abstract: OBJECTIVE: Excision of extrahepatic cyst with wide biliary-enteric @entity254 is the treatment of choice in @entity2941 . The diseased mucosa of the residual cyst may be the cause for @entity260 . Mucosectomy of the cyst wall may prevent such complications in type IV-A @entity2941 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Five cases (male:female, 3:2) of type IV-A @entity2941 , aged between 15 and 120 months, are presented. The intrahepatic cyst was confined to only the left lobe in 1 @entity1 and the left and part of the right lobe in 4 @entity1 . Excision of the extrahepatic cyst, left hemihepatectomy, mucosectomy of the residual intrahepatic cyst wall, and wide hepaticojejunostomy were done. RESULTS: Median hospital stay was 20 days. Postoperative biliary leak in 1 @entity1 stopped spontaneously after 3 weeks. Postoperative MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) scan in 1 @entity1 showed shrinkage of intrahepatic residual cyst and good biliary drainage. Liver function tests at 3 months, 6 months, and at yearly intervals were within reference range in all @entity1 . @entity255 , hepatolithiasis, or @entity5 was not noted in any of the @entity1 . Median follow-up period was 36 months. CONCLUSION: Excision of the diseased mucosa from residual intrahepatic cyst wall may prevent long-term complications in @entity1 with type IV-A @entity2941 .

title: Hepatic lobectomy and mucosectomy of intrahepatic cyst for type IV-A XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangitis']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['choledochal cyst']


abstract: @entity201 is the second most frequent @entity5 , after hepatocarcinoma, of the liver; it is diagnosed in approximately 10% of the cases. This retrospective study reviewed follow-up in 50 @entity1 with @entity1419 treated from June 1979 through February 1993. Among these 50 @entity1 , 32 underwent liver resection and 18 had a liver transplantation. After resection, the median survival was 13.9 months. @entity5 stage was seen to have an effect on the Kaplan-Meier plots although the differences were not significant. Four @entity1 died from @entity5 recurrence more than five years after curative resection, 4 @entity1 are living today. After transplantation, the median survival was 5 months. Among the 18 @entity1 , 1 recipient who had a stage II @entity5 is currently living 42 months after transplantation with no evidence of recurrence. Despite the high degree of @entity5 of @entity1419 , a certain number of @entity1 do benefit from liver resection, justifying this aggressive surgical approach. Inversely, transplantation does not appear to be an exceptional therapeutic alternative. In the future, @entity201 will require multimodal therapeutics.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignancy', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinomas', 'Cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: The necropsy records of 65 @entity2498 ranging from 1 day to 13(1/2) years of age were reviewed to determine the primary cause of @entity204 of each animal. The animal carcasses were submitted from 22 separate Pennsylvania @entity2498 farms over an approximately 8-year period. The most common causes of mortality in animals in which the cause of @entity204 was determined were @entity344 (21 cases), @entity55 (7 cases), @entity1964 (5 cases), @entity3147 (5 cases), and rumenitis/ @entity520 (5 cases). The cause of @entity204 was undetermined in 4 of the 65 @entity2498 . @entity2199 organisms (20 cases) were the primary parasites identified in cases of mortality owing to @entity344 . @entity1679 (3 cases), @entity526 (3 cases), and Streptococcus sp. (2 cases) were the most commonly isolated bacteria from the lung in the cases of @entity55 . Fungal organisms, consistent with Aspergillus sp. were present histologically within the @entity358 in 5 cases. Bacterial agents associated with @entity1964 included @entity3168 (2 cases), @entity526 (1 case), @entity17354 (1 case) and @entity17354 Thompson (1 case). The majority (56.3%) of the @entity204 in @entity2498 of known ages occurred in animals 1 year of age or less, with 71.4% of the @entity344 , 60.0% of the @entity3147 , 60.0% of the @entity1964 , and 57.1% of the @entity55 cases occurring in animals within this age range. In conclusion, @entity344 , @entity55 , @entity3147 , @entity1964 and rumenitis/ @entity520 were considered the most common causes of @entity204 in captive @entity2498 in this study.

title: Mortality in Pennsylvania captive XXXX ( @entity2498 ): 1998-2006.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1679 :: ('1661', 'Species') :: ['Arcanobacterium pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal parasitism']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity17354 :: ('108619', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Newport', 'Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death loss', 'death']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2498 :: (9860,Species) :: ['elk']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated patterns of failure in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 (LARC) according to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) timing: pre-operative versus post-operative. Also, patterns of failure, particularly @entity3 ( @entity3 ), were analyzed according to @entity5 location within the rectum. METHODS: In total, 872 @entity1 with LARC who had undergone concurrent CRT and radical surgery between 2001 and 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Concurrent CRT was administered pre-operatively (cT3-4) or post-operatively (pT3-4 or pN+) in 550 (63.1%) and 322 (36.9%) @entity1 , respectively. Median follow-up period was 86 (range, 12-133) months for 673 living @entity1 . Local recurrence (LR) was defined as any disease recurrence within the pelvis, and any failure outside the pelvis was classified as a @entity3 . Only the first site of recurrence was scored. RESULTS: In total, 226 (25.9%) @entity1 developed disease recurrence. In the pre-operative CRT group, the incidences of isolated LR, combined LR and @entity3 , and isolated @entity3 were 17, 21, and 89 @entity1 , respectively. In the post-operative CRT group, these incidences were 8, 15, and 76 @entity1 , respectively. LR within 2 years constituted 44.7% and 60.9% of all LRs in the pre-operative and post-operative CRT groups, respectively. Late (> 5 years) LR comprised 13.2% and 4.3% of all LRs in the pre-operative and post-operative CRT groups, respectively. The lung was the most common @entity3 site (108/249, 43.4%). Lung or para-aortic lymph node @entity3 developed more commonly from low-to-mid @entity5 while liver @entity3 developed more commonly from upper @entity5 . Lung @entity3 occurred later than liver @entity3 (n   =   54; 22.6        15.6 vs. 17.4        12.1 months; P   =   0.035). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that LARC @entity1 receiving pre-operative CRT tended to develop late LR more often than those receiving post-operative CRT. Further extended follow-up than is conventional may be necessary in LARC @entity1 who are managed with optimized multimodal treatments, and the follow-up strategy may need to be individualized according to @entity5 location within the rectum.

title: Patterns of failure in XXXX with locally advanced @entity5 receiving pre-operative or post-operative chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'DM', 'distant metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity6823 protooncogene encodes the receptor for the @entity6824 of macrophages. Its transforming counterpart, the v-fms oncogene has previously been recognized as the transforming gene of the McDonough @entity778 . We have isolated rabbit antisera against a 115-kDa recombinant polypeptide containing the 926 @entity1473 -terminal @entity1522 of the v-fms protein. All antibodies recognized the cytoplasmic domain of the v-fms protein, which is 95% homologous to the corresponding domain of @entity1 @entity6823 proteins. These sera were applied in a survey of various @entity1 @entity5 cell lines, such as peripheral blood mononuclear (HL60) and @entity1466 (BeWo) cells, as well as leukemic cells from 58 @entity1 with acute myelocytic, chronic myelocytic or @entity981 ( @entity981 , @entity1860 , @entity981 ). Significantly enhanced levels of fms-specific @entity669 kinase activity were detected in @entity864 -induced HL60 and in BeWo cells, and in 7 out of 24 samples from @entity981 @entity1 , whereas no activity could be detected in 9 @entity981 or in 25 @entity1860 cell preparations. The @entity981 cells were classified according to the @entity1334 criteria. The highest incidence of @entity2915 was found in cells assigned to the M4 class (four out of five cases). While no activity was found in material belonging to @entity1334 classes M2 or M3, one of the two cases of the M5 class was kinase-positive. Interestingly, two out of seven cases of the M1 class cells exhibited enhanced levels of fms kinase. These data suggest that the determination of the fms kinase may be useful to subdivide the M1 class of the @entity1334 classification into monocytic and non-monocytic precursor @entity1778 cells.

