abstract: @entity35 were given @entity50233 (5 mg/kg) or @entity413 , intraperitoneally twice daily for 5 days. During this period the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured daily. The heart was then isolated and perfused. Energy metabolism and intracellular pH were monitored by @entity9715 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy during 30 minutes of @entity63 followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion, with a simultaneous isovolumetric measurement of left ventricular contraction. Myocardial @entity1063 and glycogen were assayed immediately after excision of the heart, after 15 minutes oxygenated perfusion, at the end of @entity63 and at the end of reperfusion. Metabolic and functional recovery during reperfusion were significantly better in hearts pretreated with @entity50233 (p less than 0.0005 vs controls). However, protection was not preceded by an effect on mean arterial pressure or heart rate in vivo, or a negative inotropic effect during control perfusion of the isolated hearts. There was no energy sparing effect during @entity63 ; but intracellular pH during @entity63 stabilized at a higher level (p less than 0.0005 vs controls). Myocardial @entity1063 and glycogen stores were not decreased by pretreatment with @entity50233 , and their release or degradation due to @entity63 and reperfusion were also not different from controls. Commonly known mechanisms of myocardial protection by @entity460 antagonists fail to explain the protection by pretreatment with @entity50233 as observed in our experiments, and alternative mechanisms are to be considered.

title: Possible mechanisms of the protective effect of pretreatment with XXXX in ischemic-reperfused isolated @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity50233 :: (MESH:C045313,Chemical) :: ['anipamil']


abstract: In a prospective, randomized, controlled study, the effectiveness and safety of intravenous @entity2177 was compared with those of @entity5505 in the treatment of tissue @entity281 . A total of 52 @entity1 received intravenous @entity2177 200 mg twice daily (26 @entity1 ) or @entity5505 1 to 2 g every eight to 12 hours (26 @entity1 ). This was followed, respectively, by oral @entity2177 or another suitable drug when improvement was seen. Informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Cultures and laboratory determinations were performed initially and repeated periodically as indicated. Both groups were comparable in age, sex, number of infected sites, and instance of @entity580 (27 total). Severe @entity281 occurred in six @entity2177 and 12 @entity5505 @entity1 (p = 0.056). There were 13 @entity1 in the @entity2177 group and six in the @entity5505 group with accompanying diseases (p = 0.032). @entity1 were treated with @entity2177 or @entity5505 for @entity281 of the urinary tract (eight and two @entity1 , respectively), skin or soft tissues (15 and 17 @entity1 ), pelvis (one and zero @entity1 ), lower respiratory tract (one and one @entity1 ), intra-abdominal (zero and three @entity1 ), and @entity2259 (three and five @entity1 ). Two @entity1 in each group had two sites of @entity281 . Causative organisms were as follows: 15 gram-positive cocci (90 percent minimal inhibitory concentration: @entity2177 , 0.5; @entity5505 , 16.0 micrograms/ml) and 55 gram-negative rods (44 Enterobacteriaceae, nine @entity796 ; 90 percent minimal inhibitory concentration: @entity2177 , 0.25; @entity5505 , 8.0 micrograms/ml). Resistance emerged in one @entity1 treated with @entity2177 (Acinetobacter sp.) and 12 treated with @entity5505 (four Enterococcus, two @entity794 , six other). Intravenous treatment was longer with @entity5505 (11.5 days versus 5.6 days for the @entity2177 group, p less than 0.0005), but the total duration of therapy was similar (12.9 versus 14.1 days, p value not significant). Resolution or improvement occurred in 23 @entity2177 and 26 @entity5505 sites of @entity281 (p value not significant). @entity204 occurred in two @entity5505 -treated @entity1 (due to @entity2348 ) and one @entity2177 -treated @entity1 (at the induction of anesthesia). Adverse experiences were more common in the @entity5505 group as compared with the @entity2177 group (22 versus 15 @entity1 , p = 0.026). @entity2177 eradicated 25 of 31 causative organisms, whereas @entity5505 eradicated 30 of 41 (p value not significant). Intravenous @entity2177 was at least as effective as @entity5505 . @entity1 treated with @entity2177 may need added coverage for anaerobes, but the drug's excellent activity against nosocomial pathogens and its availability in oral form allow for an early change to oral therapy without compromising effectiveness coupled with added savings and convenience.

title: Intravenous @entity2177 or XXXX in selected @entity281 . A prospective, randomized, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity5505 :: (MESH:D002442,Chemical) :: ['ceftazidime']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The interrelations between @entity64 work and coronary flow velocity have not been fully defined during aortic valve replacement or with different cardioplegias. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 (15 @entity1 age 63+/-13 years) who had elective isolated aortic valve replacement were studied by transesophageal Doppler echocardiography with simultaneous high fidelity left ventricular pressure. Fifteen @entity1 received cold @entity1503 and 11 had warm @entity1503 . @entity64 work and flow velocities in proximal left anterior descending coronary artery were quantified simultaneously before cardiopulmonary bypass and at 1, 6, 12, and 20 hours afterwards. RESULTS: @entity64 work decreased postoperatively in both groups (160+/-19 versus 228+/-19 mJ/cm3 per minute, with cold @entity1503 ; 135+/-22 versus 227+/-22 mJ/cm3 per minute with warm @entity1503 ; both p<0.001 versus time, but p>0.05 versus cardioplegia, by two-way analysis of variance). Left anterior descending artery flow velocity-time integral per minute increased significantly in both groups (26.1+/-2.1 versus 15.0+/-2.1 m/min with cold @entity1503 ; 32.8+/-2.5 versus 14.4+/-2.5 m/min with warm @entity1503 ; both p<0.001 versus time, but p>0.05 versus cardioplegia). Thus, at 1 hour postoperatively the mJ x cm(-3) x m(-1) x min ratio of @entity64 work to left anterior descending artery flow velocity-time integral decreased significantly in both groups (4.3+/-1.6 versus 16.3+/-1.7 mJ x cm(-3) x m(-1) x min with warm @entity1503 , and 7.4+/-1.4 versus 17.9+/-1.4 J x cm(-3) x m(-1) x min with cold @entity1503 ; both p<0.001 versus time). Warm @entity1503 was also associated with a lower mean ratio perioperatively than that with cold @entity1503 (7.8+/-0.9 versus 10.9+/-0.7 mJ x cm(-3) x m(-1) x min, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary @entity450 occurs for at least 20 hours postoperatively when @entity296 work has decreased. The ratio of @entity64 work to coronary flow velocity appears to be more sensitive than either alone in differentiating the effect of warm versus cold @entity1503 .

title: The relationship of XXXX work to coronary flow velocity immediately after aortic valve replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stoke']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial stroke', 'myocardial stroke']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['myocardial stroke']


abstract: Recent studies have postulated the contribution of @entity842 (NO) released by the endothelium to the beneficial effects of @entity172 . Despite a @entity2821 ( @entity2821 ) described in neutrophils, less is known about the effect of @entity172 in these cells. The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression of @entity2821 protein in @entity1 neutrophils under different estrogenic conditions. We first analyzed @entity2821 expression in neutrophils obtained from premenopausal @entity1 . During the first 2 days of the follicular phase (low circulating @entity172 concentrations), @entity2821 expression in neutrophils was reduced with respect to that found in neutrophils obtained from the same donors during the ovulatory phase (high circulating @entity172 concentrations). Moreover, the expression of @entity2821 protein in neutrophils obtained from postmenopausal @entity1 after transdermal @entity172 therapy was markedly enhanced with respect to that observed before the treatment. In vitro incubation of neutrophils derived from @entity1 for 6 hours with @entity53 (10(-10) to 10(-8) mol/L) upregulated the expression of @entity2821 protein. The @entity53 receptor antagonists, @entity440 (10(-8) mol/L) and @entity1299 (10(-8) mol/L), inhibited the upregulation of @entity2821 protein induced by @entity53 . The putative functional implication was denoted by a reduced expression of the @entity1454 antigen on the surface of @entity53 -incubated neutrophils, which was accompanied by a decreased adhesive capacity. Both effects were prevented by an NO antagonist. In conclusion, the in vivo levels of circulating @entity172 concentrations seem to be associated with the level of @entity2821 protein expression in neutrophils from @entity1 . Moreover, low doses of @entity53 upregulate @entity2821 protein expression in neutrophils from @entity1 . The increased ability of @entity53 -incubated neutrophils derived from @entity1 to produce NO reduced their adhesive properties.

title: @entity172 stimulates neuronal XXXX synthase protein expression in @entity1 neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2821 :: ('4842', 'Gene') :: ['nNOS', 'neuronal-type NO synthase']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of the @entity5144 Activity Score (PASDAS), the @entity458 ( @entity458 ), the Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI), and the Disease Activity Index for @entity5144 (DAPSA) in the GO-REVEAL data set. The Disease Activity Score using 28 joints (DAS28) was used as a comparator. METHODS: The GO-REVEAL study did not allow full computation of all the composite scores (a modified version of CPDAI was used). The performance of the scores at baseline and followup (weeks 14 and 24) was compared using effect sizes. RESULTS: All indices could distinguish response to treatment at 14 and 24 weeks. Effect sizes at 24 weeks for the 50 mg (100 mg) golimumab doses were 2.18 (2.36), 2.08 (2.36), 1.09 (1.41), 1.80 (1.78), and 1.13 (1.18) for PASDAS, @entity458 , modified CPDAI, DAS28, and DAPSA, respectively. Comparison of 24-week values across the 3 treatment groups (placebo, golimumab 50 mg, and golimumab 100 mg) by an analysis of covariance using the baseline values as covariates gave the following F statistics: PASDAS 18.3, @entity458 19.6, modified CPDAI 9.4, DAS28 13.6, and DAPSA 7.9; all of these are highly significant. When the analysis was confined to the 2 golimumab treatment groups, there were no significant between-treatment group differences with any of the composite measures. CONCLUSION: PASDAS and @entity458 were better able to distinguish treatment effect, having larger effect sizes at 24 weeks. PASDAS, @entity458 , and modified CPDAI better reflected domains such as skin, @entity4932 , and dactylitis.

title: Comparison of composite measures of disease activity in XXXX using data from an interventional study with golimumab.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Arithmetic Mean of the Desirability Function', 'AMDF']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['Psoriatic Arthritis Disease', 'Psoriatic Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) is frequently used for spinal imaging in injured @entity1 , many @entity130 centers continue to rely on plain film radiography (PFR). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a @entity130 center's transition from PFR to @entity4653 for initial spine evaluation in @entity130 @entity1 by comparing diagnostic sensitivity, time required for radiographic imaging, costs, charges, and radiation exposure. METHODS: Registry-based review of all @entity130 @entity1 evaluated for spinal @entity130 during two three-month intervals, one before (1999, "X-ray Group"), and one after (2002, "CT Group") adopting @entity4653 as the initial spinal imaging method. Demographic data, mechanism of @entity130 Severity Score (ISS), the presence and location of spine @entity174 , and the results of all spine imaging were recorded. The dates and diagnostic sensitivity for spine @entity174 , time for initial imaging, costs, and charges were compared between groups. Radiation exposure associated with both @entity4653 and PFR of the spine was measured. RESULTS: There were 254 @entity1 in the X-ray Group and 319 in the CT Group, with similar demographic data, ISS, mechanism of injury, and incidence of spine @entity174 . Sensitivity in the detection of spine @entity174 was 70% (14 out of 20) in the X-ray Group compared with 100% (34 out of 34) for the CT Group (p < 0.001). Mean time in the radiology department during initial evaluation decreased significantly in the CT Group compared with the X-ray Group (1.0 hours vs. 1.9 hours; p < 0.001). @entity4653 of the spine was associated with higher mean overall spinal imaging charges than PFR (4,386 dollars vs. 513 dollars, p < 0.001), but a similar mean overall spinal imaging cost per @entity1 (172 dollars vs. 164 dollars). Radiation exposure was higher with @entity4653 versus PFR for cervical spine imaging (26 @entity2073 vs. 4 @entity2073 ) but @entity4653 involved lower levels of exposure than PFR for thoracolumbar imaging (13 @entity2073 vs. 26 @entity2073 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4653 is a more rapid and sensitive modality for evaluating the spine compared with PFR and is obtained at a similar cost. The advantages of @entity4653 suggest that this readily available diagnostic modality may replace PFR as the standard of care for the initial evaluation of the spine in @entity130 @entity1 .

title: Spiral computed tomography for the initial evaluation of spine XXXX : A new standard of care?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury, Injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['spiral computed tomographic scanning', 'SCT']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: An autopsy case of cemented @entity45480 @entity3673 , the first lethal case in our country, is presented. A 28-year-old @entity1 , who had been engaged in grinding presintered metallic matrix for four years, developed @entity1576 . X-ray examinations were indicative of @entity3794 . Corticosteroid therapy revealed only little effect. She expired five years after the onset of the symptoms. Postmortem examination showed nonspecific @entity401 resulting in marked @entity82 . Ultrastructurally, crystals were observed in cytoplasm of presumable macrophages in the fibrotic lung tissue. Electron probe microanalysis of the lung tissue showed the presence of @entity5335 and other constituents of @entity45480 except for @entity1953 . Metal analysis demonstrated a large amount of @entity5335 in the lung. @entity1953 was detected tenfold of the normal value in the bone. In pathogenesis of the @entity3673 in the cemented @entity45480 workers, @entity137 of @entity1953 is most suspectable, and in addition, individual susceptibility may be also important.

title: Cemented @entity45480 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity45480 :: ('MESH:C002802', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten carbide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1953 :: ('MESH:D003035', 'Chemical') :: ['Cobalt', 'cobalt']

answer: @entity3673 :: (MESH:D011009,Disease) :: ['pneumoconiosis']


abstract: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is an infrequent cause of @entity120 that develops in 0.1-0.2% of @entity1 who survive after an acute venous @entity1031 event. According to the largest series so far reported, 15-30% of @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity120 have an underlying congenital or acquired @entity49 state. To determine the prevalence of thrombophilic factors in our population, we analyzed 24 @entity1 admitted to our institution between November 1992 and March 2000 fulfilling criteria for @entity120 . Eighteen @entity1 disclosed abnormal results in the screening for @entity49 . The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies ( @entity4555 and/or anticardiolipin antibodies) was the abnormality most frequently found (12 out of 24 @entity1 ). We found hyperhomocysteinaemia in 7/14, true @entity4889 in 1/10, @entity7131 in 1/13, activated protein C resistance in 1/22, @entity10647 in 1/24, and @entity556 gene @entity14553 mutation in 1/18 @entity1 . @entity5337 was normal in all 18 @entity1 studied. Five @entity1 (20.8%) disclosed more than one @entity854 . In conclusion, contrary to the largest series of @entity1 with @entity120 so far reported, we found that 75% of @entity1 with @entity120 presented at least one thrombophilic risk factor, being antiphospholipid antibodies in 50% of the cases. We recommend a thorough screening for @entity49 in all @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity120 .

title: Thrombophilic factors in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['protein S deficiency']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'CTE-PH', 'Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable', 'thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity10647 :: ('MESH:D020152', 'Disease') :: ['antithrombin III deficiency']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined whether @entity458 might be a predictor of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). METHOD: The relation between @entity458 at baseline, measured by the general health questionnaire (GHQ), and chronic @entity3617 three years later, as measured by the Medical Research Council (MRC) @entity3617 questionnaire and forced expiratory flow in one second (FEV(1)), was examined in 1682 @entity1 and 2203 @entity1 from the Renfrew and Paisley (MIDSPAN) study. The analyses were run on @entity1 and @entity1 separately and adjustments were made for age, socioeconomic position, and lung function at baseline (FEV(1)). @entity1 with @entity102 at baseline were then excluded to give a "healthy" baseline cohort. The effect of @entity458 on individual components of the MRC @entity3617 questionnaire and FEV(1) was also assessed. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses of the whole cohort baseline @entity458 in @entity1 was associated with reduced FEV(1) at follow up (OR 1.31 95% CI 1.0 to 1.73) after adjustment. In @entity1 , in the healthy cohort, @entity458 was associated with chronic @entity3617 (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.46), symptoms of @entity281 (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.19), symptoms of breathlessness (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.99 to 4.59), and reduced FEV(1) (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.32). In @entity1 @entity458 predicted symptoms of @entity281 (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.42). CONCLUSION: This study supports research suggesting that @entity458 is associated with @entity1030 and shows that @entity458 predicts @entity1030 in @entity1 . The robustness of the association and the exact mechanism requires further investigation.

title: @entity458 and XXXX in the Renfrew and Paisley (MIDSPAN) study.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial infection']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 is the most common surgical emergency. @entity166 are uncommon but carry significant morbidity especially in @entity532 . This study aimed to determine predictive factors of @entity86 in adults with @entity532 . METHOD: Retrospective review of clinical records from CDARS of Hong Kong Hospital Authority was performed in all @entity1 aged 18 or above, operated with the diagnosis of @entity698 , @entity697 with generalized @entity298 or peritoneal abscess from January 2003 to December 2005 in a regional hospital. Primary end point was @entity86 , including wound @entity281 and @entity6177 ( @entity6177 ). Independent predictors were determined by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: One seventy-three @entity1 were operated with the diagnosis of @entity532 . @entity86 occurred in 40 @entity1 (23.1%). Thirty-two @entity1 had wound @entity281 and 10 @entity1 had @entity6177 . Two @entity1 had both @entity166 . There were 2 deaths. @entity6 was the only significant factor associated with @entity6177 in univariate analysis (odds ratio, 6.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-25.9). No independent factors can be identified in multivariate analysis. Successful laparoscopic appendicectomy was the only independent negative risk factor of wound @entity281 in logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic appendicectomy is the first choice of procedure in @entity532 . @entity1 with @entity6 need close monitoring of @entity86 .

title: Risk factors of @entity86 in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['gangrenous appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['PIAA', 'postoperative intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'Postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications', 'Infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['complicated appendicitis']


abstract: A 27-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity158 radiating through her back on neck flexion that had begun a month ago. She frequently ate raw beef liver. General physical examination revealed no abnormal findings, but she showed Lhermitte's sign neurologically. Fecal examination revealed no worm eggs. Blood cell counts showed mild @entity1712 (8.2%). The IgE level was mildly increased to 397 IU/ml (normal < 250). Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed 7 cells/microliter with 50% eosinophils. A test for anti-Ascaris suum IgG antibody was strongly positive in serum as well as in cerebrospinal fluid. Cervical MRI showed high-intensity areas in the spinal cord extending from the lower medulla to the C4 spine level on the T2-weighted images, and part of the lesion at the C3 spine level was enhanced by @entity2287 . Treatment with @entity3753 500 mg/day for six weeks ameliorated the Lhermitte's sign and MRI lesions, and reduced the anti-Ascaris suum antibody titers in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Larva migrans of @entity10130 involving the central nervous system is considered to be extremely rare, but such cases showing mild @entity16 without systemic symptoms may have been overlooked.

title: [A case of myelitis caused by visceral larva migrans due to XXXX presenting only with Lhermitte's sign].

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity10130 :: (6253,Species) :: ['Ascaris suum']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether chronic @entity726 therapy can control intraocular pressure (IOP) and protect nerve fibers in a @entity35 model of pressure-induced @entity1781 . METHODS: Sixteen adult Brown @entity35 were-administered unilateral episcleral vein injections of hypertonic saline to produce scarring of the aqueous humor outflow pathways. Twice daily applications of either artificial tears (n = 6), 0.5% @entity9004 (n = 5), or 0.5% @entity19526 (n = 5) were @entity735 , and awake pressures were monitored with a TonoPen XL tonometer for 17 days before the @entity35 were killed. RESULTS: For animals administered artificial tears, the mean IOP of the experimental eyes was 39 +/- 2 mm Hg compared with 29 +/- 1 mm Hg for the control eyes. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Mean IOPs in the experimental eyes of animals administered @entity9004 and @entity19526 were 29 +/- 7 and 29 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively, whereas the mean IOP in the control eyes was 28 +/- 1 mm Hg for both groups. There was no statistically significant difference among these values. The mean IOP for the experimental eyes in the @entity9004 and @entity19526 groups was lower than that in animals administered artificial tears (P = 0.003). Quantitative histologic analysis of @entity1781 in experimental eyes showed that four of the six animals administered artificial tears had damage involving 100% of the neural area. This degree of damage appeared in only 3 of 10 animals administered @entity726 therapy. Optic nerve protection was closely correlated with IOP history because damage was limited to less than 10% of the cross-sectional area in all animals in which the maximal IOP was less than or equal to 39 mm Hg, more than 2 SD below the mean value for eyes administered artificial tears. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity726 therapy in this model can prevent IOP elevation and protect optic nerve fibers.

title: @entity726 drops control intraocular pressure and protect optic nerves in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19526 :: ('MESH:C016986', 'Chemical') :: ['apraclonidine']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'topical glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['delivered to both eyes']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Norway rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity9004 :: ('MESH:D015784', 'Chemical') :: ['betaxolol']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: To investigate the hypothesis that a low intake of dietary fiber could increase the risk of developing @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), we ascertained prior dietary intake of 242 @entity1 with known @entity6 and 460 @entity1 without a prior diagnosis of @entity6 among 20- to 74-year-old residents of two counties in southern Colorado from 1984 to 1986. When @entity1 with @entity6 were compared to nondiabetic controls, a higher reported fiber intake prior to diagnosis was found among @entity1 with @entity6 . A decrease in fiber of 10 g/d was associated with a decrease in risk of @entity2175 of 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.59 to 0.96), rather than an increase as hypothesized. However, when the @entity6 group was limited to those with @entity6 for less than 5 years, this association was no longer present. Two further analyses were carried out on 1317 @entity1 without a prior diagnosis of @entity6 seen between 1984 and 1988. Among these @entity1 , current fiber intake was inversely associated with fasting plasma insulin concentration. However, fiber explained less than 1% of the variation in fasting insulin levels. When @entity1 with previously undiagnosed @entity2175 were compared to normal controls, the odds ratio relating a decrease in fiber consumption of 10 g/d to @entity2175 was 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 2.10) adjusting for calorie and @entity1735 intake. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index. The inconsistent findings reported here do not support the hypothesis that increasing dietary fiber intake could reduce the future occurrence of @entity2175 .

title: The role of dietary fiber in the etiology of XXXX . The San Luis Valley @entity6 Study.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: In @entity5 , defective @entity5962 leads to cell detachment, migration and metastization. Further, alterations mediated by @entity5962 dysfunction affect cell topology and tissue organization. Herein, we propose a novel quantitative approach, based on microscopy images, to analyse abnormal cellular distribution patterns. We generated undirected graphs composed by sets of triangles which accurately reproduce cell positioning and structural organization within each image. Network analysis was developed by exploring triangle geometric features, namely area, edges length and formed angles, as well as their variance, when compared with the respective equilateral triangles. We generated synthetic networks, mimicking the diversity of cell-cell interaction patterns, and evaluated the applicability of the selected metrics to study topological features. Cells expressing wild-type @entity5962 and @entity5 -related mutants were used to validate our strategy. Specifically, @entity46131 , @entity46132 and @entity46133 @entity5 -causing mutants present more disorganized spatial distribution when compared with wild-type cells. Moreover, @entity46133 exhibited higher length and angle distortions and abnormal cytoskeletal organization, suggesting the formation of very dynamic and plastic cellular interactions. Hence, topological analysis of cell network diagrams is an effective tool to quantify changes in cell-cell interactions and, importantly, it can be applied to a myriad of processes, namely tissue morphogenesis and @entity5 .

title: Quantification of topological features in cell meshes to explore XXXX dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to establish an optimal management strategy for @entity660 associated with @entity3161 ( @entity3161 ). METHODS: In 64 adult surgical cases of @entity3161 (common channel 15 mm or longer) (43 with and 21 without @entity2941 ), associated @entity660 , pancreatographic results, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 64 @entity1 , 56 had pancreatobiliary symptoms. Twenty-four @entity1 (38%) had @entity660 : @entity656 (n = 20), chronic calcifying @entity788 (n = 2), and @entity3123 (n = 2). Twenty @entity1 (31%) had abnormal pancreatograms. The incidence of @entity656 was significantly higher in @entity1 with an abnormal pancreatogram, particularly dilatation, protein plugs or stones of the common channel or main pancreatic duct, and coexisting @entity1124 . All @entity1 with @entity2941 underwent cyst excision and hepaticojejunostomy. Eleven @entity1 without @entity2941 or @entity189 underwent cholecystectomy alone. Protein plugs and pancreatic stones were extracted through the bile duct stump or by sphincterotomy. No @entity1 experienced @entity788 during a mean postoperative follow-up of 6.7 years. CONCLUSIONS: In managing @entity3161 , attention should be paid to the possibility of associated @entity660 and an abnormal pancreatogram. @entity3161 with @entity2941 requires cyst excision. Cholecystectomy alone may be adequate for @entity3161 without cyst.

title: XXXX associated with @entity3161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['APBJ', 'anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity5 cases occur in developing countries. Globally males predominate. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to review the clinical aspects of @entity189 in Sudanese @entity1 referred to endoscopy in Gezira, Central Sudan. @entity1 _ METHOD: Data were collected from @entity1 who underwent endoscopy during the period from 2005 to 2007 at The Gezira Centre for Gastroenterology Endoscopies and Laparoscopic Surgery. Demographic and clinical data including; sex, age, locality of residence, clinical presentation, @entity5 site and morphology were collected and analysed. RESULTS: Seven hundred and two @entity1 were consecutively referred to our centre for endoscopy. Seventy-three out of 702 @entity1 (9.6%) referred for endoscopy proved to have @entity5 . Fifty-five out of 73 @entity1 (75.3%) were females generating a male to female ratio of 1:3.3. The mean age of females was 52.75  11.66years and that of males was 66.11  9.52. Sixteen (21.9%) @entity1 came from the Managil; 14 (19.2%) from Hasaheesa and Rufaa; 14 (19.2%) from Blue Nile; 10 (13.7%) from Wadmedani (Central Sudan) and 19 (26%) from Elfaw and Kassala. In most cases (75.3%), the @entity5 were located in the middle third of the oesophagus. 79.5% of the @entity5 were squamous cell type. CONCLUSION: @entity1 referred for endoscopy to The Gezira Centre for Gastroenterology, Endoscopies and Laparoscopic Surgery in Gezira revealed a greater proportion of @entity1 than of @entity1 diagnosed with the disease (1:3.3). More studies are needed to investigate the epidemiology of this disease and to identify the reason for the apparent gender uneven manifestation.

title: Predominance of females with XXXX in Gezira, Central Sudan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: In the @entity1519 homologous recombination system, presynaptic filament assembly on single-stranded (ssDNA) DNA requires @entity50247 recombinase, @entity50248 mediator, and Gp32 ssDNA-binding proteins. Gp32 exerts both positive and negative effects on filament assembly: positive by denaturing ssDNA secondary structure, and negative by competing with @entity50247 for ssDNA binding sites. @entity50248 is believed to help @entity50247 displace Gp32 from the ssDNA. To test this model we developed a real-time fluorescence assay for Gp32-ssDNA interactions during presynapsis, based on changes in the fluorescence of a @entity50249 -Gp32 conjugate. Results demonstrate that the formation of @entity50247 presynaptic filaments progressively disrupts Gp32-ssDNA interactions. Under stringent salt conditions the disruption of Gp32-ssDNA by @entity50247 is both @entity855 - and @entity50248 -dependent. The displacement of Gp32 from ssDNA during presynapsis requires @entity855 binding, but not @entity855 hydrolysis, by @entity50247 protein. Likewise, @entity50248 -mediated presynapsis strongly requires @entity50248 -ssDNA interactions, and is optimal at a 1:1 stoichiometry of @entity50248 to @entity50247 and/or ssDNA binding sites. Presynaptic filaments formed in the presence of @entity50248 undergo assembly/collapse that is tightly coupled to the @entity855 hydrolytic cycle and to stringent competition for ssDNA binding sites between Gp32 and various @entity377 -liganded forms of @entity50247 . The data directly support the Gp32 displacement model of @entity50248 -mediated presynaptic filament assembly, and demonstrate that the transient induction of high affinity @entity50247 -ssDNA interactions by @entity855 are essential, although not sufficient, for Gp32 displacement. The underlying dynamics of protein-ssDNA interactions within presynaptic filaments suggests that rearrangements of @entity50247 , @entity50248 , and Gp32 proteins on ssDNA may be coupled to central processes in @entity1519 recombination metabolism.

title: Dynamics of XXXX presynaptic filament assembly from extrinsic fluorescence measurements of Gp32-single-stranded DNA interactions.

entities_list: @entity50249 :: ('MESH:C050046', 'Chemical') :: ['6-iodoacetamidofluorescein']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1519 :: (10665,Species) :: ['bacteriophage T4']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity570 ( @entity571 ) varies greatly across different geographic areas. Limited data exist about the prevalence of radiographic hip @entity571 in the Turkish population. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of radiographic hip @entity571 in @entity233 utilizing a random sample. That sample consisted of radiographs filed at the Department of Urology, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, and included @entity1 aged 25 years and older (range 25-97 years). Plain supine abdominal radiographs and intravenous pyelographies were evaluated using the Kellgren and Lawrence (K_L) grading system. Evaluations were made of 1,248 hips in 682 @entity1 (205 @entity1 and 477 @entity1 ). Overall, 8.8% of the hips evaluated had radiographic hip @entity571 (K_L grade 2 or higher). Both hips were visible in 566 @entity1 . Of those @entity1 11.7% had radiographic hip @entity571 in either one or both hips (9.4% of @entity1 and 12.6% of @entity1 ), and 51.5% of whom had bilateral findings. Prevalence increased with age and was 1.9%, 16.1%, and 21.5% for age ranges 25-39, 40-54, and 55 years and older, respectively. @entity1 aged 40 years and older had significantly more radiographic hip @entity571 than those younger than 40 years (P<0.001). @entity1 had a higher frequency than @entity1 after the age of 40 years, but this did not reach statistical significance. In most @entity1 radiographic findings indicated only mild disease. Three @entity1 had grade 3 disease and only one @entity1 (aged 68 years) had grade 4 disease. Among @entity1 aged 40 years or older. 1.1% had grade 3 or 4 disease. These findings suggest that K_L grade 2 @entity571 changes emphasizing osteophytes at @entity572 are not uncommon in the Turkish population, especially among those aged 40 years and older. However, frequency of moderate or severe radiographic hip @entity571 may be low.

title: Radiographic XXXX joint in @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joints']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis of the hip']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1082 ) was recently identified as a risk factor for @entity957 (SCC) independent of @entity286 and @entity285 use. The prognosis of @entity1 with HPV-related @entity189 is better than that for @entity1 with @entity5 . Researchers and clinicians can test for @entity1083 in @entity5 by (1) testing directly for HPV DNA and (2) testing for overexpression of the downstream @entity986 protein; there is currently no consensus regarding which is the better test. The chances of developing a reliable oropharyngeal HPV screening test for high-risk populations are promising. Such a test would allow for secondary prevention by identifying individuals with precursor or early-stage cancerous lesions that are more amenable to treatment. HPV testing has particular significance in SCC of an unknown primary site in @entity135 . Successful HPV testing of nodal metastasis can localize @entity5 specifically to the oropharynx. The optimal evaluation for SCC of an unknown primary in the head and neck has yet to be determined. Some studies have shown that the tonsillar fossa is the most probable primary site, followed closely by the base of the tongue. Biopsies often miss @entity189 in the deep crypts of the lymph tissue, as well as in those rare cases in which the @entity5 is located contralateral to the metastatic lymph node. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of reports of diagnosed synchronous bilateral @entity189 . This increase has profound implications for the surgical approach of SCC of an unknown primary site in the head and neck and in @entity189 , and it supports the need for bilateral tonsillectomy. We present 2 cases of incidentally discovered @entity189 , and we review the literature.

title: Synchronous bilateral XXXX related to @entity1082 : Two case reports and a brief review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-HPV-related cancers', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinomas', 'HPV-related tonsillar carcinomas', 'synchronous bilateral tonsillar carcinoma', 'tonsillar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with advanced @entity5 (induction failure, relapse, @entity2590 , secondary AML, or CR >1) received thiotepa 750 mg/m2 i.v., @entity1863 12 mg/kg or 640 mg/m2 p.o., and @entity786 120 mg/kg i.v. as a preparative regimen for allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Of the 15 allogeneic transplants, eight were from matched siblings, one was from a mismatched sibling, and six were from unrelated donors. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity205 or @entity1140 and @entity1499 . Regimen-related @entity137 was common but tolerable, affecting mainly the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Three @entity1 died early and were not evaluable for engraftment; engraftment occurred in the remaining @entity1 . Nine @entity1 with active disease at the time of transplant were evaluable for response; all achieved remission. With a median follow-up of 40 months (range, 10-71 months), nine @entity1 are alive and disease-free. The 3-year actuarial event-free survival was 51% (95% confidence interval (CI) 27-76%). Seven @entity1 died of transplant-related complications: @entity281 (n = 4), chronic @entity2132 (n = 1), @entity5501 , VOD, (n= 1) and @entity548 (n = 1). Only one @entity1 had @entity1778 relapse and died. We conclude that the use of high-dose thiotepa, @entity1863 and @entity786 is an effective conditioning regimen for childhood @entity5 and may be tested in @entity1 with @entity1442 (eg @entity3432 ).

