abstract: We have studied the effect of @entity2995 ( @entity11636 ) on airway morphogenesis of the Sprague-Dawley fetal @entity35 in whole organ lung cultures from day 15 to day 21 of equivalent gestational age (6 days in culture). @entity11636 produced an increased number of peripheral buds from day 18 onward and the airway and airspaces had larger lumens. Airway branching was increased compared to controls, and there was a higher proportion of airway epithelium and a lower proportion of mesenchyme. Cell height was significantly lower in @entity11636 treated lungs except on day 17. This was due to accumulation of glycogen prior to the increased branching activity. In both controls and @entity11636 -treated lungs, peripheral bud number and volume proportion of epithelium increased with time in culture, whereas volume proportion of mesenchyme, mean chord length of airways and airspaces, and epithelial cell height decreased. These changes were more pronounced in the @entity11636 -treated group and were significant. However, @entity11636 -treated lungs were morphologically irregular. We conclude that @entity11636 has a direct effect on airway morphogenesis and it promotes growth of morphologically abnormal lungs. @entity11636 also appears to enhance airway branching and morphologic changes interpreted as increased epithelial maturation.

title: The in vitro effect of XXXX on branching morphogenesis in the fetal @entity35 lung.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the efficacy of autologous fat grafting to the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) as an adjunct to prosthetic joint reconstruction in preventing @entity82 and heterotopic bone formation and determined its effects on @entity86 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 (2 male, 13 female) underwent @entity1348 reconstruction with Techmedica (Techmedica, Inc, Camarillo, CA) custommade total joint prostheses. Seven @entity1 had bilateral and eight had unilateral surgery, for a total of 22 joints. All @entity1 had autologous fat from the abdomen grafted around the articulating portion of the joint prostheses after the fossa and mandibular components had been stabilized. Twenty @entity1 (2 male, 18 female) without fat grafts served as controls. There were 17 bilateral and 3 unilateral cases, for a total of 37 joints. These were the last 20 @entity1 with adequate data available for inclusion treated before @entity1 receiving primary fat grafting as part of the joint reconstruction. RESULTS: In the control group, the average preoperative maximum interincisal opening (MIO) was 26.8 mm, and at long-term follow-up it was 33.1 mm. Contralateral excursive movements averaged 3.2 mm preoperatively and 1.7 mm at long-term follow-up. In the fat graft group, average preoperative MIO was 26.9 mm, and at long-term follow-up it was 38.7 mm. Contralateral excursive movements averaged 2.3 mm preoperatively and 2.2 mm at long-term follow-up. The differences in measured function between the two groups were found to be statistically significant (P < or = .01). Although both groups experienced a significant decrease in @entity158 , there was no significant difference noted in the @entity1 ' perception of their level of @entity158 at long-term follow-up as expressed on visual analog scale evaluations. There was no radiographic or clinical evidence of heterotopic @entity730 or limitation of mobility secondary to @entity82 in any of the experimental groups, whereas seven control @entity1 (35%) exhibited this phenomenon and required reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous fat transplantation appears to be a useful adjunct to prosthetic @entity1348 reconstruction. Its use appears to minimize the occurrence of @entity82 and @entity730 , consequently providing improved range of motion.

title: Autologous fat transplantation around XXXX total joint prostheses: preliminary treatment outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'excessive joint fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic calcification', 'calcifications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative joint mobility']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: The @entity1 apical @entity1372 -dependent @entity6741 transporter ( @entity21514 ) is a potential target for drug delivery, but an understanding of @entity21514 substrate requirements is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of ionic character and steric bulk in the C-24 region of @entity6741 conjugates in governing interaction with @entity21514 . Ionic character was studied using @entity10140 ( @entity13656 ) conjugates of @entity367 and @entity376 , which varied in charge (monoanionic, dianionic, cationic, neutral, and zwitterionic) and location of charge (proximal or distal to C-24). Steric effects were evaluated using @entity13507 conjugates that varied in ester substituent size ( @entity5498 , @entity37933 , and @entity56505 ) and location (proximal and/or distal). Conjugate interaction with @entity21514 was assessed via transport and inhibition studies, using a @entity21514 -MDCK monolayer. Monoanionic, cationic, and neutral conjugates of @entity13656 exhibited high inhibitory potency (Ki<10 microM). High inhibition potency of neutral and cationic conjugates indicated that a negative charge is not essential for @entity21514 binding. Dianionic conjugates exhibited low inhibition potency (Ki>100 microM). Conjugates with a single bulky ester substituent proximal or distal to the C-24 region exhibited high inhibition potency. However, two bulky substituents practically abolished interaction. In transport studies, monoanionic conjugates were high affinity @entity21514 substrates. Meanwhile, cationic and zwitterionic conjugates were not substrates for @entity21514 . Overall, C-24 ionic character influenced interaction with @entity21514 . Although the presence of a single negative charge was not essential for interaction with @entity21514 , monoanionic conjugates were favored for @entity21514 -mediated transport compared to cationic and zwitterionic conjugates.

title: Influence of charge and steric bulk in the C-24 region on the interaction of bile acids with @entity1 apical @entity1372 -dependent XXXX transporter.

entities_list: @entity56505 :: ('CHEBI:30355', 'Chemical') :: ['tert-butyl']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholate']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: @entity5 cells produce high amounts of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and evade apoptosis. @entity8415 support proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis, but at higher levels induce apoptosis, thus being pro- and anti-carcinogenic. Accordingly, @entity2041 peroxidases (GPxs) regulating @entity273 levels might have dual roles too. @entity35145 , clearly an antioxidant enzyme, is down-regulated in many @entity5 cells. Its main role would be prevention of @entity5 initiation by ROS-mediated DNA damage. @entity52483 is up-regulated in @entity5 cells. @entity35145 / @entity52483 double knockout @entity19 develop @entity1960 and @entity5 . However, @entity52483 knockdown @entity5 cells grow better in vitro and in vivo probably reflecting the physiological role of @entity52483 in intestinal mucosa homeostasis. @entity52483 counteracts @entity10178 expression and @entity1421 production, which explains its potential to inhibit migration and invasion of cultured @entity5 cells. Overexpression of @entity52484 inhibits @entity5 growth and @entity3 . @entity40078 is decreased in @entity5 tissues. @entity40078 -overexpressing @entity5 cells have low @entity10178 activity and @entity5 derived therefrom are smaller than from control cells and do not metastasize. Collectively, GPxs prevent @entity5 initiation by removing @entity8415 . @entity40078 inhibits but @entity52483 supports growth of established @entity5 . @entity3 , but also apoptosis, is inhibited by all GPxs. @entity20672 -mediated regulation of COX/LOX activities may be relevant to early stages of inflammation-mediated @entity105 .

title: @entity2041 peroxidases in different stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroperoxides', 'hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'intestinal cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of systemic @entity5803 ( @entity7222 ) in sites with or without subgingival debridement in early-onset @entity2521 (EOP) @entity1 . METHODS: Two pooled bacterial samples consisting of 4 sites each (scaled and non-scaled sites) were obtained from 30 individuals exhibiting EOP. All @entity1 received oral hygiene instruction (OHI), @entity2653 and @entity7222 . Subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) was carried out only in scaled sites. Bacterial samples were taken at @entity23690 , 6, and 12 months after systemic @entity5803 administration (500 mg/bid for 7 days). One more sample was taken at scaled sites, one week after SRP. RESULTS: One week following SRP (scaled sites) Gram-negative facultative and anaerobic rods were significantly reduced while Gram-positive facultative cocci were significantly increased. After @entity7222 administration, @entity2523 , @entity14262 , @entity3288 , @entity3289 , C. rectus, and @entity45075 were no longer detectable in either scaled or non-scaled sites. A statistically significant long-term (2, 6, and 12 months) reduction of @entity2523 , @entity3288 , P. loescheii, @entity3289 , and C. rectus and a pronounced increase of S. milleri, @entity9858 , and @entity885 counts in both scaled and non-scaled sites were detected in comparison to baseline. A sustained reduction of @entity548 tendency and of probing depth was also observed in both scaled and non-scaled sites. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7222 combined with SRP effects beneficial shifts in the bacterial population associated with substantial clinical improvement, thereby indicating that @entity7222 is effective adjunct in the treatment of EOP deep periodontal pockets where anaerobic bacteria are predominant.

title: The clinical and microbiological effects of systemic @entity5803 in sites with and without subgingival debridement in early-onset @entity2521 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['supragingival scaling']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity23690 :: ('23705', 'Gene') :: ['baseline (BL) and 1 week and 2']

entities_list: @entity5803 :: ('MESH:D009950', 'Chemical') :: ['ornidazole']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Preclinical findings suggest that adding targeted therapies to combination radiation-chemotherapy can enhance treatment efficacy; however, this approach may enhance normal tissue @entity137 . We investigated the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting @entity137 , and response rate when the selective @entity3840 inhibitor @entity12698 is added to concurrent @entity2600 , @entity900 , and radiation therapy for @entity1 with inoperable stage II-III @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighteen @entity1 were analyzed in a phase I clinical dose-escalation trial. @entity12698 was given daily beginning 5   days before radiation followed by maintenance doses for 12   weeks. @entity137 was graded with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V3.0 and response with the World Health Organization system. Primary endpoints were maximum tolerated dose of @entity12698 and treatment @entity137 ; secondary endpoints were response and survival rates. RESULTS: The maximum tolerated dose of @entity12698 was not reached, in part owing to discontinuation of the drug supply. At doses of 200 or 400   mg/day, no @entity1 experienced any dose-limiting @entity137 (acute grade >= 4 @entity2910 or @entity55 , @entity221 or @entity882 requiring transfusion, or acute grade >= 3 @entity294 ). Grade 3 @entity137 were @entity1431 (five @entity1 ), fatigue (3), @entity55 (2), @entity1353 (1), @entity158 (1), and esophageal stricture (1). Interestingly, @entity3794 (a late @entity137 ) was no more severe in the higher-dose (400-mg) group and may have been less common than in the lower-dose group. The clinical response rate was 100% (8 complete, 10 partial). Two-year rates were: overall survival 65%; local-regional control 69%; distant metastasis-free survival 71%; and disease-free survival 64%. CONCLUSION: Although preliminary, our results suggest that adding @entity12698 to concurrent chemoradiation for inoperable @entity1149 is safe and can improve outcome without increasing normal tissue @entity137 .

title: Phase I study of XXXX with concurrent irinotecan, @entity900 , and radiation therapy for @entity1 with unresectable locally advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: There have been many efforts to recover neuronal function from @entity1566 , but there are some limitations in the treatment of @entity1566 . The neural stem cell has been noted for its pluripotency to differentiate into various neural cell types. The @entity1 umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBs) are more pluripotent and genetically flexible than bone marrow neural stem cells. The HUCBs could be more frequently used for @entity1566 treatment in the future. Moderate degree spinal cord injured @entity35 were classified into 3 subgroups, group A: media was injected into the @entity1566 site, group B: HUCBs were transplanted into the @entity1566 site, and group C: HUCBs with @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) were transplanted into the @entity1566 site. We checked the BBB scores to evaluate the functional recovery in each group at 8 weeks after transplantation. We then, finally checked the neural cell differentiation with double immunofluorescence staining, and we also analyzed the axonal regeneration with retrograde labelling of brain stem neurons by using fluorogold. The HUCBs transplanted group improved, more than the control group at every week after transplantation, and also, the @entity2136 enabled an improvement of the BBB locomotion scores since the 1 week after its application (P<0.05). 8 weeks after transplantation, the HUCBs with @entity2136 transplanted group had more greatly improved BBB scores, than the other groups (P<0.001). The transplanted HUCBs were differentiated into various neural cells, which were confirmed by double immunofluorescence staining of @entity1603 and @entity40 _ @entity19744 staining. The HUCBs and @entity2136 each have individual positive effects on axonal regeneration. The HUCBs can differentiate into neural cells and induce motor function improvement in the cord injured @entity35 models. Especially, the @entity2136 has effectiveness for neurological function improvement due to axonal regeneration in the early @entity1566 stage. Thus the HUCBs and @entity2136 have recovery effects of a moderate degree for cord injured @entity35 .

title: Functional recovery after XXXX umbilical cord blood cells transplantation with @entity2136 into the spinal cord injured @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'Brain-derived neutrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury', 'cord injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a pH-sensitive, polymer-coated oral preparation of @entity2983 in @entity1 with mildly to moderately active @entity31 . DESIGN: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. SETTING: Five university-based medical centers, one @entity29 center, and three private practice sites. @entity1 : A total of 158 @entity1 with newly or previously diagnosed active @entity31 . INTERVENTION: A pH-sensitive, polymer-coated oral preparation of @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) was used at 1.6 and 2.4 g/d for 6 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy was measured by scores for stool frequency, @entity548 , @entity1 's functional assessment, sigmoidoscopic findings, and physician's global assessment. Stringent criteria for disease activity were established prospectively. RESULTS: The analysis of protocol-compliant @entity1 showed a significant improvement at 3 weeks in @entity1 taking 2.4 g/d of @entity2983 compared with @entity1 taking placebo (32% versus 9%; P = 0.003). At 6 weeks, both the 1.6 g/d (43%) and 2.4 g/d (49%) doses were significantly superior to placebo (23%) (P = 0.03 and P = 0.003, respectively). In addition, more @entity1 worsened in the placebo group compared with the 2.4 g/d group (50% versus 19%; P = 0.003); however, there was no statistically significant difference in worsening between the 1.6 g/d @entity2983 group and the placebo group. The oral @entity2983 tablet was well tolerated, and no clinically significant changes were observed in hematologic, hepatic, or renal laboratory profiles. CONCLUSION: Colon-targeted oral @entity2983 at 2.4 g/d is effective therapy for mildly to moderately active @entity31 . It is well tolerated and should provide a viable therapeutic alternative to @entity3378 .

title: Oral @entity2983 ( XXXX ) for mildly to moderately active @entity31 . A multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'mesalamine']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['Asacol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 is common and treatable, but detection and control remain a major health challenge. This study sought to determine population trends in blood pressure and in the control of @entity101 in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area (2010 population, 2.85 million) from 1980 to 2009. METHODS AND RESULTS: Surveys of risk factors were performed every 5 years among randomly selected adults aged 25 to 74 years. Data on @entity101 knowledge and use of medications were collected by interview. Blood pressure was measured by standardized methods, with @entity101 defined as blood pressure >= 140 mm Hg systolic and/or 90 mm Hg diastolic or controlled at <140 and/or 90 mm Hg with medications. Six surveys included 11 192 @entity1 and 12 795 @entity1 . Mean systolic blood pressure fell from 124.9 mm Hg in 1980 to 1982 to 121.1 mm Hg in 2007 to 2009 for @entity1 (P<0.0001) and from 120.1 to 114.7 mm Hg for @entity1 (P<0.0001). Similar trends for diastolic blood pressure were observed. The percentage of adults with uncontrolled blood pressure (>= 140 and/or 90 mm Hg) with or without medication use fell from 20.3% to 5.8% (P<0.001) for @entity1 and from 13.1% to 2.7% (P<0.0001) for women. Antihypertensive medication use rose to >50% among all adults aged 55 to 74 years. Sixty-six percent of @entity1 and 72% of @entity1 with @entity101 had their @entity101 treated or controlled by 2007 to 2009. A majority of the decline in mean population blood pressure was the result of control with aggressive use of antihypertensive drugs. @entity64 mortality in this population fell in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity101 detection and control in this community is among the highest observed in a US population and already exceeds Healthy @entity1 2020 goals.

title: Trends in blood pressure and XXXX detection, treatment, and control 1980 to 2009: the Minnesota Heart Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Various types of studies in @entity1 and animals suggest strongly that HDL is anti-atherogenic. The anti-atherogenic potential of HDL is thought to be due to its participation in reverse @entity165 transport, the process by which @entity165 is removed from non-hepatic cells and transported to the liver for elimination from the body. Extensive studies in cell culture systems have demonstrated that HDL is an important mediator of @entity5068 transport between cells and the plasma compartment. The topic of this review is the mechanisms that account for @entity5068 movement between HDL and cells. The most prominent and easily measured aspect of @entity5068 movement between HDL and cells is the rapid bidirectional transfer of @entity165 between the lipoprotein and the plasma membrane. This movement occurs by unmediated diffusion, and in most situations its rate in each direction is limited by the rate of desorption of @entity5068 molecules from the donor surface into the adjacent water phase. The net transfer of @entity5068 mass out of cells occurs when there is either a relative enrichment of @entity5068 within the plasma membrane or a depletion of @entity5068 in HDL. Recent studies suggest that certain minor subfractions of HDL (with pre-beta mobility on agarose gel electrophoresis and containing apoprotein A-I but no @entity3294 ) are unusually efficient at promoting efflux of cell @entity5068 . To what extent efflux to these HDL fractions is balanced by influx from the lipoprotein has not yet been established clearly. The prevention and reversal of @entity731 require the mobilization of @entity165 from internal (non-plasma membrane) cellular locations. To some extent, this may involve the retroendocytosis of HDL. However, most mobilization probably involves the transport of internal @entity5068 to the plasma membrane, followed by desorption to extracellular HDL. Several laboratories are investigating the transport of @entity5068 from intracellular locations to the plasma membrane. Studies on biosynthetic @entity5068 (probably originating mostly in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum) suggest that there is rapid transport to the plasma membrane in lipid-rich vesicles. Important features of this transport are that it bypasses the Golgi apparatus and may be positively regulated by the specific binding of HDL to the plasma membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX transport between cells and high-density lipoproteins.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: This study compared the efficacy of a new topical agent (IPARZINE-4A-SKR) on preventing category I pressure @entity1066 (PUs) over a 2-week period, compared with a placebo. A double-blind, randomised, multi-centre, placebo-controlled clinical trial in two parallel groups was conducted. The primary objective was to compare PU incidence between groups. Hospital and socio-sanitary centre @entity1 (n = 194) at risk of developing a PU (Braden scale) were randomised into two groups. The intervention group included 99 @entity1 , and the placebo group comprised 95 @entity1 . @entity1 were comparable in terms of age, sex and PU risk. In both groups, @entity1 had a high risk of developing PUs. The product was applied on the sacrum, trochanters and heels. Six PUs (incidence = 6  1%) were detected in the intervention group versus seven (incidence = 7  4%) in the placebo group. Differences were not statistically significant (z = 0  08; P = 0  94), relative risk = 0  82 (95% confidence interval = 0  29   2  36). The main limitation of the study was the sample size and, therefore, the main difficulty encountered was in determining whether the product is ineffective or simply has not been used with sufficient @entity1 . In conclusion, it is not possible to confirm that there are any differences between the studied and the placebo treatments in the prevention of PUs. The results obtained were similar to those obtained in studies of PU prevention using products based on topical @entity1718 .

