abstract: Pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation is a powerful tool for the prediction of drug concentrations in the absence of analytical techniques that allow for direct quantification. The present study applied this modeling approach to determine active drug release from a nanoparticle prodrug formulation. A comparative pharmacokinetic study of a nanoscale micellar @entity1205 (DTX) prodrug, Procet 8, and commercial DTX formulation, Taxotere, was conducted in bile duct cannulated @entity35 . The nanoscale (~40nm) size of the Procet 8 formulation resulted in confinement within the plasma space and high prodrug plasma concentrations. Ex vivo prodrug hydrolysis during plasma sample preparation resulted in unacceptable error that precluded direct measurement of DTX concentrations. Pharmacokinetic modeling of Taxotere and Procet 8 plasma concentrations, and their associated biliary metabolites, allowed for prediction of the DTX concentration profile and DTX bioavailability, and thereby evaluation of Procet 8 metabolism. Procet 8 plasma decay and in vitro plasma hydrolytic rates were identical, suggesting that systemic clearance of the prodrug was primarily metabolic. The Procet 8 and Taxotere plasma profiles, and associated docetaxel hydroxy-tert-butyl carbamate (HDTX) metabolite @entity644 , were best fit by a two compartment model, with both linear and non-linear DTX clearance, and first order Procet 8 hydrolysis. The model estimated HDTX clearance rate agreed with in vitro literature values, supporting the predictability of the proposed model. Model simulation at the 10mg DTX equivalent/kg dose level predicted DTX formation rate-limited kinetics and a peak plasma DTX concentration of 39ng/mL at 4h for Procet 8, in comparison to 2826ng/mL for Taxotere. As a result of nonlinear DTX clearance, the DTX AUCinf for the Procet 8 formulation was predicted to be 2.6 times lower than Taxotere (775 vs. 2017h*ng/mL, respectively), resulting in an absolute bioavailability estimate of 38%. As DTX clearance in @entity1 is considered linear, this low bioavailability is likely species-dependent. These data support the use of pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation in cases of complex formulations, where analytical methods for direct measurement of free (released) drug concentrations are unavailable. Uses of such models may include interpretation of preclinical toxicology studies, selection of first in @entity1 dosing regimens, and PK/ @entity1726 model development.

title: Prediction of nanoparticle prodrug metabolism by pharmacokinetic modeling of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['biliary excretion']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['biliary excretion']


abstract: The @entity4357 transfer protein from @entity291 brain (PI-TP) has lipid transfer characteristics which make it well suited to maintain @entity4357 (PI) levels in intracellular membranes (Van Paridon, P.A., Gadella, Jr., T.W.J., Somerharju, P.J. and Wirtz, K.W.A. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 903, 68-77). Using a continuous fluorimetric transfer assay we have investigated in what way @entity1076 ( @entity18685 ), @entity1078 ( @entity1078 ) and @entity8558 (PA) affect the transfer activity of this protein in model systems. The effects were analysed by application of a kinetic model which yielded the association constant (K) and dissociation rate constant (k-) for the PI-TP/vesicle complex. Incorporation of PA, @entity18685 and PIP2 into the @entity2434 -containing vesicles increased the association constant solely by diminishing the dissociation rate constant. This effect could be completely accounted for by changes in the membrane surface charge density. In contrast to the inhibitory effect of PA, the inhibition caused by PIP2 was completely abolished by the addition of @entity5154 , in agreement with the observed preferential binding of this @entity4664 antibiotic to PIP2. A rise in pH from 5.5 to 8 drastically reduced the association constant for vesicles containing 16 mol% PA (e.g., from 38 to 2 mM-1), without affecting the Vmax. This effect could be mainly attributed to an increase in the negative charge on PI-TP (isoelectric point 5.5), resulting in an enhanced repulsion. Increasing the negative membrane surface charge at pH 7.4 had the opposite effect. This is interpreted to indicate that the membrane interaction site on PI-TP must be positively charged, overcoming the repulsive forces between PI-TP and the vesicle. Addition of PIP2 micelles as a third component in the transfer assay strongly inhibited PI-TP transfer activity. The extent of inhibition suggests a very high affinity of PI-TP for this lipid.

title: The effect of polyphosphoinositides and XXXX on the @entity4357 transfer protein from @entity291 brain: a kinetic study.

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate', 'PIP2']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity8558 :: (MESH:D010712,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidic acid']


abstract: The basal levels of mRNAs encoding two metalloproteinases, collagenase and stromelysin, were increased as a function of in vitro serial subcultivation (cellular aging) of @entity1 fibroblasts. Procollagenase and prostromelysin synthesis and secretion were also greater in the old cultures (late passage). In contrast, the steady-state expression of mRNA for an inhibitor of metalloproteinases, @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ), in late-passage cultures was lower than that in young cell cultures (early passage). Each mRNA was analyzed using total RNA preparations isolated from normal fibroblast cultures at different phases of the in vitro life span and from cultures derived from donors with the premature senescence syndromes characterized as @entity15993 , progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford) syndrome, or @entity14309 . In normal cell cultures expression of metalloproteinase mRNAs was increased after the culture had completed greater than 90% of the in vitro life span, and the reduction in @entity2843 mRNA expression occurred after the culture had completed greater than 74% of the in vitro lifespan. In @entity15993 expression of metalloproteinase and @entity2843 mRNAs was similar to the level of expression observed in late-passage cell cultures. Levels of metalloproteinase and @entity2843 mRNA expression in progeria and @entity14309 were similar to those of early-passage cell cultures. To determine if young and old cells were each responsive to mediators of metalloproteinase synthesis, cultures were treated with @entity4621 or cytokines. @entity864 treatment increased the steady-state levels of all three mRNAs in young, old, and @entity15993 and increased procollagenase levels in all cultures. Early- and late-passage cell cultures also responded to cytokines. @entity1192 treatment increased collagenase and stromelysin mRNA levels while @entity2533 reduced the steady-state levels of both transcripts. Neither cytokine affected the steady-state level of @entity2843 mRNA. The results indicate that in vitro cellular aging is associated with changes in expression of mRNAs encoding proteins that mediate inflammatory responses and connective tissue remodeling.

title: Differential expression of metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase genes in aged XXXX fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity14309 :: ('MESH:D003057', 'Disease') :: ['Cockayne syndrome', 'Cockayne syndromes']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity15993 :: ('MESH:D014898', 'Disease') :: ['Werner syndrome cultures', 'Werner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization can be a rate limiting step of apoptotic as well as @entity39 cell death. Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OM) and/or inner membrane (IM) is, at least in part, mediated by the permeability transition pore complex (PTPC). The PTPC is formed in the IM/OM contact site and contains the two most abundant IM and OM proteins, @entity1708 translocator ( @entity9659 , in the IM) and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC, in the OM), the matrix protein @entity42313 , which can interact with @entity9659 , as well as apoptosis-regulatory proteins from the @entity589 / @entity588 family. Here we discuss that @entity9659 has two opposite functions. On the one hand, @entity9659 is a vital, specific antiporter which accounts for the exchange of @entity855 and @entity857 on IM. On the other hand, @entity9659 can form a non-specific pore, as this has been shown by electrophysiological characterization of purified @entity9659 reconstituted into synthetic lipid bilayers or by measuring the permeabilization of proteoliposomes containing @entity9659 . Pore formation by @entity9659 is induced by a variety of different agents (e.g. @entity141 , @entity27605 , @entity1432 oxidation, the pro-apoptotic @entity2858 protein Vpr, etc.) and is enhanced by @entity589 and inhibited by @entity588 , as well as by @entity857 . In isolated mitochondria, pore formation by @entity9659 leads to an increase in IM permeability to solutes up to 1500 Da, swelling of the mitochondrial matrix, and OM permeabilization, presumably due to physical rupture of OM. Although alternative mechanisms of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization may exist, @entity9659 emerges as a major player in the regulation of cell death. Cell Death and Differentiation (2000) 7, 1146 - 1154

title: Permeabilization of the mitochondrial inner membrane during apoptosis: impact of the XXXX translocator.

