abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A population-based study of suicides and linkage with national hospital discharge registers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity85 , @entity615 ( @entity615 ), among suicide victims to compare suicide characteristics between victims with and without @entity85 , to analyze comorbidity between @entity85 and @entity146 , and to evaluate whether specific drugs have a role in suicides by poisoning. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity308 , other @entity146 , and suicidal behavior are common comorbid conditions in @entity1 with @entity85 . METHODS: The data consisted of 2310 suicides (1885 @entity1 and 425 @entity1 ) committed in the province of Oulu in Northern Finland during 1988 to 2007. The information on @entity85 ( @entity85 ) was extracted from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Registers. The suicide victims with a diagnosis of @entity615 , including sciatica ( @entity615 , n = 133), and victims with @entity85 other than @entity615 / @entity85 , n = 357) were compared with those of having no history of @entity85 (reference group, n = 1820). The data on suicides were based on death certificates that were taken from official medicolegal investigations. RESULTS: A total of 490 (21.3%) of suicide victims had a history of hospital-treated @entity85 . The age of death of the victims with @entity615 was about 11 years higher compared with the reference group. After adjusting for age, nonviolent suicide methods and use of analgesics in poisoning suicides in both genders and hospital-treated @entity308 / @entity734 in @entity1 were also more common in the @entity615 and @entity85 groups. @entity1 with @entity615 had been more often under the influence of @entity167 when committing suicide compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION: Victims with a history of hospital-treated @entity85 committed suicide at older age. However, the older the @entity1 is, the more is the chance that he or she needs to have a treatment for some @entity85 at some point of life. Use of analgesics as a potential suicide method should be kept in mind when treating @entity1 with musculoskeletal system diseases.

title: Suicide among @entity1 with XXXX : a population-based study of 2310 suicide victims in Northern Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['BP', 'particularly back pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal diseases', 'MSD', 'hospital-treated musculoskeletal diseases', 'diseases of the musculoskeletal system']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance-related disorders']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common melanocytic naevi are considered early biomarkers associated with risk of @entity320 . We sought to investigate if residing at different latitudes in Sweden influences the population's anatomical distribution of naevi in @entity1 and @entity320 in adults. METHODS: The nationwide Swedish Cancer Registry 1990-2012 gave cumulative number of invasive @entity320 per body site, stratified by sex and age in northern (62-69   N) (n=2823) and southern (55-58   N) Sweden (n=24,115). A population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2002 provided the allocation of naevi among 7-year-olds in northern (5695 naevi in 679 @entity1 ) and southern Sweden (8392 naevi in 681 @entity1 ). RESULTS: In 2012, northern Sweden had a two-fold lower @entity320 incidence: 19.8/100.000 age-standardised population compared with 41.0/100.000 in the south. Similarly, a lower mean naevi density in @entity1 was demonstrated: 7.3 (standard deviation (SD) 5.4) in @entity1 and 7.0 (4.7) in @entity1 in the north versus 13.3 (8.4) in @entity1 and 11.9 (8.5) in @entity1 in the south. Across latitudes of residing, gender profiles and proportional body-site distributions of @entity320 and naevi, respectively, were largely homogenous, but in southern Sweden slightly higher on the trunk; a body site associated with intermittent sun exposure. Childhood naevi distributions matched with @entity320 in young and middle-aged adults. CONCLUSION: This large population-based study demonstrated that latitude of residing similarly affects the number and anatomical distribution of naevi in @entity1 and @entity320 in adults. It supports a role of childhood naevi as predictors of overall and subsite risk of @entity320 among young adults.

title: Similar anatomical distributions of childhood naevi and XXXX in young adults residing in northern and southern Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Studies evaluating the efficacy of @entity645 / @entity791 interventions often involve the random assignment of groups of @entity1 or the treatment of @entity1 in groups. These studies require analytic methods that take within-group correlation into account. We reviewed published studies to determine the extent to which within-group correlation was dealt with properly. DESIGN: We reviewed group-randomized trials (GRTs) and individually randomized group treatment (IRGT) trials published in @entity645 / @entity791 and general public health journals 2005-2009. METHODS: At least two of the authors reviewed each article, recording descriptive characteristics, sample size estimation methods, analytic methods, and judgments about whether the methods took intraclass correlation into account properly. RESULTS: Of those articles including sufficient information to judge whether analytic methods were correct, only 24% used only appropriate methods for dealing with the intraclass correlation. The percentages differed substantially for GRTs (41.7%) and IRGT trials (8.0%). Most of the articles (69.2%) also made no mention of a priori sample size estimation. CONCLUSION: A majority of the articles in our review reported analyses ignoring the intraclass correlation. This practice may result in underestimated variance, inappropriately small P values, and incorrect conclusions about the effectiveness of interventions. Previous trials that were analyzed incorrectly need to be re-analyzed, and future trials should be designed and analyzed with appropriate methods. Also, journal reviewers and editors need to be aware of the special requirements for design and analysis of GRTs and IRGT trials and judge the quality of articles reporting on such trials according to appropriate standards.

title: Ignoring the group in group-level XXXX / @entity791 intervention trials: a review of reported design and analytic methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: The present study aims to improve upon our earlier findings with bilosomes as potential delivery vehicle through oral route for recombinant @entity1956 surface antigen (HBsAg). The work entails the conjugation of bilosomal system with cholera toxin B subunit ( @entity12338 ) to increase transmucosal uptake via M-cell specific delivery approach. The study encompasses the development and characterization of HBsAg-loaded @entity12338 -conjugated system for percent antigen entrapment, size, shape, and stability in SGF (USP, pH 1.2), SIF (USP, pH 7.5) and in bile salt solutions. Biological activity of @entity12338 , subsequent to conjugation, was verified by hemagglutination test. Anti-HBsAg IgG response in serum and anti-HBsAg sIgA in various body secretions were estimated using ELISA, following oral immunization with 10 microg dose-loaded @entity12338 -conjugated bilosomes (CTB2) and 20 microg dose-loaded @entity12338 -conjugated bilosomes (CTB1) in BALB/c @entity19 . The results showed that CTB1 produced anti-HBsAg IgG antibody titre response comparable to that of the intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 10 microg of alum-adsorbed HBsAg. Moreover, all the bilosomal preparations elicited measurable sIgA vis-  -vis negligible response with i.m. administered HBsAg. Thus, HBsAg-loaded @entity12338 -conjugated bilosomes provide a promising potential for targeted oral immunization against @entity1956 .

title: M-cell targeted delivery of recombinant XXXX surface antigen using cholera toxin B subunit conjugated bilosomes.

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) has been proven to be an effective means of enhancing the speed and accuracy of nerve regeneration. However, these results were recorded when the procedure was performed almost immediately after @entity128 . In clinical settings, most @entity1 cannot be treated immediately. Some @entity1 with serious @entity130 or contaminated wounds need to wait for nerve repair surgery. Delays in nerve repair have been shown to be associated with poorer results than immediate surgery. It is not clear whether electrical stimulation still has any effect on nerve regeneration after enough time has elapsed. METHODS: A delayed nerve repair model in which the @entity35 received delayed nerve repair after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months was designed. At each point in time, the nerve stumps of half the @entity35 were bridged with an absorbable conduit and the @entity35 were given 1 h of weak electrical stimulation. The other half was not treated. In order to analyze the morphological and molecular differences among these groups, 6 @entity8425 @entity35 and 6 sham @entity8425 @entity35 per point in time were killed 5 days after surgery. The other @entity35 in each group were allowed to recover for 6 weeks before the final functional test and tissue observation. RESULTS: The amounts of myelinated fibers in the distal nerve stumps decreased as the delay in repair increased for both @entity8425 @entity35 and sham @entity8425 @entity35 . In the 1-day-delay and 1-week-delay groups, there were more fibers in @entity8425 @entity35 than in sham @entity8425 @entity35 . And the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) results were better for @entity8425 @entity35 in these two groups. In order to analyze the mechanisms underlying these differences, Masson staining was performed on the distal nerves and quantitative PCR on the spinal cords. Results showed that, after delays in repair of 1 month and 2 months, there was more collagen tissue @entity1373 in the distal nerve in all @entity35 . The @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) and @entity10864 expression levels in the spinal cords of @entity8425 @entity35 were higher than in sham @entity8425 @entity35 . However, these differences decreased as the delay in repair increased. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8425 does not continue to promote nerve regeneration after long delays in nerve repair. The effective interval for nerve regeneration after delayed repair was found to be less than 1 month. The mechanism seemed to be related to the expression of nerve growth factors and regeneration environment in the distal nerves.

title: XXXX promotes regeneration of defective peripheral nerves after delayed repair intervals lasting under one month.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['Electrical stimulation', 'ES']

answer: @entity8425 :: (MESH:D004556,Disease) :: ['Electrical stimulation']


abstract: The concentration of free and conjugated @entity1063 (NE), @entity1425 (E) and @entity935 (DA) were measured by a modified radio-enzymatic assay in the plasma and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 45 @entity1 with normal and in 21 @entity1 with disturbed blood-CSF barriers. In @entity1 with an undisturbed blood-CSF barrier the free NE and E in CSF were 128 +/- 45 ng/l and 27 +/- 20 ng/l (mean values +/- S.E.), respectively, and represented about 50% of the average plasma values. Mean DA was not different in plasma (47 +/- 22 ng/l) and in CSF (41 +/- 19 ng/l). Both in plasma and in CSF, considerable higher free @entity2922 (CA) levels were measured in @entity1 with dysfunction of the blood-CSF barrier. In one @entity1 with @entity4008 twofold higher concentrations of free NE and DA in CSF as compared with plasma were detectable. @entity597 conjugates of @entity2661 are predominant in plasma and CSF. The contribution of conjugated CA to total CA in plasma from @entity1 with normal blood-CSF barrier averaged 69.7%, 63.1% and 98.1% for NE, E and DA, respectively and was significantly lower in the CSF (p less than 0.001). In @entity1 with disturbed blood-CSF barrier, the increases of conjugated CA were more pronounced in CSF than in plasma. Further, the contribution of conjugated NE and E to total NE and E in CSF was not only increased in @entity1 with @entity4008 , but also in @entity1 with @entity177 compared to the "control" @entity1 (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001 resp.). Free and conjugated NE, E and DA in the plasma and CSF were related significantly (p less than 0.01 resp.) with stronger correlation for conjugated CA (p less than 0.001 resp.). These results together with findings in the literature, suggest that there is little or no rostral-caudal gradient in CSF CA conjugate concentrations and that even in @entity1 with intact blood-CSF barrier plasma conjugated CA concentrations influence those in CSF. Thus only free CA levels in CSF may reflect the central adrenergic activity.

title: The relationship of free and conjugated XXXX in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral and meningeal disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfate']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the spectrum and reversibility of the @entity1370 observed in the adjuvant trastuzumab trials. DESIGN: The design and efficacy of the major adjuvant trastuzumab trials was assessed, including the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-31, North Central @entity5 Treatment Group N9831, Herceptin Adjuvant, Breast @entity5 International Research Group 006, and Finland Herceptin trials. The @entity1370 data were evaluated with a focus on the follow-up cardiac evaluations of @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity1370 . Proposed mechanisms of trastuzumab-related @entity1370 were considered. The natural history of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) was reviewed with the goal of placing the trastuzumab experience in context. RESULTS: Up to 4% of @entity1 enrolled onto the adjuvant trastuzumab trials experienced severe @entity712 during treatment. In these trials, early stopping rules that identified an unacceptable level of @entity1370 were never reached. Despite this, a large number of @entity1 on these trials experienced some form of @entity1370 that ultimately required discontinuation of trastuzumab. Approximately 14% of @entity1 in the NSABP B-31 trial discontinued trastuzumab because of asymptomatic decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Results of follow-up cardiac evaluations of @entity1 diagnosed with any degree of @entity1370 in the NSABP B-31 trial document that a clinically significant proportion of @entity1 have sustained decrements in their LVEF to less than 50%. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant trastuzumab provides substantial benefits to @entity1 with @entity1 @entity1722 -positive @entity0 , however, competing immediate and long-term cardiovascular risks are a great concern. Continued cardiac follow-up of these @entity1 is of critical importance.

title: Trastuzumab-related XXXX : calling into question the concept of reversibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiotoxicity']


abstract: In 1983 a total of 405 @entity1 received @entity146 supervision in somatic departments in the general hospital. At this supervision, these @entity1 were registered by means of a five-axial diagnostic coding according to the DMS III principle, and this was combined with a quantitative global assessment of the severity of the condition. Reliability testing was undertaken by five supervising physicians with a total of 15 @entity1 . The total number of supervisions constituted one supervision per somatic bed per annum. @entity1 were overrepresented, and medical departments made the greatest use of @entity146 supervision. Reactive conditions dominated parallel with a high relative incidence of @entity167 -related conditions. In @entity1 with diagnoses of @entity914 , only slight to moderate @entity146 symptoms were encountered. This held true also for personality deviations. 50% of the @entity1 had experienced significant psychosocial stress, but 10% of these were diagnosed as having non-reactive @entity914 , 52% of the @entity1 had moderate to pronounced disturbances of social function. Half of the @entity1 supervised in this manner could be investigated or treated in the referring departments. Approximately half of the @entity1 in whom referral to private @entity146 specialists was made did not keep these appointments. Reliability testing in the material shows the employability of the diagnostic armamentarium. All in all, the investigation suggests that extension of the liaison @entity146 service in somatic departments would result in a relative increase in the number of @entity1 who could be treated in the referring department and an increase in the number of @entity146 conditions diagnosed. Establishment of a @entity146 outpatient clinic in the somatic environment appears to be indicated.

title: Integration of DSM-III and ICD-8 to be used in a consultation-liaison XXXX service. Preliminary experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse the role of circulating cleaved @entity1356 in @entity1 with @entity827 . METHODS: We enrolled 20 @entity1 with @entity827 (5 males and 15 females), 22 @entity1 with @entity309 (4 males and 18 females) and 22 healthy controls (6 males and 16 females). Serum levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured by ELISA. We also determined whether @entity1356 was present as the cleaved form ( @entity14848 ) in the sera of @entity827 @entity1 by immunoblotting using anti-cleaved @entity1356 antibody. RESULTS: Although SAA concentrations were elevated in the sera, there was no significant difference in these concentrations between @entity827 @entity1 and @entity309 @entity1 . Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the cleaved form of @entity1356 ( @entity14848 ) was present in sera from @entity827 @entity1 during febrile attack periods, but not in healthy controls. Bands representing the cleaved form of @entity1356 were not detected in serum from @entity827 @entity1 at non-febrile attack periods or remission periods under @entity3812 treatment. The amounts of cleaved @entity1356 ( @entity14848 ) were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity827 compared with those in @entity1 with @entity309 in the inflammatory phase. CONCLUSION: The cleaved form of @entity1356 is a valuable biomarker for monitoring disease activity and response to @entity3812 treatment in @entity1 with @entity827 . It might be useful to discriminate @entity827 from other non- @entity1356 -mediated inflammatory disorders.

title: Dysregulated mature @entity1356 production in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity827 :: (MESH:D010505,Disease) :: ['familial Mediterranean fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND GOALS: @entity2838 ( @entity2838 ) is a rare @entity1412 caused by @entity2839 germline mutations. @entity2838 is associated with an increased risk of @entity5 . In our cohort, clinical and phenotypic parameters were correlated with genotypic findings and @entity1 were prospectively followed by surveillance. STUDY: Thirty-one @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2006, were evaluated. @entity2839 genotyping was performed and phenotypes of @entity1 with truncating (TM) and nontruncating mutations (NTM) were compared. RESULTS: Median age at first symptoms was 11 years and complications occurred before the age of ten in 42% of @entity1 . @entity2839 mutations were detected in 16 of 22 families (12 TM; four NTM). @entity1 with TM had more surgical gastrointestinal (GI) interventions (p = 0.021), and female @entity1 in the TM group had an increased risk of undergoing gynecological surgery (p = 0.016). Also, there was a trend towards a higher polyp count (p = 0.11) and earlier age at first polypectomy (p = 0.13) in the TM group. @entity189 were detected in six @entity1 resulting in a @entity5 risk of 65% up to the age of 65 years. @entity1 with TM tended to develop more @entity5 (p = 0.10). Importantly, our surveillance strategy used detected 50% of @entity5 (n = 5) at an early potentially curable stage. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that almost half of PJ @entity1 have complications early in life independent of mutational status. @entity1 with TM require more surgical GI interventions and tend to develop more @entity1127 and @entity5 . Furthermore, close surveillance detects early stage @entity5 in @entity1 . We propose that surveillance should be started as early as 8 years in all @entity1 to avoid complications. Moreover, @entity1 with TM may benefit from surveillance at shorter intervals.

title: Truncating mutations in @entity2838 are associated with more @entity1127 , surgical interventions and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2838 :: ('MESH:D010580', 'Disease') :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome', 'PJS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Ten carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polyposis syndrome']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ) is a rare @entity5 arising from the smooth muscle cells of arteries and veins. @entity1822 may affect both the inferior vena cava (IVC) and non-IVC veins. Because of its rarity, the experience with the outcome of the disease originating from the IVC compared with that with non-IVC offspring is overall limited. In this study, we compared the clinical features and outcomes after operative resection of IVC and non-IVC @entity1822 to detect possible significant differences that could affect treatment and prognosis. METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 undergoing operative resection of a @entity1211 at a single tertiary care center and one secondary care hospital were reviewed retrospectively and divided into 2 groups: IVC- @entity1822 (Group A, n  =  18) and non-IVC @entity1822 (Group B, n  =  9). As primary end points, postoperative mortality and morbidity, disease-specific survival and, if applicable, patency of venous reconstruction were considered. Bivariate differences were compared with the   (2) test. Disease-specific survival was expressed by a life-table analysis and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: No postoperative mortality was observed in either group. Postoperative morbidity was 28% in group A and 11% in group B (P  =  .33). The mean duration of follow-up was 60  months (range, 13-140). Disease-specific survival was 60% in group A and 75% in group B at 3  years (P  =  .48), and it was 54% in group A and 62% in group B at 5  years (P  =  .63). Seven grafts were occluded in group A (39%) and 1of 3 were occluded in group B (33%) (P  =  .85). CONCLUSION: IVC and non-IVC @entity1822 exhibit similar outcomes in terms of postoperative course and survival. Operative resection associated with vascular reconstruction, if applicable, eventually followed by radiation and chemotherapy may be curative and is associated with good functional results.

title: Outcome of inferior vena cava and noncaval XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyosarcoma', 'LMS']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous LMS']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous leiomyosarcomas']


abstract: A complication of @entity3458 is @entity989 . We investigated the eyes from a transgenic @entity19 model of @entity3458 (alpha H beta S[beta MDD] type) to determine if pathological changes occurred in their retinas and choroids. One retina from each animal was processed by flat-embedding @entity859 diphosphatase-reacted retinas in @entity6456 . The fellow eye from each animal was embedded whole in @entity6456 for histopathological analysis of all ocular structures. @entity732 resulted in nonperfused areas of @entity1211 . Intra- and extraretinal neovascularization was observed adjacent to nonperfused areas. @entity989 were formed by the migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells into sensory retina, often ensheathing @entity1940 . The incidence of this bilateral @entity989 was 30% in animals older than 15 months of age. The ocular histopathological changes we observed in the @entity19 model mimicked many aspects of @entity1 @entity3458 . Furthermore, this is the first genetically derived animal model for @entity2479 .

title: Retinal and @entity1940 in a transgenic XXXX model of @entity3458 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['chorio-retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative sickle cell retinopathy', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity6456 :: ('MESH:C005044', 'Chemical') :: ['glycol methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative retinopathy', 'Retinal pigmented lesions', 'chorioretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal vascular occlusions']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['retina and arterio-venous anastomoses']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity462 cathepsins play an important role in shaping the highly infiltrative growth pattern of @entity1 @entity11 . We have previously demonstrated that the activity of @entity462 cathepsins is elevated in invasive @entity463 ( @entity463 ) cells in vitro, in part due to attenuation of their endogenous inhibitors, the @entity464 . To investigate this relationship in vivo, we established U87-MG xenografts in non-obese @entity6 (NOD)/severe @entity465 ( @entity466 )-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) @entity19 . Here, @entity5 growth correlated with an elevated enzymatic activity of @entity467 both in the @entity5 core and at the periphery, whereas @entity468 and CatL levels were higher at the xenograft edge compared to the core. Reversely, StefB expression was detected in the @entity5 core, but it was generally absent in the @entity5 periphery, suggesting that down-regulation of this inhibitor correlates with in vivo invasion. In @entity1 @entity463 samples, all cathepsins were elevated at the @entity5 periphery compared to brain parenchyma. @entity467 was also typically associated with angiogenic endothelia and @entity39 areas. StefB was mainly detected in the @entity5 core, whereas CysC and StefA were evenly distributed, reflecting the observations in the xenografts. However, at the mRNA level, no differences in cathepsins and @entity464 were observed between the @entity5 center and the periphery in both @entity1 biopsies and xenografts. Interestingly, in @entity1 @entity5 , cathepsin and stefin transcript levels correlated with @entity469 and @entity436 levels, but not with @entity470 ( @entity470 ). Moreover, we reveal for the first time that an elevated StefA mRNA level is a highly significant prognostic factor for @entity1 survival.

title: The regulation of XXXX cathepsins and @entity464 in @entity1 @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['Cysteine', 'cysteine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity464 :: ('MESH:D055333', 'Chemical') :: ['cystatins']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'GBM']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity7446 ( @entity7446 ) is one of the most frequent @entity3675 and its diagnosis is often difficult. This review summarizes its current diagnostic challenges. RECENT FINDINGS: @entity7446 is associated with significant health and socio-economic burden. It is underdiagnosed and physicians need to adopt a stepwise approach to confirm the diagnosis. Although early removal from exposure to the offending agent is associated with a better prognosis, physicians should try to confirm the diagnosis of work-related @entity565 before taking a worker off work. A proper occupational and medical history is very important but is not enough to make the diagnosis of @entity7446 . Objective evidence of work-related @entity565 is required and this represents a serious challenge to most physicians. Measurement of non-specific bronchial responsiveness (NSBR) and spirometry may confirm the diagnosis of @entity565 but do not confirm the diagnosis of @entity7446 . Serial monitoring of peak expiratory flows (PEF), NSBR, and airway @entity32 at and off work may confirm the diagnosis of @entity7446 but are often difficult to perform. Confirming sensitization by skin prick tests or specific IgE may help to support the diagnosis of @entity7446 . Specific inhalation challenges (SIC) in the lab or at work are considered the reference standard but are of limited access. Medical surveillance programs along with primary prevention (reducing exposure) may help to reduce the burden of @entity7446 , but the ideal program has yet to be defined. The diagnostic workup of @entity7446 remains a challenge and needs a rigorous stepwise evaluation.

title: Review of Diagnostic Challenges in Occupational XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational diseases']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Occupational asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activation of angiotensin (ANG) II type 1 receptors ( @entity1809 ) promotes vasoconstriction, @entity32 , and @entity8 . In this study, we addressed the ability of @entity6290 (AZL), a new @entity1809 antagonist, to modulate levels of plasma ANG-(1-7) and renal @entity15758 (EETs) and @entity15759 (20-HETE). METHODS: @entity35 were infused with @entity1808 (125ng/min) or vehicle (VEH). AZL (3mg/kg/day) or VEH was administered starting 1 day prior to @entity1808 or VEH infusion. On day 10, plasma was obtained for measurement of ANG-(1-7) and kidneys for isolation of microvessels for EET and @entity15759 determination and histological evaluation. RESULTS: Mean 24-hour blood pressure (BP) was not different between VEH and AZL treatment groups, whereas the BP elevation with @entity1808 infusion (121  5mm Hg) was completely normalized with AZL cotreatment (86  3mm Hg). The @entity1808 -induced @entity8 was attenuated and @entity1283 prevented with AZL cotreatment. Plasma ANG-(1-7) levels (pg/ml) were increased with AZL treatment (219  22) and AZL + @entity1808 infusion (264  93) compared to VEH controls (74.62  8). AZL treatment increased the ratio of EETs to their @entity15760 ( @entity15760 ) metabolites and reduced 20-HETE levels. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with AZL completely antagonized the elevation of BP induced by @entity1808 , prevented @entity1283 , @entity8 , and increased ANG-(1-7) and EET/DHET ratio while diminishing 20-HETE levels. Increased ANG-(1-7) and EETs levels may emerge as novel therapeutic mechanisms contributing to the antihypertensive and antihypertrophic actions of AZL treatment and their relative role compared to @entity1809 blockade may depend on the etiology of the @entity101 .

title: XXXX Is Associated With Increased Circulating Angiotensin-(1-7) Levels and Reduced Renovascular 20-HETE Levels.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated renal damage', 'renal damage', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity15760 :: ('CHEBI:64005', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid', 'DHET']

entities_list: @entity15759 :: ('MESH:C055987', 'Chemical') :: ['20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid', '20-HETE']

entities_list: @entity15758 :: ('CHEBI:64007', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxyeicosatrienoic acids']

entities_list: @entity6290 :: ('MESH:C521273', 'Chemical') :: ['azilsartan']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity6290 :: (MESH:C521273,Chemical) :: ['Azilsartan']


abstract: Survival of @entity5125 on cooked bacon cubes (a(w) 0.910 +/- 0.080), strips (a(w) 0.726 +/- 0.054), and bits (a(w) 0.620 +/- 0.038) was determined during a 25 week storage period at -20, 4.4, and 22 degrees C. Selective enrichment and subsequent enzyme-linked fluorescent antibody (ELFA) detection were used to asses survival on samples inoculated at ca. 1-log(10) CFU/g ( @entity3162 ). Samples inoculated at ca. 5.5-log(10) CFU/g (HI) were analyzed over time by direct plating on modified Oxford medium (MOX). The Baranyi model was fitted to the inactivation curves of HI samples using the DMFit program. At -20 degrees C, a decline of about 1-log(10) CFU/g occurred on all HI cooked bacon types by 14 weeks, although most @entity3162 samples remained positive by the ELFA detection method for 25 weeks. At 4.4 and 22 degrees C, some strips and bits @entity3162 samples were negative for the pathogen within 3 weeks, and >1.5 log(10) CFU/g reductions occurred on HI strips and bits by 8 weeks. Reductions on cubes at refrigeration and ambient temperature were ca. 0.5 log(10) CFU/g, and cubes remained positive on @entity3162 samples for 25 weeks. Rate parameter estimates indicated that the population declined fastest on strips and bits at 22 degrees C compared to all other product and temperature combinations. This study demonstrates that cooked bacon does not support the growth of @entity5125 and that the pathogen gradually dies off during storage.

title: Survival and death of XXXX on cooked bacon at three storage temperatures.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: PURPOSE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: To assess the prognostic significance of intratumoral aromatase in endometrioid @entity1204 , sections from 55 @entity1 with @entity1204 were evaluated for expression of aromatase using immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between aromatase expression and clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for aromatase was positive for 32 (58%), 20 (36%), and 19 (34%) @entity1 in @entity5 epithelial cells, stromal cells, and myometrial cells around the flank invasion, respectively. In situ hybridization also detected aromatase mRNA in all three types of cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that aromatase mRNA was 2.5 +/- 1.0 amol/mug total RNA (mean +/- SE; n = 7) in @entity5 tissue. Western blot analysis detected the expected aromatase protein size of 58 kDa in @entity5 tissues more abundantly than in @entity5 -free endometrium (n = 3). The immunoreactivity in stromal cells correlated positively with advanced surgical stage and poor survival. Survival analysis revealed that the immunoreactivity of stromal cells was a significant prognostic factor, independent of histologic grade, @entity3 , and lymph node @entity3 , but dependent on surgical stage. By contrast, the immunoreactivity of aromatase both in @entity5 epithelial cells and myometrial cells did not correlate with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence associating intratumoral aromatase expression in stromal cells and poor survival in endometrioid @entity1204 . This positive linkage indicates that local expression of aromatase plays a role in @entity5 progression through the formation of in situ @entity172 . In situ expression of aromatase may offer a potential target for management of @entity1204 .

title: Aromatase expression in stromal cells of endometrioid XXXX correlates with poor survival.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'muscular invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiation in combination with @entity3866 for locally advanced @entity418 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-four @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. A daily fraction of 2.0 Gy was prescribed to a total dose of 60 Gy over 6 weeks. Concurrent @entity1311 (135 mg/m(2), d(1)) and @entity900 (20 mg/m(2), d(1-3)) were administered on Day 1 and Day 29 of the radiotherapy. @entity3866 , an oral epidermal growth factor receptor- @entity669 kinase inhibitor, was taken by every @entity1 at the dose of 150 mg daily during the chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up of the 24 @entity1 was 18.6 months (range, 7.1-29.6 months). The 2-year overall survival, local-regional control, and relapse-free survival were 70.1% (95% CI, 50.4-90%), 87.5% (95% CI, 73.5-100%), and 57.4% (95% CI, 36.3-78.7%), respectively. During the chemoradiotherapy, the incidences of acute @entity137 of Grade 3 or greater, such as @entity1210 and @entity882 , were 16.7 % (4/24) and 8.3% (2/24). CONCLUSIONS: Application of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in combination with @entity3866 for locally advanced @entity418 yielded satisfactory 2-year overall survival and local-regional control. The @entity137 were well tolerated.

title: Phase II study of concurrent chemoradiation in combination with XXXX for locally advanced @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: We showed in a previous in vitro study that @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ) arrests dentin mineralization and enamel formation in developing @entity19 tooth. The present aim was to investigate the effect of @entity2385 on the expression of genes associated with mineralization of dental hard tissues. Embryonic day 18 @entity19 mandibular first molars were cultured for 3, 5 or 7 days and exposed to 1.0  M @entity2385 and studied by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) for the expressions of @entity2450 ( @entity2450 ), alkaline phosphatase ( @entity10749 ), @entity12281 ( @entity12281 ), @entity12282 ( @entity12282 ) and @entity12283 ( @entity12283 ). @entity2450 , @entity12283 and @entity12282 , whose expressions showed changes in RT- QPCR, were further analyzed by in situ hybridization of tissue sections. In situ hybridization showed that @entity2385 decreased @entity2450 expression in odontoblasts but increased the expression in the epithelial tooth compartment. In QPCR assays, the net effect in the whole tooth was increased expression. @entity2385 also reduced @entity12283 expression in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. @entity12282 expression varied but both QPCR assays and in situ hybridization showed a decreasing trend. @entity2385 exposure had no clear effect on @entity10749 and @entity12281 expressions. Increased @entity2450 expression by epithelial enamel organ may inhibit dentin mineralization and enamel formation. Decreased @entity2450 , @entity12283 and @entity12282 expressions in odontoblasts may indicate delayed cell differentiation, or @entity2385 may specifically decrease the expression of genes involved in dentin mineralization. While decreased @entity12283 expression by @entity2385 in ameloblasts may impair enamel mineralization, the coincident reduction in @entity12283 and @entity12282 expressions in odontoblasts may potentiate the delay of dentin mineralization.

title: @entity2384 alters @entity2450 , XXXX and @entity12282 gene expression in mineralizing @entity19 embryonic tooth in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyltin']

entities_list: @entity12282 :: ('666279(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['dentin sialophosphoprotein', 'Dspp']

answer: @entity12283 :: (30800(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 20']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate residual symptoms in @entity1 achieving remission according to the consensus criteria and to analyze their potential influence on the @entity1 's outcome one year after discharge. In total, 399 @entity1 suffering from a @entity161 spectrum disorder were evaluated within a naturalistic study. Remission status was examined using the consensus criteria. Residual symptoms were defined as any symptom present at the time-point of remission following analogous analyses performed in @entity308 @entity1 . Therefore, a PANSS item with a symptom severity of >1 (=  at least borderline mentally ill) was defined to be a residual symptom. Remitters with and without residual symptoms were compared regarding psychopathology, functioning and side effects. In total, 236 @entity1 (59  %) were remitters at discharge with 94  % of them suffering from at least one residual symptom. The most common residual symptoms were @entity1316 (49  %), conceptual disorganization (42  %) and social withdrawal (40  %). A significant association was found between the presence of residual symptoms and the severity of side effects (p  <  0.0001) and functioning (p  =  0.0003) at discharge as well as between residual symptoms and the risk of relapse and chance of remission one year after discharge. Residual symptoms were highly prevalent in remitted @entity161 inpatients following the suggested definition. Most residual symptoms were persistent baseline symptoms suggesting an @entity221 severity. Also, the necessity to re-evaluate the consensus criteria questioning the status of remission in these @entity1 is also pointed out.

title: What are residual symptoms in XXXX spectrum disorder? Clinical description and 1-year persistence within a naturalistic trial.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['blunted affect']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing illness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for single bundle @entity397 using hamstring autograft with preservation of the left bundle. METHODS: Between March 2005 and May 2009, 20 @entity1 with ACL single bundle @entity397 were treated using hamstring autograft with preservation of the left bundle. There were 15 males and 5 females with an average age of 25.5 years (range, 16-43 years). Injury was caused by sports in all the @entity1 . The locations were the left knee in 12 cases and the right knee in 8 cases, including 11 cases of antero-medial bundle @entity397 and 9 cases of postero-lateral bundle @entity397 . Ten @entity1 had positive results of anterior drawer test, 8 @entity1 had positive result of Lachman test, and 2 @entity1 had positive results of both tests. The Lysholm score was 67.0 +/- 6.2 and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was 69.0 +/- 7.5. The time from injury to surgery was 1 week to 12 months (mean, 2.8 months). RESULTS: All the @entity1 had healing of incision by first intention. Twenty @entity1 were followed up 18.5 months on average (range, 12-36 months). The range of motion of all the knees was more than 130 degrees at last follow-up. The results of both the anterior drawer test and Lachman test were negative in 17 @entity1 . The result of anterior drawer test was weakly positive and the result of Lachman test was negative in 2 @entity1 . The result of Lachman test was weakly positive and the result of the anterior drawer test was negative in 1 @entity1 . The Lysholm score and the IKDC score were 91.0 +/- 3.7 and 92.0 +/- 4.9 at last follow-up, showing significant differences when compared with the preoperative ones (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ACL reconstruction using hamstring autograft with preservation of the left bundle has satisfactory effects and can partially preserve the proprioceptive sense of the knee, which is beneficial for improving the stability of the knee.

title: [Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament for single bundle XXXX with hamstring autograft].

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the success rate of sentinel node dissection and the sensitivity of sentinel node to determine the presence of axillary node @entity3 in @entity1 with clinically node negative @entity0 . DESIGN: Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted at Department of General Surgery Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad (PIMS) and Nuclear Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad (NORI) from January 2002 to December 2003. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 of @entity189 breast were recruited in the study. Five @entity1 were injected with radiocolloid and later with @entity12670 in the subareolar region. Ten @entity1 were given @entity12670 only. All the @entity1 were subjected to standard axillary clearance after sentinel node biopsy through separate incisions. Sentinel node was examined by intra-operative frozen section and all of the dissected lymph nodes were examined histopathologically for @entity5 deposits. RESULTS: Sentinel lymph node was successfully excised in all the cases 15/15 (100%). In 14 of the @entity1 the sentinel node pathology was truly predictive of axillary nodal status. Sensitivity of the test was 93.33% and the positive predictive value was 100%. CONCLUSION: Sentinel node biopsy should be followed by standard axillary lymph adenectomy until the results of multiple prospective randomized trials define the role of this technique in the management of @entity189 breast.

title: Sentinel node localization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'early carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12670 :: ('MESH:C025484', 'Chemical') :: ['isosulfan blue']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: The Supercell coater was developed as an in-line small batch tablet coater which uses air-fluidization for tablet coating. Coating time is very much reduced, with improved heat and mass transfer. It was hypothesized that the quasi-continuous Supercell coating process was more suitable for the aqueous coating of tablets containing moisture-sensitive drugs. @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) was used as the model drug in this study. The extent of @entity1281 degradation in Supercell coating was compared against that of tablets coated using the conventional pan coater. Less than 0.3% of @entity1281 was degraded at the end of the coating process using either coater. The extent of @entity1281 degradation was found to be more pronounced during storage. The Supercell coated tablets exhibited comparable or smaller percentage of @entity1281 degradation than the pan coated tablets at the end of a storage period of 6months under accelerated stability conditions (40  C/75% RH) and 3years under ambient conditions (25  C/50% RH). The extent and rate of @entity1281 degradation during storage were dependent on the processing conditions employed during Supercell coating. Increase in temperature generally led to a reduction in @entity1281 degradation, while increase in spray rate and coating level caused more degradation. Greater extent of @entity1281 degradation was observed on the surface of pan coated tablets compared with Supercell coated tablets due to greater moisture contact and the slower and wetter coating process. Changes to the processing conditions also influenced the residual moisture content (0.55-2.86%) of the tablets. However, no direct correlation between the residual moisture content of the tablets after coating and the extent of @entity1281 degradation during storage was found.

title: A comparative study between conventional pan coater and quasi-continuous small batch coater on the stability of tablets containing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if adding etanercept ( @entity13469 ) to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) or @entity1500 to @entity13469 for 52 weeks in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 with moderate disease activity provides higher efficacy. METHODS: All @entity1 (n = 227) received open-label @entity13469 25 mg subcutaneously twice-weekly and @entity1500 orally up to 20 mg weekly for 52 weeks and had completed a 3-year study in which @entity1 received @entity1500 , @entity13469 or combination therapy. Endpoints were based on Disease Activity Score (DAS) and European League Against @entity627 (EULAR) responses. RESULTS: @entity1 previously receiving combination therapy (Combination group; n = 96) had a lower disease activity at baseline. The mean DAS for those previously receiving @entity1500 ( @entity13469 -added group; n = 55) and previously receiving @entity13469 ( @entity1500 -added group; n = 76) were in the moderate disease activity range at baseline; Combination @entity1 had a low disease activity. The greatest increase in DAS remission rates from baseline to week 52 was in the @entity13469 -added group (23.6% to 41.8%, p<0.01), although Combination (37.6% to 50.0%, p<0.01) and @entity1500 -added (26.7% to 36.8%, p = NS) also demonstrated improvements. DAS low disease activity and EULAR responses showed similar results. No new safety issues were identified. CONCLUSION: @entity309 @entity1 who were partial responders to long-term @entity1500 or etanercept monotherapy obtained a higher efficacy with combination therapy. Responses achieved by @entity1 with combination therapy after 3 years in the previous study were sustained or improved during the fourth year of treatment. This trial supports the higher therapeutic effect of combination treatment with etanercept and @entity1500 in @entity309 @entity1 with moderate disease activity despite monotherapy with one of the two agents.

title: The safety and efficacy of adding etanercept to XXXX or @entity1499 to etanercept in moderately active @entity309 @entity1 previously treated with monotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Workers in hydroelectric plants appear to be readily sensitized to caddisfly allergens. This sensitization probably occurs de novo from occupational exposure. In some workers, sensitization occurs on a non-atopic background. Cytokine synthesis of @entity379 , @entity225 and @entity4047 in @entity1097 was examined to determine if responses were similar or different. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from @entity56 , non- @entity56 and non-atopic caddisfly-exposed but non-allergic workers. Stimulation with caddisfly antigens was carried out and synthesis of @entity379 , @entity225 and @entity4047 was determined by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: Both caddisfly-allergic and non-allergic subjects responded to stimulation with caddisfly extract. The response in non-atopic caddisfly-non-allergic subjects was TH1 predominant, while that in @entity56 was TH2 predominant. The response in non- @entity56 was between that of the @entity56 and the trend was to a TH2 response. Work-related symptoms were similarly intermediate between the @entity56 and non-atopic caddisfly-non-allergic group. Differences were significant for @entity379 / @entity225 ratios but not @entity379 / @entity4047 ratios for @entity1097 individuals, compared to non-atopic caddisfly-non-allergic workers. However, a linear relationship existed between @entity379 synthesis and @entity225 and @entity4047 synthesis in non- @entity56 but not in @entity56 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity566 in hydroelectric workers may be a useful model for the development of @entity566 to a previously unencountered allergen, and points to some interesting differences between atopic and non-atopic subjects who become sensitized to environmental allergens.

title: Cytokine synthesis in occupational XXXX to caddisflies in hydroelectric plant workers.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Caddisfly allergy']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic and non-atopic caddisfly-allergic workers', 'atopic and non-atopic caddisfly-allergic']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['atopic caddisfly-allergic', 'atopic caddisfly-allergic subjects', 'atopic caddisfly-allergic workers', 'atopic caddisfly-allergic workers and the non-atopic caddisfly-non-allergic workers']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The biological membrane that surrounds the milk fat globules exhibits phase separation of polar lipids that is poorly known. The objective of this study was to investigate the role played by @entity165 in the organization of monolayers prepared as models of the milk fat globule membrane ( @entity12492 ). Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction experiments allowed characterization of the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition temperature of lipids, Tm ~35  C, in vesicles prepared with a @entity12492 lipid extract. For temperature below Tm, atomic force microscopy revealed phase separation of lipids at 30mN  m(-1) in Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of the @entity12492 lipid extract. The high Tm lipids form liquid condensed (LC) domains that protrude by about 1.5nm from the continuous liquid expanded (LE) phase. @entity165 was added to the @entity12492 extract up to 30% of polar lipids ( @entity165 /milk @entity4291 (MSM) molar ratio of 50/50). Compression isotherms evidenced the condensing effect of the @entity165 onto the @entity12492 lipid monolayers. Topography of the monolayers showed a decrease in the area of the LC domains and in the height difference H between the LC domains and the continuous LE phase, as the @entity165 content increased in the @entity12492 lipid monolayers. These results were interpreted in terms of nucleation effects of @entity165 and decrease of the line tension between LC domains and LE phase in the @entity12492 lipid monolayers. This study revealed the major structural role of @entity165 in the @entity12492 that could be involved in biological functions of this interface (e.g. mechanisms of milk fat globule digestion).

title: XXXX strongly affects the organization of lipid monolayers studied as models of the milk fat globule membrane: Condensing effect and change in the lipid domain morphology.

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: This study compares inducibility of @entity1165 by programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in @entity1 with @entity583 with and without reperfusion after streptokinase therapy. Sixty-two consecutive @entity1 admitted with an @entity583 were randomized to either combined intravenous and intracoronary streptokinase (streptokinase group) or to standard coronary care unit treatment (control group). Thirty-six of the 62 @entity1 (21 @entity1 from the streptokinase and 15 from the control group) with a first @entity583 were studied by programmed ventricular stimulation after a mean of 26 +/- 14 days. No @entity1 had a history of antiarrhythmic drug use or documentation of a @entity943 before the initial admission. A sustained @entity943 was induced in 10 (48%) of the 21 @entity1 randomized to streptokinase therapy and in all 15 (100%) control @entity1 (p less than 0.001). Sustained monomorphic @entity1165 was induced in 6 (29%) and 10 (67%) @entity1 , respectively (p less than 0.05). To terminate an induced @entity943 , direct current countershock was required in 33% of @entity1 in the streptokinase group and 73% of @entity1 in the control group (p less than 0.02). Seventeen of the 21 @entity1 treated with streptokinase and no control @entity1 had evidence of early reperfusion 200 +/- 70 minutes after the onset of @entity158 . In comparison with @entity1 without early reperfusion, @entity1 in the reperfused group had a lower maximal serum @entity908 kinase value (p less than 0.01), a shorter time to peak @entity908 kinase value (p less than 0.001) and a higher angiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (62 versus 45%, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of early reperfusion in @entity583 on XXXX induced by programmed stimulation: a prospective, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: Single system ureteral @entity3611 and associated @entity8 is surgically curable etiology of @entity322 with other wise normal pattern of voiding in female @entity1 . We share our experience of eight cases in last one year and its management with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy at a tertiary care hospital in India which is one of the largest series in such a short duration of this rare anomaly. Materials and Methods : @entity1 presented with clinical features of continence with otherwise normal pattern of voiding were clinically examined and investigated by ultrasound (USG), nuclear renal scan, magnetic resonance urography (MRU). Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was done in all the eight cases and @entity8 was confirmed on histological examination. Results : All the @entity1 were females in the age group of five months to five years. USG detected the @entity8 in three out of eight cases; however, it could not detect the course of the ectopic ureter in any of the cases. MRU picked up the @entity6349 moieties and their location as well as functional status and also depicted the course of the ectopic ureter opening into the vaginal wall in all the eight cases. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was done in all the cases and @entity1 were cured off their symptoms. Conclusion : Single system ectopic ureter associated with @entity8 is exceedingly rare. MRU is definitely the better investigation for the diagnosis of this condition as compared to the conventional radiological investigations. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is a very good procedure for the management of these cases.

title: XXXX with single system ectopic ureter: Diagnosis using magnetic resonance urography and management with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in pediatric age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['congenital renal dysplasia', 'congenital dysplastic kidney', 'renal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal dysplasia']


abstract: During development, a subpopulation (approximately 30%) of neurons in the avian cochlear nucleus, @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ), dies following removal of the cochlea. It is clear that neuronal activity coming from the auditory nerve provides trophic support critical for cell survival in the @entity10789 . Several aspects of the intracellular signaling cascades that regulate apoptosis have been defined for naturally occurring, or programmed cell death, in neurons. These intracellular cascades involve the extrusion of @entity4674 from the mitochondria into the cytosol and the subsequent activation of proteolytic caspase cascades, which ultimately act on substrates that lead to the death of the cell. In contrast, the intracellular signaling cascades responsible for deafferentation-induced cell death are not fully understood. In the present series of experiments, the potential extrusion of @entity4674 from the mitochondria into the cytosol, and the activation of caspases were examined in the @entity10789 following deafferentation. @entity4674 immunoreactivity increased within 6 h following deafferentation and persisted for at least 3-5 days following surgery. However, @entity4674 was not detectable within immunoprecipitates obtained from cytosolic fractions of deafferented @entity10789 neurons. This suggests that the increased immunoreactivity of @entity4674 is related to mitochondrial proliferation. As a positive control, @entity4674 was detected in cytosolic fractions of deafferented @entity10789 neurons treated with @entity4176 , a substance known to cause @entity4674 release into the cytosol. In addition, immunoreactivity for downstream active @entity8187 did increase following cochlea ablation. This increase was observed within 3 h following cochlea removal, but was not observed 4 days following surgery, a time point after the dying population of @entity10789 neurons have already degenerated. Together, these findings suggest that deafferentation of @entity10789 neurons results in caspase activation, but this activation may be @entity4674 independent.

title: Afferent regulation of @entity4674 and active XXXX in the avian cochlear nucleus.

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity4674 :: ('54205', 'Gene') :: ['cytochrome-c', 'Cytochrome-c']

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['NM', 'nucleus magnocellularis']

answer: @entity8187 :: (842,Gene) :: ['caspase-9']


abstract: Dynamic changes in the topography of the @entity1 @entity3347 ( @entity2194 ) were assessed by repetitive @entity158 stimuli in 15 healthy subjects. A train of five electrical stimuli was delivered at a frequency of 3 Hz (total train duration 1.33 s). The train was delivered in random order to 10 electrode sites on the sole of the foot. Reflexes were recorded from tibialis anterior, soleus, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and iliopsoas (IL). The @entity2194 changes during the stimulus train were assessed during standing with even support on both legs and while seated. The degree of temporal summation was depending on stimulation site. At the most sensitive part of the @entity2194 , a statistically significant increase in reflex size was seen after two stimuli while four stimuli were needed to observe reflex facilitation at less sensitive electrode sites. Hence, the region from which reflexes could be evoked using the same stimulus intensity became larger through the train, that is, the @entity2194 was gradually expanding. Reflexes evoked by stimuli four and five were of the same size. No reflex facilitation was seen at other stimulus sites outside the @entity2194 . In all muscles except in IL, the largest reflexes were evoked when the subjects were standing. In the ankle joint, the main withdrawal pattern consisted of @entity1411 and inversion when the subjects were standing while dorsi-flexion was prevalent in the sitting position. Up to 35 degrees of knee and hip flexion were evoked often leading to a lift of the foot from the floor during standing. In conclusion, a gradual expansion of the @entity2194 was seen in all muscles during the stimulus train. Furthermore, the motor programme task controls the reflex sensitivity within the reflex receptive field and, hence, the sensitivity of the temporal summation mechanism.

title: Gradual enlargement of @entity1 XXXX following repetitive @entity158 stimulation.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal reflex receptive fields']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar flexion']

answer: @entity3347 :: (MESH:D013375,Disease) :: ['withdrawal reflex receptive fields']


abstract: The male gonad receives nerve fibres from the autonomic ganglionic system. These fibres converge on the testis along two pathways, the superior and the inferior spermatic nerves. The superior spermatic nerve runs from the superior @entity4494 alongside the testicular artery, whereas the inferior spermatic nerve originates in inferior @entity4494 , accompanies the vas deferens and penetrates the inferior pole of the testis. The aim of this work was to evaluate @entity342 release after the addition of @entity1063 or adrenoreceptor antagonists ( @entity1169 or @entity5521 ) to the ganglionic compartment. An ex vivo system used in a previous work was incubated in two separate containers, one for the testis and the other for the ganglion. Both organs remain interconnected (as in vivo) by the respective spermatic nerve. When @entity1063 was added to the inferior @entity4494 , @entity251 release in the gonad container underwent a progressive and significant increment. @entity1169 diminishes and @entity5521 increases the @entity342 release. When using the superior @entity4494 , no changes were observed. These results indicate that the ganglionic stimulation of the autonomic system clearly participates in @entity251 release from the testis. This effect depends on the ganglion involved. These results make it evident that not only the classical and well-known @entity2339 , but also the peripheral nervous system, via the autonomic ganglia, are directly involved in the endocrine control of the testis.

title: Administration of XXXX in the autonomic ganglia modifies the @entity251 release from the testis using an ex vivo system.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ganglion']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-hypophysial axis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: Pontine tegmental cap @entity1141 (PTCD) is an exceptionally rare brain stem and @entity76 characterized by ventral pontine @entity509 , vaulted pontine tegmentum, @entity509 of the vermis, subtotal absence of middle cerebellar peduncles, lateralized course of the superior cerebellar peduncles, and absence or alteration of the inferior olivary nucleus. The main clinical features are multiple cranial neurophaties and @entity2055 . @entity1274 of varying severity is almost always present. To date, 14 cases of PTCD have been reported in the literature. We present a @entity1 with PTCD and profound bilateral @entity1274 who underwent cochlear implantation. To the best of our knowledge, cochlear implantation in PTCD has not been previously reported. Functional outcome was assessed using the Speech Perception Categories and the Speech Intelligibility Rating scale. At 22 months' postoperative evaluation, the @entity1 who was placed into speech perception category 0 (no detection of speech) preoperatively progressed to category 3 (beginning word identification). Before implantation, the @entity1 had connected speech unintelligible. At the last follow-up, she had connected speech intelligible to a listener who has little experience of a deaf @entity1 's speech. Cochlear implantation allowed this @entity1 to improve her quality of life, increasing her self-confidence, independence, and social integration.

title: Cochlear implantation in pontine tegmental cap XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'Sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar malformation']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: Plasmid elimination in @entity526 by a quaternary @entity6115 of @entity2644 was demonstrated on different incompatibility groups of plasmid. The biological effect of the drug depends partly on the host bacteria and partly on the plasmid itself. Various receptor substrates such as @entity859 , @entity935 , @entity112 and @entity1063 do not alter the plasmid elimination by @entity4489 and @entity2645 . None of the known drug-receptors studied are involved in drug binding of the bacteria. The direct membrane action of @entity2645 and @entity4489 was demonstrated in electron microscopic studies and alterations in the bacterial membrane such as discontinuities, phase separation or rarely extensive lytic alterations were observed. @entity1760 ions prevent the ultrastructural membrane alterations caused by @entity2645 and @entity4489 . There is some evidence that the drugs bind to two different receptor sites simultaneously on the plasmid replication site. The first and strongest binding has to be ionic through the side chain @entity1472 group, displacing the bivalent cations. In turn, the two aromatic rings of the fixed (ionically bound) drug molecules bind weakly through pi-electrons, hydrophobically or by a charge transfer complex. This weaker binding together with the ionic one are essential for biologic action and lead to the inhibition of plasmid replication. A schematic model of the effect of tricyclic psychotropic drugs on the bacterial membrane is proposed.

title: Drug-receptor interaction on plasmid elimination by phenothiazines and @entity2645 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Questionnaire data from @entity1 presenting at three @entity25 centers were used to develop and assess a screening tool for @entity387 based on the reporting of the frequency of various symptoms of @entity387 and other @entity25 plus age, body mass index (BMI) and gender. @entity1 were not specifically referred for suspicion of @entity387 . Separate factor analyses of survey responses from 658, 193 and 77 respondents from the first, second and third sites, respectively, each yielded four orthogonal factors, one of which accounted for all the questions concerned with the frequency of @entity387 . The survey was shown to be reliable in a subset of @entity1 from one of the sites (test-retest correlation = 0.92). Survey data were then compared to a clinical measure of @entity387 (respiratory disturbance index) obtained from polysomnography. A multivariable @entity386 risk index including survey responses, age, gender and BMI was estimated using multiple logistic regression in a total sample of 427 respondents from two of the sites. Predictive ability was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the ROC curve was 0.79 (p < 0.0001). For BMI alone, it was 0.73, and for an index measuring the self-report of the frequency of @entity386 , it was 0.70. The multivariable @entity386 risk index has potential utility in clinical settings.

title: A survey screen for prediction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea', 'disordered breathing during sleep']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apnea symptoms']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: The study was carried out in @entity6 @entity1 with foot @entity1066 to determine the microbiological profile of infected @entity1066 , antibiotic resistance of the isolates and to find out the potential risk factors for @entity281 with multidrug resistance and the outcome of these infections. A detailed clinical history and physical examination was carried out in each @entity1 . Pus samples for bacterial culture were collected from 102 @entity1 admitted with @entity6 . All @entity1 had @entity1066 with Texas grades 1-3. Seventeen @entity1 (16.6%) had coexisting @entity4034 . Aerobic gram negative bacilli were tested for extended spectrum b lactamase (ESBL) production by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Staphylococcus isolates were tested for susceptibility to @entity6101 and @entity3398 by disk method. Potential risk factors for MDRO positive samples were explored. Gram negative aerobes were most frequently isolated (63.8%), followed by gram positive aerobes (36.1%) and anaerobes (31.4%). Forty five percent of @entity1 were positive for MDROs. ESBL production and methicillin resistant was noted in 68.5% and 43.2% of bacterial isolates respectively. 34.5% gram negative strains were positive for bla(CTX-M) gene followed by bla(SHV) (23%) and bla( @entity6102 ) (7.4%). Among the anaerobic organism 17(31.4%) from 54 @entity1 , most commonly isolated were Peptostreptococcus sp. (35.2%). MDRO positive status was associated with the presence of @entity16 (P<0.001), @entity4034 (P<0.03), and @entity1066 size >4 cm(2) (P<0.01) [corrected] but not with @entity1 characteristic, @entity2175 , or duration of hospital stay. Poor glycemic control in 68.6% @entity1 , duration of @entity281 >1 month (36.2%) and @entity1066 size >4 cm(2) (75.4%) were independently associated with risk of @entity281 .

title: Clinico-microbiological study and antimicrobial drug resistance profile of XXXX in North India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer type and type of diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic foot infections']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['MDR organisms infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot infections']


abstract: Monochorionic diamniotic twins share a single placenta and have intertwin vascular communications that link the circulatory systems of the twins together. Twin @entity417 - @entity6582 sequence (TAPS) is an atypical form of @entity14244 ( @entity14244 ) caused by net transfer of blood from one fetus to the other and is characterized by large intertwin hemoglobin differences in the absence of @entity2906 and @entity2978 . This condition may develop spontaneously (sTAPS) or as a result of residual vascular communications after prior laser surgery. Because of the relatively low prevalence and lack of clinical awareness, the natural history of sTAPS is unclear and the antenatal treatment remains controversial. Case series of sTAPS have described expectant management with timed delivery, intrauterine blood transfusion, and fetoscopic laser treatment. Favorable outcomes have been described in cases of uncomplicated sTAPS that underwent conservative measures. However, we believe that there may be a subgroup of high-risk or complicated sTAPS @entity1 that may benefit from definitive treatment afforded by fetoscopic laser therapy. We describe 3 complicated cases of sTAPS successfully treated with selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels. In 2 of the cases, placental pathology identified thrombosed fetal vessels of the polycythemic twin.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Treatment of Complicated Spontaneous Twin XXXX Sequence via Fetoscopic Laser Ablation of the Vascular Communications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome', 'TTTS']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia-Polycythemia']


abstract: Testicular biopsy was performed on 51 @entity1 with @entity4810 and 13 normal fertile adults. The biopsied specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. A quantitative evaluation of Leydig cell number was made by determining the mean number of Leydig cells per one cross section of seminiferous tubule in the entire histologic section of each specimen, which was defined as "Leydig cell index". In both oligospermic and azoospermic groups, the Leydig cell index was significantly elevated as compared with in that the normal group, which indicated the presence of @entity1373 in the @entity249 testis. In addition, this index significantly correlated with serum luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels but not with serum @entity251 level. Leydig cells were classified into three types based upon their morphological characteristics. Type I Leydig cells were functionally active and mature ones, with a smooth-surfaced round or oval nucleus, had abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), characteristic mitochondria and relatively few lysosomes. Type II Leydig cells were functionally less active, and contained an irregularly shaped nucleus, less abundant SER, mitochondria with undeveloped cristae and relatively few lysosomes. Type III Leydig cells included immature and regressive cells, which were considered to have almost no hormone secreting function. The immature Leydig cells were spindle-shaped and had few cell organelles. The regressive cells had poorly developed SER and many secondary lysosomes in the cytoplasm. In the normal group, type I Leydig cells are the most numerous but in the @entity249 groups type II Leydig cells are the most numerous. However, in the latter, there is no significant difference in relative number of each Leydig cell type among the groups classified according to the number of sperm or Leydig cell. In summary, @entity1373 observed in the testis of the @entity249 @entity1 was supposed to be induced by the elevation of the serum LH. Despite of the significant increase in Leydig cell number, the serum @entity251 was not elevated, and this was considered to be due to the fact that the @entity5072 cells are mainly composed of functionally less active type II Leydig cells. In addition, especially in the severe @entity5072 group, not only type II but also type I Leydig cells increased in number. However, in this group, the serum @entity251 level was not elevated. Therefore, the function of type I Leydig cells was suggested to be impaired.

title: [A morphological study of the testis in XXXX with @entity4810 --quantification and ultrastructure of Leydig cells].

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic male infertility']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if alemtuzumab consolidation improves response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) after induction chemoimmunotherapy in previously untreated symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1072 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (n = 102) received @entity3118 25 mg/m(2) intravenously days 1 to 5 and rituximab 50 mg/m(2) day 1, 325 mg/m(2) day 3, and 375 mg/m(2) day 5 of cycle 1 and then 375 mg/m(2) day 1 of cycles 2 to 6; @entity3118 plus rituximab (FR) administration was repeated every 28 days for six cycles. Three months after completion of FR, @entity1 with stable disease or better response received subcutaneous alemtuzumab 3 mg day 1, 10 mg day 3, and 30 mg day 5 and then 30 mg three times per week for 5 weeks. RESULTS: Overall response (OR), @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ), and partial response (PR) rates were 90%, 29%, and 61% after FR, respectively; 15% of @entity1 were @entity41 ( @entity41 ) negative. Of 102 @entity1 , 58 received alemtuzumab; 28 (61%) of 46 @entity1 achieving PR after FR attained @entity1939 after alemtuzumab. By intent to treat (n = 102), OR and @entity1939 rates were 90% and 57% after alemtuzumab, respectively; 42% of @entity1 became @entity41 negative. With median follow-up of 36 months, median PFS was 36 months, 2-year PFS was 72%, and 2-year OS was 86%. In @entity1 achieving @entity1939 after FR, alemtuzumab was associated with five deaths resulting from infection (viral and @entity24937 and @entity4502 , cytomegalovirus, and @entity10592 ), which occurred up to 7 months after last therapy. The study was amended to exclude @entity1939 @entity1 from receiving alemtuzumab. CONCLUSION: Alemtuzumab consolidation improved @entity1939 and @entity41 -negative rates after FR induction but caused serious @entity281 in @entity1 who had already achieved @entity1939 after induction and did not improve 2-year PFS or survival.

title: Consolidation therapy with subcutaneous alemtuzumab after @entity3118 and rituximab induction therapy for previously untreated XXXX : final analysis of CALGB 10101.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity24937 :: ('MESH:D008584', 'Disease') :: ['Listeria meningitis']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity4502 :: ('MESH:D007877', 'Disease') :: ['Legionella']

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['complete response', 'CR']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity977 causing @entity11125 are rare in childhood and adolescence. In a review of 2367 @entity1 with @entity977 who were treated between 1970 and 1997, we found 15 cases (0.63%, 9 male and 6 female @entity1 ) of @entity2124 -secreting @entity977 in @entity1 who were less than 20 years of age at the time of surgery, and we compared their characteristics with those of @entity652 in an adult group. METHODS: @entity1 were grouped according to their ages at the first operation, with five @entity1 (33.3%) in the prepubescent group (0-11 yr), eight (53.3%) in the pubescent group (12-17 yr), and two (13.3%) in the postpubescent group (18-19 yr). All 15 @entity1 exhibited the typical symptoms of @entity2124 oversecretion. The incidence of @entity4089 among @entity1 with prepubescent onset was 66.7%. Radiological examinations demonstrated microadenomas in 4 @entity1 (26.7%) and macroadenomas in 11 @entity1 (73.3%). The mean follow-up period was 73.5 months. RESULTS: Direct transnasal explorations were performed for all @entity1 . Tumor invasion into the cavernous sinus was observed in six @entity1 (40%). Radical @entity5 resection was performed for four @entity1 (80%) in the prepubescent group, for five @entity1 (62.5%) in the pubescent group, and for neither @entity1 in the postpubescent group. Surgical morbidity was caused by permanent @entity2010 in three @entity1 (20%). Rapid growth was postoperatively improved in 80% of the prepubescent age group. The recurrence rate was 13.3% (2 of 15 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: Transnasal pituitary surgery was found to be as safe in pediatric @entity1 with @entity11125 as in adults. @entity2124 -secreting @entity977 in childhood and adolescence were more likely to be invasive or aggressive than were those in adulthood. The clinical biological characteristics for @entity1 were different from those for adults.

title: XXXX -secreting @entity977 in childhood and adolescence: features and results of transnasal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary tumors', 'pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['Growth hormone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the experience of a tertiary referral center in @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ) in the last 8 years and to investigate the impact of surgery and site of disease on prognosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of @entity2971 at National @entity5 Institute over an 8 years period. Data concerning diagnosis, surgery and medical decisions were reviewed and analyzed for all @entity1 . A total of 34 @entity1 with (GCTS) were found, with a mean age, at presentation, of 6.7 years and a follow-up period ranging from 3-52 months. One @entity1 with benign GCT was excluded during analysis of the results. RESULTS: Among the 34 @entity1 , there were 14 males and 20 females with mean age of 6.7 years (range: 9 months-15 years), with male to female ratio 1:1.4. All @entity1 were symptomatic at presentation, most commonly with abdominal swelling (18 @entity1 ; 52.9%). Anatomic distribution of @entity2971 according to sex organ involvement was either gonadal in 21 @entity1 (61.8%) or extragonadal in 13 @entity1 (38.2%). All @entity1 had surgery either in the form of curative resection or biopsy after formal exploration and evidence of irresectability. No significant surgical morbidity or mortality were encountered in our @entity1 . @entity2970 and malignant @entity44 were the commonest histologic subtypes in our series. @entity3 was encountered in nine out of 33 @entity1 (27.2%). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 28 out of 33 @entity1 (84.8%), following surgery, including all @entity1 with @entity66 . Our @entity1 were followed-up to 52 months. Twenty-two @entity1 (66.7%) had no recurrence while two @entity1 (6.1%) died from disease. Pelvic extragonadal site was the worst site regarding resectability. Complete surgical resection showed better disease free survival, while those with irresectable disease had comparable overall survival while none could be rendered disease free with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The initial surgical approach to malignant @entity2971 at all sites should be complete resection when possible; the morbidity of extensive surgical resection should be weighed carefully against the @entity5 control with chemotherapy. Surgical staging does not preclude preservation of fertility, which should always be considered in this young age. The site of @entity66 plays a role in the prognosis of @entity2971 with the extragonadal @entity530 being the worst regarding resectability. Good @entity5 response can be achieved with surgery and chemotherapy even for advanced stage and metastatic disease.

title: The role of surgical management in XXXX ( @entity2971 ), NCI case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extragonadal disease', 'primary disease']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['GCTs', 'pediatric germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'good tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['Yolk sac tumor']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['pediatric germ cell tumors']


abstract: Regular @entity591 with wide QRS complexes may be difficult to classify as @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) or @entity67 ( @entity67 ) without electrophysiologic studies. We felt that hemodynamic differences between @entity67 and @entity4710 should allow their distinction by echocardiography. In this study, we utilized high speed M-mode echocardiography in the usual projections in eight @entity1 during @entity591 . Two @entity1 had spontaneous @entity67 and three had spontaneous @entity4710 with aberrant conduction. The remaining three were @entity1 in sinus rhythm undergoing electrophysiologic studies in whom right @entity67 (RV) pacing (induced @entity67 ), right atrial (RA) pacing (induced @entity4710 ) and sequential RV-RA pacing (induced @entity67 with 1:1 retrograde conduction) were carried out. The echocardiographic parameters studied included: left @entity67 internal dimensions, time during which the mitral valve remained open (MVOT), left @entity67 ejection time (LVET) and pre-ejection period. We measured 20 consecutive beats and for each parameter defined its variability. During @entity616 ( @entity67 , RV pacing) there was always a striking beat-to-beat variability in the values of MVOT (68 percent to 129 percent) and in LVET (41 percent to 175 percent). In contrast, during A-V association ( @entity4710 , sequential RV-RA pacing, sinus rhythm) the maximal variability of MVOT and LVET was 22 percent and 12 percent, respectively. Variability during @entity616 could be explained by asynchronous timing of atrial systole. We conclude that echocardiography can readily identify @entity616 , a feature heavily in favor of a diagnosis of @entity67 .

title: A simple echocardiographic method to detect @entity616 . A useful aid in the differential diagnosis of regular XXXX with wide QRS complexes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular dissociation', 'A-V dissociation']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New, effective chemotherapeutic agents are needed for @entity995 . METHODS: This institutional clinical trial sought to estimate the rate of response to 2 courses of @entity1891 and @entity1945 (VT) window therapy in @entity1 with @entity995 and advanced disease (Reese-Ellsworth group IV or V) in at least 1 eye. The @entity1945 dose started at 3 mg/m(2) /day for 5 days and was adjusted to target a systemic exposure of 140    20 ng/mL    hour. The @entity1891 dose was 0.05 mg/kg for @entity1 <12 months of age and 1.5 mg/m(2) for those >12 months of age at diagnosis. RESULTS: From February 2005 to June 2010, 27 @entity1 received VT window therapy. Median age at enrollment was 8.1 months (range, 0.7-22.1 months). Twenty-four @entity1 (88.9%) responded to window therapy (95% confidence interval = 71.3%-96.9%). Hematologic @entity137 comprised grade 4 @entity1398 (n = 27), grade 3 @entity417 (n = 19), and grade 3/4 @entity882 (n = 16). Thirteen @entity1 had grade 3 nonhematologic @entity137 . @entity1261 support was added after 10 @entity1 had been treated, and it significantly reduced the duration of grade 4 @entity1398 (median, 7 vs 24 days; P < .001). Pharmacokinetic studies showed rapid changes in @entity1945 clearance rates during the first year of life. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity1945 and @entity1891 is effective for the treatment of @entity995 . @entity1261 treatment alleviates the duration of grade 4 @entity1398 . Appropriate @entity1945 starting doses for @entity1 0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, and >12 months of age are specified.

title: XXXX and @entity1891 combination is effective against advanced @entity995 and has manageable @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral retinoblastoma', 'intraocular retinoblastoma', 'advanced intraocular retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['Topotecan']