abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity231 , the outcomes of @entity231 surgery, @entity231 surgical coverage rate, @entity231 social burden rate in Ji'an county of Jiangxi province, China. METHODS: Cluster sampling was used in randomly selected 5010 individuals aged >=  50 years in Ji'an county of Jiangxi province. All individuals were received visual acuity and eye examination, including the evaluation of lens status and @entity231 surgical status by slit lamp biomicroscopy. Data bank was established by Epi-info Software. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata/SE Statistical Software, release 9.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX). Confidence intervals and P values (considered significance at the P < 0.05 level) for prevalence of @entity231 , @entity231 surgical coverage rate, @entity231 social burden rate and outcomes of surgery were calculated with adjustment for clustering effects and stratification associated with the sampling design. RESULTS: In 5010 individuals, 1158 cases of @entity231 were found, the prevalence of @entity231 was 23.11% among adults aged 50 or above. The prevalence of @entity231 was higher in the aged, female (P < 0.01). In 99 eyes with @entity231 surgery, 50.51% and 5.05% of eyes were performed by the modern extra-capsular surgery and phacoemulsification respectively. The rate of intraocular lens implantation was 55.56%. Post-operative presenting and best corrected visual acuity equal to or more than 0.7 was 10.1% and 45.5% of operated eyes respectively. The main causes of the post-operated eyes with worse visual acuity were post-capsular opacity and @entity2516 . The @entity231 surgical coverage rate was 32.29%, and the @entity231 social burden rate was 3.83%. The @entity231 surgical rate was lower and @entity231 social burden rate was higher in the aged @entity1 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity231 is the most common @entity2194 that may lead into @entity1939 and severe @entity227 among older adults aged equal or more than 50 years. The @entity231 surgical coverage rate is not high but the @entity231 social burden rate is heavy in Ji'an county. The rate of intraocular lens implantation need increase and the visual outcomes of the surgery should be further improved in the future.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX and low vision among adults aged 50 years or above in Ji'an county of Jiangxi province: the China nine-province survey].

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract blindness', 'Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['blindness']


abstract: The treatment of @entity1071 has changed dramatically during the last decades. The improved therapeutic results for this disease group are included among the most important achievements of modern oncohaematology. They are due to better disease staging, use of new markers for risk assessment, @entity1 stratification in separate risk groups, implementation of highly effective @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ), progress of targeted therapies using monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, modern @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) and supportive care. The achieved progress, especially in the treatment of @entity978 ( @entity978 ), is an example of the fundamental dependence of clinical practice on the scientific achievements, mainly in the field of diagnostics and in the two pure anticancer therapeutic modalities: chemo- and radiotherapy. The aim of this article was to discuss the basic variants of @entity1161 in the multimodal treatment of @entity978 and the clinical experience accumulated during the last decades. The experience gained in the area of involved field @entity1161 (IFRT) and extended field @entity1161 (EFRT), both alone or as a part of the combined-therapy protocols, is considered in detail. The role of @entity1161 is also discussed as a part of the dose-escalated @entity7730 combined programmes for @entity1 recurring, progressing or partially responding to treatment, carried out mainly as IFRT, @entity706 ( @entity348 ). Regardless of the already attained achievements of the combined treatment at the present stage of development of oncological knowledge, there is still no consensus with respect to the optimal therapy of @entity978 in @entity1 and in adult @entity1 . New trials addressing issues of the @entity3987 , best @entity1161 technique, optimal dose of @entity1161 , optimal number of cycles and timing of @entity7730 are still needed. The contemporary challenge is to optimize treatment so that it can be accomplished with the least @entity137 , lowest cost, and greatest efficiency possible.

title: Radiation therapy in XXXX - decades of steady progress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) or total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CHT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['best modality']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Linear polarized near-infrared light created with linear polarized near-infrared light therapy equipment (Super Lizer HA-550, Tokyo Iken Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) has been used for the treatment of various @entity2531 in Japan. Irradiation near the stellate ganglion with a Super Lizer (ISGL) is an especially notable therapeutic method used with stellate @entity616 (SGB) or substitutes for SGB. ISGL is a safe, simple, well-tolerated, and effective treatment. We examined the effects of irradiation with a Super Lizer applied to an area near the lumbar sympathetic ganglia on the ligated side in a @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) model, which is believed to be an animal model of @entity158 ( @entity158 ). @entity35 showing thermal @entity1931 in a radiant heat test 1 wk postoperatively were used in Experiments 1 and 2: (1) Thermal @entity1931 of irradiation group (n = 11) was less than that of the control or nonirradiation (n = 11) group at 1, 3, and 8 h after irradiation; however, the effect disappeared 12 h after irradiation. (2) Daily irradiation (n = 16) and 1 wk (n = 14) from 7 days after nerve ligation significantly shortened the interval from thermal @entity1931 until recovery. @entity35 showing mechanical @entity1931 in the von Frey hair test 1 wk postoperatively were used in Experiment 3: 1 wk irradiation beginning 7 days after nerve ligation (n = 9) did not promote the recovery from mechanical @entity1931 . We speculate that repeated ISGL may be more effective than a single ISGL in alleviating @entity158 in @entity158 @entity1 . We cannot explain the discrepancy between the results obtained in Experiments 2 and 3. We believe the results of this study are relevant to the effect of ISGL for @entity1 with upper-limb @entity158 : irradiation near the lumbar sympathetic ganglia of the @entity35 is effective for thermal but not mechanical @entity158 in @entity8638 .

title: Antinociceptive effect of linear polarized 0.6 to 1.6 microm irradiation of lumbar sympathetic ganglia in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['CRPS', 'pain', 'complex regional pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion block']

answer: @entity8638 :: (MESH:D020208,Disease) :: ['chronic constriction injury']


abstract: AIM: To study and compare cytogenetic abnormalities in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) @entity2280 + @entity1583 progenitor cells and in the BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Subjects and methods. The results of a cytogenetic analysis of the total population of BM cells (BMC), @entity2280 + @entity1583 progenitor cells from BM and PB, and BM MSCs were analyzed in 35 @entity1 (29 @entity1 with @entity2590 and 6 with @entity2590 transformed into @entity3052 ( @entity3052 )) and 7 healthy BM donors. Cytogenetic examinations were performed by G-banding of chromosomes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS: The BMC karyotype was abnormal in 17 (49%) of the 35 @entity1 (13 with @entity2590 and 4 with @entity3052 ); the others were found to have a normal BM karyotype. The FISH analysis confirmed the same cytogenetic abnormalities in the BM and PB @entity2280 + @entity1583 progenitor cells in all the examinees with an abnormal karyotype. The mean abnormal clone sizes in the total population of BMCs and BM and PB @entity2280 + progenitor cells did not differ and constituted 65.8, 73.1, and 74.8%, respectively. The @entity1 with a normal BM karyotype had no chromosome abnormalities in the @entity2280 + cells either. The karyotype of MSCs was analyzed in 23 (19 with @entity2590 and 4 with @entity3052 ) of the 35 @entity1 . No karyotype abnormalities were revealed in the @entity1 with @entity2590 transformed into @entity3052 . There were structural chromosome aberrations in 2 (11%) of the 19 @entity1 with @entity2590 (one with constitutional inv(9)(p1 3q21) was found to have non-clonal translocation t(2;22)(p10;q1 1) and the other had a clone with an additional segment of the long arm of chromosome 2 in 35% of the cells. No numerical MSC karyotype abnormalities were detected. A normal MSC karyotype was defined in 7 healthy BM donors. CONCLUSION: The cytogenetic analysis of @entity1583 and mesenchymal progenitor cells showed that the chromosome abnormalities revealed in these cell populations were different in the @entity1 with @entity2590 . The isolated @entity2280 + cells displayed the same cytogenetic abnormalities as in a total population of BMC. Examination of the latter could reveal no cytogenetic abnormalities in the majority of the @entity1 . A normal BMC karyotype was detectable in the @entity1 with @entity3052 . Two (11%) @entity1 with @entity2590 were found to have @entity2526 that differed from those detected in the total population of BMC and in isolated @entity2280 + cells. The differences of chromosome abnormalities in the @entity1583 and mesenchymal progenitor cells point to the fact that the stromal microenvironment is not part of the abnormal clone in @entity2590 , however, it may be of great importance in the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: [Cytogenetic characteristics of @entity1583 and stromal progenitor cells in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2263 -Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms occurring at @entity535 positions 16 ( @entity369 / @entity2228 ) and 27 ( @entity1160 / @entity367 ) are known to be functionally relevant. Associations with several @entity565 -related phenotypes, such as total serum IgE, have been investigated with different results. OBJECTIVE: To determine the contribution of polymorphisms and haplotypes of @entity2263 -adrenergic receptor with serum IgE levels in @entity1 from Argentina with mild, moderate, and severe @entity565 . METHODS: @entity2263 -Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms were analyzed in 124 white asthmatic @entity1 using polymerase chain reaction during a 3-year period (January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2007). Total serum IgE level was measured by standard methods in all study @entity1 , and age-adjusted values were determined for each individual. RESULTS: Serum levels of IgE were 4.3-fold higher than age-adjusted normal values in the study population. No association was found in regard to @entity565 severity. A significant difference of IgE serum levels was observed among polymorphisms at position 16, with the highest IgE level in the @entity369 / @entity369 group (P = .04). At position 27, even though median levels of IgE in homozygous @entity1160 were 2.2 times higher than homozygous @entity367 , this increase did not reach statistical significance. When the population was stratified according to the most common homozygous haplotypes ( @entity369 - @entity369 16/ @entity1160 - @entity1160 27, @entity2228 - @entity2228 16/ @entity1160 - @entity1160 27, and @entity2228 - @entity2228 16/ @entity367 - @entity367 27), no association was found in relation to the serum levels of IgE. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2263 -Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms, especially homozygous @entity369 16, were associated with higher serum IgE levels in @entity1 with @entity565 . These genetic variants appear to contribute to the IgE level in asthmatic @entity1 from Argentina.

title: @entity2263 -adrenergic polymorphisms and total serum IgE levels in XXXX with @entity565 from Argentina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIMS: Nomograms based on Valentini-Besson-Nelson (VBN) model implying only 3 measurements (filling bladder volume, maximum flow-rate [Qmax] and detrusor pressure at Qmax) were recently developed to evaluate detrusor contractility (k) and @entity11044 (U) in @entity1 . As their algebraic fitting leads to fast evaluations (Excel(  ) software), our aims were applications to populations of non-neurologic @entity1 without and with @entity1876 ( @entity1876 ). METHODS: The software was applied to measurements obtained during pressure flow studies. Hidden hypothesis of nomograms were no significant contribution of abdominal pressure between onset of flow and Qmax and standard nervous excitations until Qmax. Studied populations were 202 @entity1 without symptom suggestive of obstruction and 125 @entity1 with proven anatomical @entity11044 who underwent urodynamic study. RESULTS: For non-obstructed @entity1 , a good agreement was found between the values of k and U obtained using nomograms or a complete VBN analysis of the recorded curves. Whatever the obstructive status, there was a good correlation between the value of k and U. Evolution with ageing was similar with higher values of k and U in the @entity1876 group. Curves k(age) and U(age) gave coefficients allowing an age adjustment. The high k value in the detrusor overactive (DO) group was consistent with a similar effect to that of @entity1876 on the detrusor. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of detrusor contractility (k) and @entity11044 (U) can be obtained from the point of Qmax during pressure-flow study. Evolution with ageing is similar with (higher values) or without @entity1876 . DO also induces an increased detrusor contractility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Usefulness of an algebraic fitting of nomograms allowing evaluation detrusor contractility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['BOO', 'bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of occult cervical @entity1600 among @entity1 with clinically N0 @entity189 . METHODS: One hundred nineteen @entity1 underwent primary surgery and ipsilateral neck dissection for clinically N0 @entity189 of the major and minor salivary glands. Eighty @entity1 (67%) had @entity5 . Distribution of T classification was: T1 (18%), T2 (28%), T3 (23%), and T4 (32%). RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (21%) had @entity66 . The incidence was highest among @entity1 with @entity420 (35%) and high-grade @entity3975 (35%). The most common site of cervical @entity1600 was level II (71%), followed by level III (15%), and level IB (8%). On multivariate analysis, histological subtype was independently predictive of occult pathological @entity1600 (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The likelihood of occult cervical @entity1600 for @entity1 with @entity189 is driven predominantly by histological subtype. Implications for elective neck irradiation are discussed.

title: Patterns of nodal involvement for clinically N0 XXXX : refining the role of elective neck irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pathological cervical disease']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['parotid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'salivary gland carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['salivary gland carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare attitudes toward medication and associated factors for @entity1 with @entity161 in Japan and China. METHODS: Age-group matched samples were drawn from outpatients in Tokyo (N = 76) and Beijing (N = 76) according to the same inclusion/exclusion criteria. Psychotropic prescription and attitudes toward medication were measured using Drug Attitude Inventory-30 (DAI-30) and an original questionnaire regarding beliefs about @entity146 medication. Stepwise regression analysis of the DAI-30 data was performed for each group. RESULTS: Japanese subjects were prescribed significantly larger amounts of antipsychotics. Polypharmacy of antipsychotics and concurrent use of anticholinergics, anxiolytics, or hypnotics were more frequently found among subjects in Tokyo than among those in Beijing. However, subjects in Tokyo and Beijing had similar subjective responses to medication, subjective evaluation of side-effects, and complaints about overuse of psychotropics. Subjects in Tokyo complained less about physician's over-reliance on medication and were less concerned about medication cost than those in Beijing. In Tokyo, longer duration of @entity221 and lower subjective distress caused by side effects predicted a more positive subjective response, while female gender, younger age, and lower Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score were independently correlated with a better subjective response in Beijing. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective acceptance of multiple medications is greater for @entity1 in Japan than those in China. Determinants of subjective response to medication varied between Japan and China.

title: Attitudes toward taking medication among outpatients with XXXX : cross-national comparison between Tokyo and Beijing.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is a common @entity5 in @entity1 long known to be caused by @entity286 and @entity167 use, but now an increasing percentage of @entity213 is recognized to be caused by the same @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPV) that cause cervical and other @entity5 . HPV-positive HNSCCs differ remarkably from HPV-negative HNSCCs in their clinical response and molecular properties. From studies in @entity19 , we know that E7 is the dominant HPV oncoprotein in @entity135 . E7 is best known for its ability to inactivate @entity13887 , the product of the @entity995 susceptibility gene. However, loss of @entity13887 function does not fully account for potency of E7 in causing @entity135 . In this study, we characterized the @entity5 susceptibility of @entity19 deficient in the expression of @entity13887 and either of two related "pocket" proteins, @entity12405 and @entity12406 , that are also inactivated by E7. @entity13887 / @entity12405 -deficient @entity19 developed @entity135 as frequently as do @entity1799 E7 @entity19 . The head and neck epithelia of the @entity13887 / @entity12405 -deficient @entity19 also displayed the same acute phenotypes and biomarker readouts as observed in the epithelia of E7 @entity19 . @entity19 deficient for @entity13887 and @entity12406 in their head and neck epithelia showed intermediate acute and @entity5 phenotypes. We conclude that @entity13887 and @entity12405 act together to efficiently suppress @entity135 and are, therefore, highly relevant targets of @entity1799 E7 in its contribution to HPV-positive @entity213 .

title: Pocket proteins suppress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'anogenital cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma tumor']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Moderate to severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) can result in development of @entity508 , which adversely affects function and quality of life. Given the foundation of optimal clinical practice is use of the best available evidence, we aimed to identify, describe, and evaluate methodological quality of evidence-based @entity508 clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). METHODS: A comprehensive search for CPGs encompassed electronic databases and online sources. Eligible CPGs were evaluated using the validated Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument. RESULTS: Five CPGs were eligible for review; 2 were specific to acquired @entity1545 and 1 to @entity131 . The 3 @entity1545 -specific CPGs contained 423 recommendations overall, but only 8 @entity508 recommendations. On the basis of AGREE appraisals, all CPGs performed well in the areas of reporting scope and purpose; clearly presenting recommendations; including various stakeholders in the CPG development process; and reporting conflict of interest. However, only one CPG performed adequately on describing facilitators and barriers to implementation, advice, and tools on how to implement recommendations and provision of audit criteria. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for agreement between raters showed high agreement (ICC > 0.80) for most guidelines. CONCLUSION: Given the unique etiological features and treatment challenges associated with managing @entity508 after @entity131 , more @entity131 -specific @entity508 CPGs are required. These should incorporate information on the facilitators and barriers to implementation, advice on implementing recommendations, and audit criteria.

title: Management of Spasticity in Moderate and Severe XXXX : Evaluation of Clinical Practice Guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'TBI']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: Catheters are implanted into the peritoneal cavity during the process of peritoneal dialysis. Though these catheters may be effective and beneficial, the impact of catheters on the immune system is poorly understood. Catheters and other devices implanted in the peritoneal cavity elicit a foreign body reaction. However, the immunological consequences of this remain uncharacterized. To model this, catheters were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of healthy @entity19 . Catheter implantation induced rapid cellular changes within the peritoneal cavity. Whereas B-cells and T-cells were reduced, catheter implantation was associated with the rapid expansion of F4/80-low-positive, @entity3804 -positive macrophages that elaborated @entity1618 , and suppressed T-cell division and @entity630 skewing in co-culture assays. Peritoneal catheter elicited macrophages had increased @entity8592 but reduced NF-kB activation, and their emergence was @entity5001 -dependent. Collectively, these studies indicate that foreign body implantation into the peritoneal cavity is associated with the expansion of suppressor macrophages. Whether peritoneal cavity catheter implantation may have systemic immunoregulatory roles remains to be explored.

title: Peritoneal catheter implantation elicits @entity1618 -producing immune-suppressor macrophages through a XXXX -dependent pathway.

answer: @entity5001 :: (17874(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MyD88']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Structural changes of small resistance arteries occur early in the disease process of essential @entity101 and predict @entity65 in previously untreated @entity1 . We investigated whether on-treatment small artery structure also identifies @entity1 at elevated risk despite normalization of blood pressure (BP). METHODS: We conducted a long-term follow-up survey of @entity65 in 134 moderate-risk @entity1 with 9-12 months of well treated essential @entity101 . All @entity1 underwent subcutaneous biopsies with determination of small artery structure in terms of media to lumen ratio (M : L) before and during treatment. RESULTS: After 9-12 months of treatment @entity13519 was lowered from 164    15 to 134    14 mmHg (P < 0.01) and M : L reduced from 0.084    0.028 to 0.075    0.024 (P < 0.01). Mean follow-up hereafter was 15 years representing a total of 2035 years for the entire cohort. During this period 47 @entity1 suffered a predefined cardiovascular event. For @entity1 with on-treatment M : L above the mean value of the cohort (>= 0.075), the hazard ratio was 2.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-3.84, P = 0.01] and also those with M : L above mean +2SD of a normotensive population (>= 0.098) had an elevated risk (hazard ratio 2.99, 95% CI 1.60-5.58, P < 0.01). Both results were adjusted for heart score (a 10-year mortality risk estimate integrating age, sex, smoking status, @entity165 level and @entity13519 ). Analysis of changes in M : L during treatment showed significantly higher event rates among @entity1 with increased M : L and vice versa (hazard ratio 1.36 per 25% change, 95% CI 1.07-1.73, P = 0.013). CONCLUSION: On-treatment small artery structure identifies individuals still at increased cardiovascular risk despite long-term BP normalization and may be an additional target for therapy to prevent @entity65 .

title: Small artery structure during antihypertensive therapy is an independent predictor of @entity65 in essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A wide spectrum of @entity1283 has been observed in @entity101 @entity1 . In this study, the responses of hemodynamics and sympathetic drives to exercise among @entity101 @entity1 with various types of @entity4346 were investigated. Twenty-five @entity1 with untreated essential @entity101 (WHO I and II) were classified as those with and without asymmetric @entity1184 (with @entity3798 , n = 7; without @entity3798 , n = 18) by their echocardiographic patterns. Ten normotensives served as controls. Exercise was performed on a braked bicycle ergometer; the initial work load was 50 watt. The work load increased progressively by 25 watt at three minute-intervals to the target heart rate, exhaustion, or positive ST.T changes. Blood pressure, heart rate, plasma @entity1063 and hemodynamic parameters by echocardiography were estimated at rest and during exercise. Systolic blood pressure and increased heart rate by exercise in all groups. In @entity1 with @entity3798 , a rapid increase was observed, and the @entity101 at submaximum exercise was significantly greater than those in normotensives or @entity1 without @entity3798 (p less than 0.05). During exercise, endsystolic dimension decreased in normotensives and in @entity1 without @entity3798 (p less than 0.01), but the change was not significant in @entity1 with @entity3798 . Percent fractional shortening and percent systolic wall thickening of the interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall increased significantly in normotensives and in @entity1 without @entity3798 (p less than 0.05), but they were unaltered in @entity1 with @entity3798 . Although plasma @entity1063 significantly increased in all groups by exercise, the increase in @entity1 with @entity14087 was greater than those in the other groups (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that hyperresponsiveness of systolic blood pressure and heart rate to exercise may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity3798 , and that this type of @entity1184 could be associated with @entity3002 .

title: [The pattern of @entity4346 in XXXX and its relation to the hemodynamic and sympathetic responses to exercise].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increase in systolic blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the sympathetic nervous system']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: During the past decade, endovascular stent graft repair (EVSG) of @entity1028 has emerged as a less invasive and less morbid alternative to open surgical repair. We hypothesize that EVSG may become the treatment method of choice among @entity1 older than 80 years. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Major academic medical center with extensive experience in endovascular and open @entity449 surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: During a 5-year period, EVSG was performed in 595 @entity1 at our institution. One hundred fifty (25.2%) of these @entity1 were older than 80 years. Our prospectively acquired database was reviewed with respect to the demographic, intraoperative, and outcome data of this elderly population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Technical and clinical success, @entity439 -related events ( @entity439 -related @entity204 , type I or @entity1070 , @entity439 expansion, or @entity1756 ), and secondary interventions. RESULTS: There were 119 @entity1 (79.3%) and 31 @entity1 (20.7%) (mean age, 84.6 years). Mean @entity439 diameter was 6.7 cm. Comorbidities including @entity1030 , @entity453 , chronic @entity177 , @entity1095 , @entity101 , and @entity1007 were common in these @entity1 , with an average of 2.9 comorbid conditions per @entity1 . Mean follow-up was 16.9 months (range, 1.0-61.4 months). One hundred forty-six @entity1 (97.3%) received only regional anesthesia, and the average intraoperative @entity190 was 369 mL. Average hospital and intensive care unit stays were 2.5 days and 0.1 day, respectively. The procedure was performed emergently in 3 @entity1 , and each recovered uneventfully. There were 5 aborted procedures (3.3%) for technical reasons and 4 conversions to open aortic repair (2.6%). In addition to these aborted procedures, there were 2 additional technical failures resulting in a technical success rate of 95.3%. Endoleaks were common and included 9 type I (6.90%), 35 type II (24.10%), and 1 type III (0.69%). The majority either resolved spontaneously (type IIs) or with minimally invasive secondary intervention, which was performed in 13 @entity1 . Perioperative @entity455 occurred in 16 (10.7%) and 8 (5.3%) @entity1 , respectively. There were 5 perioperative @entity204 (3.3%)(<30 days postoperatively). Forty late @entity204 (26.7%)(>30 days postoperatively) occurred, which were unrelated to the EVSG procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of @entity1028 can be performed safely and successfully in the majority of octogenarians with relatively low complication rates. Improved EVSG devices and operator experience may make this procedure the treatment method of choice for @entity1 in this age group who meet specific anatomical criteria.

title: Endovascular XXXX repair in the octogenarian: is it worthwhile?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['local/vascular and systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type III endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combined therapy of bevacizumab ( @entity1493 ) with @entity3907 ( @entity1311 or @entity1205 ) has shown an improvement on progression-free survival (PFS) and objective remission in @entity1722 -negative @entity1 with locally recurrent or metastatic @entity0 (LR/MBC). However, there was no benefit in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding an agent to the @entity1493 / @entity3907 regimens for the treatment of @entity1722 -negative @entity1 with LR/MBC in a first-line setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library databases for eligible trials. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.0 freeware package. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for PFS and @entity1349 . The odds ratio (OR) was used to calculate objective response rate (ORR) and grade 3/4 drug-related adverse events. The heterogeneity of study outcomes was calculated by the    (2) test or I (2) statistics. RESULTS: A total of 1,124 @entity1 from seven randomized controlled trials were analyzed. Our meta-analysis showed that the ORR was significantly improved in the @entity1493 / @entity3907 -based triplet group when compared with the @entity1493 / @entity3907 -based doublet group (OR =1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.67, P=0.03). A subset analysis showed that a similar result was achieved in the triplet group in which a cytotoxic agent was added (OR =1.46, 95% CI: 1.09-1.95, P=0.01). However, the PFS and @entity1349 had no statistically significant differences between the two groups (HR =0.87, 95% CI: 0.68-1.13, P=0.31; HR =0.98, 95% CI: 0.82-1.16, P=0.78, respectively). Regarding safety, @entity1031 events, @entity1295 , and @entity294 (all  grade 3) were more frequently observed in the @entity1493 / @entity3907 -based triplet group (OR =3.8, 95% CI: 1.86-7.79, P=0.0003; OR =1.55, 95% CI: 1.05-2.27, P=0.03; OR =2.1, 95% CI: 1.29-3.41, P=0.003, respectively). Other toxic effects had no statistically significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that adding an agent to @entity1493 / @entity3907 treatment regimens did not significantly improve PFS and prolong @entity1349 , except for conferring a significant advantage toward improved ORR in the first-line therapy for @entity1722 -negative @entity1 with LR/MBC. However, its side effects are predictable and manageable.

title: Efficacy and safety of adding an agent to bevacizumab/ @entity3907 regimens for the first-line treatment of @entity1722 -negative @entity1 with locally recurrent or metastatic XXXX : results from seven randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) has an excellent prognosis, but its management can resemble that of early invasive @entity0 . We compared aspects of quality of life of @entity1 with @entity3821 to that of @entity1 with @entity3 during the first year after treatment initiation. @entity1 came from consecutive series of @entity1 with newly diagnosed, non-metastatic @entity0 treated in eight Quebec hospitals in 2003. Psychological distress and health-related quality of life were measured using the Psychiatric Symptom Index (PSI) and the SF-12 mental and physical component scales (MCS, PCS). Data were obtained 1, 6, and 12 months after the start of treatment. We used generalized linear models to compare mean scores and explored the possible clinical significance of between-group differences with effect size (ES). Participation and retention among eligible @entity1 were high, 86 and 97%, respectively. Among the 800 @entity1 who completed all interviews, 13.4% (n = 107) had @entity3821 and 86.6% (693) @entity3 . No statistically significant between-group differences were found at 1, 6, or 12 months in psychological state (PSI and MCS: P values from 0.065 to 0.904; ES from -0.01 to -0.21). @entity1 with @entity3821 reported significantly higher levels of physical health, particularly when compared at 1 month to @entity1 with @entity3 who had chemotherapy (P value < 0.0001; ES = 0.82). Measured in symptoms of @entity458 , the better prognosis or less aggressive management of @entity3821 does not offset the general psychological effects of a @entity5 diagnosis to any great degree.

title: Psychological distress and physical health in the year after diagnosis of XXXX or invasive @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive disease']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['DCIS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mainstay of treatment for bone metastases from @entity1358 is surgery. We assessed if there was a difference in local recurrence, reoperation, and survival between @entity1 who underwent metastasectomy, intralesional curettage, or stabilization only for @entity1358 metastasis to the appendicular skeleton, and if there was a difference in these outcomes based on margin status. METHODS: This retrospective study included 183 @entity1 ; 48% underwent metastasectomy (n   =   88, margins: 64 negative; 20 positive; 4 unclear), 30% intralesional curettage (n   =   54), and 22% stabilization only (n   =   41). RESULTS: The recurrence rate differed and was highest after stabilization only (39%), followed by intralesional curettage (22%), and metastasectomy (12%) (P   =   0.003). However, we found no difference in reoperation rate (P   =   0.847). Survival was better in @entity1 who underwent metastasectomy (P   =   0.020). The recurrence rate was lower in @entity1 who had a negative margin (5%) as compared to those with a positive margin (26%) (P   <   0.001). However, we found no difference in reoperation rate (P   =   0.97). Negative margins showed better survival (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the importance of obtaining negative margins in @entity1 with a good life expectancy, as lower recurrence rate can be attained at a not significant additional risk for reoperation, with a potential impact on survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:237-245.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Metastasectomy, intralesional resection, or stabilization only in the treatment of bone metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: A 32-year-old @entity1 , 3, para 2 with a @entity251 producing @entity5 of the left ovary was studied endocrinologically. She complained of @entity2588 , @entity3427 and abdominal mass. The peripheral @entity251 level was 8.4 ng/ml, remarkably elevated. After the combined @entity619 suppression/ @entity3566 stimulation test, the plasma @entity251 level rose from 9 ng/ml to 15.1 ng/ml. Prior to @entity5 , venous samples were drawn directly from the right and left ovarian veins during surgery and simple total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. @entity251 levels were 40.5 ng/ml on the @entity5 side and 7.1 ng/ml on the normal side. After @entity5 removal, the plasma @entity251 level fell from 8.4 ng/ml to less than 1.0 ng/ml within 24 hours. Histological examination of the left @entity43 revealed a @entity10693 . In incubation of small specimens of @entity5 tissues in oxygenated Krebs bicarbonate buffer, the release of @entity251 into the medium containing @entity3566 was twice as high as that into the medium without @entity3566 . These results of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that this @entity5 was an @entity3566 -dependent @entity251 producing @entity10693 .

title: [Endocrinological study of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity10693 :: ('MESH:D018310', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity10693 :: (MESH:D018310,Disease) :: ['Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Minimal invasive approaches to @entity1911 ( @entity1911 ) and @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) removal may be complicated by the hemodynamic disturbances that are associated with the @entity5733 secretion from the @entity5 . The anaesthetic and perioperative monitoring techniques need to be customized to handle these complications effectively. This retrospective analysis was undertaken to review the perioperative management of these @entity1 handled by the same anaesthetic and surgical team. METHODS: Case details were collected and data analysed for the perioperative management of 29 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic removal of @entity1911 and @entity1823 . Parameters collected included details of preoperative alpha-and beta blockade, @entity5 size, number of @entity101 surges, dose of @entity1854 ( @entity4982 ) and other vasodilators used and incidence of @entity551 and other complications. RESULTS: All @entity1 received @entity3159 for pre-operative optimization. @entity101 emergencies were seen in 4 @entity1 during induction and endotracheal intubation and in 1 @entity1 during @entity516 . Overall mean number of @entity101 emergencies was 3.41 (SD-2.45). The @entity1 undergoing @entity1823 removal had significantly more crisis compared to those undergoing unilateral @entity1911 removal. The dose of @entity4982 used correlated significantly with @entity5 size. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery for @entity1911 and @entity1823 removal is associated with @entity101 emergencies which are amenable to usual doses of antihypertensives used intraoperatively. Surgical factors like @entity5 size and location affect the number of crisis and the dose of anti- @entity101 used more than the anaesthetic drugs and procedures.

title: Laparoscopic Surgery for @entity1911 and XXXX Removal: A Retrospective Analysis of Anaesthetic Management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'Hypertensive', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'PCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma', 'PGL']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum insufflation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypotension']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['Paraganglioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac involvement rarely occurs in @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ); it is often fatal. CASE REPORTS: The first @entity1 , a 21-month-old @entity1 , developed classic @entity1381 with @entity810 . Peritoneal dialysis was performed for 20 days. On the 10th day of dialysis, @entity583 occurred, probably related to coronary thrombus. The @entity1 was given heparin and antibiotics because of an unexplained fever. The outcome was favorable despite antero-apical @entity299 , and moderated @entity177 . The second @entity1 , a 24-month-old @entity1 , also showed a classic @entity1381 , which required peritoneal dialysis for 10 days. @entity384 with @entity712 appeared on the 4th day of dialysis, not related to the @entity1284 and metabolic consequences of the @entity810 , such as systemic @entity101 or ineffective dialysis. On the 5th day of dialysis neurological involvement appeared. Neurological, cardiac and renal outcome was favorable. The third @entity1 , a 25-month-old @entity1 , developed a classical @entity1381 , requiring peritoneal dialysis for 25 days. No cardiac insult appeared during the acute phase of the disease. After dialysis, the @entity1 had @entity177 ( @entity1011 clearance: 15 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2). @entity384 appeared 3 months later, without definite etiology. The outcome was favorable with digoxin treatment. CONCLUSION: A cardiac involvement should also be searched for in the acute phase of @entity1381 and several months later.

title: [Cardiac involvement during XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['classic hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['classic hemolytic uremic syndrome']


abstract: The diagnosis of synchronous multiple primary @entity2 (SMPLC) remains a formidable challenge. The aim of the present study was to identify useful clues for the clinical diagnosis of SMPLC, in particular for the early stages. The medical records of 10 @entity1 diagnosed with SMPLC with different histological types were analyzed retrospectively. Chest computed tomography (CT) findings showed two @entity358 in all @entity1 . The two lesions displayed malignant characteristics of primary @entity2 . The levels of a number of @entity5 markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity3508 , cytokeratin fragment 21-1, @entity957 and CA125 increased in 2 @entity1 . Auxiliary examinations of other physical sites in these @entity1 did not show signs of @entity5 metastasis. Two @entity5 were separately staged and appropriate treatment was carried out based on the revised stage, which provided more benefits for SMPLC @entity1 . The diagnosis of SMPLC might be delayed or mistaken owing to its similarity to @entity5 metastasis. A high index of awareness is required for the early diagnosis of this disease. The malignant characteristics of primary @entity2 in @entity75 may be valuable clues for the diagnosis of SMPLC. Alterations in the levels of @entity5 markers may be a poor diagnostic tool for the detection of SMPLC. Separate biopsies for different pulmonary masses should be performed for clinical staging as soon as possible and reasonable treatment based on the stage should also be selected.

title: Early clinical diagnosis of synchronous multiple primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['various lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1243 is emerging as a key regulator of bone remodeling. In a population-based study of 1306 postmenopausal Danish @entity1 , nonsynonymous @entity13156 SNPs were associated with risk of @entity1386 , @entity1555 , and @entity174 . Smoking exacerbates this @entity13156 -associated @entity174 risk. INTRODUCTION: Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the @entity1 @entity13156 gene have been associated with @entity1386 in a number of studies, but there have been no large-scale studies of their implications for @entity1555 and @entity3604 risk in postmenopausal @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a population-based study of 1430 @entity1 . Three well-known nonsynonymous @entity13156 ( @entity13156 ) SNPs ( @entity13157 , @entity13159 , and @entity13161 ) were genotyped for qualitative and quantitative association analysis. Phenotype characteristics of main interest were DXA measures of body fat and lean tissue mass, @entity1555 , and radiographic @entity174 . RESULTS: @entity13159 associated with risk of @entity174 (overall OR = 1.76; OR in smokers = 2.31; p = 0.0004), in addition to @entity1555 of the femoral neck and total hip (p = 0.036 and 0.008, respectively). Heterozygote carriers showed lower @entity1555 at both sites. @entity13159 was also associated with @entity1386 (p = 0.001 for total fat mass). For @entity1386 , the at-risk allele was G (resulting in an @entity369 at position 223). CONCLUSIONS: Variation in @entity13156 seemed to contribute to the variation in @entity1555 and @entity174 risk in Danish postmenopausal @entity1 ; the heterozygous genotype was associated with increased risk of manifest @entity170 . Further studies are needed to replicate these data and to clarify the mechanisms involved.

title: @entity1243 receptor genotype at @entity13159 is associated with body composition, XXXX , and @entity174 in postmenopausal Danish @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity13156 :: ('3953', 'Gene') :: ['LEPR', 'leptin receptor']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity13159 :: ('p|SUB|Q|223|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln223Arg']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity13161 :: ('p|SUB|K|656|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys656Asn']

entities_list: @entity13157 :: ('p|SUB|K|109|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys109Arg']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['BMD']


abstract: The distribution of blood group antigens @entity20604 in submandibular glands was studied at light and electron microscopy levels by applying ImmunoGold Silver Staining (IGSS) and post-embedding ImmunoGold ( @entity26972 ) methods, respectively. In IGSS treated samples, a cytoplasmic and a surface form of antigen localization were discernible in the glandular parenchyma. The former was restricted to most mucous cells and to scattered serous cells: A and B antigens were demonstrated in mucous cells of A and B type glands, while H antigen appeared in most mucous and occasional serous elements regardless of the blood type of donors. The latter appeared as a strong H reactivity on cell surfaces of serous acini and ducts regardless of the @entity1 blood type. The @entity26972 method was applied both on non-osmicated samples embedded in LR White resin and on osmicated, Epon embedded samples. In non-osmicated tissues, antigen labelling was revealed in secretory granules and cell surfaces. Positive secretory granules were found in most mucous cells and occasional serous, intercalated, and striated duct cells. A and B antigens weakly reacted in mucous cells of A and B type glands, respectively, while strong H reactivity was seen in mucous, serous, intercalated and striated duct cells of glands of all types. Surfaces labelled with H antigen were found on both lumenal and basolateral membranes of striated ducts in glands of all types. @entity26972 method applied on osmicated, Epon embedded samples, selectively revealed blood group antigens in secretory granules of serous cells but not in the apical vesicles of striated ductal cells. Cell surfaces were completely unreactive.

title: An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of @entity20604 antigens in XXXX submandibular glands at the light and electron microscopic levels.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. Regional haemodynamic responses to @entity12579 (ANP, 0.5 nmol kg-1) or proendothelin-1 [1-38] (1.0 nmol kg-1) were assessed in the same conscious Long Evans @entity35 before and 20 min after administration of the novel neutral endopeptidase ( @entity8123 ) inhibitor, SQ 28,603 (50 mg kg-1, i.v.). In a separate experiment, responses to @entity1827 (0.5 nmol kg-1), @entity4689 (0.25 nmol kg-1) and @entity1808 (0.12 nmol kg-1) were measured before and after administration of SQ 28,603. 2. SQ 28,603 alone had no significant cardiovascular effects but caused significant prolongation of the @entity551 , tachycardic and renal and mesenteric vasoconstrictor effects of ANP. However, the early vasodilator and late vasoconstrictor responses in the hindquarters were not affected significantly. 3. SQ 28,603 caused significant attenuation of the pressor effects of proendothelin-1 [1-38] but the associated @entity1168 was unchanged. SQ 28,603 caused a significant inhibition of the renal and mesenteric vasoconstrictor effects of proendothelin-1 and also inhibited the initial vasodilator and subsequent vasoconstrictor responses in the hindquarters vascular bed. 4. SQ 28,603 had no significant effects on the haemodynamic responses to @entity1827 , angiotensin I, or @entity1808 . 5. The results are consistent with SQ 28,603 not only inhibiting @entity8123 that is involved in the degradation of ANP, but also suppressing activity of the enzyme involved in the conversion of proendothelin-1 [1-38] to @entity1827 .

title: Effects of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, SQ 28,603, on regional haemodynamic responses to XXXX or proendothelin-1 [1-38] in conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4689 :: ('MESH:D000803', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin I']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity12579 :: (24602(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: The @entity1 endothelium expresses two related but distinct receptor @entity669 kinases, @entity6758 and @entity319 [VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) receptor 1 and 2], that regulate the vascular response to a key cytokine, @entity7 . In the present review, we suggest a model for integrating the signals from these receptor @entity669 kinases by co-ordinating the spatial and temporal segregation of these membrane proteins linked to distinct signalling outputs associated with each intracellular location. Activation of pro-angiogenic @entity319 stimulates a programme of @entity669 phosphorylation, ubiquitination and proteolysis. This is linked to ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport)-mediated recognition of activated @entity319 and sorting in endosomes before arrival in lysosomes for terminal degradation. In addition, Rab GTPases regulate key events in @entity319 trafficking between the plasma membrane, early and late endosomes, with distinct roles for @entity23894 , @entity4814 and @entity27341 . Manipulation of GTPase levels affects not only @entity319 activation and intracellular signalling, but also functional outputs such as @entity7 -stimulated endothelial cell migration. In contrast, @entity6758 displays stable Golgi localization that can be perturbed by cell stimuli that elevate cytosolic @entity141 ion levels. One model is that @entity6758 translocates from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane via a @entity460 -sensitive trafficking step. This allows rapid and preferential sequestration of @entity7 by the higher-affinity @entity6758 , thus blocking further @entity319 activation. Recycling or degradation of @entity6758 allows resensitization of the @entity319 -dependent signalling pathway. Thus a dual @entity319 system with a built-in negative-feedback loop is utilized by endothelial cells to sense a key cytokine in vascular tissues.

title: @entity7 -stimulated signalling in endothelial cells via a dual receptor XXXX kinase system is dependent on co-ordinated trafficking and proteolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We successfully managed a @entity130 and delayed @entity9440 in a @entity1 with an implantable left ventricular assist device (iLVAD). A 42-year-old @entity1 with an iLVAD for @entity1000 was admitted to our department complaining of @entity1296 . Laboratory data showed severe @entity417 , and computed tomography demonstrated a traumatic @entity130 . Following conservative treatment, partial splenic embolization was performed. Fifteen days after the intervention, the @entity1 went into @entity548 due to delayed @entity9440 . @entity887 was performed, and total splenectomy was conducted later to prevent re-bleeding or @entity733 formation. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged on postoperative day 22. Finally, he underwent orthotropic heart transplantation without post-splenectomy sepsis or @entity715 complications 472  days after splenectomy. @entity130 should be considered as a possible complication of iLVAD. In addition, careful follow-up after transcatheter arterial embolization for @entity130 is essential for managing delayed @entity9440 .

title: A delayed XXXX after transcatheter arterial embolization required total splenectomy in a @entity1 with an implantable left ventricular assist device.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Emergency total splenic embolization']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'Splenic injury']

answer: @entity9440 :: (MESH:D013161,Disease) :: ['splenic rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although it is well known that @entity6687 induces @entity409 , the mechanisms are still not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of platelets and P-selectin in @entity1448 -induced @entity99 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: C57BL/6 @entity19 underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) and pretreatment with an anti- @entity30232 balpha antibody, which depletes platelets, an anti-P-selectin antibody or a control antibody. Hepatic platelet and leukocyte recruitment as well as microvascular perfusion were determined by intravital fluorescence microscopy. KEY RESULTS: BDL caused significant @entity409 and sinusoidal perfusion failure. BDL further induced @entity409 with @entity1423 , @entity1423 in postsinusoidal venules and massive platelet accumulation in liver sinusoids. Administration of the anti- @entity13837 antibody reduced systemic platelet count by 90%. Depletion of platelets in BDL @entity19 not only abolished accumulation and adhesion of platelets in sinusoids and venules but also restored sinusoidal perfusion and reduced liver enzymes by more than 83%. Platelet depletion further reduced BDL-associated sinusoidal leukocyte accumulation by 48% although leukocyte-endothelium interactions in venules were not affected. Immunoneutralization of P-selectin also inhibited hepatic microvascular accumulation of platelets and leukocytes, and protected against @entity1448 -provoked @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Platelets play an important role in BDL-induced @entity99 by promoting leukocyte recruitment and deteriorating microvascular perfusion. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that @entity1448 -induced accumulation of platelets is mediated by P-selectin. Thus, targeting platelet accumulation may be a useful strategy against @entity409 associated with @entity3883 .

title: Platelet-dependent accumulation of leukocytes in sinusoids mediates XXXX in bile duct ligation-induced @entity1448 .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['increased platelet adhesion', 'widespread intravascular platelet aggregates']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic platelet accumulation', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular damage']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) standardized uptake values (SUV) in @entity2184 before and after plaque brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A cohort of 217 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2184 and eligible for ophthalmic plaque brachytherapy underwent preoperative PET/CT to evaluate their intraocular @entity5 and screen for @entity3 . Subsequent to undergoing plaque brachytherapy, @entity1 ' PET/CT SUV were periodically reevaluated over 42 months. RESULTS: In this series, 37 (17%) @entity320 @entity1 were found to have an SUV of >2.0. Of these, 18 @entity1 were able to undergo interval follow-up PET/CT scanning. There were 3 @entity1 with T2, 11 @entity1 with T3, and 4 @entity1 with T4 @entity320 according to 7th edition AJCC-UICC criteria. Mean apical thickness was 8.8 mm (range, 3-12.3 mm), and the largest mean @entity5 diameter was 15.1 mm (range, 12-19.9 mm). The mean initial SUV was 3.7 (range, 2.1-7.3). @entity1 were followed for a median 16 months (range, 6-42 months). The median time to a @entity5 SUV of 0 was 8.0 months (range, 6-18 months). There was one case of one interval increase in SUV that diminished after circumferential laser treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular PET/CT imaging provides a physiological assessment of @entity5 metabolism that can be used to evaluate changes after treatment. In this study, ophthalmic plaque radiation therapy was associated with extinguished @entity5 PET/CT SUV over time. PET/CT imaging can be used to assess @entity320 for their response to treatment.

title: XXXX positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) physiologic imaging of @entity320 : before and after ophthalmic plaque radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'choroidal melanoma', 'choroidal melanomas']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['[(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: The Aliskiren in the Evaluation of @entity644 in @entity6 (AVOID) trial demonstrated that adding aliskiren, an oral direct @entity916 inhibitor, at a dosage of 300 mg/d to the highest approved dosage of @entity9886 and optimal antihypertensive therapy reduces @entity633 over 6 mo among @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity633 . The cost-effectiveness of this therapy, however, is unknown. Here, we used a Markov model to project progression to @entity454 , life years, quality-adjusted life years, and lifetime costs for aliskiren plus @entity9886 versus @entity9886 . We used data from the AVOID study and the @entity7056 in @entity2316 Trial (IDNT) to estimate probabilities of progression of @entity8 . We estimated probabilities of mortality for @entity454 and other comorbidities using data from the US Renal Data System, US Vital Statistics, and published studies. We based pharmacy costs on wholesale acquisition costs and based costs of @entity454 and transplantation on data from the US Renal Data System. We found that adding aliskiren to @entity9886 increased time free of @entity454 , life expectancy, and quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.1772, 0.1021, and 0.0967 yr, respectively. Total expected lifetime health care costs increased by  2952, reflecting the higher pharmacy costs of aliskiren and @entity9886 ( 7769), which were partially offset by savings in costs of @entity454 ( 4860). We estimated the cost-effectiveness of aliskiren to be  30,500 per quality-adjusted life year gained. In conclusion, adding aliskiren to @entity9886 and optimal therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity633 may be cost-effective from a US health care system perspective.

title: Cost-effectiveness of aliskiren in XXXX 2 @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity633 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['Irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: The internal fixing materials made from shape-memory alloys (SMAs) have recently been reported for long bone @entity174 . We present a new internal fixation technique using a cylindrical SMAs implant in a @entity35 femoral @entity174 healing. The implant was designed in a shape to circumferentially fix the fractured bone using resilient @entity4574 claws. To evaluate the fixing ability of the implant, three-point bending and rotation tests were performed. Fifteen female Wister @entity35 were treated surgically as an experimental model. All @entity35 were killed at 16 weeks postoperatively, and the radiological and histological evaluations were performed. In biomechanical test, the good fixation ability of the implant was demonstrated. In animal model, no cases of @entity86 or @entity204 were encountered and postoperative gait was stable in all cases. Radiological examination at 16 weeks postoperatively demonstrated the implant firmly fixed to the fractured part, @entity1610 , and no callus formation in all cases. In Histological evaluation, bone union in all cases was characterized by endochondral ossification from within the medullary cavity. In conclusion, our cylindrical @entity4574 implant provided good fixation in biomechanical tests, and achieved bone union in all 15 @entity35 . If a larger size is designed in the future, our implant will be a clinically applicable, useful fixing material for @entity174 of the @entity1 long bones.

title: Basic research on a cylindrical implant made of shape-memory alloy for the treatment of long bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['endosteal healing']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 with 15 @entity1171 potentially requiring surgical reduction according to plain film criteria were studied with transaxial CT, from which static and animated interactive two-dimensional (2-D) images and animated volumetric three-dimensional (3-D) images were generated. CT criteria believed to parallel well-accepted plain film criteria for triage of @entity1171 were developed and applied. The tibiofibular, talofibular, and tibiotalar articulations were characterized and, where possible (nine cases), compared with the (presumably normal) contralateral ankle. Talocrural angle measurements were made on interactive coronal measurements and compared with standard plain film measurements. @entity174 fragment displacement, rotation, and impaction were noted. Posterior tibial lip disruption was quantified. Information derived from the 2-D/3-D CT study led to cancellation of proposed surgery in three of the @entity174 and in two @entity174 . There was far less variation than anticipated between the talocrural angles of the injured and normal ankles, and both injured and normal ankles deviated significantly from the accepted standard of 84 degrees. Displacement at the level of the fibular @entity174 was a poor predictor of more distal disruption. Two-dimensional CT was found to provide anatomic detail and information superior to either plain film or 3-D CT; 3-D CT was preferred by the surgeons for final surgical planning and for integration of the 2-D data. CT altered management in five of the 13 @entity1 studied, supporting our belief that 2-D/3-D CT can be of significant value in assessing @entity1171 .

title: XXXX : comparison of plain films and interactive two- and three-dimensional CT scans.

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'distal fibular fractures', 'fracture', 'distal tibial fractures']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['Adult ankle fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, short, single-stranded RNAs and represent a new class of gene regulators. Recent evidence supports a role for miRNAs in cardiovascular pathophysiology and @entity731 development. We have previously demonstrated that @entity3373 is widely expressed in @entity1 @entity731 and its downregulation has been correlated with vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation, a cardinal step in the development of @entity731 . However, no evidences are available at this time about modulation of @entity3373 in the setting of @entity101 . Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of @entity3373 in complicated @entity101 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Atherosclerotic plaques were obtained from 22 @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy for high-grade internal @entity543 . Plaques were subdivided into @entity101 (n = 15) and control (n = 7) groups according to the presence or absence of @entity101 (as defined by blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg or current antihypertensive treatment). In study plaques, @entity3373 values were evaluated using real-time PCR. The level of induction has been tested by using /\/\ cycle threshold method. RESULTS: We found that @entity3373 was significantly more expressed in @entity731 of @entity101 @entity1 than in control plaques (1.201    0.260 vs 0.483    0.148 fold induction    SE; p = 0.026). Moreover, a post-hoc analysis showed that treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers may be associated with the maximum increase in @entity3373 levels, although these data did not show any statistical significance probably due to the limited sample size. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first demonstration that @entity101 may upregulate @entity3373 expression in @entity1 @entity731 . Future investigations will be necessary to establish the molecular readout of @entity3373 upregulation in @entity731 in @entity101 .

title: Overexpression of microRNA-145 in @entity731 from XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and feasibility of combined-type integrated Y-shaped self-expanding covered metallic stents to treat @entity292 ( @entity292 ) and @entity292 ( @entity292 ). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 10 @entity1 with postoperative @entity292 or @entity292 . Depending on the size and location of the @entity292 and the airway diameter, we custom-designed 2 or 3 stents for each @entity1 . The combined-type stents consisted of a large and a small Y-shaped stent. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the small stent was inserted into the distal part of the involved airway. Then, the large stent was placed at the @entity825 and carina. The large stent partly overlapped the main body of the small stent. RESULTS: All stents were successfully inserted at the first attempt. Esophageal and airway radiography showed no contrast agent leakage, indicating that the @entity292 was fully sealed. After the procedure, the @entity1 could resume eating without coughing, and their quality of life improved. Each @entity1 was fully followed up. Six @entity1 died at 3.2 to 8  months of @entity5 (4 @entity1 ), hemoptysis (1 @entity1 ), or @entity358 (1 @entity1 ). In 1 @entity1 , the carinal @entity292 enlarged 4  months after stenting, and another small Y-shaped stent was inserted to seal the @entity292 . This @entity1 and the remaining 3 @entity1 are still alive. CONCLUSIONS: Deployment of the combined-type Y-shaped integrated self-expanding covered metallic stent proved to be an effective, safe, and minimally invasive procedure for complex @entity292 and @entity292 . Our @entity1 tolerated the stents well and had good palliation of their symptoms.

title: Application of combined-type Y-shaped covered metallic stents for the treatment of XXXX and @entity292 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['gastrotracheal fistulas', 'fistula', 'GTFs', 'GBFs', 'gastrobronchial fistulas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['gastrotracheal fistulas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION.   The relationship among lifestyle, aging and psychological wellbeing was evaluated in Japanese working @entity1 . METHODS.   Self-administered questionnaire on six lifestyle factors and the General Health Questionnaire 12-item version (GHQ12) were administered to 3306 male workers. @entity283 ( @entity283 ) was calculated as a desirable lifestyle score by summing up each binary lifestyle score (0, 1), ranging from 0 to 6. To check validity of the study outcome, the authors repeated twice with 1 year interval. @entity283 was categorised into three groups by the score of 0-2, 3-4 and 5-6. RESULTS.   The number of subjects categorised by @entity283 was 532, 1967 and 807, respectively. The mean value of GHQ12 significantly decreased as the @entity283 increased by adjusting age. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to predict GHQ12 by six lifestyle scores, and age, sleep, night snacking and exercise were significantly related to GHQ12. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted and age in 50s, two-shift work, sleep, night snacking and exercise were significantly associated with GHQ12. CONCLUSION.   Although cause-effect relationship cannot make clear, some of desirable health practices and aging were closely related to psychological wellbeing judged by GHQ12.

title: Relationship among lifestyles, aging and psychological wellbeing using the General Health Questionnaire 12-items in Japanese working XXXX .

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HPI', 'Health practice index']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Rapid, accurate risk stratification is paramount in managing @entity1 with @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). The @entity1151 Severity Index (PESI) is a simple tool that risk stratifies @entity1 with acute @entity1151 . OBJECTIVES: We sought to validate the PESI as a predictor of short- and intermediate-term mortality and to determine the inter-rater variability. @entity1 /METHODS: We retrospectively identified all @entity1 with acute @entity1151 between October 2007 and February 2009. Two clinicians reviewed charts and independently scored PESI blinded to each other and to @entity1 outcomes. Thirty- and 90-day mortality served as study endpoints and vital status was assessed via the Social Security Death Index. To facilitate analyses, raw PESI score was converted into risk class groups (I-V) and further dichotomized into low risk (I-II) vs. high risk (III-V) groups. Intraclass correlation and the kappa statistic were used to determine inter-rater variability. RESULTS: The cohort included 302 subjects (mean age, 59.7 +/- 17.2 years; 44% male). All-cause 30- and 90-day mortalities were 3.0% and 4.0%, respectively. The mortality rate increased as raw PESI score increased. Risk of death correlated with risk class (P < 0.001). There were no deaths in risk classes I-III, but 30- and 90-day mortality for class V were 9.2% and 10.5%, respectively. Overall, mean PESI scores were similar between observers: 103.3 +/- 39.3 and 96.5 +/- 37.6 (P = NS). The inter-rater variability was good (kappa = 0.69; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The PESI correlates with 30- and 90-day mortality. It represents a reproducible scoring tool to risk stratify @entity1 with acute @entity1151 .

title: The validation and reproducibility of the XXXX severity index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'acute pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Damage to large arteries is a major factor in the high @entity65 and mortality of @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Increased arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness, together with increased pulse pressure, are the principal arterial alterations. Whether increased aortic pulse-wave velocity ( @entity122 ), a classic marker of increased arterial stiffness, may predict all-cause and/or @entity65 has never been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cohort of 241 @entity1 with @entity454 undergoing hemodialysis was studied between April 1987 and April 1998. The mean duration of follow-up was 72+/-41 months (mean+/-SD). Mean age at entry was 51.5+/-16.3 years. Seventy-three @entity204 occurred, including 48 cardiovascular and 25 noncardiovascular fatal events. At entry, together with standard clinical and biochemical analyses, @entity1 underwent echocardiography and aortic @entity122 measured by Doppler ultrasonography. On the basis of Cox analyses, 2 factors emerged as predictors of all-cause and @entity65 : age and aortic @entity122 . Hemoglobin and low diastolic pressure interfered to a smaller extent. After adjustment for all the confounding factors, an OR for @entity122 >12. 0 versus <9.4 m/s was 5.4 (95% CI, 2.4 to 11.9) for all-cause mortality and 5.9 (95% CI, 2.3 to 15.5) for @entity65 . For each @entity122 increase of 1 m/s in our study population, all-cause mortality-adjusted OR was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.62). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide the first direct evidence that in @entity1 with @entity454 , @entity2333 determined by measurement of aortic @entity122 is a strong independent predictor of all-cause and mainly @entity65 .

title: Impact of @entity2333 on survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['increased aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: Gene expression changes in the corpus cavernosum of @entity753 @entity35 were not fully assessed, which were not previously known to be associated with @entity1007 -related @entity323 ( @entity323 ). To provide molecular insight into pathophysiology of @entity1007 -related @entity323 and to investigate the effects of @entity28281 , a @entity32040 ( @entity32040 ) inhibitor, on gene expression, we performed microarray gene expression analysis via gene discovery methods using GenoCheck platinum cDNA chip (Ansan, S. Korea). Sixteen male @entity35 were fed 2% @entity165 diet for 5 months. Half of them were orally treated with @entity28281 (20 mg/kg/day) simultaneously. Eight age-matched @entity35 fed normal diet were served as normal control. RNA was extracted from corpus cavernosum and microarray analysis was performed. @entity323 were observed in @entity753 control group. In microarray analysis, 122 candidate genes were noted to be altered based on the magnitude of expression changes, which includes 44 down-regulated and 78 up-regulated genes compared with the age-matched normal controls. These changes were, however, significantly attenuated by treatment with @entity28281 . Out of the 78 up-regulated genes, 8 genes were significantly decreased by the chronic treatment with @entity28281 . The altered genes were cytochrome oxidase biogenesis protein OXA1, skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain, @entity32041 , fast skeletal muscle isoforms beta/alpha, myosin light chain 3, cytochrome c oxidase, adipocyte @entity844 binding protein and one EST gene. In contrast, among the 44 down-regulated genes, @entity24543 and @entity12003 genes were increased after the @entity28281 treatment. These results provide the molecular basis for understanding the pathogenesis of @entity1007 -related @entity323 and offer clues on determining the underlying action mechanism of a @entity32040 inhibitor.

title: Microarray analysis of gene expression profile in the corpus cavernosum of @entity753 @entity35 after chronic treatment with XXXX inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Decreased erectile responses and hypercholesterolemia', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity32040 :: (171115(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PDE5']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Postoperative chylothorax in @entity1 with a @entity1514 @entity439 is generally infrequent. We report a mode of surgery to reduce the incidence of @entity451 . We review our experience with chylothorax after resection of an @entity439 to find its cause and to evaluate the success of management. @entity1 AND METHODS: For descending @entity1514 @entity439 , intercostal arteries in the @entity439 were exposed before incising the @entity439 and, they were only sacrificed no change in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) occurred after temporary occlusion. Between January 2001 and December 2003, out of a total of 147 @entity439 including @entity1514 and thoracoabdominal, 4 consecutive @entity1 (2.7%) with chylothorax were reviewed. RESULTS: The chylothorax was diagnosed 1.5 days after operation (range 1 to 2 days). All @entity1 were initially treated by the cessation of oral intake. This treatment was successful for 2 @entity1 and the remaining 2 required surgical intervention to control the @entity292 . Chylothorax was cured in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We postulate that chylothorax is caused by @entity764 or its branch during the exposing the intercostal arteries. In the management of chylothorax, early intervention is recommended when the volume of chylous fluid is not decreased by conservative treatment.

title: Postoperative chylothorax in XXXX with a thoracic aortic aneurysm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the thoracic duct']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Suffocation due to foreign bodies (FB) is a leading cause of death in @entity1 aged 0-3 and it is common also in older ages, up to 14 years old. Based on the RPA report the estimated number of incidents per year in @entity1 aged 0-14 is in European Union (EU) of approximately 50,000, 10% of which are fatal. The need of an improvement of knowledge led to the development of the pan European study ESFBI (European Survey on Foreign Bodies Injuries) that collected data on FB @entity130 in the aerodigestive tract in paediatric @entity1 from 19 European Hospitals (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swiss, @entity233 and United Kingdom). Recognizing that the rapid management is one of the main goals in the presence of such injury the aim of this paper is to confront data coming from 4 ESFBI case series with a Thailand's case series, in order to broaden the knowledge on FBs @entity130 characteristics, knowing that features like shape, dimension, consistency are fundamental in determine the consequences that might occur. METHODS: Data coming from the Siriraj Hospital, Thailand from June 2006 to 2010 were collected and compared with 4 case series chosen amongst the ESFBI study cases (Finland, Slovenia, Sweden and @entity233 ). RESULTS: 172 cases were collected from the Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. The chosen ESFBI members were Finland, Sweden, Slovenia and @entity233 , with a sample numerosity respectively of 307, 235, 104 and 196 cases. All countries showed a male prevalence higher than the female one, and @entity130 occurred most frequently in @entity1 younger than 3 years old. The most frequent retrieval location was the digestive system (oesophagus) in Thailand data (97 cases, 56.40% of cases), whilst European cases involved more frequently the nose in Slovenia (58.65%), Finland (37.79% of cases) and Sweden (54.47%). In @entity233 's case series, the highest prevalence of cases interested the airways. In Thailand and Finland case series, the main FB's type were represented by bones (respectively 66 case, 38.37% and 48 cases, 15.64%), whilst pearl, ball and marble were the most frequent FB both in Slovenia (16, 15.38%) and Sweden (83, 35.32%). @entity233 case series had nuts, seeds and grain as most prevalent FB (126, 64.29%). CONCLUSIONS: The nature of foreign bodies varies from country to country and is dependent on diverse cultural, social, religious and economic factors that include parental attitudes, eating habits, availability and types of potentially threatening objects, and prevention strategies. The need to study in more depth specific characteristics of foreign bodies associated with increased hazard, such as nature, size, shape, @entity3358 or firmness, lubricity, pliability and elasticity, in order to better identify risky foods and to describe more precisely the pathogenetic pathway is therefore a necessity.

title: Foreign bodies @entity130 in XXXX : analysis of Thailand data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between @entity650 and CRP with @entity308 items and cognitive function. We included 112 outpatients with major @entity308 from an exercise trial and 57 healthy controls. @entity650 , high sensitive CRP (hsCRP), and cognitive function were assessed in all subjects. After baseline assessment, @entity1 were randomised to either a 3months exercise intervention or an exercise control group. Post-intervention @entity650 , hsCRP, @entity308 , and cognitive function were reassessed in the @entity1 group. @entity650 and hsCRP were significantly increased in @entity308 @entity1 compared to healthy controls (p=0.02 and 0.04). These differences were no longer significant after adjustment for lifestyle associated variables. We found no association between immune markers and specific @entity308 at baseline or as change over time. Regarding the cognitive tests, @entity650 was positively associated with Serial sevens (p=0.008) and hsCRP was inversely associated with Trail making A (p=0.02) and design fluency (p=0.001) at baseline. At 3months follow-up @entity650 and hsCRP levels did not significantly change from baseline and did not differ between the two @entity1 groups. @entity308 scores was lower compared to baseline but did not differ between groups. Combining the two groups, a decrease in @entity650 was associated to decreased verbal fluency (p=0.02), and a decrease in hsCRP was associated with improvement in Trail making A (p=0.005). In conclusion, the level of @entity650 and hsCRP was increased in @entity308 outpatients but was not associated to specific @entity308 . In terms of cognitive function, we found that higher hsCRP levels were associated to lower psychomotor speed both at baseline and at follow-up.

title: The association between @entity308 , cognitive function, and inflammation in major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression', 'depressive']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) is a well-defined entity characterized by spontaneous and recurrent abortion, @entity882 and recurrent vascular @entity715 (arterial and venous). @entity1002 mimicking primary @entity4617 with recurrent systemic @entity887 has not been previously reported. In this report we describe a 39 year-old @entity1 admitted to hospital presenting with @entity1269 and a @entity1897 . He had no history of @entity715 events. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a large, polypoid and mobile mass (4.0 x 1.2 cm) attached to the apex of the left ventricle, highly suggestive of primary @entity4617 . The @entity1 subsequently underwent open heart surgery. The histological examination showed an older @entity715 and a fresh @entity715 . Post-operative laboratory tests showed @entity4555 activity, confirming the primary @entity1701 diagnosis. The @entity1 initiated treatment with oral anticoagulation (INR levels between 2 and 3) and was discharged 29 days after surgery. At ten month follow-up, he was symptom-free with long-term anticoagulation therapy. No evidence of intracardiac mass recurrence on two-dimensional echocardiography was seen. @entity715 has been rarely reported as a complication of primary @entity1701 . Left ventricular mass mimicking primary @entity4617 with recurrent systemic @entity887 has not been previously reported. Pre-operative investigations could not distinguish such a @entity715 from a @entity4617 and the diagnosis was made post-operatively.

title: @entity1002 mimicking primary @entity4617 in a XXXX with @entity1701 and recurrent systemic @entity887 .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumor']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'Primary antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Intracardiac thrombus', 'thromboses', 'thrombus', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']