abstract: Adhesion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to coronary endothelium is a key event for @entity299 /reperfusion injury. Adhesion molecules are normally harbored within the glycocalyx, clothing every healthy vascular endothelium, but shed by @entity63 /reperfusion. Our aim was to show whether protection of the glycocalyx with either @entity701 or antithrombin can reduce postischemic leukocyte adhesion. Isolated @entity840 hearts, perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer, were subjected to 20 min of warm (37 degrees C) no-flow @entity63 and consecutive 10 min of reperfusion, either in the absence or presence of @entity701 (10 microg/mL) or antithrombin (1 U/mL). An intracoronary bolus of 3 x 10 PMN was applied at the end of reperfusion but without prior contact to the drugs. The sequestration of PMN was calculated from the difference between coronary input and output of cells. Expression of the integrin CD11b on PMN was measured before and after coronary passage. @entity63 /reperfusion induced severe degradation of the glycocalyx (coronary venous syndecan-1 release, 171 +/- 15 ng/g heart vs. basal, 19 +/- 2 ng/g; heparan @entity597 , 5.27 +/- 0.28 microg/g vs. basal, 0.26 +/- 0.06 microg/g) and @entity101 (38.1% +/- 3.5% vs. basal, 11.7% +/- 3.1%). @entity701 and antithrombin both not only reduced glycocalyx shedding (syndecan-1 release, 34 +/- 6 ng/g and 26 +/- 5 ng/g; heparan @entity597 , 1.96 +/- 0.24 microg/g and 1.28 +/- 0.2 microg/g, respectively), but also PMN adhesion (17.3% +/- 2.2% and 25.4% +/- 3.3%, respectively) after @entity63 /reperfusion. Electron microscopy revealed a mostly intact coronary glycocalyx after pretreatment with either drug. Activation of PMN upon coronary passage was not influenced. Preservation of the glycocalyx mitigates @entity1104 . Preconditioning with either @entity701 or antithrombin should, thus, alleviate vascular leakage, tissue @entity4 , and @entity32 .

title: Glycocalyx protection reduces leukocyte adhesion after XXXX /reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased PMN adhesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'Hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic PMN adhesion']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: To characterize the computed tomography (CT) features of @entity1514 caused by @entity281 with Angiostrongylus vasorum, pre- and postcontrast CT was performed in six experimentally infected Beagles 13 weeks postinoculation and in four of these 9 weeks postchemotherapy. Findings were compared with survey radiographs and necropsy findings. A multicentric bronchoalveolar pattern more pronounced at the lung periphery was present radiographically. On CT, the predominant abnormality underlying this alveolar pattern was multiple large nodules merging to areas of consolidation, and containing air bronchograms of varying extent. These nodular changes corresponded to histopathologic granulomata, consisting mainly of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytes that had accumulated around larvae and eggs. Morphologically, no bronchial changes were observed on CT or histologically. Quantitatively, however, on CT there was evidence of bronchial thickening at 13 weeks postinoculation and mild very peripheral bronchiectasia 9 weeks postchemotherapy. Regional lymph nodes were enlarged after @entity281 , and smaller after treatment. On postcontrast CT, several suspicious intraluminal filling defects suggestive of @entity715 were found; however, the tortuosity of some @entity358 seen radiographically was not present in CT images. After treatment, the consolidations and large nodules had almost completely disappeared. A remaining radiographic interstitial pattern was characterized on CT as ground-glass opacifications, subpleural interstitial thickening, subpleural lines, and interface signs. These interstitial changes reflected @entity82 as documented histopathologically. CT allowed very detailed and accurate characterization of pulmonary parenchymal lesions, bronchi, and lymphnodes and closely reflected histopathological changes.

title: XXXX computed tomography findings in dogs experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arteries']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['Thoracic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity957 of the lip generally has a favorable outcome. The chance of long-term survival is significantly reduced if lymph node @entity3 develop. Any features that could identify @entity1 having increased risks of occult lymph node @entity3 would allow more aggressive treatment and, possibly, a better outcome. METHODS: A chart review of lip @entity5 from this institution identified 1001 @entity1 with @entity957 . This database was used to identify the characteristics that are associated with occult lymph node @entity3 . RESULTS: Delayed cervical lymph node @entity3 developed in 40 @entity1 . No significant differences were noted in the frequency of delayed lymph node @entity3 according to gender, lip subsite, or age less than 40 years. Significant differences were noted in association with the @entity5 size, @entity5 differentiation, and local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Elective cervical lymphadenectomy is justifiable for higher grade @entity5 and for locally recurrent @entity5 . An increase in delayed @entity3 was observed in @entity1 with @entity5 greater than 3 cm, but the proportion is not great enough to justify elective neck dissections.

title: Cervical lymph node XXXX and @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the lip', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: A population survey was carried out in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1967. In a sample of 15,268 individuals, 239 were found to have @entity309 according to the New York diagnostic criteria. In 1983, i.e. 17 years later, 109 of the 127 individuals still living were reexamined. Among these, 79 complained of knee symptoms and 30 stated that the knee was the joint that presented the greatest hindrance to walking. Fifty-nine found difficulty in walking up or down stairs and 47 had to use a walking aid. These shortcomings were more often noted in the knees that had been swollen, or @entity158 , 17 years previously. In addition, at follow-up, narrowing of the articular space was observed in the knees that were swollen and @entity158 . @entity85 was associated with @entity4 , @entity85 also involved, apart from the @entity4 , @entity158 and restricted motility. In all, 108 operations were performed on 48 of the 109 subjects who were re-examined; 12 of these were knee operations.

title: 17-year follow-up of symptoms and signs in the knee joint in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Valgus deformity', 'while varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the usefulness of trimodality therapy in @entity1 with clinical T3 or T4 (cT3-4) locally advanced @entity1149 (LA-NSCLC). METHODS: Between 1997 and 2009, a total of 76 LA-NSCLC @entity1 with cT3-4 underwent surgery. Among them, 36 @entity1 underwent induction chemoradiotherapy with @entity1205 and @entity900 plus concurrent radiation followed by surgery (IC group). The other 40 @entity1 initially underwent surgery (IS group). The outcomes of the IC and IS groups were then investigated. To minimize possible biases caused by confounding treatment indications, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis by applying a propensity score (PS). @entity1 were divided into three groups according to PS tertiles, and comparisons between the IC and IS groups were made by PS tertile-stratified Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, which had a median follow-up duration of 48 months, the 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 83.8 and 78.9%, respectively, in the IC group, versus 66.8 and 56.5%, respectively, in the IS group (P = 0.0092). After adjustments for potentially confounding variables, the IC group continued to have a significantly longer overall survival than the IS group (P = 0.0045). In addition, when the analysis was limited to 52 @entity1 with cT3-4N0 or N1 disease, the IC group had a significantly longer overall survival than the IS group after adjustments for confounding variables (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that trimodality therapy is highly effective in @entity1 with cT3-4 LA-NSCLC.

title: Induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection for clinical T3 or T4 locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The acute inflammatory reaction in the lungs of @entity840 produced by the intratracheal injection of @entity3440 was assessed by histologic studies and whole-lung lavage 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after the intratracheal instillation of quartz particles or saline. In addition, lavaged macrophages were cultured in vitro, and the media were assayed for chemotactic factors. This exposure to @entity3440 produced a neutrophilic inflammatory response around terminal bronchioles that was well developed within 1 day after injection. Four days after injection, neutrophils were replaced by mononuclear cells; and by 7 days, loosely organized @entity738 and collagen deposition were detected in the interstitium. The number of neutrophils (PMNs) recovered by lavage from experimental animals was greatest 1 day after injection and was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than that for controls at all time points. In contrast, the number of macrophages recovered by lavage did not exceed control levels until 7 days after injection and remained elevated thereafter. Thus, the cells recovered by lavage tended to mirror the changes seen in the inflamed lung. In experiments utilizing blind-well chemotactic chambers, both peritoneal exudate neutrophils and macrophages migrated toward supernatants from cultures of alveolar macrophages lavaged from @entity3440 -exposed animals in greater numbers (P less than 0.02) than toward supernatant from control animal macrophage cultures at each time point. Migration of normal alveolar macrophages toward supernatants from all cultures was minimal. Thus, exposure to @entity3440 in vivo appears to be a potent stimulus for the release of neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic factors by alveolar macrophages in vitro. The correlation between the types of inflammatory cells identified in the lung both microscopically and by lavage and the chemotactic factors released in vitro by alveolar macrophages from these lungs suggests that alveolar macrophages play a role in mediating @entity55 in this form of experimental @entity5636 .

title: Acute experimental XXXX . Lung morphology, histology, and macrophage chemotaxin secretion.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

answer: @entity5636 :: (MESH:D012829,Disease) :: ['silicosis']


abstract: This ethnographic study was undertaken to elicit the meaning of nurse's touch for hospitalized Puerto Rican @entity1 with @entity5 . The key informants were eight @entity5 @entity1 at a tertiary 12-bed oncology research unit in Puerto Rico. Data gathering methods included @entity1 observation and several ethnographic interviews during a month period. Content analysis was used to identify pattern of behavior and meaning. Analysis of the field notes and interviews was done to search for domains. Theme analysis was used in the search for the relationship among domains. In the analysis of the @entity1 interviews, two types of touch were identified: procedural and affective touch. The predominant theme about perception of nurse's touch was that of conveying confidence. Confidence was related to the @entity1 's increase in positive expectation as much as the possibility of recovery from the @entity5 . The confidence theme was represented by two domains: the enhancement of the abilities of the @entity1 for coping and through the acceptance of the @entity1 as a @entity1 during their illness experience.

title: Meaning of touch to hospitalized Puerto Ricans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer illness', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We compared the incidence of severe complications among 123 consecutive simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) recipients randomized for treatment either with @entity1140 plus @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) or @entity1140 plus @entity3446 during their initial postoperative hospital stay. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity177 with no age limit who underwent SPK were randomly assigned to @entity1140 / @entity3446 or @entity1140 / @entity2098 immunosuppressive protocols. We analyzed the rate of adverse events that led to death, graft loss, operative revision, or prolonged hospital stay. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2009, 62 recipients were included in the @entity2098 and 61 in the @entity3446 (Rapa) groups. More than 2/3 of recipients suffered from at least 1 complication: 74% @entity2098 and 77 % Rapa group (P > .05). No @entity1 died in the @entity2098 and 3 in the Rapa group (P = .11). Pancreas graftectomy was performed in 13% of the @entity2098 group and in 5% of the Rapa group (P = .20). Ten of 62 recipients in the @entity2098 and 13/61 in the Rapa group required operative treatment of wound @entity281 (P = .49). There were no differences in the rates of @entity360 (11% and 8%), kidney lymphocele (6% and 5%), ileus (1.6% both), @entity788 (1.6% both), or ureteral leak (0 and 3%) between the groups. CONCLUSION: We did not observe a difference in the rate of severe @entity260 between groups. With the use of extraperitoneal placement of the pancreatic graft, fluid collections and wound @entity281 remain the most frequent albeit curable @entity260 .

title: Similar early complication rate in simultaneous pancreas and kidney recipients on @entity1140 / @entity618 versus XXXX / @entity3446 immunosuppressive regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic leak']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity1311 combined with bone marrow stromal stem cells (MSCs) implantation on inhibiting the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) growth and promoting endothelial repair by developing an endothelial repair model in vitro. METHODS: In a cell coculture system, @entity95 endothelial cells (ECs) and @entity1 MSCs were seeded in the lower chamber and @entity95 SMCs were seeded in the upper chamber. 3H-TdR incorporation and @entity12914 protein expression were used to evaluate SMCs proliferation at the 10th day after @entity1311 application (1, 10, 100 nmol/L; 20 min). Fluorescence immunocytochemistry was employed to observe the Flk-1 and @entity24372 protein expression on MSCs. RESULTS: The SMCs 3H-TdR incorporation of the MSCs implant group was significantly lower than that of the proliferative ECs group (1 nmol/L: 12 265 +/- 991 vs. 14 505 +/- 1013 cpm/well; 10 nmol/L: 8401 +/- 783 vs. 10 511 +/- 934 cpm/well; 100 nmol/L: 5880 +/- 569 vs. 7457 +/- 768 cpm/well, n = 6, P < 0.05), but higher than that of the confluent ECs group (1 nmol/L: 12 265 +/- 991 vs. 8671 +/- 642 cpm/well; 10 nmol/L: 8401 +/- 783 vs. 6175 +/- 743 cpm/well; 100 nmol/L: 5880 +/- 569 vs. 4423 +/- 406 cpm/well, n = 6, P < 0.05). The expression of SMCs @entity12914 protein in MSCs implant group was lower than that of the proliferative ECs group (1 nmol/L: 0.92 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.15 +/- 0.07; 10 nmol/L: 0.97 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.07 +/- 0.08; 100 nmol/L: 0.91 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.18 +/- 0.11, n = 6, P < 0.05), but higher than that of the confluent ECs group (1 nmol/L: 0.92 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.74 +/- 0.07; 10 nmol/L: 0.97 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.78 +/- 0.06; 100 nmol/L: 0.91 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.71 +/- 0.05, n = 6, P < 0.05). The MSCs did not express @entity24372 or Flk-1 protein before coculture. Although none cell expressed @entity24372 , some of the MSCs began to express Flk-1 protein after cocultured with mature ECs for 10 days. CONCLUSION: MSCs implantation can partly inhibit the delayed SMCs proliferation. The MSCs cocultured with @entity1311 -treated mature ECs have the ability to differentiate into ECs.

title: [Effects of XXXX combined with bone marrow stromal stem cells implantation on vascular endothelial repair and smooth muscle cells growth in vitro].

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: The monoclonal antibody @entity20108 recognizes phosphorylated tau isoforms present in paired helical filaments of @entity195 . We have found that @entity20108 immunoreactivity is present in @entity1573 brain, which expresses three major @entity20108 -reactive proteins at the same molecular weights seen in @entity1 . The developmental pattern of expression suggests a functional role in differentiation, rather than in programmed nerve cell death. Expression of @entity20108 immunoreactivity in developing retina was highly cell selective, showing robust staining of ganglion cells, the only long-axon neuron of the seven major retina cell types. The majority of ganglion cells were @entity20108 positive. The developmental window of expression extended at least from E6 through P0, well outside the period of @entity2085 cell death. Mature cells did not show @entity20108 immunoreactivity. In the embryo, staining was particularly robust in ganglion cell axons (optic fiber layer), and association of @entity20108 reactivity with axonal tracts also was seen in developing forebrain. @entity20108 polarization occurred at ages when staining with polyclonal anti-tau did not show axonal selectivity. Similarly, in cell cultures, @entity20108 immunoreactivity became localized to single neurites, but polyclonal anti-tau did not. These results indicate that, rather than being associated with cell degeneration, @entity20108 immunoreactivity in the developing nervous system is associated with early stages of axon formation, both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, expression of @entity20108 immunoreactive proteins in @entity195 suggests that @entity121 formation might be triggered by mechanisms related to axon regeneration.

title: Phosphorylated tau epitope of XXXX is coupled to axon development in the avian central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic ganglion']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['paired helical filament']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that post-cardiothoracic surgery @entity955 ( @entity955 ) increases the risk of hospital length of stay (LOS), overall mortality, @entity3126 , and need for a balloon pump. A meta-analysis of 2 previous trials showed a nonsignificant reduction in LOS with postoperative beta-blockers but only encompassed 1200 @entity1 , with few valve surgery @entity1 , and neither study used a hospital within the US. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of postoperative beta-blockers on LOS and @entity955 . Secondary endpoints of overall mortality, @entity3126 , and need for an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) were also evaluated between groups. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort evaluation of all @entity1 undergoing cardiothoracic surgery at our institution between October 1999 and October 2003. @entity1 receiving prophylactic postoperative beta-blockers were matched (1:1) with @entity1 not receiving prophylaxis for age >70 years, valvular surgery, history of @entity955 , gender, and use of preoperative digoxin and beta-blockers. RESULTS: @entity1 (n = 1660) receiving postoperative beta-blockade had a reduction in LOS (mean +/- SD 10.22 +/- 11.38 vs 12.40 +/- 15.67; p = 0.001) and @entity955 (23.5% vs 28.4%; p = 0.02). Mortality, @entity3126 , and need for IABP were reduced by >50% (p < 0.001; p = 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively), while @entity583 and @entity64 were not significantly impacted. CONCLUSIONS: In this observational cohort study, prophylactic postoperative beta-blocker use was associated with shorter hospital LOS by an average of 2.2 days and a 17.3% lower incidence of @entity955 . It may also be associated with reductions in overall mortality, @entity3126 , and need for an IABP.

title: Impact of prophylactic postoperative beta-blockade on post-cardiothoracic surgery length of stay and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracellular @entity2036 ( @entity855 , @entity857 , @entity856 and @entity858 ) exert a wide range of biological effects in blood cells mediated by multiple ionotropic P2X receptors and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. Although pharmacological experiments have suggested the presence of several P2 receptor subtypes on monocytes and lymphocytes, some results are contradictory. Few physiological functions have been firmly established to a specific receptor subtype, partly because of a lack of truly selective agonists and antagonists. This stimulated us to investigate the expression of P2X and P2Y receptors in @entity1 lymphocytes and monocytes with a newly established quantitative mRNA assay for P2 receptors. In addition, we describe for the first time the expression of P2 receptors in @entity2280 + stem and progenitor cells implicating a potential role of P2 receptors in hematopoietic lineage and progenitor/stem cell function. RESULTS: Using a quantitative mRNA assay, we assessed the hypothesis that there are specific P2 receptor profiles in inflammatory cells. The @entity9895 receptor had the highest expression in lymphocytes and monocytes. Among the P2Y receptors, @entity3075 and @entity9897 had highest expression in lymphocytes, while the @entity9897 and @entity23461 had highest expression in monocytes. Several P2 receptors were expressed ( @entity9897 , @entity15094 , @entity3075 , @entity23461 , @entity23462 , @entity23463 , @entity9895 ) in @entity2280 + stem and progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS: The most interesting findings were the high mRNA expression of @entity3075 receptors in lymphocytes potentially explaining the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity1397 , @entity23461 receptors in monocytes and a previously unrecognised expression of @entity9895 in lymphocytes and monocytes. In addition, for the first time P2 receptor mRNA expression patterns was studied in @entity2280 + stem and progenitor cells. Several P2 receptors were expressed ( @entity9897 , @entity15094 , @entity3075 , @entity23461 , @entity23462 , @entity23463 , @entity9895 ), indicating a role in differentiation and proliferation. Thus, it is possible that specific antibodies to P2 receptors could be used to identify progenitors for monocytes, lymphocytes and megakaryocytes.

title: P2 receptor mRNA expression profiles in @entity1 lymphocytes, monocytes and XXXX + stem and progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: 1. Plasma @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) levels are increased in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Because chronic immunologic activation occurs in @entity712 and mononuclear cells (MNC) are capable of @entity2232 production, the possible contribution of circulating MNC to the increased plasma @entity2232 levels in @entity712 @entity1 was investigated. 2. Unseparated MNC (10(7)/mL) from eight @entity712 @entity1 spontaneously produced @entity2232 (1.54 +/- 0.37 pg/100 mL). After separation of MNC into monocytes (10(6)/mL) and lymphocytes (10(7)/mL) at ratios approximating those in the circulationg, @entity2232 was spontaneously produced by @entity712 lymphocytes (0.81 +/- 0.26 pg/100 mL), and after @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ) stimulation by @entity712 monocytes (0.56 +/- 0.08 pg/100 mL). In contrast, there was neither spontaneous nor @entity6824 -induced production of @entity2232 in six normal subjects. 3. It was concluded that heightened @entity2232 production by MNC may contribute to increased plasma levels in @entity712 @entity1 . Because unseparated MNC produced greater @entity2232 than lymphocytes and monocytes separately, contact between these MNC subtypes may be necessary for maximal @entity2232 production.

title: Spontaneous endothelin production by circulating mononuclear cells from XXXX with @entity712 but not from normal subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['MCSF', 'macrophage colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recent findings on @entity4903 in @entity1 @entity19 and @entity35 show that maternal coordination has an important role in setting the phase of the developing circadian clock both in the fetus and soon after birth. However, less information is available about the influence of the mother on activity/rest cycles of @entity1 . Separation of the mother from @entity1 in @entity840 , monkeys and @entity35 results in an increase in @entity25 (enhanced activity?). In this context it may be a common feature that during the postnatal period there is enhanced activity of pups during the hours when the mother is not nearby. Conversely, the social influences exerted by the mother while present with her young possibly leads to a relative rest stage. We have now tested this assumption in the night-active @entity19 Mus booduga. Our study addressed the postulate that the circadian activity/rest cycles of the pups are controlled by cyclic(?) presence and absence of the mother. The results reported here clearly indicate that the circadian locomotor activity of pups kept under continuous illumination or continuous darkness do entrain them to a regime of imposed 12:12-h cyclic presence and absence of the mother. The characteristics of this entrainment confer on the mother @entity19 the role of zeitgeber.

title: Cycles of presence and absence of mother XXXX entrain the circadian clock of pups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['neural and endocrine rhythms']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The lateral bulge is a common @entity85 after primary @entity3384 repair; however, its underlying anatomy remains undefined. The purpose of this study was to use real-time high-resolution ultrasound to better understand the anatomy underlying the lateral bulge deformity. Twenty-three @entity1 with a lateral bulge were included in addition to 12 @entity1 without clefts to validate ultrasound measurements. Muscle and connective tissue dimensions were recorded at standardized landmarks using ultrasound, both at rest and with movement. The cleft and noncleft sides (right and left in noncleft @entity1 ) were compared within groups, and ratios between sides were compared across groups using parametric and nonparametric tests. Repeat measurements were recorded to calculate intrarater reliability. Orbicularis oris thickness was greater on the cleft side in the lateral bulge group at rest, both at the philtral column and alar crease (P < 0.001), and with facial movement at the corresponding landmarks (alar crease: smile P < 0.001 and pucker P = 0.003; philtral column: smile P < 0.001 and pucker P = 0.001). The ratio for levator width was also greater in the lateral bulge group (P < 0.001). No differences were identified between sides at the corresponding landmarks in the noncleft group. Ultrasound enabled real-time high-resolution evaluation of anatomic differences underlying the lateral bulge deformity. It was associated with greater orbicularis oris thickness and levator width on the cleft side. Findings from this study may guide future surgical correction of the lateral lip bulge.

title: XXXX after primary @entity3384 repair using real-time high-resolution ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['secondary deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Definition of the lateral bulge deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein associated protein ( @entity541 ) insertion/deletion polymorphism influences @entity165 homeostasis and may confer risk for @entity5990 and @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) incidence usually parallels with the prevalence of cholelithiosis. AIM: We aimed to examine the role of @entity541 polymorphism in susceptibility to @entity1086 . METHODS: Present case control study included 129 proven @entity1086 @entity1 , 183 @entity5990 @entity1 , and 208 healthy controls. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: The D allele of @entity541 was significantly higher in @entity1086 @entity1 as compared to @entity5990 @entity1 (p = 0.013; OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.4). However, II genotype and I allele was associated with reduced risk of @entity1086 as compared to @entity5990 @entity1 (p = 0.002; OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.1-0.6; p = 0.013; OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4-0.8) The increased risk due to D allele was limited to female @entity1086 @entity1 (p = 0.021; OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-3.0). However, reduced risk due to II genotype and I allele was observed which was also confined to female @entity1086 @entity1 (p = 0.005; OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.1-0.6; p = 0.021; OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-0.8). On comparing @entity1086 @entity1 having @entity5990 with @entity5990 @entity1 , high risk was observed in the @entity1086 @entity1 having @entity5990 due to the presence of D allele (p = 0.032; OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-2.8). However, low risk was observed because of I allele in @entity1086 @entity1 with @entity5990 in comparison to @entity5990 @entity1 (p = 0.032, OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4-0.9). CONCLUSION: It appears that 'D' allele may modulate the susceptibility of @entity1086 , and the risk is independent to genetic risk of @entity5990 .

title: Lipoprotein receptor associated protein ( XXXX ) insertion/deletion polymorphism: association with @entity1086 susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease', 'gallstone']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['GBC', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity541 :: (4043,Gene) :: ['LRPAP1']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity9 is complex. P2X   (/)    receptor plays a crucial role in nociception transduction of @entity1118 . @entity6667 inhibitors are effective for @entity158 relief. The present study investigated the effects of @entity6667 and @entity12186 ( @entity12186 ) on the @entity158 transmission in @entity9 states that mediated by P2X   (/)    receptor in primary sensory neurons. @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) model was used as @entity9 model. @entity35 had been randomly divided into sham group, @entity8638 group and @entity8638 @entity35 treated with anti-rVEGF antibody group. Mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were measured. Expressions of @entity6667 , @entity12186 and P2X   (/)    in L4-6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency in @entity8638 group were lower than those in sham group and @entity8638 @entity35 treated with anti-rVEGF antibody group (p<0.05), while @entity6667 , @entity12186 and P2X   (/)    receptors' expressions of L4-6 DRG in @entity8638 group were higher than those in the other two groups (p<0.05). The expressions of @entity6667 , @entity12186 and P2X   (/)    in L4-6 DRG of @entity8638 @entity35 treated with anti-rVEGF antibody group were decreased compared with those in @entity8638 group (p<0.05). The results show that @entity6667 and @entity12186 are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity9 and @entity6667 primarily potentiates @entity158 responses mediated by P2X   (/)    receptor on DRG neurons. Anti-rVEGF treatment in @entity8638 @entity35 may alleviate chronic @entity9 by decreasing the expressions of @entity12186 and P2X   (/)    receptors on DRG neurons to inhibit the transmission of @entity9 signaling.

title: @entity6667 and its receptor-2 involved in XXXX transmission mediated by P2X   (/)    receptor of primary sensory neurons.

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['CCI', 'Chronic constriction injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increase in serious adverse events with both regular @entity6410 and regular @entity10453 in chronic @entity565 has been demonstrated in previous Cochrane reviews. OBJECTIVES: We set out to compare the risks of mortality and non-fatal serious adverse events in trials which have randomised @entity1 with chronic @entity565 to regular @entity6410 versus regular @entity10453 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Trials were identified using the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register of trials. Manufacturers' web sites of clinical trial registers were checked for unpublished trial data and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) submissions in relation to @entity6410 and @entity10453 were also checked. The date of the most recent search was January 2009. SELECTION CRITERIA: Controlled parallel design clinical trials on @entity1 of any age and severity of @entity565 were included if they randomised @entity1 to treatment with regular @entity6410 versus regular @entity10453 (without randomised inhaled corticosteroids), and were of at least 12 weeks duration. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected trials for inclusion in the review and extracted outcome data. Unpublished data on mortality and serious adverse events were sought from the sponsors and authors. MAIN RESULTS: Four studies were included in the review (involving 1116 adults and 156 @entity1 ). All studies were open label and recruited @entity1 who were already taking inhaled corticosteroids for their @entity565 , and all studies contributed data on serious adverse events. All studies compared @entity6410 12 mug versus @entity10453 50 mug twice daily. The adult studies were all comparing Foradil Aerolizer with Serevent Diskus, and the @entity1 's study compared Oxis Turbohaler to Serevent Accuhaler. There was only one death in an adult (which was unrelated to @entity565 ), and none in @entity1 , and there were no significant differences in non-fatal serious adverse events comparing @entity6410 to @entity10453 in adults (Peto OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.28), or @entity1 (Peto OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.06 to 15.33). Over a six month period in studies involving adults that contributed to this analysis the percentage with serious adverse events were 5.1% for @entity6410 and 6.4% for @entity10453 ; and over a 3 month period the percentage of @entity1 with serious adverse events were 1.3% for @entity6410 , and 1.3% for @entity10453 . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Four studies have been identified comparing regular @entity6410 to regular @entity10453 (without randomised inhaled corticosteroids, but all subjects were on regular background inhaled @entity288 ). The events were infrequent and consequently too few @entity1 have been studied to allow any firm conclusions to be drawn about the relative safety of @entity6410 and @entity10453 . Asthma-related serious adverse events were rare, and there were no reported @entity565 -related @entity204 .

title: Regular treatment with @entity6410 versus regular treatment with @entity10453 for chronic XXXX : serious adverse events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity4910 and @entity11486 are essential regulatory factors in the progression of the cell cycle from G0 through G1 and S phase. Aberrations in expression of these cyclins may lead to dysregulated cellular proliferation that could result in @entity5 . Amplification and overexpression of @entity4910 have been observed in many @entity1 @entity5 , whereas @entity11486 is a new cyclin recently described in @entity421 cells. This study was performed to determine whether these cyclins were amplified in @entity213 ( @entity213 ) @entity5 . Polymerase chain reaction of DNA extracted from 22 @entity213 primary @entity5 and three @entity213 cell lines did not reveal amplification of @entity4910 in any of the @entity5 samples. Southern blot analysis identified amplification of @entity4910 in a @entity5 . Amplification of @entity11486 was not observed in any of the @entity5 by Southern blot hybridization with a @entity11486 probe. @entity213 cell lines transfected with antisense @entity4910 were tested for cell proliferation by the incorporation of @entity665 into cells grown in serum-free media. By 72 hours of incubation, there was a greater than 30% reduction in proliferation of cells transfected with antisense @entity4910 as compared with non-transfected control cells. The results indicate that @entity4910 may play an important role in the growth and proliferation of @entity213 cells.

title: Inhibition of cell proliferation in @entity213 cell lines with antisense XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'single tumor', 'cancers', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['cyclin D1']


abstract: From March 1978-86, 590 St. Jude prostheses (232 aortic, 232 mitral, and 63 double aortic-mitral) were implanted in 527 @entity1 (mean age 63 years) and followed for up to 8 years (mean 33 months; three lost; 99% complete). The early (30-day) mortality rate was 8.9% and was strongly associated with preoperatively depressed left ventricular function (ejection fraction less than 0.55), @entity339 , and advanced functional class (IV) (p less than 0.05). Actuarial survival rates at 5 years were 72% +/- 4%, 72% +/- 8%, and 63 +/- 4% after aortic, double, and mitral valve replacement (p less than 0.01). There have been no structural failures. @entity887 (28 events, 2.1%/ @entity1 -year) was less common with @entity1229 treatment (1.5%/ @entity1 -year; n = 492) than with antiplatelet (3.2%/ @entity1 -year; n = 19) or no drug therapy (18.9%/ @entity1 -year; n = 16) (p less than 0.01). One embolic event was fatal (3.6%). @entity1229 -treated @entity1 remained 91% +/- 1% free of emboli after 8 years. Valve @entity715 (six events; 0.4%/ @entity1 -year) occurred exclusively in @entity1 not treated with effective @entity1229 therapy; one (17%) died. The most common complication was @entity548 (39 events; 2.9%/ @entity1 -year); nine (23%) were fatal, and these constituted 82% of 11 valve-related late @entity204 . In @entity1229 -treated @entity1 (target prothrombin time ratio 1.5 to 2.5), @entity548 was twice as frequent (2.9%/ @entity1 -year) as @entity887 (1.5%/ @entity1 -year).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The St. Jude valve: analysis of thromboembolism, @entity1229 -related XXXX , and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism', 'Embolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: Samples of longissimus (LL) and @entity427 ( @entity427 ) muscles from Angus-cross heifers finished either on a high-concentrate ration in Washington, USA, (US @entity291 , n=15) or on pasture in New Zealand (NZ @entity291 , n=16) were assessed for composition characteristics. Half of the NZ @entity291 were of a similar age to the US @entity291 (NZAge) and half were of a similar weight (NZWt). @entity68 concentration was higher in @entity427 (20.9 vs. 17.5 gg(-1); P<0.001) and was higher for the NZWt group than the NZAge group or the US @entity291 . The proportion of @entity68 as haem @entity68 was highest for the NZWt group (87.3%; P<0.01), but the proportion as soluble haem @entity68 was highest for the US @entity291 . For a sub-group of 10 pasture-finished @entity291 , @entity68 levels in cheek muscle were higher than for LL or @entity427 , and liver levels were 66% higher than cheek muscle. The proportion of haem @entity68 , however, was lowest in liver (55.3%) and was lower in cheek muscle (78.4%) than LL or @entity427 . Relative to LL, @entity427 had higher levels of @entity2226 and coenzyme Q(10), but lower levels of @entity9880 , @entity908 and @entity1011 , as expected for a muscle with a more aerobic metabolism. These differences were magnified for the even more aerobic cheek muscle. Differences between the two NZ groups were small, but muscles from the US @entity291 contained less @entity2226 , @entity9880 , coenzyme Q(10), and @entity1011 . Reasons for these differences in various meat components for similar @entity291 from different production systems are not clear.

title: The effect of production system and age on levels of XXXX , @entity2226 , @entity9880 , coenzyme Q(10), and @entity908 in beef muscles and liver.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity9880 :: ('MESH:D002336', 'Chemical') :: ['carnosine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['triceps brachii', 'TB']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: AIM: To determine the influence of antithrombotic therapy upon the course of @entity360 (UGB). METHODS: A cohort study was made of consecutive @entity1 admitted to hospital with non-variceal UGB. Three cohorts were defined: @entity1 receiving @entity2067 antagonists (AC); patients with antiplatelet treatment (AP), and @entity1 with neither of these treatments (noACAP) as control group. Outcome was assessed by: (a) number of days in hospital; (b) mortality rate; (c) need for urgent surgery, and (d) rebleeding. The measure of the association between antithrombotic therapy and the course of UGB was adjusted for confounders (age, sex, comorbidity, and the use of NSAIDs and PPIs at the time of UGB presentation). RESULTS: A total of 392 consecutive @entity1 were included: 43 were AC, 107 AP, and 242 noACAP @entity1 . There were no significant differences among groups in terms of rebleeding (AC 11.6%, AP 7.5%, NoACAP 9.1%), the need for urgent surgery (AC 2.3%, AP 1.9%, NoACAP 1.2%) or mortality rate (AC 4.7%, AP 5.6%, NoACAP 5.8%). The number of days in hospital was greater in the AC cohort (4.81 more days; 95% CI 2.83-6.79, p < 0.001). After adjusting for age and comorbidity, the increase in days in hospital among the AC @entity1 was 3.24 days (95% CI 1.22-5.26). CONCLUSIONS: Neither anticoagulation nor antiplatelet treatment exerts an influence upon the course of non-variceal UGB. Nevertheless, anticoagulation is associated with a longer hospital stay. This is partially explained by the older age and increased comorbidity of the @entity1 subjected to such treatment.

title: Outcome of XXXX in patients with antithrombotic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['non-variceal acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: Tinnitus is the most prevalent service-connected disability awarded to Veterans. However, clinical protocols for management of @entity392 have been inconsistent across Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers. A study was funded to develop and pilot test a protocol to provide @entity392 services consistently across VA audiology clinics. Drawing on a series of prior VA and external research projects, a clinical model was formulated, supporting materials in multimedia were developed, and a pilot study was conducted. Five hierarchical levels of care were defined and labeled the Progressive Audiologic Tinnitus Management (PATM) model. The model facilitates access to medical services for @entity392 and includes detailed protocols for evaluation, education, and counseling of @entity1 . @entity1 at each level of care have the option to "progress" to the next level of PATM if further services are required. Clinical procedures were defined for each level and materials were produced for audiologists and @entity1 . The PATM model was then piloted with clinical @entity1 at the James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (JAHVH) in Tampa, Florida. Throughout the pilot study, feedback from @entity1 and clinicians was carefully noted. Training materials for audiologists, incorporation of the protocol into clinic activities, and @entity1 outcomes were evaluated. The model was implemented within the JAHVH Audiology Clinic and to assist Veterans with @entity392 management. The most notable finding was how little @entity392 -specific intervention was required for the majority of @entity1 . This finding supports a clinical model that offers stepped-care ("progressive") levels of care until @entity392 management is achieved by the @entity1 .

title: Development of a progressive audiologic @entity392 management program for Veterans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a need for case-control studies of the effect of @entity903 on the occurrence of specific @entity299 . METHODS: We performed a case-control study with data from a population-based @entity600 registry in the Netherlands. All the @entity1 born between 1997 and 2006 were selected. Cases were defined as fetuses and @entity1 with isolated @entity299 , and the controls were fetuses and @entity1 with a @entity74 with no @entity299 . We excluded @entity1 for whom there was no information on maternal medication use and deceased @entity1 and fetuses who were not examined postmortem. First-trimester exposure to @entity903 was compared between cases and controls by calculating adjusted odds ratios (AOR). RESULTS: We included 678 cases with isolated @entity299 and 615 controls. The first trimester exposure rate was 1.5% for cases and 1.0% for controls. After excluding mothers who used @entity903 outside the first trimester, or who had used another SSRI, we found no significantly increased risk for @entity299 overall (10 exposed cases; AOR, 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-4.0), but we did find a significantly increased risk for atrium septum defects (three exposed cases; AOR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.4-23.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the use of @entity903 in early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of atrium septum defects. The results stress the importance of studying possible teratogenic effects of a drug, preferably in regard to well-specified @entity600 .

title: First-trimester use of XXXX and congenital heart defects: a population-based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects', 'heart defect']

answer: @entity903 :: (MESH:D017374,Chemical) :: ['paroxetine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many hospitals with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capability also use fibrinolytic therapy in @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 , but factors influencing the choice of reperfusion strategy at these hospitals are poorly understood. We examined clinical and system-related factors associated with choice of reperfusion strategy in @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 at PCI-capable hospitals. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 who presented to PCI-capable hospitals between July 1, 2000, and December 31, 2006, in the National Registry of @entity583 . Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between choice of reperfusion strategy and @entity1 -, hospital-, and system-related factors. We identified 25 579 @entity1 who received primary PCI and 14 332 @entity1 who received fibrinolytic therapy at 444 PCI-capable hospitals. Use of reperfusion strategies varied widely across hospitals, although primary PCI use increased over the study period. Among the key clinical factors that favored primary PCI, @entity1455 and delayed presentation were associated with greater use of primary PCI (adjusted odds ratios 2.14 [95% confidence interval 1.72 to 2.66] and 1.18 [95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.27], respectively), whereas a Thrombolysis in @entity583 risk score >/=5 was not. In contrast, female gender, advanced age, and nonwhite race, all risk factors for @entity932 after fibrinolytic therapy, were not associated with increased use of primary PCI. Off-hours presentation had the strongest association overall, with an approximately 70% lower likelihood of @entity1 undergoing primary PCI (adjusted odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.29). CONCLUSIONS: Use of primary PCI, although increasing over recent years, is not universal at PCI-capable hospitals, and optimization of its use at such hospitals represents a potential opportunity to improve outcomes in @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 .

title: Choice of reperfusion strategy at hospitals with primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a National Registry of XXXX analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: It has been hypothesized that the selective recognition of tissue-specific endothelial cell molecules helps determine the in vivo distribution of lymphoid effector cells by controlling the extravasation of their circulating precursors. Here we report (a) immunofluorescence studies of the cell surface phenotype of @entity1 lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL), including staining with monoclonal antibody Hermes-1, which defines a 90-kDa lymphocyte surface glycoprotein involved in recognition of high endothelial venules ( @entity4973 ); and (b) functional analyses of the ability of LPL to bind to @entity4973 in frozen sections of mucosal lymphoid tissues (appendix or Peyer's patch) vs. peripheral lymph nodes. Essentially all LPL bear the Hermes-1 antigen, over 90% at levels comparable to those of circulating PBL. As a population, LPL display a quantitative preference for adherence to mucosal @entity4973 , binding 0.8-1.5 times as well as PBL to mucosal @entity4973 , but only 0.1-0.5 times as well to @entity4973 in peripheral lymph nodes. Of particular interest was the behavior of the lymphoblast fraction, which typically constituted 3-7% of LPL. These cells, defined by size, consisted of a mixture of T cells and surface IgA+ blasts. One hundred percent were Hermes-1 bright, and they bound 4-8 times more efficiently to mucosal @entity4973 than PBL while failing to bind detectably to lymph node @entity4973 . LPL binding to mucosal @entity4973 involves the gp90 Hermes, since the monoclonal anti-gp90 antibody, Hermes-3, and a polyclonal anti-gp90 antiserum inhibit the binding of small LPL and of LP blasts. The remarkable efficiency and specificity of binding by LP blasts may reflect retention of homing properties of the blood-borne precursors of these blasts and is discussed in relation to the capacity of immunoblasts in mesenteric nodes and in thoracic duct lymph to traffic selectively to mucosal lymphoid and extralymphoid sites. The demonstration of organ-specific endothelial cell recognition by LP lymphoblasts provides considerable support for the concept that selective interactions with endothelium play an important role in directing the distribution of activated lymphocyte subsets in vivo.

title: XXXX lamina propria lymphocytes bear homing receptors and bind selectively to mucosal lymphoid high endothelium.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A study to determine some socio-cultural factors influencing knowledge and attitudes of the community toward @entity1201 was carried out in north-western Botswana, where cases of @entity1201 have been known to exist over the years. The study was largely qualitative, using ethnographic approaches. The research was tailored in a way to capture the ethnic diversity of the region, in particular two ethnic groups, namely Bayei and Bambukushu. The name or symptom complex associated with @entity1201 was 'ngara' or 'lepero' and this was associated with bad blood. Knowledge on disease causation was lacking, which in turn influenced health seeking behaviour of @entity1 . @entity1 were well integrated and accepted into the social structure of communities. @entity1 caring for these @entity1 did experience some additional burden and identified time as their major constraint in caretaking. It was apparent that the degree of rejection correlated with seriousness of the disease and extent of disabilities and dysfunction. The present pattern of health seeking behaviour needs to be altered, so that an early diagnosis can be made at the health facility. This will aid appropriate management and prevent occurrence of @entity717 , which in turn will reduce rejection and isolation of @entity1 . Education of community, @entity1 , traditional and religious healers on various aspects of the disease, especially causation, is essential to achieve a change in the health seeking behaviour.

title: Socio-cultural dimensions of XXXX in north-western Botswana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['deformities and disabilities']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: We studied four wrestling tournaments that totaled 1,049 @entity1 of grade school, high school, and college age levels. Two clearly serious injuries occurred: a wrist @entity174 and an @entity3029 . Knee and @entity3681 of mild to moderate severity were the most common diagnoses. No @entity130 occurred probably because ear protectors were worn. Nine- to 14-year-old @entity1 were injured least frequently (3.8%), partly because their matches were the shortest. The overall injury rate for high school and college wrestlers was 12.0%. Risk of injury did not vary with weight class or with successive matches. Thirty-nine percent of all injuries were because of aggravation of old injuries. Thus, rehabilitation after injury is believed to be an important preventive measure. These findings suggest that, although most injuries in wrestling are not severe, attendance at tournaments by medically trained personnel is warranted.

title: XXXX among wrestlers in school and college tournaments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprains']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the pinna']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['elbow dislocation']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To provide clinical evidence that @entity74 caused by selective @entity10598 )-blockers may be associated with larger symptomatic improvements in @entity1 with @entity1067 . METHODS: Post hoc analyses of data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of @entity6731 in Japan were performed. Subjects were randomized into 3 treatments: @entity6731 (4 mg twice daily), @entity9940 (0.2 mg once daily), or placebo. For statistical analysis, subjects receiving @entity6731 were stratified by the presence or @entity2048 . Efficacy was assessed using total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS subscores, 25% reduction in total IPSS, and quality of life score. Safety was assessed by frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and @entity6731 discontinuation. RESULTS: The @entity6731 subgroup with @entity74 ( @entity13763 +EjD) showed larger change in total IPSS than the @entity6731 subgroup without @entity74 ( @entity13763 -EjD) (difference: -4.36 [95% CI: -6.44 to -2.27]) and the placebo group (difference: -6.29 [95% CI: -8.44--4.14]). Remarkable improvement was observed at all time points. The success rate in @entity13763 +EjD was higher than in @entity13763 -EjD and placebo when measured using a 25% reduction in the total IPSS category. There were no significant differences in ADR rates other than @entity74 . Discontinuation rates between @entity13763 +EjD and @entity13763 -EjD were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity74 caused by selective @entity10598 )-blockers is associated with very large improvements in lower urinary tract symptoms. @entity1 with @entity74 may have larger symptomatic improvements without incremental risk for adverse events.

title: @entity74 is associated with increased efficacy of @entity6731 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6731 :: ('MESH:C095285', 'Chemical') :: ['silodosin']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ejaculation disorder']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence of ejaculation disorder']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The role of local excision in treating @entity5 @entity1 continues to be controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term oncological results of local excision for early @entity420 and review the outcomes of salvage therapy on @entity5 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 1992 and September 2005, 35 consecutive @entity1 with early-stage primary @entity420 were treated by local excision with curative intent. The mean @entity5 distance from the anal verge was 5 cm (range, 1-10 cm). RESULTS: The median follow-up was 66 months (range, 17-161 months). Pathological examination revealed 23 cases of T1 and 12 cases of T2. Recurrence had developed in 10 @entity1 (6 local recurrences, 4 systemic recurrences). Purely extrapelvic recurrence was observed in only two (5.7%) @entity1 . Of the eight recurrent @entity1 with surgical salvage, five survived with no evidence of disease at the time of this analysis. The 5-year local recurrence-free and disease-free survival rates were 79.6% and 67.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Local excision alone of early-staged @entity420 , even in the ideal candidate, is followed by a relatively higher local recurrence rate than previously reported and may not be a valid modality. Either the use of adjuvant therapy with local excision, even in @entity1 with T1 lesions or the use of preoperative therapy followed by local excision has good promise.

title: Recurrences after local excision for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIM: Locally advanced @entity5 is commonly treated by neoadjuvant therapy and the resultant @entity5 response can be quantified histologically. This therapy may also induce @entity1161 , which also can be graded. The aim of this study was to assess the grading of @entity5 regression and of @entity1161 and their relationship to other prognostic parameters. METHOD: Between 2000 and 2006, 75 @entity1 (23 @entity1 ; median duration of follow up, 58 months) with @entity5 were evaluated. Sixty-three had short-course radiotherapy and 12 had long-course radiotherapy. @entity5 regression was graded histologically using the three-point Ryan system: @entity1 with grades 1 and 2 were considered as responders and @entity1 with grade 3 were considered as nonresponders. @entity1161 was graded histologically as mild, moderate or severe, as described previously (J Pathol 2006; 210: P25). RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 were classified as responders and 46 as nonresponders. The former were less likely to be lymph node positive compared with the latter (P=0.001). @entity5 response did not correlate with local recurrence. Responders showed a disease-free survival (not overall survival) advantage at 2 and 5 years over nonresponders. Responders showed a higher rate of postoperative abdominal complications. Histological evidence of regression was demonstrated in @entity1 treated with short-course radiotherapy. There was no relationship between @entity455 . CONCLUSION: @entity1161 grade does not correlate with @entity260 . More abdominal complications occurred in @entity1 receiving long-course radiotherapy.

title: Histological grading of @entity5 regression and @entity1161 in locally advanced XXXX following neoadjuvant therapy: a critical appraisal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['radiation colitis grade and abdominal complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation colitis', 'Radiation colitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is well known that @entity1 run with a @entity10395 ( @entity10395 ), a @entity17323 ( @entity17323 ) or a @entity10395 ( @entity10395 ). A modular neural control mechanism of @entity1 walking and running has been discussed in terms of @entity121 . However, the neural control mechanisms for different foot strike patterns during running have been overlooked even though kinetic and kinematic differences between different foot strike patterns have been reported. Thus, we examined the differences in the neural control mechanisms of @entity1 running between @entity10395 and @entity10395 by comparing the @entity121 extracted from each foot strike pattern during running. Muscle synergies were extracted using non-negative matrix factorization with electromyogram activity recorded bilaterally from 12 limb and trunk muscles in ten male subjects during @entity10395 and @entity10395 running at different speeds (5-15 km/h). Six @entity121 were extracted from all conditions, and each synergy had a specific function and a single main peak of activity in a cycle. The six @entity121 were similar between @entity10395 and @entity10395 as well as across subjects and speeds. However, some muscle weightings showed significant differences between @entity10395 and @entity10395 , especially the weightings of the tibialis anterior of the landing leg in synergies activated just before touchdown. The activation patterns of the synergies were also different for each foot strike pattern in terms of the timing, duration, and magnitude of the main peak of activity. These results suggest that the central nervous system controls running by sending a sequence of signals to six @entity121 . Furthermore, a change in the foot strike pattern is accomplished by modulating the timing, duration and magnitude of the muscle synergy activity and by selectively activating other @entity121 or subsets of the @entity121 .

title: Comparison of XXXX for running between different foot strike patterns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity10395 :: ('MESH:D005534', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'FFS', 'fore-foot strike', 'rear-foot strike']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle synergies']

entities_list: @entity17323 :: ('MESH:D019767', 'Disease') :: ['mid-foot strike', 'MFS']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle synergies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of an indwelling catheter after uncomplicated hysterectomy is common, but remains controversial because of the occurrence of catheter-associated @entity293 ( @entity293 ) and discomfort. OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence on the benefits and harm from the use of an indwelling catheter after uncomplicated hysterectomy. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of @entity23 ( @entity23 ). DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Science Citation Index up to July 2014 were searched for relevant @entity23 and the reference lists of the included studies were also searched manually. REVIEW METHODS: Included studies were @entity23 comparing immediate and delayed catheter @entity13172 without concomitant pelvic floor surgery. Two independent reviewers identified relevant @entity23 , assessed their methodological quality and extracted data. Mantel-Haenszel estimates were calculated and pooled using a fixed or random effects model data are expressed as relative risks (RRs) and 95  % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Ten @entity23 with a total of 1,188 @entity1 that met the inclusion criteria were analysed. Early catheter removal was associated with a reduced risk of positive urine culture (RR 0.60, 95  % CI 0.40 to 0.88) and symptomatic UTI (RR 0.23, 95  % CI 0.10 to 0.52). However, the incidence of recatheterization was lower among @entity1 with delayed catheter removal (RR 3.32, 95  % CI 1.48 to 7.46). There was no significant difference in febrile morbidity associated with UTI between the two approaches (RR 0.38, 95  % CI 0.11 to 1.36). In addition, delayed catheter removal was associated with a longer time to first ambulation (standard mean difference -2.73, 95  % CI -4.00 to -1.47]. CONCLUSIONS: The existing evidence from @entity23 suggests that delayed catheter @entity13172 increases the incidence of postoperative @entity793 and symptomatic UTI but reduces the risk of recatheterization.

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing immediate and delayed catheter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity13172 :: ('MESH:C536333', 'Disease') :: ['removal following uncomplicated hysterectomy']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

answer: @entity13172 :: (MESH:C536333,Disease) :: ['removal following uncomplicated hysterectomy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic yield of vitreous fluid analysis and the therapeutic effect of pars plana vitrectomy in @entity1 with suspected @entity32 . METHODS: During 2004-2008, pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 89 @entity1 (101 eyes) out of 1233 @entity1 with @entity1596 . Vitreous specimens were analyzed by cytologic and histopathologic examination, microbiologic culture, polymerase chain reaction, antibody determination, and flow cytometry. Vitrectomy was performed in 85 eyes for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes; the remaining 16 eyes underwent only diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected Snellen visual acuity was compared. RESULTS: Preoperative diagnoses were @entity281 in 40 @entity1 , @entity5 in 10 @entity1 , and idiopathic @entity1596 in 39 @entity1 . Vitreous analysis contributed to the determination of diagnosis in 54 @entity1 (61%). Final diagnoses were @entity281 in 42 @entity1 , @entity5 in 6 @entity1 , @entity11529 in 16 @entity1 , and idiopathic @entity1596 in 25 @entity1 . Vitreous fluid collected from each eye underwent approximately 2.2 (range 1-6) laboratory tests. Therapeutic reasons for vitrectomy were the treatment of complications of @entity1596 in 42 eyes and/or intravitreal application of anti- @entity166 or cytostatic drugs in 49 eyes. Overall, the visual acuity improved in 45% of eyes, remained unchanged in 45% of eyes, and decreased in 10% of eyes in 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana vitrectomy with carefully selected testing is a valuable tool for assessment of diagnosis in a large proportion of @entity1 with @entity1596 . Moreover, the therapeutic effect of vitrectomy can improve the visual outcomes in these @entity1 .

title: The role of pars plana vitrectomy in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11529 :: ('MESH:D020936', 'Disease') :: ['benign masquerade syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant masquerade syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: @entity1919 stimulates a marked accumulation of @entity3507 and @entity7807 mRNAs that reflects, in part, increased rates of gene transcription. We find that a major component of @entity268 stimulation of alpha and @entity7807 mRNAs is independent of new protein synthesis. After treatment of JEG-3 @entity1466 cells with @entity1880 , basal levels of alpha and @entity7807 mRNAs decreased over 12 h to 27% and 13% of control values, respectively. However, @entity1880 treatment did not affect the degree of @entity268 -stimulation of alpha and @entity7807 mRNA levels which increased 20- and 26-fold, respectively. Similarly, @entity1880 did not block @entity268 -stimulated transcription of the alpha and @entity7807 genes. The effect of @entity268 treatment on alpha and @entity7807 mRNA stability was assessed by decay after removal of @entity268 , pulse-chase analyses, and decay after inhibition of RNA synthesis by @entity4316 . The half-lives of alpha and @entity7807 mRNAs determined by decay rates after removal of @entity268 were 6.0 h and 7.2 h, respectively. Consistent with these measurements of mRNA stability, alpha and @entity7807 mRNA half-lives determined by pulse-chase analyses were 8.8 h and 8.6 h, respectively. @entity1919 treatment increased the half-lives of alpha and @entity7807 mRNAs 1.8- and 3.4-fold, respectively. Thus, the effects of @entity268 on alpha and @entity7807 gene expression are predominantly transcriptional, but @entity268 also increases mRNA levels via a posttranscriptional mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) effects on chorionic gonadotropin gene transcription and mRNA stability: labile proteins mediate basal expression whereas stable proteins mediate XXXX stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective, clinical comparative analysis describes differences in clinical signs and symptoms and medication tolerability between those @entity1 who receive topical corticosteroids prior to initiation of topical @entity205 0.5% emulsion (tCSA) therapy for chronic @entity2194 (CDED) and those who received tCSA and were not first induced with corticosteroid drops. @entity6168 is the only approved medication for CDED. Stinging is the most common side effect of tCSA and reason for tCSA discontinuation. This analysis describes an effective pharmacologic means to reduce tCSA @entity8976 and subsequent discontinuation. METHODS: Thirty-six consecutive @entity1 were initially treated with @entity3748 (LE) 0.5% (Lotemax; Bausch _ Lomb) for a period ranging from 2 to 16 months prior to institution of concomitant tCSA (Restasis   ; Allergan). Clinical parameters ( @entity941 staining, conjunctival redness, tear meniscus) were compared over a period of 6 months to a second cohort of 36 consecutive @entity1 who were initially prescribed continuous tCSA without concomitant LE pretreatment. @entity1 in the LE pretreatment group discontinued LE after 3-6 months of concomitant therapy while continuing tCSA therapy. RESULTS: Of the 36 LE pretreatment @entity1 , only 2 developed significant @entity8976 (5.5%) and 1 discontinued the use of tCSA because of @entity8976 (2.8%). Of the @entity1 without LE pretreatment, 8 developed @entity8976 (22%) and 3 discontinued tCSA as a result (8.3%). The intergroup P value was significant for severe @entity8976 (<0.02) and for tCSA discontinuation because of severe @entity8976 (<0.04). @entity1 in the LE pretreatment group had no statistically significant differences in preenrollment disease severity or demographics (P range from 0.19 to 0.59) compared with the group without pretreatment. CONCLUSION: Topical corticosteroid preparation of the ocular surface in CDED with LE induction therapy may reduce discomfort from subsequent long-term maintenance topical medications, particularly tCSA. This analysis describes a readily available induction and maintenance pharmacologic strategy to reduce tCSA @entity8976 and subsequent discontinuation.

title: Topical XXXX pretreatment reduces @entity205 @entity8976 in chronic @entity2194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3748 :: ('MESH:C063378', 'Chemical') :: ['loteprednol etabonate']

answer: @entity3748 :: (MESH:C063378,Chemical) :: ['loteprednol']


abstract: Many actions of the classical gonadal and adrenal @entity134 hormones are at the level of transcriptional regulation. Recent studies have shown, however, that endogenous brain metabolites of @entity230 exert important nongenomic modulatory effects on neuronal mechanisms. Potentiation of the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) subtype of @entity2227 receptor by the neurosteroid @entity10768 (PS) was studied using cultured hippocampal neurons and patch-clamp techniques. The magnitude of @entity143 -activated whole-cell currents was approximately doubled in the presence of 100 microM PS. The dose-response curve of PS action showed significant potentiation above 250 nM and a half-maximal effect at approximately 29 microM. Maximum potentiation was reached within 25 sec, and the potentiation was completely reversed with 60 sec of washout. The enhancement of the @entity143 current is probably not due to activation of a new ionic conductance, because the reversal potential of the I-V curve did not shift in the presence of PS. Potentiation is specific for the @entity143 subtype of @entity2227 receptor; non- @entity143 currents showed only a slight inhibition (approximately 6%) in the presence of 50 microM PS. Potentiation of the @entity143 current by PS occurred in the presence of saturating concentrations of @entity143 and @entity2228 , indicating that at saturating concentrations of the coagonists PS does not change the affinity between the coagonists and the @entity143 receptor. The dose-response relations for @entity143 and @entity2228 were shifted slightly to the left, and the percent potentiation was significantly higher for lower concentrations of coagonists, suggesting that at low concentrations of the coagonists PS may slightly increase their affinity for the @entity143 receptor. The fractional open time (nPo) of single @entity143 -activated channels was potentiated by PS in patch-clamp recordings using both the outside-out and cell-attached configurations. The potentiation of nPo resulted from increases in the frequency of opening and in the mean channel open time. No effect was seen on single-channel conductances.

title: @entity10768 potentiation of XXXX receptor channels in hippocampal neurons.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10768 :: ('MESH:C018370', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone sulfate']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, compliance and side-effects of @entity4184 administered twice daily (b.d.) and four times a day (q.d.) with a Turbuhaler device in @entity748 subjects requiring < or = 1200 micrograms daily. The randomized, parallel group study design included a 2-week baseline period followed by a 6-12-month treatment period. Subjects were assessed at regular intervals in hospital through FEV1, PC20 @entity2710 , adrenal function and throat swabs. They were asked to record their symptoms and PEF values morning and evening at home. An @entity748 flare-up, which was the main outcome resulting in a @entity1 's termination of the study, was defined beforehand as (a) 25% or greater diurnal variability in PEF for 2 consecutive days, and/or (b) nocturnal awakenings due to @entity565 symptoms 2 days or more in the same week and/or (c) an increase (doubling or more) in the need for inhaled bronchodilator 2 days in the same week. Fifty-eight adult @entity748 subjects (20 males and 38 females) entered the study, one-half being randomly assigned to the b.d. regimen and one half to the q.d. regimen. Fourteen subjects were on 400 micrograms, 15 subjects on 800 micrograms and 29 subjects on 1200 micrograms of @entity4184 daily. Seventeen flare-ups were recorded in the b.d. regimen group as opposed to 11 in the q.d. regimen (P = 0.05), significant differences being found in the 800 and 1200 micrograms groups (a total of 13 flare-ups in the b.d. group and eight flare-ups in the q.d. group for the two doses, P = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of four-times-a-day and twice-a-day dosing regimens in subjects requiring 1200 micrograms or less of XXXX to control mild to moderate @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: @entity8728 -binding proteins ( @entity11528 ) purified from @entity1573 egg white, yolk and the serum of laying hens differ in their @entity1735 compositions reflecting tissue-specific modifications of a single gene product. All three are complex glycoproteins having more than twice as many @entity3954 residues (greater than 12) as @entity3913 residues (approx. 6). Egg white @entity11528 is distinctive in having only one @entity3167 and two @entity3649 residues. Serum @entity11528 contains approx. five @entity3167 and seven @entity3649 residues. In addition there is one residue of @entity3953 . The @entity1735 composition of yolk @entity11528 indicated the hydrolysis, respectively, of one, one, two and 3 residues of @entity3167 , @entity3953 , @entity3649 , and @entity3954 from its precursor, serum @entity11528 . The effect of these differing levels of glycosylation on plasma clearance, ovarian uptake and tissue distribution of 125I-labeled @entity8728 -binding proteins in laying hens were compared. 2 h after intravenous injection, 19% of the egg white @entity11528 , 29% of the yolk @entity11528 , and 37% of the serum @entity11528 remained in circulation. The kinetics of plasma clearance was distinctly biphasic for each of the radioiodinated proteins. The initial rapid-turnover component (t1/2 = 13 min) ranged from 27% of the serum @entity11528 sample to 48% of the egg white @entity11528 sample. The remaining slow-turnover components were cleared with half-lives of 81 min (egg white @entity11528 ), 101 min (yolk @entity11528 ), and 121 min (serum @entity11528 ). 16 h after injection, only 4% of the egg white @entity11528 was deposited in the yolk of developing oocytes while about 12% of the serum @entity11528 and yolk @entity11528 was deposited. This highly significant difference is apparently due to preferential, @entity1735 -dependent clearance of egg white @entity11528 by the liver rather than preferential uptake of serum and yolk @entity11528 by the ovarian follicle. We find no evidence for @entity1735 -directed uptake of @entity8728 -binding protein by the ovarian follicle.

title: @entity1735 compositional effects on tissue distribution of XXXX @entity8728 -binding protein.

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin', 'Riboflavin']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of @entity3182 in @entity1 with @entity409 and @entity843 . DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: From July 2001 to March 2002 at Civil Hospital, Karachi. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 240 @entity1 who were admitted in the Medical Wards of Civil Hospital, Karachi, during the study period. The subjects were diagnosed as having @entity409 and all of them had @entity843 . All the @entity1 with @entity8 were identified and were worked up for @entity3182 and other causes of @entity8 . RESULTS: Of two hundred and forty (240) @entity1 enrolled in the study, 148 were male (61.7%) and 92 were female (38.3%). Seventy-six (76) @entity1 (31.6%) were found to have @entity8 as diagnosed by serum @entity1011 level of 1.5 mEq/L or greater. Six (6) @entity1 showed improvement in their serum @entity1011 level (below 1.5 mg/dL) after receiving 1.5 liter of normal saline infusion and diuretic withdrawal. Eleven (11) @entity1 were diagnosed to have primary @entity8 based on urine analysis, urinary protein excretion and ultrasound examination. Six (6) @entity1 were diagnosed to have @entity8 secondary to analgesic @entity8 and in seventeen (17) @entity1 @entity8 was secondary to spontaneous @entity298 . The remaining 36 (47.4%) @entity1 with @entity8 were diagnosed as suffering from @entity3182 based on the diagnostic criteria. This represents the frequency of 15% among @entity1 with @entity409 and @entity843 . CONCLUSION: @entity3182 is common complication in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 . It was the most common cause of @entity8 in this series followed by other causes like spontaneous @entity298 , primary @entity8 , analgesic @entity8 and @entity3485 .

title: Frequency of XXXX among cirrhotics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal impairment', 'renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome', 'Hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity3182 :: (MESH:D006530,Disease) :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic @entity169 was introduced in the Netherlands in the early 1990s. The authors' institution was among the first to adopt this technique. In this study, long-term @entity547 recurrence among @entity1 treated by the total extraperitoneal (TEP) approach for an @entity169 is described. A cohort study was conducted. METHODS: Between January 1993 and December 1997, 346 TEP @entity547 repairs were performed for 318 @entity1 . After a mean follow-up period of 13-years, a senior resident examined each @entity1 . An experienced surgeon subsequently examined the @entity1 with a diagnosis of recurrent @entity547 . Data were collected on an intention-to-treat basis, meaning that conversions were included in the analysis. Univariant tests were used to analyze age older than 50  years, @entity1030 , body mass index, smoking habit, @entity547 type, history of open @entity547 repair, conversion, and surgeon as potential risk factors. RESULTS: The analysis included 191 @entity1 (62%) with 213 @entity547 . Of the original 318 @entity1 , 59 @entity1 died, and 68 were lost to follow-up evaluation. Perioperatively, 105 lateral, 55 medial, and 53 pantalon @entity547 were observed. Of the 213 @entity547 , 176 were primary and 37 were recurrent. The overall recurrence rate was 8.9% (8.5% for primary and 10.8% for recurrent @entity547 ). Of the total study group, 48% of the @entity1 experienced a @entity169 during their lifetime. No predicting factor for recurrent @entity547 could be identified. CONCLUSIONS: The current long-term results for TEP repair of primary and secondary @entity169 show an overall recurrence rate of 8.9%, which is slightly higher than in previous studies. The thorough examination at follow-up assessment, the learning curve effect, and the intention-to-treat-analysis may have influenced the observed recurrence rate. Also, the percentage of @entity547 was higher than known to date. Therefore, examination of the contralateral side should be standard procedure.

title: Follow-up period of 13  years after endoscopic total extraperitoneal repair of XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral inguinal hernia', 'inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias', 'bilateral hernias']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernias']


abstract: PURPOSE: We established the efficacy and safety of sublingual @entity3826 compared with oral @entity7855 in comparable groups of @entity1 with @entity323 ( @entity323 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, randomized, crossover study included 77 heterosexual @entity1 with @entity323 of various etiologies and severities. A total of 62 @entity1 were randomized but only 34 were evaluable for efficacy and tolerability. The study started with a run-in period of 2 to 4 weeks. The first 4 weeks of treatment were followed by a washout period of 4 weeks, after which @entity1 changed to the alternate treatment for an additional 4-week period. The sequence of the 2 treatments was established by a randomization list in blocks in closed packets. The primary efficacy end point was the percent of attempts resulting in erection firm enough for intercourse. Additional variables were the percent of attempts resulting in intercourse and improvement in @entity323 , as evaluated by the erectile function domain score of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity7855 was significantly more effective than @entity3826 in regard to the percent of attempts resulting in erection firm enough for intercourse (85% vs 44%, p <0.0001) and actually resulting in intercourse (81% vs 43%, p <0.0001) as well as erectile function evaluated by the erectile function domain score of the International Index of Erectile Function (p <0.001). The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different for the 2 drugs. Although the number of @entity1 was small, this study had strong statistical power due to the striking difference in results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7855 was significantly more effective than @entity3826 for @entity323 . No statistical difference in adverse events was noted.

title: Prospective, randomized, crossover comparison of sublingual XXXX (3 mg) with oral @entity7855 (50 mg) for @entity323 .

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity3826 :: (MESH:D001058,Chemical) :: ['apomorphine']


abstract: In subjects with untreated @entity164 2 @entity6 , we previously determined that a weight-maintenance, non-ketogenic diet containing 30 % protein, 50 % fat and 20 % @entity1735 (30:50:20) decreased the percentage total glycohaemoglobin (%tGHb) by 2.2 % glycohaemoglobin over 5 weeks compared to a diet recommended for the American public (protein-fat- @entity1735 15:30:55). Both the fasting and postprandial @entity413 were decreased. The objective of the present study was to determine if increasing the @entity1735 content from 20 to 30 % at the expense of fat would still provide a similar effect on %tGHb, fasting and postprandial @entity413 concentration. Eight @entity1 with untreated @entity164 2 @entity6 were studied over a 5-week period. Results at the beginning (standard diet) and end of the 5-week study were analysed. Body weight was stable. Fasting @entity413 concentration decreased by 40 %; 24 h @entity413 area response decreased by 45 %. @entity2690 did not change. Mean %tGHb decreased by 1.7 (from 10.8 to 9.1 %), and was still decreasing linearly at 5 weeks. In conclusion, a high-protein, 30 % @entity1735 diet could be a @entity1 -empowering method of improving the hyperglycaemia of @entity164 2 @entity6 without pharmacologic intervention. Long-term effects and general applicability of this diet remain to be determined.

title: Effect of the LoBAG30 diet on blood @entity413 control in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the factors that regulate the pattern of gene expression in @entity10043 and @entity7391 metabolism in normal liver and @entity157 . For this purpose, the action of a hormone, insulin, and the development of resistance to a chemotherapeutic agent, @entity18152 , were studied. This investigation brought detailed evidence showing that in the @entity35 insulin exerted a profound effect on liver @entity10043 and @entity7391 metabolism by regulating the concentrations of @entity2036 through controlling the activities of strategic enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. When @entity35 were made @entity6 by @entity10835 treatment, in the average liver cell concentrations of @entity855 , @entity3007 , @entity856 and @entity93 decreased to 66, 62, 54 and 63%, respectively, of those of normal liver. Administration of insulin for 2 days returned the hepatic @entity377 concentrations to normal range; further insulin treatment for an additional 5 days raised the concentrations of @entity855 , @entity3007 , @entity856 and @entity93 to 197, 352, 412 and 792% of values observed in the liver of @entity6 @entity35 . In @entity6 @entity35 the hepatic activities of OMP decarboxylase, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, @entity6683 phosphorylase, @entity6683 - @entity3183 kinase and @entity5537 phosphoribosyltransferase decreased to 44, 48, 70, 36 and 41% of the activities of normal liver. Insulin treatment for 2 days returned activities to normal range. Continued insulin treatment for an additional 5 days increased the enzymic activities to 3.9- to 5.3-fold of those of the liver of the @entity6 @entity35 . The regulation by insulin treatment of the activities of enzymes of de novo and salvage synthesis of UMP should explain, in part at least, the decline and increase of the uridylate pool in @entity6 and after insulin treatment. In the @entity6 @entity35 hepatic @entity93 synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme of @entity93 biosynthesis, decreased to 53% and insulin administration for 2 days restored activity to normal range. Insulin treatment for an additional 5 days increased the synthetase activity to 4-fold of the values of the @entity409 . Thus, the behavior of liver @entity93 synthetase activity is tightly linked with that of the @entity93 pool. In the @entity6 @entity35 liver, the activity of @entity15129 dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of @entity3007 biosynthesis, decreased to 24% of that of the normal liver. Insulin administration for 2 days returned the activity to normal range, yielding a 4.5-fold increase in the activity from the @entity6 to the insulin-treated state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of @entity10043 and XXXX metabolism by insulin and by resistance to @entity18152 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity18152 :: ('MESH:C033706', 'Chemical') :: ['tiazofurin']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic liver']

entities_list: @entity3183 :: ('MESH:D003562', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity7391 :: (MESH:C030986,Chemical) :: ['pyrimidine']