abstract: @entity859 is an inhibitory neuromodulator that exerts antiepileptic effects in the brain and the entorhinal cortex (EC) is an essential structure involved in @entity1315 . Whereas microinjection of @entity859 into the EC has been shown to exert powerful antiepileptic effects, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms in the EC have not been determined yet. We tested the hypothesis that @entity859 -mediated modulation of synaptic transmission contributes to its antiepileptic effects in the EC. Our results demonstrate that @entity859 reversibly inhibited glutamatergic transmission via activation of @entity859 A1 receptors without effects on GABAergic transmission in @entity528 in the EC. @entity859 -induced @entity308 of glutamatergic transmission was mediated by inhibiting presynaptic @entity2227 release probability and decreasing the number of readily releasable vesicles. Bath application of @entity859 also reduced the frequency of the miniature EPSCs recorded in the presence of @entity4524 suggesting that @entity859 may interact with the exocytosis processes downstream of @entity141 influx. Both Gai/o proteins and the protein kinase A pathway were required for @entity859 -induced @entity308 of glutamatergic transmission. We further showed that bath application of @entity5094 to the EC slices induced stable @entity302 and bath application of @entity859 dose-dependently inhibited the @entity302 in this @entity410 model. @entity859 -mediated @entity308 of @entity302 was mediated by activation of @entity859 A1 receptors and required the functions of Gai/o proteins and protein kinase A pathway. Our results suggest that the @entity308 of glutamatergic transmission induced by @entity859 contributes to its antiepileptic effects in the EC.

title: Adenosinergic XXXX of glutamatergic transmission in the entorhinal cortex of juvenile rats via reduction of @entity2227 release probability and the number of releasable vesicles.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['layer III pyramidal neurons']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: In living donor liver transplantation, graft size is very important, and various studies have been conducted regarding these problems in small-for-size (SFS) grafts. The administration of immunosuppressants for SFS graft, in which the functional liver mass is small and necessary for excessive @entity409 , has not been reported so far. The aims of this study were to investigate the optimal administration of @entity205 (CyA) and characteristics of metabolism of CyA, according to liver volume. Seven-week-old male Wister @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups: two CyA-administered groups (CyA groups), 70% and 90% hepatectomy (Hx); and two control groups, 70% and 90% Hx. The 70% Hx and 90% Hx were used as the surrogate model of SFS for 30% and 10% graft models. In CyA groups, CyA (5 mg/kg/day) was given for 3 days before Hx and after surgery until sacrifice. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr after Hx. The blood concentration of CyA and the expression of the @entity12284 gene were measured at each point in CyA groups, and @entity409 was evaluated by measuring the ratio of remnant liver weight to body weight in each group. Regarding the blood concentration of CyA, no difference was recognized between 30% and 10% graft models except for 72 hr after Hx. As for @entity409 , no significant difference was recognized. Regarding the expression of @entity12284 , no change was noted in the 30% graft model; on the other hand, @entity12284 expression was reduced. Significant differences between the 30% and the 10% graft model were observed 48 and 72 hr after Hx. The blood concentration of CyA was not dependent on the volume of the liver graft.

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX after massive hepatectomy: a hint for small-for-size graft in living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine A']


abstract: The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes importantly to the development of in-stent restenosis. @entity1091 has recently been shown to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, but its actions in VSMCs and the direct molecular target responsible for its action remains unknown. On the other hand, @entity6217 is a transcriptional coactivator which negatively regulates the pathological activation of VSMCs. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to determine if @entity13557 ( @entity4113 ) retards VSMC proliferation and migration and if @entity6217 mediates the effects of @entity1091 on VSMCs. We found that pretreatment of @entity4113 increased @entity6217 protein expression and nuclear translocation in a dose-dependent manner. @entity98 and @entity10081 incorporation assays indicated that @entity4113 inhibited serum-induced VSMC proliferation. Similarly, deceleration of VSMC migration was confirmed by wound healing and transwell assays. @entity4113 also suppressed ROS generation and cell cycle progression. At the molecular level, @entity4113 reduced the protein expression levels or phosphorylation of key regulators involved in the cell cycle re-entry, adhesion, @entity32 and motility. In addition, in vivo administration of @entity4113 alleviated the pathophysiological changes in balloon injury-induced @entity1373 . More importantly, knockdown of @entity6217 by siRNA significantly attenuated the beneficial effects of @entity4113 on VSMCs both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that @entity4113 has great potentials in the prevention and treatment of @entity65 related to VSMC abnormal proliferation and migration. In addition, @entity6217 may serve as a promising drug target to regulate cardiovascular physiological homeostasis.

title: XXXX inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and alleviates injury-induced neointimal @entity1373 via induction of @entity6217 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['neointima hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity13557 :: (MESH:D018021,Chemical) :: ['Lithium chloride']


abstract: A retrospective study of adults with @entity6924 assessed at a tertiary referral center was performed to identify clinical characteristics and establish prognostic determinants. Mortality and cause of @entity204 are reported with baseline clinical data correlated with mortality to identify predictors of @entity204 . Clinical events during follow-up, including @entity712 , @entity943 , @entity5492 , and @entity1163 were also reviewed. A total of 109 adults with @entity6924 (mean +/- SD age 29 +/- 11 years, 43% @entity1 ) were followed for a median of 6.3 years. Sixty-six @entity1 (61%) had simple cardiac anatomy (13 @entity118 , 43 @entity1757 , 10 @entity2461 ). The remainder (43 @entity1 ) had complex cardiac anatomy (including @entity474 , truncus arteriosus, @entity3886 ). There were 33 deaths and 9 transplantations during follow-up. Median survival was 53 years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified age at presentation (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90), @entity943 (HR 3.44), precordial electrocardiogram voltage (HR 1.61/mV increase), and poor New York Heart Association functional class (HR 2.60) as independent predictors of mortality. There is a large variation in the life expectancy for adults with @entity6924 . Baseline characteristics associated with increased mortality include younger age at presentation (associated with complex anatomy), functional class, @entity943 , and an electrocardiogram index for @entity8158 .

title: Determinants of survival and length of survival in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia', 'supraventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['univentricular heart, and transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5492 :: ('MESH:D006469', 'Disease') :: ['hemoptysis']

answer: @entity6924 :: (MESH:D004541,Disease) :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A critical challenge for physicians facing @entity1 presenting with signs and symptoms of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is how and where to best manage them. Currently, most @entity1 evaluated for @entity712 are admitted to the hospital, yet not all warrant inpatient care. Up to 50% of admissions could be potentially avoided and many admitted @entity1 could be discharged after a short period of observation and treatment. Methods for identifying @entity1 that can be sent home early are lacking. Improving the physician's ability to identify and safely manage low-risk @entity1 is essential to avoiding unnecessary use of hospital beds. METHODS: Two studies (STRATIFY and DECIDE) have been funded by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute with the goal of developing prediction rules to facilitate early decision making in @entity712 . Using prospectively gathered evaluation and treatment data from the acute setting (STRATIFY) and early inpatient stay (DECIDE), rules will be generated to predict risk for @entity204 and serious complications. Subsequent studies will be designed to test the external validity, utility, generalizability and cost-effectiveness of these prediction rules in different acute care environments representing racially and socioeconomically diverse @entity1 populations. RESULTS: A major innovation is prediction of 5-day as well as 30-day outcomes, overcoming the limitation that 30-day outcomes are highly dependent on unpredictable, post-visit @entity1 and provider behavior. A novel aspect of the proposed project is the use of a comprehensive cardiology review to correctly assign post-treatment outcomes to the acute presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, a rigorous analysis plan has been developed to construct the prediction rules that will maximally extract both the statistical and clinical properties of every data element. Upon completion of this study we will subsequently externally test the prediction rules in a heterogeneous @entity1 cohort.

title: Risk stratification in XXXX : rationale and design of the STRATIFY and DECIDE studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['AHF', 'acute heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute heart failure']


abstract: Varied conditions associated with immune activation (rheumatic, infectious and malignant) are associated with a syndrome characterized by selective erythropoietic suppression. The pathogenesis of this @entity417 is unknown. We have cultured intact marrows from 11 @entity1 and found decreased erythroid colony forming activity (CFU-E: colony forming unit-erythroid; p < 0.01). We analyzed sera from 23 @entity1 with infectious, @entity627 for their ability to render normal @entity1 T lymphocytes inhibitory to autologous CFU-E and burst forming unit-erythroid in vitro. Following exposure to serum from some anemic @entity1 , normal T cells were observed to inhibit autologous CFU-E when compared to the effect elicited by T cells incubated with heterologous normal serum. Pooled data from 19 (7 not anemic, 12 anemic) serum samples using 8 different normal T cell and marrow donors revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) between each @entity1 's hemoglobin level and the ability of his/her serum to render T cells suppressive to CFU-E in vitro. The suppression mediated by patient serum exposed T cells on autologous CFU-E could be ameliorated by increased concentrations of @entity1307 . The serum factor was heat stable (56 degrees C) and could not be eliminated by neutralizing antibody to either gamma-interferon or @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha. We conclude that some @entity1 with @entity417 of @entity32 may have a circulating factor(s) which renders normal T lymphocytes suppressive to autologous CFU-E in vitro. The presence of a circulating serum factor in these @entity1 may help explain how inflammatory events distant from the marrow mediate the erythropoietic suppression characteristic of this syndrome.

title: XXXX of @entity32 : role of T lymphocyte activating factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic and malignant disorders']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: The discovery of the @entity1722 / @entity1722 proto-oncogene and its role in the pathogenesis of @entity0 , and the development of the anti- @entity1722 monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA), directed against the @entity1722 receptor represent major milestones in the research developments in @entity0 , making trastuzumab the first monoclonal antibody available for treatment of this disease. Clinical trials in @entity1722 -positive @entity1 have demonstrated that the combined use of targeted therapy with trastuzumab in conjunction with cytotoxic chemotherapy is associated with improved time to disease progression and overall survival. Unfortunately, findings also demonstrate an increased risk for @entity1370 when trastuzumab is combined with @entity8253 . For @entity1722 / @entity1722 -overexpressing @entity0 @entity1 , the adjuvant use of trastuzumab will become paramount; therefore, it must be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. There is disagreement regarding the design of such a trial, largely because of the ubiquitous use of @entity8253 in the adjuvant setting and the opposing necessity of avoiding @entity4349 plus trastuzumab combinations. Combination index values for various chemotherapeutic drugs in combination with trastuzumab demonstrate dramatic synergistic interactions with the @entity902 agents and with @entity1205 (Taxotere; Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Parsippany, NJ). The greatest level of synergy has been demonstrated with the triple-drug combination of @entity1205 , @entity902 , and trastuzumab in which synergy is demonstrated, even at low doses. The adjuvant trial design for the Breast Cancer International Research Group uses a control arm of @entity632 / @entity786 for four cycles followed by @entity1205 for four cycles and the second arm contains the addition of trastuzumab to the @entity3907 sequence. The third arm, a non- @entity4349 -containing regimen, contains @entity1205 , a @entity902 agent (either @entity900 or @entity3003 ), and trastuzumab. The rationale for the selection of this three-drug regimen is based on the biology of the system and preclinical and clinical findings that demonstrate a high potential for clinical synergy.

title: Rationale for trastuzumab (Herceptin) in adjuvant XXXX trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer tumors']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We describe the karyotypes of nine @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ). Four @entity5 were initially karyotyped from diagnostic needle core biopsies, 3 after postchemotherapy @entity5 resection and the remainder from xenografts grown in @entity19 . The 9 @entity3969 were composed of 7 with favorable histology (intermediate-grade @entity5 ) and 2 with unfavorable histology (anaplastic or high-grade @entity5 ). The 7 @entity5 with favorable histology had karyotypes typical of @entity3969 , with the previously described nonrandom abnormalities +1q, +6, +7, +8, +12, +13, +18 and structural abnormalities of 1p and 16q present in at least 1 case. The most common @entity854 (4 cases) and +1q (3 cases). The 2 @entity5 with unfavorable histology both had complex karyotypes atypical for @entity3969 . We suggest that cytogenetics can act as a marker when histologic grade is in doubt. Karyotypic analysis from needle core biopsies was attempted in 6 samples, including 1 from a @entity21781 ( @entity21781 ) of the nonaffected kidney and provided a result on 5 occasions. The @entity21781 were present in the sole case with a constitutional abnormality, a mosaic partial duplication of 8q. However, both the @entity5 and the @entity21781 were apparently derived from the normal cell line. Here we demonstrate that a cytogenetic result can be routinely obtained from needle core biopsies and will thus facilitate true diagnostic @entity5 karyotypes in both @entity5 .

title: Routine karyotyping in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'WT and other tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities were trisomy 18']

entities_list: @entity21781 :: ('MESH:C564305', 'Disease') :: ['NR', 'nephrogenic rest']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumors', 'WT', 'nephroblastomas']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms tumor']


abstract: Dietary conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) has been investigated for its beneficial effects on disease prevention and treatment, and now @entity28 is one of the most perspective researching highlights. In a variety of experimental models, the results of studies on the effects of @entity13357 on food intakes are somewhat inconsistent. Our experiment was conducted to extend these observations to @entity2339 and other regions within the central nervous system so that the mechanism of the actions of CLA might be more easily elucidated. In the experiment, a permanent cannula was inserted into the lateral ventricle of each @entity35 . For the experiment, animals received intracerebroventricular injections of either 150nmol (n=16) CLA, or LA as non-conjugated control, or normal saline as vehicle. @entity2339 and blood samples were collected at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 14th day. The results show that CLA in cerebral ventricle can inhibit food intake of experimented @entity35 and this inhibition is related with the decreased expression of neuropeptides Y ( @entity10969 ) and agouti-related protein ( @entity26473 ). The circulating leptin level was also increased by this tentative treatment (2.94+/-0.71 versus 1.18+/-0.18ng/ml). However, the @entity413 metabolism was not affected by ICV CLA. It is concluded that CLA in brain can inhibit the appetite of @entity35 through the mechanism of decreasing the expression of @entity10969 and @entity26473 .

title: Intracerebroventricular administration of conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) inhibits food intake by decreasing gene expression of XXXX and @entity26473 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus', 'Hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity10969 :: (24604(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NPY']


abstract: The electrophoresis patterns of gonococcal cell proteins were assessed as an aid to @entity2954 . Lyophilized gonococci were extracted in heated @entity31092 with @entity6514 . The solubilized gonococcal cell proteins were subjected to alkaline @entity3208 gel electrophoresis, and the resulting patterns were scanned with a spectrophotometer. The electrophoresis patterns were judged to be alike by superimposition of the gel scans. Gonococci thus compared were also auxotyped and tested for sensitivity to @entity114 , @entity869 , @entity803 , and @entity6760 . The electrophoresis patterns were reproducible and not affected by serial subculture of the isolates. Patterns from nongonococcal Neisseria species did not resemble those of gonococci. To test the utility of the electrophoresis patterns, duplicate isolates were made from 12 cultures of @entity6368 . After randomization and blind coding of the 24 isolates, all were successfully matched by their electrophoresis patterns. Cervical-rectal paired isolates from 45 @entity1 were studied by means of their electrophoresis patterns, auxotypes, and results of antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results indicated that the electrophoresis patterns are useful in characterizing paired isolates of gonococci.

title: Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins of XXXX as an epidemiological tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal epidemiology']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity31092 :: ('MESH:C028913', 'Chemical') :: ['lauryl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To ensure optimal care for @entity1 with @entity161 , antipsychotic medications must be appropriately prescribed and used. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to identify and describe pathways for antipsychotic prescribing, assess the consistency of observed pathways with treatment guidelines, and describe variability across facilities. METHODS: Data from Veterans Affairs administrative data sets from fiscal year (FY) 2003 to FY 2007 were gathered for analysis in this retrospective cohort study of antipsychotic prescribing pathways among 13 facilities across two regional networks. @entity1 with a new episode of care for @entity161 or @entity914 in FY 2005 were identified, and antipsychotic prescribing history was obtained for two years before and after the index diagnosis. Demographic characteristics and distribution of comorbidities were assessed. Median medical center rates of polypharmacy were calculated and compared with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of 1,923 @entity1 with a new episode of @entity161 care, 1,003 (52%) had complete data on prescribing pathways. A majority (74%) of @entity1 were prescribed antipsychotic monotherapy, and 19% received antipsychotic polypharmacy. Of patients receiving antipsychotic polypharmacy, 65% began polypharmacy within 90 days of starting any antipsychotic treatment. There was a fourfold difference in polypharmacy across facilities. Antipsychotic polypharmacy was not associated with geographic location or medical center @entity1 volume. @entity1088 utilization was low (0%-2%). CONCLUSIONS: Retrospective examination of longitudinal prescribing patterns identified multiple antipsychotic prescribing pathways. Although most @entity1 received guideline-concordant care, antipsychotic polypharmacy was commonly used as initial treatment, and there was substantial variability among facilities. Study findings suggest the utility of secondary data to assess treatment adaptation or switching for practical clinical trials.

