abstract: A 23-year-old male who had suffered recurrent relapses of @entity3052 was treated with a protocol including @entity28807 (NCS) and complete remission was obtained. At the age of 11 years, he had complained of general fatigue and @entity417 , and was diagnosed as having AML because of the presence of @entity1778 cell infiltration in the bone marrow as well as peripheral blood. Auer bodies and a positive reaction to peroxidase were found. The last episode of relapse occurred at the age of 15 years, when he achieved complete remission following a trial protocol which included NCS. NCS seemed to be effective after it had been used intravenously for a short time. The @entity1 has maintained complete remission for the past 7 years and has had no consolidation therapy in the last 3 years. For the last 18 months, he has been working in a market as a clerk 8 hours a day. NCS with a rapid infusion time seems to have effects on @entity1778 cells when it used with proteolytic enzyme. Neither skull radiation nor testicular biopsy were attempted. Results of CSF examination were within normal limits, but EEG and CT scan revealed the probability of early-stage @entity62 , although no significant clinical signs were observed. He had suffered an @entity3052 , but no further attack occurred until several months ago. In order to establish any relationship between these two diseases, further detailed analysis will be necessary.

title: [A case of complete remission following recurrent relapses 12 years after onset of XXXX . Response to protocol including @entity28807 ].

entities_list: @entity28807 :: ('MESH:D009353', 'Chemical') :: ['neocarzinostatin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic attack before the onset of AML', 'acute myelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelocytic leukemia']


abstract: The release of new DNA-based diagnostic tools has increased tremendously in companion animals. Over 70 different DNA variants are now known for the cat, including DNA variants in disease-associated genes and genes causing aesthetically interesting traits. The impact genetic tests have on animal breeding and health management is significant because of the ability to control the breeding of @entity468 , especially breed @entity468 . If used properly, genetic testing can prevent the production of diseased animals, causing the reduction of the frequency of the causal variant in the population, and, potentially, the eventual eradication of the disease. However, testing of some identified DNA variants may be unwarranted and cause undo strife within the cat breeding community and unnecessary reduction of gene pools and availability of breeding animals. Testing for @entity22608 ( @entity22608 ) in @entity468 , specifically the genetic testing of the @entity35788 ( @entity35789 ) and the @entity35790 ( @entity35791 ) variants in @entity35792 ( @entity35792 ), has come under scrutiny. No health problems are associated with the @entity35790 ( @entity35791 ) variant, however, breeders that obtain positive results for this variant are speculating as to possible correlation with health concerns. Birman @entity468 already have a markedly reduced gene pool and have a high frequency of the @entity22608 @entity35790 variant. Further reduction of the gene pool by eliminating @entity468 that are heterozygous or homozygous for only the @entity22608 @entity35790 variant could lead to more inbreeding depression effects on the breed population. Herein is debated the genetic testing of the @entity22608 @entity35790 variant in @entity468 . Surveys from different laboratories suggest the @entity35788 ( @entity35789 ) disease-associated variant should be monitored in the cat breed populations, particularly breeds with Siamese derivations and outcrosses. However, the @entity35790 has no evidence of association with disease in @entity468 and testing is not recommended in the absence of @entity35788 genotyping. Selection against the @entity35790 is not warranted in cat populations. More rigorous guidelines may be required to support the genetic testing of DNA variants in all animal species.

title: XXXX in @entity468 - clarification regarding genetic testing.

entities_list: @entity22608 :: ('MESH:D009087', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI', 'MPS VI']

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['domestic cats', 'cats']

answer: @entity22608 :: (MESH:D009087,Disease) :: ['Mucopolysaccharidosis VI']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burden of disease estimates are widely used for priority setting in public health and disability-adjusted life years are a powerful "currency" nowadays. However, disability weights, which capture the disability incurred by a typical @entity1 of a certain condition, are fundamental to such burden calculation and their determination remains a widely debated issue. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in the recently established Taabo health demographic surveillance system (HDSS) in south-central C  te d'Ivoire, to provide new, population-based evidence on the disability caused by @entity2040 and soil-transmitted @entity15235 . Parasitological results from stool, urine, and blood examinations were juxtaposed to quality of life (QoL) questionnaire results from 187 adults. A multivariable linear regression model with stepwise backward elimination was used to identify significant associations, considering also sociodemographic characteristics obtained from the Taabo HDSS database. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Prevalences for hookworm, Plasmodium spp., @entity13857 , @entity4114 and @entity380 were 39.0%, 18.2%, 2.7%, 2.1% and 2.1%, respectively. @entity383 and @entity13857 infections of any intensity reduced the @entity1 ' self-rated QoL by 16 points (95% confidence interval (CI): 4-29 points) and 13 points (95% CI: 1-24 points), respectively, on a scale from 0 (worst QoL) to 100 points (best QoL). The only other statistically significant effect was a 1-point (95% CI: 0.1-2 points) increase on the QoL scale per one unit increase in a calculated wealth index. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We found consistent and significant results on the negative effects of @entity2040 and soil-transmitted @entity15235 on adults' self-rated QoL, also when taking sociodemographic characteristics into account. Our results warrant further investigation on the disability incurred by helmintic infections and the usefulness of generic QoL questionnaires in this endeavor.

title: @entity2040 , soil-transmitted XXXX , and sociodemographic factors influence quality of life of adults in C  te d'Ivoire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity13857 :: ('36087', 'Species') :: ['Trichuris trichiura', 'T. trichiura']

entities_list: @entity15235 :: ('MESH:D006373', 'Disease') :: ['helminthiasis']

answer: @entity15235 :: (MESH:D006373,Disease) :: ['helminthiasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Rehabilitation may contribute to the management of @entity785 ( @entity785 ) dealing with disabilities due to skin and joint involvement. AIM: to evaluate the efficacy of a district specific and global rehabilitation program tailored for @entity785 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 @entity785 @entity1 were enrolled and randomly assigned to 2 groups. Interventional group (10 pts) was treated that included hand and face specific rehabilitation and at least a global rehabilitation technique such as hydrokinesytherapy or land-based program, also comprising respiratory exercises. Hand lymphatic drainage was added when necessary. Observational group (10 @entity1 ) was only provided with educational advices and medical information about @entity785 . @entity1 were evaluated at baseline (T0) and after the 9 weeks treatment period (T1). Interventional group was also assessed after a 9 weeks follow-up (T2). @entity1 were evaluated by SF-36, HAQ and a purpose-built-questionnaire for global health condition and with Hamis test, Duru  z scale, range of motion, water volumetric test, mouth opening and a purpose-built-questionnaire for hand and face involvement. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment, @entity1 of interventional group improved in all the parameters evaluated. At follow-up, mouth mobility and functionality such as global health status was partially lost, only hand mobility and functionality parameters were maintained. No changes were observed in controls. CONCLUSION: The association and of district-specific and global rehabilitative techniques conceived and tailored for @entity785 @entity1 improves disability, HRQoL, hand and face disability and functionality, with its effects partially maintained at the follow-up.

title: Efficacy of a tailored rehabilitation program for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic Sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the most effect treatment plan of @entity1 with @entity1544 with clinically negative (NO) neck staging. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of 54 @entity1 with NO neck staging who underwent resection of an oral cavity primary @entity5 with or without elective neck dissection between January 1982 and December 1992 and with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. METHODS: The records of 54 @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1544 and NO neck staging were retrospectively reviewed to determine the impact of elective neck dissection on @entity1 outcomes including regional recurrence and overall survival. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent surgical resection of their oral @entity5 , with 33 @entity1 undergoing "watchful waiting" observation for the development of @entity135 while 21 @entity1 had elective neck dissections. The most controversial group of @entity1 were those with intermediate-sized (T2 and T3) primary @entity5 . Eighteen of these @entity1 underwent elective neck dissection, with two @entity1 developing recurrent @entity135 and an ultimate prognosis of 72%. Twelve @entity1 had observation of their necks, with five of these @entity1 subsequently requiring neck dissection. An additional seven @entity1 did not undergo neck dissection, and this group had four survivors free of disease. The prognosis was 42% in @entity1 not having elective neck dissections. CONCLUSIONS: T1 @entity5 do well with neck treatment other than careful observation. The data suggest that @entity1 with T2 and T3 @entity957 should undergo surgical resection of their primary @entity5 site and elective neck dissection. @entity1 with T4 oral cavity lesions should routinely undergo neck dissection.

