abstract: The neuropeptide substance @entity10133 ) released from airway sensory C fibers accelerates mucociliary activity, and C fibers in the airways are stimulated by various irritants including @entity3265 ( @entity3655 ) vapor. The short-term effects of @entity3655 vapor on mucociliary function in the in the maxillary sinus of @entity95 anesthetized with @entity4774 were investigated by a photoelectric technique. Challenges with 1.5 ml @entity3655 increased mucociliary activity dose-dependently, the maximal response being 26.6 +/- 1.6%. The increase appeared within 1.3 +/- 0.3 s after exposure. @entity3897 and @entity4033 decreased the effect of @entity3655 , indicating that part of the response was mediated by cholinergic effector neurons, but a noncholinergic effect clearly remained. Pretreatment with large doses of @entity2951 (13 mg i.a.) abolished the response, whereas the SP antagonist (D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9) SP inhibited the noncholinergic response. Challenges with @entity3655 vapor also decreased the respiratory rate. An identical response was noticed during injections with the @entity7183 stimulant @entity2951 . Together these results indicate that @entity3655 vapor triggers a mucociliary protective reflex in the airways, involving @entity2951 -sensitive C fibers. The recorded increase of mucociliary activity is probably due to the combined effect on the mucociliary system of both SP and @entity934 released from the afferent and efferent part of the reflex arc, respectively.

title: Stimulation of C fibers by XXXX vapor triggers mucociliary defense reflex.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 38-year-old previously healthy Swiss presented with acute onset of progressive @entity425 in his legs in the morning hours after a @entity1735 -rich meal the preceding evening. Examination on admission revealed symmetrical paresis affecting the upper and lower limbs without involvement of the respiratory muscles. @entity1378 was suspected. Similar symptoms three weeks before admission had earlier resolved spontaneously. INVESTIGATIONS: Laboratory tests revealed severe @entity1371 of 1.4 mmol/l. @entity1378 , caused by Grave's disease, was confirmed and a diagnosis of @entity8598 ( @entity912 ) was made. TREATMENT AND FOLLOW-UP: After initiating @entity972 replacement paresis was observed to disappear within three hours. Symptomatic treatment with @entity1169 and thyrostatic treatment with @entity5012 prevented further episodes of paresis. CONCLUSION: @entity8598 @entity3935 periodic paresis is a rare but increasingly common medical condition among @entity1 living in Western Europe. Diagnostically one's attention should turn to @entity912 at the presentation of acute paresis in combination with @entity1371 , especially in young @entity1 . Serious @entity358 can be avoided with early diagnosis and treatment.

title: [ XXXX @entity912 following rice consumption].

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5012 :: ('MESH:D002231', 'Chemical') :: ['carbimazole']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity8598 :: ('MESH:D020514', 'Disease') :: ['Hypokalemic', 'hypokalemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity8598 :: (MESH:D020514,Disease) :: ['Hypokalemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) have a better prognosis when systolic function is preserved as compared with those with depressed systolic function. METHODS: Data from consecutive @entity1 presenting to the emergency department at Brigham and @entity1 's Hospital from January 1997 to December 2002 who had a diagnosis of @entity955 and @entity712 and a measure of ejection fraction (EF) were reviewed. Vital status was determined from the Social Security Death Index. RESULTS: Of 478 @entity1 (mean age 74 +/- 13 years; 47% @entity1 ), EF was preserved (> 50%) in 46%. Those with preserved left ventricular (LV) function were older (76 vs 72 years, P < .0020), included more @entity1 (62 vs 35%, P < .0001), more likely to have a history of @entity101 and @entity358 and less likely to have had a prior @entity583 . At 5 years, mortality was similar between the preserved and depressed EF groups (50% vs 48%, P = .74). In multivariable analysis, age > 75 years, history of @entity5 , @entity66 , @entity886 , serum @entity1011 > 2.0 mg/dL, and serum sodium < 130 mmol/L were associated with increased mortality. Therapy with beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker were associated with lower mortality. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who present to the emergency department with @entity955 , @entity712 , and preserved LVEF have a similarly high mortality as compared with those with depressed LVEF. Further study is needed to assess the impact of therapies and clarify the reasons for the poor prognosis.

title: XXXX in @entity712 : high mortality risk even if ventricular function is preserved.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of @entity7046 versus @entity6727 in the treatment of uncomplicated culture positive @entity221 . DESIGN: A randomized, open-label, active control trial with two parallel arms. SETTING: Emergency Room and Outpatient Clinics in Patan Hospital, Lagankhel, Lalitpur, Nepal. @entity1 : @entity1 with clinically diagnosed uncomplicated @entity221 meeting the inclusion criteria. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were allocated to receive one of two drugs, @entity7046 or @entity6727 . The dosages used were @entity7046 10 mg/kg, given once daily for 7 days, or @entity6727 20 mg/kg/day given in two divided doses for 7 days. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was @entity221 clearance time. The secondary outcome measure was overall treatment failure ( @entity810 and relapse). RESULTS: Randomization was carried out in 390 @entity1 before enrollment was suspended on the advice of the independent data safety monitoring board due to significant differences in both primary and secondary outcome measures in the two arms and the attainment of a priori defined endpoints. Median (95% confidence interval) @entity221 clearance times were 92 hours (84-114 hours) for @entity7046 recipients and 138 hours (105-164 hours) for @entity6727 -treated @entity1 (Hazard Ratio[95%CI] = 2.171 [1.545-3.051], p<0.0001). 19 out of 70 (27%) @entity1 who completed the 7 day trial had acute clinical failure in the @entity6727 group as compared to 1 out of 88 @entity1 (1%) in @entity7046 group(Odds Ratio [95%CI] = 0.031 [0.004 - 0.237], p<0.001). Overall treatment failure @entity1 (relapsed @entity1 plus @entity810 @entity1 @entity204 ) numbered 29. They were determined to be (95% confidence interval) 37.6 % (27.14%-50.2%) in the @entity6727 group and 3.5% (2.2%-11.5%) in the @entity7046 group (HR[95%CI] = 0.084 [0.025-0.280], p<0.0001). There was one death in the @entity6727 group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study, @entity7046 is a better treatment for uncomplicated @entity221 as compared to @entity6727 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN75784880.

title: An open randomized comparison of @entity7046 versus @entity6727 for the treatment of uncomplicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7046 :: ('MESH:C078049', 'Chemical') :: ['Gatifloxacin', 'gatifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute treatment failure']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefixime', 'cefixime']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['plus death']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['enteric fever', 'fever']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['enteric fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM) allows in vivo investigation of pulmonary microstructures. However, the bronchial epithelium can only be imaged using exogenous fluorophores. The objective of this study is to compare @entity6693 (MB) and @entity11381 genotoxicity and to assess FCFM performance for in vivo imaging of @entity1613 . METHODS: Genotoxicity was assessed using the comet assay on both cultured @entity1 lymphocytes and @entity1 cells, which had been exposed to MB or @entity11381 before being illuminated at 660 or 488  nm, respectively. FCFM was performed on @entity1613 in the hamster cheek pouch model, following topical application of the fluorophores. FCFM data were analyzed according to histology. RESULTS: No genotoxicity was found using 0.01% (w/v) MB after illumination at 660  nm for 2 and 15  min (5  mW). @entity11381 exposure (0.025%) led to DNA damages, increasing from 2 to 15  min of light exposure at 448  nm in both lymphocytes (83.4 to 88%, p   =   0.021) and @entity1 cell populations (79.9 to 84.6%, p   =   0.045). In total, 11 @entity189 , 24 @entity1373 , and 17 @entity1141 lesions were imaged using FCFM in vivo. With both fluorophores, the cellular density increased from @entity1373 to high-grade @entity1141 (p   <   0.05). With MB, the cellular diameter significantly decreased (48.9 to 13.9   m) from @entity1373 to @entity189 (p   <   0.05). In this model, a cut-off diameter of 30   m enabled the diagnosis of high-grade lesions with a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 97%. CONCLUSION: @entity6693 can be used safely to image @entity1613 in vivo. This study does not support the use of @entity11381 in @entity1 .

title: Safety and performance analysis of XXXX and @entity6693 for in vivo imaging of @entity1613 using fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM): an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['reserve cell hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue', 'Methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity11381 :: ('MESH:D000167', 'Chemical') :: ['acriflavine', 'Acriflavine']

answer: @entity11381 :: (MESH:D000167,Chemical) :: ['acriflavine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sacral neuromodulation is well established in the treatment of refractory, non- @entity1973 , but its efficacy and safety in @entity1 with lower urinary tract dysfunction of neurological origin is unclear. Only few case series have been reported for @entity15 . We prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of sacral neuromodulation in @entity1 with @entity15 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 (13 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ) treated with sacral neuromodulation for refractory @entity1973 caused by @entity15 were prospectively enrolled (2007-2011). @entity1 had to have stable disease and confirmed @entity1973 . Voiding variables, adverse events, and subjective satisfaction were assessed. RESULTS: Sixteen (94  %) @entity1 had a positive test phase with a >70  % improvement. After implantation of the pulse generator (InterStim II), the improvement in voiding variables persisted. At 3  years, the median voided volume had improved significantly from 125 (range 0 to 350) to 265  ml (range 200 to 350) (p   <   0.001), the post void residual from 170 (range 0 to 730) to 25  ml (range 0 to 300) (p   =   0.01), micturition frequency from 12 (range 6 to 20) to 7 (range 4 to 12) (p   =   0.003), and number of @entity322 episodes from 3 (range 0 to 10) to 0 (range 0 to 1) (p   =   0.006). The median subjective degree of satisfaction was 80  %. Only two @entity1 developed lack of benefit. No major complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic sacral neuromodulation promises to be an effective and safe treatment of refractory @entity1973 in selected @entity1 with @entity15 .

title: Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of @entity1973 caused by XXXX : a single-centre prospective series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The drop in plasma albumin concentration following surgical @entity130 is well known, but the temporal pattern of the detailed mechanisms behind are less well described. The aim of this explorative study was to assess changes in albumin synthesis and transcapillary escape rate (TER) following major surgical @entity130 , at the time of peak elevations in two well-recognized markers of @entity32 . METHODS: This was a clinical trial of radiolabeled human serum albumin for the study of TER and plasma volume. Ten @entity1 were studied immediately preoperatively and on the 2nd postoperative day after major pancreatic surgery. Albumin synthesis rate was measured by the flooding dose technique employing incorporation of isotopically labelled @entity815 . RESULTS: Fractional synthesis rate of albumin increased from 11.7 (95% CI: 8.9, 14.5) to 15.0 (11.7, 18.4) %/day (p = 0.027), whereas the corresponding absolute synthesis rate was unchanged, 175 (138, 212) versus 150 (107, 192) mg/kg/day (p = 0.21). TER was unchanged, 4.9 (3.1, 6.8) %/hour versus 5.5 (3.9, 7.2) (p = 0.63). Plasma volume was unchanged but plasma albumin decreased from 33.5 (30.9, 36.2) to 22.1 (19.8, 24.3) g/L. (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Two days after major abdominal surgery, at the time-point when two biomarkers of generalised @entity32 were at their peak and the plasma albumin concentration had decreased by 33%, we were unable to show any difference in the absolute synthesis rate of albumin, TER and plasma volume as compared with values obtained immediately pre-operatively. This suggests that capillary leakage, if elevated postoperatively, had ceased at that time-point. The temporal relations between albumin kinetics, capillary leakage and generalised @entity32 need to be further explored. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrialsregister.eu: EudraCT 2010-08529-21 ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01194492.

title: Albumin Kinetics in XXXX Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: We present a 50-year-old male who suffered from @entity63 , having undergone massive resection of small intestine and ileocecal valve. He had to cope with 40   cm proximal jejunum and 70   cm distal colon remaining. In the postoperative period @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) was used immediately for nutrition support and electrolyte imbalance correction. We gave him home @entity3147 as regular recommendation for the short bowel status after discharge from hospital. This @entity1 has tolerated regular oral intake 2 months later and did not develop significant @entity5277 . There were several episodes of @entity1211 which troubled this @entity1 and admitted him for treatment during home @entity3147 . Therefore, we changed home @entity3147 to cyclic tapering pattern. The @entity1 could maintain his nutrition and hydration with oral intake alone after tapering home @entity3147 15 months later. He has survived more than one year without @entity3147 support and still maintained 80% ideal body weight with average albumin of 3.5    0.2   mg/dL. Although @entity1 was hospitalized every two months to supplement nutrients, however, this has greatly improved the quality of life.

title: A Short Bowel (Small Intestine = 40   cm), No Ileocecal Valve, and Colonic Inertia XXXX Works Well with Oral Intake Alone without Parenteral Nutrition.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous access infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: In order to characterize the pulmonary maturity during ontogenetic development the following parameters were determined in the lungs of 30 fetuses respectively newborns with a weight between 15 and 4450 g: Water content (WC), @entity348 ( @entity348 ), lecithin concentration (LC), @entity4291 concentration (SPC) and surface activity (SA) of the extracts. The water content decreases with increasing gestation age. The @entity348 and the lecithin concentration increase during the ontogenetic development. The @entity4291 concentration remains approximately constant during lung development. No significant correlation exists between phospholipid content and surface activity. A relatively high @entity348 and a high SA was found in a 43 g-fetus (about 14th week of gestation). This result suggests, that the surfactant-system of the lung is produced earlier than supposed till now. Lungs of @entity1 who developed @entity649 ( @entity649 ) have a low concentration of @entity348 . The lecithin/ @entity4291 -ratio rises as gestation progresses. Lungs of @entity649 - @entity1 have - similarly in amniotic fluid - a low lecithin/ @entity4291 -ratio.

title: [The appearance of surface-active phospholipids of the surfactant-system of the lung during ontogenetic development of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TPC', 'total phospholipid content']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Predicting outcomes of foetuses with @entity4924 and @entity1145 continues to be challenging. Limited data exist on the prognostic significance of prenatal haemodynamic and functional parameters in this population. Our aim was to investigate the prognostic significance of haemodynamic and ventricular functional parameters in addition to associated morphometric parameters in @entity1 with @entity4924 . We reviewed medical records of foetuses with @entity4924 and @entity1145 at All @entity1 's Hospital Johns Hopkins Medicine and Johns Hopkins University between 2005 and 2012. The main outcome was survival past 30 days from birth; @entity1 who died in utero or <30 days after birth were considered non-survivors. There were 13 survivors and seven non-survivors. We found that @entity1 with abnormal right ventricular function predicted by low @entity997 velocity (<2.3 m/second) (p=0.012) and low estimated right ventricular pressure (<24 mmHg) (p=0.029), a low (<7) cardiovascular profile score (p=0.029) and high (>0.53) cardiothoracic ratio (p=0.008) at the first foetal echocardiogram were less likely to survive. In addition, @entity1 with a fossa ovalis/atrial septal length ratio <0.36 at the last foetal echocardiogram (p=0.051) were more likely to die, albeit of borderline statistical significance. Low @entity997 velocity and low right ventricular estimated pressure, or a low cardiovascular profile score could be potential prognostic factors for @entity4924 and @entity1145 . However, future larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these initial findings.

title: Impact of prenatal haemodynamic and functional abnormalities in XXXX on survival.

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid valve dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's anomaly"]

answer: @entity4924 :: (MESH:D004437,Disease) :: ['Ebstein's anomaly']


abstract: Rituximab, an anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody, is widely used in the treatment of @entity1892 . Some reports have outlined histologic modifications in bone marrow specimens from @entity1 treated with this antibody, notably the presence of CD3(+) @entity706 morphologically mimicking @entity706 . To gain insight into the significance of such infiltrates, serial BM trephines obtained in 39 @entity1 with B-cell @entity706 treated by rituximab and enrolled in the GOELAMS-GELA intergroup FL2000 protocol were reexamined. The 39 @entity1 were 22 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 with a median age of 50 years (range, 29-75 years). All pretreatment bone marrow biopsies showed @entity2225 (+) lymphomatous cells. A second biopsy was obtained between 30 and 100 days after the last rituximab injection: 19 (48%) were morphologically diagnosed as negative (no lymphoid infiltrates or only minor @entity706 ) and 20 (51%) as positive because of persistent lymphoid nodules. After immunohistochemical analysis, 13 (33%) cases were reinterpreted as false-positive because of the complete absence of @entity2225 (+) cells, with the lymphoid nodules consisting of CD3(+) and @entity5893 (+) T cells. Most of them also expressed @entity404 (+), whereas only a few @entity405 (+) cells were present. Among these 13 false-positive cases, 12 were @entity588 - @entity7513 polymerase chain reaction-negative in the bone marrow aspirate at the time of biopsy. The 13th case turned out to be negative in the 18th-month bone marrow aspirate. In all of these cases, @entity706 had disappeared on bone marrow biopsies performed 18 months after treatment. After a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, 9 of 13 @entity1 were in remission as compared with only 2 among the 7 @entity1 with postrituximab persistent @entity2225 (+) lymphomatous cells. There was no statistically significant difference between this false-positive group of @entity1 and that with negative postrituximab bone marrow regarding sex, age, medullar involvement pattern before treatment, delay between rituximab treatment, and molecular status. Interestingly, we noted a more favorable outcome (70% versus 52% remission) for the false-positive cases, suggesting that these T-cell reactions could be the hallmark of specific antitumoral immunity after rituximab treatment and should be properly investigated.

title: T-cell @entity706 in bone marrow after rituximab therapy for B-cell XXXX : a marker of therapeutic efficacy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['residual lymphoma', 'lymphoid aggregates', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of Internet and social media is increasing in every area of life. Parents are increasingly using online mediums to seek information about their @entity1 's health. Therefore, this is becoming an increasingly important topic area for health professionals to acknowledge. Developing an understanding about the dissemination of @entity1 health information through these online mediums will assist health professional to continue to engage and support parents to seek and share accurate and safe @entity1 health information. AIM: To explore parents' use of asynchronous online discussion boards for @entity1 health information seeking, advice and social support. METHOD: A qualitative descriptive approach using an a priori template analysis was used to explore 34 discussions threads sampled from two Australian based online parenting discussion forums. To contain the scope of this study the threads chosen focused on @entity28 in the Australian context. RESULTS: Four major themes related to parents' use of asynchronous online discussion boards were found. These were seeking advice, sharing advice, social support and making judgement. This final theme of making judgements included parents' perceptions of health professionals' advice. CONCLUSION: Asynchronous online discussion boards are online mediums being utilised for seeking and sharing @entity1 health related information and support between parents. The notion

title: Friend or foe? An exploratory study of Australian parents' use of asynchronous discussion boards in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if a solution of 1.5% @entity10541 diluted with 5% @entity413 , which decreases the @entity1372 concentration by 30%, results in reduced volume requirements for a complete sensory block, in the case of an ultrasound guided popliteal nerve block. DESIGN: A randomized controlled study. SETTING: Operating room. @entity1 : We included seventy ASA 1-3 @entity1 , undergoing unilateral " @entity4553 " repair under ultrasound guided popliteal nerve block. INTERVENTIONS: An ultrasound guided popliteal nerve block was performed on all @entity1 , with 1.5% @entity10541 using the normal dilution ( @entity11702 group, thirty-five @entity1 ) or the 5% dextrose dilution (D5 group, thirty-five @entity1 ). Starting with 25ml in each group, increasing or decreasing it by 1ml on subsequent @entity1 , depending on the success or failure in the previous one (Dixon's "up-and-down" sequential allocation). MEASUREMENTS: Effective dose in 50, 90, and 95% of @entity1 (ED50, ED90, and ED95) of 1.5% @entity10541 in both groups. Onset time and duration of the blocks, side effects, and @entity16 . MAIN RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between ED50 in @entity11702 group (6.2ml; 95% confidence interval, 5.2-7.5), and D5 group (5.8ml; 95% CI, 5.1-7). Also no statistically significant differences in ED90 (7.7ml, 95% CI 6.9-8.1 in the D5 group; 7.8ml, 95% CI 7-8.1 in the @entity11702 ) or in ED95 (7.9ml, 95% CI 7.1-8.2 in the D5 group; 8ml, 95% CI 7.2-8.2 in the @entity11702 ) were found. Onset time for a complete sensory block in D5 group was 14min (95% CI, 12-17) and 15min in @entity11702 (95% CI, 13-18), p=0.66. Neither severe side effects, nor @entity16 were reported. CONCLUSIONS: A dilution of 1.5% @entity10541 with 30% less @entity1372 concentration does not decrease volume requirement for ultrasound guided sciatic nerve block at popliteal level.

title: Effective volumes of 1.5% XXXX with different @entity1372 concentration for ultrasound guided popliteal block.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity10541 :: (MESH:D008619,Chemical) :: ['mepivacaine']


abstract: Ten prepuberal Simmental X Brahman-Hereford heifers (average weight 208 +/- 4 kg) were randomly assigned to receive either 2.7 kg/head/day of ground @entity1101 containing 0 mg @entity6193 (C) or 2.7 kg/head/day of ground @entity1101 containing 200 mg @entity6193 (M). Both groups of animals (n = 5) received Coastal bermudagrass hay ad libitum throughout the trial. On day 21 of the feeding period all heifers were fitted with jugular cannulas. Immediately after cannulation, the heifers were injected IM with 100 microgram of @entity1176 ( @entity1176 ) and blood was collected every 10 min for 4 hours. Four hours after the first @entity1176 challenge, a second 100-microgram @entity1176 injection was administered, and blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for an additional 5 hours. Serum was stored at -20 C until radioimmunoassayed for luteinizing hormone (LH). The amount of LH released after each @entity1176 injection was greater in the heifers fed M than in the controls (P less than .05). Peak LH after the first @entity1176 challenge was greater (P less than .05) in heifers fed M than in controls. The area under th first @entity1176 induced LH curve tended (P less than .20) to be greater for the M group than for the controls. Peak LH concentration was greater in heifers fed M than in control heifers, as the duration (P less than .05) and area under the second @entity1176 -induced LH curve. In prepuberal heifers, dietary @entity6193 appears to increase hypophyseal capability of releasing LH after a first and second @entity1176 challenge.

title: The effect of dietary XXXX on th luteinizing hormone response of prepuberal heifers given a multiple gonadotropin-releasing hormone challenge.

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['monensin', 'monensin sodium']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRH', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity6193 :: (MESH:D008985,Chemical) :: ['monensin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Context     A large subset of the population is afflicted with a wide range of food-related inflammatory conditions, with at least 100 million @entity1 affected worldwide. The @entity8428 /immunoglobulin G (IgG) test measures both the innate and adaptive responses of the immune system. Objective     The study intended to validate the @entity8428 /IgG test for @entity6766 for its ability to manage the symptoms of @entity1 with intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. Design     The research team designed a retrospective study based on a cohort of @entity1 treated at a medical center. Setting     The @entity1 were seen at Progressive Medical Center of Atlanta, an integrative medicine clinic, and @entity1 ' samples were analyzed at Dunwoody Laboratory. @entity1     The study included 30 individuals, 9 males and 21 females, ranging in age from 7-71 y who presented with symptoms associated with @entity6766 . Intervention     The study reviewed the treatment and results of @entity1 who were placed on an exclusion dietary regimen for treatment of possible @entity6766 . From an initial @entity8428 /IgG test, foods causing elevated anti- @entity8428 /IgG, with the exception of ones causing mild reactions, were identified and eliminated from each @entity1 's diet. Outcome Measures     At baseline and at an average of 10.7 mo on the dietary regimen, 2 @entity8428 /IgG tests were performed on each patient's serum by the method of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both food sensitivities and chief complaints were reassessed in that second test to determine if @entity1 ' symptoms improved with food elimination. Outcomes were based on the status of the @entity1 ' primary complaints. Results     @entity1 who complied with the avoidance of anti- @entity8428 /IgG dietary antigens demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in @entity8428 /IgG-testing sensitivity and a marked reduction in symptoms that they had reported before beginning the diet. The P values were .000002, .007, and .001 for changes in the severe, high, and moderate test results, respectively, between the initial and second test. Conclusion     Overall, @entity1 ' well-being improved when @entity8428 /IgG @entity6766 decreased as a result of an exclusion diet, demonstrating that food removal based on the @entity8428 /IgG test could be an effective approach to @entity1 ' care.

title: The Relevance of Using the XXXX /Immunoglobulin G Test in Clinical Intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food sensitivity']

answer: @entity8428 :: (100861467,Gene) :: ['C3d']


abstract: @entity1118 is a problem among @entity1 with @entity1566 , but the psychosocial factors associated with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) @entity158 are not well understood. To understand @entity1566 further, 54 @entity1 (19 with @entity1688 and 35 with @entity451 ) completed the Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait @entity148 Inventory, Profile of Mood States, Acceptance of Disability Scale and @entity1566 Interference Scale. Forty-two @entity1 stated they had @entity1566 and completed the Multidimensional @entity158 Inventory and the @entity158 Experience Scale. Results revealed that anger and negative cognitions were associated with greater @entity158 severity. @entity1 who reported @entity158 in response to a general prompt experienced more severe @entity158 than @entity1 who reported @entity158 only when directly questioned about the presence of @entity158 , but these different reporting groups did not differ on emotional variables. Those who were less accepting of their disability reported greater @entity158 severity. Additionally, @entity1 who perceived a significant other expressing punishing responses (e.g., expressing anger at the @entity1 or ignoring the @entity1 ) to their @entity158 behaviors reported more severe @entity158 . Level of lesion, completeness of @entity3816 and/or instrumentation and veteran status were not associated with @entity158 severity. Finally, @entity158 was associated with @entity147 over and above the distress associated with the @entity1566 itself. Overall, psychosocial factors, not physiological factors, were most closely associated with the experience of @entity158 . Multidimensional aspects of @entity158 are used to explain these findings and suggest that treatment should be directed at the emotional and cognitive sequelae of chronic @entity1566 .

title: Psychosocial factors in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI pain', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['injury, surgical fusion']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine the efficacy of @entity136 and @entity901 in @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity788 (ACA). @entity1 AND METHODS: Pancreatic ACA @entity1 with previously untreated advanced or metastatic disease were enrolled in a phase II study of @entity136 and @entity901 . @entity901 was given i.v. on day 1 and @entity136 i.v. on days 1 and 8 of a 3-week cycle. The primary end point of the trial was 6-month survival. Secondary end points included response rate, overall survival, median time to progression and @entity137 . RESULTS: A total of 47 @entity1 were enrolled, 46 of whom were evaluable. Of those @entity1 assessed for the primary end point 50% lived for > or =6 months. The median time to progression was 4.53 months. Five confirmed responses were seen with a median duration of response of 2.7 months. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated. However, one @entity1 died as a result of treatment-related @entity1381 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 and @entity901 , at doses of 1000 mg/m(2) and 100 mg/m(2), respectively, showed moderate activity in @entity1 with pancreatic ACA. Based on the results of this study further evaluation of this combination is warranted.

title: @entity136 and XXXX for metastatic @entity788 : a North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II study.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: In various @entity5 PET/CT with @entity419 is widely accepted as the diagnostic standard of care. The purpose of this study was to compare a dedicated @entity419 PET/MRI protocol with @entity419 PET/CT for @entity2802 staging in a cohort of oncological @entity1 . METHODS: A dedicated @entity419 PET/MRI protocol was performed in 73 consecutive @entity1 (mean age of 59  years, range 21   -   85 years) with different histologically confirmed solid primary @entity5 after a routine clinical FDG PET/CT scan (60  min after injection of 295        45  MBq @entity419 ). @entity2802 staging according to the 7th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual was performed by two readers in separate sessions for PET/CT and PET/MRI images. Assessment of the primary @entity5 and nodal and distant @entity3 with FDG PET/CT and FDG PET/MRI was based on qualitative and quantitative analyses. Histopathology, and radiological and clinical follow-up served as the standards of reference. A McNemar test was performed to evaluate the differences in diagnostic performance between the imaging procedures. RESULTS: From FDG PET/CT and FDG PET/MRI T stage was correctly determined in 22 (82  %) and 20 (74  %) of 27 @entity1 , N stage in 55 (82  %) and 56 (84  %) of 67 @entity1 , and M stage in 32 (76  %) and 35 (83  %) of 42 @entity1 , respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy for lymph node @entity3 were 65  %, 94  %, 79  %, 89  % and 87  % for PET/CT, and 63  %, 94  %, 80  %, 87  % and 85  % for PET/MRI. The respective values for the detection of distant @entity3 were 50  %, 82  %, 40  %, 88  % and 76  % for PET/CT, and 50  %, 91  %, 57  %, 89  % and 83  % for PET/MRI. Differences between the two imaging modalities were not statistically significant (P   >   0.05). CONCLUSION: According to our results, FDG PET/CT and FDG PET/MRI are of equal diagnostic accuracy for @entity2802 staging in @entity1 with solid @entity5 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of whole-body PET/MRI and whole-body PET/CT for XXXX staging in oncology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2802 :: (10178,Gene) :: ['TNM']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 89 Background: Ki-67 expression in @entity0 has been described as predictive of pathological complete response and prognostic of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Our aim was to evaluate in a retrospective cohort of triple negative @entity0 @entity1 if @entity5 proliferation measured by ki-67 expression is correlated with the outcome. METHODS: We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 109 cases of triple negative @entity0 (ER-, PR- and @entity1722 - determined by immunohistochemistry). Ki-67 labeling index was determined in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded @entity41 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. @entity1 were stratified in Ki67<15% and Ki67>= 15%. Clinicopathological data was retrieved from clinical records. @entity1349 and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and variables compared using the log-rank or Breslow test and Hazard Ratios (HR) estimated by the Cox regression. RESULTS: The median age for @entity1 was 47.5 years, 55 (50.5%) were premenopausal and 54 (49.5%) postmenopausal. Eight @entity1 (7.3%) were clinical stages II and 101 (92.7%) stages III. Median of Ki-67 expression was 35.97% (0.96% - 77.7%). There was not association between Ki-67 expression (<15% VS >= 15%) with @entity5 size, nodal involvement, clinical stage and menopausal status. After a median of follow of 21.6 months, 62 @entity1 (56.9%) have relapsed and 53 (48.6%) have die. The median time for @entity1349 and @entity1349 were 21.2 and 31.4 months, respectively. Median of @entity1349 was 12.6 months for Ki67<15% vs 21.2 months for Ki67>= 15%, P=0.421 (HR=0.91). Median of @entity1349 was 34.9 months for Ki67<15% vs 31.4 months for Ki67>= 15%, P=0.755 (HR=1.18). Only nodal involvement was found predictor of shorter @entity1349 (0 nodes, 25.2 months vs 1 -3 nodes, 26.1 months, vs >3 nodes, 9.4 months, P=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Ki-67 labeling index was not related with the outcome in terms of @entity1349 and @entity1349 in @entity1 with residual triple negative @entity0 that were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Ki-67 expression in residual triple-negative XXXX after neoadjuvant chemotherapy to predict for recurrence-free survival.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'recurrence free survival', 'RFS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: Normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) is a clinical syndrome associated with @entity303 , gait disturbance and @entity322 . Gait disturbance is usually the initial sign and most important symptom, but its objective evaluation has not been established. We analyzed the gait of an @entity5083 before and after ventricular shunting with the gait analysis system. Before shunting, the stride was short and irregular, and the truncal movement was unsteady. Three-dimensional patterns of angular relationships between 3 joints, namely the ankle, knee and hip were small and irregular. The vector profile of floor reaction force showed a monophasic pattern with absence of the peak at toe-off. After shunting, the step enlarged and the truncal movement was steady. The three-dimensional patterns of angular relationships between the 3 joints were nearly normalized. The vector profile of floor reaction force showed an appearance of the peak at toe-off, which formed a biphasic pattern, similar to the pattern of a normal @entity1 . The gait analysis is a useful method to evaluate gait disturbance in @entity5083 .

title: [Gait analysis of idiopathic normal pressure XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5083 :: ('MESH:D006850', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic NPH']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of @entity308 and the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on primary healthcare (PHC) setting in Kuwait. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in PHC setting in Kuwait using the Beck Depression Inventory second edition questionnaire (BDI II) as a screening instrument, together with a sociodemographic questionnaire. A representative sample drawn from the target population consisted of 2,320 subjects of Kuwaiti nationality randomly selected from 18 PHC centers covering all Kuwait governorates during the period from April 2003 to January 2004. The target age group was 21-64 years. @entity1 were asked to complete the BDI II questionnaire consisting of 21 items reflecting the @entity308 independently. Sociodemographic data such as sex, age, marital status, @entity1 , occupation, educational status, @entity102 and social problems were included in the questionnaire. The optimum cutoff score for BDI II was estimated. RESULTS: A total of 2,320 @entity1 completed the questionnaire, 1,082 (46.8%) male and 1,237 (53.2%) female; 860 (37.1%) screened positive for @entity308 , among whom 352 (15.3%) were male and 508 (21.7%) female. Of all @entity1 , 163 (7.0%) were severely @entity308 , 314 (13.5%) moderately @entity308 and 383 (16.5%) mildly @entity308 . @entity308 was more prevalent among @entity1 than @entity1 , young than old, more among highly educated individuals, working @entity1 , married individuals, and parents with 3 or more @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity308 is a highly prevalent condition among Kuwaiti @entity1 attending PHC setting. @entity102 and social problems are risk factors for @entity308 .

title: XXXX among Kuwaiti population attending primary healthcare setting: prevalence and influence of sociodemographic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressive disorder', 'Depressive disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic diseases', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive symptoms']


abstract: Thymectomy was performed on 31 @entity1 with @entity1737 . Four of them had @entity704 , 17 @entity1373 and 9 had normal thymic histology on microscopy. Discontinuation of anticholinergic medication together with tracheostomy, artificial ventilation and intensive observation were essential in the postoperative management. All the @entity1 survived operation and were discharged from hospital. Sixty-eight per cent of the @entity1 were in remission or improved after an average follow-up of 2.5 years. If the @entity1 with @entity704 were excluded, 74% were improved and, if only the @entity1 with @entity8792 were included in the series, 89% were improved after thymectomy. The severity of disease and duration of symptoms pre-operatively seemed to be of minor importance for the results of operation, since good results were obtained also in @entity1 with a long history and in clinical classes III and IV. Two @entity1 developed @entity6184 as a complication of intubation with a tracheostomy tube. Tracheal resection was performed in one of them and endobronchial removal of granulation tissue producing the stenosis in the other. Both recovered uneventfully. One @entity1 , who was asymptomatic and without medication for @entity1737 , died suddenly of acute @entity1779 3 years after thymectomy.

title: Thymectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity8792 :: ('MESH:D013952', 'Disease') :: ['thymic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral bleeding']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combined oral contraceptive containing @entity2082 and the selective progestogen, desogestrel, in a phasic regimen (DSG-OC, Tri-merci) has been shown to reduce @entity2652 . OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate further the effects of this OC on the skin of @entity1 with facial @entity19857 and mild or moderate acne. DESIGN AND METHODS: This was an open, noncomparative, bicenter study in 60 healthy Russian @entity1 , aged 18-30 years, with facial @entity19857 and mild or moderate facial acne, who wished to use oral contraception. All @entity1 received the OC containing desogestrel (50/100/150 microg) and @entity2082 (35/30/30 microg) for three phases of 7 days followed by a 7-day pill-free interval, for six cycles. @entity19857 was assessed using the Sebutape technique, in which strips of adhesive microporous polymeric film pressed onto facial sites are used to assess sebaceous activity. Acne was assessed by counting @entity922 . Subjective evaluations of skin and hair condition, @entity1 ' feelings to them and satisfaction with the OC were made using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Assessments were made at baseline, and after one, three and six treatment cycles. RESULTS: Sebutape assessments of @entity19857 were significantly improved, on the right and left cheeks, after one treatment cycle, and on the forehead after three treatment cycles. These improvements increased steadily and were much larger at the end of Cycle 6. Acne grades were significantly improved after three and six treatment cycles. VAS scores in response to questions dealing with self-esteem and self-confidence were significantly improved after three cycles and in some cases after just one cycle. The @entity1 's views of their skin and hair (greasiness) were correspondingly significantly improved. Subjective assessments indicated that after one, three and six cycles, 69%, 93% and 98%, respectively, of @entity1 were satisfied or very satisfied with the DSG-OC. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with facial @entity19857 and mild or moderate acne, the use of DSG-OC appears to improve @entity19857 after just one cycle and acne grades after three cycles. These improvements are accompanied by increases in self-esteem and confidence.

title: Effects of a phasic oral contraceptive containing desogestrel on facial XXXX and acne.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19857 :: ('MESH:D012628', 'Disease') :: ['Seborrhea', 'seborrhea']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial oiliness']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['facial lesions']

answer: @entity19857 :: (MESH:D012628,Disease) :: ['seborrhea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Chilean Ministry of Health developed a healthy lifestyles intervention directed to adults with overweight and cardiovascular risk factors, called "Program on Healthy Eating and Physical Activity" (PASAF). AIM: To evaluate the impact of PASAF on nutritional status and metabolic parameters. @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed databases from three primary care centers belonging to a municipality of Metropolitan Santiago. We selected adults enrolled in the PASAF during three years (2007-2009). The program lasted four months and included an assessment of anthropometric and metabolic parameters at baseline and at the end, eight workshops with a nutritionist, seven with a psychologist and 32 sessions of physical activity. RESULT: We evaluated 526 subjects aged >= 18 years (93% females), of whom 85.6% attended the last appointment for assessment. Analyzing available data, attendance to workshops was <50% of the scheduled sessions. Weight, body mass index and waist circumference decreased significantly (median: -1.4 kg, -0.6 kg/m   and -3 cm, respectively). The median weight loss was 1.8% of initial weight and 17.1% of @entity1 experienced a decrease >= 5% of their initial weight. There were significant improvements in lipid levels and blood pressure among @entity1 with lower initial excess weight. A reduction in fasting blood @entity413 was observed only among subjects who lost >= 5% of their initial weight. CONCLUSIONS: The PASAF modestly reduced nutritional parameters. Correction of metabolic parameters was especially effective in less @entity28 subjects. The attendance to workshops was low.

title: [Evaluation of a program for management of metabolic syndrome in adults with overweight and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The established treatment of @entity1 with @entity1494 consists of the use of anticholinergic drugs, such as @entity11440 and @entity2181 , and clean intermittent catheterization four or five times a day. If anticholinergic drugs and clean intermittent catheterization fail, surgery is often necessary. With the intent of avoiding surgery, we investigated the effect of botulinum-A toxin for treating @entity427 in this group of @entity1 . METHODS: The subjects were 17 @entity1 (average age 10.8 years) who had @entity427 and were using clean intermittent catheterization four or five times a day. Urodynamic studies were followed by injection of 85 to 300 U of botulinum-A toxin into 30 to 40 sites in the detrusor muscle. Urodynamic follow-up was done 2 to 4 weeks after injection. RESULTS: The mean reflex volume increased by 112.1%, from 95.00 plus minus 34.54 mL (range 47 to 147) to 201.45 plus minus 68.57 mL (range 77 to 310) (P <0.005). The maximal bladder capacity increased by 56.5%, from 137.53 plus minus 59.96 mL (range 59 to 242) to 215.25 plus minus 96.36 mL (range 60 to 380) (P <0.005). The maximal detrusor pressure decreased by 32.6%, from 58.94 plus minus 32.32 cm @entity2507 (range 19 to 149) to 39.75 plus minus 26.12 cm @entity2507 (range 7 to 100) (P <0.005). Detrusor compliance increased by 121.6%, from 20.39 plus minus 26.5 mL/cm @entity2507 (range 4.5 to 40) to 45.18 plus minus 45.4 mL/cm @entity2507 (range 5.3 to 100) (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum-A toxin injection into the hyperreflexive detrusor muscle seems to be very effective and might be a therapeutic alternative to anticholinergic drugs.

title: Efficacy of botulinum-a toxin in @entity1 with XXXX due to myelomeningocele: preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia']


abstract: To establish well-characterized cellular reagents for the study of @entity694 , we have examined 19 @entity1 @entity14 cell lines with regard to morphology, ultrastructure, expression of @entity5 -associated antigens, proliferative capacity in vitro, anchorage-independent growth, oncogene expression, tumorigenicity and malignant potential. Cell lines examined were cultured under identical conditions, and in vitro and in vivo analyses were performed in parallel on replicate cultures. Three classes of colorectal cell lines were defined according to their tumorigenicity in @entity19 . Class-1 lines formed rapidly progressing @entity5 in nearly all @entity19 at an inoculum of 10(6) cells. Cell lines belonging to class-2 were less tumorigenic, producing @entity5 later and at a slower growth rate. Class-3 lines were non-tumorigenic under all experimental conditions tested. By Northern analysis, the oncogenes @entity517 , @entity8498 , @entity984 , @entity8497 , @entity13327 , fos and @entity876 were expressed in nearly all cell lines examined. In contrast, transcripts for @entity1861 , @entity7242 and ros were not detected. The best in vitro predictor of tumorigenicity was colony formation in soft agar. There was no detectable correlation between tumorigenicity and metastatic potential, doubling time in vitro, production of @entity5 -associated markers, xenograft histology or expression of specific oncogenes.

title: Biological characterization and oncogene expression in @entity1 XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of ovulation-stimulating drugs to risk of @entity5 other than breast and gynecologic @entity5 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study, with additional follow-up since initial report. SETTING: Reproductive endocrinology practices. @entity1 (S): Among a cohort of 12,193 @entity1 evaluated for @entity249 between 1965 and 1988, a total of 9,892 @entity1 (81.1% of the eligible population) were followed through 2010, via passive and active (questionnaire) approaches. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various fertility treatment parameters for select @entity5 . RESULT(S): During 30.0 median years of follow-up (285,332 @entity1 -years), 91 @entity14 , 55 @entity259 , and 70 @entity320 were diagnosed among study subjects. @entity4082 ( @entity5635 ), used by 38.1% of @entity1 , was not associated with @entity14 risks, but was related significantly to @entity320 (HR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.18-3.22), and non-significantly to @entity259 risks (HR = 1.57; 95% CI: 0.89-2.75). The highest @entity320 were seen among those with the lowest drug exposure levels, but @entity259 risk was greatest among the heavily exposed @entity1 (HR = 1.96; 95% CI: 0.92-4.17 for those receiving >2,250 mg). @entity4082 -associated risks for @entity259 were somewhat higher among nulligravid, compared with gravid, @entity1 , but did not differ according to distinct causes of @entity249 . Gonadotropins, used by only 9.7% of subjects, were not related to risk of any of the assessed @entity5 . CONCLUSION(S): Our results provide support for continued monitoring of both @entity320 and @entity259 risk among @entity1 receiving fertility drugs.

title: Effects of fertility drugs on XXXX other than breast and gynecologic @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['Clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers, 84 lung cancers', 'colorectal or lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'melanoma risks']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: @entity14968 ( @entity14968 ) has been identified as a postural adaptation to increases in backpack load, and spinal forces have been presumed based on @entity14968 . This pilot project examined the combined effects of increasing backpack load and task demand on @entity14968 . Two @entity1 with typical development, aged 11 and 9, were @entity1 . Peak5 Motion Analysis Videography was used to gather 2D kinematic data under three levels of backpack load (0%, 8.5% and 17% body weight) and three levels of task demand (stand, walk and run). Passive reflective markers were placed on anatomical landmarks, and @entity14968 was calculated by the angle formed by a line joining the right acromion and right greater trochanter and a vertical reference line. Descriptive statistics were performed to compare @entity14968 under the nine experimental conditions. Although @entity14968 most often increased with increases in backpack load and task demand, @entity14968 was not dose dependent. Postural patterns varied between @entity1 , and the findings supported a ceiling effect. In conclusion, to compensate for changes in inertia and center of gravity when wearing a backpack, @entity14968 represents a dynamic emergent strategy that varies based on task demand and characteristics of the individual. Further research on @entity14968 is warranted, and clinicians should be cautious when recommending safe carrying loads for @entity1 based on posture.

title: Effects of backpack load and task demand on trunk forward lean: Pilot findings on two XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity14968 :: ('MESH:D013851', 'Disease') :: ['TFL', 'Trunk forward lean']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No consensus exists regarding minimum fluid volume for adequacy of benign @entity1143 specimens. Although any volume is acceptable if cytologic findings are malignant, the distinction between the absence of disease and false-negativity is not straightforward in low-volume specimens. Recent literature has offered conflicting results regarding what minimum volume is necessary. Moreover, no studies to date have evaluated this issue across a large series of specimens with a wide distribution of volumes. The objective of the current study was to determine the minimum volume of pleural fluid necessary for optimal cytopathological diagnosis. METHODS: The authors identified 2540 pleural fluid specimens received between January 2000 and December 2009 and retrospectively reviewed their diagnoses and characteristics. Because of the large range of volumes (1 mL-6500 mL), the cases were binned into 9 groups of roughly equivalent sample sizes. The @entity5 fractions (percentage of cases with malignant diagnoses) were compared for each group. RESULTS: The current study specimens had a median volume of 200 mL and an overall @entity5 fraction of 20.1%. The @entity5 fraction increased from 10.1% (95% confidence interval, 8.1%-12.1%) for volumes < 5 mL to 23.3% (95% confidence interval, 20.0%-25.8%) for volumes between 50 mL and 75 mL (P = .009). Specimens with volumes >=  75 mL had @entity5 fractions independent of volume. In addition, ratios of benign or malignant diagnoses versus nondiagnostic and atypical results continued to increase with volume. CONCLUSIONS: A fluid volume of >=  75 mL is required to eliminate the influence of specimen size on diagnostic adequacy. Although larger volumes do not appear to impact @entity5 fraction, they do correlate with decreased nondiagnostic and atypical results.

title: A minimum fluid volume of 75 mL is needed to ensure adequacy in a XXXX : a retrospective analysis of 2540 cases.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study examined the prevalence, intensity, interference, and biopsychosocial correlates of @entity158 in a large community-based sample of @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). METHODS: Mail surveys were returned by 442 members of the King County (WA) @entity15 Association. Average @entity158 intensity, @entity158 -related activity interference, depressive symptoms and severity of @entity15 were assessed. RESULTS: Forty-four percent reported persistent, bothersome @entity158 in the three months prior to completing the survey. @entity1 with @entity158 reported an average @entity158 intensity rating of 5.2 (SD = 2.3) on the 0 (no @entity158 ) to 10 ( @entity158 as bad as could be) scale. Twenty-seven percent reported severe @entity158 (score of 7-10), while 51% of those with @entity158 rated the interference of their @entity158 with daily activities as none to minimal. Twenty percent reported severe interference in activities as a result of @entity158 . In multivariate modeling, @entity15 severity, marital status, and self-ratings of overall health were significantly associated with @entity158 -related interference with activities. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately a fourth of this sample described having a @entity1118 problem characterized by severe @entity158 intensity and significant @entity158 -related interference with activities. Disability due to @entity158 may be more important than previously recognized for the @entity15 population.

title: @entity1118 in a large community sample of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS illness', 'MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity15 is characterized morphologically by the key features @entity17 , @entity32 , @entity5219 and @entity21 . In recent years, it has become more evident that @entity21 is the major morphological substrate of permanent clinical disability. In our study, we investigated the occurrence of @entity21 determined by immunocytochemistry for @entity477 ( @entity477 ) which is produced in neurones and accumulates at sites of recent axon transection or damage. The numbers of @entity477 -positive axons in @entity15 lesions were correlated with the disease duration and course. Most @entity477 -positive axons were detected within the first year after disease onset, but @entity21 was also detected to a minor degree in lesions of @entity1 with a disease duration of 10 years and more. This effect was not due to the lack of active demyelinating lesions in the @entity102 stage. Late @entity75 (so-called shadow plaques) did not show signs of axon destruction. The number of inflammatory cells showed a decrease over time similar to that of the number of @entity477 -positive axons. There was a significant correlation between the extent of axon damage and the numbers of @entity405 -positive cytotoxic T cells and macrophages/microglia. Our results indicate that a putative axon-protective treatment should start as early as possible and include strategies preventing T cell/macrophage-mediated axon destruction and leading to remyelination of axons.

title: Acute @entity21 in XXXX is most extensive in early disease stages and decreases over time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['remyelinated lesions']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['APP', 'amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['acute axonal damage', 'axonal damage']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nepal Pediatric Ocular Diseases Study is a three year longitudinal population based study. Here we present the baseline survey report which aims to investigate various risk factors associated with childhood ocular morbidity and @entity1939 in three ecological regions of Nepal. METHOD: This baseline survey is a population based cross sectional study. The investigation was conducted in a district from each of the following regions: Terai, Hill and Mountain. The Village Development Committees (VDCs) from each district were selected by random sampling. Three @entity497 workers were given training on vision screening and identification of abnormal ocular signs in @entity1 . They conducted a house to house survey in their respected districts examining the @entity1 and gathering a standardized set of data variables. @entity1 with abnormal vision or ocular signs were then further examined by pediatric ophthalmologists. RESULTS: A total of 10950 @entity1 aged 0-10 years (5403 from Terai, 3204 from the hills, 2343 from the mountains) were enrolled in the study. However 681 (6.2%) were non responders. The male to female ratio was 1.03. The overall prevalence of ocular morbidity was 3.7% (95% CI of 3.4%-4%) and @entity1939 was 0.07% (95% CI of 0.02%-0.12%). Ocular morbidity was more prevalent in the mountain region whereas @entity1939 was more prevalent in the Terai region. @entity1 from the Terai region were more likely to suffer from @entity735 compared to the other regions. @entity1 whose mother smoked, drank @entity167 , or was illiterate were significantly afflicted with @entity2194 (p   <   0.05). In addition,a higher prevalence of @entity2194 was related to @entity1 with past medical history of systemic illnesses, abnormal postnatal period or missing childhood vaccinations. Blindness was more prevalent in @entity1 who suffered from a @entity262 . Females and under-nourished @entity1 were more likely to have ocular morbidity and @entity1939 . CONCLUSION: It was found that @entity1939 was more prevalent in the Terai region, the undernourished, females and in those with co-morbid systemic illnesses. This study strongly suggests that prevention of @entity1939 requires additional resources to address these disparity.

title: Factors associated with childhood ocular morbidity and @entity1939 in three ecological regions of Nepal: Nepal pediatric XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular diseases', 'ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['childhood blindness', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['congenital ocular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community health']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the @entity137 and pharmacokinetics of recombinant @entity33357 in female @entity35 following intra-bladder and intravenous administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: rhHB-EGF was administered once daily for 6 or 27 days at doses of 3, 10, or 30 microg/kg. 125I-rhHB-EGF was administered on day 7 or 28 for pharmacokinetic analysis. @entity137 was assessed by general appearance and behavior, gross necropsy, blood chemistry and microscopic evaluation. RESULTS: Plasma AUCss of [125I] rhHB-EGF equivalents following IB administration for 7 days were 4.28+/-2.29, 7.75+/-2.70, and 7.11+/-1.42 ng ml(-1) h(-1) at doses of 3, 10, and 30 microg/kg, respectively. Following IV administration, the AUCss on day 7 increased from 27.0+/-2.66 to 124+/-5.09 and 385.11+/-7.57 ng ml(-1) h(-1) with increasing the dose from 3 to 10 and 30 microg/kg. Similar AUCss data was obtained after 28 day administration. No @entity137 was evident upon gross examination. Histologic examination revealed @entity32 and lymphocytic infiltration of the urinary bladder in animals from all groups dosed by the IB route. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma and bladder concentrations of recombinant @entity1 [125I] rhHB-EGF equivalents were significantly lower following the IB route than following IV administration. Histologic tissue examination indicated no @entity137 attributable to rhHB-EGF.

title: Toxicokinetic study of recombinant XXXX @entity33357 (rhHB-EGF) in female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['subacute inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity33357 :: ('25433(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Mucoadhesive liposomes were prepared by coating multilamellar liposomes with @entity16313 (CP) in a similar manner to that used in the preparation of chitosan-coated liposomes (CS-Lip) previously reported [Takeuchi et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 42 (1994) 1954-1956; Pharm. Res. 13 (1996) 896-901]. The positively charged liposomes containing @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ) and @entity1752 at an optimum formulation ratio (40:1) could be coated with CP without aggregation of the liposomal particles during the coating process. The mucoadhesive properties of both the resultant polymer-coated liposomes (CP-Lip and CS-Lip) and the positively or negatively charged noncoated liposomes (Non-Lip) were evaluated using the @entity35 intestine. The order was CS-Lip> or = CP-Lip>positively charged Non-Lip>negatively charged Non-Lip. The adhesive property of CP-Lip decreased on increasing pH of the dispersing medium from pH 5.0 to 7.4, probably owing to the electric repulsion between CP-Lip and the mucus layer. The effectiveness of the liposomal formulations in oral administration of @entity175 was evaluated by measuring the change in the blood @entity460 concentration of @entity35 . Administration of CP-Lip and CS-Lip containing @entity175 showed an enhanced and prolonged reduction in blood @entity460 concentration. The overall pharmacological effect of CP- and CS-Lips evaluated by means of the area under the plasma @entity460 concentration curve was 2.4 and 2.8 times higher than that of negatively and positively charged Non-Lips, respectively.

title: Mucoadhesive properties of @entity16313 or chitosan-coated liposomes and their effectiveness in the oral administration of XXXX to @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1752 :: ('MESH:C009317', 'Chemical') :: ['stearylamine']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['calcitonin']


abstract: A 17-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity2749 vomiting associated with @entity662 , a 20-pound weight loss over the past year, and multiple hospitalizations for @entity55 . She was bradycardic, cachectic (<3rd percentile), pale, and had anterior cervical @entity3329 . CT angiography suggested an obstructive @entity455 (formed by a right aortic arch with an @entity5216 ), diverticulum of Kommerell, and a @entity4501 ( @entity4501 ). She underwent left thoracotomy with ligation and division of the ligamentum arteriosum to relieve the @entity455 . Flexible bronchoscopy at the time demonstrated a large H-type @entity4501 . Eight weeks later, she had the @entity4501 closed via a right cervical incision and recovered uneventfully. Our case is unique, with symptomatic presentation of a congenital @entity4501 and @entity455 in a teenager. Such major @entity154 are rarely discovered outside of childhood, and TEFs virtually always (>90%) present as neonatal emergencies secondary to esophageal obstruction. They have a high incidence of associated @entity65 the most common. Unexplained recurrent respiratory symptoms in an otherwise normal @entity1 with @entity1282 should prompt the clinician to evaluate @entity1 for foreign bodies, reflux and other more common problems. Unusual etiologies, however, do occur - as in this case - and warrant more complex workup.

title: Chronic vomiting and recurrent XXXX in an adolescent female.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ring']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['TEF', 'tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities, cardiovascular being']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant left subclavian artery']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper reports a meta-analysis of studies that have investigated the effect of scaling and root planing on periodontal probing depth and @entity6730 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The criteria used for inclusion of studies were as follows: root planing and scaling alone was one of the primary treatment arms; @entity1 or quadrants of each @entity1 were randomly assigned to study groups; 80% of @entity1 enrolled were included in first year follow-up examinations; periodontal probing depth and @entity6730 were reported in mm; the sample size of each study and substudy was reported. Sample size was used to weight the relative contribution of each study since standard errors were not reported by many studies and sample size is highly correlated with standard error and therefore statistically able to explain a substantial portion of the standard error on studies that use similar measures. RESULTS: The meta-analysis results show that periodontal probing depth and gain of attachment level do not improve significantly following root planing and scaling for @entity1 with shallow initial periodontal probing depths. However, there was about a 1-mm reduction for medium initial periodontal probing depths and a 2-mm reduction for deep initial periodontal probing depths. Similarly, there was about a 0.50-mm gain in attachment for medium initial periodontal probing depth measurements and slightly more than a l-mm gain in attachment for deep initial periodontal probing depth measurements. Surgical therapy for @entity1 with deep initial probing depths showed better results than scaling and root planing in reducing probing depths. When @entity1 were followed up over 3 years or more, these differences were reduced to less than 0.4 mm. Antibiotic therapy showed similar results to scaling and root planing. However, a consistent improvement in periodontal probing depth and gain of attachment is demonstrated when local antibiotic therapy is combined with root planing and scaling.

title: Meta-analysis of the effect of scaling and root planing, surgical treatment and antibiotic therapies on periodontal probing depth and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

answer: @entity6730 :: (MESH:D017622,Disease) :: ['attachment loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Study Design Prospective cohort study. Assessments take place before and three and 12 months after @entity348 . Objectives To determine and compare the responsiveness and reliability of the PSFS in @entity1 undergoing a @entity348 . Background Reliable and valid measurement instruments are important to measure functional status. The @entity1 Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) is frequently used in several @entity1 populations, but its methodological characteristics in a population of @entity1 with @entity348 ( @entity348 ) in the perioperative phase are unknown. Methods PSFS, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) and Global Perceived Effect (GPE) were taken at three time points in 150 @entity1 undergoing a @entity348 . Correlations, effect sizes (ES) and standard response means (SRM) were calculated. The PSFS was administered twice to assess its reliability in terms of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and limits of agreement (LoA). Results The correlation coefficient between PSFS and WOMAC was .41 at three months and .48 at one year, those between PSFS and GPE were -.37 and -.55. The ES of PSFS were 1.71 and 2.89 at three months and one year, respectively; those of WOMAC were 1.45 and 1.64. The SRMs of the PSFS were 0.96 and 1.48; those of WOMAC 1.28 and 1.37, respectively. The ICCs ranged between .73 and .86. The systematic error was between .12 and 0.54. The LoA ranged from    2.17 to    2.72. Conclusion The reliability of the PSFS is good. Its responsiveness is high, especially in the long term. However, PSFS cannot be used interchangeably with WOMAC in the immediate post-operative period. Level of Evidence Level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 21 May 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5825.

title: XXXX Specific Function Scale: Its Reliability and Responsiveness in @entity1 Undergoing a Total Knee Arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Refinements in stent design affecting strut thickness, surface polymer, and drug release have improved clinical outcomes of drug-eluting stents. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of a novel, ultrathin strut @entity1953 - @entity3407 stent releasing @entity3446 from a biodegradable polymer with a thin strut durable polymer @entity2239 -eluting stent. METHODS: We did a randomised, single-blind, non-inferiority trial with minimum exclusion criteria at nine hospitals in Switzerland. We randomly assigned (1:1) @entity1 aged 18 years or older with chronic stable @entity453 or @entity1187 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to treatment with biodegradable polymer @entity3446 -eluting stents or durable polymer @entity2239 -eluting stents. Randomisation was via a central web-based system and stratified by centre and presence of @entity583 . @entity1 and outcome assessors were masked to treatment allocation, but treating physicians were not. The primary endpoint, @entity75 failure, was a composite of @entity204 , target vessel @entity583 , and clinically-indicated @entity75 revascularisation at 12 months. A margin of 3  5% was defined for non-inferiority of the biodegradable polymer @entity3446 -eluting stent compared with the durable polymer @entity2239 -eluting stent. Analysis was by intention to treat. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01443104. FINDINGS: Between Feb 24, 2012, and May 22, 2013, we randomly assigned 2119 @entity1 with 3139 lesions to treatment with @entity3446 -eluting stents (1063 @entity1 , 1594 lesions) or @entity2239 -eluting stents (1056 @entity1 , 1545 lesions). 407 (19%) @entity1 presented with ST-segment elevation @entity583 . @entity75 failure with biodegradable polymer @entity3446 -eluting stents (69 cases; 6  5%) was non-inferior to durable polymer @entity2239 -eluting stents (70 cases; 6  6%) at 12 months (absolute risk difference -0  14%, upper limit of one-sided 95% CI 1  97%, p for non-inferiority <0  0004). No significant differences were noted in rates of definite stent @entity715 (9 [0  9%] vs 4 [0  4%], rate ratio [RR] 2  26, 95% CI 0  70-7  33, p=0  16). In pre-specified stratified analyses of the primary endpoint, biodegradable polymer @entity3446 -eluting stents were associated with improved outcome compared with durable polymer @entity2239 -eluting stents in the subgroup of @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 (7 [3  3%] vs 17 [8  7%], RR 0  38, 95% CI 0  16-0  91, p=0  024, p for interaction=0  014). INTERPRETATION: In a @entity1 population with minimum exclusion criteria and high adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy, biodegradable polymer @entity3446 -eluting stents were non-inferior to durable polymer @entity2239 -eluting stents for the combined safety and efficacy outcome @entity75 failure at 12 months. The noted benefit in the subgroup of @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 needs further study. FUNDING: Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, and Biotronik, B  lach, Switzerland.

title: Ultrathin strut biodegradable polymer @entity3446 -eluting stent versus durable polymer XXXX -eluting stent for percutaneous coronary revascularisation (BIOSCIENCE): a randomised, single-blind, non-inferiority trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Target lesion', 'target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of inversion time (TI) on the precision of myocardial late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) quantification using synthetic inversion recovery (IR) imaging in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 with suspected prior @entity583 underwent 1.5-T cardiac MRI with conventional magnitude (MagIR) and phase-sensitive IR (PSIR) LGE imaging and T1 mapping at 15  min post-contrast. T1-based synthetic MagIR and PSIR images were calculated with a TI ranging from -100 to +150  ms at 5-ms intervals relative to the optimal TI (TI0). LGE was quantified using a five standard deviation (5SD) and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) thresholds. Measurements were compared using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: The MagIRsy technique provided precise assessment of LGE area at TIs   >=    TI0, while precision was decreased below TI0. The LGE area showed significant differences at <=  -25  ms compared to TI0 using 5SD (P   <   0.001) and at   <=    -65  ms using the FWHM approach (P   <   0.001). LGE measurements did not show significant difference over the analysed TI range in the PSIRsy images using either of the quantification methods. CONCLUSIONS: T1 map-based PSIRsy images provide precise quantification of @entity583 independent of TI at the investigated time point post-contrast. MagIRsy-based @entity583 quantification is precise at TI0 and at longer TIs while showing decreased precision at TI values below TI0. KEY POINTS:     Synthetic IR imaging retrospectively generates LGE images at any theoretical TI     Synthetic IR imaging can simulate the effect of TI on LGE quantification     Fifteen minutes post-contrast MagIR sy accurately quantifies @entity1188 from TI 0 to TI 0     +   150  ms     Fifteen minutes post-contrast PSIR sy provides precise @entity1188 size independent of TI     Synthetic IR imaging has further advantages in reducing operator dependence.

title: Effect of inversion time on the precision of myocardial late XXXX enhancement quantification evaluated with synthetic inversion recovery MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of @entity1 found to have multivessel disease while undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI) for ST-segment elevation @entity583 is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: CvLPRIT (Complete versus Lesion-only Primary PCI trial) is a U.K. open-label randomized study comparing complete revascularization at index admission with treatment of the @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) only. METHODS: After they provided verbal assent and underwent coronary angiography, 296 @entity1 in 7 U.K. centers were randomized through an interactive voice-response program to either in-hospital complete revascularization (n  = 150) or @entity1188 -only revascularization (n  = 146). Complete revascularization was performed either at the time of P-PCI or before hospital discharge. Randomization was stratified by infarct location (anterior/nonanterior) and symptom onset ( <=3 h or  >3 h). The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause @entity204 , recurrent @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity712 , and  @entity63 -driven revascularization within 12 months. RESULTS: @entity1 groups were well matched for baseline clinical characteristics. The primary endpoint occurred in 10.0% of the complete revascularization group versus 21.2% in the @entity1188 -only revascularization group (hazard ratio: 0.45;  95% confidence interval: 0.24 to 0.84; p  = 0.009). A trend toward benefit was seen early after complete revascularization (p  =  0.055 at 30 days). Although there was no significant @entity583 , a nonsignificant reduction in all primary endpoint components was seen. There was no reduction in ischemic burden on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy or in the safety endpoints of major @entity548 , contrast-induced @entity8 , or @entity64 between the  groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 presenting for P-PCI with multivessel disease, index admission complete revascularization significantly lowered the rate of the composite primary endpoint at 12 months compared with treating only the @entity1188 . In such @entity1 , inpatient total revascularization may be considered, but larger clinical trials are required to confirm this result and specifically address whether this strategy is associated with improved survival. (Complete Versus Lesion-only Primary PCI Pilot Study [CvLPRIT]; ISRCTN70913605).

title: Randomized Trial of Complete Versus Lesion-Only Revascularization in XXXX Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for STEMI and Multivessel Disease: The CvLPRIT Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'IRA']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'reduction in death or MI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To correlate the internal structure of @entity358 , as visualized by endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS), and the histology of the surgical specimen to develop a classification system for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions by EBUS. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: A national hospital. @entity1 : One hundred twenty-four @entity1 with @entity358 who had undergone EBUS in whom a definitive histologic diagnosis was made. In 69 @entity1 , EBUS findings were correlated with the histology of a surgical specimen. INTERVENTION: EBUS was performed by a miniature probe (20-MHz) introduced up to the lesion through a channel in a bronchoscope. RESULTS: Three classes and six subclasses of lesions were identified by EBUS based on the internal structure of the lesion, focusing on internal echoes, vascular and bronchial patency, and the morphology of the hyperechoic areas, reflecting air in the alveoli and bronchioles. The classes of lesions are as follows: type I, homogeneous pattern (type Ia, with patent vessels and patent bronchioles; type Ib, without vessels and bronchioles); type II, hyperechoic dots and linear arcs pattern (type IIa, without vessels; type IIb, with patent vessels); and type III, heterogeneous pattern (type IIIa, with hyperechoic dots and short lines; type IIIb, without hyperechoic dots and short lines). Twenty-three of 25 type I lesions (92.0%) were benign, while 98 of 99 @entity75 (99.0%) were malignant. Twenty-one of 24 @entity75 (87.5%) were well-differentiated @entity420 , and all @entity75 were malignant, including 18 poorly differentiated @entity420 (81.8%). CONCLUSIONS: EBUS permits the visualization of the internal structure of @entity358 , and this information suggests the histology of the lesion.

title: Analysis of the internal structure of XXXX using endobronchial ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type IIIb lesions', 'type II lesions', 'type II and III lesions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['peripheral pulmonary lesions']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare hysteroscopic morcellation with @entity162 for removal of @entity1478 , in terms of procedure time, peri- and post-operative adverse events, tissue availability, and short-term effectiveness. DESIGN: Multicenter, open label, randomized controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING: Day surgery setting of a teaching and a university hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 with larger (>=  1 cm) @entity1478 . INTERVENTIONS: Hysteroscopic morcellation with the TRUCLEAR 8.0 Tissue Removal System (Smith _ Nephew, Inc., Andover (MA), United States) or @entity162 with a rigid 8.5 mm @entity162 (Karl Storz GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Median operating time was 4.0 min (2.5 - 7.1 min) and 6.0 min (3.8 - 11.7 min) in the hysteroscopic morcellation and resectoscopy group, respectively. Operating time was reduced by 38% (95% CI 5 - 60%, p = .028) in the hysteroscopic morcellation group. Procedure time, defined as the sum of the installation and operating time, tended to be less for the hysteroscopic morcellation group (median 9.5 min (7.6 - 12.2 min) versus 12.2 min (8.8 - 16.0 min), p = .072). In 3 @entity1 of the resectoscopy group perforation occurred at dilation or hysteroscope (re)introduction resulting in procedure discontinuation or prolongation of the hospital stay. In 1 @entity1 of the hysteroscopic morcellation group perforation occurred at dilation, nevertheless the procedure was successfully completed. Postoperatively, 2 @entity1 of the hysteroscopic morcellation group were diagnosed with a @entity293 . Tissue was available for pathology analysis in all @entity1 except for 2 @entity1 of the resectoscopy group in whom the procedure was discontinued due to perforation. CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic morcellation is a fast, effective and safe alternative to @entity162 for removal of @entity1478 .

title: Removal of XXXX : hysteroscopic morcellation vs @entity162 , a randomized trial(a).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar resectoscope', 'bipolar resectoscopy']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that, contrary to standard teaching, isolated @entity1545 may be associated with @entity551 . This study sought to determine the frequency of isolated @entity1545 -induced @entity551 in @entity130 victims. METHODS: @entity551 adult @entity130 @entity1 were categorized according to the cause of @entity551 : @entity548 (hemoglobin < 11.0), neurogenic, isolated brain, or other. Their clinical data and outcomes were compared. RESULTS: The cause of @entity551 was @entity548 in 113 (49%), isolated @entity1545 in 30 (13%), neurogenic in 14 (6%), and other causes in 24 (10%). Fifty (22%) were indeterminate. @entity548 , isolated brain, and neurogenic groups were similar in age, Injury Severity Score, and systolic blood pressure. The Glasgow Coma Scale score of the isolated brain group was lower than in the @entity548 group (4.4 vs. 8.4, p < 0.05). Mortality was higher in the isolated brain group compared with the @entity548 group (80% vs. 50%, p < 0.05) and in the subgroup of @entity548 @entity1 with versus without associated @entity1545 (57% vs. 39%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Isolated @entity1545 account for 13% of @entity551 events after @entity130 and are associated with an increased mortality compared with @entity548 -induced @entity551 . In @entity551 brain-injured @entity1 , @entity548 sources should be excluded rapidly, and the focus should be on resuscitation.

title: Isolated XXXX as a cause of @entity551 in the @entity130 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']