abstract: BACKGROUND: When @entity8577 ( @entity2786 ) is assessed by echocardiography, right heart morphology is always considered. The goal of this study was to evaluate how right heart geometry changes with increasing right ventricular pressure load. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data from @entity1 undergoing transthoracic echocardiography with subsequent right heart catheterization within a time period of 6 months were retrospectively analysed. First, Spearman-rho coefficients between mean @entity2786 and right heart parameters were calculated. Second, the population was divided into tertiles according to mean @entity2786 and Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis between variables was performed. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 (23 female, median age 77 years, IQ range 63-83) were selected. Mean @entity2786 (median 27 mmHg, IQ range 24-36), right atrial (RA) dilatation (median 1, IQ range 0-2), @entity997 ( @entity997 ) severity (median 1.5, IQ range 0-2) and right ventricular (RV) dilatation (median 0, IQ range 0) were included. Significant correlations with mean @entity2786 were found for @entity384 (rho = 0.380; P = 0.005) and @entity997 severity (rho = 0.294; P = 0.032). No correlation with @entity1001 could be shown (rho = 0.241; P = 0.081). Across the tertiles [(1) mean @entity2786 25 mmHg; (2) mean @entity2786 26-30 mmHg; (3) mean @entity2786 > or = 31 mmHg)], variance analysis showed a significant increase in @entity384 (P = 0.009) and @entity997 severity (P = 0.040). No change in @entity1001 across groups was observed (P = 0.216). CONCLUSIONS: @entity384 and @entity997 severity significantly increase with increasing RV pressure load. No increase in @entity1001 was observed in the studied population. Hence, absence of @entity1001 does not exclude the presence of elevated @entity2786 .

title: Right heart morphology in XXXX : relationship between echocardiographic and right heart catheterization data.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['RA dilatation']

entities_list: @entity8577 :: ('MESH:D065627', 'Disease') :: ['elevated pulmonary artery pressure']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TI', 'tricuspid insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['RV dilatation']

answer: @entity8577 :: (MESH:D065627,Disease) :: ['elevated pulmonary artery pressure']


abstract: Symptoms occur late in @entity201 and therefore only about half of the @entity1 at the time of diagnosis are candidates for curative surgery. In @entity1 with advanced @entity201 palliative treatment options are limited. Until now, insertion of endoprostheses for the treatment of @entity1448 has been the method of choice. However, @entity5 growth cannot be influenced and so that prognosis is dismal. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy are frequently used, prospective, randomized trials showing an improvement in survival time are missing. Encouraging results from prospective, single-arm phase II trials and a randomized trial using photodynamic therapy (PDT) in @entity201 indicate considerable benefit on survival with a good quality of life. Furthermore, PDT is well tolerated, with only few specific side-effects. This is of great importance in @entity1 with short life expectancy. PDT should therefore be offered to all @entity1 with @entity201 . However, before initiating PDT or any other palliative measure, a proper staging and a surgical consultation is necessary to avoid missing a curative surgical option.

title: Photodynamic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'non-resectable cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of @entity548 for @entity1 with @entity101 in our group comprised an esophagogastric devascularization procedure with splenectomy (EGDS). There are two different kinds of postoperative follow-up: prophylactic or on-demand endoscopic program of varices eradication. This program implies risks and costs and only proves necessary in 6-29% of cases. This study was designed to assess portal vein Doppler ultrasound data in these @entity1 , and to verify correlations with progression in the number and size of varices, as well as the appearance of red spots and rebleeding during the postoperative period after EGDS. METHODS: Data on portal vein Doppler ultrasound from 146 @entity1 with @entity101 and previous history of upper digestive bleeding due to esophagogastric varices rupture was analyzed. All subjects underwent EGDS and were analyzed before and after the procedure and compared postoperatively at four time points: 1 year, 2 years, up to 5 years, and up to 10 years. The following portal hemodynamic parameters were analyzed: diameter and mean blood flow velocity. Variceal size and number, presence of red spots, and rebleeding were all determined by endoscopic examination. @entity1 were divided into two groups at the each of the four time points, according to esophagogastric varices progression. RESULTS: @entity1 with variceal progression had significantly higher values of portal blood flow velocity. At time points I, II, III, and IV, the measured flow velocity from first postoperative year was 17.64 +/- 4.84 vs. 13.81 +/- 5.61 (p = 0.025); 16.74 +/- 4.8 vs. 13.75 +/- 5.8 (p = 0.039); 16.01 +/- 5.00 vs. 13.23 +/- 5.86 (p = 0.036); and 16.01 +/- 5.00 vs. 13.23 +/- 5.86 (p = 0.036), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity101 submitted to EGDS who had portal blood flow velocity >15.5 cm per second at the first postoperative year ha d progression of esophagogastric varices and a greater chance of rebleeding and, therefore, should be included in the endoscopic program for varices eradication.

title: Doppler ultrasound could predict varices progression and rebleeding after portal XXXX surgery: lessons from 146 EGDS and 10 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomal portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhagic complications']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Insulin binding to its receptor stimulates a @entity669 -specific protein kinase. This enzyme phosphorylates the @entity8683 , as well as a variety of exogenous substrates in vitro. In the present studies, we have identified an endogenous substrate for the @entity8683 -associated kinase. We studied insulin-stimulated protein phosphorylation in partially purified @entity8683 preparations from the livers of @entity619 -treated @entity35 . In this cell-free system, insulin stimulated the phosphorylation of its own receptor as well as of a phosphoprotein of apparent Mr = 120,000 (termed @entity9356 ). @entity9356 was not immunoprecipitated by three anti-receptor antisera, nor was the receptor immunoprecipitated by antisera raised against @entity9356 , suggesting that @entity9356 is not antigenically related or tightly bound to the @entity8683 . Dose-response curves for receptor and @entity9356 phosphorylation stimulated by pork insulin were essentially identical, and showed the appropriate specificity (insulin much greater than proinsulin) for a receptor-mediated event. @entity13269 analysis revealed that insulin stimulated the incorporation of 32P predominantly into @entity669 residues of @entity9356 . Casein, an artificial substrate for the @entity8683 kinase, competed with @entity9356 for insulin-stimulated phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of @entity9356 was rapid (half-maximal effect within 2 min at 24 degrees C) and, like receptor phosphorylation, was supported with @entity3281 or @entity1025 as divalent cation and @entity855 as the @entity1391 donor. While receptor autophosphorylation and artificial substrate phosphorylation were not altered by prior treatment of the @entity35 with @entity619 , insulin-stimulated @entity9356 phosphorylation was enhanced in preparations derived from @entity619 -treated @entity35 , suggesting an alteration of @entity9356 , not the receptor, as a result of @entity619 -treatment. Further studies of this newly identified endogenous substrate may help clarify the physiologic role of the @entity8683 -associated kinase.

title: An endogenous substrate for the @entity8683 -associated XXXX kinase.

entities_list: @entity13269 :: ('CHEBI:26051', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphoamino acid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: @entity1 admitted to the School of Dentistry, Stockholm, for treatment of @entity7278 during the years 1980-82 were retrospectively investigated with respect to their smoking habits. The investigation was designed as a case control study and covered all @entity1 30, 40, or 50 yr of age upon admission, in all 155. As control served a random sample of the Stockholm population. The periodontal variables under scrutiny were frequency of periodontally diseased teeth, frequency of periodontally diseased sites (probing depth greater than 4 mm), gingival index, and plaque index. The overall occurrence rate of smokers in the sample of cases was 56%, which is significantly greater than the population at large. This held true for all three age cohorts and for @entity1 as well as @entity1 . The risk ratio was 2.5, indicating more @entity66 among smokers. Further, significantly greater frequencies of periodontally involved teeth and diseased sites were found in smokers, indicating more severe disease among smokers. Gingival index and plaque index did not notably differ between smoking groups. The results suggest increased prevalence as well as severity in smokers. Smoking, therefore, should be considered a risk factor for @entity7278 .

title: Cigarette smoking as risk factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent disease']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontal disease']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontal disease']


abstract: The aim of this preliminary study is to explore the feasibility of incorporating superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) with @entity5731 ( @entity5731 ) for labeling and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of @entity1 @entity2220 cells. Endorem (5-200 microg/mL) was incubated with ASTC-a-1 cells in the presence of @entity5731 (1.5 microg/mL) for 0.5-24 h. The presence of SPIO in labeled cells was examined by Prussian blue stain. The effects of SPIO on cell proliferation, reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation and the mitochondria were also examined. In vitro MRI of SPIO- @entity5731 -labeled cells was performed using a clinical 1.5 T MRI system. The labeling efficiency of >99% could be achieved after incubating for 0.5 h with 25 microg/mL of SPIO in the presence of @entity5731 (1.5 microg/mL). Higher concentrations of SPIO (e.g. >50 microg/mL) could induce significant cell death, which might be mediated by changes in intracellular ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential. In vitro MRI showed the decrease in MRI signal intensity on T(1)WI, T(2)WI and T(2)*WI sequences. In conclusion, MRI can trace SPIO-labeled @entity5 cells according to changes in T(1)WI, T(2)WI and T(2)*WI sequences. It should be noted that at higher concentrations, SPIO can cause cell damage.

title: Study on ASTC-a-1 cells labeled with superparamagnetic XXXX and its magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['PLL', 'poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: @entity1 contain many HSP (heat-shock protein) 70/HSPA- and @entity6641 / @entity6642 -encoding genes and most of the corresponding proteins are localized in the cytosol. To test for possible functional differences and/or substrate specificity, we assessed the effect of overexpression of each of these HSPs on refolding of heat-denatured luciferase and on the suppression of aggregation of a non-foldable @entity2035 ( @entity2035 )-expanded @entity2034 fragment. Overexpressed chaperones that suppressed @entity2035 aggregation were found not to be able to stimulate luciferase refolding. Inversely, chaperones that supported luciferase refolding were poor suppressors of @entity2035 aggregation. This was not related to client specificity itself, as the @entity2035 aggregation inhibitors often also suppressed heat-induced aggregation of luciferase. Surprisingly, the exclusively heat-inducible @entity6643 lacks both luciferase refolding and @entity2035 aggregation-suppressing activities. Furthermore, whereas overexpression of @entity1878 protected cells from heat-induced cell death, overexpression of @entity6643 did not. Inversely, siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated blocking of @entity6643 did not impair the development of heat-induced thermotolerance. Yet, @entity6643 has a functional substrate-binding domain and possesses intrinsic ATPase activity that is as high as that of the canonical @entity1878 when stimulated by J-proteins. In vitro data suggest that this may be relevant to substrate specificity, as purified @entity6643 could not chaperone heat-unfolded luciferase but was able to assist in reactivation of heat-unfolded @entity876 . So, even within the highly sequence-conserved HSPA family, functional differentiation is larger than expected, with @entity6643 being an extreme example that may have evolved to maintain specific critical functions under conditions of severe stress.

title: The diverse members of the XXXX HSP70 machine show distinct chaperone-like activities.

entities_list: @entity2035 :: ('MESH:C097188', 'Chemical') :: ['polyQ', 'polyglutamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge about female sexual problems after pre- or postoperative (chemo-)radiotherapy and radical resection of @entity5 is limited. The aim of this study was to compare self-rated sexual functioning in @entity1 treated with or without radiotherapy ( @entity138 + vs. @entity138 -), at least two years after surgery for @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Female @entity1 diagnosed from 1993 to 2003 were identified from a national database, the Norwegian Rectal Cancer Registry. Eligible @entity1 were without recurrence or @entity3 at the time of the study. The Sexual function and Vaginal Changes Questionnaire (SVQ) was used to measure sexual functioning. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned from 172 of 332 invited and eligible @entity1 (52%). The mean age was 65 years (range 42-79) and the time since surgery for @entity5 was 4.5 years (range 2.6-12.4). Sexual interest was not significantly impaired in @entity138 + (n=62) compared to @entity138 - (n=110) @entity1 . @entity138 + @entity1 reported more vaginal problems in terms of vaginal dryness (50% vs. 24%), @entity546 (35% vs. 11%) and reduced vaginal dimension (35% vs. 6%) compared with @entity138 - @entity1 ; however, they did not have significantly more worries about their sex life. CONCLUSION: An increased risk of @entity546 and vaginal dryness was observed in @entity1 following surgery combined with (chemo-)radiotherapy compared with @entity1 treated with surgery alone. Further research is required to determine the effect of adjuvant therapy on female sexual function.

title: Sexual function in females after radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The acoustic @entity427 reflex (ASR) is inhibited by low intensity acoustic stimuli (prepulse inhibition; PPI) delivered prior to the @entity427 stimulus. PPI may reflect underlying sensorimotor processes involved in the filtering of exteroceptive stimuli for their cognitive or physiological relevance. @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) is a cognitive process in which pre-exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS) produces pro-active interference with the acquisition of an associative learning task. @entity9178 is thought to reflect a selective attention mechanism that contributes to an organism's ability to adjust its behavior to changing contingencies of reinforcement. In the present series of experiments, the ASR, PPI at three prepulse intensities (56, 68, and 80 dB), locomotor activity, and @entity9178 using an active avoidance paradigm were assessed in @entity19 bidirectionally selected from a heterogeneous stock for response (NR line) or nonresponse (NNR line) to neuroleptic-induced @entity8364 . A randomly selected line was used as the control. @entity19 from the NNR line displayed weak @entity427 responses and a complete absence of PPI. In contrast, the NR line displayed the largest ASR and the greatest PPI. The control line displayed ASRs and PPI values intermediate to the selected lines. Locomotor activity which is known to affect @entity9178 was lowest in the NR line but was similar in the NNR and control lines. In the @entity9178 paradigm, acquisition of the avoidance response was impaired in @entity19 from the NR and control lines that were pre-exposed to the auditory CS (normal response). In contrast, the acquisition of the avoidance response in the NNR line was similar in CS pre-exposed and CS non-pre-exposed animals. Overall, the results demonstrate that some of the same genetic factors which regulate neuroleptic response also play a significant role in PPI and @entity9178 .

title: @entity427 , prepulse inhibition, locomotion, and latent inhibition in the neuroleptic-responsive (NR) and neuroleptic-nonresponsive (NNR) lines of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'Latent inhibition']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['catalepsy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The present study was designed to investigate antinociceptive effect of @entity1246 agonists regarding visceral as well as somatic noxious stimuli. Following the approval by the institutional animal care committee, an intrathecal catheter was implanted in the subarachnoid space at the L 4/5 level in male @entity35 . The tail flick (TF) test and the colorectal distension test (CD) were used to measure responses to somatic and visceral stimuli, respectively. Threshold in TF test and CD test were measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after the intrathecal injection of 0.1, 1, 5, 20 micrograms of @entity6341 , 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 1 microgram of @entity1772 or normal saline. Percent of maximum possible effect (%MPE) and %area under the curve (%AUC) were calculated by transforming response threshold in TF and CD tests. Repeated measure ANOVA followed by Fisher's PLSD test were used for statistical analysis. @entity6341 0.1 microgram increased mean %MPE in TF test at 10 min to 15% but not in CD test. @entity6341 1, 5 and 20 micrograms significantly increased %MPE at 5 min in TF and CD tests. @entity6341 20 micrograms produced 100%MPE for 180 min after drug injection. @entity1772 0.1, 0.3 and 1 microgram significantly increased %MPE at 5 min in TF and CD test. Antinociceptive effect in TF test seems to be greater than that in CD test. @entity6341 caused motor disturbance but @entity1772 did not. It is concluded that intrathecally administered @entity6341 and @entity1772 produced somatic and visceral antinociception in a dose dependent fashion.

title: [Antinociceptive effects of intrathecally administered XXXX agonists at the spinal cord level].

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen', 'baclofen']

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['Muscimol', 'muscimol']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: The liver and the spleen are the organs in which cellular material and aged erythrocytes are eliminated from the blood. Within the liver, Kupffer cells (KCs) are mainly responsible for this task, as such KCs have a pivotal role in @entity68 metabolism. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes of hepatic gene expression in two models of KC phagocytosis. @entity2545 (GD) or zymosan was injected intraperitoneally into @entity35 and to endotoxin-resistant @entity19 (C3H/HeJ). The animals were killed at different time points and their livers were immediately frozen in liquid @entity1568 for RNA isolation and immunohistological studies. RNA was analyzed by real-time PCR and northern blot. Sera were used to measure transaminases, hepcidin and @entity68 levels. The expression of @entity68 metabolism genes, hepcidin, @entity2546 ( @entity2546 ), @entity2547 ( @entity2547 ) and of the inflammatory cytokines @entity777 , @entity635 , @entity637 and @entity60 was determined. Although phagocytosed material was detected in ED-1- and C1q-positive cells, no inflammatory cells were identified within the liver parenchyma. Serum levels of hepcidin, @entity68 and transaminases did not differ from those of control animals. Both GD and zymosan induced an upregulation of hepcidin-gene expression in @entity35 liver as early as 3 h, reaching a maximum 6 h after treatment. @entity2546 - and @entity2547 -gene expression was downregulated at the same time. @entity777 was by far the most induced acute-phase-cytokine in GD- and zymosan-treated livers, although @entity635 and @entity637 were also strongly upregulated by zymosan and to a lesser extent by GD. Similar results were obtained in the C3H/HeJ @entity19 excluding the possible role of contaminating endotoxin. This study shows that phagocytosis upregulates hepcidin-gene expression and downregulates @entity2546 - and @entity2547 -gene expression within the liver. These changes in @entity68 -regulating-gene expression may be mediated by the locally produced acute-phase-cytokines.

title: Phagocytosis of @entity2545 or zymosan induces simultaneous upregulation of hepcidin- and downregulation of XXXX - and @entity2547 -gene expression in @entity19 liver.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium chloride']

answer: @entity2546 :: (69585(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['hemojuvelin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term (5-27 years) functional and radiologic results of surgically treated tibial spine @entity174 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-four surgically treated consecutive @entity1 with 44 displaced tibial spine @entity174 were included in this study. All @entity174 were classified according to a modified Meyers and McKeever classification. There were 24 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 . The mean age at time of accident was 24 years (range 9-57 years). Sixteen @entity1 had an open physis at the time of @entity130 . There were 36 @entity1 with @entity174 and 8 with @entity174 . All @entity1 were seen for a 1-year follow-up, and 37 @entity1 (84%) were seen for a long-term follow-up visit. Functional results of these 37 @entity1 were graded using the Lysholm, SF-36, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities scores. Radiologic results were graded using the Ahlb  ck score. RESULTS: At 1-year follow-up, in all 44 @entity1 , the @entity174 was fully healed. One @entity1 (3%) needed revision of the osteosynthesis due to hardware failure, and in 1 @entity1 (3%), a @entity281 ( @entity625 ) developed that was treated by surgical irrigation. The median knee range of motion (ROM) after 1 year was 125 degrees (range 110-140 degrees). The ROM did not change significantly at long term. After a mean follow-up of 16 years (range 5-27 years), the median knee ROM was 130 degrees (range 115-140 degrees). As measured with an objective testing device, no statistically significant difference of anteroposterior stability between the injured and uninjured legs was found, with a mean difference of 1 mm (range -3.9 to 6.9 mm). The Lysholm score showed good to excellent results in 86% of the @entity1 ; the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities score showed a mean of 93 (range 40.63-100) points. The mean SF-36 general health score was 77 (24-99). The Ahlb  ck score showed a moderate development of secondary @entity571 in 2 of the 37 @entity1 (5%). The 16 @entity1 with an open physis at the time of the operation did not develop @entity893 at long term. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of tibial spine @entity174 offers the possibility to regain full stability of the knee joint and good long-term results after open reduction and internal fixation with low infection rates. Knee function is adequately restored in most @entity1 with a minimal risk of developing secondary @entity571 .

title: Tibial spine XXXX : a long-term follow-up study of open reduction and internal fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['purulent arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'isolated fractures', 'multiple fractures']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['axial malalignment']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection significantly affects mortality and morbidity in @entity9960 cases. Ventricular tap is the most common method performed to diagnose central nervous system (CNS) infection in @entity9960 @entity1 . However, the ventricular tap can cause serious @entity130 to the baby and to the family. Here we discuss the technique of taking a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample from the sac in @entity9960 cases. METHODS: The study comprised 24 @entity9960 @entity1 undergoing sac repair; 7 @entity1 in the early period and 17 in the late period (after the first 24 hours). CSF samples were taken from the sac and via ventricular tap. In all @entity1 ' samples, cell count and cultures were compared. RESULTS: In @entity1 who underwent early meningomyelocele repair there was no significant difference between sac and ventricular CSF. There were also no positive cultures in samples taken from both areas. In comparison, in the group submitted to late repair, the number of cells in the sac and ventricle CSF samples was over 10 in 4 of the 17 @entity1 . The cultures from CSF samples taken from both areas were positive for @entity526 . In 13 of 17 @entity1 who were admitted to our clinic for late repair, there was no significant difference between the number of cells in the sac and in ventricular samples. Cultures taken from these @entity1 were negative. CONCLUSION: Puncture of the sac represents a quicker and more convenient way to obtain CSF in @entity9960 cases. In addition, there was no increase in @entity158 to a level that would cause stress for the baby. A CSF sample can be taken from the sac for diagnosis of @entity4767 in @entity9960 @entity1 . This method, therefore, represents a safer and more comfortable option for both the @entity1 and doctor.

title: Diagnosis of @entity4767 by CSF sampling of the XXXX sac as an alternative to ventricular tap.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['CNS infection']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['myelomeningocele']

answer: @entity9960 :: (MESH:D008591,Disease) :: ['myelomeningocele']


abstract: The lymphocyte activation marker @entity5823 has been shown to be an excellent target for the immunotherapy of @entity1 @entity978 . In order to develop new potent immunotoxins (ITs) against @entity5823 , we chemically linked 6 recently described monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) via SMPT to deglycosylated ricin A-chain (dgA). Cross-blocking experiments demonstrated that these MAbs, termed Ki-2 to @entity12658 , recognize 3 different clusters on the @entity5823 antigen: Ki-2, @entity12659 , Ki-5 and @entity12658 recognize cluster A; Ki-6 recognizes cluster B; Ki-3 binds to cluster C. Staining of 29 sections of normal @entity1 organs revealed no major cross-reactivity of any MAbs tested. Binding to the @entity5823 antigen on @entity1 Cy Hodgkin cells was assessed by flow cytometry, and demonstrated high affinities for Ki-2, Ki-3 and @entity12659 . The concentration giving 50% of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI50) was 0.58 micrograms/ml to 0.78 micrograms/l. MAbs Ki-5, Ki-6, and @entity12658 bound much more weakly. The staining intensity of the MAbs correlated with the @entity137 of the corresponding ITs. Ki-2.dgA, ki-3.dgA and @entity12659 .dgA inhibited the protein synthesis of @entity1 Cy cells by 50% at concentrations (IC50) of 3.5 x 10(-10)M to 4.0 x 10(-11)M. The most effective IT, Ki-4dgA, is 5-fold more potent than previously reported @entity5823 ricin A-chain ITs. @entity12659 .dgA was subsequently used for the treatment of disseminated @entity1 @entity978 in a @entity915 @entity19 model. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity706 @entity19 was extended from 42 days in untreated controls to more than 132 days when @entity12659 .dgA was applied one day after @entity5 challenge. @entity12659 .dgA is a new potent IT suitable for further evaluation against @entity978 in @entity1 .

title: Development of new ricin A-chain immunotoxins with potent anti- XXXX effects against @entity1 Hodgkin cells in vitro and disseminated @entity5 in @entity915 @entity19 using high-affinity monoclonal antibodies directed against the CD30 antigen.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma-bearing SCID']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['mean survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity66 is generally benign but may be serious in case of septic complications. The most common complication of @entity697 is development of an abscess which can be located around the colon or in the pelvis. The diagnosis can be clinically suspected in case of non-response to medical management of severe @entity697 . Confirmation is obtained by conventional radiographic examinations and computerized tomography. This condition can be safely treated by percutaneous catheter drainage associated to antibiotics followed by an elective delayed single-stage operation without colostomy. Fistula occurs in 20% of the @entity1 who undergo surgery for @entity66 . @entity4570 is the most common type of spontaneous internal @entity292 . Routine evaluation may raise the suspicion of complication. Surgical management requires colonic resection and primary @entity254 . Complete obstruction secondary to @entity66 is uncommon and generally resolves with conservative management. However, some degree of ileus is frequent secondary to inflammatory changes of @entity4436 but should imperatively be differentiated from ileus observed in case of generalized @entity298 .

title: [Abscess, XXXX and occlusion of colonic diverticulosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticular disease', 'diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['Colovesical fistula']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) increase proton leakage across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Thereby, @entity1629 in brown adipose tissue dissipates proton motive force as heat. This mechanism of nonshivering thermogenesis is considered as a monophyletic trait of endothermic placental mammals that emerged about 140 million years ago and provided a crucial advantage for life in the cold. The paralogues @entity5912 and @entity13514 are probably not thermogenic proteins but convey mild uncoupling, which may serve to reduce the rate of mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species production. Both are present in endotherms (mammals and birds), but so far only @entity5912 has been identified in ectothermic vertebrates (fish and amphibia). The evolution of UCPs is of general interest in the search for the origin of @entity1 @entity1629 -mediated nonshivering thermogenesis. We here show the presence of @entity1629 and @entity13514 in ectothermic teleost fish species using comparative genomics, phylogenetic inference, and gene expression analysis. In the @entity7136 ( @entity7136 ), @entity1629 is predominantly expressed in the liver and strongly diminished in response to cold exposure, thus contrasting the cold-induced expression of @entity1 @entity1629 in brown adipose tissue. @entity13514 mRNA is only found in @entity7136 skeletal muscle with expression levels increased fivefold in response to fasting. Our findings disprove the monophyletic nature of @entity1629 in placental mammals and demonstrate that all three members of the core UCP family were already present before the divergence of ray-finned and lobe-finned vertebrate lineages about 420 million years ago.

title: Uncoupling protein 1 in fish uncovers an ancient evolutionary history of XXXX nonshivering thermogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp', 'common carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Work loss is a potential adverse consequence of @entity5 . There is limited research on patterns and correlates of paid work after diagnosis of @entity0 , especially among ethnic minorities. @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity0 diagnosed from June 2005 to May 2006 who reported to the Los Angeles County SEER registry were identified and asked to complete the survey after initial treatment (median time from diagnosis = 8.9 months). Latina and African American @entity1 were over-sampled. Analyses were restricted to @entity1 working at the time of diagnosis, <65 years of age, and who had complete covariate information (N = 589). The outcome of the study was missed paid work (<or=1 month, >1 month, stopped all together). Approximately 44, 24, and 32% of @entity1 missed <or=1 month, >1 month, or stopped working, respectively. African Americans and Latinas were more likely to stop working when compared with Whites [OR for stop working vs. missed <or=1 month: 3.0, 3.4, (P < 0.001), respectively]. @entity1 receiving mastectomy and those receiving chemotherapy were also more likely to stop working, independent of sociodemographic and treatment factors [ORs for stopped working vs. missed <or=1 month: 4.2, P < 0.001; 7.9, P < 0.001, respectively]. Not having a flexible work schedule available through work was detrimental to working [ORs for stopped working 18.9, P < 0.001 after adjusting for sociodemographic and treatment factors]. Many @entity1 stop working altogether after a diagnosis of @entity0 , particularly if they are racial/ethnic minorities, receive chemotherapy, or those who are employed in an unsupportive work settings. Health care providers need to be aware of these adverse consequences of @entity0 and initial treatment.

title: The impact of sociodemographic, treatment, and work support on missed work after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer diagnosis']


abstract: An 81-year-old @entity1 with @entity191 was admitted to our hospital with impaired function of all extremities. Four weeks before his symptoms developed, he had tripped on the steps, fallen and bruised his jaw. Following this episode he experienced a few more falls inside his house. On examination his greatest weakness was in the hands and wrists. He was hyper-reflexic in all extremities and had bilateral Babinski's sign. He could not walk and needed physical assistance in most of his daily living activities. X-ray films of the cervical spine showed significant degenerative changes. The magnetic resonance images suggested central cervical cord damage at the level of the C6 vertebral body. After three months' rehabilitation treatment, he became able to walk with a cane and became independent in all the basic activities of daily living except for @entity240 . He never regained skillful function of his hands despite later levodopa treatment of @entity191 . His clinical features were consistent with the central @entity602 , described by Schnneider and co-workers in 1954. This syndrome may occur as a result of @entity9389 , occasionally associated with an accidental fall in the elderly with @entity4720 . Thirteen @entity1 with cervical @entity1566 above 65 of age were admitted to our department from 1983 to 1993. Six of them presented with the central @entity602 , and all @entity1 had a history of @entity130 related to falling.

title: [Central XXXX : a case report on rehabilitation, with special references to accidental falls in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['hyperextension neck injury']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cord syndrome']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['accidental injuries']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['cervical cord syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The current study contributes to fill the knowledge gap on the @entity2359 of inorganic @entity349 (iHg) in fish through the implementation of a combined evaluation of brain morphometric alterations (volume and total number of neurons plus glial cells in specific regions of the brain) and swimming behavior (endpoints related with the motor activity and mood/ @entity148 -like status). White seabream (Diplodus sargus) was exposed to realistic levels of iHg in water (2 gL(-1)) during 7 (E7) and 14 days ( @entity22352 ). After that, fish were allowed to recover for 28 days (PE28) in order to evaluate brain regeneration and reversibility of @entity146 . A significant reduction in the number of cells in hypothalamus, optic tectum and cerebellum was found at E7, accompanied by relevant changes on swimming behavior. Moreover, the decrease in the number of neurons and glia in the molecular layer of the cerebellum was followed by a contraction of its volume. This is the first time that a deficit on the number of cells is reported in fish brain after i @entity5332 exposure. Interestingly, a recovery of hypothalamus and cerebellum occurred at @entity22352 , as evidenced by the identical number of cells found in exposed and control fish, and volume of cerebellum, which might be associated with an adaptive phenomenon. After 28 days post-exposure, the optic tectum continued to show a decrease in the number of cells, pointing out a higher vulnerability of this region. These morphometric alterations coincided with numerous changes on swimming behavior, related both with fish motor function and mood/ @entity148 -like status. Overall, current data pointed out the iHg potential to induce brain morphometric alterations, emphasizing a long-lasting neurobehavioral hazard.

title: Inorganic XXXX accumulation in brain following waterborne exposure elicits a deficit on the number of brain cells and impairs swimming behavior in fish (white seabream-Diplodus sargus).

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral syndromes']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1757 remains a rare entity in the literature. Controversy exists on the possible pathogenesis of such a @entity5 within cerebral ventricles. Literature is sparse on @entity5 characteristics and differences between pediatric and adult @entity1 . CASE REPORT: We present a case of @entity1757 in a 9-year-old @entity1 presenting with @entity10 , @entity1269 , and focal @entity410 . Brain CT scan and MRI revealed an intraventricular @entity5 within left atrium of lateral ventricle. The @entity1 underwent total resection of the @entity5 via posterior parietal approach. Histopathological exam was in favor of @entity808 . Postoperative brain MRI and @entity7748 showed no recurrence after 18 months. CONCLUSION: Our review of the literature indicates there are some significant differences between pediatric and adult cases in different aspects including gender predominance, intraventricular location, malignant transformation, tendency for recurrence, and surgical outcome. This needs to be taken into account in the literature.

title: @entity1757 in a XXXX . Literature review and case illustration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular schwannoma', 'Intraventricular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: The clinical features of @entity6052 ( @entity6052 ) are described in this chapter. @entity6052 is inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Prevalence in Japan is 1.5 in 100,000. Attacks are more frequent in @entity1 of 20s to 40s. The common clinical pattern of symptom involves acute @entity490 , @entity146 , and acute @entity16 . The nerve biopsy @entity17 . Many small vacuolations are distinctively seen in all of the cell components of the nerve. Clinical diagnosis is not difficult when doctors keep the possibility of @entity6052 in their minds in cases of @entity490 , @entity425 and @entity146 . The major trust of treatment is avoidance of acute attacks which is almost entirely dependent upon avoidance of porphyrogenic drugs. The intravenous administration of @entity1446 and @entity413 is important and effective therapy for acute attacks of @entity6050 .

title: [Acute intermittent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['shows segmental demyelination and axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disturbances', 'mental symptoms']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity6052 :: ('MESH:D017118', 'Disease') :: ['AIP', 'acute intermittent porphyria']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6050 :: ('MESH:D011164', 'Disease') :: ['porphyria']

answer: @entity6050 :: (MESH:D011164,Disease) :: ['porphyria']


abstract: Although relating to very different concepts, @entity25 and @entity1295 are often confounded. However, both @entity1295 -associated conditions such as the @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) and @entity25 such as the @entity27 ( @entity27 ) are associated with @entity73 with impaired attention, concentration and memory performances. Fifteen pure @entity5815 @entity1 , without primary @entity25 or clinically relevant @entity25 , were compared to 15 untreated @entity27 @entity1 , without clinically relevant @entity1295 , and to 16 healthy controls of similar age. The auditory verbal learning test (AVLT), digit span, digit symbol and finger tapping test (FTT) were used as cognitive and behavioural measures. In addition we assessed daytime EEG spectral power and @entity3493 evoked potentials. With exception for the digit span, all tests showed lower performances in @entity1 groups. Recall on the AVLT did not differ between the two @entity1 groups, but the digit and symbol spans showed more severe impairment in @entity27 @entity1 . Psychomotor performance on the FTT presented with slower hit rates in @entity27 than in @entity5815 . EEG theta power was highest in @entity5815 @entity1 . @entity3493 latencies and amplitudes did not differ between groups. Fatigue- and @entity25 can both present with significant and objective @entity73 and behavioural motor performance. In our sample @entity73 and @entity1155 performance were worse when associated to @entity25 in @entity27 than with @entity1295 in @entity5815 .

title: @entity73 in XXXX and @entity25 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'impairment of cognitive functioning']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome', 'SAHS']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleep disorders', 'sleepiness-associated conditions']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: This paper describes complications and @entity1 management issues associated with @entity99 ( @entity99 ) and embolization ( @entity7058 ) used to treat @entity409 and characterizes @entity1 survival based on histologic @entity5 type. We performed a retrospective review of all @entity1 treated with @entity99 or @entity7058 between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1990. During the study period, 314 HACEs and HAEs were performed in 121 @entity1 . Ninety-six of the @entity1 (79%) were treated for neoplasms metastatic to the liver. The morbidity rate following @entity99 and @entity7058 in this study was 5.1%. The major complications included @entity715 , @entity99 , and @entity1578 . The treatment-related mortality rate was 4.1%. Fever and ileus were the most common management problems following @entity99 or @entity7058 . Median survival for @entity1 with liver metastases varied according to histologic type, and median survival for @entity1 with @entity96 was 306 days. Morbidity and mortality from @entity99 and @entity7058 to treat @entity96 can be minimized by proper selection and careful management of @entity1 . @entity99 or @entity7058 alone was not curative in any of these 121 @entity1 . An understanding of treatment-related side effects is necessary to aid in the management of @entity1 following @entity99 or @entity7058 .

title: Hepatic artery chemoembolization or embolization for primary and metastatic XXXX : post-treatment management and complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'hepatocellular cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess', 'HACE', 'hepatic arterial chemoembolization']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: Lipid formulations of @entity2379 are increasingly used in lieu of deoxycholate @entity2379 for primary treatment of @entity13296 , but little is known about the efficacy of the former antifungal in treating this @entity364 . We therefore undertook an analysis of a case series of all @entity1 with @entity13296 who received @entity19095 for primary antifungal therapy in five major mid-Atlantic medical centers. Among the categories of variables studied were demographics, methods of diagnosis, microbiology, sites of @entity281 , global responses, and survival. The median @entity1 age was 44 years and 71% were male. Immunosuppressive @entity1503 (54%) were the most common underlying condition. @entity358 constituted 50% of infections, @entity281 29%, and cutaneous disease 18%. Members of the genus Rhizopus were the most common recovered agents. Success as defined by complete or partial positive response was noted in 32% of the cases. Concomitant surgery was performed in 46% of the cases, with similar response rates (31%). Overall survival was 39%. @entity19095 was effective as primary therapy in only some @entity1 in this cohort of highly immunocompromised individuals with invasive @entity13296 underscoring the importance of host response and the need for further advances for treatment of this lethal @entity281 .

title: Primary treatment of @entity13296 with liposomal XXXX : analysis of 28 cases.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity13296 :: ('MESH:D020096', 'Disease') :: ['zygomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['sinus infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity602 ( @entity602 ) is a well-established treatment for @entity9 ; nevertheless, 40% of @entity1 fail to obtain @entity158 relief and in many @entity1 , the effect tends to diminish with time. Based on animal experiments, intrathecal @entity1772 was previously introduced clinically to enhance suboptimal @entity602 effects. Later animal experiments demonstrated similar data for @entity1338 . The aim of this study was to elucidate whether intrathecal @entity1338 or @entity1772 enhances the effect of @entity602 in @entity9 @entity1 in whom the @entity158 relieving-effect of @entity602 is inadequate. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 10 @entity1 experiencing @entity9 with insufficient @entity158 relief with @entity602 alone. @entity1338 , @entity1772 , and saline (control) were intrathecally administered by bolus injections in combination with @entity602 . RESULTS: Seven of 10 @entity1 reported significant @entity158 reduction when @entity602 was combined with active drugs. The mean visual analog scale ratings were reduced by more than 50% with either drug combined with @entity602 . Four @entity1 previously treated with @entity602 alone later underwent implantation of a pump for long-term administration of @entity1338 or @entity1772 . In the 2 @entity1 with @entity1338 pumps with a mean follow-up of 15 months, the combined therapy produced @entity158 reduction of 55% and 45%, respectively. The corresponding effect with @entity1772 was 32% and 82%, respectively, at 7 months follow-up. CONCLUSION: A trial with @entity1338 and @entity1772 combined with @entity602 may be warranted in @entity1 who do not obtain @entity158 relief with @entity602 alone or experienced a decreasing therapeutic effect.

title: Intrathecal @entity1338 and @entity1772 enhance the XXXX -relieving effect of spinal cord stimulation: a comparative placebo-controlled, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['satisfactory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For aortic arch surgery, the potential risks of @entity1167 with or without antegrade cerebral perfusion have been widely documented. We hereby describe our early experience with a "branch-first continuous perfusion" technique that, by avoiding @entity2332 and @entity1167 , has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Arterial perfusion is peripheral using femoral and axillary inflows. Disconnection of each arch branch, and @entity254 to the trifurcation graft, proceeds sequentially from the innominate to the left subclavian artery, with continuous perfusion of the heart and viscera by lower body and brain by upper body arterial return. After the descending aorta is clamped, the debranched arch may then be replaced and connected to the ascending aorta before the common stem of the trifurcation graft is joined to the arch graft. Thirty @entity1 underwent this technique. Twelve @entity1 were operated on for aortic dissection and the remainder for @entity439 . RESULTS: With experience, minimum pump temperature rose from 16  C to 34  C. There was 1 (3.3%) death, and 2 (6.7%) @entity1 had @entity51 . Extubation was achieved within 24 hours in 12 (40%) @entity1 , whereas 14 (47%) left the intensive care unit within 2 days. Ten (33%) @entity1 were discharged from the hospital within 7 days. Eight (27%) @entity1 required no transfusion of blood or blood products. CONCLUSIONS: This technique brings us closer to the goal of arch surgery without cerebral or visceral @entity1167 and the morbidity of @entity2332 . Early results are encouraging.

title: Branch-first aortic arch replacement with no XXXX or @entity2332 .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['deep hypothermic circulatory arrest', 'circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['deep hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Pitanguy method of reduction mammaplasty has been shown to be an anatomically safe technique in the management of the ptotic breast. However, the technique, as first described, cannot be applied in @entity21879 or severe @entity0 cases or cases of dense parenchyma of the breast. The senior surgeon suggested an intraoperative modification of the Pitanguy method of reduction mammaplasty to make it applicable for such cases. METHODS: A retrospective study of 122 @entity1 with severe @entity0 (70), @entity21879 (45), or dense breast parenchyma (7) who underwent a modification of the Pitanguy method was performed. The current procedure involves all the operating steps of the superior pedicle technique as described by Pitanguy, from the marking technique to the keel resection of the breast. If the nipple-areola complex is elevated inadequately, the surgeon can use the senior surgeon's modification to elevate the complex to the desired height. This modification consists of dissecting the upper pole of the breast vertically to the fascia of the pectoralis major muscle and laterally to the nipple-areola complex. The medial flap is then advanced superiorly, rotated 90  , and sutured to point A, while the lateral flap is placed below the medial one. This maneuver maximizes elevation of the nipple-areola complex to the desired height. RESULTS: The mean change in nipple position was 14  cm (range  =  10-16  cm). The mean weight reduction of each breast was 900  g (range  =  700-1300  g). The follow-up included 119 @entity1 and the follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3  years (mean follow-up  =  2  years). Three @entity1 were operated on less than 3  months ago and were not involved in this study. All @entity1 gained natural shaped breasts and they were pleased with the results. Serious complications, including flap @entity39 , were avoided since caution was used to preserve the internal mammary perforators while performing this method. CONCLUSION: This technique provides a versatile, well-vascularized pedicle that allows elevation of the nipple-areola complex at the desired height in cases of severe @entity0 , @entity21879 , or dense breast parenchyma.

title: Intraoperative modification of Pitanguy technique of reduction mammaplasty for elevation of the nipple-areola complex in case of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21879 :: ('MESH:C536821', 'Disease') :: ['gigantomastia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast ptosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast ptosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of vitreoretinal surgery without use of intraocular silicone oil or gas in @entity1 with @entity6 and tractional @entity1713 . METHODS: A clinical interventional case-series study was conducted of 168 eyes of 150 @entity1 with @entity1713 who were consecutively treated by pars plana vitrectomy without endotamponade during a study period of 7 years. Per selection criterion, @entity989 did not develop or were not observed in any of the study @entity1 before or during surgery. The surgery included pars plana vitrectomy, @entity2479 . Combined @entity231 surgery was performed in 33 eyes (20%). The mean follow-up was 23 + or - 14 months (range, 12-65 months). RESULTS: In 158 eyes (94%), the retina reattached after surgery and remained attached until the end of follow-up. Subretinal fluid absorbed completely within 2 months after surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity improved in 126 eyes (75%) and remained unchanged in 19 eyes (11%). Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 2.22 + or - 1.22 at baseline to 1.24 + or - 1.00 at final follow-up (P < 0.001). At the end of follow-up, 11 eyes (7%) showed @entity1539 , and 9 of these 11 eyes developed @entity1539 after surgery. In multivariate logistic regression, the only factor associated with postoperative @entity2296 was preexisting @entity2296 (odds ratio, 6.4). CONCLUSION: Vitreoretinal surgery for tractional @entity1713 in @entity6 may not necessarily be combined with an ocular endotamponade if there were no pre- or intraoperative @entity937 .

title: Long-term results of vitrectomy without endotamponade in @entity6 with tractional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['removal of epiretinal membranes, and retinal endolaser coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic tractional retinal detachment', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal breaks']

entities_list: @entity2296 :: ('MESH:C538115', 'Disease') :: ['rubeosis iridis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal defects']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachment']


abstract: Advances in clinical treatment of @entity213 ( @entity213 ) are hampered by its high infiltrative potential leading to distal metastasis. Since their ability to degrade the basal lamina and extracellular matrix, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have a pivotal role in @entity5 invasion. The overexpression and the aberrant activity of MMPs especially of @entity1476 and @entity1495 , during @entity213 development and progression have been reported. However, up to now little is known about the mechanism of their regulation in @entity213 . It has been demonstrated that @entity5379 expression is negative regulated by @entity3962 ( @entity1366 ) in @entity213 cell lines. ERKs are protein kinases belonging to the mitogen-activated protein kinases family, and they are involved in the regulation of different cellular aspects, from apoptosis to cell proliferation and differentiation. In the present study we evaluated @entity1476 and @entity1495 activity by gelatine zymography in 16 tissue samples of @entity213 and their paired normal mucosa from @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment. Moreover, @entity1366 activation was analyzed by immunoblotting. A statistically significant decrease in the levels of activated @entity3963 in @entity5 specimens in comparison with paired normal tissues was observed, whereas a significant increase in the activity of @entity1476 was found in @entity5 specimens. However, the statistical analysis failed to demonstrate a correlation between the increase in @entity1476 activity and the reduction of @entity1366 activation levels. The results obtained, therefore, rule out, for the first time in an ex vivo study, the existence of a negative correlation between @entity1366 activation and @entity1476 activity.

title: Association between metalloproteinases 2 and 9 activity and XXXX phosphorylation status in head and neck cancers: an ex vivo study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1366 :: (5595;5594,Gene) :: ['ERK1/2']


abstract: Dopaminergic anti- @entity191 medications, such as @entity3034 (LD) cause @entity910 ( @entity910 ) in majority of @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Mucuna pruriens, a legume extensively used in Ayurveda to treat @entity191 , is reputed to provide anti- @entity191 without inducing @entity910 . We compared the behavioral effects of chronic parenteral administration of a water extract of @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ) alone without any additives, @entity2722 combined with the peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (DDCI) @entity18776 ( @entity2722 +BZ), LD+BZ and LD alone without BZ in the hemiparkinsonian @entity35 model of @entity191 . A battery of behavioral tests assessed by blinded investigators served as outcome measures in these randomized trials. In experiment 1, animals that received LD+BZ or @entity2722 +BZ at high (6mg/kg) and medium (4mg/kg) equivalent doses demonstrated significant alleviation of @entity304 , but, developed severe dose-dependent @entity910 . LD+BZ at low doses (2mg/kg) did not provide significant alleviation of @entity304 . In contrast, @entity2722 +BZ at an equivalent low dose significantly ameliorated @entity304 . In experiment 2, @entity2722 without any additives (12mg/kg and 20mg/kg LD equivalent dose) alleviated @entity304 with significantly less @entity910 compared to LD+BZ or @entity2722 +BZ. In experiment 3, @entity2722 without additives administered chronically provided long-term anti- @entity191 without causing @entity910 . In experiment 4, @entity2722 alone provided significantly more behavioral benefit when compared to the equivalent dose of synthetic LD alone without BZ. In experiment 5, @entity2722 alone reduced the severity of @entity910 in animals initially primed with LD+BZ. These findings suggest that M. pruriens contains water-soluble ingredients that either have an intrinsic DDCI-like activity or mitigate the need for an add-on DDCI to ameliorate @entity304 . These unique long-term anti- @entity191 effects of a parenterally administered water extract of @entity2722 may provide a platform for future drug discoveries and novel treatment strategies in @entity191 .

title: A water extract of Mucuna pruriens provides long-term amelioration of XXXX with reduced risk for @entity910 .

entities_list: @entity18776 :: ('MESH:D001545', 'Chemical') :: ['benserazide']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['DID', 'drug-induced dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity2722 :: ('MESH:D009366', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'M. pruriens seed powder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian benefits', "Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian', 'PD']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: The sensitivity of the microaerophilic protozoan @entity21586 to @entity26 and products of its reduction, and the antioxidant defences employed by this organism, were investigated. Studies revealed that this amitochondrial flagellate is sensitive to @entity26 tensions above those experienced in situ in the vagina (i.e. > 60 microM) and that @entity868 -resistant strains (CDC 85 and IR78) were more sensitive to elevated @entity26 levels than a @entity868 -sensitive isolate (1910). In the presence of radical scavengers, inactivation of organisms at 60 microM @entity26 was significantly lessened. Investigation of the antioxidant enzymes present in this organism revealed that activities of @entity2625 -reducing enzymes (e.g. catalase and general peroxidase) were not detectable, but that a @entity3789 -insensitive, @entity2769 -sensitive @entity224 dismutase was present in cell extracts. Measurement of @entity1432 -cycling enzymes indicated that @entity1110 could drive the reduction of @entity9492 ( @entity1432 reductase); however, the corresponding peroxidase activity was not detected. Analysis of thiols in whole cells of @entity21586 indicated that @entity2041 was absent, but high levels of other @entity1433 , @entity24590 , @entity24591 and @entity3958 , were present. No significant differences were detected in @entity1432 levels or antioxidant enzyme activities on comparison of @entity868 -sensitive and resistant strains. These results indicate that the sensitivity of @entity21586 to @entity26 above physiological levels is due to the lack of adequate @entity2625 -reducing enzymes and radical-scavenging mechanisms.

title: Antioxidant defences in the microaerophilic protozoan XXXX : comparison of @entity868 -resistant and sensitive strains.

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['oxidized glutathione']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity24591 :: ('MESH:C005231', 'Chemical') :: ['methanethiol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity21586 :: ('5722', 'Species') :: ['T. vaginalis', 'Trichomonas vaginalis']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity24590 :: ('MESH:C030762', 'Chemical') :: ['propanethiol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity21586 :: (5722,Species) :: ['Trichomonas vaginalis']


abstract: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of @entity3003 for @entity135 , a phase II study was conducted in 21 institutions. Eighty-eight @entity1 were entered into this trial, of which 70 were evaluable. @entity3003 was administered intravenously over 0.5-1 hr at the dose of 400 mg/m2 in good risk cases and 300 mg/m2 in poor risk cases. One @entity1 achieved complete response(CR) and 13 achieved partial response(PR) with an overall response rate of 20%. In terms of response by histology, the response rate was 22% in cases of @entity957 . The response rate was 26% in previously untreated @entity1 and 16% in previously treated @entity1 . One CR and 2 PR were achieved in 14 @entity1 with prior @entity900 treatment. @entity137 was observed in 47% of the 70 evaluable @entity1 . @entity1209 were the most common @entity137 observed (36%) followed by @entity448 in 27%. Concerning @entity1503 , @entity882 was noted in 32% and @entity1431 in 29%. Elevation of BUN and @entity1011 was observed in only 2 cases and 1 case, respectively. It was concluded that @entity3003 suggested activity similar to @entity900 , and also could be safely used at the outpatient level.

title: [Phase II study of XXXX in @entity135 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe ocular manifestations in @entity281 and their relationship to systemic severity and the associated @entity1910 . METHODS: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with primary varicella were examined prospectively. The cases were classified as mild, moderate, and severe according to the severity of clinical presentation. Excluding the presence of @entity1910 , @entity1 with ocular findings were assigned to group 1 (G1), and those without ocular findings were assigned to group 2 (G2). @entity1 in G1 were also evaluated according to the nature of ocular manifestations and the course of @entity1596 . RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of @entity1 had @entity2194 (G1) and 79% had no @entity2194 (G2). While chickenpox had a mild course in 85.7% of @entity1 in G1 and 88.6% of @entity1 in G2, all others had a moderate course. None of the @entity1 had a severe course. @entity1910 was present in 28.6% of @entity1 in G1 and 13.9% in G2. Among ocular findings, 38.1% of @entity1 had @entity2024 , 57.1% had anterior @entity1596 , and 4.8% had disciform keratouveitis. There was no significant association between severity of chickenpox and severity of @entity2194 (p=0.712). There was also no relationship between @entity1910 and @entity2194 (p=0.787). CONCLUSIONS: There is neither an association between the severity of chickenpox and the severity of @entity2194 nor an association between the presence of a @entity1910 and the development of @entity1596 . As the prognosis regarding sequelae of @entity2194 in @entity281 is good, only those @entity1 with ocular signs and symptoms need be referred by pediatricians for an ophthalmologic examination.

title: The effect of clinical severity and @entity1910 on XXXX in @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular involvement']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['varicella eyelid rash', 'A varicella eyelid rash', 'eyelid rash']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary varicella infection', 'varicella infection']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular involvement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the relative scarcity of natural @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ), which has been recently recognized as a highly cytotoxic agent for use in @entity902 -refractory @entity43 , synthetic and semisynthetic substitutes have been actively pursued. @entity1205 (Taxotere), a new semisynthetic taxoid, has been selected for clinical development because it is twice as potent as @entity1311 in promoting assembly of tubulin and in inhibiting microtubule depolymerization. @entity1205 also shows equal or greater @entity137 in relevant preclinical models. PURPOSE: Because @entity1205 has produced consistent antitumor responses in @entity43 @entity1 in phase I trials, we planned and conducted a phase II clinical trial to evaluate the drug's effectiveness and its toxic effects. METHODS: The present trial, which started in May 1992 and ended in December 1992, involved 97 @entity1 with @entity43 . The target study population had disease relapse or disease progression within 12 months of the last administration of a first-line or second-line @entity902 -based regimen with at least one bidimensionally measurable @entity75 . The @entity1 received @entity1205 at a dose of 100 mg/m2 given as a 1-hour infusion every 3 weeks without premedication for minimizing potential @entity56 . @entity1205 -induced side effects were graded according to the National @entity5 Institute's Common @entity137 Criteria. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 23.6% in 76 assessable @entity1 versus 20% if all 90 eligible @entity1 were included in the comparison (95% confidence interval [CI] = 11%-29%). Among 34 eligible @entity1 whose @entity5 progressed on the most recent @entity902 treatment, the response rate was 23.5% (95% CI = 8%-39%). The median progression-free survival for all eligible @entity1 was 3.9 months, and the median overall survival was 8.4 months. @entity1205 -associated @entity137 in 90 assessable @entity1 consisted of short-lived @entity1398 in 81 (90%) @entity1 , which was complicated by fever and hospitalization in seven (8%); @entity56 were seen in 29 (31%) @entity1 , with significant reactions seen in seven (8%); and @entity2359 in 43 (48%) @entity1 , with grade 3 or above @entity137 seen in only three (3%). The treatment also produced skin reactions in 58 (64%) @entity1 , of whom only four (4%) showed the intensity of grade 3. Eleven (12%) @entity1 experienced @entity1143 , which were the effects of the drug considered to be of greatest concern. Peripheral @entity4 and @entity1017 due to fluid retention were reported in 40 (44%) and 17 (19%) @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1205 appears to be effective in the treatment of @entity902 -refractory @entity43 @entity1 .

title: XXXX : an active new drug for treatment of @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'advanced epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'cytotoxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity263 is one of the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . Incidence rates increase with age and are substantially higher in black @entity1 than white @entity1 . This study examines the variations in the use of radical prostatectomy and radiation by geographic area, age, and race. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results Program (SEER) were used to examine treatment differences. Current treatments generally consist of prostatectomy, radiation, or careful observation for clinically localized or regional disease. RESULTS: The age-adjusted proportion of @entity1 , age 50 and older, who received radical prostatectomy increased sharply between 1984 and 1991, from 11.0% to 32.3% among @entity1 with local/regional disease. The choice of treatment varied widely by geographic regions. In 1991, the proportion that received prostatectomy was highest in Utah (47.8%) and lowest in Connecticut (22.5%) among @entity1 with localized and regional disease. The increase in radical prostatectomy was not limited to younger @entity1 . Although the rates increased for blacks, black @entity1 had lower age-adjusted rates of prostatectomy than whites in all years of the study. CONCLUSION: The SEER data show a clear trend toward more aggressive treatment, especially prostatectomy. However, the proportion of black @entity1 who received prostatectomy was substantially lower than that of white @entity1 and this disparity does not appear to be changing.

title: Geographic, age, and racial variation in the treatment of local/regional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: In regions characterized by water scarcity, such as coastal Southern California, groundwater containing chromophoric dissolved organic matter is a viable source of water supply. In the coastal aquifer of Orange County in California, seawater intrusion driven by coastal groundwater pumping increased the concentration of @entity4001 in extracted groundwater from 0.4 mg l      in 2000 to over 0.8 mg l      in 2004. @entity4001 , a precursor to bromate formation is regulated by USEPA and the California Department of Health as a potential carcinogen and therefore must be reduced to a level below 10  g l     . This paper compares two processes for treatment of highly coloured groundwater: nanofiltration and ozone injection coupled with biologically activated @entity505 . The requirement for bromate removal decreased the water production in the ozonation process to compensate for increased maintenance requirements, and required the adoption of catalytic @entity505 with associated increase in capital and operating costs per unit volume. However, due to the absence of oxidant addition in nanofiltration processes, this process is not affected by @entity4001 . We performed a process analysis and a comparative economic analysis of capital and operating costs for both technologies. Our results show that for the case studied in coastal Southern California, nanofiltration has higher throughput and lower specific capital and operating cost, when compared to ozone injection with biologically activate @entity505 . @entity1787 injection with biologically activated @entity505 , compared to nanofiltration, has 14% higher capital cost and 12% higher operating costs per unit water produced while operating at the initial throughput. Due to reduced @entity1787 concentration required to accommodate for @entity21424 reduction, the ozonation process throughput is reduced and the actual cost increase (per unit water produced) is 68% higher for capital cost and 30% higher for operations.

title: Process analysis and economics of drinking water production from coastal aquifers containing chromophoric dissolved organic matter and XXXX using nanofiltration and ozonation.

entities_list: @entity4001 :: ('CHEBI:15858', 'Chemical') :: ['bromide', 'Bromide']

answer: @entity4001 :: (CHEBI:15858,Chemical) :: ['bromide']


abstract: The development of @entity420 is frequently associated with intestinal-type @entity355 . @entity355 and esophageal @entity420 were examined for expression of the intestinal brush-border-associated hydrolase @entity10793 ( @entity10793 ). @entity10793 mRNA was detected by utilizing the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 50% of @entity355 specimens and in 26% of esophageal @entity420 . @entity10793 protein was detected by utilizing immunohistochemistry in 84% of @entity355 specimens and in 71% of @entity420 , although a decrease or loss of @entity10793 protein was sometimes observed in dysplastic @entity355 and @entity420 . Alterations in the @entity876 tumor-suppressor gene have previously been found in both @entity420 . The same specimens analyzed for @entity10793 were examined for the nuclear accumulation of the @entity876 protein. Utilizing immunohistochemistry, @entity876 staining was detected in 42% of @entity355 specimens, most of which were @entity6349 , and in 58% of @entity420 . In the samples positive for @entity876 protein, gene mutations in exons 5, 7 and 8 were detected by utilizing single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) in 1 @entity355 specimen and 6 @entity420 . In @entity355 , there was an inverse correlation between @entity10793 protein expression and @entity876 protein accumulation (p < 0.05) suggesting a link between genetic alterations and loss of this marker. The analysis of markers of intestinal differentiation with markers of disease progression may prove to be a useful approach for studying @entity105 in @entity355 .

title: Intestinal differentiation and @entity876 gene alterations in Barrett's esophagus and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10793 :: ('290', 'Gene') :: ['aminopeptidase N', 'APN']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's metaplasia"]

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'esophageal adenocarcinoma', "dysplastic Barrett's mucosa and esophageal adenocarcinomas"]

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity12036 ( @entity12037 )-dependent aldolases have been widely used for organic synthesis. The major drawback of @entity12037 -dependent aldolases is their strict donor substrate specificity toward @entity12037 , which is expensive and unstable. Here we report the development of an in vivo selection system for the directed evolution of the @entity12037 -dependent aldolase, @entity12038 aldolase (RhaD), to alter its donor substrate specificity from @entity12037 to @entity12039 ( @entity4601 ). We also report preliminary results on mutants that were discovered with this screen. @entity6475 in the @entity10547 metabolic pathway in @entity526 (DeltarhaDAB, DE3) was constructed and used as a selection host strain. Co-expression of @entity10547 isomerase (rhaA) and rhaD in the selection host did not restore its growth on minimal plate supplemented with @entity10547 as a sole @entity505 source, because of the lack of L-rhamnulose kinase (RhaB) activity and the inability of WT RhaD aldolase to use unphosphorylated L-rhamnulose as a substrate. Use of this selection host and co-expression vector system gives us an in vivo selection for the desired mutant RhaD which can cleave unphosphorylated L-rhamnulose and allow the mutant to grow in the minimal media. An error-prone PCR (ep-PCR) library of rhaD gene on the co-expression vector was constructed and introduced into the rha-mutant, and survivors were selected in minimal media with @entity10547 (MMRha media). An initial round of screening gave mutants allowing the selection strain to grow on MMRha plates. This in vivo selection system allows rapid screening of mutated aldolases that can utilize @entity12039 as a donor substrate.

title: In vivo selection for the directed evolution of L-rhamnulose aldolase from XXXX aldolase (RhaD).

entities_list: @entity10547 :: ('CHEBI:62346', 'Chemical') :: ['L-rhamnose', 'l-rhamnose']

entities_list: @entity12036 :: ('MESH:D004099', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydroxyacetone phosphate']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['A strain deficient']

entities_list: @entity12039 :: ('MESH:D004098', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyacetone']

entities_list: @entity12038 :: ('CHEBI:17892', 'Chemical') :: ['L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity12038 :: (CHEBI:17892,Chemical) :: ['L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate']


abstract: Eculizumab is an anti-C5 antibody that inhibits C5 cleavage and prevents the generation of the terminal complement complex C5b-9. Eculizumab is licensed to treat paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria or atypical @entity2142 (aHUS). Clinical trials are ongoing for C3 @entity8 . Given the unfamiliarity of physicians with these rare diseases and the variability of clinical presentation, a delayed initiation of eculizumab therapy is common. Thus, the question arises as to what extent improvement of kidney function may be expected when @entity1 have been dialysis dependent for weeks or months already when eculizumab is initiated. Furthermore, given the high cost and potential adverse effects of eculizumab, the question arises of when to stop therapy because of futility when @entity1 with kidney-only manifestations remain dialysis dependent. In literature reports, eculizumab was stopped as early as after 3 weeks because the @entity1 remained dialysis dependent. In this issue of CKJ, Inman et al. report on eculizumab-induced reversal of dialysis-dependent @entity177 from C3 @entity631 , illustrating both the potential benefit of eculizumab for this complement-mediated disease and the need for lengthy therapy-dialysis independency was reached after 5 months of eculizumab. Indeed, there are reports of renal function recovery when eculizumab was initiated after 4 months on dialysis and of recovery of renal function 2.0-3.5 months after initiation of eculizumab in dialysis-dependent @entity1 with C3 @entity8 or aHUS.

title: Timing of eculizumab therapy for C3 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic uraemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate trends in the incidence of @entity226 over a 42-year period in Olmsted County, Minnesota. DESIGN: Population-based incidence study. SETTING: Olmsted County, Minnesota. METHODS: All incidence cases of @entity226 first diagnosed between 1950 and 1991 were identified using the unified record system at Mayo Clinic. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated using the number of incidence cases as the numerator and population estimates as the denominator. Overall rates were age- and sex-adjusted to the 1980 United States white population. The annual incidence rates were graphically illustrated using a 3-year centered moving average. RESULTS: Between 1950 and 1991, 125 Olmsted County residents (103 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 ) were diagnosed with @entity226 . The age- and sex-adjusted incidence per 100,000 @entity1 50 years of age or older was 17.8 (95% CI, 14.7 to 21.0); incidence was significantly higher in @entity1 (24.2 [CI, 19.5 to 28.9]) than in @entity1 (8.2 [CI, 4.8 to 11.6]). Age-specific incidence rates increased with age (P < 0.0001). The annual incidence rates increased significantly over the study period (P = 0.002) and appear to have clustered in five peak periods, which occurred about every 7 years. A significant calendar-time effect was identified; it predicted an increase in incidence of 2.6% (CI, 0.9% to 4.3%) every 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our observation of a regular cyclic pattern in incidence rates over time supports the hypothesis of an infectious cause for @entity226 . Similar studies in other populations are needed to confirm our findings.

title: The incidence of XXXX in Olmsted County, Minnesota: apparent fluctuations in a cyclic pattern.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['giant cell arteritis']


abstract: Since 1976, a new approach to adjuvant radiation therapy in @entity188 has been used at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. Seventy-eight @entity1 with biopsy-proven invasive @entity188 have been treated with low dose preoperative radiation, 500 rad given either on the day of or the day before surgery. Following surgery, the lesions were pathologically staged according to Astler-Coller's Modification of Duke's staging. @entity1 with good prognostic features (Stage A or B1) were followed with no further treatment while @entity1 with poor prognostic characteristics (Stage B2, C1 and C2) were treated with aggressive postoperative pelvic radiation, 4500 rad delivered in five weeks. All @entity1 entered into this study received the preoperative dose of 500 rad. Fifty-six @entity1 underwent an A-P resection, four @entity1 underwent a low anterior resection and ten @entity1 had a combined abdominal transsacral resection. Eight @entity1 were found to have liver @entity3 at laparotomy and underwent a colostomy followed by palliative therapy. Twenty-nine @entity1 were found to have @entity66 , Stage A or B1, and were given no further therapy. Of 41 @entity1 with Stage B2 or C, 25 @entity1 received the full course of postoperative radiation. Sixteen @entity1 did not receive postoperative radiation for a variety of reasons. Follow-up in these @entity1 ranges from six months to a maximum of 48 months with a median follow-up of 18 months. Sixty-nine of the total group of 78 @entity1 are currently alive. Two @entity1 with @entity5 (Stage A or B1) have died of @entity3 . One other @entity1 with Stage A @entity189 died of unrelated causes. Two of the 25 @entity1 receiving postoperative radiation developed @entity3 , but none of the @entity1 developed local recurrence in the pelvis. Six of 16 @entity1 who should have received postoperative radiation, but did not recurred. Four of these six recurrences have been in the pelvis. Both the incidence of failure and the pattern of recurrence between these two groups of @entity1 who did not receive postoperative radiation is suggestive of a better effect in the PR unrelated group. Survival of @entity1 treated with this approach appears to be improved.

title: Combined pre and postoperative radiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity188 :: (MESH:D012004,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11 , especially low-grade @entity11 , are highly epileptogenic @entity1313 . Histopathological information is valuable in evaluating the diagnosis and/or biologic behavior of various @entity11 . Here we explored the clinical data and histopathological predictors of the occurrence of @entity302 in @entity1 with @entity11 . A retrospective study examined 310 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone surgical treatment for @entity11 in our institution from January 2013 to January 2015. Clinical data and pathological examination results were analyzed. Literatures regarding the predictors and etiology of @entity11 associated @entity302 in the period of 1995-2015 were also reviewed. A total of 234 (75.5%) astrocytic @entity5 and 76 (24.5%) @entity5 were included. At diagnosis, 33.6% of @entity1 had @entity302 . Multivariate analysis revealed cortex involvement (OR=7.991, 95%CI=1.599-39.926), lower World Health Organization grade (OR=3.584, 95%CI=1.032-12.346) and topoisomerase II (TopoII) positivity (OR=0.943, 95%CI=0.903-0.982) were strong predictors for preoperative @entity302 . Gender, disease course, @entity5 classification, location or volume did not significantly affect epileptic @entity410 occurrence. Forty-three publications involved @entity11 -associated @entity302 were found in PubMed online database and key data were extracted and summarized. The present studies on @entity11 -related @entity302 are relatively limited and inconsistent. Low-grade @entity11 , cortex involvement and TopoII positivity were independent predictors of a history of @entity302 at diagnosis. Further studies to examine the underlying mechanism of topoisomerase II as well as other molecules in @entity302 occurrence in @entity13 are needed in the future.

title: Predictors and mechanisms of @entity302 occurrence in XXXX : What to look for in clinicopathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oligodendrial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity13 :: (MESH:C564230,Disease) :: ['cerebral gliomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Opium abuse is a major type of @entity734 in Iran. This study was designed to find the possible relation between opium addiction and excessive @entity548 after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: In a historical cohort study during a 1.5-year period, consecutive @entity1 scheduled for elective CABG surgery were assigned to two group on the basis of having or not having the criteria for inhalational opium addiction. Before and after operations, the complete blood count, @entity548 time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet count were checked for all @entity1 . The volumes of infused red blood cells during and after the operation were recorded. After operations, the volumes of @entity548 through the @entity1 ' chest tubes were recorded. The recorded data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.5. Independent t, chi-square and repeated measure tests were used; and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In total, 84 nonaddicted @entity1 were assigned in group 1, and 110 @entity1 who fulfilled the addiction criteria were assigned in group 2. Total @entity548 from the three chest tubes was significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.001). The mean hemoglobin level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet counts before and after the operations were similar in the two groups. Opium-addicted @entity1 received more packed red blood cells during and after the operations. CONCLUSION: Inhalational opium addiction might lead to more @entity548 after CABG surgery. It is recommended that cardiac surgeons consider these @entity1 at high risk for major complications after surgery.

title: Effects of opium addiction on XXXX after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: report from Iran.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Intraarterial thrombolysis for @entity1504 has achieved recanalization at a 50-90% rate. Clinical outcome has been unpredictable. The authors sought to test the hypothesis that intrathrombus administration of recombinant @entity1456 (rt-PA) would improve recanalization rate and to assess the possibility that clinical outcome would be predicted by the extent of collateral flow. Seven @entity1 with @entity1504 (less than six hours in 6, twenty-four hours in 1) were treated with intrathrombus rt-PA at 1 mg/minute. Examinations were scored on a five-point motor scale. Collateral flow was assessed angiographically. Vessels recanalized in 5 @entity1 , 3 of whom had good outcomes. Vessels failed to recanalize in 2 @entity1 , 1 of whom had good outcome. Good collateral flow was evident in all 4 @entity1 with good outcome and in none of those with poor outcome. Intrathrombus administration of rt-PA is technically feasible. Favorable clinical outcome is more likely in the presence of good collateral flow. In the absence of good collateral flow, ultra-early intervention may be necessary.

title: Intrathrombus administration of XXXX in @entity1504 .

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular occlusion']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']