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity27605 :: ('MESH:D001278', 'Chemical') :: ['atractyloside']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity1708 :: (CHEBI:61293,Chemical) :: ['adenine nucleotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many @entity1 undergoing complete surgical resection of distant @entity320 (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] stage IV) develop recurrent disease. We examined whether a second metastasectomy could prolong the survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity320 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : Retrospective review of our 8,750- @entity1 @entity320 database identified 211 @entity1 who were rendered clinically free of disease by surgical resection of stage IV @entity3 during the 24-year study period (January 1971 through December 1995). Our study population comprised the 131 @entity1 who developed recurrent @entity5 and were followed for at least 24 months or until @entity204 . RESULTS: The median disease-free interval prior to recurrent @entity5 was 8 months (range 0.6-91.8 months). There were 131 @entity5 -involved anatomic sites; the median number was one (range 1-3). Of these sites, 71 (54.2%) were soft tissue, 35 (26.7%) were pulmonary, 28 (21.4%) were gastrointestinal, 23 (17.6%) were cerebral, 13 (9.9%) were skeletal, and 2 (1.5%) were gynecologic. Median survival following treatment for recurrent @entity320 was 18.2 months after complete metastasectomy, compared with 12.5 months or 5.9 months after a palliative surgical procedure or nonsurgical management, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 20.0% (8/40) for @entity1 in the complete surgical metastasectomy group, compared with 7.0% (3/43) and 2.1% (1/48) for those in the palliative surgical and nonsurgical groups, respectively. By multivariate analysis, the two most important prognostic factors for survival following diagnosis of recurrent @entity320 were a prolonged disease-free interval to recurrence (P = 0.0001) and complete surgical metastasectomy of the recurrence (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Metastasectomy can prolong the survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity320 if all clinically evident @entity5 can be resected.

title: Metastasectomy for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IV disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma', 'stage IV melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['stage IV melanoma']


abstract: Intramammary lymph nodes (IntraMLNs) are frequent mostly benign incidental findings. However, they are clinically important because they can be the primary sites of @entity3 and sentinel lymph nodes. Literature data regarding the clinical significance of IntraMLNs @entity3 , however, remains controversial. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to better define the prognostic value of positive IntraMLNs in @entity1 with @entity0 . A systematic review of the literature without date restrictions was conducted. Five electronic medical databases were searched, and a hand-search of the reference lists of the collected articles was also performed. Studies with sufficient and relevant pathologic and clinical survival data were included. Other studies with insufficient data or normal findings were excluded. This study found 18 studies eligible for systematic review, 3 of which were eligible for outcome meta-analysis. IntraMLNs metastases were strongly correlated with axillary lymph nodes involvement. Positive IntraMLNs are reliable predictors of axillary lymph node involvement and therefore a guide for further surgical management of the axillary nodes. Even though it could be concluded that IntraMLNs @entity3 is an independent predictor of outcome, this meta-analysis was limited because of the scarcity of data and the inconsistencies and heterogeneity of the outcome studies.

title: The significance of intramammary lymph nodes in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Soil samples, and samples of leaves of Plantago major (great plantain) and grass (mixed species) were collected from the vicinity of an oil refinery in Zelzate, Belgium, and analysed for seven @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ). The samples from the site adjacent to the refinery (site 1) contained very high total @entity2556 -concentrations: namely 300, 8 and 2 microg/g dry wt. for soil, @entity9855 and grass, respectively. Concentrations in samples from more remote sites (up to 4 km from the refinery) were a factor of 10-30 lower than those from site 1, but between them the differences were small. The @entity2556 -profiles of the plant samples, in contrast with those of the soil samples, appeared to shift to higher contributions of gaseous @entity2556 with increasing distance from the refinery. This can be explained by particle-bound @entity2556 being deposited closer to the source than gaseous @entity2556 . It is suggested that particle-bound deposition is relatively more important for deposition to soil than to plants, due to blow-off and wash-off of the compounds from the leaves. The total @entity2556 -concentrations in the leaves of @entity9855 were higher than those measured in the grass samples, probably due to differences in aerodynamic surface roughness, leaf orientation and/or leaf age. However, the concentration ratios of @entity9855 /grass were not constant for the different sites, varying from 1.2 to 8.8. Therefore, it appears that a precise prediction of @entity2556 -concentrations for one plant species from known concentrations of another species is not possible. When errors in predicted concentrations need to be smaller than a factor of approximately 10, the sampling strategy has to be focussed on all species of interest.

title: XXXX in soil and plant samples from the vicinity of an oil refinery.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies on leisure time physical activity as risk factor or protective factor for knee or @entity570 ( @entity571 ) show divergent results. Longitudinal prospective studies are needed to clarify the association of physical activity with future @entity571 . The aim was to explore in a prospective population-based cohort study the influence of leisure time physical activity on severe knee or @entity570 , defined as knee or hip replacement due to @entity571 . METHODS: Leisure time physical activity was reported by 28320 @entity1 (mean age 58 years ( @entity168 7.6), 60% @entity1 ) at baseline. An overall leisure time physical activity score, taking both duration and intensity of physical activities into account, was created. The most commonly reported activities were also used for analysis. The incidence of knee or hip replacement due to @entity571 over 11 years was monitored by linkage with the Swedish hospital discharge register. Cox's proportional hazards model (crude and adjusted for potential confounding factors) was used to assess the incidence of @entity2720 , or osteotomy (knee), in separate analyses of leisure time physical activity. RESULTS: There was no significant overall association between leisure time physical activity and risk for knee or hip replacement due to @entity571 over the 11-year observation time. For @entity1 only, the adjusted RR (95% CI) for hip replacement was 0.66 (0.48, 0.89) (fourth vs. first quartile), indicating a lower risk of hip replacement in those with the highest compared with the lowest physical activity. The most commonly reported activities were walking, bicycling, using stairs, and gardening. Walking was associated with a lower risk of hip replacement (adjusted RR 0.76 (95% CI 0.61, 0.94), specifically for @entity1 (adjusted RR 0.75 (95% CI 0.57, 0.98)). CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study of middle-aged @entity1 and @entity1 , leisure time physical activity showed no consistent overall relationship with incidence of severe knee or @entity570 , defined as joint replacement due to @entity571 , over 11 years. For @entity1 , higher leisure time physical activity may have a protective role for the incidence of hip replacement. Walking may have a protective role for hip replacement, specifically for @entity1 .

title: Effect of leisure time physical activity on severe knee or XXXX leading to @entity2720 : a population-based prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint replacement']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis', 'hip OA']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['hip osteoarthritis']


abstract: AIMS: Clinical trials have established that @entity955 ( @entity955 ) catheter ablation improves symptoms in appropriately selected @entity1 . Confirmation of these results by long-term prospective observational studies is needed. This registry was created to describe the experience of 16 Italian centers with a large cohort of @entity955 @entity1 treated with catheter ablation guided by the NavX 3D mapping system. METHODS: From November 2006 to May 2008, 545 consecutive @entity1 (age 60.4        9.8, 67  % male) with paroxysmal (44  %), persistent (43  %), and long-standing persistent (13  %) @entity955 referred for catheter ablation guided by the NavX system, were included in this registry. For this paper, follow-up was censored at 24  months; however, @entity1 are being followed in the ongoing registry. RESULTS: Before the ablation, 80  % of @entity1 failed to respond to at least one antiarrhythmic drug aimed at rhythm control. Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation guided by a circular mapping catheter was performed in 70  % of @entity1 whereas non potential-guided PV encircling was performed in 30  % of @entity1 . In 67  % of @entity1 , additional left atrial (LA) substrate modification was performed. Image integration was performed in 9.2  % of @entity1 . Considering a 3-month blanking period, after a single-ablation procedure, the @entity1 had 1- and 2-year freedom from @entity955 recurrence of 67.4 and 57.0  % (36.1  % off antiarrhythmic drugs), respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that @entity955 recurrences during blanking (HR 2.1), and previous @entity955 (HR 3.3) were independent predictors of @entity955 recurrences. Major procedure-related complications occurred in 53 @entity1 (9.7  %). In 35 @entity1 (6.7  %), a repeat procedure was performed at a median of 5  months after the initial procedure. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective, multicenter clinical experience provides significant insights into current ablation care of @entity1 with @entity955 . Despite favorable outcomes, @entity532 rates appear higher than previously recognized.

title: Catheter ablation of XXXX guided by a 3D electroanatomical mapping system: a 2-year follow-up study from the Italian Registry On NavX @entity955 ablation procedures (IRON- @entity955 ).

