abstract: A detailed physical and @entity146 assessment of 80 @entity1 with definite or classical @entity309 was performed using diagnostic criteria for @entity146 appropriate for those with @entity221 . Seventeen (21%) @entity1 had @entity308 or @entity148 severe enough to warrant treatment. The presence of @entity74 was not related to the duration of the @entity625 nor to 11 other indicators of its severity with the exception of grip strength (p less than 0.002) and Fries Functional grade (p less than 0.005). It was significantly related to the presence of social stress (p less than 0.05) and lack of social support (p less than 0.005). Those with @entity146 symptoms scored higher on an @entity221 scale, indicating that they perceived their illness as very severe. These also worried excessively about it and failed to be reassured by the doctor. @entity221 was displayed by some @entity1 who had severe @entity625 but lacked social support. In others the complaints were unfounded because their @entity625 was mild. They also experienced much social stress and lacked social support. We conclude that @entity146 occurs in @entity309 with similar frequency to that of other general medical @entity1 . It is principally related to social stress and lack of support rather than severity of @entity625 , and may lead to @entity66 . Since lack of social support appears of prime importance in determining disability, its assessment is essential for the rehabilitation of the disabled @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: @entity146 and XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal illness behaviour']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness', 'Such illness behaviour', 'illness behaviour']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['illness behaviour']


abstract: @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) is an autosomal dominant transmitted condition seen mainly in the French Canadian population. Twenty-one @entity1 with an established diagnosis of this rare disease underwent inferior constrictor myotomy. All @entity1 were evaluated clinically and 12 of them underwent pharyngoesophageal manometric evaluation both preoperatively and postoperatively. All @entity1 presented with severe @entity1282 and frequent aspiration together with pharyngooral and pharyngonasal regurgitation. Our results showed that all symptoms were significantly improved after inferior constrictor myotomy. Manometric assessment showed significant differences in pressure, duration and frequency of pharyngeal contraction when compared with a control group. After surgery pharyngeal contraction frequency was significantly lowered toward the normal level but other parameters of pharyngeal function remained unchanged. At the level of the upper esophageal sphincter, resting and closing pressure, relaxation time, relaxation and coordination were studied. There was no significant difference between control subjects and @entity3986 @entity1 for these variables. Surgery significantly lowered the resting and closing pressure of the sphincter but did not modify significantly the other parameters.

title: Inferior constrictor myotomy in XXXX : clinical and manometric evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['OPMD', 'Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal dysphagia']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy']


abstract: Fifty-one brain-injured @entity1 with peak 24-hour admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) scores of 4 to 10 were prospectively randomly assigned to receive total parenteral (TPN) or enteral (EN) nutrition. @entity1 were studied from hospital admission to 18 days postinjury. Outcome was assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postinjury. The TPN group received a significantly higher cumulative mean intake of protein than the EN group (mean +/- standard error of the mean: 1.35 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.9 gm/kg/day; p = 0.004). Mean cumulative caloric balance was also significantly higher in the TPN than in the EN group (75.6% +/- 5.13% vs. 59% +/- 4.26%; p = 0.02). @entity1568 balance was significantly more negative in the EN group during the 1st week postinjury (p = 0.002). The incidence of @entity55 , @entity293 , @entity326 was not significantly different between groups. Classic nutritional assessment parameters such as anergy screens, total lymphocyte counts, and albumin levels were not significantly different between groups. The 11 @entity1 in the EN group who did not tolerate tube feedings for 1 week postinjury had a significantly higher incidence of @entity326 (p = 0.008). The change over time in GCS scores between groups was significantly different, with the TPN group showing a mean four-point increase in GCS score compared with a three-point increase in the EN group (p = 0.02). At 3 months the TPN group had a significantly higher percentage of favorable outcomes (43.5% vs. 17.9%, respectively; p = 0.05). At 6 months, 43.5% of the TPN group had a favorable outcome while 32.1% of the EN group had a favorable outcome (p = 0.29). By 1 year, 47.8% of the @entity8856 group and 32.1% of the EN group had a favorable outcome (p = 0.20). In conclusion, more calories and protein usually can be administered to acute @entity1545 @entity1 via the TPN route than by EN feedings via nasogastric or nasoduodenal routes. Traditional parameters for nutritional assessment are not useful in studying the efficacy of nutritional support during the first 2 weeks after @entity542 . Neurological recovery from @entity542 occurs more rapidly in @entity1 with better early nutritional support.

title: The effect of nutritional support on outcome from severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'septic shock, and infections']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: We studied 49 @entity1 with @entity1557 with severe @entity2543 , sometimes suggestive of in situ @entity189 . The term " @entity1557 " (JFA) is recommended for these lesions, which occur mainly in adolescent and young @entity1 . Twenty-six cases (2%) were obtained through a review of 1,321 consecutive @entity1557 and 23 were seen in consultation. The 49 @entity1 ranged in age from 10-72 years (average 26 years); 50% were younger than 21 years. This age distribution was significantly lower than that of @entity1 with adult FA (p less than 0.001). Four patterns of @entity2543 were observed: ductal-laciform, ductal-solid, @entity1377 and lobular-terminal ductal. Forty-six @entity1 were treated by excision only. Eight years was the average follow-up and 7 years the median follow-up for 28 (57%) @entity1 followed for more than a year (range 1-19 years). Two @entity1 , aged 47 and 59 years at the time of diagnosis of JFA, subsequently developed @entity189 in the contralateral and ipsilateral breast, respectively; all others have remained well. Atypical epithelial proliferation in this setting should be interpreted conservatively. Long-term follow-up is recommended after excision of JFA.

title: @entity1557 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['cystic-papillary']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['atypical epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas', 'juvenile fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity2543 :: (MESH:D017573,Disease) :: ['atypical epithelial hyperplasia']


abstract: The aim of this population-based prospective study was to determine the incidence of @entity174 by site and gender in different regions of Europe. @entity1 and @entity1 aged 50-79 years were recruited from population registers in 31 European centers. Subjects were invited to attend for an interviewer-administered questionnaire and lateral spinal radiographs. Subjects were subsequently followed up using an annual postal questionnaire which included questions concerning the occurrence of new @entity174 . Self-reported @entity174 were confirmed where possible by radiograph, attending physician or subject interview. There were 6451 @entity1 and 6936 @entity1 followed for a median of 3.0 years. During this time there were 140 incident limb @entity174 in @entity1 and 391 in @entity1 . The age-adjusted incidence of any @entity174 was 7.3/1000 @entity1 -years [pyrs] in @entity1 and 19 per 1000 pyrs in @entity1 , equivalent to a 2.5 times excess in @entity1 . Among @entity1 , the incidence of hip, humerus and @entity174 , though not 'other' @entity174 , increased with age, while in @entity1 only the incidence of hip and humerus @entity174 increased with age. Among @entity1 , there was evidence of significant variation in the occurrence of hip, distal forearm and humerus @entity174 across Europe, with incidence rates higher in Scandinavia than in other European regions, though for @entity174 the incidence in east Europe was similar to that observed in Scandinavia. Among @entity1 , there was no evidence of significant geographic variation in the occurrence of these @entity174 . This is the first large population-based study to characterize the incidence of @entity174 in @entity1 and @entity1 over 50 years of age across Europe. There are substantial differences in the descriptive epidemiology of @entity174 by region and gender.

title: Incidence of XXXX across Europe: results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (EPOS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'limb fracture', 'fracture', 'distal forearm fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['limb fracture']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Animal model study. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological variation in the injured muscle and production of calcitonin gene-related peptide in @entity35 over time. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Vertebral surgery has been reported to cause @entity2057 , which may result in @entity158 . However, few reports have described the time series histological variation in the injured muscle and changes in the dominant nerve. METHODS: We used 30 male, 8-week-old @entity35 . The right and left sides of the paravertebral muscle were considered as the injured and uninjured sides, respectively. A 115 g weight was dropped from a height of 1 m on the right paravertebral muscle. @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) staining of the muscle was performed 1-3 weeks after injury for histological evaluation. Fluoro-Gold (FG) was injected into the paravertebral muscle. The L2 dorsal root ganglia on both sides were resected 1, 2, and 3 weeks after injury, and immunohistochemical staining for calcitonin gene-related peptide was performed. RESULTS: H_E staining of the paravertebral muscle showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and the presence of granulation tissue in the injured part on the ipsilateral side 1 week after injury. @entity2057 occurred 3 weeks after injury, but was repaired via spontaneous replacement of muscle cells/fibers. In contrast, compared with the uninjured side, the percentage of cells double-labeled with FG and calcitonin gene-related peptide in FG-positive cells in the dorsal root ganglia of the injured side was significantly increased at each time point throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that sensitization of the dominant nerve in the dorsal root ganglia, which may be caused by cicatrix formation, can protract injured @entity925 . This information may be helpful in elucidating the underlying mechanism of persistent @entity158 after back @entity121 .

title: Evaluation of Histological Changes in Back Muscle Injuries in XXXX over Time.