title: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for childhood XXXX after high-dose thiotepa, @entity1863 and @entity786 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['less advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['myeloid malignancies']


abstract: In the limbic status model of chronic @entity1315 , hippocampal stimulation induces acute @entity159 in @entity35 ; recurrent, spontaneous @entity410 develop following an asymptomatic silent period lasting several weeks. Previous work has shown increased excitability and decreased inhibition in @entity1249 pyramidal neurons in chronically @entity302 animals. To determine the relationship of altered cellular responses to @entity410 onset, in vitro intracellular recording was used to follow the evolution of changes in synaptic physiology occurring during the @entity410 -free silent period. Pyramidal cells displayed @entity302 throughout the period investigated, 3-14 days following status; the mean number of evoked action potentials from 1.1+/-0.05 in control cells to 2.4+/-0.4 early (3 days after status) and 4. 3+/-0.7 late (14 days) in the silent period. Monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials mediated by @entity1246 -A receptors in silent period cells differed markedly from controls. Area, rise time, and duration of these potentials decreased by 40-60% within 3 days following status and to values commensurate with chronically @entity302 animals in 7 to 10 days. @entity1246 -B receptor-mediated IPSPs diminished more gradually in the silent period, reaching a minimum at day 14. In contrast, presynaptic @entity1246 -B receptor function showed maximum impairment 3 days after status. The @entity1245 type 1 receptor agonist @entity2492 reduced hyperexcitability in both silent period and chronically @entity302 cells, but was more effective at unmasking the underlying IPSP in silent period neurons. The results indicate that changes in different components of pyramidal cell inhibitory synaptic physiology associated with chronic @entity302 in this model evolve individually at different rates, but are all complete before @entity410 onset. Although the results do not imply causality, they do suggest that the development of physiological changes in @entity1249 pyramidal cells may contribute to the lag period preceding the onset of chronic @entity410 .

title: Ontogeny of altered synaptic function in a XXXX model of chronic @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'gamma-Aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'increasing epileptiform activity', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 is characterized by myocyte loss, reactive cellular @entity1184 , and ventricular scarring. However, the relative contribution of these tissue and cellular processes to late failure remains to be determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten hearts were obtained from individuals undergoing cardiac transplantation as a result of chronic @entity453 in its terminal stage. An identical number of control hearts were collected at autopsy from @entity1 who died from causes other than @entity65 , and morphometric methodologies were applied to the analysis of the left and right ventricular myocardium. @entity4346 evaluated as a change in organ weight, aggregate myocyte mass, and myocyte cell volume per nucleus showed increases of 85%, 47%, and 103%, respectively. Corresponding increases in the right ventricle were 75%, 74%, and 112%. Myocyte loss, which accounted for 28% and 30% in the left and right ventricles, was responsible for the difference in the assessment of myocyte @entity1184 at the ventricular, tissue, and cellular levels. Left ventricular muscle cell @entity1184 was accomplished through a 16% and 51% increase in myocyte diameter and length, whereas right ventricular myocyte @entity1184 was the consequence of a 13% and 67% increase in these linear dimensions, respectively. Moreover, a 36% reduction in the number of myocytes included in the thickness of the left ventricular wall was found. Collagen accumulation in the form of segmental, replacement, and interstitial @entity82 comprised an average 28% and 13% of the left and right ventricular myocardia, respectively. The combination of cell loss and @entity296 , myocyte lengthening, and mural slippage of cells resulted in 4.6-fold expansion of left ventricular cavitary volume and a 56% reduction in the ventricular mass-to-chamber volume ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the contention that both myocyte and collagen compartments participate in the development of decompensated @entity123 in the @entity7863 heart of @entity63 origin.

title: Structural basis of end-stage failure in XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis', 'Ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity7863 :: ('MESH:D044542', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathic']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The effects of increasing @entity4078 concentration (0, 0.75, 1.5 mg/kg) on broilers with or without @entity39 or @entity18524 were determined. In the 23-d study, 22 male Cobb 500 chicks per pen were allotted to 12 treatments (3 * 2 * 2 factorial arrangement) with 8 replications. Intestines of 5 birds per pen were examined for lesions on d 21. Birds were allowed to consume feed and water ad libitum. @entity11189 was included in the diets from d 0. All birds received a 10* dose of coccidiosis vaccine on d 10. Pens of birds where @entity39 was being induced were on @entity3168 pathogen (CPP) contaminated litter from d 0. @entity11189 decreased gain and feed intake and resulted in poorer feed:gain, increased mortality, and higher lesion scores. Inducing @entity39 increased lesion scores and decreased feed intake and gain. Adding @entity18524 to the diets improved gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and decreased mortality. There was a 3-way interaction ( @entity11189 * @entity18524 * @entity8547 ) on gain; increasing @entity11189 decreased gain and the effects of CPP and @entity18524 were dependent on @entity11189 concentration. In the absence of @entity11189 @entity18524 increased gain but was unable to prevent the growth suppression caused by CPP. At 0.75 mg/kg of @entity11189 @entity18524 no longer increased growth in non-CPP challenged birds but was able to increase growth in CPP-challenged birds. At the 1.5 mg/kg of @entity11189 concentration, @entity18524 increased gain in non-CPP-challenged birds but challenging birds with CPP had no effect on gain. @entity18524 improved overall feed conversion with the greatest improvement at 1.5 mg/kg ( @entity11189 * @entity18524 , P < 0.05). @entity11189 increased lesion scores in unchallenged birds but not in challenged birds ( @entity11189 * CPP, P < 0.001). @entity11189 and @entity39 decrease broiler performance and interact to decrease @entity1017 , @entity18524 helps improve gain in challenged birds at 0.75 mg/kg of @entity11189 , but not at 1.5 mg/kg of @entity11189 .

title: The effects of @entity39 , @entity4078 , and @entity18524 on growth performance, XXXX lesion scores, and mortality in young broilers.

entities_list: @entity18524 :: ('MESH:D014769', 'Chemical') :: ['virginiamycin', 'Virginiamycin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic enteritis']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin', 'Aflatoxin']

entities_list: @entity4078 :: ('MESH:D016604', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin B1']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotic enteritis']


abstract: A single-blind, multicentre, comparative clinical trial was performed in 59 @entity2023 sufferers to compare the efficacy of @entity40082 5 mg bd and @entity9691 60 mg bd over a period of 14 days. Clinical assessments of nasal and ocular symptoms were made on admission to the trial and after seven and 14 days treatment by both physicians and @entity1 . Critical flicker fusion threshold was measured at each assessment. A global assessment of efficacy was determined by both the doctor and @entity1 at the end of treatment. @entity1 also completed a daily diary card. Thirty @entity1 on @entity40082 and 22 on @entity9691 completed the trial. There were seven dropouts (five on @entity9691 and two on @entity40082 ). Both treatments were equally effective in reducing the severity of symptoms over the 14 days of treatment. The overall assessment at the end of treatment showed no important significant differences between the two drugs. According to the physicians, 60 per cent of the @entity40082 -treated @entity1 and 63 per cent of the @entity9691 -treated @entity1 had an excellent or good response. @entity1 assessed their response as excellent or good in 56 and 62 per cent of cases respectively. Neither @entity73 performance.

title: @entity40082 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity40082 :: ('MESH:C006069', 'Chemical') :: ['mequitazine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['drug significantly impaired']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['hayfever']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glottic obstruction is a major cause of @entity1353 . Without understanding the normal function of the glottis in @entity1353 , treating @entity1353 does not restore normal physiology. Therefore, we designed a @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) model that tested the respiratory cycle in larynges with normal glottis and congenital glottic web (CGW). A CGW case and a control subject (CC) were selected from the computed tomography (CT) archive. 3D computational models of the larynges with structured boundary layer were constructed from axial CT images after mesh refinement study. @entity5173 analyses were based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach. Incompressible flow solver (pressure-based) and SST k-w turbulence model were chosen for this study. To simulate a real-time @entity1353 process, time varying flow rate boundary condition was derived from the spirometer of a healthy, non-smoking @entity1 . Glottic areas were measured as 51.64 and 125.43  mm(2) for the CGW @entity1 and CC, respectively. Time-dependent velocity contours and streamlines for the CC and CGW @entity1 were drawn. The CC showed uniform flow, all through the inspiration and expiration phases. However, the CGW @entity1 showed separation of flow at the glottis level, which caused areas of stagnation in the supraglottis (during expiration) and the subglottis and @entity825 (during inspiration). Specialized geometry of the normal larynx maintained uniform flow with low shear stress values on the wall even at high mass flow rates. Distortion of this geometry may cause obstruction of flow at multiple levels and, therefore, should be evaluated at multiple levels.

title: Effect of glottic geometry on XXXX : three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation of respiration in a case with congenital glottic web.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'computational fluid dynamics']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing', 'dyspnea']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic significance of @entity96 and biliary tract with the overall goal of reducing morbidity and mortality in Pokhara valley. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a hospital based comparative study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2010. The variables collected were age, gender, serum alpha feto protein. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Estimation of @entity160 was performed by ELISA reader for all cases. The standard procedure was followed as per manufacturer's instructions for ELISA. All these laboratory parameters were analyzed using @entity1 reagent kits and with the help of ELISA and semi autoanalyser (Humalyser 3500, Germany). RESULTS: Out of 1200 @entity1 , there were 348(29%) cases of @entity157 . Out of that, 285 cases were found to be @entity160 positive with significant elevation. Furthermore, diagnosed cases were of @entity201 (96, 8%) and @entity189 of liver (216, 18%). In both of these clinical conditions, there was insignificant elevation of @entity160 . Another commonly diagnosed condition was @entity82 (480, 40%) and in 90 cases, @entity160 values were moderately raised from the upper limit of normal reference range. The last diagnosed cases were of either @entity99 /E(60, 5%) and did not show any rise in levels of @entity160 . CONCLUSION: Serological markers for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) are imperative for early identification, as well as scrutinizing of @entity5 , treatment responsiveness, reappearance and endurance. It is consequently justifiable to carry out the test for serum @entity160 to detect and differentiate at early stage of @entity157 .

title: Diagnostic significance of alpha fetoprotein in XXXX and biliary tract - a comparative study from the western region of Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['a-fetoprotein in carcinomas of liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['secondary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'liver cell carcinomas', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis A']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['carcinomas of liver']


abstract: @entity3799 may lead to a @entity602 and the question which can rise is: posterior surgical decompression is adequate regarding the others surgical technics discussed? In this paper the authors describe the postoperative results of 42 @entity1 who have been operated on by laminectomy from 1971 to 1995 at Fann Hospital in Dakar. The median age was 42 years and the median delay between the onset of @entity16 and operation was 5.9 months. All @entity1 showed symptoms of spinal cord and root disturbances. Neuro-imaging studies with plan X-rays and myelography reveal @entity4040 and the impact of this @entity4040 on nervous system. With a follow up of 6 months we found a mortality rate of 4.7% (two cases of @entity204 ), 66.8% of good results and 28.5% of fail. Eighteen months post surgery results were respectively 52.3% and 45.7% of good and poor results. The complications of the laminectomy were peri @entity548 (19%); @entity295 (21.4%); spine cord traumatic injuries (9.5%) spondylolisthesis (4.7%). Laminectomy has been found to improve "spine syndrome"; @entity809 ; @entity2901 , and @entity51 . Also three level laminectomy and surgery which can take place before six months are good prognosis factors. The authors stressed on laminectomy because of our low medical care situations particularly that no other surgical procedures through the modern literature leads to better results.

title: [Our experience with laminectomy in the treatment of XXXX caused by cervical @entity4040 : apropos of 42 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['operative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical spondylotic arthRosis']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the outcome, patterns of failure, and prognostic factors in head and neck soft-tissue @entity242 in the adult. DESIGN: A retrospective evaluation of 73 @entity1 treated recently for this rare disease. The minimum follow-up for all @entity1 was 3 years with the living @entity1 having a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. SETTING: All @entity1 were treated between January 1980 and December 1988, at the Princess Margaret Hospital-Ontario @entity5 Institute, Toronto, the major @entity242 referral center for a population in excess of 3 million. @entity1 OR @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: Fifty-two @entity1 were treated with curative intent: 10 by surgery without radiotherapy and 42 with surgery and radiotherapy. Twelve @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. OUTCOME MEASURES: Five-year cause-specific survival, local relapse, and distant failure rates were calculated by the product limit method. Comparisons between survival curves were carried out by the log-rank statistic and Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of prognostic factors. RESULTS: The 5-year cause-specific survival was 62%, with a local relapse rate of 41% and distant relapse rate of 31%. Extension to adjacent structures, high grade, and large lesion size were associated with poorer survival. @entity41 also was associated with high local failure (75% failure) despite the addition of radiation therapy. Those with clear surgical margins or only microscopic involvement fared much more favorably and had similar local control rates (26% and 30% failure, respectively) provided adjuvant radiotherapy was given. However, 68% of @entity1 dying as a result of their @entity242 had uncontrolled local disease because of the high incidence (27%) of gross residuum following surgery in this series. CONCLUSIONS: This series highlights the absolute necessity for resection of all overt disease with planned adjunctive radiotherapy and appropriate reconstruction in most cases. This is achieved more easily in the setting of a specialized @entity242 treatment unit.

title: An assessment of prognostic factors in soft-tissue XXXX of the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['Gross residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since treatment approaches thought to be useful for @entity162 are presumably suitable for hypomania as well, little systematic research has been done on the treatment of hypomanic episodes and their long-term outcome. As systematic trials have shown that the atypical antipsychotic @entity1090 may be effective and safe in the treatment of acute @entity162 , we decided to conduct an open-label study of its effectiveness and tolerability in hypomania associated with @entity162 . METHODS: Forty-four DSM-IV @entity162 @entity1 with Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores above 7 were included and followed-up for 6 months. Efficacy was measured by means of the YMRS and the Clinical Global Impression for @entity162 (CGI-BD). @entity308 was measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17), and the Udvalg for Kliniske Unders  gelser (UKU) subscale was used for neurological/extrapyramidal side-effects. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 completed the trial. The mean dose of @entity1090 at endpoint was 2.8 mg/day. Last observation-carried-forward analysis showed significant reduction of YMRS scores from the first week of treatment, which continued until the endpoint (P<0.0001). At 6-month follow-up, 60% of @entity1 were assymptomatic according to the CGI. The 32% who received @entity1090 in monotherapy seemed to respond equally well. @entity1090 , as used in this study, appeared to be most protective against hypomanic than @entity308 . Nine @entity1 (12%) had a depressive relapse during 6-month follow-up, one @entity1 (2%) had an hypomanic relapse and another (2%) had both. No @entity1 developed @entity910 during the duration of the study. Although most @entity1 received @entity1090 in combination with standard mood-stabilizers, only three @entity1 discontinued @entity1090 because of other side-effects. LIMITATIONS: In the absence of a placebo arm, it is uncertain to what extent the foregoing results could be ascribed to spontaneous remission of @entity162 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1090 , either in combination with mood-stabilizers or alone was well-tolerated in @entity162 @entity1 , who presented in a hypomanic state, and appeared efficacious. Further controlled research on the role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of less-than-manic forms of @entity162 is warranted.

title: Role of @entity1090 in XXXX : an open 6-month study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar Disorder', 'bipolar II', 'bipolar II disorder', 'mania', 'bipolar illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive recurrences', 'Treatment-emergent depression']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar II']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare 2 adaptive radiotherapy strategies with helical tomotherapy. A @entity1 having @entity2615 with mediastinal nodes was treated using helical tomotherapy with pretreatment megavoltage CT (MVCT) imaging. Gross @entity5 volumes (GTVs) were outlined on every MVCT study. Two alternatives for adapting the treatment were investigated: (1) keeping the prescribed dose to the targets while reducing the dose to the OARs and (2) escalating the target dose while maintaining the original level of healthy tissue sparing. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (step-and-shoot IMRT) and 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) plans for the @entity1 were generated and compared. The @entity75 and nodal mass regressed by 16.2% and 32.5%, respectively. Adapted GTVs and reduced planning target volume ( @entity343 ) margins of 4 mm after 22 fractions decrease the planned mean lung dose by 19.4%. For dose escalation, the planned prescribed doses may be increased from 50.0 to 58.7 Gy in @entity343 (1) and from 60.0 to 70.5 Gy in @entity343 (2). The step-and-shoot IMRT plan was better in sparing healthy tissue but did not provide target coverage as well as the helical tomotherapy plan. The 3DCRT plan resulted in a prohibitively high planned dose to the spinal cord. MVCT studies provide information both for setup correction and plan adaptation. Improved healthy tissue sparing and/or dose escalation can be achieved by adaptive planning.

title: Adaptive radiation therapy for localized XXXX with mediastinal metastasis using helical tomotherapy.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity1887 fractures and @entity3 are a source of severe intractable @entity158 , with limited therapeutic options. Sacroplasty has demonstrable efficacy and safety; sacral kyphoplasty, however, is rarely reported. PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of sacral kyphoplasty for @entity1887 fractures and @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, with long-term follow-up; rural community-based practice. @entity1 SAMPLE: @entity1 with @entity1887 fractures and @entity3 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Numerical @entity158 rating scale, opioid equivalent usage. SELF-REPORT MEASURE: Numerical @entity158 rating scale. FUNCTIONAL MEASURE: Opioid equivalent consumption. METHODS: Retrospective analysis. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement in @entity158 ; overall, an improvement in opioid consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Sacral kyphoplasty appears to be a safe and efficacious procedure, comparable to sacroplasty, in the treatment of SIFs and sacral @entity3 .

title: Sacral kyphoplasty for the treatment of painful @entity1887 fractures and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['Sacral insufficiency', 'sacral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the role of endothelin in intraocular pressure control, its effect on the trabecular meshwork (TM) and the outflow facility, effect on ocular blood flow and vascular regulation and the potential role of @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) antagonism in the therapeutic paradigm of @entity726 . METHODS: A thorough review of the medical literature and a meta-analysis on the level of @entity2232 in OAG @entity1 in an attempt to demonstrate the evolving importance of endothelin in @entity726 . RESULTS: @entity2232 has been identified in the plasma in concentrations that are markedly increased in a number of systemic as well as ocular pathologies such as @entity726 where underlying @entity455 and pathology play a role. It has been shown that @entity2232 induces @entity1 TM cell contraction in culture and that it can affect the outflow facility. Evidence indicates that systemic @entity2232 regulatory mechanisms and vascular responses to it are also altered in @entity726 . Recently, several endothelin antagonists have been shown to have a potential role in @entity726 therapy. In our meta-analysis, only @entity1 with normal @entity726 (NTG) (as opposed to @entity1 with @entity726 ( @entity726 )) had significantly higher plasma @entity2232 levels compared to non-glaucomatous control. High tension glaucomaHTG @entity1 had significant higher levels of @entity2232 in the @entity7462 . CONCLUSIONS: The potential role of @entity2232 antagonism in the therapeutic paradigm of @entity726 is an exciting possible new approach in the treatment of OAG @entity1 . In NTG, @entity2232 may have both a @entity1317 , while whereas in @entity726 , the role of @entity2232 may be dominantly localized to ocular tissue.

title: Endothelin and its suspected role in the pathogenesis and possible treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'tension glaucoma', 'high tension glaucoma', 'HTG']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['local and systemic component of vascular dysregulation']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An atypical form of @entity304 has been described in @entity1 with @entity409 , associated with increased T1 signal in the basal ganglia on magnetic resonance imaging. The magnetic resonance imaging signal changes are characteristic of @entity921 accumulation, which has been neuropathologically confirmed. @entity921 @entity2359 may result in additional neurologic findings besides @entity304 . OBJECTIVE: To fully characterize @entity1 with @entity149 and @entity1578 associated with basal ganglia T1 hyperintensity. DESIGN: Prospective and retrospective case study. SETTING: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. @entity1 : Eight @entity1 referred for neurologic evaluation and studied prospectively, and 7 additional retrospectively identified @entity1 who had been examined by Mayo Clinic neurologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurologic syndromes identified. RESULTS: Three syndromes were recognized in these 15 @entity1 with @entity1578 and basal ganglia T1 hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging: (1) isolated @entity304 , (2) gait ataxia plus other neurologic findings (ataxia-plus), and (3) @entity73 with @entity146 features. All but 1 @entity1 had elevated blood @entity921 levels. Ammonia levels were normal in most, and the @entity16 did not appear to reflect the well-known @entity137 of @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1578 may result in @entity16 that cut across a variety of @entity409 . We selected cases on the basis of evidence of brain @entity921 accumulation, and this may be a crucial component of these syndromes. Further studies are necessary to explore this issue.

title: Neurologic spectrum of XXXX and basal ganglia T1 hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging: probable @entity921 @entity2359 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic-metabolic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese', 'Manganese']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous neurologic syndromes', 'neurologic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver diseases', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['chronic central nervous system symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver failure', 'liver failure', 'Chronic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['chronic liver failure']


abstract: Chronic @entity1142 is a common complaint. Clinical presentation varies with each individual. This study reports the results of laparoscopic therapy in 92 @entity1 with chronic @entity1142 . In two @entity1 conversion was necessary. The majority of @entity1 were female (n = 84, 93.3%). Mean age was 60.3 years (+/- 15.7). In three @entity1 with @entity73 a laparoscopic assisted subtotal colectomy was performed. In @entity1 with outlet obstruction a laparoscopic assisted sigmoid resection was carried out, whereas in 79 a rectopexy with reconstruction of the pouch of douglas was added. In 6 of 8 @entity1 with concomitting @entity4436 an anterior resection was necessary. Mean stay on ICU was 0.5 days. OR time ranged from 100 up to 490 minutes. In 21 @entity1 (23.4%) postoperative complications were observed; however only in 7.8% (n = 7) this lead to additional surgical intervention. The postoperative follow-up is 24 months (6-52 mon). In 76.3% of @entity1 with outlet obstruction and rectal prolapse chronic @entity1142 postoperatively improved or @entity1 felt "symptomfree". In @entity1 with outlet obstruction but without rectal prolapse @entity1142 postoperatively was better in 75.8%. After subtotal colectomy 2 of 3 @entity1 (66%) felt cured after surgery. Careful @entity1 selection by thorough preoperative physiologic testing is mandatory for successful outcome in surgery of chronic @entity1142 . Based on this by laparoscopic surgery same functional results as with conventional open technique could be achieved.

title: [Laparoscopic therapy of chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow-transit constipation']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: Since 1987, 33 @entity1 were operated on for @entity439 of the descending thoracic aorta using temporary bypass with a heparin-coated centrifugal pump and heparin-coated tubes at Kobe University Hospital. Sixteen @entity1 had true @entity439 of the descending thoracic aorta, 7 had thoraco-abdominal @entity439 and 10 had @entity1580 (DeBakey's type III). Heat exchanger and oxygenator were not included in the bypass circuit in all cases. Perfusion time was from 42 to 205 minutes (average 90 minutes). Left heart bypass was established with 1 mg/kg of systemic heparinization in 5, 0.5 mg/kg in 5, and 0 mg/kg in 23 cases. There were no complications such as perioperative @entity887 , @entity520 , or @entity2332 . During aortic cross-clamping, the arterial pressure of the lower extremity was maintained over 70 mmHg, but there was no relationship between the distal perfusion pressure and bypass flow. The urine output during temporary bypass was significantly related to the distal perfusion flow by centrifugal pump (r = 0.455, p < 0.01). Seven out of 23 @entity1 who were bypassed under 40 ml/kg/min of distal perfusion flow showed transient @entity8 postoperatively, and two developed @entity177 , while the other @entity1 bypassed over 40 ml/kg/min of pump flow stayed in the normal range of the renal function, where there were statistically differences (p < 0.05). Postoperative paresis occurred in 2 @entity1 who were also perfused under 40 ml/kg/min of bypass flow. Therefore, it is concluded that temporary bypass with centrifugal pump is a safe and well acceptable circulatory support in the surgical treatment of @entity439 of the descending aorta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical study of optimal bypass flow for temporary bypass with centrifugal pump in surgical treatment of XXXX of the descending thoracic aorta].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative renal failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity355 ( @entity355 ) is a metaplastic condition of the distal oesophagus which predisposes to @entity420 ( @entity44477 ). It has been suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the process of development of @entity355 and @entity44477 ; however, few functional miRNA data are available. The aim of the study was to perform a tissue-specific miRNA profile and, based on this, to examine the function of @entity3373 in the oesophagus. DESIGN: miRNA expression profiling using microarray analysis in @entity44477 , @entity355 and normal squamous epithelium of the oesophagus (SQ) was performed and validated using real-time PCR in samples from 15 @entity1 and in situ hybridisation in samples from 10 @entity1 . The proliferative effect of @entity3373 precursor transfection in the SQ ( @entity1 ) and @entity355 cell line (BAR-T) was measured. Downstream targets of @entity3373 were determined by analysing mRNA and protein expression from @entity3373 transfected cells. RESULTS: Three unique miRNA expression profiles were found in tissue from @entity44477 , @entity355 and SQ, which showed that @entity3373 was upregulated in @entity355 compared with @entity44477 and SQ. Overexpression of @entity3373 in @entity1 and BAR-T cells reduced cell proliferation and inhibited @entity43289 , @entity13062 and @entity1935 mRNA expression. Furthermore, altered @entity13062 signalling was observed in vitro on @entity3373 overexpression. These effects were blocked when cells were co-transfected with a @entity3373 specific inhibitor. Additionally, @entity13062 incubation of @entity1 cells altered @entity3373 and @entity43289 expression over time. CONCLUSION: These results imply that @entity3373 indirectly targets @entity13062 via @entity43289 and is potentially involved in the development of @entity355 .

title: microRNA-145 in @entity355 : regulating @entity13062 signalling via XXXX .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus", 'BE']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity43289 :: (2627,Gene) :: ['GATA6']


abstract: We report an extremely rare case of primary ovarian @entity2109 . A 15-year-old @entity1 was referred to our department because of persistent @entity1142 and abdominal distension. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 10-cm-diameter solid @entity5 located on the right side of the uterus. Serum @entity880 dehydrogenase and @entity1735 antigen-125 levels were elevated at 3250   IU/L and 235.7   U/mL, respectively. @entity43 was suspected, but poor performance and progressive disease were suggestive of @entity706 . However, @entity236 and ascitic fluid cytology findings were not indicative of @entity706 . Laparotomy was performed to confirm pathology. On laparotomy, the right ovary was firm and enlarged, but the uterus and left ovary were normal. Diffuse thickness of retroperitoneal space was observed. Right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and the @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity2109 . Although intensive chemotherapy was administered, the @entity1 died 171 days after the initial operation.

title: XXXX of the ovary: a case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Initially, ovarian dysgerminoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration']

answer: @entity2109 :: (MESH:D002051,Disease) :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']


abstract: @entity311 @entity1 ' loss of effective work time can account for an important proportion of the disease's economic cost. Here the extent, incidence and determinants of this loss are investigated. Data from 695 matched @entity1 -control pairs from Nawal Parasi and Dhanusa districts in Nepal are analysed. Pairwise differences in work time are attributed to @entity311 , and the individual influences of the differences' determinants identified by regression. The mean pairwise differences in the number of days wholly and partially disabled by illness in the month preceding interview were respectively 5.31 (95% confidence interval 4.82-5.79) and 1.21 days (95% CI 0.95-1.47). The interval between fever onset and presumptive treatment, parasite species, the density of peripheral parasitaemia and district of residence each exerted significant influences over the difference in complete disability. The mean pairwise difference in the number of minutes worked on the day before the interview was 108 (95% CI 97-120). Socioeconomic variables, the interval between interview and perceived complete recovery, the pairwise difference in the number of days' complete disability in the month preceding interview and district of residence were significant to this difference. Poorer @entity1 lose more time. The results corroborate past assumptions of debility, demonstrate that @entity311 's effect on effective work time may vary between socioeconomic groups, and underline the economic importance of speedy case detection and presumptive treatment.

title: The effect of XXXX on work time: analysis of data from two Nepali districts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria', 'Malaria']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: The proliferative capacity (%S-phase fraction), DNA ploidy, apoptosis frequency (DNA fragmentation) and @entity134 hormone receptor status ( @entity172 receptor, ER; @entity1420 receptor, PR) of 110 samples of @entity1 breast tissues with ductal invasive @entity189 were measured using biochemical and cytofluorimetric procedures. The DNA fragmentation had a left-skewed frequency distribution and an overall median value of 1.64%, whilst the median %S-phase fraction was 8%. The median %DNA fragmentation and %S-phase fraction were 1.96% and 16% in @entity5 (n = 29; DNA index >1.1) higher than in hypodiploid @entity5 (n = 10; DNA index <0.96), 0.38% and 7.5%. DNA @entity5 (n = 71) had median %DNA fragmentation and %S-phase values of 1.68% and 6%, consistently lower than the median values of DNA @entity5 . The ER content of @entity5 was about one half (median: 5.9 fmol/mg) the median values in @entity981 (10.6 fmol/mg) and @entity5 (14.6 fmol/mg). This may correlate with the lowest frequency of apoptosis in @entity5 , at least when measured by biochemical methods which only detect cells in the late phases of apoptosis. In contrast, the median PR was lowest in @entity5 than in hypo and/or @entity5 . The %S-phase/%fragmented DNA ratio for the @entity5 was 19.7, significantly higher than the ratios for @entity5 (3.6). These findings indicated that there is an imbalance between proliferative capacity and cell death or growth arrest in @entity1 @entity0 . This imbalance may well be linked to a loss of @entity134 hormone control.

title: Apoptotic cell death and the proliferative capacity of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid (8.2) and diploid tumours', 'diploid tumours', 'hyperdiploid tumours', 'hypodiploid tumours', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: The prognostic value and therapeutic utility of monitoring the decay of @entity160 ( @entity160 ) and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) after chemotherapy for nonseminomatous @entity2971 was assessed. @entity1 treated on successive front line chemotherapy protocols at Memorial Hospital between 1979 and 1988 were studied. Marker values taken within the first 90 days of treatment were reviewed for the 198 @entity1 who had initially abnormal values and serial measurements at Memorial Hospital. Since markers frequently increased in an unpredictable fashion in the first week after chemotherapy, prechemotherapy values would be inaccurate for assessment of subsequent half-life. Therefore, the first two values measured greater than 7 days after the start of treatment were used for all calculations of half-life. Among 38 @entity1 who had the two successive @entity160 measurements elevated, those who later achieved a complete response (CR) had a median @entity160 half-life of 6.1 days (n = 20), whereas those not achieving CR had a median @entity160 half-life of 13.3 days (P = 0.02). Among 37 @entity1 with the two successive HCG values elevated, those who later achieved CR had a median HCG half-life of 4.2 days (n = 10), whereas those not achieving CR had a median HCG half-life of 18.4 days (P = 0.04). Forty-two @entity1 who had an @entity160 half-life greater than 7 days or an HCG half-life greater than 3 days had significantly shorter overall survival (median, 8 months) than the other 156 @entity1 (median not reached) (P less than 0.0001). These 42 @entity1 also achieved CR in lower proportion (29%) than the other 156 @entity1 (89%) (P less than 0.0001). Cox regression identified prolonged marker half-life as the most significant independent predictor of survival. Lack of appropriate decay of serum @entity5 markers can identify @entity1 unlikely to achieve CR or prolonged survival and thus can be used to select @entity1 during treatment who may benefit from an early change to more aggressive therapy.

title: Serum @entity5 marker half-life during chemotherapy allows early prediction of complete response and survival in nonseminomatous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['germ cell tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of secondary @entity2312 after esophageal variceal eradication in @entity1 with @entity1575 and factors associated with their development. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The Department of Gastroenterology, Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro and Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, from September 2007 to July 2009. METHODOLOGY: Consecutive @entity1 with decompensated @entity1575 were subjected to endoscopy for management of varices. Endoscopic variceal band ligation was done in all @entity1 . @entity2312 were noted at surveillance. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cut off values of secondary @entity2312 and various factors influencing the development of @entity2312 after eradication with the best sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: Of the 162 @entity1 ; 46 (28.3%) were females and 116 (71.7%) males. The mean age was 45   13 years. Fundal varices were present before eradication in 12 (7.4%) @entity1 and after eradication of varices in 38 (23.5%) @entity1 . A strong association was found between @entity2312 after eradication and @entity1 Pugh class (p=0.001), grade of varices at the time of presentation (p=0.024), increasing number of sessions for eradication of esophageal varices (p=0.001) and presence of gastric varix at the time of first presentation (p=0.009). CONCLUSION: @entity2312 are common in @entity82 . A significant association with @entity1 -Pugh class, presenting grade, increasing number of ligation session and prior existence was seen in the studied group.

title: @entity2312 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary gastric varices', 'gastric varices']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of liver']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']


abstract: Since January 1972 @entity6368 has been systematically investigated by culture techniques at the Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology of the University of Berne. From January 1st 1972 to September 30th 1977, 820 strains were isolated. A survey of the sensitivity of gonococci to @entity3397 is presented. We found three groups: 1. 700 sensitive strains (85.4%), 2. 118 strains with decreased sensitivity (14,4%), 3.2 resistant strains (0.2%). The two @entity114 -resistant strains are described. Only the @entity1 infected with gonococci of the third group were untreatable with @entity114 . In view of the present epidemiological situation @entity114 remains the drug of choice. However, bacteriological examination including sensitivity tests is urgently recommended and is absolutely indicated in the event of treatment failures. In addition, culture is necessary to rule out @entity2954 because the asymptomatic form is observed with increasing frequency not only in female @entity1 but recently also in male @entity1 .

title: [Sensitivity of gonococcus to XXXX in the canton Berne during the years 1972-1977. Isolation of @entity114 -resistant strains].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

answer: @entity3397 :: (MESH:D010400,Chemical) :: ['penicillin G']