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['real-world complication']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['AF ablation', 'atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Few studies have evaluated the growth pattern of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) in @entity1 with delayed treatment. This report investigated the growth rate and stage progression of incidentally discovered @entity1358 following a long period of active surveillance. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 who did not receive immediate surgical treatment for renal solid masses that later proved to be @entity1358 were reviewed retrospectively. @entity5 growth rates were calculated according to changes in the maximal diameter on CT or MRI. Clinical and pathological characteristics associated with @entity5 growth rate and stage progression were analyzed. RESULTS: The median @entity5 size grow from 2.14 (range, 0.30-6.70) cm to 4.33 (range, 1.40-8.80) cm after a median 46.0 months observation period. The average @entity5 growth rate was 0.80 (range, 0.16-3.80) cm/year. @entity1358 (0.86 cm/year) tended to grow @entity1358 (0.28 cm/year) (P = 0.066). The mean growth rate of grade 2 @entity5 (0.88 cm/year) was faster than that of grade 1 @entity5 (0.36 cm/year) (P = 0.041). Thirteen @entity5 (40.6%) were upstaged at a median 48 months after initial presentation. Cox regression analysis revealed @entity5 size as the only risk factor for upstaging (P = 0.018). No local and systemic recurrences were noted in our cohort after the intervention at a median of 47 (range, 6-248) months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: RCCs were found to be slow growing in a group of untreated @entity1358 @entity1 . However, some @entity5 progressed in stage under observation. The growth rate of @entity1358 tended to correlate with histologic grade and histologic subtype.

title: Growth pattern of @entity1358 ( XXXX ) in @entity1 with delayed surgical intervention.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['faster than papillary cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'Clear cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'initial tumor', 'Annual tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['RCC']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, in performing palatoplasty, @entity174 of the pterygoid hamulus is beneficial, detrimental, or neutral with respect to intraoperative and perioperative complications, hearing outcome, and speech outcome. DESIGN: Prospective, alternating. SETTING: Institutional, @entity2419 center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. @entity1 : A total of 173 @entity1 enrolled in the study, of whom 161 had charts available for analysis. INTERVENTIONS: During the performance of palatoplasty, 85 @entity1 received hamulus @entity174 and 76 @entity1 did not. All palatoplasties were performed by the same surgeon. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Surgical outcomes, including @entity1 demographic data, @entity164 , @entity190 , incidences of oronasal fistulae, temporary mucosal dehiscence, and @entity86 ; (2) otolaryngological outcomes, including hearing results as judged by auditory brainstem response testing, myringotomy tube data describing rates of tube extrusion, and culture results from sampled effusions; and (3) preliminary speech outcomes as described by judgments of overall velopharyngeal function from perceptual speech samples. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in any of the measured surgical, otolaryngological, or preliminary speech outcomes were found between the groups who did and did not receive hamulus @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, we are unable to advocate the performance of hamulus @entity174 as an operative maneuver during the performance of primary palatoplasty. The historical rationale and theoretical advantage of this maneuver have not been demonstrated here nor have any detrimental effects of the maneuver been measured.

title: The effect of hamulus XXXX on the outcome of palatoplasty: a preliminary report of a prospective, alternating study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['palatoplasty type and duration']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary cleft palate']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The cytotoxic effect of @entity840 lymphoid cells on @entity840 @entity157 cell lines in tissue culture was investigated, using the microplate technique of Takasugi and Klein (1970). The effect of lymphoid cells from @entity840 immunized against @entity5 cells was compared to that of cells from normal controls. Several ratios of effector to target cells (10 : 1, 50 : 1, 150: 1, 250 : 1) were used. In Hartley @entity840 immunized with @entity5 cells, peripheral blood lymphoid cells from 14/16 animals showed significant @entity137 against that @entity5 in culture. In a syngeneic @entity5 /host system, 7/13 animals showed @entity137 . Spleen cells gave less consistent results in both systems. The cytotoxic activity of subpopulations of immune lymphocytes against @entity5 cells in vitro was investigated. It was found that although both T-cell-enriched and T-cell-depleted cell populations exhibited @entity137 against @entity5 cells, the unfractionated cell population was the most effective. This suggests that some degree of cell cooperation may be involved in the @entity137 . Antibody-dependent cellular @entity137 was also obtained. A T-cell-depleted population of normal cells was shown to be cytotoxic to @entity5 cells in the presence of serum from immune animals. This type of @entity137 could be obtained concomitantly with cell-mediated @entity137 in the same animals.

title: @entity137 of @entity840 lymphoid cells against @entity840 XXXX cells in tissue culture.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumor', 'allogeneic tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity842 is an important neurotransmitter mediating internal anal sphincter relaxation. @entity1 suffering from fissure-in-ano were treated with topical @entity12118 . The clinical evidence for therapeutic adequacy was examined in a prospective, randomized study. METHODS: The study included 35 @entity1 with @entity4432 . In Group A, including 20 @entity1 with the clinical diagnosis of acute (12 @entity1 ) and chronic (8 @entity1 ) anal fissures, treatment consisted of topical @entity12118 . Group B, consisting of 15 @entity1 (10 acute and 5 chronic fissures), received topical anesthetic gel during therapy. Manometry was performed before and on days 14 and 28 in the course of topical application of either 0.2 percent @entity1242 ointment or anesthetic gel ( @entity3303 ). Anal pressures were documented by recording the maximum resting and squeeze pressures. RESULTS: In 60 percent of cases treated with topical @entity12118 (Group A, 11 acute (91.6 percent) and 1 chronic (12.5 percent)), anal fissure healed within 14 days, in contrast to Group B in which no healing was observed. The healing rate after one month was 80 percent (11 acute (91.6 percent); 5 chronic (62.5 percent)) in Group A and was significantly superior to Group B (healing rate, 40 percent: 5 acute (50 percent); 1 chronic (20 percent)). DISCUSSION: Previously increased maximum resting pressures decreased from a mean value of 110 to 87 cm @entity2507 . This represents a mean reduction of 20 percent (P = 0.0022). We also noted a significant decrease in squeeze pressures (from 177.8 to 157.9 cm @entity2507 (11 percent)). However, anal pressures did not decrease significantly in the four chronic fissure @entity1 from Group A, whose fissures only healed after 28 days. Similarly to these Group A chronic fissure @entity1 , no significant anal pressure reduction was observed in any Group B @entity1 . Except for mild @entity10 (20 percent), no side effects of treatment were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of @entity12118 represents a new, easily handled, and effective alternative in the treatment of anal fissures. All of our @entity1 reported a @entity12761 . However, it should be noted that a lack of sphincter tone reduction is a likely reason for the great tendency of chronic anal fissures to recur.

title: Local XXXX for treatment of anal fissures: an alternative to lateral sphincterotomy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic anal fissures']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['dramatic reduction in acute anal pain']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the validity of a selective endovascular-first approach for Rutherford 5 @entity63 ( @entity63 ). METHODS: We analyzed, retrospectively, 51 limbs in 46 @entity1 treated for Rutherford 5 @entity63 with @entity75 between 2010 and 2012. Endovascular therapy (EVT) and @entity954 ( @entity954 ) were performed initially in 28 and 23 limbs, respectively. The interventions were assigned according to the systemic condition and femoropopiliteal TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II classification. We investigated early wound healing rates (defined as healing within 90  days) and @entity11768 ( @entity11768 ) rates in the EVT and @entity954 groups. RESULTS: The @entity954 group had more TASC D lesions (P  <  0.0001). The early wound healing rate was significantly higher in the @entity954 group ( @entity954 46.1  % vs. EVT 14.3, P  =  0.0205); however, the @entity11768 rates did not differ significantly between the groups (P  =  0.4031). Preoperative walking ability significantly influenced @entity11768 (P  <  0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our selective endovascular-first approach did not worsen @entity11768 ; however, @entity954 yielded better early wound healing rates. Preoperative walking ability strongly influenced @entity11768 ; hence, @entity1 with good walking ability were good candidates for primary @entity954 . The indications for EVT for earlier wound healing still require better clarification.

title: Early-phase wound healing and long-term outcomes of a selective endovascular-first approach for treating Rutherford 5 XXXX with @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11768 :: ('MESH:C565682', 'Disease') :: ['amputation-free survival', 'AFS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['infrainguinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['open surgical revascularization', 'OSR']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the operative methods and curative effect of calcaneal tuberosity @entity174 . METHODS: A retrospective study was done to analyze 15 @entity1 with calcaneal tuberosity @entity174 who received surgical management between January 2008 and June 2011. There were nine males and six females, with the age ranging from 31 to 68 years (average, 51.4 years). All the @entity1 had unilateral acute injury, with the left foot in 7 cases and the right foot in 8 cases. According to the Beavis classification, there were three cases in type I and 12 cases in type II. All the cases in type I and 10 cases in type II were treated with open reduction and screw fixation. The other two cases in type II with larger fragment involving a portion of the subtalar joint were treated with plate and screw fixation. The effect of the treatment was assessed according to the ankle and hindfoot score system of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) after the operation. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were followed up for 12 to 36 months (average, 20 months). The healing time in these @entity1 ranged from 8 to 25 weeks (average, 12 weeks). The postoperative score ranged from 47 to 100 points (average, 91.1 points). Seven cases were rated as excellent, two as good, and one as poor. The rate of excellent and good was 90%. @entity39 and soft tissue and exposure of the plate happened in one @entity1 , who eventually healed after 3 weeks by debridement with plate preserved and peroneal artery perforator flap transplantation. Loss of reduction happened to another @entity1 , who was treated with revision surgery by open reduction and screw fixation again. CONCLUSION: To @entity1 with obvious @entity174 , whose soft tissues are irritated severely, emergency open reduction and internal fixation operation should be offered to prevent the @entity39 of the flaps as far as possible. To @entity1 with small @entity174 , it is advisable to choose open reduction and large diameter screw fixation, while plate and screw fixation may be better for the @entity1 with large fragments, especially for those with the @entity174 line extending to the subtalar joint.

title: Surgical management for avulsion XXXX of the calcaneal tuberosity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'fracture displacement']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'Necrosis of skin']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Since 1994 until the present day, we have had to surgically re-operate in five cases of failure with laparoscopic operations aimed at correcting @entity354 . Two of these cases came from our own @entity1 and three came under our observation from other centers. We applied fundoplication according to Nissen-Rossetti in three cases and the Rossetti-Hell operation in the other cases. One case involved recurrent @entity354 with a short oesophagus and fundoplication raised into the mediastinum. In one other case, there was recurrent hiatal herniation with a rotary as well as axial component and consequent mediastinal occupation. The other three cases featured persistent post-operative @entity1282 caused, in one case, by an error in the creation of the anti-reflux valve (perigastric cuff) and, in the other two, by erroneous choice of the anti-reflux operation: post-operative manometry showed important oesophageal hypo- @entity910 which should have indicated partial fundoplication. All the @entity1 underwent laparoscopic exploration. The @entity1 with the short oesophagus had to be converted for the performance of a total duodenal diversion, while the remaining four @entity1 underwent a total laparoscopic operation. The @entity1 with recurrent @entity357 had the @entity547 reduced in the abdomen and combined anterior and posterior hiatoplasty. In another three cases, total fundoplication was transformed into partial fundoplication according to Toupet. The post-operative course and clinical results were excellent in all five @entity1 . Stress is placed on the importance of accurate morphological and functional assessment of the oesophagus in the pre-operative stage so as to select the most suitable operation and in the post-operative stage in order to evaluate the causes of failure, the advantages of laparoscopy in terms of exposure of the operative field, the importance of certain technical details that optimize the results of the operation, and the efficacy of the laparoscopic approach also for the correction of most failures that demand re-operation.

title: Laparoscopic re-operation from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux', 'gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Past studies of relationships between @entity167 and @entity173 have generally focused on total @entity167 consumed and not type of @entity167 . Different types of @entity167 consist of varying components which may affect risk of @entity173 differentially. This study seeks to examine the relationship between @entity167 consumption, with a focus on type of @entity167 consumed (e.g. beer, wine, or hard liquor) and @entity173 risk in post-menopausal @entity1 . METHODS: The longitudinal cohort consisted of U.S. post-menopausal @entity1 aged 50-79 years enrolled between 1993-1998 in the @entity1 's Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Observational Study (N=115,655). RESULTS: @entity1 were categorized as non-drinkers, past drinkers, infrequent drinkers and drinkers by preference of @entity167 type (i.e. those who preferred wine, beer, hard liquor, or who had no strong preference). Mean @entity167 consumption among current drinkers was 3.3 servings per week; this was similar among those who preferred wine, beer and liquor. After adjustment for potential confounders, @entity167 preference was strongly correlated with @entity173 risk (p = 0.0167); in particular, @entity1 who preferred wine were at lower risk than non-drinkers (OR=0.78; 95% CI 0.64-0.95), past drinkers (OR=0.85; 95% CI 0.72-1.00), infrequent drinkers (OR=0.73; 95% CI 0.61-0.88), hard liquor drinkers (OR=0.87; 95% CI 0.71-1.06), beer drinkers (OR=0.72; 95% CI 0.55-0.95) and those with no strong preference (OR=0.89; 95% CI 0.89; 95% CI 0.73-1.10). CONCLUSIONS: Preference of @entity167 type was associated with @entity173 ; @entity1 who preferentially consumed wine had a lower risk of @entity173 compared to non-drinkers, past drinkers, and those with other @entity167 preferences.

title: Preference for wine is associated with lower XXXX incidence in post-menopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: Serial changes in plasma levels of @entity460 , @entity3151 , @entity1760 , alkaline phosphatase, and total proteins have been investigated in 138 healthy, term Caucasian @entity1 . Blood samples were obtained for each @entity1 from cord blood and on day 1 and day 6. The @entity1 were studied in three groups according to whether they were breast fed, received 'Ostermilk No. 1' or ' @entity291 and Gate V' formulas. Levels of @entity460 , @entity3151 , @entity1760 , alkaline phosphatase, and total proteins did not differ between the groups at birth or on day 1. By day 6 @entity460 levels were higher and @entity3151 levels lower in the breast-fed @entity1 compared with either of the artificially-fed groups. @entity3151 levels were lower in the V Formula group compared with the Ostermilk group but the mean @entity460 levels of these two groups did not differ significantly. However, only 2-8% of the V Formula group developed hypocalcaemia compared with 18-2% of the Ostermilk group. The only @entity1 developing clinical @entity116 belonged to the group fed Ostermilk. Evidence is also given which suggests that those @entity1 with low @entity460 levels on day 1 who were fed the high-solute milk tended to show a fall in @entity460 by day 6. This did not apply to the two other groups. It is concluded that the use of adapted @entity291 ' milk preparations for @entity1 feeding should lead to a reduction in the incidence of @entity116 .

title: XXXX , @entity3151 , and @entity1760 concentrations in plasma during first week of life and their relation to type of milk feed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus', 'Phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal tetany', 'tetany']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: 1. The effect of intravenous loading with 500 ml of @entity2827 solution (50 g/l) on plasma @entity916 concentration, plasma @entity1369 concentration, urinary @entity1372 excretion and mean blood pressure was studied in 15 young @entity1 with mild essential @entity101 and 10 healthy normotensive control subjects. 2. Plasma @entity916 concentration and plasma @entity1369 concentration were suppressed to the same degree during loading in both the @entity101 and normotensive groups. Urinary @entity1372 excretion was significantly higher in the @entity101 @entity1 than in the normotensive subjects. Mean blood pressure increased slightly in both groups. 3. Plasma @entity916 concentration and plasma @entity1369 concentration were significantly correlated in both groups before @entity1372 loading. The increase in urinary @entity1372 excretion was significantly correlated to the suppression of plasma @entity1369 concentration in the @entity101 , but not in the normotensive, group. No correlation was found between changes in urinary @entity1372 excretion and changes in plasma @entity916 concentration or mean blood pressure. 4. The results indicate that the suppressibility of the @entity916 - @entity1369 system by hyperosmotic @entity2827 solution is normal in young @entity1 with mild essential @entity101 . It is suggested that the changes in plasma @entity1369 concentration induced by @entity1372 loading might be involved in the regulation of exaggerated natriuresis in essential @entity101 .

title: The XXXX - @entity1369 system in exaggerated natriuresis of essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of routine uterine artery embolization (UAE) immediately after planned caesareans performed in the cath lab for conservative treatment of @entity8052 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included all @entity1 who had a planned caesarean in the cath lab for conservative treatment of @entity8052 at Angers University Hospital, which is a tertiary care centre, from April 2001 to September 2010. Twelve @entity1 underwent UAE immediately after caesarean with the placenta left partially or totally in situ. The success rate of embolization, @entity190 , and complications were reported. RESULTS: Diagnosis of abnormal placentation was confirmed by caesarean findings in 14 cases. Four @entity1 had a percreta form with @entity150 . In seven cases @entity190 was insignificant and UAE was prophylactic; no secondary @entity548 was observed in this group. Postpartum @entity548 occurred in five cases: control of immediate postpartum @entity548 by embolization was successful in three and failed in two leading to hysterectomy. In one case uterine @entity39 occurred 6 weeks after embolization, requiring a hysterectomy. @entity532 resulted in hysterectomy and partial bladder resection 3 months after delivery for one of the @entity1 with @entity8052 . CONCLUSION: UAE immediately after a caesarean performed in the cath lab is a feasible therapeutic option for conservative treatment of @entity8052 . Advantages include reducing stress and risks associated with transferring @entity1 with potentially unstable haemodynamics.

title: Planned caesarean in the interventional radiology cath lab to enable immediate uterine artery embolization for the conservative treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed complications']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder invasion']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta percreta', 'placenta accreta']

answer: @entity8052 :: (MESH:D010921,Disease) :: ['placenta accreta']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity259 is the fastest increasing @entity5 worldwide in all age groups. @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) is the most common type of @entity259 in both adults and @entity1 . @entity3557 genomic landscape has been extensively studied in adults, but information regarding sporadic pediatric @entity1 is lacking. Although @entity817 @entity8554 mutation is highly prevalent in adults, this mutation is uncommon in pediatric cases. As adult and pediatric @entity3557 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase-driven @entity5 , this altered pathway might be activated by different genetic events. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of AGK- @entity817 fusion gene, recently described in radiation-exposed pediatric @entity3557 , in a cohort of exclusively sporadic pediatric @entity3557 . The series consisted of 30 pediatric @entity3557 younger than 18  years of age at the time of diagnosis and 15 matched lymph node metastases (LNM). @entity5 and matched LNM were screened for the presence of the AGK- @entity817 fusion transcript by RT-PCR. To confirm the identity of the amplified products, randomly selected samples positive for the presence of the fusion transcripts were sequenced. Moreover, @entity817 dual-color, break-apart probes confirmed @entity817 rearrangement. Overall, the AGK- @entity817 fusion gene was detected in 10% (3/30) of @entity5 . For one of these cases, paired LNM was also available, which also shows the presence of AGK- @entity817 fusion gene. This study described, for the first time, the presence of AGK- @entity817 in sporadic pediatric @entity3557 . Understanding the molecular events underlying pediatric @entity3557 may improve preoperative diagnosis, allow molecular prognostication and define a therapeutic approach toward sporadic @entity3557 @entity1 .

title: AGK- XXXX gene fusion is a recurrent event in sporadic pediatric @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cancer', 'Primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: In cleaving @entity1238 eggs, the cell division cycle is abbreviated to a rapid succession of S and M phases. During mitosis a number of proteins show increased phosphorylation due to the activation of a histone H1 kinase, the homologue of the @entity2111 + gene product of the @entity375 @entity6739 . We have studied the regulation of the activity of this enzyme in cell-free extracts of @entity1238 eggs. In extracts of activated eggs incubated at 22 degrees C, histone H1 kinase activity shows two peaks of activation and disappearance. Activation occurs in two stages. The first stage requires protein synthesis, whereas the second does not. The second stage of activation involves post-translational activation of the kinase. Kinase activity rises to a peak and then abruptly disappears. Added sea urchin @entity7559 is degraded at the time of disappearance of kinase activity. The oscillation in kinase activity is then repeated, usually with lower amplitude. Post-translational activation of the kinase requires a membrane-containing particulate cellular component, whose role has yet to be defined. The kinase can still be activated in the presence of @entity1098 or in the presence of the @entity855 analogue, @entity20119 , which implies that phosphorylation of the kinase complex is not required for activation. Under these conditions, however, the kinase activity does not show its normal sudden disappearance, and added @entity7559 is perfectly stable. These observations are consistent with the idea that post-translational activation of the kinase involves protein phosphatase activity, whereas switching off the kinase requires an @entity855 -Mg2(+)-dependent reaction, perhaps due to protein phosphorylation

title: Temporal regulation of XXXX mitotic kinase activity and @entity7559 degradation in cell-free extracts of @entity1238 eggs.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity20119 :: ('MESH:C001020', 'Chemical') :: ['6-dimethylaminopurine']

answer: @entity2111 :: (379785(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['cdc2']


abstract: By means of LSAB and ABC techniques, the expressions of @entity876 , @entity1722 , @entity470 and ras were examined on 75 cases of @entity356 ( @entity356 ) specimens. RESULTS: (1) The positive rate of @entity876 , @entity1722 , @entity470 and ras expression was 41.3%, 18.7%, 61.3% and 46.7%, respectively. The early cases and the intestinal type cases of @entity356 had higher @entity876 positive rates than those of the advanced and the diffuse type ones, respectively. Two of 4 cases of severe @entity1141 lesions adjacent to @entity189 sites were positive. @entity1722 positive immunoreactivity was only localized in the @entity5 cells, and tissues adjacent to the @entity189 sites were negative. Higher frequencies of @entity1722 expression were found in the well-differentiated @entity356 . Positive correlation was found between @entity470 expression and degree of @entity5 of @entity356 . (2) No correlation was found between the expression of @entity1722 and @entity470 . (3) The expression of ras correlated positively with @entity470 expression, but negatively with @entity1722 (P < 0.05). (4) No correlation was found between the expression of @entity876 and other genes examined. The results demonstrate that many @entity2526 are present in the process of gastrocarcinogenesis.

title: [Multiple genetic expression abnormalities in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['gene abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: To quantify the utilization of ME by growing @entity1707 , a factorial analysis method is often used in which the ME intake is regressed on protein ( @entity1726 ) and @entity14391 ( @entity14391 ) rates. The approach has been criticized because there often is a strong correlation between @entity1726 and @entity14391 , which makes accurate estimation of model parameters difficult. The current study describes a nonlinear multivariate analysis procedure in which @entity1726 and @entity14391 are the result of variation in ME intake. The approach requires a hypothesis concerning the partitioning of ME intake above maintenance between @entity1726 and @entity14391 . The method was evaluated using data for growing @entity1707 of different genotypes and sex and weighing between 20 and 107 kg that were offered a diet close to ad libitum. Energy, @entity1568 , and fat balances were determined at regular intervals over the growing period. The maintenance energy requirement was expressed as a function of BW (with group-specific parameters) or as a function of muscle and visceral mass. The maintenance energy requirements ranged from 913 to 1,070 kJ ME/((kg BW).60.d) for @entity28 castrates and boars of a synthetic line, respectively. Viscera contributed 1,558 kJ ME/ ((kg tissue).70.d) to the maintenance energy requirement, whereas muscle contributed only 555 kJ ME/ ((kg tissue).70.d). It was assumed that the proportion of ME intake (above maintenance) designated for @entity1726 declined linearly with increasing BW. At 20 kg of BW, 49% of ME intake above maintenance was designated for @entity1726 in lean genotypes, whereas this was only 34% in @entity28 genotypes. In general, with increasing BW, less energy was designated for @entity1726 , but this relationship depended on genotype and sex. Extremely lean male genotypes maintained a constant partitioning of energy between @entity1726 and @entity14391 for all BW. The energetic efficiencies varied (depending on the model used to express the maintenance requirement) between .58 and .60 for @entity1726 and .77 and .82 for @entity14391 . Extrapolation of results suggested that animals fed at maintenance energy level would still deposit protein at the expense of body lipid. It is argued that this finding requires nonbiological efficiencies of lipid catabolism and protein synthesis and illustrates the limitation of the maintenance concept for growing animals. The multivariate analysis method proposed here circumvents many of the problems associated with the factorial regression analysis of ME intake on @entity1726 and @entity14391 . The method can be used to further refine nutritional models describing growth in @entity1707 .

title: Energy partitioning in growing XXXX : the use of a multivariate model as an alternative for the factorial analysis.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity14391 :: ('MESH:D011017', 'Disease') :: ['lipid deposition', 'LD']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study aimed to assess the effect of pre- and postnatal @entity286 smoke exposure on specific sensitization to food allergens and inhalant allergens during the first 3 years of life. METHODS: A total of 342 @entity1 of a prospective and observational birth cohort study on atopy ( @entity4262 ) were included on the basis of a complete follow-up of specific IgE measurements at the ages of 1, 2, and 3 years with available questionnaire information about the parental smoking habit at birth, 18 months, and 3 years of age. Study @entity1 were grouped into four exposure categories representing in utero and postnatal environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) exposure, and according to the number of cigarettes smoked by the parents. The effect on the development of allergic sensitization to food, outdoor, and indoor allergens by 3 years of age was determined by multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: At the age of 3, @entity1 who were pre- and postnatally exposed to @entity286 smoke had a significantly higher risk of sensitization to food allergens (odds ratio: 2.3, 95% C.I.: 1.1-4.6) than unexposed @entity1 . @entity1 who were only postnatally exposed by a smoking mother also had a 2.2 times higher risk (95% C.I.: 0.9-5.9) of sensitization than unexposed @entity1 . These two categories (pre- and/or postnatal exposure) contribute to the significant overall effect of the @entity286 smoke exposure (P< or =0.02). No significant association between @entity286 smoke exposure and specific sensitization to inhalant allergens was observed. The determining risk factors for this type of sensitization were @entity1097 family history and mite- and cat-allergen exposure levels. CONCLUSIONS: During the first 3 years of life, both prenatal and postnatal @entity286 smoke exposure has an adjuvant effect on allergic sensitization which seems to be restricted to allergens to which @entity1 are mainly exposed, in combination with the peak of the ETS exposure around the first birthday.

