abstract: A variety of melaware articles were tested for the migration of @entity5370 into the food simulant 3% w/v @entity1543 as a benchmark, and into other food simulants, beverages and foods for comparison. The results indicate that the acidity of the food simulant plays a role in promoting migration, but not by as much as might have been anticipated, since 3% @entity1543 gave migration values about double those obtained using water under the same time and temperature test conditions. In contrast, migration into the fatty food simulant olive oil was not detectable and at least 20-fold lower than with the aqueous food simulants. This was expected given the solubility properties of @entity5370 and the characteristics of the melaware plastic. Migration levels into hot acidic beverages (apple juice, @entity523 juice, red-fruit tea and black coffee) were rather similar to the @entity1543 simulant when the same time and temperature test conditions are used, e.g. 2 h at 70  C. However, migration levels into foods that were placed hot into melaware articles and then allowed to cool on standing were much lower (6-14 times lower) than if pre-heated food was placed into the articles and then maintained (artificially) at that high temperature in the same way that a controlled time-temperature test using simulants would be conducted. This very strong influence of time and especially temperature was manifest in the effects seen of microwave heating of food or beverage in the melaware articles. Here, despite the short duration of hot contact, migration levels were similar to simulants used for longer periods, e.g. 70  C for 2 h. This is rationalized in terms of the peak temperature achieved on microwave heating, which may exceed 70  C, counterbalancing the shorter time period held hot. There was also evidence that when using melaware utensils in boiling liquids, as for stovetop use of spatulas, the boiling action of circulating food/simulant can have an additional effect in promoting surface erosion, increasing the plastic decomposition and so elevating the @entity5370 release.

title: Comparison of the migration of @entity5370 from XXXX -formaldehyde plastics ('melaware') into various food simulants and foods themselves.

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5370 :: ('MESH:C011907', 'Chemical') :: ['melamine']

answer: @entity5370 :: (MESH:C011907,Chemical) :: ['melamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a study to determine whether @entity16503 reduces the risk of @entity263 , as detected on biopsy, among @entity1 who are at increased risk for the disease. METHODS: In this 4-year, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, we compared @entity16503 , at a dose of 0.5 mg daily, with placebo. @entity1 were eligible for inclusion in the study if they were 50 to 75 years of age, had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 2.5 to 10.0 ng per milliliter, and had had one negative prostate biopsy (6 to 12 cores) within 6 months before enrollment. Subjects underwent a 10-core transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy at 2 and 4 years. RESULTS: Among 6729 @entity1 who underwent a biopsy or prostate surgery, @entity5 was detected in 659 of the 3305 @entity1 in the @entity16503 group, as compared with 858 of the 3424 @entity1 in the placebo group, representing a relative risk reduction with @entity16503 of 22.8% (95% confidence interval, 15.2 to 29.8) over the 4-year study period (P<0.001). Overall, in years 1 through 4, among the 6706 @entity1 who underwent a needle biopsy, there were 220 @entity5 with a Gleason score of 7 to 10 among 3299 @entity1 in the @entity16503 group and 233 among 3407 @entity1 in the placebo group (P=0.81). During years 3 and 4, there were 12 @entity5 with a Gleason score of 8 to 10 in the @entity16503 group, as compared with only 1 in the placebo group (P=0.003). @entity16503 therapy, as compared with placebo, resulted in a reduction in the rate of acute urinary retention (1.6% vs. 6.7%, a 77.3% relative reduction). The incidence of adverse events was similar to that in studies of @entity16503 therapy for @entity1067 , except that in our study, as compared with previous studies, the relative incidence of the composite category of @entity712 was higher in the @entity16503 group than in the placebo group (0.7% [30 @entity1 ] vs. 0.4% [16 @entity1 ], P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Over the course of the 4-year study period, @entity16503 reduced the risk of @entity263 detected on biopsy and improved the outcomes related to @entity1067 . (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00056407.)

title: Effect of XXXX on the risk of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['incident prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity16503 :: ('MESH:C108373', 'Chemical') :: ['Dutasteride', 'dutasteride']

answer: @entity16503 :: (MESH:C108373,Chemical) :: ['dutasteride']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 was admitted to a local hospital with general fatigue, @entity1736 and @entity4653 . Her anti-AchR antibody titer was high, so @entity1737 was diagnosed. She was given a cholinesterase inhibitor, but her symptoms did not improve. CT and MRI scans revealed a mass in the anterior mediastinum infiltrating the superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) and the right atrium (RA) . The diagnosis was an @entity3 extending into the @entity6480 and the RA. Moreover, there was a mass in the right middle lobe of her lung, which was suspected to be the result of @entity3 of the @entity704 . She was transferred to our hospital for medication and surgery for the @entity3 . Urgent surgery was performed without preoperative therapy, because the @entity5 was nearly obstructing her tricuspid valve. An expanded thymomectomy and a right middle lobectomy were performed. As the @entity5 had infiltrated into the @entity6480 , the @entity6480 was replaced with an artificial graft. The clinicopathological diagnosis of @entity704 (Masaoka Stage IVb) was given. The @entity1 had a @entity3935 for several weeks after surgery, so her breathing was controlled by an artificial respirator. Her symptoms improved after treatment with @entity230 , @entity1140 and a cholinesterase inhibitor. Although major surgery was required to prevent @entity12464 , the @entity1 survived. Careful observation is necessary to detect signs of relapse of @entity3 .

title: [A case of @entity1737 with an @entity3 infiltrating the superior vena cava and right atrium and causing lung XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic crisis']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['tumor embolism']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasive thymoma']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The present study investigates the potential of bone marrow cells from @entity19 tolerant to @entity5 antigens to repopulate @entity5 -specific effector T cells. C3H/He @entity19 were inoculated i.v. with 10(6) 10,000 R X-irradiated syngeneic X5563 @entity5 cells three times at 4-day intervals. This regimen abrogated the ability of spleen cells from these @entity19 to develop anti-X5563 cytotoxic and in vivo protective ( @entity5 -neutralizing) T cell-mediated immunity as induced by i.d. inoculation of viable X5563 cells followed by surgical resection of the @entity5 . Since such suppression was induced in a @entity5 -specific way, this represented a state of antitumor tolerance. When bone marrow cells from normal or X5563-tolerant @entity19 were transferred i.v. into 950 R X-irradiated syngeneic C3H/He @entity19 , both groups of recipient mice generated anti-X5563 @entity5 immunity over a similar time course and to almost the same degree. Anti-X5563 @entity5 immunity induced in (C3H/He X C57BL/6) F1 @entity19 which had been transferred with bone marrow cells from normal or X5563-tolerant C3H/He @entity19 were mediated by T cells expressing the Ly phenotype of C3H/He, but not of C57BL/6, excluding the possibility that the antitumor effector cells were derived from recipient @entity19 . It was also demonstrated that C3H/He @entity19 which had been reconstituted with normal marrow were rendered tolerant when the tolerance regimen was started 7 weeks, but not 1 week after the bone marrow reconstitution. These results indicate that bone marrow cells from antitumor tolerant @entity19 are not rendered tolerant to the @entity5 but can provide the potential to repopulate antitumor CTL and in vivo protective effector T cells.

