abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against @entity627 (ACR/EULAR) criteria with the 1987 American @entity627 Association (ARA) criteria for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in an early @entity625 cohort. METHODS: The study included 79 @entity1 with early @entity625 (symptoms < 12 months) and a minimum of 1 year of followup between January 2004 and August 2010. Case notes were reviewed to determine which criteria were fulfilled at initial, 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year visits. Requirements for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy and presence of @entity2720 were compared at 2 years. RESULTS: At the initial visit, twice as many @entity1 fulfilled the 2010 criteria (67%) compared with the 1987 criteria (34%; p < 0.001). Forty-four percent of @entity1 who fulfilled only the 2010 criteria at the initial visit went on to fulfill both 1987 and 2010 criteria at 3 months (p < 0.001). Eight @entity1 did not meet the 1987 @entity309 criteria solely because of short symptom duration. All 17/79 @entity1 who developed @entity2720 went on to eventually fulfill both criteria. Of those @entity1 who fulfilled only the 2010 criteria at baseline, 25/27 (93%) ultimately received DMARD therapy compared with 24/26 (92%) of those fulfilling both 1987 and 2010 criteria. CONCLUSION: The 2010 ACR/EULAR @entity309 criteria allowed earlier @entity309 classification compared to the 1987 ARA criteria, although both criteria were equivalent in predicting @entity2720 and subsequent need for DMARD (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR 12608000292370).

title: Comparison of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against XXXX and the 1987 American @entity627 Association classification criteria for @entity309 in an early @entity625 cohort in New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint erosions']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['Rheumatism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity168 , a rare @entity2246 , was diagnosed in a healthy 12-year-old @entity1 through whole exome sequencing. The @entity1 had experienced mild delays of speech and motor development, as well as persistent @entity382 . Identification of the 8th individual with this disorder, prompted follow-up of the mother-son pair of @entity1 diagnosed over 15years ago. @entity382 was confirmed in the now 19-year-old son, but in the 46-year-old mother a clinically silent @entity96 was detected by ultrasound and MRI. The @entity5 was characterized as an @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) and DNA analysis of both @entity5 and normal liver tissue confirmed the original @entity21148 mutation. As the maternal grandmother in the latter family died at age 49years of a @entity96 , a retrospective study of the remaining pathology slides was conducted and confirmed it to have been an @entity1419 as well. The overall observation generated the hypothesis that @entity168 may predispose to development of this form of @entity96 . As proof of @entity168 in the grandmother could not be obtained, an alternate cause of @entity1419 cannot be ruled out. In a series of 102 @entity1 with @entity1419 , not a single instance was found with the allosteric site mutation in the @entity21148 gene. This confirms that @entity168 is rare even in a selected group of @entity1 , but does not invalidate the concern that @entity168 may be a risk factor for @entity1419 . SYNOPSIS: @entity168 is a rare @entity2246 characterized by excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of free @entity3167 with only minimal clinical morbidity in early childhood, but may be a risk factor for @entity1419 in adulthood.

title: New observation of @entity168 prompts detection of @entity96 in previously reported XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity168 :: ('MESH:D029461', 'Disease') :: ['Sialuria', 'sialuria']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['IHCC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatomegaly', 'hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn error of metabolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity483 is a common childhood disease associated with high IgE and @entity1712 . We characterized the clinical features associated with @entity14783 (defined as IgE > 2000 IU/L) in @entity484 . METHODS: Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS), family and personal history of @entity402 , skin prick test (SPT) for common food and aeroallergens, highest serum IgE ever and eosinophil counts were evaluated in 330 @entity1 @entity484 @entity1 . Childhood-NESS (NESS performed at <10 years of age) and adolescent-NESS (NESS performed at >10 years of age) were further analyzed. RESULTS: IgE correlated with NESS (spearman coefficient 0.35, p < 0.001) and eosinophil percentage (spearman coefficient 0.56, p = 0.001). Compared with IgE  <= 2000IU/L (n = 167), @entity1 with @entity14783 (n = 163) were associated with male gender (p = 0.002); paternal @entity402 (p = 0.026); personal history of @entity2490 (p = 0.016); @entity565 (p < 0.001); dietary avoidance (p < 0.001); use of wet wrap (p < 0.001); traditional Chinese medicine use (TCM, p < 0.001); immunomodulant use ( @entity500 or @entity205 , p < 0.001); skin prick sensitization by dust mites (p < 0.001), @entity468 (p = 0.012), @entity235 (p = 0.018), food (p = 0.002); @entity1712 (p < 0.001); more severe disease during childhood (p < 0.0001) and during adolescence (p < 0.0001), but not onset age of @entity484 or maternal @entity402 . Logistic regression showed that @entity14783 was associated with personal history of @entity565 (exp(B) = 5.12, p = 0.002) and @entity484 severity during childhood and adolescence (p < 0.001). For @entity1 <10 years of age, dust mite sensitization (p = 0.008) was associated with @entity14783 . For @entity1 >10years of age, @entity6766 was associated with @entity14783 (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Hyper-IgE is independently associated with @entity565 , more severe @entity402 and more severe @entity484 during childhood and adolescence. IgE > 2000 IU/L may be a tool to aid prognostication of this chronic relapsing @entity66 and its progression to @entity565 .

title: @entity14783 in Childhood Eczema and Risk of Asthma in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food allergen sensitization']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['atopic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influence of household pets in the development of childhood @entity565 or @entity402 has been controversial. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pet exposure in early life decreases the subsequent risk of frequent wheezing and/or @entity56 sensitization. METHODS: This was a prospective observational birth cohort study. The setting was a large health maintenance organization in Tucson, Ariz; the subjects were a population sample of 1246 newborns enrolled at birth and followed prospectively to age 13 years. The main outcome measures were as follows: time to first report of frequent wheezing (>3 episodes in the past year), skin prick test reactivity at 6 years and 11 years of age, and total serum IgE at 9 months, 6 years, and 11 years of age. RESULTS: @entity1 living in households with > or =1 indoor @entity235 at birth were less likely to develop frequent wheeze than those not having indoor @entity235 (P =.004). This inverse association was confined to @entity1 without parental @entity565 (hazard ratio = 0.47; P <.001 [Cox regression]) and was not evident for @entity1 with parental @entity565 (hazard ratio = 0.96; P =.87). Adjustment by potential confounders did not change the results. Indoor cat exposure was not significantly associated with the risk of frequent wheezing. Neither cat exposure in early life nor @entity235 exposure in early life was associated with skin prick test reactivity or total serum IgE at any age. CONCLUSION: @entity235 exposure in early life might prevent the development of @entity565 -like symptoms, at least in low-risk @entity1 with no family history of @entity565 . Nevertheless, early pet exposure does not seem to significantly influence the development of @entity56 sensitization.

title: XXXX exposure in infancy decreases the subsequent risk of frequent wheeze but not of @entity402 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dog']


abstract: The number of cases of @entity7135 reported to the @entity693 Reference Laboratory in Athens rose dramatically in 1996-1997. The aims were (1) to determine if the increase was due to introduction of new strains, (2) to assess the geographic and age distribution of the cases, (3) to compare antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the current isolates with strains from the early 1990s. In 1993-1994, 15/19 (74%) of the cases for which information on age was available were in @entity1 < or = 5 years; in 1995-1997, 80/179 (45%) of cases were in @entity1 < or = 5 years and 99 (55%) in the older age range (P < 0.02). From 593 cases in 1993 1997, 214 (36%) isolates were available for characterisation. Serogroup B was predominant in the early 1990s, but by 1997, serogroup C accounted for 46/72 (64%) of isolates and serogroup B for 25/72 (35%). Serogroup B was predominant in @entity1 < or = 5 years (44/78, 56%) but only 19/99 (18%) of older @entity1 and adults (P=0.0000005). @entity11682 resistance decreased from 10/22 (45%) in 1993-1994 to 27/192 (14%) in 1995-1997 (P<0.01). Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of 70 strains obtained during this period identified the epidemic ET-15 clone in 24 (34.3)%. The profiles of the Greek ET-15 isolates were identical to C:2a:P1.2(P1.5) strains responsible for the epidemic in the Czech Republic which began in 1993. This genotype was not found in Greek strains isolated prior to 1993. We conclude that the increase in @entity7135 is due to introduction of the epidemic serogroup C:2a:P1.2(P1.5) strain responsible for disease in the Czech Republic and Canada.

title: Recent emergence of serogroup C XXXX in Greece.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['meningococcal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retroperitoneal @entity82 or @entity3807 is an uncommon process characterized by fibrous tissue proliferation in the retroperitoneum, usually involving the aorta, inferior vena cava and iliac vessels. Obstructive @entity3041 is often observed due to ureteral entrapment. This report presents a case of the peripancreatic location of the disease. The role of CT and MRI in establishing diagnosis of @entity3807 in an atypical site is discussed. CASE REPORT: A 52-year-old @entity1 with @entity2621 was admitted to hospital because of @entity158 suggesting renal colic. The @entity1 was subjected to ultrasound, CT, and MRI which did not confirm urolithiasis but revealed @entity788 . Partial pancreatectomy, left-sided adrenalectomy and splenectomy were performed. Retroperitoneal @entity82 was diagnosed in the histopathological examination. A few weeks after surgery, a complication such as @entity788 developed. Repeat CT confirmed it and showed right @entity3041 secondary to ureteral involvement by a mass adjacent to the common iliac artery (defined as a typical manifestation of @entity3807 ). Nephrostomy and conservative treatment improved the clinical state of the @entity1 . No progression of the process was observed in the follow-up examinations. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3807 remains a diagnostic challenge. Imaging techniques CT and MRI are useful tools for evaluating the extent of @entity3807 . An unusual distribution of the process (e.g. peripancreatic location reported in this study) requires histopathological assessment to establish the final diagnosis.

title: Retroperitoneal XXXX with pancreatic involvement - radiological appearance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic infiltration', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis', 'Atypical retroperitoneal fibrosis', "Ormond's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Thirty-nine @entity1 with a non-seminomatous @entity5 underwent retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND) between 12/90 and 7/93. Twenty-four @entity1 with stage I disease were operated on with a modified nerve-sparing RPLND, while 7 @entity1 with stage IIA and 8 @entity1 with stage IIB had bilateral RPLND. Twelve of fifteen @entity1 with stage IIA and IIB had preservation of their sympathetic postsynaptic fibers. Intraoperative electric stimulation of the fibers resulted in ejaculation in 25/26 @entity1 . Semen analysis revealed 21 @entity1 with necrospermia and @entity1167 , while 3 had @entity47727 . Antegrade ejaculation was restored after 1.1 months following nerve-sparing RPLND and 7 months following radical RPLND. Ejaculation did not return in one @entity1 . No @entity1 showed relapse. Our results show that the sympathetic postsynaptic fibers can be preserved during RPLND. Nerve-sparing RPLND is superior to radical and modified RPLND with regard to preservation of ejaculation without compromising the radicalness of the @entity5 surgery.

title: [Nerve preserving retroperitoneal lymph node excision in non-seminomatous XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['maturation arrest']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate liposomal formulations encapsulating tea @entity23382 , which possess antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Liposomes were characterized for size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Both in vitro and in vivo skin permeation were examined using nude @entity19 skin as a model. The results suggested that the liposomal composition plays an important role in affecting the efficiency of transdermal @entity12919 delivery. Incorporation of anionic surfactants such as @entity6743 (DA) and @entity17521 (DP) in the liposomes in the presence of 15% @entity1068 increased the @entity12919 permeation by five to seven-fold as compared to the control. The flexibility of bilayers is suggested as an important factor governing the enhancing effect of liposomes. Intercellular spaces within the stratum corneum but not shunt routes are the major pathways for @entity12919 delivery from liposomes. @entity12919 and @entity12919 are isomers which showed similar encapsulation efficiencies and skin permeation in liposomes. @entity3089 showed the highest encapsulation rate and in vivo skin deposition level in liposomes among all @entity23382 tested. The stability and in vitro tranepidermal water loss test indicated the safety of the practical use of liposomes developed in this study.

title: Enhancement of the transdermal delivery of XXXX by liposomes incorporating anionic surfactants and @entity1068 .

entities_list: @entity17521 :: ('MESH:C002290', 'Chemical') :: ['dicetyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['catechins']

entities_list: @entity12919 :: ('MESH:D002392', 'Chemical') :: ['(+)-Catechin', 'catechin', '(-)-epicatechin', '(+)-catechin']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity23382 :: (CHEBI:23053,Chemical) :: ['catechins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With a substantial rise in the incidence of @entity1489 , skin surgery has become an increasingly large part of dermatology. Skin surgery is best performed by dermatologists. This demands effective training in dermatologic surgery, including flap surgery. OBJECTIVE: To find a modern alternative to traditional training on @entity1707 's feet skin in teaching flap surgery to residents in dermatology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A face with expression lines printed on a nonadhesive hydrocellular @entity2636 dressing (Allevyn, #66007638, 20 x 20 cm, Smith _ Nephew Medical Limited, Hull, England). @entity5 were marked in suitable locations, necessitating the use of transposition, advancement, and rotation flaps. Twenty-two residents were trained in flap construction, excision, and closure. RESULTS: Training on Allevyn was rated high by @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Allevyn has unlimited storing qualities and skinlike qualities when incised, extended, and sutured. Sutures stay tight without the help of an assistant. Training on Allevyn gives students a good understanding of the mechanics of skin flaps, including transposition, advancement, and rotational flaps. The Allevyn is kept by the student after the course and can be studied afterward. Skin surgery training on Allevyn is superior to traditional training in @entity1707 's feet skin.

title: Novel method for training skin flap surgery: XXXX foam dressing used as a skin equivalent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['polyurethane']


abstract: Liver transplantation is a treatment for @entity157 in @entity82 which is both recognized, because potentially radical, and controversial because associated with a high risk of recurrence. This study reports the results of a consecutive series of 125 @entity1 transplanted for @entity157 in @entity82 over an 11-year period. Liver transplantation was indicated because of the @entity5 in 92 cases (74%) and the @entity5 was an incidental finding in 13 cases (10%) or was discovered on histological examination of the hepatectomy specimen in 20 cases (16%). The operative mortality at two months was 4% with a 20% morbidity, due to vascular (6%) or biliary (14%) complications. @entity5 recurrence was observed in 26 @entity1 (21%) Recurrence was exceptional in the incidental or histological forms of @entity157 (5%) and more frequent when the @entity5 constituted the indication for transplantation (27%). The risk of recurrence and the survival were significantly influenced by the maximal @entity5 diameter (greater than 30 mm), the number of @entity5 nodules (greater than 3) and the presence of portal invasion. Inclusion of these factors in @entity1 selection during the second phase of the study allowed a reduction of the risk of recurrence from 33 to 11% and improvement of the 3-year post-transplantation survival from 53 to 76%. @entity5 less than or equal to 30 mm in diameter, with no more than 3 nodules, and without portal invasion are ideal indications for transplantation. @entity5 with more than 3 nodules and larger than 30 mm appear to constitute a contraindication to transplantation, unless @entity5 reduction can be achieved by chemoembolization. Intermediate forms of @entity157 between these two extreme forms are possible indications for transplantation, depending on the availability of liver transplants.

title: [Indications and results of liver transplantation in the treatment of XXXX in @entity82 ].

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'Tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Inconsistencies across studies on the association of environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) and pulmonary function may be clarified addressing potentially susceptible subgroups. We determined the association of ETS exposure at work with FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75% in life-time never smokers (N = 3534) of the SAPALDIA random population sample (age 18-60). We considered sex, bronchial reactivity, and @entity565 status as a priori indicators to identify susceptible riskgroups. The multivariate regression models adjusted for height, age, education, dust/aerosol exposure, region, and ETS at home. Overall, ETS was not significantly associated with FVC (0.7%; -0.4 to +1.8), FEV1 (-0.1%; 95% CI: -1.3 to +1.1) or FEF25-75% (-1.9%; -4.2 to +0.5). Effects were observed among @entity748 (n = 325), FEV1 (-4.8%; 0 to -9.2); FEF25-75% (-12.4%; -3.7 to -20.4); FVC: (-1.7%; +2.1 to -5.5), particularly in @entity748 @entity1 (n = 183): FVC -4.4% (-9.6 to +1.1); FEV1: -8.7% (-14.5 to -2.5); FEF25-75%: -20.8% (-32 to -7.6), where duration of ETS exposure at work was associated with lung function (FEV1 -6% per hour of ETS exposure at work (p = 0.01); FEF25-75%: -3.4%/h (p < 0.05). In non- @entity748 @entity1 (n = 1963) and in @entity1 no significant effect was observed. The size of the observed effect among susceptible subgroups has to be considered clinically relevant. However, due to inherent limitations of this cross-sectional analysis, selection or information biases may not be fully controlled. For example, @entity748 @entity1 reported higher ETS exposure at work than @entity748 @entity1 . Given the public health importance to identify susceptible subgroups, these results ought to be replicated.

title: Association of environmental XXXX smoke at work and forced expiratory lung function among never smoking @entity748 and non- @entity748 . The SAPALDIA-Team. Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis (CAVHD) was employed in five @entity1 who suffered from @entity810 ( @entity810 ) after open heart surgery during the period from July 1991 to February 1992. All @entity1 had a urine output of less than 400 mL/24h and clinical evidence of fluid overload. Most of the @entity1 needed respiratory support for @entity1576 and required vasopressor infusions. They could not tolerate conventional hemodialysis due to severe @entity1344 , and the concurrent thoracic surgery precluded the application of peritoneal dialysis. All @entity1 tolerated the CAVHD well, despite persistent @entity551 . The mean age of the five @entity1 was 53.6 +/- 15.3 years. The duration of CAVHD treatment ranged from 1.5 to 22 days. Whole blood clearances for @entity1133 , @entity1011 and @entity1391 were 13.27 +/- 1.86 mL/min, 13.05 +/- 3.12 mL/min, and 13.99 +/- 2.61 mL/min, respectively. According to the clinical condition, ultrafiltration averaged 100-200 mL/h; up to 1 L/h could be obtained without difficulty. In these situations, large concurrent amounts of vasopressors and nutritional fluids could be easily prescribed without fear of fluid overload. The introduction of CAVHD allowed a more stabilized environment for gradual recovery of the temporarily compromised ventricular function after open heart surgery. Later, the hemodynamic status was stabilized without or with only minimal infusions of vasopressors in all five @entity1 . Renal function recovered in four @entity1 and one was shifted to conventional hemodialysis. All five @entity1 survived under CAVHD treatment. There were no significant complications related to the application of CAVHD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX after open heart surgery: clinical experience with continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute renal failure']


abstract: This pilot study explored the effectiveness of workplace training programme that aimed to enhance the work-related behaviours in individuals with @entity2438 and @entity717 . Fourteen @entity1 with @entity2438 and mild to moderate @entity717 (mean age   =   24.6   years) were recruited. The workplace training programme included practices in work context and group educational sessions. A pre-test-post-test design was used with the Work Personality Profile, the Scale of Independent Behaviour Revised and the Observational Emotional Inventory Revised to evaluate the targeted behaviours. Improvement in social and communication skills specific to the workplace was achieved. For emotional control, @entity1 became less @entity911 and had a better self-concept. However, improvement in other general emotional behaviours, such as impulse control, was limited. The results indicated that a structured workplace training programme aimed at improving social, communication and emotional behaviours can be helpful for @entity1 with @entity2438 and @entity717 . Further study with a larger sample size and a control group is recommended. The development of specific programme to cater for the emotional control needs at workplace for @entity1 with @entity2438 is also suggested.

title: Effectiveness of a workplace training programme in improving social, communication and emotional skills for adults with @entity2438 and XXXX in Hong Kong--a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confused']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate whether and how the @entity4675 signalling pathways and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are engaged in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . @entity511 is the third most common primary @entity5 . Nevertheless, the molecular events underlying its pathogenesis remain elusive. @entity4675 / @entity3963 MAPKs and their downstream effectors, @entity1178 and @entity1639 ( @entity1178 ), are involved in chondroblastic differention/proliferation. These proteins interact with the @entity8087 transcription factor, which is also implicated in chondroblast biology. @entity7 , is up-regulated in @entity1 @entity511 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Normal cartilage and neoplastic cells from 45 @entity511 and 21 @entity83 were investigated immunohistochemically. We evaluated the cellular levels of @entity5183 , p- @entity5183 (phosphorylated/activated @entity5183 ), its main substrate, @entity1178 , pc-Jun (phosphorylated/activated @entity1178 ) and @entity1639 . Moreover, the levels of p- @entity3963 (phosphorylated/activated @entity3963 ), @entity8087 and @entity7 were assessed. Positive immunostaining for all proteins was observed in the majority of the examined @entity511 and in a small fraction of @entity83 . The expression levels of all proteins were positively and significantly correlated with each other. These levels were substantially augmented in high-grade compared with @entity258 and in low-grade @entity5 compared with @entity83 , implying a potential use as molecular markers for prediction of high-grade @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4675 signal transduction 'network' is associated with chondroblastic @entity5 development, either separately or through coordinated induction of @entity7 .

title: The MAPK- @entity1178 /- @entity8087 signalling axes are implicated in XXXX pathobiology either independently or via up-regulation of @entity7 .

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['Chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF', 'VEGF, a key angiogenic factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation and chondrosarcoma', 'neoplasms', 'skeletal malignancy', 'tumours', 'cartilaginous tumours']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['benign enchondromas', 'enchondromas']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade chondrosarcomas']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: The effects of stimulating the immune system with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or suppressing the immune system with @entity205 (CS) on reproductive functions in the female @entity35 were investigated. Animals were either treated acutely with LPS (2 mg kg-1) or @entity205 (20 mg kg-1) on dioestrus day 1 and 2 or treated chronically over a period of 6 days (on alternate days with LPS, daily with CS). Chronic LPS treatment induced a state of constant dioestrus and decreased circulating concentrations of @entity1420 and @entity53 . Chronic CS treatment induced some irregularity in the 4-day vaginal smear pattern in a minority of animals and, while it had no effect on circulating concentrations of @entity1420 , @entity53 concentrations were suppressed compared with those measured in pro-oestrous animals. LH responses to @entity1176 were reduced in both perifused pituitary fragments and cultured pituitary cells obtained from animals pretreated with either LPS or CS. In contrast, a low dose of LPS (20 micrograms kg-1) given over 6 days did not disrupt ovarian cycles and reduced, but did not abolish, the second phase primed LH response. Neither drug had a direct effect on the pituitary LH responses to @entity1176 , except that pituitary cells exposed to high doses of CS for periods greater than 48 h did show attenuated LH responses to @entity1176 . This finding was not paralleled with high doses of LPS. The differential count of ovarian follicles from histological studies showed that LPS treatment was associated with significantly fewer large preovulatory follicles, whereas animals treated with CS showed a similar distribution of follicular volumes compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of lipopolysaccharide and XXXX on the endocrine control of ovarian function.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore if there is any change of the level of plama @entity10132 and ADM in @entity11810 . METHODS: 75 female subjects @entity615 , aged from 34-70 years, were included in present study. The plasma level of @entity10132 and ADM was determined by radioimmunoassay. The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumber spine and hip of these @entity1 was also examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). According to the WHO @entity170 criteria, these @entity1 were divided into three groups: normal BMD (as control), @entity2331 and @entity170 . RESULTS: Plasma level of @entity10132 and @entity170 are 37 ng/L +/- 7 ng/L and 50 ng/L +/- 11 ng/L respectfully, while those of lumber @entity2331 are 38 ng/L +/- 7 ng/L and 49 ng/L +/- 11 ng/L, they are significantly higher than those of normal lumber bone mineral density, which are 29 ng/L +/- 6 ng/L and 38 ng/L +/- 8 ng/L(F = 5.60 or 9.60, P < 0.05 or 0.01). The plasma level of ADM of hip and ward's @entity170 (49 ng/L +/- 13 ng/L and 49 ng/L +/- 11 ng/L) is also higher than that of the control (F = 5.43 and 4.66, P < 0.05). Group of lumbar @entity2331 also has higher level of @entity10132 and ADM than the control. (37 ng/L +/- 7 ng/L) and 38 ng/L +/- 6 ng/L, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma level of @entity10132 and ADM is significantly increased in subjects with @entity170 . @entity10132 and ADM may play a role in the mechanism of etiology of @entity11810 .

title: [Study on the level of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin in subjects with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11810 :: ('MESH:C537700', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['ADM of lumbar osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['complaining of back pain']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity11810 :: (MESH:C537700,Disease) :: ['primary osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nowadays, @entity28 is considered a worldwide problem. Although genetics is one of the factors associated with @entity28 , its predisposing factors include nutritional and environmental factors. Several studies have addressed the relationship between nutritional factors and general and central adiposity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the consumption of dairy products and prevalence of @entity28 and @entity1144 in young female university students at the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 236 healthy female university students in the age range of 18 and 30 years who were selected randomly from among the students at the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A previously validated semiquantitative food questionnaire was used to assess their entire dietary component intake. Physical activity was evaluated by recording daily physical activities. FINDINGS: The prevalence of @entity28 , central adiposity, and excess weight was 1.7, 0.9, and 8.1%, respectively. The mean values of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were 21.54 kg/m(2) and 70.37 cm, respectively. Moreover, the mean value of dairy product consumption was 444.24 g/day. The results showed no significant relationship between dairy or @entity460 intake and weight and waist circumference as well as prevalence of @entity28 , central adiposity, and excess weight (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no significant relationship between the consumption of dairy products and @entity460 intake and excess weight, @entity28 , and central adiposity among female university students. However, this study is important in that the prevalence of @entity28 , central adiposity, and excess weight along with the mean values of BMI and waist circumference are reported.

title: Association between dairy and @entity460 intake and general and XXXX among female students.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['central obesity']


abstract: The aim of this study was to measure extracellular chemical changes in the cerebral cortex in response to compression contusion @entity130 in @entity35 . Energy-related metabolites (i.e., @entity880 , @entity2388 , @entity859 , @entity14572 , and @entity3625 ) and @entity1522 were harvested from the extracellular fluid (ECF) using microdialysis and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The measurements were performed in cortical tissue, where @entity528 occurs in this model. The severity of the @entity130 was varied by using different depths of impact: mild @entity130 , 1.5 mm; severe @entity130 , 2.5 mm. The @entity130 induced a dramatic increase in the ECF levels of energy-related metabolites that was conditioned by the severity of the insult. The ECF level of @entity2226 , @entity2227 , @entity492 , and @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) also rose markedly, while other @entity1522 did not change significantly. The results suggest that the @entity130 induced a transient, profound focal disturbance of energy metabolism in the cortical tissue, probably as a result of mechanically induced disruption of ion homeostasis and reduced blood flow in combination. The data support the potential role of @entity2227 and @entity492 as mediators of @entity131 . However, the concomitantly released @entity859 , @entity1246 , and @entity2226 may be protective and ameliorate excitotoxicity. In analogy with the reported cumulative damaging effects of repeated @entity63 insults, the observed ECF changes may help explain the vulnerability of traumatized brain tissue to secondary @entity63 .

title: Changes in cortical extracellular levels of energy-related metabolites and @entity1522 following concussive brain injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The incidence and early process of left ventricular (LV) dilation in 52 @entity1 with reperfused anterior wall @entity583 ( @entity583 ) were assessed. All @entity1 achieved coronary reflow within 24 hours of the onset and had a patent @entity1188 in the convalescent stage. Left ventriculography was performed at pre-reflow and 25 days (mean) later to determine LV end-diastolic volume (ml) with the area/length method. Short-axis echo images at the midpapillary muscle level were recorded at days 1, 7, 14, and 28 of the @entity583 . With use of the papillary muscles as the internal landmarkers, the LV wall was divided into the anterior and posterior segments, and length and thickness of each segment were determined. Among 52 @entity1 , 10 (19%) had a > or = 20% increase in end-diastolic volume in the convalescent stage. Echocardiographic studies demonstrated that there were no significant changes in lengths and thicknesses of the anterior and posterior segments during follow-up study relative to his or her baseline value in 42 @entity1 without @entity5988 . In the @entity1 with @entity5988 , however, the anterior segment exhibited a mean increase of 25% in its length with a mean decrease of 21% in its thickness at day 7 relative to their baseline values, but no progressive expansion was observed after day 7. A mean increase of 7% in the posterior segment length without reduction in its thickness first became evident at day 28.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incidence and time course of left ventricular dilation in the early convalescent stage of reperfused anterior wall XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilation']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Exposure of cultured @entity35 cortical astrocytes to increased concentrations of @entity3265 has been shown to induce morphological and biochemical changes similar to those found in hyperammonemic (e.g., hepatic) @entity75 in vivo. Alterations of electrophysiological properties are not well investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of @entity3265 on the astrocyte membrane potential by means of perforated patch recordings. Exposure to millimolar concentrations of @entity8777 induced a slow dose-dependent and reversible depolarization. At steady state, i.e., after several tens of minutes, the cells were significantly depolarized from a resting membrane potential of -96.2 +/- 0.6 mV (n = 83, S.E.M.) to -89.1 +/- 1.6 mV (n = 7, S.E.M.) at 5 mM @entity8777 , -66.3 +/- 3.6 mV (n = 9, S.E.M.) at 10 mM @entity8777 and -50.4 +/- 2.5 mV (n = 12, S.E.M.) at 20 mM @entity8777 , respectively. In order to examine the underlying depolarizing mechanisms we determined changes in the fractional ion conductances for @entity972 , @entity2865 and @entity1372 induced by 20 mM @entity8777 . No significant changes were found in the fractional @entity1372 or @entity2865 conductances, but the dominating fractional @entity972 conductance decreased slightly from a calculated 0.86 +/- 0.04 to 0.77 +/- 0.04 (n = 9, S.E.M.). Correspondingly, we found a significant fractional @entity3104 ion ( @entity17114 ) conductance of 0.23 +/- 0.02 (n = 10, S.E.M.) which was blocked by the @entity972 channel blocker barium and, hence, most likely mediated by @entity9666 -sensitive @entity972 channels. Our data suggest that the sustained depolarization induced by @entity8777 depended on changes in intracellular ion concentrations rather than changes in ion conductances. Driven by the high membrane potential @entity17114 + accumulated intracellularly via a barium-sensitive @entity972 conductance. The concomitant decrease in the intracellular @entity972 concentration was primarily responsible for the observed slow depolarization.

title: @entity3265 -induced depolarization of cultured XXXX cortical astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: To evaluate the results, prognostic factors and especially side-effects of the treatment for @entity978 ( @entity978 ) a retrospective study was conducted in the Haematology Departments and in the @entity5 Centres of Nancy and Strasbourg between 1976 and 1990; 55 @entity1 corresponding to the IA to IIB @entity978 stages were analysed. The median age was 45 years. In accordance with Ann Arbor classification, we observed 12 CS IA (21.3%), 2 CS IB (3.5%), 14 CS IIA (25.4%) and 27 CS IIB (49.7%). Twenty-five @entity1 (45.4%) underwent laparotomy with spleen involvement in 10 cases. Fifteen @entity1 (27.3%) had exclusive radiotherapy, 10 by inverted-Y field with or without @entity4558 field, 5 by limited field to inguinal and homolateral iliac nodes. Forty @entity1 had prior chemotherapy, 18 by MOPP protocol, 18 by hybrid MOPP/ABVD protocol and 4 by other schemes. The total dose delivered ranged from 26 to 45 Gy. With a median follow-up of 8 years, the overall and disease specific survival rates are respectively 61% and 83% at 10 years. Nine @entity1 relapsed (16.4%), 4 among the 15 (26.6%) treated by exclusive irradiation and 5 among the 40 (12.5%) treated by combined therapy. We observed 8.3%, 21.4% and 18.5% of relapses respectively among the clinical stages IA, IIA and IIB. Eleven @entity1 (20%) developed a second @entity5 . Twenty-six long-term complications were noted, nine of which concerned the digestive system. The only significant prognostic factor is age, with 10-year specific survival rates of 96% and 66% respectively for @entity1 younger and older than 50 years (p=0.0003). Our data confirm that the most appropriate treatment for stage IA is exclusive radiotherapy and combined therapy for all other cases. With the use of CT-scan and eventually lymphography, the laparotomy is reserved only for cases with an uncertain diagnosis. @entity286 use is also clearly a risk factor in our series for late @entity455 and second @entity5 .

title: Treatment of XXXX : long-term results and side effects.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['SHD', "subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma volume expansion is often performed during adrenergic therapy in the intensive care unit, but little is known about their combined effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The influence of three adrenergic drugs (50 microg/kg/min of @entity935 , 0.1 microg/kg/min of @entity3044 , or 3 microg/kg/min of @entity2647 ) on the relationship between plasma dilution (an index of volume expansion) and the central hemodynamic responses to volume loading with 24 ml/kg of 0.9% saline were evaluated in 6 adult @entity742 . Kinetic analysis was also applied to the data on plasma dilution and the urinary excretion measured during and after volume loading. RESULTS: The adrenergic agents markedly changed the baseline values for all hemodynamic parameters. The kinetic analysis showed that @entity2647 , which is an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist, promoted renal excretion of infused fluid at the expense of fluid distribution to the periphery (P < 0.05 versus controls). @entity3044 , which stimulates adrenergic beta-receptors, had the opposite effect. During volume expansion, cardiac atrial pressures increased by 25 to 90%, cardiac output by 13-80% and the arterial pressures by 2 to 22%. Plasma dilution during and after volume loading correlated, in a linear fashion, with these hemodynamic responses. The correlations were strong (r > 0.80) in the control and @entity2647 groups, but weaker in the @entity935 and @entity3044 groups. @entity935 was associated with the most variable hemodynamic responses overall. CONCLUSIONS: Adrenergic drugs altered the hemodynamics at baseline (direct effects), changed the distribution and elimination of infused 0.9% saline (indirect effects) and, finally, modified most hemodynamic responses to plasma dilution (interaction effects).

title: Adrenergic drugs alter both the fluid kinetics and the hemodynamic responses to volume expansion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: PURPOSE: The feasibility of reducing overall treatment time by 2 weeks in the curative radiotherapeutic management of @entity135 @entity1 is reported in a pilot trial of @entity11139 ( @entity11139 ). This regimen prescribes 76 Gy in 5 weeks to @entity135 @entity1 , and 65 Gy in 5 weeks to high-risk postoperative @entity1 . The linear quadratic model is used to compare predicted @entity5 cell kill with @entity11139 versus that expected with @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1991 and March 1992, 40 @entity135 @entity1 were treated with @entity11139 at the University of Wisconsin @entity5 Center. Case-matched controls treated with @entity7617 were identified from @entity1 treated at the same institution between 1980-1990, based on @entity5 site, stage, and extent of prior surgery. Individual @entity1 treatment data (total dose, fraction size, overall time) rather than idealized schedule data from each group were analyzed using the linear quadratic model. RESULTS: Seventy-nine case-matched controls were identified for comparison with @entity11139 @entity1 . The predicted increase in log cell kill for @entity11139 @entity1 over case-matched controls was 1.5 and 1.3 logs, respectively, in the definitive and postoperative settings. This difference in log cell kill projects an improvement in @entity5 control for @entity11139 @entity1 of between 10-25%. @entity11139 @entity1 experience very brisk acute mucosal reactions and moderately prolonged @entity33 , however, 91% have completed therapy without a treatment break. CONCLUSION: A 2-week reduction in overall treatment time for curative @entity135 @entity1 is feasible while maintaining doses > 70 Gy. Based on radiobiologic predictions, such treatment intensification may significantly improve rates of @entity5 control. However, intensified acute mucosal reactions accompany such accelerated therapy.

title: Dose intensification in curative XXXX radiotherapy--linear quadratic analysis and preliminary assessment of clinical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'definitive head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity11139 :: ('MESH:D015465', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperfractionated, Accelerated Radiotherapy with Dose Escalation', 'HARDE']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'conventional fractionation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'locoregional tumor', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6824 or @entity6825 stimulation of @entity6823 promotes macrophage differentiation, activation and osteoclastogenesis, and pharmacological inhibition of @entity6823 is beneficial in animal models of @entity625 . The objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of @entity6824 and @entity6825 signaling to @entity6823 in @entity309 . METHODS: @entity6824 and @entity6825 were detected by immunohistochemical and digital image analysis in synovial tissue from 15 biological-na  ve @entity309 ( @entity309 ) , 15 @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) and 7 @entity571 ( @entity571 ) @entity1 . Gene expression in @entity6824 - and @entity6825 -differentiated @entity1 macrophages was assessed by FACS analysis and quantitative PCR. @entity309 synovial explants were incubated with @entity6824 , @entity6825 , control antibody (Ab), or neutralizing/blocking Abs targeting @entity6824 , @entity6825 , or @entity6823 . The effect of a @entity6823 -blocking Ab was examined in @entity19 @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). RESULTS: @entity6824 (also known as @entity6824 ) and @entity6825 expression was similar in @entity309 and @entity5144 synovial tissue, but lower in controls (P   <   0.05). @entity6824 expression was observed in the synovial sublining, and @entity6825 in the sublining and the intimal lining layer. @entity6824 and @entity6825 differentially regulated the expression of 17 of 336 inflammation-associated genes in macrophages, including chemokines, extra-cellular matrix components, and matrix metalloproteinases. Exogenous @entity6824 or @entity6825 , or their independent neutralization, had no effect on @entity309 synovial explant @entity650 production. Anti- @entity6824 R Ab significantly reduced @entity650 and other inflammatory mediator production in @entity309 synovial explants, and paw swelling and joint destruction in @entity1753 . CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous inhibition of @entity6823 interactions with both @entity6824 and @entity6825 suppresses inflammatory activation of @entity309 synovial tissue and pathology in @entity1753 , suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for @entity309 .

title: @entity6823 blockade reduces inflammation in @entity1 and XXXX models of @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship between @entity1896 and @entity900 resistance of Tca8113/cis @entity50483 (CDDP) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: We applied the transfection method with plasmids pcDNA3.1-antisense- @entity1896 by Lipofectamine 2000. Tca8113/CDDP cells were used as control. @entity98 assay was used to identify the proliferation and sensibility of those cells to @entity900 . Subsequently, 18 @entity19 were subcutaneously injected by those cells and divided into 3 groups with 6 @entity19 in each group. Every @entity19 was treated by @entity900 with 5 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1) for 5 days. The sizes of @entity5 were measured every other day and were described with the growth curves. After 20 days, @entity5 were anatomized and weighed. The @entity5 inhibition ratios were calculated and the HE slides were observed to determine the cell sensibility to @entity900 . RESULTS: The transfected cells with pcDNA3.1-antisense- @entity1896 grew more slowly than other cells and showed higher sensibility to @entity900 in vitro. The @entity5 developed by cells with pcDNA3.1-antisense- @entity1896 were smaller than the The @entity5 inhibition ratio was 74% (P < 0.05). The @entity39 area was larger in the @entity5 developed by the transfected cells with pcDNA3.1-antisense- @entity1896 than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Antisense oligonucleotides of @entity1896 can improve the sensibility of Tca8113/CDDP cells to @entity900 and inhibit the growth of @entity5 .

title: [Inhibition effect on Tca8113/CDDP by antisense oligonucleotides of @entity1896 combined with cis XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity50483 :: ('CHEBI:51214', 'Chemical') :: ['diamminedichloroplatinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity50483 :: (CHEBI:51214,Chemical) :: ['diamminedichloroplatinum']


abstract: @entity102 leads to an impaired intestinal microcirculation, which might reflect altered microvascular control. We hypothesized that intestinal microvascular sensitivity to @entity1063 (NE) is decreased during chronic @entity295 . @entity102 was induced by a polymicrobial inoculation of implanted subcutaneous sponges in @entity35 . Septic @entity35 were studied either 24 or 72 h after a single inoculation (1-hit) of bacteria. Other @entity35 received a second inoculation (2-hit) of bacteria 48 h later and were studied at 24 h after the second inoculation. NE (0.01-1.0 microM) responses in the non-absorbing terminal ileal arterioles (inflow A1, proximal-p and distal-d premucosal A3) were measured by video microscopy. NE threshold sensitivity (pD(T20) = -log of 20% response dose) was analyzed. pD(T20) was significantly decreased in A1, pA3, and dA3 of 1-hit 24-h septic @entity35 (P < 0.05), and was further decreased in all vessels of 2-hit 72-h septic @entity35 (P < 0.05). In contrast, the pDT(T20) of all three vessels significantly returned toward normal values after 72 h in @entity35 that had only 1 bacteria inoculation. We conclude that an initial bacterial challenge decreases vasoconstrictor reactivity of the intestinal microcirculation and that subsequent repeated bacterial challenge exacerbates this defect in vasoconstrictor control in the non-absorbing intestine.

title: Progressive decrease in constrictor reactivity of the non-absorbing intestine during chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic sepsis']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: Protein phosphatase 2Cbeta ( @entity45366 ) is a member of a family of protein Ser/Thr phosphatases ( @entity45367 ) that is composed of at least twelve different gene products. Recent studies have revealed that @entity45366 mRNA accumulates in mature sperm, unfertilized metaphase II-arrested oocytes and zygotes, but that the mRNA level then decreases sharply between the early two-cell and eight-cell stages, remaining at low levels during the 16-cell to blastocyst stages of @entity19 . These observations raised the possibility that @entity45366 plays a crucial role during gametogenesis, fertilization, and/or early stages of embryonic development. In this study, we employed a gene knockout technique in @entity19 to test this possibility. We found that @entity45366 (Delta/wt) @entity19 generate normal mature gametes. However, @entity45366 (Delta/Delta) embryos die between the two-cell and eight-cell stages. To our interest, @entity45366 (Delta/Delta) ES cells which had been generated by transfecting @entity45366 (3lox/3lox) ES cells with Cre-expressing plasmid were viable. In addition, knockdown of @entity45366 using siRNA did not affect the proliferation of wild-type ES cells. These observations suggest that relatively high @entity45366 expression is specifically required during the early stages of pre-implantation development. The possible mechanisms for the early pre-implantation lethality of @entity45366 (Delta/Delta) @entity19 are discussed.

title: Disruption of the XXXX protein Ser/Thr phosphatase 2Cbeta gene leads to early pre-implantation lethality.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The temporally regulated, cell-type-specific transport of organelles has great biological significance, yet little is known about the regulation of organelle transport during development. The @entity238 gene klarsicht is required for temporally regulated lipid droplet transport in developing embryos and for the stereotypical nuclear migrations in differentiating cells of the developing eye. Klarsicht is thought to coordinate the function of several molecular motors bound to a single lipid droplet or to facilitate the attachment of @entity31452 to the cargo, but it is not known whether Klarsicht affects motors directly or indirectly. RESULTS: Here, we have cloned the klarsicht gene and shown that it encodes a unique large protein. @entity238 klarsicht null mutants were viable, with obvious defects only in adult eye morphology. Epitope-tagged Klarsicht expressed in the eye from a transgene was perinuclear. In flies carrying transgenes that express markers for microtubule plus and minus ends, microtubules in differentiating cells of the eye were oriented with their plus ends apical and their minus ends at the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS: @entity238 klarsicht null mutants were viable and fertile, demonstrating that klarsicht is essential only for specific motor protein functions. Perinuclear localization of Klarsicht protein indicates that Klarsicht has a direct mechanical role in nuclear migration. Taken together with the finding that the minus ends of the microtubules are associated with the photoreceptor nuclei, the observation that Klarsicht is largely perinuclear supports the idea that Klarsicht associates with @entity31452 , consistent with a model in which Klarsicht assists @entity31452 in 'reeling in' the nucleus.

title: Molecular analysis of the klarsicht gene and its role in nuclear migration within differentiating cells of the XXXX eye.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: In the present study the effect of @entity3352 -induced @entity49330 was examined on the release of @entity6138 -like immunoreactivity (BLI), a putative peptidergic neurotransmitter, from the isolated perfused @entity35 stomach. In addition, @entity9113 and @entity1943 (SLI) secretion was determined. Pretreatment of @entity35 with @entity3352 (2 mg/kg X h) resulted in a 3-fold increase of basal BLI secretion. In response to @entity934 (2 X 10(-6) M) BLI rose from 2,000 to 4,000 pg/min, whereas in controls BLI increased from 400 to 1,400 pg/min. While absolute values for BLI secretion were higher in @entity3352 -treated stomachs the relative increase above baseline was lower (100 vs. 250%). In control @entity35 the increase in BLI secretion in response to @entity934 was abolished when the acidity in the gastric lumen was increased from pH 7 to pH 2. After @entity3352 , however, the stimulatory effect of @entity934 during luminal pH 7 and pH 2 was identical. The decrease of SLI by @entity934 at luminal pH 7 was abolished in @entity3352 -treated stomachs in response to 10(-6) M @entity934 , and 2 X 10(-6) M had even a stimulatory effect on SLI secretion. @entity3352 pretreatment reduced @entity9113 secretion at luminal pH 7. These data demonstrate that endogenous @entity2918 exert an inhibitory tone on basal and stimulated BLI and stimulated SLI secretion in the @entity35 stomach. It is suggested that endogenous @entity2918 also inhibit the release of a peptidergic neurotransmitter, similar to their effect on the classical neurotransmitters @entity934 and @entity1063 .

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity6138 -like immunoreactivity, @entity1943 and @entity9113 secretion from @entity35 stomach.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity49330 :: ('MESH:C567786', 'Disease') :: ['prostaglandin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['indomethacin']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to assess current practice patterns in pharmacotherapy for @entity712 at an academic medical center and to analyze temporal trends in management of @entity712 from 1990 to 1995. Records of all @entity1 discharged from the hospital in 1990 or 1995 with a primary diagnosis of @entity712 who also underwent echocardiography were found by a search of the hospital's medical records database. All charts were reviewed, and relevant clinical data, including all discharge medications, were recorded. On the basis of echocardiograms, @entity1 were classified as having preserved or impaired left ventricular systolic function (estimated ejection fraction > or =45% versus <45%). The use of digoxin, diuretics, @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors, @entity460 and beta-blockers, @entity3362 , and @entity2514 in 1990 and 1995 were compared in subgroups according to left ventricular function. A total of 297 @entity1 were identified who fulfilled study criteria and for whom all pertinent data were available (1990, n = 109; 1995, n = 188). The median age was 74 years; 37.3% of the @entity1 were @entity1 , and 45.1% were white. Among @entity1 with impaired systolic function, the proportion receiving either an @entity1289 inhibitor or the combination of @entity3362 and @entity2514 increased from 80.9% in 1990 to 95.4% in 1995 (p = 0.009). In addition, among @entity1 treated with an @entity1289 inhibitor, the proportion receiving an optimal dose increased from 24.3% in 1990 to 61.5% in 1995 (p < 0.001). The use of beta-blockers also increased significantly during this time period (2.1% versus 15.7%; p = 0.031 ). Among @entity1 with preserved ventricular function, the use of @entity1289 inhibitors and beta-blockers increased from 1990 to 1995 (both p < 0.05). The use of other medications did not change for either subgroup. Current use of appropriate vasodilator therapy at an academic medical center is very high and is in accordance with published guidelines for the management of @entity712 . The use of vasodilators and beta-blockers has increased significantly since 1990 among @entity1 with @entity712 with either impaired or preserved left ventricular contractility.

title: Temporal trends in pharmacotherapy for XXXX at an academic medical center: 1990-1995.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1747 use, in particular @entity1397 in @entity1187 , has been associated with an improvement in outcome. However, little information is available regarding their @entity548 risk when used in combination with other antithrombotic agents and revascularisation. METHODS: In a large, multinational, prospective registry, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events, the major @entity548 rate (using GRACE criteria) of 27,358 @entity1 with @entity1459 or non-ST-elevation @entity583 was recorded during index admission. The interaction of @entity2405 on major @entity548 with other antithrombotic agents and with revascularisation was analysed. RESULTS: The 11,478 @entity1 who received @entity2405 during hospitalisation experienced a significant increase in major @entity548 (2.8% with @entity2405 , 2.2% without @entity2405 ; p=0.002). No significant interaction with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and @entity2405 was seen with regard to @entity548 . @entity2405 with unfractionated heparin did not alter @entity548 risk, but @entity2405 with low molecular weight heparin was associated with a significant excess of @entity548 (2.1% with @entity2405 , 1.3% without @entity2405 ; p=0.004). There was no significant difference in major @entity548 with @entity2405 in @entity1 who did or did not undergo revascularisation. CONCLUSIONS: Major @entity548 was increased in @entity1 receiving @entity2405 . No increase in @entity548 risk was seen in @entity1 having revascularisation.

title: Bleeding events with antithrombotic therapy in XXXX with @entity1459 or non-ST-segment elevation @entity583 ; insights from a large clinical practice registry (GRACE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2405 :: ('MESH:D058924', 'Chemical') :: ['thienopyridines', 'Thienopyridines']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity1747 :: ('MESH:C446540', 'Chemical') :: ['Thienopyridine']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Endometriosis is a fairly common disease found in a variety of extrauterine locations. It primarily affects reproductive age @entity1 and has symptoms varying from occult to more specific complaints. Occasionally the lesions produce solid nodules and/or cysts that are clinically palpable and easily evaluated by fine needle aspiration (FNA). We describe three cases of @entity46 diagnosed by FNA. The @entity1 ranged in age from 32 to 38 and reported cyclic symptoms of @entity158 , @entity548 , or change in mass size. Two @entity1 presented with subcutaneous masses (one along the upper pubic ramus, the other in the lower abdomen) and had ultrasonically guided FNA. The third @entity1 had a vaginal cuff mass sampled by transvaginal FNA. All cytologic smears contained characteristic sheets of epithelial cells and fragments of loosely arranged spindled stroma. One case also showed mild epithelial atypia and plump stromal cells. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages were found in only one case. The cytologic diagnoses were confirmed by tissue in all @entity1 . Endometriotic nodules must be evaluated for possible malignant transformation and differentiated from other benign and malignant masses, especially when clinical symptoms are vague. FNA offers a safe and effective tool for identification of @entity46 and obviates the need for diagnostic surgical procedures in some @entity1 .

title: Diagnosis of XXXX by fine-needle aspiration cytology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Twin-electrode voltage-clamp techniques were used to study the effect of @entity460 and @entity460 channel blockers on the transient outward current in isolated F76 and D1 neurones of Helix aspersa subesophageal ganglia in vitro (soma only preparation with no cell processes). On lowering extracellular @entity141 concentration from 10 to 2 mm or removing extracellular @entity460 from the bathing medium, the threshold for this current shifted in a negative direction by 11. 5 and 20 mV, respectively. On the other hand, increasing the extracellular @entity141 concentration from 10 to 20 and to 40 mm shifted the steady-state inactivation curves in positive directions on the voltage axis by 7 and 15 mV, respectively. Upon application of @entity460 channel blockers, @entity515 , @entity11329 , @entity3411 and @entity3280 , transient @entity972 current amplitude was reduced in a voltage-dependent manner, being more effective at voltages close to the threshold. The current was elicited even at a holding potential of -34 mV. The specific @entity460 channel blockers, @entity6478 and @entity594 did not shift the activation and steady-state inactivation curves and did not reduce the transient outward current amplitude. It was concluded that the transient outward current is not dependent on intracellular @entity141 but that it is modulated by @entity141 and di- and trivalent ions extracellularly. The effects of these ions are very unlikely to be due to a surface charge effect because the addition of @entity11329 (200 microm) completely reverses the shift in a hyperpolarizing direction when the extracellular @entity141 concentration was reduced from 10 to 1 mm and additionally shifts the kinetics further still in a depolarizing direction. The responses seen here are consistent with a specific effect of di- and trivalent ions on the transient outward current channels leading to a modification of gating.

title: Effect of @entity460 and XXXX channel blockers on transient outward current of F76 and D1 neuronal soma membranes in the subesophageal ganglia of Helix aspersa.

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the @entity85 in the @entity1 who had been receiving hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The @entity1 who had been receiving HD (n=17) or CAPD (n=15) were included to the study. The age, gender, duration of dialysis were recorded. The physical findings related to musculoskeletal system in the upper extremity were researched. The cervical, shoulder, hand standard radiographies and shoulder magnetic resonance imaging were investigated. RESULTS: The mean duration of HD and CAPD were 53.60    36.03 and 49.17    33.14 months, respectively (p=0.720). Only 6.3% of the CAPD group had signs of @entity923 ( @entity923 ). There were not any differences in the frequency of cervical @entity5145 , decreased height of vertebral corpus in the examination of cervical radiography (p=0.579) and also in the frequency of erosions in the humeral head and bones of hand, @entity45 , erosive @entity6287 and @entity170 detected in the bones of hands (p> 0.005). In the examination of shoulder MR imaging, 80% of the HD group and 47.1% of the CAPD group had @entity924 (p=0.059). The frequency of subscapularis, @entity427 and @entity924 were not different in HD and CAPD groups (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The musculoskeletal system complications of the upper extremity were common in the @entity1 undergoing dialysis therapy. The most common complications were @entity170 of the hand region and @entity924 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prospective, Level 2b.

title: The XXXX in dialysis @entity1 : comparison between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity6287 :: ('MESH:C537144', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['infraspinatus tendinitis', 'supraspinatus tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cyst in the clavicula']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['destructive spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity musculoskeletal complications']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['upper extremity musculoskeletal complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism that how @entity1 enterovirus 71 (EV71) invades the brainstem and how @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) participates by analyzing the expression and distribution of @entity1 EV71, and @entity2071 in brainstem of @entity1 with @entity3308 . METHODS: Twenty-two brainstem of @entity1 with @entity3308 were collected as the experimental group and 10 brainstems of fatal @entity299 were selected as the control group. The sections with perivascular cuffings were selected to observe EV71-VP1 expression by immunohistochemistry method and @entity2071 expression was detected for the sections with EV71-VP1 positive expression. The staining image analysis and statistics analysis were performed. The experiment and control groups were compared. RESULTS: (1) EV71-VP1 positive cells in the experimental group were mainly astrocytes in brainstem with nigger-brown particles, and the control group was negative. (2) @entity2071 positive cells showed nigger-brown. The expression in inflammatory cells (around blood vessels of brain stem and in glial nodules) and gliocytes increased. The results showed statistical difference comparing with control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The @entity3308 can be used to diagnose fatal EV71 @entity281 in @entity1 . EV71 can invade the brainstem via hematogenous route. @entity2071 may play an important role in the pathogenic process.

title: [Distribution of @entity1 enterovirus 71 in brainstem of @entity1 with @entity3308 and XXXX mechanism].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem encephalitis', 'brain stem encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecules-1']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: AIM: @entity31084 ( @entity31084 ) is a novel sphincter-preserving technique for @entity9292 . This pilot study was designed to evaluate the results in @entity1 with a recurrent @entity292 . METHOD: Seventeen @entity1 [nine @entity1 ; median age 49 (range, 30-76) years] with a recurrent trans-sphincteric @entity292 were treated with a @entity31084 procedure between June 2008 and February 2011. All were followed prospectively for a median of 16 (range, 5-27) weeks with clinical examination. Fifteen followed for 13.5 (range, 8-26) months by clinical examination also had three-dimensional (3D) anal ultrasound. RESULTS: The duration of the procedure was 35 (range, 18-70) min. One @entity1 developed a small local haematoma and one had a @entity281 , but otherwise there was no morbidity. At follow up, 11 (65%) @entity1 had a successful closure, two (12%) had a remaining sinus and four (23%) had a persistent @entity292 . The incidence of persistent or recurrent fistulae at 13.5  months was six (40%) of 15 @entity1 . No de novo @entity322 was reported. CONCLUSION: @entity31084 is a safe procedure for @entity1 with recurrent @entity9292 , with healing at short-term and medium-term follow-up comparable with or superior to that of other sphincter-preserving techniques. Larger studies with a longer follow up are needed to define the ultimate role of @entity31084 in @entity1 with recurrence.

title: Efficacy of @entity31084 for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity31084 :: ('MESH:D016156', 'Disease') :: ['LIFT', 'Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous infection']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['anal fistula']

answer: @entity9292 :: (MESH:D012003,Disease) :: ['anal fistula']


abstract: A monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated PS-7.6, was previously shown to enhance the growth-promoting activity of porcine @entity11249 (pGH) in an experimental hypophysectomized (hypox) @entity35 model. The long lasting effect of PS-7.6 was postulated to be a result of the induction of anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-id) in these treated animals. An attempt was made in this report to further explore this issue. It was demonstrated that @entity19 following immunization with PS-7.6 were capable of producing anti-id in serum. The antibody titers of @entity19 immunized with a mixture of PS-7.6 and pGH were much higher than that of those being immunized with PS-7.6 alone. A monoclonal anti-id, designated 2A6, was generated and found to recognize the intact PS-7.6 and its F(ab')2 fragment under non-reducing condition in Western analysis. However, it did not interact with reduced PS-7.6, suggesting the necessity of both H and L chains for the expression of a conformational idiotype. In radioimmunoassay, 2A6 competed with pGH for the binding to PS-7.6, but failed to do so with a control anti-pGH mAb recognizing a distinct pGH epitope from that of PS-7.6. Results from a biospecific interaction analysis which monitored the molecular interactions in a real-time fashion confirmed the facts that 2A6 specifically recognized the variable region of PS-7.6 and that the recognition was inhibited by the presence of pGH. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay provided further evidence to indicate that 2A6 bound to GH binding protein, i.e. the soluble @entity14023 , and pGH prevented this interaction in a dose-dependent manner. The biological effect of 2A6 was evaluated in hypox @entity35 and shown to promote the growth of these @entity2338 animals. Taken together, the present findings clearly demonstrate that 2A6 raised against a growth-enhancing anti-pGH mAb mimics pGH both conformationally and functionally.

title: Promotion of animal growth with a monoclonal anti-idiotype specific to anti-porcine XXXX antibody.

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH-deficient']

answer: @entity11249 :: (81668(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: The DNA content of the cell nuclei of @entity2828 was analysed by means of cytophotometry in situ with image analysis in Feulgen-stained sections in 37 @entity1 , and by retrospective flow cytometry according to the method of Hedley in 26 @entity1 . Different histogram patterns were obtained: normal unimodal or bimodal DNA distributions and abnormal DNA distributions with one or two stem lines, or an abnormal DNA distribution with no stem lines. Both methods enabled us to make a distinction between two groups of @entity2828 with a different prognosis. All @entity1 with @entity5 died within 5 years after the initial diagnosis. Eleven of 19 (58%) @entity1 with a normal DNA distribution in their @entity5 , as determined by cytophotometry, are still alive and in good health with a mean survival period of 7.5 years, ranging from 2 to 19 years. Of the group of @entity1 in which flow cytometry revealed a normal DNA pattern, eight of 15 (53%) are still alive and in good health, with a mean survival period of 8 years. These results indicate that both techniques are reliable methods for obtaining prognostic information in @entity2828 . However, cytophotometry in situ yielded a better discrimination for the overall survival (P < 0.01) than did flow cytometry (P < 0.05). In 19% of the cases there was a discrepancy between the DNA histograms obtained with the two techniques. In five of 26 cases the DNA distributions were classified as normal by one method and aneuploid by the other. @entity5 cell representation or selective loss of cells during enzymatic treatment may be responsible for this discrepancy.

title: The prognostic significance of the DNA content in XXXX : a retrospective cytophotometric and flow cytometric study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcomas", "Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'aneuploid tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms of @entity1295 and @entity1353 , treatment with oral @entity288 , high circulating levels of cytokines, and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity497 ( @entity497 ) could affect the @entity1 ' exercise tolerance and @entity121 ( @entity121 ). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional capacity (FC) of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity497 and to correlate the FC with length of hospital stay. METHOD: We prospectively evaluated 45 @entity1 (49  16 years; @entity497 group) and 20 healthy subjects (53  17 years; control group). They were randomized to perform, on separate days, a 6-minute walk test (6MWT), a test of @entity121 , and the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). Additionally, the SF-36 questionnaire and the MRC scale were completed and evaluated. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the groups ( @entity497 and controls) for the 6MWT (381.3  108 vs. 587.1  86.8 m) and @entity1062 (272.8  104.3 vs. 174  39 sec). The @entity497 group also presented worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores, reduced strength (quadriceps and biceps), and higher scores of @entity1353 . The time required to perform the @entity1062 correlated with the length of hospital stay (r=0.35, P=0.02) and @entity1353 (r=0.36, P=0.02). Significant correlations were observed between @entity1062 and 6MWT (r=-0.66, P=0.0001) and between @entity1062 with the physical functioning domain of SF-36 (r=-0.51, P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 hospitalized for @entity497 presented with reduced FC, @entity121 , and HRQoL during hospitalization. In addition, @entity1062 performance was related to the length of hospital stay.

title: @entity1 hospitalized for XXXX present reduced functional performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['Glittre test', 'GT']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'peripheral muscle strength']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: The long-term results of 647 @entity1 undergoing pulmonary resection for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) between 1980-1988 were reviewed. One hundred forty-five (22%) were elderly @entity1 (70 years or more, group 1), with a mean age of 72.3 years (70-81) and the other 502 (18%) were younger (69 years or less, group 2) with a mean age of 61.4 (40-69) years. The male to female ratio was 4:1 in group 1 and 3:1 in group 2. The number of @entity1 in group 2 (n = 234, 47%) who underwent pneumonectomy was significantly greater (P < 0.01), compared to group 1 (n = 47, 32%). Cardiopulmonary complications were more frequently observed in group 1 (19.3%) than in group 2 (7.4%), P < 0.05. Although @entity299 (i.e. @entity943 ) were more common in the elderly group, @entity358 (retained secretions, @entity891 ) occurred more commonly in the younger group. The overall hospital mortality in group 1 and group 2 was 8.9% and 5.3%, respectively (NS), and mortality following pneumonectomy in group 1 (10.6%) was similar to that of group 2 (7.6%) (NS). The 2- and 5-year overall actuarial survival rates were 61% and 30% in group 1 and 57% and 37% in group 2 (NS). Superior survival was achieved in @entity1 in stage I of the disease in both groups. Cell type was not a determinant of long-term survival differences between the groups whereas type of operation (lobectomy) and sex (female) were.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term results in the elderly following pulmonary resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity715 straddling the @entity4616 (TSFO) is a rare event. It occurs in the presence of @entity1151 and can be responsible for @entity2121 . The aim of this report is to guide the optimal choice of treatment for TSFO in different clinical contexts. METHODS: A PubMed search was conducted of articles published between 1985, when the first TSFO was reported, and 2007. We identified 93 cases of TSFO diagnosed by echocardiography, nine of which were excluded because of lack of information. We analysed data from these 84 @entity1 plus a further four seen at three French cardiology departments. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' mean age was 58 years. @entity1151 was present in 94% of cases, and was severe in 34%. @entity2121 , before or after treatment, was found in 44% of cases. Fifty-five @entity1 were treated surgically, 21 were treated with heparin, and 11 received thrombolysis. The mortality rates for the treatments were 13, 14 and 36%, respectively. @entity1 who received heparin were older (60+/-17 years) and had more @entity64 (11/21) than the surgical group (56+/-15 years, 14/55). The group that received thrombolysis was more likely to have haemodynamic compromise. CONCLUSION: Medical treatment with heparin tends to be used as a second option in @entity1 with more frequent comorbidities and @entity64 but the mortality rate is similar to that in the surgical group. Surgery seems to be justified in the prevention of @entity2121 . Thrombolysis is more frequently chosen in the higher risk group and is associated with the greatest mortality.

title: Surgical or medical treatment for @entity715 straddling the @entity4616 : impending XXXX ? Report of four clinical cases and literature review.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical embolism', 'Paradoxical embolism']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity2121 :: (MESH:D019320,Disease) :: ['paradoxical embolism']


abstract: In spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 , we examined tissue and adrenal @entity1063 concentrations, left ventricular (LV) weight, LV weight/body weight ratio (LV/BW), hindquarter resistance properties, ie, perfusion pressures at maximum dilatation and constriction (PPmax, PPmin), and the slope of the @entity7202 log dose-PP curve. In series 1, we studied 4-week-old controls (SHRc, WKYc), sympathectomized @entity35 (SX; SHRsx, WKYsx), and SX @entity35 also given @entity3159 (SXP; SHRsxp, WKYsxp). With SX and SXP, adrenal @entity1063 concentrations increased in both strains, but tissue (LV, muscle, kidney) @entity1063 was depleted. At 4 weeks, LV/BW, PPmin, and PPmax were all greater in SHRc than in WKYc. With SX, these differences between strains remained unchanged, but SXP abolished them completely, indicating the importance of blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptor stimuli of adrenal origin. In SHRc (but not in WKYc), there was evidence of reinnervation after 4 weeks of SX. Hence, in series 2, the SXP period was extended to 8 weeks, and we studied SHRc, WKYc, SHRsxp, and WKYsxp. Systolic blood pressure was already elevated at 4 weeks in SHRc, and by 35 weeks it was 64 mm Hg greater than in WKYc. At 21 and 35 weeks, LV/BW, PPmax, PPmin, and slopes were all greater in SHRc than in WKYc, and the findings suggested greater LV and vascular @entity1184 than at 4 weeks. In SHRsxp @entity101 , @entity4346 and the vascular changes were completely prevented over the entire 35-week observation period. SXP mainly affected SHR and had few effects on WKY @entity35 . The sympathetic nerves and adrenals are probably the sources of alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation in young SHR. They account for the development of @entity101 and for most of the cardiovascular structural differences between SHR and WKY @entity35 .

title: Sympathoadrenal system is critical for structural changes in genetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: We performed an open, prospective, randomized clinical trial in 51 @entity1 receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 72 h, in order to evaluate the impact of using either invasive (protected specimen brush [PSB] and bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] via fiberoptic bronchoscopy) or noninvasive (quantitative endotracheal aspirates [QEA]) diagnostic methods on the morbidity and mortality of @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ). @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A @entity1 (n = 24) underwent QEA, PSB, and BAL; Group B @entity1 (n = 27) underwent only QEA cultures. Empiric antibiotic treatment was given according to the attending physician and was modified according to the results of cultures and sensitivity in Group A using PSB and BAL results and in Group B based upon QEA cultures. Bacteriologic cultures were done quantitatively for EA, PSB, and BAL. Thresholds of > or = 10(5), > or = 10(3), and > or = 10(4) CFU/ml were used for QEA, PSB, and BAL, respectively. Microbial cultures from Group A @entity1 were positive in 16 (67%) BAL samples, 14 (58%) PSB samples, and 16 (67%) QEA samples. In Group B @entity1 , QEA microbial cultures yielded positive results in 20 of 27 (74%) samples. In Group A, there was total agreement between culture results of the three techniques on 17 (71%) occasions. In five (21%) cases, QEA coincided with either BAL or PBS. In only two (8%) cases, QEA cultures did not coincide with either PSB or BAL. No cases of positive BAL or PSB cultures had negative QEA cultures. Initial antibiotic treatment was modified in 10 (42%) @entity1 from Group A and in four (16%) @entity1 from Group B (p < 0.05). The observed crude mortality rate was 11 of 24 (46%) in Group A, and 7 of 27 (26%) in Group B, whereas the adjusted mortality rates (observed crude minus predicted at admission) for Groups A and B were 29 and 10%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences when comparing crude and adjusted mortality rates of Groups A and B. There were no differences in mortality between both groups when comparing @entity55 , considering together @entity796 and Acinetobacter spp. (Group A, 33% versus Group B, 27%). There were no differences between Groups A and B with regard to ICU stay duration and total duration of mechanical ventilation. In this pilot study, the impact of bronchoscopy was to lead to more frequent antibiotic changes with no change in mortality. Further studies with larger population samples are warranted to confirm these findings.

title: Impact of invasive and noninvasive quantitative culture sampling on outcome of XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: We report the first @entity420 metastatic to the fetus as well as an updated literature review. Review of the literature revealed that there have been only 67 cases of maternal malignancy metastatic to the products of conception. These were mostly malignant @entity320 and @entity1583 . A 46-year old multiparous @entity1 with metastatic @entity420 , diagnosed at 23 weeks gestation, delivered a male @entity1 who appeared normal at birth. The mother died 2 days after delivery. The @entity1 developed @entity5 a 2 weeks of age. The @entity5 recurred rapidly after initial resection. Wide local excision of the involved scalp and skin graft coverage was performed at 14 weeks of age. Histopathology of these @entity5 was identical to that of the maternal @entity5 . The maternal origin of these @entity5 was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The @entity1 is now 5 years old and free of disease.

title: XXXX metastatic to the fetus: first recorded case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple scalp tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['maternal pulmonary adenocarcinoma', 'pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Maternal pulmonary adenocarcinoma']