title: IPARZINE-SKR study: randomized, double-blind clinical trial of a new topical product versus placebo to prevent pressure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was a histologic evaluation of placentas and chorions from pregnancies complicated by @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) and inherited @entity49 in @entity1 treated with anticoagulants and in a group of @entity1 without the anticoagulant treatment. MATERIAL: 24 placentas from 18 @entity1 with acquired and inherited @entity49 and 23 chorions from 19 @entity2208 in @entity1 with the same diagnosis were included in the study There were 33 chorions from @entity2208 from healthy @entity1 and 25 placentas from uneventful pregnancies in the control group. Biopsies from placentas and chorions were stained with @entity1711 and @entity1710 and evaluated for the presence of villous @entity715 , fibrin deposits, intraplacental @entity1410 , @entity715 in fetal circulation and other histological findings. RESULTS: In the placentas from pregnancies complicated with @entity1701 and inherited @entity49 , the presence of fibrin deposits in the basal and villous plate, @entity3179 in the fetal circulation and @entity715 in the villous plate and villous vessels, were statistically more frequent (p < 0,001) comparing with physiological pregnancies. In the material from @entity2208 the presence of fibrin deposits was statistically more common (p < 0,001) in @entity1 with @entity49 . The number of physiological findings in placentas of @entity1 treated with anticoagulants in pregnancy and in the non-treated ones, whose pregnancies resulted in fetal demise, were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Fibrin deposits between villi and villous plate are the most recognizable features in placentas and chorions from @entity1701 pregnancies 2. In @entity1 with @entity1701 impaired trophoblast invasion seems to be the most likely cause of recurrent @entity2208 3. Anticoagulant therapy does not prevent either fibrin deposits collection or other placental changes

title: [Histologic changes in placenta and chorion of women with @entity1701 and inherited XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriages']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['thrombophilia']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">RACK1, receptor @entity35042 ctivated protein kinase C, serves as an anchor in multiple signaling pathways. TIMAP, TGF-b inh @entity53727 d @entity2533 ane-associated protein, is most abundant in endothelial cells with a regulatory effect on the endothelial barrier function. The interaction of TIMAP with prote @entity53727 osphatase 1 (PP1c  ) was char @entity8662 rized, yet little is known about its further partners. RESULTS: We identified two novel interacting partners of RACK1, namely, T @entity35042 inhibited @entity2533 ane-associated protein, TIMAP, and farne @entity53727 ransfe @entity11349 MAP is most ab @entity53727 t in endothelial cells where it is involved in the regulation of the barrier function. WD1-4 repeats of RACK1 were ident @entity35042 as critical regions of the interaction both with TIMAP and farnes @entity53727 ansfe @entity11349 osphorylation of TIMAP by activat @entity53727 f the cAMP/PKA pathway @entity268 uced the amount of TIMAP-RACK1 comp @entity53727 n @entity35042 anced translocation of TIMAP to the cel @entity53727 brane in vascular endothelial cells. However, both membrane localization of TIMAP and transe @entity53727 elial resistance were attenuated after RACK1 depletion. @entity35042 esyl transfe @entity11349 e enzyme responsible for prenylation and consequent membrane localization of TIMAP, is presen @entity53727 the RACK1-TIMAP comp @entity35042 n @entity53727 rol cells, but it does not co-immunoprecipitate with TIMAP after RACK @entity53727 letion. @entity35042 LUSIONS: Transient parallel linkage of TIMAP and farnes @entity53727 ansfe @entity11349 RACK1 could ensu @entity35042 enylation and transport of TIMAP to the pla @entity53727 embrane where it may attend in maintaining the endothelial barrier as a phosphatase regulator.

title: XXXX is involved in endothelial barrier regulation via its two novel interacting partners.

entities_list: @entity11349 :: ('CHEBI:24017', 'Chemical') :: ['Farnesyl', 'farnesyl']

answer: @entity35042 :: (10399,Gene) :: ['RACK1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the safety and efficacy of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) (filgrastim) in the treatment of @entity1583 has been well established, to the authors' knowledge the optimal timing of filgrastim administration during remission induction chemotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy has not been determined. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether a delay in the administration of filgrastim from Day 5 to Day 10 during chemotherapy with a hyper-CVAD ( @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity619 ) regimen resulted in a longer time to neutrophil or platelet count recovery or increased the incidence of @entity281 . METHODS: One hundred ninety-nine @entity1 who achieved complete disease remission after a single course of induction chemotherapy were considered for evaluation. Induction chemotherapy was with hyper-CVAD (fractionated @entity786 , 300 mg/m2, twice daily for Days 1-3; @entity632 , 50 g/m2, on Day 4; @entity1891 , 2 mg, on Days 4 and 11; and @entity619 , 40 mg, on Days 1-4 and Days 11-14), which also was given in odd-numbered consolidation Courses 3, 5, and 7. Even-numbered courses (Courses 2, 4, 6, and 8) were comprised of @entity1499 , 200 mg/m2, over 2 hours followed by 800 mg/m2 over 24 hours on Day 1; @entity2592 , 3 g/m2, every 12 hours for 4 doses over 2 days (Days 2 and 3); and intravenous @entity1667 , 50 mg, twice daily on Days 1-3 ( @entity1500 /ara-C regimen). Two sequential treatment groups were assessable based on timing of the filgrastim administration; 151 @entity1 received filgrastim starting on Day 5 (D5) of induction chemotherapy and 48 @entity1 received filgrastim starting on Day 10 (D10). RESULTS: Time to neutrophil recovery was shorter for the D5 group than for the D10 group during induction chemotherapy (18 days vs. 19 days; P = 0.04) and hyper-CVAD Courses 3 and 5 (12 days vs. 15 days during Course 3, P < 0.001; and 13 days vs. 16 days during Course 5, P = 0.002). There was no apparent significant difference between the two groups with regard to time to neutrophil recovery during the @entity1500 /ara-C courses or the last hyper-CVAD course. Delay in the administration of filgrastim did not appear to result in an increase in time to platelet count recovery or in the incidence of @entity281 ; however, there was an increased incidence of @entity33 during induction chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: For a hyper-CVAD and @entity1500 /ara-C regimen, the results of the current study have shown that the administration of filgrastim can be delayed until Day 10 without increasing the risk of treatment-related morbidity during consolidation chemotherapy. During induction chemotherapy, delay in the administration of filgrastim may result in a slight increase in the time to neutrophil count recovery and risk of @entity33 , but there is no apparent associated increase in the risk of @entity281 .

title: Comparison of two different schedules of @entity1261 during treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia with a hyper-CVAD ( XXXX , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity619 ) regimen.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Importance: An escalating incidence of @entity1082 )-related @entity957 ( @entity957 ) has been reported predominantly among middle-aged adults. However, @entity1083 is believed to occur many years before @entity5 develops, and tissue studies suggest that HPV DNA is found in the majority of @entity957 diagnosed in @entity1 65 years or older. Objective: To update the trends in @entity957 incidence using US @entity5 registry data, with an emphasis on age-specific trends. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000-2012) were queried to compare changes in incidence and survival trends in @entity957 with selected @entity286 -related @entity5 (larynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx, lung) and an HPV-related @entity5 (anus). A total of 40   264 @entity1 who received a diagnosis of @entity957 from 2000 to 2012 were included. Elderly @entity1 were defined as those 65 years or older. Main Outcomes and Measures: The @entity1987 in @entity957 incidence from 2000 to 2012, stratified according to age group. Results: Among the 40 264 @entity1 who received a diagnosis of @entity957 from 2000 to 2012, 13 313 (33.1%) were aged 65 years or older and 80.3% were male. Significant increases in the age-adjusted incidence of @entity957 were observed during the study period for both younger adults aged 45 to 64 years ( @entity1987 [ @entity1987 ], 2.31; 95% CI, 1.76-2.86; P   <   .001) and @entity1 65 years or older ( @entity1987 , 2.92; 95% CI, 2.32-3.51; P   <   .001). These changes were driven predominantly by base-of-tongue and @entity5 in @entity1 . Concomitantly, the incidence of @entity286 -associated head and neck @entity5 decreased for elderly @entity1 (larynx: @entity1987 , -1.54; 95% CI, -2.00 to -1.08; P   <   .001; oral cavity: @entity1987 , -1.23; 95% CI, -1.84 to -0.62; P   =   .001; hypopharynx: @entity1987 , -2.44; 95% CI, -3.01 to -1.86; P   <   .001), whereas the incidence of @entity5 significantly increased ( @entity1987 , 4.42; 95% CI, 3.28 to 5.57; P   <   .001). Furthermore, improved overall and cause-specific survival over time were observed for both younger and elderly @entity1 with @entity957 . Nevertheless, absolute cause-specific survival remained worse for elderly @entity1 (3-year CSS, 60.8%; 95% CI, 59.6%-61.9%) in comparison with those aged 45 to 64 years (75.7%; 95% CI, 75.1%-76.4%; P   <   .001). Conclusions and Relevance: The incidence of @entity957 is increasing among elderly @entity1 in the United States, likely driven by HPV-associated @entity5 . Given the unique challenges related to treating elderly @entity1 with @entity957 , their limited enrollment in clinical trials, and the aging US population, clinical studies investigating improved therapeutic strategies for elderly @entity1 with HPV-positive @entity957 should be performed.

title: Incidence of @entity5 Among Elderly XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['annual percentage change', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'anal cancer', 'tonsil cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPSCC', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The incidence of @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is 15-25% with @entity902 and @entity6023 . @entity1897 can be permanent and often requires dose reduction or change in chemotherapy. @entity4162 (ALCAR), an ester of @entity6211 , is used to treat @entity1897 in @entity1 and in animal models. The goals of this study are: 1) examine the effects of ALCAR on @entity43 cells, 2) determine if ALCAR affects the @entity137 of standard chemotherapy on @entity43 cells. METHODS: OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 @entity43 lines were incubated in ALCAR containing media. Viability, proliferation, and expression of the @entity7169 ( @entity7169 ) @entity2250 and @entity10733 were determined by flow cytometry. @entity137 assays examining ALCAR's effect on @entity1311 and @entity3003 were done by flow cytometry and infrared plate-reader. RESULTS: Flow cytometry showed no change in percent live (p = 0.87) or proliferation (p = 0.95) of @entity1 cells when comparing controls with up to 100 microM ALCAR. However, there was a slight but significant decrease in the proliferation of SKOV-3 cells incubated at higher ALCAR concentrations (p = < 0.01). Flow cytometry showed no difference in the viability of @entity1 cells when comparing ALCAR: +/- @entity1311 (p = 1), +/- @entity3003 (p = 0.8), or both (p = 0.4). Proliferation assays indicated that @entity1311 's @entity137 on @entity1 and SKOV-3 cells was unchanged at higher ALCAR concentrations (p = < 0.01-0.4). ALCAR did not affect the expression of @entity7169 on @entity1 or SKOV-3 cells. CONCLUSION: ALCAR does not affect the @entity137 of @entity1311 or @entity3003 . There was no increase in proliferation, or @entity7169 of @entity1 or SKOV-3 cells exposed to ALCAR.

title: Effect of @entity4162 on @entity43 cells' proliferation, @entity7169 ( @entity2250 and @entity10733 ) expression, and the cytotoxic potential of @entity1311 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity7169 :: ('4804', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor receptors', 'NGFR']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['l-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity4162 :: ('MESH:D000108', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetyl-l-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy', 'CIPN']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: We conducted a phase 1 trial of direct injection of an E1, E3-deleted adenovirus encoding @entity1199 (AdCAIL-2) into subcutaneous deposits of @entity320 or @entity0 . Twenty-three @entity1 were injected at seven dose levels (10(7)-10(10) p.f.u). Local @entity32 was observed at the site of injection in 60% of @entity1 , but side-effects were otherwise minor. Incomplete local @entity5 regression occurred at the site of injection in 24% of @entity1 , but no conventional clinical responses were seen. Circulating @entity404 and @entity405 counts fell significantly 24 h after injection. Post-injection biopsies demonstrated @entity5 @entity39 and @entity2617 with the predominant @entity5 -infiltrating cells both CD3- and @entity405 -positive. Vector-derived sequences were detected in 14 of 18 biopsies examined 7 days after injection and vector-derived @entity1199 mRNA was detected in 80% of 7-day biopsies processed after injection of 10(8) p.f.u. of AdCAIL-2 or higher. While @entity1199 was detectable by ELISA in @entity5 biopsies at 48 h, no protein was detectable in injected @entity5 after 7 days and no circulating @entity1199 was detectable at any time-point. No Ad5E1 sequences were detected either before or after injection indicating absence of replication-competent virus or endogenous E1-like sequence; furthermore, only rare vector shedding was detected. Anti-adenovirus and neutralizing antibody titers were elevated 1 month after injection in all @entity1 . This trial therefore confirms the safety of use of adenoviral vectors for gene delivery in @entity1 and demonstrates successful transgene expression even in the face of pre-existing immunity to adenovirus.

title: Adenovector-mediated gene delivery of @entity1199 in metastatic @entity0 and XXXX : results of a phase 1 clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The esterification of condensed castor oil @entity1718 with @entity28844 gives a powerful water-in-oil emulsifier which is used by the food industry in tin-greasing emulsions and as an emulsifier with lecithin in @entity6353 couverture and block @entity6353 . A safety evaluation programme was undertaken in the late 1950s and early 1960s to determine whether this food emulsifier @entity56253 (PGPR). (Quest International trade name ADMUL WOL) presented any health implications for consumers. This programme included acute @entity137 tests, subacute @entity35 and @entity1573 @entity137 studies, a @entity35 chronic @entity137 /multigeneration reproduction study, rodent metabolism, carcinogenicity testing in @entity35 and @entity19 and a @entity1 clinical evaluation. PGPR was found to be 98% digested by @entity35 and utilized as a source of energy superior to starch and nearly equivalent to groundnut oil. There was no interference with normal fat metabolism in @entity35 or in the utilization of fat-soluble vitamins. Despite the intimate relationship with fat metabolism, no evidence was found of any adverse effects on such vital processes as growth, reproduction and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. PGPR was not carcinogenic in either 2-year @entity35 or 80-week @entity19 feeding studies. The @entity1 studies showed no adverse effects on tolerance, @entity8 , and fat balance at levels up to 10 g/day PGPR. The acceptable daily intake for PGPR which was set by JECFA in 1974 and the EC/ @entity7418 in 1979 is 7.5 mg/kg body weight/day. The UK FAC in 1992 estimated that the maximum per capita mean daily intake of PGPR is 2.64 mg/kg body weight/day. It can be concluded that the use of ADMUL WOL brand of PGPR in tin-greasing emulsions or in @entity6353 couverture does not constitute a @entity1 health hazard.

title: Overview of the preparation, use and biological studies on XXXX (PGPR).

entities_list: @entity56253 :: ('MESH:C029243', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycerol polyricinoleate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['liver and kidney function']

entities_list: @entity28844 :: ('MESH:C043941', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycerol']

answer: @entity56253 :: (MESH:C029243,Chemical) :: ['polyglycerol polyricinoleate']


abstract: The prognostic value of peripheral blood non-MHC-restricted @entity137 against the myeloid leukaemic line K562 in @entity2 @entity1 was studied. At the time of diagnosis and before operation, 57 @entity1 with @entity2 were tested for @entity137 and subsequently followed for up to 4 years. In addition, 145 @entity2 @entity1 , 30 @entity1 with non-neoplastic @entity358 and 76 healthy donors were tested for @entity137 without the follow-up, in order to correlate the @entity5 and the growth rate of @entity5 to the level of non-MHC-restricted @entity137 . On average, @entity2 @entity1 had similar non-MHC-restricted @entity137 to the controls. However, @entity1 with stage II-IV diseases showed an impaired activity, stages III and IV differing significantly from the controls. This result shows that the decline in natural killer (NK) activity is associated with @entity5 burden. @entity1 with slowly growing @entity5 had stronger cytotoxic activity than @entity1 with fast or moderately progressing disease. In the follow-up study, the whole material of 57 @entity1 showed only a slight correlation between @entity137 and survival: 42% of the @entity1 with strong activity survived for more than 2.5 years, whereas 6% of the @entity1 with weak activity did so. In stage I @entity1 there was no correlation between @entity137 and survival, nor was there a correlation in @entity1 with stages II-IV of the disease. Hence, in our group of @entity1 the determination of @entity137 preoperatively yielded no prognostic information beyond that already available from staging. However, those stage II-IV @entity1 that survived for 1 year or more after the diagnosis and @entity137 tests, showed a significant correlation between @entity137 and survival.

title: Prognostic value of non-MHC-restricted killer cell activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage of lung cancer', 'tumours', 'neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: A series of 21 N-substituted phenoxazines has been synthesized in an effort to find more specific and less toxic modulators of multidrug resistance (MDR) in @entity5 chemotherapy. Thus, N-(omega-chloroalkyl)- and N-(chloroacyl)phenoxazines were found to undergo iodide-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution on reaction with various secondary amines, including N,N-diethylamine, N,N-diethanolamine, morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine and (beta-hydroxyethyl)piperazine. Products were characterized by UV, IR, 1H-, and 13C-NMR, mass spectral data, and elemental analyses. All of the compounds were examined for @entity137 and for their ability to increase the accumulation of the vinca alkaloids, vincristine (VCR) and vinblastine (VLB) in multidrug-resistant GC3/Cl ( @entity1 @entity694 ) and KBChR-8-5 (HeLa variant) cell lines. Compounds were compared to the standard modulator verapamil (VRP). Substitutions on the phenoxazine ring at position 10 were associated with an increase in antiproliferative and anti-MDR activities. Modification of the length of the alkyl bridge and the type of amino side chain also influenced the potency of these effects. From among the compounds examined, 10 derivatives were found to increase the accumulation of VCR and VLB in GC3/Cl and KBChR-8-5 cells relative to the effect of VRP, suggesting that with the exception of pyrrolidinyl, the tertiary amine attachments to the phenoxazine nucleus linked through a three- or four-carbon alkyl chain resulted in enhanced anti-MDR activity. On the basis of their 50% growth inhibitory (IC50) values, five of the ten compounds, namely, 10-(3'-chloropropyl)phenoxazine, 10-[3'-[N-bis(hydroxyethyl)- amino]propyl]phenoxazine, 10-(3'-N-morpholinopropyl)phenoxazine, 10-(4'-N-morpholinobutyl)phenoxazine and 10-(N-piperidinoacetyl)phenoxazine were selected as relatively nontoxic chemosensitizers. These modulators, at nontoxic concentrations, potentiated the @entity137 of VCR and VLB in GC3/Cl and KBChR-8-5 cells. Further, two compounds 10-(3'-N-morpholinopropyl)phenoxazine, and the butyl derivative, enhanced accumulation of VLB in GC3/Cl, KBChR8-5 and highly resistant @entity1 cells to a level significantly greater than the maximal level achieved with VRP. Additional experiments to understand the mechanism of action of these agents in modulating MDR are in progress.

title: Synthesis and chemical characterization of N-substituted phenoxazines directed toward reversing vinca alkaloid resistance in multidrug-resistant XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of long-term (3.2 years) @entity353 on serum levels of the nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors interleukin (IL)-18 and @entity1495 . Moreover, we wanted to assess the significance of the magnitude of the @entity353 and evaluate the potential effects of 36 months of treatment with the lipase inhibitor @entity350 on these parameters. Sixty-eight abdominally @entity28 subjects completed 8 weeks of very low energy diet (600-800 kcal/d) followed by 36 months of randomized treatment with either @entity350 or placebo together with lifestyle intervention. Serum levels of @entity8923 , @entity1495 , and leptin were measured by flowmetric xMAP technology (Luminex, Austin, TX). Changes in the levels of @entity8923 , @entity1495 , and leptin were similar in the @entity350 and the placebo group during this study. Thus, the 2 groups were combined for further analysis. A @entity353 of 8.4 +/- 8.8 kg from baseline to 3.2 years was associated with significant decreases in @entity8923 (P < .001), @entity1495 (P < .01), and leptin (P < .001). @entity1495 was, however, significantly increased after 8 weeks of very low energy diet-induced @entity353 (P < .05). The long-term changes in @entity8923 were significantly associated with changes in body mass index independent of changes in blood pressure and lipids (P < .05). Levels and changes of @entity8923 and @entity1495 were significantly positively associated at 3.2 years (P < .01). Long-term changes in leptin were significantly associated with changes in @entity8923 (P < .01) at 3.2 years. Diet-induced long-term @entity353 decreased @entity8923 and @entity1495 . The decrease in @entity8923 was associated with changes in body mass index independent of changes in blood pressure and lipids, indicating that even a minor @entity353 (>5%) has beneficial effects on nontraditional cardiovascular risk markers. @entity350 treatment had no independent effects on @entity8923 , @entity1495 , or leptin in the present study.

title: Long-term @entity353 decreases the nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors interleukin-18 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['Orlistat', 'orlistat']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9', 'Matrix metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The preemptive use of analgetics makes it possible to influence sensitization proceedings caused by a @entity130 . Various mechanisms are effective in central @entity158 treatment. The @entity143 receptor plays an important role. The investigation presented was to examine whether an intraoperative combination of analgetics with different points of contact leads to improved postoperative @entity1337 . Altogether 39 female @entity1 who had to undergo a gynaecological laparotomy were examined. Three groups of 13 @entity1 were randomly formed. In addition to usual general anaesthesia, the @entity1 of group one received 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight @entity3652 racemate before the skin incision and thereafter 10 micrograms/kg/min @entity3652 infusion continuously until peritoneum closure and then @entity2827 0.9% as a placebo after the final skin suture. The @entity1 of group two received placebos before the skin incision and intraoperatively and 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight @entity3652 after the last skin suture. In group three the @entity1 received placebos at all three points of time. Analgetics consumption, @entity158 intensity, awakening reaction, vital parameters as well as psychomimetic side-effects and @entity390 / @entity391 were listed postoperatively. Between the groups no differences were found regarding postoperative analgetics consumption. In addition, the @entity158 intensity showed no differences regarding an improved postoperative @entity1337 through the combination of analgetics with different points of contact. The intraoperative combination of @entity3652 and @entity680 does not lead to a @entity282 . No preemptive @entity1337 is clinically provable.

title: [Preemptive effects caused by co- @entity1337 with XXXX in gynecological laparotomies?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of postoperative pain']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Exhaled @entity842 (NO) is an established technique for monitoring airway inflammation. We have compared exhaled NO measurements from 3 different analysers; Ecomedics (E), Niox (N) and Logan (L). METHODS: Thirty subjects (10 non-smoking healthy subjects, 10 non-smoking @entity1 with @entity565 and 10 ex-smoking @entity1030 @entity1 ) performed 3 repeated measurements of exhaled NO at a flow rate of 50 ml/s on each of the 3 analysers. Within analyser variability was determined by calculating the repeatability coefficient for each analyser. Differences between analysers were assessed by (1) the differences between group means and (2) the Bland Altman method to estimate the variability expected for an individual using the 3 analysers. RESULTS: The repeatability coefficients (expressed as ratios) were 1.12, 1.19 and 1.19 for N, E and L, respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between analysers; the Logan analyser gave the highest group mean values and Ecomedics gave the lowest group mean values. Differences between analysers were observed in all subject groups (healthy, @entity565 , @entity1030 ). Similar results were obtained in the 3 groups when analysed separately. Bland Altman analysis gave the following ratios [data are mean ratio (95% limits of agreement)]; N:E 1.59 (1.02-2.50), L:N 1.23 (0.72-2.13), L:E 1.96 (1.09-3.57). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that exhaled NO measurements in healthy subjects and @entity1 with @entity1030 differ according to the type of analyser used.

title: A comparison of exhaled XXXX measurements performed using three different analysers.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airways disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects which hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) may exert on oral drug absorption, in cases where this soluble fiber is administered to regulate blood lipid levels. Studies were conducted in vitro and in healthy female mongrel @entity235 using two different grades of HPMC, i.e. K8515 HPMC and ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) HPMC. The maximum plasma concentration, Cmax, of @entity1443 and both the Cmax and the area under the concentration-time curve, AUC, of @entity4444 were significantly decreased by the coadministration of 10 g of K8515 HPMC or 7.5 g of UHMW HPMC dissolved in 500 mL normal saline under fasting conditions. No statistically significant effects were observed on @entity918 or @entity7154 absorption. Based on in vitro data and previous studies it appears that reductions in gastric emptying and dissolution rate of @entity1443 account for the effect observed in vivo. For @entity4444 , a drug which can be absorbed from both the small and the large intestine, the indigestibility of HPMC in the colon in addition to the great reduction of dissolution rate led to reductions of both the Cmax and AUC values. The long Tmax values, even in the absence of HPMCs and the more modest reduction of the dissolution rate of @entity918 by the HPMCs are thought to have precluded the observation of any significant alterations in the in vivo absorption profile. Owing to its erratic absorption, no statistically based conclusion could be drawn about the effects of coadministered HPMC on the oral absorption of the poorly soluble @entity7154 . It is concluded that the effects of HPMCs on drug absorption in @entity235 are most pronounced for compounds with absorption profiles that are dependent on gastric emptying, i.e. compounds that are highly water soluble and that exhibit short Tmax values. Compounds with long absorption profiles appear to be less susceptible to changes in absorption behavior due to coadministration of HPMCs.

title: The effect of HPMC--a cholesterol-lowering agent--on oral drug absorption in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity7154 :: ('MESH:D008528', 'Chemical') :: ['mefenamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: 1. We used the bioluminescent protein aequorin, which emits light when it combines with @entity141 , to test the hypothesis that the inotropic and lusitropic actions of @entity52139 are due to changes in intracellular @entity141 handling in papillary muscles from ferrets and @entity840 . 2. @entity52139 increased peak isometric @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) in a dose-dependent manner, with an 83% increase in @entity2701 as the concentration of @entity52139 was increased to 1 x 10(-5) M; however, peak [ @entity141 ]i did not increase significantly until the concentration of @entity52139 reached 3 x 10(-6) M, suggesting a sensitization of the contractile apparatus to @entity141 . 3. @entity1022 (1 x 10(-6) M), which did not reduce the @entity2701 response significantly before @entity52139 , decreased both [ @entity141 ]i and @entity2701 in the presence of 1 x 10(-5) M @entity52139 , suggesting involvement of a @entity1372 channel activation mechanism; however, @entity1022 did not completely reverse the @entity460 sensitization. 4. The shift of the [ @entity141 ]i versus @entity2701 relationship was not observed in the presence of another @entity1372 channel agonist, @entity13981 (3 x 10(-7)-1 x 10(-6) M). 5. In the @entity840 , @entity52139 markedly prolonged relaxation of @entity2701 (increase of 60% in the time from peak to 50% @entity2701 regression), which was accompanied by the appearance of a second component in the aequorin light signal; effects on relaxation were less prominent in the ferret. 6. Tension prolongation and the second component of the [ @entity141 ]i transient in the @entity840 were exacerbated by increased [ @entity141 ]o and decreased by @entity1022 . @entity8452 (3 x 10(-7) M) markedly diminished the @entity460 transient in controls and the initial component of the @entity460 transient in the presence of @entity52139 , but had only a modest effect on the second component. 7. We conclude that although @entity1372 agonism plays a role, sensitization of the contractile apparatus to @entity141 is an important mechanism in the positive inotropic action of @entity52139 . 8. The negative lusitropic action of @entity52139 varies between ferret and @entity840 , possibly reflecting differences between these two species in subcellular @entity141 handling.

title: Mechanisms of positive inotropic effects and delayed relaxation produced by @entity52139 in mammalian working myocardium: effects on intracellular XXXX handling.

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin', 'tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['Ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity13981 :: ('MESH:D014701', 'Chemical') :: ['veratridine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity137 cells (CTL) may play an important role in host defence against @entity281 . @entity404 CTL are preferentially induced by mycobacteria, but both @entity404 and @entity405 CTL may be necessary components of a protective immune response. The 65-kD @entity4430 @entity1457 protein ( @entity11217 ) is a poor inducer of CTL in @entity1202 ( @entity1202 ) @entity1 . In this study we evaluate the possible role of cytokines in modulating the cytotoxic activity of CTL from @entity1201 @entity1 and normal individuals (N) against autologous macrophages presenting @entity4430 @entity11217 . Our results show that @entity11217 -specific CTL were generated from both @entity404 and @entity405 lymphocytes. In N, individual cytokines as well as the combination of them were able to modify the @entity11217 -induced cytotoxic activity. The effect of cytokines on @entity1201 @entity1 ' lymphocytes was different in @entity1202 and paucibacillary (PB) @entity1 . Thus, @entity650 , @entity1199 , @entity379 or @entity310 did not modify the generation of @entity11217 -CTL from either @entity1202 (with or without an @entity5406 (ENL)) or PB. In all the @entity1 the simultaneous addition of two cytokines was required in order to increase CTL generation. In @entity1202 , @entity650 plus @entity379 or @entity1199 increased both @entity404 and @entity405 CTL, while @entity310 plus @entity379 up-regulated only @entity404 CTL. In PB, @entity405 CTL were prominent with @entity650 plus @entity379 , while the increase was significant in @entity404 CTL with @entity650 plus @entity1199 . Down-regulation of CTL was observed by addition of @entity3646 , @entity688 , anti- @entity379 or anti- @entity310 in N controls. Our data demonstrate that @entity379 and @entity310 must be present for at least the first 60 h of the induction stage in order to generate full @entity11217 CTL. Hence, @entity379 and @entity310 would be key factors in the generation of @entity11217 CTL.

title: Interferon-gamma ( @entity379 ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) are necessary in the early stages of induction of XXXX and @entity405 cytotoxic T cells by @entity4430 @entity1457 protein (hsp) 65 kD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxic T']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium leprae', 'mycobacterium']

entities_list: @entity1202 :: ('MESH:D056006', 'Disease') :: ['MB', 'multibacillary leprosy']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum episode']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was designed to determine whether invasion of the @entity5 capsule, in the absence of vascular invasion (VI), was significant in predicting cause-specific mortality in @entity259 ( @entity259 ). METHODS: Seventy-two @entity1 with @entity259 were treated by us during 1971 through 1985. In 65 cases the @entity5 could be classified as either showing capsular invasion (CI) alone (20) or VI, with or without CI, (45). Median follow-up of 45 survivors was 11 years; 12 @entity1 died of @entity259 . RESULTS: The 10-year occurrence rates for cause-specific mortality and distant @entity3 were 28% and 19%, respectively, for @entity1 with VI. Comparable rates for the @entity1 with CI were 0% (p = 0.019) and 0% (p = 0.052), respectively. By univariate analysis, higher rates of cause-specific mortality were significantly associated with distant @entity3 at diagnosis (p < 0.0001), the presence of VI (p = 0.019), and moderate or marked microinvasion (p = 0.019). In stepwise multivariate analyses, only distant @entity3 at diagnosis had independent prognostic significance (p < 0.0001) in the prediction of cause-specific mortality. In a Cox model, adjusting for distant @entity3 at diagnosis, the presence of VI was of borderline significance (p = 0.06) in predicting cause-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity259 , diagnosed on the basis of CI alone, did not result in either distant @entity3 or @entity5 . The dominant determinant of cause-specific mortality was the presence of distant @entity3 at diagnosis.

title: @entity259 with capsular invasion alone: a nonthreatening XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['FTC', 'follicular thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: Part 1: The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay was used to analyse the integrity and DNA content of exfoliated cells extracted from bladder washing specimens from 9 @entity1606 @entity1 and 15 control @entity1 . DNA damage, as expressed by % tail DNA and tail moment values, was observed to occur in cells from both control and @entity150 samples. The extent of the damage was, however, found to be significantly greater in the @entity5 group than in the control group. Comet optical density values were also recorded for each cell analysed in the comet assay and although differences observed between @entity5 grades were not found to be statistically significant, the mean comet optical density value was observed to be greater in the @entity5 group than in the control population studied. These preliminary results suggest that the comet assay may have potential as a diagnostic tool and as a prognostic indicator in @entity1606 . Part 2: Baseline DNA damage in sperm cells from 13 normozoospermic fertile males, 17 normozoospermic infertile males and 11 asthenozoospermic infertile males were compared using a modified alkaline comet assay technique. No significant difference in the level of baseline DNA damage was observed between the 3 categories of sperm studied; however the untreated sperm cells were observed to display approximately 20% tail DNA. This is notably higher than the background DNA damage observed in somatic cells where the % tail DNA is normally less than 5%. Sperm from the 3 groups of @entity1 studied were also compared for sensitivity to DNA breakage, using the modified alkaline comet assay, following X-ray irradiations (5, 10 and 30 Gy) and @entity273 treatments (40, 100 and 200 microM). Significant levels of X-ray-induced damage were found relative to untreated control sperm in the two infertile groups following 30 Gy irradiation. Significant damage in @entity273 -treated sperm was observed in sperm from fertile samples, at 200 microM and in infertile samples at 100- and 200-microM doses relative to controls. These results therefore indicate that fertile sperm samples are more resistant to X-ray- and @entity273 -induced DNA breakage than infertile samples. Further studies involving greater numbers of individuals are currently in progress to confirm these findings.

title: Two potential clinical applications of the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay: (1). @entity1 bladder washings and @entity1606 of the bladder; and (2). XXXX sperm and male infertility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: We quantitatively assessed rates of cell replication and of apoptosis during the development and regression of @entity96 . In @entity35 , apoptotic activity gradually increased from normal liver to putative preneoplastic foci (PPF), to @entity8055 ( @entity8055 ), and to @entity157 ( @entity157 ). At all stages, rates of cell replication were higher than of apoptosis, allowing a preferential net gain of (pre)neoplastic cells. As in @entity35 , in @entity1 @entity157 , birth and @entity204 rates were increased manifold, indicating a species-independent phenomenon. Implications of the increasing cell turnover were studied in @entity35 using the administration and withdrawal of @entity24565 ( @entity7034 ), a liver mitogen and nongenotoxic carcinogen. Prolonged NAF treatment enhanced cell number in normal liver by 25%, while @entity2848 and @entity96 were amplified at least 100-fold. After stopping NAF treatment, cell replication ceased, while cell elimination by apoptosis was increased in normal and (pre)neoplastic liver. @entity8055 and @entity157 showed the most pronounced shifts from replication toward apoptosis. As a result, 5 weeks after halting NAF, 20% of cells in normal liver, but about 85% of (pre)neoplastic lesions including @entity157 , were eliminated. The implications of these findings include that nongenotoxic carcinogens can act as survival factors even for malignant cells. Furthermore, @entity5 cells not only exhibit excessive proliferation, but also undergo apoptosis at rates that far exceed those in normal tissue. Therefore, inhibition of cell @entity204 by the survival activity of nongenotoxic carcinogens results in selective growth of (pre)neoplastic lesions. On the other hand, blockade of survival effects leads to excessive apoptosis in (pre) @entity5 and seems promising as a therapeutic concept for the selective elimination of (liver) @entity5 .

title: Inherent increase of apoptosis in @entity96 : implications for carcinogenesis and XXXX regression.

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['HCA', 'hepatocellular adenoma']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity24565 :: ('MESH:D009255', 'Chemical') :: ['nafenopin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A recent clinical trial of gene therapy for @entity915 ( @entity915 ) has shown that retroviral-mediated gene correction of bone marrow stem cells can lead to the development of normal immune function. These exciting results have been preceded by successful immune reconstitution in several @entity915 @entity19 models, all carrying null mutations of the @entity42327 ( @entity42327 ). One question not formally addressed by these previous studies is that of possible dominant-negative effects of the endogenous mutant @entity42327 protein on the activity of the wild-type transferred gene product. The present work was therefore undertaken to study whether corrective gene transfer was applicable to an @entity915 @entity19 model with preserved expression of a truncated gammac molecule (Deltagamma(c+)- @entity915 ). Gene correction of Deltagamma(c+)- @entity915 @entity19 resulted in the reconstitution of lymphoid development, and preferential repopulation of lymphoid organs by gene-corrected cells demonstrated the selective advantage of @entity42327 -expressing cells in vivo. Newly developed B cells showed normalization of lipopolysaccharide-mediated proliferation and @entity58 ( @entity58 )-induced immunoglobulin G1 isotype switching. @entity1619 cells and thymocytes of treated animals proliferated normally to mitogens and responded to the addition of @entity2047 , @entity58 , and @entity10191 , indicating functional reconstitution of gammac-sharing receptors. Repopulated thymi showed a clear increase of @entity1961 -/CD8- and CD8+ fractions, both dramatically reduced in untreated Deltagamma(c+)- @entity915 @entity19 . These improvements were associated with the restoration of @entity1379 expression levels and enhanced cell survival. These data indicate that residual expression of the endogenous truncated @entity42327 did not lead to dominant-negative effects in this @entity19 model and suggest that @entity1 selection may not be strictly necessary for gene therapy of @entity915 .

title: Lack of dominant-negative effects of a truncated XXXX on retroviral-mediated gene correction of immunodeficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity915 :: ('MESH:D053632', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency', 'XSCID']

answer: @entity42327 :: (16186(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['gamma(c)']


abstract: In a trial of streptokinase versus recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for a first @entity583 , 270 @entity1 were randomized. Regional left ventricular function was assessed in 214 @entity1 at 3 weeks. The @entity1188 was the left anterior descending artery in 78 @entity1 , the right coronary artery in 122 and a dominant left circumflex artery in 14. Analysis was by the centerline method with a novel correction for the area of myocardium at risk, whereby the search region was determined by the anatomic distribution of the @entity1188 . @entity1188 patency at 3 weeks was 73% in the streptokinase group and 71% in the rt-PA group. Global left ventricular function did not differ between the two groups. Mean chord motion (+/- SD) in the most @entity5048 half of the defined search region was similar in the streptokinase and rt-PA groups (-2.4 +/- 1.5 versus -2.3 +/- 1.3, p = 0.63). There were no differences in @entity2915 of the noninfarct zone. Compared with conventional centerline analysis, regional wall motion in the defined area at risk was significantly more abnormal. The two methods correlated strongly, however (r = 0.99, p less than 0.0001), and both methods produced similar overall results. @entity1 with a patent @entity1188 and those with an occluded artery at the time of catheterization had similar levels of global function (ejection fraction 58 +/- 12% versus 57 +/- 12%, p = 0.58).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of the effects of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator on regional wall motion after first XXXX : analysis by the centerline method with correction for area at risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'Infarct-artery']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinesia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Studies were performed in 6 healthy, male volunteers to explore the effect of a work load on the blood concentrations of @entity2661 in relation to pulse rate and blood pressure and the blood levels of @entity788 , insulin, @entity2124 , @entity413 and @entity653 . The work load consisted of 300 kpm/min for 5 min, followed by 600 kpm/min during the next 5 min and 900 kpm/min under a third 5 min period. The work load resulted in a marked increase in @entity1063 and @entity1425 at 10 and 15 min of exercise. The pulse rate, the systolic pressure and the mean blood pressure were correlated to the blood levels of both @entity1425 and @entity1063 . In spite of the rather marked activation of the sympathetic nervous system no increase occurred in glucagon as measured under exercise and up to 60 min after its completion. In 4 of the subjects the work load was followed by a prompt @entity2124 response. The same 4 subjects also showed a marked increase in @entity2661 . The 2 remaining subjects presented no change in @entity2124 and their increase in @entity2661 was relatively minor. @entity653 increased significantly during work and there was a positive correlation between the values recorded for @entity653 and @entity1425 . No significant changes occurred in blood sugar or insulin during work.

title: The influence of short term submaximal work on the plasma concentrations of XXXX , @entity788 and @entity2124 in man.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic glucagon']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerol', 'glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: Methodological issues in the design of prospective, longitudinal studies of developmental @entity2359 in @entity1 are reviewed. A comprehensive assessment of potential confounding influences is important in these studies because inadequate assessment of confounders can threaten the validity of causal inferences drawn from the data. Potential confounders typically include demographic background variables, @entity167 and smoking during pregnancy, the quality of parental stimulation, the @entity1 's age at test, and the examiner. Exposure to other substances is assessed where significant exposure is expected in the target population. In most studies, control variables even weakly related to outcome are included in all multivariate statistical analyses, and a toxic effect is inferred only if the effect of exposure is significant after controlling for the potential confounders. Once a @entity2359 effect has been identified, suspected mediating variables may be added to the analysis to examine underlying processes or mechanisms through which the exposure may impact on developmental outcome. Individual differences in vulnerability may be examined in terms of either an additive compensatory model or a synergistic "risk and resilience" approach. Failure to detect real effects ( @entity1605 ) is of particular concern in these studies because public policy considerations make it likely that negative findings will be interpreted to mean that the exposure is safe. Important sources of @entity1605 include inadequate representation of highly exposed individuals, overcontrol for confounders, and inappropriate correction for multiple comparisons. Given the high cost and complexity of prospective, longitudinal investigations, cross-sectional pilot studies focusing on highly exposed individuals can be valuable for the initial identification of salient domains of impairment.

title: Prospective, longitudinal assessment of developmental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'child']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Type II error']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: Radiosurgery is often used to treat @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) located in deep brain locations. Most of these procedures are successful not only in obliterating the @entity7026 but also in decreasing the frequency and severity of associated @entity410 . Although radiosurgery is occasionally associated with the development of easy-to-control @entity410 immediately postoperatively, there have been no reports of @entity302 developing after radiosurgery. In this report, however, a case is presented in which a @entity1 underwent gamma knife surgery (GKS) for an @entity7026 , after which @entity302 and @entity3877 ( @entity3877 ) gradually developed. A 37-year-old right-handed @entity1 underwent GKS for a right mesial parietotemporooccipital @entity7026 . One year later, the @entity7026 had reduced in size, but the @entity1 began to experience @entity410 ( @entity410 ). These @entity410 initially occurred at a frequency of one per month, but 6 months later they were occurring every other week. She also started having secondarily generalized @entity410 (GTCSs) once per month. Over the next year the frequency of her @entity410 gradually increased to several @entity410 per day and two to three GTCSs per week, despite treatment with various combinations of antiepileptic drugs. By this time her @entity7026 had decreased to one half of its original size. Video-electroencephalography monitoring demonstrated that both the @entity410 and GTCSs were arising from the right posterior quadrant. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed not only the presence of the right-sided @entity7026 , but also right-sided @entity3877 . The @entity1 underwent surgical resection of the @entity7026 and right temporal lobectomy. She has been free from @entity410 for longer than 1 year. Radiosurgery may be associated with @entity302 and @entity3877 .

title: Intractable XXXX following radiosurgery for @entity2758 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'CPSs', 'seizures', 'complex partial seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['MTS', 'mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['intractable epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The aim of the present cross-sectional epidemiological study from Troms  , Northern Norway, was to evaluate the relation between blood pressure and serum @entity461 , and to examine whether this relation can be explained by a blood pressure-induced increase in urinary @entity460 . Ten thousand-four hundred and nineteen subjects were invited to participate and 8,128 attended. Those with serum @entity460 outside the reference range (2.20-2.60 mmol/l), with increased serum @entity1011 (upper limit 120 micromol/l for @entity1 and 100 micromol/l for @entity1 ) and those using antihypertensive medication were excluded. Three thousand- six hundred and twenty subjects had complete data on outcome measures. Height, weight, blood pressure, serum @entity460 , @entity461 , and @entity1011 were measured and smoking status recorded. A morning urine sample was collected and urinary @entity460 , @entity1372 and @entity1011 measured. The urinary @entity460 /urinary @entity1011 ratio (Uca/Ucr) and urinary @entity1372 /urinary @entity1011 ratio (Una/Ucr) were calculated. There was a significant association between both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum @entity461 . The Uca/Ucr increased with increasing blood pressure. However, the Uca/Ucr did not affect the association between blood pressure and serum @entity461 in a multiple linear regression model. The relationship between blood pressure and serum @entity461 was also seen in subjects with similar Uca/Ucr, and a negative association between serum @entity461 and the Uca/Ucr was found. In conclusion, blood pressure and serum @entity461 are associated. This association cannot be explained by the urinary @entity460 excretion alone.

title: The relationship between blood pressure and serum parathyroid hormone with special reference to urinary XXXX excretion: the Troms   study.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: " @entity8511 " (BMS) refers to a chronic @entity2531 usually unaccompanied by @entity3137 or other clinical signs of @entity347 . BMS is typically characterized by a continuous, spontaneous, and often intense burning sensation as if the mouth or tongue were scalded or on fire. @entity8511 is a relatively common condition. The estimated prevalence of BMS reported in recent studies ranges between 0.7 and 4.6% of the general population. About 1.3 million American adults, mostly @entity1 in the postmenopausal period, are afflicted with BMS. The etiology of this disorder is poorly understood even though new evidence for a possible @entity1109 of idiopathic BMS is emerging. @entity8511 may present as an @entity558 (primary BMS type) distinct from the symptom of oral burning that can potentially arise from various local or @entity3002 (secondary BMS type), including @entity3147 , hormonal changes associated with menopause, local oral infections, @entity75 , @entity2133 , @entity56 reactions, medications, and @entity262 including @entity6 . In more than a third of @entity1 , multiple, concurrent causes of BMS may be identified. It is important to note that the diagnosis of BMS should be established only after all other possible causes have been ruled out. Professional delay in diagnosing, referring, and appropriately managing of BMS @entity1 occurs frequently. Treatment should be tailored to each @entity1 and it is recommended to practice the treatment in a multidisciplinary facility. This article discusses our current understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of BMS. The authors have tried to emphasize new pharmacological approaches to manage this @entity74 .

title: XXXX : will better understanding yield better management?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic condition']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['denture-related lesions']

entities_list: @entity8511 :: ('MESH:D002054', 'Disease') :: ['Burning mouth syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pathogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['systemic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial pain disorder']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['challenging disorder']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disease']

answer: @entity8511 :: (MESH:D002054,Disease) :: ['Burning mouth syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) multi-institutional Phase II study 98-12, evaluating @entity1311 and concurrent radiation (RT) for locally advanced @entity788 , demonstrated a median survival of 11.3 months and a 1-year survival of 43%. The purpose of the randomized Phase II study by RTOG 0020 was to evaluate the addition of weekly low- dose @entity136 with concurrent @entity1311 /RT and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor @entity8202 following chemoradiation. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with unresectable, nonmetastatic @entity420 were eligible. @entity1 in @entity487 received @entity136 , 75 mg/m(2)/week, and @entity1311 , 40 mg/m(2)/week, for 6 weeks, with 50.4 Gy radiation (CXRT). @entity1 in @entity489 received an identical chemoradiation regimen but then received maintenance @entity8202 , 300 mg twice a day for 21 days every 28 days (CXRT+ @entity8202 ), until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: One hundred ninety-five @entity1 were entered into this study, and 184 were analyzable. Grade 4 nonhematologic @entity137 occurred in less than 5% of CXRT @entity1 . The most common grade 3/4 @entity137 from @entity8202 was myelosuppression; however, grade 3/4 hepatic, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and @entity137 were also reported. The median survival time was 11.5 months and 8.9 months for the CXRT and CXRT+ @entity8202 arms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CXRT arm achieved a median survival of almost 1-year, supporting chemoradiation as an important therapeutic modality for locally advanced @entity788 . Maintenance @entity8202 is not effective and is associated with a broad range of @entity137 . These findings provide clinical evidence that inhibition of farnesylation affects many metabolic pathways, underscoring the challenge of developing an effective @entity984 inhibitor.

title: Weekly @entity1311 , @entity136 , and external irradiation followed by randomized farnesyl transferase inhibitor XXXX for locally advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurologic toxicities', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity8202 :: (MESH:C402769,Chemical) :: ['R115777']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti- @entity5810 ) antibodies are a stronger predictor of the severity of @entity309 than is @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Their role in predicting outcome in unselected @entity1 with new-onset @entity32 ( @entity32 ) has not been examined. The aims of this study were to examine the role of baseline @entity309 and anti- @entity5810 antibodies in determining the likelihood of @entity1 having @entity2681 at presentation or in predicting future @entity16 , and to determine whether anti- @entity5810 antibodies or @entity309 is sufficiently robust to be clinically useful in guiding treatment decisions in early @entity32 . METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from the Norfolk @entity625 Register. @entity2357 models were fitted to test the ability of anti- @entity5810 antibodies and @entity309 to predict @entity2681 . Further models were investigated to examine the role of anti- @entity5810 antibodies in @entity1 stratified by @entity309 status. RESULTS: The presence of anti- @entity5810 antibodies at baseline was strongly associated with both prevalent @entity2681 (odds ratio [OR] 2.53 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.48-4.30]) and developing @entity2681 at 5 years (OR 10.2 [95% CI 6.2-16.9]). These ORs were higher than those for @entity309 (OR 1.63 [95% CI 0.94-2.82] and OR 3.4 [95% CI 2.2-5.2], respectively). The likelihood ratio (LR) for the prediction of prevalent @entity2681 and @entity2681 at 5 years was highest in the @entity309 -subgroup (LR 2.2 and 5.8, respectively). However, 27% of anti- @entity5810 - @entity1 had developed @entity2681 by 5 years. CONCLUSION: Despite their strong association with the presence, development, and extent of @entity2681 , anti- @entity5810 antibodies alone are not a sufficiently accurate measure upon which to base clinical treatment decisions. Knowledge of anti- @entity5810 antibody status is most informative in @entity309 -negative @entity1 .

title: The performance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in predicting the severity of XXXX in @entity32 : results from the Norfolk @entity625 Register.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'inflammatory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['radiologic damage']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RF', 'rheumatoid factor']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['radiologic damage']