title: Studies on the recovery from tolerance to @entity5 antigens. I. Bone marrow cells from tolerant hosts are not rendered tolerant, but provide potential to reconstitute XXXX -specific effector T cell clones.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma tumor', 'tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking is shown to reduce serum urate. However its impact on risk of @entity210 is unknown. We examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and @entity210 risk prospectively examined in this Asian cohort. METHODS: We analyzed the data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a cohort of 63,257 Chinese aged 45-74 years at recruitment in 1993-98. Information on cigarette smoking and other lifestyle factors was collected through in- @entity1 interview at recruitment. This analysis included 53,213 @entity1 who participated in either follow-up 1 (1999-2004) and/or follow-up 2 interviews (2006-2010). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between cigarette smoking and @entity210 risk. RESULTS: A total of 2,244 incident cases of physician-diagnosed @entity210 were identified after a mean follow-up of 11.1 years. Among @entity1 , compared to never smokers, the risk of @entity210 in current smokers was decreased by 27% [hazard risk (HR)=0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.63-0.84]. This risk reduction was greater in lean male smokers (HR=0.69; 95% CI=0.57-0.83) than overweight smokers (HR=0.87; 95% CI=0.67-1.13) (p for interaction=0.09). This inverse association with smoking was rapidly attenuated to become null even in former smokers who had recently quit smoking. Conversely, there was no association between smoking and @entity210 risk in @entity1 . In a companion cross-sectional study, current smokers had significantly lower levels of serum @entity414 than former and never smokers, and this observation was present in @entity1 and not @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Current smoking is associated with lower risk of @entity210 in @entity1 in this Asian cohort. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Cigarette smoking and risk of incident XXXX in the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'men']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 immunoglobulin attenuates the toxic effects of @entity794 culture supernatant in a @entity95 model of @entity3225 . METHODS: Immunoglobulin binding to products of @entity23285 was tested by Western blot analysis using known toxins (beta-hemolysin and @entity137 toxin-1) and a concentrated culture supernatant containing @entity794 exotoxins (pooled toxin). To induce @entity3225 , pooled toxin was injected into the @entity95 vitreous. For immunoglobulin treatment, immunoglobulin and pooled toxin were either mixed and injected simultaneously or immunoglobulin was injected immediately after or 6 hours after pooled toxin injection. Severity of @entity3225 was graded according to a 9-day course with clinical examination (slitlamp biomicroscopy or indirect ophthalmoscopy) and evaluation of histologic sections. RESULTS: The toxic effects of pooled toxin were markedly reduced when immunoglobulin was mixed with pooled toxin and injected simultaneously. Delayed injection of immunoglobulin diminished its ability to reduce @entity137 . Clinical and histologic signs of @entity137 were partially attenuated when immunoglobulin was injected immediately after pooled toxin, but only minimal clinically detectable reductions in @entity137 were observed when immunoglobulin injection was delayed for 6 hours. CONCLUSION: Pooled @entity1 immunoglobulin can attenuate the toxic intravitreal effects of a concentrated culture supernatant containing @entity794 exotoxins. Clinical Relevance Immunoglobulin may represent a novel adjuvant in the treatment of @entity3225 . To optimize the potential therapeutic benefit, maximizing the mixture of immunoglobulin with bacterial products and early intervention are likely to be important.

title: Intravitreally injected XXXX immunoglobulin attenuates the effects of @entity794 culture supernatant in a @entity95 model of toxin-mediated @entity3225 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endophthalmitis', 'endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify factors affecting xenograft growth of @entity43 ( @entity43 ) cells in @entity19 and to detect characteristic mutations occurring in the xenografts following serial passage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 64 @entity1 EOCs were subcutaneously inoculated in Balb/c @entity19 in order to obtain a series of xenografts. Whole-exome sequencing was analyzed with Agilent SureSelect targeted enrichment capture system and Illumina Solexa Hiseq 2000 sequencing platform. Mutations were confirmed by comparison against the reference genome build 37.3. RESULTS: The @entity5 take rate was 50% (32/64). @entity186 mutation was detected in nine often @entity5 . @entity13723 and @entity12401 were not mutated in any of the samples, and @entity2370 mutation occurred in only one sample. The present data indicate that advanced stage serous EOCs and early stage non-serous EOCs were easy to grow in @entity19 , and xenografts maintained the characteristic mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced stage serous EOCs and early stage non-serous EOCs were easy to grow in @entity19 , and xenografts maintained the characteristic mutations. Xenografts in @entity19 are useful in vivo models for the study of @entity1 EOCs.

title: An in vivo model for the study of XXXX and the persistence of characteristic mutations in xenografts.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Type II tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 ( @entity694 ) is abnormal in @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) @entity1 . AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare @entity694 in @entity1 who complain of abnormal defecation pattern according to the presence or absence of @entity490 . METHODS: One hundred forty-nine @entity1 and 50 controls were studied: 96 @entity1744 @entity1 (46 @entity1744 -C, 13 @entity1744 -D, 15 @entity1744 -M, and 22 @entity1744 -U not included), 43 @entity1 with functional @entity1142 (group C) and ten with functional @entity294 (group D). Clinical evaluation and visual analog scales about four items ( @entity1142 , @entity294 , abdominal bloating and @entity490 ) were filled by all subjects. Colonic transit time (CTT) was measured in fasting conditions and after eating a standard 1,000-cal test meal. @entity694 was quantified by calculating the variation in number of markers between the two films. RESULTS: The frequency of meal-related symptoms did not vary among the different groups of @entity1 but was significantly higher than in controls. Compared to @entity1744 -C @entity1 , @entity1142 @entity1 of the group C had longer total and segmental colonic transit time, and compared to @entity1744 -D @entity1 , diarrheic @entity1 of the group D had shorter oro-anal and segmental colonic transit time except in the recto-sigmoid area. @entity694 was different in @entity1 and controls, and differed between @entity1744 and non @entity1744 @entity1 with similar transit abnormalities. Stool output was greater in @entity1 of the group D than in @entity1 of the @entity1744 -D group. CONCLUSION: The different subgroups of @entity1744 @entity1 have different @entity694 patterns, distinct from subjects with @entity1142 and @entity294 , but without @entity490 .

title: Is the colonic response to food different in @entity1744 in contrast to simple @entity1142 or XXXX without @entity490 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic response to food', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipated', 'constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: Patent ductus venosus was diagnosed in a 10-week-old Holstein heifer with acute onset of collapse and marked tenesmus. Additional clinical signs observed during the course of hospitalization included @entity308 , @entity448 , @entity2055 , @entity8599 , and poor growth. Clinicopathologic test results included high blood @entity3265 concentration, prolonged @entity8600 half-life, and high serum @entity6741 concentration. Liver biopsy revealed mild periportal @entity82 , but no appreciable hepatocyte atrophy. Mesenteric portography and percutaneous ultrasonography confirmed the patent ductus venosus. An @entity118 prosthesis was placed in the ductus venosus, using a catheterization technique. After surgery, however, clinicopathologic test results were unchanged. Ultrasonography revealed that the prosthesis had pulled away from one side of the vessel. When the @entity291 was 10.5 months old, surgical correction was achieved by a transhepatic ligation technique. Ultrasonography confirmed closure of the ductus venosus during and after surgery. Blood @entity3265 and serum @entity6741 concentrations and @entity8600 half-life were normal 3 weeks after surgery. The @entity291 had no further episodes of @entity8601 and was successfully bred at 18 months of age.

title: Diagnosis and surgical correction of patent ductus venosus in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8600 :: ('MESH:D013448', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfobromophthalein']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity8601 :: ('MESH:C563797', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['hind limb ataxia']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study examined the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of iontophoresis with 30 mA of @entity3303 for dermal anesthesia in @entity1 younger than 84 months in the emergency department and the usefulness of a modified version of the Pre-verbal, Early Verbal Pediatric Pain Scale (M-PEPPS). METHODS: Three expert nurses completed the protocol for iontophoresis and inserted an intravenous catheter. Parents @entity158 by using the 10-cm visual analogue scale, nurses used the M-PEPPS, and @entity1 , if able, self-reported @entity158 during the procedure and at needle stick. RESULTS: Serum @entity3303 levels were within the normal laboratory reference range. Adverse effects were minor and disappeared prior to discharge from the emergency department. Eighty-five percent of the @entity1 had M-PEPPS scores < or=6 during the iontophoresis procedure; 42% had scores of < or =6 at needle stick. Eighty-two percent of the parents marked the vas as < or =30 during the procedure; 65% indicated scores of < or =30 at needle stick. Four @entity1 self-reported "a lot of @entity158 " at needle stick. Although low to moderate, M-PEPPS scores and parental @entity158 ratings were significantly correlated at both points in time. DISCUSSION: Iontophoresis with @entity3303 is safe for use in young @entity1 . It does not create any long-term untoward effects and is quite well tolerated. It is not clear if the higher @entity158 scores at needle stick reflect @entity148 and fear of a needle or a @entity158 experience.

title: Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of iontophoresis with @entity3303 for dermal anesthesia in ED pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'scored pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine, in a retrospective review, the limitations of definitive chemoradiation in the treatment of @entity1 with unresectable extrahepatic @entity201 and generate testable hypotheses for future prospective clinical trials. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1957 and 2000, 52 @entity1 with localized, unresectable @entity201 were treated with radiotherapy (RT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Unresectable disease was defined, by evidence on imaging studies or at surgical exploration, as localized @entity5 abutting or involving the main portal vein, @entity5 involvement of secondary biliary radicals, or evidence of nodal metastases. @entity1 were grouped according to the RT dose: 27 @entity1 received a total dose of 30 Gy (Group 1), 14 @entity1 received 36-50.4 Gy (Group 2), and 11 @entity1 received 54-85 Gy (Group 3). 192Ir intracavitary boosts (median 20 Gy) were delivered in 3 @entity1 , and an intraoperative boost (20 Gy) was used in 1 @entity1 . Of the 52 @entity1 , 38 (73%) received concomitant protracted venous infusion of @entity1487 (200-300 mg/m2 daily, Monday through Friday). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the actuarial 1-year and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), radiographic local progression, symptomatic progression, and distant failure. Treatment-related variables and prognostic factors were evaluated using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The first site of disease progression was local in 72% of cases. The actuarial local progression rate at 12 months for all @entity1 was 59%. The median time to radiographic local progression was 9, 11, and 15 months in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.48). Fifteen percent of all @entity1 developed @entity3 (1-year @entity1349 rate 18%). The median survival rate for all @entity1 was 10 months (1-year @entity1349 rate 44%). The RT dose, use of concurrent chemotherapy, histologic grade, initial extent of liver involvement, and extent of vascular involvement had no influence on radiographic local progression or @entity1349 . Grade 3 or greater @entity137 was similar in all dose groups (22% vs. 14% vs. 27%, p = 0.718). CONCLUSION: The primary limitation of definitive chemoradiation was local progression. Although the small @entity1 numbers limited the statistical power of this study, a suggestion of improved local control was found with the use of higher RT doses. To address this pattern of failure, future prospective investigation using high-dose conformal RT with novel cytotoxic and/or biologic agents with radiosensitizing properties is warranted.

title: Limitations of conventional doses of chemoradiation for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['biliary cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: This prospective multicenter study explored different definitions of time to deterioration (TTD) in quality of life (QoL) scores, according to different cutoffs of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) as a modality for longitudinal QoL assessment in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and BR-23 before surgery, after surgery, and 6 and 12 months later. The global health score, arm symptoms score (BRAS), and breast symptoms score were analyzed. For a given baseline score, QoL was considered to have deteriorated if this score decreased by >= 5 points at any time point after baseline. Analyses were repeated using an MCID of 10 points and taking the score after surgery as the reference score (to explore the occurrence of response shift). TTD was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression was used to identify independent factors associated with TTD. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-five @entity1 underwent @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), 222 underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), and 61 underwent SLNB plus @entity1600 . @entity1 who underwent SLNB had a significantly longer TTD for the BRAS dimension than those who underwent @entity1600 . Cox multivariate analyses showed that treatment using SLNB and age >59 years were independently associated with longer TTD for the BRAS, whereas surgery elsewhere than at the Centre Georges Fran  ois Leclerc was associated with a shorter TTD. CONCLUSION: Exploration of different definitions of TTD in QoL provides meaningful longitudinal QoL results for clinicians.

title: Time to deterioration in quality of life score as a modality of longitudinal analysis in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node dissection', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Endothelial adhesion molecules are important in the recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. @entity480 characteristically contain a leukocyte infiltrate in which @entity1712 often are remarkably prominent. We have studied whether this feature is related to a particular profile of adhesion molecules on the local microvascular endothelium. @entity480 were obtained from 15 @entity1 . Mucosal biopsy specimens of the lower and the middle turbinate from the same @entity1 as well as from three control subjects served as reference tissue. Expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and the relative numbers of @entity1712 and neutrophils were examined by two- and three-color immunofluorescence staining. Both the number of @entity1712 and the proportion of vessels positive for @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) were significantly increased in @entity480 compared with the turbinate mucosa of the same @entity1 (P = 0.008 and P = 0.001, respectively). By contrast, the number of neutrophils and the relative expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were similar at both tissue sites. Furthermore, the relative number of @entity1712 in @entity480 was well correlated (rs = 0.73, P = 0.006) with the percentage of vessels positive for @entity4725 , but this was not true for neutrophils. Taken together, this direct in situ observation strongly supports the crucial role suggested for @entity4725 in @entity1 eosinophil extravasation at inflammatory sites.

title: Eosinophil infiltration is related to increased expression of XXXX in @entity480 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal polyps', 'nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

answer: @entity4725 :: (7412,Gene) :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: Two tests of binaural hearing, namely intensity discrimination of alternating monaural clicks and interaural time difference (IATD) discrimination of binaural clicks, were performed in 28 @entity1 with definite @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and 12 with an isolated @entity75 compatible with @entity17 . Intensity discrimination defects were found in 53.5% and IATD defects in 82% of definite @entity15 cases, although no overt auditory symptoms were reported and pure tone audiology was unremarkable. Corresponding figures in the isolated lesion group were 25% and 33%. Defects were manifested either by an abnormal 'bias' in favour of one ear or by a broadened 'spread' of responses (i.e., greater range of uncertainty). Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were abnormal in 75% of the definite @entity15 cases but only in 8% of the isolated lesion group. @entity854 involving component III on one or both sides were invariably associated with a defect of IATD discrimination. This is consistent with disruption of input to the superior olivary complex, the most peripheral structure where binaurally responsive units are sensitive to IATD. Lesions causing abnormality of component V alone less frequently resulted in @entity1650 , possibly because at rostral levels the IATD is encoded by the location rather than the timing of neuronal activity. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), @entity854 , pons or midbrain were demonstrated in all @entity15 @entity1 tested and 45% of those with isolated @entity75 . The correlation with @entity854 was plausible in some @entity1 but apparently anomalous in others. More severe @entity854 than would have been expected on the basis of MRI may have been due to small unresolved lesions, while the more frequent finding of normal or mildly abnormal BAEPs in conjunction with extensive @entity854 may have been due to the fact that areas of abnormal signal reflect an increase in the water content of the tissue rather than @entity17 per se.

title: Sound lateralization, brainstem auditory evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem lesions', 'brainstem lesion']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['impaired IATD discrimination']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['BAEP abnormalities', 'abnormalities of the medulla', 'MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in @entity1 and is characterized by reduced aerobic cerebral energy metabolism early after injury, possibly due to impaired activity of the @entity2388 dehydrogenase complex. Exogenous @entity4162 (ALCAR) is metabolized in the brain to @entity6625 and subsequently enters the @entity6626 cycle. ALCAR administration is neuroprotective in animal models of @entity2806 and @entity1566 , but has not been tested for @entity131 . This study tested the hypothesis that treatment with ALCAR during the first 24 h following @entity131 in immature @entity35 improves neurologic outcome and reduces cortical lesion volume. Postnatal day 21-22 male @entity35 were @entity5161 anesthetized and used in a controlled cortical impact model of @entity131 to the left parietal cortex. At 1, 4, 12 and 23 h after injury, @entity35 received ALCAR (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or drug vehicle (normal saline). On days 3-7 after surgery, behavior was assessed using beam walking and novel object recognition tests. On day 7, @entity35 were transcardially perfused and brains were harvested for histological assessment of cortical lesion volume, using stereology. Injured animals displayed a significant increase in foot slips compared to sham-operated @entity35 (6    1 SEM vs. 2    0.2 on day 3 after @entity130 ; n = 7; p < 0.05). The ALCAR-treated @entity35 were not different from shams and had fewer foot slips compared to vehicle-treated animals (2    0.4; n = 7; p< 0.05). The frequency of investigating a novel object for saline-treated @entity131 animals was reduced compared to shams (45    5% vs. 65    10%; n = 7; p < 0.05), whereas the frequency of investigation for @entity131 @entity35 treated with ALCAR was not significantly different from that of shams but significantly higher than that of saline-treated @entity131 @entity35 (68    7; p < 0.05). The left parietal cortical lesion volume, expressed as a percentage of the volume of tissue in the right hemisphere, was significantly smaller in ALCAR-treated than in vehicle-treated @entity131 @entity35 (14    5% vs. 28    6%; p < 0.05). We conclude that treatment with ALCAR during the first 24 h after @entity131 improves behavioral outcomes and reduces @entity75 volume in immature @entity35 within the first 7 days after injury.

title: Neuroprotection by XXXX after @entity130 to the immature @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity4162 :: ('MESH:D000108', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity4162 :: (MESH:D000108,Chemical) :: ['acetyl-L-carnitine']


abstract: The effects of @entity10891 and @entity2812 , two agents which interfere with the release of @entity2227 ( @entity367 ), and @entity3390 , a blocker of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors, were compared in the model of @entity888 -induced depletion of @entity935 (DA) levels in @entity19 . Repeated injections with @entity888 (4 x 5 mg/kg i.p.) markedly decreased levels of DA, @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) and @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ) levels. When @entity19 were treated with @entity10891 (2 x 10 mg/kg p.o.), no protection was observed against the decrease in DA and the two metabolites. @entity2812 (2 x 10 mg/kg p.o.) was also inactive. Treatment with @entity3390 (2 x 2.5 mg/kg i.p.) antagonized the decrease in DA, @entity4925 and @entity3829 levels induced by the neurotoxin. Thus, unlike an @entity143 blocker, drugs that interfere with @entity367 release did not antagonize the @entity888 -induced DA @entity2359 in @entity19 . The consequences of this inactivity are discussed in terms of the reliability of this model to test new drugs with putative efficacy in the treatment of @entity191 .

