abstract: An isolated, well-differentiated ectopic cerebellum arising outside the posterior fossa is extremely rare. We present a unique case of ectopic cerebellum in 25-year-old @entity1 with @entity5766 , skull deformation, and a longstanding history of @entity302 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a @entity66 at the base of the frontal lobes with no apparent connections to the adjacent brain structures. Total resection of the lesion was performed. On gross inspection, its surface resembled cerebellar cortex with densely packed folia. Histologically, the cerebellar cortex was composed of well-differentiated external molecular, Purkinje cell, and internal granular cell layers. The deeper part of white matter displayed the features of @entity854 . There were numerous neuronal and/or @entity66 ranging from single dysplastic neurons to well-circumscribed clusters of neuronal and/or glial cells surrounded by neuropil. Some large neurons looked like mature ganglion cells, Purkinje cells, or dentate neurons. Large irregular islands of @entity12556 could also be seen. Other parts of the ectopic cerebellum revealed loosening of tissue with dispersed glioneuronal elements. The ectopic brain tissue may arise from disturbed migration of primitive pluripotent stem cells during embryogenesis. The presented case of @entity76 associated with skull @entity600 exhibited @entity156 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of totally isolated, well-differentiated ectopic cerebellum in the anterior cranial fossa accompanied by skull deformation and @entity302 .

title: Ectopic cerebellum in anterior cranial fossa: Report of a unique case associated with skull @entity600 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion', 'glial heterotopias']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple dysontogenetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['neuroglial, hamartomatouslike abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ectopia']

entities_list: @entity12556 :: ('MESH:D002828', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic tissue displaying well-differentiated cerebellar cortex']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: 1. The nature of the transmitter mediating vasoconstriction of @entity840 submucosal arterioles following sympathetic nerve stimulation was studied. 2. @entity3159 (0.1 microM) abolished the response to exogenously applied @entity2647 (1 microM) but had no effect on constrictions of submucosal arterioles evoked by nerve stimulation (100 pulses at 10 Hz). 3. Vasoconstrictions and excitatory junction potentials elicited by nerve stimulation were potentiated by @entity9006 (0.1 microM). 4. Following @entity2515 treatment, @entity2922 fluorescence was absent in submucosal arterioles but nerve-evoked vasoconstrictions were unaltered. 5. Vasoconstrictions and excitatory junction potentials recorded in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation, as well as constrictions evoked by exogenously applied @entity855 (3 microM), were abolished by the P2-purinoceptor antagonist, @entity5747 (100 microM). @entity5747 had no effect on the vasoconstriction in response to @entity1063 (3 microM), or the nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (e.p.s.ps) and noradrenergic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (i.p.s.ps) recorded from submucosal neurones. 6. We conclude that postjunctional responses of submucosal arterioles following sympathetic nerve stimulation are mediated solely through the activation of P2X-purinoceptors by @entity855 or a related purine @entity377 . The function of neurally released @entity1063 is to act through prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors to depress transmitter release.

title: Vasoconstriction of XXXX submucosal arterioles following sympathetic nerve stimulation is mediated by the release of @entity855 .

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5747 :: ('MESH:D013498', 'Chemical') :: ['suramin', 'Suramin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: A common notion of the mechanism by which the @entity734 ( @entity734 ) @entity2049 and @entity3174 act is that they block @entity1372 channels by binding preferentially to the inactivated state, thereby allowing normal neuronal firing while blocking ictal activity. However, these drugs have unpredictable efficacy and, in some cases, may exacerbate @entity410 . Previous studies have suggested that reducing @entity1372 channel availability in the dentate gyrus (DG) paradoxically increases excitability. We used a biophysically detailed computer model of the DG to test the hypothesis that @entity734 increase excitability by disproportionately reducing negative feedback mechanisms. METHODS: We built a Markov model of @entity1372 channel gating that reproduces responses to voltage clamp experiments in the presence of @entity2049 and @entity3174 . We incorporated this validated Markov model into a biophysically realistic computer model of DG neurons and networks. Simulated drug concentrations were similar to those measured in cerebral spinal fluid in medicated @entity1 . Single neuron models were stimulated with current injections, and networks were stimulated with perforant path synaptic input. In the network model, environmental effects were studied by introducing mossy fiber sprouting. KEY FINDINGS: As expected, drugs reduced @entity1372 channel availability, which in turn reduced action potential amplitude. This had only a small effect on action potential (AP) firing rate during brief (100 msec) current injections. @entity2121 , long current injections (2,500 msec) increased AP firing rates. This was caused by reduced @entity460 entry and consequently reduced activation of @entity460 activated @entity972 channels. It is important to note that the main determinant of drug effect was resting membrane potential (RMP) and not action potential firing rate. Binding of @entity3174 and @entity2049 is slow and, thus drug effects are largely determined by the long term state of the RMP. This paradoxical AP firing increase was dependent on the unusually large @entity460 -activated @entity972 conductances expressed by DG granule cells. This predicts that drug efficacy in a given network will depend on the precise makeup of conductances in the network. RMP is expected to vary with the level of activity in the network. We simulated the effects of drugs on single shot stimulus responses in networks with mossy fiber sprouting and varied the RMP in all neurons as a model for network activity. For an RMP of -50 mV, representing an active network, drugs had no effect, or in some cases, increased excitability. Drugs had an increasingly larger inhibitory effect on network responses as RMP decreased. An important prediction is that drugs will be unable to block ictal activity invading an active network. SIGNIFICANCE: Our key findings are that drug effects depend on both intrinsic properties of the network and its behavioral state. This may explain the paradoxical and unpredictable effects of some @entity734 on @entity410 control in some @entity1 .

title: Network-specific mechanisms may explain the paradoxical effects of XXXX and @entity3174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['Paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: There is a subgroup among head and neck @entity957 , which is etiologically linked to the @entity281 of high-risk @entity1082 ). In recent studies, HPV related @entity957 have been placed in a separate group because of their different epidemiology, distinctive histopathological characteristics, therapeutic response and clinical outcome. The reported prevalence of high-risk HPV in @entity135 varies in different studies. This fact occurs mainly due to the absence of a widely accepted consensus for HPV detection in head and @entity5 . We present a methodological algorithm for detection of biologically relevant @entity1083 : a combination of an immunohistochemical staining of the @entity986 protein - a surrogate marker for a transforming @entity1083 , and a molecular genetic identification of HPV DNA by three different polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The study group consisted of 41 @entity1 with a @entity5 in head and neck region. A verification of detection of biologically relevant @entity1083 has been performed in 10 available samples using an alternative approach, which comprised the detection of RNA transcript of HPV by reverse transcription followed by PCR (RT-PCR), and further in situ hybridization (ISH) with a commercial high-risk HPV probe. We have found a high correlation between HPV DNA detection using triple-PCR approach and strong diffuse positivity of the @entity986 protein (correlation coefficient 0.94) and have confirmed the validity of this algorithm. In 94 % of HPV related @entity957 was detected. In one case HPV type 33 was identified. That is in agreement with earlier published data. A more appropriate alternative method for the detection of biologically relevant- transforming @entity1083 seems to be RT-PCR, which proved 100 % agreement with the original methodological approach of @entity986 determination and PCR status. Interpretation of the ISH has been complicated by frequent nonspecific staining of the sample and its routine usage in the diagnostic algorithm of our laboratory is currently not feasible.

title: [The testing strategy for detection of biologically relevant XXXX of @entity1082 in @entity135 for routine pathological analysis].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neck malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas HPV type 16', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In appropriate prescribing is a significant and persistent problem in elderly @entity1 , both in hospital and the community and has been described in several countries in Europe and also the USA. The problem of inappropriate prescribing has not been quantified in the Republic of Ireland. The most commonly used criteria for the identification of inappropriate prescribing are the Beers' criteria [both independent of diagnosis (ID) and @entity146 ( @entity146 ) - 2003 version]. The Beers' criteria ID includes 48 different categories of either single medications or multiple medications of a similar class identified as inappropriate prescriptions and the Beers' criteria @entity146 contains 19 different categories containing possible drug-disease interactions. A second tool, the improved prescribing in the elderly tool (IPET) has also been validated and used in hospital and community studies and has 14 categories of either explicitly contraindicated medications or possible drug-disease interactions. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of the study is to measure the incidence of inappropriate prescribing among older community-dwelling individuals presenting to an acute hospital in the Republic of Ireland. A secondary aim of this study was also therefore to compare the efficacy of the above two tools in identifying inappropriate prescribing. METHODS: A prospective, consecutive observational cohort study was carried out over a 4-month period. The setting was an urban-based university hospital acute geriatric medicine assessment unit. Subjects in this study (n = 350) were consecutively screened on admission to hospital (mean age = 80.3 +/- 6.1 years) and all @entity1 had both Beers' criteria ID and @entity146 and IPET applied to their list of prescription drugs on admission, cross-referenced with their list of current active medical diagnosis. RESULTS: The results of the study identified a high rate of inappropriate prescribing among this population of community-dwelling subjects. The total number of inappropriate prescriptions identified using the Beers' criteria (ID) was 148 affecting 121 @entity1 . The Beers' criteria ( @entity146 ) identified 69 inappropriate prescriptions in 60 @entity1 and the IPET identified 112 inappropriate prescriptions in 78 @entity1 . The Beers criteria (ID and @entity146 combined) identified at least one inappropriate prescription in 34% of subjects and the IPET identified one in at least 22% of subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies high rates of use of inappropriate medications in community-dwelling elderly presenting with acute illness to hospital. These are comparable with inappropriate prescribing rates identified in previous studies. The revised Beers' criteria (2003) identified more inappropriate prescriptions than the IPET in this population of elders.

title: Inappropriate prescribing in the elderly: a comparison of the Beers criteria and the improved prescribing in the elderly tool (IPET) in acutely ill elderly hospitalized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['considering diagnosis', 'CD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis-associated @entity120 (SPAH) is a major concern worldwide. However, the role of gender-specific contributing factors in SPAH is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated how systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) values and the presence of severe SPAP relate to gender, menopausal status, and pregnancy history in SPAH @entity1 . METHODS: Seventy-nine @entity1 diagnosed with SPAH from 2000 to 2009 were assessed and 66 were enrolled in the study. Information about age, menopausal status, pregnancy, echocardiography-derived SPAP, and invasive mean pulmonary artery pressure ( @entity7215 ) was collected from medical records. The relation between values of SPAP and @entity7215 and their agreement for severe disease were assessed. Regression models assessed the association of gender, menopausal status, and pregnancy history with SPAP values and the presence of severe SPAP. RESULTS: Moderate correlation and good agreement for severe disease were found between @entity7215 and SPAP. Mean SPAP values were similar for @entity1 and @entity1 . A trend toward higher values of SPAP was found for non-menopausal @entity1 compared to @entity1 . Higher SPAP values were found for menopausal compared to non-menopausal @entity1 ; the values were non-significant after adjustment for age. Pregnancy history had no association with SPAP. Menopause and positive pregnancy had no association with severe SPAP. CONCLUSION: In SPAH @entity1 , neither gender, nor menopausal status, nor pregnancy history showed independent correlation with SPAP values assessed by echocardiography.

title: Pulmonary artery pressure, gender, menopause, and pregnancy in schistosomiasis-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: The expressions of epidermal growth factors (EGF), epidermal growth factor receptors ( @entity470 ), and the @entity1722 oncoprotein were immunohistochemically examined in 25 cases of @entity1 @entity3123 and @entity788 and in 10 non-cancerous/non-inflammatory pancreatic tissues. The positive rates of EGF, @entity470 , and the @entity1722 oncoprotein in @entity5 tissues were 72%, 36%, and 28%, respectively. EGF was stained mainly in the cytoplasm and partly on the surfaces of the @entity5 cells. @entity470 and the @entity1722 oncoprotein were stained mainly on the surfaces of the @entity5 cells and partly in the cytoplasm. The expressions of these 3 products correlated significantly with @entity5 invasion into the anterior and posterior areas surrounding the pancreas. In the EGF, @entity470 , and @entity1722 positive @entity5 tissues, some stromal cells, that is fibroblasts and endothelial cells, were also positive. In the adjacent pancreatic tissues with @entity32 , these products were noted in some ductal cells, acinar cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. No distinct staining was detected in non-cancerous/non-inflammatory tissues. The survival period for @entity1 who tested positive for these three proteins was statistically shorter than for those who tested negative. These results suggest that the coexpression of EGF and @entity470 and the expression of the @entity1722 oncoprotein are related to the existence of the invasion of @entity1 @entity788 . Furthermore, an immunohistochemical examination of these three products is useful in forming a prognosis for @entity788 @entity1 .

title: The immunohistochemical expressions of epidermal growth factors, epidermal growth factor receptors and XXXX oncoprotein in @entity1 @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'epineoplastic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This phase I study was performed to determine the dose-limiting @entity137 and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity1205 in combination with @entity1749 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) or other solid @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled in cohorts of three over six dose levels. Each treatment cycle was 3 weeks long and consisted of one @entity1205 infusion (day 1) and four @entity1749 injections (days 1, 4, 8, and 11). Dose escalation and MTD determination were based on the occurrence of dose-limiting @entity137 in cycle 1 only. RESULTS: A total of 36 @entity1 were enrolled, 26 of whom had @entity1149 . All @entity1 received at least one dose of study drug at one of five dose levels. The MTD of the combined regimen was determined to be 1.0/75 mg/m @entity1749 / @entity1205 . The combination was generally well tolerated. @entity137 were manageable, and no additive @entity137 were observed. The most common adverse events were @entity1295 (67% of @entity1 ), @entity390 (50%), @entity294 (39%), and @entity1398 (39%). Two @entity1 with @entity1149 achieved a partial response, and seven (19%) @entity1 achieved stable disease (including six @entity1 with @entity1149 ). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1749 and @entity1205 was feasible and well tolerated in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 or other solid @entity5 . The recommended phase II dose is @entity1749 1.0 mg/m on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 plus @entity1205 75 mg/m on day 1, cycled every 21 days. Therapeutic doses of @entity1205 and @entity1749 are achievable for this combination.

title: @entity1749 plus @entity1205 in advanced XXXX and other solid @entity5 : a phase I @entity5 Consortium trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Texture parameters (peak force and compression), muscle myofibre diameter, and @entity720 were measured in semitendinosus samples from a @entity291 gene-mapping herd. The data were analysed to determine the relationships between these traits. The traits were also mapped by genetic linkage analysis to identify quantitative trait loci, and hence, candidate genes for these traits. Neither texture parameters were affected by the muscle structural traits of myofibre diameter or collagen content (as measured by @entity720 ), despite significant variation in these traits between animals. QTL for the texture parameters of peak force and compression, as well as collagen content, were found on @entity291 chromosome 2 (BTA2) and attributed to the myostatin gene. Within the @entity291 population used for the QTL mapping, a gene variant of myostatin, @entity37543 , has been previously shown to increase muscle mass, predominantly in the semitendinosus. It was determined herein that the @entity37543 myostatin homozygous animals had more tender meat as measured by both peak force and compression. The variant was also responsible for a reduction in the collagen/ @entity37544 content of muscle. The myostatin @entity37543 variant had no effect on muscle myofibre diameter of the semitendinosus, even though the variant causes substantial increases in muscle mass. Consequently, the increase in muscle mass of the variant must be due to @entity1373 and not @entity1184 . In addition, @entity12560 effects on @entity925 are caused by changes in the extracellular matrix rather than muscle myofibre diameter.

title: Limousin myostatin @entity37543 variant affects semitendinosus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity37543 :: ('p|SUB|F|94|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['F94L']

entities_list: @entity12560 :: ('MESH:D055435', 'Chemical') :: ['myostatin']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['myofibre hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['tenderness']


abstract: Surgery for @entity3883 is being challenged by endoscopic and percutaneous techniques. To compare their safety and efficacy, the courses of 157 @entity1 treated for @entity253 were examined. Outcome was judged by mortality, complications, and need for further intervention. Forty-eight @entity1 underwent endoscopic papillotomy (43 [90%] had stone disease) with two deaths and 11 cases of (23% incidence) of @entity255 . @entity788 developed in 9 (19%). Twenty-seven @entity1 (56%) required further endoscopic, percutaneous, or surgical intervention. Sixty-five @entity1 underwent transhepatic drainage (58 [89%] had @entity5 ) with a 28% (n = 18) mortality rate. @entity255 developed in 26 (40%), and 50 (77%) required further transhepatic or surgical intervention. Forty-four @entity1 underwent surgery (22 [50%] had stone disease and 12 [27%] had @entity5 ) with a 4.5% (n = 2) mortality rate. @entity255 developed in 3 (7%), @entity788 developed in 2 (4.5%), and bleeding developed in 1 (2%). Eight (18%) required further intervention. While endoscopic papillotomy provides efficacious treatment for stone disease, surgery provides a more expeditious, less morbid relief for @entity5 .

title: Management of XXXX . A comparison of percutaneous, endoscopic, and operative techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant obstruction', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangitis', 'cholangitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary obstruction']


abstract: @entity95 or goat antisera directed to @entity981 , @entity1072 , @entity3052 and @entity1860 cells were investigated in @entity137 tests with different @entity1778 and normal cells as targets. After absorptions with erythrocytes and spleen cells from allogeneic donors the antisera killed only @entity1778 cells. There was no reaction with remission leukocytes or blood leukocytes from normal donors. Anti- @entity981 -Sera reacted in 35 out of 49 tests with @entity981 cells from 13 @entity1 . Apparently the @entity981 antisera which were directed to the T cell subtype of @entity981 preferentially affected @entity981 cells of this subtype. Cross reactions with cells from @entity1072 , @entity3052 and @entity1860 were not found. Anti- @entity1072 -sera reacted in 10 out of 12 tests with @entity1072 cells from 4 donors, and in 4 out of 20 tests with @entity981 cells from 7 donors and also with the cells of a @entity1860 @entity1 . @entity3052 cells from two @entity1 were not killed. Antisera against @entity3052 and @entity1860 showed extensive cross reactions with cells of myelocytic and @entity1778 . Absorption tests demonstrated the presence of two antibody specificities in @entity3052 antisera, one of which being directed to a common antigen of @entity3052 and @entity981 cells and another against an antigen of @entity1778 cells.

title: Specificities of heterologous antisera against @entity1 XXXX cells. 1. Reactions against @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'lymphocytic leukaemias', 'myelocytic leukaemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: In this retrospective study the meniscal status of 34 @entity1 with untreated complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears is reported. The anterior cruciate @entity130 was initially documented by examination under anesthesia and arthroscopy. Treatment in all cases consisted of a standard protocol of early rehabilitation and bracing. The mean follow-up was 7.3 years. Twenty-two (65%) @entity1 showed signs of meniscal pathology at an average of 2.5 years after the @entity130 during the follow-up period. Rearthroscopy was performed and showed a higher incidence of medial meniscus tears (53%) than lesions of the lateral meniscus (41%). The most common tear of the medial meniscus was the bucket-handle type, followed by the flap tear and the single longitudinal split of the posterior horn. Secondary reconstruction of the ACL was necessary in 18 @entity1 (82%) complaining of symptoms indicative of permanent anterior instability of the knee. The remaining 4 @entity1 had rearthroscopy 3.5 years after the @entity130 and a partial meniscectomy and ACL reconstruction was performed. 12 @entity1 (35%) had no symptoms or signs of joint instability or meniscal pathology during the follow-up period, but discontinued their sporting activities. This study indicates the increasing incidence of @entity937 during @entity1887 . We recommend that @entity1 with @entity397 of the anterior cruciate ligament should be investigated for @entity937 and that early ligament reconstruction of the knee and meniscal repair or partial meniscectomy should be considered simultaneously.

title: [Meniscus lesions after isolated anterior cruciate XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['ACL insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury', 'ACL injury']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ligament rupture']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate hydraulic thrombectomy using a saline-jet aspiration thrombectomy catheter in the treatment of @entity49 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 underwent 12 hydraulic thrombectomy procedures using 2.7 or 4.0 mm catheters. The site of the @entity715 was either central, peripheral or in portal veins. The age of the thrombi was between 2 and 60 days (mean 19.7 days). The efficacy of hydraulic thrombectomy was evaluated based on the aspirated @entity715 ratio (ATR), i.e. the volume of the @entity715 aspirated divided by the volume of the @entity715 before thrombectomy. ATR was estimated by comparing the angiograms of the lesion before and after thrombectomy. RESULTS: Soft thrombi were usually rapidly removed. ATR was >2/3 in 3, 2/3-1/3 in 2, 1/3-0 in 4, and 0 in 1 @entity1 . The activation time of the injector was 23-224 s (mean 102 s) and the volume of aspirated blood was 30-680 ml (mean 250 ml). Compensatory infusion of saline was performed for @entity190 , and 400 ml of packed red blood cells was transfused in 1 @entity1 . No complications of the hydraulic thrombectomy were observed. Thrombolysis or additional treatment were performed in 9 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Hydraulic thrombectomy using this catheter can contribute to the treatment of @entity49 .

title: Saline-jet aspiration thrombectomy catheter. Clinical results in XXXX with @entity49 .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Dietary management is the mainstay of effective treatment in @entity814 , but dietary restriction is difficult and additional treatment options are needed. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence regarding @entity8083 (BH4) use as an adjunct to dietary restriction in individuals with @entity814 . DATA SOURCES: Five databases including MEDLINE up to August 2011. STUDY SELECTION: Two reviewers independently assessed studies against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data regarding @entity1 and intervention characteristics and outcomes and assigned overall quality and strength of evidence ratings based on predetermined criteria. RESULTS: BH4 research includes two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three uncontrolled open-label trials. @entity815 ( @entity815 ) levels were reduced by at least 30 % in up to half of treated @entity1 (32-50 %). In one RCT comparing placebo on likelihood of a 30 % reduction in @entity815 , 9 % of those on placebo achieved this effect, compared with 44 % of the treated group after 6 weeks. @entity815 tolerance and variability were improved in treated @entity1 in studies assessing those outcomes. No comparative studies assessed long-term outcomes including cognitive effects, nutritional status, or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant pharmacologic therapy has the potential to support individuals in achieving optimal @entity815 levels. BH4 has been shown to reduce @entity815 levels in some individuals, with significantly greater reductions seen in treated versus placebo groups. The strength of the evidence is moderate for short-term effects on reducing @entity815 in a subset of initially BH4-responsive individuals, moderate for a lack of significant harms, low for longer-term effects on cognition, and insufficient for all other outcomes.

title: A Systematic Review of BH4 ( XXXX ) for the Adjuvant Treatment of @entity814 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'Phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['sapropterin']

answer: @entity8083 :: (MESH:C003402,Chemical) :: ['Sapropterin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the association between @entity1144 and @entity4854 differs according to the presence of a parental history of @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 3,068 @entity1 and @entity1 , aged 20-65 years, without known @entity6 who were fasting @entity1 of a population-based study in three Dutch towns. @entity4854 was defined as a fasting plasma @entity413 concentration of 6.1 mmol/l (American @entity6 Association criterion). Waist circumference was categorized according to previously defined waist action levels. All estimates were adjusted for age and town. RESULTS: The regression coefficients for the association between waist circumference and fasting plasma @entity413 were larger in @entity1 who had a parental history of @entity6 than in those who did not ( @entity1 beta = 0.31 vs. 0.16 mmol/SD, P [for interaction] = 0.003; @entity1 beta = 0.24 vs. 0.11 mmol/SD, P = 0.002). Furthermore, larger waist circumference ( @entity1 > or = 94 vs. < 94 cm, @entity1 > or = 88 vs. < 80 cm) was associated with a greater excess prevalence of @entity4854 in @entity1 who had a parental history of @entity6 than in those who did not ( @entity1 12.4 vs. 2.0%, P = 0.03; @entity1 13.6 vs. 5.9%, P = 0.05). Adjustment for physical activity, @entity167 intake, smoking, and educational level did not materially change the results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the association between @entity1144 and @entity4854 is stronger in the presence of a parental history of @entity6 . Blood @entity413 screening may be warranted at lower levels of waist circumference in individuals with a parental history of @entity6 .

title: Parental history of @entity6 modifies the association between abdominal adiposity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) accounts for a large oncologic burden in the developing countries. In @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 multimodality treatment is warranted. Radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy has long been considered the standard for @entity1 with disease involving the oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx. However, addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy increases treatment related @entity137 by many folds and compliance rates decrease. In this context a systemic therapy, which when used concurrent with radiation with favorable @entity137 profile is of great importance for improving disease control in locally advanced @entity213 . Anti-epithelial growth factor receptor targeted therapy emerged as a potential treatment option. In recent years many trials were conducted to find the optimum treatment option with the combination of these targeted agents. The initial trials showed excellent results with minimal morbidity and led to great enthusiasm across the globe to incorporate these regimens as a standard of care. However, subsequently many trials failed to maintain such results and now there is little agreement to the initial results achieved with these drugs. Based on the current evidence we cannot recommend the replacement of @entity900 with targeted therapy in concurrent setting. It may be considered in @entity1 with altered @entity8 , @entity56 or intolerance to @entity900 . The addition of targeted therapy in addition to chemotherapy in the concurrent setting can't also be recommended as the benefit is doubtful and is associated with a significant increase in @entity137 .

title: Anti EGFR therapy in the treatment of non-metastatic head and XXXX : The current evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parameters']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity1 had suffered burning of both palms and all fingers during his 2nd year of life. Epitheliazation of the lesions did not occur. In his 6th year, erythema, desquamation and erosion-like alterations appeared spontaneously on the soles of both feet and on the plantar sides of the toes. These alterations were similar to those on the hands. Histologically the lesion on the right sole was covered with a very thin horny layer and thin epidermis. The cells of the epidermis had clear cytoplasm and probably derived from the ductal epithelium of the sweat glands. Under the @entity3202 , granulation tissue consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, and a few polynuclear cells and eosinophils was seen. The following symptoms were still present in the @entity1 : dys- and @entity3798 , @entity711 , enamel and @entity4368 , @entity2419 and @entity36618 , concomitants strabismus (left eye), and cryptorchidism. Transplantation of the @entity1 's skin from the right thigh to the lesion on the right sole was tried. The authors postulate a previously unreported form of ecto-mesodermal @entity1141 in this case.

title: [Palmoplantar epidermal atrophy with hypokeratosis, dys- and @entity3798 , hypodontia, enamel and @entity4368 , isolated @entity2419 with XXXX , strabismus cryptorchism and other anomalies--an undescribed ecto-mesodermal @entity1141 ?].

entities_list: @entity3798 :: ('MESH:D007039', 'Disease') :: ['hypotrichosis']

entities_list: @entity4368 :: ('MESH:D003805', 'Disease') :: ['dentin hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity711 :: ('MESH:C538049', 'Disease') :: ['oligodontia']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic epidermis']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft uvula']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our study sought to compare the efficacy of @entity1425 injection in combination with detachable snare versus @entity1425 injection alone in the prevention of postpolypectomy @entity548 in large @entity1586 . METHODS: At the time of colonoscopy, @entity1 with at least one @entity1586 > or =2 cm were randomized to receive treatment either by the injection of a 1:10.000 solution of @entity1425 and the position of a detachable snare followed by a conventional snare polypectomy (group A) or injection of @entity1425 followed by a conventional snare polypectomy (group B). A total of 159 consecutive @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of the above groups. Out of them, 84 @entity1 (47 @entity1 , 37 @entity1 , mean age 61 yr) were assigned to group A and 75 (37 @entity1 , 38 @entity1 , mean age 64 yr) to group B. Early (<24 h) and late (>24 h-30 days) @entity548 complications were assessed. RESULTS: Overall @entity548 complications occurred in 10/159 (6.2%) of the @entity1 . There were two cases of @entity548 in group A (2.3%), and eight in group B (10.6%) (P= 0.04). The number of early @entity548 episodes was significantly reduced in group A @entity1 (1 case) compared to that of group B (7 cases) (P= 0.02). In contrast, there was no significant difference between group A and B as far as late @entity548 is concerned. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the use of @entity1425 injection in combination with detachable snare may significantly decrease the number of early postpolypectomy @entity548 episodes in @entity1 with large @entity1586 .

title: A prospective, randomized comparison of @entity1425 injection in combination with detachable snare versus @entity1425 injection alone in the prevention of postpolypectomy XXXX in large @entity1586 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyp', 'colonic polyps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: A prospective study was performed on 20 bacteriologically proven pediatric cases of severe @entity6835 admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Chulalongkorn Hospital during March 1989 to March 1990. Fourteen @entity1 were male and six were female. Shigella B was found in 85% and Shigella D in 15% of cases. The major indications for admission were @entity410 and dehydration. Fifteen per cent of cases had underlying @entity5 and 42.1% had @entity3147 . Most @entity1 had a peak of fever between 39.5 and 40.5 degrees C, serum @entity1372 between 128-144 mEq/l. Mild @entity520 was detected in 45% and moderate @entity520 in 30% of cases. There were no statistical differences in peak of fever and serum @entity1372 between @entity1 who had @entity410 and who did not. Shigellemia was found in one case who also had underlying @entity521 . One @entity1 died due to @entity3166 , @entity326 and @entity177 . Most of the organisms found resisted to @entity869 and @entity206 - @entity207 ( @entity1597 - @entity1598 ). However, @entity799 was prescribed in most immunocompetent @entity1 and they recovered well. All of three @entity1 with underlying @entity5 responded well to @entity2756 .

title: Severe XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['shigellosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity6835 :: (MESH:D004405,Disease) :: ['shigellosis']


abstract: @entity43 is the third most common gynecologic malignancy and the leading cause of death in gynecological @entity5 . Although the 5-year survival rate is increasing, peritoneal @entity3 of @entity43 is still a problem because of no potential predictor. @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are a class of functionally related proteins that are highly expressed in many @entity5 . Previous studies suggest high levels of @entity2284 present in the serum of @entity1 with @entity43 . In this study, we investigated whether the expression of @entity2284 in @entity43 tissue was associated with peritoneal @entity3 and whether @entity2284 could be used as a potential predictor of peritoneal @entity3 in @entity43 . Tissues from @entity43 with or without peritoneal @entity3 were collected and the levels of @entity2284 messenger RNA and protein determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the subcellular localization of @entity2284 . Immunohistochemistry images showed that @entity2284 was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of epithelial @entity5 cells with peritoneal @entity3 . Messenger RNA and protein levels of @entity2284 were significantly increased in @entity43 with peritoneal @entity3 compared with @entity43 without peritoneal @entity3 . Higher expression of @entity2284 correlated with poor clinical outcome. These data suggest that higher level of @entity2284 was associated with peritoneal @entity3 in @entity43 . @entity1457 protein 27 may be a useful prognostic marker of poor survival and may provide a basis for the development of molecular therapeutics modulating this survival pathway.

title: Increased expression of @entity1457 protein 27 correlates with peritoneal XXXX in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant cancers']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether deep (<20 degrees C) @entity2332 is necessary in @entity1 undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic @entity120 . METHODS: Between January 2004 and February 2005, 30 @entity1 (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV) were randomly assigned to increasing (1 degrees C) levels of moderate (28-32 degrees C) hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), each study group including six @entity1 . Primary study endpoint was adverse neurological outcome. Overall preoperative total pulmonary vascular resistance was 1110+/-192 dynes cm(-5). RESULTS: Mean CPB and cross-clamp times, and core temperature at the time of circulatory arrests were 129+/-39 min and 92+/-24 min, and 30.1+/-1.5 degrees C, respectively. @entity1167 was induced 2+/-0.7 times and its mean total duration was 10.3+/-5.2 min (range, 2-19 min). Postoperatively, three @entity1 (10%) belonging to the 31 degrees C (n=1) and 32 degrees C (n=2) groups suffered from temporary @entity51 . Postoperative mechanical ventilatory support and ICU stay were 26.3+/-18.9 h and 6.6+/-8.5 days, respectively, and uninfluenced by degree of @entity2332 . There were no lung reperfusion injuries or any other major complications. All @entity1 had a significant hemodynamic improvement. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that pulmonary endarterectomy can be safely performed with moderate @entity2332 and short periods of circulatory arrests without the need of profound @entity2332 .

title: Pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic XXXX : is deep @entity2332 required?

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We determined primary and secondary resistance rates of @entity1534 in different regions of Austria and potential bacterial and host factors associated with resistance. METHODS: In a prospective multicentre study @entity1534 was cultivated from biopsies and susceptibility testing was performed according to EUCAST. Resistance to @entity4581 and @entity5553 was determined by sequencing of the resistance-determining regions of 23S rRNA and gyrA genes. cagA, vacA and babA2 genotypes were determined. RESULTS: A total of 1266 @entity1 were included. 178 isolates were cultured: 128 from @entity1 without prior eradication therapy, 50 from @entity1 after failed eradication. Primary resistance to @entity4581 , @entity5553 and @entity868 were 17.2%, 9.4% and 10.2%, respectively. Secondary resistance to @entity4581 , @entity5553 and @entity868 were 64%, 18% and 44%, respectively. Prior eradication was associated with a higher risk of @entity4581 as well as @entity868 resistance (OR=8.1; 95% CI 3.8-17.1 and OR 5.7; 95% CI 2.5-13, respectively). CONCLUSION: Primary resistance to both @entity4581 and @entity5553 was markedly lower in Southern Austria than recently reported.

title: Primary resistance of XXXX is still low in Southern Austria.

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: WhiI, a regulator required for efficient sporulation septation in the aerial mycelium of @entity25068 , resembles response regulators of bacterial two-component systems but lacks some conserved features of typical phosphorylation pockets. Four @entity1522 of the abnormal "phosphorylation pocket" were changed by site-directed mutagenesis. Unlike whiI null mutations, these point mutations did not interfere with sporulation septation but had various effects on spore maturation. Transcriptome analysis was used to compare gene expression in the wild-type strain, a @entity40326 mutant (pale gray spores), a @entity40327 mutant (wild-type spores), and a null mutant (white aerial mycelium, no spores) (a new variant of PCR targeting was used to introduce the point mutations into the chromosomal copy of whiI). The results revealed 45 genes that were affected by the deletion of whiI. Many of these showed increased expression in the wild type at the time when aerial growth and development were taking place. About half of them showed reduced expression in the null mutant, and about half showed increased expression. Some, but not all, of these 45 genes were also affected by the @entity40326 mutation, and a few were affected by the @entity40327 mutation. The results were consistent with a model in which WhiI acts differently at sequential stages of development. Consideration of the functions of whiI-influenced genes provides some insights into the physiology of aerial hyphae. Mutation of seven whiI-influenced genes revealed that three of them play roles in spore maturation.

title: An unusual response regulator influences sporulation at early and late stages in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor']

entities_list: @entity40326 :: ('p|SUB|D|27|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D27A']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity40327 :: ('p|SUB|D|69|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D69E']

answer: @entity25068 :: (1902,Species) :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Surgical repair of @entity357 is mandatory, due to the risk of severe complications, and it can be accomplished via the laparoscopic route. This study presents the results of laparoscopic repair of @entity357 combined with anterior hemifundoplication. @entity1 AND METHODS: During a two-year period, ten consecutive @entity1 with @entity357 (six @entity1 , four @entity1 ; mean age 73, range 55-82) underwent laparoscopic treatment. Five @entity1 presented with symptoms of @entity354 , while another four reported lower @entity662 . There was one @entity1 in whom the @entity357 was manifested with @entity360 . Six @entity1 had @entity357 . They all underwent esophagography, upper @entity344 , stationary manometry, and 24-hour ambulatory pH-metry, preoperatively and within three months postoperatively. At laparoscopy, the @entity547 content was completely reduced, the sac excised, and the diaphragmatic crura approximated. The operation was completed with an anterior hemifundoplication. In three cases, a prosthetic mesh was applied to close the hiatal defect securely. RESULTS: Operating times ranged from 75 min to 125 min (mean 90 min). There were no postoperative deaths. One @entity1 developed @entity891 , and another had @entity3509 , treated with drainage and antibiotics. All @entity1 but one were discharged on the second or third postoperative day. At the three-month follow-up examination, none of the @entity1 had symptoms related to the @entity357 , @entity354 , or fundoplication. Esophagography demonstrated restoration of normal anatomy at the gastroesophageal region, while esophageal motility was improved, and esophageal pH-metry showed no @entity354 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic repair of @entity357 is a safe, technically feasible, and well tolerated procedure, which offers rapid and total relief of symptoms. The addition of an anterior hemifundoplication not only cures preexisting @entity354 , but also prevents the development of @entity354 .

title: Laparoscopic repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema of the left pleura']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['paraesophageal hernia', 'paraesophageal hernias', 'type III hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'postoperative gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['paraesophageal hernia']


abstract: The prediction of @entity5 staging in @entity263 is a process for estimating the likelihood that the @entity5 has spread before treatment is given to the @entity1 . Although important for determining the most suitable treatment and optimal management strategy for @entity1 , staging continues to present significant challenges to clinicians. Clinical test results such as the pre-treatment @entity1486 (PSA) level, the biopsy most common @entity5 pattern (Primary Gleason pattern) and the second most common @entity5 pattern (Secondary Gleason pattern) in tissue biopsies, and the clinical T stage can be used by clinicians to predict the pathological stage of @entity5 . However, not every @entity1 will return abnormal results in all tests. This significantly influences the capacity to effectively predict the stage of @entity263 . Herein we have developed a neuro-fuzzy computational intelligence model for classifying and predicting the likelihood of a @entity1 having @entity347 ( @entity347 ) or @entity4623 ( @entity4623 ) using a @entity263 @entity1 dataset obtained from The @entity5 (TCGA) Research Network. The system input consisted of the following variables: Primary and Secondary Gleason biopsy patterns, PSA levels, age at diagnosis, and clinical T stage. The performance of the neuro-fuzzy system was compared to other computational intelligence based approaches, namely the Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy C-Means, Support Vector Machine, the Naive Bayes classifiers, and also the AJCC pTNM Staging Nomogram which is commonly used by clinicians. A comparison of the optimal Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) points that were identified using these approaches, revealed that the neuro-fuzzy system, at its optimal point, returns the largest Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), with a low number of false positives (FPR = 0.274, TPR = 0.789, AUC = 0.812). The proposed approach is also an improvement over the AJCC pTNM Staging Nomogram (FPR = 0.032, TPR = 0.197, AUC = 0.582).

title: Prediction of Pathological Stage in XXXX with @entity263 : A Neuro-Fuzzy Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer Genome Atlas', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Extra-Prostatic Disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-Specific Antigen']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'Organ-Confined Disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of @entity67 in @entity120 ( @entity120 ) @entity1 is associated with adverse outcome, so that the assessment of RV function has become increasingly important in the management of such @entity1 . The present objective was to test the hypothesis that RV free-wall longitudinal speckle-tracking strain (RV-free), an independent echocardiographic predictor of hemodynamic RV performance, can predict long-term outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-two @entity120 @entity1 were studied. RV-free was calculated by averaging the 3 regional peak systolic strains for the RV free wall. For comparison, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV fractional area change, RV index of myocardial performance, and tissue Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity were also studied. Long-term follow-up was performed for 4 years after adding @entity120 -specific drugs. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified RV-free  <= 19.4% as the best predictor of @entity65 with 90% sensitivity, 69% specificity, and area under the curve of 0.819 (P=0.0001). Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that @entity1 with RV-free >19.4% experienced fewer @entity65 than those with RV-free  <= 19.4% (log-rank P=0.0008). Importantly, the co-occurrence of RV-free  <= 19.4% and TAPSE <16 mm was associated with the highest frequency of @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: RV-free may serve as a non-invasive predictor of @entity65 for @entity120 @entity1 . Combining RV-free with TAPSE may be more effective for predicting long-term @entity65 .

title: Efficacy of right ventricular free-wall longitudinal speckle-tracking strain for predicting long-term outcome in XXXX with @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular (RV) dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To assess the effects of extract of Buddleja officinalis on tear secretion volume, tear film stability, expressions of @entity14100 , @entity20573 , @entity25229 in lacrimal gland of castrated @entity95 with @entity936 . METHODS: A total of 30 victory @entity95 were divided averagely into normal group(A), model group(B), therapy group with low dose extract of Buddleja officinalis (C), therapy group with high dose extract of Buddleja officinalis (D) and therapy group with @entity670 (E). The @entity936 model was established with orchiectomy on Group B, C, D, E. Group C, D, E were administered intragastrically with corresponding dose extract of Buddleja officinalis or @entity670 for 30 days. All @entity95 were detected with SIT. @entity14100 , @entity20573 , @entity25229 were detected with immunohistochemistry and the ultrastructure of lacrimal gland was observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The SIT value of group C, D, E were respectively 13.167  4.957, 14.667  5.279, 8.667  0.516, obviously higher than that of group B 5.667  2.338 (P<0.01). The positive expression of @entity20573 in acinar cell and glandular tube cell of group C, D were 0.470  0.048, 0.510  0.088, obviously lower than that of group B 0.770  0.118 (P<0.01). The positive expression of @entity25229 of group C, D were 0.498  0.156, 0.435  0.069, obviously lower than that of group B 0.769  0.095 too (P<0.01). The positive expression of @entity14100 of group C, D were 0.406  0.171, 0.497  0.147, obviously higher than that of group B 0.222  0.113(P<0.01). Any result of group C, D was positive compared with that of group E (P <0.05). Ultrastructure of the lacrimal gland of group C, D, E was well preserved, especially in D group it was remarkable. CONCLUSION: The extract of Buddleja officinalis can adjust lacrimal gland partial @entity32 of @entity936 .

title: Effects of extract of Buddleja officinalis on partial XXXX of lacrimal gland in castrated @entity95 with @entity936 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) kinase plays crucial roles in cell growth and differentiation. It has recently been shown that the @entity3457 kinase cascade in growth factor signaling diverges and cross-talks with other signaling pathways. In the present study, we examined the effects of @entity2307 , a specific inhibitor of @entity4357 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), on the activation of Ras, @entity10242 kinase, and @entity3457 kinase by @entity2690 and @entity4179 (EGF). The effect of @entity2306 , a structurally distinct PI3-kinase inhibitor, on the activation of @entity10242 kinase by both ligands was also examined. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 25 nmol/l @entity2307 inhibited the @entity2690 -induced activation of @entity10242 kinase to the basal level, whereas the same dose of @entity2307 had little effect on the EGF-induced activation of @entity10242 kinase. One hundred micromol/l @entity2306 blocked @entity2690 -induced activation of @entity10242 kinase without affecting EGF-induced activation of this kinase. Twenty-five nmol/l @entity2307 inhibited the @entity2690 -induced activation of @entity3457 kinase to the basal level with no effect on the EGF-induced activation of this kinase. But the same dose of @entity2307 did not affect the formation of @entity7307 ( @entity3007 )-bound Ras stimulated by either ligand. In KB cells, results similar to those in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were obtained. In contrast, in @entity3569 ovary cells overexpressing the @entity1 @entity8277 (CHO-HIR cells), neither @entity2307 nor @entity2306 inhibited the @entity2690 -induced activation of @entity10242 kinase, and @entity2307 had little effect on the activation of @entity3457 kinase by @entity2690 . These results indicate that 1) PI3-kinase or @entity2307 -sensitive molecules are involved in the interaction between activated Ras and @entity10242 kinase in the @entity2690 signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 2) the involvement of PI3-kinase or @entity2307 -sensitive molecules in the @entity2690 -induced activation of @entity3457 kinase appears to be cell-type specific, and 3) differential mechanisms to activate @entity10242 kinase and @entity3457 kinase by @entity2690 and EGF exist.

title: Differential activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by @entity2690 and @entity4179 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: a possible involvement of PI3-kinase in the activation of the @entity3457 kinase by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity7307 :: ('CHEBI:15996', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Mitogen-activated protein', 'MAP']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Cervicovaginal cytology, known as @entity975 smear, is the most effective screening test in medical oncology. Introduced by Dr. George Papanicolaou in 1940, the @entity975 smear is now being recognized as a major contributor to the remarkable decrease in @entity5 morbidity and mortality among @entity1 throughout the world. However, there are still significant numbers of @entity1 who lose their lives to @entity5 every day. To overcome this major problem, first, we must search for the reasons for these lost lives and then take appropriate measures to resolve the existing issues. There is now substantial evidence that emphasizes the importance of an effective screening program. This program must integrate education and accessibility to health care for all @entity1 regardless of age, race, ethnic background and socioeconomic status. The public, the media, the government and health care providers must also become acutely aware of the inherent difficulties involved in providing a high-quality @entity975 smear. Compounded by medicolegal pressures and reimbursement issues, the @entity975 smear has become one of the more difficult tests to perform. Current reimbursement mechanisms are not appropriate for the cost of providing the service and cannot guarantee the resources necessary for a high-quality @entity975 smear. Congress should consider mandating direct billing to the @entity1 for the service, so that cervicovaginal cytology could be reimbursed on a level commensurate with the requirements of providing quality service. A concerted effort should also be made to enhance the level of public knowledge about the issues surrounding @entity975 smear. This could be achieved by fostering the idea of designating a "Cervical @entity5 ," and by encouraging the spirit of community networking.

title: Why @entity1 still die from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Awareness Month', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence implicates the critical roles of epigenetic regulation in @entity5 . Very recent reports indicate that global gene silencing in @entity5 is associated with specific epigenetic modifications. However, the relationship between epigenetic switches and more dynamic patterns of gene activation and repression has remained largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Genome-wide profiling of the trimethylation of histone H3 @entity376 4 (H3K4me3) and @entity376 27 (H3K27me3) was performed using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with whole genome promoter microarray (ChIP-chip) techniques. Comparison of the ChIP-chip data and microarray gene expression data revealed that loss and/or @entity1017 of H3K4me3 and/or H3K27me3 were strongly associated with differential gene expression, including microRNA expression, between @entity263 and primary cells. The most common switches were @entity1017 or loss of H3K27me3 coupled with low effect on gene expression. The least prevalent switches were between H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 coupled with much higher fractions of activated and silenced genes. Promoter patterns of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 corresponded strongly with coordinated expression changes of regulatory gene modules, such as HOX and microRNA genes, and structural gene modules, such as desmosome and gap junction genes. A number of epigenetically switched oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes were found overexpressed and underexpressed accordingly in @entity263 cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This work offers a dynamic picture of epigenetic switches in @entity105 and contributes to an overall understanding of coordinated regulation of gene expression in @entity5 . Our data indicate an H3K4me3/H3K27me3 epigenetic signature of prostate @entity105 .

title: Genome-wide profiling of histone h3 XXXX 4 and @entity376 27 trimethylation reveals an epigenetic signature in prostate @entity105 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: This analysis aims at determining to what extent spontaneous @entity167 drinking in adult male @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ) represents @entity1068 -directed behaviour. It is shown that in a condition of free access to an @entity1068 /water solution (2 percent v/v) and drinking water, @entity167 drinking was initiated in all subjects (n = 4) within a few days, without any specific induction procedure. Relationship between drinking behaviour and @entity1068 concentrations was studied in 8 subjects by use of a concurrent 3-bottle-design. 2 bottles containing @entity1068 solution (concentrations 2.4; 4.8; 8.16; 16.32 percent v/v), 1 bottle contained drinking water. When @entity1068 concentrations in the solutions increased, consumption of @entity1068 solutions decreased, of drinking water increased, and of total water decreased. Net @entity1068 intake from a certain solution was influenced by its concentration and the concentration of the concurrently available solution. After an initial increase, total net @entity1068 intake remained relatively constant. Consumed amounts of @entity1068 (on the average 2-6 ml.kg-1 per day) could lead to notable blood @entity1068 levels. Drinking from @entity1068 solution was not just an alternative for ingesting water. The observed @entity167 drinking is interpreted as resulting from a central reinforcement of @entity1068 intake and avoidance of negative, potentially harmful effects of @entity1068 .

title: Analysis of spontaneous @entity167 drinking in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Macaca mulatta', 'rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: A common feature of the @entity1 septin gene family is complex genomic architecture with multiple alternate splice variants. @entity29410 has 18 distinct transcripts encoding 15 polypeptides, with two transcripts ( @entity29410 _v4 and v4*) encoding the same polypeptide. We have previously reported that the ratio of these distinct transcripts is altered in @entity5 , with the v4 transcript being the usual form in normal cells but v4* becoming predominant in @entity5 . This led us to ask what the functional differences between these two transcripts might be. The 5'-UTRs of v4 and v4* have distinct 5' ends encoded by exons 1beta (v4) and 1zeta and 2 (v4*) and a common 3' region and initiating ATG encoded within exon 3. Here we show that the two mRNAs are translated with different efficiencies and that cellular stress can alter this. A putative internal ribosome entry site can be identified in the common region of the v4 and v4* 5'-UTRs and translation is modulated by an upstream open-reading frame in the unique region of the v4 5'-UTR. Germline mutations in @entity11438 ( @entity11438 ) map to the region which is common to the two UTRs. These mutations dramatically enhance the translational efficiency of the v4 5'-UTR, leading to elevated @entity29410 _v4 protein under @entity519 conditions. Our data provide a mechanistic insight into how the @entity11438 mutations can alter the fine control of @entity29410 _v4 protein and its regulation under physiologically relevant conditions and are consistent with the episodic and stress-induced nature of the clinical features of @entity11438 .

title: Translational control of XXXX isoforms is perturbed in disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy', 'HNA']

answer: @entity29410 :: (10801,Gene) :: ['SEPT9']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the initial and mid-term results of a new self-expanding low strut profile @entity5648 stent for treatment of @entity731 stenoses and occlusions in the superficial femoral artery ( @entity10194 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 8 @entity1 (4 male, 4 female, mean age 74.8 +/- 8.8 years) with @entity10194 lesions and non-satisfying results after @entity865 treatment alone, 10 self-expanding @entity5648 Xpert stents were deployed via a 4 F sheath. Stent characteristics and handling were graded by the interventionalist. Fontaine classification, duplex flow measurements and ankle brachial index (ABI) at rest and stress were taken prior and one day after stent placement. @entity1 were followed 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure obtaining the same parameters at each appointment. RESULTS: Initial stent treatment was successful in all @entity1 . Stent handling and positioning were rated very good and safe. All @entity1 improved clinically by at least one Fontaine stage (range before treatment: stage IIb to IV). The mean ABI at rest (stress) improved initially from 0.68 (0.70) to 1.07 (0.99). During a mean follow-up period of 8.3 months no case of clinically relevant in-stent stenosis was observed with stable values of ABI at rest and stress. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity10194 lesions using the 4F-compatible self-expanding @entity5648 Xpert stent is technically simple, safe and shows good initial and mid-term results.

title: Initial and mid-term results of a 4F compatible self-expanding low strut profile XXXX stent in the superficial femoral artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two new methods of reconstructing the proximal oesophagus after resection of @entity5 in the larynx, hypopharynx, or proximal oesophagus are examined. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between 1991 and 1996, 12 @entity1 were operated on after initial irradiation. The reconstructions were done by a microsurgical technique, with eight jejunum transplants and four tubulated radial forearm flaps. The records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The @entity1 were hospitalised for about a month and were able to swallow soft food three weeks after the operation. Most @entity1 achieved @entity158 palliation and a good swallowing function for a period of three to more than 24 months, until relapse. All @entity1 except two died between five and 21 months after the operation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Both techniques give an acceptable swallowing function until relapse. The size of the defect indicates the choice of flap. They are also suitable in such situations as complex @entity292 formation, @entity8593 , and the after-effects of corrosion.

title: [Reconstruction of upper esophagus after treatment of XXXX in the larynx, hypopharynx and upper esophagus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity8593 :: ('MESH:D007409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital atresia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Despite benefit in acute @entity64 , less than 3% of @entity1 receive @entity1456 (tPA) in Australia. The FASTER (Face, Arm, Speech, Time, Emergency Response) protocol was constructed to reduce pre-hospital and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) delays and improve access to thrombolysis. This study aimed to determine if introduction of the FASTER protocol increases use of tPA using a prospective pre- and post-intervention cohort design in a metropolitan hospital. A pre-hospital assessment tool was used by ambulance services to screen potential tPA candidates. The @entity64 was contacted, hospital bypass allowed, triage and CT radiology alerted, and the @entity1 rapidly assessed on arrival to @entity341 . Data were collected prospectively during the first 6 months of the new pathway and compared to a 6-month period 12 months prior to protocol initiation. In the 6 months following protocol introduction, 115 @entity1 presented within 24 hours of onset of an @entity64 : 22 (19%) received thrombolysis, significantly greater than five (7%) of 67 @entity1 over the control period, p=0.03. Overall, 42 @entity1 were referred via the FASTER pathway, with 21 of these receiving tPA (50%). One @entity64 was also treated. Only two referrals (<5%) were @entity64 mimics. Introduction of the FASTER pathway also significantly reduced time to thrombolysis and time to admission to the @entity64 unit. Therefore, fast-track referral of potential tPA @entity1 involving the ambulance services and streamlined hospital assessment is effective and efficient in improving @entity1 access to thrombolysis.

title: FASTER (Face, Arm, Speech, Time, Emergency Response): experience of Central Coast XXXX Services implementation of a pre-hospital notification system for expedient management of @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['inpatient stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'acute stroke team']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic and frequent @entity167 ( @entity1068 [ @entity167 ]) intake has been associated with an increased incidence of several types of @entity5 including @entity0 , throat, esophageal, stomach, and colorectal (CRC). The underlying mechanism of this deleterious carcinogenic effect of @entity167 has not been clearly established but @entity32 may be 1 unifying feature of these @entity5 . We have recently shown that intestinal mast cells play a central role in intestinal @entity105 . In this study, we tested our hypothesis that mast cell-mediated @entity32 is 1 underlying mechanism by which chronic @entity167 promotes intestinal tumorigenesis. METHODS: @entity1412 (/\468) @entity19 were fed either an @entity167 -containing Nanji liquid diet or isocaloric @entity413 -containing Nanji diet for 10 weeks and then sacrificed to collect small and large intestine samples. Assessments of @entity5 number and size as well as mast cell number and mast cell activity and histology score for invasion were compared between Control ( @entity413 -fed) and @entity167 -fed @entity1412 (   468) @entity19 . The effect of @entity167 on mast cell-mediated @entity5 migration was also assessed using an in vitro migration assay. RESULTS: @entity167 feeding increased both polyp number and size within both the small and the large intestines of @entity1412 (   468) @entity19 . Only @entity167 -fed @entity19 showed evidence of @entity5 invasion. Chronic @entity167 feeding also resulted in an increased mast cell number and activity in @entity5 stroma and invading borders. In vitro migration assay showed that @entity167 significantly increases mast cell-mediated @entity5 migration in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that chronic @entity167 intake promotes: (i) intestinal tumorigenesis and @entity5 invasion in genetically susceptible @entity19 ; (ii) increases in polyp-associated mast cells; and (iii) mast cell-mediated @entity5 migration in vitro. Both our in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that mast cell-mediated @entity32 could be 1 mechanism by which @entity167 promotes @entity105 .

title: @entity1068 -induced mast cell-mediated XXXX leads to increased susceptibility of intestinal tumorigenesis in the @entity1412 /\468 min @entity19 model of colon cancer.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast, mouth']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'EtOH', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The clinical impact of nonadherence to gastroprotective agents (GPAs) coprescribed with anti-inflammatory therapies has not been evaluated. In a large, commercial, managed-care database, we retrospectively characterized the use of GPAs among @entity1 receiving nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ns-NSAIDs) or cyclooxygenase-2-selective inhibitors (coxibs) and determined the impact of nonadherence on the likelihood of @entity10189 . METHODS: Analyses identified the populations of @entity1 with concomitant @entity112 -2 receptor antagonist or proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and determined adherence with the prescribed therapy with respect to the duration of anti-inflammatory treatment. Multivariate regression analyses modeled the association between adherence with concomitant protective therapy and the likelihood of @entity344 including peptic @entity1066 , @entity360 . RESULTS: Among 144,203 @entity1 newly prescribed anti-inflammatory therapies, 1.8% received concomitant GPA treatment (ns-NSAIDs, 1.4% vs coxibs, 2.6%; P < .0001). The likelihood of GPA use increased with the presence of risk factors: age older than 65 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-1.5) and prior history of peptic @entity1066 (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.8-3.3), @entity2910 / @entity354 (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 3.5-4.1), @entity360 (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5), or @entity3621 (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.2-2.8). Of @entity1 receiving concomitant PPI therapy, 68% had adherence rates of 80% or more. A significantly higher risk of @entity344 was observed in ns-NSAID @entity1 with adherence rates of less than 80% compared with adherence rates of 80% or more (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.6), but no such relationship was observed among @entity1 who took coxibs. CONCLUSIONS: Few @entity1 receive concomitant GPA therapy when prescribed anti-inflammatory treatment, although use increased with the presence of risk factors. Adherence to concomitant therapy is paramount to reducing GI events among ns-NSAID users and educational efforts should be undertaken to promote use of and adherence to GPA therapy among these @entity1 .

title: Impact of adherence to concomitant gastroprotective therapy on nonsteroidal-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer complications']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper-GI ulcers/complications', 'upper gastrointestinal (GI) complications']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer/upper-GI bleed', 'ulcer, and/or upper-GI bleed']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer complications']


abstract: We described two @entity1 with @entity86 with @entity1764 who were successfully treated by omentopexy. One was a 15-year-old @entity1 . Five days after accessory pathway division for @entity3153 , he was diagnosed as having sternal @entity4034 . Cultures of the exudate yielded @entity5938 . Closed continuous irrigation with diluted @entity4279 was not effective. After open drainage, omentopexy with an omental pedicle flap was performed. Postoperatively, computed tomography showed no abnormal findings in the omental flap and surrounding tissue. The second @entity1 was a 33-year-old @entity1 . Re-aortic valve replacement for @entity337 was performed. Eleven days after the operation, he was diagnosed as having @entity86 . Cultures of the drainage fluid yielded @entity5938 . Continuous closed irrigation with @entity4279 was ineffective. Thus, the wound was opened and omentopexy with an omental pedicle flap was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Computed tomography showed no residual @entity32 . We conclude that the omentopexy is useful in the treatment of @entity86 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX using an omental pedicle flap].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['abscess or recurrent inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['staphylococcus epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal abscess']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative sternal osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative osteomyelitis']


abstract: The paper gives reasons for the view that psychopathology has to be not only the fundamental method for clinical psychiatry, but also an essential prerequisite for a rational therapy of @entity161 and @entity74 . Because @entity161 @entity1 present very different types of psychopathological @entity44619 , the choice of a distinct neuroleptic or antidepressant compound and their dosage has to be guided along the @entity751 . The clinical-therapeutical effects of neuroleptics and antidepressants are above all symptom- (Freyhan) or syndrome-directed. The differentiation of positive and negative symptoms, @entity4432 , or of the prodromal symptoms according to contemporary approaches seems to be not sufficient for the early detection of psychopathological predictors of an impending @entity716 and the special indication and choice of a distinct drug and dosing strategy. This is valid for maintenance treatment of @entity1 in remission, for early intervention in the prodromal stages before the first and later @entity716 and in preventing relapses. Relapse rates can be reduced by a low dose maintenance therapy with basic symptom oriented early adaptation of the dosage in the prodromes before @entity716 remanifestations. Some presuppositions of an effective psychopharmacological and psychological therapy in view of clinical psychopathology (K. Schneider) and the "phenomenological attitude" (K. Jaspers) are outlined. A necessary condition for the secondary as well as for the primary prevention of @entity716 is the detailed knowledge of the interindividual different dynamic and @entity73 , defined in the Bonn Scale BSABS, that are experiential in kind and not identical with the negative and behavioral "Prodromal and Residual Symptoms" of DSM and ICD-10. The early detection and preventive intervention of @entity914 is most likely possible by means of a subtle, descriptive-analytical phenomenology and psychopathology. Also "chronic" @entity1 beyond acute psychoses, e. g. those with persisting pure residues, characterized not by true negative, but by basic symptoms, often respond to distinct atypical neuroleptics and/or antidepressants. The knowledge of the prodromal symptoms and the coping strategies, frequently developed by the @entity1 themselves, is an essential component of a basic symptom oriented psychoeducational concept.

title: [How far is psychopathology still meaningful for the treatment of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive basic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity44619 :: ('MESH:C537866', 'Disease') :: ['cross-sectional syndromes']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic psychoses']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic or residual schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathological target syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic episodes', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: 1. Maximal activation directions of vertical burst-tonic and tonic neurons in the region of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) were examined in alert @entity468 during vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex induced by @entity717 (at 0.11 Hz +/- 10 deg, or 0.31 Hz +/- 5 deg) in a variety of vertical planes using a null point analysis. The results were compared with the angles of anatomical and functional planes of vertical canals reported by Blanks et al. (1972) and Robinson (1982), and with the angles of vertical eye muscles measured in this study and by Ezure and Graf (1984). 2. Maximal activation directions of 23 cells (21 burst-tonic and 2 tonic neurons) were determined from their responses during rotation in 4 or more different vertical planes. All cells showed sinusoidal gain curves and virtually constant phase values except near the null regions, suggesting that their responses were evoked primarily by canal inputs. Phase values of 5 cells near the null regions depended on the rotation plane, suggesting additional otolith inputs. We used a measurement error range of +/- 10 deg for calculating the maximal activation directions from the null regions of individual cells and the values of error ranges of null calculation. Of the 23, the maximal activation directions of 7 cells were outside the @entity7733 and within the ranges of vertical canal angles (class A), those of 5 cells were within the ranges of eye muscle angles and outside the ranges of vertical canal angles (class B), and those of the remaining 11 cells were in the overlapping ranges for both angles (class C). Even if only the cells in which 5 or more measurement points were taken to determine maximal activation directions (n = 15), the results were similar. During @entity717 with the head orientation +60 deg off the pitch plane, dissociation of cell activity and @entity1319 was observed in 5 cells in class A or C that had null angles near +45 deg. These results suggest that the cells in class A and B carried individual vertical canal and oculomotor signals, respectively, although it is difficult to tell for the majority of cells (class C) which signals they reflected. Some cells in class A and C were antidromically activated from the medial longitudinal fasciculus at the level of abducens nucleus, suggesting that the signals carried by these cells may be sent to the lower brainstem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Spatial properties of vertical eye movement-related neurons in the region of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal in awake XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal rotation', 'vertical rotation']

entities_list: @entity7733 :: ('MESH:D058494', 'Disease') :: ['measurement error ranges of vertical eye muscle angles']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['vertical compensatory eye movement']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: AIM: Our study aims at further defining the characteristics of @entity302 in @entity74 ( @entity74 ). METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 345 @entity1 with @entity74 followed at the @entity209 Unit of our Department of Pediatrics and found the presence of an @entity302 in 45 cases. An overview is given based on various criteria such as pathogenetic background, @entity410 type, age of onset, EEG, neuroimaging data, treatability. @entity410 types were: focal (24 @entity1 ), generalized (13 @entity1 ), febrile (3 @entity1 ), and hypoglycemic (8 @entity1 with glycogenoses). Some @entity1 presented with more than one type of @entity410 . Age of onset was mainly during the first year of life (N.=19), between 2 and 6 years in 13 @entity1 , and after the 6th year in 9 @entity1 . RESULTS: Available EEGs showed either focal (N.=21) or generalized @entity302 (N.=11); multifocal @entity7965 were evident in 3 @entity1 while the remaining 3 @entity1 had normal findings. Available neuroimages (CT/MRI) showed either normal findings (N.=6) or @entity62 (N.=6), cerebral and/or cerebellar cortical @entity194 (N.=11), @entity1276 (N.=1), @entity6789 (N.=2), @entity26282 (N.=1), @entity5219 in trigone area (N.=4). Most @entity1 showed a favorable response to antiepileptic treatment (AEDs) with either complete control or reduced @entity410 frequency. CONCLUSION: @entity74 are a relatively rare cause of @entity302 in @entity1 but their diagnosis is very important with respect to treatment, prognosis and genetic counselling.

title: @entity302 in XXXX : a pediatric series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity26282 :: ('MESH:C580383', 'Disease') :: ['pontocerebellar hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['IMDs', 'Inherited Metabolic Disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic syndrome', 'epilepsy', 'epileptiform abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic Diseases']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum hypoplasia']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['inherited metabolic disorders']


abstract: 1. Using grease-gap recordings from the isolated superior cervical ganglion of @entity19 , @entity35 and @entity840 , we have compared the depolarization evoked by @entity750 ( @entity750 ) with that evoked by the selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist @entity27881 ( @entity40824 ). 2. The maximum depolarization induced by @entity40824 was smaller than that induced by @entity750 in all three species, and particularly in the @entity840 . 3. The 5-HT2 receptor antagonist @entity6009 (1 microM) caused a clear rightward shift of the dose-response curve to @entity750 on the @entity840 ganglion, but not on the @entity19 or @entity35 ganglion. @entity11054 (0.03 microM) had a quantitatively similar action to @entity6009 (0.1 microM) on the @entity750 dose-response curve of the @entity840 ganglion. @entity6009 had no significant effect on the dose-response curve to @entity40824 on any of these ganglia. 4. Using @entity40824 as the agonist, we determined the pA2 values for two 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. The potency of ICS 205-930 varied by approximately 100 fold between the species and that of @entity2899 varied by over 1000 fold. The differences in the pA2 values of these compounds varied independently among the species. 5. We conclude that 5-HT3 receptors are present on the superior cervical ganglion from the @entity35 , @entity19 and @entity840 , but these receptors may be pharmacologically distinct from each other. In addition, the depolarization of the @entity840 superior cervical ganglion by low concentrations of @entity750 is largely mediated by @entity6009 -sensitive receptors.

title: Evidence that the 5-HT3 receptors of the XXXX , @entity19 and @entity840 superior cervical ganglion may be different.

entities_list: @entity11054 :: ('MESH:D013134', 'Chemical') :: ['Spiperone']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['(+)-tubocurarine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']