abstract: The effects of anesthetics on @entity460 metabolism in @entity5434 were studied. Eight adult female @entity5434 were used in a crossover design. Blood was collected from each of the monkeys at four timepoints: (1) while conscious; (2) following induction of anesthesia with @entity3652 , @entity3652 and @entity3897 , @entity5161 , or no anesthetic; (3) at 30 min; and (4) 120 min thereafter. Four experiments were performed with a 1 week washout period between sessions, such that each monkey received each treatment. @entity972 was lower in anesthetized monkeys than in those that remained conscious. @entity701 , although high, did not differ among anesthetic treatments. @entity3652 and @entity3652 / @entity3897 did not consistently affect ionized @entity460 or @entity44832 ( @entity44832 ) concentrations. @entity5161 decreased ionized @entity460 (0.05 mmol/L), and increased @entity44832 and osteocalcin twofold. The serum inorganic @entity1388 concentration was higher in monkeys anesthetized with @entity5161 than with @entity3652 / @entity3897 , which may partially account for the decrease in ionized @entity460 with @entity5161 . The increases in @entity44832 and osteocalcin are presumably secondary to the decrease in ionized @entity460 .

title: The anesthetic @entity5161 decreases ionized @entity460 and increases @entity44832 and osteocalcin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: This study was aimed to characterize the @entity308 -like behaviour in the classical model of @entity32 induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant ( @entity3795 ). Male Swiss @entity19 received an intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of @entity3795 (50   l/paw) or vehicle. Behavioural and inflammatory responses were measured at different time-points (1 to 4 weeks), and different pharmacological tools were tested. The brain levels of @entity1356 and @entity2252 , or @entity2247 expression were also determined. @entity3795 elicited a time-dependent @entity4 formation and mechanical @entity1931 , which was accompanied by a significant increase in the immobility time in the tail suspension (TST) or forced-swimming (FST) @entity308 tests. Repeated administration of the antidepressants @entity2645 (10 mg/kg), @entity905 (20 mg/kg) and @entity752 (30 mg/kg) significantly reversed @entity308 -like behaviour induced by @entity3795 . Predictably, the anti-inflammatory drugs @entity619 (0.5 mg/kg), @entity3352 (10 mg/kg) and @entity12698 (30 mg/kg) markedly reduced @entity3795 -induced @entity4 . The oral treatment with the analgesic drugs @entity10964 (30 and 300 mg/kg) or @entity4481 (30 mg/kg) significantly reversed the mechanical allodyinia induced by @entity3795 . Otherwise, either @entity10964 or @entity4481 (both 30 mg/kg) did not significantly affect the paw @entity4 or the @entity308 -like behaviour induced by @entity3795 , whereas the oral treatment with @entity10964 (300 mg/kg) was able to reduce the immobility time in TST. Noteworthy, @entity3795 -induced @entity4 was reduced by @entity752 (30 mg/kg), and @entity308 behaviour was prevented by @entity12698 (30 mg/kg). The co-treatment with @entity752 and @entity12698 (3 mg/kg each) significantly inhibited both @entity32 and @entity308 elicited by @entity3795 . The same combined treatment reduced the brain levels of @entity1356 , as well as @entity2247 immunopositivity, whilst it failed to affect the reduction of @entity2252 levels. We provide novel evidence on the relationship between @entity32 and @entity308 , suggesting that combination of antidepressant and anti-inflammatory agents @entity752 and @entity12698 might represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for @entity308 .

title: Synergistic effects of @entity12698 and @entity752 in a model of XXXX -related @entity308 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['chronic inflammation']


abstract: We report on a six-year-old @entity1 with frequent partial @entity410 secondary to multiple @entity2477 ( @entity2477 ) since the age of 17 months. MRI showed two @entity2477 in the left parietal and right frontal lobes. Ictal scalp video EEG demonstrated complex partial @entity410 of left hemispheric origin, indicating that the left parietal CA was the @entity75 . Ictal SPECT showed extensive @entity2915 in the left frontal and parietal lobes, indicating the left hemispheric focus. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) showed clustered equivalent current dipoles of interictal spikes in the left parietal cortex adjacent to the left parietal CA. We performed lesionectomy of the left parietal CA at 19 months old. The @entity1 became @entity410 -free for four years. Postoperative MEG yielded no residual interictal spikes. Our study suggests that early surgical intervention of CA may prevent from further development of @entity302 . MEG can identify both the epileptogenic zone and lesion underlying the multiple @entity2477 in the @entity1 with catastrophic partial @entity410 .

title: [An @entity1 with multiple @entity2477 presenting with frequent XXXX - detection of @entity302 focus by magnetoencephalography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-perfusion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous angiomas', 'CAs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Single-gland disease identified by preoperative localization studies in combination with rapid intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring seems to allow a limited exploration of the neck in sporadic @entity459 . Minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy by lateral approach (oMIP) in sporadic @entity459 seems feasible in an @entity4759 region. DESIGN: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with sporadic @entity459 underwent preoperative double-phase technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scanning with single-photon emission computed tomography and high-resolution ultrasonography with color Doppler imaging of the cervical region. All @entity1 were operated on with the use of quick parathyroid hormone assay to confirm the surgical success "on-line." @entity1 with localized single-gland disease, irrespective of additional @entity1374 requiring surgery, were selected for oMIP. Success of the preoperative localization studies, postoperative (at least 6 months) serum @entity460 levels, and operating time were analyzed. SETTING: University hospital, section of endocrine surgery. RESULTS: Of 100 @entity1 , 83 (83%) were considered suitable for oMIP. In 69 @entity1 , oMIP was finished successfully. Nine of these had had previous neck surgery, and another 24 underwent additional ipsilateral thyroid resection. Permanent normocalcemia was achieved in 67 (97.1%) of 69 @entity1 and 98 (98%) of 100 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The oMIP in combination with quick parathyroid hormone assay may become the treatment of choice for sporadic @entity459 in an @entity4759 region in centers with high experience in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. It allows treatment of concomitant @entity1374 and is feasible in reoperations.

title: Minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy in an XXXX area: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['endemic goiter']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral thyroid disease']

answer: @entity4759 :: (MESH:D006043,Disease) :: ['endemic goiter']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A growing number of @entity1 with @entity1028 are currently being offered endoluminal treatment. However, the incidence of @entity1070 , @entity850 , and @entity715 is around 25% to 30%. As a result, a strict post procedure imaging surveillance protocol is necessary. The purpose of this study was to compare duplex ultrasonography (DU) and computed tomography (CT) for the follow-up of endoluminally treated @entity449 . METHODS: A total of 89 @entity1 were followed up with serial CT and DU at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after endoluminal treatment. Special attention was directed toward the presence of @entity1070 and @entity439 diameter evolution. Preoperative CT and DU were also reviewed to assess @entity439 diameter correlation. RESULTS: With DU, 14 type I and 21 @entity1070 were identified. In one case the DU did not visualize a @entity1070 present on CT, and CT did not confirm three type II leaks identified with DU. There was only one false positive for type I endoleak with DU. The sensitivity of DU was 96% with a specificity of 94%, when compared with CT. A linear regression analysis of the diameters obtained with DU and CT revealed a good correlation. However, variability was high, indicating poor agreement. Regarding diameter evolution, the range was identical in 45%, and the trend was similar in 73%. However, in 9% of the cases, DU showed a decrease in diameter, whereas CT showed a significant increase. CONCLUSION: DU is an accurate tool for the diagnosis of @entity1070 , but is less valuable for diameter measurements, when compared with CT. Currently, DU is a useful tool, but CT remains a key part of the postoperative evaluation after endoluminal treatment of @entity1028 . At institutions where DU is used for follow-up, researchers should perform quality control studies to avoid potentially significant errors.

title: Follow-up evaluation of endoluminally treated XXXX with duplex ultrasonography: validation with computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks', 'type II endoleak', 'type II endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: The deposition and clearance of various fibrous materials have been investigated in the @entity35 using radioactive tracer techniques. The materials used include the U.I.C.C. standard reference samples and synthetic mineral fibres. Measurements of total and @entity133 were correlated with the AMADs of the radioactive dust samples which ranged from 1 to 2.5 micron. Although total deposition increases steeply over this range, @entity133 is relatively constant only increasing from about 10 to 13%. @entity133 is lower than in @entity1 , but the maximum in @entity133 appears to occur at a similar aerodynamic diameter. Half times of alveolar clearance, measured over a period of several months following single inhalation exposures, were in the range 60-90 days and no significant difference was observed between amphibole and chrysotile asbestos. Autoradiographs of lung sections indicate that @entity133 is relatively uniform and occurs right up to the periphery of the lung. Over a period of several months the uniform distribution alters to one in which fibres accumulate in foci which are mainly subpleural. These foci act as centres for the development of @entity82 .

title: Deposition and clearance of inhaled fibrous minerals in the XXXX . Studies using radioactive tracer techniques.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['nodular fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['Alveolar deposition', 'alveolar deposition']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The technique of comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) has until recently been used to screen for common genomic abnormalities in fresh @entity5 material; it has identified previously unrecognised regions of amplification associated with poor prognosis subtypes of @entity0 . Our group has applied this technique to resistant cell lines and their sensitive counterparts in order to define @entity2008 associated with acquired drug resistance. We have demonstrated the applicability of this technique to the study of drug resistance using cell lines with known mechanisms of resistance. The ability to detect novel genomic alterations in cell lines with novel mechanisms of resistance was also demonstrated. We subsequently examined the CGH profiles of seven different cell lines made resistant to three @entity902 analogues and showed the most consistent abnormalities to involve over-representation of regions 4q and 6q. More recently, we have applied the CGH technique to a series of testicular germ cell @entity5 (TGCTs) collected as @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from @entity1 , both pre- and post-therapy using a @entity902 -based regimen (POMB/ACE). Previous reports have shown over-representation of X, 7q, 8q and 12p and loss of 13q to occur in 25% of primary TGCTs. Over-representation of 12p was confirmed in the majority of these biopsy samples; deletion of 13q was noted in the initial biopsies of several @entity1 . We also demonstrated alterations of 4p, 4q, 5q and 6q in this series of @entity1 . Newly acquired deletions of 2q and 18q and amplifications of 8q were frequently observed in post-chemotherapy samples from resistant @entity5 . The CGH studies on these @entity1 with @entity2969 will not only enable us to correlate our observations on clinical material with those from long-term cell lines, but should also identify sites of key genes involved in clinical @entity902 resistance.

title: A molecular cytogenetic approach to studying XXXX resistance.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer and lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: AIM: This study describes, in detail, the phenotype of late-onset @entity2000 (L-ORMD) an @entity74 affecting both the retina and anterior segment. A staging based on clinical characteristics is proposed, and the relevance of this condition to current understanding of age-related @entity1020 is discussed. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature regarding this condition supports a detailed description of the natural history. Clinical experiences in identifying, monitoring and managing @entity1 are also presented. RESULTS: L-ORMD is a rare fully penetrant @entity74 resulting from a mutation in the @entity23958 gene on chromosome 11. Affected individuals develop bilateral @entity1018 , dark-adaptation abnormalities, fundus drusen-like yellow spots, @entity2118 , @entity3193 , @entity5066 and long anteriorly inserted lens zonules. @entity1 may benefit from treatment with high-dose @entity904 . CONCLUSIONS: Raised awareness of L-ORMD should lead to earlier diagnosis and improved care for patients. New antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment may provide a new possibility for management. A deeper insight into molecular and genetic mechanisms of L-ORMD may suggest avenues to explore new treatments of this disorder.

title: Republished review. [corrected] Late-onset XXXX : clinical insights into an inherited @entity2000 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['midperipheral pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited condition', 'autosomal dominant condition']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularisation']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity2000 :: (MESH:D012162,Disease) :: ['retinal macular degeneration']


abstract: @entity2500 is associated with a mortality rate of 80% under conservative treatment. @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) reduces mortality and improves the functional outcome of surviving @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to examine quality of life (QoL) and @entity4934 in @entity1 with space-occupying @entity1188 of the right- or left-sided hemisphere at 6 months after @entity64 . The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) was used to assess QoL in 19 out of 29 consecutive @entity1 that underwent @entity5663 after a @entity2500 (14 on the right and 5 on the left hemisphere). Behavioral changes were evaluated with the Frontal Behavioral Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. @entity1 and relatives were also asked if, knowing the present outcome, they would agree again, in retrospect, to a @entity5663 . Barthel Index >60 was seen in 37% of our @entity1 . Functional outcome was related to age. We found a higher reduction in the SIP's physical domain than in the psychosocial domain. @entity308 were present in 50% of the @entity1 . We didn't find significant differences in QoL or functional outcome between @entity1 with right or left-sided @entity1188 . The most frequent @entity4934 were @entity998 , apathy, reduced @entity17017 and @entity146 . Most @entity1 and their relatives would again give consent to hemicraniectomy. The results show that younger @entity1 had a significantly better outcome. QoL seems to be acceptable in both left- and right-sided @entity1188 , and retrospective agreement to hemicraniectomy is high in both @entity1 and their relatives.

title: Quality of life and neurobehavioral changes in survivors of malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decreased speech output']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['malignant MCA infarction', 'Malignant middle cerebral artery (MMCA) infarction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['Decompressive hemicraniectomy', 'DH']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral deficits', 'neurobehavioral symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity17017 :: ('MESH:D005598', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneity']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery infarction']


abstract: We report an 80-year-old @entity1 with hemichorea probably due to @entity7776 . She visited our hospital because of gait disturbance and decreased mental activity. She was diagnosed as @entity385 and treated with 100 mg/day of @entity7776 . After two weeks she showed @entity4790 of the face and right arm and leg. @entity1767 was administered and her @entity4790 disappeared. Brain MRI showed @entity385 in the white matter. There was no lesion in the left basal ganglia. SPECT showed hyperperfusion in the left basal ganglia when @entity4790 appeared. After @entity4790 disappeared, SPECT showed no asymmetrical blood flow. These findings suggest hemichorea was related to @entity6392 of dopaminergic neurons in the left basal ganglia.

title: [A case of @entity385 associated with hemichorea induced by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['choreic movement']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfunction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity7776 :: (MESH:D000547,Chemical) :: ['amantadine hydrochloride']


abstract: Once daily topical treatment of @entity1569 with @entity56593 ointment (4 micrograms/g) was compared with twice daily treatment with @entity2116 ointment (50 micrograms/g) in a double-blind, randomized study over a treatment period of 8 weeks. The severity of @entity111 , erythema, infiltration and scaling was scored on a scale from 0 to 4. These features were scored at the initiation of treatment, after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of treatment, and at 4 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. The sum score was the total score for erythema, infiltration and scaling. Serum levels of @entity460 , @entity1391 , ionized @entity460 and intact parathyroid hormone were used as safety parameters. Two hundred and eighty-seven adults with stable @entity1569 participated and were treated at least once. Both @entity56593 and @entity2116 ointments effectively reduced the severity of @entity1569 . The mean reduction in the sum score in the intention-to-treat population of 287 @entity1 was 4.03 in the group treated with @entity56593 compared with 5.05 in the group treated with @entity2116 . The mean baseline sum scores were 7.64 and 7.15, respectively. The acceptability of both ointments was excellent, and none of the @entity1 had adverse effects in terms of increased serum @entity460 or other alterations in @entity460 metabolism. Although less effective than @entity2116 ointment used twice daily, @entity56593 ointment is an effective and useful once daily treatment of chronic @entity1569 .

title: Once daily treatment of @entity1569 with @entity56593 compared with twice daily treatment with XXXX . A double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriol']

entities_list: @entity56593 :: ('MESH:C023850', 'Chemical') :: ['tacalcitol']

answer: @entity2116 :: (MESH:C055085,Chemical) :: ['calcipotriol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Individuals chronically abusing organic solvents have been reported in the medical literature for almost four decades to have a variety of @entity16 . Most have been single case reports or studies in small numbers of individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurologic and neuropsychologic effects of chronic solvent abuse in a larger group of individuals and compare the results to a control group of other drug abusers. Attempts to estimate a dose-response relationship between solvent abuse and either neuropsychological tests or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities were also undertaken. METHODS: A sample of 55 solvent abusers was compared to a sample of 61 users of other drugs, especially @entity2072 and @entity167 , on a battery of cognitive and neuropsychological tests. Fifty of the solvent abusers and 51 members of the comparison sample also underwent MRI of the brain. Comparisons were made by means of multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. RESULTS: Compared to the general population, both groups performed poorly, scoring below the mean on most neuropsychological measures. Solvent abusers performed more poorly than the comparison sample on measures of working memory and executive cognitive functions. Both groups showed evidence of abnormal MRI findings, but a greater percentage of the solvent abuse group showed such abnormalities. No clear dose-response relationship was seen between solvent abuse and abnormalities on neuropsychological tests, but a strong dose-response relationship was seen in the presence of @entity854 . CONCLUSION: The findings in this study document widespread @entity73 , which could not be attributed to the effects of solvents entirely. These findings expand upon previous data regarding @entity16 in solvent abusers, by demonstrating a dose-response relationship with @entity854 . An unexpected finding was the high prevalence of @entity73 and @entity854 among the comparison group. The results of this study has implications regarding low-level solvent exposure, as in the occupational setting, suggesting that MRI may be a more useful tool to sort out the presence of @entity16 rather than neuropsychological tests. Since no dose-response relationship was seen between solvent abuse and neuropsychological testing, reliance upon these tests in assessing @entity16 from solvents is a highly dubious practice.

title: XXXX and @entity854 associated with chronic solvent abuse.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'neuropsychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury', 'neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MRI abnormalities']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Neuropsychologic impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the changing trends of @entity1956 markers tested at Aga Khan University Hospital clinical laboratory according to the internationally recognised classification of @entity1956 profile. METHODS: The retrospective study involved analysis of laboratory records of @entity1956 profiles of all @entity1 collected from January 2001 to December 2008 at the Aga Khan University Hospital's clinical laboratory. @entity1 with complete profile tested were categorised according to the Centre for Diseases Control classification of @entity1956 profile. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 185,825 @entity1 had serological markers for @entity1956 tested. Mean-age of reactive @entity1956 surface antigen (HBsAg) @entity1 was 30+/-12.5 years. HBsAg reactivity was significantly higher in males than females (34% vs 12%; p <0.0001). HBsAg showed a slight decline in the percentage reactivity during the 8-year study period, while a gradual increase in @entity1956 surface antibody (HBsAb) reactivity was observed. Of the total, 23% @entity1 belonged to the 'susceptible to infection' category; 39% @entity1 were classified as 'chronically-ill'; 12% @entity1 were categorised as 'immune due to @entity1956 vaccination. 3% @entity1 were classed as 'acutely infected'. Overall, samples received from Peshawar, Quetta and Larkana showed very high reactivity rates. CONCLUSION: The study substantiated the general perception that levels of HBsAg is showing a decreasing trend, while levels of HBsAb are increasing perhaps due to better vaccination of population.

title: Changing trends of XXXX seromarkers amongst Pakistani population: a laboratory-based review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: @entity170 is most prevalent in @entity1 over the age of 50 as the hormonal influence of @entity172 on bone health dissipates with the onset of menopause. The progressive changes in bone structure, quality and density lead to pathological @entity174 and an increase in morbidity and mortality among menopausal @entity1 . This review will examine the 2010 North American Menopause Society (NAMS) position statement and other recent publications to summarize the data and combinations of therapies used to treat @entity1 50 years or older with @entity170 . To review the latest research and guidelines for @entity170 management we performed a PubMed search using the parameters Linked to free full text, @entity1 , Female, Review, English, Middle Age (45-64 years and 45+ years), Age 65+ years, and published in the last five years. Articles were sorted by relevance and hand searching of these articles was done to further increase the yield. While a perfect treatment has yet to be discovered to completely cure this progressive disease, many breakthroughs have been made in order to prevent @entity174 and improve quality of life. @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation are recommended for @entity1 undergoing pharmacological treatment, however, trials looking at their effectiveness have mixed findings. @entity171 are considered the first line therapy in the treatment of @entity170 and reduce @entity174 by 40% to 70% and @entity174 by 20% to 35%. @entity175 showed promise during early trials in 2000 with a 33% reduction in @entity174 but these results have not been replicated and this therapy is now relegated to a second line treatment. Teriparatide is recommended for @entity1 with severe @entity170 and has been shown to reduce @entity174 65% and @entity174 53%. Selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs) are another useful therapy resulting in a 55% reduction in @entity174 without any documented advantage when looking at @entity174 . The currently available SERMs for this indication include @entity441 , available in the USA, and @entity178 , in Europe. @entity172 is effective, with a 27% reduction in @entity174 , but often is reserved for concomitant use for other menopausal symptoms or in @entity1 intolerant of other available @entity170 therapies. The newly approved monoclonal antibody for @entity170 treatment in postmenopausal @entity1 , denosumab, leads to a 68% and 19% @entity174 , respectively. In conclusion, the 2010 NAMS position statement provides an excellent framework to discuss treatment options with @entity1 . Lifestyle optimization should be the bedrock of any good treatment approach. When pharmacological intervention is warranted, many good therapies are available which have been shown to reduce the risk of @entity174 in @entity3604 @entity1 . Any treatment plan, however, will be ineffective if the @entity1 is not compliant. Therefore, a detailed discussion regarding each therapeutic intervention should ensue, including its usefulness and side effects.

title: @entity170 management in post-menopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity178 :: ('MESH:C447119', 'Chemical') :: ['bazedoxifene']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'non-vertebral fractures', 'reduction of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Up to 40% of the @entity1 with @entity3123 are not fit for curative resection due to the locally advanced nature of the disease in the form of vascular involvement. In recent years a more aggressive approach of vascular resection with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has resulted in the increase in resectability rate and survival in this group of @entity1 . The most important determinant of survival in these @entity1 is negative resection margins. The aim of the present study is to present our experience of vascular resection using a modified technique, in @entity1 with @entity788 . METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective study of 48 @entity1 who underwent portal vein/superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) resection along with PD using the modified technique of resection, during 1982-2004. The principle modification is the initial extensive retroperitoneal dissection for the assessment of the extent of @entity5 involvement of the superior mesenteric vessels and division of retroperitoneal margin before the division of the pancreas. All @entity1 also underwent extended lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: The subtotal PD was done in 26 and total PD in 22 @entity1 , with resection of the PV/SMV in all of them. The end-to-end @entity254 was possible after adequate mobilization of the PV and SMV in 40 @entity1 . In 4 @entity1 reconstruction was able to be done with the use of a graft. The portal vein occlusion time was 8-15 minutes. Histopathological examination showed negative margins in all the resected specimens. @entity260 occurred in 16.66% with reoperation rate of 8.33%, and mortality of 6.25%. After a mean follow-up of 110 months, mean survival was 40 months with the range of 18-250 months. The five-year and 10-year survival was 18% and 10% respectively. The venous patency rate was 100% at three years. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, PD with en bloc resection of the PV/SMV confluence can safely be done with morbidity and mortality similar to that of standard PD. The survival advantage is directly related to the attainment of negative resection margins. The modified technique is a useful way of doing vascular resection with the least amount of bowel congestion and securing negative resection margins.

title: XXXX with portal vein involvement--our experience with a modified technique of resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: A case of metastatic @entity259 from sigmoid @entity694 is presented. A 52-year-old @entity1 had a sigmoidectomy due to @entity420 of the sigmoid colon in April 1988. Serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) levels gradually rose from July 1990 along with multiple metastatic lesions which appeared in the lung. They were resected in January 1991. Two months later the subject noticed a painless and firm lump on the left anterior neck. She was found to have a solitary mass in the left thyroid lobe. Thyroid function remained within normal range. Cytological findings obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy showed @entity189 cells with an acinar pattern. Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed, and histological examination revealed @entity420 from @entity694 . Immunohistochemical staining by anti- @entity787 was positive but anti-thyroglobulin was negative.

title: [ XXXX of the sigmoid colon to the thyroid gland].

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['tall columnar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Metastatic carcinoma']


abstract: We performed a meta-analysis of 38 articles containing 66 treatment groups and 3443 @entity1 in order to evaluate prognostic factors in @entity43 . To evaluate overall survival we designed a method to summarize the overall survival curve into one single figure: the log (relative risk) (LRR). This is the first meta-analysis using overall survival (measured with the LRR) as an objective. We found that the main prognostic factors predicting an improved survival (measured with the LRR) are: chemotherapy including @entity900 as initial treatment, a @entity5 mass of less than 2 cm prior to therapy, FIGO stage II/III and a good performance status. In a multivariate model, the use of @entity900 and the @entity5 were found to be the only factors of prognostic relevance. No relation between median survival and the overall clinical response rate of all @entity1 entered in the denominator, could be demonstrated. Undifferentiated @entity5 and @entity1 treated with @entity900 regimens had higher response rates to treatment but younger @entity1 and those with endometrioid histology were less likely to respond. A surgical complete remission was encountered more frequently among studies that included a high number of @entity1 with @entity5 masses prior to treatment. Trials using @entity900 included more @entity1 with @entity5 nodules in their @entity1 material compared to studies not using this drug. The data illustrate the danger of comparing studies with each other. In the trials with a high percentage of @entity1 with @entity5 residuals in the study population more toxic deaths were seen. This probably reflects the fact that they had received more intensive treatment. The LRR correlated strongly with the median survival, response and the percentage of surgical complete remissions. We concluded that the introduction of the LRR can be a meaningful addition to the evaluation of the influence of prognostic factors on overall survival.

title: A meta-analysis of prognostic factors in advanced XXXX with median survival and overall survival (measured with the log (relative risk)) as main objectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'small tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the last decade, many molecular alterations have been described for @entity3123 . However, the clinical and prognostic value of these alterations has been discussed and is controversial. METHODS: An immunohistochemical study was performed in 82 cases of @entity420 . Using specific antibodies, expression of @entity43991 , @entity1722 , @entity876 , @entity994 , @entity4910 , @entity588 , @entity1197 and KI67 was evaluated. RESULTS: Overexpression of the different molecules was found in 44-69% of the @entity3123 . With regard to clinico-pathological features, @entity876 positivity was more frequently found in advanced and undifferentiated @entity5 (P<0.05), @entity4179 overexpression was significantly more frequent in advanced @entity5 (P<0.05) and @entity1197 overexpression was observed to a greater extent in undifferentiated @entity5 (P<0.05). Besides @entity4910 , none of the molecules tested was of prognostic significance. @entity1 whose @entity5 expressed @entity1364 -DI lived significantly shorter than @entity1 with @entity4910 -negative @entity5 . However, in subgroup analyses of @entity1 with the same @entity5 stage or @entity5 grade, even @entity4910 . expression had no prognostic significance. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the prognostic significance of the molecules tested here is low. Nevertheless, with regard to tumorigenesis and @entity5 biology of @entity3123 , determination of molecular alterations could provide important information about @entity788 .

title: Prognostic significance of molecular alterations in @entity1 XXXX --an immunohistological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, no study has compared the clinical characteristics, @entity5 associations, and treatment of @entity6017 in predominantly Caucasian vs. Asian populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted to compare clinical characteristics of @entity6017 , its relationship to @entity5 , and treatment between two tertiary medical centers in the USA and Singapore. A total of 19 newly-diagnosed @entity1 in the USA and 15 @entity1 in Singapore were enrolled. @entity6017 or @entity8817 were diagnosed based on clinical assessment, skin and muscle biopsies, and muscle testing. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of @entity1 in the USA group were of Caucasian descent, while 93% of @entity1 in the Singapore group were of Chinese descent. Both groups were predominantly female. @entity111 was the most common initial symptom reported in both groups, while periungual erythema and Gottron's papules were the most common skin presentations. @entity203 was more common in the Singapore group, occurring in 80% of @entity1 vs. 32% of @entity1 in the USA group (P = 0.007). Three @entity1 in the Singapore group developed a @entity5 , with two of these @entity1 having @entity189 . None of the USA @entity1 developed @entity5 in a follow- up period of 2-5 years. Immunosuppressive @entity134 sparing therapy with @entity6383 was more frequently used in Singapore, while topical @entity1140 was more frequently used in the USA. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentations of @entity6017 vary among different ethnic populations. Chinese @entity1 with @entity6017 have a significant risk for @entity189 .

title: A comparative study of clinical characteristics, work-up, treatment, and association to XXXX in @entity6017 between two tertiary skin centers in the USA and Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatomyositis', 'dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['Heliotrope eruption']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['amyopathic dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) is commonly caused by mutations in the @entity754 gene ( @entity754 ), in the @entity755 gene ( @entity755 ), or in the proprotein convertase subtilisin kexine 9 gene ( @entity756 ). @entity74 subjects carrying a mutation in @entity754 present highly variable plasma LDL- @entity165 (LDL-C). This variability might be due to environmental factors or the effect of some modifying genes such as @entity756 and @entity2204 . AIMS: We investigated the molecular basis of thirteen Tunisian @entity74 families and attempted to determine the impact of @entity756 and @entity2204 gene variations on LDL- @entity165 levels and on the variable phenotypic expression of the disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty six subjects were screened for mutations in the @entity754 gene through direct sequencing. The causative mutation was found to segregate with the disease in each family and a new frameshift mutation, p.Met767CysfsX21, was identified in one family. The distribution of total- and LDL- @entity165 levels, adjusted for age and gender, among homozygous and heterozygous @entity74 @entity1 varied widely. Within seven families, nine subjects presented low LDL- @entity165 levels despite carrying a mutation in the @entity754 gene. To identify the molecular actors underlying this phenotypic variability, the @entity756 gene was screened using direct sequencing and/or enzymatic restriction analysis, and the @entity2204 genotypes were determined. A new missense variation ( @entity52420 ) in the @entity756 gene was identified and characterized as a new putative loss-of-function mutation. CONCLUSION: Genetic variations in @entity756 and @entity2204 genes could explain only part of the variability observed in the phenotypic expression in Tunisian @entity74 @entity1 carrying mutations in the @entity754 gene. Other genetic variants and environmental factors very probably act to fully explain this phenotypic variability.

title: Effect of mutations in @entity754 and XXXX genes on phenotypic variability in Tunisian familial hypercholesterolemia @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['LDLR', 'low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['APOB', 'apolipoprotein B-100']

entities_list: @entity52420 :: ('p|SUB|P|174|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Pro174Ser']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia', 'ADH']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity756 :: (255738,Gene) :: ['PCSK9']


abstract: 1. The effects of haemoglobin and @entity6693 on the @entity934 ( @entity1617 )-induced electrical and mechanical responses of smooth muscle cells were investigated in @entity35 aorta and @entity35 main pulmonary artery. 2. When the endothelium was intact, @entity1617 induced a transient hyperpolarization and sustained relaxation of tissues precontracted with @entity1063 . Both hyperpolarization and relaxation were absent in preparations without endothelium. 3. @entity4121 and @entity6693 inhibited the @entity1617 -induced relaxation, but not the transient hyperpolarization. 4. In aorta with an intact endothelium, @entity1617 produced an increase in both the rate of 86Rb efflux and tissue @entity8262 levels. The changes in ion flux were unaffected by either haemoglobin or @entity6693 in concentrations which almost abolished the increase in @entity8262 concentrations. 5. In arteries with an intact endothelium, @entity3352 had no effect on the @entity1617 -induced electrical and mechanical responses or on the increase in 86Rb efflux and tissue @entity8262 levels. 6. It is concluded that in the @entity35 aorta and @entity35 main pulmonary artery, @entity1617 releases two different substances, an @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) and a hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), from the endothelial cells. Neither substance appears to be derived from a pathway dependent on cyclo-oxygenase. EDHF seems to play a minor role in the relaxation of @entity1063 -induced contractions.

title: @entity934 releases endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and XXXX from @entity35 blood vessels.

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['EDRF', 'endothelium-derived relaxing factor']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity4121 :: ('CHEBI:35143', 'Chemical') :: ['Haemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4059 :: (MESH:D007020,Disease) :: ['EDRF']


abstract: An integrated series of studies was presented in which several factors were assessed as to their capability to influence the outcome of carcinogenicity of @entity16748 in @entity19 . In all studies C57BL/6J X C3HeB/FeJ F1 @entity19 of both sexes were utilized. Animals were either 6 or 1 week of age at the beginning of carcinogenic treatment. Six-week-old @entity19 were exposed to p.o. administration of carcinogen delivered either in food (50 or 100 ppm daily) or by stomach intubation at equivalent dose levels at twice-weekly intervals. In addition, a 150-ppm dose level in food was administered for 39, 54, or 84 weeks. A limited 3-week, daily intubation of @entity16748 (30 or 100 mug/ @entity19 ) was also explored in 1- and 6-week-old @entity19 . Animals were killed in all studies at 90 weeks of age, at which time their @entity5 incidence was evaluated. Depending upon experimental conditions, @entity16748 treatment effected development of @entity96 , lung @entity652 . @entity9296 , and @entity5 . Continuous feeding of adult @entity19 for 84 weeks at three dose levels of @entity16748 resulted in development of @entity96 with a positive dose-response relationship in both sexes. The analysis of data revealed a greater susceptibility of females than of males (94% versus 44% at 150 ppm). Twice-weekly administration of @entity16748 by stomach intubation was shown to be less hepatocarcinogenic than continuous feeding of equivalent amounts. In the series in which male @entity19 were fed food containing 150 ppm of @entity16748 for only 34 or 54 weeks, in contrast to the above 84-week schedule, a negative relationship was observed between the incidence of @entity96 and the duration of treatment. Daily administration of 30 mug of @entity16748 to @entity1 by stomach intubation for a 3-week period significantly enhanced development of @entity96 only in males (66%). Introduction of 150 ppm of @entity16748 into food offered to mother and offspring from delivery to weaning led to development of @entity96 in 95% of male @entity19 and in 5% of females. No @entity96 developed following similar 3-week treatment of 6-week-old adults.

title: Factors modulating XXXX carcinogenicity bioassay.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lymphoreticular neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['Harderian gland cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity16748 :: ('MESH:C029876', 'Chemical') :: ['benzidine dihydrochloride', 'benzidine']

answer: @entity16748 :: (MESH:C029876,Chemical) :: ['benzidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Film mammography has limited sensitivity for the detection of @entity0 in @entity1 with radiographically dense breasts. We assessed whether the use of digital mammography would avoid some of these limitations. METHODS: A total of 49,528 asymptomatic @entity1 presenting for screening mammography at 33 sites in the United States and Canada underwent both digital and film mammography. All relevant information was available for 42,760 of these @entity1 (86.3 percent). Mammograms were interpreted independently by two radiologists. @entity0 status was ascertained on the basis of a breast biopsy done within 15 months after study entry or a follow-up mammogram obtained at least 10 months after study entry. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the results. RESULTS: In the entire population, the diagnostic accuracy of digital and film mammography was similar (difference between methods in the area under the ROC curve, 0.03; 95 percent confidence interval, -0.02 to 0.08; P=0.18). However, the accuracy of digital mammography was significantly higher than that of film mammography among @entity1 under the age of 50 years (difference in the area under the curve, 0.15; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.25; P=0.002), @entity1 with heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breasts on mammography (difference, 0.11; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.18; P=0.003), and premenopausal or perimenopausal @entity1 (difference, 0.15; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.24; P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The overall diagnostic accuracy of digital and film mammography as a means of screening for @entity0 is similar, but digital mammography is more accurate in @entity1 under the age of 50 years, @entity1 with radiographically dense breasts, and premenopausal or perimenopausal @entity1 . (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00008346.)

title: Diagnostic performance of digital versus film mammography for XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast-cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast-cancer']


abstract: Ionic channel properties of @entity934 receptors located in, in the vicinity of, or far away from a frog neuromuscular junction were investigated by noise analysis of drug induced current fluctuations. For drugs applied to the junction, in certain cases two Lorentzian curves were necessary to describe the data. It is postulated that the reason for this observation is that a contribution from perijunctional receptors was being observed. The conductance of a single channel in the junction was independent of the nature of the agonist and had an average value of 17.9 pS (temperature range 8-25 degrees C, solution buffered with Tris). After denervation for 21 days the conductance gamma was 7.5 pS at extrajunctional locations. In the close neighbourhood of the junction (peri-junctional receptors) values were found between 4 and 19 pS. The mean value of the open channel life-time tau in the endplate exposed to @entity934 was 2.4 ms at 8-11 degrees C. This value was 0.90 ms with @entity5402 , 0.50 ms with @entity2900 , 0.28 ms with @entity8427 and 0.45 ms with @entity1239 . The receptors outside the endplate exhibited tau-values which at a given temperature were 2-3 times larger than those at the endplate. Raising the temperature to 23 degrees C reduced all tau-values by factors of 2-3. It is concluded that at least two types of @entity1617 -receptors with different properties exist in the muscle membrane, possibly produced by @entity1617 -receptive units in different states of aggregation.

title: Junctional and extrajunctional XXXX receptors in normal and denervated frog muscle fibres. Noise analysis experiments with different agonists.

entities_list: @entity8427 :: ('MESH:C033019', 'Chemical') :: ['decamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: A study of 260 @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) who underwent bilateral bone marrow biopsy at initial diagnosis showed @entity236 in 99 (38%) cases. The highest incidence of disease (83%) was seen in @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) and the lowest (19%) in @entity4812 ( @entity4812 ). Among cases with positive marrows, disease was bilateral in all 15 cases of @entity1072 but in only 10 of 20 (50%) of the @entity4812 cases. In 30 of 99 (30%) positive @entity236 was unilateral. @entity706 were strongly associated with a paratrabecular pattern, with 40 of 45 positive cases showing this. Discordant histology was seen in six of 20 positive cases of @entity4812 and two of 37 positive cases of follicular small cleaved cell lymphomas (FSCCL). A bone marrow aspirate was positive in only 56 of the 99 (57%) cases. @entity1503 was present in 15% of the bone marrow positive cases and in 6% of the cases overall. The incidence of @entity236 varies with the histological subtype of @entity706 . The paratrabecular pattern is associated with @entity706 , and bilateral biopsy specimens increase the positivity rate in most subtypes of @entity1893 .

title: Value of bilateral bone marrow biopsy specimens in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma', 'Follicular lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['DLCL', 'diffuse large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['small lymphocytic lymphoma', 'SLL']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral blood disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrows disease', 'marrow disease']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: In @entity3039 , platelet-associated IgG (PA-IgG) frequently displays specificity against glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa and/or GP IbIX. Because in a high proportion of @entity1 positive PA-IgG may not be explained by these GP specificities, studies on other target proteins are needed. We studied the presence of @entity35555 -specific PA-IgG by direct monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) with the monoclonal antibody SW16. We focused on 69 consecutive random @entity1 with histories of @entity882 who were strongly positive for PA-IgG detected by the direct platelet immunofluorescence test (PIFT). PA-IgG against @entity35555 (ratio > or = 1.5) was noted in 15 (22%) @entity1 . The degree of PA-IgG measured by PIFT, and of GP IIbIIIa-and/or GP IbIX-specific PA-IgG measured by direct MAIPA, correlated directly with the @entity35555 -specific PA-IgG (P < 0.001). In one @entity1 , @entity35555 -specific antibodies were associated with @entity5126 -induced @entity882 . Although this @entity1 had strongly positive @entity35555 -specific PA-IgG, she remained negative in GP IIbIIIa- and GP IbIX-specific direct MAIPA. Two @entity1 studied because of @entity882 associated with gold therapy had strongly positive @entity35555 -specific PA-IgG. In one @entity1 with @entity309 and severe gold-induced @entity882 , the amount of @entity35555 -specific PA-IgG decreased during the recovery phase. Thus, @entity35555 may represent an important target antigen in autoimmune-mediated @entity882 , especially in drug-induced @entity882 .

title: Glycoprotein V-specific platelet-associated antibodies in @entity882 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In anesthetized @entity1707 , the left anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated and perfused at constant blood flow levels during two grades of @entity63 . In one group (n = 10), moderate @entity63 reduced percent systolic wall thickening (by sonomicrometry) from 25 +/- 7% to 6 +/- 2%, whereas in the other group (n = 7), severe @entity63 reduced percent wall thickening from 24 +/- 6% to -0.5 +/- 4%. Heart rate was paced in both groups at 91 beats/min. After reperfusion and complete return to control conditions, administration of the bradycardic agent UL-FS 49 (0.37 mg/kg i.v.) decreased the heart rate to 55 +/- 5 beats/min. During subsequent @entity63 at the same coronary inflow as before @entity1168 , percent wall thickening in the ischemic zone during moderate @entity63 was increased from 6 +/- 2% to 25 +/- 6% (p less than 0.01) (not significantly different from control without @entity63 ), and during severe @entity63 , percent wall thickening increased from -0.5 +/- 4% to 13 +/- 7% (p less than 0.01). During moderate @entity63 , @entity1168 caused an increase in the subendocardial blood flow from 0.24 +/- 0.60 to 0.42 +/- 0.17 (ml/min)/g (p less than 0.009) and during severe @entity63 , @entity1168 caused an increase from 0.14 +/- 0.08 to 0.2 +/- 0.1 (ml/min)/g (p less than 0.001). At each level of @entity63 , a more marked improvement occurred in subendocardial blood flow per beat ([(ml/min)/g]/heart rate). The relation between myocardial blood flow and wall function at a heart rate of 55 beats/min (n = 14) was plotted and compared with that studied at a heart rate of 122 beats/min in another group of @entity1707 (n = 14). The @entity101 per minute during @entity1168 was not sufficient to explain the striking increase in function; thus, an independent relation (p less than 0.05) between blood flow per minute and contractile function (percent wall thickening) was found for for each heart rate. In contrast, when myocardial blood flow was normalized for heart rate and expressed per beat, data from both heart rate groups could be described by a single relation. Thus, the subendocardial blood flow per beat predicted wall function independently of heart rate and accounted for changes in both @entity26 supply and demand.

title: Mechanisms of improved ischemic regional dysfunction by XXXX . Studies on UL-FS 49 in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in subendocardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['bradycardia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In all lesions of the facial nerve suprachoroidally localized, and due to disturbance of parasympathetic and sympathetic component, there comes to qualitative and quantitative disorders of the secretion of submandibular salivary gland. Glandular immunoglobulins IgA and IgG are the secretion of the specific plasma cells in the interstice of this gland. The mechanism of the secretion of immunoglobulins is not sufficiently clear, but it is certainly under the direct neurogenic control, since the disorders of the secretion emerge after the denervation of the submandibular salivary gland. The aim of the study was to prove the direct relation between the degree of submandibular immunoglobulin secretion IgA and IgG, and the degree of the lesion of the @entity2103 which is vitally important in the clinical estimation of the @entity3541 of this nerve. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 35 @entity1 with peripheral idiopathic @entity3541 , the quantity of the secreted immunoglobulins IgA and IgG was examined by laser nephelometar BLN, Module 3. The quantity of the secreted immunoglobulins IgA and IgG (mg lit) in the saliva of the paralysed side was indirectly compared to the secreted immunoglobulins of the healthy, i.e. control side. The examination was performed three times: a) after the appearance of the disease, in the first 30 days; b) two to three months later; c) after six to twelve months. RESULTS: The quantity of the secreted immunoglobulins is significantly higher in the saliva samples taken from the paralysed side (9.50U204.77 mg lit), in comparison with the samples taken from the healthy side (9.50U70.36 mg lit). In the group of @entity1 with favourable results and significantly higher secretion (p 0.01) normalization occurred in the final period of observation. In @entity1 with unfavourable results the difference in secretion was continuously present (p 0.05) (table 1). DISCUSSION: In the lesions of the facial nerve suprachoroidally localized, there comes to disorder concerning the secretion of immunoglobulins IgA and IgG by submandibular salivary gland, which can be applied in the estimation of the degree of @entity912 and the prognosis of the final result. CONCLUSION: The results of the research show that in the peripheral idiopathic @entity3541 , there comes to increased secretion of immunoglobulins IgA and IgG in submandibular gland, at the paralysed side. In the @entity1 who, during the @entity912 , show quicker fall and normalization of the previously increased quantities of immunoglobulins, the recovery of the motor function of the facial nerve comes more successfully and more certainly. The degree of the secretion of immunoglobulins IgA and IgG can be used for the estimation of the severely of the pathological process in the suprachoroidal part of the nerve, and it can be used as a reliable parameter for the prognosis of the @entity912 outcome.

title: [Submandibular secretion of immunoglobulins IgA and IgG in XXXX of the facial nerve].

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral paralysis', 'facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve U']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['peripheral paralysis']


abstract: This report describes the effects of @entity8854 ( @entity367 ) introduced into the perilymph of scala tympani on the spontaneous and tone-evoked activity of @entity840 single primary auditory afferents. Concentrations below 2 mmol/l were in general ineffective, while a concentration of 5 mmol/l caused a marked decrease of the neural activity. At 2 mmol/l, roughly 60% of the @entity367 -perfusions were effective and produced a variety of changes. The most prominent effect was a reduction of the tone-evoked activity without a change in spontaneous rate. Indeed, in some cells, the tone-evoked activity could be almost totally abolished without affecting the spontaneous activity. More rarely observed was a moderate, generally transient increase of the spontaneous activity which was occasionally followed by a decrease in both tone-evoked and spontaneous firing rate. The increase in firing rate was always small relative to the maximum discharge rate evoked by tone stimuli. Desensitization of the @entity367 -evoked response without an obvious change in the spontaneous activity was also found. In a few cells @entity367 caused a reduction of the discharge rate below the spontaneous firing rate during loud tone presentation. Higher @entity367 doses generally caused a reduction of spontaneous and tone-evoked activity without any sign of a preceding increase. Thus, the effects of @entity367 in the @entity1 cochlea appear to be complex and on balance seem inconsistent with the effects predicted for an excitatory transmitter. The findings argue against the hypothesis that @entity367 is the afferent transmitter released by inner hair-cells. However, the results do not exclude an involvement of @entity367 as a neuromodulator or co-transmitter.

title: Effects of @entity8854 on auditory afferent activity in view of its proposed excitatory transmitter role in the XXXX cochlea.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Noncemented implants are the primary choice for younger @entity1 undergoing total hip replacements. However, the major concern in this group of @entity1 regarding revision is the concern from wear particles, periimplant @entity32 , and subsequently aseptic implant loosening. Macrophages have been shown to liberate gold ions through the process termed dissolucytosis. Furthermore, gold ions are known to act in an anti-inflammatory manner by inhibiting cellular NF-kB-DNA binding. The present study investigated whether partial coating of @entity702 implants could augment early osseointegration and increase mechanical fixation. Cylindrical porous coated @entity13843 implants partially coated with metallic gold were inserted in the proximal region of the humerus in ten @entity235 and control implants without gold were inserted in contralateral humerus. Observation time was 4 weeks. Biomechanical push out tests and stereological histomorphometrical analyses showed no statistically significant differences in the two groups. The unchanged parameters are considered an improvement of the coating properties, as a previous complete gold-coated implant showed inferior mechanical fixation and reduced osseointegration compared to control @entity702 implants in a similar model. Since sufficient early mechanical fixation is achieved with this new coating, it is reasonable to investigate the implant further in long-term studies.

title: Assessment of modified gold surfaced XXXX implants on skeletal fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4760 cause major treatment morbidity and cost of care. This study evaluated quality of life in @entity1 with unhealed and healed @entity4760 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of adult @entity6 @entity1 (age 45 years or older) treated in a tertiary care foot clinic who had foot @entity1066 within the preceding 2 years. @entity1 with other @entity2412 or conditions that would potentially affect quality of life were excluded. Two @entity1 groups of comparable age, gender distribution, and duration of @entity6 were studied: 57 @entity1 with unhealed @entity1066 (minimum duration, 6 months) and 47 @entity1 with healed @entity1066 . Telephone interviews were done using the Short Form 12 (SF-12) (both groups) and a Cardiff Wound Impact Scale (CWIS) (unhealed ulcer group). RESULTS: The mean SF-12 Physical Component Summary score was significantly lower for the group with unhealed @entity1066 (unhealed, 35 +/- 8 points; healed, 39 +/- 10 points; p = 0.04); these scores for both groups were significantly lower than published Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores for general, @entity6 , and @entity101 populations. The mean SF-12 Mental Component Summary scores of the groups did not differ significantly from each other or from published population scores. CWIS responses showed that @entity1 with unhealed @entity1066 were frustrated with healing and had @entity148 about the wounds, resulting in marked negative impact on the average Well-being Component Score (35 +/- 6 points). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with @entity4760 experience profound compromise of physical quality of life, which is worse in those with unhealed @entity1066 .

title: Quality of life of adults with unhealed and healed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers', 'Diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with Gustilo and Anderson Grade III A (7), III B (8) or III C (3) open @entity174 were treated with a protocol consisting of extensive primary debridement, immediate open reduction, dynamic compression plate fixation, and vascular repair when indicated. This was followed by routine redebridement at 24 to 48-h intervals until wound status allowed completion of soft tissue reconstruction. Bone grafting was performed at 8 to 10 weeks following obtainment of a closed soft tissue envelope for injuries with extensive comminution or @entity604 (5 @entity1 , 7 @entity174 ). Subsequent procedures such as @entity2318 , joint arthrodesis, or secondary nerve reconstruction were required in 8 of 18 @entity1 . Minor complications related to delayed wound @entity446 occurred in 3 individuals (15%). One deep infection of a @entity174 occurred in a @entity1 with a floating elbow and failed free flap. Salvage with debridement, retention of hardware, and a second free flap resulted in @entity174 union. One @entity1 required a second bone graft to obtain union of a segmental forearm defect. Amputation was performed in one @entity1 following failed forearm replantation with greater than 8 h warm @entity63 time. Immediate debridement and plate fixation of @entity174 performed in conjunction with aggressive soft tissue management provided good or excellent results in 12 @entity1 (66%) and is an acceptable treatment alternative in these difficult injuries.

title: Immediate internal fixation of high-energy open XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Grade III forearm fractures', 'fracture', 'diaphyseal forearm fractures', 'fractured radius']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['tendon transfers, scar revision']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['forearm fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: We wished to evaluate the prognostic usefulness of various EEG parameters with respect to remission rates after discontinuation of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy in @entity1 treated for @entity302 . METHODS: Two hundred forty-four @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity302 were randomized to either 1 or 3 years of treatment with AEDs. The treatment was then discontinued in @entity1 who had been @entity410 -free during the last 6 months of their allotted time of treatment (n = 154). After treatment discontinuation, the @entity1 were followed for at least 2 years. EEG recordings were performed before treatment was initiated and at regular intervals during treatment. RESULTS: The overall relapse rate was 37%. In many @entity1 , the amount of @entity302 varied considerably between subsequent recordings made during the treatment. The remission rate was slightly higher for @entity1 whose last recordings before AED discontinuation were free of @entity302 as compared with @entity1 in whom such activity was present. However, @entity1 who had irregular generalized spike-wave (SW) activity in the recordings made before discontinuation of treatment had a clearly higher relapse rate (67%) both as compared with @entity1 without @entity302 (33%) and as compared with @entity1 with other types of @entity302 (33%) in their last EEG recordings before discontinuation. All @entity1 treated for only 1 year whose final EEGs displayed generalized irregular SW activity relapsed. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the presence of @entity302 does not in itself necessarily influence prognosis after discontinuation of treatment but that certain types of such activity signal a high risk of relapse.

title: A comparison between one and three years of treatment in uncomplicated childhood XXXX : a prospective study. II. The EEG as predictor of outcome after withdrawal of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptiform activity']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5823 is expressed in various types of @entity706 , including @entity8548 ( @entity8548 ), primary @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ), some cases of @entity3217 fungoides showing large cell transformation (MF-TR) and skin localizations of systemic @entity706 kinase (ALK)-positive or ALK-negative ALCL. Differentiation between these entities is often not possible on the basis of histology alone, but several markers, including @entity32025 , @entity14546 and @entity588 , have been reported to provide additional diagnostic information. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these markers in a large group of cutaneous @entity5823 -positive lymphoproliferations. METHODS: An immunohistochemical study on the expression of @entity32025 , @entity14546 , @entity588 and @entity5824 was performed on skin biopsies from 28 @entity1 with @entity2108 , 39 @entity1 with @entity8548 , 11 @entity1 with @entity5823 -positive MF-TR, two with ALK-positive ALCL and six with ALK-negative ALCL. In addition, the prognostic significance of these markers was evaluated. RESULTS: @entity32025 was expressed in roughly 70-80% and @entity14546 was expressed in 70-100% of all the groups of cutaneous @entity5823 -positive lymphoproliferations. Highest levels of @entity588 were expressed in MF-TR (73%), in contrast to 21% in @entity2108 and 36% in @entity8548 . Highest levels of @entity5824 were expressed in @entity2108 (43%), compared with 18% in @entity8548 and 9% in MF-TR. A relationship with survival was not clear. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that @entity32025 , @entity14546 , @entity588 and @entity5824 cannot be considered as useful diagnostic or prognostic marker in cutaneous @entity5823 -positive lymphoproliferations. Differentiation between these different conditions should be based on a combination of clinical, histological and immunophenotypical criteria.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of phenotypic markers @entity32025 , @entity14546 , @entity588 and XXXX in cutaneous @entity5823 -positive lymphoproliferative disorders.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphomas', 'anaplastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma', 'C-ALCL']

entities_list: @entity8548 :: ('MESH:D017731', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatoid papulosis', 'LyP']

answer: @entity5824 :: (2526,Gene) :: ['CD15']


abstract: From 1986 to 1990, 46 @entity1 with blunt @entity409 were hospitalized and operated on in Kuang Tien General Hospital. Included were 33 males and 13 females with a mean age of 31 years (range: 2 to 62). The mean duration of the follow-up was 43 months. We classified the severity of @entity99 with the @entity99 scale which was published by the Organ Injury Scaling (O. I. S.) Committee of the American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 (A. A. S. T.) in 1989. According to the operative findings, the @entity99 of the 46 cases were classified as follows: grade I 4 cases, grade II 18 cases, grade III 16 cases, grade IV 2 cases, grade V 4 cases, and grade VI 2 cases. Among the @entity1 , 4 cases were treated with drainage. Four cases underwent simple repair. Twenty-seven cases were treated with repair and drainage. Three cases underwent debridement and selective ligation of bleeding vessels. Four cases underwent partial resection of liver, and 3 cases required repair of the inferior vena cava. One case was packed with gauze for hemostasis. The mortality rate was 15.2%, and the morbidity rate 30.3%. The most frequent @entity260 related to the @entity99 in the @entity1 who survived the initial operation were wound infection (8.7%), @entity6177 (6.5%), @entity788 (6.5%), @entity358 (4.3%), and @entity1744 (4.3%).

title: [Surgical management of blunt XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver trauma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver trauma']


abstract: The amounts of @entity3091 , @entity3092 , and @entity15605 were analyzed in 16 red and 2 white berry and grape wines after acid hydrolysis using an RP-HPLC method with diode array detection. The red berry wines analyzed were made mainly from black currant, crowberry, and bog whortleberry, i.e., berries rich in @entity4213 . The red grape wines were made mainly from Cabernet Sauvignon or Merlot grapes in several countries. The white wines studied were gooseberry and white currant wines and Chardonnay and Riesling wines. The amount of @entity3091 ranged from 3.8 to 22.6 mg @entity5022 in red berry wines and from 0 to 14.6 mg @entity5022 in red grape wines. The amount of @entity3092 was from 2.2 to 24.3 mg @entity5022 red berry wines and from <1.2 to 19.4 mg @entity5022 in red grape wines. Low levels of @entity15605 were found in all red berry wines and in 9 red grape wines. The total concentration of these @entity4213 was from 6 to 46 mg @entity5022 (mean 20 mg @entity5022 ) in red berry wines and from 4 to 31 mg @entity5022 (mean 15 mg @entity5022 ) in red grape wines. Small amounts of @entity3092 were found in white currant and gooseberry wines, whereas no @entity4213 were detected in white grape wines. These results demonstrate that the contents of @entity4213 in red

title: Content of the @entity4213 @entity3091 , XXXX , and @entity15605 in finnish berry wines.

entities_list: @entity3091 :: ('MESH:C040015', 'Chemical') :: ['myricetin']

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity4213 :: ('MESH:D044948', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonols']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

answer: @entity3092 :: (MESH:D011794,Chemical) :: ['quercetin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inducible @entity30999 ( @entity4873 ) has been found to play a pathological role in cerebral insult. We investigated the expression of @entity4873 in the basilar artery after experimental @entity510 ( @entity510 ). METHODS: In a @entity235 "two- @entity548 " model of @entity510 , the basilar arteries were obtained on day 2 after a cisternal injection of autologous blood or on days 4, 6, 7, or 9 after the second injection. Basilar arteries also were obtained 12 hours after intracisternal injection a cytokine: @entity20655 (0.03 microgram), @entity7259 (3 micrograms), or @entity7260 (10 micrograms). Western blotting with a polyclonal anti- @entity4873 antibody was performed in these arteries. RESULTS: @entity4873 protein was not demonstrated in the basilar artery in control animals without @entity510 . However, it was expressed in the basilar artery on days 2, 4, 6, and 7 after blood injection but not on day 9. Intracisternal injection of @entity20655 , @entity7259 , or @entity7260 also induced @entity4873 in the basilar artery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4873 expression was detected in basilar arterial tissue in both acute and chronic stages after @entity510 . Elevation of inflammatory cytokines after @entity510 may be involved in the induction of @entity4873 , which may produce sufficient quantities of @entity1813 to affect hemodynamics after @entity510 .

title: Inducible XXXX expression in @entity235 basilar artery after experimental @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

answer: @entity30999 :: (403544(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare intraoperative @entity190 , perioperative hematocrit, and transfusion requirements in @entity1 undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) by a single surgeon. METHODS: During a 14-month period, 279 @entity1 with @entity189 of the prostate were prospectively enrolled in this comparative study. The decision of which surgical approach to use was by @entity1 choice. Of the 279 @entity1 , 176 underwent RALP and 103 underwent RRP. The serum hematocrit was obtained preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively in all @entity1 . The intraoperative @entity190 was recorded, and transfusion requirements were noted. RESULTS: @entity1 in the RALP group had significantly less intraoperative @entity190 compared with the RRP group (mean 191 mL versus 664 mL, P < 0.001). Additionally, the difference in the discharge hematocrit (36.8% versus 32.8%, P < 0.001) and the mean perioperative change in hematocrit (8.0% decrease versus 10.7% decrease, P < 0.001) were significant between the RALP and RRP groups, respectively. Three @entity1 in the RRP group (2.9%) and one in the RALP group (0.5%) required transfusion of blood products (P = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have shown that RALP is associated with less intraoperative @entity548 than RRP, and @entity1 undergoing RALP have a greater serum hematocrit at hospital discharge. The lack of a statistically significant difference in blood transfusion was partially attributable to the low transfusion rate in both groups in this series.

title: Intraoperative XXXX and transfusion requirements for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy versus radical retropubic prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['localized carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The cause of lower esophageal sphincter @entity337 in @entity354 is not clearly understood. We investigated the hypothesis that the esophagogastric junction @entity337 results from failure of the @entity356 to produce the lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm contraction caused by a disordered reflex action. METHODS: The study was performed in 19 subjects (mean age, 42.6 +/- 7.2 years; 11 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ) who had @entity354 and @entity357 and were scheduled for a fundoplication operation. Eight control volunteers (mean age, 41.8 +/- 6.9; 5 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ) who had huge supraumbilical @entity4037 but no @entity354 or @entity357 were studied during operative hernia repair. The electromyographic activity and pressure response of the lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm to separate esophageal and @entity356 were recorded. RESULTS: In the control subjects (volunteers) esophageal distention caused diminished electromyographic activity of the crural diaphragm and lower esophageal sphincter with decreased esophagogastric junction pressure, whereas @entity356 increased the electromyographic activity of the crural diaphragm and lower esophageal sphincter with increased esophagogastric junction pressure. In the @entity1 the crural diaphragm and lower esophageal sphincter showed diminished resting electromyographic activity, with either no response or a paradoxical response to esophageal or @entity356 . CONCLUSION: The current study has demonstrated that the lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm in @entity1 with @entity354 exhibited a diminished resting electric activity and either did not respond or reacted paradoxically to esophageal and @entity356 , constituting what we call esophagosphincteric and gastroesophageal paradox or @entity2055 . The cause of lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm dysfunction is not known; a neurogenic cause was proposed. Further studies are required to investigate this point.

title: On the pathogenesis of @entity354 : the concept of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernia']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric distention']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal dyssynergia']


abstract: We evaluated the effects of @entity51849 ( @entity51849 ) and @entity1286 , opioid receptor agonists, on concentrations of LH, @entity701 and GH during the follicular phase in heifers. During three trials, oestrous cycles of Angus heifers were synchronized by two injections of @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha) resulting in 17 induced follicular phases over an 80-day period. Treatments were administered 24 h after the second injection of PGF2 alpha. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals from 3 h before until 5 h after i.v. administration of 2 ml physiological saline (trials 1, 2 and 3), 0.5 mg @entity1286 /kg (trials 1 and 2) or 1.8 micrograms @entity51849 /kg (trials 1 and 2) or 6.7 micrograms @entity51849 /kg (trial 3). Administration of both doses of @entity51849 and @entity1286 inhibited episodic release of LH for approximately 60 min. The concentration of @entity701 was increased (P less than 0.05) after both doses of @entity51849 , but was unaffected (P greater than 0.5) by @entity1286 or saline. The serum concentration of GH was increased (P less than 0.01) after both doses of @entity51849 or @entity1286 , but saline was without effect. These results provide evidence of an inhibitory effect of opioid receptor agonists on LH ( @entity51849 and @entity1286 ) and a stimulatory effect on @entity701 ( @entity51849 ) and GH ( @entity51849 and @entity1286 ) during the follicular phase in heifers. Divergent effects of @entity1286 and @entity51849 on @entity701 observed in this study provide evidence that opioid-induced changes in LH, GH and @entity701 result from activation of different opioid receptors.

title: Agonists of endogenous opioid peptides suppress LH, and stimulate XXXX and growth hormone during the follicular phase in heifers.

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Apart from cases studies, little is known regarding diffusion-weighted imaging of @entity75 associated with @entity1 @entity49 ( @entity49 ). Our aim was to describe the initial diffusion-weighted imaging patterns observed in brain areas with MR signal changes associated with @entity49 and to compare them with those of follow-up imaging. METHODS: The cases of nine @entity1 with @entity75 associated with @entity49 who underwent CT and diffusion-weighted imaging 3 hours to 4 days after sudden neurologic onset were retrospectively reviewed. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in abnormal brain was compared with that of contralateral normal regions using z score analysis. MR images obtained during 3 to 6 months of follow-up were available for seven @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 had nonhemorrhagic T2-hyperintense brain regions. These were associated with partially @entity548 areas on the CT scans of four @entity1 . In nonhemorrhagic @entity4 areas, ADC was heterogeneous (coexistence of increased, normal, or decreased ADC) in five @entity1 and homogeneous in four. In the latter four @entity1 , ADC values were within normal range in three, whereas a large homogeneous hyperintensity with decreased ADC values (0.3-0.4 10(-3)mm2/s, <-3 z scores) was observed in one. When available, follow-up images always showed @entity548 in initially @entity548 areas. Nonhemorrhagic @entity4 areas with initially increased ADC values returned to normal. Initially normal or decreased ADC values were predictive of reversibility, although imaging sequelae were rarely observed. CONCLUSION: The diffusion-weighted imaging/ADC pattern of @entity64 is more heterogeneous than previously thought. Large brain regions of reduced ADC values that are not predictive of ultimate @entity1188 in cases of @entity49 can be observed.

title: Diffusion-weighted imaging patterns of @entity75 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['venous stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhagic sequelae']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['CVT', 'cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['cerebral venous thrombosis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection using a gamma probe in @entity1 with Figo IB @entity5 . Between January 1999 and September 2000, 14 @entity1 with @entity5 , planned for radical hysterectomy were eligible for the study. The day before radical hysterectomy we injected @entity1136 -labelled nanocolloid in each quadrant of the cervix. Dynamic and static images were recorded using a gamma camera. SLNs were identified intraoperatively using a handheld gamma-detection probe. After resection of SLNs a standard radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection was performed. @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics were compared with sentinel node detection and with final histopathological and immunohistochemical results. Scintigraphy showed focal uptake in 13 of the 14 @entity1 . Intraoperatively we detected 26 sentinel nodes by gamma probe. In 8 of 13 @entity1 , one or more sentinel nodes were identified unilaterally, in 5 @entity1 bilaterally. Histologically positive SLNs were found in only 1 @entity1 . We did not find any false-negative SLN in our series. In conclusion identification of sentinel nodes in @entity5 is feasible with preoperatively administered @entity1136 -labelled nanocolloid. A larger series will be required to establish sentinel node detection in @entity5 for further therapy concepts and planning.

title: Sentinel node procedure in XXXX : a preliminary series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Ib cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity43 screening protocols generally have been limited by inadequate recognition of the normal behavior of @entity5 markers in @entity1 at risk of @entity43 . We have characterized the behavior of five serum @entity5 markers in a large cohort of healthy @entity1 and examined the implications for screening. Serial measurements of @entity10224 , @entity1722 , urinary gonadotropin peptide, lipid-associated @entity3167 , and Dianon marker 70/K were obtained during 6 years of follow-up of 1257 healthy @entity1 at high risk of @entity43 . We analyzed individual-specific @entity5 marker behavior and explored methods that can exploit this information to develop individual-specific screening rules. These five @entity5 markers behaved approximately independently. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among @entity1 in the behavior of each @entity5 marker, particularly @entity10224 . Intraclass correlation (ICC), or the proportion of total variability that occurs between individuals, was approximately 0.6 for log-transformed @entity10224 and urinary gonadotropin peptide, and less than 0.4 for the other markers. This degree of @entity5 marker heterogeneity among healthy @entity1 , and the relative independence of these markers, has important implications for screening and diagnostic tests. Independence of markers results in the clinically useful fact that the combined false positive rate from screening with multiple markers may be estimated by the sum of individual false positive rates. Heterogeneity of @entity5 marker patterns in healthy @entity1 implies that a fixed screening cutoff level is suboptimal to a degree that depends strongly on ICC. Using information on longitudinal measurements and ICC, individual-specific screening rules may be developed with the potential to improve early detection of @entity43 .

title: @entity43 tumor marker behavior in asymptomatic healthy XXXX : implications for screening.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']