abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired @entity616 , in pediatric age is mainly the results of direct injury to conduction tissue during cardiac surgery or cardiac catheterisation. It can also be observed in different clinical settings as @entity166 , @entity5 , and inflammatory diseases. It has a wide range of presentation and in some settings it can appear a dramatic event. Although a rare finding during @entity4789 , with a transient course, it may need a specific and intensive treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of an @entity8654 in an adolescent with @entity22293 and complete @entity616 . The attack was the first symptom of @entity2401 .We reviewed the literature and could find 25 cases of complete @entity616 due to @entity4789 . Ten of the 25 @entity1 experienced an @entity8654 . Nineteen of the 25 @entity1 were certainly in the pediatric age group. Seven of the 19 pediatric cases experienced an @entity8654 . In 16/25 cases, the duration of the @entity616 was reported: it lasted from a few minutes to ten days. Pacemaker implantation was necessary in 7 cases. CONCLUSION: @entity4789 must be kept in mind in the diagnostic work-up of @entity1 with acquired complete @entity616 , particularly when it occurs in pediatric @entity1 . The insertion of a temporary pacemaker should be considered when complete @entity616 determines @entity8654 attacks. @entity616 during @entity4789 is rare and is usually transient. Along with @entity884 , @entity2401 and @entity2396 , complete @entity616 has been recognized, rarely, during the course of @entity22293 .

title: @entity8654 as the first symptom of XXXX : report of an adolescent case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever', 'acute rheumatic fever', 'Rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8654 :: ('MESH:D000219', 'Disease') :: ['Adams-Stokes', 'Adams-Stokes attack']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'carditis']

entities_list: @entity22293 :: ('MESH:C538407', 'Disease') :: ['acute rheumatic carditis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['complete heart block', 'atrio-ventricular block', 'Complete heart block']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['acute rheumatic fever']


abstract: Voluntary wheel running induces an increase in the concentration of the regulatable @entity413 transporter ( @entity19617 ) in @entity35 plantaris muscle but not in soleus muscle (K. J. Rodnick, J. O. Holloszy, C. E. Mondon, and D. E. James. @entity6 39: 1425-1429, 1990). Wheel running also causes @entity1184 of the soleus in @entity35 . This study was undertaken to ascertain whether endurance training that induces enzymatic adaptations but no @entity1184 results in an increase in the concentration of @entity19617 protein in @entity35 soleus (slow-twitch red) muscle and, if it does, to determine whether there is a concomitant increase in maximal @entity413 transport activity. Female @entity35 were trained by treadmill running at 25 m/min up a 15% grade, 90 min/day, 6 days/wk for 3 wk. This training program induced increases of 52% in @entity1792 synthase activity, 66% in hexokinase activity, and 47% in immunoreactive @entity19617 protein concentration in soleus muscles without causing @entity1184 . @entity413 transport activity stimulated maximally with insulin plus contractile activity was increased to roughly the same extent (44%) as @entity19617 protein content in soleus muscle by the treadmill exercise training. In a second set of experiments, we examined whether a swim-training program increases @entity413 transport activity in the soleus in the presence of a maximally effective concentration of insulin. The swimming program induced a 44% increase in immunoreactive @entity19617 protein concentration. @entity413 transport activity maximally stimulated with insulin was 62% greater in soleus muscle of the swimmers than in untrained controls. Training did not alter the basal rate of @entity897 uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX transporters and maximal transport are increased in endurance-trained @entity35 soleus.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: The activities of 11 marker enzymes from the gastric and duodenal mucosa were determined in 19 @entity1 with active @entity4773 ( @entity4773 ) before therapy, after 4 weeks of therapy with @entity5616 , 300 mg/day, and after another 4 weeks without treatment. The activities were measured in homogenized material obtained with forceps through an endoscope. The healing rate at 4 weeks was 68%. In the descending duodenum the activities of the membrane enzymes increased during the treatment period compared with pre-treatment activities. Although not as extensive as in the descending duodenum, an increase of membrane enzyme activities was also noted in the duodenal bulb during treatment. In the gastric mucosa only minor enzymic activity changes were seen. The altered enzyme activities in duodenum and stomach during treatment were independent of @entity1066 , smoking, antacids, and @entity32 . Previously, significant differences in mucosal enzyme activities have been demonstrated between @entity4773 @entity1 and controls. During @entity5616 treatment the enzyme activities in the duodenal mucosa of the same @entity4773 @entity1 tended to normalize, whereas they were mostly unchanged in the gastric mucosa. Four weeks after treatment the mucosal enzyme activities in the duodenum were as before treatment started, without occurrence of @entity1066 relapse. The altered enzymic activities of the duodenal mucosa in @entity4773 @entity1 therefore seem to be largely independent of the presence of active @entity1066 .

title: Effect of @entity5616 on gastric and duodenal mucosal enzyme activities in duodenal XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['DU', 'duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the indications, complications and outcome of @entity1 of LTS managed with Montgomery T-tube stenting and review the current literature about the role of stenting in LTS. METHODS: Retrospective chart reviews of 39 @entity1 of @entity850 managed by T-tube stenting for temporary or definitive treatment during the period 2004-2011 were considered. The data on indications for stenting, type of stent, problems/complications of stenting, duration of stenting, additional intervention and outcome of management were collected, tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 51 cases of @entity850 39 @entity1 were treated by Montgomery T-tube stenting. There was no mortality associated with the procedure or stenting. 82% of the @entity1 were successfully decannulated. The problems and complications encountered were crusting within the tube in 44% and granulation at the subglottis in 33%. Two @entity1 had complication due to T-tube itself: One @entity1 developed @entity825 and the other had @entity850 at both ends of the T-tube. CONCLUSION: Stenting still has a role in management of inoperable or in some deadlock situations where resection anastomosis is not feasible. It is easier to introduce the stent and to maintain it. Complications are minor and can be managed easily. It is safe for long term use. We emphasize that the treating surgeon needs to use prudence while treating @entity850 using stents.

title: Role of Montgomery T-tube stent for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of a continuous measure of adherence with infliximab maintenance treatment in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) during the first year of treatment on @entity30 -related health care utilization, @entity30 -related hospitalizations, inpatient costs, and length of hospital stay. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective claims analysis using the IMS LifeLink Health Plan Claims Database (September 1, 2004, to June 30, 2009) was conducted. Continuous enrollment for 12 months before and 12 months after the index date was required. @entity1 were required to have at least two claims with an International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code for @entity30 (555.xx) pre-index and be aged >=  18 years at index. @entity1 with three infusions during the first 56 days post-index and at least one infusion following day 56 post-index were considered to have maintenance therapy. Adherence and nonadherence were defined as a medication possession ratio of >=  80% and < 80%, respectively. RESULTS: Four hundred forty-eight @entity1 were included in the analysis (mean age, 42.6 years; 56% female; mean    standard deviation [SD] and median number of infliximab infusions, 7.35    1.60 and 8). The number of @entity1 who met the definition of adherence was 344 (77%). @entity30 -related health care utilization was not significantly impacted by adherence except for ancillary services and radiology. Fewer adherent @entity1 were hospitalized compared with nonadherent @entity1 (9% versus 16%; P = 0.03). Adherent @entity1 had fewer mean    SD and median days in the hospital (5.5    3.4 and 5 days) compared with nonadherent @entity1 (13.1    14.2 and 8 days; P = 0.01). Mean    SD and median hospital costs were significantly greater for nonadherent @entity1 ( 40,822     49,238 and  28,864) compared with adherent @entity1 ( 13,704     10,816 and  9938; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Adherence with maintenance infliximab over 12 months was associated with lower rates of @entity30 -related hospitalizations and inpatient costs and a shorter length of hospital stay.

title: Effect of a continuous measure of adherence with infliximab maintenance treatment on inpatient outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: @entity25805 ( @entity25805 )-induced breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier requires @entity28275 C (PKC)b activation. However, the molecular mechanisms related to this process remain poorly understood. In this study, the role of @entity28276 phosphorylation and ubiquitination downstream of @entity28277 activation in tight junction (TJ) trafficking and endothelial permeability was investigated. Treatment of @entity291 retinal endothelial cells and intravitreal injection of @entity28277 inhibitors as well as expression of dominant-negative kinase was used to determine the contribution of @entity28277 to endothelial permeability and @entity28276 phosphorylation at Ser490 detected with a site-specific antibody. In vitro kinase assay was used to demonstrate direct @entity28276 phosphorylation by @entity28277 . Ubiquitination was measured by immunoblotting after @entity28276 immunoprecipitation. Confocal microscopy revealed organization of TJ proteins. The results reveal that inhibition of @entity25805 -induced @entity28277 activation blocks @entity28276 Ser490 phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and TJ trafficking in retinal vascular endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo and prevents @entity25805 -stimulated vascular permeability. @entity28276 Ser490 is a direct target of @entity28277 , and mutating @entity28278 ( @entity28278 ) blocks permeability downstream of @entity28277 . Therefore, @entity28277 activation phosphorylates @entity28276 on Ser490, leading to ubiquitination required for @entity25805 -induced permeability. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism for @entity28277 targeted inhibitors in regulating vascular permeability.

title: @entity28275 cb phosphorylates @entity28276 regulating tight junction trafficking in XXXX -induced permeability in vivo.

entities_list: @entity28278 :: ('p|SUB|S|490|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser490 to Ala', 'S490A']

entities_list: @entity25805 :: ('281572(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity25805 :: (281572(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Controversies exists with regard to target volumes as far as thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) is concerned in the multimodality treatment for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The aim of this study is to prospectively compare the local control rate, @entity137 profiles, and overall survival (OS) between @entity1 received different target volumes irradiation after induction chemotherapy. METHODS: @entity5 @entity1 received 2 cycles of @entity2879 and @entity900 (EP) induction chemotherapy and were randomly assigned to receive TRT to either the post- or pre-chemotherapy @entity5 extent ( @entity1619 ) as study arm and control arm, CTV-N included the positive nodal drainage area for both arms. One to 2 weeks after induction chemotherapy, 45 Gy/30 Fx/19 d TRT was administered concurrently with the third cycle of EP regimen. After that, additional 3 cycles of EP consolidation were administered. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was administered to @entity1 with a complete response. RESULTS: Thirty-seven and 40 @entity1 were randomly assigned to study arm and control arm. The local recurrence rates were 32.4% and 28.2% respectively (P = 0.80); the isolated nodal failure (INF) rates were 3.0% and 2.6% respectively (P = 0.91); all INF sites were in the ipsilateral supraclavicular fossa. Medastinal N3 disease was the risk factor for INF (P = 0.02, OR = 14.13, 95% CI: 1.47-136.13). During radiotherapy, grade I, II weight loss was observed in 29.4%, 5.9% and 56.4%, 7.7% @entity1 respectively (P = 0.04). Grade 0-I and II-III late @entity651 was developed in 97.1%, 2.9% and 86.4%, 15.4% @entity1 respectively (P = 0.07). Median survival time was 22.1 months and 26.9 months respectively. The 1 to 3-year OS were 77.9%, 44.4%, 37.3% and 75.8%, 56.3%, 41.7% respectively (P = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this study indicate that irradiant the post-chemotherapy @entity5 extent ( @entity1619 ) and positive nodal drainage area did not decrease local control and overall survival while radiation @entity137 was reduced. But the current sample size has not met designed requirements, and further investigation is warranted before final conclusions could be drawn.

title: [A prospective randomized study of the radiotherapy volume for XXXX : a preliminary report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'limited-stage small cell lung cancer', 'LSCLC']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injury']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['limited-stage small cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1744 cases constitute an important place in emergency health care services. In this study, @entity1744 caused by @entity5 were compared with those without tumoral causes. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 155 cases of mechanical @entity1744 diagnosed were retrospectively evaluated. The cases resulting from abdominal wall hernias were excluded. @entity5 cases were classified as group I, and all other cases as group II. RESULTS: Group I totaled 46 @entity1 (30%); group II, 109 (70%). The difference between two groups in terms of gender was found to be statistically insignificant, but the difference in terms of age range was significant (P<0.05). The etiology of group II cases included intra-abdominal strictures (n=68), @entity3313 (n=15), internal herniation (n=7), @entity8529 (n=7), @entity17289 (n=4), foreign body (n=4), @entity3473 (n=2), and @entity29 (n=2). Previous surgical operations had been performed in 9 @entity1 (19%) of group I and 52 @entity1 (47%) of group II. The difference between two groups in terms of @entity1744 localization was significant (chi2: 37.78, P<0.0001). Group I had a significantly higher morbidity and mortality than group II (P<0.01 and P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Non-tumoral cases causing @entity1320 occur mostly in younger @entity1 and in @entity1 with previous surgical operation. @entity1 in older ages or who haven't had any surgical intervention must be operated as soon as possible because of the high rate of @entity5 .

title: XXXX cases of @entity5 and non-tumoral origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasia', 'malignancy', 'intra-abdominal tumors']

entities_list: @entity17289 :: ('MESH:D014395', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['invagination']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal mechanical bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction', 'bowel obstructions', 'Mechanical bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity8529 :: ('MESH:D008467', 'Disease') :: ["Meckel's diverticulum"]

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Comparison of mechanical bowel obstruction']


abstract: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) is a rare extra-nodal manifestation of @entity706 . In most cases, @entity1412 is associated with @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ). We report a 66-year-old male diagnosed with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 )/chronic @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), who showed evidence of @entity548 . A CT-scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed an enlarged spleen, multiple paraaortic and mesenteric lymph nodes, and some diverticular pouching along the antimesenteric border of the pelvic colon. A colonoscopy revealed the presence of multiple polypoid lesions, biopsies of which showed @entity706 without any identifiable follicles. Immunohistochemical analysis combined with a Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) study excluded the diagnosis of @entity1073 . A bone marrow aspiration biopsy demonstrated diffuse infiltration of the bone marrow with low grade lymphocytes that expressed @entity2225 , @entity5893 and @entity7527 , with negative @entity4910 , t (11; 14) and @entity4910 . A diagnosis of @entity1892 with kappa light chain restriction was made. @entity1412 is considered to be a digestive counterpart to @entity1073 and can therefore be considered as a presentation of @entity1073 . In our case, the polypoid lesions failed to show the characteristic features of @entity1073 . The @entity1 's bone marrow revealed @entity1892 of @entity1072 / @entity1072 phenotype, which to our knowledge has not been linked to @entity1412 in previously reported cases.

title: XXXX associated with @entity1072 : a unique presentation.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'diffuse lymphoid infiltrate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'lymphocytic lymphoma', 'small lymphocytic lymphoma', 'SLL']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['a B-cell lymphoma', 'B-cell CLL']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple lymphomatous polyposis', 'MLP']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['Multiple lymphomatous polyposis']


abstract: Atrophy developing in the quadriceps femoris muscle following @entity3331 is one of the serious problems not only in the field of orthopedics but also of rehabilitation. However the pathogenesis of this @entity194 has not yet been elucidated. The author therefore produced a complex @entity130 model using the knee joints of @entity35 in order to study the pathogenesis of this @entity194 . After severing the anterior cruciate ligament, the medial collateral ligament and tibial insertion of the medial meniscus of @entity35 , these animals were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. After removing the vastus lateralis muscle, vastus medialis muscle, and rectus femoris muscle, specimens of these muscles were stained for ATPase. The transection area of the muscle fibers was measured and the fiber type composition was determined. At 4 weeks the vastus medialis muscle and at 12 weeks the vastus lateralis muscle showed marked @entity194 . The rectus femoris muscle exhibited the least @entity194 throughout the entire observation period. In examining the @entity2057 muscle by muscle fiber type, the degree of @entity194 was found to differ among the venters and even the same venter showed a different reaction depending on the elapsed time after sustaining the injury. Neither changes in the fiber type composition not neurogenic findings could be observed.

title: Histochemical study on the XXXX muscle caused by knee joint injuries of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injury']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the quadriceps femoris']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['atrophy of the quadriceps femoris']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study objective was to describe the Stent-Assisted Balloon-Induced Intimal Disruption and Relamination in Aortic Dissection Repair technique for @entity1580 repair using proximal descending aortic endografting with distal aortic relamination through bare-metal stent and balloon-induced intimal disruption with immediate intimal reapposition. METHODS: Between April 2007 and September 2011, 11 selected @entity1 (10 male; median age, 50  years) underwent proximal descending aortic endografting plus stent-assisted balloon-induced intimal disruption of the thoracoabdominal aorta to treat complicated @entity1580 (7 type A, 4 acute type B). @entity1 with type A dissection underwent open surgical intervention plus adjunctive retrograde endovascular repair. Serial computed tomography angiography was used to assess aortic remodeling. RESULTS: There were no intraprocedural complications. Thirty-day incidence of @entity204 , @entity64 , and @entity912 / @entity63 was 9% (n  =  1), 0%, and 0%, respectively. Median follow-up was 18  months (range, 4-54  months). Two @entity1 (18%) required secondary endovascular reintervention. No late adverse events or aortic-related @entity204 occurred. @entity2849 occurred in 90% (n  =  10) of @entity1 , with stable maximal diameters in the thoracic (P  =  .6) and abdominal aortas (celiac trunk: P  =  .34; renal; P  =  .6; infrarenal: P  =  .7) at latest follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The Stent-Assisted Balloon-Induced Intimal Disruption and Relamination in Aortic Dissection Repair approach is a feasible endovascular technique that shows promise to achieve complete repair of the dissected aorta by inducing @entity2849 . The restoration of uniluminal flow in the thoracoabdominal aorta has the potential to improve long-term outcomes. Prospective, multicenter investigations are required to implement this strategy more broadly.

title: Stent-assisted balloon-induced intimal disruption and relamination in XXXX repair: the STABILISE concept.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['visceral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Complete false lumen obliteration', 'complete false lumen obliteration']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exenatide is an incretin mimetic licensed for treatment of @entity164 2 @entity6 poorly controlled despite maximally tolerated doses of oral therapy. Similar in structure to the natural incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 ( @entity6757 ), it helps restore underlying pathophysiological abnormalities. CASE REPORT: We report the successful use of exenatide, combined with insulin, in a 66-year-old @entity1 initially diagnosed with @entity164 2 @entity6 in 1989 but now exhibiting a @entity164 1 phenotype. Diet, lifestyle advice and oral @entity413 -lowering agents were commenced but persisting poor control necessitated insulin therapy in 2005. She later presented twice in @entity6 , suggesting conversion to a @entity164 1 phenotype (postprandial C-peptide < 94 pmol/l). Despite differing insulin regimens, control remained poor with frequent hyperglycaemic and hypoglycaemic excursions, severely impairing quality of life. Whilst an inpatient in 2007 [glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) 10.2%, body mass index (BMI) 31.5 kg/m(2)] exenatide was commenced in an attempt to stabilize glycaemic control. Dramatic improvements were seen and continued. Eight months later, HbA(1c) had fallen by 2% with an 8-kg @entity353 and 10-unit reduction in daily insulin dose. Quality of life dramatically improved. C-peptide remains undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1 with features of both @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 benefited greatly from exenatide with insulin therapy. The improvement seen in glycaemic control could not be attributable to enhanced insulin secretion but could be as a result of a combination of the other incretin effects (postprandial glucagon suppression, delayed @entity356 and @entity353 secondary to increased satiety) all improving insulin sensitivity, reducing insulin dose and smoothing control.

title: Stabilizing effect of exenatide in a XXXX with C-peptide-negative @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Currently, @entity706 diagnosis is based on a combination of morphology, immunophenotyping, and molecular testing. Using the example of an unusual case of malignant @entity1893 , we show that improved visualization using digital pathology contributes to the convergence of these complementary diagnostic modalities. A 45-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity1910 and cervical @entity3329 . Histological workup of an excised lymph node showed loss of normal architecture with diffuse infiltration and increased mitotic activity. Immunohistochemistry for CD3/ @entity5893 showed atypical arrangement and infiltration of a T-cell population that dominated over regionally dense, @entity14546 -positive plasmacellular infiltrates. Expanded @entity10911 / @entity7527 -positive meshworks of follicular dendritic cells were present within and between regressed follicles and the T-cell infiltrate; staining for @entity2940 and @entity4910 was negative. Quantification of Ki-67 staining within the T-, B- and plasmacellular compartments was achieved by digital image conversion, overlay and subsequent quantification algorithms that revealed proliferation within more than 60% of T-cells, over 50% of plasma cells and only 20% of B-cells. Clonality analysis by PCR revealed monoclonal rearrangement for both T-cell receptor gamma chains and immunoglobulin heavy chains. Taken together, we present an unusual combination of an angioimmunoblastic @entity784 (AITL) and simultaneous @entity706 . This report demonstrates how application of modern tools of digital pathology can visually integrate unusual morphological and molecular findings.

title: [Application of digital pathology tools. An unusual case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'plasmacellular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Balance and gait problems have repeatedly been mentioned in case descriptions of @entity1 infected with @entity2858 ). Objective evidence of these problems has rarely been reported, however. Furthermore, the extent to which balance and gait are influenced by antiretroviral medications or comorbid @entity146 has rarely been examined. DESIGN: The study compared 78 @entity2858 seronegative volunteers to 28 @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 receiving no antiretroviral therapy, 25 @entity1 receiving only @entity2353 analogue therapy, and 37 @entity1 receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). METHODS: The dependent measures included Equilibrium Quotient scores recorded during 3 subtests of the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), the number of falls during each subtest, the functional base of support, gait speed and cadence, single leg balance time, proximal strength, and vibrotactile threshold of the foot. The analysis employed the number of @entity167 and @entity734 problems, @entity308 severity, and body mass index as covariates. RESULTS: ANCOVAs revealed significant decrements in the 3 @entity2858 seropositive groups relative to the control group on Equilibrium Quotient scores during the most difficult of the SOT subtests (sway-referenced support surface with eyes-closed). @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 also exhibited a smaller functional base of support and greater vibrotactile thresholds. Antiretroviral treatment did not affect balance; but, it did alter sensory threshold in a complex manner. CONCLUSIONS: @entity645 / @entity791 is associated with reliable decrements in balance and peripheral sensory function which are variably sensitive to antiretroviral treatment. The implications of these findings for mobility, and workplace or operator safety, should be contemplated.

title: Sensorimotor dysfunction in XXXX / @entity791 : effects of antiretroviral treatment and comorbid @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1', 'HIV-1']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of @entity460 supplementation in @entity1 with @entity3010 ( @entity3010 ). DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind crossover trial. SETTING: Outpatient medical clinic of a large city hospital. @entity1 : Seventy-eight @entity1 were initially screened. Trial selection was based on a history of recurrent @entity3010 symptoms and on the results of a prospective assessment of daily symptom scores. Only @entity1 with symptom scores during the late luteal phase that were at least 50% greater than those during the intermenstrual phase were selected. Thirty-three @entity1 completed the trial. INTERVENTION: A preliminary evaluation included physical examination, routine laboratory tests, dietary assessment, and @entity146 evaluation. Each @entity1 received six months of treatment involving three months of daily @entity460 supplementation (1,000 mg of @entity4959 ) and three months of placebo. MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy was assessed prospectively by changes in daily symptom scores over a six-month period and retrospectively by an overall global assessment. Multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance on symptom ratings derived from daily @entity3010 symptom scores demonstrated a reduction in symptoms on @entity460 treatment during both the luteal (p = 0.011) and the menstrual phases (p = 0.032) of the reproductive cycle. @entity460 supplementation had no effect during the intermenstrual phase. Retrospective assessment of overall symptoms confirmed this reduction: 73% of the @entity1 reported fewer symptoms during the treatment phase on @entity460 , 15% preferred placebo, and 12% had no clear preference. Three premenstrual factors (negative affect [p = 0.045]; water retention [p = 0.003]; @entity158 [p = 0.036]) and one menstrual factor ( @entity158 [p = 0.02]) were significantly alleviated by @entity460 . CONCLUSION: @entity460 supplementation is a simple and effective treatment for @entity3010 , but further studies will be needed to determine its precise role in @entity3010 .

title: XXXX supplementation in @entity3010 : a randomized crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'premenstrual syndrome']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemoresistance is a major cause of treatment failure in @entity694 , and @entity5 stem cells have been found to be involved in the chemoresistance of @entity694 . However, the mechanisms driving the chemoresistance of @entity694 stem cells have not been addressed. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the @entity137 of @entity1311 in @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+) SW1222 @entity694 cells expressing @entity30411 ( @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+) @entity30411 (+) stem cells) and @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+) HCT116 @entity694 cells expressing wild-type @entity876 ( @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+)p53wt stem cells). RESULTS: SW1222 cells were more resistant to @entity1311 -induced @entity137 than HCT116 cells. Conversely, HCT-116 cells had higher matrigel colony formation ability than SW1222 cells. The isolated @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+) @entity30411 (+) cells showed higher resistance to @entity1311 -induced @entity137 than @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+)p53wt cells. The resistance of @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+) @entity30411 (+) cells to @entity1311 is associated with upregulation of @entity30411 and @entity588 expression, @entity522 activity, and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I. The sensitivity of @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+)p53wt cells to @entity1311 is associated with the downregulation of @entity588 expression, upregulation of @entity589 levels, and upregulation of @entity522 activity. Silencing of @entity30411 expression and treatment with lysosomal inhibitor @entity30412 increased @entity1311 -induced @entity137 in @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+) @entity30411 (+) cells. Conversely, overexpression of @entity30411 decreased cell death in @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+)p53wt cells. Intratumoral injection of @entity30411 siRNA significantly inhibited @entity5 growth in a xenograft @entity5 model inoculated with @entity1759 (+) @entity11707 (+) @entity30411 (+) @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: @entity30411 exerts a protective role in @entity694 stem cells, which play a crucial role in chemoresistance to @entity1311 through activation of autophagy. Autophagy is activated though the @entity30411 - @entity588 -LC3 pathway. In contrast, @entity876 exerts a major role in apoptosis and inhibits autophagy in @entity694 stem cells.

title: Autophagy of @entity5 stem cells is involved with chemoresistance of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity30412 :: ('MESH:C057620', 'Chemical') :: ['bafilomycin A']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: @entity3538 is rarely mentioned as a cause of @entity1415 . This condition is quite rare but it is important to consider @entity439 in the etiology of @entity1415 because of their high mortality rate and since they require management quite different from that of @entity1415 of other origins. After @entity4288 the most frequent cause of an @entity3538 is a closed or penetrating craniofacial @entity130 injuring the artery. This leads to subsequent aneurysmal dilation of the cavernous and petrous portions of the artery itself. @entity439 of the cavernous portion of the artery are more frequent. In this location the @entity439 has a close anatomical relationship with the sphenoid sinus as well as the nasal fossae. In the present paper two cases of traumatic intracavernous carotid @entity439 presenting @entity1415 are described. In the first case, reported 25 years ago, the diagnosis was made on an autoptic table in young @entity1 who died after two severe episodes of massive @entity548 . The second case involved a 17-year-old @entity1 with a severe @entity1415 reported one month after a close craniofacial @entity130 . An intracranial carotid pathology was suspected because of the recurrence of @entity1415 and the history of reduced visual activity. Therefore angiography was performed which revealed a small @entity439 of the intracavernous segment of the left internal carotid artery. Subsequently, an @entity887 of the @entity439 was successful, preserving the parent artery. The importance of considering @entity439 in the differential diagnosis of @entity1415 is emphasized.

title: [Intracranial post-traumatic @entity3538 as cause of XXXX : considerations on 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['nasal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis', 'nose-bleeding', 'massive epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm of the internal carotid artery', 'aneurysm of the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular balloon embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['epistaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggest that there are connections between @entity170 and @entity65 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between radiological measurements of abdominal aorta calcifications (AAC) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional study were included 125 postmenopausal @entity1 50-84 years of age. @entity79 of the spine and hip was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). AAC were assessed by lateral radiographs of lumbar spine (L1-L4), using the antero-posterior severity score (0-24). @entity174 were evaluated from T4 to L4 using Genant's semiquantitative method. RESULTS: Forty-one (32.8%) @entity1 had @entity170 and 61 (48.8%) had AAC with a mean score of 3.1. Postmenopausal @entity1 with AAC were older and had significantly lower femoral neck and trochanteric @entity79 than subjects without AAC (all p   <   0.01). There were no significant differences in the frequency of fractures between subjects with AAC and those without AAC (p   >   0.05). In univariate analysis, age, height, weight, femoral and trochanter @entity79 were significantly associated with the severity of AAC score. In multiple regression analysis, femoral neck @entity79 , but not lumbar spine, trochanter @entity79 or age, was an independent predictor of AAC. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced femoral neck @entity79 is negatively associated with the presence of AAC in postmenopausal @entity1 . The association between @entity79 and AAC seems to be age-independent, which suggests a common pathogenesis for @entity729 .

title: Bone mineral density, XXXX and body mass index in postmenopausal @entity1 with abdominal aortic calcification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss and vascular calcifications']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endoscopic thoracic sympathetic surgery is effective for treating palmar @entity1119 , although @entity3190 ( @entity3190 ) is a significant and annoying side effect. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of limited resection at two different locations. METHODS: From May 2004 to June 2009, T3 sympathicotomy (group I) was performed in 46 @entity1 and T3,4 ramicotomy (group II) was performed in 43 @entity1 during the same period. T3 sympathicotomy (group I) and T3,4 ramicotomy (group II) were performed during the same period. Using questionnaires, completed by the @entity1 , the satisfaction rates and grades of @entity3190 were analyzed. RESULTS: No significant differences in age distribution or sex ratios were observed between the two groups. The satisfaction rate was 91.3 % in group I and 79.1 % in group II. The operation time was 19.8 (  6.6) min in group I, and 51.6 (  18.8) min in group II, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.002). The incidence of persistent hand sweating in group II (16.3 %) was higher than that observed in group I (2.2 %). The incidence of @entity3190 on the lower extremities was higher in group II (37.2 %) than in group I (10.9 %). CONCLUSIONS: Although ramicotomy is considered to be an effective method for treating @entity1119 and has a theoretical advantage of allowing greater anatomical resection, it requires longer operation time and induces more severe @entity3190 in the lower limbs resulting in reduced satisfaction rates.

title: A comparison between two types of limited sympathetic surgery for palmar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory sweating', 'CS']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: The diagnosis of heterozygous @entity4310 in three rural South African communities in which hypercholesterolaemia is very prevalent could be confirmed by the measurement of @entity754 activity in circulating lymphocytes. A nominal cut off point could be proposed which separated the @entity754 activity of 24 clinically diagnosed heterozygous @entity753 @entity1 and 31 healthy @entity1 . @entity754 activity was measured as total degradation of 125I-LDL and expressed as ng LDL/mg cell protein/6 hours. The cut off point was set at 970 ng/mg protein/6 hours. This proposed cut off point was tested by assaying the @entity754 of three homozygous @entity753 @entity1 and seven of their obligate heterozygous @entity753 first degree relatives. The three homozygous @entity753 @entity1 showed no receptor activity and the activity of the seven obligate heterozygous first degree relatives fell below the proposed cut off point. To determine the prevalence of @entity753 in the study population, all @entity1 aged 15 to 24 years whose total @entity165 levels fell above the 80th centile for their age and sex, as well as their families, were approached (n = 114). The @entity754 activity in lymphocytes of 77 of these @entity1 aged 15 to 24 years was determined after applying the exclusion criteria. Ten of the 77 @entity1 had @entity754 activity below 970 ng LDL/mg protein/6 hours and were therefore diagnosed as being heterozygous @entity753 @entity1 . The calculation of the prevalence (corrected for exclusions) revealed that one in 71 of the 15 to 24 year old permanent residents in the predominantly Afrikaans speaking community suffered from heterozygous @entity753 . This is higher than any @entity753 prevalence previously reported for any group.

title: The use of XXXX activity of lymphocytes to determine the prevalence of @entity4310 in a rural South African community.

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['LDL receptor', 'low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity754 :: (3949,Gene) :: ['low density lipoprotein receptor']


abstract: 1. The action of @entity1772 on the voltage-gated @entity141 current (ICa) was studied, using cultured neurones of the newborn @entity35 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Two major categories of ICa were identified: a small transient current activated positive to -60 mV (low voltage-activated ICa) and a large and slowly inactivating current activated positive to -30 mV (high voltage-activated ICa). 2. @entity1772 reversibly blocked the high voltage-activated ICa and slowed the activation phase of the current in a concentration-dependent manner (0.5-50 microM). The half-maximal effective concentration was about 1.5 microM as measured by a peak of ICa. On the contrary, a high concentration of @entity1772 (100 microM) had no detectable effect on the low voltage-activated ICa. 3. The @entity1772 -sensitive component of the high voltage-activated ICa was largely inactivated by a depolarized holding potential (Vh) of -40 mV, whereas the @entity1772 -resistant component was not affected by a change in Vh ranging from -110 to -30 mV. 4. The high voltage-activated ICa had two components of current decay: an inactivating component and a quasi-sustained component, with time constants about 420 and 1220 ms, respectively. The time constant of decay for the inactivating component was not affected by replacement of external @entity141 with @entity8594 , whereas that for the quasi-sustained component was markedly prolonged, suggesting that the decay of this component may be due to @entity141 -induced block rather than voltage-dependent inactivation. A high concentration of @entity1772 (50 microM) selectively blocked the inactivating component. 5. The decay phase of the @entity1772 -sensitive component of the high voltage-activated ICa was best fitted by a sum of two exponentials, with 29.2 and 481 ms for the fast and slow components, respectively. The time constants of the two components were not affected by an increase in the concentration of @entity1772 , whereas the amplitudes changed concentration-dependently. 6. The slowed activation of the high voltage-activated ICa by @entity1772 was partially reversed by a large depolarizing pre-pulse. However, such an acceleration of the current was similarly observed in the control solution. Furthermore, the actual current size increased by the pre-pulse was similar in both the control and @entity1772 -containing solutions. 7. These results suggest that @entity1772 selectively blocks the inactivating component of the high voltage-activated ICa which forms a rapid rising phase of this current, thus slowing the activation phase of the total high voltage-activated ICa.

title: Kinetic analysis of the GABAB-mediated inhibition of the high-threshold XXXX current in cultured @entity35 sensory neurones.

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen', 'baclofen']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: The hallmarks of diagnosis of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) used by the authors since 1977 have been that the @entity5 is well circumscribed, has syncytial architecture in greater than 75% of its surface, contains diffuse inflammatory infiltrate, has atypical nuclei, and forms no glandular pattern. In order to assess the clinical utility of these criteria, we studied a series of 95 previously untreated, surgically operable @entity1 with @entity0 at the Institut Gustave-Roussy (IGR) between 1960 and 1979. A diagnosis of @entity0 was initially made for these @entity1 or suspected based on abundant @entity32 observed in a histologic evaluation. Using these criteria, 26 cases were identified as @entity189 ( @entity189 ), 23 cases as @entity189 ( @entity189 ), and 46 cases as @entity189 ( @entity189 ). The 26 cases of @entity189 represent a very small fraction of the total infiltrating operable @entity0 diagnosed at IGR during the same time period. The prognosis for these 26 @entity1 was much more favorable than for the other groups. They had a 10-year disease-free survival of 92% compared with 53% for the @entity189 group and 51% for the @entity189 group. Neither distant @entity3 nor secondary primaries of the same histology were seen. Therefore, it is possible with the use of strict histologic criteria to distinguish a group of @entity1 with a much more favorable prognosis. This histologic diagnosis alone renders a most favorable prognosis for the @entity1 even if other factors such as large @entity5 size and lymph node involvement are present and, by inference, the only therapy needed is the removal of all @entity5 . In contrast, atypical forms have a prognosis no different from other atypical types of @entity0 without @entity32 , and adjuvant therapy appears to be justified if other factors warrant it.

title: @entity0 . A reevaluation of 95 cases of @entity0 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory stroma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['MedBC', 'medullary breast cancer', 'breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['NMC', 'AMC', 'nonmedullary carcinoma', 'atypical medullary carcinoma', 'typical medullary carcinoma', 'TMC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory stroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively review our experience of CT scan in cases with a final diagnosis of surgically confirmed mechanical @entity1744 . METHODS: It is a retrospective analytical study, done from 2003 to 2008. All adult @entity1 having undergone laparotomy in addition to a preoperative abdominal CT scan over a 5 year period were identified through the medical records and their case notes reviewed. Taking surgery to be the gold standard for diagnosing mechanical @entity1744 , we compared results of the CT with operative findings to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of CT scans. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. RESULTS: A total of 271 @entity1 records were reviewed. The mean age was 46 +/- 19 years and (64%) were @entity1 . @entity1321 was found in 104 @entity1 on laparotomy and CT scan had diagnosed 97 of these. The sensitivity and specificity was 93% respectively. CT scanning correctly identified the cause of the obstruction in 72 (74%) cases. The common reasons for @entity1744 identified by surgery were adhesions 29 (40%), @entity5 12 (17 %) and @entity547 (10%). CONCLUSION: CT scans are reliable at diagnosing @entity1321 with a high sensitivity and specificity but they are not as accurate at defining the etiology of the obstruction.

title: The role of computed tomography for identifying mechanical XXXX in a Pakistani population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction', 'Mechanical intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['bowel obstruction']


abstract: Twenty cases of symptomatic @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ) in preterm inborn @entity1 were studied retrospectively. The diagnostic criteria were a systolic or a systolodiastolic murmur, @entity591 (greater than 160 per minute), hyperdynamic precordium, collapsing arterial pulses, @entity1283 or a need for intermittent positive pressure ventilation or continuous distending airway pressure. The incidence was found to be 2.48/1000 live births and 1.5% of SCBU admission. All babies were less than 35 weeks gestation and 18/20 weighed less than 1750 g at birth. Ten babies were treated with @entity3352 (0.2 mg/kg) and two of these babies died before the course of treatment was completed. Ten babies were treated with conservative therapy. They could not be administered @entity3352 because two died of fulminant @entity295 soon after the diagnosis was made; two babies had @entity295 and DIC but recovered from it, three had @entity882 , one had @entity2629 , two babies had @entity3638 requiring exchange transfusion. The two groups of babies matched in respect to gestational age, sex, age at presentation, birth weight and associated illnesses. Two babies in each group died soon after diagnosis. Of the eight babies in each group, six babies closed the ductus on @entity3352 therapy as against two on conservative therapy. This difference was significant (p less than 0.05). The babies who responded to @entity3352 were all treated within two weeks of age. None of them showed any complication of drug therapy or recurrence of @entity2461 . We conclude that intragastric @entity3352 given early in the management of symptomatic @entity2461 in term @entity1 is a safe and effective modality.

title: Clinical profile and management of symptomatic XXXX in premature @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical experience of Bentall operation combined with total arch replacement and stented @entity7105 trunk implantation for serious Debakey I aortic dissecting @entity439 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with serious Debakey I aortic dissecting @entity439 underwent surgical treatment from January 2005 to December 2007. There were 10 male and 2 female with the mean age of (40.1 +/- 9.5) years old. There were acute @entity1580 in 9 cases, chronic @entity1580 in 3 cases. The inner diameter of aorta was (5.3 +/- 1.8) cm. There were @entity1614 in 4 cases, @entity337 in all cases, severely persistent @entity662 in 9 cases, @entity712 in 8 cases, and @entity2293 in 4 cases. Bentall operations combined with total arch replacement and stented @entity7105 trunk implantation were performed by using deep hypothermic @entity1167 and antegrade selective cerebral perfusion in all cases. RESULTS: Urgent surgery underwent in 9 cases. The mean interval between the onset of @entity1580 and the accomplishment of surgery was (41.0 +/- 15.9) hours. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was (191 +/- 26) min, average cross clamp time was (134 +/- 31) min, and average deep hypothermic @entity1167 time was (50.0 +/- 14.5) min. One @entity1 died in hospital. The time stayed in ICU was 3 to 27 d. @entity146 in 6 cases, hemi-paralysis in 1 case, amputation in 1 case, @entity548 of @entity254 in 1 case, @entity548 of alimentary tract in 1 case, and @entity1143 in 4 cases were recorded. Eleven cases were followed-up for 8 weeks to 36 months. There were no bending of the stents and no obstruction in the vascular prosthesis.No re-operation was needed. One case died 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Bentall operation combined with total arch replacement and stented @entity7105 trunk implantation is safe and effective for serious Debakey I aortic dissecting @entity439 , while good organs protection and consummate cardiopulmonary bypass were taken.

title: [Bentall operation combined with total arch replacement and stented XXXX trunk implantation for serious Debakey I aortic dissecting @entity439 ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute left heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: A 57 year-old @entity1 developed a slowly progressive environmental @entity1054 and @entity1742 without disturbances of language, memory, orientation and social activities. Two years later, @entity5545 , @entity1055 , @entity227 , constructional @entity1742 , simultagnosia and imitation @entity1742 of nonsymbolic gestures were also noted. Ophthalmic examination demonstrated a left inferior quadranopsia. Oral comprehension was normal. There was no loss of insight, and behavioral response was appropriately concerned. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral @entity194 in parieto-occipital areas, most pronounced on the right side, with enlargement of the ventricles. Positron emission tomography demonstrated low flow and metabolism values in the right parietal, temporal and occipital regions. This case is very similar to those of posterior @entity194 recently reported by Benson et al. (1988). It suggests a selectively degenerative dysfunction of posterior association cortex, sparing oral language and verbal memory.

title: [Visuo-constructional disorders and @entity5545 - @entity1055 associated with posterior XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual agnosia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['apraxia', 'dressing apraxia']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['cortical atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study examined changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) and @entity299 during paced @entity1353 (PB) and their relationships with self-reported personality traits. METHODS: Fifty-eight meditation-naive subjects (36 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ) ranging in age from 20 to 30 years completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). After a spontaneous @entity1353 session, @entity1 were asked to breathe in 6-s cycles, guided by an acoustic stimulus. EEG, HRV, and respiratory data were recorded during spontaneous and paced @entity1353 . We calculated the powers for the EEG and HRV parameters based on the most regular respiratory curve observed over a 5-min period. RESULTS: In terms of HRV parameters, the high-frequency power increased and the low frequency-to-high frequency ratio decreased during PB. The low-frequency power did not change. In terms of EEG parameters, low-frequency alpha power, a marker of internal attention, globally increased and theta power, a marker of an advanced meditative state, locally decreased. This indicates that parasympathetic activity and internal attention increased, whereas an advanced meditative state was inhibited during PB. Of the personality traits, harm avoidance, novelty seeking, persistence, self-directedness, and self-transcendence were related to changes in low- and high-frequency alpha powers. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that PB can be utilized as a concentration meditation practice for novices, and that individual differences such as personality traits should be considered when PB is offered for clinical or experimental purposes.

title: Clinical utility of paced XXXX as a concentration meditation practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate variability (HRV) parameters']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Basal @entity842 (NO) activity has a pivotal role in the regulation of glomerular hemodynamics, and in animal experiments, its alteration has been associated with morphological changes characteristic of @entity2316 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational-study during a mean follow-up of 2.1 years. SETTING _ @entity1 : 66 @entity101 @entity1 (aged 30 to 80 years) with @entity164 2 @entity6 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) greater than 80 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) with normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria. PREDICTOR: Mean arterial pressure during follow-up during treatment with @entity9887 or @entity3372 for 9 weeks, followed by treatment according to the discretion of the individual primary care physician. OUTCOMES _ MEASUREMENTS: Renal vascular resistance, renal plasma flow, GFR, and change in renal plasma flow in response to infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 as an indicator of basal NO activity in the renal vasculature. RESULTS: 50 of 66 @entity1 could be reexamined. At follow-up, mean arterial pressure decreased from 106 +/- 9.1 to 100 +/- 11 mm Hg (P < 0.001). Body mass index and hemoglobin A(1c) levels were unaltered. Renal vascular resistance decreased (from 128 +/- 44 to 103 +/- 30 mm Hg/mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2); P < 0.001), renal plasma flow increased (from 490 +/- 133 to 589 +/- 154 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2); P < 0.001), and GFR did not change (113 +/- 22 versus 116 +/- 26 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2); P = 0.4) during follow-up. The decrease in renal plasma flow in response to @entity7293 infusion was more pronounced at follow-up (-56.7 +/- 39 versus -73.4 +/- 48 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2); P = 0.02), indicating improved basal NO activity. After adjustment for possible confounders, @entity1 with a marked decrease in mean arterial pressure showed more improved basal NO activity during follow-up than those with a less pronounced decrease in mean arterial pressure (P = 0.04). LIMITATIONS: @entity1 were treated according to the discretion of the individual primary care physician. CONCLUSIONS: During follow-up, renal vascular resistance, renal plasma flow, and renal endothelial function (indicated by basal NO activity) improved. Better blood pressure control was associated with improved endothelial function of the renal vasculature, thereby potentially mediating the changes in renal hemodynamics.

title: Renal vascular endothelial function in @entity101 XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['N-monomethyl-l-arginine', 'N-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study is a part of a prospective @entity161 research project run in Krak6w. The general objective of the project is a long-time observation of @entity1 with @entity161 , @entity1021 from the first episode through the years of living with the @entity221 , the assessment of treatment results and predictors. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the level of expressed emotions in family at the onset of @entity161 may have a prognostic value in regard to the further course of the @entity221 . METHOD: Four indicators of treatment results were observed: the number of relapses, the overall time of inpatient hospitalisations, the number of inpatient hospitalisations and the severity of @entity1109 , all in 3, 7 and 12 years since first hospitalisations. @entity5785 ( @entity5785 ) were assessed with Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), the severity of symptoms was assessed with BPRS-SA, the UCLA version. RESULTS: (1) The increase of the number of relapses in subsequent follow-ups was more pronounced in the group of subjects with higher @entity5785 at the time of their first hospitalisations. (2) The number and overall time of hospitalisations did not correspond in any way with the @entity5785 level at the time of the first hospitalisation. (3) The dynamics of general and positive symptoms was related to the @entity5785 level at the time of the first hospitalisation. The negative syndrome was found to have no significant relationships. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The level of @entity5785 at the time of the first hospitalisation can be regarded as a specific predictor of relapses in the study group. (2) Creating research models that enable to differentiate: trait and state as well as dependent on family and on the course of @entity221 aspects of @entity5785 , would enable better understanding of this phenomenon, which appears both as predictor and as effect of the course of @entity161 .

title: [The role of expressed emotions indicator as a predictor of the course of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['EE', 'Expressed emotions']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is paucity of research to quantify the severity and to predict the mortality risk of severe @entity9231 even if it affects multiple organ systems during the course of the disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to develop a severity score for assessment of disease severity and risk prediction in adult @entity1 of severe @entity9231 on the first day of hospitalisation. METHODS: A cohort of 2598 @entity1 of @entity9231 were enrolled in this study of which 2089 @entity1 were included as developmental sample and 509 @entity1 as validation sample. Physiological variables were analyzed for defining and assessment of severity of @entity881 ( @entity881 ). The severity level and corresponding severity score for each @entity881 were determined by logistic regression analysis that took both the relative severity among the organ systems and the degree of severity within an organ system into account. Risk of mortality has been calculated for each score. RESULTS: Physiological variables defined dysfunction in 7 organ systems with 3 levels of severity (I to III). @entity51 had 3 levels of severity. Hematologic, cardiovascular, and @entity1576 had 2 levels of severity where as hepatic and @entity209 had 1 level of severity. 1,3, and 5 points were assigned to level I, II, and III severity of @entity881 respectively. @entity311 without any abnormal physiological variables had been considered as no organ failure and assigned 0 score. The cumulative scores in a @entity1 is known as @entity311 severity score (MSS) that ranged from 0 to 21. Risk of mortality had been calculated for each score. CONCLUSION: This prospective study provides an objective tool for assessing severity levels for @entity881 and prediction of risk of mortality in severe @entity9231 which can be used for treatment and research. It has been observed that no two @entity1 of @entity9231 are same in severity. The severity varies over time and @entity311 can affect single or multiple organs with different levels of severity which can be quantified as level I, II, and III. @entity51 were the most severe with level III severity, followed by @entity65 with level-II severity, as well as hepatic and @entity209 the least severe with level-I severity. @entity1 of @entity311 can be stratified as low, intermediate, and high risk depending on the MSS. With the help of MSS daily risk estimates and recovery time of @entity881 can be determined.

title: The @entity311 severity score: a method for severity assessment and risk prediction of hospital mortality for XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic and renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['OD', 'organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['haematologic, cardiovascular, and respiratory dysfunction']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: Rhythmic activity of neurons and heart cells is endowed by pacemaker channels that are activated by hyperpolarization and directly regulated by @entity8613 (termed @entity32626 channels). These channels constitute a multigene family, and it is assumed that the properties of each member are adjusted to fit its particular function in the cell in which it resides. Here we report the molecular and functional characterization of a @entity1 subtype @entity26039 . @entity26039 transcripts are expressed in heart, brain, and testis. Within the brain, the thalamus is the predominant area of @entity26039 expression. Heterologous expression of @entity26039 produces channels of unusually slow kinetics of activation and inactivation. The mean potential of half-maximal activation (V(1/2)) was -75.2 mV. @entity268 shifted V(1/2) by 11 mV to more positive values. The @entity26039 gene was mapped to chromosome band 15q24-q25. The characteristic expression pattern and the sluggish gating suggest that @entity26039 controls the rhythmic activity in both thalamocortical neurons and pacemaker cells of the heart.

title: Molecular characterization of a slowly gating XXXX hyperpolarization-activated channel predominantly expressed in thalamus, heart, and testis.

entities_list: @entity8613 :: ('MESH:D009712', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Absent @entity338 (APVS) is a rare @entity154 . Two variants of this @entity154 are known. The postnatal outcome is generally poor. We report 2 @entity1 who were referred to us for fetal echocardiography after abnormal findings on detailed sonography. We discuss the fetal echocardiographic features of this rare @entity299 . METHODS: We analyzed the fetal echocardiographic findings of APVS in the 2 @entity1 . The study was performed on an ultrasound machine using a convex transducer and fetal echocardiographic presets. The @entity2270 , size, and situs of the heart were evaluated. Color and spectral Doppler evaluations of both inflow and outflow tracts were done, and M-mode measurements of the cardiac chambers and great arteries were obtained. RESULTS: Both @entity1 had APVS. One fetus had the typical features of APVS, with a dilated pulmonary artery and branches, a subaortic @entity1757 , overriding of the aorta, and ductal agenesis. There was typical to-and-fro flow noted on color and spectral Doppler imaging. The other fetus showed rare findings of APVS, with an intact ventricular septum (IVS) and a patent ductus arteriosus associated with functional @entity1145 . CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal diagnosis of the common variant (associated with @entity215 ) of APVS is easy because of its typical features of a dilated main @entity358 and color Doppler detection of severe @entity850 and insufficiency of the functionally @entity338 . However, the second variant of APVS can have various findings, which can make a specific diagnosis difficult.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of XXXX : report of 2 cases, most common and most rare presentations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'congenital cardiac anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['absent pulmonary valve', 'pulmonary valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and branch arteries']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomaly']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['absent pulmonary valve syndrome']


abstract: We describe the case of a 74-year-old @entity1 with @entity255 , complicated by @entity3168 @entity295 and @entity5642 . @entity3168 @entity295 is a rare but well-known cause of @entity5642 . Here we review 40 similar cases published since 1990. Most cases involve immunocompromised @entity1 with underlying @entity74 (22.5%), @entity788 (12.5%) and  or @entity6 (30.0%). Focus of @entity281 is mostly hepatobiliary (45.0%), intestinal or gynaecological after invasive procedure. Eighty percent of reviewed cases did not survive; the median time between admission and @entity204 was only eight hours. If an attempt was made to remove the focus of @entity281 (i.e. by @entity5572 , cholecystectomy, hysterectomy or ERCP), this proved to be a strong prognostic indicator of survival. However, in many of the cases the @entity1 had already gone into shock or died before a diagnosis could be made. In severely ill @entity1 with @entity221 and haemolysis on the emergency department @entity3168 @entity295 should always be considered, since early antibiotic treatment and if possible removal of the focus of @entity281 can rescue @entity1 from an otherwise fatal outcome.

title: XXXX @entity295 with @entity5642 : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic or gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['massive intravascular haemolysis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorder']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity3168 :: (1502,Species) :: ['Clostridium perfringens']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sedation in @entity1 can be a challenge for emergency physicians, which demands for selecting an effective medication with few complications and good analgesic effects. This study has been performed to evaluate the adverse effects of @entity3652 while using either @entity3897 or placebo in emergency departments. METHODS: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial involving 200 @entity1 with age ranging between 2 and 15 years, who need a @entity158 procedure. @entity1 randomly were divided into 2 groups both treated by @entity3652 (1 mg/kg intravenously administered); group 1 received excessive intravenous @entity3897 (0.01 mg/kg), whereas distilled water was given to group 2 as placebo. Adverse effects and duration of the treatments were recorded. RESULTS: From March to September 2010, 200 of 218 eligible @entity1 were enrolled. The mean (SD) age of @entity1 in the intervention group was 7.0 (3.6) years that showed no statistical difference with the control group (age range, 2-15 years; mean, 7.1 [3.8] years). The mean procedure and sedation time between the intervention and placebo groups were not significantly different (P = 0.919 and 0.783, respectively). Several differences between the intervention and placebo groups were noted including @entity1209 , but only the difference in @entity4164 was statistically significant (12% vs 28%). Low @entity26 saturation was reported only in 2% of the @entity1 , whereas none of the @entity1 experienced @entity386 or @entity8822 during the sedation process. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3897 added to @entity3652 significantly reduces @entity4164 without producing any adverse effects on the procedure duration or success rate.

title: @entity3652 and XXXX for pediatric sedation: a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['hypersalivation']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early and accurate prediction of outcome in @entity64 is important. The aim of this prospective study was to explore the correlation between serum @entity1954 level and prognosis in acute @entity385 @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective observational study which included 359 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 from December 2014 to November 2015 was interrogated. Serum @entity1954 (T3) concentrations were measured on admission to understand their value in predicting functional outcome within 90  days using multivariable models adjusted for confounding factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to define the best cutoff value of @entity1954 to predict outcome. The accuracy of the test was assessed measuring the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). RESULTS: @entity1954 was significantly decreased in @entity1 with an unfavorable functional outcome as compared to @entity1 with a favorable functional outcome within 90  days (P = 0.01). Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that lower @entity1954 concentrations on admission were associated with a risk for poor outcomes (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.25; P < 0.01). In addition, in ROC curve analysis, @entity1954 may improve the NIHSS score in predicting functional outcome. The combined model AUROC was 0.84 for 30  days and 0.91 for 90  days, which were both significantly higher than the AUROCs of original NIHSS (0.83 and 0.87), @entity1954 (0.64 and 0.69) and age (0.57 and 0.68) (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low serum @entity1954 levels can be a predictive marker of short-term outcome after @entity385 . A combined model ( @entity1954 , age and NIHSS score) can add significant additional predictive information to the clinical score of the NIHSS.

title: Low T3 levels as a predictor marker predict the prognosis of XXXX with acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['Triiodothyronine', 'triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the most effective treatment method of @entity543 or @entity432 . Surgeons typically check the blood flow in each vessel using Duplex Doppler ultrasonography or radiocontrast angiography in order to prevent @entity260 . @entity385 on the ipsilateral side has been reported in 4-7% of @entity1 undergoing CEA despite a tolerable blood flow reported by Duplex ultrasonography. This study was designed to evaluate a new intraoperative method for detecting technical errors during CEA using @entity3194 (ICG) angiography. METHODS: Six consecutive @entity1 with severe @entity543 or @entity432 underwent CEA. Both ICG angiography and Doppler ultrasonography were performed before the carotid arterial incision and after the carotid arterial suture. After injecting ICG dye via an intravenous route, the internal surface, @entity1856 , and flow defect were visualized with a microscope. RESULTS: In ICG angiography, @entity75 could be identified as regions of relatively dark signal intensity. Magnified real-time images could be created using a microscope with an infrared filter, including three-dimensional images and detailed images of the inner lumen. These images could then be compared with the results of Doppler ultrasonography. In the six cases assessed by both ICG angiography and Doppler ultrasonography, all Doppler results were acceptable. However, one @entity1 underwent revision surgery because a fluttering @entity1856 was detected by ICG angiography. ICG angiography could assume the extent of severe stenotic area. ICG angiography could also detect mobile lesions such as a fluttering @entity1856 . CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative ICG angiography before arteriotomy is useful to determine the precise stenotic area and the shape of the associated plaque. ICG angiography after an arteriotomy site is sutured is also useful for detecting residual stenosis or fluttering @entity1856 . ICG angiography could be an alternative method to Doppler ultrasonography for ensuring a complete and successful operation and preventing complications.

title: An innovative method for detecting surgical errors using XXXX angiography during carotid endarterectomy: a preliminary investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['stenotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Embolic cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity3194 :: (MESH:D007208,Chemical) :: ['indocyanine green']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies implicate the sinoatrial node (SAN) as a @entity1 in @entity943 , including @entity956 ( @entity956 ) and @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, the direct role of the SAN has never been described. METHODS AND RESULTS: The SAN was optically mapped in coronary perfused preparations from normal @entity235 hearts (n=17). Optical action potentials were recorded during spontaneous rhythm, overdrive atrial pacing, and @entity955 / @entity956 induced by @entity934 ( @entity3451 ; 0.3 to 3 micromol/L) and/or @entity3044 ( @entity8670 ; 0.2 to 1 micromol/L). An optical action potential multiple component algorithm and dominant frequency analysis were used to reconstruct SAN activation and to identify specialized sinoatrial conduction pathways. Both @entity3451 and @entity8670 facilitated pacing-induced @entity955 / @entity956 by shortening atrial repolarization. The entire SAN structure created a substrate for macroreentry with 9.6+/-1.7 Hz (69 episodes in all preparations). Atrial excitation waves could enter the SAN through the sinoatrial conduction pathways and overdrive suppress the node. The sinoatrial conduction pathways acted as a filter for atrial waves by slowing conduction and creating entrance block. @entity3451 / @entity8670 modulated filtering properties of the sinoatrial conduction pathways by increasing/decreasing the degree of the entrance block, respectively. Thus, the SAN could beat independently from @entity955 / @entity956 reentrant activity during @entity3451 (49+/-39%) and @entity3451 / @entity8670 (62+/-25%) (P=0.38). Without @entity3451 , the @entity955 / @entity956 waves captured the SAN and overdrive suppressed it. Spontaneous SAN activity could terminate or convert @entity956 to @entity955 during cholinergic withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: The specialized structure of the SAN can be a substrate for @entity955 / @entity956 . Cholinergic stimulation not only can slow sinus rhythm and facilitate @entity955 / @entity956 but also protects the intrinsic SAN function from the fast @entity955 / @entity956 rhythm.

title: Complex interactions between the sinoatrial node and atrium during reentrant XXXX in the @entity235 heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: PURPOSE: We translated the original 17-item @entity8487 ( @entity8487 ) into Turkish and examined its validity and reliability to determine whether it may used as a tool to measure quality of life (QOL) in a Turkish elderly sample @entity1 . METHODS: The sample included 398 @entity1 aged 65 years living in institutions. @entity1 who were cognitively impaired (Abbreviated Mental Test score less than 7) or who could not answer questions for other reasons were excluded. Preliminary analysis was conducted to investigate multicollinearity, univariate and multivariate outliers, normality, item difficulty and discriminatory power of individual items. Confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) was used to test the structure of the @entity8487 . By means of convergent-divergent validity, correlations between @entity8487 and Turkish SF-36, correlations between @entity8487 and social support scores, and correlations between @entity8487 and hopelessness scores were investigated. Reliability was based on internal consistency investigated by Kuder-Richardson-20 (KD-20) and item-total correlation. RESULTS: By means of multicollinearity, we deleted two items. Neither univariate nor multivariate outliers were found. No items showed skewness and kurtosis value greater than recommended. A model containing 15 of the @entity8487 items was found to fit Turkish data perfectly. We identified three underlying factors including @entity2146 , attitude toward own aging, and lonely dissatisfaction similar to original @entity8487 's three-factor solution. There were strong correlations between @entity8487 's subscales. The correlations with the physical and mental domain in SF-36, correlations between @entity8487 and social support, and correlation between @entity8487 and hopelessness supported construct validity. We found satisfactory evidence of internal consistency (KD-20 was 0.92 for total @entity8487 and it ranged from 0.76 to 0.85 for subscales in the @entity8487 ) with item-total correlations ranging from 0.39 to 0.73. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity8487 is a valid and reliable quality of life measure in elderly Turkish @entity1 .

title: Validity and reliability of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale among Turkish elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['PGCMS', 'Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Therapeutic approaches to @entity2023 are reviewed in this paper. Pharmacotherapeutic approaches include nonsedative antihistamines, anti- @entity56 drugs, vasoconstrictors, anticholinergic agents and topical corticosteroids. The choice of treatment depends upon its relative efficacy and safety. Although effective, immunotherapy has been seriously questioned in recent years owing to the occurrence of possibly serious side-effects. @entity8610 are safe and effective for treatment of @entity112 -mediated symptoms of itching, sneezing and rhinorrhoea. The newer compounds do not cause sedation. For nasal symptoms, topical anti- @entity56 drugs are not as effective as other treatments. Topical vasoconstrictors are often used, though they cause side-effects when the treatment is prolonged. Anticholinergic drugs are safe and effective for @entity5254 . @entity288 are highly effective for most symptoms, but their administration by oral or parenteral routes cannot be recommended because of side-effects. Topical corticosteroids inactivated by hepatic first pass metabolism are favoured as they are highly effective and safe. Their mechanism of action is not completely understood, but they act through both an anti-inflammatory effect and an anti- @entity56 activity decreasing mediator release. These drugs are the most effective in the treatment of nasal obstruction because of their anti-inflammatory effect. They are usually administered in response to symptoms, but in the future, it is likely that they will be used prophylactically before the pollen season in order to decrease the priming effect.

title: Pathophysiology and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity8610 :: ('MESH:D006633', 'Chemical') :: ['Antihistamines']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']


abstract: The principal symptoms and signs of @entity46 are tissue lesions and pelvic @entity158 . These occur to varying degrees, with a chronic pattern and a tendency for deterioration with time. @entity1 with @entity46 often also have fertility problems, but the relationship between this and the signs and symptoms of the disease is inconsequent; the basic pathophysiology is not exactly known. Although an @entity1200 resulting in an inflammatory reaction around discharged menstrual debris in the pelvic cavity has been shown, no treatments based on this process are available. @entity172 often plays an important role in the progression of lesions and @entity158 . Therefore, the aim of treatment usually has been to downregulate the ovaries and/or given antiestrogenic drugs as an alternative to surgical removal. As complete downregulation of the ovaries and hypoestrogenaemia does not seem to be crucial, achievement of @entity4999 seems to be sufficient. This means that @entity1 may continue to have circulating @entity172 levels so that severe hypoestrogenic adverse effects such as @entity79 , @entity8376 , @entity146 symptoms or anabolic/androgenic effects of gestagens can be avoided. However, as both symptoms and the dependence of hormones may vary between and within @entity1 , the treatment needs to be individualised. There are a number of available treatments for @entity46 on the market and it is important for the doctor to know how to reach the therapeutic window of these treatments for each @entity1 . It is also important to inform the @entity1 about the different possibilities so that the treatment with the least impact on her quality of life can be chosen. When the therapeutic window has been identified, the treatment may then either be continued for a long period of time or be repeated when needed.

title: Current drug therapy recommendations for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone demineralisation']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological defect']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['dry vagina']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Ventilation was measured by a plethysmographic method in awake @entity19 before and after intraperitoneal injection of neuroleptic drugs to test the hypothesis that dopaminergic mechanisms modulate control of breathing in this species. Dose-dependent augmentation of ventilation at rest and during @entity519 , and reduced ventilation during @entity2944 was demonstrated for @entity1767 , @entity6918 , @entity6916 and @entity2644 (P less than 0.05 or less for each drug). Doses of drugs causing maximal increase of the ventilatory response to @entity519 were linearly related (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001) to in vitro affinity of the drugs for @entity935 receptors. Despite presumed equal @entity935 -receptor blockade, the drugs had unequal effects on the ventilatory response to @entity519 . @entity6918 augmented @entity519 ventilation to 290% of the control value, @entity2644 to 250% control, @entity6916 to 190% control and @entity1767 to 120% control. These differences in efficacy were in the same order as the affinities of the drugs for alpha-adrenoceptors. The effect of combined @entity1767 (90 nmol kg-1) and varying doses of @entity5521 (175-900 nmol kg-1) was assessed to test the hypothesis that alpha-antagonism was a factor in determining the increase in ventilation following @entity935 blockade. @entity5521 caused dose-dependent augmentation of the ventilatory effects of @entity1767 (P less than 0.01) but had no ventilatory effect when given alone. Carotid body resection in anaesthetized @entity19 abolished the stimulation of @entity519 ventilation caused by @entity6918 . It is concluded that dopaminergic mechanisms in the carotid body modulate ventilatory control in the awake @entity19 . The drugs most effective in augmenting @entity519 ventilation are those that block both @entity935 and alpha-adrenoceptors.

title: Ventilatory stimulation by @entity935 -receptor antagonists in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6916 :: ('MESH:D011346', 'Chemical') :: ['prochlorperazine']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine', 'phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['Droperidol', 'droperidol']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']