title: @entity888 and XXXX @entity2359 : differential effects of agents interfering with glutamatergic transmission.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine', 'lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Intestinal microflora play a critical role in the initiation and perpetuation of chronic @entity29 . In genetically susceptible hosts, bacterial colonization results in rapid-onset chronic @entity32 . Nevertheless, the intestinal and systemic immune response to faecal bacteria and antigen exposure into a sterile intestinal lumen of a post-weaned animal with a mature immune system are not understood clearly. This study examined the effects of faecal bacteria and antigen exposure on the intestinal mucosal and systemic immune system in healthy axenic @entity19 . Axenic wild-type @entity19 were inoculated orally with a crude faecal slurry solution derived from conventionally raised @entity19 and were analysed prior to and then at days 3, 7, 14 and 28 post-treatment. Ingestion of faecal slurry resulted in a transient, early onset of proinflammatory @entity60 , tumour @entity39 factor ( @entity637 and @entity636 response that was maximal at day 3. In contrast, the transient release of the anti-inflammatory cytokines @entity1618 and @entity58 occurred later and was maximal at day 7. Both responses subsided by day 14. This early cytokine imbalance was associated with a brief rise in colonic and caecal histopathological injury score at day 7. The bacterial antigen-specific systemic response was found to follow the intestinal immune response with a maximal release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines at day 7. Thus, first exposure of healthy axenic wild-type @entity19 to normal faecal flora and antigens results in an early proinflammatory cytokine response and transient @entity32 that then resolves in conjunction with a subsequent anti-inflammatory cytokine profile.

title: An imbalance in mucosal cytokine profile causes transient XXXX following an animal's first exposure to faecal bacteria and antigens.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['colonic inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['intestinal inflammation']


abstract: 20 @entity2946 in @entity1 were treated at the Neurosurgical Department of Perugia over the last 6 years. The age ranged between 1.2 and 15 years, with a mean of 8 years. The ratio between males and females was 3/1. Only three @entity5 were localized within one cerebellar hemisphere. A shunt was performed before the removal of the @entity5 in 12 cases. Radical resection was completed in 15 cases, whereas a subtotal removal was performed in the cases with involvement of the brain stem. The postoperative mortality rate was 5%. The 3-year survival rate was 40% and the 5-year 25%. The postoperative radiotherapy was given at lower doses than usually reported by other authors: this seems to reduce the neuropsychological and endocrinological sequelae. CCNU of BCNU were given after radiotherapy, but this monochemotherapy seems to be less effective than polychemotherapy with @entity11770 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 and @entity619 , used in this series when relapse occurred. Radical resection improved the prognosis. The opportunity of using different protocols for 'low risk' and for 'high risk' @entity1 is finally discussed.

title: XXXX in childhood. Multidisciplinary treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['Medulloblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the results of combined trabeculectomy with phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation to those of trabeculectomy alone using @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) application intraoperatively in all cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective comparative study of consecutive @entity1 was conducted on two groups: 102 eyes of 90 @entity1 studied in the combined procedure group, and 33 eyes of 30 @entity1 in the trabeculectomy alone group. RESULTS: Both groups showed a significant decrease in IOP. The combined group had a change from 21.5+/-5.8 mm HG preoperative to 14.73+/-3.44 mm HG postoperative, P=0.0001; the trabeculectomy group changed from 24.2+/-7.5 mm HG preoperative to 12.46+/-3.86 mm HG postoperative, P=0.0001. This represents a 31.5% reduction in IOP in the combined group versus a 48.5% reduction in the trabeculectomy alone group (P=0.0001). The follow-up time was longer in the trabeculectomy group (trabeculectomy group, 22.6+/-13.3 months; combined group, 14.2+/-8.0 months), P=0.0014. There were 97 eyes in the combined group (95%) and 32 eyes (97%) in the trabeculectomy group that had an IOP of less than 20 mm HG at the end of follow up. Postoperatively, the two groups showed similar significant reductions in the number of antiglaucomatous medications used (combined group, 0.82+/-1.0 compared with 2.65+/-0.84 preoperatively, P=0.0001; trabeculectomy group, 0.76+/-1.2 compared with 2.7+/-0.95 preoperatively, P=0.0001). There were no cases of @entity4530 in the combined group and two cases (6%) in the trabeculectomy group. CONCLUSION: The reduction of IOP is significantly larger after trabeculectomy alone than after the combined procedure; however, the functional and anatomical results of the combined procedure of phacoemulsification, posterior chamber IOL implantation, and trabeculectomy with @entity1139 application were as good as those of trabeculectomy alone with @entity1139 .

title: Comparison of trabeculectomy with XXXX with or without phacoemulsification and lens implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['bleb leakage']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity272 ( @entity272 ) reflects skin blood flow, and @entity272 measurement has been suggested for the investigation of vascular responses. As a limitation, the multifactorial nature and the seasonal variation in measured values have been earlier described in adults but not in @entity1 . In the present study, we identify the modifiers of @entity272 in a population sample of Finnish @entity1 . METHODS: @entity272 was measured in @entity1 (age range 8-11  years, n  =  432) with infrared thermometer, and its possible determinants including the subjects' physical characteristics and seasonal variables, such as daylight time and outdoor temperature, were identified. RESULTS: In univariate regression models, @entity272 was dependent on the sex, age and anthropometric characteristics of the @entity1 with the higher body fat content-related variables and a lower surface area-to-mass ratio as strongest single modifiers of @entity272 . There was interaction between sex and puberty with @entity272 . In addition, @entity272 was directly related to daylight time and outdoor temperature although the @entity1 had stayed inside for at least 2 h before the measurements. The @entity272 values were lowest in the winter and highest in the summer. In multivariate regression model, main determinants of @entity272 were a higher body fat percentage (standardized regression coefficient b  =  0.472; p  <  0.001), male sex (b  =  0.291; p  <  0.001) and longer daylight time (0.226; p  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, complex effects of body composition and sex with the confounding effect of seasonal variation may complicate the use of @entity272 as a tool to study the vascular function in @entity1 .

title: Finger skin temperatures in 8- to 11-year-old XXXX : determinants including physical characteristics and seasonal variation. The Physical Activity and Nutrition in @entity1 (PANIC) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['fingertip skin temperature', 'FST']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although guidelines do not recommend computerised tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the staging or follow-up of asymptomatic @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity0 , they are often requested in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine the staging and follow-up patterns, and relative costs in a large population of @entity0 @entity1 living and treated in a Southern Italian region. METHODS: We analysed the clinical computerised information recorded by 567 primary-care physicians assisting about 650   000 inhabitants in the Campania region. @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity0 were identified and divided into calendar years from 2001 to 2010. The number of diagnostic tests prescribed per 100 @entity1 (N/Pts) and the mean cost per @entity1 was determined 3 months before diagnosis and up to 1 year after diagnosis. Costs are expressed in constant 2011 @entity7634 . RESULTS: We identified 4680 newly diagnosed cases of asymptomatic non-metastatic @entity0 . N/Pts increased significantly (P<0.0001) from 2001 to 2010. The mean number of prescribed mammograms, bone scans, abdominal ultrasound and chest X- @entity16039 ('routine tests'), and costs was unchanged. However, the number of CT, PET scans and MRI ('new tests')prescriptions almost quadrupled and the mean cost per @entity1 related to these procedures significantly increased from [ @entity7634 ]357 in 2001 to [ @entity7634 ]830 in 2010 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: New test prescriptions and relative costs significantly and steadily increased throughout the study period. At present there is no evidence that the delivery of new tests to asymptomatic @entity1 improves @entity0 outcome. Well-designed clinical trials are urgently needed to shed light on the impact of these tests on clinical outcome and overall survival.British Journal of Cancer (2017) 0, advance online publication: 7 February 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.24 www.bjcancer.com.

title: Imaging tests in staging and surveillance of non-metastatic XXXX : changes in routine clinical practice and cost implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Patch testing was carried out in 424 schoolchildren (223M, 201F), aged 7-12 years, in northern Norway. In 99 (23.3%) of these @entity1 , one or more @entity56 patch test reactions were demonstrated; 30 @entity1 reacted to two and 6 to three or more substances; 53 irritant reactions were recorded in 33 (7.8%) of those tested. From a total of 144 positive tests, the most common allergen was @entity3406 (14.9%), followed by @entity1953 (5.7%), kathon CG (5.2%), @entity5156 (1.7%) and @entity5154 (1.4%). Both @entity56 and irritant reactions were found twice as frequently in @entity1 as in @entity1 . Positive patch tests were significantly more frequent in @entity1097 (28.8%) than in non- @entity1097 (17.9%) @entity1 , being most pronounced in @entity1097 @entity1 (37.4%). @entity484 was reported to have occurred or to be present in 6.5% of cases. Twenty-nine of 36 @entity1 reporting @entity484 participated in the clinical examination. Altogether 15 (3.5%) @entity1 had @entity484 at the time of the clinical examination but 12 of these @entity1 had no previous history of @entity484 . In 14 of these 15 subjects, the @entity484 was localized to the back of the hands, with 13 having @entity483 . In 4 of these 15 @entity1 , an @entity56 patch test reaction was found; however, in only 2 of these 4 was the test considered to be clinically relevant for the diagnosis @entity56 . In conclusion, @entity146 may occur in early childhood and is most prevalent in @entity1 with @entity483 .

title: Contact allergy in relation to XXXX and atopic diseases in north Norwegian schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritant hand eczema']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic hand eczema', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['hand eczema', 'eczema', 'Hand eczema']

answer: @entity484 :: (MESH:D004485,Disease) :: ['hand eczema']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the activity and @entity137 of combined @entity2879 , @entity5713 , and @entity632 (EVA) in advanced @entity978 ( @entity978 ) in relapse from or refractory to @entity3700 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 , and @entity229 (MOPP). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were more than 15 years of age and had received only one prior course of MOPP and were in relapse with measurable disease. The EVA regimen (etoposide 100 mg/m2 intravenously [IV] on days 1, 2, and 3; @entity5713 6 mg/m2 IV on day 1; and @entity632 50 mg/m2 IV on day 1) was administered every 28 days for a minimum of four and a maximum of six cycles. @entity1 were restaged at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Forty-five eligible @entity1 were treated, with an overall response rate of 73%. There were 40% complete responses (CRs) and 33% partial responses (PRs). The median follow-up time in 42 months. The median time to treatment failure (TTF) is 10 months, with 31% continuing progression-free. Eighteen @entity1 achieved a second CR, with only seven recurrences in that group. Failure-free survival and overall survival were significantly better in @entity1 whose first MOPP-induced remission was longer than 12 months and who were free of B symptoms at relapse. @entity137 was primarily myelosuppression, which resulted in two toxic deaths. @entity358 was not observed. CONCLUSION: EVA is an effective second-line regimen for the treatment of @entity978 in relapse following MOPP chemotherapy.

title: XXXX , @entity5713 , and @entity632 : an active regimen for the treatment of @entity978 in relapse following MOPP. Cancer and Leukemia Group B.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3700 :: ('MESH:D008466', 'Chemical') :: ['mechlorethamine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['Etoposide']


abstract: Ischemic preconditioning of the heart is referred as a manifest increase in tolerance of the myocardium to otherwise damaging @entity63 insult, achieved by one or few consequent initial short exposures to @entity63 , each followed by reperfusion of the @entity63 area. Several mechanisms such as opening of collateral vessels, the action of @entity2661 , @entity7256 , G-proteins and/or @entity859 ; inhibition of @entity7257 , the effects of different endogenous protective substances like heat stress or shock proteins, etc., are believed to cooperate in the mechanism of induction of preconditioning or in maintaining its effect. The present study is an attempt to extend the present knowledge about preconditioning from two aspects: i.) the peculiarities of energy equilibrium in preconditioned myocardium including adaptation of cardiac sarcolemmal ATPases to @entity63 and/or @entity519 , and ii) participation of a new endogenous cardioprotective substance in the mechanism of preconditioning. The energy equilibrium in preconditioning is characterized by adaptation of cardiac energy demands to the capacity of energy production and delivery decreased by anaerobiosis and is manifested by constant ratios between @entity855 , @entity857 , @entity860 and the sum of ADN. Principles are proposed that may enable a prediction and mathematical modelling of the balanced energetic state in the preconditioned myocardium. These principles are based on thermodynamics and involve besides others a more economic handling of @entity855 by sarcolemmal ATPases. The latter enzymes adapt themselves to lowered availability of @entity855 by decreasing besides their Vmax also their values of Km (increase in the affinity) for @entity855 and some of them even adjust their activation energy (the anaerobiosis-induced elevation of Ea.t. is missing).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Adaptation of the heart to XXXX by preconditioning: effects on energy equilibrium, properties of sarcolemmal ATPases and release of cardioprotective proteins.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity7257 :: ('514', 'Gene') :: ['mitochondrial ATPase']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity7256 :: ('MESH:D007295', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphates']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: @entity286 use is the world's leading single preventable cause of @entity204 . Worldwide @entity286 -related @entity204 now exceed 5 million a year. Left unchecked, the number is expected to exceed 8 million a year by 2030, and 80% of those @entity286 -related @entity204 will occur in low- and middle-income countries. In the United States, @entity286 use is the single leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and @entity204 . Each year, 443,000 U.S. residents die from cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke, and another 8.6 million have a serious illness caused by smoking. In 2008, 20.6% (approximately 46 million) of U.S. adults were current smokers. Smoking costs the United States  96 billion in medical costs and  97 billion in lost productivity annually. A particular concern is that progress in reducing smoking rates among young @entity1 and adults has stalled. After a substantial decline from 1997 (36.4%) to 2003 (21.9%), the decline in smoking rates among high school students slowed and remained relatively unchanged from 2003 (21.9%) to 2007 (20.0%). Adult smoking prevalence declined steadily from 1965 (42.4%) through the 1980s; however, the decline in smoking rates among adults began to slow in the 1990s and remained relatively unchanged from 2004 (20.9%) to 2008 (20.6%). By achieving a modest decline in smoking prevalence worldwide (from 25% to 20%) through further use of @entity286 control measures, 100 million @entity204 can be prevented by 2020.

title: CDC grand rounds: current opportunities in XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3561 Background: The ACTS-CC trial is a phase III trial designed to validate non-inferiority of S-1 to UFT/ LV, a standard treatment in Japan as adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity5 . We report the results of an interim analysis of safety of these treatments in this trial. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5 and a PS of 0-1 who underwent curative surgery were randomly assigned to receive UFT/LV (UFT: 300 to 600 mg/day according to BSA and, LV: 75 mg/day on days 1 to 28, followed by 7 days rest, 5 courses) or S-1 (80, 100, or 120 mg/day according to BSA on days 1 to 28, followed by 14 days rest, 4 courses). We analyzed clinicopathological features, treatment status and safety. RESULTS: Among 1,535 enrolled @entity1 between Apr. 2009 and @entity1178 . 2010, we excluded 31 @entity1 who had duplicate registration, withdrew informed consent, or did not receive the assigned treatment. 1,504 @entity1 (756 in S-1 group, 748 in UFT/LV group) were included in this analysis. Totally, the mean age at enrollment was 64.5 years, the male:female ratio was 1.2:1, wide lymph node dissection (D3) was done in 80% and the median number of dissected lymph nodes was 17. The completion rate of the protocol treatment was 75% (77% in S-1 group, 73% in UFT/LV group), and 18% of @entity1 discontinued treatment within 2 courses. Treatment was discontinued because of adverse events (AEs) in 18% (18% in S-1 group, 18% in UFT/LV group). The mean dose intensity (actual cumulative dose received/total dose according to the protocol) was 82% in S-1 group and 81% in UFT/LV group, including the @entity1 who discontinued treatment because of recurrence. The overall incidences of AEs in S-1 group and UFT/LV group were 80% and 74%: 33% and 27% for @entity417 , 32% and 25% for @entity448 , 27% and 13% for pigmentation, 26% and 23% for @entity3638 , 23% and 24% for @entity294 , 19% and 14% for @entity3136 , 15% and 20% for AST, and 13% and 21% for ALT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although AE profiles differed between S-1 group and UFT/LV group in this trial, AEs were acceptable, and the completion rate of the protocol treatment was high. Both @entity11730 could be safely used as adjuvant therapy.

title: Initial safety report of ACTS-CC trial (TRICC0706): A randomized phase III trial of UFT/LV versus S-1 as adjuvant therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III colon cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: Exercise training provides a cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in @entity1030 - @entity1 . However, the components of the training are not yet fully investigated. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of a sensory-motoric training (SMT) in comparison to a conventional strength training (KT) according to the physical performance. @entity1 and Methods: 43 @entity1030 @entity1 were randomized and participated either in the intervention group (SMT=30 minutes SMT per day) or in the control group (KT=30 minutes KT per day). The SMT was performed as circuit training with five stations. The primary endpoint was the difference between T1 (start of the PR) and T2 (end of the PR) in 5-Times Sit-to-stand test (5-STST) in the intergroup comparison. Secondary endpoints were the intra- and intergroup comparisons of T1 and T2 in the 6-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT), @entity1030 Assessment Test (CAT), St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and in lung function. Results: No significant differences were seen in the results of the 5-STST between the groups. Likewise, in the 6-MWT, SGRQ, CAT, @entity308 and lung function. The intragroup comparison between T1 and T2 showed significant differences in 5-STST, 6-MWT, SGRQ, CAT and @entity308 in both groups. The differences in lung function were not significantly, neither in the inter- nor in the intragroup comparison. Conclusion: Similarly to a conventional strength training improvements in exercise capacity could be achieved with a SMT during PR in @entity1030 @entity1 . Further studies are necessary to define the role of the SMT in regards to postural control.