title: Treatment of the clinically negative neck in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cavity tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1082 ) causes cervical, vulvar, and @entity5 , @entity1613 , and genital warts. We report data for the longest efficacy evaluation to date of a prophylactic HPV vaccine. In total, 552 @entity1 (16-23 years) were enrolled in a randomised, placebo-controlled study of a quadrivalent HPV 6/11/16/18 L1 virus-like-particle vaccine with vaccination at months 0, 2, and 6. At regular intervals through 3 years, subjects underwent gynaecologic examination, cervicovaginal sampling for HPV DNA, serum anti-HPV testing, and Pap testing, with follow-up biopsy as indicated. A subset of 241 subjects underwent two further years of follow-up. At 5 years post enrollment, the combined incidence of HPV 6/11/16/18-related persistent @entity281 or disease was reduced in vaccine-recipients by 96% (two cases vaccine versus 46 placebo). There were no cases of HPV 6/11/16/18-related precancerous @entity3799 or genital warts in vaccine recipients, and six cases in placebo recipients (efficacy = 100%; 95% CI:12-100%). Through 5 years, vaccine-induced anti-HPV geometric mean titres remained at or above those following natural @entity281 . In conclusion, a prophylactic quadrivalent HPV vaccine was effective through 5 years for prevention of persistent @entity281 and disease caused by HPV 6/11/16/18. This duration supports vaccination of adolescents and young adults, which is expected to greatly reduce the @entity5 , @entity1613 , and genital warts.

title: High sustained efficacy of a prophylactic quadrivalent XXXX types 6/11/16/18 L1 virus-like particle vaccine through 5 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal cancers', 'burden of cervical and genital cancers']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous dysplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: Emergence of acquired resistance is virtually inevitable in @entity1 with a mutation in the @entity470 gene ( @entity470 ) treated with @entity470 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Several novel TKIs that may prevent or overcome the resistance mechanisms are now under clinical development. However, it is unknown how @entity5 cells will respond to intensive treatment using these novel TKIs. We previously established @entity1 EPR cells, which are @entity9513 positive, through combined treatment with @entity3866 and a MET-TKI from @entity3866 -hypersensitive @entity1 cells. In this study, we treated @entity1 EPR cells sequentially with an irreversible @entity470 -TKI, CL-387,785, to establish resistant cells (HCC827CLR), and we analyzed the mechanisms responsible for resistance. In @entity1 CLR cells, @entity983 expression was downregulated and Akt phosphorylation persisted in the presence of CL-387,785. Akt inhibition restored CL-387,785 sensitivity. In addition, withdrawal of CL-387,785 reduced cell viability in @entity1 CLR cells, indicating that these cells were "addicted" to CL-387,785. @entity1 CLR cells overexpressed the @entity470 , and inhibition of the @entity470 or MEK-ERK was needed to maintain cell proliferation. Increased senescence was observed in @entity1 CLR cells in the @entity558 . Through long-term culture of @entity1 CLR cells without CL-387,785, we established @entity1 -CL-387,785-independent cells, which exhibited decreased @entity470 expression and a mesenchymal phenotype. In conclusion, @entity983 downregulation is a newly identified mechanism underlying the acquired resistance to irreversible @entity470 -TKIs after acquisition of @entity9513 against @entity3866 . This series of experiments highlights the flexibility of @entity5 cells that have adapted to environmental stresses induced by intensive treatment with TKIs.

title: Conversion from the "oncogene addiction" to "drug addiction" by intensive inhibition of the XXXX and MET in lung cancer with activating @entity470 mutation.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['drug-free condition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to perform a pilot study to investigate whether iontophoresis of @entity1543 , followed by ultrasound, might be a safe and effective treatment for @entity785 ( @entity785 )-related @entity730 . This combination treatment has been used in other @entity74 . METHODS: Three female @entity1 (ages 51, 62 and 59 yr) were studied. Each underwent treatment nine times over a 3-week period. Iontophoresis was with 2-5% @entity1543 at 100 microA for 20 min, followed by ultrasound at 1.5 W/cm(2) for 8 min at each visit. The primary endpoint was the degree of radiographic @entity730 as quantified by image analysis after adjusting for soft tissue change. RESULTS: There were no side-effects from treatment. Mean radiographic intensity fell in all @entity1 (by 18.0, 8.9 and 8.5%), although the maximum density and the area of @entity730 fell in only one @entity1 . However, none of the @entity1 reported any benefits from the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In this small pilot study none of the @entity1 experienced clinical improvement, despite an intensive treatment schedule over 3 weeks. However, there may have been some radiographic improvement. Given that there is currently no effective treatment for @entity785 -related @entity730 a larger study incorporating higher 'doses' of iontophoresis is indicated.

title: A pilot study of @entity1543 iontophoresis and ultrasound in the treatment of @entity785 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['calcifying disorders']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcinosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a dire need for better visualization of @entity5 and analysis of specific targets in vivo. Molecular imaging with fluorescence is gaining more and more attention, as it allows detection of these targets and has advantages over radioactivity, such as no radiation dose, and lower costs. A key challenge in optical imaging however, is translation of the newly developed tracers from pre-clinical phase to clinical application. We describe the development and safety testing of clinical grade bevacizumab-800CW, an antibody-based targeted agent for non-invasive imaging of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Development included implementing the manufacturing process and analytical methods according to current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP), formulation studies, extended characterization and stability testing. For safety pharmacology an extended single dose @entity137 study in @entity19 was performed. Bevacizumab-800CW was formulated in isotonic @entity4613 buffered @entity2827 solution at pH 7. The production was robust and showed a reproducible labeling efficiency, and no impurities. The binding affinity to @entity7 remained intact. The optimized product meets all release specifications, is stable up to at least 3 months and its characteristics did not significantly differ from the unlabeled bevacizumab. @entity137 testing in @entity19 showed no remarkable findings. In conclusion, sterile bevacizumab-800CW (6 mg = 6 ml) can be produced in stock according to current Good Manufacturing Practice. It is ready for first-in- @entity1 use.

title: Development, preclinical safety, formulation, and stability of clinical grade bevacizumab-800CW, a new near infrared fluorescent imaging agent for first in XXXX use.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-A', 'vascular endothelial growth factor A']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The parents of 3649 Finnish @entity1 and adolescents were interviewed in 1980 to evaluate the prevalence of @entity565 , @entity2023 and @entity483 . The same group was interviewed 6 years later to determine the incidence of new cases of @entity565 in the 1980s. Age- and sex-matched samples were taken from three areas, southern, eastern and northern Finland to allow assessment of possible regional differences in prevalences and incidences. The prevalences of @entity483 , @entity2023 and @entity565 were 1.7%, 6.0% and 4.3%, respectively. These figures are similar to those found in previous studies in Scandinavia and Finland over 10 years ago. The prevalence of @entity402 was highest (6.4%) in southern Finland, which is the most urbanized area of our country. The prevalence of @entity565 was highest (3.3%) in northern Finland. This is still low when compared with the incidences in other European countries. THe prevalences of @entity565 and @entity402 were lowest in eastern Finland which is the most agrarian area. The incidence of @entity565 was 1.5 cases/1000 individuals/year, but regional differences were shown.

title: Asthma, @entity2023 and XXXX in Finnish @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema', 'atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic eczema']


