abstract: Lumbar zygapophyseal joints have long been considered a source of @entity1643 with or without leg @entity158 . The objective of this prospective study was to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of lumbar zygapophyseal joint radiofrequency denervation (RFD) followed by physical therapy, for the treatment of refractory lumbar zygapophyseal joint mediated @entity1643 secondary to lumbar zygapophyseal joint @entity603 , in baseball pitchers. @entity1 included twelve @entity3930 with a diagnosis of lumbar zygapophyseal joint @entity603 mediated @entity1643 and a subsequent difficulty in pitching. These athletes underwent a trial of treatment, including oral anti-inflammatory medication, physical therapy, osteopathic manipulations, and fluoroscopically guided intra-articular zygapophyseal joint injection utilizing @entity134 and local anesthetic agent. Failure to progress led to these athletes receiving percutaneous, fluoroscopically-guided, radiofrequency denervation of the bilateral L 4-L5 and L5-S1 zygapophyseal joints. A good response to a diagnostic medial branch block was a prerequisite for RFD treatment. In all cases, the medial branch above and below the involved level was treated. Post procedure, all athletes participated in a phased physical therapy program followed by a progressive return to pitching. Success was defined as the ability to return to pre-procedure level of baseball pitching combined with greater than 50% @entity1643 reduction. Pre- and post-RFD, Visual Analog (Numeric) Scale (VAS) and Roland-Morris (R-M) tests were administered. Ten out of 12 (83%) athletes were able to return to pitching at a level attained prior to RFD. All 12 @entity1 , experienced statistically significant @entity1643 relief, with a mean pre-RFD VAS of 8.4; mean post-RFD VAS of 1.7; mean pre-RFD R-M score of 12.3; and mean post-RFD R-M score of 22.3. In conclusion, athletes, experiencing lumbar zygapophyseal joint mediated @entity1643 secondary to zygapophyseal joint @entity603 and have failed more conservative management may benefit from radiofrequency zygapophyseal joint denervation followed by a formal rehabilitation program.

title: Role of radiofrequency denervation in lumbar zygapophyseal joint XXXX : a clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['male baseball pitchers']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['synovitis in baseball pitchers']


abstract: Dual-lumen Dacron-cuffed silicone hemodialysis catheters placed percutaneously under fluoroscopic control have been used by us in 200 @entity1 since July 1986. A total of 246 catheters were placed in 4 years, of which 172 were for long-term hemodialysis in place of prosthetic tube bridge arteriovenous shunts. One-year catheter survival estimate by Kaplan-Meier life table was 57 per cent, and mean survival estimate was 16.3 months. There were a combined 76 @entity1 years of catheter experience, with some catheters lasting as long as 2 1/2 years. Catheter @entity715 occurred in 92 catheters, but 83 per cent of cases responded to thrombolytic therapy. There were exit site infections with thirty-nine catheters, but 90 per cent resolved with antibiotic therapy. Twenty-two @entity2259 occurred with 19 catheters, which resulted in 15 catheter removals. The remaining seven cases of @entity2259 responded to antibiotic therapy without catheter removal. Subclavian vein or superior vena cava @entity715 has not been a problem. @entity1346 catheters are a practical alternative to prosthetic tube bridge arteriovenous shunts for long-term hemodialysis.

title: Percutaneously placed dual-lumen XXXX catheters for long-term hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'bacteremias']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence of early @entity86 after civilian injuries to the spleen, colon, or both and assess the effect of splenectomy on outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective study of case notes. SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECTS: 403 @entity1 of whom 353 had @entity130 , 91 with associated @entity1049 , together with 50 randomly selected @entity1 with @entity1049 alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: 45 @entity1 had splenectomy and @entity1049 (group 1), 46 had a @entity1049 and the spleen conserved (group 2) 50 had @entity1049 alone (group 3), 143 had splenectomy for injured spleen without @entity1049 (group 4), and 119 had the spleen injured and conserved without @entity1049 (group 5). Their mean age was 28 years. Overall mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 30.1, and @entity1661 Index (ATI) 22.4. 68/403 died (17%), more than half within 48 hours. Early mortality was higher in both groups in which the spleen was removed but after stratification by ISS and ATI the differences were not significant. Late mortality (after 48 hours) associated with @entity295 did not differ significantly among the groups, nor did the rate of infective complications. Mechanism and severity of injury had the most influence on morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: Removal of an injured spleen does not have an adverse influence on the incidence of serious infective complications in the early postoperative period in @entity1 with injuries to the spleen, the colon, or both.

title: The influence of splenectomy on infective morbidity after colonic and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injuries']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal Trauma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic injury', 'colonic injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the genetic findings, demographic features and clinical presentation of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity1 from the Eurofever/EUROTRAPS international registry. METHODS: A web-based registry collected retrospective data on @entity1 with @entity10736 sequence variants and inflammatory symptoms. Participating hospitals included paediatric rheumatology centres and adult centres with a specific interest in @entity8649 . Cases were independently validated by experts in the disease. RESULTS: Complete information on 158 validated @entity1 was available. The most common @entity10736 variant was @entity16103 (34% of cases), followed by @entity51069 (10%). @entity462 residues were disrupted in 27% of cases, accounting for 39% of sequence variants. A family history was present in 19% of @entity1 with @entity16103 and 64% of those with other variants. The median age at which symptoms began was 4.3 years but 9.1% of @entity1 presented after 30 years of age. Attacks were recurrent in 88% and the commonest features associated with the pathogenic variants were @entity221 (88%), limb @entity158 (85%), @entity490 (74%), @entity1910 (63%) and eye manifestations (45%). Disease associated with @entity16103 presented slightly later at a median of 5.7 years with significantly less @entity1910 and more @entity10 . @entity1 were more likely than adults to present with @entity3329 , periorbital @entity4 and @entity490 . @entity2783 has developed in 16 (10%) @entity1 at a median age of 43 years. CONCLUSIONS: In this, the largest reported case series to date, the genetic heterogeneity of @entity5 is accompanied by a variable phenotype at presentation. @entity1 had a median 70 symptomatic days a year, with @entity221 , limb and @entity490 and @entity1910 the commonest symptoms. Overall, there is little evidence of a significant effect of age or genotype on disease features at presentation.

title: The phenotype of TNF receptor-associated XXXX ( @entity5 ) at presentation: a series of 158 cases from the Eurofever/EUROTRAPS international registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['Cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['rash or eye signs', 'rash']

entities_list: @entity51069 :: ('p|SUB|T|50|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T50M']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TRAPS', 'tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated autoinflammatory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16103 :: ('p|SUB|R|92|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R92Q']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AA amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pains', 'abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity8649 :: ('MESH:D056660', 'Disease') :: ['autoinflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity8649 :: (MESH:D056660,Disease) :: ['autoinflammatory syndrome']


abstract: @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) is a heterogeneous group of @entity5 predisposition @entity751 caused by germline mutations in at least four different mismatch repair genes. @entity4309 @entity1 are prone to the development of @entity189 of the intestinal tract and other specific sites. Identification of presumptive @entity4309 @entity1 is primarily based on a positive family history of @entity14 in at least two generations. In the course of mutation screening of the @entity6756 and @entity4311 genes in @entity1 manifesting a @entity5 spectrum before the age of 45 years, we identified a germline @entity4311 @entity44983 frameshift mutation in a male proband. This index @entity1 , at the age of 25 years, initially developed a large rectal adenoma that was removed by polypectomy. Ten years later he was operated on for an invasive right sided @entity694 in the caecum (International Union Against @entity5 (UICC) stage III). The mother and father, aged 61 and 66 years, respectively, were healthy and had no family history of @entity14 . Subsequent molecular analyses excluded the germinal @entity4311 @entity44983 alteration identified in their son and at the same time paternity was confirmed with a set of informative polymorphic markers. Thus, the @entity74 identified in our @entity1 definitely represented a de novo germline mutation in one of the major @entity4309 genes. This case report of a @entity1 with @entity14 at a relatively young age with no family history is intended to encourage mutation screening of the @entity4311 and @entity6756 genes in similar cases to find out whether this group of @entity1 contains an increased proportion of de novo mutations in mismatch repair genes.

