abstract: @entity227 due to @entity4 is a complication of @entity2994 . Vision improves spontaneously within 3 to 6 months in about 50% of cases. There are no drugs with proven benefits in this setting. In addition to its indications in the treatment of @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and @entity6 , ranibizumab, an anti- @entity7 antibody, has now been approved in the European Union for the treatment of @entity227 associated with @entity4 due to @entity2994 . In this setting, clinical evaluation of ranibizumab (Lucentis, Novartis) is based on two double-blind randomised trials comparing ranibizumab (0.3 mg or 0.5 mg) versus placebo in a total of 795 @entity1 . Compared with placebo, about 30% more @entity1 receiving ranibizumab (0.3 mg or 0.5 mg) experienced a tangible improvement in their visual acuity (gain of at least 15 letters on the ETDRS scale) after 6 months of treatment. Efficacy was similar in @entity1 with central @entity2994 and those with occlusion of a peripheral branch. All @entity1 received ranibizumab after the initial 6-month period; the lack of a placebo group means that the long-term effects of ranibizumab cannot be distinguished from spontaneous improvement. There were too few cases of @entity432 to assess the efficacy of ranibizumab in this subgroup of @entity1 , who are most in need of treatment. The adverse effects of ranibizumab were the same as those observed in other clinical situations. They mainly consisted of ocular adverse reactions, such as @entity548 , @entity158 , and @entity2790 . Uncertainties persist as to the long-term risk of recurrent occlusion or progression to @entity2479 . The frequency of systemic adverse events was similar in the ranibizumab and placebo groups. The incidence of @entity712 and transient ischaemic attacks was higher during the second year of ranibizumab therapy than during the first year of treatment. The packaging (bottles) available in early 2012 creates a risk of handling errors, and improvements are needed to prevent these errors. Monthly ranibizumab administration is expensive. In practice, the decision to grant marketing authorisation for ranibizumab in @entity4 due to @entity2994 was premature. Ranibizumab is one option that should be assessed in clinical trials. @entity1 should be informed of the potential adverse effects and uncertainties and be reminded that this condition improves spontaneously in about 50% of cases.

title: Ranibizumab and XXXX . Too many outstanding questions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['A loss of visual acuity', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is a rare @entity5 that occurs mainly in @entity1 in their reproductive age. The pathogenesis of @entity298 is unclear and a controversy regarding its neoplastic and reactive nature exists. The biological behavior of @entity298 is characterized by its slowly progressive process and high rate of recurrence after surgical resection. In addition this lesion does not present a strong tendency to transform into @entity5 . Today approximately 130 cases have been reported. We here report a 62-year-old @entity1 who had diffuse @entity490 , @entity390 and @entity391 . Physical examination revealed a painful mass in her upper abdomen. She reported a mild dehydration, but the vital signs were normal. Peristaltic rushes, gurgles and high-pitched tinkles were audible. Upright plain abdominal film revealed small bowel loops with air-fluid levels. She was diagnosed having an incarcerated incisional @entity547 that resulted in @entity1321 . The @entity1 underwent surgery during which a cystic mass of the right ovary measuring 6 cm multiply 5 cm multiply 4 cm, four small cysts of the small bowel (1 cm in diameter) and a cyst at the retroperitoneum measuring 11 cm multiply 10 cm multiply 3 cm were found. Complete resection of the lesion was performed. The @entity1 had an uneventful recovery and had no recurrence two years after surgery.

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['BMPM', 'Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an important new tool in the staging of @entity9451 . Using new curved linear-array instruments, real-time fine-needle aspiration biopsy (RTFNA) of @entity660 can be performed. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with @entity660 (22 males and 23 females) underwent staging with the Olympus EUM-20 (Olympus America Corp, Melville, NY) followed by EUS-RTFNA with the Pentax FG-32PUA (Pentax-Precision Instrument Corp, Orangeburg, NY) and the 22-gauge GIP needle (GIP Medizin Technik, Grassau, Germany). RESULTS: EUS @entity5 stages were as follows: TO, n = 1; T1, n = 8; T2, n = 9; and T3 n = 27. Aspiration attempts were unsuccessful in four @entity1 (two technical failures and two inadequate specimens). The remaining 41 lesions (mean size, 3.3 cm) were aspirated under EUS guidance (median passes, three) and the cytologic diagnoses were 25 definite @entity420 , five suspicious for @entity420 (three subsequently confirmed and two clinical course consistent with @entity420 ), and 11 negative for @entity5 . Of 11 negatives, two were found to have @entity420 , seven were confirmed benign at surgery (four @entity9296 and three inflammatory), one had a benign pseudocyst, and one had abundant inflammatory cells on RTFNA and follow-up time greater than 12 months with computed tomographic (CT) scans consistent with resolving @entity32 . There were no false-positive RTFNAs. There were no procedure-related complications. Among those with diagnostic EUS-RTFNA (91%), the sensitivity for @entity5 (confirmed plus suspicious) was 94% and negative predictive value 82%. CONCLUSION: EUS-guided RTFNA is a safe and accurate method for performing pancreatic biopsy. It should be considered in @entity1 with suspected @entity9451 in whom a tissue diagnosis is required or when other modalities have failed. EUS-RTFNA allows for local staging and tissue diagnosis in one procedure.

title: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided real-time fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the pancreas in @entity5 XXXX with @entity660 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A bulk of studies in rodents and @entity1 suggest that sleep facilitates different phases of learning and memory process, @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) impairs these processes. Here we tested the hypothesis that @entity1949 could alter spatial learning and memory processing in a non- @entity1 primate, the grey @entity19 lemur (Microcebus murinus), which is an interesting model of aging and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Two sets of experiments were performed. In a first set of experiments, we investigated the effects of @entity1949 on spatial learning and memory retrieval after one day of training in a circular platform task. Eleven male @entity19 lemurs aged between 2 to 3 years were tested in three different conditions: without @entity1949 as a baseline reference, 8 h of @entity1949 before the training and 8 h of @entity1949 before the testing. The @entity1949 was confirmed by electroencephalographic recordings. Results showed no effect of @entity1949 on learning when @entity1949 was applied before the training. When the @entity1949 was applied before the testing, it induced an increase of the amount of errors and of the latency prior to reach the target. In a second set of experiments, we tested the effect of 8 h of @entity1949 on spatial memory retrieval after 3 days of training. Twenty male @entity19 lemurs aged between 2 to 3 years were tested in this set of experiments. In this condition, the @entity1949 did not affect memory retrieval. This is the first study that documents the disruptive effects of the @entity1949 on spatial memory retrieval in this primate which may serve as a new validated challenge to investigate the effects of new compounds along physiological and pathological aging.

title: Sleep deprivation impairs spatial retrieval but not spatial learning in the non- XXXX primate grey @entity19 lemur.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'while sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 2-3 courses of @entity900 , @entity1891 , and @entity1732 was used in the primary treatment of 36 consecutive @entity1 with locally advanced early-stage cervical @entity189 [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages Ib or IIa; @entity5 size, greater than or equal to 4 cm]. The effectiveness of the preoperative chemotherapy was evaluated in the surgical specimens. Among the 33 evaluable @entity1 , the overall clinical response rate was 84.8%, which included a complete response in 8 @entity1 (24.2%) and a partial response in 20 subjects (60.6%). No @entity41 was found in the surgical specimens obtained from 2 complete responders. This therapy induced varying degrees of @entity5 shrinkage and rendered radical surgery feasible in all evaluable cases despite the initial bulky size of the lesions. No significant difference was observed in the response rate according to age and disease stage. Lymph-node @entity3 were found after chemotherapy in 18.2% (6/33) of the @entity1 . Grade II and III hematological @entity137 occurred in 23.3% of the 90 chemotherapy cycles completed. @entity390 and @entity391 occurred to a mild to moderate degree in 75 (83.3%) cycles. These preliminary results suggest that the administration of induction chemotherapy involving two to three courses of @entity900 , @entity1891 , and @entity1732 prior to surgery is effective in reducing the @entity5 volume and in providing better circumstances for surgical removal of the early yet bulky cervical @entity5 and results in tolerable @entity137 . This protocol is now undergoing prospective randomized trials to test its impact on long-term survival.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity900 , XXXX , and @entity1732 and radical surgery in early-stage bulky cervical @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recessive @entity35392 mutations were identified as a cause of severe @entity5925 in pediatric @entity1 . The @entity1 lipin family includes two other closely related members, @entity38555 , which share strong homology and similar activity. The study aimed to determine the involvement of the LPIN family genes in a cohort of pediatric and adult @entity1 (n = 171) presenting with @entity121 , ranging from severe (CK >10 000 UI/L) or moderate (CK <10 000 UI/L) @entity5925 (n = 141) to exercise-induced @entity925 (n = 30), and to report the clinical findings in @entity1 harboring mutations. METHODS: Coding regions of @entity35392 , @entity35393 and @entity35394 genes were sequenced using genomic or complementary DNAs. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 harbored two @entity35392 mutations, including a frequent intragenic deletion. All presented with severe episodes of @entity5925 , starting before age 6 years except two (8 and 42 years). Few @entity1 also suffered from permanent @entity121 , including the eldest ones (>=  40 years). Around 3/4 of muscle biopsies showed accumulation of lipid droplets. At least 40% of heterozygous relatives presented @entity925 . Nine heterozygous SNPs in LPIN family genes were identified in milder phenotypes (mild @entity5925 or @entity925 ). These variants were non-functional in @entity375 complementation assay based on respiratory activity, except the @entity35394 - @entity38556 variant. CONCLUSION: @entity35392 -related myolysis constitutes a major cause of early-onset @entity5925 and occasionally in adults. Heterozygous @entity35392 mutations may cause mild @entity121 . No major defects of @entity35393 or @entity35394 genes were associated with muscular manifestations.

title: Study of @entity35392 , @entity35393 and @entity35394 in XXXX and exercise-induced @entity925 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity38556 :: ('p|SUB|P|24|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P24L']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgia', 'muscular myalgia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle symptoms', 'muscular symptoms']

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: A case with @entity9 treated by a @entity1943 analogue ( @entity87 201-995, @entity87 ) effectively was reported. A 39-year-old @entity1 had underwent gastric resection (Billroth I) and distal pancreaticojejunostomy for transsection of duodenal bulbus and pancreatic body. After 14 days later duodenal diverticulization was performed due to anastomotic stricture of the gastro-duodenostomy, which resulted in @entity9 and voluminous fluids from drains were lasting about 5 weeks. Amylase (AMY) value was shown as high as 703,812 U/l in the exudate. @entity87 was injected by 100 micrograms, s, c, by three times a day for 24 days. The volume of exudate decreased immediately after the administration of @entity87 and to one-half in volume in 2 weeks. AMY also fell to 42, 378 U/l. The drain was removed two months after the third surgery. The @entity1 was discharged on post operative day 200. @entity87 was known to inhibit secretion of bile and intestinal as well as pancreatic juice and its usefulness for leakage of the intestinal tract, especially of the duodenum, is suggested.

title: [Useful treatment modality for postoperative duodenal fistula with XXXX analogue].

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['leakage of duodenal stump']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: Long-chain @entity844 (LCFA) degradation is a key step in methanogenic treatment of wastes/wastewaters containing high concentrations of lipids. However, despite the importance of LCFA-degrading bacteria, their natural diversity is little explored due to the limited availability of isolate information and the lack of appropriate molecular markers. We therefore investigated these microbes by using RNA-based stable isotope probing. We incubated four methanogenic sludges (mesophilic sludges MP and MBF and thermophilic sludges TP and JET) with @entity7352 -labeled @entity2365 (1 mM) as a substrate. After 8 to 19 days of incubation, we could detect @entity7352 -labeled bacterial rRNA. A density-resolved terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting analysis showed distinct bacterial populations in @entity7352 -labeled and unlabeled rRNA fractions. The bacterial populations in the @entity7352 -labeled rRNA fractions were identified by cloning and sequencing of reverse-transcribed 16S rRNA. Diverse phylogenetic bacterial sequences were retrieved, including those of members of the family Syntrophaceae, clone @entity1685 belonging to the class Deltaproteobacteria, Clostridium clusters III and IV, phylum Bacteroidetes, phylum Spirochaetes, and family Syntrophomonadaceae. Although Syntrophomonadaceae species are considered to be the major @entity844 -degrading syntrophic microorganisms under methanogenic conditions, they were detected in only two of the clone libraries. These results suggest that phylogenetically diverse bacterial groups were active in situ in the degradation of LCFA under methanogenic conditions.

title: Diversity of anaerobic microorganisms involved in long-chain XXXX degradation in methanogenic sludges as revealed by RNA-based stable isotope probing.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1685 :: ('MESH:C563551', 'Disease') :: ['cluster MST']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing guidelines and systematic reviews provide inconsistent recommendations on epidural @entity228 injections for @entity13549 . Key limitations of existing reviews are the inclusion of trials with active controls of unknown efficacy and failure to provide an estimate of the size of the treatment effect. PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of epidural @entity228 injections for @entity13549 compared with placebo. DATA SOURCES: International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized, placebo-controlled trials assessing the efficacy of epidural @entity228 injections in @entity1 with @entity13549 . DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Leg @entity158 , and disability were converted to common scales from 0 (no @entity158 or disability) to 100 (worst possible @entity158 or disability). Thresholds for clinically important change in the range of 10 to 30 have been proposed for these outcomes. Effects were calculated for short-term (>2 weeks but  <=3 months) and long-term (>= 12 months) follow-up. DATA SYNTHESIS: Data were pooled with a random-effects model, and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach was used in summary conclusions. Twenty-five published reports (23 trials) were included. The pooled results showed a significant, although small, effect of epidural @entity228 injections compared with placebo for leg @entity158 in the short term (mean difference, -6.2 [95% CI, -9.4 to -3.0]) and also for disability in the short term (mean difference, -3.1 [CI, -5.0 to -1.2]). The long-term pooled effects were smaller and not statistically significant. The overall quality of evidence according to the GRADE classification was rated as high. LIMITATION: The review included only English-language trials and could not incorporate dichotomous outcome measures into the analysis. CONCLUSION: The available evidence suggests that epidural @entity228 injections offer only short-term relief of leg @entity158 and disability for @entity1 with @entity13549 . The small size of the treatment effects, however, raises questions about the clinical utility of this procedure in the target population. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None.

title: Epidural XXXX injections in the management of @entity13549 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, back pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: In the ventral mesencephalon of the E14 @entity35 fetus, 90% of the dopaminergic, @entity669 hydroxylase positive (TH+) cells are localized in 1.0 mm3 of tissue. This same ventral mesencephalic region also contains 90% of the @entity935 content of the E14 ventral brainstem (2.2 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg protein). When cells were prepared for culturing from this localized area, and plated at a density of 2.5 x 10(5) cells/cm2, 17-21% of the cells were TH+, at 4 and 12 h, and at 1, 5, 7 and 10 days after plating. The percentage of TH+ cells was also 17-21% when examined at 4 h, 12 h or 5 days after plating at densities ranging from 7.8 x 10(3) to 2.5 x 10(5) cells/cm2. However, cell survival at a density of less than 6.2 x 10(4) cells/cm2 was poor after 5 days in culture. Based on the degree of neurite elongation and complexity, cell maturation appeared to be complete at 5 days in culture (DIV5), and appeared to be maintained at this level up to DIV10. By DIV14, neurite retraction was evident, and the cells were more rounded. These signs may indicate the inception of senescence in the cultures. A @entity5662 -sensitive, concentration-dependent @entity935 uptake mechanism was demonstrated in the cultures at DIV7, and DA could be released from preloaded cells using 50 mM K+. Five morphological subtypes of TH+ cells were identified in the cultures. This primary culture of the ventral mesencephalic, dopaminergic area, with a high percentage of TH+ cells, is suitable for use in acute biochemical and cellular studies, between DIV 5 and DIV10.

title: A high percentage yield of @entity669 hydroxylase-positive cells from XXXX E14 mesencephalic cell culture.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity5662 :: ('MESH:D001590', 'Chemical') :: ['benztropine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The burden of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is a growing concern worldwide. The prevalence of hemodialysis in Taiwan is the highest in the world, and this may increase the prevalence of orthopedic @entity174 . The aim of this study was to explore the incidences of various orthopedic injuries and the related risk factors. METHODS: A nationwide prospective study based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance dataset was conducted during 2004-2008. A total of 82,491 @entity740 @entity1 were selected as the fixed cohort population. The International Classification of Diseases 9-CM diagnosis codes and treatment codes were identified as the inclusion criteria for @entity130 . RESULTS: A total of 82,491 Taiwanese @entity1 with @entity740 were identified in 2004, and 4915 orthopedic injuries occurred during the 5-year follow-up period. The cumulative incidences of orthopedic injuries were 42.56    for @entity174 , and 12.93   , 3.27   , and 1.64    for @entity3140 , @entity174 , @entity2720 , respectively. All three types of orthopedic @entity174 were more common in the oldest age stratum (>= 65 years old). In the @entity740 @entity1 , the risk ratio of @entity170 was 3.47 (95% confidence interval, 3.10-3.89) for all orthopedic injuries. @entity1 of advanced age, the female gender, and those with high comorbidity were also at significant risk of sustaining orthopedic @entity174 . CONCLUSION: The results from this Taiwanese @entity740 cohort support the strong influence of aging and @entity170 on all kinds of orthopedic injuries. The postponing of @entity170 may need to be taken into consideration for the prevention of @entity130 among @entity740 @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis.

title: Epidemiological study of orthopedic injuries in hemodialysis XXXX in Taiwan: a fixed cohort survey, 2004-2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebrae fractures', 'lower limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['and joint dislocations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orthopedic injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of the PrePex device when circumcision is performed by lower cadre nurses, among healthy adult @entity1 scheduled for @entity2798 , in preparation for scale-up. METHODS: Single-center 3-month nonrandomized field study was conducted in Rwanda. Ten nurses were trained for 3 days on the PrePex circumcision method. Healthy noncircumcised adult male volunteers (n = 590) were enrolled, distributed between 5 teams of 2 nurses each, and underwent circumcision using the PrePex device, which employs radial elastic pressure to the foreskin, leading to distal @entity39 . Adverse event (AE) data were gathered for 6 weeks postremoval. RESULTS: All 518 subjects from the pilot and pivotal phases achieved complete circumcision. There were 5 AEs on 4 subjects (rate of 0.96%, 95% confidence interval: 0.31 to 2.24). There were 4 device-related AEs, including 1 case of @entity548 postremoval, 1 case of @entity158 the night before the removal (which resulted in subject self-removal of the device and caused mild @entity548 ), 1 erroneous placement, and 1 subject partial removal of the device. There was 1 non-device-related AE. AEs were moderate and were resolved with simple intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that circumcision performed by nurses using the PrePex device is safe, effective, and easy to train. The procedure was minimally invasive and did not require injected anesthesia, sutures, or sterile settings. PrePex has the potential to help facilitate rapid, safe, nonphysician male circumcision scale-up programs for @entity645 prevention, an imminent need in sub Saharan Africa where physicians are limited.

title: One-arm, open-label, prospective, cohort field study to assess the safety and efficacy of the PrePex device for scale-up of nonsurgical circumcision when performed by nurses in resource-limited settings for XXXX prevention.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['high pain']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary circumcision']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Research on the influence of handedness on the clinical presentation and neuropsychology of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical presentation and neuropsychological test performance of right- and @entity1002 @entity1 with @entity195 . DESIGN: We hypothesized that @entity1002 would be associated with younger onset, more rapid progression, and possibly cognitive hemispheric asymmetry. After determining handedness with the Edinburgh Inventory for Handedness for 922 @entity1 with @entity195 , 18 @entity1002 @entity1 were compared with 18 right-handed @entity1 matched individually on Mini-Mental State Examination scores, education, and age. We compared clinical characteristics (eg, age of onset), estimated rate of initial @entity73 , language and visuospatial test performances, and patterns of cognitive and motor asymmetries for the 2 groups. SETTING: @entity195 Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised verbal and performance IQ tests, the Western Aphasia Battery sequential commands subtest, the Boston Naming Test, the Halstead-Reitan Finger-Tapping Test, and the calculated Rate of Initial Progression. RESULTS: We found that @entity1002 @entity1 had younger ages of onset but unexpectedly lower estimated rates of initial @entity73 , and their results on language tests did not differ from those of right-handed @entity1 . Regarding asymmetry, @entity1002 @entity1 were more likely than right-handers to obtain lower verbal IQ than performance IQ scores and to exhibit faster finger-tapping speeds with their nondominant hand, but group differences did not attain statistical significance. There were disproportionately few @entity1002 @entity1 with @entity195 compared with population norms. CONCLUSIONS: Left-handed @entity1 with @entity195 do not differ from right-handed @entity1 in the severity or pattern of @entity51 . @entity1002 or some factor associated with it may contribute to the early appearance of @entity73 during the development of @entity195 , but may temper the subsequent rate of progression of deficits.

title: The influence of handedness on the clinical presentation and neuropsychology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's Disease", 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left-handedness', 'left-handed', 'left-handedness']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: Esophageal duplication cyst is a rare @entity154 resulting from a foregut budding error during the fourth to sixth week of embryonic development. Cervical esophageal duplication cysts are very rare and may cause @entity649 in infancy. A full-term newborn @entity1 who was born by normal delivery was transferred to our hospital because of swelling of the right anterior @entity135 since birth. Cervical ultrasonography showed a 40   *   24   *   33  mm simple cyst on the right @entity135 . Tracheal intubation was required at 2  weeks of age because of worsening external compression of the @entity825 . Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed the existence of ciliated epithelium. At 1  month of age, exploration was performed through a transverse @entity135 incision. The cyst had a layer of muscle connected to the lateral wall of the esophagus. Histopathological diagnosis was a cervical esophageal duplication cyst. We describe the clinical features of infantile cervical esophageal duplication cysts based on our experience of this @entity395 in a neonate, along with a review of 19 cases previously reported in literature.

title: A case of cervical esophageal duplication cyst in a newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sitting time and @entity146 have been associated with adverse health outcomes including @entity28 , @entity6 and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) within non- Hispanic White populations. Similar associations have not been described within Hispanic populations despite their high @entity65 risk profile. This study aimed to assess the association between sitting time and @entity28 , self-reported diagnosed @entity6 , @entity101 and high @entity165 among a large cohort (N=11,268) of Mexican origin adults and to assess whether @entity28 mediated these associations. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, data collected between 2004 and 2010 were analyzed in late 2010. Regression analyses evaluated associations between self-reported daily sitting hours and disease outcomes, controlling for demographics, employment status, family disease history, and light, moderate and strenuous physical activity. RESULTS: @entity1 were mostly female (81.1%) Mexican origin adults. Sitting time was associated with increased odds of being @entity28 , having @entity6 and having @entity101 , but not high @entity165 . Adjusted odds ratios of @entity1 who reported sitting > 4 hours/day compared to those sitting 1-2 hours/day were for @entity28 OR=1.55 (95% CI 1.39, 1.73), p<.001, for @entity6 OR=1.29 (95% CI, 1.09, 1.52), p=.003, for @entity101 OR=1.17 (95% CI, 1.01, 1.37), p=.041. Associations controlled for physical activity and employment status. Effects on @entity101 and @entity6 were mediated by @entity28 . CONCLUSIONS: Sitting time was significantly associated with detrimental health outcomes, independent of physical activity. Obesity mediated these relationships for @entity6 and @entity101 . Future research should assess whether interventions addressing sitting time are feasible and effective among Mexican origin populations.

title: Sitting time and health outcomes among Mexican origin adults: XXXX as a mediator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sedentary behaviors']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1014 kinase gene of the herpes simplex virus (HSV-tk) is a suicide gene when administrated with the prodrug @entity4540 (GCV). This study investigated the effectiveness of HSV-tk activation as gene therapy for gastroesophageal junction and @entity356 using either the stress-inducible @entity13839 promoter or the @entity19 @entity1778 virus long-terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. METHODS: The HSV-tk gene, controlled by either the @entity13839 promoter or the LTR promoter, was transduced into the gastroesophageal junction @entity420 cell line SK-GT-5 and the @entity356 cell line MKN-74. Cell viability after exposure to varying concentrations of GCV was compared. The same cell lines were used to develop a nude @entity19 model for studies of the HSV-tk/GCV effect in vivo. The effect of intraperitoneal GCV injection on growth of the subcutaneous @entity5 was measured. HSV-TK expression was measured by Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Cell viability in vitro was significantly lower in the HSV-tk expressing (HSV-tk+) cells compared to control (no HSV-tk) cells after exposure to GCV. MKN-74tk+ cells were more sensitive to GCV killing than SK-GT-5tk+ cells. After culture with 1 microg/ml GCV for 10 days, MKN-74/tk cells were totally killed, whereas most SK-GT-5/tk cells survived. Cell viability was significantly lower under @entity413 starvation conditions when HSV-tk expression was regulated by the @entity13839 promoter compared with the LTR promoter. MKN-74 @entity5 formed with HSV-tk+ cells in @entity19 were eliminated after administration of GCV for 3 weeks, but GCV had no effect on @entity5 formed from HSV-tk- cells. Eradication of @entity5 formed with @entity13839 -tk cells was faster than that with LTR-tk cells. HSV-TK protein and mRNA were expressed in the transduced, but not the non-transduced @entity5 . CONCLUSION: HSV-tk xwith @entity4540 suicide gene therapy results in significant cell killing in gastroesophageal junction and @entity356 cells both in vitro and in vivo, but complete @entity5 elimination only occurred with the @entity356 cell @entity5 . The most effective approach in this study used the @entity13839 promoter in @entity413 -starvation stress conditions.

title: Effectiveness of HSV-tk suicide gene therapy driven by the XXXX stress-inducible promoter in esophagogastric junction and @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinomas', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity13839 :: (14828(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Grp78']


abstract: DNA ploidy analysis of prostate needle biopsy specimens was performed to determine whether ploidy status could predict @entity5 grade shifting at radical prostatectomy. The paired needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens from 111 randomly selected @entity1 with @entity263 were obtained from the surgical pathology files of the Albany Medical Center Hospital. The original @entity5 grades were assigned by a staff of 12 surgical pathologists according to the Gleason system. @entity5 with original Gleason scores < or = 6 were classified as low grade, and @entity5 with scores of > or = 7 were considered high grade. DNA ploidy analysis was performed on the needle biopsy specimens using the CAS 200 image analyzer (Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems, Mountain View, CA, USA) on Feulgen stained 5-microm tissue sections. There were 88 diploid and 23 nondiploid cases. Thirty-eight of 111 (34%) of cases had grade shifting from needle biopsy to radical prostatectomy specimens. Of 89 low-grade needle biopsy cases, 28 (31%) were upgraded at radical prostatectomy. Of 22 high-grade needle biopsy cases, 10 (45%) were downgraded to low grade at radical prostatectomy. Of the 28 low-grade needle biopsy specimens that were upgraded at radical prostatectomy, 19 (68%) featured an aneuploid histogram and 9 (32%) were diploid. Nineteen of 28 (68%) of @entity5 on needle biopsy became high-grade at radical prostatectomy. Nine of 10 (90%) diploid high-grade @entity5 at needle biopsy became low-grade at radical prostatectomy. Of the 38 cases in which ploidy and grade were incongruous, 28 (74%) had grade shifting. In a multivariate regression analysis, a high-grade Gleason score on radical prostatectomy specimens correlated significantly with needle biopsy ploidy (p = 0.0001) but not with needle biopsy grade (p = 0.15). The sensitivity of the needle biopsy grade in the detection of high-grade @entity5 on radical prostatectomy was 30%, and the specificity was 86%. The sensitivity of ploidy status in the prediction of high grade at radical prostatectomy was 78%, and the specificity was 96%. With a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of >0.4 ng/ml as the indicator of post-radical prostatectomy disease recurrence on a subset of 106 @entity1 , on univariate analysis, disease recurrence was predicted by needle biopsy ploidy (p = 0.001) and radical prostatectomy grade (p = 0.04) but not by needle biopsy grade (p = 0.39). On multivariate analysis, needle biopsy DNA ploidy status independently predicted disease recurrence (p = 0.002), whereas needle biopsy and prostatectomy grade did not. These results indicate that DNA ploidy analysis of needle biopsy specimens of @entity263 predicts grade shifting, that it is a more sensitive and specific indicator of final @entity5 grade at radical prostatectomy than is the original needle biopsy grade, and that ploidy status independently predicts @entity86 recurrence.

title: Needle biopsy DNA ploidy status predicts grade shifting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'aneuploid low-grade tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A prospective study of 149 @entity1 suffering from @entity420 of unknown primary site (ACUPS) of bone was carried out. The @entity5 are classified as 63 extraspinal, 67 spinal and 19 mixed involvement. Upon meticulous physical examination, @entity22336 was detected in 15 cases, rectal shelf in 11 cases and @entity382 in 44 cases. Blood chemistry showed elevation of alkaline phosphatase (> 3 sigma units) in 98 cases and chest roentgenogram showed @entity358 in 23 cases. Treatment was surgery and radiotherapy in 64 and two cases respectively. In all of these @entity1 histological findings of the biopsy or resection specimen had confirmed the diagnosis of @entity420 . Among 124 evaluable @entity1 , overall survival was analysed using Kaplan-Meier life table analysis. Survival rates at one, two and four months after diagnosis were 80.7, 60.5 and 25 per cent with a mean and median survival times of 90 and 77 days respectively. Statistical analysis was also performed to ascertain the prognostic importance of the following variables: age, gender, @entity22336 , rectal shelf, @entity382 , serum alkaline phosphatase, @entity358 , and multiplicity and site of the @entity75 . The presence of @entity358 or @entity382 significantly produced unfavorable impact on the duration of survival (p = 0.0004 and 0.0150, respectively) while other remaining factors had not.

title: Osseous XXXX of unknown primary site: study of survival and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osseous lesions']

entities_list: @entity22336 :: ('MESH:D011213', 'Disease') :: ["Virchow's node"]

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesion', 'pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that recurrent sleep curtailment will result in decreased physical activity in adults at risk for @entity164 2 @entity6 . DESIGN: Two-condition 2-period randomized crossover study. SETTING: University General Clinical Research Center. @entity1 : Eighteen healthy @entity1 with parental history of @entity164 2 @entity6 (9 females and 9 males, age 27 yr [standard deviation 3], body mass index 23.7 [2.3] kg/m  ). INTERVENTIONS: Two week-long inpatient sessions with 8.5 or 5.5-hr nighttime sleep opportunity. @entity1 who exercised regularly (39%) could follow their usual exercise routines during both sessions. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep and total body movement were measured by wrist actigraphy and waist accelerometry. Subjective mood and vigor was assessed using visual analog scales. The main outcome was the comparison of total activity counts between sleep conditions. Ancillary endpoints included changes in sedentary, light, and moderate plus vigorous activity, and their association with changes in mood and vigor. Daily sleep was reduced by 2.3 hr (P < 0.001) and total activity counts were 31% lower (P = 0.020) during the 5.5-hr time-in-bed condition. This was accompanied by a 24% reduction in moderate-plus-vigorous activity time (P = 0.005) and more sedentary behavior (+21 min/day; P = 0.020). The decrease in daily activity during the 5.5-hr time-in-bed condition was seen mostly in @entity1 who exercised regularly (-39 versus -4% in exercisers versus nonexercisers; P = 0.027). Sleep loss-related declines in physical activity correlated strongly with declines in subjective vigor (R = 0.90; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Experimental sleep restriction results in decreased amount and intensity of physical activity in adults at risk for @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Sleep restriction decreases the physical activity of adults at risk for @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the clinical findings associated with pulsus alternans in English cocker spaniels with @entity384 and to review the phenomenon of mechanical alternans, usually found in @entity1 with severe @entity1002 . METHODS: The case records of 10 English cocker spaniels with @entity384 and pulsus alternans were reviewed. All @entity235 had been referred in moderate to severe @entity712 . Pulsus alternans was clinically recognised by palpation of a regular alternation of femoral pulse amplitude and confirmed by echocardiography in all cases. Pulsus alternans was an intermittent finding in all 10 @entity235 . RESULTS: Phonocardiographic recordings were obtained in three @entity235 to document variation in the intensity of the heart sounds, with one case exhibiting absence of the second heart sound in alternate beats. M-mode echocardiography performed in all @entity235 showed alternation of the pattern of mitral valve diastolic motion. Doppler echocardiography showed marked alternation in @entity64 volume in the aortic outflow in all cases. It also showed alternation in @entity339 and in the velocity of early @entity67 . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Pulsus alternans may be more prevalent in English cocker spaniels than in other breeds, and because of its intermittent nature, its incidence may be higher than that previously reported. It has diagnostic relevance as it usually indicates severe @entity296 . Echocardiography allows non-invasive detection of mechanical alternans and provides further insights into its pathophysiology and clinical significance.

title: Pulsus alternans in English cocker spaniels with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial depression']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular filling']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: In order to understand the hormonal regulation of @entity342 receptors (AR) in the separate lobes of the @entity35 prostate gland, the present study examined AR levels in the ventral, dorsal and lateral prostate lobes as a function of @entity342 withdrawal to complete prostatic regression and subsequent @entity251 replacement. In the intact @entity35 , the 3 prostate lobes contained significantly different amounts of @entity342 binding sites. Mean number of total cellular AR in the ventral, dorsal and lateral lobes was 7370, 1690, and 1015 fm/mg DNA, respectively. These receptors were primarily localized within the nuclear fraction of homogenized tissue: ventral, 86%; dorsal, 83%; and lateral, 100% nuclear localization. @entity342 withdrawal was initiated via castration and @entity35 were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days thereafter. Nuclear AR levels fell rapidly to 5, 24 and 30% of intact values by 48 h in the ventral, dorsal and lateral lobes, respectively. Levels of nuclear AR continued to decline in the ventral and dorsal lobes to undetectable levels by Day 10. In marked contrast, lateral lobe nuclear AR began to increase on Day 3 postcastration, reaching intact values by Day 7 and 133% intact levels by Day 14. Cytosolic AR in the ventral and dorsal lobes initially increased following castration, but subsequently declined to low levels by Day 14. Cytosolic AR were not detectable in the lateral prostate at any time point following castration. To determine the nuclear AR response to @entity251 at this time, 14 day castrate @entity35 were given 2 cm @entity251 implants and sacrificed 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days thereafter. As expected, nuclear AR rapidly returned in the ventral and dorsal lobes by Day 1 and reached a plateau by Day 5. A short term response to @entity342 exposure occurred in the lateral lobe where an immediate 9-fold increase in nuclear AR quantity was observed; however, these levels rapidly declined to pre-implant values by Day 5 and remained at that level despite continued exposure to @entity251 . These f findings indicate that while nuclear AR levels in the ventral and dorsal prostate are primarily regulated by @entity3800 , a @entity251 -independent component exists within the lateral lobe.

title: Differential regulation of @entity342 receptors in the separate XXXX prostate lobes: @entity342 independent expression in the lateral lobe.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We report on the successful treatment of advanced @entity356 by surgical resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A 67-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of @entity788 . Meticulous examination, however, revealed the presence of @entity356 with @entity843 and large lymph node @entity3 adjacent to the pancreas. We selected combination chemotherapy with oral @entity11730 and biweekly @entity1311 . After two courses, both the @entity5 and metastatic lymph nodes were greatly reduced, and the @entity843 had disappeared. Using laparoscopy, there was no evidence of peritoneal @entity3 , and the cytological examination was negative. The @entity1 underwent distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. Histological examination revealed that the @entity5 cells were still present in part, but no lymph node @entity3 were found. The @entity5 was pathologically diagnosed as pT2, pN0, P0, M0, CY0, and p-stage II. The @entity1 is healthy over 4 years after surgery without recurrence.

title: Successful treatment of advanced @entity356 by surgical resection following combination chemotherapy with oral XXXX and biweekly @entity1311 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity11730 :: (5707,Gene) :: ['S-1']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new treatment approach including induction @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in unresectable, @entity788 ( @entity788 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity788 were enrolled in the study. They first received induction @entity7730 consisting of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) (500 mg/m2) and @entity136 (1000 mg/m2), which were given weekly for 3 weeks of every 4. @entity1 showing a response or disease stabilization after 2 cycles of induction @entity7730 received CRT consisting of external beam radiotherapy (50.4-54 Gy in fractions of 1.8 Gy/day) and @entity136 (350 mg/m2, weekly for 6 weeks). @entity1 without disease progression received 2 additional cycles of @entity7730 consisting of 5FU plus @entity136 with the same doses and schedule as given in the induction @entity7730 . RESULTS: After the end of the study, 2 (8%) and 5 (21%) @entity1 showed complete and partial responses, respectively. Five @entity1 (21%) had disease stabilization. The grade 3 and 4 @entity137 associated with @entity7730 were @entity1398 (21%) and @entity882 (4%). The grade 3 and 4 @entity137 occurring in @entity1 who received CRT were @entity1398 (24%), @entity882 (24%), @entity294 (18%), and @entity390 (12%). The median progression-free survival for all @entity1 was 6 months (95% CI, 3.6-8.4), and the median overall survival was 11 months (95% CI, 8.16-13.84). CONCLUSIONS: The CRT approach of this study is moderately active and has an acceptable @entity137 profile. However, the incorporation of combination @entity7730 into CRT at the present schedule could not produce any additional benefit over CRT alone. Newer agents with more systemic activity are clearly warranted.

title: Phase II study of induction @entity7730 with @entity136 plus @entity1487 followed by @entity136 -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['locally advanced pancreatic cancer', 'LAPC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['locally advanced pancreatic cancer']


abstract: @entity244 refers to the occurrence of @entity548 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ), usually due to a @entity1756 . Although it is a well-described entity in the ophthalmological literature, it has been only rarely commented upon in the neurosurgical discussion of @entity510 . Fundus findings are reported in a prospective study of 22 consecutive @entity1 with a computerized tomography- or lumbar puncture-proven diagnosis of @entity510 . Six of these @entity1 had @entity548 on initial examination. In four @entity1 @entity548 was evident on presentation (six of eight eyes). In the subsequent 12 days, @entity548 developed in the additional two @entity1 (three of four eyes) due to @entity1867 from the original subhyaloid hemorrhages. The initial amount of @entity548 did not correlate with the severity of @entity510 . Two of the six @entity1 with @entity548 died, whereas five of the 16 remaining @entity510 @entity1 without @entity548 died. Of the four survivors with @entity548 , three showed gradual but significant improvement in their visual acuity by 6 months. The fourth underwent vitrectomy at 8 months after presentation and had a good visual result. With modern and aggressive medical and microsurgical management, @entity244 should be recognized as an important reversible cause of @entity1939 in @entity1 surviving @entity510 .

title: @entity244 : a reversible cause of XXXX following @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular hemorrhage', 'vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Terson's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['blindness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detailed information about how @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ) are treated across practice settings does not exist. The authors conducted a prospective, observational study to examine the patterns of care for a series of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity135 in the United States and to test 2 hypotheses: 1) There is no difference in the pattern of care between community and academic settings; and 2) the results of major randomized clinical trials will change the pattern of care in both practice settings within 1 year of publication in peer-reviewed journals. METHODS: @entity1 aged >=  18 years were enrolled in the Longitudinal Oncology Registry of @entity135 (LORHAN) after providing written informed consent if they had a confirmed diagnosis of new @entity135 and were scheduled to receive treatment other than surgery alone. RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2010, 100 centers enrolled 4243 @entity1 , including 2612 @entity1 (62%) from academic investigators and 1631 @entity1 (38%) from community centers. Initial treatments were radiation with concurrent chemotherapy (30%) or cetuximab (9%), adjuvant radiotherapy (21%), induction chemotherapy (16%), and other (24%). Intensity modulated radiation therapy was the dominant radiation technique (84%). Single-agent @entity900 was prescribed in nearly half of @entity1 and more often in academic centers (53% vs 43% of @entity1 ; P < .0001). Single-agent cetuximab was the next most common drug used (19%) and was prescribed more frequently in community settings (24% vs 17%; P = .0001). The data rejected the 2 prospective hypotheses. CONCLUSIONS: LORHAN documented differences in @entity1 characteristics and treatments between community and academic settings for a large series of @entity1 in the United States.

title: XXXX in the United States: first comprehensive report of the Longitudinal Oncology Registry of @entity135 (LORHAN).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma', 'HNC', 'Head and Neck Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and neck carcinoma']


abstract: Concentration and preferential retention of immunoglobulins and complement components were studied in comparison with other plasma proteins in 42 @entity1 aortae with @entity731 . Saline and acid extracted IgG, IgA, IgM, @entity6300 , C3c, C4, C9, @entity4417 , @entity1851 , alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, albumin, @entity69 and fibrinogen were quantitatively determined using the radial immunodiffusion. The fibrous plaques and their adjacent areas contained higher levels of each protein than intima with only @entity1856 . No significant differences were found between the fibrous plaques and their adjacent areas presenting intimal thickenings. Saline eluted IgG and IgA were significantly higher in the fibrous plaque intima than in intimal samples with @entity1856 and were the only proteins detected in the acid eluates. The complement components were present in all saline eluates, while @entity1851 was found in 23 samples. Crossed immunoelectrophoretic studies showed the activation of saline C3 and C4. In 8 cases serum levels of the studied proteins were compared with their concentration in saline eluates obtained from intima and media. The immunoglobulins and complement components presented higher intima/serum and lower media/intima retention ratios than the other studied proteins suggesting their preferential retention in the intima. The presence of immune related proteins in the @entity731 intima and their preferential retention might be explained not only by an altered permeability but also in relation to their function.

title: Immunoglobulins and complement components in XXXX aortic @entity731 intima.

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fatty streaks']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The Iraq conflict resulted in the largest displacement in the Middle East since the Palestinian crisis, and provision of health services to the displaced population presents a critical challenge. The study aimed to provide information on chronic medical conditions and disability to inform humanitarian assistance planning. Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of Iraqi populations displaced in Jordan and Syria were conducted in late 2008 and early 2009. Clusters of 10 household were randomly selected using probability-based sampling; a total of 1200 and 813 Iraqi households in Jordan and Syria, respectively, were interviewed. The majority of respondents in both countries perceived healthcare as unaffordable but accessible; cost was an important barrier to care. In Jordan, most routine health expenditures were for medications where in Syria, expenses were divided between medical consultations and medication. @entity102 prevalence among adults was 51.5% (confidence interval (CI): 49.4-53.5) in Syria and 41.0% (CI: 39.4-42.7) in Jordan, most common were @entity101 and @entity85 . Overall disability rates were 7.1% (CI: 6.3-8.0) in Syria and 3.4% (CI: 3.0-3.9) in Jordan. In both countries, the majority of disability was attributed to conflict, prevalence was higher in @entity1 than @entity1 , and @entity308 was the leading cause of @entity717 . @entity102 , disabilities and psychological health are key challenges for the Iraqi population and the health systems in Jordan and Syria. Continued attention to the development of systems to manage conditions that require secondary and tertiary care is essential, particularly given reported difficulties in accessing care and the anticipated prolonged displacement.

title: XXXX and disability among Iraqi populations displaced in Jordan and Syria.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic disease', 'Chronic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal problems']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic disease']


abstract: @entity808 ( @entity808 ) is a rare benign @entity1263 . The @entity5 is an uncommon nodular variant of @entity808 . Eleven cases of @entity808 ( @entity808 ) were studied by clinicopathologic correlation, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 6 to 80 yr; the median age was 37 yr. The @entity5 were presented as single, soft to rubbery, movable, nontender, and sometimes painful nodules ranging from 0.5 cm to 2.5 cm. in diameter. The lesions were most commonly located on the extremities. The overlying skin surface was intact. These @entity5 were not associated with von @entity1264 or @entity28536 . On gross examination the cut surface of the @entity5 showed grayish-white to yellow or tan coloration and had a well-defined border, but there was no evidence of a plexiform growth pattern. The microscopic features were characterized by single or multiple well-circumscribed nodules of spindle-shaped @entity5 cells. The nuclei were irregular and elongated, and the cytoplasm was eosinophilic and fibrillary without distinct cytoplasmic borders. Nuclear palisading was prominent, and Verocay bodies were present. Mitotic figures were rare (fewer than 2 per 20 high-power fields). Bodian stain showed presence of nerve fibers at the periphery of the @entity5 . The adjacent tissue showed wavy, spindle-shaped cells and collagen fibers in a @entity4494 rich in hyaluronic acid, a pattern reminiscent of @entity3292 . The @entity5 cells showed positive reactivity with anti- @entity4483 protein in both the nuclei and cytoplasm. Glial fibrillary acid protein was focally positive, and @entity3508 was negative. Electron microscopy displayed features of Schwann cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Solitary @entity808 ( XXXX ): a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of 11 cases.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'Plexiform neurilemmoma', 'CPN', 'cutaneous plexiform neurilemmoma', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis"]

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid stroma']

entities_list: @entity28536 :: ('MESH:C536641', 'Disease') :: ['neurilemmomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: 1. Endothelin (ET) and its mRNA are present in endometrium. Expression of ET varies across the menstrual cycle, reaching maximal levels in the premenstrual phase, suggesting a paracrine role in @entity1478 and/or repair. 2. The major cellular source of ET is the epithelium, although endothelium and decidualized stroma are additional sites of production. Epithelial ET is the ET-1 isoform and this is able to contract @entity35 thoracic aortic rings ex vivo. 3. @entity2232 production by cultured endometrial epithelial cells is markedly increased by serum and, to a lesser extent, by transforming growth factor-beta and @entity1192 , but not by epidermal growth factor, @entity398 , @entity5463 , @entity37490 , which stimulate ET production in other tissues. 4. @entity2232 has mitogenic actions on endometrial stromal cells; it stimulates the uptake of @entity665 , acting via the AP-1 cis element c-jun. 5. @entity2282 ( @entity2282 ), a membrane-bound ectoenzyme that is capable of degrading ET, is localized principally in @entity1478 and immunoreactivity is maximal in the secretory phase of the cycle. 6. A potential role for ET in regulating @entity1478 is suggested by studies on endometrium from two groups of @entity1 who were experiencing abnormal uterine @entity548 : users of the contraceptive Norplant (Leiras Co., Turku, Finland) and subjects with documented @entity931 . In both groups, ET-1 immunoreactivity in endometrial epithelium was markedly reduced compared with the normal menstrual cycle and did not vary cyclically, while @entity2282 immunoreactivity, particularly in the epithelium, was increased. Thus, ET may be involved in @entity1478 , as a vasoconstrictor before the onset of menstruation when vasoconstriction is intense and, subsequently, when it may be required in the cessation of menstrual @entity548 . Furthermore, the mitogenic actions of ET may play a role in endometrial regeneration and remodelling during the menstrual cycle, particularly following menstruation.

title: Endometrial endothelin: regulator of uterine XXXX and endometrial repair.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2282 :: ('4311', 'Gene') :: ['Neutral endopeptidase', 'NEP']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial bleeding', 'endometrial stroma']

entities_list: @entity37490 :: ('2147;183', 'Gene') :: ['thrombin or angiotensin II']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of medical treatment for @entity1 with @entity548 peptic @entity1066 is uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 220 @entity1 with duodenal, gastric, or stomal @entity1066 and signs of @entity548 , as confirmed by endoscopy. In 26 @entity1 the @entity1066 showed arterial spurting, in 34 there was active oozing, in 35 there were nonbleeding, visible vessels, and in 125 there were adherent clots. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity4546 (40 mg given orally every 12 hours for five days) or placebo. The outcome measures studied were further @entity548 , surgery, and @entity204 . RESULTS: Twelve of the 110 @entity1 treated with @entity4546 (10.9 percent) had continued @entity548 or further @entity548 , as compared with 40 of the 110 @entity1 who received placebo (36.4 percent) (P<0.001). Eight @entity1 in the @entity4546 group and 26 in the placebo group required surgery to control their @entity548 (P<0.001). Two @entity1 in the @entity4546 group and six in the placebo group died. Thirty-two @entity1 in the @entity4546 group (29.1 percent) and 78 in the placebo group (70.9 percent) received transfusions (P<0.001). A subgroup analysis showed that @entity4546 was associated with significant reductions in recurrent @entity548 and surgery in @entity1 with nonbleeding, visible vessels or adherent clots, but not in those with arterial spurting or oozing. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity548 peptic @entity1066 and signs of @entity548 , treatment with @entity4546 decreases the rate of further @entity548 and the need for surgery.

title: A comparison of XXXX and placebo for @entity548 peptic ulcer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['recent bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pes anserinus @entity924 / @entity2585 (PATB) is a frequent cause of knee @entity158 . Its predisposing factors are still controversial. OBJECTIVES: Assess the effect of a set of demographic, clinical, somatometric, and biomechanical factors on the risk for PATB. METHODS: A case control design was used to evaluate the association between clinically diagnosed PATB and the presence of @entity6 ; @entity626 (and its radiographic severity); @entity28 ; knee collateral, and anteroposterior instability; and knee or @entity893 . RESULTS: Twenty-two consecutive, incident PATB @entity1 were included; all were females 62.1 +/- 11.5-year-old (limits 45-82). Thirty-eight sex- and age-matched (59.8 +/- 9.4-year-old; P = 0.41) subjects were used as controls; these had asymptomatic @entity170 (20) and a series of @entity627 (18). There was no difference in prevalence of @entity6 , @entity626 , @entity28 , knee instability, varus @entity85 , and @entity893 between cases and controls. Furthermore, no difference in overall, lateral, medial, and @entity626 radiographic severity mean score was found between study groups. The presence of @entity85 alone (OR: 5.2; 95% CI: 1.1-25.5), or in combination with collateral instability (OR: 6.0; 95% CI: 1.4-26.0), was identified as associated with PATB. CONCLUSIONS: Valgus @entity85 , alone or in association with collateral instability, seems to be a risk factor for PATB. No association was found between PATB and some conditions previously reported as predisposing factors such as @entity6 , @entity626 , and @entity28 . PATB should be kept in mind as a highly probable diagnosis in mature @entity1 with medial knee @entity158 and @entity85 .

title: Risk factors for pes anserinus XXXX / @entity2585 : a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['patellofemoral knee osteoarthritis', 'knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['knee deformity', 'valgus knee deformity']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['hindfoot malalignment']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinitis']


abstract: AIM: To describe the natural history, management and outcomes of @entity296 ( @entity296 ) in an unselected Northern European population. METHODS: A retrospective single-center observational study was performed at a tertiary referral @entity712 and transplantation unit. Outcomes measured were baseline demographics, clinical presentation, course, and treatment. Echocardiographic findings were compared at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months. RESULTS: Twelve cases of @entity296 were identified between 2002 and 2008. Mean age was 34.7 years. Nine @entity1 were multiparous and nine had @entity1468 . Ten @entity1 presented in the first week postpartum. Two @entity1 required inotropic support. Mean ejection fraction (EF) at presentation was 27% (SD = 8%) which improved to 47% (SD = 13%) at 6 months. At this time, 10 @entity1 were asymptomatic and 6 had recovered normal cardiac function. Left ventricular (LV) function improved but did not reach normal limits in five cases. One case with persistent severe @entity1002 required cardiac transplantation. One @entity1 suffered an arrhythmic death several years after the 6 months follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity296 is a rare condition. With appropriate therapy, a good clinical outcome is common but not universal. Continued deterioration requiring ventricular support and cardiac transplantation can occur. In our cohort, older maternal age, multiparity, and @entity1468 appeared to be risk factors.

title: Natural history, management, and outcomes of XXXX : an Irish single-center cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['peripartum cardiomyopathy', 'PPCM']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['peripartum cardiomyopathy']


abstract: A systematic study of plasma lipids and lipoproteins was carried out in 11 cases of @entity7960 and 6 cases of @entity23334 ( @entity41818 ) using 11 healthy normolipidemic volunteers of comparable age and sex as controls. No differences were noted in the @entity844 profile of the total lipid fraction, in the total @entity165 and phospholipids or in the percentage distribution of the individual phospholipid classes. The @entity1674 were significantly higher in @entity7960 , but remained within the normal range. Although no @entity854 could be detected in the electrophoretic pattern of plasma lipoproteins or in the apolipoprotein profile on @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, major differences were found in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. Their total amount was reduced and their composition was abnormal in both @entity16 . In Friedreich @entity1 , the relative proportion of @entity165 and @entity1674 was increased while the relative protein content was greatly reduced. In @entity41818 , a similar abnormality was seen except for the excess of @entity1674 . The proportion of phospholipids in HDL was the same in the three groups of @entity1 . In addition, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction was slightly reduced in both diseases. This anomaly of the HDL fraction could indicate that the HDL apolipoprotein moiety has a greater affinity for @entity165 and @entity1674 in @entity7960 than its normal counterpart.

title: Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in XXXX and @entity23334 --evidence for an abnormal composition of high density lipoproteins.

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ["Friedreich's ataxia"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity23334 :: ('MESH:C564815', 'Disease') :: ['familial spastic ataxia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['systematic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity41818 :: ('MESH:C536446', 'Disease') :: ['Charlevoix-Saguenay disease', 'Charlevoix disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity7960 :: (MESH:D005621,Disease) :: ['Friedreich's ataxia']


abstract: Spondylotic degeneration can manifest as tandem (concurrent) cervical and lumbar @entity612 . The primary manifestations include @entity613 , gait disturbance and a mixture of findings of @entity602 and @entity1971 in both the upper and lower extremities. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the existence and management of tandem (concurrent) cervical and lumbar @entity612 . Between 1998 and 2004, 8 @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) were diagnosed with tandem @entity612 in a series of 230 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity612 (3.4%). Three @entity1 received cervical surgery first and 5 @entity1 lumbar surgery first. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score of all @entity1 improved from an average of 8.1 preoperatively to an average of 11.8 points at discharge and maintained an average of 12.7 points at final follow-up. @entity717 Score improved from mean 58.1 to 29 at discharge and 19.3 at latest follow-up. All the @entity1 had excellent or good results and none deteriorated neurologically. Although tandem @entity612 occurred relatively infrequently, we concluded that its possible presence should not be overlooked. The treatment plan must be designed according to the chief complaints and symptoms of the @entity1 .

title: Treatment approach in tandem (concurrent) cervical and lumbar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculopathy']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: Electrocardiograms, biomarkers, and ventricular function studies are diagnostic tools that are currently used to assess @entity1 with acute @entity296 . These tools are limited in their diagnostic accuracy and scope. Thus, for informed therapeutic decision making, tissue characterization may serve as a very important source of information in these initially regional diseases. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is becoming an important tool for phenotyping cardiac @entity1 in vivo. Recent advances of CMR hardware and software as well as protocols have allowed for accurately visualizing tissue changes in @entity1 with acute @entity296 . This is of special interest for acute @entity583 and @entity2401 , because these entities may have a very similar clinical presentation and require immediate therapeutic decision making. Several CMR approaches can be combined in a comprehensive CMR examination, which provides information not only on ventricular size, morphology, and function, but also on the stage, degree, and extent of reversible and irreversible @entity296 . Streamlined protocols allow such a CMR examination to be a time- and cost-efficient diagnostic tool, even in @entity1 with @entity697 . Current CMR approaches for visualizing tissue pathology in vivo are reviewed, examples are presented, and the potential role of CMR tissue characterization in @entity1 with acute @entity296 is discussed. The specific role of imaging the extent and regional distribution of @entity296 and @entity39 is discussed.

title: Tissue characterization of acute @entity583 and XXXX by cardiac magnetic resonance.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'myocardial edema', 'myocardial diseases', 'myocardial disease']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The provision of rehabilitation services is organized differently in Germany than most other countries, with large indication-specific in- @entity1 centres. This study is aimed at the rehabilitative knowledge of physicians who initiate and conduct rehabilitation in Germany. METHODS: Medical specialists routinely involved in the treatment and rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity131 ( @entity131 ) from acute hospitals, rehabilitation centres, and the Medical Services of the Workers' Pension Funds of Sachsen-Anhalt and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern were included in a systematic questionnaire survey aiming at the rehabilitation requirements of @entity1 under their care or evaluation. These specialists are crucial for decision-making in rehabilitation ressource allocation. RESULTS: According to these experts, rehabilitation requirements for @entity64 and @entity131 @entity1 are dominated by deficits in motor functions and daily-living. They are aware that @entity131 rehabilitation includes a greater focus on memory functions, problem-solving and attention, and in @entity64 on language functions. According to the surveyed specialists, the present system of medical rehabilitation in Germany covers the requirements of @entity64 and @entity131 @entity1 only partially. Deficits are identified in out- @entity1 and day clinic rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: Although the knowledge of rehabilitation requirements is adequate in general, its large ranges reflect the necessity for further analysis. The opinions of the surveyed specialists reflect their respective professional setting. Advantages and disadvantages of the German system require further investigation.

title: Physicians' estimates of rehabilitation requirements after @entity64 and XXXX --a questionnaire survey in East Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: @entity1645 occurs when the cerebellar tonsils herniate downward through the foramen magnum into the upper cervical spinal canal. If the posterior fossa craniectomy during corrective surgery leads to excessive enlargement of the foramen magnum, the complication of @entity76 may result. To treat this difficult problem a posterior cranial fossa box expansion was devised and studied. @entity1 who developed @entity76 (confirmed by MRI) following cranial vault decompression for @entity1645 underwent a posterior fossa box expansion (n=7). This procedure involved coverage of posterior aspect of the enlarged foramen magnum with a split-thickness calvarial bone graft box. The box reconstruction provided separation between the neck musculature, soft tissues from the neural tissue; prevention of cerebellar prolapse; and expansion of the posterior cranial vault. @entity1 had a mean of 12+/-1 months between initial suboccipital craniectomy and confirmation of @entity76 . Mean age at the time of posterior fossa box reconstruction was 31+/-9 years (range of 14 to 44 years). Preoperative symptoms of @entity10 (7/7, 100%), @entity1183 (5/7, 71%) or paresthesias (3/7, 43%), respiratory disturbance (2/7, 29%) and inability to walk (2/7, 29%) improved in all @entity1 postoperatively. At more than 12 month follow-up 6/7 @entity1 (86%) were both disease-free (MRI confirmation) and symptom-free. One out of seven @entity1 had return of @entity10 in a more mild form. Thus, in our @entity1 group the posterior fossa box reconstruction led to resolution of @entity76 following @entity1645 repair.

title: Posterior cranial fossa box expansion leads to resolution of @entity76 following XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity numbness']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformations', 'Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic cerebellar ptosis', 'cerebellar ptosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Th17 lymphocytes have important roles in @entity32 and @entity792 . Research on relationship between Th17 lymphocytes and @entity158 associated with @entity890 ( @entity890 ) is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of @entity158 and Th17 lymphocyte and @entity4155 levels in @entity1 with herniated and non-herniated lumbar discs. METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 with single lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (median age, 44 years), and 17 healthy adults (median age, 37 years) were enrolled. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups depending on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results and visual observations during surgery (group P, non- @entity397 , n=15; group E, @entity397 , n=19). @entity1 received posterior or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. @entity158 intensity was recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score. The percentage of Th17 lymphocytes and @entity4155 and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) levels in peripheral blood were determined. Disc tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry for Th17 and @entity4155 expression. RESULTS: Preoperative @entity227 scores were significantly higher in group E than group P (8.32  1.04 vs. 6.33  2.68, respectively, p=0.009). Similarly, @entity1421 level was greater in group E than group P (3.75  1.41pg/ml vs. 2.63  0.89pg/ml, respectively, p=0.011). Compared to healthy controls (1.05  0.19%), the percentage of Th17 cells was significantly greater in group P (1.52  0.62%, p=0.031), and the percentage in group E (2.99  1.09%, p<0.001) was significantly greater than in group P. The @entity4155 expressions were similar. @entity227 score was positively correlated with Th17 proportion (r=0.489, p=0.003), and @entity4155 concentration (r=0.458, p=0.007). @entity1421 was also positively correlated with Th17 proportion (r=0.539, p=0.001), and @entity4155 concentration (r=0.500, p=0.003). The expression of @entity4155 was higher in the cells of group E and group P compared with normal tissue (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Immune system activation is responsible, at least in part, for the @entity158 experienced by @entity1 with @entity890 , and increased levels of Th17 lymphocytes and @entity4155 contribute to the @entity158 .

title: Th17 lymphocyte levels are higher in @entity1 with ruptured than non-ruptured lumbar discs, and are correlated with XXXX intensity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured disc']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Preoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation', 'LDH']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High serum basal tryptase (sBT) levels have been identified as a risk factor for both venom and food induced severe @entity56 . The aim of this study is to compare sBT levels in @entity1 with different severity of @entity56 (DHR)s with those of age and sex matched controls without any history of DHRs. METHOD: @entity1 between 0-18 years of age with a history of immediate-type DHRs manifested in 0 to 6 hours after the culprit-drug intake were included. Following ENDA (European Network for @entity56 ) inquiries, @entity1 were evaluated with skin and/or provocation tests to define the actual drug-hypersensitive patients. Serum BT levels were determined for both @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: Out of 345 @entity1 , 106 @entity1 (30.7%) [(58.5% male), median age (interquartile-range) 8.0 years (4.2-12.2)] were diagnosed as drug-hypersensitive. Ninety-eight controls were also included. The sBT levels of drug-hypersensitive @entity1 with and without @entity2021 and the control group were similar [2.6 (2.0-3.6) g/L vs. 2.8 (1.6-4.3) g/L vs. 2.6 (1.8-3.6) g/L, respectively, (p>0.05)]. The sBT levels of the @entity1 with sole cutaneous symptoms 2.8 (1.6-4.3) g/L, mild @entity2021 3.0 (1.9-4.9) g/L and moderate-to-severe @entity2021 2.6 (2.0-3.6) g/L were also comparable (p>0.05). The onset of DHRs [those occurring in 1 hour (n=87) or in 1 to 6 hours (n=19) after the drug intake], positive results with skin-tests with the culprit-drug or the classification of the @entity1 according to different age groups [(0-2 years), (2-6 years), (6-12 years), (12-18 years)] did not correlate with sBT levels. CONCLUSION: The sBT levels in @entity1 with @entity56 would not be a risk factor for severe systemic reactions on the contrary to @entity1 with @entity56 to food or insect venom. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Basal Serum Tryptase Is Not A Risk Factor For Immediate Type XXXX During Childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Drug Allergy', 'actual drug hypersensitivity', 'actual drug-hypersensitivity reactions', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Drug Hypersensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Filamentous fungi such as @entity11150 are well known for their exceptionally high capacity for secretion of proteins, organic acids, and secondary metabolites and they are therefore used in biotechnology as versatile microbial production platforms. However, system-wide insights into their metabolic and secretory capacities are sparse and rational strain improvement approaches are therefore limited. In order to gain a genome-wide view on the transcriptional regulation of the protein secretory pathway of A. @entity3456 , we investigated the transcriptome of A. @entity3456 when it was forced to overexpression the glaA gene (encoding glucoamylase, GlaA) and secrete GlaA to high level. RESULTS: An A. @entity3456 wild-type strain and a GlaA over-expressing strain, containing multiple copies of the glaA gene, were cultivated under @entity7969 -limited chemostat conditions (specific growth rate 0.1 h-1). Elevated glaA mRNA and extracellular GlaA levels in the over-expressing strain were accompanied by elevated transcript levels from 772 genes and lowered transcript levels from 815 genes when compared to the wild-type strain. Using GO term enrichment analysis, four higher-order categories were identified in the up-regulated gene set: i) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane translocation, ii) protein glycosylation, iii) vesicle transport, and iv) ion homeostasis. Among these, about 130 genes had predicted functions for the passage of proteins through the ER and those genes included target genes of the HacA transcription factor that mediates the unfolded protein response (UPR), e.g. bipA, clxA, prpA, tigA and pdiA. In order to identify those genes that are important for high-level secretion of proteins by A. @entity3456 , we compared the transcriptome of the GlaA overexpression strain of A. @entity3456 with six other relevant transcriptomes of A. @entity3456 . Overall, 40 genes were found to have either elevated (from 36 genes) or lowered (from 4 genes) transcript levels under all conditions that were examined, thus defining the core set of genes important for ensuring high protein traffic through the secretory pathway. CONCLUSION: We have defined the A. @entity3456 genes that respond to elevated secretion of GlaA and, furthermore, we have defined a core set of genes that appear to be involved more generally in the intensified traffic of proteins through the secretory pathway of A. @entity3456 . The consistent up-regulation of a gene encoding the @entity16374 -coenzyme A transporter suggests a possible role for transient acetylation to ensure correct folding of secreted proteins.

title: The transcriptomic fingerprint of glucoamylase over-expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

answer: @entity11150 :: (5061,Species) :: ['Aspergillus niger']


abstract: In rodents @entity750 type 7 (5-HT(7)) receptor blockade has been shown to be effective in models of @entity308 and to increase the latency to @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep and decrease @entity1319 duration. In the clinic, the @entity1319 sleep reduction observed with many antidepressants may serve as a biomarker. We report here the preclinical and clinical evaluation of a 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist, (3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1-(phenylmethyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]azepine 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate) ( @entity44643 ). In rodents, @entity44643 increased the latency to @entity1319 sleep and decreased @entity1319 duration, and this effect was maintained after repeated administration for 7 days. The compound was effective in the @entity19 tail suspension test. @entity44643 enhanced @entity750 transmission, antidepressant-like behavior, and @entity1319 sleep suppression induced by @entity837 in rodents. In healthy @entity1 volunteers @entity44643 prolonged @entity1319 latency and reduced @entity1319 sleep duration, demonstrating that the effect of @entity750 (7) blockade on @entity1319 sleep translated from rodents to @entity1 . Like in @entity35 , @entity44643 enhanced @entity1319 sleep suppression induced by @entity837 in @entity1 , although a drug-drug interaction could not be ruled out. In a double-blind, active, and placebo-controlled clinical trial in 225 @entity1 suffering from major @entity308 , neither treatment with pharmacologically active doses of @entity44643 or @entity837 separated from placebo, indicating a failed study lacking assay sensitivity. Post hoc analyses using an enrichment window strategy, where all the efficacy data from sites with an implausible high placebo response [placebo group Montgomery-   sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) < = 12] and from sites with no placebo response (MADRS > = 28) are removed, there was a clinically meaningful difference between @entity44643 and placebo. Further clinical studies are required to characterize the potential antidepressant efficacy of @entity44643 .

title: Translational evaluation of XXXX , a 5- @entity750 type 7 receptor antagonist, on rapid eye movement sleep and in major @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid eye movement']

answer: @entity44643 :: (MESH:C576951,Chemical) :: ['JNJ-18038683']