title: [Impact of a Senso-Motoric Intervention in XXXX - @entity1 Participating in an Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['HADS', 'Hospital Anxiety- and Depression Scale']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity259 ( @entity259 ) therapy is surgical resection. Because the genetic screening was available, the early diagnosis of the disease has been possible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the genetic test in the management of these @entity1 and to draw some information about the surgical timing. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 underwent total thyroidectomy at our institute between 1995 and 2007. Seven @entity1 underwent a curative thyroidectomy, and 6 @entity1 underwent a prophylactic thyroidectomy. Two @entity1 were operated with a minimally invasive video-assisted technique. We studied the following parameters: age, risk level associated to the @entity8958 gene mutations, aim of surgery (curative or prophylactic), @entity5 histopathologic features, lymph node involvement, and distal metastases. RESULTS: We found a statistical association between @entity5 maximum diameter and some parameters analyzed: age of @entity1 , aim of surgery, single or multifocal @entity259 , and number of organs involved by distal metastases. @entity5 diameter at the moment of diagnosis seems to increase according to the @entity146 of @entity8958 gene mutation found. CONCLUSIONS: The best strategy to cure @entity259 is to prevent it. Genetic screening could be a fundamental tool in the management of @entity3018 @entity1 . An improvement of scientific knowledge regarding @entity8958 gene alterations and an early and appropriate use of genetic tests could allow a better understanding of the correct surgical timing and a wider use of less aggressive surgical procedures.

title: Role of @entity8958 codonic mutations in the surgical management of XXXX in pediatric @entity3018 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasm type 2']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 to the iris is rare, and the best approaches to clinical recognition and treatment of this @entity5 are not widely known. We reviewed a series of @entity1 with @entity5 to the iris and elucidated the clinical variations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment of this @entity5 . METHODS: The files of the Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service were surveyed, and cases of @entity5 to the iris were extracted for further analysis. General data, systemic data, @entity5 characteristics, diagnostic methods used, treatment, and prognosis were tabulated. RESULTS: Of 512 @entity1 with uveal @entity3 , the iris was involved in 40 (7.8%). The @entity3 originated from @entity0 in 16 cases, @entity2 in 11, @entity5 in three, @entity320 in three, @entity694 in two, and esophageal, laryngeal, prostate, and @entity703 in one case each. In one case the @entity5 was never identified. There was no history of primary @entity5 in 13 (32%) of 40 @entity1 . All iris metastases were unilateral, and secondary @entity726 was present in 15 (38%). Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the @entity1539 helped to establish the diagnosis in 11 cases. Treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, achieved @entity5 control in all @entity1 . The overall mean survival was 20 months and the median survival was 13 months after diagnosis of the iris @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Iris @entity3 can show a spectrum of clinical variations, but its features are generally distinctive enough to differentiate it from other intraocular @entity5 and @entity32 . Treatment consists of chemotherapy, which was sometimes combined with ocular irradiation. The visual prognosis was good but the systemic prognosis was generally poor.

title: @entity3 to the iris in 40 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammations']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'primary tumor', 'Metastatic cancer', 'local tumor', 'carcinoid tumor', 'neoplasm', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) on adherence to @entity6 medications. METHODS: Health Alliance Medical Plans piloted @entity1297 for @entity6 medications for a subgroup of 5400 enrollees in January 2007 while keeping drug benefits unchanged for the remaining plan enrollees. A difference in difference method (DID) was used to evaluate the effect of @entity1297 based on pharmacy claim data. @entity1 with unchanged benefits in the same plan were used as the control group. Adherence was measured by the proportion of days covered. Propensity score weighting was used to balance characteristics of the case group and the control group. RESULTS: There were 71 @entity1 in the case group and 5037 @entity1 in the control group. The @entity1 in the two groups had comparable characteristics after propensity score weighting. After the implementation of @entity1297 , the average copayment per 30 days of supply for @entity6 medications decreased from  15.3 to  10.1 for the case group and increased from  14.6 to  15.1 for the control group. The probability of being adherent increased from 75.3% to 82.6% for the case group and was roughly unchanged from 79.1% to 78.5% for the control group. Propensity score-weighted DID analysis showed that @entity1 with @entity353 had greater odds of being adherent: odds ratio=1.56, P=0.03, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.34. CONCLUSION: A @entity1297 program that reduced the copayment for @entity6 medications by 36.1% reduced the number of nonadherent @entity1 by 30.0%.

title: The impact of XXXX on adherence to @entity6 medications: a propensity score-weighted difference in difference evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['copayment reduction']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['value-based benefit design', 'VBBD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1297 :: (MESH:D019292,Disease) :: ['value-based benefit design']


abstract: @entity1729 are one of the main health problems worldwide. They are a challenging field of study due to an intricate relationship between the pathogenicity of microbes and the host's defenses. To better understand mechanisms of @entity1729 , different models have been developed. A model is the reproduction of a disease in a system that mimics @entity1 pathophysiology. For this reason, the best models should closely resemble real-life conditions. Thus, the @entity1 model is the best. However, @entity1 models of @entity1729 have some disadvantages that limit their role. Therefore, other models, including animal, in vitro, and mathematical ones, have been developed. We will discuss advantages and limitations of available models and focus on models of @entity1800 as triggers of @entity565 exacerbations, @entity1800 being one of the most frequent causes of exacerbating disease. Future studies should focus on the interrelation of various models.

title: Models of XXXX : Virus-Induced @entity565 Exacerbations and Beyond.

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections', 'respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify childhood @entity146 symptoms as antecedents of cigarette smoking at age 18. METHODS: In 1989, a general population sample of 2946 8-year-old @entity1 born in Finland in 1981 was assessed using the Rutter's parent and teacher questionnaires, and the @entity1 @entity308 Inventory. This birth cohort was followed up in 1999, when the subjects reported for their obligatory military service at age 18. Information about cigarette smoking frequency was obtained from 78% (n = 2307) of the @entity1 attending the study in 1989. RESULTS: Childhood @entity2915 and self-reported depressive symptoms correlated with moderate daily (1-10 cigarettes), and heavy daily (>10 cigarettes) smoking at age 18. Conduct problems correlated with heavy daily smoking. A high level of @entity308 , particularly in conjunction with a low educational level of the father, increased the risk of daily smoking. Emotional problems decreased the risk of smoking at age 18. In general, teacher reports had a better predictive power than parent reports for subsequent smoking. CONCLUSION: Future developmental studies with special focus on interaction between individual and environmental factors are warranted to reveal the mechanisms underlying the association between childhood psychopathology and adult smoking. In particular, the associations between childhood @entity308 and future smoking need more clarification.

title: Childhood antecedents of being a cigarette smoker in early adulthood. The Finnish 'From a @entity1 to a XXXX ' Study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'childhood depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to review the currently available literature and to compare the short and long-term results of primary stenting and angioplasty of @entity432 by performing a meta-analysis review. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature that was published between September 2000 and January 2007 was performed. All studies that reported data on the long-term results after @entity384 or stent implantation were included if at least one-year primary patency or @entity256 rate was presented; the study follow-up was at least 1 year and the number of subjects at the start of study was at least 20 @entity1 . Three investigators independently extracted the data. The Pooled survival curves were then constructed for graft patency according to a random-effects protocol for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four articles were initially identified but only seven were selected and included in this meta-analysis: seven were RCTs publications and one was a retrospective study comparing the outcome of angioplasty and stenting of the femoropopliteal segment. In our meta-analysis, there were a total of 934 @entity1 with 452 @entity1 who underwent balloon angioplasty (273 @entity1 were male) and 482 @entity1 who underwent stenting (297 @entity1 were male). Primary patency at 1-year and postoperative ABI post intervention was used to evaluate the pooled odds ratio (OR) of all studies. The pooled OR of all studies estimate for the 12-month patency rates was 0.989 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.623 to 1.570, P = .962) showing no difference in outcome between the two groups (SE 0.269% to 1.025%). The pooled OR estimate for the postoperative ABI was 0.869 (95% CI, 0.557 to 1.357, P = .561) showing a slight advantage in favor of the angioplasty group but the P value was not statistically significant (SE 0.282% to 1.326%). The 1-year primary patency rates following balloon angioplasty ranged from 45% to 84.2% and at 2 years it varied from 25% to 77.2%. In the stent implantation group, the 1-year primary patency rates varied from 63% to 90%, and 2-year primary patency ranged from 46% to 87%. Heterogeneity was seen among studies, and publication bias could not be excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our meta-analysis suggest that stent placement in the @entity432 does not increase the patency rate when compared with angioplasty alone at 1 year. This conclusion should be viewed in the light of study-design considerations and all limitations in this meta-analysis that may have an impact of the outcome of stenting and angioplasty after a 1-year follow-up.

title: Balloon angioplasty compared with stenting for treatment of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['femoropopliteal occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['femoropopliteal occlusive disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6685 Background: Although most @entity1 diagnosed with @entity784 , nasal type (ENNKTL) have @entity66 , radiation therapy alone is not satisfactory because of frequent systemic failure. Also, when compared with @entity1892 , ENNKTL have poor response to conventional @entity632 -based chemotherapy. Therefore, more effective chemotherapeutic regimens are required. METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed ENNKTL were included. All @entity1 received IMEP chemotherapy as first-line treatment ( @entity1260 1.5 g/m(2) i.v. with @entity9614 supplement on days 1-3; @entity1499 30 mg/m(2) i.v. push on days 3 and 10; @entity2879 100 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1-3; and @entity229 120 mg p.o. on days 1-5). Radiation therapy was used only in @entity1 of Ann Arbor stage I or II developing local failure. RESULTS: Since June 2001, 21 ENNKTL @entity1 were enrolled. Of these @entity1 , 15 @entity1 had nasal localization (Ann Arbor stage I or II) and 6 @entity1 had extranasal or disseminated disease. Median follow-up duration was 9.9 (3.5   30.0) months. Overall complete remission (CR) rate was 66.7%. Among @entity1 with nasal localization (stage I or II), 11 had CR (84.6%). Of these @entity1 with CR, 3 @entity1 (27.3%) developed recurrence, but this was successfully controlled with additional radiotherapy. However, @entity1 with extranasal or disseminated disease had poor response (CR: 20.0%). CONCLUSIONS: IMEP regimen in @entity1 with ENNKTL was effective as first-line therapy, especially in the cases with nasal localization. [Figure: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Efficacy of @entity1260 , @entity1499 , @entity2879 and @entity229 (IMEP) chemotherapy in XXXX , nasal type.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: @entity110 is characterized by the appearance of hives and @entity111 . Those hives are formed by @entity4 and vasodilatation and they disappear when they are pressed on. The acute presentation is extremely common and affects between 10 and 20% of the population at a determined moment. In its simplest form, @entity110 is envisioned to represent the same sort of wheal-and-flare reaction observed when @entity112 is injected into the skin. It produces erythema because of capillary vasodilatation, @entity4 because of increased permeability in capillary and @entity111 secondary at local specific receptors stimulation. @entity113 is caused by the same pathologic alterations that occur in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Thus, an area involved with @entity113 has @entity4 as the prominent manifestation and appearance of the skin itself may be normal. Due to reduced nerve supply in dermis, @entity113 is associated with oppression and not @entity111 . Immunoallergological study of @entity110 and/or @entity113 was requested in 133 cases from 648 from the first @entity1 's visits to the surgery. It supposes a 20.52%. The family suspicion of etiology was food in 62 cases, chemical products in 39 cases, other factors (physical, stings, balloons and other manufactured products.) in 7 cases and 25 cases without a direct relation. Out of 100 @entity1 diagnosed of @entity113 67 was by food; the foods implicated in frequency order were: eggs and nuts, fruit, milk, vegetables, fish and shellfish. In second place, chemical products were responsible of @entity110 in 12 @entity1 ; five of them were positive in diagnosed proof (prick, oral challenge) for @entity114 and @entity115 , both from beta-lactamic group; two of them had and adverse reaction to anesthetic agents; other two cases were after administration of vaccination and due to @entity116 toxin; and three cases were due to @entity117 , confirmed by oral provocation test. In 10 @entity1 the etiological agent was latex. Other etiologies were: three cutaneous reactions after stings (two by wasps and one by mosquito) three reactions due to spices (paprika, cumin, anise, mustard) and two reactions caused by manufactures products containing additives as yellow-orange.

title: [Round Table: Immunological XXXX mediated by IgE].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'swelling']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema', 'allergic urticaria-angioedema', 'Angioedema']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['Urticaria', 'urticaria']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: Advances in knowledge in transplantation have improved 1-year renal allograft survival in all age groups of pediatric @entity1 . However, the results from many studies have shown that the long-term allograft survival is least successful in adolescent recipients. The major cause of late graft failure in adolescents can be contributed in large measure to medication noncompliance. Medication noncompliance in teenagers has been shown to be more than four times greater in adolescents than in adults. The teenage years are a time of transition from childhood to adulthood. Important tasks during this transition include the development of an autonomous identity that progresses to full independence. However, the @entity73 and intellectual maturation of adolescents are still limited, and this is particularly true in adolescents with @entity102 . They have difficulty with abstract thinking, particularly the conceptualization of future consequences of present actions. This leads to characteristic risk-taking behaviors, including noncompliance with medical treatments. This transition is more intricate for adolescents with @entity102 because of their physical limitations. There are a number of strategies that are helpful in mitigating noncompliance. Adolescents must be dealt with directly. Previous noncompliant behaviors need to be acknowledged and dealt with, because studies show that noncompliance is a "stable" personality attribute that persists over time. Efforts should be made to choose medications that have the least side effects. Psychological and @entity146 conditions such as @entity1005 require early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment. It is necessary to build rapport with teenagers, and this should start before transplantation. A multidisciplinary approach with physicians, social workers, nurses, and transplant coordinators is an effective mean of enhancing compliance. These and other strategies outlined in this discussion will enable the adolescent to achieve good compliance rates and prevent graft loss.

title: Noncompliance with immunosuppressive medications in pediatric and adolescent XXXX receiving solid-organ transplants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive skills']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of severe @entity1184 is a challenge. The limitations of most dermal pedicle techniques include insufficient breast projection with severe @entity1184 . The authors have designed a free-nipple-graft vertical technique with a superior demaglandular flap to provide acceptable breast projection and an attractive, smooth breast contour for @entity1 with severe @entity1184 and @entity21879 who are not suitable for pedicle breast reduction techniques. METHODS: Reduction was performed for 24 @entity1 with severe @entity1184 between 2003 and 2009. This study evaluated @entity1 age, cup size, mean distances from sternal notch to nipple and from nipple to inframammary fold, amount of resection, complications, and postoperative breast shape. RESULTS: All 24 @entity1 were followed regularly to 1 year postoperatively. The inclusion criteria for the reported technique specified @entity21879 larger than 1,000 g per side, grade 4 breast ptosis, and increased sternal notch-to-nipple distance. The mean distance from the sternal notch to the nipple was 48.5 cm, and the mean distance from the nipple to the inframammary fold was 19.5 cm. The new nipple was positioned at a mean of 23.5 cm. The tissue excised per breast was 1,670 g. All the @entity1 had long-lasting, pronounced nipple and adequate breast mound projection with attractive, smooth breast contours. CONCLUSION: A free-nipple graft with a superior dermaglandular flap yields a conical breast with adequate projection and fullness. Parenchyma sutures to the pectoral fascia provide long lasting results. Plastic surgeons experienced in superior pedicle breast reduction can adopt this technique easily.

title: Reduction mammaplasty using the free-nipple-graft vertical technique for severe XXXX : improved outcomes with the superior dermaglandular flap.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'mammary hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity21879 :: ('MESH:C536821', 'Disease') :: ['gigantomastia']

answer: @entity21879 :: (MESH:C536821,Disease) :: ['breast hypertrophy']


abstract: This study has tested the hypothesis that comparison of protein and mRNA expression for @entity1782 and ERbeta1 by @entity1 @entity0 provides novel information relating to the clinical and pathological characteristics of @entity1 @entity0 . Expression of @entity1782 and ERbeta1 was identified in 167 invasive @entity5 from postmenopausal @entity1 treated only with endocrine therapy. The cohort included 143 cases receiving only adjuvant @entity440 following surgery. @entity1782 and ERbeta1 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription RT-PCR and compared with clinical progression of individual @entity5 . @entity1782 protein was closely associated with the corresponding RNA detected by RT-PCR (Chi-square, P<0.001). In contrast, ERbeta1 protein and mRNA were inconsistent. Although an association was identified between @entity1782 and @entity1783 mRNAs (Chi-square, P<0.001) and between @entity1782 protein and ERbeta1 mRNA (Chi-square, P<0.027), no association was identified for the @entity1782 and ERbeta1 proteins detected by immunohistochemistry. ERbeta1 was not associated with outcome. However, in the absence of @entity1782 , ERbeta1 protein expression was associated with elevated cell proliferation. There was a trend for the ERbeta1 protein-positive cases to have a worse outcome, both within the group as a whole as well as within the @entity1782 -positive @entity440 -treated cases. This study has confirmed the hypothesis that expression of @entity1782 is an important determinant of @entity0 progression, and has further demonstrated that ERbeta1 may play a role in the response of @entity0 to endocrine therapy.

title: Wild-type oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta1) mRNA and protein expression in XXXX -treated post-menopausal @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: Glial cells in fiber tracts express various functional transmitter receptors, e.g., got @entity2227 . However, little is known about their biophysical and pharmacological profile. Using the in situ patch-clamp technique, @entity4176 - and @entity140 -induced conductance changes of glial precursor cells in the @entity35 corpus callosum were investigated to study these aspects. Precursor cells were identified by their voltage-gated currents and were easily discernable from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. @entity4176 induced two overlying effects in these cells: the activation of a cationic current and the block of @entity972 conductances. @entity5166 in the pipette solution blocked @entity972 conductances nearly completely and the ionic profile of the @entity4176 -induced cationic current could be studied in detail. Full replacement of the @entity1372 in the bath by @entity460 resulted only in a small @entity4176 -induced ( @entity460 ) inward current flow, but the @entity4176 -induced outward current carried by Cs+ was less affected reflecting a weak @entity460 permeability. The @entity4176 response could be blocked by @entity10639 ( @entity10639 ) and millimolar @entity219 concentrations. Co-application of micromolar concentrations of @entity219 slightly enhanced the @entity4176 -induced current, while Evans Blue was without any significant effect. @entity10640 increased the @entity4176 response by a factor of x6 while concanavalin A did not enlarge it. The @entity140 -induced current was amplified by a factor of x39 by @entity10640 . The present data suggested the expression of weakly @entity460 -permeable @entity140 receptors on glial precursor cells in the @entity35 corpus callosum. Only a small fraction of the agonist-induced current could be seen without the appropriate blockers of receptor desensitization. An additional expression of @entity4176 -preferring @entity2227 receptors could not be shown.

title: @entity140 -type @entity2227 receptors in glial precursor cells of the XXXX corpus callosum: ionic and pharmacological properties.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity10639 :: ('MESH:C056723', 'Chemical') :: ['DNQX', '6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['Kainate', 'kainate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity10640 :: ('MESH:C004639', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclothiazide', 'Cyclothiazide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) may cause @entity28 in the offspring. The objective was to assess the effect of treatment for mild @entity6 on the BMI of 4- to 5-year-old @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 were 199 mothers who participated in a randomized controlled trial of the treatment of mild @entity6 during pregnancy and their @entity1 . Trained nurses measured the height and weight of the @entity1 at preschool visits in a state-wide surveillance program in the state of South Australia. The main outcome measure was age- and sex-specific BMI Z score based on standards of the International Obesity Task Force. RESULTS: At birth, prevalence of @entity8455 (birth weight >or=4,000 g) was 5.3% among the 94 @entity1 whose mothers were in the intervention group, and 21.9% among the 105 @entity1 in the routine care control group. At 4- to 5-years-old, mean (SD) BMI Z score was 0.49 (1.20) in intervention @entity1 and 0.41 (1.40) among controls. The difference between treatment groups was 0.08 (95% CI -0.29 to 0.44), an estimate minimally changed by adjustment for maternal race, parity, age, and socio-economic index (0.08 [-0.29 to 0.45]). Evaluating BMI >or=85th percentile rather than continuous BMI Z score gave similarly null results. CONCLUSIONS: Although treatment of @entity6 substantially reduced @entity8455 at birth, it did not result in a change in BMI at age 4- to 5-years-old.

title: Effect of treatment of gestational @entity6 on XXXX in the next generation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Gestational diabetes mellitus', 'GDM']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: We studied the effects of @entity5716 analogue [Gln4]-neurotensin on isolated @entity235 ileal longitudinal and circular muscle strips. [Gln4]neurotensin stimulated the spontaneous contractile activity of the circular muscle but inhibited that of the longitudinal muscle in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity4033 had no effect on the spontaneous longitudinal or circular muscle contractile activity. @entity3897 and @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) both inhibited the longitudinal muscle. @entity3897 had no effect on the circular muscle, but @entity4524 stimulated it. The effects of [Gln4]neurotensin on the circular muscle were reduced but not completely abolished by @entity3897 . The inhibition of the longitudinal muscle by [Gln4]neurotensin was not reduced by any of the above antagonists but was enhanced by @entity3897 . Electrical field stimulation (10 Hz, 100 mA) stimulated the longitudinal muscle and inhibited or stimulated the circular muscle depending on the pulse width of the stimulus. These effects were unaffected by [Gln4]neurotensin. We conclude that [Gln4]neurotensin has differential effects on isolated muscle strips of the two muscle layers in the @entity235 ileum. It stimulates the circular muscle partially through cholinergic nerves at preganglionic sites and partially through a direct myogenic effect. [Gln4]neurotensin inhibits the spontaneous activity of the longitudinal muscle presumably by reducing the excitability of cholinergic nerves at postganglionic sites.

title: Differential effects of [Gln4]neurotensin on circular and longitudinal muscle of XXXX ileum in vitro.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5716 :: ('MESH:D009496', 'Chemical') :: ['neurotensin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Conditioned taste aversions induced by pairing the consumption of @entity8021 with an @entity4944 injection are attenuated in @entity35 with depletion of central @entity2661 caused by intraventricular administration of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ). The hypothesis that @entity935 (DA) depletion is responsible for this effect was tested. The reduction in conditioning caused by intraventricular @entity2955 could not be duplicated either with injections of @entity2955 into the substantia nigra (Experiment 1) or with intraventricular @entity2955 injections in animals pretreated with @entity5829 (Experiment 2). Both treatments, however, produced large depletions of telencephalic DA. 6-Hydroxydopa infusions caused a preferential loss of telencephalic @entity1063 (NE) but also failed to alter taste aversion learning. It is concluded that the effect of intraventricular @entity2955 on @entity4944 -induced aversions was the result of depletion of both NE and DA. In a third experiment the generality of the effect was examined by pairing saccharin consumption with injections of the @entity4944 congener @entity4899 . Depletion of both NE and DA failed to alter @entity4899 -induced aversions. Infusion of @entity2955 into the substantia nigra, however, retarded the extinction of such an aversion. Evidence is discussed for a peripheral site of action for @entity4899 in the conditioned aversion paradigm.

title: Depletion of central @entity2661 alters @entity4944 - and XXXX -induced taste aversions in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desmethylimipramine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity4899 :: (MESH:D005277,Chemical) :: ['fenfluramine']


abstract: Rare de novo genetic variants have been detected in a number of diseases using case-parent trios. So far, trio studies have largely been confined to early-onset diseases where parent DNA samples are readily available. To test the feasibility of finding rare de novo variants in a typical late-onset @entity179 , we compared genome-wide copy number variants (CNVs) between @entity1 with @entity4572 ( @entity4572 ) and their unaffected parents. DNA from 12 @entity4572 @entity1 and their 24 parents was analysed for CNVs using AffyMetrix SNP 6.0 microarrays and Partek software. De novo CNVs (present in @entity1 but not their parents) considered likely candidates for @entity4572 were those that overlapped with CNS-related genes, were rare, or were found in multiple @entity1 . All @entity4572 @entity1 had de novo CNVs. In 11 @entity1 , 37 de novo CNVs fulfilled one or more criteria for a candidate region. Eleven de novo CNVs overlapped with genes, some of which are in pathways suspected in the pathogenesis of @entity4572 . In conclusion, this pilot study shows that trios can be used to look for rare de novo genetic variants in @entity1 with late adult-onset @entity179 . The results suggest that further studies of this nature with larger numbers of trios are warranted, but it is unusual to find surviving parents of offspring who have a late-onset @entity179 . An international collaborative effort will therefore be needed to collect sufficient numbers of such trios to reliably detect de novo mutations underlying these diseases.

title: Using case-parent trios to look for rare de novo genetic variants in adult-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4572 :: ('MESH:C566291', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', 'SALS']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']