abstract: BACKGROUND: Features of @entity39 and various interventions could affect the biomechanics of the femoral head. A three-dimensional finite-element analysis was designed to demonstrate @entity39 femoral head stress changes with various sizes of @entity39 , and evaluate the effect of @entity11608 rods on preventing femoral head cracking. METHODS: Femoral computed tomography scans were used to build a normal three-dimensional finite-element femoral head model in a computer. Based on the normal model, @entity39 models of different lesion diameters (15 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm) were created, as were the repaired models with @entity11608 rods for each diameter. After a series of meshing and force loading, the von Mises stress distributions, simulating single-legged stance, and stresses on specific points under loaded conditions were determined for each model. RESULTS: Deep exploration into the burdened area of the femoral head indicated that higher stresses to the femoral head were observed with a larger @entity39 ; the largest stress concentration, 91.3 MPa, was found on the femoral head with a lesion diameter of 30 mm. By contrast, topical stress on the surface of the @entity39 regions was lowered following implantation of a @entity11608 rod, and the changes in stress were significant in models with lesions of 15 mm and 30 mm in diameter, with the best biomechanical benefit from the @entity11608 rod found with a lesion diameter of 15 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Femoral heads with larger @entity39 usually have a higher stress concentration and a higher risk of collapse. Various sized lesions on the femoral head can benefit from the mechanical support offered by the implantation of a @entity11608 rod; however, femoral heads with smaller sized lesions may benefit more. A thorough evaluation of the lesion size should be conducted prior to the use of @entity11608 rod implants in the treatment of femoral @entity39 .

title: Biomechanical supporting effect of XXXX rods for the femoral head with various sized lesions: a finite-element analysis.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrotic lesions', 'head necrosis', 'necrotic lesion']

answer: @entity11608 :: (MESH:D013635,Chemical) :: ['tantalum']


abstract: @entity341 ( @entity341 ) are an important source of medical care in the United States. Information is limited concerning epidemiologic patterns of @entity2613 visits for @entity166 . Data for 2001 from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) were analyzed for @entity166 . The NHAMCS is a national probability sample survey of visits to hospital @entity341 and outpatient departments of non-federal, short-stay, and general hospitals in the United States. Data are collected annually and are weighted to generate national estimates. In 2001, an estimated 19.8 million visits were made to hospital @entity341 for @entity166 (rate=71 visits/1,000 @entity1 ). @entity1 under 15 years old made 36% of these visits and had the highest rate of visits (rate=119 visits/1,000 @entity1 ). The rate of visits for females was 37% higher than for males (82 versus 60/1,000 @entity1 ). Although the white population had the highest volume of visits, the rate of visits for blacks was more than twice that of whites (130 versus 64 visits/1,000 @entity1 ). Laboratory tests were ordered in 84% of visits. An estimated 18% of visits to the @entity341 concern @entity166 . The issue of health care access and @entity2613 use is complex and the reasons for the higher rate of visits for blacks than for whites are not fully understood.

title: XXXX treated in emergency departments: United States, 2001.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'infectious disease visits']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Emergency departments', 'EDs']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['Infectious diseases']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 underwent a radical operation for sigmoid @entity694 (well-differentiated @entity420 , stage III) in 1989. Chest X-ray examination performed in September 1992 showed multiple nodular shadows in the lungs. A diagnosis of pulmonary @entity3 was made from abnormally increased @entity787 and CA 19-9 and findings by chest tomography and CT scanning. There was no evidence of @entity3 or recurrence in the liver, bone, brain or large intestine. He received three courses of bolus injections of @entity4181 (30 mg/body) and @entity1487 (500 mg/body), each over five consecutive days with a two-week rest period, and subsequently weekly at the same doses. @entity787 and CA 19-9 levels started to decrease after completion of the second course of consecutive treatment. In week 18 of chemotherapy, @entity787 and CA 19-9 levels dropped to 5.6 ng/ml and 32 U/ml from 66 ng/ml and 130 U/ml, respectively. Chest tomography and chest CT showed the disappearance or reduction in size of the nodules, with a reduction rate of 87.1%. Twenty-two weeks later, at this writing, there was no evidence of disease progression, and the @entity1 was thus judged to be PR. He continues to receive chemotherapy at our outpatient clinic.

title: [A case of @entity694 which responded to treatment with XXXX and @entity1487 ].

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: The biological potential of @entity5 cells is best evaluated at the organ site orthotopic to the @entity5 cells. Recent studies have documented site-specific differences in the potential of @entity5 cell growth. However, orthotopic implantation of @entity150 cells into bladders of @entity19 only resulted in a low @entity5 yield. We have developed a new model that consists of a @entity35 bladder transplanted into the retroperitoneal space and connected to a reservoir s.c. placed in a nude @entity19 . @entity35 malignant @entity150 cells (MYU3L and LMC19) transfected with the @entity1 @entity2124 gene as a biomarker were introduced into the transplanted bladder by percutaneous puncture of the attached reservoir. Successful uptake was indicated by a progressive rise in the hGH level in the bladder aspirate. When examined at 6-16 weeks post transplantation, all @entity19 that had received MYU3L (n = 6) or LMC19 (n = 6) cells were found to have invasive @entity189 . MYU3L was highly invasive, forming multiple peritoneal implants, but was not metastatic. LMC19 was deeply invasive and metastasized to the retroperitoneal and subclavian lymph nodes and the lungs (4/6). Of two @entity1 @entity150 cell lines (RT4 and T24) tested, RT4 formed multiple minute @entity5 in five of six bladders, two of which were minimally invasive to the muscle layer. @entity1 cells formed only one to two small @entity5 in three of six bladders, and these were confined to the lamina propria. This system appears promising for studies of the mechanism of @entity5 invasion and @entity3 and for evaluation of antineoplastic agents.

title: A new in vivo model for studying invasion and @entity3 of @entity35 and XXXX @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'papillary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone (hGH)']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sensitivity of @entity2213 (IM) on Sup-B15 Ph    @entity981 ( @entity981 ) cells knockdown of @entity3545 ( @entity3545 ), and to further explore its mechanism. METHODS: @entity3545 in @entity1 @entity1778 cells was stably knock downed via lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (named as Sup-B15/shVEC). The inhibitory effects of IM on @entity1 /shVEC and @entity1 @entity1778 cells were measured by CCK-8 test, and the apoptosis of those cells was determined by AnnexinV/7-AAD dyeing using flow cytometry, the percentage of @entity2280   @entity3053    @entity1778 cells also by flow cytometry. @entity14215 mRNA levels were detected by real-time RT-PCR, and protein levels of @entity3545 , @entity5439 , @entity1861 and @entity3546 by Western blot. RESULTS: IM treatment presented inhibitory effects on @entity1 /shVEC and @entity1 @entity1778 cells at multiple concentrations of IM. The IC50 of IM on @entity1 /shVEC and @entity1 @entity1778 cells were 25.1 mol/L and 18.7 mol/L, respectively (P<0.05). After 48h of 20  mol/L IM treatment, the percentages of apoptosis cell in @entity1 /shVEC cells and @entity1 cell were (13.52  2.06)% and (3.03  0.72) %, respectively (P<0.05). The percentage of @entity2280   @entity3053    cells in @entity1 cells was significantly higher than in @entity1 /shVEC cells [(2.39  0.28)% vs (0.96  0.07)%, P<0.05). As compared to @entity1 cells, the transcription of @entity14215 in Sup-B15/shVEC was remarkably downregulated, and the @entity5439 protein level was also downregulated in @entity1 /shVEC cells. Both cytoplasmic and nucleic @entity3546 protein levels (but not for @entity1861 levels) decreased in @entity1 /shVEC cells as compare to @entity1 cells. CONCLUSION: Knockdown of @entity3545 sensitized @entity1 Ph+ @entity981 cells to IM. The possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon might be via inhibiting @entity3546 nucleic translocation and facilitating @entity3546 degradation.

title: [Effect of @entity3545 on sensitivity to XXXX in Sup-B15 Philadelphia chromosome positive @entity981 cells].

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['Imatinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate an outbreak of @entity2381 in a @entity1778 and bone marrow transplant (BMT) unit and to improve environmental assessment strategies to detect @entity11792 . DESIGN: Epidemiological investigation and detailed environmental assessment. SETTING: A tertiary-care university hospital with a 37-bed @entity1778 and BMT unit @entity1 : Leukemic or BMT @entity1 with @entity3 identified through prospective surveillance and confirmed by chart review. INTERVENTIONS: We verified the diagnosis of invasive @entity364 by reviewing medical charts of at-risk @entity1 , performing a case-control study to determine risk factors for @entity281 , instituting wet mopping to clean all floors, providing N95 masks to protect @entity1 outside high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered areas, altering traffic patterns into the unit, and performing molecular typing of selected @entity11792 isolates. To assess the environment, we verified pressure relationships between the rooms and hallway and between buildings, and we compared the ability of large-volume (1,200 L) and small-volume (160 L) air samplers to detect @entity11792 spores. RESULTS: Of 29 potential @entity3 cases, 21 were confirmed by medical chart review. Risk factors for developing @entity3 included the length of time since @entity5 was diagnosed (odds ratio [OR], 1.0; P=.05) and hospitalization in a @entity1 room located near a stairwell door (OR, 3.7; P=.05). Two of five A. flavus @entity1 isolates were identical to one of the environmental isolates. The pressure in most of the rooms was higher than in the corridors, but the pressure in the oncology unit was negative with respect to the physically adjacent hospital; consequently, the unit acted essentially as a vacuum that siphoned non-HEPA-filtered air from the main hospital. Of the 78 samples obtained with a small-volume air sampler, none grew an @entity11792 species, whereas 10 of 40 cultures obtained with a large-volume air sampler did. CONCLUSIONS: During active construction, @entity11792 spores may have entered the oncology unit from the physically adjacent hospital because the air pressure differed. Guidelines that establish the minimum acceptable pressures and specify which pressure relationships to test in healthcare settings are needed. Our data show that large-volume air samples are superior to small-volume samples to assess for @entity11792 in the healthcare environment.

title: Refinements of environmental assessment during an outbreak investigation of @entity3 in a XXXX and bone marrow transplant unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus', 'Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the analgesic efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty in treating osteoblastic and mixed spinal @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 underwent 59 vertebroplasty procedures for 103 painful vertebral @entity3 , among which 53 were pure osteoblastic and 50 were mixed (blastic and lytic). Analgesic efficacy was classified as "excellent," "good," "fair," and "poor." The @entity1 were followed up at 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, 2 years, and 5 years. The mean follow-up period was 17 months. RESULTS: The analgesic efficacy rate was 86% at 1 month and 92% at 6 months (among which 71% of @entity1 had "excellent" results and 21% had with "good" results). In most cases, it was stable. It was correlated with @entity3574 quality (Fisher test, P = .0932 at 1 month follow-up) but neither with filling volume (Mann-Whitney test, P = .143 at 1 month) nor with the vertebral structure, pure blastic or mixed (Fisher test, P = .784 at 1 month). There were 5 filling failures (4.7%) whose occurrence was correlated with the pure blastic structure of the vertebra (Mann-Whitney test, P = .033). Local clinical complications were observed in 5 cases (8.5%): 1 transitory radiculalgia (1.7%), 2 durable radiculalgias (3.4%), 1 @entity1971 (1.7%), and 1 hemothorax (1.7%). General clinical complications were 2 @entity1151 (3.4%). No @entity1 died. The occurrence of clinical complications was not correlated with the vertebral structure (Fisher test, P = .279). CONCLUSION: Vertebroplasty for osteoblastic and mixed @entity3 allows, with a well-trained operator, a satisfactory anesthesia with acceptable clinical complication rates.

title: Osteoblastic and mixed spinal XXXX : evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral filling']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolisms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: In this review we discuss the symptoms, etiology and therapy of reversible @entity347 following surgery. Acute @entity911 states and @entity933 still pose difficult and unsolved problems in our operative wards and intensive care units. They are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following geriatric surgery. It is necessary to keep a watchful eye for signs of mild @entity73 . Slight disorientation, minor fear, @entity308 or delusions can be the first step towards an @entity146 or @entity2146 . @entity73 and a reduction in the operative level are useful guidelines. In most cases more than one etiological factor contributes to the psychopathology. The list of possible causes is long and the frequency and importance varies greatly. Preexisting @entity303 , unrecognized @entity519 , massive surgical procedures, extracorporeal circulation during cardiac surgery, drug and @entity167 withdrawal, @entity281 and the use of multiple medications with cerebral side effects can all interfere. A total, but reversible cerebral alteration or sometimes local damage with @entity51 is thought to be part of the pathomechanism. Disorders of the blood-brain barrier, changes in transmitter turnover, disturbances in the circadian rhythm and REM sleep phases are also being considered. When attempting to make a diagnosis, one should look for signs of @entity16 , withdrawal reactions and exclude or verify major or menacing etiological factors. The therapeutic strategy consists of treatment of the underlying organic diseases, consistent and attentive care that provides orientation and support, and carefully selected medication. The change in pharmacokinetics during old age, and the anticholinergic or other confusion-inducing properties in drugs should be remembered. The administration of either minor or major tranquilizers should be in accordance with a clear treatment strategy.

title: [Postoperative transitory syndrome and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral impairment', 'Changes in cognitive skills']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusional']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['delirious restlessness']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic mental disorders']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to present a case of RAO in a 13  year old @entity1 with a preceding history of hyperextension of the neck at her hairdressers for a long duration and use of her mobile phone handset resting it against the side of her neck presumably exerting some pressure on carotids during the same time. Materials and methods of this study was reported as case report and review of literature. A 13  year-old @entity1 presented with the @entity1019 due to an inferior @entity732 (BRAO). She underwent extensive investigations and no underlying cause was discovered. She gave a history of cervical extension over a long period of time while having the hair coloured twice in the preceding week. She also mentioned that she was using her mobile phone more or less continuously during both these occasions keeping it against her neck. Given the above history it is possible that the pressure on the ipsilateral carotid arteries or the prolong neck extension may have been responsible for the formation of a platelet @entity887 resulting in the BRAO. In conclusion, although cerebro-vascular accidents due to 'beauty @entity64 ' (JAMA 269:2085-2086, 1993) have been reported previously it has not been reported in @entity1 to our knowledge. On the other hand, 'beauty @entity64 ' occurs due to a dissection of the vertebral arteries or due to mechanical compression of the vertebral arteries during the prolonged hyperextension of the neck. The central retinal artery originates from the internal carotid circulation and it is highly unlikely for an @entity887 to enter the retinal circulation from the vertebral arteries. Therefore, the authors favour the possibility that the compulsive use of a mobile phone exerting pressure on the carotid arteries for a long time may have led to the formation of an @entity887 and subsequent RAO in this case.

title: Retinal artery occlusions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['parlor stroke syndrome']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['temporal branch retinal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['left supero-nasal scotoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical activity and @entity137 of a novel chemotherapy combination regimen of @entity136 plus @entity900 , administered every three weeks, in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six previously untreated stages III (14) and IV (12) @entity1 were included. @entity136 was administered on days 1 and 8 at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 and @entity900 was administered at a dose of 100 mg/m2 on day 1, every 21 days. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were evaluable for response. One @entity1 achieved a complete response, and 16 @entity1 partial responses. The overall response rate was 65.3% (95% CI: 45%-82%). The main @entity137 was hematological: neutropenia NCIC-CTC grade 3-4 in 54% of the @entity1 , and @entity882 grade 3-4 in 23%. The non-hematological @entity137 was mild and tolerable. Only 13% of @entity136 injections were dose-reduced or omitted due to @entity137 . The actual dose-intensity of @entity136 was 715 mg/m2/week, and 31 mg/m2/week for @entity900 . These figures represent the 86% and 93% of the theoretical dose intensity of both drugs, respectively. With a median follow-up of 10 months (range 7-13), 17 @entity1 are still alive and nine have died. The median overall survival is 12 months. CONCLUSION: This novel combination of @entity136 and @entity900 administered every three weeks is well tolerated and induces a remarkably high response rate. The regimen proves more interesting than the four-week schedules, particularly regarding @entity1 who are candidates for local therapy.

title: A phase II study of a novel @entity136 plus @entity900 regimen administered every three weeks for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Between 1981 and 1994 at the Bergmannsheil Ruhr University Hospital in Bochum, Germany, we treated 145 @entity1 with femoral diaphyseal nonunions following initial operative treatment. Of these @entity1 , 138 received this initial operative treatment at an outside institution. The primary reconstructions for the @entity174 utilized plates in 112 cases, reamed nails in 24 cases and external fixators in 9 cases. The average age of the @entity1 was 35 years and the mean time from the initial operative treatment was 2 years. Twenty-seven @entity1 (19%) presented with a @entity1184 nonunion and 118 (81%) with an @entity3202 nonunion. There was a significant correlation between primary "classic" plating and development of an @entity3202 nonunion (chi 2-test: P < 0.01). We observed 34 wound @entity281 (23%) with no significant correlation to the type of primary osteosynthesis. We determined that 73 of the @entity1516 were due to improper osteosynthesis techniques. Of these cases, 41% involved the use of plates, 83% involved the use of reamed nails, and 78% involved the use of external fixators. @entity174 location near the diaphyseal-metaphyseal junctions was common in this problematic group. Ninety-two percent of all plates led to @entity3202 . There were 21 open @entity174 and of these 90% (n = 19) developed an @entity1516 and 29% (n = 6) developed a wound @entity281 . Fifty-seven (39%) of all @entity1 had additional injuries, but we found that did not increase the risk of disturbed @entity79 . Our revision operations focused on the elimination of wound @entity281 , refreshment of @entity79 , and improvement in fragment stability. Only 28% of all "classic" plates and 11% of all external fixators were changed to an intramedullary implant at the time of the first revision surgery. @entity1184 required a mean of 1.3 revision operations to achieve @entity79 whereas a mean of 2 revision operations were necessary to fuse @entity79 ends (P < 0.05). In cases of diaphyseal @entity1516 healing time was not affected by the type of osteosynthesis used for primary reconstructions. Since lack of @entity174 healing can often already be observed directly from postoperative X-rays, we recommend that revision procedures be performed early. The prolonged length of time to care for femoral nonunions underlines the importance of appropriate primary @entity174 treatment. That takes into consideration both the biomechanical and the biological aspects of @entity79 .

title: [Diaphyseal femur XXXX --only a technical problem?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic nonunions', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic', 'atrophic nonunions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic bone', 'bone healing']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthroses', 'atrophic pseudarthrosis', 'pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudarthroses']


abstract: We examined the bone mineral densities (BMDs) of young adult @entity1 and analyzed the factors associated with @entity1555 differences. Between 1993 and 2002, all male freshmen in the Wakayama Medical University, Japan were recruited into the present study, which included a self-administrated questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurements, and @entity1555 measurements of the spine and hip. Of a total of 387 freshmen, 382 (98.7 %; mean age, 20.3 years; age range, 18-29 years) completed the study. The mean BMDs of the spine ( @entity2586 ) and femoral neck (FN) were 1.21 (standard deviation, 0.13) g/cm(2) and 1.12 (0.14) g/cm(2), respectively. The @entity2586 BMDs were not associated with age, while FN BMDs were significantly inversely associated with age. The BMDs at @entity2586 and FN were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI). After adjustment for age and BMI, multivariate regression analysis indicated that BMDs at @entity2586 and FN were associated with current longer exercise duration ( @entity2586 , p = 0.024; FN, p = 0.001), those at @entity2586 with milk intake (p = 0.024), and those at FN with consuming breakfast (p = 0.004). Similarly, habits of consuming breakfast and exercising longer (on a weekly basis) during high school were linked with significantly higher @entity2586 and FN BMDs. High-impact activities during high school significantly influenced the later BMDs. In conclusion, to maximize peak bone mass, consuming breakfast and completing a longer duration of stronger exercise in the late high school years for at least 10 h per week is recommended.

title: Consuming breakfast and exercising longer during high school increases bone mineral density in young adult XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cellular differentiation is the process, by which a cell changes from one cell type to another, preferentially to the more specialized one. @entity460 fluxes play an important role in this action. Differentiated @entity19 or PC12 cells serve as models for studying neuronal pathways. @entity19 cell line is a reliable model of cholinergic neuronal cells. These cells differentiate to a neuronal phenotype due to the @entity8279 ( @entity5393 ) treatment. We have shown that a slow @entity3287 donor - @entity15495 - can also act as a differentiating factor in @entity19 cell line. @entity460 is an unavoidable ion required in @entity19 cell differentiation by both, @entity5393 and @entity15495 , since cultivation in EGTA completely prevented differentiation of these cells. In this work we focused primarily on the role of reticular @entity460 in the process of @entity19 cell differentiation. We have found that @entity5393 and also @entity15495 decreased reticular @entity460 concentration by different mechanisms. @entity15495 caused a rapid decrease in type 2 sarco/endoplasmic @entity460 ATPase ( @entity14571 ) mRNA and protein, which results in lower @entity460 levels in the endoplasmic reticulum compared to the control, untreated group. The @entity5393 revealed rapid increase in expression of the type 3 IP3 receptor, which participates in a @entity460 clearance from the endoplasmic reticulum. These results point to the important role of reticular @entity460 in a @entity19 cell differentiation.

title: Slow @entity3287 donor @entity15495 differentiates @entity19 neuronal cells through different intracellular transporters than XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity3287 :: ('CHEBI:26822', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfide']

answer: @entity5393 :: (MESH:D003994,Chemical) :: ['dbcAMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity and type 2 @entity6 are associated with @entity121 mitochondrial metabolism. As an intrinsic characteristic of an individual, skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction could be a risk factor for @entity1017 and @entity28 -associated co-morbidities, such as type 2 @entity6 . On the other hand, @entity121 could be a consequence of @entity28 . We hypothesize that marked @entity353 after bariatric surgery recovers skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. METHODS: Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function as assessed by high-resolution respirometry was measured in 8 morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index [BMI], 41.3  4.7 kg/m(2); body fat, 48.3%  5.2%) before and 1 year after bariatric surgery (mean @entity353 : 35.0  8.6 kg). The results were compared with a lean (BMI 22.8  1.1 kg/m(2); body fat, 15.6%  4.7%) and @entity28 (BMI 33.5  4.2 kg/m(2); body fat, 34.1%  6.3%) control group. RESULTS: Before surgery, @entity857 ( @entity857 )-stimulated (state 3) respiration on @entity2227 / @entity4588 was decreased compared with lean @entity1 (9.5  2.4 versus 15.6  4.4 O2 flux/mtDNA; P<.05). One year after surgery, mitochondrial function was comparable to that of lean controls (after @entity353 , 12.3  5.5; lean, 15.6  4.4 O2 flux/mtDNA). In addition, we observed an increased state 3 respiration on a lipid substrate after @entity353 (10.0  3.2 versus 14.0  6.6 O2 flux/mtDNA; P< .05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity121 mitochondrial function is a consequence of @entity28 that recovers after marked @entity353 .

title: Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in morbidly @entity28 XXXX is normalized one year after bariatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['impaired skeletal muscle', 'impaired skeletal muscle metabolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The role of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the @entity2339 and the @entity2338 in ensuring the corticosteroid feedback of the pituitary-adrenocortical system (PACS) in @entity35 was characterized by administration of increasing doses of @entity701 . The doses 100, 300 and 1200 micrograms/100 g b.w. of @entity701 were administered intraperitoneally. The injection of @entity701 in the dose of 1200 micrograms/100 g b.w. reduces the @entity43758 -induced rise of ACTH content in plasma. The reduction of pituitary reactivity to @entity43758 was not observed with the injection of smaller doses of @entity701 . The involvement of the @entity2339 in ensuring the corticosteroid feedback was estimated by the suppression of the stress-induced PACS reaction in animals with bilateral PVN lesions. The inhibition of the stress-induced @entity11013 did not occur in animals with the PVN lesions if they were treated with @entity701 in the dose of 100 and 300 micrograms/100 g b.w. At the dose of 1200 micrograms/100 g b.w. the inhibition of the stress-induced reaction is observed but it is less pronounced as compared to the control. The conclusion is made that at small, close to physiological doses of @entity701 (100 and 300 micrograms/100 g b.w.) the PACS inhibition is ensured by PVN involvement into the feedback pathways. At supraphysiological doses of @entity701 (1200 micrograms/100 g b.w.) the inhibition of PACS reaction is performed due to not only the hypothalamic PVN but the reduction in the pituitary reactivity.

title: Corticosteroid feedback: II. Role of XXXX and @entity2338 .

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['hypophysis']

entities_list: @entity43758 :: ('MESH:D010909', 'Chemical') :: ['pituitrin']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity11013 :: ('MESH:C565152', 'Disease') :: ['corticosteroid rise']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['hypothalamus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Venom immunotherapy (VIT) practice is the definitive treatment for @entity1 with potentially fatal @entity56 to Hymenoptera stings. The aim is assesing compliance of VIT practice in Poland with the current European Academy of @entity566 and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guidance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicentre study was carried out using a structured questionnaire which was sent by post to all VIT practitioners in Poland. Some questionnaire items were altered, in comparison to original version by adding additional answer options or alowing multiple answer option. The response rate was 100%. The obtained results were compared with the published EAACI guidelines. RESULTS: Twenty-six Polish centres took part in the survey. SSIgE and skin prick tests (SPT) are together used as the first line of investigation, whereas confirmatory intradermal tests (IDT) are applied in half of centres. Only a few centres measure baseline serum tryptase levels. The ultra-rush protocol is preferred. @entity16206 pre-medication is routinely practiced. A target dose equal to 100   g is used in most centres. A 6-week interval between booster doses is the most frequent. Five years is considered as an optimal VIT duration. Before the VIT completion, SSIgE is evaluated in fifty percent of centres, whereas sting challenge is considered by half of responders. CONCLUSIONS: There are some differences between current practice in Poland and the EAACI recommendations, indicating areas requiring better compliance. Comparision between Poland and the United Kingdom revealed that health service organization and health care funding may play a major role in the provision of @entity566 services. This may affect the extent to which international guidance may be applied in individual countries. It is worth considering conducting the same survey in other European countries.

title: Congruence of the current practices in Hymenoptera venom allergic XXXX in Poland with EAACI guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['Antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Frizzled (FZD) genes encode seven-transmembrane type WNT receptors, which are implicated in @entity105 and embryogenesis. We have previously cloned and characterized @entity13031 , @entity13032 , @entity13033 , @entity13034 , @entity13035 , @entity13036 , @entity13037 , @entity13038 , and @entity13039 . Here, we investigated expression profiles of all members of the FZD gene family in @entity1 @entity356 . FZD mRNAs were detected by one-step cDNA-PCR. Specificity of cDNA-PCR was confirmed by @entity377 sequence analyses of cDNA-PCR products. Among seven @entity356 cell lines, @entity13037 was up-regulated in MKN7, which was consistent with a previous report. @entity13035 was up-regulated in MKN45. @entity29656 and @entity13039 were up-regulated together in TMK1 and MKN74. @entity13032 was up-regulated in TMK1, MKN7, MKN28, MKN45, MKN74 and KATO-III. Among 10 cases of primary @entity356 , @entity29656 was up-regulated in 2 cases, @entity13032 and @entity13038 were up-regulated in 4 cases. Effects of @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) on expression of FZDs were further investigated, and it was revealed that FZDs were not up-regulated by @entity1534 in @entity1 cells. These results indicate that @entity13032 , @entity13038 , and @entity29656 might play key roles in @entity1 @entity356 .

title: Expression profiles of 10 members of Frizzled gene family in XXXX @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To confirm and quantify any association between @entity1482 and upper @entity360 and @entity1066 . DESIGN: Population based case-control study. SETTING: A primary care information database in the Netherlands. @entity1 : All @entity1 on the database who were aged 18 or more between 1 January 1996 and 30 September 2003. @entity1 with a history of @entity988 or @entity1820 were excluded. Ten controls were matched to each case of @entity10189 or upper @entity360 by age (year of birth), sex, and index date. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence of an upper gastrointestinal event ( @entity548 or @entity1066 ), adjusted for potential confounders with conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Within the source population of 306 645 @entity1 , 523 cases of @entity2275 or upper @entity360 were identified and matched to 5230 controls. Current use of @entity1482 was associated with a 2.7-fold (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 6.0) increased risk of a gastrointestinal event. CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity10189 or upper @entity360 is significantly increased in @entity1 using @entity1482 .

title: XXXX and risk of upper gastrointestinal events: population based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer', 'gastroduodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric or duodenal ulcer']

answer: @entity1482 :: (MESH:D013148,Chemical) :: ['Spironolactone']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intrauterine @entity3303 instillation in reducing @entity1 discomfort during saline solution infusion sonohysterography (SIS). DESIGN: A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING: Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isparta. @entity1 : One hundred-six @entity1 who underwent SIS. INTERVENTIONS: Fifty-three @entity1 were allocated to the @entity3303 group and 53 to the saline solution group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main outcome measures were the intensity of @entity158 during, immediately after, and 20 minutes after the procedure, assessed by a visual analog scale and the @entity1 ' distress evaluated by the physician with a 3-point observer scale. There were no statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group in mean age, parity, past cervical surgery, history of chronic @entity2371 and @entity1834 , history of curettage, education, socioeconomic status, menopausal status, volume of saline solution infused (mL), tenaculum use, and indication for SIS. @entity158 scores demonstrated a statistically significant difference between groups during the procedure (placebo 5.09 +/- 1.25 [95% CI 4.74-5.43], @entity3303 3.90 +/- 1.02 [95% CI 3.61-4.18], p <.001); immediately after procedure (placebo 4.03 +/- 0.89 [95% CI 3.78-4.27], @entity3303 3.16 +/- 0.67 [95% CI 2.97-3.34], p <.001); and 20 minutes after procedure (placebo 3.32 +/- 0.54 [95% CI 3.17-3.46], @entity3303 2.43 +/- 0.72 [95% CI 2.23-2.62], p <.001). No significant @entity158 relief in nulliparous @entity1 was obtained by the use of @entity3303 (4.88 +/- 1.01 [95% CI 4.60-5.15], 3.88 +/- 0.86 [95% CI 3.64-4.11], 3.22 +/- 0.55 [95% CI 3.06-3.37], respectively; p >.05). @entity158 rated by the physician during, immediately after, and 20 minutes after the procedure was significantly different between the groups (p <.001), and a significant correlation was noted between the visual analog @entity158 score and the @entity1 ' distress recorded by the physician (r = 0.816, r = 0.697, r = 0.676; p <.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Intrauterine @entity3303 seems to be effective in decreasing @entity158 in parous @entity1 undergoing SIS.

title: Intrauterine @entity3303 infusion for XXXX relief during saline solution infusion sonohysterography: a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The management of acute @entity1566 has traditionally concentrated on preventative measures as well as, for the better part of the previous century, conservative care. Pharmacologic interventions, in particular intravenous @entity1667 therapy, have shown modest improvements in clinical trials and are still undergoing evaluation. More recent interest has focused on the role of surgical @entity5663 , particularly "early" surgery. A review of the current evidence available in the literature suggests that there is no standard of care regarding the role and timing of surgical decompression. There are insufficient data to support overall treatment standards or guidelines for this topic. There are, however, Class II data indicating that early surgery (<24 hours) may be done safely after acute SCI. Furthermore, there are Class III data to suggest a role for urgent decompression in the setting of 1) bilateral facet dislocation and 2) incomplete @entity1566 with a @entity16 @entity1 . Whereas there is biologic evidence from experimental studies in animals that early decompression may improve neurologic recovery after SCI, the relevant time frame in @entity1 remains unclear. To date, the role of decompression in @entity1 with SCI is only supported by Class III and limited Class II evidence and accordingly can be considered only a practice option. Accordingly, there is a strong rationale to undertake prospective, controlled trials to evaluate the role and timing of decompression in acute SCI.

title: The role and timing of decompression in acute XXXX : what do we know? What should we do?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologically deteriorating']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['reduction and decompression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The cockroach has been reported as a major allergen in inner city @entity748 @entity1 . The retrospective chart review of 799 @entity1 tested over a 10-year period (1981-1991) derived from a private @entity566 practice and a university @entity566 clinic is reported. @entity1 from both groups were divided geographically by home @entity10688 codes into inner city, suburban, or rural small town populations. Criteria for positive skin tests were wheal greater than 5 mm for prick and greater than 10 mm for intradermal tests with flare. Overall, 36.9% (295/799) of all @entity1 surveyed were positive by either prick or intradermal skin testing. Cockroach reactivity was observed in 38.6% (95/246) of the private @entity1 tested with 36.2% (200/553) of the university @entity1 showing positive results. The inner city populations in both groups of @entity1 were similar with 43.7% and 40.3% of the private and university @entity1 , respectively, testing positive, with an overall positivity of 41% for all inner city @entity1 . Inner city and rural small town populations for both study groups demonstrated almost identical reactivity with 41% and 43% overall positivity, respectively. Of the suburban group, 37.5% of the private @entity1 and 28.8% of the university @entity1 had reactive skin tests results with an overall rate of positivity of 30.1%. This rate (30.1%) is significantly less than the rate for either inner city (41.0%, P < .05) or rural small town (43.6%, P < .01) populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in Kentucky: a comparison of inner city, suburban, and rural small town populations.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['Cockroach allergy']


abstract: CONTEXT: Despite the large body of literature on breakthrough @entity5 ( @entity28687 ), an accurate estimate of @entity28687 prevalence is still not available. OBJECTIVES: To provide an estimate of @entity28687 prevalence and investigate the  association between different prevalence rates and possible determinants. METHODS: We conducted MEDLINE and EMBASE searches for studies published from 1990 to 2012 reporting data on @entity28687 prevalence in @entity5 populations. Pooled prevalence rates from observational studies with an acceptable methodological quality were computed. The association between @entity28687 prevalence and possible predictors was investigated using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. RESULTS: Twenty-seven observational studies were identified. When quality criteria were applied, only 19 studies were included in the pooled analysis. The overall pooled prevalence was 59.2%, with high heterogeneity. The lowest prevalence rates were detected in studies conducted in outpatient clinics (39.9%), and the highest prevalence was reported in studies conducted in hospice (80.5%). The association between @entity28687 prevalence and other determinants such as publication year, age, gender, metastatic disease prevalence, or baseline @entity158 intensity did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: In the context of a large between-studies heterogeneity, more than one in two @entity1 with @entity5 also experiences @entity28687 , with some variability according to clinical and organizational variables.

title: Prevalence of breakthrough XXXX : a  systematic review and a pooled analysis of published literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adult cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: Plasma levels of soluble forms of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) and their relationships with carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) were investigated in community residents. Plasma levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble @entity4725 (sVCAM-1) were measured by ELISA in 200 community residents in Japan. Carotid @entity121 showed a weak but significant positive correlation with the plasma levels of both sICAM-1 (r=0.175, p=0.013) and sVCAM-1 (r=0.19, p=0.0075). Gene polymorphisms of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) insertion/deletion (I/D), @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) @entity7742 , @entity7743 ( @entity7743 ) @entity7744 and @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) were determined for each subject. The plasma level of sVCAM-1 tended to be lower in subjects with the @entity1289 DD genotype than in those with the @entity1289 ID and II genotypes (373+/-94, 421+/-133, 443+/-135 ng/ml, respectively, p=0.056). However, there were no genotype-specific differences in the plasma levels of soluble forms of CAMs for the other genes examined. In a separate analysis, the plasma level of sICAM-1 was significantly associated with @entity1004 in @entity1289 D carriers (ID + DD) (r=0.28, p=0.002), @entity2178 M carriers (MT + MM) (r=0.32, p=0.0045), and subjects with @entity2204 (r=0.35, p=0.036). In contrast, the plasma level of sVCAM-1 showed significant positive correlations with @entity1004 in subjects with the @entity1289 II genotype (r=0.33, p=0.0027) or @entity2178 TT genotype (r= 0.22, p=0.015), and subjects with @entity2204 @entity4805 or E3/E3 (r=0.16, p=0.043). Stepwise regression analysis showed that plasma sVCAM-1 was independently associated with @entity1004 in subjects with the @entity1289 II genotype or @entity2204 genotype. Similarly, the plasma level of sICAM-1 was independently associated with @entity1004 in @entity2178 M carriers. These findings suggest that genetic background could be involved in the association between plasma CAMs and @entity731 .

title: Genotype-specific association between circulating soluble cellular adhesion molecules and carotid XXXX in community residents: J-SHIPP study. Shimanami Health Promoting Program.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid IMT']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apoE', 'apoE4', 'apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor', 'AT1R']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['intima-media thickness']


abstract: PURPOSE: The role of a combined regimen of local @entity221 and topical chemotherapy in @entity1 with multifocal and recurrent superficial @entity150 not curable by transurethral resection was evaluated in a neoadjuvant organ sparing clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 19 @entity1 with multifocal, superficial grades 1 to 3 @entity150 that recurred after intravesical chemoprophylaxis or immunoprophylaxis underwent local combined administration of microwave induced @entity221 and intravesical chemotherapy as a debulking approach. Due to extensive superficial involvement of the bladder walls complete transurethral resection of all @entity5 seemed technically unfeasible in all cases and radical cystectomy was considered the treatment of choice. Endovesical @entity221 at 42.5 to 46C was delivered using the SB-TS 101 system, based on a microwave transurethral applicator that irradiates the bladder filled with a circulating solution of @entity1138 . @entity1 underwent 8 weekly 1-hour sessions on an outpatient basis without @entity590 . When possible, after treatment @entity1 underwent transurethral resection of @entity41 and all suspicious areas. RESULTS: After treatment transurethral resection appeared to be feasible and curative in 16 @entity1 (84%). Histological study revealed complete and partial responses in 9 (47%) and 7 (37%) cases, respectively. Due to extensive @entity41 radical cystectomy was performed in 3 @entity1 (16%). At a median 33-month followup 8 superficial transitional @entity5 recurrences were documented and easily eradicated by transurethral resection or laser therapy in @entity1 in whom the bladder had been saved. CONCLUSIONS: Microwave induced @entity221 combined with intravesical @entity1138 seems to be a feasible, safe and elective approach for conservative treatment of multifocal and recurrent superficial @entity150 when other treatment strategies have failed.

title: Local microwave XXXX and intravesical chemotherapy as bladder sparing treatment for select multifocal and unresectable superficial @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: From 1981 to 1989, a total of 86 consecutive @entity1 with definite @entity573 who received @entity117 but not intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy during the acute stage were studied. Thirty-eight of them (44%) had @entity453 ( @entity453 ) on initial two dimensional echocardiograms. Of them, 21 (56%) had ectatic coronary changes, 13 (34%) had small to large @entity574 (diameter < or = 8 mm) and 4 (10%), @entity574 (diameter > 8 mm). @entity1 with @entity453 had, in the acute stage, a longer duration of @entity221 (p < 0.01), higher maximum platelet counts (p < 0.05) and a higher one-hour erythrocyte sedimentation rate (< 0.01) than those without. Males were associated with a higher incidence of @entity574 . By actuarial event-free analysis, more than half of the ectatic coronary lesions regressed within two months of onset, and 86% became normal on echocardiograms within a two-year follow-up period. @entity75 had a significantly higher chance of regression than @entity438 (p < 0.01). Furthermore, none of the giant @entity439 regressed (p < 0.05, as compared with those @entity574 smaller than 8 mm in diameter). It was concluded that coronary arterial lesions occurred in a substantial number of Chinese @entity1 with @entity573 who received only @entity117 therapy. Regression of the lesions was related to their size and morphology.

title: Prognosis of coronary arterial lesions in XXXX treated without intravenous immunoglobulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Ectatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAL', 'coronary arterial lesion']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['giant coronary aneurysms', 'coronary aneurysms', 'aneurysmal dilatation of the CAL']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal lesions']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: AIM: To assess the association between serum lipids and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Sixty-one @entity6 @entity1 without @entity989 ( @entity30092 ), 55 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity989 (NPDR) and 75 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity989 ( @entity1106 ) according to ETDRS grading scale were enrolled in this study. Total @entity165 , high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and @entity412 values were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The groups were well-balanced in terms of age and gender (P=0.071, P=0.265 respectively). The mean HbA1c values were significantly lower in @entity30092 group than the NPDR and @entity1106 groups (P=0.004, P=0.009 respectively). Mean total @entity165 , @entity412 , LDL, HDL and VLDL levels were not significantly different between the groups (P=0.693, P=0.774, P=0.644, P=0.910 and P=0.967 respectively, one way ANOVA). Mean total @entity165 , @entity412 , LDL, HDL and VLDL levels were not significantly different between the @entity1 with ME and @entity1 without ME (P=0.622, P=0.113, P=0.955, P=0.735 and P=0.490 respectively, t-test). The mean blood @entity413 significantly correlated with total @entity165 (r=0.173, P=0.017) and LDL (r=0.190, P=0.008). The mean HbA1c significantly correlated with total @entity165 (r=0.158, P=0.030) and @entity412 (r=0.148, P=0.042). CONCLUSION: Serum lipid levels were not significantly associated with the severity of @entity6 or existence of ME despite the significant correlation between the mean blood @entity413 , @entity4051 c and total @entity165 .

title: Association of serum lipid levels with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'DR', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'non-proliferative retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are few reports of zygomatic orbital floor or zygomatic arch @entity174 reduction under regional anesthesia. This study aimed at evaluating extraoral maxillary nerve block for zygoma and orbital floor @entity174 reduction. METHODS: Participated in this study 15 @entity1 submitted to maxillary block according to Moores technique (lateral approach of the pterygoid plate) for reduction of isolated zygomatic arch @entity174 (8 @entity1 ) or orbit floor @entity174 associated to zygomatic arch @entity174 (7 @entity1 ). @entity1 were not premedicated. After sedation and local infiltration with 2 ml of 1.5% @entity3303 and @entity1425 1:300,000 the maxillary nerve was blocked with 8 ml of the same anesthetic solution through a 10 cm 22G, short beveled needle. The following parameters were evaluated: blockade duration, onset, analgesia duration, failures, need for general anesthesia and complications. RESULTS: The first three blocks resulted in difficult punctures with two partial blocks and one failure. Remainder blocks were effective and @entity1 have not referred any discomfort or @entity158 during both blockade and surgery. Blockade time varied from 5 to 20 minutes while onset varied from 3 to 10 minutes. There were 7 vascular punctures (7 @entity1 ) however without @entity1410 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity174 reduction is feasible under maxillary nerve block when performed in pterygopalatine fossa inducing anesthesia in its two distal branches: zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves.

title: [Maxillary nerve block for zygoma and orbital floor XXXX reduction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Zygomatic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Lymphatic @entity3 affects the prognosis of @entity14 @entity1 . The binding of @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) and @entity7802 ( @entity7802 ) promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic @entity3 . This study was to investigate the interrelation of @entity9961 , @entity7802 and lymphangial density (LAD), and to identify their correlations to clinicopathologic factors of @entity14 . METHODS: The tissue microarrays containing 105 cases of @entity14 and 105 cases of normal colorectal tissue were produced separately. The expression of @entity9961 and @entity7802 was detected by immunohistochemistry; LAD was assessed through Podoplanin immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The positive rates of @entity9961 and @entity7802 , and LAD were significantly higher in @entity14 than in normal colorectal tissue (61.0% vs. 22.8%, P<0.01; 55.2% vs. 20.0%, P<0.01; 8.91+/-3.75 vs. 6.68+/-1.38, P<0.01). The expression of @entity9961 had no correlation to that of @entity7802 . LAD was significantly higher in @entity9961 -positive @entity14 than in @entity9961 -negative @entity14 (10.89+/-3.36 vs. 5.83+/-1.67, P<0.01). @entity9961 was up-regulated in @entity14 at @entity5 , or with lymph node @entity3 or distant @entity3 ; @entity7802 was up-regulated and LAD was higher in @entity14 at @entity5 , or with lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity9961 and @entity7802 are related with the lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic @entity3 , and progression of @entity14 .

title: [Correlation of lymphangiogenesis to progression of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity7802 :: ('2324', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR-3', 'vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes'C stage"]

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor-C', 'VEGF-C']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We retrospectively investigated the clinical features of 9 consecutive cases of intradural @entity602 from primary @entity2 treated at our hospital between April 1999 and March 2002. During those three years, @entity602 was diagnosed in seven of 49 (14.3%) cases with @entity4153 and only two of 284 (0.7%) cases with @entity4153 . Eight of the 9 cases had concomitant brain @entity3 that preceded @entity602 and had received brain irradiation. The other @entity1 without brain @entity3 had also received prophylactic cranial irradiation. The interval from brain irradiation to the diagnosis of @entity602 ranged from 116 to 708 days (median 183 days). The most common initial symptom was @entity425 of the lower extremities in five cases. Seven of the @entity1 rapidly developed transverse @entity602 within two weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement demonstrated @entity5 in seven cases and intradural extramedullary @entity5 in two cases. @entity602 was often multifocal, and in each case lumbar enlargement was commonly involved. Radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy produced both neurologic improvement and a @entity5 response shown on MRI in 4 @entity1 . Heightened awareness of the increasing incidence and background risk factors of this unusual complication could lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment for @entity16 .

title: [Clinical features of intradural spinal cord metastases in primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'non-small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'intramedullary tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic palliation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'spinal cord metastasis', 'Spinal cord metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The efficacy of thrombolytic therapy for treatment of @entity64 has been a subject of both experimental and clinical examination. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, in regard to reduction of volume of ischemic brain, of two different modes of administration (ie, intra-arterial and intravenous) of tissue-type plasminogen activator ( @entity865 ) given 30 minutes after experimental @entity64 in @entity95 . METHODS: A randomized, blinded, controlled experimental trial was undertaken. @entity64 was simulated in @entity95 by injecting fragments of autologous arterial @entity715 into one internal carotid artery. Thirty minutes after embolization, the @entity95 were blindly treated with 2 mg/kg intra-arterial @entity865 , 2 mg/kg intravenous @entity865 , or saline (all n = 10). Six hours after embolization the @entity95 were killed. The brains were perfused with @entity5045 and cut into 0.5-cm-thick coronal sections, and the areas of @entity63 were measured. RESULTS: Administration of @entity865 resulted in a significant reduction in the volume of @entity2806 (P < .0001): control animals sustained @entity63 to 20.1 +/- 4.6% (mean +/- SD) of total brain compared with 4.6 +/- 4.1% for animals treated with intra-arterial @entity865 and 3.4 +/- 2.6% for those treated with intravenous @entity865 . The difference between intra-arterial and intravenous @entity865 treatment was not significant (P = .786). CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity95 model of @entity64 , administration of @entity865 within 30 minutes resulted in a dramatic reduction in the amount of @entity63 , with equal efficacy for the two modes of administration. These results favor the treatment of acute @entity64 with intravenous @entity865 , given the rapidity with which intravenous therapy can be established in the clinical setting.

title: A comparison of intra-arterial and intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator on autologous arterial emboli in the cerebral circulation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Embolic stroke', 'embolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the clinical benefits of introducing peroperative frozen section analysis into the surgical management policy of @entity1 referred with an adnexal mass suspicious of @entity43 . All @entity1 surgically managed at the Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Gateshead, UK, between July 1, 2002, and June 30, 2003, where frozen section analysis had been utilized were included for analysis. Correlation was determined between cases surgically staged following the frozen section result and the clinical need for staging based on the pathologic diagnosis from the paraffin section. During the 12-month period, 130 @entity1 underwent frozen section analysis. Paraffin section diagnoses included 74 @entity5 , 11 borderline @entity5 , 34 primary @entity5 , 5 nonepithelial @entity5 , and 6 @entity3 . All primary @entity43 were correctly identified as requiring a staging procedure based on the frozen section result. Four of seventy-four cases reported as benign on frozen section analysis were underdiagnosed; two were later diagnosed on paraffin section as borderline @entity5 and a further two as malignant (one low-grade @entity6020 and one primary @entity3906 ). Of the 130 cases, 55 (42.3%) underwent a staging procedure based on the frozen section result. The value of frozen section analysis in determining the need for the performance of a staging procedure had the following statistical test results: sensitivity = 92%, specificity = 88%, positive predictive value = 82%, and negative predictive value = 95%. Excluding the borderline @entity5 , @entity3 , and primary peritoneal @entity5 where staging did not impact subsequent clinical management, the statistical test results for frozen section analysis in determining the need for a staging procedure were sensitivity = 97%, specificity = 95%, positive predictive value = 90%, and negative predictive value = 99%. The clinical benefits of introducing frozen section analysis in the surgical staging policy of @entity1 with an adnexal mass suspicious of @entity43 included avoidance of a surgical staging procedure in 95% of cases identified on paraffin section analysis to be benign. This benefit was without compromising the avoidance of chemotherapy in true stage @entity43 cases. Additional benefits included the confirmation of malignancy where @entity75 were suggestive but not indicative of @entity5 , and the intraoperative identification of metastatic disease of nonovarian origin.

title: "True" versus "apparent" stage XXXX : value of frozen section analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancers', 'I epithelial ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer', 'ovarian malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6020 :: ('MESH:D018195', 'Disease') :: ['adenosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'tumor', 'malignant disease', 'cancers', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['extraovarian lesions']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['I epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It remains a challenge to inhibit the local recurrence or distant @entity3 of localized or locally advanced @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) after surgical resection. We investigated the feasibility, safety and efficacy of immunotherapy using autologous tumor lysate (TL)-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in @entity1 with localized or locally advanced @entity1358 . METHODS: From January 2001 to July 2009, we collected 137 @entity1 that met the selection criteria and randomly divided them into three groups. After surgery, immunotherapy with TL-pulsed DCs-CIK cells ( @entity686 ( @entity686 group) was performed in 46 @entity1 , respectively. The other 45 @entity1 received no postoperative adjuvant therapy (the control group). The changes in the numbers of T lymphocyte subsets, including @entity404 (+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells (Treg), were determined before the operation and after immunotherapy. The overall survival was compared among the three groups. RESULTS: An increase of the @entity404 (+)/ @entity405 (+) ratio and a decrease of @entity404 (+)CD25(high) cells were observed after TL-pulsed DC-CIK cells or @entity686 immunotherapy. All @entity1 tolerated the TL-pulsed DC-CIK cells immunotherapy very well, and side effects in the DC-CIK group were less than in the @entity686 group. The @entity3 and recurrence rates were significantly decreased after TL-pulsed DC-CIK cells or @entity686 immunotherapy compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The Log-rank test showed that the overall survival rates were significantly higher in the DC-CIK group and @entity686 group than that in the control group (P < 0.01), but there was no difference between the DC-CIK group and @entity686 group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Postoperative immunotherapy with TL-pulsed DC-CIK cells may prevent recurrence/ @entity3 and increase the overall survival rate after surgery in localized or locally advanced @entity1358 .

title: A randomized controlled trial of postoperative tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells immunotherapy in XXXX with localized and locally advanced @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity686 :: ('3438', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-a', 'DC-CIK group) and interferon (IFN)-a']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We prepared two beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG)- @entity5070 dextran (CMD) conjugates (Conj. 10A and Conj. 10B) by using a water-soluble @entity26408 to decrease the immunogenicity of beta-LG. The molar ratios of beta-LG to CMD in the conjugates were 5:1 (Conj. 10A) and 2:1 (Conj. 10B). The beta-LG-CMD conjugates maintained the @entity904 -binding activity of native beta-LG. Intrinsic fluorescence study indicated that shielding of the surface of beta-LG by CMD occurred in each conjugate, which was eminent in Conj. 10B. A local conformational change around (125)Thr-(135)Lys (alpha-helix) in each conjugate was detected by ELISA with monoclonal antibodies. The denaturation temperature of beta-LG evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry was greatly enhanced in each conjugate. The anti-beta-LG antibody response was markedly reduced after immunization with the beta-LG-CMD conjugates in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and C3H/He @entity19 . We determined the B cell epitopes of beta-LG and each conjugate recognized in these @entity19 and found that the linear epitope profiles of the beta-LG-CMD conjugates were similar to those of beta-LG, while the antibody response for each epitope was dramatically reduced. The reduced immunogenicity of beta-LG was most marked in the case of Conj. 10B, which contained more CMD than Conj. 10A, and was effectively shielded by CMD. We concluded that masking of epitopes by CMD is responsible for the decreased immunogenicity of the beta-LG in these conjugates.

title: Reduced immunogenicity of beta-lactoglobulin by conjugation with XXXX dextran.

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity26408 :: ('CHEBI:53091', 'Chemical') :: ['carbodiimide']

answer: @entity5070 :: (CHEBI:41402,Chemical) :: ['carboxymethyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize changes in @entity1501 awareness, knowledge, and behavior among @entity1 of childbearing age in the United States since the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) 1992 @entity1501 recommendation and later fortification. METHODS: Random-digit dialed telephone surveys were conducted of approximately 2000 @entity1 (per survey year) aged 18-45 years from 1995-2005 in the United States. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 reporting having heard or read about @entity1501 steadily increased from 52% in 1995 to 84% in 2005. Of all @entity1 surveyed in 2005, 19% knew @entity1501 prevented @entity600 , an increase from 4% in 1995. The proportion of @entity1 who reported learning about @entity1501 from health care providers increased from 13% in 1995 to 26% in 2005. The proportion of all @entity1 who reported taking a vitamin supplement containing @entity1501 increased slightly from 28% in 1995 to 33% in 2005. Among @entity1 who were not pregnant at the time of the survey in 2005, 31% reported taking a vitamin containing @entity1501 daily compared with 25% in 1995. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of @entity1 taking @entity1501 daily has increased modestly since 1995. Despite this increase, the data show that the majority of @entity1 of childbearing age still do not take a vitamin containing @entity1501 daily. Health care providers and maternal @entity1 health professionals must continue to promote preconceptional health among all @entity1 of childbearing age, and encourage them to take a vitamin containing @entity1501 daily.

title: Trends in XXXX awareness and behavior in the United States: the Gallup Organization for the March of Dimes Foundation surveys, 1995-2005.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Remote monitoring of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 may help in the early detection of acute decompensation before the onset of symptoms, providing the opportunity for early intervention to reduce @entity712 -related hospitalizations, improve outcomes, and lower costs. METHODS AND RESULTS: MUSIC is a multicenter nonrandomized study designed to develop and validate an algorithm for prediction of impending acute @entity712 decompensation with the use of physiologic signals obtained from an external device adhered to the chest. A total of 543 @entity712 @entity1 (206 development, 337 validation) with ejection fraction  <=40% and a recent @entity712 admission were enrolled. @entity1 were remotely monitored for 90 days using a multisensor device. Accounting for device failure and @entity1 withdrawal, 314 @entity1 (114 development, 200 validation) were included in the analysis. Development @entity1 data were used to develop a multiparameter @entity712 detection algorithm. Algorithm performance in the development cohort had 65% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and a false positive rate of 0.7 per @entity1 -year for detection of @entity712 events. In the validation cohort, algorithm performance met the prespecified end points with 63% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and a false positive rate of 0.9 per @entity1 -year. The overall rate of significant adverse skin response was 0.4%. CONCLUSION: Using an external multisensor monitoring system, an @entity712 decompensation prediction algorithm was developed that met the prespecified performance end point. Further studies are required to determine whether the use of this system will improve @entity1 outcomes.

title: Design and performance of a multisensor @entity712 monitoring algorithm: results from the multisensor monitoring in XXXX (MUSIC) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of interactive neurostimulation (INS) therapy on the treatment of @entity158 associated with @entity13705 ( @entity13705 ) in adults with @entity4048 . DESIGN: This was a preliminary, randomized, sham-controlled trial. SETTING: The trial was conducted in a tertiary-care institution. SUBJECTS: The @entity1 were 23 adults with @entity158 and @entity13705 in the neck or shoulder lasting>2 weeks. INTERVENTIONS: INS (active or sham) was delivered for 10 minutes in a single session over the MTP area in each @entity1 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Immediately following the intervention, subjects were tested for pressure @entity158 thresholds (PPTs) and 10-cm visual analogue scale score (VAS) for @entity158 intensity. At the 5 day follow-up, two additional tests were performed: the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) and the @entity1 specific functional scale (PSFS) for function. RESULTS: Improvements in function (PSFS) were observed in the treatment group, which were of clinical significance in selected subjects. These effects were statistically greater than those obtained in the sham group but were overall not at a level of clinical significance in this small population. Improvements in @entity158 intensity (VAS) and @entity717 ( @entity717 ) were observed in both the treatment and sham groups, indicating that INS had no greater benefit using these measures. There was no change in PPTs following either the active or sham treatment. CONCLUSIONS: INS is a new and emerging therapy, which may be efficacious for managing musculoskeletal conditions, such as @entity158 syndrome. This study demonstrated improvements in function in individuals with @entity13705 following INS therapy, which may be of clinical significance in certain @entity1 with neck or shoulder @entity158 . Further large-scale clinical trials are required to confirm this effect and to determine if INS also @entity4048 .

title: The effect of interactive neurostimulation therapy on XXXX associated with @entity4048 : a preliminary randomized, sham-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13705 :: ('MESH:D009209', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial trigger points', 'MTPs']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical neck pain', 'reduces pain and neck disability']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['NDI', 'neck disability index', 'neck disability']

answer: @entity13705 :: (MESH:D009209,Disease) :: ['myofascial trigger points']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although many authors have reported on cervical range of motion after laminoplasty, they have focused on flexion and extension based on lateral radiographs, not on @entity717 . In this study, we assessed @entity717 from C1 to T1 after laminoplasty using computed tomography. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighteen consecutive @entity1 with cervical @entity602 who had undergone laminoplasty were observed. @entity1 was placed in the supine position on the computed tomography scan table. After the scans in this neutral position were completed, the @entity1 actively rotated his neck as far as possible taking care that the shoulders remained in the horizontal plane. We measured the C1 to T1, C1 to C2, and C2 to T1 rotation angles preoperatively, and at 2 weeks and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: The average C1 to T1 rotation angles preoperatively were 46 degrees on the right and 45 degrees on the left. The percentage of C1 to @entity1605 during global @entity717 (C1 to T1) was 62%. C1 to T1 rotation angle significantly decreased at two weeks after surgery but recovered to almost preoperative levels (11% decreases) by 6 months after surgery with no difference between right and left motion. The average C2 to T1 subaxial rotation angles did not significantly decreased after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Rotation angle after laminoplasty decreased slightly at 2 weeks after surgery but recovered almost to preoperative levels by 6 months. @entity717 (C2 to T1) angles did not significantly decreased after surgery.

title: Assessing range of XXXX after laminoplasty using axial CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Subaxial rotation', 'cervical rotation', 'axial rotation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['cervical rotation']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: If @entity226 is suspected as a cause of @entity227 , emergent management is necessary. Clinical suspicion should prompt the practitioner to obtain laboratory studies and initiate treatment prior to establishing the diagnosis. The evaluation includes immediate erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and complete blood count (CBC). Treatment begins with high-dose intravenous @entity288 . We recommend intravenous @entity1667 (250  mg every 6  h) for 3 to 5  days. During that time, a temporal artery biopsy should be performed for pathologic diagnosis. We also begin daily adjunctive @entity117 orally. After the initial bolus of intravenous @entity288 , therapy transitions to oral @entity229 administered at 1  mg/kg per day until the activity of the disease process attenuates, as demonstrated by improvement in systemic symptoms and normalization of both ESR and @entity1851 . This change usually occurs in the first 3 to 4  weeks. The @entity1 should be followed closely, with therapy tapered as guided by systemic symptoms, ESR, and @entity1851 . To maximize the use of remaining vision, appropriate @entity1 should be referred to specialists for help with @entity4064 therapies, assistive devices, and precautions to protect the better-seeing eye.

title: Treatment of vision loss in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['giant cell arteritis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The ability of @entity692 (HA) materials to enhance the fixation strength of posterior spinal instrumentation was examined in 19 adult mongrel @entity235 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity235 underwent bilateral placement of lumbar transpedicular screws from L1 to L6, sacral alar screws, and posterior iliac rods. The six transpedicular screw test groups included standard and plasma-sprayed @entity8038 with the recommended insertion technique, standard and @entity8038 with a poor initial fit insertion technique using an oversized pilot hole, and HA-grout augmentation of standard and @entity8038 with a poor initial fit. The sacral alar screws and posterior iliac rods were either uncoated or HA-coated. Six @entity235 were killed immediately; ten @entity235 were killed at 6 weeks, and the fixation elements were mechanically tested or histologically examined. Three additional @entity235 and synthetic bone material were used for additional baseline mechanical testing. RESULTS: The strength of standard screws with recommended insertion did not change after 6 weeks in vivo. @entity8038 were initially 13% less resistant to pull out than standard screws, but this difference was not significant at 6 weeks. Screws inserted with a poor initial fit technique were significantly weaker initially; at 6 weeks, pull-out strength was similar to the standard screws properly inserted. The HA-grout material significantly enhanced pull-out strength for both screw types at 6 weeks. Sacral alar screw pull-out strength was not significantly different between standard and @entity8038 initially or at 6 weeks. HA-coated rods were initially twice as resistant to pull out than standard rods and became stronger after 6 weeks in vivo, whereas standard rods became significantly weaker. Histologically, the quantity and morphology of bone around all implants was similar, with HA-coated rods and screws demonstrating regions of direct attachment to bone. An osteoconductive response and new bone formation was observed within the HA-grout material. Scanning electron microscopic observation of mechanically tested implants revealed a shear failure of surrounding bone (and HA if present) at the screw outer thread margin or at the bone-metal or HA-metal interfaces for the posterior iliac rods. CONCLUSIONS: The strength of poorly inserted transpedicular screws was significantly enhanced in vivo by the resorbable HA-grout material. The lower strength of @entity8038 was attributed to screw geometry changes resulting from the coating process, and modifications of screw coating are recommended.

title: XXXX enhancement of posterior spinal instrumentation fixation.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['HA-coated screws']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyapatite']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival rates for @entity1 with @entity3478 have increased dramatically over the past few decades. Unfortunately, many @entity1 face functional limitations resulting from disease management, but there is little evidence regarding physical functioning in adolescents with @entity3478 . This lack is largely due to the absence of a standardized measure for evaluating @entity242 physical functioning. This review discusses considerations in searching for a measure of adolescent physical functioning, evaluates measures previously used in assessing functional outcome in young @entity242 @entity1 , reviews self-report measures of pediatric physical functioning, and makes recommendations for future research. PROCEDURE: Electronic databases were searched for studies published between 1980 and 2004. Studies examining physical functioning in @entity242 @entity1 and those describing measures of pediatric physical functioning were included. RESULTS: The study includes measures previously used in the adolescent @entity3478 literature (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, Mankin, Groningen Activity Restriction Scale, Toronto Extremity Salvage Score [TESS]), and three measures of pediatric physical function (Functional Disability Inventory, Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument [PODCI], Activities Scale for Kids [ASK]). The TESS, PODCI, and ASK each met at least four of the outlined applicability and feasibility components. CONCLUSION: The search for a measure of physical functioning for @entity242 @entity1 requires an exploration of many developmental and measurement issues. Based on the sensibility review presented, the TESS, PODCI, and ASK are recommended for further evaluation of content and of the measurement properties of reliability, validity, and responsiveness, prior to their use in evaluating @entity242 @entity1 .

title: Evaluating physical function in an adolescent XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'adolescent sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'bone tumor']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical and resource-utilization outcomes associated with @entity1229 anticoagulation after major orthopedic surgery were evaluated. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 who received postsurgical prophylaxis with @entity1229 within 24 hours of total knee replacement (TKR) or total hip replacement (THR) surgery and who were referred to and had outpatient follow-up for anticoagulation management in a single-center, university-based antithrombosis clinic from January 1, 1998, to January 1, 2009, were included in the study. Data were obtained from existing inpatient and outpatient medical records and retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 follow-up and data collection were conducted from the time of admission until 90 days after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 400 @entity1 were included in the study; 179 (44.8%) underwent THR and 221 (55.3%) underwent TKR. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.0    1.9 days, and the mean length of @entity1229 therapy was 50    21 days. The mean time required to reach the target International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 2.0-3.0 was 10.0    9.1 days. The within- @entity1 percentage of INR levels spent in the target range was 28%    18%. Objectively confirmed symptomatic @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) occurred in 16 @entity1 (4%), with 14 events (87.5%) occurring with INR values of  <=2.0 and 2 events (12.5%) occurring with INR values of >2.0. CONCLUSION: THR and TKR surgical @entity1 at one institution who were receiving postsurgical @entity1211 prophylaxis with @entity1229 spent a substantial proportion of time with their INR below the target range and had a high rate of symptomatic @entity1211 .

title: XXXX anticoagulation after total hip or total knee replacement: clinical and resource-utilization outcomes in a university-based antithrombosis clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['Warfarin']


abstract: The @entity5 microenvironment is a complex network of cells that support @entity5 progression and @entity5 . It has been demonstrated that @entity5 cells can educate the immune system to promote a @entity5 -friendly environment. Among all these immune cells, @entity5 -associated macrophages (TAMs) are well represented and their presence in @entity19 models has been shown to promote @entity5 progression and @entity3 . These effects are through the stimulation of angiogenesis, enhancement of @entity5 cell invasion and intravasation, immunosuppression, and at the metastatic site @entity5 cell extravasation and growth. However, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Furthermore there is limited information on TAMs derived from @entity1 @entity5 . For this reason it is important to be able to extract TAMs from @entity5 in order to compare their phenotypes, functions, and transcriptomes with normal resident tissue macrophages. Isolation of these cells is challenging due to the lack of markers and standardized protocols. Here we show an optimized protocol for the efficient isolation and extraction of resident macrophages and TAMs from @entity1 and @entity19 tissues by using multicolor flow cytometry. These protocols allow for the extraction of thousands of macrophages in less than 5 h from tissues as small as half a gram. The isolated macrophages can then be used for both "omics" and in vitro studies.

title: Isolation of @entity19 and XXXX Tumor-Associated Macrophages.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously published studies have suggested that @entity1 with resected @entity694 have an increased risk for early metachronous @entity694 . Current screening guidelines recommend intense surveillance by colonoscopy for the initial five years after the initial @entity694 has been resected. Information regarding endoscopically removed malignant @entity1127 is limited. METHODS: In the present study, 25 consecutive @entity1 (14 male, 11 female) with malignant pedunculated @entity1586 treated with snare cautery polypectomy were followed for more than one decade up to 20 years. Five @entity1 required an additional resection to ensure that removal of the original @entity5 was complete. Annual colonoscopies were planned for five years. If an @entity652 was detected in the fifth year, colonoscopy was performed annually until no @entity652 were detected. Otherwise, colonoscopy was planned every three years after five years. RESULTS: In the present study, there was no mortality from @entity694 and no @entity1 developed either recurrent @entity694 or an early metachronous @entity694 during the initial five-year period of surveillance. Two @entity1 (one male, one female) ultimately developed @entity5 almost one decade after the original @entity694 were resected. One had an early stage @entity5 that was resected, while the other had an infiltrating @entity189 complicating a small tubulovillous @entity652 with extension to a single lymph node. After surgical removal and adjuvant chemotherapy, no further @entity5 has been detected. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, @entity1 with malignant pedunculated @entity1127 do extremely well if appropriately managed at the time of the initial polypectomy. Short-term outcomes after removal of a malignant polyp(s) appear to be similar to those with a nonmalignant polyp. However, late metachronous @entity694 may still occur. Long-term follow-up should be considered in each @entity1 , assuming reasonable life expectancy, because risk of additional @entity652 and metachronous @entity694 persists even after the initial five years of currently recommended surveillance. @entity1 with resected malignant @entity1127 may represent a special @entity1 subgroup that requires surveillance for more extended periods than current guidelines have recommended.

title: Long-term follow-up of XXXX with malignant pedunculated @entity1586 after colonoscopic polypectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease', 'late cecal cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyps']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']