abstract: BACKGROUND: In randomized trials, screening mammography has led to decreased mortality from @entity0 . However, the low positive predictive value of mammography (i.e., the proportion of @entity1 with a positive test result who actually have @entity0 ) results in a large number of unnecessary biopsies. We determined whether scintimammography with @entity10979 is a useful supplemental diagnostic tool for @entity1 with nonpalpable @entity1558 identified by conventional mammography. METHODS: Scintimammography was performed preoperatively on 70 @entity1 who were 31-66 years of age (mean age and median age = 51 years). These @entity1 had nonpalpable @entity1558 identified by conventional mammography; subsequently, a needle-localization excisional biopsy of each suspicious lesion was performed. Scintimammographic images were interpreted independently by two nuclear medicine physicians who were blinded to all clinical and pathologic data, and an interobserver variation analysis was performed. RESULTS: Interobserver variation analysis of the scintimammographic findings showed an agreement for breast diagnosis of 97% and a kappa coefficient of 0.90. Comparison of scintimammographic findings and histopathologic results revealed that the sensitivity (proportion of @entity1 with @entity0 who had a positive test result), the specificity (proportion of @entity1 without @entity0 who had a negative test result), the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value (proportion of @entity1 with a negative test result who actually did not have @entity0 ) of scintimammography were 56% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 23%-85%), 87% (95% CI = 75%-94%), 38% (95% CI = 15%-68%), and 93% (95% CI = 82%-98%), respectively. Four of nine @entity0 were not detected by scintimammography. CONCLUSION: Because of excellent interobserver agreement, scintimammography provides an objective way of detecting primary @entity0 . In view of its low sensitivity and positive predictive value, however, scintimammography is not currently recommended as a screening test in @entity1 with nonpalpable positive mammographic findings.

title: Scintimammographic analysis of nonpalpable XXXX previously identified by conventional mammography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10979 :: ('MESH:D017256', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m-sestamibi']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The A(2B) @entity859 receptor (A(2B)R) is highly expressed in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells and has been established as an important regulator of @entity32 and vascular adhesion. Recently, it has been demonstrated that A(2B)R deficiency enhances neointimal lesion formation after @entity1317 . Therefore, we hypothesize that A(2B)R agonism protects against injury-induced intimal @entity1373 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 were fed a Western-type diet for 1 week, after which the left common carotid artery was denuded. @entity19 were treated with the A(2B) receptor agonist @entity24980 or vehicle control for 18 days. Interestingly, lumen @entity850 as defined by the @entity8233 /lumen ratio was inhibited by treatment with the A(2B) receptor agonist, caused by reduced smooth muscle cell proliferation. Collagen content was significantly increased in the @entity24980 -treated @entity19 , whereas macrophage content remained unchanged. In vitro, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation decreased dose dependently whereas collagen content of cultured smooth muscle cells was increased by @entity24980 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that activation of the @entity859 A(2B) receptor protects against @entity1317 , while it also enhances plaque stability as indicated by increased collagen content. These outcomes thus point to A(2B) receptor agonism as a new therapeutic approach in the prevention of @entity256 .

title: XXXX A   B receptor agonism inhibits neointimal lesion development after @entity1317 in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine']


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity662 . Chest X-ray and CT revealed an anterior mediastinal mass as well as several small masses attached to the left chest wall. @entity704 was diagnosed by percutaneous biopsy. The serum level of anti- @entity934 receptor antibody was 30.3 pmol/ml. At operation, the @entity704 was found left in the anterior mediastinum, extending to the upper lobe of the lung. There were also numerous @entity5 of various size in the left parietal pleura. Thymectomy, partial resection of the upper lobe of the lung and pleurectomy were performed. One month later, she developed @entity1737 . After a complete remission of @entity1737 brought about by anti- @entity1877 esterase therapy, the @entity1 was treated with irradiation. She has been well for more than five years after the operation but her serum anti- @entity934 receptor antibody level is still higher than normal.

title: [A case of XXXX which was treated by pleurectomy with @entity1 survival without recurrence for more than five years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['Thymoma', 'thymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma with pleural dissemination']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity43 ( @entity43 ) are rare. Determination of the optimal treatment modalities is crucial, as these @entity5 mainly affect @entity1 and young @entity1 who may wish to preserve their fertility. In order to review the prevalence, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of bilateral @entity43 , we performed a retrospective review of @entity1 who were diagnosed with bilateral @entity43 and underwent primary surgery at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University (Shanghai, China) between January, 2001 and December, 2014. Of the 130 @entity1 investigated, 8 were diagnosed with bilateral disease, most of whom were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I. There was no significant difference in overall and disease-free survival between @entity1 with unilateral and those with bilateral disease. Cases with @entity5000 , @entity5000 coexisting with @entity5712 , yolk sac @entity5 and ovarian @entity1466 were included in this study. Fertility was spared in 2 @entity1 (1 with @entity5000 and 1 with ovarian @entity1466 ). The @entity1 with @entity43 experienced relapse and was finally salvaged by radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. According to our results and the published data, @entity1 affected by bilateral @entity43 have a satisfactory prognosis. The treatment modalities largely depend on the histological type of the @entity5 . Fertility-sparing surgery may be safe for @entity1 affected by @entity5000 , but should be considered with caution in @entity1 with ovarian @entity1466 .

title: Management of bilateral XXXX : Experience of a single institute.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral malignant ovarian germ cell tumors', 'ovarian choriocarcinoma', 'MOGCTs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['primary choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['malignant ovarian germ cell tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Very little literature exists on rural specialists as a unique group and how best to meet their needs. We sought to provide some baseline information on specialists practising in @entity3394 to better understand their reasons for working rurally, their workload and how supported they felt, as well as their sources of advice and satisfaction with continuing medical education (CME). METHODS: The Society of Rural Physicians of Canada mailed a survey to specialists working in @entity3394 . Specialists were identified based on databases of the Canadian Medical Association (CMA) and the provincial colleges. The survey focused on reason(s) for working in a rural or remote setting, level of support and CME. RESULTS: The survey was sent to 1500 physicians and yielded a 19% response rate. Although 85% of respondents felt supported overall, less than 20% felt supported by the CMA or by the @entity15037 ( @entity15037 ). Conversely, most felt supported by immediate colleagues (85%) and their community (78%). Most wished they had access to more training, with close to 90% agreeing that additional training should be available if they had worked for several years in a rural or remote area and a need was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The CMA and the @entity15037 may wish to work with rural specialists to foster a more supportive relationship and better meet their needs. Additionally, efforts should be made to provide rural specialists with better access to relevant CME.

title: Needs of specialists in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3394 :: ('MESH:D044483', 'Disease') :: ['rural and remote Canada']

entities_list: @entity15037 :: ('MESH:D018318', 'Disease') :: ['Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada', 'RCPSC']

answer: @entity3394 :: (MESH:D044483,Disease) :: ['rural and remote Canada']


abstract: Cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-Sweep-MEKC) was directly used to test some abuse drugs in @entity1 urine, including @entity1286 (M), @entity10425 (C), @entity3652 (K) and @entity888 (MA). First, @entity1391 buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) containing 30% @entity1042 was filled into uncoated fused @entity3440 capillary (40 cm, 50 microm I.D.), then high conductivity buffer (100 mM @entity1391 , 6.9 kPa for 99.9 s) was followed. Electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 500 s) was used to load samples and to enhance sensitivity. The stacking step and separation were performed at -20 kV and 200 nm using @entity1391 buffer (25 mM, pH 2.5) containing 20% @entity1042 and 100 mM @entity3208 . Using CSEI-Sweep-MEKC, the analytes could be simultaneously analyzed and have a detection limit down to ppb level. It was unnecessary to have sample pretreatments. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r>or=0.9982) over a range of 150-3,000 ng/mL for M and C, 250-5,000 n g/mL for MA, and 50-1,000 ng/mL for K. The limits of detection were 15 ng/mL for M and C, and 5 ng/mL for MA and K (S/N=3, sampling 500 s at 10 kV). Comparing with capillary zone electrophoresis, the results indicated that this stacking method could increase 6,000-fold sensitivity for analysis of MA. Our method was applied for analysis of 28 real urine samples. The results showed good coincidence with immunoassay and GC-MS. This method was feasible for application to detect trace levels of abused drugs in forensic analysis.

title: Direct and sensitive analysis of @entity888 , @entity3652 , @entity1286 and @entity10425 in XXXX urine by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The @entity740 Cohort (CRIC) Study was established to examine risk factors for the progression of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity1 with @entity740 . We examined baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Seven clinical centers recruited adults who were aged 21 to 74 yr and had @entity740 using age-based estimated GFR (eGFR) inclusion criteria. At baseline, blood and urine specimens were collected and information regarding health behaviors, diet, quality of life, and functional status was obtained. GFR was measured using radiolabeled @entity10817 in one third of @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 3612 @entity1 were enrolled with mean age +/- SD of 58.2 +/- 11.0 yr; 46% were @entity1 , and 47% had @entity6 . Overall, 45% were non-Hispanic white, 46% were @entity7864 , and 5% were Hispanic. Eighty-six percent reported @entity101 , 22% coronary disease, and 10% @entity712 . Mean body mass index was 32.1 +/- 7.9 kg/m(2), and 47% had a BP >130/80 mmHg. Mean eGFR was 43.4 +/- 13.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and median (interquartile range) protein excretion was 0.17 g/24 h (0.07 to 0.81 g/24 h). Lower eGFR was associated with older age, lower socioeconomic and educational level, cigarette smoking, self-reported @entity65 , @entity3657 , and elevated BP. CONCLUSIONS: Lower level of eGFR was associated with a greater burden of @entity65 as well as lower socioeconomic and educational status. Long-term follow-up of @entity1 will provide critical insights into the epidemiology of @entity740 and its relationship to adverse outcomes.

title: XXXX Cohort (CRIC) Study: baseline characteristics and associations with kidney function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'Chronic Renal Insufficiency', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity10817 :: ('MESH:D007483', 'Chemical') :: ['iothalamate']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Renal Insufficiency']


abstract: Intraductal @entity4929 (IPMNs) of the pancreas represent a relatively "new", but increasingly recognized entity. The emergence of this entity is due primarily to the widespread use of modern imaging methods, but also to a heightened awareness of physicians regarding this @entity788 . No signs or symptoms are pathognomonic of IPMNs, but frequently, @entity1 have a @entity788 -like @entity490 . Fully one-third of @entity1 with IPMN are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Cross-sectional imaging (ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasonography are the diagnostic and staging methods of choice in the evaluation of @entity1 with IPMNs. IPMNs show a wide spectrum of histologic changes, ranging from @entity3 , even within the same @entity5 , suggesting a "field defect" predisposing @entity1347 or even the entire ductal epithelium to the development of IPMN. Fine-needle aspiration/cytology and/or analysis of the cystic fluid may be useful diagnostic tools; however, these examinations are associated with high false-negative rates. Complete surgical resection is the therapeutic method of choice. The extent and type of pancreatectomy remain somewhat controversial but should be based on morphologic changes of the pancreas. Even the role of adjuvant therapy remains unclear; however, being "duct-derived" @entity5 of potential malignant character, some form of adjuvant chemo- or ratio-therapy seems indicated in the presence of @entity3 , despite a "curative" resection. In the absence of @entity3 , prognosis after R0 resection is highly favorable with recurrences of 5-10%. However, invasive IPMNs behave quite similar to @entity1124 when analyzed stage-by-stage, with a slightly better prognosis; however, even after an R0 resection, recurrence is common.

title: Intraductal XXXX of the pancreas: a surgical perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'cystic neoplasm of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['major segments']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive disease', 'adenoma to invasive neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['papillary mucinous neoplasms']


abstract: Two dosages of Smokeless @entity286 (ST) extract were given to gravid @entity35 by oral gavage on gestational days (GD) 6-20. The low dosage contained ST extract equivalent to 1.33 mg/kg @entity1239 (STD-1), and the high dosage contained ST extract equivalent to 4.0 mg/kg @entity1239 (STD-2). Dams were dosed three times daily at 8 a.m., 11 a.m., and 2 p.m., thus providing total daily @entity1239 equivalent dosages of 4 mg/kg/day and 12 mg/kg/day. Controls received equivalent amounts of distilled water by gavage. Dams were allowed to deliver and all experimental pups were fostered to control mothers. On postnatal day 1 (PND 1) litters were culled to 4 +/- 1 females and 4 +/- 1 males. Weights, physical landmark development, and behavioral performance of pups were monitored during pre- and post-weaning periods. Behavioral tests included: surface righting, negative geotaxis, swimming development, open-field activity, active avoidance in shuttle box, and Cincinnati swimming maze. Our results show that the STD-2 dose resulted in reduced maternal @entity1017 . Offspring weights were reduced in a dose-related manner, with the most consistent @entity353 seen in the STD-2 group until PND29. Consistent STD-1 @entity353 were seen up to PND 8. The incidence of @entity204 was increased in the STD-2 dosage group. No significant treatment-related differences were observed in development of physical landmarks. Male STD-2 pups righted faster than controls, and significant differences were noted in swimming development with the STD-1 group of pups performing less effectively than controls. Activity levels, assessed during both pre- and post-weaning periods were not affected. No treatment-related differences were seen in the active avoidance shuttle box or Cincinnati swimming maze tests, which assessed learning. Female brain weights were reduced in the STD-1 treatment group.

title: Behavioral effects of prenatally administered smokeless XXXX on @entity35 offspring.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight deficits']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spectrum of @entity203 in association with @entity460 channel blockers is extensive, varying from exanthemas to severe adverse events. Reactions due to @entity3988 occur more frequently than with other @entity460 channel blockers. Patch testing has been used as confirmatory testing in @entity1 with extensive cutaneous reactions. Cross-reactivity among these drugs have not been established. MATERIAL: We present 3 @entity1 : 1) A 54-year-old @entity1 developed a generalized @entity9374 followed by erythrodermia and @entity5658 6-7 days after starting on @entity3988 . The drug was stopped and remission was obtained with emollients and systemic @entity288 and antihistamines within 12 days. 2) A 80-year-old @entity1 experienced a @entity203 on her trunk which evolved to generalized erythrodermia and superficial desquamation. This reaction appeared 10 days after taking @entity3988 , and gradually improved in 10-12 days after discontinuation of this drug. 3) A 79-year-old @entity1 presented with erythema and @entity111 initially on the back, and then affecting thorax, extremities and face. He had started treatment with @entity3988 three days before. @entity3988 was stopped and @entity134 and antihistamine therapy was given. His skin condition improved, but 3 days later the @entity1 received @entity1855 with worsening of previous situation. He recovered within 7 days. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two to six months after the reaction, we carried out epicutaneous tests with @entity460 channel blockers from different groups. @entity3988 proved positive (at 48 and 96 hours) in the three @entity1 ; @entity594 was also positive in @entity1 2, and @entity1855 in @entity1 3. Controlled administration of @entity1855 was well tolerated in @entity1 2 after the reaction, and the @entity1 1 has taken @entity594 without problems. CONCLUSIONS: 1) We report 3 cases of cutaneous reactions due to @entity3988 . 2) Epicutaneous tests have been useful for diagnosis. 3) As one of @entity1 had positive patch tests to @entity3988 and @entity594 , and other one with @entity3988 and @entity1855 , more studies are needed to demonstrate cross reactions among @entity460 channel blockers.

title: Cutaneous reactions due to XXXX and cross reactivity with other @entity460 channel blockers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['pruritic exanthematous eruption', 'cutaneous eruptions']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['exfoliative dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity9374 :: ('MESH:D004892', 'Disease') :: ['erythema-multiforme-like reaction']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: @entity413 utilization was studied in preimplantation embryos from normal and @entity6 @entity19 . With use of ultramicrofluorometric enzyme assays, intraembryonic free @entity413 in single embryos recovered from control and @entity3839 -induced @entity1602 @entity19 was measured at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after mating. Free @entity413 concentrations dropped significantly in @entity6 at 48 and 96 h, corresponding to the two-cell and blastocyst stages (48 h: @entity6 0.23 +/- 0.09 vs. control 2.30 +/- 0.43 mmol/kg wet wt; P < 0.001; 96 h: @entity6 0.31 +/- 0.29 vs. control 5.12 +/- 0.17 mmol/kg wet wt; P < 0.001). Hexokinase activity was not significantly different in the same groups. Transport was then compared using nonradioactive @entity897 uptake and microfluorometric enzyme assays. The @entity897 uptake was significantly lower at both 48 and 96 h in embryos from @entity6 vs. control @entity19 (48 h @entity6 , 0.037 +/- 0. 003; control, 0.091 +/- 0.021 mmol . kg wet wt-1 . 10 min-1, P < 0. 05; 96 h @entity6 , 0.249 +/- 0.008; control, 0.389 +/- 0.007 mmol . kg wet wt-1 . 10 min-1, P < 0.02). When competitive quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used, there was 44 and 68% reduction in the @entity29408 mRNA at 48 h (P < 0.001) and 96 h (P < 0.05), respectively, in @entity6 vs. control @entity19 . @entity41341 and @entity24031 mRNA values were decreased 63 and 77%, respectively (P < 0.01, P < 0.01) at 96 h. Quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated 49 +/- 6 and 66 +/- 4% less @entity29408 protein at 48 and 96 h and 90 +/- 5 and 84 +/- 6% less @entity41341 and -3 protein, respectively, at 96 h in @entity6 embryos. These findings suggest that, in response to a maternal @entity6 state, preimplantation @entity19 embryos experience a decrease in @entity413 utilization directly related to a decrease in @entity413 transport at both the mRNA and protein levels.

title: Maternal hyperglycemia alters XXXX transport and utilization in @entity19 preimplantation embryos.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: In a controlled study we compared the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) performed by two different methods. The oocytes from 20 @entity1 were equally divided into two groups and injected either by conventional ICSI using @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ) or by a modified @entity12468 -free ICSI procedure. While in the conventional ICSI method the spermatozoon is aspirated into the injection pipette, in the modified ICSI procedure the spermatozoon is attached to the end of the narrow micropipette by aspirating its tail. The sperm head is never drawn into the pipette. Accordingly, even a fast-moving spermatozoon can be 'caught' easily. As a result of such an aspiration the spermatozoon loses its motility. Therefore, @entity12468 is required neither to slow down the movement of the spermatozoon nor to facilitate the movement of the solution in the injection pipette. A total of 230 mature oocytes were injected by both methods and the results were analysed. No differences were observed in survival rate between the two ICSI procedures (89% and 91%, respectively). However, the proportion of normally fertilized oocytes was significantly higher after microfertilization by modified ICSI (74%) when compared with the outcome of the conventional ICSI method (62%). The frequency of abnormal fertilization was not influenced by the method of ICSI used. The cleavage rate and quality of resulting embryos were also comparable. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a modified ICSI method which does not require the use of @entity12468 . When compared with the conventional ICSI procedure, even better fertilization rates can be achieved. The proposed ICSI modification may provide an alternative procedure for elimination of the potentially harmful effects which may be associated with conventional ICSI.

title: A modified method of intracytoplasmic sperm injection without the use of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

answer: @entity4280 :: (MESH:D011205,Chemical) :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']


abstract: The small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are a class of metabolically stable small RNAs present in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. In @entity1 cells, there are six major molecular species (U1 to @entity41008 ), which are complexed with proteins, forming small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles, snRNPs. Of these, the U1, U2, U4, U5, U6 snRNPs are thought to participate in pre-mRNA splicing as part of the spliceosome. Here, we describe the characterization of the gene coding for the @entity6739 @entity41008 . Unexpectedly, the Schiz. pombe U6 RNA gene was found to contain an intron-like sequence of 50 base pairs. Northern blot analysis and RNA sequencing revealed that this intron-like sequence is precisely removed from the transcript. The mature U6 RNA of Schiz. pombe has 77% sequence homology with the @entity1 U6 RNA. In Schiz. pombe, it is possible that U6 RNA is not only involved in pre-mRNA splicing, but is also a splicing substrate. This is the first report of an intron in a snRNA gene.

title: The gene for the U6 small nuclear RNA in XXXX has an intron.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: Alcoholic individuals are predisposed to @entity1729 . However, mechanisms of perturbations leading to increased susceptibility to @entity358 of individuals with @entity7160 ( @entity7160 ) are not fully understood. We studied the antibacterial activity and oxidant generation (before and after stimulation by @entity4514 or opsonized zymosan) of alveolar macrophages from 16 @entity1 with @entity7160 . Our results were compared with those obtained from 12 healthy control subjects, from 8 @entity1 with @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ), and from 8 alcoholic individuals without @entity82 . All were nonsmokers, had normal chest X-rays, and did not present evidence of @entity358 3 months before. The total number of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage did not significantly differ between control subjects and @entity1 . The cellular viability of alveolar macrophages ( @entity3460 exclusion) was greater than 90% in all cases. The antibacterial activity of alveolar macrophages versus @entity794 was severely impaired in @entity7160 (-21 +/- 8.2%) whereas it was normal in @entity2835 (52 +/- 4.2%), in alcoholic subjects (44.6 +/- 5.4%), and in control subjects (60 +/- 5.5%). The same pattern of results was observed versus @entity526 (-47.7 +/- 10,28 +/- 8,28 +/- 12, and 29 +/- 8.5%, respectively). Previous incubation of normal alveolar macrophages with serum or BAL fluid from @entity7160 @entity1 or with normal serum or normal BAL fluid did not result in a significant decrease in antibacterial activity of normal alveolar macrophages. To distinguish ingested bacteria from adherent extracellular bacteria, cells that had been incubated with bacteria for 90 min were then incubated with lysostaphin (1 microgram/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX alveolar macrophage antibacterial activity in the alcoholic lung.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection', 'lung infections']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['ALC', 'alcoholic liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity360 is the most important complication associated with @entity117 therapy. @entity1 with preexisting @entity74 are at the higher risk and may experience life-threatening @entity548 . Platelet transfusions and desmopressin administration commonly successfully arrest @entity548 . However, in clinical situations with profound @entity548 and @entity548 , these therapeutic approaches may fail. CASE OUTLINE: We report a 24-year old female @entity1 with previously undetected acquired @entity1423 , who underwent reconstructive surgical intervention. On the 20th postoperative day, @entity117 was introduced due to reactive @entity1148 (platelet count 1480x10(9)/L) with daily dose of 100 mg tablets. On the 12th day of the @entity117 treatment, massive @entity360 with @entity548 suddenly occurred. Attempts to control massive @entity548 by resuscitation, blood products and haemostatics (desmopressin, @entity927 ) failed. Two bolus doses of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) (100 microg/kg and 60 microg/kg respectively) in 90 minutes interval were given. Bleeding was successfully controlled with no requirements for further haemoproducts and haemostatic remedies treatment. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates that the use of rFVIIa may be a specific treatment option in @entity1 suffering from severe @entity360 associated with @entity117 treatment.

title: [The use of recombinant activated factor VII in the treatment of XXXX following @entity117 therapy in a surgical @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic syndrome', 'haemorrhagic shock', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haemostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleeding', 'gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess trends in the use of ancillary diagnostic tests in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) and @entity726 suspects over the past decade. DESIGN: Retrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis. @entity1 : A total of 169 917 individuals with @entity1538 and 395 721 individuals with suspected @entity726 aged >= 40 years enrolled in a national United States managed care network between 2001 and 2009. METHODS: Claims data were analyzed to assess trends in @entity227 ( @entity227 ) testing, fundus photography (FP), and other ocular imaging (OOI) testing for @entity1 with @entity1538 or suspected @entity726 between 2001 and 2009. Repeated-measures logistic regression was performed to identify differences in the odds of undergoing these procedures in 2001, 2005, and 2009 and whether differences exist for @entity1 under the exclusive care of optometrists versus ophthalmologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds and annual probabilities of undergoing @entity227 testing, FP, and OOI for @entity1538 from 2001 to 2009. RESULTS: For @entity1 with @entity1538 , the odds of undergoing @entity227 testing decreased by 36% from 2001 to 2005, by 12% from 2005 to 2009, and by 44% from 2001 to 2009. By comparison, the odds of having OOI increased by 100% from 2001 to 2005, by 24% from 2005 to 2009, and by 147% from 2001 to 2009. Probabilities of undergoing FP were relatively low (13%-25%) for both provider types and remained fairly steady over the decade. For @entity1 cared for exclusively by optometrists, the probability of @entity227 testing decreased from 66% in 2001 to 44% in 2009. Among those seen exclusively by ophthalmologists, the probability of @entity227 testing decreased from 65% in 2001 to 51% in 2009. The probability of undergoing OOI increased from 26% in 2001 to 47% in 2009 for @entity1 of optometrists and from 30% in 2001 to 46% in 2009 for @entity1 of ophthalmologists. By 2008, @entity1 with @entity1538 receiving care exclusively by optometrists had a higher probability of undergoing OOI than @entity227 testing. CONCLUSIONS: From 2001 to 2009, OOI increased dramatically whereas @entity227 testing declined considerably. Because @entity44972 has not been shown to be as effective at detecting @entity1538 or disease progression compared with @entity227 testing, increased reliance on OOI technology, in lieu of @entity227 testing, may be detrimental to @entity1 care.

title: Trends in use of ancillary @entity726 tests for @entity1 with XXXX from 2001 to 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: AIM: To compare ecabet @entity1372 and @entity4444 in relieving symptoms of functional @entity2210 . METHODS: We performed a multi-center, prospective, randomized, double-blinded controlled trial to compare the clinical efficacy of ecabet @entity1372 and @entity4444 in @entity1 with functional @entity2210 . Two-hundred and seventy-two @entity1 with @entity1109 fulfilling the Rome-II criteria were enrolled from 7 centers. In the study group (115 @entity1 ), 1.5 g ecabet @entity1372 was given twice a day. In the control group (121 @entity1 ), 400 mg @entity4444 was given twice a day. Symptoms and parameters of quality of life were analyzed at baseline, 3, 14, and 28 d after initiating the treatment. RESULTS: Two-hundred and thirty-six @entity1 completed the clinical trial. After 4 wk of treatment, the rates of improvement in @entity1 with @entity1109 were not different between two groups (77.4% in the ecabet group and 79.3% in the @entity4444 group, respectively, P > 0.05). Likewise, the rates of symptomatic improvement were not different at 3 d and 14 d. The parameters of quality of life did not change significantly during the study period in both groups. There was no clinically significant adverse event in both groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with functional @entity2210 , ecabet @entity1372 has similar clinical efficacy with @entity4444 .

title: Efficacy and safety of ecabet XXXX on functional @entity2210 : a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, multi-center controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['dyspeptic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To apply voxel-based methods to map the regional distribution of @entity194 and T2 hyperintense lesions in the cervical cord of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 with different clinical phenotypes. METHODS: Brain and cervical cord 3D T1-weighted and T2-weighted scans were acquired from 31 healthy controls (HC) and 77 @entity15 @entity1 (15 @entity922 ( @entity922 ), 15 relapsing-remitting (RR), 19 benign (B), 15 primary progressive (PP) and 13 secondary progressive (SP) @entity15 ). @entity602 were outlined on T2-weighted scans. The T2- and 3D T1-weighted cord images were then analysed using an active surface method which created output images reformatted in planes perpendicular to the estimated cord centre line. These unfolded cervical cord images were co-registered into a common space; then smoothed binary cord masks and lesion masks underwent spatial statistic analysis (SPM8). RESULTS: No @entity194 was found in @entity922 @entity1 versus HC, while PPMS had significant @entity194 . Clusters of @entity194 were found in BMS versus RRMS, and in SPMS versus RRMS, BMS and PPMS @entity1 , mainly involving the posterior and lateral cord segments. @entity602 probability maps showed a significantly greater likelihood of abnormalities in RRMS, PPMS and SPMS than in @entity922 and BMS @entity1 . The spatial distributions of @entity194 and @entity602 were not correlated. In progressive @entity15 , regional @entity194 was correlated with @entity717 and @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: Voxel-based assessment of cervical @entity602 is feasible and may contribute to a better characterisation of the clinical heterogeneity of @entity15 @entity1 .

title: Voxel-wise mapping of cervical @entity602 in XXXX @entity1 with different clinical phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in the pyramidal system']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord lesions', 'cord damage', 'Cord lesion', 'Hyperintense cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'cord atrophy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['clinical disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndromes', 'CIS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity16377 (PAs) contribute to poplar defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcripts of PA biosynthetic genes accumulated rapidly in response to infection by the fungus @entity46848 , treatments of @entity3785 (SA) and wounding, resulting in PA accumulation in poplar leaves. @entity4211 reductase (ANR) and @entity46849 reductase (LAR) are two key enzymes of the PA biosynthesis that produce the main subunits: @entity12919 and @entity12919 required for formation of PA polymers. In Populus, ANR and LAR are encoded by at least two and three highly related genes, respectively. In this study, we isolated and functionally characterized genes PtrANR1 and PtrLAR1 from @entity26340 . Phylogenetic analysis shows that Populus ANR1 and LAR1 occurr in two distinct phylogenetic lineages, but both genes have little difference in their tissue distribution, preferentially expressed in roots. Overexpression of PtrANR1 in poplar resulted in a significant increase in PA levels but no impact on @entity12919 levels. Antisense down-regulation of PtrANR1 showed reduced PA accumulation in transgenic lines, but increased levels of @entity4211 content. Ectopic expression of PtrLAR1 in poplar positively regulated the biosynthesis of PAs, whereas the accumulation of @entity4211 and @entity3095 was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in all transgenic plants compared to the control plants. These results suggest that both PtrANR1 and PtrLAR1 contribute to PA biosynthesis in Populus.

title: Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding XXXX reductase and @entity4211 reductase from @entity26340 .

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['Proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity46848 :: ('698441', 'Species') :: ['Marssonina brunnea f.sp. multigermtubi']

entities_list: @entity12919 :: ('MESH:D002392', 'Chemical') :: ['catechin', '(-)-epicatechin', '(+)-catechin']

entities_list: @entity3095 :: ('CHEBI:5078', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonol']

entities_list: @entity46849 :: ('CHEBI:71216', 'Chemical') :: ['leucoanthocyanidin']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanin', 'Anthocyanidin']

answer: @entity46849 :: (CHEBI:71216,Chemical) :: ['leucoanthocyanidin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1503 , @entity26 delivery to myocytes is minimal with ineffective anaerobic metabolism predominating. @entity49872 , @entity49872 , a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin (Hb), increases release of @entity26 from Hb, increasing @entity26 availability to @entity519 tissues, and reverses the @entity2332 -dependent increase in Hb @entity26 affinity. We studied recovery of myocardial mechanical and metabolic function and examined myocardial morphology after cardioplegia, comparing @entity49872 (1.75 mmol/L)-supplemented blood ( @entity49872 - @entity1503 ) to standard @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve @entity235 underwent 15 minutes of 37 degrees C global @entity63 on @entity1167 , followed by 75 minutes of hypothermic cardioplegia (13 degrees C) with either @entity1503 (n=6) or @entity49872 - @entity1503 (n=6). There were no differences in baseline function between groups. Cardiac function was assessed after 30 minutes of 37 degrees C reperfusion ( @entity1503 versus @entity49872 - @entity1503 , respectively) by measuring: % return to normal sinus rhythm (0/100%), % of baseline+dP/dt (33.7+/-1.7/76.3+/-1.9), % of baseline-dP/dt (26.6+/-2.0/81.1+/-1.6), @entity64 volume (3.5+/-0.5/7.1+/-0.9 mL), cardiac output (340+/-20/880+/-40.3 mL/min), and LVEDP (11.3+/-2.2/0. 3+/-2.9 mm Hg). Postischemic oxidative and metabolic parameters including myocardial @entity880 , @entity2388 , @entity855 content, and percent water content also were determined. Histological analysis demonstrated preservation of endothelial and myocyte morphology in hearts receiving @entity49872 - @entity1503 compared with @entity1503 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that in the setting of hypothermic @entity1167 , @entity49872 improves recovery of myocardial mechanical and metabolic function compared with standard hypothermic @entity1503 . Findings from this study suggest that @entity49872 - @entity1503 , by decreasing hemoglobin @entity26 affinity, improves oxidative metabolism and preserves cellular morphology, resulting in significantly improved contractile recovery on reperfusion.

title: @entity49872 , a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin, improves myocardial recovery following hypothermic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity49872 :: ('MESH:C067396', 'Chemical') :: ['RSR13', '2-[4-[[(3,5-dimethylanilino) carbonyl]methyl]phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'During hypothermic blood cardioplegia', 'blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary bypass']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiopulmonary bypass']


abstract: The role of uncultured @entity320 cells in the proliferation of autologous @entity5 -specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was investigated. Uncultured autologous @entity5 cells by themselves induced modest, but significant, proliferation in 10 of 13 (77%) CTL clones and in only two of nine non-CTL clones. Uncultured allogenic @entity320 cells mostly failed to induce CTL proliferation. @entity5 -induced CTL proliferation declined with increasing age of the culture. It did not correlate with @entity2902 expression or was not inhibited by addition of anti- @entity1199 antibody to the culture. It was inhibited by pretreatment of @entity5 cells with anti-MHC class II, but not -MHC class I mAb. @entity1199 alone was sufficient for the potent proliferation of five of nine CTL clones. In all these five CTL clones, autologous @entity5 cells suppressed @entity1199 -induced proliferation. The remaining four CTL clones, however, required both uncultured autologous @entity320 cells and @entity1199 for the proliferation. @entity3646 or @entity650 , in particular @entity650 , facilitated @entity1199 -induced CTL proliferation, but not their @entity137 . In summary, uncultured @entity320 cells by themselves induced modest levels of CTL proliferation in the context of MHC class II antigens, whereas they suppressed @entity1199 -induced CTL proliferation in more than half of the clones.

title: Role of uncultured human @entity320 cells in the proliferation of autologous XXXX -specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Autologous tumor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article evaluates a single institute's radiotherapy management of OSSN, a previously regarded as rare malignancy, for possible future development of strategies to clearly define the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in improving treatment outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 153 @entity1 treated from January 2003 to December 2009. RESULTS: There was no difference in OSSN prevalence by gender (male to female ratio 1.07). Of 80/153 @entity1 tested 79 (98.8  %) were @entity16090 positive. Most @entity1 (62.9  %) had prior orbital exenteration. Moderately and poorly differentiated grade (82.3  %) was associated with significantly higher stage and incidence of positive regional lymph nodes. External beam therapy dose mostly used was 60Gy in 30 fractions at 200  cGy per fraction in 5 fractions per week (34.8  %). (90)Strontium therapy was given to 13.5  % (60Gy in 6 fractions at 10Gy per fraction weekly). Favourable response (complete and partial) was seen in about 80  % of @entity1 associated with higher total doses. Regional lymph node positivity was associated with poorer outcome. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant radiotherapy could have an important role in the management of @entity1 presenting with locally advanced OSSN who are mostly @entity16090 positive in developing countries. Prospective studies to evaluate the role of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in the management of OSSN in these settings are warranted.

title: Evaluation of the radiotherapy management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in a high XXXX prevalence setting- a retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity16090 :: (11709,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity161 are at high risk of developing @entity209 . METHOD: A prospective study focusing on metabolic disturbances in @entity1 with @entity161 , including an oral @entity413 tolerance test, is currently ongoing at our University Hospital and affiliate services. The prevalence of @entity209 at baseline was assessed in a cohort of 415 @entity1 with @entity161 . The sample was divided into 4 groups according to duration of illness: first-episode @entity1 (<1.5 years), recent-onset @entity1 (between 1.5 and 10 years), subchronic @entity1 (between 10 and 20 years) and chronic @entity1 (>20 years). RESULTS: @entity209 were already present in first-episode @entity1 , and considerably increased with increasing duration of illness. When compared to the general population matched for age and gender, much higher rates of the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and @entity6 were observed for @entity1 with @entity161 . For @entity209 , the increase over time was similar to that of the general population. In contrast, the difference in the prevalence of @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity161 and the general population dramatically and linearly increased from 1.6% in the 15-25 age-band to 19.2% in the 55-65 age-band. CONCLUSION: Thus, the current data suggest that on the one hand @entity209 are an inherent part of @entity161 , as they are already present in first-episode @entity1 . On the other hand, however, our results suggest a direct effect of the illness and/or antipsychotic medication on their occurrence. The data underscore the need for screening for @entity209 in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 , already starting from the onset of the illness.

title: Prevalence of XXXX , @entity209 and @entity209 in @entity161 over the course of the illness: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic illness']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic abnormalities', 'metabolic syndrome', 'MetS', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The scalp is a well-known predilection site for @entity1569 . Many @entity1 indicate that @entity11885 is both psychologically and socially distressing. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present investigation is to provide epidemiological data on the various manifestations of @entity11885 , as well as on its therapeutic management. METHODS: A questionnaire, targeted on @entity11885 , was mailed to @entity1 subscribers of a Dutch journal on @entity1569 . In total 1,023 forms were returned and evaluated. RESULTS: Remarkably, a relatively high occurrence of @entity1569 (25%) and @entity5806 (40%) was recorded. The dynamics of @entity11885 were rather similar to @entity1569 at other sites with respect to the total duration of the disease and exacerbations/remissions. In 57% of the @entity1 , @entity1569 was psychologically and socially distressing, at least occasionally. @entity19157 and scaling proved to be the leading symptoms, in terms of frequency of occurrence as well as in terms of distress. Therefore, these parameters should be regarded as primary efficacy criteria in the treatment of @entity11885 . On average, most @entity1 were seen by the dermatologist 5 times a year. The majority of prescriptions (76%) was given by the dermatologist. The application of topical corticosteroids was by far the most frequent treatment modality. To our surprise, @entity2116 was used by 28% of @entity1 . At the time of investigation @entity2116 was only available as ointment. Tar shampoos were used by 51% of the @entity1 , although the clinical efficacy of such a shampoo has never been demonstrated in a controlled study. A remarkable observation was the lack of instruction on the duration of treatment and the frequency of applications. In fact, 72% of the @entity1 used topical treatments, including topical corticosteroids, for more than 8 weeks, and 42% of the @entity1 used an intermittent schedule of a few applications per week. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the present survey, the following profile for an optimal treatment of @entity11885 can be constructed: (1) effective applications a few times per week; (2) either a lotion or an emulsion, and (3) safety for long-term use.

title: XXXX , clinical presentations and therapeutic management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'facial psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriol']

entities_list: @entity11885 :: ('MESH:C538225', 'Disease') :: ['scalp psoriasis']

answer: @entity11885 :: (MESH:C538225,Disease) :: ['Scalp psoriasis']


abstract: Here we present the construction and characterization of a chimeric vaccine protein combining the glucan-binding domain ( @entity367 ) of the gtfB-encoded water-insoluble glucan-synthesizing glucosyltransferase enzyme (GTF-I) from @entity6586 and thioredoxin from @entity526 , which increases the solubility of coexpressed recombinant proteins and stimulates proliferation of @entity19 T cells. The protective potential of intranasal (i.n.) immunization with this chimeric immunogen was compared to that of the @entity367 polypeptide alone in a @entity19 @entity281 model. Both immunogens were able to induce statistically significant mucosal (salivary and vaginal) and serum responses (P < 0.01) which were sustained to the end of the study (experimental day 100). Following @entity281 with @entity6586 , sham-immunized @entity19 maintained high levels of this cariogenic organism ( approximately 60% of the total oral streptococci) for at least 5 weeks. In contrast, animals immunized with the thioredoxin- @entity367 chimeric protein (Thio- @entity367 ) showed significant reduction (>85%) in @entity6586 colonization after 3 weeks (P < 0.05). The animals immunized with @entity367 alone required 5 weeks to demonstrate significant reduction (>50%) of @entity6586 @entity281 (P < 0.05). Evaluation of dental @entity1547 activity at the end of the study showed that @entity19 immunized with either Thio- @entity367 or @entity367 had significantly fewer @entity1547 in the buccal enamel or dentinal surfaces than the sham-immunized animals (P < 0.01). The protective effects against @entity6586 colonization and @entity1547 activity following i.n. immunization with @entity367 or Thio- @entity367 are attributed to the induced salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti- @entity367 responses. Although in general Thio- @entity367 was not significantly better than @entity367 alone in stimulating salivary IgA responses and in protection against dental @entity1547 , the finding that the @entity367 polypeptide alone, in the absence of any immunoenhancing agents, is protective against disease offers a promising and safe strategy for the development of a vaccine against @entity1547 .

title: Protective immunity against @entity6586 @entity281 in @entity19 after intranasal immunization with the glucan-binding region of XXXX glucosyltransferase.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesions', 'caries']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['S. mutans']


abstract: 1. It has been reported that the first intron of the @entity3449 gene of the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) is shorter than that of the @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 , suggesting a role for this difference in the development of @entity101 . 2. The genealogy of some Australian SHR colonies has raised doubts about its similarity to the Japanese, American and European colonies. 3. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been used with primers identical to the flanking region of the first intron of the @entity3449 gene to determine its length in SHR, WKY and Sprague-Dawley (SD) from an Australian colony. 4. The size of the first intron of the @entity3449 gene in SHR, WKY and SD was found to be approximately 3870, 4550 and 5000 base pairs, respectively, results which agree with those previously published. 5. It was concluded that the first intron deletion, and its size, has been conserved in an Australian SHR colony.

title: Accurate determination of the size of the first intron deletion in the XXXX gene of SHR from an Australian colony.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase ( @entity13436 ) becomes transiently activated after treatment of serum-starved @entity19 @entity19 cells or @entity28544 thymocytes with a diversity of mitogens. Similarly, a meiosis-activated protein kinase (p44mpk) becomes stimulated during maturation of sea star oocytes induced by @entity20607 . Both @entity13436 and p44mpk have been identified as protein- @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases that are activated as a consequence of their phosphorylation. Because homologous protein kinases may play essential roles in both mitogenesis and oogenesis, we have compared in detail the biochemical properties of these two kinases. We find that these kinases are highly related based on their in vitro substrate specificities, sensitivity to inhibitors, and immunological cross-reactivity. However, they differ in apparent molecular weight and can be separated chromatographically, indicating that the two enzymes are distinct. Furthermore, in the course of this investigation, we have identified a 44-kDa protein kinase in mitogen-stimulated Swiss @entity19 3T3 cells and @entity28544 thymocytes that co-purifies with @entity13437 mpk and thus appears to be a closer homolog of the sea star enzyme. Analysis of these protein kinases clarifies the relationships between a set of @entity669 -phosphorylated 41-45-kDa proteins present in mitogen-stimulated cells (Martinez, R., Nakamura., K. D., and Weber, M. J. (1982) Mol. Cell. Biol. 2, 653-655; Cooper, J. A., and Hunter, T. (1984) Mol. Cell. Biol. 4, 30-37), two myelin basic protein kinases identified in epidermal growth factor-treated Swiss @entity19 3T3 cells (Ahn, N. G., Weiel, J. E., Chan, C. P., and Krebs, E. G. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 11487-11494), and @entity13436 . Our work points to the existence of a group of related @entity563 / @entity1889 protein kinases, regulated by @entity669 phosphorylation and functioning at different stages of the cell cycle.

title: Biochemical characterization of a family of @entity563 / @entity1889 protein kinases regulated by @entity669 and XXXX / @entity1889 phosphorylations.

entities_list: @entity20607 :: ('MESH:C008407', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyladenine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: We report here the large scale purification of DNA topoisomerase II from @entity291 thymus glands, using the unknotting of naturally knotted P4 phage DNA as an assay for enzymatic activity. Topoisomerase II was purified more than 1300-fold as compared to the whole cell homogenate, with 22% yield. Analysis of the purified enzyme by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis revealed two bands of apparent molecular masses of 125 and 140 kDa. Tryptic maps of the two bands indicated that they derive from the same protein. Using these fragments, specific polyclonal antisera to topoisomerase II were raised in @entity95 . Immunoblotting of whole cell lysates from various species indicated that topoisomerase II is well conserved among mammals and has a native subunit molecular mass of 180 kDa. Analytical sedimentation and gel filtration were used to determine a sedimentation coefficient of 9.8 S and a Stokes radius of 68 A. The calculated solution molecular mass of 277 kDa implies a dimer structure in solution. The purified topoisomerase II unknots P4 DNA in an @entity855 -dependent manner and is highly stimulated in its relaxation activity by @entity855 . A DNA-stimulated ATPase activity, as has been found with other type II topoisomerases, is associated with the purified enzyme. Approximate kinetic parameters for the ATPase reaction were determined to be: a Vmax of 0.06 nmol of @entity855 /(micrograms of protein) (min) and Km of 0.2 mM in the absence of DNA, and a Vmax of 0.2 nmol of @entity855 /(micrograms of protein) (min) and Km of 0.4 mM @entity855 in the presence of supercoiled plasmid DNA.

title: Purification and characterization of a type II DNA topoisomerase from @entity291 XXXX thymus.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of sentinel lymph node biopsy in @entity1 with @entity1544 , oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx by reviewing the published literature. A systematic literature review was performed using MEDLINE from 1970 to 2011. With Boolean search strings, search terms included sentinel node, supraglottic, supraglottis, tongue, head and neck, oral, pharynx, laryngeal, and larynx. Additional studies were identified through article references. Duplicate data and articles were excluded based on treating institution and study inclusion time period. Additional studies were excluded if the head and neck subsite or @entity5 stage was not specifically identified or if the sentinel lymph node biopsy occurred in previously treated necks. All @entity1 had sentinel lymph node biopsy performed followed by a concurrent neck dissection. Twenty-six studies met our inclusion criteria (n = 766 @entity1 ). The pooled sensitivity and negative predictive value of SLNB for all @entity135 was 95 % (95 % CI 91-99 %) and 96 % (95 %CI 94-99 %), respectively. The overall sensitivity and negative predictive value of SLNB in the subset of oral @entity5 (n = 631) was 94 % (95 % CI 89-98 %) and 96 % (95 % CI 93-99 %), respectively. One-hundred percent of oropharyngeal (n = 72), hypopharyngeal (n = 5), and laryngeal (n = 58) @entity5 sentinel lymph biopsy results correlated with subsequent neck dissections giving a negative predictive value of 100 %, showing that, sentinel lymph node biopsy is a valid diagnostic technique to correctly stage regional metastases in @entity1 with @entity213 .

title: Diagnostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cavity tumors']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Germ-line mutations in DNA mismatch-repair genes impart a markedly elevated @entity5 risk, often presenting as @entity4309 ( @entity14 ). However, there are no pathognomonic features of @entity14 , not all gene carriers have a family history of the disease, and families fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria are relatively uncommon. Genetic testing of probands with early-onset @entity14 , irrespective of family history, is one approach that would allow predictive genetic testing of at-risk relatives. We cloned and sequenced @entity4311 and @entity6756 introns, to optimize genomic sequencing. We then systematically analyzed the entire @entity4311 and @entity6756 genes, by genomic sequencing and in vitro synthesized-protein-truncation assay (IVSP), in 50 @entity14 @entity1 <30 years of age at diagnosis. To determine polymorphic variants, 26 anonymous donors also were sequenced. All subjects analyzed had at least 1 of 37 different polymorphic or pathogenic variants. IVSP complemented genomic sequencing, by detection of mutations not identified by genomic analysis. Fourteen @entity5 @entity1 (28%) had pathogenic mutations, and a number of other variants also may have had a pathogenic significance that remains to be elucidated. @entity5 was useful in targeting sequencing efforts for this cohort of young @entity1 : sensitivity was 86%, specificity 73%, and positive and negative predictive values 63% and 90%, respectively. These data indicate that an appreciable proportion of young @entity694 probands carry a germ-line mutation in a DNA mismatch-repair gene.

title: Systematic analysis of @entity4311 and XXXX in young @entity694 @entity1 and controls.

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor replication-error status', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['HNPCC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity6756 :: (4292,Gene) :: ['hMLH1']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the prevalence, severity, and hemodynamic features of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) in nonobese @entity6 . METHODS: We studied 100 consecutive nonobese (body mass index [BMI]  <  30) @entity1 with type 1 (n  =  17) or type 2 (n  =  83) @entity6 and no known causes of @entity409 . @entity1560 was diagnosed and graded with ultrasonography. Digital sonographic images of the liver and right kidney were analyzed with dedicated software (HDI-Lab), and the liver/kidney ratio of grey-scale intensity was calculated as an index of the severity of the @entity1560 . Severity scores ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (severe) were compared with sonographic and Doppler findings (right liver size, portal vein diameter and flow velocity, @entity99 indices, hepatic-vein flow profile and A- and S-wave velocities). RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1560 was 24% in type I and 80% in @entity2175 (grade 1 in 17%, grade 2 in 34%, grade 3 in 33%, grade 4 in 9%, grade 5 in 7%). In @entity1 with @entity1560 (especially those with grades 4-5 disease), hepatic volume was increased (p  <  0.005). Portal vein diameter was increased in grade 5 @entity1560 . The hepatic artery pulsatility index was significantly increased, particularly in grades 4 and 5 (p  <  0.0001); portal and A-wave velocities were significantly reduced in grades 3-5 (p  <  0.001); and the hepatic vein flow profile was altered in 27% (biphasic: 20%, flat: 7%) @entity1 with @entity1560 , although there was no correlation with severity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1561 is very frequent in nonobese @entity6 with type 2 but not type 1 disease, and it is associated with @entity382 and liver hemodynamic alterations only when it is severe.

title: @entity1561 ( XXXX ) in nonobese @entity1 with @entity6 : Prevalence and relationships with hemodynamic alterations detected with Doppler sonography().

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis', 'Steatosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic and splenic arterial pulsatility']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['NAFLD']


abstract: A phase II study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a double biochemical modulation of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) by @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity4181 (LV) in @entity1 with advanced unresectable @entity14 . Forty-two @entity1 with measurable metastases of @entity14 were treated with @entity1487 in daily doses of 600 mg/m2 given in a 6-hour intravenous (i.v.) infusion on days 1-5, LV 50 mg/m2 i.v. on days 2,3 and 5, and @entity1500 40 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 4, every 4 weeks. Twenty-eight @entity1 had a single metastatic site, eleven double, whereas three had more than two metastatic sites. Objective response (one complete response) was observed in 12 of 40 @entity1 (30%) (95% confidence interval 16-48), stable disease in 19 @entity1 (47%) and progression in 9 @entity1 (23%). Overall median survival was 12 months. Median time to progression was 6 months. Treatment was generally well tolerated. The most frequent adverse reactions were @entity3136 (38%), @entity390 and @entity391 (35%), @entity294 (31%), @entity1431 (18%), and plantar-palmar @entity5658 (15%). The combination of @entity1487 , LV and @entity1500 seems to be an active regimen in advanced @entity14 .

title: Double modulation of @entity1487 by @entity4181 and low-dose XXXX in advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['erythroderma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether changes in fetal heart rate variation during repeated umbilical cord occlusions reflect evolving cardiovascular compromise in near term fetal @entity742 . DESIGN: Fetal heart rate variation, fetal mean arterial pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG) and acid-base status were measured during one minute umbilical cord occlusions, repeated either every five minutes (1:5 group) or every 2.5 minutes (1:2.5 group) for four hours or until mean arterial pressure fell below 20 mmHg for two successive occlusions. SAMPLE: Fourteen chronically instrumented fetal @entity742 , mean gestation 126.3 (2.6) days. RESULTS: @entity432 caused variable decelerations with initial sustained @entity101 . In the 1:5 occlusion group mean arterial pressure remained elevated throughout, with little change in acid-base status (pH = 7.34 (0.07), base deficit = 1.3 (3.9) after 4 hours) and no significant change in fetal heart rate variation. In contrast, in the 1:2.5 group from the third occlusion there was progressive @entity551 during occlusions, severe progressive @entity209 (pH 6.92 (0.1), base deficit 17.0 mmol/L (4.7) after the last occlusion) and marked EEG suppression (P < 0.01). Fetal heart rate variation increased with the onset of occlusions (P < 0.05) and then progressively fell with continued occlusions. During the last 30 minutes of occlusions, fetal heart rate variation was severely suppressed in four, but increased in two fetuses, while all six fetuses developed overshoot-instability of fetal heart rate and mean arterial pressure following each occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: Acute progressive @entity1763 was typically associated with an immediate, transient increase in fetal heart rate variation. Subsequently variation became suppressed in only two-thirds of fetuses during terminal acidaemia and @entity551 . Fetal heart rate overshoot-instability may be a useful marker of fetal decompensation following variable decelerations.

title: Fetal heart rate variability changes during brief repeated umbilical cord occlusion in near term fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidaemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Cord occlusion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Recent evidence indicated that the @entity22210 ( @entity22211 ) risk allele A is associated with better cognitive performance in @entity1 with @entity161 . Moreover, it has been demonstrated that @entity22210 may also be related to relatively intact gray matter volume in @entity1 . To further explore these putatively protective effects, the impact of @entity22210 on cortical thickness and folding was examined in this study. To elucidate potential molecular mechanisms, an allelic-specific gene expression study was also carried out. Magnetic resonance imaging cortical thickness and folding were computed in 55 genotyped @entity1 with @entity161 and 40 healthy controls. Homozygous risk @entity74 ( @entity5066 ) were compared with AC/CC carriers. @entity22210 gene expression was analyzed in a prefrontal region using postmortem tissue from another cohort of 35 @entity1 . In @entity1 , @entity5066 carriers exhibited significantly thicker cortex in prefrontal and temporal regions and less disturbed superior temporal cortical folding, whereas the opposite effect was observed in controls, ie, @entity5066 carrier status was associated with thinner cortex and more severe altered cortical folding. Along with this, our expression analysis revealed that the risk allele is associated with lower prefrontal @entity22210 expression in @entity1 , whereas the opposite effect in controls has been observed by prior analyses. In conclusion, our analyses provide convergent support for the hypothesis that the @entity161 -associated @entity22210 variant mediates protective effects on cortex structure in @entity1 . In particular, the allele-specific expression profile in @entity1 might constitute a molecular mechanism for the observed protective influence of @entity22210 on cortical thickness and folding and potentially other intermediate phenotypes.

title: @entity22210 and cortical structure in XXXX : in vivo and postmortem studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allele carriers']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: To evaluate the safety of standardized extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The water extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was prepared and standardized, the dry powder yielded 6% gypenosides. In the acute @entity137 test, the single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract was given to female @entity35 . In @entity137 test, the oral dose of 1000 mg/kg/day of the extract was given to @entity35 in treatment and satellite groups for 90 days. Satellite groups of both sexes were kept for additional 28 days after 90-day treatment. Control @entity35 received distilled water. RESULTS: Standardized extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum did not cause @entity204 or any toxic signs in @entity35 . The daily administration of the extract for 90 days did not produce lethal or harmful effects. Although certain hematological and blood chemistry values (i.e., neutrophil, monocyte, @entity413 , and serum alkaline phosphatase levels) were found to be statistically different from the control group, however; these values were within the ranges of normal @entity35 . CONCLUSION: Standardized extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum did not produce mortality or any abnormality in @entity35 .

title: XXXX evaluation of standardized extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['oral toxicity', 'subchronic toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: The inoculum size effect in the dimorphic fungus @entity5132 results from production of an extracellular @entity3325 ( @entity3325 ). This molecule prevents mycelial development in both a growth morphology assay and a differentiation assay using three chemically distinct triggers for germ tube formation (GTF): @entity10653 , @entity3954 , and serum (either @entity1707 or fetal @entity291 ). In all cases, the presence of @entity3325 prevents the @entity375 -to-mycelium conversion, resulting in actively budding @entity375 without influencing cellular growth rates. @entity3325 exhibits general cross-reactivity within @entity5132 in that supernatants from strain A72 are active on five other strains of @entity5132 and vice versa. The @entity3325 excreted by @entity5132 is @entity37389 ( @entity49131 ; molecular weight, 222.37). @entity3325 is extracellular, and is produced continuously during growth and over a temperature range from 23 to 43 degrees C, in amounts roughly proportional to the CFU/milliliter. Production is not dependent on the type of @entity505 source nor @entity1568 source or on the chemical nature of the growth medium. Both commercial mixed isomer and @entity49132 exhibited @entity3325 activity (the ability to prevent GTF) at a level sufficient to account for all the @entity3325 activity present in @entity5132 supernatants, i.e., 50% GTF at ca. 30 to 35 microM. @entity28964 was ca. two times less active than @entity37389 . Neither @entity4661 (C(10)), @entity22967 (C(20)), nor @entity23160 had any @entity3325 activity.

title: Quorum sensing in the dimorphic fungus XXXX is mediated by @entity37389 .

entities_list: @entity3325 :: ('MESH:D020886', 'Disease') :: ['quorum-sensing molecule', 'QSM']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity23160 :: ('MESH:C004808', 'Chemical') :: ['farnesyl pyrophosphate']

entities_list: @entity28964 :: ('MESH:C037055', 'Chemical') :: ['Nerolidol']

entities_list: @entity4661 :: ('MESH:C007836', 'Chemical') :: ['geraniol']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity22967 :: ('MESH:C017338', 'Chemical') :: ['geranylgeraniol']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: @entity1566 after operations on the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta remains a persistent clinical problem. Previous attempts to decrease the risk of this devastating complication by lowering the rate of metabolism of the spinal cord have met with varying success. We hypothesized that the tolerance of the spinal cord to an @entity63 insult could be improved by means of @entity859 . Twenty New Zealand white @entity95 underwent 40 minutes of isolated infrarenal @entity432 after heparin anticoagulation. Clamps were placed both below the left renal vein and above the aortic bifurcation. In 10 @entity95 (group A), a bolus of @entity859 (100 mg) was infused into the isolated aortic segment immediately after crossclamping and this bolus was followed by a flush of hypothermic saline (8 degrees C, 30 ml/kg) over the first 10 minutes of @entity63 . In one control group of five animals (group B), the descending infrarenal aorta was crossclamped without infusion of @entity859 or saline. In another control group of five animals (group C), the aortic segment was flushed with normothermic saline (37 degrees C) in a fashion identical to that of the study group. The aortic clamps were removed after 40 minutes, the abdomen was closed, and the animals were allowed to recover from anesthesia. Spinal cord function was assessed 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after operation by the Tarlov scale. All animals were put to death at 96 hours after operation and spinal cords were harvested for histologic analysis. The spinal cord function of all group A animals was fully intact with Tarlov scores of 5; group B and group C animals were all paraplegic with Tarlov scores of 0 (p < 0.001, general linear models analysis of variance). Histologic examination of spinal cords from group A @entity95 revealed no evidence of @entity1566 , whereas spinal cords from groups B and C had evidence of extensive @entity1566 with central gray necrosis, @entity4 , dissolution of Nissl substance, and astrocyte and macrophage infiltration. Regional infusion of the crossclamped infrarenal @entity95 aorta with hypothermic saline and @entity859 completely prevented @entity451 in our model despite a 40-minute @entity63 insult.

title: Complete prevention of postischemic @entity1566 by means of regional infusion with hypothermic saline and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['axonal swelling']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['cord injury', 'Spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: It is well-established that fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) participate in mesoderm formation and patterning in the developing embryo. To identify cells in @entity1 embryos that produce and/or respond to FGFs, we utilized the F9 @entity14641 cell system. Undifferentiated F9 cells resemble inner cell mass (ICM) cells of the @entity19 blastocyst by several criteria including having a characteristic high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and by their expression of stage-specific embryonic antigens. F9 stem cells differ from ICM cells by their low spontaneous rate of differentiation and their differentiation potential. ICM cells are heterogeneous with a proportion of the cells maintaining totipotency. In contrast, F9 stem cells appear capable of forming only endodermal derivatives. @entity1968 (RA) treatment of F9 stem cells is required for them to differentiate, and under different culturing conditions the F9 cells will form either extraembryonic parietal or visceral endoderm. We have previously shown that FGF is synthesized by F9 parietal endoderm, but not by F9 stem cells. Our present study demonstrates that F9 aggregate cultures that contain visceral endoderm cells produce cell-associated-heparin-binding mitogens for 3T3 and endothelial cells, factors with characteristics of FGFs. Furthermore, our studies detect endothelial cell-mitogens within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of F9 parietal endoderm cells, not detected within F9 stem cell 'matrices'. Parietal endoderm cell matrix mitogens could be removed by prior treatment of the ECM with buffers containing heparin or 2 M @entity1219 , and could be neutralized by basic FGF antibodies.

title: The location and expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in F9 visceral and parietal embryonic cells after XXXX -induced differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this double-blind, randomized study, the efficacy of @entity1340 , an atypical opioid, was tested versus @entity3303 in excision of cutaneous lesions of the face. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either 2 mg/kg @entity1340 2% plus adrenaline 1:200,000 (group T, n = 46) or 3 mg/kg @entity3303 2% plus adrenaline 1:200,000 (group L, n = 42) for excision of cutaneous lesions. @entity158 at the injection site, 2 and 20 minutes postinjection and 3, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively, was monitored on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale (NRS). Irritation at the injection point and the duration of @entity86 were also recorded. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in demographic data, topography, size of the lesions removed, and operative time between the two groups. A tendency toward lower injection NRS @entity158 scores was observed in group L compared to group T (p = .064). No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found at 2 and 20 minutes postinjection (p = .741 and p = .142, respectively); however, @entity158 scores were significantly higher in group L at 3, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively (all p < .001). Erythema at the injection site was observed in nine group T and two group L @entity1 (p = .076). No postoperative analgesics were required in the @entity1340 group of @entity1 , whereas @entity1443 with or without @entity10425 was administered in all but five @entity3303 group @entity1 during the first 12 hours. CONCLUSION: @entity1340 may be used as a reliable local anesthetic agent, providing longer @entity86 compared to @entity3303 ; however, it bears a higher incidence of @entity146 at the injection site.

title: Local infiltrative anesthetic effect of XXXX compared to @entity3303 for excision of cutaneous lesions: pilot randomized, double-blind clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol', 'Tramadol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['tramadol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to measure the strength of association between 2 indices of @entity28 , waist-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI), with @entity1002 and mortality in a community cohort. The distribution of body fat is thought to affect @entity65 risk. The association of BMI (an index of @entity28 ) and WHR (an index of @entity1144 ) with LV systolic and @entity67 in a population-based cohort is unknown. METHODS: Anthropomorphic measurements and echocardiographic LV function were measured in a cross-sectional population-based sample of 2,042 @entity1 and @entity1 >45 years old in the Olmsted County Heart Function Study. Five-year prospective mortality was measured. RESULTS: Increased WHR had a stronger association than BMI with (1) lower LV ejection fraction (r=-0.24, P<.0001 vs r=-0.04, P=.09) and (2) LV @entity67 (r=0.18, P<.0001 vs r=0.05, P=.02). After adjustment for standard cardiovascular risk factors, WHR continued to be significantly associated with @entity67 but not with @entity299 . Waist-hip ratio, but not BMI, was strongly predictive of all-cause mortality independent of age and sex (hazard ratio 23.6, CI 4.0-139.8, P=.0005). This relationship was attenuated on adjustment for @entity67 . CONCLUSIONS: Waist-hip ratio is a stronger correlate of @entity1002 and mortality than BMI. These cross-sectional data suggest that the increased risk of mortality from @entity1144 is mediated at least in part by @entity1002 , especially @entity67 .

title: Central @entity28 : association with XXXX and mortality in the community.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['overall obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: The present study aims to accurately localize epileptogenic regions which are responsible for @entity302 activities in @entity302 @entity1 by means of a new subspace source localization approach, i.e. @entity4002 ( @entity4002 ), using scalp EEG recordings. Computer simulations were first performed to assess source localization accuracy of @entity4002 in the clinical electrode set-up. The source localization results from @entity4002 were compared with the results from a classic subspace source localization approach, i.e. MUSIC, and their differences were tested statistically using the paired t-test. Other factors influencing the source localization accuracy were assessed statistically by ANOVA. The interictal epileptiform spike data from three adult @entity302 @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 and well-defined symptomatic @entity75 were then studied using both @entity4002 and MUSIC. The comparison between the electrical sources estimated by the subspace source localization approaches and @entity75 was made through the coregistration between the EEG recordings and MRI scans. The accuracy of estimations made by @entity4002 and MUSIC was also evaluated and compared by R(2) statistic, which was used to indicate the goodness-of-fit of the estimated sources to the scalp EEG recordings. The three-concentric-spheres head volume conductor model was built for each @entity1 with three spheres of different radii which takes the individual head size and skull thickness into consideration. The results from computer simulations indicate that the improvement of source spatial resolvability and localization accuracy of @entity4002 as compared with MUSIC is significant when simulated sources are closely spaced, deep, or signal-to-noise ratio is low in a clinical electrode set-up. The interictal electrical generators estimated by @entity4002 and MUSIC are in concordance with the @entity1 ' structural abnormality, i.e. @entity75 , in all three @entity1 . The higher R(2) values achieved by @entity4002 than MUSIC indicate that @entity4002 provides a more satisfactory fitting of the scalp potential measurements than MUSIC in all @entity1 . The present results suggest that @entity4002 provides a useful brain source imaging technique, from clinical EEG recordings, for identifying and localizing epileptogenic regions in @entity302 @entity1 with focal partial @entity410 . The present study may lead to the establishment of a high-resolution source localization technique from scalp-recorded EEGs for aiding presurgical planning in @entity302 @entity1 .

title: 3D source localization of interictal spikes in XXXX @entity1 with @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['FINE', 'first principle vectors']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['MRI lesions']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: As dissatisfaction with unrestricted smoking in institutional settings has grown, a number of @entity146 facilities have banned smoking. A compromise, restricted smoking, was recently introduced on an inpatient @entity146 unit at a University of Michigan Hospital. The subsequent rescission of the restricted smoking policy enabled us to compare the effects of restricted smoking vs. ad @entity45177 smoking on motivation to quit smoking. METHOD: Current smokers admitted to an inpatient psychiatry unit were asked to participate in this study. As soon as possible after intake, the @entity1 completed a smoking history questionnaire, @entity308 and @entity148 scales, and a stage of change measure. The stage of change measure was readministered upon discharge from the unit. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed an interaction for Condition (Restricted vs. Ad @entity45177 ) by Time (Admission vs. Discharge) for the Action scale, which assesses current level of activity in smoking cessation efforts. Restricted smokers decreased while ad @entity45177 smokers increased in motivation over time. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the restricted smoking policy does not have beneficial motivational effects. Alternative strategies for controlling smoking on an inpatient @entity146 unit are suggested.

title: The effect of a restricted smoking policy on motivation to quit smoking in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']