abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity5 occur very rarely in the ampulla of Vater and their clinical behaviour is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the clinico-pathological features, surgical approach and prognosis of these @entity1 . METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity5 of the ampulla of Vater treated with curative intent surgery at a single centre were retrospectively analysed. A univariate analysis of potential prognostic factors was also performed (data provided from the present study and literature review). RESULTS: Pancreaticoduodenectomy was curative in all the @entity1 . Overall and disease-free survival rates were significantly better for G1/G2 @entity5 (p   =   0.006 and p   =   0.004, respectively). Although frequent, lymph node @entity3 did not influenced both overall (p   =   0.760) and disease-free survival rates (p   =   0.745). No significant differences of survival were observed in @entity1 with ENETS stage I/II disease, as compared to ENETS stage III disease (p   =   0.169 and p   =   0.137, respectively). No differences were observed according to UICC staging system (p   =   0.073 and p   =   0.177, respectively). Tumours that are less than 2  cm or limited to the ampulla appear to have a better prognosis. CONCLUSION: The WHO 2010 classification appear to accurately predict @entity1 prognosis, while the ENETS or UICC staging systems have a limited value (especially in regard to lymph node @entity3 ). Radical surgery (i.e. pancreaticoduodenectomy with lymphadenectomy) should be the standard approach in most @entity1 with NET of the ampulla of Vater because this procedure removes all the potential @entity5 -bearing tissue.

title: XXXX of the ampulla of Vater: clinico-pathological features, surgical approach and assessment of prognosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroendocrine tumours', 'tumours', 'neuroendocrine tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Neuroendocrine tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Antifungal prophylaxis is recommended for haematological @entity1 at high risk of invasive @entity364 (IFIs). Incidence, optimal therapeutic management and outcome of breakthrough IFIs (bIFIs) are largely unknown. METHODS: To assess bIFI incidence, treatment and outcomes, data on @entity1 undergoing @entity3052 remission-induction and consolidation chemotherapy and from allogeneic HSCT recipients on antifungal prophylaxis with @entity2059 , @entity1331 or @entity7143 were extracted from the Cologne Cohort of Neutropenic @entity1 (CoCoNut). bIFIs were classified according to revised EORTC/MSG criteria. RESULTS: From January 2004 to April 2013, 250 @entity3052 @entity1 with 329 hospitalizations and 409 HSCT @entity1 with 496 hospitalizations were identified. In @entity3052 @entity1 , there were 16 (6.4%) proven or probable bIFIs and 44 (17.6%) possible bIFIs. In HSCT @entity1 , there were 14 (3.4%) proven or probable bIFIs and 37 (9.0%) possible bIFIs. Proven cases included @entity3370 , two mucormycoses, three @entity2381 and one @entity22214 . The most frequent choice for bIFI treatment was liposomal @entity2379 in @entity3052 @entity1 (21/60; 35.0%) and continuation of @entity7143 prophylaxis in HSCT @entity1 (16/51; 31.4%). In HSCT recipients, survival on day 365 was significantly lower in bIFI @entity1 ( @entity3052 , 63.3% versus 70.0%; P=0.297; HSCT, 49.0% versus 66.8%; P=0.012). Comparison of continuation of prophylaxis versus switch of antifungal class as first-line treatment showed no significant difference regarding response to treatment and survival. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of bIFIs observed in our population were comparable to previous data. There was no clear shift towards rare species, as previously reported. A high variety of treatment approaches was observed.

title: A cohort study on breakthrough invasive XXXX in high-risk patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergilloses']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity22214 :: ('MESH:D060585', 'Disease') :: ['fusariosis']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['five candidaemias']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progressive neurodegeneration in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) induces @entity73 , and there is controversy regarding the optimal treatment strategy in early @entity195 . Stimulation therapy, including physical exercise and cholinesterase inhibitors are both reported to postpone @entity73 in separate studies. We aimed to study the effect of stimulation therapy and the additional effect of @entity8124 on cognitive function in early @entity195 . METHOD:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">A two-by-two factorial trial comprising stimulation therapy for one year compared to standard care to which a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled trial with @entity8124 was added. SETTING: Nine rural municipalities in Northern Norway. @entity1 : 187 @entity1 65 years and older with a recent diagnosis of mild or moderate @entity195 were included in the study of which 146 completed a one-year follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: In five municipalities the @entity1 received stimulation therapy whereas @entity1 in four received standard care. All @entity1 were randomised double-blindly to @entity8124 or placebo and tested with three different cognitive tests four times during the one-year study period. MAIN OUTCOME: Changes in MMSE sum score.Secondary outcome: Changes in @entity11509 -Cog and Clock Drawing Test. RESULTS: MMSE scores remained unchanged amongst @entity195 @entity1 receiving stimulation therapy and those receiving standard care. The results were consistent for @entity11509 -Cog and Clock Drawing Test. No time trend differences were found during one-year follow-up between groups receiving stimulation therapy versus standard care or between @entity8124 versus placebo. CONCLUSION: In rural @entity195 @entity1 non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy did not improve outcome compared with standard care but all groups retained cognitive function during one year follow-up. Other studies are needed to confirm these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT00443014). EudraCT database (no 2004-002613-37).

title: The effect of stimulation therapy and XXXX on cognitive function in @entity195 . A community based RCT with a two-by-two factorial design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity8124 :: (MESH:C076946,Chemical) :: ['donepezil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of parietal pleurectomy in establishing a tissue diagnosis and controlling pleural fluid accumulation in @entity1 with @entity2615 , and to assess the success of this procedure in effecting palliation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Fifty consecutive @entity1 with @entity2615 who underwent thoracotomy at the cardiothoracic units at Concord and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The male:female ratio was 4:1 and the mean age was 63 years. In only 11 of the 50 @entity1 was a tissue diagnosis of @entity2615 made before surgery. INTERVENTIONS: At thoracotomy, subtotal parietal pleurectomy was performed in 45 of the 50 @entity1 . In two @entity1 biopsy alone was performed and three @entity1 were treated by a chemical pleurodesis only, as pleurectomy was not technically possible. Pulmonary decortication was required in 28 @entity1 to allow full expansion of the underlying lung for effective pleurodesis. RESULTS: There was one @entity204 . The morbidity rate was 16%. Excluding the @entity1 who died in the postoperative period, the median survival was 16 months, and ranged from three to 54 months, with 21% of @entity1 surviving for more than two years. Only one @entity1 developed a reaccumulation of pleural fluid. CONCLUSIONS: Pleurectomy, with decortication when required, provides both a tissue diagnosis and effective control of pleural fluid accumulation and therefore excellent palliation in @entity1 with @entity2615 . We advocate early thoracotomy in these @entity1 .

title: Pleurectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity3969 antigen ( @entity8587 ) is overexpressed in approximately 90% of @entity0 and, thus, is a potential target antigen for the immunotherapy of @entity0 . We have tested the working hypotheses that @entity8587 can be immunogenic in @entity1 with @entity0 and can stimulate CTL of sufficient avidity to kill @entity5 cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity5 -draining lymph node and peripheral blood samples were analyzed from five HLA-A2-positive @entity1 with @entity0 . Fluorescent @entity1529 *0201/ @entity8587 tetramers were used to quantify @entity8587 -specific CTL and the functional capacity of the CTL was assessed using @entity137 assays and intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS: @entity8587 tetramer-binding T cells expanded from all lymph node samples but none of the corresponding peripheral blood samples. Functional assays were carried out on T cells from the @entity1 who had yielded the highest frequency of @entity1529 *0201/ @entity8587 tetramer-positive cells. The @entity137 assays showed @entity8587 peptide--specific killing activity of the CTL, whereas intracellular cytokine staining confirmed that the tetramer--positive T cells produced @entity379 after stimulation with @entity8587 peptide. These @entity8587 -specific T cells killed HLA-A2-positive @entity0 cell lines treated with @entity379 but no killing was observed with untreated @entity5 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that @entity8587 -specific CTL can be expanded from the @entity5 -draining lymph nodes of @entity0 @entity1 and that they can display peptide-specific effector function. However, the CTL only killed @entity379 -treated @entity5 targets expressing high levels of HLA-A2 and not @entity5 cells with low HLA expression. This suggests that induction of autologous @entity8587 -specific CTL may offer only limited @entity5 protection and that strategies that allow a high level of peptide/MHC complex presentation and/or improve CTL avidity may be required.

