abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) is a new treatment option for chronic @entity1643 that is minimally invasive and has demonstrated success rates equal to or better than those for spinal fusion at short-term follow-up. PURPOSE: To report our experience with IDET in the management of chronic @entity1643 in active-duty soldiers. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Consecutive case series at a US Army medical center. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measured was a reported 50% or greater reduction in @entity158 at latest follow-up. Additional outcomes measured included analog @entity158 scores, satisfaction, complications, duty status and subsequent spinal surgery. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2001, 41 active-duty soldiers (34 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ) underwent IDET for chronic @entity1643 unresponsive to nonoperative therapy. Data were collected through clinic chart review and follow-up questionnaires. Success was defined as a stated "50% decrease in @entity158 " from baseline. RESULTS: During the study period, 36 of 41 @entity1 underwent a single trial of IDET, and the remaining 5 underwent two trials of IDET. Only the results of the 36 @entity1 who underwent one trial of IDET were used for statistical analysis. All 36 @entity1 were available for follow-up at 6 months, whereas only 31 @entity1 (86%) were reached for final follow-up (average, 29.7 months; range, 24 to 46). The success rate was 47% (17 of 36) at 6 months and 16% (5 of 31 @entity1 ) at latest follow-up. Although overall success rates were low, 20 of 31 soldiers (65%) had a persistent decrease in their analog @entity158 score (average decrease of 2.5+/-1.6 on a 10-point scale), with 52% having 2-point or greater decrease. Nineteen of 31 soldiers (61%) were still on active duty at a minimum of 24 months after IDET. There were five transient complications (16%) from IDET, all reported within the first month. Seven of 31 soldiers (23%), all male, went on to spinal surgery within 24 months of failed IDET. CONCLUSIONS: IDET is not a substitute for spinal fusion in the treatment of chronic @entity1643 in active-duty soldiers. Our reasonable early results diminished with time and up to 20% of @entity1 report worsening of baseline symptoms at final follow-up. IDET will prove its role in the treatment of chronic @entity1643 as more outcome data are obtained, but for now we consider it, at best, an antecedent rather than alternative to spinal fusion.

title: Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) for XXXX in active-duty soldiers: 2-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['discogenic low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improving the quality of physicians' recommendations for @entity1082 ) vaccination is critical to addressing low coverage. Thus, we sought to describe HPV vaccine communication practices among primary care physicians. METHODS: Pediatricians and family physicians (n = 776) completed our national online survey in 2014. We assessed the quality of their HPV vaccine recommendations on strength of endorsement (i.e., saying the vaccine is important), timeliness (recommending it by ages 11-12), consistency (recommending it routinely vs. using a risk-based approach), and urgency (recommending same-day vaccination). RESULTS: A sizeable minority of physicians reported that they do not strongly endorse HPV vaccine (27%) or deliver timely recommendations for @entity1 (26%) or @entity1 (39%). Many physicians (59%) used a risk-based approach to recommending HPV vaccine, and only half (51%) usually recommended same-day vaccination. Overall recommendation quality was lower among physicians who were uncomfortable talking about HPV vaccine or who believed parents did not value it. Quality was higher among physicians who began discussions by saying the @entity1 was due for HPV vaccine versus giving information or eliciting questions. CONCLUSION: Many physicians in our national sample reported recommending HPV vaccine inconsistently, behind schedule, or without urgency. These practices likely contribute to under-immunization among adolescents, and may convey ambivalence to parents. IMPACT: As one of the first studies to assess multiple aspects of recommendation quality, these findings can inform the many state and national initiatives that aim to improve communication about HPV vaccine so as to address the persistent underuse of a powerful tool for @entity5 prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(11); 1-7.   2015 AACR. See related commentary by Zimet, p. 1643.

title: Quality of Physician Communication about XXXX Vaccine: Findings from a National Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in staging, prognosis evaluation and restaging of @entity1 with @entity706 . METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 45 @entity1 with untreated biopsy-proven @entity706 who underwent @entity419 PET/CT (FDG PET/CT) and CT before and after chemoimmunotherapy induction treatment (rituximab combined with @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 ). RESULTS: PET/CT detected more nodal (+51%) and extranodal (+89%) lesions than CT. PET/CT modified Ann Arbor staging in eight @entity1 (18%). Five @entity1 (11%) initially considered as being early stage (I/II) were eventually treated as advanced stage (III/IV). In this study, an initial PET/CT prognostic score was significantly more accurate than the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index score in identifying @entity1 with poor prognosis (i.e. @entity1 with incomplete therapeutic response or early relapse). The accuracy of PET/CT for therapeutic response assessment was higher than that of CT (0.97 vs 0.64), especially due to its ability to identify inactive residual masses. In addition, post-treatment PET/CT was able to predict @entity1 ' outcomes. The median progression-free survival was 48 months in the PET/CT-negative group as compared with 17.2 months for the group with residual uptake (p<10(-4)). CONCLUSION: FDG PET/CT is useful for staging and assessing the prognosis and therapeutic response of @entity1 with @entity706 .

title: Diagnostic and prognostic impact of @entity419 PET/CT in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) has been considered by many as the treatment of choice for morbid @entity28 because of its simplicity and encouraging early results. The aim of this prospective study was to critically assess the effects, complications, and outcome after LAGB in the long-term, based on a 12-year experience. Between June 1998 and June 2009, all @entity1 with implantation of a LAGB have been enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. Results were recorded and classified, with special regard to long-term complications, re-operation rate, and graft survival. LAGB was performed in 167 @entity1 (120 female, 47 male) with a mean age of 40.1 +/- 5.2 years. Operative mortality was 0%, overall 1.2% (not band-related). Overall @entity1 follow-up was 94.0%. Mean excess weight loss (EWL) after 1, 2, 5, 8, and 10 years was 31.1 +/- 7.5% (p < 0.005), 44.2 +/- 6.5% (p < 0.001), 50.3 +/- 6.9% (p < 0.001), 51.7 +/- 6.3% (p < 0.001), and 48.8 +/- 6.0% (p < 0.001), respectively. The non-responder rate (EWL < 30%) after 2, 5, 8, and 10 years was 24.5%, 18.3%, 12.5%, and 16.6%, respectively. The early complication rate (<30 days) was 7.8% (13/167), with 10 minor and three major complications. Late complications (>30 days) occurred in 40.1% (67/167), of whom seven were minor and 60 were major complications (three band infections, two band migrations, 11 band leakages, two slippings/pouch dilatations, two band intolerances, and 40 esophageal dilatations). The overall re-operation rate was 20.4% (34/167). The graft survival of the implanted band after 2, 5, 8, 10, and 12 years was 98.8%, 94.0%, 86.8%, 85.0%, and 85.0%, respectively. The failure rate of the procedure after 2, 5, 8, and 10 years was 25.7%, 24.3%, 25.7%, and 31.6%, respectively. In the present long-term high-participation follow-up study, LAGB is a safe and effective surgical treatment for morbid @entity28 . However, the high complication, re-operation, and long-term failure rates lead to the conclusion that LAGB should be performed in selected cases only, until reliable criteria for @entity1 at low risk for long-term complications are developed.

title: Graft survival and complications after laparoscopic gastric banding for morbid XXXX --lessons learned from a 12-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The effects of @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) induced @entity651 on the pulmonary and systemic blood flow contributions to the @entity825 and main bronchi (upper airways) were assessed in anesthetized @entity235 by injecting 15 microns radiolabeled microspheres into the right and left heart, respectively. Upper airway blood flow was studied in lungs given the following treatments: (1) @entity4515 ; (2) @entity4515 in lungs pretreated with the @entity2871 synthetase inhibitor @entity17756 , and (3) @entity4515 in lungs pretreated with the antioxidant @entity7669 . After microsphere injections, the tracheal cartilage, tracheal muscle-mucosa, and main bronchi were excised. The results of this study indicate that under normal conditions, tracheal mucosa [33-52 ml.min-1.(100 g)-1] and tracheal cartilage [18-27 ml.min-1.(100 g)-1] blood flow is primarily systemic while both the systemic [12-18 ml.min-1.(100 g)-1] and pulmonary [6-12 ml.min-1.(100 g)-1] circulations contribute substantial amounts of blood flow to the main bronchi. @entity4515 significantly decreased the systemic blood flow contribution to the tracheal cartilage and muscle-mucosa, and both the systemic and pulmonary blood flow contributions to the main bronchi to less than 50% of control values, an effect that was inhibited by @entity7669 , but not by @entity17756 . These results suggest that the effect of @entity4515 -induced @entity651 on the pulmonary and systemic blood flow contributions to the upper airways is at least partially mediated by @entity26 radical production, probably @entity273 ( @entity274 ), but not by the production of the @entity1426 metabolite @entity2871 .