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle atrophy', 'atrophy of the back muscles']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: We evaluated bronchial arterial hemodynamics after thoracic irradiation therapy. We performed bronchial arteriography in 9 @entity1 (8 males and 1 female) with @entity2 who received thoracic irradiation (58-72 Gy). Three @entity1 had @entity420 , 3 @entity957 , @entity4153 and 1 large cell @entity189 . Their clinical stages were 6 in stage IIIB and 3 in stage IV. Eight of these cases also received chemotherapy by intra-bronchial arterial infusion of anti- @entity5 agents ( @entity3003 and/or @entity900 ). The bronchial arterial supply was patent except in the one complete remission case ( @entity4153 of stage IIIB). In the five cases developing @entity1207 , bronchial arteries demonstrated angiogenesis in the radiation fields, despite which pulmonary arteriography and/or pulmonary perfusion scintigrams showed a decreased pulmonary arterial supply. Bronchial arterial hemodynamics demonstrated no significant damage in the bronchial arteries by the thoracic irradiation therapy and/or bronchial arterial infusion of anti- @entity5 agents. It is suggested that patent bronchial arteries after radiation therapy promote local recurrences of @entity2 . In 5 cases, including 2 local relapsed cases and 3 cases showing no remarkable response to radical radiation therapy, we performed bronchial arterial infusion of anti- @entity5 agents after radiation therapy, with good responses obtained. We conclude that thoracic irradiation did not damage bronchial arteries as compared with pulmonary arteries, and that in local relapsed and radio-resistant cases bronchial arterial infusion of anti- @entity5 agents after radiation therapy is a useful approach.

title: [Bronchial arterial hemodynamics after thoracic irradiation therapy in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', '2 small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Pharmacogenetic techniques allow for the examination of genetic and environmental factors underlying phenotypes associated with drug response. Initial studies of @entity19 bred at Jackson Laboratories (JAX) indicated that C57BL/6J @entity19 were more sensitive to @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 , as measured by latency to paw lick, than SJL/J @entity19 . A classical @entity74 breeding program was initiated in which F1, F2 and backcross generations were derived from C57BL/6J and SJL/J breeding pairs purchased from JAX to examine the genetic factors underlying @entity1286 @entity1337 . Genetic analysis indicated significant dominance or heterosis for a reduced drug response. The F1 generation was less sensitive to @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 than either parental strain. Mathematical analysis of the generation means revealed that a simple dominance model with no epistatic interaction between genes best described the data. Environmental factors also affected sensitivity to @entity1286 @entity1337 , in that C57BL and SJL @entity19 raised in our facility did not differ in latency to paw lick. SJL @entity19 from JAX exhibit a high degree of @entity146 , while SJL @entity19 raised in our facilities show little or no @entity146 . The levels of @entity146 among groups of SJL @entity19 were characterized and found to correlate with sensitivity to @entity1286 @entity1337 . @entity19 exposed to increasingly greater levels of @entity146 were the least sensitive to @entity1286 . Thus, the changes observed in sensitivity to @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 appear to be related to the degree of @entity146 to which these @entity19 are exposed, possibly resulting from the stress and/or prolonged exposure to @entity158 stimuli associated with @entity146 encounters.

title: Aggression modulates genetic influences on @entity1286 XXXX as assessed using a classical mendelian cross analysis.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Mendelian cross']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new technique for correction of severe @entity1757 . DESIGN: For all @entity1 , preoperative photographs were graded with regard to the severity of @entity1757 . Preoperatively, nasal airway breathing surveys were conducted and nasal tip projection (NTP) measurements were recorded. The @entity1757 were then repaired with use of the ethmoid bone sandwich grafting technique. Photographs, NTP measurements, and an airway survey were then repeated 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative assessments were compared and analyzed. Lateral nasal roentgenograms were obtained in five of 10 @entity1 to assess resorption of the bone grafts. Complications were noted if present. SETTING: Urban medical center. @entity1 : Ten volunteers with severe @entity1757 causing both @entity177 . All @entity1 had undergone at least one previous submucous resection. OUTCOME MEASURES: Durability and degree of correction, maintenance of NTP, airway improvement, and morbidity. RESULTS: After 1 year, all @entity1 maintained satisfactory correction of their caudal @entity1757 based on postoperative photographic grading and physical examination findings. The NTP was maintained in eight of 10 @entity1 . Two @entity1 experienced loss of NTP after 1 year that was not present 6 months postoperatively. Average airway improvement was 126.7% after 1 year. Postoperative roentgenograms showed only minor (< 10%) bone graft resorption. The only complication was a @entity738 . CONCLUSIONS: The ethmoid bone sandwich grafting technique corrected severe caudal septal deviations while maintaining or strengthening structural support of the caudal septal strut without loss of NTP, airway compromise, or morbidity.

title: Ethmoid bone sandwich grafting for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cosmetic and functional problems']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defect', 'caudal septal defects']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['caudal septal defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the national epidemiology of @entity4034 ( @entity4034 ) and, using a single institutions' experience, test the hypothesis that early surgical therapy as compared with antibiotics alone results in an improved chance of wound healing and limb salvage. BACKGROUND: Foot and digit @entity4034 is a very common problem for which management is variable and for which few guidelines exist. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and a single institution review from 1993 to 2000 form the basis of this study, using ICD-9CM codes for lower extremity foot and digit @entity4034 . Demographics, risk factors, and treatments were analyzed against the outcomes of a healed wound, limb salvage, and @entity204 . RESULTS: The NIS included 51,875 @entity1 (incidence = 9/10,000 @entity1 per year) with a mean age of 60 years, and 59% were @entity1 . The median length of stay decreased from 9 to 6 days (P < 0.001), but the average admission charge of 19,000 dollars did not significantly decrease over 7 years. Of these @entity1 , 23% underwent a digit amputation and 8.5% suffered proximal limb loss. Single-institution analysis of 237 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4034 confirmed a similar mean age (58 years), gender (67% @entity1 ), and most presented with a foot or digit @entity1066 (56%). Wound healing was achieved in 56% and overall limb salvage was 80%. Decreased wound healing was associated with peripheral @entity432 (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.8, P = 0.006) and preadmission antibiotic use (odds ratio, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-1.1, P=0.07), while surgical debridement (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.2, P = 0.02) was associated with increased healing. Limb salvage was improved with an arterial bypass (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-14, P = 0.04), while preadmission solid organ transplant (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.96, P = 0.04), peripheral @entity432 (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.5, P = 0.001), and preadmission antibiotic use (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.77, P = 0.009) were associated with greater limb loss. CONCLUSION: Digit @entity4034 is an expensive and morbid disease. @entity146 surgical debridement/digit amputation and selected use of arterial bypass should improve wound healing and limb salvage, respectively. In contrast, antibiotic therapy alone is associated with decreased wound healing and limb salvage.

title: XXXX of the foot and toe in adults is a surgical disease: conservative management worsens lower extremity salvage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['adult osteomyelitis', 'OM']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusive disease']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ) is a primary @entity3230 defined by defective antibody production. In most series, a small proportion of @entity1 present with @entity1292 ( @entity1292 ). METHODS: The French DEFI study has enrolled @entity1 with @entity7893 and allows a detailed clinical and immunologic description of @entity1 with previous @entity1292 and/or at risk for @entity1292 . RESULTS: Among 313 @entity1 with @entity6078 , 28 @entity1 (8.9%) presented with @entity3230 ( @entity3230 ), defined by the occurrence of an @entity6926 and/or a @entity404 (+) T cell count <200 x 10(6) cells/L, and were compared with the remaining 285 @entity1 with @entity6078 . The @entity1 with @entity3230 more frequently belonged to consanguineous families (29% vs 8%; P = .004). They differed from @entity1 with @entity6078 with a higher prevalence of @entity381 (64% vs 31%), @entity738 (43% vs 10%), @entity344 (75% vs 42%), and @entity706 (29% vs 4%). Even on immunoglobulin substitution, they required more frequent antibiotics administration and hospitalization. Lymphocyte counts were lower, with a marked decrease in @entity404 (+) T cell counts (158 x 10(6) vs 604 x 10(6) cells/L; P < .001) and a severe defect in naive CD45RA(+)CCR7(+) @entity404 (+) T cell counts (<20% of total @entity404 (+) T cells in 71% of @entity1 with @entity3230 vs 37% of @entity1 with @entity6078 ; P = .001). The CD19(+) B cell compartment was also significantly decreased (20 x 10(6) vs 102 x 10(6) cells/L; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3230 differs from classic @entity6078 in its clinical and immunologic characteristics. Systematic T cell phenotype may help to discriminate such @entity1 from those with @entity6078 . Identification of this phenotype should result in a more fitted diagnostic and therapeutic approach of @entity281 and could provide insights for genetic diagnosis.

