abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the safety and feasibility of performing a laparoscopic intracorporeal end-to-side small bowel @entity254 using a stapling technique as part of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation (RYGBP). METHODS: 80 consecutive @entity1 who underwent RYGBP with laparoscopic jejunojejunostomy were evaluated. Operative time and intraoperative and postoperative complications directly related to the jejunojejunostomy @entity254 were recorded. RESULTS: All 80 laparoscopic jejunojejunostomy procedures were successfully performed without conversion to laparotomy. Mean operative time was longer for the first 40 laparoscopic RYGBP than for the last 40 RYGBP (32+/-18 min vs 21+/-14 min, respectively, p<0.05). Intraoperative complications were @entity548 (2 @entity1 ) and narrowing of the @entity254 (1 @entity1 ). @entity260 were four small bowel obstructions: technical narrowing at jejunojejunostomy site (2 @entity1 ), angulation of the afferent limb (1 @entity1 ), and food impaction at the jejunojejunostomy @entity254 (1 @entity1 ). These four @entity1 underwent successful laparoscopic re-exploration and creation of another jejunojejunostomy proximal to the original @entity254 . There were no small bowel @entity834 . The median time to resuming oral diet was 2 days. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic jejunojejunostomy as part of the RYGBP operation is a safe and technically feasible procedure. @entity86 is a potential complication, which can be prevented by avoiding technical narrowing of the afferent limb.

title: A prospective evaluation of intracorporeal laparoscopic small bowel XXXX during gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['staple-line bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: SILICOSIS IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU: A passive surveillance study. AIM: This study was done to describe the level of preventive measures and level of awareness among the @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5636 during a one-year period. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Coimbatore Medical College Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a passive surveillance study based on @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5636 in our outpatient facility for a one-year period between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012. RESULTS: Seventeen cases of @entity5636 were diagnosed based on history of exposure to @entity3440 and radiological features. The mean age was 55 years with 16 males and one female. The average duration of exposure was 22 years. A protective mask was used by 29% of the @entity1 and one @entity1 had awareness about the risks of exposure to @entity3440 . Active @entity378 was found in 12% and old @entity378 in 47% of @entity1 ; 59% of the @entity1 were smokers. Spirometry showed a restrictive pattern in 59% of the @entity1 . Radiologically nodular opacities with @entity22066 was found in majority of the cases. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 are exposed to @entity3440 in unorganized industries. Majority of the @entity1 lack awareness about the disease and there is a low implementation of preventive and control measures. As this study was a passive surveillance, it represents only the tip of iceberg and an active field-level surveillance could reveal the true prevalence of this disease.

title: XXXX in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu: A passive surveillance study.

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

entities_list: @entity22066 :: ('MESH:C563443', 'Disease') :: ['upper-zone predominance']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity5636 :: (MESH:D012829,Disease) :: ['Silicosis']


abstract: The aim of the study was to review the effect of @entity10210 on bone density and @entity174 in postmenopausal @entity1 . We searched MEDLINE from 1966 to 1998, examined citations of relevant articles, and the proceedings of international @entity170 meetings. We contacted @entity170 investigators to identify additional studies, primary authors, and pharmaceutical industry sources for unpublished data. We included 13 trials that randomized @entity1 to @entity10210 or an alternative (placebo or @entity460 and/or @entity560 ) and measured bone density for at least 1 year. For each trial, three independent reviewers assessed the methodologic quality and abstracted data. The data suggested a @entity174 with a pooled relative risk of 0.63 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.92). There was no effect on nonvertebral @entity174 (relative risk 0.99, (95% CI 0.69 to 1.42). @entity10210 , relative to control, increased bone density after 1-3 years of treatment in the lumbar spine by 4.06% (95% CI 3.12 to 5.00), in the femoral neck by 2.35% (95% CI 1.66 to 3.04) and in the total body by 0.97% (95% CI 0.39 to 1.55). Effects were larger at 4 years, though the number of @entity1 followed much smaller. @entity10210 increases bone density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck for up to 4 years. The pooled estimates of @entity174 reduction with @entity10210 suggest a @entity174 , but no effect on nonvertebral @entity174 .

title: A meta-analysis of @entity10210 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'reduction in vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity10210 :: ('MESH:D012968', 'Chemical') :: ['Etidronate', 'etidronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']


abstract: Treatment of @entity174 may be challenging, especially in the elderly @entity1 . Total elbow replacement has been proposed as an option in selected @entity1 . We present the results of a linked elbow replacement in 16 @entity1 with a comminuted @entity174 of the distal humerus which was not considered amenable to reliable open reduction and internal fixation. At a mean follow-up of 57 months, average range of motion was from 28 degrees to 117 degrees of @entity5295 . Five @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity158 (31%) were not satisfied with the results of the operation. Three @entity1 had an @entity281 which resulted in implant removal in one @entity1 . Eight @entity1 had symptoms of @entity1897 . Our results show that elbow replacement may be an optimal solution for highly comminuted @entity3604 , if there are no associated complications. However, the rate of significant and minor complications such as @entity86 is probably higher than reported. Appropriate selection of ideal candidates for this procedure and meticulous surgical technique are of paramount importance in reducing the risk of complications.

title: Linked total elbow arthroplasty as treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'distal humerus fractures']

entities_list: @entity5295 :: ('MESH:D054908', 'Disease') :: ['flexion-extension']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['sensory ulnar nerve neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['infection or postoperative ulnar nerve symptoms']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal humerus fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In view of the increase in the life expectancy of @entity1 and in edentulism of the population above 50 years of age, in which the prevalence of @entity170 is also higher, it is fundamental to better understand the effects of systemic bone mass loss on the healing process of dental implants and to determine the quality of the bone that surrounds them. The objective of the present study was to compare systemic @entity170 (axial and femoral) and parameters of mandibular bone quality, and to evaluate osseointegration in postmenopausal @entity1 receiving dental implants. METHODS: The sample consisted of 39 @entity1 aged 48-70 years, 19 with a densitometric diagnosis of @entity170 in the lumbar spine and femoral neck and 20 controls with a normal densitometric diagnosis. Bone mineral density was measured in the @entity1 and controls by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eighty-two osseointegrated dental implants were placed in the mandible, 39 of them in the @entity170 group and 43 in the control group. Mandibular bone quality was evaluated by classifying mandibular inferior cortical and trabecular bone on panoramic radiographs and by histomorphometric analysis of a mandibular bone biopsy. Osseointegration was analyzed after 9 months. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between @entity1 with @entity170 and controls when comparing individuals with a normal cortex and those with a severely or moderately eroded cortex determined on panoramic radiographs. Histomorphometric analysis also revealed no difference in the parameters of bone formation or resorption between the two groups. Implant failure was observed in only one case. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is no association between systemic @entity170 (axial and femur) and parameters of poor mandibular bone quality. The loss of one implant (1.2%) is compatible with the literature and cannot be attributed to systemic @entity170 .

title: Comparative study of axial and femoral bone mineral density and parameters of mandibular bone quality in XXXX receiving dental implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'women']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Single-neuron activity was recorded in the caudal part of the anterior ectosylvian (AE) cortex of @entity468 that had been deprived of vision for several years by means of binocular lid suture shortly after birth and in normal control animals. Over 300 neurons were tested in each group with auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli. We confirmed the existence of an @entity227 ( @entity227 ) in the fundus and ventral bank of the AE sulcus. Neurons in @entity227 had purely visual responses in normal @entity468 . In visually deprived @entity468 , by contrast, only a minority of cells in this area still responded to visual stimulation. Instead, most cells reacted vigorously to auditory and, to some extent, somatosensory stimuli. The few remaining visual neurons were also driven by auditory or somatosensory stimuli. No increase in the number of unresponsive neurons was found. It appears, therefore, that a cortical region that normally represents visual activity can become driven by auditory or somatosensory activity as a result of @entity227 . Our results imply that @entity1939 causes compensatory increases in the amount of auditory cortical representation, possibly by an expansion of nonvisual areas into previously visual territory. In particular, they provide evidence for the existence of neural mechanisms for intermodal compensatory plasticity in the cerebral cortex of young animals. The changes described here may also provide the neural basis for a behavioral compensation for @entity1939 described elsewhere.

title: Auditory compensation for XXXX in cat cerebral cortex.

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['early blindness']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['AEV', 'visual deprivation', 'anterior ectosylvian visual area']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['early blindness']


abstract: Anonymous questionnaire examination were performed among 1585 students from eight universities in @entity235  sk, including 664 @entity1 and 921 @entity1 from 17 to 48 (mean 21.4 +/- 2.26) years old. @entity167 was consumed by 1452 (91.61%) students, including 91.53% @entity1 and 91.72% @entity1 . Both @entity1 and @entity1 preferred beer, respectively, 73.7% and 50.6%. In three-stage AUDIT-test ( @entity167 drinking dangerous to health) including 716 (45.2%) students, most of them in stage A (81.6%); in stage B about 8.2% comprised while there were about 10.2% in stage C students. @entity167 consumption carried the lowest risk (stage A) among students of Medical University while corresponding risk was the highest among students of Maritime High School. Among respondents drinking @entity167 dangerously to health there were significantly more @entity1 who did drugs (73.7%). Students qualified to the AUDIT test smoked cigarettes significantly more often than the rest of the examined population. Smokers amounted to 399 (25.2%) students, including 224 (26.3%) @entity1 and 157 (23.6%) @entity1 . The difference in figures was statistically non-significant. Among smoking respondents the students of Fine Arts Academy constituted the majority, while those of Medical University and of University School of Physical Education were in minority. Catholic Priest Seminary respondents did not have the relevant experiences.

title: [The evaluation of smoking and @entity167 consumption by university students in XXXX  sk].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Gene) :: ['Gda']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cardiovascular physical examination skills of emergency medicine (EM) housestaff and attending physicians. METHODS: Prospective, cohort assessment of EM housestaff and faculty performance on 3 @entity340 simulations ( @entity339 , @entity4794 , and @entity337 ) conducted on the cardiology @entity1 simulator, "Harvey." @entity1 examined each of the 3 study disease simulations and proposed a diagnosis (session I). They were then given a cardiac examination form and repeated the programmed simulations (session II). The examination form was used to prompt physicians to interpret 23 separate cardiac findings for each simulation in a multiple-choice format. RESULTS: Forty-six EM housestaff (PGY1-3) and attending physicians were tested over a 2-month study period. Physician responses did not differ significantly among the different levels of postgraduate training. The overall correct response rates for @entity1 were 59% for @entity337 , 48% for @entity339 , and 17% for @entity4794 . For @entity337 , recognition of a widened pulse pressure and recognition of diastolic decrescendo murmur were associated with a correct diagnosis (p < 0.01). For @entity339 , correct assessment of the contour of the holosystolic murmur predicted a correct diagnosis (p < 0.001). For @entity4794 , proper characterization of the mitral area diastolic murmur predicted a correct diagnosis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Housestaff and faculty had difficulty establishing a correct diagnosis for simulations of 3 common @entity340 . However, accurate recognition of a few critical signs was associated with a correct diagnosis in each simulation. Training programs may need to focus attention on selected key components of the cardiovascular examination to facilitate teaching of physical diagnosis.

title: Assessing bedside cardiologic examination skills using "Harvey," a cardiology XXXX simulator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular abnormality', 'valvular heart diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Recently there has been an increase in the incidence of polyneoplasias (PNP) of various organs. This is associated with certain advances in the treatment of @entity5 with prolonged survival on the one hand and with better diagnosis and the emergence of new instrumental studies. The diagnosis and treatment of @entity2 as a component of PNP) currently remains a great challenge. In 1985 to 2004, the Acad. B. V. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and Moscow @entity5 Dispensary One treated 403 @entity1 for @entity2 detected in combination with an extrapulmonary @entity5 or second @entity2 , which amounted to 8.9% of the @entity1 operated on for @entity2 . Primary @entity358 and secondary @entity5 were synchronously and metachronously diagnosed in 165 (40.9%) and 238 (59.1%) @entity1 , respectively. Lobectomy was performed in 207 (51.4%) @entity1 while 79 (19.6%) @entity1 underwent sublobar resection. Three- and 5-year overall survival was 43.4 and 30.6%, respectively. After radical operations, better 5-year survival rates were observed in @entity1 with @entity2 in PNP (32.5% than in those with synchronously detected one (27.9%) (p < 0.05). The results depended on the stage of the disease--all @entity1 with Stage IIIB died within the first year postoperatively. Thus, @entity2 as a component of PNP should be treated by the principles of @entity5 . Moreover, the similar long-term results that mainly depend on the stage of the disease are achieved. New instrumental studies establish the preoperative diagnosis in 88.4% of cases.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in polyneoplasia].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary cancer', 'malignant tumor', 'Cancer', 'neoplasm', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'metachronous lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of the lung']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this computational study was to examine the hemodynamic parameters of the velocity fields, shear stress, pressure and drag force field in the complex aorta system, based on a case of @entity1580 . The extra-anatomic reconstruction of the complete aorta and bipolar exclusion of the @entity439 was investigated by computational fluid dynamics. Three different cases of the same @entity1 were analyzed: the existing @entity558 and two alternative surgical treatment options, cases A and B, involving different distal aorto-aortic @entity254 sites. The three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation were solved with an unsteady stabilized finite element method. The aorta and large tube graft geometries were reconstructed based on CT angiography images to generate a @entity1 -specific 3D finite element mesh. The computed results showed velocity profiles with smaller intensity in the aorta than in the graft tube in the postoperative case. The shear stress distribution showed low zones around 0.5   Pa in the @entity439 part of the aorta for all three cases. Pressure distribution and, particularly, drag force had much higher values in the preoperative @entity439 zones (7.37   N) than postoperatively (2.45   N), which provides strong evidence of the hemodynamic and biomechanical benefits of this type of intervention in this specific @entity1 . After assessing the outcome obtained with each of the two alternatives A and B, for which we found no significant difference, it was decided to use option A to treat the @entity1 . In summary, computational studies could complement surgical preoperative risk assessment and provide significant insight into the benefits of different treatment alternatives.

title: Computer simulation of thromboexclusion of the complete aorta in the treatment of chronic type B XXXX .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative condition']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type B aortic dissection']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The traditional approach to stable blunt @entity764 ( @entity764 ) is immediate repair, with delayed repair reserved for @entity1 with major associated @entity130 . In recent years, there has been a trend toward delayed repair, even in low-risk @entity1 . This study evaluates the current practices in the surgical community regarding the timing of aortic repair and its effects on outcomes. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational multicenter study sponsored by the American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 . The study included @entity1 with blunt @entity764 scheduled for aortic repair by open or endovascular procedure. @entity1 in extremis and those managed without aortic repair were excluded. The data collection included demographics, initial clinical presentation, Injury Severity Scores, type and site of @entity130 , type of aortic repair (open or endovascular repair), and time from injury to aortic repair. The study @entity1 were divided into an early repair (< or = 24 hours) and delayed repair groups (> 24 hours). The outcome variables included survival, ventilator days, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital lengths of stay, blood transfusions, and complications. The outcomes in the two groups were compared with multivariate analysis after adjusting for age, Glasgow @entity772 Scale, @entity551 , major associated @entity130 , and type of aortic repair. A second multivariate analysis compared outcomes between early and delayed repair, in @entity1 with and @entity1 without major associated @entity130 . RESULTS: There were 178 @entity1 with @entity764 eligible for inclusion and analysis, 109 (61.2%) of which underwent early repair and 69 (38.8%) delayed repair. The two groups had similar epidemiologic, @entity130 , and type of repair characteristics. The adjusted mortality was significantly higher in the early repair group (adjusted OR [95% CI] 7.78 [1.69-35.70], adjusted p value = 0.008). The adjusted complication rate was similar in the two groups. However, delayed repair was associated with significantly longer ICU and hospital lengths of stay. Analysis of the 108 @entity1 without major associated @entity130 , adjusting for age, Glasgow @entity772 Scale, @entity551 , and type of aortic repair, showed that in early repair there was a trend toward higher mortality rate (adjusted OR 9.08 [0.88-93.78], adjusted p value = 0.064) but a significantly lower complication rate (adjusted OR 0.4 [0.18-0.96], adjusted p value 0.040) and shorter ICU stay (adjusted p value = 0.021) than the delayed repair group. A similar analysis of the 68 @entity1 with major associated @entity130 , showed a strong trend toward higher mortality in the early repair group (adjusted OR 9.39 [0.93-95.18], adjusted p value = 0.058). The complication rate was similar in both groups (adjusted p value = 0.239). CONCLUSIONS: Delayed repair of stable blunt @entity764 is associated with improved survival, irrespective of the presence or not of major associated @entity130 . However, delayed repair is associated with a longer length of ICU stay and in the group of @entity1 with no major associated @entity130 a significantly higher complication rate.

title: Blunt traumatic @entity764 : early or delayed repair--results of an American Association for the Surgery of XXXX prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['TAI', 'thoracic aortic injuries']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'aortic injury', 'Trauma', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancreatic enzyme supplementation is standard treatment for @entity8884 caused by chronic @entity788 . The FDA recently required all manufacturers to submit New Drug Applications to continue to market these agents because published data demonstrated variation in formulation, bioavailability and shelf-life while providing limited data about efficacy and safety. AIM: To review systematically the design and results of randomized, parallel-design trials of pancreatic enzyme supplements in chronic @entity788 @entity1 with @entity6123 . METHODS: A computer-assisted search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to identify relevant studies. Two authors performed duplicate data extraction on study design, improvement in coefficient of fat absorption ( @entity3795 ), @entity294 and adverse events using pre-specified forms. Agreement between investigators for data extraction was greater than 95%. RESULTS: Of 619 articles found through literature searching, 20 potentially relevant articles were identified and four manuscripts met inclusion criteria. No studies performed head-to-head comparisons of different supplements. Enzyme supplementation is more likely to improve @entity3795 compared with placebo, but fat @entity8884 remained abnormal. Important differences in @entity1 population, study endpoint, study design, pancreatic enzyme dosage and measurement of @entity3795 were present across trials, which precluded comparison of different agents. CONCLUSIONS: Enzyme supplementation improves @entity3795 compared to placebo, but may not abolish steatorrhoea.

title: Systematic review: pancreatic enzyme treatment of @entity8884 associated with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study different aspects of macular function in eyes with early age-related @entity1020 (early @entity13785 : drusen with or without retinal pigment epithelium alterations) and normal @entity227 , to obtain a complete evaluation of macular function @entity73 and to study the relationship between macular function and the ophthalmoscopic signs of early @entity13785 . METHODS: Forty-seven subjects with early @entity13785 and @entity227 better than 20/25 in at least one eye were studied: 34 @entity1 had bilateral early @entity13785 (group 1), 13 had neovascular @entity13785 in the fellow (nonstudy) eye (group 2). Thirty-six age-matched healthy subjects were used as controls. Thirty degree stereoscopic fundus photographs and @entity941 angiography were performed to grade macular lesions. Macular recovery function, central @entity227 , spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity, and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test were used to study different aspects of macular function. RESULTS: Except for color vision, all macular function tests were significantly impaired in eyes of @entity1 with early @entity13785 compared to those in control subjects. No functional difference was found between groups 1 and 2. The increase in drusen number negatively influenced macular recovery function. Increasing drusen confluence reduced macular recovery function as well as central @entity227 and some selected spatial frequencies of spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity. @entity989 and focal @entity2117 reduced macular recovery function and contrast sensitivity at the highest spatial frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Macular recovery function central @entity227 , and spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity are adequate and reliable indicators of macular function @entity73 . Macular recovery function is the test that best reflects the ophthalmoscopic characteristics of early @entity13785 because its deterioration parallels the worsening of @entity3217 . Function tests are valuable in the evaluation of @entity1 with early @entity13785 , particularly when interventional trials are planned.

title: Macular function impairment in eyes with early age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity', 'visual field sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['typical fundus lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in early AMD']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the long-term symptomatic and endoscopic outcome in @entity354 with @entity2910 , comparing conservative with operative management. METHODS: The study comprised 105 of 120 @entity1 consecutively referred for severe reflux symptoms to the gastroenterologic outpatient department of a teaching hospital, where @entity2910 was confirmed endoscopically. If conservative management (modified lifestyle and medication) failed to relieve symptoms and heal the @entity2910 , antireflux surgery (Nissen fundoplication) was undertaken. Follow-up (median, 10.9 years) evaluation of all @entity1 included comprehensive, standardized interviews; self-scoring of symptoms at the time of referral and currently; and observations at endoscopy. RESULTS: Nissen fundoplication was performed on 37 of the 105 @entity1 . At follow-up of these 37 @entity1 , (31) 84% had no or only occasional mild heartburn, (33) 89% were free from @entity2910 , and (2) 5% were taking H2 antagonists or @entity4546 . The corresponding figures in the 68 @entity1 with only conservative treatment were (36) 53%, (31) 45%, and (14) 21%. The mean change in symptom score between referral time and follow-up was 5.7 in the surgically treated group and 1.7 in the nonsurgically treated group. Fifteen new cases of Barrett's metaplasia were found at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity354 with @entity2910 , surgical treatment gave results subjectively and objectively superior to those from conservative management.

title: Long-term comparison of antireflux surgery versus conservative therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['erosive esophagitis', 'esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['reflux esophagitis']


abstract: Kasai operation for @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ) and living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) for failed Kasai cases have been performed by the same team in our hospital. Outcome of the treatment for @entity2876 in the pretransplantation and posttransplantation era in our institution were compared. As the "pre" group, 35 @entity1 first underwent the Kasai operation between 1982 and 1989. The "post" group consisted of 25 @entity1 who underwent Kasai after introduction of the LRLT program in our hospital (1990). As for the reconstruction procedure after portal dissection during Kasai, jejunal interposition hepatic portoduodenostomy for the pre group was intentionally changed to Roux-en-Y procedure for the post group to decrease the risk of duodenal leakage after LRLT. @entity1 who needed revision of the Kasai decreased from 57% for the pre group to 28% for the post group. There was only one re-revision in the post group compared with seven in the pre group. In the pre group, 10 @entity1 (28.6%) died at age 6 to 16 (mean, 8.5) months before the transplantation program was initiated. In the pre group, three @entity1 could receive a cadaveric liver transplantation in other countries, and seven had LRLT in our hospital. Ten @entity1 (40%) in the post group had LRLT at 7 to 22 (mean, 9.3) months old, and no deaths occurred in this group. When the @entity1 who had @entity409 were excluded, the percentage of the @entity1 who could be expected to survive and accomplish growth without undergoing liver transplantation was similar for the two groups, (31.4% v 36%). The change in the reconstruction procedure and the tendency for fewer revisions of Kasai procedure were effects of the start of the liver transplant program. As a general strategy for @entity2876 , Kasai operation should be the initial procedure, followed by liver transplantation for failed Kasai. In the late-diagnosed @entity1 , primary LRLT can be considered if the liver has already been cirrhotic. LRLT in the infantile period is a significant component of this strategy for helping all @entity1 to survive.

title: Impact of the development of a liver transplant program on the treatment of XXXX in an institution in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'biliary atresia']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that canal function is substantially preserved in subjects with active vertigo attacks as a result of @entity195 ( @entity601 ). In these subjects, the head-thrust test (HTT) may not be as sensitive to canal dysfunction as traditional caloric testing. @entity601 may differentially affect the low-frequency sensitivity of the canals. OBJECTIVE: Caloric tests have traditionally been used to characterize semicircular canal function in @entity394 , including @entity601 . The quantitative HTT provides an objective measurement of semicircular canal function in the frequency and velocity ranges of normal head movements. The aim of this study was to compare the findings of caloric and HTTs in subjects with unilateral @entity601 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 38 candidates for @entity801 treatment due to a high frequency of @entity410 attacks (25 males, 13 females; mean age 52.9 years; range 30-70 years). The duration of symptoms was 1-30 years (mean 5.3 years). Horizontal canal function was characterized with bithermal aqueous caloric tests and recordings of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflexes (aVORs) using the scleral search-coil technique during HTTs. The main outcomes were @entity425 ( @entity425 ) on caloric testing and aVOR gain asymmetry (GA) during HTTs. A caloric response asymmetry of >20% was considered to be indicative of pathologic @entity425 . A difference in GA during HTTs of >5.8% was considered significant. RESULTS: Twenty subjects (52.6%) showed abnormal results on one or both tests. Pathologic @entity425 was present in 16 subjects (42.1%). During HTTs, 11 subjects (28.9%) showed pathologic GA. Seven subjects (18.4%) showed abnormal results on both tests. A significant correlation was found between @entity425 and GA. However, pathologic GA during HTTs in subjects with unilateral @entity601 was less frequent and the values smaller than those published for @entity388 @entity1 . Two subjects with unilateral @entity601 had 100% @entity425 , but none had >30% asymmetry on HTTs.

title: Search-coil head-thrust and caloric tests in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['vertiginous']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral weakness', 'UW']

entities_list: @entity388 :: ('MESH:D020338', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular neuritis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["M  ni  re's disease"]

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular disorders']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['M  ni  re's disease']


abstract: Many @entity1577 -associated mutations cause a defect in the biosynthetic processing and trafficking of the @entity5409 fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( @entity5174 ) protein. @entity375 mutants, defective at various steps of the secretory pathway, have been used to dissect the mechanisms of biosynthetic processing and intracellular transport of several proteins. To exploit these @entity375 mutants, we have employed an expression system in which the @entity5174 gene is driven by the promoter of a structurally related @entity375 ABC protein, @entity41157 . Pulse-chase experiments revealed a turnover rate similar to that of nascent @entity5174 in @entity1 cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that most @entity5174 colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker protein @entity50409 and not with a vacuolar marker. Degradation was not influenced by the vacuolar protease mutants @entity21756 and @entity46452 but was sensitive to the proteasome inhibitor @entity53562 . Blocking ER-to-Golgi transit with the sec18-1 mutant had little influence on turnover indicating that it occurred primarily in the ER compartment. Degradation was slowed in cells deficient in the ER degradation protein @entity53563 as well as the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes @entity32399 and @entity49654 . Finally a mutation ( @entity53564 -2) in the translocon protein @entity53564 that prevents retrotranslocation across the ER membrane also blocked degradation. These results indicate that whereas approximately 75% of nascent wild-type @entity5174 is degraded at the ER of @entity1 cells virtually all of the protein meets this fate on heterologous expression in @entity375 .

title: Expression and degradation of the @entity5409 fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity53562 :: ('MESH:C488643', 'Chemical') :: ['lactacystin beta-lactone']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Yeast']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis disease']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity2333 often require multistaged repairs with numerous anastomoses. Manual suturing can be time consuming. To reduce ischemic time, a circular stapling device has been used to facilitate prosthetic graft-to-graft anastomoses. Objectives are to describe this technique and assess outcomes. METHODS: From February 2009 to May 2014, 44 @entity1 underwent complex aortic repair with a circular end-to-end @entity254 (EEA) stapler at Cleveland Clinic. All @entity1 had extensive @entity439 : 17 after ascending dissection repair, 10 chronic type B dissections, and 17 degenerative @entity439 . Stapler was used during total arch repair as an end-to-side @entity254 (n = 36; including first stage @entity16871 trunk [ET] in 32, frozen ET in 3) and an end-to-end @entity254 during redo thoracoabdominal repair (n = 11). Three @entity1 had the stapler used during both stages of repair. @entity1 underwent early and annual follow-ups with computed tomography analysis. RESULTS: There were no bleeds, @entity397 , or leaks at the stapled site, but 2 @entity1 died. Complications included 7 reoperations not related to the site of stapled @entity254 and 6 tracheostomies, but there was no paralysis or @entity177 . Mean circulatory arrest time was 16    5 minutes. Mean follow-up was 26    17 months and consisted of imaging before discharge, at 3 to 6 months, and at 1 year. Planned reinterventions included 21 second-stage ET completion: Endovascular (n = 18) and open (n = 3). There were 4 late deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Use of an end-to-end anastomotic automated circular stapler is safe, effective, and durable in performing graft-to-graft anastomoses during complex thoracic aortic surgery. Further evaluation and refinement of this technique are warranted.

title: Outcomes after aortic graft-to-graft XXXX with an automated circular stapler: A novel approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['complex aortic disease']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extraesophageal syndromes are more difficult to identify and treat than the usual esophageal symptoms. The current study explores the efficacy of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) on @entity354 ( @entity354 )-related respiratory symptoms (RSs) during a 12-month follow-up observation. METHODS: From April 2008 to September 2009, LNF was performed on 198 @entity1 (107 @entity1 and 91 @entity1 ) with @entity354 -related RSs according to underlying esophageal motility. A questionnaire form ranging from 0 to 5 was the basic requirement for recording pretreatment and posttreatment and for making detailed evaluation of the symptoms. All scores of @entity354 -related RSs, such as heartburn, regurgitation, coughing, breathe holding, wheezing, @entity1353 , and choking, significantly decreased at the 12th month. RESULTS: All the @entity1 who participated in the current study were adults and elders aged 22 to 84 years with a mean age of 49    12.89. The median length of stay was 4.3 days with a range of 2 to 8 days. The median score of heartburn, regurgitation, coughing, wheezing, @entity1353 , choking, and @entity662 decreased from 4.92    1.99, 4.98    1.81, 7.23    1.87, 7.50    1.88, 5.83    2.13, 5.94    2.22, and 4.92    1.88 to 1.62    2.33, 0.64    1.43, 2.79    2.82, 2.53    2.96, 1.37    2.10, 1.28    2.09, and 1.57    2.55 (P<0.01), respectively. A total of 173 @entity1 had various relieved symptom scores, 16 @entity1 (8.1%) had different scale recurrence of symptoms after laparoscopic fundoplication treatment, and 13 @entity1 had to retreat to @entity4546 as an auxiliary medical therapy. Three other @entity1 rejected any therapy, and no @entity204 occurred. A single @entity1 converted from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery. Several short-term symptoms included retrosternal uneasiness or @entity158 (n = 63; 31.8%), @entity1282 (n = 45; 22.7%), @entity1661 (n = 87; 43.9%), and @entity294 (n = 23; 11.6%). Early @entity1282 lasting <6 weeks was common, and 45 @entity1 (22.7%) underwent an early esophagogastroduodenoscopy or contrast swallow. Five @entity1 (2.5%) who had prolonged @entity1282 during the 6-month clinical review required esophageal dilatation, and the outcomes were successful. CONCLUSIONS: LNF can be an effective means for treating RSs in @entity1 with @entity354 .

title: A preliminary investigation of laparoscopic fundoplication treatment on XXXX -related respiratory symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ) and amsacrine (m-AMSA), specific inhibitors of topoisomerase I and II, were tested for micronucleus inducing potential in bone marrow of male and female @entity2659 @entity19 . @entity1191 was given as intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections at 0 h in doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg, and at 0 + 24 h in doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg. Bone marrow samples were taken 30 and 48 h post 0 h dosing in both the single and split dose studies. The same i.p. regimens were used to evaluate @entity5257 at doses of 1.5, 3 and 6 in the single, and 0.75, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg in the split dose study. Both compounds were tested in two consecutive experiments using identical study designs to confirm findings or trends. The @entity1191 experiment showed that more micronuclei (MN) were induced at 30 h than at 48 h following both 0 h and 0 + 24 h treatment, and that dose interaction occurred as two divided doses of @entity1191 induced as much or more micronuclei than the same total single dose in both sexes. No overall sex differences were found in the 0 h dose study at 30 or 48 h. However, females had significantly more MN than males at 30 h following 0 + 24 h dosing, indicating an inducible female G2 mitotic effect in proliferating bone marrow blast cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Micronucleus induction by @entity9800 and XXXX in bone marrow of male and female @entity2659 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['Camptothecin']

answer: @entity5257 :: (MESH:D000677,Chemical) :: ['amsacrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity741 and reperfusion are associated with increased production of @entity2232 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the effects of @entity11344 , a selective ET(A) receptor antagonist, in 80 @entity1 . All @entity1 were randomly allocated to an intracoronary infusion of saline or @entity11344 (6 micromol/L over 20 minutes). The reference group consisted of 20 @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography. @entity11344 produced a 10% (P:<0.005) increase in distal coronary artery diameter. The main study group consisted of 30 @entity1 undergoing coronary angioplasty. All @entity1 underwent a minimum of 3 balloon inflations (BIs). Surface and intracoronary electrocardiographic ST-segment shift as well as @entity158 score were recorded at the end of each BI. @entity11344 or saline was given by intracoronary infusion between the second and the third BI in random allocation. In the saline group, intracoronary ST-elevation decreased from 1.26+/-0.55 mV during the first BI to 0.77+/-0.56 mV during the third BI (P:<0.05) and the surface ST elevation decreased from 0.20+/-0.15 to 0.10+/-0.07 mV (P:<0.05). In the @entity11344 group, the respective values were 1.22+/-0.48 mV and 1.13+/-0.62 mV (intracoronary) and 0.17+/-0.18 and 0.17+/-0.21 mV (surface) (both P:=NS). The decrease in @entity158 score was significantly higher in the saline group (F:=5.97, P:=0.004). In 30 @entity1 (collateral circulation group), the angioplasty protocol was repeated with the use of a pressure guide wire. @entity11344 produced a significant (F:=3.30, P:=0.04) decrease in coronary wedge pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Acute ET(A) receptor antagonism prevents the normal reduction of @entity741 on repeated BIs during angioplasty. This may be explained by a "steal" effect through coronary collaterals.

title: Acute endothelin-A receptor antagonism prevents normal reduction of XXXX on repeated balloon inflations during angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional results, risk factors and complications of vitrectomy for @entity6 were studied to improve our estimation for benefits and risks of vitreous surgery with current techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The course of 389 consecutive eyes, who had undergone vitreous surgery for complications of @entity6 within a four year period, was retrospectively reviewed. The minimum follow-up was 6 months, the median 26 months. Risk factors were studied using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Six months postoperatively 25% of the eyes had a visual acuity of 20/60 or better, a vision of less than 5/200 was found in 25% of the eyes. The most important risk factors were @entity1713 and iris rubeosis. Only 16% of the eyes with tractional @entity1713 had a postoperative vision of 20/200 or better, although in 86% the macula was anatomically successfully reattached. @entity1713 was observed in 18% of all eyes. The incidence of this serious complication was only 5% after surgery for @entity548 , but 54% after vitrectomy for tractional @entity1713 . CONCLUSIONS: In eyes with advanced stages of long-standing tractional @entity1713 , the functional prognosis is very poor due to the underlying microvascular disease. In less advanced stages with @entity548 and flat retina the risk of vitreous surgery is low.

title: [Vitrectomy in XXXX : outcome, risk factors, complications].

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative retinal detachment', 'detachment of the macula']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: Many studies have reported elevated serum concentrations of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity1 with @entity5 and claimed that the measurement of circulating @entity7 is a surrogate marker of angiogenesis and/or @entity3 . To determine the value of @entity7 measurement in the diagnosis and prognosis of @entity0 , we measured levels in @entity1 with and without @entity0 . Platelet-depleted plasma @entity7 levels were measured in premenopausal @entity1 at four-day intervals across the menstrual cycle, postmenopausal @entity1 and postmenopausal @entity1 who had undergone hysterectomy. Platelet-depleted plasma @entity7 was also measured in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and levels compared with intratumoral levels, clinicopathological prognostic parameters and microvessel density. Levels of @entity7 were determined using ELISA and immuno-histochemistry. Microvessel density was determined by immunohistochemical @entity2280 staining. Plasma @entity7 in premenopausal @entity1 remained stable across the menstrual cycle except for a peak between days 8 and 12. @entity7 levels in postmenopausal @entity1 were higher than in premenopausal @entity1 unless postmenopausal @entity1 had undergone hysterectomy. Amongst premenopausal @entity1 , levels of @entity7 were high in 22 @entity0 @entity1 when compared to normal premenopausal controls. No correlation was found between plasma and intratumoral @entity7 , clinicopathological prognostic parameters or @entity5 microvessel density. The origin of circulating @entity7 differs between pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 . Its measurement is unlikely to provide clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic information in @entity1 with early and @entity0 .

title: Serum XXXX in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['early breast cancer', 'EBC', 'breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the mechanisms underlying @entity1002 in @entity1 with @entity712 and normal systolic function and to identify the @entity1 at risk for this syndrome. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were selected that describe the clinical observations of @entity712 with normal systolic function and that provide experimental and clinical insights into the mechanisms responsible for @entity67 . DATA SYNTHESIS: Recent studies indicate that a large number of @entity1 (up to 40% in some series) presenting with @entity712 have preserved left ventricular systolic function. The factors contributing to altered left ventricular diastolic function include @entity82 , @entity1184 , @entity63 , and increased afterload. The latter three factors, alone or in combination, predispose to @entity1002 , an active energy-requiring process. Thus, decreased left ventricular diastolic distensibility (increased diastolic pressure at any level of diastolic volume) may arise not only from altered passive elastic properties stemming from @entity82 or increased muscle mass but also from derangements in the dynamics of ventricular relaxation. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity101 , all four of the above mechanisms may be operative. Considering the prevalence of @entity101 in the general population, @entity101 appears to be an important underlying factor in many @entity1 with @entity712 on the basis of diastolic mechanisms. In the @entity1 presenting with @entity1353 and elevated filling pressures, but with a nondilated, normally contracting ventricle, treatment with standard @entity712 medications (such as digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilators) is often ineffective and may be deleterious. Such @entity1 may respond more favorably to beta-blockers and @entity460 -channel blockers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity67 should be considered in the @entity1 presenting with @entity712 but with normal systolic function, particularly in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity4346 .

title: XXXX as a cause of @entity712 . Mechanisms and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure symptoms', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['essential hypertension', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular relaxation', 'left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of @entity3400 / @entity7120 plus @entity5505 (PIPC/TAZ+CAZ) versus @entity5899 / @entity869 plus @entity5646 (SBT/ABPC+ @entity5647 ) as empirical therapy for @entity1398 were assessed in @entity1 with @entity5 . PROCEDURE: A prospective randomized study was performed to evaluate the clinical response of 70 febrile episodes in the PIPC/TAZ+CAZ arm and 64 evaluable febrile episodes in the SBT/ABPC+ @entity5647 arm of the study. Clinical efficacy was evaluated at 120 hours, with treatment outcome criteria defined as follows. Success was defined as disappearance of fever, clinical improvement, eradication of the infecting organism, and maintenance of a response for at least 7 days after discontinuation of treatment. RESULTS: An @entity281 was documented microbiologically in 14 episodes (20%) in the PIPC/TAZ+CAZ arm and in 8 episodes (13%) in the SBT/ABPC+ @entity5647 arm. The success rate was 57.1% in the PIPC/TAZ+CAZ arm and 62.5% in the SBT/ABPC+ @entity5647 arm (P>0.05). No major adverse effects were observed in the study. CONCLUSIONS: PIPC/TAZ+CAZ and SBT/ABPC+ @entity5647 are effective and safe for initial empirical treatment of febrile episodes in @entity1398 pediatric @entity1 . The clinical efficacy of SBT/ABPC+ @entity5647 is equivalent or superior to that of PIPC/TAZ+CAZ, the effect of which is already proven against @entity1398 . Therefore, SBT/ABPC+ @entity5647 may be a treatment of choice for @entity1398 in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: XXXX / @entity7120 plus @entity5505 versus @entity5899 / @entity869 plus @entity5646 as empirical therapy for fever in severely @entity1398 pediatric @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'hematologic disease and solid tumor']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity3400 :: (MESH:D010878,Chemical) :: ['Piperacillin']


abstract: 1. The effects of intracellular pH ( @entity24443 ) on the @entity855 -sensitive K+ channel (K+ @entity855 channel) from @entity19 pancreatic beta-cells were examined in inside-out patches exposed to symmetrical 140 mM K+ solutions. 2. The relationship between channel activity and @entity24443 was described by the Hill equation with half-maximal inhibition (Ki) at @entity24443 6.25 and a Hill coefficient of 3.7. 3. Following exposure to @entity24443 < 6.8, channel activity did not recover to its original level. Subsequent application of trypsin to the intracellular membrane surface restored channel activity to its initial level or above. 4. At -60 mV the relationship between @entity24443 and the single-channel current amplitude was described by a modified Hill equation with a Hill coefficient of 2.1, half-maximal inhibition at @entity24443 6.48 and a maximum inhibition of 18.5%. 5. A decrease in @entity24443 reduced the extent of channel inhibition by @entity855 : Ki was 18 microM at pH 7.2 and 33 microM at pH 6.4. The Hill coefficient was also reduced, being 1.65 at pH 7.2 and 1.17 at pH 6.4. 6. When channel activity was plotted as a function of ATP4- (rather than total @entity855 ) there was no effect of @entity24443 on the relationship. This suggests that @entity855 4- is the inhibitory ion species and that the effects of reducing @entity24443 are due to the lowered concentration of @entity855 4-. 7. Changes in external pH had little effect on either single-channel or whole-cell K+ @entity855 currents. 8. The effects of @entity24443 do not support a role for H+ in linking @entity413 metabolism to K+ @entity855 channel inhibition in pancreatic beta-cells.

title: Effects of intracellular pH on @entity855 -sensitive K+ channels in XXXX pancreatic beta-cells.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorhinorrhoea can be due to @entity389 . @entity18129 associated with a defect in the stapes footplate is usually the cause of the CSF leak. Repair of the CSF leak in these cases is usually done by packing the vestibule with muscle or fascia. This traditional method of repair has a 30 to 60 per cent failure rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CSF otorhinorrhoea due to @entity389 in four @entity1 was repaired using multiple-layer packing of the vestibule with glue, muscle and fascia, reinforced by a pedicle temporalis muscle graft. Intra-operatively, continous lumbar drainage was performed. RESULTS: Repair of the CSF leak was successful in four cases and no recurrence was noticed. Inner-ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using three-dimensional fast-spin echo (3D FSE) T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and 3D steady-state free precession (FIESTA) sequences was found to be a very helpful, noninvasive investigation to localize the site and route of the CSF leak. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 presenting with recurrent @entity693 and CSF rhinorrhoea should be investigated for @entity389 . In these cases CSF fistulae should be repaired using fibrin or @entity3080 glue and intra-operative continuous lumbar drainage; 3D FSE T2WI and 3D FIESTA MRI sequences of the inner ear are helpful.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid otorhinorrhoea due to XXXX : clinical presentation and new perspectives in management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['congenital inner-ear malformations', 'congenital inner-ear anomalies']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['Cochlear dysplasia']

answer: @entity389 :: (MESH:D007759,Disease) :: ['inner-ear malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal wall metastasis after @entity970 tube placement has been reported in @entity1 with @entity135 . The incidence of this occurrence is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the incidence of abdominal wall metastasis as a complication of @entity970 tube placement in @entity1 with @entity135 . DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Nutritional Support Services. SUBJECTS: @entity135 @entity1 requiring nutritional support with @entity970 tube placement. RESULTS: Of the 304 @entity1 with @entity135 , 218 had active disease with a viable @entity5 in the oropharynx or hypopharynx at the time of @entity970 placement. Two of these @entity1 , both with active disease (0.92%), developed a @entity970 site metastasis. CONCLUSION: There is a small but definite risk for @entity5 implantation in the @entity3337 when using the pull technique in @entity1 with @entity135 . Careful assessment of the oropharynx and hypopharynx before @entity970 tube placement and the use of alternative techniques for enteral access in @entity1 with untreated or residual malignancy are recommended to minimize this risk. Use of other percutaneous techniques that do not involve traversing the hypopharynx with the catheter may help to prevent @entity5 translocation. When @entity135 metastasize to the @entity3337 , @entity1 survival appears limited even with extensive resection.

title: Incidence of abdominal wall metastasis complicating @entity970 tube placement in untreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers', 'Head and neck cancer', 'active head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy site']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Platelet kinetics were studied in 18 @entity1 with @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) before splenectomy, 1 month and 8 months after splenectomy. A gamma function was used for the calculation of platelet @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ). @entity1423 was greatly reduced and platelet production was 2.8 times normal. The peripheral @entity1423 and platelet recovery were significantly related to @entity1423 . One month after splenectomy @entity1423 increased appreciably while platelet production decreased but continued to be significantly above normal. These changes together with the removal of the splenic platelet pool resulted in a peripheral @entity1423 significantly higher than normal and a total platelet mass not differing from normal. Eight months after splenectomy @entity1423 increased slightly but was not significantly different from that found 1 month after splenectomy. Platelet production, however, decreased significantly and became normal. This resulted in a normal peripheral @entity1423 and a decreased total platelet mass which was significantly lower than in non-splenectomized control subjects. The results suggest that platelet production is regulated by a feed-back mechanism that is governed by the peripheral @entity1423 . The high @entity1423 encountered 1 month after splenectomy is due to a sluggishness of this regulatory mechanism.

title: Platelet kinetics in XXXX ( @entity3039 ) before and at different times after splenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['MLS', 'mean life span']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet MLS', 'Before splenectomy platelet MLS', 'platelet count']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: A new preparation of botulinum toxin type A called @entity7124 , free from complexing proteins, potentially with low antigenicity has been used in the therapy of @entity508 in @entity64 @entity1 . This was an open-label study reported the safety and the efficacy of one-year treatment with @entity7124 evaluating the therapeutic effect on functional disability and on quality of life in upper limb @entity508 after @entity64 . @entity1 received a botulinum toxin therapy in the upper injected intramuscularly. After inoculation, @entity1 were submitted to a motor rehabilitation program for upper limb injected three times/week. Re-treatment was permitted at 12 weeks after the prior treatment. Safety assessment included evaluation of adverse events and efficacy was measured by @entity508 ( @entity508 ), Spasm Frequency Score (SFS) for the daily @entity2473 , and Disability Assessment Scale (DAS) for disability. Of 35 consecutive @entity1 (13 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ) screened for study eligibility, 20 (6 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 ) @entity1 (mean age 63,4  7,03) were included in this study and were submitted to @entity7124 therapy for one year. At the baseline, botulinum toxin dose in the upper limb ranged from 160 to 450U, whereas total dose in the last treatment administrated was reduced respect the first injections ranging from 120 to 350U. All the enrolled @entity1 completed the year-long study and reported an improvement of clinical picture. @entity508 , was statistically (px003C;0,001) reduced in all muscles at T1 (mean score   SD: 2.65  0.67) and T2 (mean score  SD: 2.55  0.60) in comparison to the baseline T0 (mean score  SD: 3.9   0.78). Significant reduction (px003C;0,001) from baseline T0 (mean score   SD: 3.25  0.78) was also noted in SFS at T1 (mean score   SD: 1.55  0.51) and T2 (mean score  SD :1.30  0.47). The DAS score showed a reduction of the T1score (mean score   SD: 1.70  0.47) and T2 score (mean score   SD: 1,40   0,50) respect to baseline T0 score (mean score   SD: 2,65   0,48) statistically significant (p <=003C;0,001). No adverse effects were observed in these @entity1 . @entity7124 appeared to be an efficacious and well-tolerated long-term treatment option for @entity1 with upper limb @entity508 after @entity64 , obtaining a substantial improvement in functional disability, muscle hypertone, and daily @entity2473 .

title: Treatment of upper limb @entity508 after XXXX : one-year safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A @entity7124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['Modified Ashworth Scale for spasticity', 'spasticity', 'MAS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The aims of this study were to identify whether @entity19 placenta secretes soluble @entity18070 (sOB-R) and to find the regulating factor of @entity18070 expression. Total RNAs were extracted from placenta and decidua, and @entity18070 expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis. Decidua did not express @entity18070 mRNA. However, @entity18070 mRNA expression was detectable in the placenta on day 13 of pregnancy, and then it increased and reached a peak on day 17 of pregnancy. @entity19 placental cells from day 12 of pregnancy were cultured and @entity18070 gene expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis. @entity18070 mRNA expression was detectable from the second day of culture and reached a peak on the third day of culture. To determine whether placental cells release sOB-R, supernatant of cultured placental cells was subjected to Western blot analysis. sOB-R was detected in the medium by the second day of culture and sOB-R release increased up to the fourth day of culture. Addition of leptin to the medium did not affect expression of @entity18070 mRNA. However, @entity5987 inhibited both steady-state levels of @entity18070 mRNA and the amount of sOB-R protein in the medium in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These results suggest that trophoblast cells differentiate, express, and release sOB-R both in vivo and in vitro and that @entity268 is one of several potent regulators of sOB-R secretion by the @entity19 placenta.

title: @entity19 placental cells secrete soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R): XXXX inhibits sOB-R production.

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: Two cases of delayed radiation @entity39 of the brain were reported. Case 1 was a 50-year-old @entity1 who had right @entity1269 and disorientation 26 months after Linac irradiation (5,000 rad), preceded by the operation for @entity189 . A left carotid angiogram demonstrated a left temporal @entity66 , extending the frontal lobe. Case 2 was a 41-year-old @entity1 who had previously the operation for right intraorbital plasmocytoma, followed by two times Co irradiation (6,400 rad, and 5,000 rad). He had the signs and symptoms of @entity428 36 months after last irradiation. A left carotid angiogram demonstrated a left temporal @entity66 . Both cases were treated by administration of @entity134 hormone, which alleviated the signs and symptoms, followed by the temporal lobectomy. Microscopic examinations showed @entity39 of the brain tissues associated with @entity3120 walls and perivascular cell infiltration. The signs and symptoms of @entity428 subsided postoperatively. The other thirteen cases as same as ours were collected from literature, which showed the signs and symptoms simulating a @entity1313 (like a metastic @entity1313 ) after the irradiation to extracranial @entity5 , and the diagnosis of radiation @entity39 were made by the operation or autopsy. A follow-up for a long time is necessary, because the pathological changes in the brain may be progressive and extending in some cases, although the decompressive operations for @entity66 are excellent in result.

title: [Delayed radiation @entity39 of the brain simulating a XXXX --report of two cases (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline degeneration of blood vessel']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['right maxillar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: @entity15714 ( @entity15714 ) and @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ), both @entity219 -binding endopeptidases, are abundantly expressed in ruptured and eroded plaques in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). The adhesion molecule @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ), expressed on activated platelets and T-lymphocytes, can activate metalloproteinases and thereby promote plaque- @entity397 . @entity9539 , through their anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties, might reduce the levels of these proatherosclerotic markers and thereby the development of @entity1187 . 300 @entity1 were randomized on day 4 to 6 following an @entity583 ( @entity583 ) to receive either 4 g of n-3 @entity1718 or a similar daily dose of @entity4336 oil for at least one year. We compared levels of @entity15714 , @entity1495 and sCD-40 L at baseline and 12 months in each group, and also looked for inter-group changes. In the omega-3 group, the median level of @entity15714 rose from 0.47 mU/l to 0.56 mU/l (p < 0.001). In the same group, sCD-40 L decreased from a mean baseline value of 5.19 ng/ml to 2.45 ng/ml (p < 0.001) and @entity1495 decreased nonsignificantly from 360.50 ng/ml to 308.00 ng/ml. Corresponding values for the @entity4336 oil group were 0.54 mU/l to 0.59 mU/l for @entity15714 (p = 0.007), 5.27 ng/ml to 2.84 ng/ml for sCD-40 L (p < 0.001) and 430.00 ng/ml to 324.00 ng/ml for @entity1495 (p = ns), respectively. In conclusion; both interventions resulted in a significant rise in @entity15714 , a significant decrease in sCD40L and a non-significant decrease in @entity1495 after 12 months of treatment in @entity583 survivors. No inter-group differences were noted.

title: Long term influence of regular intake of high dose @entity9539 on @entity1495 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['N-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase 9']

entities_list: @entity15714 :: ('5069', 'Gene') :: ['Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A', 'PAPP-A']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The @entity460 -dependent secretion of @entity461 ( @entity461 ) is mediated through an extracellular G protein-coupled @entity460 receptor (CaR). Inactivating point mutations of this receptor have been found in familial hypocalciuric @entity2741 and @entity4837 severe @entity2742 . These diseases feature a decreased @entity460 sensitivity of the parathyroid glands, resulting in a rightward shift of the @entity141 - @entity461 relationship. Severe non-suppressible @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is often characterized by similar setpoint shifts to the right. Thus, point mutations of the CaR gene could contribute to non-suppressible @entity8 . We examined genomic DNA of hyperplastic or mainly nodular tissues of 39 parathyroids from 25 @entity8 - @entity1 with resistance to @entity3873 therapy. Amplification of the six exons of the CaR gene was followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. DNA sequencing was performed where band shifts were observed. No point mutations in the coding sequence of the CaR gene were detected using the PCR-SSCP strategy. Point mutations in the coding regions of the CaR gene probably play no role in the evolution of renal @entity2742 and are not responsible for the @entity3873 resistance of @entity461 secretion.

title: Point mutations of the @entity1 parathyroid @entity460 receptor gene are not responsible for non-suppressible XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hyperparathyroidism', 'rHPT']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['HPT', 'hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Epidemiologic studies have revealed an increased risk for development of @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) among dye workers/painters occupationally exposed to @entity17072 such as @entity16748 , @entity27839 , @entity42948 , and @entity9308 . In the present study, @entity876 gene mutations in 26 @entity1 with @entity1494 occupationally exposed to @entity17072 were examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified DNA segments, followed by direct sequencing. All were male, and age at admission ranged from 43 to 75 (median 66) years. Twenty-nine biopsy specimens were from primary lesions; 17 (61%) of these lesions were from @entity1606 including one @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ); 11 were from @entity1141 ; and 1 was taken from normal-looking transitional epithelium adjoining @entity1606 . @entity1606 lesions included 12 with low-grade (Grade 1 or 2) and 5 with high-grade (Grade 3 or @entity2735 ) changes. Twenty-four recurrent lesions were biopsied in 16 @entity1 : @entity1606 was found in 12 lesions (50%), @entity2735 in 1 (4%), and @entity1141 in 11 (46%). All lesions were localized within the submucosa except for two, which invaded into the muscle layers. PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis demonstrated that mutations (a) occurred in both @entity1141 and in normal-looking epithelium, in addition to @entity1606 lesions; (b) were at different sites in the @entity876 gene in concurrent or metachronous lesions; and (c) occurred in exon 5 in approximately 70% of lesions, especially at codons 151 and 152. C to T transitions were predominantly seen. These findings clearly show differences in the pattern of @entity876 mutation in occupational versus nonoccupational @entity1494 . Because both common and unique point mutations were found in @entity876 in concurrent and metachronous lesions, our results suggest that the multifocality of occupational @entity150 arises both from @entity2214 (field change) and from the dissemination of a single clone.

title: Alterations of the @entity876 gene in occupational @entity150 in workers exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['multiple clonal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder lesions']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity17072 :: ('CHEBI:33860', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amines']

entities_list: @entity27839 :: ('MESH:D015081', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-naphthylamine']

entities_list: @entity42948 :: ('MESH:C023622', 'Chemical') :: ['orthotoluidine']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity16748 :: ('MESH:C029876', 'Chemical') :: ['benzidine']

answer: @entity17072 :: (CHEBI:33860,Chemical) :: ['aromatic amines']


abstract: Induction of the @entity28324 gene in @entity375 was previously shown to be accompanied by the removal of four positioned nucleosomes from the promoter. In order to assess the role of nucleosomes in the cascade of gene activation, DNA corresponding to one of these nucleosomes was excised. In its place two foreign DNA segments of the same length were inserted: a fragment from the @entity3176 alpha-satellite DNA which is known to associate with histones in a highly specific fashion to give a uniquely positioned nucleosome or, alternatively, a fragment derived from pBR322 DNA. The promoter constructs were fused to the lacZ gene on centromere plasmids and transformed into @entity375 cells. The satellite fragment formed a nucleosome which persisted under inducing conditions. At the same time the inducibility of the @entity28324 promoter was virtually abolished. When various subfragments containing between 35 and 100 bp of the satellite segment were tested, they were all found to decrease the inducibility of the promoter, full repression required the full length molecule, however. In contrast, the pBR fragment made the promoter weakly constitutive, and induction proceeded to levels even higher than with a promoter lacking an insert. Analysis of the chromatin structure reveals a nucleosome on the pBR segment at noninducing conditions which is removed upon induction. It is concluded that the quality of the histone-DNA interactions at the promoter makes an intrinsic contribution to the regulation of the gene.

title: A functional role for nucleosomes in the repression of a XXXX promoter.

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['African green monkey']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate prevalence of @entity322 ( @entity322 ) in a multi-ethnic population of pregnant @entity1 , and to analyse for possible associations of the known risk factors for @entity322 in such a population. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: All pregnant @entity1 in three administrative city districts attending the @entity1 Health Clinics. POPULATION AND SAMPLE: Out of 823 @entity1 identified in the [corrected] first trimester, 772 (94%) [corrected] agreed to participate in the study at 28 weeks of gestation. Inclusion criteria were: healthy @entity1 at 20 weeks of gestation or less and able to communicate in Norwegian, Arabic, English, Sorani, Somali, Tamil, Turkish, Urdu or Vietnamese. METHODS: Differences between ethnic groups were tested by simple descriptive statistics. Associations were estimated by logistic regression analysis and presented as crude (cOR) and adjusted (aOR) odds ratios. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity322 as ascertained using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire- @entity322 -short form. RESULTS: Prevalence rates of @entity322 at 28 weeks of gestation were 26% for @entity1 of African origin, 36% for @entity1 of Middle Eastern origin, 40% for @entity1 of East Asian origin, 43% for @entity1 of South Asian origin and 45% for @entity1 of European/North American origin. The difference was significant between @entity1 of African and European/North American origins (P = 0.011) and between @entity1 of African and South Asian origins (P = 0.035). Age (aOR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09) and parity (aOR 2.34; 95% CI 1.66-3.28) were positively associated with the prevalence of @entity322 in pregnancy. @entity1 of African origin had significantly reduced odds for @entity322 (aOR 0.42; 95% CI 0.20-0.87). East Asian and African @entity1 reported the highest perceived impact of @entity322 in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of @entity322 was found in a multi-ethnic pregnant population.

title: The prevalence of XXXX in pregnancy among a multi-ethnic population resident in Norway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: We analyzed a series of 112 consecutive cases of left @entity4615 diagnosed in a single French hospital (72 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 ; age range, 5-84 yr) over 40 years, from 1959 to 1998. Symptoms of @entity339 , the first arm of the classic triad of @entity3291 presentation, were present in 75 @entity1 (67%), with mostly @entity712 . Symptoms of @entity887 , the second frequent presentation in the classic triad, were observed in 33 cases (29%) with 1 or several locations, @entity999 with @entity64 . Males are statistically at greater risk than females of developing @entity887 . The third arm of the classic triad consists of constitutional symptoms (34%) with @entity221 , @entity353 , or symptoms resembling @entity2597 , due to cytokine ( @entity650 ) secretion. Younger and male @entity1 have more @entity16 , and female @entity1 have more systemic symptoms. Seventy-two @entity1 (64%) had @entity299 , @entity339 (53.5%) and more rarely the suggestive @entity5 plop (15%). The most frequent electrocardiographic sign was left @entity1184 (35%), whereas @entity943 were uncommon. The greater number of @entity3291 @entity1 (98) diagnosed preoperatively after 1977 reflects the introduction of echocardiography as a noninvasive diagnostic procedure. However, there was no significant reduction in the average time from onset of symptoms to operation between @entity1 seen in the periods before and after 1977. The @entity5 diameter ranged from 1 to 15 cm with a weight of between 15 and 180 g (mean, 37 g). The @entity3291 surface was friable or villous in 35% of the cases, and smooth in the other 65% cases. @entity3291 in @entity1 presenting with @entity887 have a friable surface; those in @entity1 with cardiac symptoms, pseudo-mitral auscultation signs, @entity5 plop, and electrocardiogram or radiologic signs of left atrium @entity1184 and dilatation are significantly the larger @entity5 . The long-term prognosis is excellent, and only 4 @entity204 occurred among our 112 cases over a median follow-up of 3 years. The recurrence rate is low (5%), but long-term follow-up and serial echocardiography are advisable especially for young @entity1 .

title: Clinical presentation of left XXXX . A series of 112 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure or malaise']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['essentially pseudo-mitral valve disease', 'mitral valve obstruction']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'atrial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['essentially cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['Myxomas', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism', 'embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac auscultation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['atrial cardiac myxoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Starch serves as a temporal storage of @entity3363 in plant leaves during day/night cycles. To study transcriptional regulatory modules of this dynamic metabolic process, we conducted gene regulation network analysis based on small-sample inference of @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ). RESULTS: Time-series significant analysis was applied for @entity958 leaf transcriptome data to obtain a set of genes that are highly regulated under a diurnal cycle. A total of 1,480 diurnally regulated genes included 21 starch metabolic enzymes, 6 clock-associated genes, and 106 transcription factors (TF). A starch-clock-TF gene regulation network comprising 117 nodes and 266 edges was constructed by @entity3628 from these 133 significant genes that are potentially related to the diurnal control of starch metabolism. From this network, we found that b-amylase 3 (b-amy3: At4g17090), which participates in starch degradation in chloroplast, is the most frequently connected gene (a hub gene). The robustness of gene-to-gene regulatory network was further analyzed by TF binding site prediction and by evaluating global co-expression of TFs and target starch metabolic enzymes. As a result, two TFs, indeterminate domain 5 ( @entity55188 : At2g02070) and constans-like (COL: At2g21320), were identified as positive regulators of starch synthase 4 ( @entity55189 : At4g18240). The inference model of @entity55188 -dependent positive regulation of @entity55189 gene expression was experimentally supported by decreased @entity55189 mRNA accumulation in @entity55188 mutant plants during the light period of both short and long day conditions. COL was also shown to positively control @entity55189 mRNA accumulation. Furthermore, the knockout of @entity55188 and COL led to deformation of chloroplast and its contained starch granules. This deformity also affected the number of starch granules per chloroplast, which increased significantly in both knockout mutant lines. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we utilized a systematic approach of microarray analysis to discover the transcriptional regulatory network of starch metabolism in @entity958 leaves. With this inference method, the starch regulatory network of @entity958 was found to be strongly associated with clock genes and TFs, of which @entity55188 and COL were evidenced to control @entity55189 gene expression and starch granule formation in chloroplasts.

title: Inferring transcriptional gene regulation network of starch metabolism in XXXX leaves using @entity3628 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['GGM', 'graphical Gaussian model']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: Because @entity6815 identifies 90% of hepatic metastatic disease and the addition of other studies (ultrasonography, C.T. @entity7994 , and selective mesenteric angiography) identities only 4% more, the identification of a @entity75 with @entity6815 obviates for the most part the use of further investigations. If @entity6815 is negative, additional studies should only be undertaken if surgery is contemplated. Because @entity6815 may only localize 60%-70% of primary gut NETs, an additional 10%-15% may be identified by undertaking additional studies. The most sensitive test, @entity7994 , should be undertaken next, but because it is not widely available, pancreatic protocol CT scan is almost as effective in identification of a @entity75 . If a primary @entity7581 cannot be identified by @entity6815 or @entity7994 , endoscopic ultrasonography should be undertaken because duodenal @entity7581 are often minute and multicentric. A similar strategy applies for @entity9608 because up to 40% cannot be located by @entity6815 and the majority are located in the pancreatic head. Thus, @entity7994 followed by endoscopic ultrasonography is the most appropriate course. Although @entity460 provocation-angiography is highly effective in the identification of @entity9608 , it is significantly more invasive and should be used only as a last resort. Of particular interest is the observation that in the study of @entity7581 , @entity6815 altered clinical management in almost 50% of @entity1 . This reflected the ability of @entity6815 not only to identify the @entity5 location but clarify equivocal localization results generated by conventional imaging studies. It thus seems that the simplicity, superior sensitivity, high specificity, and cost-effectiveness of @entity6815 mandate that it be the imaging modality in @entity1 with @entity7581 . Because the cost of an @entity6815 is  1800 and may obviate the need for multiple other topographic studies that are at least as expensive, the fiscal dictates further warrant the use of this study as the initial topographic investigation. These observations are probably applicable to all gut NETs, although the likelihood of primary identification in the instance of @entity9608 @entity1 may be somewhat less. The timely and cost-effective establishment of the type of NET, its primary site, and the detection metastatic spread will enable determination of the appropriate management strategy.

title: Approaches to the diagnosis of gut XXXX : the last word (today).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma', 'insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma', 'gastrinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate anatomic and sexual outcomes among @entity1 with severe @entity3577 , defined as stage III or higher by Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q), who underwent modified laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. METHODS: Between March 2007 and December 2010, a prospective study in Beijing, China, enrolled 21 @entity1 who underwent vaginal hysterectomy, followed by modified laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with the attachment of mesh straps transvaginally and the sacral attachment of mesh laparoscopically. @entity1 were assessed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and yearly. Anatomic success was defined as POP-Q lower than stage II. Sexual outcomes were assessed via the short-form Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 43.5 months (range 18-60 months), the surgical success rate was 100%, the @entity1 satisfaction rate was 90.4%, and 1 @entity1 (4.8%) experienced mesh exposure. Postoperatively, 20 @entity1 were sexually active (95.2%). There was a significant improvement between pre- and postoperative PISQ-12 scores both for the total score (31.6 vs 38.5; P<0.001), and for 5 individual items (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Modified laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with mesh seemed to be safe and might simplify the surgical approach to severe POP with satisfying anatomic and functional outcomes. It did not affect sexual function negatively.

title: Modified laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with mesh for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Raising mucoperiosteal flaps in traditional palatoplasty impairs mid-facial growth. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels have been successfully tested for minimally invasive craniofacial bone generation in  vivo as carriers of @entity50188 ( @entity50188 ). We aimed to develop a novel flapless technique for @entity2419 repair by injecting a @entity50188 containing hydrogel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity235 pups with @entity2419 were either non-treated (n=4) or treated with two-flap palatoplasty (n=6) or with the proposed injection/adhesion technique (n=5). The experimental approach was to inject a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel containing @entity692 and @entity50188 subperiosteally at the @entity2419 margins of pups aged six weeks. At week ten, a thin strip of the medial edge mucosa was removed and the margins were closed directly. Occlusal photographs and computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained up to week  20. RESULTS: Four weeks after the gel injection the @entity2419 margins had reached the midline and engineered bone had enlarged the palatal bones. Removal of the medial edge mucosa and suturing allowed complete closure of the cleft. Compared to traditional palatoplasty, the injection/adhesion technique was easier, and the post-surgical recovery was faster. CT on week 20 revealed some overlapping or "bending" of palatal shelves in the two-flap repair group, which was not observed in the experimental nor control groups. CONCLUSION: A minimally invasive technique for @entity2419 repair upon injectable scaffolds in a @entity235 model of @entity2419 is feasible. Results suggest better growth of palatal bones. This represents an attractive clinical alternative to traditional palatoplasty for @entity2419 @entity1 .

title: Injection and adhesion palatoplasty: a preliminary study in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cleft palate', 'cleft palate']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']