abstract: BACKGROUND: It is currently unclear whether adjuvant therapy for WHO grade  III @entity816 ( @entity816 ) should be carried out as combined chemoradiotherapy with @entity2903 ( @entity2904 )-analogous to the approach for @entity463 multiforme-or as radiotherapy (RT) alone. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data from 90  @entity1 with @entity816 , who were treated between November  1997 and February  2014. Assessment of overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was performed according to treatment categories: (1) 50   %, RT  +  @entity2904 according to protocol, (2) 11   %, RT  +  @entity2904 with dose reduction, (3) 26   %, RT alone, and (4) 13   %, individualized, primarily palliative therapy. No dose reduction was necessary in the RT alone group. RESULTS: Median OS was 85, 69, and 43  months for treatment categories  1/2, 3, and  4, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. PFS was  35, 29, 48, and 33  months for categories  1, 2, 3, and  4, respectively; again without significant differences between categories. In a subgroup of 39  @entity1 with known @entity818  @entity28485 status, the presence of this mutation correlated with significantly longer OS (p   =   0.01) and PFS (p   =   0.002). Complete or partial @entity5 resection and younger age also correlated with a significantly better prognosis, and this influence persisted in multivariate analysis. In the @entity818  @entity28485 subgroup analysis, only this marker retained an independent prognostic value. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: A general superiority of combined chemoradiotherapy compared to RT alone could not be demonstrated. Biomarkers for predicting the benefits of combination therapy using RT and @entity2904 are needed for @entity1 with @entity816 .

title: Adjuvant XXXX -based chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in @entity1 with @entity816 : The Mainz experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this article is to determine the association between left atrial appendage (LAA) regional dysfunction using image-based motion-estimation computed tomography (CT) (iME) and a prior history of @entity64 or @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: In this single-centre retrospective case-control study, among @entity1 referred for @entity955 ablation who underwent pre-ablation cardiac CT with retrospective ECG gating, we identified 18 @entity1 with a prior history of @entity64 or @entity4905 at the time of CT scan and 18 age- and gender-matched controls. All the @entity1 were in sinus rhythm at the time of CT scan. Four-dimensional motion vector field was estimated from the CT images using iME. To assess @entity296 , area change ratio (A) and area change rate (AR) were calculated over the endocardial surface of the LAA. There was no significant difference in the baseline @entity1 characteristics between the @entity64 / @entity4905 group and the control group (67.6    8.1 years old, 66.7% male, 16.7% persistent @entity955 ). LAA maximum (Amax; 23.8    33.0 vs. 52.9    41.2%, P = 0.02) and pre-atrial contraction area change ratio (ApreA; 13.7    17.7 vs. 30.9    29.2%, P = 0.04) were significantly lower in the @entity64 / @entity4905 group than in the control group, respectively. The difference in LAA Amax and ApreA remained significant in multivariate analysis (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: LAA regional dysfunction is associated with @entity64 / @entity4905 in @entity955 @entity1 . Our results offer a basis for a prospective study to determine the role of LAA regional dysfunction by iME in predicting cerebrovascular events such as @entity64 or @entity4905 .

title: Regional function analysis of left atrial appendage using motion estimation CT and risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial deformation']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Hurthle cell @entity5 are a variant of follicular cell @entity5 . The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability of intraoperative frozen-section analysis for diagnosing @entity1358 and @entity1544 and to evaluate age, gender, and @entity5 size differences in the incidence of @entity1358 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: The records of all @entity1 undergoing thyroid surgery at Long Island Jewish Medical Center (Long Island Campus of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY) from 1990 to 2000 were reviewed. @entity1 were identified whose final pathological finding was @entity1544 or @entity1358 . Age at diagnosis, gender, @entity5 size, and correlation between frozen-section analysis and final pathological finding was determined. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen @entity1 had Hurthle cell @entity5 on final pathological finding (49 had @entity1358 and 67 had @entity1544 ). Eleven of these @entity1 had incidental @entity1377 . There were 24 @entity1 and 92 @entity1 . Sixty-seven percent of the @entity1 (16 of 24) and 36% of the @entity1 (33 of 92) had @entity1358 on final pathological finding. The mean ages for @entity1544 and @entity1358 groups were 53 (median age, 50 y) and 58 years (median age, 61 y), respectively. One hundred eleven @entity1 had intraoperative frozen-section analysis. Of the 49 @entity1 with @entity1358 , 9 (19%) were diagnosed by frozen-section analysis, 36 (75%) had indeterminate frozen-section analysis, 3 (6%) were discovered to have @entity1377 on frozen-section analysis, and 1 did not have a frozen-section analysis. Multivariate analysis indicated that size correlated with @entity5 and that gender did not (P =.0015). CONCLUSIONS: In the study population, only 19% of @entity1 were discovered to have @entity1358 on frozen-section analysis. Sixty-seven percent of @entity1 with @entity1544 had @entity5 , compared with 36% of @entity1 , and this difference was statistically significant.

title: Hurthle cell XXXX of the thyroid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective Administered in a timely manner, current evidence-based interventions could reduce neonatal deaths from infections, intrapartum @entity130 and complications due to prematurity. The three delays model (delay in seeking care, in arriving at a health facility, and in receiving adequate care), which has been applied to understanding maternal deaths, may be useful for understanding neonatal deaths. We assess the main causes of neonatal deaths in Rwanda and their associated delays. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, we evaluated data from 2012 from 40 facilities in which babies were delivered. Audit committees in each facility reviewed each @entity204 in the facility and reported finding to the Ministry of Health using structured questionnaires. Information from questionnaires were centralized in an electronic database. At the end of 2012, records from 40 health facilities across Rwanda's five provinces (mainly district hospitals) were available in the database and were used for this analysis.  Results Of the 1324 neonates, the major causes of @entity204 were: @entity1763 and its complications (36.7%), @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) (22.5%), and prematurity (22.4%). At least one delay was experienced by nearly three-quarters of neonates: Maternal Delay in Seeking Care 22.1%, Maternal Delay in Arrival to Care 11.2%, Maternal Delay in Adequate Care 14.2%, Neonatal Delay in Seeking Care 8.1%, Neonatal Delay in Arrival to Care 9.3%, and Neonatal Delay in Adequate Care 29.1%. Neonates with each of the main causes of @entity204 had statistically significantly increased odds of experiencing Maternal Delay in Seeking Care. @entity1763 deaths had increased odds of experiencing all three Maternal Delays. @entity1729 deaths had increased odds of all three Neonatal Delays. Conclusion Delays for @entity1 in seeking obstetrical care is a critical factor associated with the main causes of @entity204 in Rwanda. Improving obstetrical care quality could reduce neonatal deaths due to @entity1763 . Likewise, reducing all three delays could reduce neonatal deaths due to @entity1729 .

title: Missed Opportunities in Neonatal Deaths in Rwanda: Applying the Three Delays Model in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1763 :: ('MESH:D001237', 'Disease') :: ['Asphyxia', 'asphyxia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['LRTI', 'lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['Neonatal Death']


abstract: A growing body of evidence indicates that ageing brings a progressive disruption in the immune and endocrine systems. However, very few reports have correlated the changes in the immune system with the endocrine function in the elderly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes occurring in the peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations with age and correlate them with the @entity2339 . We determined the peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype and the T cell receptor usage by flow cytometry analysis. The HPA function was evaluated by the basal serum levels of adrenal @entity230 and the response to stimulation with a low-dose ACTH. In the elderly, we observed a decrease of major T subsets together with an increase of NK cells and activated T cells. With regard to the HPA function, the most significant decline was found in @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) and @entity2990 ( @entity2990 ). A close correlation between immune changes with ageing and @entity2494 response to ACTH stimulation was found. The present study showed an inverse correlation of lymphocyte changes with the plasma levels of @entity230 , especially @entity2494 and its metabolite, @entity2990 . This association was not found for other @entity230 and points for the possibility of using @entity2494 to correct the immunological decline associated with ageing.

title: Changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in elderly subjects are associated with an impaired function of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function']

entities_list: @entity2990 :: ('CHEBI:16814', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEAS', 'dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the success of percutaneous, CT-guided @entity733 drainage (PAD) in @entity1 with @entity30 . METHODS: Within the last 5 years 8 @entity1 with @entity30 were treated by PAD for @entity6177 . A @entity292 was determined to be the cause in 4 @entity1 . The abscesses arose spontaneously in 7 @entity1 while one @entity1 had a @entity86 . We used single lumen 10 F- and double lumen 12 F- and 14 F-catheters for drainage (duration of drainage 8-20 days). RESULTS: In all cases the @entity733 was successfully drained by PAD. However, an operation-free interval of at least three months was achieved in only two @entity1 . A healing of the @entity292 was not attained in any of the 4 @entity1 with a proven @entity292 . No enterocutaneous @entity292 arose within the course of PAD. CONCLUSIONS: PAD is also useful for @entity1 with @entity30 since it improves the starting situation for the necessary operative interventions. In most cases (especially with enterogenic @entity292 ), however, a long-lasting therapeutic result cannot be expected.

title: [Percutaneous XXXX drainage in @entity30 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative abscess']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['abscess']


abstract: Objective was to investigate content of written information material and availability of @entity458 for @entity1 experiencing @entity250 ( @entity250 ) after @entity263 treatment. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Dutch urology and radiotherapy departments to evaluate information materials and availability of @entity458 . Out of 71 eligible departments, 34 urology and 15 radiotherapy departments participated in the survey (response rate 69.0%). Fifty-nine brochures corresponding to 31 urology and 11 radiotherapy departments were analysed. In 88.1% of collected information material, sexual health was mentioned. Regarding extensiveness, 20.4% of the brochures contained extensive information, 50.8% moderate amount of information and 28.8% contained little or no information. Urology departments provided pre-treatment nurse consultations more often than radiotherapy departments. Sexual counselling was more frequently provided by urology departments. Urology departments were more aware of adequate referral possibilities. Information material provided by Dutch urology and radiotherapy departments does not address treatment-related @entity250 routinely. Sexual health care is not available everywhere for @entity1 experiencing @entity250 . Applying a standard regarding content of sexual health in information material is recommended as well as improved awareness of referral possibilities and enhanced provision of pre-treatment nurse consultations for @entity1 experiencing @entity250 after @entity263 treatment.

title: Written information material and availability of @entity458 for XXXX experiencing @entity263 treatment: An evaluation of Dutch urology and radiotherapy departments.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health care']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'SD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality after major surgery and transplantation. We investigated the effect of @entity6164 on @entity810 and @entity63 allograft damage after kidney transplantation. @entity6164 and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) control @entity19 were subjected to 35 min of renal pedicle clamping to induce @entity810 . @entity6164 was associated with a marked improvement in survival and an attenuated @entity8 . Furthermore, functional MRI experiments revealed better renal perfusion in @entity6164 @entity19 than in @entity164 @entity19 one day after IRI. @entity4295 and neutrophil infiltration were markedly reduced in @entity6164 @entity19 . To determine whether this resistance to @entity63 -reperfusion injury resulted from changes in local renal cells or infiltrating leukocytes, we studied a life-supporting renal transplant model of @entity63 graft injury. We transplanted kidneys from H(2b) @entity6164 @entity19 (129/SV) and their corresponding @entity164 littermates into major histocompatibility complex-incompatible H(2d) recipients (BALB/c) and induced @entity63 graft injury by prolonged cold @entity63 time. Recipients of @entity164 allografts developed severe @entity177 and died within 10 days of transplantation. Recipients of @entity6164 allografts had better renal function and survival; they had less generation of ROS and upregulation of proinflammatory proteins (i.e., @entity8024 , inducible @entity842 synthase, and @entity637 ) and showed less tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and @entity32 in their allografts. These data suggest that local renal PKC-   expression mediates proapoptotic and proinflammatory signaling and that an inhibitor of PKC-   signaling could be used to prevent @entity519 -induced @entity810 .

title: @entity8 attenuates XXXX and @entity63 allograft injury via @entity637 -dependent inhibition of apoptosis and @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['loss of kidney function']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['Acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6164 :: ('MESH:C566847', 'Disease') :: ['PKC-  -deficient', 'PKC-   deficiency']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: The past four decades have seen @entity5 . As a consequence, there are increasing numbers of adult childhood @entity5 survivors. This has prompted investigation into the long-term consequences of @entity5 treatments. One group that merits special study is the survivors of @entity3478 . Their function and quality of life may depend in part on both the surgery and the age at which it was performed. Comparisons between studies are difficult because small numbers of @entity1 and the use of varying research designs and methods have limited research in this area. The purpose of this article is to review the major surgical @entity3478 and their impact on pediatric @entity1 . The results show that survival is equivalent between amputation and limb salvage. Complications occur more frequently in limb salvage. The long-term outcomes of those undergoing amputation and limb salvage have not been found to be substantially different in regard to quality of life. In conclusion, prospective long-term follow-up of pediatric @entity1 with @entity5 is needed to (1) determine in a uniform manner the long-term complications, quality of life, and functionality of this population and describe differences within this @entity1 population based on age at diagnosis and surgical procedure, (2) identify areas of concern that are amenable to intervention, and (3) provide clinicians and future @entity1 a better understanding of the surgical options.

title: Limb salvage and amputation in survivors of pediatric XXXX : what are the long-term implications?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lower-limb tumors', 'cancer', 'tremendous progress in the treatment of pediatric and adolescent cancers']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['approaches to lower-limb bone tumors', 'lower-extremity bone tumors']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['lower-extremity bone tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if total @entity460 ( @entity141 ) intake and intake of @entity141 from dairy sources are related to whole-body fat oxidation. DESIGN: : Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 35 (21 m, 14 f) non-obese, healthy adults (mean+/-s.d., age: 31+/-6 y; weight: 71.2+/-12.3 kg; BMI: 23.7+/-2.9 kg m(-2); body fat: 21.4+/-5.4%). MEASUREMENTS: Daily (24 h) energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient oxidation using whole-room indirect calorimetry; habitual @entity141 intake estimated from analysis of 4-day food records; acute @entity141 intake estimated from measured food intake during a 24-h stay in a room calorimeter. RESULTS: Acute @entity141 intake (mg. kcal(-1)) was positively correlated with fat oxidation over 24 h (r=0.38, P=0.03), during sleep (r=0.36, P=0.04), and during light physical activity (r=0.32, P=0.07). Acute @entity141 intake was inversely correlated with 24-h respiratory quotient (RQ) (r=-0.36, P=0.04) and RQ during sleep (r=-0.31, P=0.07). After adjustment for fat mass, fat-free mass, energy balance, acute fat intake, and habitual fat intake, acute @entity141 intake explained approximately 10% of the variance in 24-h fat oxidation. Habitual @entity141 intake was not significantly correlated to fat oxidation or RQ. Total @entity141 intake and @entity141 intake from dairy sources were similarly correlated with fat oxidation. In backwards stepwise models, total @entity141 intake was a stronger predictor of 24 h fat oxidation than dairy @entity141 intake. CONCLUSION: Higher acute @entity141 intake is associated with higher rates of whole-body fat oxidation. These effects were apparent over 24 h, during sleep and, to a lesser extent, during light physical activity. @entity460 intake from dairy sources was not a more important predictor of fat oxidation than total @entity141 intake.

title: Relation between XXXX intake and fat oxidation in adult humans.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity519 and pressure-overload induce @entity10183 ( @entity10183 ) in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). @entity10183 (-/-) @entity19 exposed to chronic @entity519 develop @entity120 ( @entity120 ) with exaggerated right ventricular (RV) injury consisting of dilation, @entity82 , and mural thrombi. Our objective was to identify the @entity10183 product(s) mediating RV protection from @entity130 in @entity10183 (-/-) @entity19 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: @entity10183 (-/-) @entity19 were exposed to seven weeks of @entity519 and treated with inhaled CO or @entity8864 injections. CO reduced right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and prevented @entity519 pulmonary arteriolar remodeling in both @entity10183 (-/-) and control @entity19 . @entity8864 had no significant effect on arteriolar remodeling or RVSP in either genotype. Despite this, @entity8864 prevented RV failure in the @entity519 @entity10183 (-/-) @entity19 (0/14 manifested RV wall @entity82 or @entity715 ), while CO-treated @entity10183 (-/-) @entity19 developed RV insults similar to untreated controls. In vitro, CO inhibited @entity519 VSMC proliferation and migration but did not prevent @entity204 from anoxia-reoxygenation (A-R). In contrast, @entity648 limited A-R-induced @entity204 but did not inhibit VSMC proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: CO and @entity648 have distinct protective actions in the heart and @entity358 during chronic @entity519 . Moreover, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance may not prevent @entity130 in @entity519 -induced @entity120 ; supporting RV adaptation to @entity519 and preventing RV failure must be a therapeutic goal.

title: Divergent cardiopulmonary actions of heme oxygenase enzymatic products in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8864 :: ('MESH:D001664', 'Chemical') :: ['biliverdin', 'Biliverdin']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vasculature']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyocyte death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['RV injury', 'hypoxic injury']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Between 1996 and 2000 the authors followed-up 6 @entity1 with @entity1184 of 7 feet. Surgical treatment was performed in 4 @entity1 (4 feet). The average age at the time of surgery was 9 years, and the average follow-up period was 3 years. 2 cases of @entity41163 of the I and II rays of the foot and 1 case of @entity41163 of the II ray of the foot were observed. Amputations of phalanges or toes in all 3 cases were performed with amputations of distal parts of adjacenet metatarsals in 2 cases. Soft tissue debulking was routinely done. Operative treatment of 1 case of the foot @entity11125 connected a resection of the IV and V metatarsals, a removal of the III metatarsal, an epiphysiodesis of II metatarsal and an amputation of all toes at the @entity11542 joint level. A good cosmetic result was achieved in all @entity1 with @entity41163 and all of them were normal shoes. The treatment in the case of foot @entity11125 yielded good functional result and satisfactory cosmetic result. The @entity1 required orthopaedic foot-wear. In the authors' opinion the resection of the lateral rays of the foot is superior the central ray resection.

title: [Treatment of @entity41163 and foot XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity41163 :: ('MESH:C562546', 'Disease') :: ['macrodactyly']

answer: @entity11125 :: (MESH:D005877,Disease) :: ['gigantism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To carry out a critical appraisal of the literature in an attempt to assess the current value of synovial fluid (SF) analysis in the diagnosis of @entity2720 . METHODS: A literature search was undertaken using the Medline, Biomed, Bids, Pubmed, and Embase electronic databases using the keywords: synovial fluid (SF) analysis, SF crystals, @entity295 , @entity625 , and SF cell counts, cytology, biomarkers, and microbiology. RESULTS: Publications fell into three main categories. Firstly, reports assessing the value of the three traditional assays (microbiology, white blood cell counts, and microscopy for pathogenic crystals). For these quality control evidence was found to be sparse, and tests for sensitivity, specificity, and reliability showed worrying variations. These poor standards in SF analysis may be due to lack of inclusion of some tests within routine pathology services. Secondly, claims for the usefulness of "new" assays (cytology and biochemical markers). For cytology, the supporting evidence was mainly anecdotal and there were no reports on specificity, sensitivity, and reliability. Interpretation difficulties are a major hindrance to the clinical use of biochemical assays, which remain primarily research tools. Finally, work on the diagnostic value of SF analysis in general. The appraisal confirmed that SF analysis remains of major diagnostic value in @entity625 , where @entity5414 or @entity2720 is suspected, and in @entity210 . CONCLUSIONS: Given the importance of SF tests, rationalisation of their use, together with improved quality control, should be immediate priorities. Further investigation is recommended into the contribution of SF inspection and white cell counts to diagnosis, as well as of the specificity and sensitivity of SF microbiological assays, crystal identification, and cytology.

title: The value of synovial fluid assays in the diagnosis of XXXX : a literature survey.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['joint sepsis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['acute arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['crystal arthropathy', 'joint disease']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['intercritical gout']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['joint disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity46668 is a kinase inhibitor that blocks protein kinase C (PKC), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, platelet-derived growth factor receptor @entity7801 , and other class III receptor @entity669 kinases. The enthusiasm for this compound is based on its inhibitory effect even in the case of @entity7801 mutations. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of @entity7801 in @entity788 and to study the biological activity of combined inhibition of neovascularization and mitogenesis in this disease. METHODS: @entity7801 expression was analyzed in 18 @entity788 specimens by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Sixteen @entity788 cell lines were screened for ITD and D835 point mutations of the @entity7801 gene. @entity98 assays and anchorage-independent growth assays were used to study cell growth. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and apoptosis quantification. In vivo @entity1 and @entity1 cells were used for orthotopic @entity5 modeling. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify @entity5 angiogenesis. RESULTS: @entity7801 expression is down-regulated in @entity788 . Activating @entity7801 mutations (ITD, D835) were not detectable in any of the @entity788 cell lines. Cell growth was significantly inhibited as cell-cycle progression was reduced and programmed cell death increased. In vivo @entity46668 therapy resulted in a significant @entity5 growth with abrogation of @entity5 angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight that @entity46668 may be a new compound in target therapy of inoperable @entity788 @entity1 and suggest a potential role for the combined use of broad spectrum kinase inhibitors in the management of these @entity1 .

title: @entity46668 small-molecule @entity669 kinase inhibitor: single-compound therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['HPAF-II', 'patients', 'AsPC-1']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'inhibition of orthotopic tumor']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity381 and @entity27791 are well-known findings in @entity8674 major. We explored the relation between splenic size, splenic and @entity99 in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemic @entity1 , assessed by MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Abdominal MR imaging studies of 47 consecutive thalassemic @entity1 and 10 healthy subjects, used as controls, were retrospectively reviewed. The signal intensity ratios of spleen and liver to the right paraspinous muscle (S/M, L/M, respectively) were calculated on T1, intermediate, and T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences, splenic volume was estimated on axial images and serum ferritin levels were recorded. RESULTS: Decreased S/M on all MR sequences was displayed in 36 @entity1 . Six @entity1 presented with normal S/M on all MR sequences and 5 @entity1 displayed @entity4558 only on T2* sequence. No correlation between S/M and L/M was found whereas both L/M and S/M correlated with serum ferritin (P  <  0.03). Splenic volume correlated to L/M (P  <  0.05) but not to S/M values. CONCLUSION: In transfusion-dependent @entity1 with @entity8674 , @entity68 deposition in spleen cannot be predicted by the degree of @entity99 , whereas @entity381 relates to liver, but not splenic, @entity68 overload. MR imaging can be a valuable tool in elucidating @entity68 kinetics.

title: MR imaging of spleen in XXXX major.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27791 :: ('MESH:D012806', 'Disease') :: ['splenic siderosis']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic hypointensity']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly', 'Splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic siderosis']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is considerable controversy about timing of surgery in acute @entity788 . Scoring system is widely used in Intensive Care Units (ICU) but above all in order to assess the severity of disease. AIM OF THE STUDY: In this prospective clinical study, modification of clinical evolution and scores (APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA) are analyzed. Scores were computed, daily or every other day. Two particular phases were observed: the day of ICU admission and the day of surgical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 are studied; they were all surgically treated only after identification of positive pancreatic coltures. Open-packing was performed 2-6 weeks after the beginning of acute @entity788 . In six @entity1 who died, a progressive deterioration was noticed between admission and identification of infected @entity39 . All scores were higher in @entity1 who died, in particular a significant difference was found between SOFA score at admission and at treatment (mean +/- SD: 5.0 +/- 3.2 vs 8.5 +/- 3.0, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion when clinical conditions are critical a high SOFA score could contribute to indicate surgical treatment even without identification of @entity295 .

title: [Role of the severity score and of the multiple organ dysfunctions in the treatment of severe acute XXXX and its infective complications].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Suicidal behavior (SB) has a complex etiology involving genes and environment. One of the genetic components in SB could be copy number variations (CNVs), as CNVs are implicated in @entity245 . However, a recently published genome-wide and case-control study did not observe any significant role of CNVs in SB. Here we complemented these initial observations by instead using a family-based trio-sample that is robust to control biases, having severe suicide attempt (SA) in offspring as main outcome (n = 660 trios). We first tested for @entity471 associations on the genome-wide Illumina 1M SNP-array by using FBAT- @entity471 methodology, which allows for evaluating CNVs without reliance on @entity471 calling algorithms, analogous to a common SNP-based GWAS. We observed association of certain T-cell receptor markers, but this likely reflected inter-individual variation in somatic rearrangements rather than association with SA outcome. Next, we used the PennCNV software to call 385 putative rare (<1%) and large (>100 kb) CNVs, observed in n = 225 SA offspring. Nine SA offspring had rare @entity471 calls in a set of previously @entity161 -associated loci, indicating the importance of such CNVs in certain SA subjects. Several additional, very large (>1MB) sized @entity471 calls in 15 other SA offspring also spanned pathogenic regions or other neural genes of interest. Overall, 45 SA had CNVs enriched for 65 medically relevant genes previously shown to be affected by CNVs, which were characterized by a neurodevelopmental biology. A neurodevelopmental implication was partly congruent with our previous SNP-based GWAS, but follow-up analysis here indicated that carriers of rare CNVs had a decreased burden of common SNP risk-alleles compared to non-carriers. In conclusion, while CNVs did not show genome-wide association by the FBAT- @entity471 methodology, our preliminary observations indicate rare pathogenic CNVs affecting neurodevelopmental functions in a subset of SA, who were distinct from SA having increased SNP risk-allele burden. These observations may open up new avenues in the genetic etiology of SB.

title: Rare CNVs in Suicide Attempt include XXXX -Associated Loci and Neurodevelopmental Genes: A Pilot Genome-Wide and Family-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Objective. @entity3178 ( @entity3178 ) includes two main types: @entity4143 ( @entity4143 ) and @entity11162 ( @entity11162 ). Previous studies have indicated an increasing incidence, but these have mainly been based on regional databases. We found it important to study the epidemiology based on a comprehensive nationwide cohort. Material and methods. We studied the epidemiological data of @entity3178 in Denmark from 2002 to 2011. The cohort consisted of all @entity1 with a recorded diagnosis of either @entity4143 or @entity11162 in the Danish Pathology Register during the study period. Data on all @entity1 with a registered colon biopsy were also included. Results. A total of 7777 @entity1 , 4749 (61%) with @entity4143 and 3028 (39%) with @entity11162 , were identified. Over the study period, the annual incidence of diagnosed cases of @entity4143 increased from 2.9/10(5) to 14.9/10(5) and of @entity11162 from 1.7/10(5) to 9.8/10(5). In 2011, the incidence of @entity3178 was 24.7/10(5) inhabitants. The age-specific incidence showed that the risk of both @entity4143 and @entity11162 increased with age. The female/male ratio, distribution of the type of @entity1960 and mean age at diagnosis were relatively stable during the study period. The annual number of registered colon biopsies in the pathology register increased from 21.583 in 2002 to 39.733 in 2011, indicating an increased diagnostic activity. Conclusion. In a nationwide cohort study, the incidence of @entity4143 and @entity11162 continued to increase from 2002 to 2011. An increased diagnostic activity could in part explain the increase in the number of diagnosed cases.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX : a 10-year pathology-based nationwide Danish cohort study.

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic colitis', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['Microscopic colitis', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis', 'CC']

answer: @entity3178 :: (MESH:D046728,Disease) :: ['microscopic colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of pelvic lymph node sampling on survival in @entity1 with FIGO stage I and II @entity1204 . METHODS: We reviewed data from the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program on 9185 @entity1 with @entity1204 and 881 @entity1 with @entity1204 . Life table analysis was used to compare survival rates. RESULTS: Overall, lymph node sampling did not appear to convey survival benefit. The 5-year relative survival for 6363 @entity1 with @entity1204 who did not undergo lymph node sampling was 0.98, compared to 0.96 for 2831 @entity1 who did undergo lymph node sampling at the time of hysterectomy, a nonsignificant difference. @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) was associated with increased survival among those with stage I, grade 3 disease, but not grade 1 or grade 2. @entity1 with stage I, grade 3 disease who underwent @entity1600 had a relative 5-year survival of 0.89, compared to 0.81 for those who did not undergo @entity1600 (P = 0.0110). Nonsignificantly improved survival associated with @entity1600 for @entity1 with grade 3 disease was observed in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages Ib, Ic, and II. CONCLUSIONS: The observed survival benefit associated with lymph node sampling may be due to identification of @entity1 with more advanced @entity1204 . Accurate determination of grade and extent of @entity5 is necessary to delineate which @entity1 may benefit from lymph node sampling at hysterectomy. Effective cooperation between surgical pathology and gynecology services may be required to ensure adequate examination of the hysterectomy specimen. A surgeon with expertise in performing lymph node sampling should be available if operative findings render lymph node sampling appropriate.

title: @entity1600 and survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Lymph node sampling', 'LNS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['stage II endometrial cancer', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial cancer', 'stage I endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6010 is a benign @entity5 that derives from immature cells of the sympathetic nerve system. It is a very rare disease and affects newborns and @entity1 more often than adolescents and adults. The @entity5 are relatively difficult to diagnose since they usually are asymptomatic. We present a case of unusual coincidence of an @entity6010 and @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ). CASE REPORT: An 11.5-year-old @entity2689 @entity1 was admitted into the hospital with @entity558 . She was 7 months into @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) therapy. The reason for the admission was to carry out control tests. The @entity1 had not complains or abnormalities on physical examination. On the ultrasound examination of the abdomen in the right adrenal area an @entity5 was identified. The ultrasound examination of the abdomen performed 13 months earlier did not show any abnormalities. Computed tomography of adrenal glands confirmed right @entity5 . The hormonal function of the adrenal gland was normal. The treatment with @entity2124 was terminated and the @entity1 was urgently referred to surgical management. The right @entity5 together with a part of diaphragm was removed. On histopathological examination @entity6010 maturum was diagnosed. On the control MIBG examination physiological gaining of tracer in the left adrenal and in the rest tissue in the area of the right adrenal was found. Trepanobiopsy did not confirm neoplastic changes. CONCLUSIONS: There is a necessity of careful monitoring of @entity2689 @entity1 also in face of the possibility of disclosure previously not stated @entity5 after starting @entity2124 therapy. It is impossible to rule out that @entity2124 therapy promote growth of existing @entity5 .

title: XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity2689 .

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['Ganglioneuroma', 'ganglioneuroma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good general condition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal gland tumor', 'adrenal tumor', 'benign tumors', 'neuroblastal tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome', 'TS']

answer: @entity6010 :: (MESH:D005729,Disease) :: ['Ganglioneuroma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ) and @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) are precursors of @entity0 . Management of @entity2543 or @entity1373 after image-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity5 underestimation rates after @entity2543 or @entity1373 diagnosis using image-guided CNB and to identify clinical characteristics and imaging features associated with @entity5 as well as identify cases with low underestimation rates that may be treatable by observation only. We retrospectively reviewed 2,875 consecutive image-guided CNBs recorded in an electronic data base from January 2010 to December 2011 and identified 128 (4.5%) @entity2543 and 83 (2.9%) @entity1373 diagnoses (211 total cases). Of these, 64 (30.3%) were echo-guided CNB procedures and 147 (69.7%) mammography-guided CNBs. Twenty @entity1 (9.5%) were upgraded to @entity5 . Multivariate analysis indicated that age (OR  =  1.123, p  =  0.002, increase of 1  year), mass-type lesion with @entity730 (OR  =  8.213, p  =  0.006), and @entity1373 in CNB specimens (OR  =  8.071, p  =  0.003) were independent predictors of underestimation. In univariate analysis of echo-guided CNB (n  =  64), mass with @entity730 had the highest underestimation rate (p  <  0.001). Multivariate analysis of 147 mammography-guided CNBs revealed that age (OR  =  1.122, p  =  0.040, increase of 1  year) and calcification distribution were significant independent predictors of underestimation. No @entity2543 case in which, complete calcification retrieval was recorded after CNB was upgraded to @entity5 . Older age at diagnosis on image-guided CNB was a predictor of @entity5 underestimation. Mass with @entity730 was more likely to be associated with @entity5 , and in cases presenting as @entity730 only, segmental distribution or linear shapes were significantly associated with upgrading. Excision after @entity2543 or @entity1373 diagnosis by image-guided CNB is warranted except for @entity2543 diagnosed using mammography-guided CNB with complete calcification retrieval.

title: Predictors of Underestimation of Malignancy after Image-Guided Core Needle Biopsy Diagnosis of Flat Epithelial Atypia or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['ADH', 'atypical ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['FEA', 'Flat epithelial atypia']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment has been reported to induce tolerance against @entity2806 /reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of EA remain to be elucidated. Increasing evidence has suggested that excess activation of autophagy is important in I/R injury. The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that EA pretreatment  -induced tolerance to cerebral I/R injury was mediated by inhibition of the autophagy pathway. @entity35 were treated with EA at the acupoint 'Baihui (GV20)' 30  min/day, for five consecutive days prior to the induction of focal @entity2806 for 120  min by @entity2500 . Levels of autophagy, cerebral apoptosis, @entity1188 volumes, brain water content and motor deficit were evaluated 12  h following I/R. The autophagy inducer @entity3446 was used to investigate the role of autophagy in mediating neuroprotective effects. The results showed that the number of autophagosomes and the expression of the marker proteins of autophagy, including microtubule  -associated protein 1A light chain 3  (LC3)  -II and Beclin  1 were significantly increased 12  h post  -I/R. EA pretreatment decreased the expression of autophagy markers and the number of autophagosomes in the @entity63 cortex. In addition, EA pretreatment inhibited neuronal apoptosis, reduced @entity1188 volume and water content, as well as improved neurological outcome of @entity35 following I/R. Furthermore, the reduced expression of LC3  -II and Beclin 1 and the neuroprotective effects were reversed by the autophagy inducer @entity3446 . In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that EA pretreatment protected the brain against I/R injury via inhibition of the autophagy process.

title: Electroacupuncture pretreatment induces tolerance against XXXX /reperfusion injury through inhibition of the autophagy pathway.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: @entity114 resistance among @entity328 isolates has rapidly emerged in Poland during the last decade and has reached prevalence levels of up to 14.4% in 1997. In order to investigate the nature of this increase, a molecular epidemiological analysis of non- @entity114 -susceptible multidrug-resistant pneumococci isolated in 1995 and 1996 was conducted. Thirty-seven @entity1 who suffered mainly from @entity1729 and @entity2258 were enrolled in this study. The medical centers to which the @entity1 were admitted were located in 16 Polish towns across the country. Eight distinct BOX PCR types were observed, representing 14 subtypes. Restriction fragment end labeling (RFEL) analysis divided the pneumococcal strains into 16 distinct types. By combining the BOX PCR and RFEL data, four genetically distinct clusters of strains were identified. Two clusters represented the genetic clones 23F and 9V, which have recently emerged all over the world. The two other genetic clusters, which represented serotypes 23F and 6B, clearly predominated in the analyzed collection of Polish non- @entity114 -susceptible pneumococcal strains. Since the latter clusters did not match any of the 133 RFEL types of non- @entity114 -susceptible pneumococci collected in 15 other countries, their Polish clonal origin is most likely.

title: Multidrug-resistant XXXX in Poland: identification of emerging clones.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin', 'penicillin']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity788 is one of the @entity5 , ranking fourth among @entity5 . Despite all the major molecular advances and treatment breakthroughs, mainly targeted therapies, the cornerstone treatment of metastatic @entity788 (mPC) remains cytotoxic chemotherapy. In 2016, more than 40 years after the introduction of @entity136 in the management of mPC, the best choice for first-line treatment has not yet been fully elucidated. Two main strategies have been adopted to enhance treatment efficacy. The first strategy is based on combining non-cross resistant drugs, while the second option includes the development of newer generations of chemotherapy. More recently, two new regimens, FOLFIRINOX and @entity136 /nab- @entity1311 (GNP), have both been shown to improve overall survival in comparison with @entity136 alone, at the cost of increased @entity137 . Therefore, the best choice for first line therapy is a matter of debate. For some authors, FOLFIRINOX should be the first choice in @entity1 with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score (0-1) given its lower hazard ratio. However, others do not share this opinion. In this paper, we review the main comparison points between FOLFIRINOX and GNP. We analyze the two pivotal trials to determine the similarities and differences in study design. In addition, we compare the @entity137 profile of the two regimens as well as the impact on quality of life. Finally, we present studies revealing real life experiences and review the advantages and disadvantages of possible second-line therapies including their cost effectiveness.

title: Dilemma of first line regimens in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['deadliest cancers', 'cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) can be subdivided by HPV status into two clinicopathological entities. Studies on the prognostic significance of HPV in @entity957 are discordant. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) in 217 @entity1 with @entity957 . Cases were extracted from an era of more aggressive en bloc radical dissections (1985-1995) and more localized radical surgery through separate vulvar and groin excisions (1996-2005). @entity986 immunohistochemistry was used as a surrogate for HPV status. RESULTS: HPV status could be determined in 197 @entity5 ; 118 HPV-independent, 79 HPV-associated. @entity1 with @entity5 were younger (mean 58.8 vs. 71.6 years for @entity5 , p<0.0001) and more likely to have prior abnormal cervical cytology (41.1% vs. 5.6% for @entity5 , p<0.0001). In univariable analysis, @entity1 with @entity5 had superior PFS (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.70), @entity66 (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08-0.41) and @entity1349 (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21-0.59). This was driven by worse outcomes (PFS, @entity66 and @entity1349 ) for @entity1 with @entity5 compared with @entity5 who underwent surgery after 1995. After adjusting for age and stage in multivariable analysis, @entity1 with @entity5 showed superior PFS (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07-0.77) and @entity66 (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.04-0.78). CONCLUSIONS: @entity957 can be stratified into two prognostically different diseases based on @entity986 immunostaining. HPV status was only associated with prognosis in the cohort that underwent surgery after 1995, suggesting more conservative surgery may have led to worse outcomes for @entity1 with @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: HPV-independent @entity957 has a worse prognosis than XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-associate tumours', 'HPV-associated tumours', 'tumours', 'HPV-independent tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['VSCC', 'Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['HPV-associated disease']


abstract: So now it may be seen what is meant by the term "The @entity1442 Difference". The American orthodontic specialty has for the most part been slow, or even in isolated pockets, willfully resistant to expansion of orthodontic technique up out of the "Procrustean bed" of fixed appliance limitations to the panorama of attacking the teeth-bone-muscle triangle of malocclusion with separate techniques and appliance systems designed specifically for each. What makes this anathema to those of a broader view is that it is only with those expanded, combined fixed AND functional techniques, that one has any chance at all of rendering anything close to significantly successful treatment of major @entity158 chronic @entity158 problems. And that is serious stuff. So, if you want to do "ortho" you had better know " @entity1348 ". And, if you want to do " @entity1348 ", at least @entity1348 to any meaningful degree, you had better know "ortho", and that means the discipline of functional orthodontics (or "maxillofacial orthopedics" if you will). The "why" of it is easily understandable once one truly understands the orthopedic (condylar displacement), myofunctional (Class II neuromuscular sling), and neurological (chronic repetitive compression nerve damage) aspects of the common functionally induced @entity1348 problem. The "how" of it all is another matter. That is why knowledge of a broad variety of various specific orthodontic techniques is required for the clinician because there are a vast variety of malocclusive situations with their own unique demands. But in the broadest sense, since a major portion of the orthodontic @entity1 population suffers from somewhat of a skeletal Class II relationship, or "Class II effect" with respect to the joint, somewhere in the proposed treatment plan for these @entity1 the clinician will have to consider some form of @entity1442 , whatever that series may be. But it is that @entity1442 difference that sets that clinician and his or her specific treatment plan apart from the older, more restricted ways. It is a difference we must pay attention to, for Nature surely will.

title: The @entity1442 ( XXXX ) difference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular advancement series', 'MAS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ-pain-headache-dysfunction', 'pain']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['mandibular advancement series']


abstract: @entity7863 ( @entity7863 ) is primarily caused by mutations in the nonreceptor protein @entity4149 phosphatase @entity56219 and associated with @entity299 in the form of @entity849 and @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). Our goal was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying the development of @entity1121 caused by the @entity64005 mutation in @entity56219 . @entity7863 @entity1 carrying this mutation suffer from a particularly severe form of @entity1121 . Drawing parallels to other, more common forms of @entity1121 , we hypothesized that altered @entity141 homeostasis and/or sarcomeric mechanical properties play key roles in the pathomechanism. We used @entity19 with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of @entity64005 - @entity56219 starting before birth. @entity19 develop neonatal onset @entity1121 with increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening at 4-6 wk of age. To assess @entity141 handling, isolated cardiomyocytes were loaded with @entity20048 . @entity64005 - @entity56219 expression increased @entity141 transient amplitudes during excitation-contraction coupling and increased sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 content concurrent with increased expression of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPase. In skinned cardiomyocyte preparations from @entity64005 - @entity56219 @entity19 , force-velocity relationships and power-load curves were shifted upward. The peak power-generating capacity was increased approximately twofold. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the relative intracellular area occupied by sarcomeres was increased in @entity64005 - @entity56219 cardiomyocytes. @entity6000 -based myofiber purification showed that @entity64005 - @entity56219 increased the amount of sarcomeric proteins assembled into myofibers. In summary, @entity64005 - @entity56219 expression leads to enhanced contractile performance early in disease progression by augmenting intracellular @entity141 cycling and increasing the number of power-generating sarcomeres. This gives important new insights into the cellular pathomechanisms of @entity64005 - @entity56219 -associated @entity1121 .

title: Elevated XXXX transients and increased myofibrillar power generation cause @entity299 in a model of @entity7863 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7863 :: ('MESH:D044542', 'Disease') :: ['Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines', 'NSML']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Remote @entity63 has been convincingly shown to render the myocardium resistant to a subsequent more severe sustained episode of @entity63 . Compared to other organs, little is known regarding the effect of transient @entity409 . We proposed the existence cardioprotection induced by remote liver conditioning. Male @entity35 were divided into sham-operated, control(CON, no further hepatic intervention) and remote @entity409 groups. For @entity409 , three cycles of 5min of liver @entity63 /reperfusion stimuli were conducted prior to-(liver preconditioning), post- @entity741 (liver postconditioning), or in combination of both (liver preconditioning+liver postconditioning). @entity35 were exposed to a 45min of left anterior descending @entity1563 followed by 3h of reperfusion thereafter.ECG and hemodynamics were measured throughout the experiment. The coronary artery was re-occluded at the end of reperfusion for @entity1188 size determination. Blood samples were taken for serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and @entity908 kinase-MB (CK-MB) test. Heart tissues were taken for apoptosis measurements and western blotting. Our data demonstrate that liver @entity63 preconditioning, postconditioning, or a combination of both, offered strong cardioprotection, as evidenced by reduction in @entity1188 size and @entity299 , recovery of cardiac function, and inhibition of apoptosis after @entity63 /reperfusion. Moreover, @entity409 increased cardiac (not hepatic)glycogen synthase kinase-3b ( @entity9096 ) phosphorylation. Accordingly, inhibition of @entity9096 mimicked the cardioprotective action of liver conditioning. These results support that remote @entity409 protected the heart against @entity63 and reperfusion injury via @entity9096 -dependent cell-survival signaling pathway.

title: Involvement of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3b in Liver Ischemic Conditioning Induced Cardioprotection against @entity741 and Reperfusion Injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic conditioning', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver ischemic conditioning']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'Rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: We sought to determine the pattern of @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity2360 ( @entity2360 ) with different type and degree of @entity16 , and to interpret the findings in relation to the underlying pathology. A total of 67 @entity2360 @entity1 were examined with a neuropsychological test battery assessing different aspects of cognitive processing. The @entity1 were subdivided into three groups: neurologically asymptomatic, neurological with pure @entity21 , and neurological with more extensive pathology. The results were compared with 50 matched healthy controls. @entity1 with a neurological form of @entity2360 showed a mild but definitive impairment in all cognitive functions. In contrast, the neurologically asymptomatic @entity1 showed no deficits when compared with normal controls. Multifocal pathology was associated with more severe @entity73 than selective @entity21 but did not contribute significantly to @entity2414 . A range of cognitive functions, including frontal-executive ability, aspects of memory and visuospatial processing, are affected in the neurologically symptomatic @entity2360 @entity1 . In contrast, no subliminal deficits were observed in the asymptomatic @entity1 . The lesions of the basal ganglia seem to be of central importance in explaining the symptomatology.

title: Cognitive functioning in neurologically symptomatic and asymptomatic forms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological involvement']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease", 'WD']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia lesions']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson's disease']


abstract: Normal thymic architecture is essential for the proper development of T-lymphocytes. Immature T-cell progenitors enter the thymus where through interactions with cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells (TECs) they undergo positive and negative selection and become competent cells that do not react with self-antigens. This process requires normal thymic architecture, expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, and normal expression of the @entity11115 ( @entity11115 ) gene. @entity704 are rare neoplasms of the TECs that often generate lymphocytes that mature into @entity404 + and @entity405 + T-lymphocytes. However, @entity4670 have been described in @entity704 that may affect normal T-cell development: the @entity5 architecture is distorted, neoplastics expresses less MHC class II, most @entity704 do not express @entity11115 , and production of T-regulator cells is decreased. @entity704 are associated with a variety of @entity792 often linked to T-cell-mediated autoimmunity. @entity1737 , the most common @entity792 associated with @entity704 @entity1 , is present in 30% of @entity1 with @entity704 . Several theories attempt to explain the association of @entity1200 with @entity704 . These different theories are based on failure of positive and negative selection of T-lymphocytes and on autoimmunizing mechanisms in an @entity11115 -poor environment in the thymus. The finding that immunosurveillance against @entity5 may be impaired before the diagnosis of @entity704 may challenge current theories and suggest a more complex defect in T-lymphocyte maturation. It is likely that a combination of mechanisms is responsible for @entity1200 in @entity1 with @entity704 . More investigation is needed to clarify the basic mechanisms responsible for @entity1200 in @entity1 with @entity704 .

title: Alterations of the immune system in thymic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['several abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['Thymomas', 'thymoma', 'thymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['Myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disorders']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity11115 :: ('326', 'Gene') :: ['AIRE', 'autoimmune regulator']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adequate application of guidelines concerning @entity63 ( @entity63 ) could avoid inappropriate invasive testing in @entity341 situations. Hardly any data exists regarding frequency and appropriateness of diagnostic @entity301 ( @entity301 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion and predictors of @entity1 without @entity63 prior to elective purely diagnostic @entity301 without therapeutic intervention. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of insurance claims data from 2012 and 2013. @entity1 <18 years, acute @entity299 and emergency procedures and @entity1 insured in a managed care model were excluded from analysis. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity63 procedures (stress-ECG, transthoracic echocardiography, stress echocardiography, scintigraphy, computer tomography, heart MRI) undertaken within two months before diagnostic @entity301 was assessed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate independent determinants for receiving @entity63 . FINDINGS: 2714 @entity1 were included for analysis. 37.5% (1018) did not receive any @entity63 before @entity301 . When high risk @entity1 ( @entity1 having received therapeutic cardiac intervention within one month after or 18 months prior to diagnostic @entity301 , n = 766) were excluded 34.3% (669) did not receive @entity63 before @entity301 . High risk status as well as >6 chronic comorbidities were independently associated with a lower proportion of @entity63 (p<0.0001, OR 0.607 and p = 0.0041, OR 0.648), when additionally controlled for age, sex, language area, insurance coverage, inpatient treatment, cardiovascular medication and lower number of chronic comorbidities. Age (p<0.05, OR 1.009) and intake of oral antiplatelet therapy (p<0.0001, OR 1.914) were independently associated with a higher proportion of @entity63 when controlled for the mentioned cofactors. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that despite the existence of guidelines a substantial overuse of a potentially harmful and inappropriate diagnostic intervention is performed suggesting the need for improvement of diagnostic pathways prior to invasive testing.

title: Appropriateness of diagnostic @entity301 as a measure of XXXX testing in @entity341 @entity1 - a retrospective cross-sectional analysis.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'coronary angiography']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['non-invasive ischemia testing', 'NIIT']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['non-emergency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Selvester QRS score is an electrocardiographic tool designed to quantify @entity296 . It was updated in 2009 to expand its usefulness in @entity1 with @entity616 such as bundle-branch and @entity714 . There is need to further validate the updated score in a broader group of @entity1 with @entity65 and @entity616 . We primarily hypothesized that the updated score could distinguish between presence and absence of scar by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with late @entity2287 enhancement in 4 groups of @entity1 with distinct conduction abnormalitites. METHODS: A total of 193 @entity1 were retrospectively identified that had received an electrocardiogram (ECG) and a CMR scan at Duke University Medical Center between January 2011 and August 2013: 62 with @entity714 , 51 with right @entity5036 (RBBB), 43 with @entity714 ( @entity714 ), and 37 with RBBB + @entity714 . Scar sizes estimated by ECG and by CMR were compared using scatterplots, modified Bland-Altman plots, and receiver operating characteristics curves. RESULTS: Of 193 @entity1 , 96 (50%) had no scar by CMR. The QRS score generally overestimated CMR scar. The area under the curve ranged between 0.62 and 0.65 for the different conduction types, and 95% confidence intervals included 0.5 for all conduction types. Performance was slightly improved in @entity714 and RBBB + @entity714 by excluding all points derived from leads V4-V6. CONCLUSIONS: The Selvester QRS score for use in @entity616 needs to be improved, primarily its specificity, to enable effective clinical use in a population with a wide range of left ventricular ejection fraction and low pretest probability of @entity296 .

title: Evaluation of Selvester QRS score for use in presence of XXXX in a broad population.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scar']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['fascicular blocks', 'left bundle-branch block', 'LAFB', 'left anterior fascicular block']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['conduction abnormalities']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['conduction abnormalities']


abstract: A single retroviral protein, termed @entity26035 , is sufficient for assembly of retrovirus-like particles in @entity1 cells. @entity26035 normally selects the genomic RNA of the virus with high specificity; the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of @entity26035 plays a crucial role in this selection process. However, encapsidation of the viral RNA is completely unnecessary for particle assembly. We previously showed that mutant @entity19 @entity1778 virus (MuLV) particles that lack viral RNA because of a deletion in the cis-acting packaging signal ("Psi") in the genomic RNA compensate for the loss of the viral RNA by incorporating cellular mRNA. The RNA in wild-type and Psi- particles was also found to be necessary for virion core structure. In the present work, we explored the role of RNA in MuLV particles that lack genomic RNA because of mutations in the NC domain of @entity26035 . Using a fluorescent dye assay, we observed that NC mutant particles contain the same amount of RNA that wild-type virions do. Surprisingly enough, these particles contained large amounts of rRNAs. Furthermore, ribosomal proteins were detected by immunoblotting, and ribosomes were observed inside the particles by electron microscopy. The biological significance of the presence of ribosomes in NC mutant particles lacking genomic RNA is discussed.

title: XXXX @entity1778 virus nucleocapsid mutant particles lacking viral RNA encapsidate ribosomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate right iliac vein and left @entity1228 in asymptomatic subjects, right-sided and left-sided iliofemoral @entity1150 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of records and computed tomography images was conducted in 200 asymptomatic subjects (male:female, 100:100). A prospective analysis was conducted in 79 consecutive @entity1150 @entity1 (left:right @entity1150 , 47:32) who had undergone contrast-enhanced computed tomography examination. The minor diameter and percentage compression of the iliac vein were evaluated. RESULTS: In asymptomatic subjects, 13.5% had right @entity1228 >50%, 2.0% had right @entity1228 >70%, mean compression was 23.48%; 45.0% had left @entity1228 >50% and 17.0% had left @entity1228 >70%, mean compression was 47.58%. Right iliac vein sandwiched between the right external iliac artery and the right internal iliac artery was the most common compression pattern (59.26%). Males had higher right @entity1228 than the females (male:female, 26.29%:20.68%, P   <   0.001). Mean percentage compression of the right iliac vein was higher in right @entity1150 @entity1 than in left @entity1150 @entity1 (right:left @entity1150 , 48.54%:22.29%, P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Similar to left @entity1228 , right @entity1228 was a frequent imaging finding in CT and represented a normal anatomic pattern. Right @entity1150 @entity1 had more serious right @entity1228 than left @entity1150 @entity1 , and further research is required on the association of right @entity1228 with right iliofemoral @entity1150 .

title: Compression of the right iliac vein in asymptomatic subjects and @entity1 with iliofemoral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['iliac vein compression']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver biopsies detect silent donor disease in potential living liver donors and provide material for studies of subclinical @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). Our primary goal was to determine the contribution of biopsy findings to potential donor evaluation. Factors contributing to pre-clinical @entity1561 and correlations between @entity99 tests and histopathology have been also determined. METHODS: @entity1 records, laboratory tests and results of the histopathologic examination and diagnoses of 284 @entity1 from 2001 to 2005 were retrospectively extracted from the EDIT database. Hepatic histology was correlated with @entity99 tests and with general demographic characteristics in an otherwise normal healthy population. RESULTS: A minority (n=119; 42%) of biopsies from this population of 143 males/141 females (average age=36.8years; mean BMI=26.6) were completely normal. The remainder showed @entity1560 (n=107; 37%), @entity1560 (n=44; 15%), or unexplained low-grade/early stage @entity3619 , @entity2835 , or nodular regenerative @entity1373 (n=16; 6%). Biopsy findings disqualified 29/56 donors. Independent risk factors for @entity1561 by multivariate modeling, which differed by sex, included: BMI (p=0.0001), age (p=0.003), @entity68 (p=0.01), and ALT (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Liver biopsies provide valuable information about otherwise undetectable liver disease in potential liver donors. Obesity, age and @entity68 , which are influenced by sex, contribute to @entity1561 pathogenesis. Blood tests other than standard liver profiles are needed to detect early @entity1561 .

title: Liver biopsy findings from healthy potential living liver donors: reasons for disqualification, silent diseases and correlation with XXXX tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: Chronic @entity29 is included into @entity792 , which is proved by presence of inflammatory lesions, circulating autoantibodies and the deposits of immune complexes in tissues. @entity66 (classic and atypical form), @entity30 and @entity31 are considered as chronic @entity792 . The auto-antibodies can be detected with indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA and immunoblotting methods. In @entity66 the autoantibodies against endomysium ( @entity8265 ) and antibodies against gliadin are found in @entity1 's sera. The auto-antibody detecting is helpful in establishing diagnosis, controlling gluten-free diet effectiveness and during gluten challenge. In @entity30 and @entity31 immunological laboratory tests are helpful to confirm the clinical diagnosis. The following auto-antibodies are tested: against cytoplasm of exocrinal pancreatic cells, and products of these cells, against the neutrophile cytoplasm and against goblet cells. The antibodies against @entity375 are also investigated. The clinical relevance of above autoantibodies is not clear, but it is suggested that their presence correlates with exacerbations and severe clinical outcome. In the present study the pictures of autoantibodies from fluorescent microscope were shown.

title: [Immunologic methods in diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune bowel diseases', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3541 is a common @entity2122 that is responsible for significant @entity73 . Free muscle transfer in 2 stages and latissimus dorsi transfer in one stage may be the most effective surgical procedure for achieving a symmetrical spontaneous @entity408 for a @entity1 with complete @entity3541 . However, these 2 procedures are unsuitable for many incomplete @entity1 . The authors introduce a less invasive procedure, termed mini-temporalis transposition that is able to achieve a symmetrical spontaneous @entity408 in incomplete @entity1 . Through a zigzag incision into the temporal region, the middle third of the temporalis is transferred and elongated with the palmaris longus tendon or combined with the deep temporal fascia. The strips are anchored to key points at the modiolus and the middle of the ipsilateral orbicularis oris muscle through a small intraoral incision and subcutaneous tunnel. The key points are marked during preoperative @entity408 analysis. This procedure was applied to 15 @entity1 with long-standing incomplete @entity3541 . All @entity1 obtained improvements in @entity408 symmetry after the operation, and @entity1 ' satisfaction was high. In addition, no @entity16 or development of procedure-induced complications (such as a facial @entity154 , lip eversion or puckering, or skin tethering) was observed in any of the @entity1 . Nevertheless, slight temporal hollowing was observed in 4 @entity1 , and mild bulkiness over the zygomatic arch was a common observation. In summary, the mini-temporalis transfer technique is a safe and effective method of @entity408 restoration for long-standing incomplete @entity3541 .

title: Mini-Temporalis Transposition: A Less Invasive Procedure of XXXX Restoration for Long-Standing Incomplete @entity3541 .

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial deformity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['contour defect']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to residual facial nerve functions']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'Facial paralysis']

answer: @entity408 :: (160418,Gene) :: ['Smile']


abstract: @entity28011 , also known as @entity28011 , is a @entity395 characterized by multiple vertebral and @entity154 at birth. The association of occult spinal @entity75 with this entity is rare. Two @entity1 with @entity28011 and occult spinal @entity75 , one with type I split @entity602 and another with spinal dermal sinus are being reported. A 7-month-old female @entity1 who was operated at birth for imperforate anus was noted to have a dimple at the low back with altered skin color around the dimple. Examination revealed the right lower extremity was slightly thinner than the left. Plain radiographs showed features of @entity28011 with @entity1635 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a type I split @entity602 at the lumbosacral junction with low-lying conus and terminal @entity1644 . @entity1 underwent excision of the @entity5040 uneventfully. A 14-month-old male @entity1 was noted to have a small swelling in the low back along with @entity85 lower chest since birth. Plain radiographs revealed features of @entity28011 . MRI showed a spinal dermal sinus at the lumbosacral junction with a low-lying conus. The @entity1 underwent excision of the spinal dermal sinus and untethering of the cord uneventfully. Although rare, @entity28011 can be associated with occult spinal @entity602 or spinal dermal sinus. Physicians should be aware about the possibility of @entity1 with @entity28011 harboring occult spinal @entity75 so that these @entity1 receive appropriate treatment.

title: @entity28011 ( XXXX ) associated with occult spinal dysraphism: Report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['rib anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysraphic lesions']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord malformation', 'dysraphic lesions like type I split cord malformations']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity28011 :: ('MESH:C537565', 'Disease') :: ['spondylocostal dysostosis', 'Jarcho-Levine syndrome', 'Spondylocostal dysostosis']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of the right']

answer: @entity28011 :: (MESH:C537565,Disease) :: ['Jarcho-Levine syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: A group of 147 @entity1 with @entity3330 treated with the use of the proximal femoral nail, manufactured by the Synthes company, in the period between October 1997 and June 2001 were retrospectively evaluated. MATERIAL: The group of 147 @entity1 whose average age was 69 years consisted of 59 @entity1 (average age, 59 years) and 88 @entity1 (average age, 75 years). The most frequent @entity174 occurring in 54% of the @entity1 was an unstable pertrochanteric @entity174 (Kyle III); persubtrochanteric and subtrochanteric @entity174 were treated in 27% and 19% of the @entity1 , respectively. METHODS: In 1997, a new implant, the proximal femoral nail manufactured by the Synthes company (PFN), was introduced in the Czech Republic. In addition to all advantages of a nail to be implanted intramedullary, it has several other favorable characteristics: its length is 240 mm, pre-drillings is not necessary, it can be dynamically locked, it has a high rotation stability, and mechanical stress concentration on the implant-bone interface is low. This evaluation is based on the type of @entity174 , the duration of healing, the duration of surgery and X-ray exposure. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up at 6 months, 3, 6 and 12 months, and once a year. The @entity174 healed in the anatomical position by 6 months in 95% of them. The average operative time was 56 min and X-ray exposure lasted on average 1 min. We recorded 14 intra-operative complications in nine @entity1 , which included @entity353 in four cases, fixation in distraction in two, incorrect length of screws in one, @entity174 at the site of distal locking in two and incorrect insertion of femoral neck screws in five cases. Early post-operative complication involved seven cases of @entity1410 in the operation wound with the necessity to re-operate in five cases. Late complications occurred in two @entity1 and included @entity1516 and @entity39 of the femoral head after healing. Most of the complications were found in subtrochanteric @entity174 . DISCUSSION: The treatment of unstable @entity174 of the proximal femur is still associated with some failures. The reasons are: disregard for biomechanics, overestimation of the potentials of new surgical techniques or new implants or poor adherence to established procedures. PFN is a novel, modern implant based on experience with the gamma nail. Since relevant literature data are very few, any comparison of our results is very difficult. The lower average age of our group was due to the intentional selection of our @entity1 for this type of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: PFN is an excellent implant for the treatment of unstable @entity174 of the proximal femur. The terms of successful outcome include a good understanding of @entity174 biomechanics, correct indication and exactly performed osteosynthesis.

title: [Osteosynthesis of XXXX using short proximal femoral nails].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete reduction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['proximal femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['proximal femoral fractures']


abstract: Sustained release implants (SRI) containing 10% @entity3014 (BP) were placed endobronchially into outbred and syngeneic (F1D) hamsters. Randomly selected OB and F1D hamsters also received @entity2591 ( @entity25847 ), 5 mg/kg i.p., twice weekly until death ( @entity25847 -CONT); two more groups of F1D hamsters were given the same @entity25847 dose either for the first 75 days of SRI implantation ( @entity25847 -EARLY) or from 80 days after SRI placement until death ( @entity25847 -LATE). OB Hamsters were sacrificed at regular intervals from 62 to 189 days of SRI exposure. F1D Hamsters were sacrificed in groups after 120, 150, 180, and 220 days of SRI exposure. The bronchial mucosa at the SRI site was examined cytologically and histologically, as were the @entity5 that developed. Mean quantitative total cellular DNA values (QDNA) were measured by image analysis. For both varieties of hamster given @entity25847 , QDNA values were higher in early @entity105 ( @entity105 ) and lower in the late stage of @entity105 than in hamsters that did not get @entity25847 (P less than 0.001). QDNA values were lower in epidermoid than in non- @entity5 (P less than 0.001); for both types of @entity5 , QDNA was lower in @entity25847 -treated hamsters (P less than 0.01). @entity5 induced under the influence of @entity25847 included more @entity5 (P less than 0.01) and were of a higher degree of differentiation (P less than 0.01) than those induced by BP alone, especially when @entity25847 was given early in @entity105 . There was no consistent relationship between QDNA and degree of differentiation in @entity5 . These differential effects of @entity25847 given early during @entity105 suggest that 1) for epidermoid bronchial @entity105 , some of the molecular alterations involved in hyperploidy and in differentiation occur early in the sequential progression of @entity105 ; and 2) for both epidermoid and non-epidermoid bronchial @entity105 , the necessary changes must occur in a fixed sequence instead of as random events, until all needed changes have occurred.

title: Quantitative DNA alterations during @entity2591 -induced differential modulation of @entity3014 XXXX in hamster bronchi.

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['5-azacytidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancers', 'epidermoid cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'CG']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity409 has been postulated to play a central role in the development of @entity1283 , likely due to reduced @entity842 (NO) bioavailability. We tested the hypothesis that increased endothelial NO production, mediated by increased @entity8561 transport, could attenuate pressure @entity1284 induced @entity1283 . Echocardiography and blood pressure measurements were performed 15 weeks after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in @entity7097 @entity19 ( @entity7097 ; n = 12) and in @entity19 with endothelial-specific overexpression of the @entity8561 transporter, @entity53130 , (CAT+; n = 12). TAC induced greater increases in heart weight to body weight ratio in @entity7097 (by 47%) than CAT+ @entity19 (by 25%) compared to respective controls (P  <= 0.05). Similarly, the increase LV wall thickness induced by TAC was significantly attenuated in CAT+ @entity19 (P = 0.05). Cardiac collagen type I mRNA expression was greater in @entity7097 @entity19 with TAC (by 22%; P = 0.03), but not CAT+ @entity19 with TAC, compared to respective controls. TAC also induced lesser increases in @entity8384 mRNA expression in CAT+ @entity19 compared to @entity7097 (P  <= 0.05). Left ventricular systolic pressure after TAC was 36 and 39% greater in @entity7097 and CAT+ @entity19 respectively, compared to respective controls (P  <= 0.001). TAC had little effect on left ventricular end diastolic pressure in both genotypes. Taken together, these data indicate that augmenting endothelial function by overexpression of @entity8561 transport can attenuate pressure @entity1284 induced @entity1283 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Augmented endothelial XXXX transport ameliorates pressure @entity1284 induced @entity1283 .

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity8561 :: (D001120,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1495 and its tissue inhibitor @entity2843 have been documented as putative @entity5 markers because of their involvement in @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to elucidate the diagnostic efficacy of proteolytic activity markers among traditional @entity5 markers (CEA and @entity2355 ) and clinicopathological variables. METHODS: Serum samples were withdrawn from 160 individuals (80 @entity1 with primary @entity0 , 40 @entity1 with benign breast lesions and 40 individuals serve as healthy controls). @entity1495 and @entity2843 were measured by ELISA and gelatin zymography. RESULTS: The best cutoff points for @entity1495 and @entity2843 were depicted by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The positivity rates and the median levels for @entity1495 and @entity2843 showed significant difference among the three investigated groups (P< 0.0001). @entity1495 and @entity1495 / @entity2843 were inversely related to clinical stage and lymph node involvement (P< 0.0001). @entity2843 was significantly correlated with hormonal receptor status (ER, and @entity7273 ). MMP zymography results were comparable to those from ELISA. The sensitivity and the specificity of @entity1495 , @entity2843 and @entity1495 / @entity2843 were superior to traditional @entity5 markers (CEA and @entity2355 ) especially for early stages (T1) and low grade @entity0 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that investigated biomarkers are constructive for early diagnosis of @entity0 and @entity1495 / @entity2843 ratio might be a new significant marker in predicting @entity0 development.

title: Clinical implications of proteolytic activity imbalance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'Matrix metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer diagnosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Memory can be deleteriously affected by @entity5 treatment. It is important to quantify these effects, to assess the effectiveness of interventions to ameliorate them, and to monitor changes in @entity5 @entity1 ' memories over time. However, brief and reliable screening measures of @entity5 treatment-related @entity2414 are lacking. We report on the latent structure and reliability analysis of a brief @entity1 self-reported @entity5 problem screening measure (SRMP). METHODS: @entity1 (N=781) included in this analysis were part of a larger study on @entity5 . @entity1 completed the Fatigue Symptom Checklist (FSCL) at four time points. Five items from the FSCL that assess @entity2414 were aggregated into the SRMP. Suitability of the data for latent structure analysis was determined using the various criteria: Kaiser-Myer-Olkin, Bartlett's Test of sphericity, Kaiser's simplest criterion test of eigenvalue (  ) >1, and the presence of item-correlation coefficients of r >=  0.30. Principal components analysis (PCA) and Cronbach coefficient alphas (as) were calculated to determined validity and internal consistency of the SRMP. RESULTS: Reliability assessment of the SRMP revealed high internal consistency of the SRMP as indicated by a = 0.90. The PCA revealed a one-dimensional measure with a single component with    > 1 that explained 71% of the variance. The KMO value was .87, and the Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was significant (p < 0.001). Subsequent reliability assessments of the SRMP revealed as of 0.90 and above, all with one component explaining 71% to 73% of the variances. CONCLUSION: The results support the use of the SRMP as a one-dimensional brief screening measure of @entity5 treatment-related @entity2414 . The SRMP could be used as an initial indicator of underlying @entity2414 that may need further examination. Future studies need to establish the construct validity of the SRMP.

title: A Brief @entity1 Self-Report Screening Measure of Cancer Treatment-Related XXXX : Latent Structure and Reliability Analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related memory', 'cancer', 'cancer-related fatigue']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['Memory Problems']