title: Detection of fms-oncogene-specific XXXX kinase activity in @entity1 @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['strain of feline sarcoma virus']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemias', 'AML', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased fms activity']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['colony-stimulating factor 1']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and @entity137 of hyperfractionated radiotherapy and multi-agent chemotherapy, including @entity4174 , @entity4175 ( @entity4175 ) and @entity1891 , in adults with high-grade @entity11 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiotherapy was administered using two fractions per day of 1.2 Gy to a total dose of 72 Gy. The chemotherapy consisted of @entity4174 (90 mg/m2 orally, days 1 to 14), @entity4175 (80 mg/m2 intravenously, day 1) and @entity1891 (0.5 mg/m2 intravenously, days 1 and 8) and was administered during and after radiotherapy, up to a maximum of four courses. RESULTS: From September 1997 to August 1999, a total of ten @entity1 (five with @entity463 and five with grade 3 @entity11 ) were enrolled. All ten @entity1 were able to complete a total dose of 72 Gy hyperfractionated radiotherapy with one course of concurrent chemotherapy. Of eight assessable @entity1 , three (38%) had an objective response, comprising two CR and one PR. The median time to progression was 10.7 months and the median survival time of all @entity1 was 15.0 months. Although grade 4 @entity1431 and grade 4 @entity882 occurred in 10% and 10% of all @entity1 , respectively, these were transient and no @entity1 developed @entity221 or @entity932 . No serious non-hematological or late @entity137 occurred. CONCLUSION: Hyperfractionated radiotherapy and multi-agent chemotherapy using @entity4174 , @entity4175 and @entity1891 is safe and well tolerated for high-grade @entity11 .

title: Hyperfractionated radiotherapy and multi-agent chemotherapy ( XXXX , @entity4175 and @entity1891 ) for high-grade @entity11 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity4175 :: ('MESH:D015376', 'Chemical') :: ['ACNU', 'nimustine']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity4174 :: (MESH:D011344,Chemical) :: ['procarbazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1897 is a major contributor to @entity2412 including @entity1066 , @entity295 and limb loss. The aim of this study was to document the frequency of this previously undocumented clinical marker of @entity1897 , the "slipping slipper sign" ( @entity11169 ), characterised by unrecognised loss of slippers from one's feet while walking, and to compare it with traditional clinical tests for @entity1897 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between a positive @entity11169 and @entity1897 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 105 @entity6 outpatients without active foot problems, 40 @entity6 inpatients with active @entity295 , and 69 other @entity1 with neither @entity6 nor active @entity295 as negative controls. Demographic data, clinical @entity16 scores and the presence or absence of the @entity11169 were obtained. RESULTS: No control subjects had a positive @entity11169 . In contrast, 64 of 145 @entity6 @entity1 had severe @entity16 of whom 53 had a positive @entity11169 (83% sensitivity) and 74 of 81 without severe @entity16 had a negative @entity11169 (91% specificity). @entity6 @entity1 with concurrent @entity295 had a higher frequency of severe @entity16 (70%) and positive @entity11169 (65%) compared with those without (36% and 35%, respectively, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a positive @entity11169 was strongly related to severity of @entity16 independent of duration of @entity6 . CONCLUSION: The @entity11169 reflects severe @entity1897 and is particularly prevalent among those with active foot disease. @entity1 who have experienced the @entity11169 should be encouraged to seek attention and preventive action taken.

title: The slipping slipper sign: a marker of severe @entity1897 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'foot sepsis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy', 'Peripheral neuropathy', 'diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot complications']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['foot sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate treatment methods for @entity6 complicated with @entity6275 . METHODS: The clinical data of 39 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity6275 from 2000 to 2011 were studied. Among the @entity1 , 23 @entity1 were male and 16 @entity1 were female,ranging in age from 21 to 81 years old,with a mean of 45 years old. All the @entity1 had symptoms such as red,swelling,hot and @entity158 to different degrees,and the duration of the disease lasted over more than 3 months,among which,25 @entity1 had preoperative sinus formation. Routine preoperative drainage fluid culture, X-ray and CT examination were performed. Twenty-seven @entity1 underwent debridement, one stage bone grafting and external fixation; 12 @entity1 underwent debridement and antibiotic treatment. The examination results of ESR, CRP and blood routine before and after treatment were compared to evaluate clinical effects. RESULTS: After treatment, the values of ESR(preoperative 35 @entity1 with higher value, and postoperative 32 @entity1 with normal value), blood routine (preoperative 25 @entity1 with abnormal value,and postoperative 23 @entity1 with normal value), and CRP(preoperative 36 @entity1 with higher value, and postoperative 33 @entity1 with normal value) all improved. The liquor puris cultures were negative after treatment. Among 39 @entity1 , 33 @entity1 had clinical cure; 6 @entity1 recurred within 4 months to 4 years. CONCLUSION: The treatment of @entity6 should be paid attention when the @entity6275 was treated,and the combination treatment can significantly improve the cure rate of @entity6 complicated with @entity6275 .

title: [Clinical treatment of @entity6 complicated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with advanced @entity263 eventually cease to respond to hormonal therapy and thus progress to @entity263 ( @entity263 ). @entity229 has been used in this setting; however, limited data is available for this monotherapy in the asymptomatic @entity263 population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the PSA response rate to @entity229 in asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). Secondary objectives were to determine @entity137 , predictors of response, and to determine overall survival of this population. METHODS: @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity263 that were treated with low dose @entity229 from April 1998 to 2003 were identified from the British @entity5 Agency @entity1 and pharmacy registries. Inclusion criteria were an ECOG Performance Status of 2 at the time of @entity229 initiation, prior medical or surgical orchidectomy, a rising PSA, and no symptoms from @entity263 . Demographic data, lab values, serial PSAs, and survival data were collected. Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate potential predictors of response. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. There was a 22.4% response rate to @entity229 as defined by a 50% PSA decline. An additional 16.3% of @entity1 had a PSA decline of < 50%. Ninety percent of @entity1 had no documented side effects. PSA responders were more likely to have bony metastases (9/11 versus 17/38, p = 0.03) and lived longer (24.7 versus 15.4 months median survival p = 0.02). The median duration of response in the PSA responders was 4.3 months (0.89-30). Of all PSA responders, 27% had a time to progression greater than 1 year and 45% did not require chemotherapy for the duration of the study. CONCLUSION: @entity229 monotherapy is well tolerated and is associated with a clinically relevant response rate in @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity263 . Prolonged time to progression and thus avoidance of more toxic chemotherapy is possible in some @entity1 .

title: @entity229 monotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'HRPC', 'hormone refractory prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Columbia Cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone', 'prednisone']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['asymptomatic hormone refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: AIM: To report our experience in the surgical management of severe @entity130 of the gastrointestinal tract due to corrosive ingestion. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 who underwent emergency surgery for severe @entity344 following corrosive ingestion between 1983 and 2010 was carried out. Data was extracted from a prospectively maintained @entity1208 database. Severe @entity130 were defined as full thickness @entity39 with perforation of the esophagus or the stomach (with or without involvement of the adjacent viscera) with resultant @entity1764 or @entity298 . RESULTS: Between 1983 and 2010, 209 @entity1 with @entity130 of the esophagus were managed. Of these, 13 (6.2%) @entity1 underwent emergency surgery for severe @entity130 . The median age of the @entity1 was 22 years and the median interval between ingestion of the corrosive substance and surgery was 24 h. The surgical procedures done included esophagogastrectomy alone (n = 6), esophagogastrectomy with duodenectomy (n = 4), esophagogastrectomy with pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 1), esophagogastrectomy with splenectomy (n = 1) and distal gastrectomy with duodenectomy (n = 1). Two @entity1 died in the postoperative period and one after discharge awaiting the second surgery. The factors significantly predictive of mortality following such an injury included @entity177 at the time of initial presentation, presence of @entity520 , delay of more than 24 h between corrosive ingestion and surgery, and corrosive induced @entity130 (pancreatic) (P < 0.001, 0.02, 0.005 and 0.015 respectively). Ten @entity1 underwent subsequent surgery for restoration of the alimentary tract continuity with a colonic pull-up (n = 8) and gastrojejunostomy (n = 1). In one @entity1 , the attempted colon pull-up failed due to extensive scarring of the mesocolon. The median follow up (following restoration of continuity of the gastrointestinal tract) was 36.5 mo. One @entity1 developed @entity1282 due to a stricture at the anastomotic site, which was successfully managed by dilatation. Another @entity1 developed severe @entity1173 , necessitating laryngeal inlet closure and permanent tracheostomy, and 3 @entity1 complained of occasional regurgitation. CONCLUSION: Management of severe @entity130 involves prompt resuscitation and urgent surgical debridement. Although the subsequent restoration of continuity may be complicated and may not always be possible, long term outcomes are acceptable in the majority.

title: Surgical management and outcomes of severe XXXX due to corrosive ingestion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['adjacent organ injury', 'injuries', 'corrosive injury', 'corrosive injuries']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), correlations between site of mutation in the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) gene and severity of @entity1412 or extracolonic manifestations are well known. While mutation analysis is important for predictive diagnosis in @entity1 at risk, its relevance for clinical management of individual @entity1 is open to question. METHODS: We examined 680 unrelated @entity1412 families for germline mutations in the @entity1412 gene. Clinical information was obtained from 1256 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1412 mutations were detected in 48% (327/680) of families. Age at diagnosis of @entity1412 based on bowel symptoms and age at diagnosis of @entity14 in untreated @entity1 were used as indicators of the severity of the natural course of the disease. A germline mutation was detected in 230 of 404 @entity1 who were diagnosed after onset of bowel symptoms ( @entity548 , @entity490 , @entity294 ). When these @entity1 were grouped according to the different sites of mutations, mean values for age at onset of disease differed significantly: @entity1 carrying @entity1412 mutations at codon 1309 showed a disease onset 10 years earlier (mean age 20 years) compared with @entity1 with mutations between codons 168 and 1580 (except codon 1309) (mean age 30 years), whereas @entity1 with mutations at the 5' end of codon 168 or the 3' end of codon 1580 were diagnosed at a mean age of 52 years. Within each group of @entity1 however large phenotypic variation was observed, even among @entity1 with identical germline mutations. A higher incidence of @entity765 was found in @entity1 with mutations between codons 1445 and 1580 compared with mutations at other sites, while no correlation between site of mutation and presence of duodenal @entity652 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: As age at manifestation and course of the disease may be rather variable, even in carriers of identical germline mutations, therapeutic decisions should be based on colonoscopic findings in individual @entity1 rather than on the site of mutation. However, in @entity1 with mutations within codons 1445-1580, it may be advisable to postpone elective colectomy because @entity765 may arise through surgical intervention.

title: Can @entity1412 mutation analysis contribute to therapeutic decisions in @entity1412 ? Experience from 680 XXXX families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoids']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC', 'colonic polyposis', 'FAP']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['FAP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to acrylates may give rise to @entity2490 and @entity565 in both industrial and domestic environments. The mechanisms underlying these respiratory conditions caused by @entity15767 remain largely unknown. METHODS: We studied two assembly operators exposed to @entity3080 glue who developed @entity2490 and @entity565 symptoms. The causal relationship of these symptoms to @entity3080 glue exposure was investigated by serial peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring at work and off work. Moreover, inhalation testing was performed by asking the @entity1 to mimic exposure at work with the @entity3080 glue in a 7-m3 challenge chamber. RESULTS: Serial PEF monitoring at work and away from work was consistent with @entity7446 in both @entity1 . The @entity2710 inhalation test was negative in @entity1 1 (off work) and showed @entity2488 in @entity1 2. After 20-min exposure to @entity3080 , the @entity1 had late and progressive asthmatic reactions, respectively, and the @entity2710 test became positive in @entity1 1. Induced-sputum samples obtained 3 and 24 h after the @entity3080 challenge showed a marked increase in sputum eosinophils. CONCLUSION: Exposure to @entity3080 in these @entity1 provoked not only variable airflow limitation and @entity2488 , but also pronounced @entity1712 in sputum.

title: XXXX caused by exposure to @entity3080 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity15767 :: ('MESH:D000179', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylates']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity7446 :: (MESH:D059366,Disease) :: ['Occupational asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of balloon angioplasty (BA) with optional stenting vs. routine stenting with current open cell @entity5648 stents for @entity432 by analyzing the overall results from all available randomized controlled trials. METHODS: A bibliographic search of electronic medical databases (MEDLINE, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was conducted to identify relevant articles from 1960 to July 2011. Of the 701 published articles retrieved, 17 clinical trials randomized @entity1 with symptomatic @entity432 to either primary BA or primary stenting. Of these, 4 RCTs involved the use of currently employed high flexibility @entity5648 stents. Thirteen other trials that employed obsolete, steel, or coated stents were excluded. The technical success rate, the @entity75 revascularization (TLR) rate, and the binary restenosis rate at 12 months were primary efficacy endpoints; mortality was the primary safety endpoint. The results are reported as the odds ratio (OR) with 2-tailed 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: The study population was made up of 627 @entity1 (416 @entity1 ; mean age 67  10 years) and 665 lesions (361 assigned to the primary stenting and 304 to BA). The mean length of the treated lesion was similar in both groups (74.6  45.7 mm in the stenting group vs. 66.7  41.3 mm in the BA group). Technical success was significantly higher in the stenting group compared to BA (95.8% vs. 64.2%; OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.92, p<0.001). Follow-up ranged from 12 to 24 months. Based on 3 studies, the TLR at 12 months favored the stent group (OR 2.47, 95% CI 0.72 to 8.49, p=0.065), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, the 12-month binary restenosis rate was significantly lower in the primary stenting group (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.71, p<0.001). With respect to the safety endpoint, mortality was similar in both groups (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.77, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis supports the use of the primary stenting, mainly for long lesions, as a first-line endovascular treatment for symptomatic disease in the femoropopliteal segment, contrary to indications for use in current clinical guidelines.

title: Primary @entity5648 stenting in XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['femoropopliteal occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['femoropopliteal occlusive disease']


abstract: We attempted cessation of @entity229 therapy in 16 pediatric renal allograft recipients who were between the ages of 3 1/2 and 16 years at the time of transplantation. Fourteen had primary grafts and 2 had second grafts. Nine had cadaver and 7 had living-related donor grafts. At the time of cessation of @entity229 , @entity205 was the only other immunosuppressive therapy for 15 of the @entity1 and 1 @entity1 was receiving @entity870 and @entity500 . All the @entity1 had stable serum creatinines at the time @entity229 was stopped, between 7 months and 5 years posttransplantation. Seven @entity1 have had no episodes of rejection, continuing to receive CsA as their only immunosuppressive therapy and have stable renal function between 16 months and 3 1/2 years (mean: 2 years) after stopping @entity229 . Stopping the small maintenance dose of @entity229 resulted in improved growth in @entity1 whose epiphyses were not fused. They improved their weight:height ratios and lost their cushingoid appearance. Serum @entity165 levels declined significantly. @entity1 who required antihypertensive drugs to control their blood pressure while receiving @entity229 required fewer or no drugs when off @entity229 . Nine @entity1 had acute rejection episodes and were put back on maintenance @entity229 following a 3-day @entity134 pulse. All these @entity1 had a prompt improvement in renal function following the @entity134 pulse. However, only 3 stabilized function at preprotocol baseline Scr. Four currently have functioning grafts with Scr greater than the preprotocol Scr. Two @entity1 have returned to dialysis. Although stopping @entity230 is a worthy goal in pediatric renal allograft recipients, we cannot recommend this strategy as routine management because of the 56% rate of acute rejection episodes in the @entity1 who had @entity229 withdrawn.

title: Follow-up of @entity205 -treated pediatric renal allograft recipients after cessation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: GOALS: We sometimes encounter residual or recurrent @entity5 after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for @entity356 . The aim of the present study was to clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of and optimal treatment for the @entity5 after EMR. STUDY: Seventy-four @entity1 with @entity356 were treated with EMR between 1994 and 2004. These @entity1 were divided into 2 groups as follows: the curative group (n=59) and the noncurative group (n=15). The clinicopathologic data were compared between the 2 groups and the outcomes of additional therapy were reviewed. RESULTS: In the noncurative group, the @entity5 were located significantly frequently on the upper or middle third of the stomach compared with the curative group (P<0.05). The number of fragments in EMR was significantly larger in the noncurative group than in the curative group (P<0.05). Fifteen @entity1 required additional treatment because of the @entity5 . Nine (75%) of 12 @entity1 requiring surgery underwent laparoscopic surgery. Three @entity1 were treated by endoscopic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: EMR with a single fragment and with a sufficient margin is useful for the complete resection of @entity356 . When @entity5 occurs, laparoscopic gastrectomy may be a good alternative.

