abstract: A residual mass after treatment of @entity706 is a clinical challenge, because it may represent @entity5 as well as tissue @entity82 . Metabolic imaging by @entity419 ( @entity419 ) positron emission tomography (PET) offers the advantage of functional tissue characterization that is largely independent of morphologic criteria. We compared @entity419 PET to computed tomography (CT) in the posttreatment evaluation of 54 @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) or intermediate/high-grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Residual masses on CT were observed in 13 of 19 @entity1 with @entity978 and 11 of 35 @entity1 with @entity1893 . Five of 24 @entity1 with residual masses on CT versus 1 of 30 @entity1 without residual masses presented a positive @entity419 PET study. Relapse occurred in all 6 @entity1 (100%) with a positive @entity419 PET, 5 of 19 @entity1 (26%) with residual masses on CT but negative @entity419 PET, and 3 of 29 @entity1 (10%) with negative CT scan and @entity419 PET studies (P </=.0001). We observed a higher relapse and @entity204 rate in @entity1 with residual masses at CT compared with @entity1 without residual masses at CT (progression-free survival at 1 year: 62 +/- 10 v 88 +/- 7%, P =. 0045; overall survival at 1 year: 77 +/- 5 v 95 +/- 5%, P =.0038). A positive @entity419 PET study was even more consistently associated with poorer survival: compared with @entity1 with a negative @entity419 PET study, the 1-year progression-free survival was 0% versus 86% +/- 5% (P <.0001) and the 1-year overall survival was 50% +/- 20% versus 92% +/- 4% (P <.0001). The detection of @entity5 by @entity419 PET after the end of treatment has a higher predictive value for relapse than classical CT scan imaging (positive predictive value: 100% v 42%). This could help identify @entity1 requiring intensification immediately after completion of chemotherapy. However, @entity419 PET mainly predicts for early progression but cannot exclude the presence of minimal @entity66 , possibly leading to a later relapse.

title: Whole-body positron emission tomography using XXXX for posttreatment evaluation in @entity978 and @entity1893 has higher diagnostic and prognostic value than classical computed tomography scan imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '18F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vital tumor']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) is a non-invasive method for activating specific areas of the brain. There are two variants, repetitive @entity9808 (rTMS) and direct @entity9808 . Rapid changes in an electrical current induce a magnetic field, which in turn induces an electrical current in a nearby conductor. When a coil is positioned over the brain, rTMS delivers very brief and painless magnetic pulses to the brain. Initially, rTMS was developed as a treatment for @entity308 . Since then, potential indications have been extended to the treatment of @entity1118 , most notably in @entity1 with @entity627 . Thus, active research is being conducted into rTMS effects in @entity239 , @entity1643 , and @entity158 . Studies have established that rTMS is safe; provides @entity158 relief, at least in the short-term; and improves the psychological correlates of @entity1118 . These data support further development efforts with the goal of using rTMS in @entity1 with @entity1118 , including those with @entity627 . French physicians have shown a high level of interest in rTMS, and the first French recommendations for using this method were issued in 2011. Further research is needed to determine the optimal stimulation parameters, session frequency, and session duration, as well as the best indications. Physicians who see many @entity1 with @entity1118 , such as rheumatologists, should be aware of this developing non-pharmacological and safe treatment modality, which can be of considerable help to their @entity1 .

title: Relieving XXXX in rheumatology @entity1 : repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a developing approach.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'Transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'type I complex regional pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An adjuvant locoregional radiotherapy after radical surgery results in a survival advantage for @entity0 @entity1 . The advantage starts with a delay and reaches about 10% 15 years after diagnosis. What could explain such a delayed efficacy? METHODS: A population-based cohort from 1996 to 1998 and the Munich Cancer Registry with courses of @entity0 since 1977 are the empirical basis. The analysis concerns survival rates and survival times in respect to @entity3 , local and lymph node recurrencies. A metastatic model is derived from the data. RESULTS: A cohort of 9,347 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 6.5 years and 2,587 courses with @entity3 and/or local recurrencies were registered. The overall survival after 15 years was for @entity2558 57.6%, pT2 37.9%, @entity1803 24.4% and for pT4 10.5%. Five years after metastasization 20.1 to 12.4% survived, 10 years 6% independent on pT. Ten years after local recurrencies the survival was dependent on pT of the @entity5 : @entity2558 36.3%, pT2 21.0%, @entity1803 13.1% und pT4 4.6%. A local recurrency is a prognostic factor for metastasization of the @entity5 , but local recurrencies can also cause @entity3 . The mean survival time after metastasization of the primary @entity2558 @entity5 is estimated about 61 months, after metastasization by local recurrencies about 99 months with a mean time to local recurrencies of 38 months. Further results of the metastatic model are: the development of metastasization is homogeneous and independent on pT-category, the metastatic initiation starts up to 5 years before diagnosis, metastatic-free survival time and progression survival time are independent and an impact of lymph node recurrencies on survival could not be detected. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of local recurrencies by high-quality primary therapy with radiotherapy and also the early detection of local recurrencies may reduce secondary metastasization and therefore improve survival. The metastasization model also explains the limitation of the therapeutical strategies and the almost mandatory chance of early detection programs of @entity0 .

title: [A model for primary and secondary metastasis in XXXX and the clinical consequences].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Liver @entity3 synchronously or metachronously occur in approximately 50% of @entity14 @entity1 . Multimodality comprehensive treatment is the best therapeutic strategy for these @entity1 . However, the optimal pattern of multimodality therapy is still controversial, and it raises several significant concerns. Liver resection is the most important treatment for @entity14 . The definition of resectability has shifted to focus on the completion of R0 resection and normal liver function maintenance. The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy still needs to be clarified. The management of either progression or complete remission during neoadjuvant chemotherapy is challenging. The optimal sequencing of surgery and chemotherapy in synchronous @entity14 @entity1 is still unclear. Conversional chemotherapy, portal vein embolization, two-stage resection, and @entity5 ablation are effective approaches to improve resectability for initially unresectable @entity1 . Several technical issues and concerns related to these methods need to be further explored. For @entity1 with definitely unresectable @entity409 , the necessity of resecting the @entity5 is still debatable, and evaluating and predicting the efficacy of targeted therapy deserve further investigation. This review discusses different patterns and important concerns of multidisciplinary treatment of @entity14 .

title: Multi-modality treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: @entity2 is a global epidemic and the number one cause of @entity204 among all @entity5 , with a very high morbidity. A new strategy for the treatment of @entity2 is the detection and eradication of pre-invasive @entity2488 before they become invasive @entity189 . We conducted a detailed investigation into the use of fluorescence bronchoscopy in the detection of pre-invasive @entity2488 in @entity1 with sputum cytology suspicious or positive for @entity5 . We also studied the distinctive cytological findings in the sputum specimens corresponding to the pre-invasive @entity2488 . Sputum examinations were performed by mass screening a high-risk group of @entity1 . From 1997 to 1999, 61 @entity1 with sputum cytology suspicious or positive for @entity5 were referred to our institute, and were examined with both white-light and fluorescence bronchoscopy. For the cytological findings, the collection of sputum was performed in the early morning. Conventional white-light examinations were first performed, and areas with abnormal findings were recorded for subsequent biopsy. Fluorescence bronchoscopy examinations were then carried out. Biopsy specimens for a pathological examination were taken from all the suspicious or abnormal areas discovered by the white-light bronchoscopy, or fluorescence bronchoscopy examination, or both. The laser-induced fluorescence bronchoscopic examination showed a high sensitivity for @entity189 , @entity189 in situ, as well as severe, moderate, and mild @entity1141 . In the sputum cytological findings, a thickened cytoplasm and slight hyperchromasia were frequently observed in the mild @entity1141 compared with the squamous cells without atypia. Hyperchromasia and an Orange G (OG)-philic cytoplasm of squamous cells were frequently observed in the moderate compared with the mild @entity1141 . A thickened cytoplasm, a nuclear pleomorphism, a thickened nuclear rim, a coarse chromatin, an uneven chromatin distribution, and an OG-philic cytoplasm were frequently observed in the @entity189 in situ and severe @entity1141 compared with the moderate @entity1141 . We found that the use of fluorescence bronchoscopy in addition to conventional white-light examination can enhance the detection and localization of pre-invasive @entity2488 in @entity1 with sputum cytology suspicious or positive for @entity5 . Sputum cytology is therefore a potential approach to diagnosing pre-invasive @entity2488 .

title: Cytological findings of pre-invasive XXXX detected by light-induced fluorescence endoscopy in a @entity2 screening system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'dysplasias']

answer: @entity2488 :: (MESH:D001982,Disease) :: ['bronchial lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High salt intake in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) may cause @entity101 and increased @entity633 . Although, the estimation of salt intake is essential, there are no easy methods to estimate real salt intake. METHODS: Salt intake was assessed by determining urinary @entity1372 excretion from the collected urine samples. Estimation of salt intake by spot urine was calculated by Tanaka's formula. The correlation between estimated and measured @entity1372 excretion was evaluated by Pearson  s correlation coefficients. Performance of equation was estimated by median bias, interquartile range (IQR), proportion of estimates within 30% deviation of measured @entity1372 excretion (P30) and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ).The sensitivity and specificity of estimated against measured @entity1372 excretion were separately assessed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: A total of 334 urine samples from 96 @entity1 were examined. Mean age was 58        16   years, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 53        27   mL/min. Among these @entity1 , 35 had @entity740 stage 1 or 2, 39 had stage 3, and 22 had stage 4 or 5. Estimated @entity1372 excretion significantly correlated with measured @entity1372 excretion (R   =   0.52, P   <   0.01). There was apparent correlation in @entity1 with eGFR <30   mL/min (R   =   0.60, P   <   0.01). Moreover, IQR was lower and P30 was higher in @entity1 with eGFR   <   30   mL/min. Estimated @entity1372 excretion had high accuracy to predict measured @entity1372 excretion, especially when the cut-off point was >170   mEq/day (AUC 0.835). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that spot urine can be used to estimate @entity1372 excretion, especially in @entity1 with low eGFR.

title: Estimation of salt intake from spot urine samples in XXXX with @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['RMSE', 'root mean square error']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: From 1978 through 1987, 321 @entity1 who had functional @entity997 ( @entity997 ) associated with mitral or combined mitral and @entity886 underwent tricuspid annuloplasty with our modification of the original De Vega's annuloplasty technique. The modified De Vega's annuloplasty consisted of two separate semicircular sutures placed around the anterior and lateral aspect of the tricuspid valve. Preoperatively, 229 (71.3%) of the 321 @entity1 were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. There were nineteen early @entity204 (5.9%), and 15 @entity1 died during a follow-up period of 15 to 126 months (mean follow-up, 26 months). Five @entity1 (1.5%) required reoperation because of biological @entity712 and recurrence of @entity4794 . The severity of @entity997 was evaluated by two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography, and was classified on a scale of 0 to Grade 3 according to the maximal distance and the flow pattern of the regurgitant signals in the right atrium. Postoperative echocardiographic evaluation of @entity997 was performed in 121 randomly selected @entity1 late after operation. @entity997 reduced to Grade 1 or less in 107 (88.4%) of the 121 @entity1 after operation. Ninety-six percent of the survivors were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II, postoperatively. The actuarial survival rate for the 321 @entity1 with the modified De Vega's annuloplasty including early @entity204 was 88.2% at 10 years and the actuarial rate of freedom from reoperation on the tricuspid valve was 97.6%. Our surgical experience indicated that the modified De Vega's annuloplasty, as the method of first choice, is a simple, reliable procedure and resulted in reduction of the severity of @entity997 in 88.4% of the @entity1 with functional @entity997 .

title: Modified De Vega's annuloplasty for functional XXXX --early and late results.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve failure']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']


abstract: Although they are effective at treating the @entity73 that are the core symptoms of @entity191 , current treatments, namely @entity3034 (L: - @entity9191 ), the gold standard medication and high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (HFS- @entity9221 ), can lead to cognitive and mood alterations. Many of these side effects, such as @entity308 , @entity25 , could be related to abnormal functioning of the serotonergic system, but much basic research remains to be done. Molecular studies in @entity1 and animal models of the disease have reported diverse drastic changes to the serotonergic system. It has also been shown that the serotonergic system both plays a major role in the mechanism of action of the current therapies and is altered by the therapies. It has been reported that HFS- @entity9221 decreases @entity750 release in several regions, mostly via inhibition of serotonergic neuron activity. The involvement of serotonergic neurons in L: - @entity9191 treatment is even more significant. First, serotonergic neurons, able to convert exogenous L: - @entity9191 to @entity935 , are a major site to release @entity935 throughout the brain. Second, the substitution of @entity750 by newly synthesized @entity935 in @entity750 neurons leads to acute and chronic alteration of @entity750 release and metabolism. Therefore, both therapeutic approaches, via distinct mechanisms, decrease serotonergic system activity and, rather than alleviating cognitive or @entity1316 , tend to aggravate them. Molecular strategies targeting the serotonergic system are being developed and could be decisive in limiting L: - @entity9191 -induced @entity910 , as well as mood and cognitive symptoms produced by antiparkinsonian therapies.

title: Contribution of serotonergic transmission to the motor and cognitive effects of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or levodopa in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['L: -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairments']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety and sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: @entity1210 ( @entity1210 ), also called cyclic @entity1398 , is an @entity74 known to occur in both @entity1 and gray collie @entity235 . Previous reports have provided ample evidence to suggest that lymphocyte activity and regulatory mechanisms may be abnormal in @entity1210 . The present study examined the lymphocyte populations of several lymphoid compartments of gray collie @entity235 . The percentage of B lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of @entity1210 @entity235 was significantly increased whereas that of null lymphocytes was decreased. The percentage of T lymphocytes did not differ between @entity1210 and normal @entity235 , however, the proportions of T lymphocyte subpopulations were significantly different. The levels of T lymphocytes expressing IgGFc receptors (T gamma) in the thymus, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood were significantly increased; whereas the levels of T lymphocytes expressing IgMFc receptors (T mu) were significantly decreased. The percentage and absolute numbers of T gamma and T mu lymphocytes cycled in @entity1210 @entity235 . The percentage and absolute numbers of neutrophils were greatest when that of T gamma lymphocytes was reduced. The cycles of monocytes and T gamma lymphocytes occurred in close association and a linear relationship between the levels of these cells was observed both in terms of percentage (r = 0.62; P less than 0.01) and absolute number (r = 0.67; P less than 0.05). The percentage of T gamma and T mu lymphocytes were inversely correlated (r = -0.68; P less than 0.01).

title: @entity235 cyclic hematopoiesis: alterations in T lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and thymus of gray collie XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['CH', 'Cyclic hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES AND IMPORTANCE: Cervical spine compromise by @entity82 is rare; only 20 cases have been reported. Treatment was surgical in six cases, but the management differed among the other cases. In this retrospective case report, we analyze and discuss the surgical treatment of this condition in the context of previous reports. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 35 year-old @entity1 presented 1 week after the onset of spontaneous neck and left @entity158 , which increased 48 hours later. A physical examination revealed only slight neck stiffness. Her previous history was unremarkable. Plain radiographic, radioisotope bone scanning, and computed tomographic studies were performed. The body of the fifth cervical vertebra was collapsed. INTERVENTION: A C5 corpectomy was performed, and the spine was reconstructed with a block of biocompatible osteoconductive polymer and a plate with four bicortical screws. Pathologic examination revealed @entity82 . The postoperative course was uneventful, and the @entity158 disappeared. Radiographs obtained postoperatively demonstrated good spinal alignment. The @entity1 was discharged after 7 days. Three years later, she continued to have no @entity158 , and spine stability was preserved. CONCLUSION: Good results can be achieved in the surgical treatment of @entity6349 tissue with the use of instruments for spine reconstruction and synthetic grafting to prevent invasion.

title: Surgical treatment of cervical XXXX : technical case report and review

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'arm pain']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['spine fibrous dysplasia']


abstract: In order to elucidate the roles of Insulin-like Growth Factors ( @entity12067 ) in @entity1 pregnancy, the levels of @entity442 and @entity5100 , the distribution of binding proteins for @entity442 or @entity5100 and profiles of unsaturated @entity7750 binding proteins (USBP) were estimated in maternal and cord plasma. @entity442 levels in maternal plasma gradually elevated in late gestation, reaching 304.4 +/- 130.1ng/ml at term, and were significantly higher than those in nonpregnant @entity1 (188 +/- 58). @entity5100 levels, which were 414.9 +/- 75.4ng/ml in @entity1 in the third trimester of gestation, did not produce any remarkable changes in the levels in nonpregnant @entity1 (395.9 +/- 72.6). On the other hand, @entity442 in cord plasma also increased according to gestational age, reaching 37.3 +/- 14.6ng/ml at term, but it was significantly lower than that in maternal weight (r = 0.50, p less than 0.005) and relative birth weight (r = 0.41, p less than 0.005). @entity5100 in cord plasma showed no significant changes during gestation, however, @entity5100 levels in AFD (appropriate for date) newborns delivered at term (203.8 +/- 59.4) were significantly lower than those in maternal plasma. And they had no positive correlations with birth weight and relative birth weight. On Sephadex G150 gel-chromatography of cord plasma from AFD newborns at term, more than 70% of immunoreactive @entity442 in plasma was eluted at 150K region, and 150K USBP could be detected as observed in adult plasma. On the other hand, most of the immunoreactive @entity5100 was eluted at 40K region, and 150K USBP was not detected in AFD newborns at term. In adult plasma, most of the immunoreactive @entity5100 was eluted at 150K region, but 150K USBP could not be detected. From these results, it is supposed that @entity442 plays an essential role in fetal growth rather than @entity5100 .

title: [Studies on insulin-like growth factors ( @entity442 , -II) and there binding proteins in normal XXXX pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity7750 :: ('MESH:D013002', 'Chemical') :: ['somatomedin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a common @entity32 characterized by activated T-cell infiltration. T lymphocytes bearing natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 . However, the expression pattern of activating and inhibitory NKRs on T lymphocytes from psoriatic @entity1 and its significance in @entity1569 needs further study. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the pathogenesis of NKR-expressing T cells in @entity1569 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity102 and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The immunophenotypic profiles of NKRs, including @entity2940 , @entity4071 (activating NKRs), @entity16301 , @entity31792 , @entity9706 and @entity9707 (inhibitory NKRs), were analysed in peripheral blood T lymphocytes, as well as psoriatic lesional infiltrating T cells, by triple-fluorescence flow cytometry. RESULTS: A significant increase of inhibitory @entity405 + @entity31792 +, CD4 @entity405 @entity31792 + and @entity405 + @entity9706 / @entity9707 + T cells was found in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity1569 when compared with controls. Tissue-infiltrating T lymphocytes expressing inhibitory receptors @entity31792 , @entity9706 and @entity9707 were found in @entity75 . There was a significant positive correlation between the increased percentage of circulating @entity405 + @entity9706 / @entity9707 + T cells and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we demonstrated increased proportions of particular subsets of inhibitory @entity31792 + and/or @entity9706 / @entity9707 + T cells in @entity1 with @entity1569 . The elevation of these inhibitory NKR-expressing T cells was correlated with disease severity, which may signify the possibility of chronic antigen-driven stimulation and dysregulated cytokine production in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 .

title: Increased expression of the natural killer cell inhibitory receptor @entity9706 / XXXX and @entity31792 on circulating and lesional T cells in @entity1 with @entity102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity9707 :: (3821,Gene) :: ['NKG2A']


abstract: The aim of this prospective study was to compare operative procedure and postoperative complications between horizontal tracheal incision and window-type tracheal excision for elective tracheotomy in @entity1 with @entity1697 . Between February 2003 and April 2004, 40 @entity1 with @entity1697 cancer were consecutively seen at our @entity5 clinic. All @entity1 underwent elective tracheotomy before wide excision of the @entity5 and free flap reconstruction. Either horizontal tracheal incision (H group) or window-type tracheal excision (W group) was randomly carried out in two groups comprising 20 @entity1 each. The post-tracheotomy @entity6184 was evaluated by tracheal computed tomography (CT) coupled with advantage workstation 4.0 software for reconstruction. Both groups had the following similar characteristics: age, gender, tracheotomy days, or interval between decannulation and CT scan evaluation. However, the incision time was statistically less in the H group (16.4s) compared with the W group (43.4s). @entity6184 was found in five @entity1 (25%) in the H group and four @entity1 (20%) in the W group, with no significant differences. Nevertheless, neither @entity1353 or stridor after decannulation, difficulty in tube exchange, nor accidental extrusion was reported in either groups. The horizontal incision for elective tracheotomy is simpler and faster than the window-type tracheal excision. The complication rate is not significantly different in both groups. We therefore, recommend using horizontal incision for elective tracheotomy in @entity1 with @entity1697 .

title: Tracheal incision for elective tracheotomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage oral cavity', 'oral cavity cancer']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis', 'Tracheal stenosis']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['oral cavity cancer']


abstract: Brucella species are able to survive and replicate within the phagocytic vacuole of macrophages that induce @entity281 in @entity1 and domestic animals. The activation of oxidative bactericidal activity is one of the defense systems which protect the host from the toxic effects of pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation, NO production, antioxidative system and @entity32 during a period of @entity281 in a @entity35 model; in addition to investigate the role of elevated intracellular @entity1919 on Brucella-induced events. Brucella significantly induced lipid peroxidation in plasma, liver and spleen by 3-5-fold at 7 days postinfection. NO concentration was significantly elevated in the liver and spleen while unchanged in plasma. @entity1919 elevating agent, @entity7428 , administration (1mg/kg/day i.p., 3 days) gradually suppressed lipid peroxidation and NO formation to the basal level in plasma and spleen whilst only a slight decrease was observed in liver. Brucella considerably decreased SOD activity in the liver and spleen, with @entity7428 restoring the enzyme activity in liver and activity in spleen being unchanged. Reverse transcriptase PCR analyses showed that @entity6467 does not alter TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma transcriptions in liver and spleen. The pathogen did not consistently induce @entity842 synthase mRNA transcriptions in animals; even in those housed in the same group. IL-10 transcription was induced by @entity7428 in spleen but not in liver. Our results suggest that activation of the @entity268 /PKA pathway suppressed lipid peroxidation and the elevated NO concentrations caused by @entity6467 . Moreover, @entity7428 induced anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 transcription and SOD activity, albeit in a tissue dependent manner.

title: Elevated XXXX levels reverse @entity6467 -induced lipid peroxidation and stimulate IL-10 transcription in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['rolipram']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['brucella infection', 'chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP', 'cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis', 'B. melitensis']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity520 , @entity2332 , and @entity1003 were identified more than 20 years ago as a deadly triad for @entity1 presenting with exsanguinating @entity548 . This led to fundamental changes in initial management of severely injured @entity1 . Despite major advances, @entity548 remains a leading cause of @entity204 in @entity130 @entity1 . Recent studies report most severely injured @entity1 to be coagulopathic at admission, before resuscitation interventions, and that traditional massive transfusion practice grossly underestimates needs. The hypothesis for this study is that our pre-intensive care unit (ICU) massive transfusion (MT) protocol does not adequately @entity1003 , and that early uncorrected @entity1003 is predictive of mortality. METHODS: Data maintained in our @entity130 Research Database were reviewed. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association of early ICU international normalized ratio (INR) and outcomes, including survival. RESULTS: Ninety-seven of 200 @entity1 admitted during 51 months (ending January 2003) and resuscitated using our standardized ICU shock resuscitation protocol received MT (> or =10 units packed red blood cells [PRBC]) during hospital day 1 (age, 39 +/- 2; ISS, 29 +/- 1; survival, 70%.) All @entity1 required emergency operating room and/or interventional radiology procedures and arrived in the ICU 6.8 +/- 0.3 hours after admission. @entity1003 , present at hospital admission (pre-ICU INR, 1.8 +/- 0.2), persisted at ICU admission (initial ICU INR, 1.6 +/- 0.1). Pre-ICU resuscitation, 9 +/- 1 L crystalloid fluid, 12 +/- 1 units PRBC, 5 +/- 0.4 units fresh frozen plasma (FFP), was consistent with our MT protocol by which FFP was not given until after 6 units PRBC. ICU resuscitation involved 11 +/- 1 L lactated Ringer's solution (LR) and 10 +/- 1 units PRBC. Mean pH was normal within 8 hours. Mean temperature increased from approximately 35 degrees C to >37 degrees C within 4 hours. In the ICU during resuscitation, @entity1 received 10 +/- 1 units FFP for @entity1003 ; the ratio of FFP:PRBC was 1:1. Mean INR decreased to 1.4 +/- 0.03 within 8 hours and remained nearly constant for the remaining 16 hours of ICU resuscitation, indicating moderate @entity1003 . Statistical analysis found severity of @entity1003 (INR) at ICU admission associated with survival outcome (p = 0.02; area under receiver operator curve [ROC] = 0.71.) CONCLUSION: These data indicate @entity520 and @entity2332 to be well managed. @entity1003 was not corrected in the ICU despite adherence to pre-ICU MT and ICU protocols, likely because of inadequate pre-ICU intervention. More aggressive pre-ICU intervention to @entity1003 may be effective in decreasing PRBC requirement during ICU resuscitation, and, because of the association with increased mortality, could improve outcome. We have revised our pre-ICU MT protocol to emphasize early FFP in a FFP:PRBC ratio of 1:1. We think that treatment of @entity1003 can be improved with the development of standardized protocols, both empiric and data driven.

title: Fresh frozen plasma should be given earlier to XXXX requiring massive transfusion.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['correct coagulopathy', 'Coagulopathy', 'coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'Acidosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and the risk factors of @entity3949 in representative samples of elderly individuals. @entity1 : 4191 subjects 55 years and older from two areas of Italy were screened by their general practitioners (GPs) and those positive for @entity1109 were subjected to a standard clinical examinations. METHODS: The screening questionnaire included a list of clinical conditions possibly causing @entity305 , including @entity6 . In @entity1 with @entity6 , the date of diagnosis, the most recent fasting and post-prandial blood @entity413 value and glycosylated hemoglobin were sought. Probable @entity305 was diagnosed through @entity73 or 3 nerve functions (strength, sensation, tendon reflexes) in the extremities with symmetrical and distal distribution. RESULTS: The sample included 347 @entity1 with @entity6 (8.3%). Sixty-six of them (19%) had symptoms and signs consistent with probable @entity305 (overall prevalence 1.6%). The disease prevailed in @entity1 and in subjects aged 75 years and older. @entity6 @entity1 with @entity305 had a longer disease course (P < 0.02) and high mean fasting (P < 0.001) and post-prandial (P < 0.02) blood @entity413 . CONCLUSION: @entity3949 in the elderly is a fairly common clinical condition prevailing in @entity1 and in subjects 75 years and older. Risk factors for @entity305 include @entity1162 duration and high mean fasting and post-prandial blood @entity413 .

title: XXXX in the elderly. Prevalence and risk factors in two geographic areas of Italy. Italian General Practitioner Study Group (IGPSG).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of 2']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic polyneuropathy', 'diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['Diabetic polyneuropathy']


abstract: To construct @entity9925 @entity154 ( @entity154 ) particles in vitro, we synthesized an RNA from a cloned @entity9925 cDNA, pSM1( @entity7683 )1, which carried a deletion in the genome region corresponding to @entity377 positions 1663 to 2478 encoding viral capsid proteins, by using @entity7683 RNA polymerase. The RNA was designed to retain the correct reading frame in @entity377 sequence downstream of the deletion. HeLa S3 monolayer cells were transfected with the deletion RNA and then superinfected with standard virus as a helper. The @entity154 RNA was observed in the infected cells after three passages at high multiplicity of @entity281 . The sequence analysis of RNA extracted from the purified @entity154 particle clearly showed that this @entity154 RNA had the same deletion in size and location as that in the RNA used for the transfection. Thus, we succeeded in construction of a @entity9925 @entity154 particle in vitro. To gain insight into the mechanism for @entity154 generation, we constructed @entity9925 cDNAs pSM1( @entity7683 )1a and pSM1( @entity7683 )1b that, in addition to the same deletion as that in pSM1( @entity7683 )1, had insertion sequences of 4 bases and 12 bases, respectively, at the corresponding @entity377 position, 2978. The RNA transcribed from pSM1( @entity7683 )1a was not a template for synthesis of @entity9925 nonstructural proteins and therefore was inactive as an RNA replicon. On the other hand, the RNA from pSM1( @entity7683 )1b replicated properly in the transfected cells. Superinfection of the transfected cells with standard virus resulted in production of @entity154 particles derived from pSM1( @entity7683 )1b and not from pSM1( @entity7683 )1a. These observations indicate that deletion RNAs that are inactive replicons have little or no possibility of being genomes of @entity154 particles suggesting the existence of a nonstructural protein(s) that has an inclination to function as a cis-acting protein(s). The method described here will provide a useful technique to investigate genetic information essential for @entity9925 replication.

title: In vitro construction of @entity9925 XXXX particles.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['defective interfering', 'DI']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['defective interfering']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity439 involving branches of the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries are uncommon and require proper management to prevent @entity397 and @entity204 . This study compares surgical and endovascular treatment of these @entity439 and analyzes outcome. METHODS: @entity1 at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York who were treated for @entity439 in the branches of the celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery were identified through a search of the institution's medical records and endovascular database. @entity1 demographics, history, clinical presentation, @entity439 characteristics, treatments, and follow-up outcome were retrospectively recorded. Significant differences between @entity1 treated by surgical or endovascular therapy were determined by using Student's t test and chi2 analysis. RESULTS: Between January 1, 1991, and July 1, 2005, 59 @entity1 with 61 @entity439 were treated at a single institution. Twenty-four @entity1 had surgical repair, and 35 underwent endovascular treatment, which included coil embolization and stent-graft therapy. @entity99 predominated. Eighty-nine percent of @entity438 were @entity439 and were treated by endovascular and surgical procedures in near equal numbers (14 and 11, respectively). @entity2849 were significantly more likely to be treated by endovascular means (P < .01). The technical success rate of endovascular treatment for @entity439 was 89%, and failures were successfully treated by repeat coil embolization in all @entity1 who presented for retreatment. @entity1 treated by endovascular techniques had a significantly higher incidence of @entity5 than @entity1 treated with open surgical techniques (P = .03). Furthermore, @entity1 treated by endovascular means had a shorter in-hospital length of stay (2.4 vs 6.6 days, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Endovascular management of @entity439 is an effective means of treating @entity439 involving branches of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries and is particularly useful in @entity1 with comorbidities, including @entity5 . It is associated with a decreased length of stay in the elective setting, and failure of primary treatment can often be successfully managed percutaneously.

title: Management of XXXX involving branches of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries: a comparison of surgical and endovascular therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Splenic (28) and hepatic (22) artery aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'true aneurysms', 'visceral aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Changes in the morphology and the size of the corpus callosum, are related to various pathological conditions. An analysis of these changes requires data about sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum, which we tried to obtain in our study. We also investigated the method of digital morphometry and compared the obtained results with the results of other authors obtained by magnetic resonance imaging or by planimetry. METHODS: A morphological research included 34 @entity1 brains (cadavers of both sexes--19 female and 15 male aged 26-72 years). By digital morphometry using an AutoCAD software we performed measurements in the corpus callosum: the length (L), width in the half of its length (WW'), @entity3067 ( @entity3067 ), area and perimeter of the anterior and posterior callosal segments, as well as the area and perimeter of the corpus callosum section area. The investigated parameters were analyzed and compared between the females and males. RESULTS: There was not a statistically significant difference between the males and females in the investigated parameters of the corpus callosum (t test; p > 0.05), including the mean values of the two most important parameters, the surface of its mid-sagittal section area (males 654.11 @entity202 ; females 677.40 @entity202 ) and of its perimeter (males 19.61 cm; females 19.72 cm). The results obtained by digital morphometry were in the range of the results of other authors obtained by magnetic resonance and by planimetry. However, the value of Pearson coefficient of linear correlation between the section surface area and perimeter of the corpus callosum in the males was highly significant (rxy = 0.6943, p < 0.01), while in the females this value was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: Digital morphometry is accurate method in encephalometric investigations. Our results suggest that the problem of sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum is very complex, because the identical variables (section surface area or its perimeter) do not exhibit the same behavior in males and in females, implicating that these variables even cannot be simply compared between the sexes.

title: [Sexual dimorphism of the XXXX corpus callosum--digital morphometric study].

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['length of its cortical margin', 'LCM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and necessity of No.13 lymph node dissection in D2 radical gastrectomy for lower-third advanced @entity356 (AGC). METHODS: Data of 379 cases who were diagnosed as TNM II-III stage AGC were collected from January 2001 to June 2007. One hundred cases who undergone No.13 lymph node dissection during D2 gastrectomy for lower-third AGC were selected as study group. Other 279 cases (control group) received only D2 gastrectomy. The differences in clinicopathologic and intraoperative and postoperative parameters and 5-years survival rate were compared using the SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in @entity1 ' gender, age, @entity5 size, histologic type, Borrmann type, duodenum invasion, @entity5 depth, lymph node @entity3 , TNM classification, operative time, @entity190 and the incidence of @entity260 (P > 0.05). In the study group, there were 9 @entity1 with positive No. 13 lymph node, and its 5-year survival rate (46.0%) was higher than the control group (36.5%,      = 4.452, P < 0.05). The Univariate analysis showed that age (     = 7.539), No.13 lymph node dissection (     = 4.452), @entity5 size (     = 7.100), duodenum invasion (     = 9.106), @entity5 depth (     = 7.428), lymph node @entity3 (     = 45.046), TNM classification (     = 57.008) are associated with prognosis of lower-third AGC (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified age (HR = 0.500, 95% CI: 0.343 - 0.730), @entity5 size (HR = 0.545, 95%CI: 0.339 - 0.876), duodenum invasion (HR = 5.821, 95%CI: 2.326 - 14.572), and @entity5 depth (T4: HR = 2.087, 95% CI: 1.283 - 3.394) as independent prognostic factors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: No. 13 lymph node dissection for TNM II-III stage lower-third advanced @entity356 is feasible and necessary.

title: [The significance of No.13 lymph node dissection in D2 gastrectomy for lower-third advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The incidence of @entity5 is expected to rise sharply in China. A reliable routine @entity1082 ) detection and genotyping test to be supplemented by the limited Papanicolaou cytology facilities is urgently needed to help identify the @entity1 with cervical precancer for preventive interventions. To this end, we evaluated a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for detection of HPV L1 gene DNA in cervicovaginal cells. The PCR amplicons were genotyped by direct DNA sequencing. In parallel, split samples were subjected to a Digene @entity14043 HPV test which has been widely used for " @entity5 risk" screen. Of the 1826 specimens, 1655 contained sufficient materials for analysis and 657 were truly negative. PCR/DNA sequencing showed 674 infected by a single high-risk HPV, 188 by a single low-risk HPV, and 136 by multiple HPV genotypes with up to five HPV genotypes in one specimen. In comparison, the @entity14043 test classified 713 specimens as infected by high-risk HPV, and 942 as negative for @entity1083 . The high-risk @entity14043 test correctly detected 388 (57.6%) of the 674 high-risk HPV isolates in clinical specimens, mislabeled 88 (46.8%) of the 188 low-risk HPV isolates as high-risk genotypes, and classified 180 (27.4%) of the 657 "true-negative" samples as being infected by high-risk HPV. It was found to cross-react with 20 low-risk HPV genotypes. We conclude that nested PCR detection of HPV followed by short target DNA sequencing can be used for screening and genotyping to formulate a paradigm in clinical management of @entity74 in a rapidly developing economy.

title: Prevent XXXX by screening with reliable @entity1082 detection and genotyping.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-related disorders']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: 1. The @entity1 colonic epithelium carries out a number of different transporting activities simultaneously, of which more than one is increased following activation with a single agonist. These separate activities can be quantified by solving a set of equations describing these activities, provided some of the dependent variables can be eliminated. Using variations in the experimental conditions, blocking drugs and comparing wild type tissues with those from transgenic animals this has been achieved for electrogenic ion transporting activity of the @entity19 colon. 2. Basal activity and that following activation with @entity1928 was measured by short circuit current in isolated @entity19 colonic epithelia from normal and @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity19 . 3. Using @entity6478 it is shown that @entity1577 colons show increased electrogenic @entity1372 absorption compared to wild type tissues. @entity1577 @entity19 had elevated plasma @entity1369 , which may be responsible for part or all of the increased @entity1372 absorbtion in @entity1577 colons. 4. The derived values for electrogenic @entity2865 secretion and for electrogenic @entity972 secretion were increased by 13 and 3 fold respectively by @entity1928 , compared to basal state values for these processes. 5. The loop diuretic, @entity1483 , completely inhibited electrogenic @entity972 secretion, but apparently only partially inhibited electrogenic @entity2865 secretion. However, use of @entity3157 -free solutions and @entity3791 reduced the @entity1483 -resistant current, suggesting that electrogenic @entity3157 secretion accounts for the @entity1483 -resistant current. 6. It is argued that the use of tissues from transgenic animals is an important adjunct to pharmacological analysis, especially where effects in tissues result in the activation of more than one sort of response.

title: Formal analysis of electrogenic @entity1372 , @entity972 , XXXX and @entity3157 transport in @entity19 colon epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['frusemide']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity2865 :: (CHEBI:17996,Chemical) :: ['chloride']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare three analgesic regimens for @entity158 relief after thyroidectomy. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Inpatient anesthesia in a university department of endocrine surgery. @entity1 : 342 @entity1 scheduled for elective thyroidectomy with nitrous @entity8369 - @entity26 - @entity5161 anesthesia in addition to @entity3575 . INTERVENTIONS: Group 1 received preoperative oral controlled release @entity1286 10 mg, and Group 2 received postoperative sublingual @entity4783 0.2 mg. Group 3 received 0.25% @entity1341 (10 ml) wound infiltration before skin closure. Eight hours after tracheal extubation, @entity1 received a second dose of the same drug in each group except in Group 3, where medication was changed to sublingual @entity4783 0.2 mg. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 in Group 2 required fewer additional analgesics: 0.54 +/- 0.68 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.84 in Group 1 and 0.79 +/- 0.78 in Group 3. @entity1 in Group 2 demonstrated a better @entity158 score and this group showed a higher percentage of satisfied @entity1 : 96% vs. 85% in Group 1 and 91% in Group 3. Group 2 also included more @entity1 requiring no analgesics: 56% vs. 32% in Group 1 and 42% in Group 3. The side effects in all three groups did not differ. CONCLUSION: The administration of sublingual @entity4783 after thyroidectomy provides better analgesia than small doses of oral controlled-release @entity1286 or than 0.25% @entity1341 wound infiltration at the end of surgery.

title: Postthyroidectomy analgesia: @entity1286 , @entity4783 , or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of @entity1109 in @entity1 throughout the UK. METHOD: A questionnaire survey of 12-14 year olds throughout England, Wales, Scotland, and the Scottish Islands using the international study of @entity565 and @entity566 in childhood (ISAAC) protocol. RESULTS: A total of 27 507 (86%) @entity1 took part. Recent @entity7370 was reported by 18.2%, with 6.2% reporting symptoms between March and September; 16.4% reported itchy @entity1910 in the past 12 months. The prevalence of @entity1109 was higher in @entity1 and subjects born within the UK. The prevalence of severe wheeze was highest in subjects reporting perennial @entity7370 , as opposed to summertime only symptoms. Winter @entity7370 was associated with severe wheeze and severe @entity1910 . One or more current symptoms were reported by 47.6% of all @entity1 and 4% reported all three symptoms. CONCLUSION: In general, geographical variations were small but the prevalence of symptoms was significantly higher in Scotland and northern England. The study demonstrates the importance of @entity66 both in their own right and in association with @entity565 .

title: Hay fever, eczema, and wheeze: a nationwide UK study (ISAAC, international study of XXXX and @entity566 in childhood).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['flexural rash']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['atopic symptoms']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: AIM: To assess trends in hygiene management in dental practices in comparison to an earlier survey in 2002/2003 and to point out key aspects for future efforts. METHOD: The @entity281 prevention management of all dental practices in Greifswald (n=35) was determined by a questionnaire in a personal interview in 2008/2009. RESULTS: 26% of the dentists did not use sufficient personal protective equipment during the general examination of the @entity1 . In conservative and prosthetic dentistry, 15% still did not use adequate measures and 9% did not even in surgical interventions. Vaccination coverage was clearly too low, as only 35% of dentists were vaccinated against @entity683 and coverage with other vaccinations was also quite low. 11% of the dentists did not perform a documented anamnesis and in 29% of the dental practices no appointment system for risk @entity1 existed.There were significant deficiencies in the reprocessing of medical devices and in the equipment needed for reprocessing. The opportunity to participate in further training in this field was rejected by 23% of the dentists.In 10 dental practices, the colony count in the dental unit water-conducting system was five times higher than the limit. A contamination with @entity796 was discovered in 4 practices. All units were renovated. DISCUSSION: Overall, both the hygiene management and hygiene equipment in the practices have improved considerably compared to the previous survey in 2002/2003. This demonstrates the positive effect of the KRINKO guidelines from 2006. However, the survey again showed relevant deficiences in the hygiene management of dental practices, which agrees with a Germany-wide online survey from 2009. CONCLUSION: While the study revealed @entity942 in hygiene management, especially in reprocessing, it confirms that the KRINKO guidelines for dental practices from 2006 led to significant improvements in hygiene management. Doubts about the impact of the guidelines are not backed by evidence.

title: Impact of the "Guidelines for XXXX prevention in dentistry" (2006) by the Commission of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention at the Robert Koch-Institute (KRINKO) on hygiene management in dental practices - analysis of a survey from 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['persistent deficiencies']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biliary strictures are the most common complication after liver transplantation. A particular problem is @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ), which are often responsible for graft failure and early retransplantation. Although some encouraging results of successful endoscopic treatment have been reported, this has not yet resulted in a standardized therapeutic approach to date. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an optimized algorithm for the endoscopic treatment of @entity2806 . SETTING AND @entity1 : All adult @entity1 who underwent liver transplantation at the University of Essen between April 1998 and July 2006. DESIGN: Retrospective outcome analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Success or failure of 2 different therapeutic algorithms in terms of normalization of @entity1448 parameters and graft survival. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 who had undergone liver transplantation and had an endoscopically determined diagnosis of ITBL were identified. The median interval between liver transplantation and first endoscopic intervention was 242.5 (range, 16-3677) days. @entity1 received a median of 6 treatment sessions (range 2-13) every 8 to 10 weeks. In 16 of 48 @entity1 , a combination of @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and implantation of a plastic endoprosthesis ( @entity384 +EP) was performed; in the remaining 32 @entity1 , @entity384 alone was performed. Overall, endoscopic therapy was successful in 73%. @entity384 +EP was successful in 5 of 16 (31%) and @entity384 alone in 30 of 32 @entity1 (91%; P = .0027). In the @entity384 +EP group, severe @entity255 developed in 25% of @entity1 , but only 12% of the @entity384 group (P = .01). The median duration of therapy was 374 (range 11-808) days. Six of 48 @entity1 underwent retransplantation because of chronic graft rejection at a median of 1288 (range 883-4204) days after the primary liver transplantation. Six of 48 @entity1 underwent hepaticojejunostomy because of unsuccessful endoscopic therapy, and 1 @entity1 underwent surgery because of @entity715 . LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design. CONCLUSIONS: An endoscopic treatment regimen for @entity2806 , preferably @entity384 alone, could prolong the time to or could completely avoid surgical revision and early retransplantation and seems to be superior to endoscopic stenting.

title: Optimized endoscopic treatment of XXXX after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ITBLs', 'ischemic-type biliary lesions']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['ischemic-type biliary lesions']


abstract: To compare the benefit of @entity1289 inhibition and direct vasodilation on the prognosis of advanced @entity712 , 117 @entity1 evaluated for cardiac transplantation who had severe symptoms and abnormal hemodynamic status at rest were randomized to treatment with either @entity3371 or @entity2514 plus @entity3763 (Hy-C Trial). Comparable hemodynamic effects of the two regimens were sought by titrating vasodilator doses to match the hemodynamic status achieved with @entity1854 and diuretic agents, attempting to achieve a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15 mm Hg and a systemic vascular resistance of 1,200 dynes.s.cm-5. Treatment with the alternate vasodilator was started because of poor hemodynamic response or side effects (40% of @entity1 in the @entity3371 group and 22% in the @entity2514 group). Adequate hemodynamic response in @entity1 with a serum @entity1372 level less than 135 mg/dl was more likely with @entity2514 than with @entity3371 (71% vs. 33%, p = 0.04). @entity3763 was prescribed in 88% of the @entity2514 -treated @entity1 and 84% of the @entity3371 -treated @entity1 . The hemodynamic improvements from each regimen were equivalent. After 8 +/- 7 months of follow-up, the actuarial 1-year survival rate was 81% in the @entity3371 -treated @entity1 and 51% in the @entity2514 -treated @entity1 (p = 0.05). The improved survival with @entity3371 resulted from a lower rate of @entity944 , which occurred in only 3 of 44 @entity3371 -treated @entity1 compared with 17 of 60 @entity2514 -treated @entity1 (p = 0.01). In the subset of @entity1 who continued treatment with the initial vasodilator, results were similar to those for the entire treatment group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of direct vasodilation with @entity2514 versus XXXX inhibition with @entity3371 on mortality in advanced @entity712 : the Hy-C trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['Isosorbide dinitrate', 'isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: We present the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 15 @entity1822 . The nine male and six female @entity1 ranged in age from 16 to 72 years (median: 49 years). Gross @entity811 was the most common complaint. The @entity5 most often arose in the @entity1494 (50%) and ranged in size from 1 to 10 cm (median: 5 cm). Five @entity1 underwent total cystectomy, nine had a partial cystectomy or local excision, and one was only biopsied. Based on the highest of five sets of mitotic counts per case, @entity5 had one or fewer mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields (MF/10HPF); none of these @entity1 developed @entity3 during a follow-up interval of 1 month to 20 years (mean: 62 months). @entity5 showed three to six MF/10HPF; one @entity1 in this group died after 6 years with unresectable @entity3 , whereas the others are disease free with follow-up of 8 months to 8 years (mean: 62 months). Two @entity5 contained 10-15 MF/10HPF; one produced widespread @entity3 and was fatal after 3 months, whereas the other has not recurred or metastasized after 9 months. All @entity5 had infiltrating margins and invaded the bladder musculature--important features in their distinction from vesical @entity2909 . Nine @entity1822 had zones of myxoid intercellular material; six of these were predominantly or exclusively myxoid. The myxoid foci often closely resembled @entity6437 , particularly in superficial portions of the @entity5 . In two cases, an intense superficial plasma cell infiltrate mimicked a plasma cell granuloma. All 12 @entity1822 studied immunohistochemically were negative for epithelial markers (cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen); staining for @entity2277 was uniformly positive, and eight @entity5 also expressed desmin.

title: XXXX . A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 15 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['dome of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['eight tumors', 'Five tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas', 'vesical leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2277 :: ('7431', 'Gene') :: ['muscle-specific actin and vimentin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Adjuvant hormone therapy contributes to reductions in recurrence and mortality for @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . However, adherence to hormone therapy is suboptimal. This is the first systematic literature review examining interventions aimed at improving hormone therapy adherence. Researchers followed the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed-Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Ovid-Medline, and EMBASE were searched for behavioral interventions that aimed to enhance adherence to adjuvant hormone therapy in @entity0 survivors. A total of 376 articles were screened for eligibility. Five articles met the study criteria. All interventions presented adherence outcomes after 1-year follow-up. None significantly enhanced adherence compared to the usual care in the primary analysis (odds ratios ranged from 1.03 to 2.06 for adherence and from 1.11 to 1.18 for persistence). All studies targeted @entity1 , and only 3 studies included @entity0 @entity1 . Three tested the same intervention consisting of educational materials. Only one was conducted in the United States. Only one reported @entity1 ' ethnicity. Overall, it was unclear whether the studies contained bias. The use of different terminology and operationalization of adherence made comparisons challenging. Interventions to improve adherence to adjuvant hormone therapy in US @entity0 populations that include survivors who are ethnically diverse, premenopausal, and receiving @entity440 therapy are necessary to inform future interventions. Adoption of consistent adherence definitions/measurements will provide a clearer framework to consolidate aggregate findings. Given the limited efficacy of tested interventions, it is important to engage oncologists and researchers to develop approaches that target different components associated with hormone therapy adherence, such as doctor- @entity1 communication or social support.

title: Behavioral Interventions to Enhance Adherence to Hormone Therapy in XXXX : A  Systematic Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer Survivors']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of chronic @entity99 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Operating room with postoperative inpatient followup. MEASUREMENTS: The records of 153 @entity1 who underwent elective open hepatic resection were reviewed. The perioperative coagulation profile of each @entity1 was assessed. The postoperative period was subdivided into the early [postoperative day (POD) 0-3] and late (POD 4 - POD 7) periods. MAIN RESULTS: 68 (44.4%) @entity1 had @entity3619 and 50 (32.7%) had @entity82 . Eighty-four (54.9%) @entity1 had an abnormal early @entity86 profile and 46 (30.1%) had an abnormal late @entity86 profile. The proportion of @entity1 having an @entity854 profile peaked on POD 2, at 39.2%. Only 5.3% of @entity1 had an @entity854 profile on POD 7. The independent predictors of abnormal early and late @entity86 profiles were preexisting @entity1575 [early: odds ratio (OR) 3.73(1.49 - 9.29), late: OR 6.84(2.11 - 22.21)], abnormal @entity3459 profile [early: OR 9.68 (1.97 - 47.5), late: OR 11.71 (3.61- 38.02)], major hepatic resection [early: OR 4.15 (1.66 - 10.4), late: OR 5.43 (1.68 - 17.47)], and intraoperative @entity190 . CONCLUSIONS: An abnormal @entity86 profile after hepatic surgery is common in a @entity1 population with @entity3619 .

title: @entity854 profile after hepatic resection: the effect of XXXX and implications for epidural analgesia.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative coagulation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal coagulation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease on postoperative coagulation']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both normobaric (NBO) and hyperbaric (HBO) @entity26 therapy are protective in transient @entity2806 . In contrast, in permanent @entity63 models, which reflect the majority of clinical @entity64 , the effectiveness of NBO is unknown, and the effectiveness of HBO is controversial. The goals of the present study were to compare both @entity26 therapies in 2 models of permanent @entity63 , to study the effect of time window, and to evaluate the combination of both @entity26 therapies. METHODS: Distal or proximal permanent occlusion of @entity2500 (MCAO) was induced by coagulation or filament, respectively. @entity19 received air, NBO, a single or repeated HBO (3 ata) treatments. @entity1188 sizes were quantified at 7 days (coagulation) and 24 h (filament), respectively. RESULTS: Following MCA coagulation, @entity1188 volume was 12.9+/-1.6 mm3 in @entity19 breathing air. When started 45 min or 120 min after MCAO, NBO (10.8+/-2.2) and significantly more potently HBO (7.8+/-0.9) reduced @entity1188 size. Repeated HBO treatments had no additional effect (8.3+/-2.3). HBO also significantly decreased TUNEL cell staining at 24 h. Combination of 60 min NBO plus 60 min HBO resulted in smaller cortical @entity1188 (8.7+/-1.5) than 120 min NBO alone (11.1+/-3.2). In contrast, @entity1188 volumes in filament-induced permanent MCAO did not differ among rodents receiving air (50+/-24 mm3), NBO (48+/-16), or HBO (46+/-21). After filament-induced transient MCAO, however, HBO reduced @entity1188 volume significantly. CONCLUSIONS: NBO and more effectively HBO protect the brain against permanent cortical @entity63 . In extensive focal @entity63 , however, @entity26 therapy is only effective in case of early recanalization.

title: @entity26 therapy in permanent XXXX : potential and limitations.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct', 'infarcts']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['brain ischemia']


abstract: Exposure to genotoxic agents, such as ionizing radiation (IR), produces double-strand breaks, repaired predominantly in @entity1 cells by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). @entity10320 was identified as an interacting partner of a proteolytic Cyclin E (CycE) fragment, p18CycE. p18CycE endogenous generation during IR-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells and its stable expression in @entity5 cells sensitized to IR. yH2AX IR-induced foci (IRIFs) and comet assays indicated ineffective NHEJ DNA repair in p18CycE-expressing cells. DNA pull-down and chromatin recruitment assays revealed that retention of NHEJ factors to double-strand breaks, but not recruitment, was diminished. Similarly, IRIFs of phosphorylated T2609 and S2056- @entity10322 and its target S1778-53BP1 were greatly decreased in p18CycE-expressing cells. As a result, @entity10322 chromatin association was also increased. 53BP1 IRIFs were suppressed when p18CycE was generated in leukemic cells and in epithelial cells stably expressing p18CycE. @entity1129 mutated was activated but not its 53 @entity23380 and @entity26146 targets. These data indicate a profound influence of p18CycE on NHEJ through its interference with @entity10322 conformation and/or dimerization, which is required for effective DNA repair, making the p18CycE-expressing cells more IR sensitive. These studies provide unique mechanistic insights into NHEJ misregulation in @entity1 @entity5 cells, in which defects in NHEJ core components are rare.

title: Defective chromatin recruitment and retention of NHEJ core components in XXXX @entity5 cells expressing a Cyclin E fragment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumor']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['Ataxia telangiectasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2704 affects predominantly @entity1 . Furthermore, epidemiological studies suggest that @entity28 is a risk factor for @entity2704 and this association is influenced by sex. However, the biological basis for this bias is unclear. To address this issue, we assessed light avoidant behavior, a surrogate of @entity3917 , in female C57BL/6J @entity19 fed regular diet (RD) or high fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat). We first assessed sex differences in basal @entity3917 in 20-25 week old @entity19 and found that both @entity28 and lean females spent significantly less time in light than their male counterparts. Next, we assessed @entity3917 evoked by trigeminal stimulation with intradermal @entity2951 . Females at 20-25 weeks of age did not display @entity2951 -evoked photophobic behavior unless they had diet-induced @entity28 . When we tested 8-11 week old females to determine if the diet alone could be responsible for this effect, we found that both HFD and RD 8-11 week old females exhibit @entity2951 -evoked photophobic behavior. This is in contrast to what we have previously shown in males and indicates a sex difference in the photophobic behavior of @entity19 . Comparison of 20-25 week old RD @entity19 with 8-11 week old RD @entity19 suggests that age or age-related @entity1017 may contribute to @entity2951 -evoked photophobic behavior in males, but not in females. These findings suggest that @entity28 exacerbates @entity3917 in both sexes, but additional work is needed to understand the sex- and age-specific mechanisms that may contribute to @entity3917 and @entity158 .

title: Female sex and @entity28 increase photophobic behavior in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'Migraine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal pain']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Fifty-one cases of small cell @entity2 were studied by electron microscopy in order to determine if ultrastructural subsets could be found and if these subsets predicted clinical behavior. All of these cases were considered bona fide small cell @entity2 by light microscopy. @entity5 with ultrastructural features of epithelial differentiation were defined by the presence of well-formed, classic desmosomes joining adjacent cells and by additional features of squamous or glandular differentiation. Thirty-one @entity5 (60%) were considered "typical oat cell" by electron microscopy and 20 (40%) showed features of epithelial differentiation. Fifteen (75%) @entity5 with epithelial features were considered operable and nine (45%) were resected with curative intent. In contrast, 26 (84%) @entity5 considered typical oat cell by electron microscopy presented with extensive @entity3 . The @entity5 -free 5-year actuarial survival rate of @entity1 whose @entity5 showed features of epithelial differentiation was 25%. The actuarial survival rate of nine @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity5 with epithelial features was 38% at 5 years. Only one @entity1 whose @entity5 was considered typical of oat cell @entity189 by electron microscopy survived 5 years. Our current recommendation is to remove all clinically resectable @entity2 with the expectation that these localized small cell @entity5 are likely to show epithelial features by electron microscopic analysis.

title: Electron microscopy in selection of XXXX with small cell @entity2 for medical versus surgical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung', 'pulmonary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The optimal management of severe @entity339 in @entity1 without class I triggers ( @entity712 or @entity1002 ) remains controversial in part due to the poorly defined long-term consequences of current management strategies. In the absence of clinical trial data, analysis of large multicenter registries is critical. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the comparative effectiveness of initial medical management (nonsurgical observation) vs early mitral valve surgery following the diagnosis of @entity339 due to flail leaflets. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The @entity339 International Database (MIDA) registry includes 2097 consecutive @entity1 with flail @entity339 (1980-2004) receiving routine cardiac care from 6 tertiary centers (France, Italy, Belgium, and the United States). Mean follow-up was 10.3 years and was 98% complete. Of 1021 @entity1 with @entity339 without the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the @entity299 ( @entity299 ) guideline class I triggers, 575 @entity1 were initially medically managed and 446 underwent mitral valve surgery within 3 months following detection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Association between treatment strategy and survival, @entity712 , and new-onset @entity955 . RESULTS: There was no significant difference in early mortality (1.1% for early surgery vs 0.5% for medical management, P=.28) and new-onset @entity712 rates (0.9% for early surgery vs 0.9% for medical management, P=.96) between treatment strategies at 3 months. In contrast, long-term survival rates were higher for @entity1 with early surgery (86% vs 69% at 10 years, P   <   .001), which was confirmed in adjusted models (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55 [95% CI, 0.41-0.72], P   <   .001), a propensity-matched cohort (32 variables; HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.35-0.79], P   =   .002), and an inverse probability-weighted analysis (HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.52-0.83], P   <   .001), associated with a 5-year reduction in mortality of 52.6% (P   <   .001). Similar results were observed in relative reduction in mortality following early surgery in the subset with class II triggers (59.3 after 5 years, P   =   .002). Long-term @entity712 risk was also lower with early surgery (7% vs 23% at 10 years, P   <   .001), which was confirmed in risk-adjusted models (HR, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.19-0.43], P   <   .001), a propensity-matched cohort (HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.26-0.76], P   =   .003), and in the inverse probability-weighted analysis (HR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.36-0.72], P   <   .001). Reduction in late-onset @entity955 was not observed (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.64-1.13], P   =   .26). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Among registry @entity1 with @entity339 due to flail mitral leaflets, performance of early mitral surgery compared with initial medical management was associated with greater long-term survival and a lower risk of @entity712 , with no difference in new-onset @entity955 .

title: Association between early surgical intervention vs watchful waiting and outcomes for XXXX due to flail mitral valve leaflets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure symptoms', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation', 'Mitral Regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'American Heart Association']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: In Denmark there is an increasing frequency of @entity189 , in particular in @entity1 and among these especially in @entity5 . The incidence during the past 20 years has risen from about 40 to 60 cases per million per year. A series of 335 consecutive @entity1 treated with primary radiation is presented. In one-third of all @entity1 the @entity5 was localized in the supraglottic area; in @entity1 in more than half and in @entity1 in about one-fourth of the cases. The frequency of primary lymph node @entity3 in the supraglottic and the @entity5 was 24% and 2% respectively. A multivariate analysis identified sex and @entity5 size as independent prognostic parameters of local control. Five-year survival corrected for intercurrent deaths was obtained in 59% of all cases, in 56% of supraglottic and in 92% of @entity5 . A multivariate analysis defined localization, @entity5 grade and stage as independent prognostic parameters of survival. Salvage surgery was performed in about 32% of the cases, total laryngectomy in 26%, and partial laryngectomy in 6%. The survival rate among all total laryngectomies was 55%. A tracheostomy during or before radiation treatment prior to total laryngectomy had no influence on complication rate, admission time or recurrence rate. The frequency of pharyngo-cutaneous fistulae in the entire series was 11.5%; after routine use of @entity16909 , however, only 5.7%. Radical neck dissection was carried out in 7.8% of the cases, by far most in the supraglottic group, only a few in the @entity189 , in three-fourth in connection with a laryngectomy and in one-fourth without local recurrence in the larynx.

title: A consecutive series of @entity1 with XXXX treated by primary irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['supraglottic tumours', 'glottic tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma', 'glottic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity16909 :: ('CHEBI:6909', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazol']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 with a uterine @entity674 or mixed @entity5 were treated with @entity900 100 mg/m2 and @entity632 45-60 mg/m2, given with intravenous hydration every 3 to 4 weeks. Group I consists of 11 @entity1 with measurable disease following initial surgery or with a recurrence. Eight of the eleven evaluable @entity1 with measurable disease had a response (73%), and three of these @entity1 have had a negative second-look procedure, and two are alive and disease free more than 24 months after initiation of treatment. Group II consists of 17 @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy after primary surgery. The @entity1 were selected for adjuvant therapy based on previous established poor prognostic features. Of the 17 @entity1 in group II, 14 had invasion of the outer one-third of the myometrium and the other three had invasion to the middle one-third. Seven had documented positive pelvic and/or periaortic lymph nodes and five had positive peritoneal washings. With a median follow-up of 34 months, there have been only four recurrences in group II. Two of the recurrences occurred in @entity1 who discontinued therapy after only two cycles of chemotherapy. There is a projected 5-year survival of 75% in these high-risk @entity1 . Of the seven @entity1 with documented nodal involvement, one @entity1 died with a recurrence at 23 months, one @entity1 died from a perforated diverticulum, and the other five are alive and disease free with a median follow-up of 36 months (34-90 months). Two @entity1 with multiple positive nodes are disease free at more than 5 years. Combination chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity632 has a high response rate with advanced measurable disease and improves survival in high-risk @entity1 who receive it as adjuvant therapy.

title: @entity900 and @entity632 combination chemotherapy for uterine XXXX and mixed @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mesodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['stromal sarcoma']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['stromal sarcomas']


abstract: The results of exercise electrocardiography were studied in a random sample of 317 subjects with clinical suspicion of @entity453 . In 278 @entity1 with @entity453 the rate of false negative tests was 18% with and 12% without previous @entity583 . If ST elevation was considered a negative response, the corresponding values were 25% and 13%, respectively, p less than 0.01. The greatest prevalence of negative tests was seen after @entity583 : 27% or 42% when ST elevation was not included into positive responses. The sensitivity of exercise-induced ST @entity308 for the presence of multivessel disease was lower after anterior @entity1188 (67%) than in other @entity1 with previous @entity1188 (86%), p less than 0.01. The corresponding specificities were 71% and 22%, respectively, p less than 0.005. If ST elevation was included into positive responses these differences were abolished. In subjects without @entity583 the sensitivity was 89% and specificity 43%. Digitalized @entity1 had somewhat higher sensitivity in the exercise electrocardiogram than those without digoxin, 90% vs. 81% (p less than 0.05), but the difference was not seen with exclusion of ST elevation. The specificity was not influenced by digitalis. beta-blockade had no effect on the sensitivity or specificity, but the prevalence of postexercise ST evolution was lower with (11%) than without (30%) beta-blockade. The prevalence of slowly ascending ST @entity308 was reduced by three factors: the presence of digitalis in @entity1 without previous @entity583 , @entity1188 itself, and the extent of @entity453 . We conclude that exercise electrocardiography has only a limited value in prediction of multivessel disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Studies on ergometer exercise testing. II. Effect of previous XXXX , digoxin, and beta-blockade on exercise electrocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15908 , the causal agent of late blight, is a major threat to commercial @entity415 production worldwide. Significant costs are required for crop protection to secure yield. Many dominant genes for resistance (R-genes) to @entity15908 have been identified, and some of these R-genes have been applied in @entity415 breeding. However, the @entity15908 population rapidly accumulates new virulent strains that render R-genes ineffective. Here we introduce a new class of resistance which is based on the loss-of-function of a susceptibility gene (S-gene) encoding a product exploited by pathogens during infection and colonization. Impaired S-genes primarily result in recessive resistance traits in contrast to recognition-based resistance that is governed by dominant R-genes. In @entity958 , many S-genes have been detected in screens of mutant populations. In the present study, we selected 11 A. thaliana S-genes and silenced orthologous genes in the @entity415 cultivar Desiree, which is highly susceptible to late blight. The silencing of five genes resulted in complete resistance to the @entity15908 isolate Pic99189, and the silencing of a sixth S-gene resulted in reduced susceptibility. The application of S-genes to @entity415 breeding for resistance to late blight is further discussed.

title: Silencing of six susceptibility genes results in XXXX resistance.

entities_list: @entity15908 :: ('4787', 'Species') :: ['P. infestans', 'potato late blight', 'Phytophthora infestans']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity15908 :: (4787,Species) :: ['potato late blight']


abstract: Gas phase @entity5241 dry deposition and concentration samples were collected simultaneously between July 2004 and May 2005 at a suburban site in Bursa, @entity233 . A modified @entity11896 ( @entity11896 ) was employed to collect gas phase fluxes while a high-volume air sampler (HVAS) was used for concentration samples. The @entity11896 was able to collect both particle and gas phase @entity5241 deposition samples. The collected @entity3215 on water surface were captured by a filter and an XAD-2 resin column during water cycle. The average of gas phase @entity5241 deposition flux, determined by analyzing the XAD-2 resin column, was 79.3+/-40.5 ng m(-2) d(-1) and its percentage in total (gas+particle) @entity5241 flux was about 60. The average of gas phase @entity5241 concentration measured concurrently with flux samples was 224.4+/-160.2 pg m(-3) and its ratio to the total (gas+particle) @entity5241 concentration was 85%. This difference was likely due to the different deposition characteristics of gases and particulates. Dominant @entity5241 homolog groups were 3-4 @entity37653 (CBs) for both ambient air and gas phase deposition samples. Mass transfer coefficients (MTC, K(g)) for air-side were determined using gas phase flux and ambient air concentration values. The average overall K(g) ranged between 0.21 and 0.96 cm s(-1) with an average of 0.60+/-0.19 cm s(-1).

title: The determination of gas phase dry deposition fluxes and mass transfer coefficients (MTCs) of @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ) using a modified @entity11896 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity11896 :: ('MESH:D014869', 'Disease') :: ['water surface sampler', 'WSS']

entities_list: @entity37653 :: ('CHEBI:35446', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorobiphenyls']

answer: @entity11896 :: (MESH:D014869,Disease) :: ['WSS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of new diagnostic technologies for @entity66 requires an understanding of the mechanism behind the growth and @entity397 of @entity438 . To provide a comprehensive diagnosis and prognosis of this disease, it is desirable to evaluate wall shear stress, pressure, deformation and strain in the @entity439 region, based on information provided by medical imaging technologies. METHODS: In this research, we propose a new cyber-physical system composed of in vitro dynamic strain experimental measurements and @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) simulation for the diagnosis of @entity438 . A @entity5173 simulation and a scaled-up membranous @entity1346 model of a @entity438 were completed, based on @entity1 -specific data recorded in August 2008. In vitro blood flow simulation was realized with the use of a specialized pump. A vision system was also developed to measure the strain at different regions on the model by way of pulsating blood flow circulating inside the model. RESULTS: Experimental results show that distance and area strain maxima were larger near the @entity439 neck (0.042 and 0.052), followed by the @entity439 dome (0.023 and 0.04) and finally the main blood vessel section (0.01 and 0.014). These results were complemented by a @entity5173 simulation for the addition of wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index and @entity439 formation index. Diagnosis results using imaging obtained in August 2008 are consistent with the monitored @entity439 growth in 2011. CONCLUSION: The presented study demonstrates a new experimental platform for measuring dynamic strain within @entity438 . This platform is also complemented by a @entity5173 simulation for advanced diagnosis and prediction of the growth tendency of an @entity439 in endovascular surgery.

title: In vitro strain measurements in XXXX models for cyber-physical diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'computational fluid dynamics']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms', 'cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysm']