abstract: The epsilon4 allele of @entity12217 is associated with increased risk for developing @entity195 . To further understand the anatomical distribution of @entity12217 and its native receptors in the brain, we studied their messenger RNA expression in the adult @entity35 brain under normal conditions and in response to an excitotoxic lesion to the hippocampus. In situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes for @entity12217 , apolipoprotein J, the @entity3244 , @entity55580 , @entity3244 related protein, 39,000 mol. wt receptor-associated protein and @entity3246 / @entity3246 messenger RNA were performed on adjacent sections throughout the @entity35 forebrain. @entity12217 messenger RNA was abundantly expressed in the @entity35 brain in both white and gray matter localizing to astrocytes but not neurons. @entity3244 -related protein and receptor-associated protein messenger RNA had a similar regional distribution but @entity3244 -related protein messenger RNA was expressed by both neurons and glia, while the expression of receptor-associated protein messenger RNA was more highly expressed in neurons. Apolipoprotein J messenger RNA was expressed by neurons, glia and choroid plexus. The @entity3244 and @entity55580 messenger RNA were found in both neurons and glia. @entity3246 / @entity3246 messenger RNA was not detectable in the adult @entity35 brain. In response to hippocampal lesions, @entity12217 and apolipoprotein J messenger RNAs were significantly up-regulated seven and 11 days post-lesion but the expression of @entity3244 , @entity3244 -related protein, receptor-associated protein, @entity3246 / @entity3246 , and @entity55580 messenger RNAs were unchanged. The expression of @entity12217 messenger RNA increased gradually beginning at three days while the expression of apolipoprotein J messenger RNA began to increase at seven days post-lesion. These findings further implicate apolipoproteins in the response of the @entity1545 in vivo and suggest that transcriptional up-regulation of the apolipoprotein receptors studied is not a prominent feature in the response.

title: Dissociation of apolipoprotein and apolipoprotein receptor response to lesion in the XXXX brain: an in situ hybridization study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain to injury']

entities_list: @entity55580 :: ('25696(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['very low density lipoprotein receptor']

entities_list: @entity12217 :: ('25728(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Apolipoprotein E', 'apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3244 :: ('300438(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['low density lipoprotein receptor', 'Low density lipoprotein receptor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity699 ( @entity699 ) is associated with severely impaired quality of life (QoL). Moreover, the physiological @entity701 diurnal rhythm (CDR) is disturbed in @entity699 . QoL can improve after successful surgery, the primary treatment for @entity699 . We evaluated the effects of medical treatment on QoL and CDR. In 17 @entity1 , stepwise medical treatment was applied with the @entity1943 analog @entity22798 , the @entity935 agonist @entity9229 and the adrenal-blocking agent @entity3102 . After 80 days, 15/17 (88%) @entity1 had reached normal urinary free @entity701 excretion (UFC). Subsequently, @entity1 continued medical therapy or underwent surgery. UFC, plasma and salivary CDR and QoL-related parameters (assessed using 5 questionnaires: Nottingham Health Profile, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, Multidimensional Fatigue Index-20, RAND-36, CushingQoL) were measured. At baseline, 5/17 @entity1 had preserved CDR. In 6/12 @entity1 with disturbed baseline CDR, recovery was observed, but without any correlation with QoL. QoL was significantly impaired according to 18/20 subscales in @entity699 @entity1 compared to literature-derived controls. According to the RAND-36 questionnaire, @entity1 reported more @entity158 at day 80 (p < 0.05), which might reflect steroid-withdrawal. Generally, QoL did not improve or deteriorate after 80 days. CushingQoL scores seemed to improve after 1 year of remission in three @entity1 that continued medical therapy (p = 0.11). CDR can recover during successful pituitary- and adrenal-targeted medical therapy. @entity1 with @entity699 have impaired QoL compared to controls. Despite the occurrence of side-effects, QoL does not deteriorate after short-term biochemical remission induced by medical therapy, but might improve after sustained control of @entity699 .

title: XXXX diurnal rhythm and quality of life after successful medical treatment of @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity22798 :: ('MESH:C517782', 'Chemical') :: ['pasireotide']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['Cortisol']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity191 are slower than normal subjects in executing sequential arm movements, and their @entity2845 worsens as the execution of motor sequences progresses. In @entity191 and normal subjects, we studied the execution of two types of fast sequential arm movements. The subjects had to perform a motor sequence following with their arm a path marked by six targets on a screen. In one experimental condition, they performed the motor sequence without advance knowledge of its path and executed each submovement in response to the consecutive appearance of the targets on the screen (unknown motor sequences). In the other condition, all the targets appeared simultaneously on the screen before the subject moved, and the subject internally determined when to execute each submovement (known motor sequences). @entity1 were slower than normal subjects in executing both sequences. @entity1 and normal subjects were faster in executing known than unknown sequences, but the @entity1 ' percentage of total movement time diminished less. During the unknown condition, both groups tended to lengthen submovement duration whereas, during the known condition, both groups tended to correct this trend. @entity1 performed submovements during both sequences with longer acceleration phases. The submovement symmetry ratio of the velocity profile changed according to the direction of movement (up or down). We conclude that these findings depend mainly on the model of movement execution. They also suggest that @entity1 with @entity191 have more difficulty in executing internally determined than externally triggered sequential movements.

title: Performance of sequential arm movements with and without advance knowledge of motor pathways in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: At least two subsets of @entity1961 + T helper cell lymphocytes termed Th1 and @entity61 exist in the @entity19 and probably in @entity1 . They are characterized by the secretion of different lymphokines and by their functional behavior. Dysregulated expansion of one or the other subset may be one reason for the development of certain diseases. Thus, it is of importance to define the signals involved in the differentiation and activation of the two Th cell subsets. It is known and has been confirmed in this report that the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 acts on @entity61 cells but not on Th1 cells. We now report that a previously identified cytokine which was provisionally termed T cell stimulating factor is identical with IL-12 and exhibits a reciprocal behaviour to @entity1192 . IL-12 has several effects on Th1 cells. It can induce the proliferation of certain Th1 cells in combination with @entity1199 . Synthesis of @entity379 by Th1 cells can be triggered by @entity1199 plus IL-12. In contrast to the @entity379 production observed after T cell receptor (TcR) CD3 stimulation of Th1 cells with lectin Concanavalin A the @entity379 production induced by IL-12 + @entity1199 is insensitive to the immunosuppressive drug @entity205 . Furthermore, IL-12 enhances the TcR/CD3-induced synthesis of @entity379 of several Th1 clones. Finally, IL-12 (+ @entity1199 ) induces homotypic cell aggregation of Th1 clones. This type of cell aggregation depends on the participation of @entity1453 and @entity2071 molecules. In all activation systems with Th1 cells no effect of @entity1192 was demonstrable. In contrast, only @entity1192 but not IL-12 served as a co-stimulatory signal for several @entity61 cell lines activated via the TcR/CD3 complex.

title: Interleukin-12/T cell stimulating factor, a cytokine with multiple effects on T helper type 1 (Th1) but not on XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

answer: @entity61 :: (15111(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th2']


abstract: Oxidative stress occurs as a result of imbalance between generation and detoxification of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). This kind of stress was rarely discussed in connection with foreign protein production in @entity526 . Relation between cytoplasmic recombinant protein expression with @entity274 concentration and @entity5533 activity variation was already reported. The periplasmic space of @entity526 has different oxidative environment in relative to cytoplasm and there are some benefits in periplasmic expression of recombinant proteins. In this study, @entity273 concentration and @entity5533 activity following periplasmic expression of @entity19 @entity58 were measured in @entity526 . After construction of pET2mIL4 plasmid, the expression of recombinant @entity19 @entity58 ( @entity58 ) was confirmed. Then, the @entity274 concentration and @entity5533 activity variation in the cells were studied in exponential and stationary phases at various ODs and were compared to those of wild type cells and empty vector transformed cells. It was revealed that empty vector introduction and periplasmic recombinant protein expression increased significantly the @entity274 concentration of the cells. However, the @entity274 concentration in @entity58 expressing cells was significantly higher than its concentration in empty vector transformed cells, demonstrating more effects of recombinant @entity58 expression on @entity274 elevation. Likewise, although @entity5533 activity was reduced in foreign DNA introduced cells, it was more lowered following expression of recombinant proteins. Correlation between @entity274 concentration elevation and @entity5533 activity reduction with cell growth depletion is also demonstrated. It was also found that recombinant protein expression results in cell size increase.

title: Effect of periplasmic expression of recombinant XXXX @entity58 on @entity273 concentration and @entity5533 activity in @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Whether or not abnormal noradrenergic transmission can be a causal factor in @entity148 is controversial. The present experiments examined this question by comparing the effects of two anxiogenic agents on @entity1063 efflux in the frontal cortex of freely moving @entity35 . A single anxiogenic dose of either @entity3160 (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) or @entity12453 (10 or 20 mg/kg) was administered to @entity35 by i.p. injection. @entity3160 increased spontaneous efflux of @entity1063 , but @entity12453 had no effect. However, subsequent exposure of @entity35 to a novel environment increased @entity1063 efflux in vehicle-, but not drug-treated @entity35 . Calculation of the net change in @entity1063 efflux caused by transfer to the novel environment showed that this was reduced by @entity3160 , whereas @entity12453 increased it. These two compounds also had different effects on locomotor activity in the novel environment. The results suggest that @entity148 is unlikely to be invariably associated with increased noradrenergic transmission, in the frontal cortex at least. However, it remains possible that any disruption of the noradrenergic response to stress could be an underlying feature of @entity148 .

title: The anxiogenic agents, XXXX and @entity12453 , disrupt the noradrenergic response to novelty.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity3160 :: (MESH:D015016,Chemical) :: ['yohimbine']


abstract: The complete @entity377 sequence of the carbonic anhydrase gene from @entity6368 has been determined. The gene encodes a 252-residue polypeptide with a molecular mass of 28085 Da. The gene has been cloned and overexpressed in @entity526 , and the enzyme has been purified. A 26-residue signal peptide is cleaved off by the @entity526 processing machinery. Thus, the isolated enzyme contains 226 @entity535 residues with a molecular mass of 25314 Da. Most of the enzyme seems to be produced as a soluble protein located in the periplasm of @entity526 . The enzyme is homologous to carbonic anhydrases from the animal kingdom; it is an alpha-carbonic anhydrase. A comparison with the @entity535 sequences of @entity1 @entity53844 suggests that the secondary structures are essentially intact in the bacterial enzyme but that several loops are much shorter than in the @entity1 forms. Most of the active-site residues are identical to those found in the high-activity @entity1 isozyme II. The bacterial enzyme has a high @entity515 hydration activity with a k(cat) of 1.1 x 10(6) s(-1) and Km of 20 mM at pH 9 and 25 degrees C. The enzyme also catalyzes the hydrolysis of @entity24450 . The pH/rate profile can be described as a titration curve with pKa of 6.7 and a maximal value of the catalytic second-order rate constant, k(enz), of 130 M(-1) x s(-1).

title: The complete sequence, expression in XXXX , purification and some properties of carbonic anhydrase from @entity6368 .

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity24450 :: ('MESH:C008642', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitrophenyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity53844 :: ('759;760', 'Gene') :: ['carbonic anhydrases I and II']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity706 factor/T-cell factor (LEF/TCF) high mobility group box transcription factors are the nuclear transducers of the Wnt/ @entity22679 signaling cascade. In @entity1238 , three members of the LEF/TCF family, @entity54768 , @entity22683 , and @entity54769 , with distinct but partially overlapping expression patterns have been identified. The individual @entity1238 LEF/TCF family members differ extremely in their properties of target gene regulation. We observed that in contrast to @entity22682 , neither @entity22683 nor @entity54769 can induce secondary axis formation upon ventral overexpression in @entity1238 embryos. To identify functional motifs within the LEF/TCF transcription factors responsible for target gene activation or repression, we created various mutants and a set of @entity54768 / @entity22683 chimeras. In overexpression studies, we asked whether these constructs can mimic an activated Wnt/ @entity22679 pathway and lead to the formation of a secondary body axis. In addition, we examined their capacity to rescue a loss-of-function phenotype given by dominant negative @entity22682 expression. We further analyzed their ability to directly activate target genes in reporter gene assays using the LEF/TCF target promoters, siamois and @entity22680 . We found that a region homologous to exon IVa of @entity1 @entity10467 is an activating element. This is flanked by two small repressing motifs, LVPQ and SXXSS. Our findings implicate that the motifs identified here play an essential role in determining cell type-specific activity of LEF/TCF transcription factors.

title: Functional diversity of XXXX lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor transcription factors relies on combinations of activating and repressing elements.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoid enhancer']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: The virulence mechanism of @entity6368 in @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ) is not well understood, and an objective diagnostic method to identify @entity1 with @entity4134 is lacking. We investigated the hypothesis that development of @entity4134 was associated with a C1q-dependent virulence property of @entity2954 . Recent development of a C1q-dependent experimental model of @entity2954 (S. Nowicki, M. Martens, and B. Nowicki, Infect. Immun. 63:4790-4794, 1995) created an opportunity to evaluate this hypothesis in vivo. Therefore, the virulence of 32 clinical isolates (18 @entity4134 isolates and 14 @entity281 [ @entity281 ] isolates) was evaluated in experimental @entity35 pups. A serum bactericidal assay was used to characterize a gonococcal serum-resistant (ser(r)) phenotype. PCR primers designed to amplify a suitable-size gonococcal sac-4 DNA fragment (unique for serum-resistant donor JC1) were used to evaluate the association of serum-resistant genotype sac-4 with two phenotypes: C1q-dependent virulence expressed in vivo and resistance to bactericidal activity of human serum expressed in vitro. Strains were also characterized by auxotyping and serotyping. Of 32 @entity2954 , 15 (46.7%) caused C1q-dependent @entity2259 in @entity35 pups and were sac-4 positive and ser(r). However, of the 15 isolates, 13 (87%) represented strains associated with @entity1 @entity4134 and 2 (13%) were associated with @entity281 . None of the strains that were completely serum-sensitive (ser(s)) and sac-4 negative produced C1q-dependent @entity2259 in @entity35 pups, suggesting that both ser(r) and sac-4 were required for infection. The serum-resistant recombinant recipient of sac-4 produced C1q-dependent @entity2259 in the @entity35 model similarly to the serum-resistant donor of sac-4; the serum-sensitive parent strain did not produce @entity2259 . These data suggest that sac-4-mediated serum resistance conferred C1q-dependent virulence and is a unique characteristic associated with @entity4134 . These newly identified features may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of @entity4134 -associated strains and open perspectives for establishing novel diagnostic methods.

title: Pelvic inflammatory disease isolates of XXXX are distinguished by C1q-dependent virulence for newborn @entity35 and by the sac-4 region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal infection', 'gonococcal strains']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'local infection']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2390 is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic secretion, and corticosteroids suppress humoral and cellular activity. Both agents may reduce the frequency of post-ERCP @entity788 . The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of @entity2390 and @entity701 in preventing post-ERCP @entity788 . METHODS: Three hundred fifty-four @entity1 were entered in to a multicenter randomized controlled trial of 100 microg subcutaneous @entity2390 (Group 1) versus 100 mg intravenous @entity701 (Group 2) versus normal saline solution as placebo (Group 3). All medications were administered approximately 30 minutes before the procedure. @entity1 were assessed clinically and serum amylase was also measured before the procedure and 3, 12, and 24 hours after the procedure. RESULTS: Three hundred forty @entity1 were included in the analysis. @entity788 was observed in 11 of 112 @entity1 (9.8%) in Group 1, 8 of 113 (7.1%) @entity1 in Group 2, and in 15 of 115 (13.0%) @entity1 in Group 3 (p = 0.32). The mean length of hospitalization in days was similar in all 3 groups: mean (SD) for Groups 1, 2, and 3 were, respectively, 3.6 (1.6) versus 2.9 (0.6) versus 4.3 (1.8) (p = 0.13). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that number of pancreatic injections, suspicion of @entity1690 , therapeutic procedure, and age were risk factors for @entity788 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this trial indicate that @entity2390 and @entity701 do not prevent ERCP-induced @entity788 .

title: @entity2390 versus XXXX versus placebo in the prevention of post-ERCP @entity788 : a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['hydrocortisone']


abstract: Using Brattleboro @entity35 with and without @entity2010 ( @entity2010 , non- @entity2010 ), blood pressure, water intake and the excretion of water, @entity1372 , @entity972 and osmotically active substances were measured in intact individuals and in animals subjected to unilateral nephrectomy at the age of 23 or 80 days. The development of blood pressure (BP) changes, determined in unilaterally nephrectomized animals at the age of 4--6 months, depended on the age at which the kidney was removed. After nephrectomy at the age of 25 days, @entity101 developed only in @entity2010 females given 0.6% @entity1219 solution to drink. The BP of those which drank water was unaffected. Unilateral nephrectomy at the age of 80 days produced a slight BP increase in females irrespective of whether they drank water or 0.6% @entity1219 , but in males only if they drank 0.6% @entity1219 solution. No @entity101 was observed in intact animals. No relationship was found between water intake and the blood pressure level. The BP increase in water-drinking females uninephrectomized at 80 days was accompanied by a raised urine flow and raised excretion of osmotically active substances. @entity1372 losses in @entity2010 animals were greater than in non- @entity2010 animals and the urinary @entity1372 concentration, in maximum dehydration, attained minimum values in @entity2010 and maximum values in non- @entity2010 animals. Unilateral nephrectomy at 25 days increased @entity1372 losses in all the animals except non- @entity2010 females, but when performed at 80 days, only in @entity2010 males. No relationship between these results and BP changes was found. The possible relationship of the extrarenal consequences of absence of vasopressin to the development of experimental @entity101 are discussed.

title: Blood pressure and water and electrolyte intake and excretion in XXXX (Brattleboro strain) after unilateral nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'hereditary diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Several agents in a new class of antiemetic compounds, @entity750 (5-HT3) antagonists, have shown promise as effective antiemetics with fewer side effects than @entity1769 . One of these agents, @entity33290 , produced no severe @entity137 at doses that prevented @entity391 due to chemotherapy in early Phase I trials. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, 7 arm clinical trial to: (1) identify the presence of a dose-response for complete protection from @entity391 , and (2) compare @entity33290 with a standard antiemetic, @entity1667 if a dose-response was found not to exist. Prior to chemotherapy, six @entity1 groups each received a single intravenous dose of @entity33290 ranging from 0.2 to 6.0 mg/kg whereas a seventh group received @entity1667 250 mg intravenously. Chemotherapy-na  ve @entity5 @entity1 scheduled to receive moderately emetogenic chemotherapy were eligible. Primary treatment outcomes that were recorded and analyzed included the number of episodes of @entity391 , the time to the first episode of @entity391 as well as the frequency and severity of @entity390 . Two hundred and eight @entity1 accrued between April 1989 and February 1990 were evaluable for response. A significant dose-response effect for complete protection from @entity391 was not seen over the first 24 hours after chemotherapy (p = 0.102). However, a linear dose-response effect for time to first @entity391 was evident in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.029). While the highest @entity33290 dose group was associated with a higher complete protection rate (CPR) than the control group, this group also exhibited a higher incidence of @entity294 (p = 0.013), @entity551 , and electrocardiographic abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A randomized, double-blinded study comparing six doses of XXXX ( @entity33290 ) with @entity1667 in @entity1 receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity33290 :: ('MESH:C060190', 'Chemical') :: ['batanopride']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity33290 :: (MESH:C060190,Chemical) :: ['batanopride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intracellular signaling of activin and transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity641 ) is thought to be mediated by the same molecules ( @entity642 and @entity14903 ). Although differentiation of @entity19 @entity6007 F5-5.fl cells is induced by activin, it is not induced by @entity641 , suggesting that at some point @entity641 signaling is defective. The aim of this study was to investigate the unresponsiveness of F5-5.fl cells to @entity641 . DESIGN: mRNA expression of ligands, receptors, and signal mediators for the @entity641 family was examined in F5-5.fl cells using RT-PCR. RESULTS: Activin induced erythrodifferentiation of F5-5.fl cells in a dose-dependent manner. Neither @entity641 nor @entity7739 affected the differentiation of F5-5.fl cells in the presence or absence of activin. Although mRNAs of TGF-betas ( @entity641 , @entity11579 and @entity11580 ) were detected, those of inhibin/activin (alpha-, betaA- and betaB-subunits) and BMPs ( @entity8385 , @entity7739 and @entity17736 ) could not be detected in the cells, suggesting that neither activins nor BMPs are produced in F5-5.fl cells. The expression of both type I ( @entity20359 / @entity20359 ) and type II (ActRII) receptors for activin was detected in F5-5.fl cells. In contrast, while the expression of type I receptor for @entity641 ( @entity20357 / @entity20357 ) was detected, that of type II receptor ( @entity15136 ) was not. The mRNA of all Smads examined was detected in F5-5.fl cells. CONCLUSIONS: A defect in the type II receptor might cause unresponsiveness to @entity641 in F5-5.fl cells. An erythrodifferentiation assay using F5-5.fl cells would be useful for measuring net activin activity because it would not be necessary to consider endogenous activins and BMPs.

title: mRNA expression of type I and type II receptors for activin, transforming growth factor-beta, and bone morphogenetic protein in the XXXX erythroleukemic cell line, F5-5.fl.

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity7739 :: ('12159(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['BMP-4', 'bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and management of @entity130 during gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. DESIGN: A retrospective study with review of outcomes (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING: A tertiary care/research/university hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity1049 during laparoscopy for @entity13374 at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from January 2000 to April  2012. INTERVENTION: Use of absorbable suture or staples in primary repair of injured colon. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: From January 2000 to April 2012, 12 354 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic surgery. @entity130 occurred in 15 @entity1 (0.12%). Their median age was 42.5 years (30-49), and the median length of injury was 3 cm (0.7-7). Among 13 @entity1 with @entity130 recognized during surgery, 10 @entity1 @entity130 were repaired primarily with interrupted absorbable sutures without converting laparotomy, 1 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection with Endo-GIA, 1 underwent open primary repair, and 1 underwent open low anterior resection. Two @entity130 were detected after surgery. One of these @entity1 underwent primary repair under laparotomy at day 4 after surgery. The other @entity1 had development of a @entity3622 requiring open segmental resection 30 days after primary laparoscopy despite conservative management, including percutaneous drainage and prophylactic antibiotics. CONCLUSION: @entity130 during laparoscopy in the gynecologic field can be repaired successfully without the need for a colostomy regardless of mechanism of injury and the size of injury if adequate rectal tissue is available and recognized during surgery.

title: Management and outcome of XXXX during gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal injury', 'injuries', 'rectal injuries', 'accidental rectal injury']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['rectal injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Radiotherapy (RT) has been used for many years in order to complete the cure of unsuccessfully operated acromegalic @entity1 . Several studies have shown its efficacy in normalizing GH levels, while reports about @entity442 normalization are conflicting. Moreover, data regarding other markers of disease activity, such as @entity2301 and @entity2777 ( @entity2777 ), i.e. the other two components of the circulating 150 kDa complex, are lacking. DESIGN: Retrospective study. @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: Sixty-seven acromegalic @entity1 (20 males and 47 females, aged 40 +/- 6 years) who underwent postoperative RT (in fractionated doses for a total of 40-75 Gy) were followed-up for 11 +/- 6 years (range: 1-26 years, median: 10 years). Serum GH and @entity442 levels off medical therapy were measured in all @entity1 ; @entity2777 and @entity2301 were measured in 11 @entity1 with normalization of @entity442 concentrations. Computed tomography or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging periodically assessed possible development of @entity4611 along with imaging of the hypothalamic-pituitary region. RESULTS: Forty-one out of 67 @entity1 (58%) achieved GH levels < 2.5 microg/l by 1-15 years after RT (mean 8 +/- 6) and 37/67 @entity1 (55%) had normal or low @entity442 levels 1-26 years after RT (mean: 12 +/- 6), a normalization of both parameters being seen in 37 @entity1 . GH < 2.5 microg/l and normal @entity442 levels were achieved in 17/26 (65%) @entity1 followed-up for at least 15 years. @entity2777 and @entity2301 concentrations paralleled @entity442 levels in all @entity1 studied. With respect to secondary @entity4614 , acquired @entity16054 was found in 25 @entity1 , @entity1220 in 20, @entity7103 in 23 and @entity2338 in seven. In total, two cases of @entity1653 and one @entity979 , possibly related to RT, were seen 9-22 years after RT. CONCLUSIONS: RT is an effective, although slow-acting, therapeutic tool for @entity2012 , with 'safe' GH levels and normal @entity442 concentrations being achieved in 65% of @entity1 after 15 years. @entity442 levels normalize more slowly than GH levels. Radiotherapy is able to normalize the concentration of all three components of the circulating 150 kDa complex. Checks for loss of pituitary function and appearance of second @entity1313 must be carried out life-long.

title: Efficacy of radiotherapy in normalizing serum @entity442 , @entity2777 ( @entity2777 ) and @entity2301 levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity7103 :: ('MESH:C535764', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotropin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1220 :: ('MESH:D006964', 'Disease') :: ['TSH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal tumour']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary deficiency']

entities_list: @entity16054 :: ('MESH:C562707', 'Disease') :: ['ACTH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'acid-labile subunit']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reported strategies for void filling in bone include autograft, allograft, synthetic bone substitutes or various combinations of these materials, but poor response rates and donor morbidity have created a desire to find a better option. @entity77 as a stand-alone graft material reconstruct bone following curettage has not been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and radiological quality of healing, the time to healing, the functional outcomes and the complications following curettage and grafting using an injectable aqueous @entity77 (BonePlast; Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) as the sole grafting strategy. METHODS: The procedure of curettage and grafting with an aqueous solution of @entity77 was undertaken. The @entity1 were regularly reviewed clinically and radiologically for a minimum of 12 months (range: 12-85 months). Forty-six procedures in 46 @entity1 were reviewed. Radiological outcomes of healing were established and functional outcomes were obtained from each @entity1 at annual follow-up review. RESULTS: A complete response was seen in 38 @entity1 (83%) at a median of 6 months following the procedure (range: 1-24 months). Seven @entity1 (15%) displayed only a partial response after a median of 13 months post-surgery (range: 12-53 months). There was one non-response to treatment (2%) after 40 months of follow-up. The mean functional score was 99%. DISCUSSION: Aqueous @entity77 as a sole grafting agent for void management after curettage simplifies current treatment practices and displays good bone reconstruction in a comparatively short time frame, with excellent functional results and acceptable complication rates in the setting of @entity5 surgery.

title: Aqueous @entity77 as bone graft for voids following open XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity77 :: ('MESH:D002133', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium sulphate', 'calcium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['curettage of bone tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effectiveness of @entity96 ( @entity157 ) in the elderly. DESIGN: Comparison with younger @entity1 . SETTING: A municipal hospital and a large university hospital in Japan. @entity1 : The study included 39 @entity1 (age > or = 70 years [the elderly group]) and 229 @entity1 (age < 70 years [the younger group]) who underwent hepatic resection from April 1985 to March 1993. The preoperative clinical features ( @entity1 's classification, association of @entity82 and liver functions) were comparable between two groups. The positive rate for @entity10745 virus antibody was higher in the elderly group (88% vs 59%; P = .016). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and survival following operation and the pathological features of @entity157 . RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1578 was higher in the elderly group (10% vs 2%; P = .018). However, the incidence of @entity204 in the elderly group (5% vs 1%) as well as the incidence of other @entity260 and rates of long-term survival (75.9% vs 51.6% at 5 years) and disease-free survival (30.4% vs 31.0% at 5 years) were similar to those in the younger group. The pathological features of @entity157 were identical between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The outcome of surgical treatment of @entity157 in the elderly group was satisfactory when compared with that in the younger group.

title: Liver resection for XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic resection on hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis C']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['operative death']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Abnormal @entity141 -homeostasis is a hall-marked characteristic of the failing heart. In the normal myocardium, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a principal organelle that controls intracellular @entity141 concentration during the cardiac cycle. The SR consists of longitudinal and terminal cisternea regions. The former contains the @entity141 -ATPase pump or @entity16089 whose function is to transport cytosolic @entity141 into the lumen of the SR during diastole and whose activity is regulated by reversible phosphorylation of the endogenously SR-bound phospholamban ( @entity16088 ). The SR's terminal cisternea region contains @entity8452 -sensitive @entity141 -release channels (RR), the activity of which is regulated by direct and indirect reversible phosphorylation. These channels release the SR-stored @entity141 during contraction. We have shown that in left ventricular (LV) myocardium from @entity235 with coronary microembolization-induced @entity712 , ability of the SR to sequester and release @entity141 during the cardiac cycles is impaired. This abnormality was associated with reduced expression (protein and mRNA) levels of @entity141 -ATPase, @entity16088 , and reduced @entity16088 phosphorylation. Long-term therapy with the Acorn Cardiac Support Device (CSD) is associated with restoration of the ability of the SR to sequester @entity141 . This improvement in SR function following chronic CSD therapy was due primarily to increased affinity of the @entity16089 for @entity460 . The later was associated with (1) increased phosphorylation of @entity16088 at @entity563 16 and @entity1889 17, (2) unchanged protein expression of @entity16088 and (3) unchanged protein expression of @entity16089 in LV myocardium of CSD-treated @entity235 compared to controls. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of the CSD in modulating SR @entity460 cycling in an experimental @entity235 model of chronic @entity712 produced by multiple sequential intracoronary microembolizations.

title: Improvement of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum XXXX cycling in @entity235 with @entity712 following long-term therapy with the Acorn Cardiac Support Device.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The chromosomes of 12 adult @entity1 with @entity3052 were analyzed by conventional means and by Giemsa and centromeric banding techniques. @entity3052 was diagnosed in 7, @entity6040 in 2, and @entity3052 in 3. Bone marrow was aspirated from @entity1 when in relapse or remission, and both euploid and aneuploid cells were examined. All @entity1 showed trisomy no. 9 and many showed additional numerical or structural changes in some or all their cells. These changes included monosomy no. 21 and/or monosomy no. 8. The proportion of trisomy no. 9 cells was 30-50% in @entity1 in full remission and up to 100% in @entity1 in relapse; thus trisomy no. 9 might be an important marker of leukemic cells. A mechanism was proposed to explain the induction and selection of the trisomy no. 9 karotype.

title: Cytogenetic basis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6040 :: ('MESH:D015479', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute undifferentiated leukemia', 'Acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is the angiogenic growth factor most strongly implicated in @entity5 angiogenesis. Its special role in the pathophysiology of @entity43 emerges from its dual functional capability as an endothelial cell mitogen and a potent stimulator of vascular permeability, leading to the characteristic ascites accumulation in this disease. The aim of our study was to analyze the prognostic value of serum @entity7 (sVEGF) as a @entity5 marker in @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 41 @entity1 with @entity43 were included in the study. @entity1503 was taken from all @entity1 preoperatively. From 15 @entity1 an additional postoperative blood sample was drawn. sVEGF was measured in duplicate using a commercially available ELISA-kit. RESULTS: The mean sVEGF level for the @entity43 @entity1 was 522 +/- 321 pg/ml (SD) (median: 440; range: 55-1263 pg/ml) No statistically significant correlation could be found between sVEGF concentration and age, histologic type or FIGO-stage. sVEGF values four weeks after surgery were significantly lower than those before treatment (p = 0.002). In @entity1 after radical surgery sVEGF values dropped or stayed stable below the cut-off more often than in @entity1 with @entity66 . In the univariate analysis, improved overall survival (OS) was found for @entity43 @entity1 with a sVEGF below the cut-off value of 440 pg/ml (p = 0.017). sVEGF was also tested in a multivariate analysis together with @entity66 and FIGO-stage using the Cox's proportional hazard model. In the final model only @entity66 had an independent influence on OS (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: sVEGF levels decrease significantly after cytoreductive therapy and might indicate treatment efficiency. According to our study, sVEGF is not an independent prognosticator of survival for @entity43 .

title: Prognostic relevance of serum XXXX in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Venous blood']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many screening instruments for the diagnosis of @entity303 are not education and culture fair. In addition, despite good sensitivity and specificity, they result in unacceptable levels of false positives when used in the community. This study aimed to develop appropriate instruments for populations with low literacy and to consider strategies to reduce the false positive rates in low prevalence settings. METHODS: Activities of daily living, which are not influenced by education and culture, were used to develop a @entity1 screen and an informant version to identify @entity1 with @entity303 . The instruments were validated in the hospital and in the community setting against the standards of DSM-IV and the education-adjusted 10/66 @entity303 Research Group diagnosis of @entity303 . RESULTS: The instruments were administered to 90 @entity1 attending a hospital and 101 subjects living in the community in Vellore, South India. The psychometric properties and inter-rater reliability of these screening instruments were good. While the sensitivity and specificity of the @entity1 screen and the informant version were good their false positive rates were high in the community setting. However, the false positive rates reduced when these instruments were used in combination. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 screen and the informant version are short culture- and education-fair instruments. They reduce false positive rates, when used in combination in the community.

title: The Vellore screening instruments and strategies for the diagnosis of XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether baseline hand @entity1269 assessed by the Chedoke-McMaster Assessment influences functional improvement after botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections and postinjection therapy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Outpatient @entity508 clinic. @entity1 : @entity1 (N=14) with @entity1269 divided into 2 groups: Chedoke-McMaster Assessment Hand-Higher Function (stage> or =4, n=5) and Chedoke-McMaster Assessment Hand-Lower Function (stage=2 or 3, n=9). INTERVENTIONS: Upper-limb BTX-A injections followed by 6 weeks of postinjection therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were Motor Activity Log-28 and Motor Activity Log items. Secondary outcomes were Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Motor Activity Log-Self-Report, and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Measures were assessed at baseline (preinjection), 6 weeks, 9 weeks, and 12 weeks postinjection. RESULTS: Primary and secondary outcomes improved significantly over time in both groups. Although no significant differences in ARAT or MAS change scores were noted between groups, Chedoke-McMaster Assessment Hand-Higher Function group demonstrated greater change on Motor Activity Log-28 (P=.013) from baseline to 6 weeks and Motor Activity Log items (P=.006) from baseline to 12 weeks compared to Chedoke-McMaster Assessment Hand-Lower Function group. CONCLUSIONS: BTX-A injections and postinjection therapy improved hand function and reduced @entity508 for both @entity177 Assessment Hand-Lower Function groups. Clinicians should expect to see larger gains for @entity1 with less baseline impairment.

title: Effect of baseline XXXX on recovery of upper-limb function following botulinum toxin type A injections and postinjection therapy.

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['spastic hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chedoke-McMaster Assessment Hand-Higher Function and Chedoke-McMaster']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['spastic hemiparesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With a rapidly ageing population and increasing life expectancy, programs directed at improving the mental health and quality of life (QOL) of older @entity1 are extremely important. This issue may be particularly relevant in the aged-care residential sector, where very high rates of @entity308 and poor QOL are evident. This study aims to investigate the fixed and modifiable risk factors of @entity458 and QOL in a cohort of Australians aged 60 and over living in residential and community settings. METHODS: The study examined the relationship between demographic, health and lifestyle factors and the outcome variables of self-reported QOL and @entity458 ( @entity7434 scores) based on data from 626 Australians aged 60 and over from the 45 and Up Study dataset. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses (performed on a subset of 496) examined risk factors related to @entity458 and QOL adjusting for age and residential status. RESULTS: Significant @entity458 was experienced by 15% of the residential sample and 7% of the community sample and in multivariate analyses was predicted by older age, more functional limitations, more time spent sleeping and lower levels of social support (accounting for 18% of the variance). Poorer QOL was predicted by more functional limitations and greater levels of @entity458 . Together these variables accounted for 35% of the variance in QOL ratings. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity458 was more common in residential settings, programs targeting modifiable risk factors have the potential to improve QOL and reduce @entity458 in older @entity1 living in both residential and community settings. In particular, promoting health and mobility, optimising sleep-wake cycles and increasing social support may reduce levels of @entity458 and improve QOL.

title: Psychological distress and quality of life in older XXXX : relative contributions of fixed and modifiable risk factors.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: The presented new endoscopic surgical technique offers a safe and successful approach for treatment of @entity5142 due to @entity2883 . OBJECTIVE: @entity5142 is a potentially limiting and complex condition among @entity1 with @entity2883 . It causes various symptoms and often requires interventional therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new endoscopic submucosal technique. METHODS: Altogether 13 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5142 due to @entity2883 were treated with a new endoscopic technique. The procedure was carried out endoscopically, removing the stenotic part submucosally, sealing back the raised mucosal flap, and the bare areas were soaked with @entity1138 . Follow-up telephone interviews were carried out and hospital records were reviewed. RESULTS: @entity1 included 3 males and 10 females, with an average age of 37.5 years. A total of 37 procedures were performed, with an average of 2.8 procedures per @entity1 . There was a statistically significant reduction in the all symptoms related to the stenoses (p < 0.05). Mean follow-up period was 3.5 years (range 1.5-6.5 years). Overall success rate was 85%. Only one @entity1 relapsed following adequate medical and surgical treatment. No perioperative mortality was recorded.

title: New treatment of @entity5142 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis', 'Subglottic stenosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic significance of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) involvement in @entity151 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 (1,370) with @entity151 were included in four consecutive clinical trials and classified as having either limited or extensive forms of disease using the Veterans Administration staging system. RESULTS: @entity1600 was present in 17% of @entity1 (n = 234). Median survival was 258 days for @entity1 with @entity1600 (n = 234) and 297 days for @entity1 without @entity1600 (n = 1136) (p = 0.002). @entity1600 involvement was correlated with the presence of distant metastases at baseline (169 vs 65, p = < 0.001). Median survival was 375 days for @entity1 with limited forms without @entity1600 (n = 529), 332 days for those with limited forms with @entity1600 (n = 65) (p = 0.12), 244 days for those with extensive forms without @entity1600 (n = 604), and 228 days for those with extensive forms with @entity1600 (n = 169) (p = 0.94). The 2-year survival rates were 17%, 12%, 2%, and 4%, respectively. Cox models confirmed that @entity1600 did not provide any significant additional prognostic information. CONCLUSION: @entity1600 is highly correlated with extensive forms explaining its overall prognostic value. In limited disease, @entity1600 is only a minor poor prognostic factor, not justifying any amendment to the staging system currently used.

title: Prognostic significance of supraclavicular lymph nodes in XXXX : a study from four consecutive clinical trials, including 1,370 @entity1 . "Petites Cellules" Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SCLN', 'supraclavicular lymph node']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the face of an @entity683 pandemic, accurate estimates of epidemiologic parameters are required to help guide decision-making. We sought to estimate epidemiologic parameters for @entity683 using data from initial reports of laboratory-confirmed cases. METHODS: We obtained data on laboratory-confirmed cases of @entity683 reported in the province of Ontario, Canada, with dates of symptom onset between Apr. 13 and June 20, 2009. Incubation periods and duration of symptoms were estimated and fit to parametric distributions. We used competing-risk models to estimate risk of hospital admission and case-fatality rates. We used a Markov Chain Monte Carlo model to simulate disease transmission. RESULTS: The median incubation period was 4 days and the duration of symptoms was 7 days. Recovery was faster among @entity1 less than 18 years old than among older @entity1 (hazard ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.44). The risk of hospital admission was 4.5% (95% CI 3.8%-5.2%) and the case-fatality rate was 0.3% (95% CI 0.1%-0.5%). The risk of hospital admission was highest among @entity1 less than 1 year old and those 65 years or older. Adults more than 50 years old comprised 7% of cases but accounted for 7 of 10 initial @entity204 (odds ratio 28.6, 95% confidence interval 7.3-111.2). From the simulation models, we estimated the following values (and 95% credible intervals): a mean basic reproductive number (R0, the number of new cases created by a single primary case in a susceptible population) of 1.31 (1.25-1.38), a mean latent period of 2.62 (2.28-3.12) days and a mean duration of infectiousness of 3.38 (2.06-4.69) days. From these values we estimated a serial interval (the average time from onset of infectiousness in a case to the onset of infectiousness in a @entity1 infected by that case) of 4-5 days. INTERPRETATION: The low estimates for R0 indicate that effective mitigation strategies may reduce the final epidemic impact of @entity683 .

title: Estimated epidemiologic parameters and morbidity associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'pandemic H1N1 influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['pandemic H1N1 influenza']


abstract: In this review of current pertinent literature from the fields of @entity5 epidemiology, oncology, health services research, and geriatrics, we describe the epidemiology and unique features of @entity0 and its victims in old age. In addition, we review the current evidence regarding treatment efficacy (i.e., beneficial under ideal circumstances) and effectiveness (i.e., beneficial under usual circumstances) in relation to @entity5 management and the use of adjuvant therapy in early stage disease and outline the challenges associated with studying @entity0 care in older @entity1 (> or = 65 years of age). Comorbidity, impaired functional status, lack of social support, and differences in host physiology are among the many factors that influence treatment efficacy and effectiveness, making extrapolation of study findings from younger to older @entity1 questionable. Indeed, with the exception of studies of adjuvant @entity440 therapy, none of the clinical trials supporting the 1990 National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer guidelines have included @entity1 over the age of 70 years. Because (a) @entity0 is becoming increasingly common in old age and (b) health-related quality of life is frequently more important to older @entity1 than is risk of recurrence or @entity204 , all three aspects (surgical management of the @entity5 , postoperative irradiation, and axillary lymph node dissection) of recommended primary treatment deserve fresh scrutiny. The value of adjuvant chemotherapy has yet to be defined. Substantial variations in @entity0 , treatment, and care exist, and these differences become greater with increasing age of the @entity1 . However, evidence regarding the reasons for these variations and their relationships with subsequent outcomes is lacking. Challenges for investigators in studies of older @entity1 include recruitment into studies, collection of reliable data from interviews or surveys, measurement of disease severity and comorbidity, and selection of relevant outcomes. Given current uncertainty about optimal treatment, clinicians can best serve older @entity1 with early stage @entity0 by involving them in decision-making, taking into account available efficacy data, and individualizing care on the basis of such factors as comorbidity, social support, functional status, and @entity1 preferences for outcomes. Future studies of treatment efficacy in older @entity1 should examine the roles of radiation therapy and axillary lymph node dissection that follow breast-conserving therapy and should focus on quality of life in addition to recurrence and mortality. Less aggressive treatments, @entity440 therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy should also be evaluated.

title: XXXX care in old age: what we know, don't know, and do.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inherited mutations in the @entity5345 gene confer a high risk of @entity5344 in some families. To determine the contribution of @entity5345 mutations to @entity43 in the general population, we analyzed DNA samples from a consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity43 seen at one center. METHODS: We studied 374 @entity1 who received a diagnosis of @entity43 before the age of 70 years and were treated at the Royal Marsden Hospital between July 1993 and September 1995. Genomic DNA was analyzed by multiplex heteroduplex analysis. Variants were further identified by sequencing. RESULTS: Probable germ-line @entity5345 mutations were identified in 13 of the 374 @entity1 (3 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 2 to 6 percent). Six of the variants have not been described previously. Of the 13 mutations, 12 are predicted to result in a truncated protein product. An additional variant results in an in-frame deletion just outside the putative @entity219 -finger domain. Nine of the 12 @entity1 with truncating mutations had family histories of @entity5344 or both. CONCLUSIONS: Assuming that our method has a sensitivity of 70 percent, mutations in @entity5345 occur in approximately 5 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 8 percent) of @entity1 in whom @entity43 is diagnosed before the age of 70 years.

title: Contribution of @entity5345 mutations to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast or ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity4538 ) infections are frequently observed as well in immunocompetent as in immunocompromised @entity1 . Diagnostic techniques for HCMV detection have greatly improved during the recent years. Detection of HCMV by culture has been bettered by centrifugating samples in a shell vial and by using monoclonal antibody to the immediate early antigen. Detection of antigens in leucocytes was facilitated by using whole blood instead of leucocytes separated by dextran sedimentation. Detection of HCMV recently sharpened by using molecular biology methods mainly based on the detection of the genome. Under certain circumstances, and especially in pregnant @entity1 , diagnosis of @entity2803 is essentially based on the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies. However, as IgM antibody is not a marker of @entity281 , complementary tests are needed to help in the datation of the @entity281 . Among them, the measurement of IgG avidity greatly improved the diagnosis of @entity281 . In immunocompromised @entity1 , very sensitive techniques are needed to diagnose @entity2803 . Detection of antigenemia and HCMV DNA are the methods of choice for an early detection of the @entity281 . Diagnosis of HCMV-organ diseases largely depends on the infected organ and the presence of HCMV in the organ is, sometimes, difficult to interpret. Today, diagnosis of @entity281 is possible by detecting HCMV in the amniotic fluid. However, in order to reliably detect HCMV, amniocentesis must be performed after 21 week's gestation and at least 6 weeks after seroconversion. As all @entity2803 do not induce disease, prognostic markers are needed, as well in immunocompromised @entity1 as in fetuses. Many studies were conducted in immunocompromised @entity1 to find prognostic markers of @entity2803 in order to introduce preemptive therapy when needed. It seems that quantitative determination of HCMV DNA could be very useful to predict @entity66 . Qualitative determination of mRNA could also be useful as a prognostic marker of @entity66 . Determination of viral genotypes is more controversial. As for the infected fetuses, little was published about the prediction of sequelae. Some factors, such as viral load in amniotic fluid or in fetal blood or level of IgM antibody in fetal blood, may be predictive of sequelae, but these data require further studies.

title: Diagnosis and prognostic markers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['HCMV infection', 'HCMV infections']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HCMV disease']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infections', 'infection', 'congenital infections', 'primary infection']

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['HCMV infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens are active against metastatic @entity0 ; however, benefits are modest and overall prognosis remains limited. For @entity4349 and @entity3907 -pretreated metastatic @entity0 , there remains a relative paucity of therapies with significant activity. This Phase II study evaluated the combination of @entity416 and @entity901 (XELOX) among @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 being treated in the first- or second-line setting. METHODS: @entity1 received @entity901 85 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 15, and @entity416 1,500 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-7 and 15-21 of a 28-day cycle. @entity1 were treated until progression or intolerable @entity137 . The primary objective was to estimate the objective response rate by the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) criteria with @entity5 assessments every 8 weeks. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were treated of which 3 had received prior neurotoxic therapy in the metastatic setting. There were no confirmed complete responses, 5 @entity1 had partial response, 4 @entity1 had stable disease for at least 24 weeks, and one @entity1 was unevaluable. Median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 10.4 months (95% lower confidence bound [LCB]: 5.75 months), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14.2 months (95% LCB: 6.14 months), and median overall survival (OS) was 19 months (95% LCB: 12.8 months). Multiple @entity1 experienced @entity158 syndromes and @entity16 . Other common @entity137 included @entity1295 , @entity294 , and @entity390 . CONCLUSIONS: XELOX is a promising regimen for @entity4349 -pretreated metastatic @entity0 although careful @entity1 selection is indicated and alternate dosing schedules should be explored to minimize neurologic morbidity.

title: XXXX and @entity901 in combination as first- or second-line therapy for metastatic @entity0 : a Wisconsin Oncology Network trial.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['unusual neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['Capecitabine']


abstract: Intercellular communication mediated by cell surface antigens is important in the maintenance of synovial tissue (ST) integrity. @entity32 is a common feature of @entity571 ( @entity571 ). Cellular attachment to and migration into ST is one of the critical aspects of @entity32 . This study was undertaken to examine the tissue distribution of a broad spectrum of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) containing tetraspan antigens ( @entity6460 , @entity5775 , @entity33108 ), endothelial cell antigens ( @entity2279 , @entity4210 , CD105, @entity4725 , @entity9502 ), integrins (CD49a-f, @entity2393 , @entity1427 , @entity9615 , @entity1428 ), @entity13796 , @entity38770 , @entity3778 , @entity1289 and, @entity8206 supplied from fifth and sixth international workshops and conferences on @entity1 leukocyte differentiation antigens in a comparative manner in @entity1 @entity571 and normal synovium. Ten primary @entity571 @entity1 and six normal individuals were included in this study. The average age of the @entity1 was 65.0 +/- 8.3 years and the average age of the controls was 31.8 +/- 5.3 years. Sections were screened using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. Tetraspan antigens and @entity38770 presented rather unique staining pattern in @entity571 synovium suggesting special roles for each antigen on the @entity655 ( @entity655 ). Endothelial cells and type A synoviocytes expressed @entity2279 and @entity4210 in @entity571 , but only endothelium in normal subjects. Integrins presented a uniform staining pattern in both groups. There was a positive reaction in some of the ST stromal elements for @entity1289 in all specimens. In conclusion, @entity1 normal and @entity571 synovium were comparatively reviewed by a broad spectrum of mAbs with special attention being given to their functional aspects. This data suggests a significant difference in antigenic phenotype of @entity655 cells in @entity571 and ST not to be considered at a normal-like state in @entity571 . The fact that their activation was independent of the degree of lymphocyte infiltration further emphasizes the possible central importance of @entity655 .

title: Immunohistological analysis of normal and osteoarthritic XXXX synovial tissue.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['SLL', 'synovial lining layer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Cholinesterase inhibitors constitute one of few treatment options available for @entity195 , the most common cause of @entity303 . The modest effects and relatively high acquisition costs of these drugs make the health economics of @entity303 an important subject of study. Simulation models can be used to bring together existing data and make predictions of the long-term cost effectiveness of treatment. Most models have been built around cognitive function as a key parameter based on the observed relationship between cognitive function and costs of care. @entity1 with more severe disease attain higher total costs of care. Also, these @entity1 have a higher share of formal care costs than do @entity1 with mild disease, who are usually looked after by informal caregivers. The valuation of unpaid care is controversial, and the choice of method may affect results considerably. Another important issue is the measurement of health-related QOL in @entity1 with @entity195 . The few existing studies have used proxy respondents to elicit utility weights in different disease states; however, this methodology has not been validated. It is likely that the increased drug costs incurred by the use of cholinesterase inhibitors will be offset (at least partly) by savings in other healthcare costs. However, these results should be viewed as preliminary, since we are still awaiting data from long-term follow-up studies. Also, the value of treatment for @entity1 and caregivers in terms of QOL improvements has yet to be established.

title: Pharmacoeconomics of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the demographic profile of @entity101 @entity1 and the quality of care for @entity101 at a Cape Town @entity497 ( @entity497 ). DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Medium-sized @entity497 , attended by 1,098 @entity101 @entity1 during a 1-year period from 1 January 1992. OUTCOME MEASURES: Default rate--proportion of due visits not attended. Loss to follow-up--proportion of @entity1 persistently defaulting or not responding to recall. Frequency of blood pressure measurement--per 12 due visits. Compliance--proportion of @entity1 collecting > or = 75% of antihypertensive drugs. Blood pressure control--mean blood pressure of aggregated readings; and proportion controlled (< 160/95 mmHg) on the basis of all blood pressure readings and mean blood pressures of individual @entity1 with two or more readings during the study period. RESULTS: More than half (51.6%) of the @entity101 @entity1 were aged > or = 65 years; 81.7% were female. The default rate was between 11.9% and 19.4%. Compliance was high (76.9%). Loss to follow-up was 8.1%. Blood pressure was recorded a mean of 4.0 times per 12 due visits. There were no significant gender differences with regard to these measures. Mean blood pressure was 158.3/89.6 mmHg. Over half (56.7%) of all individual readings over the year were uncontrolled and 51.4% of @entity1 were found to be uncontrolled when categorised by their mean blood pressure. Control was significantly poorer among @entity1 > or = 65 years. CONCLUSION: We found better compliance, more frequent blood pressure measurement, and lower defaulting and loss to follow-up compared with previous South African studies in similar settings. Despite this, blood pressure control was mediocre. Possible explanations for this are discussed. The low proportion of male @entity101 attending the @entity497 suggests that the accessibility or acceptability of care is poor for this group. The study illustrates the potential for research in this setting and for the use of computers to monitor the quality of primary care.

title: @entity101 care at a Cape Town XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CHC', 'community health centre']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community health centre']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between group A beta @entity2142 (GABHS) and @entity1765 in @entity1 . METHODS: This is a case-control study that was conducted in @entity1 and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Isfahan, Iran, between May 2008 and February 2009. Thirty-six @entity1 (aged 5-15) with @entity1775 and 36 @entity1 without @entity1775 and @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) were investigated for clinical and laboratory signs of GABHS. The tools utilized in this research were clinical interview according to the DSM IV-TR and laboratory tests (throat culture, rapid antigen detection test [RADT], anti streptolysin O [ASO] and yale global tics severity scale [YGTSS]). The control group was of the same gender and age as the @entity1775 group who had come to the clinic for other illnesses and was in need of blood test. None of the subjects in the case and control groups had a clinical history of @entity281 . RESULTS: The relationship between @entity1765 and @entity281 (if any of these laboratory tests takes place: throat culture, RADT, @entity12260 > or = 250) in the @entity1775 group was 16 (44.4%) and in the control group was 9 (25%), there were significant differences (p<0.05). No significant correlation was found between ASO titer and YGTSS scores. The specificity of RADT was 100%. CONCLUSION: The result showed correlation between @entity281 and @entity1765 , but it does not mean that @entity281 caused @entity1765 .

title: The evaluation of relationship between group A streptococcal infection with XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic disorder', 'tic disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['GABHS infection']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic streptococcus infection']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity1765 :: (MESH:D013981,Disease) :: ['tic disorders']


abstract: @entity25 @entity1353 is a spectrum of diseases that includes snoring, upper @entity1224 , @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Obstructive sleep @entity386 is a common @entity25 and is estimated to have an incidence of 24% in @entity1 and 9% in @entity1 . However, many authors believe that up to 93% of @entity1 and 82% of @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity27 remain undiagnosed. There is a strong link between @entity25 @entity1353 and @entity101 , believed to be due to @entity1949 , intermittent @entity519 , and increased sympathetic tone, which results in a higher mortality and morbidity rate among these @entity1 . It is therefore desirable to attempt to diagnose all @entity1 with @entity27 , to institute early treatment intervention, and to prevent development of @entity65 . The gold standard for diagnosing @entity27 remains the attended overnight level I polysomnogram. However, in view of the limited resources, including limited number of recording beds, high cost, long waiting lists, and labor requirements, many authors have explored the use of clinical predictors or questionnaires that may help to identify higher-risk @entity1 . Screening devices in the form of single or multiple channel monitoring systems have also been introduced and may represent an alternative method to diagnose @entity27 . The ideal screening device should be cheap, readily accessible, easily used with minimal instructions, have no risk or side effects to the @entity1 , and be safe and accurate. We review a variety of clinical predictive formulae and several screening devices available for the diagnosis of @entity27 .

title: XXXX : an evidence-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['and obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disordered', 'sleep disordered', 'sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway resistance syndrome']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Screening for obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic ablation of symptomatic @entity8 as minimally invasive therapeutic techniques have largely supplanted open surgical intervention for the treatment of symptomatic @entity8 . METHODS: The records of 32 consecutive adult @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic ablation of @entity8 (11 peripelvic, 21 parenchymal) were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 were symptomatic at presentation; 26 had a single cyst, 5 had two cysts, and 1 had four cysts. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 underwent a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach, and 12 @entity1 underwent a retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach. An average of 3.2 ports were used for each procedure, and no open conversions or transfusions were necessary. When comparing @entity1 with parenchymal and peripelvic cysts, statistically significant differences were noted in the mean operative time (164 versus 233 minutes, respectively; P = 0.003) and mean operative @entity190 (98 versus 182 mL, respectively; P = 0.04). Four @entity1 (13%) had complications (one major and three minor), including a persistent @entity1901 . One @entity1 with negative preoperative aspiration cytology and negative intraoperative frozen section analysis was later found to have @entity5 within the cyst wall, necessitating radical nephrectomy and trocar site excision. One @entity1 (3%) developed a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic ablation of symptomatic @entity8 is a safe and efficacious procedure. We report an overall complication rate of 13% and a recurrence rate of 3% with a mean follow-up of 18.1 months (median 10.0).

title: Laparoscopic ablation of symptomatic parenchymal and peripelvic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stricture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cysts']


abstract: @entity20072 are believed to inhibit oxidative stress. We investigated the protective effect of @entity8665 and egg yolk supplementation on systemic and retinal alterations in @entity6970 -deficient ( @entity6970 -/-) @entity19 , an experimental model of @entity1007 and @entity65 . Three-month-old wild-type and @entity6970 -/- @entity19 received one of the following: vehicle, @entity8665 (0.09 mg/kg per day) or egg yolk (0.8 g/kg per day), by gastroesophageal cannula for 3 months. Total @entity165 (TC), @entity1674 (TG) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were measured in plasma. TBARS levels were also determined in retinal homogenates. Ultrastructural morphology was analyzed by electron microscopy. @entity6970 -/- @entity19 , with increased TC and TG concentrations, had higher systemic (P<.05) and retinal (P<.01) levels of lipid peroxidation than wild-type strains. Electron microscopy showed ultrastructural alterations (basal laminar deposits, open intercellular junctions, increased cytoplasmic vacuoles) in the retinas from @entity6970 -/- @entity19 . Egg yolk significantly reduced plasma TG (P<.05) and, without changes in TC, decreased plasma lipid peroxidation (P<.05). @entity8665 supplementation marginally affected the parameters. Less severe retinal ultrastructural alterations were observed in @entity6970 -/- @entity19 receiving either egg yolk or @entity8665 . In the @entity6970 -/- @entity19 model, egg yolk improved the lipid profile and reduced systemic lipid peroxidation (P<.05). While @entity8665 and egg yolk did not seem to reduce retinal lipid peroxidation, a reduction in retinal ultrastructural alterations was observed.

title: Egg yolk improves lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and retinal abnormalities in a XXXX model of genetic hypercholesterolemia.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity20072 :: ('MESH:D002338', 'Chemical') :: ['Carotenoids']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8665 :: ('MESH:D014975', 'Chemical') :: ['lutein', 'Lutein']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Few studies have evaluated the incidence of @entity75 and @entity1796 occurring concomitantly. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the incidence of @entity75 of the talus (OLT) with peroneal tendon pathologic features according to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. A database search was conducted in the Department of Radiology at the Western Pennsylvania Hospital and Forbes Regional Campus for all MRI examinations ordered by attending physicians of the Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery from 2008 to 2010. A total of 810 MRI reports were reviewed, of which 198 contained a diagnosis of peroneal tendon pathologic features (e.g., @entity2762 , split tears) or OLT (i.e., chondral, @entity4 , cystic changes), or both. MRI scans were then reviewed to confirm the report findings and findings not identified in the report. A total of 76 @entity1 were identified as having an OLT. Of these 76 @entity1 , 49 had associated peroneal tendon pathologic features. MRI evaluation revealed that 49 (65.3%) of the 76 @entity1 with a talar dome lesion had concomitant peroneal pathologic features. Talar dome lesions with concomitant tears/ @entity924 of the peroneus brevis were associated in 14.6%. The incidence of an OLT with tears/ @entity2762 of the peroneus longus was 10.6%, because tears/ @entity924 of both peroneal tendons was present in 18.6%. @entity2762 of the brevis and longus were seen in 21.3% of those with an OLT. Our findings suggest the need for an increased level of suspicion for injuries to the lateral ankle ligaments, peroneal tendon complex, and @entity3681 when evaluating a @entity1 with ankle instability and @entity1118 .

title: Incidence of XXXX with concomitant peroneal tendon pathologic features: a magnetic resonance imaging evaluation.

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joint']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['talar dome lesions', 'osteochondral lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral, subchondral edema']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the peroneal tendons']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis', 'Tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['talar dome lesions']


abstract: A highly conserved DNA region extending over 5 kb was observed in @entity5858 bacteriophages. Comparative sequencing of one temperate and 26 virulent phages demonstrated in the most extreme case an 18% aa difference for a predicted protein, while the majority of the phages showed fewer, if any aa changes. The relative degree of aa conservation was not homogeneous over the DNA segment investigated. Sequence analysis of the conserved segment revealed genes possibly involved in DNA transactions. Three predicted proteins (orf 233, 443, and 382 gene product (gp)) showed @entity9953 binding motifs. Orf 443 gp showed in addition a DEAH box motif, characteristically found in a subgroup of helicases, and a variant @entity219 finger motif known from a @entity7683 helicase/primase. Tree analysis classified orf 443 gp as a distant member of the helicase superfamily. Orf 382 gp showed similarity to putative plasmid DNA primases. Downstream of orf 382 a noncoding repeat region was identified that showed similarity to a putative minus origin from a cryptic @entity5859 plasmid. Four predicted proteins showed not only high degrees of aa identity (34 to 63%) with proteins from @entity7878 phages, but their genes showed a similar topological organization. We interpret this as evidence for a horizontal gene transfer event between phages of the two bacterial genera in the distant past.

title: A highly conserved DNA replication module from XXXX phages is similar in sequence and topology to a module from @entity7878 phages.

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Species') :: ['S. thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity9953 :: ('CHEBI:17326', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside triphosphate']

answer: @entity5858 :: (1308,Species) :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Constipation is a common disorder in @entity1 , but little is known about its etiology. Rectal impedance planimetry determines segmental rectal cross-sectional area (CSA) and pressure, allowing detailed description of rectal motility. The aim of the present study was to compare rectal motility in healthy and constipated @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed data from 10 @entity1 (1 @entity1 ) with @entity1142 according to the Rome III criteria, mean age 8.8 years (standard deviation  1.2), and 10 healthy @entity1 (5 @entity1 ), mean age 9.9 years (standard deviation  1.5). CSA was determined at 3 levels (4, 5.5, and 7 cm from the anal verge). The resting rectal motility was recorded for 30 minutes followed by a distension protocol to assess compliance. Runs of phasic rectal contractions were defined as changes of >10% from baseline CSA and lasting at least 2 minutes. Rectal dimensions were expressed as mean CSA. RESULTS: A low-amplitude contraction pattern (3%-5% of baseline CSA) with a frequency of 6 to 8/minute was present in all of the @entity1 . There was significantly more time with phasic rectal contractions in constipated @entity1 (median 38%, range [0-100]) compared with healthy @entity1 (median 8.8%, range [0-57]) (P<0.05). The rectal CSA was higher in constipated @entity1 (median 1802 mm [range 1106-2948]) compared with healthy @entity1 (1375 mm [range 437-1861]) (P<0.05), but compliance did not differ (constipated: median 38 mm/ @entity2507 [range 12-86] vs healthy 33 mm/ @entity2507 [range 10-63]) (P=30). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1142 , we found phasic rectal contractions for a significantly longer period compared with healthy @entity1 , and their rectum is larger than normal.

title: Rectal motility in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: The ability of high-resolution MR imaging (1.5 T) to detect invasion of the cavernous sinuses by @entity977 was determined through a retrospective review of 74 @entity1 . These @entity1 were divided into three groups: 25 normal subjects, 24 subjects with invasive @entity977 , and 25 subjects with noninvasive @entity977 . A fourth group of 30 @entity1 , who subsequently underwent surgery for @entity977 , was evaluated prospectively by MR for the presence or absence of cavernous sinus invasion. Several features were analyzed: (1) the detectability of the medial and lateral dural margins of the cavernous sinus (2) the size and variation in intensity of compartments within the cavernous sinus (3) the relationship of endocrine function to the surgical and MR appearance of the cavernous sinus and (4) carotid artery displacement or encasement by @entity5 . The normal cavernous sinuses were usually symmetric, but their sizes varied. The lateral dural margin of the cavernous sinus was always recognized on MR as a linear, discrete, low-intensity area. The medial dural margin (pituitary capsule) was seen on MR in only two of the 25 normal @entity1 . In all 24 @entity1 with cavernous sinus invasion involvement was unilateral and was most common with laterally positioned prolactin or adrenocorticotropic hormone secretory @entity652 . Invasion of the cavernous sinus was suspected by MR in only two of the 13 invasive microadenomas and was questionable in three. In 10 of the 11 macroadenomas with surgically proved dural invasion, MR demonstrated an asymmetric increase in size and intensity of the superior and inferior cavernous sinus compartments. Noninvasive macroadenomas compressed and displaced the cavernous sinus bilaterally. The prospective MR evaluation of 30 @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity977 revealed a sensitivity for predicting cavernous sinus invasion of 55%, a specificity of 85.7%, a positive predictive value of 62.5%, and a negative predictive value of 81.8%. No feature permitted certain distinction between invasive and noninvasive microadenomas, as the medial dural wall of the cavernous sinus could not be reliably identified. The most specific sign of cavernous sinus invasion was carotid artery encasement.

title: MR imaging of cavernous sinus involvement by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor', 'pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: The relationship of plasma @entity1063 levels to the adaptational changes in ventricular-load coupling were studied at rest and during exercise in subjects with variably depressed ventricular function. Peak body @entity26 consumption (VO2) and gas exchange anaerobic threshold (ATge) were measured to assess exercise capacity. Ventricular contractile properties were expressed by the slope (Ees) of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation and mechanical arterial properties were expressed by the slope (Ea) of the end-systolic pressure- @entity64 volume relation. Resting plasma @entity1063 was significantly elevated in @entity1 with severe @entity712 (New York Heart Association class III, IV) and correlated well with the magnitude of reduction in peak VO2 and ATge. In these @entity1 , Ea/Ees ratio was also increased and correlated with the levels of resting plasma @entity1063 . Although pump efficiency of the left ventricle progressively fell with the development of @entity712 , @entity64 volume was maintained within normal range by virtue of a compensatory increase in end-diastolic volume. Sympathetic activity was much higher in anaerobic exercise than in aerobic exercise. However, Ees (ventricular contractility) remained at the same value throughout the exercise period. Thus, an increase in @entity64 volume during anaerobic exercise was caused more by an increase in end-diastolic volume than by an enhanced contractility. Our results suggest that the level of resting plasma @entity1063 can be a good predictor of the modulation of ventricular-load coupling in @entity1 with @entity712 and that when contractile reserve is decreased, the Frank-Starling mechanism plays an important role in the control of @entity64 volume.

title: Relationship of plasma @entity1063 to ventricular-load coupling in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: AIM: To assess the effectiveness of a tailored pre-operative intervention for excessive @entity167 consumption in reducing post-operative complications and @entity167 consumption thereafter. METHODS: @entity1 scheduled for elective surgery requiring at least overnight hospitalisation were screened for @entity167 misuse. Consenting, eligible @entity1 with > or =7 days to surgery at the time of screening were offered an intervention and those with <7 days to surgery were provided usual care. RESULTS: Over a period of 2 years and 10 months, 3139 @entity1 were screened to recruit 136 @entity1 . Baseline analysis revealed a mean age of 53 (+/-15.8) years and a mean consumption of 71 g/day (+/-48.1). The intervention group (n = 45) did not differ significantly from controls (n = 91) in age, consumption, and number of current smokers, but there were significantly more @entity1 in the control group. There was no difference between the groups in major or minor complications experienced, or length of stay after controlling for age, gender, and baseline consumption. At 6-month follow-up there was a significant reduction in drinking for the entire study population. CONCLUSION: The study did not demonstrate any beneficial effect of the pre-operative intervention on post-operative complications. The relatively short time to surgery, intervention by a non-member of the surgical team, challenges to recruitment and reduced consumption in the control group may have limited the ability of the study to detect a significant effect of the intervention.

title: The effectiveness of a tailored intervention for excessive XXXX consumption prior to elective surgery.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']