abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether, among other prognostic factors, a history of Cesarean section is associated with endometrial ablation failure in the treatment of @entity931 . Study design We compared @entity1 who had failed ablation to @entity1 who had successful ablation for @entity931 in a case-control study. @entity11252 was defined as the need for hysterectomy due to persistent heavy @entity548 after ablation. Successful ablation was defined as an ablation for @entity931 not needing hysterectomy and the @entity1 being satisfied with the result. Both cases and controls were identified from the surgery registration in the M  xima Medical Center between January 1999 and January 2009. Cases were @entity1 that had an endometrial ablation and a hysterectomy, whereas controls only had an endometrial ablation. From the medical files we collected for each @entity1 clinical history, including the presence of a previous Cesarean section, baseline characteristics at the moment of initial ablation, data of the ablation technique and follow-up status. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to estimate the risk of failure of endometrial ablation. RESULTS: We compared 76 cases to 76 controls. Among the cases, 12 @entity1 had had a previous Cesarean section versus 15 in the control group (15.8% versus 19.7%; odds ratio (OR) 0.76; 95% CI 0.3-1.8). Factors predictive for failure of ablation were @entity1834 (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.5-6.1), having a @entity1868 (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.5-6.8) and uterine depth (per cm OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.6). Presence of @entity1867 , sterilization and age were not associated with failure of ablation. CONCLUSION: A previous Cesarean delivery is not associated with an increased risk of failure of endometrial ablation, but @entity1834 , a @entity1868 and longer uterine depth are. This should be incorporated in the counseling of @entity1 considering endometrial ablation.

title: Prognostic factors for the success of endometrial ablation in the treatment of XXXX with special reference to previous cesarean section.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['Failed ablation']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['intermenstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['submucous myoma']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) are a representative animal model for disturbance of the @entity774 , as well as disturbance of the autonomic nervous system. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we showed that adrenalectomy in SHR-induced spontaneous @entity2275 formation. We further investigated how abnormal adrenal secretion is related to the attenuation of gastric ulcerogenesis, in terms of leucocyte infiltration and @entity842 (NO) formation. Bilateral adrenalectomy, as well as a sham-operation, were carried out at 12 weeks in @entity101 SHR and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and observations were made three weeks later. The number of @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) positive cells, @entity1110 diaphorase histochemistry and NO synthase (NOS) activity were determined in gastric specimens. Only in adrenalectomized, but not sham-operated SHR, WKY and adrenalectomized WKY, could gastric ulcers be observed. Although the number of cells positive for @entity1589 was significantly lower in @entity101 SHR than those in WKY, such cells were increased after adrenalectomy in SHR. In contrast, adrenalectomized WKY developed no increase in @entity1589 -positive numbers. The number of @entity1110 diaphorase-positive cells increased after adrenalectomy in both strains, the extent of which was much greater in SHR than in WKY. Although NOS activity in SHR was lower than that in WKY, it was significantly increased after adrenalectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the development of a significant @entity2275 may be associated with entrapment of activated leucocytes in the gastric mucosa, as well as with an excessive production of NO in adrenalectomized SHR. An enhanced adrenal glucocorticoid may be a key factor for protecting the gastric mucosa in SHR.

title: Protective role of adrenal glucocorticoids for gastric mucosa in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer', 'gastric ulceration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The growth and @entity3 of solid @entity5 is dependent on angiogenesis. The @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its @entity15392 in @entity1 @entity319 (kinase domain containing receptor or @entity319 ) have particular interest because of their importance in angiogenesis. The development of novel inhibitors of @entity319 would be helpful to check the growth of @entity5 . Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analyses used to understand the structural factors affecting inhibitory potency of @entity6548 -substituted @entity14578 derivatives. Several pharmacophore-based models indicated the importance of steric, hydrophobic and @entity3884 bond acceptor groups to inhibitory activity. The comparative molecular field analyses (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analyses (CoMSIA) based 3D-QSAR models were derived using pharmacophore-based alignment. Both CoMFA (q(2)=0.70, r(2)=0.97 and r(predictive)(2)=0.61) and CoMSIA (q(2)=0.54, r(2)=0.82 and r(predictive)(2)=0.66) gave reasonable results. The molecular docking (receptor-guided technique) with a recently reported receptor structure (PDB=1YWN) were performed. The docked alignment was subsequently used for 3D-QSAR (CoMFA; q(2)=0.56, r(2)=0.97, r(predictive)(2)=0.82, CoMSIA; q(2)=0.58 r(2)=0.91, r(predictive)(2)=0.69). The overall both studies were indicated, steric, electrostatic and @entity3884 bond acceptor effects contribute to the inhibitory activity. CoMFA and CoMSIA models suggested that a positive bulk with hydrophobic effect is desirable around position 4 and 5 and @entity3884 bond acceptor groups around @entity14579 ring will be helpful.

title: Pharmacophore and docking-based combined in-silico study of XXXX inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity14578 :: ('MESH:C038362', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazolone']

entities_list: @entity6548 :: ('CHEBI:43732', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazole']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity14579 :: ('MESH:D047069', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazolones']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity15392 :: ('57126', 'Gene') :: ['cell surface receptor']

answer: @entity319 :: (3791,Gene) :: ['KDR']


abstract: To date, the sharing behaviors associated with the homemade @entity286 waterpipe used in rural areas of the Western Pacific Region have not been studied. Evidence from studies of manufactured waterpipes raises the possibility of infectious disease transmission due to waterpipe sharing. The objective of our pilot study in rural @entity4602 @entity1 's Democratic Republic (PDR) was to identify and measure the prevalence of waterpipe sharing behaviors. We first conducted ethnographic studies to investigate waterpipe-smoking behaviors. These findings were then used to develop an interviewer-administered household survey that was used in a sampling of waterpipe smokers from three villages of the Luang Namtha province of @entity4602 PDR (n = 43). Sampled waterpipe smokers were predominantly male (90.7%), older (mean age 49, SD 13.79), married (95.4%), farmers (78.6%), and had completed no primary education. Pipes were primarily made from bamboo (92.9%). Almost all (97.6%) smokers were willing to share their pipe with others. At the last time they smoked, smokers shared a pipe with at least one other @entity1 (1.2    0.5 @entity1 ). During the past week, they had shared a pipe with five other @entity1 (5.2    3.8 @entity1 ). The high prevalence of sharing behaviors among waterpipe smokers in rural Southeast Asia raises the possibility that this behavior provides important and unmeasured social network pathways for the transmission of infectious agents.

title: Mixed methods pilot study of sharing behaviors among waterpipe smokers of rural XXXX PDR: implications for infectious disease transmission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons', 'People']

answer: @entity4602 :: (259307,Gene) :: ['Lao']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify management strategies for non-functioning @entity5 (NF-PNETs) by analysis of surgical outcomes at a single institution. METHODS: Archived records of @entity1 with NF-PNETs who underwent surgery between 1994 and 2010 were reviewed. RESULTS: Among 125 @entity1 , the median @entity5 size was 2  5 (range 0  15-20  5) cm. Of the 51 NF-PNETs with a diameter of no more than 2 cm, 12 (24 per cent) were diagnosed as @entity189 . Overall 20 @entity1 (16  0 per cent) had @entity3 to the lymph nodes. The minimum size of the @entity5 with @entity1600 was 1  2 cm. Having a NF-PNET of 2 cm or larger significantly increased the probability of a poorly differentiated @entity189 (P = 0  006), and having a NF-PNET of at least 2  5 cm significantly increased the probability of @entity1600 (P = 0  048). The 5-year cumulative survival rate after curative resection was 89  7 per cent. During a median follow-up of 31  5 months, there were 27 recurrences (23  1 per cent) and 13 disease-specific deaths (11  1 per cent) among the 117 @entity1 who had an R0 resection. All @entity1 who underwent repeat operations were alive without additional recurrence after a mean(s.d.) follow-up of 27  1(18  0) months. CONCLUSION: Curative surgery should be performed for control of primary NF-PNETs. Lymph node dissection for NF-PNETs of 2  5 cm or larger and at least node sampling for @entity5 with a diameter of 1 cm or more are recommended. Debulking surgery should be considered for advanced @entity5 .

title: Surgical strategies for non-functioning XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours']


abstract: SETTING: @entity1 with new @entity358 on chest computed tomography (CT) scans at a tertiary centre in South Korea. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate associations among radiological changes, blood @entity1712 (E) and Toxocara (T) seropositivity. DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed blood @entity1712 , Toxocara seropositivity, history of raw meat intake and radiological features, and divided study @entity1 into four groups according to blood @entity1712 and Toxocara seropositivity. RESULTS: Among 150 @entity1 , 62 were E- and T-positive (E+T+), 45 were E-negative and T-positive (E-T+), 7 were E-positive and T-negative (E+T-), and 36 were E- and T-negative (E-T-). History of raw meat intake was found in 95 (63%) @entity1 . The type and number of lesions on CT did not show any significant differences among the four groups. Among 119 @entity1 who were not diagnosed with a specific disease, transient or migrating lesions were seen in 93% of E+T+, 93% of E-T+, 80% of E+T- and 52% of E-T- @entity1 (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the frequencies of migrating or new lesions and improvement were significantly higher in the Toxocara-positive group (88/95, 93%) than in the Toxocara-negative group (14/24, 58%; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Transient and @entity358 on chest CT scans were associated with blood @entity1712 and Toxocara seropositivity. Clinicians should consider asymptomatic @entity13871 as a cause of unexplained new @entity358 in countries with dietary habits of raw meat intake.

title: @entity13871 as a cause of new XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13871 :: ('MESH:D014120', 'Disease') :: ['toxocariasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['migratory pulmonary infiltrates', 'pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary infiltrates']


abstract: Between 1979 and 1989 21 @entity703 (8 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ) were diagnosed and treated in the Pediatric Hospital of the University of Erlangen. Additionally, there was evidence of @entity10230 in 5 @entity1 with @entity11123 and @entity11122 . One of these @entity1 developed a @entity3969 at the age of 3 1/2 years. The most frequent @entity5 was the @entity3969 , which was diagnosed in 14 @entity1 . @entity3969 are sonographically well delineated, @entity5 which often enclose small cysts (72%) but rarely @entity730 (5%) and show inhomogenous liver like echogenicity. @entity3 in liver, spleen or abdomen occurred in 2 @entity1 . The most frequent @entity703 in neonates was the mesoblastic @entity12878 (3 @entity1 ). All mesoblastic @entity12878 were well delineated round @entity5 with inhomogenous echo-texture and equal or increased echogenicity in comparison to the liver. They often enclosed small cysts but no @entity3 or @entity730 . @entity359 of the kidneys could be diagnosed in two @entity1 with @entity2916 . These @entity5 were echogenic nodules spread all over the kidney. We found @entity3969 with multiple irregularly delineated cysts in one @entity1 . In an other @entity1 multiple @entity8 simulating @entity5 with liver-like echogenicity could be found.

title: [Ultrasound differential diagnosis of XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'girls', 'child', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity11122 :: ('MESH:C563014', 'Disease') :: ['hemihypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity10230 :: ('MESH:C536399', 'Disease') :: ['nephroblastomatosis']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['Angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'round or oval tumors', 'tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity11123 :: ('MESH:D001506', 'Disease') :: ['Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12878 :: ('MESH:D018201', 'Disease') :: ['nephroma', 'nephromas']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor", 'multilocular nephroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney tumors']


abstract: 1. A re-investigation of the kinetics of @entity375 @entity21590 in the direction of @entity35798 formation has been carried out, covering a 1000-fold range in substrate concentrations. A variety of improved spectrophotometric and fluorimetric assay procedures have been used. 2. Kinetic plots proved to be non-linear for each variable substrate. A variety of checks have been carried out to show that this is not due to artifacts in the assay procedures or heterogeneity of the enzyme preparation. 3. The effects of a variety of salts on the activity of the enzyme have been examined. Most salts, especially those with multivalent anions, can cause activation of the enzyme, but inhibit at high concentration. 4. The salt effect is shown to be principally due to anions rather than cations, and not to ionic strength changes. @entity597 , as one of the most effective anions has been used in most comparisons. 5. Salt activation is steepest when the substrate concentrations are low; maximum activation has been about 5-fold with 0.2 mM @entity855 and 0.2 mM @entity10254 . Inhibition at the higher salt concentrations is strongest at the same substrate concentrations as when activation is steepest, indicating a link between the two effects. 6. The presence of 20 mM or more @entity2398 converted non-linear kinetic plots to linear ones. A study of the kinetics in the presence of 40 mM @entity2398 was interpreted in terms of a random sequential binding mechanism, with @entity597 acting as a competitive inhibitor. 7. Possible explanations for these anomalous results are discussed in terms of several mechanisms which have been shown to apply in other systems.

title: The steady-state kinetics of XXXX @entity21590 . Anomalous kinetic plots and the effects of salts on activity.

entities_list: @entity35798 :: ('MESH:C015891', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-bisphosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity10254 :: ('MESH:C005156', 'Chemical') :: ['3-phosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity21590 :: ('850370(Tax:4932)', 'Gene') :: ['phosphoglycerate kinase']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulphate', 'sulphate']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: The effects of the @entity1809 ( @entity1809 ) antagonist @entity9886 on pressure overload-induced left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 were studied in female @entity35 . Starting on the day of surgery, @entity9886 (L, 12 mg/kg/day) was administered as continuous intraperitoneal infusion for 2 weeks by using alzet mini-osmotic-pumps (model 2002). This dose of @entity9886 shifted the in vivo dose-response curve of the @entity1808 -induced elevation of left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) to the right. Pressure overload was achieved by placing a band around the aortic arch. This caused an @entity472 ( @entity472 ) with an outer diameter of 1.0 mm. The hemodynamic effects were measured in the intact, anesthetized @entity35 (n = 15). The hearts were excised, and the weights of the left (LV) and right ventricle (RV) were determined. Some of these hearts (n = 7) were perfused with collagenase to obtain isolated cardiac myocytes for the measurement of cell volume. Other hearts (n = 8) were examined for morphological changes. In the animals with @entity472 , LVSP was markedly elevated. Furthermore, LV weight and LV myocyte cell volume were increased in this group, while RV weight and RV myocyte cell volume remained stable in all the groups. L had no significant effect on the @entity472 -induced increase in LVSP and cell size parameters, nor on the weight gain of the LV. Histological analysis revealed that the @entity472 -induced enlargement of the mean myocyte diameter was not affected by L. The interstitial collagen fraction was increased in the @entity472 @entity35 and became normalized by L. These data suggest that the @entity3449 -angiotensin system might not be involved in the development of pressure-induced @entity1283 within the time-frame of these experiments, but that it does play a major role in the genesis of the interstitial @entity82 which is a typical feature of this pathophysiological condition.

title: Differential effects of XXXX receptor blockade on pressure-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and @entity82 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1809 :: ('24180(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II receptor type 1', 'AT1']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity1808 :: (24179(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) on the classification of 10-year hard @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk and to empirically derive cut-off values of the @entity460 score for a general population of elderly @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Although CAC scoring has been found to improve @entity301 risk prediction, there are limited data on its impact in clinical practice. METHODS: The study comprised 2,028 asymptomatic @entity1 (age 69.6    6.2 years) from the Rotterdam Study. During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 135 hard coronary events occurred. @entity1 were classified into low (<10%), intermediate (10% to 20%), and high (>20%) 10-year coronary risk categories based on a Framingham refitted risk model. In a second step, the model was extended by CAC, and reclassification percentages were calculated. Cutoff values of CAC for @entity1 in the intermediate-risk category were empirically derived based on 10-year hard @entity301 risk. RESULTS: Reclassification by means of CAC scoring was most substantial in @entity1 initially classified as intermediate risk. In this group, 52% of @entity1 and @entity1 were reclassified, all into more accurate risk categories. CAC values above 615 or below 50 Agatston units were found appropriate to reclassify @entity1 into high or low risk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a general population of elderly @entity1 at intermediate @entity301 risk, CAC scoring is a powerful method to reclassify @entity1 into more appropriate risk categories. Empirically derived CAC cutoff values at which @entity1 at intermediate risk reclassified to either high or low risk were 615 and 50 Agatston units, respectively.

title: Coronary XXXX score improves classification of @entity301 risk in the elderly: the Rotterdam study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of @entity1800 ( @entity1800 ) is a type II glycoprotein oriented in the plasma membrane with its @entity1472 terminus in the cytoplasm and its @entity1473 terminus external to the cell. We have previously shown that the membrane insertion of HN protein requires signal recognition particle SRP, occurs cotranslationally, and utilizes the same @entity3007 -dependent step that has been described for secretory proteins, @entity196 proteins, and multispanning proteins (C. Wilson, R. Gilmore, and T. Morrison, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1386-1392, 1987; C. @entity2360 . Connolly, T. Morrison, and R. Gilmore, J. Cell Biol. 107:69-77, 1988). The role of the @entity1472 -terminal cytoplasmic domain in the faithful membrane insertion of this type II protein was explored by characterizing the membrane integration of a mutant lacking 23 of the 26 @entity1522 of the cytoplasmic domain. The mutant protein was able to interact with SRP, resulting in translation inhibition, membrane targeting, and membrane translocation, but the efficiency of translocation was considerably lower than for the wild-type HN protein. In addition, a significant proportion of the mutant protein synthesized in the presence of SRP and microsomal membranes was associated with the membrane in an @entity1098 - and alkali-insensitive manner yet integrated into membranes with its @entity1473 -terminal domain on the cytoplasmic side of membrane vesicles. Membrane-integrated molecules with this reverse orientation were not detected when the mutant protein was synthesized in the absence of SRP or a functional SRP receptor. Truncated mRNAs encoding @entity1472 -terminal segments of the wild-type and mutant proteins were translated to prepare ribosomes bearing arrested nascent chains. The arrested mutant nascent chain, in contrast to the wild-type nascent chain, was also able to insert into membranes in a GTP- and SRP-independent manner. Results suggest that the cytoplasmic domain plays a role in the proper membrane insertion of this type II glycoprotein.

title: Aberrant membrane insertion of a cytoplasmic tail deletion mutant of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['NDV', 'Newcastle disease virus']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['Newcastle disease virus']


abstract: @entity1534 induces infiltration of the gastric mucosa by polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages, as well as T and B lymphocytes. Paradoxically, this robust immune/inflammatory response cannot clear the @entity281 , and thus leaves the host prone to complications resulting from @entity32 . One adverse consequence of this inflammatory response may be @entity356 , as @entity32 has been implicated in the development of intestinal metaplasia and mutations in oncogenes that precede the development of @entity356 . The gastric inflammatory response is affected somewhat, by the strain of @entity1534 that infects the host. Thus, the more severe clinical manifestation associated with some strains may be attributed to the higher grade of @entity32 that they induce. Both @entity1534 and cytokines induced during @entity281 can stimulate the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells including neutrophils and macrophages. When activated, these cells produce inflammatory mediators that include reactive @entity26 species (ROS). These mediators impart an oxidative stress on the cells in the immediate vicinity, in this case, the gastric epithelium. Normally, oxidative stress is neutralized by natural antioxidants such as @entity620 , however, levels of this antioxidant in the gastric juice are decreased during @entity281 . The increased levels of oxidants and decreased antioxidants create a stress that can change many processes in the gastric epithelium. For example, an accumulation of intracellular ROS regulates the expression of many genes and can induce DNA damage. Point mutations in the DNA that disrupt the expression and function of genes that inhibit cell growth (i.e. p53) are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity356 . Several studies suggest that epithelial cell turnover is affected by the inflammatory response to @entity1534 . This notion is supported by studies describing an increase in both epithelial cell proliferation, as well as cell death by apoptosis, in response to @entity281 . Apoptosis is a regulated process of cell death that is triggered by @entity1534 as well as various inflammatory mediators, including @entity5 factor and interferon-gamma. Activated T-cells also kill gastric epithelial cells directly. Moreover, the host response increases the expression of receptors for @entity1534 and thus increases bacterial binding and the induction of apoptosis by the bacteria. There are several other immune/inflammatory responses that contribute to epithelial cell damage mucosa and the pathogenesis of @entity356 . For example, gastric B cells produce autoreactive antibodies that bind to gastric epithelial cells. As a consequence of this antigen-antibody complex formation, complement becomes activated suggesting that some of the @entity32 and epithelial cell damage is attributable to immune-complex formation. Epithelial cell death can then stimulate the proliferative response of epithelial cell precursors. In summary, the proposed model may explain how the gastric inflammatory response contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity5 . This model raises the possibility that it could be preferable to identify the @entity1 at highest risk of developing @entity356 and then apply an intervention that eliminates the @entity281 and inflammatory response. Alternatively, clinical interventions should at least attenuate the oxidative stress that is directly attributed to @entity32 . These mechanisms have to be examined in the paediatric population.

title: Review article: the role of @entity32 in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Antibodies to @entity7467 virus (NDV) as measured by hemagglutination-inhibition and virus-neutralization tests were detected in 40/236 Canada geese captured while in their southward migration or in their wintering grounds. Antibodies were also found in 37/267 wild @entity4186 and in 20/31 domestic geese. Adult geese were readily infected by several routes. Inapparent disease usually resulted, and only 1/13 cases were fatal. Goose embryos responded differently to inoculation with selected NDV strains than did @entity1573 embryos of comparative developmental stages. Some goslings that hatched from inoculated embryos died and were found to have virus, whereas others survived and developed active antibodies. Four strains of virus isolated from migratory @entity4186 of the Pacific flyway were characterized. All 4 strains were lentogenic but differed from lentogenic strains prevalent in @entity1573 by being thermostable. It is proposed that wild waterfowl neither receive their ND infection from domestic poultry nor pass their disease to poultry. The virus reservoir probably exists in nature.

title: Epizootiology of XXXX in waterfowl.

entities_list: @entity7467 :: ('MESH:D009521', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle disease']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'chickens']

answer: @entity7467 :: (MESH:D009521,Disease) :: ['Newcastle disease']


abstract: Chronic treatment with several antihypertensive agents, including @entity460 channel blockers, may interfere with @entity5707 of large arteries and increased arterial stiffness. We hypothesize that even a short, seven-day administration of @entity460 channel blockers might alter an aortic @entity5707 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Male SHR and normotensive WKY @entity35 (n=14 each) were treated by either vehicle, vasculoselective @entity460 channel blocker @entity594 (1mg/kg/day) or cardiac/vascular @entity460 channel blockers @entity3988 (5mg/kg/day) or @entity1855 (4 mg/kg/day, n=6 for each treatment) subcutaneously twice daily for seven days. Additional SHR @entity35 were randomized for termination 24, 72 or 120 h (n=5 each) after the withdrawal of @entity594 . Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail cuff and thoracic aorta was collected for histomorphometric and functional analysis including @entity934 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Seven-day administration of @entity3988 and @entity594 , but not @entity1855 decreased blood pressure in SHR. All drugs significantly attenuated abnormal aortic wall thickness, cross-sectional area and media-to-lumen ratio, but only @entity594 improved impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. Following the withdrawal of @entity594 , all measured parameters returned back to control SHR values within 72 h. Seven-day treatment with distinct @entity460 channel blockers attenuates @entity101 @entity5707 of aorta, which might be, in case of @entity594 , reactivated even by a very short withdrawal of the drug. Therefore, vasculoprotection by @entity460 channel blockers is not restricted to a prolonged blood pressure modulation, but occurs rapidly. These findings could be relevant for an intervention in augmented @entity455 and related cardiovascular risk.

title: Rapid large artery @entity5707 following the administration and withdrawal of XXXX channel blockers in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['remodeling']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate rates of change measured with scanning laser polarimetry with enhanced @entity2687 ( @entity9999 ECC) and compare them to those measured using the variable @entity2687 ( @entity9999 VCC) method in a cohort of @entity726 @entity1 and individuals suspected of having the disease followed over time. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. METHODS: The study included 213 eyes of 213 @entity1 with an average follow-up time of 4.5 years. Images were obtained annually with the @entity9999 ECC and VCC, along with optic disc stereophotographs and standard automated perimetry (SAP) visual fields. Progression was determined by the Guided Progression Analysis software for SAP and by masked assessment of stereophotographs by expert graders. Joint linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate rates of change in @entity9999 measurements and their relationship with disease progression. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 (15%) showed progression over time on visual fields and/or stereophotographs. Mean rates of average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness change measured by the @entity9999 ECC were significantly different in progressors versus nonprogressors (-1.24 microm/year vs -0.34 microm/year; P < .001). The area under the ROC curve for discriminating progressors from nonprogressors was significantly higher for rates of change measured by ECC compared to VCC (0.89 vs 0.65; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Rates of RNFL change detected by the @entity9999 ECC were significantly greater in eyes with progressive @entity726 compared to eyes with stable disease. Also, the ECC performed significantly better than the VCC for detection of change, suggesting that it could improve longitudinal evaluation of the RNFL with scanning laser polarimetry.

title: Rates of progressive retinal nerve fiber layer loss in XXXX measured by scanning laser polarimetry.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal compensation']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: The records of 57 @entity1 with 61 @entity5513 treated with stereotactic radiosurgery at the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, from 1982 through 1984, were reviewed. Adequate radiological and clinical follow-up evaluations were available in these cases. An additional 8 @entity1 were treated during this same period but were not included because of insufficient data. The @entity5 were evaluated with CT or MRI. Their post-operative follow-up period was 6-66 months (mean 28 months). @entity5 size or no change was considered as a response to radiosurgery. This was found in 54 (88%) of the @entity5 . @entity5 with a diameter of less than 15 mm responded better (93%) than large ones (85%). Ninety-five percent of unilateral @entity5 and 74% of @entity5 associated with @entity4786 responded well. @entity5 had definite radiographic signs of subsequent growth. Four were removed using standard microsurgical techniques and three have so far not required further treatment. Facial and trigeminal nerve function was evaluated in 58 facial surfaces where @entity5 had been irradiated. Transient @entity425 developed in 9% and @entity1183 in 9% of the irradiated cases. The onset of these @entity129 appeared with a latency period of 4 to 15 months after radiosurgery. Excluding the ears which had been totally deaf before the treatment, forty-one ears were evaluated fully by audiometry prior to and one year after irradiation. 30% of them had no change in hearing, 68% had a more or less pronounced deterioration and 2% had improvement. We regard efficiency in arresting @entity5 growth without endangering life, preservation of @entity2103 , and only a day of hospitalization as major benefits of radiosurgery.

title: [Stereotactic radiosurgery in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Small tumors', 'Seven tumors', 'Decrease of tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neurinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between function and disease activity in early @entity625 (EIA). METHODS: Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) (n=1143) is a multi-site EIA cohort. Correlations between the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ) and DAS28 were done at every 3 months for the first year and then at 18 and 24 months. We also investigated the relationship between HAQ and DAS28 by age (<65 versus >= 65) and @entity6470 (positive vs negative). RESULTS: Mean HAQ and DAS28 scores were highest at the initial visit with HAQ decreasing over 24 months from a baseline of 0.94 to 0.40 and DAS28 scores decreasing from 4.54 to 2.29. All correlations between HAQ and DAS28 were significant at all time points (p<0.01). The correlations between HAQ and DAS28 were variable over time. The strongest correlation between HAQ and DAS28 occurred at initial visit (most DMARD naive) (n=1,143) and 18 months (r=0.57, n=321) and 24 months (r=0.59, n=214). The baseline correlation between HAQ and DAS28 was significantly different than correlations obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months (p=0.02, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). Age did not change the association between HAQ and DAS28 {<65 years old (r=0.50, n=868) versus >= 65 (r=0.48, n=254), p=0.49}. The correlation between HAQ and DAS28 was stronger with @entity6470 + @entity1 (r=0.63, n=636) vs @entity6470 negative (r=0.47, n=477), p=0.0043. CONCLUSION: Over 2 years in EIA, HAQ and DAS both improved; correlations at time points were different over 2 years and @entity6470 status affected the correlations.

title: The Relationship Between Function and Disease Activity as Measured by the HAQ and DAS28 Varies Over Time and by Rheumatoid Factor Status in Early XXXX (EIA). Results from the CATCH Cohort.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Arthritis']


abstract: @entity24621 (ANDV) causes a fatal @entity3358 ( @entity3358 ) in @entity1 and @entity329 . @entity1 alpha(v) @entity1093 integrins are receptors for several pathogenic hantaviruses, and the function of alpha(v) @entity1093 integrins on endothelial cells suggests a role for alpha(v) @entity1093 in hantavirus directed vascular permeability. We determined here that @entity778 of @entity1 endothelial cells or @entity329 -derived BHK-21 cells was selectively inhibited by the high-affinity alpha(v) @entity32203 ligand vitronectin and by antibodies to alpha(v) @entity1093 integrins. Further, antibodies to the @entity32203 PSI domain, as well as PSI domain polypeptides derived from @entity1 and @entity329 @entity1093 subunits, but not @entity19 or @entity291 @entity1093 , inhibited @entity778 of both BHK-21 and @entity1 endothelial cells. These findings suggest that ANDV interacts with @entity1093 subunits through PSI domain residues conserved in both @entity329 and @entity1 @entity1093 integrins. Sequencing the @entity329 @entity32203 PSI domain revealed eight differences between @entity329 and @entity1 @entity1093 integrins. Analysis of residues within the PSI domains of @entity1 , @entity329 , @entity19 , and @entity291 @entity1093 integrins identified unique @entity1521 substitutions at residues 32 and 33 of @entity19 and @entity291 PSI domains that could determine ANDV recognition. Mutagenizing the @entity1 @entity1093 PSI domain to contain the @entity32204 substitution present in @entity291 @entity32203 abolished the ability of the PSI domain to inhibit ANDV infectivity. Conversely, mutagenizing either the @entity291 PSI domain, @entity32205 , or the @entity19 PSI domain, @entity32206 , to the residue present @entity1 @entity1093 permitted PSI mutants to inhibit @entity778 . Similarly, CHO cells transfected with the full-length @entity291 @entity32203 containing the @entity32205 mutation permitted infection by ANDV. These findings indicate that @entity1 and @entity329 alpha(v) @entity1093 integrins are key receptors for ANDV and that specific residues within the @entity32203 PSI domain are required for @entity778 . Since @entity32204 is a naturally occurring @entity1 @entity1093 polymorphism, these findings further suggest the importance of specific @entity32203 residues in @entity9673 . These findings rationalize determining the role of @entity1093 integrins in hantavirus pathogenesis in the @entity329 model.

title: XXXX recognition of @entity1 and @entity329 beta3 integrins is determined by an @entity32204 substitution in the PSI domain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['ANDV infection']

entities_list: @entity3358 :: ('MESH:D018804', 'Disease') :: ['HPS', 'hantavirus pulmonary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity32204 :: ('p|SUB|L|33|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L33P']

entities_list: @entity32205 :: ('p|SUB|P|33|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P33L']

entities_list: @entity32206 :: ('p|SUB|S|32|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S32P']

entities_list: @entity9673 :: ('MESH:D018778', 'Disease') :: ['hantavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster', 'Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity24621 :: (46607,Species) :: ['Andes virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower @entity174 may easily cause bone delayed union or nonunion because of lacking of dynamic mechanical load. OBJECTIVE: Research Group would design a new instrument as @entity541 System of Stress Stimulation (RSSS) to provide dynamic mechanical load which would promote lower tibial bone union postoperatively. METHODS: This clinical research was conducted from January 2008 to December 2010, 92 @entity1 (male 61/female 31, age 16-70 years, mean 36.3 years) who suffered lower tibial bone closed @entity174 were given intramedullary nail fixation and randomly averagely separated into experimental group and control group(according to the successively order when @entity1 went for the admission procedure). Then researchers analysed the clinical healing time, full weight bearing time, VAS (Visual Analogue Scales) score and callus growth score of Lane-Sandhu in 3,6,12 months postoperatively. The delayed union and nonunion rates were compared at 6 and 12 months separately. RESULTS: All the 92 @entity1 had been followed up (mean 14 months). Clinical bone healing time in experimental group was 88.78  8.80 days but control group was 107.91  9.03 days. Full weight bearing time in experimental group was 94.07  9.81 days but control group was 113.24  13.37 days respectively (P<0.05). The delayed union rate in 6 months was 4.3% in experimental group but 10.9% in control group(P<0.05). The nonunion rate in 12 months was 6.5% in experimental group but 19.6% in control group(P<0.05). In 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively, VAS score and Lane-Sandhu score in experimental group had more significantly difference than them in control group. CONCLUSIONS: RSSS can intermittently provide dynamic mechanical load and stimulate callus formation, promote lower tibial bone union, reduce bone delayed union or nonunion rate. It is an adjuvant therapy for promoting bone union after lower @entity174 .

title: XXXX system of stress stimulation can promote bone union after lower @entity174 : a clinical research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'tibial bone fracture']

answer: @entity541 :: (4043,Gene) :: ['Rap']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity5312 ( @entity5312 ) gene was recently identified to be mutated in @entity74 including @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). To date, there is increasing evidence for a functional role of @entity5312 mutations ( @entity5312 ( @entity2189 )) in @entity3052 . Thus, we explored the frequency, gene-expression pattern, and clinical impact of @entity5312 ( @entity2189 ) in a large cohort of @entity1 with @entity3052 in the context of other @entity3052 -associated aberrations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Samples from 783 younger adult @entity1 with @entity3052 were analyzed for the presence of @entity5312 ( @entity2189 ) (coding exons 3 to 11), and results were correlated with data from molecular genetic analyses, gene-expression profiling, and clinical outcome. RESULTS: In total, 66 @entity5312 ( @entity2189 ) were found in 60 @entity1 (60 of 783 @entity1 ; 7.6%), including missense (n = 37), frameshift (n = 16), and nonsense (n = 13) mutations, which, with one exception, were all heterozygous. @entity5312 ( @entity2189 ) were not correlated with distinct clinical features or genetic alterations, except for @entity9275 dehydrogenase mutations ( @entity2189 ) that were almost mutually exclusive with @entity5312 ( @entity2189 ) (P < .001). @entity5312 ( @entity2189 ) were characterized by only a weak gene-expression pattern, which, nevertheless, reflected @entity5312 ( @entity2189 )-associated biology. @entity5312 ( @entity2189 ) did not impact the response to induction therapy and clinical outcome; the combination of @entity1 who exhibited @entity5312 ( @entity2189 ) and/or @entity818 ( @entity2189 ) revealed shorter overall survival (P = .03), although this association was not independent from known risk factors. CONCLUSION: @entity5312 ( @entity2189 ) were identified in 7.6% of younger adult @entity1 with @entity3052 and did not impact the response to therapy and survival. Mutations were mutually exclusive with @entity818 ( @entity2189 ), which supported recent data on a common mechanism of action that might obscure the impact of @entity5312 ( @entity2189 ) if compared against all other @entity1 with @entity3052 .

title: @entity5312 mutations in @entity3052 ( XXXX ): results from a comprehensive genetic and clinical analysis of the @entity3052 study group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5312 :: ('54790', 'Gene') :: ['tet oncogene family member 2', 'TET2']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid disorders']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: Initial results ( @entity5 Res., 48: 1708-1711, 1988) suggest that ovariectomy alters the proliferation of @entity320 in Sinclair @entity1707 . In order to provide a phenotypic basis for this effect, histopathological staging of 375 exophytic melanomas from 236 intact male and female Sinclair @entity1707 was compared with 114 lesions from 51 gonadectomized (6 weeks of age) and 90 lesions from castrated @entity1707 receiving s.c. silastic implants of @entity53 during the first year of life. A rapid progression from actively proliferating @entity5 cells (Stages I-III) to regressive lesions (Stages IV-V) was virtually complete by 16 weeks of age in intact @entity1707 of both sexes. Bilateral ovariectomy reduced (P less than 0.02) @entity5 volume over time compared with intact animals. Replacement of @entity53 in gilts increased @entity5 volume to that in intact animals. In contrast, neither bilateral orchidectomy nor @entity53 replacement altered @entity5 volume in boars. Ovariectomy significantly reduced the @entity5 macrophage, keratinocyte, and fibroblast invasion that normally replaces @entity5 cells and expands @entity5 volume (Stages IV and V) with increasing age. Chronic exposure to @entity53 reversed this process. Orchidectomy and @entity53 replacement did not significantly affect histopathological stage in boars with increasing age. A significant number (20 of 41; 49%) of @entity5 (greater than 75% @entity5 cells) in @entity1707 of both sexes contained low but reproducibly measurable amounts of receptor for @entity172 determined radiometrically and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results suggest that reproductive @entity230 influence the natural history of these heritable lesions, and that the effect may be via alteration of host immune status.

title: Estrogens influence the natural history of Sinclair XXXX cutaneous @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage III lesions', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['congenital exophytic melanoma']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: Using a sensitive two-site immunoradiometric assay which detects intact parathormone (iPTH), we studied the decrease in peripheric and jugular plasmatic iPTH during surgical removal of abnormal parathyroid (s). In the next future, results of intact parathormone (iPTH) assay will be given in 45 minutes. In a prospective study of 33 @entity1 operated on for @entity2742 or for cold thyroid nodule, the serum levels of intact @entity461 was measured intraoperatively in peripheric and in jugular blood. The preoperative mean serum iPTH concentration was 119.23 +/- 172.48 pg/ml and fell to 34.5 +/- 32.21 pg/ml after surgery in 14 cases of @entity459 (p < 0.001). Thirteen out of 14 patients had serum iPTH values less than 65 pg/ml within 15 minutes after parathyroidectomy. The preoperative mean serum iPTH concentration in the 5 secondary @entity2742 was 781.2 +/- 403.19 pg/ml. This value fell to 124 +/- 66.91 pg/ml after parathyroidectomy (p < 0.04). No significant decrease was observed in the mean serum concentration of the 14 @entity1 operated on for cold thyroid nodule. @entity1 suffering from single @entity3243 presented a significant gradient in jugular plasmatic @entity461 concentration between the @entity652 side and the contralateral one. This gradient decreased during effective parathyroid adenomectomy (309.7 +/- 313.3 pg/ml to 3.7 +/- 35.1 pg/ml). Intraoperative serum iPTH concentration will provide a valuable tool to appreciate the effectiveness of surgical removal of parathyroid glands and to detect the location of @entity3243 when the surgical research is negative.

title: [Contribution of intra-operative measurement of intact parathormone in surgery for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of arthroscopic debridement and visco supplement for the treatment of @entity179 of ankle. METHODS: From October 2008 to May 2012, 30 @entity1 with @entity179 of ankle were treated with arthroscopy after ineffective treatment with conservative methods. Two @entity1 lost follow-up. Among the @entity1 , 19 @entity1 were male and 9 @entity1 were female, ranging in age from 28 to 56 years old, with a mean of (40.0+ 5.9)years old. @entity1 who had inflammatory or postinfectious @entity625 , @entity309 , @entity210 , @entity378 were excluded. Other exclusion criteria included previous arthroscopic treatment for ankle @entity6287 , intraarticular corticosteroid injection within the previous 6 months, a major @entity51 , serious medical illness and pregnancy. Articular cartilage iijuries were classified according to Outerbridge by the same doctor. Follow procedures were involved in the surgery: synovectomy,debridement or excision of fragments of articular cartilage or @entity5040 that prevented full extension. @entity154 was not performed. @entity4391 was used to evaluate therapeutic effects. RESULTS: According to @entity4391 , 10 @entity1 got an excellent results, 14 good, 3 poor and 1 bad. The mean VAS score of @entity158 decreased from preoperative 7.5+/-1.3 to postoperative 2.4+/-2.3. The score of dorsiflexion range (ROM-D) had no obvious change after operation [preoperative(27.0+/-7.3)degree and postoperative(29.0+/-5.6)degree]. The mean Tegner score increased from preoperative 2.7+/-1.3 to postoperative 5.6+/-2.2. CONCLUSION: Synovectomy, debridement or excision of @entity5040 under arthroscopy, as well as scheduled intraarticular @entity4023 injection should be recommened to treat @entity3681 .

title: [Analysis on arthroscopic debridement and visco supplement for the treatment of XXXX of ankle].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Microfracture of chondral defects']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4391 :: ('MESH:D003112', 'Disease') :: ['Ogilvie-Harris criteria']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle degenerative osteoarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity6287 :: ('MESH:C537144', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['chondral flaps and osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative osteoarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative osteoarthropathy']


abstract: The capability of @entity9386 to induce a postantibiotic effect (PAE) on a Group A Streptococcus beta-haemolyticus clinical isolate and on @entity794 ATCC 29213 has been studied. @entity2929 was chosen as a reference molecule. The exposure time to antibiotics was 90 min. The removal technique of the antibiotic agents consisted of a 1:200 dilution in cultural broth. @entity9386 displayed a PAE of 2 h 30 min in relation to the @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) of Streptococcus and a PAE of 2 h 30 min in relation to the @entity6251 of @entity794 . The PAE value lasting longer than the others was of 5 h 40 min towards Streptococcus and of 4 h 18 min towards @entity794 at a concentration eightfold the @entity6251 . @entity2929 showed a PAE of 1 h 36 min in relation to the @entity6251 of Streptococcus and a PAE of 1 h 30 min in relation to the @entity6251 of @entity794 . The PAE value lasting longer than the others was of 3 h 15 min against Streptococcus and of 2 h 30 min against @entity794 at a concentration eightfold the @entity6251 . In some cases a PAE was observed in relation to subinhibitory concentrations (1/2 @entity6251 ). @entity9386 therefore proved to possess a more evident capability to induce a PAE against the clinical isolate of Group A Streptococcus beta-haemolyticus and on @entity794 ATCC 29213 than did @entity2929 .

title: In-vitro postantibiotic effects of XXXX and @entity2929 on gram-positive cocci.

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimum inhibitory concentration']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity9386 :: ('MESH:D015644', 'Chemical') :: ['miocamycin', 'Miocamycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus']

answer: @entity9386 :: (MESH:D015644,Chemical) :: ['miocamycin']


abstract: This study examined the pharmacokinetics of @entity3446 in pediatric allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients in the presence and absence of concomitant @entity2380 . Forty pediatric BMT recipients received a daily oral dose of @entity3446 and a continuous i.v. infusion of @entity1140 for @entity2132 prophylaxis. @entity2380 was administered i.v. to 19 @entity1 and orally to 6 @entity1 . Full pharmacokinetic profiles of @entity3446 within a single dosing interval were collected. Whole-blood @entity3446 concentrations were measured by HPLC/mass spectrometry. Noncompartmental analysis was performed using WinNonlin. Nonlinear mixed-effects pharmacokinetic models were developed using NONMEM following standard procedures. The mean    SD @entity3446 trough level before the dose (C0) was 8.0    4.6 ng/mL (range, 1.8-21.6 ng/mL). The peak concentration was 19.9    11.8 ng/mL (range, 3.9-46.1 ng/mL), and the trough level 24 hours later (C24) was 9.1    5.3 ng/mL (range, 1.0-19.1 ng/mL). The terminal disposition half-life (T1/2) was 24.5    11.2 hours (range, 5.8-53.2 hours), and the area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC0-24) was 401.1    316.3 ng  h/mL (range, 20.7-1332.3 ng  h/mL). In @entity1 at steady state, C0  and C24 were closely correlated (R(2)  = 0.77) with a slope of 0.99, indicating the achievement of steady state. C24 was 1.7-fold greater (P  = .036) and AUC0-24 was 2-fold greater (P  = .012) in Caucasian @entity1 (n  = 22) compared with Hispanic @entity1 (n  = 9). The average apparent oral clearance was 3-fold greater (P  = .001) and the apparent oral volume of distribution was 2-fold greater (P  = .018) in @entity1 age  <=12 years compared with those age >12 years. C24 was significantly lower in @entity1 (n  = 10) who developed grade III-IV aGVHD (n  = 10) than in those with grade 0-II aGVHD (n  = 22) (6.1    2.9 ng/mL versus 9.4    5.5 ng/mL; P  = .044). Dose-normalized @entity3446 trough concentrations were significantly higher in @entity1 receiving concomitant @entity2380 therapy compared with those not receiving @entity2380 (C0: 3.9    2.5 versus 2.4    1.5 ng/mL/mg, P  = .030; C24: 4.8    3.3 versus 2.5    1.7 ng/mL/mg, P  = .018). This pharmacokinetic study of @entity3446 in pediatric @entity1 documents a large interindividual variability in the exposure of @entity3446 . Steady-state trough blood concentrations were correlated with drug exposure. Trough concentrations were higher with a concomitant use of @entity2380 and were higher in Caucasian @entity1 than in Hispanic @entity1 . Oral clearance was greater in @entity1 age  <=12 years than in older @entity1 and adolescents. With therapeutic drug monitoring, the majority (79%) of @entity3446 trough levels could be maintained within the target range (3-12 ng/mL). This study provides a rationale and support for dose adjustments of @entity3446 based on steady-state blood concentrations aimed at achieving a target concentration to minimize @entity137 and maximize therapeutic benefits in pediatric BMT recipients.

title: XXXX pharmacokinetics in early postmyeloablative pediatric blood and marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only few studies had investigated the histopathological presentations of @entity137 with @entity1712 with systemic symptoms (DRESS). The results of these studies were diverse and not conclusive. A characteristic histopathological feature is still lacking. OBJECTIVE: We tempted to identify characteristic histopathological features in DRESS and to correlate them with clinical presentations. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from @entity1 treated from 1998 through 2015. Available skin specimens from probable or definite cases according to the RegiSCAR criteria were analysed for histopathological patterns, which were then compared with the @entity1 ' clinical presentations. Chi-squared test was used for comparisons, while Bonferroni correction was applied if multiple comparison tests were encountered. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 with an average age of 52 years were identified, including 22 definite cases. The single most common histopathological pattern was interface @entity1909 (75%). The co-existence of two or more patterns in a skin specimen was common (62.5%). In such cases, the co-existence of three patterns (the eczematous pattern, the interface @entity1909 pattern and the vascular damage pattern) was most frequently encountered. It exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of being definite cases (P = 0.004) and was significantly associated with high grades of @entity854 (P < 0.001). It showed a trend towards having higher grades of @entity854 in @entity1 with co-existence of three patterns (P = 0.04). In addition, @entity1 with the co-existence of three patterns tended to have a higher rate of reactivation of @entity780 than those with other patterns but not statistically significant (P = 0.052). CONCLUSION: The co-existence of three histopathological patterns in a skin specimen is characteristic in DRESS and shows a significant association with clinical severity.

title: Co-existence of histopathological features is characteristic in @entity137 with XXXX and systemic symptoms and correlates with high grades of @entity854 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['haematological abnormalities', 'cutaneous abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity780 :: ('10368', 'Species') :: ['human herpesvirus-6']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis could be a major step forward in the treatment of acute @entity64 . Early treatment is essential to maximize therapeutic benefit. Imaging by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging is mandatory to exclude @entity548 before initiation of therapy. Thrombelastography ( @entity17792 ), a test of global haemostasis, produces a characteristic tracing over 15-30 min. The potential of @entity17792 to differentiate @entity1 with ischaemic from @entity548 was investigated. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity64 were studied. @entity2002 levels and lipid profiles were measured, and CT of the brain, coagulation screens and @entity17792 were performed. The CT scans were interpreted by a single radiologist. @entity17792 data were classified as normal (index less than 2), hypercoagulable (index 2-3) or profoundly hypercoagulable (index greater than 3). RESULTS: There was no correlation between any of the parameters studied other than @entity17792 with CT findings. Both @entity1 with a @entity548 showed normal findings on @entity17792 . Eleven of the 12 @entity1 with @entity64 were hypercoagulable or profoundly hypercoagulable. CONCLUSION: @entity17792 is capable of differentiating @entity548 from @entity64 . It has the potential to target thrombolytic therapy for those @entity1 most likely to benefit.

title: Vascular surgical society of great britain and ireland: thrombelastography can differentiate ischaemic from XXXX

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke', 'haemorrhagic']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intrabdominal @entity5850 is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. This @entity281 has a propensity to mimic many other diseases and may present with a wide variety of symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristic clinical features with review of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 22 @entity1 with intrabdominal @entity5850 between January 2000 and January 2006. RESULTS: There were two @entity1 and 20 @entity1 with a mean age of 42.8 years (range, 24-69). Twelve @entity1 presented with masses or @entity490 , whereas 3 @entity1 presented with @entity697 . The rate of performing an emergency surgery was 50% due to symptoms of @entity298 . The mean size of @entity5 was 5.5 cm (range, 2.5-11.0). Sixty percent (n = 12) of female @entity1 had intrauterine device (IUD). The average time to definite diagnosis was 10.6 days. CONCLUSION: @entity1661 must first be suspected in any @entity1 with a history of current or recent IUD use who presents @entity490 . If recognized preoperatively, a limited surgical procedure, may spare the @entity1 from an extensive operation.

title: Clinical features of abdominopelvic XXXX : report of twenty cases and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['Intrabdominal abdominal actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity5850 :: (MESH:D000196,Disease) :: ['actinomycosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The effect of a @entity1 's age on the social valuation of health services remains controversial, with empirical results varying in magnitude and implying a different age-value profile. This article employs a new methodology to re-examine these questions. Data were obtained from 2 independent Web-based surveys that administered the Relative @entity6100 to Pay instrument. In the first survey, the age of the @entity1 receiving a life-saving service was varied. @entity1 were left with either poor mental or physical health. In the second survey, @entity1 age was varied for a service that fully cured the @entity1 's poor mental or physical health. In total, therefore, 4 sets of age weights were obtained: weights for life-extending services with poor physical or mental health outcomes and weights for quality-of-life improvement for @entity1 in poor mental or physical health. Results were consistent. Increasing age was associated in each case with a monotonic decrease in the social valuation of the services. The decrease in value was quantitatively small until age 60 years. By age 80 years, the social value of services had declined by about 50%. The decline commenced at an earlier age in the context of physical health, although the magnitude of the decrement by age 80 years was unrelated to the type of service. With 1 exception, there was little difference in the valuation of services by the age of the survey respondent. Respondents aged >60 years placed a lower, not higher, value on quality-of-life improvement for elderly individuals than other respondents. There was no difference in the valuation of life-extending services.

title: Age Weights for Health Services Derived from the Relative XXXX to Pay Instrument.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['Social Willingness']

answer: @entity6100 :: (OMIM:300082,Disease) :: ['Social Willingness']


abstract: Diagnosing past hypomania is a difficult task. Current structured interviews (e.g. CIDI, @entity915 ) limit the ability to probe for hypomania. A modified @entity915 Module was published by us (Benazzi and Akiskal, J Affect Disord 2003; Akiskal and Benazzi, J Clin Psychiatry 2005) in order to overcome the limitations of structured interviewing. Our papers outlined the framework of the modified @entity915 . In response to requests from many readers of this journal and other clinicians and investigators, we are hereby providing a more explicit step-by-step phenomenologic probing interview. DSM-IV criteria have to be met, but the probing for hypomania is very different from that of the @entity915 . All past hypomanic symptoms are assessed. No negative meaning is given to symptoms, as hypomania often improves functioning and it is seen by @entity1 as a state of well being. The first step is probing for overactivity (increase in goal-directed activity), because observable behaviors are easier to remember by @entity1 and key informants. There is no gold-standard for overactivity: each @entity1 becomes his/her own standard to 'measure' a clear-cut departure form the usual behavior. Questions, correspondingly, can change from @entity1 to @entity1 . The emotions associated with behavioral change are easier to be remembered than asking them first, as in the structured interviews. Structured interviews have mood change (elation, @entity146 ) as stem question (corresponding to the criterion A of DSM-IV, which postulates that it must always be present). However, apart from a likely recall bias of past emotions, the description of mood change appears more or less negative in structured interviews (to increase specificity but by much reducing sensitivity, i.e. the false-negatives). Presenting mood change as simply having been more elated/irritable than usual can easily be interpreted as normal mood fluctuations, while presenting mood change as much more than usual could be understood as a severe @entity146 . Both ways are likely to lead to a negative response, moving the interviewers to @entity74 (the skip-out instruction). Our modified @entity915 is a fully semi-structured interview: many questions are asked about each symptom to make the question understandable according to each @entity1 , and, very importantly, examples of the 'events' are systematically asked to check understanding and clinical relevance. Our interview follows DSM-IV criteria (apart from the minimum duration, 2 days versus DSM-IV 4 days), i.e. mood change must always been present, but our probing detects more hypomanic episodes than the @entity915 .

title: The modified @entity915 Module ( XXXX -Hba): a detailed systematic phenomenologic probing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity915 :: ('MESH:D053632', 'Disease') :: ['SCID Hypomania', 'SCID']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability', 'mental disorder']

answer: @entity915 :: (MESH:D053632,Disease) :: ['SCID']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate gene expression by degrading or inhibiting translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Here, we demonstrated that @entity1573 @entity33621 ) is a key posttranscriptional regulator of photoreceptor L-type voltage-gated @entity460 channel alpha1C subunit (L-VGCCalpha1C) expression, and its own expression has a diurnal rhythm, thereby explaining the rhythmic nature of L-VGCCalpha1Cs. @entity10204 in retinal photoreceptors provide a mechanism that allows photoreceptors to anticipate daily illumination changes. In photoreceptors, L-VGCC activities are under circadian control, which are higher at night and lower during the day. Interestingly, the mRNA level of VGCCalpha1D oscillates, but those for VGCCalpha1C do not. However, the protein expression of both VGCCalpha1C and alpha1D are higher at night in cone photoreceptors. The underlying mechanism regulating L-VGCCalpha1C protein expression was not clear until now. In vitro targeting reporter assays verified that @entity33621 specifically targeted the L-VGCCalpha1C 3'-untranslated region, and @entity33621 expression in the retina peaked during the day. After transfection with @entity33621 , L-VGCCalpha1C protein expression and L-VGCC current density decreased. Therefore, the rhythmic expression of @entity33621 regulated the protein expression of the L-VGCCalpha1C subunit. Additionally, both @entity33622 ( @entity33622 ) and CREB ( @entity268 -response element-binding protein-1) activated @entity33621 expression in vitro. This result implies that @entity33621 might be a downstream target of circadian oscillators. Our work has uncovered new functional roles for miRNAs in the regulation of circadian rhythms in cone photoreceptors. Circadian regulated miRNAs could serve as the link between the core oscillator and output signaling that further govern biological functions.

title: Rhythmic expression of microRNA-26a regulates the L-type voltage-gated @entity460 channel alpha1C subunit in XXXX cone photoreceptors.

entities_list: @entity33622 :: ('373991(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['CLOCK', 'circadian locomoter output cycles kaput']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['Circadian oscillators']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of breast screening in @entity0 mortality declines is debated. Screening impacts @entity5 mortality through decreasing the number of advanced @entity5 with poor diagnosis, while @entity5 treatment works through decreasing the case-fatality rate. Hence, reductions in @entity5 @entity204 rates thanks to screening should directly reflect reductions in advanced @entity5 rates. We verified whether in breast screening trials, the observed reductions in the risk of @entity0 could be predicted from reductions of @entity0 rates. @entity1 AND METHODS: The Greater New York Health Insurance Plan trial (HIP) is the only breast screening trial that reported stage-specific @entity5 for the screening and for the control group separately. The Swedish Two-County trial (TCT)) reported size-specific fatalities for @entity5 @entity1 in both screening and control groups. We computed predicted numbers of @entity0 , from which we calculated predicted relative risks (RR) and (95% confidence intervals). The Age trial in England performed its own calculations of predicted relative risk. RESULTS: The observed and predicted RR of @entity0 were 0.72 (0.56-0.94) and 0.98 (0.77-1.24) in the HIP trial, and 0.79 (0.78-1.01) and 0.90 (0.80-1.01) in the Age trial. In the TCT, the observed RR was 0.73 (0.62-0.87), while the predicted RR was 0.89 (0.75-1.05) if overdiagnosis was assumed to be negligible and 0.83 (0.70-0.97) if extra @entity5 were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: In breast screening trials, factors other than screening have contributed to reductions in the risk of @entity0 most probably by reducing the fatality of advanced @entity5 in screening groups. These factors were the better management of @entity0 @entity1 and the underreporting of @entity0 as the underlying cause of @entity204 . Breast screening trials should publish stage-specific fatalities observed in each group.

title: Observed and Predicted Risk of @entity0 in Randomized Trials on XXXX Screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer fatality', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer deaths', 'breast cancer death', 'advanced breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Traumatic small bowel strictures secondary to blunt @entity1661 are extremely rare, with few cases reported. Delayed @entity4628 as a result of a traumatic @entity850 remains, to the best of our knowledge, unreported. We herein report a case of a 28-year-old @entity1230 @entity1 admitted following a high speed road traffic accident who developed @entity490 , distension and @entity391 . Despite serial computerized tomography (CT) scanning, the diagnosis remained unclear until eight weeks into his admission by which time he had developed @entity221 . A fourth CT scan at this time revealed a collection in the right iliac fossa suggestive of possible @entity698 . Subsequent laparotomy, however, revealed an @entity850 with upstream small bowel dilatation and perforation into a chronic @entity733 . The appendix was normal. The @entity1 underwent resection of the strictured segment and end ileostomy. Our case highlights the potential pitfalls in managing @entity1230 @entity1 who develop abdominal symptoms and in particular, traumatic small bowel strictures. We would like to highlight the limitations of CT in making this diagnosis and the importance of having a high index of clinical suspicion, particularly in the presence of distracting injuries.

title: Delayed @entity4628 secondary to traumatic stricture presenting as XXXX of unknown origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal perforation']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess cavity']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ileal stricture']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['pyrexia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of single and repeated courses of rituximab in @entity1 with refractory @entity1252 . METHODS: LESIMAB is a multicenter, retrospective, longitudinal study of @entity1252 @entity1 who have not responded to standard therapy and have been treated with rituximab. Response rates at six months and at follow-up were defined as efficacy outcomes. Complete response was defined as a SELENA-SLEDAI score    <=   two and a SELENA-SLEDAI Flare Index of zero. Partial response was defined as a reduction in the SELENA-SLEDAI score of >= four points with no new or worsening of symptoms. Adverse events were collected. RESULTS: Seventy-three (62.9%) of 116 @entity1 achieved a response at six months (complete in 22 and partial in 51). Ninety-seven (77.6%) of 128 @entity1 achieved a response after a mean follow-up of 20.0        15.2 months (complete in 50 and partial in 47). High baseline SLEDAI score, previous treatment with >= 100   mg/day @entity229 , and no history of severe @entity1503 flare were associated with response after the first treatment course. The median time to response was 6.5 months (95% CI, 5.0-8.0). Thirty-seven @entity1 (38.1%) relapsed after the first infusion. The flare was severe in seven cases and mild to moderate in 29 cases. Serious @entity281 rate was 12.6/100 @entity1 -years. A schedule of four weekly doses was associated with more serious infections. Six @entity1 died: two of @entity281 and four of @entity12319 . CONCLUSION: Rituximab can be an effective treatment option for @entity1 who have refractory @entity1252 with severe or life-threatening disease with an acceptable tolerance profile.

title: Multicenter longitudinal study of B-lymphocyte depletion in refractory XXXX : the LESIMAB study.

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['lupus complications']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prostacyclin (PG) remains the gold standard therapy for severe @entity120 ( @entity120 ). Previously, we reported the successful transitioning of @entity120 subjects from intravenous prostacyclin to oral @entity12584 (Suleman et al. Chest 2004;126:808-15). We report here the 5-year follow-up data. METHODS: In the transition study, 11 @entity120 subjects were successfully transitioned to oral @entity12584 in 12 weeks. Two subjects who subsequently developed liver function test (LFT) abnormalities were taken off @entity12584 and switched to another endothelin receptor antagonist. Demographics, six-minute walk distance (6MWD), WHO functional class (FC), and survival data was collected. RESULTS: 10 Females and 1 male ranging in age from 35 to 79 were successfully transitioned. Mean duration of illness prior to transition was 50.55+/-26 months. Mean duration that these subjects remained on oral therapy was 34+/-24 months. Mean duration that @entity1 remained off PG was 28+/-21 months. In 7 of the 11 subjects (64%), PG was resumed due to clinical deterioration. One @entity1 remained on @entity12584 as monotherapy, five had phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitor added. 9 Of the 11 subjects were WHO FC II post-transition and 5 of the 7 subjects at follow-up were WHO FC II (82% vs 67%). Post-transition 6MWD was 386+/-85 in 10 subjects and at follow-up 6MWD was 396+/-99 in 9 subjects (p=0.81). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity1 frequently required prostanoid resumption after transition from intravenous prostanoid to oral therapy. However, in these carefully selected @entity1 , transition to oral therapy offered prolonged stable FC and 6MWD, cost savings and substantial quality of life benefits.

title: Outcome of @entity120 subjects transitioned from intravenous prostacyclin to oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

answer: @entity12584 :: (MESH:C086232,Chemical) :: ['bosentan']


abstract: @entity406 ( @entity5565 ) has been reported to impair mucociliary clearance. The present investigation using @entity95 and porcine tracheal explants in vitro examined (1) the impairment of ciliary activity, an essential component of mucociliary clearance; (2) the reversibility of ciliary dysfunction after @entity5565 exposure; and (3) the mechanism by which ciliary activity is reduced by @entity5565 . @entity5565 treatment of @entity95 tracheal rings significantly decreased zones of active ciliated epithelium in direct proportion to concentration and exposure duration. There was also a significant concentration-dependent reduction of ciliary beat frequency. Removal of @entity5565 permitted recovery of zones of ciliary activity to normal beat frequencies; greater inhibitory concentrations of @entity5565 required greater time for return of function. Treatment of porcine tracheae with increasing concentrations of @entity5565 for time periods inhibitory to @entity95 ciliary activity correspondingly reduced the yield of cilia extractable from treated epithelium. Furthermore, the specific activity of ATPase of extracted ciliary axonemes was diminished with increasing @entity5565 concentration, indicating loss of function. A recovery period following identical exposures of the porcine tracheae to the lower @entity5565 concentrations resulted in normal yields of functionally intact ciliary axonemes. Similarly, a recovery period after the highest @entity5565 concentration produced more functional axonemes than obtained from exposed tracheae without a recovery period, although less than normal yields. Therefore, ciliary dysfunction elicited by a defined range of @entity5565 concentrations is reversible. The yield and functional integrity of ciliary axonemes from epithelium exposed to @entity5565 with a recovery period are significantly greater than those without such a recovery period, suggesting an alteration and subsequent repair of epithelial surface components following @entity5565 exposure.

title: Inhibition and recovery of mammalian respiratory ciliary function after XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formaldehyde']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formaldehyde']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cases series and randomized studies support the use of isovolumic hemodilution at the acute phase of the central @entity2994 (CRVO). However, a recent meta-analysis showed the difficulty of interpreting the long-term effect of isovolumic hemodilution because of the late complications and the concomitant use of other treatments. We present here a pilot case-series study aiming to demonstrate the effect of isovolumic hemodilution at the acute phase of the disease, before any other treatment was applied. @entity1 AND METHOD: Twenty-two consecutive cases of CRVO were prospectively treated with isovolumic hemodilution within 15 days of disease onset (substitution of 10 ml/kg of blood by a macromolecular solution (Voluven), aiming at a hematocrit of 35%). The treatment was performed in ambulatory conditions after excluding common contraindications (cardiac, respiratory and @entity177 , @entity951 , history of @entity299 or @entity64 during the last 6 months). The @entity1 were followed prospectively with respect to visual acuity, @entity941 angiography and visual acuity at one week, one month, three months and twelve months. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved of at least one ETDRS line (5 letters) in 59% of the @entity1 one week after the treatment. Improvement in the haemodynamic was observed in all these cases on @entity941 angiography. The vision remained stable at 1 month and 3 months before any other treatment was applied. After the 3rd month, additional intravitreous injection of @entity2713 was applied in 32% of eyes for persistent macular @entity4 . At 12 months after hemodilution, visual acuity improved in 64% of cases and only 5% of the eyes converted into an ischemic CRVO. DISCUSSION: Isovolumic hemodilution at the acute phase of the CRVO is followed by an improvement in both vision and angiographic characteristics in more than 60% of our @entity1 and the conversion into an ischemic form was limited to 5% of eyes. Further randomized studies are needed to evaluate the specific effect of hemodilution in the long term.

title: [Isovolumic hemodilution in the management of the acute phase of central XXXX : a pilot study].

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of acupuncture on perimenopausal symptoms in @entity1 who underwent oophorectomy. METHODS: 67 @entity1 who had undergone oophorectomy were divided into an acupuncture group (n = 36) and a comparison group (n = 31) according to their wishes. The first group was treated by acupuncture and the latter group by Livial. Clinical symptoms were assessed by the modified Kupperman index. The levels of venous blood serum @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), @entity53 (E2) and the @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) of vaginal epithelial cells were assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant group differences for the @entity2175 of vaginal exfoliative cells nor for the levels of FSH, LH and E2 after treatment (p > 0.05), but Kupperman scoring and the levels of @entity4545 differed significantly between the acupuncture and the Livial group (p < 0.05). No side-effects were reported in either group. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture results in a significant improvement in perimenopausal symptoms in @entity1 who have had an oophorectomy. Acupuncture performs as well or better than Livial. Yet, this result may have been influenced by a potential bias and the small sample size.

title: Acupuncture for perimenopausal symptoms in XXXX who underwent oophorectomy a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['beta-EP', 'beta-endorphin']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'maturation index']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Post-traumatic @entity410 (PTS) are a significant complication from @entity131 ( @entity131 ). @entity859 , a major neuroprotective and neuroinhibitory molecule, is important in @entity302 models. Thus, we investigated the @entity859 A1 receptor (A1AR) gene and linked it with clinical data extracted for 206 subjects with severe @entity131 . Tagging SNPs @entity26513 , @entity26514 , @entity26515 , @entity26516 , and @entity26517 were genotyped, and variant and haplotype associations with PTS were explored. We investigated further genotype, grouped genotype, and allelic associations with PTS for @entity26513 and @entity26515 . Multivariate analysis of @entity26513 demonstrated an association between the AA genotype and increased early PTS incidence. In contrast, the GG genotype was associated with increased late and delayed-onset PTS rates. Multivariate analysis of @entity26515 revealed an association between the CT genotype and increased late PTS. Multiple risk genotype analysis showed subjects with both risk genotypes had a 46.7% chance of late PTS. To our knowledge, this is the first report implicating genetic variability in the A1AR with PTS, or any type of @entity302 . These results provide a rationale for further studies investigating how @entity859 neurotransmission impacts PTS, evaluating anticonvulsants in preventing and treating PTS, and developing and testing targeted adenosinergic therapies aimed at reducing PTS.

title: @entity859 A1 receptor gene variants associated with post-traumatic XXXX after severe @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder', 'experimental epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: 1. The reconstitution of @entity36313 biosynthesis by @entity2247 etioplast membranes is described. 2. The process is dependent on the additon of @entity1110 and @entity36314 and on illumination, which can be either continuous or intermittent. 3. The reconstituted process involves spectroscopically similar intermediates to the native reaction in whole leaves. 4. Steps in the process are an initial enzymic formation in the dark of a photoactive complex, P638/652 (probably a ternary @entity36314 - @entity1110 -enzyme complex), followed by a very rapid light-dependent @entity3884 transfer from the @entity1110 to the @entity36314 giving @entity36313 giving @entity36313 , finally releasing the enzyme for repeating the process. 5. A continuous assay for the system regenerating complex P638/652 was devised on the basis of monitoring @entity36313 formation. 6. The pH optimum of the reaction is at 6.9 and Km values for @entity36314 and @entity1110 are 0.46 and 35 micron respectively. 7. The reaction is associated specifically with the etioplast membrane fraction. 8. Activities of the system assayed in vitro are more than adequate to account for rates of chlorophyll formation in vivo.

title: Reconstitution of XXXX formation by isolated etioplast membranes.

entities_list: @entity36313 :: ('CHEBI:38206', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyllide']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity36314 :: ('MESH:D011521', 'Chemical') :: ['protochlorophyllide']

answer: @entity36313 :: (CHEBI:38206,Chemical) :: ['chlorophyllide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore the usefulness of whole-lesion histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from reduced field-of-view (r-FOV) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating malignant and benign thyroid nodules and stratifying @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) with aggressive histological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This Institutional Review Board-approved, retrospective study included 93 @entity1 with 101 pathologically proven thyroid nodules. All @entity1 underwent preoperative r-FOV DWI at 3T. The whole-lesion ADC assessments were performed for each @entity1 . Histogram-derived ADC parameters between different subgroups (pathologic type, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node @entity3 ) were compared. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine optimal histogram parameters in differentiating benign and malignant nodules and predicting @entity146 of @entity3557 . RESULTS: Mean ADC, median ADC, 5(th) percentile ADC, 25(th) percentile ADC, 75(th) percentile ADC, 95(th) percentile ADC (all P < 0.001), and kurtosis (P = 0.001) were significantly lower in malignant thyroid nodules, and mean ADC achieved the highest AUC (0.919) with a cutoff value of 1842.78 * 10(-6) mm(2) /s in differentiating malignant and benign nodules. Compared to the PTCs without extrathyroidal extension, PTCs with extrathyroidal extension showed significantly lower median ADC, 5(th) percentile ADC, and 25(th) percentile ADC. The 5(th) percentile ADC achieved the highest AUC (0.757) with cutoff value of 911.5 * 10(-6) mm(2) /s for differentiating between PTCs with and without extrathyroidal extension. CONCLUSION: Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis might help to differentiate malignant nodules from benign ones and show the PTCs with extrathyroidal extension. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1546-1555.

title: Differentiation between malignant and benign thyroid nodules and stratification of XXXX with aggressive histological features: Whole-lesion diffusion-weighted imaging histogram analysis.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']