title: Effect of pre- and postnatal XXXX smoke exposure on specific sensitization to food and inhalant allergens during the first 3 years of life. Multicenter Allergy Study Group, Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Single-agent therapy with @entity1205 or Pemetrexed is the current therapy of choice for second-line treatment in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The role of older agents was underattended over the last years. This study presents the combination of @entity1138 and @entity1206 in pretreated @entity1 . Forty-two @entity1 (stage IIIB and IV, pretreated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy) received 8 mg m(-2) @entity1138 on day 1 and 25 mg m(-2) @entity1206 on days 1 and 8 of a 28-day cycle. End points were objective @entity5 response, survival, and @entity137 . Additionally, quality of life (QoL) was assessed. Five @entity1 (11.9 %) achieved partial responses and 13 @entity1 (31.9%) stable disease. Progression-free survival was 16 weeks. The median overall survival was 8.5 month. Eleven @entity1 (26.2 %) suffered from grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 and four @entity1 (9.52%) from grade 3 or 4 @entity417 . Evaluation of QoL showed that some items ameliorated during therapy. The therapeutic concept including @entity1138 and @entity1206 offers an efficacious and well-tolerated regimen, with relatively low @entity137 . Objective response and survival data correlate with other second-line studies using different medication. As costs of @entity1138 and @entity1206 are lower compared with current drugs of choice, this regimen is likely to be cost-saving.

title: @entity1138 and XXXX for second-line chemotherapy in @entity1149 --a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['Vinorelbine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of B-ultrasound on the evaluation of the effects of traditional Chinese medicine compound of Radix astragali, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Angelica sinensis, and TCM + @entity2039 on liver @entity82 in @entity95 with @entity2040 . METHODS: The hepatic @entity82 model in @entity95 with @entity2040 was established. The experimental animals (24 @entity95 ) were randomly divided into four groups (group A, B, C and D, n=6). Group A (control group) was only treated by @entity2039 ; Group B was treated by mixture of Radix astragali and Salvia miltiorrhiza + @entity2039 ; Group C was treated by mixture of Radix astragali and Angelica sinensis + @entity2039 ; Group D was treated by mixture of Radix astragali, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Angelica sinensis + @entity2039 . Then B-ultrasonogram was used to evaluate the effects. RESULTS: Each group showed certain curative effect on liver @entity82 in @entity95 with @entity2040 . The efficacy of group B, C and D was better than group A, and that of group D was the best. The differences in long diameter, thickness diameter, transverse diameter and portal vein inner diameter of liver before and after treatment were statistically significant (P<0.05). The liver function indexes and liver @entity82 indexes were significantly improved after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The mixture of Radix astragali, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Angelica sinensis combined with Western medicine treatment can obviously improve the efficacy on liver @entity82 of @entity2040 .

title: Effect of Chinese herbal compound on liver @entity82 in @entity95 with XXXX by B-ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to quantify the proportion of @entity10479 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in whom @entity66 ( @entity66 ) therapy was initiated within 12 months following diagnosis, to determine mean time to initiation, to compare the characteristics of initiators versus noninitiators, and to identify factors associated with noninitiation. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using claims from the databases of commercial managed care and Medicare supplemental managed care to identify @entity1 with claims containing codes for @entity309 dated January 1, 2004, through September 30, 2008. The percentage of @entity1 with @entity309 and a prescription for a @entity66 within 12 months after the index date (initiators) was evaluated. The characteristics of @entity66 initiators and noninitiators during the preindex period were compared, including demographic and clinical characteristics, health care resource utilization, and cost variables. The probability of @entity66 initiation was determined using survival analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed to estimate mean time from diagnosis to @entity66 initiation based on demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: Of 26,911 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity309 identified in the database searches, 63% had been prescribed a @entity66 within 12 months after diagnosis. @entity66 initiators were significantly more likely to have had a rheumatologist visit and rheumatoid factor testing and were more likely to have received a @entity228 and/or an NSAID (all, P < 0.001). @entity66 initiators had significantly lower total costs ( 10,534 vs  12,725, respectively) and pharmacy drug costs ( 2438 vs  2822) over the preindex period compared with noninitiators (both, P < 0.001). Independent factors associated with a greater likelihood of @entity66 initiation included a rheumatologist visit, rheumatoid factor testing, NSAID use, and corticosteroid use. Age >= 85 years and the presence of comorbidities were associated with a significantly lower likelihood of @entity66 initiation. CONCLUSIONS: Among managed care enrollees in the present analysis, 37% of @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity309 were not being treated with DMARDs in the first 12 months after diagnosis. Time to @entity66 initiation plateaued after 90 days, suggesting that if a @entity1 was not prescribed a @entity66 soon after @entity309 diagnosis, he or she was not likely to receive one.

title: Factors associated with the initiation of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in newly diagnosed XXXX : a retrospective claims database study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DMARD', 'disease-modifying antirheumatic drug']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: During aging, musical activities can help maintain physical and mental health and cognitive abilities, but their rehabilitative use has not been systematically explored in @entity1 with @entity303 (PWDs). Our aim was to determine the efficacy of a novel music intervention based on @entity15285 the caregivers of PWDs to use either singing or music listening regularly as a part of everyday care. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighty-nine PWD-caregiver dyads were randomized to a 10-week singing @entity15285 group (n = 30), a 10-week music listening @entity15285 group (n = 29), or a usual care control group (n = 30). The @entity15285 sessions consisted primarily of singing/listening familiar songs coupled occasionally with vocal exercises and rhythmic movements (singing group) and reminiscence and discussions (music listening group). In addition, the intervention included regular musical exercises at home. All PWDs underwent an extensive neuropsychological assessment, which included cognitive tests, as well as mood and quality of life (QOL) scales, before and after the intervention period and 6 months later. In addition, the psychological well-being of family members was repeatedly assessed with questionnaires. RESULTS: Compared with usual care, both singing and music listening improved mood, orientation, and @entity2414 and to a lesser extent, also attention and executive function and general cognition. Singing also enhanced short-term and working memory and caregiver well-being, whereas music listening had a positive effect on QOL. IMPLICATIONS: Regular musical leisure activities can have long-term cognitive, emotional, and social benefits in mild/moderate @entity303 and could therefore be utilized in @entity303 care and rehabilitation.

title: Cognitive, emotional, and social benefits of regular musical activities in early XXXX : randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['remote episodic memory']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Reported paraneoplastic @entity16 (PNS) are rare disabling @entity16 with supposed autoimmune pathogenesis. The aims of this study were to evaluate frequency, clinical course and therapeutic response in the cohort of PNS positive @entity1 (n=10) in the Czech Republic for the first time. Second, we determined the presence and distribution of oligoclonal IgG bands (OB IgG) in PNS and compared the clinical and laboratory features of OB IgG positive and negative @entity1 . A total of 2355 suspicious serum and/or CSF samples were screened by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry with definite confirmation by Western blot. OB IgG were detected by isoelectric focusing and immunoenzymatic staining and clinical status was scored according to modified @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). Four patients had anti-Yo antibody, @entity43 and the score in range (2-5) on @entity2653 . Five patients had anti-Hu antibody, @entity151 ( @entity151 ), @entity263 and the score between 1-4 grade on @entity2653 . One @entity1 with @entity151 and anti-Ri antibody had grade 2. Five of 10 @entity1 with PNS had positive OB IgG and average value 4.2 on @entity2653 comparing with negative OB IgG patients with average value 2.6. Finally, we add well-defined cohort of PNS @entity1 to emerging European profile of PNS and conclude that the presence of OB IgG in PNS seems to reflect enhanced immune response with more severe @entity16 and clinical course.

title: Paraneoplastic @entity16 - XXXX ' cohort profile in the Czech Republic.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['RS', 'Rankin scale']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological syndromes', 'neurological damage', 'neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in the radiographic examination of the chest in @entity1 with post-traumatic @entity2914 (PTDH) confirmed intra-operatively. METHODS: Between January 1990 and August 2008 45 @entity1 with PTDH were treated. We analyzed demographic data, cause of injury, changes in chest radiography (CXR), extent and location of the diaphragmatic lesion and herniated organs. We described the radiographic findings most frequently identified by surgeons and radiologists. RESULTS: CXR was performed on 32 @entity1 , predominantly male (27 cases, 84.4%) and the mean age was 34 years. The most common cause of @entity1913 (25 cases, 78.1%). Radiographic examination of the chest showed changes suggestive of PTDH in 26 cases (81.3%). During exploratory laparotomy, left PTDH was found in 28 cases (87.5%) and right in four (12.5%). The most frequently herniated organ was the stomach. CONCLUSION: The study showed that CXR is very useful in the initial diagnostic approach to PTDH. The difficulty is that diaphragmatic injuries, particularly after penetrating @entity130 , may initially go unnoticed, and without changes in the CXR images, diagnosis is made difficult.

title: Plain chest radiographs for the diagnosis of post-traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['injury was blunt trauma']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been reported that Rosa damascena hydroalcoholic extract has inhibitory effect at higher concentration but stimulatory action at lower concentrations on ileum. This could be due to the presence of stimulatory components in the extract. R. persica Mich. is another species which belongs to Rose family but so far there is no report about pharmacological action of its extract. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate inhibitory effect of hydroalcoholic and @entity4315 extract of this plant on ileum contraction to see which type of extract would be more appropriate as antispasmodic agents. Hydroalcoholic and @entity4315 extracts were prepared by percolation method. A section of @entity35 ileum was suspended in an organ bath containing Tyrode's solution. The tissue was kept under 1 g tension at 37  C and continuously gassed with @entity3612 . Effects of R. persica extracts or vehicle were studied on ileum contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS), @entity10406 or @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) and compared with that of @entity3897 . Hydroalcoholic extracts of R. persica (10-640  g/ml) concentration dependently inhibited ileum contraction induced by @entity10406 (IC50 = 244    35  g/ml), @entity3451 (IC50 = 129    7.4  g/ml) and EFS (IC50 = 172    18.7  g/ml). @entity4315 extract of R. persica (10-320  g/ml) concentration dependently inhibited ileum contraction induced by @entity10406 (IC50 = 117    12.4  g/ml), @entity3451 (IC50 = 78    9.1  g/ml) and EFS (IC50 = 67    10.5  g/ml). @entity3897 only inhibited the responses to @entity3451 and EFS. The vehicle had no significant effect on ileum contractions. From this experiment it was concluded that R. persica extract have inhibitory effect on @entity35 isolated ileum. Therefore, separation and identification of active component is recommended.

title: Assessment of hydroalcoholic and XXXX extracts of Rosa persica Mich. flower on @entity35 ileum spasm.

entities_list: @entity4315 :: ('CHEBI:29021', 'Chemical') :: ['hexane', 'Hexane']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4315 :: (CHEBI:29021,Chemical) :: ['hexane']


abstract: Disruption of the normal viscoelastic properties of the superficial lamina propria (SLP) results in aberrant vocal fold vibration and mucosal wave propagation. Therefore, an investigation was performed to determine whether stroboscopy is a reliable method for 1) differentiating invasive @entity189 from intraepithelial atypia or 2) determining the depth of @entity3 . An analysis was done on the preoperative vocal fold vibration characteristics of 62 keratotic (intraepithelial, 45; @entity5 , 17) lesions that were subsequently resected by means of microlaryngoscopy. Histopathology and intraoperative mapping were used to specify the depth of invasion. A panel of 4 blinded judges was used to assess the amplitude of vocal fold vibration and the magnitude of mucosal wave activity in the region of the lesion from videostroboscopic recordings. The final comparative data set comprised only those ratings that achieved at least 75% interjudge agreement. Of the 28 intraepithelial lesions that could be reliably evaluated for amplitude of vocal fold vibration, only 2 were normal, with the amplitude reduced in 24 and absent in 2. Of the 30 intraepithelial lesions in which mucosal wave activity could be reliably assessed, only 2 were normal, with the wave reduced in 24 and absent in 4. Furthermore, amplitude of vocal fold vibration and magnitude of mucosal wave propagation were @entity189 in which the depth of microinvasion did not reach the vocal ligament. According to the findings herein, reduced amplitude of vocal fold vibration and/or mucosal wave propagation associated with @entity9284 did not reliably predict the presence of @entity5 or the depth of @entity3 into the laminae propriae. However, the presence of a flexible mucosal wave probably indicates that there is not extensive vocal ligament invasion. Reductions in the amplitude of vocal fold vibration and in mucosal wave magnitude were usually noted in intraepithelial atypia, despite the fact that there was no invasion into the SLP. The reduced epithelial pliability could be due to bulky @entity9284 and/or alteration of the SLP occurring as a result of @entity32 or fibrovascular scarring.

title: Stroboscopic assessment of vocal fold XXXX and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['absent in 2 of 4 carcinomas', 'glottic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['keratosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['cancer invasion']

answer: @entity9284 :: (MESH:D007642,Disease) :: ['keratosis']


abstract: AIMS: Although intracranial dissecting @entity439 (IDA) is a newly described variant of the @entity438 that affects mainly the vertebrobasilar arterial system, its pathogenesis remains obscure. We aimed to clarify the role of @entity4288 in the pathogenesis of IDA based on histopathological findings in seven autopsy cases of IDA. METHODS AND RESULTS: All cases exhibited systemic @entity101 or @entity4346 . Macroscopically, all cases exhibited @entity510 . Two types of dissection were recognized in the vertebral artery. Six of seven IDA cases showed a widespread disruption of the entire thickness of the arterial wall with the formation of a dilated @entity2849 , which consisted of thin adventitia (arterial wall disruption type). Medial disruption of the arterial wall and subadventitial dissecting @entity548 were also found, resulting in the formation of a false lumen and stenosis of the 'true' lumen of the artery. However, these lesions were connected to the site of rupture of the entire arterial wall. Within 1 day after onset of IDA, the autopsy cases showed formation of fibrin @entity715 , marked leucocyte infiltration and @entity39 of the arterial wall at the site of the lesion. Cases that survived more than 1 week showed smooth muscle cell proliferation, macrophage accumulation and @entity2617 in the lesions. These cases showed no @entity731 , but non-atherosclerotic fibrocellular intima. The thickness of intima and media was significantly less in the vertebral artery of IDA @entity1 than that of non-IDA @entity1 with systemic @entity101 . On the other hand, the remaining case showed severe @entity731 with @entity548 into the lipid core without connection to the arterial lumen (intra- @entity1856 plaque @entity548 type). However, unusual arterioles and neovascularization of the intra-and peri-arterial walls were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that disruption of the entire arterial wall may be a critical event in the development of IDA and result in the medial disruption and subadventitial @entity548 . Non- @entity1856 intima might function as a protective factor in arterial wall disruption. On the other hand, @entity731 may predispose to intra- @entity1856 plaque @entity548 type of IDA through @entity548 originating from the newly formed vessels.

title: Different roles of XXXX in the rupture of intracranial dissecting @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intramural haemorrhage', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['brain aneurysms']

answer: @entity4288 :: (MESH:D001161,Disease) :: ['arteriosclerosis']


abstract: Based on continuous monitoring of the pressure reactivity index (PRx), we defined individualized @entity428 ( @entity428 ) thresholds by graphing the relationship between @entity428 and PRx. We hypothesized that an " @entity428 dose" based on individually assessed @entity428 thresholds might correlate more closely with 6-month outcome compared with @entity428 doses derived from the recommended universal thresholds of 20 and 25 mmHg. Data from 327 @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) were analyzed. @entity428 doses were computed as the cumulative area under the curve above the defined thresholds in graphing @entity428 versus time. The term Dose 20 (D20) was used to refer to an @entity428 threshold of 20 mm Hg. The markers D25 and @entity38484 were calculated similarly. The discriminative ability of each dose with regard to mortality was assessed by receiver operating characteristics analysis using fivefold cross-validation (CV). @entity38484 was found to be the best discriminator of mortality, despite the fact that D20 was twice as large as @entity38484 . Individualized doses of intracranial @entity101 were stronger predictors of mortality than doses derived from the universal thresholds of 20 and 25 mm Hg. The PRx could offer a method of individualizing the @entity428 threshold.

title: XXXX -Specific Thresholds and Doses of Intracranial @entity101 in Severe @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study highlights and validates a @entity2625 -based wound healing strategy for treatment of surgically closed facial wounds in a @entity4806 population. The authors identified @entity4806 @entity1 undergoing primary @entity3384 repair as a specific population to evaluate the outcomes of such a protocol. Through analysis of defined outcome measures, a reliable and reproducible protocol for postoperative wound care following primary @entity3384 repair with favorable results is described. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzes wound healing outcomes in @entity4806 @entity1 undergoing primary @entity3384 repair from 2006 to 2011 at a tertiary @entity4207 center. The wound healing protocol was used in both primary unilateral and bilateral repairs. One hundred fortysix @entity1 between the ages of 0 and 4 years underwent primary @entity3384 repair and cleft rhinoplasty by a single, fellowship-trained craniofacial surgeon. Postoperatively, wounds were treated with half-strength @entity273 and @entity3637 , as well as scar massage. Incisional dehiscence, @entity2805 , and reoperation were studied. Outcomes were evaluated in light of parent compliance, demographics, preoperative nasoalveolar molding (PNAM), and diagnosis. RESULTS: The authors identified 146 @entity1 for inclusion in this study. There was no wound or incisional dehiscence. One hundred twenty-four @entity1 demonstrated favorable cosmetic outcome. Only 3 (2%) of @entity1 who developed suboptimal outcomes underwent secondary surgical revision (> 1 year after surgery). Demographic differences were not statistically significant, and PNAM treatment did not influence outcomes. CONCLUSION: These data validate the use of halfstrength @entity273 and @entity3637 as part of a wound healing strategy in @entity4806 incisional wounds. The use of @entity273 produced comparable outcomes to previously published studies utilizing other wound healing strategies and, therefore, these study findings support the further use of this regimen for this particular population.

