abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively investigate whether the signal intensity (SI) of @entity263 on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images correlates with the Gleason grade at whole-mount step-section pathologic evaluation after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved and issued a waiver of informed consent for this HIPAA-compliant study of 74 @entity1 (median age, 57.5 years; range, 32-72 years) who underwent endorectal MR imaging before radical prostatectomy, with subsequent whole-mount step-section pathologic evaluation, between January 2001 and July 2004. Inclusion criteria were that they had: no prior treatment; at least one lesion of uniform Gleason grade 3 or 4 or with Gleason grade 5 components, with a bidimensional diameter product of 20 mm2 or greater; no high SI on T1-weighted MR images indicative of postbiopsy changes; and an interval of more than 4 weeks between biopsy and MR imaging. SI of @entity263 , nontumor prostatic tissue, and internal obturator muscles was measured on uncorrected and corrected T2-weighted MR images. Correlations between Gleason grades and SI ratios were assessed by using generalized estimating equations. SI ratios in peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) lesions of the same Gleason grade were compared with an unpaired t test. RESULTS: Seventy-nine Gleason grade 3, eight Gleason grade 4, and four mixed Gleason grades 4 and 5 lesions identified at pathologic evaluation were analyzed. Gleason grade correlated significantly with @entity5 -muscle SI ratio for PZ @entity5 on corrected and uncorrected images (P = .006 and <.001, respectively). Higher Gleason grades were associated with @entity11090 ratios. Nontumor-muscle SI ratios did not correlate with @entity1 ' Gleason grades. Tumor-muscle SI ratios were lower in TZ than in PZ @entity5 (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Higher Gleason grades were associated with @entity11090 ratios on T2-weighted MR images. SI evaluation on T2-weighted MR images may facilitate noninvasive assessment of @entity263 @entity146 .

title: Assessment of biologic XXXX of @entity263 : correlation of MR signal intensity with Gleason grade after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['lower tumor-muscle SI']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressiveness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment results of @entity320 are miserable if the @entity5 has spread beyond the soft tissue and lung, in particular, if @entity2699 ( @entity2699 )-based therapy has failed. @entity902 analogs and vinca alkaloids have shown some activity in @entity320 . @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) may augment the efficacy of chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective phase II pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a regimen which contained @entity3003 (450 mg/m(2) on day 1), @entity1206 (30 mg/m(2) on day 1) and @entity1199 (9 MU subcutaneously once daily on days 2-5 and 9-12) in @entity320 . Twenty-two @entity1 (11 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ; median age 56 years) were eligible, of whom 13 had cutaneous, 6 ocular and 3 unknown primary @entity320 . Seventeen @entity1 (77%) had liver metastases and an equal number had received prior chemotherapy and/or interferon-alfa for recurrent disease. RESULTS: One partial response was recorded, yielding a response rate of 4.5% . Nine @entity1 had stable disease for a median of 6.0 months (range 3.0-8.6 months). The median time to progression for all @entity1 was 1.8 months (range 0.7-8.6 months) and the median survival was 7.2 months (range 1.4-42.0 months). @entity137 was moderate but manageable. Myelosuppression was the most significant adverse event. CONCLUSION: This regimen may offer clinical benefit for @entity320 @entity1 with poor prognosis as second-line therapy after DTIC has failed.

title: @entity3003 and @entity1206 combined with subcutaneous @entity1199 in XXXX with poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine', 'DTIC']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: @entity28 and its related emotional and physical consequences are a worldwide problem. Obese individuals are usually stigmatized. This study is proposed to assess the correlation between body mass index, gender and age with @entity146 symptoms among Iranian students. A number of 9172 students aged 10-18 years (53.5% @entity1 and 46.5% @entity1 ) from all provinces of Iran participated in this study. Data was collected using the global school based health survey questionnaire of the World Health Organization (GSHS-WHO). Overall, prevalence of predictors of having emotional problems, @entity308 and @entity148 were 27.8%, 29.7% and 11.5% respectively. @entity1 had significantly higher prevalence of predictors of @entity146 symptoms. Overall @entity28 was a protective factor against @entity26277 (CI95%):0.79(0.65-0.98), but it was attributable to obese @entity1 OR (CI95%):0.72(0.55-0.95). @entity308 and @entity148 were higher in intermediate school @entity1 and high school @entity1 and @entity1 . More attention should be paid to @entity1 ' @entity458 . Besides, @entity28 had an indirect relation with predictors of having @entity146 problems in Iranian @entity1 and it might be due to: (1) parents' beliefs about heaviness as a predictor of healthiness, (2) @entity1 ' lower vulnerability to psychological consequences of @entity28 and (3) lower pressure from parents on their obese sons to lose weight.

title: BMI correlation with XXXX problems among 10-18 years Iranian students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity26277 :: ('MESH:C563848', 'Disease') :: ['emotional problems OR']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3229 and @entity12097 agonists are widely used in @entity6 . In addition to their effects on lipid and @entity413 homeostasis, these agents have been postulated to have independent renoprotective actions. In the current study, we assess the efficacy of the @entity3229 agonist, @entity8445 , the @entity12097 agonist @entity6170 and the non- @entity12585 @entity3229 /gamma coagonist, compound 3q, on kidney structure and function in @entity3839 -treated @entity6970 knockout @entity19 . METHODS: Control and @entity3839 - @entity6 @entity19 were randomized to receive @entity6170 (20 mg/kg/day), @entity8445 (100 mg/kg/day), or compound 3q (3 mg/kg/day) by gavage, or no treatment for a period of 20 weeks. Renal @entity82 was assessed by standard histology and collagen IV immunohistochemistry. Kidney function was assessed by urinary albumin excretion and @entity1011 clearance. RESULTS: @entity6 in this model was associated with an increase in @entity631 , tubulointerstitial @entity82 and increased collagen IV deposition in the glomeruli and tubules. All three agents significantly @entity536 , tubulointerstitial expansion and collagen IV deposition. The increase in @entity633 and the @entity8 associated with @entity6 in this model were also attenuated by each of these agents, with no superiority observed among various treatment groups. These renoprotective effects were observed in the absence of changes in @entity413 , insulin or lipid levels or a reduction in blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Combined with their independent anti- @entity731 actions, and their important effects on dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, @entity3229 agonists may be useful for the prevention of @entity2412 , including @entity8 , even in type 1 @entity6 .

title: PPAR-alpha and -gamma agonists attenuate diabetic kidney disease in the XXXX knockout @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease', 'decline in kidney function']

entities_list: @entity3229 :: ('19013(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PPAR-alpha', 'Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha', 'PPAR']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

answer: @entity6970 :: (11816(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: PURPOSE: The expression of @entity32879 was investigated in @entity189 of @entity1494 and in normal @entity1494 samples. The effects of @entity32879 on cell proliferation, motility, and invasion were further explored in @entity150 cell line 5637. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of @entity32879 in 20 @entity150 samples and 7 normal @entity1494 samples were detected by Western blot. Fibuin-5 cDNA was cloned into p-EGFP-N1 vector and transfected into @entity150 cell line 5637. Growth curves were estimated by the @entity2454 assay and cell number count. The migration and invasion of the transfected cells and the control cells were measured by Boyden chamber assay. RESULTS: Compared with 1.16    0.28 in the normal control, the mean    SD expression of @entity32879 in low grade @entity5 and high grade @entity5 were 0.57    0.32 and 0.44    0.42 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.018, respectively), while the expression in Ta-T1 @entity5 and T2+ @entity5 were 0.55    0.31 and 0.49    0.43 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015, respectively). The differences between low grade and high grade @entity5 or Ta-T1 and T2+ @entity5 were not statistically significant (P = 0.362 and P = 0.589, respectively). The growth rate of the @entity32879 transfected GFP-F5 cells was remarkably reduced than that of the untransfected cells or the empty vector transfected GFP-t cells. Besides, compared with control cells, the GFP-F5 cells showed significant inhibition of cell invasion with slight inhibition of cell migration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity32879 is down-regulated in @entity189 of @entity1494 and acts as a @entity5 suppressor gene by inhibiting proliferation and invasion of @entity150 cells.

title: @entity32879 is down-regulated in XXXX of @entity1494 and inhibits growth and invasion of human @entity150 cell line 5637.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity943 (junctional ectopic @entity591 [JET] and @entity4710 ) frequently complicate recovery from open heart surgery in @entity1 and can be difficult to manage. Medical treatment of JET can result in significant morbidity. Our goal was to develop a nonpharmacological approach using autonomic stimulation of selective fat pad (FP) regions of the heart in a young @entity235 model of open heart surgery to control 2 common postoperative @entity943 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight mongrel @entity235 , varying in age from 5 to 8 months and weighting 22  4 kg, underwent open heart surgery replicating a nontransannular approach to tetralogy of Fallot repair. Neural stimulation of the right inferior FP was used to control the ventricular response to @entity943 . Right inferior FP stimulation decreased baseline AV nodal conduction without altering sinus cycle length. AV node Wenckebach cycle length prolonged from 270  33 to 352  89 ms, P=0.02. @entity955 occurred in 7 animals, simulating a rapid @entity4710 . FP stimulation slowed the ventricular response rate from 166  58 to 63  29 beats per minute, P<0.001. Postoperative JET occurred in 7 @entity235 . FP stimulation slowed the ventricular rate during postoperative JET from 148  31 to 106  32 beats per minute, P<0.001, and restored sinus rhythm in 7/7 @entity235 . CONCLUSIONS: Right inferior FP stimulation had a selective effect on the AV node, and slowed the ventricular rate during postoperative JET and @entity4710 in our young @entity235 open heart surgery model. FP stimulation may be a useful new technique for managing @entity1 with JET and @entity4710 .

title: Nonpharmacologic control of postoperative XXXX using AV nodal fat pad stimulation in a young animal open heart surgical model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'Supraventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 complained of upper @entity490 for several weeks, getting worse and radiating towards the left shoulder in the 24 hours preceding her hospital admission. Plain X-ray film of the abdomen revealed plaque-like calcifications projecting onto the tail of the pancreas. Ultrasound imaging demonstrated @entity9440 with free intra-abdominal fluid. During an emergency laparotomy the spleen was removed. At first the postoperative course was uneventful. But @entity158 recurred a few days after discharge. Serum amylase and lipase concentrations were elevated (280 U/l and 553 U/l, respectively). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed @entity1689 with a 3 cm @entity9007 in the tail of the pancreas. A papillotomy was performed, after which the symptoms rapidly regressed and the pancreatic enzyme concentrations fell. This was thus a case of spontaneous @entity9440 associated with previously undiagnosed @entity1689 with @entity1377 and @entity9007 in the pancreatic tail.

title: [Spontaneous XXXX in @entity1689 ].

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory papillary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

answer: @entity9440 :: (MESH:D013161,Disease) :: ['splenic rupture']


abstract: In film-based intracavitary brachytherapy for @entity5 , position of the rectal markers may not accurately represent the anterior rectal wall. This study was aimed at analyzing the variability of rectal dose estimation as a result of interfractional variation of marker placement. A cohort of five @entity1 treated with multiple-fraction tandem and ovoid @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy was studied. The cervical os point and the orientation of the applicators were matched among all fractional plans for each @entity1 . Rectal points obtained from all fractions were then input into each clinical treated plan. New fractional rectal doses were obtained and a new cumulative rectal dose for each @entity1 was calculated. The maximum interfractional variation of distances between rectal dose points and the closest source positions was 1.1 cm. The corresponding maximum variability of fractional rectal dose was 65.5%. The percentage difference in cumulative rectal dose estimation for each @entity1 was 5.4%, 19.6%, 34.6%, 23.4%, and 13.9%, respectively. In conclusion, care should be taken when using rectal markers as reference points for estimating rectal dose in @entity1168 cervical brachytherapy. The best estimate of true rectal dose for each fraction should be determined by the most anterior point among all fractions.

title: Variability of marker-based rectal dose evaluation in XXXX cervical brachytherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['HDR']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Tomatoes are rich in @entity14319 . This study explored the efficacy of a @entity14319 -rich @entity523 product in @entity342 -independent @entity263 and the reasons @entity1 participated in an "alternative medicine" study. METHODS: This Phase II study evaluated 46 @entity1 with @entity342 -independent @entity263 . All were asymptomatic and had serum @entity1486 elevation despite hormonal manipulation. All @entity1 completed a questionnaire on their motivations for enrolling in an "alternative medicine" study. @entity1 were prescribed a @entity14319 -rich @entity523 supplement at a @entity14319 dose of 15 mg twice daily. RESULTS: One @entity1 manifested a @entity5 response with a 50% or greater confirmed decline in serum @entity1486 level, yielding a response rate of 2%. @entity14319 was well tolerated, but 1 @entity1 died of a @entity5 , and 1 had grade 4 @entity294 . Grade 1 or 2 events included @entity294 in 18, @entity390 in 12, abdominal distension in 8, flatulence in 2, @entity391 in 2, @entity448 in 1, and @entity2210 in 1. The reasons for entering the trial are discussed and were overall positive. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14319 , as prescribed in our study, did not appear effective for @entity342 -independent @entity263 . The @entity1 ' reasons for enrolling in this trial were positive and realistic.

title: A @entity523 -based, @entity14319 -containing intervention for XXXX -independent @entity263 : results of a Phase II study from the North Central @entity5 Treatment Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity14319 :: ('MESH:C015329', 'Chemical') :: ['lycopene', 'Lycopene']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have found correlations between @entity6 and an increased prevalence of @entity2521 . OBJECTIVE: To analyse, in a group of subjects with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), (i) the association between medical characteristics and @entity2520 and (ii) dental care habits and knowledge of oral health. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-one subjects with @entity2175 were examined. Based on assessment of marginal bone height in panoramic radiographs, two periodontal subgroups were identified: one periodontally diseased (PD+) and one periodontally healthy (PD-) group. All subjects completed a questionnaire about their medical and oral health. RESULTS: Twenty per cent of the subjects were classified as PD+. This was verified by clinical parameters. PD+ individuals had higher haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (p=0.033) and higher prevalences of @entity65 (p=0.012). They were also less likely to be of Scandinavian origin (p=0.028) and more likely to smoke (p<0.001) than the PD- group. The PD+ group rated their oral health as poor (p<0.0001) and believed that @entity2175 had an influence on their oral status (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The best predictor for @entity2520 in subjects with @entity2175 is smoking followed by HbA1c levels. @entity2175 subjects should be informed about the increased risk for @entity2520 when suffering from @entity2175 .

title: Type 2 XXXX and risk for @entity2520 : a role for dental health awareness.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'severe periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In more than two thirds of cases, @entity10208 begins in the first 3 years of life with an acute encephalopathic crisis with @entity2421 or generalized @entity2003 , @entity308 , @entity146 , @entity410 , and @entity3519 . The clinical histories were reviewed for 13 @entity10208 @entity1 (9 male, 4 female; mean age, 8.7 months; range, 3-15 months) with encephalopathic crisis seen at Sant Joan de D  u Hospital, to describe the clinical features and the initial electroencephalographic (EEG) findings. Twelve of the @entity1 (92%) had paroxysmal episodes at onset. Other clinical features included @entity146 (12/13), @entity308 (11/13), and @entity2421 (7/13). All @entity1 evolved to @entity3520 . Thirty-five EEGs were recorded in the acute stage and during the first year of follow-up. Spike discharges on EEG were observed in only 2 of the 13 @entity1 , and 8 had slow background activity. No @entity1 developed @entity410 during follow-up. @entity410 may be part of the symptomatology at the onset of @entity10208 , but most paroxysmal movements appear to be @entity3520 . This hypothesis is supported by four facts: @entity410 do not occur after @entity3520 is noticed, EEG paroxysms are infrequent in the acute stage, antiepileptic drugs are not needed in the long term, and @entity302 is rare in the follow-up.

title: @entity410 versus @entity3519 in encephalopathic crisis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic depression']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic tetraparesis', 'dystonic episodes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity10208 :: ('MESH:D054069', 'Disease') :: ['glutaric aciduria type I']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity10208 :: (MESH:D054069,Disease) :: ['glutaric aciduria type I']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Antidepressants (ADs) are the mainstay of treatment for @entity308 ( @entity308 ). Despite their widespread usage, a consensus does not exist as to the timing of clinically significant symptomatic improvement during an @entity195 trial. The objective of this review is to provide practitioners with empirically based recommendations pertaining to the optimal duration of index (initial) @entity195 therapy before a clinical intervention is warranted. METHODS: We conducted a nonsystematic review, using a combination of a MeSH key word search, Google Scholar, and the Scopus database. Our search strategy focused on research papers reporting on the early symptomatic response to @entity195 therapy. RESULTS: Available evidence suggests that there are several subpopulations that exist within whole-group data assigned to an @entity195 treatment. Among the responder subgroups, an early responder group (that is, less than 3 weeks) and later responder group (that is, 3 weeks or more) are identified. @entity1 who exhibit early partial symptomatic improvement are more likely to respond to therapy thereafter. However, the interpretability of extant evidence is complicated by the use of disparate statistical approaches with differing computational complexity and sample heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Response outcomes in @entity308 are heterogeneous. Available data suggest that @entity1 may respond early, late, and (or) continuously over time, and may represent distinct subpopulations that provide a proximate indication for treatment response outcomes. Notwithstanding, a pragmatic recommendation would be to consider a treatment intervention (for example, dosage optimization and [or] augmentation) if, after 3 to 4 weeks, symptomatic improvement is insufficient.

title: Predicting treatment response in XXXX : the impact of early symptomatic improvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depressive disorder']


abstract: Normal erythropoiesis involves differentiation of uncommitted stem cells through committed erythroid precursors into cells specialized for hemoglobin synthesis. Several aspects of this developmental sequence may be studied in @entity19 erythroleukemic cells infected with Friend virus complex. These cells are arrested at the proerythroblast stage, yet capable of continuous growth in vitro. Maturation along an erythroid pathway is induced after treatment with a variety of agents (e.g. @entity3733 , @entity4877 , hemin, @entity7832 ). Following induction, the cells morphologically resemble normoblasts, accumulate globin mRNAs and strain-specific globins, increase @entity1446 synthesis and acquire erythrocyte membrane antigens. Cloned populations of erythroleukemic cells mature in a nonhomogeneous fashion upon induction, indicative of a stochastic response in the inductive process. This "probability of differentiation" phenotype is formally analogous to stem cell development in which hematopoietic precursor cells form a constant, dividing population from which cells are continuously maturing. Although the sequence of events involved in triggering differentiation is uncertain, cloning and cell hybridization experiments demonstrate that this phenotype is under rather stable genetic (or epigenetic) control. Recent molecular analysis shows that induced differentiation is accompanied by transcriptional activation of the globin genes rather than posttranscriptional stabilization of the globin RNAs. Further application of cellular, molecular and genetic approaches in this system may help to define specific control mechanisms in erythroid development.

title: Differentiation of XXXX erythroleukemic (Friend) cells: an in vitro model of erythropoiesis.

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['butyric acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify a new @entity19 mutation developing early-onset dominant @entity2000 , to determine the causative gene mutation, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Retinal phenotype was examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy, histology, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and electroretinography. Causative gene mutation was determined by genomewide linkage analysis and DNA sequencing. Structural modeling was used to predict the impact of the mutation on protein structure. RESULTS: An ENU-mutagenized @entity19 line (R3), displaying @entity989 patches, was identified by fundus examination. Homozygous R3/R3 @entity19 lost photoreceptors rapidly, leaving only a single row of photoreceptor nuclei at postnatal day 18. The a- and b-waves of ERG were flat in R3/R3 @entity19 , whereas heterozygous R3/+ @entity19 showed reduced amplitude of a- and b-waves. The R3/+ @entity19 had a slower rate of photoreceptor cell loss than compound heterozygous R3/- @entity19 with a null mutant allele. The R3 mutation was mapped and verified to be a @entity1999 point mutation, a @entity32919 for a @entity32920 substitution. The side chain of @entity534 (185) impacted on the extracellular loop of the protein. Mutant @entity1999 - @entity32920 protein accumulated in the photoreceptor inner segments, cellular bodies, or both. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1999 @entity32920 mutation leads to severe @entity2000 in R3 mutant @entity19 . A dosage-dependent accumulation of misfolded mutant proteins likely triggers or stimulates the death of rod photoreceptors. The presence of a wild-type @entity1999 allele can delay the loss of photoreceptor cells in R3/+ @entity19 .

title: Severe @entity2000 caused by a novel XXXX mutation.

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated retinal vessels and pigmented']

answer: @entity1999 :: (212541(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['rhodopsin']


abstract: @entity6313 is the most frequently encountered nail disease and may be difficult to diagnose and treat. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, the clinical and mycological characteristics of @entity6313 in central Tunisia. It is a retrospective study performed over a 22-year period (1986-2007). It included 7151 @entity1 (4709 @entity1 and 2442 @entity1 ) with suspected fingernails and/or toenails @entity6313 . The @entity1 were referred to the Mycology-Parasitology Laboratory of Farhat Hached hospital in Sousse for mycological examination. Both direct microscopy and culture of the nail material were performed to diagnose and identify the causative fungal species. @entity6313 was confirmed in 78.6% of investigated @entity1 (5624/7151). The positivity rate was higher in @entity1 as compared with @entity1 . In both @entity1 and @entity1 , fingernails were most frequently involved than toenails. No significant relation was found between gender and toenails @entity6313 , whereas fingernails were frequently involved in @entity1 . As far as aetiological agents are considered, dermatophytes, @entity375 and moulds were responsible for 49.9%, 47.4% and 2.7% of onyxis cases respectively. In fingernail infections, @entity375 were the most frequent fungi (83.6%), @entity5132 being the leading species (51.6%). In contrast, in toenail infections, dermatophytes were more frequent (74.1%). @entity12734 was by far the dominant species (88.1%). @entity375 were observed more frequently in @entity1 whereas dermatophytes were more common in @entity1 . Moulds were involved in 4.2% of cases. The most frequent species were Aspergillus sp. and Chrysosporium sp. @entity6313 is a frequent disease in central Tunisia. @entity12734 is the predominant agent in toenails infection and @entity375 , mainly @entity5132 , in fingernails @entity6313 .

title: Clinical and mycological features of XXXX in central Tunisia: a 22 years retrospective study (1986-2007).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['Onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum', 'T. rubrum']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: Incidence of early @entity204 ( @entity16718 ) and associated changes in serum @entity701 , @entity1420 and plasma @entity620 (AA) in transported mares were investigated. Mares were transported for 472 km (9 h) during either d 16 to 22 (T-3 wk, n = 15) or d 32 to 38 (T-5 wk, n = 15) of gestation. Blood samples were drawn from control, nontransported mares (NT-3 wk, NT-5 wk, n = 24) and transported mares pre-trip, midtrip, and at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post-transport and daily for the next 2 wk. Incidence of @entity16718 between transported and nontransported mares was not different (P greater than .05). Serum @entity701 in all transported mares increased (P less than .05) relative to pre-trip values at midtrip and 0 h post-transport. Relative to NT mares, serum @entity701 was higher (P less than .05) at midtrip in T-3 wk mares and 0 h post-transport in T-5 wk mares. Serum @entity1420 in all T mares increased (P less than .05) at midtrip relative to pre-trip values and was higher (P less than .05) in T-3 wk mares than in NT-3 wk mares at midtrip and 0 h post-transport. Post-transport decreases (P less than .05) in concentrations of @entity1420 were observed in mares that aborted. Plasma AA in transported mares increased (P less than .05) at midtrip in T-5 wk mares and decreased (P less than .05) relative to pre-trip values at 24 and 48 h post-transport (T-3 wk and T-5 wk mares, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of transportation on early XXXX in mares.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['embryonic death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical efficacy of danlou tablet (DT) in treating @entity301 ( @entity301 ) @entity1 of phlegm and stasis @entity3885 (PSMOS). METHODS: Totally 66 @entity301 @entity1 of PSMOS were recruited from four centers (Beijing Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Hubei Union Hospital). They were assigned to two groups according to the random digit table, the treatment group (treated by DT +Western medicine) and the control group (treated by Western medicine), 33 in each group. All @entity1 took Western medicine. @entity1 in the treatment group were given DT, 1.5 g each time, twice daily, while those in the control group took DT placebo. The treatment course was 28 days for all. The efficacy of @entity951 , the @entity951 attack frequency, its duration, the score of @entity951 , the numbers of @entity308 and flat or inversed T wave, the lead number of inversed T wave, the @entity951 relief time after taking @entity1242 , the amount of @entity1242 were observed in the two groups. The changes of Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome scores, including the duration and frequency of chest tightness and @entity158 , @entity1353 , fatigue, palpitation, spontaneous sweating, and total syndrome score were compared before and after treatment. The changes of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), @entity35685 (HCY), soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L), @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ), and @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) were also observed in both groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate was significantly higher in the treatment group (26/32 cases, 81.2%) when compared with the control group (13/30 cases, 43.3%, P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment in the same group, the duration and frequency of chest tightness and @entity158 , the score of @entity951 , the numbers of @entity308 and flat or inversed T wave, the lead number of inversed T wave, the @entity951 relief time after taking @entity1242 , the amount of @entity1242 , the duration and frequency of chest tightness and @entity158 , hs-CRP, sCD40L, HCY, @entity650 , @entity1495 , @entity3335 were lowered after treatment in both groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The @entity4725 level decreased in the treatment group, while it increased in the control group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group after treatment, the duration and frequency of chest tightness and @entity158 , the score of @entity951 , the @entity951 relief time after taking @entity1242 , the amount of @entity1242 , the duration and frequency of chest tightness and @entity158 score, the levels of hs-CRP, sCD40L, HCY, @entity650 , @entity1495 , @entity3335 , and @entity4725 were lowered in the treatment group after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DT could improve @entity301 @entity1 ' clinical symptoms, inhibit the inflammation reaction, showing plaque stabilizing and anti-oxidization effects.

title: [Efficacy assessment of treating @entity1 with XXXX and stasis @entity3885 by Danlou tablet].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity35685 :: ('MESH:C007956', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteic acid']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease angina', 'CHDA']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['mutual obstruction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, fatigue, the total syndrome', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-9', 'MMP-9']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecular-1', 'VCAM-1']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease angina of phlegm']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of @entity12913 ( @entity12913 ) in the feeding regulation in fish. We examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) @entity12913 administration on food intake in satiated @entity2083 , at different time intervals postinjection (0-2, 2-8 and 0-8 h). Food intake was significantly increased by i.c.v. administered @entity12913 (1 microg) at 2 h postinjection, while no significant differences in food intake were observed after i.p. treatment. The @entity12913 receptor antagonist, @entity12913 -(27-36), totally counteracted the stimulatory action of @entity12913 on feeding. The possible involvement of @entity12913 in the eating behavior evoked by food deprivation has been investigated. Food deprivation by either 24 or 72 h significantly increased feeding, and the @entity12913 receptor antagonist attenuated such feeding stimulation. From our findings, we suggest, first, that @entity12913 is involved in feeding central regulation in @entity2083 , acting via specific @entity12913 receptors, and second, that hypothalamic @entity12913 would be released in response to food deprivation, contributing to generate the consequent eating behavior stimulation in @entity2083 .

title: Neuropeptide Y has a stimulatory action on feeding behavior in @entity2083 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity2083 :: ('7957', 'Species') :: ['Carassius auratus', 'goldfish']

entities_list: @entity12913 :: ('MESH:C536297', 'Disease') :: ['neuropeptide Y', 'NPY']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['Carassius auratus']


abstract: Alkaline phosphatase (APase) of @entity796 exists primarily in the periplasmic region of the cell, i.e., between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer tripartite layer. The enzyme is also found in the culture filtrate or associated with the outer layer of the cell wall. APase forms a complex with released outer cell wall material, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with the complex. Since the enzyme was purified to homogeneity, it became desirable to determine whether complex formation with LPS , or the outer cell wall, affected any properties of the purified phosphatase. The ratio of activities of purified APase with @entity7480 and @entity621 as substrates is about 4:1. The ratio of activities with enzyme complexed with LPS is about 1:1. The energy of activation of @entity969 or @entity1760 released enzyme is 9500 cal/mol whereas the values for purified enzyme plus LPS, purified enzyme, purified enzyme plus @entity3633 (PE), and purified enzyme plus LPS plus PE range from 3400 to 8700 cal/mol. These changes occur in the physiological temperature range, 27 to 39C, of this organism. @entity969 -released enzyme in the presence of substrate is inactivated at 47C whereas pure enzyme plus substrate is affected at 41C. The addition of LPS, PE, or a combination of both increases the temperature of inactivation from 45 to 51C. The results suggest that certain properties of the purified enzyme differ from those of the enzyme released from whole cells by either @entity969 or @entity1760 resuspension. The addition of cell wall components such as LPS and PE to purified APase restores these properties. The addition of cell wall components such as LPS and PE to purified APase restores these properties. The evidence suggests that artificial complex formation changes the environment of the enzyme protein such that the environment now resembles that which exists within the whole cell wall.

title: In vitro studies of an alkaline phosphatase-cell wall complex from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7480 :: ('MESH:C008644', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrophenylphosphate']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity621 :: ('MESH:C031463', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-glycerolphosphate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['Sucrose', 'sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: The effect of @entity4689 (AI), angiotensin II (AII), [des-asp1]AI, [des-asp1]AII and [des-asp1-arg2]AII on @entity228 production in isolated fasciculata cells from @entity291 adrenals has been studied. AII and [des-asp1]AII in concentrations ranging from 10(-9)M to 10(-6)M had a potent stimulatory effect on @entity134 biosynthesis. The dose-response curves for both peptides were identical. AI was about 3 times less potent than AII and [des-asp1]AII. The effect of AI was not due to its conversion to AII. [Des-asp1]AI was as active as AI. No significant conversion to [des-asp1]AII was observed. [Des-asp1-arg2]AII had only a minimal effect on steroidogenesis. The structural analog [sar1,-ala8]AII inhibited all angiotensins specifically and competitively. The affinity of the cellular binding site was higher for AII and [des-asp1]AII than for [sar1,ala8] @entity981 , but lower for AI and [des-asp1]AI than for the inhibitor. Combination of submaximal doses of AI and AII resulted in an additive effect on @entity134 production. By contrast, combination of maximal doses of both peptides had the same effect as AII alone. These data demonstrate a potent steroidogenic activity for AII as well as AI, [des-asp1]AI and [des-asp1]AII in @entity291 @entity774 cells. A common receptor site for all four peptides is suggested.

title: Stimulation of corticosteroid biosynthesis by @entity4689 [des-asp1] @entity4689 , angiotensin II and [des-asp1]-angiotensin II in @entity291 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity4689 :: ('MESH:D000803', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin I']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal fasciculata']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal fasciculata']


abstract: Isoenzymes of the liver tissue @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDG) were examined in 37 @entity1 with micro- and macronodular @entity82 . LDG isoenzymes were studied by histochemical and cytophotometrical methods, electrophoresis in @entity2975 gel, densitometry. The results were treated statistically. Uneven (mosaic) distribution of LDG activity in hepatocytes was observed in hepatocirrhosis. Different hepatocytes and fibroblasts had dissimilar sets of LDG isoenzymes. Anodal isoenzymes showed a higher activity in the bile duct epithelium. Cathodal isoenzymes in hepatocytes were localized mostly near the external cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. Micronodular cirrhoses are characterized by an increased activity of LDG2 and LDG3 and a decreased activity of LDG5 in the liver tissue. Macronodular cirrhoses are characterized by a decreased activity of LDG1 and LDG3 and an increased activity of LDG5. In the presence of hepatocyte insufficiency the activity of LDG1 decreased. Changes in the liver tissue LDG isoenzymes profile is due to a number of degenerative and regeneratory lesions typical of the cirrhotic process. The determination of the profile of the liver tissue LDG isoenzymes is important for the establishment of the type of @entity82 , the degree of @entity519 , the intensity of regeneration processes, and the effectiveness of the therapy given to the @entity1 .

title: [Liver tissue @entity880 dehydrogenase isoenzymes in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity511 is a rare @entity25364 that is most commonly encountered in the cricoid cartilage and is optimally treated by surgical excision. It is typically a slow-growing malignancy with well-defined margins and a minimal risk of @entity3 ; however, radiographic imaging studies often appear ominous if the clinician correlates these findings to the biological behavior of epithelial @entity5 . Furthermore, the fact that the @entity5 's epicenter is usually under the cricoarytenoid joint can lead to airway and @entity51 before and after operation. Although many surgeons opt for function-sparing resection approaches, it is commonplace for some surgeons to injudiciously perform total laryngectomy as the initial treatment because of the rarity, large size, location, and appearance of these @entity5 on imaging studies. A retrospective review was done on 10 cases of cricoid @entity511 to gain insight into the treatment strategies designed to preserve laryngeal function while minimizing the risk of local recurrence. We performed surgical resection in 8 of the 10 @entity1 ; 2 underwent endoscopic removal and 6 underwent transcervical partial laryngectomy. All are free of disease with good voice and swallowing function. One @entity1 developed a limited recurrence and required a second transcervical partial laryngectomy. Function-sparing surgical treatment of @entity511 of the cricoid cartilage can usually be achieved. Surgeons should carefully modify the core principles of epithelial @entity5 surgery techniques, adjusting to the different biological behavior of @entity511 .

title: Function preservation surgery in @entity1 with XXXX of the cricoid cartilage.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal chondrosarcomas', 'chondrosarcoma', 'Chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['voice deficits']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity25364 :: ('MESH:D007822', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal neoplasm']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: A molecular epidemiological study on common diarrheal viruses was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between October 2002 and September 2003. Fecal samples were collected from 1,010 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity697 . Those samples were screened for groups A, B, and C rotavirus, adenovirus, genogroups I and II norovirus (NoV), sapovirus (SaV), and @entity11679 (HAstV) by RT-multiplex PCR, and the positive specimens were characterized further by ELISA, nested PCR, or sequencing. Among the diarrheal viruses detected, @entity7414 was the most common, with a proportion of 67.4%, whereas NoV GII, adenovirus, SaV, and HAstV were also found in 5.5, 3.2, 0.8, and 0.6%, respectively. It is noteworthy that the @entity12388 was first reported in Vietnam, with a proportion of 0.5% in this study. Fifty-six of 1,010 (5.5%) samples were found positive with more than one viral agent, in which 25 samples contained both @entity7414 and NoV GII. @entity7414 could be identified throughout year with the peaks in both the dry and rainy season, whereas other viruses prevailed mainly in the rainy season. G-typing for the @entity7414 showed that genotype 1 was still the most prevailing (33.0%), but interestingly, serotype 9 was emergent and became the third most common rotavirus G-type in these samples (13.7%). The four most common G-P combinations globally, G1P[8], @entity19296 [4], G3P[8], and G4P[8] were found in 46.8% of rotavirus-positive samples, and it is of interest that one unusual rotavirus G9P[19] strain was first detected in Vietnam. The majority of NoV strains belonged to GII/4, and SaV strains mainly clustered with the @entity6475 (GI/1). Twenty-seven out of 32 adenovirus strains were identified as serotype 41. All HAstVs belonged to genotype 1. The results indicated clearly the impact of viral agents causing @entity1902 and the importance of vaccination against @entity294 in Vietnam.

title: Diversity of viruses associated with XXXX in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity294 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity12388 :: ('36427', 'Species') :: ['group C rotavirus']

entities_list: @entity11679 :: ('12702', 'Species') :: ['human astrovirus']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Manchester strain']

entities_list: @entity19296 :: ('p|SUB|G|2|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G2P']

entities_list: @entity7414 :: ('28875', 'Species') :: ['Group A rotavirus', 'group A rotavirus']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute gastroenteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neointimal @entity1373 is considered to be the major cause of @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) failure, resulting in vein wall thickening, @entity850 and, ultimately, occlusion. Ultrasound (US) has been shown to be effective for detecting these morphological changes in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to develop an experimental @entity2548 model in the @entity35 that shows typical features of @entity292 maturation and allows longitudinal monitoring of @entity292 veins by high-resolution ultrasound. METHODS: AVFs were created by a handsewn end-to-side anastomosis between the femoral vein and the femoral artery in 15 @entity35 . A group of sham-operated animals (n = 3) served as controls. Time-related functional and morphological @entity2548 characteristics were assessed up to 12 weeks using ultrasound (15-MHz transducer) and were correlated to histopathological changes. RESULTS: All @entity35 survived surgery, and the patency rate was 93%. US showed a 2-fold increase in the @entity292 vein diameter and mean flow velocity as well as a 4-fold increase in the intima-media thickness without significant luminal loss. The afferent femoral artery exhibited no change in intima-media thickness and only minimal adaptive increases in diameter and flow velocity. Histological evaluation confirmed these observations. CONCLUSIONS: Our @entity2548 model in the @entity35 demonstrates maturation effects in @entity292 veins similar to typical clinical findings in haemodialysis @entity1 . Noninvasive ultrasound proved to be a valuable tool for longitudinal in vivo monitoring of the @entity292 in this rodent model.

title: Functional and structural response of arterialized femoral veins in a rodent AV XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: Dietary @entity1718 , particularly @entity1426 ( @entity12335 ), affect @entity701 and may influence the expression of genes involved in stress response in fish. The involvement of @entity12335 on stress, lipid, and @entity9610 metabolism genes, in @entity16988 , was tested. Post-larvae were fed Artemia presenting graded @entity12335 levels (0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.7, and 2.3%, dry matter basis), from 22 to 35 days after hatch. Whole-body @entity701 levels were determined, before and 3 h after a 2 min air exposure, as well as the expression of phospholipase A2 (PLA 2 ), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), @entity7954 carboxykinase (PEPCK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa). Relative growth rate (6.0-7.8% day(-1)) and survival at the end of the experiment (91-96%) and after stress (100%) were unaffected. Fish reflected dietary @entity12335 content and post-stress @entity701 increased with @entity12335 supply up to 1.7%, whereas 2.3% @entity12335 seemed to enhance basal @entity701 slightly and alter the response to stress. Results suggested that elevating StAR transcription might not be necessary for a short-term response to acute stress. Basal @entity701 and PLA 2 expression were strongly correlated, indicating a potential role for this enzyme in steroidogenesis. Under basal conditions, larval @entity12335 was associated with GR1 expression, whereas the glucocorticoid responsive gene PEPCK was strongly related with @entity701 but not GR1 mRNA levels, suggesting the latter might not reflect the amount of GR1 protein in sole. Furthermore, a possible role for PPARa in the expression of PEPCK following acute stress is proposed.

title: Effects of dietary XXXX on @entity701 production and gene expression in stress response in @entity16988 ( @entity16988 ) post-larvae.

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity16988 :: ('28829', 'Species') :: ['Senegalese sole']

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: The dissolution behaviour of disassociated cellulosic materials in @entity9105 / @entity13557 ( @entity9106 / @entity4113 ) was investigated. The parameters monitored were chromatographic elution profiles and recovered mass by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with RI detection. In order to elucidate the impact of the disassembly on cellulosic fibres, comparative studies were performed with the non-disassociated cellulose counterparts. The importance of the presence of water was addressed by Karl Fischer titration and solvent exchange experiments. Morphological changes during the dissolution process were studied by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Dissolution of fibrillated cellulosic materials is impeded compared to the non-fibrillated material. This is a consequence of the high-surface-area fibrils prone to retain high amounts of water. Dissolution behaviour of nano-crystalline cellulosic materials appeared to be source-dependent. Due to the absence of entangled networks, these materials retain only water bound at the surface of the nano-crystallites, indicative of both the exposed surface area and solubility. The small cellulose nano-particles extracted from dissolving pulp show lower solubility compared to the large NCC particles from @entity2708 .

title: Nano-cellulosic materials: the impact of water on their dissolution in @entity9106 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity9105 :: ('MESH:C013959', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethylacetamide']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity4113 :: (CHEBI:48607,Chemical) :: ['LiCl']


abstract: The Crc protein is a translational repressor that recognizes a specific target at some mRNAs, controlling catabolite repression and co-ordinating @entity505 metabolism in pseudomonads. In @entity796 , the levels of free Crc protein are controlled by CrcZ, a sRNA that sequesters Crc, acting as an antagonist. We show that, in @entity15250 , the levels of free Crc are controlled by CrcZ and by a novel 368 nt sRNA named CrcY. CrcZ and CrcY, which contain six potential targets for Crc, were able to bind Crc specifically in vitro. The levels of CrcZ and CrcY were low under conditions generating a strong catabolite repression, and increased strongly when catabolite repression was absent. Deletion of either crcZ or crcY had no effect on catabolite repression, but the simultaneous absence of both sRNAs led to constitutive catabolite repression that compromised growth on some @entity505 sources. Overproduction of CrcZ or CrcY significantly reduced repression. We propose that CrcZ and CrcY act in concert, sequestering and modulating the levels of free Crc according to metabolic conditions. The CbrA/CbrB two-component system activated crcZ transcription, but had little effect on crcY. CrcY was detected in @entity15250 , @entity11763 and @entity3437 , but not in @entity796 .

title: Two small RNAs, CrcY and CrcZ, act in concert to sequester the Crc global regulator in XXXX , modulating catabolite repression.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas putida', 'P. putida']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae']

answer: @entity15250 :: (303,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas putida']


abstract: PURPOSE: Local direct delivery of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of @entity1313 is an area of focus in the development of new therapeutic paradigms. These techniques need improvement, especially in terms of drug retention in brain tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we used a @entity35 @entity11 model to examine @entity3003 distribution, as measured by @entity902 penetration, after delivery via interstitial continuous (i.c.) infusion. We also examined @entity35 survival times in response to @entity3003 and @entity901 . I.C. infusion, a modified version of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) for local drug delivery, uses low volume (1 microl per hour) continuous infusion directly into the @entity5 . RESULTS: I.C. infusion produced a nearly 360-fold higher concentration of @entity902 in @entity5 tissue and significantly prolonged rodent survival time compared to intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusion. CONCLUSIONS: We showed i.c. infusion allows for circumvention of the blood-brain barrier, focused drug distribution, and sustained drug delivery. This method could be a promising strategy for treating @entity1313 .

title: Interstitial continuous infusion therapy in a XXXX model in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal osteotomized vertebra (OV) and lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) in @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) @entity1513 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although most of @entity1691 cases are treated by pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), few studies have focused on the selection of the LIV relative to distal OV. METHODS: We reviewed all @entity1691 cases surgically treated at our institution between 2010 and 2013. @entity1 were divided into groups based on the relative position of LIV and distal OV: group OV+2, the LIV was the second vertebra below OV; group OV+3, the LIV was the third vertebra below OV; group OV+4, the LIV was the fourth vertebra below OV. The preoperative and 2-year postoperative radiographic parameters and clinical data of the former two groups were compared. In addition, if the LIV was S1, @entity1 were included in group S1, and those remaining were included in group non-S1 (the LIV was L5 or above). RESULTS: None of the @entity1 presented fixation failure. Groups OV+2 and OV+3 had similar magnitudes of @entity1513 (P>0.05) and sagittal vertical axis corrections (P>0.05) at the last follow-up. There was no difference in the incidence of proximal junctional @entity1513 (PJK) between groups (P>0.05). Between groups S1 and non-S1, the incidence of PJK and the magnitudes of @entity1513 and sagittal vertical axis corrections were not significantly different (P>0.05). The lumbosacral visual analogue scale and the incidence of pressure sores in group S1 were higher than in group non-S1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: When PSO is performed at the level of L2 or L3, the instrumentation can be limited to the two caudal vertebra that follow. Extending the fixation to more vertebra or to the sacrum does not appear to improve the stability of the instrumentation and the fusion rate, and it is not suitable to carry out PSO at L4. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Selection of Lowest Instrumented Vertebra for Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS', 'AS kyphosis']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2720 of the great toe ( @entity24070 ) is a frequent condition for which numerous surgical techniques have been proposed. The most used ones are cheilectomy and arthrodesis. The objectives of this retrospective study are to present the midterm results of the Valenti procedure and to compare these results with those from other recognized surgical techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a continuous group of 32 @entity1 (41 cases) presenting @entity24070 and treated using the Valenti technique from November 1999 to July 2004. The mean age of these @entity1 at the time of surgery was 57 years. Forty-one percent of these @entity1 also presented a static disorder of the foot. One or several additional procedures were undertaken, at the time of surgery, in 24% of these cases. @entity1 were assessed using the AOFAS score completed by the walking distance test, the gait test, the tiptoe test and self-evaluation of @entity1 satisfaction. The radiographic work-up before surgery and at follow-up showed the progression of the joint space changes and allowed us to evaluate plantar subluxation at the base of the first phalanx under the metatarsal head. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 (32 cases) were reviewed and evaluated with a mean follow-up of 5.5 years. Two cases of @entity6865 were observed as complications. The mean final score was 81 out of 100 from a preoperative score of 47 out of 100. @entity158 was absent or only occasional in 94% of the cases. Discomfort wearing shoes was absent or moderate in 91% of the cases. Joint range of movement was greater than 30 degrees in 72% of the cases and the toes were stable. Walking distance was unlimited in 79% of the cases. A mean 30% plantar subluxation at the base of the first phalanx was noted at follow-up, with no clinical consequence. The results were comparable irrelevantly of the @entity24070 grade being treated. DISCUSSION: The numerous techniques proposed achieve comparable results both in terms of @entity158 relief and functional result but each one has its own limitations. Only arthroplasties with silastic implants and the Keller technique give less satisfactory results. Arthrodesis remains the first-choice treatment for advanced @entity24070 but failure is possible in case of @entity2246 . Cheilectomy, a conservative intervention, is ideal for lesions that are not too advanced or remain limited to the dorsal part of the joint; this conservative option presents generally no specific complications. Prosthetic replacement--with, to date, little long-term experience for total arthroplasty--remains controversial because the results deteriorate over time. The Valenti procedure exposes the @entity1 to a possible risk of metatarsophalangeal joint destabilization if the resection is too great, but this does not impair the final functional outcome. CONCLUSION: The arthrectomy described by Valenti is a highly reproducible intervention. We find it to be a good compromise between mobility and stability, providing good results for all @entity24070 grades and entailing a low complication rate. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE: Level IV. Therapeutic Study.

title: The Valenti technique in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity24070 :: ('MESH:D020859', 'Disease') :: ['hallux rigidus']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['technical error or malunion']

answer: @entity24070 :: (MESH:D020859,Disease) :: ['hallux rigidus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although self-expandable metal stents are used as a bridge to surgery in @entity1 with @entity14 , their long-term oncological outcomes are unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate long-term oncological outcomes of self-expandable metal stents as a bridge to surgery (stent group) compared with direct surgery (direct operation group) in @entity1 with left-sided @entity14 . DESIGN: This was a retrospective chart review. SETTINGS: This study was conducted at a single tertiary academic center. @entity1 : Of 113 @entity1 who underwent curative surgery for left-sided @entity14 at Asan Medical Center between 2005 and 2011, 42 underwent direct surgery and 71 underwent self-expandable metal stent insertion followed by elective surgery. After 1:1 propensity-score matching, 42 @entity1 were enrolled in both groups, and their postsurgical outcomes were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes of this study were long-term oncological outcomes, including overall survival and recurrence-free survival of @entity1 in both groups. RESULTS: Three- and 5-year overall survival rates were similar in the stent (87.0% and 71.0%) and direct operation (76.4% and 76.4%) groups (p = 0.931). Three- and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were also similar in the stent (91.9% and 66.4%) and direct operation (81.2% and 71.2%) groups (p = 0.581), as were postsurgical complication rates (9.5% and 16.7%; p = 0.344). No @entity1 in either group experienced a permanent stoma. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its small @entity1 numbers and retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term oncological outcomes of self-expandable metal stents as a bridge to surgery may not be inferior to those of direct surgery for left-sided @entity14 .

title: Does Stenting as a Bridge to Surgery in Left-Sided XXXX Really Worsen Oncological Outcomes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer obstruction']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer Obstruction']


abstract: @entity148 is a highly frequent condition; many @entity1 seek complementary treatment. One of these is anthroposophic medicine (AM) using therapeutic approaches that are based on a distinct concept of the @entity1 organism, illness, and healing. AM is applied in @entity148 ; however, little is known about underlying therapeutic concepts, the effectiveness, and the modalities of clinical reasoning and judgment. Presented is a 21-year-old @entity1 who had suffered from severe and increasing @entity148 for 6 months, which had led to social isolation and complete sick leave from work. She had attended an AM health care center and counseling at a @entity146 hospital but had not improved significantly after 6 months. Eurythmy therapy (EYT) was then applied for 8 weeks. Within the AM pathophysiological context, the @entity1 was diagnosed as having stress-induced @entity148 based on a juvenile disturbance of the rhythmical system. Associated symptoms were specific anomalies in the @entity1 's eurythmy movement pattern, a "breathed-in-upwards syndrome." In the EYT sessions, clear interconnections between EYT-exercises and symptom-relief were observable, paralleled by a substantial relief of the @entity1 's @entity148 . EYT might have some impact on @entity148 and should be investigated in more detail.

title: Eurythmy Therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety syndrome', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differentiated @entity259 (DTC) are associated with a good prognosis and a high survival rate. However, @entity5 recurrence occurs in approximately 20% to 30% of DTC @entity1 , reinforcing the importance of identifying new molecular targets for @entity5 management. We have shown that the @entity1920 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is over-activated in @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of @entity2364 , an AMPK activator, on various aspects of @entity259 cell behavior, including cell survival, apoptosis, migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in the @entity1 @entity259 cell lines BCPAP and @entity15293 . METHODS: BCPAP and @entity15293 cells were cultivated in DMEM, and the non- @entity5 -derived cell line Nthy-ORI was grown in RPMI. Cells were treated or not with @entity2364 for different periods of time. We analyzed the cell growth rate, cell cycle phase, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion using Transwell inserts, and EMT was quantified by the expression of mesenchymal and epithelial markers. RESULTS: AMPK is activated in @entity259 cell lines and @entity2364 treatment further increased AMPK phosphorylation. After 48 h of @entity2364 treatment, the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase decreased and a G0/G1-phase arrest was induced in all of the cells. AMPK activation effectively induced apoptosis in the BCPAP and @entity15293 @entity5 cell lines, while no apoptosis induction was observed in Nthy-ORI. @entity2364 also reduced the migration of Nthy-ORI and BCPAP cells by 30% and approximately 60% in @entity15293 cells. @entity2364 had no effect on cell invasion in Nthy-ORI and @entity15293 cells, but a significant reduction of cell invasion was observed in BCPAP cells. @entity2364 induced a significant reduction of @entity6076 and no changes in the expression of @entity2277 or @entity5907 / @entity18075 protein in BCPAP cells. No differences in the expression of EMT markers were found in the @entity2364 -treated NTHY-ORI cells. A remarkable reduction of @entity2277 , @entity5907 / @entity18075 and @entity6076 protein expression was detected in the @entity15293 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Increased activation of AMPK in @entity3557 cell lines leads to a strong anti- @entity5 response, as measured by the inhibition of cell proliferation, cell migration and induction of cell death. We also demonstrate that AMPK activation reverses EMT in @entity15293 cells.

title: @entity1920 -activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Regulates Papillary ( @entity15293 and BCPAP) XXXX Cell Survival, Migration, Invasion and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: Previously, we analyzed the promoter architecture of the psaAB genes encoding reaction center subunits of photosystem I (PSI) in the cyanobacterium @entity324 . There exist two promoters, P1 and P2, both of which show typical @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) response of PSI genes; their activities are high under low-light (LL) conditions but rapidly downregulated upon the shift to @entity3917 conditions. In this study, it was suggested that a response regulator RpaB binds to multiple @entity3917 regulatory 1 (HLR1) sequences in the upstream region of the psaAB genes. We explored the regulatory role of cis-elements, including these HLR1 sequences on the individual activity of P1 and P2. Under LL conditions, the most influential cis-element is HLR1C (-62 to -45, relative to the transcriptional starting point of P1) working for positive regulation of P1. The other HLR1 sequences also affect the promoter activity under LL conditions; HLR1A (-255 to -238) is involved in repression of P1, whereas HLR1B (-153 to -126) works for activation of P2. Upon the shift to @entity3917 conditions, regulation via HNE2 located within the region from -271 to -177 becomes active in order to downregulate both P1 and P2 activities. A positive effect of HLR1B on P2 may persist under @entity3917 . These results suggest that cis-elements, including multiple HLR1 sequences, differently regulate the activities of dual promoters of the psaAB genes to achieve the fine-tuning of the gene expression.

title: Role of multiple HLR1 sequences in the regulation of the dual promoters of the psaAB genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity324 :: ('1148', 'Species') :: ['Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803']

answer: @entity324 :: (1148,Species) :: ['Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment of @entity150 has been centralised in Denmark, and only five departments are licensed to perform radical cystectomy (RC). The purpose of this nationwide study was to evaluate perioperative mortality, length of post-operative hospital stay (LOS) and readmissions related to time course, surgical technique and number of RCs performed. METHODS: @entity1 were identified from the Danish National Hospital Register. We included all @entity1 who had a RC performed because of @entity150 in the period 2006-2013. RESULTS: A total of 1,857 RCs were performed, 81% of which were open and 19% were robot-assisted operations. Median LOS ranged 8-15 days, with the minimum LOS at the end of period. Readmission within 30 days occurred in 35% of @entity1 . For @entity1 operated with open technique, the readmission rate was 32% versus 45% for robot-assisted surgery. The 30-day mortality was 1.3% of which 1.5% occurred after open and 0.6% after robot-assisted RC. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows an increase in the number of RCs performed and a decrease in LOS during the study period. Furthermore, the study reveals a significant uptake of robot-assisted RC without obvious demonstrable benefits in terms of LOS and readmissions, but with a slightly lower mortality. Selection criteria for robot-assisted RC as well as data on @entity5 stage and preoperative co-morbidities are not available; therefore, interdepartmental comparison is not possible. However, these nationwide data suggest room for improvement through integration of the fast-track methodology combined with optimisation of surgical technique. FUNDING: none. TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.

title: Cystectomy for XXXX in Denmark during the 2006-2013 period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Serum osteocalcin ( @entity12502 ) is the currently most reliable marker of osteoblastic activity and of the bone formation index. To investigate its state in @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) we measured the @entity12502 level in 82 individuals divided in two groups. The control group (CG) consisted of 26 healthy volunteers (16 males and 10 females: mean age 25.6 +/- 2.8 years). The @entity6 group (DG) consisted of 56 @entity1 with @entity1723 (36 males and 20 females; mean age 23.2 +/- 6 years). The DG was, in its turn, subdivided in four subgroups (A, B, C, D) depending on the time from @entity146 ( @entity146 ) (less than 2, 2-5, 5-10, and greater than 10 years). The DG had a significantly lower @entity12502 than CG (3.01 +/- 1.5 vs 3.9 +/- 1.7 ng/nl; p = 0.024). @entity12502 levels were also lower in the subgroups C (2.4 +/- 1.0 ng/ml; p = 0.006) and D (1.7 +/- 0.9 ng/ml; p = 0.000) than in CG. When they were compared between them, the subgroups A (3.6 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) and B (4.5 +/- 1.4 ng/ml) had @entity12502 levels significantly higher than subgroups C (2.4 +/- 1.0 ng/ml; p = 0.009 and p = 0.000) and D (1.7 +/- 0.9 ng/ml; p = 0.000 and p = 0.000). There were no differences between subgroups A and B, on the one hand, and C and D, on the other. There was a highly significant lineal correlation between @entity146 and the @entity12502 levels (r = 0.5196; p = 0.000). The @entity1 with @entity1723 have reduced @entity12502 levels; this reduction becomes apparent after 5 years of clinical evolution and shows a correlation with the time since @entity146 .

title: [Serum osteocalcin in insulin-dependent XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['the diagnosis', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The normal pituitary production of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 )alongside luteinizing hormone, and its presence in @entity1 after bilateral oophorectomy, during perimenopause and menopause, as measured in serum and urine, has been known for 30 years and is described in numerous publications. Last year our group discussed this finding in a correspondence to the editor in the March 15th issue of New England Journal of Medicine, yet the misinterpretation of low-level @entity3566 in these @entity1 seems to have increased in magnitude. METHODS: This is an outcomes study of 36 cases of menopausal @entity3566 referred to the USA @entity3566 Reference Service over a 1-year period, from March 2007 to March 2008. RESULTS: Eight cases occurred in @entity1 after oophorectomy, 28 were @entity1 in menopause/perimenopause. Surgery was postponed in 5 (14%) of 36 cases, and in 3 cases (8%), chemotherapy was unnecessarily administered. In 2 cases, computed tomography scans were cancelled. The average @entity3566 detected was 10 +/- 7.2 IU/L in cases receiving an oophorectomy and 9.8 +/- 6.7 in perimenopause and 11 +/- 6.2 IU/L in menopause cases. CONCLUSIONS: Low-level @entity3566 production in @entity1 in physiologic perimenopause, in menopause, or in @entity1 with prior bilateral oophorectomy is a normal biologic and biochemical phenomenon. Management protocols in all fields need to be changed to accept pituitary @entity3566 as normal and recognize the clinical maneuvers that will secure the diagnosis. Understanding this physiology will avoid needless delays in necessary therapies such as organ transplant procedures and will limit the misadventure of prescribing unnecessary cancer treatments.

title: Normal production of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin in perimenopausal and menopausal @entity1 and after oophorectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'women']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A 64-year-old @entity1 complaining of hoarseness received a diagnosis of @entity151 (T4 N3 M1, Stage IV) in May 1997. He responded well to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and afterward underwent brain irradiation for prophylactic purposes. However, on Nov. 27 the @entity1 experienced @entity158 and @entity1183 in his left leg. and was admitted to our hospital on @entity32596 because his symptoms deteriorated to palsy of the left leg. Brain computed tomographic scans and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were normal, as was serum pro-GRP. Palsy developed in both legs 3 days later. T2 weighted MRI revealed high intensity within the spinal cord at the level between Th 9 and Th 11, and T1 weighted MRI showed heterogeneous low intensity at the same levels. In addition, @entity7241 enhanced T1 weighted images disclosed high intensity in the spinal cord at the Th 10 level. Although 3 spinal taps were all cytologically negative for @entity5 , the high pro-GRP titer (1,400 pg/ml) suggested the presence of a @entity75 . At autopsy, cross sections of the spinal cord revealed the longitudinal extension of a @entity5 11 cm in length. Microscopic findings indicated that the @entity5 was a metastasis of the @entity1 's @entity4153 . To our knowledge, this report was the first to histologically examine a case of intramedullary metastasis of @entity151 .

title: [Intramedullary metastasis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar pain']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between types of @entity3232 and quality of life in @entity1 between 8-10 years of age and establish correlations between the severity of the @entity3232 and particular bio-psychosocial variables. STUDY DESIGN: The sample was made up of 102 schoolchildren aged 8-10 years. Clinical exams were performed using the criteria of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) to determine the presence and severity of @entity3232 . The impact on quality of life was assessed using the @entity1 Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10). Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS: Malocclusions affected 61% of the @entity1 examined. There was a positive correlation between total CPQ8-10 and DAI scores (P = 0.034). The following types of @entity3232 had a significant effect on the quality of life of the @entity1 : upper anterior irregularity > or = 2 mm, anterior open bite > or = 2 mm and @entity14773 > or = 2 mm. @entity1 with @entity3232 experienced a greater negative impact on quality of life in comparison to those without @entity3232 . CONCLUSIONS: Malocclusions had a negative influence over the quality of life of @entity1 between 8-10 years of age. More severe @entity3232 had a greater impact with regard to social, emotional and functional aspects.

title: Malocclusion: social, functional and emotional influence on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusions', 'malocclusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the general Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the @entity135 -specific Washington University Head and @entity135 Comorbidity Index (WUHNCCI) were useful for predicting cost of treatment for elderly @entity1 with @entity135 . DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. @entity1 : A total of 1780 Medicare @entity1 with @entity135 , who were treated between 1984 and 1994, were analyzed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare-linked database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total Medicare payments were accumulated for each @entity1 up to 1 and 5 years. Linear regression was used to estimate the impact of the comorbidity indexes on costs, controlling for demographics, site, stage, and treatment modality. RESULTS: Neither the WUHNCCI nor the CCI was significantly associated with 1-year costs. However, the effect of the WUHNCCI on 5-year costs was statistically significant (P<.001). A 1-point increase in the WUHNCCI from 4 to 5 was associated with an increase in 5-year costs of  2105. A 1-point increase in the WUHNCCI from 9 to 10 was associated with an increase in 5-year costs of  2837. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that comorbidity indexes for @entity135 may be useful for prognostication of @entity1 outcomes and predicting costs.

title: Using comorbidity indexes to predict costs for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Cancer', 'head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies associate preeclampsia with increased risk of premature @entity65 ( @entity65 ) later in life. This study aims to make a comprehensive @entity65 risk assessment comparing @entity1 with previous preeclamptic pregnancies to @entity1 with previous normotensive pregnancies 10years after index pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: A nested, matched, observational cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Markers of @entity432 , aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and augmentation index (AIx-75), and markers of @entity731 , carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque presence. Traditional @entity65 risk factors and 10-year and 30-year Framingham @entity65 risk scores were also assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 were included from April 2014 to October 2014 at a tertiary referral hospital in Denmark. Twenty-one exposed @entity1 with a history of preeclampsia and 21 unexposed with a history of normotensive pregnancies were included. Ten years after delivery, significantly more exposed @entity1 suffered from @entity101 and received antihypertensive treatment and significantly more fulfilled the @entity101 at screening. Previously preeclamptic @entity1 also tended to have more unfavorable @entity65 risk estimates. The Framingham risk scores seemed to extend the unfavorable @entity65 risk. The exposed @entity1 tended to have a higher aPWV compared to unexposed @entity1 , (P=0.057). No differences were shown in the other examined @entity1294 or atherosclerotic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Ten years after delivery, we found increased risk of @entity101 and trend toward unfavorable @entity65 risk profile in 40-year-old previously preeclamptic @entity1 . However, @entity432 and @entity731 did not uncover any additional @entity65 risk information at this time point.

title: Preeclampsia and @entity65 risk assessment - Do XXXX and @entity731 uncover increased risk ten years after delivery?

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertension-definition']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial stiffness']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to adapt the technique of transcatheter umbrella closure of @entity4615 for closure of valvular and @entity154 . BACKGROUND: The double-umbrella device developed by Rashkind and Cuaso has been safely and effectively delivered across a host of @entity4615 , but transcatheter closure of valvular and @entity2478 has not been reported. METHODS: Between February 1987 and September 1990, eight @entity1 who were believed to be poor operative candidates were taken to the catheterization laboratory for transcatheter double-umbrella closure of a valvular or a @entity2478 . Four @entity1 had a @entity2478 around a prosthetic aortic valve. The other four @entity1 had a @entity340 : one @entity1 with a regurgitant native aortic valve after a Stansel procedure and three @entity1 with a regurgitant porcine valve in a left ventricular apex to descending aorta conduit. RESULTS: Placement of a double-umbrella device was attempted in seven of the eight @entity1 and was successful in all seven. Device placement was not attempted in one @entity1 because of the crescentic shape of his defect. Two @entity1 required two devices for each closure; the other five required only one device each. Angiography, performed on six @entity1 after device closure, demonstrated that three @entity1 had a completely occluded defect, two had trivial residual flow and one @entity1 had mild residual flow through the device. All significant complications occurred in one @entity1 who had @entity2142 and @entity1458 that resolved when the initial umbrella was replaced by a larger device. In addition, two devices migrated to the @entity1 's pulmonary arteries but were retrieved in the catheterization laboratory without difficulty. No other early or late complications occurred in 21 to 50 months of follow-up. Of the four @entity1 with a @entity2478 , the one who did not receive a device died at operation, one @entity1 died at operation for an associated defect (in the operating room the umbrella was found securely in place across the @entity154 ) and two @entity1 are clinically well at home after 21 and 32 months, respectively. Of the four @entity1 with closure of a @entity340 , one @entity1 remains well at home 50 months later, one @entity1 died at operation for associated defects and two @entity1 had additional successful surgical treatment and remain well 29 months after device placement. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter umbrella closure appears to be a reasonable alternative for closure of a valvular or @entity2478 in @entity1 who are poor operative candidates.

title: Transcatheter umbrella closure of valvular and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular defects', 'paraaortic defect']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular leaks', 'paravalvular leak']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular leak']

answer: @entity2478 :: (MESH:D019559,Disease) :: ['paravalvular leaks']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perforation of the @entity1085 with cholecystohepatic communication is a rare cause of @entity5572 . We are reporting here six rare cases of @entity1085 with variable clinical presentations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Most @entity1 presented with right hypochondrium @entity158 and @entity221 but two @entity1 presented with only @entity158 in the abdomen. Ultrasonography (USG) and Computed Tomography (CT) were used for diagnosis. The @entity1 were also successfully treated. RESULTS: There was a @entity1085 with cholecystohepatic communication, leading to @entity5572 formation in most cases on USG and CT. The final diagnosis was confirmed on surgery. CONCLUSION: The perforation of the @entity1085 which leads to @entity5572 is a rare complication of acute, chronic or @entity2679 . USG and CT scans are the most important diagnostic tool in diagnosing this rare complication. In the set up, where advanced options are not available, the only treatment of choice is the conservative one or surgery, according to the status of the @entity1 .

title: Management of XXXX evaluation on ultrasonography: report of six rare cases with review of literature.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder perforation', 'gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['empyema gall bladder']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gall bladder perforation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for preoperative staging of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) using the 1997 TNM ( @entity5 , node, @entity3 ) classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of MDCT in 57 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1358 performed for @entity5 staging before radical (n = 51) or partial nephrectomy (n = 6). The scanning protocol of MDCT consisted of unenhanced and biphasic contrast-enhanced scans during corticomedullary and nephrographic phases. MDCT and surgical-histopathologic staging were performed using the 1997 TNM staging system. The results of MDCT were compared with the histopathological results. Agreement between the two staging methods was evaluated using the kappa (kappa) statistic. RESULTS: Consistency between MDCT and histopathologic staging was excellent for T staging (kappa= 0.87), fair for N staging (kappa= 0.40), and excellent for M staging (kappa= 1.00). Fifty-one of 57 @entity5 were correctly staged, five overstaged and one understaged by MDCT, with an overall accuracy of 89%. MDCT was able to correctly identify and localize the extension of the @entity5 thrombus in all 10 @entity1 . In the evaluation of nodal involvement, 42 of 57 @entity1 (74%) were correctly staged, 11 (19%) overstaged, and four (7%) understaged. CONCLUSION: MDCT with a dynamic contrast enhancement protocol is an accurate method for preoperative staging of @entity1358 . MDCT with multiplanar reconstruction capability enables a reliable detection and characterization of the @entity5 , but the involvement of lymph nodes by @entity5 is still difficult to predict because it is based on node size criterion only.

title: XXXX with multidetector CT.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Preoperative staging of renal cell carcinoma']