abstract: OBJECTIVE: High-risk @entity1082 (HR-HPV) persistence is thought to be necessary for the development of @entity5 . Because not all cases of @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) or higher-grade @entity2784 are associated with @entity9273 in @entity1 with these @entity854 may be clinically useful for management. The aim of this study was to detect HR-HPV in @entity1 with @entity2784 or higher-grade cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a multicenter, prospective clinical study, residual liquid-based cytological specimens from 3,966 US @entity1 were analyzed. @entity1 with @entity2784 or higher-grade cytology underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy as clinically indicated. The test was used to detect HR-HPV in @entity1 with cytologically diagnosed @entity2784 or higher, with histological confirmation of cervical @entity5 (CIN 2) or worse by a central review panel. RESULTS: Among subjects with @entity2784 or higher-grade cytology and complete data sets, 11.8% (41/347) were diagnosed with CIN 2 or worse; 82.1% (285/347) were HR-HPV positive. The prevalence of CIN 2 or worse and CIN 3 or worse was 14.4% (41/285) and 7.0% (20/285), respectively, among subjects who were HR-HPV positive. All subjects diagnosed with CIN 2 or worse (41/41) and CIN 3 or worse (20/20) tested positive for HR-HPV. Sensitivity and negative predictive value calculated for CIN 2 or worse were 100% (95% CI = 91.4%-100.0%) and 100% (95% CI = 94.2%-100.0%), respectively. Specificity and positive predictive value among these subjects were 20.3% (95% CI = 16.1%-25.1%) and 14.4% (95% CI = 10.8%-18.9%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of HR-HPV in @entity1 with @entity2784 or higher-grade cytology using the HPV HR test may allow clinicians to further triage @entity1 for advanced clinical management.

title: High-risk XXXX detection in @entity1 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or higher-grade cytology using the Cervista HPV HR test.

entities_list: @entity9273 :: ('OMIM:167959', 'Disease') :: ['HR-HPV, detection of HR-HPV']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia 2', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cervical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'LSIL']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: At least 30 epidemiologic studies designed to identify an association between hormone-replacement therapy and @entity0 risk have been published since 1974. In general, the design, quality, and analytic strategies used in these studies have improved over the years, and the number of subjects in each study has increased. The results from studies published prior to 1985 can be summarized as showing a small increase in the risk of @entity0 after many years of @entity172 use. Even this tentative conclusion is debatable, however, since many rigorous studies showed no association between @entity172 use and @entity0 . This review will summarize the earlier findings and emphasize several large, recent studies that add at least two new dimensions to this body of research; they provide data from Europe and on the addition of @entity7828 to the therapeutic regimen. This review indicates the following: 1. Analyses of ever versus never use of @entity172 -replacement therapy show no association with @entity0 risk. 2. Duration of @entity172 -replacement therapy affects risk. Based on studies in the United States, a relative risk of about 1.5 may be reached after 15 or more years of use. 3. The increase in risk after long-duration hormone use is present for @entity1 with either a natural or a surgical menopause. 4. European studies exhibit higher risks after shorter durations of hormone use than do US studies. 5. The type of @entity172 used and the addition of @entity7828 to hormone-replacement therapy may alter the risk of @entity0 . Data that substantiate these points are reviewed and placed in context with hormonal theories of @entity105 .

title: Hormone-replacement therapy and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A 62-year-old male underwent resection of @entity320 of left breast skin in 2006. In 2007, he underwent lymph node dissection and chemotherapy (DAV-feron therapy) for left axillary lymph nodes @entity3 . In Aug 2008, he was referred to our department with chief complaint of macrohematuria. Two non-papillary @entity150 were detedted on cystoscopy and CT/ MRI showed multiple lymph node swelling, including left inguinal, paraaortic, and right cervical regions. As @entity320 cells were found on urinary cytology, a diagnosis of metastatic @entity1494 was made. It was thought that @entity5 resection would not contribute to prognostic improvement because of multiple lymph node @entity3 . Therefore, @entity5 resection was not performed. The @entity1 is currently receiving chemotherapy. This is the eleventh case of metastatic @entity1494 to be reported in the Japanese literature. There have been no previous reports of cases in which urinary cytology was positive for @entity320 cells.

title: [Metastatic XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: Chronic administration of opiates to @entity35 results in @entity2270 and abstinence-induced @entity4089 . The effects of specific mu and kappa tolerance and withdrawal on the functional secretion of the @entity2270 were evaluated in this study. Adult male @entity35 were injected s.c. twice daily with saline, @entity1286 or U50,488 for 5 days. Serum adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or @entity2819 (CS) were determined by radioimmunoassay as measures of @entity2270 function. Tolerance to @entity1286 (10 mg/kg) and U50,488 (1 mg/kg), but no cross-tolerance, was observed suggesting the development of mu- or kappa-specific tolerance, respectively. Tolerance does not occur at the pituitary or adrenal levels after these paradigms because ACTH and CS responses to exogenous @entity3317 -releasing factor and ACTH, respectively, were not attenuated. CS secretion in response to novelty stress was not affected by either chronic opiate treatment, but the circadian variation of CS levels was slightly blunted after chronic @entity1286 . In contrast, the elevation of CS secretion by @entity13613 (0.5 mg/kg) and @entity2607 (0.1 mg/kg) was attenuated after chronic U50,488, but not @entity1286 administration. Both spontaneous and antagonist-precipitated withdrawal from @entity1286 , but not U50,488, resulted in elevation of CS levels. Low doses of @entity1286 suppressed @entity1286 abstinence-induced CS @entity4089 , whereas, U50,488 and @entity1338 had no effect. In conclusion, alterations of @entity2270 function occur during chronic mu or kappa opiate administration that are receptor-specific and involve multiple neural controls of the @entity2270 .

title: Effects of specific mu and kappa opiate tolerance and abstinence on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis secretion in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hypersecretion']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis tolerance', 'HPA axis']

entities_list: @entity13613 :: ('MESH:D011814', 'Chemical') :: ['quipazine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['corticotropin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with multiple @entity2695 often present with @entity99 . They can follow a benign clinical course or require complex management. We reviewed our experience in the management of @entity99 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity1 (1996-2007) with @entity99 treated in our institution. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity99 as follows: 8 focal, 12 multiple, and 6 diffuse lesions. Nineteen (73%) @entity1 had associated @entity2695 . Sixteen @entity1 had multiple and 3 @entity1 had single @entity2695 . All @entity1 with multiple or @entity409 were screened for @entity712 and @entity1375 . @entity712 developed in 4 @entity1 , 3/4 of these @entity1 had diffuse lesions. Two @entity1 required thyroid replacement because of elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone. Because of progression of disease, 9 @entity1 required @entity134 treatment. Two @entity1 were treated with @entity1891 and 3 @entity1 received alpha-interferon because of poor response to @entity134 treatment. Two @entity1 went on to surgical resection for failed response to medical management and worsening @entity712 (left lobectomy, liver transplant). Both @entity1 had uncomplicated postoperative courses. Five @entity1 had a previously undescribed constellation of rapidly involuting @entity2695 (gone by 3 months, @entity1365 -negative) with associated @entity409 also resolving at a faster pace (mean resolution of @entity2695 , 1.9 vs 7.9 months; P = .001; liver, 5.8 vs 25.3 months; P = .004). All @entity1 in our series survived. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with multiple @entity2695 should be screened for @entity99 . @entity1 with diffuse or multifocal @entity409 should be screened for @entity712 and @entity1375 . A subgroup of rapidly involuting @entity2695 have a significantly shorter time for @entity99 . The status of cutaneous lesions can be used as indicators for the @entity409 .

title: Spectrum of XXXX : management and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hemangiomas', 'liver lesions', 'diffuse liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions', 'involution of hepatic lesions', 'hepatic hemangiomas']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic hemangiomas']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 presented with a solitary, erythematous, rapidly growing 1-cm nodule on his scalp that had arisen over the previous 3 months. He had no history of @entity1489 . An excisional biopsy of the lesion showed a fairly well-circumscribed but focally invasive @entity5 consisting of areas of typical-appearing clear cell @entity13152 as well as areas with mucinous goblet-type cells and cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and decapitation-type secretion. There was marked cellular atypia, numerous atypical mitotic figures and focal @entity39 . The @entity5 cells focally involved the overlying epidermis ( @entity4261 ). Large areas of mucin were identified throughout the lesion. The @entity5 cells stained with markers for @entity5822 and focally for @entity10208 and @entity787 , confirming ductal differentiation. The goblet cells and mucinous areas stained with @entity7642 and PASD. The @entity1 was diagnosed with hidradenocarcinoma with mucinous differentiation. Associated @entity4261 has only rarely been reported, and mucinous @entity4648 is a previously unreported feature in hidradenocarcinoma.

title: Apocrine hidradenocarcinoma showing XXXX and mucinous @entity4648 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity13152 :: ('MESH:D018250', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenoma']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity7642 :: ('MESH:C029618', 'Chemical') :: ['mucicarmine']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease']


abstract: The primary aim of this review has been to clarify the @entity5 shrinking effects of @entity935 agonists on pituitary macroadenomas of different cell types. Shrinkage is most dramatic for @entity2013 and is due to cell size reduction. Seventy-nine percent of 271 definite @entity2013 were reduced in size by at least 25%, and 89% shrank to some degree. Most shrinkage occurs during the first 3 months of treatment, although in a minority shrinkage is delayed. @entity935 agonist resistance during long-term therapy is exceptional. Drug withdrawal nearly always leads to a return of @entity4089 , even after several years treatment, although @entity5 reexpansion is unusual. About 10% of true @entity2013 do not shrink with @entity935 agonists; the molecular mechanisms of such resistance have yet to be determined. Alternative formulations of BC and new @entity935 agonists (CV 205-502 and @entity9229 ) are useful for the minority of @entity1 unable to tolerate oral BC, but do not seem to further improve overall shrinkage rates. The risks of pregnancy have probably been overstated, and BC is suitable primary treatment for @entity1 with @entity2013 of all sizes; the drug can be used safely during pregnancy in the event of clinically relevant @entity5 expansion. The interpretation of different degrees of @entity4089 is discussed and management strategies suggested. Most @entity1 with @entity2013 now avoid surgery, but drug-induced, time-dependent @entity5 fibrosis should be remembered if surgery is contemplated. Nonfunctioning @entity977 are mostly of gonadotroph cell origin and may be associated with significant disconnection @entity4089 . Seventy-six of 84 well-characterized @entity5 showed no @entity5 shrinkage during @entity935 agonist therapy. Possible explanations include abnormalities of @entity935 receptor number and function. Preliminary evidence suggests that @entity935 agonists may restrain the growth of some functionless @entity5 ; most of these @entity5 , however, can be satisfactorily debulked using transsphenoidal surgery. In contrast to @entity2013 , other functioning @entity977 (GH-, TSH-, and ACTH-secreting) rarely shrink during @entity935 agonist therapy, although the number of @entity5 studied is small.

title: @entity935 agonists and XXXX shrinkage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia', 'hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas', 'macroprolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recombinant Factor VIIa decreases @entity1410 growth after spontaneous @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) and rapidly decreases international normalized ratios in @entity1 on @entity1229 but is also associated with an increased risk for @entity1031 . In this study, we assessed the risk of @entity1031 in @entity1 receiving recombinant Factor VIIa after @entity1779 associated with @entity1229 treatment. METHODS: We reviewed the medical charts, laboratory data, and radiological findings of consecutive patients with anticoagulation-related @entity548 of the central nervous system who received recombinant Factor VIIa at Mayo Clinic Rochester and Mayo Clinic Florida between 2002 and 2009. The primary end point was the frequency of new @entity1031 , including @entity583 , @entity1150 , @entity385 , and @entity1151 . RESULTS: We identified 101 @entity1 ; 54% had @entity1779 and 30% subdural @entity1410 . The most common indications for anticoagulation were @entity955 , @entity1150 , and prosthetic valve. Thirteen @entity1 (12.8%) had new @entity1031 (10 deep vein @entity715 and 3 @entity385 ) within 90 days after recombinant Factor VIIa administration. Eight of these adverse events occurred within 2 weeks of treatment. In @entity1 with @entity1779 , the rate of @entity1031 was 5% and all events were venous. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity1031 in @entity1 who received recombinant Factor VIIa for anticoagulation-associated @entity1779 was not higher than that seen in @entity1 treated for spontaneous @entity1779 in the Factor Seven for Acute @entity64 (FAST) trial. Spontaneous @entity1150 was the most common complication in our series.

title: Safety of recombinant activated factor VII in @entity1 with XXXX -associated @entity548 of the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic complications', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Initial @entity5327 of the perforator flap is confused with real @entity63 or congestion during the initial period of reconstruction. Latissimus dorsi and thoracodorsal perforator flaps are no exception. Since a reliable perforator is not always consistent in its location or diameter, and recipient vessels may not always be healthy, the vascular pedicle is frequently spastic or the flap is readily congested. Risk factors were reviewed and several preparations were necessary. METHODS: In a preliminary study, 73 @entity1 undergoing reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi or thoracodorsal perforator flap were retrospectively reviewed. Temporary flap congestion was observed in 10 @entity1 (13.7 percent), and six risk factors were identified. To alleviate flap congestion, four supplementary measures were prepared for @entity1 with risk factors: @entity1619 for the flow dispersion, inclusion of an additional vein, inclusion of a supercharged perforator, and a muscle-sparing technique. RESULTS: Flap congestion was observed in two of 32 @entity1 (6.3 percent); there was no marginal @entity39 . @entity1619 was the most commonly prepared measure. An additional draining vein or a supercharged perforator was frequently used in large, thin, or relatively long flaps, and a muscle-sparing technique was used for flaps based on a less reliable perforator. CONCLUSIONS: Perforator selection and careful dissection of the pedicle are required for successful reconstruction in latissimus dorsi or thoracodorsal perforator flaps. A perforator pedicle is more sensitive than a conventional flap, and flap congestion is a concern in @entity1 with risk factors, even though most cases are relieved in time. To prevent congestion, the appropriate flap design with preparation of supplementary measures is recommended for better results when the flap is elevated.

title: Initial XXXX in latissimus dorsi and thoracodorsal perforator flaps.

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['flap ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['temporary vascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['temporary vascular insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate biological free survival in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) as sole treatment, and to analyse predictive factors of recurrence. @entity1 AND METHOD: We retrospectively studied @entity1 treated between 1996 and 2006 for a pT3N0 @entity263 with RP without any adjuvant treatment. The main endpoint was PSA relapse, defined as two successive elevations of PSA>0.2 ng/mL. An association between PSA free survival and PSA, Gleason score, pathological stage and surgical margins status was statistically assessed. RESULTS: A total of 147 @entity1 were included. Median preoperative PSA was of 10 ng/mL. Pathological stage was pT3b in 30% of the cases and surgical margins showed @entity5 involvement in 63% of the cases. Gleason score was >= 3+4 in 74% of the cases. @entity86 was undetectable in 121 (82%) @entity1 . Median follow up following RP was of 5 years. The 5-year-PSA free survival was of 48%. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative and @entity86 , as well as Gleason score were predictors of PSA relapse (P<0.05). In @entity1 with undetectable @entity86 , 5-year-PSA free survival was of 56%. Seminal vesicle involvement and Gleason score >= 3+4 were the only independent predictors of PSA relapse. CONCLUSIONS: After RP for pT3N0 @entity263 , the only predictive factors of recurrence were @entity86 and Gleason score. In case of undetectable @entity86 , surveillance seems acceptable if Gleason score is <3+4 and in the absence of seminal vesicle involvement.

title: [pT3N0 XXXX treated with radical prostatectomy as sole treatment: Oncological results and predictive factors of recurrence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative PSA', 'Postoperative PSA']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is accepted as a primary modality to treat @entity543 . The accuracy of measuring @entity543 is important for indication of the CEA procedure. Different diagnostic tools have been developed and used in the past 2 decades for the diagnosis of @entity543 . Only a few studies, however, have focused on the comparison of different diagnostic tools to histological findings of carotid plaque. METHOD: @entity1 with internal @entity2998 (ICA) @entity850 were investigated primarily by computed tomography angiography (CTA). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed as well. Atherosclerotic plaque specimens were transversally cut into smaller segments and histologically processed. The slides were scanned and specimens showing @entity850 were determined; the minimal diameter and the diameter of the whole plaque were measured. High quality histological specimen and histological measurement was considered to be the prerequisite for inclusion into the analysis. The preoperative findings were compared with histological measurement. CTA and histological measurements were obtained from 152 @entity1 . DSA measurements were available in 138 of these cases, MRA in 107 and DUS in 88. A comparison between preoperative and histological findings was performed. In addition, correlation coefficients were computed and tested. RESULTS: A significant correlation was found for each of the diagnostic procedures. The strongest correlation coefficient and the best allocation of @entity850 into clinical significant groups (<50  %, 50-69  %, >= 70  %) was observed for CTA. Mean differences in the whole cohort between preoperative and histological measurements were as follows: CTA underestimated histological measurement by 2.4  % (based on European Carotid Surgery Trial [ECST] methodology) and 11.9  % (based on North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial [NASCET] methodology). DSA underestimated the histological measurement by 7  % (ECST) and 12.2  % (NASCET). MRA overestimated the histological measurement by 2.6  % (ECST) and underestimated by 0.6  % (NASCET). DUS overestimated the @entity850 by 1.8  %. CONCLUSIONS: CTA yields the best accuracy in detection of @entity543 , provided that all axial slices of the @entity850 are checked and carefully analysed. DSA underestimates moderate and mild @entity543 , whereas DUS overestimates high-grade @entity543 . For MRA, a relatively low correlation coefficient was observed with histological findings. We conclude that CTA-ecst technique is the most reliable technique for @entity543 measurement.

title: Detection of XXXX @entity850 using histological specimens: a comparison of CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, digital subtraction angiography and Doppler ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis', 'maximal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'ICA stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity increases the risk of many @entity5 including @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: This is secondary data analysis of the 2010 National Health Interview Survey data. A total of 9360 @entity28 and overweight @entity1 , aged 50 to 80 years, were analyzed according to their perception of their personal @entity5 risk. RESULTS: Having a perception of increased risk for @entity5 was associated with higher @entity14 screening rates. However, when compared with their normal-weight counterparts, overweight and @entity28 individuals did not perceive themselves as being at an increased risk for @entity5 in general or for @entity14 specifically. Subgroup analysis revealed one notable exception. @entity28 black @entity1 appeared to recognize themselves as being at higher risk for @entity14 . CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity28 and overweight individuals fail to recognize their increased @entity5 risk. Individuals who perceive themselves as being at increased risk for @entity5 , especially @entity14 , are more likely to have undergone @entity14 screening. Unfortunately, @entity28 and overweight individuals do not seem to recognize the increased @entity5 risk conferred by their body weight. Education is needed so that @entity28 and overweight individuals are aware that their excess body weight is a risk factor for @entity5 .

title: Weight status and perception of XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Integrative @entity5 treatment is of substantial interest to many @entity5 @entity1 . Research is needed to evaluate the effects of integrative treatment on @entity1 outcomes. We report survival data for a consecutive case series of advanced metastatic @entity0 @entity1 who received a comprehensive clinical program combining conventional treatments with nutrition and supplementation, fitness and mind-spirit instruction at the Block Center for Integrative @entity5 Treatment. Treatment outcomes using integrative care for this disease have not previously been documented; survival data will thus contribute to decisions concerning future research directions and design. Ninety consecutive @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 diagnosed during 1984-1997 who received chemotherapy at the integrative @entity5 center were included. Prognostic factors, treatments and survival from onset of @entity3 were determined from analysis of scans, labs, pathology and medical records. The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used, and a Kaplan-Meier curve was calculated. All @entity1 had metastatic disease at baseline, 96% were relapsed and 52% had received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Median age at onset of @entity3 was 46 years. Median survival was 38 months (95% CI 27,48). Published literature on populations with somewhat more favorable prognostic factors treated in conventional clinics showed median survivals of 20 to 23 months. Through the 1990s, median survival reported in metastatic @entity0 trials or observations generally ranged from 12 to 24 months. Five-year survival was 27% for Center versus 17% for comparison @entity1 . Despite a higher proportion of younger and relapsed @entity1 , survival of metastatic @entity0 @entity1 at the Center was approximately double that of comparison populations and possibly even higher compared to trials published during this period. Explanations for the advantage relative to conventional treatment alone may include the nutritional, nutraceutical, exercise and psychosocial interventions, individually or in combination; self-selection of @entity1 cannot be ruled out. Further research to evaluate the impact of integrative @entity0 treatment on survival is warranted.

title: Survival impact of integrative XXXX care in advanced metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver resection is increasingly being performed for metastatic @entity14 . This study assessed the need for preoperative biopsy of suspected metastases and whether biopsy has any effect on long-term survival. METHODS: Prospectively collected data on @entity1 who underwent liver resection for colorectal metastases between 1986 and 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. The endpoints of morbidity, operative mortality and long-term survival were compared between @entity1 who had biopsy before referral (group 1) and those who did not (group 2). RESULTS: @entity1 demographics and disease distribution were similar for 90 @entity1 in group 1 and 508 in group 2. Seventeen @entity1 (19 per cent) who had undergone biopsy either at the time of colorectal resection or radiologically had evidence of @entity1610 . Operative mortality and morbidity rates in the two groups were similar. The 4-year survival rate after liver resection was 32.5 (s.e. 5.5) per cent in group 1, compared with 46.7 (2.8) per cent in group 2 (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: @entity1610 are common after biopsy of suspected @entity14 . Biopsy of metastases confers poorer long-term survival on @entity1 after liver resection and cannot be justified in @entity1 with potentially resectable disease.

title: Biopsy of resectable XXXX causes tumour dissemination and adversely affects survival after liver resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['needle-track deposits', 'Needle-track deposits']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: Past studies examining the prevalence of @entity146 among migrants have described a higher rate of @entity161 , whereas the only major German study found a lower rate. Considering the changed composition of migrants today, a new assessment has become necessary. All admission records of migrants to a @entity146 clinic in 1993 and 1994 were assessed for diagnosis, symptomatology and treatment. Two hundred sixty-three migrant admissions, 8.4% of total admissions, were assessed. Of these 41.4% received a diagnosis of a @entity161 , significantly more than other clinic @entity1 . The mean age at admission was 33.8 years, at onset of illness 28.6 years and at time of migration 20.3 years. Only 7.9% were mentally ill at the time of migration. Of those with @entity716 and @entity308 at admission, 70% received a diagnosis of a @entity161 and 78% were treated with antipsychotics. Antidepressants were prescribed only to 47% of those with a diagnosis of a @entity308 and only 33% of those with @entity308 and no @entity716 . An underrepresentation of migrants shows differences in the use of @entity146 services. The higher rate of @entity161 may be due to misdiagnosis, an artifactual effect of underrepresentation of other disorders or an actual higher rate among migrants. The reluctance to use antidepressants underlines the necessity of training, so as not to withhold treatment options due to cultural barriers.

title: @entity146 among migrants in Germany: prevalence in a XXXX clinic and implications for services and research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Intravenous (IV) access in @entity1 treated in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) is frequently required and often difficult to obtain. While it has been shown that ultrasound can be useful in adults for both central and peripheral venous access, research regarding @entity1 has been limited. We sought to determine if the use of a static ultrasound technique could, a) allow clinicians to visualize peripheral veins and b) improve success rates of peripheral venous cannulation in young @entity1 in the @entity341 . METHODS: We performed a randomized clinical trial of @entity1 < 7 years in an academic pediatric @entity341 who required IV access and who had failed the first IV attempt. We randomized @entity1 to either continued standard IV attempts or ultrasound-assisted attempts. Clinicians involved in the study received one hour of training in ultrasound localization of peripheral veins. In the ultrasound group, vein localization was performed by an @entity341 physician who marked the skin overlying the target vessel. Intravenous cannulation attempts were then immediately performed by a pediatric @entity341 nurse who relied on the skin mark for vessel location. We allowed for technique cross-over after two failed IV attempts. We recorded success rate and location of access attempts. We compared group success rates using differences in 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: We enrolled 44 @entity1 over a one-year period. The median age of enrollees was 9.5 months. We visualized peripheral veins in all @entity1 in the ultrasound group (n=23) and in those who crossed over to ultrasound after failed standard technique attempts (n= 8). Venipuncture was successful on the first attempt in the ultrasound group in 13/23 (57%, CI, 35% to 77%), versus 12/21 (57%, CI, 34% to 78%) in the standard group, difference between groups 0.6% (95% CI -30% to 29%). First attempt cannulation success in the ultrasound group was 8/23 (35%, CI, 16% to 57%), versus 6/21 (29%, CI, 11% to 52%) in the standard group, difference between groups 6% (95% CI -21% to 34%). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound allows physicians to visualize peripheral veins of young @entity1 in the @entity341 . We were unable to demonstrate, however, a clinically important benefit to a static ultrasound aided vein cannulation technique performed by clinicians with limited ultrasound training over standard technique after one failed IV attempt in an academic pediatric @entity341 .

title: Ultrasound-assisted peripheral venous access in young XXXX : a randomized controlled trial and pilot feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Between 1955 and 1984, 376 @entity1 with locoregionally advanced @entity0 were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center with mastectomy and irradiation and without adjuvant chemotherapy. @entity1 with @entity189 or synchronous bilateral primary @entity5 were excluded. There were 202 @entity1 with @entity5 and 174 @entity1 with @entity5 (AJC Staging--1983). In 124 @entity1 the surgical management was confined to the breast only--total mastectomy (BR) and in 252 dissection of the axilla was performed--extended total, modified radical, or classic radical mastectomy (BR + AX). All @entity1 had postoperative irradiation. The follow-up period ranged between 8 and 34 years. At 10 years, the actuarial disease-specific, relapse-free survival (DSRFS) rate for the entire group was 40%, and the actuarial locoregional control rate was 82%. For @entity1 with @entity5 the DSRFS was 48% and locoregional control rate was 88%. For those with @entity5 , the figures were 30% and 74%, respectively. Most of the failures occurred within 5 years of the mastectomy and essentially all occurred within 10 years. When analyzed by type of surgery, both the locoregional control and DSRFS rates were improved by the axillary dissection, the difference being largely caused by fewer axillary node recurrences after dissection of both the breast and axilla than after removal of the breast alone. In the 252 @entity1 in whom the axilla was assessed, the number of positive nodes was a powerful predictor of both locoregional control and survival. The DSRFS rates at 10 years for @entity1 with 0, 1-3, and greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes were 63%, 48%, and 30%, respectively. The actuarial locoregional control rates at 10 years exceeded 95% for @entity1 with 0-3 positive nodes and 75% for those with greater than or equal to 4 nodes. These results show that locoregionally advanced @entity0 is not a uniformly fatal disease when treated without chemotherapy and provide a baseline upon which to assess the value of adjuvant systemic therapy for this stage of disease.

title: Results of mastectomy and postoperative irradiation in the management of locoregionally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage IIIB disease', 'Stage IIIA disease', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: @entity875 and @entity16511 are @entity563 - @entity1889 kinase proteins which have both been implicated in @entity1 @entity105 through development of @entity2007 and chromosomal instability. The aim of the study is to assess the correlation of both markers with clinical and pathological parameters in @entity1 with @entity150 of different grade and stage. A @entity150 cell line was assessed for @entity875 and @entity16511 expression by Western blotting. Furthermore, 85 consecutive cases of @entity150 obtained by transurethral resection were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed by immunohistochemistry for Phospho- @entity875 and @entity16511 expression. All cases were stratified in 4 groups according to intracellular localization (nuclear, cytoplasmic) of both markers. The association between each group and clinical and pathological parameters was assessed by statistical analysis. Higher expression of cytoplasmic Phospho- @entity875 correlated significantly with poor histological differentiation (G3 vs. G1) and advanced stage (p<0.05); there was also high significant correlation between nuclear @entity16511 and both grading (both @entity13636 vs. G1) and mitotic index (p<0.05). No statistically significant association was found between protein levels detected in @entity5 and sex or age (p>0.05). To our knowledge, the present study is the first to highlight the existence of a statistical association between such markers and traditional prognostic factors in @entity150 . These findings indicate that @entity875 and B could be involved in the tumorigenesis of @entity150 , thus providing a basis for a target therapy approach by using specific anti-mitotic agents.

title: Expression of mitotic kinases @entity16511 correlates with clinical and pathological parameters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neoplasms', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder neoplasms']


abstract: Agonists of @entity9781 ( @entity9781 ), which work as insulin sensitizers, are approved for type 2 @entity6 . However, adverse effects, such as @entity4 , @entity1188 , and increased @entity174 rates, limit their applicability. We performed a head-to-head comparison of equipotent @entity413 lowering concentrations of the partial @entity9781 agonist @entity27382 and the full agonist @entity12098 in male diet-induced @entity28 @entity35 , to investigate effects on bone formation, fluid retention and fat accumulation. Sixty male dio induced @entity28 @entity35 were divided into five categories: vehicle, @entity12098 10 mg/kg, @entity12098 30 mg/kg, @entity27382 5 mg/kg, @entity27382 10 mg/kg. At day -7, 21 and 42 fasting serum samples were collected and whole body tissue composition was evaluated by MR scanning. Food intake and bodyweights were monitored during the study period. At day 42, an oral @entity413 tolerance test was performed to evaluate @entity413 homeostasis in the @entity35 . During oral @entity413 tolerance test both @entity12098 and @entity27382 lowered baseline @entity413 and maintained the suppression during the oral @entity413 tolerance test. Both lowered basal insulin, peak insulin secretion and total insulin during oral @entity413 tolerance test. Both drugs increased bodyweight, although this was more pronounced in the @entity12098 30 group. MR scans of body fat and water showed that all treatment groups increased their fat mass, whereas only the @entity12098 30 group accumulated water. @entity12098 treatment led to reduction of the bone formation marker osteocalcin, whereas @entity27382 treatment did not affect it. @entity27382 is a novel @entity9781 agonist, which potently lowers @entity413 levels, while it neither affects fluid retention nor bone formation parameters.

title: A comparison of glycemic control, water retention, and musculoskeletal effects of @entity27382 and @entity12098 in diet-induced XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedemas']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity9781 :: ('25664(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PPARgamma', 'Perioxisome Proliferator-Activator Receptor gamma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity27382 :: ('MESH:C497232', 'Chemical') :: ['balaglitazone', 'Balaglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6750 is the third sub-clinic hereditary disease in Mexico. @entity1 with total or partial underactive thyroid gland presented at birth showed high levels of thyrotropin. This allows identifying @entity1 at risk for developing it through screening tests. The aim was to determinate the incidence of neonatal @entity6750 in newborns in our hospital as well as set the cut-off value in screening test. METHODS: samples from 4049 cord blood of newborns were processed. TSH was measurement by ELISA. Probands with high values subsequently underwent to confirmatory testing TSH micro-particle immunoassay. RESULTS: the results showed incidence of @entity1375 of 1.2 per 1000 newborns. The cut-off value obtained in the screening test was 26.63 mUI/L. CONCLUSIONS: TSH values showed a different distribution compared with previous studies in the Mexican population and also a higher @entity1375 incidence.

title: [ XXXX incidence and thyrotropin serum levels in newborns].

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During the acute time period following @entity131 ( @entity131 ), non-invasive brain imaging tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide important information about the clinical and pathological features of the injury and may help predict long-term outcomes. In addition to standard imaging approaches, several quantitative MRI techniques including relaxometry and diffusion MRI have been identified as promising reporters of cellular alterations after @entity131 and may provide greater sensitivity and specificity for identifying @entity75 especially in mild @entity131 . However, for these imaging tools to be useful, it is crucial to define their relationship with the neurophysiological response to @entity1545 . Recently, a model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) has been developed in the @entity32934 which has many advantages compared to rodent models (e.g. gyrencephalic cortex and high white matter volume). The objective of this study was to evaluate quantitative MRI metrics in the @entity32934 CCI model, including T2 values and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, during the acute time period. Longitudinal quantitative comparisons of in-vivo MRI and DTI metrics were evaluated to identify abnormalities and characterize their spatial patterns in the @entity32934 brain. Ex-vivo MRI and DTI maps were then compared with histological staining for glial and @entity528 . The main findings of this paper describe T2, diffusivity and anisotropy markers of tissue change during the acute time period following mild @entity131 and ex-vivo analyses suggest that MRI and DTI markers are sensitive to subtle cellular alterations in this model. This was confirmed by comparison with immunohistochemistry also showing altered markers in regions of MRI and DTI change.

title: Quantitative MRI and DTI Abnormalities During the Acute Period Following CCI in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal abnormalities']

answer: @entity32934 :: (9669,Species) :: ['Ferret']


abstract: The matching of blood flow to regional brain function, called functional @entity450 or @entity531 , involves the coordinated activity of neurons, astrocytes, and parenchymal arterioles. Under physiological conditions, localized neuronal activation leads to elevated astrocyte endfoot Ca(2+) and vasodilation, resulting in an increase in cerebral blood flow. In this study, we examined the impact of @entity510 ( @entity510 ) on @entity531 . @entity510 model @entity35 received two injections of autologous blood into the cisterna magna 24 h apart. Cortical brain slices from @entity510 model animals were prepared 4 days after the initial blood injection. Arteriolar diameter and astrocyte endfoot Ca(2+) were simultaneously measured using two-photon microscopy. As expected, neuronal activity evoked by @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) caused an elevation in endfoot Ca(2+) and vasodilation in brain slices from control animals. However, in brain slices from @entity510 animals, @entity2194 induced a similar increase in astrocyte endfoot Ca(2+) that caused arteriolar constriction rather than vasodilation. Vasoconstriction was observed in approximately 90% of brain slices from @entity510 animals in response to @entity2194 , with 40% exhibiting a sustained vasoconstriction, 30% exhibiting a transient vasoconstriction -(diameter restored within 1 min after @entity2194 ), and 20% responded with a biphasic response (brief vasodilation followed by -vasoconstriction). This inversion of @entity531 may play a role in the development of @entity51 following @entity510 .

title: Subarachnoid blood converts neurally evoked vasodilation to vasoconstriction in XXXX brain cortex.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['electrical field stimulation', 'EFS']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular coupling']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity751 ( @entity751 ) may be delayed because current monitoring techniques are invasive and intermittent and the @entity551 ( @entity551 ) that predicts @entity63 is variable. Fiber-optic devices using near-infrared (NIR) wavelength reflection can determine the redox state of light-absorbing molecules and have been used to monitor venous hemoglobin saturation to detect @entity63 during low-flow states. The purpose of this study was to determine if NIR spectroscopy can provide continuous, transcutaneous, noninvasive monitoring for @entity63 in an animal model of @entity751 . METHODS: Nine @entity1707 were anesthetized and a 20-mm NIR probe was placed over the anterolateral compartment of the hind leg to provide continuous determination of muscle @entity7672 level. Needles were inserted into the compartment to measure @entity551 . A nerve stimulator was placed over the peroneal nerve to induce dorsiflexion twitch. Albumin was infused into the muscle to incrementally increase @entity551 until there was complete loss of dorsiflexion, then after 20 minutes fasciotomy was performed. RESULTS: All animals lost dorsiflexion at @entity551 of 43+/-14 mm Hg. There was a significant inverse correlation between @entity551 and @entity7672 level (r = -0.78; p < 0.001) and a correlation between @entity7672 and perfusion pressure (mean arterial pressure minus @entity551 ) (r = 0.66; p < 0.001). Redox state was a more consistent predictor of twitch loss than perfusion pressure. CONCLUSION: Muscle @entity7672 level measured by NIR spectroscopy strongly reflected @entity551 , perfusion pressure, and loss of dorsiflexion twitch. Currently available portable NIR devices may provide the benefit of continuous, noninvasive monitoring for @entity751 . Further studies to determine the role of this technology in the detection of @entity751 are warranted.

title: Monitoring for XXXX using near-infrared spectroscopy: a noninvasive, continuous, transcutaneous monitoring technique.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['muscle ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'compartmental syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['compartment pressure', 'CP']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['compartmental syndrome']


abstract: Plant survival under heat stress requires the activation of proper defence mechanisms to avoid the impairment of metabolic functions. Heat stress leads to the overproduction of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in the cell. In plants, the @entity9050 (ASC)- @entity2197 cycle plays a pivotal role in controlling ROS levels and cellular redox homeostasis. @entity9050 peroxidase (APX) is the enzyme of this cycle mainly involved in @entity519 . In this study, the ASC- @entity2197 cycle enzymes were analysed in the cytosol, mitochondria and plastids of @entity286 Bright Yellow-2 cultured cells. The cells were also subjected to two different @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ; 35 or 55 degrees C for 10 min) and the cell compartments were isolated in both conditions. The results reported here indicate that moderate @entity8682 (35 degrees C) does not affect cell viability, whereas cell exposure to 55 degrees C @entity8682 induces @entity204 ( @entity204 ). In relation to ASC- @entity2197 cycle, the three analysed compartments have specific enzymatic profiles that are diversely altered by the @entity8682 treatments. The cytosol contains the highest activity of all ASC- @entity2197 cycle enzymes and the data reported here suggest that it acts as a redox buffer for the whole cells. In particular, the cytosolic APX seems to be the most versatile enzyme, being its activity enhanced after moderate @entity8682 and reduced during @entity204 induction, whereas the other APX isoenzymes are only affected in the cells undergoing @entity204 . The relevance of the changes in the different ASC- @entity2197 cycle isoenzymes in allowing cell survival or promoting @entity204 is discussed.

title: Different involvement of the mitochondrial, plastidial and cytosolic XXXX -glutathione redox enzymes in @entity1457 responses.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['HSs', 'heat shocks']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['ROS detoxification']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'programmed cell death']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate', 'Ascorbate']

answer: @entity9050 :: (CHEBI:38290,Chemical) :: ['ascorbate']


abstract: Continuous-infusion @entity2879 was given to 15 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity151 (extensive disease) and 10 @entity1 with various refractory @entity5 . The untreated @entity1 with @entity2 received 200 mg/m2 @entity2879 over 24 h in combination with 100 mg/m2 @entity900 , and the pretreated @entity1 received 400 mg/m2 @entity2879 over 36 h as monotherapy. Pharmacokinetic studies of @entity2879 were carried out in all @entity1 . High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure @entity2879 . All @entity1 had normal hepatic and renal function tests and were followed weekly for @entity1503 after therapy. In all, 14 untreated and 9 pretreated @entity1 were evaluable. Biostatistical analysis was done to correlate pharmacokinetic results to hematologic effects. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for continuous variables (i.e., blood counts), and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for ranked variables (i.e., @entity137 grades). The values for the area under the plasma concentration vs time curve (AUC) and systemic clearance varied widely among @entity1 . However, the AUC and clearance were significantly correlated (P less than 0.05) with the WBC and platelet nadirs and the decrease in hemoglobin. The grade of @entity1431 and total grade of @entity1503 were also correlated with AUC and clearance. Because the interpatient variability in @entity2879 pharmacokinetics correlates with the variable degree of @entity1503 , pharmacokinetic drug monitoring is suggested.

title: Clinical pharmacodynamics of continuous-infusion XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The lung is the entry site for @entity6192 in inhalation @entity6192 , the most deadly form of the disease. Spores escape from the alveolus to regional lymph nodes, germinate and enter the circulatory system to cause disease. The roles of carrier cells and the effects of @entity6192 toxins in this process are unclear. We used a @entity1 lung organ culture model to measure spore uptake by @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), spore partitioning between these cells, and the effects of @entity6192 lethal toxin and protective antigen. We repeated the study in a @entity1 A549 alveolar epithelial cell model. Most spores remained unassociated with cells, but the majority of cell-associated spores were in AEC, not in @entity1358 . Spore movement was not dependent on internalization, although the location of internalized spores changed in both cell types. Spores also internalized in a non-uniform pattern. Toxins affected neither transit of the spores nor the partitioning of spores into AEC and @entity1358 . Our results support a model of spore escape from the alveolus that involves spore clustering with transient passage through intact AEC. However, subsequent transport of spores by @entity1358 from the lung to the lymph nodes may occur.

title: XXXX spore movement does not require a carrier cell and is not affected by lethal toxin in @entity1 lung models.

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus anthracis', 'anthrax', 'B. anthracis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen presenting cells']

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Species) :: ['Bacillus anthracis']


abstract: Background and Aim. @entity201 associated with @entity2877 has not been reported, and the causal relationship remains to be established. We evaluated diagnosis of @entity201 diagnosed after the removal of @entity2877 . @entity1 and Methods. We assigned 9 cases of @entity201 with @entity2877 to Group A. As a control group, 37 @entity1 with @entity201 without @entity2877 were assigned to Group B. Results. @entity490 at admission is the only significant difference between Group A and Group B (P = 0.001). All @entity1 in Group A had @entity1085 , compared with 7 @entity1 (19%) in Group B (P < 0.01). Of the 9 @entity1 in Group A, @entity23456 ( @entity23456 ) detected normality in 2 @entity1 (22%) and abnormalities in 7 @entity1 (78%). Of the 32 @entity1 in Group B, @entity23456 detected normality in 4 @entity1 (13%) and abnormalities in 28 @entity1 (88%) (P = 0.597). @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) detected a @entity5 in 8 @entity1 in Group A, while in Group B, @entity3821 detected normality in 1 @entity1 (3%) and @entity5 in 29 @entity1 (97%) (P = 1.000). Conclusions. @entity3821 after stone removal may potentially help in the detection of unexpected @entity5 . Therefore, we believe that @entity3821 after stone removal will lead to improve outcome and prognosis.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX after the removal of @entity2877 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder stones']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['IDUS', 'Intraductal ultrasonography']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity23456 :: ('MESH:C537457', 'Disease') :: ['ERCP', 'endoscopic retrade cholangiopancreatography']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'Distal cholangiocarcinoma', 'distal cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['distal cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: To determine if @entity15486 ( @entity15486 ) stimulates the phosphorylation of @entity8837 in the @entity19 inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), and if this in turn upregulates @entity842 (NO) production. MAIN METHODS: Confluent @entity19 IMCD segment-3 cells (mIMCD-3) were stimulated with 50 nM @entity15486 for24 h with and without various doses of ET receptor antagonists, @entity11344 (ETA antagonist,) or @entity11345 (ETB antagonist) and phosphorylation of @entity8837 determined by immunoblots. As well, NOS isoform expression and @entity3542 production were assessed. Finally, increasing doses of the @entity13438 inhibitors, @entity4286 or @entity5732 ,were incubated with @entity19 cells and the @entity15486 dependent @entity3542 production determined. KEY FINDINGS: @entity15486 via the ETB receptor significantly increased @entity8837 phosphorylation, and was prevented by @entity13438 inhibition. @entity15486 also stimulates @entity3542 production by @entity19 cells (basal: 54.5  26 pmol/mg pr/hvs @entity15486 : 221  28 pmol/mg pr/h; N=4) via the ETB receptor ( @entity11345 + @entity15486 : 83.7  27 pmol/mg pr/h);however, @entity15486 does not regulate @entity17693 or @entity13471 expression. @entity13438 inhibition did not prevent the @entity15486 stimulated @entity3542 production contrary to our initial hypothesis (vehicle+ @entity15486 : 157  13 pmol/mg pr/hr vs PD98,059+ @entity15486 : 305.7  24 pmol/mg pr/h, N=4, P>0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: Although the @entity19 IMCD-3 cells only express the NOS1b splice variant, @entity15486 did regulate @entity19 IMCD @entity3542 production. @entity15486 stimulates @entity8837 phosphorylation in the @entity19 IMCD, but @entity8837 signaling is not involved in the @entity15486 dependent increase in NO production by IMCD cells. Thus, we propose that @entity15486 regulates protein   protein interactions that are necessary for NO production, that are independent of MAPK signaling cascades.

title: @entity8837 signaling pathways are not involved in endothelin regulation of XXXX inner medullary collecting duct @entity842 production.

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Mobile plaque is associated with increased risk of @entity385 , but definitions have remained unclear. We have previously reported that carotid ultrasonography can detect the mobile component of the carotid plaque surface, which rises and falls in a manner inconsistent with arterial pulsatile wall motion (Jellyfish sign). However, clinical and pathological features of Jellyfish sign remain unclear. The subjects comprised of 165 @entity1 with carotid plaque and degree of area stenosis >= 50% on ultrasonography. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we quantified @entity548 ( @entity548 ) and defined @entity385 in each @entity1 . Fifteen surgical specimens were obtained by carotid endarterectomy, and pathological features (area of fibrous cap and intraplaque @entity75 ) were compared with ultrasonographic plaque surface movement rate. Carotid plaques with @entity548 were seen in 78 cases, with Jellyfish sign in 31 cases. Jellyfish sign was not detected in @entity1 without @entity548 . In these 15 @entity1 , the fibrous cap covered the @entity75 , and cap thickness correlated negatively with Jellyfish-positive plaque surface movement rate. Kaplan-Meier and Cox multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the most important predictor of @entity385 during follow-up is Jellyfish sign, not @entity548 . @entity64 events in @entity1 with Jellyfish sign repeated within a short interval after diagnosis. Jellyfish sign on ultrasonography is a sign of high-risk plaque vulnerability, suggesting @entity397 of the fibrous cap associated with the release of thrombogenic factors into the arterial lumen, and resulting in repeated @entity385 during a short interval after diagnosis.

title: Vulnerable carotid arterial plaque causing repeated XXXX can be detected with B-mode ultrasonography as a mobile component: Jellyfish sign.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['IPH', 'intraplaque hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate discriminant analysis, performed in @entity1 without prior @entity583 , in enhancing the diagnostic value of quantitative exercise 201thallium scintigraphy. DESIGN: All clinical, electrocardiographic, and scintigraphic variables were first subjected to a univariate analysis. Afterwards a discriminant analysis was done. @entity1 : 135 @entity1 (104 male) were studied. Age was 24-70 years, mean 55 years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Two discriminant analyses were done. In the first analysis, the ability to detect the presence of @entity453 was tested. Significant variables were: (1) history of angina, (2) sex, (3) quantitative analysis of 201thallium scintigraphy, (4) age, (5) ischaemic ST response, (6) angina during the test, and (7) the pressure-rate product. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of classification using the discriminant function were 91%, 87%, and 90%, respectively. The sensitivity was higher than when using only visual interpretation (sensitivity 70%; p less than 0.0002) or quantitative interpretation (sensitivity = 66%; p less than 0.0001) of @entity4214 scans, without significant loss of specificity (p less than 0.5488; p less than 0.6875). In the second analysis, a discriminant function was calculated to detect multivessel disease. Five input variables were selected: (1) number of vessels with @entity850 predicted by quantitative analysis, (2) number of vessels with @entity850 predicted by visual analysis, (3) ischaemic ST response, (4) sex, (5) angina during the test. Multivariate analysis showed an increase in sensitivity when compared with visual interpretation (78% v 55%; p less than 0.0043) and quantitative analysis (66%; p less than 0.0156). Using the classification, the discriminant function was more accurate than visual analysis (81% v 69%) or quantitative analysis (77%). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that multivariate analysis of non-invasive test results in quantitative @entity4214 exercise testing allows convenient use for clinical purposes with improved results.

title: Improvement of diagnosis in the non-invasive assessment of XXXX : enhanced evaluation of quantitative exercise 201thallium imaging by multivariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The contributions of different mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems among a collection of @entity2892 - and @entity2889 -nonsusceptible @entity796 isolates were investigated. This screening included the recently reported extended-spectrum cephalosporinases (ESACs) weakly hydrolyzing carbapenems. Eighty-seven percent of the studied isolates were resistant to @entity2892 . Genes encoding metallo-beta-lactamases or @entity2893 -hydrolyzing oxacillinases were not identified. The main mechanism associated with @entity2892 resistance was the loss of outer membrane protein OprD. Identification of overexpressed ESACs and loss of OprD were observed for 65% of the isolates, all being fully resistant to @entity2892 . Resistance to @entity2889 was observed in 78% of the isolates, with all but one also being resistant to @entity2892 . Overexpression of the MexAB-OprM, MexXY-OprM, or MexCD-OprJ efflux systems was observed in 60% of the isolates, suggesting the contribution of efflux mechanisms in resistance to @entity2889 . The loss of porin OprD and the overproduction of ESACs were observed in 100% and 92% of the @entity2889 -resistant isolates, respectively. @entity796 can very often accumulate different resistance mechanisms, including ESAC production, leading to @entity2893 resistance.

title: Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of XXXX resistance in @entity796 .

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: A member of the proteinase inhibitor I gene family encoding an inhibitor I protein with a novel trypsin-specific reactive site was isolated from the wild tomato species Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) Mill. (LA107). The @entity377 sequence of the gene was identical to a previously isolated cDNA clone from L. peruvianum fruit (Wingate, V.P.M., Broadway, R. M., and Ryan, C. A. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 17734-17738) with the exception of one @entity377 3 base pairs upstream from the 5' terminus of the cDNA. S1 nuclease protection experiments and RNA blot hybridization analysis show that the gene is developmentally regulated in L. peruvianum fruit and is not the same inhibitor I gene that is wound inducible in leaves. @entity377 sequences are present in the 5'-flanking sequences of the fruit-specific L. peruvianum gene inhibitor I gene which share similarity with regulatory sequences that have been associated with the regulation of several known elicitor- and @entity1786 -inducible genes. However, the L. peruvianum motifs are not identical with those of other genes and are probably not functional. Because inhibitor I genes are not expressed or are expressed in very low levels in modern @entity523 fruit before the onset of ripening but expressed at high levels in fruit of the wild L. peruvianum species, a unique fruit-specific signaling system must therefore be present in L. peruvianum fruit for the transcriptional regulation of the inhibitor I gene which is not present in the fruit of the modern @entity523 , @entity523 .

title: A novel fruit-expressed trypsin inhibitor I gene from a wild species of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['L. esculentum', 'tomato']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide', 'Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We recently identified a locus on chromosome 18q11.2 for high serum @entity1674 in Mexicans. We hypothesize that the lead genome-wide association study single-nucleotide polymorphism @entity34835 , or its linkage disequilibrium proxies, regulates 1 of the 5 genes in the @entity412 -associated region. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We performed a linkage disequilibrium analysis and found 9 additional variants in linkage disequilibrium (r(2)>0.7) with the lead single-nucleotide polymorphism. To select the variants for functional analyses, we annotated the 10 variants using DNase I hypersensitive sites, transcription factor and chromatin states and identified @entity34836 as the lead candidate variant for functional in vitro validation. Using luciferase transcriptional reporter assay in liver HepG2 cells, we found that the G allele exhibits a significantly lower effect on transcription (P<0.05). The electrophoretic mobility shift and ChIPqPCR (chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction) assays confirmed that the minor G allele of @entity34836 disrupts an hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 a-binding site. To find the regional candidate gene, we performed a local expression quantitative trait locus analysis and found that @entity34836 and its linkage disequilibrium proxies alter expression of the regional transmembrane protein 241 ( @entity34837 ) gene in 795 adipose RNAs from the @entity209 In Men (METSIM) cohort (P=6.11*10(-07)-5.80*10(-04)). These results were replicated in expression profiles of @entity34837 from the Multiple Tissue Human Expression Resource (MuTHER; n=856). CONCLUSIONS: The Mexican genome-wide association study signal for high serum @entity1674 on chromosome 18q11.2 harbors a regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphism, @entity34836 , which disrupts normal hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 a binding and decreases the expression of the regional @entity34837 gene. Our data suggest that decreased transcript levels of @entity34837 contribute to increased @entity412 levels in Mexicans.

title: Molecular Characterization of the Lipid Genome-Wide Association Study Signal on Chromosome 18q11.2 Implicates HNF4A-Mediated Regulation of the XXXX Gene.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic Syndrome']

answer: @entity34837 :: (85019,Gene) :: ['TMEM241']


abstract: The protein encoded by the @entity23902 gene plays an important role in the G2 checkpoint in @entity1 cells. In its coding region it presents a sequence of nine consecutive adenines that are a potential site of mutations in @entity5 with @entity124 ( @entity124 ). We analyzed the presence of frameshift mutations in the @entity23902 gene in @entity1 @entity1204 samples. In the same @entity5 samples genes known to be altered in these @entity5 ( @entity589 , TGFBRII, and IGFIIR) were also analyzed. @entity23902 frameshfit mutations were found in 1 out 10 @entity694 and 2 out of 7 @entity1204 showing @entity124 . @entity23902 alterations were associated with the presence of a high degree of @entity124 . No alterations were found in @entity1 with @entity5 showing low frequency or lacking instability (microsatellite stable). The same was true for the other four genes analyzed. The insertion or deletion of one A in the poly A tract resulted in a truncated protein. Alterations of the @entity23902 gene could represent an alternative way of @entity5 cells to escape from cell cycle control. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26:176-180, 1999.

title: XXXX frameshift mutations in genetically unstable colorectal and endometrial cancers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['colon and endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

answer: @entity23902 :: (1111,Gene) :: ['CHK1']


abstract: A majority (24/32) of the extracellularly recorded dorsal hippocampus field @entity1249 putative GABAergic interneurons were excited in conjunction with theta activation on @entity406 injection (5%, 0.05 ml, s.c. into right hind-paw) in @entity4774 (1.0 g/kg, i.p.)-anaesthetized @entity35 . An increase in activity was observed to the 10th minute (n=24) and also at later time-periods at which a few of the neurons were recorded following injection of @entity406 . The mean peak increase in activity within 5 min of @entity406 injection was 6.43+/-0.81 Hz over the average background activity for these neurons (6.46+/-1.04 Hz). Of 24 neurons, 14 exhibited an increase in activity which was rhythmically modulated with theta. With a concurrent administration of @entity406 and @entity1286 (5 mg/kg, i.p.), the presumed interneurons recorded displayed an initial increase in discharge rate (mean peak increase within 5 min of 6.95+/-1.10 Hz) which then declined with a decrease in theta activity. The effect of concurrent @entity1286 was @entity1510 reversible. @entity1286 administration alone resulted in an immediate decrease in the interneuronal firing rate. In presence of the medial septal region lesions, @entity406 did not evoke an excitation of intemeurons or theta activation. Further, such lesions prevented the decrease in intemeuron activity to @entity1286 administration. The above data are consistent with the notion that (i) the field @entity1249 interneurons participate in a noxious stimulus-induced and medial septal region mediated pyramidal cell suppression, and (ii) @entity1286 affects @entity1249 nociceptive responses partly in a fashion consistent with the effect of the drug on septohippocampal neural network processing.

title: Hippocampal field @entity1249 interneuronal nociceptive responses: modulation by medial septal region and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical significance of occult @entity3 in the lymph nodes of @entity1 with @entity263 originally considered node negative by routine histologic evaluation. METHODS: Two hundred seventy four @entity1 with @entity1803 @entity263 treated by radical prostatectomy and bilateral lymph node dissection were included in this study. One hundred eighty @entity1 were staged node negative (N0), while 94 @entity1 were lymph node positive (N+), based on routine histologic evaluation. All lymph nodes from the 180 N0 @entity1 were evaluated for occult @entity3 by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to cytokeratins and, if positive, @entity1486 . Recurrence and overall survival were compared among @entity1 with @entity5 cells (OLN+), with @entity1 whose lymph nodes remained negative (OLN-), and with the 94 N+ @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 3,914 lymph nodes were evaluated from 180 N0 @entity1 (average, 21.7 lymph nodes per @entity1 ). @entity5 cells were found in 24 of 180 @entity1 (13.3%). The presence of OLN+ was significantly associated with increased recurrence and decreased survival compared with OLN- @entity1 (P < .001 and P = .019, respectively; relative risk of recurrence, 2.27; relative risk of @entity204 2.07, respectively). The presence of occult lymph node @entity3 was an independent predictor of recurrence and @entity204 in a multivariable analysis. The outcome for @entity1 with OLN+ disease was similar to that for @entity1 with N+ disease. CONCLUSION: The detection of occult lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with pT3N0 @entity263 identifies those with significantly increased risk of @entity263 recurrence and @entity204 .

title: Detection of occult lymph node @entity3 in locally advanced node-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['occult tumor', 'Occult tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The quality of MRI and CT depends largely on immobility of the @entity1 during the procedure, which is often difficult to achieve without sedation in @entity1 below the age of 6 years. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity2644 sedation for repeated imaging in young @entity1 treated for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2003 to January 2007, information on @entity1 younger than 6 years of age having MRI or CT was prospectively collected. Forty-five minutes before the scan, a 10-min infusion of @entity2644 0.5 mg/kg was administered and managed by non-anesthetic staff. @entity1 monitoring included continuous measurement of pulse, respiration, @entity26 saturation and arterial blood pressure. Procedure-related parameters and adverse events were documented. Sedation was considered successful when the procedure was completed and at least 95% of images were usable. RESULTS: One-hundred-one procedures (82 MRI, 19 CT) were evaluated in 62 @entity1 , 3-74 months old. Adequate sedation was achieved in 96% of cases, with mean induction time, 22 min; mean duration of sleep, 72 min, and mean duration of procedure, 33 min. Mean time spent in the radiology unit was 104 min. Ninety-six percent of imaging procedures were successfully completed. No cardiac, respiratory, @entity16 occurred. CONCLUSION: Intravenous @entity2644 is safe and effective for procedural sedation in young @entity1 with @entity5 undergoing MRI and CT.

title: Deep sedation in pediatric imaging: efficacy and safety of intravenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological or allergic complication']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['chlorpromazine']


abstract: Authors reviewed the literature on the ethology of saccular @entity438 . Nowadays the theories about inborn origin of the @entity439 are refuted. Numerous factors are involved in their formation. Two considered groups of the factors are the following: the hemodynamic ones and the ones related to particular cerebral artery histology. The first group comprises arterial @entity101 and arterial blood flow disturbances in the brain. They increase the hemodynamic stress on arterial bifurcations. It has been also proven in the regions that the stagnation of blood flow may take place. It may induce a local @entity1317 which may be caused either by anoxemic mechanism or by the release mediators from blood cells. The main factor in the second group is the particular make up cerebral artery walls, especially regions around their bifurcations, where a predominance of collagen fibers over elastic ones is found in connection with poorly developed muscular layer. The existing defects may be enhanced by disturbances in the process of connective tissue proteins synthesis which may be influenced by numerous endo- and exogenic factors. Apart from the genetic ones they may include: poisons like heavy metals and toxins present in cigarette smoke, medicines and hormones, especially steroidal ones. Unfortunately, experimental studies documenting the interdependencies between those substances and @entity439 are still scarce. Statistically proven risk factors of the malformations include: cigarette smoking, untreated arterial @entity101 , female gender, collagen synthesis disturbances, and any disturbances in cerebral blood flow.

title: [What is the origin of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial wall injury']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: We have developed a simple and efficient SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphism) method for haplotype determination of @entity2162 using four polymorphisms. The six different SSCP patterns were grouped into three major haplotypes named I, II and III. We studied a population of 199 individuals displaying all the haplotypes: 34.9% (group I), 36.1% (group II) and 29.5% (group III). This population was subdivided into three groups: normal weight, overweight and @entity28 individuals. There were no significant differences between the haplotypes of normal and overweight individuals. The haplotype frequencies in the group of normal weight subjects were 39% (I), 33% (II) and 28% (III). The overweight individuals presented frequencies of 38% (I), 33% (II) and 29% (III). The @entity28 group showed marked differences for haplotypes I and II: 27.1% (I), 43.2% (II) and 29.7% (III) when compared to the normal weight group. For haplotype I the p value of normal to @entity28 groups was 0.0403 with an odds ratio of 0.5761. Our two step SSCP method for @entity2162 haplotyping is simple, accurate and cost effective for studying large populations and may be a useful tool for easy and accurate identification of haplotype I which appears to have a protective role against developing @entity28 .

title: A simple method for the identification of three major haplotypes of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['beta2AR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors improve outcomes in @entity1 with @entity453 irrespective of the status of the left ventricle. In the presence of functionally significant @entity455 , @entity1289 inhibitors often cause deterioration of renal function leading to their withdrawal. DESIGN: Observational study with 6 months prospective follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six @entity1 with @entity453 and previous @entity1289 inhibitor induced deterioration in renal function underwent renal artery stenting for angiographically-confirmed @entity2791 . Pre-existing significant @entity8 was present in 4 @entity1 . Immediate technical success was achieved in all @entity1 . @entity1289 inhibitors were successfully reintroduced and titrated to maximum-tolerated in all 6 @entity1 . At 6 months, one @entity1 died due to progressive @entity712 . The other @entity1 remained tolerant of @entity1289 inhibitor treatment with stable or improved renal function. CONCLUSION: Renal angiography should be considered in @entity1 with @entity453 and @entity1289 inhibitor induced @entity8 . Successful renal artery stenting permits reintroduction of @entity1289 inhibitor with satisfactory maintenance of renal function at 6 months.

title: Successful reintroduction of previously failed XXXX inhibitor therapy following stenting of atherosclerotic renovascular disease.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'Angiotensin Converting Enzyme']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: In @entity1 medicine, PCR-amplification of the complementarity determining region 3 of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes followed by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is an accepted method to assess clonality in @entity1892 and thereby facilitates the differentiation of @entity5 from @entity1373 or reactive infiltrates. To generate a basis for the development of a PCR-based assay for the assessment of clonality in feline @entity1892 we analyzed 28 transcripts (cDNA) of the feline immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes ( @entity7513 ). Transcripts were generated using techniques for the amplification of unknown sequences (i.e. the SMART RACE and the CapFishing technique) as well as primers derived from sequences of the NCBI Trace archive of the cat. Analysis of this archive revealed traces similar to the @entity1 @entity7513 -1 and @entity7513 -3 subgroups of genes. By identification of the subgroup-specific leader sequence within the traces, two subgroup-specific primers for this region were designed and used to amplify the heavy chain variable region genes. Using all amplification techniques, transcripts of both subgroups were created and the subgroups were denominated according to their @entity1 counterparts as feline @entity7513 -1 and feline @entity7513 -3. By aligning previously described transcripts of the feline @entity7513 genes to our transcripts we were able to assign these to the @entity7513 -3 subgroup; therefore, this study provides the first description of the feline @entity7513 -1 subgroup of genes. On the basis of the @entity7513 -1 and @entity7513 -3 transcripts we developed a PCR-based assay. For each of the two subgroups we used one sense primer derived from the first and one sense primer derived from the third framework region each in combination with a mixture of three antisense primers derived from the fourth framework region. With these four sets of primers, the assay was able to detect monoclonality in 7/10 (70%) @entity468 with histologically and immunohistochemically diagnosed @entity1892 . In two of these cases, monoclonal rearrangement of the @entity7513 genes was only detectable with @entity7513 -1 subgroup-specific primers. Amplification of feline hyperplastic lymphatic tissue only gave results indicative of polyclonal populations. The use of a PCR-based assay in combination with standard techniques for the diagnosis of @entity706 is helpful and the characterization of the additional subgroup of feline variable regions genes puts this assay on a broader basis.

title: A new subgroup of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes for the assessment of clonality in feline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['feline lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['benign hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identifying early warning signs of an @entity583 ( @entity583 ) may aid in the early diagnosis of @entity453 . OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess early warning signs (prodromal symptoms) of @entity583 , with comparisons made by gender. Another aim was to determine whether these early warning signs had any influence on the @entity1 ' acute symptoms of @entity583 . METHODS: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study of Norwegian @entity1 (aged <or=75 years) hospitalized with their first @entity583 . A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information on prodromal symptoms, defined as @entity158 in the chest, @entity158 in the shoulder or back, radiating @entity158 or @entity1183 in the arms, @entity1353 , and @entity1295 . Symptoms were reported for the year before @entity583 and during the acute stage. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between prodromal symptoms and acute symptoms and the effect of medical history ( @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity1007 ). RESULTS: The self-administered questionnaire had a 72% response rate; the study included 149 @entity1 and 384 @entity1 diagnosed with first-time @entity583 . Symptoms occurring during the year before @entity583 included @entity158 in the chest in 45% (240/533), @entity615 in 51% (270/533), arm @entity158 in 38% (205/533), @entity1353 in 33% (176/533), and @entity1295 in 62% (330/533). There were no statistically significant gender differences. The risk of experiencing chest symptoms in the acute phase was >5 times higher in @entity1 who had experienced prodromal symptoms in the chest (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.11; 95% CI, 1.38-18.88) and nearly 3 times higher in @entity1 (OR = 2.80; 95% CI, 1.17-6.70). The risk of experiencing @entity615 was almost 5 times higher in @entity1 with prodromal @entity615 (OR = 4.96; 95% CI, 3.01-8.19), but no statistically significant association was found in @entity1 . The risk of experiencing radiating arm @entity158 or @entity1183 in the acute phase was more than doubled in @entity1 with @entity158 (OR = 2.68; 95% CI, 1.19-6.20) and more than tripled in @entity1 with @entity158 (OR = 3.11; 95% CI, 1.90-5.07). The risk of experiencing @entity1353 in the acute phase was more than doubled in @entity1 with @entity1353 (OR = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.25-5.71) and >5 times higher in @entity1 with @entity1353 (OR = 5.73; 95% CI, 3.42-9.62). Finally, the risk of @entity1295 was almost tripled in @entity1 (OR = 2.97; 95% CI, 1.28-6.85) and more than doubled in @entity1 (OR = 2.51; 95% CI, 1.54-4.11). @entity101 @entity1 , but not @entity1 , were less likely to experience chest symptoms in the acute phase (OR = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.82). CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of the study @entity1 (45%) experienced prodromal chest symptoms the year before their first @entity583 . These prodromal symptoms predicted the symptoms that occurred during the acute stage of @entity583 , with some differences between the sexes.

title: Early warning signs of an XXXX and their influence on symptoms during the acute phase, with comparisons by gender.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['prodromal dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder or back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['prodromal arm pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of polymorphisms in @entity916 @entity7774 system genes on the association between @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) exposure and global and executive cognitive function in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Community. @entity1 : Three thousand seventy-five @entity1 : mean age 73.6, 58% Caucasian, 52% female, 15% taking @entity1289 -Is, 8 years of follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: The outcomes were longitudinal change in Executive Clock Drawing @entity5482 (CLOX1), the Digit Symbol Substitution test, and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. The genetic polymorphisms included @entity7774 -converting enzyme insertion deletion (ACEID) in the @entity1289 gene and the @entity7742 and 6AG polymorphisms in the @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) gene. RESULTS: For the CLOX1 outcome, there was significant interaction between 6AG and @entity7742 polymorphisms in the @entity2178 gene and @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors ( @entity1289 -Is) in Caucasian @entity1 (P=.01 for both polymorphisms) independent of blood pressure levels. Specifically, @entity1289 -I exposure was protective against CLOX1 score decline in carriers of the AA genotype of the 6AG and the CC genotype of the @entity7742 (for the @entity1289 -I vs non- @entity1289 -I groups, P=.01 for 6AG and P=.005 for @entity7742 ) but not the other genotypes. These associations were not significant with other cognitive tests, with ACEID, or in African Americans. CONCLUSION: @entity1289 -Is may provide a protective effect on executive function in Caucasians with @entity2178 gene polymorphisms known to be associated with greater @entity916 @entity7774 system activity. If confirmed in a pharmacogenetic trial, @entity1289 -Is may be found to have additional cognitive protection in a select group of elderly individuals.

title: @entity916 @entity7774 system gene polymorphisms modify XXXX -converting enzyme inhibitors' effect on cognitive function: the health, aging and body composition study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

answer: @entity7774 :: (MESH:D000809,Chemical) :: ['angiotensin']