abstract: PURPOSE: There is no brief, global instrument available that specifically measures the psychosocial impact of pediatric @entity302 on the family. An 11-item scale was created for parents' use to evaluate the influence of @entity302 on the major aspects of their family and @entity1 's life. This will be a helpful tool both in the clinical setting and as an outcome measure for research studies. METHODS: Mothers rated their @entity1 's quality of life on a visual analogue scale (1-6) and completed the Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy Scale (IPES), which assesses the impact on academic achievement, participation in activities, health, relationships with family and with peers and siblings, social activities, self-esteem, and the caregiver's hopes for their @entity1 's future adapted from the scale developed by Jacoby. External validation was determined by comparison of the IPES with physicians' reports of the characteristics of the @entity1 's @entity302 and @entity16 and parents' ratings on the Family Environment Scale or Parenting Stress Index. In addition, each school-aged @entity1 completed the Piers-Harris @entity1 's Self-Concept Scale, Brother-Sister Questionnaire, and Loneliness Scale. Teachers of @entity1 completed the Academic Performance Rating Scale. Seven days later, retest reliability of the IPES was evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety-seven mothers of @entity1 aged 2-16 years completed the IPES and the appropriate family and age-related questionnaires. Internal validation on the IPES yielded a Cronbach's a for the scale of 0.92. A significant Pearson's correlation indicated that total scores were consistent over time (r = 0.81). Spearman's correlations for the individual items were also significant, ranging from 0.48 to 0.78. Significant Spearman's correlations also indicated that quality of life was negatively related to impact on each of the 11 items of psychosocial function. @entity1 with IPES scores above the median differed in some psychosocial aspects from those who scored below. Their parents were more stressed, their siblings were more respectful, they had lower self-esteem, and they experienced more emotional problems. Total impact was also significantly related to @entity410 frequency, total number of medications taken, number of visits to a physician in the previous year, and number of nights spent in hospital for neurological reasons. CONCLUSIONS: The IPES is an accurate, acceptable, and quick measurement tool that reflects the way in which childhood @entity302 has an impact on the @entity1 and on family life. It may be helpful in routine clinical care and may be useful in the research setting to find ways to improve the lives of @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: Impact of pediatric XXXX on the family: a new scale for clinical and research use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological limitations']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The effects of @entity9383 on casual blood pressure (BP) and circadian variations in 24-h blood pressure (24ABPM) were studied in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . Twenty-six @entity1 were enrolled in the study (mean age 59 plus minus 11 years). After a 4-week washout period, @entity1 , were treated with @entity9383 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg once a day until casual blood pressures become optimal within 8--10 weeks. The 24ABPM was performed before and after treatment at 30-min intervals using an ABPM-630 in @entity1 during usual daily activities on the work days. Measured BP was fitted to a periodic regression curve with 24-h and 12-h harmonics. @entity9383 significantly decreased casual blood pressure but had no effect on pulse rate. It exhibited an excellent antihypertensive effect throughout 24 h; this effect, however, was stronger during the day than at night, resulting in no excessive @entity551 . The level of the periodic regression curves for @entity551 was significantly decreased following treatment but that of the pulse rate was not affected by this drug. The drug caused changes in the pattern of the periodic regression curve for blood pressure and pulse rate. This was attributed to the more prominent antihypertensive effect of @entity9383 in the afternoon and evening. To evaluate the efficacy of this drug semiquantitatively, the hyperbaric indices were compared before and after the treatment, and those indices for both @entity551 were significantly decreased. Adverse effects occurred in four @entity1 (15.4%), all of which were mild and thought to be clinically insignificant. It was concluded that @entity9383 , 5--20 mg day(minus sign1), was considered to be useful for @entity1 with mild to moderate essential @entity101 .

title: Effect of XXXX on the Circadian Blood Pressure Pattern Evaluated by Periodic Analysis of Covariance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressures', 'nocturnal hypotension']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9383 :: ('MESH:C041125', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinapril', 'quinapril']

answer: @entity9383 :: (MESH:C041125,Chemical) :: ['Quinapril']


abstract: @entity135 ( @entity135 ) neurons fire selectively according to head orientation in the yaw plane relative to environmental landmark cues. @entity910 provoke optic field flow signals that enter the vestibular nuclei, indicating head velocity, and hence angular displacements. To test whether optic field flow alone affects the directional firing of @entity135 neurons, @entity35 walked about on a circular platform as a spot array was projected onto the surrounding floor-to-ceiling cylindrical black curtain. Directional responses in the anterodorsal thalamus of four @entity35 remained stable as they moved about with the point field but in the absence of landmark cues. Then, the spherical projector was rotated about its yaw axis at 4.5  /s for    90 s. In 27 sessions the mean drift speed of the preferred directions (PDs) was 1.48  /s (SD=0.78  /s; range: 0.15 to 2.88  /s). Thus, optic flow stimulation entrained PDs, albeit at drift speeds slower than the field rotation. This could be due to conflicts with vestibular, motor command, and efferent copy signals. After field rotation ended, 20/27 PDs drifted back to within 45   of the initial values over several minutes, generally following the shortest path to return to the initial value. Poststimulation drifts could change speed and/or direction, with mean speeds of 0.68  0.64  /s (range 0 to 1.36  /s). Since the @entity135 cell pathway (containing anterodorsal thalamus) is the only known projection of head direction information to entorhinal grid cells and hippocampal place cells, yaw plane optic flow signals likely influence representations in this spatial reference coordinate system for orientation and navigation.

title: Optic flow stimuli update anterodorsal thalamus head direction neuronal activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head direction', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Head movements']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is no consensus about the risk factors for @entity177 after elective or emergency colorectal surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that may contribute in anastomotic dehiscence. METHODS: A total of 208 @entity1 who underwent left colonic resection and primary @entity254 for @entity694 were studied. Preoperative and operative variables analyzed for each @entity1 were gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, comorbidities, indication for surgery, etiology of the disease, presence and grade of @entity298 , preoperative @entity1011 , hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leukocyte count, need for preoperative and operative transfusion. The end point was the clinical evident incidence of @entity834 . Bivariate comparisons of those @entity1 with or without @entity834 were unpaired, and all tests of significance were two-tailed. A multivariate analysis, in which presentation of @entity834 was the dependent outcome variable, was performed by forward stepwise logistic regression model. RESULTS: One hundred five @entity1 (50.4 percent) had one or more complications. @entity834 was diagnosed in 12 @entity1 (5.7 percent). Seventeen @entity1 (8.2 percent) needed a reoperation for complication. The overall mortality was 6.2 percent (13 @entity1 ). Obesity was significant as a predictor of @entity834 . CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is a factor predicting @entity834 risk after resection and primary @entity254 for left-sided @entity694 .

title: Anastomotic dehiscence after resection and primary @entity254 in left-sided XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic emergencies', 'distal colonic emergencies']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic emergencies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To show how @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) surveillance not only identifies settings of exposure representing past industrial history, but it may also detect conditions of current exposure relevant for the prevention, if the wide spectrum of @entity1355 uses is considered. DESIGN: Active search of @entity3620 cases and exposure assessment at individual level through a questionnaire; identification of exposure circumstances relevant for prevention. SETTING AND @entity1 : Italy, all the Regions where a Regional Operating Centre (COR) is established to identify all @entity3620 cases diagnosed in the population and analyze their occupational, residential, household and environmental histories. Period of diagnosis: 1993-2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Descriptive analysis of @entity3620 cases and of @entity1355 exposures. RESULTS: ReNaM includes 15,845 cases of @entity3620 diagnosed between 1993 and 2008.The male/female ratio is 2.5. Mean age at diagnosis is 69 years. Pleural MMs represent 93% of all cases. Exposures have been investigated in 12,065 cases (76%). The median latency time is 46 years. In addition to clusters of @entity3620 cases in activities well known to entail @entity1355 use, different current exposure circumstances requiring intervention have been evidenced. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this experience, epidemiological surveillance of all occupational @entity5 should be implemented to foster synergies with the compensation system and the Local Health Authorities' occupational safety and health services, as required by the Italian Legislative Decree N. 81/2008.

title: [Epidemiologic surveillance of mesothelioma for the prevention of XXXX exposure also in non-traditional settings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestos']


abstract: Telomere maintenance can occur in the absence of telomerase by a mechanism referred to as @entity10205 ( @entity10205 ). @entity10205 is considered to be rare in @entity5 of epithelial origin. The biological significance and molecular mechanism of @entity10205 have not been well studied in @entity1 @entity5 . It has been reported that clinical samples of @entity1636 show a low incidence of telomerase positivity. We characterized an @entity1636 cell line, H295R, focusing on the telomere maintenance mechanism, and compared it with telomerase-positive 293 cells and HeLa cells. Telomerase activity could not be detected in H295R cells by the TRAP assay. Among the essential components of the telomerase holoenzyme, only @entity2215 expression was undetectable by RT-PCR, indicating that the lack of telomerase activity is due to suppression of @entity2215 . H295R cells had long and heterogeneous telomere DNA, and FISH revealed large nuclear bodies in a few interphase nuclei, which presumably represented @entity10205 -associated @entity15629 bodies. These results suggest that H295R cells have the @entity10205 phenotype. Several proteins that are possibly associated with the telomere maintenance mechanism were examined. @entity7071 and @entity7072 were expressed in H295R cells as well as in 293 cells and HeLa cells. The ratio of @entity6746 B1 to A2 was higher in H295R cells than in 293 cells and HeLa cells. In conclusion, the H295R @entity1636 cell line is negative for telomerase and maintains its telomeres by the @entity10205 mechanism. We anticipate that H295R cells will be a good model for understanding the significance and mechanism of @entity10205 in @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Alternative lengthening of telomeres in the XXXX @entity1636 cell line H295R.

entities_list: @entity10205 :: ('MESH:C536801', 'Disease') :: ['ALT', 'alternative lengthening of telomeres']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity480 ( @entity480 ) are characterized by intense @entity4 or formation of @entity9007 filled with plasma proteins, mainly albumin. However, the mechanisms underlying NP retention of plasma proteins in their submucosa remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that formation of a fibrin mesh retains plasma proteins in @entity480 . We assessed the @entity527 and expression of the components of the fibrinolytic system in @entity1 with @entity102 ( @entity102 ). METHODS: We assessed @entity527 in nasal tissue from @entity1 with @entity102 and control subjects by means of immunofluorescence. Fibrinolytic components, d-dimer, and plasminogen activators were measured using ELISA, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. We also performed gene expression and protein quantification analysis in cultured airway epithelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Immunofluorescence data showed profound @entity527 in NP compared with uncinate tissue (UT) from @entity1 with @entity102 and control subjects. Levels of the cross-linked fibrin cleavage product protein, d-dimer, were significantly decreased in NP compared with UT from @entity1 with @entity102 and control subjects, suggesting reduced fibrinolysis (P < 0.05). Expression levels of @entity3479 ) mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in NP compared with UT from @entity1 with @entity102 and control subjects (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated clear reduction of @entity1456 in NP, primarily in the epithelium and glands. Th2 cytokine-stimulated cultured airway epithelial cells showed down-regulation of @entity1456 , suggesting a potential Th2 mechanism in NP. CONCLUSIONS: A Th2-mediated reduction of @entity1456 might lead to excessive @entity527 in the submucosa of NP, which might contribute to the tissue remodeling and pathogenesis of @entity102 with @entity480 .

title: Excessive @entity527 in XXXX caused by fibrinolytic impairment through reduction of @entity1456 expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['fibrin deposition']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal polyps', 'NPs', 'nasal polyps']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if health care providers at one district hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, possess the training and confidence necessary to attend to basic needs for @entity1 resuscitation. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Mbagathi District Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, a 300-bed, government district-level health care facility serving over one million Kenyans. SUBJECTS: 21 medical officers, clinical officers, medical officer and clinical officer interns, and nurses. MEASUREMENTS: An investigator-designed survey, the Self Assessment of Clinical Skills, designed to assess training and level of confidence in addressing basic resuscitation, was administered. MAIN RESULTS: 80% of respondents have been taught how to maintain a patent airway, but 22% felt less than confident in their ability. Nearly two thirds (62%) of respondents had not been trained to use a pulse oximeter. 100% of respondents felt they would benefit from additional training in airway and pulse oximetry assessment. While 90% reported that they had been taught to treat @entity551 and 76% had experience treating @entity551 , only 62% felt confident in their ability to treat @entity551 . 95% desired additional training in @entity551 management. 85% wanted additional training in measuring blood pressure, and every respondent desired additional training in the other circulatory monitoring skills listed on the survey. CONCLUSIONS: Providers of the Mbagathi District Hospital, Nairobi, report a lack of confidence in recognizing basic resuscitation needs, and they desire additional training.

title: A basic needs assessment of Kenyan health care practitioners' training and ability in providing resuscitation management for XXXX in Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Most @entity1 with @entity2346 media with effusion (OME) recover spontaneously before adolescence. However, some @entity1 have refractory OME. This study was undertaken to evaluate eustachian tube function and concurrent upper respiratory tract inflammatory conditions in adolescents with refractory OME. METHODS: A group of 83 adolescent @entity1 with refractory OME was identified. Ages range from 10 to 20 years. A control group of 108 @entity1 with OME (ages 4 to 9) serve as the basis for comparison. All underwent both passive and active eustachian tube function testing, dye clearance studies, and a sniffing test. Upper @entity11127 was assessed by roentgenograms of the paranasal sinuses and mucosalivary function. RESULTS: High-pressure tubal opening was demonstrated in 31% of @entity1 with refractory OME. In contrast, 84% of @entity1 with routine OME had normal opening. A marked disturbance of dye clearance was noted in refractory OME cases. Active tubal function during swallowing was disturbed in both adolescent and @entity1 's OME groups without any significant difference between them. Paranasal @entity1244 was identified in 49% of adolescents with refractory OME. In contrast, 78% of @entity1 with OME had abnormality of the sinuses. CONCLUSION: Approximately one half of adolescents with refractory OME have demonstrable organic abnormality of the eustachian tube. These data suggest @entity409 may be more important in refractory OME than upper @entity11127 .

title: @entity2346 media with effusion from viewpoints of @entity409 and nasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['tubal dysfunction']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: @entity788 is one of the @entity5 due to early rapid @entity3 and chemoresistance. Recently, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity788 . To understand the role of @entity5689 ( @entity3895 -1) in EMT, we over-expressed @entity3895 -1 in a @entity788 cell line, Panc 10.05, that does not normally express @entity3895 -1. Here, we show that @entity3895 -1 expression in @entity788 cells induces an epithelial phenotype and promotes cell-cell contact, with increased expression of plasma membrane bound @entity5962 and @entity3546 . Mechanistically, @entity3895 -1 induces Snail downregulation and decreased activation of AKT, MAPK and TGF-beta-Smad signaling pathways. In vitro, @entity3895 -1 expression reduces cell migration and invasion, and attenuates @entity632 -chemoresistance of @entity788 cells. Importantly, in vivo studies revealed that @entity3895 -1 expression greatly suppresses @entity5 formation in a xenograft model. Most interestingly, Panc/ @entity3895 -1 @entity5 displayed organized nests of differentiated cells that were totally absent in control @entity5 . Confirming our in vitro results, these nests of differentiated cells showed reexpression of @entity5962 and @entity3546 at the cell membrane. Thus, we provide evidence that @entity3895 -1 functions as a crucial modulator of EMT and cell differentiation in @entity788 .

title: XXXX promotes @entity788 cell differentiation and restores membranous @entity5962 via suppression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deadliest cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5689 :: (857,Gene) :: ['Caveolin-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree and duration of @entity158 relief provided by specific @entity158 treatments used by individuals with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) who have @entity1118 . DESIGN: Postal survey. SETTING: Community. @entity1 : @entity1 were 117 individuals who had traumatic @entity1566 , were 18 years of age or older, and reported a @entity1118 problem. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Questions assessing current or past use of 26 different @entity158 treatments, the amount of relief each treatment provided, and the length of time that any @entity158 relief usually lasts. RESULTS: The medications tried most often were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tried by 71%) and @entity1443 (tried by 70%); these medications were still being used by more than one half of the @entity1 who had tried them. Opioids produced the greatest degree of @entity158 relief on average (mean, 6.27 +/- 3.05 [SD] on a 0-10 scale, with 0 = no relief and 10 = complete relief) but were unlikely to be continued by those who tried them. Although 38% of respondents with @entity158 had tried gabapentin, only 17% were still using it, and average @entity158 relief was only moderate (mean, 3.32 +/- 3.03 on the 0-10 relief scale). Seventy-three percent of the respondents had tried at least 1 of 7 alternative @entity158 treatments, and the most frequently tried were massage, @entity835 , and acupuncture. The most relief was provided by massage (mean, 6.05 +/- 2.47] on the 0-10 relief scale) and @entity835 (mean, 6.62 +/- 2.54 on the 0-10 relief scale). The relief from the various treatments, including most medications, tended to last only minutes or hours; however, @entity158 relief from alternative treatments such as massage, acupuncture, and hypnosis was reported to last for days in 25% to 33% of those who tried these treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 are not finding adequate @entity158 relief from commonly prescribed medications. Alternative therapies should be considered as additional treatment options in this population.

title: Treatments for @entity1118 in XXXX with @entity1566 : A survey study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['marijuana']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: Three free-ranging Florida panthers ( @entity6396 coryi) were diagnosed with clinical @entity4013 ; two were infected with @entity12736 , and one was infected with @entity14955 . Two of these panthers were juvenile males that were diagnosed with focal to focally coalescing @entity4013 ; one caused by @entity14955 and the other by @entity12736 . These animals were not treated, and clinical signs resolved spontaneously over 6 mo. The third panther, an adult male from southern Florida, presented with a @entity4013 due to @entity12736 infection. Initially, the panther had @entity1665 , excoriations, @entity1066 , and multifocal @entity6793 of the head, ears, neck, rear limbs, and abdominal region that progressed to lichenification of the skin and loss of nails from two digits. When topical therapy applied in the field at 45-day intervals was ineffective in clearing the infection, the animal was placed in captivity for intensive oral therapy to prevent further development of @entity3217 , loss of additional nails, and spread of infection to other panthers. The panther was treated orally with @entity2059 (9.5 mg/ kg) in the food s.i.d. for 6 wk. After treatment, nail regrowth occurred but the multifocal areas of @entity1665 remained. The panther was released back into the wild after two skin biopsy cultures were negative for fungal growth. Temporary removal of a free-ranging animal of an endangered species from its habitat for systemic treatment of @entity4013 requires consideration of factors such as age, reproductive potential, holding facilities, treatment regimen, and the potential for successful reintroduction of the animal.

title: Dermatophyte infections in free-ranging Florida panthers ( XXXX coryi).

entities_list: @entity14955 :: ('63402', 'Species') :: ['Microsporum gypseum', 'M. gypseum']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis', 'diffuse dermatophytosis']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['dermal mycosis']

entities_list: @entity6396 :: ('9696', 'Species') :: ['Felis concolor']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['T. mentagrophytes', 'Trichophyton mentagrophytes']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity6396 :: (9696,Species) :: ['Felis concolor']


abstract: Previous studies assessing the relationship between embryo development, maternal age and @entity2008 were either small or analysed mostly embryos not suitable for replacement. The present study includes >6000 embryos, including many suitable for replacement. Embryos with the best morphology and development were 44% euploid in @entity1 younger than 35, decreasing to 21% in @entity1 41 and older. The worst morphology group had only 30% normal embryos from @entity1 younger than 35, and 12% in embryos from @entity1 41 and older. Thus morphological analysis was able to improve the population of normal embryos only from 30 to 44% in the best of cases. Regarding specific abnormalities, 20% of embryos were aneuploid, 32% aneuploid plus other abnormalities, and the rest had post-meiotic abnormalities. Of those, only aneuploidy increased with maternal age. There were no big differences in the frequency of @entity2008 depending on @entity1 indication, within a similar age group. In summary, previous trends detected in suboptimal embryos were also confirmed in the best embryos for replacement. Although @entity4238 and advanced maternal age are both related to @entity2008 , these parameters can yield at most <50% euploid embryos, and other techniques such as preimplantation diagnosis are required to ensure that only euploid embryos are replaced.

title: Maternal age, morphology, development and XXXX in over 6000 cleavage-stage embryos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphism']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosome abnormalities']


abstract: We examined effects of prior @entity1763 and reventilation on pial arteriolar responses to arterial @entity2944 , topical application of @entity1928 , and topical application of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) in newborn @entity1707 . Piglets were anesthetized and ventilated with a respirator. Pial arteriolar diameter was determined using a closed cranial window and intravital microscopy. After baseline diameter was determined, the respirator was turned off for 10 min. Then the respirator was turned on, and the piglet was ventilated for 4 h. At 1, 2, and 4 h after @entity1763 , arteriolar diameter was determined during control conditions and during arterial @entity2944 (inspiration of 10% @entity515 in air; n = 4), topical application of 2.4 x 10(-8) M @entity1928 (n = 6), and topical application of 10(-5) M @entity143 (n = 6). At 1 h after @entity1763 , arterial @entity2944 dilated pial arterioles by 39 +/- 3%, topical @entity1928 dilated pial arterioles by 24 +/- 3%, and @entity143 dilated pial arterioles by 10 +/- 1%. For arterial @entity2944 and @entity1928 application, arteriolar responses were not different from 1 h at 2 and 4 h postasphyxia. In contrast, for @entity143 , arteriolar responses were greater at 2 h (23 +/- 6%) and 4 h (30 +/- 5%) than at 1 h. In time-control animals, @entity143 dilated arterioles by 20 +/- 5% at 1 h, by 24 +/- 8% at 2 h, and by 21 +/- 4% at 4 h (n = 5). @entity3352 administration (5 mg/kg iv) before @entity1763 resulted in a 23 +/- 3% arteriolar dilation in response to @entity143 at 1 h (n = 7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Altered cerebrovascular responsiveness to @entity1024 after XXXX in piglets.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['asphyxia']


abstract: "Occult" or "hidden" caries refers to occlusal caries which is not diagnosed clinically because the occlusal surface appears ostensibly intact, and radiographs show radiolucencies in dentin. The prevalence of @entity1547 has been reported to range from 2.2% to over 50% of permanent molars. In spite of its relatively high prevalence, the etiology and pathogenesis of @entity1547 remain unclear. The author hypothesizes that @entity75 could have resulted from processes which are pre-eruptive or post-eruptive. Pre-eruptive processes include intracoronal resorption of unerupted teeth, and the post-eruptive process is occlusal fissure caries. Although the prevalence of intracoronal resorption has been shown to be around 3-6% by subject and 0.5-2% by teeth, the percentage contribution of this process to the overall prevalence of @entity1547 is unclear. When affected teeth are fully erupted, it is difficult to determine if pre-eruptive resorption had been present previously. The prevalence of @entity75 does not appear to be affected by @entity1388 exposure. Radiographs are useful adjuncts to aid in the diagnosis of @entity75 . Bitewing radiographs are useful for detecting early occlusal fissure caries while panorex radiographs of unerupted developing teeth aid in the diagnosis of pre-eruptive intracoronal lesions. It is suggested that all unerupted, developing teeth on radiographs be examined for pre-eruptive resorptive lesions.

title: Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption as an entity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['occult lesions']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['occult caries']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['occult caries']


abstract: @entity3409 is a dangerous metal distributed widely in the environment. Members of our laboratory recently identified the @entity42054 transporter protein, encoded by the @entity19 @entity42054 gene, to be responsible for genetic differences in response to @entity3409 damage of the testis. Stable retroviral infection of the @entity42054 cDNA in @entity19 fetal fibroblast cultures (rvZIP8 cells) leads to as much as a 10-fold increase in the rate of intracellular @entity3409 influx and accumulation. In the present study, we showed that @entity3409 uptake operated maximally at pH 7.5 and a temperature of 37 degrees C and was inhibited by @entity3789 . Of more than a dozen cations tested, @entity3281 was the best competitive cation for @entity3409 uptake. The Km for @entity3280 uptake was 0.62 microM, and the Km for @entity3281 uptake was 2.2 microM; thus, @entity921 is probably the physiological substrate for @entity42054 . @entity3409 uptake was independent of @entity1372 , @entity972 or @entity2865 ions, but strongly dependent on the presence of @entity3157 . By Western blot analysis of rvZIP8 cells, we showed that @entity42054 protein was glycosylated. Using Z-stack confocal microscopy in Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney polarized epithelial cells, we found that @entity42054 was localized on the apical side-implying an important role for @entity921 or @entity3409 uptake and disposition. It is likely that @entity42054 is a @entity3281 / @entity3157 - symporter, that a @entity3157 - gradient across the plasma membrane acts as the driving force for @entity921 uptake, and that @entity3409 is a rogue hitchhiker displacing @entity921 to cause @entity3409 -associated disease.

title: XXXX , member of the solute-carrier-39 (SLC39) metal-transporter family: characterization of transporter properties.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate', 'HCO3']

entities_list: @entity3409 :: ('MESH:D002104', 'Chemical') :: ['Cadmium', 'cadmium']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity42054 :: (67547(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ZIP8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore a new method for the pre-degeneration of peripheral nerve in vitro for obtaining many effective Schwann cells so as to provide a large number of seed cells for the research and application of tissue engineered nerves. METHODS: The bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) from transgenic green fluorescent protein C57BL/6 @entity19 and the sciatic nerve segments from the C57BL/6 @entity19 were co-cultured to prepare the @entity528 in vitro (experimental group, group A), and only sciatic nerve was cultured (control group, group B). At 7 days after culture, whether BMDCs can permeate into the sciatic nerve in vitro for pre-degeneration was observed by gross and immunohistofluorescence staining. And then Schwann cells were obtained from the sciatic nerves by enzymic digestion and cultured. The cell number was counted, and then the purity of primary Schwann cells was determined using immunohistofluorescence staining and flow cytometer analysis. RESULTS: At 7 days after pre-degeneration, gross observation showed that enlargement was observed at nerve @entity9 , and @entity2950 -like structure formed; the group A was more obvious than group B. Immunohistofluorescence staining showed many BMDCs permeated into the nerve segments, with positive @entity11496 staining in group A. After culture, the yield of Schwann cells was (5.59 +/- 0.19) x 10(4) /mg in group A and (3.20 +/-0.21) x 10(4)/mg in group B, showing significant difference (t=2.14, P=0.03). At 48 hours after inoculation, the cells had blue bipolar or tripolar cell nuclei with small size and red soma by immunohistofluorescence staining; fibroblasts were flat polygonal with clear nucleus and nucleolus, showing negative @entity20384 staining; and there were few of fibroblasts in group A. The purity of Schwann cells was 88.4% +/- 5.8% in group A and 76.1% +/-3.7% in group B, showing significant difference (t=2.38, P=0.04). And the flow cytometer analysis showed that the purity was 89.6% in group A and 74.9% in group B. CONCLUSION: BMDCs can promote the pre-degeneration of peripheral nerve in vitro, and it is a new method to effectively obtain Schwann cells for tissue engineered nerve.

title: [Bone marrow derived cells promoting XXXX in vitro].

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['pre-degeneration of sciatic nerve']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['stumps']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['pre-degeneration of sciatic nerve']


abstract: A very sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for @entity1 alpha atrial natriuretic peptide ( @entity8224 ) and a novel extraction method for @entity8224 , have been developed. Antiserum to @entity8224 showed no cross-reactivity with related analogues (e.g., brain natriuretic peptide). The radioimmunoassay can detect 1.2 fmol @entity8224 /assay tube. Using a commercially available tracer, the antiserum binds 0.7 fmol of radioligand at a final dilution of 1:96,000. Production of @entity8224 tracer, using 125I, Iodogen and reversed-phase HPLC separation, produces two products. The first has identical properties to the commercial reagent resulting in an identical antibody titre. The second, however, is more reactive with the antiserum which can be employed at a final dilution of 1:192K. These products represent oxidised and reduced peptides, respectively, inferring that the commercial tracer is oxidised. The recovery of synthetic @entity8224 from plasma over the range of 0-1000 ng/l through Sep-Pak C18 cartridges, using an extraction method of @entity1543 - @entity1626 (4:96) was 89%. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were 9.5% and 8.2%, respectively. The radioimmunoassay was validated in @entity1 by measuring plasma @entity8224 (ng/l) following change of posture and exercise in normal @entity1 . Plasma @entity8224 rose from 13.2 (1.0; S.D.) to 20.1 (1.6) from supine to sitting position. Plasma @entity8224 increased to 20.1 (1.6) at rest (sitting) to 34 (2.7) ng/l at peak of exercise, but decreased from 31.2 (2.5) to 21.4 (0.1) ng/l at 3 and 6 min after exercise, respectively. These results confirm that the assay is capable of differentiating changes of concentrations within the physiological range.

title: Extraction of XXXX alpha atrial natriuretic peptide and its physiological validation.

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The role of changes in preload in maintaining stable hemodynamics during coronary obstruction was assessed in the presence of @entity741 due to occlusions of the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) and left circumflex (LCX) coronary arteries. Changes in preload (mean left atrial pressure) to maintain a constant @entity64 volume after @entity1563 were examined in 18 anesthetized @entity235 ( @entity1347 occlusion in 9 @entity235 , LCX occlusion in 9 @entity235 ). The level of @entity63 was assessed sonomicrometrically. Ventricular function curves relating left atrial pressure to @entity64 volume were assessed during a control state and after 1 min of @entity1563 . The extent of preload reserve after @entity1563 was examined on the ventricular function curves and was defined as the change in mean left atrial pressure required to maintain @entity64 volume at the level of the control state under conditions of regional @entity63 . Ischemic size was determined by a stereo-angiogram after the animals were sacrificed. The extent of preload reserve (X) was linearly related to the @entity63 size (Y) in both @entity1347 (Y = 0.90 + 0.16X, r = 0.76, p < 0.001) and LCX (Y = -1.79 + 0.19X, r = 0.79, p < 0.001) occlusions. The slopes of the regression lines in @entity1347 and LCX occlusions were the same. The X intercepts of these lines were -5.6% and 9.4% of the left ventricular weight in @entity1347 and @entity63 (p < 0.001), respectively. Thus, the presence of systolic wall motion abnormalities due to @entity1563 can be compensated for hemodynamically by changes in the preload reserve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessment of preload reserve in XXXX --the relation between preload reserve and @entity63 size differs between anterior descending and circumflex @entity1563 in a @entity235 model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic', 'LCX ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity73 is an unavoidable feature of @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ), a @entity74 due to the triplication of @entity1 chromosome 21. @entity1467 is associated with alterations of neurogenesis, neuron maturation and connectivity that are already present at prenatal life stages. Recent evidence shows that pharmacotherapies can have a large impact on the trisomic brain provided that they are administered perinatally. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), the major @entity3978 of green tea, performs many actions in the brain, including inhibition of @entity38756 , a kinase that is over-expressed in the @entity1467 brain and contributes to the @entity1467 phenotype. Young adults with @entity1467 treated with @entity3090 exhibit some cognitive benefits, although these effects disappear with time. We deemed it extremely important, however, to establish whether treatment with @entity3090 at the initial stages of brain development leads to plastic changes that outlast treatment cessation. In the current study, we exploited the @entity20213 @entity19 model of @entity1467 in order to establish whether pharmacotherapy with @entity3090 during peak of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) enduringly restores hippocampal development and memory performance. Euploid and @entity20213 @entity19 were treated with @entity3090 from postnatal day 3 (P3) to P15. The effects of treatment were examined at its cessation (at P15) or after one month (at P45). We found that at P15 treated trisomic pups exhibited restoration of neurogenesis, total hippocampal granule cell number and levels of pre- and postsynaptic proteins in the DG, hippocampus and neocortex. However, at P45 none of these effects were still present, nor did treated @entity20213 @entity19 exhibit any improvement in hippocampus-dependent tasks. These findings show that treatment with @entity3090 carried out in the neonatal period rescues numerous @entity75 . However, even during this, the most critical time window for hippocampal development, @entity3090 does not elicit enduring effects on the hippocampal physiology.

title: Short- and long-term effects of neonatal pharmacotherapy with @entity3089 on hippocampal development in the @entity20213 XXXX model of @entity1467 .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive disability']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['trisomy-linked brain alterations']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: An investigation was carried out to define the ontogeny of normal @entity19 mammary gland responsiveness to the proliferative effects of @entity172 (E) and/or @entity1420 (P). Since hormone receptors for both @entity172 (ER) and @entity1420 ( @entity1061 ) are present in both epithelial and stromal cells, we have investigated how the effects of E and P are related to the presence of receptor activity in the epithelium and stroma. Intact or ovariectomized @entity19 , between 3 days and 10 weeks of age, were used to study the effects of E and/or P on DNA synthesis, as determined by DNA histoautoradiography; the cellular distribution of ER and @entity1061 was investigated by @entity134 autoradiography. The results indicate that the mammary gland sequentially acquires the ability to respond to the stimulatory effects of E and/or P. In the early postnatal period (3-14 days) neither hormone was effective. Both epithelial and stromal cells first became responsive to E at 3-4 weeks of age. @entity172 receptors were first detected in stromal cells at 5 days of age and in epithelial cells at 2 weeks of age. Thus, the acquisition of @entity172 responsiveness did not appear to be tightly coupled to the presence of ER in either epithelial or stromal cells. In contrast, responsiveness to P was acquired significantly later, at 7 weeks of age, and was closely linked to the presence of E-inducible @entity1061 in epithelial cells. P caused a highly synergistic effect on epithelial cell DNA synthesis when combined with E, providing further support for the concept that the major proliferative effect of P is mediated via E-inducible @entity1061 . @entity1061 were also present in stromal cells, but the proliferative effect of P in that cell type was not correlated with the presence of @entity1061 .

title: The ontogeny of XXXX mammary gland responsiveness to ovarian @entity134 hormones.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common cause of a sudden onset of @entity158 with @entity892 in an otherwise healthy adult is @entity6436 . However, there are other conditions that mimic this presentation and must be ruled out with laboratory testing and imaging studies. CASE REPORT: A 41-year-old Hawaiian @entity1 sought treatment for an acute, progressive, @entity158 , left @entity4610 without exophthalmos. During the next week, a @entity393 and associated pupillary reaction, decreased visual acuity, color vision deficits, and a paracentral @entity1019 developed. CT and MRI revealed a mass in the orbital apex. All systemic findings were negative, and high-dose systemic @entity134 therapy was initiated. Symptoms resolved within hours of the first dose, and signs were completely absent 1 month later. Follow-up MRI revealed complete absence of the previously noted mass. CONCLUSION: This is an atypical case of @entity6436 , since there was no exophthalmos. It was diagnosed by clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging studies, and response to therapy.

title: XXXX : case report and overview.

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity6436 :: ('MESH:D016727', 'Disease') :: ['orbital pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful proptosis', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of accommodation']

answer: @entity6436 :: (MESH:D016727,Disease) :: ['Orbital pseudotumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administration of conventional antithrombotic treatment (low-dose @entity117 plus low-molecular weight heparin [LDA+ @entity6971 ]) for @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) does not prevent life-threatening placenta insufficiency-associated complications such as @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) and @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) in 20% of patients. Statins have been linked to improved pregnancy outcomes in mouse models of @entity1468 and @entity1701 , possibly due to their protective effects on endothelium. Here, we investigated the use of @entity8673 in LDA+ @entity6971 -refractory @entity1701 in patients at an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: We studied 21 pregnant women with @entity1701 who developed @entity1468 and/or @entity1592 during treatment with LDA+ @entity6971 . A control group of 10 patients received only LDA+ @entity6971 . Eleven patients received @entity8673 (20 mg/d) in addition to LDA+ @entity6971 at the onset of @entity1468 and/or @entity1592 . Uteroplacental blood hemodynamics, progression of @entity1468 features ( @entity101 and @entity644 ), and fetal/neonatal outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: In the control group, all deliveries occurred preterm and only 6 of 11 neonates survived. Of the 6 surviving neonates, 3 showed abnormal development. Patients who received both @entity8673 and LDA+ @entity6971 exhibited increased placental blood flow and improvements in @entity1468 features. These beneficial effects were observed as early as 10 days after @entity8673 treatment onset. @entity8673 treatment combined with LDA+ @entity6971 was also associated with live births that occurred close to full term in all patients. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that @entity8673 may improve pregnancy outcomes in women with refractory obstetric @entity1701 when taken at the onset of @entity1468 or @entity1592 until the end of pregnancy.

title: @entity8673 improves pregnancy outcomes in XXXX refractory to antithrombotic therapy.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin', 'Pravastatin']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: The present studies examined the effects of @entity5132 @entity375 and hyphal morphologies on tissue pathologies and transmigration properties of the fungus in two experimental models: 1) an in vivo, neonatal @entity35 model, and 2) a cell culture model of @entity1 brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) (BMVEC). We inoculated a hyphae-producing strain (CAI4-URA3) and a non-hyphae-producing strain (CAI4) of @entity5132 into 4-10 day old @entity35 and BMVEC cultures. Animals were inoculated by intraperitonal (i.p.), intranasal (i.n.), oral (p.o.) and intracerebral (i.c.) routes and several tissues were examined after 24-48 hrs. @entity35 inoculated i.p. with the hyphae-producing strain showed pathology in the kidneys, liver, spleen, and other tissues associated with inoculation tracks of the nose, and muscle and connective tissues of the abdominal wall. Few animals inoculated i.p., however, presented evidence of @entity693 . The non-hyphae phase @entity375 produced neither tissue pathology nor @entity693 . Animals inoculated i.c. with the hyphae strain after 1 and 3 hrs expressed minimal @entity693 , with an increasing @entity693 between 4 and 18 hrs after inoculation. At 18 hrs after i.c. inoculation, however, the inflammatory foci and brain pathology were extensive and demonstrated mycelia within the lateral ventricles associated with @entity39 of adjacent brain tissue. @entity693 at this time period was pronounced. BMVEC co-cultured 1-2 hrs with both @entity5132 strains showed EC phagocytosis of hyphae and blastospores into intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-labeled caveolae suggesting a transcellular role for ICAM-1 in the internalization process of @entity5132 .

title: The histopathology of @entity5132 invasion in neonatal XXXX tissues and in the @entity1 blood-brain barrier in culture revealed by light, scanning, transmission and immunoelectron microscopy.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophillic meningitis', 'Neutrophillic meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Recombinant @entity1 (rh) @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) has demonstrated antitumor immunologic activity in prostate and other @entity5 . Dosing has been empiric, and biomarkers of effect have not been established. Eight @entity1 with biochemical relapse of @entity263 were randomized into group A, in which they received rhGM-CSF at 250   g/m days 1-14 of a 28-day cycle, and 8 were randomized into group B, in which they received 250   g 3 times a week continuously. Blood dendritic cell (DC), immune suppressor cell, cytokine, and microRNA (miR) levels were examined using flow cytometric, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and/or polymerase chain reaction-based assays. Group A had greater increases in myeloid DC and in granulocyte and monocytes. In croup B, plasmacytoid DC decreased. In group A, DC production of interleukin-12 relative to @entity688 decreased; this ratio increased in group B. Increases in myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in both the groups with increases greater in group A. Increases in regulatory T cells and in serum @entity5 @entity39 and vascular endothelial growth factors were only observed in group A. Serum @entity10015 decreased in group A. An increase in serum @entity10019 and a decrease in miR-125b and @entity6991 were observed in group B. The dosing of rhGM-CSF influences immune and miR effects. More DC activation and fewer myeloid-derived suppressor and regulatory T cells are observed when administered at lower doses intermittently and continuously compared with when administered at higher doses daily and cyclically. Serum levels of miRs are potentially useful biomarkers of these effects.

title: Differential immunologic and microRNA effects of 2 dosing regimens of recombinant XXXX @entity2841 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of anti- @entity320 differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti- @entity10465 ) antibody measurement for predicting a risk for developing @entity401 ( @entity401 ) in @entity1 with @entity6558 / @entity6017 (PM/ @entity3918 ). METHODS: A single-center cohort of 64 consecutive Chinese @entity1 with PM/ @entity3918 was examined. Serum anti- @entity10465 antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For meta-analysis, we searched PubMed and the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge for original studies that measured anti- @entity10465 antibodies in @entity1 with PM/ @entity3918 . We calculated pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve. RESULTS: In Chinese patients, anti- @entity10465 antibodies were detected in 26 @entity1 with classic @entity3918 or clinically amyopathic @entity3918 (CADM). Compared with anti- @entity10465 -negative patients, anti- @entity10465 -positive @entity1 showed a higher prevalence of @entity401 (P = 0.001). In a total of 233 patients with anti- @entity10465 antibody, derived from 16 studies, a higher frequency of CADM was found in Japanese than in non-Japanese @entity1 (74.7% versus 39.2%; P = 1.2   10(-7) ). Meta-analysis revealed that the pooled sensitivity and specificity of anti- @entity10465 antibody for @entity401 was 77% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 64-87%) and 86% (95% CI 79-90%), respectively. The pooled DOR was 20.41 (95% CI 9.02-46.20) with a favorable area under the sROC curve of 0.89 (95% CI 0.63-0.98). CONCLUSION: Detection of anti- @entity10465 antibody is a valuable tool for identifying @entity3918 @entity1 with a high risk for developing @entity401 , but the distribution of classic @entity3918 and CADM in @entity1 with this antibody varies among ethnic groups.

title: Utility of anti- @entity320 differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody measurement in identifying XXXX with @entity6017 and a high risk for developing @entity401 : a review of the literature and a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease', 'RP-ILD']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity888 (meth) is a highly addictive and widely abused psychostimulant. Repeated use of meth can quickly lead to dependence, and may be accompanied by a variety of persistent @entity146 symptoms and @entity73 . The neuroadaptations underlying motivational and @entity73 produced by chronic meth intake remain poorly understood. Altered @entity2227 neurotransmission within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum has been linked to both persistent drug-seeking and @entity73 . Therefore, the current study investigated changes in presynaptic mGluR receptors within corticostriatal circuitry after extended meth self-administration. @entity35 self-administered meth (or received yoked-saline) in 1 hr/day sessions for 7 days (short-access) followed by 14 days of 6 hrs/day (long-access). @entity35 displayed a progressive escalation of daily meth intake up to 6 mg/kg per day. After cessation of meth self-administration, @entity35 underwent daily extinction or abstinence without extinction training for 14 days before being euthanized. Synaptosomes from the medial PFC, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and the dorsal striatum (dSTR) were isolated and labeled with membrane-impermeable biotin in order to measure surface @entity9448 and @entity9447 receptors. Extended access to meth self-administration followed by abstinence decreased surface and total levels of @entity9449 /3 receptors in the NAc and dSTR, while in the PFC, only a loss of surface @entity9449 /3 and @entity9447 receptors was detected. Daily extinction trials reversed the downregulation of @entity9449 /3 receptors in the NAc and dSTR and @entity9447 in the PFC, but downregulation of surface @entity9449 /3 receptors in the PFC was present regardless of post-meth experience. Thus, extinction learning can selectively restore some populations of downregulated mGluRs after prolonged exposure to meth. The present findings could have implications for our understanding of the persistence (or recovery) of meth-induced motivational and @entity73 .

title: Extinction-dependent alterations in corticostriatal @entity9448 and @entity9447 receptors following chronic @entity888 self-administration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments', 'cognitive dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine features of drainage flow and to determine whether the drainage period could be safely reduced in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 . DESIGN: Open nonrandomized prospective study in @entity298 @entity1 . SETTING: The kidney center in a tertiary care university hospital. @entity1 : Fourteen @entity298 @entity1 with good catheter function. INTERVENTIONS: Drainage flow pattern was studied using a 2-L dialysate. The drainage period was reduced from 28 minutes (mean) to 10 minutes throughout a short-term, 2-month study period and a long-term, 6-month study period for 10 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrafiltration volume, body weight, and peritoneal clearance. RESULTS: A kinetics analysis of the drainage period and volume indicated a positive linear correlation with two different slopes: one for rapid drainage for the first 5-7 minutes and one for subsequent slow drainage. The effluent exceeded 80% in the former period. Ultrafiltration volume and body weight showed no change due to the reduction. Improved peritoneal clearance of small molecular substances could not be confirmed despite a 5% increase in the effective dialysis period. Nearly all @entity1 were satisfied with the reduction and desired its continuation. CONCLUSIONS: Ten minutes is a sufficient drainage period for most @entity298 @entity1 with a 2-L dialysate volume. This may possibly allow an increase in daily activities and an effective peritoneal membrane dialysate contact period.

title: Minimizing the drainage period for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis', 'CAPD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: @entity1 demonstrate @entity158 sensitivity and prevalence of chronic @entity3825 conditions such as functional @entity344 than @entity1 . The role of sex differences in the brain processing of @entity3825 is still unclear. In 16 male and 16 female healthy subjects we compared personality, @entity148 levels, skin conductance response (SCR), and brain processing using functional MRI during anticipation and @entity158 induced by esophageal distension at @entity158 toleration level. There was no significant difference in personality scores, @entity148 levels, SCR, and subjective ratings of @entity158 between sexes. In group analysis, both @entity1 and @entity1 demonstrated a similar pattern of brain activation and deactivation during anticipation and @entity158 consistent with previous reports. However, during anticipation @entity1 showed significantly greater activation in the cuneus, precuneus, and @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ) and stronger deactivation in the right amygdala and left parahippocampal gyrus, whereas @entity1 demonstrated greater activation in the cerebellum. During @entity158 , @entity1 demonstrated greater activation in the midcingulate cortex, anterior insula, premotor cortex, and cerebellum and stronger deactivation in the caudate, whereas @entity1 showed increased activity in the @entity4940 . The pattern of brain activity suggests that, during anticipation, @entity1 may demonstrate stronger limbic inhibition, which is considered to be a cognitive modulation strategy for impending @entity158 stimulation. During @entity158 , @entity1 significantly activate brain areas associated with the affective and motivation components of @entity158 . These responses may underlie the sex differences that exist in @entity158 conditions, whereby @entity1 may attribute more emotional importance to @entity158 stimuli compared with @entity1 .

title: Sex differences in brain response to anticipated and experienced XXXX in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['higher pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['SMA', 'supplementary motor area']

answer: @entity3825 :: (MESH:D059265,Disease) :: ['visceral pain']


abstract: Local and systemic administrations of @entity803 have been used in @entity1 periodontal treatment for conditions including @entity6223 and rapidly progressive @entity2521 , although microbiological effects of the treatment have not been clear. The effect of systemic oral administration of @entity803 on subgingival bacteria in experimental periodontal disease in hamsters as an animal model has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in subgingival bacteria and bone resorption at the lower left first molar, and @entity527 formation on the lower right first molar in animals with (TC group) or without (Diet-2000 group) systemic oral administration of @entity803 25 mg/kg/day in 20-day-old @entity329 that mere fed a high @entity969 diet (Diet-2000). Experimental periods were established as 15, 29, 43, 57, and 71 days. @entity527 formation on the lingual surface on the lower right first molar in the Diet-2000 group gradually increased with time; that in the TC group was scarce and was not increased with time. Bone resorption at the lower left first molar in the Diet-2000 group proceeded rapidly with time, while that in the TC group was scarce. Total number of bacteria from @entity527 on the lower left first molar in the Diet-2000 group increased rapidly with time, but that in the TC group did not vary at all with time. Actinomyces (Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces viscosus) and Bacteroides (Bacteroides capillosus and @entity8293 . ruminicola) in the Diet-2000 group increased with time; those in the TC group decreased with time. A remarkable difference in IgG titers to @entity29704 was not observed in the Diet-2000 and the TC groups. These results suggest that systemic oral administration of @entity803 on experimental @entity2522 in @entity329 causes the total number of subgingival bacteria to be confined, and to be decreased species of Actinomyces (Actinomyces naeslundii and Acinomyces viscosus) and Bacteroides (Bacteroides capillosus and @entity8293 . ruminicola), leading to the inhibition of bone resorption and @entity527 formation. It is suggested that @entity29704 is not a pathogen concerned in experimental periodontal disease in hamsters, because the antibody titer was not elevated in the Diet-2000 group.

title: [Effect of systemic oral administration of @entity803 on experimental @entity2522 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque', 'supragingival plaque', 'Supragingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity29704 :: ('28123', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides asaccharolyticus']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline hydrochloride', 'tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity8293 :: ('839', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides ruminicola subsp']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['golden hamsters']


abstract: @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and @entity40590 ( @entity40590 ) are members of a highly conserved pentraxin superfamily. @entity1851 is synthesized in the liver and may represent a systemic response to local @entity32 . @entity40590 is synthesized locally at the inflammatory sites and may represent a marker for local @entity32 at sites of @entity130 . We compared plasma high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hsCRP) and @entity40590 concentrations after bare-metal stent (BMS) and drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Fifty-three @entity1 with stable @entity453 who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were divided into 2 groups: 1-24 @entity1 (BMS group) and 2-29 @entity1 (DES group). @entity1 were scheduled for an elective, 6-month clinical follow-up. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) ( @entity204 , @entity583 , target vessel revascularization) were assessed. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. @entity1 after BMS implantation had a higher median @entity40590 concentration 1.02 ng/mL compared to @entity1 after DES implantation 0.80 ng/mL, P=0.045. Median hsCRP concentrations were similar in both groups: 0.9 mg/L versus 0.89 mg/L, respectively. Six-month follow-up was available in 33 @entity1 . Four out of 33 @entity1 had MACEs during follow-up. The cut-off value to predict MACEs for @entity40590 was >1.16 ng/mL (P=0.004) and for hsCRP was >0.95 mg/L (P<0.001). @entity1 after DES implantation showed significantly lower plasma @entity40590 levels compared with @entity1 after BMS implantation. hsCRP showed no difference between the study groups. @entity40590 may be a more sensitive marker of local inflammatory response due to @entity130 by BMS than hsCRP. DES implantation may attenuate the early inflammatory response. Lower @entity40590 levels may reflect potent anti-inflammatory properties of @entity4743 .

title: Plasma XXXX may be a more sensitive marker of inflammatory response than high-sensitivity @entity1851 after bare-metal stent compared to drug-eluting stent implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['vessel injury']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity40590 :: (5806,Gene) :: ['pentraxin 3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) is a widely consumed functional food in Asia and is traditionally used to improve health and either prevent or treat @entity32 . Numerous studies have proposed that freshwater clams act to prevent and attenuate inflammatory responses, and also serve as a possible inhibitor to systemic @entity32 . However, there is limited information available about the effects of freshwater clams on wound healing. RESULTS: The present study investigated the influence of freshwater clam extract (FCE) on wound healing and inflammatory responses in a cutaneous incision model. Sixteen @entity35 were used and divided into two groups: the FCE group and the @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) group. The @entity35 underwent dorsal full-thickness skin excisional wounds (diameter 20   *   10   mm). FCE or @entity4361 was administered for oral feeding twice daily for 14 days after wounding. Blood samples were taken and analyzed, and wound areas were measured at several time points during the 2 weeks after excision. On day 14 after wounding, skin biopsies from the wound sites were sent for histological examination. Treatment with FCE (71.63        9.51   pg mL(-1) ) decreased @entity5 @entity39 factor-a levels compared to the @entity4361 group (109.86        12.55   pg mL(-1) ) after wounding at 3   h (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of white blood cells, @entity568 , or @entity13358 . The wound areas of the @entity4361 group (23.9%) were larger than those in the FCE group (8.26%) on day 14 (P < 0.05). Numerous fibroblasts and collagen fiber organization were observed in the FCE group. CONCLUSION: FCE supplementation improves the wound healing process.    2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

title: Freshwater clam extract supplementation improves wound healing by decreasing the XXXX @entity39 factor a level in blood.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation-related diseases', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4361 :: ('MESH:C537354', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'normal saline']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Treatment responses of placebo groups in addiction medicine trials have important implications for research methodology and clinical practice, however studies examining placebo group responses in addiction medicine are scarce. Extant data suggest the importance of early treatment responsiveness for long-term outcomes. Among @entity888 -(MA) dependent individuals randomized to placebo pill plus behavioral support conditions in pharmacotherapy development trials, we hypothesized that immediate abstinence would be a necessary but insufficient predictor for end-of-trial (EOT) abstinence. The study is a secondary analysis of @entity1 (n = 184; 36% female) in the placebo condition of three randomized, placebo-controlled @entity888 dependence pharmacotherapy trials. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses assessed the predictive power of initial abstinence, assessed by thrice weekly urine samples, for EOT abstinence. Sixty percent of individuals with complete abstinence in the first two weeks of treatment were abstinent at EOT, while 18% of @entity1 who failed to meet this standard were abstinent at EOT. Early response was related to retention at EOT and 12-month follow-up. Findings suggest that the inability to achieve at least three MA negative screenings in the first two weeks is associated with greater than 90% likelihood of treatment failure. A third week of screening added minimally to the prediction of EOT outcomes. The prediction of treatment failure was more precise than the prediction of treatment success. The absence of a clinical response in the first two weeks of treatment among @entity1 in the placebo group signals high risk of treatment failure. The majority of information regarding response in the placebo group from a 12-week trial is obtained early in the trial.

title: Placebo-group responders in XXXX pharmacotherapy trials: the role of immediate establishment of abstinence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: In spite of recent recognition of the benign nature of @entity6623 ( @entity6623 ), only limited information is available on the clinical features of @entity6623 with arteriovenous shunt (AVS). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical profile of @entity6623 with AVS. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: We describe three @entity1 having a @entity6623 with AVS and review the clinical features of 31 @entity1 reported in the literature, including our three @entity1 . The @entity1 included 12 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 , ranging in age from 18 to 54 years. Seven @entity1 (22.6%) presented with @entity932 , and none of 16 @entity1 developed a new or recurrent @entity548 (mean follow-up period, 11 months). Treatment was conservative in 14 @entity1 , lobectomy or partial resection of the @entity6623 in 6, removal of @entity1410 in 4, operation only for coexisting @entity439 or @entity2758 in 4, and not known in 3. The outcome was reported as good recovery in 19 @entity1 , persistent @entity51 in 2, @entity204 or deterioration not related to the @entity6623 in 3, and not known in 7. CONCLUSION: Although there remains some uncertainty as to the clinical features of @entity6623 with AVS, its prognosis seems to be essentially as benign as that of @entity6623 without AVS. Thus, conservative treatment is recommend except for @entity1 with a large @entity1410 or with a coexisting @entity2758 or a symptomatic, accessible @entity2477 , which may be treated by surgical intervention. Further collection of data is required to establish definite treatment guidelines.

title: XXXX with arteriovenous shunts: report of three cases and review of the literature

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6623 :: ('MESH:D020787', 'Disease') :: ['venous angioma', 'VA']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous angioma']

answer: @entity6623 :: (MESH:D020787,Disease) :: ['Venous angiomas']


abstract: The malignant phenotype of @entity263 cells correlates with the expression of both @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ); however, there is little information concerning the role of cell-bound @entity10431 in matrix degradation and invasion. Our results suggest that cell-associated @entity10431 plays a key role in regulating the amount of @entity1351 present at the surface of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) cells and show that differential production of @entity10431 corresponds with the capacity to bind and activate @entity1351 . In addition, we provide direct evidence that both @entity10431 secretion and the presence of @entity10431 - @entity10431 complexes characterize the invasive phenotype of @entity263 cells and suggest the existence of several pathways by which @entity5 cells acquire @entity1351 activity. LNCaP cells (which do not produce @entity10431 but express @entity10431 ) may activate @entity1351 through exogenous @entity10431 . In vivo, the source of @entity10431 may be infiltrating macrophages and/or fibroblasts as observed in several other systems. @entity2289 accumulation in the conditioned medium (CM) limits @entity1351 action to the pericellular microenvironment. Our results indicate that @entity1495 and @entity1476 are also activated by @entity1351 generated by cell-bound but not by soluble, extracellular @entity10431 . @entity1351 activation and triggering of the proteolytic cascade involved in Matrigel invasion is blocked by antibodies against @entity10431 (especially by anti- A-chain of @entity10431 which interacts with @entity10431 ) and by PA inhibitors such as @entity27631 which may regulate levels of cell-bound @entity10431 . @entity10431 may also regulate growth in @entity263 cells. Indeed, antibodies against @entity10431 A-chain (and also @entity27631 treatment) interfere with the ATF domain and inhibit cell growth in @entity10431 -producing @entity20015 and @entity263 cell lines, whereas exogenous @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) induces growth of @entity263 cell line. These data support the hypothesis that in @entity263 @entity1 at risk of progression, @entity10431 / @entity1351 blockade may be of therapeutic value by blocking both growth of the primary @entity5 and dissemination of metastatic cells.

title: @entity1351 activator system modulates invasive capacity and proliferation in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27631 :: ('MESH:C006500', 'Chemical') :: ['p-aminobenzamidine']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic tumor', 'prostatic carcinoma', 'DU145 prostate cancer', 'PRCA', 'LNCaP prostate tumor', 'prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['uPA', 'uPA and its cell-membrane receptor', 'HMW-uPA with ATF', 'uPAR']

entities_list: @entity1351 :: ('5340', 'Gene') :: ['plasmin', 'Plasmin', 'plasminogen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Circumferential resection margin (pCRM) and the completeness of mesorectal excision (ME) are two independent prognostic factors significantly associated with the radicality of surgical treatment. Positive pCRM and incomplete mesorectal excision are associated with a significantly higher incidence of local recurrence and worse @entity1 prognosis. The aim of this article is to analyze the risk factors associated with incomplete mesorectal excision. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 operated on at the Department of Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove between January 2011 and February 2013 were included in the study. The @entity1 data were prospectively collected and entered in the Dg C20 registry. The following factors were analyzed: sex, age, BMI, cN, pT, clinical stage, the involved segment of the rectum, neoadjuvant therapy, circumferential @entity5 location, the type of surgical approach and the type of surgery. RESULTS: 168 @entity1 were operated on during the above period. 9 (5.3%) palliative stomas and 159 (94.6%) resection procedures were performed in this group of 168 @entity1 . 7 (4.4%) @entity1 were excluded because the quality of excision was not assessed in them. 114 (75%) resections, including 5 intersphincteric resections, were performed in the group of the remaining 152 @entity1 . 10 (7%) were Hartmanns procedures a 28 (18%) were amputation procedures. Out of 152 procedures, 69 (45%) were performed laparoscopically. Positive (y)pCRO was recorded in 26 (17%) @entity1 , predominantly after abdominoperineal resection (APR) - 11 out of 27 (41%), and Hartmanns operation - 6 out of 10 (60%). Incomplete ME was observed in 45 @entity1 (30%), complete ME in 81 @entity1 (53%) and partially complete in 26 @entity1 (17%). Univariate analysis confirmed statistically significant factors associated with incomplete mesorectal excision: (y)pT (P = 0.00027), type of surgery (P = 0.00001) and @entity5 location (P = 0.00001). Multivariate analysis then confirmed two independent prognostic factors associated with incomplete mesorectal excision. It was the location of the @entity5 in the distal third of the rectum and the (y)pT stage of the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Distal rectum tumor location and higher (y)pT are associated with a higher risk of incomplete mesorectal excision with worse @entity1 prognosis.

title: [The radicality of surgical resection in XXXX . Analysis of factors associated with incomplete mesorectal excision].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several inflammatory response materials could be used for prediction of prognosis of @entity5 @entity1 . The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been introduced for prognostic scoring system in various @entity5 . The objective of this study was to determine whether the NLR or the PLR would predict the clinical outcomes in advanced @entity356 @entity1 treated with @entity901 / @entity1487 (FOLFOX). METHODS: The study population consisted of 174 advanced @entity356 @entity1 . @entity1 were treated with 85 mg/m2 of @entity901 as a 2-h infusion at day 1 plus 20 mg/m2 of @entity4181 over 10 min, followed by @entity1487 bolus 400 mg/m2 and 22-h continuous infusion of 600 mg/m2 at days 1-2. Treatment was repeated in 2-week intervals. The NLR and PLR were calculated from complete blood counts in laboratory test before and after first cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS: NLR was a useful prognostic biomarker for predicting inferior @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (p = 0.005), but was not associated with progression free survival (PFS) (p = 0.461). The normalization of NLR after one cycle of chemotherapy was found to be in association with significant improvement in PFS (5.3 months vs. 2.4 months, p < 0.001), and @entity1349 (11.9 months vs. 4.6 months, p < 0.001). The normalization of PLR was also associated with longer PFS (5.6 months vs. 3.4 months, p = 0.006), and @entity1349 (16.9 months vs. 10.9 months, p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, changes in NLR were associated with PFS (Hazard ratio (HR): 2.297, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.429-3.693, p = 0.001). The NLR, (HR: 0.245, 95% CI: 0.092-0.633, p = 0.004), PLR (HR: 0.347, 95% CI: 0.142-0.847, p = 0.020), changes in NLR (HR: 2.468, 95% CI: 1.567-3.886, p < 0.001), and changes in PLR (HR: 1.473, 95% CI: 1.038-2.090, p = 0.030) were independent prognostic markers for @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that NLR, PLR, and changes in NLR or PLR are independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 treated with chemotherapy. These specific factors may also help in identifying the @entity1 , who are more sensitive to FOLFOX regimen.

title: Prognostic significance of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio in advanced XXXX @entity1 treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: An important strategy for "shotgun proteomics" profiling involves solution proteolysis of proteins, followed by peptide separation using multidimensional liquid chromatography and automated sequencing by mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). Several protocols for extracting and handling membrane proteins for shotgun proteomics experiments have been reported, but few direct comparisons of different protocols have been reported. We compare four methods for preparing membrane proteins from @entity1 cells, using @entity2777 ( @entity2777 ), @entity1133 , and mixed organic-aqueous solvents. These methods were compared with respect to their efficiency of protein solubilization and proteolysis, peptide and protein recovery, membrane protein enrichment, and peptide coverage of transmembrane proteins. Overall, approximately 50-60% of proteins recovered were membrane-associated, identified from Gene Ontology annotations and transmembrane prediction software. Samples extracted with @entity2777 , extracted with @entity1133 followed by dilution, or extracted with @entity1133 followed by desalting yielded comparable peptide recoveries and sequence coverage of transmembrane proteins. In contrast, suboptimal proteolysis was observed with organic solvent. @entity1133 extraction followed by desalting may be a particularly useful approach, as it is less costly than @entity2777 and yields satisfactory protein denaturation and proteolysis under conditions that minimize reactivity with @entity1133 -derived @entity14613 . Spectral counting was used to compare datasets of proteins from membrane samples with those of soluble proteins from K562 cells, and to estimate fold differences in protein abundances. Proteins most highly abundant in the membrane samples showed enrichment of integral membrane protein identifications, consistent with their isolation by differential centrifugation.

title: Analysis of membrane proteins from @entity1 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells: comparison of extraction methods for multidimensional LC- XXXX / @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'acid labile surfactants']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: From January 1987 to April 1993, 25 multiply injured @entity1 were treated with closed intramedullary Ender nail fixation of the humeral shaft. Criteria for the procedure were humeral diaphyseal @entity174 with associated @entity1230 . Seventeen distal and mid-shaft @entity174 were treated via a modified anterograde approach in which the rotator cuff is not violated. Eight proximal third @entity174 were treated via the standard retrograde approach. Postoperative follow-up averaged 36 months. Full range of motion was attained 17 of the 25 @entity1 . Of the eight remaining @entity1 , three with a slightly limited range of motion achieved full range of motion following nail removal; three had preoperative @entity4542 which resolved within 1 year, and two @entity1 required follow-on plating. In 92 per cent (23 of 25) there were no incidences of @entity281 or non-union. Flexible nails avoid complications of reaming. The modified anterograde approach allows excellent shoulder motion since it does not violate the rotator cuff. Ender nails provide excellent fixation and clinical outcome in the multiply injured @entity1 and are cost effective compared with interlocking nails.

title: Ender nailing of acute humeral shaft @entity174 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve palsy']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['multiple injuries']


abstract: OBJECT: Low grade @entity11 are both proliferative and @entity5 , as recently modelized. When proliferation is predominant, the @entity5 is rather bulky and its main locations are the supplementary motor area and the paralimbic system. Diffusion occurs preferentially along white matter tracts. Recent anatomo-functional studies, performed both in vitro and in vivo, have described the fiber tracts centered around the insula. We thus propose to analyze the extension of paralimbic low grade @entity11 in terms of invaded subcortical pathways. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of @entity1 followed for a WHO grade II @entity11 at the @entity9574  tri  re Hospital between 1991 and 2003. We selected @entity1 with @entity5 centered on the insula and extending in temporal and frontal lobes (Type 2b-2c-3 of Yasargil's classification). We then analyzed on FLAIR sequences the extension (tracked on successive examinations before any treatment) along two main fasciculi in that area: the uncinate and arcuate fasciculi. RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The uncinate fasiculus was invaded in 28 cases, the arcuate fasciculus in 9 cases, and both fasciculi in 3 cases. Longitudinal follow-up was available in 16 cases, and confirmed the preferential extension along these fasciculi. CONCLUSION: This kinetic analysis of extension of paralimbic low grade @entity11 confirms that these @entity5 spread along distinct subcortical fasciculi. Due to the functional role of these pathways, this classification could be useful to elaborate therapeutic strategy (prognosis index, pre- and intra-operative neuropsychological testing, functional outcome).

title: Extension of paralimbic low grade XXXX : toward an anatomical classification based on white matter invasion patterns.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'diffusive tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: GABAA receptors from the brain of @entity1 afflicted with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) become less efficient (run-down) when repetitively activated by @entity1246 . Experiments were designed to investigate whether the antiepileptic drug, @entity4677 (LEV), which is used as an adjunctive treatment for medically intractable @entity1315 , counteracts the GABAA receptor run-down. METHODS: GABAA receptors were microtransplanted from the brains of @entity1 afflicted with @entity1315 into @entity1238 oocytes. The @entity1246 -current run-down, caused by repetitive applications of @entity1246 , was investigated using the standard two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. Additionally, the @entity1246 -current run-down was investigated directly on pyramidal neurons in @entity1 @entity1315 cortical slices. RESULTS: It was found that, in oocytes injected with membranes isolated from the @entity1315 neocortex, the @entity1246 -current run-down was inhibited by a 3-h pretreatment with 0.5-100 microM LEV. Moreover, the GABAA receptors of pyramidal neurons in @entity1 neocortical slices exhibited a current run-down that was significantly reduced by 1 microM LEV. Interestingly, the run-down in oocytes injected with membranes isolated from the @entity1315 hippocampal subiculum was not affected by LEV. CONCLUSIONS: We report that the antiepileptic LEV strengthens @entity1246 inhibition of neuronal circuits by blocking the receptor run-down in the cortex whilst leaving the run-down of GABAA receptors in the hippocampal subiculum unaltered. These findings point to the GABAA receptor run-down as an important event in epileptogenesis and as a possible target for testing and screening antiepileptic drugs.

title: The antiepileptic drug levetiracetam stabilizes the XXXX epileptic GABAA receptors upon repetitive activation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the test-retest variability of the retinal sensitivity of the Nidek @entity7454 microperimeter in @entity1 with @entity1020 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 50 @entity1 were enrolled with a range of @entity1020 . One examiner performed two consecutive microperimetry tests for all @entity1 using the same test strategy. Test-retest variability for @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ), @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ), @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ), local defect classification (LDC), average sensitivity for the central macula (CMS, 16 loci inside 10 degrees ), @entity1020 ( @entity1020 , 52 loci in the 10 to 20 degrees ring), and dense @entity1019 size (DSS) were analyzed by calculating the 95% coefficients of repeatability or percentage agreement. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age and visual acuity were 61 (15) years and 0.34 (0.32) logMAR, respectively. The mean difference in @entity2915 between tests 1 and 2 was +0.2 dB (SD, 0.9 dB; P = 0.127). The coefficients of repeatability for @entity2915 , @entity5494 , CMS, and @entity1020 were 1.81, 2.56, 2.13, and 1.93 dB, respectively. The mean (SD) of coefficients of repeatability for @entity1166 across all 68 loci was 5.56 (0.86) dB. Of all test loci in all @entity1 76% had perfect agreement in LDC, and 94% of @entity1 had a change in DSS of four or fewer test loci. CONCLUSIONS: Test-retest variability was lowest for @entity2915 and highest for @entity1166 . However, @entity2915 does not provide spatial information. The authors recommend the use of CMS and @entity1020 for monitoring macular function and consider a change of greater than 2.56 and 2.31 dB (the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of their coefficients of repeatability), respectively, to exceed test-retest variability.

title: Test-retest variability of microperimetry using the Nidek XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['mean deviation', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['point-wise sensitivity', 'PWS']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['mean sensitivity', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'macular disease', 'paracentral macular sensitivity', 'macular diseases']

answer: @entity7454 :: (10531,Gene) :: ['MP1']