abstract: BACKGROUND: In preoperative assessment of @entity0 , MRI has been shown to identify more additional breast lesions than are detectable using conventional imaging techniques. The characterization of additional lesions is more important than detection for optimal surgical treatment. Additional breast lesions can be included in focus, mass, and non-mass enhancement (NME) on MRI. According to the fifth edition of the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS  ), which includes several changes in the NME descriptors, few studies to date have evaluated NME in preoperative assessment of @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS descriptors in predicting @entity5 for additional NME lesions detected on preoperative 3T dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 2008 and December 2012, 88 @entity1 were enrolled in our study, all with NME lesions other than the index @entity5 on preoperative 3T DCE-MRI and all with accompanying histopathologic examination. The MRI findings were analyzed according to the BI-RADS MRI lexicon. We evaluated the size, distribution, internal enhancement pattern, and location of NME lesions relative to the index @entity5 (i.e., same quadrant, different quadrant, or contralateral breast). RESULTS: On histopathologic analysis of the 88 NME lesions, 73 (83%) were malignant and 15 (17%) were benign. Lesion size did not differ significantly between malignant and benign lesions (P = 0.410). Malignancy was more frequent in linear (P = 0.005) and segmental (P = 0.011) distributions, and benignancy was more frequent in focal (P = 0.004) and regional (P < 0.001) NME lesions. The highest positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) for @entity5 occurred in segmental (96.8%), linear (95.1%), clustered ring (100%), and clumped (92.0%) enhancement. Asymmetry demonstrated a high positive predictive value of 85.9%. The frequency of @entity5 was higher for NME lesions located in the same quadrant with the index @entity5 (P = 0.006), and benignancy was higher in the contralateral breast (P = 0.015). On multivariate analysis, linear (P = 0.001) and segmental (P = 0.005) distributions were significant predictors of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The possibility of @entity5 is strongly indicated when additional NME lesions show linear or segmental enhancement on preoperative 3T DCE-MRI in @entity1 with recently diagnosed @entity0 .

title: Significance of Additional Non-Mass Enhancement in @entity1 with XXXX on Preoperative 3T Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI of the Breast.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: AIM: To determine liver transplantation outcomes in @entity2360 ( @entity2360 ) @entity1 , focusing on neurological manifestations. METHODS: This retrospective study assessed data from 16 @entity2360 @entity1 (nine males, 56%) who had liver transplants between 1991 and 2007. Survival, graft function, and neurological complications were assessed during a follow-up period of up to 15 years. In addition, each @entity1 's medical record was reviewed in detail to find the type of @entity2360 (hepatic or hepatic plus neurological @entity2360 ), indication for liver transplantation, use of chelating agents prior to transplantation, immediate and long term complications following transplantation, the donor details, and the pathology of explanted liver. RESULTS: End-stage @entity409 was the indication for transplantation in all 16 @entity2360 @entity1 . Four @entity1 displayed @entity2360 -related neurological symptoms in addition to @entity409 . Living-related liver transplantation was done in three cases. One @entity1 died on postoperative day 6 due to primary graft non-function. One-year post liver transplant survival was 94%. Neurological manifestations of all four @entity1 disappeared during their follow-up. Four @entity1 developed acute cellular rejection, but all responded to treatment. One @entity1 developed chronic ductopenic rejection after 15 years post-transplantation and their graft failed; this @entity1 is currently waiting for re-transplantation. Fourteen @entity1 (88%) are still living. The long-term average survival is currently 10.5 years, with a current median survival of 8 years. Long-term graft survival is currently 81%. CONCLUSION: Short- and long-term survival in @entity2360 @entity1 liver transplantation was excellent, and neurological and psychological @entity2360 manifestations disappeared during long-term follow-up.

title: Liver transplantation in XXXX : Single center experience from Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease", 'WD']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson's disease']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the concentration of Natural Killer cells (NK) cells in @entity420 , and its correlation with prognostic factors and survival. METHODS: Seventy-two @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent gastric resection surgery and D2 lymphadenectomy in the period 1997-2007 were analyzed. The concentration of NK cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry technique with the reagent @entity4755 . @entity1 were divided into two groups: high concentration (n = 32) (more than 15 cells per 10 high power field) and low concentration (less or equal than 15 cells per 10 high power field). These two groups were compared with several prognostic factors such as: gender, age, @entity5 location, @entity5 differentiation, Lauren classification, stage, lymph nodes involvement, distant metastases and survival. The Kaplan-Meier curve was applied to evaluate survival and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for evaluation. RESULTS: There was no relationship of NK cells with the several variables studied, except to the @entity5 stage (p<0.02) with high concentration in more advanced stages. Survival was better (p = 0.0025) in the group of high concentration of NK. The survival analysis in advanced stage shown that the group with high concentration had higher survival (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, the concentration of NK cells was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.0027, Hazard Ratio = 0343). CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of NK cells did not differ among the prognostic variables, with the exception of the staging. @entity1 with high concentration of NK cells showed a higher survival rate when compared to the low concentration, especially in the advanced stage.

title: [Correlation of natural killer cells with the prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of @entity419 -PET in the diagnosis of @entity195 is increasing and should be validated. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-rater variability in the interpretation of @entity419 -PET images obtained in the Japanese @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative, a multicenter clinical research project. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed 274 @entity419 -PET scans (67 mild @entity195 , 100 mild @entity73 , and 107 normal cognitive) as baseline scans for the Japanese @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative, which were acquired with various types of PET or PET/CT scanners in 23 facilities. Three independent raters interpreted all PET images by using a combined visual-statistical method. The images were classified into 7 (FDG-7) patterns by the criteria of Silverman et al and further into 2 (FDG-2) patterns. RESULTS: Agreement among the 7 visual-statistical categories by at least 2 of the 3 readers occurred in >94% of cases for all groups: @entity195 , mild @entity73 , and normal cognitive. Perfect matches by all 3 raters were observed for 62% of the cases by FDG-7 and 76 by FDG-2. Inter-rater concordance was moderate by FDG-7 (k = 0.57) and substantial in FDG-2 (k = 0.67) on average. The FDG-PET score, an automated quantitative index developed by Herholz et al, increased as the number of raters who voted for the AD pattern increased (   = 0.59, P < .0001), and the FDG-PET score decreased as those for normal pattern increased (   = -0.64, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Inter-rater agreement was moderate to substantial for the combined visual-statistical interpretation of @entity419 -PET and was also significantly associated with automated quantitative assessment.

title: Visual-statistical interpretation of XXXX -PET images for characteristic Alzheimer patterns in a multicenter study: inter-rater concordance and relationship to automated quantitative evaluation.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-FDG']


abstract: @entity460 is a key element in intracellular signaling in skeletal muscle. Changes in intracellular @entity460 levels are thought to mediate the fast-to-slow transformation of muscle fiber type. One factor implicated in gene regulation in adult muscle is the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) isoform c1, whose dephosphorylation by the @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin facilitates its nuclear translocation. Here, we report that differentiated C2C12 myotubes predominantly expressing fast-type MyHCII protein undergo fast-to-slow transformation following @entity460 -ionophore treatment, with several transcription factors and a transcriptional coactivator acting in concert to upregulate the slow myosin heavy chain ( @entity9741 promoter. Transient transfection assays demonstrated that the calcineurin/ @entity9889 signaling pathway is essential for @entity9741 promoter activation during transformation of C2C12 myotubes but is not sufficient for complete fast MyHCIId/x promoter inhibition. Along with @entity9889 , @entity42745 ( @entity42745 ) and the myogenic transcription factor @entity9171 transactivated the @entity9741 promoter in @entity460 -ionophore-treated myotubes in a calcineurin-dependent manner. To elucidate the mechanism involved in regulating @entity9741 gene expression, we analyzed the -2.4-kb @entity9741 promoter construct for cis-regulatory elements. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP), and nuclear complex coimmunoprecipitation (NCcoIP) assays, we demonstrated @entity460 -ionophore-induced binding of @entity9889 to a NFAT consensus site adjacent to a @entity9171 -binding E-box. At their respective binding sites, both @entity9889 and @entity9171 recruited the transcriptional coactivator @entity3493 , and in turn, @entity42745 bound to the @entity9171 complex. The @entity460 -ionophore-induced effects on the @entity9741 promoter were shown to be calcineurin-dependent. Together, our findings demonstrate @entity460 -ionophore-induced activation of the beta @entity9740 promoter by @entity9889 , @entity9171 , @entity42745 , and @entity3493 in a calcineurin-dependent manner.

title: Activation of the beta myosin heavy chain promoter by @entity42745 , XXXX , @entity3493 , and the calcineurin/ @entity9889 pathway.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity42745 :: ('4209', 'Gene') :: ['myocyte enhancer factor-2D', 'MEF-2D']

answer: @entity9171 :: (4654,Gene) :: ['MyoD']


abstract: Our objectives were to characterize @entity426 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and @entity5083 ( @entity5083 ) @entity1 , in a comparative analysis. We used a walking test to determine gait velocity (GV), stride length (SL), stride cadence and the presence of frontal (FG) and sub-cortical @entity5048 gait (SHG) features. Equilibrium was tested with the shoulder tug test (STT). These variables were used in cluster analysis, to classify subjects according to @entity426 . @entity191 @entity1 were assessed with the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale. @entity5083 @entity1 were reassessed after high volume lumbar puncture (LP). @entity5083 (n  =  35) and @entity191 (n  =  40) @entity1 had lower SL, GV and STT scores than controls (n  =  30). @entity5083 @entity1 had worse results in SL, GV and STT than @entity191 and a higher frequency of both FG and SHG features, compared to @entity191 and the control groups. We found a severe/moderate @entity426 cluster, formed by 33 @entity5083 @entity1 and 11 @entity191 @entity1 , and a normal/mild dysfunction cluster, comprising 2 @entity5083 , 29 @entity191 @entity1 and all control subjects. @entity191 @entity1 in the first cluster had worse UPDRS (except for @entity400 ) and HY scores. In @entity5083 @entity1 , all gait variables improved after LP, although not to the controls level. @entity191 and @entity5083 gait was similarly characterized by loss of balance, slowness and small steps, although @entity5083 @entity1 performed worse. In @entity191 @entity1 , @entity426 comparable to that of @entity5083 @entity1 was associated with worse motor stage and the @entity2003 variant.

title: @entity426 in @entity191 and XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['akinetic-rigid']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5083 :: ('MESH:D006850', 'Disease') :: ['normal pressure hydrocephalus', 'NPH']

answer: @entity5083 :: (MESH:D006850,Disease) :: ['normal pressure hydrocephalus']


abstract: In vivo and in vitro aggrecanases degrade proteoglycan aggrecan in articular cartilage. However, the expression of aggrecanases in @entity1 in different stages of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) has not been investigated. This study detected the expression of @entity27369 ( @entity27369 ) and @entity3531 and their proteolytic products, ARGxx, in the synovial fluid (SF) of @entity1 in different stages of @entity571 . This study aimed to evaluate the expression of aggrecanases and to explore the respective roles of these enzymes in @entity1 cartilage degradation. A total of 144 @entity1 with knee @entity571 were divided into early-, middle-, and late-stage @entity571 groups according to the degree of cartilage degradation using Recht's MRI grading standard and the modified Outerbridge classification system. Expression levels of @entity27369 , @entity3531 , and ARGxx in the SF from these @entity1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Our findings showed that @entity27369 and ARGxx expression levels in the early-stage group were significantly higher than in the other two groups. @entity3531 in the early-stage group and @entity27369 , @entity3531 , and ARGxx in the late-stage group were significantly higher than those in the middle-stage @entity571 group. Both @entity27369 and @entity3531 levels were correlated with ARGxx levels (P   <   0.05). The correlation coefficients of @entity27369 and @entity3531 were 0.236 and 0.068, 0.729 and 0.479, and 0.675 and 0.257 in the early-, middle-, and late-stage groups, respectively, and 0.530 and 0.258 in the total SF samples. Western blot analysis revealed that the @entity27369 and @entity3531 in SF were 50 kDa proteins and that ARGxx in SF had at least two molecular masses, 55 kDa and 70 kDa. The expression levels of all three proteins were consistent with the ELISA results. These results suggested that aggrecanases were involved in all stages of @entity1 @entity571 aggrecan degradation, especially in the early and late stages. @entity27369 levels were higher in early- compared with middle- or late-stage @entity571 and were also more correlated with ARGxx than @entity3531 ; thus, @entity27369 might be the principal aggrecanase of aggrecan degradation in @entity1 @entity571 .

title: Aggrecanases in the @entity1 synovial fluid at different stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity27369 :: ('9507', 'Gene') :: ['ADAMTS-4', 'a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1, is traditionally associated with the immune response but recent evidence indicates that it plays a role in neuronal function. Its expression is increased in neurodegenerative conditions and preliminary evidence suggests that it is also increased with increasing age. Receptors for interleukin-1 are differentially distributed in the brain with a high density in the hippocampus, where @entity3426 exerts inhibitory effects on release and @entity460 channel function. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that interleukin-1 might lead to age-related changes in membrane composition. METHODS: Lipid peroxidation was assessed in the presence or absence of @entity3426 in hippocampal tissue prepared from 4- and 22-month-old @entity35 . These data were analysed in parallel with age-related changes in @entity1426 and @entity3426 concentrations in the hippocampus. RESULTS: We report that @entity3426 increased lipid peroxidation in hippocampal tissue prepared from 4- but not 22-month-old @entity35 , and that this effect was inhibited by @entity1881 . The attenuated response to @entity3426 in tissue prepared from aged @entity35 correlated with increased expression of endogenous @entity3426 . Thus, using an ELISA, we have demonstrated an age-related increase in the concentration of @entity3426 , which is accompanied by an age-related decrease in membrane @entity1426 . CONCLUSION: We propose that increased @entity3426 expression impacts on membrane composition and therefore contributes to age-related @entity73 .

title: Interleukin-1 induces lipid peroxidation and membrane changes in XXXX hippocampus: An age-related study.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in neuronal function']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Bacteria growing in the @entity1 large intestine live in intimate association with the host and play an important role in host digestive processes, gut physiology, and metabolism. Fecal bacteria have been investigated extensively, but few studies have been done on biofilms that form on digestive wastes in the large bowel. The aims of this investigation were to investigate the composition and metabolic activities of bacterial communities that colonize the surfaces of food residues in fecal material, with respect to their role in the fermentation of complex @entity3363 . Fresh stools were obtained from 15 healthy donors, and food residues were separated by filtration. Adherent bacteria were removed by surfactant treatment for microbiological analysis and fermentation studies. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridization in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to visualize intact biofilms. Results showed that bacterial populations strongly adhering to particulate matter were phenotypically similar in composition to unattached communities, with bacteroides and bifidobacteria predominating. Biofilms comprised a mixture of living and dead bacteria, and CLSM showed that bifidobacteria in the biofilms occurred as isolated dispersed cells and in microcolonies near the interface with the substratum. Fermentation experiments with a variety of complex @entity3363 demonstrated that biofilm populations were more efficient in digesting polysaccharides, while nonadhering communities fermented oligosaccharides most rapidly. @entity598 was the principal fermentation product formed by biofilm bacteria, whereas higher levels of @entity4876 were produced by nonadherent populations, showing that the two communities were metabolically distinct.

title: Composition and metabolic activities of bacterial biofilms colonizing food residues in the XXXX gut.

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetate']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity299 after operations are infrequent but, when present, are often fatal. The 14 autopsied @entity1 in whom @entity2396 developed after thoracic operations over an 88 year period at The Johns Hopkins Hospital were studied. @entity2396 developed after cardiac operations in 10 and after pulmonary resections in 4. In 12 of the 14 cases the pericardial sac had been opened. Associated @entity86 , present in 13 @entity1 , included @entity1764 in 7 and @entity3509 in 3. Staphylococcus was the infection organism in half of the @entity1 . Associated @entity299 , including @entity884 , @entity296 , and graft infection, was present in 5 (36 per cent) @entity1 . @entity204 occurred within 2 months of operation in 11 (79 per cent) @entity1 ; it was due to infection in 9, @entity2293 , and @entity943 and @entity712 in one. The diagnosis of @entity2396 was made before death in only 5 (36 per cent) cases, in part owing to masking of the usual signs of @entity2396 in the postoperative @entity1 . Since the introduction of antibiotics, the over-all incidence of @entity2396 has decreased. However, @entity281 after thoracotomy has increased tenfold, and @entity1 undergoing cardiac operations in particular provide a new and increasing population at risk for this disease.

title: A clinicopathological study of post-thoracotomy XXXX . A continuing problem of diagnosis and therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial abscess']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade in 4']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['purulent pericarditis', 'Purulent pericarditis', 'pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac infections', 'cardiac infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity2396 :: (MESH:D010493,Disease) :: ['purulent pericarditis']


abstract: Total 40 @entity1 with III grade @entity4096 underwent conservative treatment with compressive hosiery <VENOTEKS THERAPY>. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: the first group used compressive stockings, the second--tights. To objectivize the assessment, all @entity1 underwent volumetry, radionuclide phlebography and regional blood volume measurements. It was shown that in the first group @entity158 was coped in 73% of @entity1 , @entity4 --in 60%. According to volumetry data, mean @entity291 volume has reduced by 183+/-41 ml, phlebography has revealed an improvement of muscular-venous pump capacity in 11 @entity1 ; in 9 @entity1 it remained unchanged. Blood filling in the affected limb decreased in 16 @entity1 from 10.7% to 8.2% and from 7.5% to 5.3% for thigh and @entity291 , respectively. In the second group an improvement of venous return parameters was more pronounced. Compressive tights relieved @entity158 in lower extremities in 95%, decreased led @entity4 --in 90% of @entity1 . There was significant reduction in @entity291 volume--by 259+/-31 ml to the end of treatment course. Radionuclide phlebography has shown significant improvement of muscular-venous pump evacuatory function and reduction of blood filling in all @entity1 of the second group. In conclusion, results of the study evidenced the effectiveness of compressive hosiery for treatment of @entity4096 .

title: [Effectiveness of compressive hosiery <VENOTEKS THERAPY> for therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['chronic venous insufficiency']


abstract: To evaluate impaired respiratory mechanics in @entity2542 , dynamic breathing magnetic resonance imaging (BMRI) was acquired with fast-gradient echo pulse sequences at fixed thoracic planes over two to three slow, deep respiratory cycles in 6 controls and 28 @entity1 with @entity2542 including 9 @entity1 undergoing lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). Respiratory motions of the diaphragm and chest wall (D/CW) were assessed by a cine-loop view, a fusion display of maximal inspiratory and expiratory images, and the time-distance curves. By contrast with normal subjects with regular synchronous D/CW motions, the @entity1 frequently showed reduced, irregular, or asynchronous motions, with significant decreases in the maximal amplitude of D/CW motions (MAD and MACW), and the @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) (P < 0.0001, P < 0.001, P < 0. 01, respectively). After LVRS, nine @entity1 showed improvements in D/CW configuration and mobility, with significantly increased MAD, MACW, and @entity3656 (P < 0.01, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.05, respectively). In 40 studies of 28 @entity1 including the post-LVRS examinations, the normalized MAD and MACW significantly correlated with %FEV(1) (r = 0. 881 and r = 0.906; P < 0.0001, respectively). BMRI seems useful for noninvasively and directly assessing the impaired respiratory mechanics associated with abnormal ventilation in @entity2542 , and also for monitoring the effects of LVRS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:510-520.

title: Impaired respiratory mechanics in XXXX : evaluation with dynamic breathing MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'length of apposition of the diaphragm']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity2542 :: (MESH:D011656,Disease) :: ['pulmonary emphysema']


abstract: Endoscopic sclerotherapy has been widely advocated as primary therapy for @entity1 surviving @entity548 from esophageal varices. The potential for endoscopic sclerotherapy to limit subsequent surgical options remains unclear. The following study was undertaken to assess the endoscopic sclerotherapy-related incidence of @entity49 in @entity1 undergoing surgery for variceal @entity548 . We retrospectively identified 27 @entity1 who underwent portosystemic shunting after an episode of @entity548 documented by endoscopic examination. Eleven @entity1 underwent endoscopic sclerotherapy before portosystemic surgery for shunting. Among the @entity1 undergoing prior endoscopic sclerotherapy, 6/11 had partial @entity49 at surgery compared with 2/16 in the non-endoscopic sclerotherapy group. This difference was statistically significant. Only one of the eight @entity1 with @entity4558 or portal vein @entity715 detected at surgery showed signs of the condition when an angiograph was performed. Endoscopic sclerotherapy appears to impose a significant risk for @entity49 . This complication, not reliably detected by angiographic means, may limit the operative options and long-term outcomes of @entity1 in whom endoscopic sclerotherapy fails.

title: Endoscopic sclerotherapy: a risk factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['splanchnic venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the determinants of antihypertensive medication adherence in community-living elderly adults. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. SETTING: Population-based health survey in the province of Quebec, Canada. @entity1 : Data from a representative sample (N = 2,811) of community-dwelling adults in Quebec aged 65 and older participating in the   tude sur la Sant   des A  n  s study. The final study sample analyzed consisted of 926 participants taking antihypertensive drugs during the 2 years of the study. MEASUREMENTS: Adherence to antihypertensive medication was measured using days of supply obtained during a specified time period. @entity308 and @entity148 were assessed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, criteria, and physical health status was measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Other factors considered were age, education, marital status, annual family income, and number of antihypertensive drugs that @entity1 used. RESULTS: Mean antihypertensive proportion (percentage) of days supplied in was 92.5% in Year 1 and 59.4% in Year 2. The presence of @entity308 and @entity148 and the number of antihypertensive medications significantly predicted medication adherence. The sex by @entity308 and @entity148 interaction term was significant. CONCLUSION: Adherence to antihypertensive medication was significantly associated with @entity308 and @entity148 in @entity1 but not @entity1 . The treatment of @entity308 and @entity148 in individuals with @entity101 may be helpful in improving medication adherence rates and healthcare outcomes.

title: Association between XXXX and adherence to antihypertensive medication in community-living elderly adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive and anxiety disorders']


abstract: Head and neck irradiation may lead to accelerated @entity731 over several years. Delayed @entity64 has been described after head and neck irradiation administered for a number of conditions. However, brain stem @entity64 has only rarely been associated with irradiation. We report a @entity1 with medullary hemorrhagic @entity1188 6 years after radiotherapy for @entity189 . A 42-year-old normotensive Chinese male had rapid onset of vertigo, @entity892 , @entity2055 , @entity1282 , @entity4653 , @entity1269 , and @entity649 . Cranial MR imaging 2 days after symptom onset showed medullary @entity1188 , and cranial MR imaging 5 days after symptom onset showed @entity548 . He needed ventilatory support and died of bacterial @entity55 1 month later. Other risk factors for @entity64 were absent. @entity385 in this @entity1 was likely associated with the radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is the first choice of treatment for @entity189 , however, it may induce fatal medullary hemorrhagic @entity1188 .

title: @entity385 after radiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['medullary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic infarction']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['hypophonic dysarthria']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: A new series of secondary @entity7573 bearing long alkyl chains with pi-electron-donor cores has been synthesized and characterised, and their self-assembly upon casting at surfaces has been studied. The different supramolecular assemblies of the materials have been visualized by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is possible to obtain well-defined fibres of these aromatic core molecules as a result of the @entity3884 bonds between the @entity6346 groups. Indeed, by altering the alkyl-chain lengths, constitutions, concentrations and solvent, it is possible to form different rodlike aggregates on @entity15583 . Aggregate sizes with a lower limit of 6-8 nm width have been reached for different @entity6346 derivatives, while others show larger aggregates with rodlike morphologies which are several micrometers in length. For one compound that forms nanofibres, doping was performed by using a chemical oxidant, and the resulting layer on @entity15583 was shown to exhibit metallic-like spectroscopy curves when probed with current-sensing AFM. This technique also revealed current maps of the surface of the molecular material. Fibre formation not only takes place on the @entity15583 surface: nanometre scale rods have been imaged by using TEM on a grid after evaporation of solutions of the compounds in @entity3636 . Molecular modelling proves the importance of the @entity3884 bonds in the generation of the fibres, and indicates that the constitution of the molecules is vital for the formation of the desired columnar stacks, results that are consistent with the images obtained by microscopic techniques. The results show the power of noncovalent bonds in self-assembly processes that can lead to electrically conducting nanoscale supramolecular wires.

title: Chemical and constitutional influences in the self-assembly of functional supramolecular XXXX -bonded nanoscopic fibres.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

answer: @entity3884 :: (MESH:D006859,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3001 ( @entity3001 , LB) is a systemic @entity7545 . Its symptoms include dermatological changes and systemic manifestations such as musculoskeletal, neurologic, and cardiac. The etiologic agent of LB is a spirochete known as @entity2069 (B.b.) with rodents and small mammals as its animal reservoir. In Poland, there are approximately 9-10 cases of the disease per 100,000 inhabitants each year. OBJECTIVE: Analyis of the incidence of @entity3001 and the clinical picture of the disease among foresters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research material consisted of data collected in a diagnostic survey conducted by use of a survey questionnaire method. The study involved 100 randomly selected workers of the forest inspectorate in Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Group I consisted of @entity1 between 30-45 years old with an average length of service of 14 years (48%); group II consisted of @entity1 between 45-55 years old with an average length of service of 24 years (52%). RESULTS: Only 25% of the foresters from the first group, younger in age and with shorter service, had never been bitten by a tick, while 60% were bitten once, and 15% had been repeatedly bitten. In the second group, older in age and with longer service, only 3% had never been bitten by a tick, 35% were bitten once, while 62% had been repeatedly bitten. LB was diagnosed in 30% of the research @entity1 from the first group and in 45% from the second group. Most frequently, LB was diagnosed as a result of the presence of @entity8831 (55%), ELISA test (20%), and Western Blot test (22%). The most frequent symptoms among the @entity1 were: @entity8831 (45%), fever and shivers (35%), @entity925 and cramps (15%), other symptoms (5%). Permanent presence of symptoms was reported by 70% of the @entity1 , 25% experienced symptoms periodically, and 5% only sporadically. CONCLUSIONS: LB occurs more frequently among foresters older in age and with longer service (45%); in the younger group--30%. Despite knowledge on preventive methods, there is no effective preventive method for this disease.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX among workers of forest inspectorates in Poland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis', 'Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne disease']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Performing exercise tests in @entity1 with an @entity737 ( @entity737 ) presents specific challenges because of susceptibility to @entity943 during maximal levels of exertion. The purpose of this paper is to outline the exercise testing protocol from the Anti-Arrhythmic Effects of Exercise after an @entity737 trial and to report baseline test results and safety outcomes using the protocol. METHODS AND RESULTS: Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed to assess levels of physical fitness as part of a randomized trial of walking exercise in @entity1 with ICDs. Subjects were randomized after baseline testing to aerobic exercise plus usual care or usual care alone. A modified Balke treadmill exercise test was used and specific @entity737 programming procedures were implemented to avoid unnecessary shocks, which included programming off @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) therapies during testing. To date, 161 baseline tests have been performed. One @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) @entity1167 occurred following completion of an exercise test and three tests were stopped by the investigators due to nonsustained @entity1165 . Eleven subjects were not able to achieve maximum exercise, defined as reaching an anaerobic threshold (AT) at baseline testing. There have been no deaths as a result of exercise testing. CONCLUSIONS: Symptom-limited maximal exercise testing can be performed safely and effectively in @entity1 with ICDs for both primary and secondary prevention indications. Specific strategies for @entity737 programming and preparation for treating @entity943 needs to be in place before exercise testing is performed.

title: Development and safety of an exercise testing protocol for XXXX with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator for primary or secondary indication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of @entity2816 analogue @entity42335 on @entity7499 in the @entity95 model. METHODS: @entity7499 was induced in 15 @entity95 by a silk suture in the @entity2687 . At 1 week after suturing, 30 eyes were divided into 5 groups of 6 eyes each. Three groups were treated with topical @entity42335 at 3 different concentrations: 0.25% (group 1), 0.5% (group 2), and 1.0% (group 3). All treatments were performed twice a day for a week. A 0.5% concentration of @entity42335 was injected subconjunctivally once in group 4. In group 5, a topical balanced salt solution was added twice a day for a week as the experimental control group. @entity95 corneas were photographed by a digital camera and examined by the operating microscope. Half of the corneal specimens were analyzed histopathologically, and the other half were used to measure the concentration of @entity5 @entity39 factor a and @entity94 ( @entity94 ) messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The neovascularized area was decreased in all treatment groups compared with the control group. There was a significant difference in the percentage and score of @entity7499 between the control and all treatment groups. @entity32 , fibroblast, neovascularization, and anti- @entity94 antibody intensities were significantly lower in the control group. The concentration of @entity94 and @entity5 @entity39 factor a was significantly lower in the control group. There was no difference between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Topical and subconjunctival administration of @entity2816 analogue @entity42335 was found to be effective for the @entity7499 .

title: The inhibitory effect of @entity2816 analogue on @entity7499 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal neovascularization', 'inhibition of corneal neovascularization', 'corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity94 :: ('100008899(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 @entity1 with @entity737 ( @entity737 ) or an @entity1479 for resynchronization therapy often visit the hospital for unscheduled examinations, placing a great burden on healthcare providers. We hypothesized that Internet-based remote interrogation systems could reduce emergency healthcare visits. METHODS AND RESULTS: This multicenter randomized trial involving 200 @entity1 compared remote monitoring with standard @entity1 management consisting of scheduled visits and @entity1 response to audible @entity1479 alerts. The primary end point was the rate of emergency department or urgent in-office visits for @entity712 , @entity943 , or @entity1479 -related events. Over 16 months, such visits were 35% less frequent in the remote arm (75 versus 117; incidence density, 0.59 versus 0.93 events per year; P=0.005). A 21% difference was observed in the rates of total healthcare visits for @entity712 , @entity943 , or @entity1479 -related events (4.40 versus 5.74 events per year; P<0.001). The time from an @entity1479 alert condition to review of the data was reduced from 24.8 days in the standard arm to 1.4 days in the remote arm (P<0.001). The @entity1 ' clinical status, as measured by the Clinical Composite Score, was similar in the 2 groups, whereas a more favorable change in quality of life (Minnesota Living With @entity712 Questionnaire) was observed from the baseline to the 16th month in the remote arm (P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Remote monitoring reduces emergency department/urgent in-office visits and, in general, total healthcare use in @entity1 with @entity1479 or defibrillators for resynchronization therapy. Compared with standard follow-up through in-office visits and audible @entity1479 alerts, remote monitoring results in increased efficiency for healthcare providers and improved quality of care for @entity1 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00873899.

title: Remote monitoring reduces healthcare use and improves quality of care in @entity712 @entity1 with implantable defibrillators: the evolution of management strategies of XXXX @entity1 with implantable defibrillators (EVOLVO) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current methods to assess the prognosis of @entity263 at the time of diagnosis are limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether molecular markers of cell cycle regulation ( @entity588 and @entity876 ) and @entity7499 (beta-3 integrin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and microvessel density) are associated with increased long-term risk for @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity263 . DESIGN: Observational cohort study from 1991 to 2006. SETTING: The Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in New England. @entity1 : Among 64 545 veterans at least 50 years of age, 1313 @entity1 who had incident @entity263 from 1991 to 1995 were identified. Clinical data were available for 1270 @entity1 and complete for 1172 @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Data were extracted from medical records, including @entity1 age, race, and comorbid conditions, as well as @entity5 -related anatomical extent, histologic grade (Gleason score), @entity1486 level, symptoms, and treatment. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue obtained at diagnosis, which used antibodies against the selected markers, were also conducted. Proportional hazards analysis was used to evaluate the association of these factors with @entity204 from @entity263 through 2006. RESULTS: At diagnosis, the median age was 72 years, the median @entity1486 level was 10.0 microg/L, and most @entity5 were moderately differentiated. During an 11- to 16-year follow-up, 71.8% (842 of 1172) of @entity1 died, with 21.5% (181 of 842) of deaths attributable to @entity263 . Among 1007 @entity1 with results for all pertinent markers and after adjustment for age and clinical characteristics, @entity588 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for positive vs. negative staining, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.01 to 2.57]; P = 0.045), @entity876 (adjusted HR for positive vs. negative staining, 1.48 [CI, 1.06 to 2.08]; P = 0.022), and microvessel density (adjusted HR for highest vs. lowest quartile, 3.20 [CI, 1.77 to 5.78]; P < 0.001) were associated with @entity204 from @entity263 . LIMITATIONS: Results may be affected by residual confounding. Some @entity1 were not included in complete case analyses because information was not available from clinical care records (7.5%) or tissue staining (12.6%). CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical evidence of @entity588 , @entity876 , or high microvessel density in @entity263 biopsy specimens at diagnosis is associated with an increased long-term risk for @entity204 from @entity263 . PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration.

title: Molecular markers and @entity204 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A range of novel @entity16098 fungicides, inhibitors of the @entity4588 dehydrogenase enzyme (SDH, EC 1.3.5.1) is currently being introduced to the crop protection market. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of structurally distinct @entity16098 on target site resistance development and to assess possible impact on fitness. We used a UV mutagenesis approach in @entity37918 , a key pathogen of @entity3505 to compare the nature, frequencies and impact of target mutations towards five subclasses of @entity16098 . From this screen we identified 27 @entity535 substitutions occurring at 18 different positions on the 3 subunits constituting the @entity12931 binding (Qp) site of the enzyme. The nature of substitutions and cross resistance profiles indicated significant differences in the binding interaction to the enzyme across the different inhibitors. Pharmacophore elucidation followed by docking studies in a tridimensional SDH model allowed us to propose rational hypotheses explaining some of the differential behaviors for the first time. Interestingly all the characterized substitutions had a negative impact on enzyme efficiency, however very low levels of enzyme activity appeared to be sufficient for cell survival. In order to explore the impact of mutations on pathogen fitness in vivo and in planta, homologous recombinants were generated for a selection of mutation types. In vivo, in contrast to previous studies performed in @entity375 and other organisms, SDH mutations did not result in a major increase of reactive @entity26 species levels and did not display any significant fitness penalty. However, a number of Qp site mutations affecting enzyme efficiency were shown to have a biological impact in planta.Using the combined approaches described here, we have significantly improved our understanding of possible resistance mechanisms to @entity16098 and performed preliminary fitness penalty assessment in an economically important plant pathogen years ahead of possible resistance development in the field.

title: Mutagenesis and functional studies with @entity4588 dehydrogenase inhibitors in the @entity3505 pathogen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity37918 :: ('1047171', 'Species') :: ['Mycosphaerella graminicola']

entities_list: @entity16098 :: ('CHEBI:37622', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxamides', 'carboxamide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity37918 :: (1047171,Species) :: ['Mycosphaerella graminicola']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 and @entity5 of low-grade malignancy can be safely removed laparoscopically. METHODS: Seven @entity1 were considered candidates for laparoscopic resection of @entity356 . Inclusion criteria included small @entity5 size (less than 6 cm), exophytic or endophytic @entity5 morphology, and benign characteristics. Indications for surgical intervention included @entity548 , @entity353 , and need for tissue diagnosis. @entity1 ranged in age from 38 to 70. There were five female and two male @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent preoperative upper GI endoscopy. The procedures were performed using a four- or five-port technique. An Endo-GIA (US Surgical Company, Norwalk, Connecticut) was used to amputate those @entity5 located on the serosal surface of the stomach. @entity5 on the mucosal surface were exposed via a gastrotomy, then likewise amputated using an Endo-GIA. The gastrotomy closure was then either hand sewn or stapled. Operating time ranged from 95 to 225 min. RESULTS: Final pathologic diagnoses included @entity362 , @entity706 , @entity2909 , and @entity1822 . There was a 28% conversion rate. There were no complications. Length of postoperative stay ranged from 4 to 7 days. There have been no @entity5 recurrences in 6-38-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive management of benign and low-grade @entity356 can be performed safely with excellent short- and long-term results.

title: Minimally invasive management of low-grade and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Benign gastric tumors', 'gastric tumors']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['benign gastric tumors']


abstract: Halitosis can be a crippling social problem, and standard dental treatments and mouthwashes often provide only temporary relief. The mouth is home to hundreds of bacterial species that produce several fetid substances as a result of protein degradation. Volatile @entity599 compound (VSC)-producing bacteria colonizing the lingual dorsum have recently been implicated in the generation of @entity7868 . Detection of VSCs, such as @entity24591 and @entity9736 , via organoleptic and objective methods, can aid in the identification of their source. Following comprehensive evaluation for possible causes, most @entity7868 in @entity1 seen in an ENT practice can be localized to the tongue. We review methods of diagnosis and treatment of oral malodor from the overgrowth of proteolytic, anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria on the crevices of the lingual dorsum. Bacteriologic analysis of biofilm and scraped specimens obtained from the lingual dorsum and other oral sites, primarily @entity5951 and tonsillar crypts, can identify VSC-producing bacteria. Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Actinobacillus, and Fusobacterium species are the most common organisms identified. Halitosis is an oral phenomenon, with almost no cases originating distal to the tonsils. Halitosis arising from the lingual dorsum secondary to overpopulated VSC-producing bacteria can be successfully managed with a combination of mechanical cleansing using tongue brushes or scrapes and chemical solutions containing essential oils, @entity26410 , and @entity4410 .

title: The relationship between oral malodor and volatile XXXX compound-producing bacteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7868 :: ('MESH:D006209', 'Disease') :: ['halitosis']

entities_list: @entity24591 :: ('MESH:C005231', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercaptan']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfite']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity26410 :: ('MESH:C016837', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc chloride']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['gingival pockets']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite some success in controlling @entity11738 with repeated mass drug administration (MDA), some hyperendemic regions are not responding as fast as anticipated. Available data suggests that individuals with higher @entity2348 loads are less likely to @entity281 following a single dose of treatment, and thus remain a source of @entity281 following treatment. We assessed the potential impact of a new double-dose antibiotic distribution strategy in addition to enhanced @entity2652 (F) and environmental improvements (E). METHODS: Using a within-community mathematical model of @entity11738 transmission we assessed the impact of a new double-dose antibiotic distribution strategy given 2  weeks apart, with and without enhanced F_E. We compared the annual double-dose strategy to single-dose annual MDA treatment in hyper-, meso- and hypoendemic settings, and to biannual MDA at 6-monthly intervals in hyperendemic communities. RESULTS: The findings from our mathematical model suggest that implementing the new double-dose strategy for 5  years or less was predicted to control @entity281 more successfully than annual or 6-monthly treatment. Infection was controlled more readily if treatment was combined with enhanced F_E. The results appeared robust to variation in a number of key epidemiological parameters. To have long-term impact on transmission, enhanced F_E is essential for high transmission settings. CONCLUSION: Our current findings are based on simualtion modelling only, due to lack of epidemilogical data, however they do suggest that the   annual double-dose treatment strategy is encouraging for @entity11738 control. In high transmission settings, both MDA and enhanced F_E are needed for sustained control.

title: Enhanced antibiotic distribution strategies and the potential impact of @entity2652 and environmental improvements for the sustained control of XXXX : a modelling study.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['resolve infection', 'infection', 're-emergent infection']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial cleanliness']

answer: @entity11738 :: (MESH:D014141,Disease) :: ['trachoma']


abstract: -Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with low @entity65 and mortality in epidemiological studies. Yet, no randomized trial has examined whether HRT is effective for prevention of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in @entity1 with increased risk. The objective of this study was to determine whether HRT can slow progression of @entity731 , measured as @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in carotid arteries. Carotid @entity121 is an appropriate intermediate end point to investigate clinically relevant effects on atherogenesis. This randomized, controlled, observer-blind, clinical, single-center trial enrolled 321 healthy postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity101 in >/=1 segment of the carotid arteries. For a period of 48 weeks, subjects received either 1 mg/d 17ss- @entity53 continuously plus 0.025 mg @entity2081 for 12 days every month (standard-progestin group), or 1 mg 17ss- @entity53 plus 0.025 mg @entity2081 for 12 days every third month (low-progestin group), or no HRT. Maximum @entity121 in 6 carotid artery segments (common, bifurcation, and internal, both sides) was measured by B-mode ultrasound before and after intervention. HRT did not slow @entity121 progression in carotid arteries. Mean maximum @entity121 in the carotid arteries increased by 0.02+/-0.05 mm in the no HRT group and by 0.03+/-0.05 and 0.03+/-0.05 mm, respectively, in the HRT groups (P:>0.2). HRT significantly decreased LDL @entity165 , @entity2002 , and follicle-stimulating hormone. In conclusion, 1 year of HRT was not effective in slowing progression of subclinical @entity731 in postmenopausal @entity1 at increased risk.

title: Effect of oral postmenopausal hormone replacement on progression of XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased IMT']

entities_list: @entity2081 :: ('MESH:C033273', 'Chemical') :: ['gestodene']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: In order to assess the acute effects of the intraoperative administration of intraperitoneal (IP) @entity3003 with and without intravenous (IV) @entity632 in @entity1 with gynecologic @entity5 , 25 @entity1 were treated at the conclusion of their surgical procedure. Twenty-three had @entity43 and 2 had advanced @entity1204 . Twelve @entity1 received IP @entity3003 and IV @entity632 at the conclusion of their primary cytoreduction. The remaining 13 received IP @entity3003 alone and consisted of 4 reassessment laparotomies for @entity43 , 7 secondary cytoreductions, 1 minilaparotomy for the placement of an IP catheter, and 1 second-look laparoscopy. The median age of the 25 @entity1 was 59 years. Eight @entity1 underwent bowel resections with anastomoses; 2 had ureteral resections and ureteroneocystostomies, 1 required a splenectomy, and 1 underwent a partial hepatic resection. There were no mortalities. Three of the 13 @entity1 who received the IP @entity3003 alone had postoperative fevers with no infectious source, which did not delay discharge. No other morbidity was noted in this group. However, 7 @entity1 who received IV @entity632 along with the IP @entity3003 developed severe @entity1431 requiring antimicrobial and colony-stimulating factor support. One @entity1 required reexploration for @entity86 and also developed a @entity358 . One @entity1 developed @entity86 . The median hospital stay for the 25 @entity1 was 9 days. Intraoperative chemotherapy can be administered with tolerable immediate adverse effects.

title: Feasibility of intraoperative administration of chemotherapy for gynecologic XXXX : assessment of acute postoperative morbidity.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage', 'postoperative pneumonia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the experience and outcomes of @entity8924 repair using Lorenz @entity702 orbital implants in one tertiary care center. METHODS: Five-year retrospective chart review of 55 @entity1 who underwent @entity8924 repair with Lorenz @entity702 orbital implants since 2002. The following data were recorded: age; gender; mechanism of injury; prior @entity174 repair; concomitant @entity4858 ; time elapsed between injury and surgery; and preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, @entity892 , extraocular motility, and Hertel exophthalmometry. All @entity1 underwent preoperative CT. Operative data included surgical approach, type of Lorenz implant used, duration of surgery, and presence of extraocular muscle entrapment. Length of follow-up and complications were also recorded. RESULTS: Of those undergoing primary repair, @entity892 in primary gaze was present in 29.3% of @entity1 preoperatively and 0% postoperatively. Severe, moderate, and mild motility restriction in any gaze direction were 5.5%, 14.5%, and 34.5% preoperatively and decreased to 0%, 1.8%, and 7.3% postoperatively. Although only 14.3% of primary repair @entity1 had full extraocular motility prior to surgery, this number increased to 80% after surgical repair. More than 80% of @entity1 achieved symmetry within 1 mm by Hertel exophthalmometry. The authors did not encounter instances of implant extrusion, @entity281 , or eyelid malposition during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8924 repair using Lorenz @entity702 orbital implants provides reliable and reproducible stabilization of orbital wall defects, while offering outstanding functional and cosmetic results comparable with other alloplastic materials.

title: Use of Lorenz @entity702 implants in XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injuries']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['Orbital fracture', 'orbital fracture']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity8924 :: (MESH:D009917,Disease) :: ['orbital fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 belonging to the working class or living in an adverse social environment at particular periods of their life course may have an increased risk of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). METHODS: This hypothesis was examined among @entity1 of the Life Course Socioeconomic Status Study, an ancillary study of the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study, conducted in 2001 (mean age, 67.4 years; N = 12,631). @entity740 was defined by hospital discharge diagnosis and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 45 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (<0.75 mL/s/1.73 m(2)). Social class was categorized as working class or non-working class at ages 30, 40, or 50 years. Area-level socioeconomic status was based on a composite of census scores during the same period. Adjusted odds ratios were obtained within strata of white and African-American race. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratio of @entity740 for @entity1 belonging to the working class versus non-working class at age 30 was 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.0) in whites and 1.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.0) in African Americans. Working class membership was associated with @entity740 , even at earlier stages of adult life, and class was associated more strongly with @entity740 than was education. Working class membership also suggested a stronger association with @entity740 among African Americans than whites, independent of @entity6 and @entity101 status. At later periods in the life course, area socioeconomic status was associated with @entity740 . CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic factors, including area socioeconomic status and social class, are associated with @entity740 and may account for some of the racial disparity in @entity8 .

title: @entity8 in life-course socioeconomic context: the XXXX Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: ECG ST-segment deviations have been the standard measure of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) during the exercise stress test (EST). Our past research has shown other ECG variables to be significant in EST. This study evaluates the benefit of routinely combining these variables in the detection of @entity453 . METHODS: Sequential @entity1 (n = 439) with suspected @entity453 referred for EST had their cases reviewed. Clinical and ECG variables were associated with myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) scintigrams used to detect @entity63 during maximum EST. RESULTS: An increase in P-wave duration was the most sensitive predictor of @entity63 with a sensitivity of 64.3%, a specificity of 86.5%, and a positive predictive power (PPP) of 57.8%. ST elevation >=  1 mm in lead AVR had a sensitivity of 53.1%, a specificity of 78.3%, and a PPP of 41.3%. ST @entity308 >=  1 mm in leads V   -V    had a sensitivity of 11.2%, a specificity of 94.7%, and a PPP of 37.9%. When these variables were combined, specificity and PPP increased to 100% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: EST evaluation solely by ST deviation fails to identify a significant portion of @entity63 cases. Combinations of /\PWD, ST elevation in AVR, and ST @entity308 improved the identification of @entity63 .

title: Enhanced recognition of XXXX by three variable analysis of the exercise stress test.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity292 in developed countries are infrequent and have been associated with instrumental vaginal delivery, manual removal of placenta and surgical complications during caesarean section. We present the diagnosis and treatment of an obstetric fistula of @entity1 without clear risk factors in a developed country. CASE REPORT: The case presented is of a 37 weeks pregnant with history of previous cesarean section. A male of 2,600 g was born after a not prolonged vaginal delivery. In the immediate postpartum period, appeared evident @entity811 and in the exploration a defect was detected in the vaginal anterior face at 3 cm from the urethral meatus. Cystoscopy showed a torn in bladder of 8 cm at the bottom. @entity789 was carried out with omentoplasty. Postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: A @entity789 must be considered in any @entity1 with @entity811 . Early repair is essential for a favorable outcome.

title: [Great XXXX after normal vaginal delivery in a developed country].

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Obstetric fistulas']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['Reparation of vesicovaginal fistula', 'vesicovaginal fistula']

answer: @entity789 :: (MESH:D014719,Disease) :: ['vesicovaginal fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity6875 quality of life questionnaire (GO-QOL) is the first instrument available to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL) of @entity1 with @entity6875 . The main objective of this study was to define a @entity922 ( @entity922 ) in score on the GO-QOL that can be considered an important improvement in HRQL by examining changes in GO-QOL scores in @entity1 who subjectively report improvement from their treatment. A secondary objective was to test the longitudinal validity of the GO-QOL, using prespecified hypotheses about expected treatment effects. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. @entity1 : We included 164 @entity1 who were scheduled for radiotherapy (23), orbital decompression (10 for @entity393 , 38 for exophthalmos), eye muscle surgery (31), eyelid lengthening (43) or blepharoplasty (19). MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 completed the GO-QOL and three general HRQL questionnaires, before and three or six months after treatment, depending on the performed procedure. Clinical characteristics were collected from the medical records. Mean changes in GO-QOL scores and effect sizes were calculated after different treatments, and in subgroups of responders and nonresponders according to clinical characteristics and according to the @entity1 themselves. RESULTS: A clinical response to treatment was associated with a change in GO-QOL scores of approximately 10--20 points after major treatments (radiotherapy or decompression), and with a change of approximately 3--10 points after minor surgery (eye muscle surgery, eyelid lengthening, blepharoplasty). Changes in GO-QOL scores of about 6--10 points were considered important improvements by the @entity1 themselves. The direction and amount of change in GO-QOL scores after different treatments were in accordance with our prespecified hypotheses about treatment effects. Effect sizes in the GO-QOL subscales were generally higher than effect sizes of the general HRQL subscales, supporting the longitudinal validity of the GO-QOL. CONCLUSIONS: As a general guideline, one could consider a mean change of at least 6 points on one or both subscales an important change in daily functioning for @entity1 . For more invasive therapies, a change of at least 10 points is recommended as a @entity922 .

title: Interpretation and validity of changes in scores on the XXXX quality of life questionnaire (GO-QOL) after different treatments.

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['sight loss']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimal clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Graves' ophthalmopathy']


abstract: It is estimated that about half of the population in developed countries are either overweight or @entity28 . In some developing nations @entity28 rates have increased to surpass those seen in Western countries. This rate increase in @entity28 has many implications as @entity28 has been associated with numerous negative health effects including increased risks of @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity65 , @entity64 , @entity409 , @entity386 , and some @entity5 types. Obesity is now considered to be one of the major public health concerns facing the society. @entity201 ( @entity1126 ) are @entity5 arising from cholangiocytes inside or outside of the liver. Although @entity201 are relatively rare, they are highly lethal. The low survival rate associated with @entity201 is due to the advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Prevention is therefore especially important in this @entity5 type. Some data suggest that the incidence of @entity201 in the western world is on the rise. Increasing rate of @entity28 may be one of the factors responsible for this increase. Determining whether @entity28 is a risk factor for @entity201 has significant clinical and societal implications as @entity28 is both prevalent and modifiable. This paper seeks to provide a summary of the current knowledge linking @entity28 and @entity201 , and encourage further research on this topic.

title: Obesity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancers']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangiocarcinomas', 'cholangiocarcinomas', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for @entity1 with @entity5 and trigeminal-related @entity158 . METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of 31 consecutive @entity1 (25 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ) with @entity5 and trigeminal @entity158 who underwent SRS between 1991 and 2008. The @entity5 included 17 @entity1653 , 9 cavernous @entity50 , and 5 trigeminal schwannomas. The median @entity1 age was 62 years (range, 17-81 years). In all cases the @entity5 was the primary target for SRS. The median follow-up after SRS was 50 months (range, 12-184 months). RESULTS: The @entity5 control rate after SRS was 95% at both 3 years and 5 years. Eighteen @entity1 (58%) initially achieved complete resolution of trigeminal @entity158 . Higher maximum dose was associated with initial @entity158 resolution on a multivariate analysis. However, 7 @entity1 had recurrent @entity158 during follow-up. At last follow-up, only 7 @entity1 (23%) remained @entity158 -free off medications. Further treatment in addition to medical therapy was required for 6 @entity1 (19%). CONCLUSION: Although SRS offers excellent @entity5 control for @entity5 , durable relief of @entity5 -related trigeminal @entity158 without medication was noted in only one-fourth of @entity1 at last follow-up.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal @entity158 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'actuarial tumor', 'radiographic tumor', 'benign skull base tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain', 'complete pain']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus meningiomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign skull base tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively review the surgical technique, postoperative therapy/splinting protocols, and clinical and radiographic outcomes of @entity1 who had pyrolytic @entity505 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty. METHODS: A total of 50 PIP joint replacements in 35 @entity1 were performed with a minimum follow-up period of 27 months. Indications for surgery included @entity158 , decreased range of motion, instability, and/or deformity. The preoperative diagnosis was @entity571 in 14, @entity309 in 11, and posttraumatic @entity625 in 10. There were 20 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 affected. The average age at the time of surgery was 53 years. The fingers replaced included the index (15), middle (18), ring (10), and small (7). The preoperative arc of motion averaged 40 degrees (0 degrees-60 degrees ), and the pinch and grip measurements averaged 3 and 19 kg, respectively. The preoperative @entity158 scores averaged 6 (scale, of 0-10) on a visual analog space scale. RESULTS: The arc of motion was 47 degrees after surgery, and the average pinch and grip measurements were 4 and 25 kg, respectively. @entity158 scores improved to 1. At the final follow-up evaluation the overall @entity1 satisfaction was nearly 80%. The results of index finger PIP replacements are compatible with other digits. Fourteen joints (in 14 @entity1 ) to date have required additional procedures to improve or maintain joint motion/function or @entity158 ; 5 for minor reasons and 9 for major complications. The revision arthroplasty rate was 8%. No infections were noted. Although not medically necessary, 2 @entity1 requested and had an amputation. Radiographic subsidence and subsequent settling (in accordance with Wolff's law) without apparent loosening occurred in 20 joints. CONCLUSIONS: Our 2-year minimum follow-up evaluation of pyrolytic @entity505 implant arthroplasty showed improved @entity158 relief and good overall @entity1 satisfaction. Twenty-eight percent of @entity1 required a second procedure and 8% required a revision arthroplasty. Radiographs showed gross changes in implant and eventual settling to a stable position in 40% of the joints. A longer follow-up period will help to better determine the efficacy of this implant. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.

title: Pyrolytic XXXX proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty: results with minimum two-year follow-up evaluation.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the pro-apoptotic effects of @entity6108 associated with CIK cells against SKOV3 cells of @entity43 and discusses the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS: CIK cells were induced from umbilicus cord blood. The apoptotic morphology of SKOV3 cells was observed under electron microscope after treated with Cur, CIK cells and Cur associated with CIK cells. The levels of Fas protein on surface of @entity43 cells and @entity12 protein on surface of CIK cells after @entity6108 treatment were determined by Western blot. The inhibition rates on proliferation of CIK cells and Cur associated with CIK cells after addition of @entity12 monoclonal antibody were detected by ( @entity2454 ) @entity98 . RESULTS: The changes of apoptotic morphology in the group of Cur associated with CIK cells were most obvious compared with that in the group of Cur or CIK cells alone. Cur could promote the expression of Fas on surface of SKOV3 cells and @entity12 on membranes of CIK cells. The inhibition rates on proliferation in the group of CIK cells and Cur associated with CIK cells could be restrained obviously after an addition of anti-FasmAb. CONCLUSION: The pro-apoptotic effects of SKOV3 cells increase with the combined use of Cur and CIK cells. The mechanism may be that Cur can promote the expression of Fas protein on cell surface of SKOV3 cells and @entity12 protein on cell membrane of CIK cells so as to up-regulate the expression of Fas protein in SKOV3 cells and lead ultimately to the a higher expression of @entity522 .

title: [Pro-apoptotic effects of @entity6108 associated with CIK cells against XXXX cells].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: The dendritic cell (DC) is a potentially promising tool for @entity5 immunotherapy. To date, however, DC-based immunotherapy has not yielded data with which firm conclusions can be drawn. In the present study, we tested the dose-dependant enhancement of the anti- @entity5 effect induced by DCs. When large numbers of DCs were used, @entity5 growth was suppressed up to 41% when compared to control @entity19 . Survival of the animals was prolonged to 54 days compared to the 33-day survival the control @entity19 . The @entity56 ( @entity56 ) response induced was 26-fold higher than in the controls. Larger numbers of DCs also led to higher expansion of @entity60 -secreting-CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-12p70 and @entity60 by spleen cells were enhanced in proportion to the dosage. However, the level of @entity58 secreted from spleen cells was negligible compared to the level of @entity60 that was released. These results indicate that DCs induce @entity630 -dominant immune response and that more DCs could lead to better immunological results, a finding which was consistent with our therapeutic results.

title: Larger numbers of immature dendritic cells augment an anti- XXXX effect against established @entity19 melanoma cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['DTH', 'delayed-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Three-dimensional organotypic culture using reconstituted basement membrane matrix ( @entity31464 -D) is an invaluable tool to characterize morphogenesis of epithelial cells and to elucidate the @entity5 -modulating actions of extracellular matrix. microRNAs (miRNA) are a novel class of @entity5 modulating genes. A substantial amount of investigation of miRNAs in @entity5 is carried out using monolayer 2-D culture on plastic substratum, which lacks a consideration of the matrix-mediated regulation of miRNAs. In the current study we compared the expression of miRNAs in @entity31464 -D and 2-D cultures of two @entity2220 cell lines. Our findings revealed a profound difference in miRNA profiles between 2-D and @entity31464 -D cultures of @entity2220 cells. The @entity31464 -D culture-specific miRNA profile was highlighted with higher expression of the @entity5 suppressive miRNAs (i.e., miR-200 family) and lower expression of the oncogenic miRNAs (i.e., @entity10014 cluster and @entity10017 ) than that of 2-D culture. Moreover, the expression pattern of @entity12425 , @entity10017 , and @entity23106 in @entity31464 -D culture correlated with the expression of their targets and acinar morphogenesis, a differentiation behavior of lung epithelial cells in @entity31464 -D culture. Over-expression of @entity10017 suppressed its target @entity983 and disrupted acinar morphogenesis. In summary, we provide the first miRNA profile of @entity2220 cells in @entity31464 -D culture with respect to acinar morphogenesis. These results indicate that @entity31464 -D culture is essential to a comprehensive understanding of the miRNA biology in lung epithelial cells pertinent to @entity2220 .

title: Comparative profiling of miRNA expression of XXXX cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures.

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chiari type I @entity600 is a @entity4670 that is characterized by the caudal extension of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum into the cervical canal and by a reduced posterior fossa volume. METHODS: We report our surgical technique of reposition, reduction, or resection of the cerebellar tonsils for the management of @entity1645 . The procedure was performed in 22 adult @entity1 , in three different centers, with a mean age of 37 years. Clinical complaints included @entity10 , nuchalgia, vertigo, and @entity425 or @entity1183 . Seven @entity1 had cervical @entity1644 . Symptoms developed within a mean time of 36 months (range, 12-70 months). RESULTS: The cerebellar tonsils were exposed through a dura mater-arachnoid incision at the atlanto-occipital space after a 0.5-cm rimming craniectomy of the occipital bone in all @entity1 . In seven @entity1 the tonsils were resected, in other seven were reduced by @entity3459 and aspiration, and in the remaining eight @entity1 the tonsils were repositioned after coagulating their surfaces. Three @entity1 had also a posterior fossa @entity145 that was fenestrated in two of them. All @entity1 improved postoperatively. @entity1644 was reduced in five of seven @entity1 . The mean length of the follow-up period was 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Selective reposition, reduction, or resection of @entity3976 may improve symptoms in adult @entity1 with @entity1645 .

title: "Triple R" tonsillar technique for the management of adult XXXX : surgical note.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['Syringomyelia', 'syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorder']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniated cerebellar tonsils']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['upper-limb weakness']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['subpial coagulation']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: The jet-wash technique is an efficient method for diagnosing the @entity1204 . Among 750 @entity1 we detected 50 endometrium carcinomata all of which were diagnosed by the jet-wash method. Wrongly positive findings do not exist in our series of examinations. Of the pre-stages of the @entity1204 , such as @entity1412 and @entity420 in situ, however, only scarcely 50 per cent of all cases were diagnosed. The jet-wash method is also suited for outpatient clinics. Thus, @entity1 with risk-factors for the @entity1204 might be controlled annually once in outpatient clinics in addition to the usual @entity5 prophylactic examinations. Above all, we consider 1. @entity1 suffering from @entity548 anomalies as from the 40th year of age, 2. @entity1 free from any symptoms, but suffering from @entity28 , @entity101 and @entity6 , 3. @entity1 with an increased @entity7908 risk, 4. @entity1 of the perimeno-pause prior to an @entity172 treatment and 5. @entity5 post-care @entity1 suffering from a primarily radiated @entity1204 . The direct smears and the cytocentrifuge preparations can be diagnosed right on the day of examination. The thrombin cell block technique requires more work for a cytological laboratory. For a histological laboratory it might not mean any additional essential burden.

title: [The diagnostic reliability of the jet-wash technique with regard to the diagnostic of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrium carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrium carcinoma']


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity1 with primary recurrent @entity11 and @entity463 , were treated with @entity3600 ( @entity3600 ) and the @entity4664 inhibitor @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ). There were 5 brain stem, 1 cerebellar, and 32 supratentorial @entity5 . All had been treated with surgery (except in the case of 4 @entity3308 for which biopsies were not obtained) and radiotherapy. Eight @entity1 had received prior chemotherapy. Of the 21 @entity1 with evaluable supratentorial @entity11 , 2 (9.5%) had a partial response and 10 (47.6%) had stable disease. The median time to @entity5 progression for the @entity11 has not been attained yet. However, median survival for these 12 @entity1 was 119 weeks measured from the initiation of chemotherapy. Median survival for the entire anaplastic glioma group of 21 was 56 weeks. Minimal activity was seen against @entity463 multiforme. The median time to @entity5 progression was 8 weeks with median survival of 21 weeks. Of the 5 @entity1 with @entity3308 , 3 are alive with stable disease at 77, 93, and 220 weeks. The combination was well tolerated with dose-limiting @entity137 being myelosuppression and @entity393 . Further trials are warranted to compare the combination of @entity3600 and @entity11747 against @entity3600 alone in a prospective randomized trial.

title: Treatment of recurrent @entity11 with @entity3600 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glioma tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['BCNU', '1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-difluoromethylornithine', 'DFMO']

answer: @entity11747 :: (CHEBI:41948,Chemical) :: ['alpha-difluoromethylornithine']


abstract: @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) are fatal @entity179 that are based on the misfolding of a cellular prion protein ( @entity3669 ) into an infectious, pathological conformation ( @entity36320 (Sc)). There is proof-of-principle evidence that a prion vaccine is possible but this is tempered with concerns of the potential dangers associated with induction of immune responses to a widely-expressed self-protein. By targeting epitopes that are specifically exposed upon protein misfolding, our group developed a vaccine that induces @entity36320 (Sc)-specific antibody responses. Here we consider the ability of this polyclonal antibody (SN6b) to bind to a mutant of @entity3669 associated with spontaneous @entity1579 . Polyclonal antibodies were selected to mimic the vaccination outcome and also explore all possible protein conformations of the recombinant @entity291 prion protein with mutation @entity41930 [bPrP( @entity41930 )]. This mutant is a homolog of the @entity1 @entity23851 mutation of @entity3669 that is associated with early onset of @entity303 . With nanopore analysis, under non-denaturing conditions, we observed binding of the SN6b antibody to bPrP( @entity41930 ). This interaction was confirmed through ELISAs as well as immunoprecipitation of the recombinant and cellularly expressed forms of bPrP( @entity41930 ). This interaction did not promote formation of a protease resistant conformation of @entity36320 in vitro. Collectively, these findings support the disease-specific approach for immunotherapy of @entity1579 but also suggest that the concept of conformation-specific immunotherapy may be complicated in individuals who are genetically predisposed to @entity3669 misfolding.

title: Binding of XXXX @entity41930 @entity36320 (C) by @entity36320 (Sc)-specific antibodies: potential implications for immunotherapy of @entity1579 .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['familial dementia']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['TSEs', 'prion disease', 'prion diseases', 'Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a @entity1 with bicornuate rudimentary uterine horns with functioning endometrium and complete cervical-vaginal agenesis coexisting with @entity43 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): A 37-year-old @entity1 with an extremely rare @entity14258 coexisting with @entity43 . INTERVENTION(S): Resection of the rudimentary uterine horns with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Relief from @entity2371 after the operative procedure. RESULT(S): The definite diagnosis and removal of the @entity154 and @entity46 foci. CONCLUSION(S): Cyclic @entity2371 since the age of 14 was due to cryptomenorrhoea in the presence of the bicornuate rudimentary uterine horns with functioning endometrium and cervical-vaginal agenesis. @entity43 developed as a result. In such cases, invasive procedures, such as laparoscopy or laparotomy, should be considered to establish the diagnosis. Removing the functioning rudimentary uterine horns just after menarche should prevent the development of @entity46 and @entity15111 .

title: Bicornuate rudimentary uterine horns with functioning endometrium and complete cervical-vaginal agenesis coexisting with XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['m  llerian anomaly']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriosis', 'Ovarian endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity14258 :: ('MESH:C537371', 'Disease') :: ['m  llerian anomaly of the uterus and vagina']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity15111 :: ('MESH:D006409', 'Disease') :: ['hematometra']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian endometriosis']