title: @entity3969 antigen--specific CTL in @entity5 -draining lymph nodes of XXXX with early @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'stage I/II breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Paired tumor']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The combination of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is associated with an adverse prognosis. Although clinical studies hint at a specific bidirectional interaction between @entity712 and @entity740 , insight into the pathogenesis of @entity9136 ( @entity9136 ) remains limited. We review available evidence on cardiorenal interactions from animal models of @entity740 and @entity712 and discuss several studies that employed a "double-hit" model to research organ cross talk between the heart and kidneys. Regarding cardiac changes in @entity740 models, parameters of cardiac remodeling are equivocal and cardiac systolic function generally remains preserved. Structural changes include @entity1184 , @entity82 , and microvasculopathy. In models of @entity712 , data on renal pathology are mostly limited to functional hemodynamic changes. Most double-hit models were unable to show that combined renal and @entity299 induces additive damage to both organs, perhaps because of the short study duration or absence of organ failure. Because of this lack of " @entity177 " models, we have developed two @entity35 models of combined @entity740 and @entity712 in which @entity8 induced by a subtotal nephrectomy preceded @entity299 . @entity299 was induced either functionally by @entity842 depletion or structurally by @entity583 . In both models, we found that cardiac remodeling and failure were worse in @entity740 @entity35 compared with controls undergoing the same cardiac insult. Variables of @entity8 , like @entity631 and @entity644 , were also further worsened by combined @entity130 . These studies show that target organ cross talk does occur in @entity9136 . These models may be useful for interventional studies in @entity35 .

title: Target organ cross talk in XXXX : animal models.

entities_list: @entity9136 :: ('MESH:D059347', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal syndrome', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['dual-failure']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal injury']

answer: @entity9136 :: (MESH:D059347,Disease) :: ['cardiorenal syndrome']


abstract: The aim of this experiment was to study aggregation of red cells in the blood of @entity1 with @entity299 , @entity6 , hyperlipidaemia, and (silent) @entity5 , and in two normal donors. Reconstituted blood using IgG was also used. The instrument, the automated slit-capillary photo-viscometer (100 kg weight) was set on the middeck of the Space Shuttle. An analogous instrument was at the Kennedy Space Center. Blood was obtained from donors, anticoagulated, and adjusted to haematocrit of 30% using native plasma. Experiments took place at 25 degrees C, during which blood was forced to flow in the slit formed by two parallel glass plates. Macro and microphotography was carried out at specific intervals controlled by a computer. During @entity3179 , lasting 6 minutes, aggregates (or clumps) of the red cells were formed. Results indicated that red cell aggregates do form under zero-G; that such aggregates are smaller than the ones obtained at one-G; that morphology is different, the zero-G showing rouleaux while one-G showing usual sludge-like clumps of red cells in all severe disorders. Platelets appeared to remain monodisperse under zero-G. Assuming that these data can be confirmed, one could suggest that zero-G affects cell-cell interaction, and may consequently influence the internal microstructure of the cell membrane and of the receptors, as well as their activity. Gravitational studies may thus open a new door on immunology and haematology in general.

title: Experiment on "Discovery" STS 51-C: aggregation of red cells and thrombocytes in XXXX , hyperlipidaemia and other conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of community clinics for leg @entity1066 . DESIGN: All @entity1 with leg @entity1066 were invited to community clinics that offered treatment developed in a hospital research clinic. @entity1 without serious @entity455 (Doppler ankle/brachial index > 0.8) were treated with a high compression bandage of four layers. SETTING: Six community clinics held in health centres in Riverside District Health Authority supported by the Charing Cross vascular surgical service. @entity1 : All @entity1 referred to the community services with leg @entity1066 , irrespective of cause and duration of @entity1066 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time to complete healing by the life table method. RESULTS: 550 ulcerated legs were seen in 475 @entity1 of mean (SD) age 73.8 (11.9) years. There were 477 @entity3179 of median size 4.2 cm2 (range 0.1-117 cm2), 128 being larger than 10 cm2. These @entity1066 had been present for a median of three months (range one week to 63 years) with 150 present for over one year. Four layer bandaging in the community clinics achieved complete healing in 318 (69%) @entity3179 by 12 weeks and 375 (83%) by 24 weeks. There were 56 @entity1 with an ankle/brachial arterial pressure index < 0.8, indicating @entity455 . The 50 @entity1 with pressure index < 0.8 > 0.5 were treated with reduced compression, and 24 (56%) healed by 12 weeks and 31 (75%) by 24 weeks. The figures for overall healing for all leg @entity1066 were 351/550 (67%) at 12 weeks and 417/550 (81%) at 24 weeks, compared with only 11/51 (22%) at 12 weeks before the community clinics were set up. CONCLUSIONS: Community clinics for @entity3179 offer an effective means of achieving healing in most @entity1 with leg @entity1066 .

title: Community clinics for leg XXXX and impact on healing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcers', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine in hemodialysis @entity1 the pattern of low trauma @entity174 , the ability of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to discriminate between @entity1 with and without @entity174 , and the magnitude, distribution and mechanism of @entity604 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity1 were studied. @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured by DXA at lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and 3 radius sites (UD, MID and 1/3R). In 11 @entity1 (12.5%), 16 @entity174 occurred and were predominant at the distal forearm and ribs. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity174 had a significatively lower @entity79 Z-score at LS (-1.34 +/- 1.66 vs -0.42 +/- 1.23), at FN (-1.58 +/- 1.25 vs -0.60 +/- 1.01), at MID radius (-2.59 +/- 1.34 vs -0.93 +/- 1.76) and 1/3 radius (-1.62 +/- 1.60 vs -0.39 +/- 1.32). They also had a longer history of dialysis (113 +/- 64 vs 53 +/- 65 months). Prevalence of @entity170 varied from 23% at LS to 50% at MID radius. CONCLUSION: Multiple regression analysis showed that there was no influence of gender, age, parathormone status and primary @entity8 on @entity79 . However, at FN, UD, MID and 1/3 radius, a significantly negative correlation was found between length of dialysis and @entity79 Z-score. By contrast at LS, there was a positive correlation between age at onset of dialysis and @entity79 Z-score. Despite occurrence of @entity174 at the @entity292 forearm, @entity79 levels were similar in both arms.

title: @entity174 and bone mineral density in hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Allelic loss on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) is considered to be one of the early detectable events in the pathogenesis of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Conflicting reports, however, suggest that this event may be absent in some @entity703 . The present study attempts to further define subgroups of @entity703 associated with 3p deletions. In addition, we have also attempted to identify late genetic events associated with tumorigenesis and @entity5 progression. Eighty-two primary @entity703 (69 @entity1358 and 13 @entity5 ) were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis directed at chromosomes 3, 11p, 17p, and 18q. Results were correlated with histopathological information. Deletions of 3p were seen in nonpapillary @entity1358 of all cell types, but were absent in oncocytic and most @entity5 . Among the 60 nonpapillary @entity1358 , significant correlations were seen between deletion of 17p and @entity5 grade (P = 0.037), P stage (P = 0.027), and nodal metastases (P = 0.042). We therefore conclude that 3p deletions, although not specific to any cell type or histological pattern of @entity1358 , are seen in a majority of clear cell nonpapillary @entity1358 but are absent in oncocytic and most @entity5 . Additional allelic losses on chromosome 17p are associated with @entity1442 and, therefore, may be related to @entity5 progression. Further studies on larger series of @entity1 with extended follow-up will be necessary to investigate the prognostic value of molecular genetic markers in @entity1358 .

title: Allelic deletions in XXXX : histopathological correlations.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'papillary tumors', 'oncocytic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of positive and negative symptoms of @entity161 and the predominant @entity751 leading to hospitalization. DESIGN: A randomized, retrospective, case-controlled study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Conducted at Government Mental Hospital, Peshawar, from April 2001 to March 2002. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred cases were randomly (each fifth @entity1 ) selected from all the admissions with the DSM-IV diagnosis of @entity161 , matched controls were randomly (each fifth @entity1 ) selected from the outdoor @entity1 . Both sexes were included. PANSS scale was applied to determine the predominant positive and negative symptoms of @entity161 . An additional aggression risk profile was designed. SPSS version 10 was used for statistical analysis. The applied method for group comparison was the student s t-test. RESULTS: The mean age of study group was 33.6 +/- 8.93 years, most @entity1 were @entity1 , the onset of illness was typically in the late 20's. The study group had predominantly more relapses and history of previous hospitalizations. The PANSS positive and negative score were statistically significant (p-value 0.004 and 0.030) respectively. Composite scores were statistically not significant. The aggression risk profile scores of the study group and controls were statistically significant with (p-value 0.006). CONCLUSION: The PANSS positive and PANSS negative scores are statistically significant, supporting the notion of two syndromes of positive and negative symptoms of @entity161 . Aggression risk profile symptoms are positively correlated to hospitalization.

title: XXXX and hospitalization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['cluster of symptoms']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intraoperative @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) infusion during @entity1875 intravenous anesthesia on postoperative recovery after major spinal surgery. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 aged 18 to 65 (American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA I-II), scheduled for spinal surgery from January 2014 to May 2014 were randomized into two groups. The @entity9170 group (n=30) received 0.5  g/kg of @entity9170 ten minutes before anesthesic induction, followed by an infusion of @entity9170 at 0.2  g/(kg*h) intraoperatively and the control group (n=30) was given identical amounts of normal saline. At the end of surgery, the @entity1 of both groups received @entity1 -controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with @entity1286 0.5 mg/h (1 mg demand dose and 8 min lockout). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were continually monitored during operation and in the post-anesthesia care unit ( @entity16073 ). The @entity1875 and @entity681 consumptions during operation and the @entity1286 consumption 48 h after surgery were recorded. The time for recovery and extubation were recorded. The followed-up evaluations were performed to assess Ramsay scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) @entity158 scores as well as side effects in @entity16073 and 48 h after surgery. RESULTS: Heart rate of @entity9170 group was lower than that of control group after intubation and extubation and in @entity16073 10 min (P<0.05). MAP was lower in @entity9170 group than that in control group after extubation and in @entity16073 (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the @entity1875 consumption during anesthesic induction, the @entity681 consumption during operation and the cumulative consumption of @entity1286 2 h and 6 h after surgery were decreased (P<0.05). There were no differences between the two groups as to the time for recovery or extubation. Compared with control group, the @entity227 scores were significantly decreased (P<0.01), the incidence of @entity1209 in @entity9170 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05) 48 h after surgery. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative infusion of @entity9170 improved quality of recovery, provided good analgesia, and decreased @entity1286 use and the incidence of @entity1209 after major spinal surgery.

title: [Effect of XXXX infusion on postoperative recovery for @entity1 undergoing major spinal surgery during @entity1875 anesthesia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph nodes can be used routinely as a first-line diagnostic test. The majority of studies reveal a malignant cause for palpable supraclavicular lymph nodes. The present audit further emphasizes the use of FNAC as a first-line investigation for the evaluation of enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes. METHODS: A total of 200 cases of palpable supraclavicular lymph node(s) were included in the present study. RESULTS: Left supraclavicular lymph nodes were found to be more commonly involved (59.5% cases). Sixty-four per cent cases showed metastatic deposits and 13.5% cases were diagnosed as @entity378 . Ten per cent cases showed @entity12293 ; 0.5% (one) case showed only @entity39 and on autopsy, a microscopic focus of @entity1466 was found in the testis. In 7.5% cases, diagnostic material could not be aspirated despite repeated attempts. @entity5 were from lung (22% cases), breast (16.4% cases), cervix (11% cases) and oesophagus (8.6% cases). In 13.3% cases the primary site was unknown and the diagnosis of @entity5 first came from FNAC. CONCLUSION: The present study further highlights the importance of FNAC as a first-line diagnostic modality in the evaluation of @entity3329 . A full history, radiological findings and immunochemistry in difficult cases can help to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

title: Pathology of XXXX in Chandigarh, north India: an audit of 200 cases diagnosed by needle aspiration.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['supraclavicular lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Common metastatic tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity12293 :: ('MESH:D019310', 'Disease') :: ['reactive lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['supraclavicular lymphadenopathy']


abstract: The optimum duration of anticoagulation therapy for @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) is not clear. We have carried out a multicentre comparison of 4 weeks' and 3 months' anticoagulation in @entity1 admitted to hospital with acute @entity1150 , @entity1151 , or both. Of 712 @entity1 enrolled, 358 were assigned 4 weeks' treatment and 354 3 months'. Objective confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained in 71%. @entity1151 caused or contributed to death in 7 @entity1 (3 treated for 4 weeks, 4 for 3 months). Adverse effects were uncommon, although 1 @entity1 (4-week group) died of @entity548 . The numbers of @entity1 whose @entity1031 failed to resolve on treatment was lower in the 3-month group than in the 4-week group (13 [3.7%] vs 24 [6.7%], p = 0.10) as was the number who had recurrences (14 [4.0%] vs 28 [7.8%], p = 0.04). Among @entity1 with @entity1150 or @entity1151 the rate of treatment failure and recurrence was low (2.6%) and there was little difference between the treatment groups. By contrast, among medical @entity1 the rate was 12.8%, with a clear difference in favour of 3 months' treatment. If @entity1211 arises after surgery, 4 weeks of anticoagulation should be adequate. In other settings, @entity1 with new @entity1150 , @entity1151 , or both, who do not have a persisting underlying cause or risk factor should receive anticoagulants for 3 months.

title: Optimum duration of anticoagulation for @entity1150 and XXXX . Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'postoperative DVT', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: Adenovirus SV-20 (ASV-20) was inoculated subcutaneously into adult @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ), and various immunologic parameters were studied. Similar changes were observed in macaques that had anti-ASV-20 serum-neutralizing antibodies prior to inoculation and in those lacking detectable antibodies. There were absolute decreases in numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), erythrocyte-rosetting lymphocytes, complement-receptor lymphocytes, and Fc-receptor lymphocytes. These changes were most significant (P less than 0.05) on @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 3 and 7. Mitogenic responsiveness to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen in cultured PBL from immune and nonimmune macaques was @entity308 on @entity227 3, 7, and 14. Ultraviolet-inactivated ASV-20 caused moderate suppression of phytohemagglutinin-induced mitogenesis when viral particles and lectin were added simultaneously to PBL cultures. Plasma @entity701 ( @entity701 ) values were not significantly altered following inoculation of ASV-20. High titers of anti-ASV-20 antibody developed by @entity227 7 in nonimmune macaques, and previously immune macaques showed a booster effect in the same time period. Antibody titers were still increased 120 days after inoculation. There was no clinical evidence of an adverse effect of ASV-20 infection in these macaques.

title: Responses of immune and nonimmune adult XXXX ( @entity2608 ) to adenovirus SV-20.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Macaca mulatta', 'rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'postinoculation days']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaques']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology that can cause severe @entity1834 . @entity3303 has anti-inflammatory properties and exerts effects on nerve endings and intra-peritoneal macrophages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pertubation with Ringer- @entity3303 on @entity1834 in @entity1 with @entity46 . METHODS: A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was carried out at three sites in Stockholm, Sweden. Eligible @entity1 had @entity46 as diagnosed by laparoscopy, @entity158 >VAS 50 mm (visual analogue scale) and patent Fallopian tubes. The study @entity1 were randomized sequentially to preovulatory pertubations with placebo (n= 18) or study treatment (n= 24) during three consecutive menstrual cycles. The pertubation procedure comprised passing study solution through the uterine cavity and the Fallopian tubes via an intra-cervical balloon catheter. The effect on @entity158 was evaluated with VAS scales before and after the treatments and up to nine menstrual cycles after the last pertubation. Success was defined as a reduction of >=  50% on the VAS scale after the third pertubation. The success rate between the treatment and the placebo group was compared with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: In the intention-to-treat analysis, the success rate was 41.7% (10 of 24) in the treatment group compared with 16.7% (3 of 18) in the placebo group (P= 0.10, 95% CI -7.3 to 36.2%). In the per protocol analysis, the success rate in the treatment group was 45% (9 of 20) compared with 7.1% (1 of 14) in the placebo group (P= 0.024, 95% CI -2.6 to 44.8%). Of the nine @entity1 in the @entity3303 group who fulfilled the criteria for success after three pertubations, 4 (44%) had an effect persisting after nine months. The treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: This small RCT indicates that pertubation with @entity3303 is a non-hormonal treatment option for @entity1 with @entity1834 and @entity46 . ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01329796.

title: Pertubation with XXXX as a new treatment of @entity1834 due to @entity46 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lignocaine', 'lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'dysmenorrhoic pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lignocaine']


abstract: To determine how @entity23392 , an anti-oestrogen @entity42332 derivate, reduces @entity5 mass, we investigated its modulation of @entity2533 and @entity310 in @entity81 fibroblasts. Normal and @entity81 fibroblasts, isolated from @entity1 affected by @entity4511 without or with @entity81 manifestation, were cultured in vitro. Secretion of GAG, collagen and @entity2533 was increased in @entity81 fibroblasts compared to healthy cells. The increase in @entity2533 secretion into the medium was associated with a parallel increase in @entity2533 gene expression and receptor number. Receptor cross-linking studies using radiolabelled @entity2533 revealed more receptors, particularly types I and II, in @entity81 fibroblasts than in normal cells. Normal and @entity81 fibroblasts did not synthesise @entity310 , but they had @entity310 membrane receptors, as shown by @entity310 assay. @entity310 secreted by @entity1 monocytes, which may be present in the peritumoral area, increased cell proliferation and GAG accumulation and was, in turn, enhanced by @entity2533 treatment. Both growth factors increased angiogenesis, as shown by the CAM assay. @entity23392 reduced @entity2533 secretion by @entity81 fibroblasts and @entity310 secretion by monocytes, thus downregulating cell proliferation, ECM macromolecule accumulation and angiogenic progression. We hypothesise that increased @entity2533 gene expression and @entity2533 secretion in @entity81 fibroblasts as well as the subsequent rise in @entity310 production by monocytes may facilitate @entity81 growth and that @entity23392 inhibits autocrine and paracrine growth factor production.

title: Effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha on cultured fibroblasts from skin XXXX as modulated by @entity23392 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene', 'Toremifene']

entities_list: @entity4511 :: ('MESH:D005736', 'Disease') :: ["Gardner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity42332 :: ('MESH:C037749', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenylethylene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['fibroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the antipyretic efficacy of @entity5018 , placebo, and @entity1443 . DESIGN: Double-dummy, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Emergency department and inpatient units of a large, metropolitan, university-based, @entity1 's hospital in Michigan. @entity1 : 37 otherwise healthy @entity1 aged 2 to 12 years with acute, intercurrent, @entity221 . INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 was randomly assigned to receive a single dose of @entity1443 (10 mg/kg), @entity5018 (7.5 or 10 mg/kg), or placebo. MEASUREMENTS/MAIN RESULTS: Oral temperature was measured before dosing, 30 minutes after dosing, and hourly thereafter for 8 hours after the dose. @entity1 were monitored for adverse effects during the study and 24 hours after administration of the assigned drug. All three active treatments produced significant antipyresis compared with placebo. @entity5018 provided greater temperature decrement and longer duration of antipyresis than @entity1443 when the two drugs were administered in approximately equal doses. No adverse effects were observed in any treatment group. CONCLUSION: @entity5018 is a potent antipyretic agent and is a safe alternative for the selected febrile @entity1 who may benefit from antipyretic medication but who either cannot take or does not achieve satisfactory antipyresis with @entity1443 .

title: Antipyretic efficacy of @entity5018 vs XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The armamentarium for the treatment of @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) is increasing rapidly. Several oral treatments have shown benefit and will generate much interest because of the convenience of such administration. However, availability of convenient oral drugs will not necessarily translate into clinical effectiveness and safety. Here, we provide an interim report about the mechanisms of action, and efficacy and safety results that have been reported since January, 2010, for five new oral drugs. Additionally, we draw attention to issues that neurologists and @entity1 will encounter when considering the use of new oral drugs. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: Positive results have been reported for five new oral drugs for @entity3780 --fingolimod, @entity8778 , @entity1291 , @entity20084 , and @entity15626 --in phase 3 studies; a few new oral drugs are likely to be approved for @entity3780 soon. WHERE NEXT?: Emerging oral treatments are ushering in a new era in the treatment of @entity15 , providing not only new treatment options but also new challenges. Since data for some of the new drugs have not been reported in peer-reviewed journals yet and safety profiles are not yet fully developed, opinions about the use of these new oral drugs in practice are preliminary and tentative. Practice will evolve with time as information and experience accumulates. Of importance will be results from comparator trials, information about management of @entity1 with @entity66 , results from long-term safety studies, and results of studies to assess the potential for neuroprotective effects of the new drugs.

title: Oral treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['cladribine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough disease']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl fumarate']

entities_list: @entity1291 :: ('MESH:C527525', 'Chemical') :: ['teriflunomide']

entities_list: @entity20084 :: ('MESH:C476223', 'Chemical') :: ['laquinimod']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The New South Wales Central Cancer Registry (NSW CCR) is the only population-based @entity5 registry in Australia that has routinely collected summary stage at diagnosis since its inception in 1972. However, a large proportion of @entity263 cases have "unknown" stage recorded by the registry. We investigated the characteristics of @entity263 cases with "unknown" stage recorded by the NSW CCR, and examined survival for this group. METHODS: Data were obtained from the NSW CCR for all first primary @entity263 cases diagnosed in 1999-2007. Summary stage was recorded as localised, regional, distant or "unknown". Associations between disease stage and @entity1 characteristics (age, place of residence at diagnosis, year of diagnosis and country of birth) and @entity263 specific survival were investigated using multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models respectively. RESULTS: Of 39852 @entity263 cases, 41.8% had "unknown" stage recorded by the NSW CCR. This proportion decreased significantly over time, increased with increasing age at diagnosis and was higher for those living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. The proportion with "unknown" stage varied across area health services. @entity263 specific survival for cases with "unknown" stage was significantly poorer than for those with localised stage but better than for those with regional or distant stage. CONCLUSIONS: Researchers or others using @entity5 registry stage data to examine @entity263 outcomes need to consider the differences between cases with "unknown" stage at diagnosis and those with known stage recorded by the registry, and what impact this may have on their results.

title: Characteristics of cases with unknown @entity5 in a population-based XXXX registry.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if participation in @entity14 screening using faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is affected by a restrictive diet and if it is associated with certain demographic variables. @entity1 AND SETTING: 1,203 residents of South Australia aged 50-69 years, with no "currently @entity29 ", randomly selected from a database of @entity1 willing to be contacted about unspecified health issues. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial: @entity1 were offered screening by immunochemical FOBT by mail in 1998. Half were randomly allocated to a group instructed to follow a low-peroxidase diet, as required for guaiac FOBT, while the other group was not so restricted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of diet restriction on participation (return of correctly completed FOBT sample cards within 15 weeks); time taken to return cards; relationships between participation and demographic variables. RESULTS: Participation rates were 65.9% (no-diet group) and 53.3% (diet group) (difference, 12.6%; 95% CI, 7.1%-18.1%). In the first week, rates of return as a proportion of all tests returned were 13.1% (no-diet) and 1.6% (diet) (difference, 11.5%; 95% CI, 8.6%-14.4%), increasing to 54.3% and 44.5%, respectively, after five weeks (difference, 9.8%; 95% CI, 4.2%-15.4%). Participation was significantly associated with older age (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.10-1.78), but not sex, Index of Social Disadvantage or rural versus urban address. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary restrictions create a barrier to FOBT-based screening for @entity14 . The use of immunochemical rather than guaiac FOBT removes this barrier.

title: Effect of dietary restriction on participation in faecal occult blood test screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['active bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy with @entity4936 combined with intravitreal @entity2713 in @entity1940 secondary to @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. @entity1 : One hundred eighty-four @entity1 undergoing treatment for neovascular @entity1020 at one retinal referral center. METHODS: One hundred eighty-four eyes of 184 consecutive @entity1 (63.6% female, 36.4% male) with a mean age of 76.5 years and a follow-up of a median of 38.8 weeks (range, 12-103) were included in a case series. One hundred forty-eight (80.4%) @entity1 had subfoveal @entity1940 , 19 @entity1 (10.3%) had juxtafoveal @entity1940 , and 17 @entity1 (9.2%) had extrafoveal @entity1940 . Verteporfin photodynamic therapy was performed using the recommended standard procedure. A solution containing 25 mg of @entity2713 was injected intravitreally 16 hours after photodynamic therapy in 184 @entity1 . The combined therapy procedure was repeated at the 3-month follow-up visits whenever persistent @entity1940 was documented angiographically. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean change in best-refracted visual acuity (VA) between baseline and the last visit, and number of treatments necessary to achieve absence of leakage. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved in the majority of @entity1 (baseline VA, mean 20/125) by a mean increase of 1.22 Snellen lines and 1.43 lines using laser interferometry (P<0.01). The mean number of required treatments was 1.21. Twenty-three eyes (12.5%) required 2 treatments, 6 eyes (3.26%) required 3 treatments, and 1 eye (0.5%) required 4 treatments. The combination treatment including laser and intravitreal @entity134 administration was well tolerated. Forty-six @entity1 (25%) required @entity726 therapy due to a transient @entity134 -induced intraocular pressure (IOP) increase. Twelve @entity1 (6.5%) were on topical medication for preexisting @entity726 . Two @entity1 (1%) whose IOP increase could not be controlled with topical therapy required surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Verteporfin photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal @entity2713 may improve the outcome of standard verteporfin photodynamic therapy in the treatment of @entity1940 secondary to @entity1020 . A significant improvement in VA was observed in a majority of treated @entity1 and was maintained during the maximum follow-up. In addition, retreatment rates were lower than anticipated.

title: @entity4936 therapy combined with intravitreal @entity2713 in all types of @entity1940 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4936 :: ('MESH:C098350', 'Chemical') :: ['verteporfin']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization leakage', 'choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: @entity1311 , an antimicrotubule agent, has shown promise for efficacy in treatment of @entity0 , but severe @entity56 reactions led to cessation of many phase I clinical trials. Consequently, investigators and the National @entity5 Institute recommended that phase I and II studies of this agent use 24-hour infusions and antiallergic medications. Using a premedication regimen effective in preventing @entity56 reactions, we have performed a phase II trial of @entity1311 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . @entity1311 was administered to 25 @entity1 at a dose of 250 mg/m2 by 24-hour infusion every 21 days. These @entity1 had received only one prior chemotherapy regimen, either adjuvant to surgery or for @entity3 ; all but two had received @entity632 . In 60% of the @entity1 , the dominant site of disease was the viscera. All @entity1 were assessable. In April 1991, at a median time on study of 9 months (range, 5-13+ months), the objective response rate was 56% (12% complete and 44% partial; 95% confidence interval, 35%-76%). Disease progressed in only 8% of the @entity1 . The median number of courses of therapy was 11. @entity3028 was the dose-limiting toxic effect, but @entity1398 with @entity221 occurred in only 5% of 232 courses. A chronic glove-and-stocking @entity16 developed in most @entity1 , but no @entity56 occurred. We conclude that @entity1311 is an active agent in the treatment of metastatic @entity0 and that it warrants continued study. Currently, we are conducting a phase I trial of @entity1311 plus @entity632 . Future trials should address the optimal effective dose, the optimal sequencing of combinations, mechanisms of drug resistance in @entity5 , and dose-limiting toxic effects (particularly cardiac toxic effects of @entity1311 given as a single agent or in drug combinations).

title: Phase II trial of @entity1311 , an active drug in the treatment of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['Granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Educational objectives at the conclusion of this presentation, the @entity1 should be able to identify the different criteria that lead to the surgical approach rather than to the medical treatment (radiation therapy - @entity138 --and/or chemotherapy--CT). Introduction. When we have to deal with medium or big recurrence of an oral or oropharingeal @entity5 is very difficult to make the right choice between the surgical or medical therapy: what we have to ask to ourselves is whether is legitimate to reoperate considering the sequences due to surgery and the results expected. Methods. From January 1997 to December 2002 we have treated by surgery 135 @entity1 (mean age, 54) with oral and/or @entity957 ( @entity6461 ). The percentage of local recurrence was 30% (41/135 @entity1 ) and nodal recurrence was 6% (8/135 pt). Twenty-two/53 @entity1 underwent to a salvage surgery; the others 31 @entity1 to a @entity138 and/or CT therapy. Conclusion. The overall survival was 29% in surgical @entity1 after 3 years and 14% after 5; in the other @entity1 the survival was 11% after 3 and 3% after 5 years. The comparison between the results in case of recurrent @entity5 of this distrect shows that the best approach is the surgery, where is possible; the choice is conditioned by the following parameters: the extension of the @entity5 , primary and recurrent; the presence of lymph node or distant metastases; time of recurrence; grading and histological characteristics of the @entity5 and performance status of @entity1 .

title: [Role of salvage surgery in the recurrence of mouth and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharingeal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharynx tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship between the quantitatively assessed @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) and clinical profiles of cognitive and motor ability in Chinese @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: We gave the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), which includes the @entity1062 , to evaluate the cognitive function of 102 outpatients with @entity191 . We also gave the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) II and III and the Hoehn-Yahr scale to evaluate the @entity1 ' motor function and disease severity, respectively. We used Maeshima's method for quantitative assessment of the @entity1062 , and calculated @entity1062 errors by adding incomplete connections and plane-drawing errors. We divided the @entity1 into 2 groups based on normal (no errors) versus abnormal (>= 1 errors) @entity1062 scores. RESULTS: We found 34 @entity1 with normal scores and 68 with abnormal scores. The 2 groups had significant differences in age of onset, MoCA score, @entity191 , and @entity73 rate. @entity1062 errors correlated inversely with cognitive domains except for orientation. Executive function was most commonly affected in both groups. We found correlations between numbers of @entity10522 , fine hand movement, postural instability and gait disorders, @entity191 , and @entity73 rates. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitatively assessed @entity1062 may be useful in estimating @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity191 , and in monitoring disease progression.

title: Usefulness of cube copying in evaluating clinical profiles of XXXX with @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and motor deterioration', 'cognitive and motor dysfunction', 'cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['CCT errors and left-limb movement']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'UPDRS II and III scores', "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['cube-copying test', 'CCT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in detecting residual blast cells in testicular biopsies from @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ). In a prospective study of 26 @entity1 , testicular biopsies were performed after completion of therapy, and the average follow-up after biopsies was 29 months. After immunostaining, seven @entity1 with negative biopsies on routine histology showed scattered, strongly calla-positive cells as well as cells reacting with anti-B ( @entity10317 ) MoAb. Among these seven @entity1 with residual blast cells, four had relapsed either in @entity1062 (n = 1), bone marrow and @entity1062 (n = 1), or in the bone marrow (n = 2). In contrast, among the 15 @entity1 without residual blast cells, all but 1 remained in complete remission. In four other cases no definite conclusion was possible after immunohistochemical study. Four testicular biopsies from @entity1 with occult infiltration were used as positive controls. Negative controls consisted of testicular biopsies from @entity1 with @entity10523 and postmortem testicular tissue specimens. Results suggest that the risk of relapse is significantly higher in @entity1 with positive immunohistochemical findings indicating persistent residual blast cells. However, the predictive value of these findings requires confirmation on a larger number of cases to have therapeutic implications.

title: Immunohistochemical detection of post-therapy residual testicular lymphoblasts in childhood @entity981 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular ectopia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['ALL']


abstract: Our objective was to evaluate the impact of acquisition time on image quality, lesion detection rate, standardized uptake values, and lesion volume for @entity419 PET in @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: Over 7 mo, 33 @entity5 @entity1 were included in this study. In these @entity1 , 63 lesions were independently evaluated by 2 nuclear medicine specialists (experienced and beginner). Two consecutive whole-body @entity419 PET/CT scans using a 3-min and 1.5-min acquisition time per bed position were obtained for each @entity1 . Lesions were visually identified, and their locations were compared. The lesion volumes and standardized uptake values of the @entity5 , lymph nodes, and @entity3 were determined and compared. Image quality was scored using a 5-range Likert-type scale. For all parameters, interobserver agreement was assessed. RESULTS: All relevant lesions could be identified at both acquisition times. Image quality was slightly adversely affected by an acquisition time of 1.5 min but was excellent or good in 85% of the scans. In a @entity1 with increased blood sugar levels, the image quality was rated moderate at 3 min and poor at 1.5 min. The quality of lesion visualization was excellent regardless of the acquisition time. Lesion volume and maximum standardized uptake value on PET images showed an excellent correlation between the 2 acquisition times (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.99 and 0.97, respectively). Interobserver agreement was excellent (k > 0.83). CONCLUSION: Although image quality is slightly poorer, reducing the acquisition time to 1.5 min per bed position seems to be clinically feasible without decreasing the lesion detection rate even for less experienced observers.

title: The impact of acquisition time on image quality in whole-body XXXX PET/CT for @entity5 staging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: The aroH gene of @entity526 , which encodes the @entity2340 -sensitive @entity44142 synthase isoenzyme of the common aromatic biosynthetic pathway, was cloned behind the tac promoter in expression plasmid pKK223-3. The enzyme was overexpressed, purified to homogeneity, and characterized. The native enzyme was found to be a dimeric metalloprotein containing 0.3 mol of @entity68 per mol of subunit and variable amounts of @entity219 . The activity of the native enzyme was stimulated two- to threefold when assayed in the presence of @entity8798 ions. Pretreatment of the enzyme with @entity8798 also resulted in activation, accompanied by an equivalent increase in @entity68 content. Treatment of the enzyme with chelating agents led to inactivation, which was fully reversed by the presence of @entity8798 in the assay mixture. The native enzyme exhibited a unique absorption profile, having a shoulder of absorbance on the aromatic band with a maximum around 350 nm and a broad, weak band with a maximum around 500 nm. Treatment of the enzyme with @entity8798 enhanced the absorbance at 350 nm and eliminated the band at 500 nm. Treatment with reducing agents caused the disappearance of both bands and destabilized the enzyme. Feedback regulation of the activity of the enzyme was specific for @entity2340 , with maximum inhibition at about 70%.

title: Purification and properties of @entity2340 -sensitive @entity44142 synthase from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity44142 :: ('MESH:C013469', 'Chemical') :: ['3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Obesity is a major risk factor for @entity102 including @entity65 . Divergent associations between @entity28 and hormonal changes have been reported. The objective of the present study was to analyse the associations between anthropometric measurements and hormone levels including serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, @entity442 , and @entity251 . Form the cross-sectional Study of Health in Pomerania 1 @entity1 and 1 864 @entity1 aged 20-79 years were included in the analyses. Serum TSH, prolactin, @entity442 , and @entity251 levels were determined by immunochemiluminescent procedures. Body height, weight as well as waist and hip circumferences were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Our analyses revealed inverse linear associations of waist and hip circumferences, BMI and WHtR with serum TSH levels and linear associations between waist circumference as well as WHtR and serum prolactin levels in @entity1 . In @entity1 , inverse linear and quadratic associations between anthropometric parameters and serum @entity442 as well as serum @entity251 levels were found. Additionally, @entity1 with high waist circumference had more often low serum @entity442 or @entity251 levels and less often high serum @entity442 or @entity251 levels compared to @entity1 with low waist circumference. These sex-specific differences should be noted in studies regarding hormones and @entity28 .

title: Associations of anthropometric parameters with serum TSH, prolactin, @entity442 , and XXXX levels: results of the study of health in Pomerania (SHIP).

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: Type I protein kinase A (PKAI) is overexpressed in the majority of @entity1 @entity5 and plays a relevant role in neoplastic transformation, conveying mitogenic signals of different growth factors and oncogenes. Inhibition of PKAI by antisense oligonucleotides targeting its RIalpha regulatory subunit results in @entity5 cell growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. We have recently shown that a mixed backbone oligonucleotide targeting RIalpha can cooperatively inhibit @entity1 @entity5 cell growth when combined with selected cytotoxic drugs. In the present study, we have used @entity51573 , a novel DNA/RNA hybrid mixed backbone oligonucleotide that exhibits improved pharmacokinetic and bioavailability properties in vivo and is presently undergoing Phase I trials. We have shown that @entity51573 exhibits a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ZR-75-1 cells and a cooperative activity with @entity1205 , a cytotoxic drug active in @entity0 . The antiproliferative activity is accompanied by increased apoptosis, as compared with each single agent. On the basis of our previous demonstration of a structural and functional relation between PKAI and @entity470 , we have performed a double blockade of these pathways using @entity51573 in combination with monoclonal antibody (MAb) C225, an anti- @entity470 chimeric MAb. The two compounds determined a cooperative growth inhibitory effect on ZR-75-1 cells and increased apoptosis. To study whether different biological agents and cytotoxic drugs can interact together, low doses of @entity51573 , MAb C225, and @entity1205 were combined causing an even greater cooperative effect toward growth inhibition. Finally, we have demonstrated that each single agent is able to induce @entity588 phosphorylation and that the three agents, used in combination at suboptimal doses, determine a greater degree of @entity588 phosphorylation and cause apoptosis of the majority of ZR-75-1 cells. These findings provide the basis for a novel strategy of treatment of @entity0 @entity1 because both @entity51573 and MAb C225 are presently under clinical evaluation.

title: Cooperative inhibitory effect of novel mixed backbone oligonucleotide targeting protein kinase A in combination with @entity1205 and anti- @entity470 antibody on @entity1 XXXX cell growth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cuff of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is preferred to be partially inflated before insertion in pediatric cases. However, it is not known how much inflation is appropriate. In addition, intra-cuff pressure is not routinely monitored in many institutions despite the fact that a neglected high cuff pressure could cause several complications. This study was conducted to determine whether the cuff inflated with its resting volume before insertion could have a clinically tolerable intra-cuff pressure after insertion. METHODS: One hundred fifty unpremedicated @entity1 aged 0 to 9 yrs were enrolled. The pilot balloon valve was connected to a piston-free syringe to keep the valve open to the atmosphere and allowing the pressure within the cuff of to LMA to equalize to atmospheric pressure. Anesthesia was induced with 6 vol% of @entity2614 in @entity26 . After insertion and final positioning of the LMA, the intra-cuff pressure was measured using a cuff pressure manometer. RESULTS: The mean intra-cuff pressure was 50    12.9 cm @entity2507 ; intra-cuff pressures were 39.1    9.3, 51.6    11.2, and 64.6    12.5 cm @entity2507 for LMAs of sizes 1.5, 2, and 2.5, respectively. Intra-cuff pressure of more than 60 cm @entity2507 was measured in 26 @entity1 , and the median value was 70 cm @entity2507 . There was weak statistical correlation among age, height, and weight with intra-cuff pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The cuff inflated by the resting volume before insertion may be a simple method for guaranteeing tolerable cuff pressure after insertion.

title: A simple method of partial inflation of the LMA cuff before insertion in XXXX to allow cuff pressure without adjustment after insertion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comparative study of @entity681 and @entity3575 on @entity2146 in pediatric @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study in 80 preschool @entity1 admitted at the Pediatric Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China between March 2011 and April 2012. They underwent sevoflurane anesthesia for elective repair of @entity169 . @entity1 received a single intravenous dose of @entity681 0.15 ug/kg or @entity3575 1.5 ug/kg just before skin incision. The @entity2146 scale and the frequency of severe @entity2146 were measured. @entity1 who required additional @entity3575 during surgery and postoperative rescue @entity3575 were recorded. Recovery time and the incidence of adverse effects were assessed. RESULTS: The mean @entity2146 scores were significantly lower in the @entity681 group compared with the @entity3575 group (9.1+/-3.5 versus 12+/-3.8; 95% confidence interval [1.27+/-0.53]; p=0.001). The frequency of severe @entity2146 was 27.5% in the @entity681 group and 50% in the @entity3575 group (p=0.039). Significantly fewer @entity1 in the @entity681 group received additional @entity3575 during surgery compared to the @entity3575 group (5% versus 20%; p=0.043) and significantly fewer @entity1 in the @entity681 group received one dose of postoperative rescue @entity3575 compared to the @entity3575 group (17.5% versus 42.5%; p=0.015). The incidence of @entity391 was significantly higher in the @entity3575 group than in the @entity681 group (p=0.023). CONCLUSION: In preschool @entity1 undergoing repair of @entity169 with sevoflurane anesthesia, compared with a single dose of 1.5 ug/kg @entity3575 , 0.15 ug/kg @entity681 before skin incision can significantly decrease the incidence of @entity2146 without delaying the recovery time.

title: The effect of small dose XXXX on @entity2146 in preschool @entity1 following sevoflurane anesthesia for elective repair of @entity169 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['emergence agitation']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity681 :: (MESH:D017409,Chemical) :: ['sufentanil']


abstract: @entity174 of the radial head are indications for early surgery. The resection is unsatisfactorily leading often to an instable elbow in @entity85 and to painful troubles in the distal radio ulnar joint. Prosthesis implantation has its own problems. Reconstructive surgery is obviously the best solution. 21 internal fixations in 20 @entity1 were performed using small screws (and 2 plates) between 1968 and 1976. The functional and radiological results are excellent in 15 out of 19 controlled @entity1 . 3 @entity1 have a moderate reduction of the mobility, 1 @entity1 a non-union. -We were impressed by 4 operative observations: The @entity174 and the displacements use to be unexpectedly important. There is usually a periostal bridge between the head fragments and the neck. That is why complete devitalization of the articular fragments is rare. In about half of our cases we found an important @entity155 of the humeral articular cartilage. In 8 of 10 cases these @entity155 were interposed in the fragments of the radius. Their removal is necessary for the reduction. -These observations should influence the indication for reconstructive surgery in @entity174 of the radial head.

title: [Experiences with primary osteosynthesis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion', 'avulsions']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Displaced fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['radial head fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fatty livers are increasingly used for transplantation due to the dramatic organ shortage. While @entity1560 is an established risk factor for post-operative complications, the impact of macro- vs. @entity1560 on @entity63 is unclear. METHODS: The effects of @entity63 and reperfusion were tested in two different models of steatotic @entity19 : ob/ob as a model disclosing @entity1560 and @entity1877 deficient diet having mainly @entity1560 . @entity409 were subjected to 45 min of @entity63 . Serial markers of @entity99 , animal survival were measured. Hepatic tissue blood flow and portal vein perfusion were assessed. RESULTS: Ob/ob @entity19 had a significantly lower tolerance to @entity99 . with increased AST release and decreased survival in comparison to the @entity1877 deficient @entity19 . No difference in @entity855 content was found between both @entity1560 models, but hepatic perfusion and portal vein flow were significantly lower after reperfusion in the ob/ob @entity19 when compared to the @entity1877 deficient animals. Ischemic pre-conditioning significantly improved liver reperfusion and injury in both models of @entity1560 . CONCLUSIONS: Livers with @entity1560 have a lower tolerance to @entity63 than those with @entity1560 . Low intrahepatic and portal vein perfusion in macrovesicular @entity1560 is, at least partially, responsible for the poorer outcome.

title: XXXX livers with macrosteatosis are more susceptible to normothermic @entity63 than those with microsteatosis.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['macrovesicular steatosis', 'fatty livers', 'microvesicular steatosis', 'predominantly macrovesicular steatosis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Steatotic and lean livers']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia', 'hepatocellular injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: We have studied the incorporation of radioactive P (32P) into lipids of @entity291 parathyroid tissue under conditions of stimulated and inhibited hormone secretion. Utilizing low (0.5 mM) and high (3.0 mM) concentrations of @entity460 to regulate parathyroid hormone secretion, we initially found that the labeling of the cellular phospholipids with 32P was greater in those tissues incubated in high- @entity460 medium. Thin-layer chromatography of lipid extracts prepared from tissue incubated in either low- or high- @entity460 media revealed that the increased incorporation of 32P (high or low) was localized primarily to two phospholipids. To determine whether the increases were due directly to the different @entity460 concentrations, the experiments were performed in media containing normal @entity460 concentrations (1.25 mM) and low (0.5) or high (3.0) @entity1760 concentrations to modulate hormone secretion. The results were identical to those obtained using low and high @entity460 , indicating that the increased 32P incorporation was not an effect of high @entity460 but rather correlated with the inhibition of hormone secretion. The use of other secretagogues confirmed this correlation. The identity of the two phospholipids was established, by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, to be @entity4357 (PI) and @entity30768 (LPI). The correlation of increased 32P incorporation with inhibition of secretion led us next to examine isolated secretory granules from tissues exposed to either high-or low- @entity460 conditions. Thin-layer chromatography of granule lipid extracts yielded chromatograms containing PI and LPI, and the radioactivity of each was greater in the high- @entity460 sample than in the low- @entity460 sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion correlates with increased incorporation of 32P into XXXX and @entity30768 .

entities_list: @entity30768 :: ('MESH:C025449', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is clinically important to evaluate the severity of right ventricular (RV) overload in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), which is often associated with changes in the structure and the function of the right ventricle. Noninvasive and reliable assessment of RV function would be an essential determinant of RV load and a clinically useful factor for assessing cardiovascular risk in @entity1030 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical application value of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) systolic function measured by transthoracic echocardiography in @entity1 with @entity1030 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We prospectively investigated @entity1030 male @entity1 and compared them with healthy controls. In addition to RV conventional echocardiographic parameters, RVOT size and fractional shortening (RVOT-FS) parameters were also assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1030 @entity1 (all @entity1 ; mean age, 62        9  years) participated in the study, and were compared with a control group consisting of 21male, healthy, nonsmoking subjects with a mean age of 58        11  years. The RVOT-FS was impaired in @entity1030 @entity1 than healthy controls (27.8        15.5 vs. 57.5        8.6, p   <   0.001), and was correlated positively with tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE; r   =   0.583, p   <   0.001) and pulmonary acceleration time (r   =   0.666, p   <   0.001) and inversely with pulmonary artery systolic pressure (r   =   0.605, p   <   0.001) and functional capacity(r   =   -   0.589, p   <   0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in RVOT-FS among the @entity1030 subgroups with regard to New York Heart Association functional classification (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: The RVOT-FS is a noninvasive easily applicable measure of RV systolic function and is well correlated with functional capacity in @entity1030 @entity1 . Its combination with long-axis measurements via TAPSE and transtricuspid Doppler analysis may provide a comprehensive evaluation of the RV performance in @entity1030 @entity1 .

title: Right ventricular outflow tract function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Exercise increases @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ), phosphorylated cAMP response-element binding protein (pCREB), insulin-like growth factor ( @entity442 ) and @entity10593 , each of which has been implicated in neuroplastic processes underlying recovery from @entity63 . In this study we examined the temporal profile (0, 30, 60 and 120 min following exercise) of these proteins in the hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex following both motorized (60 min) and voluntary (12 h) running, 2 weeks after focal @entity63 . Our goal was to identify the optimal training paradigms (intensity, duration and frequency) needed to integrate endurance exercise in @entity64 rehabilitation. Therefore we utilized telemetry to measure changes in heart rate with both exercise methods. Our findings show that although the more intense, motorized running exercise induced a rapid increase in @entity2252 , the elevation was more short-lived than with @entity2798 . Motorized running was also associated with higher levels of @entity10593 in several brain regions but simultaneously, a more pronounced increase in the stress hormone, @entity2819 . Furthermore, both forms of exercise resulted in decreased phosphorylation of @entity10366 and downregulation of @entity10593 in hippocampus beginning 30 to 60 min after the exercise bout. This phenomenon was more robust after motorized running, the method that generated higher heart rate and serum @entity2819 levels. This immediate stress response is likely specific to acute exercise and may diminish with repeated exercise exposure. The present data illustrate a complex interaction between different forms of exercise and proteins implicated in neuroplasticity. For clinical application, frequent lower intensity exercise episodes (as in @entity2798 ), which may be safer to provide to @entity1 with @entity64 , has a delayed but sustained effect on @entity2252 that may support brain remodeling after @entity64 .

title: Exercise intensity influences the temporal profile of growth factors involved in neuronal plasticity following focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary running wheels', 'voluntary running']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: @entity9541 or plant @entity3150 (PS) are consumed as natural remedies and margarines by the general population in developed countries to lower elevated serum @entity165 levels. They are also present in high concentrations in pulp mill effluents. The aim of the study was to screen the endocrine and metabolic parameters of the European polecat (Mustela putorius) for the effects of PS. The results showed an increase in the plasma @entity53 and TH levels with no effects on the hypophyseal regulatory hormones. The plasma ghrelin levels decreased. PS also affected intermediary metabolism. The liver glycogen content increased as did the kidney @entity413 -6-phosphatase activity. The liver lipase esterase activity, on the other hand, decreased due to PS. In serum lipids the total @entity165 did not change, but the low-density lipoprotein levels increased and the high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 ratio decreased. PS had widespread previously unreported effects on the physiology of the polecat. The multiple effects indicate the need of a thorough risk assessment of the effects and interactions of PS.

title: XXXX act as endocrine and metabolic disruptors in the European polecat (Mustela putorius).

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity9541 :: ('MESH:D010840', 'Chemical') :: ['Phytosterols']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity9541 :: (MESH:D010840,Chemical) :: ['Phytosterols']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is largely an @entity342 -sensitive disease. @entity342 -deprivation therapy (ADT) generally has been used for @entity1 with @entity1442 . However, ADT is used increasingly as monotherapy for @entity1 with clinically localized disease. The objective of the current report was to describe the characteristics of @entity1 who underwent ADT for the management of localized disease. METHODS: Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Endeavor (CaPSURE), which is a national disease registry of @entity1 with @entity263 , was screened to identify @entity1 who received treatment with primary ADT (PADT) between 1989 and 2002 for clinically localized disease (T1-T3,Nx/N0,Mx/M0). Clinical data (including Gleason score, @entity1486 [PSA] level, and T classification) and sociodemographic data (including age, race, education, income, and insurance coverage) were analyzed with chi-square statistical tests. Time to failure data were analyzed using log-rank tests, the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. RESULTS: Of 7045 @entity1 , 993 @entity1 (14.1%) with clinically localized disease received primary ADT. Compared with @entity1 who underwent standard treatment, @entity1 who received PADT had higher risk disease (as defined by PSA level, T classification, and Gleason score) and had more comorbidities. @entity1 who underwent PADT were older, less educated, had lower income, and were more likely to have Medicare than private insurance. The dominant forms of hormone therapy were luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) monotherapy (48.6%) and combined @entity342 blockade (LHRH agonist and antiandrogens; 38.8%). At 5 years after the initiation of PADT, 67.3% of @entity1 still were receiving treatment with only @entity342 deprivation, 103 @entity1 (13.8%) had gone on to receive definitive second treatment (radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, or cryotherapy), 27 @entity1 (3.9%) underwent second-line therapy (chemotherapy or alternative hormone-deprivation therapy), 22 @entity1 (4.1%) died of @entity263 , and 146 @entity1 (19%) died of all causes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PADT therapy appeared to control disease in the majority of @entity1 who received it, at least for an intermediate period. However, such @entity1 appeared to be unique based on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity status, and risk factors compared with @entity1 who received other forms of therapy. The impact of PADT on quality of life needs to be compared with standard therapy, and its long-term durability should be assessed better in @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: @entity342 -deprivation therapy as primary treatment for XXXX : data from Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: Details of the development of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) are largely unknown. The prevalence and progression of radiographic knee @entity571 over 6 years in middle-aged subjects with chronic @entity158 is investigated. In a prospective population-based study, tibiofemoral (TF) and patellofemoral (PF) radiographs were graded in 128 subjects (mean age 45    6.2 years) for the presence of @entity5040 and joint space narrowing (JSN). Radiographic progression was defined as: (i) the presence of @entity5040 and/or JSN in subjects with no previous @entity571 or (ii) an increase in the grade and/or number of already existing @entity5040 and/or JSN. Altogether 56% (72/128) of subjects had knee @entity571 , the majority of them was diagnosed with @entity571 grade 1. In 57% of cases, radiographic @entity571 was based on the presence of @entity5040 alone versus 13% on JSN. More than 1/3 of subjects had isolated PF joint involvement. Knee @entity571 progression rate over 6 years was 56% (71/128). During 6 years, a non-linear course of radiographic @entity571 progression with intermittent periods of progression and stabilization was observed. Individual course of @entity571 revealed distinct subsets of radiographic progression. @entity28489 is an important early radiographic sign of @entity571 and its progression. Isolated PF joint involvement is a frequent expression of knee @entity571 . In middle-aged subjects, the progression rate of knee @entity571 over 6 years was 56%. A non-linear course of radiographic @entity571 progression was observed. Several radiographic subsets refer to the heterogeneity of the @entity571 process.

title: The prevalence and progression of XXXX over 6 years in a population-based cohort of middle-aged subjects.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['early knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28489 :: ('MESH:D013128', 'Disease') :: ['Osteophytosis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['knee pain']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['radiographic knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: The plasma concentration, plasma half-life (t1/2), and mean residence time (MRT) of rodenticide anticoagulants were determined in 21 @entity235 in which a preliminary diagnosis of anticoagulant rodenticide @entity4968 had been made. Brodifacoum, @entity47722 , and @entity17112 were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the plasma of 13, 3, and 2 @entity235 , respectively. At presentation the plasma concentration ranged from below the detection limit (10 ng/L) to 851 ng/L. Toxin could not be detected in 3 @entity235 , despite these animals showing @entity132 and a positive response to therapy with @entity17105 . In 7 @entity235 the estimated t1/2 of brodifacoum ranged from 0.9 to 4.7 (median 2.4) days with a MRT of 1.9 to 3.7 (median 2.8) days. In 2 @entity235 the individual t1/2 of @entity47722 was 2.2 and 3.2 days and the MRT was 2.3 and 2.8 days, respectively. Two @entity235 died during emergency treatment. Treatment in the remaining 19 @entity235 consisted of the administration of @entity17105 and supportive therapy. The dose of @entity17105 was reduced in a stepwise manner as long as the prothrombin time remained within physiological limits. The variation in initial plasma concentrations of the anticoagulants combined with the results of treatment support the idea that an individual therapeutic approach is warranted.

title: Plasma superwarfarin levels and @entity17105 treatment in dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide XXXX .

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['characteristic coagulation disturbances']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity17112 :: ('MESH:C012903', 'Chemical') :: ['difenacoum']

entities_list: @entity47722 :: ('MESH:C060340', 'Chemical') :: ['difethialone']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To measure the adherence to polytherapy after @entity583 ( @entity583 ), to compare the proportions of variation attributable to hospitals of discharge and to primary care providers, and to identify determinants of adherence to medications. SETTING: This is a population-based study. Data were obtained from the Information Systems of the Lazio Region, Italy (5 million inhabitants). @entity1 : @entity1 hospitalised with incident @entity583 in 2007-2010. OUTCOME MEASURE: The outcome was chronic polytherapy after @entity583 . Adherence was defined as a medication possession ratio >= 0.75 for at least three of the following drugs: antiplatelets, b-blockers, ACEI angiotensin receptor blockers, statins. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS: A 2-year cohort study was performed. Cross-classified multilevel models were applied to analyse geographic variation and compare proportions of variability attributable to hospitals of discharge and primary care providers. The variance components were expressed as median ORs MORs. If the @entity6253 is 1.00, there is no variation between clusters. If there is considerable between-cluster variation, the @entity6253 will be large. RESULTS: A total of 9606 @entity1 were enrolled. About 63% were adherent to chronic polytherapy. Adherence was higher for @entity1 discharged from cardiology wards (OR=1.56 vs other wards, p<0.001) and for @entity1 with general practitioners working in group practice (OR=1.14 vs single-handed, p=0.042). A relevant variation in adherence was detected between local health districts ( @entity6253 =1.24, p<0.001). When introducing the hospital of discharge as a cross-classified level, the variation between local health districts decreased ( @entity6253 =1.13, p=0.020) and the variability attributable to hospitals of discharge was significantly higher ( @entity6253 =1.37, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Secondary prevention pharmacotherapy after @entity583 is not consistent with clinical guidelines. The relevant geographic variation raises equity issues in access to optimal care. Adherence was influenced more by the hospital that discharged the @entity1 than by the primary care providers. Cross-classified models proved to be a useful tool for defining priority areas for more targeted interventions.

title: Adherence to evidence-based drug therapies after XXXX : is geographic variation related to hospital of discharge or primary care providers? A cross-classified multilevel design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-induced @entity660 affects insulin secretion and is important in the pathogenesis of @entity6 . Lagerstroemia speciosa, a traditional folk medicine, has been used for t he prevention and treatment of @entity6 . However, whether Lagerstroemia speciosa has a cytoprotective effect on pancreatic b cells remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of hot water extracts from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves (LWE) on @entity10845 (SIN-1)-induced oxidative damage in @entity329 pancreatic insulinoma HIT-T15 cells. The HIT-T15 cells were first treated with SIN-1 (50    M) for 24  h and then co-incubated with LWE for 48  h. SIN-1 significantly decreased HIT-T15 cell viability (P<0.05); however, LWE did not exert a significant cytotoxic effect and increased the viability of HIT-T15 cells in a dose  -dependent manner. To further investigate the protective effects of LWE on SIN-1  -induced oxidative stress in HIT-T15 cells, the cellular levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including @entity224 dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity2197 -px), were determined. LWE decreased the intracellular levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that LWE has a cytoprotective effect against SIN-1  -induced oxidative stress in HIT-T15 cells through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, a decrease in ROS levels and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. In addition, LWE increased insulin secretion in SIN-1-treated HIT-T15 cells. Our results suggested that LWE were effective in the treatment of @entity6 . Further studies are required to study the anti- @entity6 molecular mechanism in a cell model.

title: Protective effects of Lagerstroemia speciosa on XXXX (SIN-1)-induced oxidative stress in HIT-T15 pancreatic b cells.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic b  cell death']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity10845 :: ('MESH:C002385', 'Chemical') :: ['3-morpholinosydnonimine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity10845 :: (MESH:C002385,Chemical) :: ['3-morpholinosydnonimine']