abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical characteristics associated with @entity1337 utilization in the intensive care unit. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of adult @entity1 admitted to a medical intensive care unit. SUBJECTS: Four hundred adult @entity1 . SETTING: Twelve-bed medical intensive care unit of an inner-city, university-affiliated hospital. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Collected data included demographics, sedation and neuromuscular blocking agents used, mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic monitoring, Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System score, Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) score, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score. Hospital outcome was noted. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were determined by using multiple logistic regression analyses. @entity1 ' mean age (+/-sd) was 47.8 +/- 17.1 yrs; 58% were male, 84% African-American. Their APACHE II-predicted hospital mortality rate was 33%. Analgesics were used in 36% of @entity1 . There were no differences in demographics, initial LODS score, APACHE II score, and mechanical ventilation use between @entity1 who did and did not receive analgesics. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that analgesic use was independently associated with sedation (odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-4.14), @entity4094 (odds ratio, 4.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.85-13.41), and pulmonary artery flotation catheter utilization (odds ratio, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-4.20). The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 5 days for those who received @entity1337 compared with 2 for those who did not (p =.0001). The median length of stay in the intensive care unit (4 vs. 2, p <.0001) and hospital (11 vs. 7, p <.0001) was higher in @entity1 who received analgesics. There were no significant differences in intensive care unit and hospital mortality rates between @entity1 who did and did not receive analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care unit @entity1 for whom analgesics were prescribed have a higher frequency of hemodynamic monitoring and use of sedative and neuromuscular blocking agents, more mechanical ventilation days, and longer intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay.

title: Characteristics associated with XXXX ordering in the intensive care unit and relationships with outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although heregulin and @entity1 @entity7514 ( @entity7514 ) are frequently expressed at high levels in @entity1 with @entity135 , their prognostic value remains unclear. The authors explored the prognostic significance of heregulin/ @entity7514 expression in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ), taking into account other HER family members as well as @entity986 status. METHODS: Ninety-six primary @entity5 specimens from @entity1 with @entity957 were retrospectively collected and analyzed for heregulin messenger RNA (mRNA) using in situ hybridization and for @entity7514 , @entity470 , and @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) using quantitative immunohistochemistry. Heregulin and @entity7514 mRNA levels were also examined among different @entity5 types using The @entity5 Genome Atlas database. RESULTS: High heregulin mRNA (> the median) correlated significantly with poor @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (hazard ratio [HR], 8.48; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.17-33.17 [P =.002]) but not disease-free survival (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.64-3.65 [P =.341]) in @entity1 with @entity957 . Heregulin mRNA correlated negatively with @entity1349 in both @entity1 with @entity986 -positive (P =.049) and @entity986 -negative (P =.091) @entity957 on univariate analysis. High @entity7514 (> the median) also correlated with poor @entity1349 (HR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.47-14.90 [P =.009]) on multivariate analysis. @entity470 levels independently correlated with disease-free survival (P =.025) and inversely correlated with @entity986 status (P =.012). In addition, The @entity5 Genome Atlas data demonstrated that @entity213 exhibits higher heregulin expression compared with other solid @entity5 types examined. CONCLUSIONS: High heregulin mRNA and high @entity7514 protein levels were found to independently correlate with poor @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity957 . These data support targeting @entity7514 in @entity1 with heregulin-high @entity957 and warrant further clinical investigation. @entity5 2015;121:3600-3611.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Heregulin and @entity7514 are prognostic biomarkers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity7514 :: ('2065', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 3', 'HER3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPSCC', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Dilutional @entity2753 is a frequent complication of @entity82 partly because of nonosmotic vasopressin release. No effective therapy exists for this complication. Therefore, we investigated the effects of @entity62808 , an orally active vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity2753 . Primary endpoint was normalization of serum @entity1372 (serum @entity1372 >or=136 mmol/L). METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity2753 were randomly assigned to 100 or 200 mg/day of @entity62808 or placebo in a double-blind study. Treatment was given with fluid restriction (1000 mL/day) until normalization of serum @entity1372 or for 7 days. RESULTS: Normalization of serum @entity1372 concentration was achieved in 27% and 50% of @entity1 in the @entity62808 100 mg/day and 200 mg/day groups, respectively, but in none of the @entity1 in the placebo group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Treatment with @entity62808 was associated with a significant @entity353 and body weight. Thirst sensation increased significantly in the @entity2052 200 mg group but not in the @entity2052 100 mg or placebo group. Serious adverse events were similar among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: An orally active vasopressin receptor antagonist can correct @entity2753 in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 . This represents a novel therapy of water retention in @entity82 .

title: Therapy of XXXX in @entity82 with a vasopressin receptor antagonist: a randomized double-blind multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in urine osmolality']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['dilutional hyponatremia', 'hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['hyponatremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4854 in the neonate may be permanent or more frequently transient. Its treatment is still debated. @entity1 AND METHODS: The files of 19 @entity1 with @entity4854 were retrospectively analysed. Their birth-weights were more than 900 g and their gestational ages more than 27 weeks. Plasma @entity413 , insulin, C-peptide, islet-cell and insulin autoantibodies were measured in each @entity1 . RESULTS: Blood @entity413 ranged from 1.2 to 10 g/l (mean: 5.05 +/- 1.0), between the second hour and the 60th day of life. Four @entity1 presented with @entity6 : they were small for gestational age. @entity4854 was noted from the first day of life. C-peptide levels were less than 0.1 pmol/ml and autoantibodies were absent. Two sibs had @entity1375 , one @entity1 had unclassifiable chronic @entity294 plus @entity8 , the fourth @entity1 had @entity1757 . The 15 other @entity1 presented with a transient @entity4854 that appeared lately (6.1 +/- 3.4 day of life). @entity4854 was induced by @entity413 infusion in five @entity1 , by potentially @entity1602 drugs in five others. C-peptide levels ranged from 0.01 to 0.76 pmol/ml (mean 0.29 +/- 0.11). One @entity1 and his mother had insulin antibodies. Another @entity1 had @entity4297 . @entity4854 required insulin therapy in 17 cases (four with permanent and 13 with transient @entity4854 ). CONCLUSION: There are no clinical or biological features permitting foresee the duration of @entity4854 . Each @entity1 with birth-weight below 2,500 g should be given insulin when glucosemia remains above 1.3 g/l and his weight does not increase.

title: [Neonatal XXXX and @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia', 'neonatal hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart abnormalities']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity384 of the biliary tract is a rare disease and uncertain origin. It is recognized more frequently in @entity1 ; however, its incidence comes increasing in adults, representing 20% of the cases. AIM: To evaluate morbimortality rates, evolution and handing of @entity1 with @entity384 bile ducts in adults. METHODS: Were evaluated, retrospectively, five adults who had the diagnosis of @entity2941 and that had been submitted to some surgical procedure. RESULTS: @entity490 was the commonest complain to all @entity1 . @entity1087 was present in 80%. Ultrasound scanning was done in all the cases as initial examination. CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were also done in some @entity1 ; however, the diagnosis was established intra-operatively in all cases. The cyst resection with reconstruction of the biliary tract was done in 60%; the cystojejunostomy in 20%; and in 20% biliary tract drainage. CONCLUSIONS: Biliary tract @entity384 is a rare disease. However, its incidence is increasing in the adult population, so, it must be thought as differential diagnosis when @entity3883 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX bile ducts in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['facing obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['cystic dilatation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current models of @entity1161 provide a rationale for growth factor-based prevention strategies. Thus, we tested whether @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) and @entity664 ( @entity664 ) alone or in combination modulate radiation tolerance of the @entity35 cervical spinal cord. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cervical spinal cord of 68 adult Fisher F344 @entity35 received a total dose of 30-36 Gy, given as a single fraction of 16 Gy followed by a second radiation dose of 14-20 Gy. Continuous intrathecal infusion of @entity664 (44 @entity35 ) or saline (24 @entity35 ) into the cisterna magna was given concomitantly. A further experiment included 14 additional @entity35 which were treated with subcutaneous injection of @entity2135 parallel to irradiation with a total dose of 34 Gy or 36 Gy. 20 @entity35 received combined treatment, i.e. intrathecal infusion of @entity664 plus subcutaneous injection of @entity2135 , starting 24 hours before irradiation (total dose 33 Gy or 36 Gy) for a total of 4 days. Animals were followed until @entity602 developed or for a maximum of 12 months. Histopathologic examinations were performed post mortem. RESULTS: Treatment with @entity664 alone or @entity2135 alone increased the median time to @entity602 significantly. In the 36-Gy group, after combination treatment a comparable prolongation of latency was seen. Moreover, @entity35 treated with 33 Gy and combined @entity664 plus @entity2135 showed a significantly reduced risk of @entity602 , too (p = 0.0015, Figures 1 and 2). CONCLUSION: Combination of @entity2135 and @entity664 was more potent than single agent treatment. We observed a significantly reduced @entity602 rate at an intermediate radiation dose level and a longer time to @entity602 at a high-dose level. This finding strengthens the evidence that brief therapeutic intervention can decrease radiation-induced @entity2359 . Further studies will be undertaken to optimize this strategy.

title: [Experimental data for administration of XXXX ( @entity2135 ) and @entity664 ( @entity664 ) for prevention of @entity1161 ].

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2135 :: (24482(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1575 is a pathological consequence of chronic @entity409 and results from the progressive accumulation of altered extracellular matrix, highly enriched in type I and III fibrillar collagens. In advanced stages, @entity82 leads to @entity82 , defined by abnormal liver architecture and altered vascularization. Clinical consequences of @entity82 are failure in the synthetic function of the liver, portal @entity101 , high susceptibility to @entity281 and high risk to develop @entity157 ( @entity157 ). The @entity2533 family of cytokines plays essential roles in many cellular processes, including growth inhibition, cell migration and invasion, extracellular matrix remodelling and immune suppression, being involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. However, TGF-bs are often continuously overexpressed in disease states, such as @entity82 , @entity32 and @entity5 , and they play pivotal roles in the sequence of events leading to end-stage of chronic @entity409 . Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are critical intermediates in liver physiology and pathology. When the equilibrium between ROS generation and the antioxidant defence of the cell is disrupted, it results in an oxidative stress process. The @entity1110 oxidase (NOX) family has emerged in the last years as important source of ROS in liver pathologies. Interestingly, NOXes mediate @entity2533 actions in liver cells, such as regulation of hepatocyte growth and death, as well as activation of hepatic stellate cells to myofibroblasts, key executers of the fibrotic process. In this review we will update the relevant and differential roles of NOX isoforms during liver @entity82 and hepatocarcinogenesis, their cross-talk with the @entity2533 pathway and their potential as therapeutic targets for these diseases.

title: CROSS-TALK BETWEEN @entity2533 AND XXXX OXIDASES DURING LIVER FIBROSIS AND HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was to demonstrate that an extremely thin coating of @entity18694 ( @entity18695 ) on non-woven microfibrous @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) web is of sufficient electrical conductivity and stability in aqueous environment to sustain electrical stimulation (ES) to cultured @entity1 skin fibroblasts. The @entity18695 imparted the web a surface resistivity of approximately 0.1 K  /square without altering the web morphology. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the surface chemistry of the @entity15274 / @entity18695 is characteristic of both @entity15274 and @entity18695 . The @entity18695 -coated web also showed higher hydrophilicity, lower glass transition temperature and unchanged fibre crystallinity and thermal stability compared with the @entity15274 web. The addition of @entity18695 to the web marginally increased the web's tensile strength and lowered the elongation. An electrical stability test showed that the @entity15274 / @entity18695 structure was more stable than a @entity25213 (PPy) treated @entity15274 fabric, showing only a slow deterioration in conductivity when exposed to culture medium. The @entity137 test showed that the @entity15274 / @entity18695 scaffold was not cytotoxic and supported @entity1 dermal fibroblast adhesion, migration and proliferation. Preliminary electrical stimulation experiments have demonstrated that this conductive web mediated effective ES to fibroblasts. Therefore this new conductive biodegradable scaffold may be used to electrically modulate cellular activity and tissue regeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: An electrically conductive 3D scaffold based on a nonwoven web of @entity7049 and conductive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity18694 :: ('MESH:C121383', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)']

entities_list: @entity25213 :: ('MESH:C067635', 'Chemical') :: ['polypyrrole']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(L-lactic acid)']

answer: @entity18694 :: (MESH:C121383,Chemical) :: ['poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)']


abstract: We report a case of neonatal transient @entity177 after maternal ingestion of @entity3522 , @entity1443 , and @entity9695 during pregnancy. The baby @entity1 was delivered at the 33 weeks gestation for complete absence of amniotic fluid. @entity810 was present. Urine output started 12 h after birth, increasing to @entity2011 on day 6, and then decreasing gradually to normal values. Serum @entity1011 normalized on day 6. Several cases of severe and sometimes irreversible renal problems have been described in neonates exposed to @entity3352 , a non-selective cyclooxgenase (COX) inhibitor, during their fetal life. More recently, the use of @entity9695 , a selective @entity2247 inhibitor, as a tocolytic agent has been advocated. Although it is difficult to ascribe the observed side effects to one specific drug in our @entity1 , using the Naranjo ADR probability scale, @entity177 was probably related to @entity9695 exposure. @entity1443 is considered safe at therapeutic doses, and there are no reports of prenatal @entity3522 @entity137 . However, recently there have been some reports of @entity177 associated with maternal @entity9695 consumption and probably modulated by genetic factors. Hence, cautious use of @entity9695 during pregnancy must be advocated.

title: In utero exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'neonatal renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['nimesulide']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['neonatal renal failure']


abstract: The association of chronic @entity294 with @entity6648 is uncommon. In the past 12 years, we encountered three cases of @entity6648 presenting initially as chronic @entity294 . The incidence of chronic @entity294 in @entity1 with @entity6648 at our hospital during this period was 3.8%. These @entity1 (two @entity1 and one @entity1 aged between 15 to 28 mo) presented with a 3-week to 6-month history of chronic @entity294 of unknown cause. A posterior mediastinal mass or abdominal mass found on sonography and chest roentgenography eventually led to the diagnosis of @entity6648 in these @entity1 . Pathology revealed @entity6012 in two cases and @entity521 in one. All three @entity1 received chemotherapy and underwent surgery. @entity294 ceased postoperatively in all three @entity1 . Although one of the @entity1 died of @entity326 during chemotherapy, the other two remained free of disease at 30 and 22 months of postoperative follow-up, respectively. A high index of suspicion is needed to identify cases of @entity6648 from the presenting symptom of chronic @entity294 .

title: @entity6648 presenting with chronic XXXX : a report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity6012 :: ('MESH:D018305', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['neural-crest tumors', 'neural-crest tumor']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: During last 10 years, 33 @entity1 presenting with a severe @entity1142 (19 of them with subobstruction episodes) have been treated with sphincteromyectomy at ages varying from 3 m. to 13 y. The aetiologic study of the @entity1142 includes a barium enema, a manometric study (for the cases treated since 1975) and a histologic study of the muscular strip obtained during the sphincteromyectomy. The barium enema does not show any specific pattern of @entity1963 , on the other hand, the manometric study brings more constant arguments to distinguish the idiopathic @entity1142 from the short-segment @entity1963 . The sphincteromyectomy is done by anal approach (28 times) or by posterior approach (6 times). One @entity1 has had 2 sphincteromyectomies. 14 @entity1 had a @entity1963 and we find among them 9 very good or good results. 5 failures needed a rectal resection by the Swenson's technique. 19 @entity1 had an idiopathic @entity1142 . 2 have not been reviewed. Among the 17 others, we find 11 very good results. No @entity260 have been observed particularly not any @entity322 .

title: [Interest of the sphincteromyectomy in the treatment of idiopathic @entity1142 and short-segment XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity900 -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment of locally advanced @entity5 . We conducted this study to assess the value of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 ( @entity11833 ) protein expression in predicting the clinical outcome of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 who were treated with @entity900 -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: We employed immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of @entity11833 protein among 66 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 who were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The relationship of @entity11833 expression to clinical outcome was analyzed. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, T stage, N stage, clinical staging and treatment method between the high @entity11833 expression and low @entity11833 expression groups. Fifty-eight @entity1 (87.88%) had a complete response and 8 (12.12%) a partial response. Of the 34 @entity1 with high @entity11833 expression, 10 (29.41%) relapsed, compared with 4 of 32 (12.5%) @entity1 with low @entity11833 expression (P = 0.041). The 5-year overall survival rate was 58.82% in @entity1 with high @entity11833 expression and 84.37% in @entity1 with low @entity11833 expression (P = 0.022). Multivariate analysis showed that low expression of @entity11833 was a significant independent prognostic factor for better overall survival (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Low @entity11833 expression is associated with prolonged survival in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 receiving @entity900 -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy. @entity11833 expression may become a molecular marker in predicting the clinical outcome of these @entity1 .

title: Low expression of excision repair cross-complementation group-1 protein predicts better outcome in @entity1 with locally advanced XXXX treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal cancer']


abstract: Combining autologous bone graft and recombinant @entity1 @entity12017 ( @entity12017 ) to treat long-bone @entity174 aseptic @entity3202 theoretically could promote bone healing at higher rates than each of these grafting agents separately. We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data on @entity1 general characteristics, clinical outcomes, and complications over 3 years to determine the healing rates and the incidence of complications and adverse events of this "graft expansion rationale." There were 45 @entity1 (32 male) with a median age of 43 years (range, 19-76 years). Minimum followup was 12 months (mean, 24.5 months; range, 12-65 months). There were seven humeral, 19 femoral, and 19 tibial nonunions. The median number of prior operations was two (range, 1-7). All @entity174 united. Clinical and radiographic union occurred within a median of 5 months (range, 3-14 months) and 6 months (range, 4-16 months), respectively. Thirty-nine (87%) @entity1 returned to their preinjury occupation at a mean of 4.2 months (range, 3-6 months). The median visual analog scale @entity158 score was 0.9 (range, 0-2.8; maximum 10), and the median functional score was 86 (range, 67-95; maximum 100) at the final followup. @entity12017 as a bone-stimulating agent combined with conventional autograft resulted in a nonunion healing rate of 100% in these 45 @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: The synergistic effect of autograft and XXXX in the treatment of @entity3202 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic nonunions']

entities_list: @entity12017 :: ('655', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-7', 'BMP-7']

answer: @entity12017 :: (655,Gene) :: ['BMP-7']


abstract: P2Y receptors have been implicated in the @entity460 mobilization by the response to neuroexcitatory substances in neurons and astrocytes, but little is known about P2Y receptors in microglia cells. In the present study, the effects of @entity857 on the intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) in cultured dorsal spinal cord microglia were detected with confocal laser scanning microscopy using @entity20048 /AM as a @entity460 fluorescence indicator that could monitor real-time alterations of [ @entity141 ]i. Here we show that @entity857 (0.01-100   M) causes a rapid increase in [ @entity141 ]i with a dose-dependent manner in cultured microglia. The action of @entity857 on [ @entity141 ]i was significantly blocked by @entity24002 (a selective @entity23461 receptor antagonist), but was unaffected by @entity24001 (a selective @entity15094 antagonist) or @entity34310 (a selective P2Y12 receptor antagonist), which suggest that @entity23461 receptor may be responsible for @entity857 -evoked @entity141 mobilization in cultured microglia. @entity23461 -evoked @entity141 response can be obviously inhibited by @entity11008 and U-73122, respectively. Moreover, removal of extracellular @entity141 (by EGTA) also can obvious suppress the @entity141 mobilization. These results means both intracellular @entity460 and extracellular @entity460 are potentially important mechanisms in @entity23461 receptor-evoked @entity141 mobilization. However, @entity23461 receptor-evoked @entity141 response was not impaired after @entity10278 and @entity1855 administration, which suggest that voltage-operated @entity141 channels may be not related with @entity23461 -evoked @entity141 response. In addition, @entity141 mobilization induced by @entity857 was abolished by different store-operated @entity141 channels (SOCs) blocker, @entity15258 (50   M) and @entity21808 (1  mM), respectively. These observations suggest that the activation of @entity23461 receptor might be involved in the effect of @entity857 on [ @entity141 ]i in cultured dorsal spinal cord microglia. Furthermore, our results raise a possibility that @entity23461 receptor activation causes @entity141 release from @entity141 store, which leads to the opening of SOCs.

title: XXXX Receptor-Mediated Rapid Increase in Intracellular @entity460 Induced by @entity857 in Cultured Dorsal Spinal Cord Microglia.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity23461 :: (53829,Gene) :: ['P2Y13']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to investigate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on white blood cell (WBC) count and levels of @entity2533 (TGF_mdash;_#946;) in serum from subjects with severe @entity2521 . Serum from 28 subjects with @entity2521 (mean age: 34.36  6.24; 32% @entity1 ) and 27 healthy controls (mean age: 33.18  6.42; 33% @entity1 ) were collected prior to therapy. Blood samples were obtained from 23 subjects who completed therapy (9_mdash;12 months). A well_mdash;controlled periodontal treatment protocol was established in three stages: mechanical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planning), reinstrumentation of dental sites, and supportive periodontal therapy. Periodontal and systemic parameters such as the total number of WBCs and TGF_mdash;_#946; levels, accessed by enzyme_mdash;linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were included. After therapy, all clinical periodontal parameters decreased (p<0.0001). There were no statistical differences in WBC count between experimental and control groups before or after therapy. However, after therapy, the mean value of lymphocytes in @entity1 with @entity146 ( @entity146 ) was statistically higher than that of @entity1 with generalized @entity7278 (GCP) (p<0.0357). Additionally, TGF_mdash;_#946; levels in @entity146 and GCP @entity1 were higher compared to controls before therapy (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In @entity146 @entity1 , periodontal therapy was associated with increased number of lymphocytes.

title: Effects of periodontal therapy on white blood cell count and levels of @entity2533 in serum of subjects with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['LAgP', 'localized aggressive periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate whether varicocele (VC) in @entity35 can cause @entity3453 ( @entity3453 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty adolescent SD @entity35 were randomly divided into 4 @entity1585 : 4-weeks control group, 4-weeks experimental group, 12-weeks control group, and 12-weeks experimental group. Left varicocele models were introduced by partially ligating left kidney veins for the experimental @entity1585 , and the sham surgery @entity1585 as controls were executed with exactly the same surgery as in the experimental @entity1585 except for the ligation. @entity35 in control and experimental @entity1585 for 4 and 12 weeks were killed after laparotomy at 4 and 12 weeks, respectively, the testes were taken out and fixed in fixative containing 4% @entity31718 , then were stained by @entity1710 and @entity1711 (HE). The density and viability of sperm were analyzed by computer-aided sperm analysis. RESULTS: Compared with @entity35 in 4-weeks and 12-weeks control group, histological structures of bilateral testes in both experimental @entity1585 were impaired, most of them showing as focal focuses. The pathological changes of testes in @entity35 of the 12-weeks experimental group were bilateral, and included @entity194 of seminiferous tubules, turbulence of spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubules, defluvium of most spermatogenic cells, abortion of spermatogenesis, and degradation of spermatogenic epithelia. One @entity35 in the 12-weeks experimental group was shown having @entity3453 , with the spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubules completely flaked, degraded, or absent, and only Sertoli cells lined the seminiferous tubules. CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory VC caused progressive @entity73 , and @entity3453 could be induced when the damage was severe. Our results indicate that @entity19474 , @entity3893 , and @entity3453 can be prevented by the earlier treatment of VC.

title: Varicocele-caused progressive damage in bilateral testis and @entity3453 in homolateral testis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3453 :: ('MESH:D054331', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli cell-only syndrome', 'SCOS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of homolateral testes']

entities_list: @entity31718 :: ('CHEBI:61536', 'Chemical') :: ['polyformaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity19474 :: ('MESH:D053627', 'Disease') :: ['asthenozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical performance of two flowable composites for restoring Class-V non-carious @entity75 (NCCLs), one with novel ( @entity11702 ; N'Durance(  ) Dimer Flow, Septodont) and one with modified conventional matrix composition ( @entity241 ; Filtek    Supreme XTE Flow, 3M-ESPE). The null hypothesis was that both flowable composites perform equally regarding clinical quality and survival. METHODS: 50 @entity1 received one @entity11702 and one @entity241 restoration of NCCLs in premolars using Clearfil Protect Bond (Kuraray) as an adhesive. Restorations were evaluated by two examiners at baseline (BL), 18 and 36 months employing FDI criteria. Non-parametric statistical analyses and   (2) tests were applied (a=0.05). RESULTS: 48 @entity1 with both restorations under risk participated in the 36-mo recall. One @entity1 terminated participation after the 18-mo recall. One @entity11702 restoration failed at the 18-mo recall ( @entity174 ). One @entity241 restoration failed during clinical examination at the 36-mo recall (debonding). 95.8% of restorations each were rated clinically acceptable at 36-mo. No significant differences for all selected FDI criteria were recorded between @entity11702 and @entity241 at each examination time point except for the criteria surface staining at 36-mo and marginal staining at 18-mo and 36-mo, where @entity241 showed significantly better results. For each material, no significant differences over time were detected, except for loss of surface lustre for @entity241 (BL to 18 months). SIGNIFICANCE: Within the limitations of the study, the null hypothesis that materials perform equally could not be rejected. Both flowable composites performed equally regarding survival and similarly regarding clinical performance.

title: Flowable composites for restoration of non-carious XXXX : Three-year results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cervical lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in young @entity1 carries the risk of parenchymal damage and sequelae. The location of the @entity281 within the urinary tract influences decisions regarding both therapeutics and follow-up. Because clinical features and laboratory markers of @entity281 at an early age are not specific, it is difficult to make a distinction between lower @entity293 and @entity2885 . @entity1904 (PCT) has been studied as a marker of severe @entity2348 . The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of PCT concentration in serum to distinguish between uncomplicated @entity293 and severe @entity2885 with @entity8 . METHODS: PCT was measured by immunoluminometric assay in serum samples from @entity1 with microbiologically documented @entity281 . Severe renal involvement was assessed by @entity29582 gammagraphy done 5 to 6 months after the episode to check for the presence of parenchymal scars. @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and leukocyte count were also measured. RESULTS: PCT at presentation showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) with the presence of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity293 . Using a cutoff of 1 ng/ml for PCT and 20 mg/l for @entity1851 , sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between @entity293 with and without @entity8 were 92.3 and 61.9%, respectively, for PCT and 92.3 and 34.4% for @entity1851 . Positive and negative predictive values were 32 and 97.5%, respectively, for PCT and 23 and 95%, respectively, for @entity1851 . CONCLUSIONS: A low PCT value at admission indicates a low risk of long term @entity8 . Increased PCT values at admission correlate with the presence of scars. PCT values have proved to be more specific than @entity1851 and leukocyte count for identifying @entity1 who might develop @entity8 .

title: Elevated serum @entity1904 values correlate with @entity8 in XXXX with @entity293 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity29582 :: ('MESH:D019783', 'Chemical') :: ['99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal scars', 'renal damage', 'renal scarring']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['acute pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI', 'Urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of a biodegradable polymer-coated @entity3446 -Eluting Stent (Excel) used in conjunction with six-month dual antiplatelet therapy in daily practice. BACKGROUND: The polymeric material of cardiac stents has been reported to adversely affect the safety profile of the drug-eluting stents and is also suspected to cause serious long-term complications. It has been proposed that the biodegradable polymer coatings may reduce such late-stage adverse effects. METHODS: This is a prospective, multi-center registry of 654 @entity1 from across 9 cardiology centers in India, who were enrolled and exclusively treated with Excel stents between February 2008 and May 2010. The recommended antiplatelet regimen included @entity1397 and @entity117 for 6 months period, followed by lifelong @entity117 therapy. RESULTS: The study population included 46.94% diabetics, 24.31% smokers, 48.93% @entity101 and 14.98% hyperlipidemics. The cumulative rates of major adverse cardiac events were 0.153% at discharge and 1.38% at 12 months. The mean percentage of @entity850 was 88.24      9.17% No events occurred between 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: This multi-center registry study on "real world, all comers" has, thus, showed that EXCEL    stent which is @entity1989 -coated biodegradable @entity3446 -Eluting Stent exhibited high efficacy and safety profile in treatment of @entity1 undergoing PCI as evidenced by significantly lower rates of MACE and no case of stent @entity715 . There was no event even after DAPT was discontinued after 6 months.

title: A prospective, multi-centric, observational registry to evaluate performance of Excel    DES in 'Real World, All Comers' XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: In older adults, sedentary time is positively associated with @entity28 . The manner in which it is accumulated, i.e., the number of breaks in sedentary time, might be also important. We examined the cross-sectional associations of breaks in sedentary time with @entity1144 in 301 older adults (111 @entity1 and 190 @entity1 ) aged 75.0        6.8 years. Sedentary time (counts min(-1)   <   100) and physical activity were objectively measured by accelerometry, worn during waking hours for at least three consecutive days. A break was defined as an interruption (>=  100 counts min(-1)   <   2020) in sedentary time while performing light intensity physical activities. Sedentary time was expressed as the number of daily breaks in sedentary time or hourly breaks in sedentary time. @entity1144 was defined by waist circumference ( @entity1 >102 cm; @entity1 >88 cm). Using binary logistic regression analyses, the odds for @entity1144 decreased 7 % for each additional hourly break in sedentary time in @entity1 (OR   =   0.93, 95 % CI: 0.87-1.00), but not @entity1 , independently of total sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The odds for @entity1144 were 3.21 times higher (p   =   0.039) for @entity1 in quartile 1 (<225 breaks day(-1)) of daily breaks in sedentary time compared to those in quartile 4 (>353 breaks day(-1)) of daily breaks in sedentary time.These findings indicate that older @entity1 who interrupt their sedentary time more frequently are less likely to present @entity1144 . Public health recommendations regarding breaking-up sedentary time complementary to those for physical activity are likely to be relevant.

title: Associations of breaks in sedentary time with XXXX in Portuguese older adults.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity', 'Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['abdominal obesity']


abstract: Adequate control of blood pressure (BP) is important for preventing @entity101 complications, but it has been reported that many @entity1 remain uncontrolled despite regular care. We studied the factors contributing to inadequate control of BP. A cohort of @entity101 @entity1 (n = 395) was queried in regard to their quality of life (QOL) and drug compliance, and the characteristics of responders (n = 256) were obtained from their clinical records. The achieved level of BP was determined by the mean of at least five readings at five recent visits. The mean age, BP, and body mass index were 73.0 +/- 8.8 years, 139 +/- 12/76 +/- 8 mmHg, and 24.1 +/- 3.5, respectively. There was no significant relation between the BP level and the QOL score. The @entity1 were divided into 6 groups according to their attending physicians (A, B, C, D, E, and F), and the BP levels were compared among the groups. Systolic BPs were higher in the A (143 +/- 13 mmHg) and the F (145 +/- 12 mmHg) groups than in the B (135 +/- 10 mmHg) group, whereas diastolic BPs were similar among the groups. Moreover, increases in therapy occurred at lower BP levels in the B group (158 +/- 13/83 +/- 14 mmHg, n = 14) than in the A group (173 +/- 21/87 +/- 16 mmHg, n = 8). Other characteristics of the clinical background were similar among the groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that inadequate BP control (> or = 140/90 mmHg) was associated with difference of physicians (A, C, D, or F vs. B), number of antihypertensive drugs ( 2 vs. 1), and increases in therapy (vs. no increases in therapy). These results suggest that physicians' attitudes toward antihypertensive therapy play a crucial role in adequate BP control.

title: Factors relating to inadequate control of blood pressure in XXXX outpatients.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: @entity420 is recognized as a distinct clinical entity; however, the choice of surgical approaches is controversial. To analyze the results of surgery among @entity1 with @entity7145 (type I) and the @entity418 (type II) based on Siewert's classification in Japan, surgical procedures, histopathologic characteristics, and outcome were re-evaluated according to the TNM classification in 1263 @entity1 with @entity7145 (type I) and the @entity418 (type II) through a questionnaire sent to the members of the Japanese Society of Esophageal Diseases. One hundred and thirty-four (10.6%) @entity1 had @entity5 and 1129 (89.4%) @entity1 had @entity5 . There were significant differences in sex distribution and associated intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus between @entity1 with @entity5 . Although different surgical approaches were performed, the overall 5-year survival rate was 53% without any difference between the two groups. The significant prognostic factors in general linear models were R category, pN category, and differentiation, but not pT category. There was no difference in survival between @entity1 with @entity5 . The survival rate of the @entity1 who underwent a transhiatal approach was similar to that of those undergoing a transthoracic approach. The results suggest that Siewert's classification (type I and type II) is useful in planning treatment strategy for @entity420 . Lymph node @entity3 was the most important prognostic factor, and staging based on the number of lymph node @entity3 or the extent of lymph node @entity3 is necessary.

title: @entity420 : a summary of responses to a questionnaire on XXXX and the esophagogastric junction in Japan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type II tumors', 'type I tumors', 'type I and type II tumors', 'stage IIB and III disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction', 'Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity7145 :: (MESH:C562730,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Since protein ingestion is known to stimulate the secretion of @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ), we hypothesised that enhancing @entity5445 secretion to harness its insulinotropic/beta cell-stimulating activity with whey protein pre-load may have beneficial @entity413 -lowering effects in type 2 @entity6 . METHODS: In a randomised, open-label crossover clinical trial, we studied 15 individuals with well-controlled type 2 @entity6 who were not taking any medications except for @entity4136 or @entity2449 . These @entity1 consumed, on two separate days, 50 g whey in 250 ml water or placebo (250 ml water) followed by a standardised high-glycaemic-index breakfast in a hospital setting. @entity1 were randomised using a coin flip. The primary endpoints of the study were plasma concentrations of @entity413 , intact @entity5445 and insulin during the 30 min following meal ingestion. RESULTS: In each group, 15 @entity1 were analysed. The results showed that over the whole 180 min post-meal period, @entity413 levels were reduced by 28% after whey pre-load with a uniform reduction during both early and late phases. Insulin and C-peptide responses were both significantly higher (by 105% and 43%, respectively) with whey pre-load. Notably, the early insulin response was 96% higher after whey. Similarly, both total @entity5445 (tGLP-1) and intact @entity5445 (iGLP-1) levels were significantly higher (by 141% and 298%, respectively) with whey pre-load. @entity5735 plasma activity did not display any significant difference after breakfast between the groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In summary, consumption of whey protein shortly before a high-glycaemic-index breakfast increased the early prandial and late insulin secretion, augmented tGLP-1 and iGLP-1 responses and reduced postprandial glycaemia in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Whey protein may therefore represent a novel approach for enhancing @entity413 -lowering strategies in type 2 @entity6 . Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01571622 Funding The Israeli Ministry of Health and Milk Council funded the research.

title: Incretin, insulinotropic and XXXX -lowering effects of whey protein pre-load in type 2 @entity6 : a randomised clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['Dipeptidyl peptidase 4']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fewer circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and increased plasma (C-term) stromal cell-derived factor 1a (SDF-1a), a substrate of @entity5735 , are biomarkers, and perhaps mediators, of cardiovascular risk and mortality. Short-term/acute treatment with @entity5735 inhibitors improve EPC bioavailability; however, long-term effects of @entity5735 i on EPCs bioavailability/plasma (C-term) SDF-1a are unknown. METHODS: Randomized (2:1) open-label trial to compare the effects of @entity12349 (V) (100  mg/day) vs @entity5217 (G) (2.5  mg bid to a maximal dose of 5  mg bid) on circulating EPC levels at 4 and 12  months of treatment in 64 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in metformin failure. At baseline, and after 4 and 12  months, main clinical/biohumoral parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, concomitant therapies, EPC number ( @entity2280 (+)/CD133(+)/KDR(+)/10(6) cytometric events) and plasma (C-term) SDF-1a (R_D system) were assessed. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were comparable in the two groups. V and G similarly and significantly (p  <  0.0001) improved @entity413 control. At 12  months, V significantly increased EPC number (p  <  0.05) and significantly reduced (C-term) SDF-1a plasma levels (p  <  0.01) compared to G, with no differences in inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: V exerts a long-term favorable effect on EPC and (C-term) SDF-1a levels at @entity413 equipoise, thereby implying a putative beneficial effect on vascular integrity. Trial registration Clinical Trials number: NCT01822548; name: Effect of @entity12349 vs. @entity5217 on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Number Type 2 @entity6 . Registered 28 March, 2013.

title: @entity12349 , but not @entity5217 , increases circulating endothelial progenitor cell number: a 12-month randomized controlled trial in @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity12349 :: ('MESH:C502012', 'Chemical') :: ['Vildagliptin', 'vildagliptin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality and healthcare expenditure in @entity1 with @entity409 . The management of @entity157 is evolving because of recently introduced novel therapeutic approaches. Optimal outcome requires an early and accurate assessment of @entity5 response to therapy. Current imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; provide reliable and reproducible anatomical data in order to demonstrate @entity5 burden changes. However, in the setting of novel targeted therapies and liver directed treatments, simple @entity5 anatomical changes can be less informative and usually appear later than biological changes. There has been a growing interest to monitor the therapeutic response, at an early phase of treatment, by measuring @entity5 viability and/or perfusion. Therefore the importance of @entity5 viability assessment is increasingly being recognized. The @entity5 viability measurement guidelines have recently been amended to include the measurement of only the longest diameter of the enhancing @entity5 to formally amend RECIST to modified RECIST (mRECIST). Viable @entity5 should be defined as uptake of contrast agent in the arterial phase. In this review, we discuss criteria of response evaluation in @entity157 and further follow-up of @entity1 receiving curative and palliative treatment.

title: Treatment Response Evaluation and Follow-up in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2013 in males can be voluminous macroadenomas invading the surrounding structures. Medical therapy with @entity935 agonists (the treatment of choice for these @entity5 ) may be ineffective in the case of pharmacological resistance. In such cases, even surgical and/or radiation therapy cannot be curative due to the invasive potential of the @entity652 . Hence, the appropriate therapeutic approach for these @entity5 is still a relevant clinical problem for endocrinologists. We report the history of an adolescent male who was diagnosed with a large invasive @entity2013 in 2002. He had severe @entity1805 and @entity4614 ; prolactin levels at diagnosis were higher than 8,000 ng/ml. Medical therapy with @entity9229 was initiated and resulted in decreased prolactin levels but not complete normalisation (maximal tolerated dose 3 mg/day). However, due to the worsening of the @entity227 , the @entity1 was operated in July 2004 through the trans-nasal approach and 2 years later through both the transcranial and the transphenoidal approaches. After the second surgery, a significant @entity5 mass was obtained. Immunohistochemistry for @entity1943 receptors (sstr) subtypes showed a positive staining with the anti- @entity7932 antibody. A scintigraphy with @entity13098 ( @entity13098 ) revealed a very intense tracer uptake in the sellar region. The administration of long-acting @entity2390 was initiated. After 12 months of therapy, prolactin levels normalised for the first time. Pituitary MRI did not reveal any @entity5 progression during a 2-year follow-up. This is a case of an invasive @entity935 -resistant @entity2013 that was successfully controlled by extensive surgery and combined treatment with @entity9229 and @entity2390 . The expression and functionality of sstr should be investigated in these @entity5 since a combined therapy with @entity9229 and @entity2390 may be a good therapeutic course of action for select cases.

title: Efficacy of the combined @entity9229 and @entity2390 treatment in a case of a @entity935 -agonist resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual defect']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['macroprolactinoma', 'Prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'reduction of tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['bitemporal hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity13098 :: ('MESH:C081788', 'Chemical') :: ['111In-pentetreotide', 'Octreoscan']

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['macroprolactinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e17501 Background: Surgery is the main treatment of early stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Radiation (XRT) can be used for @entity1 who are not surgical candidates. Recent advances in XRT techniques have put the management of early stage @entity1149 in flux. This study was conducted to evaluate outcomes from the two treatment modalities. METHODS: @entity1 with stage I and II (AJCC 6(th) Ed) @entity1149 diagnosed between 1988 and 2005 were identified in the SEER database. Data abstracted included: age, gender, year of diagnosis, treatment and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Data were grouped in three intervals based on year of diagnosis (1988-1992, 1992-1997, post-1997) to evaluate changes in outcomes over time. @entity1349 was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank statistics. Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis of @entity1349 . Statistical significance was estimated at the 0.05 level. RESULTS: Of the 8097 @entity1 identified, 6,410 had stage I disease and 1,687 had stage II. Most @entity1 (5,214 - stage I; 832 - stage II) received surgery alone, while 753 (516 - stage I; 237 - stage II) @entity1 received XRT alone and 407 (315 - stage I; 92 - stage II) received no treatment. On multivariate analysis factors that predicted for @entity1349 in stage I were age, race, year of diagnosis, gender, histology, @entity5 grade and treatment (p<0.001). For stage II, age, gender, year of diagnosis and treatment predicted @entity1349 (p<0.0001). Median @entity1349 (years) following surgery for stage I @entity1149 was similar in the three time periods (6.33, 6.58, 6.75) but a significant improvement following XRT (1.33, 1.25, 1.92; p<0.0001) and no treatment (0.5, 0.75, 1.25; p<0.0001) was identified. @entity1 who refused surgery in favor of XRT had a worse @entity1349 compared to those who received surgery (1.83 vs. 6.25 yrs; p<0.0001 - stage I and 0.42 vs. 2.67 years; p<0.0001 - stage II). These differences persisted in each of the three time periods. Caucasians, females, @entity420 and grade 1 @entity5 had better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated with radiation have experienced improved survival in early stage @entity1149 between 1998 and 2005. Appropriate candidates should be made aware of the differences in outcomes between surgery and XRT, since XRT has significantly inferior outcomes despite advances in technology.

title: Early-stage XXXX : A SEER database analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations in TP53 have been observed in a variety of @entity5 including oral lesions, though there are no reports in @entity1567 . The purpose of the study was to examine the TP53 status of @entity1567 using newly developed @entity375 functional assay whose accuracy and sensitivity has been proven to be higher than those of the previous DNA structure-based methods such as single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. METHODS: TP53 status was analyzed by @entity375 functional assay and DNA sequencing in 12 cases of @entity1567 which were diagnosed histologically and represented the clinical features of a @entity5 . After the extraction of RNA from the frozen tissue samples without microdissection, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was carried out and these samples were used. The assay can detect mutations of p53 mRNA between codons 67 and 347 by the DNA-binding activity of the protein and reveal them as red colonies. RESULTS: One case of 47-year-old male gave 17% red colonies of @entity375 and the other 11 cases gave 5.4% (mean; range, 3-8%). To confirm this result, we obtained other nine samples from the case of 17% red colonies, which contained or did not contain @entity5 tissues, and analyzed them by the assay. Seven samples that were histologically negative for @entity5 cells gave 4.7% red colonies (mean; range, 1-7%). Two samples that were histologically positive for @entity5 cells gave 20 or 46% of red colonies. The p53 plasmids were recovered from the red colonies of these three samples showing high red colony ratios and were subjected to sequencing analysis after purification. In all these samples, the same clonal mutation of TGT ( @entity2569 ) 238 TAT (Tyr) was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TP53 mutation may be involved in molecular pathogenesis in a subset of @entity1567 , though it is infrequent.

title: Detection of TP53 mutation in @entity1567 by the use of a XXXX functional assay.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma', 'ameloblastomas']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To date, PROPELLER MRI, a breathing-motion-insensitive technique, has not been assessed for @entity9129 . We compared this technique to CT for assessing @entity9129 in @entity1 and adults. METHODS: Thirty-eight stable @entity1577 @entity1 (median 21 years, range 6-51 years, 22 female) underwent MRI and CT on the same day. Study protocol included respiratory-triggered PROPELLER MRI and volumetric CT end-inspiratory and -expiratory acquisitions. Two observers scored the images using the @entity1577 -MRI and @entity1577 -CT systems. Scores were compared with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI versus CT were calculated. RESULTS: MRI sensitivity for detecting severe @entity1577 @entity4595 was 0.33 (CI 0.09-0.57), while specificity was 100% (CI 0.88-1). ICCs for @entity4595 and trapped air were as follows: MRI- @entity4595 (0.79); @entity4595 (0.85); MRI-trapped air (0.51); CT-trapped air (0.87). Bland-Altman plots showed an MRI tendency to overestimate the severity of @entity4595 in mild @entity1577 and underestimate @entity4595 in severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: Motion correction in PROPELLER MRI does not improve assessment of @entity9129 compared to CT. However, the good inter- and intra-observer agreement and the high specificity suggest that MRI might play a role in the short-term follow-up of @entity9129 (i.e. pulmonary exacerbations). KEY POINTS: PROPELLER MRI does not match CT sensitivity to assess @entity9129 . PROPELLER MRI has lower sensitivity than CT to detect severe @entity4595 . PROPELLER MRI has good to very good intra- and inter-observer variability. PROPELLER MRI can be used for short-term follow-up studies in @entity1577 .

title: Assessment of XXXX using motion corrected PROPELLER MRI: a comparison with CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['CT-bronchiectasis', 'bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity9129 :: ('MESH:C563237', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease', 'CF lung disease']

answer: @entity9129 :: (MESH:C563237,Disease) :: ['CF lung disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis that the extent of corpus callosum injury indicates the depth of shearing lesions in the central brain structure and therefore relates to the clinical severity of @entity21 . METHODS: A simple and objective procedure for semiquantitative analysis of magnetic resonance images (MRI)-the maximum signal intensity ratio (MSIR)-was employed prospectively in 21 @entity1 with @entity21 but without apparent @entity130 . All were diagnosed using serial combination MRI scans of fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2* weighted gradient echo imaging during the initial two weeks after the injury. The signal intensity ratio between the two regions of interest-the corpus callosum and the normal appearing ventral pons-was calculated serially in mid-sagittal and parasagittal FLAIR image sections in each @entity1 . The MSIR during the study period was determined as a semiquantitative index of corpus callosum injury in each @entity1 . The correlations between MSIR and the duration of unconsciousness, Glasgow outcome scale at six months, and the presence of apparent @entity130 were investigated. RESULTS: The mean (SD) MSIR value was 1.12 (0.18) at 7.4 (3.1) days after the injury (n = 21). MSIR correlated strongly with the duration of unconsciousness (n = 19, R(2) = 0.74, p < 0.0001), and was higher in @entity1 with both an unfavourable GOS outcome (p = 0.020) and apparent @entity130 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MSIR, which is a simple and objective procedure for semiquantitative analysis of corpus callosum damage in @entity21 , correlated with clinical severity. A high MSIR value may indicate the presence of concomitant @entity130 .

title: Semiquantitative analysis of corpus callosum injury using magnetic resonance imaging indicates clinical severity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain injury', 'injury to the ventral pons']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['diffuse axonal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Norwegian population has among the highest @entity173 rates in the world. The incidence varies geographically, also within Norway. @entity460 in drinking water has been found to be beneficially associated with bone health in some studies, but not in all. In most previous studies, other minerals in water have not been taken into account. Trace minerals, for which drinking water can be an important source and even fulfill the daily nutritional requirement, could act as effect-modifiers in the association between @entity460 and @entity173 risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between @entity460 in drinking water and @entity173 , and whether other water minerals modified this association. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey of trace metals in 429 waterworks, supplying 64% of the population in Norway, was linked geographically to the home addresses of @entity1 with incident @entity173 (1994-2000). Drinking water mineral concentrations were divided into "low" (below and equal waterworks average) and "high" (above waterworks average). Poisson regression models were fitted, and all incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were adjusted for age, geographic region, urbanization degree, type of water source, and pH of the water. Effect modifications were examined by stratification, and interactions between @entity460 and @entity1760 , @entity920 , @entity219 , @entity68 and @entity921 were tested both on the multiplicative and the additive scale. Analyses were stratified on gender. RESULTS: Among those supplied from the 429 waterworks (2,110,916 @entity1 -years in @entity1 and 2,397,217 @entity1 -years in @entity1 ), 5433 @entity1 and 13,493 @entity1 aged 50-85years suffered a @entity173 during 1994-2000. Compared to low @entity460 in drinking water, a high level was associated with a 15% lower @entity173 risk in @entity1 ( @entity12623 =0.85, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.91) but no significant difference was found in @entity1 ( @entity12623 =0.98, 95%CI: 0.93-1.02). There was interaction between @entity460 and @entity920 on @entity173 risk in @entity1 (p=0.051); the association between @entity460 and @entity173 risk was stronger when the @entity920 concentration in water was high ( @entity12623 =0.52, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.78) as opposed to when it was low ( @entity12623 =0.88, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.94). This pattern persisted also after including potential confounding factors and other minerals in the model. No similar variation in risk was found in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In this large, prospective population study covering two thirds of the Norwegian population and comprising 19,000 @entity173 , we found an inverse association between @entity460 in drinking water and @entity173 risk in @entity1 . The association was stronger when the @entity920 concentration in the water was high.

title: Population data on @entity460 in drinking water and XXXX : An association may depend on other minerals in water. A NOREPOS study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture', 'hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: The present case will focus on the potential of hypoperfusion detection with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) using power Doppler harmonic imaging (PDHI). PDHI is normally performed in a triggered mode. Microbubbles were destroyed by the ultrasound energy in the myocardium, and myocardium has to be refilled with microbubbles within the time interval between the ultrasound pulses to obtain repetitive information about perfusion. Using the contrast agent Levovist, however, real-time PDHI also results in @entity296 presumably due to perfusion signals of the arteriolar microbubble passage. A 45-year-old @entity1 with typical stress-induced @entity951 was admitted to our department for cardiac catheterization. Prior to the angiography a conventional echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular function. Tissue Doppler, however, demonstrated @entity3057 shortening of the septal, anterior, and lateral wall regions. Myocardial contrast echocardiography with triggered PDHI showed complete opacification of the myocardium at rest. Using real-time PDHI with Levovist, the septum could not be opacified. The consecutive angiography documented a severe unprotected main @entity3979 . After angioplasty and stent implantation, MCE measurements were repeated. Repetitive intravenous bolus injections of Optison during triggered PDHI showed no differences to the investigation prior to the angioplasty. Using real-time PDHI with Levovist, however, there was a marked difference in comparison to the pre-interventional analysis. A complete opacification of the apical septum was observed. The present case suggests that different MCE techniques can analyze different compartments of the @entity296 in clinical practice. This methodological comparison between triggered and real-time PDHI shows obviously differences in the DI signal detection due to the different microbubble behavior. Clinicians should be aware of the potentials of MCE to improve noninvasive diagnostic procedures in @entity1 with @entity741 .

title: Myocardial contrast echocardiography for assessment of myocardial perfusion at rest in a @entity1 with left main XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial opacification', 'myocardial vasculature']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['postsystolic longitudinal']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cross reactivity between @entity11682 antimicrobials and @entity12698 in @entity1 with histories of @entity566 to @entity11682 antimicrobials. METHODS: Immunocompetent @entity1 with a history of @entity11682 antimicrobial allergy who were being considered for therapy with @entity12698 were prospectively enrolled. @entity207 and @entity206 skin prick and intradermal testing and/or an in vitro lymphocyte toxicity assay were performed. If skin testing was negative, an oral challenge with @entity207 and @entity206 was performed. Oral challenges with @entity12698 were administered to all @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-eight immunocompetent @entity1 (26 female; mean age 60 years) were evaluated. History of @entity11682 antimicrobial allergy included @entity110 (n = 7), @entity203 (n = 9), and other (n = 12). Four of the 28 @entity1 who were skin prick tested were positive to @entity207 and two of the ten @entity1 who underwent in vitro testing were positive to @entity207 . All 28 @entity1 were administered @entity12698 and tolerated the medication. Phone call follow up in 25 @entity1 disclosed that 15 @entity1 continued to take @entity12698 , while five @entity1 did not take @entity12698 following the oral challenge, and five discontinued @entity12698 due to adverse effects, lack of drug efficacy or physician preference. CONCLUSIONS: Confusion exists regarding the potential for cross reactivity between @entity11682 antimicrobials and other @entity11682 -containing compounds. The six @entity11682 -allergic @entity1 tolerated @entity12698 uneventfully. This pilot study supports the hypothesis that the potential for cross-reactivity between @entity12698 and @entity11682 antimicrobials appears to be low. However, further investigations are required to confirm this.

title: Safety of @entity12698 in individuals allergic to XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous eruptions']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfamethoxazole', 'sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity11682 :: (CHEBI:35358,Chemical) :: ['sulfonamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heart rate is a strong predictor of mortality and development of @entity28 and @entity6 . The @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system plays an important role in blood pressure control and volume homeostasis. Although many studies have indicated the association between @entity1369 and @entity101 or insulin resistance, epidemiological evidence of the association of heart rate with plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) remains scant. Therefore, we investigated whether heart rate is associated with PRA. METHODS: A total of 1,943 subjects were enrolled, who underwent a health examination in Tanushimaru in 2009. Plasma @entity916 and @entity1369 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. PRA and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were used by natural-log transformed. Resting heart rate was measured using electrocardiography. RESULTS: We divided the subjects into four groups by heart rate (<60/min, 60-69/min, 70-79/min, >= 80/ min), and analyzed an association between PRA and heart rate by analysis of covariance after adjustments for age and sex. The adjusted mean PRA and HOMA index showed a significant trend (P < 0.01) as higher heart rate, although there was no significant trend between @entity1369 and heart rate (P = 0.26). In multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, HOMA index, and @entity101 medication, PRA was positively and strongly associated with elevated heart rate (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This epidemiological study demonstrated that PRA, but not @entity1369 , is significantly and positively associated with higher resting heart rate in a general population.

title: Plasma XXXX Activity and Resting Heart Rate in a Population of Community-Dwelling Japanese: The Tanushimaru Study.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['Renin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are seriously subjected to @entity146 diseases during pregnancy and @entity308 is the most prevailing one among these diseases. There is a relation between the social support and @entity308 in pregnancy whose predisposing factors are genetic, psychological, biological, environmental, and hormonal. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the frequency of @entity308 symptoms, and its risk factors. Also it studied the correlation between social support and pregnancy @entity308 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 266 pregnant @entity1 selected by simple random method from all pregnant @entity1 admitted at the Maternity Hospital of Trabzon, @entity233 from May 21 to June 13, 2008. The data were collected with a questionnaire form, the Beck @entity308 inventory (BDI), and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). RESULTS: The mean BDI score of the pregnant @entity1 was 11.12    6.65. According to the BDI, 46.2% of the pregnant @entity1 had no @entity308 symptoms, 34.59% of them had mild, 13.91% had moderate, and 4.89% had severe level of @entity308 symptoms. It was found that such factors as the educational level of the pregnant @entity1 and their husbands, having an undesired pregnancy, suffering from a @entity102 before pregnancy, presence of pregnancy-related problems, having a @entity1 with disability or having relatives whose @entity1 had disability, and @entity287 during pregnancy were the risk factors affecting the severity of the @entity308 symptoms and these results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the mean MSPSS score was 67.89    14.26 and it was found that the pregnant @entity1 got the highest social support from their husbands. It was found that there was a significant correlation between BDI and MSPSS total score and its subscale scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, one-fifth of pregnant @entity1 were found to experience @entity308 , which require treatment during pregnancy, and the factors such as having no support from relatives was found to be associated with the severity of @entity308 during pregnancy.

title: Factors Affecting XXXX During Pregnancy and the Correlation Between Social Support and Pregnancy @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: A promising strategy for @entity5 treatment is adoptive gene therapy/immunotherapy by genetically modifying T cells with a chimeric T cell receptor (cTCR). When transduced T cells (T-bodies) specifically bind to @entity5 antigens through cTCR, they will become cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and lyse the @entity5 cells in a non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner. Both the @entity36587 -chain and the @entity12711 have been used to construct such cTCR, and both have shown specific cytolytic functions against @entity5 cells. However, most researchers believe that the zeta-chain generates stronger cytolytic activities against @entity5 than the gamma-chain and therefore would be a better candidate for cTCR construction. On the other hand, because of the lack of costimulation signaling in such constructs, the T-body might cause activation-induced T cell death (AICD) when bound to @entity5 antigens. Therefore, one can argue that the gamma-chain might generate less AICD than the zeta-chain because the gamma-chain has only one immunoreceptor @entity669 -based activation motif (ITAM), and the cytolytic activities can be therefore recycled. Two cTCR, GAHgamma and GAHzeta, were constructed and evaluated for cytokine production, specific cytolytic function and AICD in T-bodies after exposure to @entity5 cells. Using @entity5960 -positive LS174T @entity14 cells as targets, there was no substantial difference observed between a gamma-chain or zeta-chain as the T-body signaling moiety in terms of specific cytolytic functions and induced cytokine production. This paper also demonstrates that, in the absence of a costimulation system, @entity5 antigen may not trigger apoptosis of T cells transduced with a cTCR carrying either an @entity36587 -chain or a @entity12711 . These observations challenge current ideas about the role of ITAM in T cell activation.

title: Comparison of the @entity12711 with the XXXX -chain in chimeric TCR constructs for T cell activation and apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity36587 :: (2207,Gene) :: ['FcR gamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term results after circumferential @entity358 (CPVI) for the treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) using a @entity262 ( @entity262 ) have not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term results of @entity1 with @entity955 after CPVI using @entity262 . METHODS: In this study, 200 @entity1 (n = 151 (75.5%) male; median age 62.2 (54.7-67.7) years) with @entity955 were evaluated. In 100 @entity1 , @entity262 (RN-group) was used for CPVI and compared to 100 manually ablated control @entity1 (MN-group). Radiofrequency was used in conjunction with 3D electroanatomic mapping. Power was limited to 30 watts (W) at the posterior left atrial (LA) wall in the first 49 @entity262 @entity1 (RN-group-a). After esophageal perforation occurred in one RN-group-a @entity1 , maximum power was reduced to 20 W for the subsequent 51 @entity1 (RN-group-b). RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 2 years, single (77/100 vs 77/100, p = 0.89) and multiple (90/100 vs 93/100, p = 0.29) procedure success rates were comparable between RN-group and MN-group. Single procedure success rate was significantly lower in RN-group-a as compared to RN-group-b (65.3 vs 88.2%, p = 0.047). In RN-group-a @entity1 , procedural times [200 (170-230) vs 152 (132-200) minutes, p < 0.01] and fluoroscopy times [16.6 (12.9-21.6) minutes vs 13.7 (9.5-19) minutes, p = 0.043] were significantly longer compared to RN-group-b @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Long-term success rate after CPVI using @entity262 was comparable to manual ablation. Despite a lower power limit of 20 W at the posterior LA wall, single procedure success rate was higher in RN-group-b as compared to RN-group-a. Procedure time and fluoroscopy time decreased, whilst success rate increased with increasing experience in the RN-group.

title: Experience matters: long-term results of @entity358 using a XXXX for the treatment of @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['RNS', 'robotic navigation system']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'PAF']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['robotic navigation system']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Extended-field chemoradiation is typically used for the management of @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity5 . Given the low rate of skipped @entity3 above the inferior mesenteric artery, ilioinframesenteric dissection seems to be an acceptable pattern of paraaortic lymph node dissection (LND). Our objective is to compare the surgical morbidity of inframesenteric LND (IM-LND) with infrarenal LND (IR-LND). METHODS: In our center, all of the @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity5 and negative magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging at the paraaortic level were offered laparoscopic staging including a diagnostic laparoscopy followed, if negative, by an extraperitoneal paraaortic lymphadenectomy. From January 2011 to September 2015, we included @entity1 who had paraaortic LND from both common iliac bifurcations and divided them into 2 groups according to dissection pattern: to the inferior mesenteric artery (IM-LND) level or to the left renal vein (IR-LND) level. The perioperative and postoperative data were retrospectively recorded. RESULTS: A total of 119 @entity1 were included in our study: 56 in the IM-LND group and 63 in the IR-LND group. There was no difference in the @entity1 ' characteristics between groups. Regarding the surgical procedure, the operating time was shorter in the IM-LND group than the IR-LND group, 174    50 minutes versus 209    61 minutes (P = 0.001), respectively. There was no significant difference in intra- and @entity260 , overall survival, or progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, exclusive IM-LND surgery is faster than IR-LND and results in similar morbidity and survival rates. These results confirm the feasibility and the applicability of IM-LND to simplify the surgical procedure without impacting survival. More @entity1 should be included in the study to demonstrate the lower rate of morbidity.

title: Morbidity of Staging Inframesenteric Paraaortic Lymphadenectomy in Locally Advanced XXXX Compared With Infrarenal Lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity619 'matures' the @entity2434 (PC) composition of broncheoalveolar fluid in @entity1 at high risk of neonatal @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), either by increasing the proportion of @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ), expressed as a percentage of total PC (% @entity4748 ), or by increasing the ratio of @entity4748 to @entity37584 ( @entity4748 : @entity33170 ratio). DESIGN: Double blind, placebo controlled. SETTING AND @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 < 32 weeks' gestation, < 1250 g birth weight who were dependent on mechanical ventilation and requiring a fractional inspired @entity26 of > 0.30 at 12 days of chronological age. INTERVENTION: Randomisation to receive a two week reducing course of @entity619 base at an initial dose of 0.2 mg/kg three times a day, or equivalent volumes of normal saline, starting at 14 days. Eight @entity1 were randomised into each group. Broncheoalveolar lavage was performed serially throughout the study period or until extubation. PC composition of the fluid was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. OUTCOME MEASURES: The % @entity4748 and the @entity4748 : @entity33170 ratios were calculated for individual @entity1 for days -1 and 0 combined, days 1 and 3 combined, and days 5 and 7 combined. Analysis of covariance was used to analyse the results. RESULTS: The @entity4748 : @entity33170 ratio was significantly less in the treated group than the placebo group on days 1 and 3, and not greater as the hypothesis stated. Three out of five @entity1 treated with @entity619 and for whom data were available showed a substantial rise in @entity4748 : @entity33170 ratio on days 5/7, compared with the placebo group, but overall these changes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The data do not support the hypothesis that @entity619 's action in producing a clinical improvement within the first 72 hours of treatment for neonatal @entity1030 is by the 'maturation' of pulmonary surfactant PC.

title: Surfactant XXXX composition during @entity619 treatment in @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity37584 :: ('MESH:C028694', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease', 'CLD']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity2434 :: (MESH:D010713,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multicentric or multifocal @entity0 is considered a limitation for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). Studies showing that all quadrants of the breast drain via common afferent lymphatic channels indicate that @entity5 do not affect lymphatic drainage. We therefore assessed the accuracy of @entity1600 in @entity1 with multiple @entity0 . METHODS: Of the 942 @entity0 @entity1 who underwent @entity1600 using radioisotope at Asan Medical Center between January 2003 and December 2006, 803 had unifocal and 139 had @entity5 . Axillary dissection after @entity1600 was performed on 884 @entity1 , 757 with unifocal and 127 with @entity5 . All @entity1 underwent lymphatic scintigram for removal of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). The clinical characteristics and accuracy of @entity1600 was compared in @entity1 with unifocal and multiple @entity0 . RESULTS: In the multiple @entity5 group, 2.68 +/- 0.84 @entity1600 were identified in 136 of 139 @entity1 (identification rate, 97.84%); 81.5% of @entity1600 were identified by scintigram. The incidence of axillary metastases was 29.50% (41/139). @entity1600 accuracy was 97.63% (124/127), with a @entity2849 ( @entity2849 ) rate of 7.89% (3/38). In the unifocal group, 2.67 +/- 0.96 @entity1600 were identified in 787 of 803 @entity1 (identification rate, 98.00%); 84.8% of @entity1600 were identified by scintigram. The incidence of axillary metastasis was 22.04% (177/803). @entity1600 accuracy was 98.02% (742/757), with a @entity2849 rate of 8.62% (15/174). The accuracy and @entity2849 rate of @entity1600 did not differ significantly between unifocal and multiple @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The accuracy of @entity1600 in multiple @entity0 is comparable to its accuracy in @entity5 . These findings indicate that @entity1600 can be used an as alternative to complete axillary lymph node dissection in @entity1 with multiple @entity0 .

title: Sentinel node biopsy in XXXX with multiple @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['unifocal cancer', 'tumor', 'multiple tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node biopsy', 'sentinel lymph nodes', 'SLNB', 'SLNs']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['false negative', 'FN']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Perfusion CT of the liver typically involves scanning the liver at least 20 times, resulting in a large radiation dose. We developed and validated a simplified model of @entity5 blood supply that can be applied to standard triphasic scans and evaluated whether this can be used to distinguish benign and @entity409 . Triphasic CTs of 46 malignant and 32 benign @entity409 were analyzed. For each phase, regions of interest were drawn in the arterially enhancing portion of each lesion, as well as the background liver, aorta, and portal vein. Hepatic artery and portal vein blood supply coefficients for each lesion were then calculated by expressing the enhancement curve of the lesion as a linear combination of the enhancement curves of the aorta and portal vein. @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and hypervascular @entity3 , on average, both had @entity99 compared to the background liver. Compared to @entity157 , benign lesions, on average, had either a greater hepatic artery coefficient ( @entity2695 ) or a greater portal vein coefficient ( @entity4383 or transient hepatic attenuation difference). Hypervascularity with washout is a key diagnostic criterion for @entity157 , but it had a sensitivity of 72  % and specificity of 81  % for diagnosing @entity5 in our diverse set of @entity409 . The sensitivity for @entity5 was increased to 89  % by including enhancing lesions that were hypodense on all phases. The specificity for @entity5 was increased to 97  % (p   =   0.039) by also examining hepatic artery and portal vein blood supply coefficients, while maintaining a sensitivity of 76  %.

title: Classification of hypervascular XXXX based on hepatic artery and portal vein blood supply coefficients calculated from triphasic CT scans.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver lesions', 'liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['increased hepatic artery coefficients']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']