abstract: Purpose To evaluate alternative schedules for surveillance computed tomography (CT) for @entity1 who underwent hepatectomy for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and to demonstrate an appropriate schedule on the basis of stratification for risk of recurrence. Materials and Methods CT and pathologic reports for consecutive @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent hepatectomy at one institution were evaluated with institutional review board approval. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for recurrence. @entity1 were categorized into risk groups on the basis of classification and regression tree analysis. Average recurrence detection rates (RDRs) between consecutive CT scans were calculated for existing and alternative surveillance schedules for each risk group, and the difference in RDR was determined by using the Student t test. A P value of less than .05 was considered to indicate a significant difference. Expected delay in diagnosis was also computed for the alternative surveillance schedules for each risk group. Results Two hundred sixty @entity1 (216 @entity1 ; mean age, 56.0 years    22.5) underwent 2705 CT studies. Independent risk factors for recurrence were microvascular invasion (P = .001), @entity82 (P = .007), and @entity5 multiplicity (P = .001). Three risk groups (low, intermediate, and high) were identified. For low- and intermediate-risk groups, average RDR was not significantly different in the first 2 years after hepatectomy when the interval was extended from 3 months (3.3% and 4.6%, respectively) to 4 months (4.3% [expected delay, 16 days] and 6.1% [expected delay, 18 days], respectively) or for the subsequent 3 years when the interval was extended from 6 months (1.3% and 3.5%, respectively) to 12 months (2.5% [expected delay, 72 days] and 7.0% [expected delay, 103 days], respectively). This alternative schedule included five (35.7%) fewer CT scans than the 14 in the original schedule, and a reduction in radiation dose and cost during the 5-year follow-up period. Conclusion Posthepatectomy surveillance CT schedules may be tailored and optimized according to stratification by risk of recurrence to reduce the frequency of CT scans without compromising surveillance benefits.    RSNA, 2014 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: XXXX : Surveillance CT Schedule after Hepatectomy Based on Risk Stratification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The goal of @entity5 chemotherapy is targeting @entity5 cells and/or @entity5 -associated microvessels with the lowest systemic @entity137 . Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising vehicles for selective drug delivery due to their peculiar ability to home to pathological tissues. We previously showed that MSCs are able to uptake and subsequently to release the chemotherapeutic compound @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ) and to impair the growth of @entity463 multiforme (GBM) xenografts. Here we used an orthotopic GBM model 1) to assess whether @entity4045 -loaded MSCs ( @entity4045 -MSCs) retain a tropism towards the @entity5 cells in the brain context, and 2) to characterize the cytotoxic damage induced by MSCs-driven @entity4045 release in the @entity5 microenvironment. METHODS: U87MG GBM cells were fluorescently labeled with the mCherry protein and grafted onto the brain of immunosuppressed @entity35 . In adjacent brain regions, we injected green fluorescent protein-expressing @entity19 MSCs, either loaded with @entity4045 or unloaded. After 1  week survival, the xenografted brain was assessed by confocal microscopy for @entity4045 -induced cell damage. RESULTS: Overall, MSCs showed remarkable tropism towards the @entity5 . In @entity35 grafted with @entity4045 -MSCs, the nuclei of U87MG cells showed changes that are typically induced by @entity4045 , including multi-spindle mitoses, centrosome number alterations, and nuclear fragmentation. Multi-spindle mitoses resulted in multinucleated cells that were significantly higher in @entity5 co-grafted with @entity4045 -MSCs than in controls. Nuclear changes did not occur in astrocytes and neurons surrounding the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: MSCs appear particularly suited for anti-neoplastic drug delivery in the brain since @entity4045 -specific damage of GBM cells can be achieved avoiding side effects to the normal tissue.

title: Mesenchymal stromal cells loaded with XXXX induce cytotoxic damage in @entity463 brain xenografts.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction. @entity17862 gene (dysbindin or @entity17862 ) has been associated with @entity161 and cognitive performance. Its expression in areas implicated in cognition such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as well as its role in dopaminergic and glutamatergic system, has been replicated by several studies. The main aim of this study was to examine the association between @entity17862 variability and cognitive performance in a sample of 238 @entity1 with a first episode of a non-affective @entity716 . Methods. @entity1 , and a comparison sample of 47 healthy subjects, completed an extensive neuropsychological battery. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within @entity17862 ( @entity65207 , @entity65208 , @entity65209 , @entity65210 and @entity65211 ) and three haplotypes (GACAC, GAGAC and GTGAC) were analysed. Results. In the group of @entity1 , we found a significant association between two of the @entity17862 SNPs and one of the haplotypes ( @entity65210 , @entity65209 and GACAC) and a measure of premorbid IQ [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-3rd Edition (WAIS-III) Vocabulary subtest]. Moreover, one of these SNPs, @entity65210 , was also associated with our measure of working memory (WAIS-III Backward digits subtest) and two haplotypes, GAGAC and GTGAC, with our measure of verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), of visual memory (Rey Complex Figure Test) in the case of GAGAC, and of speed of processing (WAIS-III Digit Symbol-coding) in the case of GTGAC. Conclusions. Our findings add further evidence suggesting an association between dysbindin gene variability and @entity73 in @entity161 , providing preliminary evidence of this association since the time of illness onset among minimally medicated @entity1 .

title: Dysbindin gene variability is associated with XXXX in first-episode non-affective @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity17862 :: ('84062', 'Gene') :: ['DTNBP1', 'Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant therapy has improved outcomes for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 . AIM AUTHORS: We studied the degree of histopathological regression after radiotherapy regimens commonly used in their clinical practice, and its effect on the pathology of by clinically founded T3-T4 @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 57 @entity1 were investigated who underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy--commonly used at our institute--for biopsy proven primary mid or lower third rectum @entity420 between January and December 2004. The standard surgical treatment was anterior resection sec Dixon, Lloyd-Davies--and Hartmann's procedure, all with total mesorectal excision. RESULTS: The surgical specimens were examined by selected pathologists and a modified pathologic staging system the Rectal Cancer Regression Grade (RCRG) was used. (I) "good" response (n=12, 21%), (II) "median" response (n=25, 44%), (III) "poor" response (n=20, 35%). Significant @entity5 regression (RCRG I-II.) was seen in 37 @entity1 (65%). Six @entity1 (10.5%) have had complete pathological regression and 6 @entity1 (10.5%) have had only microscopic foci of @entity420 . CONCLUSION: Comparing of pretreatment and pathologic staging revealed that the depth of invasion was significantly downstaged. The authors also reviewed the literature of neoadjuvant therapy, total mesorectal excision, prognostic and predictive factors of @entity5 .

title: [Histologic response after neoadjuvant therapy in XXXX : own experience and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity551 due to a spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is an increasingly recognized cause of @entity10 , but reliable follow-up data are lacking. The authors undertook a study to determine the risk of a recurrent spontaneous spinal CSF leak. METHODS: The @entity1 population consisted of a consecutive group of 18 @entity1 who had been evaluated for consideration of surgical repair of a spontaneous spinal CSF leak. The mean age of the 15 @entity1 and three @entity1 was 38 years (range 22-55 years). The mean duration of follow up was 36 months (range 6-132 months). The total follow-up time was 654 months. A recurrent spinal CSF leak was defined on the basis of computerized tomography myelography evidence of a CSF leak in a previously visualized but unaffected spinal location. Five @entity1 (28%) developed a recurrent spinal CSF leak; the mean age of these four @entity1 and one @entity1 was 36 years. A recurrent CSF leak developed in five (38%) of 13 @entity1 who had undergone surgical CSF leak repair, compared with none (0%) of five @entity1 who had been treated non-surgically (p = 0.249). The recurrent leak occurred between 10 and 77 months after the initial CSF leak, but within 2 or 3 months of successful surgical repair of the leak in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent spontaneous spinal CSF leaks are not rare, and the recent successful repair of such a leak at another site may be an important risk factor.

title: Recurrent spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['postural headaches']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['intracranial hypotension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Comparison by sex and presenting features between 2000  and 2010  of the characteristics of new cases of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Observational @entity50224 -2010-CPHG study similar to @entity50224 -2000-CPHG. Both studies were promoted by the French College of General Hospital Respiratory Physicians (CPHG). @entity50224 -2010-CPHG collected data for 6083  @entity1149 diagnosed between January 1st and December 31st, 2010, and followed in the respiratory departments of 119  French general hospitals. RESULTS: In 2010, 24.4  % of the @entity1 were @entity1 (16  % in 2000, p<0.0001). Compared to @entity1 , @entity1 were more commonly non-smokers (34.2  vs 4.7  %) or lighter consumers (37.2  vs 43.7  pack per years) (p<0.0001). Their @entity5 (mostly @entity420 : 64.6  vs 48.7  %, p<0.0001) were more frequently diagnosed at stage IV (62.4  vs 56.9  %, p=0.0008). @entity470 mutation research was more frequently performed (48.5  vs 31.0  %, p<0.0001) and positive (20.6  vs 5.2  %, p<0.0001) in @entity1 than @entity1 . Their treatment more frequently included targeted therapy (13.4  vs 5.7  %, p<0.0001). Compared to 2000, the percentage of non-smokers increased in @entity1 (4.7  vs 2.5  %, p<0.0001) while remaining stable in @entity1 (36.1  vs 34.2  %, p=0.32). The percentage of @entity420 increased, particularly in @entity1 (48.7  vs 31.5  %, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of @entity1 with @entity1149 has increased in 10years in France. In 2010, the main gender differences persist, but have decreased with the increasing proportion of non-smokers and @entity420 in @entity1 . Various hypotheses to explain these changes are discussed.

title: [Ten-year evolution in @entity1149 according to sex. Results of the XXXX -2010-CPHG study by the College of General Hospital Respiratory Physicians].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity50224 :: (26128,Gene) :: ['KBP']


abstract: MATERIAL, METHOD: Authors present the results of surgical treatment in a series of 93 @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 and large epileptogenic foci, in whom multilobar resections have been performed. They constituted 13% of a group of 716 @entity1 subjected to surgery due to @entity302 in the period 1957-1996, in the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. @entity1 treated with multilobar resection constituted the group, characterised by the most severe course of @entity302 , so they usually had a long @entity410 ' history at the time of operation (more than 10 years duration of the disease in 37% of @entity1 ), albeit they were qualified to surgery at a relatively young age (mean age at the time of surgery: 16-th year of life). @entity130 was the most frequent underlying aetiologic factor (perinatal @entity130 and other @entity542 were documented in 28% and 30% of @entity1 respectively). Morphological abnormalities of the resected brain tissue were found on pathological examination (light microscope) in 68% of @entity1 in this series. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality was 3%. At a follow-up examination (mean follow-up period 7 years postoperatively): 30% of @entity1 were @entity410 free, in 13% of @entity1 drug discontinuation was possible. In 23% of @entity1 less than 2-3 @entity410 per year occurred. So totally in 53% of @entity1 , good result of treatment was achieved (none or only very rare @entity410 ). In 35% of @entity1 surgery failed to control @entity410 ' frequency. 9% of @entity1 were lost from follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Multilobar resection (if acceptable from the clinical point of view) may be an effective treatment choice in @entity1 with medically uncontrollable @entity410 and huge epileptogenic foci. This treatment modality may offer recovery from @entity410 or significant improvement to 53% of @entity1 treated. The radical removal of epileptogenic foci, age of the @entity1 higher than 18 year of life at the time of operation, focal character of EEG abnormalities and occurrence of only one type of @entity410 , were found to be good prognostic factors. On the other hand younger age of the @entity1 operated, the presence of generalized slow waves in the interictal EEG recordings and the occurrence of various types of @entity410 , influenced adversely on the prognosis.

title: Multilobar resections in surgical treatment of medically intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['major head injury']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['drug resistant epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The objective of this phase I-II study was to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of combination chemotherapy with @entity1487 , @entity4181 , @entity632 , @entity1499 , and oral @entity2879 ( @entity1182 ) in @entity1 with measurable unresectable or metastatic @entity356 . Starting doses on the phase I study were as follows: @entity1499 50 mg/m2 intravenous bolus day 1; @entity4181 20 mg/m2 intravenous bolus days 2 through 4, starting 24 hours after the @entity1499 dose; @entity1487 325 mg/m2 intravenous bolus 15 minutes after @entity4181 days 2 through 4; @entity632 25 mg/m2 intravenous bolus day 8; and oral @entity2879 50 mg/day for 14 days, starting on day 8. A new cycle started on day 28. A total of 42 @entity1 were treated--10 @entity1 in the phase I study and 32 @entity1 in the phase II study. Dose-limiting @entity137 was encountered in the phase I study on the second escalation step, when @entity632 was escalated to 30 mg/m2 and @entity1487 was escalated to 350 mg/m2. In the phase II study 28 @entity1 (109 courses) were evaluable for @entity137 . @entity1398 grade 3 or more was dose limiting and was documented in 12 @entity1 (43%) during 22 treatment courses (20%). @entity1398 was associated with @entity1398 requiring hospitalization in four @entity1 during five courses of therapy. Grade 3 @entity3136 and grade 3 @entity294 was infrequent, documented in two @entity1 (two courses) and three @entity1 (four courses), respectively. All other @entity137 was grade 1 and grade 2. The combined objective response rate in 38 evaluable @entity1 entered in both studies was 23.3% (six partial responses and one complete response). Stable disease was documented in 15 @entity1 (39.5%). The median survival for the 42 @entity1 entered in both trials was 6.9 months (95% confidence interval, 5.9-8.5 months). The objective response rate and median survival for the combined group is comparable with that reported for the @entity2879 , @entity4181 , and @entity1487 (ELF), and @entity1487 and @entity1499 (FMTX) regimens in a recently reported, multicenter, phase III study.

title: Phase I-II study of @entity1487 , @entity4181 , @entity632 , @entity1499 , and long-term oral @entity2879 ( XXXX ) in unresectable or metastatic @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1182 :: (8837,Gene) :: ['FLAME']


abstract: @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) is an anabolic hormone that may increase bone density and thus decrease @entity174 risk. @entity1 with @entity2012 have an excess of @entity2124 , and we therefore investigated whether @entity174 risk was decreased in @entity1 with @entity2012 . We identified 206 @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity2012 between 1983 and 1996 who underwent pituitary surgery. Each @entity1 was compared with three age- and gender-matched controls randomly selected from the background population. Mean age at diagnosis was 46.0+/-12.6 years and 50% were @entity1 . Before diagnosis, six @entity1 sustained six @entity174 during 2128 @entity1 years and after diagnosis six @entity1 had ten @entity174 during 1282 years of follow-up. Among the controls, the corresponding figures were 23 subjects with 44 @entity174 during 6357 years of follow-up before diagnosis and 46 @entity174 in 28 subjects during 4051 @entity1 years. The @entity174 rate was significantly decreased before (incidence rate ratio: IRR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.18-0.93) but not after the diagnosis (IRR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.35-1.36) of @entity2012 was made. Twenty-three @entity1 had undergone measurements of bone mineral density by DXA after diagnosis, and their mean+/-SD Z-scores both in the lumbar spine (0.92+/-1.38) and femoral neck (0.54+/-1.02) were significantly higher than expected. A @entity174 before diagnosis was a significant risk factor for sustaining an incident @entity174 after diagnosis (RR=11.8, 95% CI: 4.7-29.3). In conclusion, @entity174 risk is significantly decreased in @entity1 with @entity2012 compared to controls probably due to an anabolic effect of @entity2124 on bone.

title: @entity174 risk is decreased in @entity2012 --a potential beneficial effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['GH', 'growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis of @entity253 remains a challenge. This study evaluated magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) as a new procedure in comparison with the established methods of diagnosis including ERCP or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), CT, and EUS. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 (21 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 , mean age 65.7 years) with @entity1087 but no @entity158 suspected to have @entity253 were enrolled in this prospective study. MRCP, ERCP/PTC, CT, and EUS were performed prospectively; images and videotapes (EUS) of these tests were reviewed blindly under standardized conditions. Reference standards for comparison were surgery, a biopsy confirming @entity5 , or the clinical course during follow-up (at least 12 months) in cases without histopathologic proof of @entity5 . RESULTS: Seven @entity1 ultimately proved to have @entity1087 caused by @entity409 and 43 had a biliary stricture (17 benign, 26 malignant). Forty @entity1 underwent all 4 imaging tests. There were 10 @entity1 in whom @entity1 -specific problems precluded some procedures but who were included in an intention-to-diagnose analysis. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of @entity5 in the 50 @entity1 were as follows: 85% / 75% for ERCP/PTC, 85% / 71% for MRCP, 77% / 63% for CT, and 79% / 62% for EUS, with similar values in the 40 @entity1 who underwent all 4 imaging methods. The combination of MRCP and EUS improved specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Although MRCP provides the same imaging information as direct cholangiography, it has limited specificity for the diagnosis of malignant strictures. In the differential diagnosis of @entity253 , several tests including ERCP-guided tissue diagnosis are still required, and MRCP has only a limited clinical role.

title: A prospective comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of ERCP, MRCP, CT, and EUS in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal liver disease']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary strictures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of transdermal @entity3575 in a treatment regimen in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Two hundred twenty-six @entity1 (mean age 66 y) with severe @entity158 caused by @entity309 who had not previously been treated with transdermal @entity3575 were included in this prospective, open-label study. @entity158 intensity, functional impairment, and well-being were documented prospectively for 30 days after treatment with transdermal @entity3575 had been initiated. @entity1 evaluated @entity158 on an 11-point numerical rating scale. @entity25 , daily and social functioning, and treatment satisfaction were rated using 5-point categorical rating scales. General well-being was assessed by the Marburg questionnaire. RESULTS: Adding transdermal @entity3575 to the ongoing @entity309 therapy reduced @entity158 intensity significantly from 8.0 (7.82 to 8.18) to 4.0 (3.75 to 4.25). Mean functional impairment due to @entity158 also decreased significantly from "severe" at the beginning to "mild to moderate." Treatment with transdermal @entity3575 also led to a significant improvement by approximately 1.5 units for all items in the Marburg questionnaire on general well-being. At the end of the study, nearly all @entity1 were satisfied with the @entity158 treatment. Transdermal @entity3575 was generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects were @entity390 (9.7%) and @entity391 (7.1%). DISCUSSION: @entity1 with @entity158 caused by @entity309 improved in terms of @entity158 intensity, sleep, function, and general well-being when transdermal @entity3575 was added to the treatment regimen. Treatment satisfaction was high. Transdermal @entity3575 also demonstrated good tolerability over a period of 30 days.

title: Impact of transdermal XXXX on quality of life in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Quality of sleep']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: Enzootic nasal @entity420 is a contagious @entity5 of the mucosal nasal glands affecting young adult @entity742 or @entity1237 . The disease occurs naturally in all continents except Australia and New Zealand. Clinical signs include continuous nasal discharge, @entity649 , @entity5768 and skull deformations. The @entity5 is classified histologically as a low-grade @entity420 . Nasal glands of both @entity1576 seem to be the origin of the @entity5 . It has been experimentally transmitted in @entity742 and @entity1237 using either @entity5 extracts or concentrated nasal fluids. Two distinct retroviruses are implicated in the aetiology of the @entity5 one in @entity742 (ONAV) and one in @entity1237 (CNAV). We suggest that @entity13900 ), ONAV, CNAV, and their endogenous counterparts represent a unique family of retroviruses. The similarities between these viruses suggests that any control strategies, including vaccination, may be appropriate to both diseases. The differences, however, represent a unique resource for delineating the function of individual regions of the virus. It is intriguing that whilst ONAV and CNAV appear to be as different to each other as they are to @entity13900 , that they have very similar disease pathologies, distinct from that of OPA. Additionally, all three exogenous viruses manage to avoid instigating any apparent immune response. Whether this is indeed a result of tolerance induced by the endogenous counterparts or whether the viruses themselves have unique immunosuppressive properties will be an important finding.

title: Enzootic nasal @entity420 of XXXX and @entity1237 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['exophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory and olfactory muosal glands']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13900 :: ('11746', 'Species') :: ['JSRV', 'jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnostic validity of a full-thickness resection is higher compared to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD). Whereas transanal endoscopic microsurgery techniques (TEM, TAMIS) are established therapeutic procedures in the rectum no established and safe minimally invasive or endoscopic procedure exists in the colon. AIM: In this study the novel endoscopic full thickness resection device (FTRD, Ovesco, Germany) was investigated concerning success rates with histologically proven full thickness resections, R0 status as well as @entity1 and device safety for the rectum and colon. METHOD: In the period from November 2014 to June 2015 full thickness resections in the rectum and colon were performed with the FTRD in 20 @entity1 . Data on technical success, R0 resection rate and histologically confirmed full thickness resections were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The following indications were treated in the rectum (n   =   11) and colon (n   =   9): T1 @entity189 (n   =   6) and @entity5 (n   =   2), untreated and nonlifting @entity652 (n   =   3) and incomplete resection of @entity652 with low and high grade @entity1141 (n   =   9). The technical success rate was 75   %, 3 technical failures made a conventional polypectomy necessary in 2 @entity1 and in 1 @entity1 an operative resection of the duplicated intestinal wall had to be performed. The median endoscopic follow-up time was 61.5 days (n   =   10) and in 7 @entity1 the clip had dislodged at the first follow-up. A thermal perforation in one case of conventional polypectomy gave rise to indications for a partial resection of the colon. In one @entity1 the lesion in the cecum could be reached but not treated for technical reasons. The histological R0 rate was 80   %, whereas the full thickness resection rate was 60   % (85.7   % in the colon and 54.6   % in the rectum). In two @entity1 with @entity189 and incomplete FTRD, surgical treatment was performed. The median size of the resection specimen was 5     cm(2) (range 1.6-12.9     cm(2)). CONCLUSION: The results show that FTRD is a safe and effective instrument for use in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Limitations of the FTRD system concerning full thickness resection are scarring, @entity82 and thickness of the intestinal wall, especially in the lower rectum; therefore, it is suggested that a simulation with a tube similar in size to the FTRD should be performed during the screening colonoscopy in order to establish whether an endoscopic resection with FTRD is possible.

title: [Full thickness resection device (FTRD) : Experience and outcome for XXXX of the rectum and colon].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign neoplasms']


abstract: Endoscopic thoracic sympathetic block (ESB) has recently become a popular modification of sympathetic surgery, as it offers the potential chance of reversibility. In order to reduce side effects such as @entity3190 limited ESB at the levels of the T2, T3 or T4 @entity21 has been recommended (Lin/Telaranta classification). We present our experience and initial results with this technique. From 6/2001 to 2/2003, 184 ESB procedures were performed in 94 @entity1 . ESB4 was carried out in 53 @entity1 for @entity1119 ( @entity1119 ) of the upper limb. In 23 @entity1 @entity29028 was performed for craniofacial @entity1119 and 18 @entity1 suffering from facial blushing were treated by ESB2. Median follow-up was 5.2-7.5 months.Success rates were similar (~100%) in all groups. @entity3190 was found in 25% in the @entity29028 compared to 12.5 % in the ESB2 and 8.5 % in the ESB4 group (p < 0.05). @entity8810 did not differ significantly between the groups (6.3 % in ESB2, 5% in @entity29028 % in ESB4 group). Five @entity1 were reoperated in the @entity29028 group (3 because of a side-difference of the effect in the face, 1 @entity1 due to incomplete @entity4820 and 1 due to massive @entity3190 ). In the ESB4 group all @entity1 were satisfied with the outcome, whereas in the ESB2 group 6.3% and in the @entity29028 group 13.9% were partly satisfied. Limited sympathetic surgery offers comparably high success and satisfaction rates along with a low rate of side effects.

title: Experience with limited endoscopic thoracic sympathetic block for XXXX and facial blushing.

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['Gustatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory sweating', 'compensatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis', 'HH']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: @entity5345 (Vv) and @entity8966 (Vp) are opportunistic @entity1 pathogens naturally associated with the @entity23682 @entity23682 . The abundances of both pathogens in oysters are positively correlated with temperature, thus ingestion of raw oysters during the warm summer months is a risk factor for contracting illness from these bacteria. Current post-harvest processing (PHP) methods for elimination of these pathogens are expensive and kill the oyster, changing their organoleptic properties and making them less appealing to some consumers. High salinity has proven effective in reducing Vv numbers in the wild and our research aims at developing an indoor recirculating system to reduce pathogenic Vibrios while maintaining the taste and texture of live oysters. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of temperature on the efficacy of high salinity depuration. Vv was enumerated as @entity25736 ( @entity25736 ) per gram of oyster tissue using the FDA-approved modified cellobiose polymyxin colistin (mCPC) protocol and with an alternative Vibrio specific media CHROMagar    Vibrio ( @entity3895 ). @entity3895 was also used to quantify Vp. Oysters were held at 35psu for 10days at three temperatures: low (20  C), mid (22.5  C) and high (25  C). There was no difference in @entity25736 /g of Vv between media; however more Vv isolates were obtained from mCPC than @entity3895 . There was no significant effect of temperature on reduction of Vv or Vp throughout depuration but there was a tendency for low temperatures to be less effective than the higher ones. High salinity resulted in a significant decrease in Vv by day 3 and again by day 10, and a decrease in Vp by day 3. Oyster condition indices were maintained throughout depuration and mortality was low (4% across three trials). Overall these results support the use of mCPC for Vv enumeration and demonstrate the promise of high salinity depuration for PHP of the @entity23682 . The trend for lower temperatures to be less effective is surprising and indicates a potential interaction between salinity and temperature that should be further investigated.

title: Temperature effect on high salinity depuration of @entity5345 and XXXX from the @entity23682 ( @entity23682 ).

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity23682 :: ('6565', 'Species') :: ['Eastern oyster', 'Crassostrea virginica']

entities_list: @entity25736 :: ('MESH:C536741', 'Disease') :: ['most probable number', 'MPN']

entities_list: @entity5345 :: ('672', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio vulnificus']

answer: @entity8966 :: (670,Species) :: ['V. parahaemolyticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent randomized controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin in @entity1 with @entity1072 and @entity7893 demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the rate of @entity2348 among @entity1 who received intravenous immune globulin. We used decision-analysis techniques to determine whether prophylactic intravenous immune globulin is likely to result in an overall clinical benefit to @entity1 who receive this treatment and to examine its cost effectiveness. METHODS: We constructed a model to compare two strategies: treatment with intravenous immune globulin at a dose of 400 mg per kilogram of body weight every three weeks and no immune globulin therapy. Baseline estimates of the efficacy of intravenous immune globulin were derived from the published results of the randomized trial. The costs of treatment, complications, and @entity281 were estimated on the basis of component costs. Health outcomes were measured in terms of gains in quality-adjusted life expectancy. RESULTS: Intravenous immune globulin therapy can result in a loss of quality-adjusted life expectancy when the inconvenience of treatment is taken into account. If the inconvenience of treatment is not considered, therapy results in a gain of 0.8 quality-adjusted days per @entity1 per year of therapy at a cost of  6 million per quality-adjusted life-year gained. CONCLUSIONS: Decision-analysis modeling may be applied to the results of randomized controlled trials to assess the potential clinical and financial effects of adopting the intervention in medical practice. In the case of intravenous immune globulin therapy in @entity1 with @entity1072 and @entity7893 , this type of analysis suggests that treatment might not result in improved quality or length of life and that it is extraordinarily expensive in comparison with other treatments generally accepted as cost effective.

title: Cost effectiveness of prophylactic intravenous immune globulin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: AIMS: To objectively quantify the thickness of peripapillary choroid using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) followed by a novel automated @entity2194 and to evaluate its systemic and ocular determinants. METHODS: We recruited 520 subjects (1040 eyes) from the Singapore Malay Eye Study, a cross-sectional population-based study. Subjects underwent standardised detailed ophthalmic examination including SD-OCT (Spectralis) with EDI for measurement of peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT). RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 66.7  10.4   years (range 47-88   years) and the mean spherical equivalent was -0.01  2.28   D (range -18.50 to +7.00   D). The intra-session repeatability of PPCT measurements at four quadrants using automated @entity1347 software was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.9998-0.9999). The overall mean PPCT was 136.2  56.8     m. Peripapillary choroid showed geographical differences among the four quadrants, being thickest in the superior quadrant (150.5  59.6     m), followed by the nasal (143.5  58.4     m) and temporal quadrants (139.4  68.9     m), and thinnest in the inferior quadrant (111.3  51.7     m). Among the range of ocular and systemic factors studied, shorter axial length (p=0.002), younger age (p=0.018), lower @entity412 level (p=0.015) and the presence of @entity6 (p=0.036) were the only significant predictors of thicker peripapillary choroid. CONCLUSIONS: Using novel automated @entity1347 software, we provide reliable objective measurements of PPCT in a population-based setting. Shorter axial length, younger age, lower @entity412 levels and the presence of @entity6 are the factors independently associated with thicker PPCT. These factors should be taken into consideration when interpreting Spectralis EDI SD-OCT-based PPCT measurements in clinics.

title: Peripapillary choroidal thickness assessed using automated XXXX software in an Asian population.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal segmentation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal segmentation software in Asian eyes']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['choroidal segmentation']


abstract: The nucleus accumbens (Acb) is a part of the striatum which integrates information from cortical and limbic brain structures, and mediates behaviors which reinforce reward. Previous work has suggested that neuronal synchrony mediated by gap junctions in Acb-related areas is involved in brain pleasure and reward. In order to gain insight into functional aspects of the neural information processing at the level of the striatum, we explored the possible role of Acb gap junctional communication and chemical synapses on reward self-stimulation in @entity35 using positive reinforcement. @entity35 were trained to press a lever that caused an electrical current to be delivered into the hypothalamus, which is recognized to cause pleasure/reward. Intracerebral infusion into the Acb of the gap junctional blocker @entity8743 (CBX) decreased the lever-pressing activity. Considering that the net effect of blocking gap junctions is a reduced synchronized output of the cellular activities, which at some level represents a decrease in excitability, two other inhibitors of neuronal excitability, @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) and @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ), were infused into the Acb and their effects on lever-pressing assessed. All manipulations that diminished excitability in the Acb resulted in reduced lever-pressing activity. CBX and @entity4524 were also infused into motor cortex mediating forelimb lever-pressing with no effect. However, a manipulation that has the net effect of increasing excitation, the infusion of the opiate antagonist @entity1510 , also decreased significantly brain self-stimulation. We conclude that reward behaviors depend to a great extent on both excitability and gap junction-mediated mechanisms in Acb neuronal networks. Thus, the Acb provides a site for the study of pleasure/reward, addiction and conscious experience.

title: Excitability and gap junction-mediated mechanisms in nucleus accumbens regulate self-stimulation reward in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8743 :: ('MESH:D002229', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenoxolone']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nidotherapy is a new treatment aimed at the systematic alteration of the environment in order to make a better fit for a @entity1 with chronic mental health difficulties. Preliminary work has suggested that it might have particular value in those with @entity10420 . AIMS: To examine the views of @entity1 with @entity1032 combined with @entity10420 features about the acceptability and value of nidotherapy when given over a six-month period as an adjunct to conventional care. METHOD: A two-phase study was used. First, a set of key informant interviews was carried out to determine how nidotherapy was perceived in order to identify potentially important themes. Specific topic guides derived from these themes were drawn up for use in the second stage of the study, involving semi-structured interviews with a sample of @entity1 , members of their care teams and their nidotherapists. Nine @entity1 were purposively selected to ensure that a range of demographic and clinical factors was covered. RESULTS: Analysis of the results showed that the common threads of the perception of nidotherapy were that it was both feasible and acceptable to those with @entity10420 disturbance and that the nidotherapists were felt to be valuable allies in what was otherwise seen as a hostile world. It was also seen to improve adherence to other therapies. It was much less valuable when the staff on the clinical teams were not able to embrace the collaborative approach necessary with this therapy. CONCLUSION: Nidotherapy is an acceptable form of management and was perceived in this study to have largely positive results for both @entity1 and clinical teams as it offered intervention beyond that provided by conventional teams. It was felt to require more than six months of treatment and was less successful when there was inadequate communication between the nidotherapist and clinical teams and when the philosophy of care was not congruent.

title: Integration of nidotherapy into the management of @entity1032 and XXXX : a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality', 'antisocial personality disorder']

answer: @entity10420 :: (MESH:D000987,Disease) :: ['antisocial personality']


abstract: PURPOSE: Successful endovascular repair of an @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) requires the creation of a hemostatic seal between the endograft and the underlying aortic wall. A short infrarenal aortic neck may be responsible for incomplete @entity439 and procedural failure. Sixteen @entity1 who had an endograft positioned completely below the lowest renal artery and 37 @entity1 in whom a porous portion of an endograft attachment system was deliberately placed across the renal arteries were studied to identify if endograft positioning could impact on the occurrence of incomplete @entity439 . METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 underwent aortic grafting constructed from a Palmaz balloon expandable stent and an expandable @entity736 (ePTFE) graft implanted in an aorto-ilio-femoral, femoral-femoral configuration. Arteriography, duplex ultrasonography and spiral CT scans were performed in each @entity1 before and after endografting to evaluate for technical success, the presence of endoleaks, and renal artery perfusion. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in @entity1 demography, @entity1028 size, or aortic neck length or diameter between @entity1 who had their endografts placed below or across the renal arteries. However, significantly more proximal aortic endoleaks occurred in those @entity1 with infrarenal endografts (P < or = .05). Median serum @entity1011 level before and after endografting was not significantly different between the 2 @entity1 subgroups, with the exception of 2 @entity1 who had inadvertent coverage of a single renal orifice by the endograft. Median blood pressure and the requirement for antihypertensive therapy remained the same after transrenal aortic stent grafting. Significant renal artery compromise did not occur after appropriately positioned transrenal stents as shown by means of angiography, CT scanning, and duplex ultrasound scan. Mean follow-up time was 10.3 months (range, 3 to 18 months). @entity1 who had significant @entity2791 (> or =50%) before aortic endografting did not show progression of @entity2791 after trans-renal endografting. Two @entity1 with transrenal aortic stent grafts had inadvertent coverage of 1 renal artery by the endograft because of device malpositioning, which resulted in nondialysis dependent @entity177 . In addition, evidence of @entity1188 (<20% of the kidney), which did not result in an apparent change in renal function, was shown by means of follow-up CT scans in 2 @entity1 with transrenal endografts. CONCLUSION: Transrenal aortic endograft fixation using a balloon expandable device in @entity1 with AAAs can result in a significant reduction in the risk of proximal endoleaks. Absolute attention to precise device positioning, coupled with the use of detailed imaging techniques, should reduce the risk of @entity432 from malpositioning. Long-term follow-up is essential to determine if there will be late sequelae of transrenal fixation of endografts, which could adversely effect renal perfusion.

title: Impact of transrenal aortic endograft placement on endovascular graft repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm exclusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['segmental renal artery infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['inadvertent renal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and functional results of the combined suprahyoid-transoral approach in @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Five @entity1 (4 females, 1 male; mean age 47 years; range 12 to 65 years) with @entity5 underwent surgery via the combined suprahyoid-transoral approach. Diagnoses were @entity2347 in three @entity1 and @entity957 in two @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 32.4 months (range 10 to 54 months). RESULTS: One @entity1 with @entity2347 and two @entity1 with @entity957 required neck dissection. Postoperative radiotherapy was administered to two @entity1 with @entity957 . Tracheotomy was performed in all cases during surgery. All @entity1 were safely decannulated within a mean of 11.4 days (range 9 to 14 days) and converted to oral feeding within a mean of 8.6 days (range 7 to 11 days) with no aspiration problem. All @entity1 had negative surgical margins. All @entity1 had satisfactory phonation. No local or regional recurrences developed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Functional results obtained through the combined suprahyoid-transoral approach justify its use in the treatment of @entity5772 .

title: [Evaluation of the combined suprahyoid-transoral approach to the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tongue base tumors', 'early-stage tongue base cancers']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['T1 or T2 tongue base carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tongue base tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of habitual snoring and @entity10410 in @entity1 attending the out- @entity1 clinics of a paediatric department. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey of parents was conducted with questionnaire administered by paediatric nurses. Parents were recruited when they brought their @entity1 to the out- @entity1 clinics. Sex and age were recorded. Presence and absence of habitual snoring and @entity10410 were noted. Types of diseases that brought the @entity1 to the out- @entity1 clinics were also noted. RESULTS: Twenty-nine of the 200 recruited @entity1 were noted to have habitual snoring (14.5%, 95% C.I. 10%-20%). The mean age of these habitual snorers was 6.2 +/- 3.1 years. For habitual snorers, male to female ratio was 1.4 to 1. Sixteen of these 28 @entity1 accepted a sleep polysomnographic examination. Eleven @entity1 were found to have snoring during the night of study. Two were found to have @entity27 . Sleep @entity8599 was found in 17 @entity1 (8.5%, 95% C.I.5%-13%). Sleep @entity8599 was closely related to habitual snoring as 16 out of the 17 @entity1 with @entity10410 were also habitual snorers (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Habitual snoring and @entity10410 were commonly found in @entity1 attending paediatric clinics. Paediatricians should be aware of these problems and be prepared to deal with them. Habitual snoring and @entity10410 were closely related. Further studies into this relationship is needed.

title: Habitual snoring and XXXX in a paediatric outpatient population in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity10410 :: ('MESH:D020186', 'Disease') :: ['sleep bruxism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

answer: @entity10410 :: (MESH:D020186,Disease) :: ['sleep bruxism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The amygdala plays an important role in the regulation of emotions and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity1316 . Studies of amygdala volumes in @entity1316 have been conflicting, with findings of increased, decreased and unchanged amygdala volumes in @entity1 relative to controls. We present the largest meta-analysis of amygdala volumes in @entity1316 and the first one to investigate modifying effects of clinical, demographic and methodological variables. METHODS: We reviewed 40 magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating amygdala volumes in @entity1 with @entity162 . For meta-analysis we used standardized differences in means (SDM) and random effect models. In the search for sources of heterogeneity, we subdivided the studies based on diagnosis, setting, age, medication status, sex, duration of illness, slice thickness, interrater reliability of tracing and anatomical definitions used. RESULTS: The volumes of the left and right amygdala in bipolar (N=215) or unipolar (N=409) @entity1 were comparable to controls. Bipolar @entity1 and adolescents had significantly smaller left amygdala volumes relative to controls (SDM=-0.34, 95%CI=-0.65; -0.04, z=-2.20, p=0.03), whereas @entity162 showed a trend for left amygdala volume increases (SDM=0.46, 95%CI=-0.03; 0.96, z=1.83, p=0.07). Unipolar inpatients had significantly larger left (SDM=0.35, 95%CI=0.03; 0.67, z=-2.17, p=0.03) amygdala volumes than controls, with no significant amygdala volume changes in unipolar outpatients. LIMITATIONS: Heterogeneity of included studies. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of overall differences in amygdala volumes, in the presence of significant and sometimes mirror changes in @entity1 subgroups, demonstrates marked heterogeneity among @entity1316 . @entity854 may not be associated with @entity1316 per se, but rather may underlie only some dimensions of illness or represent artifacts of medication or comorbid conditions.

title: Amygdala volumes in XXXX --meta-analysis of magnetic resonance volumetry studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar or bipolar disorders', 'bipolar adults']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Amygdala volume abnormalities']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: Purinergic receptors activated by extracellular @entity2036 ( @entity6883 ( @entity855 ) and @entity20548 ( @entity856 )) are well known to exert physiological effects on the cardiovascular system, whether @entity2036 participate functionally in embryonic heart development is not clear. The responsiveness of @entity2085 (E) 12 to P2 receptor agonists by measuring @entity141 influx did not present response to @entity855 , but responses to P2 agonists were detected in cardiomyocytes taken from E14 and E18 @entity35 . Photometry revealed that the responses to @entity855 were concentration-dependent with an EC50 of 1.32  M and 0.18  M for E14 and E18 cardiomyocytes, respectively. In addition, other P2 agonists were also able to induce @entity141 mobilization. RT-PCR showed the presence of @entity22751 and P2X4 receptor transcripts on E14 cardiomyocytes with a lower expression of @entity22752 and P2X7 receptors. @entity16312 and a low level of P2X5 receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) were also expressed at E18. Immunofluorescence data indicated that only @entity22751 and P2X4 receptor proteins were expressed in E14 cardiomyocytes while protein for all the P2X receptor subtypes was expressed in E18, except for @entity22752 and @entity22755 . Responses mediated by agonists specific for P2Y receptors subtypes showed that P2Y receptors ( @entity863 , @entity12700 , @entity12701 and @entity12702 ) were also present in both E14 and E18 cardiomyocytes. Dye transfer experiments showed that @entity855 induces coupling of cells at E12, but this response is decreased at E14 and lost at E18. Conversely, @entity856 induced coupling with five or more cells in most cells from E12 to E18. Our results show that specific P2 receptor subtypes are present in embryonic @entity35 cardiomyocytes, including P2X7 and @entity12701 receptors that have not been identified in adult @entity35 cardiomyocytes. The responsiveness to @entity855 stimulation even before birth, suggests that @entity855 may be an important messenger in embryonic as well as in adult hearts.

title: Pharmacological and molecular characterization of functional P2 receptors in @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic cardiomyocytes']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity20548 :: ('CHEBI:15713', 'Chemical') :: ["uridine 5'-triphosphate"]

answer: @entity2085 :: (MESH:D020964,Disease) :: ['embryonic cardiomyocytes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two-stage revision hip surgery with insertion of local antibiotic carriers is the therapy of choice for @entity281 . The disadvantages are the incalculable pharmacokinetics of the antibiotic, with the danger of resistance and sensitisation. In a retrospective study, the effectiveness of a two-stage revision strategy done without local antibiotics was to be investigated. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 (32 hips) after two-stage revision hip surgery for infection without local antibiotics were monitored clinically and radiologically, with a follow-up of 41.3 months. RESULTS: Nine re-debridements in combination with a systemic antibiosis had to be conducted for eradication of the @entity281 after explantation. Reconstruction of the majority of the hips was possible without the use of revision implants and without using large structured allografts. The re-infection rate was 6.3%, the @entity1 achieved a Harris hip score of 75.4 (range 36.1-97.0) points at the latest follow-up, and the average difference in leg length was -0.7 (range -4.5 to + 2.5) cm. CONCLUSION: Two-stage revision of the hip can be conducted without local antibiotic application, to achieve a comparatively efficient cure of the infection and function. This investigation underlines the significance of radical surgical debridement. The optional use of more effective antibiotic carriers may reduce the number of re-debridements in the future.

title: Two-stage operative strategy without local antibiotic treatment for XXXX : clinical and radiological outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected hip arthroplasty', 'infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infected hip arthroplasty']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Understanding @entity137 pathways of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) has recently been brought forward as a key step in twenty-first century ENM risk assessment. Molecular mechanisms linked to phenotypic end points is a step towards the development of @entity137 tests based on key events, which may allow for grouping of ENM according to their modes of action. This study identified molecular mechanisms underlying @entity2383 in @entity1 bronchial epithelial BEAS 2B cells following exposure to one of the most studied multi-walled @entity505 nanotubes (Mitsui MWCNT-7). Asbestos was used as a positive control and a non-carcinogenic glass wool material was included as a negative fibre control. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP   ) was observed for MWCNTs at a biologically relevant dose (0.25    g/cm(2)) and for asbestos at 2    g/cm(2), but not for glass wool. Extensive temporal transcriptomic and microRNA expression analyses identified a 330-gene signature (including 26 genes with known mitochondrial function) related to MWCNT- and asbestos-induced MMP   . Forty-nine of the MMP   -associated genes showed highly similar expression patterns over time (six time points) and the majority was found to be regulated by two transcription factors strongly involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, APP and @entity25577 . In addition, four miRNAs were correlated with MMP    and one of them, @entity30727 , was found to negatively correlate with a large part of the MMP   -associated genes. Cellular processes such as gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial LC-fatty acid b-oxidation and spindle microtubule function were enriched among the MMP   -associated genes and miRNAs. These results are expected to be useful in the identification of key events in ENM-related @entity137 pathways for the development of molecular screening techniques.

title: Extensive temporal transcriptome and microRNA analyses identify molecular mechanisms underlying @entity2383 induced by multi-walled XXXX nanotubes in @entity1 lung cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Weight loss is important for prevention of type 2 @entity6 and an accurate self-perceived body image can promote @entity353 . We evaluated the association of self-perceived body image with body mass index (BMI) and type 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Data from the Danish ADDITION-PRO cohort study (2009-2011) were used. A total of 2082 @entity1 and @entity1 attended a health examination including assessment of BMI, waist circumference, the Stunkard scale of self-perceived @entity28 and an oral @entity413 tolerance test for assessment of @entity6 risk. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age was 66.2 (6.9) years and 24% were @entity28 (BMI >= 30kg/m(2)). However, only 7% of @entity28 @entity1 and 11% of @entity28 @entity1 perceived themselves as @entity28 . Among @entity28 @entity1 , for a given level of BMI and waist circumference, one unit higher self-perceived body image was associated with 52% (95% CI: 14-73) lower risk of having type 2 @entity6 and 45% (95% CI: 12-65) lower risk of having @entity6 . Overweight, but not @entity28 , @entity1 had a 35% (95% CI: 36-56) lower risk of type 2 @entity6 per unit increase in body image. CONCLUSIONS: Obese individuals seem to underestimate their body shape. However, having a realistic body image (higher self-perceived @entity28 ) is independently associated with lower @entity6 risk. Self-perceived body image might serve as a valuable tool for type 2 @entity6 risk assessment.

title: Association of self-perceived body image with body mass index and type 2 XXXX -The ADDITION-PRO study.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['pre-diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of @entity172 receptor beta ( @entity1783 ) is a potentially interesting prognostic marker and therapeutic target in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Although the expression of @entity1783 has been reported to correlate with better prognosis of @entity1149 in most literatures, some controversies still exist. Since the limited @entity1 numbers within independent studies, here we performed a meta-analysis to clarify the correlations between @entity1783 expression and prognosis in @entity1149 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a final analysis of 2279 @entity1 from 14 evaluable studies for Prognostic Value of overexpression @entity1783 (up to October 2014). Data from eligible studies were extracted and included into meta-analysis using a random effects model. Studies were pooled. Summary hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. RESULTS: Our study shows that the pooled hazard ratio (HR) of overexpression @entity1783 for overall survival in @entity1149 was 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-0.98] by univariate analysis and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.70-1.61) by multivariate analysis. Pooled HR in American and Japan was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.95-1.25, P=0.239) from 6 studies reported, however, pooled HR was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.46-0.70) outside of American and Japan from 8 studies reported. Pooled HR was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60-0.94) from 6 studies reported for N- @entity1783 and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.51-1.12) from 6 Studies reported for C- @entity1783 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggested @entity1783 was significant associated with good overall survival in @entity1 with @entity1149 on univariate analysis but not multivariate analysis. @entity1783 expression is a good prognostic outcome outside of American and Japan. Overexpression of N- @entity1783 @entity1149 @entity1 had better survival. Large prospective studies are now needed to confirm the clinical utility of @entity1783 as an independent prognostic marker.

title: Overexpression of XXXX receptor beta is a prognostic marker in @entity1149 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean basin is an endemic region of leishmaniasis caused by @entity13556 . With the advent of @entity1 immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the number of cases of visceral leishmaniasis has dramatically increased in this area over the last years, mainly in adults. Moreover, the presence of cutaneous lesions infested with @entity13556 has been frequently reported in these @entity1 . CASE-REPORT: A 35-year-old Portuguese @entity1 , a former intravenous drug user @entity2858 -positive since 1997, developed visceral leishmaniasis in 2000, with several relapses in 2001 and 2002, treated successively with pentavalent antimonial salts (Glucantime), liposomal @entity2379 and @entity17004 associated with @entity2059 . Several weeks after therapy for the second relapse of visceral leishmaniasis, physical examination revealed asymptomatic erythematous papules on the face that later spread to the trunk and upper limbs. Histopathologic studies of a skin biopsy revealed a granulomatous infiltrate in the dermis with the presence of @entity13556 amastigotes. After culture, the parasite was identified as @entity13556 MON-1. In spite of improvement of the @entity1 's visceral leishmaniasis with the above-mentioned treatment, the cutaneous lesions became increasingly numerous and infiltrated. After 2 months of therapy with intravenous @entity7341 (4 mg/kg/3 times a week) and oral @entity3761 (100 mg b.i.d), the cutaneous lesions disappeared completely. Prevention with @entity3761 was successfully maintained for 6 months. Several weeks after discontinuation of treatment, further lesions appeared. The @entity1 improved again on reintroduction of @entity3761 . DISCUSSION: This case confirmed the existence of a clinical form similar to post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in a @entity1 co-infected with @entity13556 MON-1/ @entity645 . The cutaneous lesions were resistant to classical antileishmanial drugs but disappeared on treatment with @entity3761 .

title: [ @entity13556 / XXXX co-infection: cutaneous lesions following treatment of visceral leishmaniasis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity17004 :: ('MESH:C005278', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucantime']

entities_list: @entity13556 :: ('5671', 'Species') :: ['L. infantum', 'Leishmania infantum', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity7341 :: ('MESH:D010419', 'Chemical') :: ['pentamidine']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3538 (ICA) angioplasty and @entity932 may be a safe and efficacious therapeutic option for recanalization of a subset of @entity432 termed tandem occlusions of Internal carotid artery and Middle cerebral artery (TIM). BACKGROUND: Approximately 25% of @entity1 with @entity2500 will have a concomitant @entity432 and 50% of @entity1 with an @entity432 will have a proximal @entity2500 . Cervical @entity432 with MCA @entity432 is associated with a low rate of recanalization and poor outcome after intravenous thrombolysis. We report our experience on acute @entity385 @entity1 with TIM occlusion treated with @entity3538 /stenting and @entity932 and/or standard intravenous thrombolysis. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 7 @entity1 from our @entity64 database was done. 6 @entity1 of the 7 @entity1 were treated with @entity3538 and @entity932 and/or intravenous thrombolysis. We examined early neurological improvement (defined by a reduction of National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) > 8 points). We also evaluated the rate of successful recanalization based on thrombolysis in @entity385 (TICI) score of 2b or 3. RESULTS: All but one of the 6 treated @entity1 achieved a TICI score of 2b or 3 signifying successful recanalization. In addition, treated @entity1 had an early reduction of their NIHSS by greater than 8 points. The 1 @entity1 who did not to achieve TICI 2b or 3 also failed to show early neurological improvement. Four of the treated @entity1 had a follow up NIHSS at 90 days of 1 or less and mRS at 90 days of 0. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of tandem occlusions of ICA and MCA, multimodal therapy consistent of intravenous thrombolysis and/or extracranial ICA stenting and @entity932 to achieve recanalization may be a safe and efficacious therapeutic option for recanalization. Further prospective studies are warranted.

title: Endovascular treatment of tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial thrombectomy']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion', 'middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial ICA angioplasty', 'Extracranial internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions', 'embolic occlusion', 'ICA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusions']


abstract: We describe serial computed tomographic (CT) findings of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-induced @entity651 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cases of 8 @entity1 (3 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ; mean age 58.6 years, range 16 to 75 years) of clinically diagnosed @entity1500 -induced @entity651 were reviewed. Six @entity1 had @entity309 , 1 had @entity30338 , and 1 had @entity309 . CT findings on admission and at follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: The most common CT features were diffuse and patchy bilateral ground-glass opacity with (n = 3) or without reticulation (n = 4) and consolidation (n = 1). These @entity231 showed no predilection for any particular lung zone in 6 @entity1 but did show dependent predilection in 1 @entity1 and upper lobe predilection in 1. Diffuse centrilobular ill-defined nodules were noted in 1 @entity1 , which disappeared on follow-up. During the average post-treatment follow-up period of 31.0 days (range 3 to 76 days), the @entity231 quickly improved after treatment in 6 @entity1 ; however, in 2 @entity1 with pre-existing @entity401 the @entity231 were refractory. CONCLUSION: CT features of @entity1500 -induced @entity651 were variable and included diffuse parenchymal opacification, @entity231 , and centrilobular nodules. These @entity231 usually responded quickly to treatment; however, those @entity1 with lung @entity82 at presentation may have worse prognosis.

title: @entity1499 -induced XXXX : serial CT findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacities', 'reticular opacities']

entities_list: @entity30338 :: ('MESH:D015435', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematosus profundus']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['pulmonary injury']


abstract: Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) and @entity4020 ( @entity4020 ) have both been individually used for the intravesical treatment of @entity150 . We report our experience on the therapeutic efficacy and @entity137 of combined intravesical BCG plus @entity4020 for treating @entity150 , including @entity1 failing previous BCG therapy. Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity150 underwent 6 weekly treatments with full-, one-third, or one-tenth-dose of BCG plus 50 or 100 MU of @entity4020 based on prior BCG exposure and tolerance. @entity1 with no evidence of disease proceeded onto maintenance therapy of 3 weekly treatments at 3 months followed by 2 additional maintenance cycles given 6 months apart. Response was assessed by cystoscopy/biopsy every 3 months after treatment. Before BCG plus @entity4020 treatment, 20 @entity1 (63%) had previously failed intravesical BCG therapy, 27 (84%) had @entity146 (stage T1, grade 3, or @entity189 in situ), 27 (84%) had recurrent disease, 14 (44%) had @entity66 , and 6 (19%) had disease of over 4 years duration. At median follow-up of 22 months, 21 @entity1 (66%) remain disease-free and 11 @entity1 (34%) had disease-recurrence. Nineteen of 32 @entity1 (59%) were disease-free after the initial induction cycle. Six of 11 @entity1 55% ultimately failing combination therapy did so at the first 3 to 4 month evaluation. Four of 7 @entity1 (57%) benefited from salvage re-induction therapy. Of the 20 @entity1 previously treated with BCG, 12 @entity1 (60%) remain disease-free. Combination BCG plus @entity4020 intravesical therapy was well tolerated. Combination intravesical BCG plus @entity4020 is an effective and tolerable alternative for @entity1 with @entity150 , including those @entity1 in whom intravesical BCG therapy had previously failed. Benefits of this combination therapy may include potentially less morbidity, improved clinical efficacy, and in the long term, fewer @entity1 undergoing radical therapy. However, radical treatment options should be pursued for early failures of this combination regimen in those @entity1 with risk factors for recurrence and progression.

title: Bacillus Calmete-Gu  rin plus @entity4020 intravesical therapy maintains an extended treatment plan for @entity150 with minimal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['superficial bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-alpha2B', 'IFN-alpha2B']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Nexus coils are a type of bioactive coil used to embolize @entity438 . The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of the noninvasive follow-up of @entity439 treated with Nexus coils by means of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) MRA images of @entity1 treated with Nexus coils (the Nexus coil group) or bare @entity902 coils (the control group) were compared for the severity and frequency of artifacts. The reviewers were unaware of the coil types used. In the Nexus coil group, 17 MRA examinations were performed in 14 @entity1 harboring 15 @entity439 treated with Nexus coils using 3-T (n = 11) and 1.5-T (n = 6) MR units. The findings of these examinations were compared to those of 28 MRA studies conducted on 24 control @entity1 (bare @entity902 coils). Conventional angiograms, maximum intensity projections, and source data of 3D- @entity1054 MRA were reviewed in terms of residual flow within @entity439 and parent arterial patencies. The qualities of the MRA images were rated from grade 0 (no significant signal loss) to grade 2 ( @entity2319 ). The normalized ratio, defined as the diameter of signal loss on MRA axial source images (in mm) divided by that of coil mass on plain radiographs (in mm), was calculated to compare the sizes of coil-related artifacts in the two groups. RESULTS: The quality of the MRA image for the Nexus coil group was significantly poorer than that for the control group (p < 0.0001) due to signal loss caused by the presence of artifacts in the former. In particular, the interpretation of aneurysmal status was impossible in all cases of @entity439 due to segmental signal loss. The sizes of the MRA artifacts were also significantly larger in the Nexus coil group (normalized ratio 1.61 +/- 0.22 vs. 1.15 +/- 0.20; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Follow-up evaluations by 3D- @entity1054 MRA of @entity439 treated with Nexus coils are severely limited.

title: MR angiographic evaluation is limited in XXXX embolized with Nexus coils.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['complete segmental signal loss of the parent artery']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'coiled aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time-of-flight', 'TOF']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between daily use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Subjects were 50- to 79-year-old white @entity1 randomly selected in January 1990 from the Olmsted County, Minnesota, community (n=1362) from among @entity1 in a longitudinal study of lower urinary tract symptoms. At the beginning of the study, all medications that were used daily, including prescription and nonprescription NSAIDs, were ascertained by trained interviewers. @entity1 who developed a histologically proved diagnosis of @entity263 during a median of 66 months (maximum, 6 years) of follow-up were identified from a complete review of the community medical record. RESULTS: Twenty-three (4%) of 569 NSAID users and 68 (9%) of 793 nonusers developed @entity263 during follow-up (P=.001). The relative odds of @entity263 were 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.73) in NSAID users compared with nonusers. This inverse association with NSAID use increased with increasing age at study onset. Thus, the relative odds of @entity263 among NSAID users were 0.9 (95% CI, 0.4-2.2) in @entity1 aged 50 to 59 years, 0.4 (95% CI, 0.2-0.8) in @entity1 aged 60 to 69 years, and 0.2 (95% CI, 0.1-0.5) in @entity1 aged 70 to 79 years compared with similarly aged @entity1 who did not use NSAIDs. CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest that daily use of NSAIDs may be associated with a lower incidence of @entity263 in @entity1 aged 60 years or older. The stronger effect among older @entity1 suggests that NSAIDs may prevent the progression of @entity263 from latent to clinical disease.

title: A population-based study of daily nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The high-resolution microendoscope (HRME) is a novel imaging modality that allows real-time epithelial imaging at subcellular resolution. Used in concert with any standard endoscope, this portable, low cost, "optical biopsy" technology has the ability to provide images of cellular morphology during a procedure. This technology has been the subject of a number of studies investigating its use in screening and surveillance of a range of @entity344 , including @entity420 , @entity1544 , @entity14 , and anal @entity5 . These studies have shown that HRME is a modality that consistently provides high specificity, negative predictive value, and accuracy across different diseases. In addition, they have illustrated that HRME users can be relatively easily trained in a short period of time, and that users have demonstrated solid inter-rater reliability. These features make HRME a potential complement to high-definition white-light imaging, narrow-band imaging, and other red flag technologies in facilitating real-time clinical diagnosis, endoscopic therapy, and margin determination. Further clinical validation is needed to determine whether this translates to reduced procedure times, pathology costs, and follow-up procedures. Finally, the HRME has a relatively simple design compared with other similar technologies, making it portable, simple to maintain, and low cost. This may allow the HRME device to function in both advanced care settings as well as in places with less resources and specialized support systems. As a whole, the HRME device has shown good performance along with low cost and portable construction, and its application in different conditions and settings has been promising.

title: Applications and Advancements in the Use of High-resolution Microendoscopy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Detection of Gastrointestinal Neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity67454 ( @entity34232 ) is one of major active components in the well-known oriental herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f) Nees which belongs to the Acanthaceae family. @entity34232 is used for the treatment of @entity281 in China. However, @entity34232 has not been found to significantly inhibit bacterial and viral growth directly. The current study investigates the effect of @entity34232 on the expression of @entity1 b -defensin-2 ( @entity15875 ) in @entity1 intestinal epithelial cells and the possible signaling pathways. METHODS: @entity1 intestinal epithelial HCT-116 cells were incubated with 1-100  M @entity34232 for 2-24 h. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to assess the expression of @entity15875 . The specific inhibitors were used and the levels of phosphorylation of signaling molecules were detected for dissecting the signaling pathways leading to the induction of @entity15875 . RESULTS: @entity98 assay showed there was no obvious @entity137 for HCT-116 cells by 1-100  M @entity34232 treatment. RT-PCR and Western blot assays showed that @entity34232 (1-100  M) could up-regulate the expression of @entity15875 , and the effect lasted longer than 24 h. By using @entity1441 and @entity4285 (inhibitors of @entity1435 ), the enhancement of @entity15875 expression were significantly attenuated. However, inhibitor of @entity3963 and inhibitor of @entity4675 could not block the effect of @entity34232 . Furthermore, Western blot found activation of @entity1435 but not @entity3963 and @entity4675 in @entity34232 -treated HCT-116 cells. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that @entity34232 enhanced innate immunity of intestinal tract by up-regulating the expression of @entity15875 through the @entity1435 MAPK pathways.

title: @entity67454 enhances innate immunity of intestinal tract through up-regulation the expression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity67454 :: ('MESH:C478098', 'Chemical') :: ['Dehydroandrographolide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity15875 :: (1673,Gene) :: ['hBD-2']


abstract: This study is aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) for individuals living with @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV)/acquired @entity465 ( @entity791 ) in Hubei province-central China by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument (Chinese version). One hundred and thirty six respondents ( @entity645 / @entity791 individuals) attending out- @entity1 department of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese CDC) were administered a structured questionnaire developed by investigators. QOL was evaluated by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument (Chinese version). The results showed that the mean score of overall QOL on a scale of 0-100 was 25.8. The mean scores in 4 domains of QOL on a scale of 0-100 were 82.9 (social domain), 27.5 (psychological domain), 17.7 (physical domain) and 11.65 (environmental domain). The significant difference of QOL was noted in the score of physical domain between asymptomatic (14.6) and early symptomatic individuals (12) (P=0.014), and between @entity1 with early symptoms (12) and those with @entity791 (10.43) (P<0.001). QOL in psychological domain was significantly lower in early symptomatic (12.1) (P<0.05) and @entity791 @entity1 (12.4) (P<0.006) than in asymptomatic individuals (14.2). The difference in QOL scores in the psychological domain was significant with respect to the income of @entity1 (P<0.048) and educational status (P<0.037). Significantly better QOL scores in the physical domain (P<0.040) and environmental domain (P<0.017) were noted with respect to the occupation of the @entity1 . @entity1 with family support had better QOL scores in environmental domain. In our research, QOL for @entity645 / @entity791 individuals was associated with education, occupation, income, family support and clinical categories of the @entity1 . It was concluded that WHOQOL-BREF Chinese version was successfully used in the evaluation of QOL of @entity645 / @entity791 individuals in Chinese population and proved to be a reliable and useful tool.

title: The univariate and bivariate impact of @entity645 / XXXX on the quality of life: a cross sectional study in the Hubei Province-Central China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency syndrome', 'immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: In a large number of cases, the etiology of @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is not established. Some cases are probably caused by @entity328 . @entity1173 ( @entity1173 ) culture has a limited sensitivity which might be improved by antigen detection or gene amplification techniques. We evaluated the capacity of a PCR assay and a latex agglutination test to detect @entity2260 in samples obtained by @entity1173 from 95 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity497 . Latex agglutination and PCR had sensitivities of 52.2 and 91.3%, specificities of 88.7 and 83.3%, positive predictive values of 62.3 and 65.6%, and negative predictive values of 83.3 and 96.5%, respectively, when culture techniques were used as the "gold standard." When we considered expanded criteria for the diagnosis of @entity2258 as a standard for our calculations, latex agglutination and PCR had sensitivities of 53.6 and 89.7%, specificities of 93.0 and 90.0%, positive predictive values of 78.9 and 81.3%, and negative predictive values of 80.3 and 94.7%, respectively. The additional diagnosis provided by the PCR assay compared to latex agglutination was 12.2% (95% confidence interval of the difference from 0.4 to 20. 1%). PCR was more sensitive than @entity1173 culture, particularly in @entity1 who had received prior antibiotic therapy (83.3 versus 33. 3%). Although PCR is a very sensitive and specific technique, it has not proved to be cost-effective in clinical practice. Conversely, latex agglutination is a fast and simple method whose results might have significant implications for initial antibiotic therapy.

title: Usefulness of PCR and antigen latex agglutination test with samples obtained by transthoracic needle aspiration for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['TNA', 'Transthoracic needle aspiration']

answer: @entity2258 :: (MESH:D011018,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of @entity7855 for the treatment of @entity323 ( @entity323 ) in a clinical practice setting; to evaluate the correlation between @entity1 and partner perceptions of treatment outcomes; and to assess the relation between the severity of @entity323 and response to treatment. METHODS: Among the first 100 @entity1 to receive @entity7855 in a urology practice setting, 74 (mean + SD age 64+/-11 years) completed a validated sexual function questionnaire (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]) before and after a 4 to 6-week treatment period. A modified version of the same questionnaire was independently completed by partners. @entity323 was categorized into a severity class of I to IV. RESULTS: @entity7855 treatment improved erections by 71% to 95%, according to responses in key IIEF questions 3 and 4. Overall, 57 (77%) of 74 @entity1 desired to continue treatment after the test period. @entity1 score on the IIEF was correlated with partner score on the modified questionnaire before and after treatment (r = 0.67 to 0.81, P <0.01). IIEF scores were reflected in a simple severity classification system. @entity1 with the best preservation of erections (severity class I) exhibited the best responses to @entity7855 , whereas @entity1 with no erections (severity class IV) were much less likely to respond to the drug and desire continuation of treatment (P <0.01). @entity1 with a radical prostatectomy were relatively refractory to @entity7855 , except for 2 of 5 who had undergone a nerve-sparing operation. CONCLUSIONS: In clinical practice, @entity7855 is an effective treatment of @entity323 , according to partner-validated questionnaire responses; and the results of treatment are predictable with an @entity323 severity classification system.

title: Treatment of @entity323 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intraductal papillary mucinous @entity5 are mucin-producing cystic @entity5 of the @entity788 . One-third are associated with @entity189 . We examined the benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for this cohort. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 who had undergone pancreatic resection at Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1999 and 2004 were reviewed. Of these @entity1 , 83 with a resected pancreatic mass were found to have an @entity4929 with @entity189 , 70 of whom met inclusion criteria for the present analysis. RESULTS: The median age at surgery was 68 years. The median @entity5 size was 3.3 cm, and @entity189 was present at the margin in 16% of the @entity1 . Of the 70 @entity1 , 50% had @entity3 to the lymph nodes and 64% had @entity34 . The median survival was 28.0 months, and 2- and 5-year survival rate was 57% and 45%, respectively. Of the 70 @entity1 , 40 had undergone adjuvant CRT. Those receiving CRT were more likely to have lymph node @entity3 , perineural invasion, and @entity5 . The 2-year survival rate after surgery with vs. without CRT was 55.8% vs. 59.3%, respectively (p = NS). @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 or positive surgical margins benefited significantly from CRT (p = .047 and p = .042, respectively). On multivariate analysis, adjuvant CRT was associated with improved survival, with a relative risk of 0.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.95; p = .044) after adjusting for major confounders. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant CRT conferred a 57% decrease in the relative risk of mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity4929 with an associated invasive component after adjusting for major confounders. @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 or positive margins appeared to particularly benefit from CRT after definitive surgery.

title: Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after pancreatic resection for XXXX associated with @entity4929 of the @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage II-III disease', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['invasive carcinoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different supplements to the basic IVM medium (TCM199) on the efficiency of @entity291 oocyte maturation and blastocyst production, and the incidence of apoptosis in both oocytes and blastocysts. Two protein supplements ( @entity4434 and fafBSA) and a macromolecule ( @entity4280 ) were compared in a 3 treatmentsx9 replicates design. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured for 24h in TCM199 medium supplemented with 10% @entity4434 , 6% fafBSA or 4% @entity4280 (50-70 COCs in each treatment/replicate), then inseminated and cultured in vitro for 8 days. Immature and mature oocytes as well as Day 8 blastocysts were subjected to TUNEL analysis. Cleavage rate was monitored on Day 2 post-insemination (pi), whereas blastocyst yield on Day 8 pi. The composition of maturation media did not affect zygotic cleavage rate on Day 2 (on average 71.0%), however the blastocyst rate on Day 8 pi was significantly lower (P<0.001) for embryos derived from oocytes matured with @entity4280 (16.0%) than for those matured with @entity4434 (22.4%) or fafBSA (22.1%). The rate of TUNEL positive oocytes differed significantly between immature (1.4%) and mature (11.2%) oocytes (P<0.01). Supplements to maturation medium were not related to the incidence of apoptosis in mature oocytes (11.2%) and the rate of oocytes at the second metaphase stage (71.5%). Cumulus cell expansion was reduced by maturation in medium supplemented with @entity4280 . This macromolecule was also correlated with higher apoptotic index in blastocysts (5.8%) when compared to @entity4434 (3.2%) and fafBSA (3.1%; P<0.001). In conclusion, lower blastocyst rate and elevated apoptotic index in embryos derived from oocytes matured with @entity4280 may suggest that synthetic macromolecule provides less balanced environment for oocyte maturation and therefore should be treated with caution.

title: Supplements to in vitro maturation media affect the production of XXXX blastocysts and their apoptotic index but not the proportions of matured and apoptotic oocytes.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']