title: A proven de novo germline mutation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer', 'HNPCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the HNPCC tumour', 'Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['syndromes']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['HNPCC']


abstract: The @entity2785 ( @entity2785 ) include well-differentiated @entity5 (WDNETs) and poorly differentiated @entity3270 (PDNECs). Whereas PDNECs are highly lethal, with @entity3852 somewhat of an exception, WDNETs exhibit a range of "indolent" biologic potentials-from benign to widely metastatic and eventually fatal. Within each of these 2 groups there is substantial morphologic overlap. In the metastatic setting, the site of origin of a WDNET has significant prognostic and therapeutic implications. In the @entity1489 must be distinguished from spread of a visceral PDNEC. This review intends to prove the thesis that determining the site of origin of a NEN is clinically vital and that diagnostic immunohistochemistry is well suited to the task. It will begin by reviewing current World Health Organization terminology for the @entity2785 , as well as an embryologic and histologic pattern-based classification. It will present population-based data on the relative frequency and biology of WDNETs arising at various anatomic sites, including the frequency of metastases of unknown primary, and comment on limitations of contemporary imaging techniques, as a means of defining the scope of the problem. It will go on to discuss the therapeutic significance of site of origin. The heart of this review is a synthesis of data compiled from >100 manuscripts on the expression of individual markers in WDNETs and PDNECs, as regards site of origin. These include proteins that are considered "key markers" and others that are either useful "secondary markers," potentially very useful markers that need to be further vetted, or ones that are widely applied despite a lack of efficacy. It will conclude with my approach to the metastatic NEN of unknown origin.

title: Assigning site of origin in metastatic XXXX : a clinically significant application of diagnostic immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['localized Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine epithelial neoplasms', 'NENs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin, Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O157:H7 and related non-O157 STEC strains are enteric pathogens of public health concern worldwide, causing life-threatening diseases. @entity291 are considered the principal hosts and have been shown to be a source of @entity281 for both foodborne and environmental outbreaks in @entity1 . The aims of this study were to investigate risk factors associated with sporadic STEC infections in @entity1 in New Zealand and to provide epidemiological information about the source and exposure pathways. METHODS: During a national prospective case-control study from July 2011 to July 2012, any confirmed case of STEC @entity281 notified to regional public health units, together with a random selection of controls intended to be representative of the national demography, were interviewed for risk factor evaluation. Isolates from each case were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion (SBI) typing. RESULTS: Questionnaire data from 113 eligible cases and 506 controls were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Statistically significant animal and environmental risk factors for @entity1 STEC infections were identified, notably ' @entity291 livestock present in meshblock' (the smallest geographical unit) (odds ratio 1.89, 95% CI 1.04-3.42), 'Contact with animal manure' (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.12-3.90), and 'Contact with recreational waters' (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.30-6.70). No food-associated risk factors were identified as sources of STEC @entity281 . @entity526 O157:H7 caused 100/113 (88.5%) of clinical STEC infections in this study, and 97/100 isolates were available for molecular analysis. PFGE profiles of isolates revealed three distinctive clusters of genotypes, and these were strongly correlated with SBI type. The variable 'Island of residence' (North or South Island of New Zealand) was significantly associated with PFGE genotype (p   =   0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings implicate environmental and animal contact, but not food, as significant exposure pathways for sporadic STEC infections in @entity1 in New Zealand. Risk factors associated with beef and dairy @entity291 suggest that ruminants are the most important sources of STEC @entity281 . Notably, outbreaks of STEC infections are rare in New Zealand and this further suggests that food is not a significant exposure pathway.

title: A prospective case-control and molecular epidemiological study of @entity1 cases of Shiga toxin-producing XXXX in New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Current diagnostic pathways for @entity1151 are complex and involve multiple tests. Clinicians await a single diagnostic modality that accurately rules in or out @entity1151 and also provides additional diagnostic and prognostic information. Multislice computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (msCTPA) might be that test. msCTPA has good outcomes using current reference standards and can be used as a stand alone test in low risk @entity1 . Additional leg vein imaging should still be performed for higher-risk @entity1 . CT venography performed immediately after msCTPA has sufficient sensitivity and specificity for proximal @entity1150 to allow a single scan to rule out @entity1211 in most @entity1 . Up to 40% of @entity1 have important alternative diagnoses seen on msCTPA. Right ventricular measurements may be calculated from msCTPA data and provide prognostic information for @entity1 with severe PE. This may replace the need for echocardiography in the future. msCTPA provides a safe single radiological investigation for diagnosing PE for most @entity1 , after risk stratification and D-dimer testing. A pathway is provided for msCTPA use in the management of PE in the @entity2613 .

title: Multislice computed tomographic pulmonary angiography for diagnosing XXXX in the emergency department: has the 'one-stop shop' arrived?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity355 predisposes individuals to @entity418 , which develops from intermediate stages of tissue @entity1141 primarily in the vicinity of the gastroesophageal junction. Understanding the cellular and molecular events in the progression of @entity355 to @entity420 may contribute to its early diagnosis and treatment. Mutation and overexpression of the @entity5 suppressor @entity876 have previously been observed in Barrett high grade @entity1141 and @entity420 . The expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CdK) inhibitor @entity994 can be up-regulated by @entity876 , resulting in the down-regulation of cell division at the G(1)/S-phase transition. The current study examined the correlation between the expression of @entity994 and @entity876 by quantifying their levels during the progression of @entity1141 and @entity420 in Barrett esophageal tissues. METHODS: Barrett esophageal tissue samples that were negative or indefinite for @entity1141 , contained @entity1141 , and contained @entity420 were examined by immunohistochemistry. Paraffin embedded sections of lining and glandular epithelia were adsorbed with primary murine antibodies against @entity1 @entity994 or @entity876 followed by horseradish peroxidase secondary antibody. An immunoreactivity score for each primary antibody and section was obtained by multiplying a staining intensity factor by the percent of positively stained cells. RESULTS: Nuclear @entity994 expression was detectable immunohistochemically in @entity355 that was negative for @entity1141 , but it was significantly elevated (P </= 0.05) in tissues scored as indefinite for @entity1141 , positive for low grade or high grade @entity1141 , and positive for @entity420 . Importantly, @entity876 expression did not parallel @entity994 expression. @entity876 levels were low in the early stages of @entity355 and were increased in high grade @entity1141 and @entity420 . There were no differences in @entity994 or @entity876 levels between glandular and lining epithelia in Barrett tissue throughout the histologic stages of neoplastic progression evaluated in this study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity994 expression in Barrett tissue scored as indefinite for @entity1141 or low grade @entity1141 was significantly elevated relative to @entity876 expression. Elevated levels of @entity994 were also observed in high grade @entity1141 and @entity420 , in which they do not appear to be effective in down-regulating cell division. Analysis of @entity994 and @entity876 expression may aid in the evaluation of tissue abnormalities in @entity355 .

title: Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) and XXXX @entity5 suppressor in dysplastic progression and @entity420 in @entity355 .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['Barrett esophagus', 'Barrett dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: We sought to analyze factors that affect the engraftment kinetics following autotransplantation with PBPC mobilized by filgrastim ( @entity1261 ). Forty-six consecutive pediatric @entity1 with @entity1583 (n = 23) or solid @entity5 (n = 23) underwent autologous PBPC transplantation after myeloablative therapy. PBPC were mobilized using @entity1261 alone. All @entity1 received @entity1261 after PBPC infusion. Factors potentially influencing the neutrophil and platelet engraftment were examined using univariate and multivariate analysis. All @entity1 experienced rapid hematopoietic recovery, with a median of 9 days (range 7-15) to achieve a neutrophil count of 0.5 x 10(9)/L and a median of 15 days (range 9-37) to achieve a platelet count of 20 x 10(9)/L. The most important predictive factor of both platelet (p = 0.002) and neutrophil (p = 0.0001) recovery was the number of @entity2280 + cells infused. @entity1 receiving > or =5 x 10(6)/kg @entity2280 + cells had a more rapid hematopoietic recovery (p < 0.001) than those receiving a lower cell dose. The @entity2280 + cell dose is the most important predictive factor for engraftment kinetics after PBPC transplantation. Although a minimal @entity2280 + cell dose could not be defined, a dose > or =5 x 10(6)/kg @entity2280 + cells may be optimal to ensure rapid neutrophil and platelet recovery.

title: Analysis of engraftment kinetics in pediatric XXXX undergoing autologous PBPC transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The pre-operative embolization of hypervascular @entity5 is often performed to decrease intraoperative @entity190 and facilitate @entity5 resection; however, few studies have been published on its effectiveness in @entity2967 ( @entity2967 ) of the sacrum and spine. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the value of surgical excision with pre-operative transarterial embolization for GCTs of the sacrum and spine, and to evaluate the follow-up outcomes. A retrospective study was performed on 28 @entity1 with GCTs of the sacrum and spine, who underwent surgical treatment combined with pre-operative transarterial embolization between June 1995 and August 2011. The intraoperative @entity190 , transfusion, duration of surgery, treatment, local recurrence, complications, follow-up status and functional outcome were reviewed. The average follow-up period was 86.3 months (range, 12-193 months). All the @entity1 were treated with intralesional resection without any intraoperative shock or fatalities. The average intraoperative level of @entity190 was 1,528.6 ml (range, 400-5,800 ml), the average transfusion volume was 1,514.3 ml (range, 400-6,000 ml) and the average duration of surgery was 225.4 min (range, 120-470 min). In total, eight (28.6%) @entity1 developed recurrence and two @entity1 succumbed. A total of eight (28.6%) @entity1 experienced complications and 24 (85.7%) retained normal neurological function. @entity887 significantly decreases intraoperative @entity190 and facilitates the maximal @entity5 . @entity887 followed by intralesional resection is able to achieve satisfactory local control and clinical outcomes. It is an effective technique for excising GCTs of the sacrum and spine.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX of the sacrum and spine combined with pre-operative transarterial embolization.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'spinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors', 'GCT']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Pre-operative embolization']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the rotator interval of @entity1 on long-term hemodialysis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the presence of @entity2585 and to correlate these findings with shoulder motions. METHODS: Seventeen shoulders in 16 @entity1 (mean age, 53.8 years) on hemodialysis (range of duration, 4-28 years) who had @entity158 and limited range of shoulder motion underwent MRI. Rotator interval was inspected in 3 regions (subcoracoid area, above the subscapularis muscle, and around the biceps tendon) on sagittal magnetic resonance images with regard to increased nonfatty soft tissue intensity as none, mild, moderate, and marked. Magnetic resonance images were evaluated by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists with consensus. Ranges of motion for external and internal rotation and abduction and forward flexion were assessed either normal or mildly, moderately, and severely limited. RESULTS: Increased nonfatty soft tissue intensity within the rotator interval fat was observed in 11 shoulders (65%). Very strong positive correlation was found between the limitation of external rotation and the presence of nonfatty soft tissue infiltrating all 3 areas of the rotator interval fat (rs, between 0.81 and 0.96; P < 0.001). Strong positive correlation was found between the hemodialysis duration and the presence of nonfatty soft tissue infiltrating all 3 areas of the rotator interval fat (rs, between 0.68 and 0.71; P <or= 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term hemodialysis results in @entity2585 -like MRI findings in the shoulder joint with nonfatty soft tissue infiltration in the rotator interval that is related to hemodialysis duration. The degree of MRI obliteration of the rotator interval fat strongly correlates with the range limitation of some shoulder motions.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the rotator interval in XXXX on long-term hemodialysis: correlation with the range of shoulder motions.

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive capsulitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of microwave balloon angioplasty in sealing @entity4066 and to characterize the histologic features associated with this intervention. BACKGROUND: Coronary dissection accompanying @entity384 is frequently associated with abrupt closure and acute @entity63 complications. Effective management of this complication remains an active area of investigation. Because thermal energy is effective in welding separated @entity731 , a microwave-based catheter system that provides controlled local heating was utilized in vessels with angioplasty-induced dissections. METHODS: Iliac artery dissections were induced in ahypercholesterolemic @entity95 model. Vessels were randomly assigned to treatment with @entity661 (control vessels) or microwave balloon angioplasty using an average temperature of 80 degrees C. The response of the artery was assessed angiographically and histologically. RESULTS: Angiographic success, defined as a reduction of dissection length by > 50% or the resolution of lumen haziness, was achieved in 63% of microwave-treated vessels and in 16% of control vessels (p < 0.005). Dissection length (mean +/- SD) was reduced 8.0 +/- 4.8 mm in microwave-treated vessels compared with 0.1 +/- 7.9 mm in vessels receiving standard balloon inflations (p < 0.005). Cellular @entity39 was more commonly observed in microwave-treated vessels than in control vessels (73% vs. 17%, p < 0.05), but less intraluminal @entity715 was seen in vessels exposed to microwave energy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Microwave balloon angioplasty is more effective than @entity661 in sealing @entity4066 in this model and appears to be less thrombogenic in these markedly disrupted vessels.

title: Microwave balloon angioplasty effectively seals @entity4066 in an XXXX @entity95 model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['routine balloon inflations', 'standard balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dissections']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: @entity298 is the first cause of @entity204 after surgery for @entity5 , with a mean survival of 7 months. In selected @entity1 , aggressive cytoreductive therapy combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy my improve medium to long-term survival. Over the period from 2004 to January 2006, 86 @entity1 were operated on for @entity298 at the Division of Surgical Oncology, Forli, Italy. Thirteen of them were submitted to hyperthermic chemotherapy. The authors present their preliminary experience with the treatment of @entity14 by 30-min hyperthermic (41.5-42 degrees C intraperitoneal perfusion with @entity901 (400 mg/sq.m.) and intravenous @entity1487 (400 mg/sq.m.) after complete cytoreductive surgery. The average surgical time was 606 min (range: 380-765). No intraoperative complications occurred, but 4 cases of major postoperative morbidity were reported, one of which requiring surgery. One @entity1 died 5 months postoperatively due to lung metastases. The remaining @entity1 are alive and free from @entity6378 .

title: [Preliminary experience with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemo-perfusion with XXXX for the treatment of @entity298 due to @entity14 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cancer']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'Peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: Inhibitors of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) re-uptake have generally been successful in inducing modest but statistically significant @entity353 in clinical trials. @entity837 is a new, highly selective inhibitor of 5HT re-uptake. It is effective and safe in relieving major @entity308 at doses up to 60 mg daily. In our study, 72 severely @entity28 subjects (BMI > 44 kg/m2) were instructed in a 4500 kJ @entity1735 -rich (50%) diet. The initial two week run-in diet+placebo period was followed by a 12 week double-blind period of diet+ @entity837 or placebo. There were seven withdrawals during the initial two weeks. Of the remaining 65 @entity1 , 45 were randomized to 60 mg @entity837 daily and 20 received placebo. A trend towards a higher frequency of @entity390 at week 6 was noted in the @entity837 group. Weight loss during the initial two weeks was 2.01 kg. In the following 12 weeks, mean weight loss was 3.78 kg in the @entity837 group vs. 2.64 kg in the placebo group (P = 0.29), reductions occurring almost entirely during the initial four weeks of the treatment period. We conclude that @entity837 is of no clinical value in the treatment of @entity28 when added to a 4500 kJ diet.

title: Treatment of severe XXXX with a highly selective @entity750 re-uptake inhibitor as a supplement to a low calorie diet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reductions']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['Citalopram', 'citalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5HT', 'serotonin']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of breast conservation therapy in the management of early-stage @entity0 . DESIGN: We reviewed the results of previously published trials and summarized 165 cases of breast conservation surgical procedures and irradiation at the Mayo Clinic between January 1979 and September 1989. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From the prior clinical trials, the criteria for selection of @entity1 , the surgical and radiation techniques used, the complications of treatment, the cosmetic results, and the follow-up assessment and survival were analyzed. The 165 Mayo @entity1 were also characterized, and their results were described. RESULTS: Breast conservation therapy consists of excision of the @entity5 followed by irradiation. A coordinated multidisciplinary approach should be used for selection of @entity1 . Several large-scale clinical trials have demonstrated that breast conservation therapy is an appropriate option for most @entity1 with @entity0 and provides @entity5 control and survival rates equivalent to mastectomy. With a collaborative treatment program and judicious application of contemporary standards of practice, a good-to-excellent cosmetic outcome can be achieved in most @entity1 , and the risk of treatment-related sequelae is minimal. The Mayo Clinic experience with breast conservation therapy is consistent with these observations and compares favorably with other institutional and clinical trial results. CONCLUSION: @entity1 should be fully educated about the options for primary management of @entity0 because the selection of therapy may profoundly influence psychologic adjustment and acceptance of the treatment program.

title: Breast conservation therapy for XXXX : a review of prior trials and the Mayo Clinic experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) from the 12-lead ECG has been widely adopted as a noninvasive index of dispersion of ventricular repolarization (DVR). @entity1162 , however, has never been validated by direct comparison with myocardial DVR in the @entity1 heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: Monophasic action potential (MAP) recordings obtained in an earlier study were retrospectively matched with 12-lead ECGs available from within 24 hours of the invasive procedure. MAPs were available from an average of 8+/-3 left endocardial sites in 4 @entity1 with @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and 7 @entity1 with normal ECGs, and 6+/-2 epicardial sites in 3 @entity1 of each group during normal ventricular activation. Local @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was determined as MAP duration at 90% repolarization plus the local activation time. Dispersion of @entity1054 was calculated as the difference between the earliest and latest @entity1054 . ECGs were digitized and analyzed with recently described interactive @entity1162 analysis software. In addition to standard @entity1162 (defined as QTmax-QTmin), all currently proposed ECG dispersion variables were compared and correlated with the invasive measurements of DVR. @entity1162 exhibited a reasonable correlation with dispersion of @entity1054 (R = 0.67; P < 0.01). Several other variables designed to measure DVR exhibited a similar, but not better, correlation. Among them, the QT peak/QT end ratio in V3 (R = -0.72; P < 0.01) and averaged over all analyzable leads (R = -0.59; P < 0.01) exhibited a good correlation with dispersion of @entity1054 , which was further improved when endocardial measurements were considered alone. T area measures did not correlate with dispersion of @entity1054 , but discriminated @entity4346 . CONCLUSION: DVR can be assessed by means of a 12-lead surface ECG. Several of the variables under study exhibit a similar accuracy in determination of true myocardial dispersion of repolarization. Variables involving the terminal part of repolarization, such as the QT peak/QT ratio, even from a single lead, may add to the determination of DVR from the @entity1 heart.

title: Comparison of ECG variables of dispersion of ventricular repolarization with direct myocardial repolarization measurements in the XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT dispersion', 'QTD']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'repolarization time']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity1 impact of chemotherapy-induced @entity1665 (CIA) is high. Scalp cooling is applied to reduce CIA. The potential optimum post-infusion cooling times (PICTs) are currently unknown. METHODS: Scalp cooling was applied in 53 @entity1 receiving @entity1205 chemotherapy with 90-min PICT (observational part). Also 15 non-scalp-cooled @entity1 were included. If hair preservation was observed in >80 % of the @entity1 , randomisation between 45 and 90-min PICT was planned. @entity1 reported tolerance of scalp cooling and use of head covering. RESULTS: Observational study: 81 % of scalp-cooled @entity1 did not require head covering versus 27 % of non-scalp-cooled @entity1 . Randomised study: 79 % of 38 @entity1 with 90-min PICT did not need head covering versus 95 % of 38 @entity1 with 45-min PICT (p = 0.04). Scalp cooling was very well tolerated (visual analogue scale = 79). CONCLUSION: A 45-min PICT can be recommended in 3-weekly @entity1205 regimens with a dose of 75 or 100 mg/m(2), administered in 60 min. The shorter PICT is a major advantage in time investment for @entity1 . @entity1 ( @entity1 and @entity1 ) who receive @entity1205 , except combined with @entity632 and @entity786 (taxotere, @entity632 and @entity786 (TAC)) should be informed about the protective effect and high tolerability of scalp cooling in avoiding CIA.

title: Short post-infusion scalp cooling time in the prevention of @entity1205 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['alopecia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study seasonal variations in self-rated health and @entity308 in adolescent @entity1 and possible differences in reported health with regard to use of medications. METHOD: The SF-36 questionnaire was completed by 1250 @entity1 with a mean age of 17 years, who visited a health centre in the course of one year. From January to July inclusive, @entity308 in 453 of the @entity1 were also assessed using MADRS-S. Age and regular medication data were recorded. RESULTS: Significantly better mental health and @entity308 were reported during the summer, than in winter months. Seasonality was more related to the SF-36 mental, than physical health subscales. Respondents treated with hormonal contraceptives (HCs) only and those not taking any medication scored better on several SF-36 subscales, than girls on antidepressives and other medications. Respondents taking HCs tended to report better physical health and @entity308 on MADRS-S than those taking no medication. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent @entity1 showed seasonal variations in self-reported health and @entity308 , with more symptoms during winter months. HC users tended to report better physical health and @entity308 than those on no medication. The high prevalence of suspected @entity308 during the winter months deserves attention.

title: Self-reported health in adolescent XXXX varies according to the season and its relation to medication and hormonal contraception--a descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['less depressive symptoms', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Once aprotinin was no longer available for clinical use,   - @entity7115 ( @entity930 ) and @entity927 became the only two options for antifibrinolytic therapy. We compared aprotinin and @entity930 with respect to their blood-sparing efficacy and other major clinical outcome criteria in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from a large consecutive cohort of @entity1 (n=227) aged 31-365 days undergoing primary cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass encompassing the transition from aprotinin to @entity930 (aprotinin n=88, @entity930 n=139); all other aspects including the medical team and departmental protocols remained unchanged. The primary outcome was postoperative @entity190 measured as chest tube output (CTO). Secondary outcome parameters were transfusion requirements, reoperation due to @entity548 , @entity455 , and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: CTO was significantly higher in the @entity930 @entity1 {aprotinin 18 (13-27) ml kg(-1) 24 h(-1), @entity930 23 (15-37) ml kg(-1) 24 h(-1) [mean (inter-quartile range)], P=0.001}, but transfusion requirements and donor exposures were not significantly different. A sensitivity analysis strengthened our finding that the increased @entity190 in the @entity930 group was attributable to lower efficacy of @entity930 . There were no significant differences in the other clinical outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: CTO was lower in aprotinin-treated @entity1 . Nonetheless, @entity930 remains a suitable substitute without measurable differences in other clinical outcome criteria.

title: Replacement of aprotinin by   - XXXX in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery: consequences for @entity190 and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renal, vascular, and neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7115 :: ('MESH:D000614', 'Chemical') :: ['aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity7115 :: (MESH:D000614,Chemical) :: ['aminocaproic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of various screening tests for detecting genital @entity1082 ) in a community-based population and to determine the prevalence of @entity75 on colposcopically directed biopsies in @entity1 found to have HPV by any screening test. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of 208 female @entity1 screened for HPV by clinical examination, Papanicolaou test, dot blot hybridization test (ViraPap, Digene Inc, @entity575 Spring, Md), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. All @entity1 with abnormal or positive results by any method were offered colposcopic evaluation. SETTING: Two community-based family practice offices in southeastern Michigan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence of HPV as determined by each test and results of colposcopic biopsies (gold standard) in @entity1 who had HPV identified by any test. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1083 was 20.3% by PCR analysis, 3.1% by ViraPap, 3.0% by the Papanicolaou test, and 0% by clinical examination. Symptomatic @entity1 (those with complaints of @entity4 , or itching) were more likely to harbor HPV as determined by PCR analysis than were asymptomatic @entity1 (P = .03, odds ratio = 2.65). @entity1799 or 18 was found in 41% of @entity1 with positive PCR analyses and in all @entity1 with positive ViraPap tests that were typed. Colposcopy with biopsy (gold standard for the presence of @entity66 ) was performed on 34 of the 41 @entity1 who tested positive for HPV by PCR analysis. Histologic results revealed that 79.4% of these @entity1 had cervical disease: 14.6% had @entity3146 , 38.3% had @entity6205 , and 26.5% had @entity3799 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1082 as detected by PCR analysis was present in 20.3% of @entity1 in our population and was often one of the higher-risk types (16 or 18). A positive PCR analysis was predictive of cervical disease on colposcopic biopsy. The ViraPap test, Papanicolaou test, and clinical examination were insensitive measures for detecting HPV-related lesions in this population.

title: Presence of XXXX infection of the uterine cervix as determined by different detection methods in a low-risk community-based population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPV disease']

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['condyloma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal odor, swelling']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus type 16']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus', 'human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: While the persistence of socioeconomic differences in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) has been recognized for many years, less is known about whether socioeconomic factors are of importance to @entity65 before symptoms of the disease appear. In this study the associations among educational level, occupational status and progression of @entity731 were investigated in 1016 Swedish middle-aged @entity1 and @entity1 with signs of subclinical @entity731 , i.e., carotid plaque (defined as focal @entity121 ( @entity121 ) > 1.2 mm). @entity121 in the common carotid artery (CCA) and in the carotid bifurcation area, as well as carotid plaque score, was determined by B-mode ultrasound. Results showed only weak associations between educational level, occupational status and age-, sex- and baseline @entity121 -adjusted progression of @entity121 in the CCA. However, in the age, sex- and baseline @entity121 -adjusted analyses, those in unskilled manual occupations showed a significantly higher yearly progression of carotid @entity121 in the bifurcation area compared to those in high- or medium-level non-manual occupations. Those with primary education tended to show a higher yearly progression of carotid @entity121 in the bifurcation area compared to those with completed secondary education. After adjustment for risk factors, the magnitude of these associations were somewhat attenuated. Similar patterns of associations were seen for the change of carotid plaque score. We conclude that low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with progression of @entity731 in a middle-aged population with signs of subclinical @entity731 . Even though socioeconomic differences in @entity65 factor levels could explain part of the found differences in progression rate in @entity1 , the mechanisms involved remain to be further established.

title: Socioeconomic differences in the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged @entity1 and XXXX with subclinical @entity731 in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The role of @entity6370 -binding proteins (G proteins) in the @entity268 -dependent action of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and the antagonistic action of the neuropeptide @entity12927 (FMRF- @entity6346 ), mediated by the lipoxygenase metabolites of @entity1426 , was investigated in Aplysia sensory neurons. Intracellular injection of @entity13319 ( @entity3007 [gamma-S]) mimics the hyperpolarizing action of FMRF- @entity6346 due to activation of the S K+ current and alters the transient response to FMRF- @entity6346 into an irreversible (or only partially reversible) response. At higher concentrations, @entity3007 [gamma-S] occludes the response to FMRF- @entity6346 . Injection of activated pertussis toxin inhibits the response to FMRF- @entity6346 but not to @entity750 . Injection of @entity13320 inhibits the response to FMRF- @entity6346 by approximately equal to 50% and completely blocks the response to @entity750 . Three lines of evidence suggest that the FMRF- @entity6346 -activated G protein is involved at an early stage of the @entity1426 cascade, prior to the release of @entity3899 . (i) Pertussis toxin injection blocks the hyperpolarizing response to FMRF- @entity6346 but not to exogenously applied @entity1426 . (ii) Two blockers of the @entity1426 cascade inhibit the hyperpolarizing responses to both FMRF- @entity6346 and @entity3007 [gamma-S] (and unmask a @entity750 -like depolarizing response to the @entity377 ). (iii) Concentrations of @entity3007 [gamma-S] that alter the kinetics of the FMRF- @entity6346 response have no effect on the hyperpolarizing response to @entity1426 . We conclude that a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein most likely acts to couple the FMRF- @entity6346 receptor to phospholipase activation and @entity1426 release, whereas a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein couples the @entity750 receptor to adenylate cyclase.

title: Role of two different @entity6370 -binding proteins in the antagonistic modulation of the S-type K+ channel by @entity268 and XXXX metabolites in Aplysia sensory neurons.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity13320 :: ('MESH:C032829', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity12927 :: ('MESH:D019835', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity13319 :: ('CHEBI:43000', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an increasingly important focus of outcomes in @entity5 care with the movement toward more @entity1 -oriented research. Quality-of-life outcomes are important in @entity43 , which has not yet benefitted from improved survival outcomes as have other diseases. This study was designed to systematically assess and summarize HRQOL in @entity43 . METHODS: A systematic search strategy was initiated to identify published literature measuring HRQOL of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity43 ( @entity43 ). Data were synthesized to evaluate HRQOL and @entity1 -reported outcome data at various time points: before, during, and after chemotherapy. Data were pooled and summary statistics compared across published studies. Comparisons of means were conducted using analysis of variance. RESULTS: There were 170 publications meeting all eligibility criteria, representing 139 unique studies of @entity1 with @entity43 , where QOL data were collected. Within this literature, more than 90 different @entity1 -reported outcome (PRO) instruments were administered. The most common HRQOL instruments included the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy. Few studies alone demonstrated significant differences in QOL between the experimental and comparison arm or throughout the treatment period. Pooled data, however, show that baseline QOL may significantly improve, particularly after completion of chemotherapy treatment. DISCUSSION: Despite the increase in assessment and reporting of QOL in @entity43 research studies during the past 15 years, there remains little consistency in the types and format of data collected. There is a need to enhance the standardized collection and reporting of HRQOL data from research involving @entity1 with @entity43 so that research can build on the cumulative knowledge base to improve outcomes in this @entity1 population.

title: State of the science in XXXX quality of life research: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer QLQ-C30', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: A variable degree of @entity2976 has been documented in all @entity1 who have been on long-term peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis-induced @entity2976 varies from opacification and "tanning" of the peritoneum, which may have only a moderate detrimental effect on peritoneal transport kinetics, to a progressive, sclerosing encapsulating @entity298 (SEP), which may lead to cessation of peritoneal dialysis and to @entity204 . Fewer than 1% of peritoneal dialysis @entity1 develop overt SEP as manifested by combinations of @entity1321 , @entity353 , and ultrafiltration failure. The diagnosis of SEP depends on a combination of laparotomy and radiological features in suspected cases and consequently the true incidence of SEP is most likely underestimated. Several predisposing, interrelated risk factors for both peritoneal @entity82 and sclerosing encapsulating @entity298 have been identified: prolonged duration of peritoneal dialysis, history of severe or recurrent episodes of @entity298 , and higher exposure to hypertonic @entity413 -based dialysis solutions. Nevertheless, the etiology of SEP is unknown and several causal factors may simultaneously or sequentially initiate and maintain a low-grade @entity11534 that leads to uncontrolled fibroneogenesis. The high mortality rate of SEP has emphasized the need to develop preventive strategies. These strategies include early peritoneal catheter removal to avoid @entity298 , the development of more biocompatible dialysis solutions, restriction of the use of hypertonic @entity413 -based dialysis solutions during and after episodes of @entity298 , and, perhaps, limiting the duration of peritoneal dialysis in at-risk @entity1 . This approach was followed in a Japanese unit where a subgroup of all @entity1 who had been on peritoneal dialysis for more than 5 years and who had poor ultrafiltration and peritoneal @entity730 on computed tomography (CT) scan were shown to have peritoneal @entity1463 on peritoneal biopsy and were therefore electively transferred to hemodialysis. This acquired spectrum of peritoneal @entity239 syndromes leads to long-term complications in peritoneal dialysis, whereas localized fibrous adhesions secondary to prior abdominal surgery may prevent the successful initiation of peritoneal dialysis.

title: The spectrum of peritoneal XXXX syndromes in peritoneal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosing']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse peritoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['refractory peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibrosing']


abstract: @entity1 who have @entity159 have continuous or rapidly repeating @entity410 that may be life-threatening and may cause life-long changes in brain and behavior. The extent to which @entity159 causes @entity1650 is unknown. A naturalistic auditory location discrimination method was used to evaluate this question using an animal model of @entity159 . Male @entity35 were injected with saline on postnatal day (P) 20, or a convulsant dose of @entity2134 on @entity10276 or @entity7268 . @entity2134 on either day induced @entity159 ; @entity159 at @entity7268 resulted in CA3 cell loss and spontaneous @entity410 , whereas @entity10276 @entity35 had no cell loss or spontaneous @entity410 . Mature @entity35 were trained with sound-source location and sound-silence discriminations. Control (saline @entity10276 ) @entity35 acquired both discriminations immediately. In @entity159 ( @entity10276 ) @entity35 , acquisition of the sound-source location discrimination was moderately impaired. @entity159 ( @entity7268 ) @entity35 failed to acquire either sound-source location or sound-silence discriminations. @entity159 in @entity35 causes an age-dependent, long-term @entity1650 . This impairment may explain one cause of @entity1650 in @entity1 .

title: @entity2134 XXXX cause age-dependent @entity1650 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in auditory discrimination', 'impaired auditory location discrimination', 'impairment in auditory discrimination']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['Pilocarpine', 'pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'Status epilepticus']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29050 is a novel antidepressant agonist to @entity4911 and @entity13498 subtypes of melatoninergic receptors ( @entity4911 and @entity13498 ) and antagonist to @entity9330 subtype of serotonergic ( @entity9330 ) receptors, which has shown antidepressant efficacy in short-term and long-term trials as well as in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to assess the antidepressant efficacy, safety, and the influence of @entity29050 on the functioning of @entity1 in common clinical practice. METHODS: In this open-label, 8-week, multicenter, Phase IV trial, 111 @entity1 with mainly moderate to severe @entity308 (39% treatment-na  ve) were treated with @entity29050 25-50 mg/day for up to 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the mean change in total Montgomery and   sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Secondary endpoints included assessment of clinical response (defined as a reduction in total MADRS score of >= 50%), and change in Clinical Global Impression scales, Global Assessment of Functioning scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, and CircScreen sleep questionnaire scores. Safety and tolerability were also monitored. RESULTS: Of the 111 @entity1 enrolled, 94 completed the study. The total MADRS score significantly decreased by the first week of treatment and continued to decline significantly until study completion, with an estimated mean change of 3.9    3.9 and 17.2    8.0 at the first and eighth week of the study (last observation carried forward analyses). All other secondary endpoints significantly improved from early treatment evaluation to study completion. A clinical response was observed in 14.1% of @entity1 after the first week, rising to 74.5% of @entity1 at study completion. There were 31 spontaneously reported adverse events in 17 @entity1 , and most were mild to moderate in severity. CONCLUSION: This study showed good short-term efficacy for @entity29050 in outpatients with major @entity308 episodes. Treatment with @entity29050 achieved early and consistent responses for symptoms of @entity308 and other dimensions of clinical and functional status. @entity29050 achieved significant improvements in daily functioning of @entity1 , and had good tolerability. Clinically, no hepatic events were observed.

title: @entity29050 as monotherapy for major XXXX : an outpatient, open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity29050 :: ('MESH:C084711', 'Chemical') :: ['agomelatine', 'Agomelatine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate keratocyte apoptosis and polymorphonuclear ( @entity6415 ) cell infiltration to the @entity2687 after mechanical epithelial scraping and chemical de-epithelialization with 18% @entity1068 solution. METHODS: Twelve New Zealand Albino @entity95 (24 eyes) were randomly divided into three groups. Group A was the control group with no epithelial removal. Group B underwent a 7.5-mm mechanical epithelial removal with a blunt spatula. Group C underwent 7.5-mm chemical de-epithelialization with 18% @entity1068 -balanced salt solution. Corneas were stained with terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 -digoxigenin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay after 24 h. Only nuclear staining in keratocytes was counted. @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ) leukocyte densities were also assessed by light microscopy. RESULTS: Mechanical de-epithelialization (group B) and chemical de-epithelialization with 18% @entity1068 (group C) showed no difference in keratocyte apoptosis compared with the control group. There was also no difference between groups B and @entity20844 showed no difference in @entity6415 leukocyte counts compared with the control group. But the number of @entity6415 leukocytes observed in group C was significantly higher than those encountered in the corneas of the control group (P < 0.05) and group B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dilute @entity167 induces more @entity6415 cell infiltration when compared with mechanical de-epithelialization although there is no difference in the apoptosis rates.

title: Effect of mechanical vs dilute XXXX epithelial removal on keratocyte apoptosis and polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration.

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['Polymorphonuclear', 'PMN']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Previous reports suggest that sex differences may exist in dreaming under anesthesia, but their results were inconclusive. The current study explored sex differences in the incidence and content of dreams during short propofol sedation for upper @entity344 and investigated whether sex differences or dream content affect @entity1 satisfaction with sedation. A total of 200 @entity1 (100 @entity1 and 100 @entity1 ) undergoing upper @entity344 participated in this study. @entity1 were interviewed with the modified Brice questionnaire about the incidence and the content of dreams, and satisfaction with sedation was assessed. The results showed that the incidence of dreaming was significantly higher in @entity1 (31%) than in @entity1 (17%) (P=0.02), but recovery time was similar. In @entity1 , 45% (14/31) of dreamers reported positive emotional content and only 6% (2/31) reported negative emotional content. In contrast, in @entity1 , 18% (3/17) reported positive and 29% (5/17) reported negative content (P=0.04). @entity1 reported dreams that were more vivid, meaningful, familiar, and memorable (P<0.01). No significant sex differences were observed in the emotional intensity of dreams, and emotional content did not influence @entity1 ' satisfaction. In sum, sex differences existed in dreaming during short propofol sedation despite similar recovery time and matching in terms of age. @entity1 reported dreaming more frequently and had a higher incidence of recall for their dream narratives. In particular, @entity1 reported significantly more positive emotional content, less negative emotional content, and more meaningful content. Dreamer satisfaction with sedation was not influenced by sex or dream content.

title: Sex differences in dreaming during short propofol sedation for upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']


abstract: A prospective, randomized, non-blind comparison of sequential intravenous/oral @entity2177 with parenteral @entity5505 as treatment for serious infections of the skin and skin structure caused by susceptible gram-negative organisms was conducted. For mixed gram-positive or anaerobic infections, concurrent therapy with @entity2176 or anti-anaerobic agents was used. The mean duration of therapy was 25 days for the 32 evaluable @entity2177 -treated @entity1 and 19 days for the 19 evaluable @entity5505 -treated @entity1 . Overall response was "cure" in 24 of 32 (75 percent) @entity2177 -treated @entity1 and 11 of 19 (58 percent) @entity5505 -treated @entity1 (0.01 less than p less than 0.05). @entity2177 eradicated 36 of 46 (78 percent) pathogens and @entity5505 21 of 29 (72 percent) pathogens. Superinfections occurred in nine of 32 (28 percent) @entity2177 @entity1 and in two of 19 (11 percent) @entity5505 @entity1 (0.01 less than p less than 0.05). Adverse reactions requiring cessation of therapy occurred in two of 32 (6 percent) @entity2177 @entity1 and in one of 19 (5 percent) @entity5505 @entity1 . There was one death in each group; neither was due to the infection or antimicrobial therapy. @entity281 was a significant risk factor for failure in both groups. @entity2177 was as effective and safe as @entity5505 for serious infections of the skin and skin structure.

title: Intravenous/oral XXXX versus intravenous @entity5505 in the treatment of serious gram-negative infections of the skin and skin structure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the results of @entity379 release assays (IGRAs) and @entity272 ( @entity272 ) performed to detect latent @entity378 (LTBI) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Interferon-y release assays and @entity272 test results were summarized and systematically reviewed. RESULTS: Four hundred and five @entity309 @entity1 and 339 controls that underwent IGRA and/or @entity272 were identified in seven studies. Five studies were case-control studies and two were cross-sectional studies. Among @entity309 @entity1 , the IGRA positivity rate was 31.6% (89/282; range 11.4%-44.6%), and the @entity272 positivity rate was 23.0% (78/339; range from 14.60% to 45%). Concordance rates ranged from 40% to 76% and discordance rates from 24% to 29.7%. Agreement between IGRAs and @entity272 in @entity309 was poor (69.6%, k = 0.33, 95% CI 0.188-0.478). The IGRA positivity rate was 31.0% in @entity309 and 40.0% in controls, which was not significant (relative risk [RR] 0.802, 95% CI 0.629-1.023, P = 0.075). The @entity272 positivity rate was 24.7% in @entity309 and 50.5% in controls, and this difference was not significant (RR 0.680, 95% CI 0.331-1.339, P = 0.295). CONCLUSIONS: Positivity rates of IGRA and @entity272 were 31.6 and 23.0%, respectively, in @entity309 @entity1 . Agreement between IGRA and @entity272 results in @entity309 was poor. Our data suggest that both IGRA and @entity272 are needed to detect LTBI in @entity309 .

title: @entity379 release assays versus tuberculin skin testing in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculin skin tests', 'TST']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The Nc-Spain 7 isolate of Neospora caninum, which was newly obtained from an asymptomatic @entity281 @entity291 , demonstrated a similar virulence as Nc-1 strain in @entity19 models. The aim of this study was to characterize the pathogenesis of Nc-Spain 7 isolate in @entity291 after experimental @entity281 at 65 days of gestation. For this purpose, thirteen pregnant heifers were divided into three groups as follows: group A: 7 heifers inoculated with 1   10(8) tachyzoites of Nc-Spain 7 isolate; group B: 4 heifers inoculated with 1   10(8) tachyzoites of Nc 1 strain; and group C: 2 heifers received PBS. Serum samples were collected weekly and heparinized blood samples were collected three times (0, 28 and 42 days after inoculation) by jugular venipuncture. Placenta and fetal tissue samples were collected at time of necropsy. Specific antibody response in the dams was tested by IFAT, indirect ELISA, and rNcGRA7 and rNcSAG4 based-ELISA. Specific antibody response in fetal fluids was tested by IFAT. IFN-y production was measured after in vitro culture of PBMC and the supernatant was assessed using a commercial kit (BOVIGAM). A significant increase in N. caninum antibody responses was detected in groups A and B by IFAT and by i-ELISA from day 14 after inoculation onwards. Besides, antibody response against rNCGra7 protein was also detected in all inoculated heifers by rNcGra7-based ELISA. Four fetuses from group A and one from group B were aborted between 3 and 5 weeks after @entity281 . In the recovered fetuses, only 3 out of 4 fetal fluids from fetuses of group A and 1 out of 3 of group B were seropositive by IFAT, but all of them were positive by PCR. Transplacental transmission could be determined in all fetuses from groups A and B by PCR and/or IHC. Heifers of group C and their fetuses remained negative by all techniques. The results of this study demonstrate that the NC-Spain 7 isolate could be transmitted transplacentally, and produced @entity5617 and abortion in @entity291 .

title: The Neospora caninum-Spain 7 isolate induces placental damage, @entity5617 and abortion in XXXX when inoculated in early gestation.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'congenitally infected']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our objective was to evaluate the effect of viscosity in determining the cephalad spread of @entity6513 administered by the subarachnoid route. METHODS: We studied 42 @entity1 that were randomly assigned to receive subarachnoid anaesthesia for arthroscope of the knee. They received 8 mg @entity6513 dissolved in either @entity413 10%, @entity2827 ( @entity1219 ) 5%, @entity413 5%, or @entity1219 2.5%. The specific gravity and viscosity of each solvent was also measured. Cephalad spread was defined as the level of sensory block achieved. RESULTS: The specific gravity of the @entity413 5% and the @entity1219 2.5% solutions were similar (1.0197 +/- 0.0001 vs 1.0177 +/- 0.0001 (mean +/- SD)). That was also true for the more concentrated pair of solutions (1.0385 +/- 0.0001 for @entity413 10% vs 1.0353 +/- 0.0003 in @entity1219 5%). However, the viscosities of the 10% and 5% solutions of @entity413 (0.01178 +/- 0.0002 and 0.01020 +/- 0.0002 (g.cm-1.sec-1)) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of the other two solutions, being 0.00955 +/- 0.0001 for @entity1219 5% and 0.00934 +/- 0.0002 for @entity1219 2.5%. The median maximal extent of sensory block achieved was significantly higher (P < 0.05) with a solution of @entity6513 in @entity413 10% injected into the subarachnoid space at the @entity6357 interspace than that observed in the two groups administered @entity6513 in @entity1219 . The level of sensory block 30 min after the injection of anaesthetic was; T3 [T1-6] (median [range]) with @entity413 10%, T6 [T4-10] with @entity1219 5%, T5 [T2-11] with @entity413 5%, and T5.5 [T2-11] with @entity1219 2.5%. CONCLUSION: Viscosity was shown to be one of determinants of the clinical extent of spread of a subarachnoid anaesthetic such as @entity6513 .

title: Viscosity of diluent and sensory level of subarachnoid anaesthesia achieved with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6513 :: (MESH:D013748,Chemical) :: ['tetracaine']


abstract: Inhaled @entity134 therapy is the most important treatment in the management of chronic @entity565 and currently twice-daily administration is recommended in mild to moderate @entity565 . Compliance is often a problem in asymptomatic @entity1 and may lead to reduced disease control. Our aim was to investigate whether @entity4184 0.2 mg once daily administered via the Turbuhaler is as effective as 0.1 mg twice daily. A randomized, double-blind, parallel group study was carried out in which 76 adult @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity565 (FEV1 86% of predicted) were allocated to @entity4184 once or twice daily. After a run-in period of 2 weeks on present inhaled @entity134 treatment (0.2-0.5 mg day-1) there was an 8 week treatment period, followed by a washout period in which @entity1 received no @entity134 for 4 weeks unless a drop in morning peak flow of at least 20% occurred or the use of @entity2263 -agonists increased by 50%. Both treatment groups improved minimally in peak flow (1.7 and 4.31 @entity1009 in the once-daily and twice-daily groups respectively) but the differences between the two groups were not significant. Testing the reverse hypothesis revealed clinical equivalence. The 90% confidence interval of the difference in the change of peak flow from run-in was between +30 and -30 l @entity1009 , the limits deemed to be clinically relevant. There were no differences in symptom scores, @entity2263 -agonist use or spirometry measurements between the two groups. In the washout period there was a significant deterioration in peak flow and symptoms. This study shows that 0.2 mg @entity4184 given once a day is as affective as 0.1 mg given twice daily in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity565 .

title: Once-daily XXXX in mild @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) is an @entity2 . Though it is usually responsive to therapy, be it chemotherapy or radiation, the majority of @entity1 eventually relapse and overall prognosis is dismal. New forms of therapy are, therefore, needed. @entity15108 monoclonal antibody (MAb) was developed in our laboratory and demonstrated to be highly reactive against @entity4153 . I125 radiolabeled @entity15108 antibody was administered intravenously to @entity19 bearing @entity5 xenografts. The @entity19 were sacrificed, different tissues sampled and tested for uptake of radioactivity five days following antibody injection. There was over a 30 fold increase in localization of labeled antibody to the @entity5 as compared to muscle tissue. All organs tested showed an insignificant amount of MAb (p = 0.01) including the spleen, which had the highest normal tissue uptake in these experiments. These results demonstrate that @entity15108 MAb can be successfully targeted to @entity4153 xenografts. Its potential applications for imaging and therapy of @entity4153 in @entity1 are currently under investigation.

title: Localization of radiolabeled XXXX monoclonal antibody to small-cell lung cancer tumors in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['SCCL', 'Small-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'SCCL tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive type of lung cancer']

answer: @entity15108 :: (17880(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['SM1']


abstract: The environmental association of @entity14851 with decaying wood in tropical and subtropical regions of the world is well documented. In Australia, the @entity375 appears confined to certain species of Eucalyptus or very closely related tree species. In this study, we attempted to isolate C. n. var. gattii from different gum tree species in the Blue Mountains National Park. Out of 99 samples from 9 different tree species, only 3 yielded viable @entity375 colonies; 2 were from turpentine gums (Syncarpia glomulifera) and 1 was from a decayed stump of an unknown species. All of the colonized trees occurred in close proximity in urbanized areas of the Park, and all isolates shared identical DNA fingerprinting profiles. We suggest that domestic animal vectors may be responsible for the introduction and transmission of the @entity375 in this region, but that propagation and dispersal are very limited. This study indicates that C. n. var. gattii may occur on trees and in areas that were not previously expected to host it. However, the low incidence in the Blue Mountains National Park means this @entity375 is unlikely to pose any hazards to @entity1 and animals living in or visiting this area.

title: Environmental sampling for XXXX from the Blue Mountains National Park, Sydney, Australia.

entities_list: @entity14851 :: ('552467', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii']

answer: @entity14851 :: (552467,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking, @entity167 drinking and cannabis use ("risk behaviors") are often initiated at a young age but few epidemiological studies have assessed their joined prevalence in @entity1 in developing countries. This study aims at examining the joint prevalence of these behaviors in adolescents in the Seychelles, a rapidly developing country in the Indian Ocean. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey in a representative sample of secondary school students using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire (Global Youth @entity286 Survey). The questionnaire was completed by 1,321 (92%) of 1,442 eligible students aged 11 to 17 years. Main variables of interest included smoking cigarettes on > or =1 day in the past 30 days; drinking any @entity167 beverage on > or =1 day in the past 30 days and using cannabis at least once in the past 12 months. RESULTS: In @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively, prevalence (95% CI) was 30% (26-34)/21% (18-25) for smoking, 49% (45-54)/48% (43-52) for drinking, and 17% (15-20)/8% (6-10) for cannabis use. The prevalence of all these behaviors increased with age. Smokers were two times more likely than non-smokers to drink and nine times more likely to use cannabis. Drinkers were three times more likely than non-drinkers to smoke or to use cannabis. Comparison of observed versus expected frequencies of combination categories demonstrated clustering of these risk behaviors in students (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Smoking, drinking and cannabis use were common and clustered among adolescents of a rapidly developing country. These findings stress the need for early and integrated prevention programs.

title: Clustering of smoking, XXXX drinking and cannabis use in adolescents in a rapidly developing country.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in @entity726 involves apoptosis. Activation of caspases and abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) are important events in other chronic neurodegenerations, such as @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The retinal expression and activation of caspases and the patterns of @entity4124 -mediated APP processing in ocular @entity101 models of @entity35 @entity726 were investigated. METHODS: RGC death was produced in one eye by chronic exposure to @entity2790 (IOP) or by optic nerve transection. Elevated IOP was produced by @entity3885 outflow with @entity3459 or limbal hypertonic saline injection. Caspase activity and APP processing in the retina were examined by RNase protection assay (RPA), immunocytochemistry, immunoblot assay, and colorimetric assay. RESULTS: RPA revealed elevations of @entity4124 mRNA, as well as other apoptosis-related mRNAs. Immunocytochemistry showed @entity4124 activation in RGCs damaged by @entity2790 . The generation of the @entity4124 -mediated APP cleavage product (DeltaC-APP) was also increased in ocular @entity101 RGCs. Western immunoblot assay and colorimetry revealed significantly more activated @entity4124 in ocular @entity101 retinas than in control retinas. The activated form of @entity12276 , an initiator caspase, and @entity5357 , a product of APP proteolysis and a component of @entity527 in @entity195 , were detected in RGCs by immunohistochemistry significantly more often in ocular @entity101 than in control retinas. The amounts of full-length APP were reduced and @entity5357 -containing fragments were increased in ocular @entity101 retinas by Western immunoblot assay. CONCLUSIONS: @entity35 RGCs subjected to chronic @entity2790 demonstrate caspase activation and abnormal processing of APP, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of @entity726 .

title: Caspase activation and amyloid precursor protein cleavage in @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction of aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['laser coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure', 'ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid-beta']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: We herein report the case of an idiopathic @entity409 which aggressively infiltrated the thoraco-abdominal wall. A 74-year-old @entity1 who had a huge @entity5409 in her right hepatic lobe was transferred to our hospital for further examinations. Imaging studies revealed a simple @entity96 , and the cytological findings of intracystic fluid were negative. She was followed up periodically by computed tomography (CT) scans. Seven years later, she complained of a prominence and dull @entity158 in her right thoraco-abdominal region. CT revealed an enlargement of the @entity5409 and infiltration into the intercostal subcutaneous tissue. We suspected the development of a @entity5 inside the @entity96 such as @entity7157 , and she therefore underwent surgery. A @entity5 extirpation was performed, including the chest wall, from the 7th to the 10th rib, as well as a right hepatic lobectomy. Pathologically, the lesion consisted of severe inflammatory change with epithelioid cell @entity738 and @entity79 without any malignant @entity5 . No specific pathogens were evident based on further histological and molecular examinations. Therefore the lesion was diagnosed to be a destructive @entity738 associated with a long-standing hepatic cyst. Since undergoing surgery, the @entity1 has been doing well without any signs of recurrence.

title: Destructive @entity738 derived from a XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cyst']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cyst']


abstract: We studied the effects of serum growth factors and of @entity2874 family proteins on osteoblast gap junction connectivity. Serum starvation of @entity1 MG63 @entity421 cells or nontransformed osteoblasts decreased @entity495 protein. @entity310 or @entity2205 reduced @entity495 further. Serum starvation redistributed gap junctions but did not reduce intercellular diffusion. In contrast, @entity310 or @entity2205 reduced gap junctions on cell processes and decreased intercellular diffusion. Effects of TNFs on @entity495 were mediated by lysosomal proteolysis. Activating analogs of @entity268 increased @entity495 protein, but did not block effects of serum starvation, @entity310 , or @entity2205 on @entity495 protein. @entity495 and connectivity recovered overnight if stimuli were withdrawn. Surprisingly, @entity495 mRNA increased in serum starvation and with @entity310 or @entity2205 . Since @entity3546 is a binding partner of @entity495 , when @entity495 is degraded, @entity3546 activation may contribute to a reflexive increase in @entity495 transcription. We conclude that osteoblast connectivity is regulated by a multifactorial system that maintains intercellular connections. Serum starvation, @entity310 and @entity2205 augmented @entity495 degradation and @entity495 transcription. Cell-cell communication was maintained in serum starvation, which may model response to acute injury, but was sensitive to TNFs. These inflammatory agents mediated selective, reversible removal of @entity495 from cell processes.

title: Modulation of osteoblast gap junction connectivity by serum, XXXX , and @entity2205 .

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNFalpha']


abstract: Recent accumulating evidence supports the concept that raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may represent an additional therapeutic target for prevention of @entity65 . @entity25694 plays a critical role in plasma HDL @entity165 concentration and structure. This study investigated the effect of @entity25694 blockade by a synthetic @entity25694 blocker on plasma lipids and @entity731 lesion formation in @entity6970 ( @entity6970 )-deficient @entity19 . @entity44857 ( @entity44857 ), a novel @entity25694 blocker, was identified by screening with a half-maximal inhibitory potency (IC50 value) of around 1 microM in @entity25694 -expressing COS-1 cells. Male @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 were fed a chow diet with or without @entity44857 (0.01-0.10%, approximately 10-100 mg kg(-1), n = 9 or 10) for 12 weeks. Compared with control, treatment with @entity44857 at 0.10% caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in plasma HDL @entity165 levels, and decreases in non-HDL @entity165 and @entity412 levels. Furthermore, @entity44857 at 0.01% significantly increased the extent of @entity731 formation in the aorta by 98% (P < 0.05), while favourable changes in plasma lipid parameters were achieved. The results of quantitative analysis of @entity731 lesion areas were: control, 102691 +/-22871 microm(2) (n = 10); @entity44857 0.01%, 119792+/-30842 microm(2) (n = 9); @entity44857 0.03%, 141346+/-21934 microm(2) (n = 10); and @entity44857 0.10% 203732+/- 36326 microm(2) (n = 10). To clarify the mechanistic basis underlying this preferential deterioration, we examined the potential impact on closely related cellular functions. Further studies revealed that the active metabolite of @entity44857 inhibited @entity25694 -mediated @entity165 efflux. This study demonstrates for the first time pharmacological blockade of @entity25694 in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 . Blockade of @entity25694 deteriorates @entity731 formation in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 even though it favourably affects plasma lipid parameters such as raising HDL @entity165 and decreasing non-HDL @entity165 . These results provide new insights for pharmaceutical industry research and development issues.

title: Blockade of @entity25694 raises high density lipoprotein @entity165 levels but exacerbates @entity731 formation in XXXX deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity44857 :: ('MESH:C521768', 'Chemical') :: ['N-[4-(4-tert-Butoxycarbonylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)carboxamide', 'R-138329']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity25694 :: ('20778(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Scavenger receptor class B type I', 'scavenger receptor class B type I']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6970 :: (11816(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: @entity286 smoking has been classified as a cause of @entity5 , but the effect of different patterns of smoking on risk is unclear. The International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of @entity5 has brought together and combined individual data on 13,541 @entity1 with and 23,017 @entity1 without @entity2622 , from 23 epidemiological studies. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of @entity189 in relation to @entity286 smoking were calculated with stratification by study, age, sexual partners, age at first intercourse, oral contraceptive use and parity. Current smokers had a significantly increased risk of @entity957 compared to never smokers (RR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.48-1.73), p<0.001). There was increased risk for past smokers also, though to a lesser extent (RR = 1.12 (1.01-1.25)), and there was no clear trend with time since stopping smoking (p-trend = 0.6). There was no association between smoking and @entity420 (RR = 0.89 (0.74-1.06) and 0.89 (0.72-1.10) for current and past smokers respectively), and the differences between the RRs for smoking and squamous cell and @entity420 were statistically significant (current smoking p<0.001 and past smoking p = 0.01). In current smokers, the RR of @entity957 increased with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day and also with younger age at starting smoking (p<0.001 for each trend), but not with duration of smoking (p-trend = 0.3). Eight of the studies had tested @entity1 for cervical HPV-DNA, and in analyses restricted to @entity1 who tested positive, there was a significantly increased risk in current compared to never smokers for @entity957 (RR = 1.95 (1.43-2.65)), but not for @entity420 (RR = 1.06 (0.14-7.96)). In summary, smokers are at an increased risk of squamous cell but not of @entity420 . The risk of @entity957 increases in current smokers with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and with younger age at starting smoking.

title: @entity189 and @entity286 smoking: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 13,541 XXXX with @entity189 and 23,017 @entity1 without @entity189 from 23 epidemiological studies.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'Cervical Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cervix', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: An 88-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity390 and @entity391 . Recently a @entity1892 had been diagnosed on his right cheek. Laboratory investigation showed hyponatraemia. Fluid restriction was started, based on the diagnosis of the @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ). However the hyponatraemia persisted and a diagnosis of 'reset osmostat' was made. CT of the abdomen revealed slight bilateral adrenal enlargement, which was interpreted as @entity700 . No other localisation of the @entity706 , besides that on the right cheek, was seen. Although the symptoms @entity2402 , they recurred and were quickly followed by @entity551 . The @entity1 died. Post-mortem examination showed bilateral destruction of the adrenal glands due to @entity706 . The correct diagnosis was @entity5343 . This case shows that diseases do not always present with all the classical symptoms, and that it is important to consider test characteristics of diagnostic tests and to judge investigations in the context of the other clinical findings.

title: [Clinical thinking and decision making in daily practice. An elderly XXXX with hyponatremia].

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['initially disappeared']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal incidentaloma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['SIADH', 'syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']