abstract: BACKGROUND: Airway remodeling in @entity565 is characterized by structural changes to the airways including extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and epithelial metaplasia. Extracellular matrix deposition in the subepithelial region may play an important role in modulation of epithelial cell and fibroblast structure and function because it lies in immediate contact with these cell types and exists within the functional epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of aberrant ECM components on airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts and the relationship among subepithelial ECM deposition, other remodeling changes, and airway hyperresponsiveness. METHODS: BEAS-2B @entity1 airway epithelial cells and @entity1 @entity1 airway fibroblast cells were cultured on various ECM protein substrates (Matrigel, representing normal basement membrane matrix, or aberrant matrix proteins collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin). Airway remodeling changes were determined using morphometry in sections from a @entity19 model of @entity1030 . Airway reactivity to @entity2710 was determined, and these parameters correlated. RESULTS: Abnormal ECM substrates induced epithelial and fibroblast proliferation and altered the cell morphology of both @entity1 airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts when compared with normal basement membrane ECM. Subepithelial matrix deposition in the @entity19 correlated with epithelial thickness, but only weak correlations were noted among the other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that ECM may affect the growth of airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts in vitro and may influence epithelial thickness in the @entity19 . These findings may have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of @entity565 and future therapeutic targeting of airway remodeling.

title: Effect of extracellular matrix composition on airway epithelial cell and fibroblast structure: implications for airway remodeling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allergic airway disease']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is common and associates with excess @entity65 independent of blood pressure. Exposure to @entity1369 and @entity1372 leads to cardiac @entity82 and @entity1184 in @entity1 and animals possibly mediated by @entity32 and oxidative stress. We aimed to clarify the effects of @entity1369 excess on @entity296 and composition in @entity1 subjects with PA and essential @entity101 using contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging as well as explore the mechanistic basis for any observed differences. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven subjects with recently diagnosed PA and 54 essential @entity101 controls were recruited. Subjects underwent @entity2287 -enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance; noninfarct related @entity296 was identified by a diffuse pattern of late @entity2287 enhancement. @entity1 also underwent assessment of pulse wave velocity, measurement of circulating @entity224 anion and @entity1851 , as well as blood pressure and biochemical assessment. Subjects were well matched with no difference in severity or duration of @entity101 . There was a significant increase in the frequency of noninfarct late @entity2287 enhancement in PA (70%) when compared with essential @entity101 subjects (13%; P<0.0001) with no difference in left ventricular mass. Pulse wave velocity, @entity224 , and @entity1851 were significantly higher in subjects with PA. CONCLUSIONS: These data illustrate that @entity1 with PA exhibit frequent @entity296 as demonstrated by late @entity2287 enhancement using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; this finding is independent of blood pressure. This may be mediated partly through @entity32 and oxidative stress. This study highlights the importance of specific targeting of @entity1369 excess as well as blood pressure reduction to minimize cardiac morbidity in PA.

title: Demonstration of blood pressure-independent noninfarct XXXX in primary aldosteronism: a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial structure', 'myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of synchronous and metachronous multiple primary @entity2 (MPLCs) has been increasing recently. The new multidisciplinary classification of lung @entity420 and @entity2802 Classification of Lung Cancer (7(th) edition, 2009), have improved the understanding of MPLC. Most researchers recommend that surgical therapy should be actively pursued if the @entity1 's physical condition and lung function permit it and if a complete cure can be achieved. However, few studies have reported the long-term efficacy of surgical treatment for MPLC, which we explored in this study. METHODS: A total of 1,290 @entity2 @entity1 from a prospectively maintained database, treated by a single surgeon group between January 2000 and July 2013, at Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University, were reviewed. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 31 @entity1 diagnosed with MPLC out of 1290 @entity2 @entity1 , focusing on long-term survival. RESULTS: MPLC @entity1 accounted for 2.4% (31/1,290) of the @entity1 cohort: 27 had synchronous MPLC (87.1%) and 4 had metachronous MPLC (12.9%). The 1-, 3- and 5-year postoperative survival rates were 100%, 75.8% and 75.8%. On stratification according to @entity2802 stage, the 1-, 3- and 5-year of @entity1 with stage I @entity5 (20 @entity1 ) were 100%, 77.2% and 77.2%, not statistically significant with those for the entire cohort (1,290 @entity1 ; 95.4%, 80.5% and 66.2%, P=0.455). CONCLUSIONS: When the @entity1 's physical condition and @entity5 -related factors permit it, surgery should be the first choice of treatment for MPLC; it is associated with an equivalent efficacy to that of surgery for single primary @entity2 .

title: The equivalent efficacy of multiple operations for multiple primary @entity2 and a single operation for single primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Social recovery has become a prominent aspect of mental health service design and delivery in the past decade. Much of the literature on social recovery is derived from first- @entity1 accounts or primary research with adult service users experiencing severe @entity1032 . There is a lack of both theoretical and empirical work that could inform consideration of how the concept of social recovery might apply to adolescents experiencing common (non-psychotic) mental health problems such as @entity148 and @entity308 . The current study was conducted to understand the process of experiencing @entity148 and @entity308 in young @entity1 . Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine adolescents with @entity148 and @entity308 (seven @entity1 and two @entity1 aged 14-16   years) and 12 mothers who were recruited from a specialist @entity1 and Adolescent Mental Health Service in the South of England. Thematic analysis indicated that young @entity1 do experience a process of 'recovery'; the processes @entity1 described have some congruence with the earlier stages of adult recovery models involving biographical disruption and the development of new meanings, in this case of @entity148 or @entity308 , and changes in sense of identity. The accounts diverge with regard to later stages of adult models involving the development of hope and responsibility. The findings suggest that services should attend to social isolation and emphasise support for positive @entity1173 for future selves whilst also attending to young @entity1 's and parents' expectations about change. Methodological challenges face enquiry about 'recovery' given its connotations with cure in everyday language. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: Theoretical and empirical work on social recovery in young @entity1 and families is lacking. Using interviews, this study sought to understand the relevance of social recovery for adolescents with @entity148 and @entity308 and their mothers. Findings suggest some congruence with the earlier stages of adult recovery models involving meaning and identity. Findings diverge with regard to later stages of adult recovery models involving hope and responsibility. Social recovery in mental health services for young @entity1 needs significant @entity3124 .

title: Adolescents with @entity148 and XXXX : is social recovery relevant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'boys', 'girls', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['empirical attention and critical debate']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspirations']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Intracerebral inoculation of @entity6621 into adult DDD @entity19 produced intensive @entity693 several days after @entity281 . The inflammatory reaction could be quantitated by counting cells obtained from this inflammatory lesion. The local virus titer increased until day 5 and subsequently decreased rapidly with time. Concomitant with this titer decrease, numerous meningeal exudate cells appeared in the lesion. The cytotoxic activity of these cells against @entity6621 infected cells was studied after removal of glass-adherent cells. The results showed that these meningeal exudate cells possessed cytotoxic activity against the virus-infected cells and moreover inhibited plaque formation by @entity6621 . The magnitude of this activity was much larger than that of spleen cells obtained from the same animals. After treatment with antithymocyte serum, or with antitheta serum plus complement, the meningeal cells lost their inhibitory activity, suggesting that the cells which exerted the effect were mainly T lymphocytes. The meningeal exudate cells obtained on day 7 postinfection were further characterized. A greater part, approximately 80%, of the cell population was composed of theta-positive cells. Less than 1% carried immunoglobulin, 7% possessed neither theta antigen nor immunoglobulin on the surface, and 12% represented glass-adherent cells.

title: Meningeal exudate cells in vaccinia @entity693 of XXXX : role of local T cells.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The proteasome inhibitor, @entity1749 , has direct anti- @entity5 effects and has been demonstrated to sensitize @entity5 cells to @entity5 @entity39 factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis. Natural killer (NK) cells are effective mediators of anti- @entity5 responses, both through cytotoxic granule killing and apoptosis-inducing pathways. We therefore investigated if @entity1749 sensitized @entity1 @entity0 cells to killing by the @entity1 NK cell line, NK-92. @entity1749 was unable to sensitize MDA-231 @entity0 cells to NK cell-mediated killing in short-term in vitro assays. However, @entity1749 did cause these cells to up-regulate apoptosis-related mRNA as well as death receptors on the cell surface. In a long-term in vitro @entity5 outgrowth assay that allows NK cells to use their full repertoire of killing pathways, @entity1749 sensitized three @entity0 cell lines to NK cell-mediated killing, which led to greater anti- @entity5 effects than either treatment alone. We then used a xenogeneic @entity19 model in which CB-17 @entity915 @entity19 were injected with @entity1 @entity0 cells. This model displayed the effectiveness of @entity1 cells, but the addition of @entity1749 did not increase the survival further or reduce the number of lung metastases in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . However, while @entity1749 was highly cytotoxic to @entity1 cells in vitro, @entity1749 treatment in vivo did not decrease NK-92 function, suggesting that through alternative dosing or timing of @entity1749 , greater efficacy may occur from combined therapy. These data demonstrate that combined treatment of @entity1 @entity0 with @entity1749 and NK cells has the potential to generate superior anti- @entity5 responses than either therapy alone.

title: Sensitization of XXXX @entity0 cells to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by proteasome inhibition.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: We recently demonstrated that in @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ) highly stereotyped minor motor events (MMEs, in the form of short-lasting stereotyped movements involving the limbs, the axial musculature, and/or the head), could occur in either the presence or absence of an @entity302 ( @entity302 ). In lack of a systematic analysis, both MMEs and @entity26144 were frequently observed to occur in association with arousal fluctuations. Hereby, in the same group of refractory @entity4940 subjects, we report a methodical neurophysiolgical investigation set out to investigate whether, and how, the arousal mechanism, monitored through visual scoring of the cyclic alternating pattern, modulates the expression of MMEs and @entity26144 . METHODS: The relationship of MMEs, @entity26144 and arousal fluctuation was assessed in subjects explored using implanted electrodes. RESULTS: The occurrence of both @entity26144 and MMEs was associated with higher level of arousal (p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows a significant effect of interaction of @entity25 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both MMEs and @entity26144 are associated with arousal. We suggest that recurrence of @entity26144 in itself can induce an increase in arousal level, which in turn, through a gate effect, facilitate the occurrence of MMEs. Thus, MMEs wouldn't be a direct effect of @entity26144 , but rather originate from an indirect effect related to loss of cortical inhibition, which is secondary to arousal. In this perspective MMEs may be regarded as the result of aspecific dishinibition, triggered by internal epileptiform stimuli, of innate motor patterns generated by central pattern generators (CPGs). The CPG system might represent, through arousal facilitation, the substrate of the heterogeneous expression of MMEs in @entity4940 .

title: Coupling of minor motor events and XXXX with arousal fluctuations in @entity4940 .

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'epileptiform discharge']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy', 'NFLE']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['EDs and MMEs during CAP sleep']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptiform discharges']


abstract: Eight @entity1 with @entity8 were seen in a 15-year period. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 3 to 15 years with a mean of 6.5 years. Included were 7 female @entity1 , five of whom were Aboriginal, and 1 male @entity1 . Clinical presentation ranged from localized renal symptoms to a generalized @entity221 . Ultrasonography proved to be the most useful diagnostic investigation. Surgical management consisted of open surgical drainage in 5 cases with secondary nephrectomy in one. Two recent cases were managed by percutaneous drainage of the abscess together with appropriate antibiotic therapy. One case was successfully managed by antibiotic therapy without surgical or radiological intervention. In 5 cases the infecting organism was penicillinase-producing @entity794 and, in 2 cases, @entity526 was isolated. It is concluded that the diagnosis of @entity8 should be considered in @entity1 with a febrile @entity221 , particularly in Aboriginal female @entity1 . Ultrasonography is recommended as the investigation of choice which can also be used to establish percutaneous drainage, thus avoiding surgery.

title: XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal abscess']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemic illness']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal abscess']


abstract: @entity14495 is a unique soft tissue @entity5 with distinct microscopic features that include a nested or fascicular pattern of spindle cells accompanied by @entity7468 scattered throughout. It harbors a unique @entity12726 - @entity12569 gene fusion secondary to a t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation. Recently, it was reported that clear cell sarcoma can occur in the skin and mimic a broad spectrum of entities, including @entity320 . Here, we describe 3 new cases of @entity14495 , all of which were confirmed molecularly. The @entity1 , a 12-year-old @entity1 , a 29-year-old @entity1 , and a 60-year-old @entity1 , had cutaneous lesions on the thigh, dorsum of foot, and sole, respectively. All 3 lesions were originally considered suspicious of @entity320 . Microscopically, the lesions featured nodular proliferation centered in the dermis that consisted of discrete fascicles of spindle cell enmeshed by thin fibrous strands. Wreath-like cells were present in all cases. @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2281 protein (3 of 3 cases), melan A (2 of 3 cases), HMB 45 (1 of 3 cases) although a junctional melanocytic proliferation was seen in 1 case. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was negative in 2 @entity1 . Follow-up was uneventful in 2 @entity1 , whereas the other @entity1 developed a lymph node @entity3 5 months after primary @entity5 excision. This study confirms that malignant @entity5 that mimic but do not exactly replicate @entity320 should raise suspicion for @entity14495 and prompt the investigation for the confirmatory gene fusion t(12;22).

title: XXXX : report of three cases of a potentially underestimated mimicker of @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'dermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['larger wreath-like giant cells']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell sarcoma of the skin', 'cutaneous clear cell sarcoma', 'Clear cell sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['spindle cell melanoma']

answer: @entity14495 :: (MESH:D018227,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous clear cell sarcoma']


abstract: A histological technique was used to detect the multiple blood-feeding of female mosquitoes, within the same gonotrophic cycle, in field populations of the malaria vectors Anopheles culicifacies and An. subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae) at a village in the low country of @entity3595 Lanka, during 1994-96. Among 3306 An. culicifacies and 871 An. subpictus engorged females examined, respectively, 34.4% and 30.4% were multiple-fed. In these two species, double meals accounted for 92.7% and 89.5%, and triple meals for 7.3% and 10.5% of multiple meals, respectively. More females of An. culicifacies (53.7%) than An. subpictus (44.5%) multiple-fed on different nights. Multiple feeding rates in the two species were independent of sample size and field abundance. In An. culicifacies, but not An. subpictus, these rates were proportional to ambient temperature but not to humidity. Bloodmeal ELISA showed that 8.3% of 242 An. culicifacies were @entity1 -fed and 80% of these (i.e. 6.6%) were concurrently bovid-fed. Combining the histological and ELISA data, it was estimated that multiple feeding involving a @entity1 host had occurred in 7.2% of the blood-feeding An. culicifacies population at this study site. Only 1.2% of 406 An. subpictus were @entity1 -fed and all of these were concurrently bovid-fed. Multiple bloodfeeding within the same gonotrophic cycle was attributed to a local 'frequent feeding strategy' in these primarily zoophagic and endophilic malaria vectors. Unfortunately this strategy enhances their @entity1 -biting rate and hence their vectorial capacity.

title: Multiple host feeding in field populations of Anopheles culicifacies and An. subpictus in XXXX Lanka.

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: The role of @entity172 in bone resorption has been specifically related to the effect of @entity172 on the signalling pathway that inhibits the formation of osteoclasts. However, osteoclast apoptosis and a significant reduction in the number of these cells have been observed in the alveolar bone of female @entity35 treated with @entity53 . In the present study, the expression of @entity172 receptor beta ( @entity12209 ) in the cells of alveolar bone was evaluated in @entity53 -treated and -untreated female @entity35 . In order to test the possible direct action of @entity172 on osteoclasts, the relationship between apoptosis and @entity12209 expression in these cells was also analysed. The animals received @entity53 for 14 days and the alveolar bone fragments were embedded in paraffin for the quantification of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts. The expression of @entity12209 and apoptosis in the osteoclasts were evaluated by @entity12209 immunohistochemistry and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 Nick-End Labelling (TUNEL) methods, respectively. To confirm @entity204 by apoptosis, these cells were analysed under transmission electron microscopy. Some osteoclasts from @entity53 -treated animals were found to be undergoing apoptosis and the number of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts was significantly reduced. @entity12209 immunolabelling was observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of active osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts in both groups, suggesting a direct participation of @entity172 on alveolar bone cells. However, following @entity53 treatment, a strong @entity12209 immunolabelling was often observed in the TUNEL-positive osteoclasts. Therefore, these results indicate that, in addition to the other signalling pathway, the reduction of alveolar bone resorption is also related to a direct action of @entity172 on osteoclasts, promoting apoptosis in these cells, via @entity12209 .

title: Immunohistochemical detection of XXXX receptor beta in alveolar bone cells of @entity53 -treated female @entity35 : possible direct action of @entity172 on osteoclast life span.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclast death']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore the evidence of regular alteration of bone quality in @entity170 dynamically examined by @entity7748 and micro-CT, comparing with histopathology. METHODS: Forty @entity95 were allocated into two groups. Group A were used as sham. Group B underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) combined with daily intramuscular @entity1667 , underwent MR spectroscopy, micro-CT, and histopathology of L5 at 2, 4, 8, and 10 weeks after operation. RESULTS: Fat fraction as shown by @entity7748 in Group B was significantly increased over the time course of @entity170 development with significant difference between two groups at 4, 8, and 10 weeks after OVX. Continuous deterioration of cancellous bone architecture in Group B, was first detected at week 4. FF value in group B correlated with micro-CT parameters. Marrow fat as measured by MR and CT was positively correlated with both the mean density and diameter of adipocytes (both of which increased over time). CONCLUSIONS: Marrow adipogenesis occurs in synchrony with deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. @entity7748 may be valuable to assess the pathophysiological changes of bone marrow in @entity170 in early stage. KEY POINTS: @entity7748 revealed gradually increasing bone marrow fat in @entity95 rendered @entity3604 . Marrow adipogenesis occurs in synchrony with deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. Pathology revealed an early increase in number of marrow adipocytes in @entity170 . @entity7748 may help assess early pathophysiological bone marrow changes in @entity170 .

title: MR spectroscopy and micro-CT in evaluation of @entity170 model in XXXX : comparison with histopathology.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our previous study showed that @entity53 ( @entity4492 ) treatment protects @entity528 and related motor deficits in @entity1068 -withdrawn @entity35 , in part through the GABAergic system. In this study, we examined the effect of the @entity1246 -A antagonist @entity1027 on the neuroprotective effect of @entity4492 by assessing the oxidative marker @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS) during @entity1068 withdrawal (EW). METHODS: Ovariectomized animals that had implants of @entity4492 ( @entity4492 ) or oil (EW/Oil) pellets received liquid @entity1068 (7.5% w/v) or dextrin for 7 days by gavage. The @entity1246 -A antagonist @entity1027 (1.25 mg/kg) was administered (three times a day intraperitoneally) for 4 days starting 3 days before the onset of EW. After testing for overt EW signs at 7 hr of EW, one set of the animals was immediately killed for the collection of the cerebellum, hippocampus, and cortex. The brain homogenates were further processed for TBARS assay to detect TBARS in the presence or absence of @entity24871 . For assessing motor capacity, the other set of animals was tested for the latency to fall from a rotarod after 1 week of EW. RESULTS: The EW/Oil animals had enhanced endogenous and @entity24871 -stimulated TBARS levels in the cerebellum and the hippocampus in a manner potentiated by @entity1027 but inhibited by @entity4492 . @entity1027 counteracted the protective effect of @entity4492 when administered along with @entity4492 . Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that the latency to fall from the rotarod covaried with TBARS levels in the cerebellum and the hippocampus. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that @entity4492 protects against lipid peroxidation in vulnerable brain areas of @entity1068 -withdrawn @entity35 , in part through the GABAergic system.

title: Role of the XXXX -A system in estrogen-induced protection against brain lipid peroxidation in @entity1068 -withdrawn @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['Bicuculline', 'bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['against cerebellar neuronal death']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: An autosomal dominant mutation was produced by quadruple gonadal exposure of a male (C3H x 101)F1 @entity19 to 500 rad of X-irradiation. This mutation is maintained by the mating of affected heterozygous males to normal (C3H x C57B1)F1 females. Clinically apparent abnormalities were limited to the eyes and, in the affected adults, ranged from apparent @entity17347 to globes that were enlarged and exhibit large @entity4643 . Sequential evaluations of the embryogenesis of this condition have identified abnormal differentiation of the outer layer of the optic cup (presumptive retinal pigment epithelium-RPE) into a second @entity1274 . The abnormality is identified as early as day 10 of gestation, during invagination of the optic cup and lens placode. The area of @entity1141 may be diffuse or regional with an abrupt transition from normal RPE and often demonstrates excessive and uncontrolled proliferation. The two symmetrical, apposed layers of photoreceptors fail to differentiate and begin to degenerate prenatally. Absence of normal RPE leads to failure of induction of adjacent choroid and sclera, resulting in a posterior segment consisting of a large neuroepithelial-lined cyst. Radiation-induced @entity735 of this type have not been previously described. In addition, this model presents a unique opportunity to examine the processes leading to differentiation of a single, continuous epithelial layer into tissues as anatomically and functionally distinct as neural retina and RPE.

title: @entity1141 with retinal duplication in a mutant XXXX strain.

entities_list: @entity17347 :: ('MESH:D000853', 'Disease') :: ['anophthalmia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular malformations']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['layer of neural retina']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['uveoscleral colobomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['RPE dysplasia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity27356 (GPCMV) immediate-early (IE) gene expression was analyzed. GPCMV IE RNA was defined as RNA obtained from GPCMV-infected @entity840 cells treated with @entity1880 for 1 h before infection and for 4 h postinfection. Mapping studies showed that GPCMV IE genes are located at several distinct sites on the GPCMV genome. A total of 17 GPCMV IE transcripts were identified, and 9 IE transcripts coded for by three specific regions of the genome (regions I, II, and III) were characterized in detail. A series of recombinant DNA clones were generated to identify the nine IE transcripts. Three of the IE transcripts from region I and three from region III were transcribed in the same direction from overlapping sequences. The 2.0-kilobase (kb) transcript encoded by the EcoRI E DNA fragment (region II) was the most abundant IE GPCMV transcript. The cloned GPCMV DNA subfragment that was used to identify the region II EcoRI E 2.0-kb transcript did not hybridize to GPCMV early or late RNA, indicating that this transcript is expressed only under IE conditions. Expression of RNAs from the IE genes was also measured during a natural GPCMV infection in the absence of @entity1880 . During the natural infection, the transcripts previously identified under IE @entity1880 block conditions were expressed, and the region II EcoRI E 2.0-kb transcript was the most abundant transcript at 1 h postinfection. In addition, a rise and fall in RNA levels was observed during the natural infection, demonstrating the transient nature of expression of these transcripts. We conclude that GPCMV IE gene expression is complex, involving a reasonably large number of genes, and demonstrates some similarities with IE transcription by other CMVs.

title: XXXX immediate-early transcription.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity27356 :: ('33706', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pig cytomegalovirus']

answer: @entity27356 :: (33706,Species) :: ['Guinea pig cytomegalovirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sites of nodal failure (NF) of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 165 @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity189 treated with IMRT between July 1998 and April 2011 at our institution. Recurrent nodes were delineated on imaging and coregistered with the original treatment planning computed tomography. Failures were assessed as in-field, out-field, or marginal based on the relative volumes of the recurrent nodes covered by the original dose distribution. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 had NF at a median follow-up of 70.4 months for surviving @entity1 . The 3- and 5-year overall survival and NF rates were 88.7%, 76.0% and 5.8%, 7.7%, respectively. Six of the nodal failures were in-field, of which five occurred in level II; whereas four had out-field failures, all of which were in the protected parotid gland area. There were no recurrences in level 1b despite this region being protected. The cumulative 3- and 5-year failure rates in the parotid gland area were 2.2% and 3.1%, respectively. Three @entity1 with parotid failure initially had subcentimeter, nonspecific nodules in the same locations of the parotid gland as the recurrent nodes. CONCLUSION: Nodal failure is uncommon after IMRT in @entity189 . Recurrence in the parotid gland region accounts for all of the out-field failures and 40% of NF in our study. Comprehensive assessment of nodules in or around the parotid gland is therefore a key aspect of treatment planning and follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:377-382, 2017.

title: Patterns of nodal failure after intensity modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: 14-3-3   is a @entity5 suppressor gene induced by @entity876 in response to DNA damage and reportedly associated with resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 14-3-3   expression is also associated with resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of @entity1311 followed by @entity1487 / @entity1259 / @entity786 (P-FEC) in @entity1 @entity0 @entity1 . A total of 123 primary @entity0 @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P-FEC) were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry of 14-3-3   and @entity876 as well as direct sequencing of @entity876 were performed using the @entity5 biopsy samples obtained prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thirty-eight of the @entity5 (31%) were positive for 14-3-3  . There was no significant association between 14-3-3   expression and @entity876 mutation or @entity876 expression. However, 14-3-3   expression showed a significantly (P=0.009) negative association with pathological complete response (pCR) to P-FEC, and multivariate analysis demonstrated that only 14-3-3   (P=0.015) and @entity172 receptor (P=0.021) were significantly and independently associated with pCR. The combination of 14-3-3   expression and @entity876 mutation status had an additive negative effect on pCR, i.e., pCR rates were 45.5% for 14-3-3   negative/ @entity876 mutant @entity5 , 24.6% for 14-3-3   negative/ @entity876 wild @entity5 , 23.1% for 14-3-3   positive/ @entity876 mutant @entity5 , and 0% for 14-3-3   positive/ @entity876 wild @entity5 . These results demonstrate that 14-3-3   expression is significantly associated with resistance to P-FEC and this association is independent of other biological markers. The combination of 14-3-3   expression and @entity876 mutation status has an additively negative effect on the response to P-FEC.

title: 14-3-3   expression is associated with poor pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: Three months previously, a 17-year-old @entity1 had complained of right-hand side hemiparesis, and her brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a signal change in the left temporoparietooccipital area. The @entity23355 mutation was found in mitochondrial DNA. She was diagnosed with mitochondrial @entity20066 ( @entity20066 ) and was prescribed @entity13085 to treat @entity8193 . Her health improved. Two months later, she developed drowsiness and generalized weakness. A New lesion was not found on brain MRI, and electrodiagnostic findings were compatible with @entity1897 . Her negative symptoms, such as @entity308 , loss of interest in activities, @entity1155 , and @entity2147 , were aggravated. She was prescribed antidepressants and psychostimulants by a psychiatrist after diagnosis of severe @entity308 episode with @entity2437 features. One month later, her @entity2436 had improved with medication. Our experience shows that psychiatric diagnostic evaluation of abruptly regressed neurologic and clinical features is important, even in a @entity1 with devastating underlying disease.

title: XXXX with @entity2437 features in a case of mitochondrial @entity20066 ( @entity20066 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity20066 :: ('MESH:D017241', 'Disease') :: ['MELAS', 'myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed mood', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic condition']

entities_list: @entity2437 :: ('MESH:D012560', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic']

entities_list: @entity13085 :: ('MESH:D003999', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive episode']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2530 is an @entity79 (lunatomalacia) seen more commonly in males in the second to fourth decade of life. The exact etiology is unknown and symptoms include @entity158 and stiffness of wrist. @entity5 may require lunate excision and filling of the void by various substitutes like @entity1346 implants, tendon grafts etc. We report a case of @entity2530 with lunate excision and filling of defect by @entity709 longus muscle and tendon unit. CASE REPORT: An 18 year old male student presented with progressive @entity158 and difficulty in wrist movements. Investigations revealed a diagnosis of grade 4 @entity2530 . Lunate excision by a palmar approach followed by interposition arthroplasty with ipsilateral coiled Palmaris longus muscle belly along with the tendon was done under regional anaesthesia. Nine months post-operatively @entity1 is @entity158 free and wrist movements are full and free. CONCLUSION: In advanced stages of @entity195 lunate excision surgery is recommended. Post excision void can be filled with coiled Palmaris longus tendon-muscle unit together to increase the volume of the graft. This achieves snug fit, avoids the need of internal fixation, and also prevent @entity891 . Our case shows good clinical outcome in short term with no @entity891 by use of this procedure.

title: XXXX treated with Interposition Arthroplasty using Ipsilateral Palmaris Longus Tendon and Muscle Belly.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced stages of disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis of lunate bone']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['coiled palmaris']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['carpal collapse']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'wrist pain']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Keinbock's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ["Kienbock's disease"]

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Kienbock's Disease']


abstract: Evidence is accumulating that one of the strongest predictors of @entity989 ( @entity989 ), in addition to low gestational age, is poor @entity1017 during the first weeks of life. In @entity1 born preterm, the retina is not fully vascularised. The more premature the @entity1 , the larger is the avascular area. In response to @entity519 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is secreted. For appropriate @entity7 -induced vessel growth, sufficient levels of @entity442 ( @entity442 ) in serum are necessary. @entity442 is a peptide, related to nutrition supply, which is essential for both pre- and post-natal general growth as well as for growth of the retinal vasculature. In prematurely born infants, serum levels are closely related to gestational age and are lower in more prematurely born @entity1 . At preterm birth the placental supply of nutrients is lost, growth factors are suddenly reduced and general as well as vascular growth slows down or ceases. In addition, the relative @entity871 of the extra-uterine milieu, together with supplemental @entity26 , causes a regression of already developed retinal vessels. Postnatal @entity851 is a major problem in very preterm @entity1 . Both poor early @entity1017 and low serum levels of @entity442 during the first weeks/months of life have been found to be correlated with severity of @entity989 . CONCLUSION: This review will focus on the mechanisms leading to @entity989 by exploring factors responsible for poor early @entity1017 and abnormal vascularisation of the eye of the preterm @entity1 .

title: New insights into the development of @entity989 --importance of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical effect of mivacurium in morbidly @entity28 and normal-weight @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index >40) and 10 normal-weight @entity1 (body mass index, 21-24) with normal plasma cholinesterase levels. Anesthesia was provided with @entity1875 and @entity1937 in continuous infusion and a mixture of @entity26 and @entity3810 . @entity24478 was administered at a dose based on the @entity1 's weight (0.15 mg x kg(-1)). The @entity4094 was monitored by @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) acceleromyography after stimulation of the cubital nerve at the forearm. We measured the onset time (time from administration of the muscle relaxant to 95% twitch @entity308 ), duration of block (times from dosing to 5% recovery after the first twitch [T1] of a @entity3370 stimulus and to a @entity3370 ratio of 80%), and the recovery indices (time between 25% and 75% recovery after T1 and between recovery of @entity3370 ratios of 25% and 80%). Groups were compared with the Student t test. RESULTS: Mean (SD) onset time was similar in the 2 groups (normal weight 2.73 [1] minutes vs morbidly @entity28 1.91 [0.6] minutes). Other measures of duration and recovery were also similar in the 2 groups, respectively: duration of dose-T1 5%, 12.23 (2.1) vs 11.45 (3) minutes; dose- @entity3370 ratio 80%, 24.71 (4.6) vs 24.81 (5) minutes); recovery index T1 25%-75%, 6.45 (2) vs 5.56 (1) minutes; recovery of @entity3370 ratio T1 25%-80%, 9 (2) vs 10.11 (2) minutes. CONCLUSION: We found no differences in the clinical effect of mivacurium between morbidly @entity28 and normal-weight @entity1 when doses were based on real weight.

title: [Clinical effect of mivacurium in morbidly XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity24478 :: ('MESH:C049430', 'Chemical') :: ['Mivacurium']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast augmentation with fat injection is a growing trend in Japan. Many Japanese @entity1 experiencing @entity1558 are requesting to have their breast implants removed and simultaneously exchanged with autologous fat injection. The keys of our @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) process are to embrace the "Coleman technique" and to carefully detach implant capsules when removing breast implants. Furthermore, we carefully inject fat to avoid @entity39 . METHODS: Between January 2010 and January 2015, we investigated consecutively 131 Japanese @entity1 whom we could follow up for over 6 months postsurgery. We ascertained the usefulness of @entity1386 by assessing changes in breast size, complications, and a satisfaction survey. RESULTS: There were no serious complications. We had experienced mild complications in 9.2% of @entity1 (12/131). Partial fat @entity39 with @entity32 occurred in 2.3% of @entity1 (3/131), @entity2080 in the capsule in 3.1% (4/131), complaints of nodules (cysts, lumps) in 3.1% (4/131), and 1 @entity1410 @entity1 (0.8%). At 6 months after surgery (n = 131), breast cup size (by Japanese Industrial Standards) had decreased by less than 1 cup size, despite @entity1386 . At 6 months, we performed a postsurgery satisfaction survey, and only 4% of the @entity1 (5/131) were not satisfied with their surgery results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1386 is a very safe and effective procedure. Breast implants removed with a low invasive traumatic approach and centrifuged fat injected with the "Coleman technique" are important principles in our practice. Furthermore, avoiding fat @entity39 is one of the most important considerations, and our @entity1386 approach allows us to better control this potential complication during the surgical process.

title: Our Experience with 131 Cases of Simultaneous Breast Implant Exhange with Fat ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['SIEF', 'simultaneous implant exchange with fat']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast implant complications']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['SIEF']


abstract: We report a case of @entity1756 successfully treated by emergent transcatheter embolization with microcoils. A 66-year-old @entity1 was referred for emergency treatment after presenting with @entity812 and @entity391 . Blood examination showed @entity417 . Computed tomography demonstrated a partly calcified mass with @entity1410 . With the diagnosis of a @entity1756 , emergency angiography was performed. Left renal arteriography demonstrated a @entity439 at the lower aspect of the renal hilum. A total of five microcoils were placed at the arterial branch, including the orifice of the @entity439 . The first coil was partly lodged in a branch near the orifice of the @entity439 that was used as an "anchor" to prevent subsequent coils from migrating and effectively occluding the parent artery with a short segment. Two branches originating from the renal hilum were preserved. The postoperative course was favorable. Endovascular treatments, including coil embolization, appear to be effective, safe, and less invasive than surgery. This method should be considered as a treatment of choice for @entity1756 .

title: Emergent coil embolization for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['sudden-onset left flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['massive retroperitoneal hematoma']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured renal artery aneurysm', 'ruptured left renal artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured renal artery aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to analyze the cases of @entity7995 and their connection with @entity15 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We follow in a retrospective (1989-2004) study 86 @entity1 with @entity1781 , 59.3% of whom were females and 40.7% males. RESULTS: Recurrent @entity1781 was observed in 8 @entity1 (9.3%), it was 7% of all eyes and in 27 @entity1 (31.4%), that is 47.8% of all eyes, it was bilateral. @entity15 was diagnosed in 8 cases, the same number of the @entity1 was already treated because of SM. The most common initial symptom was decrease in visual acuity, which was poor (0.1 or worse) in 60% of the cases at the beginning. @entity158 occurred in 29.7%, @entity2300 in 28.7%, temporal or total pallor of the optic disc in 32.6% of the @entity1 . Central field defect was rather rare in the group studied (22.7%), to compare with paracentral or peripheral one (46.6%). In most cases of the visual evoked potentials we noticed the elongation in the latency of @entity7286 . Among 31 cases of MRI examination of the @entity6220 lesions have been revealed in 25.8%. CONCLUSIONS: We observed more cases of bilateral @entity7995 and @entity1019 than other authors. A number of diagnosed @entity15 @entity1 was high taking into consideration relatively short period of observation.

title: [Retrobulbar XXXX and @entity15 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system demyelination']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'retrobulbar neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['retrobulbar optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defects']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['paracentral defects']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: 12 @entity1 (8 males and 4 females) operated on for @entity279 , using microsurgical techniques are presented. Special consideration is given to the clinical and pathological aspects. The results of surgery are discussed. The family history is positive in 4 cases. Clinical aspect : a) the initial symptoms is @entity158 (9 @entity1 ) @entity51 were present in 2 cases. Only 1 @entity1 presented @entity227 at the beginning of the disease. b) the interval of time between the first symptom and the fully developped clinical picture is shorter than 1 year in 4 @entity1 and longer (up to 18 years) in 8 @entity1 . c) the full clinical picture consists of @entity51 , @entity132 (especially dorsal columns), cerebellar signs, @entity428 , sphincter disturbances, @entity2479 , @entity101 and @entity751 in decreasing order of frequence. Pathological findings at opsurgery : There are. a) 3 cases of @entity279 at the bulbo-cervical junction b) 5 cases of cerebello-medullary hemangoblastomas. c) 4 cases of @entity279 . 1 @entity1 had renal and @entity45 . 2 @entity1 had @entity1911 with @entity101 . Operative technique. Microsurgical techniques, @entity162 , and continuous irrigation of the operative field are of primordial importance. The @entity5 must be approached from the periphery and never from the center. One should coagulate the afferent vessels first and the efferent vessels only at the end. Results of surgery. In 1 case, only a partial removal was possible and the @entity1 did not improve. A complete removal was possible in 11 @entity1 with the following results : -- 4 @entity1 are in excellent condition and have a normal socio-professional life. -- 5 @entity1 improved and are independant. The are able to perform partial time-work. -- 1 @entity1 , with bulbar extension of the @entity5 improved from the motor point of view, but he presents a permanent. deficit of the IX, X, XI cranial nerves. He has a permanent tracheal canula. -- 1 @entity1 improved following surgery, but he died 12 months later (stress @entity1066 and @entity299 ). The autopsy revealed a recurrence of the @entity17692 .

title: [Microsurgical experiments in 12 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioblastomas', 'intramedullary hemangioblastomas', 'medullary hemangioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar coagulation']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tumor']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal angiomas']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac decompensation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits', 'motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['psychoorganic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['usually pain']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts']

answer: @entity279 :: (MESH:D018325,Disease) :: ['intramedullary hemangioblastomas']


abstract: Medical treatment of the @entity8579 has been generally accepted because of the proven efficacy of the @entity112 (H2)-receptor antagonists in achieving symptomatic relief, and because of early reports indicating that few, if any, @entity7581 were resectable for cure. @entity8243 radioimmunoassay (RIA) has made earlier and more certain diagnosis possible, and therefore reevaluation of the surgical management of @entity7581 is necessary. Experience with 60 @entity7581 @entity1 is reported. Comparison between the pregastrin RIA years (before 1970) and post- @entity8243 RIA years was made to determine whether there was evidence to support the continuation of medical treatment without attempts to resect the @entity7581 . Twenty-five cases were diagnosed in the pre-RIA years. Age at diagnosis ranged from 17 to 68 years (median, 45 years). All @entity1 were operated on. @entity3 were found in 56 percent. No @entity5 was identified in 8 percent. @entity5 was resected for "cure" (normal fasting @entity8243 levels for two years postoperatively) in one @entity1 . Seventeen @entity1 have died, and @entity5 was the cause of @entity204 in 70 percent. The five-year survival rate was 44 percent; the 10-year survival rate was 40 percent. Thirty-five cases were diagnosed after 1970. Age at diagnosis ranged from 39 to 61 years (median, 46 years). Thirty @entity1 were operated on. @entity3 were identified in 23 percent and no @entity5 was found in 17 percent. @entity5 was resected for "cure" in 30 percent of @entity1 . Seven @entity1 have died and @entity5 caused @entity204 in 42 percent. The five-year survival rate was 82 percent; the 10-year rate was 64 percent. Advances in diagnosis and surgical technique since 1970 have made early operative treatment applicable in @entity1 with @entity7581 . Because @entity204 in most cases is caused by progression of the @entity5 , an aggressive surgical approach to resect the @entity5 is advised soon after the diagnosis of @entity8579 is established.

title: Early surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma', 'gastrinomas']

answer: @entity7581 :: (MESH:D015408,Disease) :: ['gastrinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of @entity2516 in Shiraz schoolchildren by age and gender. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, random cluster sampling was carried out from students of the 2008-2009 academic year. After the initial interview, ophthalmic examinations including tests of visual acuity, non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction and binocular vision were performed. @entity1714 was defined as a spherical equivalent < or =-0.50 dioptre (D), @entity3467 as > or =+2.0 D, and @entity940 as a cylinder refraction > or =0.75 D. All values for school grade and gender were directly standardized based on the total student population in the 2008-2009 school year. RESULTS: A total of 2130 students were sampled, of which 1872 participated in the study (response rate = 87.88%). The prevalence of uncorrected, best-corrected, presenting and spectacle corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or worse in the better eye was 6.46%, 0%, 1.49% and 0.9%, respectively. The prevalence rates of @entity1714 , @entity3467 and @entity940 were 4.35% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.89-5.82%), 5.04% (95% CI: 3.50-6.58%), and 11.27% (95% CI: 9.81-12.74%), respectively. @entity9340 was detected in 2.58% of schoolchildren. The prevalence of @entity3467 significantly decreased with age (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other reported rates, the prevalence of @entity1714 in the schoolchildren of Shiraz is similar to that in most places excluding East Asian countries, and that of @entity3467 is in the mid range.

title: Prevalence of XXXX among schoolchildren in Shiraz, Iran.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['Anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['Myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive errors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment (angioplasty with or without stenting) is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for @entity543 but there are scarce long-term efficacy data showing that it prevents @entity64 . We therefore report the long-term results of the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS). METHODS: Between March, 1992, and July, 1997, @entity1 who presented at a participating centre with a confirmed @entity850 of the internal @entity2998 that was deemed equally suitable for either carotid endarterectomy or endovascular treatment were randomly assigned to either treatment in equal proportions by telephone or fax from the randomisation service at the Oxford Clinical Trials Unit, UK. @entity1 were seen by an independent neurologist at 1 and 6 months after treatment and then every year after randomisation for as long as possible, up to a maximum of 11 years. Major outcome events were transient ischaemic attack, non-disabling, disabling, and fatal @entity64 , @entity583 , and @entity204 from any other cause. Outcomes were adjudicated on by investigators who were masked to treatment. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN 01425573. FINDINGS: 504 @entity1 with @entity850 of the @entity2998 (90% symptomatic) were randomly assigned to endovascular treatment (n=251) or surgery (n=253). Within 30 days of treatment, there were more minor @entity64 that lasted less than 7 days in the endovascular group (8 vs 1) but the number of other @entity64 in any territory or @entity204 was the same (25 vs 25). There were more @entity129 (22 vs 0) in the endarterectomy group than in the endovascular group. Median length of follow up in both groups was 5 years (IQR 2-6). By comparing endovascular treatment with endarterectomy after the 30-day post-treatment period, the 8-year incidence and hazard ratio (HR) at the end of follow-up for ipsilateral non-perioperative @entity64 was 11.3% versus 8.6% (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.59-2.54); for ipsilateral non-perioperative @entity64 or @entity4905 was 19.3% versus 17.2% (1.29, 0.78-2.14); and for any non-perioperative @entity64 was 21.1% versus 15.4% (1.66, 0.99-2.80). INTERPRETATION: More @entity1 had @entity64 during follow-up in the endovascular group than in the surgical group, but the rate of ipsilateral non-perioperative @entity64 was low in both groups and none of the differences in the @entity64 outcome measures was significant. However, the study was underpowered and the confidence intervals were wide. More long-term data are needed from the on going stenting versus endarterectomy trials. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation; UK National Health Service Management Executive; UK @entity64 Association.

title: Endovascular treatment with angioplasty or stenting versus endarterectomy in XXXX with @entity543 in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): long-term follow-up of a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Systemic inflammatory response in individuals with @entity5 is related to a progressive @entity3928 , especially lean mass. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the association between nutritional status and systemic inflammatory response in @entity1 with @entity1820 . METHODOLOGY: A case series study was carried out involving 30 male and female adults and elderly @entity1 with no prior treatment sent consecutively for surgery. Nutritional status was assessed using subjective and objective methods. Inflammatory response and prognosis were assessed through the determination of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), the Glasgow Prognostic Score and @entity1851 /albumin ratio. RESULTS: High prevalence values were found for systemic @entity32 (73%), a greater risk of infectious and/or inflammatory complication (43%) and worse prognosis (50%). The percentage of @entity353 was correlated with serum @entity1851 (r = 0.38; p < 0.05) and the @entity1851 /albumin ratio (r = 0.44; p < 0.05). Inflammation markers and prognosis were negatively correlated with serum albumin (r = -0.50; p < 0.05), body mass index (r = -0.39; p < 0.05) and total lymphocyte count (r = -0.37; p < 0.05). @entity1 with @entity353 and malnourishment had significantly higher serum @entity1851 and @entity1851 /albumin ratio values as well as lower serum albumin levels in comparison to those without @entity353 and in well-nourished. CONCLUSION: Nutritional status is related to @entity32 markers and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1820 . The diagnosis and attenuation of systemic @entity32 should be part of the nutritional care of these @entity1 .

title: Nutritional status, systemic @entity32 and prognosis of XXXX with @entity1820 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in total body mass']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extensional signals in cross-talk between stromal cells and @entity5 cells generated from extracellular matrix molecules, soluble factor, and cell-cell adhesion complexes cooperate at the extra- and intracellular level in the @entity5 microenvironment. @entity13808 are the primary type of stromal cells in the @entity5 microenvironment and play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and development. Hitherto, there is hardly any systematic analysis of the intrinsic relationship between @entity13808 function and its abnormal signaling pathway. The extreme complexity of @entity13808 ' features and their role in @entity5 development are needed to be further investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We primary cultured @entity13808 and NFs from early stages of @entity0 tissue and identified them using their biomarker by immunohistochemistry for Fibronectin, @entity1970 and @entity1941 . Microarray was applied to analyze gene expression profiles of @entity1 breast @entity13808 and the paired NFs. The Up-regulated genes classified by Gene Ontology, signal pathways enriched by DAVID pathway analysis. Abnormal signaling pathways in @entity0 @entity13808 are involved in cell cycle, cell adhesion, signal transduction and protein transport being reported in @entity13808 derived from other @entity5 . Significantly, the altered ATM signaling pathway, a set of cell cycle regulated signaling, and immune associated signaling are identified to be changed in @entity13808 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: @entity13808 have the vigorous ability of proliferation and potential of invasion and migration comparing with NFs. @entity13808 could promote @entity0 cell invasion under co-culture conditions through up-regulated @entity11602 and @entity1570 . Consistently with its biologic behavior, the gene expression profiling analyzed by microarray shows that some of key signaling pathways, such as cell cycle, cell adhesion, and secreting factors play an important role in @entity13808 . The altered ATM signaling pathway is abnormally active in the early stage of @entity0 . The set of immune associated signaling may be involved in @entity5 cell immune evasion.

title: Biological characteristics and genetic heterogeneity between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and their paired normal fibroblasts in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To develop a clinical prognostic model to identify @entity4401 @entity1 with risk for nonrecovery at 12 months. STUDY DESIGN: Data from a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. METHODS: There were 829 @entity1 with @entity4401 randomized in a factorial fashion to treatment with @entity617 or no @entity617 . Facial function was assessed with the Sunnybrook grading scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses at different time points were used to identify factors predicting nonrecovery, defined as Sunnybrook <70 at 12 months. Variables studied were age, gender, time to inclusion, @entity617 treatment, side of palsy, @entity158 at inclusion, and Sunnybrook scores. Factors of predictable significance were used to construct prognostic models at baseline, days 11 to 17, and at 1 month. Receiver operating characteristics curves were created to test the predictive capacity of the models. RESULTS: At baseline, treatment with @entity617 or no @entity617 (P = .0005), age (P = .04) and the Sunnybrook score (P = .0002) were significant factors for predicting nonrecovery. The receiver operating characteristics area under the curve at baseline for these three variables was 0.74 (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.57). At days 11 to 17 and at 1 month, the Sunnybrook score was the only significant predictive variable. The respective areas under the curves for the Sunnybrook score at these time points were 0.83 (sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.75) and 0.94 (sensitivity 0.91, specificity 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Sunnybrook grading at 1 month most accurately predicts nonrecovery at 12 months in @entity4401 .

title: Prediction of nonrecovery in XXXX using Sunnybrook grading.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's palsy']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: So-Shi-Ho-Tang (SSHT) or known as Sho-Saiko-To in Japanese and Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang in Chinese has been used to treat @entity409 , and its hepatoprotective effects have been widely studied. AIM OF THE STUDY: We tried to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of SSHT on interferon (IFN)-gamma and @entity58 and their @entity630 / @entity61 transcription factors in vivo and in vitro since these two cytokines are important in determining the type of cell-mediated inflammatory and humoral responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SSHT was orally given to BALB/c @entity19 for 7 days and then injected with anti- @entity5168 mAb intravenously. @entity60 , @entity58 , @entity2047 and @entity630 / @entity61 -specific transcription factors as well as splenocyte subsets were measured. Splenocytes and @entity1961 T cells were cultured with anti- @entity5168 or anti- @entity5168 /anti- @entity10867 in the presence of SSHT, its constituent herbs and @entity7651 , and the levels of cytokines and transcription factors were measured by ELISA and western blotting. RESULTS: Oral administration of SSHT to @entity19 in response to i.v. anti- @entity5168 injection enhanced the expression of @entity60 , @entity58 and @entity2047 in the serum and spleen at the secreted protein and mRNA level. This was accompanied by the upregulation of @entity26490 and @entity1961 T cell populations by flow cytometry. The upregulation of @entity60 and @entity58 by SSHT did not occur in anti- @entity5168 /anti- @entity10867 stimulated @entity1961 T cells in vitro. However, SSHT was capable of producing the cytokines in anti- @entity5168 stimulated splenocytes even in the absence of @entity10867 , suggesting a role for some soluble factors produced by @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). In support of this, we found that SSHT increased IL-12 and @entity777 in the same cells. @entity17843 , but not T-bet, was involved in the upregulation of @entity60 by SSHT while the increased @entity58 expression was accompanied by a parallel increase in @entity32529 but independent of @entity9094 and @entity19986 . CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the upregulation of @entity60 and @entity58 by SSHT must occur through some interactions between @entity1358 and @entity1961 T cells. Taken together, the present data provide additional information on some of the immunological mechanisms of SSHT for treatment of @entity409 and @entity281 .

title: Upregulation of @entity60 and @entity58 , Th cell-derived cytokines by So-Shi-Ho-Tang (Sho-Saiko-To) occurs at the level of @entity1358 , but not XXXX T cells.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases', 'chronic liver disease and other infections']

entities_list: @entity7651 :: ('MESH:C038044', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen presenting cells']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: Our aim was to analyze complications and risk factors for cervical vertebral body replacement (VBR) with expandable @entity702 cages (ETC). Fifty @entity1 ; 22 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 , mean age 61years, undergoing cervical VBR from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed. Complications were stratified by @entity10090 ( @entity10090 ). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. Single, two and three level corpectomies were performed in 32, 15 and 3 @entity1 respectively. A circumferential approach was necessary in 16 cases. At mean follow-up (7.3 months) 66% of @entity1 had recovered. Radiological data showed a significant distraction (2.60mm, p<0.0001) and @entity1515 (5  , p=0.001). Twenty-three @entity1 experienced 42 complications; 18 @entity10090 , 24 non- @entity10090 and 24% needed revision surgery. The number of corpectomy levels and surgical approach significantly correlated with the risk of complications (p=0.001), especially non- @entity10090 complications (p=0.002). On multivariate analysis, only the number of corpectomy levels (p<0.02, odds ratio 5.48, 95% CI 1.31-22.91) was a significant predictor of complications. We conclude that ETC are efficacious devices for cervical spine VBR, however, when used for more than 1 level, the corpectomy complication rate significantly increases.

title: Complications associated with cervical vertebral body replacement with expandable XXXX cages.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10090 :: ('MESH:D018886', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'hardware-association']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: Plasma concentration of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ), @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), @entity10933 , D-dimer complex and @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) activity were studied in 30 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), before and during antileukemic therapy. Fifteen @entity1 showed signs of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ), 10 of them classified as M3, 2 as M2 and 3 as M5 subtypes. The initial levels of TAT complex were elevated in all @entity3052 @entity1 . This increase was more pronounced in @entity1 with @entity5642 (p less than 0.05). TAT increased significantly during the treatment period in all cases. @entity2290 and @entity2289 levels were elevated but there were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with and without @entity5642 . @entity10933 levels were below the limit of detection in controls and in @entity1 . However, the initially elevated D-dimer complex levels were significantly higher in @entity5642 cases (p less than 0.01) and they increased during the treatment period. A significant and positive correlation between D-dimer and TAT complex values was found in @entity5642 @entity1 (r = 0.68, p less than 0.001). The high TAT complex and D-dimer levels further increased during chemotherapy treatment strongly suggest a @entity49 state with secondary activation of fibrinolysis not severe enough to manifest itself as clinically evident @entity5642 in the majority of cases.

title: Increase in the D-dimer levels during treatment in XXXX with @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['ANLL', 'acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['u-PA', 'urokinase-plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity4810 is frequently involved in the couples @entity249 and therefore the diagnostic work up of the couple should always involve gynaecologists and andrologists. The main task of the interdisciplinary diagnostic work up is the direction of the couple to potential treatments, bearing in mind that spontaneous pregnancies occur frequently in @entity249 couples. Well established pathways for the male diagnostic work up in @entity249 exist only marginally. A minimal andrological evaluation should be performed at least in all @entity249 @entity1 after one year of unsuccessful unprotected intercourse or earlier if established male or female risk factors are present. Components of the minimal evaluation of the male partner couple should include at least a reproductive history and two semen analyses according to WHO standards. An evaluation by an andrologist should be done as routine procedure. However, a full andrological evaluation is especially important if the initial evaluation demonstrates an abnormal male reproductive history or an abnormal semen analysis. Further evaluation of the male partner should also be considered in couples with unexplained @entity249 and in couples in whom there is a treated female factor and persistent @entity249 . In addition to the requirements of a minimal evaluation, a full evaluation for @entity4810 should include in addition at least a physical and genital examination. Based on the results of the andrological evaluation, the physician may recommend additional evaluations. These additional evaluations may include an endocrine evaluation, ultrasonography of the scrotal content and/or prostate and seminal vesicles, genetic screening and the conductance of a diagnostic/therapeutic testicular biopsy. Finally the diagnostic work up of the male @entity249 @entity1 will lead to a solid dia-gnosis on which the subsequent therapeutic procedures must be based.

title: [The diagnostic of XXXX - an important part of reproductive medicine].

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['Male infertility', 'male infertility']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: The obligate intracellular bacterium Wolbachia @entity281 around 20% of all insect species. It is maternally inherited and induces reproductive alterations of insect populations by male killing, feminization, parthenogenesis, or cytoplasmic incompatibility. Here, we present the 1,445,873-bp genome of W. pipientis strain wRi that induces very strong cytoplasmic incompatibility in its natural host @entity12137 . A comparison with the previously sequenced genome of @entity33018 from @entity238 identified 35 breakpoints associated with mobile elements and repeated sequences that are stable in @entity238 lines transinfected with wRi. Additionally, 450 genes with orthologs in wRi and wMel were sequenced from the W. pipientis strain wUni, responsible for the induction of parthenogenesis in the parasitoid wasp Muscidifurax uniraptor. The comparison of these A-group Wolbachia strains uncovered the most highly recombining intracellular bacterial genomes known to date. This was manifested in a 500-fold variation in sequence divergences at synonymous sites, with different genes and gene segments supporting different strain relationships. The substitution-frequency profile resembled that of @entity3631 , which is characterized by rampant intraspecies recombination, rather than that of Rickettsia, where genes mostly diverge by @entity377 substitutions. The data further revealed diversification of ankyrin repeat genes by short tandem duplications and provided examples of horizontal gene transfer across A- and B-group strains that infect @entity12137 . These results suggest that the transmission dynamics of Wolbachia and the opportunity for @entity325 have created a freely recombining intracellular bacterial community with mosaic genomes.

title: The mosaic genome structure of the Wolbachia wRi strain infecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12137 :: ('7240', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila simulans', 'D. simulans']

entities_list: @entity33018 :: ('163164', 'Species') :: ['W. pipientis strain wMel']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pipientis infects']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['coinfections']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity12137 :: (7240,Species) :: ['Drosophila simulans']


abstract: @entity1 with a stable progression of @entity177 with a @entity1011 clearance of 15-45 mL/min were randomly assigned to two groups of antihypertensive therapy: 1-- @entity10129 as the only antihypertensive agent and 2--antihypertensive drugs without @entity460 channel blockers and a placebo tablet instead of @entity10129 . The @entity1 were already on a low-protein diet and some form of antihypertensive therapy but without @entity460 channel blockers. There were 18 @entity1 in the placebo group and 20 @entity1 in the @entity10129 group. The follow-up period averaged 23.7 +/- 10.6 ( @entity168 ) months in the placebo group and 23 +/- 11.3 months in the @entity10129 group. The slopes of the reciprocal of serum @entity1011 were calculated for the period prior to and following our intervention. The number of @entity1 whose slopes improved following intervention was 6/18 in the placebo group and 15/20 in the @entity10129 group (p less than .02). The @entity1 whose slopes improved had a significant fall in systolic and diastolic BP, as well as in the MAP. Those whose slopes did not improve had a significant decrease in systolic BP, but no change in diastolic BP and no significant difference in the MAP. When all 38 @entity1 are analyzed together, regardless of their grouping, the correlation between the difference percent in the slope, and the difference percent in the MAP, was significant. Furthermore, punch biopsies of the skin showed a markedly different @entity460 content in the two groups, which was significantly less in the @entity10129 -treated @entity1 as compared with the @entity1 not receiving @entity460 blockers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX channel blocker @entity10129 in @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: The effect of DNA mismatched repair on the genetic recombination of a gene adjacent to the @entity3337 ( @entity3337 ) was tested by using four mismatch configurations. An @entity3337 was constructed in a well-characterized plasmid recombination substrate, and recombination with a resident compatible plasmid was measured after transformation of the mismatched plasmid into @entity526 . The mismatched plasmids were constructed such that one of the DNA strands was methylated by the DNA @entity5536 methylase (Dam), while the other strand was unmethylated. The processing of a hemimethylated single-base-pair mismatch had no effect on the recombination of the adjacent gene, suggesting that the most efficient (Dam-instructed) mismatch repair process does not secondarily promote genetic recombination. However, mismatches that could form an ordered secondary structure resembling a cruciform increased the recombination of this adjacent gene at least 20-fold. An identical mismatch that could not form an ordered secondary structure had no effect in this system. The increased frequency of recombination observed was found to require the recB or recC gene product or both. Furthermore, the recombination appeared unidirectional, in that the cruciform-containing plasmid did not produce stable transformants. Our results support a model in which the cruciform-containing plasmid can participate in recombination with the resident plasmid but is unable to produce stable transformant progeny. A proposed role for the RecBCD enzyme (ExoV) in this process is discussed.

title: recB recC-dependent processing of heteroduplex DNA stimulates recombination of an adjacent gene in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['mismatch site', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of refractory @entity4019 ( @entity4019 ) with severe organ involvement remains challenging. @entity3118 , @entity786 , and rituximab (FCR) treatment is highly effective for @entity1 with @entity1072 and @entity1074 . We first report the safety and efficacy of FCR treatment in severe and refractory @entity4019 @entity1333 associated with @entity706 . METHODS: We report the safety and efficacy of @entity3118 (40 mg/m(2) orally on days 2-4), @entity786 (250 mg/m(2) orally on days 2-4), and rituximab (375 mg/m(2) on day 1), every 4 weeks, for 3 to 6 cycles in 7 consecutive @entity1 with severe and refractory @entity4019 . RESULTS: Clinical features of @entity4019 included @entity4125 (n = 7), @entity305 (n = 6), and kidney (n = 4) and cardiac involvement (n = 2). Previous treatment included rituximab (n = 5), @entity288 (n = 5), antiviral therapy (n = 5), @entity786 (n = 3), and plasmapheresis (n = 2). All @entity1 achieved clinical response, with 3 @entity1 (42.9%) achieving a complete remission and 4 @entity1 (57.1%) a partial remission. Cryoglobulin decreased from 0.94 to 0.41 gm/liter (P = 0.015). After a followup of 27 months, 2 @entity1 experienced a relapse of @entity4019 . Five @entity1 (71.4%) experienced side effects, including @entity1503 (n = 5), @entity9757 (n = 2), and serum sickness (n = 1). CONCLUSION: The FCR regimen represents an effective treatment in severe and refractory @entity4019 .

title: Using rituximab plus @entity3118 and @entity786 as a treatment for refractory @entity4019 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4019 :: ('MESH:C565141', 'Disease') :: ['mixed cryoglobulinemia', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['marginal-zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['pneumopathy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine', 'fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many questions remain regarding the use of atypical neuroleptics as antidepressant augmentation agents. To date, there have been no reports in the literature regarding the effectiveness of these drugs when trials of one or more of them have failed previously as antidepressant augmentation. METHOD: This retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of @entity1037 , @entity1090 , @entity1089 , and @entity1280 when given in a fee-for-service setting as anti-depressant augmentation agents to @entity1 with treatment-resistant, nonpsychotic @entity308 (DSM-IV). Prospective (Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF]) along with retrospective (Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement [CGI-I] and -Severity of Illness scales) ratings were completed for each @entity1 . Analyses were conducted in an attempt to identify factors that appeared to correlate with response, including order of administration and Thase-Rush staging of treatment resistance. RESULTS: In this study of 76 medication trials in 49 @entity1 , the overall response rate based on the CGI-I ratings was 65% (32/49). Individual rates of response were 57% (21/37) for @entity1037 , 50% (7/14) for @entity1090 , 33% (6/18) for @entity1089 , and 10% (1/10) for @entity1280 . None of the differences between neuroleptics in rates of response were significant. The difference between baseline and final GAF scores was statistically significant only in the @entity1037 (p <.001) and @entity1090 (p =.047) groups. Rates of discontinuation did not vary significantly between agents, though trends were present. Crossover trials from one atypical neuroleptic to another in the event of nonresponse appeared to be effective. CONCLUSIONS: Although limited by its design, this study suggests atypical neuroleptic augmentation of antidepressants may be a viable option in treatment-resistant @entity308 .

title: The effectiveness of @entity1037 , XXXX , @entity1089 , and @entity1280 as augmentation agents in treatment-resistant @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: Urate transport in @entity1 erythrocytes were measured and compared to previous observations by other authors regarding inorganic anions, especially @entity2865 . Conclusions wwere as follows: 1. Urate influx as a function of increasing concentrations showed saturation kinetics. 2. The effects of pH and of several passive anion transport inhibitors such as @entity18581 , @entity11141 , @entity7717 and @entity11464 suggest that urate and @entity2865 are transported by different mechanisms. 3. Urate influx seems to depend on intracellular glycolysis. The results obtained on red blood cells after glycolysis inhibition agree with those obtained on ghosts where metabolism does not take place. 4. The large drop in urate influxes into erythrocytes in the presence of a glycolysis inhibitor and of a passive ion transport inhibitor seems to argue in favour of a dual urate transport mechanism, one for passive diffusion and the other connected with glycolysis. 5. The drop in the urate influx into ghosts in the absence of @entity855 suggests that the latter might intervene in urate transport by @entity1 red cell membranes.

title: Urate transport in @entity1 red blood cells. Activation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity18581 :: ('MESH:D004139', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrofluorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity11464 :: ('MESH:D010653', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylbutazone']

entities_list: @entity7717 :: ('MESH:D020160', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium benzoate']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regardless of T(H)1/T(H)2 theory, @entity404 (+) T cells of @entity1 with @entity56 , a @entity28236 , and those of healthy subjects expressed equivalent levels of @entity379 , even though T(H)2 cytokines were significantly upregulated in @entity748 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms underlying distorted T(H)2 cell polarization in @entity1 T cells were elucidated. METHODS: Cytokine-producing activity and the expression of T(H)1/T(H)2-specific transcription factors in na  ve, T(H)1/T(H)2, or both @entity404 (+) T cells derived from @entity1 peripheral and cord blood were comparatively analyzed. The mechanisms of the differential expression of T-box 21 transcription factor ( @entity10071 ) in the cells were assessed by determining the chromatin accessibility at the @entity10071 gene. The functional roles of @entity10071 and other transcription factors in @entity1 T(H)1/T(H)2 differentiation were further investigated. RESULTS: T(H)2 cells derived from naive @entity404 (+) T cells in peripheral blood but not in cord blood produced @entity379 . @entity10071 was expressed in peripheral, but not cord blood, resting naive T cells. Consistently, the accessibility at the proximal @entity10071 gene promoter in peripheral naive T cells was higher than that in cord blood naive T cells. @entity379 -producing activity was induced in T(H)2-differentiated cord blood T cells by means of ectopic expression of @entity10071 . In addition, a reduction of @entity10071 in peripheral T cells suppressed @entity379 production. @entity10071 not only upregulated @entity379 but also downregulated @entity3646 and @entity4047 gene transcription, independently of the modification of T(H)1/T(H)2 balance. CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity10071 at a naive stage is crucial for the development of @entity379 -producing T cells in @entity1 peripheral blood, even in T(H)2-related diseases.

title: T-box 21 transcription factor is responsible for distorted T(H)2 differentiation in @entity1 peripheral XXXX + T cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity28236 :: ('MESH:C562875', 'Disease') :: ['typical T(H)2 disease']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']