title: Effect of @entity4514 -induced XXXX on airway blood flow.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore @entity286 smoking in seven major cities of Latin America. METHODS: The Cardiovascular Risk Factor Multiple Evaluation in Latin America (CARMELA) study is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 11   550 adults between 25 and 64 years old in Barquisimeto, Venezuela; Bogota, Colombia; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Lima, Peru; Mexico City, Mexico; Quito, Ecuador; and Santiago, Chile. @entity286 smoking, including cigarettes, cigars and pipes, was surveyed among other cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Santiago and Buenos Aires had the highest smoking prevalence (45.4% and 38.6%, respectively); male and female rates were similar. In other cities, @entity1 smoked more than @entity1 , most markedly in Quito (49.4% of @entity1 vs 10.5% of @entity1 ). Peak male smoking prevalence occurred among the youngest two age groups (25-34 and 35-44 years old). @entity1 and @entity1 of Buenos Aires smoked the highest number of cigarettes per day on average (15.7 and 12.4, respectively). @entity1 initiated regular smoking earlier than @entity1 in each city (ranges 13.7-20.0 years vs 14.2-21.1 years, respectively). Exposure to secondhand @entity286 smoke at workplace for more than 5 h per day was higher in Barquisimeto (28.7%), Buenos Aires (26.8%) and Santiago (21.5%). The highest prevalence of former smokers was found among @entity1 in Buenos Aires, Santiago and Lima (30.0%, 26.8% and 26.0% respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevalence was high in the seven CARMELA cities, although patterns of smoking varied among cities. A major health and economic burden is inevitable in urban Latin America unless effective comprehensive @entity286 control measures recommended by the World Health Organisation Framework Convention on @entity286 Control are implemented.

title: XXXX smoking in seven Latin American cities: the CARMELA study.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: Analysis of a series of @entity1 @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) constructs with progressive deletions in the 5'-flanking region has localized a strong positive element at positions -298/277 with a repressor region located immediately upstream at -332/-300 (Flink, I. L., Edwards, J. G., Bahl, J. J., Liew, C.-C., Sole, M., and Morkin, E. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 9917-9924). A 49-base pair restriction fragment containing the suppressor element was used to screen a cardiac expression library. The 0.65-kilobase pair cDNA identified by this procedure was similar in sequence, except for the absence of a 21-base pair region encoding seven @entity1522 , to cellular nucleic acid-binding protein ( @entity6046 ), a 19-kDa @entity219 finger DNA-binding protein isolated earlier from liver, which may be involved in negative regulation of @entity165 biosynthesis (Rajavashisth, T. B., Taylor, A. K., Andalibi, A., Svenson, K. L., and Lusis, A. J. (1989) Science 245, 640-643). An additional clone identical to the one originally found in liver, referred to as @entity6046 alpha, was isolated from the cardiac library by hybridization screening. Gel mobility shift analysis indicated that @entity6046 alpha and @entity6046 beta isoforms preferentially interact with single-stranded DNA corresponding to the proximal and distal regions of the suppressor. When cotransfected with a beta- @entity3998 reporter construct, @entity6046 alpha repressed activity in a dosage-dependent manner, whereas repression was not observed with the shorter construct ( @entity6046 beta). Cotransfection of a combination of @entity6046 alpha and @entity6046 beta repressed reporter activity to an extent similar to cotransfection with @entity6046 alpha alone, suggesting that @entity6046 beta is not translationally active under these conditions. The results of RNase protection assays and genomic sequencing indicated that the alpha and beta isoforms are formed by alternative use of 5' donor sites within a single exon. These results suggest that @entity6046 isoforms may modulate the activity of the beta- @entity3998 gene by interaction with a repressor region.

title: Alternatively processed isoforms of cellular nucleic acid-binding protein interact with a suppressor region of the @entity1 XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3998 :: ('3133', 'Gene') :: ['MHC', 'beta-myosin heavy chain']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3998 :: (3133,Gene) :: ['beta-myosin heavy chain']


abstract: A total of 26 isolates of @entity6649 were tested for their ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of different origins. Seven different hemagglutination patterns were found. Ten (38%) isolates did not agglutinate any of the erythrocytes tested. The remaining 16 (62%) isolates agglutinated @entity1 erythrocytes, and among these, 12 also agglutinated @entity35 , cat, @entity235 , @entity840 , or @entity291 erythrocytes. No correlation was found between the seven different hemagglutination patterns observed and the serotypes. Hemagglutination activity was destroyed by heating at 100 degrees C as well as by @entity406 treatment, but was not affected by heating at 60 degrees C, by treatment with trypsin or pronase, or by homogenization of bacterial cells. No fimbriae were observed on examination of bacterial cells negatively stained with phosphotungstate using electron microscopy. Hydrophobic surface properties of the isolates were evaluated. All the isolates appear to possess a hydrophilic cell surface. The present study provides evidence that certain isolates of A. @entity5390 hemagglutinating properties which do not appear to be mediated by fimbriae or to involve hydrophobic interactions.

title: Hemagglutinating properties of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6649 :: ('715', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity5390 :: ('MESH:D011001', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropneumoniae possess']

answer: @entity6649 :: (715,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Heterogeneity of BRAF mutation in @entity320 has been a controversial subject. Quantitative data on BRAF @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) is sparse and the potential relationship with response to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) in patients with @entity320 is unknown. We quantitatively measured BRAF @entity4365 in a cohort of treatment na  ve @entity320 samples by pyrosequencing and correlated with survival data in patients treated with BRAFi as part of their clinical care. 52 samples from 50 patients were analysed. BRAF @entity8554 mutations were detected in 71.1% of samples followed by @entity16232 (25%) and @entity17330 (3.9%). There was a wide range of @entity4365 from 3.9% to 80.3% (median 41.3%). In 33 patients treated with BRAFi, there was no difference in overall or progression free survival when the patients were categorized into high or low @entity4365 groups. There was no correlation between @entity4365 and degree of response, and no difference in survival based on genotype. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Clinical and therapeutic implications of BRAF mutation heterogeneity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'allele frequency']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: AIM: The effectiveness of cyanoacrylates compared to @entity1346 gel in improving healing of @entity2805 was evaluated. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 presenting @entity2805 to 24 months old were enrolled. Asymmetrical scars were treated with @entity3080 , linear scars were divided in two parts, one treated with cyanoacrylates, the other with @entity1346 gel. For 3 months, cyanoacrylates were applied every 3-5 days, @entity1346 gel twice a day. @entity1 ' and external observers' assessments were recorded over one year, and photographic records taken. Objective evaluations included width, length and elevation measurements. Statistical significance of parameter modifications was analysed with the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity1 were enrolled. Positive effects of both tested products were observed without major adverse effects, achieving final scars of better quality. Scar elevation was reduced significantly for both tested products, but apparently more for topical cyanoacrylates. CONCLUSION: Cyanoacrylates have a positive effect on pathological scars at least comparable to that of @entity1346 gel.

