abstract: OBJECTIVE: Complete resection of a locally advanced @entity189 is not always feasible when invading mediastinal structures. The use of induction therapy prior to surgical exploration in @entity1 with these clinical T4 @entity5 is anticipated to improve the resectability rate. METHODS: @entity1 , 18, who presented with a @entity189 of the thoracic oesophagus with clinical invasion into the carina (n = 6), @entity825 (n = 5), aorta (n = 4), lung (n = 2) and diaphragm (n = 1) were treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgical exploration. Follow-up was complete (mean of 17 +/- 3 months in all @entity1 and 27 +/- 2 months in surviving @entity1 ). RESULTS: All @entity1 completed the induction therapy with acceptable @entity137 and no mortality. Subjective improvement in @entity1282 was substantial in 11 @entity1 (in 8/11 @entity1 (73%) however, there was still viable @entity5 in the resected specimen), it was minimal in six @entity1 and absent in one @entity1 . Objective response on imaging was complete in one @entity1 , partial in eight @entity1 and minimal in nine @entity1 [in two of these nine @entity1 (22%) nevertheless, the primary @entity5 had disappeared completely in the resected specimen (pT0)]. Resection was complete (R0) in 14 @entity1 (78%) and incomplete (R1) in one @entity1 (5%). Resection of the primary @entity5 was impossible (R2) in three @entity1 (17%) because of macroscopic airway (n = 2) and hilar (n = 1) invasion on exploration. In these three @entity1 the @entity5 was bypassed using a retrosternal split stomach. One @entity1 was proven at the time of surgery to have a previously unidentified lung metastasis. In three @entity1 (17%), no @entity5 cells were found in the resected oesophagus nor in the lymph nodes (pT0N0M0). There have been no in-hospital deaths. Actuarial 3 year survival was 43% in all @entity1 , 55% in completely resected @entity1 and 100% in sterilized @entity1 (pT0N0M0). Median survival was 18 months in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Chemo/radiotherapy followed by surgery in @entity1 with a clinical T4 @entity189 is feasible with acceptable @entity137 and no treatment-related mortality. Operability and resectability rate were high (100 and 83%, respectively) compared with historical controls. The primary @entity5 disappeared completely (pT0N0-1M0-1) in 28%. @entity5 sterilization rate was 17%. Survival looks promising compared with historical controls. Subjective neither objective response following induction therapy clearly correlated with the final pTNM staging. This indicates that, in the absence of @entity5 progression, neither the @entity1 nor the treating physician should jeopardize the chance for ultimate cure by denying surgical exploration following induction therapy.

title: Induction therapy for clinical T4 XXXX ; a plea for continued surgical exploration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'residual tumour', 'Tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subjective symptoms such as decreased energy, chronic fatigue, and @entity308 are associated with @entity2742 . Studies have shown that these symptoms are improved during short-term follow-up after parathyroidectomy. This study evaluates the durability of this subjective improvement in quality-of-life symptoms in a large population of @entity1 with follow-up greater than 1 year after operation. METHODS: Between 2002 and 2005, 258 @entity1 underwent parathyroidectomy, 100 (81 females and 19 males) of whom were available for this study. The @entity1 were evaluated with a survey based on the Health Outcomes Institute Health Status Questionnaire. Some answers were quantified on a 1 to 6 scale, while others consisted of "yes" or "no" responses. @entity1 completed a questionnaire prior to parathyroidectomy and postoperatively at 1 month, 3 to 6 months, and 1 to 2 years or greater intervals. Statistical analysis was used to detect changes attributable to parathyroidectomy. A P value <.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: At 1-month follow-up, @entity1 ' perceptions of their overall health, energy level, and mood significantly improved. At 6-month follow-up, significant improvements in muscle strength, health, endurance, and relief of @entity148 were documented. At the interval of 1 to 2 years, overall health, energy level, endurance, and relief of @entity148 were improved. There was no significant decrement in the quality of life in these @entity1 after parathyroidectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Parathyroidectomy for @entity2742 is associated with significant lasting improvement in subjective symptoms. The potential durable improvement in these quality-of-life symptoms is a valid indication for parathyroidectomy.

title: Improvement in the health-related quality-of-life symptoms of XXXX is durable on long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: @entity28 is considered a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. The white adipose tissue produces a variety of @entity32 -related proteins whose expression is increased in @entity28 subjects. The nonadipose cell fraction, which includes infiltrated macrophages, is a determinant source of @entity32 -related molecules within the adipose tissue. Our working hypothesis is that macrophage infiltration affects fat expansion through a paracrine action on adipocyte differentiation. @entity1 primary preadipocytes were then differentiated in the presence of conditioned media obtained from macrophages differentiated from blood monocytes. Preadipocytes treated by macrophage-conditioned medium displayed marked reduction of adipogenesis as assessed by decreased cellular lipid accumulation and reduced gene expression of adipogenic and lipogenic markers. In addition to this effect, the activation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharides stimulated nuclear factor kappaB signaling, increased gene expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and induced preadipocyte proliferation. This phenomenon was associated with increased @entity4910 gene expression and maintenance of the fibronectin-rich matrix. Anti- @entity310 neutralizing antibody inhibits the inflammatory state of preadipocytes positioning @entity310 as an important mediator of @entity32 in preadipocytes. Strikingly, conditioned media produced by macrophages isolated from @entity1 adipose tissue exerted comparable effects with activated macrophages, i.e. decreased adipogenesis and increased inflammatory state in the preadipocytes. These data show that macrophage-secreted factors inhibit the formation of mature adipocytes, suggesting possible role in limiting adipose tissue expansion in @entity1 .

title: Macrophage-secreted factors impair XXXX adipogenesis: involvement of proinflammatory state in preadipocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. Electrical stimulation of the aortic @entity9598 nerve elicited @entity9598 and bradycardiac responses in both spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and @entity35 Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 , but in spontaneously breathing animals responses were weaker in SHR than in WKY. 2. Responses did not significantly differ in artificially ventilated animals except that high stimulation intensity elicited significantly greater bradycardiac responses in WKY. A decrease in ventilatory rate occurred in both strains. 3. Electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) elicited an initial pressor response followed by a @entity9598 response with a minimal change in heart rate in either strain. The pressor response in SHR was greater than in WKY. Depressor responses in SHR were weaker than those in WKY with or without artificial ventilation. CSN stimulation increased ventilatory rate in both strains but the frequency-related responses differed at higher stimulation intensity. 4. These results suggest that there are alterations in the function of central or afferent components of chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes in SHR in addition to previously described structural changes at the level of peripheral sensory receptors.

title: Alteration of baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations of physical activity with fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) and with 2-h postload plasma @entity413 (2-h PG) in @entity1 and @entity1 with low, moderate, and high waist circumference. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Australian @entity6 , Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study provided data on a population-based cross-sectional sample of 4,108 @entity1 and 5,106 @entity1 aged >or=25 years without known @entity6 or health conditions that could affect physical activity. FPG and 2-h PG were obtained from an oral @entity413 tolerance test. Self-reported physical activity level was defined according to the current public health guidelines as active (>or=150 min/week across five or more sessions) or inactive (<150 min/week and/or less than five sessions). Sex-specific quintiles of physical activity time were used to ascertain dose response. RESULTS: Being physically active and total physical activity time were independently and negatively associated with 2-h PG. When physical activity level was considered within each waist circumference category, 2-h PG was significantly lower in active high-waist circumference @entity1 (beta -0.30 [95% CI -0.59 to -0.01], P = 0.044) and active low-waist circumference @entity1 (beta -0.25 [-0.49 to -0.02], P = 0.036) compared with their inactive counterparts. Considered across physical activity and waist circumference categories, 2-h PG levels were not significantly different between active moderate-waist circumference @entity1 and active low-waist circumference @entity1 . Associations between physical activity and FPG were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: There are important differences between 2-h PG and FPG related to physical activity. It appears that 2-h PG is more sensitive to the beneficial effects of physical activity, and these benefits occur across the waist circumference spectrum.

title: Beneficial associations of physical activity with 2-h but not fasting blood XXXX in Australian adults: the AusDiab study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify specific estimates and predictors of neonatal morbidity and mortality in early onset @entity1592 due to @entity5028 . METHODS: Prospective multicenter study of prenatally diagnosed growth-restricted liveborn neonates of less than 33 weeks of gestational age. Relationships between perinatal variables (arterial and venous Dopplers, gestational age, birth weight, acid-base status, and Apgar scores) and major neonatal complications, @entity204 , and intact survival were analyzed by logistic regression. Predictive cutoffs were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Major morbidity occurred in 35.9% of 604 neonates: @entity2107 in 23.2% (n=140), @entity548 in 15.2% (n=92), and @entity3166 in 12.4% (n=75). Total mortality was 21.5 % (n=130), and 58.3% survived without complication (n=352). From 24 to 32 weeks, major morbidity declined (56.6% to 10.5%), coinciding with survival that exceeded 50% after 26 weeks. Gestational age was the most significant determinant (P<.005) of total survival until 26(6/7) weeks (r(2)=0.27), and intact survival until 29(2/7) weeks (r(2)=0.42). Beyond these gestational-age cutoffs, and above birth weight of 600 g, ductus venosus Doppler and cord artery pH predicted neonatal mortality (P<.001, r(2)=0.38), and ductus venosus Doppler alone predicted intact survival (P<.001, r(2)=0.34). CONCLUSION: This study provides neonatal outcomes specific for early-onset placenta-based @entity1592 quantifying the impact of gestational age, birth weight, and fetal cardiovascular parameters. Early gestational age and birth weight are the primary quantifying parameters. Beyond these thresholds, ductus venosus Doppler parameters emerge as the primary cardiovascular factor in predicting neonatal outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Predictors of neonatal outcome in early-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

answer: @entity5028 :: (MESH:D010922,Disease) :: ['placental dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical outcome of @entity1 treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for @entity5 and paranasal sinuses. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1998 and 2004, 36 @entity1 with @entity5 of the sinonasal region were treated with IMRT. Thirty-two @entity1 (89%) were treated in the postoperative setting after gross total resection. Treatment plans were designed to provide a dose of 70 Gy to 95% or more of the gross @entity5 volume (GTV) and 60 Gy to 95% or more of the clinical @entity5 volume (CTV) while sparing neighboring critical structures including the optic chiasm, optic nerves, eyes, and brainstem. The primary sites were: 13 ethmoid sinus, 10 maxillary sinus, 7 nasal cavity, and 6 other. Histology was: 12 squamous cell, 7 @entity4236 , 5 adenoid cystic, 5 undifferentiated, 5 @entity420 , and 2 other. Median follow-up was 51 months among surviving @entity1 (range, 9-82 months). RESULTS: The 2-year and 5-year estimates of local control were 62% and 58%, respectively. One @entity1 developed isolated distant @entity3 , and none developed isolated regional failure. The 5-year rates of disease-free and overall survival were 55% and 45%, respectively. The incidence of @entity2194 was minimal with no @entity1 reporting @entity227 . Late complications included @entity7560 (1 @entity1 ), @entity850 (1 @entity1 ), and @entity231 (1 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: Although IMRT for @entity5 of the sinonasal region does not appear to lead to significant improvements in disease control, the low incidence of complications is encouraging.

title: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for XXXX and paranasal sinuses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies of the nasal cavity', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7560 :: ('MESH:D014985', 'Disease') :: ['xerophthalmia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies of the nasal cavity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe transitions in care of @entity1 with @entity303 with attention to nursing facility transitions. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Public health system. @entity1 : Four thousand one hundred ninety-seven community-dwelling older adults. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 ' electronic medical records were merged with Medicare claims, Medicaid claims, the @entity10281 ( @entity10281 ), and the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) from 2001 to 2008 with a mean follow-up of 5.2 years from the time of enrollment. RESULTS: Older adults with prevalent (n = 524) or incident (n = 999) @entity303 had greater Medicare (44.7% vs 44.8% vs 11.4%, P < .001) and Medicaid (21.0% vs 16.8% vs 1.4%, P < .001) nursing facility use, greater hospital (76.2% vs 86.0% vs 51.2%, P < .001) and home health (55.7% vs 65.2% vs 27.3%, P < .001) use, more transitions in care per @entity1 -year of follow-up (2.6 vs 2.7 vs 1.4, P < .001), and more mean total transitions (11.2 vs 9.2 vs 3.8, P < .001) than those who were never diagnosed (n = 2,674). For the 1,523 @entity1 with @entity303 , 74.5% of transitions to nursing facilities were transfers from hospitals. For transitions from nursing facilities, the conditional probability was 41.0% for a return home without home health care, 10.7% for home health care, and 39.8% for a hospital transfer. Of @entity1 with @entity303 with a rehospitalization within 30 days, 45% had been discharged to nursing facilities from the index hospitalization. At time of @entity204 , 46% of @entity1 with @entity303 were at home, 35% were in the hospital, and 19% were in a nursing facility. CONCLUSION: Individuals with @entity303 live and frequently die in community settings. Nursing facilities are part of a dynamic network of care characterized by frequent transitions.

title: Transitions in care for older adults with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['Minimum Data Set', 'MDS']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Twenty-seven cases of @entity2914 past @entity950 are reviewed in tabular form and discussed as to presenting symptoms, physical and radiographic findings, operative treatment, and final outcome. A ten year old male treated by us is presented as a detailed case report. A great contrast is noted between the acute respiratory symptoms which threaten life in the @entity1 @entity547 compared with the more chronic and recurrent @entity344 in pateints past @entity950 . Onset of symptoms did not correlate with age or sex. Chest x-ray films and gastrointestinal contrast studies were most helpful in diagnosis. Abdominal and thoracic approaches were equally effective in reducing the herniated viscera and closing the diaphragmatic defect. We believe that long-term survival of @entity1 with @entity2914 may be due to persistence of a confining pleuroperitoneal sac. Rupture of this sac in later life may coincide with onset of the characteristic symptoms which in turn prompt diagnostic studies. @entity2914 must be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with both recurrent @entity344 . Plain radiographs of the chest and contrast studies of the gastrointestinal tract are necessary to confirm diagnosis preoperatively.

title: @entity2914 past XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms', 'gastrointestinal and respiratory complaints']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia']

answer: @entity950 :: (MESH:C537702,Disease) :: ['infancy']


abstract: @entity12590 is one of the most common @entity66 in Japan, which is contracted by ingesting the larvae of the @entity2199 Anisakis spp. carried by marine fish. @entity1542 sensu stricto (s.s.) and A. pegreffii are the dominant species in fish caught offshore Japan. The present study aimed to identify the anisakid species infecting Japanese @entity1 and determine whether there is any difference in the pathogenetic potential of A. simplex (s.s.) and A. pegreffii. In total, 41 and 301 Anisakis larvae were isolated from Japanese @entity1 and @entity32764 ( @entity32764 ), respectively; these were subjected to molecular identification using polymerase chain reaction targeted at a ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region. @entity32764 larvae were further examined for survival in artificial gastric juice (pH 1.8) for 7 days and for invasiveness on 0.75% solid agar over a 24-h interval. All clinical isolates, including those of asymptomatic, acute, and @entity281 as well as those from the stomach, small intestine, colon, and stool, were identified as A. simplex (s.s.). @entity32764 harbored A. simplex (s.s.) and A. pegreffii larvae, together with a few larvae of other anisakid species. A. simplex (s.s.) larvae from @entity32764 tolerated the artificial gastric juice better than A. pegreffii, with 50% mortality in 2.6 and 1.4 days, respectively. In addition, A. simplex (s.s.) penetrated the agar at significantly higher rates than A. pegreffii. These results show that A. simplex (s.s.) larvae have the potential to survive acidic gastric juice to some extent and penetrate the stomach, small intestine, or colon in infected @entity1 .

title: @entity1542 sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii: biological characteristics and pathogenetic potential in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fishborne helminthic diseases']

entities_list: @entity12590 :: ('MESH:D017129', 'Disease') :: ['Anisakiasis']

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

entities_list: @entity32764 :: ('13676', 'Species') :: ['Scomber japonicus', 'chub mackerel', 'Chub mackerel']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infections']

answer: @entity12590 :: (MESH:D017129,Disease) :: ['anisakiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether @entity4002 responds better to @entity3403 or @entity2929 is unknown. METHODS: The efficacy of @entity3403 and @entity2929 in the treatment of @entity55 due to @entity4002 was assessed in a prospective, randomised, double blind study of 82 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity55 and features suggestive of @entity4002 ; 48 proved to have @entity4002 . Of the 48, 23 received @entity3403 100 mg twice a day and 25 @entity1 received @entity2929 500 mg six hourly, both for 10 days. RESULTS: Both treatment groups had similar demographic characteristics. Fever showed a more rapid reduction in the @entity3403 group (3(1.6) days versus 4.3(2) days). Side effects were observed in two @entity1 receiving @entity3403 compared with 11 @entity1 receiving @entity2929 (p less than 0.01). No differences were observed in other clinical or radiological measures. By day 40 the chest radiograph was normal in 47 of 48 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the self limiting and benign nature of most cases of @entity55 due to @entity4002 . @entity3403 was more effective than @entity2929 .

title: Antibiotic treatment in @entity55 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['Q fever infection', 'Q fever']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline', 'doxycycline']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['Q fever']


abstract: The key enzyme of @entity1786 biosynthesis, @entity42575 , is encoded by a multigene family. We describe three new DNA sequences encoding members of the @entity42575 family of the @entity523 . One of these sequences encodes a novel @entity42575 , @entity42576 , which is phylogenetically related to the ACC synthases @entity42577 and @entity42578 . Gene-specific probes for seven @entity523 @entity42575 genes were prepared. They were used for RNase protection assays to study the accumulation of @entity42575 transcripts in suspension-cultured @entity523 cells after the addition of an elicitor. The @entity42575 genes LE- @entity42579 , LE- @entity42580 and @entity42576 were strongly induced by the elicitor. In contrast, the genes @entity42578 , @entity42575 and @entity42581 were constitutively expressed and @entity42578 was present at all times at a particularly high level. Thus, there are two groups of @entity42575 transcripts expressed in these cells, either elicitor-induced or constitutive. A transcript of @entity42577 was not detected. Despite the presence of @entity42578 , @entity42579 , @entity42575 , @entity42581 and LE- @entity42580 , there was only little @entity1786 produced in the absence of the elicitor. Increased @entity1786 production is usually correlated with the accumulation of @entity42575 transcripts, indicating that @entity1786 production is controlled via the transcriptional activation of @entity42575 genes. However, the abundance of several @entity42575 mRNAs studied was not strictly correlated with the rate of elicitor-induced @entity1786 production. Our data provide evidence that the activity of these ACC synthases may not solely be controlled by the transcriptional activation of @entity42575 genes.

title: Differential induction of seven 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase genes by elicitor in suspension cultures of XXXX ( @entity523 ).

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity4562 in @entity1 with persistent/recurrent @entity1204 . METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed persistent/recurrent @entity1204 were treated with 500mg oral @entity4562 daily until progression or severe @entity137 , with progression-free survival (PFS) at six months as the primary endpoint. Tumor expression of total @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity172 receptor (ER), @entity1420 receptor A (PRA) and B ( @entity996 ), Ki67, pEGFR and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( @entity7952 ) were examined pre- and post-treatment. @entity470 was sequenced, and serum concentrations of soluble @entity470 (sEGFR) at baseline also were examined. RESULTS: Of 29 @entity1 enrolled, 26 were evaluable for efficacy and @entity137 . Four @entity1 experienced PFS >= 6 months, and one had a complete response which was not associated with an @entity470 mutation. The concentration of sEGFR in pretreatment serum was positively correlated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), but not with responsiveness to @entity4562 in this small @entity1 cohort. Expression of @entity5 biomarkers was not associated with PFS or @entity1349 . Co-expression of ER with PRA in primary and recurrent @entity5 , and pEGFR with @entity7952 in @entity5 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This treatment regimen was tolerable but lacked sufficient efficacy to warrant further evaluation in this setting. The possible association between serum sEGFR concentrations and @entity1349 , and temporal changes in expression of pEGFR and @entity7952 and the documented CR of one @entity1 are interesting and warrant additional investigation.

title: A phase II evaluation of XXXX in the treatment of persistent or recurrent @entity1204 : a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: Cardiac rate (CR) and systolic @entity551 ( @entity551 ) response to the intravenous injection of one, two, or three mg @entity1169 were recorded in 77 @entity1 with traumatic, neoplastic, or @entity932 and @entity7129 . In most @entity1 @entity591 occurred with no cause except the @entity1504 ; in the other @entity1 induction of general anaesthesia or surgical procedures on the brain appeared to have an initiating role. A central imbalance, with increased sympathetic cardiotropic influences is suggested and discussed. (I) First administrations of @entity1169 always reduced CR but had different effects on @entity551 from case to case; in all the @entity1 2.05 +/- 0.84 mg of drug lowered CR by 28 +/- 14/min (P less than 0.01), and @entity551 by 4.7 +/- 11 torr. CR decrease and @entity551 changes were without relation to the injected dose. Previous digitalization ( @entity39585 ) did not modify CR response to @entity1169 but reduced (P less than 0.05) its arterial @entity551 action. Positive correlations were found between basal CR and CR decrease (P less than 0.01), basal CR and @entity551 changes (P less than 0.01), CR decrease and @entity551 changes (P less than 0.05). @entity1508 appeared to potentiate CR response (P less than 0.01). (II) CR effect was less when the same dose of @entity1169 was repeated within 90 min (P less than or equal to 0.05). Usefulness and the mode of use of @entity1169 were critically evaluated.

title: XXXX in neurosurgical @entity1 with @entity7129 . Cardiovascular effects and mode of use.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['Halothane']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesion']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ABP', 'hypotensive', 'arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity39585 :: ('MESH:D003892', 'Chemical') :: ['desacetyllanatoside C']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['Propranolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The correlation between disease activity and endoscopic findings in @entity30 is poor. @entity288 induce symptom relief without consistent improvement of @entity75 . Our aim was to examine the effect of @entity500 therapy on healing of inflammatory lesions in @entity1 with severe @entity30 . METHODS: The study included 20 consecutive @entity1 with @entity30 or @entity30 in clinical remission while taking @entity500 for at least 9 months and no corticosteroids for at least 3 months who had had an ileocolonoscopy less than 1 year before the start of @entity500 . All 20 @entity1 underwent a new ileocolonoscopy with biopsies. RESULTS: The duration of @entity500 therapy was 24.4 +/- 13.7 months. In the colon, we observed complete healing in 14 of 20 @entity1 (70%), near-complete healing in 2 of 20 (10%), partial healing in 3 of 20 (15%), and no healing in 1 of 20 (5%). In the ileum complete healing was seen in 7 of 13 (54%) @entity1 with @entity13570 , near-complete healing in 2 of 13 (15%), partial healing in 1 of 13 (8%), and no healing in 2 of 13 (15%); the ileum was not reached in 1 @entity1 . Histologic examination revealed disappearance of the inflammatory infiltrate, with a certain degree of architectural disturbance remaining. CONCLUSIONS: Successful @entity500 therapy is accompanied by @entity33 and disappearance of the inflammatory infiltrate.

title: Endoscopic and histologic healing of @entity30 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic lesions']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolitis', "Crohn's colitis", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['azathioprine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prevalence, association, and clearance of human papillomavirus (HPV) and antisperm antibodies (ASAs) in infected semen samples from @entity249 @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical study. SETTING: Andrology and microbiology sections at a university hospital. @entity1 (S): Three groups of subjects: 61 @entity249 @entity1 with @entity1083 , 104 noninfected @entity249 subjects, and 92 control subjects. INTERVENTION(S): Semen analysis, spermMar test, fluorescence in situ hybridization for sperm @entity2007 and for HPV, and immunofluorescence for @entity1799 -L1 and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) determination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Association of sperm procedures, @entity1083 , sperm @entity2007 , and sperm ASAs. RESULT(S): @entity249 @entity1 with @entity1083 showed high percentages of ASAs. In these @entity1 @entity1083 was associated with lower sperm motility, which was worse in subjects with ASAs. No alterations of sperm chromosomes were observed. To obtain a significant clearance of both @entity1083 and ASAs at least 24 months of follow-up were needed. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1082 has been recently suggested to have an important role in @entity4810 . This study demonstrated that @entity1083 can be long lasting and frequently associated with ASAs that may further reduce male fertility. @entity249 @entity1 with positive spermMar test results should be considered for investigation for HPV, especially if they are candidates for assisted reproduction.

title: Association, prevalence, and clearance of human papillomavirus and antisperm antibodies in infected semen samples from XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile', 'Infertile']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy', 'aneuploidies']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV semen infection', 'HPV sperm infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile']


abstract: There are considerable geographic, ethnic and temporal variations in the global incidence of @entity5 . The disease mainly affects Western populations, with average rates in developed areas of the world six times higher than those in developing areas. About 500,000 new cases were diagnosed worldwide in 2002, with the vast majority being @entity2971 and occurring in young adult males. Traditionally, these @entity5 are further classified into @entity4797 and nonseminoma. In this Review, trends in the incidence of @entity2971 are examined using high-quality @entity5 -registry data from 41 populations within 14 countries worldwide. To assess whether trends of @entity4797 and nonseminoma incidence are similar, data were analyzed by birth cohort. These analyses should reveal similar trends if the 10-year difference in the clinical manifestation of @entity5 between subtypes is caused by differences in the speed of progression from the same early rate-limiting step to the onset of symptomatic disease. In each country, incidence has uniformly increased in successive generations born from around 1920 until very recently. Cohort-specific trends in @entity4797 incidence are similar to cohort-specific trends in nonseminoma incidence, lending support to the conclusion that the subtypes are epidemiologically and etiologically comparable. The findings presented are related to current theories and evidence regarding the determinants of @entity5 .

title: Interpreting the international trends in XXXX and nonseminoma incidence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'cancer', 'testicular germ cell cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['testicular seminoma']


abstract: The effect of a meat load on the renal handling of acid-base balance was studied in ten healthy subjects (GFR by inulin clearance = 98.5 +/- 8.14 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2) and in ten @entity1 affected by @entity177 ( @entity177 ) (GFR = 39.9 +/- 5.3 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2). After the meat load (2 g.kg-1 body weight of cooked unsalted red meat), GFR increased by 26.9% (peak value) over baseline in healthy subjects and by 32% in @entity177 @entity1 . The acid-base status of the healthy subjects was in the normal range, whereas the @entity177 @entity1 disclosed a slight @entity520 . After a meat load, there was, in the healthy subjects, an increase in the filtered load of @entity3157 coupled to an enhanced tubular reabsorption and urinary excretion. The time course between @entity3157 load and urinary excretion was coincident. In @entity177 @entity1 , the increase of @entity3157 tubular load after the meal was associated with an increase in tubular reabsorption but not in urinary excretion of this anion. The relationship between @entity3157 load and reabsorption was linear in both groups up to the highest filtered loads. Baseline titratable acidity (TA) and @entity3104 ( @entity17114 ) excretion (expressed per ml GFR) were increased in @entity177 @entity1 as compared with control subjects, but no changes were found after the meat load in both groups in these experimental conditions. The data indicate that the renal tubules contribute to the maintenance of acid-base balance both in healthy subjects and in @entity177 @entity1 by reabsorbing most of the additional @entity3157 load. The transient, but significant, increase in @entity3157 excretion observed in healthy subjects could be related to the increased tubular load of @entity3157 . In @entity177 @entity1 , tubular @entity3157 reabsorption was more complete, possibly because of the stimulation of H+ secretion by the mild @entity520 . TA and @entity17114 + did not participate in tubular compensation of the increased buffer load.

title: Effect of an acute oral protein load on renal acidification in healthy @entity1 and in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study sought to determine risk factors that influence mortality, @entity299 , @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), and @entity281 following fractures of the pelvis and/or acetabulum. METHODS: The 2008 National Sample Program (NSP) of the National @entity130 Databank was queried to identify all @entity1 who sustained pelvic and @entity174 . Demographic data, injury-specific and surgical characteristics, and medical co-morbidities were abstracted. The occurrence of in-hospital mortality, @entity299 , @entity1211 and @entity281 were documented. Univariate testing, weighted logistic regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed to identify significant independent predictors of mortality and the complications under study. RESULTS: The NSP contained 41,297 cases of @entity530 . In-hospital mortality was documented in 3055 (7%) and one or more complications occurred in 6932 (17%). @entity299 transpired in 2% of @entity1 , @entity1211 in 4% and @entity281 in 3%. Increasing age, shock, time to procedure, ISS, and GCS were predictive of mortality. @entity299 were found to be influenced by @entity28 , @entity6 , ISS, GCS, age, and @entity130 mechanism. @entity1211 was impacted by @entity28 , history of @entity1576 , male sex, ISS, GCS, medical co-morbidities, and time to procedure. Injuries caused by mechanisms other than @entity130 , shock, age, ISS, GCS, medical co-morbidities, and time to procedure were associated with @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Several important predictors were identified for specific complications and mortality following @entity530 . The design of this study may render it more generalisable to American @entity1 with @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II - Prognostic retrospective study of a prospective dataset.

title: XXXX : What are the predictors of mortality and cardiac, venous thrombo-embolic and infectious complications following injury?

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular fractures']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic trauma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'Cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTED', 'venous thrombo-embolic disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'Trauma', 'pelvic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['Pelvic trauma']


abstract: 241 @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ) were operated in our hospital from 1957 to 1985. The early postoperative mortality was 1.7%. The 5-yr survival rate was 23.2% (56/241). The 10-yr survival rate was 16.5% (15/91) (only 4 @entity1 died during 5-yr to 10-yr after surgery but none of them died of @entity151 ). We analysed the 5-yr survival group. The 5-yr survival rate for stage I @entity1 was 52.3% (23/44), stage II 34.1% (14/41), stage III 12.8% (19/149) [IIIa12.3% (17/138),IIIb 18.2% (2/11)]. Stage IV 0 (0/3). The P value: I vs IIIaP < 0.001, II vs IIIaP < 0.01. 125 @entity1 received chemotherapy (CT) and/or radiotherapy (RT) postoperatively (group A) and the other 112 cases received surgical resection only (group B). 4 @entity1 (3 IIIa, 1 IIIb) who died in early postoperative period were not counted. The 5-yr survival rate for group A and B was 40.8% (51/125) and 4.5% (5/112) respectively, P < 0.001; for group A and B stage I was 71.4% (20/28) and 18.8% (3/16), P < 0.01;for group A and B stage II was 54.5% (12/22) and 10.5% (2/19), P < 0.01; for group A and B stage IIIa was 25.4% (17/67) and 0 (0/71), P < 0.001. There were no differences in 5-yr survival rate on types of surgical resection and locations of the disease. The present results revealed that the total 5-yr survival rate for @entity151 was 23.2%, among them for resection only was 4.5% and for resection plus multimodality therapy was 40.8%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Long-term results of XXXX treated by surgical resection and multimodality therapy].

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our goal was to identify circulating micro RNA (miRNA) levels that could distinguish @entity1 with @entity5 from healthy and disease controls. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We measured 735 miRNAs in @entity788 case and control sera by QRTPCR using TaqMan MicroRNA Arrays. After array analysis, we selected 18 miRNA candidates for validation in an independent set of cases and control samples. RESULTS: Of the significantly elevated circulating miRNAs in @entity1 with @entity788 compared with controls, @entity41177 had the best diagnostic performance: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis on @entity41177 serum level yielded curve areas (AUC) of 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91-1.00], 0.81 (0.71-0.91), and 0.80 (0.67-0.93), for subjects with @entity788 (n = 41) relative to healthy controls (n = 19), subjects with chronic @entity788 (n = 35), and @entity788 (n = 18), respectively. Serum @entity41177 levels were also significantly higher than healthy controls among @entity1 with @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ; n = 20; AUC = 0.76, 0.61-0.91). Serum @entity41177 levels distinguished @entity1 with @entity5 from controls better than CA19-9 levels, and like CA19-9, higher @entity41177 levels predicted poorer outcome among @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Greater numbers of @entity41177 transcripts were detected by FISH in primary @entity788 and @entity4929 than normal pancreatic duct cells. @entity41177 influenced in vitro @entity788 cell proliferation and invasive ability. Several other circulating miRNAs distinguished sera of @entity1 with @entity788 from those of healthy controls with AUCs >0.7, including miR-24, @entity20044 , @entity6991 , @entity7761 , @entity15526 , miR-628-3p, and @entity35377 . CONCLUSIONS: The detection of elevated circulating @entity41177 has the potential to improve the early detection of @entity788 .

title: MicroRNA array analysis finds elevated serum @entity41177 accurately distinguishes @entity1 with XXXX from healthy and disease controls.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-stage pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['low-stage pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Immunohistochemical staining of normal and cancerous ovarian tissues has demonstrated that both @entity1192 and @entity1356 are more strongly expressed in cancerous than in normal tissues and are secreted mainly by epithelial cells. We have shown by bioassay and immunoassay that cancerous, but not normal ovarian tissues constitutively secrete @entity1356 in vitro. Activation of cancerous ovarian tissues by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased its capacity to secrete @entity1356 . Normal ovarian tissues secreted low amounts of @entity1356 only after prolonged stimulation (72-96 h) by high doses of LPS (10-100 micrograms/ml). On the other hand, constitutive @entity1356 was detected in homogenates of normal ovarian tissues and stimulation by LPS increased its capacity to produce @entity1356 . @entity1356 was the main type of @entity1356 secreted by cancerous ovarian tissues. @entity1192 was detected at lower levels. In contrast, in normal tissues similar amounts of both @entity1192 and @entity1356 were detected in the supernatants. The levels of both types of @entity1356 , and also the bioactivity of @entity1356 were significantly higher in cancerous than in normal ovarian tissues. Established primary cell lines from normal ovarian tissues did not secrete @entity1356 into supernatants but did express it at very low levels. Stimulation with LPS did not affect the capacity of these cell lines to secrete @entity1356 but it increased their capacity to express it. In contrast, primary established epithelial cell lines from cancerous ovarian tissues did secrete and express high levels of @entity1356 and these levels were increased under stimulation with LPS. Cancerous ovarian tissues did not only secrete higher levels of both @entity1192 and beta than normal ovarian tissues, but also the mechanism controlling the secretion of these factors in cancerous ovarian tissues seemed to be different from that found in normal ovarian tissues. Our results suggest that paracrine/autocrine factors may be involved in the regulation of both types of @entity1356 secreted by ovarian tissues. These cytokines may play a role in regulating the physiological, pathophysiological and oncogenic processes of the ovary.

title: Distinct patterns of expression of XXXX and beta by normal and cancerous human ovarian tissues.

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1 alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: At present, there are no predictors of @entity5 behaviour for grade (G) 2 pTa @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the bladder. Here we analyse the prognostic relevance of histopathological grading and the immunohistochemical detection of @entity876 and @entity994 / @entity994 . METHODS: 70 @entity1 were newly diagnosed with G2 pTa @entity1606 of the bladder based on transurethral resection specimens. Two pathologists, blinded with respect to the clinical outcome, confirmed the initial grade and subclassified the G2 lesions into G2a and G2b @entity189 based on the degree of nuclear atypia and the number of mitoses. Immunoreactivity for @entity876 and @entity994 / @entity994 was evaluated semiquantitatively. RESULTS: There were 52 G2a and 18 G2b @entity5 , mean follow-up was 49.2 months. Of all @entity1 , 31.4% remained @entity5 -free, 48.6% recurred with the same @entity5 grade and stage, and 20.0% showed @entity5 progression. @entity1 with @entity5 developed @entity5 progression in 13% in contrast to 39% with G2b lesions (p = 0.037). Of 21 @entity876 -positive @entity5 , 33% (7/21) developed @entity74 , whereas 14% (7/49) of @entity876 -negative @entity1 showed @entity5 progression (p = 0.102). Neither @entity994 / @entity994 expression alone nor the combination of @entity876 and @entity994 / @entity994 correlated with clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: The more detailed grading system but not @entity876 or @entity994 / @entity994 immunohistochemistry was found to be an independent prognostic factor for @entity5 progression.

title: Prognostic significance of histopathological grading and immunoreactivity for @entity876 and @entity994 / XXXX in grade 2 pTa transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['G2a tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinomas', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity994 :: (1026,Gene) :: ['WAF1']


abstract: In the preclinical arm of our study, the radiobiologic features of primary malignant cells from newly diagnosed and relapsed @entity981 / @entity1893 @entity1 were analyzed using clonogenic assays. A marked heterogeneity existed relative to the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of clonogenic T-lineage @entity981 / @entity1893 cells from 42 @entity1 . The mean @entity19593 (surviving fraction at 200 cGy) and alpha values (initial slope of the survival curve) were 0.36 +/- 0.04, and 0.558 +/- 0.079 Gy-1. Fourteen cases had @entity19593 values of > or = 0.50 and alpha values of < or = 0.2 Gy-1, consistent with a marked intrinsic radiation resistance at the level of clonogenic @entity1778 / @entity706 cells. Of these 14 radiation resistant cases, 12 were CD3+. Furthermore, the @entity19593 and D0 values of the 28 CD3+ cases were significantly higher than the @entity19593 and D0 values of the 14 CD3- cases ( @entity19593 : 0.441 +/- 0.048 versus 0.189 +/- 0.045, p = 0.002; D0: 189.6 +/- 26.3 cGy versus 108.7 +/- 18.2 cGy, p = 0.047) and CD3+ cases had smaller alpha values than CD3- cases (0.454 +/- 0.087 versus 0.765 +/- 0.152, p = 0.06). Thus, clonogenic cells from CD3+ T-lineage @entity981 / @entity1893 @entity1 were more resistant to radiation than clonogenic cells from CD3- T-lineage @entity981 / @entity1893 @entity1 . In the clinical arm of our study, 33 T-lineage @entity981 / @entity1893 @entity1 received autologous bone marrow transplants during remission. Pretransplant conditioning consisted of total body irradiation combined with high dose chemotherapy. The expression of CD3 antigen predicted the outcome of relapsed T-lineage @entity981 / @entity1893 @entity1 undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation following total body irradiation plus high dose chemotherapy. Overall, the Kaplan-Meier estimate and standard error of the probability of remaining in remission at 3.5 years was 11 +/- 9% with a median relapse-free interval of 102 days. The disease-free survival at 3.5 years was 8 +/- 7% with a median disease-free survival time of 96 days. Notably, the expression of CD3 antigen on T-lineage @entity981 / @entity1893 cells correlated with the probability of relapse after bone marrow transplantation. While 16 of 19 CD3+ @entity1 relapsed after bone marrow transplantation, only 3 of 8 CD3- @entity1 relapsed. The Kaplan-Meier estimates and standard errors of the probability of remaining in remission at 1 year after bone marrow transplantation were 7 +/- 6% (median relapse-free interval = 74 days) for CD3+ @entity1 (n = 19) and 63 +/- 17% for CD3- @entity1 (n = 8) (p = 0.006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Immunophenotype predicts radiation resistance in XXXX and @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: The epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of several growth factors involved in normal breast epithelial development and @entity5 proliferation. EGF and EGF-like peptide @entity7790 bind and activate the same membrane receptor protein. This receptor (EGF-R) has been recently studied in @entity0 biopsies and its detectability reported as a prognostic indicator. However, normal and @entity5 tissue themselves produce EGF and related peptides in variable amount. This suggests that the standard measurement of EGF-R by binding assay should reflect only the number of non-occupied receptor sites. Based on this observation, the presence of occupied sites (EGF-R2) has been assessed in 216 @entity1 @entity5 biopsies simultaneously with the direct measurement of non occupied EGF receptor sites (EGF-R1) and the results compared to @entity172 and @entity1420 receptor status (ER, @entity7273 ). EGF-R1 and EGF-R2 were evaluated by 2 separate (125I) EGF binding assays performed on 2 aliquots of @entity5 crude membrane fraction, the first one directly, the other after dissociation of the endogenously bound ligand. The validity of the method has been assessed on membrane fractions prepared from @entity1 placenta. It is shown that the dissociation does not modify the binding dissociation constant. ER and @entity7273 were measured by the dextran coated charcoal method. Results greater than 10 fmol/mg of membrane or cytosol protein were considered as positive. It is found that EGF-R1 and EGF-R2 are detectable in 54 and 90% of the cases, indicating that EGF-R is masked by endogenous ligand in 36% of the @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Measurement of occupied and non-occupied epidermal growth factor receptor sites in 216 @entity1 XXXX biopsies.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) cells with a high level of @entity14215 , a known @entity5 stem cell (CSC) marker, had higher tumorigenic, invasive, and metastatic abilities. We examined the immunohistochemical expression of @entity14215 in @entity2347 and its correlation with survival. METHODS: Archival paraffin blocks of @entity2347 were analyzed. A tissue microarray was constructed and immunohistochemical expression of @entity14215 was analyzed using anti- @entity14215 monoclonal antibody. Correlations between @entity14215 expression and clinical and histological parameters were assessed by chi-square tests. Survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS: Most of the @entity5 (63%) showed stromal staining only, 11% of the @entity5 showed both epithelial and stromal expression, and 26% of the @entity5 did not show either epithelial or stromal staining. Statistical analyses did not show any correlation between the pattern of @entity14215 expression and @entity5 histology, @entity5 size, or perineural invasion. There were no significant differences in survival among the 3 patterns of @entity14215 expression. CONCLUSION: Other factors, besides CSCs, may play important roles in tumorigenesis, cell differentiation, and @entity5 progression in these @entity5 .

title: @entity14215 immunohistochemical expression and its significance in salivary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: It has been shown previously that @entity2086 in adult @entity35 can be induced by surgical removal of the synergistic gastrocnemius muscle. During @entity1184 , @entity121 also occurs and there is a shift in the fiber type population of the muscle from fast to slow. Towards obtaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling this process, we have carried out a kinetic analysis of the change in expression of two muscle-specific genes encoding the slow beta-heavy chain isoform of myosin and the muscle isoform of glycogen phosphorylase. This analysis indicated that significant increases (2-3 fold) in the steady-state levels of slow myosin heavy chain mRNA and protein did not occur until several weeks following ablation of the gatrocnemius muscle. Increases in slow fiber type paralleled the change in @entity6144 expression. In contrast, the activity of phosphorylase, as well as the level of its corresponding mRNA, decreased approx. 1.5-2 fold shortly after (2-4 days) ablation of the gastrocnemius and levels remained low for at least several weeks. Significant changes in expression of these genes did not occur in plantaris muscle from sham operated contralateral legs. These studies indicated that changes in the expression of both genes was governed primarily by accumulation of their mRNAs. However, these genes were not coordinately regulated, indicating either that multiple control mechanisms regulate gene expression in this system or that the same controlling factor(s) regulates expression of these genes in temporally different ways.

title: The genes for @entity6144 and glycogen phosphorylase are discoordinately regulated during compensatory growth of plantaris muscle in the adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle transformation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , exenatide reduces @entity3916 , postprandial and fasting @entity413 , and weight. In this study we investigated the effects of continuous exenatide administration from a long-acting release (LAR) formulation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study, exenatide LAR (0.8 or 2.0 mg) was administered subcutaneously once weekly for 15 weeks to subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 (n = 45) suboptimally controlled with @entity2449 (60%) and/or diet and exercise (40%): 40% female, @entity3916 (mean +/- SD) 8.5 +/- 1.2%, fasting plasma @entity413 9.9 +/- 2.3 mmol/l, weight 106 +/- 20 kg, and @entity6 duration 5 +/- 4 years. RESULTS: From baseline to week 15, exenatide LAR reduced mean +/- SE @entity3916 by -1.4 +/- 0.3% (0.8 mg) and -1.7 +/- 0.3% (2.0 mg), compared with +0.4 +/- 0.3% with placebo LAR (P < 0.0001 for both). @entity3916 of < or =7% was achieved by 36 and 86% of subjects receiving 0.8 and 2.0 mg exenatide LAR, respectively, compared with 0% of subjects receiving placebo LAR. Fasting plasma @entity413 was reduced by -2.4 +/- 0.9 mmol/l (0.8 mg) and -2.2 +/- 0.5 mmol/l (2.0 mg) compared with +1.0 +/- 0.7 mmol/l with placebo LAR (P < 0.001 for both). Exenatide LAR reduced self-monitored postprandial @entity4854 . Subjects receiving 2.0 mg exenatide LAR had body weight reductions (-3.8 +/- 1.4 kg) (P < 0.05), whereas body weight was unchanged with both placebo LAR and the 0.8-mg dose. Mild @entity390 was the most frequent adverse event. No subjects treated with exenatide LAR withdrew from the study. CONCLUSIONS: Exenatide LAR offers the potential of 24-h glycemic control and @entity353 with a novel once-weekly treatment for @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Effects of once-weekly dosing of a long-acting release formulation of exenatide on @entity413 control and body weight in subjects with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little is known in regard to cerebral arterial reocclusion after successful thrombolysis. In the absence of arteriographic information, the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 (NINDS) rt-PA @entity64 Trial investigators prospectively identified clinical @entity12652 ( @entity12652 ) as a possible surrogate marker of cerebral arterial reocclusion after rt-PA-induced recanalization. Also, we identified any significant @entity922 ( @entity922 ) even if not preceded by improvement. This observational analysis was designed to determine the incidence of @entity12652 and @entity922 in each treatment group, to identify baseline or posttreatment variables predictive of @entity922 , and to determine any relationship between @entity12652 , @entity922 , and clinical outcome. METHODS: @entity12652 was defined as any 2-point deterioration on the NIH @entity64 Scale after an initial 2-point improvement after treatment. @entity922 was defined as any 4-point worsening after treatment compared with baseline. All data were collected prospectively by investigators blinded to treatment allocation. A noncontrast brain CT was mandated when a 2-point deterioration occurred. All cases were validated by a central review committee. RESULTS: @entity12652 was identified in 81 of the 624 @entity1 (13%); 44 were treated with rt-PA and 37 were treated with placebo (P:=0.48). @entity12652 occurred more often in @entity1 with a higher baseline NIH @entity64 Scale score. @entity922 within the first 24 hours occurred in 98 @entity1 (16% of all @entity1 ); 43 were given rt-PA and 55 were given placebo (P:=0.19). Baseline variables associated with @entity922 included a less frequent use of prestroke @entity117 and a higher incidence of early CT changes of @entity4 or mass effect or dense middle cerebral artery sign. @entity1 with @entity922 had higher rates of increased serum @entity413 and fibrin degradation products, and they also had higher rates of symptomatic @entity932 and @entity204 . @entity1 who experienced either @entity922 were less likely to have a 3-month favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We found no association between @entity12652 , @entity922 , and rt-PA treatment, and no clinical evidence to suggest reocclusion. Deterioration was strongly associated with @entity64 severity and poor outcome and was less frequent in @entity1 whose @entity64 occurred while they were on @entity117 .

title: Clinical @entity12652 in the NINDS rt-PA XXXX Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['DFI', 'deterioration following improvement']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical deterioration', 'CD', 'DFI or CD']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Few studies have prospectively examined dietary patterns and adult weight change, and results to date are inconsistent. This study examines whether a @entity827 ( @entity827 ) pattern is associated with reduced 3-y incidence of @entity28 using data from the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). The sample included 17,238 @entity1 and 10,589 @entity1 not @entity28 and aged 29-65 y at baseline (1992-96). Height and weight were measured at baseline; weight was self-reported in a follow-up survey a mean of 3.3 y later. Detailed dietary history data, collected using a validated method, were used to construct a @entity827 score. @entity2357 models were used to estimate odds of becoming overweight or @entity28 . Among initially overweight subjects, 7.9% of @entity1 and 6.9% of @entity1 became @entity28 , whereas 13.8% of normal weight @entity1 and 23.0% @entity1 became overweight. High @entity827 adherence was associated with significantly lower likelihood of becoming @entity28 among overweight subjects, with stronger associations after adjusting for underreporting of dietary data. Associations (odds ratios with 95% CI) were similar in @entity1 (0.69, 0.54-0.89) and @entity1 (0.68, 0.53-0.89). Adjusting for the plausibility of reported dietary intakes increased the magnitude of these associations, which were approximately 0.8 without this adjustment. @entity827 adherence was not associated with incidence of overweight in initially normal-weight subjects. Nonetheless, results suggest that promoting eating habits consistent with @entity827 patterns may be a useful part of efforts to combat @entity28 .

title: Adherence to a XXXX is associated with reduced 3-year incidence of @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'Mediterranean diet']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

answer: @entity827 :: (MESH:D010505,Disease) :: ['Mediterranean diet']


abstract: The electrophysiological properties, the response to cholinergic agonists and the morphological characteristics of neurons of the basolateral complex were investigated in @entity35 amygdala slices. We have defined three types of cells according to the morphological characteristics and the response to depolarizing pulses. Sixty-six of the recorded cells (71%) responded with two to three action potentials, the second onwards having less amplitude and longer duration (burst). In a second group, consisting of 21 cells (22%), the response to depolarization was a train of spikes, all with the same amplitude (multiple spike). Finally, seven neurons (7%) showed a single action potential (single spike). Burst response and multiple-spike neurons respond to the cholinergic agonist @entity5402 (10-20 microM) with a depolarization that usually attained the level of firing. This effect was accompanied by decreased or unchanged input membrane resistance and was blocked by @entity3897 (1.5 microM). The depolarizing response to superfusion with @entity5402 occurred even when synaptic transmission was blocked by @entity1022 , indicating a direct effect of @entity5402 . Similarly, the depolarization by @entity5402 was still present when the M-type conductance was blocked by 2 mM @entity8594 . The @entity5402 -induced depolarization was prevented by superfusion with @entity5128 (5 mM). Injection of biocytin into some of the recorded cells and subsequent morphological reconstruction showed that "burst" cells have piriform or oval cell bodies with four or five main dendritic trunks; spines are sparse or absent on primary dendrites but abundant on secondary and tertiary dendrites. This cellular type corresponds to a pyramidal morphology. The "multiple-spike" neurons have oval or fusiform somata with four or five thick primary dendritic trunks that leave the soma in opposite directions; they have spiny secondary and tertiary dendrites. Finally, neurons which discharge with a "single spike" to depolarizing pulses are round with four or five densely spiny dendrites, affording these neurons a mossy appearance. The results indicate that most of the amygdaloid neurons respond to @entity5402 with a depolarization. This effect was concomitant with either decrease or no change in the membrane input resistance and was not blocked by the addition of @entity8594 , an M-current blocker, indicating that a conductance pathway other than K+ is involved in the response to @entity5402 .

title: Cholinergic responses of morphologically and electrophysiologically characterized neurons of the basolateral complex in XXXX amygdala slices.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity779 is a major public health problem in Singapore. Age-specific @entity779 morbidity rates are highest in the young adult population, unlike in many other Southeast Asian countries where @entity779 is mainly a paediatric disease. Hence, the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on @entity779 diagnosis and management which were developed using the paediatric experiences, may not be suitable for the management of adult @entity281 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Early DENgue (EDEN) infection and outcome study is a collaborative longitudinal study to investigate epidemiological, clinical, viral and host-specific features of early @entity281 adults, in an effort to identify new early markers for prognostication. @entity1 presenting with early undifferentiated @entity221 were included in the study. We carried out an interim analysis to look for early indicators of severe disease. RESULTS: During the period of this interim study analysis, 455 febrile @entity1 were recruited. Of these, 133 were confirmed as acute @entity779 cases based on @entity779 -specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. There were significant clinical and epidemiological differences between @entity779 and febrile non- @entity779 cases. Nine per cent of the @entity779 cases experienced persistent tiredness, drowsiness and @entity1277 beyond 3 weeks of illness. Quantitation of viral loads using the crossover (Ct) value of real-time RT-PCR correlated with the duration of symptoms. More than half of both primary and secondary @entity779 cases were hospitalised. There was no @entity779 -related mortality in this study. CONCLUSION: The duration of illness and prolonged symptom duration in 9% of the subjects indicate that the burden of @entity779 is substantially different from other @entity221 in our study cohort. Our study also highlights the paucity of early prognostic markers for @entity779 in adults.

title: Early XXXX and outcome study (EDEN) - study design and preliminary findings.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infections', 'dengue-infected']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue illness', 'Dengue', 'dengue fever', 'dengue']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever', 'non-dengue febrile illness']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Dengue infection']


abstract: Two cases of temporomandibular @entity4040 were reported. Case 1 was a 6 years 4 months old female with @entity158 in her left mandibular region in moving her jaw. Opening of the mouth by herself was slightly limited. Clicking noise was seen and felt from both of her temporomandibular joints. She was in the dental developmental stage IIA by Hellman, and had @entity2632 (5mm). Roentogenographic examination revealed a bony defect on her left condylar head. Treatment was performed with an activator. @entity158 was not felt and the mandibular opening recovered after 2 weeks of treatment. Roetogenographs showed no bony defect on her left condylar head after 5 months of treatment. Case 2 was a 3 years 2 months old male with clicking noise from both of his temporomandibular joints. There was no @entity158 and no limitation of his mouth opening. He was in the dental developmental stage IIA by Hellman, and had large overjet (8mm). He has thumb sucking habit since the age of one year. He is now under regular observation.

title: [Two cases of temporomandibular XXXX of young children].

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['deep overbite']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

answer: @entity4040 :: (MESH:C537208,Disease) :: ['arthrosis']


abstract: @entity13687 and @entity2118 are rare dermal melanocytoses. @entity13687 may be very rarely associated with the @entity2118 and other extra cutaneous features. Both nevi are similar in all respect apart from the area of distribution. Bilateral distribution of @entity2118 is seldom reported in the literature. A 24-year-old male @entity1 reported with @entity13687 of the right side of his face since his infancy and @entity2118 on both shoulder regions since early childhood. He had bluish lesions on the right side of his hard palate. Systemic examination was normal. Relevant laboratory investigations were non contributory. The histopathological examination of the skin from the affected areas showed the presence of elongated dendritic dermal melanocytes. The present case is the first report of an association of bilateral @entity2118 with @entity13687 and @entity2419 . Tanino classified @entity13687 into four groups. As both the nevi are similar in all respect except the area of distribution, a minor modification of the existing Tanino's classification to incorporate the @entity2118 into the classification for the @entity13687 may be appropriate.

title: Unilateral XXXX with Bilateral Nevus of Ito and @entity2419 : A Case Report with a Proposed Clinical Modification of Tanino's Classification.

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatal lesions']

entities_list: @entity13687 :: ('MESH:D009507', 'Disease') :: ['nevus of Ota', "Ota's nevus", 'Nevus of Ota']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['nevus of Ito']

answer: @entity13687 :: (MESH:D009507,Disease) :: ['Nevus of Ota']


abstract: The axillary lymph node status remains the most valuable prognostic factor for @entity0 @entity1 . However, approximately 20-30% of node-positive @entity1 remain free of distant @entity3 within 15-30 years. It is important to develop molecular markers that are able to predict for the risk of distant @entity3 and to develop @entity1 -tailored therapy strategies. We hypothesize that the lymph node @entity3 may represent the most metastatic fraction of the primary @entity5 . Therefore, we sought to identify the differentially expressed genes by microarray between the primary @entity5 and their @entity1600 samples collected from 26 @entity1 . A set of 79 differentially expressed genes between primary @entity5 and @entity3 samples was identified to correctly separate most of primary @entity5 from lymph node @entity3 . And decreased expression of @entity1476 , fibronectin, @entity28942 in lymph node @entity3 were further confirmed by real-time RT-PCR performed on 30 specimen pairs. This set of genes also classified 35 primary @entity5 into two groups with different prognosis: "high risk group" and "low risk group." @entity1 in "high risk group" had a 4.65-fold hazard ratio (95% CI 1.02-21.13, P = 0.047) to develop a distant @entity3 within 43 months comparing with the "low risk group." This suggested that the gene signature consisting of 79 differentially expressed genes between primary @entity5 and lymph node @entity3 could also predict clinical outcome of node-positive @entity1 , and that the molecular classification based on the gene signature could guide @entity1 -tailored therapy.

title: Differentially expressed genes between primary @entity5 and @entity1600 predict clinical outcome of @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28942 :: ('1301', 'Gene') :: ['osteoblast specific factor 2, collagen type XI alpha 1']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['paired lymph node metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between MRI @entity32 and measures of clinical disease activity as well as treatment responses in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) treated with a @entity5 @entity39 factor inhibitor. METHODS: MRI at baseline (n=221), 24 (n=158) and 102 weeks (n=179) were scored for @entity32 /activity (MRIa, Berlin scoring system). Treatment responses according to the @entity1691 activity score (ASDAS), Bath @entity1691 activity index (BASDAI) and assessment of spondyloarthritis 20 (ASAS20) criteria were calculated. For each treatment response criterion, subgroups of responders and non-responders changes in MRIa scores were compared. RESULTS: Higher baseline ASDAS and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) values were associated with higher baseline MRIa scores and with greater decreases in MRIa scores at follow-up. ASDAS and @entity1851 improvements correlated with MRIa improvement. Stronger correlations were observed for @entity1851 . Differences in MRIa change scores between responders and non-responders were greater when subgroups were defined according to ASDAS response than according to BASDAI or ASAS20 response. CONCLUSIONS: MRIa correlates better with @entity1851 than with other measures of disease activity. By including both @entity1851 and @entity1 -reported outcomes in its formula, ASDAS has the advantage of providing combined information on objective and subjective measures. As a status and response measure ASDAS better reflects the spinal inflammatory disease process in @entity1691 than other composite measures.

title: MRI @entity32 and its relation with measures of clinical disease activity and different treatment responses in @entity1 with XXXX treated with a @entity5 @entity39 factor inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS disease', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: Plasma @entity3691 (non-esterified @entity844 ) concentrations are elevated in @entity1 with @entity28 . In the present study we first aimed to provide an integral haemodynamic profile of elevated plasma NEFAs by the simultaneous assessment of blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, @entity450 ( @entity450 ) and sympathetic nervous system activity during acute elevation of NEFAs. Secondly, we hypothesized that @entity3691 -induced vasodilation is mediated by @entity859 receptor stimulation. In a randomized cross-over trial in healthy subjects, Intralipid was infused for 2 h to elevate plasma NEFAs. @entity653 was administered as the Control infusion. We assessed blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, @entity450 (using venous occlusion plethysmography) and sympathetic nervous system activity by measurement of @entity1063 and @entity1425 . During the last 15 min of Intralipid/Control infusion, the @entity859 receptor antagonist @entity5834 (90 microg x min(-1) x dl(-1)) was administered into the brachial artery of the non-dominant arm. Compared with Control infusion, Intralipid increased pulse wave velocity, SBP (systolic blood pressure) and pulse pressure, as well as @entity450 (from 1.8+/-0.2 to 2.7+/-0.6 and from 2.3+/-0.2 to 2.7+/-0.6 ml x min(-1) x dl(-1) for Intralipid compared with Control infusion; P<0.05, n=9). Although in a positive control study @entity5834 attenuated @entity859 -induced forearm vasodilation (P<0.01, n=6), @entity5834 had no effect on Intralipid-induced vasodilation (P=0.5). In conclusion, elevation of plasma @entity3691 levels increased pulse wave velocity, SBP and pulse pressure. @entity450 was also increased, either by baroreflex-mediated inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system or by a direct vasodilating effect of NEFAs. As the @entity859 receptor antagonist @entity5834 could not antagonize the vasodilator response, this response is not mediated by @entity859 receptor stimulation.

title: Acute elevation of plasma non-esterified fatty acids increases pulse wave velocity and induces peripheral vasodilation in XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['FBF', 'forearm blood flow']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: This randomized prospective study compared the effectiveness of laparoscopic paraumbilical hernioplasty to the conventional open technique. Forty @entity1 with @entity547 were randomly categorized into 2 equal groups. GL treated by laparoscopic paraumbilical hernioplasty and @entity24481 treated by conventional (open) umbilical hernioplasty. The mean length of follow up was 36 months. In GL, mean operative time was 58.1 +/- 15.5 minutes, in @entity24481 , it was 42.2 +/- 10.3 minutes (p = 0.0005). @entity282 score 6 hours after surgery was 2.95 +/- 1.19 in GL @entity1 as compared to 6.10 +/- 1.74 in @entity24481 ones (p < 0.0001). Mean hospitalization time was 1.05 +/- 0.224 days in GL versus 1.25 +/- 0.550 days in G O (p = 0.14). There was one conversion (5%) to the open repair. @entity86 occurred in 2 @entity1 (10%) in GL and 3 @entity1 (15%) in @entity24481 . Three @entity1 (15%) in G O developed @entity281 . @entity547 recurrence was not seen in either 2 Groups. Mean @entity1 satisfaction score for GL @entity1 was 7.85 +/- 1.27 versus 6.00 +/- 1.69 for @entity24481 @entity1 (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: Compared to open repair, laparoscopic repair is technically feasible, safe and effective, with good clinical outcome. It is associated with longer time for surgery but reduced @entity282 , analgesic requirement, complication and @entity281 rates with earlier return to normal activities.

title: Comparative study between laparoscopic and open repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative seroma']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia', 'paraumbilical hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['paraumbilical hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish whether @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) promotes @entity170 and @entity2331 METHODS: Ninety-four prostatectomized @entity1 with rising @entity11179 were enrolled into the placebo group (31), monthly i.v. @entity19160 (39) or monthly i.v. @entity4381 (24) groups for 36 months. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured the bone density in the lumbar (L2-L4) area. chi(2) and anova tests were used to analyze data.. RESULTS: After 6 months of @entity342 deprivation, 17 of the 31 control cases developed @entity2331 in the lumbar area. At 12 months, nine control cases had @entity170 with 13 additional cases of @entity2331 . At the end of the 36-month study period, the untreated group showed an average @entity79 ( @entity79 ) loss of -1.82 (+/-0.94) with 13 cases of @entity2331 and 18 cases of @entity170 . The @entity19160 group had two cases of @entity170 out of 39 subjects after 6 months of ADT with 28 developing @entity2331 and seven cases of @entity170 after 36 months of follow up. Mean @entity604 in this group was -0.72 (+/-0.34). The @entity4381 studied arm had seven cases of @entity2331 after 6 months of ADT while 20 and five cases developed @entity2331 and @entity170 , respectively, after 36 months of follow up. The former group had a mean @entity604 of -0.88 (+/-0.32). There was statistical difference for @entity604 in the treated groups starting at 6 months in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Six months of ADT promoted impressive @entity604 in the lumbar area of the non-treated @entity1 . This tendency is progressive and may be delayed by i.v. @entity171 .

title: Comparative study of the protective effect of different intravenous XXXX on the decrease in @entity79 in @entity1 submitted to radical prostatectomy undergoing @entity342 deprivation therapy. A prospective open-label controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss', 'BMD loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity11179 :: ('9520', 'Gene') :: ['prostrate-specific antigen (PSA)']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate']

answer: @entity171 :: (MESH:D004164,Chemical) :: ['bisphosphonates']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term outcome of @entity8779 - and @entity2592 -based intensive chemotherapy in adult @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 327 consecutive @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 (promyelocytic @entity1778 excluded) aged 16-65 yr were recruited into the study between September 1992 and December 2001. The latest follow-up data were collected in October 2006. After remission achievement with the first (conventional @entity2592 ) or second (high-dose @entity2592 ) chemotherapy cycle, three intensive consolidation courses each containing high- or intermediate-dose @entity2592 were given. RESULTS: A total of 268 @entity1 (82%) achieved complete remission (CR). CR rate was 82% and 84% for @entity1 <60 and > or =60 yr of age, respectively. CR rates in @entity1 with favourable (93%) and intermediate/normal karyotypes (87%) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than CR rate in @entity1 with adverse karyotype (61%). Median @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) for the @entity1 not transplanted in the first CR (n = 195) was 1.7 yr (95% CI: 0.81-2.60). At 4 yr, a plateau of 70% in @entity4557 was reached for @entity1 with favourable karyotypes. The 5-yr survival was 71%, 47% and 37% for the non-transplanted @entity1 (n = 202) with favourable, intermediate/normal and intermediate/abnormal karyotypes, respectively, while only 8% of the @entity1 having adverse karyotype were alive at 5 yr (P < 0.01). Of the @entity1 with favourable, intermediate/normal or intermediate/abnormal karyotypes, respectively, 58%, 41% and 31% were expected to be alive at 10 yr. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8779 - and @entity2592 -based intensive chemotherapy regimen is very effective in de novo @entity3052 for adult @entity1 up to 65 yr of age. New treatment strategies are needed, however, to improve the outcome of the @entity1 with intermediate and adverse karyotypes.

title: Long-term outcome of intensive chemotherapy for adults with de novo @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ): the nationwide XXXX -92 study by the Finnish @entity1778 Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin', 'Idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To review the short-term safety and efficacy of the @entity356 ( @entity356 ) and laparoscopic gastric bypass (GBP) in @entity1 older than 65 years. METHODS: A single-institution review of all bariatric procedures was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were identified. Of the 27 @entity1 , 13 underwent primary GBP and 14 underwent @entity356 placement. The average age was 68.1 +/- 2 years (range 65-73). The average follow-up for the GBP group and @entity356 group was 9.3 months (range 1-21) and 19.6 months (range 4-31), respectively. One minor (stricture) complication and zero major complications occurred in the GBP group. In the @entity356 group, one minor complication (port @entity174 ) and one major complication (total @entity353 failure requiring conversion to GBP) occurred. The percentage of excess @entity353 at 1 year for the GBP group was 71%. At 1 and 2 years, it was 32% and 35%, respectively, for the @entity356 group. Only in the GBP group did @entity1 have a significant decrease in medication use and in the number of comorbidities. Quality-of-life measurements improved equally after both procedures. Weight loss was no different after GBP surgery regardless of age, but older @entity356 @entity1 had a 12% decrease in the expected excess weight lost (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery can be performed with acceptable safety, excellent @entity353 , resolution of comorbidities, and significant improvement in quality of life in @entity1 older than 65 years. The GBP seems to be as safe as, and more effective than, the @entity356 in this age group.

title: Bariatric surgery in XXXX older than 65 years is safe and effective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic adjustable gastric band', 'LAGB']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity135 with radiation often results in damage to surrounding normal tissues such as salivary glands. Permanent loss of function in the salivary glands often leads @entity1 to discontinue treatment due to incapacitating side effects. It has previously been shown that @entity7424 suppresses radiation-induced apoptosis and enhances G2/M arrest leading to preservation of salivary gland function. In an effort to recapitulate the effects of @entity7424 , as well as increase the likelihood of translating these findings to the clinic, the small molecule therapeutic @entity9363 , is being tested. @entity9363 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that acts to transiently inhibit cell cycle progression and allow for DNA repair in damaged tissues. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Treatment with @entity9363 prior to irradiation induced a significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G(2)/M phase, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. In contrast, @entity19 treated with radiation exhibit no differences in the percentage of cells in G(2)/M when compared to unirradiated controls. Similar to previous studies utilizing @entity7424 , pretreatment with @entity9363 leads to a significant up-regulation of @entity5207 expression and a significant decrease in the number of PCNA positive cells. Radiation treatment leads to a significant increase in activated @entity185 positive salivary acinar cells, which is suppressed by pretreatment with @entity9363 . Administration of @entity9363 prior to targeted @entity135 preserves normal tissue function in @entity19 parotid salivary glands, both acutely and chronically, as measured by salivary output. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These studies suggest that induction of transient G(2)/M cell cycle arrest by @entity9363 allows for suppression of apoptosis, thus preserving normal salivary function following targeted @entity135 . This could have an important clinical impact by preventing the negative side effects of radiation therapy in surrounding normal tissues.

title: Prevention of radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction utilizing a CDK inhibitor in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck irradiation']

entities_list: @entity9363 :: ('MESH:C104586', 'Chemical') :: ['Roscovitine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe how demographic characteristics and knowledge of @entity5 influence screening acceptance among @entity1 living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS: Multistage cluster sampling was carried out in 45 randomly selected streets in Dar es Salaam. @entity1 between the ages of 25-59 who lived in the sampled streets were invited to a @entity5 screening; 804 @entity1 accepted and 313 rejected the invitation. Information on demographic characteristics and knowledge of @entity5 were obtained through structured questionnaire interviews. RESULTS: @entity1 aged 35-44 and @entity1 aged 45-59 had increased ORs of 3.52 and 7.09, respectively, for accepting screening. Increased accepting rates were also found among single @entity1 (OR 2.43) and among @entity1 who had attended primary or secondary school (ORs of 1.81 and 1.94). @entity1 who had 0-2 @entity1 were also more prone to accept screening in comparison with @entity1 who had five or more @entity1 (OR 3.21). Finally, knowledge of @entity5 and awareness of the existing screening program were also associated with increased acceptance rates (ORs of 5.90 and 4.20). CONCLUSION: There are identifiable subgroups where @entity5 screening can be increased in Dar es Salaam. Special attention should be paid to @entity1 of low education and @entity1 of high parity. In addition, knowledge and awareness raising campaigns that goes hand in hand with culturally acceptable screening services will likely lead to an increased uptake of @entity5 screening.

title: Determinants of acceptance of XXXX screening in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'Women']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']