title: Late-onset XXXX : a subset of common variable immunodeficiency with severe T cell defect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['Common variable immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['OIs', 'opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency', 'LOCID', 'late-onset combined immune deficiency']

answer: @entity3230 :: (MESH:C565469,Disease) :: ['combined immune deficiency']


abstract: The study of mechanisms by which animals tolerate environmental extremes may provide strategies for preservation of living @entity1 materials. Animals employ a variety of compounds to enhance their survival, including production of @entity7967 , @entity653 , and antifreeze compounds. The cryoprotectant @entity653 was discovered before its role in amphibian survival. In the last decade, @entity7970 has made an impact on freezing and drying methods for @entity1 cells. Investigation of @entity7967 was stimulated by the variety of organisms that tolerate dehydration stress by accumulation of @entity7967 . Several methods have been developed for the loading of @entity7970 into @entity1 cells, including inducing membrane lipid-phase transitions, genetically engineered pores, endocytosis, and prolonged cell culture with @entity7970 . In contrast, the many antifreeze proteins (AFPs) identified in a variety of organisms have had little impact. The first AFPs to be discovered were found in cold water fish; their AFPs have not found a medical application. Insect AFPs function by similar mechanisms, but they are more active and recombinant AFPs may offer the best opportunity for success in medical applications. For example, in contrast to fish AFPs, transgenic organisms expressing insect AFPs exhibit reduced ice nucleation. However, we must remember that nature's survival strategies may include production of AFPs, antifreeze glycolipids, ice nucleators, polyols, @entity7967 , depletion of ice nucleators, and partial desiccation in synchrony with the onset of winter. We anticipate that it is only by combining several natural low temperature survival strategies that the full potential benefits for @entity1 cell survival and medical applications can be achieved.

title: Lessons from nature for preservation of XXXX cells, tissues, and organs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7967 :: ('MESH:D004187', 'Chemical') :: ['disaccharides']

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Spinal surgery for the various @entity600 is generally indicated to arrest disease progression. The results of the present study suggest that certain clinical conditions and presentations are associated with an exceptionally good surgical prognosis. Sixty-nine procedures were done in 55 @entity1 . The diagnoses included hydromyelia and tethered cord related to @entity601 , @entity362 , lipomeningocele, previous operation, and thickened filum terminale. The operative results were evaluated for significant functional neurological and urological improvement, as well as for the relief of @entity158 . @entity158 relief was achieved in 92% of @entity1 with @entity158 . Significant functional return was seen in 67% of hydromyelia @entity1 . On the other hand, surgical treatment of tethered cord caused improvement in 24% ( @entity362 ) to 46% (thickened filum and @entity601 ). These results suggest that @entity1 with hydromyelia and @entity1 with a @entity600 and @entity158 have an excellent prognosis after operation. A re-evaluation of the indications for surgery for these @entity1 may be necessary.

title: Functional improvement after spinal surgery for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['dysraphic malformation', 'dysraphic malformations']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['diastematomyelia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'preoperative pain']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['dysraphic malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a reliable marker for long-term glycemic control in obese @entity6 @entity1 . Roux-en-Y gastric bypass improves HbA1c levels over time. However, it is not clear whether the preoperative HbA1c level is a predictor of the outcome in these @entity1 . Our objectives were to understand the predictive capacity of the preoperative HbA1c level in gastric bypass @entity1 at a single university-based Bariatric Center of Excellence. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 468 charts from 2006 to 2009 of @entity1 who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Using their preoperative HbA1c status, the @entity1 were categorized and the postoperative outcomes compared. RESULTS: Of the 468 @entity1 reviewed, 310 (66.2%) had a HbA1c of <6.5% (group 1), 92 (19.4%) had a HbA1c of 6.5-7.9% (group 2), and 66 (14.1%) had a HbA1c level of >8.0% (group 3). No difference was found among the 3 groups in baseline body mass index, race, procedure type, length of stay, hospital cost, and smoking status. Groups 2 and 3 were associated with older age, male gender, and higher baseline @entity1011 . Groups 2 and 3 also had a proportionally greater inpatient postoperative blood @entity413 level. An elevated postoperative @entity413 level was independently associated with wound @entity281 (P = .008) and @entity810 (P = .04). Also, group 3 experienced worse outcomes, including less @entity353 at 18 months and fewer @entity6 . Over time, however, the vast majority in all groups achieved excellent chronic glycemic control, with HbA1c <6.5% after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. CONCLUSION: Poor preoperative glycemic control is associated with worse @entity413 level control postoperatively, fewer @entity6 , and less @entity353 . An elevated mean postoperative @entity413 level is independently associated with increased morbidity.

title: Preoperative hemoglobin A1c and postoperative XXXX control in outcomes after gastric bypass for obesity.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic remissions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Two cases of iatrogenic left main @entity3979 ( @entity12448 ) following aortic valve replacement (AVR) are documented. The first @entity1 began to have @entity662 due to @entity741 7 months after AVR. Angiographically, the ostium of her left coronary artery was severely stenotic. She refused coronary bypass grafting. She died of @entity583 due to @entity12448 , 23 months after AVR. Histologically, a loose cellular connective tissue was found around the stenotic coronary arterial lumen. The other @entity1 had @entity662 4 months after aortic and mitral valve replacement. The @entity12448 was diagnosed angiographically. After she had coronary bypass grafting, she was free from @entity741 . The onset of @entity741 in the first six months after AVR is highly suggestive of @entity12448 , and urgent coronary angiography is recommended and, if proximal stenosis of the coronary arteries is diagnosed, coronary bypass grafting should be performed.

title: [Iatrogenic left main XXXX following aortic valve replacement: two cases report].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic symptoms', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity11397 , a @entity519 cytotoxin, combined with conventional radiotherapy (RT) for @entity135 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From Oct. 1994 to Nov. 1996, 40 @entity1 with @entity5 of the head and neck were enrolled in a Phase II trial to receive conventional RT (70 Gy in 7 weeks) with concurrent @entity11397 (159 mg/m2 intravenously, 3 times per week for 12 doses). One @entity1 subsequently withdrew from the protocol treatment, and was excluded from analyses. Among the 39 cases, the primary sites were located in the oropharynx (n = 28), supraglottic larynx (n = 6), or hypopharynx (n = 5). Twenty-seven @entity1 had T3 or T4, and 27 had N2 or N3 disease. RESULTS: Thirty-two (82%) @entity1 received full 12 drug doses. Thirty-two @entity1 (82%) received full 70 Gy of RT. The most frequent @entity137 were muscle cramps (77%) and @entity390 / @entity391 (62%), usually grade 1 or 2. Overall, 13 @entity1 (33%) experienced grade 3 or 4 drug-related @entity137 . No excessive RT-associated acute normal tissue reactions were observed. With a median follow-up of 13 months, the 1-year and 2-year local control rate was 64% and 59% respectively. CONCLUSION: The @entity11397 regimen was well tolerated with a compliance rate of 82%. The @entity137 of RT with concurrent @entity11397 was acceptable in treating @entity135 . The disease control trend was encouraging. Further clinical studies are warranted.

title: Concurrent @entity11397 and radiotherapy for XXXX : a Phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['advanced head and neck carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'drug toxicities', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III or IV carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity11397 :: ('MESH:C049947', 'Chemical') :: ['tirapazamine']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['advanced head and neck carcinomas']


abstract: @entity3293 ( @entity3293 ) is a rare low-grade soft tissue @entity242 that has been reported to have an indolent nature history, and relatively good prognosis. The majority of primary @entity5 are located in the extremities and they tend to be bulky at presentation. Studies with long-term follow-up have revealed the development of distant metastases in virtually all @entity1 , eventually resulting in @entity204 . We reviewed our experience with @entity3293 over the last three decades. The @entity1 population was identified through a search of the database maintained by the Departments of @entity1 Studies, Pathology, and @entity320 Medical Oncology. Eleven @entity1 with histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity3293 were identified. The median age was 59 (37-81 years), and there were nine males and two females. Nine @entity1 had an extremity location and the remaining two had a chest wall and abdominal wall primary, respectively. The median size of the @entity5 was 10 cm (range: 4-17 cm) in maximum dimension. Ten of the eleven @entity1 received chemotherapy, mainly with @entity632 - and @entity2699 -based regimens. One @entity1 is currently on beta-interferon. No objective responses were noted, to a median of 4 (2-6) cycles of chemotherapy. Three @entity1 were treated with @entity1260 as a second-line chemotherapy without any benefit. Three @entity1 have expired, two @entity1 are alive with no evidence of disease, and six @entity1 are alive with disease. The median follow-up is 5 years (range: 1.33-17 years) from diagnosis. Although small numbers preclude adequate assessment, there is no evidence of efficacy of standard soft-tissue @entity242 chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity3293 .

title: XXXX . Long-term experience with chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3293 :: ('MESH:C563195', 'Disease') :: ['Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma', 'EMC']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Melanoma-Sarcoma']

answer: @entity3293 :: (MESH:C563195,Disease) :: ['Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma']


abstract: @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) is characterized by cytopenias/cytoses, leukoerythroblastic blood picture, @entity4018 , and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Extremity @entity158 can be a feature of @entity4018 . There has been one case report of a @entity1 with @entity4018 and @entity158 treated with radiation. We treated five @entity1 with @entity4018 and @entity158 with radiation at our institution between 2004 and 2010. All @entity1 had severe @entity158 unresponsive to narcotic medication. Radiation was one fraction of 100 to 600 cGy. Most @entity1 saw improvement in the @entity158 within days and achieved a complete response within days to weeks.The response lasted between 1 month and 2 years. Retreatment was performed in four @entity1 and achieved a durable response in three @entity1 . No @entity1 reported any acute or late side effects from radiation.Bone involvement in @entity4018 can cause disabling @entity158 , but single-fraction low-dose radiation is a safe and effective treatment, often leading to a durable response. Retreatment is also safe and effective inpatients who experience recurrent @entity158 .

title: Successful treatment of severe @entity158 in XXXX with low-dose single-fraction radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['Myelofibrosis', 'bone marrow fibrosis', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain', 'extremity pain']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['myelofibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1902 is an emergent condition of morbidity at global level; WHO is currently recommending integration of rotavirus vaccination into the regions and states where @entity6425 is identified as a public health priority problem. OBJECTIVE: analyzing the frequency and clinical severity of @entity1902 in pediatric inpatients and commenting the programmatic signification of the analysis' results. METHODS: descriptive retrospective study followed by case-control study upon the cohort of @entity1 hospitalized in the year 2008, for @entity697 ( @entity697 ) of infectious nature in the biggest university clinic for @entity1 from Bucharest municipality. Rotavirus etiology was sustained on the ground of rotavirus antigen's detection, through immune chromatography assay, in the feces of @entity1 with @entity697 . The predictor factor for clinical severity was prolonged hospitalization, defined as any duration of hospitalization longer then the value calculated at 75 percentile, in the studied cohort. For the case-control study each case of @entity6425 (Code ICD-10: A08.0) has been matched by age and gender with one control, selected at random from the list of @entity1 with @entity697 of different etiology than the case. RESULTS: in 2008 in our clinic, a lot of 684 of @entity1 was hospitalized for at least 24 hours, for @entity697 , in which the median age was 8 months and the prevalence of male gender was 49%. In this lot, the prevalence of @entity6425 was 12.7%. Cases of @entity6425 have been admitted all year round, monthly highest prevalence being of 40%. The risk of prolonged hospitalization in @entity1 discharged with the diagnosis of @entity6425 was 2.36 higher (95% Confidence Interval: 1.17-4.78; p < 0.01) than in the same age and gender @entity1 hospitalized for @entity697 of other etiologies. CONCLUSIONS: our study found an annual prevalence of 2.7%, a monthly maximum prevalence of 40% and a risk of prolonged hospitalization of @entity6425 .36 times higher then in @entity697 cases of other etiologies. In our opinion, these findings encompass objective arguments sustaining that in Bucharest, the @entity6425 represents a public health problem, with high priority in allocation of health resources, mainly for surveillance and routine immunization.

title: [Frequency and severity of rotavirus XXXX hospitalized in Bucharest, Romania. Results of a case-control study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection', 'rotavirus enteritis', 'rotavirus enteritis of 2']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diarrhoeal disease', 'ADD clinical syndrome', 'infectious ADD', 'ADD']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute gastroenteritis']


abstract: CONTEXT: What defects in @entity413 metabolism are present in offspring of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 ( @entity9680 (+) with a positive family history of @entity6 ) and to what extent they depend on line of inheritance are uncertain. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess clinical phenotype, insulin sensitivity, and b-cell function in @entity9680 (+) by line of inheritance. SUBJECTS: The subjects included 1221 nondiabetic @entity1 and @entity1 aged 30-60 yr, of whom 343 were @entity9680 (+), who participated to the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and @entity65 Investigators study, a multicenter European collaboration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures included the following: insulin sensitivity by the euglycemic clamp; total insulin secretion, b-cell @entity413 sensitivity, rate sensitivity, and potentiation by C-peptide deconvolution and oral @entity413 tolerance test modeling; and acute insulin response to i.v. @entity413 . RESULTS: Older age, increased adiposity, and @entity2299 were the dominant features of @entity9680 (+) clinical phenotype. @entity9680 (+) subjects had a 13% reduction in insulin sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI) of 6,19], which in males was more pronounced (17%, CI: 5,24 vs. 10%, CI: 2,20) and influenced by maternal inheritance (21%, CI: 5,38 vs. 14%, CI: 0,28 paternal). After adjusting for confounders, b-cell @entity413 sensitivity and rate sensitivity were reduced by 13% (CI: 3,20) and 18% (CI: 5,35), respectively (P < 0.01 for both); the former defect was more severe with maternal (16%, CI: 4,26) than paternal (9%, CI: -2,22) transmission. Independently of line of inheritance, both fasting and total oral @entity413 tolerance test insulin secretion were increased in proportion to the insulin resistance, whereas acute insulin response and rate sensitivity were not. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 inheritance is expressed as a characteristic clinical phenotype associated with @entity1720 and b-cell @entity413 sensitivity, which are accentuated along maternal inheritance. b-Cell rate sensitivity is reduced and b-cell dynamic responses to insulin resistance are lost independently of the line of inheritance.

title: Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in the offspring of type 2 XXXX @entity1 : impact of line of inheritance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['defects in insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: We present a series of 14 cases of cutaneous hidradenocarcinomas. The @entity1 included 6 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ranging in age at diagnosis from 34 to 93 years. All but 1 @entity1 presented with a solitary nodule. There was no predilection site. One @entity1 presented with multiple lesions representing metastatic nodules. Of 12 @entity1 with available follow-up, 2 died of disease, whereas the remaining 10 @entity1 were alive but 3 of them experienced a local recurrence in the course of the disease. Grossly, the @entity5 ranged in size from 1.2 to 6 cm. Microscopically, of the 14 @entity5 , 9 showed low-grade cytomorphology, whereas the remaining 5 @entity5 were high-grade lesions. The residuum of a @entity13152 was present in 5 of the 14 primaries. The mitotic rate was highly variable, ranging from 2 to 64 mitoses per 10 high-power field. The cellular composition of the @entity5 varied slightly, with clear cells, epidermoid cells, and transitional forms being present in each case. In 1 case, there was metaplastic transformation into @entity189 . Glandular differentiation varied from case to case and appeared most commonly as simple round glands or as cells with intracytoplasmic lumens. Necrosis en masse was detected in 8 specimens. One specimen represented a reexcision and was unusual as it showed a well-demarcated intradermal proliferation of relatively bland clear cells accompanied by an overlying intraepidermal growth of clear cells resembling hidradenoacanthoma simplex. Despite the bland appearance, the @entity5 metastasized to a lymph node. Immunohistochemically, 5 of the 8 specimens studied for @entity1722 expression were negative, whereas 3 specimens from 2 cases yielded score +2, but all the 3 specimens with score 2+ subsequently proved negative for @entity1722 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Of 10 primaries studied, 4 @entity5 showed positive @entity876 immunoreaction in more than 25% of the cells comprising the malignant portion of the lesions, in 2 cases, a minority of the neoplastic cells (10%-20%) demonstrated nuclear staining, whereas the remaining 4 cases were negative. Of 9 specimens of hidradenocarcinoma studied for @entity876 mutations, 2 harbored mutations, whereas the remaining 7 specimens showed the wild-type sequence. Of 11 specimens studied for translocation t(11;19), 2 cases harbored the translocation. It is concluded that cutaneous hidradenocarcinomas show some microscopic heterogeneity and comprise both low- and high-grade lesions that cytologically are similar to their benign counterpart, the @entity13152 . Within the spectrum of low-grade lesions, there seem to exist @entity5 almost indistinguishable from @entity13152 but still being capable of regional or distant @entity3 . Similar to @entity13152 , hidradenocarcinomas show a t(11;19) translocation, but it is a significantly rarer event. Even rarer is the amplification of the @entity1722 gene. Of note is the relatively low frequency of @entity876 mutations despite a high rate of @entity876 protein expression at the immunohistochemical level.

title: Cutaneous hidradenocarcinoma: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biologic study of 14 cases, including XXXX gene expression/amplification, @entity876 gene mutation analysis, and t(11;19) translocation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13152 :: ('MESH:D018250', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenomas', 'hidradenoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['Her2/neu']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in @entity1 with @entity890 . METHODS: Forty-six cases of @entity890 were treated by modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. There were 32 males and 14 females with a mean age of 47 years old (range: 27 - 65). The mean course of disease was 7.5 years (range: 4 - 18). Eighteen cases were of single-level @entity890 , including L3/4 (n = 5), L4/5 (n = 8) and L5/S1 (n = 5). There were 28 cases with @entity179 at other levels. Preoperatively, the score of visual analogue scale (VAS) was 8.9    1.3 and the score of Oswestry disability index (ODI) was 57.3    5.2. All @entity1 received a normal conservative treatment for at least 3 months with no therapeutic effect at pre-operation. RESULTS: Forty-six cases had an average follow-up of 20 months (range: 12 - 20). The operative duration was an average of 160 minutes (range: 120 - 180). And the average volume of intra-operative @entity190 was 550 ml (range: 400 - 800). There was no severe complication. The symptoms became stable after three months. At 3 months postoperatively, the score of VAS was 2.0    0.4 and the score of ODI 15.2    3.4. And there were significant differences between preoperative and postoperative values (P < 0.05). The improvement rates of postoperative VAS and ODI were (80.1    4.7)% and (73.6    2.8)% respectively. All @entity1 achieved lumbar interbody bone fusion at 12 months post-operation with a fusion rate of 100%. For the therapeutic effect, 34 cases were regarded as excellent, 8 good and 4 fair with an excellent/good rate of 91.3%. All @entity1 began to walk with orthosis after 3 days and resumed their jobs and normal lives after 3 months. CONCLUSION: Modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion is effective for the treatment of @entity890 . Making a detailed operative plan on the basis of preoperative images and symptoms is essential.

title: [Treatment of XXXX by modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a pedicle screw system].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is much evidence for the influence of low socio-economic status on poor health. It is, however, also important to study the ways in which @entity1 attain and retain their socio-economic status and the factors that predict changes in socio-economic status, such as a decrease in income. Such mobility also occurs in older populations, in which financial and health-related changes are very common, especially after retirement. METHODS: Three years of follow-up data from 1443 Dutch @entity1 and @entity1 aged 55 years and older who participated in the Study on Medical Information and Lifestyles Eindhoven ( @entity408 ) were gathered. Logistic regression analyses were used to study the independent effects of physical and @entity409 and severity of @entity102 and adverse personality factors on decrease in income. RESULTS: @entity148 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09-2.40), physical dysfunction (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.07-2.74) and severe diseases (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05-1.78) were significant predictors of decrease in income. These contributions were independent of each other, and remained robust after controlling for other confounding factors, such as gender, age and educational level and change in employment status. @entity409 and other personality characteristics, such as hostility and mastery, did not contribute to decrease in income. CONCLUSION: @entity148 and poor physical health are relevant factors associated with decrease in income in old age. The findings suggest that these factors are important in retaining one's socio-economic status. Future longitudinal research is necessary to further disentangle the mechanisms and pathways related to socio-economic health inequalities along the life-course.

title: Personality and health as predictors of income decrease in old age: findings from the longitudinal XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Mental dysfunction', 'mental dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Social anxiety']

answer: @entity408 :: (160418,Gene) :: ['SMILE']


abstract: By very soft @entity3971 method, the high-molecular-mass natural DNA complexes (10(8)-10(9) Da), which contain 1-3% specific lipids, were isolated from different eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Two pools of DNA-bound lipids were isolated: loosely bound (extracted with 35% @entity1068 ) and tightly bound lipids (extracted after additional treatment @entity3420 ). The composition of these two lipid pools of different sources ( @entity35 thymus, liver, regenerating liver, loach sperm, pigeon erythrocytes, Zajdel ascites @entity157 , @entity8270 , @entity21302 , @entity526 B, T2 phage) was studied. The DNA-bound lipid pools consist of neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL), moreover NL is always in a few fold more than PL. The composition of these lipid pools of eukaryotes distinguishes between themselves, mainly, by free @entity165 (minor fraction), @entity6894 (major fraction), and by @entity2434 . Only the tightly bound lipid pool was present in T2 phage DNA. The dramatic redistribution effect between all fractions of NL pools (free and ester @entity165 , free @entity1718 , @entity13286 ) was observed in DNA synthesis phase of cell cycle on the background of the unchanged composition of PL pools. Comparative analysis of DNA-bound lipid pools of normal and @entity5 cells was carried out. The DNA-bound lipid pools of transformed cells significantly differ from the same normal cells both by PL composition ( @entity6894 ) and by the presence of additional fractions (mono- and @entity1674 ) as well. The possible functions of DNA-bound lipid pools, especially of @entity6894 and @entity165 at the attachment of DNA loops to the nuclear matrix, DNA replicon organization, replication, and transcription are discussed.

title: DNA-bound lipids of normal and XXXX cells: retrospective and outlooks for functional genomics.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity13286 :: ('MESH:D004075', 'Chemical') :: ['diglycerides']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['Ehrlich ascites carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Understanding non-adherence to guidelines in @entity1 with co-morbidities by supplementing quantitative data through @entity1 -centred qualitative research. It is hypothesised that clinical constraints and @entity1 -related factors explain the vast proportion of non-adherence. DESIGN: Mixed-method case study. SETTING: Primary and secondary acute care hospital, Department for Internal Medicine. @entity1 : All consecutive @entity1 having @entity712 ( @entity712 ) being hospitalised within a 2-year period. RESULTS: Quantitative drug prescribing analysis in 348 @entity1 with @entity712 confirms moderate guideline adherence: the guideline adherence index (GAI) corresponds to 0.7 for the three most important drug classes indicated for @entity712 and to 0.6 for all five recommended drug classes. Corrections with regard to the most important clinical contraindication ( @entity177 ) for these drugs raise the GAI to 0.8 in both categories. Semistructured interviews in 50 consecutive @entity1 show relevant reasons for non-adherence in half of the remaining @entity1 with non-adherence to guidelines and raise the adjusted GAI to 0.9. Up to 75% of de jure non-adherence can thus be explained by clinical constraints. CONCLUSION: Quantitative data analysis of treatment regimens in @entity1 with @entity712 is an inaccurate method for measuring guideline adherence. Combining quantitative prescribing data with semistructured interviews shows a 90% match concerning guideline adherence compared to an only 60% match based on quantitative data alone. Thus, neither quality nor economical assessments of the treatment strategy in @entity1 with @entity102 should be solely based on quantitative analysis. Understanding non-adherence is crucial for defining and improving quality of care.

title: Understanding non-adherence in XXXX : a mixed-method case study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: Unresectable malignant hilar @entity253 (MHBO) occurs in @entity66 , such as @entity201 , @entity1086 , @entity157 , @entity788 , and lymph node @entity3 of the hilum of the liver. The majority of @entity1 with advanced MHBO are not candidates for surgical resection because of the @entity5 location in the hepatic hilum and adjacent areas, advanced @entity5 stage, or comorbidities. Therefore, these @entity1 often have a poor prognosis in terms of survival and quality of life. Most of these @entity1 will require non-surgical, palliative biliary drainage. To date, various biliary drainage techniques for unresectable MHBO (UMHBO) have been reported. Of these techniques, endoscopic biliary drainage is currently considered to be the most safe and minimally invasive procedure. However, endoscopic biliary drainage for UMHBO is still not standardized regarding the optimal stent, drainage area, stenting method, and reintervention technique. Recently, towards standardization of this technique for UMHBO, clinical research and trials including randomized controlled trials have been performed. In this article, we reviewed the most important issues regarding endoscopic biliary drainage for UMHBO, focusing on prospective studies. We also described in detail the techniques and future perspectives of endoscopic biliary drainage in @entity1 with UMHBO.

title: Technical tips and troubleshooting of endoscopic biliary drainage for unresectable malignant hilar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary obstruction']


abstract: Background. The effect of low-dose @entity1487 (FU) and @entity900 therapy (FP regimen) against @entity0 was investigated. Methods. A pilot study of the FP regimen was performed in 11 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 who had previously received chemotherapy, including @entity632 , and/or hormonal therapy. Their median age was 56 years (range, 48-72 years). Visceral metastases were present in all @entity1 . FU, at a dose of 170 mg/m(2) per day, was administered for 28 days by continuous intravenous infusion. @entity900 (7 mg/m(2) per day) was given intravenously on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, and 22-26. After a 2-week interval, this treatment was repeated. Results. Of the 11 @entity1 assessable for @entity5 response to the FP regimen, 4 @entity1 (36%; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 8%-64%) achieved an objective response, with 1 showing a complete response and 3 showing a partial response. Median time to progression was 6.5 months (range, 4-25 months). The median survival time from the initiation of the FP regimen was 11 months (range, 3-25 months). @entity1503 was mild. Conclusion. The FP regimen is promising for and has acceptable tolerance in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 refractory to previous @entity4349 -containing chemotherapy.

title: Pilot study of continuous low-dose @entity1487 and XXXX (FP regimen) for the treatment of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'metastatic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Clinical investigations with the @entity3650 reductase inhibitor (ARI) @entity3651 in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity16 are described. @entity299 was studied in 36 @entity1 , in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, noncrossover trial. @entity1 received @entity3651 (250 mg qd) or placebo over 6 weeks after a one-week baseline period. @entity6 control did not change over the study period, as indicated by unchanged glycohemoglobin. Response was assessed by expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratios on EKG during 6 c/min respiration and resting minimum heart rate, both measures of vagal function. In the @entity3651 group, E/I ratios improved from 1.074 +/- 0.012 to 1.096 +/- 0.020 (P less than 0.03) with a slight decrease in the placebo group from 1.112 +/- 0.023 to 1.105 +/- 0.023 (P = NS). The difference between the week 6 and week 0 changes in each group was significant (P less than 0.01). Resting minimum heart rate decreased in the @entity3651 group from 76.4 +/- 2.3 to 66.8 +/- 2.4 beats/min (P less than 0.001), with a mean change of 10 +/- 2. In the placebo group, heart rate was unchanged (77.9 +/- 3.9 to 77.5 +/- 3.3). The two sample t tests of the within-group differences were likewise significant (P less than 0.001). These changes in both E/I ratio and resting minimum heart rate are consistent with a @entity3651 -related improvement in cardiac parasympathetic nerve function. Several isolated cases with apparent @entity3651 -related improvement in autonomic symptoms will also be described. Studies of somatic @entity16 have previously shown improvement in nerve conduction velocities with @entity3651 . In a study of 11 @entity1 with severely @entity3949 treated with @entity3651 for 3 weeks [placebo-controlled in single-blind fashion (n = 8)], @entity158 (as assessed on a 0 to 20 rating scale) improved from a mean score of 16 down to 8, with deterioration following drug withdrawal. Objective improvements in sensation and strength were observed in some cases. In this group of @entity1 , statistically significant improvements in nerve conduction velocity, E/I ratios, and resting minimal heart rate, similar to those previously discussed, were also documented. Somatosensory-evoked potentials studies in the 36- @entity1 study showed significant improvements in peripheral conduction and cortical responses. @entity3651 toxicity in 106 @entity1 was 11.3%, with sex incidence of 7/73 males (9.6%) and 5/33 females (15.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Clinical studies with an XXXX reductase inhibitor in the autonomic and somatic @entity16 of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3651 :: ('MESH:C026411', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorbinil', 'sorbinil']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac autonomic neuropathy']

answer: @entity3650 :: (CHEBI:15693,Chemical) :: ['aldose']


abstract: 1. In six @entity1 subjects standing without support, the reflex response of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) was elicited by painful electrical stimulation (500 Hz, 20 ms) of the anterior sole of the foot and analysed by post-stimulus averages of rectified electromyography. The threshold intensity for the reflex response was very close to the subjective @entity158 sensation (mean value, 1.05 times). Estimation of the afferent conduction velocity gave a mean value of 26.5 m s-1, suggesting that a contribution from A delta fibres was necessary to evoke the reflex response. The TA reflex response was then used as the @entity158 test reflex. 2. Changes in the TA excitatory @entity158 reflex response (elicited at 1.2 times the @entity158 threshold) were investigated while the subjects maintained different postures in upright stance. Standing on the ipsilateral leg produced a significant decrease in the reflex response with respect to its value in symmetrical stance (standing on both legs), whereas a significant facilitation was observed when the subject was standing on the contralateral leg. A parallel @entity308 of the response in both limbs was present when the subject maintained an upright stance with the lower limbs abducted. Thus, it was apparent that the TA @entity158 responses decreased as the supporting function of the leg increased. 3. A significant inverse correlation between the load to which the limb was subjected and the size of the reflex response was observed in all subjects. We propose that the load to which the limb is subjected, measured from peripheral mechanoreceptors, is used as a measure of the current supporting function of the limb, on the basis of which the reflex is regulated.

title: Flexibility of lower limb reflex responses to painful cutaneous stimulation in standing XXXX : evidence of load-dependent modulation.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: This placebo-controlled, double-blind trial compared the hemodynamic effects of @entity2778 and @entity5126 with the use of rest and exercise gated radionuclide angiography. @entity1 had frequent ventricular premature depolarizations (greater than or equal to 30 VPDs/hour) and @entity308 (mean ejection fraction 43 +/- 15%). Resting left ventricular ejection fraction and @entity64 volume index increased (p less than .002, p less than .001, respectively) during @entity2778 therapy, associated with a concomitant fall in heart rate (p less than .001). @entity5126 also increased mean left ventricular ejection fraction, but less so than did @entity2778 (p less than .05). @entity5126 significantly decreased left ventricular end-diastolic (p less than .05) and end-systolic (p less than .002) volumes, but had no effect on @entity64 volume index or heart rate. Neither drug affected cardiac index. @entity5126 resulted in no symptomatic deterioration in left ventricular function or serious @entity943 aggravation. In contrast, five @entity1 on @entity2778 developed either decompensated @entity712 (two @entity1 ), @entity943 aggravation (two @entity1 ), or @entity551 associated with @entity1168 (one @entity1 ). These @entity1 had a unique hemodynamic profile that can be used to identify @entity1 likely to have a poor outcome on @entity2778 . This profile reflected a lack of cardiac reserve, characterized by an inability to @entity5691 with supine bicycle exercise.

title: The hemodynamic effects of @entity2778 and XXXX : analysis by use of rest and exercise gated radionuclide angiography.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increase stroke volume and cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinidine', 'quinidine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradyarrhythmia']

answer: @entity5126 :: (MESH:D011802,Chemical) :: ['quinidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether manual therapy or exercise therapy or both is beneficial for @entity1 with @entity570 in terms of reduced @entity158 , improved physical function and improved quality of life. METHODS: Databases such as Medline, AMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTSDiscus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and SCOPUS were searched from their inception till September 2015. Two authors independently extracted and assessed the risk of bias in included studies. Standardised mean differences for outcome measures ( @entity158 , physical function and quality of life) were used to calculate effect sizes. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for assessing the quality of the body of evidence for each outcome of interest. RESULTS: Seven trials (886 @entity1 ) that met the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. There was high quality evidence that exercise therapy was beneficial at post-treatment ( @entity158 .27,95%CI-0.5to-0.04;physical function-SMD-0.29,95%CI-0.47to-0.11) and follow-up ( @entity158 .24,95%CI- 0.41to-0.06; physical function-SMD-0.33,95%CI-0.5to-0.15). There was low quality evidence that manual therapy was beneficial at post-treatment ( @entity158 .71,95%CI-1.08to-0.33; physical function-SMD-0.71,95%CI-1.08to-0.33) and follow-up ( @entity158 .43,95%CI-0.8to-0.06; physical function-SMD-0.47,95%CI-0.84to-0.1). Low quality evidence indicated that combined treatment was beneficial at post-treatment ( @entity158 .43,95%CI-0.78to-0.08; physical function-SMD-0.38,95%CI-0.73to-0.04) but not at follow-up ( @entity158 -SMD0.25,95%CI-0.35to0.84; physical function-SMD0.09,95%CI-0.5to0.68). There was no effect of any interventions on quality of life. CONCLUSION: An Exercise therapy intervention provides short-term as well as long-term benefits in terms of reduction in @entity158 , and improvement in physical function among @entity1 with @entity570 . The observed magnitude of the treatment effect would be considered small to moderate.

title: The effects of manual therapy or exercise therapy or both in @entity1 with XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['hip osteoarthritis']


abstract: Surface-active material (SF) was isolated from @entity1 lung lavage fluid collected at autopsy employing differential and @entity969 density gradient centrifugation. The isolated material showed well-defined electron microscopic structure, consisting of clearly preserved, closely packed vesicles with limiting membranes and inclusion bodies. It showed a very high degree of alkaline phosphatase specific activity and was devoid of other subcellular contaminants. The isolated material also showed a high phospholipid/protein ratio and increasing surface activity when monitored at different stages of purification. It contained 68.5% @entity2434 , 11.5% @entity3634 and relatively smaller amounts of @entity3633 and other individual phospholipid (PL) classes. In addition, @entity165 , unesterified @entity1718 , @entity1674 and other neutral lipids were found. @entity1718 , particularly @entity7609 (16:0), predominated in the major PL fractions. However, various @entity1718 of which @entity3952 (18:1) constituted a large proportion also are present. Chemical analysis of the material showed that besides lipids and proteins, nucleic acids, @entity3167 , @entity12015 , @entity12016 , @entity1568 and @entity3151 were present. The delipidated material showed the presence of three to four proteins as characterized by @entity3208 ( @entity214 )- @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, and gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-200 resolved two well-separated peaks. The first fraction contained serum-associated 68 kDa protein, while the second fraction had two apoproteins with molecular weights of 34 kDa and 10 kDa. These two proteins were associated with the SF and they, as well as the whole surface-active material, strongly reacted with the antibody directed against the whole SF in a double-diffusion immunoprecipitation assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Isolation and chemical composition of surface-active material from XXXX lung lavage.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity12016 :: ('MESH:D000606', 'Chemical') :: ['amino sugars']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['Saturated fatty acids', 'fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) counting allows @entity1 with Type 1 @entity6 to adjust mealtime insulin dose to @entity1735 intake. Little is known about the ability of @entity1 to count @entity435 and whether a particular method for assessing @entity435 quantity is better than others. We investigated how accurately @entity1 and their caregivers estimate @entity1735 , and whether counting in gram increments improves accuracy compared with @entity435 portions or exchanges. METHODS: One hundred and two @entity1 and adolescents (age range 8.3-18.1 years) on intensive insulin therapy and 110 caregivers independently estimated the @entity435 content of 17 standardized meals (containing 8-90 g @entity435 ), using whichever method of @entity1735 quantification they had been taught (gram increments, 10-g portions or 15-g exchanges). RESULTS: Seventy-three per cent (n = 2530) of all estimates were within 10-15 g of actual @entity435 content. There was no relationship between the mean percentage error and method of @entity1735 counting or glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) (P > 0.05). Mean gram error and meal size were negatively correlated (r = -0.70, P < 0.0001). The longer @entity1 had been @entity435 counting the greater the mean percentage error (r = 0.173, P = 0.014). Core foods in non-standard quantities were most frequently inaccurately estimated, while individually labelled foods were most often accurately estimated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with Type 1 @entity6 and their caregivers can estimate the @entity1735 content of meals with reasonable accuracy. Teaching @entity435 counting in gram increments did not improve accuracy compared with @entity435 portions or exchanges. Large meals tended to be underestimated and snacks overestimated. Repeated age-appropriate education appears necessary to maintain accuracy in @entity1735 estimations.

title: Can @entity1 with Type 1 @entity6 and their caregivers estimate the XXXX content of meals and snacks?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: @entity31 is a severe, relapsing and remitting disease of the @entity1 large intestine characterised by @entity32 . The main site of disease is the sigmoid/rectal region of the large bowel but the aetiology remains unknown. There is considerable evidence to indicate that the components of the resident colonic microflora can play an important role in initiation of the disease. The present study was aimed at characterising the faecal microflora of @entity31 @entity1 in remission and active phases to determine profile differences. Faecal samples were obtained from 12 @entity1 , 6 with active @entity1960 and 6 in remission. The samples were analysed for populations of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, clostridia, bacteroides, @entity597 -reducing bacteria (SRB) and total bacteria using culture independent fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). @entity14897 -specific denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was then performed to compare the species present. Numbers of lactobacilli were significantly lower (p<0.05) during the active phase of the disease but the other populations tested did not differ. DGGE analysis revealed that @entity14897 , @entity14897 manihotivorans and @entity6376 were present in remission, but not during active @entity32 . These results imply that a reduction in intestinal @entity14897 species may be important in the initiation of @entity31 .

title: Comparative composition of bacteria in the @entity1 intestinal microflora during remission and active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity6376 :: ('1254', 'Species') :: ['Pediococcus acidilactici']

entities_list: @entity14897 :: ('1624', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus salivarus', 'Lactobacillus']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Six hundred nine private @entity1 with @entity1252 were followed up for a mean of ten years. Ninety percent were female; 79% were white. Three hundred sixty-nine received diagnosis before 1970, and 234 after. Three hundred seventy-nine did not have @entity1310 ; 230 did. The overall ten-year survival was 79% (87% without @entity1310 , 65% with @entity1310 ). Male @entity1 did consistently worse than female @entity1 . No overall white vs nonwhite difference was noted. The presence of @entity1985 at the onset of @entity1310 was a poor prognostic sign, but its development later was not. @entity1 younger than 16 years without @entity1310 have an excellent prognosis. One hundred twenty-eight @entity1 died (82 with @entity1310 , 46 without @entity1310 ). The most common causes of @entity204 were @entity8 and @entity295 . Improved survival of this series may reflect closer follow-up, better nutritional status, and treatment at earlier stages of disease.

title: XXXX --survival patterns. Experience with 609 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1659 ( @entity1659 ) is a rare @entity74 characterized by recurrent acute attacks of swelling of the larynx, abdomen, and periphery. OBJECTIVE: To assess the economic burden associated with acute attacks and long-term management of @entity1659 . METHODS: Burden was assessed via a Web-based survey of @entity1659 @entity1 (> or = 18 years old) that solicited information on attack characterization, short-term treatment, long-term disease management, impact on work, and @entity1 costs. A standardized instrument, the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire, was included to assess impact on work productivity. Standard medical costs and US average wage costs were assigned to survey items to assess direct medical and indirect costs, respectively. RESULTS: Total annual per- @entity1 costs are estimated at  42,000 for the average @entity1659 @entity1 , with costs totaling  14,000 for @entity1 with mild attacks,  27,000 for @entity1 with moderate attacks, and  96,000 for @entity1 with severe attacks. Hospital costs account for 67% of direct medical costs. Respondents reported high rates of missed work, lost productivity, and lost income, contributing to indirect costs totaling  16,000 annually for the average @entity1 . Almost all costs increase with disease severity, although the distribution varies with severity: indirect costs account for 75% of costs for @entity1 with mild attacks, whereas emergency department and hospital costs account for 68% of costs for @entity1 with severe attacks. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1659 results in considerable economic burden to @entity1 , payers, and society in terms of direct medical and indirect costs and compounds the substantial humanistic burdens, which will be reported separately.

title: Economic costs associated with acute attacks and long-term management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['HAE', 'Hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disorder']

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['hereditary angioedema']


abstract: Cytotoxic properties of @entity286 smoke are associated with chronic @entity286 -related diseases. The @entity137 of @entity286 smoke can be tested with short-term predictive assays. In this study, we compare eight mainstream cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) from commercial and experimental cigarettes in three different @entity137 assays with unique and overlapping endpoints. The CSCs demonstrated @entity137 in all assays. In the multiple @entity137 endpoint (MCE) assay with TK-6 cells, the cigarette varieties that had the highest EC50s for reduced cell growth also showed a positive dose-response relationship for @entity39 cells. In the IdMOC multiple cell-type co-culture (MCTCC) system, all CSCs reduced the viability of the cells. Low concentrations of some CSCs had a stimulatory effect in lung microvascular endothelial cells and small airway epithelial cells. In the neutral dye assay (NDA), except for a 100% flue-cured @entity286 CSC, there was little consistency between CSCs producing morphological evidence of moderate or greater @entity137 and the CSCs with the lowest EC50s in the MCE or MCTCC assays. Overall, cigarettes made with flue-cured @entity286 were the most cytotoxic across the assays. When results were expressed on a per-mg of @entity1239 basis, lower tar cigarettes were the most cytotoxic in primary @entity1 respiratory cells.

title: XXXX of eight cigarette smoke condensates in three test systems: comparisons between assays and condensates.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of radio frequency ablation of small peripheral @entity1358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five @entity1 with a histologically proven @entity1358 30 to 40 mm. in diameter were treated with radio frequency ablation. A triple needle electrode was percutaneously advanced into @entity5 under sonographic (4 cases) or computerized tomography (CT) (1) guidance. The radio frequency generator was activated for 15 minutes in each location where the electrode had been placed. @entity1 were then followed with CT and blood tests every 2 months for 6 months and every 3 months thereafter. RESULTS: @entity5 required 1 radio frequency delivery and 1 required 2 applications during the same session. No complications were encountered except for a subcapsular @entity1410 in 1 @entity1 , which resolved spontaneously. Two @entity1 experienced transient @entity811 . Of the @entity1 4 were discharged from the hospital after 2 days and 1 after 1 day. After 6 to 18 months (median 9) all @entity1 were @entity5 -free on CT without suppress additional treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In this small preliminary study radio frequency ablation of small peripheral @entity1358 appears to be a feasible, safe and promising technique.

title: Radio frequency ablation of XXXX : preliminary clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Four tumors', 'each tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Enhanced serotonergic transmission may underlie therapeutic effects of @entity750 reuptake inhibitors in @entity3119 . However, such treatment may decrease @entity750 receptor responsivity. We investigated whether the @entity750 antagonist @entity6521 would exacerbate or further improve systems in @entity905 -responsive @entity1 . Pilot results suggested open @entity6521 produced delayed symptom worsening in @entity905 -treated @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 continuing @entity905 received @entity6521 and placebo (double-blind, randomized). Symptom ratings continued for 1 week afterwards. Ten unmedicated @entity1 underwent the same procedures. Symptoms improved 4 h after both @entity6521 and placebo. The day after @entity6521 but not placebo, @entity905 -treated @entity1 had significantly increased @entity148 , @entity3119 and @entity3119 , abating over several days. @entity308 was unchanged. @entity6521 had no similar delayed effects in unmedicated @entity1 . @entity6521 levels were higher in @entity905 -treated @entity1 . These results, consistent with less conclusive earlier findings, suggest that prolonged changes in brain @entity750 function underlie symptom re-emergence following administration of @entity6521 to @entity905 -treated @entity1 with @entity3119 .

title: Delayed @entity3119 symptom exacerbation after a single dose of a @entity750 antagonist in @entity905 -treated but not untreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'compulsions', 'obsessions']

entities_list: @entity6521 :: ('MESH:D008711', 'Chemical') :: ['metergoline', 'Metergoline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: A case of an unusual @entity2460 with features of high vascularity and resultant difficulty at resection is presented. The use of surgery, radiotherapy, and @entity23392 has been successful with no recurrence after 18 months. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 33-year-old male @entity1 presented with a 1-year history of @entity1018 on the left side and a 3-month history of @entity10 and lethargy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a lobulated mass (7.6 x 4.5 cm) in the left temporal fossa and left parasellar, sellar, and suprasellar regions, with a "dural tail" more typical of @entity1653 . Vascular supply was from both the internal carotid arteries and the @entity2500 , precluding embolization. INTERVENTION: At the time of the craniotomy, a highly vascular @entity5 was found. @entity548 limited resection to 20% of the @entity5 . The histological diagnosis was of a solitary @entity5 with an unusually angiomatoid architecture. After the operation, radiotherapy and @entity23392 were administered. A dramatic reduction in the size of the @entity5 was seen with no recurrence to date. CONCLUSION: The use of surgery, radiotherapy, and @entity23392 in treatment of a vascular @entity2460 has been successful and warrants further research.

title: A highly vascular @entity2460 treated with radiotherapy and XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['left middle meningeal artery']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial solitary fibrous tumor']

answer: @entity23392 :: (MESH:D017312,Chemical) :: ['toremifene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar hernia is relatively rare; it is due to a defect of the posterior abdominal wall. AIM: To report three new cases of @entity547 and insist of the modalities of treatment. CASES REPORT: There are 2 @entity1 and one @entity1 . Mean age was 78 years. The mean symptom was lumbar mass. All @entity1 had open surgery (by lumbar incision). The post operative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: @entity547 are rare. Earlier diagnosis of non complicated hernia should be of primary importance to avoid some serious complication. The only curative treatment is surgery and must be done as soon as the diagnosis was made.

title: XXXX : analysis of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Primary lumbar hernias', 'lumbar hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Primary lumbar hernia']


abstract: The effects of @entity460 channel antagonists and agents that alter intracellular @entity141 mobilization on corneal endothelial function have been examined. All experiments, except where specifically designated, were performed in the continuous presence of extracellular @entity141 . @entity1855 (at 50 microM) increased the swelling rate of corneas bathed in normal Ringer solution whereas @entity594 and @entity3988 (both up to 100 microM) were without effect. The @entity594 analog @entity10129 caused @entity4 at 10 microM and 50 microM but @entity3931 was without effect. When briefly exposed to a @entity141 -free solution @entity4 was enhanced after subsequent exposure to 50 microM @entity1855 in normal Ringer but not after 50 microM diltiazem in normal Ringer, indicating that @entity141 entry from the bathing solution into the cell was important and was apparently impeded by @entity1855 . @entity3409 (0.6 and 1 mM) but not @entity3406 (up to 250 microM) caused swelling of corneas bathed in normal Ringer. A @entity141 channel agonist, @entity9898 , alone did not influence corneal thickness but when presented to the endothelium with 50 microM @entity1855 the swelling rate was much reduced compared to @entity1855 alone. The agonist, therefore, presumably maintained some @entity141 channels open in face of the @entity141 channel blocker. An agent that inhibited the release of intracellular @entity141 stores (TMB-8) caused an initial @entity4 over the first 1.5 hr of perfusion but thereafter had no effect on corneal thickness. In the presence of continued extracellular @entity141 one explanation for the results is that modulation of intracellular @entity141 by agents that alter plasma membrane transfer of @entity141 influences apical junction permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX channel blockers on rabbit corneal endothelial function.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['corneal swelling']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated that honey has antibacterial activity in vitro, and a small number of clinical case studies have shown that application of honey to severely infected cutaneous wounds is capable of clearing @entity281 from the wound and improving tissue healing. Research has also indicated that honey may possess anti-inflammatory activity and stimulate immune responses within a wound. The overall effect is to reduce @entity281 and to enhance wound healing in burns, @entity1066 , and other cutaneous wounds. The objective of the study was to find out the results of topical wound dressings in @entity6 with natural honey. METHODS: The study was conducted at department of Orthopaedics, Unit-1, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from July 2006 to June 2007. Study design was experimental. The inclusion criteria were @entity1 of either gender with any age group having @entity1723 , II, III and II. The exclusion criteria were @entity1 not willing for studies and who needed urgent amputation due to deteriorating illness. Initially all wounds were washed thoroughly and necrotic tissues removed and dressings with honey were applied and continued up to healing of wounds. RESULTS: Total number of @entity1 was 12 (14 feet). There were 8 males (66.67%) and 4 females (33.33%), 2 cases (16.67%) were presented with bilateral @entity6 . The age range was 35 to 65 years (46 +/- 9.07 years). Amputations of big toe in 3 @entity1 (25%), second and third toe ray in 2 @entity1 (16.67%) and of fourth and fifth toes at the level of metatarsophalengeal joints were done in 3 @entity1 (25%). One @entity1 (8.33%) had below knee amputation. CONCLUSION: In our study we observed excellent results in treating @entity6 with dressings soaked with natural honey. The disability of @entity6 @entity1 was minimized by decreasing the rate of leg or foot amputations and thus enhancing the quality and productivity of individual life.

title: Management of XXXX by natural honey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic wounds', 'diabetic feet', 'diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot Wagner type I']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot']