abstract: BACKGROUND: We report on a pilot study investigating the feasibility of early immunosuppression withdrawal after liver transplantation (LT) using antithymocyte globulin (ATG) induction and @entity3446 . METHODS: LT recipients received 3.75 mg/kg per day ATG from days 0 to 5 followed by @entity3446 -based immunosuppression. In the absence of @entity697 ( @entity697 ), @entity3446 was withdrawn after month 4. Immunomonitoring included analysis of peripheral T-cell phenotypes and clonality, cytokine production in mixed lymphocyte reaction, and characterization of intragraft infiltrating cells. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were enrolled between October 2009 and July 2010. In the first three @entity1 , complete withdrawal of immunosuppression after month 4 led to @entity697 . No further withdrawals of immunosuppressive were attempted. Two @entity697 occurred in the remaining seven @entity1 . ATG induced profound T-cell depletion followed by @entity405 (+) T-cell reexpansion exhibiting memory/effector-like phenotype associated with progressive @entity1619 -cell expansion (Vb/ @entity9996 ratio) and gradually enhanced anti- @entity2803 and anti-Epstein-Barr virus T-cell frequencies. @entity1 developing @entity697 were characterized by decreased @entity41433 expression. @entity697 were associated with increased donor-specific production of interferon (IFN)-y and interleukin (IL)-17, increased intragraft expression of @entity379 mRNA, and significant @entity405 (+) T-cell infiltrates colocalizing with @entity4155 (+) cells. CONCLUSION: High-dose ATG followed by short-term @entity3446 treatment failed to promote early operational tolerance to LT. @entity697 correlates with expansion of memory-type @entity405 (+) T cells and increased levels of @entity379 and @entity4155 in mixed lymphocyte reaction and in the graft. This suggests that resistance and preferential expansion of effector memory T-cell in lymphopenic environment could represent the major barrier for establishment of tolerance to LT in approaches using T-cell-depleting induction.

title: Expansion of memory-type @entity405 + T cells correlates with the failure of early immunosuppression withdrawal after cadaver liver transplantation using high-dose ATG induction and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute rejection', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['oligoclonal T']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cockroach (CR) allergens frequently cause severe @entity565 in CR-sensitized subjects. Allergen-specific immunotherapy causes a shift of @entity56 Th2 responses towards Th1 and/or regulatory T cell (Treg) responses which reduce airway @entity32 and prevent disease progression. Data are relatively limited on immunotherapy via CR @entity566 vaccine. METHODS: The therapeutic efficacy of an intranasal liposome-adjuvant vaccine made of a refined @entity564 @entity369 kinase (AK) was compared to the liposome-entrapped @entity564 crude extract (CRE) vaccine. Adult BALB/c @entity19 were rendered @entity56 to CRE. Three @entity56 @entity19 groups were immunized intranasally on alternate days with 8 doses of liposome-entrapped CRE (L-CRE), liposome-entrapped AK and placebo, respectively. One week later, all @entity19 received a nebulized CRE provocation. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy was performed 1 day after provocation. RESULTS: Liposome-entrapped native AK attenuated airway @entity32 after the CRE provocation and caused a shift of @entity56 Th2 to Th1 and Treg responses. The L-CRE also induced a shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response but did not induce a Treg response and could not attenuate the airway @entity32 upon allergen reexposure. CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal liposome-adjuvant CR @entity566 vaccine containing native AK (Per a 9) is better than L-CRE in attenuating @entity32 . The findings of this study not only document a more comprehensive and beneficial immune response induced by the refined allergen vaccine but also raise the point that the shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response alone might not correlate with improved airway histopathology, clinical outcome and quality of life.

title: Intranasal, liposome-adjuvanted cockroach XXXX vaccines made of refined major allergen and whole-body extract of @entity564 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic airway inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity564 :: ('6978', 'Species') :: ['Periplaneta americana', 'P. americana']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: A @entity1 with classical @entity6582 vera (PV) was found to have an inappropriately elevated serum @entity1307 (Ep) level. Investigations did not reveal any lesion or blood abnormality known to be associated with excessive Ep production and erythrocytosis. Sudden withdrawal of blood to reduce the Hb and Hct from 18.5 gm% and 56% to 13.6 gm% and 41.5%, respectively, resulted in an increment of serum Ep to abnormal level. With @entity68 treatment there was a brisk return of Hb and Hct to prebleeding levels which was associated with reduction in the serum Ep. The inverse relationship between the Ep and Hb or Hct is inconsistent with the presence of excessive Ep-producing lesion. These results suggested that the threshold for Ep secretion from normal Ep-secreting tissue to Hb and Hct levels is set at an abnormal level. This @entity1 's marrow cells when cultured in vitro in the absence of Ep, unlike other PV @entity1 ' (except one) marrow cells, did not grow erythroid colonies. In the presence of Ep, however, the colonies comparable to those formed from normal marrow cultures were obtained. These results suggested that his marrow erythropoietic cells were neither Ep independent nor Ep-hyperresponsive, as has been suggested by some investigators for erythropoiesis in PV. This @entity1 presents phenomena that hitherto have not been reported.

title: Inappropriate @entity1307 secretion in XXXX vera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['polycythemia']


abstract: This case-control study examines the association between @entity2 and genetic polymorphisms in two base excision repair (BER) genes, @entity20319 and @entity6471 and two genes involved in homologous recombination repair (HR), @entity20823 and @entity9485 . Never-smoking @entity2 @entity1 were recruited, and also the next diagnosed ever-smoking case of the same gender and age group. Controls were recruited from the regional population register, frequency matched to cases by hospital catchment area, gender, age group and smoking category. As a result more than 70% of the study population were @entity1 . A total of 331 individuals were analysed. Presence of the @entity20319 399Gln allele was associated with a significantly decreased risk for @entity2 among non-smoking @entity1 (odds ratio (OR) 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.9). No significant effect was seen with the @entity6471 polymorphism. @entity1 smokers carrying the @entity20823 241Met allele showed a significantly decreased risk for @entity2 (OR 0.3, CI 0.2-0.7). The @entity9485 185Gln allele was significantly associated with an increased risk for @entity2 among non-smoking @entity1 (OR 2.2, CI 1.0-4.8) and low-dose smoking @entity1 (OR 4.8, CI 1.5-15.7). The protective effect of the variant @entity20823 241Met allele was strengthened when combined with the low-risk @entity367 185 allele of the @entity9485 gene. Smokers (OR 0.38, CI 0.16-0.90) and @entity1 (OR 0.42, CI 0.21-0.85) with at least three low-risk alleles in these two HR genes showed a significantly decreased risk for @entity2 . Thus, in spite of a relatively small study population, this study, including a comparatively large number of never-smokers and @entity1 , presents several novel aspects on genetic susceptibility to @entity2 . Our results show that the genetic variation in @entity20319 , @entity20823 and @entity9485 influence @entity2 susceptibility among @entity1 , and that combinations of risk alleles in the two HR genes can enhance the effects.

title: Polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes @entity20319 , @entity6471 , @entity20823 and XXXX , and the risk for @entity2 in never- and ever-smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity9485 :: (4683,Gene) :: ['NBS1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that symptom-triggered @entity1245 treatment for @entity1 with @entity167 withdrawal reduces complication rates and emergency department lengths of stay. Our objective was to describe the management of @entity167 withdrawal in 2 urban emergency departments. METHODS: A structured chart audit was performed for @entity1 with @entity167 -related problems who presented to 2 Toronto hospitals over a 2-year period. RESULTS: A total of 209 emergency department charts were audited. @entity1 characteristics were similar in both hospitals. None of the @entity1 had been assessed using the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for @entity167 (CIWA-Ar) scale. @entity1 at one hospital received substantially higher mean @entity3175 doses (64 mg v. 26 mg; p < 0.001) than did the @entity1 at the other hospital, and the @entity1 at the first hospital had fewer @entity410 during their emergency department stay (1% v. 9%; p = 0.012). @entity1 spent an average of 9 hours and 40 minutes in the emergency department. CONCLUSION: There is significant variability in the documentation and treatment of @entity167 withdrawal. Lower @entity1245 doses are associated with higher rate of withdrawal @entity410 and prolonged emergency department length of stay. A standardized approach using symptom-triggered management is likely to improve outcomes for @entity1 presenting with @entity167 withdrawal.

title: Treatment variability and outcome differences in the emergency department management of XXXX withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity121 ( @entity121 ) measurement of the common carotid artery is recognized as a reliable marker of systemic @entity731 and may be useful in predicting the likelihood of cardiovascular events, since it is related to the extent and severity of @entity453 . The aims of this study were to analyze whether correlations exist between the @entity121 of the common carotid artery and the main clinical and biochemical parameters in @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ), and to evaluate the possible improvement of the @entity121 values following parathyroidectomy at long-term follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ; median age 59 years, range 36-82 years) with biochemically confirmed @entity459 (Group A, cases), and 27 gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers (Group B, controls) were prospectively enrolled in the study. All @entity1 underwent ultrasound examination and the @entity121 of each carotid artery were recorded, averaging all values. The measurements were repeated 18-22 months (median 20) later in all @entity1 . RESULTS: A significant (p < 0.05) correlation between age and both systolic BP and @entity121 , and between @entity121 and fasting glycaemia was found in each Group. There was an inverse relationship between @entity121 and serum parathyroid hormone (R = -0.56, p < 0.01), but no correlation (p=NS) was found between @entity121 and serum @entity460 (R = -0.14) or serum @entity1391 (R = 0.07). At follow-up a slight (10.4%) improvement in the mean @entity121 was observed among Group A @entity1 (0.86 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.77 +/- 0.24; p = 0.12), but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: At long term follow-up, the @entity121 values did not improve significantly and no correlation was found between serum @entity460 and @entity121 . These results suggest that @entity2741 does not represent a reliable risk of @entity2998 in @entity1 with @entity459 .

title: Intima-media thickness measurement of the carotid artery in @entity1 with XXXX . A prospective case-control study and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: A new Stephanofilaria, S. boomkeri @entity8891 ., is described as the cause of @entity272 in @entity1707 in Zaire. It is the first species described in suids. The reservoirs might be wild African suids. The six valid species of the genus Stephanofilaria form two main groups. In one group, female worms lay sheathed microfilariae; members of this group are exclusively African and are represented by the parasite of rhinoceros, S. dinnicki, and @entity17179 , S. thelazioides. Their morphology is primitive. In the other group, female worms lay particular "eggs" which contain microfilariae S. boomkeri belongs to this group, and is regarded by its cephalic structures as the most primitive representative in this group. The other species S. dedoesi and S. zaheeri, parasitize @entity291 in the Asiatic region. In the holarctic region, another parasite of @entity291 , S., stilesi, seems to be a highly specialized member of this second group. In this species as in S. boomkeri, the envelope of the "egg" is very thick and complex, probably from peculiar adaptations in order to withstand the dessication of the microfilaria. The genus Stephanofilaria seems to have an Aethiopian origin, as in this region the species are more primitive and more varied as are also their hosts.

title: Stephanofilaria boomkeri XXXX ., as a cause of severe @entity272 in @entity1707 in Zaire.

entities_list: @entity17179 :: ('9833', 'Species') :: ['hippopotamus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity8891 :: (42353,Species) :: ['n. sp']


abstract: Meconium ileus can be difficult to distinguish from @entity4628 on plain radiographs and on contrast enema. Both show a microcolon in the face of a @entity1744 . The treatment of the two is very different. Meconium @entity2616 may be relieved medically by contrast enema; @entity4628 requires prompt surgical intervention. This study was made to determine if abdominal ultrasonography might be helpful in distinguishing between these two entities. Abdominal ultrasonograms from the past 10 years of all @entity1 with these two diseases who were studied with preoperative ultrasonography at Arkansas @entity1 's Hospital were reviewed. Six of 16 @entity1 with meconium ileus had preoperative ultrasonograms. All six @entity1 with meconium ileus had multiple loops of bowel filled with very echogenic thick meconium. Four of 22 @entity1 with @entity4628 had preoperative ultrasonograms. These four @entity1 with @entity4628 had dilated loops of bowel filled with fluid and air. None had a dilated bowel filled with thick echogenic contents. Preoperative abdominal ultrasonography is proposed as a simple method for distinguishing between these two disease entities with very different treatment plans.

title: Neonatal ultrasonography to distinguish between meconium ileus and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2616 :: ('MESH:D045823', 'Disease') :: ['ileus obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal atresia']

answer: @entity4628 :: (MESH:D007077,Disease) :: ['ileal atresia']


abstract: This study investigates thyroid control of growth and energy metabolism plus growth-dependent and growth-independent behavioral effects of thyroid manipulation in lizards. Experiments were done on surgically thyroidectomized (Tx) and sham-operated (Sh) yearling Sceloporus undulatus enclosed in their natural habitat. Lizards were placed in an outdoor enclosure in early August. Growth rate was measured and behavior was observed until mid-October. Subsequently, lizards were returned to the lab for measurements of plasma @entity1955 (T4), @entity209 ( @entity209 ), and running endurance. Thyroidectomy reduced plasma T4 from 4.3 +/- 0.56 ng/ml to undetectable levels (P = 0.006) and @entity209 by 44% (P less than 0.0001). @entity1374 produced a threefold reduction in growth rate (Tx: 0.04 +/- 0.010 mm/day, n = 12 vs Sh: 0.11 +/- 0.006 mm/day, n = 11, P less than 0.0001). Growth rate was correlated with @entity209 among individuals (length-specific: r = 0.55, P = 0.027, n = 16), even after statistical removal of mass and treatment effects. The total volume of @entity26 consumed for standard metabolism during the growth period, as estimated from allometric equations, was correlated with cumulative growth (R2 = 0.94, P = 0.013) and was significantly lower for @entity1374 lizards than for controls (P less than 0.0001). Distance moved in the field and running endurance on a treadmill both scaled on body mass (M0.98 +/- 0.418, P = 0.030 and M1.72 +/- 0.763, P = 0.040, respectively), indicating that larger lizards moved farther and had greater stamina than their smaller counterparts. Neither of these behavioral factors was affected directly by thyroid status. @entity1374 lizards were active for a smaller percentage of the day than controls (Tx: 42.6 +/- 5.7%, n = 11 vs Sh: 57.4 +/- 3.2%, n = 12, P = 0.040), independent of differences in body size. On an interindividual basis, the frequency of activity was significantly correlated with @entity209 (r = 0.57, P = 0.020, n = 16) and growth rate (mass-specific: r = 0.47, P = 0.025, n = 23).

title: Growth and behavior of XXXX lizards (Sceloporus undulatus).

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['standard metabolic rate', 'SMR']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid deficiency', 'thyroid-deficient', 'Thyroid-deficient']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid-deficient']


abstract: @entity2368 is a major mediator of @entity413 removal from the circulation and a key regulator of whole-body @entity413 homeostasis. Recent studies in south Indian populations revealed that haplotypes of the @entity2368 gene associated with type 2 @entity6 . A total of 734 middle aged apparently healthy Japanese @entity1 were recruited from two separate occupational cohorts from Kanagawa and Kyoto. @entity1 were genotyped for @entity2368 variants, @entity44623 ( @entity4866 ) and @entity44624 (C/A), and association with HbA1c level was analyzed. The HbA1c value was determined by JDS method which is 0.4% lower than NGSP value. The G allele carrier of @entity44623 and A allele carrier of @entity44624 associated with significantly higher HbA1c level (AG + GG vs. AA carriers; 5.2    0.8 vs. 4.9    0.4, P < 0.002, and AA + AC vs. CC; 5.2    0.9, vs. 4.9    0.4, P < 0.002, respectively). G allele, AG + GG genotype of @entity44623 and A allele, AA + AC genotype of @entity44624 showed a significant association with higher HbA1c (b = 0.215, P = 0.026; b = 0.215, P = 0.026; b = 0.190, P = 0.042; b = 0.190, P = 0.042, respectively). These two SNPs are in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) of r(2) = 0.67. In haplotype analysis, four haplotypes were estimated. @entity4051 c is significantly higher in the most frequent GA haplotype compared with the second frequent AC haplotype (5.2% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.004). Genetic variations, @entity44623 and @entity44624 in @entity2368 gene are associated with HbA1c level in Japanese @entity1 .

title: Association of XXXX gene variants with HbA1c level in Japanese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A/G']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2368 :: (6517,Gene) :: ['GLUT4']


abstract: The direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin (Hb) immobilized by a @entity16820 - @entity1568 doped @entity505 nanotubes and chitosan (C60-NCNTs/ @entity32875 ) composite matrix is demonstrated. The cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the modified electrode. In the deaerated buffer solution, the cyclic voltammogram of the Hb/C60-NCNTs/ @entity32875 composite film modified electrode showed a pair of well-behaved redox peaks with the E  '=-0.335 (   0.3) V (vs. SCE). The redox peaks are assigned to the redox reaction of Hb(Fe(III)/ @entity8798 ) and confirm the effective immobilization of Hb on the composite film. The large value of ks = 1.8 (   0.2)s(-1) suggests that the immobilized Hb achieved a relative fast electron transfer process. The fast electron transfer interaction between protein and electrode surface suggested that the C60-NCNTs/ @entity32875 composite film may mimic some physiological process and further elucidate the relationship between protein structures and biological functions. Moreover, the resulting electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic ability towards the reduction of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) with the linear dynamic range of 2.0-225.0  M. The linear regression equation was Ip/ A=7.35 (   0.08)+0.438 (   0.007)C/ M with the correlation coefficient of 0.9993. The detection limit was estimated at about 1  M (S/N=3). The sensitivity was 438.0 (   2.5)  A mM(-1). It is expected that the method presented here can not only be easily extended to other redox enzymes or proteins, but also be used as an electrochemical sensing devices for the determination of @entity274 in cell extracts or urine.

title: @entity16820 - XXXX doped @entity505 nanotubes for the direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin and its application in biosensing.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity16820 :: ('MESH:D037741', 'Chemical') :: ['fullerene']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is a transcription factor constitutively activated in various @entity5 , including @entity356 . However, its clinical significance in the latter remains an unresolved issue, as published information is limited and controversial. Furthermore, no data is available about the interaction of NF kappaB with its inhibitory protein I kappaB a in @entity356 cases. In this study, the expression of NF kappaB 1/ @entity2451 and p I kappaB a protein was evaluated immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded tissues from 93 @entity1 . The effect of NF kappaB 1/ @entity2451 and p I kappaB a on clinical outcome was assessed. Positive immunostaining was detected for nuclear NF kappaB 1/ @entity2451 , cytoplasmic NF kappa B1/ @entity2451 and p I kappaB a in 91, 68 and 85.7% of cases, respectively. A positive correlation emerged between nuclear NF kappa B 1/ @entity2451 and p I kappaB a (p < 0.0001) and a negative one between cytoplasmic NF kappaB 1/ @entity2451 and p I kappaB a (p = 0.0033). Nuclear NF kappaB 1/ @entity2451 was associated with stage (p = 0.0388), the depth of invasion (p = 0.0382), World Health Organization (WHO; p = 0.0326) and Lauren's histological classification (p = 0.0046). NF kappaB 1/ @entity2451 nuclear expression adversely affected survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.02, respectively). Our results suggest that NF kappaB 1/ @entity2451 nuclear expression and therefore activation is regulated by its interaction with I kappaB a and that the former may serve as a useful independent molecular marker for stratifying @entity1 with @entity356 in terms of prognosis.

title: Expression of nuclear factor kappaB in @entity1 XXXX : relationship with I kappaB a and prognostic significance.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2651 can be defined as the non-formation of one or more teeth during the developmental period. Mutation in several genes related to tooth formation has previously been correlated with @entity5 . Regarding the @entity43 , there are few studies that associate the presence of @entity2651 with @entity43 . A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Scopus. In total, 385 @entity1 were included in this study. Control group was present in 3 out of 4 studies (340 @entity1 ). @entity2651 was present in 56 out of 290 @entity1 (incidence of 19.3%). Only in 2 out of 4 studies, the number of missing teeth was mentioned (47 teeth), while the majority of them were either maxillary second premolars or maxillary lateral incisors. Unilateral distribution of the missing teeth was present in 28 out of 46 @entity1 , while bilateral distribution of the missing teeth was present in 18 out of 46 @entity1 . The presence of @entity43 in the family medical history occurred in 12 out of 33 @entity1 . Only 1 out of 4 studies examined the presence of genes with mutations in the included @entity1 . Based on our findings, the lack of clinical studies was the principal obstacle to clarify the possible predictive value of @entity2651 in the early prediction of @entity1 with higher risk of @entity43 .

title: @entity2651 and XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['Hypodontia', 'hypodontia']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Studies have reported that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is adversely affected by @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ). There is a paucity of data on the effects of foot ulcers on HRQoL of @entity6 @entity1 in our population. Because South-Asians, especially Indians, have unique features related to @entity6 and its complications, generalizing the data about their effect on HRQoL from any other part of the world is not a pragmatic approach. This study evaluated the impact of foot ulcers on HRQoL of @entity6 @entity1 . This cross-sectional study, conducted in Kasturba Hospital, Manipal (coastal South India), included 200 @entity4760 @entity1 in a study group (SG) and 200 @entity6 @entity1 in a control group (CG). The RAND-36 questionnaire was employed for evaluating HRQoL scores for the @entity1 in both groups. @entity4760 @entity1 also completed the @entity6 Ulcer Scale-Short Form questionnaire. Independent t-test was used to test the differences in mean scores. Results found that both CG and SG have "poor" HRQoL (mean score <50) on all the subscales except for two in CG. There is a statistically significant difference between groups (P < 0.05) on all eight of the subscales of HRQoL. For both CG and SG, the Physical Component Summary domain score (44.9    6.3 v 28.4    3.4) and Mental Component Summary domain score (42.5    3.8 v 29.5    7.1) were poor. There were significant differences between CG and SG for both mean Physical Component Summary score and Mental Component Summary score of HRQoL (p < 0.05). The @entity6 Ulcer Scale-Short Form found that HRQoL is very poor for @entity4760 @entity1 on all six domains. The study concludes that @entity4760 @entity1 have very poor HRQoL compared with @entity6 @entity1 . Likewise, the @entity6 foot is associated with severely impaired HRQoL in both physical and mental health aspects. This study will help to develop a @entity1 education model for @entity4760 @entity1 by looking at the various HRQoL domains that are adversely affected by the presence of foot @entity1066 .

title: Impact of XXXX on health-related quality of life: A cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetic Foot']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcer', 'DFU']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcer']


abstract: @entity1569 has previously been shown to associate with certain HLA alleles. HLA-Cw6 is considered to be the primary association, based on calculations of relative risk after serological typing. This association is reportedly more pronounced in early- than in late-onset @entity1569 . We performed a PCR-based typing with sequence-specific primers, which has been shown to give a more complete result than serology. Two hundred and one unrelated @entity1 with @entity1569 , with a mean age of 40 years, and 77 healthy controls were typed. Two thirds (67%) of the @entity1 were positive for one or two copies of the allele, while the corresponding figure for the control group was 12%. A significant peak for age at onset of 21 or younger was seen for the Cw6 carriers. For @entity1 older than 21 at onset, the frequency of Cw6 was significantly lower; e.g. for @entity1 with an age at onset between 30 and 35 the frequency was comparable to the level of the control group. The high frequency of Cw6 among @entity1 with an age at onset of 21 or younger is in agreement with data of other groups. In comparison with this age-at-onset group the frequency of Cw6 is sharply reduced among @entity1 with an age at onset of 22 years or older, which contrasts with earlier studies. This may reflect differences between population groups but may also be due to the higher sensitivity of the PCR-based HLA-Cw6 typing method. In view of these findings, we suggest that @entity1569 is a genetically determined disease, in which the additional presence of HLA-Cw6 is associated with the characteristic of early onset.

title: Evidence that HLA-Cw6 determines early onset of XXXX , obtained using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP).

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'Psoriasis vulgaris']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A key mechanism of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is @entity13678 . Total atrial conduction time non-invasively assessed via tissue Doppler imaging (PA-TDI interval) may reflect the degree of electrical and structural @entity13678 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether the PA-TDI interval is an independent predictor of recurrent @entity955 after successful electrical cardioversion (eCV) and if it suggests reverse @entity13678 . METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 (mean      SD 66      10.6  years; 35  % @entity1 ) with persistent @entity955 and successful eCV were prospectively enrolled. The PA-TDI interval was measured 6  h and 90  days post-cardioversion. @entity955 relapse was determined via 7-day Holter-ECG immediately after eCV and repeated after 90  days. RESULTS: Early recurrent @entity955 (within 7  days) occurred in 21 @entity1 (41.2  %), whereas after 90-day follow-up 26 @entity1 (51  %) had @entity955 recurrence. PA-TDI interval was longer in @entity1 with @entity955 recurrence within 90  days compared to @entity1 who remained in sinus rhythm (SR) (149.1      8.3 vs. 129.8      10.9  ms, p  <  0.0001). Optimal cut-off values for recurrent @entity955 after 7 or 90  days from ROC analysis were 142 and 143  ms, respectively. Furthermore, the PA-TDI interval decreased significantly from baseline in those who remained in SR (129.8      10.9 vs. 125.8      10  ms, p  <  0.0001), whereas the PA-TDI interval increased in @entity1 who developed @entity955 after 90  days (149.1      8.3 vs. 152      9  ms, p  <  0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The PA-TDI interval is an independent predictor of early and mid-term @entity955 recurrence after eCV. Moreover, our data suggests reverse @entity13678 in those @entity1 who remained in stable SR.

title: Reverse @entity13678 in XXXX who maintain sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion: evidence derived from the measurement of total atrial conduction time assessed by PA-TDI interval.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['atrial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There are no studies available that have examined the factorial invariance of dimensions underlying the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) across at least three distinct samples. In the following study, we wished to determine whether a dimensional model comprising eight primary factors previously identified in @entity146 out- @entity1 , phobics and the general population (Arrindell _ Ettema, 2003) could be extended to a homogeneous sample of @entity158 @entity1 comprising females suffering from @entity2371 (PPPP) syndrome (N = 413). The internal consistency and discriminant validity of the dimensions were also examined. METHOD: The SCL-90-R and measures of disability, @entity158 -related fear, @entity158 intensity and fatigue were administered to the @entity1 . The multiple group method was used to determine factorial invariance. Pearson correlations were determined between the SCL-90-R and aforementioned measures. RESULTS: The factorial invariance of an 8-dimensional model of primary factors underlying the SCL-90-R, namely, @entity8396 , @entity148 , @entity308 , @entity2531 , @entity73 , interpersonal sensitivity-mistrust, acting-out hostility and @entity25 , was extended with success to the present sample of @entity2371 @entity1 . In spite of substantial correlations between the internally consistent SCL-90-R symptom dimensions, some evidence of discriminant validity was reported in that specific subscales showed different patterns of correlations with measures of disability, @entity158 -related fear, @entity158 intensity and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: The 8-dimensional system based on the work of Arrindell and Ettema (2003) was invariant across @entity146 @entity1 , phobics, the general population and @entity158 @entity1 . The invariance of the SCL-90-R hostility dimensions may have implications for a re-formulation of Watson and Clark's tripartite model of general distress, specific @entity308 .

title: Invariance of SCL-90-R dimensions of symptom distress in @entity1 with XXXX (PPPP) syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'anxiety and specific depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive-performance deficits']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['peri partum pelvic pain', 'PPPP']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep difficulties']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['peri partum pelvic pain']


abstract: @entity420 (MSG) is a rare @entity5 . It represents about 2% of all MSG @entity5 . It is more common in the palate and in females. This @entity5 occurs in a mean age of sixty and its mean size at presentation is 1.5cm. Microscopically, the neoplasms classified as @entity420 not otherwise specified (NOS) are a histologically heterogeneous group: they vary from highly anaplastic @entity420 to moderate and well-differentiated lesions. This report describes a case of @entity420 of MSG occurring in the buccal mucosa of a 24-year-old male. The @entity1 underwent a sentinel node biopsy as a staging tool in association with the primary surgical treatment. In the histological examination of sentinel lymph node (SLN) there was no evidence of @entity3 . The @entity1 presents no evidence of recurrent disease after 4years of follow-up. We believe that the use of SLN biopsy can be indicated in similar cases considering the tumoural biology (well-differentiated) because prospective randomized studies would be very difficult to be performed due to the rarity of this @entity5 .

title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma of the minor salivary gland', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland']


abstract: @entity12842 is a rare @entity74 due to a @entity99 , which is the last enzyme of the @entity1133 cycle and hydrolyzes @entity369 to @entity7222 and @entity1133 . The onset of the disease is usually in childhood, and clinical manifestations include progressive @entity3500 and @entity1032 . Liver involvement is less frequent and usually not as severe as observed in other UCDs. For this reason, and because usually there is a major @entity16 at diagnosis, @entity1 with @entity12842 are rarely considered as candidates for OLT despite its capacity to replace the deficient enzyme by an active one. We report on long-term follow-up of two @entity1 with @entity12842 . @entity1 1 was diagnosed by the age of 20 months and despite appropriate conventional treatment progressed to @entity3500 with marked limp. OLT was performed at 10 years of age with normalization of plasmatic @entity369 levels and @entity35118 compounds. Ten years post-OLT, under free diet, there is no progression of @entity16 . The second @entity1 (previously reported by our group) was diagnosed at 2 months of age, during a @entity1448 workup study. OLT was performed at the age of 7 years, due to @entity1575 with @entity101 , in the absence of @entity16 and an almost-normal brain MRI. After OLT, under free diet, there was normalization of plasmatic @entity369 levels and @entity35118 compounds. Twelve years post-OLT, she presents a normal neurological examination. We conclude that OLT prevents progressive @entity16 in @entity12842 and should be considered when appropriate conventional treatment fails.

title: Liver transplantation prevents progressive @entity16 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12842 :: ('MESH:D020162', 'Disease') :: ['Argininemia', 'argininemia']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neurological lesions', 'neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity35118 :: ('CHEBI:48551', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidino']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of hepatic arginase']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity12842 :: (MESH:D020162,Disease) :: ['argininemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examines the efficacy of maintenance pharmacotherapy in dysthymia without concurrent @entity308 , i.e. ' @entity18130 '. No published data exist on this topic. METHODS: Responders to a 10-week open trial of @entity5829 ( @entity9956 ) whose therapeutic response persisted during a 4-month continuation phase were eligible to begin a 2-year placebo-controlled maintenance phase. We analyzed the subgroup with DSM-III-R @entity18130 (n=27) that entered maintenance. Time to recurrence during maintenance therapy was compared between the two treatment groups. RESULTS: Six of 13 @entity1 receiving placebo and none of 14 @entity1 receiving ongoing DMI experienced a recurrence. Risk of recurrence was significantly greater for placebo @entity1 . Five of six placebo recurrences occurred within the first 6 months of maintenance. LIMITATIONS: Larger replication studies are needed. CONCLUSION: @entity5829 was efficacious as a maintenance treatment in @entity1 with @entity18130 who responded to 7 months of acute and continuation DMI.

title: Maintenance XXXX for dysthymia: a placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine', 'Desipramine']

entities_list: @entity18130 :: ('MESH:C536289', 'Disease') :: ['pure dysthymia']

answer: @entity5829 :: (MESH:D003891,Chemical) :: ['desipramine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2335 / @entity2336 ( @entity2337 /PBS) at present is a symptom-based diagnosis. The @entity2335 Symptom Index (ICSI), also known as the O'Leary-Sant Symptom Index, is a widely used scale that assesses the four cardinal symptoms of @entity2337 /PBS (ie, @entity2336 , urgency, frequency, and @entity2183 ), by asking how often each is experienced. In an ongoing case-control study of recent-onset @entity2337 /PBS, we compared the ICSI with a series of questions that addressed the severity of these symptoms. METHODS: Recruiting nationally, we enrolled @entity1 with @entity2337 /PBS symptoms of 12 months' duration or less. We assessed the severity of @entity158 , frequency, and urgency using Likert and categorical scales, and how often these symptoms were experienced using the ICSI. We compared these scales by frequency distributions and interscale correlations. RESULTS: In 138 @entity1 with recent-onset @entity2337 /PBS, the scores for frequency were correlated and, for @entity158 , appeared to be complementary. However, for urgency, the ICSI question of "the strong need to urinate with little or no warning" consistently yielded lower scores than the severity question of "the compelling urge to urinate that is difficult to postpone." Some @entity1 denied urgency to the ICSI question yet reported intense urgency to the severity question. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the severity question, the ICSI underestimated the prevalence and degree of urgency. This observation is consistent with the views of others that sudden urgency does not define the sensation experienced by many @entity1 with @entity2337 /PBS. Clarifying this symptom description may assist in developing a usable case definition for @entity2337 /PBS.

title: Assessing urgency in XXXX / @entity2336 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['painful bladder syndrome', 'bladder pain']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial cystitis', 'Interstitial Cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['interstitial cystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that acutely sleep-deprived @entity1 would rate ascending concentrations of @entity969 as more intense and pleasant, than they would do after one night of normal sleep. Such a finding would offer a potential mechanism through which acute @entity25 could promote overeating in @entity1 . METHOD: A total of 16  healthy normal-weight @entity1 participated in 2  conditions: sleep (permitted between 22:30 and 06:30  h) and @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) respectively. On the morning after regular sleep and @entity1949 , circulating concentrations of ghrelin and @entity413 were measured. In addition, @entity1 hunger level was assessed by means of visual analogue scales, both before and after a caloric preload. Finally, following the preload, @entity1 rated both intensity and pleasantness of six orally presented yogurt probes with varying @entity969 concentrations (2-29   %). RESULTS: Feelings of hunger were significantly more intense under both fasted and sated conditions when subjects were sleep-deprived. In contrast, the change in hunger induced by the preload was similar between the sleep and @entity1949 conditions. Plasma concentrations of ghrelin were significantly higher under conditions of @entity1949 , whereas plasma @entity413 did not differ between the conditions. No effects were found either on sweet taste intensity or on pleasantness after @entity1949 . CONCLUSION: One night of @entity1949 increases morning plasma concentrations of the hunger-promoting hormone ghrelin in healthy young @entity1 . In contrast, sweet taste perception was not affected by nocturnal wakefulness. This suggests that an altered sweet taste perception is an unlikely mechanism by which @entity1949 enhances food intake.

title: Sweet taste perception not altered after acute sleep deprivation in healthy young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['total sleep deprivation', 'TSD']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep loss']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity779 a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations that may vary from asymptomatic to severe and even fatal features. Plasma leakage/ @entity548 can be caused by a cytokine storm induced by monocytes and dendritic cells during @entity779 virus (DENV) replication. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are innate immune cells and in response to virus exposure secrete @entity686 and express membrane @entity2205 ( @entity13943 ). We aimed to characterize pDC activation in @entity779 @entity1 and their function under DENV-2 stimulation in vitro. METHODS FINDINGS: Flow cytometry analysis (FCA) revealed that pDCs of mild @entity779 @entity1 exhibit significantly higher frequencies of @entity13943 compared to severe cases or healthy controls. Plasma levels of @entity686 and soluble @entity2205 are increased in mild compared to severe @entity779 @entity1 , positively correlating with pDC activation. FCA experiments showed that in vitro exposure to DENV-2 induced @entity13943 expression on pDC. Furthermore, three dimension microscopy highlighted that @entity2205 was relocalized from intracellular compartment to plasma membrane. @entity503 treatment inhibited DENV-2-induced @entity13943 relocalization and @entity686 production by pDC. Endosomal viral degradation blockade by @entity503 allowed viral antigens detection inside pDCs. All those data are in favor of endocytosis pathway activation by DENV-2 in pDC. Coculture of pDC/DENV-2-infected monocytes revealed a dramatic decrease of antigen detection by FCA. This viral antigens reduction in monocytes was also observed after exogenous @entity686 treatment. Thus, pDC effect on viral load reduction was mainly dependent on @entity686 production. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation characterizes, during DENV-2 infection, activation of pDCs in vivo and their antiviral role in vitro. Thus, we propose @entity2205 -expressing pDCs may have an important role in the outcome of disease.

title: Dengue virus activates membrane @entity2205 relocalization and XXXX production by @entity1 plasmacytoid dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue displays', 'dengue']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine', 'Chloroquine']

answer: @entity686 :: (3438,Gene) :: ['IFN-a']


abstract: Current evidence demonstrates that augmented production of endogenous cardiotonic @entity230 (CTS) such as @entity7832 and @entity36454 is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity101 and other @entity65 associated with volume expansion. It is also well documented that the development of @entity101 and the @entity65 of this disease are provoked by @entity1371 and suppressed by high-K(+) diet. We hypothesized that altered extracellular K(+) ( @entity3529 (+))(o) handling contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity101 via modulation of interaction of endogenous CTS with @entity4024 /K(+)-ATPase. To examine this hypothesis, experiments were performed with C7-Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney epithelial cells at [K(+)](o) detected in plasma under control conditions (4.5mM), severe @entity1371 (2mM), and @entity4144 (7mM). Elevation of [K(+)](o) from 2 to 7mM increased the threshold of modulation of intracellular (Na(+))(i) and ( @entity3529 (+))(i) content by @entity7832 from 1 to 10nM, which corresponds to the range of endogenous CTS detected in plasma from @entity1 with volume-expanded disorders. In control medium, approximately 30% activation of cell proliferation was observed with 3nM @entity7832 , whereas the addition of 0.3nM @entity7832 was sufficient to induce about the same increment of cell proliferation in K(+)-depleted medium. [K(+)](o) elevation up to 7mM completely abolished the proliferative effect of @entity7832 . At [K(+)](o)=2, 4.5 and 7mM, the @entity204 of @entity7832 -treated cells was indicated in the presence of 10, 30 and 300nM @entity7832 , respectively. In conclusion, our results showed that modulation of [K(+)](o) in a pathophysiologically reasonable range sharply affected efficacy of endogenous CTS in the elevation of the [ @entity4024 ](i)/[K(+)](i) ratio and in triggering ( @entity4024 )(i),( @entity3529 (+))(i)-independent signaling resulting in cell proliferation and @entity204 . We propose that @entity4024 /K(+)-ATPase may be considered as a [K(+)](o) sensor involved in the crosstalk of ( @entity3529 (+))(o) handling with the pathogenesis of @entity65 .

title: The @entity4024 /K(+)-ATPase as [K(+)](o) sensor: Role in XXXX pathogenesis and augmented production of endogenous cardiotonic @entity230 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity36454 :: ('MESH:C093896', 'Chemical') :: ['marinobufagenin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of enteric-coated @entity618 (EC-MPS) on skin and pulmonary manifestations of @entity1 with progressive @entity785 ( @entity785 ). A prospective, open-label single-centre trial with EC-MPS 2   720 mg/day over 12 months and a long-term follow-up of 50 months were conducted. Modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) was used to assess the skin and pulmonary function tests to assess the @entity358 . In order to quantify the extent of @entity3794 / @entity82 via densitometry, the high attenuation value, median lung density and percentiles of lung tissue densities were obtained by high-resolution computed tomography. Eleven @entity1 were included. Three @entity1 had to stop medication before month   6 (2  side effects, 1  progression). For the remaining eight @entity1 , the median mRSS was non-significantly reduced from 13.5 at baseline to 11 at month 12. According to the CT histography, median lung density and high attenuation values remained stable. However, the course of percentiles -200 to -300 and particularly -300 to -400 Hounsfield units slightly increased in seven of eight @entity1 after 12 months, suggesting worsening of @entity358 . Accordingly, median diffusing capacity for @entity1223 showed a tendency to decline (75.1 % vs. 70.2) while forced vital capacity non-significantly improved (78.0 vs. 85.5 %) during the study. Four @entity1 are still on EC-MPS without clinical signs of progression after 50 months follow-up. EC-MPS showed non-significant improvement of the skin. @entity3794 remained stable with only a slight tendency towards progression which might be ascribed to the medication as well as the natural course of the disease. CT histography appears to be a sensitive method for the detection of progression of @entity3794 and therefore should be considered for further studies in @entity785 .

title: Enteric-coated @entity618 for progressive @entity785 --a prospective open-label study with CT histography for monitoring of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis', 'pulmonary fibrosis', 'alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate sodium']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Ssc', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: The effects of growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) on the teleost somatotropic axis are poorly understood, particularly with respect to @entity29114 ( @entity29114 ) and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). To assess the endocrine and orexigenic responses of @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) to GHS treatment, animals were injected with @entity1 GHRH(1-29)- @entity6346 , @entity40345 or @entity35 @entity9315 at 0, 1 or 10 pmol/g body mass. Feed intake was tested at 2 and 5 h post-injection and plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), @entity29114 and the IGFBPs were determined at 3, 6 and 12 h post-injection. Feed intake was significantly elevated by all of the GHSs tested at both post-injection time points. All GHSs elevated plasma GH levels in a time-dependent manner. Plasma @entity29114 levels were elevated by all GHSs at 3 h post-injection, whereas those animals treated with @entity40345 and @entity9315 exhibited @entity308 at 6 h. Four IGFBPs were identified in the plasma by western blotting. Levels of the 20 kDa IGFBP decreased over the sampling time. Levels of the 32 kDa IGFBP were significantly depressed by all GHSs tested. Levels of the 42 kDa IGFBP were significantly elevated by all GHSs tested. Plasma levels of the 50 kDa IGFBP was decreased in some treatment groups at 3 h, but elevated by 6 h in the @entity9315 -treated groups and elevated in all treatment groups by 12 h post-injection. The endocrine and orexigenic responses demonstrate that GHSs influence the teleost neuroendocrine system beyond short-term actions (<3 h post-injection) on GH release and the responses of the IGFBPs to GHS treatment support this notion and clarify their identification as functional homologues to @entity1 IGFBPs.

title: Endocrine and orexigenic actions of growth hormone secretagogues in @entity5660 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of the early application of photocoagulation for treating the @entity1103 in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We also wanted to evaluate the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to make a quantitative detection in @entity1 suffering from this condition. @entity1 AND METHODS: From October 2010 to October 2014, a total of 132 @entity1 , all diagnosed with @entity6 combined with @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) in our hospital, were enrolled in this study. After obtaining the approval of the hospital Ethics Committee and the informed consents of @entity1 and families, we divided the cases into two groups: PRP group (n=63) and @entity1103 group (n=69). Clinical effects and complications associated with the used methods were compared and analyzed in two groups. RESULTS: We analyzed the panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), and macular grid photocoagulation curative effects. The difference in successful surgery rate, between the two groups, was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). When we examined @entity1 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the surgery, average retinal thickness and volume in macular region in both groups were reduced. In the group, the comparison was statistically significant (p < 0.05) while between the groups, the comparison was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Visions in both groups were improved after treatment and difference on the post-operative 6-month vision improvement degree between the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the early photocoagulation could significantly improve the vision. However, the clinical effects and complications associated with the use of PRP and macular grid photocoagulation had no significant differences.

title: The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate the efficacy of different photo-coagulations in XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['NPDR', 'non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CSME', 'macular edema', 'clinically significant macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: Primary BA's secreted into the duodenum are extensively altered by bacteria in the large intestine. Such changes are not found in GF animals. As a result, GF @entity35 reabsorb BA much more efficiently than do CV controls, and BA and @entity165 pools are higher in GF than CV @entity35 . This indicates the importance of the intestinal flora in the homeostasis of @entity165 metabolism. Antibiotics can affect the extent to which BA's are altered by bacteria. In some cases, the antibiotic treatment also affects @entity165 levels in serum or liver. We have found that treatment of CV @entity35 for only 5 days with low levels of @entity7914 (0.85 micron) led to a predominance of omega-MC over HDC in the feces at 10 days after withdrawal of the antibiotic. This reduced the usual HDC/omega-MC ratio from approximately 2.0 to 0.9 or less. These @entity35 were also found to have liver @entity165 levels modestly elevated over those of controls. In other experiments the decrease in hyodeoxycholate/omega-muricholate ratio was found to persist for at least 90 days after discontinuation of treatment. Later experiments carried out with @entity7914 and with @entity114 revealed the possible existence of a resistance factor to @entity7914 . A significant lowering of the @entity39731 /omega-muricholate ratio was now found only with antibiotic concentrations 10 to 100 times greater than those used previously. Possible implications of the persistence of antibiotic effects, as measured by changes in fecal BA's, include effects on vitamin metabolism, @entity694 , and @entity165 metabolism.

title: Effects of @entity7914 on bile acids in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity7914 :: ('MESH:D002751', 'Chemical') :: ['Aureomycin']

entities_list: @entity39731 :: ('CHEBI:58875', 'Chemical') :: ['hyodeoxycholate']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The main goal of this study was to determine the effect of a freeze-dried aqueous extract of the red variety of Lepidium meyenii (Red Maca) on @entity251 -induced @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) in adult @entity35 of the Holtzman strain. @entity35 were treated with freeze-dried aqueous extract of Red Maca at doses of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 g/kg body wt. A positive control group received @entity585 (0.6 mg/kg body wt.). After treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and the ventral prostate was extracted, and weighed. HPLC was used to determine the presence of glucosinolates in Red Maca. The prostate weight diminished in a dose-dependent fashion in @entity35 treated with Red Maca. The effect of Red Maca was better than that observed with @entity585 . @entity585 , but not Red Maca, reduced seminal vesicles weight. Analysis of the HPLC indicated the presence of @entity44564 ( @entity44565 ) with a content of 0.639%. Serum @entity251 levels were not affected by Red Maca. Moreover, serum @entity251 levels were not related to prostate or seminal vesicles weight in @entity35 treated with vehicle and Red Maca. In conclusion, Red Maca administered orally in @entity35 seems to exert an inhibitory effect at a level post DHT conversion, on the @entity1067 -induced experimentally, although a direct measure of reductase action would still be required.

title: Dose-response effect of Red Maca (Lepidium meyenii) on XXXX induced by testosterone enanthate.

entities_list: @entity44565 :: ('MESH:C060321', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucotropaeolin']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['Finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity44564 :: ('MESH:C408882', 'Chemical') :: ['benzyl glucosinolate']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity9737 ( @entity9737 ) may precipitate @entity49 ( @entity49 ), but it is unclear if @entity9737 is deleterious in @entity1 with @entity49 . We aimed to assess the safety of @entity9737 in the International Study on Cerebral Veins and Dural @entity50 prospective cohort. METHODS: In 624 @entity1 with @entity49 , we compared the prognosis of @entity1 submitted or not to @entity9737 . The primary outcome was ' @entity204 or dependency at 6   months', as evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS; mRS   =   3-6, with adjustment for variables associated with poor prognosis); secondary outcomes were: 'worsening after admission'; 'acute @entity204 '; and 'complete recovery at 6   months' (mRS   =   0-1). We analyzed the same outcomes in subgroups of @entity1 with @entity75 on the admission computer tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: @entity9737 was performed in 224 @entity1 (35.9%). There was no difference in frequency of ' @entity204 or dependency at 6   months' between @entity1 with or without @entity9737 [13.4% vs. 14.4%; odds ratio (OR)   =   0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-1.5; P   =   0.739]. @entity9737 was not associated with 'worsening after hospitalization' [21.5% vs. 23.5%; OR   =   0.9, 95% CI 0.6-1.3; P   =   0.577], 'acute @entity204 ' [3.6% vs. 3.3%; OR   =   1.1, 95% CI 0.5-2.7; P   =   0.844] or 'complete recovery' [79.9% vs. 76.6%; OR   =   1.2, 95% CI 0.8-1.7; P   =   0.484]. In the subgroups of @entity1 with @entity75 , the prognoses were not different between @entity1 submitted or not to @entity9737 . CONCLUSION: @entity9737 was not associated with the functional outcome of @entity1 with @entity49 , suggesting that @entity9737 was not harmful in these @entity1 . These results should not be generalized to @entity1 with large @entity75 and risk of herniation where @entity9737 is contraindicated.

title: Safety of lumbar puncture in XXXX with @entity49 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['CVT', 'cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity9737 :: ('MESH:D051299', 'Disease') :: ['Lumbar puncture', 'LP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been utilized as an alternative treatment to endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial @entity418 . We aimed to evaluate the complications associated with esophageal ESD and elucidate predictive factors for post-ESD stenosis. The study enrolled a total of 42 lesions of superficial @entity418 in 33 consecutive @entity1 who underwent ESD in our department. We retrospectively reviewed ESD-associated complications and comparatively analyzed regional and technical factors between cases with and without post-ESD stenosis. The regional factors included location, endoscopic appearance, longitudinal and circumferential @entity5 sizes, depth of invasion, and lymphatic and vessel invasion. The technical factors included longitudinal and circumferential sizes of @entity33 , @entity121 and cleavage, perforation, and en bloc resection. @entity3332 was defined when a standard endoscope (9.8 mm in diameter) failed to pass through the stenosis. The results showed no cases of delayed @entity548 , three cases of insidious perforation (7.1%), two cases of endoscopically confirmed perforation followed by @entity1764 (4.8%), and seven cases of @entity3332 (16.7%). Monovalent analysis indicated that the longitudinal and circumferential sizes of the @entity5 and @entity33 were significant predictive factors for post-ESD stenosis (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for a circumferential @entity33 size of more than 71% (100 and 97.1%, respectively), followed by a circumferential @entity5 size of more than 59% (85.7 and 97.1%, respectively). It is of note that the success rate of en bloc resection was 95.2%, and balloon dilatation was effective for clinical symptoms in all seven @entity1 with post-ESD stenosis. In conclusion, the most frequent complication with ESD was @entity3332 , for which the sizes of the @entity5 and @entity33 were significant predictive factors. Although ESD enables large en bloc resection of @entity418 , practically, in cases with a lesion more than half of the circumference, great care must be taken because of the high risk of post-ESD stenosis.

title: Predictive factors for XXXX after endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal stenosis', 'Esophageal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal defect', 'mucosal defects']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disclosure']

answer: @entity3332 :: (MESH:D004940,Disease) :: ['esophageal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated levels of blood @entity165 are associated with @entity65 , a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapies for addressing elevated blood @entity165 can be inadequate, ineffective or associated with side effects; therefore, the search for additional therapies is ongoing. This study evaluated Daily Body Restore (DBR), a proprietary blend of 9 probiotic organisms of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and 10 digestive enzymes, for its effects on @entity165 metabolism using an in vitro system and a @entity19 model. METHODS: We used a @entity19 model of @entity1007 induced by a high fat diet to evaluate the effects of DBR on blood @entity165 concentrations. @entity753 @entity19 were supplemented with DBR in their drinking water for 8  weeks and compared to control @entity19 given low fat diets or unsupplemented high fat diets. To evaluate the effects of DBR on the activity of gut microbiota in vitro, the Shime(  ) system consisting of sequential colon reactors was supplemented with DBR for analysis of short chain @entity844 production. RESULTS: Analysis of @entity753 @entity19 after 4  and 8  weeks of DBR supplementation revealed significant decreases in blood concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) while @entity412 concentrations were unaltered. Specifically, after 4  weeks of DBR supplementation, there was a 47  % decrease in LDL and a 32  % increase in HDL in peripheral blood compared to unsupplemented, high fat diet-fed @entity19 . After 8  weeks of DBR treatment, LDL concentrations were dramatically reduced by 78  % and HDL was increased by 52  % relative to control @entity19 . Addition of DBR to the Shime(  ) system led to significantly increased production of @entity4919 in colon reactors, indicative of microbial production of short chain @entity1718 known to inhibit @entity165 synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: DBR, a probiotic and digestive enzyme supplement, lowered harmful LDL and increased HDL levels in a @entity19 model and also exerted in vitro effects consistent with @entity165 -lowering activity. Given the magnitude of the effects of DBR, these findings are promising for clinical implementation of DBR for treating @entity1007 .

title: Experimental support for the effects of a probiotic/digestive enzyme supplement on serum XXXX concentrations and the intestinal microbiome.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemic', 'hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity5 cells can find in bone marrow (BM) a niche rich in growth factors and cytokines that promote their self-renewal, proliferation and survival. In turn, @entity5 cells affect the homeostasis of the BM and bone, as well as the balance among haematopoiesis, osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and bone-resorption. As a result, growth and survival factors normally sequestered in the bone matrix are released, favouring @entity5 development. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from BM can become @entity5 -associated fibroblasts, have immunosuppressive function, and facilitate @entity3 by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, MSCs generate osteoblasts and osteocytes and regulate osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, MSCs can play an important pro-tumorigenic role in the formation of a microenvironment that promotes BM and bone @entity3 . In this study we showed that BM MSCs from @entity0 @entity1 , without bone @entity3 , had low osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity compared to that of healthy volunteers. In contrast, chondrogenic differentiation was increased. Moreover, MSCs from @entity1 had lower expression of @entity9502 . Finally, our data showed higher levels of @entity5741 in peripheral blood plasma from @entity1 compared with healthy volunteers. Because no @entity1 had any @entity79 by the time of the study we propose that the primary @entity5 altered the plasticity of MSCs. As over 70 % of advanced @entity0 @entity1 and 30-40 % of @entity2 @entity1 will develop osteolytic bone @entity3 for which there is no total cure, our findings could possibly be used as predictive tools indicating the first signs of @entity79 . In addition, as the MSCs present in the BM of these @entity1 may not be able to regenerate bone after the @entity5 cells invasion into BM/bone, it is possible that they promote the cycle between @entity5 cell growth and @entity79 .

title: Behaviour of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow of @entity0 @entity1 without bone osteolytic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'untreated advanced breast and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction', 'bone disorder', 'future bone disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Five @entity1 with @entity511 , grade I or II, and one with @entity11262 of the skull base were treated at our clinic between 1967 and 1991. The @entity1 were three @entity1 and three @entity1 who ranged in age from 21 to 39 years. The presenting symptoms were @entity892 , decreased visual acuity, or symptoms of @entity129 . The duration of the symptoms ranged from 18 months to 14 years. A plain skull x-ray and tomography of the skull, computed tomographic (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealed a calcified mass. Angiograms showed an @entity432 , or both, in four @entity1 , and a distinct @entity5 stain in one. The @entity5 were subtotally removed in all six cases. Two @entity1 received postoperative irradiation for the @entity41 . In one @entity1 , extraocular movement was compromised postoperatively, although in the other five @entity1 there was no aggravation of the neurologic signs. Follow-up CT scans and MRI demonstrated no recurrent @entity5 nor any @entity41 . Based on these findings, we advocate aggressive surgical @entity5 , which should be augmented by radiation therapy if the postoperative CT scans or MRI reveal @entity41 .

title: XXXX of the skull base: report of six cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['involvement of VIIIth and lower cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor', 'residual tumors', 'enlargement of residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity11262 :: ('MESH:D018211', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of these tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of the arteries or venous sinuses']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['Chondrosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Of the morbidities that follow tonsillectomy, @entity390 and @entity391 , fever, @entity158 and inadequate oral intake are the most commonly encountered. The incidence of @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) has been reported as between 40% and 85%. In @entity1 , the risk of dehydration is increased owing to the delay in oral intake of fluids in the early postoperative period. In efforts to reduce postoperative morbidity, numerous modifications and adjuncts to the surgical procedure have been suggested, including the use of @entity230 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Reduction in @entity1209 , @entity158 and early return to a normal diet were studied as separate end-points in a review of the current literature. RESULTS: A total of 31 studies matched our search criteria and involved paediatric and adult @entity1 populations. Only 15 studies evaluated @entity158 , @entity1209 and diet. The lack of standardised surgical and anaesthetic techniques and the variations in length of follow-up, concentration of @entity230 administered and @entity1 age distribution weaken the impact of the results recorded in several studies. However, two-thirds show that a single intravenous dose of @entity619 reduces @entity158 , although this was limited to the early postoperative period. Moreover, 15 studies confirmed a beneficial effect of @entity619 on both @entity1209 and early oral intake. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative administration of a single dose of @entity619 to reduce postoperative morbidity resulting from tonsillectomy is supported by several studies. Adverse events have never been reported. However, further studies are warranted to determine the optimum dose required and the effect in adult tonsillectomy @entity1 . In addition, the data should be based on standardised surgical and anaesthetic techniques to allow reliable evaluation of the significance of all outcome measures.

title: [ XXXX for reduction of morbidity following tonsillectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroids']


abstract: The cause of airway resistance that develops during an @entity565 attack is not fully understood. Besides @entity5143 and @entity4 , a surfactant dysfunction has been suggested as a reason for an increase in airway resistance. This study sought to determine if surface activity of airway fluid is altered in acute @entity748 attacks. Sputa were collected serially from seven @entity1 with acute @entity748 attacks and compared with that of normal subjects (n = 15) and subjects with stable @entity565 (n = 14). Sputa were analyzed for minimal surface tension (STmin), phospholipids (PL), and total proteins (TP). There were no significant differences in STmin, PL, and TP between sputa from normal subjects and subjects with stable @entity565 . In the acute phase of the attack, TP, TP/PL ratio, and STmin significantly increased. However, in the recovery phase of the attack, TP/PL ratio and STmin significantly decreased. These data demonstrated that surface properties of airway fluid deteriorated in the early phase of the @entity565 attack, but were ameliorated in the recovery phase possibly by the surfactant recruitment. The drastic changes in surface activity of sputum suggest that changes in airway surfactant may be partly involved in the pathogenesis of the @entity1224 during @entity748 .

title: Surface activity of sputum from acute @entity748 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatic attack']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['airway edema']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1663 ( @entity1663 ) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by nonscarring hair loss on the scalp or any hair-bearing surface. A wide range of clinical presentations can occur, from a single patch of hair loss to complete loss of hair on the scalp ( @entity1665 , @entity1129 ) or over the entire body ( @entity1665 universalis, @entity10058 ). The cause of @entity1663 is unknown although most evidence supports the hypothesis that @entity1663 is an immunologically mediated disease. The aim of the study was to compare serum levels of total @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ) between @entity1 with @entity1663 and healthy subjects, and to assess the difference between the localized form and extensive forms of the disease such as @entity1129 and @entity10058 . Sixty @entity1 with @entity1663 and 50 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Fifty @entity1 had localized @entity1663 (LAA), and ten @entity1 had @entity1129 , @entity10058 or @entity1129 / @entity10058 . Serum levels of @entity9416 were measured using fluoroenzyme immunoassay techniques. Serum levels of total @entity9416 were significantly higher in @entity1663 @entity1 than in controls (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum levels of total @entity9416 between @entity1 with LAA and those with extensive forms of the disease (p>0.05). The exact role of serum @entity9416 in @entity1663 should be additionally investigated in future studies.

title: Serum levels of total @entity9416 in XXXX with @entity1665 areata: relationship with clinical type of the disease.

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['alopecia totalis', 'alopecia']

entities_list: @entity9416 :: ('3497', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin E', 'IgE']

entities_list: @entity1663 :: ('MESH:D000506', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'Alopecia areata']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity43 is a clinical type of gynecological @entity5 with poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. At present, the primary treatment method used is surgery, with chemotherapy as an ajdunctive therapy. Thus, new short-term treatments should be identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the short-term curative effects and safety of @entity1205 combined with intraperitoneal @entity900 chemotherapy and @entity221 treatment of advanced @entity43 . A total of 112 cases of advanced (stage III-IV) @entity43 @entity1 confirmed by clinical diagnosis between October 2014 and December 2015 were included in the study. The @entity1 were randomly divided into the study and control groups (n=56 cases). The control group was treated with @entity1205 and intraperitoneal @entity900 hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy, while the study group was treated with @entity1205 venous chemotherapy and intraperitoneal @entity900 cyclical hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy with BR-TRG-1 body cavity hyperthermic perfusion treatment system. Clinical treatment results for short-term curative effects and adverse reactions were compared and analyzed 8 weeks after treatment. The total effective rate of the study and control groups were 87.5 and 62.5%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The controlled rate of ascites, remission rate of @entity5 and descent rate of @entity10224 of @entity1 in the study group were better than @entity1 in the control group (P<0.05). The rate of adverse reactions of @entity1 in the study group was 39.3%, and the grade of @entity137 was from I to II, while the rate of adverse reactions of @entity1 in the control group was 55.4%, and the grade of @entity137 was from II to III. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, applying the combination of @entity1205 , intraperitoneal @entity900 hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy and @entity221 to treat advanced @entity43 can improve the curative effects with little @entity137 ; thus, it is worthy of promotion and application.

title: XXXX combined with intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy and @entity221 in the treatment of advanced @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: In a prospective, randomized study of 16 volunteers, a new @entity11893 formulation of the induction hypnotic @entity4671 in lipid emulsion was compared with the commercial form in @entity2771 (Hypnomidate). After 0.3 mg/kg @entity4671 plasma levels (HPLC) and hypnotic effects (visual EEG analysis) of both formulations were almost identical. Onset of action occurred after 41.6 s in the @entity2771 group (group I) and 35.6 s in the lipid emulsion group (group II). The hypnotic effect (greater than or equal to D0) lasted 7 min 20 s in group I and 6 min in group II. Plasma levels in group I decreased from 630 ng/ml after 2 min to 170 after 8 min and 37 after 130 min. With group II the plasma levels decreased from 770 ng/ml after 2 min to 150 after 8 min and 42 after 130 min (Fig. 1). In the @entity2771 experiment, 4 of 8 volunteers reported @entity158 on injection. Within 7 days 4 @entity1 developed @entity3527 or @entity2268 . One showed signs of an @entity56 ( @entity110 ). With the new formulation of @entity4671 in lipid emulsion, neither @entity56 were observed in any of the 8 volunteers (Table 2).

title: [A new formulation of XXXX in lipid emulsion--bioavailability and venous provocation].

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['venous sequelae nor allergic reactions', 'allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity4671 :: (MESH:D005045,Chemical) :: ['etomidate']


abstract: The therapeutic effects of a monoclonal antibody against @entity5 factor alpha ( @entity310 ) were evaluated objectively in 10 @entity1 with @entity309 by 111In-labelled granulocyte imaging before and after treatment, and compared with changes in granulocyte kinetics with respect to the liver, spleen and lungs. Anti- @entity310 resulted in a decrease in the size of the whole-body pool of marginating granulocytes, as reflected by a significant increase in the 30 min intravascular recovery of labelled granulocytes from 40% (S.D. 10) to 47% (S.D. 16) of injected activity (P<0.02). The 111In contents of the spleen, liver and lungs were unchanged, so the origin of the increment in recovery was presumed to be a reduction in granulocyte margination in inflamed synovium, although this was not quantifiable. The sizes of the granulocyte pools in the liver and lungs, expressed as the 111In content of the organ per unit of circulating 111In-labelled cells, were not significantly different after treatment, but the splenic granulocyte pool decreased by 16% (S.D. 19) (P<0.05). Individual changes in the size of the splenic pool showed no significant correlation with corresponding changes in 30 min recovery or with corresponding indices of @entity32 (24 h 111In-granulocyte joint activity and C-reactive protein). We conclude that anti- @entity310 produces an obvious resolution in inflammatory joint activity that is accompanied by an increased circulating component of the total blood granulocyte pool, as a result of decreased margination at sites of @entity32 . Anti- @entity310 may also produce a specific decrease in splenic granulocyte pooling, independent of any anti-inflammatory effects, although a similar decrease in the lungs, which might be anticipated as a result of reduced cytokine-induced granulocyte activation, could not be detected.

title: Effects of treatment of @entity309 XXXX with an antibody against @entity5 factor alpha on reticuloendothelial and intrapulmonary granulocyte traffic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The HoNOS has been developed as a routine measure of outcomes in mental health. AIMS: To explore the validity and interrater reliability of HoNOS in a first-onset @entity716 follow-up study. METHOD: Between 1992 and 1994 we ascertained a cohort of all @entity1 with first-onset @entity716 . We re-assessed these @entity1 at 3 years (n = 166) with several outcome scales, including HoNOS. @entity1 ' keyworkers also completed the HoNOS. We estimated concurrent validity by calculating correlations between HoNOS and other scales, and interrater reliability. RESULTS: Researcher HoNOS correlated highly with other scales (0.46 < p < 0.86; P < 0.001). Keyworker HoNOS correlations were lower (0.41 < p < 0.51; P < 0.05), but still significant for all scores except the HoNOS-social subscale (0.12 < p < 0.28). Agreements between researcher and keyworker HoNOS were modest (0.47 < ICC < 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: In this research cohort HoNOS correlates well with established outcome scales. Keyworker ratings show similar, but weaker, relationships; its use in routine settings may require further training for calibration of severity.

title: Evaluating the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales. Reliability and validity in a three-year follow-up of first-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: The @entity994 protein inhibits the activity of @entity1364 -Cdk complexes and suppresses cell cycle progression. Wild type @entity876 can induce @entity994 , but mutated @entity876 cannot. Previous studies have demonstrated that mutation of @entity876 is absent in @entity521 ( @entity521 ). These reports prompted us to examine whether @entity876 induced @entity994 in @entity521 . We examined the expression of @entity994 and @entity876 mRNA in eight @entity521 , two @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) and two @entity6196 ( @entity6196 ) cell lines by Northern blot analysis, and sequenced @entity876 cDNA of these cells. Although @entity876 mRNA was detected in all analyzed cell lines by Northern blot analysis, @entity994 mRNA was detected in six @entity521 but not in two @entity521 , two @entity2828 and two @entity6196 cell lines. We detected the point mutation of @entity876 at codon 273 (CGT to @entity44398 ) in one @entity521 and two @entity2828 cell lines. The non-transforming substitution at codon 72 (CCC to CGC) was detected in all analyzed cell lines. One @entity6196 cell line had a large deletion of @entity876 cDNA. These results showed that @entity994 mRNA was usually expressed in @entity521 but not in @entity2828 and @entity6196 . This may suggest that the down stream of the @entity876 signal transduction pathway in @entity521 is different from that of the closely related @entity5 of @entity2828 and @entity6196 .

title: @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 / @entity994 /Pic1) mRNA is expressed in @entity521 cell lines but not in XXXX and @entity6196 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['ES', "Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['primitive neuroectodermal tumor', 'PNET']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: @entity5962 , the major intercellular adhesion molecule of epithelial cells, is important in determining the architecture of @entity242 , especially those showing epithelioid features. In addition to its role in cell adhesion, @entity3546 , a cadherin undercoat protein, has been shown to function as a downstream transcriptional activator of the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. In order to evaluate the significance of the cadherin cell adhesion system and the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway in the morphogenesis and/or tumorigenesis of @entity1352 (a major type of @entity242 with epithelioid features), immunoreactivity for pan-cadherin, @entity5962 , and their undercoat proteins ( @entity42331 ) was evaluated in 15 @entity1352 . Immunoreactivity for pan-cadherin, @entity5962 , @entity19207 , @entity3546 , and @entity8780 was observed in all 15 specimens. Immunoreactivity for pan-cadherin was stronger than that for @entity5962 . Expression of gamma-catenin was detected in ten specimens. Although @entity3546 was observed only at the cell-cell boundaries in four specimens, it was present in the nucleus and cytoplasm and at the cell-cell boundaries in the other 11, suggesting constitutional activation of the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway in @entity1352 . Direct sequencing for exon 3 of the @entity3546 gene, however, revealed no mutations in any of the 15 specimens. In conclusion, other types of cadherin besides @entity5962 , together with cadherin undercoat proteins, may play a role in cell adhesion in @entity1352 . Furthermore, mechanisms other than mutation of exon 3 of the @entity3546 gene may activate the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway in this type of @entity5 .

title: Expression of cadherins and their undercoat proteins ( XXXX ) and accumulation of @entity3546 with no gene mutations in @entity1352 .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas', 'synovial sarcoma']

answer: @entity42331 :: (1500;1495;1499,Gene) :: ['alpha-, beta-, and gamma-catenins and p120']


abstract: The @entity410 using a single antiepileptic agent can be expected in more than 80% of @entity1 , although not necessarily with the first drug tried. The remainder often receive polypharmacy, and current evidence suggests that perhaps only around 10% of these benefit significantly in terms of improved @entity410 control. Many more experience complicated drug interactions. @entity2049 , @entity3174 , @entity109 , and @entity8821 (metabolized in part to phenobarbital) all induce the synthesis of hepatic monooxygenase and conjugating enzymes. This will result in an acceleration in the metabolism of other lipid-soluble drugs with likely attenuation of their pharmacological effects. @entity1092 , on the other hand, is a minor enzyme inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic interactions are almost invariable when more than one antiepileptic drug is coprescribed. The extent and direction of interactions with combinations of these drugs are varied and unpredictable. Discontinuation of an enzyme inducer or inhibitor will influence the concentrations of the remaining drug(s). Pharmacodynamic interactions also cause problems in @entity302 @entity1 . A number of commonly prescribed psychoactive drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics, can worsen @entity410 control by reducing the @entity410 threshold. In addition, there seems little doubt that @entity1068 abuse and withdrawal can precipitate @entity410 in susceptible patients. Antiepileptic polypharmacy is more likely to impair cognitive function than the same drugs used singly. In addition, the more antiepileptic drugs received by a @entity1 in the first trimester of pregnancy, the higher the risk of teratogenesis in the exposed @entity1 . Drug interactions prolong and complicate the process of new drug assessment, particularly when introduced in treated @entity1 with @entity302 . The candidate antiepileptic drug may alter the concentration of concomitant therapy, or its own breakdown may be influenced by coprescribed enzyme inducers or inhibitors. Even if the new drug is excreted unchanged by the kidney, unexpected interactions can be uncovered. Pharmacodynamic interactions need not always be detrimental. Currently, there is no rational approach to the treatment of intractable @entity302 . As more new drugs with single mechanisms of action become available, the potential exists for combining these synergistically. This approach may revolutionize the pharmacological management of the @entity302 @entity1 in the 21st century.

title: Drug interactions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsion', 'seizures', 'abolition of seizures']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproate']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity8821 :: ('MESH:D011324', 'Chemical') :: ['primidone']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']