abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop an in vitro torso model constructed with fluid bags and to determine whether this model could be used to differentiate between the heat prevention performance of devices with active chemical or radiant forced-air heating systems compared with passive @entity393 prevention devices. METHODS: We tested three active ( @entity2332 Prevention Management Kit [HPMK], Ready-Heat, and Bair Hugger) and five passive (wool, space blankets, @entity19890 , @entity1 remains pouch, and Hot Pocket) @entity2332 prevention products. Active warming devices included products with chemically or electrically heated systems. Both groups were tested on a fluid model warmed to 37 degrees C versus a control with no warming device. Core temperatures were recorded every 5 minutes for 120 minutes in total. RESULTS: Products that prevent @entity393 with an actively heated element performed better than most passive prevention methods. The original HPMK achieved and maintained significantly higher temperatures than all other methods and the controls at 120 minutes (p < 0.05). None of the devices with an actively heated element achieved the sustained 44 degrees C that could damage @entity1 tissue if left in place for 6 hours. The best passive methods of @entity393 prevention were the Hot Pocket and Blizzard blanket, which performed the same as two of the three active heating methods tested at 120 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Our in vitro fluid bag "torso" model seemed sensitive to detect @entity393 in the evaluation of several active or passive warming devices. All active and most passive devices were better than wool blankets. Under conditions near room temperature, passive warming methods (Blizzard blanket or the Hot Pocket) were as effective as active warming devices other than the original HPMK. Further studies are necessary to determine how these data can translate to field conditions in preventing @entity393 in combat casualties.

title: Preventing XXXX : comparison of current devices used by the US Army in an in vitro warmed fluid model.

entities_list: @entity19890 :: ('MESH:C535880', 'Disease') :: ['Blizzard blankets']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['heat loss']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic value of cardiac CT for the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity4503 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 with @entity472 who underwent surgical valve repair between September 2005 and November 2006 were examined by ECG-gated CT and echocardiography. A 64-MDCT scanner was used. The image findings regarding the number of leaflets (bicuspid or tricuspid) were compared against the intraoperative findings and were statistically analyzed by one-way univariate analysis of variance. The aortic valve area (AVA) was also measured by CT and echocardiography, and the measured values were statistically compared by use of the paired Student's t test. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 had a bicuspid aortic valve, and 33 had a tricuspid aortic valve. In 10 of the 50 @entity1 , echocardiography was unable to depict the type of aortic valve because of extensive @entity730 . The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the detection of a bicuspid aortic valve were 76.5%, 60.6%, 68.4%, and 95.2%, respectively, for echocardiography and 94.1%, 100%, 100%, and 97.1%, respectively, for CT. The CT findings were not significantly different from the intraoperative findings (p = 0.99), but the echocardiographic findings were (p < 0.05). The AVA measurements obtained by CT and echocardiography were 0.940    0.44 cm(2) and 0.659    0.234 cm(2), respectively, showing a significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ECG-gated cardiac CT is useful for the accurate morphologic assessment of @entity4503 , especially in @entity1 with severe @entity7874 .

title: Diagnostic value of cardiac CT in the evaluation of XXXX : comparison with echocardiography and operative findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve disease', 'bicuspid aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['valve calcification']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['bicuspid aortic stenosis']


abstract: -The ability of endothelin receptor blockade to prevent and to treat established cerebral and @entity8 was explored in salt-loaded @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP) with the endothelin receptor subtype-A antagonist @entity11080 . SHRSP were subjected to 1% @entity1219 intake. The start of treatment with @entity11080 (35 and 70 mg. kg-1. d-1, respectively) was either synchronized with salt loading or initiated after the first observation of @entity2657 with T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. In untreated control animals median survival was 54 days (range, 32 to 80 days) after the start of salt loading. Early-onset @entity11080 treatment increased median survival to 233 days (range, 92 to 407 days; P<0.05 versus controls) with 35 mg/kg and to 124 days (range, 97 to 169 days; P<0.05 versus control) with 70 mg/kg. The development of @entity2657 was prevented, and systolic blood pressure and @entity644 were dose-dependently reduced. However, all @entity35 in the 70-mg/kg treatment group developed @entity548 in the basal ganglia shortly before death. Late-onset @entity11080 treatment failed to affect survival, systolic blood pressure, or @entity644 . Nevertheless, @entity2657 was reduced but not as well as in early-onset treatment. Development of @entity101 , @entity2657 , and @entity644 was prevented in SHRSP when @entity11080 treatment was initiated at the start of salt-loading. However, @entity11080 treatment did not prolong survival in SHRSP with @entity2657 . This suggests that in SHRSP the @entity11081 participates actively in the development of increased blood pressure and initiation of organ damage but participates minimally in established malignant @entity101 and progression of target-organ damage.

title: Early-onset but not late-onset @entity11081 blockade can modulate @entity101 , XXXX , and @entity644 in @entity64 -prone @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['cerebral edema']


abstract: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) are rare neoplasms with an increased risk of local recurrence and @entity3 usually affecting sun-exposed skin of the elderly. Microscopically, they are characterized by elongated cords of atypical epithelial cells associated with a prominent (usually reactive) @entity2269 . To expand this clinicopathologic spectrum, we report 6 cases of an unusual variant of desmoplastic @entity6461 in which the "desmoplastic" areas are predominantly composed of cytologically bland malignant spindle cells mimicking a reactive/benign scarring process. Five @entity1 were males and a @entity1 was a female. The median age at presentation was 72 years. Three @entity1 had history of several years of immunosuppressive therapy for solid organ transplant. All @entity5 affected sun-damaged skin of the head and commonly infiltrated into the subcutaneous fat and deeper structures. Histopathologically, they were predominantly composed of relatively bland spindle cells in a fascicular pattern. Mitoses ranged from 2 to 4 per 10 high power fields. Pleomorphism was focally seen in all cases. Squamous differentiation in the invasive component was focally seen in 4 cases. @entity6461 in situ was seen in all cases. All cases showed reactivity for keratin immunostains. Median follow-up was 19 months. Two of 6 @entity1 died of metastatic @entity6461 ; 1 @entity1 died of unrelated causes; and 3 @entity1 were alive without evidence of disease. Accurate recognition of this entity is essential because of potential misdiagnosis as a benign process including scar and @entity3074 . Careful search for atypical features and squamous differentiation, immunohistochemical studies, and, in some cases, deeper sections are required to establish the diagnosis.

title: @entity957 . A diagnostically challenging XXXX mimicking a scar: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 6 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas', 'SCCs']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic stroma']

entities_list: @entity3074 :: ('MESH:D018219', 'Disease') :: ['dermatofibroma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Quality assurance/quality improvement (QA-QI) is a priority for maintaining the highest standards of care in @entity130 systems. To be an effective tool for system review, the QA-QI indicators should identify @entity1 with higher rates of morbidity and mortality from injury. While the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Operations have identified certain audit filters within the @entity130 system, there are few data to substantiate the value of these audit filters for @entity130 care. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of the ACS @entity130 indicators to predict adverse @entity1 outcome following injury requiring review. The study population consisted of 44,019 @entity1 from the North Carolina State Trauma Registry from 1987 to 1992. Of the 22 audit filters nine were available for analysis. Mortality rate, length of stay, and total charges were used as measures of outcome. The hypotheses tested were that @entity1 who met the indicator criteria would have higher mortality rates and worse outcomes than the non-indicator group. Student's t test and Chi-square analysis were used to test the differences between the group which met the criteria for the indicator and those without. Of the nine audit filters tested, only three were found to have significantly worse outcomes than their non-indicator comparison group: gunshot wound to the abdomen with non-surgical management, femur @entity174 without fixation, and complications from @entity1151 -deep vein @entity715 -decubitus ulcer (p < 0.05). Contrary to expectations, four of the audit filters, @entity772 without intubation, laparotomy > 2 hours, transfer > 6 hours, and admission to non-surgical service, actually had significantly better outcomes than their non-indicator counterpart. Scene time > 20 minutes, laparotomy > 2 hours after arrival, and craniotomy > 4 hours after arrival may be indicators of @entity1 at risk for morbidity. This study demonstrates that several ACS clinical indicators, as currently written, are not useful in identifying @entity1 at higher risk for poor outcome. The indicators need further definition to be of value in the quality review process. Specifically, the study suggests that audit filters should be data driven and based upon analyses of large populations of injured @entity1 and their outcomes to be valid QA-QI tools.

title: American College of Surgeons XXXX quality indicators: an analysis of outcome in a statewide @entity130 registry.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) is a @entity66 to treat. Surgery may be curative, but just like @entity5 surgery, it must be complete to effect a cure. Preoperative imaging of @entity75 is therefore of interest. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the ultrasound characteristics of @entity6691 and compare these to the clinical findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Real-time compound imaging ultrasound systems were used (Philips HDI 5000 and iU22) to visualize @entity1751 in seven @entity1 and regional controls images from eight healthy volunteers. RESULTS: @entity6691 -related features were identified: various fluid collections, increased dermal thickness (mean+/-SD, 3.3+/-1.0 mm vs. 1.4+/-0.3 mm for controls) and lower echogenicity of the skin. In comparison with clinical examination, we were able to identify both @entity75 and subclinical extension of lesions into clinically normal looking paralesional skin. Hair follicles appeared distended. CONCLUSION: A number of @entity1751 features can be identified by ultrasound. These features include both @entity75 and possible predisposing factors such as skin thickness and hair follicle morphology. Ultrasonography can identify the true extent of lesions in @entity1751 , which may be of use in the preoperative planning.

title: Real-time compound imaging ultrasound of XXXX suppurativa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'Hidradenitis suppurativa', 'HS lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['difficult disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['actual lesions', 'hidradenitis lesions', 'subclinical lesions']

entities_list: @entity6691 :: ('MESH:D016575', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenitis', 'Hidradenitis']

answer: @entity6691 :: (MESH:D016575,Disease) :: ['hidradenitis']


abstract: A 45-year-old @entity1 was well until February 1986, when he experienced gait disturbance and @entity146 symptoms. On February 11 he fell down several times and developed generalized @entity410 on the following day. He was admitted to a hospital in a @entity558 . The chest X-ray film showed infiltration in the @entity1315 , but computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head revealed no abnormality. Cerebrospinal fluid obtained by lumbar puncture contained 155 cells/mm3, all of which were lymphocytes, and protein and @entity413 concentrations were 372 mg/dl and 68 mg/dl respectively. In spite of negative smear tests of sputum and cerebrospinal fluid for tubercle bacilli he was administered antituberculosis drugs on the suspicion of @entity1907 and @entity1906 . His level of consciousness gradually returned to normal but the follow-up CT scans showed a low density area with contrast enhancement in the right thalamus and obliteration of the right quadrigeminal cistern which was also enhanced with contrast medium. He was transferred to our hospital on March 28 for further evaluation. On admission to our hospital he was alert and oriented, his pupils were equal and reactive to light and he had mild @entity1269 , left @entity427 and @entity1002 . Cell count of the cerebrospinal fluid was 243/mm3, 90% of which were lymphocytes and protein and @entity413 contents were 340 mg/dl and 42 mg/dl respectively. Both smear and culture of the cerebrospinal fluid were negative for tubercle bacilli and other organisms. Cytological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated clusters of cells of various sizes with high N/C ratio which suggested these cells were malignant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Tuberculoma and XXXX mimicking metastatic brain tumor and meningeal carcinomatosis--case report].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['delirious condition']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['left upper lobe']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left hemihypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['tuberculous meningitis']


abstract: Although @entity1042 ( @entity2716 ) may assume a significant role as a fuel, which implies wide availability, little is known of its @entity137 apart from acute @entity4968 episodes in @entity1 adults. Even less is known about its @entity137 in developing organisms. This experiment studied the early behavioral development of @entity35 whose mothers had consumed @entity2716 during gestation by measuring the responses of suckling (postnatal day 1) and nest-seeking (postnatal day 10). Primigravida Long-Evans @entity35 were divided into three groups (N = 10). Two of the groups consumed drinking solutions of 2% @entity2716 instead of distilled water either on gestational days 15-17 ( @entity2716 1) or 17-19 ( @entity2716 2). No maternal @entity137 was apparent as measured by @entity1017 , gestational duration, and daily fluid intake. Daily @entity2716 consumption averaged 2.5 gm/kg over the 3-day period in both @entity2716 groups. Litter size, birth weight, and @entity1 mortality did not differ among the three groups. Postnatal growth and date of eye opening were unaffected. @entity2716 pups required longer than controls to begin suckling on postnatal day 1. On postnatal day 10, they required more time to locate nesting material from their home cages. These data suggest that prenatal @entity2716 exposure induces @entity146 early in life that are unaccompanied by overt @entity137 .

title: Neonatal behavioral @entity137 in @entity35 following prenatal exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1042 :: (MESH:D000432,Chemical) :: ['methanol']


abstract: A homogeneous series of 27 cases of cystoprostatectomy performed for @entity5 was analysed from two points of view: surgical and carcinological. Surgical treatment in a group of relatively young @entity1 in good general health resulted in low mortality (3.7%) and morbidity (26%) with a mean hospital stay of 23.9 days. In this series, cystectomy was followed by cutaneous ureterostomy (5 cases), Coffey ureterostomy (4 cases), Bricker ureterostomy (8 cases) and 10 replacements. The techniques are described. In 8 cases of replacement, sub-total prostatectomy was performed and, in one half of @entity1 , sexual potency was preserved. There was only one case of superficial recurrence in the graft-urethra junction which was resected without further recurrence after 6 years. Twenty-three @entity1 were treated by radiotherapy and 9 received @entity900 based chemotherapy. The 5 year survival rate was 22%. The overall survival for N+ @entity5 , which were the most common in this series, did not exceed 2 years. In contrast, all N- @entity1 are alive after a period of 7 years. At the present time, no decisive role can be attributed to either radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Radical surgery, performed early in the course of the disease, remains the only effective treatment. Furthermore, replacement with preservation of the sphincter decreases the mutilating aspect of cystoprostatectomy.

title: [Study of a homogeneous series of 27 total cystectomies for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the occurrence of @entity2259 during delivery and to verify the necessity of prophylaxis against @entity884 . METHODS: The authors collected hemoculture of 100 @entity1 , 15,30 and 45 minutes after delivery. The data were collected from May 1992 until May 1993. The positive hemocultures were followed by antibiogram. RESULTS: Seven hemocultures were positive: six for Staphylococcus, one for Candida sp, Penicilium sp, Clandosporum sp and Aspergillus sp that were found in association. Four @entity1 had @entity3465 , longer than 6 hours before delivery (p < 0.05). Six @entity1 had labor longer than 6 hours after admission (p < 0.05). The authors did not observe differences related to vaginal delivery with or without forceps or cesarean section. The samples were all sensible to @entity5821 at the antibiogram. CONCLUSION: Labor and delivery is a high risk procedure for @entity2259 and so for ineffective @entity884 in susceptible @entity1 . The statistical analysis recognize as risk factors labor longer than 6 hours inside the hospital and @entity3465 . We propose the use of intravenous @entity5821 1g 60 minutes before expulsion and repeated 6 and 12 hours later.

title: [ XXXX induced by labor. Is prophylaxis for @entity884 necessary?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature amniorrhexis', 'prematures amniorrhexis']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cefalotin']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacteremia']


abstract: @entity11099 (CQ) was associated with cases of @entity10931 and with the @entity179 @entity16 ( @entity16 ) in @entity1 . However, CQ forms lipophilic chelates with cations and has the potential as a scientific and clinical tool used for selective modulation of histochemically reactive @entity219 pools. The relationship among transient lack of synaptic @entity219 release, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and cognitive memory is poorly understood. To evaluate the role of synaptic @entity219 release, in the present study, hippocampal LTP induction and @entity73 were examined in young @entity35 after i.p. injection of CQ (30 mg/kg). Intracellular @entity219 detected by Timm's stain and extracellular (synaptic cleft) @entity219 detected by @entity21038 were significantly decreased in the hippocampus 6 h after CQ injection. The molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, in which perforant path-granule cell synapses exist, was most responsive to CQ injection. Dentate gyrus LTP was induced similarly to the control 2 h after CQ injection, while significantly attenuated 6-24 h after CQ injection. In the training trial of the object recognition memory 2 h after CQ injection, there was no significant difference in learning behavior between the control and CQ-treated @entity35 . In the test trial, CQ-treated @entity35 showed normal recognition memory 1 h after the training, whereas recognition memory deficit 24 h after the training unlike the control @entity35 . These results indicate that acute exposure to CQ impairs long-term (24 h) memory in the hippocampus of young @entity35 . The CQ-mediated attenuation of dentate gyrus LTP, which may be associated with the transient lack of @entity219 release from zincergic neurons, seems to be involved in the impairment of the long-term memory.

title: Impairment of recognition memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation after acute exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive behavior']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['SMON', 'subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10931 :: ('MESH:D020236', 'Disease') :: ['transient global amnesia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11099 :: ('MESH:D007464', 'Chemical') :: ['Clioquinol']

answer: @entity11099 :: (MESH:D007464,Chemical) :: ['clioquinol']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Success of trophically transmitted parasites depends to a great extent on their ability to manipulate their intermediate hosts in a way that makes them easier prey for target hosts. Parasite-induced behavioural changes are the most spectacular and diverse examples of manipulation. Most of the studies have been focused on individual behaviour of hosts including fish. We suggest that agonistic interactions and territoriality in fish hosts may affect their vulnerability to predators and thus the transmission efficiency of trophically transmitted parasites. The parasite Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda) and juvenile rainbow trout, O @entity5660 yk @entity5660 tudy whether infection can al @entity281 ssion rates @entity146 torial behaviour of intermediate fish hosts. RESULTS: The changes in behaviour of rainbow trout, O @entity5660 yk @entity5660 an eye fluke Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda), was monitored over the course of an experimental infection for 1. @entity281 At the beginning of their development, not yet infective D. spathaceum metacercariae decreased the aggressiveness o @entity146 t. B @entity5660 at metacercariae were fully infective to their definitive hosts, the aggressiveness i @entity146 xceeded that of control fish. Despite the increased aggressiveness, @entity146 ally infected fish lost contests for a territory (dark parts of the bottom) against the control fish. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate that the parasitized fish pay the cost of aggressiveness w @entity146 efit of acquiring a territory that would provide them with better protection against predators. This behaviour should increase transmission of the parasite as expected by the parasite manipulation hypothesis.

title: Parasite-induced XXXX and impaired contest ability in a fish host.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressiveness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggression']


abstract: Five @entity1 with severe, life-threatening tachydysrhythmias were treated successfully with surgery. Three had @entity8630 automatic @entity591 (AET), one had AV junctional (his bundle) automatic ectopic @entity591 (JET), and one had @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). The mechanism and site of the @entity591 were diagnosed preoperatively using intracardiac electrophysiologic studies (EPS). Medical management with all available drugs failed to control the @entity591 in each @entity1 . The two @entity1 with left atrial AET underwent cryoablation of the focus using cardiopulmonary bypass. The @entity1 with right atrial AET had removal of the anterior one third of the right atrial appendage and cryoablation of the edges. The @entity1 with AV JET first had incision and suture ligation of the bundle of His and implantation of a ventricular pacemaker, but the @entity591 recurred 2 weeks later. Cryoablation of the bundle of His prevented further recurrences. @entity591 stopped in the @entity1 with @entity1165 during incision of a @entity5 in the apex of the left ventricle. No @entity1 had @entity591 after surgery and none has required medical treatment.

title: Successful surgical treatment of atrial, junctional, and @entity1165 unassociated with accessory connections in @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8630 :: ('MESH:D013612', 'Disease') :: ['atrial ectopic']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular reentry tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'Tachycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Until recently kidney pericytes were little known. This review will update readers about key new findings concerning pericyte abundance, function in kidney vascular biology and major role in fibrogenesis. Moreover readers will become familiar with the central role of pericyte-endothelial interactions in peritubular capillary health or rarefaction and the pivotal role these may play in @entity8 . RECENT FINDINGS: Pericytes are stromal cells that partially cover capillary walls. Pericytes were recently identified as collagen-1a1 producing cells in healthy adult kidney. Kinetic mathematical modeling studies indicated they were the source of scar-forming myofibroblasts. Comprehensive fate mapping of kidney stroma confirmed that pericytes and perivascular fibroblasts, not epithelium, were the major source of myofibroblasts. Blockade of pericyte-endothelial cross-talk in response to @entity8 prevents both microvascular rarefaction and interstitial @entity82 . The detachment of pericytes from endothelium under pathological conditions and differentiation into myofibroblasts leads to pericyte deficiency at the microvascular interstitial interface, resulting in unstable microvasculature and thence vessel rarefaction, ultimately leading to @entity63 . To develop new therapeutic strategies, a better understanding of not only pericyte detachment and migration from capillaries, but also pericyte-endothelial crosstalk in health and injury is required. SUMMARY: This review summarizes the functional role of pericytes during @entity82 , focusing on myofibroblast origins and pericyte-endothelial cross-talk.

title: Mechanisms of XXXX : the role of the pericyte.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['nephron ischemia']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity1 with severe @entity8 showing @entity7622 is poor. However, the prognosis can be improved by combination therapy ( @entity617 + @entity500 or @entity20771 + @entity1229 + @entity4341 ) or @entity617 alone over a 2-year period, and disappearance of glomerular IgA deposits is often observed. Details of the incidence and clinicopathological significance of glomerular IgA disappearance remain unclear. METHODS: To investigate this phenomenon, we retrospectively screened and analysed 124 consecutive @entity1 (age  <= 18 years at first biopsy) with newly diagnosed severe @entity8 showing @entity7622 , who received combination therapy or @entity617 alone for 2 years and underwent repeat biopsies. RESULTS: Among these @entity1 , 90 received combination therapy, and 34 received @entity617 alone. After 2 years of treatment, 27 of the @entity1 (21.8%) showed disappearance of glomerular IgA. Logistic analysis showed that IgA disappearance was associated with less severe urinary protein excretion at the end of treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the long-term course revealed a significant difference in @entity644 -free survival after the 2-year treatment period between the @entity1 with IgA disappearance and those without (P = 0.008; log-rank test). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that disappearance of glomerular IgA after the treatment was a factor significantly associated with @entity644 -free survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that disappearance of IgA after 2 years of treatment indicates milder disease severity, even in @entity1 with @entity7622 , and is a prognostic factor related to @entity644 -free survival.

title: Disappearance of glomerular IgA deposits in childhood XXXX showing @entity7622 after 2 years of combination/ @entity617 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity20771 :: ('MESH:C010052', 'Chemical') :: ['mizoribine']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse mesangial proliferation']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3658 Background: @entity416 (C) and @entity2600 (I) have demonstrated to be effective against @entity14 . They have different antitumor mechanisms yet no cross-resistance. In this multicenter phase II study, we sought to assess the efficacy and safety of CI in @entity1 (pts) with metastatic @entity14 . METHODS: Between July 2001 and September 2002, 50 pts were registered; 1 was ineligible (prior I). A total of 49 pts received C 1000 mg/m(2) twice daily (2000 mg/m(2) daily dose) Days 1-14 and I 240 mg/m(2) on Day 1 of every 21-day cycle. At baseline, 88% were white and 57% were male; median age was 64.5 years (range, 25.8-84.5); ECOG performance status was 0-2. RESULTS: 7 pts were non-evaluable (1 early @entity204 , 1 other disease, 2 refused treatment, and 3 had no @entity5 assessment). Responses for 42 evaluable pts were 1 CR (2%), 18 PR (43%), 20 @entity168 (48%) and 2 @entity1726 (7%), for an overall response rate (CR+PR) of 45% with median duration of response of 5.7 months (range, 2.5-11.8). Median survival was 13.4 months (range, 1.15 -23.6) and median progression free survival was 6.7 months (range, 1.15 -17.5). At 1-year, the estimated survival was 52% and the PFS was 15%. @entity1 received a median of 6 cycles of treatment (range, 1-18). Causes of @entity204 ; 19 @entity1726 , @entity1167 , @entity64 , suicide, and treatment related @entity944 (1 each). Grade 1-2 hand-foot syndrome occurred in 8 pts (16%). NCI Grade >=  3 drug-related @entity137 : GI (31%), @entity1398 (12%), @entity2700 (10%), @entity417 , @entity1295 and @entity158 (6%, each), @entity1398 (4%), @entity1431 , myelosuppression, @entity882 and @entity353 (2%, each). CONCLUSIONS: @entity416 and @entity2600 given in this schedule is an active combination for the treatment of first line metastatic @entity14 . Although there was significant @entity137 with the regimen, @entity137 was manageable with dose reduction or dose delay. This combination should be further investigated in phase III trials. Supported by Roche Laboratories, Inc., NJ, USA [Table: see text].

title: A Phase II open-label study of XXXX in combination with @entity2600 as first-line treatment for metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the value of sonoelastography (SE) for @entity263 detection in comparison with systematic biopsy findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred and ninety two PSA screening volunteers (mean age: 61.9+/-8.6) with an total PSA >1.25 ng/mL and a free to total PSA ration of <18% underwent SE of the prostate before 10 core systematic prostate biopsy. Tissue elasticity of the peripheral zone was investigated only. Tissue elasticity was displayed from red (soft) to green (intermediate) and to blue (hard). Only hard lesions (blue) were considered to be suspicious for @entity263 . The peripheral zone of the prostate was divided in 3 regions on each side: base, mid-gland, apex. A different investigator performed systematic biopsy, and the biopsy findings were compared with the SE findings. RESULTS: In 125 of 492 @entity1 (25.4%) systematic biopsy demonstrated @entity263 . @entity5 was detected in 321 of 2952 (11%) outer gland areas (74 in the base, 106 in the mid-gland, 141 in the apex). The Gleason score ranged from 3 to 10 (mean: 6.5). In SE 533 of 2952 (18.1%) suspicious areas were detected and 258 of these areas (48.4%) showed @entity5 . Most of the false-positive findings (275/533 areas; 51.6%) were associated with chronic @entity32 and @entity194 especially at the basal prostate areas. The sensitivity by entire organ was calculated with 86% and the specificity 72%. The analysis by outer gland areas showed the highest sensitivity in the apex (79%). The specificity by outer gland areas ranged between 85% and 93%. The correlation between SE findings and biopsy results was high (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Sonoelastography findings showed a good correlation with the systematic biopsy results. The best sensitivity and specificity was found in the apex region. Sonoelastography seems to offer a new approach for differentiation of tissue stiffness of the prostate and may therefore improve @entity263 detection.

title: Sonoelastography of the prostate: comparison with systematic biopsy findings in 492 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The conserved frizzled (fz) pathway regulates planar cell polarity in both vertebrate and invertebrate animals. This pathway has been most intensively studied in the wing of @entity238 , where the proteins encoded by pathway genes all accumulate asymmetrically. Upstream members of the pathway accumulate on the proximal, distal, or both cell edges in the vicinity of the adherens junction. More downstream components including Inturned and Multiple Wing Hairs accumulate on the proximal side of wing cells prior to hair initiation. The @entity23556 protein differs from other members of the pathway in also accumulating in growing hairs. Here we show that the two @entity23556 accumulation patterns are under different genetic control with the early proximal accumulation being regulated by the fz pathway and the latter hair accumulation being largely independent of the pathway. We also establish recruitment by proximally localized Inturned to be a putative mechanism for the localization of @entity23556 to the proximal side of wing cells. Genetically inturned (in) acts upstream of @entity23556 ( @entity23556 ) and is required for the proximal localization of @entity23556 . We show that @entity23556 can bind to and co-immunoprecipitate with Inturned. We also show that these two proteins can function in close juxtaposition in vivo. An InMwh fusion protein provided complete rescue activity for both in and @entity23556 mutations. The fusion protein localized to the proximal side of wing cells prior to hair formation and in growing hairs as expected if protein localization is a key for the function of these proteins.

title: The XXXX planar polarity proteins inturned and multiple wing hairs interact physically and function together.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a debate regarding the management of @entity43 (ITs). In adult @entity1 , postoperative chemotherapy is standard except for stage I, grade 1 disease, whereas surgery alone is standard in pediatric @entity1 . To determine the role of chemotherapy, a pooled analysis of pediatric and adult clinical trials was conducted. METHODS: Data from 7 pediatric trials and 2 adult trials were merged in the Malignant Germ Cell International Collaborative data set. Four trials included @entity1 with newly diagnosed pure @entity43 and were selected (Pediatric Oncology Group/ @entity1 's @entity5 Group Intergroup Study (INT 0106), Second UKCCSG Germ Cell Tumor Study ( @entity7880 ), Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG 0078 and GOG 0090). Adult and pediatric trials were analyzed separately. The primary outcome measures were event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: One hundred seventy-nine @entity1 were included (98 pediatric @entity1 and 81 adult @entity1 ). Ninety pediatric @entity1 were treated with surgery alone, whereas all adult @entity1 received chemotherapy. The 5-year EFS and @entity1349 were 91% and 99%, respectively, for the pediatric cohort and 87% and 93%, respectively, for the adults. There were no relapses in grade 1 @entity1 , regardless of the stage or age. Only 1 adult @entity1 with a grade 2 IT relapsed. Among grade 3 @entity1 , the 5-year EFS was 0.92 (0.72-0.98) for stage I/II and 0.52 (0.22-0.75) for stage III in the pediatric cohort (P = .005) and 0.91 (0.69-0.98) for stage I/II and 0.65 (0.39-0.83) for stage III/IV in the adult cohort (P = .01). Postoperative chemotherapy did not decrease relapses in the pediatric cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The grade was the most important risk factor for relapse in @entity43 . Among grade 3 @entity1 , the stage was significantly associated with relapse. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not decrease relapses in the pediatric cohort; its role in adults remains unresolved. @entity5 2015.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Is adjuvant chemotherapy indicated in XXXX ? A combined data analysis from the Malignant Germ Cell Tumor International Collaborative.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian immature teratomas', 'ovarian ITs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian immature teratomas']


abstract: Early surgical intervention remains the most successful therapy for @entity320 . Despite better outcomes observed in soft tissue and lymph node @entity3 , the results of pharmacological therapies are still disappointing. Currently, there is no standard adjuvant therapy for @entity320 . Low concentrations of @entity7447 have been demonstrated in @entity320 cell lines and in sera of @entity320 @entity1 . These data and the results of clinical trials of @entity1 with other @entity5 prompted this study of the long-term administration of an optimized dose of recombinant @entity4020 and @entity7447 to @entity1 with stage I and II @entity320 . A 3-year trial envisaging uninterrupted treatment with low-dose recombinant @entity4020 (9 000 000 000 IU weekly) administered twice daily and @entity7447 (400 mg/day) was conducted in @entity1 with stage I and II @entity320 (American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria 2002) and surgically removed lesions. Treatment efficacy was evaluated as incidence of recurrences at 5 years. All @entity1 completed the treatment and the follow-up. Significantly different rates of disease progression were observed in the interferon+ @entity7447 and the interferon group for both stages. No @entity1 withdrew from the study owing to side effects. Long-term administration of an optimized dose of recombinant @entity4020 in combination with @entity7447 seemed to induce significantly decreased rates of recurrence and had negligible adverse effects. A survival study could not be undertaken owing to the small @entity1 sample and the short duration of follow-up.

title: Recombinant @entity4020 and @entity7447 as a postsurgical adjuvant therapy for XXXX : a 3-year trial with recombinant interferon-alpha and 5-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha-2b']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fibrillar collagen in the cervical extracellular matrix (ECM) is the predominant component providing mechanical support. Cellular integrins contribute to structural integrity by cross-linking ECM components. We investigated the expression of collagen-binding integrins in the normal @entity35 gestation and after treatment with @entity3927 to determine whether integrin modulation is involved in changes in tissue resistance. STUDY DESIGN: Cervical tissue was harvested from nonpregnant and timed pregnant @entity35 . Normal gestational expression was evaluated in nonpregnant and timed pregnant tissue on days 12, 16, 18, 20, 21 and 22. @entity1420 inhibition was induced with 3 mg @entity3927 administered on day 15. Primary @entity35 cervical stromal (RCS) cell cultures were generated from nonpregnant @entity35 using tissue explants. The effects of @entity1420 environment on RCS cells were evaluated in the presence and absence of various inhibitors. Protein expression and signaling pathways were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: @entity23094 ( @entity23094 ) expression increased over gestation, peaking at the end of gestation (analysis of variance [ANOVA] P < .01). @entity23095 ( @entity23095 ) expression increased through mid-gestation, peaking on day 18 and decreasing through day 22 (ANOVA P < .001). @entity1420 increased the expression of @entity23095 and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase ([pFAK] P < .002). @entity3927 blocked these effects in vitro. @entity3927 increased @entity23094 and phosphorylated @entity2508 (pERK1/2) in vivo and in vitro. @entity3927 -induced upregulation of @entity23094 was abrogated by inhibition of @entity2508 . CONCLUSION: @entity1420 / @entity1420 withdrawal is involved in regulating the expression of collagen-binding integrins. These changes differ among the collagen-binding integrins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is involved in regulating some of these integrins.

title: XXXX modulates @entity23094 ( @entity23094 ) and {alpha}11 ( @entity23095 ) in the pregnant cervix.

entities_list: @entity2508 :: ('50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2', 'ERK1/2']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone', 'mifepristone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['Progesterone']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the analgesic efficacy, opioid-sparing effect, and tolerability of @entity6058 administered as an intravenous (i.v.) bolus followed by a continuous infusion after total hip or knee arthroplasty. After general anesthesia, @entity1 received either placebo or @entity6058 30 mg i.v. as a bolus over 15-30 s followed by a continuous i.v. infusion of @entity6058 5 mg/h for 24 h. All @entity1 received @entity1 -controlled i.v. @entity1286 with no background infusion. @entity1 were assessed at 2, 4, 6, and 24 postoperatively with respect to @entity1337 , @entity1286 consumption, side effects, and @entity190 . @entity1 receiving @entity6058 reported were less sedated and required fewer antiemetics. There was no difference in @entity190 . @entity1 receiving @entity6058 reported better @entity1337 and used less @entity1286 (35% for hips and 44% for knees) than those receiving placebo.

title: Continuous intravenous administration of @entity6058 reduces pain and XXXX consumption after total hip or knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity570 ( @entity571 ) have @entity425 , @entity73 , and limp. @entity121 and their recovery courses are largely unknown, however. We hypothesized that there is persisting @entity425 in lower limb muscles and an @entity73 and gait 2 years after THA. @entity1 AND METHODS: 20 elderly @entity1 with unilateral @entity571 were assessed before, and 6 and 24 months after surgery for maximal voluntary isometric strength of hip and knee muscles and by gait analysis, postural stability, and clinical scores (HHS, SF-36, EuroQoL). RESULTS: Hip muscles showed a remaining 6% @entity425 compared to the contralateral healthy limb 2 years after @entity2445 . Preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively, that deficit was 18% and 12%, respectively. Knee extensors fully recovered a preoperative 27% deficit after 2 years. Gait analysis demonstrated a shorter single stance phase for the @entity571 limb compared to healthy limb preoperatively, that had already recovered at the 6-month follow-up. Balance of two-foot standing showed improvement in both sagittal and lateral sway after operation. All clinical scores improved. INTERPRETATION: Muscle strength data demonstrated a slow but full recovery of muscles acting about the knee, but there was still a deficit in hip muscle strength 2 years after THA. Gait and balance recovered after the operation. To accelerate improvement in muscular strength after THA, postoperative training should probably be more intense and target hip abductors.

title: Muscle strength, gait, and balance in 20 XXXX with @entity570 followed for 2 years after THA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired balance']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Deficits in the different limb muscles']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: While @entity663 has been intensely investigated in caregivers of @entity1 with serious somatic disorders, studies in caregivers of @entity1 with @entity1032 are lacking. Additionally, most studies are cross-sectional not allowing conclusions about long-term effects of personality factors. The present study examines the impact of personality factors on the course of subjective burden and psychological well-being by a mediational model in a sample of caregivers of first hospitalized @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity308 within a 2-year follow-up period. At baseline, 83 caregivers could be enrolled in the study, the drop-out rate was about 23% at 2-year follow-up. Personality factors were assessed by the German version of the NEO-FFI (Borstenau and Costa 1993) only at baseline. At each follow-up, subjective burden was assessed by the FBQ (M  ller-Leimk  hler acc. to Pai and Kapur (Brit J Psychiat 138:332-335, 1981)), and psychological well-being by the SCL-90 R (Derogatis in SCL-90-R, administration, scoring and procedures. Manual for the r(evised) version. John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 1977). Among the personality factors, @entity663 turned out to be the most relevant predictor of subjective burden and self-rated symptoms, showing direct as well as indirect effects. The direct effects on caregivers' mental health were mediated to a considerable amount by subjective burden. The mediational model was stable across time and even revealed increasing indirect effects of @entity663 . Caregivers' @entity663 as a dispositional trait plays a crucial role in the course of the stress process. As @entity663 is associated with perceptual distortion, the latter should be targeted by long-term family interventions in order to reduce subjective burden and enhance mental health of the caregivers.

title: Personality factors and mental health outcome in caregivers of first hospitalized XXXX and @entity308 @entity1 : 2-year follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: A retrospective study of 312 consecutive cases of @entity356 treated from 1974 to 1984 is presented. Eighteen @entity1 (6%) had @entity344 of the @entity1819 . Among the remaining 294 cases with @entity356 , 46 (16%) had @entity189 of the @entity356 after previous resection for peptic ulcer. Fifty-seven percent (167/294) had no distant metastases (MO). Early @entity356 ( @entity2558 ) occurred in 16 @entity1 (5.8%), among whom four had distant metastases (pT1M1) and another two @entity1 had regional lymph node metastases (pT1N1). Thirty-three percent of the @entity1 had either no surgical treatment or an explorative laparotomy only, and 9% had a palliative bypass operation performed. A curative (48%) or palliative (10%) resection of the @entity1819 was possible in 171/294 @entity1 . Thus, the resectability rate was 58%. Total gastrectomy was performed in 108 cases with either curative (100) or palliative (eight) intention. The 30-day mortality was two and one @entity1 , respectively (2.8%). Crude survival in the whole series was 16% and 11% at 5 and 10 years. After non-randomized curative total gastrectomy (100 cases) or gastric resection (40 cases) crude survival was 40% and 22% at 5 years, and 24% and 16% at 10 years, respectively (P greater than 0.05, n.s.). We found that total gastrectomy with extensive dissection and end-to-end esophago-jejunostomy by the EEA stapler can be performed with a low mortality rate (2% after curative operation) even in the upper age groups.

title: The surgical treatment of XXXX : a retrospective study with special reference to total gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stump', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric malignancy']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare body @entity68 stores in late preterm and term small for gestational age (SGA) @entity1 with gestation matched appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) @entity1 at birth and at 2 mo of age. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, live births of 34-42 wk gestation and SGA (<10th centile for GA) were enrolled along with gestation matched AGA (10th-90th centile for GA) @entity1 . @entity1 ' blood samples were taken within 2  h of delivery, and repeated at 60      7 d of life. Primary outcome was serum ferritin at birth and 60 d of age. Secondary outcomes were hematocrit at birth and 60 d and need for transfusion until 60 d of life. RESULTS: A total of 37 SGA (gestation 37.2      1.9 wk, birth weight 1861      401  g) and 30 AGA @entity1 (gestation 37.3      1.9 wk, birth weight 2607      405  g) were enrolled in the study. There was no difference in the serum ferritin between AGA and SGA @entity1 at birth {median [IQR]: 254.0 [214.3-293.8] vs. 259.7 [217.8-301.5]  g/L; p  =  0.85} or 60  d of life {147.2 [101.4-193.0] vs. 155.0 [106.6-203.6]  g/L; p  =  0.81}. Mean hematocrit was 55.5      9.6 vs. 52.4      5.0 at birth (p  =  0.10) and 32.1      4.9 vs. 31.6      3.8 at 60 d (p  =  0.77) in SGA and AGA @entity1 respectively. No @entity1 required blood transfusion during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity68 stores of late preterm and term SGA @entity1 are comparable to term AGA @entity1 at birth and 2 mo of age. Recommendations on @entity68 supplementation to these @entity1 need to be formulated through appropriately designed randomized trials.

title: XXXX Stores in Term and Late Preterm Small for Gestational Age and Appropriate for Gestational Age Neonates at Birth and in Early Infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['Iron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the physiologic effect of selective @entity3897 administration for @entity1168 with routine prophylactic administration, before balloon inflation, during @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ). We also compared the incidence of procedural @entity1168 and @entity551 for @entity3538 in @entity1 with primary @entity850 vs those with prior ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS: A total of 86 @entity1 were treated with @entity3538 at 3 institutions. Complete periprocedural information was available for 75 of these @entity1 . The median degree of @entity850 was 90% (range, 60%-99%). Indications for @entity3538 were severe comorbidities (n = 49), prior CEA (n = 21), and prior neck radiation (n = 5). Twenty @entity1 with primary lesions were treated selectively with @entity3897 only if symptomatic @entity1168 occurred (nonprophylactic group). Thirty-four @entity1 with primary lesions received routine prophylactic @entity3897 administration before balloon inflation or stent deployment (prophylactic group). The 21 @entity1 with prior CEA received selective @entity3897 treatment only if symptomatic @entity1168 occurred (prior CEA group) and were analyzed separately. Mean age and cardiac comorbidities did not vary significantly either between the prophylactic and nonprophylactic @entity3897 groups or between the primary and prior CEA @entity1 groups. Outcome measures included @entity1168 (decrease in heart rate >50% or absolute heart rate <40 bpm), @entity551 (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg or mean blood pressure <50 mm Hg), requirement for vasopressors, and cardiac morbidity ( @entity583 or @entity712 ). RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity551 and @entity1168 in @entity1 treated with @entity3538 was 25 (33%) of 75. A decreased incidence of intraoperative @entity1168 (9% vs 50%; P < .001) and perioperative cardiac morbidity (0% vs 15%; P < .05) was observed in @entity1 with primary @entity850 who received prophylactic @entity3897 as compared with @entity1 who did not receive prophylactic @entity3897 . @entity3538 after prior CEA was associated with a significantly lower incidence of perioperative @entity1168 (10% vs 33%; P < .05), @entity551 (5% vs 32%; P < .05), and vasopressor requirement (5% vs 30%; P < .05), with a trend toward a lower incidence of cardiac morbidity (0% vs 6%; not significant) as compared with @entity1 treated with @entity3538 for primary @entity66 . There were no significant predictive demographic factors for @entity1168 and @entity551 after @entity3538 . CONCLUSIONS: The administration of prophylactic @entity3897 before balloon inflation during @entity3538 decreases the incidence of intraoperative @entity1168 and cardiac morbidity in primary @entity3538 @entity1 . Periprocedural @entity1168 , @entity551 , and the need for vasopressors occur more frequently with primary @entity3538 than with redo @entity3538 procedures. On the basis of our data, we recommend that prophylactic @entity3897 administration be considered in @entity1 with primary @entity66 undergoing @entity3538 .

title: Carotid angioplasty and stent-induced XXXX and @entity551 : Impact of prophylactic @entity3897 administration and prior carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid lesions']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['carotid angioplasty and stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['bradycardia']


abstract: Previous studies have emphasized injury mechanism, wound site, and presenting vital signs as critical determinants for survival following penetrating @entity299 . Our experience suggests pericardial tamponade is another crucial factor and is the basis for this study. Prognostic features were reviewed in 100 consecutive, unselected @entity1 with acute @entity299 . Mechanism was stab wound in 57, and @entity130 in 43. Location included right ventricle in 55, left ventricle in 49, right atrium in 16, and left atrium in seven. Overall salvage was 31%,; 27 (47%) of 57 stab wounds, four (9%) of 43 gunshot wounds, 22 (49%) of 45 right, and nine (23%) of 39 left heart wounds. The presence or absence of pericardial tamponade was documented in 77 @entity1 . @entity1 with tamponade had a survival of 73% (24/33) compared to 11% (5/44) in those without its protective effect. The presence of tamponade improved survival (p less than 0.05) following stab injuries (77% vs. 29%), gunshot wounds (57% vs. none), right heart wounds (79% vs. 28%), left @entity3697 (71% vs. 12%), and overall in @entity1 arriving with vital signs (96% vs. 50%). Multivariant discriminant analysis by logistic regression demonstrated @entity2293 was a critical independent factor in @entity1 survival, and suggested that it may be more influential than presenting vital signs in determining outcome.

title: Pericardial tamponade: a critical determinant for survival following penetrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury', 'cardiac injuries']

entities_list: @entity3697 :: ('MESH:D006335', 'Disease') :: ['heart injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['gunshot injury']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac wounds']


abstract: Malignant cells frequently acquire a certain independency of exogenous growth factors via the coexpression of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related molecules. In the present study we investigate a possible involvement of EGF-related molecules in the growth of @entity1 @entity358 . Four well-characterised cell lines are analysed for their responsiveness to exogenous EGF and @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) as well as for coexpression of @entity470 and EGF/ @entity7790 . Both growth factors are able to stimulate DNA synthesis in three cell lines, although the degree of responsiveness is very variable, but neither EGF nor @entity7790 has an effect on the cell line ZL34. In contrast, no heterogeneity is observed in the expression of @entity470 , which is similarly high in all cell lines. Analysis of cell supernatants reveals that, whereas no EGF is detected, @entity7790 is released by two cell lines. Furthermore, these two cell lines, @entity24548 and ZL34, are shown to express the membrane anchored precursor pro- @entity7790 . Thus, coexpression of @entity470 and @entity7790 is observed on two mesothelioma cell lines. The potential autocrine mitogenic role of @entity7790 in these two cell lines was tested using neutralising antibodies against @entity7790 and @entity470 . In @entity24548 cells DNA synthesis was not affected by the presence of neutralising antibodies, indicating that an external autocrine mitogenic pathway is not active in these cells. In ZL34 cells, however, the potential autocrine loop could be disrupted, as DNA synthesis was significantly reduced in the presence of neutralising antibodies. This result gives strong evidence for an autocrine role of @entity7790 in the growth of the mesothelioma cell line ZL34.

title: Autocrine stimulation of a @entity1 XXXX cell line is mediated through the @entity310 / @entity470 mitogenic pathway.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung mesothelioma']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung mesothelioma']


abstract: To study the prevalence of @entity28 -secondary @entity6126 (MOSH) in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity28 , we performed a prospective prevalence study including 100 male @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity28 at a university tertiary hospital. Total @entity251 (TT) and @entity443 ( @entity443 ) concentrations among others were assayed in all patients. Serum-free @entity251 (FT) concentration was calculated from TT and @entity443 levels. Semen analysis was conducted in 31 @entity1 . We found a prevalence of 45% (95% CI: 35-55%) when considering decreased TT and/or FT concentrations. Serum concentrations of TT were correlated negatively with @entity413 (r  =  -0.328, p  <  0.001) and @entity2690 resistance (r  =  -0.261, p  =  0.011). The same occurred with FT and @entity413 (r  =  -0.340, p  <  0.001) and @entity2690 resistance (r  =  -0.246, p  =  0.016). Sixty-two percent (95% CI: 39-85%) of the @entity1 with seminogram also presented abnormal results in semen analysis. The frequencies of low TT or low FT values were similar in @entity1 with abnormal or normal semen analysis (p  =  0.646 and p  =  0.346, respectively). Ejaculate volume inversely correlated with BMI (    =  -0.400, p  =  0.029) and with excess body weight (    =  -0.464, p  =  0.010). Our data show the prevalence of MOSH in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity28 is high. Low circulating @entity251 is associated with @entity2690 resistance and low ejaculate volume with higher BMI and excess body weight. Semen analysis must be performed in these @entity1 when considering fertility whether or not presenting low circulating @entity251 .

title: Prevalence of male secondary @entity6126 in moderate to severe @entity28 and its relationship with XXXX resistance and excess body weight.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'male obesity']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuation of @entity910 ( @entity910 ) after remission is widely used to prevent @entity308 relapse/recurrence. Little is known about predictors of @entity910 use in terms of adherence, dosage, and successful tapering. The current study aimed to explore beliefs about the causes of @entity308 and recovery (i.e., causal beliefs) and to examine whether they predict @entity910 use. METHODS: The data were drawn from a controlled trial and an extension of this trial with additional experience sampling. In total, 289 remitted @entity1 with recurrent @entity308 ( @entity910 >=  6 months) were randomly assigned to Preventive Cognitive Therapy (PCT) with @entity910 tapering, PCT with maintenance @entity910 , or maintenance @entity910 alone. Adherence, @entity910 dosage, and causal beliefs regarding the first and last @entity308 episodes were explored via questionnaires. RESULTS: Most @entity1 mentioned stressful life events as cause of @entity308 , although more @entity1 tended to endorse external causes for the first episode and internal causes for the last episode. @entity910 was most often mentioned as helpful during recovery from both episodes. Over half of all @entity1 were adherent and under half of the @entity1 in the tapering condition were able to complete the taper. Causal beliefs did not predict @entity910 use. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that causal beliefs play little role in the use of maintenance @entity910 . More information is needed on factors contributing to successful tapering. The results must be interpreted with caution as this is not a naturalistic study and the results might be biased toward a more favorable view regarding @entity910 .

title: Beliefs about the causes of XXXX and recovery and their impact on adherence, dosage, and successful tapering of antidepressants.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['ADM', 'antidepressant medication']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: A Caucasian @entity1 in her late 20s was referred to the @entity566 /chest clinic by her general practitioner with an 8-month history of recurrent @entity4 . She had no history of @entity110 or airways symptoms and denied any similar problems previously. She had no family history of similar illness and was not on any regular medications. There was no history of atopy. Initially, a clinical diagnosis of @entity4 was made. Despite being treated with several antihistamines with doses equivalent to 40   mg of @entity14746 /day, her problem had failed to respond satisfactorily. Later on, she also revealed history of intermittent gastrointestinal symptoms such as @entity490 and @entity294 . Routine investigations were unremarkable. The @entity1 was referred to a dermatology clinic and a diagnosis of @entity14747 was suggested: a rare @entity738 presenting with @entity7881 , which may or may not be associated with @entity30 . A biopsy of the oral mucosa was consistent with this diagnosis.

title: Recurrent XXXX : a diagnostic challenge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic angio-oedema', 'facial angio-oedema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity14746 :: ('MESH:D017332', 'Chemical') :: ['cetirizine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity7881 :: ('MESH:C563621', 'Disease') :: ['lip enlargement']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity14747 :: ('MESH:D051261', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial granulomatosis']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['lip swelling']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: In recent years, capture-recapture methods have become increasingly popular in estimating @entity66 registries. This study aimed to assess the performance of the two source capture-recapture method in estimating the @entity5 registration. DESIGN: The study was conducted in the population based @entity5 registry of Saarland, Germany, for which there are three main sources of notifications: reports by clinicians and pathologists, and death certificates. For groups of cases notified by one of the three sources, known completeness of registration by the other two sources was compared with the corresponding two source capture-recapture estimates. @entity1 : A total of 16,020 @entity1 notified to the @entity5 registry in 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1985 were included in the analysis. MAIN RESULTS: There was a tendency towards underestimation of completeness of notifications from pathologists and death certificates for @entity1 notified by clinicians which was essentially confined to the older age groups. In contrast, capture-recapture methods tended to overestimate completeness of notifications from clinicians and death certificates for @entity1 notified by pathologists. This overestimation was observed consistently in all age groups and for all of the most common @entity5 sites. Nevertheless, deviations of estimated completeness from known completeness were generally small or moderate. Agreement between estimated and known completeness was closest for @entity1 notified by death certificates, although completeness was somewhat underestimated in @entity1 above age 75. The observed patterns are in agreement with knowledge on clinical aspects and clinical management of @entity5 @entity1 and with the circumstances of @entity5 registration in Saarland. CONCLUSIONS: Careful application of capture-recapture methods may provide an alternative to traditional approaches for estimating @entity5 registration.

title: Estimating XXXX registration: an empirical evaluation of the two source capture-recapture approach in Germany.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'completeness of cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['completeness of disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['completeness of cancer']


abstract: Visceral @entity438 are relatively rare clinical entities, although their detection is rising due to an increased use of cross-sectional imaging. Rupture is the most devastating complication, and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. For this reason, elective repair is preferable in the appropriately chosen @entity1 . In general, splenic @entity438 measuring 2 cm or larger and those found in @entity1 of childbearing age and in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation should be treated. Hepatic @entity438 cm or larger and those that are multiple or nonatherosclerotic in nature should be repaired in the appropriate @entity1 due to a higher risk of @entity397 . Endovascular coil embolization has excellent success rates and is the first-line treatment for anatomically suitable @entity438 . However, reperfusion is an important complication of endovascular management. @entity439 involving the celiac, superior mesenteric, pancreaticoduodenal, gastroduodenal, and inferior mesenteric arteries, as well as visceral @entity2849 , are unpredictable and should be repaired in the appropriate medical @entity1 . These @entity439 are often amenable to ligation due to the presence of collateral circulation. Endovascular management is particularly useful in the treatment of @entity2849 where comorbidities and previous surgery make open surgical repair less desirable. Mt Sinai J Med 77:296-303, 2010. (c) 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine.

title: Visceral XXXX : review of current management options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['artery pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery aneurysms and intrahepatic hepatic artery aneurysms', 'artery aneurysms', 'artery aneurysms 2']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: @entity43 (BOT) with noninvasive implants traditionally is considered to be non-aggressive. Recurrences are delayed and transformations to high-grade @entity189 are rarely documented. We report on a @entity1 with BOT with early recurrence and high-grade @entity189 transformation in a short interval after complete laparoscopic staging. A 27-year-old unmarried @entity1 presented with a 26 cm in size @entity43 . Laparoscopic left salpingo-oophorectomy with right ovarian biopsies, multiple peritoneal biopsies, omental biopsy and washing cytology were performed. FIGO @entity43 with microinvasion was confirmed. About ten months later, a 15 cm in size left BOT recurred and was resected by laparoscopic cystectomy including staging surgery. Seven months after the second surgery, we found a pelvic mass by sonogram and elevated CA125. A third diagnostic laparoscopy revealed invasive @entity189 with multiple peritoneal implants. In spite of radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, the @entity1 died of a progressive metastatic @entity96 . A case of early recurrence with @entity5 is presented together with a brief review.

title: "Can laparoscopy really complete full surgical staging?" A case of early recurrence and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Stage I ovarian serous borderline tumor', 'Ovarian borderline tumor', 'ruptured left ovarian mass']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of BOT']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['malignant transformation of borderline ovarian tumor']


abstract: The authors review 15 @entity1 with @entity1188 accompanied by obstructive @entity1276 . These @entity1 were among 1700 consecutive @entity1 with @entity697 who were examined by angiography and also, except for the initial 320 cases. by computerized tomography (CT) scan. The CT scans were helpful in diagnosis and management of the @entity1 . It demonstrated cerebellar mass lesions as being low density, isodense, or high density, according to the amount of @entity548 into the infarcted area. Such cerebellar mass lesions caused acute compression of the posterior fossa. The clinical picture was determined mainly by the extent of the initially infarcted area in the vertebrobasilar territory and the speed of enlargement of the subsequently developing @entity76 . Suboccipital decompressive surgery was performed in 10 @entity1 and was generally beneficial. The postoperative prognosis depended mainly on the presence or absence of coexisting brain-stem @entity1188 . Five @entity1 who were managed conservatively died during the acute stage. Prompt and correct diagnosis of this illness is required to ensure adequate therapy.

title: XXXX with obstructive @entity1276 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebellar infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar mass lesion']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Cerebellar infarction']


abstract: @entity14534 is an oral, reversible direct @entity556 inhibitor that is approved in the EU and several other countries for the prevention of @entity1211 after elective hip and knee replacement, and is in advanced clinical development for other @entity1031 . @entity3926 has a predictable pharmacokinetic profile, allowing for a fixed-dose regimen without the need for routine coagulation monitoring. In certain clinical situations such as serious @entity548 into critical organs (e.g. @entity1779 ), potential @entity1445 and emergency surgery, clinicians will need to make an assessment of the anticoagulant status of a @entity1 receiving @entity3926 before deciding on future management strategies. If available, @entity556 clotting time (TT), ecarin clotting time (ECT) and TT determined by Hemoclot @entity556 inhibitor assay are sensitive tests to evaluate the anticoagulant effects of @entity3926 . Prothrombin time (INR) is less sensitive than other assays and cannot be recommended. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) can provide a useful qualitative assessment of anticoagulant activity but is less sensitive at supratherapeutic @entity3926 levels. There are limited data for activated clotting time (ACT). Overall, the aPTT and TT are the most accessible qualitative methods for determining the presence or absence of anticoagulant effect. Although there is no specific antidote to antagonise the anticoagulant effect of @entity3926 , due to its short duration of effect drug discontinuation is usually sufficient to reverse any excessive anticoagulant activity. In case of potential @entity1445 , the feasibility of early administration of activated charcoal and subsequent charcoal filtration are undergoing preclinical evaluation. @entity3926 can also be dialysed in @entity1 with @entity8 . In instances of life-threatening @entity548 , where conventional measures have failed or are unavailable, other non-specific prohaemostatic agents such as recombinant activated factor VII and prothrombin complex concentrates can be considered.

title: XXXX --a novel, reversible, oral direct @entity556 inhibitor: interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran', 'dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran etexilate']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral bleeding']

answer: @entity14534 :: (MESH:C453962,Chemical) :: ['Dabigatran etexilate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity571 pathogenesis includes both mechanical and inflammatory features. Studies have implicated synovial fluid urate (UA) as a potential @entity571 biomarker, possibly reflecting chondrocyte damage. Whether serum urate (sUA) levels reflect/contribute to @entity571 is unknown. We investigated whether sUA predicts @entity571 progression in a non- @entity210 knee @entity571 population. METHODS: Eighty-eight subjects with medial knee @entity571 (BMI <33) but without @entity210 were included. Baseline sUA was measured in previously banked serum. At 0 and 24 months, subjects underwent standardized weight-bearing fixed-flexion posteroanterior knee radiographs to determine joint space width (JSW) and Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades. @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ) was determined as JSW change from 0 to 24 months. Twenty-seven subjects underwent baseline contrast-enhanced 3T knee MRI for synovial volume (SV) assessment. RESULTS: sUA correlated with @entity2720 in both univariate (r=0.40, p<= 0.01) and multivariate analyses (r=0.28, p=0.01). There was a significant difference in mean @entity2720 after dichotomizing at sUA of 6.8 mg/dL, the solubility point for serum urate, even after adjustment ( @entity2720 of 0.90 mm for sUA>= 6.8; @entity2720 of 0.31 mm for sUA<6.8, p<0.01). Baseline sUA distinguished progressors ( @entity2720 >0.2mm) and fast progressors ( @entity2720 >0.5mm) from nonprogressors ( @entity2720 <= 0.0mm) in multivariate analyses (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.63, p=0.03; AUC 0.62, p=0.05, respectively). sUA correlated with SV (r=0.44, p<0.01), a possible marker of @entity2720 , though this correlation did not persist after controlling for age, gender and BMI (r=0.13, p=0.56). CONCLUSIONS: In non- @entity210 @entity1 with knee @entity571 , sUA predicted future @entity2720 and may serve as a biomarker for @entity571 progression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Serum Urate Levels Predict Joint Space Narrowing in Non- @entity210 XXXX with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis.

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Joint space narrowing', 'JSN']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity796 has long been known to produce phenotypic variants during chronic mucosal surface infections. These variants are thought to be generated to ensure bacterial survival against the diverse challenges in the mucosal environment. Studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms by which these variants emerge in vitro; however, too little information exists on phenotypic variation in vivo to draw any links between variants generated in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, in this study, the @entity796 gacS gene, which has previously been linked to the generation of small colony variants (SCVs) in vitro, was studied in an in vivo mucosal surface @entity281 model. More specifically, the @entity35 prostate served as a model mucosal surface to test for the appearance of SCVs in vivo following infections with @entity796 gacS(-) strains. As in in vitro studies, deletion of the gacS gene led to @entity6723 production in vivo. The appearance of these in vivo SCVs was important for the sustainability of a @entity281 . In the subset of @entity35 in which @entity796 gacS(-) did not convert to SCVs, clearance of the bacteria took place and healing of the tissue ensued. When comparing the SCVs that arose at the mucosal surface (MS-SCVs) with in vitro SCVs (IV-SCVs) from the same gacS(-) parent, some differences between the phenotypic variants were observed. Whereas both MS-SCVs and IV-SCVs formed dense biofilms, MS-SCVs exhibited a less diverse resistance profile to antimicrobial agents than IV-SCVs. Additionally, MS-SCVs were better suited to initiate an @entity281 in the @entity35 model than IV-SCVs. Together, these observations suggest that phenotypic variation in vivo can be important for maintenance of @entity281 , and that in vivo variants may differ from in vitro variants generated from the same genetic parent.

title: Phenotypic diversification in vivo: XXXX gacS- strains generate small colony variants in vivo that are distinct from in vitro variants.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: The S/G2-specific transcription of the @entity1 @entity10609 gene is due to the periodic occupation of a repressor element ('cell cycle-dependent element'; CDE) located in the region of the basal promoter. Protein binding to the major groove of the CDE in G0 and G1 results in a phase-specific repression of activated transcription. We now show that CDE-mediated repression is also the major principle underlying the periodic transcription of the @entity1 @entity7596 and @entity10610 genes. A single point mutation within the CDE results in a 10- to 20-fold deregulation in G0 and an almost complete loss of cell cycle regulation of all three genes. In addition, the @entity10609 , @entity7596 and @entity10610 genes share an identical 5 bp region ('cell cycle genes homology region'; @entity10579 ) starting at an identical position, six @entity2036 3' to the CDE. Strikingly, mutation of the @entity10579 region in each of the three promoters produces the same phenotype as the mutation of the CDE, i.e. a dramatic deregulation in G0. In agreement with these results, in vivo DMS footprinting showed the periodic occupation of the @entity7596 CDE in the major groove, and of the @entity10579 in the minor groove. Finally, all three genes bear conspicuous similarities in their upstream activating sequences (UAS). This applies in particular to the presence of NF-Y and Sp1 binding sites which, in the @entity10609 gene, have been shown to be the targets of repression through the CDE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cell cycle regulation of the @entity7596 , XXXX and @entity10610 genes is based on a common mechanism of transcriptional repression.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity10609 :: (995,Gene) :: ['cdc25C']


abstract: The short chain @entity1718 @entity598 , @entity4919 and @entity4876 are produced when dietary fibre is fermented by the colonic bacteria. We have previously shown that @entity11413 induces apoptosis in 3 @entity14 cell lines. We have extended our study to 3 @entity652 and 4 @entity189 cell lines and investigated whether @entity4919 and @entity598 also induce apoptosis. All 3 short chain @entity1718 induced apoptosis at physiological concentrations, but of the 3, @entity4876 was the most effective. Since these @entity1718 are produced as a result of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre, this may in part explain the correlation between a high-fibre diet and low @entity14 incidence. @entity11413 induced apoptosis in all 7 of the cell lines studied; however, 2 of the 4 @entity189 cell lines (PC/JW/FI and S/KS/FI) were more resistant to @entity4876 -induced apoptosis than the 3 @entity652 cell lines, suggesting that at least some @entity189 may evolve mechanisms to protect the cells from the induction of apoptosis. The @entity6741 @entity6743 has previously been reported as a possible @entity5 promoter in the large intestine and its levels are reduced by dietary fibre. Concentrations of between 10 nM and 0.1 mM had no effect on either the proliferation or apoptosis of @entity5 cells in vitro. However, a significant induction of apoptosis was obtained at a concentration of 0.5 mM. These results may have significance for the aetiology of @entity14 .

title: Apoptosis in @entity14 cells: induction by the short chain @entity1718 @entity4876 , @entity4919 and @entity598 and by the bile salt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['colonic tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity11413 :: ('CHEBI:64103', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium butyrate', 'Sodium butyrate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumour']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity6743 :: (MESH:D003840,Chemical) :: ['deoxycholate']


abstract: @entity2 is the leading @entity5 that causes @entity204 in Canadian @entity1 , and it is the second leading @entity5 that causes @entity204 in Canadian @entity1 . To assess the long-term mortality of this disease, we collected and analyzed data from 1931 to 1982. A 3-year base period was used to obtain @entity1 -years exposure using the Newton-Cotes method. All rates were standardized to the 1956 Canadian population for age and sex using the direct method. Standard errors of age-standardized @entity204 rates (ASDR) were computed using Chiang's method. The ASDRs have increased both for @entity1 and @entity1 . The increases in older age groups are due to a large, absolute increase in @entity2 -caused mortality in both sexes. Although the absolute increase in @entity2 is greater in @entity1 , the percentage of increase is greater in @entity1 , especially in the younger age groups. The mortality trends for @entity2 in both @entity1 and @entity1 appear to be consistent with the @entity286 consumption in the population. Given the relatively low survival rates for @entity2 , preventive strategies are urgently required.

title: XXXX mortality trends in Canada from 1931 to 1982.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death', 'death']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: During 2007, 11.7 million US @entity1 and @entity1 of all ages suffered from some form of @entity3 . During their illness, at least 70% (8.2 million) will experience @entity158 sufficiently severe to require chronic opioid treatment. @entity5 -induced @entity158 is usually described under 3 headings: acute @entity158 , @entity1118 , and @entity158 . Among @entity1 with chronic, persistent @entity5 controlled by around-the-clock analgesics, there is a high prevalence of @entity158 -often precipitated by some form of physical activity. @entity158 seems best treated by a powerful, fast-acting opioid such as intravenous @entity1286 or transmucosal @entity3575 . At present, opioids are virtually the only analgesics capable of controlling moderate and severe @entity5 . In recent years, a veritable arsenal of opioids with a wide range of pharmacologic properties has become available for use in different @entity158 situations. The World Health Organization has developed a 3-step "analgesic ladder" to guide management of @entity5 , based on the @entity158 's severity, estimated by means of a 1 to 10 numeric rating scale. As the severity of the @entity158 escalates, more potent (World Health Organization Step III) opioids are used. When faced with a difficult case of @entity5 , the physician must choose-from an array of options-the safest and most effective opioid analgesic and the most appropriate delivery system. Such decisions require an adequate understanding of the available opioids and experience with their use. The pharmacodynamic response to a given opioid depends on the nature of the receptor to which the opioid binds and its affinity for the receptor. @entity1286 activates the  -opioid receptors, resulting in not only analgesia and sedation, but also euphoria, @entity1576 , @entity1142 , and @entity111 . The existence of a number of opioid receptor subtypes, each with its own repertoire of responses, has given rise to the hope (as yet unrealized) that an opioid can be found (or engineered) that will selectively produce adequate analgesia and sedation without, at the same time, causing unwanted adverse effects. Furthermore, suitable neurostimulatory or neuroinhibitive methods involving the central nervous system are being sought that can amplify the analgesic action of opioids. In the search for antinociceptive agents as efficacious as currently available opioids, but without their troublesome adverse effects, the endogenous opioids, such as the endomorphins, are being examined as offering possible solutions to the adverse effect problem.

title: Opioids for XXXX : the challenge of optimizing treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'Breakthrough pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']