title: Clinicopathologic features and treatment of XXXX after endoscopic mucosal resection of the stomach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'cancers', 'residual cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['early gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['residual early cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Perfectionism and impulsivity are associated with @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ). The current study examines whether clinically relevant subgroups of @entity1 with @entity1277 can be identified based on "healthy" and "unhealthy" perfectionism and impulsivity. METHOD: Latent profile analyses (LPA) were performed on data of 844 @entity1 (DSM-IV diagnosis: 381 @entity1278 , 56 @entity5550 , 261 @entity2613 not otherwise specified). "Healthy" and "unhealthy" forms of perfectionism and impulsivity were assessed by the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Dickman Impulsivity Inventory, respectively. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire was completed to assess @entity2613 psychopathology. Furthermore, in 229 @entity1 additional @entity2613 symptoms, @entity308 , self-esteem, @entity3119 , and personality features were assessed. RESULTS: The LPA revealed four profiles; 1. "Healthy Impulsivity" ( @entity23 ; n   =   191), 2. "Unhealthy Impulsivity" (UI; n   =   238), 3. "Healthy and Unhealthy Perfectionism" (HP   +   UP; n   =   153), 4. "Healthy Perfectionism" (HP; n   =   262). @entity1 belonging to the "HP   +   UP" and the "UI" classes reported higher levels of @entity2613 psychopathology. More severe comorbid symptoms ( @entity3119 ) were found in the @entity1 belonging to the "HP   +   UP" class. @entity1 from the "HP   +   UP" and "HP" classes had higher scores for the personality features Harm Avoidance, Persistence and Cooperativeness. DISCUSSION: @entity1 with @entity1277 could be meaningfully grouped according to perfectionism and impulsivity. These findings can be used to improve treatment matching and intervention strategies. The use of dimensional features, like perfectionism and impulsivity, in @entity2613 research, may enable the identification of fundamental underlying mechanisms and provide more insight into potential mechanisms that may drive or maintain @entity1277 .    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016).

title: Classifying XXXX based on "healthy" and "unhealthy" perfectionism and impulsivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa, 146 bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'eating disorders', 'disordered eating']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive symptoms', 'depressive, obsessive-compulsive and self-esteem']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['binge-eating disorder']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent research have revealed that circulating miRNAs may offer noninvasive biomarkers for @entity1 disease, offering the prospect for earlier diagnosis, and improved precision of diagnoses. The diagnoses of @entity734 is still mainly based on subjective report and no objective biomarkers available. Many animal and cell studies found that miRNAs were involved in substance use disorders, including @entity285 , @entity1286 , @entity2072 and @entity4944 use disorders. However, no study on circulating miRNAs for @entity734 so far. We investigated the differential expression of plasma miRNAs in 124 @entity1 with @entity888 (MA) use disorders. Based on the preliminary results from microarray screen, plasma expression of 6 candidate miRNAs were measured by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR. We found that the expression of miR181a, @entity27437 , @entity11216 - @entity27436 , @entity11216 - @entity40544 in plasma were decreased compared to normal controls. The expression of the altered miRNAs were negative correlated with drug use frequencies in past months. Our findings suggested that @entity11216 -181a, @entity27437 , @entity27436 and @entity40544 may play a potential role in the pathology of @entity734 , and could serve as a potential peripheral biomarker for @entity734 when confirmed by future studies. Further study are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism modulated by miRNAs and explore potential novel intervention targets.

title: Decreased Expression of Plasma MicroRNA in @entity1 with XXXX (MA) Use Disorder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug use disorders', 'MA use disorder']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['Methamphetamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the incidence and prevalence of @entity2530 in @entity1596 @entity1 . METHODS: An electronic medical record database search was conducted to identify @entity1596 @entity1 with @entity2530 and the number at risk for @entity228 -related @entity2530 from 2003 to 2012. The clinical and ophthalmologic features of the @entity1596 @entity1 with @entity2530 were assessed with retrospective chart reviews. RESULTS: Six @entity1596 @entity1 with @entity2530 were identified, comprising a prevalence of 1.5%. The incidence density was 0.19 per 100 @entity1 -years of follow-up. The uveitides included @entity370 , @entity10352 , idiopathic @entity4816 , idiopathic chronic anterior and intermediate @entity1596 , @entity7375 , and @entity9465 . The duration of systemic @entity228 treatment ranged from 6 weeks to 6 years. The potential systemic risk factors were @entity2407 phenomenon, antiphospholipid and autoantibodies, sickle cell trait, and @entity2395 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2530 appears to be a rare complication among @entity1596 @entity1 , physicians should strive to minimize systemic @entity228 use when appropriate. A higher level of suspicion for @entity2530 may be warranted in @entity1 with additional systemic risk factors.

title: @entity228 -associated XXXX : a rare, but serious, complication in @entity1596 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity9465 :: ('MESH:D055952', 'Disease') :: ['Cogan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi Harada disease']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10352 :: ('MESH:D009879', 'Disease') :: ['sympathetic ophthalmia']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Maintenance fluid therapy represents the volume of fluids and amount of electrolytes and @entity413 needed to replace anticipated physiological losses from breath, sweat and urine and to prevent hypoglycaemia. For 50 years, this therapy was based on Holliday and Segar's formula, which proposed to match @entity1 's water and electrolyte requirements on a weight-based calculation using @entity2421 solutions. Recent publications highlight the risk of hyponatraemia in the postoperative period and the facilitating role of a @entity2421 infusion, leading some @entity1 to recommend replacing @entity2421 with isotonic solutions. RECENT FINDINGS: The postoperative period is at risk for nonosmotic secretion of antidiuretic hormone, which reduces the ability of the kidneys to excrete free water. In the context of antidiuretic hormone release, the associated low urine output makes maintenance volume requirement decrease to 50% of the calculated hourly rate. While isotonic fluids are recommended during anaesthesia, controversies still exist on the nature of fluid for maintenance therapy in the postoperative period. The proof for a benefit of isotonic fluids in this context is weak; further investigations are needed to make a decision. Whatever the choice, an individualized maintenance infusion protocol for each @entity1 is necessary. SUMMARY: As free water excretion is altered for all @entity1 in the postoperative period, it is necessary to reduce the volume of maintenance fluid therapy to half the previously recommended volume. The choice of an isotonic solution should be more pertinent to that of a @entity2421 solution, but evidence is lacking for a definitive answer.

title: Recent developments in the perioperative fluid management for the paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity5 cells often become resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor beta ( @entity641 ). Recent studies have identified @entity15136 (RII) mutations in a subset of @entity5 , including @entity694 . To evaluate the expression of @entity641 RII in premalignant intestinal @entity652 and the relationship with cell cycle regulation, we investigated the expression of @entity641 RII, @entity1896 , and @entity11953 ( @entity11953 ) in Min/+ @entity19 intestinal @entity652 . Immunohistochemistry indicated that @entity641 RII cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was undetectable in the proliferative crypt zones of the normal small intestinal and normal colonic epithelium but was abundant toward the villus tips of the normal small intestine and the lumenal third of the colonic glands. As was observed in the proliferating crypt zones, @entity641 RII immunoreactivity was dramatically decreased or undetectable in all @entity652 examined in comparison to the abundant levels in adjacent normal differentiated intestinal epithelium. @entity641 RII mRNA was also reduced in the @entity652 in comparison to normal mucosa as determined by reverse transcription-PCR. In an inverse distribution to @entity641 RII, @entity11953 nuclear immunoreactivity was restricted to the crypt regions of the small and large intestine, whereas @entity1896 immunoreactivity was uniformly absent in normal intestinal epithelium. For both @entity1896 and @entity11953 , protein and mRNA levels were increased in intestinal @entity652 but not in normal intestinal epithelium as determined by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and reverse transcription-PCR. In summary, the lack of @entity641 RII expression was associated with increased @entity1896 and @entity11953 expression in Min/+ @entity19 intestinal @entity652 . We hypothesize that the former may enable @entity5 cells to escape from the normal growth-constraining influence of @entity641 , whereas the latter promotes inappropriate cell proliferation and @entity652 progression.

title: Decreased transforming growth factor beta type II receptor expression in intestinal @entity652 from Min/+ @entity19 is associated with increased XXXX and @entity11953 expression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1896 :: (12443(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['cyclin D1']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy in the diagnosis of @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective design, we included @entity1 who had a @entity1494 suggesting @entity150 . @entity1 with massive @entity811 , urethral Foley catheter insertion, chronic retention state, or urinary tract infection were excluded. After the bladder was emptied, hexaminolevulinate was gently administered into the bladder. One hour later, cystoscopy under white light and blue light was performed. After marking the lesions confirmed with white light or blue light, transurethral resection of the @entity1494 and pathologic confirmation were done. Transurethral resection of the lesions that were negative in both white and blue light was also performed. RESULTS: From April 2010 to September 2010, 30 @entity1 were enrolled. From the total of 30 @entity1 (25 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ; mean age, 60.4  9.22 years), 134 specimens were extracted. Among these, 101 specimens showed positive results by blue light cystoscopy (BLC). The sensitivity of BLC and white light cystoscopy (WLC) was 92.3% and 80.8%, respectively (p=0.021). The specificity of BLC and WLC was 48% and 49.1%, respectively (p>0.05). The positive and negative predictive values of BLC were 71.2% and 81.8%, respectively, whereas those of WLC were 72.0% and 68.6%, respectively. With WLC, 48 specimens showed negative findings, but of that group, 15 specimens (31.2%) were revealed to be malignant with BLC. There were no significant side effects in the 24 hours after the instillation of @entity29721 . CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic diagnosis with hexaminolevulinate helps to find @entity5 that could be missed by use of WLC only. Photodynamic diagnosis might be valuable in complete resection as well as for more accurate diagnosis of @entity150 .

title: Efficacy and safety of hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity29721 :: ('MESH:C419924', 'Chemical') :: ['hexaminolevulinate']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Liposomal encapsulation of @entity8253 is a potential method of drug targeting, altering both the antitumour activity and side-effect profile of @entity8253 . Liposomal @entity5699 (daunoxome) shows both altered pharmacokinetics and a potential for reducing dose-limiting @entity1370 compared to conventional @entity5699 . @entity8253 have a common role in the treatment of @entity1582 , a prevalent and fatal @entity5 . Avoiding cumulative @entity4349 @entity137 in these @entity1 is important. There is also a need for more effective relapse schedules given that many @entity1 have chemosensitive disease at relapse. We have analysed daunoxome in vitro in @entity1582 cell lines using a @entity1014 -based @entity137 assay and show superior efficacy compared to a pegylated liposomal @entity632 derivative. Subsequently we have treated seven relapsed @entity1582 @entity1 with a regime consisting of oral CCNU 25-50 mg/m2 on day 1, 4 days of oral @entity619 10 mg/m2 and intravenous daunoxome (liposomal @entity5699 ) given for 4 days (total 100 mg/m2). The main @entity137 was myelosuppression but non-haematological @entity137 was minimal and the regime was well tolerated. Four out of seven of these heavily pretreated @entity1 responded. Together with the in vitro data on its @entity137 in @entity1582 and its favourable pharmacokinetic profile further studies of liposomal @entity5699 in @entity1582 would be warranted.

title: Liposomal XXXX : in vitro and in vivo efficacy in @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracyclines', 'anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity5699 :: (MESH:D003630,Chemical) :: ['daunorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) has been widely used as an industrial solvent and degreasing agent. AIMS: We conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of occupational @entity4966 exposure and @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) or @entity1778 . METHODS: We identified a total of eight cohort or case-control studies that enumerated a @entity4966 -exposed study population and presented relative risk (RR) estimates for @entity1582 (n = 7) and/or @entity1778 (n = 7). The individual studies included aerospace or aircraft workers (n = 3 studies), workers from a transformer manufacturing plant (n = 1 study) and workers from numerous occupations who, based on biomonitoring or extensive industrial hygiene exposure measurements, were likely exposed to @entity4966 (n = 4). We used random effects models to calculate summary relative risk estimates (SRRE). In addition, we examined heterogeneity across studies and the relative influence of each individual study on the overall meta-analysis. RESULTS: No association was observed for @entity1582 (SRRE = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.80-1.38; P value for heterogeneity = 0.94) or @entity1778 (SRRE = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.93-1.32; P value for heterogeneity = 0.50), based on @entity4966 -exposed subgroup meta-analyses. Study-specific RR estimates for @entity1582 ranged between 0.57 and 1.62. RRs for @entity1778 ranged between 1.05 and 1.15 in five studies, while one study reported a 2-fold increased RR and another study reported an inverse association of 0.60. All confidence intervals (CIs) for study-specific estimates included 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis do not support an etiologic association between occupational @entity4966 exposure and risk of @entity1582 or @entity1778 .

title: A meta-analysis of occupational @entity4965 exposure and XXXX or @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: The analgesic and discriminative stimulus properties of U-62,066E, a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, were investigated in the @entity35 and compared with those of @entity1286 . In the hot-plate test, U-62,066E produced a potent analgesic effect almost comparable to that of @entity1286 . U-62,066E-induced @entity1337 was far less sensitive to antagonism by @entity1510 than was @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 , but was potently reversed by @entity4597 , a kappa-receptor antagonist. Although tolerance occurred to both U-62,066E and @entity1286 @entity1337 , there was no cross-tolerance between these drugs. U-62,066E did show cross-tolerance to @entity4596 , another selective kappa-receptor agonist. @entity35 were trained to discriminate either 1.0 mg/kg U-62,066E or 3.2 mg/kg @entity1286 from saline in a two-level food-reinforced procedure. The stimulus effect of U-62,066E was substituted for by U-50,488H and E-2078 a stable dynorphin derivative, but not by @entity1286 . None of the kappa-agonists substituted for the @entity1286 stimulus. Although U-62,066E stimulus by itself was not antagonized by @entity4597 or @entity1510 up to as high a dose as 10 mg/kg, the U-62,066E-like stimulus effect of U-50,488H was markedly blocked by @entity4597 . The @entity935 antagonists @entity1767 and @entity3216 substituted for the U-62,066E stimulus cue that was, however, not attenuated by the @entity935 agonist @entity30303 . @entity30303 reversed the U-62,066E-like stimulus induced by U-50,488H.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Analgesic and discriminative stimulus properties of U-62,066E, the selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity30303 :: ('MESH:D008090', 'Chemical') :: ['Lisuride', 'lisuride']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We undertook cost analysis for diagnosis of @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ) using present algorithm under Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme and using Xpert @entity35162 (Xpert) as frontline test or in conjunction with smear microscopy and/or chest radiography. METHODS: Costs were estimated for different strategies: (A) present algorithm involving sputum smear examination followed by antibiotic trial in smear negative @entity1 , repeat smear examination (RE) if symptoms continue and chest radiography if RE negative; (B) direct Xpert; (C) smear microscopy followed by Xpert in smear negative @entity1 ; (D) radiography followed by Xpert in those having abnormal pulmonary shadows; and (E) smear examination followed by radiography among smear negative @entity1 and Xpert in presence of abnormal pulmonary shadow. RESULTS: Cost to program was estimated lowest with Strategy A and highest with Strategy B. Compared to the latter, program cost reduces by 7%, 4.5%, and 17.4% by strategies C, D, and E, respectively. Cost to the group of individuals with presumptive @entity1907 and their attendants is significantly higher for Strategy A compared to other four strategies. Among the latter, the @entity1 ' cost was minimum with Strategy B and maximum with Strategy C. Program cost per case diagnosed was lowest by Strategy A and highest by Strategy B. @entity1 cost per case diagnosed was highest by Strategy A and lowest by Strategy B. Using Xpert, Strategy E had the lowest program as well as overall cost per case diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Strategy E may be chosen for diagnosis of @entity1907 . When resources would no longer be a constraint, direct Xpert would reduce costs incurred by the @entity1 .

title: Cost analysis of different diagnostic algorithms for XXXX varying in placement of Xpert @entity35162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'PTB']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Inflammation can be a process significant to the development of @entity161 and @entity209 that are frequently found in @entity1 suffering from @entity161 . The aim of this study was to determine the values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity2002 concentration and to establish their possible association with @entity15 and its components in @entity161 @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 subjects who were divided into two groups. The study group consisted of @entity161 @entity1 from the University Clinical Hospital Mostar (n=100), while the control group consisted of healthy subjects who came for systematic medical examinations at the infirmary of the Health Center Mostar (n=100). The diagnosis of @entity15 was made according to NCEP-ATP III criteria, and on that basis subjects from both groups were divided into two subgroups, one with and one without @entity15 . Inflammatory indicators that were determinated were erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity2002 concentration. RESULTS: Statistically, @entity15 was significantly more frequent in @entity161 subjects (46.0%) compared to the control group (29.0%) (p=0.013). @entity161 subjects with @entity15 had statistically higher sedimentation rate and @entity2002 concentration compared to the @entity161 subjects without @entity15 , as well as compared to the control subgroup without @entity15 . The most significant correlations discovered were for the relation of sedimentation rate with systolic (r=0.41) and diastolic (r=0.34) blood pressures. CONCLUSION: Routine monitoring of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity2002 concentration might have an important role in forecasting @entity15 development and consequent adverse cardiovascular events which are the leading cause of mortality in @entity161 @entity1 .

title: Association of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity2002 concentration with @entity209 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: Patterns of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cell invasion, colonization and @entity3 were studied in C57 @entity19 uteri. @entity2 cells (5 X 10(4) in 0.05 ml) were infused nonsurgically into nonpregnant and pregnant uteri, 3 days postcoitum. The fate of cells was studied histologically on days 2, 5 and 18 posttreatment (PT). Despite a large degeneration of @entity2 cells in the lumina of both the pregnant and nonpregnant @entity19 , in 38% of these uteri, @entity5 cells had invaded the endometrium by day 2 PT. However, subsequent distribution of @entity5 cells differed remarkably between the pregnant and the nonpregnant uteri. By day 5 PT, in 66% of the nonpregnant @entity19 , @entity5 cells were common in the endometrium and @entity3 in other organs were seen in 40% of the animals. But in the pregnant @entity19 only 40% uteri showed @entity5 cells and no @entity3 was recorded. On day 18 PT @entity5 cells were rare in the nonpregnant uteri, but significantly, 75% of those animals showed lung and liver @entity3 . In pregnant @entity19 , @entity5 cells neither survived in the uteri nor metastasized to other organs. @entity2 cells, infused into nonpregnant uteri, promptly metastasized to lungs without colonizing the uteri: this unique system may provide insight into the effects of organ-specific host factors on the growth and metastatic potential of @entity5 cells.

title: Invasion and XXXX of @entity2 in the @entity19 uterus.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma', 'LLC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe the clinical course and treatment patterns over 24 months of @entity1 experiencing an acute @entity162 /mixed episode within the standard course of care. METHODS: EMBLEM was a 2-year European prospective, observational study on outcomes of @entity1 experiencing a @entity162 /mixed episode. Adults with @entity162 were enrolled within the standard course of care as in/outpatients if they initiated or changed oral medication for treatment of acute @entity162 . After completing 12 weeks of acute phase, @entity1 were assessed every 3-6 months during the maintenance phase. We present the 24 month results, with subgroup analysis for @entity325 ( @entity325 ) and pure @entity162 (PM). These subgroup analyses are driven by the high proportion of antidepressants prescribed in this cohort. RESULTS: In France, 771 @entity1 were eligible for the maintenance phase. 69% of @entity1 completed the follow up over 24 months. The mean age was 45.5 years (sd = 13.6) with 57% of @entity1 . 504 (66%) @entity1 were experiencing a PM and 262 (34%) a @entity325 at baseline. The main significant differences in @entity325 vs. PM at baseline were: a higher rate of @entity1 , and in the previous 12 months, a higher frequency of episodes ( @entity162 /mixed and @entity308 ), more suicide attempts, more rapid cycling, fewer social activities and more @entity73 . Over the 24 months of follow-up the @entity325 group had a significantly lower recovery than PM (36% vs. 46%, p = 0.006). Overall, 42% of all @entity1 were started on monotherapy and 58% on combination therapy; of those 35% and 30% respectively remained on their initial medication throughout the 24 months. At baseline, 36% were treated with an antidepressant, this proportion remains high throughout the follow-up period, with a significantly higher rate for @entity325 vs. PM at 24 months (55% vs. 27%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this large sample, @entity325 occur frequently (34%), they are more severe at baseline and have a worse functional prognosis than PM. Although antidepressants are not recommended in @entity325 and PM, they were frequently prescribed at baseline and are maintained during the 24 months of follow-up.

title: Mixed states vs. pure @entity162 in the French sample of the EMBLEM study: results at baseline and 24 months--European XXXX in @entity162 evaluation of medication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['work impairment']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mixed states']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['mania']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate acute and long-term symptomatic, haemodynamic (at rest and during exercise) and electrophysiological results of transcoronary ablation of @entity1184 (TASH), a catheter interventional treatment for @entity1121 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-two transcoronary ablations of @entity1184 were performed by injection of 4.6+/-2.6 ml 96% @entity1068 into septal branches in 50 @entity1 with @entity1121 and severe symptoms. Serial left and right heart catheterization, transoesophageal echocardiography and electrophysiological investigations were repeated 2 weeks and 7+/-1 months (n=37) after intervention. Transcoronary ablation of @entity1184 led to a reduction in septal thickness, sustained elimination of the outflow obstruction (51+/-41 vs 6+/-10 mmHg at rest, P<0.001; 134+/-48 vs 28+/-32 mmHg, P<0.001, post-extrasystolic), a decrease in left ventricular filling pressures at rest and during exercise and a pronounced clinical improvement. There was no evidence for the creation of an arrhythmogenic substrate as assessed by serial programmed electrical stimulation in 39 @entity1 . However, permanent high-grade @entity713 occurred in 17% of the @entity1 . There were two early, but no late deaths during a mean follow-up time of 10. 6+/-5.6 months. CONCLUSION: Transcoronary ablation of @entity1184 is a promising new treatment for @entity1121 in @entity1 with severe symptoms. It should now be compared with alternative treatment strategies in prospective randomized studies.

title: Acute and long-term results after transcoronary ablation of @entity1184 (TASH). Catheter interventional treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['septal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Chronic @entity393 is compensated by functional adaptations which preserve electrolyte homeostasis. The response to volume expansion and diuretics was tested in @entity235 . Three phase recollection micropuncture studies were performed to assess the response of the remnant kidney in various stages of @entity177 to @entity1483 administration (10 mg/Kg) and graded volume expansion (3 percent and 10 percent body weight). After the diuretic maneuvers, mean fractional excretion of @entity1372 , @entity972 and water rose progressively in normal @entity235 (Stage I), with a greater increase in the remnant kidneys in the presence (Stage II) and absence (Stage III) of the contralateral kidney. Proximal and distal TF/P (Inulin) ratios were @entity308 after 3 percent volume expansion. However, proximal TF/P (Inulin) was not further lowered after 10 percent volume expansion and @entity1483 administration, while distal TF/P (Inulin) ratios were progressively @entity308 . The distal TF/P (Inulin) ratios in Stage III were significantly lower than in Stage II under analogous conditions. Our results suggest that the adaptive increase in the response of @entity1372 transport by the remnant kidney to the diuretic maneuvers occurs in the loop of Henle, both in the azotemic and the non-azotemic stage. Adaptation of @entity972 excretion, as revealed by distal micropuncture, took place in the azotemic Stage III. Chronic functional adaptation for electrolyte transport occurs even before @entity2629 in the distal nephron and includes the proximal tubule with @entity2629 .

title: Chronic reduction in renal mass: micropuncture studies of response to volume expansion and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['nephron loss']

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: Thirty-two @entity1 affected with skeletal conditions were examined with MRI using Short TI Inversion Recovery sequence and Spectral Presaturation with Inversion Recovery (SPIR) sequence as well as @entity7959 -Echo (SE) T1-weighted sequence and Fast @entity7959 -Echo (FSE) T2-weighted sequence to compare their value in the assessment of skeletal lesions. SPIR sequence was performed after intravenous injection of @entity7241 . The lesions included primary @entity3478 (10 cases: 1 @entity421 , 1 @entity1048 , 1 @entity2828 , 1 @entity511 , 2 non-ossifying @entity81 , 1 @entity83 , 1 chondromyxoid @entity81 , 1 @entity20392 and 1 @entity2001 ), @entity3 (7 cases: 3 prostate, 3 breast, 1 @entity957 ), @entity281 (12 cases: 9 @entity4034 , 3 @entity1512 ), @entity6592 (1 case) and posttraumatic @entity79 (2 cases of @entity236 ). The four sequences were compared by using both qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Qualitative evaluation showed that STIR sequence was better than SPIR sequence (performed with @entity7241 ) for lesion conspicuity (p < .016) and for signal intensity uniformity (p < .03). Compared with SE T1 and FSE T2 sequences, fat-suppressed sequences were superior for conspicuity, margins, and extension of the lesions (range of p < .001-.017). Only SPIR with @entity7241 sequence, compared with SE T1 sequence for lesion conspicuity was not statistically significantly different. Quantitative evaluation showed statistically significant higher values of percent contrast (%C) and contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N) for STIR sequence compared with SPIR sequence (%C p < .004; C/N p < .040). This study suggests that STIR sequence and SE T1-weighted sequence provide high sensitivity in lesion detection and good anatomical definition. The use of a fat-suppressed sequence with @entity7241 can be useful for lesion characterization.

title: [Comparison of magnetic resonance XXXX -echo sequences and fat-suppressed sequences in @entity79 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['chondroma']

entities_list: @entity20392 :: ('MESH:D018220', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic fibroma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['lung-squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone bruise']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma', 'fibromas']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['periosteal sarcoma']

answer: @entity7959 :: (10927,Gene) :: ['Spin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of population-based mammographic screening on @entity0 mortality in Europe, considering different methodologies and limitations of the data. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review of European trend studies (n = 17), incidence-based mortality (IBM) studies (n = 20) and case-control (CC) studies (n = 8). Estimates of the reduction in @entity0 mortality for @entity1 invited versus not invited and/or for @entity1 screened versus not screened were obtained. The results of IBM studies and CC studies were each pooled using a random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twelve of the 17 trend studies quantified the impact of population-based screening on @entity0 mortality. The estimated @entity0 mortality reductions ranged from 1% to 9% per year in studies reporting an annual percentage change, and from 28% to 36% in those comparing post- and prescreening periods. In the IBM studies, the pooled mortality reduction was 25% (relative risk [RR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.81) among invited @entity1 and 38% (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.56-0.69) among those actually screened. The corresponding pooled estimates from the CC studies were 31% (odds ratio [OR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.57-0.83), and 48% (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.42-0.65) adjusted for self-selection. CONCLUSIONS: Valid observational designs are those where sufficient longitudinal individual data are available, directly linking a @entity1 's screening history to her cause of @entity204 . From such studies, the best 'European' estimate of @entity0 mortality reduction is 25-31% for @entity1 invited for screening, and 38-48% for @entity1 actually screened. Much of the current controversy on @entity0 screening is due to the use of inappropriate methodological approaches that are unable to capture the true effect of mammographic screening.

title: The impact of mammographic screening on XXXX mortality in Europe: a review of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Since the appearance of transesophageal echocardiography, the long-term prognosis of @entity1 with negative blood culture @entity884 (NBCIE) has been found to be similar to that of @entity1 with positive blood culture @entity884 (PBCIE). Nevertheless, the prognostic implications of NBCIE in the elderly (>65 years) has not, to date, been well documented. Our aim was to study the long-term prognosis of elderly @entity1 with NBCIE and compare it with that of elderly @entity1 with PBCIE. METHODS: Our study group was composed of 60 consecutive @entity1 >65 years old with a diagnosis of IE (confirmed by vegetation analysis or following Duke's criteria). Every @entity1 underwent transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Fifty @entity1 (83.3%) had PBCIE and 10 (16.7%) had NBCIE. All @entity1 were followed up long-term, and the study end point was a composite one of @entity204 or need for valvular heart surgery. RESULTS: Mean age was 72.9 +/- 5 years (56.7% male). Similar clinical and echocardiographic characteristics were found in both groups. Global mortality, need for surgery, predisposing factors and @entity281 location were also similar in both groups. In addition, no differences were found in the long-term prognosis (log rank p = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, the long-term prognosis in elderly @entity1 with IE is independent of the presence of a negative or positive blood culture. Thus, age cannot be considered an independent risk factor of negative outcome in elderly @entity1 with NBCIE.

title: Negative blood culture XXXX in the elderly: long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: Few published data are available on the quality of @entity6 care in Norway. This applies both to general practice and to hospital clinics. We reviewed the notes of 1,876 @entity6 @entity1 who were registered with general practitioners in Salten and Rogaland to assess the quality of care with reference to the Norwegian College of General Practitioners' guidelines for @entity6 care. 89% of @entity1 were classified as having type-2 @entity6 . Hospital clinics were responsible for the care of 93 @entity1 . Analysis of the results showed that during the last 12 months Hb A1c and blood pressure had been measured in 84 and in 86% of those @entity1 under the care of their general practitioner. Some inspection of the foot had been carried out in 45% of the @entity1 , and 37% of the @entity1 had been referred to an ophthalmologist. Guideline targets for glycaemic control had been achieved in 46% of @entity1 younger than 70 years of age (Hb A1c < 7.5%), and in 82% of @entity1 older than 69 years of age (Hb A1c < 9%). @entity6 @entity1 on insulin therapy had the worst glycaemic control. The study shows that the quality of @entity6 care is not optimal, examination of the foot, referral for eye examination and glycaemic control of @entity6 @entity1 on insulin therapy are examples of areas where improvement is needed.

title: [ XXXX care in Norwegian general practice. A report of current status from Salten and some regions in Rogaland].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1489 are the most frequent @entity5 in the white population and mainly caused by cumulative exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. On account of this origination about 80% of all @entity1489 are located on the arms or the head and neck. Standard treatment for most @entity5 is surgical resection, with often only moderate cosmetic outcome. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective clinical trial the effect of photodynamic therapy on primary @entity1489 of the head and neck (basal cell @entity5 ) was tested. In this study Foscan (meta-Tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin/mTHPC), a systemic photosensitizer of the second generation, was applied. @entity1 were injected 0.15 mg/kg or 0.10 mg/kg Foscan intravenously 96 hours prior to laser light exposure. Light was delivered via fibres by an @entity3503 -dye laser at 652 nm, 100 mW/cm(2) and a light dose of 5-20 J/cm(2). RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 with a total of 97 @entity1489 and a mean follow up of 15 months (ranging 3-24 months) were treated. Within several days @entity5 @entity39 appeared followed by wound healing within 4-8 weeks, leaving only minor scars behind. Ninety @entity5 (92.7%) showed a complete response with an excellent cosmetic outcome and only seven @entity5 responded by partial success due to low light dosage. The cosmetic outcome was very good and the therapy was supported by a high degree of @entity1 satisfaction. CONCLUSION: By choosing the correct drug and light dosage, a selective @entity5 @entity39 can be obtained. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Foscan seems to be a promising new and safe treatment modality for the treatment of primary @entity1489 of the head and neck that can substitute surgical therapy, offering an even better cosmetic outcome.

title: Photodynamic therapy of primary XXXX of the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer, squamous cell cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanomatous skin tumours', 'Nonmelanomatous skin tumours']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['nonmelanomatous skin tumours']


abstract: Kraepelin said severe @entity1032 was due to 2 diseases subsequently characterized as disorders of thought vs @entity1316 , ie, the Kraepelinian dichotomy. @entity161 , traditionally considered the disorder of thought, has been defined by the presence of @entity1833 , delusions, @entity2436 , and disorganization. Tangentiality, derailment, loose associations, and thought blocking are typically considered pathognomonic of @entity161 . By contrast, the @entity1316 have been characterized only as @entity74 , though both @entity308 and @entity162 , when severe, are now recognized to include the same @entity716 features traditionally considered diagnostic of @entity161 . This article addresses disordered thinking in @entity162 in order to clarify the relationship between @entity161 and @entity6406 . Normally, the brain's selective attention mechanism filters and prioritizes incoming stimuli by excluding from consciousness extraneous, low-priority stimuli and grading the importance of more relevant data. Because this "filter/prioritizer" becomes defective in @entity162 , tangential stimuli are processed without appropriate prioritization. Observed as distractibility, this symptom is an index of the breakdown in selective attention and the severity of @entity162 , accounting for the signs and symptoms of @entity716 thinking. The zone of rarity between @entity161 and @entity6406 is blurred because severe @entity1316 are also disorders of thought. This relationship calls into question the tenet that @entity161 is a disease separate from @entity6406 . @entity1 whose case histories are discussed herein gave their written informed consent to participate in this institutional @entity1 subjects committee-approved protocol.

title: Disorders of thought are severe XXXX : the selective attention defect in @entity162 challenges the Kraepelinian dichotomy a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders', 'disorders of mood']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of the emotions']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity6406 :: ('MESH:D000341', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonia']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: We present a case of a 60-year-old Caucasian @entity1 , with no prior history of swellings, who was admitted to a hospital due to life-threatening @entity4 . She had, the previous day, been prescribed an @entity1289 inhibitor for her essential @entity101 . She had taken one tablet at night-time, and awoke in the morning with a swollen face progressing to involve the tongue and throat within a few hours. On arrival at her doctor's office, her voice had altered. @entity288 and @entity16206 were administered while awaiting an ambulance. Arriving at the emergency department, she had dyspnoea due to increasingly severe @entity4 of the upper airways. Neither @entity1425 inhalations, intravenously administrated @entity288 , @entity3897 nor @entity1483 were effective and the @entity1 soon become bradycardic. A tracheotomy was performed and the @entity1 was placed on a ventilator. She eventually made a full recovery. It was concluded that she had suffered from life-threatening @entity4 due to her new medication.

title: Life-threatening @entity4 after the first dose of an XXXX inhibitor-not an anaphylactic reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['angio-oedema']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids', 'Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Secondary upper @entity4269 occurs in 15 to 20% of @entity1 after @entity0 treatment. Surgery may be required on lymphedematous limb. The aim of our study was to analyze the effects of surgery on @entity4269 volume. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity3140 after @entity0 treatment were recruited. Mean age at time of @entity0 was 45.6 +/- 8 years. @entity0 was localized at right side and was treated with mammectomy (n=4), radiotherapy (n=8), chemotherapy (n=4) and antiestrogen (n=5). Mean duration of @entity4269 before upper limb surgery was 10 years. Six @entity1 reported one or more previous cellulitis. Surgery was indicated for @entity923 (n=6), forearm (n=2) or humeral (n=1) @entity174 . @entity4269 volume, calculated by the difference of volume between the lymphedematous and the contralateral arm, was compared before and after surgery. RESULTS: Six @entity1 had carpal tunnel release by transecting the transverse carpal ligament under local anesthesia with short total time tourniquet. Humeral and @entity174 were treated with osteosynthesis. Before surgery, @entity4269 volume of upper limb was 747 +/- 315 ml. @entity4269 management included low stretch bandages, elastic sleeve, manual lymph drainage. After 8 months follow up, @entity4269 volume was significantly higher, 858 +/- 293 ml (p=0.012). Mean absolute variation of @entity4269 volume was 111 ml (CI 95%: 32 to 109 ml), i.e. 15% of pre surgery @entity4269 volume. CONCLUSION: Surgery of @entity923 or osteosynthesis for @entity174 may lead to increased @entity4269 volume in @entity1 previously treated for @entity0 despite compressive therapy.

title: [Poor influence of surgery on XXXX volume in @entity1 after @entity0 treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'forearm fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphedema', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['upper limb lymphedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since 1985, we introduced a modified combination of @entity2879 , @entity1260 , and @entity900 ( @entity8681 ) as second-line therapy of adult @entity33600 with the aim to reduce toxic effect while maintaining efficacy over the original regimen. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received four cycles of @entity1260 at 2.5 g/m(2) on days 1-2, @entity2879 , and @entity900 at 100 and 33 mg/m(2), respectively, on days 3-5 every 21 days, followed by surgery. Results were stratified according to the International Germ Cell Consensus Classification Group-2 (IGCCCG-2). RESULTS: From February 1985 to January 2012, 189 @entity1 were treated. 72.6% were IGCCCG-2 intermediate-to-very high risk. Thirty-five @entity1 (18.5%) had a complete response, 67 (35.4%) a marker normalization (PRm-). Median follow-up was 122.1 months (inter-quartile range [IQR]: 71.4-232.0). Two-year progression-free and 5-year overall survival were 34.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 28.1% to 41.9%] and 42.1% (95% CI 35.3% to 50.2%), respectively. Survival estimates compared favorably with those obtained by conventional dose chemotherapy (CDCT) regimens in each prognostic category. 70.4% of grade 3-4 @entity1398 (25.5% @entity1398 ), 48.1% @entity882 , 21.2% @entity417 , 3.2% @entity2359 effect, and no severe @entity8 were recorded. CONCLUSION: Dose-modified Italian @entity8681 should be considered as an appropriate benchmark for CDCT in the first salvage setting.

title: Modified @entity900 , @entity2879 , and @entity1260 ( @entity8681 ) salvage therapy for XXXX : long-term efficacy and safety outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxic effect']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity33600 :: ('MESH:C564777', 'Disease') :: ['male germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity33600 :: (MESH:C564777,Disease) :: ['male germ cell tumors']


abstract: Specimens of the anterior lens capsule with an attached monolayer of lens epithelial cells (LECs) were obtained from @entity1 (n=52) undergoing @entity231 surgery. Specimens were divided into three groups based on the type of @entity231 : nuclear @entity231 , cortical @entity231 and @entity231 ( @entity231 ). Clear lenses (n=11) obtained from donor eyes were used as controls. Expression was studied by immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and Western blot. Statistical analysis was done using the student's t-test. Immunofluorescence results showed punctate localization of @entity495 at the cell boundaries in controls, nuclear @entity231 and @entity231 groups. In the cortical @entity231 group, cytoplasmic pools of @entity495 without any localization at the cell boundaries were observed. Real-time PCR results showed significant up-regulation of @entity495 in nuclear and cortical @entity231 groups. Western blot results revealed significant increase in protein levels of @entity495 and significant decrease of @entity11178 in all three @entity231 groups. Protein levels of @entity19207 were decreased significantly in nuclear and cortical @entity231 group. There was no significant change in expression of @entity3546 in the cataractous groups. Our findings suggest that @entity11178 and @entity19207 are important for gap junctions containing @entity495 in the LECs. Alterations in cell junction proteins may play a role during formation of different types of @entity231 .

title: @entity495 , @entity11178 , @entity19207 and XXXX in cataractous lens epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['posterior subcapsular cataract', 'PSC', 'cataract']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['beta-catenin']


abstract: 1. 166 @entity1 with @entity451 occurring before the age of 15 are presented, of whom 116 are available for the study. 2. @entity1635 of more than 15 degrees developed in approximately one-half of the @entity1 . 3. @entity1 with @entity912 appear to be particularly endangered. 4. The primary @entity3510 as a result of an accident plays only a minor role in the development of @entity1635 . 5. The asymmetric neurological level of @entity912 is seen as a significant cause of @entity1635 . 6. As prophylaxis, a spinal support as well as standing and walking exercises, including balance exercises, are recommended. 7. As possible therapy in cases with proven asymmetric @entity16 , @entity1514 may be discussed in order to achieve a balanced @entity912 .

title: Scoliotic growth in XXXX with acquired @entity451 [proceedings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal column injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis', 'scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['rhizotomy of several thoracic spinal nerves']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis', 'thoracic paralysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in @entity1 with @entity135 has not been performed so far. Therefore, this method as a staging tool was tested in a pilot study. In two consecutive @entity1 , a lymphoscintigraphy, elective neck dissection with radio-guided sentinel lymph node identification, and resection of the primary were performed. The histopathological status of the sentinel lymph node was compared with the lymphadenectomy specimen and with the clinical course. @entity1 no. 1, in whom both the sentinel lymph node and the lymphadenectomy specimen were found to be free of @entity5 , is well and with no evidence of disease, the follow-up interval being 19 months. @entity1 no. 2, with the sentinel lymph node and remaining lymphatic basin being positive and negative, respectively, developed hematogenous dissemination 3 months after the primary treatment, and he was started on palliative chemotherapy. In @entity320 , the prognostic significance of clinical nodal status is controversial, resulting in the lack of an official, applicable TNM classification and also of therapeutic guidelines. The presence of microscopic metastatic focus in the sentinel lymph node was associated with an early hematogenous dissemination. Therefore, sentinel lymph node biopsy, which represents a potentially efficient staging tool, warrants further investigation.

title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy: A new perspective in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck mucosal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck mucosal melanoma']