abstract: Well-characterized large genomic clones obtained from @entity375 artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries provide the framework to localize genes and approach @entity74 . We developed universally applicable approaches to establish authenticity, localize and orient internal genes, map restriction sites, and rescue the distal ends of large @entity1 genomic DNA inserts. We selected @entity1 chromosome segment 18q21.3 as a model system. Molecular cloning of this segment was initiated by characterizing three @entity10933 ( @entity10933 ) clones [290, 180, and 60 kilobases (kb)] isolated from a YAC library. Comparison of YAC and @entity5999 genomic DNA clones confirmed the fidelity of the @entity10933 locus. Detailed rare cutting restriction maps were generated by ramped contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis. The @entity10933 locus was located and oriented within the YACs, which span a distance 70 kb 5' to 220 kb 3' of @entity10933 . Moreover, both left and right ends of the YAC genomic DNA inserts were rescued by amplifying circularized cloning sites with an inverted form of the polymerase chain reaction. These unique terminal genomic DNA fragments were used to rescreen the YAC library and isolate overlapping clones that extend the map. These approaches will enable neighboring loci to be definitively linked and establish the feasibility of using YAC technology to clone and map chromosomal segments.

title: Use of XXXX artificial chromosome clones for mapping and walking within @entity1 chromosome segment 18q21.3.

entities_list: @entity5999 :: ('10710', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage lambda']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity10933 :: ('5055', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-2', 'plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-agent @entity136 and @entity1206 have activity in treatment of @entity1 with soft-tissue @entity242 . The combination of @entity136 plus @entity1206 has activity against several forms of @entity189 with acceptable @entity137 . This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of @entity136 plus @entity1206 in advanced soft-tissue @entity242 . METHODS: A single academic center performed this phase II trial. Eligible @entity1 had unresectable or metastatic soft-tissue @entity242 , Eastern Cooperative Group performance status of 0-2, adequate organ function, and <or=1 prior regimen. @entity136 800 mg/m2 was given over 90 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle after administration of @entity1206 25 mg/m2. Dosing schedule was modified for @entity137 (doses constant but administered on Days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle). Dose reductions were allowed if unacceptable @entity137 recurred. RESULTS: The study accrued 40 @entity1 , and 248 dosing cycles were administered (range, 1-32). No treatment-related @entity204 occurred. Of 9 episodes of grade 4 @entity137 , 8 were hematologic. Of 38 episodes of grade 3 @entity137 , 24 were hematologic. Clinical benefit was seen in 25% of @entity1 and was defined as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or @entity66 ( @entity66 ) at >4 months. There has been 1 CR lasting >1 year in a @entity1 with high-grade pleomorphic spindle-cell @entity242 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 given by a fixed-dose rate of infusion combined with @entity1206 was associated with clinically meaningful rates of disease control in @entity1 with advanced soft-tissue @entity242 . @entity137 was acceptable. This study contributed to data that have supported the administration of fixed-dose rate @entity136 -based drug regimens in soft-tissue @entity242 .

title: @entity136 and XXXX combination chemotherapy for @entity1 with advanced soft tissue @entity242 : results of a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate systemic inflammatory markers as prognostic factors in @entity1 with @entity14 . METHODS: Among the @entity1 who underwent curative resection for @entity14 at Seoul National University Hospital between 2002 and 2010, 1,035 who were classified as postoperative pathologic stage IIA (T3N0M0) were included. Systemic inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and serum @entity2002 level, were retrospectively reviewed. The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the cut-off values of the systemic inflammatory markers after receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Survival analysis was performed to identify factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, @entity5 location, number of harvested lymph nodes, @entity3 , perineural invasion, adjuvant treatment and PNI (HR   =   1.534, 95%CI: 1.065-2.211, P   =   0.022; HR   =   1.915, 95%CI: 1.286-2.852, P   =   0.001 for DFS and @entity1349 , respectively) were independent significant prognostic factors for both DFS and @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: PNI can be a prognostic marker in @entity14 . J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:216-221.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Systemic inflammatory markers as prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['stage IIA colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['venous invasion']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['stage IIA colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity1397 ( @entity1397 ) is a selective inhibitor of @entity857 -induced @entity1423 . In @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) [unstable @entity951 or non-ST-segment elevation @entity583 ], @entity1397 plus @entity117 ( @entity117 ) for up to 1 year significantly reduced the risk of @entity65 relative to placebo plus @entity117 in the well designed clinical trial CURE ( @entity1397 in @entity1459 to prevent Recurrent Events) and its substudy in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) [PCI-CURE]. In pharmacoeconomic evaluations based on data from these trials conducted in a number of countries that used a variety of models, methods and/or type of costs, @entity1397 plus @entity117 was consistently predicted to be cost effective relative to @entity117 alone in the management of @entity1 with @entity1187 , including those undergoing PCI. @entity1397 plus @entity117 in @entity1 with @entity1187 reduced the incremental cost per cardiovascular event prevented and/or @entity1017 ( @entity1017 ) relative to @entity117 alone in analyses using within-trial data (including longer-term analyses incorporating life-expectancy estimates) from the CURE or PCI-CURE studies. In Markov models of cost effectiveness with a lifetime horizon from a healthcare payer perspective based on the CURE trial, relative to @entity117 alone, @entity1397 plus @entity117 for 1 year was predicted to have incremental costs per @entity1017 of 8132 @entity7634 in Spain (2003 values) and 1365 @entity7634 in Sweden (2000 values). In similar Swedish analyses from a healthcare payer perspective, @entity1397 plus @entity117 for 1 year was predicted to have incremental costs per @entity1017 of 10,993 @entity7634 (2004 values) relative to @entity117 alone based on data from the PCI-CURE substudy. Broadly similar results have also been reported in modelled analyses from other countries. Cost-utility analyses based on the CURE trial suggest that, relative to lifelong @entity117 alone, @entity1397 plus @entity117 for 1 year followed by @entity117 alone is associated with incremental costs per QALY gained that are below the traditional threshold of cost utility in Spain, the UK and the US. In @entity1 with @entity1187 , including those undergoing PCI, the addition of @entity1397 to standard therapy with @entity117 is clinically effective in preventing @entity65 . Available pharmacoeconomic data from several countries, despite some inherent limitations, support the use of @entity1397 plus @entity117 for up to 1 year as a cost-effective treatment relative to @entity117 alone in this @entity1 population.

title: @entity1397 : a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in @entity1 with non-ST elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel', 'Plavix']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['LYG', 'life-year gained']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: We discuss the estimation of the correlation dimension of @entity346 ( @entity346 ), a @entity1319 . Parameters of the time-delay reconstruction of the attractor are investigated, including the number of data points, the time delay, the window duration, and the duration of the signal being analyzed. Adequate values are recommended. Digital low-pass filtering causes the dimension to increase as the filter cutoff frequency decreases, in accord with a previously published prediction. The stationarity of the correlation dimension is examined; the dimension appears to decrease over the course of 120 s of continuous stimulation. Implications for the reliable estimation of the dimension are considered. Several surrogate data sets are constructed, based on both early (0-30 s) and late (100-130 s) @entity346 segments. Most of the surrogate data sets randomize some aspect of the original @entity346 , while maintaining other aspects. Dimensions are found for all surrogates and for the original @entity346 . Evidence is found that is consistent with some amount of deterministic and nonlinear dynamics in @entity346 . When this structure is randomized in the surrogate, the dimension changes or the dimension algorithm ceases to converge to a finite value. Implications for further analysis and modeling of @entity346 are discussed.

title: On the correlation dimension of XXXX : computational parameters, filtering, nonstationarity, and surrogate data.

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['OKN', 'optokinetic nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['type of reflexive eye movement']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['optokinetic nystagmus eye movements']


abstract: Cell proliferation and cell @entity204 pathways meet at a pivotal crossroad, crucial to maintain normal homeostasis and to eliminate dangerous cells before they start dividing. Survivin ( @entity6355 ) is an intriguing and fascinating protein at this crossroad that interfaces life and @entity204 , through its dual role in facilitating cell division and encountering apoptosis. @entity6355 's prominent expression in essentially all @entity1 @entity5 , and low or no expression in most normal tissues, suggests that it would be an ideal target for @entity5 -directed therapy. However, @entity6355 has been recently described as a target for fine tuning by alternative splicing mechanism generating five defined splice variants and a number of other uncharacterized/bizarre isoforms. This diversity indicates that @entity6355 , in addition to its known functions in tumorgenesis, angiogenesis and @entity65 , might be associated with other unknown functions. Intriguingly, new accumulating evidence from our own work and others, suggest a novel role for @entity6355 in the mechanisms of @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . The @entity6355 pathway has now provided tangible opportunities for targeted, rational @entity5 therapy. It is therefore an attractive and promising therapeutic target not only for @entity5 but also for other diseases. Although a number of studies utilizing @entity6355 as an anti- @entity5 strategy are well underway, further investigation into the exact molecular interactions underpinning its functions is critical for the success of such trials. Impeding development of safe and effective @entity6355 antagonists for clinical use is due to a lack of understanding the molecular mechanisms by which @entity6355 differentially affects apoptosis and cell division in both normal and malignant cells. In this report, in addition to reviewing the @entity6355 known functions, we discuss the newly proposed mechanisms by which @entity6355 might serve as a survival tool for invading @entity5 cells.

title: Survivin is not only a XXXX encounter but also a survival protein for invading @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity1 campylobacteriosis exhibits a distinctive seasonality in temperate regions. This paper aims to identify the origins of this seasonality. Clinical isolates [typed by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)] and epidemiological data were collected from Scotland. Young rural @entity1 were found to have an @entity66 in the late spring due to strains of non- @entity1573 origin (e.g. ruminant and wild bird strains from environmental sources). In contrast the adult population had an extended summer peak associated with @entity1573 strains. Travel abroad and UK mainland travel were associated with up to 17% and 18% of cases, respectively. International strains were associated with @entity1573 , had a higher diversity than indigenous strains and a different spectrum of MLST types representative of these countries. Integrating empirical epidemiology and molecular subtyping can successfully elucidate the seasonal components of @entity1 campylobacteriosis. The findings will enable public health officials to focus strategies to reduce the disease burden.

title: Identifying the seasonal origins of XXXX campylobacteriosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['increased burden of disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: LytA, the main autolysin of @entity328 , was the first member of the bacterial @entity40296 amidase (NAM-amidase) family of proteins to be well characterized. This autolysin degrades the peptidoglycan bonds of pneumococcal cell walls after anchoring to the @entity1877 residues of the cell wall teichoic acids via its @entity1877 -binding module (ChBM). The latter is composed of seven repeats (ChBRs) of approximately 20 @entity535 residues. The translation product of the lytA gene is the low-activity E-form of LytA (a monomer), which can be "converted" (activated) in vitro by @entity1877 into the fully active C-form at low temperature. The C-form is a homodimer with a boomerang-like shape. To study the structural requirements for the monomer-to-dimer modification and to clarify whether "conversion" is synonymous with dimerization, the biochemical consequences of replacing four key @entity535 residues of ChBR6 and ChBR7 (the repeats involved in dimer formation) were determined. The results obtained with a collection of 21 mutated NAM-amidases indicate that Ile-315 is a key @entity535 residue in both LytA activity and folding. @entity1522 with a marginal position in the solenoid structure of the ChBM were of minor influence in dimer stability; neither the size, polarity, nor aromatic nature of the replacement @entity1522 affected LytA activity. In contrast, truncated proteins were @entity73 in their activity and conversion capacity. The results indicate that dimerization and conversion are different processes, but they do not answer the questions of whether conversion can only be achieved after a dimer formation step.

title: Key role of XXXX residues in the dimerization and catalytic activation of the autolysin LytA, an important virulence factor in @entity328 .

entities_list: @entity40296 :: ('CHEBI:28920', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acids', 'amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['drastically impaired']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and female @entity250 (FSD) among perimenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity322 ( @entity322 ). METHODS: From 2005 to 2008, we enrolled 208 consecutive @entity1 affected by @entity322 ; all underwent a comprehensive history including two validated questionnaires, physical examination, and urodynamic evaluation. Based on BMI, @entity1 were grouped into normal weight, overweight, and @entity28 . RESULTS: A total of 158 @entity1 completed both questionnaires (76% response rate); 41 (26%) were normal weight, 73 (46%) were overweight, and 44 (28%) were @entity28 . The increasing Urogenital Distress Inventory score had a direct correlation with age (P < 0.01), year of menopause onset (P < 0.05), and BMI (P < 0.01). FSD was diagnosed in 97 @entity1 (61%): 31 (32%) with @entity458 , 20 (21%) with @entity458 , 7 (7%) with @entity458 , and 39 (40%) with @entity2531 . BMI greater than 30 kg/m was independently associated with an increased risk of FSD (odds ratio [OR], 2.02) and @entity322 (OR, 2.03). With adjustment for BMI, the OR for FSD was 1.22 for overweight @entity1 and 1.56 for @entity28 @entity1 , with respect to healthy @entity1 . The total Female Sexual Function Index score correlated with BMI (r = -0.82, P = 0.0001); in particular, arousal (r = -0.82), orgasm (r = -0.72), lubrication (r = -0.61), and satisfaction (r = -0.63, all P < 0.001) showed an inverse correlation with BMI, whereas desire and @entity158 did not. CONCLUSIONS: Increased BMI early in menopause represents a risk both for @entity322 and for @entity250 . Weight control has an essential role in postmenopause and should be considered early in perimenopause to safeguard female quality of life as well as to prevent or improve @entity322 and female @entity250 .

title: Body mass index, @entity322 , and female XXXX : how they affect female postmenopausal health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['orgasmic deficiency', 'hypoactive sexual desire', 'sexual arousal disorder']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['sexual pain disorder']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunction symptoms']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: The entire experience of in @entity2735 @entity0 in Alberta from 1953 to 1984 was examined. Of 243 @entity1 coded, 226 were available for review by a panel of three pathologists. In 149 cases the diagnosis of in @entity2735 disease was confirmed. One hundred and eight @entity1 had 109 @entity513 in @entity2735 , 38 @entity1 had @entity1137 in @entity2735 , with 3 @entity1 having both. A multitude of treatments was used, ranging from local excision to radical mastectomy. Survival at a mean of 6 years follow-up was equal in all groups, with only two @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity513 in @entity2735 dying from clinically suspected @entity262 . In @entity1 treated by local excision, @entity5 were seen in 12% of @entity513 in @entity2735 @entity1 who had local excision and 13% of @entity1 with @entity1137 in @entity2735 . Contralateral metachronous invasive @entity5 were seen in 6% of @entity513 in @entity2735 @entity1 and 3% of @entity1137 in @entity2735 @entity1 . No lymph node involvement was seen in any of these @entity1 , either with prophylactic dissection or in follow-up. The conclusion reached was that both in @entity2735 lesions are similar in their clinical course. Lymph node dissection is not necessary. Pathologic review is critical for accurate studies, with a change in diagnosis of 36% of diagnoses. Treatment does not appear to affect prognosis. The most appropriate treatment needs to be determined in prospective randomized trials.

title: Natural history of in @entity2735 XXXX in a defined population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinomas', 'lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral cancers', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas', 'ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity13687 and @entity2118 are rare dermal melanocytoses. @entity13687 may be very rarely associated with the @entity2118 and other extra cutaneous features. Both nevi are similar in all respect apart from the area of distribution. Bilateral distribution of @entity2118 is seldom reported in the literature. A 24-year-old male @entity1 reported with @entity13687 of the right side of his face since his infancy and @entity2118 on both shoulder regions since early childhood. He had bluish lesions on the right side of his hard palate. Systemic examination was normal. Relevant laboratory investigations were non contributory. The histopathological examination of the skin from the affected areas showed the presence of elongated dendritic dermal melanocytes. The present case is the first report of an association of bilateral @entity2118 with @entity13687 and @entity2419 . Tanino classified @entity13687 into four groups. As both the nevi are similar in all respect except the area of distribution, a minor modification of the existing Tanino's classification to incorporate the @entity2118 into the classification for the @entity13687 may be appropriate.

title: Unilateral @entity13687 with Bilateral Nevus of Ito and XXXX : A Case Report with a Proposed Clinical Modification of Tanino's Classification.

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatal lesions']

entities_list: @entity13687 :: ('MESH:D009507', 'Disease') :: ['nevus of Ota', "Ota's nevus", 'Nevus of Ota']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['nevus of Ito']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Palatal Lesion']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to document the range of appearances of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) on MRI. METHOD: The MR images of nine @entity1 who were subsequently found to have @entity378 were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 were scanned on a 1.5 T unit using a neck coil (nine @entity1 ) and a surface coil (five @entity1 ). Each abnormal region was assessed separately for maximum size, pattern of disease, @entity39 , @entity730 , soft tissue @entity4 , @entity121 , and @entity2850 . RESULTS: There were 17 abnormal regions. The posterior triangle was most frequently involved (six @entity1 ) followed by the supraclavicular fossa (five @entity1 ). There were three patterns of disease, comprising discrete nodes, matted nodes, and confluent masses. @entity39 occurred in 10 of the 17 abnormal regions; @entity39 areas were located peripherally in 7 of these 10. The percentage of @entity39 to solid areas ranged from <25 to >75% and was not related to the pattern of disease. @entity4 was present in four @entity1 and was seen with matted nodes and confluent masses. Muscle involvement and @entity2850 occurred in three regions. Calcification was not identified. CONCLUSION: MRI revealed three patterns of disease in @entity378 : discrete nodes, matted nodes, and confluent masses. @entity39 , when present, were more frequently peripheral rather than central, and this together with the soft tissue @entity4 may be of value in differentiating @entity378 from metastatic nodes.

title: MRI of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'Necrotic foci', 'Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['vascular compression']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TCL', 'tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle involvement']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was prospectively undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic value of sonography for detection of sternal @entity174 . We compared sonographic, conventional radiographic, and bone scan examinations of sternal @entity174 . METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 (26 male and 24 female; mean age, 45.2 years) were evaluated. Conventional radiography and sonography were performed in all @entity1 , and bone scans were performed in 39 @entity1 . All @entity1 had acute @entity158 and tenderness in anterior midline chest areas. Sonography was performed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists within 1 to 2 days after admission. @entity1 underwent conventional radiography at admission and bone scans within 4 to 7 days after admission. Two radiologists reviewed all imaging findings by means of consensus. In addition, sonography was performed in 20 asymptomatic @entity1 in a normal control group. RESULTS: Conventional radiography depicted sternal @entity174 in 12 of 50 @entity1 . Sternal @entity174 were detected in 31 of 50 @entity1 on sonography. @entity174 on sonography were located in the manubrium (8 cases), upper sternal body (11 cases), mid sternal body (5 cases), and lower sternal body (7 cases). Bone scans showed sternal hot uptakes (accumulations of the radionuclide used) in 18 of 39 @entity1 . In the control group, there were no bony defects or abnormal contours. CONCLUSIONS: We could detect sternal @entity174 more effectively with sonography than with conventional radiography and bone scans. In addition, sternal @entity174 locations showed relatively even distributions, and focal @entity174 in the manubrium were not easily detected on bone scans.

title: Diagnostic values of sonography for assessment of sternal XXXX compared with conventional radiography and bone scans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: New oral anticoagulants for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 have recently been introduced. In this translational study, we explored the risk of long-term anticoagulation on @entity1779 under sustained severe @entity101 . We initiated anticoagulation with @entity1229 or @entity5424 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 prone to develop severe @entity101 and subsequent intracerebral bleeding complications. A non-anticoagulated group served as control. During an 11-week-study period, blood pressure, anticoagulation parameters, and clinical status were determined regularly. The incidence of histopathologically proven @entity1779 was defined as the primary endpoint. Both @entity1229 and @entity5424 anticoagulation was fairly stable during the study period, and all @entity35 developed severe @entity101 . @entity1779 was determined in 29% (4/14) of @entity1229 @entity35 and in 10% (1/10) of @entity5424 @entity35 . Controls did not show @entity1779 (chi-square not significant). Mortality rate at study termination was 33% (2/6) in controls, 43% (6/14) in the @entity1229 group, and 60% (6/10) in the @entity5424 group. Animals died from extracerebral complications in most cases. Our study describes an experimental @entity1779 model in the context of sustained @entity101 and long-term anticoagulation. @entity548 occurred more often in @entity1229 -treated animals compared with @entity5424 and control @entity35 .

title: Risk of long-term anticoagulation under sustained severe @entity101 : A translational study comparing @entity1229 and the new oral anticoagulant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Extracerebral bleeding complications']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral bleeding complications', 'intracerebral hemorrhage', 'Intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5424 :: (MESH:C522181,Chemical) :: ['apixaban']


abstract: To assess the emerging use of ultrasound-guided compression (USGC) to treat iatrogenic femoral @entity2849 (PA), we reviewed the experience in the accredited vascular laboratory of a large community teaching hospital from June 1993 to August 1994. Femoral duplex ultrasonography was done on 94 consecutive @entity1 suspected of having PA. Twenty-eight PAs were found in 27 @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ; mean age, 62 years). Causes included @entity299 (n = 9), coronary angioplasty (n = 4), coronary stent placement (n = 12), and peripheral angioplasty (n = 3). @entity439 were identified 1 to 90 days (median, 6 days) after femoral procedures, and their size ranged from 0.9 cm to 8.0 cm (mean, 2.5 cm). Fifteen @entity1 (53%) were receiving systemic anticoagulation, 7 (25%) had spontaneous resolution, 10 (36%) were treated by femoral stitch arteriorrhaphy, and 11 (39%) were treated by USGC. Compression included vascular surgery standby, identification of PA neck (channel to native artery), 10-minute compression intervals to obliterate flow with a 5 MHz duplex ultrasound probe, and restudy at 24 hours. This protocol resulted in successful @entity715 in 8 @entity1 (73%) but failed in 3 @entity1 (37%), who required operative repair. Large @entity439 size, PA neck size, and systemic anticoagulation did not influence successful compression of PAs. Advanced age of the PA and operator inexperience were factors believed to negatively influence success. These data suggest that USGC is safe and effective and causes less morbidity than traditional repair, and it has emerged as the initial treatment of choice for iatrogenic @entity2096 .

title: Ultrasound-guided compression for the treatment of iatrogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac angiography']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['artery pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['femoral pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: To investigate the possible secretion of lysosomal enzymes into pancreatic juice during stimulation with a pancreatic secretagogue under both physiological and pathological conditions, we measured the amount of @entity39614 , a lysosomal enzyme, in the pancreatic juice during the infusion of 6 different concentrations of @entity8629 (0.02, 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 micrograms/kg. hr). In one group of @entity95 the pancreatic duct was only cannulated (free-flow group); in others the pancreatic duct was obstructed for 7 hours and secretin was infused at 0.2 CU/kg. hr (obstructed group). In addition, we evaluated the effect of the intraduodenal instillation of a liquid meal (2 g/kg) on the secretion of lysosomal enzymes into pancreatic juice. @entity8629 stimulated the secretion of @entity39614 into pancreatic juice in a dose-dependent manner, as it did that of amylase, and at higher concentrations of @entity8629 (1.0 and 2.0 micrograms/kg. hr), both @entity39614 output and amylase output were decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between @entity39614 output and amylase output into pancreatic juice during stimulation with @entity8629 . Blockage of the pancreatic duct for 7 hours caused a significant rise in serum amylase levels and a redistribution of @entity39614 activity in the pancreatic subcellular fractions, as a result of which an increased amount of @entity39614 was recovered in the pellet obtained by 1000 x g centrifugation for 15 min, which contained many zymogen granules. These changes noted after short-term @entity788 are very similar to those previously noted in the early stage of diet-and @entity8629 -induced experimental @entity788 , suggesting the colocalization of lysosomal enzyme and digestive enzymes. In the duct-obstructed animals, the secretion of @entity39614 stimulated by @entity8629 was significantly greater than in the free-flow group. Furthermore, the intraduodenal instillation of a liquid meal caused the secretion of @entity39614 into the pancreatic juice along with amylase. These results indicate that under physiological conditions, such as food intake, lysosomal enzymes are secreted into the pancreatic juice in response to stimulation by gut hormones in the same manner as classical pancreatic digestive enzymes. Moreover, zymogen colocalized with lysosomal enzymes in duct-obstructed animals is secreted into pancreatic juice in increased amounts together with digestive enzymes; this finding suggests that lysosomal enzymes play important pathophysiological roles in pancreatic juice and that acinar cells are altered to maintain cellular organization by secreting the potentially dangerous lysosomal enzymes. This pancreatic duct-obstructed @entity95 model should be useful in clarifying the early events of acute @entity788 .

title: Secretion of lysosomal and digestive enzymes into pancreatic juice under physiological and pathological conditions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['caerulein', 'Caerulein']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic duct obstruction']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: @entity398 (OT) is secreted during the final stages of @entity291 follicular development. To test OT's potential role as a regulator of follicular steroidogenesis, theca and granulosa cells were isolated from @entity291 preovulatory follicles 48 h after initiation of luteolysis with @entity3774 , and cultured with graded doses of OT (0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 mIU/ml). Granulosa cells were cultured with @entity251 (0.5 microM) in either defined medium or medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum in the presence or absence of FSH (300 ng/ml); medium was collected and replaced daily for 5 days. In defined medium, @entity398 alone significantly increased @entity1420 production by granulosa cells (P less than 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner; over 5 days, doses of 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 mIU/ml OT caused 1.7-, 2.0-, 2.2-, and 2.6-fold increases. FSH enhanced @entity1420 5-fold, but no dose of OT increased @entity1420 in the presence of FSH. OT also elevated @entity1420 in serum-containing medium (P less than 0.005), but the magnitude of its effects was lower (1.07-, 1.1-, 1.2-, and 1.4-fold increases with 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 mIU/ml OT). OT had little effect on @entity53 secretion by granulosa cells cultured with or without FSH. To test the specificity of OT's effects on @entity1420 production by granulosa cells, granulosa cells were treated with graded doses of an OT antagonist (0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of OT (5 and 50 mIU/ml). @entity1420 production by granulosa cells in the presence of the antagonist alone was similar to production in control cultures. The stimulatory effects of 5 and 50 mIU OT were completely abolished in the presence of 100 or 1000 ng antagonist, respectively (P less than 0.01). Preparations of theca interna were cultured in defined medium with graded doses of OT (0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 mIU/ml) in the presence or absence of LH (300 ng/ml), with collection and replacement of medium at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. LH alone increased both @entity1420 (12-fold) and @entity2671 (4-fold) production over controls. However, no dose of OT significantly affected either @entity1420 or @entity2671 production. These results show that OT stimulates @entity1420 production by granulosa cells, and thus, suggest that OT regulates steroidogenesis in @entity291 granulosa cells in vivo.

title: Effects of @entity398 on steroidogenesis by XXXX theca and granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: We have studied the hormonal secretion and excretion patterns in a @entity1 with the XX type of 17 @entity41875 . In the untreated state, the @entity1 's urine contained only those @entity230 which do not require 17-hydroxylation in their biosynthesis. @entity1369 was not produced in the @entity1 and the metabolic product of its immediate precursor, @entity41876 , was excreted in markedly elevated amounts. This apparent complete block in 18 oxidation was reversible upon long-term ACTH suppression within 27 days. Direct in vitro incubation of the @entity1 's adrenal gland removed at operation demonstrated, 1) the complete lack of 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity, 2) the functional block in the ability to oxidize the @entity3787 group at the 18 @entity5498 side chain. The addition of physiological concentrations of angiotensin to the incubation medium further showed, 3) angiotensin mildly stimulated the entire @entity1369 biosynthetic pathway, 4) angiotensin directly stimulated the conversion of @entity18073 to @entity1369 . We propose that in this @entity1 , 17-hydroxylase deficiency produced a decreased plasma concentration of @entity701 , followed by stimulation of @entity8147 production by ACTH. The resultant increase in extracellular fluid volume suppressed plasma @entity916 activity. This resulted in a low plasma concentration of @entity2178 which directly suppressed oxidation of @entity18073 to @entity1369 . This defect has been called corticosterone @entity5498 oxidase defect type 2.

title: 17 @entity41875 . A combination of hydroxylation defect and reversible blockade in XXXX biosynthesis.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity18073 :: ('MESH:D015069', 'Chemical') :: ['18-hydroxycorticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity41876 :: ('MESH:C027925', 'Chemical') :: ['18-hydroxy-11-dehydro-tetrahydrocorticosterone']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity41875 :: ('MESH:C562688', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-hydroxylase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity8147 :: ('MESH:D003900', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycorticosterone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: In this paper, we explore the benefits of storytelling in health communication and, in particular, immunization education. During the mid-20th century polio epidemic, both personal stories and scientific information abounded in the media. However, as rates of vaccine-preventable @entity66 declined, narratives about the dangers of such @entity66 faded as did the public fear of them. Meanwhile, anti-vaccine advocates flooded the media and Internet with stories of injured @entity1 and tied those injuries, such as @entity2438 , to vaccines. Medical experts often counter anti-vaccine concerns with scientific information which can fail to persuade parents. Furthermore, evidence suggests that many @entity1 misunderstand quantitative information resulting in a misinterpretation of risk. Compared to scientific information, stories relate life lessons and values. They are effective because they are memorable and relatable. Evidence also suggests that storytelling can effectively improve health knowledge and behaviors. Inspired by In Harm's Way--True Stories of Uninsured Texas @entity1 by the @entity1 's Defense Fund and Faces of Influenza by the American Lung Association, we published Vaccine-Preventable Disease: The Forgotten Story, a collection of photographs and personal stories of families affected by vaccine-preventable @entity66 . We have found that the stories included in our booklet capture all the benefits of storytelling. Given the many benefits of storytelling, providers should strive to include stories along with medical facts in their daily practice.

title: Telling stories of vaccine-preventable XXXX : why it works.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate @entity8 ( @entity8 ) assessment as a tool for diagnosis of @entity726 in @entity1 with good visual acuity. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study we evaluated one eye of 50 @entity1 with primary open angle or normotensive @entity726 who were newly diagnosed. All met the 0.6, or better, vision requirement. @entity8 was measured at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd) spatial frequencies for one luminance level (85 cd/m2) using the functional acuity contrast test (FACT). Visual fields were evaluated using the Humphrey 750i field analyzer and the 30-2 standard full threshold program. The results from the visual acuity and @entity8 assessments were compared with results for 20 age-matched control subjects. RESULTS: @entity8 scores were significantly lower at all spatial frequencies for the @entity726 @entity1 than for the control subjects. The sensitivity of @entity8 measurements was generally around 50%. Specificity ranged between 68 and 100%. FACT @entity8 scores of less than 22 at 12 cpd spatial frequency provided sensitivity and specificity values concomitantly exceeding 60%. CONCLUSIONS: Both the presence of a significant difference between the @entity8 of @entity726 @entity1 and control subjects and a high specificity of contrast sensitivity suggests that the FACT test may be used as a tool for diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity726 , besides other methods such as short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP).

title: FACT contrast sensitivity as a diagnostic tool in XXXX : FACT contrast sensitivity in @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['spatial-contrast sensitivity', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'early glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: The communicative efficacy of the speech of @entity161 @entity1 is compromised by the presence of references for which there are no referents. There is evidence that this kind of error is positively associated with the genetic substrate of @entity161 . The present study was an effort to identify a cognitive process source of these errors by looking at their association with performance on an internal source memory task assessing the ability to remember what one has said out loud versus only thought. Their relationship to @entity716 also was examined. A sample of 110 @entity161 /schizoaffective outpatients, and 23 nonpsychiatric controls provided 10-min speech samples and completed a battery of memory tests. @entity1 ' symptoms also were rated for severity. @entity1 performed more poorly than controls on the memory tests, and their speech contained much more frequent references without referents. Frequency of missing referents was associated with scores on the test of internal source memory, even after scores on tests of immediate memory, working memory, and external source memory were regressed out. Missing referents were also related to severity of @entity1833 and delusions, and internal source memory performance was related to @entity1833 . The findings of this study support the idea that missing referents, @entity1833 , and delusions have some common process underpinnings. Impairment in internal source memory appears to be one such process.

title: Missing referents, XXXX , and discriminating the internal from the externalized.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic symptoms']


abstract: @entity43 is the leading cause of death from @entity5 in the United States. Although there has been a statistically significant improvement in 5-year survival, in 2005 more than 16,000 @entity1 were expected to die of this disease. To date, there is no reliable method to screen for @entity43 ; therefore, the majority of cases are diagnosed with @entity1442 . For early @entity43 , appropriate surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy for selected cases will result in survival rates of 90-95%. For advanced @entity43 , survival depends primarily on the success of the initial surgical procedure. @entity1 with complete cytoreduction to microscopic disease are often cured with adjuvant chemotherapy. There is growing evidence that these @entity1 with microscopic @entity66 are excellent candidates for intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and this mode of chemotherapy delivery may be their best opportunity for cure. @entity1 with optimal cytoreduction also may benefit from intraperitoneal chemotherapy, but cure is less likely. For @entity1 with suboptimal cytoreduction, intravenous chemotherapy with a combination of @entity3003 and @entity1311 is the current standard therapy. Most of these @entity1 will experience recurrence of the @entity5 , with small chance of cure. Salvage chemotherapy is important in @entity43 because many @entity1 respond to several salvage regimens. Because of the high response rate of @entity43 , even after relapse, it is probably better to consider 10-year survival as the ideal end point. Finally, new biologic agents, in combination with traditional surgery and chemotherapy, may result in further improvement in survival for @entity1 with @entity43 .

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3231 ( @entity3231 ), encoded by two functional genes, @entity3231 and @entity11028 , is essential for the inflammatory process and host defence in the lungs. Recent studies have demonstrated the extrapulmonary expression of @entity3231 . Similar to the lungs, the kidneys are organs exposed to external pathogens. The present study evaluated the expression and location of @entity3231 in the kidneys. The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of @entity3231 subtypes was also studied in renal tubular epithelial ( @entity1 ) cells. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed using polyclonal antibody against @entity3231 . RT-PCR was also performed using mRNA from normal @entity1 renal tissues and @entity1 cells. The expressions of the @entity3231 and @entity11028 genes were determined by PCR-based RFLP analysis, gene-specific amplification, and direct sequencing of RT-PCR products. Western blot was conducted to analyse the @entity3231 protein. @entity1 cells were treated with LPS at various concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 2, 5, and 10  g/mL) for 8 h and at 5  g/mL at various time points (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h). The LPS-induced expressions of @entity3231 and @entity11028 mRNA and protein were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: @entity3231 was localised in the renal tubular epithelial cells in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. @entity3231 and @entity11028 mRNA and protein were expressed in @entity1 cells and @entity1 renal tissues, which were significantly increased in time- and dose-dependent manners after LPS treatment (P   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 renal tubular epithelial cells can express both @entity3231 and @entity11028 genes, which may play important roles in the inflammatory modulation of the kidney.

title: Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of surfactant proteins A1 and A2 in XXXX renal tubular epithelial cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a new in vitro model of @entity3 using a @entity1 dermal equivalent, AlloDerm  . @entity957 line (HSC-2, @entity8989 and OSC20) and a @entity320 (G361) were cultured on AlloDerm   and evaluated histologically to examine destruction of the basement membrane and invasion into the dermis of AlloDerm  . @entity8989 and G361 cells invaded through the basement membrane of AlloDerm   at 21-28 days after seeding, while HSC-2 and OSC20 cells did not. Next, these cells were transplanted into the tongues of @entity19 , and the degree of local invasiveness was examined histologically. @entity8989 and G361 cells invaded diffusely to the surrounding tongue tissue, although HSC-2 and OSC20 showed only expansive growth. Further, these cells were transplanted subcutaneously in @entity19 to study metastatic activity. Regional and distant metastases were rarely observed after transplantation of HSC-2 and OSC20 cells. On the other hand, @entity8989 and G361 cells frequently metastasized. These findings show a close relationship among in vitro invasiveness on AlloDerm  , in vivo invasiveness, and metastatic activity. This experimental model using AlloDerm   is a potentially new in vitro model of @entity3 .

title: A new in vitro invasion model for oral cancer using an acellular allogenic dermal matrix (Alloderm): the relationship among in vitro invasion activity, in vivo invasion and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['A squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma line']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Fever, in the presence of @entity131 ( @entity131 ), is associated with worsened neurologic outcomes. Studies prior to the publication of management guidelines revealed an undertreatment of @entity221 in @entity1 with neurologic insults. Presently the adult @entity131 guidelines state that maintenance of normothermia should be a standard of care therefore improvement in management of @entity221 in these @entity1 would be expected. The specific aims of the study were to: (1) determine the incidence of @entity221 (T>or=38.5 degrees C) in a population of critically ill @entity1 with @entity131 ; (2) describe what interventions were recorded by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in managing @entity221 ; (3) ascertain the rate of adherence with published normothermia guidelines. Medical record review of available hospital records was conducted on @entity1 admitted to a level I @entity130 center following severe @entity131 (N=108) from the parent study. Temperature data was abstracted and contemporaneous nursing documentation was examined for evidence of intervention for @entity221 and adherence with published standards. Data analyses were performed that included descriptive statistics. Seventy-nine percent of @entity131 @entity1 (85/108) had at least one recorded @entity221 event while in the ICU. However in only 31% of events did the @entity1 receive any documented intervention by nursing staff for the elevated temperature. The most frequently documented intervention was pharmacologic (358/1166 elevations). Other nursing actions (e.g. use of fan) accounted for a minority (<1%) of nursing interventions documented. @entity1 were more likely to have a high temperature that exceeded 40 degrees C (13%) than a temperature that was normothermic (5%). There continues to be an under treatment of @entity221 in @entity1 with @entity131 by critical care nurses despite our knowledge of its negative effects on outcomes. There remains a gap in translation between @entity1 outcomes research and bedside practice that needs to be overcome, thus research efforts need to now focus on understanding nurses' decision-making processes and the best methods of @entity221 reduction in @entity1 with @entity131 .

title: Intensive care unit management of @entity221 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: @entity3061 around total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be difficult to identify and quantitate on plain radiographs. This study reports on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with metal suppression for the evaluation of suspected @entity3564 around TKA. We retrospectively reviewed 11 @entity1 referred for MRI with suspected @entity3564 . Radiographic and MRI findings and findings at revision arthroplasty were correlated. The presence of @entity3061 was identified or suspected radiographically in all of the 11 @entity1 . @entity3061 was confirmed in 10 @entity1 by MRI. In 9 of 11 @entity1 , the extent of @entity3061 was greater on MRI than estimated radiographically. In 5 of 11 @entity1 , MRI demonstrated additional @entity690 which were radiographically occult. In one case, the amount of @entity3061 on MRI was less than on initial radiographs, and in one case, @entity3061 was felt to be present radiographically but was not confirmed on MRI. In all 7 of 11 @entity1 subsequently treated with revision TKA, MRI findings were confirmed at revision.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging with metal suppression for evaluation of XXXX after total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['Osteolysis', 'osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic osteolysis']

answer: @entity3564 :: (MESH:D057068,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic osteolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ferritin is associated with various cardiometabolic risk factors such as @entity2299 , @entity101 , @entity28 , and insulin resistance in adults. We aimed to study the association between serum ferritin levels and @entity2299 in adolescents, because @entity2299 is considered an important modifiable @entity65 factor in the young. METHODS: We analyzed 1,879 subjects (1,026 @entity1 and 853 @entity1 ) from the 2009-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. Subjects were categorized into quartiles according to their lipid parameters, which were classified according to age and gender. Those in the highest quartile groups for total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), and @entity412 concentrations were diagnosed as having @entity2299 . Those in the lowest quartile for high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) values were diagnosed with abnormal levels. RESULTS: In @entity1 , total @entity165 , LDL-C, and @entity412 concentrations were significantly correlated with serum ferritin levels. In both @entity1 and girls, serum ferritin levels were negatively associated with HDL-C values, even after adjusting for all covariates. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between serum ferritin levels and total @entity165 , LDL, and @entity412 concentrations in girls. CONCLUSION: Serum ferritin levels were significantly associated with @entity2299 parameters, more prominently in @entity1 than in @entity1 , and this association represents a cardiometabolic risk factor.

title: Relationship between Serum Ferritin Levels and XXXX in Korean Adolescents.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'major dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['Dyslipidemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 , or @entity4696 , is a @entity146 in which mood, thoughts and behavioral patterns are impaired for long periods. The illness distresses the @entity1 and impairs his or her social functioning and quality of life. @entity4696 is characterized by marked sadness or a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities, and is accompanied by weight change, @entity25 , fatigue, difficulty concentrating, physical impairment and a high suicide rate. In 2000, the World Health Organization, or WHO, identified @entity4696 as the fourth ranked cause of disability and @entity204 in the world. WHO projected that by 2020, @entity4696 would rise in disease burden to be second only to @entity741 . The disorder is common in the United States, with a lifetime prevalence rate of 17 percent and a recurrence rate of more than 50 percent. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4696 may be associated with extensive @entity7291 , and @entity1 may seek dental treatment before becoming aware of their @entity146 . @entity4696 frequently is associated with a disinterest in performing appropriate oral hygiene techniques, a cariogenic diet, diminished salivary flow, @entity1547 , @entity2520 and @entity809 . Many medications used to treat the disease magnify the @entity2133 and increase the incidence of @entity7291 . Appropriate dental management requires a vigorous dental education program, the use of saliva substitutes and anticaries agents containing @entity1388 , and special precautions when prescribing or administering analgesics and local anesthetics. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists cognizant of these signs and symptoms have an opportunity to recognize @entity1 with occult @entity4696 . After confirmation of the diagnosis and institution of treatment by a mental health practitioner, dentists usually can provide a full range of services that may enhance @entity1 ' self-esteem and contribute to the psychotherapeutic aspect of management.

title: XXXX . Psychopathology, medical management and dental implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['advanced periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['oral dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['rampant dental caries']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity7291 :: ('MESH:D009057', 'Disease') :: ['dental disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Major depressive disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate @entity1012 sclerotherapy efficacy for treatment of simple @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with 25 symptomatic or large simple cysts were treated by ultrasonography (US)-guided percutaneous aspiration and injection of @entity1012 (8 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 , mean age 63.6 years, SD 9.5). Six @entity1 presented with @entity812 , 14 presented with renal mass; @entity8 was right, left, or bilateral sided in 9, 8, and 8 kidneys, respectively. @entity1 were evaluated by clinical assessment, US, or CT scan 3 months following the procedure. Complete and partial success was defined as symptom resolution with either @entity45 or greater than 70% reduction, respectively. Failure was defined as 30% of cyst size recurrence and/or persistent symptoms. RESULTS: Average reduction was 93.0%. Complete and partial resolution occurred in 11 (44.0%) and 13 (52.0%) cysts, respectively. One case was defined as failure, with a 64.2% size reduction from 10.9cm to 3.9cm (volume reduction rate 95.4%). @entity158 improved in all @entity1 , regardless of complete or partial resolution. Minor complications occurred in 3 @entity1 , 2 developed @entity491 and 1 had mild fever (< 38.5 degrees C) following aspiration and sclerotherapy. Successful treatment was achieved with conservative measures and NSAID therapy. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous treatment of simple @entity8 with @entity1012 sclerotherapy was found to be a safe, effective and minimally invasive procedure.

title: Percutaneous treatment of XXXX with @entity1012 sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cyst location', 'renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['total cyst ablation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Renal pain']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Currently, 60% @entity1 with advanced @entity978 could be cured by receiving standard treatments. The international prognostic factor project on advanced @entity978 has developed a concept of @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) based on seven adverse prognostic factors consisting of male sex, age 45 years or older, stage @entity66 , @entity491 , @entity2905 , low hemoglobin and low serum albumin for newly diagnosed advanced @entity978 @entity1 . This study was to explore the feasibility of the @entity3538 in advanced @entity978 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 141 @entity1 with untreated advanced @entity978 in @entity5 Center of Sun Yat-sen University between January 1980 and December 2004. @entity3538 was defined as the number of adverse prognostic factors presented at diagnosis. The rates of @entity177 ( @entity177 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier and compared according to @entity3538 by log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used in multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity177 and @entity1349 for 141 advanced @entity978 @entity1 were 57.6%, 68.1% respectively. Estimated 5-year @entity177 was 67.7%, 63.2%, 61.8%, 34.9% for @entity1 with 0-1, 2, 3, > or =4 of the adverse prognostic factors respectively. Estimated 5-year @entity1349 was 81.0%, 75.5%, 70.3%, 42.3% for @entity1 with 0-1, 2, 3, > or =4 of the adverse prognostic factors respectively. The 5-year @entity177 for low risk @entity1 with @entity3538 =0-2 and high risk @entity1 with @entity3538 > or =3 were 65.4%, 48.9% respectively (log-rank test: P=0.012); the 5 year @entity1349 for @entity1 with @entity3538 =0-2 and @entity3538 > or =3 were 78.4%, 57.1% respectively (log-rank test: P=0.004). Low risk @entity1 with @entity3538 =0-2 had superior @entity1349 than high risk @entity1 with @entity3538 > or =3 when treated with ABVD or MOPP. The @entity177 and @entity1349 of the advanced @entity1733 @entity1 at high risk treated with ABVD were better than those treated with MOPP. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that B symptoms, @entity66 and MOPP chemotherapy were independent adverse prognostic factors for @entity177 and @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3538 shows good prognostic power in advanced @entity1733 . High risk advanced @entity1733 @entity1 treated with MOPP have inferior survival than those treated with ABVD, thus we recommend @entity1 to be treated with ABVD or more intensive regimen.

title: [Feasibility study of application of @entity3538 on prediction of prognosis for advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extranodal disease', 'IV disease']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['IPS', 'international prognostic score']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FFS', 'failure free survival']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Topical application of @entity288 also has an influence on skin barrier impairment. Physiological lipid mixtures, such as @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) containing a natural lipid component leads to effective recovery of the barrier function. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to conduct an evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and skin barrier protection of topical @entity10438 in @entity9762 . METHODS: A multi-center randomized, double-blind, controlled study was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity10438 cream in @entity9762 for Korean @entity1 with @entity484 . The study group included 175 @entity1 with @entity484 , who applied either @entity10438 in @entity9762 cream or @entity38689 cream for 2 weeks. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using the physician's global assessment of clinical response (PGA), trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), and visual analogue scale (VAS) for @entity111 . @entity1 were evaluated using these indices at days 4, 8, and 15. RESULTS: Comparison of PGA score, TEWL, and VAS score at baseline with those at days 4, 8, and 15 of treatment showed a significant improvement in both groups. @entity1 who applied @entity10438 in @entity9762 (74.8%) showed better results (p<0.05) than those who applied @entity38689 (47.8%). The TEWL improvement ratio was higher in the @entity10438 in @entity9762 group than that in the @entity38689 group, and VAS improvement was also better in the @entity10438 in @entity9762 group. CONCLUSION: @entity10438 in @entity9762 has a better therapeutic efficacy as well as less skin barrier impairment than @entity38689 .

title: The Clinical Efficacy of XXXX in Multi-Lamellar Emulsion for @entity484 : A Double-blinded Crossover Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity38689 :: ('MESH:C078007', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone aceponate']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['MLE', 'multi-lamellar emulsion']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate', 'Mometasone furoate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity10438 :: (MESH:C053915,Chemical) :: ['Mometasone Furoate']


abstract: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces @entity32 in the skin specifically at the site of exposure. We unexpectedly found that UVB-induced @entity32 was not induced in @entity18511 phox-depleted @entity19 . To test whether @entity18511 phox is directly involved in UVB-induced @entity32 , neutrophil- and hyaluronic acid-depleted @entity19 were also irradiated and examined for their response. Hyaluronic acid-depleted @entity19 showed strongly inhibited UVB-induced @entity32 , but the neutrophil-depleted @entity19 did not exhibit any suppressed UVB-induced @entity32 . To elucidate the pathway by which UVB irradiation induced @entity32 , we examined the expression of @entity377 -binding domain, @entity368 -rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 ( @entity6198 ) and @entity13761 in the @entity19 skin. An increase in the expression of @entity6198 and @entity13761 was seen following the UVB irradiation of C57BL @entity19 ; however, the UVB-irradiated @entity8930 -knockout ( @entity8930 (-/-)) @entity19 did not have this increase in expression. Furthermore, the plasma @entity635 level increased after the UVB irradiation in C57BL @entity19 , but there was no change in the @entity8930 (-/-) @entity19 . These results clearly indicate that @entity1110 oxidase is activated by @entity8930 , which is expressed on the surface in response to the increased expression of hyaluronic acid induced by UVB irradiation, and as result, the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) increases. This ROS activate @entity6198 , and @entity6198 leads to the production of @entity13761 , which subsequently increases @entity635 , thereby finally inducing @entity32 . It is thought that this system may play an important role in the damage and ageing of skin, and further studies are necessary to confirm these finding.

title: Intercellular pathway through hyaluronic acid in UVB-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Antimicrobial peptides ( @entity860 ) are effector molecules of the innate immune system. A cross-functionality exists between AMPs and heparin-binding peptides. Here, we show that the peptides QPTRRPRPGTGPGRRPRPRPRP (QPT22), derived from proline @entity369 -rich end @entity368 -rich repeat protein ( @entity28917 ) and KRFKQDGGWSHWSPWSS (KRF17) from thrombospondin exert antimicrobial activities against the Gram-negative bacteria @entity526 and @entity796 , as well as against the Gram-positive @entity3881 . Analysis by fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that QPT22 and KRF17 bind to bacterial membranes. Particularly QPT22 was found to induce membrane leakage of liposomes. The peptides displayed no hemolytic activities, nor did they exert membrane permeabilising effects on @entity1 epithelial cells. Additional peptides derived from heparin-binding regions of laminin, @entity4732 , and fibronectin exerted similar antibacterial effects. Several peptides also showed activity against @entity794 . Thus, the data disclose a novel antimicrobial activity of heparin-binding regions of matrix glycoproteins. The findings can be utilized in the development of novel AMPs for therapeutic use.

title: Bacterial killing by heparin-binding peptides from XXXX and thrombospondin.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity28917 :: (5549,Gene) :: ['PRELP']


abstract: Sleep @entity751 have been known since long, and frequently the presenting symptoms are neurological in nature. However, these disorders have not been systematically studied and reported in the Indian literature. Out of 12,000 neurology outpatients seen by authors in 2 years, 60 had primary @entity25 . All these 60 @entity1 underwent clinical evaluation and video EEG polysomnography. In 8 out of 60 (13%) @entity1 , sleep apnoea was documented. Five @entity1 had @entity27 , 3 had @entity25 and none had pure central @entity25 . Three-fourths of the @entity1 were @entity28 (mean weight 82kg) middle aged males (mean age 46.3 years). The main symptoms encountered were excessive daytime somnolence and snoring. The symptom severity was found to correspond directly with the duration of symptoms as well as @entity28 . Sleep @entity751 must be seriously considered and documented in all @entity1 complaining of excessive daytime somnolence.

title: Sleep XXXX : clinical and polysomnographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['apnoea syndromes']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['mixed sleep apnoea', 'sleep disturbances', 'sleep apnoea syndrome']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['apnoea syndromes']


abstract: The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the management of @entity296 related to @entity1555 has not been completely defined. The purposes of this study were to describe the response to @entity4688 and its relation to @entity4714 mutation type, ventricular size, or age at the onset of @entity1002 . Serial clinical and echocardiographic data from 50 @entity1 with @entity1555 (aged 10 to 20 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-seven @entity1 (46%) developed @entity1002 (mean age 13.2 +/- 2.4 years). Ten (43%) responded to @entity4688 with the normalization of function. Responders and nonresponders developed @entity1002 at similar ages (p = 0.91). At the onset of @entity1002 , only 2 @entity1 (1 responder, 1 nonresponder) had dilated left ventricles. The positive response to @entity4688 was sustained in 7 @entity1 (median follow-up 23 months, range 5 to 58). No specific mutation was associated with the response to @entity4688 (p = 0.66) or predictive of the development of @entity1002 (p = 0.8). In conclusion, 10 of 26 @entity1 (43%) with @entity1555 responded to the use of @entity4688 with normalization of the shortening fraction. Age at the onset of @entity1002 and the type of mutation were not predictors of response to @entity4688 .

title: Left ventricular function and response to @entity4688 in @entity1 with XXXX during the second decade of life.

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV systolic dysfunction', 'left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Injury to the alveolocapillary barrier characterizes ALI/ @entity649 ; therefore determining levels of lung epithelium-specific small proteins in serum may help predict clinical outcomes. We examined whether serum Clara cell protein ( @entity10974 ) concentration is correlated with the outcome, mechanical ventilation duration, and incidence of nonpulmonary organ failure. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter observational study conducted by the Quebec Critical Care Network. MEASUREMENTS: Seventy-eight adult @entity649 @entity1 requiring mechanical ventilation were enrolled and 28-day mortality was the primary outcome. Ventilatory parameters were computed and blood was sampled daily. Clinical information collected included cause of @entity204 , duration of mechanical ventilation, number of ventilator-free days, and organ failures. RESULTS: Median serum levels of @entity10974 were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than survivors on days 0-2 (19.93 microg/l, IQR 11.8-44.32, vs. 8.9, 5.66-26.38) and sustained up to day 14. @entity10974 levels were correlated positively with the number of failing organs (rho 0.3623) and requirement for prolonged mechanical ventilation. Predictors of @entity1 mortality included age, arterial @entity544 partial pressure, @entity10974 , and APACHE II score (odds ratios 1.35, 1.52, 1.37, 1.159, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Higher initial @entity10974 serum level is associated with increased risk of @entity204 , fewer ventilator-free days, and increased frequency of nonpulmonary @entity881 . @entity10974 is a valuable biomarker of @entity649 that may help predict outcome among @entity649 @entity1 with high-risk mortality.

title: Outcome value of Clara cell protein in serum of XXXX with acute @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most frequently occurring @entity943 with often serious clinical consequences. Many @entity1 have contraindications to anticoagulation, and it is often underused in clinical practice. The addition of @entity1397 to @entity117 (ASA) has been shown to reduce vascular events in a number of high-risk populations. @entity7056 is an angiotensin receptor-blocking agent that reduces blood pressure and has other vascular protective effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: ACTIVE W is a noninferiority trial of @entity1397 plus @entity1281 versus oral anticoagulation in @entity1 with @entity955 and at least 1 risk factor for @entity64 . ACTIVE A is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of @entity1397 in @entity1 with @entity955 and with at least 1 risk factor for @entity64 who receive ASA because they have a contraindication for oral anticoagulation or because they are unwilling to take an oral anticoagulant. ACTIVE I is a partial factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of @entity7056 in @entity1 participating in ACTIVE A or ACTIVE W. The primary outcomes of these studies are composites of vascular events. A total of 14000 @entity1 will be enrolled in these trials. CONCLUSIONS: ACTIVE is the largest trial yet conducted in @entity955 . Its results will lead to a new understanding of the role of combined antiplatelet therapy and the role of blood pressure lowering with an angiotensin II receptor blocker in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Rationale and design of ACTIVE: the XXXX @entity1397 trial with @entity7056 for prevention of vascular events.

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan', 'Irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective single-center study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the recovery of motor function and the early complications in @entity1 with acute cervical @entity1566 after receiving a high dose of @entity8313 (MPSS) within 8 hours of injury. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: High-dose MPSS therapy has been demonstrated to improve the neurologic recovery in @entity1 with acute @entity1566 . However, it remains a controversial treatment. METHODS: Seventy @entity1 were included in this study: 37 in the MPSS group who were treated with MPSS within 8 hours of their injury according to the Second National Acute @entity1566 Study protocol, and 33 in non-MPSS group who were not administered with MPSS. Improvements in the American @entity3510 Association motor score were compared between the MPSS group and the non-MPSS group. In @entity1 with complete motor loss at admission and follow-up periods, improvements of myotomal levels between the MPSS (n = 15) and non-MPSS groups (n = 21) were compared. Early complications within 6 weeks of high-dose MPSS therapy were compared with those of no MPSS therapy. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 with incomplete @entity912 at admission, the American @entity3510 Association motor scores in the MPSS group were improved more significantly than those in the non-MPSS group at 6 weeks and 6 months after injury. Meanwhile, among the @entity1 with complete @entity912 at admission, the @entity1 in the MPSS group did not show significantly more change in motor score than those in the non-MPSS group. Improvement in myotomal level had no significant difference between the MPSS and non-MPSS groups. The MPSS group had 10 @entity1 with early complications, while the non-MPSS group had 14. The differences between the 2 groups showed no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: MPSS should be administered to @entity1 with incomplete cervical @entity1566 according to the Second National Acute @entity1566 Study protocol.

title: Effects of the Second National Acute @entity1566 Study of high-dose methylprednisolone therapy on acute cervical @entity1566 in XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity8313 :: ('MESH:D008776', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone sodium succinate']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity3510 :: (MESH:D013124,Disease) :: ['spinal injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Depression (major @entity308 or @entity308 ) is more prevalent in alcoholic than in nonalcoholic subjects in families with multiple members with @entity988 studied as part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of @entity988 (National Institute on @entity167 Abuse and @entity988 ). First-degree relatives of probands with comorbid @entity988 and @entity308 have a higher prevalence of both disorders than relatives of probands with @entity988 alone, and both groups have a higher prevalence than the relatives of comparison subjects selected without regard to psychopathology. Data from the collaborative study were used to test three phenotypes (comorbid @entity988 and @entity308 , @entity988 or @entity308 , and @entity308 ) for genetic linkage. METHOD: Genome-wide sibling-pair linkage analyses were performed with the phenotypes comorbid @entity988 and @entity308 , @entity988 or @entity308 , and @entity308 (major @entity308 or @entity308 ). Analyses were performed in two data sets (initial and replication data sets) from subject groups ascertained with identical criteria, as well as in the combined data set. RESULTS: Peak lod scores on chromosome 1 (near 120 centimorgan) for the @entity988 or @entity308 phenotype were 5.12, 1.52, and 4.66 in the initial, replication, and combined data sets, respectively. The corresponding lod scores on chromosome 2 were 2.79, 0.20, and 3.26; on chromosome 6, they were 3.39, 0.00, and 0.92; and on chromosome 16, they were 3.13, 0.00, and 2.06. Lod scores on chromosome 2 for the comorbid @entity988 and @entity308 phenotype in the three data sets were 0.00, 4.12, and 2.16, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a gene or genes on chromosome 1 may predispose some individuals to @entity988 and others to @entity308 (which may be @entity167 induced). Loci on other chromosomes may also be of interest.

title: Evidence for a locus on chromosome 1 that influences vulnerability to XXXX and affective disorder.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism', 'Alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive syndrome']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Activation of the trigeminovascular system and sensitisation of brainstem trigeminal nuclei are thought to play an important role in @entity2704 . The aim of this study was to investigate the blink reflex and its @entity734 in @entity1 with "chronic @entity2704 ". METHODS: We studied 35 @entity1 suffering from "chronic @entity2704 " (IHS classification criteria) outside and during a spontaneous attack, and 35 control subjects. An EMG device with a specific @entity734 test program was used to elicit and record blink reflex responses and to randomly repeat stimulations at different time intervals so as to induce @entity734 . RESULTS: The R(1) and R(2) latencies, amplitudes and areas of the basal blink reflex were similar in @entity1 studied both outside and during an attack as well as in control subjects, whereas the blink reflex @entity734 responses were markedly reduced in @entity1 studied outside an attack. The percent changes in the R(2) areas from the baseline values, obtained when stimuli were delivered at time intervals of 10, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1s, were statistically different (p<0.01-p<0.001) from those of the same @entity1 studied during a @entity2704 attack and of those of control subjects. There was a significant correlation between decreased @entity734 of the blink reflex and a higher frequency of attacks. The stimulus intensities of the blink reflex (multiples of the detection threshold intensities) were significantly lower (p<0.001) on the side affected, or more severely affected, by @entity10 in @entity1 studied during a @entity2704 attack. CONCLUSIONS: The decreased @entity734 of the blink reflex outside an attack reflects abnormal excitability in "chronic @entity2704 ", which normalizes during the attacks. The inverse correlation between the frequency of attacks and @entity734 responses confirms the abnormal excitability induced by the high frequency of attacks. @entity6220 mechanisms ( @entity1931 ) may explain the lower detection thresholds observed on the side affected by @entity10 in @entity1 during the attacks. SIGNIFICANCE: The blink reflex and its @entity734 may help shed light on the subtle neurophysiological changes that occur in @entity2704 @entity1 between and during attacks.

title: The blink reflex in "chronic XXXX ".

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['Central sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['habituation']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperoxic preconditioning is known to protect the heart against @entity39 and @entity409 , but protection against @entity943 has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE: The authors hypothesized that pre-exposure to normobaric @entity871 ( @entity871 ) reduces @entity63 and reperfusion-induced @entity943 in isolated @entity35 hearts. METHODS: Following 60 and 180 min of @entity871 treatment, @entity35 hearts were isolated immediately (H60 and H180) or 24 h afterward (H60/24 and H180/24), and subjected to 30 min of regional @entity63 followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Occurrence, number, and duration of @entity943 were analyzed during @entity63 and reperfusion. In addition, cardiac @entity1188 size was also assessed. RESULTS: Sixty and 180 min of breathing hyperoxic gas induced significant protection against severe @entity63 and reperfusion-induced @entity943 . Total number of @entity1540 was markedly attenuated by @entity871 pre-exposure, especially in H60 and H180 groups. Duration of @entity1165 and @entity2224 was also affected by @entity871 . @entity871 reduced the number of @entity1165 in @entity63 and reperfusion phase. Accordingly, severity of @entity943 ( @entity943 score) and @entity1188 size were lower in @entity871 -treated groups. The effects were more pronounced using @entity871 immediately before harvesting the heart. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that hyperoxic preconditioning attenuates ventricular @entity63 and reperfusion-induced @entity943 in isolated @entity35 hearts, @entity1188 size, and improves postischemic heart function. The effects seem to depend on the time course after @entity871 treatment.

title: @entity63 and reperfusion-induced XXXX : role of hyperoxic preconditioning.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachycardia episodes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperoxia', 'hyperoxia', 'H']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'decreases cardiac infarct']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular beats']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: A "spindle assembly" checkpoint has been described that arrests cells in G1 following inappropriate exit from mitosis in the presence of microtubule inhibitors. We have here addressed the question of whether the resulting tetraploid state itself, rather than failure of spindle function or induction of spindle damage, acts as a checkpoint to arrest cells in G1. @entity12086 induces cleavage failure in cells where spindle function and chromatid segregation are both normal. Notably, we show here that nontransformed REF-52 cells arrest indefinitely in tetraploid G1 following cleavage failure. The spindle assembly checkpoint and the tetraploidization checkpoint that we describe here are likely to be equivalent. Both @entity1167 in G1 with inactive @entity15308 kinase, hypophosphorylated @entity995 protein, and elevated levels of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and cyclin E. Furthermore, both require @entity876 . We show that failure to arrest in G1 following tetraploidization rapidly results in @entity2007 . Similar tetraploid G1 arrest results have been obtained with @entity19 NIH3T3 and @entity1 IMR-90 cells. Thus, we propose that a general checkpoint control acts in G1 to recognize tetraploid cells and induce their arrest and thereby prevents the propagation of @entity2246 and the generation of @entity2007 . As such, the tetraploidy checkpoint may be a critical activity of @entity876 in its role of ensuring genomic integrity.

title: Tetraploid state induces XXXX -dependent arrest of nontransformed @entity1 cells in G1.

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['errors of late mitosis']

entities_list: @entity12086 :: ('MESH:C024794', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydrocytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['involve arrest']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: The treatment of @entity150 is in a state of evolution. With the advent of effective chemotherapy, multimodal treatment planning is needed to ensure the best results. This requires the participation of the urologist, medical oncologist, radiologist, and radiation therapist in order to determine the optimal treatment strategy for each @entity1 . Currently, radical cystectomy should be considered standard therapy. Neoadjuvant or true adjuvant chemotherapy are still investigational. Randomized trials should be designed to define those @entity1 who will benefit from combined modality therapy, the sequence in which it should proceed, and its impact on disease-free and total survival. Certain principles in @entity1 management require emphasis. 1. The @entity1 must be carefully staged prior to treatment and later restaged thoroughly; whenever possible pathologic confirmation is recommended. Following chemotherapy, all sites of measurable and evaluable disease should be reassessed. @entity1 with residual masses may have only @entity82 , or microscopic @entity5 , and complete resection may result in prolonged disease-free survival. 2. Cystectomy after chemotherapy appears to be indicated when this is the only site of disease. If a @entity1 responds systemically with a CR, but has @entity66 in the bladder, salvage cystectomy may translate into a prolonged survival. Similarly, a @entity1 who relapses in the bladder following chemotherapy should have surgery. It is unclear if @entity1 with initially unresectable disease who are downstaged (PR) to a resectable lesion should undergo surgery or be consolidated with radiation therapy. 3. Adequate renal function is needed to give optimal doses of chemotherapy. @entity1 with @entity1695 often benefit from a @entity5274 . The @entity1011 clearance may improve following urinary diversion to allow full-dose chemotherapy.

title: Systemic chemotherapy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['nephrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']