abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1286 tolerance is a common drawback of chronic @entity1286 exposure, hindering use of this drug. Studies have shown that @entity6164   may play a key role in the development of @entity1286 tolerance, although the mechanisms are not fully known. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a @entity35 model of @entity1286 tolerance, @entity6164   knockdown in the spinal cord was successfully carried out using RNA interference (RNAi) with lentiviral vector-mediated short hairpin RNA of @entity6164   (LV-shPKC  ). Spinal cords (L4-L5) were obtained surgically from @entity1286 -tolerant (MT) @entity35 with and without @entity6164   knockdown, for comparative proteomic analysis. Total proteins from the spinal cords (L4-L5) were extracted and separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE); 2D gel images were analyzed with PDQuest software. Seven differential gel-spots were observed with increased spot volume, and 18 spots observed with decreased spot volume. Among these, 13 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), comparing between MT @entity35 with and without @entity6164   knockdown. The DEPs identified have roles in the cytoskeleton, as neurotrophic factors, in oxidative stress, in ion metabolism, in cell signaling, and as chaperones. Three DEPs ( @entity40 , FSCN and @entity10157 ) were validated with Western blot analysis, confirming the DEP data. Furthermore, using immunohistochemical analysis, we reveal for the first time that FSCN is involved in the development of @entity1286 tolerance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These data cast light on the proteins associated with the @entity6164   activity during @entity1286 tolerance, and hence may contribute to clarification of the mechanisms by which @entity6164   influences MT.

title: Proteomic analysis of PKCy-related proteins in the spinal cord of XXXX -tolerant @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Evan's calcaneal lengthening osteotomy is a treatment method for @entity508 in @entity1 with @entity306 that fail nonoperative measures. Autograft and allograft have been reported as potential graft choices. @entity291 xenograft has been introduced as an alternative, but limited @entity1 data exists supporting its efficacy. This study compares the long-term results of allograft versus xenograft in isolated Evan's procedure performed for correction of flexible @entity508 . METHODS: This retrospective study accessed charts of 4- to 18-year-olds diagnosed with @entity306 who received an Evan's procedure. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic measurements (lateral calcaneal pitch, lateral talocalcaneal, lateral talo-first metatarsal, anteroposterior talonavicular coverage, anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal), graft incorporation, recurrence, secondary procedures, and complications were recorded and analyzed between graft types. RESULTS: Sixty-three feet (34 allograft and 29 xenograft) in 36 @entity1 (mean age 9.3 y) were included. Gross Motor Function Classification System between groups was significant (P=0.001). Mean time for preoperative x- @entity16039 was 5.3 months before day of surgery (DOS) for allograft and 3.6 months for xenograft. Mean time of first and last postoperative x- @entity16039 for allograft was 3.6 and 39.5 months, respectively; for xenograft, 1.8 and 35.1 months, respectively. There was a significant difference in timing of preoperative x- @entity16039 to DOS and DOS to first postoperative x- @entity16039 (P=0.012, 0.006, respectively). Radiographically, xenograft retained postoperative improvement better than allograft, yet allograft had a higher grade 4 incorporation rate (P=0.036). The allograft group experienced significantly more cast pressure @entity1066 (P=0.006), but no other differences in complications between groups, and no @entity281 were reported in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Allograft incorporated better than xenograft, likely with a greater potential to reach grade 5 incorporation, yet both groups retained postoperative improvement. Results indicate both grafts are appropriate; yet incorporation rate could affect correction maintenance, and should be considered during graft selection for Evan's procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: This study presents clinical results using a novel bone graft material. Level III-retrospective comparative study.

title: Comparison of Allograft and XXXX Xenograft in Calcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy for Flatfoot Deformity in @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic flatfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16244 ( @entity16244 ) is known to impact on quality of life (QoL) of the sufferer, but little research has focused on all family members. We therefore sought to establish the impact of @entity16244 on QoL and reported @entity148 of @entity1 with clinically confirmed @entity16244 , their parents and older siblings. METHODS: Forty-six families, who had a @entity1 with @entity16244 , completed QoL (PedsQL or WHOQOL-BREF), @entity148 (SCAS or STAI) and perceived stress (PSS) scales. @entity16244 @entity1 completed a @entity16244 specific QoL questionnaire (Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003;14:378). Parents and sibling also completed QoL proxy questionnaires for the @entity16244 @entity1 (PedsQL, Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003;14:378). RESULTS: Mothers rated their own psychological (P < 0.01) and physical (P < 0.05) QoL significantly worse than fathers rated theirs, and had higher scores than fathers for @entity148 (P < 0.05) and stress (P < 0.001). @entity1 with @entity16244 had significantly poorer physical health-related QoL (P < 0.05), QoL within school (P < 0.01) and general QoL (P < 0.05) than their siblings did, and greater separation @entity148 (P < 0.05). The majority of differences were between @entity1 with @entity16244 and female siblings. Mothers felt that there was a greater impact on QoL for their @entity16244 @entity1 , compared with that reported by siblings, fathers or the @entity16244 @entity1 themselves (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Mothers report that they have significantly poorer QoL and suffer more @entity148 and stress than fathers do; this inter-parental difference may be an important feature of family stress caused by @entity16244 . Siblings have a similar view of how QoL affects the @entity16244 @entity1 as the @entity16244 @entity1 does, while mothers may possibly overestimate this impact.

title: Impact of peanut allergy on quality of life, stress and XXXX in the family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity16244 :: ('MESH:D021183', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'Peanut allergy']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differences in electrical properties between left and right atria (LA and @entity309 ) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) are currently poorly understood. Magnetocardiograms were used to investigate the effect of PVI on bi-atrial magnetic field changes and their relationship to clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included 71 @entity1 undergoing PVI for paroxysmal @entity955 . Magnetocardiograms were recorded at baseline and 1 day, 8 weeks, and 24 weeks after ablation. Peak magnitude of LA and @entity309 segments on P waves was separately compared before and after PVI. During a 16-month post-ablation period, 53 (75%) @entity1 were free from @entity955 recurrences. LA magnetic strength in @entity1 without recurrence persistently decreased for 24 weeks and was significantly lower at 8 weeks than that in @entity1 with recurrence (1.28  0.69 vs. 1.74  0.71 pico-Tesla, P=0.02). @entity309 magnetic strength in @entity1 with recurrence persistently rose for 24 weeks and was significantly higher at 8 weeks than that in @entity1 without recurrence (2.17  0.82 vs. 3.00  1.12 pico-Tesla, P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed @entity309 magnetic strength at 8 weeks to be the strongest predictor of @entity955 recurrence (odds ratio=3.335; 95% confidence interval=1.181-9.416; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: PVI resulted in distinct changes in magnetic strength in both the LA and the @entity309 . A persistent rise in @entity309 magnetic strength might be a robust predictor of @entity955 recurrence after ablation.

title: An increase in right atrial magnetic strength is a novel predictor of recurrence of XXXX after radiofrequency catheter ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1 who survive partial hepatectomy sometimes have unsatisfactory @entity409 and restoration of liver function. Although the extent of resection should be adjusted to attain favorable @entity409 and restoration of liver function, a guiding principle for this has not been established. METHODOLOGY: Seventy @entity1 with @entity99 associated with @entity409 of various severity who underwent hepatectomy were studied. We calculated the removal rate of the liver and the regeneration rate of the remnant liver using computed tomography. The liver function was investigated using ICG R-15 (retention rate of @entity3194 ). @entity409 was classified into 4 groups, according to the severity of @entity82 . RESULTS: The regeneration rates of the remnant liver indicated a significant decline in @entity1 with severe @entity82 . In the no @entity82 and mild @entity82 groups, an increased removal rate was associated with increased regeneration rate, and post-operative ICG R-15 improved with time. However, in the moderate @entity82 and severe @entity82 groups, an increased removal rate was not associated with increased regeneration rate, and post-operative ICG R-15 showed no change or became worse with time. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity1575 is associated with poorer regeneration of the remnant liver leading to poor restoration of post-operative liver function. The severity of @entity82 is useful as a predictive factor for @entity409 and restoration of liver function after partial hepatectomy.

title: XXXX and restoration of liver function after partial hepatectomy: the relation of @entity1575 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disorders', 'Liver disorder', 'liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis of the liver parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver regeneration']


abstract: Detailed knowledge of the pathophysiology as well as the dynamic nature of coronary @entity715 formation provides a valuable tool for correct management and proper adjunctive therapy in @entity1 with @entity1187 . @entity1186 is in the majority of cases caused by disruption or fissuring of an @entity731 . At the lesion thrombogenic material will be exposed to the flowing blood leading to activation of platelets and the formation of a platelet clot. Simultaneously, the coagulation system is activated resulting in increased @entity556 formation. @entity556 is a key mediator in arterial @entity715 , due to its effect on both platelets and fibrin generation. @entity556 contributes to the stabilization of an initially loose platelet clot by generating cross-bound fibrin within the @entity715 . During the course of an @entity1187 , the @entity1 presents changing @entity662 and dynamic ischaemic ECG findings. This is likely to be related to the dynamic nature of the pathophysiology. The presence of a non-occlusive coronary @entity715 may deprive the myocardium its normal blood flow and @entity26 supply, leading to @entity158 . During @entity887 , blood supply may be restored, but the presence of @entity715 fragments in the microcirculation holds the potential to sustained interference with myocardial metabolism. The emboli contain activated platelets which release vasoconstrictors that may compromise the microcirculation. Recurrent @entity715 formation at the lesion site may result in occlusion of the artery adding to the dynamic nature of the clinical presentation. In conclusion, platelets, the coagulation system, and the endothelium cause a dynamic process of intermittent occlusion, @entity2553 and embolization of @entity715 material.

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['lysis or embolization']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic pain']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1186 :: (MESH:D003328,Disease) :: ['coronary thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Field studies of illicit anabolic-androgenic @entity134 users suggest that some develop @entity162 or @entity146 reactions to these drugs-a potential public health problem. However, controlled laboratory evaluations of these effects remain limited. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we administered @entity11335 for 6 weeks in doses rising to 600 mg/wk and placebo for 6 weeks, separated by 6 weeks of no treatment, to 56 @entity1 aged 20 to 50 years. Psychiatric outcome measures included the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (a computerized provocation test of aggression), the Aggression Questionnaire of Buss and Perry, the Symptom Checklist-90-R, daily diaries of @entity162 and @entity308 , and similar weekly diaries completed by a "significant other" who knew the @entity1 well. RESULTS: @entity251 treatment significantly increased @entity162 scores on the YMRS (P = .002), @entity162 scores on daily diaries (P = .003), visual analog ratings of liking the drug effect (P = .008), and @entity146 responses on the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (P = .03). Drug response was highly variable: of 50 @entity1 who received 600 mg/wk of @entity11335 , 42 (84%) exhibited minimal @entity146 effects (maximum YMRS score, <10), 6 (12%) became mildly hypomanic (YMRS score, 10-19), and 2 (4%) became markedly hypomanic (YMRS score, > or =20). The 8 "responders" and 42 "nonresponders" did not differ significantly on baseline demographic, psychological, laboratory, or physiological measures. CONCLUSIONS: @entity251 administration, 600 mg/wk increased ratings of @entity162 in normal @entity1 . This effect, however, was not uniform across individuals; most showed little psychological change, whereas a few developed prominent effects. The mechanism of these variable reactions remains unclear.

title: Effects of supraphysiologic doses of @entity251 on mood and aggression in normal XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'manic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity11335 :: ('MESH:C016131', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone cypionate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Reduction of maternal mortality is a target within the Millennium Development Goals. Data on the incidence of @entity1468 and @entity3036 , one of the main causes of maternal @entity204 , are required at both national and regional levels to inform policies. We conducted a systematic review of the incidence of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) with the objective of evaluating its magnitude globally and in different regions and settings. We selected studies using pre-specified criteria, recorded database characteristics and assessed methodological quality of the eligible studies reporting incidence of any @entity101 during the period 2002-2010. A logistic model was then developed to estimate the global and regional incidence of @entity101 using pre-specified predictor variables where empiric data were not available. We found 129 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, from which 74 reports with 78 datasets reporting @entity101 were analysed. This represents nearly 39 million @entity1 from 40 countries. When the model was applied, the overall estimates are 4.6% (95% uncertainty range 2.7-8.2), and 1.4% (95% uncertainty range 1.0-2.0) of all deliveries for @entity1468 and @entity3036 respectively, with a wide variation across regions. The figures we obtained give a general idea of the magnitude of the problem and suggest that some regional variations might exist. The absence of data in many countries is of concern, however, and efforts should be made to implement data collection and reporting for substantial statistics. The implementation of large scale surveys conducted during a short period of time could provide more reliable and up-to-date estimations to inform policy.

title: Global and regional estimates of @entity1468 and XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disorders of pregnancy', 'HDP']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate sex differences in @entity32 and its effects upon articular cartilage and to assess the potential role of sex @entity230 in the process. METHODS: The @entity2708 -pellet cartilage implant model was used with male and female @entity19 in the presence and absence of gonadectomy and hormone replacement. The effects of granulomatous tissue upon articular cartilage was assessed and tissue content of @entity5003 ) was determined. The expression of sex hormone receptors in inflammatory tissue was investigated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Female @entity19 showed a higher ability than males to degrade cartilage irrespective of the sex of the cartilage implanted. Gonadectomy resulted in a significant acceleration of @entity16 in both sexes, which was reverted by @entity172 replacement in females and @entity342 replacement in males. Female granulomata had significantly higher @entity5003 content than those from males. Gonadectomy was associated with an increased @entity5003 content in males but not in females, the effects being abolished by @entity342 replacement in males. @entity172 and @entity342 receptors were identified in inflammatory cells from the granulomatous tissue. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that sex hormones affect @entity32 induced cartilage degradation in male and female @entity19 probably through the modulation of cytokine production and release in the granulomatous tissue. Further investigation on the effects of sex @entity230 in @entity32 induced cartilage degradation may help elucidate their pathogenic role and therapeutic potential in @entity1 disease.

title: Sex differences in @entity32 induced XXXX in rodents. The influence of sex @entity230 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['cartilage damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrence of the sacrococcygeal @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) can significantly be reduced by invasive local excision of all the abscess, sinuses, and scars which often result in large defects on this region. Although a number of surgical procedures have been described, closure of large sacrococcygeal defects resulting from excision of extensive @entity1751 still remains a challenge. PURPOSE: Here, we present the use of triangular closure technique as a new alternative in surgical treatment of extensive @entity1751 of sacrococcygeal region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For more than 4 years, triangular closure technique has been used for skin coverage of the large sacrococcygeal defects resulting from excision of the @entity1751 in 16 @entity1 (12 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ) aged between 18 and 52. The size of the defects range from 10 to 25 cm in the greatest dimension. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , a successful tension-free closure of the defect was obtained. Except for 2 @entity1 who had tip @entity39 , all @entity1 healed uneventfully. There was no @entity1 with @entity281 and wound dehiscence. A mean follow-up for 36 months (6 months-5 years) revealed no recurrence and an aesthetically acceptable scar formation in all @entity1 . No @entity1 required additional surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Triangular closure technique enables the surgeon to achieve a tension-free defect closure of remarkably large sacrococcygeal defects resulting from surgical excision of extensive @entity1751 . Using 2 well-vascularized fasciocutaneous flaps, it provides a durable coverage and soft tissue padding over sacrococcygeal and gluteal region with good cosmesis. With these advantages, triangular closure technique seems to be a useful, 1-stage, and safe reconstructive alternative for the closure of these challenging defects.

title: Surgical treatment of extensive sacrococcygeal XXXX with triangular closure technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenitis suppurativa', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1751 :: (MESH:D017497,Disease) :: ['hidradenitis suppurativa']


abstract: A small population of T-cells does not express the conventional @entity6057 ( @entity6057 ), characterized by the alpha and beta polypeptide chains (alpha/beta @entity6057 ) but two polypeptides termed gamma and delta (gamma/delta @entity6057 ). Changes in gamma/delta @entity6057 expression may be relevant as the cause or consequence of several diseases. Our study was undertaken to determine and compare the distribution of T-cells expressing gamma/delta @entity6057 in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of @entity1 with @entity370 , @entity56 ( @entity56 ), @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ), and of healthy controls. In addition, the association between gamma/delta @entity6057 of blood T-lymphocytes and accessory molecules was analysed. Using direct immunofluorescence with the anti-gamma/delta @entity6057 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) followed by flow cytometric analysis, the blood of @entity1 with @entity10070 , @entity56 , @entity2416 and of healthy controls was analysed. To reveal the association between gamma/delta @entity6057 of blood T-lymphocytes and the accessory molecules, expression of @entity404 , @entity405 and @entity2902 were determined. Calculating the percentage and the total number of @entity16997 @entity6057 cells in blood, the data indicated a significant increase of gamma/delta T-cells in individuals with @entity10070 and @entity56 , compared to healthy controls and @entity2416 @entity1 . In @entity370 @entity1 with elevated @entity16997 @entity6057 levels, significantly lower @entity404 / @entity405 ratios were observed. In addition, our data demonstrate a correlation between the decrease of @entity404 + cells in blood and the amplified appearance of gamma/delta @entity6057 expression in @entity370 @entity1 , but not in @entity56 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased gamma/delta-positive T-cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage of @entity1 with XXXX and @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: AIM: To assess past suicide attempts in a cohort of adults with @entity2175 diagnosed within the prior 24 months. METHODS: Outpatients were recruited from @entity6 education classes or @entity6 shared medical appointment. @entity1 aged 18 or over with a self-reported diagnosis of @entity2175 (T2DM) in the prior 24 months completed questionnaires about medical (including @entity6 ), @entity146 , and social history. @entity1 also completed two screening questionnaires for @entity308 : @entity1 Health Questionnaire 9 and the Questionnaire Inventory for Depressive Symptoms-Self Report. Those who screened positive for @entity308 had confirmatory testing with a clinician administered Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (DSM-IV) checklist. RESULTS: In this convenience sample of 145 @entity1 with @entity2175 , 9.7% of @entity1 had history of a suicide attempt and 38.2% met diagnosis for @entity308 ( @entity308 ). @entity1 with @entity308 were more likely to have a history of suicide attempts than those without @entity308 (p=0.0002). Of the @entity1 with prior suicide attempts, 50% screened positive for @entity308 at the time of the survey. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with newly-diagnosed @entity2175 the rate of past suicide attempts was nearly 10%, which is twice the rate seen in the general population. The rate of past suicide attempts in currently @entity308 @entity1 with @entity6 is 21.8%. These findings suggest the need for monitoring @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity308 for future suicide risk.

title: Brief report: XXXX and history of suicide attempts in adults with new-onset @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Mental Disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity5 is the most prevalent @entity5 in developing countries and the second most frequent @entity5 among females worldwide. Specific @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPVs) and, most notably, HPV types 16 and 18 are recognized as being causally associated with this malignancy. Antibodies against early HPV proteins E6 and E7 have been found more often in @entity1 with @entity5 than in controls. Existing peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of anti-E6 and anti-E7 antibodies in @entity1 sera have low levels of sensitivity and specificity and thus are not suitable for use as diagnostic tools. Based on highly purified recombinant native proteins, we developed four sandwich ELISAs for the detection of antibodies against @entity1692 and 18 E6 and E7 proteins. We demonstrate their sensitivities and high degrees of specificity for @entity5 . Among a total of 501 serum specimens from unselected @entity1 with @entity3 , 52.9% reacted positively in at least one of the four assays. In contrast, among 244 serum specimens from control subjects without @entity5 , only 2 reactive serum specimens (0.8%) were found. For 19 of 19 antibody-positive @entity1 , the HPV type indicated by seroreactivity was identical to the HPV DNA type found in the @entity5 , which also indicates a high degree of specificity for antibody detection with respect to HPV type. In a direct comparison of 72 serum specimens from @entity1 with @entity5 , 56% of the specimens reacted in at least one of the four protein ELISAs, whereas 40% reacted in at least one of seven peptide ELISAs covering the four antigens. These assays could be of value for the detection of @entity3 in settings in which cytology-based early @entity5 screening is not available, for the clinical management of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 , and for the immunological monitoring of E6 and E7 vaccination trials.

title: Antibodies against early proteins of @entity1 papillomaviruses as diagnostic markers for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cervical cancer']


abstract: 23 @entity1 , with advanced @entity1697 , radically unresectable or relapsing after surgery and/or radiotherapy, were treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen, including @entity1487 1000 mg/m2 and @entity900 20 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. @entity6247 was administered at the dose of 15.000 IU b.i.d. in chemotherapy intervals. In complete or partial responders, radiotherapy was planned on @entity5 . Chemotherapy treatment was well tolerated with G3 haematological @entity137 in 30% of @entity1 and G2 @entity344 in 20% of @entity1 . Seven @entity1 (31.8%) had a complete response (CR), 7 @entity1 had a partial response (PR) (31.8%), stable disease was observed in 3 @entity1 (SD) (13.7), while 5 @entity1 progressed (PD) (22.7%). Median time to treatment failure was 5.6 months. Median survival, from start of chemotherapy, was 8 months 237 days (range 8 days-4 years). 12 @entity1 received consolidation chemotherapy on the primary disease site. No @entity1 developed a second @entity5 . A combined approach, in the treatment of @entity1697 , may give prolonged responses, with acceptable @entity137 , without interfering on the quality of life.

title: [ @entity1487 , XXXX and @entity6247 in the management of advanced @entity5 of the oral cavity. Phase II study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6247 :: ('MESH:C014794', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinol palmitate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-platinum']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Surveillance by repeated colonoscopy is currently recommended for @entity1 with @entity2513 . We assessed the long-term risk of @entity14 after rigid-instrument sigmoidoscopy and polypectomy in 1618 @entity1 with @entity652 ( @entity188 or distal sigmoid colon) who did not undergo surveillance. A total of 22,462 @entity1 -years of observation were accrued (mean, 14 years per @entity1 ). RESULTS: The incidence of subsequent @entity5 in these @entity1 was similar to that in the general population (standardized incidence ratio, 1.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.1). Most @entity5 developed in @entity1 whose @entity652 had been inadequately removed; the risk was very low after complete removal. The risk of subsequent @entity694 depended on the histologic type, size, and number of @entity652 in the rectosigmoid. Among 842 @entity1 with a rectosigmoid @entity652 that was tubulovillous, villous, or large (greater than or equal to 1 cm), @entity694 developed in 31 @entity1 . The standardized incidence ratio was 3.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 5.0) overall and 6.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 3.3 to 11.8) if there were multiple @entity652 . Among the remaining 776 @entity1 with only small, tubular @entity652 (whether single or multiple), @entity694 developed in only 4 @entity1 . The standardized incidence ratio in this group was 0.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.1 to 1.3). CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up colonoscopic examinations may be warranted in @entity1 with tubulovillous, villous, or large @entity652 in the rectosigmoid, particularly if the @entity652 are also multiple. In @entity1 with only a single, small tubular @entity652 that is only mildly or moderately @entity6349 (43 percent of our series), however, surveillance may not be of value because the risk of @entity5 is so low.

title: Long-term risk of @entity14 after excision of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'rectal cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['tumor of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'rectosigmoid adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['rectosigmoid adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) increases the risk of @entity14 . Probiotic bacteria produce immunoregulatory metabolites in vitro such as conjugated @entity4722 ( @entity13357 ), a @entity5204 with potent anti-carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the efficacy of probiotic bacteria in @entity19 models of @entity5 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The immune modulatory mechanisms of VSL#3 probiotic bacteria and @entity13357 were investigated in @entity19 models of @entity32 -driven @entity14 . Colonic specimens were collected for histopathology, gene expression and flow cytometry analyses. Immune cell subsets in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen and colonic lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were phenotypically and functionally characterized. @entity19 treated with @entity13357 or VSL#3 recovered faster from the acute inflammatory phase of disease and had lower disease severity in the chronic, tumor-bearing phase of disease. @entity652 and @entity420 formation was also diminished by both treatments. VSL#3 increased the mRNA expression of @entity637 , @entity43312 and @entity3229 y whereas @entity13357 decreased @entity10178 levels. Moreover, VSL#3-treated @entity19 had increased @entity636 expression in MLN CD4+ T cells and accumulation of Treg LPL and memory CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Both @entity13357 and VSL#3 suppressed colon carcinogenesis, although VSL#3 showed greater anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities than @entity13357 . Mechanistically, @entity13357 modulated expression of @entity10178 levels in the colonic mucosa, whereas VSL#3 targeted regulatory mucosal CD4+ T cell responses.

title: Immunoregulatory mechanisms underlying prevention of colitis-associated XXXX by probiotic bacteria.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine some functions of neutrophil in @entity1 affected by @entity5144 and to compare them to those of @entity1 affected by cutaneous @entity1569 and to normal controls. We used a model of experimental cutaneous @entity32 allowing to separate a cluster of purified and viable PMN cells. Then we analyzed, within the three groups, the @entity687 concentration in serum and in the supernatant obtained from the inflammatory site to gather data on the possible pathogenic role played by this cytokine in @entity5144 . We studied neutrophil functions in @entity1 with cutaneous @entity1569 and @entity5144 , in acute phase, in comparison with healthy control subjects. We investigated in vivo neutrophil migration by Senn's skin window technique and measured adhesion assay and @entity224 production in circulating and migrating neutrophils after different stimuli. We also measured @entity687 concentration in serum and in the supernatant obtained from the inflammatory site, artificially created through the skin window scrape. Neutrophil migration in vivo was significantly higher in both groups of @entity1 than in controls. In the presence of @entity5038 , blood cells showed a burst of @entity224 release, which was significantly more pronounced in @entity1 when compared to healthy controls. Neutrophils from skin window scrape showed a much higher response to @entity5038 as compared to blood cells of all subject groups, but no differences were observed between @entity1 and controls. No correlation was found between the three groups in adhesion ability under basal condition or in response to different stimuli by circulating and migrating neutrophils. Our results also show a great increase of @entity687 in the exudate from @entity1 compared to controls. Our study shows that there is no difference in neutrophil functions between @entity1 with @entity5144 and cutaneous @entity1569 ; moreover we suggest that the source of high @entity687 levels are neutrophils rather than the keratinocytes.

title: Neutrophil functions and XXXX in @entity5144 and in cutaneous @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: Objective. @entity751 ( @entity751 ) is defined as concomitant occurrence of autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ). Malignancy in a functional nodule is rare. We aimed to present an extremely rare case of @entity3557 in a @entity751 nodule with lateral lymph node @entity3 . Case. A 43-year-old male presented with @entity1378 and Graves' @entity6875 . On Tc99m pertechnetate scintigraphy, a hyperactive nodule in the left upper thyroid pole was detected and the remaining tissue showed a mildly increased uptake. The ultrasonography demonstrated 15.5 * 13.5 * 12   mm sized hypoechoic nodule in the left upper pole of the thyroid and round lymph nodes on the left side of the neck. @entity400 ( @entity400 ) of the nodule and lymph node revealed cytological findings consistent with @entity5 . Total thyroidectomy with central and left modified radical neck dissection was performed. On pathologic examination, two foci of @entity5 were detected. The skip @entity3 were present in three lymph nodes on the neck. Conclusion. AFTN can be seen rarely in association with @entity2743 . It is not possible to exclude @entity5 due to the clinical and imaging findings. In the presence of suspicious clinical and sonographic features, @entity400 should be performed.

title: A Rare Presentation of Autonomously Functioning XXXX : Malignancy in @entity751 Nodule.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['micropapillary cancer', 'papillary cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Fine needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Marine-Lenhart Syndrome', 'MLS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: @entity7318 and prolactin are important growth factors for pancreatic beta-cells. The effects exerted by these hormones on proliferation and on insulin synthesis and secretion in beta-cells are largely mediated through the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Suppressors of cytokine signaling ( @entity14379 ) proteins are specific inhibitors of the JAK/STAT pathway acting through a negative-feedback loop. To investigate in vivo effects of @entity26102 in @entity7318 ( @entity7318 )/prolactin signaling in beta-cells we generated @entity19 with beta-cell-specific overexpression of @entity26102 . The relative beta-cell proliferation and volume in the @entity19 were measured by morphometry. Beta-cell volume of transgenic female @entity19 was reduced by over 30% compared with beta-cell volume in wild-type female @entity19 . Stimulation of transgenic islets in vitro with @entity7318 showed a reduced @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity23117 when compared with wild-type islets. Transduction of primary islet cultures with adenoviruses expressing various @entity14379 proteins followed by stimulation with @entity7318 or @entity20647 ( @entity20647 ) revealed that @entity26102 inhibited @entity7318 - but not @entity20647 -mediated islet cell proliferation, indicating that the decreased beta-cell volume observed in female @entity19 could be caused by an inhibition of @entity7318 -induced beta-cell proliferation by @entity26102 . In spite of the reduced beta-cell volume the transgenic female @entity19 exhibited enhanced @entity413 tolerance compared with wild-type littermates following an oral @entity413 -tolerance test. Together these data suggest that @entity26102 modulates cytokine signaling in pancreatic beta-cells and therefore potentially could be a candidate target for development of new treatment strategies for @entity6 .

title: Regulation of pancreatic beta-cell mass and proliferation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity7318 :: ('14599(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'GH', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity26102 :: (12702(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['SOCS-3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the overall health effects of adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ), developed at the US Department of Agriculture, measures how well Americans' diets conform to these guidelines. OBJECTIVE: We tested whether the @entity1277 (scores range from 0 to 100; 100 is best) calculated from food-frequency questionnaires ( @entity1277 -f) would predict risk of major @entity102 in @entity1 . DESIGN: A total of 67272 US female nurses who were free of @entity66 completed detailed questionnaires on diet and @entity102 risk factors in 1984 and repeatedly over 12 y. Major @entity102 was defined as fatal or nonfatal @entity65 ( @entity583 or @entity64 , n = 1365), fatal or nonfatal @entity5 (n = 5216), or other nontraumatic deaths (n = 496), whichever came first. We also examined @entity65 and @entity5 as separate outcomes. RESULTS: After adjustment for smoking and other risk factors, the @entity1277 -f score was not associated with risk of overall major @entity102 in @entity1 [relative risk (RR) = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.06 comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of @entity1277 -f score]. Being in the highest @entity1277 -f quintile was associated with a 14% reduction in @entity65 risk (RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.72, 1. 03) and was not associated with lower @entity5 risk (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.12). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that adherence to the 1995 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, as measured by the @entity1277 -f, will have limited benefit in preventing major @entity102 in @entity1 .

title: Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and risk of major @entity102 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['major disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['healthy eating index', 'HEI']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of low-dose oral @entity1500 in a group of @entity1 with @entity2835 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen female with a mean age of 51.16 yrs were included in the present study. Criteria for entry into the trial were elevated serum @entity623 activity, liver biopsy findings diagnostic of or compatible with @entity2835 , and a positive result for serum mitochondrial antibodies with a title > 1/80. Pts. In cirrhotic stage or @entity1087 were excluded. Ten pts were symptomatic. @entity111 and @entity1295 were present in 10 pts. At. Inclusion, 7 (43.75%) presented with histological stage 1.6 (37.5%) stage II and 3 (18.75%) stage III (Scheuer). Control liver biopsy was performed on admission and were repeated at 2 years. All pts were treated with @entity1500 15 mg/wk given orally in three divided doses over 24 hours during 2 years. For statistical the Kruskal Wallis test was used. RESULTS: Fourteen pts completed 2 years of therapy. Two withdraw from treatment, 1 did so at month 2 due to the worsening of hepatocellular function and development of intense @entity1295 associated with an elevation of ALT to 30 times over the normal levels and another at month 4 because of @entity401 . @entity111 resolved in 5 of the 10 symptomatic @entity1 . All asymptomatic @entity1 remained so during the trial. At the end of the study period, a decline in the following laboratory parameters were observed: @entity623 ( @entity623 ), from 123 +/- 66 IU/L to 63 +/- 42 IU/L (p = 0.0064); gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), from 197.3 +/- 121.5 IU/L to 137.2 +/- 56.9 IU/L (p = 0.3352); AST from 47.4 +/- 33 IU/L to 19 +/- 12.4 IU/L (p = 0.0899) and ALT from 54.6 +/- 35 IU/L to 21.12 +/- 5.5 IU/L (p = 0.0771). Liver histology status at the end of @entity1500 therapy improved from baseline in only 3 (18.7%) @entity1 and progression was observed in 8 (50%), to @entity82 in 4, 3 of them with stage I and another with stage II at the begin of the trial. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the introduction of @entity1500 as monotherapy in the treatment of @entity2835 . The rapid advance off the disease in some @entity1 during the treatment observed in this cohort of pts merits a word of caution.

title: Methotrexate therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'Alkaline phosphatase', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: The risk of having an offspring with neural tube defect is negatively correlated with early pregnancy maternal @entity1501 levels. Thalassaemia carriers often have subnormal @entity1501 levels. We postulate that their offspring may be at increased risk of having neural tube defect. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1961 Chinese @entity1 referred to a tertiary centre for prenatal diagnosis between January 1997 and August 1998. @entity1 with a mean corpuscular volume greater than 80 fl were assumed not to be @entity2314 -1 or @entity5357 heterozygotes. alpha- and @entity5357 heterozygotes were diagnosed by haemoglobin studies. Of the 1961 @entity1 studied, pregnancy outcome was not available in 20 and thalassaemia screening was not available in 109 and these were excluded from the final analysis. Two-hundred-and-six @entity1 were @entity2314 -1 heterozygotes, 102 @entity1 were @entity5357 heterozygotes and one @entity1 had @entity66 . Three @entity2314 carriers and one @entity5357 carrier had a pregnancy affected by @entity10413 (odds=1:76). In the 1523 non-carriers, five pregnancies were affected by @entity3570 (odds=1:304). The odds ratio (95 per cent confidence interval) for @entity601 in the alpha- and @entity5357 carriers was 3.99 (1.07 to 14.94; p<0.05, Chi-square test). Because of the small number of affected pregnancies studied, the finding needs to be substantiated by a larger series. If the increased risk is genuine, @entity1 need to be screened for thalassaemia before conception and the thalassaemia carriers should be given periconceptional @entity1501 supplement to reduce the occurrence of @entity601 .

title: Risk of XXXX in the offspring of thalassaemia carriers in Hong Kong Chinese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HbE disease']

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['anencephaly']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassaemia']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-thalassaemia']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neural tube defects']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['neural tube defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the associations between specific @entity5 and occupational exposure to @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ), asbestos, electromagnetic fields, and heat in a cohort of workers from a Norwegian @entity3775 smelter. METHODS: Cancer incidence between 1953 and 1993 was observed for 2647 male short-term workers and 2 cohorts of @entity1 with at least 4 years' employment (2888 production workers and 373 maintenance workers). Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated from the national male @entity5 incidence, and associations with cumulative exposure were investigated by stratified analysis. Cumulative exposure in 15-year time windows was used as an alternative dose indicator. RESULTS: Investigation of the a priori hypotheses in the production cohort revealed a positive association between @entity150 and @entity2556 exposure 30 years or more before observation. The results also suggested an association between @entity2556 and @entity788 , although not statistically significant. No association was seen between exposure to @entity2556 and @entity5 of the lungs or between magnetic field exposure and lymphatic and @entity5 . In the maintenance cohort there was a positive association between employment as an electrician and lymphatic and @entity5 and a statistically nonsignificant association between @entity2556 and @entity2 . The short-term workers showed a statistically significant @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The results support previous findings of an association between exposure to @entity2556 and @entity150 .

title: Occupational exposure and XXXX incidence among workers from an @entity3775 smelter in western Norway.

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['excess of lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of oral @entity2778 were evaluated in 481 @entity1 with drug-refractory sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in an open-label multicenter study. After drug-free baseline evaluations, therapy was initiated at 80 mg every 12 hours, with upward dose titrations of 160 mg/day being allowed at intervals of 72 hours to a maximum dose of 480 mg every 12 hours. Efficacy determinations were made by either programmed electrical stimulation (PES) or Holter monitoring responses. Of the 481 @entity1 enrolled, 473 underwent acute-phase titration. Of the 269 @entity1 assessable by PES, 94 (34.9%) exhibited complete response (suppression of inducible @entity1165 ), with an additional 67 @entity1 (24.9%) exhibiting partial response. Of the 109 @entity1 assessable by Holter monitoring, 43 (39.4%) exhibited a complete response. There were no significant differences between responders and nonresponders with regard to left ventricular ejection fraction. Although response rates tended to improve as the @entity2778 dose was increased to 640 mg/day, efficacy was most commonly achieved at a @entity2778 dose of 320 mg/day. @entity2778 was discontinued because of adverse effects in 42 (8.9%) of the acute-phase @entity1 . The most common adverse effect was proarrhythmia, which was observed in 23 @entity1 (4.9%). Proarrhythmia took the form of @entity1166 in 12 @entity1 and an increase in @entity1165 episodes in 11. In 3 acute-phase @entity1 (0.6%), @entity2778 was discontinued because of the emergence of @entity712 . A total of 286 @entity1 entered the long-term phase. Life-table estimates of the proportion of @entity1 who remained free of recurrence of @entity943 at 12, 18, and 27 months were 0.76, 0.72, and 0.66, respectively. There were no significant differences in time to recurrence of @entity943 as related to PES response, Holter monitor response, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction, or history of @entity712 . Among the 70 @entity1 (24.5%) in whom there was recurrence of @entity943 , @entity944 occurred in 17 and sustained @entity1165 in 41. @entity2778 was discontinued owing to presumed adverse effects in 21 (7.3%) of the long-term @entity1 , including 8 with proarrhythmia; proarrhythmia consisted of @entity1166 in 3 @entity1 and increased episodes of @entity1165 in 5. These findings suggest that @entity2778 is an effective drug for the long-term treatment of @entity1 with drug-refractory sustained @entity1165 . Proarrhythmia was observed in only 6.4% of the study population and tended to occur during the acute titration phase. The need to discontinue therapy because of @entity712 was uncommon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Safety and efficacy of oral @entity2778 for sustained XXXX refractory to other antiarrhythmic agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: The microcirculation plays an important role in bone health. Here, we examine whether @entity633 , a marker of @entity8 , is associated with the risk of @entity173 in older adults (age, 78  years). We find a small independent association in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . INTRODUCTION: The microvascular circulation plays an important role in bone physiology. Two studies of middle-aged adults have found that @entity633 (>30  mg albumin/g @entity1011 ), a @entity8 , is associated with @entity174 risk. Here, we examine whether @entity633 is related to @entity173 risk and reduced hip @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in older adults with a mean age of 78  years. METHODS: From the Cardiovascular Health Study (41  % male), 3,110 adults with @entity633 testing were followed up for incident @entity173 for up to 9.5  years. @entity79 was performed in a subset of 1,208 @entity1 . RESULTS: There were 313 hip fractures during follow-up (7.7  % of @entity1 ; 11.7  % of @entity1 ). The incidence rate for @entity1 , with and without @entity633 , was 1.43 and 0.93/100 @entity1 -years of follow-up (p   =   0.02); for @entity1 , 1.84 and 1.33 (p   =   0.04). After adjustment for @entity170 -related factors, frailty and falling, a doubling of @entity633 was significantly associated with @entity173 risk in @entity1 (hazard ratio, 1.12, 95  % CI, 1.001-1.25), but not in @entity1 . In the subcohort with @entity79 measurement, increased urine albumin levels were significantly associated with @entity79 in @entity1 (-0.009  g @entity460 /cm(2) (-0.017, -0.001); p   =   0.04), but not in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In older @entity1 , @entity633 is associated with a small, but statistically significant, increased risk of @entity173 independent of other explanatory factors. No such risk appears to be present in @entity1 , although their total hip @entity79 is lower in association with @entity633 .

title: XXXX is associated with @entity173 risk in older adults: the cardiovascular health study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal microvascular disease', 'disorder of the renal microvasculature']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'decreased total hip BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['Albuminuria']


abstract: @entity5532 ( @entity10775 ) has been widely used in the treatment of @entity3775 @entity137 in @entity1 on chronic dialysis. @entity2583 is an @entity1292 caused by fungi of the Mucorales order and some reports suggested a role for @entity10775 in the precipitation of this infection. A 50-year-old @entity1 had been on hemodialysis for 16 years. 6 weeks before admission, he was begun on @entity10775 because of @entity3775 @entity137 . 2 weeks before admission, general fatigue and fever developed and followed by @entity10 and @entity1018 . He was admitted to this hospital with disturbed consciousness. His clinical course and a CT scan of the head suggested @entity385 . Within 24 hours he required ventilatory support and died 5 days after the admission. On autopsy, rhino-cerebral @entity2583 was demonstrated with a mycotic @entity715 involving the left middle cerebral artery. Dialysis-related @entity2583 has recently appeared in the literature. We feel that hemodialysis @entity1 on @entity10775 may be at risk for potentially fatal @entity281 . With a possible relationship between @entity10775 treatment and this fatal @entity1292 , caution should be given before using this drug and the indications should be definitive.

title: [A case report of @entity2583 in hemodialysis XXXX receiving @entity5532 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['Mucormycosis', 'mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['Deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis infections']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Following successful resuscitation from @entity1167 , a prothrombotic state may contribute to end-organ dysfunction. We examined whether the level of serum @entity556 - @entity5582 (TAT) in @entity1 hospitalized after @entity1167 was associated with survival or the development of @entity881 ( @entity881 ). METHODOLOGY: A prospective cohort study of subjects with in-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) treated between 1/1/2007 and 5/30/2010 at a single tertiary care referral center. TAT levels were measured at hospital arrival and 24h after @entity1167 . Logistic regression was used to determine associations between TAT levels and survival and development of @entity881 . RESULTS: Data were available for 86 subjects. TAT levels decreased over time. Initial TAT levels (OR 0.03; 95%CI 0.001, 0.62) and category of illness severity (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.21, 0.73) were associated with survival. Male gender (OR 3.86; 95% CI 1.17, 12.75) and category of illness severity (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.09, 3.20), but not TAT levels were associated with development of @entity881 . Neither the 24-h TAT level, nor the change in TAT from initial to 24h was associated with survival when adjusted for category of illness severity. CONCLUSIONS: Initial serum TAT levels and category of illness severity are associated with survival. TAT levels are not associated with development of @entity881 . Initial TAT levels may be a useful prognostic adjunct in the post arrest population.

title: @entity556 - @entity5582 levels are associated with survival in @entity1 resuscitated from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'cardiac arrest (IHCA) or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiology, prognosis, and patterns of practice in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 ( @entity712 ) treated and followed at a specialized clinic. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of consecutive @entity1 referred to and followed up in a specialized @entity712 clinic between September 1989 and March 1996. RESULTS: Of the 628 @entity1 referred, 566 were confirmed to have @entity712 . Mean duration of follow-up was 518 +/- 490 days (range 1 to 2192 days). Vital status was available for 99.3% of @entity1 . Mean age at enrollment was 66 years, 68% were @entity1 , 67% had an ischemic cause of @entity299 , and 78% had @entity299 . @entity1 with preserved systolic function were older, more often female, had higher mean systolic blood pressures, and a lower prevalence of @entity741 , @entity943 , or @entity8 when compared with those with @entity299 (all P </=.001). Although there was a significant negative trend in survival with decreasing ejection fraction (P =. 03), the survival experience of those with @entity712 and preserved systolic function did not significantly differ from those with systolic failure (P =.25). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed increased mortality risk was associated with increasing age, New York Heart Association class IV, ischemic cause of disease, elevated serum @entity1011 level, use of diuretics, and @entity299 , whereas use of beta-blockers was associated with reduced risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that a specialized outpatient clinic can improve practice patterns in @entity1 with @entity712 . The high mortality risk in @entity712 with preserved systolic function suggests the need to find efficacious (and effective) therapies for this condition.

title: Insights into the contemporary epidemiology and outpatient management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite published reports regarding the association of elevated circulating @entity1759 and @entity2071 levels with unfavorable outcome in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), little is known about therapy-related changes in either adhesion molecule. In an attempt to evaluate the effect of interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ), the authors measured serum @entity1759 (sCD44) and sCD54 in 22 @entity1893 and 14 @entity1072 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 fulfilling the criteria for therapy received daily doses of 3 x10(6) IU @entity3027 -2a. Ten @entity1 not requiring therapy also were observed for the same period. Fasting sera were collected at baseline and in 4 monthly intervals from all @entity1 including the @entity3027 -treated (Group 1) and the untreated group (Group 2). RESULTS: Higher baseline sCD44 values were observed in Group 1 as compared with the Group 2 @entity1 (P = 0.057). Within Group 1, @entity1 were further divided between those who responded to @entity3027 , referred to as responders, and those who did not respond to @entity3027 , known as nonresponders. Responders showed a gradual decrease in sCD44 @entity1021 at the 4th month until the 12th month (P = 0.003, P = 0.002, and P = 0.01). Neither a difference in baseline nor an @entity3027 effect on the sCD54 levels could be shown. Soluble @entity1759 levels between responders and nonresponders were not different at the baseline but were significantly lower in responders, @entity1021 at month 4 and continuing throughout the therapy period (P = 0.04, P = 0.017, and P = 0.043). This decrease did not accompany a leukocyte or @entity880 dehydrogenase decrease and was not correlated with an early disappearance of the clinical findings. Similarly, after treatment, the sCD44 values of Group 1 were lower than the Group 2 levels at months 4 and 8 (P = 0.007 and P = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Soluble @entity1759 , but not sCD54, can be used for monitoring therapy in @entity1 with @entity1893 and @entity1072 who have received @entity3027 , and for deciding whether further IFN therapy is necessary for those @entity1 who have not responded to @entity3027 over a previous 12-month period.

title: Circulating @entity1759 and @entity2071 levels in low grade @entity1893 and XXXX @entity1 during interferon-alpha-2a treatment.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'low grade NHL']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) site accounts for approximately 6.5% of all @entity5 . Optimal therapy for @entity1 with @entity189 has not yet been delineated. The current study was undertaken to evaluate response, time to treatment failure and survival in @entity1 with @entity189 treated with a combination regimen comprising @entity1138 , @entity1259 and @entity900 (MEP) versus @entity1138 alone (MITOC). Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity189 were randomised to receive either the combination (MEP) or MITOC. Both treatment arms were well matched for age, gender, performance status, dominant site and number of disease sites. Eighty of the above @entity1 were evaluable. Twenty @entity1 (50%) treated with MEP responded to treatment compared with 7 (17%) who received MITOC. Grade III-IV hemopoietic @entity137 was documented in 2 @entity1 treated with MEP and no @entity1 treated with MITOC. A single @entity1 treated with MEP developed grade I @entity1897 . Median time to treatment failure was 4.5 months for @entity1 receiving @entity27026 as opposed to 2 months for those receiving MITOC (p = 0.05). Median survival was 9.4 months in @entity1 treated with MEP compared to 5.4 months in those receiving MITOC (p = 0.05). This study indicates that the addition of @entity900 and @entity1259 to MITOC results in a significant improvement in the response rate, time to treatment failure and survival in @entity1 with @entity420 of unknown primary site.

title: @entity1138 , @entity1259 and @entity900 versus @entity1138 alone as therapy for XXXX of unknown primary origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['CUP', 'Carcinoma of unknown primary']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: The highest molecular weight neurofilament protein ( @entity43731 ) is multiply phosphorylated at epitopes which can be distinguished by specific monoclonal antibodies on Western blots. Eight characterized antibodies were used in immunocytochemistry to examine the tissue distributions of phosphorylated variants of @entity43731 in axons of the adult @entity35 spinal cord. The most striking difference in staining was found between axons in the cuneate tract and those in the neighboring dorsal corticospinal tract. Axons in the cuneate tract reacted intensely with antibodies to phosphorylated epitopes of @entity43731 and poorly with antibodies to dephosphorylated epitopes of @entity43731 , whereas the reverse was the case for the axons of the dorsal corticospinal tract. These differences showed that systematic variations in the phosphorylation of @entity43731 in long-tract axons in the central nervous system occur as a function of cell type. When the cytoskeletons of these axons were compared by electron microscopy, the neurofilaments of the cuneate fibers were seen to be more abundant and formed a latticework, more compactly organized than the neurofilaments of the dorsal corticospinal axons. By comparison, the dorsal corticospinal axons were relatively richer in microtubules than the cuneate axons. Although the cuneate fiber tract contained many more large (greater than 2.0 microns 2 in cross section) axons than did the dorsal corticospinal tract, these differences in cytoskeletal organization were apparent even when myelinated axons of similar sizes (0.4 micron 2 to 2.0 microns 2) were compared. In addition, the number of neurofilaments in cuneate axons in the 0.4 to 2.0 microns 2 size range was significantly better correlated with axon size than was the case for this size range of dorsal corticospinal axons. Thus, the differences seen in the organization of the neurofilament latticework and the phosphorylation of @entity43731 between axons found in these two tracts both appeared to be correlated with cell type, and were independent of length or caliber of the axons.

title: Phosphorylation-dependent epitopes on neurofilament proteins and neurofilament densities differ in axons in the corticospinal and primary sensory dorsal column tracts in the XXXX spinal cord.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The use of interferon alfa-2b (IFN-alpha 2b) as adjuvant therapy of high-risk resected @entity320 was recently found to significantly improve relapse-free and overall survival in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial 1684 (E1684). However, treatment @entity137 and costs may limit its widespread use. A cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis of this therapy was conducted using a hypothetical cohort of @entity1 as if they had entered E1684. Survival and recurrence rates were calculated at 7 and 35 years for typical 50-year-old @entity320 @entity1 based on the clinical results of E1684 and natural history databases. Costs included all treatment-related costs (i.e. drug acquisition and administration, monitoring and treatment-related @entity137 ) and the costs of treating recurrences. Estimated utility values were assigned based on data from other oncology trials. The model predicted that @entity4020 b provided an extra 0.52 years of life compared with observation at 7 years; however, at 35 years, the survival benefit of @entity4020 b increased almost 4-fold to nearly 2 years. At 7 years, the cost per year of life gained was U.S.  32,600 and the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained was U.S.  43,200. At 35 years, these costs decreased to U.S.  13,700 and  15,200, respectively. These costs are comparable with those of other well-established medical interventions. Although these results require confirmation in a prospective study, it appears that the use of high-dose IFN-alpha 2b for @entity1 with high-risk @entity320 is cost-effective.

title: Cost-effectiveness assessment of interferon alfa-2b as adjuvant therapy of high-risk resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if the pattern of retained contrast on immediate postprocedure computed tomography (CT) after particle embolization of @entity99 predicts modified Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (mRECIST) response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board with a waiver of authorization. One hundred four @entity96 were embolized with spherical embolic agents (Embospheres, Bead Block, LC Bead) and @entity4832 . Noncontrast CT was performed immediately after embolization to assess contrast retention in the @entity5 , and treatment response was assessed by mRECIST criteria on follow-up CT (average time 9.0    7.7 weeks after embolization). Tumor contrast retention (TCR) was determined based on change in Hounsfield units (HUs) of the index @entity5 between the preprocedure and immediate postprocedure scans; vascular contrast retention (VCR) was rated; and defects in contrast retention (DCR) were also documented. The morphology of residual enhancing @entity5 on follow-up CT was described as partial, circumferential, or total. Association between TCR variables and @entity5 response were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 104 @entity99 , 51 (49%) @entity5 had complete response (CR) by mRECIST criteria; 23 (22.1%) had partial response (PR); 21 (20.2%) had @entity66 ( @entity66 ); and 9 (8.7%) had @entity74 ( @entity74 ). By multivariate analysis, TCR, VCR, and @entity5 size are independent predictors of CR (p = 0.02, 0.05, and 0.005 respectively). In 75 @entity5 , DCR was found to be an independent predictor of failure to achieve complete response (p < 0.0001) by imaging criteria. CONCLUSION: TCR, VCR, and DCR on immediate posttreatment CT are independent predictors of CR by mRECIST criteria.

title: Pattern of retained contrast on immediate postprocedure computed tomography (CT) after particle embolization of XXXX predicts subsequent treatment response.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'targeted tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: An accurate determination of the extent or staging of a disease is critical, because it provides the basis for making therapeutic decisions. Staging is a collaborative effort by the surgeon and the pathologist. Radioimmunoguided surgery has been evaluated for its ability to help surgeons determine the extent of disease during surgery, when management decisions have the most impact on @entity1 care. This study was done to compare radioimmunoguided surgery "biostaging" with traditional pathologic staging ( @entity2802 ) as predictors of survival in @entity1 undergoing curative resections for @entity14 . METHODS: Ninety-seven @entity1 with @entity14 were prospectively enrolled in radioimmunoguided surgery protocols. Evaluation of follow-up survival data was performed. All @entity1 underwent exploratory laparotomy and radioimmunoguided surgery with resection of their primary @entity14 . Survival data were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank comparisons. RESULTS: Of 97 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 59 were evaluable and completely resectable by radioimmunoguided surgery. Mean follow-up was 62 months, with a range of 34 to 89 months. By traditional staging 13 @entity1 were pStage I, 18 @entity1 were pStage II, and 28 @entity1 were pStage III. By radioimmunoguided surgery biostaging, 24 @entity1 were radioimmunoguided surgery-negative whereas 35 @entity1 were radioimmunoguided surgery-positive. Survival rates by pathologic stage approached a significant difference, but did not, as of the conclusion of the study period, reach it (P = 0.12). Survival rates based on radioimmunoguided surgery status demonstrated a highly significant difference (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: Radioimmunoguided surgery biostaging provides new information intraoperatively on @entity5 staging that has not been available before. This may lead to new strategies for therapy that can be individualized and optimized for each @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Staging of XXXX : biology vs. morphology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumor', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: 1. @entity1534 status and the histology of the antral and oxyntic mucosa were evaluated in 25 @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 treated with a triple schedule of @entity15183 , @entity868 and @entity115 , and in 16 @entity1 treated only with @entity4444 . 2. Before treatment, @entity1534 was detected in all @entity1 . One month after treatment with the antimicrobial agents, @entity1534 was not found in 18 (72.0%) of 25 @entity1 treated with the triple schedule. In the @entity1 treated with @entity4444 (N = 16) the @entity1534 tests continued to be positive after treatment. 3. Inflammatory activity and intensity of @entity3621 were significantly reduced in @entity1 treated with the antimicrobial agents but not in @entity4444 -treated @entity1 . Three @entity1 who had negative cultures and improvement of @entity3621 1 month after treatment became @entity1534 positive again within 2 months, with concomitant reappearance of @entity3621 . 4. This study provides additional evidence that histological @entity3621 observed in @entity1534 -positive @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 is due to the presence of the microorganism.

title: Histology of the mucosa of gastric antrum and body before and after eradication of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15183 :: ('MESH:D005664', 'Chemical') :: ['furazolidone']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: The pathophysiology and treatment of @entity308 involves @entity1154 neurotransmitters and the @entity1760 ( @entity4612 )-modulated monoaminergic pathway. Serum and platelet @entity4612 concentrations and platelet @entity750 concentrations were measured in 79 @entity308 @entity1 who had attempted suicide, and 101 @entity1 without suicidal behaviour, according to the ICD-10 diagnoses F 33.2 and F32.2, with or without intentional self-harm (X60-X84). The control group consisted of 77 voluntary blood donors. The platelet @entity750 concentration was determined using the competitive enzyme immunoassay test: @entity4612 concentrations in platelets and serum were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The ANOVA test showed significantly lower serum @entity4612 in the group of @entity308 @entity1 who had attempted suicide (N  =  257, F  =  8.32, p<0.001), compared to @entity308 @entity1 who had not, and the control group. Serum albumin was lower in the group of @entity308 @entity1 who had attempted suicide and showed a significant, positive correlation with serum @entity4612 concentrations. Platelet @entity4612 concentrations were found to be higher in @entity308 @entity1 who had not attempted suicide (N  =  257, F  =  3.90, p  =  0.012) compared to the control group, with no difference compared to @entity308 @entity1 who had attempted suicide. The Kruskal Wallis test (N  =  257, H  =  48.54, p<0.0001) showed the lowest concentration of platelet @entity750 in the groups of @entity308 @entity1 with and without suicidal behaviour, compared to the healthy control group. A positive correlation was found between platelet @entity4612 and @entity750 concentrations only in the healthy control group. In conclusion, differences were observed in serum and platelet @entity4612 concentrations, which represent progress in the study of @entity4612 status and its relation to @entity750 .

title: Platelet @entity750 and @entity1760 concentrations in suicidal and non-suicidal @entity308 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The image diagnoses of a case of so-called "nonfunctioning" @entity652 , weak mineralocorticoids producing @entity4304 , @entity25248 due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency--simple virilizing form--, and 5 cases of @entity1911 were studied. In a @entity1 with so-called "nonfunctioning" @entity652 (2.3 X 3.0 X 3.3 cm), in which @entity230 biosynthesis was confirmed, computed tomography (CT) delineated the @entity5 shadow with extremely low density, and ultrasonography (US) demonstrated the round @entity5 echo with homogenous and low echogenicity at the superior region of the right renal pole. @entity774 also showed the @entity5 image. A weak mineralocorticoids-producing left @entity4304 (3.5 X 3.5 X 3.0 cm) was shown as a heterogenous round @entity5 at the left lateral portion of the vertebra by CT. On adrenal scintigraphy under @entity619 pretreatment, there was good uptake in the @entity5 and disappearance of the contralateral. Both bilateral adrenal images on CT in a @entity1 with @entity25248 were linear-shaped and markedly enlarged. The enlarged right adrenal was clearly demonstrated by US with an electronic sector scanner but not with an electronic linear scanner, although the left one was hardly shown by either US instruments. Three of 4 @entity1 with @entity1911 examined by US were correctly detected, while in the remaining one the @entity5 image was judged to be a @entity5 . CT also correctly demonstrated the former 3 @entity1911 , but misjudged the latter one as a @entity788 . Good uptake of @entity49462 by bilateral adrenals was shown in a case of @entity1911 . Three of 4 cases of @entity1911 showed the isotope uptake of the contralateral normal adrenal alone. In another case of right @entity1911 , isotope accumulation in the colon obscured whether the isotope uptake in the right adrenal was shown or not.

title: [Image diagnosis of adrenal disorders. III. "Nonfunctioning" @entity652 , weak mineralocorticoids producing XXXX , @entity25248 due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency--simple virilizing form, and @entity1911 ].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity25248 :: ('MESH:D047808', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenogenital syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'adrenal pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas', 'extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroperitoneal tumor']

entities_list: @entity49462 :: ('MESH:D000301', 'Chemical') :: ['Adosterol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal carcinoma']

answer: @entity4304 :: (MESH:D000310,Disease) :: ['adrenal carcinoma']


abstract: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the "gold standard" for the planned treatment of symptomatic @entity9975 . Currently this method is used in 88% of cholecystectomy according to world database. There are evidences that laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute @entity2679 is a quite safe method which is not connected with many complications. AIM OF THE STUDY: Assessment of the post-operative complication risk and hospitalization time in cases of acute @entity2679 had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy in comparison with classic cholecystectomy. Evaluation of non-specific inflammation process based on @entity1851 (CRP) levels in patients' serum analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty @entity1 (58 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 ) aged 22-74 (mean 53.6) were included to the study. They were undergone cholecystectomy in the Department of Gastroenterological, Oncological and General Surgery because of acute @entity2679 . There were two groups of @entity1 : 38 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (group I) and 42 @entity1 who underwent "classic" cholecystectomy (group II). No statistical differences of clinical and demographic characteristics were found in the studied groups. There was also the third group of @entity1 distinguished in the study - the control group of 42 @entity1 who underwent "planned" laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of chronic @entity9975 . The @entity1 were qualified for the groups I and II in accordance with randomization rule. The CRP-level of the patients' serum was evaluated in the group I and II twice: before and in the 2nd day after cholecystectomy. RESULTS: The mean operating time was significantly shorter in the group I (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) compared with the group II ("open" cholecystectomy) 63.24 and 86.31 minutes respectively (p < 0.05) and 58 minutes in the control group. The mean period of hospital stay was also significantly shorter in the group I (4.12 day) compared with the group II (7.19), (p < 0.05), however there was no statistically significant difference between group I and the control group (3.1 day). The level of serum CRP measured before surgery was not significantly different in groups I and II although in the 2nd day after the operation statistically significant difference between studied groups was obtained: @entity1 who were undergone laparoscopy (group I) had a lower level of serum CRP. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe method of treatment both acute @entity2679 and chronic @entity9975 .

title: [Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9975 :: ('MESH:D041761', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: To assess @entity79 ( @entity79 ) at different skeletal sites in @entity1 with @entity43 and the effect of @entity172 -gestagen substitution on @entity79 we compared @entity79 of 21 amenorrheic @entity1 with @entity43 with that of a control population of 123 healthy @entity1 . All amenorrheic @entity1 were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Division of Gynecological Endocrinology at the University of Berne, a public University Hospital. One hundred and twenty-three healthy, regularly menstruating @entity1 recruited in the Berne area served as a control group. @entity79 was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). At each site where it was measured, mean @entity79 was lower in the amenorrheic group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, average @entity79 in the amenorrheic group was 85% at lumbar spine (p < 0.0001), 92% at femoral neck (p < 0.02), 90% at Ward's triangle (p < 0.03), 92% at tibial diaphysis (p < 0.0001) and 92% at tibial epiphysis (p < 0.03). Fifteen amenorrheic @entity1 received @entity172 -gestagen replacement therapy (0.03 mg @entity2082 and 0.15 mg desogestrel daily for 21 days per month), bone densitometry being repeated within 12-24 months. An annual increase in @entity79 of 0.2% to 2.9% was noted at all measured sites, the level of significance being reached at the lumbar spine (p < 0.0012) and Ward's triangle (p < 0.033). In conclusion @entity79 is lower in amenorrheic young @entity1 than in a population of normally menstruating, age-matched @entity1 in both mainly trabecular (lumbar spine, Ward's triangle, tibial epiphysis) and mainly cortical bone (femoral neck, tibial diaphysis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Bone mineral density in young @entity1 with long-standing amenorrhea: limited effect of hormone replacement therapy with XXXX and desogestrel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic or ovarian amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The majority of @entity1 with @entity1723 has autoantibodies to insulin, @entity367 decarboxylase and the @entity669 phosphatase-like protein @entity9217 . Some @entity1 with @entity1723 , in particular with adult onset @entity6 , have, however, only cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies that could be directed to as yet unknown beta cell autoantigens. Recently, one potential antigen, @entity32093 , was identified as the high mobility group (HMG) box transcription factor @entity32093 . Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of autoantibodies to @entity32093 for @entity12011 . METHODS: Full-length @entity32093 was cloned from @entity1 brain mRNA, expressed by vitro transcription/ translation and used to detect autoantibodies by immunoprecipitation and radioligand assay in @entity1 suffering from @entity12011 or non-organ-specific @entity792 . RESULTS: We found @entity32093 antibodies to be present in 11 of 125 (8.8%) @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1723 and in 3 of 43 (7.0%) @entity1 with latent @entity12011 in adults. There was no association with age, sex and a particular pattern of @entity6 -specific autoantibodies. Similar frequencies of @entity32093 antibodies were found in 84 @entity1 with @entity627 (4.0-11.4%) and 211 healthy control subjects (5.2 %). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our data indicate that @entity32093 represents a minor target of autoantibodies in @entity1 with @entity12011 . Because @entity32093 antibodies were found not to be disease-specific, we assume they are not helpful in improving the diagnosis and prediction of @entity1723 .

title: Autoantibodies to XXXX ( @entity32093 ) are not specific for @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12011 :: ('MESH:C565730', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type I diabetes', 'Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity32093 :: (9580,Gene) :: ['ICA12']


abstract: Experimental autoimmune @entity4643 (EAU) induced by immunization with retinal antigen (Santigen or interphotoreceptor @entity554 -binding protein; @entity21232 ) serves as an animal model of @entity1 @entity4643 . As the first stage, we demonstrated the similarities between EAU and @entity32 in Beh  et's disease by investigating anti-retinal antibodies, leukocyte migration inhibition by retinal antigen, immunogenic antigens, aberrant functions of neutrophils, and dominant @entity1198 lymphocyte reaction. From these findings, we verified that EAU, which is not associated with the systemic disorders observed in Beh  et's disease, is an appropriate model for translational research targeting @entity32 . In the second stage, we set 3 therapeutic strategies for @entity1596 in Beh  et's disease to be conducted in the translational research: (1) intraocular administration of an immunosuppressive drug; (2) inhibition of @entity1198 lymphocytes; and (3) activation of immunoregulatory cells. In strategy 1, our studies indicated that intravitreal injection of 10 microg of @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) was not harmful to the retina and was predominantly effective in suppressing ongoing EAU in @entity35 . In strategy 2, two approaches were adopted to prevent differentiation of Thl cells. One is anti-cytokine antibody therapy using anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibodies(mAb). The other is blockade of co-stimulatory signals, especially the ICOS- @entity16725 pathway. Administration of anti-IL-12 mAb at the time of @entity21232 immunization completely inhibited development of EAU, and antagonistic anti @entity16725 mAb suppressed the severity of EAU even when administered after development of EAU. In strategy 3, adoptive transfer of antigen presenting cells treated with a neuropeptide (vasoactive intestinal peptide or calcitonin gene-related peptide) or @entity404 + CD 25+ regulatory T cells suppressed EAU. We look forward to the day when therapies that are being developed in our translational research using EAU will become available for treating @entity32 in Beh  et's disease.

title: [Translational research with experimental autoimmune XXXX (EAU)].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['uveoretinitis']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity4643 :: (MESH:D003103,Disease) :: ['uveoretinitis']