abstract: @entity5 -promoting @entity4996 such as @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) induce the monocytoid differentiation of HL-60 @entity1 @entity1778 cells. The cellular receptor for @entity4515 is protein kinase C. However, cellular events distal to protein kinase C phosphorylation are also critical steps toward differentiation. These events may include specific programs of oncogene transcription that have been associated with @entity4621 -induced @entity1778 cell differentiation. Recently, it has been found that topoisomerase II could be activated by protein kinase C-mediated @entity563 phosphorylation and that @entity4515 treatment of HL-60 cells enhanced extractable topoisomerase II from these cells. Additionally, topoisomerase II-reactive antineoplastic drugs could block @entity4515 -induced differentiation of HL-60. This enzyme has been implicated in gene regulation, and drug-induced, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage sites have been identified within cellular oncogenes. Thus, topoisomerase II could play a critical role in the signal transduction cascade leading from @entity4515 -protein kinase interaction to monocytoid differentiation. We have examined this relationship between topoisomerase II and @entity4515 -induced differentiation through measurements of drug-induced, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage (via alkaline elution) in @entity4515 -treated HL-60 cells. @entity2879 -induced DNA cleavage was reduced 10-fold in HL-60 cells treated with 10 nM @entity4515 for 24 h. Neither @entity3733 (which produces granulocytoid differentiation) nor non-differentiation-inducing @entity4996 could produce this effect. The decreased cleavage was not due to a @entity4515 -induced inhibition of cell-associated @entity2879 and was demonstrable in nuclei isolated from @entity4515 -treated cells. The decrease was not simply related to decreased cellular proliferation rate as reflected in the inhibition of DNA synthesis because conditions leading to marked inhibition of DNA synthesis did not necessarily inhibit @entity2879 -induced DNA cleavage. By contrast, lower concentrations of @entity4515 inhibited @entity2879 -mediated DNA cleavage disproportionately compared with @entity4515 effects on DNA synthesis. Interestingly, @entity4515 reduced cleavage induced by the topoisomerase II-reactive DNA intercalator @entity5256 by 2-fold, suggesting that specific drug-DNA interactions could partially overcome the @entity4515 -induced effect that resulted in decreased @entity2879 -induced, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. Nuclear proteins in 0.35 M NaCl extracts from untreated or @entity4515 -treated HL-60 cells were virtually identical in topoisomerase II activity and in topoisomerase II-associated drug sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity4621 treatment on drug-induced, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage in XXXX @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide', 'Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity5256 :: ('CHEBI:2687', 'Chemical') :: ["4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Severe @entity543 is a frequent cause of @entity64 in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Whereas several sex-related comparisons are available on @entity453 , there are few data appraising gender-specific features of carotid plaques. We aimed to systematically compare the pathology and inflammatory features of carotid plaques in @entity1 vs @entity1 . METHODS: Carotid plaque specimens were collected from @entity1 undergoing surgical endarterectomy for asymptomatic or symptomatic @entity543 . Histologic analysis was performed, as well as measurements of plaque composition and @entity32 . RESULTS: A total of 457 @entity1 were included (132 @entity1 , 325 @entity1 ). Baseline analyses showed a greater prevalence of @entity1007 , @entity101 , and former smoking status in @entity1 , despite a higher Framingham Heart Score in @entity1 (all P < .05). @entity1 had a lower prevalence of @entity715 , smaller percentage area of necrotic core, and @entity548 extension (all P < .05). Plaque @entity32 analysis showed a lower concentration of inflammatory and, in particular, of macrophage foam cells in the plaque cap of @entity1 (both P < .05). These differences were, however, no longer significant at multivariable analysis, including several baseline features, such as symptom status and @entity850 severity. CONCLUSIONS: Carotid plaques seem significantly different in @entity1 and @entity1 , but the main drivers of such pathologic differences are baseline features, including @entity850 severity and symptom status.

title: Sex-related differences in carotid plaque features and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic plaques']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine foot involvement in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and to characterize structural alterations in patients with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide ( @entity5810 ) antibody-positive and -negative disease. METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 with @entity309 with foot @entity158 were consecutively enrolled. The @entity4553 ( @entity4553 ) rating scale was used to evaluate the @entity4553 degree. The Foot Posture Index (FPI6), a novel, foot-specific outcome measure, was adopted in order to quantify variation in the position of the foot. The findings were correlated with disease duration and presence or absence of anti- @entity5810 antibodies. RESULTS: About 84.6% @entity1 had different degrees of @entity4553 and 65.4% subjects had a pronated foot. These two foot alterations were prevalently found in @entity1 with long-standing disease and circulating anti- @entity5810 antibodies. On the contrary, @entity309 patients without anti- @entity5810 and @entity66 essentially displayed a supinated foot without relevant @entity4553 . CONCLUSION: Our findings allowed to identify different anatomic foot alterations in @entity309 @entity1 according to disease duration and negative prognostic factors such as anti- @entity5810 antibodies. Our findings support the role of an accurate analysis of foot structural damage and may suggest the usefulness of a @entity1411 also in early phases of the disease.

title: [Analysis of foot structural damage in XXXX : clinical evaluation by validated measures and serological correlations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus', 'Manchester Hallux Valgus', 'MHV', 'hallux valgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['correct plantar orthosis prescription']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity189 of the breast is associated with increased rates of lymph node @entity3 and lymphovascular invasion. While activating point mutations in @entity10160 (encoding @entity4357 -3-kinase catalytic subunit) or @entity584 are found in 25% to 30% of invasive @entity513 , the mutational profile of invasive @entity189 has not been characterized in detail. @entity189 , concurrent metastatic and precursor breast lesions from 19 @entity1 were identified. Lesional tissue was punched from paraffin-tissue blocks, and genomic DNA was extracted and screened for a large panel of known hotspot mutations using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and mass-spectroscopy analysis (643 mutations in 53 genes). Hotspot point mutations were identified in 35% (7/20) of @entity0 , including @entity10160 exons 7, 9 and 20 hotspots, as well as the @entity584 plekstrin homology domain mutation ( @entity29837 ); mutations in @entity876 and @entity984 were each found in a single @entity1 . In 6 @entity1 , micropapillary and non-micropapillary components of the same @entity5 were separately tested, yielding concordant results in five; one had a wild type micropapillary component, but a @entity10160 mutation in the invasive ductal component. Concurrent @entity1600 were mostly wild type (2/8 mutant). Accompanying @entity513 in situ had point mutations in 45% (5/11), mostly concordant with invasive @entity189 ; however, mutational status of other @entity1558 was generally discordant with accompanying @entity189 . The rate of @entity10160 mutations in this series of @entity189 is similar to invasive @entity513 ; however, there may be an enrichment of @entity584 mutations (10%). The non-micropapillary components and precursor lesions occasionally had different mutations.

title: PIK3CA-AKT pathway mutations in micropapillary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['micropapillary breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastases']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Micropapillary carcinoma', 'micropapillary carcinomas', 'Micropapillary carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas', 'ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity29837 :: ('p|SUB|E|17|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E17K']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Marine ecosystems are constantly being threatened by contaminants produced by @entity1 activities. There is an urge to better understand their impacts on marine organisms and develop reliable tools for biomonitoring studies, while also assessing their potential impacts on @entity1 health. Given their position on top of food webs, sharks are particularly susceptible to bioaccumulation, making them potential sentinel species of marine contamination. The main objective of this study was to find suitable biomarkers for future marine pollution biomonitoring studies by correlating biochemical responses with tissue contaminant body burden in @entity33804 ( @entity33804 ), a species heavily caught and consumed by @entity1 , while also addressing their general health. The chemical contaminants analysed comprised different persistent organic pollutants (POPs) families from polychlorinated compounds to @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and different trace and heavy metals. Concentrations of some contaminants in sharks' tissues were found to be above the legally allowed limits for @entity1 consumption. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed and some strong associations were found between biochemical responses and contaminants' accumulation levels. DNA damage and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as the inhibition of the antioxidant enzyme @entity2041 peroxidase, were the main effects and consequences of contamination. The impact of contamination on these vital macromolecules underlines the suboptimal conditions of the sampled @entity16156 , which can ultimately lead to the degradation of core ecological aspects, such as swimming, feeding, and reproduction. It can be concluded that @entity16156 demonstrates great potential to be used as environmental sentinel and suitable biomarker candidates were identified in this work. Moreover, this study also highlights the risks that the consumption of @entity33804 derived products can pose to @entity1 health, which is of upmost interest as the sampled organisms were still juveniles and already presented values above regulatory limits.

title: @entity33804 ( XXXX ) as bioindicators of pollution and health in the Atlantic Ocean: Contamination levels and biochemical stress responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['BFRs', 'brominated flame retardants']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity33804 :: ('7815', 'Species') :: ['Prionace glauca', 'blue shark', 'blue sharks']

answer: @entity33804 :: (7815,Species) :: ['Prionace glauca']


abstract: Adjuvant chemotherapy clearly reduces the odds of subsequent @entity0 recurrence, @entity3 , and mortality. There are three main areas of interest regarding adjuvant chemotherapy: (1) Should everyone receive it? (2) Is there an optimal regimen for everyone or selected individuals at this time? And (3) Can we improve on existing regimens? A multitude of investigations from around the world have addressed the three questions raised above. Increasingly we are able to identify both those @entity1 most likely to need adjuvant chemotherapy (prognosis) and, perhaps, those most likely to benefit from it (prediction). In this regard, web-based, multi-factorial calculators, best exemplified by Adjuvant!, permit a @entity1 and her caregiver to estimate her absolute odds of benefit from chemotherapy, thus better informing @entity1 in their assessment of benefits and risks (http://www.adjuvantonline.com/index.jsp). The answer to the next question, whether there is an optimal regimen, dose, and schedule of adjuvant chemotherapy, is, frankly, "no". Clinical research over the last four decades has strongly suggested the following principles: In summary, it is clear that adjuvant chemotherapy is beneficial for @entity1 with @entity5 @entity0 , and it is clear that selected regimens, based on specific agents, cumulative and cycle-specific dose, and schedule may affect the relative efficacy. It is not clear which @entity1 are most likely to benefit from any adjuvant chemotherapy at all, or from specific strategies. Thus, at this time there is no single standard type or duration of adjuvant chemotherapy, and physicians should choose from regimens that have proven benefit as demonstrated in randomized Phase III trials.

title: Is there a standard type and duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity5 XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early stage']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy of Garcinia kola 0.5% aqueous solution eye drops in @entity1 with newly diagnosed primary @entity1538 or @entity2790 ( @entity725 / @entity2145 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, double-masked, multicenter, active-controlled prospective study. @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned in equal numbers to receive @entity6839 0.5% eye drops as a control medication (A = Group 1 eyes) or Garcinia kola 0.5% eye drops as the study medication (B = Group 2 eyes). All drops were instilled at 6 am and 6 pm daily. Goldman applanation tonometry was performed at 9 am, 12 pm and 3 pm at baseline, week-6, week-12 and week-24 visits. Voluntary and actively elicited reports of adverse events were documented. The mean change in IOP over 24 weeks was the primary outcome measure. Both groups were compared for statistically significant differences at all visits. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 178 @entity1 were randomly assigned to G. kola and @entity6839 groups. At baseline there were no differences in mean IOP between groups, based on age, sex, or diagnosis. At the end of the study period (24(th) week), the mean (+/- SD) reduction in IOP was 12.93 +/- 2.3 mmHg (47.8% +/- 0.8% reduction) in G. Kola group and 13.09 +/- 2.8 mm Hg (48.2% +/- 1.03% reduction) in the @entity6839 group (P > 0.05). Adverse events were mild in nature with no statistically significant differences between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Garcinia kola ophthalmic solution significantly reduces IOP as compared to baseline. The IOP lowering effect of both treatments was equivalent.

title: Efficacy of Garcinia kola 0.5% Aqueous Eye Drops in @entity1 with Primary XXXX or Ocular Hypertension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['Open-Angle Glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of costimulatory molecules targeting distinct T-cell signaling pathways has provided a means for triggering and enhancing antitumor immunity; however, it is still not fully understood what types of costimulatory molecules are suitable for the combination in @entity5 therapy. Our purpose in this study is to establish an effective antitumor immune approach by using costimulatory molecule @entity30619 in combination with soluble PD-1. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The @entity19 @entity26246 hepatocarcinoma served as an ectopic @entity5 model. Local gene transfer was done by injection with naked plasmid p4-1BBL and/or psPD-1. The synergistic mechanism of dual-gene therapy was elucidated by detecting the change of gene expression of immunoregulatory factors in @entity5 microenvironment. The effects of immunotherapy were evaluated by testing the function of @entity5 -specific T cells, measuring @entity5 weight or volume, survival of @entity19 , and H_E staining of tissues. RESULTS: @entity30619 expressed by normal nonimmune cells effectively enhanced antitumor immune response but up-regulated @entity26327 and did not reduce @entity1618 and transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity641 ). sPD-1 synergized with @entity30619 to establish efficient antitumor immune environment, including down-regulation of @entity1618 and @entity641 , further up-regulation of @entity2047 and @entity60 , and higher CD8(+) T-cell infiltration. The combined treatment by @entity30619 /sPD-1 eradicated @entity5 from @entity19 with small amounts of preexistent @entity5 cells or @entity5 from approximately 60% of individuals with larger amounts of preexistent @entity5 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this report imply a great potential of @entity30619 in combination with sPD-1 in @entity5 therapeutics with the in vivo existent @entity5 cells as antigens.

title: Soluble PD-1 facilitates @entity30619 -triggered antitumor immunity against XXXX @entity26246 hepatocarcinoma in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of salvage therapy in @entity1 with @entity2622 recurrent after surgery have been dismal even when the disease was apparently confined to the pelvis. Concurrent chemoradiation is one of the several avenues being investigated to improve these results. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with recurrent @entity2622 were enrolled in the trial. Twenty-eight @entity1 (80%) had disease limited to the central pelvis (ten), lateral pelvis (fourteen) and vagina (four) and seven had paraortic @entity3 . @entity1 were treated with a combination of external radiotherapy (50-70 Gy) along with three cycles of @entity1487 (1000 mg/m2/24-hour continuous infusion days 1-4) and @entity3003 (75 mg/m2 in bolus days 1-4). RESULTS: Treatment was well tolerated, with 30 @entity1 (86%) completing the protocol as planned. Acute @entity137 was severe but manageable; 11 @entity1 (31%) experienced grades 3-4 acute @entity137 . Late morbidity occurred in five @entity1 (14%). Overall response rate was 74% (11 partial responses and 15 complete). After a median follow-up of 27 months (range 18-90), 13 @entity1 (37%) are alive without disease, 4 (11%) are alive with persistent disease and 18 (52%) are dead of their disease. Actuarial two-year survival rate for the series as a whole is 44% and three-year survival is 25%. Stage of the @entity66 , site of recurrence, interval from the primary therapy to recurrence, lymph node involvement, ureterohydronephrosis at the time of recurrence and diameter of the relapse are the most significant factors for survival, while complete response is related to diameter and site of relapse and lymph node status at the time of relapse. CONCLUSION: The acceptable @entity137 , high response rate and satisfying survival would suggest that concomitant @entity3003 / @entity1487 and radiotherapy is a safe and tolerable treatment for recurrent @entity2622 . Further studies are needed to demonstrate an eventual survival benefit of this type of chemoradiation over standard radiotherapy alone and to identify the subsets of @entity1 who in particular might benefit from this.

title: Concurrent @entity3003 / @entity1487 and radiotherapy for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix', 'cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: The Utah Birth Defect Network (UBDN) collects population-based data for Utah on births from all resident @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity1141 and epidemiologic characteristics/outcomes were evaluated. Cases categorized as a @entity1141 from all live births, @entity2209 , and pregnancy terminations (TAB) between 1999 and 2008 were reviewed by three clinical geneticists. After case review, 153 were included for analysis (88% live births, 3% stillborn, 9% TAB), and categorized by groupings defined by molecular, biochemical, and/or radiographic criteria as outlined in the 2010 Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders. The overall prevalence for @entity1141 was 3.0 per 10,000 births, and 20.0 per 10,000 @entity2209 . The most common diagnostic groups were @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ; n = 40; 0.79 per 10,000), @entity7344 (n = 22; 0.43 per 10,000), @entity5884 (n = 18; 0.35 per 10,000), and @entity8927 (n = 6; 0.12 per 10,000). The most common groups based on the 2010 Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders were the @entity2557 @entity1610 group (n = 41; 0.81 per 10,000), the @entity6926 /decreased bone density group (n = 40; 0.79 per 10,000), and the type 2 collagen group (n = 10; 0.2 per 10,000). Median age of postnatal diagnosis was 30 days (range 1-2,162). Of those deceased, 88% were prenatally suspected; of those alive 29% prenatally suspected. Median age of @entity204 for live born individuals was 1 day (range 1-1,450 days). Previously reported prevalence rates vary, but our data provide a population-based approach not limited to the perinatal/neonatal period. Understanding the range for survival within each group/diagnosis is beneficial for health care providers when counseling families.

title: XXXX in the Utah population.

entities_list: @entity7344 :: ('MESH:D013796', 'Disease') :: ['thanatophoric dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity5884 :: ('MESH:D000130', 'Disease') :: ['achondroplasia']

entities_list: @entity8927 :: ('MESH:D002973', 'Disease') :: ['cleidocranial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'OI']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal dysplasia', 'skeletal dysplasias']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['Analysis of skeletal dysplasias']


abstract: AIMS: Abnormal computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) often leads to stress testing to determine haemodynamic significance of @entity850 . We hypothesized that instead, this could be achieved by fusion imaging of the coronary anatomy with 3D echocardiography (3DE)-derived resting @entity296 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We developed fusion software that creates combined 3D displays of the coronary arteries with colour maps of longitudinal strain and tested it in 28 @entity1 with @entity662 , referred for CTCA (256 Philips scanner) who underwent 3DE (Philips iE33) and regadenoson stress CT. To obtain a reference for @entity850 significance, coronaries were also fused with colour maps of stress myocardial perfusion. 3D displays were used to detect stress perfusion defect (SPD) and/or resting @entity6475 (RSA) in each territory. CTCA showed 56 normal arteries, @entity850 <50% in 17, and >50% in 8 arteries. Of the 81 coronary territories, SPDs were noted in 20 and RSAs in 29. Of the 59 arteries with no @entity850 >50% and no SPDs, considered as normal, 12 (20%) had RSAs. Conversely, with @entity850 >50% and SPDs (haemodynamically significant), RSAs were considerably more frequent (5/6 = 83%). Overall, resting strain and stress perfusion findings were concordant in 64/81 arteries (79% agreement). CONCLUSIONS: Fusion of CTCA and 3DE-derived data allows direct visualization of each coronary artery and strain in its territory. In this feasibility study, resting strain showed good agreement with stress perfusion, indicating that it may be potentially used to assess haemodynamic impact of @entity3979 , as an alternative to stress testing that entails additional radiation exposure.

title: Non-invasive assessment of the haemodynamic significance of XXXX using fusion of cardiac computed tomography and 3D echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial deformation']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['strain abnormality']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety profile of ustekinumab with up to three years of exposure suggested a favorable benefit-risk profile in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of ustekinumab in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 treated for up to four years. METHODS: Safety data were pooled across four Phase II/III randomized controlled trials. Rates over time and cumulative rates of adverse events (AEs), AEs leading to treatment discontinuation, serious adverse events (SAEs), serious infections, @entity5 , and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (i.e., @entity65 , @entity583 [ @entity583 ], or @entity64 as adjudicated by an independent panel of @entity4207 ) were evaluated. Observed rates of AEs of interest were compared with those expected in the general ( @entity5 , @entity583 , and @entity64 ) and @entity1569 (serious infections, @entity583 , and @entity64 ) populations. RESULTS: Overall, 3,117 @entity1 were followed for up to four years (6,791 @entity1 -years). Rates of AEs, AEs leading to treatment discontinuation, and SAEs remained stable over time, whereas cumulative rates were generally comparable between @entity1 who received 45 mg and 90 mg of ustekinumab. The rates of AEs of interest also remained stable over time, and cumulative rates per 100 @entity1 -years were 0.80 and 1.32 (serious infections), 0.70 and 0.53 ( @entity1489 ), 0.63 and 0.61 (other @entity5 ), and 0.56 and 0.46 (MACE) in @entity1 treated with 45 mg and 90 mg, respectively. Rates of AEs of interest were consistent with those in the general and @entity1569 populations. CONCLUSION: The safety profile of long-term ustekinumab treatment with up to four years of continuous use remains consistent with previous reports, with no evidence of cumulative @entity137 .

title: An update on the long-term safety experience of ustekinumab: results from the XXXX clinical development program with up to four years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['academic cardiologists']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the anesthetic efficacy and local tolerance of topically applied 0.4% @entity20748 ophthalmic solution to in @entity235 and compare its effects with those of 1% @entity6513 solution. ANIMALS: 34 ophthalmically normal Beagles. PROCEDURES: @entity235 were assigned to 2 groups, and baseline @entity2687 threshold (CTT) was measured bilaterally with a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. @entity235 of group 1 (n = 22) received a single drop of 0.4% @entity20748 ophthalmic solution in one eye and saline (0.9% @entity1219 ) solution (control treatment) in the contralateral eye. @entity235 of group 2 (n = 12) received a single drop of 0.4% @entity20748 ophthalmic solution in one eye and 1% @entity6513 ophthalmic solution in the contralateral eye. The CTT of each eye was measured 1 and 5 minutes after topical application and then at 5-minute intervals until 75 minutes after topical application. RESULTS: CTT changes over time differed significantly between @entity20748 -treated and control eyes. After instillation of @entity20748 , maximal @entity2687 (CTT = 0) was achieved within 1 minute, and CTT was significantly decreased from 1 to 45 minutes, compared with the baseline value. No significant difference in onset, depth, and duration of @entity2687 was found between @entity20748 -treated and @entity6513 -treated eyes. @entity3169 and chemosis were detected more frequently in @entity6513 -treated eyes than in @entity20748 -treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Topical application of @entity20748 and @entity6513 similarly reduced corneal sensitivity in @entity235 , but @entity20748 was less irritating to the conjunctiva than was @entity6513 .

title: Degree and duration of @entity2687 after topical application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution in ophthalmically normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal touch', 'corneal anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['Conjunctival hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity20748 :: ('MESH:C005298', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybuprocaine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Most individuals demonstrate 29-30 CGG triple repeats on the @entity10308 gene. This may functionally represent a normal range in regard to ovarian reserve. Higher counts reflect risk towards premature ovarian senescence, but lower counts have not been investigated before and, therefore, were the principal subject of this investigation. Amongst 316 consecutive @entity249 @entity1 , 94 demonstrated <28 repeats (group A), 163 28-33 repeats (group B, considered normal repeat numbers) and 59 > or =34 repeats (group C). The three groups did not differ in age, FSH or anti-M  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) concentrations. Neither FSH nor @entity248 correlated in linear regression with <28 CGG repeats. In logistic regression, @entity248 of < or =0.8 ng/ml (indicative of diminished ovarian reserve at all ages) was, however, significantly associated with number of repeats (P < 0.001). Every decrease by five CGG repeats in group A increased the likelihood of diminished ovarian reserve by 40%, while every increase by five CGG repeats in group C increased risk by 50% (both P < 0.002). @entity248 of < or =0.8 ng/ml statistically correlated overall with decreasing triple CGG repeats throughout all ranges (P < 0.001). Approximately 29-30 CGG repeats appear reflective of normal ovarian reserve, with higher and lower counts denoting similar risks towards premature ovarian senescence.

title: Relevance of triple CGG repeats in the XXXX gene to ovarian reserve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity10308 :: (2332,Gene) :: ['FMR1']


abstract: The demonstrated existence of opioid and nonopioid forms of @entity158 control has raised questions as to how they interact. Previous indirect evidence suggests that activation of one system inhibited the activation of the other. The present study assessed this directly using @entity1286 as an opiate form of @entity1337 and @entity400 ( @entity400 , 4 degrees C, 2 min) as the nonopioid form. A significant reduction in @entity1286 (8 mg/kg, SC) @entity1337 on the tail-flick test was observed if @entity35 were acutely exposed to @entity400 immediately prior to @entity1286 administration. The inability of @entity1510 (10 mg/kg, SC) to reduce @entity400 @entity1337 verified its nonopioid nature. The antagonism of @entity1286 (3 mg/kg, SC) @entity1337 was greater following preexposure to 2 min of @entity400 than 1 min of @entity400 . @entity400 was also more effective in antagonizing @entity1337 induced by the 3 mg/kg than the 8 mg/kg dose of @entity1286 . The antagonism of @entity1286 @entity1337 by @entity400 was dependent upon the temporal patterning of stimulus presentation: exposure to @entity400 20 or 60 min prior to @entity1286 failed to alter subsequent @entity1286 @entity1337 . A significant reduction in @entity1337 induced by intraperitoneal administration of @entity1286 (10 mg/kg) was also observed when @entity400 was presented immediately prior to injection, suggesting that pharmacokinetic factors such as altered drug absorbance by @entity400 -induced vasoconstriction do not appear to explain these effects. These data provide direct support for the existence of collateral inhibitory mechanisms activated by @entity400 and @entity1286 , and suggests that these opioid and nonopioid forms of @entity1337 do not function synergistically, but instead involve some form of hierarchical order.

title: Antagonism of @entity1286 @entity1337 by nonopioid cold-water swim XXXX : direct evidence for collateral inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['continuous cold-water swims', 'CCWS']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare a total intravenous (IV) anesthetic technique based on @entity1875 and @entity680 with a commonly used anesthetic technique for craniotomy. DESIGN: Open-label, randomized, clinical study. SETTING: Neurosurgical clinic at a university hospital. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 , aged 18 to 55 years, scheduled for @entity1313 surgery. INTERVENTIONS: In 20 @entity1 , anesthesia was induced with @entity3575 and thiopental @entity1372 and maintained with @entity3575 , @entity6918 , @entity5161 , @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ), and a thiopental @entity1372 infusion. Twenty @entity1 were anesthetized with a @entity1875 loading infusion followed by a maintenance infusion at a fixed rate. In addition, @entity680 was administered as a loading bolus, followed by a variable-rate infusion, with additional doses as necessary to maintain hemodynamic stability. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A decrease in blood pressure (BP) after induction with thiopental @entity1372 was followed by a significant increase in BP and heart rate (HR) during intubation. BP and HR did not change during the @entity1875 loading infusion. However, the administration of @entity680 was followed by a similar decrease in BP with a return to baseline values during the intubation period. Return of normal orientation (7 +/- 5 minutes vs 27 +/- 23 minutes) and concentration (12 +/- 12 minutes vs 35 +/- 37 minutes) was shorter and more predictable for the @entity1875 - @entity680 -treated @entity1 than for the thiopental @entity1372 @entity1 . Maintenance @entity1875 concentration (nine @entity1 ) was between 3 +/- 0.69 micrograms/ml and 3.36 +/- 1.17 micrograms/ml, while the concentration at awakening was 1.09 microgram/ml. @entity680 concentration at extubation (nine @entity1 ) was 79 +/- 34 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: A total IV anesthetic technique with @entity1875 and @entity680 is a valuable alternative to a more commonly used technique based on thiopental @entity1372 , @entity3727 , @entity3575 , and @entity5161 .

title: Anesthesia for craniotomy: total intravenous anesthesia with @entity1875 and @entity680 compared to anesthesia with thiopental @entity1372 , XXXX , @entity3575 , and @entity3810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['Alfentanil', 'alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydrobenzperidol']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Impaired rheological properties of as well as cytotoxic substances produced by granulocytes may contribute to tissue damage in acute @entity385 . To assess changes in the properties of circulating granulocytes, we measured their adhesion, deformability, and @entity224 generation in the first 3 days after @entity385 . METHODS: Granulocytes from 18 male @entity1 and 20 age- and risk-matched controls were investigated. Adhesion to @entity19 laminin-, @entity1 fibronectin-, and bovine serum albumin-coated surfaces was measured with and without the stimulus @entity4514 and the antiadhesion antibody IB4. @entity224 anion formation was assessed by the reduction of ferricytochrome C. In a subgroup of 10 @entity1 and 11 controls, granulocyte deformability was determined using the micropipette aspiration technique. RESULTS: The @entity1 had significantly greater granulocyte adhesion to laminin (p less than 0.005) and fibronectin (p less than 0.05) but not bovine serum albumin. Cell stimulation enhanced the differences between the groups, whereas the antiadhesion antibody inhibited adhesion in both @entity1 and controls. There were no significant differences in granulocyte deformability. @entity224 production by granulocytes was significantly lower in the @entity1 without the stimulus (p less than 0.05) and with 10 nM @entity4514 (p less than 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that circulating granulocytes in @entity385 exhibit increased adhesive properties, a feature that represents one of the risk factors for granulocyte entrapment, impairment of microvascular flow, and tissue injury.

title: Granulocyte adhesion, deformability, and XXXX formation in acute stroke.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: Using a new antiserum, an enzymatic radioiodination of @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ), and the methodology of Robertson et al. (1,2), we have developed a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for plasma @entity1831 in the monkey. The sensitivity of the assay is 0.5 muU/ml, the cross reaction with @entity398 (OT), minimal. We used this assay to study the effects that variations in blood osmolality have in regulating @entity1831 secretion in unanesthetized, chair-restrained, chamber-isolated, adult female @entity2608 . Under water ad lib conditions, plasma @entity1831 and osmolality were relatively constant, averaging 1.7 +/- 0.6 (SD) muU/ml and 298 +/- 3 mosmol/kg, respectively. Water loading decreased plasma @entity1831 and osmolality to 0.6 +/- 0.2 muU/ml and 282 +/- 6 mosmol/kg, respectively. When fluid restriction increased osmolality, plasma @entity1831 rose progressively to twice the baseline after 1 day, and to 6 times the baseline after 3 days. The rise in plasma @entity1831 was linearly correlated with the rise in osmolality (r = 0.93; P less than 0.001). Intravenous infusions of hypertonic saline produced significant rises in plasma osmolality and plasma @entity1831 . There was a dose-related rise in plasma @entity1831 that declined later at the expected rate with the infusion of physiological amounts of synthetic @entity1831 .

title: Radioimmunoassay of @entity5463 in XXXX plasma.

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Rhesus monkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A role for the innate immune system in driving the autoimmune T cell cascade in @entity1569 has been proposed. @entity4516 play a role in @entity32 , @entity731 , and their specific role in @entity1569 remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity2938 and @entity2939 gene expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from psoriatic @entity1 . METHODS: Changes in @entity2938     4 gene expressions were evaluated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, from twenty-one @entity1 with severe @entity1569 , and analysed whether there was any correlation with cytokine plasma levels (T-helper 0-, T-helper 1-, T-helper 2- or regulatory T cells-type), or Calprotectin and with @entity2757 and @entity7966 gene expression levels. Eleven non-psoriatic healthy controls were analysed. RESULTS: A clear increase in @entity2939 gene expression was observed (3.84    0.93, n = 21) together with a moderate increase in @entity2938 expression (1.522    0.31, n = 21). Both @entity2939 and @entity2938 gene expressions were significantly augmented in psoriatic @entity1 compared with controls (all P < 0.001). Correlations between @entity2938 and @entity7966 gene expressions (r = 0.5145, P = 0.0170, n = 21); and between @entity2938 expression and plasma @entity1199 (r = 0.5667, P = 0.0074); @entity3646 (r = 0.4766, P = 0.0289), @entity688 (r = 0.4355, P = 0.0484) and @entity4047 (r = 0.4603, P = 0.0358), were found. When @entity1 with @entity1856 plaque were considered (n = 7), both @entity2939 (3.47    0.99, P = 0.0156) and @entity2938 (1.63    0.31, P = 0.0156) expressions were significantly increased vs. controls and correlated with plasma @entity310 (r = 0.8929, P = 0.0123, in both cases). CONCLUSION: Differential @entity2939     2 gene expressions on psoriatic peripheral blood mononuclear cells and correlations with regulatory and     or proinflammatory cytokines and     or damage-associated molecular pattern molecule @entity7966 emphasize innate immune response role in @entity1569 .

title: Increased gene expression of @entity2939 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The ARTIST (Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy in @entity5 ) trial was the first study to our knowledge to investigate the role of postoperative chemoradiotherapy therapy in @entity1 with curatively resected @entity356 with D2 lymph node dissection. This trial was designed to compare postoperative treatment with @entity416 plus @entity900 (XP) versus XP plus radiotherapy with @entity416 (XP/XRT/XP). @entity1 AND METHODS: The XP arm received six cycles of XP ( @entity416 2,000 mg/m2 per day on days 1 to 14 and @entity900 60 mg/m2 on day 1, repeated every 3 weeks) chemotherapy. The XP/XRT/XP arm received two cycles of XP followed by 45-Gy XRT ( @entity416 1,650 mg/m2 per day for 5 weeks) and two cycles of XP. RESULTS: Of 458 @entity1 , 228 were randomly assigned to the XP arm and 230 to the XP/XRT/XP arm. Treatment was completed as planned by 75.4% of @entity1 (172 of 228) in the XP arm and 81.7% (188 of 230) in the XP/XRT/XP arm. Overall, the addition of XRT to XP chemotherapy did not significantly prolong disease-free survival (DFS; P = .0862). However, in the subgroup of @entity1 with pathologic lymph node @entity3 at the time of surgery (n = 396), @entity1 randomly assigned to the XP/XRT/XP arm experienced superior DFS when compared with those who received XP alone (P = .0365), and the statistical significance was retained at multivariate analysis (estimated hazard ratio, 0.6865; 95% CI, 0.4735 to 0.9952; P = .0471). CONCLUSION The addition of XRT to XP chemotherapy did not significantly reduce recurrence after curative resection and D2 lymph node dissection in @entity356 . A subsequent trial (ARTIST-II) in @entity1 with lymph node-positive @entity356 is planned.

title: Phase III trial comparing @entity416 plus @entity900 versus @entity416 plus @entity900 with concurrent @entity416 radiotherapy in completely resected XXXX with D2 lymph node dissection: the ARTIST trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stomach Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have developed a "severity score" or "risk index" for mechanical ventilation and mortality, but there are few to predict outcomes for @entity130 ( @entity130 ) @entity1 . Our objective in this study was to develop a simple bedside additive predictive score for requirement for ventilation and early in-hospital mortality for @entity1 with @entity130 . METHODS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data obtained from 101 @entity1 (development set) after surgical stabilization of traumatic @entity130 was performed to identify independent predictors of the need for mechanical ventilation and of early in-hospital mortality. Predictors of @entity1576 and mortality (PRIM) scores were developed separately for ventilation and mortality by using the coefficients of the logistic regression model. The model was validated using the receiver operating characteristics curve to test its discriminatory ability and by comparing the predicted and observed outcomes. Validation was performed on an independent data set of 87 consecutive @entity1 (validation set) with traumatic acute @entity130 . RESULTS: Mechanical ventilation was required in 16.8% of the @entity1 , and the in-hospital mortality rate was 17.8% in the development set. Independent risk factors for mechanical ventilation were severe injury (American @entity3510 Association Impairment Scale Grades A and B), breath-holding time, @entity358 , hemodynamic instability, and progressive @entity16 . Scores of 15, 20, 25, 25, and 15 were assigned to these variables, respectively. Independent predictors of @entity204 were severe injury (American @entity3510 Association Impairment Scale Grades A and B), hemodynamic instability, progressive @entity16 , and mechanical ventilation. The scores assigned for each of the variables were 20, 20, 40, and 20, respectively. The PRIM scores for mechanical ventilation and mortality had excellent discrimination (area under receiver operating characteristics curve >0.75). There was good correlation between predicted and observed outcomes in the development set and the validation set. CONCLUSION: PRIM scores enable accurate prediction of individual @entity1 risk of need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality in association with acute @entity130 .

title: Development and validation of predictors of @entity1576 and mortality scores: simple bedside additive scores for prediction of ventilation and in-hospital mortality in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spine injury', 'CSI']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['cervical spine injury']


abstract: @entity1606 as a cause of @entity811 is a rare entity in the pediatric age group. An 11-year-old @entity1 presented with gross, painless @entity811 . Ultrasonogram and computed tomography scan of the @entity1 revealed a @entity5 in the posterolateral wall of the bladder. Cystoscopically, the mass was present in the bladder away from the trigone area about 2  cm lateral to the right ureteric orifice. Transurethrally, the @entity5 was excised by a cystoscope. Histopathologically, it was a low-grade noninvasive @entity150 . A follow-up cystoscopy at 6  months and 1  year had no recurrence. Literature review revealed the pediatric age group as an uncommon age for @entity150 , which has a different biological behavior of being low malignant potential compared to their adult counterpart. They have been treated with transurethral resection of @entity150 without any adjuvant therapy. There is no definite follow-up schedule for these @entity5 as it occurs in very small number of cases.

title: Urothelial Carcinoma in Pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'urothelial carcinoma of bladder', 'urothelial carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['Transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity6378 is an important complication in peritoneal dialysis @entity1 ; either continuous or recurrent @entity298 may enhance peritoneal damage. Even when the peritoneal dialysis catheter is removed in @entity1 with @entity6378 , peritoneal @entity82 can progress and evolve into encapsular peritoneal @entity1463 . It is unclear why @entity364 are worse than bacterial in these respects. Zymosan is a cell wall component of @entity375 that strongly activates the complement system. In this study, we compared the effects of zymosan and bacterial @entity558 on peritoneal @entity32 in a @entity35 @entity6378 model induced by mechanical scraping. Intraperitoneal administration of zymosan, but not @entity558 or vehicle, caused markedly enhanced @entity298 with massive infiltration of cells and deposition of complement activation products C3b and membrane attack complex on day 5. In @entity35 administered zymosan and sacrificed on days 18 or 36, peritoneal @entity32 persisted with accumulation of ED-1-positive cells, small deposits of C3b and membrane attack complex, exudation of fibrinogen, and capillary proliferation in subperitoneal tissues. When zymosan was administered daily for 5 days after peritoneal scrape, there was even greater peritoneal @entity32 with peritoneal thickening, inflammatory cell accumulation, and complement deposition. Inhibition of systemic complement by pretreatment with cobra venom factor or local inhibition by i.p. administration of the recombinant complement regulator @entity27367 -Ig reduced peritoneal @entity32 in zymosan-treated @entity35 . Our results show that @entity375 components augment @entity32 in the injured peritoneum by causing complement activation within the peritoneal cavity. Local anticomplement therapy may therefore protect from peritoneal damage during @entity364 of the peritoneum.

title: Zymosan, but not lipopolysaccharide, triggers severe and progressive @entity6378 accompanied by complement activation in a @entity35 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['fungal peritonitis', 'peritoneal injury', 'Fungal peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: We compared the degree in sympathetic blockade after @entity32537 (stellate ganglion block at the level of 7th vertebral transverse process) and the one after C6- @entity16412 ( @entity16412 at the level of 6th cervical transverse process) using infrared thermography. Forty @entity1 entered this study. @entity32537 was performed in 20 @entity1 using 5 ml of 1% plain @entity10541 at the anterior aspect of 7th cervical transverse process, and C6- @entity16412 in the remainder at the top of the anterior tubercle of 6th cervical transverse process. Thermography was performed before and 30 minutes after @entity16412 . Temperature differences between right and left side after @entity16412 were significantly larger than those before @entity16412 on all measured sites in two groups (P less than 0.001-0.05). On the thenar, the hypothenar, the first, the second, the fourth, and the fifth finger tips, changes of skin temperature in the @entity32537 group were significantly larger than in the C6- @entity16412 group (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences on the forehead or the cheek in two groups. All @entity1 showed Horner's sign. No severe side-effect occurred in either group. In conclusion, while effect of upper cervical sympathetic blockade after @entity32537 was similar to the one after C6- @entity16412 , effect of lower cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic blockade after @entity32537 was more effective than that after C6- @entity16412 .

title: [Thermographic assessments of the sympathetic blockade by stellate ganglion block (1) Comparison between C7-SGB and C6-SGB in 40 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Data sourcesElectronic searches were undertaken in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register as well as hand searching.Study selectionClinical @entity1 studies, either randomised or not, providing outcome data for dental implant failure in smokers and non-smokers in any group of @entity1 with no follow-up restrictions. @entity1 smoking a minimum of one cigarette a day were classified as smokers and implant failure was considered as the complete loss of the implant.Data extraction and synthesisThree authors independently participated in the inclusion criteria and disagreements were resolved by discussion. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using a scale to appraise observational studies. From the selected studies, data were extracted when available which included year of publication, study design, country, setting, number of @entity1 , type of smokers, age, follow-up, days of antibiotic prophylaxis, failure, @entity86 , marginal @entity604 , implant surface, dental arch receiving implants, type of prosthetic rehabilitation and opposing dentition. For the meta-analysis, implant failure and @entity86 were evaluated as dichotomous outcomes, while weighted mean differences were used for marginal @entity604 as a continuous outcome. The statistical unit was the implant. Heterogeneity was calculated using I(2) test.ResultsFrom 1432 records identified, 107 publications were included in the review for the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. One hundred and four studies compared implant failure rates. From the total studies, the authors judged 85 to be of high quality and 22 of moderate quality. The meta-analysis for failure rate resulted in a statistically significant overall result of risk ratio (RR) of 2.23 (95% CI 1.96-2.53) heterogeneity of I(2): 51%. The meta-analysis of four studies evaluating the risk of @entity86 in smokers presented a statistically significant result with an RR: 2.01, 95% CI 1.09-3.72, heterogeneity I(2): 0%, and the marginal @entity604 had an overall statistically significant difference of @entity601 0.32, 95% CI 0,21-043; heterogeneity in this case was I(2): 95%.ConclusionsThe insertion of implants in smokers affected the failure rates, the risk of @entity86 , as well as the marginal @entity604 . The results should be interpreted with caution due to the presence of uncontrolled confounding factors in the included studies.

title: The impact of smoking on failure rates, XXXX and marginal @entity604 of dental implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'postoperative infection']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infection']


abstract: Nano- and microparticulate carriers can exert a beneficial impact on the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. To investigate the relationships between carrier and antitumor pharmacodynamics, @entity1311 incorporated in liposomes (L-pac) was compared with the clinical standard formulated in Cremophor-EL/ @entity1068 (Cre-pac) in a @entity35 model of advanced primary @entity1313 . Three maximum-tolerated-dose regimens given by intravenous administration were investigated: 50 mg/kg on day 8 (d8) after implantation of 9L @entity5 ; 40 mg/kg on d8 and d15; 20 mg/kg on d8, d11, and d15. Body weight change and @entity1398 were assessed as pharmacodynamic markers of @entity137 . The pharmacodynamic markers of antitumor efficacy were increase in lifespan (ILS) and @entity5 volume progression, measured noninvasively by magnetic resonance imaging. At equivalent doses, @entity1398 was similar for both formulations, but weight loss was more severe for Cre-pac. No regimen of Cre-pac extended survival, whereas L-pac at 40 mg/kg x2 doses was well tolerated and mediated 26% ILS (p < 0.0002) compared with controls. L-pac at a lower cumulative dose (20 mg/kg x3) was even more effective (40% ILS; p < 0.0001). In striking contrast, the identical regimen of Cre-pac was lethal. Development of a novel semimechanistic pharmacodynamic model permitted quantitative hypothesis testing with the @entity5 volume progression data, and suggested the existence of a transient treatment effect that was consistent with sensitization or "priming" of @entity5 by more frequent L-pac dosing schedules. Therefore, improved antitumor responses of carrier-based @entity1311 formulations can arise both from dose escalation, because of reduced @entity137 , and from novel carrier-mediated alterations of antitumor pharmacodynamic effects.

title: Differential pharmacodynamic effects of @entity1311 formulations in an intracranial XXXX @entity1313 model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gliosarcoma tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Rituximab (Mabthera) is currently approved for the treatment of multiple subtypes of @entity2225 -expressing, B-cell, @entity1893 . This study aimed to investigate whether rapid infusion of rituximab over 90 min is feasible without compromising @entity1 's safety, and to reduce resource utilization at a @entity5 center. This is a prospective and open label study. @entity706 @entity1 who have received one cycle of rituximab without experiencing grade 3 or 4 infusional reaction were eligible for the rapid infusion of rituximab. Rapid infusion rituximab is infused over 90 min, with 20% of the dose given over the first 30 min and the remaining 80% over 60 min. A total of 79 @entity1 were recruited for this study with a total of 269 infusions administered. Sixty-nine @entity1 (87.3%) received rituximab in combination with chemotherapy. Average number of rituximab infusions administered to @entity1 was 3.4 cycles. Rapid rituximab infusion schedule was well tolerated without any grade 3/4 infusion-related adverse events observed. An average amount of time saved per @entity1 was 10.2 h. Rapid infusion rituximab over 90 min was well tolerated by @entity1 , and shortened infusions have resulted in substantial reduction of resource utilization.

title: A prospective study to evaluate the feasibility and economic benefits of rapid infusion rituximab at an Asian XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Over an 11-year period, 59 @entity1 (83 eyes) were treated with four-drug chemotherapy ( @entity900 , @entity2879 , @entity786 , and @entity1891 ) at Hacettepe University, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatric Oncology. We evaluated the clinical features, treatment modalities, and outcome of these @entity1 with a median follow-up of 55 months (range 9-130 months). Enucleation was performed as a first-line treatment for 30 eyes due to @entity1539 and @entity2297 , @entity5 in the anterior chamber regardless of the @entity5 stage, and for the @entity1 with the Reese-Ellsworth (RE) group Vb. Chemotherapy was given regardless of @entity5 stages according to the RE groups in all 59 @entity1 (83 eyes). Fifty-three eyes were treated with chemoreduction (CRD) and focal treatment. The rates of globe preservation were 87% for @entity5 and 35% for @entity5 in the CRD group. The 5-year overall (OS) and enucleation-free survival (EnFS) was 86.9% and 40%, respectively, for the whole group. At 3rd year, ocular survival rate for the eyes with vitreal or subretinal seeding was 58% and without seeding was 66% (P = .78). Seeding or subretinal collection may not indicate poor prognosis under intensive chemotherapy. The intensive four-drug chemotherapy protocol might have satisfactory results in the @entity995 ( @entity995 ) @entity1 .

title: The treatment of @entity995 with four-drug regimen including @entity900 , @entity2879 , @entity1891 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'bilateral tumors', 'unilateral tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'RBL']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the development, implementation, and effects of collaborative effort to reduce diversion of prescription drugs in Caldwell County, NC. DESIGN: Development and implementation of practice guideline, statewide opioid registry, and survey of all primary care providers. SETTING: Rural Caldwell County, NC, has a population of 83,029, of which 89 percent are non-Hispanic White; 2009 median household income of  35,489. @entity1 , @entity1 : All primary care clinicians in the county (N = 35). INTERVENTIONS: A task force developed and implemented a practice guideline that encouraged the following: 1) signing of @entity158 contracts; 2) requiring @entity1 to undergo random urine drug testing; and 3) requiring random pill counts. North Carolina implemented a statewide registry in 2007 that contained information on virtually all opioid prescriptions filled by pharmacies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Opioid pill confiscations by the Caldwell County Narcotics Division 24 months prior to implementation of the guidelines, the first 12 months during guideline implementation, and 12 months after the guideline was fully implemented. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2007, opioid pill confiscations decreased by 300 percent. Of the 35 physicians who were sent surveys, 27 responded (77 percent response rate). Ninety percent of respondents who prescribe opioids use the @entity1118 guidelines. Sixty percent report an improvement in the overall management of @entity1 with @entity1118 ; 65 percent reported having more confidence in treating @entity1 with @entity1118 ; and 60 percent reported using the opioid registry. CONCLUSIONS: This county wide medical initiative appears to have resulted in a significant improvement in the abuse and diversion of medically derived opioids.

title: Improving use of narcotics for nonmalignant XXXX : a lesson from Community Care of North Carolina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity419 positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) scan is a tool widely used in the diagnosis and @entity5 . Referral bias is present when the results of a diagnostic study affect the decision to proceed with definitive testing. This bias artificially increases the sensitivity and decreases the specificity, and may inappropriately alter the decision to undergo definitive testing. The accuracy of PET-CT scan in suspected @entity2 and the role of referral bias were investigated. METHODS: From January 2005 through June 2007, 584 consecutive @entity1 undergoing PET-CT scan for suspected @entity2 were studied. Endpoints measured included qualitative and quantitative results of PET-CT scans and pathologic results from @entity1 , who underwent invasive procedures for diagnosis, staging and/or therapy. A positive PET scan was defined as one in which the standard uptake value (SUV) was greater than 2.5. A standard mathematical model, based on overall results of PET-CT scan in all @entity1 , was used to create adjustments to account for the effect of referral bias. RESULTS: A total of 414 (71%) of PET-CT scans were reported as positive, while 170 (29%) were negative. Attempt at tissue diagnosis occurred in 417 @entity1 (71%); surgical intervention was performed in 246 (42%). Whereas 86% (355/414) of @entity1 with a positive PET-CT scan underwent tissue sampling, only 36% (62/170) with a negative PET-CT scan had an attempt (p<.001). In @entity1 with a positive study, a higher SUV was associated with an attempt at tissue diagnosis (p<.001). Before adjustment, the sensitivity and specificity of the PET-CT scan for any @entity5 were 87% and 43%. After adjustment, sensitivity fell to 75%, while specificity rose to 64%. The unadjusted sensitivity of PET-CT scan for detecting mediastinal disease was only 79%. CONCLUSIONS: The estimate of the accuracy of PET-CT scan is significantly influenced by referral bias, and a strong reliance is placed on its results. Furthermore, @entity1 with a positive PET-CT scan are more likely to undergo tissue sampling as the SUV increases. Given the relatively low sensitivity of the PET-CT scan in detecting disease and its poor performance in the mediastinum, the PET-CT scan may have too high an impact on the decision to undergo further invasive diagnostic procedures. @entity1 should not be deferred from tissue sampling based solely on a negative PET-CT scan.

title: XXXX positron emission tomography-computerized tomography and @entity2 : a significant referral bias exists.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staging of lung cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['[(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic injection therapy with combined @entity3080 and @entity4831 for @entity548 @entity2312 . METHODS: The medical records of cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic @entity1 who underwent at least one episode of endoscopic application of @entity7548 - @entity4831 mixture for gastric varices at our gastroenterology clinic between October 2004 and January 2010 were reviewed. The technique comprised the dilution of 0.5 mL of @entity3080 with 0.5 mL of @entity4831 and repeating intravariceal injections of 1.0 mL each until hemostasis was achieved. RESULTS: A total of 66 @entity1 (41 male and 25 female) with gastric varices underwent 86 endoscopic injections of @entity3080 for hemostasis. Overall 38 @entity1 (57.6%) had active @entity548 during the endoscopic procedure, while the remaining 28 (42.4%) underwent @entity3080 under elective conditions. In one @entity1 (1.5%) hemostasis could not be achieved, prompting referral for emergency surgery. The median number of sessions was one (range 1-3). Eleven @entity1 (16.6%) rebled during a median follow-up period of 6.02 months (0.1-62.4 months). There was no @entity548 -related @entity204 . One @entity1 developed @entity1188 a day after @entity7548 injection. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic injection therapy combining @entity3080 and @entity4831 is effective for @entity548 @entity2312 .

title: Effect of endoscopic injection therapy with combined @entity3080 and @entity4831 for XXXX gastric varices: A single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['splenic infarction']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric fundal varices']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Evidence of health inequities associated with sexual orientation has been gathered for industrialized countries. The situation for lesbians, gay males, and bisexuals (LGB) from middle- or low-income countries may be worse than those in industrialized nations. Here, we analyze the relationship of sexual orientation with self-rated health and cigarette and @entity167 use among a representative sample of Mexican adolescents and youths between the ages of 12 and 29 years, in order to explore whether this association is mediated by discrimination and violence. Three dimensions of sexual orientation (affective attraction, @entity146 , and identity) were assessed. The outcomes were self-rated health and cigarette and @entity167 use. Compared to heterosexuals, LGB youths more frequently smoked >or=6 cigarettes per day, reported having experienced family violence, having crimes perpetrated against them, and having experienced violations of their rights. Among males, gays and bisexuals exhibited a higher risk of poor health than heterosexuals. Compared to heterosexual @entity1 , lesbians and bisexual @entity1 were more likely to consume @entity167 . Many differences in self-rated health and substance use according to sexual orientation were explained by having experienced discrimination and violence. We concluded that lesbian and bisexual females have a higher prevalence of cigarette and @entity167 use. It is necessary to develop policies and programs aimed at the reduction of @entity734 among LGB youths (focusing on females who engage in sexual contact with @entity1 of the same gender) and to work against discrimination and violence experienced by LGB @entity1 , particularly against non-heterosexual males.

title: The association of sexual orientation with self-rated health, and cigarette and XXXX use in Mexican adolescents and youths.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']