abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of oral @entity3175 on blood pressure (BP) alterations in @entity1 that underwent @entity231 surgery under topical anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 147 @entity1 that underwent phacoemulsification surgery under topical anesthesia, were reviewed retrospectively. The study took place in the Department of Ophthalmology, Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Aydin, @entity233 , between January 2011 and July 2013. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: received 5 mg @entity3175 per oral one hour prior to surgery, and Group 2 (control group): none administered preoperatively. The BP readings of all @entity1 were scanned through their files. Five readings were chosen for statistical analysis. The first reading was taken in the ophthalmology ward on the morning of the operation, the second was taken in the premedication room just before the surgery, 2 readings were taken intraoperatively and recorded as third and fourth values, and the fifth reading was recorded from those taken in the ophthalmology ward after surgery. RESULTS: Group 1 had a mean age of 62.17 +/- 10.01 years, while the Group 2 had a mean age of 64.31 +/- 10.88 years. There were no differences between the 2 groups by means of systolic and diastolic BP levels measured preoperatively in the ophthalmology ward. Intraoperative systolic and diastolic BP levels were significantly higher in Group 2 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Elevated BP can undermine surgical outcomes; and may lead to unforeseen complications. To prevent the elevation of BP to risky levels in the intraoperative period, @entity3175 administration may be beneficial, even in normotensive @entity1 .

title: The effects of @entity3175 on blood pressure levels in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: "Least costly but most effective" has never been more important to healthcare delivery than in the current healthcare environment of changing reimbursement systems. In wound care, the high costs associated with renting advanced support surfaces may be an area where expenses can be decreased if similar outcomes can be attained by using more affordable mattresses. This article compares the healing rates and eventual outcomes of wounds among two groups of @entity1 randomly assigned to one of two support surfaces. A commonly used low-air-loss mattress was compared with the study mattress, an advanced, non-powered, air and foam surface. Subjects were @entity1 admitted to either of two long-term healthcare settings for the treatment of wounds. The resulting two groups of 10 @entity1 each were evenly matched for average age and percentage of @entity1 who were nutritionally deficient as indicated by albumin or pre-albumin levels. The presence of gastrointestinal tubes and ventilator dependency also was recorded. Consistent wound care protocols were used on both groups, including turning schedules, nutrition, topical medication, and dressings. The study period covered a maximum of 8 weeks; interest was centered on the rate of wound healing and progress toward a goal rather than the length of time to completely close a wound. After 8 weeks, or upon discharge from the study pressure @entity1066 in the study mattress group closed at an average rate per week of 9.0% +/- 4.8 versus 5.0% +/- 3.7 in the low-air-loss mattress group. This study indicates that the study mattress can provide benefits to the wound healing process similar to or better than low-air-loss mattresses at a substantially reduced cost.

title: "Constant force technology" versus low-air-loss therapy in the treatment of pressure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pain management has traditionally been provided by opioid analgesics. However, the reluctance of some health personnel to prescribe or administer opioids because of the fear of side effects has hindered their use. Local anaesthetic wound infiltration has been shown to improve @entity282 management. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of combined subfascial and subcutaneous infiltration of @entity1341 in providing an opioid- sparing effect following abdominal surgery. DESIGN OF THE STUDY: It was a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: The study was carried out at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group received subcutaneous and subfascial infiltration with 40ml of 0.25% @entity1341 while the control group received 40ml of 0.9% saline administered by the surgeon after the closure of the peritoneum. Postoperative analgesia was provided with intramuscular @entity1286 0.1mg/kg 4hourly on demand and the time to first analgesic request was noted. Intravenous @entity1443 was used as rescue analgesia. @entity282 was assessed using the verbal rating scale (VRS) at 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively at rest and during coughing. RESULTS: The mean time to first analgesic request was significantly prolonged (p <0.05) in the study group (174    117.6 min) than in the control group (102    84 min). The @entity1 in the control group received more @entity1286 which was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Request for rescue analgesia and the @entity1 ' impression of the analgesia were not significant (Fishers exact test two tailed p-value = 0.7164 and 0.4506 respectively). CONCLUSION: Bupicacaine wound infiltration improved @entity158 scores at rest within the first 6 hours and @entity158 scores on coughing within the first 24 hours postoperatively. Although the technique increases the options available for @entity282 relief after lower abdominal surgery, it cannot be used alone in this type of surgery.

title: Opioid-sparing effect of XXXX wound infiltration after lower abdominal operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: Insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) are structurally and functionally related and belong to the @entity669 kinase receptor family. In teleosti such as salmonids and @entity24047 , occurrence of multiple IR and IGF-IR members has been reported, but the structures of a complete set of both IR and IGF-IR members in a single teleost species have not yet been characterized. In this study, we cloned and analysed four distinct cDNA clones for IR and IGF-IR members from the liver and kidney of the @entity2386 ( @entity2386 ). Deduced @entity535 sequence analyses and phylogenetic analysis have revealed that two of them (fIR-1 and fIR-2) belong to IR members and the other two (fIGF-IR-1 and fIGF-IR-2) are IGF-IRs. fIR-1 and fIR-2 comprised 1369 and 1368 @entity535 residues respectively, and fIGF-IR-1 and fIGF-IR-2 comprised 1412 and 1418 residues respectively. All the receptor proteins contained @entity462 -rich domains in their alpha-subunits, and conserved each transmembrane and @entity669 kinase domains in their beta-subunits. The @entity535 sequences of fIRs and fIGF-IRs showed more than 90% sequence identity with @entity24047 IR and IGF-IR respectively. When compared with their @entity1 homologues, fIGF-IR-1 and fIGF-IR-2 proteins contained large insertions at their C-termini, as was observed in the corresponding region of @entity24047 IGF-IR. Occurrence of multiple species of mRNA for each IR and IGF-IR was suggested by Northern blot analyses. A ribonuclease protection assay revealed diverse expressions of four receptor mRNAs in a wide range of tissues including heart, liver, ovary, testis, brain, gill arch, kidney, skeletal muscle, intestine, stomach, spleen and eye of the flounder.

title: Molecular cloning, identification and characterization of four distinct receptor subtypes for insulin and IGF-I in @entity2386 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2386 :: ('8255', 'Species') :: ['Paralichthys olivaceus', 'Japanese flounder']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2386 :: (8255,Species) :: ['Paralichthys olivaceus']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are known to play an important role in the proliferation and viability of vascular smooth muscle cells. We have shown previously that treatment of fetal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (FPASMC) with concentrations of 25 microM and higher of @entity5534 , a @entity224 dismutase/ @entity2196 mimetic, decreased cell viability via the induction of apoptosis. Here we demonstrate a dose-dependent decrease in serum-induced FPASMC growth at lower doses of @entity5534 . This was due to the attenuation of FPASMC proliferation rather than the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, we found that the inhibition of FPASMC proliferation was observed using @entity5534 at concentrations as low as 5 microM. This inhibition of proliferation correlated with a 31% decrease in @entity224 levels, as estimated using the oxidation of @entity16203 . Flow cytometry revealed an increase in FPASMC in G2 after 24 h of exposure to 10 microM @entity5534 . This was associated with a twofold increase in levels of the cell-cycle regulatory protein @entity3544 . This, together with our previous data, suggests that ROS levels determine the rate of FPASMC proliferation and, when below a threshold level, trigger apoptosis. Titration of ROS with antioxidants may help to prevent, or reverse, the vascular remodeling manifest in many @entity65 states.

title: Combined XXXX dismutase/ @entity2196 mimetics alter fetal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell growth.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity16203 :: ('MESH:C067883', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroethidium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']