title: Antipsychotic prescribing pathways, polypharmacy, and @entity1088 use in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the long-term results of stenting in iliac and @entity432 and identify factors predicting clinical outcome. DESIGN: retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 82 @entity1 (87 limbs) with stenoses (n =63) and occlusions (n =24) in the aortoiliac segment were treated with stents. 81 lesions involved the iliac arteries, 3 the infrarenal aorta and 3 the aortic bifurcation. Primary stenting was performed in 57 limbs (complex stenotic lesions and occlusions). Stents were placed following failed PTA in 30 limbs. Median follow-up was 13.2 months (1-66 months). RESULTS: technical success was 99% and clinical success 89%. Cumulative primary and secondary patency of stented @entity731 at 1 and 3 years was 75 and 61%, and 83 and 75% respectively. The factors predicting outcome of primary patency identified in Cox multivariate analysis were ankle-brachial index (ABI) prior stenting (p =0.03) and length of the lesion (p =0. 007). Major @entity532 occurred in 7.4% of the @entity1 and there were no deaths attributed to the treatment. The 30-day mortality was 3.7%. CONCLUSION: stenting of complex aortoiliac stenoses and chronic occlusions is a safe and effective treatment modality. Long lesions and lower pre-procedure ABIs were found to negatively influence outcome.

title: Percutaneous placement of stents in chronic iliac and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal complications']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['iliac atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['aortic occlusive disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Focal @entity6795 is characterized by disorganized cortical lamination, @entity528 , and an association with @entity302 . The contribution that @entity528 make to epileptogenesis in focal @entity6795 is unknown and the phenotype of these cells may be distinct. The authors hypothesized that the expression of genes encoding glutamatergic ( @entity2227 [GluR] and @entity1024 NMDA receptors [NR]) and @entity1246 A receptor ( @entity1246 (A)R) subunits is distinct in @entity528 and that changes in receptor gene expression could be defined in a cell-specific pattern. METHODS: Single immunohistochemically labeled @entity528 were microdissected from @entity1 focal @entity6795 specimens obtained during @entity302 surgery. Pyramidal neurons were microdissected from postmortem control cortex and from temporal cortex without @entity1141 resected during temporal lobectomy. Poly (A) messenger RNA (mRNA) from single neurons was amplified, radiolabeled, and used to probe complementary DNA (cDNA) arrays containing GluR(1-6), NR(1A,1B), @entity11588 -D), and @entity1246 (A)Ralpha(1-6), and -Rbeta(1-3) subunit cDNAS: The relative hybridization intensities of each mRNA-cDNA hybrid were quantified by phosphorimaging. RESULTS: GluR, NR, and @entity1246 (A)R subunit mRNA expression did not differ between control neurons and nondysplastic @entity302 specimens. Expression of @entity11587 ), @entity13069 ), and @entity21413 ) subunit mRNA was increased, and @entity11588 ) and @entity1246 (A)Rbeta(1) subunit mRNA was decreased in @entity6349 compared with pyramidal and heterotopic neurons. In contrast, @entity1246 (A)Ralpha(1), -Ralpha(2), and -Rbeta(2) as well as GluR(1) mRNA levels were reduced in both @entity528 . CONCLUSIONS: Differential expression of GluR, NR, and @entity1246 (A)R mRNA in @entity528 demonstrates cell specific gene transcription changes in focal @entity6795 . These results suggest that @entity528 may be pharmacologically distinct and make differential contributions epileptogenesis in focal @entity6795 .

title: Differential expression of @entity2227 and @entity1246 -A receptor subunit mRNA in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic and heterotopic neurons']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity6795 :: (MESH:D054220,Disease) :: ['cortical dysplasia']


abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) are a heterogeneous population of leucocytes which play a key role in initiating and modulating immune responses. The @entity1 CD300 family consists of six immunoregulatory leucocyte membrane molecules that regulate cellular activity including differentiation, viability, cytokine and chemokine secretion, phagocytosis and @entity6722 . Recent work has identified polar lipids as probable ligands for these molecules in keeping with the known evolutionary conservation of this family. CD300 molecules are all expressed by @entity1358 ; @entity39630 , d, e and f are restricted to different subpopulations of the myeloid @entity1358 lineage. They have been shown to regulate @entity1358 function both in vitro and in vivo. In addition @entity1358 are able to regulate their CD300 expression in an autocrine manner. The potential to form different CD300 heterodimers adds further complexity to their role in fine tuning @entity1358 function. Expression of CD300 molecules is altered in a number of diseases including many where @entity1358 are implicated in the pathogenesis. CD300 antibodies have been demonstrated to have significant therapeutic effect in animal models. The mechanisms underlying the immunoregulatory effects of the CD300 family are complex. Deciphering their physiology will allow effective targeting of these molecules as novel therapies in a wide variety of inflammatory diseases.

title: CD300 molecule regulation of XXXX dendritic cell functions.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic cells', 'DC']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity9203 are implicated in the pathogenesis of several @entity1 diseases, including some @entity281 . In this study, we analyzed whether the conidia and the @entity375 of the thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen @entity12267 produce melanin or melanin-like compounds in vitro and during @entity281 . Growth of @entity12267 mycelia on water agar alone produced pigmented conidia, and growth of @entity375 in minimal medium with @entity3034 ( @entity3034 ) produced pigmented cells. Digestion of the pigmented conidia and @entity375 with proteolytic enzymes, denaturant, and hot concentrated acid yielded dark particles that were the same size and shape as their propagules. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated reactivity of a melanin-binding monoclonal antibody (MAb) with the pigmented conidia, @entity375 , and particles. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy identified the @entity375 -derived particles produced in vitro when @entity12267 was grown in @entity3034 medium as a melanin-like compound. Nonreducing @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of cytoplasmic @entity375 extract revealed a protein that catalyzed melanin synthesis from @entity3034 . The melanin binding MAb reacted with @entity375 cells in tissue from @entity19 infected with @entity12267 . Finally digestion of infected tissue liberated particles reactive to the melanin binding MAb that had the typical morphology of @entity12267 @entity375 . These data strongly suggest that @entity12267 propagules, both conidia and @entity375 cells, can produce melanin or melanin-like compounds in vitro and in vivo. Based on what is known about the function of melanin in the virulence of other fungi, this pigment may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity6573 .

title: Detection of melanin-like pigments in the dimorphic fungal pathogen XXXX in vitro and during @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['L-DOPA', 'L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity9203 :: ('MESH:D008543', 'Chemical') :: ['Melanins']

entities_list: @entity6573 :: ('MESH:D010229', 'Disease') :: ['paracoccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity12267 :: ('121759', 'Species') :: ['Paracoccidioides brasiliensis', 'P. brasiliensis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'microbial infections']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity12267 :: (121759,Species) :: ['Paracoccidioides brasiliensis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate plaque characteristics of culprit and non-culprit lesions in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 at the index procedure and 10 months later using iMap intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). BACKGROUND: The exact site of the @entity397 or erosion in coronary arteries with subsequent @entity715 cannot be precisely defined. Our hypothesis is that in @entity583 @entity1 angiographically guided stenting could fail to identify @entity39 tissue and thus may leave an uncovered significant amount of vulnerable plaque. METHODS: In 63 consecutive @entity583 @entity1 the culprit artery was analyzed with iMap IVUS at the time of the index procedure and 10 months later. The most stenotic culprit segment was compared to the segment proximal to the culprit lesion. RESULTS: A high percentage of @entity39 tissue was observed in the culprit lesion and a comparatively lower percentage of @entity39 tissue was observed in the non-culprit lesions proximal to the culprit at the index procedure by iMap IVUS (31.9%  10.0% vs 27.8%  11.8%, p=0.012). The proportion of @entity39 tissue in the segment proximal to the culprit lesion was unchanged at 10-month follow-up (27.1%  11.9% vs 25.5%  12.8%, p=0.147). The percentage of lipidic tissue in the proximal segment decreased at 10-month follow-up (9.8%  2.9% vs 8.8  3.0%, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity583 @entity1 , culprit lesion segments and non-culprit segments contain high proportions of @entity39 tissue. However, a comparatively higher proportion of @entity39 tissue was found in the culprit lesions according to iMap IVUS. The percentage of @entity39 tissue remained high at 10-month follow-up in both culprit and non-culprit segments.

title: iMap intravascular ultrasound evaluation of culprit and non-culprit lesions in XXXX with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Chronic inflammatory @entity792 such as @entity15 , @entity6 , and @entity309 are caused by CD4(+) @entity630 cells. Because Th2 cells antagonize @entity630 cell functions in several ways, it is believed that immune deviation towards Th2 can prevent or cure @entity792 . @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) is a demyelinating disease used as a model for @entity15 . Using an adoptive transfer system we assessed the role of @entity630 and Th2 cells in @entity6503 . In vitro generated @entity630 and Th2 cells from @entity10927 ( @entity10927 )-specific TCR @entity19 were transferred into normal and @entity465 @entity19 . @entity630 cells caused @entity6503 in all recipients after a brief preclinical phase. Surprisingly, Th2 cells also caused @entity6503 in @entity5350 KO @entity19 and in alphabeta T cell-deficient @entity19 , albeit after a longer preclinical phase. Normal or gammadelta T cell-deficient @entity19 were resistant to @entity6503 induced by Th2 cells. The histopathological features of this disease resembled those of an @entity56 . In addition, disease induction by @entity630 cells was not altered by coadmininstration of Th2 cells in any of the recipients. These findings indicate that @entity10927 -specific Th2 cells have the potential to induce @entity6503 and that the disease induced by previously activated @entity630 cells cannot be prevented by normal lymphocytes nor by previously activated Th2 cells.

title: @entity10927 -specific T helper 2 (Th2) cells cause experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in XXXX hosts rather than protect them from the disease.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic process']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficient']


abstract: @entity1897 are common side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, including @entity6023 , @entity902 -based drugs, vinca alkaloids, and @entity2816 . The most common symptoms are numbness, @entity158 in a stocking-glove distribution. Severe @entity1897 result in dose reductions, a change in chemotherapy regimen, or early cessation of chemotherapy. There are no proven interventions to prevent or treat chemotherapy-induced @entity1897 . We designed and built a unique magnetic stimulator to clarify the effects of magnetic stimulation in the @entity19 @entity1311 -induced peripheral @entity9 model. Magnetic stimulation significantly reversed @entity1311 -induced @entity1931 . The analgesic efficacy of magnetic stimulation was inhibited by @entity1510 , a   opioid receptor antagonist. These findings indicate that the analgesic effect of magnetic stimulation is likely to be mediated by the endogenous opioid system. Furthermore, a combination of magnetic stimulation and @entity4481 , a @entity141 channel blocker, induced a potent combinational analgesic effect, suggesting that analgesic drug dose reduction might be possible. These findings indicate that there is a potential therapeutic utility for magnetic stimulation in @entity158 relief.

title: Analgesic effect of magnetic stimulation on @entity1311 -induced peripheral XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathies', 'peripheral neuropathies', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'tingling and/or burning pain']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: @entity418 ( @entity418 ) has a globally increasing incidence with poor curative treatment options and survival rates. Environmental and dietary factors have crucial roles in esophageal carcinogenesis. Polymorphisms in the @entity6900 genes, a superfamily of enzymes essential for the detoxification of carcinogens, may alter enzyme activity and subsequently may play a role in @entity418 etiology. Rather than solely establishing differences in genotype distribution, we investigated whether functional polymorphisms in @entity6900 genes that can predict enzyme activity in vivo, may influence @entity418 risk. A case-control study including 351 Caucasian @entity418 @entity1 and 592 Caucasian controls was conducted and polymorphisms in seven @entity6900 genes were determined, using the polymerase chain reaction. On the basis of allelic in vitro enzyme activity measurements, genotypes were categorized according to their predicted in vivo enzyme activity into high, medium and low categories. Predicted enzyme activity groups were combined and compared between @entity1 and controls. The @entity6912 and @entity41322 predicted high enzyme activity genotypes were significantly more (OR=1.62; 95% CI, 1.02-2.56) and less frequent (OR=0.36; 95% CI, 0.15-0.84) among @entity1 with @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ), respectively. High (OR=0.42; 95% CI, 0.22-0.84) and medium (OR=0.25; 95% CI, 0.12-0.52) activity @entity41323 genotypes were significantly less often present in @entity1721 @entity1 . No association was detected between @entity6900 genotypes and @entity420 ( @entity420 ) risk. Polymorphisms in @entity6900 genes, resulting in altered enzyme activity genotypes, do not seem modifiers of @entity420 risk. However, the predicted high activity @entity6912 genotype, associated with low serum levels of the antioxidant @entity648 , was associated with an increased @entity1721 risk. The @entity41322 and @entity41323 genotypes associated with decreased predicted enzyme activities, were significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity1721 , probably by a @entity393 .

title: High enzyme activity @entity6912 or low activity @entity41322 and @entity41323 genotypes increase XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased detoxification of carcinogens']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: Results of a retrospective study of @entity1215 -combined chemotherapy in 59 coal miners with pneumoconio- @entity378 are reported. In 43 @entity1 @entity3673 had attained the stage of progressive massive @entity82 . The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 78 months, except in 8 @entity1 who died before the twenty-fourth month. Twenty-seven of the 59 @entity1 were treated for the first time, and 32 were in retreatment. In none of them had @entity1215 been administered before. Although the objective was to administer @entity1215 in combination with one, 2, or even 3 companion drugs that had not been administered before and that had proved to be active on the @entity1 ' bacilli in vitro, this goal was fully reached only in the first treatment group; in 8 of the 32 retreated @entity1 the drugs combined with @entity1215 were considered ineffective. The speed and rate of bacteriologic conversion were most impressive. Sputum conversion was obtained in 90 per cent of the @entity1 ; in the initial treatment group 100 per cent of the @entity1 converted their sputum on culture at 5 months and in the retreatment group the corresponding figure was 84.4 per cent. These bacteriologic results are nearly as favorable as those obtained in cases of advanced @entity1907 without @entity3673 treated with the same @entity1215 -containing drug regimens. It was concluded that @entity1215 -combined chemotherapy largely eliminates the handicap caused by the coexistence of @entity378 and @entity3673 . Side effects due to @entity1215 were without practical significance. In 3 @entity1 of 57 treated with @entity3110 , @entity227 was observed. Mortality was high (27 per cent) but was caused by @entity66 , especially @entity1887 . In 10 of the 16 @entity1 who died, @entity204 occurred after bacteriologic conversion.

title: Rifampim-combined chemotherapy in coal worker's pneumoconio- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nontuberculous diseases']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The accuracy of maternal self-reported smoking information, especially exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke, has been questioned. This study aimed to validate self-reported smoking, smoking cessation, and environmental @entity286 smoke exposure in early and late pregnancy, using the biomarker @entity4874 as the gold standard. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 953 pregnant Swedish @entity1 between 1996 and 1998. In- @entity1 interviews and @entity4874 measurements were performed at 6-12 and 31-34 completed weeks of gestation. All @entity1 were asked about @entity1239 exposures throughout pregnancy, including cigarette smoking, oral snuff, @entity1239 replacement therapy, and environmental @entity286 smoke exposure. RESULTS: The validity of self-reported daily smoking was high in early and late pregnancy. However, among @entity1 reporting smoking cessation before the first interview and between the first and second interviews, 13% and 25% misreported active smoking, respectively. According to @entity4874 measurements, 22% of non-smoking @entity1 were exposed to environmental @entity286 smoke in early pregnancy, and 8% were exposed in late pregnancy. Self-reported information on environmental @entity286 smoke exposure in early and late pregnancy misclassified most exposed @entity1 as unexposed. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that self-reported smoking information among pregnant @entity1 can be trusted. However, among @entity1 reporting smoking cessation during pregnancy, the misclassification rate increased with recency of quitting. Environmental @entity286 smoke exposure was common among non-smokers, and the low validity of self-reported environmental @entity286 smoke exposure suggests that future studies on environmental @entity286 smoke exposure and risks of pregnancy outcomes may have to rely on biomarker assessments.

title: Self-reported XXXX exposure and plasma levels of @entity4874 in early and late pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: @entity296 affects left ventricular relaxation. The velocity of propagation of rapid left ventricular filling flow ( @entity7 , cm/s) measured by colour M-mode is strongly correlated with the haemodynamic constant of left ventricular relaxation (Tau). The authors compared the changes in @entity7 during stress echocardiography with @entity452 in a control group of non-coronary @entity1 (Group 1, N = 12) and a group of coronary @entity1 (Group 2, N = 29). Coronary angiography was performed in all @entity1 . The basal @entity7 were similar in both groups (Group 1: 68.3 +/- 22.7 cm/s vs Group 2: 66.2 +/- 23.1 cm/s, NS). The @entity7 at the peak of @entity452 infusion were significantly different from the values observed under basal conditions in Group 1 (105.1 +/- 25.0 cm/s, p < 0.001) whereas this difference was not significant in Group 2 (67.4 +/- 19.3 cm/s, NS). There were significant differences between the two groups for peak values (p < 0.001) and for percentage variation of @entity7 (peak-basal value/basal value) with respect to the basal values (Group 1: 63 +/- 43% vs Group 2: 9 +/- 39%, p < 0.01). A percentage variation of @entity7 < 25% (Group 1: 3/12 @entity1 and Group 2: 23/29 @entity1 ) allows detection of @entity453 with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 75%. During @entity452 infusion, the velocity of propagation of left ventricular filling flow increases less in coronary @entity1 than in non-coronary @entity1 . The study of this quantitative parameter of left ventricular relaxation seems to be a valuable tool for detecting the presence of @entity453 during stress echocardiography.

title: [Changes in velocity of left ventricular filling measured by color M-mode during XXXX stress echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of @entity28 , overweight, and @entity14968 among @entity1 in an Italian school. METHODS: Five hundred ninety-five @entity1 (289 males and 306 females) were enrolled, aged between 6 and 19 years old, in Italian school in Rome. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to International @entity28 Task Force (IOFT) cut-off points. By age criterion all @entity1 have been classified in age classes. RESULTS: A normal BMI was recorded in 73.6% of all cases. @entity28 , overweight, and @entity14968 prevalence was 5.9%, 9.6%, and 10.9%, respectively, without statistical differences in both genders, except the prevalence of overweight that resulted statistically significant (13.1% males versus 6.2% females, P < 0.05). Differences in the age groups have been found. About 23.4% of @entity1 between 7 to 11 years were defined @entity28 and about 42.3% between 6 to 8 years thin grade 2, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study reports the low prevalence of overweight and @entity28 , in contrast to the unexpected @entity14968 prevalence. The identification of specific age groups with abnormal nutritional status could be the first step to address future epidemiological investigations in order to plan strategic approach in selected age periods.

title: XXXX nutritional status: a representative survey in a metropolitan school.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although understanding the processes of care and medical outcomes for @entity1 with @entity497 is instrumental to improving the quality and cost-effectiveness of care for this illness, limited information is available on how physicians manage @entity1 with this illness or on medical outcomes other than short-term mortality. OBJECTIVES: To describe the processes of care and to assess a broad range of medical outcomes for ambulatory and hospitalized @entity1 with @entity497 . METHODS: This prospective, observational study was conducted at 4 hospitals and 1 health maintenance organization in Pittsburgh, Pa, Boston, Mass, and Halifax, Nova Scotia. Data were collected via @entity1 interviews and reviews of medical records for 944 outpatients and 1343 inpatients with clinical and radiographic evidence of @entity497 . Processes of care and medical outcomes were assessed 30 days after presentation. RESULTS: Only 29.7% of outpatients had 1 or more microbiologic tests performed, and only 5.7% had an assigned microbiologic cause. Although 95.7% of inpatients had 1 or more microbiologic tests performed, a cause was established in only 29.6%. Six outpatients (0.6%) died, and 3 of these deaths were @entity55 related. Of surviving outpatients, 8.0% had 1 or more medical complications. At 30 days, 88.9% (nonemployed) to 95.6% (employed) of the surviving outpatients had returned to usual activities, yet 76.0% of outpatients had 1 or more persisting @entity55 -related symptoms. Overall, 107 inpatients (8.0%) died, and 81 of these deaths were @entity55 related. Most surviving inpatients (69.0%) had 1 or more medical complications. At 30 days, 57.3% (non-employed) to 82.0% (employed) of surviving inpatients had returned to usual activities, and 86.1% had 1 or more persisting @entity55 -related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, conducted primarily at hospital sites with affiliated medical education training programs, virtually all outpatients and most inpatients had @entity55 of unknown cause. Although outpatients had an excellent prognosis, @entity55 -related symptoms often persisted at 30 days. Inpatients had substantial mortality, morbidity, and @entity55 -related symptoms at 30 days.

title: Processes and outcomes of care for XXXX with @entity497 : results from the Pneumonia @entity1 Outcomes Research Team (PORT) cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Injuries occurring in three Swedish elite soccer teams were analyzed during 1 year. A total of 49 of 64 players (75%) sustained 85 injuries. The incidence of injury during games was 13 injuries per 1000 hours, while the incidence during training was 3 injuries per 1000 hours. Twenty percent of the injuries required hospital facilities. The majority of the @entity130 (93%) were to the lower extremities, with one third of the total injuries occurring in the knee. @entity7184 accounted for 35% of all injuries and occurred mainly during preseason training and at the end of each season. Conversely, the majority of @entity130 occurred during games, equally distributed between the first and second halves with a predominance toward the end of each half. The position of the player within the team did not influence injury rate. The referee considered 28% of the @entity130 to be caused by violation of existing rules. Thirty-four percent of the injuries were major, causing more than 1 month of absence from training and/or games. Eleven @entity3331 required surgical intervention revealing seven ruptured ACLs, of which three were chronic. At followup, 9 to 18.5 months after injury, 4 of 12 players with major @entity3331 had returned to play at the elite level. The others had either been transferred to lower divisions or were still in rehabilitation.

title: Does a major XXXX definitely sideline an elite soccer player?

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['Overuse injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries']

answer: @entity3331 :: (MESH:D007718,Disease) :: ['knee injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Studies of mites on bats in the Mexican state Oaxaca are scarce. Our objective was therefore to evaluate the @entity3794 , @entity277 , and specificity of spinturnicid mites on bats in southern Oaxaca, Mexico. Bats were monthly captured from April 2010 to February 2011, in four sites using four mist-nets; also, we visited natural (crevices) and artificial roosts (tunnel). Of each bat we account the number of spinturnicid mites, considering the area of the body where they were collected. Mites were preserved in 70  % @entity1068 and later they were mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer's medium. We captured bats of 15 species, of which eight species were infested. We recorded seven spinturnicid mites: five of the genus Periglischrus, one of the genus Cameronieta, and one of the genus Mesoperiglischrus. Periglischrus caligus, P. iheringi, and Periglischrus sp. are new records on @entity21902 , Glossophaga soricina, and G. commissarisi, respectively. More infested bat species were @entity10544 (93.8  %), A. lituratus (88.9  %), G. commissarisi and Sturnira parvidens (both 66.7  %). Prevalence of A. jamaicensis and A. lituratus was significantly higher than most other bat species. Although prevalence percentage was high, mean and median intensity were low. Spinturnicid mites were recorded in particular areas of a bat's body; therefore, they could be an additional tool for the taxonomic identification of bats.

title: XXXX , @entity277 and specificity of spinturnicid mites (Acari: Spinturnicidae) on bats in southern Oaxaca, Mexico.

entities_list: @entity10544 :: ('9417', 'Species') :: ['Artibeus jamaicensis']

entities_list: @entity21902 :: ('27634', 'Species') :: ['Artibeus lituratus']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['Richness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a clear association between excessive @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) consumption and the risk of @entity1164 . The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated (HCN) current, I (f) , is known to contribute to spontaneous pacemaker activity of sinoatrial (SA) node cells. However, the exact mechanisms of @entity167 on @entity943 induction are not well understood. METHODS: The preparations of SA node were excised from @entity95 heart, transmembrane potentials were recorded by standard glass microelectrode technique, and a whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record I (f) in enzymatically isolated @entity95 SA node pacemaker cells. @entity1 @entity26038 ( @entity26038 ) and @entity26039 channels were heterologously expressed in @entity1238 oocytes and studied using 2-electrode voltage clamp technique. RESULTS: Superfusion of @entity167 increased the spontaneous firing frequency of SA node cells in a reversible fashion. Treatment with @entity15726 irreversibly depressed basal firing frequency and markedly attenuated the enhancement effect of @entity167 on firing. The stimulatory effects of @entity167 on I (f) were concentration-dependent in the range of 1 to 100  mM, with an average EC (50) value of 20.81      6.71  mM and Hill coefficient of 1.19      0.10. Furthermore, @entity167 reversibly enhanced the HCN currents in a concentration-dependent fashion with an EC (50) value of 18.41      2.75 mM for the @entity26038 channel and 21.98      3.54  mM for the @entity26039 channel, which was accompanied by the acceleration of activation and deactivation kinetics. In addition, @entity167 , at both moderate and high doses, caused a shift in the voltage dependence of @entity26039 channel activation to more depolarizing potentials. However, superfusion of high, not moderate, concentration of @entity167 caused a shift in the voltage dependence of @entity26038 channel activation to more hyperpolarizing potentials. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insight into the molecular interaction of @entity167 and the hHCN channels, which may shed light on elucidating the potentially proarrhythmic mechanism of @entity167 .

title: @entity1068 enhances @entity1 hyperpolarization-activated cyclic XXXX -gated currents.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity15726 :: ('MESH:C088408', 'Chemical') :: ['ivabradine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Depletion of the circulating actin-binding protein, plasma gelsolin (pGSN) has been described in septic @entity1 and animals. We hypothesized that the extent of pGSN reduction correlates with outcomes of septic @entity1 and that circulating actin is a manifestation of @entity295 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We assayed pGSN in plasma samples from non-surgical septic @entity1 identified from a pre-existing database which prospectively enrolled @entity1 admitted to adult intensive care units at an academic hospital. We identified 21 non-surgical septic @entity1 for the study. Actinemia was detected in 17 of the 21 @entity1 , suggesting actin released into circulation from injured tissues is a manifestation of @entity295 . Furthermore, we documented the depletion of pGSN in @entity1 @entity922 , and that the survivors had significantly higher pGSN levels than the non-survivors (163+/-47 mg/L vs. 89+/-48 mg/L, p = 0.01). pGSN levels were more strongly predictive of 28-day mortality than APACHE III scores. For every quartile reduction in pGSN, the odds of death increased 3.4-fold. CONCLUSION: We conclude that circulating actin and @entity15343 are associated with @entity295 . The degree of @entity15343 correlates with @entity295 mortality. Reversing @entity15343 may be an effective treatment for @entity295 .

title: Plasma gelsolin depletion and circulating actin in XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'early sepsis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical sepsis']

entities_list: @entity15343 :: ('MESH:C537459', 'Disease') :: ['pGSN deficiency']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: Incubation of isolated @entity35 intestinal segments with @entity273 ( @entity274 ) led to a decreased beta-adrenoceptor response. The maximal relaxation induced by @entity3044 was lowered while the EC50 remained unaffected. The effect of @entity274 in the small intestine increased slightly from duodenum to ileum. In the ileum, 10(-4) M @entity274 led to a 10% decrease of the maximal relaxation due to @entity3044 and 1 mM decreased the maximal response to about 50%. We further investigated the level at which the @entity3044 response was impaired. The relaxation caused by the stable @entity268 analog, @entity8279 , or by the adenylate cyclase activator, @entity1928 , was not affected or affected less than by @entity3044 . When the response to @entity3044 was expressed relative to the maximal response to @entity8279 or @entity1928 , pretreatment with @entity274 led to a decreased @entity3044 response relative to the response to @entity8279 or @entity1928 . This might indicate that exposure to @entity274 leads to a disturbance in receptor-mediated @entity268 production. The adenylate cyclase unit is probably not affected since the response to @entity1928 is relatively resistant to @entity274 . Our conclusion is that pretreatment of isolated intestinal segments with @entity274 leads to disturbed beta-adrenoceptor coupling, probably due to altered membrane integrity.

title: XXXX reduces beta-adrenoceptor function in the @entity35 small intestine.

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl-cAMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: ICI 153,110 is an inotropic vasodilator compound intended for the treatment of @entity712 . It was administered to @entity35 at dose levels of 5, 10, and 250 mg/kg/day for up to 6 months as part of its preclinical development program. Detailed clinical investigations were conducted during the course of the study and histopathological examination took place after 28 days and 182 days of treatment as well as 42 days following cessation of dosing. Changes were identified in blood vessels in the greater proportion of animals from the high dose group, although some of the changes were also observed at lower dose levels. Vascular tissues from a variety of sites were affected, particularly those of the mesentery, splanchnum, heart, testis, and the pampiniform plexus. Early changes characteristic of @entity131 such as arterial medial @entity39 and @entity32 occurred, which were distinguishable from those following chronic administration of the compound where there was a pronounced arterial and venous wall thickening and accompanying @entity455 . The essential components contributing to the thickening were a smooth @entity2086 and @entity1373 of the media. At the end of the period following withdrawal of dosing, vascular thickening was still present and @entity3468 showed an increased incidence relative to that seen at termination of the main test. Systemic @entity101 was not detected during these studies. Vasodilation occurring at or near normal blood pressure, resulting in breakdown of vascular autoregulation and excessive critical wall tension, may have been the cause of the pathological changes. Our findings indicate that medial @entity39 is an early component in a sequence of adaptive, destructive, and reparative changes not only following a chemically induced perturbation of the hemodynamic status in arteries and veins but also following a shift back to the "normal state" on withdrawal of compound.

title: Pathologic changes in blood vessels following administration of an inotropic vasodilator (ICI 153,110) to the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute injury']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['plexiform vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity135 are a major heath problem and common @entity5 in Thailand. Up to 80 per cent of cases are caused by smoking and @entity167 consumption. Epithelial mucosa of the aerodigestive tract exposed to carcinogens results in cellular mutations at different areas by a process called field cancerization and causes multistep @entity105 . Over 90 per cent of cases are @entity957 . Prognostic factors depend on the @entity1 , diseases and treatment. Currently, several molecular pathogenesis have been discovered such as abnormalities of @entity517 , c-ras, c-erbB-1, bcl, @entity10006 , @entity10008 oncogenes, @entity876 and @entity986 @entity5 suppressor genes. Common @entity2008 are 3p, 9p, 11q, 13q, 17p. Diagnosis requires symptoms and signs, radioimaging, and pathology. Stage I and II can be treated by surgery or radiotherapy. However, stage II requires and combination of surgery and radiotherapy, and studies of chemotherapy and local treatment to increase therapeutic efficacy by several approaches such as combination chemotherapy, new drugs, and biologic therapy.

title: XXXX of @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity5630 is the most common form of @entity395 . This article presents a retrospective evaluation of 73 @entity5630 cases that had been followed at our center. The study consisted of 48 males and 25 females (2 months-19 years). Thirty-one (42.5%) of them were asymptomatic. Out of symptomatic @entity1 , 17 had severe clinical symptoms, whereas 8 presented with moderate and 17 with mild symptoms. The symptoms listed in order of frequency were as follows: @entity1415 , @entity4125 or ecchymose, easy @entity2981 , and oral @entity548 . The genotype was determined in 8 @entity1 . Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) was used to treat 49 @entity548 episodes in 8 @entity1 after 2002. In 2 @entity1 with repeated @entity6220 prophylaxis with rFVIIa was administered. No allergic and @entity715 events were observed during both treatment and prophylaxis courses. Antibody occurrence was not detected in the @entity1 during treatment.

title: XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['cavity bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity5630 :: ('MESH:D005168', 'Disease') :: ['factor VII deficiency', 'Congenital factor VII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare coagulation factor deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity5630 :: (MESH:D005168,Disease) :: ['Factor VII deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity519 -reoxygenation of cultured macrovascular endothelial cells is used to study @entity63 -reperfusion (IR)-related cellular and molecular changes; however, these models do not accurately depict events in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) during conventional lung retrieval and transplantation. We used @entity35 PMVECs in a new non-hypoxic cell-based lung transplantation model to assess these events. METHODS: To simulate cold storage, @entity35 PMVECs were preserved in 95% O2-5% @entity515 at 4  C for 6 hours in low- @entity972 dextran solution. Dishes were warmed for 1 hour to room temperature for simulating implantation. Medium was added at 37  C in 50% O2-5% @entity515 -45% N2 to simulate reperfusion. Additional PMVECs were transfected with siRNA targeting mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and then subjected to simulated IR. RESULTS: MAPKs and @entity4026 were activated during simulated reperfusion, and @entity19505 was activated during @entity63 and reperfusion. Increased @entity1234 levels were found during cold @entity63 , and apoptosis and production of @entity3426 , @entity568 , and @entity1505 were observed during reperfusion. Silencing of MAPKs attenuated oxidative stress, @entity32 and apoptosis. Silencing of @entity6336 and @entity12220 decreased @entity4026 phosphorylation and increased inhibitor of @entity4026 (IkB)a levels. Knockdown of @entity2508 increased @entity4026 phosphorylation but had no effect on IkBa expression. Silencing of @entity6336 and @entity2508 , but not @entity12220 , decreased @entity19505 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: Exposing @entity35 PMVECs to simulated @entity63 caused lipid peroxidation, @entity32 and apoptosis, which required MAPK-mediated @entity4026 and @entity19505 activation and distinct regulation of MAPKs by these 2 transcription factors. This model could be used to uncouple mechanisms of IR and evaluate potential therapeutics in alleviating @entity5721 .

title: MAPK mediates inflammatory response and cell death in @entity35 pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in an XXXX -reperfusion model of lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'non-hypoxic IR']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of 92 @entity1 who underwent anterior cervical surgery. Intraoperative esophagus retraction and @entity86 were recorded and evaluated. OBJECTIVE: Early @entity1282 after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is an underestimated side effect. The aim of this study was to investigate whether postoperative swallowing disturbances correlate with the amount of intraoperative retraction of the pharynx/esophagus wall measured during the procedure. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The anterior approach to the cervical spine is a routinely used and, in general, safe procedure. A recent prospective study focused on the underreported side effect of @entity86 , with an incidence of up to 50% at 1 month and 12.5% at 12 months. The etiology of @entity86 is not known in detail. METHODS: An online pressure transducer between the retractor and pharynx/esophagus recorded the epi-esophageal pressure in 92 @entity1 . In 31 @entity1 , a transducer was additionally inserted into the pharynx/esophagus in order to measure the endo-esophageal pressure. The @entity1 rated swallowing difficulty during the first postoperative 5 days using a 10-point score. A control group of 32 lumbar surgery @entity1 was also evaluated for swallowing disturbances. RESULTS: Mean epi-esophageal pressure after retractor opening was 76.3 mm Hg, and mean endo-esophageal pressure was 16.3 mm Hg. An adjustment to 75% and 76%, respectively, of the initial value occurred within the first hour. Of @entity1 , 49.3% complained of swallowing disturbances. There was a significant prevalence of the female gender. No correlation between the amount of retraction and @entity86 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between intraoperative pharynx/esophagus retraction and postoperative swallowing disturbances could not be confirmed. The cause of the prevalence of the female gender is unknown. However, the absence of @entity73 in the control group suggests that a local phenomenon must be causative of swallowing disturbances following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

title: The impact of esophagus retraction on early XXXX after anterior cervical surgery: does a correlation exist?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired deglutition']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This work studied the etiologic subtypes of @entity385 in young adults in La Coru  a and compared this with previous reports. @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2004, a total of 2716 @entity1 with @entity385 , transient @entity63 accidents or @entity1188 were admitted in our hospital. Only 93 @entity1 were between 18 to 45 years old. This group of 93 @entity1 was studied retrospectively and was extensively evaluated according to a standardized protocol to analyze the distribution of @entity64 subtypes. RESULTS: @entity385 was diagnosed in 63%, transient @entity63 attack in 24.7% and @entity1188 in 11.8% of the cases. Regarding @entity64 subtype, @entity64 of undetermined etiology was the most common subtype diagnosed in 37.6% of cases, @entity455 in 16.1%, hematology etiology in 9.7%, cardioembolism in 8.6% and @entity64 was the least common in 4.3%. The four most common risk factors were smoking (50.5%), @entity407 (31.2%) and @entity101 (22.6%) and @entity988 (16.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in our series are similar to those published in the literature. @entity385 accounted for 63% of the cases. A probable cause of @entity385 was identified en 62% and remained unexplained in 38% of the cases. @entity64 of undetermined etiology was the most common subtype. The high incidence was not explained by a higher prevalence of @entity731 and a battery of extensive examinations is indicated to elucidate the etiology.

title: [Etiologic subtypes of XXXX in young adults aged 18 to 45 years: a study of a series of 93 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'stroke of small-vessel occlusion', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['non-arteriosclerosis vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarction', 'venous infarcts']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['premature atherosclerotic vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarct', 'ischemic stroke', 'Cerebral infarction', 'ischemic cerebral infarcts']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7555 ( @entity305 , @entity7555 , @entity2744 , Monoclonal protein, Skin changes) is a @entity395 associated with @entity4085 . @entity1781 swelling can be present, and @entity4 has been reported once before. @entity1 AND METHODS: Three @entity1 with @entity7555 were investigated. Lumbar puncture and neuro-ophthalmic examination were performed on all @entity1 . RESULTS: Visual symptoms included @entity227 , photopsia and @entity227 . @entity1781 swelling was present in all three @entity1 . Visual acuity was decreased in only one @entity1 (0.2 in right eye, 0.7 in left eye) due to @entity4 , and another @entity1 with normal visual acuity showed also a mild @entity4 on @entity941 angiography. In these two @entity1 , @entity428 was found (30 and 39 cm @entity2507 , respectively). The @entity4 disappeared under @entity230 and @entity3791 therapy with visual improvement, but @entity1781 swelling remained. CONCLUSION: @entity1781 swelling is frequent in POEMS and @entity4 may be more frequently present than previously thought. Interestingly @entity4 was detected in the two @entity1 with @entity428 .

title: Unusual cause of bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision', 'blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure', 'increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell disorder']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['Polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['Endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['Organomegaly', 'POEMS syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc', 'Optic disc']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['optic disc swelling: POEMS syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of a biweekly @entity1311 and @entity900 regimen in @entity1 with advanced @entity0 , which has previously been reported to produce an 85% response rate in such @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 who had relapsed after prior @entity632 -containing adjuvant chemotherapy were treated with @entity1311 (90 mg/m2) by intravenous (i.v.) infusion over 3 hours followed by @entity900 (60 mg/m2) given by i.v. infusion over 1 hour on an outpatient basis. Treatment was repeated every 2 weeks if the absolute neutrophil count was > or = 750/microL and platelet count > or = 75,000/microL. After a maximum of eight cycles of @entity1311 / @entity900 , @entity1 received biweekly @entity1311 alone (90 mg/m2 with dose escalation). Thirteen @entity1 were assessable for response and all for @entity137 . Nine of 13 @entity1 assessable for response (69%) had at least three sites of @entity3 and 10 @entity1 (77%) had @entity74 . RESULTS: Partial response occurred in three of 13 assessable @entity1 (23%; 90% confidence interval, 7% to 49%). All responders had two or fewer sites of @entity3 . The median time to progression was 4.3 months and the median survival duration was 11.4 months. @entity1 received a median of seven cycles of therapy (range, two to 21). Severe and/or life-threatening @entity137 occurred in 50% and 38%, respectively, and consisted primarily of @entity3028 , @entity417 , and @entity16 . The trial was terminated after the first interim analysis as per its two-stage design, since it was unlikely that the response rate would exceed 70%. CONCLUSION: Biweekly @entity1311 / @entity900 is not likely to produce a response rate greater than 70% in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 who have relapsed after prior @entity632 -containing adjuvant chemotherapy and who have multiple sites of @entity3 and/or @entity74 .

title: Phase II trial of biweekly @entity1311 and @entity900 in advanced XXXX : an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['visceral-dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bony procedures play an essential role in the operative treatment of stage II @entity12290 and often substantially alter the loading characteristics of the foot. METHODS: Eight matched pairs of cadaver lower extremities were axially loaded onto a TekScan HR Mat. (TekScan, Inc., South Boston, MA) After intact testing, each specimen had a lateral column lengthening (either a calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis [CCDA] or Evans procedure), a @entity9066 ( @entity9066 ), and a plantarflexion ( @entity2708 ) osteotomy of the medial cuneiform. The measured plantar pressures were divided into three forefoot regions, two midfoot regions, and two hindfoot regions. For each region, average pressure, peak pressure, and contact area data were collected. RESULTS: Despite the fact that both lateral column lengthening procedures resulted in increased lateral forefoot pressures, no significant differences were noted between the CCDA and the Evans procedure. The addition of a @entity9066 did not significantly alter the plantar pressures measured after the lateral column lengthening alone. Although the @entity2708 osteotomy resulted in increased average pressures within the medial forefoot, a compensatory significant decrease in lateral forefoot pressures was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated increased lateral forefoot pressures after a combined lateral column lengthening and @entity9066 and does not support the idea that a @entity2708 osteotomy significantly reduces loading of the lateral forefoot. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The incidence of lateral forefoot @entity158 and fifth metatarsal stress fractures subsequent to either lateral column lengthening procedure may not significantly decline after a @entity2708 osteotomy.

title: Plantar pressure analysis in cadaver feet after bony procedures commonly used in the treatment of stage II XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12290 :: ('MESH:D037081', 'Disease') :: ['posterior tibial tendon insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['medializing calcaneal osteotomy', 'MCO']

answer: @entity12290 :: (MESH:D037081,Disease) :: ['posterior tibial tendon insufficiency']


abstract: Purpose: The association between metabolism and @entity5 has been recently emphasized. This study aimed to find the prognostic significance of @entity28 in advanced @entity5 @entity1 treated with surgery and radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 111 @entity1 who were treated with combined surgery and RT for clinical stage 2-3 (T3 or N+) @entity5 between 2008 and 2014. The prognostic significance of @entity28 (body mass index [BMI] >= 25 kg/m2) in local control was evaluated. Results: The median follow-up was 31.2 months (range, 4.1 to 85.7 months). Twenty-five @entity1 (22.5%) were classified as @entity28 . Treatment failure occurred in 33 @entity1 (29.7%), including local failures in 13 @entity1 (11.7%), regional lymph node failures in 5, and distant metastases in 24. The 3-year local control, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival rates were 88.7%, 73.6%, and 87.7%, respectively. @entity28 (n = 25) significantly reduced the local control rate (p = 0.045; 3-year local control, 76.2%), especially in @entity1 (n = 37, p = 0.021). Segregation of local control was best achieved by BMI of 25.6 kg/m2 as a cutoff value. Conclusion: Obese @entity5 @entity1 showed poor local control after combined surgery and RT. More effective local treatment strategies for @entity28 @entity1 are warranted.

title: Association between @entity28 and local control of advanced XXXX after combined surgery and radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage rectal cancer', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) are rare, spindle-cell @entity5 generally associated with the serosal surface, especially the pleura. Histopathologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and flow cytometric analyses were performed on seven @entity2460 of extrapleural sites (two retroperitoneal, two soft tissue, one each peritoneal, nasal cavity, and orbit). Five @entity1 were @entity1 , and two were @entity1 , aged from 21 to 68 years (average, 39 yr). All of the lesions presented as well-circumscribed masses. The lesions ranged in size from 2 to 20 cm in greatest diameter. Histologically, these lesions were entirely comparable to the @entity9662 and lacked the characteristic features of other recognized @entity5 that occur in these regions. One @entity5 contained pleomorphic and round-cell sarcomatous foci. Immunohistochemically, all of the @entity5 were strongly positive for @entity2277 and @entity2280 . Six of the seven @entity5 showed varying numbers of spindle cells positive for alpha smooth muscle actin, HHF35, @entity3508 , @entity4755 , or glial fibrillary acidic protein. Ultrastructural examinations of three @entity5 showed that they were composed of primitive mesenchymal or fibroblast-like cells. Six @entity5 examined were diploid by flow cytometric examination. Clinical follow-up in six @entity1 ranged from 1 to 7.5 years (average, 2.6 yr) and showed that five @entity1 remained well with no evidence of disease after excision and that the @entity1 with the sarcomatous elements died of recurrence 2.5 years after surgical treatment. These findings suggest that @entity2460 represent ubiquitous @entity5 of fibroblasts or primitive mesenchymal cells with aggressive potential.

title: XXXX : a report of seven cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity9662 :: ('MESH:D054363', 'Disease') :: ['pleural SFTs']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary fibrous tumors', 'SFTs']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: Plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) was measured in 38 cases of @entity12040 . The values of resting peripheral vein blood PRA were 32.2 +/- 4.2 (SE) mmug/ml. These values were 3 times higher than those of normal subjects. @entity101 due to @entity2791 was observed in 18 cases. Their resting PRA values were 41.2 +/- 6.0 mmug/ml, while in the remaining 20 @entity1 without @entity2792 those values were 24.2 +/- 5.4 mmug/ml. The @entity1 belonging to aortic arch type or extensive type had 2 times higher PRA values than those of abdominal type. The @entity1 with @entity850 or obstruction of common carotid arteries had significantly higher PRA values than the @entity1 without these lesions. Hyperresponse of @entity916 secretion to upright posture was also observed in the same @entity1 with @entity543 . Abnormal @entity916 release in @entity12040 disappeared after denervation of the carotid sinus nerve. The present study suggests that the unstable state of carotid sinus reflex is the main cause for the hypersecretion of @entity916 .

title: Elevated plasma @entity916 activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis", 'aortitis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['aortitis syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Synchronous @entity14 are a common pathology which at times necessitate extensive abdominal surgery. When one of the lesions is located in the rectum, the operation harbours even higher rates of morbidity and mortality. In such cases, we suggest a two-step procedure, comprising TEM resection for the @entity5 followed by a less extensive abdominal resection for the second. @entity1 AND METHODS: During 1998, six @entity1 (mean age 74   years) with two synchronous @entity14 were operated using TEM resection for the @entity75 ( @entity5493 (n=3), @entity420 (n=3)), followed 2-4   weeks later by abdominal surgery (Rt. colectomy (n=2), Lt. colectomy (n=4)) for the @entity75 , all of which were @entity420 . RESULTS: There was no mortality and only minor reversible complications after both operations. Mean post-operative stay after TEM excision was 3   days and rehabilitation was satisfactory enabling performance of the second operation after 2-4   weeks. All @entity5 were resected with clear margins. Two were at stage T1 and one T2. Median follow up is 8   months with no evidence of recurrent @entity5 in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: TEM excision of a @entity188 , combined with transabdominal resection of a synchronous @entity5 , allows the extent of surgery to be minimized, resulting in lower morbidity and mortality rates.

title: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM): a tool for minimizing the extent of surgery in synchronous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumours', 'colonic tumour', 'rectal tumour', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous lesions', 'rectal lesion']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['rectal neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumours']


abstract: @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) and polymorphous low-grade @entity420 ( @entity7050 ) are @entity5 of salivary glands, which are similar in histologic patterns but very different in clinical behavior, treatment and prognosis. Galectin-3 is a multifunctional protein of a growing family of beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins, which is implicated in a variety of biological events such as @entity5 cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis. This protein was found to be implicated in cellular transformation and a correlation between its expression and @entity5 progression and @entity3 has been described. The aim of this study was to determine the galectin-3 immunoprofile in 14 cases of @entity2347 (2 cases of tubular subtype, 4 cases of solid subtype and 8 cases of cribriform subtype) and in 12 cases of @entity7050 with different histologic patterns, including lobular, tubular and cribriform aspects. Moreover, slides of normal salivary glands were included. In normal salivary glands there was strong nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for galectin-3 in ductal luminal cells. @entity2347 showed specific staining in luminal cells mainly in the nuclei. In the tubular subtype of @entity2347 , galectin-3 strongly stained luminal cells of the ductiform structures. The cribriform and solid subtypes showed a few positive luminal cells of small ducts present in the cribriform structures and in solid nests respectively. In the cases of @entity7050 , independent of the histologic architecture, all @entity5 cells revealed a positive cytoplasmic reaction. Galectin-3 expression seems to be related to cell differentiation more than to @entity5 progression and prognosis in the @entity5 studied.

title: Galectin-3 immunoprofile in XXXX and polymorphous low-grade @entity420 of salivary glands.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']