abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a brief, clinically relevant, multidimensional interview to assess @entity158 burden among @entity1 and adolescents with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). The Sickle Cell Disease Pain Burden Interview-Youth (SCPBI-Y) was developed using a panel of experts, @entity1 , and caregivers. Validation was undertaken with @entity1 and youth with @entity3458 , ages 7 to 21  years (N = 129), recruited from 4 urban @entity1 's hospitals. @entity1 were recruited from inpatient (n = 62) and outpatient (n = 67) settings. The SCPBI-Y demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability, cross-informant concordance ( @entity1 -caregiver), and test-retest reliability (outpatient setting). Moderate construct validity was found with validated measures of functional ability, @entity158 , and quality of life. The SCPBI-Y demonstrated construct validity using a contrasted group approach between youth in inpatient versus outpatient settings and by severity of @entity3458 symptoms, suggesting that youth in inpatient settings and with higher disease severity exhibited @entity158 burden. Discriminant validity was found between SCPBI-Y and mood. Our preliminary findings suggest that the SCPBI-Y is a valid and reliable multidimensional interview that can be used in different clinical settings to evaluate @entity158 burden among @entity1 and adolescents with @entity3458 . PERSPECTIVE: Multifaceted @entity158 assessments are salient in providing optimal care to @entity1 and adolescents with @entity3458 ; however, current evaluations are lengthy and cumbersome to administer clinically. The current study introduces and validates a brief, clinically useful multidimensional interview to evaluate @entity158 burden specific to youth with @entity3458 .

title: Validation of the XXXX @entity158 burden interview-youth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['greater pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the intra- and interrater reliability of the Action Research Arm (ARA) test, to assess its ability to detect a @entity922 ( @entity922 ) of 5.7 points, and to identify less reliable test items. DESIGN: Intrarater reliability of the sum scores and of individual items was assessed by comparing (1) the ratings of the laboratory measurements of 20 @entity1 with the ratings of the same measurements recorded on videotape by the original rater, and (2) the repeated ratings of videotaped measurements by the same rater. Interrater reliability was assessed by comparing the ratings of the videotaped measurements of 2 raters. The resulting limits of agreement were compared with the @entity922 . @entity1 : Stratified sample, based on the intake ARA score, of 20 @entity64 @entity1 (median age, 62yr; median time since @entity64 onset, 3.6yr; mean intake ARA score, 29.2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient (Spearman's rho); intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); mean difference and limits of agreement, based on ARA sum scores; and weighted kappa, based on individual items. RESULTS: All intra- and interrater Spearman's rho and ICC values were higher than .98. The mean difference between ratings was highest for the interrater pair (.75; 95% confidence interval, .02-1.48), suggesting a small systematic difference between raters. Intrarater limits of agreement were -1.66 to 2.26; interrater limits of agreement were -2.35 to 3.85. Median weighted kappas exceeded .92. CONCLUSION: The high intra- and interrater reliability of the ARA test was confirmed, as was its ability to detect a clinically relevant difference of 5.7 points.

title: The intra- and interrater reliability of the action research arm test: a practical test of upper extremity function in XXXX with @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimal clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Endogenous @entity535 release was examined in highly purified striatal neurons obtained from fetal @entity19 brain, and differentiated in primary culture. This study aimed to determine which @entity1522 are released from striatal neurons after a brief depolarization period induced by elevated @entity972 concentration or @entity20668 . @entity1522 released into the extracellular medium, subsequent to a 3-min exposure of striatal neurons, were subjected to HPLC analysis. At 14 days in vitro @entity972 (56 mM) depolarization elicited a 25-fold increase in @entity1246 release, 85% of which was @entity460 -dependent. This effect was small but apparent at 7 days in vitro (two-fold increase) and greatly increased between 11 and 14 days in vitro, subsequent to the appearance of synaptic vesicles in nerve terminals. @entity1246 release was readily reversible within minutes of return to the resting state. @entity20668 induced a quantitatively similar but @entity460 -independent increase in @entity1246 release. Similar results were observed on @entity492 and @entity2227 release, but the increase was very small even after 14 days in vitro (62.2 and 123.3% increase over basal release, respectively). @entity2226 and @entity37405 release increased during and after depolarization induced by @entity972 . This effect remained constant between 11 and 18 days in vitro. @entity9898 , a @entity7236 -sensitive @entity460 channel agonist, augmented the effect of 15 mM @entity972 on @entity1246 release, but this effect remained very small as compared to the @entity972 (56 mM) or @entity20668 effects. In addition, @entity594 inhibited this @entity9898 -induced release. These results demonstrate the high level of differentiation among striatal neurons containing @entity1246 in this in vitro system.

title: Release of endogenous XXXX from striatal neurons in primary culture.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acids', 'amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'gamma-Aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity20668 :: ('MESH:D014702', 'Chemical') :: ['veratrine', 'Veratrine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity37405 :: ('MESH:C003949', 'Chemical') :: ['hypotaurine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Symptomatic @entity1779 (sICH) after tissue plasminogen activator for acute @entity385 is associated with poor outcome. There are conflicting data on sICH risk related to lipid levels and use of lipid-lowering medications. We evaluated whether there are associations between lipid levels, lipid-lowering medications, and sICH in Get With the Guidelines- @entity64 . METHODS: We identified acute @entity385 @entity1 in the Get With the Guidelines- @entity64 data set who were treated with IV tissue plasminogen activator between April 2003 and September 2009 and had complete data on lipid profiles and complications. Potential predictors of sICH were tested in univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The analysis included 22 216 IV tissue plasminogen activator-treated acute @entity385 @entity1 . Overall, 1104 (4.97%) experienced sICH (National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 ). In univariate analysis, @entity1 with sICH were more often taking antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and @entity6 medications. There was no relationship between low density lipoprotein or total @entity165 and sICH in univariate analysis. However, the risk of sICH increased with higher high density lipoprotein, 6.1% in Q4 versus 4.7% in Q1, P=0.0013; and lower @entity412 levels, 5.9% in Q1 versus 4.2% in Q4, P<0.0001. In multivariable models, although the high density lipoprotein and @entity412 levels were modestly associated with sICH, low density lipoprotein and total @entity165 were not. Lipid-lowering medications were not independently associated with sICH. CONCLUSIONS: We found that low density lipoprotein and total @entity165 levels are not associated with risk of sICH after tissue plasminogen activator, although higher high density lipoprotein and lower @entity412 levels were modest risk factors. Lipid-lowering medications are not associated with risk of sICH.

title: Lipid profile, lipid-lowering medications, and @entity1779 after tPA in get with the guidelines- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke', 'Stroke definition']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: This study was performed to determine whether spinal cholinergic systems mediate the relieving effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on cold and warm @entity1931 in a @entity35 model of @entity9 . For @entity1109 surgery, the right superior caudal trunk was resected at the level between the S1 and S2 spinal nerves innervating the tail. Two weeks after the injury, the intrathecal (i.t.) catheter was implanted. Five days after the catheterization, the @entity35 were injected with @entity3897 (non-selective muscarinic antagonist, 30 microg), @entity6959 (non-selective nicotinic antagonist, 50 microg), @entity4140 (M(1) muscarinic antagonist, 10 microg), @entity10258 (M(2) antagonist, 10 microg) or @entity4139 ( @entity4139 ) (M(3) antagonist, 10 microg). Ten minutes after the injection, EA was applied to the ST36 acupoint for 30 min. The cold and warm @entity1931 were assessed by the tail immersion test [i.e., immersing the tail in cold (4 degrees C) or warm (40 degrees C) water and measuring the latency of an abrupt tail movement] before and after the treatments. The i.t. @entity3897 , but not @entity6959 , blocked the relieving effects of EA on cold and warm @entity1931 . Furthermore, i.t. @entity4140 attenuated the antiallodynic effects of EA, whereas @entity10258 and @entity4139 did not. These results suggest that spinal muscarinic receptors, especially M(1) subtype, mediate the EA-induced antiallodynia in @entity1109 @entity35 .

title: Spinal cholinergic mechanism of the relieving effects of electroacupuncture on cold and warm @entity1931 in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10258 :: ('MESH:C054938', 'Chemical') :: ['methoctramine']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity4139 :: ('MESH:C042375', 'Chemical') :: ['4-DAMP', '4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Effective interventions to prevent residual and/or recurrent @entity652 (RRA) after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large sessile and laterally spreading @entity14 (LSL) are yet to be determined. RRA may occur due to inconspicuous @entity652 at the EMR margin. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of extended EMR (X-EMR) compared with standard EMR (S-EMR). METHODS: A single-center post-hoc analysis of LSL >= 20mm referred for treatment was performed. S-EMR was the standard sequential inject and resect method including a 1- to mm margin of normal mucosa around the lesion. With X-EMR at least a 5 mm margin of normal mucosa was excised. @entity1 and lesion characteristics and procedural outcomes were recorded. First surveillance colonoscopy ( @entity28372 ) was scheduled for 4 months. The primary endpoint was RRA at @entity28372 . RESULTS: Between January 2009 to May 2011, 471 lesions (mean size 37.9 mm) in 424 @entity1 were resected by S-EMR and between January 2012 to December 2013, 448 lesions (mean size 39.1 mm) in 396 @entity1 were resected by X-EMR. Resection was successful in 92.3% and 92.6% of referred lesions in the S-EMR and X-EMR groups, respectively (P = .978). X-EMR was independently associated with a higher risk of intraprocedural bleeding (IPB) (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.0-5.0; P < .001) but not other adverse events. RRA was present in 39 out of 333 @entity1 (11.7%) and 30 out of 296 @entity1 (10.1%) in the S-EMR and X-EMR groups, respectively (P = .15). X-EMR was not related to recurrence (HR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5-1.3; P = .399). CONCLUSIONS: X-EMR does not reduce RRA and increases the risk of IPB compared with S-EMR. Alternative methods for the prevention of RRA are required.

title: Extended endoscopic mucosal resection does not reduce recurrence compared with standard endoscopic mucosal resection of large laterally spreading XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal lesions']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal lesions']


abstract: @entity687 is a neutrophil chemoattractant cytokine with proinflammatory and growth-promoting activities, which is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. It is found in high amounts in lesional biopsies of @entity66 such as @entity1569 and @entity709 . We report a 50-year-old @entity1 with a 10-year history of @entity5658 with disseminated @entity1569 . Skin biopsies showed an epidermotropic infiltrate composed of atypical @entity404 + @entity405 + lymphocytes with numerous admixed neutrophils. Peripheral blood flow cytometric analysis revealed a major clonal subset of CD3+ @entity404 + @entity405 + T-cell receptor Vbeta22+ atypical lymphocytes. Bone marrow biopsy, lymph node biopsy and computed thoracoabdominal tomography were normal. Serologies for @entity2662 and @entity1 @entity465 virus were negative. Our @entity1 's status deteriorated despite topical ( @entity1568 mustard, psoralen plus ultraviolet A) and systemic (interferon, methotrexate, multiagent chemotherapy) treatments, and she finally died. We showed that our @entity1 's peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) spontaneously produced high amounts of @entity687 . In contrast, PBL of @entity1 with classical S  zary syndrome produced lower amounts of @entity687 . The production of @entity687 by @entity5 T cells could explain this unusual clinical and histopathological presentation of @entity784 as disseminated @entity1569 .

title: XXXX with disseminated @entity1569 . Production of high levels of @entity687 by @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'pustulosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pustular diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar pustulosis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['erythroderma']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['Erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: Lipid peroxidation is an autocatalytic mechanism leading to oxidative destruction of cellular membranes. The deleterious consequences of this mechanism are related in part to the formation of reactive aldehydic products that bind to intra- or extracellular molecules to form adducts. Specific antibodies directed against @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ) adducts, major aldehydic metabolites of lipid peroxidation, allowed us to investigate in situ, with an immunohistochemical procedure, the occurrence of lipid peroxidation in a panel of different chronic @entity409 . Intracellular @entity13789 and @entity1865 adducts were detected respectively in 24 of 39 cases (62%) and in 12 of 34 cases investigated (35%). They were localized mainly in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, with the strongest staining observed in @entity9595 , @entity2360 , and in areas of @entity99 in cases of @entity5881 . A peculiar pattern of immunostaining was observed in @entity2835 where biliary cells of destroyed but also intact bile ducts strongly expressed @entity13789 adducts. The liver extracellular matrix also displayed @entity1865 adducts (30 of 34 cases, 88%) and @entity13789 adducts (23 of 39 cases, 59%). While @entity13789 adducts were specifically localized on large bundles of collagen fibers, @entity1865 adducts were detected in a thin reticular network and in sinusoidal cells around portal tracts or fibrous septa. In conclusion, lipid peroxidation by-products are detectable in chronic @entity409 . Immunohistochemical results suggest that this mechanism is implicated very early in the pathogenesis of some of these diseases.

title: In situ detection of lipid peroxidation by-products in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hemochromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute alcoholic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is emerging evidence that gray matter (GM) is reduced in @entity1 with @entity161 . Information on the extent of global differences in the 3 principal supertentorial compartments is necessary for interpretation of regional effects. The relation of @entity62 to clinical status and neurocognition also requires examination. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging, neurocognitive measures, and clinical assessment of symptoms and functioning were obtained for 130 @entity1 (51 neuroleptic naive, 79 previously treated) and 130 healthy controls (75 @entity1 , 55 @entity1 in each group). RESULTS: Overall GM volume was reduced in @entity1 compared with controls. This was evident in @entity1 (6% reduction) and @entity1 (2% reduction) and was already evident at the first presentation of neuroleptic-naive @entity1 . The reduction sustained correction for age and total intracranial volume. Compartmental volumes did not correlate with the severity of positive (r, -0.08 to 0.23) or negative (r, -0.01 to -0.07) symptoms, but GM volume was associated with better premorbid functioning in @entity1 (r, 0.36-0.51). Small but significant correlations (r, 0.19-0.44) were observed between GM volume and performance in 6 neurocognitive domains. These correlations varied by diagnosis, most higher in @entity1 , and were moderated by sex. CONCLUSIONS: Gray matter volume reduction in @entity161 is already evident in @entity1 and @entity1 at first presentation. While this reduction is not correlated with symptom severity, it is associated with cognitive performance. Since GM development accelerates in the later part of gestation, while white matter growth is primarily postnatal, the results may support the hypothesis that neurodevelopmental processes relate to @entity62 .

title: Reduced gray matter volume in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['GM deficit', 'GM reduction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Questionnaires are an epidemiological instrument to detect @entity1 with @entity565 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Worldwide standardized questionnaires were selected, taking the most important points for making the diagnosis of @entity565 . A questionnaire was applied to outpatients who attend to @entity358 service. The answers were compared with a "gold standard" proposed, consisted in clinical screening and pulmonary function tests. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Kappa coefficient, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were obtained, with intervals of confidence of 95%. RESULTS: The questionnaires were applied to 120 @entity1 , 70.83% @entity1 , the answering percentage was 99%. Mean age was 32 years with a range of 24-40. In 62.5% @entity1 there was already a previous diagnosis of @entity565 . Positive Familial history was present in 65.83, cough in 85%, @entity1353 in 80.83%, sneezes in 53.33% and wheezes in 77.5%. The was of kappa coefficient for previous medical diagnosis 0.96%, followed by positive familial history, wheezes and cough in 0.90%. The greatest specificity was for wheezes, @entity1353 and previous medical diagnosis. The greatest specificity for previous medical diagnosis was wheezes and sneezes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of questionnaires for respiratory symptoms similar to @entity565 can be an option to detect groups of high risk.

title: [Sensitivity and specificity of a questionnaire about respiratory symptoms similar to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: AIMS: @entity2675 incidence is 1% of all @entity0 and is increasing. We aim to present an overview of @entity2675 with particular emphasis on clinical management. METHODS: Studies were identified by an online search of literature in the MEDLINE database till June 2006 followed by an extensive review of bibliographies. RESULTS: Increased risk factors include genetic predisposition as in @entity2674 families; @entity409 due to @entity2008 such as @entity252 or environmental factors such as chronic heat exposure and radiation. Clinical assessment with biopsy is the hallmark of diagnosis. Earlier presentations are becoming commoner but there are wide geographical differences. Surgical treatment involves simple or modified radical mastectomy along with surgical assessment of the axilla, either via sentinel node biopsy in clinically node-negative disease or axillary sampling/clearance in node-positive disease. Reconstructions for restoring body image have been recently reported. Indications for adjuvant therapies are similar to that in @entity1 . For metastatic disease, @entity440 is still the mainstay for @entity2931 receptor positive disease. For @entity2931 receptor negative disease, @entity632 based chemotherapy regimens are used. In addition, the oft neglected psychological aspects of @entity1 having a " @entity5 of @entity1 " are increasingly being recognised. CONCLUSIONS: There is, thus, need for further increasing awareness among @entity1 to reduce stigma associated with presentation of symptoms related to breast. This should be in addition to stressing to clinicians the ways of earlier detection and tailor-made "gender oriented" treatment of @entity0 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a review of clinical management.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['Male breast cancer', 'male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['testicular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ["Klinefelter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['Male breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemoptysis due to @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) frequently develops in Korea where the prevalence of @entity378 is intermediate. The effect of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) on the control of massive hemoptysis has been well known. This study is designed to identify the risk factors contributing to rebleeding after BAE in @entity1 with @entity378 . METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated risk factors and the time for rebleeding after BAE in 72 @entity1 presenting with hemoptysis. RESULTS: The overall immediate success rate of BAE was 93.1% (67 of 72 @entity1 ). Of the 29 @entity1 (40.3%) who showed rebleeding after BAE, 13 @entity1 experienced rebleeding within 1 month, and 14 @entity1 between 1 month to 1 year. The existence of a shunt in angiographic finding, aspergilloma, and @entity6 were risk factors of rebleeding after BAE in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: BAE was very effective for obtaining immediate bleeding control in hemoptysis associated with active @entity378 or post- @entity378 sequelae. It is important to observe whether or not rebleeding occurs up to 1 year of BAE especially in @entity378 @entity1 with aspergilloma, @entity3918 , or a shunt. Even rebleeding can be managed well by second BAE.

title: Risk factors influencing rebleeding after bronchial artery embolization on the management of hemoptysis associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: Sixty-one @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity6313 in @entity5806 were treated with @entity2059 100 mg/day or @entity3101 500 mg/day for six to nine months. The infective causes were @entity12734 , @entity12736 , or @entity12736 violaceum, and in two cases @entity5132 . A total of 27 finger and 390 toe nails were infected. Statistically significant intragroup reductions from baseline symptom severity values were seen at endpoint (month 6 or 9) for both treatment groups for all parameters: colour change, thickness, @entity6926 and unaffected area. No clinically or statistically significant differences between the treatment groups were seen at endpoint. However, the @entity2059 group continued to improve during the follow-up, while the mean symptom severity ratings remained the same in the @entity3101 group. All @entity2059 @entity1 and 85% of @entity3101 @entity1 were rated as cured or markedly improved at endpoint. Nineteen out of 26 evaluable @entity2059 @entity1 (73%) remained cured during the three month follow-up period, compared with 12 out of 17 @entity3101 @entity1 (71%). The rather large number of drop-outs, especially among @entity3101 @entity1 , makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions of the symptom recurrence. Two @entity2059 @entity1 stopped medication due to an adverse event, compared to four @entity1 in the @entity3101 group. The clinical laboratory data on @entity2059 -treated @entity1 did not show any statistically or clinically significant changes. In conclusion, @entity2059 was at least as effective as @entity3101 in the treatment of @entity6313 . The @entity2059 group continued to improve after the treatment was stopped. The results show that @entity2059 100 mg/day is safe and efficient in the long-term treatment of @entity6313 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity2059 in the long-term treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']

entities_list: @entity3101 :: ('MESH:D006118', 'Chemical') :: ['griseofulvin']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['finger or toe nails']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['fungal nail infections', 'onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton', 'Trichophyton mentagrophytes']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['brittleness']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We hypothesized that the addition of @entity4562 , an @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity669 kinase inhibitor, to @entity1205 would enhance therapeutic efficacy in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity213 with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2, or @entity1 with ECOG performance status of 0 to 2 but were previously treated with chemotherapy, were randomly assigned to receive weekly @entity1205 plus either placebo (arm A) or @entity4562 250 mg/d, orally (arm B) until disease progression. At the time of progression, @entity1 in the placebo arm could receive single-agent @entity4562 . @entity470 , @entity1916 , and @entity984 mutations and polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters were evaluated by pyrosequencing. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy @entity1 were enrolled before the study was closed early at interim analysis (arm A, n = 136; arm B, n = 134). Median overall survival was 6.0 months in arm A versus 7.3 months in arm B (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.21; P = .60). An unplanned subset analysis showed that @entity4562 improved survival in @entity1 younger than 65 years (median 7.6 v 5.2 months; P = .04). Also, there was a trend for improved survival in @entity1 with @entity1916 wild-type (5.7 v 3.6 months; P = .09) regardless of treatment. Grade 3/4 @entity137 were comparable between the two arms except that grade 3/4 @entity294 was more common with @entity1205 / @entity4562 . Of 18 eligible @entity1 who received @entity4562 after disease progression in arm A, one @entity1 had a partial response. CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity4562 to @entity1205 was well tolerated but did not improve outcomes in poor prognosis but otherwise unselected @entity1 with @entity213 .

title: Phase III randomized, placebo-controlled trial of XXXX with or without @entity4562 in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer: an eastern cooperative oncology group trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: Electron spin resonance spectroscopy has recently been used by others to detect directly radical species in isolated perfused hearts. Sample processing prior to spectroscopy in this study involved pulverization of tissue, which can artifactually generate radical species. We assessed in isolated perfused hearts the influence of tissue pulverization on the identity of radical species detected by spectroscopy and then, using a processing technique less likely to induce artifacts, whether @entity741 and reperfusion generate radical species. @entity35 and @entity95 hearts (n = 8) were perfused aerobically for 10 min and freeze-clamped to -196 degrees C. Frozen tissue was processed at -196 degrees C for spectroscopic analysis by pulverization vs. chopping. Spectra of pulverized tissue consisted of three components: a @entity13478 (g = 2.004), a lipid @entity33195 radical (g [ = 2.04 and g = 2.006), and a @entity505 -centered radical that is possibly a lipid radical (giso = 2.002 and AHzz approximately equal to 50 G). Chopped tissue consisted of a single component, a @entity13478 (g = 2.004). @entity35 hearts (n = 8 per group) also underwent 10-min global no-flow normothermic @entity63 followed by 5-60 sec of either aerobic or anaerobic reperfusion, with frozen tissue chopped prior to spectroscopy. Spectra of @entity63 tissue consisted of an @entity5985 center and a @entity13478 . Aerobic reperfusion resulted in a spectrum similar to the control but with increased amplitude that peaked after 10-15 sec of reflow. Anaerobic reperfusion yielded a spectrum identical to that of @entity63 tissue. We conclude that pulverization of frozen myocardial tissue arti-factually generates radical species. Using a nonpulverization technique for tissue processing, we found that @entity741 and reperfusion produce radical species but that molecular @entity26 is necessary for the burst of radical production during reflow.

title: XXXX and reperfusion: direct evidence for free radical generation by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity13478 :: ('CHEBI:15817', 'Chemical') :: ['semiquinone']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5985 :: ('CHEBI:30408', 'Chemical') :: ['iron-sulfur']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Airways represent a serial and parallel branched system, through which the alveoli are connected with the external air. They participate in the mechanical and immune defense against noxious agents, regional flow regulation to optimize the perfusion/ventilation ratio and provide lung mechanical support. Functional exploration of central airways is based on resistance measurement, flow-volume curve or spirometry, while peripheral airways influence parameters as the upstream resistance, the slope of phase III @entity1568 washout and the residual volume. Bronchodynamic tests supply important information on airway reversibility and nonspecific reactivity. Anatomopathologic alterations of obstructive chronic @entity3617 , @entity2542 and @entity565 account for their specific functional and bronchodynamic alterations. There is a growing interest for @entity5924 in the clinical, radiologic and functional field. This type of lesion, always present in @entity1030 , @entity565 and @entity401 , becomes relevant when isolated or predominant. The most useful anatomofunctional classification separates the "constrictive" forms, the cause of @entity3885 and hyperinflation, from "proliferative" forms where an intraluminal proliferation more or less extended to alveolar air spaces as in @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) results in @entity66 . @entity4154 represents a severe and frequent complication of lung and bone marrow transplantation. Idiopathic @entity3616 may occur with cough or flue-like symptoms. In other cases, constrictive and proliferative forms may have a toxic (gases or drugs), postinfective or immune etiology ( @entity309 , LES, etc). @entity1576 or smokers' @entity5924 , an often asymptomatic lesion, rarely associated to an @entity401 , should be considered separately. The relationships between @entity1576 , @entity1030 and @entity2542 is still to be elucidated. The diagnostic combination of the more sensitive functional tests with HRCT will allow a better understanding of the natural history of the various forms of @entity5924 .

title: XXXX : anatomopathologic patterns and functional correlations.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['BOOP', 'bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory bronchiolitis', 'respiratory bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease', 'interstitial disease']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['Constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema', 'initial centriacinar emphysema']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Airway disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, the diagnosis of @entity66 such as @entity311 , @entity378 , or @entity5163 in rural areas of developing countries requires the displacement of the @entity1 from their community health post to their reference health center or to ship a sample. This delays diagnosis and the treatment of disease. OBJECTIVE: Conduct research to develop a new method for rapid low-cost diagnosis of @entity66 in rural areas of developing countries ( @entity311 , @entity378 , @entity281 , @entity281 , and @entity5 ). METHODS: The study was divided into three phases. The first related to the drafting and validating of new protocols for the preparation of samples that should be adapted to be carried out in areas without power and with little trained personnel. The second phase consisted of developing a telemicroscopy system looking for low cost, software compatibility, and technical quality. Finally, the third phase evaluated the system as a diagnostic tool using direct observation with a conventional microscope as the gold standard. RESULTS: The validation of the new protocols showed that 100% of the vaginal swabs were processed correctly when using direct smear, while they were only 86.3% correct when using Gram stain; 68.3% of fecal samples were correctly processed using Kinyoun stain; 61.7% of blood samples when using thin film; and 83.8% when using thick film. Phase 2 permitted the development of a low-cost (< 250) and low-power (<15   W) telemicroscopy system that allows real-time consultation between health technicians and specialists. Finally, phase 3 proved that there was no difference between the diagnostics obtained by direct observation in a microscope and those ones obtained through the new telemicroscopy system. CONCLUSIONS: This study has verified the effectiveness of the telemicroscopy system as a diagnostic tool, given the complete agreement between the diagnoses made with it and those made with the gold standard.

title: Design of New Procedures for Diagnosing XXXX Using a Low-Cost Telemicroscopy System.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal infections', 'parasitic infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Prevalent Diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess, in the newborn, the efficacy of a standard taping treatment used in @entity1 for two selected @entity154 (curly/varus/underlapping toes and @entity3928 ), and compare the outcome with the available world literature. METHODS: All @entity1 referred by their family physician between January 2004 and January 2006 were included. The newborns were reviewed by one author (WGS) within 10 days of birth, assessed for severity, and the toes were taped in a standard manner if the abnormalities met the study criteria. After one and two months, the same author reviewed the @entity1 , and retaped the toes. The @entity1 's toes were photographed before the taping and then after three months when the tape was removed permanently. After six months, the @entity1 , with their pictures, were sent to a second author (JTS), and were scored for the grade of severity and improvement using standard criteria. RESULTS: The world literature and standard textbooks indicate a 25% spontaneous improvement of these abnormalities. The recommendation is for surgical correction at a later date because intervention with taping has not shown success after the newborn period. No prior studies have been undertaken in the newborn. In the present study of 84 toes, the abnormality occurred in 2.8% of newborns, and 94% of the toes were improved or cured with no complications related to the technique. CONCLUSION: A simple, office-friendly technique of taping underlapping and @entity3928 in the newborn proved successful in 94% of the toes.

title: Prospective study of a noninvasive treatment for two common @entity154 (curly/varus/underlapping toes and XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toe abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['overlapping toes']

answer: @entity3928 :: (MESH:C536030,Disease) :: ['overlapping toes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize early experience in combined thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy with two-field lymph node dissection for @entity418 . METHODS: A total of 150 @entity1 with @entity418 who underwent combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy in Union Hospital, Fujan Medical University, were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Locations of the @entity5 included upper esophagus (n=14), middle esophagus (n=95), and lower esophagus (n=41). Pathological type showed @entity1544 (n=142) and other types of @entity5 (n=8). There was no intraoperative @entity204 . Conversion to open thoracotomy was required in 6 @entity1 and conversion to open laparotomy in 2 @entity1 . The average total operative time was( 258  45) min. The average operative thoracoscopic time was (140  33) min. The average time for gastric mobilization and neck esophagogastric anastomosis was (119  28) min. The average @entity190 during the procedure was (207  130) ml. The average number of harvested lymph node with the specimen was 23.3  8.2. The @entity5 staging included stage I (n=39), II (n=58) and III (n=53). @entity260 occurred in 48(32%) @entity1 including @entity55 (n=17), recurrent @entity130 (n=13), @entity834 (n=9), @entity943 (n=9), chyle chest (n=5), delayed @entity356 (n=5), ileus (n=2), @entity3313 (n=1), and @entity882 (n=1). Two @entity1 died postoperatively due to @entity1576 resulting from @entity55 . CONCLUSION: Thoraco-laparoscopic two-field lymph node dissection of @entity418 is a feasible minimally invasive approach.

title: [Thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy with two-field lymph node dissection for XXXX : report of 150 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'thoracic esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal injury']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For the palliative treatment of @entity1282 , esophageal stent placement provides immediate improvement, whereas brachytherapy offers better long-term relief. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of concurrent brachytherapy and biodegradable stent placement. DESIGN: Prospective, single-arm study. SETTING: Two tertiary-care referral centers. @entity1 : Nineteen consecutive @entity1 with significant @entity1282 resulting from unresectable @entity418 , with a life expectancy of more than 3 months. INTERVENTION: Single-dose brachytherapy (12 Gy) on day 1 followed by biodegradable stent placement on day 2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Intervention-related major complications (determined by an expert panel) and @entity1282 . RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (13 @entity1 , median age 66 years [interquartile range (IQR) 59-71] years) were included; 7 @entity1 (37%) also received palliative chemotherapy. After inclusion of 19 @entity1 , the study was ended prematurely because the safety threshold was exceeded. In total, 28 major complications occurred in 17 @entity1 (89%). In 9 @entity1 (47%), major complications were determined intervention-related (severe @entity158 with or without @entity391 [n = 6], hematemesis [n = 1], recurrent @entity1282 [n = 2]. @entity1282 scores decreased significantly from a median of 3 (IQR 3-4) to a median of 1 (IQR 0-3) after 1 month (P < .001). Despite adequate luminal patency in 17 @entity1 (89%), normal diet could not be tolerated in 7 @entity1 (37%) because of @entity158 . LIMITATIONS: Lack of routine endoscopy or contrast esophagram to evaluate recurrent @entity1282 during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Despite restoration of luminal patency, a combined treatment of brachytherapy and biodegradable stent placement cannot be recommended for the palliative treatment of @entity418 because of an unacceptably high intervention-related major complication rate.

title: Combination of biodegradable stent placement and single-dose brachytherapy is associated with an unacceptably high complication rate in the treatment of @entity1282 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain and vomiting', 'retrosternal pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with functional and/or morphological @entity11127 cilia were identified. The diagnosis of primary ciliary @entity910 was based on observed abnormalities of ciliary ultrastructure or beating in vitro (beat pattern, beat frequency or percentage of motile cilia). Beat frequency and motility indices approached the normal range in some cases and suggests that the term ' @entity36064 ' is not appropriate. @entity154 were most commonly due to @entity1345 , affecting the outer arms (n = 7), inner arms (n = 3) or both (n = 10). Examples of radial spoke and microtubular defects were also identified but in seven subjects ciliary ultrastructure was normal. In six @entity1 paired samples of nasal and bronchial cilia were obtained and showed consistent @entity1319 and ultrastructure. @entity855 and @entity859 triphosphatase did not restore in vitro motility when added to dynein deficient cilia. The clinical picture was of life-long @entity1244 and recurrent @entity281 but the spectrum was broader than that encompassed by @entity16179 ( @entity5512 , @entity1244 and @entity4595 ). Fourteen @entity1 had normal cardiac situs and definite or highly suggestive evidence of @entity4595 was present in only 17 @entity1 . Radiological evidence of @entity1244 was common but absence of frontal sinuses was not universal. @entity2171 media was a frequent finding but @entity2319 was rarely profound. Fertility problems were common but were not universal in female subjects. Lung function testing revealed evidence of airflow obstruction but this was mild in most cases.

title: Primary ciliary XXXX : cytological and clinical features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Morphological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of respiratory tract']

entities_list: @entity5512 :: ('MESH:D003914', 'Disease') :: ['dextrocardia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial infection']

entities_list: @entity16179 :: ('MESH:D007619', 'Disease') :: ["Kartagener's triad"]

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic serous otitis']

entities_list: @entity36064 :: ('MESH:D002925', 'Disease') :: ['immotile cilia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of motility']

entities_list: @entity1345 :: ('MESH:C566258', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of dynein arms']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['dyskinesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired nonmalignant @entity4501 in the adult @entity1 develops in a variety of conditions. We have applied surgical closure with success for 35 years. METHODS: From 1975 to 1991, 38 @entity1 underwent surgical repair of a @entity4501 . A retrospective study of 36 additional @entity1 undergoing surgical repair from 1992 to 2010 was conducted. RESULTS: The most common causes were postintubation injury (n=17, 47%), @entity130 (n=6, 17%), prior laryngectomy (n=6, 17%), and prior esophagectomy (n=4, 11%). Four @entity1 presented after failing @entity292 control with an endoluminal stent. The tracheal defect was closed with resection and reconstruction (n=17, 41%), laryngotracheal resection (n=5, 12%), membranous tracheal repair (n=17, 41%), or repair over a tracheal T tube (n=2, 5%), while esophageal repair consisted of 2-layer closure (n=31, 78%), 1-layer closure (n=6, 15%), esophagostomy (n=1, 3%), end-to-end esophageal @entity254 (n=1, 3%), or full thickness skin graft reconstruction (n=1, 3%). The esophageal and tracheal repairs were buttressed by interposing pedicled muscle or omental flaps in all @entity1 . There was 1 postoperative @entity204 (3%). Recurrence after repair developed only in @entity292 arising after esophagectomy or laryngectomy (n=4, 11%). Fistula closure was ultimately successful in 34 @entity1 (94%). Twenty-nine @entity1 (83%) resumed oral intake and 25 @entity1 (71%) were breathing without a tracheal appliance. CONCLUSIONS: Successful closure of benign @entity4501 is achieved with several surgical techniques based on buttressed repair and restoration of normal breathing and swallowing. Closure of complex postsurgical @entity292 may fail. Endoluminal stenting was not found useful.

title: Surgical treatment of nonmalignant XXXX : a thirty-five year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']


abstract: Clinical and experimental heart irradiation can cause a variety of sequelae. A single dose of greater than or equal to 15 Gy leads to a reversible @entity2396 , occurring in @entity235 , @entity95 or @entity35 at around 100 days. Its time-course is very similar in all species investigated, but there are considerable species and strain differences in severity and incidence. After longer, dose-dependent latency times chronic @entity712 develops. At histological examination @entity296 and @entity39 is observed, which in some species is accompanied by a variable degree of @entity82 . In @entity95 and @entity35 , @entity296 becomes apparent at around 70 days after 20 Gy and is preceded by a marked reduction in capillary density as well as ultrastructural endothelial cell degeneration. Simultaneously to structural @entity16 , a focal loss of the endothelial marker enzyme alkaline phosphatase was observed in @entity35 in areas with subsequent @entity296 . Cell kinetic studies in @entity95 and @entity35 revealed a radiation-induced wave of increased endothelial cell proliferation at 30-100 days postirradiation. In the @entity35 it is exclusively seen in conjunction with alteration of endothelial cell marker enzymes. The temporal and spatial pattern of proliferative response exludes endothelial cell death in mitosis as the sole pathogenetic mechanism causing capillary loss and @entity296 . Parallel to development of morphological damage, haemodynamic studies in various @entity35 strains revealed a drop in cardiac output and left ventricular ejection fraction to about 64% of normal values after 20 Gy. In vivo, this slightly reduced cardiac function was then maintained in a steady state for many weeks, probably due to a compensatory up-regulation of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors. In denervated working heart preparations in vitro, however, these compensatory mechanisms are not effective and @entity64 volume as well as cardiac contractility show a rapid and steady deterioration. In many respects radiation-induced @entity299 conforms to radiobiological concepts of late-responding tissues, showing a chronic progressive time-course and a very pronounced fractionation effect. However, pathogenesis cannot be understood in terms of target cell depletion alone, and experimental evidence indicates the importance of alterations of regulatory mechanisms.

title: Radiation-induced XXXX : review of experimental data on dose response and pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive myocardial failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial degeneration']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['capillary damage']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['exudative pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: @entity1779 may cause @entity73 . Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a noninvasive diagnostic tool for assessment of cerebral function. A total of 174 @entity1 (including cognitively impaired and cognitively normal) with @entity1779 , and 120 healthy @entity1 (CN), were recruited between August 2008 and July 2012 at the Department of Neurology. EEG was used to analyze cerebral function of @entity1 and normal @entity1 . Correlation, clustering and concordance analyses were performed to analyze the relationship between EEG power and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. @entity73 @entity1 had a significantly decreased EEG beta power (0.793    0.176   V(2)) compared with cognitively normal @entity1 (1.589    0.205   V(2), P < .01) or healthy @entity1 (1.651    0.185   V(2), P < .01). Significantly negative correlations between beta power and @entity548 region, size, amount, and @entity1 ' age were apparent (r = -0.91888, -0.78569, -0.84961, and -0.80365, respectively, all Ps < .001). There was good concordance between the K-means clustering algorithm calculating beta power and MoCA scoring (k = .904, P < .001). In conclusion, the analysis method of EEG (beta power) abnormalities holds considerable promise to assess @entity73 after @entity1779 . @entity73 was negatively correlated to @entity548 region, size, amount, and age.

title: Electroencephalogram analysis: an early diagnostic method for assessing @entity73 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitively impaired', 'cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral hemorrhage', 'cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: A novel Kunitz-type @entity563 proteinase inhibitor, termed PIVL, was purified to homogeneity from the venom of the Tunisian snake Macrovipera lebetina transmediterranea. It is a monomeric polypeptide chain cross-linked by three @entity1520 linkages with an isotope-averaged molecular mass of 7691.7 Da. The 67-residue full-length PIVL sequence was deduced from a venom gland cDNA clone. Structurally, PIVL is built by a single Kunitz/BPTI-like domain. Functionally, it is able to specifically inhibit trypsin activity. Interestingly, PIVL exhibits an anti- @entity5 effect and displays integrin inhibitory activity without being cytotoxic. Here we show that PIVL is able to dose-dependently inhibit the adhesion, migration and invasion of @entity1 @entity463 U87 cells. Our results also show that PIVL impairs the function of avb3 and to a lesser extent, the activity of avb6, avb5, a1b1 and a5b1 integrins. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the (41)RGN(43) motif of PIVL is likely responsible for its anti- @entity5 effect. By using time lapse videomicroscopy, we found that PIVL significantly reduced U87 cells motility and affected cell directionality persistence by 68%. These findings reveal novel pharmacological effects for a Kunitz-type @entity563 proteinase inhibitor.

title: PIVL, a new XXXX protease inhibitor from Macrovipera lebetina transmediterranea venom, impairs motility of @entity1 @entity463 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: There is extensive evidence that fish from waters with @entity3215 ( @entity5241 )-contaminated sediments accumulate @entity3215 and related chemicals and that @entity1 who eat fish from contaminated waters have higher body burdens of @entity3215 and @entity5241 metabolites than those who do not. @entity3215 and their metabolites are potentially toxic; thus, it is important to @entity1 health to understand the uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of @entity3215 in fish since these processes determine the extent of accumulation. The intestinal uptake of @entity3215 present in the diet of fish into fish tissues is a process that is influenced by the lipid composition of the diet. Biotransformation of @entity3215 in fish, as in mammals, facilitates elimination, although many @entity5241 congeners are recalcitrant to biotransformation in fish and mammals. Sequential biotransformation of @entity3215 by cytochrome P450 and conjugation pathways is even less efficient in fish than in @entity1 species, thus contributing to the retention of @entity3215 in fish tissues. A very important factor influencing overall @entity5241 disposition in fish is water temperature. Seasonal changes in water temperature produce adaptive physiological and biochemical changes in fish. While uptake of @entity3215 from the diet is similar in fish acclimated to winter or summer temperatures, there is evidence that elimination of @entity3215 occurs much more slowly when the fish is acclimated at low temperatures than at warmer temperatures. Research to date suggests that the processes of elimination of @entity3215 are modulated by several factors in fish including seasonal changes in water temperature. Thus, the body burden of @entity3215 in fish from a contaminated location is likely to vary with season.

title: Seasonal influences on XXXX retention and biotransformation in fish.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

answer: @entity5241 :: (CHEBI:47136,Chemical) :: ['PCB']


abstract: The technique of cerebral protection during hypothermic @entity1167 remains controversial. Forty-seven @entity1 underwent operations for @entity1129 aortic dissection in the past 9 years. During hypothermic @entity1167 , selective cerebral perfusion and retrograde cerebral perfusion was applied in 12 and seven @entity1 , respectively. The mortality rate was 28.6% in @entity1 without adjunctive cerebral perfusion, 25.0% in selective cerebral perfusion @entity1 , and zero in the retrograde cerebral perfusion group (P > 0.05). However, there was no mortality by @entity131 in cerebral perfusion groups (P = 0.03). Age (P = 0.001), hypothermic @entity1167 time (P = 0.012), and acuity (P = 0.013) were predisposing factors for @entity131 , but cerebral perfusion has not yet been found to be a protective factor (P = 0.56). Nine late reoperations and three @entity204 occurred during the follow-up period. @entity1614 was the only predisposing factor for late reoperation (P = 0.016). In summary, although further studies are still required, retrograde cerebral perfusion is a possible cerebral protective factor. In addition, periodic follow-up is mandatory, especially in @entity1 with @entity1614 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX aortic dissection: evaluation of predisposing factors for postoperative neurologic complication and late reoperation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

answer: @entity1129 :: (MESH:D001260,Disease) :: ['type A']


abstract: PURPOSE: Purpose of the study was to compare radiological treatment response according to RECIST, Choi and volumetry in @entity677 - @entity1 under 2nd-line- @entity2240 -therapy and to correlate the results of treatment response assessment with disease-specific survival (DSS). @entity1 AND METHODS: 20 @entity1 (mean: 60.7 years; 12 male/8 female) with histologically proven @entity677 underwent baseline-CT of the abdomen under @entity2213 and follow-up-CTs 3 months and 1 year after change to @entity2240 . 68 target lesions (50 hepatic, 18 extrahepatic) were investigated. Therapy response (partial response (PR), @entity66 ( @entity66 ), @entity74 ( @entity74 )) was evaluated according to RECIST, Choi and volumetric criteria. Response according to the different assessment systems was compared and correlated to the DSS of the @entity1 utilizing Kaplan-Meier statistics. RESULTS: The mean DSS (in months) of the response groups 3 months after therapy change was: RECIST: PR (0/20); @entity66 (17/20): 30.4 (months); @entity74 (3/20) 11.6. Choi: PR (10/20) 28.6; @entity66 (8/20) 28.1; @entity74 (2/20) 13.5. Volumetry: PR (4/20) 29.6; @entity66 (11/20) 29.7; @entity74 (5/20) 17.2. Response groups after 1 year of @entity2240 showed the following mean DSS: RECIST: PR (3/20) 33.6; @entity66 (9/20) 29.7; @entity74 (8/20) 20.3. Choi: PR (10/20) 21.5; @entity66 (4/20) 42.9; @entity74 (6/20) 23.9. Volumetry: PR (6/20) 27.3; @entity66 (5/20) 38.5; @entity74 (9/20) 19.3. CONCLUSION: One year after modification of therapy, only partial response according to RECIST indicated favorable survival in @entity1 with @entity677 . The value of alternate response assessment strategies like Choi criteria for prediction of survival in molecular therapy still has to be demonstrated.

title: Tumor response and clinical outcome in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors under XXXX therapy: comparison of RECIST, Choi and volumetric criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: A new operative approach has been designed for the relief of medically intractable @entity1625 . It is intended particularly to be used in those cases where the @entity75 lies in "unresectable" cortex; that is, those cerebral regions subserving speech, memory, and primary motor and sensory function. The procedure is based upon experimental evidence indicating 1) that epileptogenic discharge requires substantial side-to-side or horizontal interaction of cortical neurons, and 2) that the major functional properties of cortical tissue depend upon the vertical fiber connections of the columnar units. The technique requires severing of tangential intracortical fibers while preserving the vertical fiber connections of both incoming and outgoing nerve pathways and of the penetrating blood vessels which also have a vertical orientation. In this study, the effect of multiple subpial transection was assessed on both function and @entity410 control. The effect on function was reviewed in 32 cases; only 20 cases were evaluated with respect to @entity410 control, since a follow-up period of 5 years or more (5 to 22 years) is required before conclusions can be drawn. Multiple subpial transection was applied to the precentral gyrus in 16 cases, the postcentral gyrus in six, Broca's area in five, and @entity244 in five. With respect to function, the major finding was that none of the 32 @entity1 has suffered a clinically significant behavioral deficit (although @entity51 could be detected by careful neurological examination). Complete control of @entity410 has been obtained in 11 (55%) of the 20 cases evaluated. Nine @entity1 developed recurrent @entity410 consequent to progressive disease unsuspected before operation (Rasmussen's @entity198 in five, @entity5 in three, and subacute @entity8300 in one). In none of these cases, however, did the recurrent @entity410 arise in the transected zone. Thus, the results indicate that multiple subpial transection is about as effective as standard excisional therapy, and can be successfully employed when @entity75 encroach upon cortical territories, the removal of which would be functionally incapacitating.

title: Multiple subpial transection: a new approach to the surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic lesions', 'epileptogenic lesion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['subtle deficits']

entities_list: @entity8300 :: ('MESH:D013344', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing panencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's area"]

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['focal epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: We analyzed the anatomical and visual outcomes after surgical treatment of @entity937 with pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling using @entity28912 dye, and @entity1346 oil tamponade without postoperative posturing. METHODS: This was a retrospective interventional study of 10 eyes in eight @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment of @entity937 using pars plana vitrectomy, ILM peeling using @entity28912 dye, and @entity1346 oil tamponade without postoperative posturing. The preoperative staging of macular holes and postoperative anatomic outcomes were assessed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: All @entity1 were @entity1 with a mean age of 66.86    4.8 years. In two @entity1 , bilateral macular holes were present and both eyes were operated on. Stage 2 macular hole was diagnosed in three eyes, three eyes had stage 3, and four eyes had stage 4 macular holes. Anatomical success and closure of the macular hole was achieved in nine eyes (90%) after one operation. In one eye, the macular hole was closed after reoperation. The preoperative mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.15 decimal units (0.8 logMAR units). Until the end of the follow-up period, BCVA was 0.25 decimal units (0.6 logMAR units). Visual acuity was improved in seven @entity1 (70%). In two @entity1 (20%), visual acuity remained at the same level, and in one eye (10%), visual acuity decreased. Postoperatively, all @entity1 reported a significant reduction of metamorphopsia. CONCLUSION: Initial results after 20G pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the ILM, use of dye ( @entity28912 ), and tamponade with @entity1346 oil without postoperative posturing gave good anatomical and functional outcome in terms of visual acuity and reduction of metamorphopsia. Taking into account the age of the @entity1 , this method, which does not require prolonged postoperative face-down posturing, was well tolerated by the @entity1 . Because the anatomical and visual outcome as well as the rate of @entity260 are comparable to those when gas is used as a tamponading agent, @entity1346 oil tamponade can also be safely used as a first option in surgery of macular holes. However, a longer period of follow-up of the operated eyes, as well as a larger group of operated eyes, will be required to identify long-term outcomes of this surgical treatment.

title: Treatment of idiopathic macular hole with XXXX oil tamponade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28912 :: ('MESH:C006796', 'Chemical') :: ['Brilliant Blue']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic macular holes']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Protein anabolism is abnormal in @entity1 type 2 @entity6 (T2DM). We review studies of anabolic stimuli that identify potential causes. If uncorrected, and combined with aging effects, they will compromise muscle function and mass. Knowing causes can guide studies of preventive and treatment measures. RECENT FINDINGS: T2DM accelerates age-related decreases in muscle mass. This could be related to insulin resistance of whole-body protein anabolism demonstrated in hyperglycemic @entity28 @entity1 . In contrast, their protein anabolic response to hyperaminoacidemia suggested that ample @entity535 administration, especially branched chain @entity1522 might overcome such insulin resistance. One study of chronic @entity368 supplementation in elderly T2DM @entity1 did not increase muscle mass. However, they lacked @entity6288 and had adequate dietary protein intake, so may be atypical. Exercise induced similar increases in muscle protein synthesis, mass and strength in healthy and T2DM @entity1 suggesting that physical activity might also overcome insulin resistance of protein anabolism. SUMMARY: Muscle protein anabolism in T2DM is resistant to the action of insulin but perhaps not to @entity535 supply or exercise. Whether @entity368 supplementation improves muscle mass and function in @entity1 with T2DM (especially elderly) with reduced protein intake or muscle mass needs to be determined.

title: Muscle protein anabolism in type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence in normal pregnancies of anti-32 glycoprotein I (anti- @entity9500 ) antibodies, and their association with @entity532 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of anti- @entity9500 and anticardiolipin (CL) antibodies in 510 healthy pregnant @entity1 at 15-18 weeks. According to the results, @entity1 were categorized into three groups: group I, negative for both antibodies; group II, positive for anti- @entity9500 antibodies; group III, positive for aCL only. The rates of fetal loss, @entity5869 , @entity1468 , and @entity1592 were compared in the three groups. RESULTS: Anti- @entity9500 antibodies were found in 20 @entity1 (3.9%) and aCL in 8 @entity1 (1.6%). @entity532 were more frequent, even if not significantly different, in group II, 15%, than in group I, 4.1% (difference 10.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6-20.2%; p=0.0575), while no complications were seen in group III. @entity1468 were significantly more frequent in group II (10%) than in group I (0.8%; difference 9.2%; 95% CI: 4.4-14%; p=0.021). The prevalence of @entity1592 was not significantly different in the two groups (5% vs. 2%, respectively). COMMENT: Our findings indicate that anti- @entity9500 antibodies are associated with some @entity532 , mainly @entity1468 , even if more conventional antiphospholipid antibodies are not present. This observation suggests that these antibodies should be investigated in such cases, in order to improve the outcome of subsequent pregnancies, as well as in @entity1 with a history of early and/or recurrent severe @entity1468 in order to start a prophylactic treatment (i.e. low-dose @entity117 or heparin).

title: Anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I antibodies in a general obstetric population: preliminary results on the prevalence and correlation with pregnancy outcome. Anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies are associated with some XXXX , mainly @entity1468 .

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['obstetrical complications', 'Obstetrical complications']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['abruptio placentae']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Preeclampsia-eclampsia', 'preeclampsia-eclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['obstetrical complications']


abstract: Standard treatment for @entity1211 is parenteral heparin followed by @entity1229 . In this study we assess whether a standardized method of ordering @entity1229 reduces the duration of hospitalization. Consecutive @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity1229 managed by attending physicians or by a nomogram. @entity1 were stratified according to primary or @entity1211 . Prothrombin times were measured daily and heparin was given for a minimum of 5 days and stopped when the International Normalized Ratio was >1.9. @entity1 were followed for 3 months. There were 111 @entity1 , 80 with primary and 31 with @entity1211 . Overall there were no differences between the two @entity1229 groups with respect to length of admission. Given the prolonged duration of admission in many @entity1 with @entity1211 , a subset analysis was conducted on the 80 @entity1 with @entity1211 . @entity1 in the standard group stayed significantly longer than @entity1 in the nomogram group (6.0 vs. 5.6 days, p = 0.02). The @entity1229 nomogram as tested is safe and leads to a significantly shorter length of stay for @entity1 with @entity1211 as compared to standard practice.

title: Randomized assessment of a XXXX nomogram for initial oral anticoagulation after @entity1211 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['primary venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism', 'secondary venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine: (1) the pharmacokinetics and safety of an investigational @entity38734 active against multidrug-resistant @entity311 parasites (AQ-13), including its effects on the QT interval, and (2) whether it has pharmacokinetic and safety profiles similar to @entity503 (CQ) in @entity1 . DESIGN: Phase I double-blind, randomized controlled trials to compare AQ-13 and CQ in healthy volunteers. Randomizations were performed at each step after completion of the previous dose. SETTING: Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center in New Orleans. @entity1 : 126 healthy adults 21-45 years of age. INTERVENTIONS: 10, 100, 300, 600, and 1,500 mg oral doses of CQ base in comparison with equivalent doses of AQ-13. OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and laboratory adverse events (AEs), pharmacokinetic parameters, and @entity1162 . RESULTS: No hematologic, @entity99 was observed with AQ-13 or CQ at any dose tested. @entity10 , lightheadedness/ @entity1296 , and gastrointestinal (GI) tract-related symptoms were the most common AEs. Although symptoms were more frequent with AQ-13, the numbers of volunteers who experienced symptoms with AQ-13 and CQ were similar (for AQ-13 and CQ, respectively: @entity10 , 17/63 and 10/63, p = 0.2; lightheadedness/ @entity1296 , 11/63 and 8/63, p = 0.6; GI symptoms, 14/63 and 13/63; p = 0.9). Both AQ-13 and CQ exhibited linear pharmacokinetics. However, AQ-13 was cleared more rapidly than CQ (respectively, median oral clearance 14.0-14.7 l/h versus 9.5-11.3 l/h; p < or = 0.03). QTc prolongation was greater with CQ than AQ-13 (CQ: mean increase of 28 ms; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18 to 38 ms, versus AQ-13: mean increase of 10 ms; 95% CI, 2 to 17 ms; p = 0.01). There were no @entity943 or other cardiac AEs with either AQ-13 or CQ. CONCLUSIONS: These studies revealed minimal differences in toxicity between AQ-13 and CQ, and similar linear pharmacokinetics.

title: Randomized dose-ranging controlled trial of AQ-13, a candidate antimalarial, and XXXX in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT prolongation']

entities_list: @entity38734 :: ('CHEBI:36709', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoquinoline']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic, renal, or other organ toxicity']

answer: @entity503 :: (MESH:D002738,Chemical) :: ['chloroquine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2106 is rare and is even rarer in childhood. Clinically, it is characterized by microangiopathic @entity5714 , @entity882 , @entity16 , @entity221 and @entity8 . The etiology is still unknown, although different factors such as large @entity2880 factor multimers and @entity4770 have been implicated. The acute form is more frequent, and in most cases the course is fulminant if treatment is not initiated. Laboratory data typically reveal @entity5714 , with schistocytes on the peripheral smear, diminished serum @entity2104 , and @entity882 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present the clinical cases of two @entity1 , aged 4 and 7 respectively, with @entity2106 , but with different evolution and treatment. Evolution was favorable in both @entity1 . The first @entity1 recovered spontaneously. In the second plasmapheresis was required and produced remission of all the symptomatology. Normality has been maintained for 36 and 24 months respectively, and the @entity1 have presented no clinico-biological alterations.

title: [ @entity2106 and XXXX . @entity2106 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', "Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or Moschovitz' syndrome"]

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity927 ( @entity928 ) reduces @entity190 in @entity1 undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, few studies have reported the optimum timing and dosage for administration of @entity928 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeat-dose @entity928 on @entity190 during TKA and the necessity of autologous blood donation or postoperative autotransfusion. METHODS: We enrolled 78 @entity1 with @entity571 undergoing cemented TKAs. Consecutive @entity1 were divided into three groups, as follows: control group (n   =   31), single- @entity928 group (n   =   21) in whom @entity928 (1,000  mg) was intravenously administered 10  min before deflation of the tourniquet, and twice- @entity928 group (n   =   26) in whom @entity928 (1,000  mg) was intravenously administered 10  min before deflation of the tourniquet and 3  h after the operation. We measured the volume of drained blood after the operation. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured at days 1, 4 and 7 postoperation. @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) were screened using compression ultrasonography at enrollment and 1  and 7  days after operation. RESULTS: The mean volume of drained blood after the operation was lower in the twice- @entity928 group than in the single- @entity928 (p   <   0.001) and control (p   <   0.0001) groups. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of @entity1211 between these groups. CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity928 twice reduced postoperative @entity190 after TKA, and @entity928 was not associated with the risk of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). Further, administration of @entity928 twice may eliminate the need for blood transfusion during TKA.

title: Repeat-dose intravenous @entity927 further decreases XXXX in total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['Tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolic events', 'VTE']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Treatment with @entity10831 inhibitors (5ARI) is commonly utilized for the treatment of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). The true prevalence of @entity458 with 5ARI treatment is currently unknown. AREAS COVERED: The current article reviews the reported adverse effects of 5ARI in regard to erectile function, sexual desire and ejaculation. A PubMed search was performed of all articles from 1990 to present, which reported any @entity458 with @entity585 or @entity16503 . Preference was given to more recent and @entity1 studies where available. EXPERT OPINION: Clinical trials with 5ARI report prevalence rates of de novo @entity323 of 5 - 9%. Decreased circulating @entity586 ( @entity587 ) resulting from 5ARI use is associated with @entity458 . The presence of adverse sexual effects is associated with decreased self-esteem, quality of life and ability to maintain an intimate relationship. Inhibition of 5ARI additionally influences @entity1420 and @entity8147 levels and may alter psychological functions, including increased @entity308 , melancholy and loss of general well being. @entity409 has not been well studied in @entity1 using 5ARI. @entity1 receiving therapy with 5ARI should be counseled as to potential @entity458 . Future clinical studies are needed to further investigate the @entity458 associated with this class of drugs.

title: Effects of XXXX inhibitors on erectile function, sexual desire and ejaculation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Ejaculatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['diminished sexual desire and/or orgasm', 'sexual and psychological adverse effects', 'sexual side effects']

entities_list: @entity8147 :: ('MESH:D003900', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycorticosterone']

entities_list: @entity16503 :: ('MESH:C108373', 'Chemical') :: ['dutasteride']

answer: @entity10831 :: (6715,Gene) :: ['5-alpha reductase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As part of a large multidisciplinary project to reduce cost, decrease hospital length of stay, and improve efficiency of @entity1 care at Saint Mary's Hospital, a clinical pathway for @entity55 was developed and implemented. METHODS: After using analysis of severity-adjusted data to determine which conditions would be best targets for improvement, a utilization management steering committee created a multidisciplinary group to develop a clinical pathway for @entity55 . This group was led by physician champions and consisted of representatives from nursing, respiratory therapy, pharmacy, and home healthcare. With information gained from chart abstraction, which identified "best practice" patterns, guidance from the medical literature, and local expertise, this group developed a clinical pathway that included an auxiliary protocol for respiratory care and a detailed educational brochure for @entity1 . Before implementing the clinical pathway, extensive educational activities were undertaken involving the medical staff, house staff, nurses, and other staff. Data collected on consecutive @entity1 discharged after implementation of the pathway were compared with data collected on @entity1 discharged before the pathway in 1994. RESULTS: For DRG 89, the @entity1 who were on the pathway in comparison to the control @entity1 from 1994 had a lower average length of stay by 1.45 days (5.84 vs. 7.29 days) and a lower average total charge by  1,453 ( 9,511 vs.  10,964). For DRG 90, the @entity1 who were on the pathway in comparison to the control @entity1 from 1994 had a lower average length of stay by 1.83 days (3.45 vs. 5.28 days) and a lower average total charge by  1319 ( 5450 vs.  6769). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity55 clinical pathway that was implemented was associated with reductions in the length of stay and total charges. These reductions were seen in relationship to historical controls and to @entity1 cared for concurrently who were not placed on the pathway. Although not fully used on all @entity55 @entity1 , the presence of the pathway probably had some positive effects even on @entity1 not formally on the pathway, through systems changes and educational influences. The pathway also positively influenced other conditions by the use of ancillary algorithms for conditions other than @entity55 , and the more rapid administration of antibiotics for other @entity166 . Also, lessons learned in the creation of this first pathway have been helpful in streamlining the process of future pathway development.

title: Clinical pathway for XXXX : development, implementation, and initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: We evaluated the @entity137 of three insecticides ( @entity4204 , @entity34258 , and @entity43732 ) to the natural enemies Bracon mellitor Say, Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), Geocoris punctipes (Say), and Hippodamia convergens Gu  rin-M  neville, in topical, residual, and field assays. @entity4204 exhibited the greatest @entity137 to the natural enemies. In topical @entity137 tests, @entity4204 adversely affected each natural enemy species studied. Residues of @entity4204 on @entity2708 leaves were toxic to B. mellitor, C. nigriceps, @entity22635 , and C. punctipes. Interestingly, residues of this insecticide were not very toxic to C. marginiventris and H. convergens. Geocoris punctipes and @entity22635 numbers in the field generally were significantly lower for @entity4204 treatments than for the other four treatments, substantiating the previous tests. Although @entity2708 aphids began to increase over all treatments around the middle of the test period, the number of @entity2708 aphids in the @entity4204 plots was significantly higher than the number in any of the other treatments. As @entity2708 aphids increased in @entity4204 field plots, the predator H. convergens also increased in number, indicating that @entity4204 did not adversely affect it in accordance with the residual tests. Spinosad exhibited marginal to excellent selectivity, but was highly toxic to each parasitoid species and G. punctipes in topical @entity137 tests and to B. mellitor in residual tests. Spinosad generally did not affect the number of G. punctipes, H. convergens, and @entity22635 in the field except for one day after the second application for G. punctipes. @entity43732 exhibited good to excellent selectivity to the natural enemies. Some reduction of G. punctipes occurred for only a short period after the first and second application of this insecticide in the field. H. convergens and @entity22635 were affected very little by @entity43732 .

title: Effect of selected insecticides on the natural enemies Coleomegilla maculata and Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), and Bracon mellitor, Cardiochiles nigriceps, and Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4204 :: ('MESH:C037304', 'Chemical') :: ['lambda cyhalothrin', 'Lambda cyhalothrin']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: AIM: To examine whether the administration of @entity2993 and @entity8671 would prevent experimentally-induced @entity1575 in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity1575 was induced by injections of @entity7008 ( @entity2796 ). @entity35 were treated concurrently with @entity2796 alone or @entity2796 and either @entity2993 (1,10 and 20 mg/kg) or @entity8671 (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) given daily by nasogastric gavage. RESULTS: @entity1575 and hepatic @entity720 content, in the @entity2796 -treated group was significantly higher than those of the controls [11.5    3.2 vs 2.6    0.6 mg/g protein (P = 0.02)]. There were no differences in serum aminotransferase levels in the @entity2796 controls compared to all the groups treated concomitantly by @entity6817 . Both statins used in our study did not prevent liver @entity82 or reduce portal @entity101 , and had no effect on hepatic oxidative stress. Accordingly, the hepatic level of @entity1234 was not lower in those groups treated by @entity2796 + statins compared to @entity2796 only. In vitro studies, using the BrdU method have shown that @entity2993 had no effect of hepatic stellate cells proliferation. Nevertheless, statin treatment was not associated with worsening of @entity409 , portal @entity101 or survival rate. CONCLUSION: @entity2993 or @entity8671 did not inhibit @entity2796 -induced liver @entity82 or oxidative stress in @entity35 . Whether statins may have therapeutic applications in @entity1575 due to other etiologies deserve further investigation.

title: @entity2993 and @entity8671 do not prevent XXXX induced liver @entity82 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis', 'hepatic fibrosis', 'Liver cirrhosis', 'Liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity7008 :: (MESH:D013853,Chemical) :: ['thioacetamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Describe the cause of @entity204 among @entity1 with postdiarrheal @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) and identify predictors of @entity204 at the time of hospital admission. METHODS: Case-control study of 17 @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity1381 identified from the Intermountain @entity1381 @entity1 Registry (1970-2003) compared against all nonfatal cases. RESULTS: Of the 17 total @entity204 , 15 died during the acute phase of disease. Two died because treatment was withdrawn based on their preexisting conditions, and 1 died because of @entity2293 ; they were excluded from analysis. Brain involvement was the most common cause of @entity204 (8 of 12); @entity712 , @entity548 , and @entity4144 were infrequent causes. Presence of prodromal lethargy, oligoanuria, or @entity410 and white blood cell count (WBC) >20 x 10(9)/L or hematocrit >23% on admission were predictive of @entity204 . In multivariate analysis, elevated WBC and elevated hematocrit were independent predictors. The combination of prodromal @entity2700 , @entity1458 , and lethargy and admission WBC values >20 x 10(9)/L and hematocrit >23% appeared in 7 of the 12 acute-phase @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Diarrheal @entity1381 @entity1 presenting with oligoanuria, @entity2700 , WBC >20 x 10(9)/L, and hematocrit >23% are at substantial risk for fatal @entity1381 . Such individuals should be referred to pediatric tertiary care centers.

title: Predictors of fatality in postdiarrheal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']