title: Efficacy of topical cyanoacrylates compared to topical @entity1346 gel in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylates']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars 6', 'hypertrophic scars']

answer: @entity2805 :: (MESH:D017439,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic scars']


abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may induce a variety of @entity810 . Acute @entity1986 can follow the use of nearly all NSAIDs, but the number of reported cases is low. Most of these @entity1 are elderly and develop a @entity1985 with @entity810 while taking NSAID for months. Renal biopsy shows acute tubulo-interstitial lesions with minimal changes in the glomeruli. The renal signs usually improve after discontinuing the drug, with or without @entity134 therapy, but @entity740 or even @entity454 ( @entity454 ) are possible hazards. There is evidence that @entity1986 results mainly from a delayed @entity56 response to NSAID, and @entity1985 results from changes in glomerular permeability mediated by @entity2918 and other hormones. @entity1985 without @entity1986 may occur, as well as immune-complex @entity8 , in a small subset of @entity1 receiving NSAIDs. @entity1 taking NSAID for months or years may develop @entity5720 , chronic @entity1986 , or even @entity454 . Case-control studies suggest that @entity1 at risk are older @entity1 who suffer from @entity299 and @entity8 . Impaired medullary circulation and direct @entity137 due to a drug metabolite seem to play a critical role in inducing @entity82 , which can be facilitated by a sustained production of some growth factors and cytokines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX , the @entity1985 , and chronic renal failure secondary to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy', 'renal hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['papillary necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic renal lesions', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1986 :: (MESH:D009395,Disease) :: ['Interstitial nephritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) is recognized as a reliable @entity5 marker of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). The general prognosis in the classical subtype of @entity3557 (CSTPTC) remains favorable, but some cases can be very aggressive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the localization and intensity of immunohistochemical @entity4166 expression in CSTPTC and its associations with the clinical and pathological characteristics of @entity1 with CSTPTC in the Silesian region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All the available clinical and histopathological data for 149 @entity1 with CSTPTC from the Silesian region were retrospectively analyzed. The group consisted of 135 (90.6%) @entity1 and 14 (9.4%) @entity1 (mean age and SD: 52.3    15.0). All these @entity1 with CSTPTC underwent surgery at the same center between 2008 and 2013; the follow-up period was 24 to 90 months (mean and SD: 47    20). RESULTS: In 142 (95.3%) of the @entity1 with CSTPTC, positive cytoplasmic staining of @entity4166 was found. A higher expression of @entity4166 was observed in the group of @entity1 without the recurrence of the disease (p = 0.015). @entity4166 expression was not associated with age, gender, @entity5 focality, disease stage, @entity5 size (pT), lymph node involvement (pN), or distant metastases (pM). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased @entity4166 expression in CSTPTC cases with relapse suggests that it plays a role in the @entity189 progression of CSTPTC. The association between lower @entity4166 expression and @entity1 ' unfavorable postoperative course could suggest its possible role as a marker of CSTPTC poor prognosis.

title: Expression of @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) in the classical subtype of XXXX : the experience of one center in the Silesian region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity438 may require indirect treatment with revascularization. This manuscript describes various surgical revascularization techniques together with clinical outcomes. METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive @entity1 with @entity438 were managed from November 2005 to October 2008. Techniques used for revascularization were high-flow bypass, low-flow bypass, branch artery reimplantion, and primary reanastomosis. Physiologic and anatomic monitoring technologies, including electroencephalography, somatosensory evoked potential monitoring, microvascular doppler ultrasonography, and/or @entity3194 videoangiography were used intraoperatively to assess both brain physiology and vascular anatomy. @entity1 outcome was determined using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge and at a mean of 12 months post operation (range 6-25 months). RESULTS: Two cervical @entity439 (6%) were resected followed by primary reanastomosis, 21 @entity439 (66%) were trapped following saphenous vein high-flow bypasses, five (16%) were clipped after superficial temporal or occipital artery low-flow bypasses, and four (12%) @entity2500 were reimplanted. Of the 32 @entity1 at discharge, 29 (91%) had a Glasgow Outcome Scale of four or five, two (6%) had severe disability, and one (3%) died. CONCLUSION: Cerebral revascularization remains an effective and reliable procedure for treatment of @entity438 . Low morbidity and mortality rates reflect the maturity of @entity1 selection and surgical technique in the management of these lesions.

title: Revascularization for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral branch arteries']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'carotid aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['complex cerebral aneurysm', 'Complex cerebral aneurysms', 'complex cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['complex cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: Twenty-five brain-injured adults who were treated for @entity16 during a 5-year period were studied. Two @entity1 had bilateral involvement. The incidence of @entity16 in this population was determined to be 2.5%. The @entity16 was always on the neurologically impaired side and associated with significant @entity508 . Diagnosis was made when intrinsic @entity194 was noted in the hand. No @entity1 initiated a subjective complaint. Nerve conduction velocity measurements confirmed impingement of the ulnar nerve in the cubital canal in 16 cases. Twenty-one of the 27 (78%) elbows had moderate to severe @entity2736 causing impingement of the ulnar nerve. All @entity1 were treated by anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve. Follow-up averaged 22.7 months. Twenty-three (85%) extremities had complete recovery of ulnar nerve function. Four @entity1 had improved but incomplete recovery of function. Prolonged compression of the nerve led to incomplete recovery.

title: Late XXXX in the brain-injured adult.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tardy ulnar neuropathy', 'ulnar neuropathy', 'late ulnar neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['ulnar neuropathy']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To report the clinical outcomes of four @entity1 with pituitary @entity3 treated with radiotherapy. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of four cases. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 66 years; two were @entity1 and two were @entity1 . The mean duration of symptoms at initial presentation of the @entity5 was 2.25 months. The location of the @entity5 was the breast in one case and the lung in three. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed sellar masses in all cases. The mean interval between the @entity5 diagnosis and the development of pituitary @entity3 was 22.5 months. The @entity3 were treated with radiation therapy (palliative/stereotactic/intensity modulated) at a mean dose of 3219 cGy. At the last follow-up, three @entity1 were dead and one was alive. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy is a suitable non-surgical option for @entity1 with pituitary @entity3 .

title: Radiation therapy for pituitary XXXX : report of four cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Between January 1981 and December 1986, 20 @entity1 with @entity7145 were entered into a prospective study involving combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy ( @entity1487 [ @entity1487 ] and @entity1138 ) as primary management. Nine @entity1 with Stage I or II disease received definitive treatment consisting of 6000 cGy in 6 to 7 weeks and @entity1487 (1000 mg/m2/24 hours) as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion for 96 hours starting on days 2 and 29. @entity1138 (10 mg/m2) was administered as a bolus injection on day 2. Ten @entity1 with extraesophageal and disseminated disease (Stages III and IV) and one @entity1 with an unresectable anastomotic recurrence were considered palliative. Generally the palliative regimen did not differ from the definitive except for the radiation dose which in seven of the 11 @entity1 was less than 6000 cGy (4000-5600 cGy). The range of follow-up was 6 to 74 months and no @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Seven of the eight evaluable definitively treated @entity1 were complete responders. The median relapse-free survival was 10 months and the median survival was 15 months in this group. In the palliative group, six of nine evaluable @entity1 had relief of @entity1282 until @entity204 or last follow-up with a median duration of 8 months. Our results indicate that combined modality treatment with infusional @entity1487 , @entity1138 , and radiation is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for @entity7145 . This treatment regimen offers palliation and some chance for cure to those @entity1 who are inoperable, unresectable, or who refuse surgery.

title: Combined radiation and chemotherapy as primary management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin', 'Mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction']

answer: @entity7145 :: (MESH:C562730,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction']


abstract: The incidence of @entity43 has been increasing gradually over the last 25 years. The presenting symptoms are non-specific and, in many cases, there is extensive intraabdominal spread at the time of diagnosis. Diagnosis is based on abdominal ultrasonography followed by laparotomy for @entity5 classification and extensive excision. Assay of @entity10224 can be a useful diagnostic tool for post-menopausal @entity1 , and for determining the response to treatment. Routine screening for @entity43 is not feasible. The most important prognostic factor is @entity5 extension. In early stages, chemotherapy does not improve the prognosis in "low-risk" @entity1 , and its value in high-risk @entity1 remains to be determined. In @entity1 with @entity43 , @entity902 derivatives are the reference drugs. The high toxicity of @entity900 has led to the development of @entity3003 , which has similar activity but virtually no nephrotoxicity, @entity2359 or @entity2167 . @entity3003 is currently considered as the cytostatic drug of choice, as it can be given at higher doses which may improve the survival time. The possible indications for intraperitoneal chemotherapy remain to be determined. Secondary laparotomy should not be used, except in clinical trials. @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ), a new cytostatic agent that prevents mitosis through an original mode of action, is currently undergoing evaluation.

title: [Epithelial XXXX : current data].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['cancer of the ovary']


abstract: This phase 1/2 study assessed the augmentation of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) with @entity236 ( @entity236 ), for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, in @entity1 with advanced @entity1503 . The regimen consisted of @entity3118 25 mg/m(2) per day for 5 days, melphalan 140 mg/m(2) for one day, and @entity236 radiation at 150 cGy/fraction in 8 fractions over 4 days. Eligible @entity1 were over 50 years old and/or had compromised organ function. Median age of the 33 evaluable @entity1 was 55.2 years. Eighteen events of nonhematologic grade III or higher @entity137 occurred in 9 @entity1 . Day 30 and day 100 mortalities were 3% and 15%, respectively. @entity1 achieved myeloid and platelet engraftment at a median of 14 days after transplantation. Long-term @entity137 occurred in 2 @entity1 : @entity1371 and @entity400 , both grade III, on days 370 and 361 after transplantation. Fourteen @entity1 died, 7 of relapse-related causes and 7 of non-relapse-related causes. With a median follow-up for living @entity1 of 14.7 months, 1-year overall survival, event-free survival, and non-relapse-related mortality were 75%, 65%, and 19%, respectively. Addition of @entity236 to RIC is feasible and safe and could be offered to @entity1 with advanced @entity1583 who might not otherwise be candidates for RIC.

title: Phase 1/2 trial of XXXX to augment reduced-intensity transplantation for advanced @entity1583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disease']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['total marrow and lymph node irradiation', 'TMLI']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['total marrow and lymph node irradiation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interspecific hybridization occurs in every eukaryotic kingdom. While hybrid progeny are frequently at a selective disadvantage, in some instances their increased genome size and complexity may result in greater stress resistance than their ancestors, which can be adaptively advantageous at the edges of their ancestors' ranges. While this phenomenon has been repeatedly documented in the field, the response of hybrid populations to long-term selection has not often been explored in the lab. To fill this knowledge gap we crossed the two most distantly related members of the @entity375 sensu stricto group, @entity375 and S. uvarum, and established a mixed population of homoploid and aneuploid hybrids to study how different types of selection impact hybrid genome structure. RESULTS: As temperature was raised incrementally from 31  C to 46.5  C over 500 generations of continuous culture, selection favored loss of the S. uvarum genome, although the kinetics of genome loss differed among independent replicates. Temperature-selected isolates exhibited greater inherent and induced thermal tolerance than parental species and founding hybrids, and also exhibited @entity1068 resistance. In contrast, as exogenous @entity1068 was increased from 0% to 14% over 500 generations of continuous culture, selection favored euploid @entity375 x S. uvarum hybrids. @entity1068 -selected isolates were more @entity1068 tolerant than S. uvarum and one of the founding hybrids, but did not exhibit resistance to temperature stress. Relative to parental and founding hybrids, temperature-selected strains showed heritable differences in cell wall structure in the forms of increased resistance to zymolyase digestion and @entity1331 , which targets cell wall biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show experimentally that the genomic fate of newly-formed interspecific hybrids depends on the type of selection they encounter during the course of evolution, underscoring the importance of the ecological theatre in determining the outcome of the evolutionary play.

title: Different selective pressures lead to different genomic outcomes as newly-formed hybrid XXXX evolve.

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['Micafungin']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeasts']


abstract: In order to investigate whether so-called risk factors relating to treatment difficulty are true risk or not, treatment results of 520 in- @entity1 originally treated for @entity1907 during 12 years' period from 1980 to 1991 in our hospital were analyzed. The proportion of cases with so-called risk factors among total 520 cases was as follows: Aged @entity1 (70 years of age and over) 31.5%. Cases discharging abundant bacilli in sputum (Gaffky scale VII or above or culture, +3 positive) 29.4%. Adverse reactions to drugs 18.1%. Far advanced cavitary lesions (GAKKAI Classification I or II3) 15.6%. Relative risk of various risk factors in cases of group A (died of @entity378 ), group B (showed delay in the negative conversion of bacilli; namely, cases converted to negative only 4th month of treatment or later) and group C (cases of groups A and B) were calculated comparing with cases of the control group (pretreatment negative bacilli cases or cases converted to negative within 3 months). In cases of group A died of @entity378 , the results were as follows; pretreatment abundant bacilli discharge 3.1, far advanced cavitary lesions 4.6, emaciation and/or @entity3147 5.1. Other risk factors identified were the following; unhealthy life style 4.0, severe gastrointestinal tract disease 3.9, @entity73 3.3, complicated infections 3.2, @entity130 including @entity716 and @entity16 2.3, @entity6 2.0, and the adverse reactions to drugs 1.9. In cases of group B showing delay in the negative conversion of bacilli, significant risk factors were pretreatment abundant bacilli discharge, far advanced cavitary lesions, emaciation and/or @entity3147 and @entity6 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [An investigation on risk factors relating to the treatment difficulty in originally treated XXXX cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nervous system diseases']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: The Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) were used for the description of self-reported personality characteristics in @entity158 @entity1 . The @entity1 were a selected group, suffering from chronic non-malignant @entity158 mainly of neurological origin, and had in all cases an established somatic diagnosis. In comparison with normal controls, the @entity158 @entity1 differed only with respect to two KSP scales, showing significantly more negative childhood experiences and less Inhibition of Aggression than the normals. In contrast, there were several and pronounced differences between the @entity158 @entity1 and two @entity146 groups with @entity308 , one with and one without @entity158 . Thus this group of @entity1118 @entity1 did not show the personality characteristics predisposing for @entity308 . Furthermore, the KSP personality factors were found to be related to variables describing consequences of the @entity158 , but the power of the KSP to predict the outcome of the @entity158 treatment appeared to be limited. The KSP appears to have several advantages in comparison, e.g., with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the most frequently used method for the assessment of @entity1118 @entity1 . Unlike the MMPI, the KSP reflects aspects of personality and is not primarily a measure of psychopathology. In addition, the KSP is more up-to-date and its completion is less time-consuming. The usefulness of the KSP for the assessment of @entity1118 @entity1 deserves therefore further examination.

title: Personality characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1118 in comparison with normal controls and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated the efficacy of biphasic @entity1 insulin 30 ( @entity14542 ) in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 who had failed in therapy with two or more @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ). METHODS: This open-label, nonrandomized, 4-month, multicenter, clinical observational study was conducted in Shanghai, China. A total of 660 insulin-naive type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with poor glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] >= 7.5%), despite treatment with two or more @entity1697 for more than 6 months, were recruited and received @entity14542 monotherapy or @entity14542 plus OAD(s) ( @entity2449 only, a-glucosidase inhibitor only, or both). RESULTS: Among the 660 subjects, 644 completed the 4-month study. At the end of the study, the median level of HbA1c decreased by 2.0% (from 9.1% to 7.0%) in the @entity14542 monotherapy group and also 2.0% (from 9.5% to 7.3%) in the @entity14542 plus OAD group. More @entity1 achieved the HbA1c <7.0% target in the @entity14542 monotherapy group than in the @entity14542 plus OAD(s) group (47.9% vs. 35.3%, P=0.002). Compared with the expenses of the prior treatment strategy, the median daily cost decreased by 39.8% (4.5 yuan, Chinese RMB) at the end point in the @entity14542 monotherapy group but increased by 20.0% (2.2 yuan) in the @entity14542 plus OAD(s) group (P<0.0001). Moreover, @entity1 in the @entity14542 plus OAD(s) group had fewer minor hypoglycemic episodes than in the @entity14542 monotherapy group (mean of 1.06 vs. 2.77 per @entity1 per year, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity14542 therapy can improve glycemic control in insulin-naive type 2 @entity6 @entity1 after failure of two or more @entity1697 . With higher baseline @entity413 level, the @entity14542 plus OAD(s) group had lower pharmacoeconomic efficacy than the @entity14542 monotherapy group despite having fewer @entity4053 events.

title: The impact of initiating biphasic @entity1 insulin 30 therapy in type 2 @entity6 XXXX after failure of @entity1697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['OADs', 'oral antidiabetes drugs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This position paper was commissioned by the European Association of Dental Public Health, which has established six working groups to investigate the current status of six topics related to oral public health. One of these areas is epidemiology of @entity2520 . METHODS: Two theses "A systematic review of definitions of @entity2521 and the methods that have been used to identify @entity2521 " 1 and "Factors affecting community oral health care needs and provision" 2 formed the starting point for this position paper. Additional relevant and more recent publications were retrieved through a MEDLINE search. RESULTS: The literature reveals a distinct lack of consensus and uniformity in the definition of @entity2521 within epidemiological studies. There are also numerous differences in the methods used. The consequence is that data from studies using differing case definitions and differing survey methods are not easily interpretable or comparable. The limitations of the widely used Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (CPITN) and its more recent derivatives are widely recognized. Against this background, this position paper reviews the current evidence base, outlines existing problems and suggests how epidemiology of @entity2520 may be improved. CONCLUSIONS: The remit of this working group was to review and discuss the existing evidence base of epidemiology of @entity2520 and to identify future areas of work to further enhance it.

title: Methodological issues in epidemiological studies of XXXX --how can it be improved?

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity9 in adults with @entity3570 , to study the relationship between @entity9 , age at examination, gender, @entity130 , neurological level and presence of @entity1276 . METHODS: A total of 110 @entity1 with @entity3570 who visited the @entity1566 outpatient clinic Spinalis were included. At the yearly check-up they underwent examination by a physiotherapist and a neurologist and were interviewed about @entity158 character, temporal profile and localization. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups; @entity3570 with (n = 57) and without @entity1276 (n = 53). @entity158 was classified as neuropathic when it was in an area of decreased sensibility and had no correlation to movement and/or inflammatory signs. Results were analysed by chi2 analysis and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (20%) experienced @entity158 . @entity9 was present in 11/110 (10%) @entity1 , of these 62% experienced below level @entity9 . @entity9 was present in 13% of male @entity1 and 7% of female @entity1 , 12% of @entity1 with a lumbar level and 10% of @entity1 with a thoracic level. @entity9 was present in 9% of @entity1 with a complete @entity1566 , 14% of those with an incomplete @entity1566 , 1,7% with @entity1276 and 19% without @entity1276 . CONCLUSION: The results suggest that @entity9 is present in @entity3570 . Careful analysis and classification of a @entity1 's @entity158 is clinically important. @entity9 is more common in @entity1 without @entity1276 and in older @entity1 . Presence of @entity9 was not related to gender, @entity130 , or neurological level.

title: @entity158 , especially @entity9 , in adults with XXXX , and its relation to age, neurological level, completeness, gender and @entity1276 .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'nociceptive pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['completeness of injury']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['spina bifida']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity4493 and @entity756 genes are associated with @entity731 , @entity65 and @entity385 . The overall prevalence of @entity756 @entity9061 and @entity4493 @entity9062 variants in @entity385 were 0.005 and 0.116, respectively. However, to date, association between these polymorphisms and @entity385 remains inconclusive. Therefore, this first meta-analysis was carried out to clarify the presumed influence of these polymorphisms on @entity385 . All eligible case-control and cohort studies that met the search terms were retrieved in multiple databases. Demographic and genotyping data were extracted from each study, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Metafor R 3.2.1. The pooled odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using both fixed- and random-effect models. Seven case-control studies encompassing 1897 cases and 2119 controls were critically evaluated. Pooled results from the genetic models indicated that @entity4493 @entity9062 dominant (OR   =   1.33, 95%    CI:1.11-1.58) and co-dominant models (OR   =   1.24, 95%    CI:1.02-1.51) were significantly associated with @entity385 . For the @entity756 @entity9061 polymorphism, the OR of co-dominant model (OR   =   1.36, 95%    CI:1.01-1.58) was found to be higher among @entity385 @entity1 . In conclusion, the current meta-analysis highlighted that variant allele of @entity4493 @entity9062 @entity9063 and @entity756 @entity9061 @entity4866 may contribute to the susceptibility risk of @entity385 .

title: The Influence of @entity4493 and XXXX Gene Polymorphisms on Ischemic Stroke: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9063 :: ('c|SUB|G||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['G   >   C']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A   >   G']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity756 :: (255738,Gene) :: ['PCSK9']


abstract: PURPOSE: In order to evaluate the possible antiinflammatory action of @entity171 , the effect of the drugs on the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines ( @entity635 , @entity777 and @entity637 ) from macrophages was studied. Liposomes or high concentration of extracellular @entity460 was used to enhance the intracellular delivery of @entity171 . METHODS: RAW 264 cells were used as macrophage model, and they were induced with lipopolysaccharide to produce the cytokines. The cytokine concentrations in the culture supernatants were measured with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. RESULTS: As a free drug, @entity19160 and @entity5279 , but not @entity10210 , inhibited LPS-stimulated secretion of the cytokines from macrophage-like RAW 264 cells. Low concentrations of @entity5279 , however, induced the @entity777 secretion, and the cytokine inhibitory action at the higher concentrations of @entity5279 was attributed to @entity137 of the compound. The cytokine induction or toxic effects were not observed with @entity19160 or @entity10210 . When the drugs were encapsulated in negatively charged unilamellar liposomes, the inhibitory potency of both @entity19160 and @entity10210 enhanced by a factor of 10-20, while that of @entity5279 was not increased. The complex formation of @entity171 with extracellular @entity460 , although enhancing the uptake of the compounds by macrophages, did not considerably increase their cytokine inhibitory potency. CONCLUSIONS: @entity171 have inhibitory action on cytokine secretion by macrophages. The non-cytotoxic cytokine inhibition by liposome encapsulated @entity19160 could be beneficial in local inflammatory diseases, where the @entity32 is sustained by the excessive amounts of inflammatory cytokines produced by activated macrophages.

title: Effect of liposomal and free @entity171 on the @entity635 , @entity777 and XXXX secretion from RAW 264 cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates', 'Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity10210 :: ('MESH:D012968', 'Chemical') :: ['etidronate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate']

answer: @entity637 :: (21926(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNF alpha']


abstract: The highly inbred Coatzacoalcos (Cp) strain of the platyfish, @entity5711 , was noted for a high percentage of infertile females (XX). The ovaries of approximately one-quarter of all females regress. The time of @entity194 varied from before sexual maturation up to 11 months of age. The gonadotropic zone of the pituitary was hypertrophied in regressed females. Transplants of immature testes and ovarian tissue into the caudal musculature of regressed females and the subsequent maturation of the grafts demonstrated that the @entity2670 was not due to @entity2339 or an @entity792 . The cause of the @entity528 was apparently localized to the ovary itself. This phenomenon was never observed in males (XY). Regressed ovaries fell into two categories, designated types I and II, with all being characterized by the presence of ductlike structures which resembled male efferent ducts, lined by Sertoli cells. Type I ovaries bore a marked similarity to certain @entity1 dysgenetic gonads, while type II ovaries contained many proliferating germ cells and could be compared to the @entity1 @entity5 termed @entity5712 . It is suggested that the physiological lesion responsible for the @entity43 involves the processes that control the determination and differentiation of the germ cells similar to those found in @entity1 46,XY @entity444 .

title: An XXXX in the platyfish, @entity5711 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian regression syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5711 :: ('8083', 'Species') :: ['Xiphophorus maculatus']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary or hypothalamic malfunction']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal degeneration']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian regression syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Psychiatric inpatient hospitalization is a costly intervention for youth. With rates of hospitalization rising, efforts to refine prevention and intervention are necessary. Aggression often precedes severe internalizing behaviors, and proactive and reactive functions of @entity146 are differentially associated with internalizing symptomatology. Thus, further understanding of the links between functions of @entity146 and internalizing symptomatology could aid in the improvement of interventions for hospitalized youth. The current study examined parenting styles, gender, and age as potential moderators of the relations between proactive and reactive @entity146 and internalizing symptoms. @entity1 included 392 @entity1 , 6-12  years of age admitted consecutively to a @entity146 inpatient unit. Reactive @entity146 was uniquely associated with @entity148 . However, proactive @entity146 was associated with internalizing problems only when specific parenting styles and demographic factors were present. Although both proactive and reactive subtypes of @entity146 were associated with internalizing symptoms, differential associations were evident. Implications of findings are discussed.

title: The Role of Parenting Styles in the Relation Between Functions of Aggression and Internalizing Symptoms in a XXXX Psychiatric Inpatient Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of the present study was to assess the Bardot procedure in the treatment of @entity85 of the foot in @entity1158 . This procedure associates the fixation of the peroneus brevis distal tendon onto the tibialis anterior, heel-cord lengthening, and tenotomies of the flexores digitorum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 underwent this procedure between 1989 and 1996. The indication for surgery was @entity85 in adult @entity1158 . Preoperatively all the @entity1 had an instability and 80.5 per cent of them had to wear an ankle and foot orthesis. Postoperatively forty-one @entity1 with a mean follow up of 3.5 years (range: one to 9 years), were available for examination including 24 females and 17 males with a mean age of 46 years at time of surgery (range: 27 to 76). RESULTS: All the @entity1 were objectively improved. Seven of them had a discreet residual @entity85 , but none felt unstable. They all were able to walk barefooted, only one @entity1 still required an adapted shoe. The gait and the quality of live were subjectively improved for 92.7 per cent of the @entity1 . None of the @entity1 has been worsened. DISCUSSION: When @entity508 disturbs significantly quality of live, tendon re-balancement of the hemiplegic foot should be proposed. The fixation of the distal tendon of the peroneus brevis onto the tibialis anterior is effectively performed only if this latter is efficient in the swing phase of gait. If there is no fixed @entity1159 , neurosurgery or chemotherapy are preferable. In case of irreducible @entity85 arthrodesis could be indicated. CONCLUSION: Tendon re-balancement in hemiplegic foot using a peroneus tendon fixation onto the tibialis anterior should be carried out after examination by a team of specialists (surgeon, neurosurgeon, rehabilitation team). In such conditions it offers constantly an improvement to the @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX foot in the hemiplegic adult by retrograde fixation of the peroneus brevis tendon onto the anterior tibialis tendon].

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['spastic hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic equinovarus']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['equinovarus deformities', 'varus deformity', 'equinovarus deformity', 'articular deformities']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spastic equinovarus']


abstract: During transition into stationary phase a large set of proteins is induced in @entity526 . Only a minority of the corresponding genes has been identified so far. Using the lambda placMu system and a plate screen for @entity505 starvation-induced fusion activity, a series of chromosomal lacZ fusions (csi::lacZ) was isolated. In complex medium these fusions were induced either during late exponential phase or during entry into stationary phase. csi::lacZ expression in minimal media in response to starvation for @entity505 , @entity1568 and @entity1391 sources and the roles of global regulators such as the alternative sigma factor sigma s (encoded by rpoS), @entity268 /CRP and the relA gene product were investigated. The results show that almost every fusion exhibits its own characteristic pattern of expression, suggesting a complex control of stationary phase-inducible genes that involves various combinations of regulatory mechanisms for different genes. All fusions were mapped to the @entity526 chromosome. Using fine mapping by Southern hybridization, cloning, sequencing and/or phenotypic analysis, csi-5, csi-17, and csi-18 could be localized in osmY (encoding a periplasmic protein), glpD (aerobic @entity7685 dehydrogenase) and glgA (glycogen synthase), respectively. The other fusions seem to specify novel genes now designated csiA through to csiF. csi-17(glpD)::lacZ was shown to produce its own @entity413 -starvation induction, thus illustrating the intricacies of gene-fusion technology when applied to the study of gene regulation.

title: Identification and characterization of stationary phase-inducible genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7685 :: ('MESH:C029620', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol-3-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity95 spermatozoa developed motions that mimicked @entity1319 during incubation for 16-20 hours under capacitation conditions and in several other commonly used media. Sperm from some @entity95 failed to acquire this type of motility, and sperm from others failed to survive the long incubation time. Four motility patterns developed during incubation for 16-20 hours. Motility parameters measured by the CellSoft and CellTrak motion analysis systems were similar except for the average amplitude of lateral head displacement. Multivariate discriminant analysis with complementary regression analysis, and an unrelated tree structured classification method (CART), were used to derive rules, based on motility parameters, for the objective classification of sperm into the two motility classes: 1) nonhyperactivated motility and 2) @entity1319 or motility that mimicked @entity1319 . The motility parameter wobble (WOB) as superior to the commonly used parameter, linearity, as a classifier of motility types. It classified sperm into the two motility groups with 96.6% efficiency and, together with curvilinear velocity (VCL), attained classification efficiencies of 98%. The classification model produced by CART was preferred over the one obtained by discriminant analysis. The rule for motility classification was dependent on the motion analysis system used to measure the motion parameters. The rule for the CellSoft system, WOB < or = 0.78 and VCL > or = 51 microns/second, classified sperm with an efficiency of 98%, whereas the rule for the CellTrak system, WOB < or = 0.6 and VCL > or = 55 microns/second, achieved a classification efficiency of 97%. These rules should facilitate the study of sperm hyperactivation and its role in sperm function.

title: Development of computer-directed methods for the identification of hyperactivated motion using motion patterns developed by XXXX sperm during incubation under capacitation conditions.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbit', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivated motility']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While @entity717 in individuals with @entity16 such as @entity64 and @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) has been studied for many years, the effects of @entity508 on arm movement have been poorly quantified. The present study is designed to characterize the nature of impaired arm movements associated with @entity508 in these two clinical populations. By comparing impaired @entity717 between these two groups, we will gain a greater understanding of the effects of the type of @entity508 on these movements and, potentially a better understanding of the underlying impairment mechanisms. METHODS: We characterized the kinematics and kinetics of rapid arm movement in @entity1566 and neurologically intact subjects and in both the paretic and non-paretic limbs in @entity64 subjects. The kinematics of rapid elbow extension over the entire range of motion were quantified by measuring movement trajectory and its derivatives; i.e. movement velocity and acceleration. The kinetics were quantified by measuring maximum isometric voluntary contractions of elbow flexors and extensors. The movement smoothness was estimated using two different computational techniques. RESULTS: Most kinematic and kinetic and movement smoothness parameters changed significantly in paretic as compared to normal arms in @entity64 subjects (p < 0.003). Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in these parameters between @entity1566 and @entity64 subjects, except for the movement smoothness (p < or = 0.02). Extension was significantly less smooth in the paretic compared to the non-paretic arm in the @entity64 group (p < 0.003), whereas it was within the normal range in the @entity1566 group. There was also no significant difference in these parameters between the non-paretic arm in @entity64 subjects and the normal arm in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that although the cause and location of injury are different in @entity64 and @entity1566 subjects, the impairments in arm @entity717 were similar in the two spastic groups. Our results also suggest that the non-paretic arm in @entity64 subjects was not distinguishable from the normal, and might therefore be used as an appropriate control for studying movement of the paretic arm.

title: Upper limb impairments associated with @entity508 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'spastic stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movements', 'upper-extremity movement', 'voluntary movement']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological disorders']


abstract: The development of a precise, mathematical relationship between blood pressure and renal @entity854 would be highly desirable. Such a relationship would require that abnormalities be quantitative on a rational scale. The dominant abnormality in @entity9161 occurs in arcuate and cortical arteries of 50 to 400 micron outer diameter. This abnormality consists of acquired inner layers of fibroplastic tissue accompanied by variable @entity82 or withering of the preexisting vessel wall. It is this pathologic variable of interest, the amount of @entity3385 , that can be measured by its thickness in a direction perpendicular to the @entity432 . A method for quantitating the @entity3385 is described. Use of this method in a series of 93 autopsies suggests two tentative conclusions. The outer diameter of 141 micron marks the size of artery in which @entity3385 best correlates with blood pressure. The linear function, mean blood pressure = 1.60 X microvascular lesions +79.7, with correlation coefficient 0.698, governs a relationship similar at all ages. This relationship can be used to compute expected blood pressure from measurements of @entity854 in kidneys obtained at autopsy. Because all ages include ages 14 to 21 years, the observations imply that the initial tissue changes of @entity101 disease occur early in life.

title: Quantitation of @entity101 XXXX on an objective rational scale of measure in adults and children.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial axis']

answer: @entity9161 :: (MESH:D009400,Disease) :: ['nephrosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 undergoing tricuspid valve surgery have a mortality of 9.8%, which is higher than expected given the complexity of the procedure. Despite @entity409 seen in many @entity1 with @entity66 , no existing risk model accounts for this. The @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) score accurately predicts mortality for abdominal surgery. The objective of this study was to determine if @entity3851 could accurately predict mortality after tricuspid valve surgery and compare it to existing risk models. METHODS: From 1994 to 2008, 168 @entity1 (mean age, 61 +/- 14 years; male = 72, female = 96) underwent tricuspid repair (n = 156) or replacement (n = 12). Concomitant operations were performed in 87% (146 of 168). @entity1 with history of @entity82 or @entity3851 score 15 or greater ( @entity3851 = 3.8*LN [total @entity648 ] + 11.2*log normal [international normalized ratio] + 9.6*log normal [ @entity1011 ] + 6.4) were compared with @entity1 without @entity409 or @entity3851 score less than 15. Preoperative risk, intraoperative findings, and complications including operative mortality were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using chi(2), Fisher's exact test, and area under the curve (AUC) analyses. RESULTS: @entity1 with a history of @entity409 or @entity3851 score of 15 or greater had significantly higher mortality (18.9% [7 of 37] versus 6.1% [8 of 131], p = 0.024). To further characterize the effect of @entity3851 , @entity1 were stratified by @entity3851 alone. No major differences in demographics or operation were identified between groups. Mortality increased as @entity3851 score increased, especially when @entity3851 score of 15 or greater (p = 0.0015). A @entity3851 score less than 10, 10 to 14.9, 15 to 19.9, and more than 20 was associated with operative mortality of 1.9%, 6.8%, 27.3%, and 30.8%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, @entity3851 score of 15 or greater remained strongly associated with mortality (p = 0.0021). The @entity3851 score predicted mortality (AUC = 0.78) as well as the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation logistic risk calculator (AUC = 0.78, p = 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3851 score predicts mortality in @entity1 undergoing tricuspid valve surgery and offers a simple and effective method of risk stratification in these @entity1 .

title: Model for end-stage XXXX predicts mortality for tricuspid valve surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'Model for End-Stage Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: Chemicals can increase carcinogenic risk by either directly damaging DNA or increasing cell replication or they can do both. These effects have different implications for a biologically-based extrapolation from rodent bioassays to @entity1 . @entity5997 ( @entity5997 ) administered at low doses to @entity19 for a lifetime has a different dose-response for the liver (approximately linear) compared to the urinary bladder (apparent no effect dose of 45 ppm with a sigmoidal dose response at 60-150 ppm), which can be explained if carcinogen metabolism, DNA adduct formation and cell proliferation effects are considered. In contrast to @entity5997 and other genotoxic chemicals, chemicals which form calculi in the urine do not generally damage DNA directly but increase cell proliferation dramatically by eroding the bladder surface, leading to regenerative @entity1373 . This occurs only at doses at which calculi form; lower doses do not produce calculi and, therefore, do not increase cell proliferation or cause @entity5 . Extrapolation to @entity1 from the rodent bioassay should be dependent on dose requirements for formation of calculi rather than any type of statistical extrapolation to lower doses. @entity8021 and other @entity11929 administered at high doses to @entity35 also produce @entity150 by increasing cell proliferation. These salts do not affect @entity19 , hamsters, @entity840 or monkeys. Based on dose and mechanistic considerations, @entity8021 and these other @entity1372 salts are unlikely to be @entity1 carcinogens. Extrapolation to possible @entity1 @entity5 risk requires biological determinations rather than simply using statistical formulations.

title: Cell proliferation in the bladder and implications for XXXX risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin', 'Saccharin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5997 :: ('MESH:D015073', 'Chemical') :: ['2-AAF', '2-Acetylaminofluorene']

entities_list: @entity11929 :: ('CHEBI:26714', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salts']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A new assay system that can simultaneously provide gene mutagenicity and clastogenicity data in vivo is described. @entity19 (Muta @entity19 ) harboring the lacZ gene as a target for mutation analysis were injected intraperitoneally with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), either once or on 5 successive days. Micronucleus assays were performed with small amounts of peripheral blood collected from a tail vessel. The spontaneous frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes was 0.42%. For the mutation analysis, DNA was extracted from bone marrow and liver cells at several harvest times. The lacZ gene was rescued by lambda packaging and infection of @entity526 C (lac-), followed by plating on agarose plates containing X-gal. The spontaneous lacZ mutant frequencies were 37 and 29 x 10(-6) in bone marrow and liver, respectively. In the micronucleus assay, single treatments with 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg of @entity1139 induced micronuclei in 3.6 and 5.8% of reticulocytes, respectively, peaking 48 h after treatment. Muta @entity19 sensitivity to micronucleus induction was similar to nontransgenic strains used routinely for the micronucleus test. On the other hand, single treatments with @entity1139 at 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg did not induce any significant increases in the frequency of lacZ- mutants in bone marrow or liver. @entity330 , used at 100 mg/kg as a positive control, yielded a 5-fold increase in mutant frequency above untreated animals in bone marrow only. After 5-day treatments, @entity1139 induced approximately a 2-fold increase in mutant frequency in bone marrow only for the sublethal dose of 2 mg/kg. Therefore, this study indicated that the strong clastogenic activity of @entity1139 in bone marrow was not accompanied by significant gene mutagenic activity.

title: The concomitant detection of gene mutation and micronucleus induction by @entity1138 in vivo using lacZ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Mouse', 'Transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: We present the results of chronic electrical stimulation of the hippocampus (ESH) in 9 @entity1 with complex partial @entity410 and at least 18 months follow-up. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was normal in 5 while in 4 @entity1 it showed @entity131 . The @entity410 frequency ranged from 10 to 50 @entity410 per month. All @entity1 were submitted to implantation of diagnostic 8-contact bilateral hippocampal depth electrodes to determine the location of @entity302 foci. Once the focus was located, the diagnostic electrodes were replaced by deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes. Following DBS, all @entity1 improved. With respect to outcome, @entity1 were divided in two groups, one @entity410 -free (5 @entity1 ) and the other with residual @entity410 (4 @entity1 ). Both groups shared similar clinical features. However, the @entity1 who were @entity410 free had normal MRI scan while those who had residual @entity410 were being stimulated on a @entity3808 hippocampus. We conclude that electrical stimulation of the @entity302 hippocampal formation can control mesial temporal @entity410 . Best results are obtained if we stimulate a hippocampus which does not show @entity1463 in the MRI. In these cases, @entity410 are stopped and the recent memory tests improve even in @entity1 with bilateral foci. This result is of extreme importance to @entity1 who have either intractable @entity410 and normal MRI or bilateral epileptogenic foci, are excluded as candidates for temporal lobectomy and are left with no other alternative.

title: The role of neuromodulation of the hippocampus in the treatment of intractable complex partial XXXX of the temporal lobe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the characteristics of @entity612 is @entity2362 degradation and @entity82 of the extracellular matrix of the ligamentum flavum. However, there have been no investigations to determine which biochemical factors cause these histologic changes. So we performed the current study to investigate the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which possess the ability to cause extracellular matrix remodeling, may play a role as a mediator for this malady in the ligamentum flavum. METHODS: The ligamentum flavum specimens were surgically obtained from thirty @entity1 with @entity612 , as well as from 30 control @entity1 with a disc @entity3976 . The extents of ligamentum flavum @entity2362 degradation and @entity82 were graded (grade 0-4) with performing @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. The localization of @entity1476 (gelatinase), @entity1549 (stromelysin) and @entity1550 (collagenase) within the ligamentum flavum tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of the active forms of @entity1476 , @entity1549 and @entity1550 were determined by western blot analysis, and the blots were quantified using an imaging densitometer. The histologic and biochemical results were compared between the two conditions. RESULTS: @entity2362 degradation and @entity82 of the ligamentum flavum were significantly more severe in the @entity612 samples than that in the disc @entity3976 samples (3.14 +/- 0.50 vs. 0.55 +/- 0.60, p < 0.001; 3.10 +/- 0.57 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.52, p < 0.001, respectively). The expressions of the active form of MMPs were identified in all the ligamentum flavums of the @entity612 and disc @entity3976 @entity1 . The expressions of active @entity1476 and @entity1550 were significantly higher in the @entity612 samples than that in the disc @entity3976 samples (both p < 0.05). The expression of active @entity1549 was slightly higher in the @entity612 samples than that in the disc @entity3976 samples, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.131). @entity23836 were positively stained on the ligamentum flavum fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that the increased expression of active MMPs by the ligamentum flavum fibroblasts might be related to the @entity2362 degradation and @entity82 of the ligamentum flavum in the @entity1 who suffer with @entity2649 .

title: The increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases associated with XXXX degradation and @entity82 of the ligamentum flavum in @entity1 with @entity2649 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity2362 :: (2006,Gene) :: ['elastin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to define the morphological features of @entity3361 sites using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity1 with @entity951 ( @entity951 ). BACKGROUND: Plaque characteristics at @entity3361 sites have not been investigated systematically. METHODS: Sixty-nine consecutive @entity1 (80 @entity2473 sites) presenting with @entity951 who underwent OCT imaging were included in this study. Fibrous cap disruption was identified by the discontinuation of fibrous cap with or without intraplaque cavity formation. OCT-defined erosion was established by the presence of @entity715 with or without lumen irregularity overlying an intact fibrous cap on multiple adjacent OCT frames. Other morphological features such as the absence of @entity715 with or without lumen irregularity and those not in the previously mentioned criteria were also documented. RESULTS: Plaque was seen on OCT in 79 of the 80 @entity2473 sites. Fibrous cap disruption was detected at 3 sites (4%). OCT-defined erosion was observed at 21 @entity2473 sites (26%). @entity715 with lumen irregularity was observed in 20 sites, whereas 1 site had @entity715 without lumen irregularity. Lumen irregularity without @entity715 was observed at 49 @entity2473  sites (61%). Spontaneous @entity2473 was seen more frequently in @entity1 with @entity583 and out-of-hospital @entity1167 than in @entity1 without these conditions (50.0% vs. 19.3%, p  = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that OCT-defined erosion at @entity2473 sites occurred in more than one-fourth of @entity1 in this study. Luminal irregularity was observed in nearly two-thirds of the @entity1 without overlying @entity715 . These findings suggest the potential role of antiplatelet therapy in @entity951 .

title: OCT-Defined Morphological Characteristics of XXXX  Sites in @entity951 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina', 'VSA']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus']

answer: @entity3361 :: (MESH:D003329,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Spasm']


abstract: Selective dorsal rhizotomy is increasingly used for management of spastic @entity306 but rates of hip stability following the operation have not been reported. Determining hip stability by radiographic measurement of lateral migration of the femoral head beyond a lateral edge of the acetabulum after dorsal rhizotomy allows an objective assessment of the outcome of the operation. This prospective study examined the effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy on lateral migration of the femoral head in 45 @entity1 with spastic @entity306 . The @entity1 ranged in age from 2 to 9 years (average 5 years 1 month) and were grouped according to their ages with 23 @entity1 in the 2- to 4-year-old group and 22 @entity1 in the 5- to 9-year-old group. Postoperative follow up ranged from 7 to 50 months (average 20 months). The Reimers @entity4222 ( @entity4222 ), a measure of the lateral migration of the femoral head, was calculated from anteroposterior hip radiographs taken prior to the operation and at the last follow-up examination. Of the 90 hips involved, 9% improved, 80% remained unchanged, and 11% worsened, yielding a radiographic stability rate of 89%. The hips with postrhizotomy worsening of the @entity4222 had an average preoperative @entity4222 of 14% (range 9% to 38%) and an average postoperative increase in @entity4222 of 18% (range 11% to 37%). Of the 45 @entity1 , four subsequently underwent unilateral derotational femoral osteotomies for persistent or worsening hip subluxation. There was a significant tendency for the @entity4222 to worsen in @entity1 with lower prerhizotomy @entity4222 values (chi 2 = 20.74, df = 4, p = 0.001), but the age of @entity1 and their ambulatory status at the time of rhizotomy had no bearing on postoperative hip stability. The data indicate that selective dorsal rhizotomy prevents progressive lateral migration of the femoral head in the majority of @entity1 who undergo the operation for @entity1688 .

title: Changes in hip migration after selective dorsal rhizotomy for XXXX in @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['MP', 'migration percentage']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['spastic quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['spastic quadriplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is important to identify optimal regimens of @entity900 -based, third-generation chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy for @entity1 with unresectable, Stage III, @entity1149 . METHODS: @entity1 with unresectable, @entity5 were treated with the following regimen: @entity900 80 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29, with @entity2600 60 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, and 43 and 30 mg/m(2) on days 57, 64, 71, 78, 85 and 92. Thoracic radiotherapy was started on day 57 at 2 Gy/day (total 60 Gy). RESULTS: From February 1998 to January 1999, 68 @entity1 were enrolled. Grade 3/4 @entity137 during induction chemotherapy primarily included @entity1398 (73.5%) and @entity294 (20.6%), while Grade 3/4 @entity137 during concomitant thoracic radiotherapy with @entity2600 consisted of @entity1398 (18.4%), @entity2910 (4.1%) and @entity519 (6.5%). There was one treatment-related @entity204 due to radiation @entity55 . The response rate was 64.7% (95% confidence interval, 52.2-75.9%). The median survival time was 16.5 (95% confidence interval, 12.6-19.8) months. The 1- and 2 year survival rates were 65.8% (95% confidence interval, 54.4-77.1%) and 32.9% (95% confidence interval, 21.6-44.1%), respectively. Overall, only 36 (56%) completed both the scheduled chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Induction chemotherapy with @entity900 plus @entity2600 followed by low-dose @entity2600 and concomitant thoracic radiotherapy was feasible according to the prespecified decision criteria in this study for @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 . We did not decide to select this regimen for further investigations because approximately half of the @entity1 completed the scheduled treatment.

title: A phase II study of @entity900 and @entity2600 as induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant thoracic radiotherapy with weekly low-dose @entity2600 in unresectable, stage III, XXXX : JCOG 9706.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical application of @entity2518 (ALA) assisted fluorescence cystoscopy for early detection of @entity150 and completely transurethral resection. METHOD: ALA-assisted fluorescence cystoscopy was performed on 51 cases of anodynia haematuria. Fluorescence cystoscopy was performed with a D-Light system 2-3h after intravesical instillation of @entity2518 . Biopsy was performed in fluorescence positive regions and/or the fluorescence negative regions with an abnormal gross appearance under a white light. Thirty-two biopsies were subjected to frozen sectioning and the fluorescence distributions were analyzed with a confocal fluorescence microscopy and PpIX fluorescence contents in different tissues were quantified. Transurethral resection was performed in fluorescence positive regions. RESULTS: Red fluorescence (fluorescence positive) was found in 47 cases, among them 40 @entity189 and seven benign lesions confirmed by pathological examination; fluorescence negative was found in four cases of benign lesions. The sensitivity of fluorescence cystoscope for the diagnosis of @entity150 was 97.1% (68/70) with a false-positive rate of 23.6% (21/89). Micro-fluorescence positive regions were found near the @entity5 or at distant region in 19 cases of @entity1606 with @entity189 in situ unidentifiable with white light, and were confirmed of the existence of @entity5 by biopsy. ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence was mainly distributed on the surface layer of the tissue and @entity13880 fluorescence was fairly weak in the deep tissue. Fluorescence quantization showed that the fluorescence intensity of the surface layer of the tissue was 5-10 fold higher than deep tissue, which was correlated with the grade of @entity5 (G3>G1-2), but the mean fluorescence intensity in @entity5 tissue was significantly higher than that of benign lesions. CONCLUSION: ALA-assisted fluorescence cystoscope offers a simple photodynamic diagnosis approach for the diagnosis of @entity150 , in particular, flat and small malignant lesions.

title: The application of @entity2518 -induced fluorescence for cystoscopic diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas', 'two carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Identifying predictors of outcome among @entity1 with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) is challenging. We hypothesised that discrepancy between self-rated and observer-rated scales may be a simple way of making such a prediction. METHOD: 102 @entity1 were admitted to a unit specialising in the treatment of resistant @entity308 and underwent fortnightly assessment with clinician-rated (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21, HAM-D) and self-rated (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) measures. All @entity1 had significant @entity308 that were treatment resistant, 70% as part of a major @entity308 and the remainder as part of a @entity162 . A discrepancy score between the HAM-D and BDI was calculated on admission and its association with @entity1 clinico-demographic factors was determined. A subset of 67 @entity1 remained as inpatients for 40 weeks or until clinical response and were entered into a responder analysis, in which response was defined as >= 50% reduction in admission HAM-D score. The association of the admission BDI-HAM-D discrepancy score with subsequent @entity1 response, was determined. RESULTS: The magnitude of BDI-HAM-D discrepancy was higher in those with co-morbid @entity1314 , lower in those with @entity716 and positively correlated with @entity148 . High BDI-HAM-D discrepancy score predicted delayed treatment response (odds ratio 5.40, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Within @entity13217 , higher discrepancy predicts slower response to treatment independent of objective illness severity; this may be mediated by underlying personality traits and co-morbid @entity148 .

title: Discrepancy between subjective and objective severity in XXXX : prediction of treatment outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar or other disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'treatment-resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

answer: @entity13217 :: (MESH:D061218,Disease) :: ['treatment-resistant depression']