abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity29774 , a selective @entity29775 inhibitor, for the treatment of post-operative @entity158 and @entity32 in @entity468 . The study was a prospective, multi-centre, randomised, blinded, non-inferiority design clinical study to compare @entity29774 to @entity9213 . Ninety-six @entity468 undergoing surgery at eight centres in Japan were allocated randomly to receive a single s.c. injection of @entity29774 (2 mg/kg, n=67) or @entity9213 (0.3 mg/kg, n=29) shortly before induction of anaesthesia. Most @entity468 underwent soft tissue surgery (n=87), mainly ovariectomy (n=68). Post-operative @entity158 and @entity32 were assessed at 3, 8 and 22 h after recovery from anaesthesia using numerical rating scales. For the primary efficacy endpoint (total clinician score), @entity29774 had significantly better efficacy than @entity9213 , the relative efficacy ratio being 1.47 (95% confidence interval 1.19-1.78, P=0.0003). For the secondary efficacy endpoints, @entity29774 was superior to @entity9213 when assessed on the basis of posture, behaviour, @entity158 on palpation and @entity158 control, while @entity9213 was superior with respect to wound heat. No cat in either group required rescue analgesia therapy. In tolerability assessments, @entity158 during injection and @entity158 and @entity32 at the injection site 22 h after recovery from anaesthesia were rated significantly less with @entity29774 compared to @entity9213 . Both treatments were well tolerated on the basis of clinical observations and blood tests, with no significant differences between groups. In conclusion, single pre-operative administration of @entity29774 was well tolerated and had superior efficacy to @entity9213 in reducing post-operative @entity158 in @entity468 .

title: Comparison of injectable XXXX versus @entity9213 for peri-operative use in @entity468 : results of a randomised clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['overall pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity29774 :: ('MESH:C551524', 'Chemical') :: ['robenacoxib']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam']

answer: @entity29774 :: (MESH:C551524,Chemical) :: ['robenacoxib']


abstract: Tissue morphogenesis requires stereotyped cell shape changes, such as apical cell constriction in the mesoderm and cell intercalation in the ventrolateral ectoderm of @entity238 . Both processes require force generation by an actomyosin network. The subcellular localization of @entity24306 ( @entity24306 ) dictates these different morphogenetic processes. In the intercalating ectoderm @entity24306 is mostly cortical, but in the mesoderm @entity24306 is concentrated in a medial meshwork. We report that apical constriction is repressed by @entity29000 / @entity29001 signalling in the lateral ectoderm independently of Twist. Inactivation of the @entity29000 / @entity29001 pathway causes germband extension defects because of apical constriction ventrolaterally. This is associated with ectopic recruitment of @entity24306 in a medial web, which causes apical cell constriction as shown by laser nanosurgery. Reducing @entity24306 levels rescues the @entity29000 / @entity29001 mutant phenotype, whereas overexpression of the @entity24306 (also known as Zipper), or constitutive activation of its regulatory light chain, does not cause medial accumulation of @entity24306 nor apical constriction. Thus, @entity29000 / @entity29001 controls @entity24306 localization by additional mechanisms. We show that regulation of actin polymerization by @entity31076 , but not by Dia, is important in this process. Constitutive activation of @entity31076 , a branched actin regulator, causes apical cell constriction and promotes medial 'web' formation. @entity31076 is inactivated at the cell cortex in the germband by @entity29000 / @entity29001 signalling. Lastly, @entity31076 mutants rescue the normal cortical enrichment of @entity24306 and inhibit apical constriction in @entity29000 / @entity29001 mutants, indicating that @entity31076 is an effector of @entity29000 / @entity29001 signalling in the germband. We discuss possible models for the role of @entity31076 activity in the regulation of @entity24306 distribution.

title: Repression of @entity31076 by @entity29000 / XXXX signalling inhibits medial actomyosin network assembly and apical cell constriction in intercalating epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity29001 :: (42428(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['STAT']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ras/ @entity8496 /mitogen-activated protein-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase ( @entity8047 )/ERK signaling is critical for @entity5 cell proliferation and survival. @entity17528 is a potent, selective, and orally available @entity16629 inhibitor. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of @entity17528 alone or with @entity19977 , an orally available potent inhibitor of all three @entity7 receptor ( @entity319 ) tyrosine kinases, in @entity19 orthotopic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: NCI-H441 or @entity1 @entity984 -mutant @entity1 @entity1149 cells were injected into the lungs of @entity19 . @entity19 were randomly assigned to treatment with @entity17528 , @entity19977 , @entity1311 , @entity17528 plus @entity19977 , or control. When controls became moribund, all animals were sacrificed and assessed for @entity2 burden and locoregional @entity3 . @entity2 and adjacent normal tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: @entity17528 inhibited @entity2 growth and, particularly at higher dose, reduced locoregional @entity3 , as did @entity19977 . Combining @entity17528 and @entity19977 markedly enhanced their antitumor effects, with near complete suppression of @entity3 . Immunohistochemistry of @entity5 tissues revealed that @entity17528 alone or with @entity19977 reduced ERK phosphorylation, angiogenesis, and @entity5 cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. The antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects were substantially enhanced when the agents were combined. @entity17528 also inhibited @entity2 @entity7 production and @entity319 signaling. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we evaluated therapy directed against @entity8047 combined with antiangiogenic therapy in distinct orthotopic @entity1149 models. @entity8047 inhibition resulted in potent antiangiogenic effects with decreased @entity7 expression and signaling. Combining @entity17528 with @entity19977 enhanced their antitumor and antiangiogenic effects. We conclude that combining @entity17528 and @entity19977 represents a promising strategy for the treatment of @entity1149 .

title: Combined XXXX and @entity319 inhibition in orthotopic @entity1 @entity2 models results in enhanced inhibition of @entity5 angiogenesis, growth, and @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung tumors', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity19977 :: ('MESH:C500926', 'Chemical') :: ['cediranib']

entities_list: @entity17528 :: ('MESH:C517975', 'Chemical') :: ['Selumetinib', 'selumetinib']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity8047 :: (5609,Gene) :: ['MEK']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the prevalence and clinicoradiologic features of @entity2 detected at cardiac computed tomography (CT) and compare the detection rates at different field-of-view (FOV) settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for @entity1 consent. @entity1 with @entity2 initially detected at cardiac CT were identified by means of a retrospective search of a @entity2 registry @entity1 database between January 2004 and December 2007. @entity1 known to have @entity2 at the time of cardiac CT were excluded. The prevalence and clinical and radiologic features of @entity2 were evaluated. The rates of @entity2 detection at three FOVs-limited and full FOV at cardiac scanning and full FOV at thoracic scanning-were compared by using McNemar testing. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2 detected at CT was 0.31% (36 of 11654 @entity1 , 16 [44%] never smokers) and was higher in @entity1 suspected or known to have @entity453 (0.43% [24 of 5615 @entity1 ]) than in asymptomatic screening-examined @entity1 (0.20% [12 of 5924 @entity1 ]) (P = .0457). @entity420 was the most common (in 31 [86%] of 36 @entity1 ) histologic subtype. Of 34 @entity1149 , 23 (68%)-including 16 stage IA @entity5 -were resectable. Four (11%) and 19 (53%) of the 36 CT-depicted @entity5 were visible in limited and full FOV at cardiac scanning, respectively, and 17 (47%) were visible in full FOV at thoracic scanning only. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity2 at cardiac CT was 0.31%; and 68% of these @entity5 were at a resectable stage. Use of a limited FOV at cardiac scanning led to a large majority (89% [32 of 36 @entity5 ]) of the @entity2 detected at full thoracic scanning being missed; thus, inclusion of the entire chest at cardiac CT is advisable.

title: XXXX detected at cardiac CT: prevalence, clinicoradiologic features, and importance of full-field-of-view images.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To elucidate the effect of @entity3150 on the aggregation of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) in @entity970 -phospholipid micelles and its consequences on the hemolytic activity of @entity11015 . METHODS: @entity11015 -incorporated @entity970 -phospholipid micelles co-loaded with @entity12364 , @entity165 , or @entity14952 were prepared at 4:1:1 and 20:5:1 ratios of polymer-to- @entity5068 -to- @entity11015 . The aggregation state of @entity11015 was elucidated by UV-vis spectroscopy. @entity11015 / @entity5068 co-loaded @entity970 -phospholipid micelles were incubated with red blood cells and the hemolytic activity of @entity11015 assessed by measurement of free hemoglobin. RESULTS: @entity11015 in @entity970 -phospholipid micelles stayed mostly in a deaggregated state in the absence of @entity5068 or with @entity165 , but aggregated in the presence of @entity12364 or @entity14952 . The fraction of aggregated @entity11015 in @entity970 -phospholipid micelles was lower at the 20:5:1 ratio. In an aggregated state or in the absence of @entity5068 , @entity11015 caused rapid and complete @entity2142 . In contrast, deaggregated @entity11015 co-loaded with @entity165 caused slower and incomplete @entity2142 , especially at a 20:5:1 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: The aggregation state of @entity11015 in @entity970 -phospholipid micelles was @entity5068 dependant. @entity11015 / @entity165 co-loaded @entity970 -phospholipid micelles caused low in vitro @entity2142 due to deaggregation of @entity11015 and micellar stability, presumably owing to @entity165 /phospholipid versus @entity165 / @entity11015 interactions in the interior core region.

title: @entity2379 / @entity5068 co-loaded XXXX -phospholipid micelles: effects of @entity3150 on aggregation state and hemolytic activity of @entity2379 .

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity14952 :: ('MESH:C016705', 'Chemical') :: ['7-dehydrocholesterol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity970 :: (CHEBI:46793,Chemical) :: ['PEG']


abstract: Numbers-needed-to-treat (NNT) are useful for presenting treatment response, conveying the clinical relevance of results. NNTs are typically calculated at a landmark endpoint (end of trial), but often using the last observation carried forward (LOCF), which ignores @entity1 discontinuations. We compared NNTs in @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) using three separate imputation methods, using data from two identical 12-week trials comparing @entity14296 60 mg (N=210), 90 mg (N=212), and placebo (N=217). We calculated the number of @entity1 with improvements in @entity158 intensity from baseline of >= 15%, >= 30%, >= 50%, and >= 70% at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. For longitudinal response over time, @entity1 discontinuations were assigned a 0% improvement from dropout forward. Landmark response at week 12 was assessed using LOCF and completer approaches, using only observed (non-missing) data. The longitudinal approach was most conservative; after 12 weeks 65% of @entity1 taking @entity14296 had >= 15% improvement, 60% had >= 30% improvement, 45% had >= 50%, improvement, and 30% had >= 70% improvement, with placebo rates approximately 55%, 45%, 30%, and 15%, respectively. Response rates were higher with landmark analyses. Landmark NNTs at week 12 were generally similar or slightly lower (better) than those from a longitudinal approach, but results were inconsistent. Landmark analyses provide no information on response variability, as is obtained with longitudinal analysis. Outcome, imputation method, and reporting method are intimately connected and need to be considered alongside trial quality and validity to make sensible comparisons between treatments.

title: Numbers-needed-to-treat analyses--do timing, dropouts, and outcome matter? Pooled analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled XXXX trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14296 :: ('MESH:C422649', 'Chemical') :: ['etoricoxib']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioscopy with a flexible steerable microangioscope was performed in five @entity1 undergoing repeat angioplasty. Recurrent lesions were assessed by angioscopy before and after the angioplasty procedure. The most common surface morphology observed in these @entity75 was that of @entity62 consistent with the proliferation of fibrous tissue. Also noted during angioscopy was the presence or absence of @entity715 or dissection in association with the lesions either before or after angioplasty. Filmy wisps of tissue, presumably intimal flaps, were commonly visualized after angioplasty. There were no complications related to angioscopy or angioplasty in these @entity1 . The surface morphology of @entity75 appears to be different from that of primary @entity731 . The lesions in these five @entity1 with @entity256 were generally white and fibrotic in appearance, as opposed to the pigmented yellow to yellow-brown lesions commonly seen in undilated @entity731 . It was also noted that the presence of intracoronary @entity715 was strongly associated with the clinical syndrome of @entity1459 . These findings support the hypothesis that @entity75 are the result of a reparative process consisting of smooth muscle cell proliferation and @entity82 .

title: Percutaneous coronary angioscopy in XXXX with @entity256 after coronary angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis lesions']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white unpigmented lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dentistry is one of the professions that requires a high degree of concentration during the treatment of @entity1 . There are many predisposing factors, affecting dentists when working on the @entity1 's teeth, including neck flexion, arm abduction and inflexible postural positions, which may put them at the risk of developing @entity85 related to the neck. Although dentists with long records of service show different levels of @entity158 and discomfort in their necks, there is no evidence regarding whether younger dentists report @entity4048 before the onset of an abnormal condition in this region, including forward head posture (FHP). Discovering any alteration in the head posture of dentists might confirm one of the reasons for @entity4048 in this population. MATERIALS: Forty one dentists with no @entity4048 and forty controls having jobs other than dentistry who had no risk factors related to head posture voluntarily participated in the present study. A standard method was used to measure the cervical curve in these two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the mean values of cervical curve in dentists and the control group (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between cervical curve values in dentists working for either 5-8 years or 8-12 years (p > 0.05). The only significant difference was observed in mean cervical curve values of @entity1 and @entity1 in the dentist group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: No alteration of cervical curve in the dentist group compared to controls might be due to absence of @entity158 sensation in the dentists in the current study. In other words, this group might have not yet experienced sufficient change in head posture to experience significant @entity158 in their neck region.

title: Evaluating the head posture of dentists with no XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['neck pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massive @entity3728 is a rare but devastating complication of cardiac operations. Several treatment modalities have been proposed, but hyperbaric @entity26 is the specific therapy. METHODS: The Israel Naval Medical Institute is the only referral hyperbaric center in this country for acute care @entity1 . We reviewed our experience in the hyperbaric @entity26 treatment of massive @entity3728 during cardiac operations. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 were treated between 1985 and 1998. Eight @entity1 (47.1%) experienced a complete neurologic recovery; 6 @entity1 (35.3%) remained unconscious at discharge, and 3 @entity1 (17.6%) died. Mean (+/- SD) delay from the end of the operation to hyperbaric therapy was 9.6 +/- 7.4 hours (range, 1-20 hours). This delay was 4.0 +/- 3.4 hours (1-12 hours) for @entity1 who had a full neurologic recovery, 12.8 +/- 7.1 hours (5-20 hours) for @entity1 with severe @entity16 , and 18.0 +/- 2.0 hours (16-20 hours) for @entity1 who died (1-way analysis of variance; P =.002). The source of variance among the groups mainly resulted from the short delay for @entity1 who experienced complete recovery compared with the other 2 groups (Tukey test). All 5 @entity1 who were treated within 3 hours from the operation and 50% (2 of 4 @entity1 ) of those @entity1 treated 3 to 5 hours from operation experienced a full neurologic recovery. With a delay of 9 to 20 hours, only 1 of 8 @entity1 had a full neurologic recovery. The association between outcome and treatment delay was found to be statistically significant (tau = 0.65 with exact 2-sided P value =.0007). CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy should be administered as soon as possible after massive @entity3728 during cardiac operations.

title: Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy for massive XXXX during cardiac operations.

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['arterial air embolism']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disability']

answer: @entity3728 :: (MESH:D004618,Disease) :: ['arterial air embolism']


abstract: @entity4422 still represent a major challenge for the treating surgeon and frequently demand a complex of soft tissue and bone procedures to achieve an undisturbed healing with adequate limb function. However, despite improvement in operative techniques and antibiotic therapy septic complications still occur in severe open @entity174 forms up to 50%. They are still deleterious for the @entity1 as well as a major economic factor for the treating hospital. Radical (repetitive) debridement of the wound and coverage of soft tissue defects are of utmost importance in the prophylaxis of septic complications along with antibiotic therapy. If the local wound requires flap coverage, early performed procedures yield a clear decrease of @entity281 rates even in most severe @entity174 forms. Osseous stabilization contributes to @entity281 prophylaxis, especially when the implants can be inserted in a minimal invasive way and provide an adequate handling of soft tissues and the wound. Thus, most often intramedullary nails and external fixators are used today for osteosynthesis. Recently developed plates with angular stability offer a promising alternative even in open @entity174 , especially when there is an extension of the @entity174 into the meaphyseal area though indications have to be evaluated. Manifest septic complications demand an early and @entity146 approach with radical eradication of the septic topic. While @entity697 require most often only minor surgical procedures and offer the chance to leave implants in situ, @entity281 usually demand complex reconstructive measures of bones and soft tissues.

title: XXXX and @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['Open fractures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'chronic infections']

answer: @entity4422 :: (MESH:D005597,Disease) :: ['Open fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of @entity1311 and @entity3003 (TC) in @entity1 with metastatic or recurrent cervical @entity5 . METHODS: This was a multicenter phase II trial of 3 weekly @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) 3-hour iv day 1 followed by @entity3003 AUC5 1-hour iv day 1 for maximum of 6 cycles until disease progression or prohibitive @entity137 . Eligible @entity1 had squamous or @entity420 with measurable stage IVB or recurrent, aged 20-75 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, prior @entity902 -containing regimen 0-1, and no prior @entity3907 . The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) by RECIST. RESULTS: 41 @entity1 were enrolled, of which 39 were evaluable for analysis. 33 @entity1 (84.6%) received prior radiotherapy. The confirmed ORR was 59% (95% CI, 43% to 75%); 5 @entity1 (13%) achieved a complete response and median response duration was 5.2 months. The response rates for @entity1 who had @entity420 (n=10) and prior @entity902 -based chemotherapy<6 months (n=7) were 40.0% and 0%, respectively. The median progression-free survival and overall survival times were 5.3 and 9.6 months, respectively. The most frequent grade 3 or 4 adverse events were @entity1398 (79%), @entity417 (46%), @entity882 (15%), and @entity1295 (8%). No treatment-related @entity204 was seen. CONCLUSIONS: TC seemed to be feasible and effective similar to other @entity900 -based doublets for the treatment of metastatic or recurrent cervical @entity5 . Phase III trial is warranted to establish the clinical benefits of this combination.

title: A multi-institutional phase II trial of @entity1311 and XXXX in the treatment of advanced or recurrent cervical @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cervix', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Wound healing is a complex process that involves coordinated interactions between diverse immunological and biological systems. Long-term wounds remain a challenging clinical problem, affecting approximately 6 million @entity1 per year, with a high economic impact. To exacerbate the problem, these wounds render the individual susceptible to life-threatening microbial infections. Because current therapeutic strategies have proved suboptimal, it is imperative to focus on new therapeutic approaches and the development of technologies for both short- and long-term wound management. In recent years, @entity842 (NO) has emerged as a critical molecule in wound healing, with NO levels increasing rapidly after skin damage and gradually decreasing as the healing process progresses. In this study, we examined the effects of a novel NO-releasing nanoparticle technology on wound healing in @entity19 . The results show that the NO nanoparticles (NO-np) significantly accelerated wound healing. NO-np modified leukocyte migration and increased @entity5 growth factor-b production in the wound area, which subsequently promoted angiogenesis to enhance the healing process. By using @entity1 dermal fibroblasts, we demonstrate that NO-np increased fibroblast migration and collagen deposition in wounded tissue. Together, these data show that NO-releasing nanoparticles have the ability to modulate and accelerate wound healing in a pleiotropic manner.

title: XXXX -releasing nanoparticles accelerate wound healing by promoting fibroblast migration and collagen deposition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: The first aim of the study was to determine the survival rate of the @entity1 with @entity189 of the Unknown Primary (CUP) in relation to lymph node status and eventual later identification of the @entity5 . To second one was to investigate the impact of PET-CT on identification of the @entity5 . We studied 97 @entity1 sent to our University Medical Center with diagnosis of @entity3 of unknown @entity5 between 1.1.1997 and 1.9.2009. All @entity1 had panendoscopy and some had PET-CT at later period. All susceptible @entity1 had a surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. After the completed their treatment they were followed up at ENT department. With preoperative examinations we discovered 48 @entity5 . Only in one case of 13 the PET-CT detected the @entity5 not confirmed with other examination methods. After the treatment we found @entity5 in 10 @entity1 . In 39 @entity1 we didn't discover any @entity5 . The 2-year overall survival for 10 @entity1 with found @entity5 was 80.0%, the 2-year overall survival for the 39 @entity1 without discovered @entity5 was 73.8%. The 2-year disease-specific survival for 10 @entity1 with found @entity5 was 90.0%, the 2-year disease-specific survival for 39 @entity1 without discovered @entity5 was 81.6%. The 2-year overall survival for high neck level lymph node @entity3 group (N = 36) was 80.1%, the 2-year overall survival for low neck level lymph node group (N = 13) was 61.5%. PET-CT method was not particularly useful in detecting @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity3 with unknown primary. @entity1 with high neck level lymph node @entity3 had statistically significant better survival.

title: Cervical lymph node XXXX of squamous cell carcinoma from unknown @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe a male with functionally impairing radial deviation of the thumb who presented to us at 24  years of age. Two @entity272 had been excised 7  years before because of consecutive skin contracture. Latest radiological examination showed a spotted pattern consistent with @entity19622 . CASE PRESENTATION: A corrective osteotomy of the thumb was carried out due to the @entity1 discomfort. Facing the simultaneous osteo-cutaneous @entity600 we postulated a @entity19621 . @entity19621 is a rare @entity74 of connective tissue with typical osteo-cutaneous manifestations. To explore our hypothesis, biopsies were taken from the affected @entity79 and surrounding skin and soft tissue for histological investigation and genetic testing of the @entity34265 gene was performed on blood of the @entity1 . The histology showed typical changes of the bone architecture and a fibrotic collagenous nodule of the skin. The genetic testing on DNA extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes confirmed a heterozygous loss of function mutation in the @entity34265 ( @entity34265 ) gene coding for the inner nuclear membrane protein @entity34265 , which causes @entity19622 by antagonizing @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and @entity6861 ( @entity6861 ) signalling. CONCLUSIONS: In atypical cases of simultaneous occurrence of @entity272 and a spotted pattern in the X- @entity16039 we recommend the genetic screening of the @entity34265 gene. A correct diagnosis of @entity19621 is necessary to spare @entity1 from expensive investigations and to provide reassurance about the benign nature of the disease.

title: The XXXX : a case report of simultaneous osteo-cutaneous @entity600 in the hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19622 :: ('MESH:D010023', 'Disease') :: ['osteopoikilosis']

entities_list: @entity19621 :: ('MESH:C537415', 'Disease') :: ['Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity34265 :: ('23592', 'Gene') :: ['MAN1', 'LEMD3', 'LEM domain-containing protein 3']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor b']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant hereditary disorder']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic skin lesions', 'fibrotic skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity6861 :: ('649', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein', 'BMP']

answer: @entity19621 :: (MESH:C537415,Disease) :: ['Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The intermediate success and outcome of primary forefoot amputations in @entity1 with @entity6 who have sepsis limited to the forefoot and presumed adequate forefoot perfusion, as determined by means of noninvasive methods, was studied. METHODS: Cases of a university hospital-based practice from January 1984 to April 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 included had @entity6 with @entity295 requiring immediate hospitalization for digit amputations who had adequate arterial circulation for healing based on noninvasive and clinical assessment: palpable pedal pulses (29%), "compressible" ankle pressure of 70 mm Hg or higher (48%), pulsatile metatarsal waveforms (67%), and/or toe pressure higher than 55 mm Hg (36%). All @entity1 underwent a primary single- or multiple-digit amputation (through the interphalangeal joint, metatarsal head, or metatarsal shaft). Additional forefoot procedures (debridement, digit amputation) were performed during the follow-up period as needed for persistent or recurrent @entity281 . The main outcome variables were recurrent or persistent @entity281 (defined as requiring rehospitalization for antibiotics, wound care, and/or reoperation), the number of repeat operations and hospitalizations for salvage of limbs with recurrent or persistent @entity281 , and time to complete forefoot healing or foot amputation. RESULTS: Ninety-two @entity1 who had @entity6 with 97 forefoot @entity281 comprised the study group. Ninety-seven primary digit amputations (34 through interphalangeal joints, 28 through metatarsal heads, 35 through metatarsal shafts) were performed. The median length of hospital stay was 10 days. There were no operative deaths. The mean follow-up period was 21 months (range, 3 days to 105 months). The primary amputation healed (without persistent @entity281 ) in only 38 limbs (39%), at a mean time of 13 +/- 10 weeks. Twenty-three limbs (24%) had not healed the primary amputation without evidence of persistent @entity281 at last follow-up (mean, 12 weeks). Infection persisted in 35 limbs (36%), and @entity281 recurred in 15 of 38 (40%) healed limbs. An average of 1.0 reoperations (range, 0 to 3) and 1.6 rehospitalizations (range, 1 to 4) were involved in salvage attempts in these recurrent/persistent @entity281 . Five persistent and five recurrent @entity281 ultimately healed (mean, 53 weeks). Complete healing was achieved in only 33 of 97 limbs (34%). Twenty-two foot amputations (20 transtibial, two Syme's) were performed (mean, 49 +/- 74 weeks; 20 for persistent @entity281 ). Eighteen persistent/recurrent @entity281 remained unhealed at the last follow-up examination (mean, 105 weeks). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity6 who have sepsis limited to the forefoot requiring acute hospitalization and undergoing primary digit amputations have a high incidence of intermediate-term, persistent, and recurrent @entity281 , leading to a modest rate of limb loss, despite having apparently salvageable lesions and noninvasive evidence of presumed adequate forefoot perfusion.

title: Intermediate-term outcome of primary digit amputations in @entity1 with XXXX who have @entity295 requiring hospitalization and presumed adequate circulatory status.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'foot infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['forefoot sepsis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity734 is a serious public health problem. Moreover, co-occurring mental health and @entity734 are common among drug users. This paper examines @entity146 of young @entity2072 and @entity4521 users using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). A cohort of 1266 young (18-30 years) current regular @entity2072 (705) and @entity4521 (561) users were recruited outside the health services in Barcelona, Madrid and Seville, Spain. The WMH-CIDI was used to evaluate @entity146 ; the Severity of @entity734 Scale ( @entity214 ) measured the degree of @entity734 ; and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ) assessed social support, in a crosssectional study design. About 43% was diagnosed with a lifetime @entity146 . The most common diagnoses were @entity308 (37.5%) and specific @entity913 (6.8%). During the last 12 months, prevalence rates were also slightly higher in @entity4521 group (26.4%) than in @entity2072 cohort (21.7%). Every day @entity2072 consumption, having unstable living conditions and low social support were variables highly associated with @entity146 morbidity in @entity2072 cohort. In @entity4521 cohort, earning money through illegal activities was associated with @entity146 morbidity, while the moderate use of @entity167 acted as a protective factor for mental pathology. Morbidity was associated to having received @entity146 /psychological treatment during the last 12 months in both cohorts. This study has shown a relatively high prevalence of @entity146 morbidity in @entity2072 and @entity4521 users recruited in non-clinical settings. Future studies examining differences between @entity2072 and @entity4521 patterns of consumption associated with @entity1032 are necessary.

title: Psychiatric morbidity among XXXX and @entity4521 users in the community.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental diseases']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'substance abuse disorders', 'Drug abuse', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: Triggered activity due to early afterdepolarizations in the context of prolonged repolarization is believed to cause @entity1166 . The nature of such triggered activity is not clearly defined. Spontaneous action potentials developing from depolarized membrane potentials were studied in @entity235 Purkinje fibers with use of a standard microelectrode technique. Action potentials due to abnormal automaticity and additional depolarizations developing over the repolarization phase were induced by 5 mM @entity9666 superfusion. These action potentials were abolished by 1.0 x 10(-5) M @entity1855 and by @entity460 -free solution, whereas action potential amplitude (Vmax) and spontaneous firing frequency were markedly enhanced by 2.0 x 10(-6) M @entity3044 . High @entity460 solution shortened the action potential duration and precluded additional depolarizations. @entity5126 , 1.0 x 10(-5) M, reduced action potential amplitude (6.9 +/- 1.8%: p less than 0.01), Vmax (15.7 +/- 4.0%; p less than 0.05) and spontaneous firing frequency (18.5 +/- 2.1%; p less than 0.01), but it increased action potential duration measured at -40 mV (19.1 +/- 5.9%; p less than 0.01), which produced additional depolarizations. @entity2643 , 5.0 x 10(-5) M, reduced action potential amplitude (23.4 +/- 3.6%; p less than 0.01), Vmax (44.6 +/- 3.9%; p less than 0.01) and spontaneous firing frequency (41.9 +/- 5.1%; p less than 0.01). @entity2643 obviated the development of additional depolarizations without effect on action potential duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Barium-induced nondriven action potentials as a model of triggered potentials from early afterdepolarizations: significance of slow channel activity and differing effects of XXXX and @entity2643 .

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsade de pointes']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinidine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity5126 :: (MESH:D011802,Chemical) :: ['quinidine']


abstract: Introduction.    Since its first application in 1967, numerous case series indicate that @entity602 ( @entity602 ) is an effective treatment for the management of @entity11252 ( @entity11252 ). However, only one randomized controlled trial has demonstrated that @entity602 provides more effective @entity158 relief than re-operation and conventional medical management. The PROCESS randomized, controlled, multicenter trial aims to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of @entity602 when added to conventional medical management compared to conventional medical management alone in @entity1 with @entity11252 . Methods/Design.    A total of 100 @entity11252 @entity1 with predominantly @entity9 will be recruited from 12 centers and randomized to receive either conventional medical management alone or in combination with @entity602 for a period of 24  months. @entity1 will be evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24  months. At the 6-month visit, @entity1 will be classified as successful (>=    50% @entity158 relief in the legs) or unsuccessful (<  50% @entity158 relief in the legs). If the results of the randomized treatment are unsuccessful, @entity1 can cross over to the alternative treatment arm. Discussion.    This paper highlights the rationale, design, methods, and challenges of an ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial that has been undertaken to obtain conclusive evidence of the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an @entity602 system in @entity1 with @entity11252 .

title: Spinal Cord Stimulation vs. Conventional Medical Management: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study of @entity1 with XXXX (PROCESS Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome', 'FBSS']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic leg pain']

answer: @entity11252 :: (MESH:D055111,Disease) :: ['Failed Back Surgery Syndrome']


abstract: Laparoscopic floppy Nissen fundoplication (LFNF) is an effective treatment for @entity354 . The duration of @entity9458 , after noncomplicated LFNF, may depend on several factors of which @entity158 , @entity1295 and sociocultural factors are the most important. @entity1209 occur mainly on the day of operation. Glucocorticoids are well known for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating and antiemetic effects. We therefore undertook the present study to investigate whether preoperative @entity619 could improve surgical outcome in @entity1 undergoing uncomplicated laparoscopic floppy Nissen fundoplication. From March 2005 to April 2008, 82 @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity619 (8  mg) intravenously, 90  min before skin incision or saline (placebo). @entity1 received a similar standardized anesthetic, surgical and multimodal analgesic treatment. The primary end points were @entity158 and @entity1295 . Preoperatively and at several times during the first 24 postoperative hours, we measured @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity26254 ( @entity650 , @entity1192 ), @entity158 scores and @entity390 , and the number of @entity391 episodes were registered. @entity619 significantly reduced postoperative levels of @entity1851 (p  =  0.01), @entity650 and @entity1192 (p  <  0.05), @entity1295 (p  =  0.01) and @entity158 during the first 24 postoperative hours (p  <  0.05) and the total requirement of analgesic ( @entity6058 ) (p  <  0.05). @entity619 also reduced @entity390 and @entity391 on the day of operation (p  <  0.05). Preoperative @entity619 (8  mg) reduced @entity158 , @entity1295 , @entity390 and @entity391 in @entity1 undergoing uncomplicated LNF when compared with placebo.

title: How does XXXX influence surgical outcome after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication? A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity9458 :: ('MESH:D003289', 'Disease') :: ['convalescence']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['overall pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy still exists regarding closure of @entity118 ( @entity118 ) in @entity1 >40 years of age who are largely asymptomatic or do not have @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ). If left unrepaired, the majority of @entity1 will experience symptoms and will have a shorter life span compared to @entity1 who undergo repair. This study presents the outcomes of closure of @entity118 in adults >40 years using the Amplatzer septal occluder. METHODS: A total of 113 @entity1 (79F/34M) with a mean age of 57.9 years (SD 11.9) who had indications for closure (right ventricular [RV] enlargement by echocardiograpy, clinically symptomatic) underwent an attempt of transcatheter closure. The mean size of @entity2438 as measured by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (30 @entity1 ) or intracardiac echocardiography (83 @entity1 ) was 17.2 mm (SD 7.3) with mean Qp:Qs of 2.2:1 (SD 1.1). Follow-up at 24 hours, 6 month, and yearly thereafter included physical examination, TEE, and/or transthoracic echocardiography; furthermore, chart review (n = 112) as well as telephone interviews (n = 56) were conducted to determine clinical symptomatic status. RESULTS: The procedure was successful in 112 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 failed due to the presence of a large defect (44 mm). One hundred four @entity1 had a single device implanted, 7 had two, and 1 had three. Following the procedure, 96 @entity1 had immediate complete closure (CC), 3 had @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ), 11 had small shunt (SS), and 2 had @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ). At 24 hours postprocedure, 100 @entity1 had CC, 7 had @entity5033 , 3 had SS, 1 had @entity5033 , and 1 had @entity5033 . Four @entity1 had complications: one had device migration within 24 hours, two had @entity943 ( @entity4710 , @entity591 ), and one had large @entity1410 . At 6 months postprocedure, 100 @entity1 had CC, 6 had @entity5033 , 5 had SS, and 1 had @entity5033 . At 6-month follow-up, the right ventricle end-diastolic dimension decreased from 35.3 mm (SD 7.6) preprocedure to 23.8 mm (SD 6.6) (P < 0.001) and the majority of @entity1 reported improvement in their symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2438 closure is safe and effective in @entity1 over 40 years of age with minimal complications. The procedure resulted in a decrease in the RV size that was accompanied by improvement in clinical symptoms. Our findings suggest that device closure of @entity118 in adult @entity1 >40 years of age should be the first option of management.

title: Transcatheter closure of XXXX in adults > or =40 years of age: immediate and follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['trivial shunt', 'LS', 'TS', 'large shunts', 'moderate shunt', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASDs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: The effects of reperfusion on left ventricular (LV) function and volume were studied in @entity1 with evolving @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We analyzed the LV ejection fraction and volume in @entity1 who had been admitted within 24 h of the onset of their first @entity583 with culprit lesion of #6, #7 and #1 (American Heart Association classification). Sixty-five @entity1 (Re group) received successful reperfusion therapy within 6 h after the @entity583 . The other 60 @entity1 (Oc group), who were admitted from 6 to 24 h after the @entity583 , received conservative therapy. @entity1 with re-obstruction of the culprit lesion after reperfusion therapy were excluded from the Re group. @entity1 with spontaneous recanalization following conservative therapy were excluded from the Oc group. The LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), and LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) were measured using a modified Dodge's formula by left ventriculography performed 4 weeks after the @entity583 . LVEF in the Re group was significantly greater than in the Oc group (57 +/- 12 vs 49 +/- 11%) (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01). LVESVI in the Re group was significantly smaller than in the Oc group (30 +/- 13 vs 38 +/- 16 ml/m2, p less than 0.01). Although LVEDVI was not significantly different between the 2 groups, in @entity1 with a responsible coronary lesion of segment #6, LVEDVI in the Re group was significantly smaller than in the Oc group (67 +/- 14 vs 77 +/- 18 ml/m2, p less than 0.05). Although LVEF and LV volume correlated in both groups, the correlation was weak (r = 0.40-0.42), suggesting that LV volume was not dependent solely on LV functional recovery. The incidence of @entity439 in the Re group was significantly lower than in the Oc group (15.4 vs 45.0%, p less than 0.01). Multivariate analysis selected reperfusion of the responsible coronary artery as one of the factors significantly associated with a reduction of LVEDVI, LVESVI, an improvement of LVEF, and a decrease in the rate of @entity439 formation. In summary, our results indicated that reperfusion improved EF, reduced LV volume, and decreased the rate of @entity439 formation as compared to non-reperfusion, which suggests that reperfusion therapy is beneficial for both functional recovery and ventricular remodeling.

title: Effects of reperfusion on left ventricular ejection fraction and volume after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Second follow-up 36-37, 26-27 and 15-18 years after gastric resection for peptic @entity1066 was performed for 72 @entity1 who in the first screening five years earlier had severe @entity4726 and/or intestinal metaplasia in the @entity356 . Of the 72 @entity1 60 were still alive. The death certificates revealed no gastric @entity189 among the 12 deceased @entity1 . Neither were any cases of gastric @entity189 found among the 38 endoscopically screened @entity1 . Severe @entity4726 , which was present in 37 @entity1 in 1982-83, had regressed in 14 cases (p less than 0.01) and proceeded in one case. The extent of intestinal metaplasia had increased in 11 cases and decreased in five cases (p = 0.149, NS). @entity1141 , which was not seen five years ago, was now detected in four cases (10.5%). There was an association between @entity1141 and @entity1944 in three cases. Although these mucosal changes may be premalignant it is not possible to be categorical about the prognosis. Thus, endoscopic screening of all @entity1 whose stomach has been resected for peptic @entity1066 cannot be recommended. Endoscopy, however, is always indicated when gastric symptoms appear in a @entity1 with history of gastric resection.

title: Second follow-up study of mucosal changes in the gastric remnant after resection for peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['stump carcinoma', 'stump carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric remnant mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has been reported to be effective in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: In this multicenter, prospective, open-labeled, clinical trial, we randomly assigned 68 @entity1 with advanced @entity157 to receive either low-dose [n = 32, @entity1487 (FU), 170 mg/m(2) and @entity900 , 7 mg/m(2) on days 1-5] or high-dose HAIC (n = 36, 5-FU, 500 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 and @entity900 , 60 mg/m(2) on day 2) every 4 weeks via an implantable port system. RESULTS: A total of 207 cycles of HAIC was given to the 68 @entity1 . Overall, 6 @entity1 (8.8%) achieved a partial response and 21 @entity1 (30.9%) had stable disease. The objective response rate (CR + PR) was significantly improved in the high-dose group compared to the low-dose group (16.7% vs. 0%, P = 0.024). The median time to disease progression and overall survival were slightly prolonged in the high-dose group compared to the low-dose group (median survival, 193 vs. 153 days; P = 0.108; median time to disease progression, 145 vs. 90 days; P = 0.095). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 response to treatment [P = 0.007, RR 2.27 (95% CI, 1.248-4.132)] was the only factor associated with overall survival. All adverse events were tolerable and successfully managed in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both HAIC regimens are safe and effective in @entity1 with advanced @entity157 . High-dose HAIC achieves a better @entity5 response compared to low-dose HAIC.

title: A randomized comparative study of high-dose and low-dose hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for intractable, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The first step in the migration of lymphocytes out of the blood is adherence of lymphocytes to endothelial cells (EC) in the postcapillary venule. It is thought that in inflammatory reactions cytokines activate the endothelium to promote lymphocyte adherence and migration into the inflammatory site. Injection of @entity3692 , IFN-alpha/beta, and @entity1505 into the skin of @entity35 stimulated the migration of small peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (sPEL) into the injection site, and these cytokines mediated lymphocyte recruitment to @entity56 , sites of virus injection, and in part to @entity558 . The effect of cytokines on lymphocyte adherence to @entity35 microvascular EC was examined. @entity3692 , IFN-alpha/beta, IL-1, @entity1505 , and @entity12972 increased the binding of small peritoneal exudate lymphocyte (sPEL) to EC. @entity3692 was more effective and stimulated adherence at much lower concentrations than the other cytokines. @entity5041 did not increase lymphocyte adherence. @entity558 strongly stimulated lymphocyte binding. Treatment of EC, but not sPEL, enhanced adhesion, and 24 h of treatment with @entity3692 and IL-1 induced near maximal adhesion. Lymph node lymphocytes, which migrate poorly to inflammatory sites, adhered poorly to unstimulated and stimulated EC, whereas sPEL demonstrated significant spontaneous adhesion which was markedly increased by @entity3692 , IL-1, and @entity558 . Spleen lymphocytes showed an intermediate pattern of adherence. Combinations of @entity3692 and @entity1505 were additive in stimulating sPEL-EC adhesion. Depletion of sPEL and spleen T cells by adherence to @entity3692 stimulated EC decreased the in vivo migration of the lymphocytes to skin sites injected with @entity3692 , IFN-alpha/beta, @entity1505 , poly I:C, @entity558 , and to @entity56 reactions by 50%, and significantly increased the migration of these cells to normal lymph nodes, as compared to unfractionated lymphocytes. Thus the cytokines and lymphocytes involved in migration to cutaneous @entity32 in the @entity35 stimulate lymphocyte adhesion to @entity35 EC in vitro, and @entity3692 stimulated EC appear to promote the selective adhesion of inflammatory site-seeking lymphocytes.

title: Effects of six different cytokines on lymphocyte adherence to microvascular endothelium and in vivo lymphocyte migration in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous intraperitoneal @entity397 with @entity298 in a case of hepatic hydatid cyst is extremely rare but serious complication. It is a surgical emergency with high morbidity and mortality rates. Very few cases have been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We report an unusual case of a @entity298 due to @entity99 in a male @entity1 of 34 years of age. He presented with @entity298 . Contrast enhanced computed tomography 2 days prior to laparotomy showed a dumbbell shaped hydatid cyst of right lobe of the liver with perihepatic fluid collection. At operation 1.5 L bile was found in the peritoneal cavity with @entity397 of the anterior wall of the cyst and large cystobiliary communication. He was managed with deroofing of the cyst, cholecystectomy, and placement of T tube in the cystobiliary communication and in the extrahepatic bile duct. He developed @entity3116 which was closed over a period of 34 days with conservative therapy. At 6 months follow up @entity1 is well and free of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Though rare, ruptured hydatid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in a @entity1 residing in the endemic zone.

title: Spontaneous intraperitoneal XXXX of hepatic hydatid cyst with @entity298 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['acute peritonitis', 'biliary peritonitis']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: Delayed wound @entity446 may explain postoperative tissue and wound dehiscence in smokers, but the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on the cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Suction blisters were raised in 48 smokers and 30 never smokers. The fluid was retrieved and the epidermal roof was excised. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured after 2, 4, and 7 days. Then, the smokers were randomized to continuous smoking or abstinence with a transdermal @entity1239 patch or a placebo by concealed allocation. The sequence was repeated after 4, 8, and 12 weeks in all smokers and abstainers and in 6 never smokers. @entity5952 and @entity3334 levels in suction blister fluid were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Random-effects models for repeated measurements were applied and p< or =0.05 was considered significant. One week after wounding the TEWL was 17.20 (14.47-19.92) g/cm(2) hour (mean, 95% CI) in smokers and 13.89 (9.46-18.33) in never smokers (p<0.01). In abstinent smokers TEWL was 18.95 (15.20-22.70)(p<0.01, when compared with smokers). In smokers, @entity5952 was 36.4 (24.3-48.5) ng/mL (mean, 95% CI) and 15.2 (1.4-30.2) ng/mL in never smokers (p<0.01). Abstinent smokers' @entity5952 level was 21.2 ng/mL (6.6-43.0) (p=0.02, when compared with smokers). @entity3334 was unaffected by smoking and abstention. Transdermal @entity1239 patch did not affect any parameter. We conclude that smoking attenuates epidermal @entity446 and may enhance extracellular matrix degradation. Three months of abstinence from smoking does not restore epidermal @entity446 , whereas 4 weeks of abstinence normalizes suction blister @entity5952 levels. These findings suggest sustained impaired wound @entity446 in smokers and potential reversibility of extracellular matrix degradation.

title: Effect of smoking, abstention, and @entity1239 patch on epidermal XXXX and collagenase in skin transudate.

entities_list: @entity5952 :: ('4317', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-8', 'Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity446 :: (MESH:C563468,Disease) :: ['healing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experimental autoimmune @entity1651 has been used extensively as an animal model of T cell mediated autoimmunity. A down-regulatory pathway through which encephalitogenic CD4Th1 cells are killed by CD8 regulatory T cells (Treg) has recently been proposed. With the CD8Treg cells being primed by dendritic cells, regulation of recovery may be occuring around these antigen presenting cells. CD4Treg cells provide critical help within this process, by licensing dendritic cells to prime CD8Treg cells, however the spatial and temporal aspects of this help in the CTL response is currently unclear. RESULTS: We have previously developed a simulator of experimental autoimmune @entity1651 (ARTIMMUS). We use ARTIMMUS to perform novel in silico experimentation regarding the priming of CD8Treg cells by dendritic cells, and the resulting CD8Treg mediated killing of encephalitogenic CD4Th1 cells. Simulations using dendritic cells that present antigenic peptides in a mutually exclusive manner (either MBP or TCR-derived, but not both) suggest that there is no significant reliance on dendritic cells that can prime both encephalitogenic CD4Th1 and Treg cells. Further, in silico experimentation suggests that dynamics of CD8Treg priming are significantly influenced through their spatial competition with CD4Treg cells and through the timing of Qa-1 expression by dendritic cells. CONCLUSION: There is no requirement for the encephalitogenic CD4Th1 cells and cytotoxic CD8Treg cells to be primed by the same dendritic cells. We conjecture that no significant portion of CD4Th1 regulation by Qa-1 restricted CD8Treg cells occurs around individual dendritic cells, and as such, that CD8Treg mediated killing of CD4Th1 cells occurring around dendritic cells is not critical for recovery from the @entity19 @entity792 . Furthermore, the timing of the @entity1961 Treg licensing of dendritic cells and the spatial competition between @entity1961 Treg and CD8Treg cells around the dendritic cell is critical for the size of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, because dendritic cells have a limited lifespan. If treatments can be found to either speed up the licensing process, or increase the spatial competitiveness of CD8Treg cells, the magnitude of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response can be increased.

title: In silico investigation into dendritic cell regulation of CD8Treg mediated killing of Th1 cells in @entity19 experimental autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: Long term use of ovine @entity3317 -releasing hormone (oCRH) requires a convenient route of administration. The effects of 0.3, 3, and 30 micrograms/kg BW synthetic oCRH given as a sc injection and of 10 and 30 micrograms/kg given as an intranasal spray were studied in 10 normal @entity1 in the late afternoon. Basal plasma immunoreactive ACTH (IR-ACTH) and IR- @entity701 levels were 14 +/- 1.9 pg/ml and 4.3 +/- 0.4 microgram/dl (mean +/- SEM). Peak IR-ACTH levels (mean +/- SEM) were 43 +/- 5.5, 53 +/- 8.1, and 64 +/- 8.9 pg/ml after the 0.3, 3, and 30 micrograms/kg doses of oCRH given sc, respectively, and 23 +/- 4.3 and 36 +/- 4.8 pg/ml after the 10 and 30 micrograms/kg doses of oCRH given intranasally, respectively. The lowest sc dose and both intranasal doses caused only single IR-ACTH peaks. After 3 and 30 micrograms/kg sc oCRH, IR-ACTH rose by 15 min, reached an initial peak at 45-60 min, fell rapidly until 90-120 min, and rose to a second peak at 3-5 h. This biphasic response is similar to that previously found after iv administration. IR-ACTH levels remained elevated for 4, 10, and at least 16 h after 0.3, 3, and 30 micrograms/kg sc oCRH, respectively, and for 1.5 and 3 h after 10 and 30 micrograms/kg intranasal oCRH respectively. The effect on IR- @entity701 was similar, but more prolonged. Compared to the iv route, sc oCRH produced similar mean peak IR-ACTH and IR- @entity701 levels and had a slightly longer duration of action. Intranasal oCRH was only about 1% as effective. Peak plasma IR-oCRH levels in 2 subjects receiving 3 micrograms/kg sc oCRH were 13 and 17 ng/ml at 90 min. These peaks were lower than those after iv administration of the same dose, but the levels remained elevated longer, probably accounting for the longer duration of action of sc oCRH. Peak plasma IR-oCRH levels in 4 subjects given 10 microgram/kg intranasal oCRH were only 64-122 pg/ml, presumably reflecting poor absorption through the nasal mucosa. These results demonstrate that sc injection of oCRH is at least as effective as the iv route with respect to plasma IR-ACTH and IR- @entity701 responses. The convenience of this route of administration and the prolonged duration of action of oCRH suggest the feasibility of long term oCRH use.

title: Effect of subcutaneous and intranasal administration of ovine XXXX -releasing hormone in @entity1 : comparison with intravenous administration.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['corticotropin']

answer: @entity3317 :: (MESH:D000324,Chemical) :: ['corticotropin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 ) is a population-based study of 6,814 @entity1 and @entity1 . We sought to analyze the relationship between the extent of coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) at baseline and the severity of @entity3979 in clinically indicated coronary angiography studies during follow-up. BACKGROUND: CAC is an established predictor of major cardiovascular events. Yet, the relationship between CAC and the distribution and severity of @entity3979 has not been widely explored. METHODS: All MESA @entity1 underwent noncontrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography during enrollment to determine baseline CAC. We analyzed 175 consecutive angiography reports from @entity1 who underwent coronary catheterization for clinical indications during a median follow-up period of 18 months. The relationship between baseline CAC and the severity of @entity3979 detected in coronary angiographies was determined. RESULTS: Baseline Agatston score was 0 in only 7 of 175 (4%) MESA @entity1 who underwent invasive angiography during follow-up. When coronary arteries were studied separately, 13% to 18% of coronary arteries with >or=75% @entity850 had 0 @entity460 mass scores at baseline. There was close association between baseline @entity460 mass score and the severity of @entity850 in each of the coronary arteries (test for trend, p < 0.001). For example, mean @entity460 mass scores for <50%, 50% to 74%, and >or=75% @entity850 in the left anterior descending coronary artery were 105.1 mg, 157.2 mg, and 302.2 mg, respectively (p < 0.001). Finally, there was a direct relationship between the total Agatston Score at baseline and the number of diseased vessels (test for trend, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 with clinically indicated coronary angiography during follow-up had detectable coronary @entity730 at baseline. Although there is a significant relationship between the extent of @entity730 and mean degree of @entity850 in individual coronary vessels, 16% of the coronary arteries with significant stenoses had no @entity730 at baseline.

title: Relationship between baseline coronary @entity460 score and demonstration of @entity3979 during follow-up MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary stenoses', 'coronary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is a simple, low-cost and minimally invasive method that provides a natural concentrate of autologous blood growth factors (GFs) that can be used to enhance tissue regeneration. In a previous analysis of a 12-month follow-up study, promising results were obtained when treating @entity1 affected by knee degeneration with PRP intra-articular injections. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the persistence of the beneficial effects observed. METHODS: Of the 91 @entity1 evaluated in the previous 12-month follow-up study, 90 were available for the 2-year follow-up (24 @entity1 presented a bilateral lesion, in a total of 114 knees treated). All of the @entity1 presented a chronic @entity179 and were treated with three intra-articular PRP injections. IKDC and EQ-VAS scores were used for clinical evaluation. Complications, adverse events and @entity1 satisfaction were also recorded. RESULTS: All of the evaluated parameters worsened at the 24-month follow-up: these parameters were at significantly lower levels with respect to the 12-month evaluation (the IKDC objective evaluation fell from 67 to 59% of normal and nearly normal knees; the IKDC subjective score fell from 60 to 51), even if they remained higher than the basal level. Further analysis showed better results in younger @entity1 (P  =  0.0001) and lower degrees of @entity528 (P  <  0.0005). The median duration of the clinical improvement was 9  months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that treatment with PRP injections can reduce @entity158 and improve knee function and quality of life with short-term efficacy. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and understand the mechanism of action, and to find other application modalities, with different platelet and GF concentrations and injection timing, which provide better and more durable results.

title: Platelet-rich plasma intra-articular knee injections for the treatment of XXXX and osteoarthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['knee degenerative condition']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage degeneration']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative cartilage lesions']


abstract: @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) is characterized by clinical symptoms such as @entity410 , @entity227 , and @entity1032 . It also presents abnormal findings on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicating @entity2657 in the white matter of the occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes. Both the clinical symptoms and abnormal imaging findings can be reversed by controlling blood pressure or treating the underlying condition including infection. This report describes a @entity1 with @entity16757 that occurred @entity3036 . A 26-year-old female, gravida 0 para 0, developed @entity425 and @entity158 in her upper and lower extremities and gait disturbance during the 34th week of pregnancy, and severe pregnancy-induced @entity101 near the end of the 37th week. On the first day of the 38th week, she developed constricted visual fields and complained of @entity227 . MRI revealed a high-signal-intensity area in the right occipital lobe. Immediately after MRI, the @entity1 had a 10-sec tonic @entity410 . Diagnosed with @entity3036 , she underwent emergency cesarean section. MRI on the 2nd postoperative day showed that the high-signal-intensity area was slightly improved. Her @entity227 were diminished by the 4th postoperative day, and almost all subjective symptoms disappeared by the 7th postoperative day. The @entity1 was discharged at 12th postoperative day. We recommend MRI not only for symptomatic @entity1 with suspected @entity16757 , but also for asymptomatic @entity1 with severe pregnancy-induced @entity101 . If findings such as @entity2657 are observed on MRI, immediate delivery should be considered before eclamptic @entity410 or exacerbation of neurological symptoms.

title: @entity16757 accompanying XXXX : correct diagnosis using preoperative MRI.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'convulsion']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbance', 'visual illusions']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia', 'secondary to eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['RPLS', 'Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']


abstract: A method is presented for grinding and extracting very small samples of tough fibrous tissue from single @entity731 lesions of @entity1 aortas. Grinding to a powder was easily accomplished while the samples were frozen in liquid @entity1568 in a porcelain micromortar. Extractions of the powder were made first in the mortar and then in tapered centrifuge tubes. Salt soluble, @entity31092 -- @entity6514 -- @entity1133 soluble and hot alkali soluble fractions were obtained, in addition to a hot alkali insoluble @entity2362 residue from each sample. Variation in the protein composition of 23 samples from the lumenal surface of the severely @entity731 aorta of a 58-year-old @entity1 male were determined. The proteins soluble in the buffered-saline and the @entity31092 - @entity1133 soluble polypeptides from each sample were analyzed by @entity31092 -- @entity3323 gel electrophoresis. The @entity535 compositions of the insoluble @entity2362 fractions were determined. The 5 grossly normal intima samples had very similar gel electrophoresis band patterns and @entity535 compositions. The 3 samples of @entity39 gruel had markedly different @entity31092 -- @entity1133 soluble polypeptides than either normal or calcified tissue; they also had @entity2362 fractions whose @entity535 compositions were unique in that they contained 10 times more @entity563 than @entity2362 fractions from grossly normal intima. The 3 calcified samples had less saline or @entity31092 soluble protein than either grossly normal or @entity39 gruel samples, and had very altered @entity2362 fraction compositions characterized by much higher contents of @entity9722 than grossly normal intima. The @entity2362 fractions of @entity39 gruel and calcified tissue samples had little or no @entity27378 or @entity13403 , suggesting that little of the @entity2362 found in healthy aorta tissue was present.

title: Variation in proteins of single lesions from the intima of the aorta from a @entity1 @entity1 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity27378 :: ('MESH:D007524', 'Chemical') :: ['isodesmosine']

entities_list: @entity13403 :: ('MESH:D003895', 'Chemical') :: ['desmosine']

entities_list: @entity31092 :: ('MESH:C028913', 'Chemical') :: ['dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity9722 :: ('CHEBI:60175', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylysine']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of @entity33448 @entity3857 (PNS) on platelet adhesion to injured endothelial cells (ECs) and platelet activation induced by injured ECs, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) pretreated with @entity117 (ASA,15 g/mL) or PNS (160 g/mL), or neither, were exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL,80mg/L) for 16h. Platelets were then added and co-cultured with HUVECs for 5min. Platelet adhesion to ECs, platelet CD62p expression, and HUVEC apoptosis were assessed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)  Supernatant concentration of @entity33449 and @entity2871 2 ( @entity3448 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 protein expression were measured by western blotting. RESULTS: The inhibitory effect of PNS on platelet activation was similar to ASA, but the inhibitory effect of PNS on platelet adhesion to ECs was superior to ASA. PNS modulated COX-2 expression, and increased @entity33449 concentration in HUVECs, while down-regulated COX-1 expression and decreased supernatant @entity3448 concentration in platelets. Co-culturing of injured HUVECs with platelets increased HUVEC apoptosis induced by ox-LDL compared with HUVECs cultured without platelets; ASA increased HUVEC apoptosis induced by ox-LDL when cultured without platelets, while decreased the apoptosis when co-cultured with platelets. CONCLUSIONS: EC protection by ASA is closely associated with its inhibitory effect on platelet activation. PNS is superior to ASA in protecting ECs and in inhibiting platelet adhesion to injured ECs, and the regulation of COX pathway in both ECs and platelets might be the underlying mechanisms of PNS.

title: @entity33448 XXXX is superior to @entity117 in inhibiting platelet adhesion to injured endothelial cells through COX pathway in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity33448 :: ('44586', 'Species') :: ['Panax notoginseng']

answer: @entity3857 :: (MESH:D012503,Chemical) :: ['saponin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a minimally invasive treatment used to excise a variety of @entity75 . Potential overstretching of the sphincter's musculature due to dilation of the anal canal to allow placement of a 40-mm-wide scope combined with partial resection of the rectum and subsequent loss of rectal volume creates a concern regarding anorectal function postoperatively. Data regarding @entity1 satisfaction with anorectal function and quality of life after TEM are scant. This report presents data on @entity1 satisfaction gathered during a period of 10 years. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database of @entity1 undergoing TEM from 1997 to 2007 was queried to identify @entity1 to survey using the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale questionnaire, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire version 3, and a questionnaire designed by the authors to assess satisfaction with quality of life. From a group of 86 @entity1 , 57 (66 %) responded to the questionnaires. @entity1 satisfaction outcomes were determined by age, preoperative diagnosis, @entity5 level in the rectum, excision method, and radiation treatment. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 (94.7 %) preferred TEM to having a stoma. Age (p = 0.03) and nature of the lesion (p = 0.03) were the only factors that affected coping. @entity308 was affected only by the presence of @entity5 (p = 0.001). Excision method was the only factor that significantly influenced overall lifestyle (p = 0.002). Neither @entity5 level (p = 0.8) nor radiation therapy (p = 0.9) affected @entity1 satisfaction with lifestyle after TEM. The presence of @entity5 (p = 0.004) and full-thickness excision (p = 0.02) were related to more problems with @entity1241 . CONCLUSION: Satisfaction with fecal continence generally is high after TEM. Tumor level, size of @entity5 , and radiation therapy do not affect the level of satisfaction after TEM. Younger age and benign nature of the lesion help @entity1 to cope better with lifestyle changes and reduce @entity308 . @entity1 with @entity10700 have a significantly higher level of satisfaction.

title: Quality of life and XXXX after transanal endoscopic microsurgery for benign and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rectal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity10700 :: ('MESH:C563509', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal excision']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: Previous work examining @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) normal controls using cluster analysis identified a subgroup characterized by substantial @entity1010 and @entity62 ( @entity62 ). We hypothesized that these effects could be related to @entity1504 . Fifty-three individuals in the suspected vascular cluster (Normal 2) were compared with 31 individuals from the cluster characterized as healthy/typical (Normal 1) on a variety of outcomes, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, vascular risk factors and outcomes, cognitive trajectory, and medications for vascular conditions. Normal 2 was significantly older but did not differ on @entity2204 + prevalence. Normal 2 differed significantly from Normal 1 on all MRI measures but not on Amyloid-Beta1-42 or total tau protein. Normal 2 had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), Hachinksi score, and @entity1011 levels, and took significantly more medications for vascular conditions. Normal 2 had marginally significantly higher @entity1674 and blood @entity413 . Normal 2 had a worse cognitive trajectory on the Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) 30-min delay test and the Functional Activity Questionnaire (FAQ). @entity194 associated with multiple vascular risks is common among cognitively normal individuals, forming a distinct subgroup with significantly increased @entity73 . Further studies are needed to determine the clinical impact of these findings.

title: Subgroup of ADNI normal controls characterized by XXXX and @entity73 associated with @entity1504 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMH', 'white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: A case of profound digital vasoconstriction caused by the accidental injection of @entity1425 from a commercial @entity5157 sting kit is reported. One hour later the @entity1 had a cold, @entity158 . A digital block using a 2-mg dose of @entity5521 mixed with 2% @entity3303 was performed. Thirty minutes after treatment, the finger was pink and warm. The @entity1 reported a marked decrease in @entity158 . Reexamination 12 hours later showed only mild tenderness at the fingertip. No tissue @entity39 occurred. One month after injection, there were no apparent sequelae. Although the use of alpha-adrenergic blocking agents by regional infiltration to treat accidental infusion or extravasation of @entity1425 has been suggested, no reports of this technique are found in the emergency medicine literature. The mechanism of digital vasoconstriction and the action of @entity5521 are discussed.

title: XXXX -induced vasospasm reversed by @entity5521 digital block.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful, blanched finger', 'pain']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['Epinephrine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of @entity3069 complex (MAC)-positive respiratory specimen cultures and @entity358 ( @entity358 ) is increasing worldwide. This retrospective study aimed to assess the association between MAC culture-positive bronchoscopy specimens and @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 1382 untreated @entity2 @entity1 between 2003 and 2011 were collected using our hospital database. Of them, records for 1258 that had undergone bronchoscopy together with sampling for mycobacterial culture were reviewed. @entity1 characteristics were compared between those with MAC-positive/other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)-negative bronchial washings and those with MAC-negative/other NTM-negative bronchial washings. @entity1 with @entity2 were cross-sectionally divided into @entity358 and non- @entity358 groups, and their features were assessed. Follow-up data for @entity1 with @entity2 but without @entity358 were reviewed for subsequent development of @entity358 . RESULTS: Of the 1258 @entity1 with @entity2 , 25 (2.0%) had MAC-positive/other NTM-negative bronchial washings. The proportion of @entity1 (52% vs 30%; P = 0.0274) and @entity1 age (72 years vs 69 years; P = 0.0380) were significantly higher in the MAC-positive/other NTM-negative @entity2 group (n = 25) than in the MAC-negative/other NTM-negative @entity2 group (n = 1223). There were 10 @entity1 with @entity2 and @entity358 and 15 without @entity358 ; significant differences in @entity1 characteristics were not found between the two groups, and none of the 15 @entity1 without @entity358 subsequently developed @entity358 . CONCLUSION: MAC culture-positive bronchial washing is positively associated with @entity2 . Female sex and advanced age, but not @entity2 characteristics, were found to be associated with @entity19262 in @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: Relationship Between @entity2 and XXXX Complex Isolated Using Bronchoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['MAC-positive lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['MAC lung disease', 'MACLD']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity19262 :: ('MESH:D015270', 'Disease') :: ['MAC infection']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium Avium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between @entity26642 polymorphisms in collagen I alpha 1 gene (COL I A1) upstream regulatory region and bone mineral density( @entity1555 ) in postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: There were 318 voluntary subjects in Chengdu city enrolled (212 osteoporotic postmenopausal @entity1 and 106 normal control subjects) and their @entity1555 were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA ) at lumbar spine (L2-L4). 2 mL peripheral blood was drawn and genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells. Specific fragment which includes the objective gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the genotypes of @entity26642 site in COL I A1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The PCR products were digested with restriction endonuclease Eco31 I and the result was observed by agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: In the osteoporotic postmenopausal @entity1 group, 82 GG, 99 GT and 31 TT were found. In the normal control group, the number of GG, GT and TT were 51, 45 and 10. The subjects in osteoporotic group had higher T allele frequencies than those in normal control group (P < 0.05). In the osteoporotic postmenopausal @entity1 , the carriers with TT genotype of @entity22219 polymorphism had lower spine @entity1555 than those with GG genotype or GT genotype (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a correlation between @entity22219 polymorphisms in COL I A1 upstream regulatory region and @entity1555 . The TT genotype individuals have lower @entity1555 than other genotype individuals.

title: [Study on the correlation between the polymorphism of @entity26642 site of collagen I alpha 1 gene and bone mineral density in postmenopausal XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can unfavorably cause coagulum on the ablation electrode. The aim of this study was to assess this phenomenon on three different multielectrode catheters used to treat persistent @entity955 with duty-cycled RFA. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-six consecutive @entity1 have been treated with the pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC) and the multiarray ablation catheter (MAAC). In 13 @entity1 , additional ablation with the multiarray septal catheter (MASC) has been performed. The multichannel RF generator GENius    (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) independently delivered energy in a bipolar and unipolar mode ( @entity24773 ) to any of the electrodes. Versions 14.2, 14.3, and 14.4 of the generator were used. Coagulum presence was determined postablation by careful visual inspection of the catheter electrodes. No coagulum formation was visualized on the PVACs. Coagulum formation was visualized in 59% of the electrodes of the MAACs using a 2/1 mode and the 14.2 software version versus 69% using the 14.4 version and a 2/1 mode (P = 0.7) versus 14% of the electrodes applying a 1/1 ratio and the 14.4 software version (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Duty-cycled RFA in 2/1 bipolar/unipolar ratio generates a substantial frequency of coagulum formation on the multielectrode catheters MAAC and MASC. The use of the 14.4 version of the software to drive the RF generator and the use of energy in the default 1/1 bipolar/unipolar ratio could significantly reduce the frequency of coagulum formation, but so far, could not completely overcome it. The @entity8909 did not form coagulum, regardless of generator version or energy ratio used.

title: Formation of thermal coagulum on multielectrode catheters during phased radiofrequency energy ablation of persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The clinical management of @entity14 that arise via the mismatch repair gene pathway may differ from those that arise from the more common loss of heterozygosity pathway. They respond differently to chemotherapy, have a different prognosis and are associated with a raised incidence of @entity75 if a germline mutation is present. Established methods of detecting mismatch repair gene defects require the testing for microsatellite instability. This is expensive and requires specialized molecular biological resources and staff. An immunohistochemical method is attractive because it is far cheaper, and can be performed by most anatomical pathology laboratories. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of mismatch repair gene defects using immunohistochemistry in a group of @entity1 who were aged < or = 45 years at the time of diagnosis of @entity14 and to compare the @entity1 survival and pathological features of @entity5 with and without mismatch repair gene defects. METHODS: One hundred and four @entity1 with @entity14 , diagnosed at 45 years or younger between January 1983 and December 2001, who had been managed at Groote Schuur Hospital, were identified from clinical records. Demographic and clinical data was collected from the clinical notes. The pathological reports were reviewed and the original histopathological slides retrieved. New tissue sections were cut from the original paraffin embedded tissue blocks to obtain both normal colonic mucosa and @entity5 on the same slide. There was insufficient tissue available or poor staining in 11 @entity1 so 93 were available for the study. RESULTS: The mismatch repair status was detected by antibodies to @entity6756 and @entity4311 gene product using a standard immunohistochemical technique. Fifty-six (60%) of 93 @entity5 demonstrated normal expression of both @entity6756 and @entity4311 protein. Twenty-five (27%) @entity5 did not express @entity6756 and 12 (13%) @entity4311 proteins. Comparison of the histopathological features revealed that a greater proportion of @entity5 with absence of either the @entity6756 or @entity4311 product were right sided, mucinous and poorly differentiated when compared to those that expressed the gene product. There was no detectable difference in overall survival or in survival of @entity1 with @entity189 when the groups were separated by the presence or absence of gene product. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that 40% of @entity1 who were < or = 45 years of age at the time of diagnosis of @entity14 seen at Groote Schuur Hospital have @entity5 which are related to the absence of expression of either @entity6756 or @entity4311 genes.

title: Immunohistochemistry detects mismatch repair gene defects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ["Duke's C carcinoma"]

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal malignancies', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']