abstract: To determine the prevalence of @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) in @entity6476 regardless of age, clinical characteristics, insurance status, and source of health care. @entity1 with @entity3039 were identified by the administrative code ICD-9-CM 287.3 in @entity6476 hematologists' offices for a 2-year period, 2003-2004. Prevalence was estimated separately for @entity1 (<16 years old) and adults because of their distinct clinical characteristics. @entity6476 census data for 2000 was used as the denominator. Eighty-seven (94%) of 93 eligible @entity6476 hematologists participated; 620 @entity1 with @entity3039 were identified. The average annual prevalences were as follows: 8.1 (95% CI: 6.7-9.5) per 100,000 @entity1 , 12.1 (95% CI: 11.1-13.0) per 100,000 adults, and 11.2 (95% CI: 10.4-12.0) per 100,000 population. Among @entity1 and adults less than age 70 years, the prevalence was greater among @entity1 . Among adults aged 70 years and older, the prevalence was greater among @entity1 . The highest prevalence of @entity3039 was among @entity1 age 80 years and older. These data document for the first time the prevalence of @entity3039 regardless of age, clinical characteristics, insurance status, and source of health care. The methodology developed for this prevalence analysis may be adaptable for epidemiologic studies of other uncommon disorders which lack specific diagnostic criteria and are treated primarily by medical specialists. Am. J. Hematol. 2012.    2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Prevalence of primary XXXX in @entity6476 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) have been associated with prognosis in @entity43 , but their prognostic significance in ascites has not been studied. We performed a prospective study of T lymphocytes isolated from ascites from @entity1 with @entity43 and we compared them with the respective populations in blood and @entity5 . METHODS: Mononuclear cells from ascites (n=71) and blood were isolated by Ficoll, while @entity5 lymphocytes (n=20) were obtained upon mechanical dissociation. Phenotypic analysis was performed with flow cytometry. Ascites from 10 @entity1 with @entity82 was used as control. RESULTS: Tregs containing @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) cells, NK-T containing CD3(+) @entity2940 (+) cells and @entity7986 and HLADR expression of @entity404 and @entity405 lymphocytes were significantly increased in @entity5 ascites compared to blood and control ascites. A selective accumulation of these populations in the ascites of @entity5 @entity1 , was suggested by the significantly higher ascites/blood (A/B) ratios in @entity5 @entity1 but not controls. @entity5 cell content in ascites was correlated with @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+), @entity404 (+) @entity7986 (+), @entity404 (+)HLADR(+) and @entity405 (+) @entity7986 (+) cells. There was no correlation of lymphocyte populations between ascites and samples from peritoneal metastases. Higher @entity5 grade was associated with increased A/B @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) ratio and reduced CD3(+) @entity2940 (+) cells, while @entity902 resistance was associated with reduced A/B CD3(+) @entity2940 (+) ratio. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences of CD3(+) @entity2940 (+) and @entity2902 (+) @entity404 (+) lymphocytes and increase in lymphocyte activation between blood, ascites and peritoneal metastases from @entity1 with @entity43 . The selective accumulation of CD3(+) @entity2940 (+) population in ascites may be a predictive factor for @entity902 resistance.

title: Significant differences of lymphocytes isolated from ascites of @entity1 with @entity43 compared to blood and @entity5 lymphocytes. Association of CD3+ @entity2940 + cells with XXXX resistance.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: Infusions of syngeneic T-cells, lethally damaged with ultraviolet A light (UVA) and @entity9627 ( @entity9627 ), have been reported to prevent or ameliorate a number of @entity792 in @entity1 and in animal models of @entity792 . We previously demonstrated that the combination of UVA/ @entity9627 , or @entity9392 and @entity38254 (dCF/dAdo), damaged @entity1 lymphoid cells by inducing DNA strand breakage and stimulating poly ( @entity857 - @entity13338 )ation. These cells subsequently underwent programmed cell death ("apoptosis"). These findings suggested a common mechanism of lymphocyte damage, and that in vitro treatment of T-cells with cCF/dAdo might substitute for UVA/ @entity9627 . This hypothesis was tested in a model of @entity12011 in the @entity9719 @entity19 . Young adult female @entity9719 /Wehi @entity19 were given 350 mg/kg @entity786 (CP) on day 1 to induce rapid-onset @entity6 and divided into five treatment groups. Four groups received approximately 50 x 10(6) syngeneic @entity19 splenocytes that had been treated with various cytotoxic agents. 27/40 (68%) of the CP-only control group and 14/30 (48%) of the group given untreated splenocytes developed @entity6 . By contrast, only 2/20 (10%) @entity19 of UVA/ @entity9627 and 3/23 (14%) of dCF/dAdo-treated splenocyte groups developed @entity6 (P < 0.01). @entity6 in high spontaneous- @entity6 incidence @entity9719 /Lt female @entity19 was also greatly reduced (4/8 untreated vs 1/7 treated; (< 0.05). We postulate that cytotoxic damage to activated splenic T-cells allows their recognition by host T-cells and results in a protective response against autoreactive cells as a form of T-cell vaccination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prevention of @entity786 -induced and spontaneous @entity6 in @entity9719 XXXX by syngeneic splenocytes treated with cytotoxic drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity12011 :: ('MESH:C565730', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity9627 :: ('MESH:D008730', 'Chemical') :: ['8-MOP', '8-methoxypsoralen']

entities_list: @entity9392 :: ('MESH:D015649', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycoformycin']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity38254 :: ('MESH:D003839', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyadenosine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: CONTEXT: Routinely available assays of adrenal function measure serum total @entity701 (TC) and not the biologically active free @entity701 (FC). However, there are few data on FC levels during surgical stress and in response to standard pharmacological tests. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate TC and FC levels in different states of physical stress. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a prospective observational study in a university hospital. @entity1 AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured TC and FC levels in 64 @entity1 : group A, 17 healthy controls without stress; group B, 23 medical @entity1 with moderate stress; and group C, 24 surgical @entity1 undergoing coronary bypass grafting. @entity701 levels in group C were measured basally and at several time points thereafter and were compared with responsivity to a pharmacological dose of ACTH. FC was measured using equilibrium dialysis. RESULTS: In group C @entity1 after extubation, the relative increase above basal FC was higher than the increase in TC levels (399 +/- 266 vs. 247 +/- 132% of initial values, respectively; mean +/- sd; P = 0.02) and then fell more markedly, FC levels falling to 67 +/- 49% and TC levels to 79 +/- 36% (P = 0.04). After ACTH stimulation, TC levels increased to 680 +/- 168 nmol/liter, which was similar to the increase with major stress (811 +/- 268 nmol/liter). In contrast, FC levels increased to 55 +/- 16 nmol/liter after ACTH stimulation but significantly greater with surgical stress to 108 +/- 56 nmol/liter (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The more pronounced increase in FC seen during stress as compared with the ACTH test suggests that this test does not adequately anticipate the FC levels needed during severe stress.

title: Measurement of serum free XXXX shows discordant responsivity to stress and dynamic evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary non- @entity4742 ( @entity4743 )-associated @entity8376 (NDAV) is a rare entity that has not been well described. The purpose of this study was to define the pathologic characteristics of verified NDAV and characterize the outcomes of @entity1 who present with this rare malignancy. METHODS: The @entity5 of all @entity1 treated with definitive radiation therapy for NDAV between 1970 and 2000 were centrally reviewed. Data regarding @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment characteristics were abstracted from the hospital records of each @entity1 . Survival rates were calculated and outcomes of @entity1 with NDAV were compared with those of @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the vagina treated similarly over the same period. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 with a median age of 54 years had primary NDAV confirmed by central pathologic review. Twenty @entity1 (77%) were treated with external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by brachytherapy, and six @entity1 (23%) were treated with EBRT alone. At 5 years, the overall survival rates of @entity1 with NDAV and @entity957 were 34% and 58%, respectively (p<0.01). @entity1 with NDAV had a significantly worse pelvic disease control rate than @entity1 with @entity957 (31% vs. 81%; p<0.01). At 5 years, 39% of @entity1 with NDAV and 15% with @entity957 had developed distant @entity3 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Primary NDAV is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. @entity1 with this disease have significantly worse outcomes than do @entity1 with @entity957 , and chemotherapy or novel systemic biologic agents may be needed to achieve higher cure rates.

title: Primary @entity8376 not associated with XXXX ( @entity4743 ) exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1282 is highly prevalent in @entity64 @entity1 , with a high mortality and morbidity. Neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) is a new and potentially useful therapy. We assessed the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of NMES in the treatment of @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity64 . @entity1 AND METHOD: Prospective study of @entity64 @entity1 , with tracheal aspiration revealed by videofluoroscopy (VDF), who underwent conventional therapy of @entity1282 as well as NMES. We did a follow-up at the end of the treatment and 3 months later. RESULTS: @entity1 underwent 18 courses of treatment (15-20) with a mean stimulation intensity of 12.45mA (range: 6.6-16.7mA). Before starting therapy, 8 @entity1 were fed exclusively by means of a gastrostomy tube; after the treatment, only one @entity1 needed it. No @entity1 had complications. VDF parameters before treatment: oral transition time, @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ) and pharyngeal transition time were longer and the hyoid elevation was reduced. After the treatment, the number of @entity1 with tracheal aspiration decreased to 6, but only in 6 it persisted for the three analyzed viscosities (liquid, nectar and pudding), with an overall improvement of the VDF parameters. The only predictive factor of therapeutic effectiveness was the delay in the @entity1282 . CONCLUSION: NMES is an effective and safe treatment for @entity64 @entity1 with @entity1282 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX with neuromuscular electrostimulaiton].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing reflex shooting', 'Oropharyngeal dysphagia', 'SRS', 'oropharyngeal dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal dysphagia']


abstract: Direct demonstration of bacterial and/or fungal nucleic acids in the clinical samples of @entity1 with blood stream infections is crucial in terms of rapid diagnosis, early and accurate therapy and @entity1 management. This study was aimed to determine the presence of bacteria and fungi by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the clinical samples of experimental @entity295 induced animals, to compare the results with culture and to evaluate the efficiency of PCR in the discrimination of @entity2259 and @entity12045 . A total of 12 @entity95 experimentally infected with standard strains of @entity794 , @entity526 , @entity54 and @entity5132 to generate @entity2259 (n= 4), @entity12045 (n= 4) and polymicrobial blood stream @entity281 (n= 4), were included in the study. A total of 63 specimens of which 27 were blood and 36 were tissue (12 spleen, 12 liver, 12 kidney) samples were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96th hours of @entity281 . Uninfected healthy @entity95 (n= 4), colony suspensions of standard @entity364 (n= 15) and @entity1 blood samples contaminated with standard @entity364 (n= 10) were used as controls. Microbial DNAs were searched by using real-time PCR in all the samples, and quantitative cultures were performed simultaneously. Gram-positive and gram-negative PCR protocols were performed for the samples of bacteremic animals, whereas panfungal PCR, @entity54 and Candida PCR protocols were performed for the samples of animals with @entity12045 . All of those PCR protocols were applied separately for the samples of polymicrobial blood stream @entity281 cases. Culture positivity was detected in 8 (29.6%) of the blood samples and bacterial and/or fungal DNAs were demonstrated in 20 (74%) of the blood samples by PCR. Microbial DNAs were also detected in 32 (89%) of 36 tissue samples (11 spleen, 11 liver, 10 kidney). Sensitivity rates of culture method to detect @entity2259 and @entity12045 were 30% and 21.7%, respectively, whereas those rates were 69.2% and 69.5% for PCR, respectively. All PCR protocols gave positive results 16.5 hours before the blood cultures. Amplification of DNA from colony suspensions yielded positive results for all of the samples with a lower detection limit ranged between 30-50 cfu/ml. Detection limit of all PCR applications was 50 cfu/ml for simulated blood samples. It was concluded that the adaptation of the tested PCR method to the clinical samples obtained from @entity1 might help to the early diagnosis of blood stream infections. However, further clinical studies are necessary to support the results of this study.

title: [Accuracy of PCR for the detection of bacterial and fungal DNA in the blood and tissue samples of experimentally infected XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal strains']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors have performed 11 myotomies in 10 @entity1 (aged 12 to 77) with @entity1318 using minimally invasive techniques. METHODS: The initial 3 @entity1 were treated via transthoracic approach; the subsequent 7 @entity1 via transabdominal approach. The length of the myotomy was determined in conjunction with intraoperative endoscopy to facilitate dissection and demonstrate division of the lower esophageal sphincter. RESULTS: Only 1 @entity1 required intravenous and intramuscular narcotics more than 24 hours postoperatively; 2 @entity1 required no postoperative narcotics. The average hospital stay for those @entity1 successfully treated endoscopically averaged 2.0 +/- 0.5 days (range 1.5 to 3). One @entity1 was converted to open thoracotomy secondary to perforation of the mucosa. One @entity1 required repeat laparoscopic myotomy at 3 months due to recurrent @entity1282 . Follow-up conducted at clinic visits showed all @entity1 to have benefitted with relief of @entity1282 ; 80% (8) reported excellent results, 10% (1) reported good results, and 10% (1) fair results. CONCLUSION: We converted from thoracic to laparoscopic myotomy because the abdominal approach simplified anesthetic and surgical management. We conclude that laparoscopic myotomy is a simple and effective treatment of @entity1318 .

title: Laparoscopic surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethnic variation in @entity1 -reported outcomes such as @entity283 ( @entity283 ) and satisfaction with care are understudied areas in the management of elderly @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, between the years 2002 and 2004, the authors recruited 214 older (>or=65 years) @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity263 from an urban academic hospital and a Veterans Administration hospital. @entity1 completed generic (SF-36), prostate-specific (UCLA-PCI) @entity283 , and satisfaction with care (CSQ-8) surveys at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12-months follow-up. Clinically significant difference was used to compute return to baseline. The authors compared time to @entity283 after controlling for confounding variables by using ANOVA and log-linear models. Survival curves were used to compare time to return to baseline across ethnicity. RESULTS: Regression analysis revealed that age and marital status, not ethnicity, were independent predictors of radical prostatectomy, rather than radiation treatment. African Americans reported lower @entity283 scores at diagnosis and required a longer time to return to baseline. Log-linear analysis indicated that African-American ethnicity was associated with lower 12-month scores for role physical (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; standard error [SE], 0.40), role emotional (OR, 0.37; SE, 0.43), @entity158 (OR, 0.74; SE, 0.10), urinary function (OR, 0.90; SE, 0.11), and urinary bother (OR, 0.72; SE, 0.17). Both groups reported comparably high levels of satisfaction with care. CONCLUSIONS: African-American elderly exhibited poorer outcomes and required a longer time to @entity283 . These differences highlight the need for discussion with @entity1 and families prior to treatment about expectations and the need for support services post-treatment.

title: Ethnic variation in return to baseline values of XXXX -reported outcomes in older @entity263 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQoL', 'return to baseline HRQoL', 'health-related quality of life']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, continuous LED/UVA/ @entity3759 photocatalytic decomposition of @entity207 ( @entity1598 ) and @entity206 ( @entity8312 ) was investigated. More than 90% of @entity1598 and @entity8312 were removed within 20min by the continuous photoreactor (with the initial concentration of 400ppb for each). The removal rates of @entity1598 and @entity8312 decreased with higher initial antibiotics loadings. @entity1598 was much easier decomposed in @entity558 , while pH affected little on @entity8312 's decomposition. 0.003% was found to be the optimum @entity5568 dosage to enhance @entity1598 photocatalytic decomposition. Decomposition pathways of @entity1598 and @entity8312 were proposed based on the intermediates identified by using LC-MS-MS and GC-MS. @entity9308 was identified as a new intermediate generated during @entity1598 photocatalytic decomposition. Antibacterial activity study with a reference @entity526 was also conducted during the photocatalytic process. Results indicated that with every portion of @entity8312 removed, the residual antibacterial activity decreased by one portion. However, the synergistic effect between @entity1598 and @entity8312 tended to slow down the antibacterial activity removal of @entity1598 and @entity8312 mixture. Chronic @entity137 studies conducted with @entity7866 exhibited 13-20% bioluminescence inhibition during the decomposition of 1ppm @entity1598 and 1ppm @entity8312 , no acute @entity137 to @entity7866 was observed during the photocatalytic process.

title: Decomposition of XXXX and @entity206 by continuous UVA/LED/ @entity3759 photocatalysis: Decomposition pathways, residual antibacterial activity and @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['acidic condition']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7866 :: ('668', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio fischeri', 'V. fischeri']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli strain']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity207 :: (MESH:D013420,Chemical) :: ['sulfamethoxazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In a very limited number of cases, acute @entity2795 may mimic acute @entity4798 . The aim of this study was to recognize patterns of MR perfusion abnormalities in this presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One thousand eight hundred fifty MR imaging studies performed for the suspicion of acute @entity4798 were analyzed retrospectively to detect @entity1 with acute @entity2795 not from @entity64 . All @entity1 were examined clinically by 2 neurologists and underwent a standard @entity64 MR imaging protocol, including PWI. Two radiologists reviewed the perfusion maps visually and quantitatively for the presence, distribution, and grade of perfusion abnormalities. RESULTS: Among 1850 MR imaging studies, 20 (1.08%) @entity1 were found to have acute @entity2795 . Hypoperfusion was found in 14/20 @entity1 (70%) with delayed rMTT and @entity2106 , decreased rCBF, and minimal decrease in rCBV. In contrast to the typical pattern in @entity64 , perfusion abnormalities were not limited to a single vascular territory but extended to >1. @entity1621 was seen in 3/14 cases. In 11/14 cases, hypoperfusion with a posterior predominance was found. @entity2106 and rMTT were the best maps to depict perfusion changes at visual assessment, but also rCBF maps demonstrated significant hypoperfusion in quantitative analysis. In all @entity1 , clinical and imaging follow-up findings were negative for @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity2795 is rare but important in the differential diagnosis among @entity1 with the suspicion of acute @entity4798 . @entity64 perfusion abnormalities can be seen in these @entity1 .

title: Acute-onset @entity2795 mimicking XXXX : MR perfusion imaging features.

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migrainous aura']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many burns that occur in the first two decades of life are accidental and preventable. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic features, mortality, and other factors associated with pediatric burns in Istanbul, @entity233 . METHODS: Our retrospective study included 375 hospitalized pediatric @entity1 (225 male, 150 female; mean age 4.07  3.79; range 0.2 to 16 years) aged 16 years or less admitted between January 2005 and January 2009. Each @entity1 's medical record was reviewed and demographic features, mechanism of burn, place of residence, total body surface area (TBSA), surgical treatment, duration of hospital stay and mortality rates were analyzed. RESULTS: Scalding was the predominant cause among all pediatric age groups. There were no differences between the age groups with respect to mean TBSA. Length of hospital stay in @entity1 and toddler age group was significantly lower than in other age groups (p<0.005). Sixteen (4.3%) @entity1 died during the study period. Mortality rates associated with @entity5391 , flame and electrical burns were 3.1%, 13.9% and 10%, respectively. Electrical burns and flame resulted in significantly higher mortality rates than @entity5391 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Scalding was found to be the most important cause of burns and flame-related mechanisms resulted in the highest mortality rate among @entity1 . Only a specific preventive program for changing the traditional habits of Turkish parents would reduce @entity130 among @entity1 .

title: Epidemiology of pediatric XXXX in Istanbul, @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injuries']


abstract: The corneal @entity137 of 2 intraocular pressure-lowering agents was compared in a @entity95 @entity267 model with New Zealand White @entity95 . Corneal epithelial morphology and cell size were assessed by in vivo confocal microscopy. Baseline microscopic examinations were performed on 1 eye of each animal. Two weeks later, the eyes were bathed for 3 min in travoprost 0.004% preserved without @entity3676 (BAK( or latanoprost 0.005% preserved with 0.02% BAK; the eyes were then rinsed with balanced salt solution, and the corneas were again examined by confocal microscopy (n=4/group). A second group of animals was exposed to the medications through a dosing regimen of 1 drop/min ( @entity40017 drops total) (n=4/group). In eyes treated with travoprost without BAK (3-min bath), superficial epithelial cells were similar to baseline, as indicated by their visible cell borders and bright nuclei. In contrast, the surface cells in eyes treated with latanoprost were significantly smaller and brighter and had less distinct borders. Surface cell size was significantly smaller as compared with baseline size and as compared with @entity95 treated with travoprost without BAK for 3 min. Similar effects on corneal epithelial cell morphology were observed with the 1-drop/min dosing regimen. In this @entity95 model, travoprost 0.004% preserved without BAK did not cause corneal epithelial @entity137 ; latanoprost 0.005% induced superficial cell loss, most likely caused by the presence of a relatively high concentration of BAK (0.02%).

title: Assessment of corneal epithelial integrity after acute exposure to ocular hypotensive agents preserved with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3676 :: ('MESH:D001548', 'Chemical') :: ['benzalkonium chloride']

answer: @entity3676 :: (MESH:D001548,Chemical) :: ['benzalkonium chloride']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine independent prognostic factors in a group of 1875 @entity1 with @entity189 of the intact uterine cervix treated with radiotherapy alone in a French cooperative study from 1970 to 1993. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were staged according to the UICC-FIGO and MDAH substaging. The distribution per FIGO stage was Ia-Ib: 25.5%; IIa: 12%; IIb: 29%; IIIa: 5%; IIIb: 25%, and IV: 3.5%. Ninety-two percent had @entity957 . The maximum diameter of the clinically detectable cervical disease was less than 3 cm in 24.5% of Stages I-II and in 10% of Stages III-IV, more than 5 cm in 13.5% of Stages I-II, and in 16% of Stages III-IV. Nodal involvement was shown on lymphangiogram in 16% of Stages I-II and in 32.5% of Stages III-IV. RESULTS: 1) Univariate analysis of Stages I and II: stage, cervical disease diameter, and nodal involvement are significant prognostic factors. Five-year specific survival rate (5ySS) is 83.5% in Stage Ib, 81% in IIa and 71% in IIb. Five-year disease-free survival rate (5yDFS) is 86% in @entity5 less of 3 cm, 76% in @entity5 of 3 to 5 cm, and 61.5% in @entity5 larger than 5 cm. Lymphangiogram strongly influences the 5-year pelvic disease-free survival rate (5yPDFS): respectively, 90% in nonpositive lymphangiogram vs. 65% when positive. A significant drop in specific and disease-free survival is observed (10 and 14%, respectively (p = 0.04) when comparing @entity420 and @entity957 . Age is a significant prognostic factor for specific survival because @entity1 aged less than 30 years old have 91% vs. about 75% for @entity1 over 30 years (p = 0.03). 2) Univariate analysis of Stages III-IV: Stage and positive lymphangiogram are predictive factors for relapse and @entity204 . The MDAH substaging is more reliable to predict the probability of pelvic disease-free survival in Stage III. At 5 years, the FIGO Stages IIIa and IIIb have a rather similar PDFS (65% vs. 59%). Conversely, the difference of survival rates between MDAH Stage IIIA and Stage IIIB is more demonstrative (69% vs. 47.5%). 3) Multivariate analysis (Cox P. H. R. model). Nodal involvement and stage remain significant for all three models in all stages (p < 0.0001). Age above 70 years influences specific survival for Stage I-II (p = 0.01). Tumors larger than 5 cm and @entity420 also appear to be independent prognostic factors for specific and disease-free survival in Stage I-II (p = 0.05 and p = 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The relevance of @entity5 size (less or greater than 4 cm) is now recognized in the 1995 revised FIGO staging in Stage Ib but unfortunately not in other stages. @entity5 size per stage and nodal status should be systematically recorded to allow a better prediction of failure rates and to compare literature reports.

title: XXXX of the intact uterine cervix treated with radiotherapy alone: a French cooperative study: update and multivariate analysis of prognostics factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study was design to evaluate the pattern electroretinogram in the diagnosis of early changes in visual function of @entity1 with @entity2743 without perimetrical signs of @entity1781 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 19 eyes from ten @entity1 , mean age 36 +/- 6.8 SD. comprising (7 F and 3 M) with @entity24481 , affected by (1-4) NOSPECS severity class were enrolled in the study. 22 eyes from eleven healthy volunteers served as a control. The pattern electroretinogram was recorded with TE-1000 headset electrode using PRIMUS 2,5 (Tomey). The temporal frequency of PERG was 2 Hz and the check size was 10. Student's t-test was used for the statistical analysis of mean and standard deviations. Statistical significance was assumed at p < 0.05 for all analyses. Cut-off points, sensitivity and specificity of the pattern elektroretinogram parameters assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves were performed by Medcalc RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity2743 a significantly decreased @entity2451 amplitude was found (2.04 +/- 0.99 vs. 2.69 +/- 0.88 in healthy controls). Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis revealed a high sensitivity of @entity2451 amplitude and N95- @entity2451 amplitude for discrimination between @entity2743 and healthy group (78.9% and 81.8%, respectively). The specificity of @entity2451 amplitude was fairly high (63.6%) while N95- @entity2451 amplitude was rather low (47.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of the @entity2451 amplitude could be a marker of an early ischemic @entity1781 in @entity1 with @entity2743 . The evaluation of the pattern electroretinogram @entity2451 and N95- @entity2451 amplitude might be a fairly sensitive test for screening @entity1781 .

title: Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in the early diagnosis of XXXX in the course of @entity2743 .

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' orbitopathy"]

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve neuropathy', 'dysthyroid optic neuropathy', 'optic nerve dysfunction']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic nerve dysfunction']


abstract: Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and @entity172 were studied serially in 20 @entity1 before and after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Ten @entity1 received an implant of @entity53 -17 beta (100 mg) at the time of operation. Ten @entity1 who did not receive an implant acted as controls. @entity1 recorded the severity of vasomotor symptoms before and after hysterectomy. In those @entity1 who did not receive an implant, plasma @entity172 levels fell from a mean preoperative level of 18.1 +/- 10.4 ng/100 ml to 8.7 +/- 1.4 ng/100 ml by 24 hours after oophorectomy and they remained in this range for the 6 months of the study. No significant change in the plasma @entity172 level was noted after oophorectomy in those @entity1 who received an implant. The implant prevented the rise in gonadotropin levels and the appearance of vasomotor symptoms seen in those @entity1 who underwent oophorectomy without an implant. Insertion of an implant into oophorectomized @entity1 caused the plasma @entity172 level to return to premenopausal levels within 2 weeks and the gonadotropin levels to premenopausal values within 6 weeks. Hot flashes were alleviated within 2 to 6 days. The usefulness of this type of therapy in preventing the appearance of vasomotor symptoms at the time of oophorectomy in premenopausal @entity1 is confirmed.

title: Plasma levels of XXXX , luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone following castration and @entity53 implant.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: This is a clinicopathologic study of 6 cases of @entity11552 . The @entity1 age ranges from 8 to 47 years. All @entity1 are @entity1 . In 5 cases the localization of the @entity5 is the lower extremities. Histologically the @entity5 have a distinctive organoid pattern outlined by thin-walled capillaries and are composed of nests of large polyhedral cells with abundant finely granular, acidophilic cytoplasm. Two @entity5 , among the 4 tested cases, have cytoplasmic PAS positive diastase-resistant crystalline structures. Electron microscopic study of one @entity5 shows intracytoplasmic glycogen, small membrane-bound electron-dense granules, Golgi lamellae and crystalline structures. Immunoperoxidase study performed in one case reveals a positivity with antikeratin and anti-enolase ( @entity3508 ) antibodies. The prognosis of this @entity5 is poor. The main @entity3 are in the lung and in the brain. Often the @entity1 develop @entity3 before detection of the @entity5 . The histogenesis of @entity11552 and the identity of the characteristic crystalloids remain open for discussion.

title: [ XXXX . Apropos of 6 cases and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity11552 :: ('MESH:D018234', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar soft part sarcoma', 'alveolar soft-part sarcoma']

answer: @entity11552 :: (MESH:D018234,Disease) :: ['Alveolar soft part sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1271 is a common problem for breastfeeding @entity1 . Researchers have called for an investigation into the possible role of maternal nasal carriage of @entity794 in the causation of @entity1271 in breastfeeding @entity1 . METHODS: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of maternal @entity794 nasal carriage in @entity1271 . Other factors such as @entity1 nasal @entity794 carriage, @entity16 , maternal fatigue and oversupply of milk were also investigated. A case-control design was used. @entity1 with @entity1271 (cases, n = 100) were recruited from two maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Australia (emergency departments, breastfeeding clinics and postnatal wards). Breastfeeding @entity1 without @entity1271 (controls, n = 99) were recruited from maternal and @entity1 health (community) centres and the rooms of a private obstetrician. @entity1 completed a questionnaire and nasal specimens were collected from mother and baby and placed in charcoal transport medium. @entity1 also collected a small sample of milk in a sterile jar. RESULTS: There was no difference between nasal carriage of @entity794 in breastfeeding @entity1 with @entity1271 (42/98, 43%) and control @entity1 (45/98, 46%). However, significantly more @entity1 of mothers with @entity1271 were nasal carriers of @entity794 (72/88, 82%) than controls (52/93, 56%). The association was strong (adjusted OR 3.23, 95%CI 1.30, 8.27) after adjustment for the following confounding factors: income, private health insurance, difficulty with breastfeeding, @entity16 and tight bra. There was also a strong association between @entity16 and @entity1271 (adjusted OR 9.34, 95%CI 2.99, 29.20). CONCLUSION: We found no association between maternal nasal carriage of @entity794 and @entity1271 , but nasal carriage in the @entity1 was associated with @entity0 . As in other studies of @entity1271 , we found a strong association between @entity16 and @entity1271 . Prevention of @entity16 is likely to reduce the incidence of @entity1271 . Mothers need good advice about optimal attachment of the baby to the breast and access to skilled help in the early postpartum days and weeks.

title: A case-control study of XXXX : nasal carriage of @entity794 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant', 'Women', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast infections']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nipple damage']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['Mastitis', 'infectious mastitis', 'mastitis']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: Visualization of the vessel wall after transluminal angioplasty is important to monitor the @entity256 progress. Intravascular ultrasound proved its capabilities as an invasive procedure in many studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of high-resolution MRI as a non-invasive tool for follow-up after PTA. High-resolution magnetic resonance images (pixel size: 0.49 * 0.49 mm(2)) were acquired on a 1.0 T clinical scanner. Morphometry was conducted after conversion of DICOM images into TIFF format using ScionImage on a PC. In-vitro studies using a @entity2634 tube were evaluated by two independent investigators. Goldstandard was a caliper rule and direct radiography. Five @entity1 were monitored before and 24 h, six weeks, three months and six months after PTA. In vivo measurements promised a good concordance for both investigators for area as well as for diameter measurements. Area measurements showed correlations up to r = 0.86 (p < 0.001) whereas the correlations of diameters were slightly inferior (r between 0.58 and 0.84; p < 0.005). Relocation of the same slice position in the follow up studies could be guaranteed using anatomic landmarks in the images. As a non-invasive tool to assess @entity256 after PTA high-resolution MRI promises to be a reproducible technique. It is easy to identify the same vascular region in different studies due to neighboring anatomic landmarks. @entity74 as well as success of pharmacologic treatment to prevent @entity256 may be monitored.

title: Quantitative XXXX in vivo evaluation of high resolution MRI for vessel wall morphometry after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylchloride']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Progression of disease']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The primary role of thymectomy for the treatment of @entity1737 is currently undisputed. Traditionally, the approach of choice has been sternotomy, although a transcervical route has also been advocated because of its lower rate of associated morbidity. Our department performed thymectomy using a video-assisted thoracoscopic technique in 7 @entity1 (2 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) between March 1993 and October 1995. The @entity1 ' mean age was 43.4 years (range 20 to 66 years). Complications were few, consisting of 2 cases of pneumothorax due to contralateral opening of the pleura, resolved by pleural drainage. No @entity204 occurred. Clinical results over periods of observation ranging from 14 to 44 months were excellent in 2 cases of complete remission; good in 3 @entity1 with considerable reduction in drug requirements; and fair in 2 @entity1 who continued to need the same doses of medication throughout the 14 months after thymectomy. The technique we propose is less aggressive than mid-sternotomy, offering incontrovertible advantages and leading to faster. No @entity1 required assisted ventilation for longer than 4 hours and the maximum time spent in the intensive care unit was 24 hours. We therefore suggest that thymectomy to treat @entity1737 be performed by thoracoscopy.

title: [The treatment of XXXX by video thoracoscopic thymectomy. The technic and the initial results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic effect of @entity1144 on @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: 206 @entity0 @entity1 treated from June 2006 to June 2015 were enrolled retrospectively. Body mass index (BMI) >= 25  kg/m(2) was the standard of @entity28 and waist circumference >= 80  cm was the standard of @entity1144 . @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics were compared between @entity28 categories. Survival differences between @entity28 categories were assessed with log-rank test in the univariate analysis and prognostic factors were then investigated by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: 81 cases were with @entity28 (39.3  %). 71 cases were with @entity1144 (34.5  %). @entity1 with @entity28 or @entity1144 tended to be older (P  =  0.022 for @entity28 ; P  =  0.013 for @entity1144 ) and to have larger @entity5 size (P  =  0.027 for @entity28 ; P  =  0.027 for @entity1144 ). By Cox regression analysis, @entity1144 (DFS: HR 1.759; 95  % CI 1.009-3.065; P  =  0.046. OS: HR 2.297; 95  % CI 1.184-4.456; P  =  0.014) was identified as an independent prognostic factor. For @entity1144 with BMI  >=   25  kg/m(2), the prognostic effect was more apparent (DFS: HR 1.845; 95  % CI 1.059-3.212; P  =  0.031. OS: HR 2.377; 95  % CI 1.230-4.593; P  =  0.010). CONCLUSION: Central @entity28 , especially with high BMI, was an independent prognostic factor for @entity0 .

title: Impact of XXXX on prognostic outcome of @entity0 in Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TNBC', 'triple negative breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['central obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Intravenous @entity288 remain the first line therapy for severe attacks of @entity31 although up to 30-40% of @entity1 do not respond to treatment. The availability of alternative therapies to colectomy and the knowledge of early predictors of response to @entity288 should have improved the clinical outcomes of @entity1 with severe refractory @entity31 . The aim of the study is to describe the current need, way of use, and efficacy of rescue therapies, as well as colectomy rates in @entity1 with severe @entity31 flares. METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2011, all @entity1 admitted in three referral centres for a severe @entity31 flare who received intravenous @entity288 were identified and clinical and biological data were accurately collected. @entity1 were followed-up until colectomy, @entity204 , or date of data collection. RESULTS: Sixty-two flares were included. Initial efficacy of intravenous @entity288 (mild activity or inactive disease without rescue treatment, at day 7 after starting intravenous @entity288 ) was achieved in 50% of flares, and rescue therapies were used in 27 episodes (43%). After a median follow-up of 18 months, the colectomy rate was 6.5%. Failed oral @entity288 for the index flare were the only baseline feature that predicted the need for rescue therapy and colectomy. CONCLUSIONS: There is a marked reduction in the colectomy rate and an increased use of medical rescue therapies as compared to historical series. @entity1 worsening while on oral @entity288 for a moderate flare are at high risk of rescue therapy and colectomy and, therefore, should be directly treated with rescue therapies instead of attempting intravenous @entity288 .

title: Improved outcome of acute severe XXXX while using early predictors of corticosteroid failure and rescue therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: PROBLEM BEING ADDRESSED: About 65% of @entity1 with advanced @entity5 experience @entity5 . Although oral opioids provide effective @entity1337 for most of these @entity1 , alternate routes of drug delivery are often necessary as the disease progresses. PURPOSE OF PROGRAM: To study use of Duragesic ( @entity3575 transdermal system), the only transdermal opioid approved in Canada for treating chronic @entity5 in adults. MAIN COMPONENTS: Transdermal @entity3575 was prescribed for a heterogeneous group of 44 @entity1 (aged 29 to 82 years) to treat @entity5 (37 @entity1 ), chronic non-malignant @entity158 (six @entity1 ), and @entity158 associated with terminal @entity791 (one @entity1 ), for periods of 2 to 384 days. @entity1 were treated individually and switched to transdermal @entity3575 from other opioids when oral delivery was no longer possible. Doses were titrated as necessary and ranged from 25 micrograms/h to 300 micrograms/h. Incidental @entity158 was treated effectively with short-acting opioids. CONCLUSIONS: Eighty percent of @entity1 experienced @entity1337 , which led to an overall improvement in their quality of life. Transdermal @entity3575 was discontinued for 17% of @entity1 due to intractable @entity390 , @entity294 , adherence problems, or poor @entity1337 . Many @entity1 wore the system until they died or until a few days before death when severe increasing @entity158 necessitated parenteral opioids. The side effects of transdermal @entity3575 were similar to those of conventional opioids. @entity1 compliance and acceptance of this noninvasive, continuous system of drug delivery has been excellent; its simplicity of administration allows @entity1 to be cared for at home.

title: @entity3575 transdermal system. XXXX management at home.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['good analgesia', 'analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) or @entity484 is an inflammatory @entity272 associated with significant impairment of quality of life. It is important to objectively quantify cutaneous biophysical measurements in research and therapeutics of this disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if @entity272 ( @entity5105 ) and @entity2118 (melanin) correlate with disease severity and quality of life. METHODS: Redness and @entity2118 were measured under standardized condition at the antecubital flexure. Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS) and @entity1 's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) were documented. RESULTS: Pigmentation correlated with age (r   =   0.38, p   =   0.02), but not with disease severity (NESS) or quality of life (CDLQI). Erythema correlated with age (r   =   0.53, p   =   0.001), NESS (r   =   0.44, p   =   0.006), @entity2118 (r   =   0.62, p<  0.0001), but not CDLQI (r   =   0.3, trend p   =   0.087). CONCLUSIONS: Skin @entity5105 and @entity2118 increase with age. Erythema correlates with disease severity but @entity2118 correlates with neither severity nor quality-of-life score. The objective measurement of these two signs does not replace the clinical measurements of severity and quality of life, and may be of limited scope in @entity484 research and therapeutics.

title: Objective measurement of two clinical signs in XXXX in research and therapeutics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'skin redness']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['childhood atopic eczema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conservative surgical options in the treatment of @entity472 are limited. To relieve the obstruction necessitates full incision of the raphe of the larger valve leaflet, but this inevitably causes prolapse. METHODS: We performed aortic valve repair in 6 @entity1 , aged 14 months to 17 years, with @entity472 , 2 having had aortic valvotomy as @entity1 . The repair consisted of suturing the base of a triangular piece of @entity291 pericardium, with a simple vertical fold, to the free edges of the incised raphe. The pericardial fold was then sutured vertically to the aortic wall. RESULTS: At follow-up of 2 to 60 months, the mean peak systolic Doppler gradients had decreased from 80 +/- 15 mm Hg to 26 +/- 9 mm Hg. The effective valvular orifice area increased from 33% +/- 6% to 64% +/- 3%, allowing blood flow to increase by a factor of 3.76. Two @entity1 have mild and 2 have mild-to-moderate @entity337 . CONCLUSIONS: The described conservative repair renders the valve tricuspid and trisinusoidal, and the deficient interleaflet triangle is recreated, preventing cusp prolapse. Longer follow-up is required to assess the durability of unstented pericardium in the aortic position, but the early results are encouraging.

title: Aortic valve repair of congenital stenosis with XXXX pericardium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of topically administered agents @entity3403 , @entity2713 , low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and @entity8726 on experimental @entity7499 in @entity35 . METHODS: Chemical cauterization of @entity267 was performed in 36 eyes of 36 @entity35 by using @entity7292 / @entity3164 sticks. Topical instillation of @entity3403 , @entity2713 , @entity6971 , @entity8726 , and normal saline solution was continued for 7 days. Percent areas of @entity267 covered by neovascularization and covered by scar in each group were calculated by use of computer software on digital photographs. Groups were compared for any significant (P < 0.05) differences among them. RESULTS: The means of percent area of @entity7499 in @entity2713 , @entity3403 , @entity8726 , LMWH, and control groups were 13.3%, 35.5%, 50.6%, 66.7%, and 74.9%, respectively. The @entity2713 and @entity3403 groups were different from control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percent area of neovascularization between the LMWH and @entity8726 groups compared with the controls. Although the effects of LMWH and @entity8726 were not significant, there seemed to be a trend, and the lack of significance may be related to small sample size. Because the mechanisms of action of these agents are not identical to each other, performing other studies using combinations of them seems to be reasonable. There were no significant differences in percent area of corneal scar among groups. CONCLUSION: Topical instillation of commercially available @entity2713 and @entity3403 seems to diminish @entity7499 caused by chemical cauterization of @entity267 in @entity35 .

title: Prevention of @entity7499 : evaluation of various commercially available compounds in an experimental XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity3164 :: ('MESH:C023844', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium nitrate']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychologists frequently include proverb interpretation as a measure of executive abilities. A concrete interpretation of proverbs, however, may reflect semantic impairments from anterior temporal lobes, rather than @entity409 from frontal lobes. The investigation of proverb interpretation among @entity1 with different @entity303 with varying degrees of @entity75 may clarify the underlying brain-behavior mechanisms for abstraction from proverbs. We propose that @entity1 with @entity146 ( @entity146 ), who are characteristically more impaired on proverb interpretation than those with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), are disproportionately impaired because of anterior temporal-mediated semantic deficits. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity146 and 10 with @entity195 completed the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Proverbs Test and a series of neuropsychological measures of executive and semantic functions. The analysis included both raw and age-adjusted normed data for multiple choice responses on the D-KEFS Proverbs Test using independent samples t-tests. Tensor-based morphometry (TBM) applied to 3D T1-weighted MRI scans mapped the association between regional brain volume and proverb performance. Computations of mean Jacobian values within select regions of interest provided a numeric summary of regional volume, and voxel-wise regression yielded 3D statistical maps of the association between tissue volume and proverb scores. RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity146 were significantly worse than those with @entity195 in proverb interpretation. The worse performance of the @entity146 @entity1 involved a greater number of concrete responses to common, familiar proverbs, but not to uncommon, unfamiliar ones. These concrete responses to common proverbs correlated with semantic measures, whereas concrete responses to uncommon proverbs correlated with executive functions. After controlling for @entity303 diagnosis, TBM analyses indicated significant correlations between impaired proverb interpretation and the anterior temporal lobe region (left>right). CONCLUSIONS: Among two @entity303 groups, those with @entity146 , demonstrated a greater number of concrete responses to common proverbs compared to those with @entity195 , and this performance correlated with semantic deficits and the volume of the left anterior lobe, the hub of semantic knowledge. The findings of this study suggest that common proverb interpretation is greatly influenced by semantic dysfunction and that the use of proverbs for testing executive functions needs to include the interpretation of unfamiliar proverbs.

title: What XXXX reveals about proverb interpretation and its neuroanatomical correlates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['bvFTD', 'behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['temporal and frontal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for acute exacerbations of @entity1030 (AECOPD) is unknown. This study compared the outcome of treatment for 3 vs. 10 days with @entity115 - @entity798 of hospitalised @entity1 with AECOPD who had improved substantially after initial therapy for 3 days. Between November 2000 and December 2003, 56 @entity1 with AECOPD were enrolled in the study. Unfortunately, because of the low inclusion rate, the trial was discontinued prematurely. @entity1 were treated with oral or intravenous @entity115 - @entity798 . @entity1 who showed improvement after 72 h were randomised to receive oral @entity115 - @entity798 625 mg or placebo, four times daily for 7 days. The primary outcome measure of the study was clinical cure after 3 weeks and 3 months. Of 46 @entity1 included in the final analysis, 21 were in the 3-day treatment group and 25 were in the 10-day treatment group. After 3 weeks, 16 (76%) of 21 @entity1 in the 3-day treatment group were cured, compared with 20 (80%) of 25 in the 10-day treatment group (difference -3.8%; 95% CI -28 to 20). After 3 months, 13 (62%) of 21 @entity1 were cured, compared with 14 (56%) of 25 (difference 5.9%; 95% CI -23 to 34). Microbiological success, symptom recovery, the use of @entity288 , the duration of @entity26 therapy and the length of hospital stay were comparable for both treatment groups. It was concluded that 3-day treatment with @entity10188 can be a safe and effective alternative to the standard 10-day treatment for hospitalised @entity1 with AECOPD who have improved after initial therapy for 3 days.

title: Three vs. 10 days of XXXX - @entity798 for type 1 acute exacerbations of @entity1030 : a randomised, double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity10188 :: ('MESH:D019980', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin-clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxycillin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity19417 are severe autoimmune pathologies that are characterized by @entity32 and @entity39 of the small vessels. The physiopathological mechanisms are complex and have yet to be totally elucidated. Several environmental factors have been described as being associated: medications, infectious agents    and rarely, @entity5 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective multicenter study over a period of 12 years with a view to describing the association of @entity19417 and @entity5 , excluding hemopathies secondary to @entity1333 treatment. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity19417 with an hemopathy were identified. The gender ratio was 7 and the mean age was 65 years. The frequency of this association is estimated at 1%. The @entity19417 were micropolyangiitis (n=7), followed by @entity738 (n=4), @entity1333 limited to the kidney (n=3), and eosinophilic @entity738 (n=2). The associated @entity5 were mainly @entity1893 in seven cases and @entity2590 in five cases. The other hemopathies were: @entity978 , @entity5441 , and Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 . Hemopathy treatment was associated with @entity1333 treatment in seven cases. CONCLUSION: The association of @entity19417 and @entity5 is rare but must nevertheless be recognized because: (i) the clinical signs of both pathologies are not specific, (ii) the survival scores that are used for @entity19417 do not appear to be applicable, (iii) both pathologies must be taken into account in order to implement an effective therapeutic strategy that limits the inherent risks.

title: Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated @entity1333 and XXXX , a retrospective study of 16 cases.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hemopathies', 'malignant hemopathy', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA-associated vasculitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant hemopathies']


abstract: The effects of active specific immunization with nonirradiated autologous and irradiated cultured allogeneic @entity320 cells (TC) on cell-associated immunity was studied in 11 @entity1 with widespread @entity320 receiving chemoimmunotherapy. Immunization with 1 X 10(6)-8 X 10(7) TC was done in the draining area of a BCG scarification on day 7 of the study. The in vitro lymphocyte blastogenic response (BR) to autologous TC was studied in terms of the stimulation index on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. The stimulation index (SI) was the counts per min (cpm) in the TC stimulated culture minus the cpm among the TC alone divided by the cpm in the unstimulated controls. A positive BR was considered as a SI equal to or greater than 3. Six out of 11 @entity1 had a significant increase in BR lasting 7-14 days after immunization. The pre- to post-immunization changes in the SI of the 6 @entity1 were 2.5 to 7.5; 0.7 to 3.2; 0 to 5.2; 0 to 16; 0.1 to 6.6; and 6.5 to 30.0. Nine out of 11 @entity1 showed a delayed local inflammatory reaction at the immunization site. Five out of 11 @entity1 mounted a cutaneous delayed @entity56 reaction to autologous @entity5 cells at a separate test site following immunization. There were no side effects. Active specific immunization in the drainage of a BCG reaction appears to be safe. Since a positive BR to autologous TC correlates with a good prognosis in @entity1 with @entity5 , studies of the immunotherapeutic efficacy of this approach may be warranted.

title: Active specific immunization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma tumor', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Platelet activation in circulation is considered to be associated with @entity715 and @entity32 ; thus, sensitive and easy-to-use markers are necessary. In this study, we established a simple and rapid protocol to clinically examine leukocyte-platelet aggregate formation associated with activated platelets in circulation. METHODS: Whole blood was stained with PC5-conjugated anti- @entity1195 monoclonal antibody and fluorescent @entity8009 -conjugated anti- @entity1427 monoclonal antibody for leukocyte-platelet aggregate analysis. For platelet activation, 5  m thrombin receptor-activated peptide (TRAP) or 2  g/mL collagen was added. Samples were analyzed by EPICS XL (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL, USA). Monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were gated based on differences in @entity1195 fluorescence intensity and side scatter. For each gate, the percentage (%) of platelets expressing @entity1427 was analyzed. Same drawing sample was stained with anti- @entity8729 monoclonal antibody. Platelet @entity8729 expression was then analyzed with gating for platelet cell population. RESULTS: We analyzed leukocyte-platelet aggregates and platelet @entity8729 expression in 18 healthy individuals. @entity1423 , mainly monocyte-platelet aggregates, increased when platelets were activated by platelet agonists. Monocyte-platelet aggregates and neutrophil-platelet aggregates also increased over time with mild platelet activation. CONCLUSION: @entity1423 , mainly monocyte-platelet aggregates, appear to be a sensitive marker of platelet activation in circulation.

title: The basis examination of leukocyte-platelet aggregates with XXXX gating as a novel platelet activation marker.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocyte-platelet aggregates']

entities_list: @entity8009 :: ('MESH:C037152', 'Chemical') :: ['isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1195 :: (5788,Gene) :: ['CD45']


abstract: @entity131 in animals and @entity1 is well known to cause @entity21 diffusely scattered throughout the brain without evidence of other brain parenchymal change. This observation has prompted some to posit that such damaged axons are well positioned to mount a regenerative attempt. The present study uses an immunocytochemical marker specific for regenerating neurites to explore this issue. Further, in an attempt to expedite and enhance any potential regenerative effort, this study evaluates the efficacy of intrathecally applied nerve growth factor. Three sets of experiments were performed in adult @entity468 . One group of animals was subjected to moderate fluid percussion @entity1545 and followed for 7 or 14 days post injury, with the continuous intraventricular infusion of nerve growth factor delivered by implanted osmotic pumps. These animals were compared to a second group of time-matched, sham-operated animals receiving artificial cerebrospinal fluid infusion. To assess @entity21 immunohistochemical staining for the low molecular weight neurofilament subunit (NF-L) was carried out using an NR4 monoclonal antibody. To localize axons exhibiting a regenerative response immunohistochemical staining for the growth associated protein @entity42983 was employed. In sham controls, at the light microscopic level NF-L-immunoreactive axonal swellings were numerous at 7 days, but by 14 days post injury their frequency declined markedly. In contrast, @entity42983 -immunoreactive, disconnected reactive axonal swellings were rarely observed at 7 days but were numerous at 14 days. Ultrastructural analysis at 14 days post injury of carefully matched sections revealed reactive axons demonstrating sprouting consistent with a regenerative effort. Analysis of tissue from animals of 14 days of survival indicated that supplementation with nerve growth factor did not appear to enhance the capacity of damaged brain axons to mount a regenerative attempt. Rather, it appears that regenerative efforts seen reflect a spontaneous response. A third group of adult @entity468 , subjected to the same injury but not subjected to osmotic pump implantation, was allowed to survive for 22-28 days. Animals in this group also demonstrated @entity42983 immunoreactivity in reactive axonal swellings in the brain stem. This study demonstrates that diffusely injured axons can mount a sustained regenerative attempt that is associated with a reorganization of their cytoskeleton and accompanied by an up-regulation of growth-associated proteins.

title: Characterization of a prolonged regenerative attempt by diffusely injured axons following traumatic XXXX in adult cat: a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal damage']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: @entity528 mediate diverse aspects of motor behavior. We measured spike-related electrophysiological properties of identified corticospinal neurons in primary motor cortex slices from young adult @entity19 . Several consistent features were observed in the suprathreshold responses to current steps: 1) Corticospinal neurons fired relatively fast @entity2045 ( @entity28286 ; width at half-maximum 0.65    0.13 ms, mean    standard deviation [SD]) compared with neighboring callosally projecting corticostriatal neurons. Corticospinal AP width was intermediate between 2 classes of inhibitory interneuron in layer 5B. Spike-to-spike variability in AP width and other spike waveform parameters was low, even during repetitive firing up to 20 Hz, that is, the relative narrowness of @entity28286 was essentially frequency independent. 2) Frequency-current (f-I) relationships were nearly linear. 3) Trains of @entity28286 , with rates typically staying constant or accelerating over time. Corticospinal neurons recorded from older @entity19 (up to 4 months) or from a separate lateral cortical area (Region B; corresponding to secondary somatosensory cortex) showed generally similar intrinsic properties. Our findings have implications for interpreting spike waveforms of in vivo recorded neurons in the motor cortex. This analysis provides a framework for further biophysical and computational investigations of corticospinal neurons and their roles in motor cortical function.

title: Intrinsic electrophysiology of XXXX corticospinal neurons: a class-specific triad of spike-related properties.

entities_list: @entity28286 :: ('MESH:D018420', 'Disease') :: ['APs displayed regular firing', 'APs', 'corticospinal APs']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['action potentials']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Corticospinal pyramidal neurons']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) is an @entity792 with a variable clinical course. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out of @entity3039 @entity1 presenting to a pediatric hematology-oncology department during a period of 20 years, with a focus on treatment and outcome. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-four cases were recorded (mean @entity1 age, 8.4 years). Forty-nine @entity1 (39.5%) had platelet counts <10,000/  L at diagnosis. No episode of severe @entity548 was observed. Peak incidence was observed during spring and summer. @entity1729 proceeded in 58% of cases. Treatment consisted of i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIG) in 93 @entity1 at four dosing schedules. Sixteen @entity1 received @entity288 , 10 children received anti-D immunoglobulin and 14 received no treatment. Recovery was observed in 67% of @entity1 on IVIG and in 50% on anti-D globulin. Eight @entity1 did not respond initially and received @entity288 . Three @entity1 with refractory @entity882 received anti- @entity2225 (rituximab). Fourteen @entity1 (11%) had persistent/chronic disease. In 10 of them recovery was observed in 13 months-8 years. Splenectomy was performed in six @entity1 with resistant/chronic disease. CONCLUSION: @entity3039 has a benign course in the majority of cases. Anti-D globulin can effectively be used as an alternative first-line treatment. Rituximab can successfully be used in refractory cases, while splenectomy has currently limited indications.

title: XXXX in childhood: twenty years of experience in a single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'ITP']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the use of single-port laparoscopy in a series of @entity1 undergoing Burch colposuspension with an extraperitoneal approach as an alternative treatment for scarless surgery in stress urinary @entity322 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From September 2010 to May 2011 we performed single-port extraperitoneal laparoscopic Burch colposuspension for @entity3142 in 15 @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1 who were diagnosed with urodynamic @entity3142 were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data, intraoperative findings, and postoperative course were recorded. RESULTS: The mean age was 45,80    9,91 years (range: 38-70 years). The mean body mass index was 25,67    4.06 kg/m2 (range: 22.23-35.38 kg/m(2)). The mean operation time and mean @entity190 were 40.80    5.94 minutes (range: 30-50 minutes) and 30.67    11.00 cc (range: 10-50 cc), respectively. The single-port laparoscopic operations were technically completed successfully without placement of additional trocars and there were no complications. The cure and improvement rates following laparoscopic Burch colposuspension via single port were 73.3 % and 20 % respectively. CONCLUSION: Single-port laparoscopic Burch can be an alternative treatment for scarless surgery in @entity3142 . Single-incision laparoscopic Burch colposuspension can offer suitable, effective and safe treatment in @entity1 with @entity3142 .

title: Laparoscopic single-port Burch colposuspension with an extraperitoneal approach and standard instruments for stress urinary XXXX : early results from a series of 15 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Considerable attentions have been focused on the treatment of @entity651 using mesenchymal stem cells that can replenish damaged tissues including the blood vessels. In @entity1 lung-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hL-MSC), we investigated the potential role of an @entity1356 -stimulated @entity24342 pathway in angiogenesis in vitro. The expressions of @entity24342 and its target genes were examined in cells treated with @entity1356 . The angiogenic activity of hL-MSC was studied by cell migration and tube formation assays in which @entity24342 levels were manipulated. The reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were also performed to analyze the underlying regulations. We found that the expression of @entity24342 was enhanced in hL-MSC by @entity1356 in a NF-kB dependent manner via a NF-kB binding site at its promoter region. The effects of @entity1356 on promoting angiogenic activities in hL-MSC can be mimicked by the overexpression of @entity24342 and were blocked by anti- @entity24342 . Mechanistically, our data suggested that @entity24342 directly targets the 3'-UTR of Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1 ( @entity5741 ) mRNA and decreases its expression. Consistently, the expression of @entity3546 , the major mediator of canonical Wnt pathway that is capable of inducing endothelial differentiation and angiogenesis, was upregulated by @entity1356 through @entity24342 . Thus, increasing @entity24342 expression by @entity1356 in mesenchymal stem cells could stimulate their capacity of vascular remodeling for efficient repair processes, which may be utilized as a therapeutic target in @entity1 suffering from severe @entity651 .

title: @entity1356 -stimulated @entity3546 up-regulation promotes angiogenesis in XXXX lung-derived mesenchymal stromal cells through a NF-kb-dependent microRNA-433 induction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the developing @entity238 brain, a small number of neural progenitor cells (neuroblasts) generate in a co-ordinated manner a high variety of neuronal cells by integration of temporal, spatial and cell intrinsic information. In this study, we performed the molecular and phenotypic characterization of a structural brain mutant called small mushroom bodies ( @entity40905 ), which was isolated in a screen for mutants with altered brain structure. Focusing on the mushroom body neuroblast lineages we show that failure of neuroblasts to generate the normal number of mushroom body neurons (Kenyon cells) is the major cause of the @entity40905 phenotype. In particular, the premature loss of mushroom body neuroblasts caused a pronounced effect on the number of late-born Kenyon cells. Neuroblasts showed no obvious defects in processes controlling asymmetric cell division, but generated less ganglion mother cells. Cloning of @entity40905 uncovered a single @entity3689 substitution in an evolutionary conserved protein interaction domain of the @entity40906 ( @entity40906 ) protein. @entity40906 is part of the multimeric @entity40907 /Mcm/GINS (CMG) complex, which functions as a @entity40908 during DNA replication. We propose that at least in the case of mushroom body neuroblasts, timely replication is not only required for continuous proliferation but also for their survival. The absence of Kenyon cells in @entity40905 reduced learning and early phases of conditioned olfactory memory. Corresponding to the absence of late-born Kenyon cells projecting to a'/b' and a/b lobes, @entity40905 is profoundly defective in later phases of persistent memory.

title: @entity40906 replicative @entity40908 mutation impairs neuroblast proliferation and memory in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity40906 :: ('31449(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['Minichromosome maintenance 3', 'Mcm3']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity1 @entity3754 is caused primarily by @entity2757 and Wuchereria bancroffi. Unraveling this disease is complex, as @entity1 living in endemic areas exhibit a vast array of clinical states and immune responses. The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)-B. pahangi model of @entity1 @entity3754 has provided much information on immune parameters associated with @entity281 . Prior investigations in our laboratory have shown that gerbils closely mimic a subset of @entity1 classified as microfilaremic but asymptomatic, a group that comprises the majority of @entity1 living in endemic areas. Worm recovery data suggest that gerbils carrying current @entity2623 do not show any resistance to subsequent subcutaneous @entity2623 . The aim of the present studies was to investigate the T cell cytokine response in gerbils receiving multiple infections of B. pahangi as a means of mimicking the conditions experienced by @entity1 in endemic areas. The T cell cytokine profile generated by multiply infected gerbils was not different from that previously generated by gerbils infected only once with B. pahangi. Gerbils infected multiple times with B. pahangi showed a transient increase in @entity225 , which corresponded to the increased eosinophil levels previously reported from multiply infected gerbils. Chronically infected gerbils showed elevated @entity3646 mRNA levels, as has been reported from gerbils infected only once with B. pahangi. @entity281 were also associated with a state of immune @entity6306 , as determined by the characterization of lymphatic thrombi and lymphoproliferation of spleen and renal lymph node cells to worm antigen.

title: Profiling the cellular immune response to multiple XXXX in a susceptible host.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity2757 :: ('6279', 'Species') :: ['Brugia malayi']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic infections', 'filarial infection']

entities_list: @entity2623 :: ('MESH:C531629', 'Disease') :: ['B. pahangi infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Brugia pahangi infections']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim was to evaluate surgical treatment of newly diagnosed uterine @entity5 in a Swedish population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data in the GynOp registry from 2008 to 2014 were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 3443 cases were included: 430 (12%) were robotic-assisted laparoscopic, 272 (8%) laparoscopic, and 2741 (80%) abdominal operations. There was an increasing trend in minimally invasive surgery from 2008 to 2014 (41%). @entity1 with lymph nodes removed in the robotic-assisted laparoscopic group experienced less @entity190 (mean 105 vs. 377 mL), shorter length of hospital stay (2.4 vs. 4.1 days), and fewer days to normal activities of daily living (6.5 vs. 12.7 days) (all p < 0.001) compared with the abdominal group, but operating time did not differ. Similar results were found in @entity1 with no lymph node removal and in @entity1 with body mass index >= 35. Major complications during hospital stay, reoperations, and time to work were less in both minimally invasive groups. More lymph nodes were retrieved in the abdominal (mean 34.4) than in the robotic-assisted laparoscopic (mean 26.0) group, but the number of @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 did not differ, totaling 211/960 (21.9%; 95% CI 19.4-24.7%). Isolated para-aortic lymph node @entity3 were found in 3.9% (95% CI 2.4-5.6%) of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive surgery in uterine @entity5 @entity1 reduces days to normal activities of daily living, number of days to return to work, length of hospital stay, and @entity190 in @entity1 without and with lymph node dissection and in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: A population-based registry study evaluating surgery in newly diagnosed uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Observing another @entity1 performing a complex action accelerates the observer's acquisition of the same action and limits the time-consuming process of learning by trial and error. Observational learning makes an interesting and potentially important topic in the developmental domain, especially when disorders are considered. The implications of studies aimed at clarifying whether and how this form of learning is spared by pathology are manifold. We focused on a specific population with learning and @entity717 , the individuals with @entity3297 . The performance of twenty-eight individuals with @entity3297 was compared with that of mental age- and gender-matched thirty-two typically developing @entity1 on tasks of learning of a visuo-motor sequence by observation or by trial and error. Regardless of the learning modality, acquiring the correct sequence involved three main phases: a detection phase, in which @entity1 discovered the correct sequence and learned how to perform the task; an exercise phase, in which they reproduced the sequence until performance was error-free; an automatization phase, in which by repeating the error-free sequence they became accurate and speedy. @entity1 with @entity3297 beneficiated of observational training (in which they observed an actor detecting the visuo-motor sequence) in the detection phase, while they performed worse than typically developing @entity1 in the exercise and automatization phases. Thus, by exploiting competencies learned by observation, individuals with @entity3297 detected the visuo-motor sequence, putting into action the appropriate procedural strategies. Conversely, their impaired performances in the exercise phases appeared linked to @entity73 , while their deficits in automatization phases to deficits in processes increasing efficiency and speed of the response. Overall, observational experience was advantageous for acquiring competencies, since it primed subjects' interest in the actions to be performed and functioned as a catalyst for executed action.

title: Learning by observation: insights from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities']

entities_list: @entity3297 :: ('MESH:D018980', 'Disease') :: ['Williams syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired spatial working memory']

answer: @entity3297 :: (MESH:D018980,Disease) :: ['Williams syndrome']


abstract: Inotropic support is often required for post-operative management of @entity1 following mitral valve operation. The use of positive inotropes is limited by tolerance development and increase in myocardial @entity26 demand. We have compared i.v. @entity17873 (E) (group E, n = 13), a recently developed phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, to the conventional i.v. therapeutics @entity935 (D) and glyceroltrinitrate (G) in @entity1 following mitral valve operation. The two groups were comparable in terms of physical and pre-operative haemodynamic data. Haemodynamic measurements including cardiac index (CI) determinations were recorded for the first 18 h post surgery in both groups. Group E received a bolus of 1 mg.kg-1 E followed by 4-20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 (mean = 5 +/- 2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) for 14 h according to therapeutic requirements, while group D received @entity935 (4-10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, mean = 3.8 +/- 1.9 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) and glyceroltrinitrate (0.5-5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1; mean = 4 +/- 2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). @entity1425 was added if the MAP was below 60 mmHg or the CI was below 2.5 in both groups (range 50-500 ng.kg-1.min-1; mean E = 0.7 +/- 2 ng.kg-1.min-1; mean D = 2 +/- 2.8 ng.kg-1.min-1). Bolus injection of E resulted in a rise in CI from 2.6 to 3.21.min-1.m-2 (P less than 0.05) within 30 min, followed by a further rise to a maximum of 3.51.min-1.m-2 6 h post bolus. Termination of the E drip resulted in a drop of CI to baseline values (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity17873 , a post-operative inodilator in XXXX following mitral valve operation: a prospective and controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17873 :: ('MESH:D017335', 'Chemical') :: ['enoximone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity370 is a systemic @entity2883 of unknown origin with a high incidence in the Afro-American population. There is no epidemiologic data regarding Afro-Caribbean population. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence and epidemiologic data of the disease, on the island of Guadeloupe, (French West Indies; 402 500 inhabitants, 90% Afro-Caribbean @entity1 ) during the 13-years period between 1/01/1997 and 31/12/2009. METHOD: We performed a retrospective study including exclusively @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity370 confirmed by histological examination of the involved tissues. RESULTS: One hundred and thirteen @entity1 were enrolled in the study. One hundred and eleven @entity1 (98%) were black Caribbean of African European descent. Eighteen @entity1 (16%) were more than 65 years old. The crude annual incidence over the study period was 2.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (IC 95%: [2,4-3,4]). The main localization of the disease was the chest (89%). Radiographic stages were distributed as following: I (31%), II (39%), III (15%), IV (2%). CONCLUSION: Our study showed a low incidence rate of @entity370 on the island of Guadeloupe over the study period with a high rate of old @entity1 .

title: [Incidence of XXXX in Guadeloupe. A 13-year retrospective study: 1997-2009].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: A meta-analysis to estimate the efficacy of probiotics in prevention of radiation-induced @entity29 after pelvic radiotherapy has been performed. Previous attempts have arguably failed to provide a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials and their outcomes. METHODS: We searched for studies indexed in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and on-line clinical trials registers. There was no language or time limit. Each study was evaluated for methodological quality and outcomes. We identified four outcomes on which to perform meta-analysis: incidence of @entity294 , @entity3062 use, watery, and soft stools (Bristol Stool Chart). Odds ratio (OR) was used to compare efficacy, and the pooled OR was estimated using a random effects model; heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q and Higgins I(2) test. Analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.2. RESULTS: Ten studies were included in our systematic review, of which six were subjected to meta-analysis to compare probiotics against placebo. Quality assessment showed an unclear risk due to incomplete outcome data and lack of performance of intention-to-treat analysis, while blinding and randomization issues were present in certain studies. Pooled results showed heterogeneity (Cochran's Q: p  <  0.05; I(2): high). However the pooled OR for the incidence of @entity294 , synthesized from 6 studies, significantly favoured the use of probiotics over control (OR  =  0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.92). Numerically, but not statistically, probiotics seem to decrease @entity3062 use (OR  =  0.29, 95% CI 0.01-6.80) and the incidence of watery stools (OR  =  0.36, 95% CI 0.05-2.81). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, probiotic supplementation shows a probable beneficial effect in the prevention, and possible benefit in the treatment, of radiation-induced @entity294 .

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of probiotics for the management of radiation induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['bowel disease']


abstract: The effect of a critical @entity3979 on myocardial blood flow and metabolism in the fibrillating heart was assessed by placing 10 @entity235 on cardiopulmonary bypass, venting the ventricle, inducing @entity2224 , and applying critical @entity850 to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Endocardial and epicardial blood flows were measured by the radioactive microsphere technique prior to the application of the @entity850 and after one hour and 2 hours of @entity955 . Intramyocardial @entity26 tension ( @entity4095 ) and @entity544 tension (PCO2) were continuously monitored in the LAD-supplied myocardium by a mass spectrometer probe inserted at @entity92 . Selective arterial-coronary venous @entity880 differences were determined at control, one hour, and 2 hours. At the end of the 2 hour period, vital dye injection defined the distribution of the LAD. Endocardial flow to the myocardium of the stenosed LAD was reduced by 50 per cent after one hour and by 70 per cent after 2 hours (p less than 0.05). Epicardial flow fell 40 per cent after one hour and 50 per cent after 2 hours (p less than 0.05). Endocardial and epicardial flow in the distribution of the unstenosed circumflex coronary artery remained unchanged. Changes in myocardial @entity4095 and PCO2 in the LAD-supplied myocardium indicated the development of severe @entity63 in all 10 @entity235 and suggested @entity583 in 5. There was a conversion from @entity880 extraction to @entity880 production during the 2 hour period of @entity2224 . From this study, it is concluded that the myocardium distal to a critical @entity850 suffers a progressive reduction in flow during @entity2224 which does not occur in regions supplied by unstenosed coronary arteries. Thus prolonged @entity955 in the presence of a flow-limiting @entity3979 may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity583 during coronary bypass surgery.

title: Myocardial ischemia during cardiopulmonary bypass. The hazards of @entity2224 in the presence of a critical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['midmyocardial depth']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary stenosis']


abstract: Primary @entity320 occurring in mucous membranes is uncommon. Of 410 @entity1 with @entity320 , 14 (3.4%) had their primary @entity5 located in mucosal membranes. Five of the @entity5 were in the mucosal lining of the head and neck, five in the gastrointestinal tract mucosa and four in the female genitalia. Eight of the @entity5 were @entity1066 , @entity39 and deeply invasive. The most common histological subtype was @entity320 . Surgical resection of the primary @entity5 was performed in 10 @entity1 . In the other four, surgery was not feasible, and they were treated by irradiation and immunotherapy. Six @entity1 underwent regional lymph node dissection. In four of them, regional metastases were found. Chemotherapy was given to seven @entity1 for widespread metastases. Nine @entity1 (64%) died of metastatic @entity320 within 2 years. The remaining five @entity1 are alive after 3 to 8 years. It appears that mucosal membrane @entity320 is a distinct variant of the disease due to both its aggressive biological behaviour and its relative inaccessibility for surgical removal, and may therefore be classified separately.

title: XXXX of the mucous membranes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['acral lentiginous melanoma', 'melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma']