abstract: A subset of @entity1 develops persistent @entity2690 autoantibodies ( @entity6207 ; almost always as the only islet autoantibody) without evidence of progression to @entity6 . The aim of the current study was the development and characterization of the performance of a nonradioactive fluid phase @entity6207 assay in relation to standard @entity6207 radioassay. We developed a nonradioactive @entity6207 assay where bivalent @entity6207 cross-link two @entity2690 moieties in a fluid phase. The serum samples positive for anti-islet autoantibodies from 150 newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity6 (Barbara Davis Center plus @entity6 Autoantibody Standardization Program [DASP] workshop) and 70 @entity5710 subjects who were followed to @entity6 were studied. In addition, sequential samples from 64 nondiabetic subjects who were persistently @entity6207 (+) were analyzed. With 99th percentile of specificity, the new assay with the technology from Meso Scale Discovery Company (MSD- @entity6207 ) detects as positive 61% (61 of 100) of new-onset @entity1 and 80% (56 of 70) of @entity5710 @entity1 compared with our current fluid phase micro- @entity6207 radioassay (mIAA; 44 and 74%, respectively). In addition, MSD- @entity6207 demonstrated better sensitivity than our mIAA from blinded DASP workshop (68 vs. 56% with the same 99% specificity). Of 64 @entity6207 (+) nondiabetic subjects, 25% (8 of 32) who had only @entity6207 and thus the low risk for progression to @entity6 were positive with MSD- @entity6207 assay. In contrast, 100% (32 of 32) high-risk @entity1 ( @entity6207 plus other islet autoantibodies) were positive with MSD- @entity6207 . The @entity6207 detectable by radioassay, but not MSD- @entity6207 , were usually of lower affinity compared with the @entity6207 of the high-risk @entity1 . These data suggest that a subset of @entity6207 with current radioassay (not MSD- @entity6207 ) represents biologic false positives in terms of autoimmunity leading to @entity6 . We hypothesize that factors related to the mechanism of @entity393 leading to @entity6 determine high affinity and MSD- @entity6207 reactivity.

title: Distinguishing persistent @entity2690 autoantibodies with differential risk: nonradioactive bivalent XXXX / @entity2690 autoantibody assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetic']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of tolerance']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['proinsulin']


abstract: Considering whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for asymptomatic brain metastases can reduce performance status and delay systemic treatment, primary chemotherapy can be a feasible alternative treatment. Good and rapid response to epidermal growth factor @entity669 kinase inhibitor ( @entity470 TKI) treatment makes this an attractive option for never-smokers with @entity2220 . Between January 2005 and August 2007, 23 Korean never-smoking @entity1 with @entity2220 who had synchronous asymptomatic brain metastasis were consecutively treated with @entity470 TKI therapy, either @entity4562 250 mg or @entity3866 150 mg once daily, as first-line treatment after giving informed consent, until disease progression, unacceptable @entity137 or @entity1 's refusal. They have not received either any prior chemotherapy or any radiotherapy including stereotactic radiosurgery. Objective @entity5 responses were assessed 1 month after treatment and then every 2 months or when clinically indicated. Out of the 23 @entity1 treated, 16 achieved a PR and 3 experienced @entity66 ( @entity66 ) while 4 experienced @entity74 ( @entity74 ), resulting in a response rate of 69.6% and a disease control rate of 82.6%. @entity5 responses were observed in 17 @entity1 (73.9%). After a median follow-up of 21.8 months, the median progression-free and overall survival (OS) time was 7.1 and 18.8 months, respectively. Eleven @entity1 received WBRT with a median time-to-local-treatment for @entity5 of 19.3 months. In conclusion, @entity470 TKI treatment showed promising antitumor activity against both @entity5 in chemotherapy-na  ve never-smokers with @entity2220 . Therefore, these agents should be considered as the treatment of choice in this clinical setting.

title: @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors as a first-line therapy for never-smokers with XXXX having asymptomatic synchronous brain metastasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial and extracranial tumors', 'intracranial tumors', 'Intracranial tumor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']


abstract: Cytogenetic analysis of @entity1653 cells from one particular @entity1 (MN32) displayed the stem-line karyo-type 45, XY, -1, 4p+, 22q-, 22q+, which thus had rearrangements of both chromosomes 22. The 22q+ marker appeared as a dicentric: 22 pter----q11::1p11----qter. The reciprocal product of this translocation has presumably been lost because it lacked a centromere. The 22q- chromosome also appeared to have lost sequences distal to band q11. We assumed that this marker could have been the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 4 and 22. To investigate the 4p+ and 22q- chromosomes in more detail, @entity1 -hamster somatic cell hybrids were constructed that segregated the 22q- and 4p+ chromosomes. Southern blot analysis with DNA from these hybrids showed that sequences from 22q were indeed translocated to 4p+ and that reciprocally sequences from 4p were translocated to 22q-, demonstrating a balanced t(4;22)(p16;q11). On the basis of these results we presume that in this @entity5 a @entity5 -suppressor gene is deleted in the case of the 22q+ marker and that the t(4;22) disrupts the second allele of this gene. The latter translocation was mapped between D22S1 and D22S15, a distance of 1 cM on the linkage map of this chromosome. The area in which we have located the translocation is within the region where the gene predisposing to @entity8605 has been mapped.

title: A t(4;22) in a @entity1653 points to the localization of a putative XXXX -suppressor gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity8605 :: ('MESH:D016518', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis 2']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Inhibition of free radical mechanisms by @entity5532 , an @entity68 chelator, is often thought to be a good indicator of @entity68 -catalyzed @entity3787 radical ( @entity2145 ) production. The specificity of @entity5532 is critical for such identification. This study was undertaken to determine whether @entity5532 could prevent the in vitro cytotoxic reactions of @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ), a major neutrophil-derived oxidant. Red blood cells were used as a target for @entity9785 , and cell lysis and haemoglobin oxidation were measured. @entity5532 , and its @entity68 -chelated form, @entity33569 , were shown to prevent both effects of @entity9785 . However, @entity5532 was 6 to 8 times more efficient than either @entity33569 or @entity2226 , another @entity6115 which prevents @entity9785 -mediated cell lysis, in preventing both lysis and Hb oxidation. After reaction with @entity9785 , @entity33569 and @entity2226 retained almost all the oxidizing equivalents as long-lived @entity8013 . However, with @entity5532 less than half the oxidizing equivalents were recovered as @entity13492 indicating that sites other than the terminal @entity6115 reacted with @entity9785 . The @entity13492 formed were able to oxidize molecules in solution, but being hydrophilic they were confined to the extracellular medium and cell lysis did not occur. The results indicate that scavenging of @entity9785 could be a factor in the inhibition by @entity5532 of neutrophil-mediated cell lysis in vitro.

title: Inhibition of @entity9784 -mediated reactions by XXXX . Implications for the mechanism of cellular injury by neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['Desferrioxamine', 'desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity33569 :: ('MESH:C002577', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity8013 :: ('MESH:C030816', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramine']

entities_list: @entity13492 :: ('MESH:D002700', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramines']

answer: @entity5532 :: (MESH:D003676,Chemical) :: ['desferrioxamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the demographic characteristics, @entity5 stage, surgical treatment and recurrence rate among @entity1 operated with a juvenile @entity18871 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 45 @entity1 (44 males, 1 female; mean age 21 years, range 9 to 55 years) who underwent surgery at Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology clinic between March 2006 and July 2015. The @entity1 were classified according to age, sex, presenting symptom, @entity5 stage, surgical procedure applied, preoperative embolization, perioperative blood transfusion, complications, and the presence of recurrence. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms were @entity1415 (78%) and nasal obstruction (73%). Preoperative angiography was performed on all @entity1 and embolization was applied in eligible @entity1 (69%). Transnasal endoscopic approach in 31 @entity1 , @entity2094 in six @entity1 , and lateral rhinotomy approach in three @entity1 were applied. The overall recurrence rate was 31% (n=14). CONCLUSION: The most important factor in determining the risk of postoperative recurrence is the preoperative @entity5 stage. Preoperative embolization reduces the amount of perioperative @entity548 . Endoscopic transnasal approach decreases the rate of complications and length of hospitalization.

title: [A juvenile XXXX : our 10-year experience in a tertiary centre].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']

entities_list: @entity2094 :: ('MESH:C537559', 'Disease') :: ['midfacial degloving']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the morbidity of diaphragmatic peritonectomy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A Gynecology Department of a University Hospital. POPULATION: From 2005 to 2007, thirty-seven consecutive @entity1 underwent surgery for stage IIIC or IV @entity43 . METHODS: @entity1 were separated into a diaphragmatic surgery group (n = 18) and a control group (n = 19). Diaphragmatic surgery may consist of coagulation, stripping or muscle resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative course and outcome were analysed. RESULTS: @entity1 in group 1 (diaphragmatic surgery) underwent more intestinal resection (89% versus 37%, P = 0.01) and pelvic (94% versus 63%, P = 0.02) or para-aortic lymphadenectomy (94% versus 53%, P = 0.04). Neither the mean estimated @entity190 (960 ml versus 909 ml) nor the rates of intra-operative blood transfusion (11 versus 9) were significantly different between the two groups. The mean operative time was higher in group 1 (480 minutes versus 316 minutes, P < 0.05). There were thirteen postoperative complications in group 1 and eight in group 2 (P = 0.065). In group 1, the main complication was @entity1143 (seven cases): four @entity1 required secondary pleural drainage, two required only pleural puncture and one had both procedures. There were more complete cytoreduction in group 1 than in group 2 (89% versus 63%, P = 0.068). CONCLUSIONS: Diaphragm peritonectomies and resections are an effective way to cytoreduce diaphragm @entity189 and increase the rate of optimal debulking surgery. Such procedures frequently result in @entity1143 , but with no long-term morbidity.

title: Pulmonary morbidity of diaphragmatic surgery for stage III/IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether TNODS is an independent prognostic factor after adjusting for the lymph node ratio (LNR). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The medical literature has suggested that the TNODS is associated with better survival in stage II and III @entity694 . Thus TNODS was endorsed as a quality measure for @entity1 care by American College of Surgeons, National Quality Forum. There is, however, little biologic rationale to support this linkage. METHODS: : A total of 24,477 stage III @entity694 @entity1 were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry and categorized into 4 groups, LNR1 to LNR4, according to LNR interval: <0.07, 0.07 to 0.25, 0.25 to 0.50, and >0.50. @entity1 were also stratified according to TNODS into high TNODS (> or = 12) and low TNODS (<12) groups. The method of Kaplan-Meier was used to estimate the 5-year survival and the log-rank test was used to test the survival difference among the different groups. RESULTS: @entity1 with high TNODS have better survival compared with those with low TNODS (5-year survival 51.0% vs. 45.0%, P < 0.0001). However, after stratifying by LNR status, there was no significant survival difference between @entity1 with high TNODS and those with low TNODS within strata LNR2 (5-year survival 56.3% vs. 56.0%, P = 0.26). Ironically, @entity1 with high TNODS had significantly worse survival than those with low TNODS within strata LNR3 (5-year survival 41.2% vs. 47.4%, P = 0.0009) and LNR 4 (5-year survival 22.0% vs. 32.1%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The previously reported prognostic effect of TNODS on node-positive @entity694 was confounded by LNR. This observation calls into question the use of TNODS as a quality measure for @entity694 @entity1 ' care.

title: Should total number of lymph nodes be used as a quality of care measure for stage III XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the diagnosis of @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ). METHODS: A retrospective review of 657 @entity1 seen at the @entity5202 center of a tertiary care @entity1 's hospital between 1994 and 2007 was performed. Charts were reviewed for the 144 @entity1 who were also seen by the otolaryngology service. RESULTS: One hundred forty-four @entity1 received 193 otolaryngology-related diagnoses. @entity409 (27.5%) and @entity25 @entity1353 (24.9%) were the most common, followed by @entity1282 (13.0%), rhinosinusitis/nasal congestion (9.3%) and airway @entity850 (5.2%). Seventy-nine @entity1 (54.9%) had a pre-existing diagnosis of @entity5202 at the time of their otolaryngology consultation. Twenty-one @entity1 (14.6%) were referred to the gastroenterology service for evaluation for @entity5202 . Forty-four @entity1 (30.5%) remained undiagnosed. Twenty-five of these @entity1 presented with @entity1282 , 16 of whom were not previously diagnosed with @entity5202 ; only 4 of these 16 @entity1 were referred for evaluation for @entity5202 . In one case, a @entity1 with moderate sized tonsils underwent adenotonsillectomy for @entity1282 and @entity177 to thrive; this @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity5202 1 month post-operatively. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty percent of @entity1 with @entity5202 may require care by an otolaryngologist for a myriad of complaints. Even experienced pediatric otolaryngologists may not recognize this condition. Otolaryngologists should consider @entity5202 in @entity1 presenting with @entity1282 . A careful gastroenterology review of symptoms may also allow otolaryngologists to identify @entity5202 in @entity1 with @entity566 mediated nasal complaints, or @entity1030 .

title: Otolaryngologists may not be doing enough to diagnose pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['EE', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Eustachian tube dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal/airway disorders']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disordered']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The electroretinogram (ERG) is an appropriate method to evaluate the retinal function in a variety of animal models. In this study we present suitable conditions of stimulation and recording in the dark-adapted @entity19 . METHODS: @entity19 (n = 15) were dark-adapted during 14 hours and anesthetized with a single intraperitoneal injection of @entity4763 / @entity3652 . Pupils were dilated and a d.c.-silk- @entity575 electrode or a @entity19022 -contact-lens electrode was placed on the @entity267 . The electroretinogram (ERG) was obtained by Ganzfeld stimulation over a range of 6 log units of intensity (8 x 10(-2) - 8 x 104 cd/m2). Intensity, duration and the interval of the light stimuli were varied separately. RESULTS: Reproducible values of the intensity-response functions are obtained for the a-, b- and c-waves of the ERG under well controlled adaptation- and stimulus-conditions. C-wave amplitudes are best evaluated using d.c.-recording and a stimulus duration of 4 seconds. The position of the d.c.-silk- @entity575 electrode on the @entity267 can affect the ERG-amplitudes. Using a contact-lens electrode, the recorded b-wave amplitudes are on average 20% below those recorded with a centrally positioned d.c.-silk- @entity575 electrode. Stimulus-intervals of at least 60 seconds are recommended at high intensities. CONCLUSIONS: An unequivocal assessment of retinal function requires reproducible ERG-values over a wide range of intensities. To obtain these, well controlled and standardized experimental conditions are required.

title: [The electroretinogram (ERG) of the XXXX : normal values, optimal stimulation and recording].

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A 4-year prospective study was undertaken to estimate the incidence and identify the pathogenesis of cuff-induced major @entity16 . All tracheal tubes were implantation tested and the cuffs were of the high-volume low-pressure type. The cuff pressure was continuously monitored and maintained below 3kPa. During the period of the study, 684 @entity1 were intubated. Their average age was 33.6 years (range 14-296). The average intubation period was 9.3 days (range 1-256). At first, the damage was diagnosed clinically, radiologically and then confirmed by computed tomography. Three @entity1 (0.4%) developed lesions that were not related to excessive ( @entity2723 ). In this study @entity2723 control seems to have eliminated a known major cause of intubation-associated @entity130 . To date, there is no alternative to tracheal intubation. However the laryngeal mask seems ideal if invasion of the @entity825 is to be avoided altogether.

title: Postintubation XXXX . A four-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal injury']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['tracheal damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4327 is a collection of pus between the lungs and the chest wall. There is debate about treatment options with the advent of both fibrinolytic enzymes to facilitate tube drainage and less invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). OBJECTIVES: To determine which was more effective: surgical (using thoracoscopy or thoracotomy) or non-surgical techniques (thoracocentesis, chest tube drainage); and to establish whether there was an optimum time for intervention. SEARCH STRATEGY: In this updated review we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2005, issue 3) which contains the Acute @entity1729 Group's specialized register; MEDLINE (January 2002 to July Week 4, 2005); and EMBASE (January 2001 to 3rd Quarter 2005). Bibliographies, reference lists of identified studies and review articles were handsearched. Personal communication with authors is ongoing. There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of surgical techniques versus non-surgical approaches for treatment of pus in the @entity1143 in @entity1 and adults but not neonates. Studies of @entity3509 associated with @entity378 or @entity5 were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trial quality was assessed using Jadad criteria (Jadad 1996). Authors were contacted for missing information. The primary outcomes were @entity204 or resolution of the @entity3509 . Secondary outcomes addressed the length of time chest tubes were required, @entity158 , hospital stay and any complications. MAIN RESULTS: Only one small randomised study was identified. Some methodological quality considerations cast doubt on the validity of the study with regard to @entity1 selection, unclear allocation concealment and outcome assessor blinding and it scored 'B' overall (Jadad score 3). When compared with chest tube drainage combined with streptokinase, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) had a significantly higher primary treatment success and @entity1 spent less time in hospital. Each treatment group suffered one mortality. The latest search revealed no further published randomised studies but communication with authors revealed two ongoing studies comparing conventional chest tube drainage plus antibiotics with and without fibrinolytics with video-assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS). A small unpublished study is awaiting assessment that compared chest tube drainage and antibiotics with thoracoscopy or thoracotomy plus antibiotics. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: It seems that for large, loculated @entity4327 VATS is superior to chest tube drainage in terms of duration of chest tubes in situ and length of hospital stay. However, there are questions about validity in the one study which met the inclusion criteria and the study has too few @entity1 to draw conclusions. There are risks of complications (associated with all treatments) which may not be apparent with small numbers. Larger studies are needed.

title: WITHDRAWN: Surgical versus non-surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory Infections']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyemas', 'Pleural empyema']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity4327 :: (MESH:D016724,Disease) :: ['pleural empyema']


abstract: In this prospective study, we aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of @entity810 ( @entity810 ), determine oxidative stress, as well as to predict the outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity9231 ( @entity9231 ). The study included a total of 75 subjects; there were 25 adult @entity1 with acute severe @entity9231 and @entity810 , 25 adult @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity9231 without @entity810 , and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects who served as controls. In @entity1 with severe @entity9231 and @entity810 (n = 25), @entity177 was non-oliguric in 28% and oliguric in 72%. The average duration of @entity177 was 10.53    4.0 days. Sixty percent recovered and 40% died. All @entity1 with non-oliguric presentation recovered. The mean serum @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels were 0.82    0.43  mol/L, 2.97    1.11  mol/L, and 6.86    2.62  mol/L, respectively, in healthy controls, in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity9231 , and in those with severe @entity9231 with @entity810 . The Acute Physiology Age and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and the @entity4295 -Individual Severity Index (ATN-ISI) score were all significantly higher in the expired group (19    5.49) when compared to the survivor group (14.4    3.15) (P = 0.014). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that survival was low in @entity1 with delayed hospitalization and longer duration of symptoms. Also, we observed a high occurrence of @entity649 and central nervous system involvement among the @entity1 who expired.

title: @entity810 in XXXX : clinical characteristics, demonstration of oxidative stress, and prognostication.

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Tubular Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['FM', 'falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure', 'ARF']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the results of the Neuroform, Leo and Wingspan stents used to treat @entity438 in vessels of small caliber. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 12 cases of wide-necked @entity439 treated with stent deployment into small cerebral vessels with diameter range from 1.0 to 2.5 mm. All stents were deployed for @entity439 treatment in combination with coiling. @entity439 locations were as follows: A1 (n=4), anterior communicating artery (n=2), A2 (n=1), M1 (n=2), M2 (n=1) and P1 (n=2). Clinical follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months. Imaging follow-up (range: 3-6 months) was performed with cerebral angiography. RESULTS: Twelve self-expanding stents (six Neuroform stents, three Leo stents and three Wingspan stents) were deployed for 12 wide-necked @entity438 arising from vessels measuring < or =2.5 mm in diameter. Eleven procedures were successfully performed without immediate or delayed device-related complications with one stent misplacement. Intraprocedural @entity715 developed within the stent in one @entity1 . There were no clinical neurological symptoms related to the treated vessel territory at clinical follow-up. CONCLUSION: Development of newer small endovascular devices, such as Neuroform, Leo and Wingspan stents, allow access and ability to treat lesions farther out in the smaller cerebral vessels.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX with the use of stents in small cerebral vessels.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: CONTEXT: Products of at least five specific steroidogenic genes, including @entity27743 ( @entity27743 ), which facilitates the entry of cytosolic @entity165 into the mitochondrion, side chain cleavage P450 enzyme, @entity1816 -dehydrogenase-2, 17-hydroxylase/17-20-lyase, and aromatase, which catalyzes the final step, are necessary for the conversion of @entity165 to @entity172 . Expression and biological activity of @entity27743 and aromatase were previously demonstrated in @entity46 but not in normal endometrium. @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) induces aromatase expression via the transcriptional factor @entity27744 ) in @entity46 , which is opposed by @entity1573 -ovalbumin upstream-transcription factor (COUP-TF) and @entity3969 -1 ( @entity27745 ) in endometrium. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to demonstrate a complete steroidogenic pathway leading to @entity172 biosynthesis in endometriotic cells and the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate basal and @entity1421 -stimulated @entity172 production in endometriotic cells and endometrium. RESULTS: Compared with normal endometrial tissues, mRNA levels of @entity27743 , side chain cleavage P450, @entity1816 -dehydrogenase-2, 17-hydroxylase/17-20-lyase, aromatase, and @entity27744 were significantly higher in endometriotic tissues. @entity1421 induced the expression of all steroidogenic genes; production of @entity1420 , @entity1815 , and @entity53 ; and @entity27743 promoter activity in endometriotic cells. Overexpression of @entity27744 induced, whereas @entity27746 or @entity27745 suppressed, @entity27743 promoter activity. @entity1421 induced coordinate binding of @entity27744 to @entity27743 and aromatase promoters but decreased @entity27746 binding in endometriotic cells. @entity27746 or @entity27745 binding to both promoters was significantly higher in endometrial compared with endometriotic cells. CONCLUSION: Endometriotic cells contain the full complement of steroidogenic genes for de novo synthesis of @entity53 from @entity165 , which is stimulated by @entity1421 via enhanced binding of @entity27744 to promoters of @entity27743 and aromatase genes in a synchronous fashion.

title: @entity1421 via steroidogenic factor-1 coordinately regulates transcription of steroidogenic genes necessary for XXXX synthesis in @entity46 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity27743 :: ('395421(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['steroidogenic acute regulatory protein', 'StAR']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serous effusion smears reported as (suspicious for @entity5 ) pose problems in clinical management. @entity575 staining for argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) has proved useful in making a cytopathologic differential diagnosis between benign and malignant cells. Nucleolar organizer regions(NORs) are loops of DNA located in acrocentric chromosomes. These NORs are visualized by @entity575 staining technique that recognizes these argyrophilia associated proteins which are increased in @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to distinguish reactive mesothelial cells from malignant cells in serous effusions using these NORs. METHODS: A total of 174 serous effusions received at the Department of Pathology, TUTH, during a period of one year were included in the study. Smears were studied by conventional Papanicolaou and Giemsa stains. AgNOR counts, variation in size and dispersion of AgNOR dots in smears were graded and compared in malignant and non-malignant effusions. RESULTS: Mean AgNOR counts of 10.43+\-0.73 and 10.21+\-0.51 in malignant peritoneal and @entity1143 , respectively, were significantly (p < 0.0001) greater as compared with counts of 2.12 +\- 0.54 and 2.11 +\- 0.54 in non-malignant effusions. The AgNORs were irregular in shape in malignant effusions whereas they were comparatively larger, single dots in benign effusions. AgNOR size and dispersion were of higher grade in significantly greater proportion of malignant as compared with non malignant effusions (p < 0.0001). Of the cytologically suspicious samples, nine were in the malignant range and one was in the benign range. CONCLUSION: AgNOR study appears to be clinically useful as an additional diagnostic tool for use in serous effusion when the cytologic diagnosis is difficult.

title: The role of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNoR) study in cytological evalution of fluids, especially for detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity575 :: ('MESH:D012834', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver', 'silver']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Meconium @entity298 is caused by an intestinal perforation that may occur in the fetus, followed by severe @entity298 , resulting in high morbidity. METHODS: We have experienced six @entity1 with @entity298 . Cystic drainage was performed soon after birth for all @entity1 . We investigated the concentrations of several cytokines and a chemokine ( @entity687 ) in the @entity843 from the six @entity1 with @entity298 . In two @entity1 we also measured the serum cytokines and chemokine level just after birth. RESULTS: @entity650 and @entity687 concentrations were very high in the cyst or @entity843 just after birth. In the serum taken from two @entity1 , the levels of @entity650 and @entity687 were also high. In five @entity1 who underwent drainage of cysts after birth, systemic @entity32 could not be completely suppressed before curative surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity650 and @entity687 play important roles in the @entity32 associated with @entity298 , and drainage of cystic fluid did not completely suppress this @entity32 . To lessen the high morbidity of @entity298 , efforts should be made to suppress the inflammatory response using new treatment strategies, such as administration of @entity230 or anti-cytokine therapy to supplement cystic drainage.

title: @entity650 and @entity687 play important roles in systemic @entity32 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin 6', 'interleukin 6']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['chemical peritonitis', 'meconium peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['meconium peritonitis']


abstract: @entity14 in @entity1412 is a preventable disease in at-risk relatives of @entity1 with primary cases. Until the recent establishment of a register in Western Australia, there has been no registration of pedigrees or central organization of surveillance in Australia. In the present study, the experience of 20 such families who were associated with The Royal Melbourne Hospital was documented, with an analysis of the reasons for any failure of management. The impact of a hospital-based register on the management of the disease was studied. In each family, results were categorized according to whether "at-risk" relatives had been diagnosed at surveillance examinations, and whether the Hospital register were involved. Before involvement with the register, 24 family members presented with symptomatic @entity1412 after the first affected case had been diagnosed. Eighteen of these had @entity14 at diagnosis, and 16 subjects now are dead. Identifiable reasons for the failure of surveillance were family communication failure (two cases), family denial (two cases), failure of the hospital clinic (two cases) and a failure to cover extended branches of families who were living locally (nine cases), interstate (four cases) or overseas (three cases). In contrast, only two (6%) of 33 affected cases that were identified at a planned surveillance endoscopy had @entity14 at diagnosis. Without the active surveillance of at-risk family members, lethal delays in diagnosis are likely to occur. Most reasons for failure potentially are correctable by a dedicated registry that is responsible for notifying clinicians and @entity1 about the timing of surveillance procedures.

title: Impact of a hospital-based register on the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: Eighty-eight African @entity1 with amoebic @entity5572 are described. The diagnosis was readily made in pyrexial @entity1 who had right-sided upper @entity490 , an enlarged, very tender liver and signs at the right base. However, in apyrexial subjects (10%) and where @entity490 was absent (7%), the diagnosis was considerably delayed. Five @entity1 (7%) were seen under the age of five, four of whom died because the diagnosis was not suspected. It is particularly emphasized that there should be a greater awareness of this condition in this age group. Amoebae were found in only a small percentage of stool (14%) and pus specimens (11%), while biopsy of the abscess edge yielded 40%. The relative values of a positive amoebic latex test (82%) and an elevated alkaline phosphatase (71%) are noted. In only half the aspirations was the classical anchovy sauce appearance seen. @entity868 is the drug of choice with repeated aspirations for large abscesses. Mortality was 13-5%, occurring mainly in the extremes of life.

title: Amoebic XXXX in Rhodesian Africans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity5572 :: (MESH:D008100,Disease) :: ['liver abscess']


abstract: @entity5109 can be described as a foot with @entity854 with or without shortening of the foot. Conventional surgical treatment may not be able to correct these deformities. In this study we evaluate the results of percutaneous V osteotomy of the calcaneus with an Ilizarov external fixator for treatment of @entity5109 . Twenty feet with a @entity85 were treated by the Ilizarov method in 15 @entity1 . The aetiologic factors were neglected or relapsed clubfoot (13 @entity1 ) and @entity3328 (2 @entity1 ). All @entity1 underwent percutaneous V osteotomy of the calcaneus and gradual correction of the @entity85 using Ilizarov's method. The mean duration of fixator application was 9.5 months (range, 6-13 months). The mean follow-up period was 1.8 years (range, 1 to 3 years). At the time of fixator removal, a plantigrade foot was achieved in 18 cases; gait was improved in all @entity1 . There was residual @entity85 in two @entity1 . A pin-tract infection was observed in all @entity1 . No recurrence of the @entity85 occurred. The V osteotomy offers the most options for correction of @entity5109 . Percutaneous technique is particularly useful for the @entity5109 that has poor skin coverage, with poor blood supply. Gradual correction with the Ilizarov method yields good results for @entity5109 .

title: Assessment of percutaneous V osteotomy of the calcaneus with Ilizarov application for correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['complex foot deformity', 'complex foot deformities', 'Complex foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['multiplanar abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'varus deformity', 'complex deformity']

answer: @entity5109 :: (MESH:D005530,Disease) :: ['complex foot deformities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2795 ( @entity2795 ) is a rare monogenic @entity2704 subtype characterised by attacks associated with transient @entity425 . Clinical information is mainly based on reports of small families with only short follow-up. Here, we document a prospective 15-year follow-up of an extended family with @entity34883 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After diagnosing @entity2795 in a @entity1 with severe attacks associated with @entity221 , we identified eight more family members with @entity2795 and one with possible @entity2795 . All family members were prospectively followed for 15 years. In total 13 clinically affected and 21 clinically non-affected family members were genetically tested and repeatedly investigated. RESULTS: A novel @entity34884 @entity10599 mutation was found in 14 family members: 12 with clinical @entity2795 , one with @entity1155 and possible @entity2795 , and one without @entity2795 features. In 9/12 (75%) family members with genetically confirmed @entity2795 , attacks were severe, long-lasting, and often associated with @entity1662 and @entity221 . Such attacks were frequently misdiagnosed and treated as @entity1393 or @entity64 . @entity302 was reported in three family members with @entity2795 and in the one with @entity1155 and possible @entity2795 . Ataxia was not observed. CONCLUSION: @entity2795 should be considered in @entity1 with recurrent @entity221 .

title: Recurrent XXXX in @entity34883 . A prospective 15-year follow-up of a large family with a novel @entity10599 mutation.

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['FHM', 'Familial hemiplegic migraine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity34884 :: ('p|SUB|R|348|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg348Pro']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1393 :: ('MESH:D008587', 'Disease') :: ['viral meningitis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['coma and fever', 'fever']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['coma and fever']


abstract: OBJECT: The response rate of @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) to radiosurgery has reached the 97% level in several published series. When failure rarely occurs, some controversy has existed as to whether the @entity5 has to be resected or can be safely retreated with radiosurgery. The authors retrospectively studied the outcome of retreating 11 @entity1 with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). METHODS: The authors studied 11 @entity1 at the New England Gamma Knife Center who had undergone GKS as a second radiosurgical treatment for VS from 1994 to 2007. One @entity1 underwent proton-beam radiotherapy as the first treatment, and the other 10 @entity1 had undergone GKS initially. Tumor control (size before and after the first and the second treatment) was evaluated using MR imaging to demonstrate the course after the 2 treatments. @entity2103 (House-Brackmann grading system), trigeminal nerve function, hearing (Gardner-Robertson classification), and any adverse radiation effects were evaluated. The prescription dose was 12 Gy (11-13.2 Gy) for both treatments. RESULTS: Of the 11 @entity1 , 2 showed increase, 1 had no change, and, in 8, the VS decreased in size after the retreatment. One @entity5 remained unchanged over the first 6 months, but demonstrated signs of internal @entity39 . All @entity1 demonstrated stable facial nerve function. Regarding facial numbness, 2 @entity1 experienced increases, 8 no change, and 1 decreased numbness. There was no functional hearing prior to the second treatment in 10 @entity1 , and hearing was impaired in 1 @entity1 . Adverse radiation effects (slight peduncular @entity4 ) were seen in 2 @entity1 after the second treatment, and 1 @entity1 had @entity4 after the first treatment as well. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5513 can be retreated with GKS with @entity5 control response and low risk of @entity137 .

title: Retreatment of XXXX with Gamma Knife surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VSs', 'vestibular schwannomas', 'Vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'good tumor']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['Facial nerve function']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: Fibrils play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity2783 ; however, the underlying mechanisms of the growth process and the structural details of fibrils are poorly understood. Crucial in the fibril formation of prion proteins is the stacking of PrP monomers. We previously proposed that the structure of the @entity3669 fibril may be similar as a parallel left-handed beta-helix. The beta-helix is composed of spiraling rungs of parallel beta-strands, and in the PrP model residues 105-143 of each PrP monomer can contribute two beta-helical rungs to the growing fibril. Here we report data to support this model. We show that two cyclized @entity1 PrP peptides corresponding to residues 105-124 and 125-143, based on two single rungs of the left-handed beta-helical core of the @entity1 PrP(Sc) fibril, show spontaneous cooperative fibril growth in vitro by heterologous stacking. Because the structural model must have predictive value, peptides were designed based on the structure rules of the left-handed beta-helical fold that could stack with @entity3669 peptides to stimulate or to block fibril growth. The stimulator peptide was designed as an optimal left-handed beta-helical fold that can serve as a template for fibril growth initiation. The inhibiting peptide was designed to bind to the exposed rung but frustrate the propagation of the fibril growth. The single inhibitory peptide hardly shows inhibition, but the combination of the inhibitory with the stimulatory peptide showed complete inhibition of the fibril growth of peptide huPrP-(106-126). Moreover, the unique strategy based on stimulatory and inhibitory peptides seems a powerful new approach to study amyloidogenic fibril structures in general and could prove useful for the development of therapeutics.

title: Heterologous stacking of XXXX peptides reveals structural details of fibrils and facilitates complete inhibition of fibril growth.

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

answer: @entity3669 :: (5621,Gene) :: ['prion protein']


abstract: The study sought to determine if symptoms and signs cluster differentially in groups of @entity1 with increasing evidence of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). We prospectively looked at symptoms and signs in 214 @entity1 with suspected chronic @entity9 of moderate to severe intensity. According to a set of clinical criteria the @entity1 were a priori classified as having the so-called 'Definite @entity9 ' (n = 91), 'Possible @entity9 ' (n = 71), or 'Unlikely @entity9 ' (n = 52). A recording of symptoms including @entity158 descriptors, intensity of five categories of @entity158 , Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and @entity308 Inventory were done. Sensory tests including repetitive pinprick stimulation, examination for cold-evoked @entity158 by an @entity1324 drop and brush-evoked @entity158 were carried out in the maximal @entity158 area and in a control area. High intensity of superficial @entity158 , and touch or cold provoked @entity158 was associated with @entity1118 classified as definite or possible @entity1109 . Intensity of deep @entity158 , and 'paroxysms' was similar in the three groups. Brush-evoked @entity158 was more frequent in definite @entity9 . The McGill Pain Questionnaire and the used @entity158 descriptors could not distinguish between the three clinical categories. Although certain symptoms (touch or cold provoked @entity158 ) and signs (brush-evoked @entity1931 ) are more prominent in @entity1 with definite or possible @entity9 , we found considerable overlap with the clinical presentation of @entity1 with unlikely @entity9 .

title: Symptoms and signs in XXXX with suspected @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Major Depression']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'ongoing pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'NP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antidiarrheal activity, oral acute toxicological profile, and developed a chemical fingerprint of Berberis aristata Linn. (Berberidaceae). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1068 (by maceration) and aqueous (by Soxhlet) extracts of Berberis aristata bark were used for the study. The study involved the antimicrobial (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and @entity6252 ( @entity6252 ) by micro dilution) and antidiarrheal (castor oil induced @entity294 , charcoal motility) tests. The active principle, @entity7652 was characterized by different spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. RESULTS: The MIC and @entity6252 (of both extracts) against all strains of @entity6835 were recorded between 125 to 500     g/mL and 300 to 600     g/mL, respectively. The MIC and @entity6252 values of @entity7652 are almost comparable to standard @entity2177 . UV and IR spectroscopy along with HPTLC and HPLC studies showed presence of @entity7652 in the extracts. The onset of castor oil induced @entity294 was delayed and number of diarrheal episodes was reduced by both the extracts in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, the length of intestine traveled by the feed was also significantly reduced in the charcoal motility test by both the extracts. LD(50) of >5000   mg/kg body weight was observed for both extracts in the @entity137 studies with Swiss albino @entity19 . CONCLUSION: The results validate in vivo and in vitro antidiarrheal activity of Berberis aristata extracts and provide its chemical fingerprint.

title: Antidiarrheal activity, chemical and XXXX profile of Berberis aristata.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['acute oral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity6252 :: ('MESH:D010585', 'Disease') :: ['minimum bactericidal concentration', 'MBC']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity has been associated with increased mortality from hormone @entity5 such as @entity0 which is the most prevalent @entity5 in @entity1 . The link between @entity28 and @entity0 can be attributed to excess @entity172 produced through aromatization in adipose tissue. The role of @entity134 hormone receptors in @entity0 development is well studied but how @entity28 can affect the expression pattern of @entity134 hormones in @entity1 with different grades of @entity0 was the aim of this study. METHODS: In this case-control study, 70 @entity1 with @entity0 participated with different grades of @entity28 (36 none @entity28 , BMI < 25 kg/m(2) and 34 @entity28 , BMI >=  25 kg/m(2)). The mean age of @entity1 was 44.53    1.79 yr (21-70 yr). The serum level of @entity172 , @entity1420 and @entity342 determined by ELISA. Following quantitative expression of @entity134 hormone receptors mRNA in @entity5 tissues evaluated by Real-time PCR. @entity1 with previous history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy were excluded. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis and P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The difference in @entity7971 , @entity1783 and PR mRNA level between normal and @entity28 @entity1 was significant (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of AR mRNA was found to be higher than other @entity134 receptors. There was no significant relation between @entity1783 gene expression in two groups (P = 0.68). We observed a significant relationship between @entity7971 and AR mRNA with @entity5 stage and @entity5 grade, respectively (P = 0.023, P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: According to the obtained results, it is speculated that @entity28 could paly a significant role in @entity172 receptors gene expression and also could affect progression and proliferation of @entity0 cells.

title: The Possible Impact of Obesity on @entity342 , XXXX and @entity172 Receptors ( @entity7971 and @entity1783 ) Gene Expression in @entity0 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'dependant cancers']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['Progesterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of en bloc resection of cervical @entity3478 by a combined anterior and posterior approach based on a three-dimensional (3-D) printing model. METHODS: Five @entity1 with @entity3478 of the cervical spine underwent en bloc resection via a one-stage combined anteroposterior approach in our hospital from March 2013 to June 2014. They comprised three @entity1 and two @entity1 of mean age 47.2   years (range, 26-67   years). Three of the @entity5 were @entity511 and two @entity3580 . Preoperative 3-D printing models were created by 3-D printing technology. Sagittal en bloc resections were planned based on these models and successfully performed. A 360   reconstruction was performed by spinal instrumentation in all cases. Surgical margins, perioperative complications, local control rate and survival rate were assessed. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent en bloc excision via a combined posterior and anterior approach in one stage. Mean operative time and estimated @entity190 were 465   minutes and 1290   mL, respectively. Mean follow-up was 21   months. Wide surgical margins were achieved in two @entity1 and marginal resection in three; these three @entity1 underwent postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy. One vertebral artery was ligated and sacrificed in each of three @entity1 . Nerve root involved by @entity5 was sacrificed in three @entity1 with preoperative @entity425 . One @entity1 (Case 3) had significant transient @entity614 with paresis postoperatively. Another (Case 4) with C 4 and C 5 @entity3580 had respiratory difficulties and @entity55 after surgery postoperatively. He recovered completely after 2   weeks' management with a tracheotomy tube and antibiotics in the intensive care unit. No @entity532 and wound @entity281 were observed. No local recurrence or instrumentation failure were detected during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Though technically challenging, it is feasible and safe to perform en bloc resection of cervical primary @entity3478 . This is the most effective means of managing cervical @entity5 . Preoperative 3-D printing modelling enables better anatomical understanding of the relationship between the @entity5 and cervical spine and can assist in planning the surgical procedure.

title: En Bloc Resection of Primary XXXX in the Cervical Spine Based on 3-Dimensional Printing Technology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'primary malignant bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spine tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas', 'chordoma']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['Malignant Bone Tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Gastric neuromodulation (GNM) has been advocated for the treatment of drug refractory @entity7623 or persistent @entity390 and @entity391 in the absence of a mechanical @entity1744 . There is, however, little in the way of objective data to support its use, particularly with regards to its effects on gastric emptying. METHODS: Six @entity1 (male-to-female ratio: 4:2, mean age: 49 years, range: 44-57 years) underwent the GNM between April and August 2010. Three @entity1 had confirmed slow gastrointestinal transit. Aetiology included previous gastric surgery in two, @entity6 in one and @entity1209 in three @entity1 . GNM pacing wires were placed endoscopically and left in situ for seven days. @entity1 underwent @entity356 before and 24 hours after the commencement of GNM. @entity7623 ( @entity7623 ), weekly @entity391 frequency scores (VFS), health-related quality of life (using the SF-12(  ) questionnaire), gastric emptying, nutritional status and weight were compared before and after GNM. RESULTS: @entity7623 improved after GNM in comparison with baseline data. VFS improved in three of four symptomatic @entity1 . The SF-12(  ) physical composite score improved in four @entity1 (27.5 vs 34.3) and the mental composite score improved in five @entity1 (34.9 vs 35.9). All @entity1 reported an improvement in oral intake. A significant @entity1017 (mean: 1kg, range: 0.3-2.4kg) was observed over seven days. Gastric emptying half-time improved in four @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: GNM improved @entity344 , quality of life and nutritional status in @entity1 with intractable @entity390 and @entity391 . GNM merits further investigation.

title: @entity356 for intractable XXXX and @entity391 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['Total gastroparesis symptom scores', 'gastroparesis', 'TSS']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: Specific neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms in @entity35 and @entity19 are known to be involved in the development of @entity5 ( @entity2013 ) in systemic tolerance and carcinogenicity studies of @entity2931 , certain progestagens and their combinations. However, the susceptibility of the strain used seems to be of decisive importance. High doses of @entity2931 may also, in special cases, stimulate development of @entity5 in @entity1 . In other species such as the hamster long-term treatment with @entity2931 results in @entity5072 and neoplastic changes in @entity21506 -producing cells of the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. On the other hand, in the @entity235 and monkey, @entity479 -related @entity5 were not observed, in spite of long-term treatment with high doses of @entity2931 , @entity7828 and their combinations. The capability of certain progestagens to stimulate @entity235 GH secretion seems to play a major role as mediator of the species-specific progestagen-induced changes (mammary @entity5 , @entity6 ) in the @entity235 . These progestagens also seem to have, in addition to their antigonadotrophic properties, an inhibitory effect on @entity6192 -ACTH and @entity1218 -TSH activity in the beagle bitch. These effects can be demonstrated in both the @entity2339 and in the corresponding peripheral target organs. These findings in the @entity235 were not comparable to the situation in other species including @entity1 . The extent to which all these results in different species are applicable to other species depends on whether their neuroendocrine control systems are qualitatively and/or quantitatively similar. The physiological significance of the different pituitary hormones, sensitivity of target organs as well as a certain genetic disposition in the different species should also be considered. All these factors can vary from species to species. From these facts, it can be easily appreciated that results of experiments on different species with a substance possessing the same quality of biological effect in these species (e.g., @entity2931 , progestagen, etc.) can only be compared when the experimental procedure takes account of the effect of this substance on the neuroendocrine system of the different species, and when dosage, mode of administration and period of treatment are correspondingly matched to the physiological conditions of each species.

title: Evaluation of effects of sexual steroids on the @entity2339 of animals and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes- and acromegalic-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens', 'oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['PRL cell hyperplasia and tumours', 'pituitary tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'beagle dog', 'dog']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestagens']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary system']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Research indicates that a substantial amount of time elapses between parents' first concerns about their @entity1 's development and a formal diagnosis of @entity72 ( @entity72 ). Telehealth presents an opportunity to expedite the diagnostic process. This project compared a novel telehealth diagnostic approach that utilizes clinically guided in-home video recordings to the gold standard in- @entity1 diagnostic assessment. @entity1 included 40 families seeking an @entity72 evaluation for their @entity1 and 11 families of typically developing @entity1 . @entity1 were between the ages of 18 months and 6 years 11 months; mean adaptive behavior composite = 75.47 (SD = 15.94). All parent @entity1 spoke English fluently. Families completed the Naturalistic Observation Diagnostic Assessment (NODA) for @entity72 , which was compared to an in- @entity1 assessment (IPA). Agreement between the 2 methods, as well as sensitivity, specificity, and interrater reliability, were calculated for the full sample and the subsample of families seeking an @entity72 evaluation. Diagnostic agreement between NODA and the IPA was 88.2% (k = 0.75) in the full sample and 85% (k = 0.58) in the subsample. Sensitivity was 84.9% in both, whereas specificity was 94.4% in the full sample and 85.7% in the subsample. Kappa coefficients for interrater reliability indicated 85% to 90% accuracy between raters. NODA utilizes telehealth technology for families to share information with professionals and provides a method to inform clinical judgment for a diagnosis of @entity72 . Due to the high level of agreement with the IPA in this sample, NODA has potential to improve the efficiency of the diagnostic process for @entity72 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Investigating the Accuracy of a Novel Telehealth Diagnostic Approach for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children', 'Participants', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['Autism Spectrum Disorder']


abstract: Reduction of @entity413 metabolism in brain is one of the main features of @entity195 . @entity9138 ( @entity9138 )-dependent processes are critical in @entity413 metabolism and have been found to be impaired in brains from @entity1 with @entity195 . However, @entity9138 treatment exerts little beneficial effect in these @entity1 . Here, we tested the effect of @entity26424 , a @entity9138 derivative with better bioavailability than @entity9138 , on @entity73 and pathology alterations in a @entity19 model of @entity195 , the amyloid precursor protein/ @entity20933 transgenic @entity19 . We show that after a chronic 8 week treatment, @entity26424 dose-dependently enhanced the spatial memory of amyloid precursor protein/ @entity20933 @entity19 in the Morris water maze test. Furthermore, @entity26424 effectively reduced both @entity527 and phosphorylated tau levels in cortical areas of the @entity19 brains. Unexpectedly, these effects were not mimicked by another lipophilic @entity9138 derivative, @entity26425 , although both @entity26424 and @entity26425 were effective in increasing the levels of free @entity9138 in the brain. Most notably, @entity26424 , but not @entity26425 , significantly elevated the phosphorylation level of @entity26426 , and reduced their enzymatic activities in the amyloid precursor protein/ @entity20933 transgenic brain. Therefore, in the animal @entity195 model, @entity26424 appears to improve the cognitive function and reduce @entity527 via @entity9138 -independent mechanisms, which are likely to include the suppression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 activities. These results suggest that, unlike many other @entity9138 -related drugs, @entity26424 may be beneficial for clinical @entity195 treatment.

title: Powerful beneficial effects of @entity26424 on @entity73 and @entity527 in amyloid precursor protein/ XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26426 :: ('606496;56637', 'Gene') :: ['glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha and -3beta']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid plaque numbers', 'amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin B1', 'Thiamine', 'thiamine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity26425 :: ('MESH:D005666', 'Chemical') :: ['fursultiamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity26424 :: ('MESH:C013835', 'Chemical') :: ['benfotiamine']

answer: @entity20933 :: (19164(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['presenilin-1']


abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of laser and @entity4574 therapies, associated with lateral decubitus position and flexion exercises of the lower limbs in @entity1 with @entity890 ( @entity890 ). It is a randomized blinded clinical trial. Fifty-four subjects with @entity890 L4-L5 and L5-S1 were selected and randomly allocated into groups: laser 904  nm, placebo, and @entity4574 945  nm. The numbers of subjects for each group that completed the treatment were 18, 13, and 18, respectively. Twelve points over the lumbar spine region (L2 to S1) and eight points on the injured thigh in the path of the lumbar roots L5 and S1 were irradiated. Irradiation parameters for each point were as follows: laser wavelength 904        10  nm, average power 0.038        20  %  W, irradiated area 0.16  cm(2), energy per point 4  J, and treatment time per point 104  s; @entity4574 wavelength 945        15  nm, power 0.1  W, irradiated area 1.0cm(2), energy per point 4  J, and treatment time per point 40  s. Lateral decubitus opposite to the side of the radicular was the standard position for all @entity1 . After phototherapy and laser placebo sessions, the subjects performed sequences of flexion exercises of the lower limbs (ten per session) for 15 daily sessions. VARIABLES STUDIED: @entity158 intensity assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), degree of flexion of the affected hip measured by the universal goniometer and functional capacity assessed by the @entity717 Index. The three groups had statistically significant improvement in lumbar and @entity158 , in hip mobility, and in the functional disability index (p   <=    0.001). There was a statistically significant difference (p   =   0.024) in @entity158 between the groups, @entity613 and @entity717 Index. We can conclude that in the treatment of L4-L5 and L5-S1 @entity890 with @entity614 , @entity4574 , associated with lateral decubitus position and flexion exercises of the lower limbs, showed better therapeutic performance for @entity158 , @entity613 , and functional disability.

title: Low intensity laser and @entity4574 therapies associated with lateral decubitus position and flexion exercises of the lower limbs in @entity1 with XXXX : clinical randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['gait claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disk herniation', 'LDH']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disk herniation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The clinical significance of @entity263 is not well-defined. In a population based @entity5 registry we identified a large group of @entity1 with @entity513 to characterize the impact of the ductal subtype on presentation and survival in @entity1 with @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a national @entity5 registry to identify incident cases of ductal and acinar @entity420 from 1996 to 2006. We analyzed clinicopathological variables and performed Cox multivariate survival analysis. @entity1486 values were available for 2004 to 2006 and used to assess differences in Gleason grade and serum @entity1486 between ductal and acinar @entity5 cases at diagnosis. RESULTS: We identified 442,881 acinar and 371 ductal cases. Ductal cases were more likely to present with distant disease (12% vs 4%, p <0.001) and be poorly differentiated (50% vs 32%, p <0.001). Ductal histology was associated with a 30% decrease in geometric mean @entity1486 (adjusted coefficient 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8) and more than 2-fold increased odds of @entity1486 less than 4.0 ng/ml (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4-4.0) independent of other clinicopathological variables. In @entity1 with nondistant disease at diagnosis ductal histology was associated with 2.2-fold (CI 1.4-3.5) increased disease specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In what is to our knowledge the largest series of this @entity5 cases were more likely to present with advanced stage @entity5 and lower @entity1486 , suggesting that timely disease detection is a significant challenge. Also, @entity1 with @entity66 were more likely to die of the disease.

title: @entity263 : increased mortality risk and decreased serum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['ductal prostatic carcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['histological subtype ductal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen', 'Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: @entity286 smoke causes @entity2 in smokers and in never-smokers exposed to second-hand @entity286 smoke (SHS). Nonetheless, molecular mechanisms of @entity2 in SHS-exposed never-smokers are still elusive. We studied @entity2 from current smokers (n = 109), former smokers (n = 56) and never-smokers (n = 47) for promoter hypermethylation of five @entity5 suppressor genes-- @entity986 , RARB, RASSF1, MGMT and DAPK1--using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. @entity5 from ever-smokers suggested an increased risk of @entity986 hypermethylation as compared to never-smokers (P = 0.073), with former smokers having the highest frequency of @entity986 hypermethylation (P = 0.044 versus current smokers and P = 0.009 versus never-smokers). In the never-smoking group, @entity986 hypermethylation was seen in @entity5 from SHS-exposed individuals (4/33; 12%) but in none of the non-exposed individuals (0/9). The overall occurrence of hypermethylation (measured both as methylation index and as number of genes affected) was similar in those ever exposed to @entity286 smoke (smokers, SHS-exposed never-smokers) and differed from non-exposed never-smokers. In multivariate analysis, @entity986 hypermethylation was more prevalent in @entity5 from male than female @entity1 (P = 0.018) and in @entity957 than in @entity420 (P = 0.025). Occurrence of TP53 mutation in the @entity5 was associated with hypermethylation of at least one gene (P = 0.027). In all, our data suggest that promoter hypermethylation pattern in SHS-exposed never-smokers resembles that observed in smokers. Association between TP53 mutation, a hallmark of smokers' @entity2 , and methylation of one or more of the @entity2 -related genes studied, provides further evidence for @entity286 smoke-related origin for both types of molecular alterations.

title: Similar DNA methylation pattern in @entity5 from smokers and never-smokers with second-hand XXXX smoke exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['common tobacco', 'tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumours', 'Lung tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Assessment of hemodynamic responses during some form of exertion or stress during cardiac catheterization is useful among @entity1 suspected of having @entity849 who demonstrate normal or borderline valve gradients at rest. Leg raising exercise and drug administration are commonly used for this purpose, but each has inherent limitations. To evaluate the usefulness of dynamic arm raising exercise as a means of altering hemodynamics during cardiac catheterization, 23 such @entity1 were studied. Measurements obtained during arm raising exercise were compared with those at rest. Heart rate rose by 34 +/- 4 beats/min (p less than 0.001), while cardiac output increased by 1.4 +/- 0.2 l/min (p less than 0.001). @entity64 volume decreased slightly, although left ventricular filling pressures and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures rose in nearly all subjects. The change in valvular gradients was variable. These data were compared with those obtained in 11 similar @entity1 receiving either @entity935 or @entity3044 as an intervention. The changes in heart rate and cardiac output from the resting state were similar between the groups, with fewer side effects occurring during arm exercise. Dynamic arm exercise is a safe and effective maneuver which can be performed during cardiac catheterization in @entity1 undergoing diagnostic evaluation of stenotic @entity340 .

title: Dynamic arm exercise during cardiac catheterization in the assessment of stenotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['valvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular disease']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to estimate of the transmission of six candidate genes alleles (according to the dopaminergic hypothesis of @entity161 ) by parents to their @entity1 with @entity161 . The genes under investigation were the following: @entity4130 (polymorphism @entity25778 ), @entity1633 (polymorphism -141C ins/del), @entity16457 (polymorphism @entity25779 ), @entity4131 (polymorphism @entity25780 ), @entity7712 (polymorphism VNTR w 3'-UTR), @entity5549 (polymorphism Val108(158)Met). Method. There were 116 families in the group under investigation (the ill @entity1 and his/her both parents). The @entity1 and their parents were examined using @entity915 (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV @entity74 ). No mental disturbances were found with all the @entity1 ' parents. The DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes by the salting out method. Polymorphisms were studied by the PCR method (PCR-RFLP method for: DRDI, @entity1633 , @entity16457 , @entity4131 , @entity5549 and PCR-VNTR method for: @entity7712 ). The statistical analysis of the frequency of transmission of alleles was carried out by the TDT (Transmission Disequilibrium Test) method. To analyse the transmission disequilibrium of alleles under examination, the Haploview v. 3.2. programme was used. RESULTS: According to the results obtained, no connection between analysed polymorphism of genes: @entity1633 (-141C ins/del), @entity16457 ( @entity25779 ), @entity4131 ( @entity25780 ), @entity7712 (VNTR), @entity5549 ( @entity2596 108(158)Met) and @entity161 was stated. In the case of polymorphism @entity25778 of gene @entity4130 , a trend was observed towards a more frequent transmission of allele A of gene @entity4130 by parents to their @entity1 with @entity161 (p = 0.091). CONCLUSIONS: This trend should be interpreted very carefully. There is also the possibility that other variant of gene in linkage disequilibrium with @entity25778 polymorphism was responsible for the trend observed in this study.

title: [Family based association study of @entity4130 , @entity1633 , @entity16457 , @entity4131 , @entity7712 , XXXX gene polymorphism in @entity161 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity25779 :: ('p|SUB|S|9|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser9Gly']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis I Disorders']

answer: @entity5549 :: (1312,Gene) :: ['COMT']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of a physical activity counseling intervention on instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) disability. DESIGN: Primary care-based, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: City of Jyv  skyl  , central Finland. @entity1 : Six hundred thirty-two @entity1 aged 75 to 81 who were able to walk 500 meters without assistance, were at most moderately physically active, had a Mini-Mental State Examination score greater than 21, had no medical contraindications for physical activity, and gave informed consent for participation. INTERVENTION: A single individualized physical activity counseling session with supportive phone calls from a physiotherapist every 4 months for 2 years and annual lectures on physical activity. Control group received no intervention. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome was @entity717 defined as having difficulties in or inability to perform IADL tasks. Analyses were carried out according to baseline @entity717 , mobility limitation, and cognitive status. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up, @entity717 had increased in both groups (P<.001) and was lower in the intervention group, but the group-by-time interaction effect did not reach statistical significance. Subgroup analyses revealed that the intervention prevented incident disability in subjects without disability at baseline (risk ratio=0.68, 95% confidence interval=0.47-0.97) but had no effect on recovery from disability. CONCLUSION: The physical activity counseling intervention had no effect on older sedentary community-dwelling @entity1 with a wide range of @entity717 , although it prevented incident @entity717 . The results warrant further investigation to explore the benefits of a primary care-based physical activity counseling program on decreasing and postponing @entity717 .

title: Effect of physical activity counseling on disability in older XXXX : a 2-year randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['IADL disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 ( @entity1358 SDC) is a rare subtype of SDC. We encountered 1 case of @entity1358 SDC that developed from a submandibular gland @entity5123 , and we herein report our findings. CASE: A 42-year-old female had tumentia and @entity158 in the right submental area, and therefore she underwent a close examination, wherein a @entity26622 was detected. Surgery for removing the right submandibular gland was performed in addition to neck dissection. Cytology showed typical findings of conventional SDC. Moreover, isolated and scattered large spindle cells and multinucleated cells were also detected along with atypical epidermal cell clumps showing keratinization. From a histologic perspective, it appeared to be @entity1358 SDC that developed from a @entity5123 and also involved a @entity957 component. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the cytologic findings ofa case of @entity1358 SDC with a @entity957 component. When @entity1358 cells appear in the cytology along with findings of typical SDC, @entity1358 SDC should thus be considered. Furthermore, @entity957 component may be involved as in the present case, so it is necessary to be aware of the possibility thereof.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity26622 :: ('MESH:D013365', 'Disease') :: ['right submandibular gland neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcomatoid salivary duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Sarcomatoid salivary duct carcinoma of the submandibular gland']


abstract: The concentration of @entity16977 in plasma (P) and in neutrophil leucocytes (N) was determined by a turbidimetric method in 32 @entity1 with @entity2195 (U.C.), 11 @entity1 with @entity30 (C.D.), 9 @entity1 with @entity548 , and 39 healthy volunteers. In active U.C., P was significantly elevated (p less than 0.05), whereas C.D. showed normal values. Corresponding N was significantly reduced in active U.C. (p less than 0.05) but normal in C.D. In calculating the ratio N/P, highly significant lower values were found in active U.C. (p less than 0.001) compared to normal levels in C.D. The high P in active U.C. is presumed to reflect an accelerated destruction of neutrophil leucocytes as well as an intensified turnover rate. The reduced @entity22412 probably attributable to an inhibited synthesis. The findings suggest that @entity16977 determinations are valuable in be differential diagnosis of active U.C. and C.D.

title: XXXX in plasma and neutrophilic granulocytes in ulcerative colitis and @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic proctitis']

entities_list: @entity2195 :: ('OMIM:211750', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity16977 :: (4069,Gene) :: ['Lysozyme']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although it is recognized that @entity1 with @entity1897 have an increased prevalence of @entity2850 , controversy still exists over their management. The present report details the evaluation, surgical approach, and outcome of a large cohort of @entity1 with @entity6 and with @entity16 . METHODS: A retrospective review of 158 consecutive @entity1 , 96 with @entity6 and 62 with @entity16 , was done to analyze the results of neurolysis of multiple sites of @entity2850 in the lower extremity. Of these @entity1 , 50 had a contralateral limb decompressed for a total of 208 limbs included in the study. Outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) for @entity158 in the 109 @entity1 who had @entity158 level greater than 8.0, measurement of the cutaneous pressure threshold for sensibility, self-reported change in @entity158 medication usage, and self-reported change in balance. RESULTS: With a minimum follow-up of 1 year, 88% of @entity1 with @entity1183 reported improvement in sensation (P < 0.001). Of the 84 @entity1 with impaired balance, 81% reported improvement in balance. Of those whose VAS was greater than 8, 83% reported an improvement in VAS (P < 0.001). There was a concomitant reduction in @entity158 medication usage. There was no difference in outcomes between @entity1 with @entity3949 in response to nerve decompression. CONCLUSIONS: Neurolysis of @entity2850 in @entity1 with @entity16 and superimposed nerve compressions is an effective method for relieving @entity158 , restoring sensation, and improving balance.

title: Surgical treatment of superimposed, lower extremity, peripheral XXXX with @entity6 and @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative numbness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy', 'idiopathic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic versus idiopathic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['chronic nerve compression', 'lower extremity chronic nerve compressions', 'chronic nerve entrapment']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity2850 :: (MESH:D009408,Disease) :: ['nerve entrapments']


abstract: Modelling entorhinal function or evaluating the consequences of neuronal losses which accompany @entity179 requires detailed information on the quantitative cellular composition of the normal entorhinal cortex. Using design-based stereological methods, we estimated the numbers, proportions, densities and sectional areas of layer II cells in the @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ), and its constituent caudal entorhinal (CE) and medial entorhinal (ME) fields, in the @entity35 and @entity19 . We estimated layer II of the @entity10036 to contain approximately 58,000 neurons in the @entity35 and approximately 24,000 neurons in the @entity19 . Field CE accounted for more than three-quarters of the total neuron population in both species. In the @entity35 , layer II of the @entity10036 is comprised of 38% ovoid stellate cells, 29% polygonal stellate cells and 17% pyramidal cells. The remainder is comprised of much smaller populations of horizontal bipolar, tripolar, oblique pyramidal and small round cells. In the @entity19 , @entity10036 layer II is comprised of 52% ovoid stellate cells, 22% polygonal stellate cells and 14% pyramidal cells. Significant species differences in the proportions of ovoid and polygonal stellate cells suggest differences in physiological and functional properties. The majority of @entity10036 layer II cells contribute to the entorhinal-hippocampal pathways. The degree of divergence from @entity10036 layer II cells to the dentate granule cells was similar in the @entity35 and @entity19 . In both @entity35 and @entity19 , the only dorsoventral difference we observed is a gradient in polygonal stellate cell sectional area, which may relate to the dorsoventral increase in the size and spacing of individual neuronal firing fields. In summary, we found species-specific cellular compositions of @entity10036 layer II, while, within a species, quantitative parameters other than cell size are stable along the dorsoventral and mediolateral axis of the @entity10036 .

title: Number estimates of neuronal phenotypes in layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex of XXXX and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MEA', 'medial entorhinal area']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The nucleus accumbens (Nacc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receive dopaminergic innervation from the ventral tegmental area and are involved in learning. Male @entity35 with @entity2955 ( @entity2955 )-induced dopaminergic and noradrenergic reductions in the Nacc or mPFC were tested for allocentric and egocentric learning to determine their role in these forms of neuroplasticity. mPFC dopaminergic and noradrenergic reductions did not result in changes to either @entity4207 . Nacc dopaminergic and noradrenergic reductions resulted in @entity4207 in the Morris water maze (MWM) on acquisition, reversal, and probe trials. MWM cued performance was also affected, but straight-channel swim times and swim speed during hidden platform trials in the MWM were not affected. Nacc dopaminergic and noradrenergic reductions also impaired egocentric learning in the Cincinnati water maze (CWM). Nacc-lesioned animals tested in the CWM in an alternate path through the maze were not significantly affected. @entity2955 injections in the Nacc resulted in 63  % @entity935 and 62  % @entity1063 reductions in the Nacc and 23  % reductions in adjacent dorsal striatum. @entity2955 injections in the mPFC resulted in 88  % reductions in @entity935 and 59  % reductions in @entity1063 . Hence, Nacc @entity935 and/or @entity1063 play a role in egocentric and allocentric learning and memory, while mPFC @entity935 and @entity1063 do not.

title: @entity2955 -Induced @entity935 Reductions in the Nucleus Accumbens, but not the Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Impair Cincinnati Water Maze Egocentric and Morris Water Maze Allocentric Navigation in Male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['allocentric learning and memory deficits', 'type of learning or memory']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley Rats']


abstract: @entity33638 ( @entity20333 ), @entity33640 , is widely used as a synergist for @entity312 . In order to clarify the possible mechanism of non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis induced by @entity20333 , molecular pathological analyses consisting of low-density microarray analysis and real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR were performed in male ICR @entity19 fed a basal powdered diet containing 6000 or 0 ppm @entity20333 for 1, 4, or 8 weeks. The animals were sacrificed at weeks 1, 4, and 8, and the livers were histopathologically examined and analyzed for gene expression using the microarray at weeks 1 and 4 followed by real-time RT-PCR at each time point. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) products were also measured using liver microsomes. At each time point, the hepatocytes of @entity20333 -treated @entity19 showed centrilobular @entity1184 and increased lipofuscin deposition in Schmorl staining. The ROS products were significantly increased in the liver microsomes of @entity20333 -treated @entity19 . In the microarray analysis, the expression of oxidative and metabolic stress-related @entity21382 , @entity33641 (week 1 only), @entity29098 , @entity5795 , and @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Por) was over-expressed in @entity19 given @entity20333 at weeks 1 and 4. Fluctuations of these genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR in @entity20333 -treated @entity19 at each time point. In additional real-time RT-PCR, the expression of @entity1896 gene, key regulator of cell-cycle progression, and @entity18047 gene, DNA damage repair-related gene, was significantly increased at each time point and at week 8, respectively. These results suggest the possibility that @entity20333 has the potential to generate ROS via the metabolic pathway and to induce oxidative stress, including oxidative DNA damage, resulting in the induction of hepatocellular @entity5 in @entity19 .

title: Molecular pathological analysis for determining the possible mechanism of XXXX -induced hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity33640 :: ('CHEBI:32687', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-4,5-methylene-dioxy-2-propyltoluene']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethrins']

entities_list: @entity33638 :: ('MESH:D010882', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperonyl butoxide']

answer: @entity33638 :: (MESH:D010882,Chemical) :: ['piperonyl butoxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity1580 (ATBAD) is a life-threatening condition. Open chest surgical repair using a prosthetic graft has been a conventional treatment for ATBAD. During the past decade, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), which is considered as a less invasive and potentially safer technique, has been increasingly used to treat this condition. Evidence is needed to support the use of TEVAR for these @entity1 . The aim of this review was to assess the efficacy of TEVAR versus conventional open surgery in @entity1 with ATBAD. METHODS: For this review, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library (last searched: 2010, issue 4), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Chinese Biomedicine Database for clinical trials until January 18, 2011. Controlled trials in which @entity1 with ATBAD were assigned to TEVAR or open surgical repair were included. For each outcome, we evaluated the quality of the evidence with reference to the Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development, and Evaluation criteria. At the end, we used RevMan 5.0 software to analyze the datum. RESULTS: Five trials (318 @entity1 ) are included in this review. As determined by the Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development, and Evaluation approach, the result quality was low for 30-day mortality and very low for other variables. TEVAR can significantly reduce the short-term mortality for ATBAD (Mantel-Haenszel fixed odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.19 [0.09-0.39], P < 0.001). TEVAR cannot significantly improve @entity260 or long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS: TEVAR can be weakly recommended as an alternative for the selective treatment of ATBAD but cannot always be used in case of surgery.

title: Endovascular stent-graft placement or open surgery for the treatment of acute XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type B aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type B aortic dissection']