abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Ultrafiltration that occurs during hemodialysis (HD) promotes profound alterations in a relatively short period of time. The dialysate content of @entity3157 (DBic) and @entity972 (DK) may have impact over intradialytic hemodynamics, which goes beyond ultrafiltration, and its impact was evaluated in a prospective cohort. METHODS: 30 @entity1 under HD were submitted to hemodynamic assessment (HA) at the beginning and at the end of HD sessions, through a non-invasive method. Serum minus dialysate @entity972 concentration was expressed as K-Gap. Cardiac index (CI) and peripheral arterial resistance (PAR) variation (post-HD minus pre-HD) were expressed as   CI and   PAR. Dialysate content of @entity1372 and @entity460 were expressed as DNa and DCa, respectively. RESULTS: Mean DNa, DK and DBic were, respectively, 136.4    1.1, 2.1    0.6 and 38.2    2.1 mEq/L. In 15 @entity1 , DCa was >1.5 mmol/L and in the other 15 @entity1  <= 1.5 mmol/L. The K-Gap ranged from 1.4 to 5.1 mEq/l (median 3.0 mEq/L). There was a @entity551 (  CI = -0.72l/min/m(2) and -11.3  15.1mmHg, respectively, p<0.001 for both). Conversely, PAR increased (  PAR = 272dyn.s/cm(5), p<0.001). Lower post-HD CI was was associated to higher DBic (p=0.0013) and lower K-Gap (p=0.026). In multivariate analysis,   CI was dependent on DBic and K-Gap, whereas   PAR was dependent on dialysate @entity460 during HD. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that Na and Ca dialysate content exerts and important role on hemodynamic during HD. In addition, our findings pointed out that higher dialysate concentrations of @entity3157 and @entity972 promote lower cardiac performance at the end of hemodialysis session.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Hemodynamic behavior during hemodialysis: effects of dialysate concentrations of XXXX and @entity972 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in post-HD CI and systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity3157 :: (CHEBI:17544,Chemical) :: ['bicarbonate']


abstract: @entity1015 ( @entity1015 ) is identical to @entity1 @entity1014 phosphorylase (dThdPase). The @entity1 MCF-7 @entity0 cell line was transfected with the dThdPase cDNA and expressed a 45 kDa protein that was detected with anti-dThdPase antibody. Cell lysates possessed elevated dThdPase activity and cells had up to 165-fold increased sensitivity to the prodrug @entity20941 ( @entity1013 ) in vitro. Sensitivity to @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity10928 ( @entity10049 ) was unchanged. Recombinant dThdPase was shown to catalyse directly the phosphorolytic cleavage of 5'-DFUR to @entity1487 . Exogenous @entity1014 (dThd) reversed the @entity137 of @entity10049 on the parental line (1 microM dThd increased the IC50 value 1000-fold), but the dThd rescue was substantially modulated in the dThdPase-expressing clone 4 (1 microM dThd raised the IC50 value 3-fold). We observed a substantial 'bystander' killing effect when small proportions of dThdPase-expressing cells were mixed with parental MCF-7 cells. dThdPase activity was on average 27-fold higher in @entity0 than in normal breast. The levels of wild-type MCF-7 are similar to the low end of the @entity5 expression. Thus, in some @entity5 resistance to 5'-DFUR therapy could be due to low dThdPase activity, and transfection to raise the dThdPase levels within the @entity5 range or above it should markedly enhance sensitivity to the prodrug. These results confirm that dThdPase is a major pathway in the metabolic activation of 5'-DFUR, and the bystander effect suggests that this may be a suitable enzyme for gene therapy-directed enzyme/prodrug activation therapy.

title: Increased sensitivity to the prodrug @entity20941 and modulation of @entity10928 sensitivity in MCF-7 cells transfected with XXXX phosphorylase.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumours']

entities_list: @entity20941 :: ('MESH:C025034|MESH:C534213', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'broad tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity10928 :: ('MESH:C576827', 'Chemical') :: ["5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity1015 :: ('1890', 'Gene') :: ['PD-ECGF', 'Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: @entity15809 ( @entity15809 ) is an abnormal hypopharyngeal pouch often presenting with @entity1282 . Treatment is often sought with invasive surgical management of the diverticulum being the only mode of definitive therapy. Primarily done by an open transcervical approach in the past, nowadays treatment is usually provided by otolaryngologists using a less invasive trans-oral technique with a rigid endoscope. When first described, this method grew into acceptance quickly due to its similar efficacy and vastly improved safety profile compared to the open transcervical approach. However, the main limitation with this approach is that it may not be suitable for all @entity1 . Nonetheless, progress in the field of natural orifice endoscopic surgery over the last 10-20 years has led to the increase in utilization of the flexible endoscope in the treatment of @entity15809 . Primarily performed by interventional gastroenterologists, this approach overcomes the prior limitation of its surgical counterpart and allows adequate visualization of the diverticulum independent of the @entity1 's body habitus. Additionally, it may be performed without the use of general anesthesia and in an outpatient setting, thus further increasing the utility of this modality, especially in elderly @entity1 with other comorbidities. Today, results in more than 600 @entity1 have been described in various published case series using different techniques and devices demonstrating a high percentage of clinical symptom resolution with low rates of adverse events. In this article, we present our experience with flexible endoscopic therapy of @entity15809 and highlight the endoscopic technique, outcomes and adverse events related to this minimally invasive modality.

title: Techniques and efficacy of flexible endoscopic therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ['ZD', "Zenker's diverticulum"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity15809 :: (MESH:D016672,Disease) :: ['Zenker's diverticulum']


abstract: We compared a strip test employing recombinant @entity56089 ( @entity15277 ) antigen and protein A/colloidal gold as read-out agents with the @entity15277 ELISA for IgM and IgG antibodies and the direct agglutination test (DAT) using 55 sera from @entity1 with parasitologically confirmed @entity234 ( @entity234 ). The @entity15277 strip test was positive in 37/55 (67%), the DAT in 50/55 (91%) at > or = 1 : 1600 cut-off value and in 47/55 (85%) at > or = 1 : 6400 cut-off value. The @entity15277 -ELISA gave positive IgG results for all sera; those who had a positive strip test had significantly higher IgG levels than those with a negative strip test (31.1 (SD=3.6) and 17.7 U/ml (SD=9.8), respectively, P < 0.0001). A total of 31/55 (56%) sera showed a positive IgM result; of these 27 (49%) had a positive strip test. We tested 115 apparently cured @entity234 @entity1 with the strip test during follow-up; 68 were also tested with DAT. In the strip test, 25-43% of @entity1 had a positive result at time points 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment; for DAT (cut-off > or = 1 : 1600) these results were 67-83%. In neither test did a significant decrease in positivity rates occur over time (P=0.37 for the strip test, P=0.17 for the DAT). No correlation (P=0.33) was found between a positive strip test and a positive DAT result (cut-off > or = 1: 1600), indicating that the strip test and DAT are complementary rather than interchangeable. Of 61 endemic controls two (3%) had a positive strip test result; both had a positive leishmanin skin test. The @entity15277 strip test has the ideal format for use in the field, but its sensitivity is limited; like DAT, but to a lesser extent, it remains positive after treatment.

title: Diagnosing XXXX with the recombinant @entity56089 strip test: experience from the Sudan.

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate our hospital protocol of low-dose vitamin K titration for preoperative warfarin reversal for early hip @entity174 surgery. METHODS: Records of 16 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 aged 63 to 93 (mean, 81) years who were taking warfarin for @entity955 (n=40), @entity1211 (n=9), @entity64 (n=3), and prosthetic heart valve (n=3) and underwent surgery for @entity173 were reviewed. The 3 @entity1 with a prosthetic heart valve were deemed high risk for @entity1031 and the remainder low-risk. The international normalised ratio (INR) of @entity1 was checked on admission and 6 hours after administration of vitamin K; an INR of <1.7 was considered safe for surgery. RESULTS: No @entity1 developed @entity1211 within one year. The 30-day and one-year mortality was 8.2% and 32.6%, respectively. For the 46 low-risk @entity1 , the mean INR on admission was 2.6 (range, 1.1-4.6) and decreased to <1.7 after a mean of 2.2 (range, 0-4) administrations of 2 mg of vitamin K. Their INR was <1.7 within 18 hours (mean, 14 hours). 78% of @entity1 underwent surgery within 36 hours. In the 22% of @entity1 who did not undergo surgery within 36 hours, the delay was due to insufficient operative time or the @entity1 being medically unfit for surgery. The 3 high-risk @entity1 underwent bridging therapy of low-molecular-weight heparin and received no vitamin K; their mean INR on admission was 3.2 (range, 3.1-3.3) and the mean time to surgery was 5.3 (range, 3-8) days. Two low-risk @entity1 and one high-risk @entity1 died within 5 days of surgery. CONCLUSION: The low-dose intravenous vitamin K protocol is safe and effective in reversing warfarin within 18 hours. @entity173 surgery within 36 to 48 hours of admission improves morbidity and mortality.

title: Preoperative warfarin reversal for early hip XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip fracture', 'hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: In Finland @entity5 is often detected initially on ultrasonography (US), which is widely used as a primary examination in @entity1 who have @entity158 or are jaundiced. This retrospective study was performed to investigate whether computed tomography (CT) provided any essential substantial staging information to US in @entity1 , whose primary @entity5 was detected in US. Both US and CT had been performed in 102 @entity3123 @entity1 . US, being performed always prior to CT, detected the @entity5 in 73 @entity1 (sensitivity 72%). CT detected @entity5 in 65 of these 73 @entity1 (89%). US demonstrated the @entity5 to be unresectable in 22 @entity1 (30%). CT demonstrated the @entity5 as unresectable in the same 22 @entity1 , but also in additional 20 @entity1 (overall 42 @entity1 = 58%, P less than 0.001 as compared to US). Three of these 20 @entity1 underwent biliary bypass, but in 17 @entity1 laparotomy was considered unnecessary (including the six @entity1 who underwent merely exploratory laparotomy). It was estimated, that the 51 CT examinations, performed in @entity1 in whom the @entity5 was detected resectable on US, with overall costs of about FIM 137,700, might obviate laparotomy in 17 @entity1 , with operative costs of about FIM 255,000. Thus, CT appears to provide essential substantial information to US about the resectability of @entity3123 , and CT can be considered a very important preoperative examination from both medical and economical point of view in the @entity1 whose @entity5 has been demonstrated by US.

title: Computed tomography is important in assessing resectability of XXXX , even after ultrasonographic demonstration of the @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: @entity16372 ( @entity16372 ) plays an important role in @entity5 growth and @entity3 . The aim of this work was to study the @entity16372 production, in vitro and in vivo, in a transplantable @entity19 @entity420 (M3), moderately metastatic to lung, and in a related @entity5 variant (MM3), highly metastatic to the same organ, during @entity5 development. At different times post-transplantation, @entity5 were employed to prepare either primary cell cultures or homogenates. PA activity from conditioned media (CM), cell lysates (CLs) and @entity5 homogenates (THs) was quantitated by means of a fibrinolytic assay. Immunoneutralization and zymographic assays were performed to identify the PA present in both @entity5 . PA activity in CM, CLs and THs, that was undetectable at early stages, increased significantly along the growth of M3 @entity420 . Secreted PA activity in MM3 CM was measurable at early stages and consistently increased up to 37 days post-transplantation, but a marked fall of activity was found at 48 days. PA activity in MM3 THs exhibited the same enhancement and late fall found in vitro. A positive correlation was observed between @entity5 size and THs PA values in both @entity5 . The PA present in cell cultures and THs was identified as of the @entity16372 type. These results support the hypothesis that high @entity16372 levels are important for @entity5 invasion and that the stage of @entity5 development is a critical factor in their PA activity.

title: @entity16372 activity increases during the growth of two @entity19 mammary XXXX with different metastasizing abilities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['mammary adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity16372 :: ('18792(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'u-PA']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSC) are populations of cells responsible for @entity5 initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance in many @entity5 . In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern and clinical significance of two CSC markers, @entity5439 and @entity15155 , in a series of @entity1489 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirteen @entity982 blocks from @entity1489 including 16 (14%) cases of @entity320 , 37 (33%) of @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ) and 60 (53%) of @entity5702 ( @entity5702 ) were collected and assembled in a @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ). The samples were immunohistochemically examined for the expression of @entity5439 and @entity15155 . Expression of these markers was also correlated with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the expression of @entity5439 and @entity15155 in @entity320 , @entity1544 and @entity5702 (p value=0.001). Furthermore, the level of expression was significantly higher in the @entity320 compared to the @entity1544 and @entity5 . Expression of @entity5439 in the @entity320 was significantly associated with increased @entity5 invasiveness (p value=0.05), a higher rate of @entity3 (p value=0.04) and the presence of @entity1066 (p value=0.02). Increased expression of @entity15155 was observed in @entity320 (p value=0.04), while no statistically significant correlation was found with other clinicopathological parameters including Breslow thickness, Clark level and @entity1066 . CONCLUSIONS: Elevated expression levels of @entity5439 and @entity15155 in the @entity320 are associated with advanced disease, with more aggressive and metastatic @entity1489 . Therefore, these markers could be potential therapeutic targets for @entity5 of the skin.

title: Co-Expression of Putative Cancer Stem Cell Markers, XXXX and @entity15155 , in @entity1489 .

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'BCC tumors', 'cancers', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors', 'skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell cancer', 'BCC']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity5439 :: (8842,Gene) :: ['CD133']


abstract: @entity1311 is an important chemotherapeutic agent for @entity0 . @entity1311 has high affinity for the @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) (drug efflux pump) in the gastrointestinal tract causing low and variable oral bioavailability. Previously, we demonstrated that oral @entity1311 plus the @entity1262 inhibitor @entity205 (CsA) is safe and results in adequate exposure to @entity1311 . This study evaluates the activity, @entity137 and pharmacokinetics of @entity1311 combined with CsA in @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 with measurable metastatic @entity0 were given oral @entity1311 90 mg m-2 combined with CsA 10 mg kg-1 (30 min prior to each @entity1311 administration) twice on one day, each week. Twenty-nine @entity1 with a median age of 50 years were entered. All @entity1 had received prior treatments, 25 had received prior @entity4349 -containing chemotherapy and 19 had three or more metastatic sites. Total number of weekly administrations was 442 (median: 15/ @entity1 ) and dose intensity of 97 mg m-2 week-1. Most @entity1 needed treatment delay and 17 @entity1 needed dose reductions. In intention to treat analysis, the overall response rate was 52%, the median time to progression was 6.5 months and overall survival was 16 months. The pharmacokinetics revealed moderate inter- and low intrapatient variability. Weekly oral @entity1311 , combined with CsA, is active in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Phase II and pharmacological study of oral XXXX (Paxoral) plus @entity205 in @entity4349 -pretreated metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity4595 has decreased significantly over recent decades in developed countries. However, resection for @entity4595 still plays an important part in thoracic surgery practice in developing countries such as @entity233 . This study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of surgical treatment for @entity4595 , particularly in aspects related to the effects on functional well-being. @entity1 AND METHOD: From January 1995 through December 2003, operations for @entity4595 were performed in 81 @entity1 . Demographic features, type of resection, and operative morbidity and mortality were evaluated. The outcomes related to overall "social" or nonpulmonary functional status were classified and compared according to a scale constructed to assess @entity1 ' well-being preoperatively and at the 6th postoperative month. RESULTS: The mean age was 24.4 years and 47 @entity1 (58%) were male. Surgical treatment was lobectomy in 37 (45%), pneumonectomy in 10 (12%), segmentectomy in 13 (16%), and lobectomy plus segmentectomy in 22 (27%) of the operations. Complete resection of disease was achieved in 69 @entity1 (85%). There was no operative mortality. The rate of morbidity was 18.3%. Improvement to a functional status of excellent was observed in 81.7% and improvement to a status of good was seen in 12.7% of @entity1 ; 5.6% experienced no change. The results of complete resection were significantly better than those of incomplete resection (P=.0015). CONCLUSION: Functional results of surgical treatment for @entity4595 in this series suggest that the outcomes are favorable and promising, particularly in selected @entity1 with sufficient pulmonary reserves and @entity66 who are suitable for complete resection.

title: [Functional results of surgical treatment of XXXX in a developing country].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) affect millions of @entity1 worldwide, and are characterized by impairment in social interaction and communication, and specific repetitive behavioral patterns. Growing evidence highlights a role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of @entity72 . Specifically, @entity2939 activation has been shown to be associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as @entity2438 in offspring. @entity1110 oxidase ( @entity1113 ) derived reactive @entity26 species (ROS) have also been shown to play pathogenic role under inflammatory conditions. However, the role of @entity2939 in the regulation of @entity1113 derived ROS has not been explored in @entity72 , particularly in T cells. Therefore, this study explored @entity2939 and @entity1113 related signaling in peripheral T cells of @entity72 @entity1 (n=35) and age-matched typically developing @entity1 (n=30). In this study, we find that @entity72 individuals have increased @entity2939 expression on T cells which is associated with increased @entity1113 expression and ROS generation as compared to typically developing @entity1 . Moreover, activation of @entity2939 on T cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro leads to enhanced generation of @entity1113 derived ROS via nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) pathway. These data support a link between T cell @entity2939 activation and @entity1113 /ROS upregulation in @entity72 @entity1 . Our study has implications in the context of neuroinflammation observed in @entity72 @entity1 as ROS may lead to amplification and perpetuation of inflammation both in the periphery and central nervous system. Our data also suggest that therapeutic targeting of @entity2939 signaling may lead to @entity32 of @entity72 @entity1 .

title: @entity2939 signaling is associated with upregulated @entity1110 oxidase expression in peripheral T cells of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of an established programme of occupational therapy in maintaining functional activity and reducing further health risks from inactivity in care home residents living with @entity64 sequelae. DESIGN: Pragmatic, parallel group, cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 228 care homes (>10 beds each), both with and without the provision of nursing care, local to 11 trial administrative centres across the United Kingdom. @entity1 : 1042 care home residents with a history of @entity64 or transient @entity2142 , including those with language and @entity73 , not receiving end of life care. 114 homes (n=568 residents, 64% from homes providing nursing care) were allocated to the intervention arm and 114 homes (n=474 residents, 65% from homes providing nursing care) to standard care (control arm). Participating care homes were randomised between May 2010 and March 2012. INTERVENTION: Targeted three month programme of occupational therapy, delivered by qualified occupational therapists and assistants, involving @entity1 centred goal setting, education of care home staff, and adaptations to the environment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome at the @entity1 level: scores on the Barthel index of activities of daily living at three months post-randomisation. Secondary outcome measures at the @entity1 level: Barthel index scores at six and 12 months post-randomisation, and scores on the Rivermead mobility index, geriatric @entity308 scale-15, and EuroQol EQ-5D-3L questionnaire, at all time points. RESULTS: 64% of the @entity1 were @entity1 and 93% were white, with a mean age of 82.9 years. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups for all measures, personal characteristics, and diagnostic tests. Overall, 2538 occupational therapy visits were made to 498 @entity1 in the intervention arm (mean 5.1 visits per @entity1 ). No adverse events attributable to the intervention were recorded. 162 (11%) died before the primary outcome time point, and 313 (30%) died over the 12 months of the trial. The primary outcome measure did not differ significantly between the treatment arms. The adjusted mean difference in Barthel index score at three months was 0.19 points higher in the intervention arm (95% confidence interval -0.33 to 0.70, P=0.48). Secondary outcome measures also showed no significant differences at all time points. CONCLUSIONS: This large phase III study provided no evidence of benefit for the provision of a routine occupational therapy service, including staff training, for care home residents living with @entity64 related disabilities. The established three month individualised course of occupational therapy targeting @entity64 related disabilities did not have an impact on measures of functional activity, mobility, mood, or health related quality of life, at all observational time points. Providing and targeting ameliorative care in this clinically complex population requires alternative strategies.Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN00757750.

title: An occupational therapy intervention for residents with XXXX related disabilities in UK care homes (OTCH): cluster randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic attack']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Two forms of a @entity17153 mRNA methyltransferase have been partially purified using a T7 transcript coding for @entity19 @entity9796 reductase as an RNA substrate. Both enzyme forms modify internal @entity5536 residues within the RNA substrate. The enzymes were purified 357- and 37-fold respectively from nuclear salt extracts prepared from HeLa cells using @entity8851 -cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography. The activity of the first form of the enzyme eluted from @entity8851 -cellulose (major form) was at least 3-fold greater than that of the second (minor form). H.p.l.c. analysis of the hydrolysed, methylated mRNA substrates demonstrated that both forms of the enzyme produced only @entity17153 . The two forms of the enzyme differed in their RNA substrate specificity as well as in the dependence for a 5' cap structure. The @entity17153 mRNA methyltransferase activity was found to be elevated in HeLa nuclei as compared with nuclear extracts from @entity35 kidney and brain. Enzymic activity could not be detected in nuclei from either normal @entity35 liver or regenerating @entity35 liver. In the case of the HeLa cell, activity could only be detected in nuclear extracts, with a small amount in the ribosomal fraction. Other HeLa subcellular fractions were void of activity.

title: Partial purification of a XXXX mRNA methyltransferase which modifies internal @entity5536 residues.

entities_list: @entity17153 :: ('MESH:C005955', 'Chemical') :: ['6-methyladenine']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

answer: @entity17153 :: (MESH:C005955,Chemical) :: ['6-methyladenine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Infections and @entity715 are known complications of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). We investigated if infectious episodes in @entity1 with @entity1252 were followed by an increased risk of @entity715 events. METHODS: A cohort of 571 @entity1 with prevalent or incident @entity1252 was followed for a mean of 8.9    7.6 years. All episodes of hospitalized @entity281 or episodes of @entity4091 as well as arterial and venous @entity715 events were identified by retrospective chart review and prospective updating of a clinical database. For time-dependent analyses adjusted for age, sex, and ever-presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, @entity715 events were classified as occurring during the time at risk of 1 year after an @entity281 or during the remaining control observation time. RESULTS: Of 271 @entity281 identified, 104 were respiratory, 41 @entity4091 , and 126 others. Of 159 @entity715 identified, 98 were arterial. Incidence for @entity455 within 1 year after @entity281 was 2.18% and 2.56%, respectively, compared to @entity1 who never had an @entity281 (0.58 and 0.67). The adjusted 1-year risk of arterial and @entity49 after any @entity281 was increased [relative rate (RR) 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.6, and RR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-5.9, respectively]. @entity1150 were in particular more prevalent after @entity1729 (RR 5.4, 95% CI 2.3-13). CONCLUSION: The temporal associations observed in this study indicate that @entity281 could be risk factors for arterial or @entity1150 in @entity1 with @entity1252 , although causality was not addressed by this study.

title: Infections @entity455 in Danish @entity1 with @entity1252 : 5102 XXXX -years of followup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial and venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboses', 'Venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Study design:Retrospective study.Objectives:To study the effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation in @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) @entity1 .Setting:Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital.Subjects: @entity1566 @entity1 admitted from 2006 to 2010.Methods:Medical records of @entity1566 @entity1 including baseline characteristic, functional score using Barthel index (BI), length of stay (LOS) and complications were reviewed. The effectiveness and efficiency were calculated by difference of BI admission and BI discharge (  BI) and   BI/LOS, respectively. The factors associated with the effectiveness were then determined by multivariate linear regression analysis.Results:There were 201 admissions with complete data. There were 164 (81.6%) admissions that had objective for intensive rehabilitation. The average LOS was 39.8 days (s.d.=23.6). BI score was significantly increased after inpatient rehabilitation with the effectiveness of 13.0 (s.d.=15.2) and BI efficiency of 0.37 score per day (s.d.=0.47). @entity1566 @entity1 admitted for intensive rehabilitation goal had significantly better BI effectiveness and efficiency compared with other objective group. Only the objective of admission for intensive rehabilitation, the shorter duration of onset before admission, lower BI score on admission and absence of comorbidity were found to associate with the change of BI score.Conclusion:Inpatient rehabilitation is considered as important part for improving @entity1566 @entity1 ' functional abilities. The shorter duration between @entity1566 and rehabilitation, a lower BI score on admission, the absence of comorbidity and the ability to undertake an intensive rehabilitation program were positively associated with the effectiveness of rehabilitation. These factors should be taken care during inpatient rehabilitation program.Spinal Cord advance online publication, 17 February 2015; doi:10.1038/sc.2015.8.

title: The effectiveness of inpatients rehabilitation for spinal cord XXXX in Siriraj hospital.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: ABSTRACT @entity7954 carboxylase (PEPC) is a crucial enzyme that catalyses an irreversible primary metabolic reaction in plants. Previous studies have used transgenic plants expressing ectopic PEPC forms with diminished feedback inhibition to examine the role of PEPC in @entity505 and @entity1568 metabolism. To date, the in vivo role of PEPC in @entity505 and @entity1568 metabolism has not been analyzed in plants. In this study, we examined the role of PEPC in plants, demonstrating that @entity60483 and @entity60484 were highly expressed genes encoding PEPC in @entity958 ( @entity958 .) leaves, and that @entity60483 and PEPC2 accounted for approximately 93% total PEPC activity in the leaves. A double mutant, @entity60485 , was constructed, which exhibited a severe growth-arrest phenotype. The ppc1/ @entity60484 mutant accumulated more starch and @entity969 than @entity164 ( @entity164 ) plants when seedlings were grown under normal conditions. Physiological and metabolic analysis revealed that decreased PEPC activity in the ppc1/ @entity60484 mutant greatly reduced the synthesis of @entity5910 and @entity1792 and severely suppressed @entity3104 assimilation. Furthermore, @entity1507 levels in the ppc1/ @entity60484 mutant were significantly lower than those in @entity164 plants due to suppression of @entity3104 assimilation. Interestingly, starch and @entity969 accumulation could be prevented and @entity1507 levels could be maintained by supplying the @entity60485 mutant with exogenous @entity5910 and @entity2227 , suggesting that low @entity1568 status resulted in the alteration of @entity505 metabolism and prompted the accumulation of starch and @entity969 in the ppc1/ @entity60484 mutant. Our results demonstrate that PEPC in the leaves plays a crucial role in modulating the balance of @entity505 and @entity1568 metabolism in @entity958 .

title: @entity7954 Carboxylase in @entity958 Leaves Plays a Crucial Role in @entity505 and XXXX Metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['Nitrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Categorization of @entity694 into distinct subtypes using a combination of pathway-based biomarkers could provide insight into stage-independent variability in outcomes. METHODS: We used a polymerase chain reaction-based assay to detect mutations in @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) and in @entity984 in 2720 @entity5 samples, collected prospectively from @entity1 participating in an adjuvant chemotherapy trial (NCCTG N0147). @entity5 or proficient in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) were identified based on detection of @entity6756 , @entity4311 , and @entity4638 proteins and methylation of the @entity6756 promoter. Findings were validated using @entity5 samples from a separate set of @entity1 with @entity5 (n  = 783). Association with 5-year disease-free survival was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: @entity5 were categorized into 5 subtypes based on MMR status and detection of @entity817 or @entity984 mutations which were mutually exclusive. Three subtypes were MMR proficient: those with mutations in @entity817 (6.9% of samples), mutations in @entity984 (35%), or @entity5 lacking either @entity817 or @entity984 mutations (49%). Two subtypes were MMR deficient: the sporadic type (6.8%) with @entity817 mutation and/or or hypermethylation of @entity6756 and the familial type (2.6%), which lacked @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) or hypermethylation of @entity6756 . A higher percentage of @entity5527 with @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) were proximal (76%), high-grade (44%), N2 stage (59%), and detected in @entity1 (59%), compared with @entity5527 without @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) or @entity984 mutations (33%, 19%, 41%, and 42%, respectively; all P < .0001). A significantly lower proportion of @entity1 with @entity5527 with mutant @entity817 (hazard ratio  = 1.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.85; Padjusted  = .0065) or mutant @entity984 (hazard ratio  = 1.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.27-1.74; Padjusted < .0001) survived disease-free for 5 years compared with @entity1 whose @entity5527 lacked mutations in either gene. Disease-free survival rates of @entity1 with @entity5527 sporadic or familial subtypes was similar to those of @entity1 with @entity5527 without @entity817 or @entity984 mutations. The observed differences in survival rates of @entity1 with different @entity5 subtypes were validated in an independent cohort. CONCLUSIONS: We identified subtypes of @entity5 , based on detection of mutations in @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) or @entity984 , and MMR status that show differences in clinical and pathologic features and disease-free survival. @entity1 with @entity5527 and @entity817 or @entity984 mutations had statistically shorter survival times than @entity1 whose @entity5 lacked these mutations. The @entity5 subtype found in nearly half of the study cohort (MMR-proficient without @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) or @entity984 mutations) had similar outcomes to those of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Molecular Markers Identify Subtypes of XXXX Associated With @entity1 Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III cancer', 'tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'stage III colon cancer', 'Tumors deficient', 'MMR-deficient cancers']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['MMR-proficient tumors', 'MMR-deficient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage III Colon Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In studies with small numbers of cases, it has been shown that endoscopic resection of @entity652 in @entity31 represents adequate treatment. In a larger study cohort with more prolonged follow up, we assessed the reliability of this finding. METHODS: Between 1988 and 2002, 148 consecutive @entity1 , mainly from private gastroenterologists' practices, with @entity31 were diagnosed as having an @entity652 . In 60 @entity1 , histological diagnosis was established in biopsies and in 87 @entity1 in polypectomy specimens; one @entity1 underwent proctocolectomy following diagnosis. The outcome of these @entity1 was analysed after a mean follow up period of 6.0 (3.63) years. RESULTS: Among 60 @entity1 , surprisingly without endoscopic treatment, 48.3% developed @entity31 associated @entity5 in the same colon segment (23.3% low grade intraepithelial @entity5 ; 8.3% high grade intraepithelial @entity5 ; 16.7% @entity189 ). Among 87 @entity1 undergoing polypectomy of the @entity652 , follow up revealed @entity1960 associated @entity5 in other segments of colon in 4.6% of cases. CONCLUSION: Development of @entity420 in a total of 6.7% of the overall @entity1 group, and in 2.3% of those undergoing polypectomy, indicates that biopsy based diagnosis of an @entity652 in @entity31 must be considered to mandate endoscopic resection of the lesion; 40% of affected @entity1 did not receive any form of endoscopic @entity75 . This shows that the most recent guidelines are not followed in a considerable number of @entity1 with @entity31 in private practice in Germany. Although polypectomy of the @entity652 represents adequate therapy, further regular follow up examinations are nevertheless necessary.

title: @entity652 in XXXX : endoscopic resection is an adequate treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Emerging evidence suggests a @entity1141 -CIS-invasive @entity189 sequence in the pancreas. @entity788 ( @entity788 ; small, incidental duct lesions) progress to @entity420 (5-y survival of < 15%), whereas @entity4929 (large, @entity5 with @entity384 ) are often associated with @entity3079 (5-y survival of > 55%). We explored the relationship of these lesions by examining the expression of @entity2355 and @entity5091 , glycoproteins reportedly reflecting "aggressive" and "indolent" phenotypes in @entity788 , respectively. Immunohistochemical labeling with @entity2355 (clone Ma695) and @entity5091 (clone Ccp58) antibodies was performed on @entity788 (n = 43), @entity4929 (n = 74), ductal @entity420 (n = 136), and @entity3079 (n = 15). Fifty-four percent of the @entity4929 expressed @entity5091 , whereas none of the @entity788 did. In contrast, @entity788 , especially higher grade lesions, were often positive for @entity2355 (61% of PanIN 3), whereas the expression of this glycoprotein was infrequent in @entity4929 (20%). This dichotomy was further accentuated in the @entity189 with which these two preinvasive pathways are respectively associated: all @entity3079 were @entity5091 + (100%) and @entity2355 - (0%), whereas the labeling pattern was the reverse for ductal @entity420 : 63% were @entity2355 + and only 1% were @entity5091 +. These results support a @entity1141 -CIS sequence in the pancreas. Because these two pathways often lead to different types of @entity189 , this is an invaluable model for the study of @entity105 . The findings here also support the previous impression that @entity5091 (the @entity3558 associated with gel formation) is a marker of the "indolent" pathway ( @entity4929 and @entity3079 ), whereas @entity2355 (the glycoprotein known to have an inhibitory role in cell-cell and cell-stroma interactions as well as in immunoresistance of @entity5 cells) is a marker of the "aggressive" pathway (PanIN to @entity420 ).

title: The dichotomy in the preinvasive @entity5 to invasive @entity189 sequence in the pancreas: differential expression of @entity2355 and @entity5091 supports the existence of two separate pathways of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PanINs', 'Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['colloid carcinomas', 'colloid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intraductal tumors']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ductal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'ductal adenocarcinoma', 'invasive ductal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dichotomy in the dysplasia']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: Herein we show the synthesis and characterization of water dispersible composites formed by @entity16903 and the natural polymer gum Arabic (GA), used as stabilizer. The materials were synthesized via a rapid and straightforward method and were fully characterized by different techniques such as UV-Vis, Raman, FTIR, TEM, SEM and cyclic voltammetry. TEM and SEM images revealed that the proportion of stabilizer highly influences the growth mechanism of the nanostructures. It was found spherical particles, elongated structures and large agglomerates at the lower, intermediate and at the higher GA amount, respectively. Accordingly to fluorescence spectra, different hydrophobic structures are formed depending on the GA amount in aqueous solutions, possibly acting as hosting sites for the PANI growth. In order to further study the PANI polymerization in the presence of GA, kinetics experiments were performed and showed that nucleation is the limiting step for the composite growth and a model is proposed. Spectroscopic experiments showed that the presence of GA affects the PANI conformation, avoiding the formation of @entity11098 structures which highly impairs the electroactivity of PANI. The material integrity is achieved by strong @entity3884 bond interactions between PANI and GA as evidenced by the study of specific NH bands in FTIR and Raman analyses. The intensity of the @entity3884 bonds decreased upon higher amounts of GA, probably due to steric impediment around the NH sites. Cyclic voltammograms showed a good electroactivity behavior of the modified electrodes presenting distinguishable diffusional processes through the adsorbed composites. By this way, we have thoroughly investigated the formation and properties of new conducting polymer composite materials. Taken into account the @entity137 of GA and the excellent dispersity in water, the materials can successfully be applied in bioelectrochemical applications or as green corrosion inhibitors.

title: The use of gum Arabic as "Green" stabilizer of XXXX nanocomposites: a comprehensive study of spectroscopic, morphological and electrochemical properties.

entities_list: @entity16903 :: ('MESH:C416807', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(aniline)']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['low toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity11098 :: ('CHEBI:36674', 'Chemical') :: ['phenazine']

answer: @entity16903 :: (MESH:C416807,Chemical) :: ['poly(aniline)']


abstract: AIMS: To assess visual outcome, @entity5 control and treatment-related morbidity in @entity1 with @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 45 @entity1 (13 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 , median age 46 years) with @entity1781 (51 optic nerves involved) treated in a single institution between 1997 and 2010 was carried out. FSRT was delivered to a dose of 50 Gy in 30 or 33 fractions as primary treatment in 39 @entity1 and after surgery in six @entity1 . RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 30 months (range 1-13 years), the @entity5 control in 41 evaluable @entity1 (four were lost to follow-up) was 100% at 5 years with no subsequent local or distant recurrence. Of the 46 evaluable optic nerves treated, 41 had residual vision (38 with @entity227 ) before radiotherapy and five were blind in one eye. There was no recovery of vision in any of the @entity735 . Of 41 optic nerves with residual vision, 13 had improvement, 24 remained stable and four deteriorated; two @entity1 (4%) developed @entity989 . One @entity1 developed @entity732 in the untreated eye 10 years after treatment. CONCLUSION: FSRT is highly effective at controlling the growth of @entity1781 with improvement or stabilisation of visual deficit in 89% of the optic nerves retaining some vision, albeit with a small risk of radiation-induced @entity989 . The results support the use of FSRT as an effective approach in the management of ONSM. The lack of functional benefit in @entity1 with severe @entity227 would argue for earlier institution of treatment before complete @entity227 is established.

title: Fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual impairment', 'impaired vision']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['blind eyes']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ONSMs', 'optic nerve sheath meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'radiation retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['a central retinal artery occlusion']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic nerve sheath meningiomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early radiotherapy concurrent with chemotherapy appears to have prognostic benefits in @entity1 with limited disease @entity4153 . @entity2600 / @entity900 have been shown to be superior to a standard treatment with @entity2879 / @entity900 in extensive disease @entity4153 . The present phase I study aims to assess the feasibility of @entity2600 / @entity900 administered concurrently with radiotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 were treated concurrently with conventional fractionated radiotherapy (1.8-45 Gy + 9 Gy (RP)) and two cycles of @entity2600 (40/50/60 mg/m2, Day 1/8/15, 29/36/43) and @entity900 (20 mg/m2, Days 1-3, 29-31), and four cycles of consolidation chemotherapy (CT). In addition, @entity1 in complete remission (CR) received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). Dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) was defined as any case grade III/IV non-hematological @entity137 ( @entity2910 grade IV), grade IV @entity1431 or grades III/IV @entity882 (CTC) during RCT. RESULTS: No DLT was observed; an @entity2600 dose of 60 mg/m2 is recommended. 3/12 @entity1 developed @entity1431 , one grade II @entity55 . The predominant @entity137 was @entity2910 , grade II in 7/12 @entity1 , grade III in 5/12. After RCT 7/12 @entity1 were in CR, systemic progression was not observed during RCT. CONCLUSION: Concurrent RCT with @entity2600 (60 mg/m2) and @entity900 followed by four cycles of CT can be safely administered.

title: Simultaneous chemoradiotherapy with @entity2600 and XXXX in limited disease small cell lung cancer: a phase I study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia', 'grade III leukopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: We examined three @entity1 who developed @entity1036 after myopic photorefractive keratectomy. All @entity1 were treated on the same day and in all three cases @entity1604 tablets were used for disinfection of the excimer laser iris cone. All @entity1 developed an intense @entity86 that resulted in corneal @entity231 . In the first @entity1 , the @entity231 were central and persisted for at least 4 1/2 months postoperatively. He became more myopic than before the operation. His best spectacle-corrected visual acuity worsened by four Snellen lines. In the other two @entity1 , the corneal @entity231 were paracentral and of less density. Six months postoperatively, these @entity231 were barely seen. In these two @entity1 the postoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity remained unchanged or improved one Snellen line compared to the preoperative level. In all three @entity1 , @entity940 increased postoperatively. These observations suggest that @entity1604 tablets are not safe for the disinfection of the excimer laser iris cone.

title: XXXX -induced @entity1036 after photorefractive keratectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacities']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative corneal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity1604 :: (MESH:C003043,Chemical) :: ['Paraformaldehyde']


abstract: Sentinel lymph node biopsy was attempted in 336 @entity1 with clinically node-negative @entity320 . All @entity1 were injected with @entity1136 labelled radiocolloid, with 108 @entity1 simultaneously receiving vital blue dye for sentinel node identification. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified in 329 @entity1 , giving a technical success rate of 97.9%. @entity3 was identified in 39 (11.9%) of the @entity1 in whom sentinel nodes were found. @entity1 with negative sentinel nodes were observed and @entity1 with positive sentinel nodes underwent comprehensive lymph node dissection. The presence of @entity3 in the sentinel nodes and primary @entity5 depth by Breslow or Clark levels were joint predictors of survival based on Cox proportional hazards modelling. Disease recurrences occurred in 26 (8.8%) @entity1 with negative sentinel lymph nodes, with isolated regional recurrences as the first site in 10 (3.4%). No @entity1 with Clark level II primary @entity5 were found to have positive sentinel nodes or disease recurrences. One @entity1 with a thin (<0.75 mm) Clark level III primary had @entity3 in a sentinel node. @entity1 with metastases confined to the sentinel nodes had similar survival rates regardless of the number of nodes involved.

title: Gamma probe guided biopsy of the sentinel node in XXXX : a multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: @entity3620 is strongly associated with @entity1355 exposure. Among @entity1355 fibers, @entity17110 is considered the most and chrysotile the least oncogenic. Chrysotile accounts for more than 90% of the @entity1355 used worldwide, but its capacity to induce @entity3620 is still debated. We found that chrysotile and @entity17110 exposures have similar effects on @entity1 mesothelial cells. Morphological and molecular alterations suggestive of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, such as @entity5962 down-regulation and @entity3546 phosphorylation followed by nuclear translocation, were induced by both chrysotile and @entity17110 . Gene expression profiling revealed @entity518 protein ( @entity518 ) as a key regulator of the transcriptional alterations induced by both types of @entity1355 . @entity17110 and chrysotile induced differential expression of 438 out of 28,869 genes interrogated by oligonucleotide microarrays. Out of these 438 genes, 57 were associated with inflammatory and immune response and @entity5 , and 14 were @entity518 targeted genes. @entity17110 -induced gene alterations were sustained, whereas chrysotile-induced gene alterations returned to background levels within 5 weeks. Similarly, @entity518 release in vivo progressively increased for 10 or more weeks after @entity17110 exposure, but returned to background levels within 8 weeks after chrysotile exposure. Continuous administration of chrysotile was required for sustained high serum levels of @entity518 . These data support the hypothesis that differences in biopersistence influence the biological activities of these two @entity1355 fibers.

title: Continuous exposure to chrysotile @entity1355 can cause transformation of XXXX mesothelial cells via @entity518 and TNF-a signaling.

entities_list: @entity518 :: ('3146', 'Gene') :: ['high-mobility group box-1', 'HMGB1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity17110 :: ('MESH:D017638', 'Chemical') :: ['crocidolite', 'Crocidolite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The vanilloid receptor ( @entity4412 ) is viewed as a molecular integrator of several nociceptive stimuli. In the present study, we have investigated the role played by @entity4412 in the nociceptive response induced by the peripheral activation of kinin B(2) receptor in @entity19 . 2. The intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of @entity1812 (BK) and the selective B(2) agonist Tyr(8)-BK, or the vanilloid agonists resiniferatoxin and @entity2951 , into the @entity19 paw induced a dose-related overt nociception of short duration. The B(2) receptor antagonist @entity19616 inhibited BK-induced, but not @entity2951 -induced, nociceptive response. On the other hand, the @entity4412 antagonist @entity4413 inhibited both @entity2951 - and BK-mediated nociception. 3. Repeated injections of BK or @entity2951 produced desensitization to their nociceptive response. @entity2951 desensitization greatly reduced BK-induced nociception, but in contrast, the desensitization to BK increased the @entity2951 response. 4. Administration of low doses of @entity2951 or acidified saline did not produce nociception when administered alone, but caused a pronounced effect when administered in association with a subthreshold dose of BK. Moreover, the degeneration of the subset of primary afferent fibers, sensitive to @entity2951 , abolished both @entity2951 - and BK-induced nociception. 5. The inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C or phospholipase A(2) markedly decreased the nociception caused by BK, but not that of @entity2951 . BK administration increased @entity8285 levels in the injected paw. Likewise, BK-induced overt nociception was decreased by lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition. 6. These results demonstrate that BK produces overt nociception mediated by @entity4412 receptor stimulation, via PLC pathway activation and LOX product formation.

title: Contribution of vanilloid receptors to the overt nociception induced by B2 kinin receptor activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8285 :: ('MESH:D007975', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene B(4)']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity4413 :: ('MESH:C071423', 'Chemical') :: ['capsazepine']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is a clinically significant problem. Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging indicated structural changes in the cerebral white matter of @entity1 with @entity73 . Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H), a major structural protein in axons, was recently reported to be elevated in the serum of @entity1 with some @entity6220 . We performed a cross-sectional analysis of neuropsychological test results and serum pNF-H levels in @entity1 undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 . Our hypothesis was that @entity73 is accompanied by @entity21 that can be detected by elevated serum pNF-H levels. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Seventy-six @entity1 with early @entity0 in various phases of treatment (na  ve to chemotherapy; after one, three, or seven cycles of chemotherapy; or with a history of chemotherapy) were assessed by self-administered neuropsychological tests and a single pNF-H measurement. The   (2) and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Increased pNF-H levels were observed in 28.8% of the @entity1 who underwent chemotherapy, but in none of the chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 or @entity1 with a history of chemotherapy. The pNF-H-positive rate increased significantly in proportion to the number of chemotherapy cycles (one cycle, 5.0%; three cycles, 31.6%; seven cycles, 55.0%; P < 0.05). No significant differences in neuropsychological test results were observed among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The serum pNF-H level in @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy for @entity0 increased in a cumulative dose-dependent manner, suggesting its potential application as a biomarker of @entity16 after chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1348-52.   2015 AACR.

title: Potential Role of pNF-H, a Biomarker of Axonal Damage in the Central Nervous System, as a Predictive Marker of Chemotherapy-Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system disorders']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['CICI', 'Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neural damage']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal damage']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Deep-tissue injury (DTI) is a unique type of pressure ulcer (PU) in which deep-tissue damage expands outwards to the superficial skin. DTI progresses rapidly into a severe PU, despite initially appearing as only a bruise or darkened tissue in the superficial skin. Although some DTI detection methods are available, there is currently no strategy for treating deteriorating DTI. This study investigated the efficacy of vibration therapy for preventing @entity3145 through down-regulation of the @entity519 -inducible factor-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) axis in @entity35 . We prepared a conventional PU @entity35 model (PU group) and a @entity3145 @entity35 model (DTI group). The DTI group was further divided into two groups subjected to vibration and control treatments, respectively. Macroscopic and histological features, @entity519 , oxidative stress, apoptosis, and @entity11017 and @entity6929 activities in compressed skin were analyzed. @entity519 , oxidative stress, and MMP activity were enhanced in the DTI group compared with the PU group. Vibration remarkably inhibited @entity3145 , @entity519 , and the expression/activities of @entity11017 and @entity6929 . These results suggest that vibration therapy can effectively attenuate deterioration of DTI. This report provides the first evidence for a therapeutic treatment for deteriorating DTI.

title: Vibration inhibits deterioration in XXXX deep-tissue injury through   HIF1-MMP axis.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['DTI deterioration']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the point prevalence of @entity239 ( @entity239 ) among noninstitutionalized Canadian adults; and to assess the effect of demographic variables on the odds of having @entity239 . METHODS: A screening questionnaire was administered via telephone to a random community sample of 3395 noninstitutionalized adults residing in London, Ontario. Individuals screening positive were invited to be examined by a rheumatologist to confirm or exclude @entity239 using the 1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. RESULTS: One hundred confirmed cases of @entity239 were identified, of whom 86 were @entity1 . Mean age among @entity239 cases was 49.2 years among @entity1 , 39.3 years among @entity1 (p < 0.02). @entity239 affects an estimated 4.9% (95% CI 4.7%, 5.1%) of adult @entity1 and 1.6% (1.3%, 1.9%) of adult @entity1 in London, for a female to male ratio of roughly 3 to one. In @entity1 , prevalence rises steadily with age from < 1% in @entity1 aged 18-30 to almost 8% in @entity1 55-64. Thereafter, it declines. The peak prevalence in @entity1 also appears to be in middle age (2.5%; 1.1%, 5.7%). @entity239 affects 3.3% (3.2%, 3.4%) of noninstitutionalized adults in London. Female sex, middle age, less education, lower household income, being divorced, and being disabled are associated with increased odds of having @entity239 . CONCLUSION: @entity239 is a common @entity85 among Canadian adults, especially among @entity1 and @entity1 of lower socioeconomic status.

title: The @entity239 Epidemiology Study: the prevalence of XXXX in London, Ontario.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorder']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome', 'FM']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repeated stress paradigms have been shown to cause devastating alterations on memory functions. Stress is linked with @entity32 . Psychological and certain physical stressors could lead to neuroinflammation. Inflammatory process may occur by release of mediators and stimulate the production of @entity2918 through cyclooxygenase (COX). Treatment with COX inhibitors, which restrain @entity3009 production, has enhanced memory in a number of neuroinflammatory states showing a potential function for raised @entity2918 in these memory shortfalls. In the present study, potential therapeutic effects of @entity3352 and @entity3522 on memory in both unrestraint and restraint @entity35 were observed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two components, long term memory and short term memory were examined by Morris water maze (MWM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) respectively. The present study also demonstrated the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and activities of antioxidant enzymes along with the activity of @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ). Results of MWM and EPM showed significant effects of drugs in both unrestraint and restraint @entity35 as escape latency and transfer latency, in respective behavioral models were decreased as compared to that of control. This study also showed NSAIDs administration decreased LPO and increased antioxidant enzymes activity and decreased @entity4833 activity in @entity35 exposed to repeated stress. CONCLUSION: In conclusion this study suggests a therapeutic potential of @entity3352 and @entity3522 against repeated stress-induced @entity2414 .

title: Attenuation of stress induced XXXX by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in @entity35 : Role of antioxidant enzymes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory deficits']


abstract: Located between the open reading frames encoding the matrix (M) and the fusion (F) protein the morbillivirus genome contains an unusually large non-coding intercistronic region (M-F UTR) of up to 5.6% of the full length genome. Any function(s) of this region have largely remained obscure. Here, we analyze the M-F UTR and the proximal coding part of the downstream F gene of several recent @entity235 distemper morbillivirus ( @entity31338 ) wild-type (wt) isolates and vaccine strains. While the F gene coding part appeared to be highly conserved (about 93% homology), a considerable degree of strain-specific variation of up to 21.4% was evident when comparing the M-F UTR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a co-circulation of several contemporary @entity31338 genotypes within a close geographic range (central Europe). A remarkably distinct @entity31338 wt lineage, so far detected only in mustelids, is displayed. A rather non-scattered pattern of mutations within the M-F UTR suggested superimposition of RNA sequence and/or secondary structure constraints. Extensive folding in the long (460 nt) and moderately GC-rich 5'-UTR of the F mRNA was evident, particularly around the putative F protein translation initiation codon (AUG461 of the Onderstepoort vaccine strain). The region immediately preceding the putative F initiation site also harbored the only mutation unique to both vaccine strains within the F-5'UTR (position 455: Awt vs. Cvac). The putative F protein start codon, AUG461, was found to be mutated to AUA or GUA in all wt isolates analyzed and in another vaccine strain (Rockborn). Possible consequences for F protein translation initiation in wt @entity31338 are discussed.

title: Genetic analysis of the central untranslated genome region and the proximal coding part of the F gene of wild-type and vaccine XXXX distemper morbilliviruses.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of revascularization extent (RE) on the long-term prognosis of @entity1 with @entity5749 who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were unknown. HYPOTHESIS: The study was aimed at evaluating whether there was an effect of RE on @entity1 presenting with @entity5749 . METHODS: RE, which was calculated by baseline SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score minus residue SYNTAX score divided by baseline SYNTAX score, was initially used in our study. Five hundred fifty-eight @entity1 presenting with @entity5749 were assigned to and compared among tertiles according to RE and clinical outcomes. The primary end point was the major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), a composite of @entity204 , nonfatal @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and any repeat revascularization. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 56.9 months (interquartile range, 52.1-63.6). The incidence of MACE increased significantly as RE increased (13.3%, 31.4%, and 44.1%, log-rank P < 0.001). The same tendency was observed in occurrences of @entity177 ( @entity177 ) (a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , or target-vessel revascularization) (8.8%, 20.3%, and 28.4%, log-rank P < 0.001), repeat revascularization (11.8%, 26.2%, and 35.6%, log-rank P < 0.001), and @entity583 (1.1%, 2.9%, and 12.6%, log-rank P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the tendencies mentioned above. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 presenting with @entity5749 , the increasing extent of revascularization resulted in a less favorable prognosis.

title: The relationship between revascularization extent and the long-term prognosis of XXXX with stable angina pectoris and three-vessel disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention in the era of drug-eluting stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina pectoris and 3-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['TVF', 'target-vessel failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity64 -like episodes in @entity1 with mitochondrial @entity20066 ( @entity20066 ) remains unknown. METHODS: Fourteen @entity64 -like episodes in six @entity1 with @entity20066 were studied using clinical, neuroradiologic, and electrophysiologic approaches. In two @entity1 postmortem examination was done. RESULTS: @entity10 and @entity302 were the most common presenting symptoms. In 13 of 14 episodes the cerebral cortex was primarily involved with variable subcortical @entity4 particularly in the temporal, occipital, and parietal cortex. Repeated MRI performed in two episodes revealed progressive spread of the cortical lesion to the surrounding cortex for a few weeks after the onset of symptoms. In 6 of 11 episodes T1-weighted hyperintense cortical signal compatible with @entity75 was seen during subacute stage of the episode. Fat-suppression MRI confirmed intracortical @entity548 in one episode. @entity8094 were also pathologically confirmed in the autopsy of another @entity1 . In 9 of 11 episodes focal @entity302 on EEG were noted in the acute @entity75 . In seven of nine episodes focal cortical hyperperfusion was seen in SPECT studies. CONCLUSION: The @entity64 -like episodes in @entity20066 may reflect @entity528 , which increases energy demand and creates energy imbalance between energy requirement and adequate availability of @entity855 due to oxidative phosphorylation defect particularly in the susceptible neuronal population, causing cortical @entity39 . The episodic nature of @entity64 -like episodes is unexplained.

title: XXXX in @entity64 -like episodes of @entity20066 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity20066 :: ('MESH:D017241', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes', 'MELAS']

entities_list: @entity8094 :: ('MESH:C566332', 'Disease') :: ['Petechial gyral microhemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gyral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical laminar necrosis', 'brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizure', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal hyperexcitability']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['Neuronal hyperexcitability']


abstract: The in vitro effect of @entity60 ) on @entity842 (NO) production in a @entity19 @entity6689 + B1-like cell line, TH2.52, was studied. The TH2.52 cell line is the hybridoma line between @entity19 B lymphoma line and @entity19 splenic B cells and expresses a series of B1 markers. @entity60 induced a marked NO production in TH2.52 cells through the expression of an inducible type of NO synthase ( @entity13633 ). @entity60 -induced NO production was triggered by the Janus @entity669 kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway since it was inhibited by @entity22943 , a @entity16404 inhibitor. The growth of TH2.52 cells significantly was inhibited in the presence of @entity60 . A significant number of cells underwent apoptotic cell death, accompanied by the DNA fragmentation, @entity10440 binding, and @entity185 activation. @entity7293 , an @entity13633 inhibitor, prevented @entity60 -induced cell death. Therefore, @entity60 -induced NO production was possible in causing cell death in TH2.52 cells. Further, @entity60 -induced NO production and cell death significantly were prevented by @entity58 , a representative Th2 cytokine. The immunological significance of @entity60 -induced NO production in a @entity19 B1-like cell line is discussed.

title: Gamma interferon-induced @entity842 production in XXXX @entity6689 + B1-like cell line and its association with apoptotic cell death.

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'gamma interferon (IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity6126 ( @entity6126 ) is interrelated with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), there is little information about @entity1 's experiences with @entity6126 , @entity6 , and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). We examined symptoms and TRT use among @entity1 with @entity6126 , with and without @entity6 , who received care within a single United States health plan. METHODS: @entity1 aged >=   18  years with @entity6126 , with and without @entity6 , were identified from the 2008 to 2010 Reliant Medical Group electronic medical record database. Surveys responses compared by @entity6 status using chi-square or Wilcoxon rank sum tests. RESULTS: A total of 93 @entity1 were included (19 with @entity6126 and @entity6 , 74 with @entity6126 only). @entity1 with both @entity6126 and @entity6 were more frequently treated for their @entity6126 by an endocrinologist (52.6%), compared with @entity1 with @entity6126 only (28.4%, p  =  0.058). @entity323 ( @entity323 ) was the primary reason for seeking care among all surveyed @entity1 , although @entity1 with @entity6126 and @entity6 reported experiencing @entity323 more often (94.7%) than @entity1 with @entity6126 only (46.0%, p  <  0.0001). Additional reasons for seeking care were similar between cohorts and included loss of energy and decreased sex drive. Most @entity1 (88.2%) reported using TRT, primarily as injection or gel formulations. Discontinuation of TRT was reported slightly more frequently by @entity1 with @entity6126 and @entity6 (68.4%), compared with @entity1 with @entity6126 only (55.4%, p  >  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information about symptoms and TRT utilisation among @entity6126 @entity1 with and without @entity6 . @entity1 with @entity6126 only were less likely than those with both @entity6126 and @entity6 to report that they were currently experiencing key symptoms compared with when they were first diagnosed, regardless of TRT utilisation, and were less likely to report @entity323 as a current symptom.

title: Symptom report and treatment experience of hypogonadal XXXX with and without type 2 @entity6 in a United States health plan.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'HG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity259 ( @entity259 ) metastasizes early into the regional lymph nodes, but distant metastases occur late. Modified radical neck dissection might improve the treatment results for occultly metastasizing @entity259 . METHODS: The authors report 23 @entity1 after a minimal follow-up of 2 years (median, 36 months). There were 11 female and 12 male @entity1 . The mean age was 43 years (+/- 13 years). The surgical technique included the meticulous dissection of all compartments of the neck, resulting in a unilateral or bilateral modified radical neck dissection with the complete removal of the lymphatic and fatty tissue between important anatomical structures. The surgical boundaries extended cranially to the mastoid, caudally to the brachiocephalic vein involving a transcervical mediastinal dissection, and laterally to the edge of the trapezoid muscle. Ten @entity1 were treated bilaterally and 13 @entity1 unilaterally. RESULTS: The basal calcitonin values of 18 of the 23 @entity1 were postoperatively normalized with 4 @entity1 having normal basal and pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin levels. Five @entity1 with persistently elevated basal serum calcitonin values had a marked reduction of the postoperative @entity175 levels compared with their preoperative concentrations. However, in these five @entity1 histologic abnormalities precluded a surgical cure. The permanent complication rates were tolerable (4 of 33 neck dissections). CONCLUSIONS: The microsurgically extended neck dissection can reduce basal and pentagastrin-stimulated serum calcitonin values to normal levels even after long intervals following primary thyroidectomy.

title: Microsurgical neck dissection for occultly metastasizing XXXX . Three-year results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Limb salvage has become an important alternative to amputation in the treatment of @entity3478 . We sought to determine whether the survivorship of modular proximal femur endoprostheses compares to that of custom implants and if specified factors predict failure. We additionally assessed the intermediate clinical and functional results with regard to complications and outcome. We retrospectively reviewed 96 consecutive @entity1 who underwent endoprosthetic reconstruction for @entity5 and assessed @entity1 , implant, and limb survivorship. The mean @entity1 age was 59 years (range, 14-86 years). The average duration of followup was 18.1 months (range, 1-129 months). Nine (9.3%) prostheses failed and the rate of revision was 7.3% (7/96). Overall implant survival was 82% at 5 years and 10 years. Survivorship of the limb was 99% at 5 years. @entity1 in whom the articulating head segment was a total hip had a higher rate of revision compared with those who had undergone bipolar replacement. The mean MSTS score was 22 points (range, 15-25 points). Modular endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal femur is a durable reconstructive option and implants will generally outlive the @entity1 with @entity5 . Bipolar head segments should be used whenever possible because of increased survival and decreased rates of dislocation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV (case series).

title: Endoprosthetic reconstruction for XXXX of the proximal femur.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Routine Assessment of @entity1 Index Data 3 (RAPID3) is a @entity1 -reported disease activity measure used to assess physical function, @entity158 , and global health in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) without formal joint counts. Since hand involvement and its decreased function are hallmarks of @entity309 , the aim of our study was to investigate the performance of RAPID3 scores with regard to hand function and to confirm previous findings that the RAPID3 score as a disease activity measure is strongly correlated with the DAS28 score. Sixty-eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity309 (85% female), aged 18-75  years, were included in the study and were recruited during their outpatient visit. Apart from demographic and clinical data, the obtained parameters of interest included RAPID3 scores and assessments of the function of the hand, namely, the @entity73 ( @entity73 )-hand, grip strength, and pulp-to-palm distance, as well the Health Assessment Questionnaire- Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and DAS28 scores. Pearson's correlation coefficient, Student's t test and linear regression were used in the statistical analysis of the results. The significance was set to p  <  0.05. A positive correlation was found between RAPID3 scores and HAQ-DI scores, @entity73 -hand scores, and pulp-to-palm distance, and negative correlation was observed between RAPID3 scores and grip strength. The order regarding the strength of correlations between RAPID3 scores and other variables (from the strongest to the weakest) was as follows: HAQ-DI, grip strength, @entity73 -hand and pulp-to-palm distance. The hand assessment variables had stronger correlations with RAPID3 scores than with DAS28 scores. Our preliminary study showed that RAPID3 scores were strongly correlated with measurements of the functional ability of the hand, demonstrating that RAPID3 can be used as a measure of disease activity in clinical practice and to characterize hand function. Further studies are needed to confirm this result.

title: RAPID3 scores and hand outcome measurements in XXXX @entity1 : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['SOFI', 'signal of functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['RA']


abstract: PURPOSE: Fatigue is the most common and distressing symptom reported by @entity5 @entity1 during and after treatment. Tumor growth increases oxidative stress and cytokine production, which causes skeletal muscle wasting and @entity299 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with the antioxidant @entity15401 improves muscle mass, cardiac function, and behavioral measures of fatigue in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . METHOD: Adult female @entity19 were inoculated with colon26 @entity5 cells. Half the control and @entity5 -bearing @entity19 were administered @entity15401 (500 mg/kg/day) in their drinking water. Voluntary wheel running (i.e., @entity2798 activity [VRA]) and grip strength were measured at Days 0, 8, 14, and 17 of @entity5 growth. Cardiac function was measured using echocardiography on Day 18 or 19. Biomarkers of @entity32 , protein degradation, and oxidative stress were measured in serum and heart and gastrocnemius tissue. RESULTS: VRA and grip strength progressively declined in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . Muscle mass and myocardial diastolic function were decreased, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines was increased in serum and muscle and heart tissue on Day 19 of @entity5 growth. Oxidative stress was present only in the heart, while biomarkers of protein degradation were increased only in the gastrocnemius muscle. @entity15401 increased muscle mass in the @entity5 -bearing and control animals but had no effect on the expression of biomarkers of @entity32 , protein degradation, or oxidative stress or on behavioral measures of fatigue.

title: @entity15401 Reduces Muscle Wasting but Not Fatigue in Tumor-Bearing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity15401 :: ('MESH:C003741', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinol', 'Ubiquinol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary running']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The severity of the initial @entity75 in neonatal @entity2806 correlates with @entity410 burden. Early electroencephalograph (EEG) background activity reflects the severity of @entity75 . Thus, we hypothesized that early EEG background would be predictive of subsequent @entity410 in neonatal @entity2806 . METHODS: This study included @entity1 undergoing @entity2332 at St. Louis @entity1 's Hospital between January 2009 and April 2013. Two pediatric @entity302 specialists independently characterized EEG background qualitatively using amplitude-integrated EEG trends. Total EEG power in the 1-20  Hz frequency band was calculated for quantitative EEG background assessment. @entity410 were identified on conventional full montage EEG. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Seventy-eight of the 93 eligible @entity1 had artifact-free EEG data; 23 of 78 @entity1 (29%) developed @entity410 , and of these, 11 developed @entity159 . The best predictors of subsequent @entity410 during the first hour of EEG recording were a flat tracing pattern on amplitude-integrated EEG (sensitivity 26%, specificity 98%, likelihood ratio 13, positive predictive value 85%) and the total EEG power less than 10   V(2) (sensitivity 52%, specificity 98%, likelihood ratio 30, positive predictive value 92%). CONCLUSIONS: Early EEG biomarkers predict subsequent @entity410 in @entity1 with @entity2806 . Compared with the qualitative amplitude-integrated EEG background, total EEG power improves our ability to identify high-risk @entity1 from the first hour of EEG recording. @entity1 with a total EEG power of less than 10   V(2) have a 90% risk of subsequent @entity410 . Quantitative EEG measures could stratify cohorts while evaluating novel neuroprotective strategies in neonatal @entity2806 .

title: @entity410 in XXXX Using Electroencephalograph Power Analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical outcome and complications of mesh-augmented vaginal reconstructive surgery in treatment of @entity3577 . METHODS: From Feb 2007 to Jan 2009, mesh-augmented vaginal reconstructive surgery were performed on 66 @entity1 with @entity3577 stage III-IV. Pre and postoperative symptoms, @entity3577 quantitation (POP-Q) stage and pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20 (PFDI-20) measurements were studied to assess anatomic and quality-of-life outcome. Operative complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: Totally 65 @entity1 underwent successful surgeries. The rate of follow-up was 97% (63/65) with a median follow-up of 17.2 months. Subjective cure rate and objective cure rate were both 97% (61/63) at 6 and 12 months after surgeries, 51 @entity1 completed PFDI-20 measurements and scores were 102    50 before surgery, 16    21 at 6 months and 15    20 at 12 months. It reached statistical difference when scores were compared before and after surgeries (P < 0.05). Among 66 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 underwent organ injuries, 2 had recurrent prolapse, 4 had mesh-related complications and 1 had severe de novo stress urinary @entity322 . Six @entity1 underwent second surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Mesh-augmented vaginal reconstructive surgery in treatment of pelvic organ prolapsed brought satisfied clinical outcome. The incidence of mesh-related complications was low and secondary operative interventions were effective.

title: [Study on mesh-augmented vaginal reconstructive surgery in treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']


abstract: A 60-year-old female had undergone laparoscopic oophorectomy for right @entity43 . At the time of surgery, peritoneal dissemination and @entity843 was observed. Histological examination revealed that the resected ovary, peritoneal nodes and floating cells in the @entity843 were metastatic @entity420 . Later, the primary @entity5 was found to be a type 4 @entity356 . The @entity189 was judged to be unresectable and treated by combination chemotherapy with TS-1 and CDDP every 6 weeks. After 3 courses of treatments, upper @entity344 and endoscopic examinations were conducted and revealed a marked reduction of the @entity5 size. No @entity189 cells were detected by endoscopic biopsy. CT-scan showed complete disappearance of metastatic lesions. Staging laparoscopy was performed for evaluation of the effects of chemotherapy, and no @entity420 cells at peritoneal nodes or @entity843 were found histologically. We performed total-gasterectomy with D1 + alpha lymph node dissection. Histopathologically, resected specimens showed severe @entity82 in most parts of the stomach. Following chemotherapy, the @entity189 was judged to be Grade 2 by histopathological examination.

title: [A surgically resected case of advanced XXXX with peritoneal dissemination after treatment with combined chemotherapy of TS-1 and CDDP].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal series']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 b-defensin 3 ( @entity6390 ) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide with potent bactericidal activity in vitro. @entity6390 is produced in response to pathogen challenge and can modulate immune responses. The amplified recognition of self-DNA by @entity1 plasmacytoid dendritic cells has been previously reported, but we show here that @entity6390 preferentially enhances the response to bacterial DNA in @entity19 @entity33868 induced dendritic cells (FLDCs) and in @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We show the effect is mediated through @entity6801 and although @entity6390 significantly increases the cellular uptake of both @entity526 and self-DNA in @entity19 FLDCs, only the response to bacterial DNA is enhanced. Liposome transfection also increases uptake of bacterial DNA and amplifies the @entity6801 -dependent response. In contrast to @entity6390 , lipofection of self-DNA enhances inflammatory signalling, but the response is predominantly @entity6801 -independent. Together, these data show that @entity6390 has a role in the innate immune-mediated response to pathogen DNA, increasing inflammatory signalling and promoting activation of the adaptive immune system via antigen presenting cells including dendritic cells. Therefore, our data identify an additional immunomodulatory role for this copy-number variable defensin, of relevance to host defence against @entity281 and indicate a potential for the inclusion of @entity6390 in pathogen DNA-based vaccines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX b-defensin 3 increases the @entity6801 -dependent response to bacterial DNA.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']