abstract: @entity1082 )-based management of @entity1 with borderline @entity10479 ( @entity10479 ) or mildly abnormal @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) cervical cytology has been extensively studied in the research setting. We wished to assess safety and health care resource use of a real-life health care policy using HPV triaging. All 15 outpatient clinics involved in the organized population-based screening program in Stockholm, Sweden screening program were randomized to either continue with prior policy (colposcopy of all @entity1 with @entity10479 / @entity3146 ) or to implement a policy with HPV triaging and colposcopy only of HPV-positive @entity1 . The trial enrolled the 3,319 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity10479 (n = 1,335) or @entity3146 (n = 1,984) in Stockholm during 17th March 2003 to 16th January 2006. Detection of high-grade @entity75 (CINII+) and health care cost consumption was studied by registry linkages. The proportion of histopathology-verified CINII+ was similar for the two policies (395 of 1,752 @entity1 (22.5%; 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 20.6-24.6%) had CINII+ diagnosed with HPV triaging policy, 318 of 1,567 @entity1 (20.3%; 95%CI: 18.3-22.4%) had CINII+ with colposcopy policy). Sixty-four percent of @entity1 with @entity10479 and 77% of @entity1 with @entity3146 were HPV positive. HPV-positivity was age-dependent, with 81% of @entity1 below 35 years of age and 44% of @entity1 above 45 years of age testing HPV-positive. HPV triaging was cost-effective only above 35 years of age. In conclusion, a real-life randomized healthservices study of HPV triaging of @entity1 with @entity10479 / @entity3146 demonstrated similar detection of CINII+ as colposcopy of all @entity1 .

title: Randomized healthservices study of XXXX -based management of low-grade cytological abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['ASCUS', 'atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CINI']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: AIMS: The study objective was to investigate the safety and tolerability of up-titration to high doses of taspoglutide, a once-weekly @entity1 @entity5445 analogue, in subjects with Type 2 @entity6 inadequately controlled on @entity2449 alone. METHODS: In this double-blind phase II trial, subjects were randomized to placebo or taspoglutide (20 mg; three separate groups) administered once weekly by subcutaneous injection for 4 weeks. This was followed by dose maintenance at 20 mg, or titration to 30 mg (20/30) or 40 mg (20/40) once weekly with matched placebo for an additional 4 weeks. Subjects were monitored for adverse events (AEs) throughout the study and 4-week follow-up. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-nine subjects were randomized and treated [mean age 57 years, mean baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), 7.9%]. The most frequently reported AEs were @entity390 and @entity391 . The number of @entity1 reporting @entity344 did not increase following titration to higher doses of @entity22259 or when continuing the initial 20 mg regimen. Three subjects were withdrawn from the study as a result of @entity344 (one before and two after titration to higher doses). Although not designed to investigate efficacy, improvement in glycaemic control was observed in all active arms of the study. The proportion of subjects achieving HbA(1c) < 7.0% after 8 weeks of treatment was 72, 53 and 70% in the 20/20-, 20/30- and 20/40-mg arms, respectively, vs. 19% for placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Taspoglutide was safe, well tolerated at high doses and efficacious for lowering HbA(1c). Up-titration of dose was not associated with a worsening AE profile.

title: Safety and tolerability of high doses of taspoglutide, a once-weekly @entity1 GLP-1 analogue, in @entity6 @entity1 treated with XXXX : a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal AEs']

entities_list: @entity22259 :: ('MESH:C541736', 'Chemical') :: ['taspoglutide']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Direct recommendation from health care professionals has been shown to generally increase @entity14 rates in the United States. However, data for rural, underserved communities are limited. OBJECTIVE: To increase @entity14 rates at a rural @entity497 ( @entity497 ) by increasing health care professionals' awareness of @entity1 ' screening eligibility. METHODS: @entity1 were health care professionals at a @entity497 treating @entity1 eligible for @entity14 (defined as @entity1 aged 50-74 years who visited the @entity497 between February 24, 2014, and March 15, 2014, and whose electronic medical records [EMRs] had no recording of @entity14 ). For a 3-week period, these @entity1 added electronic reminders to eligible @entity1 ' EMRs. Data reports for the screening rates of each @entity1 , in addition to the overall @entity497 , were generated 4 weeks after the study period and compared with screening rates in 2013. RESULTS: Five health care professionals volunteered to participate. No statistically significant difference was found in screening rates of @entity1 compared with overall clinic rates between the 2013 (P=.639) and 2014 (P=.583) sample dates. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall @entity497 screening rates (P=.052), which were 47.69% and 40.84% in 2013 and 2014, respectively. During the study period, 99 eligible @entity1 were seen. An incidental finding revealed a substantial EMR flaw in uniform data system reporting measures: self-reported @entity14 screenings by @entity1 , without official documentation provided, were documented in an EMR section that is not retrieved during uniform data system reporting. CONCLUSION: No associated change in @entity14 rates was found at the @entity497 after increasing @entity1 ' awareness of @entity1 ' screening eligibility using electronic flagging. However, @entity14 results cannot be reported with certainty given that incidental documentation and data collection discrepancies were found.

title: Quality Improvement Measures for Increasing the XXXX at a Community Health Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health center', 'CHC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer screening', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy on @entity834 and @entity166 after @entity5 surgery. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing restorative proctectomy for @entity5 between 01/2008 and 12/2013 were divided into four groups according to the perioperative lowest haemoglobin (Hgb) level and transfusion status: Group 1 with Hgb level >= 10 g/dL, Group 2 >= 7 and <10 g/dL, who did not receive transfusion, and Group 3 with Hgb level >= 7 and <10 g/dL and Group 4 <7 g/dL, both of which received a transfusion. Clinical characteristics, @entity834 and @entity166 within 30 days of surgery were compared. RESULTS: There were 398 @entity1 (66% males) with a mean age of 59.3  11.9 years. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 included 162 (40.7%), 163 (41.0%), 47 (11.8%) and 26 (6.5%) @entity1 , respectively. Perioperative characteristics were significantly different among groups regarding neoadjuvant chemo/radiotherapy use, preoperative albumin and Hgb levels, operative approach and @entity190 , @entity5 size and stage, surgical margin involvement and histologic differentiation. The unadjusted rates of overall @entity166 were 17.2%, 27.6%, 36.2% and 50% in the Group 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (p=0.001). In the multivariate analysis, compared to Group 2, Group 3 was associated with an increased likelihood of organ/space surgical site infections (SSIs) (OR=3.63, 95%, CI:1.29-10.22, p=0.01) with no significant differences in terms of @entity834 , overall SSIs or overall @entity166 . CONCLUSION: Blood transfusion of hemodynamically stable @entity1 with Hgb level >= 7 g/dL is associated with increased organ/space SSIs in @entity5 surgery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Impact of a restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy on XXXX and @entity166 after restorative surgery for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: @entity17640 are rare and are usually discovered incidentally during diagnostic imaging, surgery, or autopsy. Most cystic lesions of the adrenal gland are nonfunctioning and become symptomatic when complicated by rupture, @entity548 , or @entity281 . A 40-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of gradual-onset @entity158 in her left flank region at 20 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound showed a 20-cm cystic mass in her left abdominal cavity. Pertinent laboratory tests were within normal limits. The @entity1 underwent exploratory laparotomy, which revealed a 20   15-cm left adrenal cyst; thus, we performed left adrenalectomy with complete excision of the cyst. Histological examination confirmed a hemorrhagic @entity774 . The @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course, and subsequent routine obstetric ultrasound examinations showed normal fetal activity and development until the pregnancy terminated with a @entity2209 caused by @entity1468 at 34 weeks' gestation. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the 12th reported case of @entity774 discovered during pregnancy. We analyze the clinicopathologic findings and discuss the possible association of pregnancy, with special reference to etiopathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.

title: Giant hemorrhagic XXXX in a primiparous pregnancy: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity17640 :: ('MESH:C538015', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal cysts']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal pseudocyst']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal pseudocyst']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the risk factors of, and the strategy for early diagnosis of cerebral @entity432 (CVSO) secondary to traumatic @entity1545 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical data of 240 consecutive @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical symptoms were observed and imaging was carried out. The risk factors of CVSO were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. Early diagnosis of CVSO was established based on the clinical and imaging features. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 were diagnosed to be having CVSO according to the findings of computerized tomographic venogram (CTV) and magnetic resonance venogram (MRV). They were classified into three sub-types ( @entity715 occlusion type, compression type, and mixed type). A @entity174 crossing the sinus (odds ratio [OR] =8.026; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.107-20.734) and an @entity4282 crossing the sinus (OR = 3.062; 95% CI: 1.355-6.921) were risk factors associated with CVSO, and the former played a more significant role. The female gender (OR = 0.306; 95% CI: 1.715-61.943) was the risk factor for the @entity715 occlusion type of CVSO. An @entity4282 crossing the sinus (OR = 5.653; 95% CI: 1.767-18.084) was the risk factor of the compression type of CVSO. The past medical history of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) (OR = 11.276; 95% CI: 1.315-96.664) combined with a @entity174 and @entity4282 crossing the sinus were risk factors for the mixed type of CVSO. CONCLUSIONS: Paying close attention to the past medical history of @entity1150 , @entity174 , and the imaging finding of an @entity4282 that crosses the sinus are necessary for the early diagnosis of CVSO. CTV and MRV help in making an early diagnosis of CVSO.

title: Risk factors and early diagnosis of cerebral @entity432 secondary to traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['skull fracture']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: one of the key targets in treating @entity339 ( @entity339 ) is reducing the otherwise progressive left ventricular (LV) remodeling that exacerbates @entity339 and conveys adverse prognosis. We have previously demonstrated that severing 2 second-order chordae to the anterior mitral leaflet relieves tethering and ischemic @entity339 acutely. The purpose of this study was to test whether this technique reduces the progression of LV remodeling in the chronic ischemic @entity339 setting. METHODS AND RESULTS: a posterolateral @entity583 was created in 18 @entity742 by obtuse marginal branch ligation. After chronic remodeling and @entity339 development at 3 months, 6 @entity742 were randomized to sham surgery (control group) and 12 to second-order chordal cutting (6 each to anterior leaflet [AntL] and bileaflet [BiL] chordal cutting, techniques that are in clinical application). At baseline, chronic @entity1188 (3 months), and follow-up at a mean of 6.6 months @entity583 ( @entity583 ) (euthanasia), we measured LV end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic volume ( @entity5778 ), ejection fraction, wall motion score index, and posterior leaflet (PL) restriction angle relative to the annulus by 2D and 3D echocardiography. All measurements were comparable among groups at baseline and chronic @entity583 . At euthanasia, AntL and BiL chordal cutting limited the progressive remodeling seen in controls. LVESV increased relative to chronic @entity583 by 109  8.7% in controls versus 30.5  6.1% with chordal cutting (P<0.01) (LVESV in controls, 82.5  2.6 mL; in AntL, 60.6  5.1 mL; in BiL, 61.8  4.1 mL). LVEDV increased by 63  2.0% in controls versus 26  5.5% and 22  3.4% with chordal cutting (P<0.01). LV ejection fraction and wall motion score index were not significantly different at follow-up among the chordal cutting and control groups. @entity339 progressively increased to moderate in controls but decreased to trace-mild with AntL and BiL chordal cutting ( @entity339 vena contracta in controls, 5.9  1.1 mm; in AntL, 2.6  0.1 mm; in BiL, 1.7  0.1 mm; P<0.01). BiL chordal cutting provided greater PL mobility (decreased PL restriction angle to 54.2  5.0   versus 83  3.2   with AntL chordal cutting; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: reduced leaflet tethering by chordal cutting in the chronic post- @entity583 setting substantially decreases the progression of LV remodeling with sustained reduction of @entity339 over a chronic follow-up. These benefits have the potential to improve clinical outcomes.

title: Relief of mitral leaflet tethering following chronic XXXX by chordal cutting diminishes left ventricular remodeling.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'post-myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and assess their relationship to @entity2840 ( @entity2687 ) in @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity1538 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: GAT, DCT, and @entity2687 were assessed in 116 @entity1 with @entity1538 [mean age 65.9 (10.5); 59% female] participating in the Indianapolis @entity726 Study. GAT and DCT were measured in a randomized order followed by @entity2687 (ultrasonic @entity2687 ) during a single study visit. Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate the limits of agreement between tonometery methodologies whereas multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of @entity2687 on GAT and DCT IOP measurements. RESULTS: IOP values obtained by DCT and GAT showed a strong positive correlation in @entity1 with @entity1538 (r=0.93; P<0.001). Mean IOP measured with DCT [18.4 (5.1) mm Hg] was significantly higher (P<0.001) than GAT IOP measurements [16.5 (4.5) mmHg]. @entity2687 did not seem to influence either GAT or DCT measurements (r=0.1025, P=0.16; r=0.05, P=0.46), respectively. The Bland-Altman data showed that the amount of disagreement between IOP assessment techniques varied, suggesting a proportional bias. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of @entity1 with @entity1538 , there was a strong correlation between GAT and DCT measurements of IOP. IOP measured with DCT was consistently higher than IOP measured with GAT. Neither GAT nor DCT measurements were correlated with @entity2687 . This data suggests that factors other than @entity2687 may be involved in the tendency of DCT to produce higher measures of IOP than GAT.

title: Goldmann applanation tonometry and dynamic contour tonometry are not correlated with XXXX in @entity725 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma Progression']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['CCT', 'corneal pachymetry']

answer: @entity2840 :: (MESH:C563262,Disease) :: ['central corneal thickness']


abstract: We studied natural killer (NK) cell activity and numbers in the peripheral blood obtained from @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) in inactive and convalescent stage, and from healthy controls. Ratios of helper/suppressor cells (OKT4/OKT8) were below 1.0 in @entity1 with active stage and were normal in the convalescent stage of @entity195 . A relative increase of @entity19 + cells and at the same time of @entity4755 + cells was obtained in the active and convalescent @entity195 stages. Double marker analysis revealed that the sub-population of cells expressing both the T8+ and the @entity4755 (T8+/ @entity4755 +) was increased in @entity1 with active stage, and normal in the convalescent stage. The frequency of cells reactive with Leu 11 monoclonal antibody (active NK cells) was evaluated in @entity1 with @entity195 . Data from peripheral blood showed an increased sub-population of T8+/ @entity4755 + double marker cells, and a decreased Leu 11+ cell sub-population in @entity1 with active @entity195 , but the majority of @entity4755 + cells in @entity1 with convalescent stage lacked OKT8 antigen when investigated in a double marker system. A parallel increase of Leu 11+ cells was observed in the convalescent stage. This phenotypic analysis was carried out with the NK in vitro functional evaluation of cell populations from peripheral blood. NK cell activity in the clinically active stage of @entity195 was significantly lower than that of healthy controls and @entity1 in the convalescent stage. The decrease of peripheral blood NK function in @entity1 with active @entity195 may be related to the presence of immature forms of NK cells and/or to the increased percentage of T8+/ @entity4755 + cells.

title: Natural killer cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's disease']


abstract: A recently described platelet coagulant activity, factor X-activating activity (FXAA), was studied in 33 @entity1 with @entity11998 vera and in 5 with essential thrombocythaemia, in order to gain information about possible mechanisms responsible for the @entity74 observed in @entity66 . Other parameters of platelet function including @entity548 time, spontaneous and @entity857 -, @entity1425 - or collagen-induced @entity1423 , @entity750 content and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) production in response to thrombin, were investigated simultaneously. Compared to the range obtained from 27 control subjects (60-150%), FXAA was low in all 9 @entity1 with @entity548 complications (range: 5-39%), in 1 out of 7 @entity1 with @entity715 manifestations (range: 38-200%) and in 9 out of 22 @entity1 without symptoms (range: 38-500%). Only the @entity548 group differed significantly from each of the others. Moreover, of all @entity1 with reduced FXAA, those with @entity548 could be clearly distinguished from those without such symptoms on the basis of the degree of the defect. Increased FXAA (above 150%) was found in 2 out of 7 @entity715 @entity1 and in 2 out of 22 asymptomatics. @entity1865 production was significantly lower in the @entity548 group and enhanced in the @entity715 one as compared to control subjects or asymptomatic @entity1 . However, a large area of overlap was observed between the four groups. None of the other platelet function parameters studied ( @entity548 time, @entity1423 , platelet @entity750 content) correlated with the clinical type of @entity532 . Our results suggest a significant association between reduced FXAA and @entity548 tendency. These findings may be of relevance in understanding the pathogenesis of @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity11998 vera and essential thrombocythaemia.

title: Reduced platelet factor X-activating activity: a possible contribution to @entity548 complications in XXXX vera and essential thrombocythaemia.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['haemostatic complication']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haemostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity11998 :: (MESH:C548016,Disease) :: ['polycythaemia']


abstract: A 67-year-old trout fisherman presented with a six-week history of @entity2011 , @entity4683 , dyspnoea on exertion and the development of subcutaneous extensor surface skin nodules. He was hypercalcaemic with @entity810 . @entity461 was suppressed and @entity560 levels were within normal limits. The @entity1 had a past history of @entity1375 , but thyroid replacement was adequate. @entity1887 , @entity1582 and metastatic malignancy were excluded. Biopsy of a subcutaneous nodule revealed dermally based non-caseating granulomata, consistent with @entity370 . Serum @entity1289 was elevated, and computerized tomography scanning of the chest and abdomen revealed widespread lymphadenopathy with multiple lung nodules and @entity381 . @entity617 therapy produced rapid resolution of his @entity272 and normalization of his bone and renal biochemistry. The mechanism of hypercalcaemia in @entity370 is poorly understood but is thought to involve @entity461 -independent 1-hydroxylation of @entity14257 within @entity75 . This process may be exacerbated by exposure to UV light and it is of interest that this @entity1 developed symptoms after a period of intense trout fishing in the good weather of April and May 2007.

title: A trout fisherman with hypercalcaemia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoadrenalism']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone', 'Parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin lesions']


abstract: Administration of a hapten together with a barrier breaker, such as @entity1068 , into the colon of a @entity35 results in extensive mucosal @entity32 that bears some similarity to the @entity32 characterizing @entity29 in @entity1 . This @entity32 and injury gradually subsides over the weeks after its induction. We have attempted to determine whether this @entity1960 can be "reactivated" by administration of the hapten systemically weeks after its initial intracolonic administration. Six weeks after intracolonic administration of @entity1959 (the hapten) in a vehicle of 50% @entity1068 , most of the colonic @entity32 had subsided. Intravenous administration of the hapten at 24-h intervals over 3 days resulted in reactivation of the @entity1960 , with significant increases in macroscopic and histological damage scores (mucosal @entity32 ) and a significant increase in granulocyte infiltration, as measured by tissue @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) infiltration, as measured by tissue @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity. The increase in @entity1589 activity occurred only in the region previously exposed to the hapten. Intravenous administration of saline did not reactivate the @entity1960 , nor did intravenous administration of the hapten to @entity35 previously treated intracolonically with saline or the @entity1068 vehicle. Reactivation of @entity1960 by hapten administration was not accompanied by activation of mucosal mast cells. Treatment with @entity619 prevented the increase in @entity1049 score and @entity1589 activity elicited by intravenous hapten administration. @entity205 reduced @entity1589 activity, and @entity2983 reduced the @entity1049 score, whereas @entity3303 and two inhibitors of @entity4352 synthesis did not significantly affect either of these parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reactivation of hapten-induced XXXX and its prevention by anti-inflammatory drugs.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['colonic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'injury and inflammation']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic damage']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: Diets containing 300 mg @entity18639 ( @entity18640 )/kg of feed and 5 mg @entity14473 /kg of feed singly or in combination were fed to female @entity233 poults (Nicholas Large White) from day of hatch to 21 d of age. When compared with controls, 21-d body weight gains were reduced 21% by @entity18640 , 26% by T-2, and 47% by the combination. the efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by @entity18640 and the combination of @entity18640 and T-2. Relative weights (grams/100 g BW) of the liver and gizzard were increased in poults fed the @entity18640 and the combination diets; whereas, the relative weight of the pancreas was increased in all treated groups. All poults were scored for oral lesions using a scale of 1 to 4 (1 = no visible lesions, 4 = severe lesions). @entity75 were present in all poults fed the T-2 diet (average score of 3.29) or the combination diet (average score of 3.54). Serum concentration of @entity165 was decreased and @entity880 dehydrogenase activity was increased in poults fed the @entity18640 and combination diets. The activity of @entity492 aminotransferase and the values for red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased only in poults fed the combination diet. Inorganic @entity3151 concentration was decreased only in poults fed the combination diet. The increased @entity137 in poults fed the combination diet for most variables can best be described as additive, although some variables not altered by @entity18640 or T-2 singly were significantly affected by the combination, indicating that the combination may pose a potentially greater problem to the @entity233 industry than either of the mycotoxins individually.

title: Influence of @entity18639 , present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material, and @entity14473 on XXXX poults.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity18639 :: ('MESH:C056933', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisin B1']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: In contrast to the majority of @entity1290 , in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for upper ureteral stones is still controversial. Some centers recommend retrograde mobilization of the @entity1290 prior to ESWL as a routine procedure (UC + ESWL). To evaluate the efficiency of in situ ESWL for upper ureteric stones, we initiated a prospective clinical trial. From July 1985 to January 1986, 122 @entity1 presented with upper @entity1607 , necessitating a total of 146 different procedures: 88 in situ ESWL; 31 UC + ESWL; 15 antegrade ureteroscopies (URS); 6 retrograde URS; 2 open surgery (ureterolithotomy, nephrectomy), and 4 @entity1 were managed conservatively. Of all 99 @entity1 treated at the lithotripter, 80 @entity1 received in situ ESWL (no emergency case, no location problems): in 60 @entity1 (75%) the stone could be disintegrated in one session; 8 @entity1 (10%) required a second ESWL session due to partial @entity1949 . Retrograde mobilization using a ureteral catheter or URS was necessary in 9 @entity1 due to failure of in situ ESWL (11%) and, in only 3 @entity1 , we had to remove the stone by antegrade URS (4%). In conclusion, 96% of all upper ureteric stones suitable for primary ESWL could be treated by a noninvasive (in situ ESWL) or minimally invasive (UC + ESWL) procedure. Therefore we recommend in situ ESWL for these calculi. Primary retrograde mobilization is only indicated in case of location problems (stone close to the spine, @entity28 , @entity85 ) or emergency cases (colic, @entity3041 ). Antegrade URS should be performed if retrograde mobilization fails or in emergency cases (acute @entity2885 , following percutaneous nephrostomy, after clinical stabilization). The rate of open surgery is below 2%.

title: Efficacy of in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi', 'calculus into the renal pelvis']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculi']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeleton deformation']

answer: @entity1607 :: (MESH:D014514,Disease) :: ['ureteral calculi']


abstract: There has been no previous clinical-immunological study of @entity7271 in Spain. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of @entity7271 @entity1 who had been followed for a period of 18 years in our centre. We characterized the autoantibody response, compared diagnostic assays and correlated the immunobiological data with phenotype and prognosis. Clinical, epidemiological and immunopathological data were collected from 40 @entity1 . @entity1 sera were characterized by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Epidemiological and clinical findings were comparable to other series. Mortality during follow-up was 0% and 6% in @entity7271 foliaceus and @entity6248 , respectively. Importantly, higher indirect immunofluorescence titres and anti- @entity8260 ELISA values of samples from untreated @entity1 correlated significantly with a potentially worse clinical course. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between indirect immunofluorescence titres and anti- @entity8260 ELISA levels in @entity7271 @entity1 . Based on our findings, initial high anti- @entity8260 antibodies in @entity7271 @entity1 correlate with a more adverse prognosis, which raises the question as to whether a more aggressive initial therapy is indicated in @entity1 with this immunological pattern.

title: Correlation of immunological profile with phenotype and disease outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris', 'pemphigus']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To reduce @entity137 in @entity900 -based intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy, we substituted @entity3003 for @entity900 . The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary @entity137 data of @entity3003 -based IP chemotherapy and to evaluate the feasibility of this chemotherapy regimen in @entity1 with @entity43 after primary debulking surgery. STUDY DESIGN: The @entity137 data of 19 primary @entity43 @entity1 (IP group) who underwent @entity3003 -based IP and intravenous (IV) combination chemotherapy (IP @entity3003 AUC 5 on day 1, IV @entity1311 175mg/m   on day 2, and IP @entity1311 60mg/m   on day 8) after primary debulking surgery were retrospectively analyzed and compared to 34 @entity1 (IV group) who were treated with standard @entity902 -based IV chemotherapy during the same period. RESULTS: The @entity137 data in a total of 118 cycles were analyzed. Grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 , @entity1398 , and @entity158 were more common in the IP group than the IV group. There were seven catheter-related complications. Fourteen @entity1 (73.7%) were able to complete six cycles or more of IP chemotherapy. Survival results in the IP group were compared with those from the IV group; a prolonged progression-free survival was observed (26.6 vs. 20.7 months; p=0.038). Compared to the previous results with @entity900 -based IP chemotherapy, there was no significant difference in hematologic events. However, gastrointestinal, neurologic, and metabolic events in this study were definitely lower compared to those of @entity900 -based IP chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3003 -based IP and IV combination chemotherapy is feasible in @entity1 with @entity43 after primary debulking surgery.

title: The feasibility of @entity3003 -based intraperitoneal chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The effects of @entity10891 and @entity2812 , two agents which interfere with the release of @entity2227 ( @entity367 ), and @entity3390 , a blocker of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors, were compared in the model of @entity888 -induced depletion of @entity935 (DA) levels in @entity19 . Repeated injections with @entity888 (4 x 5 mg/kg i.p.) markedly decreased levels of DA, @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) and @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ) levels. When @entity19 were treated with @entity10891 (2 x 10 mg/kg p.o.), no protection was observed against the decrease in DA and the two metabolites. @entity2812 (2 x 10 mg/kg p.o.) was also inactive. Treatment with @entity3390 (2 x 2.5 mg/kg i.p.) antagonized the decrease in DA, @entity4925 and @entity3829 levels induced by the neurotoxin. Thus, unlike an @entity143 blocker, drugs that interfere with @entity367 release did not antagonize the @entity888 -induced DA @entity2359 in @entity19 . The consequences of this inactivity are discussed in terms of the reliability of this model to test new drugs with putative efficacy in the treatment of @entity191 .

title: XXXX and @entity935 @entity2359 : differential effects of agents interfering with glutamatergic transmission.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine', 'lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['Methamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that recognize and regulate mRNA target genes. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that they are key regulators of numerous critical functions in development and disease, including @entity5 . However, defining the place and function of miRNAs in complex regulatory networks is not straightforward. Systems approaches, like the inference of a module network from expression data, can help to achieve this goal. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: During the last decade, much progress has been made in the development of robust and powerful module network inference algorithms. In this study, we analyze and assess experimentally a module network inferred from both miRNA and mRNA expression data, using our recently developed module network inference algorithm based on probabilistic optimization techniques. We show that several miRNAs are predicted as statistically significant regulators for various modules of tightly co-expressed genes. A detailed analysis of three of those modules demonstrates that the specific assignment of miRNAs is functionally coherent and supported by literature. We further designed a set of experiments to test the assignment of @entity23106 as the top regulator of a small module of nine genes. The results strongly suggest that @entity23106 is regulating the module genes via the transcription factor @entity18075 . Interestingly, this module is most likely involved in epithelial homeostasis and its dysregulation might contribute to the malignant process in @entity5 cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show that a robust module network analysis of expression data can provide novel insights of miRNA function in important cellular processes. Such a computational approach, starting from expression data alone, can be helpful in the process of identifying the function of miRNAs by suggesting modules of co-expressed genes in which they play a regulatory role. As shown in this study, those modules can then be tested experimentally to further investigate and refine the function of the miRNA in the regulatory network.

title: Module network inference from a XXXX gene expression data set identifies microRNA regulated modules.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The New York City (NYC) public hospital system includes subspecialty care for gynecologic @entity5 , providing care to @entity1 regardless of insurance status. The authors sought to determine the surgical patterns of care for @entity43 @entity1 in the NYC public hospital system. METHODS: @entity43 cases were identified in the New York State Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database for years 2001 to 2006. Cases from NYC hospitals were separated into 2 cohorts: public and other NYC hospitals. Surgeons associated with each case were identified using the database and were stratified by volume of cases and presence of subspecialty training. RESULTS: A total of 12,202 admissions for @entity43 were identified. Of these, 3639 involved major surgery, and 187 were performed at public hospitals. There were more African American and Asian @entity1 in the public cohort (P < .001). The primary insurer was more likely to be Medicaid or a self-payer in the public cohort (P < 0.001). Urgent or emergent admissions comprised 55% of all admissions in public hospitals, compared with 29% of admissions in other NYC hospitals (P < .001). @entity1 in public hospitals were less likely to have their surgery performed by a gynecologic oncologist (57% vs 74%, P < .001) and less likely to have their surgery performed by a high-volume surgeon (21% vs 47%; P < .001) compared with @entity1 in other NYC hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: @entity43 @entity1 treated in public hospitals are less likely to have gynecologic oncologists and high-volume surgeons involved in their care. This is a preliminary finding that warrants further investigation.

title: XXXX care for the underserved: are surgical patterns of care different in a public hospital setting?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian cancer']


abstract: Three @entity1 with known @entity0 presented with very similar annular erythemas of their chest walls. All @entity1 were in remission from their @entity0 for at least 6 months. Their @entity0 had initially responded well to multi-modality treatment with no clinical or radiologic evidence of recurrence, until the development of the @entity8656 . In the first case, the @entity8656 was treated unsuccessfully as a @entity1909 and then as @entity4013 . In the second case, subacute cutaneous lupus was considered but lupus antibodies were negative. In the third case, the @entity8656 was promptly recognized and biopsied. Histology in all three cases revealed identical findings of @entity513 involving the lymphatics of the skin. Immunohistochemical staining of the @entity189 was positive for @entity1 @entity1722 but negative for @entity2931 and @entity1420 receptors. @entity8656 can pose a wide differential but rarely has it been described as a sign of locally recurrent @entity5 . These cases highlight the importance of recognizing this entity in the oncologic @entity1 , where prompt skin biopsies can confirm the diagnosis and allow early initiation of therapy.

title: @entity8656 as a sign of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['tinea corporis']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity8656 :: ('MESH:C562461', 'Disease') :: ['Annular erythema', 'annular erythema']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 is a main cause of @entity454 . Clinically, there is no beneficial treatment that can effectively reverse the progressive @entity177 . We recently synthesized a novel proteolysis-resistant @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) that exhibits promising renoprotective effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of @entity1892 on @entity8 in an in vivo @entity63 reperfusion injury (IRI) model and in vitro @entity641 -stimulated tubular epithelial cells (TCMK-1 and HK-2) model. In the IRI in vivo model, @entity19 were randomly divided into sham (sham operation), IR and IR  +  @entity1892 groups (n  =  6). @entity1892 (8  nmol/kg) was administered intraperitoneally at the onset of reperfusion, and @entity8 was evaluated at 12  weeks post-reperfusion. Our results showed that @entity1892 markedly attenuated the IRI-induced deposition of collagen I and @entity3111 . In the in vitro model, @entity1892 reversed the @entity641 -induced down-regulation of @entity3112 and up-regulation of @entity3113 and @entity3111 . Furthermore, @entity1892 inhibited the phosphorylation of @entity1994 and @entity3114 ( @entity3114 ), whose anti-fibrotic effect could be reversed by the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 ( @entity3115 ) inhibitor @entity2307 as well as @entity3114 siRNA. These findings demonstrate that @entity1892 @entity8 and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular cells, possibly through suppression of the @entity3115 / @entity1994 pathway and thereby the inhibition @entity3114 activity.

title: Cyclic helix B peptide inhibits @entity63 reperfusion-induced @entity8 via the @entity3115 / XXXX / @entity3114 pathway.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis', 'Renal fibrosis', 'attenuates renal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['CHBP', 'cyclic helix B peptide']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As protein is considered to increase thermogenesis and satiety more than other macronutrients, it may have beneficial effects on prevention of @entity1017 and weight maintenance. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the association between the amount and type of dietary protein, and subsequent changes in weight and waist circumference (WC). METHODS: 89,432 @entity1 and @entity1 from five countries participating in European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC) were followed for a mean of 6.5 years. Associations between the intake of protein or subgroups of protein (from animal and plant sources) and changes in weight (g per year) or WC (cm per year) were investigated using gender and centre-specific multiple regression analyses. Adjustments were made for other baseline dietary factors, baseline anthropometrics, demographic and lifestyle factors and follow-up time. We used random effect meta-analyses to obtain pooled estimates across centres. RESULTS: Higher intake of total protein, and protein from animal sources was associated with subsequent @entity1017 for both genders, strongest among @entity1 , and the association was mainly attributable to protein from red and processed meat and poultry rather than from fish and dairy sources. There was no overall association between intake of plant protein and subsequent changes in weight. No clear overall associations between intakes of total protein or any of the subgroups and changes in WC were present. The associations showed some heterogeneity between centres, but pooling of estimates was still considered justified. CONCLUSION: A high intake of protein was not found associated with lower weight or waist gain in this observational study. In contrast, protein from food items of animal origin, especially meat and poultry, seemed to be positively associated with long-term @entity1017 . There were no clear associations for waist changes.

title: Intake of total, animal and plant protein and subsequent changes in weight or waist circumference in European @entity1 and XXXX : the Diogenes project.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about management and prognosis for @entity135 . We reviewed records of these @entity1 to determine optimal treatment strategies. METHODS: We reviewed 113 cases of head _ neck @entity1823 treated at our institution from 1970 to 2005. Nineteen @entity1 were included in the study. All had primary surgical treatment at another institution. @entity3 was treated with radiation, chemotherapy, or both. Survival and complications were evaluated. P values were determined by Fischer's exact test. RESULTS: All @entity1 treated with chemotherapy and radiation age >=  40 years had disease progression. Of the @entity1 < 40, two had stable disease; one had regression of disease with treatment. @entity1 without disease progression had better prognosis and were alive at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical benefit was derived from aggressive treatment. However, careful consideration of the risks of observation versus intensive therapy should be undertaken when managing these @entity1 .

title: XXXX : is there an optimal treatment strategy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['malignant head _ neck paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Malignant head and neck paragangliomas']


abstract: @entity694 and mast cells have been involved in the pathophysiology of the functional @entity344 irritable @entity1744 , although the cause-effect relationships remain unknown. We assessed long-term histopathological and functional changes associated to an acute ischaemic episode (1 h) of the colon, followed by 8-week recovery, in @entity35 . Functional colonic alterations [sensitivity during @entity14 ( @entity14 ), compliance and propulsive motility] were assessed regularly during the recovery. Colonic histopathology (presence of @entity32 , morphometric alterations and variations in neuronal density in the enteric nervous system) 8-week postischaemia was assessed. Following ischaemia, none of the functional parameters tested (motility, sensitivity and compliance) were affected. At necropsy, the colon presented an overall normal appearance with an increase in weight of the ischaemic area (mg/cm: 99 +/- 6; P < 0.05 vs. control: 81 +/- 4 or sham ischaemia: 81 +/- 3). Histopathological evaluations revealed the presence of a local infiltrate of mast cells in the area of ischaemia (nb of mast cells: 142 +/- 50; P < 0.05 vs. control, 31 +/- 14 or sham ischaemia: 40 +/- 16), without other significant alterations. Animals subjected to @entity694 and treated 8 weeks later with the mast cell degranulator, compound 48/80, showed no changes in @entity14 -related @entity158 responses. These studies show that acute @entity694 is associated with the presence of a long-term local infiltration of mast cells, located within the serosa and muscle layers, despite the absence of functional changes, including colonic sensitivity. Considering the important pathophysiological functions of mast cells, the observed mast cell infiltration may be involved in ischaemia-induced functional changes yet to be characterized.

title: Acute XXXX in @entity35 results in long-term structural changes without alterations of colonic sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'colorectal distension']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic ischaemia', 'colonic ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic ischaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether plasma @entity8224 ( @entity8224 ) levels are different in @entity1 with gynecologic @entity5 compared with those in healthy, nonpregnant @entity1 , and if differences do exist, whether chemotherapy plays a role. METHODS: We compared the plasma levels of @entity8224 in nonpregnant @entity1 free of @entity5 (group 1, n = 25) and in @entity1 with @entity5 receiving at least one course of @entity902 -based chemotherapy (group 2, n = 32). To differentiate the contributory role of chemotherapy, another group of @entity1 (group 3, n = 18) was studied before the initiation of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The @entity8224 values (mean +/- standard error [SE]) in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 7.3 +/- 0.3, 13.8 +/- 0.8, and 14.6 +/- 1.8 fmol/mL of plasma, respectively. Significant differences (P < or = .001) occurred between groups 1 and 2 and 1 and 3, but not between 2 and 3. In comparing groups 2 and 3 for a specific type of @entity5 , there were no significant differences. The respective values (mean +/- SE) for @entity43 before chemotherapy were 9.9 +/- 1.7, 15.05 +/- 2.6, and 18.5 +/- 4.3 fmol/mL. After chemotherapy, the values remained at 9.3 +/- 1.5, 15.03 +/- 1.06, and 14.6 +/- 2.2 fmol/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION: Plasma @entity8224 levels in @entity5 @entity1 were significantly higher than those in healthy, nonpregnant @entity1 . Levels were higher before chemotherapy started, thus negating the idea that chemotherapy may initiate the production and release of @entity8224 .

title: XXXX in gynecologic @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity8224 :: ('4878', 'Gene') :: ['ANF', 'atrial natriuretic factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity8224 :: (4878,Gene) :: ['Atrial natriuretic factor']


abstract: We have studied the influence of @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 (T4), @entity7287 (TSH), and @entity3937 ( @entity3936 ) on the expression of @entity11155 expression in @entity1 thyroid cells. T3, T4, TSH, and @entity3936 in various combinations were added together with @entity379 ( @entity379 ) to @entity1 thyrocytes or to cultured @entity35 cells. Neither T3 nor T4, alone, caused inhibition of the @entity379 stimulation of thyrocyte HLA-DR expression. Moreover, the combination of both drugs at various concentrations did not inhibit this expression except only in low ranges (T3 at 0.3 nmol/liter and T4 at 12.9 nmol/liter). @entity3936 only at a concentration of 3.0 mmol/liter caused significant inhibition of @entity379 -induced HLA-DR expression. However, the addition of T3 (range, 0.3-9.2 nmol/liter) or T4 (12.9-129.0 nmol/liter) prevented the @entity3936 -induced inhibition. This phenomenon may be explained by the action of @entity3936 on inhibiting the synthesis of T3 and T4. At a concentration of 100 microU/ml, TSH enhanced @entity379 -induced HLA-DR expression. It is possible that TSH induced the expression of large numbers of @entity379 receptors, thereby enhancing the production of HLA-DR in response to @entity379 . Our studies suggest that @entity3936 does not alter thyrocyte HLA-DR expression in vitro, especially when combined with T3 or T4; however, @entity3936 may still induce or perpetuate immune effects in vivo secondary to its influence on thyroid hormone production or thyroid antigen presentation.

title: The influence of @entity1954 , @entity1955 , @entity7287 , and @entity3937 on thyroid cell XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity11155 :: ('3128', 'Gene') :: ['major histocompatibility (MHC) Class II antigen']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity11155 :: (3128,Gene) :: ['MHC class II antigen']


abstract: RATIONALE: Transcriptional profiling can detect subclinical @entity299 and provide insight into disease etiology and functional status. Current microarray-based methods are expensive and subject to artifact. OBJECTIVE: To develop RNA sequencing methodologies using next generation massively parallel platforms for high throughput comprehensive analysis of individual @entity19 cardiac transcriptomes. To compare the results of sequencing- and array-based transcriptional profiling in the well-characterized @entity14205 transgenic @entity19 @entity1184 / @entity296 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: The techniques for preparation of individually bar-coded @entity19 heart RNA libraries for Illumina Genome Analyzer II resequencing are described. RNA sequencing showed that 234 high-abundance transcripts (>60 copies/cell) comprised 55% of total cardiac mRNA. Parallel transcriptional profiling of @entity14205 transgenic and nontransgenic hearts by Illumina RNA sequencing and Affymetrix @entity19 Gene 1.0 ST arrays revealed superior dynamic range for mRNA expression and enhanced specificity for reporting low-abundance transcripts by RNA sequencing. Differential mRNA expression in @entity14205 and nontransgenic hearts correlated well between microarrays and RNA sequencing for highly abundant transcripts. RNA sequencing was superior to arrays for accurately quantifying lower-abundance genes, which represented the majority of the regulated genes in the @entity14205 transgenic model. CONCLUSIONS: RNA sequencing is rapid, accurate, and sensitive for identifying both abundant and rare cardiac transcripts, and has significant advantages in time- and cost-efficiencies over microarray analysis.

title: Deep mRNA sequencing for in vivo functional analysis of cardiac transcriptional regulators: application to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity14205 :: (14682(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Galphaq']


abstract: @entity2177 is considered to be the standard treatment for @entity1 with complicated @entity293 ( @entity293 ). This multicentre, randomized clinical study was designed to compare a once-daily regimen with 500 mg to the usual twice-daily regimen with 250 mg orally for 7-20 days. A total of 215 @entity1 with significant @entity793 (> or = 10(5) c.f.u./ml for females and > or = 10(4) c.f.u./ml for males) were included in the study. Eradication of @entity793 was shown in 84.0% of @entity1 treated with 500 mg q.i.d. and in 90.9% of @entity1 treated with 250 mg b.i.d. Clinical cure or improvement was achieved in 97.3% of those treated with 500 mg q.i.d. versus 95.5% of those treated with 250 mg b.i.d. More superinfections occurred in @entity1 treated with 500 mg q.i.d., mostly caused by gram-positive cocci. The statistical analysis concerning the elimination of @entity793 using the 95% confidence interval showed a difference of up to 18.4% between the two treatment groups in favour of the 250-mg b.i.d. regimen. @entity2177 was well tolerated with only mild to moderate side-effects (mostly gastrointestinal) in 8% of the @entity1 . When using @entity2177 in @entity1 with complicated @entity293 , its administration in two divided doses can be further recommended as a standard regimen.

title: @entity2177 once versus twice daily in the treatment of complicated @entity293 . German XXXX @entity293 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['Ciprofloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, risks, and outcomes of @entity130 caused by the Veress needle described in the literature. METHODS: Iatrogenic @entity130 caused by Veress needle insertion during diagnostic or therapeutic laparoscopies in @entity1 were researched, with no language restriction, in the Medline, Lilacs, Embase, Scielo, and Cochrane Library databases. The following words were combined: "Veress" or "insufflation needle" or " @entity516 needle," and "complications" or " @entity130 " or "lesions." The bibliographic references of the selected articles were also analyzed. We considered the following: (1) number of @entity130 described in the literature, (2) relationship between number of @entity130 and number of @entity1 who underwent Veress needle insertion in the studies that reported @entity130 , (3) organs and structures injured (retroperitoneal vessels, digestive tract, and self-limited, minor @entity130 ), and (4) outcome ( @entity204 , conversion to laparotomy, laparoscopic repair, spontaneous resolution). RESULTS: Thirty-eight selected articles included 696,502 laparoscopies, with 1,575 @entity130 (0.23%), 126 (8%) of which involved blood vessels or hollow viscera (0.018% of all laparoscopies). Of the 98 @entity1317 , 8 (8.1%) were @entity130 to major retroperitoneal vessels. There were 34 other reported retroperitoneal @entity130 , but the authors were not specific as to which vessel was injured. Of the 28 @entity130 to hollow viscera, 17 were considered major @entity130 , i.e., 60.7% (0.0024% of the total cases assessed). CONCLUSION: The insertion of the Veress needle in the abdominal midline, at the umbilicus, poses serious risk to the life of @entity1 . Therefore, further studies should be conducted to investigate alternative sites for Veress needle insertion.

title: Injuries caused by Veress needle insertion for creation of XXXX : a systematic literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Veress needle injury']

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: A detailed analysis was made of the changes in @entity235 myocardium, with time of occlusion, in several important metabolites such as @entity1734 and @entity855 (luminometry), inorganic @entity4613 (spectrophotometry), and most of the @entity3042 and @entity2125 (high performance liquid chromatography). Within 1 min there was a significant reduction in @entity1734 and a significant increase in inorganic @entity4613 , @entity857 , and @entity860 . A decrease in @entity855 became apparent after 4 min, concomitant with a progressive rise in the @entity2642 , which reached almost 50% of the total @entity3042 after 64 min of occlusion. The formation of @entity3625 was detectable in 50% only of all animals, suggesting a lack of active @entity8742 phosphorylase in the others. @entity2125 , although decreasing slightly, was by far the most constant of all variables measured during at least 30 min of ischaemia. Therefore, this component is suggested to be a useful internal standard, thus minimising analytical and biological variations. @entity16879 , a potent @entity8742 transport inhibitor (I50 3 X 10(-8) mol X litre-1), when given orally at 2.5 mg X kg-1, did not affect any of the changes with the exception of the @entity2642 , where the drug completely inverts the @entity859 to @entity14572 ratio. The contribution of @entity859 to the total @entity2642 changed from 20% in the controls to 80% with treatment during at least 16 min of occlusion, there being no overlap between the groups. It is concluded therefore that @entity859 is not deaminated in the cell where it is produced. It is not yet clear how this notable effect of @entity16879 could be linked to its remarkable protective effect against ischaemia.

title: Changes in @entity1734 , inorganic XXXX , and the purine pattern in @entity235 hearts with time of coronary artery occlusion and effect thereon of @entity16879 , a @entity8742 transport inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide', 'Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity16879 :: ('MESH:C041518', 'Chemical') :: ['mioflazine', 'Mioflazine']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity4613 :: (D010710,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: From 1981 up to February 1985, a total of 93 protocol @entity1 entered the study CESS 81. The protocol recommended an initial 18-week period of polychemotherapy (VACA) followed by local therapy and two additional cycles of chemotherapy. Local therapy consisted either of radical surgery or of incomplete resection plus postoperative irradiation with 36 Gy or of radiotherapy alone (46 and 60 Gy). Centrally located lesions were always irradiated with 60 Gy. This article summarizes the data after 5 years. Data of 93 @entity1 were analysed in October 1986 after a median follow-up of 37 months. The projected 5-year survival is 50%. The relapse rate was 42%, distant relapses occurred in 19%, local (plus distant) relapses in 23%. Most of the relapses occurred during the first 3 years of observation. Failure rate was high in @entity1 undergoing irradiation alone (44%). Initial @entity5 mass (greater than 100 ml) and histopathologic response to initial chemotherapy were identified as major prognostic factors. @entity5 site and type of local therapy were not significant if @entity1 were categorised by @entity5 volume. In small lesions, surgery and radiotherapy were equally effective. In large lesions greater than 100 ml volume, a trend towards a better prognosis in surgically treated @entity1 was observed. The results of CESS 81 emphasize the importance of permanent local control in @entity2828 even in the presence of systemic control by an effective multi-drug chemotherapy.

title: Prognostic factors in the treatment of XXXX . The @entity2828 Study Group of the German Society of Paediatric Oncology CESS 81.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) compose a family of @entity4495 ( @entity10611 )-anchored axon guidance molecules and perform several functions during neural development. New evidence has suggested possible new roles for these axon guidance molecules during skeletal muscle development, which has not been investigated thus far. In the present study, we show that @entity21008 , @entity21009 and @entity21010 are all induced during skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro. Immunolocalization performed on adult skeletal muscle cells revealed that @entity21008 , @entity21009 and @entity21010 are sarcolemmal proteins. Additionally, @entity21008 was found to be a sarcoplasmic protein with a surprisingly striated pattern. @entity21008 colocalization with known sarcoplasmic proteins suggested that this axon guidance molecule is a skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic protein. Western blot analysis revealed two @entity21008 fragments of 60 and 33 kDa, respectively, in adult skeletal muscle samples. @entity21008 phenotypes in skeletal muscle cells (C2C12 and primary myoblasts) were also investigated. @entity21008 overexpression produced @entity1184 cells, whereas @entity21008 knockdown resulted in the opposite phenotype. @entity21008 knockdown also blocked myotube formation in both skeletal muscle cell types. Our results are the first to show an axon guidance molecule as a skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic protein and to include @entity21008 in a system that regulates skeletal muscle cell size and differentiation.

title: Repulsive Guidance Molecules a, b and c Are Skeletal Muscle Proteins, and Repulsive Guidance Molecule a Promotes Cellular XXXX and Is Necessary for Myotube Fusion.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophy']


abstract: 1. Activation of neuropsychological rehabilitation by pharmacological agents is a promising therapeutic strategy. 2. Reports of single cases and case series claim improvement of @entity2845 mutism, @entity17787 , apathy, attentional and other @entity146 after treatment with @entity2847 , a D2 @entity935 receptor agonist. 3. A critical review of published reports and own experiences discusses the results in the light of pharmacological and neurobiological considerations. 4. Dopaminergic stimulation after certain kinds of @entity75 might influence neuronal recovery and/or substitute dopaminergical linked functions after destruction of the corresponding neurons. 5. Although controlled clinical studies are very difficult to design and such evidence is still lacking, preliminary recommendations are given with regard to differential indications, drug regime and evaluation criteria.

title: The therapeutic potential of XXXX in neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with acquired @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disturbances']

entities_list: @entity17787 :: ('MESH:D057178', 'Disease') :: ['non-fluent aphasia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

answer: @entity2847 :: (MESH:D001971,Chemical) :: ['bromocriptine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) after a diagnosis of @entity1375 . DESIGN: A retrospective, population-based follow-up study using an administrative database. @entity1 : The study group comprised 257 @entity1375 @entity1 . The comparison group included 2056 subjects. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. The study cohort comprised @entity1 aged >=  60 who received a first diagnosis of @entity1375 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 244.9) from 1997 to 2001 (n = 257). The comparison cohort consisted of randomly selected @entity1 without @entity1375 who were aged >=  60 and had no diagnosis of @entity726 before 2001 (8 for every @entity1538 @entity1 ; n = 2056). Each sampled @entity1 was tracked for 5 years from their index visit. Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to compute the 5-year @entity1538 -free survival rate, after adjusting for possible confounding factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The risk of developing @entity1538 during the 5-year follow-up period. RESULTS: @entity1538 developed in 7.4% of @entity1 with @entity1375 and 3.8% of @entity1 in the comparison cohort during the follow-up period. @entity1375 @entity1 had a significantly lower 5-year @entity1538 -free survival rate than @entity1 in the comparison cohort. After adjusting for @entity1 ' age, gender, monthly income, urbanization level, and comorbid medical disorders, @entity1375 @entity1 were found to have a 1.78-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-3.06) greater risk of developing @entity1538 than the comparison cohort. This association remained significant in untreated @entity1375 @entity1 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.37; 95% CI, 1.10-5.09) and became statistically nonsignificant in @entity1 treated with @entity1955 (adjusted HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 0.89-3.38). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1375 @entity1 had a significantly increased risk of @entity1538 development during the 5-year follow-up period. @entity1955 seemed to be protective.

title: XXXX and the risk of developing @entity1538 : a five-year population-based follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroid', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'Open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine', 'Levothyroxine']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: The in vitro susceptibility to @entity5821 and @entity2261 of 195 isolates of @entity3256 -resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci was determined by the agar-diffusion test, using 7.5% @entity1219 -supplemented agar. The distribution of the inhibition zone diameters for isolates of @entity5938 (S. biotype 1) as well as for @entity5939 (S. biotype 4) was trimodal. While 4% of the isolates were found susceptible to @entity2261 , 39% of the @entity5938 / @entity5940 (S. biotype 1) isolates and 34% of the @entity5939 (S. biotype 4) isolates were found susceptible to @entity5821 by this method. Eight of these isolates (six @entity5938 , two @entity5939 ) were selected for susceptibility testing by the tube-dilution method, together with four isolates (three @entity5939 , one @entity5938 ) found resistant to @entity5821 by the agar-diffusion test. The first-mentioned isolates were all found susceptible to @entity5821 with MICs less than or equal to 2 micrograms/l, while the last-named all were resistant with MICs greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. Population analyses revealed sub-populations of highly resistant bacteria in all @entity3256 -resistant isolates of @entity5938 (S. biotype 1), as well as in all isolates of @entity5939 (S. biotype 4). We thus concluded that @entity3256 -resistance in isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci implies resistance to cephalosporins and that the difference between @entity5938 and @entity5939 as regards @entity5898 -susceptibility is quantitative and not qualitative. Eighty-nine per cent of the 195 @entity3256 -resistant isolates in this study were resistant to @entity114 and at least one more antibiotic. We therefore think that resistance to @entity114 and one or more non- @entity3405 antibiotics strongly suggests @entity3256 -resistance and that such isolates should be further tested on hypertonic media.

title: Studies on clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci resistant to @entity3256 . Evidence of cross-resistance between XXXX and @entity5821 .

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity5939 :: ('1283', 'Species') :: ['S. haemolyticus']

answer: @entity3256 :: (MESH:D008712,Chemical) :: ['methicillin']


abstract: Axonal selection of ipsilateral and/or contralateral targets is essential for integrating bilateral sensory information and for coordinated movement. The molecular processes that determine ipsilateral and contralateral target choice are not fully understood. We examined this target selection in the developing auditory brainstem. Ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) axons normally project to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) only on the contralateral side. However, after unilateral removal of cochlear input in neonates, we found that axons from the unoperated VCN sprout and project to MNTB bilaterally. We found that @entity13388 is expressed in the @entity19 auditory brainstem during development and during a sensitive period for ipsilateral sprouting, so we hypothesized that deletion of the Eph receptor @entity13388 would impair target selection in these auditory pathways. Lipophilic dyes were used to evaluate quantitatively the brainstem projections in wild-type and @entity13388 -null @entity19 . VCN-MNTB projections in @entity13388 -null @entity19 were strictly contralateral, as in wild-type @entity19 . However, after deafferentation, @entity13388 -null @entity19 had a significant, threefold increase in the proportion of axons from the intact VCN that sprouted into ipsilateral MNTB compared with wild-type @entity19 . Heterozygous @entity19 had a twofold increase in these projections. These results demonstrate that @entity13388 influences auditory brainstem circuitry selectively in response to deafferentation. Although this axon guidance molecule is not by itself necessary for appropriate target choice during normal development, it is a strong determinant of ipsilateral vs. contralateral target choice during deafferentation-induced plasticity.

title: Deletion of XXXX enhances deafferentation-induced ipsilateral sprouting in auditory brainstem projections.

answer: @entity13388 :: (13838(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['EphA4']


abstract: A 2.8-kilobase major breakpoint region on chromosome segment 18q21 is the site of most t(14;18) translocations typical of @entity1 @entity706 . Breaks are focused at the 5' end of joining (JH) regions of immunoglobulin (Ig) on chromosome 14, indicating that the translocation occurs at a pre-B-cell stage during attempted heavy (H) chain joining. A new gene from 18q21 ( @entity588 ) is placed in the H chain locus creating a unique, translocation-specific JH;18q21 rearrangement that presumably represents a transformation event. In addition, normal Ig gene joining occurs in a H before light (L) chain and K before lambda cascade, creating ordered clonal markers. These serial markers were examined to determine if variations in Ig gene patterns during the natural history of @entity706 represent the emergence of truly separate @entity5 or heterogeneity of a single @entity5 . We examined 45 serial biopsies from 16 B @entity706 @entity1 ; six cases showed variation in Ig gene patterns over time. Seven individuals had a detectable JH;18q21 rearrangement present, and it remained unchanged over 5-10 years. Further rearrangements of H chain genes occurred on the normal chromosome 14 within evolving subclones of the original @entity5 . Lambda L chains also underwent additional rearrangements in two instances, while K gene patterns remained unchanged. All variations in the normal H and L chain genes were 2 degrees rearrangements occurring at a mature B-cell stage following the initial successful rearrangement of a H and L chain. In contrast the t(14;18) breakpoint was conserved in each individual, indicating that evolving neoplastic subpopulations arose from a common clonal progenitor cell.

title: Clonal evolution of t(14;18) XXXX demonstrated by immunoglobulin genes and the 18q21 major breakpoint region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma', 'follicular lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphomas']


abstract: The plant lectin, @entity1460 agglutinin (SBA), has been widely used to separate heterogeneous populations of cells. In the field of bone marrow transplantation, SBA has been used for partial depletion of T cells from bone marrow allografts to reduce graft-vs.-host disease. SBA's high affinity for many different @entity5 cells has also indicated its use as a @entity5 purging agent for autologous bone marrow transplants. We have compared two methods of cell separation using either soluble SBA agglutination, or @entity7902 covalently attached to an activated @entity852 surface. The nonbinding SBA-cell populations generated by these two procedures were very similar in terms of cell recovery, light scatter properties, and phenotypic profile. Notably, both SBA- fractions were enriched in cells with the known progenitor markers, CD34, CD33, and HLA-DR, and were relatively depleted of SBA binding cells. In addition, the activity of each SBA- cell population was measured in vitro in short-term progenitor assays. Here, both SBA- populations were significantly enriched for CFU-GM. When device-separated SBA- cell populations were seeded into long-term bone marrow culture, they produced both increased progenitor activity and cell proliferation compared to unseparated BMMCs. The @entity852 technology described here could reduce or eliminate many of the drawbacks of soluble SBA agglutination, making SBA cell separation a viable and convenient technique for clinical application.

title: Separation of lectin-binding cells using XXXX culture devices with covalently immobilized @entity1460 agglutinin.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

answer: @entity852 :: (MESH:D011137,Chemical) :: ['polystyrene']


abstract: Most @entity1 with @entity6182 ( @entity6182 ) type Ib show features related to @entity29 ( @entity29 ). The development of @entity29 seems to be associated with the defect of neutrophil function in @entity6182 Ib. @entity1 with @entity6182 Ia were not recognized to have similar @entity344 until recently and are not associated with a neutrophil defect. Fifty consecutive @entity6182 Ia inpatients over the age of 2 years without a diagnosis of @entity29 were screened using serologic and genetic markers via the Prometheus @entity29 sgi Diagnostic test. Eleven @entity1 were tested positive for @entity29 (22%), with five fitting the pattern for @entity30 , five for @entity31 , and one with nonspecific @entity29 . Only 2 out of the 11 @entity1 had any @entity344 . No pattern could be distinguished from individual inflammatory markers, genetics, @entity32 antibodies, age, complications, or metabolic control. Of note, 9 out of 11 @entity1 testing positive were female. @entity1 with @entity6182 Ia were found to have a higher rate of serologically indicated @entity29 when compared with the general population. While these subjects will need to be followed to determine if these serologic markers correlate with clinical disease, this study supports that @entity29 may be more common in the @entity6182 Ia population. Further studies are warranted to explain the relationship between @entity29 and @entity6183 since it may provide clues regarding the pathogenesis of @entity29 development in the general population.

title: High Incidence of Serologic Markers of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Asymptomatic XXXX with @entity6183 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6182 :: ('MESH:D006008', 'Disease') :: ['glycogen storage disease', 'GSD']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the plasma concentration of @entity7489 (TXB2), a stable metabolite of @entity2404 (TXA2), to assess platelet activation in 78 @entity1 who had @entity120 associated with @entity299 (PH group) and 16 @entity1 with almost normal hemodynamics (control group). METHODS AND RESULTS: The PH group was divided into two subgroups: pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp) < or = 10 U/m2 (Rp < or = 10 group) and > 10 U/m2 (Rp > 10 group). In addition, the Rp < or = 10 group was divided on the basis of clinical symptoms into groups with @entity1353 ( @entity1353 [+] group) and without @entity1353 ( @entity1353 [-] group). Plasma TXB2 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma TXB2 levels in the three groups (control, Rp < or = 10, and Rp > 10) were significantly different (P < .005); the TXB2 levels in the Rp < or = 10 group were significantly higher than the others. Among the Rp < or = 10 @entity1 , the plasma TXB2 levels were significantly higher in the @entity1353 (+) group than in the @entity1353 (-) group (P < .0001). In addition, the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio and pulmonary blood flow divided by body surface area were significantly higher in the @entity1353 (+) group than in the @entity1353 (-) group (P < .02 and P < .002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that platelet activation led to increased @entity3447 release in @entity1 with @entity120 , especially those with @entity1353 and Rp < or = 10. TXA2 release from platelets probably caused constriction of the pulmonary arterioles and the bronchi, thus @entity120 and @entity1353 in these @entity1 . In the @entity1 with high Rp values, it was considered that the number of pulmonary arterioles where platelets could be activated had been reduced.

title: Plasma @entity7489 concentration in @entity120 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'worsening pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Tissue @entity82 in @entity2040 is largely responsible for the important morbidity that results from @entity281 with the @entity2439 worms, @entity1213 . Neither the migrating larval forms (cercariae) nor the intravascular adult worms appear to incite pathological responses that are important in chronic @entity2040 . On the other hand, eggs deposited in tissue incite chronic granulomatous inflammatory responses that are the hallmark of @entity281 and precede the onset of adjacent tissue @entity82 . We previously reported that products of the egg @entity738 can stimulate a number of relevant responses in fibroblast cultures that in vivo would be expected to promote tissue @entity82 . We report here that the @entity738 secrete factors that in vitro can stimulate collagen and fibronectin synthesis in fibroblasts. We determined that activity stimulating collagen synthesis is congruent to 10 Kd (gel filtration) with a pI of congruent to 5.5 (isoelectric focusing); additional activity is also detected in some other fractions (congruent to Kd; pI approximately 7.0). In contrast, the activity stimulating fibronectin synthesis was congruent to 22 Kd with a pI of 5.5. Activity was also present in fractions of 50 Kd with pI of approximately 7.5. Fibroblasts grown in @entity738 supernatant-containing medium contained greater steady-state levels of specific mRNA coding for @entity4173 and fibronectin compared with cells cultured in unsupplemented medium. These observations support the hypothesis that biologically active molecules secreted by @entity738 cells are instrumental in the initiation of tissue @entity82 in @entity2040 .

title: Fibroblast stimulation in XXXX . VII. Egg @entity738 secrete factors that stimulate collagen and fibronectin synthesis.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4173 :: ('1278', 'Gene') :: ['type I procollagen']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2439 :: ('MESH:D014201', 'Disease') :: ['trematode']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['Schistosoma']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: Out of five hundred and nineteen surgically resected lesions which were histologically shown to be @entity356 , 247 were well differentiated, 98 were moderately differentiated, and 176 were poorly differentiated lesions. The incidence of @entity1600 in the 247 well differentiated, 98 moderately differentiated, and 176 poorly differentiated @entity420 were 0.8% (= 2/247), 2.1% (= 2/98), and 8% (14/176), respectively. The cumulative survival rate of 5 years after gastrectomy was 94.2% for the 247 well, 93.3% for the 98 moderately, and 93.7% for the 176 poorly differentiated @entity420 . A pathological study on the atypism of the gland of the @entity5 and the condition of the proprial space under the @entity5 cells was conducted on 100 lesions of well differentiated @entity420 in order to define the criteria of non-surgical endoscopic removal resection for early @entity356 . Out of the 100 lesions mentioned above, there were only two well differentiated @entity420 with @entity1600 in which the boundary between the epithelium of the @entity5 and the proprial space under the @entity5 was very unclear and the interstitial space in the propria under the @entity5 was very small. On the other hand, we have resected 73 @entity356 using the endoscopic surgical method called strip biopsy since 1984, and have followed up these cases. The @entity5 resected by strip biopsy, and were histologically intramucosal well differentiated @entity420 shown to have a moderately maintained interstitial space under the @entity5 cells. And, up to the present, there has been no incidence of recurrence after strip biopsy for the 73 lesions mentioned above. According to these results, we have defined the criterion for early @entity356 endoscopic surgery, as follows. Intramucosal @entity5 which is shown to be well differentiated @entity420 with a moderately maintained interstitial space under the @entity5 cells is considered to be sufficient for non-surgical endoscopic resection.

title: [Definition of the adaptation of endoscopic surgery for early @entity356 . Special examination on the relationship between the histological differentiation of the @entity356 and the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'intramucosal gastric cancer', 'intramucosal gastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the @entity22437 ( @entity22437 ) gene result in the pathogenesis of maturity-onset @entity6 -of-the-young type 3, ( @entity22437 -MODY). This disorder is characterized by a primary defect in metabolism-secretion coupling and decreased beta cell mass, attributed to excessive beta cell apoptosis. Here, we investigated the link between energy stress and apoptosis activation following @entity22437 inactivation. This study employed single cell fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, gene expression analysis, and gene silencing to study the effects of overexpression of dominant-negative (DN)- @entity22437 expression on cellular bioenergetics and apoptosis in INS-1 cells. Induction of DN- @entity22437 expression led to reduced @entity855 levels and diminished the bioenergetic response to @entity413 . This was coupled with activation of the bioenergetic stress sensor @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK), which preceded the onset of apoptosis. Pharmacological activation of AMPK using @entity22438 (AICAR) was sufficient to induce apoptosis in naive cells. Conversely, inhibition of AMPK with compound C or AMPKa gene silencing protected against DN- @entity22437 -induced apoptosis. Interestingly, AMPK mediated the induction of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology domain-3-only protein @entity22439 ( @entity22439 ). @entity22439 expression was also elevated in islets of DN- @entity22437 @entity19 . Furthermore, knockdown of @entity22439 expression in INS-1 cells using siRNA was sufficient to protect against DN- @entity22437 -induced apoptosis. Our study suggests that overexpression of DN- @entity22437 induces bioenergetic stress and activation of AMPK. This in turn mediates the transcriptional activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-homology protein @entity22439 , coupling prolonged energy stress to apoptosis activation.

title: @entity860 -activated protein kinase mediates apoptosis in response to bioenergetic stress through activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology domain-3-only protein XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity22438 :: ('MESH:C031143', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity22437 :: ('21405(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A', 'HNF1A']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity22439 :: (171543(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['BMF']