abstract: BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine whether @entity5418 prophylaxis during a course of high dose radiation therapy (RT) for @entity135 decreases acute side effects. METHODS: @entity1 receiving curative intent RT for @entity135 participated in a single institution double-blind randomized trial comparing @entity5418 to placebo. @entity1 were stratified according to fractionation, use of concurrent chemotherapy, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), age, and pretreatment presence of a feeding gastrostomy. @entity1 were prospectively evaluated during weekly treatment checks, and analyzed with regard to time (measured in terms of dose) until development of the following: @entity353 , @entity33 , @entity158 , nutritional intake, and need for a treatment break. After completion of RT, time until healing was similarly compared. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 received @entity5418 and 50 received placebo. The mean (+/-SD) prescribed dose was 69 +/- 7 Gy. Sixty-nine @entity1 received BID fractionation and 27 received concurrent chemotherapy. No difference was detected in any outcome measure in the direct comparison between the two groups. On multivariate analysis, @entity353 >5% or >10% occurred more frequently in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy (p < 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively). Grade 3 @entity33 was more common in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy (p = 0.05) or BID fractionation (p = 0.04) or having a poor KPS (p = 0.02). Interval to healing was not associated with any of the pretreatment- or treatment-related factors. @entity5418 did not result in any additional @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic treatment with @entity5418 during high-dose head and neck RT did not decrease acute treatment side effects. Other modalities should be investigated.

title: Double blind randomized trial of @entity5418 vs placebo during radical radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'advanced head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate', 'Sucralfate']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancers']


abstract: We previously reported a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for determination of the neurotoxin @entity5228 (DA) in both seawater and phytoplankton by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ) with the purpose of sample desalting without DA pre-concentration. In the present study, we optimized the SPE procedure with seawater and phytoplankton samples directly acidified with aqueous @entity5189 without addition of organic solvents, which allowed sample desalting and also 20-fold pre-concentration of DA in seawater and phytoplankton samples. In order to reduce @entity15 contamination, a diverter valve was installed between LC and @entity15 to send the LC eluant to waste, except for the 6-min elution window bracketing the DA retention time, which was sent to the @entity15 . Reduction of the @entity15 turbo gas temperature also helped to maintain the long-term stability of @entity15 signal. Recoveries exceeded 90% for the DA-negative seawater and the DA-positive cultured phytoplankton samples spiked with DA. The SPE method for DA extraction and sample clean-up in seawater was extended to @entity1 fluids and tissues with modification in order to accommodate the fluid samples with limited available volumes and the tissue extracts in aqueous @entity1042 . Recoveries of DA from DA-exposed laboratory @entity1 samples (amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, placenta, and brain) were above 85%. Recoveries of DA from samples (urine, feces, intestinal contents, and gastric contents) collected from field stranded marine mammals showed large variations and were affected by the sample status. The optimized SPE-LC- @entity15 method allows determination of DA at trace levels (low pg mL(-1)) in seawater with/without the presence of phytoplankton. The application of SPE clean-up to @entity1 fluids and tissue extracts greatly reduced the LC column degradation and @entity15 contamination, which allowed routine screening of marine @entity1 samples for confirmation of DA exposure and determination of fluid and tissue DA concentrations in experimental laboratory animals.

title: Optimization of solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of XXXX in seawater, phytoplankton, and @entity1 fluids and tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5228 :: ('MESH:C012301', 'Chemical') :: ['domoic acid']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity5228 :: (MESH:C012301,Chemical) :: ['domoic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the @entity6845 free radical (* @entity2145 ) and the activity of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and to study the potential role of @entity18760 in @entity741 postconditioning for the protection of myocardium. METHODS: Forty healthy adult @entity35 (gender unconcerned) were randomly divided into four different groups (n = 10 in each group): sham-operation, @entity63 ( @entity63 ), @entity63 /reperfusion ( @entity63 /R) and @entity63 postconditioning (postcon). In anesthetized open-chest @entity35 , the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated. Sham operation: the surgical procedure was identical to other groups, but the LAD was ligated for only 30 min, and not occluded. @entity63 : the LAD was occluded for 30 min; @entity63 /reperfusion: the LAD was occluded for 30 min and reperfused for 1 h; Postconditioning: after LAD occlusion for 30 min, at the start of reperfusion, three cycles of 30 s reperfusion and 30 s LAD re-occlusion preceded the 1h of reperfusion. The expression of @entity18760 in myocardium was detected by ELISA in all groups. The ability of suppression on the @entity6845 free radical (* @entity2145 ) and the activity of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) in myocardium taken from each group were measured by spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operated group, the expression of @entity18760 was significantly elevated in @entity63 , @entity63 /reperfusion and postconditiong groups, with the highest in the @entity63 /reperfusion group. And postconditioning significantly decreased the expression of @entity18760 in the @entity63 / reperfusion injured myocardium [(343.05 +/- 25.8) microg/mg protein vs (470.6 +/- 33.1) microg/mg protein, P < 0.05]. The expression of @entity18760 was negatively correlated with the ability of suppression on the @entity6845 free radical and LDH separately. CONCLUSION: The result indicated that @entity18760 was involved in @entity741 /reperfusion injury, and down-regulation of @entity18760 might be one of the cardioprotective mechanisms of postconditioning.

title: [Study on the expression of XXXX in @entity741 postconditioning].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'I', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6845 :: ('CHEBI:43176', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxy']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity18760 :: (29200(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['activin-A']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To introduce a simple and alternative surgical technique, minimally invasive transcanal myringotomy (MITM), for early stage @entity7854 in @entity1 and to evaluate the feasibility and results of MITM for management of early stage @entity7854 with respect to its effectiveness and safety. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Between August 2008 and September 2012, a total of 36 @entity1 with @entity7854 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. @entity1 medical records, including demographic characteristics, intraoperative findings, and follow-up records, were reviewed. RESULTS: Subjects consisted of 23 males (64%) and 13 females (36%), and the age at operation ranged from 12 months to 6 years (mean age   =   3 years and 6 months). The number of @entity7854 was as follows: 26 @entity1 at stage I and 10 @entity1 at stage II. The follow-up duration was between 12 and 56 months, with an average of 30 months. There were no postoperative complications such as tympanic membrane perforation, @entity1296 , or secondary @entity2172 . Among 36 @entity1 who had undergone the MITM approach for the treatment of @entity7854 , five (13.8%) showed recurrence and underwent a second-look operation. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our data, the MITM approach is a useful surgical technique for early stage @entity7854 in @entity1 . It has many advantages, in that there is no external wound and it is a simple surgical technique that involves @entity86 , a short operation time and hospitalization period, avoidance of serious complications, and easy repeatability for recurrence.

title: Surgical outcomes of early XXXX : minimally invasive transcanal approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['easy postoperative care']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity7854 :: ('MESH:C562858', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity7854 :: (MESH:C562858,Disease) :: ['congenital cholesteatoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1254 and its receptors, @entity15443 ( @entity15445 ( @entity15445 ), may contribute to @entity1468 ; however, the reports up to date are conflicting. Here we further explore this issue. METHODS: We studied 20 pregnant @entity1 with term normal pregnancy, 22 @entity1 with @entity1468 , and 12 mild cases. The levels of Adipo-Rs' protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerized chain reaction (PCR) analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The expression of @entity15445 , but not @entity15443 , was observed in the cytoplasm of both placental cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts of the mild preeclempsia, severe cases and normal pregnancy group. There was no significant difference of @entity15445 protein level between the maternal side and the fetal side in each group (all P > .05). @entity15445 protein and mRNA levels in severe preeclamptic group were significantly higher than those of mild cases (P < .001) and normal pregnancy group (P < .001). There was also no significant difference of @entity15445 protein and mRNA levels between term delivery and @entity3152 in severe preeclamptic group (P > .05). Nonetheless, both the protein and mRNA levels were significantly higher in comparison to those of the normal group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The abnormality of @entity15445 may be associated with the pathogenesis of @entity1468 .

title: Expressions of @entity1254 receptors in placenta and their correlation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15443 :: ('51094', 'Gene') :: ['adiponectin receptor 1', 'Adipo-R1']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity15445 :: ('79602', 'Gene') :: ['Adipo-R1) and adiponectin receptor 2', 'Adipo-R2']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'severe preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the results of triple therapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) ( @entity4906 combined with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) and sub-tenon injection of @entity2995 (STTA)) for the treatment of @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective case series included 38 eyes of 38 @entity1 with exudative @entity1020 treated with PDT combined with IVB (1.25 mg) and STTA (40 mg). Retreatment was performed in the same manner with intervals of at least 3 months. All @entity1 had been treatment na  ve, with a follow-up period of 12 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular retinal thickness (MRT) on optical coherence tomography, and the number of treatments were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA in @entity1 treated with PDT triple therapy was 0.86    0.55 at baseline and 0.62    0.55 at 12 months (p < 0.001). The mean MRT was 554.0    202.6  m at baseline and 205.1    78.6  m at 12 months (p < 0.001). During the 1-year follow-up, the average number of PDT triple therapy (treatments per @entity1 ) was 1.1. No complications, for example increase in intraocular pressure, @entity231 , or @entity3225 , were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1020 @entity1 , PDT triple therapy significantly improved visual acuity with a minimum number of treatments and a low risk of complications during the 1-year follow-up.

title: Photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal bevacizumab and sub-tenon @entity2995 injections for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: An elevated plasma level of @entity2232 was reported in several cardiovascular conditions including unstable @entity951 and @entity583 . The present study was designed to evaluate the time course of the @entity2232 release in unstable @entity951 and to assess its relationship to the development of @entity583 and @entity1563 . The cohort studied included 32 @entity1 with the clinical diagnosis of unstable @entity951 who had been admitted to the coronary care unit and subsequently underwent coronary angiography (group A). Fourteen @entity1 with @entity5749 referred to routine diagnostic coronary angiography served as the control group (group B). A significant difference in the @entity2232 plasma level was found between both groups, the values being 10.2 +/- 5.3 and 6.0 +/- 3.1 pg/ml (p < 0.01), respectively. There were, however, no significant differences between the following subdivisions of group A: @entity1 with and without subsequent @entity583 ; those with angiographically documented occlusion of at least one major branch of the coronary artery and no occlusion; and finally, those with persisting symptoms of @entity951 and with favorable response to treatment. Neither was there any difference found among the subgroups differing in the time interval between the onset of @entity662 and blood sampling. The time course of endothelin plasma concentrations showed elevated values lasting for more than 96 h after the index episode of prolonged @entity662 . No correlation with the subsequent clinical course could be inferred. Thus, plasma endothelin level was elevated in @entity1 with unstable @entity951 and @entity583 and the increase persisted for several days after the onset of symptoms.

title: Time course of @entity2232 plasma level in XXXX with acute coronary syndromes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vessel occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Dental implants have become increasingly common for the management of @entity2524 . Despite their placement in a contaminated surgical field, success rates are relatively high. This article reviews dental implants and highlights factors leading to @entity281 and potential implant failure. A literature search identified studies analysing the microbial composition of @entity737 . The microflora of @entity737 resembles that found in @entity7278 , featuring predominantly anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, in particular @entity2523 and @entity3288 , anaerobic Gram-negative cocci such as Veillonella spp. and spirochaetes including @entity14148 . The role of @entity794 and coagulase-negative staphylococci that are typically encountered in @entity281 is debatable, although they undoubtedly play a role when isolated from clinically infected sites. Likewise, the aetiological involvement of coliforms and Candida spp. requires further longitudinal studies. Currently, there are neither standardised antibiotic prophylactic regimens for dental implant placement nor universally accepted treatment for @entity737 . The treatment of infected implants is difficult and usually requires removal. In the UK there is no systematic post-surgical implant surveillance programme. Therefore, the development of such a project would be advisable and provide valuable epidemiological data.

title: A review of dental implants and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['dental peri-implantitis', 'peri-implant infections', 'peri-implantitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'orthopaedic infections']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The liver performs multiple functions within the @entity1 body. It is composed of numerous cell types, which play important roles in organ physiology. Our study centers on the major metabolic cell type of the liver, the hepatocyte, and its susceptibility to damage during @entity1445 . In these studies, hepatocytes were generated from a renewable and genetically defined resource. In vitro-derived hepatocytes were extensively profiled and exposed to varying levels of @entity1443 and plasma isolated from @entity1578 @entity1 , with a view to identifying noncoding microRNAs that could reduce drug- or serum-induced hepatotoxicity. We identified a novel anti-microRNA, which reduced @entity1443 -induced hepatotoxicity and @entity2041 depletion. Additionally, we identified a prosurvival role for anti-microRNA-324 following exposure to plasma collected from @entity1578 @entity1 . We believe that these studies represent an important advance for the field, demonstrating the power of stem cell-derived systems to model @entity1 biology "in a dish" and identify novel noncoding microRNAs, which could be translated to the clinic in the future. SIGNIFICANCE: The liver performs vital functions within the @entity1 body and is composed of numerous cell types. The major metabolic cell type of the liver, the hepatocyte, is susceptible to damage during @entity1445 . In these studies, hepatocytes were generated from a renewable resource and exposed to varying levels of @entity1443 , with a view to identifying interventions that could reduce or attenuate drug-induced liver @entity137 . A novel noncoding RNA that reduced @entity1443 -induced hepatocyte @entity137 was identified. These findings may represent an important advance for the field.

title: Reducing Hepatocyte Injury and Necrosis in Response to XXXX Using Noncoding RNAs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver-failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['drug overdose']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['Paracetamol']


abstract: A 30-year-old @entity1 was admitted to Mie University Hospital for recurrence of @entity227 with photopsia in the right eye. She had experienced the same episodes at the age of 15, 20, 25 and 28 years old. A diagnosis of retrobulbar @entity7995 had been made at each episode, but corticosteroid therapy failed to resolve the symptoms. Neurologic examination on admission was unremarkable except for the @entity2194 . Brain MRIs with and without @entity2287 enhancement were normal. On ophthalmologic examination, visual acuity was normal, but the Mariotte blind spot of the right eye was expanded. Ophthalmoscopic examination, visual evoked potential, flicker electro-oculogram and Hess test were normal. Multifocal electroretinogram (ERG) revealed reduction in the inferior temporal response of the right eye that corresponded to the expansion of the Mariotte blind spot These findings were consistent with conditions of acute @entity14930 (AZOOR). The visual symptoms of AZOOR thus resemble those of retrobulbar @entity7995 and findings of multifocal ERG were useful to differentiate them. AZOOR is a newly established condition, and it is necessary to pay more attention to AZOOR on the differential diagnoses of acute-onset @entity227 .

title: [Case of acute XXXX (AZOOR): a 15 years' mislabeling as retrobulbar @entity7995 ].

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect of the right eye']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['sudden visual field defect', 'mono ocular visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity14930 :: ('MESH:C538223', 'Disease') :: ['zonal occult outer retinopathy']

answer: @entity14930 :: (MESH:C538223,Disease) :: ['zonal occult outer retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The absence of major-vessel involvement is a crucial factor in the resectability and prognosis of @entity788 . However, arterial invasion cannot be evaluated adequately using imaging findings alone. We therefore developed a scoring system to assess arterial invasion by @entity788 using multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and serum @entity5 markers. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 who underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy for @entity788 were examined retrospectively using 4-, 16- or 64-row MDCT and serum @entity5 markers. Splenic arterial invasion was evaluated in terms of length of @entity5 contact, circumferential involvement (<180   or >= 180  ) and @entity455 . Preoperative expression of @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), DUPAN-2 and S-Pancreas-1 antigen (SPan-1) were also evaluated. The presence or absence of arterial invasion was confirmed histopathologically in all 20 cases. RESULTS: In 11 of 20 cases invasion into splenic arteries was observed histopathologically, mostly involving the external elastic lamina and periarterial nerves. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 100%, 88.9% and 95%, respectively, for length of @entity5 contact (<16  mm or >= 16  mm), 90.9%, 77.8% and 85% for circumferential involvement (<180   or >= 180  ), and 100%, 66.7% and 85% for @entity455 . Furthermore, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were all increased to 100% when @entity5 markers were included in the score. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT is a useful technique for diagnosing arterial invasion of @entity788 , even in comparison with pathological examination; however, this new scoring system can be further complemented and made more reliable by measurements of serous @entity5 markers.

title: A novel scoring system for arterial invasion of XXXX based on multidetector row computed tomography and biomarkers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic body and tail cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of vascular diameter']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic body and tail cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify antinuclear antibodies (ANA) specific for @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ), and in related conditions such as @entity239 ( @entity239 ) or @entity146 . METHODS: One hundred and fourteen @entity5815 @entity1 and 125 primary and secondary @entity239 @entity1 were selected based on criteria advocated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by the American College of Rheumatology, respectively. As controls, healthy subjects and @entity1 with either various @entity146 or diffuse connective tissue diseases were included. Autoantibodies were examined by immunoblot utilizing HeLa cell extracts as the antigen. RESULTS: Autoantibodies to a 68/ @entity11373 were present in 13.2 and 15.6% of @entity1 with @entity5815 and primary @entity239 , respectively. In addition, autoantibodies to a 45 kDa protein were found in 37.1 and 21.6% of the @entity1 with secondary @entity239 and @entity146 , respectively. Meanwhile, these two autoantibodies were not found at all in connective tissue disease @entity1 without @entity239 , nor in healthy subjects (P<0.05). As a group, the anti-68/48 kDa-positive @entity5815 @entity1 presented more frequently with @entity2147 (P<0.005), short-term @entity2730 (P<0.07) or difficulty in concentration (P<0.05) than those @entity5815 @entity1 without the antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the anti-68/ @entity11373 antibodies in a portion of both @entity5815 and primary @entity239 @entity1 suggests the existence of a common immunological background. These antibodies may find utility as possible markers for a clinicoserological subset of @entity5815 / @entity239 @entity1 with @entity2147 and @entity73 .

title: Autoantibodies to a 68/ @entity11373 in @entity5815 and @entity239 : a possible marker for @entity2147 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive complaints']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inadequately treated multifocal and @entity66 results in increased local recurrence following breast-conserving surgery. The accurate preoperative @entity0 would facilitate the planning of appropriate surgery and prevent reoperation for @entity66 . While triple assessment remains the established diagnostic technique, its sensitivity for the diagnosis of @entity66 remains poor. Dynamic contrast enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) of the breast represents an alternative emerging diagnostic modality that has been shown to be highly sensitive for the delineation of primary @entity0 . The aim of this study was to prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy of DCE-MRI of the breast with conventional triple assessment for the preoperative diagnosis of multifocal/centric @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from the symptomatic breast clinics. All @entity1 underwent standard triple assessment and DCE-MRI. The MRI scans were reported by a single radiologist blinded to the results of the triple assessment. Surgery was then planned accordingly to all available scan results and the specimens examined by a single pathologist. All @entity1 who did not undergo surgery have been followed up for a minimum of 18 months. RESULTS: A total of 334 @entity1 were recruited. There were 178 (52%) @entity5 that were histologically confirmed and multifocal/centric @entity0 was diagnosed provisionally by the preoperative investigations in 68 (38%); multifocal n = 33, multicentric n = 35, of these @entity1 . In this group, subsequent histology confirmed multifocal/centric disease in 50 (73.5%): multifocal n = 15, multicentric n = 35. Unifocal @entity5 was found in 15 (22%) and benign disease in 3 (4.4%). The resultant sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were 18%, 100%, 100%, and 76% for triple assessment and 100%, 86%, 73%, and 100% for DCE-MRI. CONCLUSION: DCE-MRI identified a subgroup of @entity0 @entity1 with multifocal/centric disease not evident on standard triple assessment. MRI of the breast should be considered for the preoperative planning of surgery for primary @entity0 .

title: Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the breast is superior to triple assessment for the pre-operative detection of multifocal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'diagnosis of multifocal/ centric breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'multicentric disease', 'multifocal disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity320 is notoriously resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. Melanoma-derived cell lines are often markedly chemoresistant, suggesting that cellular mechanisms mediate generation of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. This phenotype is often due to @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) and the @entity11092 ( @entity11092 ), which are drug transporter proteins associated with resistance to a broad spectrum of lipophilic drugs. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationships between the expression of the MDR gene @entity1262 (the product of which is @entity1262 ) or the @entity11092 gene, and clinical chemoresistance of @entity320 . METHODS: We examined changes in the expression of @entity1262 and @entity11092 genes at the mRNA level before and after chemotherapy by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis using @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections of 18 specimens taken from eight @entity320 @entity1 . mRNA expression of the @entity1262 and @entity11092 gene-specific PCR products was quantitatively determined by densitometry and compared with that of an internal standard ( @entity217 ). RESULTS: Five of seven primary @entity320 were found to express the @entity11092 gene to a certain extent even before chemotherapy. After first and second courses of chemotherapy, six @entity1 had an increased ratio of @entity11092 mRNA to @entity217 mRNA compared with the prechemotherapy levels in the same @entity1 . None of the cases of @entity320 expressed @entity1262 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a significant mRNA level of @entity11092 gene was intrinsically present in @entity320 even before exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs and increased in its expression after chemotherapy, suggesting that @entity11092 plays a part in increasing the chemoresistance of @entity320 during chemotherapy.

title: Chemotherapy induces or increases expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['MRP', 'MDR-associated protein']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This phase II study assessed the efficacy and @entity137 profile of a modified weekly @entity2600 and @entity900 for chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with metastatic/recurrent @entity1721 ( @entity957 ). METHODS: The eligibility criteria included histologically confirmed esophageal @entity957 , no prior chemotherapy, adequate organ functions and written informed consent. @entity1 received @entity2600 65 mg/m(2) plus @entity900 30 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 were assessed for response and @entity137 . Ten @entity1 achieved a partial response (31.3%; 95% CI, 16.0-50.0%). With a median follow-up of 19.0 months, median progression-free and overall survival was 4.4 and 9.6 months, respectively, with a 1-year survival rate of 27.4%. Grade (G) 3/4 @entity1398 was observed in 50.0% of the @entity1 , which was the most common cause of dose reduction or therapy delay. G3 non-hematologic @entity137 included seven (21.9%) asthenias, four (12.5%) diarrheas, and one (3.1%) @entity390 / @entity391 , but no G4 non-hematologic @entity137 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This modified weekly @entity2600 and @entity900 failed to ameliorate hematologic @entity137 and to improve efficacy. However, easy administration and favorable non-hematologic @entity137 as well as modest anti- @entity5 activity against metastatic or recurrent esophageal @entity957 can make this regimen a potential treatment option, given the complexity of administration and @entity137 of conventional infusional @entity1487 and @entity900 .

title: A phase II trial of modified weekly @entity2600 and @entity900 for chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with metastatic or recurrent XXXX of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known on the chronic effects of left ventricular pacing (LV) in @entity712 . METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 with LBBB, QRS >130 milliseconds, New York Heart Association class (Bradley DJ, Bradley EA, Braughman KL, et al. Cardiac resynchronization and @entity204 from progressive @entity712 : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2003;289:730-40.) II, LV ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%, and a class I cardioverter/defibrillator indication were implanted with CRT-D devices and were randomized to either LV or biventricular ( @entity3032 ) pacing. Response (defined as increases of >5 points increase of LVEF and/or > or = 10% 6-minute walking test [6MWT]) between LV and @entity3032 pacing were compared in an attempt to define the number of @entity1 needed to claim noninferiority of LV pacing. In addition, absolute change in LVEF at 12 months in @entity712 @entity1 treated with LV pacing was evaluated. The safety of LV pacing was assessed comparing the total number of @entity943 , of hospitalizations, and of deaths between the two pacing modes. RESULTS: The percentage of responders was comparable for both groups (LV = 75%, @entity3032 = 70%, P = .788); based on the 95% CI of the difference between the groups, 1100 @entity1 would be needed to claim noninferiority of LV pacing (with a 5% CI lower limit). LV pacing induced siginificant LVEF increase (5.2%, P = .002). These results remained unchanged after performing adjustment analyses. There were no differences in the numbers of @entity943 , hospitalizations, and @entity204 events between the 2 pacing modes. CONCLUSIONS: At 12 months, percentage of responders to LV pacing was similar to @entity3032 pacing. Furthermore, LV pacing achieved a significant increase of ejection fraction. LV pacing is both safe and feasible.

title: Comparison of 1-year effects of left ventricular and biventricular pacing in @entity1 with @entity712 who have XXXX and left bundle-branch block: the Bi vs Left Ventricular Pacing: an International Pilot Evaluation on @entity712 @entity1 with @entity943 (BELIEVE) multicenter prospective randomized pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmia episodes']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) with using a preganglionic approach for treating @entity614 when the @entity614 was located at the level of the supra-adjacent intervertebral disc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of the @entity1 who received conventional TFESI at our department from June 2003 to May 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. TFESI was performed in a total of 13 cases at the level of the exiting nerve root, in which the @entity614 was at the level of the supra-adjacent intervertebral disc (the conventional TFESI group). Since June 2004, we have performed TFESI with using a preganglionic approach at the level of the supra-adjacent intervertebral disc (for example, at the neural foramen of L4-5 for the L5 nerve root) if the @entity614 was at the level of the supra-adjacent intervertebral disc. Using the inclusion criteria described above, 20 of these @entity1 were also consecutively enrolled in our study (the preganglionic TFESI group). The treatment outcome was assessed using a 5-point @entity1 satisfaction scale and by using a VAS (visual assessment scale). A successful outcome required a @entity1 satisfaction scale score of 3 (very good) or 4 (excellent), and a reduction on the VAS score of > 50% two weeks after performing TFESI. Logistic regression analysis was also performed. RESULTS: Of the 13 @entity1 in the conventional TFESI group, nine showed satisfactory improvement two weeks after TFESI (69.2%). However, in the preganglionic TFESI group, 18 of the 20 @entity1 (90%) showed satisfactory improvement. The difference between the two approaches in terms of TFESI effectiveness was of borderline significance (p = 0.056; odds ratio: 10.483). CONCLUSION: We conclude that preganglionic TFESI has the better therapeutic effect on @entity614 caused by @entity614 at the level of the supra-adjacent disc than does conventional TFESI, and the difference between the two treatments had borderline statistical significance.

title: Transforaminal epidural steroid injection for XXXX : preganglionic versus conventional approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy', 'nerve root compression']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral radiculopathy']


abstract: The determination of protein M and T serotypes, biotypes and pyrogenic (erythrogenic) exotoxin A (SPE A), @entity18778 (SLO), streptokinase (SK), hyaluronidase (HA) and @entity462 proteinase release by 212 @entity4195 isolates from @entity1 with severe invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) @entity281 , among them 74 cases of streptococcal @entity137 (STSS) has been investigated. M1 or M3 serotypes were expressed by 25% of the isolates (53/212), whereas 59% (125/212) belonged to 15 other different serotypes and 16% (34/212) were untypeable. Of the 74 isolates from STSS @entity1 , 42% (31/74) expressed M1 and to a lesser extent M3 serotypes versus 19% of the non STSS isolates (26/138). Among the ten different biotypes known, biotypes 1 and 3 were prevalent, particularly the former in the case of STSS isolates. SPE A was detectably produced by about 25% (54/212) of the strains. However, as high as 40.5% of the STSS isolates (30/74) versus 17.4% of non STSS isolates (24/138) released SPE A. Moreover, 67% of the SPE A producing strains were of serotype M1 or M3. SK and HA were released by 71% and 10% of the isolates respectively. All strains released SLO (4 to 256 HU/ml) and 85% @entity462 proteinase. No relationship between toxin or enzyme titer and the type of disease or clinical origin of the strains was found. Culture supernatants of all isolates showed moderate to high lymphocyte transforming activity with index values ranging from 14.5 to 50.3 including those strains which did not release detectable amounts of SPE A suggesting that SPE C and other mitogenic factor(s) are released by the isolates investigated.

title: Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A, @entity18778 , exoenzymes, serotype and biotype profiles of @entity4195 isolates from XXXX with @entity137 and other severe @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity18778 :: ('MESH:C025964', 'Chemical') :: ['streptolysin O']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Bariatric surgery is currently the only effective treatment option for morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . There has been observed a considerable disproportion between the number of procedures conducted in Poland and the number of @entity1 requiring such treatment. There are no studies assessing bariatric knowledge among general practitioners who play crucial role in polish health care system. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of general practitioners regarding bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire conducted among 282 general practitioners in 2010-2011 during local educational conferences. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions relating to fundamental issues of bariatric surgery. RESULTS: Only one twelfth (8.1%) of the general practitioners questioned knows the indications for bariatric surgery, can apply them, and has epidemiological awareness. 61.5% of general practitioners know the surgical procedures used for the treatment of @entity28 , whereas 58% of them show the knowledge of surgical technique in which they are performed. Only 23% of general practitioners were aware that bariatric surgery decreases @entity5 risk. 92% of the @entity1 noticed a necessity of education regarding the surgical treatment of @entity28 . CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric knowledge among general practitioners is not adequate to scientific research results published during the last years. Most general practitioners who participated in our study are aware of that and are awaiting for educational programmes focused on this issue.

title: Assessment of the knowledge of GPS considering the surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as @entity117 prevent @entity65 and several prior studies suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also @entity1069 and @entity263 risk. We investigated the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, @entity1486 and prostate volume, hypothesizing that there would be lower @entity1486 and prostate volume with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Nashville @entity1 's Health Study uses a multicenter, rapid recruitment protocol to collect clinical, biological, behavioral and body measurement data on 1,277 @entity1 older than 40 years who are scheduled for diagnostic prostate biopsy. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use was ascertained by survey and clinical interview. Medical charts were reviewed to ascertain current @entity1486 , prostate volume and clinical diagnoses following biopsy. RESULTS: Approximately 46% of @entity1 reported receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, primarily @entity117 (37%). After adjusting for age, race and other factors prostate volume was similar between @entity117 users and nonusers (47.6 vs 46.0 ml, p = 0.16). In contrast, @entity1486 was significantly lower in @entity117 users (7.3 vs 8.0 ng/ml, p = 0.01). The association between @entity1486 and @entity117 was significant in @entity1 with @entity263 (6.1 vs 7.3 ng/ml, p <0.01), marginal in @entity1 with high grade @entity5436 (5.0 vs 5.9 ng/ml, p = 0.09) and nonsignificant in those with a negative biopsy (5.6 vs 5.7 ng/ml, p = 0.64). The strongest @entity1486 - @entity117 association was in @entity1 with @entity5 and a prostate volume of 60 ml or more (7.3 vs 12.7 ng/ml, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1486 was significantly lower in @entity117 users with latent @entity5 . Prostate volume was not associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Results suggest that @entity117 may affect @entity263 detection, suggesting a potential detection bias to address in future studies of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and @entity263 prevention.

title: Association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, XXXX and prostate volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'latent prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['decrease prostate inflammation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen', 'Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a home-based exercise intervention targeting fall risk in older adults with @entity15 . DESIGN: A randomized controlled pilot trial. SETTING: A home-based exercise program. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly allocated to either a home-based exercise intervention group (n = 13) or a waiting list control group (n = 14). The exercise group completed exercises targeting lower muscle strength and balance three times a week for 12 weeks. The control group continued normal activity. MEASURES: Fall risk (Physiological Profile Assessment scores), balance (Berg Balance Scale), and walking testing prior to and immediately following the 12-week intervention. Each outcome measure was placed in an analysis of covariance with group as the between-subject factor and baseline values as the covariate. Effect sizes were calculated. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 from the control group and ten from the exercise group completed the study. There were no related adverse events. Fall risk was found to decrease in the exercise group following the intervention (1.1 SD 1.0 vs. 0.6 SD 0.6) while there was an increase in fall risk in the control group (1.9 SD 1.5 vs. 2.2 SD 1.9). Effect sizes for most outcomes were large (  (2) > 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Home-based exercise was found to be feasible, safe, and effective for reducing physiological fall risk in older adults with @entity15 . Our findings support the implementation of a larger trial to reduce fall risk in @entity1 with @entity15 .

title: Home-based exercise program and fall-risk reduction in older adults with XXXX : phase 1 randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: 1. Variations in renal microstructure between the @entity12128 and Senegal dove were consistent with their relative renal concentrating abilities (urine/plasma ratios of 2-8 and 1-7, respectively). Compared with dove kidneys, those of the finch contained a higher fraction of @entity1 -type nephrons (with Henle's loops), and a lower fraction of reptilian-type nephrons (without loops). 2. Singing honeyeaters concentrated their urine almost as well as zebra finches, although honeyeater kidneys were less specialized (fewer @entity1 -type nephrons). Such findings emphasize the need to clarify other osmoregulatory parameters. 3. No significant microstructural differences were found in the kidneys of domesticated as compared with those of wild zebra finches. Hence, osmoregulatory differences between tame and wild birds must be related to physiological factors rather than morphological. 4. @entity8 seemed to be directly correlated with urine concentrating ability. However, certain inconsistencies obscure this relationship such that its resolution will require further research. 5. Histological features of the mucosae of the colon and cloaca are described. The galah and kookaburra displayed a @entity1 (non-villous) pattern of mucosal organization. Zebra finches, singing honeyeaters, and particularly @entity6498 , @entity694 and hence an increased surface area per volume in this region of the gut. This raises the possibility that the colon and cloaca are involved in uring concentration and osmoregulatory activities in these species.

title: XXXX and cloacal morphology in certain Australian birds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Thickness of the renal medulla']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['possessed colonic and cloacal villi']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Structural-functional correlations in the kidneys and observations of colon']


abstract: This study evaluated recovery after a fixed dose of @entity1363 as induction agent and the influence of @entity5757 on recovery parameters in @entity1 undergoing day-case surgery (arthroscopy of the knee). In 40 unpremedicated @entity1 , anaesthesia was induced with @entity1363 0.2 mg/kg, @entity3369 0.1 mg/kg intravenously and 3 vol.% @entity5161 in @entity26 prior to intubation. Anaesthesia was maintained with @entity3810 66% in @entity26 and 0.9 vol.% @entity5161 . Ten minutes after the end of anaesthesia 20 @entity1 received 0.2 mg @entity5757 intravenously, followed by increments of 0.1 mg at 60 s intervals until eye opening. Recovery was assessed by the time to eye-opening, to answering five set questions correctly, and to recovering ocular balance (Maddox Wing test), and by comparing pre- and postoperative performance in a pencil and paper test (the p-deletion test). With the exception of ocular balance, all parameters showed a quicker improvement without side-effects in the @entity5757 group. After 4 h all @entity1 were fit for discharge. One month after the procedure, all @entity1 were satisfied with the anaesthesia. Full recovery took on average 1.5 days (range between 0 h-10 days). Whilst the technique employing a fixed dose of @entity1363 as induction agent gives satisfactory intraoperative anaesthesia for day-case arthroscopy, further improvement can be made with the use of @entity5757 which hastens recovery.

title: Recovery from fixed-dose XXXX -induced anaesthesia and antagonism with @entity5757 for outpatient arthroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium bromide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the 5-year outcome of @entity1 treated with gold-coated stent placement. BACKGROUND: We have previously shown in the setting of a randomized trial that gold-coated stents are associated with worse mid-term outcome, mainly because of an increased risk of @entity256 , compared to uncoated stents. The long-term outcome and, in particular, mortality risk after implantation of gold-coated stents are not known. METHODS: A total of 731 @entity1 with symptoms or signs of @entity63 received randomly either a gold-coated (n = 367) or an uncoated steel stent (n = 364) of identical design. @entity1 were clinically followed-up at 1 and 5 years. The primary endpoint of the study was the composite of major @entity299 ( @entity204 , @entity583 , or target vessel revascularization (TVR)). The incidence of @entity204 was a secondary endpoint. RESULTS: Five-year follow-up was available in 97.5% of the @entity1 . The composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , or TVR occurred in 51% of the @entity1 treated with gold-coated stents and 40% of the @entity1 treated with uncoated stents (P = 0.005). Of note, there was a marked increase in the absolute difference in mortality between @entity1 in the gold-coated and uncoated stent groups, from 1.6% at 1 year to 4.9% after 5-year follow-up (P = 0.09). A multivariate analysis showed that gold-coated stent implantation was independently associated with 5-year mortality (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.09; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Gold-coated stents are associated with a sustained increased overall risk for major @entity299 , and notably, they may increase the long-term mortality risk.

title: Sustained increased risk of adverse XXXX over 5 years after implantation of gold-coated coronary stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) may be increased during @entity516 for minimally invasive surgery, after high tension repairs of congenital abdominal wall defects, major abdominal surgery, liver transplantation, @entity1661 , @entity298 or @entity2616 . The aim of this study was to investigate hemodynamic changes during elevation of IAP using an experimental setting, which mirrors anatomical and physiological conditions of neonates and small @entity1 as closely as possible. METHODS: In five fasted, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated and multicatheterized @entity95 , the IAP was gradually increased by intra-abdominal infusion of normal saline (total volume 1000 ml). At baseline and after each infusion of 100 ml normal saline cardiac output (CO, transcardiopulmonary thermodilution), pressure in the superior (SVCP) and inferior vena cava (IVCP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), peak airway pressure (PAP) and IAP was recorded. RESULTS: During the study, IAP, SVCP and IVCP increased significantly. IVCP was significantly higher than SVCP from timepoint 200 ml to study end. After abdominal decompression IAP, SVCP and IVCP decreased to baseline levels. Changes in MAP were not significant. CO increased significantly from baseline to timepoint 200 ml (peak value), remained nearly constant until timepoint 800 ml and decreased thereafter until the abdominal infusion ceased. After abdominal decompression CO returned to baseline level. SVCP, IVCP and PAP correlated significantly with IAP (SVCP, r = 0.73; IVCP, r = 0.97; PAP, r = 0.94; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The hemodynamic changes caused by increased IAP cannot be recognized by routine monitoring of arterial blood pressure and transcutaneous @entity26 saturation. The increase in central venous pressure may be misinterpreted as an elevation of cardiac preload. One major effect of a prolonged increase in IAP is a decreased CO.

title: Hemodynamic changes during acute elevation of intra-abdominal pressure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few randomized clinical studies have evaluated the impact of diet and physical activity on @entity251 levels in obese @entity1 with conflicting results. Conversely, studies on bariatric surgery in @entity1 generally have shown an increase in @entity251 levels. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of available trials on the effect of body @entity353 on sex hormones levels. DESIGN: Meta-analysis. METHODS: An extensive Medline search was performed including the following words: ' @entity251 ', 'diet', ' @entity353 ', 'bariatric surgery', and 'males'. The search was restricted to data from January 1, 1969 up to August 31, 2012. RESULTS: Out of 266 retrieved articles, 24 were included in the study. Of the latter, 22 evaluated the effect of diet or bariatric surgery, whereas two compared diet and bariatric surgery. Overall, both a low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery are associated with a significant (P<0.0001) increase in plasma sex hormone-binding globulin-bound and -unbound @entity251 levels (total @entity251 (TT)), with bariatric surgery being more effective in comparison with the low-calorie diet (TT increase: 8.73 (6.51-10.95) vs 2.87 (1.68-4.07) for bariatric surgery and the low-calorie diet, respectively; both P<0.0001 vs baseline). @entity342 rise is greater in those @entity1 who lose more weight as well as in younger, non-diabetic subjects with a greater degree of @entity28 . Body @entity353 is also associated with a decrease in @entity53 and an increase in gonadotropins levels. Multiple regression analysis shows that the degree of body @entity353 is the best determinant of TT rise (B=2.50  0.98, P=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that @entity353 is associated with an increase in both bound and unbound @entity251 levels. The normalization of sex hormones induced by body @entity353 is a possible mechanism contributing to the beneficial effects of surgery in morbid @entity28 .

title: Body XXXX reverts @entity28 -associated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgen']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pedicled masseter muscle transfer (PMMT) is introduced as a new reconstructive option for dynamic smile restoration in @entity1 with @entity3541 . The masseter muscle is detached from both its origin and insertion and transferred to a new position to imitate the function of the native zygomaticus major muscle. METHODS: Part one of this study consisted of cadaveric dissections of 4 heads (eight sides) in order to determine whether the masseter muscle could be (a) pedicled solely by its dominant neurovascular bundle and (b) repositioned directly over the native zygomaticus major. The second part of the study consisted of clinical assessments in three @entity1 in order to confirm the applicability of this muscle transfer. Commissure excursion and vector of contraction following PMMT were compared to the non-paralyzed side. RESULTS: In all eight sides, the masseter muscles were successfully isolated on their pedicle and transposed on top of and in-line with the ipsilateral zygomaticus major. The mean length of the masseter and its angle from Frankfurt's horizontal line after transposition compared favorably to the native zygomaticus major muscle. In the clinical cases, the mean commissure movements of the paralyzed and normal sides were 7  mm and 12  mm respectively. The mean angles of commissural movement for the paralyzed and normal sides were 62   and 59   respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The PMMT can be used as a dynamic reconstruction for @entity1 with permanent @entity3541 . As we gain experience with the PMMT, it may be possible to use it as a first-line option for @entity1 not eligible for free micro-neurovascular reconstruction.

title: The pedicled masseter muscle transfer for smile reconstruction in XXXX : repositioning the origin and insertion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial paralysis']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of graded levels of Enterolobium cyclocarpum pods in the ration on feed intake and digestibility by Pelibuey @entity742 . Five dietary treatments were imposed where ground pods replaced concentrate diet at 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % of @entity62 ( @entity62 ), respectively. The concentrate portion was composed of ground @entity1101 , @entity1460 meal, cane molasses and minerals. Five entire Pelibuey @entity742 with initial bodyweight 34    2 kg were allocated in the treatments in a 5   5 Latin square design. Values of @entity62 intake (DMI) and @entity62 ( @entity1555 ) and organic matter ( @entity39000 ) digestibility were measured and metabolisable energy intake (MEI) estimated. Rumen degradation constants for E. cyclocarpum were also measured. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in average DMI (86.6 g/kg(0.75)) and OMI (81.2 g/kg(0.75)) among treatments. As the level of incorporation of E. cyclocarpum pods increased, @entity62 and OMI increased, whereas apparent @entity1555 and @entity39000 decreased linearly. Average digestible @entity62 (65 g/kg(0.75)) and OM (61 g/kg(0.75)) intakes were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. Similarly, MEI (0.976 MJ ME kg(0.75)/day) was not different (P > 0.05) among treatments. The potential rumen degradation (A + B) of ground pods of E. cyclocarpum was 866.4 g/kg @entity62 . Ground pods of E. cyclocarpum can be employed for lamb feeding up to 50 % of the ration, without affecting DMI, @entity62 apparent digestibility and MEI.

title: Dry matter intake and digestibility of rations replacing concentrates with graded levels of Enterolobium cyclocarpum in Pelibuey XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['dry matter', 'DM', 'voluntary DMI']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute swelling of the parotid glands after general anesthesia has become known as anesthesia mumps. Its cause is unknown. Only one case of postsurgical @entity8174 without general anesthesia is reported. This report describes three cases in this setting after plastic surgery. CASE 1: A 37-year-old @entity1 underwent breast surgery and abdominoplasty with a dual @entity616 ( @entity1341 0.5  %). The operative time totaled almost 6  h. Subsequently, 4  h after surgery, the @entity1 experienced painless bilateral @entity4 without palpable crepitus. The @entity4 resolved completely within 12  h under clinical observation and parenteral hydration. CASE 2: A 45-year-old @entity1 received subglandular breast implants and body contouring with liposuction, all with the @entity1 under a dual @entity616 with 0.5  % @entity1341 . The total surgical time was 5  h. Subsequently, 3  h after surgery, the @entity1 experienced a similar clinical presentation. The problem resolved completely in 36  h with clinical observation and parenteral hydration. CASE 3: A 30-year-old @entity1 received a subglandular breast implant and underwent liposuction of the outer thighs using a dual @entity616 with @entity3303 1  %. The duration of surgery was 1  h. Subsequently, 5  h postoperatively, the @entity1 experienced a similar clinical presentation. @entity619 and parenteral hydration were administered. The problem resolved completely in 48  h without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of @entity8174 in @entity1 undergoing surgery under epidural anesthesia is a novel situation, which increases the range of possible etiologies for this little known condition. Dehydration leading to transient parotid secretion obstruction may play a significant role. Further reports of @entity8174 occurring in the regional anesthesia setting are expected to help elucidate its pathophysiology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

title: XXXX after epidural anesthesia in plastic surgery: report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['parotid swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'marcaine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic/lumbar epidural block']

answer: @entity8174 :: (MESH:D010309,Disease) :: ['Parotitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the prognosis and metastatic route of @entity2622 with @entity43 . METHOD: From 1980 to 1993, 10 of the 1507 @entity1 with @entity2622 operated and who had @entity43 were analyzed. RESULTS: Six @entity1 had @entity957 and 4 @entity1 had @entity420 . Their mean age was 45 years. Six of 9 @entity1 undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy had nodal @entity3 . One @entity1 did not have nodal dissection in the treatment course. Five of 10 @entity1 had involvement of corpus: 3 were accompanied with nodal @entity3 , 1 was not and 1 other was unknown. None of our cases survived more than 5 years. Their mean survival time was 20.8 months for @entity957 and 29 months for @entity420 . CONCLUSIONS: (1) Ovarian @entity3 is histologically one of the ominous signs of @entity2622 regardless of stage. The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity43 from @entity957 from our data is not different from those from cervical @entity420 . (2) Lymphatic spread and transtubal implantation are possible pathways of @entity5 metastasizing to ovary, and involvement of the corpus may potentiate this mechanism.

title: Ovarian @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cervical squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinomas', 'cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test the feasibility and effectiveness of Project ASSERT, an innovative program developed by us to facilitate access to the substance abuse treatment system and to primary care and preventive services for emergency department @entity1 with drug- and @entity167 -related health problems. METHOD: Multicultural health promotion advocates (HPAs) were trained by @entity2613 personnel to screen @entity1 using a health needs history, to administer a brief negotiated interview based on readiness-to-change principles, and to use an active referral process to capture the marginal capacity of the substance abuse treatment system. Outcome measures included (1) number of referrals to the substance abuse treatment system, (2) @entity1 self-report of satisfaction with services received from Project ASSERT and utilization of treatment resources, and (3) changes in self-reported frequency of drug and @entity167 use and in Drug Abuse Screening Test scores between enrollment and follow-up at 60 to 90 days. RESULTS: Between @entity3490 , 1995, and February 29, 1996, 7,118 adult @entity2613 @entity1 were screened. @entity734 was detected among 2,931 @entity1 (41%), and 1,096 (37% of detected @entity1 ) were enrolled. A total of 8,848 referrals were made: 3,189 to primary care, 2,018 to a variety of substance abuse treatment services, 2,253 for smoking cessation, 339 for mammography, and 689 to other support services (eg, @entity146 nurse, social worker, battered @entity1 's advocate or shelter). Comparison of enrollment and follow-up scores for the 245 enrollees who kept a follow-up appointment demonstrated significant reductions, including a 45% reduction in severity of drug problem, a 56% reduction in @entity167 use, and a 64% reduction in the frequency of drinking six or more drinks at one sitting. At follow-up, @entity1 expressed satisfaction with Project ASSERT: 91% were satisfied with their referrals; 93% thought the HPAs explained things well; and 99% thought the HPAs respected them as individuals. Among the follow-up group, 50% self-reported that they had kept an appointment for treatment. CONCLUSION: Project ASSERT is an innovative approach to link @entity2613 @entity1 with the substance abuse treatment system and with primary care and other preventive services. Its success is further demonstrated by its adoption by Boston Medical Center as a funded @entity2613 value-added service.

title: Project ASSERT: an XXXX -based intervention to increase access to primary care, preventive services, and the substance abuse treatment system.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Substance abuse']

answer: @entity2613 :: (MESH:C536181,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: Sistan and Baluchestan province, South-East of Iran, has been reported as an endemic area of @entity311 [Sadrizadeh B. @entity311 in the world, in the eastern Mediterranean region and in Iran: Review article. WHO/EMRO Report 2001: 1-13.]. The main objective of this research was to perform rapid and correct diagnoses of @entity281 . Blood specimens were collected from 140 suspected volunteers. The Giemsa-stained slides examination and nested PCR for amplification of the @entity3964 small subunit ribosomal genes (ssrRNA) were utilized. The results demonstrated 118 out of 140 cases (84.3%) positive for @entity311 parasites, including 60.7%, 20.7% and 2.9% as having @entity3965 (P.v), @entity3964 (P.f) and @entity325 (P.v+P.f), respectively by microscopy. The nested PCR detected @entity311 parasites in 134 samples (94.3%), consisting of 51.4% P.v, 12.6% P.f and 29.3% @entity325 . The PCR analysis detected 37 cases of @entity325 more than that of the routine microscopy. These results suggested that there are a considerable number of cases with @entity325 in the study area that mainly remain undiagnosed by microscopy. It is also concluded that the nested PCR is a suitable complement to microscopy for accurate specific diagnosis of @entity311 species in field.

title: High rate of detection of @entity325 of XXXX and @entity3964 in South-East of Iran, using nested PCR.

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium vivax']


abstract: Abnormal spontaneous activity of sensory neurons is observed in many different @entity158 models, but its basis is not well understood. In this study mechanical and cold @entity56 were induced in @entity35 after @entity32 of the L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG), initiated by local application of the immune stimulator zymosan in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Mechanical @entity56 was evident by day 1 and maintained for 2 months. The model also showed reduction of rearing behavior in a novel environment. Microelectrode recordings made in isolated whole DRG on day 3 after @entity32 showed a marked increase of spontaneous activity, predominantly with a bursting pattern. The incidence was especially high (44%) in Aab cells. Spontaneous activity and subthreshold membrane potential oscillations were completely blocked by @entity1022 (500 nM) and by @entity10891 (10  M), a blocker of persistent @entity1372 currents. In vivo, local perfusion of the inflamed DRG for the first 7 days with @entity10891 gave long-lasting, dose-dependent reduction in mechanical @entity158 behaviors. @entity10891 perfusion did not affect mechanical sensitivity in normal animals. Unmyelinated C cells had a very low incidence of spontaneous activity and were much less affected by @entity10891 in vitro. Taken together these results suggest that high-frequency and/or bursting spontaneous activity in Aab sensory neurons may play important roles in initiating @entity158 behaviors resulting from inflammatory irritation of the DRG.

title: Bursting activity in myelinated sensory neurons plays a key role in @entity158 behavior induced by localized XXXX of the @entity35 sensory ganglion.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity10891 :: ('MESH:D019782', 'Chemical') :: ['Riluzole', 'riluzole']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['preclinical pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term survival of @entity1 treated for @entity978 permits careful evaluation of long-term complications and excess mortality. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1960 and 1995, 2498 @entity1 who were treated for @entity978 at Stanford University were evaluated. Survival, freedom from relapse, and important complications of therapy ( @entity299 and @entity5 ) were analyzed, and risk of mortality from all causes was calculated utilizing absolute excess risk calculations. RESULTS: The risk of @entity204 from @entity978 is 17% at 15 years of follow-up and increases only slightly thereafter. The risk of @entity204 from other causes is also 17% at 15 years, but increases sharply thereafter. The major causes of mortality (other than @entity978 ) are @entity5 and @entity299 . @entity5 with significant increase in risk include @entity1778 (acute nonlymphocytic), @entity1893 , lung/ @entity5 , @entity0 , @entity320 , soft tissue and @entity79 , @entity5 , @entity5 , @entity259 , and @entity788 . The absolute excess risk of @entity204 from causes other than @entity978 increases during each five-year follow-up interval for at least 25 years. However, the absolute excess risk of @entity204 during similar follow-up periods is less for @entity1 treated in more recent years (1980-1995) than in the prior treatment era (1962-1980). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality for causes other than @entity978 is important in the long-term follow-up of @entity1 . Causes of @entity204 are often treatment related. Changes in treatment programs can reduce the long-term excess risk of @entity204 from complications of therapy.

title: XXXX : complications of therapy and excess mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stomach cancer', 'secondary cancers', 'pleural cancer', 'salivary gland tumors', 'Second cancers']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrospective analysis of the clinical efficacy and feasibility of @entity1 with thoracolumbar @entity3083 with @entity4340 @entity733 treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage. METHOD: A total of 18 @entity1 with thoracolumbar @entity378 ( @entity378 ), between February 2007 and February 2011, underwent one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage. And the clinical efficacy was evaluated based on surgery duration time, the @entity190 , the postural drainage of time, neurological status that was recorded by American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, the fate of bone graft fusion, @entity1513 angle, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and @entity1851 (CRP), which were collected at certain time. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 34 months (range 18-48 months). 18 @entity1 suffered from seriously neurological deficits pre-operatively, of which 16 @entity1 returned to normal at final follow-up. The surgery duration time was 197    37.9 min, and the @entity190 was 815    348.5 ml. The postural drainage of time was 7.2    2.7 days. The @entity4340 @entity733 disappeared in all cases, within the time range of 6-9 months (mean 7.4    1.2 months). All @entity1 of the grafted bones were thoroughly fused, with a fusion time ranging from 4 to 12 months (mean 7.8 months). @entity1513 angle was 44.32    7.26   on average pre-operative and returned to 11.72    2.85   at 6 weeks after operation; @entity1513 angle was 13.10    2.39   at final follow-up. The values of ESR and CRP were significant declined at 6 weeks post-operative, and returned to normal levels at final follow-up. CONCLUSION: With standardized anti- @entity378 chemotherapy, thoracolumbar @entity3083 with @entity4340 @entity733 could be effectively treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage.

title: Thoracolumbar @entity3083 with XXXX @entity733 treated by one-stage posterior transforaminal lumbar debridement, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, and postural drainage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity4340 :: (MESH:D016659,Disease) :: ['psoas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the optimal treatment selection for treating varicocele (VC) @entity4810 @entity1 accompanied with @entity6660 or @entity3893 of different Chinese medical syndrome types by comparing the efficacies of integrative medicine. METHODS: One hundred and twenty @entity4810 @entity1 with VC accompanied with @entity6660 or @entity3893 were assigned to Chinese medical treatment group (A) and the surgical group (B), each consisting of three Chinese medical syndrome types, i.e., damp-heat stagnation syndrome ( @entity42326 ), @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), and @entity1503 stagnation syndrome (BSSS), 20 in each group. Corresponding Chinese medical treatment was administered to those in Group A, C, and E, while microscopic ligation of internal vena spermatic was administered to those in Group B, D, and F. The routine analysis of semen, biochemical analysis of seminal plasma, and serum sex hormones (prolactin, @entity251 , follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and @entity53 ) were performed before treatment and by the end of the 24th week after treatment. RESULTS: Totally 18 @entity1 ' spouses were pregnant. Of them, 1 in Group A of @entity42326 (abbreviated as Group A), 3 in Group B of @entity42326 (abbreviated as Group B), 4 in Group A of SDB-SS (abbreviated as Group C), 5 in Group A of @entity1503 (abbreviated as Group D), 1 in Group A of BSSS (abbreviated as Group E), and 4 in Group B of BSSS (abbreviated as Group F). After 24-week treatment, the sperm concentration, class a sperm percentage, class a + b sperm percentage, the motility rate, the seminal plasma of @entity948 density, and the seminal plasma neutral alpha-glucosidase were more significantly improved in Group B, C, D and F, when compared with the same group before treatment (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). There was no statistical difference in the aforesaid indices between before and after treatment in Group A and Group E (P >0.05). As for the improvement percentage of seminal routine indices, the difference of the seminal plasma of @entity948 density, and the difference of seminal plasma neutral alpha-glucosidase between before and after treatment in the same Chinese medical syndrome types, better effects were obtained in Group B than in Group A (P <0.01), and better effects were obtained in Group F than in Group E (P <0.01). There was no statistical difference between Group C and D (P >0.05). There was no statistical difference in the 5 items of sex hormones in each group between before and after treatment (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment could effectively improve the semen quality for @entity4810 VC @entity1 accompanied with @entity6660 or @entity3893 . Of them, Chinese medical treatment could be recommended to those of @entity1503 who would not receive surgical treatment.

title: [Treatment of varicocele infertility @entity1 XXXX of different Chinese medical syndrome types by integrative medicine treatment selection: a primary research].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood stasis', 'Shen-deficiency blood stasis syndrome', 'SDBSS']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Orbitofrontal @entity82 often involves the bony orbit and the optic canal. Although @entity82 reportedly produces compression of the optic nerve leading to visual distrubances, optic nerve decompression in @entity1 without clinical signs of @entity1781 is still controversial. We describe two @entity1 with orbitofrontal @entity82 without signs of @entity227 and one @entity1 with @entity4262 and progressive @entity227 . @entity1781 was performed prophylactically for two @entity1 and therapeutically for one @entity1 through the transcranial extradural route. Dystopias and @entity2122 induced by @entity82 also were corrected. The micropressure suction-irrigation system was especially effective for decreasing heat transfer and thereby preventing thermal injury of the optic nerve. The orbitofrontal area was reconstructed from cranial bone, iliac bone, and ribs. Postoperative follow-up revealed no disturbances in visual function and no evidence of @entity5173 . These findings suggest that optic nerve decompression may be effective in preventing @entity227 with minimal risk of other @entity16 . Subsequent orbital reconstruction yielded satisfactory cosmetic results.

title: XXXX for orbitofrontal @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial deformities']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances', 'visual disturbance', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['McCune-Albright syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['Optic nerve decompression', 'optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['Optic nerve decompression']


abstract: This article is the fourth in a series of four providing current, state-of-the-art information about the @entity286 problem and how physicians can effectively intervene. The articles review the health effects of second-hand smoke, current treatment strategies for @entity1239 addiction and the implementation of best practices, such as the "5 As," to effectively intervene with families with smokers. Three of the articles are accredited for free continuing medical education (CME) credit for physicians. To obtain AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)TM for this article, please go online to www.PedsEducation.org, your source for free continuing medical education from Nemours. Choose "Online Education" and the article, and complete the post-test as directed. CME accreditation for this educational presentation is provided at no cost as a service of Nemours, one of the nation's largest @entity1 's health systems. Nemours is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Nemours designates this educational activity for a maximum of .5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s). Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. This article will focus on the prevention of adolescent smoking and discuss a global approach to the @entity286 problem among youth. It also reviews the rationale for and pharmacology of treating @entity1239 addiction to empower physicians to assist smokers with quitting. By reading the article and completing the post-test, it is anticipated that the following learning objectives will be met: Physicians will become familiar with: 1) Options for treating @entity1239 addiction, 2) The unique aspects of the @entity286 problem in adolescence, 3) The risk factors for teen smoking initiation.

title: Preventing and treating XXXX addiction: a review with emphasis on adolescent health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: OBJECT: The management of non-life threatening spontaneous @entity548 with no obvious medical etiology in @entity1 and the lack of findings on images has not been clearly defined. In general, the current practice is to treat these @entity1 conservatively and repeat studies to rule out a treatable cause 6 weeks to 3 months later; more often than not these repeated studies fail to reveal any findings, and the @entity1 is treated conservatively. For years, the senior author (R.C.H.) has treated these @entity1 with early surgical exploration. This study was undertaken prospectively to ascertain the frequency of positive findings during surgical exploration. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2007, the authors prospectively collected data from 9 cases (4 cerebellar, 4 lobar, and 1 caudate head) of unexplained intraparenchymal hemorrhages. The @entity1 age ranged from 18 to 45 years (mean 31.2 years). All @entity1 were normotensive, had no underlying medical problems explaining such a @entity548 , and failed to exhibit findings on cerebral angiograms. Magnetic resonance images with contrast showed no abnormal vasculature or enhancement. Eight @entity1 underwent elective surgical exploration in the subacute stage, and urgent decompression of the clot was necessary in 1. RESULTS: In 7 (77.8%) of the 9 cases, histopathological examination revealed a cause for the @entity548 (3 "cryptic" @entity2758 , 3 cavernomas, and 1 @entity5 ). A good outcome was achieved in all 8 @entity1 who underwent elective surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend elective surgical exploration of intracerebral @entity1410 of unknown etiology provided that the @entity1410 is surgically accessible and the @entity1 is relatively young and healthy. Early exploration and resection can provide a cure and eliminate the risk of rebleeding when a @entity455 is found or guide further treatment in cases of @entity5 .

title: Early elective surgical exploration of spontaneous intracerebral XXXX of unknown origin.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraparenchymal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematomas']


abstract: @entity2661 , acting through adrenergic receptors, play an important role in modulating the effects of insulin on @entity413 metabolism. Insulin activation of glycogen synthesis is mediated in part by the inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). In this study, @entity2922 regulation of @entity9096 was investigated in @entity35 -1 fibroblasts stably expressing the @entity39974 . Treatment of these cells with either insulin or @entity2647 (PE), an alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist, induced Ser-9 phosphorylation of @entity9096 and inhibited @entity9096 activity. Insulin-induced @entity9096 phosphorylation is mediated by the @entity4357 3-kinase/ @entity2308 signaling pathway. PE treatment does not activate @entity4357 3-kinase or @entity2308 (Ballou, L. M., Cross, M. E., Huang, S., McReynolds, E. M., Zhang, B. X., and Lin, R. Z. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 4803-4809), but instead inhibits insulin-induced @entity2308 activation and @entity9096 phosphorylation. Experiments using @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitors suggest that @entity4621 -sensitive novel @entity7131 and G   6983-sensitive atypical @entity7131 isoforms are involved in the PE-induced phosphorylation of @entity9096 . Indeed, PE treatment of @entity35 -1 cells increased the activity of atypical PKCzeta, and expression of PKCzeta in COS-7 cells stimulated @entity9096 Ser-9 phosphorylation. In addition, PE-induced @entity9096 phosphorylation was reduced in @entity35 -1 cells treated with a cell-permeable PKCzeta pseudosubstrate peptide inhibitor. These results suggest that the @entity39974 regulates @entity9096 through two signaling pathways. One pathway inhibits insulin-induced @entity9096 phosphorylation by blocking insulin activation of @entity2308 . The second pathway stimulates Ser-9 phosphorylation of @entity9096 , probably via @entity7131 .

title: Dual regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta by the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity39974 :: ('29413(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha1A-adrenergic receptor']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity39974 :: (29413(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['alpha1A-adrenergic receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In menopausal @entity1 , rapid development of @entity1665 may be associated with development of @entity342 -secreting @entity5 even in the absence of signs of virilisation. We report a case in which @entity43 was revealed by this condition. OBSERVATION: A 75 year-old @entity1 menopausal from the age of 44 years had experienced hair loss over the previous three years with exacerbation over the last year. Clinical examination revealed male pattern @entity1665 but with no signs of virilisation. @entity251 levels were 3 times the normal limit. Radiological examination confirmed the presence of an @entity43 and hysterectomy was performed with bilateral actomy. Histopathological examination revealed a mature cystic @entity44 of the right ovary containing Leydig cell islets. The outcome was favourable with normalisation of hormone levels 2 months after surgery and gradual hair growth. DISCUSSION: This case involved a @entity1 with @entity1665 with no signs of virilisation or of @entity3427 . The clinical picture was banal, and given the @entity1 's age, there was no justification for routine endocrine investigation. Because of recent focus on @entity1665 , @entity251 levels were checked, resulting in the discovery of an @entity43 containing Leydig cells. In menopausal @entity1 with recent and/or severe @entity1665 , @entity251 levels should be determined in addition to ultrasensitive TSH and ferritin.

title: [ @entity1665 revealing an ovarian secreting XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['androgenogenetic alopecia', 'androgenetic alopecia']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumour', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['dysembryoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Methylation of promoter region is the major mechanism affecting gene expression in @entity5 . Recent methylome studies of @entity1313 revealed a list of new epigenetically modified genes. Our aim was to study promoter methylation of newly identified epigenetically silenced genes together with already known epigenetic markers and evaluate its separate and concomitant role in @entity463 genesis and @entity1 outcome. METHODS: The methylation status of @entity8724 , @entity14047 , @entity43289 , @entity4107 , and @entity8186 in 76 @entity1 with primary @entity463 was investigated. Methylation-specific PCR reaction was performed using @entity9736 treated DNA. Evaluating @entity463 @entity1 survival time after operation, @entity1 data and gene methylation effect on survival was estimated using survival analysis. RESULTS: The overwhelming majority (97.3%) of @entity5 were methylated in at least one of five genes tested. In @entity463 specimens gene methylation was observed as follows: @entity8724 in 51.3%, @entity43289 in 68.4%, @entity14047 in 46.1%, @entity4107 in 41.3% and @entity8186 in 56.8% of @entity5 . Methylation of @entity8724 was associated with younger @entity1 age (p < 0.05), while @entity8186 with older (p < 0.01). @entity8724 methylation was significantly more frequent event in @entity1 group who survived longer than 36 months after operation (p < 0.05), while methylation of @entity8186 was more frequent in @entity1 who survived shorter than 36 months (p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed @entity1 age, treatment, @entity8724 , @entity43289 and @entity8186 as independent predictors for @entity463 @entity1 outcome (p < 0.05). @entity8724 and @entity43289 were independent predictors for @entity1 survival in younger @entity1 ' group, while there were no significant associations observed in older @entity1 ' group when adjusted for therapy. CONCLUSIONS: High methylation frequency of tested genes shows heterogeneity of @entity463 epigenome and the importance of @entity8724 , @entity43289 and @entity8186 genes methylation in @entity463 @entity1 outcome.

title: @entity8724 , @entity43289 , XXXX , @entity4107 , and @entity8186 gene promoter methylation in @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity14047 :: (975,Gene) :: ['CD81']