title: Local Wound Care for Primary XXXX Repair: Treatment and Outcomes With use of Topical @entity273 .

entities_list: @entity3637 :: ('MESH:D001414', 'Chemical') :: ['bacitracin']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar formation, discoloration, infection']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['Cleft Lip']


abstract: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is the most common @entity1 @entity600 . The morbidity and mortality of @entity299 @entity1 are significantly higher than normal population even after surgical correction of @entity299 , which is likely caused by @entity74 . To date, genetic causes for @entity299 remain largely unknown. @entity41277 gene encodes a T-box transcription factor that plays pivotal roles in cardiac morphogenesis and is required for maintaining adult heart function and maturation. Mutations in @entity41277 gene have been reported in familiar and sporadic @entity299 @entity1 . However, the promoter region of @entity41277 gene has not been genetically analyzed in @entity299 @entity1 . As @entity41277 functions as a dosage-dependent regulator during the heart development, we hypothesized that the sequence variants within the promoter region of the @entity41277 gene may contribute to @entity299 . In this study, we bi-directionally sequenced the promoter region of the @entity41277 gene in 265 @entity1 with @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) and 242 controls. Within the promoter region of the @entity41277 gene, one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), @entity41278 ( @entity41279 ), and one novel heterozygous variant @entity41280 , which was linked with @entity41278 ( @entity41279 ), were found in both @entity1757 @entity1 and controls with similar frequencies. A novel heterozygous variant, @entity41281 , was found in one @entity1757 @entity1 , but in none of controls, which significantly inhibited the transcriptional activities of @entity41277 gene promoter, suggesting that the variant may contribute to the @entity1757 etiology. Therefore, our data provides new information with respect to @entity41277 gene mutations in @entity299 @entity1 .

title: Genetic analysis of the @entity41277 gene promoter region in XXXX with @entity1757 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart disease', 'cardiac defects', 'CHD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although Bentall's operation has become a routine procedure for @entity1580 ( @entity1580 ), few reports on its effects on operative mortality in elderly @entity1 have been published. The results of Bentall's operation for @entity1580 on 4 elderly @entity1 were reviewed. There were two males and two females in the series. The ages ranged 71 to 77 years with an average of 73. The etiology of @entity439 was syphilitic in three and @entity1294 in one @entity1 . All @entity1 had @entity1580 , @entity337 and ascending @entity449 . Of all these @entity1 , 1 had a subacute Type A dissecting @entity439 , 1 had a proximal arch @entity439 and 1 had an @entity449 plus a sacciform descending aortic @entity439 . All @entity1 had composite graft replacement with coronary reimplantation. Three @entity1 received the concomitant operative procedures including aortic arch replacement and CABG to right coronary artery with saphenous vein graft. All @entity1 survived operation. Postoperative @entity8982 and NYHA classification showed remarkable improvement and serious complications were not found in spite of old age. In the late postoperative period, all @entity1 were alive and well from 4 to 6 years after operation. Bentall's operation can be performed in elderly @entity1 with @entity1580 .

title: [A clinical investigation of Bentall's operation for XXXX in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['AAE', 'annuloaortic ectasia']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['annuloaortic ectasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of latanoprost on the diurnal variations in the intraocular pressure (IOP) combined with the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in @entity1 with normal tension @entity726 (NTG). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-two eyes from 22 @entity1 with NTG were used for the study. The diurnal variations in the IOP and blood pressure (BP) were measured every 3 hours without therapy, and then the @entity1 were treated with latanoprost (0.005%) once daily for more than 12 weeks. The diurnal variations in the IOP and BP under medication were again measured every 6 hours. The diurnal variation of IOP for 24 hours, mean diurnal IOP, maximum IOP, minimum IOP, range of variation in IOP, OPP, and BP were compared between the baseline and after treatment by means of a paired t test. RESULTS: At 3 months after the start of the latanoprost treatment regimen, the IOP showed a statistically significant decrease at every assessed time point over 24 hours (P<0.001). Latanoprost significantly reduced the mean diurnal IOP, maximum IOP, minimum IOP, and mean range of variation in the IOP values from baseline (P<0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and 0.009, respectively). OPP after treatment showed no significant difference at any assessed time points from the baseline (P>0.1). Latanoprost did not significantly alter the mean diurnal OPP (P>0.1), and BP (P>0.5) from the baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Latanoprost was thus found to significantly reduce IOP over 24 hours, whereas it does not affect OPP and BP in NTG @entity1 . Therefore, it may be a useful medication for NTG.

title: Effect of latanoprost on the diurnal variations in the intraocular and ocular perfusion pressure in normal tension XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE A) is secreted by some strains of @entity4195 and is strongly associated with streptococcal @entity137 (STSS), a severe and often fatal illness. SPE A possesses a number of biological properties, some of which are shared with a group of exotoxins of streptococcal and staphylococcal origins, the pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs). SPE A's most extensively studied property is superantigenicity. Superantigenic activation of T cells and monocytes stimulates the release of cytokines such as @entity5 necrosis factors alpha and beta, interleukin 1, and gamma interferon. These endogenous mediators are considered to be the primary cause of capillary leak, @entity551 , and shock, the most severe manifestations of STSS. However, several studies have suggested that other properties of SPE A, such as ability to greatly enhance host susceptibility to endotoxin and ability to interact directly with endothelial cells, may play substantial roles in the syndrome. In this work we generated single- and double-site mutations of SPE A at residues K16, N20, C87, C90, C98, K157, S195, N20/C98, and N20/K157. The mutant SPE A's were analyzed in vivo for their lethal activity and in vitro for their superantigenic ability. Our results indicate that SPE A's ability to induce lethality and endotoxin enhancement does not require superantigenicity, and conversely superantigenicity does not necessarily lead to lethality. Thus, these properties and their relative contributions to the onset of @entity551 and shock may be separable. Furthermore, evidence is presented that certain mutant toxins may be suitable for use as vaccine toxoids.

title: Analysis of XXXX of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A mutants.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The survival rate in 709 @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) was calculated by the log rank test. There were 297 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and 412 @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). In both diseases there was a survival rate of about 94% in the first year of observation against an expected rate of 99.5% in a general population matched for sex and age. This was because a large number of @entity1 were severely ill at their first admission and required immediate or early surgery. During the subsequent 11 years the @entity204 rate in @entity29 was higher (two to three times) than in the general population. After 12 years the survival rate was about 77% in both @entity30 and @entity31 . The difference was statistically insignificant. There was no significant difference in the sex ratio. The @entity5 rate was low. No @entity1820 occurred among @entity1 with @entity30 . @entity14 was found in four @entity1 with @entity31 , three of whom presented with @entity5 on their first admission. It is concluded that recurrence and reoperation for recurrence in @entity30 have not impaired the prognosis compared to @entity31 in this series.

title: Survival rate in @entity30 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['CIBD', 'chronic inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intraprocedural transcranial Doppler sonography has identified multiple microembolic events during and immediately after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or angioplasty, yet the rate of clinically evident @entity64 is small. To determine the significance of the transcranial Doppler sonography findings, we examined @entity1 by use of diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging before and immediately after CEA for evidence of clinically silent @entity63 events. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity731 of the carotid arteries underwent diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging performed, on average, 3 days before and 12 hours after CEA. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired in three orthogonal directions at b = 900. Pre- and postoperative neurologic examinations were performed by the same physician. RESULTS: After endarterectomy, 4.0% of the @entity1 (one of 25 @entity1 ) showed a single, cortical focus of restricted diffusion and new fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity, measuring <1 cm in diameter, ipsilateral to the CEA. The postoperative neurologic examination showed no change in status from the preoperative baseline state. This @entity1 had an intraoperative course complicated by the development of a large luminal thrombus, necessitating thrombectomy. CONCLUSION: The use of diffusion-weighted imaging may serve to improve conspicuity of clinically silent @entity1188 after CEA. An important next step is to determine the risk factors that predispose to detectable parenchymal @entity63 events.

title: Detection of clinically silent XXXX after carotid endarterectomy by use of diffusion-weighted imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarcts']