abstract: @entity1653 is a demanding therapeutic problem involving two medical specialties, otolaryngology and neurosurgery. The use of transnasal endoscopic (TNE) approach to the @entity5 has been proved effective in many publications. Three @entity1 with @entity1653 localized in olfactory groove were treated in 2011 and 2012 by the otolaryngologist-neurosurgeon team using TNE approach and neuronavigation. The diagnosis was based on MR and CT images. In all @entity1 after @entity5 removal an endoscopic anterior cranial fossa floor reconstruction was performed using homogeneous cartilage or @entity702 mesh and Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap. During postoperative period in all @entity1 lumbar drainage was used. There were no cerebrospinal fluid leakage episodes. No recurrence was observed in 22, 12 and 8  months of follow-up, respectively. The authors describe otolaryngological and neurosurgical aspects of TNE approach to anterior cranial fossa with special regard to possible radical resection (according to Simpson) and reconstruction of the bony @entity86 . TNE is a feasible operative method in olfactory groove @entity1653 management due to @entity5 visibility, lack of brain traction, limited neurovascular structure manipulation and acceptable risk of @entity16 when compared to open approach. Cosmetic aspect and short hospitalization is also of great importance.

title: Personal experience in transnasal endoscopic resection of the XXXX . What can an otolaryngologist offer to a neurosurgeon?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'good tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Olfactory groove meningioma', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative defect']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['olfactory groove meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-infectious @entity1596 is a sight-threatening inflammatory disease that often necessitates prolonged use of high-dose @entity288 , resulting in significant systemic side effects. There is a need for efficacious steroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy for these @entity1 , and the @entity3470 inhibitors ( @entity3446 and @entity2239 ) may be contenders for this role. METHODS: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical research on @entity3470 inhibitors for non-infectious @entity1596 was performed. Articles were identified by a search of MEDLINE (PubMed/OVID) and EMBASE (OVID) the terms ( @entity1596 OR non-infectious @entity1596 ) AND ( @entity3470 inhibitor OR @entity3446 OR @entity2239 ). Assessment of study aims, methods, efficacy outcomes and adverse events was performed. RESULTS: Seven pre-clinical and nine clinical studies were identified. One study in each group was on @entity2239 , the rest @entity3446 . Preclinical studies have been performed in @entity95 , @entity35 , @entity19 and in-vitro models. Clinical studies range from comparative open-label trials to case reports, with reported clinical efficacy ranging from 40% to 100% depending on endpoint assessed. The overall rate of drug-related adverse events (such as ocular irritation, visual floaters, @entity390 and @entity391 ) was 0.640 events per @entity1 -year with @entity3446 , and 0.111 events per @entity1 -year with @entity2239 . CONCLUSION: Published evidence suggests that @entity3446 and @entity2239 may be useful in the management of non-infectious @entity1596 . Both appear to be well tolerated, especially when locally administered. Further high-quality RCTs adopting standardised end-points are required to definitively determine the efficacy of each agent.

title: A comprehensive review of @entity3470 -inhibiting pharmacotherapy for the treatment of non-infectious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7363 Background: Two phase III trials have demonstrated an improvement in survival with @entity1205 compared to other single-agents or best supportive care in previously treated @entity1149 @entity1 . Still, the combination of @entity1205 with another active agent may be feasible and provide further improvement. In vitro studies have demonstrated the synergistic @entity137 of @entity2600 followed by @entity1205 ; previous phase I/II studies have assessed the feasibility of this combination in several @entity5 types. METHODS: In this multicenter phase II study, we evaluated the activity and @entity137 of @entity2600 (160 mg/sqm iv d1) plus @entity1205 (65 mg/sqm iv d1) in relapsed or progressing @entity1149 @entity1 . Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks up to a maximum of 6 courses. Eligibility criteria: age >=  18 yrs; ECOG PS 0-2; measurable disease (RECIST); no prior treatment with @entity2600 or @entity1205 ; adequate hematologic, hepatic and renal function; brain metastases allowed. The impact of treatment on quality of life and @entity5 -related symptoms was assessed by the EORTC questionnaires QLQ-C30 and LC-13. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 have been enrolled. @entity1 characteristics: median age, 61 yrs (46-73); male/female, 29/10; ECOG PS 0/1/2, 13/20/6 @entity1 ; @entity420 36%, @entity957 31%; previous @entity902 -based treatment, 95%; previous @entity1311 -containing treatment, 46%. One-hundred and sixteen cycles have been given (median 2, range 1-6). Thirty-seven @entity1 are evaluable for @entity137 . Grade 3-4 @entity137 include 59% @entity1398 , 10% @entity417 , 24% @entity221 , 32% @entity294 ; 16% @entity390 / @entity391 , 16% fatigue. There has been PR in 3 @entity1 (8%); SD in 11 @entity1 (30%); @entity1726 in 13 @entity1 (35%). Median time to progression is 2.7 months; median survival ( @entity1685 ) is 8.4 months. Compliance with quality of life assessment is high (79%). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity2600 and @entity1205 has an acceptable @entity137 profile in previously treated @entity1149 @entity1 . Although response rate is low, disease stabilization occurred in 30% of @entity1 and an encouraging @entity1685 has been observed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity2600 plus XXXX in previously treated @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ): An Alpe Adria Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary group phase II study (ATOM 007).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'cytotoxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: Background: Despite several investigations suggesting that @entity28 is a risk indicator for @entity2521 , little is known about the impact of @entity28 on periodontal treatment response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical parameters and circulating levels of leptin and @entity1254 in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity7278 ( @entity7278 ). Methods: Twenty-four @entity28 and 24 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity7278 were submitted to SRP. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-therapy. Serum levels of leptin and @entity1254 were evaluated at all time points, using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: SRP improved the clinical parameters of both groups at 3 and 6 months (p<0.05). Nonetheless, the @entity28 @entity1 presented a lower mean @entity92 ( @entity92 ) at 6 months post-therapy and a greater reduction in @entity92 from baseline to 6 months in the full-mouth analysis (primary outcome variable) and in initially deep sites (p<0.05). Leptin serum levels were higher in @entity28 than @entity28 @entity1 at all time-points (p<0.05). No changes in the serum levels of leptin and @entity1254 were observed in @entity28 groups after therapy (p>0.05). Conclusion: Obese @entity1 with @entity7278 presented @entity28 @entity1 at 6 months after SRP. Furthermore, the treatment did not affect the circulating levels of leptin and @entity1254 in any group.

title: Effects of Scaling and Root Planing on Clinical Response and Serum Levels of Adipocytokines in Obese @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['lower reductions in PD than non-obese', 'obese and non-obese', 'non-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['Chronic Periodontitis']


abstract: Research on @entity5 prevention and therapy must focus on the refractory disease, the @entity5 that develops in @entity1 with organ-related solid @entity5 . @entity5 develop spontaneously in @entity5 or in relapsed cases after failed therapy. Because neither prevention nor therapy is currently feasible, @entity5 is a major impediment to survival. There is a great need for an animal model of @entity263 ( @entity263 ), one that develops @entity5 from initial premalignant to the terminal refractory stages. We describe here a model of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) that develops spontaneously through two stages by endogenous mechanisms in the Lobund- @entity35 (LW) @entity35 . The early premalignant, @entity251 (T)-dependent stage is promoted by high levels of endogenous T, and up to age 12 months is reversible by T deprivation; without this intervention, the tumorigenic process progresses to the refractory stage, which is highly aggressive and does not respond to T deprivation or to a wide range of therapies. Initial @entity5 are palpable at approximately 18 months of age. As they continue to grow, the @entity5 express characteristics seen in refractory @entity5 in @entity1 (i.e., @entity519 , expression of @entity519 -inducible factors, and @entity3 ). @entity576 in LW @entity35 manifest the same two developmental stages, but with shorter latency periods. A transplantable, metastasizing cell line (PAIII) was derived from a germfree LW @entity35 with @entity5 . Both spontaneous and chemically induced autochthonous @entity263 model systems serve as outstanding models for studies on the prevention and therapy of @entity5 .

title: XXXX in the Lobund- @entity35 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity576 :: ('MESH:D064419', 'Disease') :: ['Chemically induced HRPCs']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'PC', 'HRPC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage cancer', 'refractory cancer', 'cancers', 'refractory tumors', 'cancer', 'Refractory cancers', 'advanced-stage tumors', 'tumors', 'fatal end-stage of cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Hormone-refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: We examined the effects of @entity4443 (LT) B4, C4, D4, and E4 (0.010-2.5 ng/ml) on contractile and coronary function in isolated @entity35 hearts. Concentration-dependent effects were examined either by the cumulative addition of LTs or by addition of specific concentrations to individual preparations. Neither LTB4 nor LTE4 produced myocardial or coronary effects at any concentration, irrespective of addition protocol. At 0.010 ng/ml, both LTC4 and LTD4 produced an increase in force that was associated with a 30% elevation in coronary pressure. Further cumulative addition of either @entity4352 resulted in a negative inotropic effect and a further increase in coronary pressure. In contrast, following single additions of LTC4 or LTD4 (0.01-0.50 ng/ml) a positive inotropic effect and an increased coronary pressure were observed. LTC4 or LTD4 at 0.5 ng/ml produced a negative inotropic effect in hearts pretreated with 0.01 ng/ml of LTD4 or LTC4, respectively. Reversal of this addition protocol resulted in a negative inotropic effect of either 0.01 ng/ml LTD4 or LTC4. @entity1855 and @entity594 significantly attenuated the positive inotropic and coronary constricting effect of 0.5 ng/ml LTC4 and LTD4. The addition of either LT following @entity9898 resulted in a negative inotropic effect, in contrast to the positive inotropic influence seen with @entity4352 alone. Our results demonstrate a positive inotropic effect of low concentrations of LTC4 and LTD4 concomitant with coronary artery constriction, a phenomenon determined by @entity4352 addition protocols and suggestive of LTC4/LTD4 receptor interaction. The effects of @entity460 channel antagonists and @entity9898 on the inotropic response suggest a @entity4352 -mediated activation of the @entity460 channel resulting in increased intracellular @entity460 concentrations.

title: Positive inotropic effects of low concentrations of XXXX C4 and D4 in @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity4443 :: (MESH:D015289,Chemical) :: ['leukotrienes']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity6425 is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 younger than 5 years of age. Current treatment options are limited. We assessed the efficacy of a @entity7857 -derived, heavy-chain antibody fragment called anti-rotavirus protein ( @entity42608 ), in modifying the severity and duration of @entity294 in male @entity1 with @entity6425 . METHODS: We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 176 male @entity1 (6-24 months old) with severe rotavirus-associated @entity294 at Dhaka Hospital, Bangladesh. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to groups given oral @entity42608 (15-30 mg/kg/day, n = 88) or placebo (maltodextrin, n = 88) for a maximum of 5 days. The primary outcomes were severity (stool output) and duration of @entity644 . Secondary outcomes were intake of oral rehydration salt solution, severity of @entity391 , and serum levels of rotavirus-specific IgA. RESULTS: In @entity1 with only @entity6425 , total cumulative stool output was 305.47 g/kg body weight among those given placebo (n = 63) and 237.03 g/kg body weight among those given @entity42608 (n = 61) (a difference of 68.44 g/kg body weight or 22.5%; 95% confidence interval: 18.27-118.59 g/kg body weight; P =.0079). There was a significant reduction in rate of stool output (g/kg/d) in the @entity42608 group compared with the placebo group (61%; P = .002). @entity42608 had no significant effect in @entity1 with concomitant infections or on any other measured outcomes. No adverse events could be linked to @entity42608 . CONCLUSIONS: In a placebo-controlled trial, @entity42608 reduced stool output in male @entity1 with severe rotavirus-associated @entity294 . Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT01259765.

title: Anti-rotavirus protein reduces stool output in @entity1 with XXXX : a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea and fecal excretion of rotavirus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection', 'Rotavirus infection']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac enlargement is an important predictor of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. Left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a precursor both of @entity1002 and clinical @entity712 . The present study examines risk factors for @entity5988 among 832 young adults (341 male, 491 female) who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study. HYPOTHESIS: A unique set of risk factors predicts @entity5988 among young adults. METHODS: Standard ventricular dimensions were determined by M-mode echocardiography and indexed to height using a standard method. @entity5988 was considered as the top 20th percentile of LV end-diastolic dimension indexed to height. @entity2357 models were used, stratified by race and sex, to assess the relationship of CV risk factors with quintile of LV end-diastolic dimension indexed to height. RESULTS: The mean age (standard deviation) of @entity1 and @entity1 in the population was 36.4 years (3.9 years) and 35.9 years (4.6 years), respectively. In sex-specific models adjusted for age, race, @entity551 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , and glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI) was a significant predictor of @entity5988 in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for a 1-unit change in BMI was 1.12 (1.02-1.19) in @entity1 and 1.09 (1.05-1.13) in @entity1 . Among @entity1 , @entity412 level was also significantly associated with @entity5988 (P=0.03), whereas among @entity1 there was no such association. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that @entity28 is the most consistent predictor of @entity5988 in both @entity1 and @entity1 , whereas @entity412 level was a significant predictor among @entity1 only.

title: XXXX and @entity5988 in young adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilatation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: ABSTRACT Background: To investigate the effect of pre-emptive @entity14340 , given in addition to routine analgesic treatment, on post-operative cognitive function in elderly @entity1 . Methods: Seventy elderly @entity1 were included, who were 65-82 years of age, 48-75 kg of weight, and ASA grade I-II. Preoperative mini mental state examination (MMSE) score was >= 21 points. @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups: control group (group C) and @entity14340 group (group P). Before induction of general anesthesia, 40 mg of @entity14340 was injected intravenously in group P and the same volume of saline was injected in group C. @entity1 -controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) containing @entity3575 and @entity1340 was used for post-operative @entity158 control. A 3 ml blood sample was obtained from the peripheral vein one day before surgery, 1, 4, 24, and 72 h after surgery, and plasma @entity701 , @entity650 and @entity4483 concentrations were measured. Cognitive function was evaluated by measuring the MMSE score and a neurological test battery within 72 h after surgery. The occurrence of post-operative @entity73 (POCD), the dosage of @entity3575 and @entity1340 used in PCIA, and the rate of additional @entity3575 administration were recorded. Results: Compared to group C, post-operative plasma @entity701 concentration decreased, the amount of @entity3575 and @entity1340 used in PCIA was reduced, the rate of additional @entity3575 administration decreased, and the rate of POCD was reduced in group P (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Pre-emptive analgesia with 40 mg of @entity14340 can reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly @entity1 .

title: Pre-emptive parecoxib and post-operative cognitive function in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib sodium']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present the oncological and functional outcomes of salvage focal (SFC) and salvage total ( @entity25917 ) cryoablation for recurrent @entity263 ( @entity263 ) after failed primary radiotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: From March 2003 to August 2010, 50 @entity1 with biopsy-proven unilateral (n = 25) or bilateral (n = 25) radio-recurrent @entity263 underwent SFC or @entity25917 , respectively. @entity1 were assessed after treatment by @entity1486 (PSA) testing, transrectal ultrasonography, biopsy and questionnaires. Biochemical failure (BF) was defined using the Phoenix criteria (PSA nadir + 2   mg/mL). Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: The median pre-cryoablation PSA level and Gleason score were, respectively, 2.8   ng/mL and 7 for SFC, and 3.9   ng/mL and 7 for @entity25917 . The median follow-up was 31 and 53 months (P = 0.004) for SFC and @entity25917 , respectively. Oncological outcomes were as follows: no @entity1 died; one @entity1 who underwent @entity25917 developed bone @entity3 ; eight @entity1 who underwent SFC and three who underwent @entity25917 had BF and the 5-year BF-free survival rates were 54 and 86%, respectively. In those @entity1 without BF, the mean PSA decreased by 86% for SFC and 90% for @entity25917 within the first year and remained stable. Functional outcomes were as follows: new onset @entity322 occurred in three (13%) @entity1 in the @entity25917 group, whereas no @entity1 in the SFC group developed @entity322 (P = 0.10); Two of seven @entity1 in the SFC group retained postoperative potency, but none of the four potent @entity1 in the @entity25917 group recovered potency postoperatively (P = 0.48); one (4%) @entity1 in the @entity25917 group developed a @entity292 , but none occurred in the SFC group (P = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS: SFC and @entity25917 are feasible and safe with acceptable mid-term oncological outcomes. For carefully selected @entity1 , SFC is an option that could be associated with lower treatment-related morbidity compared with @entity25917 . Although longer follow-up and more @entity1 numbers are needed, our initial oncological and functional outcomes of SFC and @entity25917 are encouraging.

title: Salvage focal and salvage total cryoablation for locally recurrent XXXX after primary radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['recto-urethral fistula']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity740 ( @entity740 ) are common in @entity1 with @entity712 (HF) and are associated with poor outcomes. However, the impact of multimorbidity due to @entity6 and @entity740 on outcomes, relative to co-morbidity due to @entity6 alone, has not been well studied in these @entity1 . Of the 7,788 @entity1 with chronic HF in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial, 2,218 had @entity6 . We categorized these @entity1 into those with @entity6 alone ( @entity6 -only n = 1,123) and those with both @entity6 and @entity740 ( @entity2316 n = 1,095). Propensity scores for @entity2316 , calculated for each of the 2,218 @entity1 , were used to match 699 pairs of @entity1 with @entity6 -only or @entity2316 . Matched Cox regression models were used to estimate associations between @entity2316 and outcomes. All-cause mortality occurred in 44% (rate 1,648/10,000 @entity1 -years) of @entity1 with @entity2316 and 39% (rate 1,349/10,000 @entity1 -years of follow-up) of @entity1 with @entity6 -only (hazard ratio when @entity2316 was compared with @entity6 -only 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11 to 1.62, p = 0.003). All-cause hospitalization occurred in 76% (rate 5,799/10,000 @entity1 -years) and 73% (rate 4,909/10,000 @entity1 -years) of @entity1 with @entity2316 and @entity6 -only, respectively (hazard ratio 1.16, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.36, p = 0.064). Respective hazard ratios for other outcomes were cardiovascular mortality 1.33 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.66, p = 0.010), HF mortality 1.41 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.96, p = 0.040), cardiovascular hospitalization 1.17 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.39, p = 0.064), and HF hospitalization 1.26 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.55, p = 0.026). In conclusion, compared with co-morbidity due to @entity6 alone, the presence of multimorbidity due to @entity6 and @entity740 was associated with increased mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with chronic HF.

title: Multimorbidity due to @entity6 and @entity740 and outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: @entity74 represent a major cause of @entity249 . The World Health Organization classification offers a useful frame for diagnosis and treatment. @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is the most common cause of @entity3206 . Treatment of @entity249 associated with @entity3610 has changed in the last decade due to the introduction of new medications. Insulin-sensitizing drugs, such as @entity2449 , became an integral part of treatment. Aromatase inhibitors will most probably replace @entity4082 in the future. @entity1 who fail to ovulate or conceive after first-line treatment options are often referred for gonadotropin treatment. @entity43 , which has been evaluated in well-designed trials, may be an alternative to gonadotropins. In vitro fertilization, which yields high pregnancy rates, is the final treatment option when all else fails. @entity3206 is treated with exogenous gonadotropins, and little has changed in its management. @entity1 with @entity6126 should be counseled for adoption or in vitro fertilization with donated oocytes as spontaneous and treatment-associated pregnancy rates are very low.

title: @entity74 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Laparoscopic ovarian drilling']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['Hypogonadotropic anovulation', 'oligoovulation and anovulation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Ovulatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypergonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize the literature on the utilization of @entity7676 for intra-articular injections of the knee and its efficacy in the treatment of knee @entity571 . DESIGN: Systematic literature reviews were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL on October, 30 2013, using the keywords "platelet-rich plasma" and "knee" and " @entity571 ". Inclusion criteria included 1) studies with @entity1 subjects, 2) prospective clinical studies (including either clinical trials or observational studies), and 3) full-text articles published in English. Exclusion criteria were: 1) animal studies, 2) retrospective studies; 3) @entity1 with prior surgical intervention with total knee arthroplasty or reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligaments, and 4) non-English articles. RESULTS: A total of 319 abstracts and titles were reviewed (60 from PubMed, 250 from EMBASE and 9 from CINAHL). A total of 8 relevant journal articles were identified, all of which were published between 2010 and 2013. Half of the studies were prospective observational studies including only @entity7676 treatment; the rest were prospective comparative studies including both @entity7676 and controls - two of them were randomized controlled trials. Of the 4 comparative studies, three compared @entity7676 with @entity15773 , which was considered as a commonly used effective treatment for knee @entity571 ; the other one used saline injection (i.e., placebo) as the control. Although most of the analyses suffered small sample size and was thus inconclusive, the findings consistently indicated that @entity7676 might have better outcomes in @entity1 with @entity528 and younger @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity7676 intra-articular injections of the knee may be an effective alternative treatment for @entity626 . However, current studies are at best inconclusive regarding the efficacy of the @entity7676 treatment. A large multicenter randomized trial study is needed to further assess the efficacy of @entity7676 treatment for @entity1 with @entity626 .

title: Use of Platelet Rich Plasma in Intra-Articular Knee Injections for XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['lower degree of degeneration']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 is one of the possible consequences of @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ). However, little is known about the prevalence of @entity385 ( @entity385 ) or its related clinical features among these @entity1 . We have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the rate and risk factors of @entity64 / @entity385 in @entity12040 as well as to explore associations with poorer outcomes. METHODS: MEDLINE and Embase were searched (October 2014) for observational studies of any design reporting prevalence rates of @entity64 / @entity385 among @entity12040 @entity1 . Study selection, data collection, and quality assessment were done independently. Studies' results were pooled through random-effect meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I(2) test. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies (16 studies were of cohort design) were included (n   =   3269). The pooled @entity64 / @entity385 prevalence rate estimate was 15.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.7%-22.6%, I(2)   =   94%). Sensitivity analysis, excluding 8 studies with poorer @entity12040 diagnostic criteria, yielded a similar estimate but without statistical heterogeneity (15.7%; 95% CI: 13.6%-18.1%, I(2)   =   5.5%). Data were unavailable to explore possible associations between @entity1 ' characteristics and @entity64 / @entity385 prevalence. CONCLUSION: Our results document a high prevalence of @entity64 / @entity385 among @entity12040 @entity1 . However, there is scarce information on the type of @entity64 , the characteristics of the affected individuals, and @entity64 -associated morbidity and mortality. Future studies should aim to further explore this disabling complication to find the best treatment and prevention strategies.

title: XXXX and Transient Ischemic Attack in @entity12040 : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis", 'TA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['stroke/transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) and @entity323 ( @entity323 ), both considered to be associated with urogenital ageing, in ageing @entity1 in a cross-sectional population study, comparing them with healthy controls by using symptom scores and contrast-enhanced colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS). @entity1 , SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Transrectal CDUS and quantitative measurement of colour pixel intensity (CPI) are excellent minimally invasive techniques for assessing normal and pathological blood flow. CDUS was performed using the microbubble-based ultrasound enhancer for evaluating prostate, @entity1494 and corpus cavernosum vascularity in young healthy @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity1067 , and @entity1 with severe @entity1504 ( @entity6 ). Resistive index measurements and computer-assisted quantification of CPI were used to objectively evaluate perfusion. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) were applied to quantify the symptoms. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity1067 , perfusion of the transition zone (TZ) of the prostate was significantly lower and the resistive index of the TZ significantly higher (both P < 0.001) than in healthy controls. The perfusion patterns of @entity1 with @entity1067 and those who also had severe @entity1504 ( @entity6 ) showed that vascularity in the latter group was lower in the prostatic TZ and the corpora cavernosa. In @entity1 with @entity1067 the IPSS, quality-of-life and IIEF scores were significantly worse than in the control group. @entity1 with concomitant @entity731 had even worse symptom scores. CONCLUSION: These results strongly support the hypothesis that age-related impairment of blood supply to the lower urinary tract is important in the development of @entity1067 and @entity323 . @entity1504 may cause chronic ischaemia and thus be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of @entity1067 and @entity323 .

title: @entity1504 as a risk factor for XXXX and @entity323 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type 2']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage', 'Vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: Thirty-six ovarian @entity10693 containing heterologous elements in the form of gastrointestinal-type epithelium are described. Eight of the cases contained microscopic foci of @entity4303 ; in two of these cases of foci of @entity4303 were also present. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 4-67 years (average, 23 years). The presenting manifestations were androgenic changes (18 cases), @entity4 (15 cases), @entity697 (one case), @entity1866 (one case), and @entity548 (two cases). All of the @entity5 were unilateral. The surface of the @entity5 was intact in 32 cases, ruptured in three, and adherent to the diaphragm in one. The @entity5 usually had both cystic and solid components and averaged 15.0 cm in diameter; mucinous fluid was noted on gross examination in 12 cases. On microscopic examination, the gastrointestinal epithelium contained mucinous cells, columnar cells and argentaffin cells; rarely Paneth cells were seen. It was cytologically benign in 29 cases, of borderline @entity5 in five and malignant in two. Follow-up information, available for 31 @entity1 , revealed that 29 were alive without evidence of disease from 1-17 years (average, six years) postoperatively. One @entity1 , who had a poorly differentiated @entity5 , died of recurrent disease six years after the initial operation.

title: Ovarian XXXX with heterologous elements. I. Gastrointestinal epithelium and @entity4303 : a clinicopathologic analysis of thirty-six cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10693 :: ('MESH:D018310', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute abdominal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal swelling']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularities']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['insular carcinoid', 'goblet cell carcinoid']

answer: @entity10693 :: (MESH:D018310,Disease) :: ['Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4712 causes @entity735 , including @entity1713 and @entity2000 , and @entity3002 such as @entity625 and @entity2319 . Although @entity1713 is characteristic of this syndrome, the pathogenesis is unknown. CASE REPORT: A 10-year-old @entity1 reported @entity227 and presented 5 days after @entity227 . RESULTS: Ophthalmoscopy showed a @entity1713 with a giant tear in the right eye, and a nonpigmented epithelial detachment with pars plicata breaks in the left eye. Bilateral findings included an empty vitreous and a vitreous membrane at the equator. The @entity3002 included @entity851 and joint @entity8018 . The diagnosis was type 1 @entity735 were treated surgically. Immunohistochemistry showed that the vitreous membrane resected intraoperatively was comprised primarily of M  ller cells. Electron microscopy showed dense collagen fibers around the cells in the membrane that were identical to the vitreous collagen inserted into the basement membrane of the cells, which was similar to the ultrastructure of the vitreous base. CONCLUSION: M  ller cells might be primary components of the vitreous membrane in type 1 @entity4712 . The vitreoretinal interface, which resembled the ectopic vitreous base, in the vitreous membrane may be related to the pathogenesis of the @entity1713 .

title: Analysis of the vitreous membrane in a case of type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['systemic anomalies', 'systemic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4712 :: ('MESH:C580472', 'Disease') :: ['Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Stickler syndrome, and the eyes', 'ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity4712 :: (MESH:C580472,Disease) :: ['Stickler syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) is less traumatic and technically easy to apply to small @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 382 cases of palpable @entity1558 that had undergone fine needle aspiration and histopathologic diagnosis were reviewed with an emphasis on the rate of false positive diagnoses in benign @entity1558 . RESULTS: A diagnosis of " malignant " was made in 98 of the 382 specimens (25.6%). The predictive value for @entity5 was 97.9%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNA were 86.3%, 98.2%, and 93.2%, respectively, when the " suspicious " group was considered positive for @entity5 . The histologic subtypes of the 4 false-positive cases were epithelial proliferative lesions, @entity28648 . None of these 4 cases were definitely diagnosed as " malignant " by radiological studies. Four false-negative cases by FNA were suspicious for @entity5 radiologically. There was no specific pathological subtype associated with false-negative status on FNA in this study. CONCLUSION: Palpable @entity0 can be definitively diagnosed based on a combination of physical examination, radiological studies and FNA, when the radiological studies concur with the diagnosis by FNA.

title: False-positive and false-negative cases of fine-needle aspiration cytology for palpable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity28648 :: ('MESH:D018299', 'Disease') :: ['ductal or lobular hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: Joint @entity158 is the main complaint in @entity1 affected by @entity571 ( @entity571 ), and NSAIDs are commonly used to treat @entity158 associated with @entity571 . Over the past few years, @entity2247 -selective inhibitors have been proved to have certain advantages over non-selective NSAIDs and have been increasingly used for @entity158 management in @entity1 with @entity571 . OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this randomised, double-blind, within- @entity1 study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of three @entity2247 inhibitors in 30 @entity1 affected by symptomatic @entity571 of the knee. We evaluated the effects of oral @entity9695 (100mg), @entity12698 (200mg) and @entity13586 (25mg). Each drug was administered for 7 days. METHODS: Analgesic efficacy was determined using the @entity1 's assessment of @entity158 on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and by total @entity158 relief over 3 hours (TOPAR3) on the first and last days of treatment. In addition, the overall analgesic efficacy and tolerability were determined by a global assessment by the @entity1 at the end of each week of treatment, using 5-point categorical scales. At the end of the study, each @entity1 was asked about which of the three forms of treatment they would choose as a continuation of the @entity158 therapy. RESULTS: Taking all the results into consideration, @entity9695 proved to be significantly more effective in providing symptomatic relief than did @entity12698 and @entity13586 . Furthermore, @entity9695 provided more rapid relief of @entity158 associated with walking than did the other two drugs tested. @entity1 expressed similar preference for @entity9695 and @entity13586 , but a lesser preference for @entity12698 treatment. No @entity1 withdrew from the study because of adverse events and the three different forms of treatment were generally safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The present data confirm our previous observations in @entity1 with @entity309 , further suggesting that @entity9695 represents an effective agent for the treatment of joint @entity158 , with particular reference to the rapid onset of its analgesic effect.

title: A randomised, double-blind, clinical trial comparing the efficacy of @entity9695 , XXXX and @entity13586 in osteoarthritis of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['nimesulide']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: @entity2184 ( @entity2184 ) and @entity320 ( @entity320 ) differ significantly in their epidemiological, clinical, immunophenotypical, and cytogenetic features, but the molecular basis for these differences has not been delineated. CMs frequently harbor an activating mutation in either @entity8497 or the RAS-regulated kinase @entity817 , suggesting that either of these oncogenes may increase signaling through the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway and promote @entity320 development. The aim of this study was to examine @entity817 and @entity8497 gene mutations in @entity2184 . Genomic DNA from @entity320 and @entity2184 was screened for mutations in @entity817 exons 11 and 15 and @entity8497 exons 1 and 2 using a combination of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing. Mutations in @entity817 exon 15 were detected in 16 (36.4%) of 44 CMs and 0 (0%) of 62 UMs. The most common mutation in @entity320 was @entity47321 , but a novel point mutation ( @entity62449 ) was identified in two cases and an in-frame deletion/insertion (VKSRWK599-604D) was discovered in one case. No @entity817 exon 11 mutations were observed among seven CMs and nine UMs that were wild-type for exon 15. Mutation of @entity8497 exon 2 was rare in @entity320 [1 (3.7%) of 27] and absent in @entity2184 [0 (0%) of 47]. No @entity8497 exon 1 mutations were detected in either type of @entity320 . We conclude that UMs arise independent of oncogenic @entity817 and @entity8497 mutations, an observation that may have implications for therapies targeted to the @entity8497 - @entity817 pathway.

title: Absence of @entity817 and @entity8497 mutations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['UM', 'Uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'CM', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: Hormonal manipulation has been used for over 100 years to treat @entity0 . Ovarian ablation/suppression and @entity440 are currently accepted adjuvant endocrine therapies for @entity0 . Methods of permanently ablating ovarian function include surgical oophorectomy and radiation-induced @entity2670 ; medical castration with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues is a reversible approach. Adjuvant chemotherapy frequently results in permanent @entity2588 and thus represents an indirect form of @entity43 . Although early randomized trials of @entity43 suffered from small sample sizes and design flaws, a meta-analysis of their results through the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group demonstrated a clear benefit from @entity43 as a single intervention in the adjuvant treatment of @entity1 less than 50 years of age with @entity0 . The Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group meta-analysis also demonstrated the efficacy of 5 years of adjuvant @entity440 as a single treatment modality, regardless of age. Even with these improvements in disease-free and overall survival, several important questions remain unanswered. The relative efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy versus @entity43 /suppression has not been strictly defined. However, the data suggest that the clinical benefit of either chemotherapy or @entity43 /suppression and 5 years of @entity440 is similar. Thus, @entity43 /suppression combined with @entity440 is a reasonable alternative to chemotherapy for some @entity1 with good-risk @entity0 (high @entity5282 expression, low-grade or lymph node-negative disease), particularly those wishing to preserve fertility. The value of combining @entity43 /suppression with chemotherapy, other endocrine therapy, or both and ameliorating the long-term morbidity of @entity172 deprivation remain important areas for investigation. With the advent of multiple targeted endocrine therapies with distinct mechanisms of action, there is a unique opportunity to design highly informative clinical trials that can define the optimal combinations and sequencing of hormonal therapies in the treatment of @entity0 .

title: Adjuvant hormonal therapy for premenopausal @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian ablation']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer', 'premenopausal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The decreased availability of fish oil, traditionally used as oil source in marine aquafeeds, has lead to the search for alternatives oils. Vegetable oils (VO) are being extensively used as lipid sources in marine fish diets, inducing an imbalance on certain dietary @entity1718 . Alteration on the dietary ratio of w-6/w-3 has been described to have detrimental effects on fish immunity. @entity16988 has high susceptibility to stress and diseases, and little is known on the effects of dietary VO on its immunity. In this study, @entity16988 juveniles were fed diets (56% crude protein, 12% crude lipid) containing linseed (100LO), @entity1460 (100SO) or fish (100FO) oils as unique oil source. Growth, @entity701 and intestinal @entity844 composition were determined after 90 days. Moreover, at the final of the experiment a stress test (5  min of net chasing) was carried out. To evaluate the effect of diets and stress on intestine immunology, expression profiles of a set of 53 immune-related genes using RT-qPCR was also performed. The use of VO did not induced changes in fish growth, but affected @entity844 profile of intestine and expression of immune-related genes. The use of SO (rich in @entity9540 ) induced an over-expression of those genes related to complement pathway, recognizing pathogen associated to molecular patterns, defensive response against bacteria, defensive response against viruses, antigen differentiation, cytokines and their receptors. This general over-expression could indicate an activation of inflammatory processes in fish gut. When a stress was applied, a decrease of mRNA levels of different immune-related genes with respect to the unstressed control could be observed in fish fed 100FO. However, fish fed 100LO, with a higher ALA/LA ratio, seemed to ameliorate the effects of combined effects of FO substitution plus stressful situation whereas fish fed 100SO did not show this type of response.

title: Dietary vegetable oils: Effects on the expression of immune-related genes in XXXX ( @entity16988 ) intestine.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity16988 :: ('28829', 'Species') :: ['Senegalese sole']

entities_list: @entity9540 :: ('MESH:D043371', 'Chemical') :: ['n-6 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity16988 :: (28829,Species) :: ['Senegalese sole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for, and prevalence and short- and long-term effects of synovial fluid cavitation during distraction radiography. DESIGN: Multicenter prevalence survey. ANIMALS: 6,649 purebred @entity235 comprising 129 breeds. PROCEDURE: Radiographs from the PennHIP (University of Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program) Laboratory were subjectively evaluated for evidence of cavitation. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine whether sex, breed, age, weight, @entity894 ( @entity894 ), or examining veterinarian was associated with cavitation. Short-term effects of cavitation were assessed by comparing @entity894 for the hip with cavitation with @entity894 for the contralateral hip in @entity235 with unilateral cavitation. Long-term effects of cavitation were assessed by comparing @entity894 before and after cavitation was detected. RESULTS: Cavitation was detected in 279 (4.2%) of the radiographs analyzed. Male @entity235 , Golden Retrievers, and heavier @entity235 were at a decreased risk for cavitation. Irish Wolfhounds, Irish Setters, Rhodesian Ridgebacks, and Weimaraners had an increased risk for cavitation. Age and @entity894 were not risk factors for cavitation. Mean @entity894 was 0.08 greater in hips with cavitation than in paired hips without cavitation. Significant differences were not detected between @entity894 before and after cavitation, but only 7 @entity235 were included in this analysis. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Cavitation is rare during distraction radiography and can increase measured @entity894 . Radiographs should be routinely examined to ensure accurate reporting of @entity894 .

title: Synovial fluid cavitation during distraction radiography of the coxofemoral joint in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'distraction index']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adult @entity4808 @entity1 who experience in-hospital @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) and undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( @entity358 ) represent a unique @entity1 population. We believe that they tend to be younger and have the added burden of the @entity130 compared to other populations. Our objective was to determine the incidence, causes and outcomes following @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) and @entity358 ( @entity358 ) within this population. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research (ISR) @entity4808 intensive care unit (BICU). Charts from 1st January 2000 through 31st August 2009 were reviewed for study. Data were collected all on adult @entity4808 @entity1 who experienced in-hospital @entity1167 and @entity358 either in the BICU or associated @entity4808 operating room. @entity1 undergoing @entity358 elsewhere in our @entity4808 unit were excluded because we could not validate the time of @entity1167 since they are not routinely monitored with real-time rhythm strips. The study population included civilian @entity4808 @entity1 from the local catchment area and @entity4808 casualties from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, but @entity1 with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders were excluded. RESULTS: We found 57 @entity4808 @entity1 who had in-hospital @entity1167 and @entity358 yielding an incidence of one or more in-hospital @entity1167 of 34 per 1000 admissions (0.34%). Fourteen of these @entity1 (25%) survived to discharge while 43 (75%) died. The most common initial cardiac rhythm was pulseless electrical activity (50.9%). The most common etiology of @entity1167 among @entity4808 @entity1 was @entity1576 (49.1%). The most significant variable affecting survival to discharge was duration of @entity358 (P < 0.01) with no @entity1 surviving more than 7 min of @entity358 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity358 in @entity4808 @entity1 is sometimes effective, and those @entity1 who survive are likely to have good neurological outcomes. However, prolonged @entity358 times are unlikely to result in return of spontaneous circulation and may be considered futile. Further, those who experience multiple @entity1167 are unlikely to survive to discharge.

title: Outcomes after XXXX in an adult @entity4808 center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['CPR', 'cardio-pulmonary resuscitation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2348 remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 worldwide. Previous studies have identified a key role for mesothelial cells, lining the peritoneal cavity, in coordinating @entity32 and host defense. Toll-like receptor (TLR) involvement in early activation events within the mesothelium, however, remains poorly defined. To investigate the initiation of @entity298 , we characterized TLR activation by bacterial ligands in @entity1 peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). METHODS: Primary HPMC were isolated from omental biopsies and TLR expression detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and flow cytometry. The responsiveness of HPMC to specific bacterial TLR agonists was determined using chemokine production as a biological readout. The requirement for @entity5750 in HPMC responses to a clinically relevant @entity5938 cell-free supernatant (SES) was investigated using soluble @entity5750 or anti- @entity5750 -blocking antibodies. RESULTS: Real-time PCR detected TLR1-6 messenger RNA expression in HPMC and responses to @entity26087 and @entity2938 /6 ligands and SES. No cell surface @entity2939 expression or responses to lipopolysaccharide were detectable in HPMC, but they did respond to flagellin, a @entity20040 ligand. SES-mediated responses were dependent on @entity2938 but did not require @entity5750 in HPMC for optimal efficiency, unlike peripheral blood mononuclear cells. HPMC expression of @entity2938 was also modulated by @entity2938 ligands and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that mesothelial cell activation by @entity26087 , @entity26165 and @entity20040 contributes to bacterial recognition influencing the course of the infective process and has implications for improving treatment of @entity281 in @entity298 @entity1 .

title: XXXX peritoneal mesothelial cells respond to bacterial ligands through a specific subset of Toll-like receptors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Stimulation of the vagus nerve has been previously reported to promote neural plasticity and neurogenesis in the brain. Several studies also revealed plastic changes in the spinal cord after injuries to somatosensory nerves originating from both the brachial and lumbo-sacral plexuses. However, the neurogenic responses of the brain to the @entity130 are not as yet well understood. In the present study, we investigated whether cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus respond to a chemical and physical damage to the vagus nerve in the adult @entity35 . Intraperitoneal @entity2951 administration was used to damage non-myelinated vagal afferents while subdiaphragmatic vagotomy was used to damage both the myelinated and non-myelinated vagal afferents. The @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation together with cell-specific markers was used to study neural proliferation in subgranular zone, granule cell layer, molecular layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus. Microglia activation was determined by quantifying changes in the intensity of fluorescent staining with a primary antibody against ionizing @entity460 adapter-binding molecule 1. Results revealed that vagotomy decreased @entity1603 incorporation in the hilus 15 days after injury compared to the @entity2951 group. @entity2951 administration decreased @entity1603 incorporation in the granular cell layer 60 days after the treatment. @entity2951 decreased the number of @entity15990 -expressing cells in the dentate gyrus, whereas vagotomy did not alter the expression of @entity15990 in the hippocampus. Both the @entity2951 - and the vagotomy-induced damage to the vagus nerve decreased microglia activation in the hippocampus at 15 days after the injury. At 30 days post injury, @entity2951 -treated and vagotomized @entity35 revealed significantly more activated microglia. Our findings show that damage to the subdiaphragmatic vagus in adult @entity35 is followed by microglia activation and long-lasting changes in the dentate gyrus, leading to alteration of neurogenesis.

title: Hippocampal plasticity after a vagus nerve injury in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the viscerosensory innervation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Very few @entity5 survivor studies have been devoted to thyroid @entity652 . We assessed the role of chemotherapy and the radiation dose to the thyroid in the risk of @entity259 after @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A cohort of 3254 2-year survivors of a solid @entity5 treated in 5 French centers before 1986 was established. The dose received by the isthmus and the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland during each course of radiation therapy was estimated after reconstruction of the actual radiation therapy conditions in which each @entity1 was treated as well as the dose received at other anatomical sites of interest. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 25 years, 71 @entity1 had developed a @entity259 . The risk strongly increased with the radiation dose to the thyroid up to a few Gray, plateaued, and declined for high doses. Chemotherapy slightly increased the risk when administered alone but also lowered the slope of the dose-response curve for the radiation dose to the thyroid. Overall, for doses up to a few Gray, the excess relative risk of @entity259 per Gray was 2.8 (90% CI: 1.2-6.9), but it was 5.5 (90% CI: 1.9-25.9) in @entity1 who had not received chemotherapy or who had received only 1 drug, and 1.1 (90% CI: 0.4-3.4) in the @entity1 who had received more than 1 drug (P=.06, for the difference). The excess relative risk per Gray was also higher for younger @entity1 at the time of radiation therapy than for their older counterparts and was higher before attaining 40 years of age than subsequently. CONCLUSIONS: The overall pattern of @entity259 after radiation therapy for a @entity5 appears to be similar to that observed for @entity259 .

title: @entity259 after solid XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid adenoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New-onset @entity6 after transplant (NODAT) is a serious complication after kidney transplantation. We studied the relationship between @entity134 -free maintenance regimens and NODAT in a national cohort of adult kidney transplant @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 25,837 previously nondiabetic kidney transplant @entity1 , engrafted between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2006, were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the risk of developing NODAT within 3 years after transplant for @entity1 discharged with and without @entity134 -containing maintenance immunosuppression regimens. The effect of transplant program-level practice regarding @entity134 -free regimens on the risk of NODAT was studied as well. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of NODAT within 3 years of transplant was 16.2% overall; 17.7% with maintenance @entity230 and 12.3% without (P<0.001). @entity1 discharged with @entity230 had 42% greater odds of developing NODAT compared with those without @entity230 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.27-1.58, P<0.001). The maintenance regimen of @entity1140 and @entity618 or @entity618 was associated with 25% greater odds of developing NODAT (AOR=1.25, 95% CI=1.08-1.45, P=0.003) than the regimen of @entity205 and @entity618 or @entity618 . Several induction therapies also were associated with lower odds of NODAT compared with no induction. @entity1 from programs that used @entity134 -free regimens for a majority of their @entity1 had reduced odds of NODAT compared with @entity1 from programs discharging almost all of their @entity1 on @entity134 -containing regimens. CONCLUSION: The adoption of @entity134 -free maintenance immunosuppression at discharge from kidney transplantation in selected @entity1 was associated with reduced odds of developing NODAT within 3 years.

title: New-onset XXXX in kidney transplant recipients discharged on @entity134 -free immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate sodium', 'mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: In this study the crack growth resistance behavior and @entity174 toughness of @entity1 tooth enamel were quantified using incremental crack growth measures and conventional @entity174 mechanics. Results showed that enamel undergoes an increase in crack growth resistance (i.e. rising R-curve) with crack extension from the outer to the inner enamel, and that the rise in toughness is a function of distance from the dentin enamel junction (DEJ). The outer enamel exhibited the lowest apparent toughness (0.67+/-0.12 MPam(0.5)), and the inner enamel exhibited a rise in the growth toughness from 1.13 MPam(0.5)/mm to 3.93 MPam(0.5)/mm. The maximum crack growth resistance at @entity174 (i.e. @entity174 toughness (K(c))) ranged from 1.79 to 2.37 MPam(0.5). Crack growth in the inner enamel was accompanied by a host of mechanisms operating from the micro- to the nano-scale. Decussation in the inner enamel promoted crack deflection and twist, resulting in a reduction of the local stress intensity at the crack tip. In addition, extrinsic mechanisms such as bridging by unbroken ligaments of the tissue and the organic matrix promoted crack closure. Microcracking due to loosening of prisms was also identified as an active source of energy dissipation. In summary, the unique microstructure of enamel in the decussated region promotes crack growth toughness that is approximately three times that of dentin and over ten times that of bone.

title: On the R-curve behavior of XXXX tooth enamel.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the relation of retinal arteriolar and venular caliber to the incidence and progression of @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity6 . DESIGN: Incidence findings in a population-based study of @entity6 in Wisconsin. @entity1 included 996 @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity6 before 30 years of age who took insulin and underwent the baseline examination, 891 in the 4-year follow-up, 765 in the 10-year follow-up, and 634 in the 14-year follow-up. Retinal photographs of 7 standard fields were taken at all examinations. Computer-assisted grading was performed from a digitized image of field 1 to determine the average diameter of retinal arterioles and venules and their ratio. Main outcome measures included incidence and progression of @entity989 , incidence of @entity989 , and macular @entity4 . RESULTS: While adjusting for other factors, larger arteriolar (relative risk [RR] for the fourth vs first quartile range, 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-3.47; test of trend, P =.008) and venular diameters (RR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.37-3.95; test of trend, P =.005) were associated with greater 4-year progression of @entity989 . Larger venular diameters (RR, 4.28; 95% CI, 1.50-12.19; test of trend, P =.006) but not arteriolar diameters were associated with greater 4-year incidence of @entity989 . In multivariable analyses, arteriolar and venular calibers were not associated with the 4-year incidence of @entity989 . While adjusting for other factors, arteriolar and venular calibers were not associated with incidence of macular @entity4 at 4 years. There were few associations of arteriolar or venular caliber with the 10- or 14-year incidence or the progression of @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS: Larger arteriolar and venular caliber, independent of @entity989 severity level, is related to the progression of @entity989 , and larger venular caliber is associated with the 4-year incidence of @entity989 . Caliber of retinal vessels is not associated with incident @entity989 . These data suggest a quantitative measure of retinal vascular caliber provides additional information regarding risk for progression of @entity989 .

title: The relation of retinal vessel caliber to the incidence and progression of @entity6 : XIX: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ) often develop @entity1276 requiring an external ventricular drain (EVD). The best available evidence suggests that a rapid EVD wean and intermittent CSF drainage is safe, reduces complications, and shortens ICU and hospital length of stay as compared to a gradual wean and continuous drainage. However, optimal EVD management remains controversial and the baseline practice among @entity16 is unclear. Therefore, we sought to determine current institutional practices of EVD management for @entity1 with @entity439 @entity510 . METHODS: An e-mail survey was sent to attending intensivists and neurosurgeons from 72 neurocritical care units that are registered with the Neurocritical Care Research Network or have been previously associated with the existing literature on the management of EVDs in critically ill @entity1 . Only one response was counted per institution. RESULTS: There were 45 out of 72 institutional responses (63%). The majority of responding institutions (80%) had a single predominant EVD management approach. Of these, 78% favored a gradual EVD weaning strategy. For unsecured @entity439 , 81% kept the EVD continuously open and 19% used intermittent drainage. For secured @entity439 , 94% kept the EVD continuously open and 6% used intermittent drainage. Among continuously drained @entity1 , the EVD was leveled at 18 (unsecured) and 11  cm @entity4358 (secured) (p  <  0.0001). When accounting for whether the EVD strategy was to enhance or minimize CSF drainage, there was a significant difference in the management of unsecured versus secured @entity439 with 42% using an enhance drainage approach in unsecured @entity1 and 92% using an enhance drainage approach in secured @entity1 (p  <  0.0001). CONCLUSION: Most institutions utilize a single predominant EVD management approach, with a consensus toward a continuously open EVD to enhance CSF drainage in secured @entity439 @entity1 coupled with a gradual weaning strategy. This finding is surprising given that the best available evidence suggests that the opposite approach is safe and can reduce ICU and hospital length of stay. We recommend a critical reassessment of the approach to the management of EVDs. Given the potential impact on @entity1 outcomes and length of stay, more research needs to be done to reach a threshold for practice change, ideally via multicenter and randomized trials.

title: Management of External Ventricular Drains After XXXX : A Multi-Institutional Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'SAH']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological ICUs']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: Allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (alloPBPCT) is increasingly used as an alternative to bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT). Early data suggest that the incidence and severity of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) following alloPBPCT is no higher than that seen with alloBMT, despite the increased number of cytotoxic T cells infused with mobilised blood. We compared 12 @entity1 undergoing alloPBPCT with 12 well-matched alloBMT controls. All @entity1 received identical @entity2132 prophylaxis. No T cell depletion or @entity2280 purification was performed. Median engraftment times for neutrophils >0.5 x 10(9)/l and platelets >20 x 10(9)/l were 14 and 12 (alloPBPCT) and 21 and 23 days (alloBMT), respectively (P = 0.0035 and P = 0.002). There was no difference in antibiotic requirements (P = 0.83), platelet support (P = 0.59) or days in hospital (P = 0.51). After alloPBPCT, five @entity1 developed > or =grade II acute @entity2132 vs five @entity1 after alloBMT (P = 0.99). There was one death (alloBMT) at 100 days and three at 1 year (all due to relapse). There was one death at 100 days with alloPBPCT, and 11 @entity1 remain alive (range 9-21 months) to date. @entity2132 occurred in five @entity1 in the PBPC arm and one @entity1 in the BM arm (P = 0.14). This case-controlled analysis indicates that alloPBPCT results in more rapid engraftment kinetics but in no significant difference in transplant-related morbidity or mortality. There is no difference in the incidence of acute @entity2132 . However, there is a trend towards increased incidence of chronic @entity2132 in @entity1 allografted with PBPC. Prospective randomised trials are required to determine further the role of alloPBPCT.

title: A trend towards an increased incidence of XXXX following allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation: a case controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Chronic GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['chronic graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: Nearly 80% of @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) require surgical treatment for complications or failure of medical management. We managed a 31-year-old @entity1 with @entity30 who presented with a post-operative @entity292 . The @entity1 had undergone surgery due to multiple strictures and a @entity292 . However, a new @entity292 developed that connected to the intraperitoneal abscess. Intravenous antibiotics were started and multiple percutaneous @entity5173 tubes were inserted to treat the @entity6177 . However, the amount of @entity5173 was consistently high, even one month after the operation. To treat the @entity86 , 5 mg/kg of infliximab was started, and the amount of @entity5173 decreased dramatically to less than 10 cc a day. Some studies have reported that infliximab decreases the recurrence of @entity30 after surgery. The effect of infliximab on post-operative @entity292 in @entity1 with @entity30 has not been sufficiently studied. Our results indicated that the use of infliximab to treat post-operative @entity292 should be explored further in future clinical studies.

title: Successful treatment of @entity86 with infliximab in a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fistula']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A topical pharmaceutical cream containing the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) @entity289 and @entity12119 has been developed for the treatment of @entity272 and associated secondary infections. In this work, a novel stability-indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitation of impurities of both APIs present in this cream. The HPLC column was a 150 mm * 4.6 mm I.D. YMC-Pack Pro C18 column with 3   m particles. The column-oven temperature was maintained at 40  C and UV detection at 235 nm was used. A gradient programme was employed at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. Mobile phase A comprised of a 16:21:21:42 (v/v/v/v) mixture of @entity1042 , 10 g/L @entity8718 , HPLC grade water and @entity1626 . Mobile phase B comprised of a 24:5:5:66 (v/v/v/v) mixture of @entity1042 , 10 g/L @entity8718 , HPLC grade water and @entity1626 . The method has been validated according to current @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) guidelines and applied during formulation development and stability studies. The procedure has been shown to be stability-indicating for the topical cream.

title: An RP-HPLC Method for the Stability-Indicating Analysis of Impurities of Both Fusidic Acid and XXXX in a Semi-Solid Pharmaceutical Dosage Form.

entities_list: @entity289 :: ('MESH:D001624', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone-17-valerate']

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoric acid']

entities_list: @entity12119 :: ('MESH:D005672', 'Chemical') :: ['fusidic acid']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'International Conference on Harmonisation']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory skin conditions']

answer: @entity289 :: (MESH:D001624,Chemical) :: ['Betamethasone-17-Valerate']


abstract: Fibrotic pancreas was caused by ligation of the pancreatic ducts in mongrel @entity235 . Four weeks later, reconstruction of the pancreatic duct and major pancreatic resection were performed. Changes of @entity1735 metabolism and functional and morphological changes of islet cells in the remnant pancreas were investigated. 1) Immediately after resection of more than 84% of the @entity788 , @entity6 developed, and @entity9959 and glucagon secretion decreased, accompanied with marked degeneration of B, A and D cells in the islets. 2) During the early periods after 63 to 84% pancreatectomy, secretion of both @entity9959 and glucagon decreased, and then showed a tendency to recover, but later the secretion gradually decreased again and so-called Sandmeyer's @entity6 developed. The size of the islets and the number of B cells decreased, but the rate of A and D cells in the islets increased relatively in the remnant pancreas. 3) After resection of less than 63% of the @entity788 , secretion of both @entity9959 and glucagon decreased temporarily with subsequent recovery. @entity6 did not develop. There were no marked morphological changes in the islets, nor significant changes in the distribution of B, A and D cells of the islets in the remnant pancreas. @entity6 developed after resection of more than 63% of the @entity788 4 weeks after ligation of the pancreatic duct, while it developed after resection of more than 74% of the normal pancreas in @entity235 . Therefore, with regard to @entity1735 metabolism, resectability of the @entity788 was about 10% less than that of the normal pancreas in @entity235 .

title: [Changes in XXXX metabolism after major resection of the pancreas, with special reference to the @entity788 caused by ligation of the pancreatic duct].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic pancreas']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity302 may have comorbidities that result in significant disability. Epidemiological information for pediatric @entity1 with @entity302 in Taiwan is scant. This research estimates the prevalence and common neuro- @entity146 comorbidities of @entity1 with @entity302 in Taiwan. METHODS: @entity1 aged less than 20 years old who had received a diagnosis of @entity302 and suffered from @entity302 in 2005 were identified in the NHIRD based on ICD-9-CM and prescription records for the use of at least one AED. We used cases of @entity302 to survey outpatient service data, and identify common neuro- @entity146 comorbidities. The crude prevalence rate and the age- and sex-specific prevalence were estimated. We also examined the effects of urbanization. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of @entity302 was 0.33% in the pediatric population, with 0.29% for @entity1 and 0.36% for @entity1 . The most common @entity146 comorbidities were @entity4207 and @entity245 , @entity306 , and @entity1032 . @entity302 was more prevalent in @entity1 than in @entity1 , especially among @entity1 , preschool @entity1 , and those living in rural areas. In addition, @entity1 with @entity302 had a higher rate of neurological comorbidities. The prevalence of @entity146 comorbidities was lower than that reported in previous studies performed in other countries, especially among @entity1 with @entity302 living in rural areas. CONCLUSION: This research provides the largest nationwide, population-based study of childhood @entity302 to estimate the prevalence and the associated @entity146 comorbidities of @entity302 in Taiwan. Potential rural-urban disparity basing on prevalence and associated @entity146 comorbidities cannot be ignored in Taiwan.

title: Prevalence and neuro- @entity146 comorbidities of XXXX in Taiwan: a national population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disability']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic seizure', 'pediatric epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['pediatric epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity900 -based therapy is associated with acute and late @entity137 . Therefore, a potentially less toxic @entity3003 -based regimen was evaluated in @entity1 with advanced @entity4797 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with advanced @entity4797 were treated on outpatient basis with @entity3003 (AUC5) at day 1, @entity2879 (100 mgm(-2)) at days 1-5, and @entity1732 (30 IU) at day 2 (CEB). Treatment was 3-weekly for a total of 4 cycles. Outcome and @entity137 were analyzed. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 4 years and 7.5 months. Five-year progression-free survival was 86.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 70.6%-100%), 5-year overall survival 100%, and 10-year overall survival 85% (95% CI, 63.3%-100%); 39% of all @entity1 reached complete remission. Two @entity1 underwent adjuvant treatment. Two @entity1 relapsed; 1 is in ongoing remission 4 years after salvage therapy, the other died almost 6 years after CEB-therapy, despite multiple lines of salvage therapy. The main acute @entity137 observed was hematologic. No late @entity65 or secondary @entity5 were noted. CONCLUSION: CEB treatment is effective in advanced @entity4797 , showing minor @entity137 . Progression-free and overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years are comparable to those achieved with @entity900 -based therapy. This indicates that @entity3003 -combination therapy might be a good alternative to @entity900 -based therapy in the treatment of advanced @entity4797 .

title: An alternative treatment regimen of advanced @entity4797 with XXXX , @entity2879 , and @entity1732 instead of @entity900 -based therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'seminoma']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More @entity1 experience @entity308 antenatally than postnatally. Supporting @entity1 through the antenatal period is recognised as important in mitigating negative outcomes and in preventing @entity308 ( @entity308 ). A systematic review was conducted which aimed to provide a detailed service user and service provider perspective on the uptake, acceptability, and perception of harms of antenatal interventions and postnatal interventions for preventing @entity308 . METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in 12 major bibliographic databases in November 2012 and updated in December 2014. Studies were included if they contained qualitative evidence on the perspectives and attitudes of pregnant @entity1 and postnatal @entity1 who had taken part in, or healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in delivering, preventive interventions for @entity308 . RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included. Support and empowerment through education were identified as particularly helpful to @entity1 as intervention components, across all intervention types. Implications for accessing the service, understanding the remit of the service and @entity1 's preferences for group and individual care also emerged. LIMITATIONS: The majority of the included studies were of moderate or low quality, which may result in a lack of rich data consistently across all studies, limiting to some degree interpretations that can be made. CONCLUSION: The synthesis demonstrated important considerations for devising new interventions or adapting existing interventions. Specifically, it is important that individual or group interventions are carefully tailored to @entity1 's needs or preferences and @entity1 are aware of the remit of the HCPs role to ensure they feel able to access the support required.

title: Perceptions and experiences of interventions to prevent XXXX . A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['PND', 'depressive symptoms', 'postnatal depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['postnatal depression']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Resuscitation from @entity1167 ( @entity23 ) often results in a poor neurological outcome possibly due to an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of @entity1545 following @entity23 -induced global @entity2806 . @entity2657 is an important manifestation after @entity23 and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to @entity2657 formation following focal @entity2806 . The objective of this study was to investigate the role of an MMP inhibitor, @entity718 , in @entity2657 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity35 were subjected to normothermic (37.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C) @entity23 induced by eight minutes of @entity2063 and assigned to a @entity23 ( @entity23 ), an @entity167 -placebo group ( @entity23 + @entity167 ), or a @entity718 -treated group ( @entity23 + @entity718 ). @entity718 in 100% @entity167 or a vehicle was given i.v. before @entity23 to achieve a whole blood concentration of 10 microM. Animals were resuscitated with CPR, ventilation and epinephrine. @entity2657 was determined by brain wet-to-dry weight ratio at one hour after resuscitation. FINDINGS: Brain wet-to-dry weight ratio was 4.86 +/- 0.09 in @entity23 , 4.76 +/- 0.12 in @entity23 + @entity167 (p = 0.30 vs. @entity23 ), and 4.72 +/- 0.03 in @entity23 + @entity718 (p = 0.17 vs. @entity23 and 0.42 vs. @entity23 + @entity167 ). INTERPRETATION: MMPs are not involved in @entity2657 formation one hour following @entity23 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinases are not involved in early XXXX formation after @entity1167 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['CA-elicited brain edema', 'Brain edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'ETOH']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['CA-control group', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['brain edema']


abstract: A major objective of peptide vaccination is the induction of @entity5 -reactive @entity405 + T-cells. We have shown that HLA-A2 positive @entity5 @entity1 frequently develop an antigen-specific @entity405 + T-cell response after vaccination with @entity16051 peptides p157-165/p157-167. These T-cells are highly reactive with the peptides used for vaccination, but only rarely recognize HLA-matched, @entity16051 expressing @entity5 cell lines. To address the apparent lack of @entity5 recognition of vaccine-induced @entity405 + T-cell responses, we used autologous @entity5 cells for in vitro stimulation and expansion of pre- and postvaccine @entity405 + T-cells. In contrast to standard presensitization methods with peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells, mixed lymphocyte @entity5 culture favored the selective expansion of low-frequency @entity5 -reactive T-cells. In four @entity1 , we were able to demonstrate that antigen-specific and @entity5 -reactive T-cells are detectable and are indeed elicited as a result of @entity16051 peptide vaccination. Further analyses of postvaccine antigen-specific T-cells at a clonal level show that vaccine-induced antigen-specific T-cells are heterogeneous in functional activity. These results suggest that the methods of immunomonitoring are critical to identify the proportion of @entity5 -reactive T-cells within the population of vaccine-induced antigen-specific effector cells. Our results show that immunization with @entity16051 peptides leads to strong @entity5 -reactive @entity405 + T-cell responses. Our findings suggest that approaches to peptide vaccination may be improved to induce higher numbers of antigen-specific T-cells and to selectively increase the proportion of @entity405 + T-cells that have the capacity to recognize and eliminate @entity5 cells.

title: Tumor-reactive @entity405 + T-cell clones in @entity1 after XXXX peptide vaccination.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity16051 :: (246100,Gene) :: ['NY-ESO-1']


abstract: @entity2523 is the principal organism associated with @entity146 forms of generalized @entity2520 . Previous reports have suggested that encapsulated @entity2523 strains are more virulent than unencapsulated strains; however, the contribution of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) to the virulence of this organism is poorly understood. Since @entity2520 presents with a complex inflammatory cell lesion comprised of neutrophils and monocytes, we cultured @entity19 peritoneal macrophages with heat-killed @entity40672 , CPS purified from @entity40672 , and the seven known serotype-specific @entity2523 CPS and assessed the ability of supernatant fluids produced by challenged macrophages to attract na  ve inflammatory cells. We also defined JE/ @entity8929 , KC, @entity9701 , and @entity638 production in response to the P. gingivalis CPS antigens. We observed that supernatant fluids collected from macrophages incubated with @entity40672 and serotype K1 CPS stimulated the migration of na  ve @entity19 bone marrow-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes in an in vitro cell migration chamber. CPS from @entity40672 and the K1 serotype elicited potent chemokine secretion patterns for macrophages, while those specific to serotypes K2 to K7 were significantly less stimulatory. Reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed JE/ @entity8929 , KC, @entity9701 , and @entity638 expression from @entity19 macrophages which had been challenged with purified @entity40672 CPS. Chemokine production appeared to be dependent on both the dose of and time of exposure to @entity40672 CPS. These data demonstrate that the @entity2523 serotype K1 CPS elicits chemokine production from phagocytic cells. Furthermore, these data suggest that the host response to this antigen may contribute to the formation of the inflammatory cell lesion observed during @entity2523 -elicited @entity2520 .

title: The K1 serotype capsular polysaccharide of @entity2523 elicits chemokine production from XXXX macrophages that facilitates cell migration.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity40672 :: ('242619', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis strain W83', 'W83', 'P. gingivalis W83']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']