abstract: BACKGROUND: Excellent results regarding mortality are well recognized in the long-term period after intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. However, it is still unclear how postoperative sequelae affect cardiac performance during exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with tetralogy of Fallot were studied 16 +/- 2 years after intracardiac repair by use of radionuclide first-pass ventriculography with an ultra-high-sensitive gamma camera at rest and at peak exercise on a semi-upright bicycle ergometer. The results were compared with those from 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Left and right ventricular ejection fraction and absolute ventricular volume were measured at rest and peak exercise. Regional right ventricular wall motion and diastolic function of the left ventricle were also assessed. Cardiac output of tetralogy was normally preserved both at rest and during exercise. Nevertheless, the incremental response of left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise was @entity308 in the @entity1 . Left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise was inversely correlated with the right ventricular end-diastolic volume and the severity of @entity338 . Regional wall motion at the right ventricular outflow tract was not decreased in the @entity1 . Left ventricular diastolic function was not impaired in the @entity1 compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Latent left @entity67 during exercise is related to an enlarged right ventricle due to @entity338 after intracardiac repair of tetralogy. Careful follow-up is required in @entity1 having significant @entity338 .

title: Left XXXX on exercise long-term after total repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: D satellite RNA (satRNA) is a strain of @entity2834 ) satRNA that induces an @entity66 in @entity523 . No natural resistance or tolerance has ever been found. Previously, we demonstrated the involvement of programmed cell death in disease development. Here, transgenic @entity523 plants expressing animal antiapoptotic genes bcl-xL and ced-9 were generated through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. High expression of bcl-xL or ced-9 affected plant growth and seed development. Inoculation of seedlings with @entity2834 /D satRNA at T(1) and T(2) generations resulted in delayed cell-death symptoms or absence of symptoms. The degree of symptom suppression was correlated with increasing expression levels of the transgenes. Survival rates were compared among inoculated transgenic lines expressing bcl-xL, ced-9, and bcl-xL ( @entity24949 ), a loss-of-function mutant of bcl-xL. More than 80% of the bcl-xL and ced-9 T(1) transgenic lines showed higher survival rates than the average for bcl-xL ( @entity24949 ) transgenic lines. Total RNA extracted from surviving plants contained D satRNA, indicating systemic accumulation of D satRNA. Thus, expression of bcl-xL and ced-9 improved tolerance to, rather than resistance to, @entity2834 /D satRNA infection. In addition, expression of bcl-xL and ced-9 specifically abrogated the formation of @entity39 , but not other symptoms, in @entity523 leaves during chilling at 4 degrees C. At 7 degrees C, temperature-induced leaf senescence was dramatically delayed in bcl-xL and ced-9 transgenic plants, and high levels of @entity4211 accumulated, possibly limiting oxidative stress. Hence, expression of these animal antiapoptotic genes improved plant survival under abiotic or biotic stress.

title: Expression of antiapoptotic genes bcl-xL and ced-9 in @entity523 enhances tolerance to viral-induced XXXX and abiotic stress.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic lethal disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanins']

entities_list: @entity2834 :: ('12305', 'Species') :: ['CMV', 'cucumber mosaic virus (CMV']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the effect of extraocular muscle surgery on intraocular pressure (IOP) in @entity1 with @entity6875 . DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 with @entity121 secondary to @entity6875 who underwent strabismus surgery from July 1, 1997 through July 31, 2003 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. Seventeen @entity1 met the criteria and were included in this study. All @entity1 were seen at the Thyroid Eye Center at the University of California, San Diego, a university-based tertiary referral center. The main outcome measure was IOP readings obtained before and after surgery in both primary gaze and upgaze. RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease in IOP in upgaze was noted after extraocular muscle recession. The mean IOP before surgery was 16.6 +/- 3.78 mm Hg in primary gaze and 23.2 +/- 7.27 mm Hg in upgaze. After strabismus surgery, the mean IOP after one month was 15.7 +/- 2.36 mm Hg (P = .215) in primary gaze and 18.9 +/- 2.96 mm Hg in upgaze (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Strabismus surgery resulted in a significant reduction in IOP in the early postoperative period in @entity1 with @entity121 secondary to @entity6875 .

title: Effect on intraocular pressure of extraocular muscle surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive myopathy']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the second in a series of three articles documenting the geographical distribution of 41 dominant vector species ( @entity6094 ) of @entity1 @entity311 . The first paper addressed the @entity6094 of the Americas and the third will consider those of the Asian Pacific Region. Here, the @entity6094 of Africa, Europe and the Middle East are discussed. The continent of Africa experiences the bulk of the global @entity311 burden due in part to the presence of the An. gambiae complex. @entity313 is one of four @entity6094 within the An. gambiae complex, the others being An. arabiensis and the coastal An. merus and An. melas. There are a further three, highly anthropophilic @entity6094 in Africa, An. funestus, An. moucheti and An. nili. Conversely, across Europe and the Middle East, @entity311 transmission is low and frequently absent, despite the presence of six @entity6094 . To help control @entity311 in Africa and the Middle East, or to identify the risk of its re-emergence in Europe, the contemporary distribution and bionomics of the relevant @entity6094 are needed. RESULTS: A contemporary database of occurrence data, compiled from the formal literature and other relevant resources, resulted in the collation of information for seven @entity6094 from 44 countries in Africa containing 4234 geo-referenced, independent sites. In Europe and the Middle East, six @entity6094 were identified from 2784 geo-referenced sites across 49 countries. These occurrence data were combined with expert opinion ranges and a suite of environmental and climatic variables of relevance to anopheline ecology to produce predictive distribution maps using the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) method. CONCLUSIONS: The predicted geographic extent for the following @entity6094 (or species/suspected species complex*) is provided for Africa: Anopheles (Cellia) arabiensis, An. (Cel.) funestus*, An. (Cel.) gambiae, An. (Cel.) melas, An. (Cel.) merus, An. (Cel.) moucheti and An. (Cel.) nili*, and in the European and Middle Eastern Region: An. (Anopheles) atroparvus, An. (Ano.) labranchiae, An. (Ano.) messeae, An. (Ano.) sacharovi, An. (Cel.) sergentii and An. (Cel.) superpictus*. These maps are presented alongside a bionomics summary for each species relevant to its control.

title: The dominant Anopheles vectors of @entity1 XXXX in Africa, Europe and the Middle East: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic pr  cis.

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Sixty-four consecutive @entity1 with @entity99 were examined. Five (7.8%) @entity1 were managed nonoperatively and 59 (92.2%) underwent immediate laparotomy. Nonoperative management is appropriate in hemodinamically stable @entity1 . It requires increasing use of computed tomography instead of peritoneal lavage to evaluate stable @entity1 with blunt @entity1661 . @entity1 with complicated associated @entity130 must be excluded. Analysis of @entity1 who underwent immediate abdominal exploration showed that grade I through grade III @entity130 of AAST classification are the most common in blunt @entity99 (84.75%). Associated intra-abdominal @entity130 requiring operation for ongoing @entity548 were observed in 50% of these @entity1 . In the management of grade I through grade III hepatic @entity130 a simple suture was a safe and highly effective treatment. More complex @entity130 actively @entity548 were controlled by finger fracture technique to achieve intrahepatic hemostasis with selective vascular ligation. Hepatic resection was exceptionally required (2%). On the contrary, resection was required in grade IV @entity130 with extensive parenchymal destruction and in grade V lesions for a better vascular control of the ruptured suprahepatic veins.

title: [Hepatic XXXX : diagnostic and therapeutic features].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: From 1974 through 1984, the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals evaluated 143,218 radiographic submissions representing 151 breeds of @entity235 . All breeds from which there were 35 or more evaluations had some frequency of @entity1141 . Seventy breeds, each with over 100 submissions, were tabulated and ranked according to frequency of @entity572 . Frequency of @entity1141 varied from 0.6% in the Borzoi to 46.9% in the Saint Bernard. These data were compared with data obtained earlier (1966 to 1973) on evaluations in 38 breeds for changes in frequency. There was significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in frequency of @entity1141 in 27 breeds, a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in frequency in only 1 breed (German Shorthaired Pointer), and no significant change in frequency in 10 breeds. The median significant decrease was 22.4%, and the range was from 3.1% in the Chesapeake Bay Retriever to 48.7% in the Keeshond. The reduction in frequency of @entity572 demonstrated the value of a control program. There were 5 breeds with a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in frequency of @entity1141 that had over 5,000 evaluations from 1974 to 1984. The decreases in frequency were independent of changes in American Kennel Club registrations for these breeds (a dramatic decline in registrations for the German Shepherd @entity235 and Old English Sheepdog, and a dramatic increase for the Rottweiler, Golden Retriever, and Labrador Retriever). Frequency regressed linearly in the German Shepherd @entity235 and Old English Sheepdog, but regressed nonlinearly in the other 3 breeds. The percentage reduction in frequency from the base frequency (1966 to 1973) for these breeds was 17.5% for the German Shepherd @entity235 , 23.1% for the Old English Sheepdog, 9.1% for the Rottweiler, 10.1% for the Golden Retriever, and 6.8% for the Labrador Retriever.

title: Trends in XXXX control: analysis of radiographs submitted to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, 1974 to 1984.

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent reports have demonstrated that between 8%-40% of @entity1 after curative surgery for @entity459 ( @entity2742 ) have an elevated @entity461 level (ePTH). To determine the clinical significance of ePTH and if it is a potential risk factor for recurrent @entity2742 , we reviewed our experience. METHODS: 611 consecutive @entity1 underwent curative parathyroidectomy for primary @entity2742 by one surgeon. @entity1 with ePTH [defined as postoperative @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels > or = 65 pg/mL at least 1 week after surgery with normal @entity460 levels] were compared with those with normal @entity461 . RESULTS: ePTH occurred in 111/611 (18.2%) @entity1 . When compared with those with normal @entity461 , ePTH @entity1 were older and had higher preoperative @entity461 and alkaline phosphatase levels (P < 0.05). Importantly, recurrent @entity2742 was significantly higher in @entity1 with ePTH (5.4% versus 1.2%, P < 0.05). Further analysis of the ePTH @entity1 revealed that serum @entity460 1-week after surgery was predictive of recurrent @entity2742 . In ePTH @entity1 with postoperative @entity460 > or = 9.7 mg/dL, the recurrence rate was 16% compared with 0% in those whose @entity460 was < 9.7 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Most of @entity1 (95%) with ePTH after curative parathyroidectomy for primary @entity2742 will not develop recurrent @entity2742 . However, recurrent disease is significantly more common among @entity1 with ePTH and was always associated with postoperative @entity460 > or = 9.7 mg/dL. Thus, these data suggest that streamlining postoperative surveillance to this subset of @entity1 may optimize resource utilization.

title: What is the clinical significance of an elevated @entity461 level after curative surgery for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: This study aims to investigate effects of @entity5614 on autohpagy in a DN @entity35 model. Sixty health SD @entity35 were selected and divided into four group, including normal group, control, DN and @entity5614 therapy group. DN model (DN group) was established by injecting the @entity3839 (50 mg/kg) into @entity35 . @entity5614 therapy group was injected with viral plasmid carrying @entity5614 mRNA to DN @entity35 . The urinary protein concentrations were determined by placing the animals in individual metabolic cages for a timed urine collection every 8 weeks. Blood and soleus muscle samples were collected after animals were sacrificed. Blood @entity413 was examined by using commercial detection kits. Western blot assay was employed to examine expression of Beclin 1 and @entity5615 ( @entity5615 I and @entity5615 II) protein. Results indicated that urinary protein levels were remarkably higher in DN group compared to Normal and Control group (P<0.05). Blood @entity413 values were also increased in DN group compared to Normal and Control group (P<0.05). Body weights decreased significantly in DN @entity35 compared to Normal group and Control group (P<0.05). Expression of Beclin 1 protein and @entity5615 proteins was significantly decreased in DN group compared to Normal and Control group (P<0.05). However, @entity5614 transfection could enhance level of Beclin 1 and @entity5615 protein significantly compared to DN group. In conclusion, the Tiwil 2 mRNA transfection could obviously enhance the autophagy biomarker, including Beclin 1 and @entity5615 protein, which indicates that the Tiwil 2 treatment has improved the autophagy in @entity2316 @entity35 .

title: XXXX gene transfection changes the autophagy status in a @entity35 model of @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5614 :: (306011(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Piwil 2']


abstract: @entity1737 is a @entity74 with autoantibodies against @entity934 receptors at the neuromuscular junction. A proportion of @entity1 instead has antibodies against muscle-specific kinase, a protein essential for @entity934 receptor clustering. These are generally of the immunoglobulin-G4 subclass and correlate with disease severity, suggesting specific myasthenogenic activity. However, immunoglobulin-G4 subclass antibodies are generally considered to be 'benign' and direct proof for their pathogenicity in muscle-specific @entity1737 (or other immunoglobulin-G4-associated disorders) is lacking. Furthermore, the exact electrophysiological synaptic defects caused at neuromuscular junctions by human anti-muscle-specific kinase autoantibodies are hitherto unknown. We show that purified immunoglobulin-G4, but not immunoglobulin-G1-3, from @entity1 with muscle-specific @entity1737 binds to @entity19 neuromuscular junctions in vitro, and that injection into immunodeficient @entity19 causes @entity912 . Injected immunoglobulin-G4 caused reduced density and fragmented area of neuromuscular junction @entity934 receptors. Detailed electrophysiological synaptic analyses revealed severe reduction of postsynaptic @entity934 sensitivity, and exaggerated @entity308 of presynaptic @entity934 release during high-rate activity, together causing the (fatigable) @entity425 . Intriguingly, compensatory transmitter release upregulation, which is the normal homeostatic response in @entity934 receptor @entity1737 , was absent. This conveys extra vulnerability to neurotransmission at muscle-specific kinase @entity1737 . Thus, we demonstrate that patient anti-muscle-specific kinase immunoglobulin-G4 is myasthenogenic, independent of additional immune system components, and have elucidated the underlying electrophysiological neuromuscular junction abnormalities.

title: Muscle-specific XXXX IgG4 autoantibodies cause severe neuromuscular junction dysfunction in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['kinase myasthenia gravis', 'myasthenia gravis neuromuscular junctions', 'myasthenia gravis', 'Myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic disorder']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['kinase myasthenia gravis']


abstract: The clinical, pathological, and at least one year follow-up of 48 @entity1 with intractable frontal lobe partial @entity302 who underwent surgical treatment for their @entity410 disorder were reviewed. The group consisted of 27 males and 21 females. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal (26 @entity1 ), demonstrated @entity75 (16 @entity1 ) or multilobar signal abnormalities (6 @entity1 ). Postoperatively @entity1 were divided into one of four groups based upon the degree of @entity410 activity (Class I: @entity410 free, Class IV: little to no improvement, Classes II/III: intermediate). Eight @entity1 with @entity5 (low grade @entity11 ) were Class I (N = 6) or Class II (N = 2) postoperatively. The remaining six @entity1 with focal, completely resected pathological lesions (e.g. tubers, contusions, etc.) also had Class I or Class II outcomes. Of the 31 @entity1 with the pathological diagnosis of @entity5219 , the outcome was dependent on the MRI appearance. Preoperative MRI scans of these @entity1 were normal (N = 23), or had @entity75 (N = 2) or multilobar (N = 6) abnormalities. The @entity5219 @entity1 with @entity75 had a good outcome (Class I or II) while those with multilobar MRI abnormalities were all Class IV. Successful outcome correlated strongly with both @entity75 and pathological abnormalities in contrast to the less favorable results seen in @entity1 with normal head MRI scans and @entity5219 or no pathological abnormality on pathological examination. Multilobar MRI abnormalities invariably had the poorest outcome of all @entity1 groups. Thus presurgical MRI is an important tool and predictor of surgical outcome in @entity1 with @entity4940 .

title: XXXX : pathological and MRI features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['focal frontal lobe MRI', 'unilateral frontal MRI lesions', 'focal frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity4940 :: (MESH:D017034,Disease) :: ['Intractable frontal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify markers of overcrowding in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) according to expert opinion and then to use statistical methods to further explore the underlying construct of overcrowding. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of all PED directors (n = 12) and pediatric emergency medicine fellowship program directors (n = 10) across Canada was conducted to elicit expert opinion on relevant markers of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) crowding. The list of markers was reduced to those specific to the @entity341 for which data could be extracted from one tertiary care PED from an existing computerized @entity1 tracking system. Data representing 2,190 consecutive shifts and 138,361 @entity1 visits were collected between April 2005 and March 2007. Common factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) was used to determine the underlying factors that best represented overcrowding as determined by markers identified by experts in pediatric emergency medicine RESULTS: The main markers of overcrowding identified by the survey included measures of @entity1 volume (25%), @entity341 operational processes (55%), and delays in transferring @entity1 to inpatient beds (13%). Data collected on 41 markers were retained for the @entity3795 . The results of the @entity3795 indicated that the largest portion of variation in the data (48%) was accounted for by markers describing @entity1 volumes and flow through the @entity341 . Measures of admission delays accounted for a smaller proportion of variability (9%). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that for this tertiary PED, markers of @entity341 operational processes and @entity1 volume may be more relevant for determination of overcrowding than markers reflecting delays in transferring @entity1 to inpatient beds. This study provides a foundation for further research on markers of overcrowding specific to the pediatric setting.

title: Markers of overcrowding in a pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Early placental development occurs in an environment of relative @entity519 . @entity519 promotes @entity7499 and up-regulates @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression while it down-regulates placenta growth factor ( @entity7500 ) that possess 53% homology with @entity7 . Morphological studies show poor placental vascular development and an increase in the mitotic index of cytotrophoblasts in @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). We hypothesized that the reported relatively high @entity26 level in the intervillous space in contact with @entity1592 placental villi will limit @entity7499 by changes in @entity7 and @entity7500 expression and function. Western immunoblot analysis demonstrates a diametric expression of @entity7500 and @entity7 proteins throughout pregnancy with @entity7500 levels increasing and @entity7 levels decreasing, consistent with placental oxygenation. In @entity1592 placentae, the ratio of @entity7500 / @entity7501 mRNA was increased by 2.3-fold (p < 0.03) and @entity7500 protein levels were also increased, (p < 0.05) as compared with gestationally-matched normal placentae. @entity7500 mRNA and protein were localized to the trophoblast bilayer and villous mesenchyme of the @entity1 placenta throughout gestation. In vitro studies demonstrated that increasing @entity26 tension ( @entity871 ) up-regulated @entity7500 protein in term placental villous explants, whereas @entity519 culture of a term trophoblast @entity1466 cell line (BeWo) down-regulated @entity7500 mRNA and protein and @entity6758 ( @entity6758 ) autophosphorylation. The addition of @entity7500 -1 to a spontaneously transformed first trimester cytotrophoblast cell line stimulated DNA synthesis while @entity7500 -2 had little effect. @entity7 and @entity7500 exert their biological actions by means of a common receptor @entity6758 . In the first trimester trophoblast cells, @entity7500 -1 increased the association of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) with @entity6758 immunoprecipitates while both @entity7500 -1 and @entity7500 -2 also potentiated endogenous @entity7 mediated association of phosphorylated extracellular related kinase (ERK) with @entity319 ( @entity319 ). More importantly, the addition of @entity7500 -1 had little effect while @entity7500 -2 inhibited cell growth in cultured endothelial cells derived from @entity1 umbilical vein. @entity842 (NO) is reported to promote @entity7499 and @entity7500 -2 inhibited the basal release of NO from the first trimester trophoblast. The tissue expression and functional studies support the hypothesis of "placental @entity871 " in early-onset @entity1592 because @entity519 down-regulates trophoblast @entity7500 levels, @entity7500 expression is increased in @entity1592 , and @entity7500 -2 inhibits endothelial cell growth. Taken together, these changes provide a cellular explanation for the observed poor @entity7499 in the pathogenesis of @entity1592 and show that the two @entity7500 isoforms may modulate trophoblast and endothelial cell function differently, possibly through potentiation of @entity7 mediated activation of @entity7 -2.

title: @entity519 down-regulates placenta growth factor, whereas fetal growth restriction up-regulates placenta growth factor expression: molecular evidence for "placental XXXX " in @entity1592 .

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity871 :: (MESH:D018496,Disease) :: ['hyperoxia']


abstract: A number of serum autoantibodies are associated with @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ), including those reactive against the @entity460 binding protein calsequestrin ( @entity23585 ). There are two isoforms of @entity23585 namely; @entity23585 , found in skeletal, including extra ocular, muscle, and @entity25045 , found in cardiac muscle. We determined (i) the reactivity profiles of @entity23585 and @entity25045 antibodies and (ii) the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and IgG subclasses of @entity23585 antibodies, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the 20 @entity1 with @entity2194 tested, 35% were positive for @entity23585 antibodies, 25% for @entity25045 antibodies and two @entity1 (10%) were positive for both antibodies. Of the 12 @entity1 with @entity2621 and @entity6875 tested, 25% were positive for @entity23585 antibodies, 42% for @entity25045 antibodies and two @entity1 (17%) were positive for both antibodies. @entity23585 antibodies were mainly of the IgG class and IgG1 and @entity3172 subclasses. These results suggest that @entity23585 and @entity25045 do not share major epitopes. Because antibodies of the IgG1 and @entity3172 subclasses are cytotoxic, @entity23585 antibodies may contribute to the eye @entity121 in @entity1 with @entity2194 . Because @entity23585 antibodies were positive in only a third of @entity1 with active @entity2194 we are unable to draw conclusions about their role in its pathogenesis. On the other hand, a possible role of @entity25045 antibodies in the aetiology of the @entity299 of @entity2743 is a new avenue for research and appears worthy of further investigation.

title: Epitopes, immunoglobulin classes and immunoglobulin G subclasses of calsequestrin antibodies in XXXX with @entity2194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid eye disease', 'TED']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the uncertainty surrounding the optimal management for early @entity150 , physicians vary in how they approach the disease. The authors of this report linked @entity5 registry data with medical claims to identify the sources of variation and opportunities for improving the value of @entity5 care. METHODS: By using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database (1992-2005), @entity1 with early @entity150 were abstracted (n=18,276). The primary outcome was the intensity of initial treatment that @entity1 received, as measured by all Medicare payments for @entity150 incurred in the 2 years after diagnosis. Multilevel models were fitted to partition the variation in treatment intensity attributable to @entity1 versus provider factors, and the potential savings to Medicare from reducing the physician contribution were estimated. RESULTS: Provider factors accounted for 9.2% of the variation in treatment intensity. Increasing provider treatment intensity did not correlate with improved @entity5 -specific survival (P=.07), but it was associated with the subsequent receipt of major interventions, including radical cystectomy (P<.001). If provider-level variation was reduced and clinical practice was aligned with that of physicians who performed in the 25th percentile of treatment intensity, then total payments made for the average @entity1 could be lowered by 18.6%, saving Medicare  18.7 million annually. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that a substantial amount of the variation in initial treatment intensity for early @entity150 is driven by the physician. Furthermore, a more intensive practice style was not associated with improved @entity5 -specific survival or the avoidance of major interventions. Therefore, interventions aimed at reducing between-provider differences may improve the value of @entity5 care.

title: Understanding the variation in treatment intensity among @entity1 with early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['stage bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['stage bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Onychomycoses are among the most frequent @entity5806 . The principal agents are dermatophytes. @entity2059 and @entity8974 are two effective and systemic antimycotics. Previous trials have shown, that treatment schedules with effective concentrations for 3 months cause drug deposits in nail plates that persist 6 months after the end of the treatment. METHODS: A comparative, open, prospective study was carried out with random assignment of @entity1 . The first group included 27 @entity1 under treatment with 200 mg of @entity2059 once daily for 3 months. The second group included 26 @entity1 treated with 250 mg of @entity8974 for 3 months. Both series of @entity1 were followed for 6 additional months. RESULTS: Both groups were similar in age, sex, and history of @entity6313 . @entity12734 was the main isolated agent in all @entity1 . The percentage of diseased nails was similar in both groups affecting predominantly the first toenail. Treatment was highly effective and differences between groups were not significant. The rate of adverse events was 21% in the @entity2059 group and 47% in the @entity8974 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2059 and @entity8974 are two drugs of choice in @entity6313 .

title: Open randomized comparison of @entity2059 versus XXXX in @entity6313 .

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail diseases']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytic onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

answer: @entity8974 :: (MESH:C041359,Chemical) :: ['terbinafine']


abstract: @entity851 is one of the major problem in @entity1 with chronic and @entity177 . The @entity2124 -insulin-like growth factor axis is altered in uraemia, resulting in peripheral resistance. This insensitivity seems to be overcome in an experimental study by supraphysiological doses of recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH). Several clinical studies have confirmed that rhGH increases growth velocity in @entity1 with @entity177 with and without dialysis and after renal transplant, without significant side-effects. The improvement of growth is more marked in prepubertal @entity1 and during the first year of rhGH treatment. Also in our experience prepubertal @entity1 showed an increase of height standard deviation score and growth velocity during rhGH treatment; the pubertal @entity1 failed to improve their statural growth. GH, as the prototype of an anabolic hormone, has also great potential in improving catabolic conditions of various origin, particularly those due to @entity177 . RhGH can improve @entity1568 balance and the nutritional parameters with an increase of muscle mass and a decrease of fat mass. Prospectively, rhGH could be utilized to improve the @entity558 of @entity810 . The following analysis will discuss the recent studies employing rhGH in @entity8 and will attempt to give some guide lines to rhGH treatment in these illnesses.

title: [Indications for recombinant XXXX (rhGH) treatment in @entity8 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['hypercatabolic condition']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'terminal renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One of the UN sustainable development goals is to achieve universal access to safe and affordable drinking water by 2030. It is locations like Kathmandu, Nepal, a densely populated city in South Asia with @entity1682 , where this goal is most pertinent. Aiming to understand the public health implications of water quality in Kathmandu we subjected weekly water samples from 10 sources for one year to a range of chemical and bacteriological analyses. We additionally aimed to detect the etiological agents of @entity1682 and longitudinally assess microbial diversity by 16S rRNA gene surveying. We found that the majority of water sources exhibited chemical and bacterial contamination exceeding WHO guidelines. Further analysis of the chemical and bacterial data indicated site-specific pollution, symptomatic of highly localized fecal contamination. Rainfall was found to be a key driver of this fecal contamination, correlating with @entity3362 and evidence of @entity1680 and @entity10583 , for which DNA was detectable in 333 (77%) and 303 (70%) of 432 water samples, respectively. 16S rRNA gene surveying outlined a spectrum of fecal bacteria in the contaminated water, forming complex communities again displaying location-specific temporal signatures. Our data signify that the municipal water in Kathmandu is a predominant vehicle for the transmission of @entity1680 and @entity10583 . This study represents the first extensive spatiotemporal investigation of water pollution in an @entity1682 setting and implicates highly localized @entity1 waste as the major contributor to poor water quality in the Kathmandu Valley.

title: The Ecological Dynamics of Fecal Contamination and @entity1680 and XXXX in Municipal Kathmandu Drinking Water.

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['typhoid fever', 'endemic typhoid fever']

answer: @entity10583 :: (54388,Species) :: ['Salmonella Paratyphi A']


abstract: Autocrine stimulation of growth is a hallmark of many @entity5 cell lines. In this work we investigated the synthesis and secretion of growth factors and the expression of their corresponding receptors in HTC-TSHr @entity259 cells. These cells synthesize epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and platelet-derived growth factor beta ( @entity6006 ) receptors and in addition @entity310 ( @entity7790 ), @entity6005 and @entity6006 chains, respectively. Addition of EGF or PDGF-BB to the culture medium resulted in growth inhibition of HTC-TSHr cells. In contrast, treatment of the cells with low concentrations of neutralizing anti- @entity7790 antibodies or @entity669 kinase inhibitors led to stimulation of cell proliferation. Low concentrations of neutralizing anti- @entity6006 antibodies did not affect growth of the cells. As expected, cell proliferation was inhibited when high concentrations of either neutralizing anti- @entity7790 antibodies or anti- @entity6006 antibodies were applied. PDGF-AA did not influence growth of HTC-TSHr cells. We conclude that growth of HTC-TSHr @entity259 cells is influenced by two autocrine loops between @entity7790 and EGF receptors and between @entity6006 and @entity6006 receptors. However, our data suggest that excessive activation of @entity669 kinase receptors in these cells results in a relative inhibition rather than stimulation of growth.

title: Excessive activation of XXXX kinases leads to inhibition of proliferation in a @entity259 cell line.

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Increasing the @entity7461 (LNA; 18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15) content of @entity6155 fat might help promote consumers' health. The objective of this study was to determine the potential to alter the content of LNA in @entity6155 by duodenal infusion of a free @entity844 mixture rich in LNA. Four multiparous lactating Chinese Holstein @entity291 fitted with duodenal cannulas were administered 2 treatments in a crossover design: an LNA-rich @entity844 infusion at varying concentrations (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 g/d) versus a basal infusate control. Dry matter intake was not affected by LNA infusions. @entity6155 production tended to decrease and was quadratically affected as LNA infusion increased, but 4% fat-corrected @entity6155 yield was not changed. @entity6155 fat content tended to increase linearly with LNA infusion. @entity6155 protein content was not changed by LNA infusion, whereas @entity6155 lactose content and yield were decreased quadratically as LNA infusion increased. Increasing the amount of LNA infused into the duodenum linearly increased concentrations of 18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 (0.61 to 25.4 g/100g of total @entity1718 ) and 18:2 cis-9,cis-12 in @entity6155 fat. Increasing LNA decreased the percentages of 4:0, 14:0, and 16:0 @entity1718 linearly. Increasing LNA also linearly decreased the percentages of 18:1 cis-9 and 18:2 cis-9,trans-11 in @entity6155 fat. @entity6155 fat content of 20:5 cis-5,cis-8,cis-11,cis-14,cis-17 was quadratically affected, whereas concentrations of 18:0, 18:1 trans-9, 18:1 trans-11, and 18:2 trans-10,cis-12 were not affected. Increasing the supply of 18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 to the small intestine linearly increased 18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 in @entity6155 fat and markedly altered @entity6155 fat composition.

title: Short communication: responses to increasing amounts of free @entity7461 infused into the duodenum of lactating dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Macrophages (M phi)3 function by a two-step process that includes priming (induction of cytokine and enzyme mRNA) and activation (production of effector molecules). The initial steps in M phi priming involve the expression of certain proto-oncogenes that regulate expression of other genes. Because @entity5 growth primes M phi to produce several suppressor monokines, we determined if @entity5 induced M phi expression of these proto-oncogenes. Unstimulated peritoneal M phi from @entity5 -bearing hosts (TBH) constitutively expressed the proto-oncogenes @entity6823 , @entity1639 , @entity517 , and @entity13327 , whereas @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) M phi had little or no expression of these proto-oncogenes. When M phi were given a 24-h adherence priming stimulus, @entity2132 M phi expressed @entity6823 and @entity1639 at levels equivalent to TBH M phi constitutive expression. Adherence had little or no effect on @entity6823 and @entity1639 expression in TBH M phi or on @entity2132 and TBH M phi @entity517 expression. @entity13327 expression was not induced in @entity2132 M phi during adherence and was strongly decreased in TBH M phi. Activation with a 1-h lipopolysaccharide-treatment increased @entity2132 and TBH M phi expression of @entity6823 , @entity1639 , and @entity517 , with higher expression of these proto-oncogenes in TBH M phi. Activation failed to induce @entity13327 expression in @entity2132 M phi and completely inhibited expression in TBH M phi. Because @entity6823 , @entity1639 , and @entity517 are normally expressed early during M phi activation, our results suggest that @entity5 growth primes M phi by inducing expression of these proto-oncogenes. @entity13327 is expressed in immature M phi and is downregulated during M phi activation. These observations explain why @entity2132 M phi expression of @entity13327 was not induced and are consistent with reports that suggest TBH M phi have not reached full developmental maturity. The induction of M phi proto-oncogene expression during @entity5 may put M phi in a primed state, which leads to earlier and stronger production of adverse suppressor and cytotoxic molecules.

title: Macrophage priming and activation during fibrosarcoma growth: expression of @entity13327 , XXXX , @entity1639 , and @entity6823 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['NH', 'normal host']

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-myc']


abstract: AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the application of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (EO) as alternative antimicrobial agent against @entity281 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Microdilution methods were applied for detection of minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal @entity6252 (MFC) concentration on 15 clinical strains originated from @entity1 with symptoms of @entity281 . Optical density determination (OD) was used for detecton of Candida growth rate. Staining with DAPI was used to detect influence of EO on nuclear condensation and fragmentation, while brine shrimp bioassay was used to determine @entity137 of EO. Chemical composition analysis was done using GS-MS. According to MIC and MBC (MFC) values, the most susceptible strains to EO were: @entity526 (1) , @entity526 (2) , @entity16330 (3) and @entity5132 (1-3) . Inhibition of @entity5132 filamentation was detected at 0.45  l ml(-1) . CONCLUSIONS: Obtained inhibition (%) from Candida growth curves point to a shorter period of time (24h) for determining IC50 as MIC and IC99 as MFC value. These values could be recommended as valid parameters for faster detection of EO effectiveness to Candida isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: Examination of O. vulgare EO potential as main antimicrobial constituent within vaginaletes in gynaecological practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Origanum vulgare essential oil affects pathogens causing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal infections', 'vaginal infection']

entities_list: @entity6252 :: ('MESH:D010585', 'Disease') :: ['bactericidal/fungicidal MBC']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['vaginal infections']


abstract: Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) has been used to grow brushes of @entity15730 (PMPC) from @entity6619 wafers using a polyelectrolytic macroinitiator on planar @entity6619 wafers. Film thicknesses of up to 450 nm were possible within 21 h, and the effect of adding activator and deactivator species on the brush growth rate was studied. The solvation of PMPC brushes in mixed @entity167 /water solvents was investigated using in situ ellipsometry. Co-nonsolvency (a re-entrant swelling transition) behavior was observed in water/ @entity1068 binary mixtures; that is, the PMPC brushes were highly swollen in either pure @entity1068 or water but became deswollen at specific @entity1068 -rich solvent compositions. A similar effect was obtained with water/ @entity5723 mixtures, except that in this case pure @entity5723 was not a particularly good solvent for the PMPC chains. However, co-nonsolvency was not observed for water/ @entity1042 binary mixtures, since the brushes remained well swollen at all solvent compositions. This is consistent with prior reports of co-nonsolvency effects in both PMPC gels and linear PMPC chains. However, this is the first report of this phenomenon for @entity15731 brushes and one of the first examples of co-nonsolvency observed for any polymer brush system. A direct comparison of brush and gel swelling reveals an approximate power-law relationship between the equilibrium volumes of these two systems at various solvent compositions, which is interpreted by treating the brush layer as a surface-attached gel. We believe this to be the first quantitative comparison of brush and gel swelling using the same polymer under the same conditions. The kinetics of the PMPC brush response to adjustment of the @entity167 /water composition is relatively fast, with the brush volume change occurring on time scales of less than 1 min as judged by in situ ellipsometry.

title: Co-nonsolvency effects for surface-initiated XXXX brushes in @entity167 /water mixtures.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity15730 :: ('MESH:C115766', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine)']

answer: @entity15730 :: (MESH:C115766,Chemical) :: ['poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This prospective study was conducted to examine the factors that affect swallowing during thyroid @entity400 ( @entity400 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 who were to undergo @entity400 were approached for inclusion in the study. The depth and size of the nodule were measured in all @entity1 . In a random fashion, @entity1 were told not to swallow during the procedure, or they were not given any instructions regarding swallowing. RESULTS: Regarding the 143 @entity1 in the study, no significant differences in age (P = .07), diameter and depth of the thyroid nodules (P = .14; P = .46, respectively), or cytologic diagnosis of thyroid aspirates (P > .20) were found between the swallowing (n = 50) and nonswallowing (n = 93) @entity1 groups. Swallowing was observed in 29 @entity1 who were instructed not to swallow (36%) and in 21 @entity1 who were not given any instructions regarding swallowing (34%; P = .95). The mean duration of the procedure for swallowing @entity1 was 19.8 seconds, and it was 15.7 seconds for nonswallowing @entity1 . The duration of the procedure was significantly shorter in @entity1 who did not swallow (P = .001). More male @entity1 swallowed than female @entity1 (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Giving specific instructions about not swallowing did not make a difference regarding swallowing by @entity1 during the @entity400 procedure. More male @entity1 swallowed than female @entity1 . A longer duration of the @entity400 procedure meant that the operator was more likely to encounter swallowing (and thus displacement of the thyroid) while doing the procedure. Completing the procedure quickly is the surest method to avoid a moving thyroid while performing @entity400 .

title: Factors affecting swallowing during thyroid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: A variety of fluorinated @entity7391 -based regimens for the treatment of disseminated @entity14 have been presented in the medical literature. The Southwest Oncology Group designed a screening trial of seven regimens of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) to assess efficacy and @entity137 afforded by biochemical modulation or schedule variations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Six hundred twenty @entity1 were entered into this trial between August 1989 and January 1993. Eligible @entity1 were classified as having recurrent or disseminated disease that was measurable or nonmeasurable. All eligible @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 and survival; @entity1 with measurable disease were evaluated for response according to standard criteria. RESULTS: No regimen achieved a higher response rate than single-agent bolus @entity1487 . Eighty-four percent of @entity1 have been monitored until death. The median survival time for the entire cohort is 14 months. Survival hazards ratios showed a positive trend in favor of the unmodulated infusion regimens, while high-grade @entity137 occurred more frequently in the @entity1487 bolus arms. The major high-grade @entity137 were @entity3028 and @entity294 . CONCLUSION: In this trial, no regimen provided substantial improvement relative to @entity1487 bolus or single-agent therapy for either response or survival in the treatment of disseminated @entity14 . The single-agent infusion regimens demonstrated the most encouraging results with a favorable @entity137 profile and a 2-month longer survival duration than @entity1487 bolus therapy.

title: Phase II study of @entity1487 and its modulation in advanced XXXX : a Southwest Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Preclinical studies have demonstrated that recombinant @entity3027 (rIFN-alpha) can enhance the @entity5 associated glycoprotein 72 ( @entity2797 ) on @entity5 . To determine whether rIFN-alpha could enhance @entity2797 expression in vivo in @entity1 , 15 @entity1 with @entity0 were randomized to receive daily injections of rIFN-alpha (3 x 10(6) units/m2 for 14 days) beginning on day 1 (group 1 = 7 @entity1 ) or on day 6 (group 2 = 8 @entity1 ). On day 3, all @entity1 received a 10-20-mCi tracer dose of 131I-CC49, a high-affinity murine monoclonal antibody reactive against @entity2797 , followed by a therapy dose of 60-75 mCi/m2 of 131I-CC49 on day 6. Whole body and single-photon emission computed tomography scans along with whole blood pharmacokinetics were performed following tracer and treatment phases. Hematological @entity137 was considerable; reversible grade 3-4 @entity1398 and @entity882 was observed in 12 of 15 @entity1 . Twelve of 14 @entity1 tested developed human antimouse antibodies 3-6 weeks after treatment. For group 1 @entity1 , whole blood residence time increased significantly between that predicted from the tracer doses and therapy doses (42.6 +/- 4.7 versus 51.5 +/- 4.8 h, respectively; P < 0.01). The calculated radiation absorbed dose to red marrow from therapy compared to tracer activity was also significantly higher for this group (1.25 +/- 0.35 versus 1. 07 +/- 0.26 cGy/mCi; P < 0.05). Treatment with rIFN-alpha was found to enhance @entity2797 expression in @entity5 from @entity1 receiving rIFN-alpha (group 1) by 46 +/- 19% (P < 0.05) compared to only 1.3 +/- 0.95% in @entity1 not initially receiving IFN (group 2). The uptake of CC49 in @entity5 was also significantly increased in rIFN-alpha-treated @entity1 . One partial and two minor @entity5 responses were seen. In summary, rIFN-alpha treatment altered the pharmacokinetics and @entity5 uptake of 131I-CC49 in @entity1 at the expense of increased @entity137 .

title: Effect of recombinant alpha-interferon on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, @entity137 , and efficacy of 131I-labeled monoclonal antibody CC49 in XXXX : a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity75 in @entity1 with @entity15 may lead to abnormal excitability of brainstem reflex circuits because of impairment of descending control pathways. We hypothesized that such abnormality should show in the analysis of blink reflex responses in the form of asymmetries in response size. The study was done in 20 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 and 12 matched healthy subjects. We identified first @entity1 with @entity854 (AbLat). Then, we analyzed response size by calculating the R2c/R2 ratio to stimulation of either side and the mean area of the R2 responses obtained in the same side. @entity1 with significantly larger response size with respect to healthy subjects in at least one side were considered to have abnormal response excitability (AbEx). We also examined the blink reflex excitability recovery (BRER) and prepulse inhibition (BRIP) of either side in search for additional indices of asymmetry in response excitability. Neurophysiological data were correlated with MRI-determined @entity75 -load and volume. Eight @entity1 were identified as AbLat (median Expanded Disability Status Scale-EDSS=2.75) and 7 of them had ponto-medullary lesions. Nine @entity1 were identified as AbEx (EDSS=1.5) and only 2 of them, who also were AbLat, had ponto-medullary lesions. In AbEx @entity1 , the abnormalities in response size were confined to one side, with a similar tendency in most variables (significantly asymmetric R1 amplitude, BRER index and BRIP percentage). AbEx @entity1 had asymmetric distribution of hemispheral lesions, in contrast with the symmetric pattern observed in AbLat. The brainstem lesion load was significantly lower in AbEx than in AbLat @entity1 (p=0.04). @entity854 in blink reflex response excitability in @entity1 with @entity15 are associated with @entity717 and lower tissue loss than abnormalities in response latency. Testing response excitability could provide a reliable neurophysiological index of dysfunction in early stages of @entity15 .

title: Abnormal control of orbicularis oculi reflex excitability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain lesions', 'brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['latency abnormalities', 'Asymmetric abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['lesser disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: 1. The objective of this study was to develop a physiologically based method to evaluate the @entity2359 potential of drug candidates in vitro. @entity35 embryo midbrain cells were grown in micromass culture, and the movement of mitochondria labelled with the fluorescent dye @entity3514 was quantified in @entity2901 , using a laser cytometer. 2. The @entity3514 signal in a defined region of fascicle was quantified and photobleached with the laser. A series of post-photobleach scans revealed the movement of fluorescent-labelled mitochondria into the bleached region from adjacent unbleached regions. Recovery of fluorescence is a measure of the size of the mobile pool of mitochondria relative to the total (moving plus stationary) pool. 3. The steady-state levels of fluorescence recovery was dependent on intracellular @entity460 and @entity1760 concentrations, energy status ( @entity855 ), and microtubule integrity (post taxol or @entity5713 treatment). 4. This technique may be a useful indicator of @entity2359 effect.

title: Analysis of the steady-state dynamics of organelle motion in cultured neurites: putative indicator of XXXX effect.

entities_list: @entity3514 :: ('CHEBI:8828', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine 123']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculated neurites']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxic']


abstract: @entity2778 is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with class III antiarrhythmic properties. Our study was intended to assess the efficacy of @entity2778 on exercise-inducible @entity943 by oral administration to out @entity1 . Thirty @entity1 with exercise-inducible @entity943 (80% @entity453 , 20% @entity384 ) were studied after two baseline bicycle ergometric stress tests performed in upright position. Twenty-five @entity1 (including nine crossover cases of the lower dose protocol) were given @entity2778 in a daily dose of 320 mg (group 1) and 14 @entity1 in a dose of 160 mg (group 2). After 2 and 8 weeks, respectively, group 1 showed a mean reduction of the total number of inducible ventricular premature beats (VPBs) of 50% (P = 0.0042) and 61% (P = 0.0107), respectively and a significantly improved Lown score (P = 0.0002 and 0.0006, respectively). A significant antiarrhythmic response was not demonstrable for group-2 @entity1 . Because of inefficacy, nine @entity1 were changed from group 2 to group 1. Reduction of @entity943 on the higher dose was significant (P = 0.0147) in this group. There was the same significant reduction of the heart rate pressure product with the low and high dosage indicating that the beta-blocker effect is achieved with the lower dosage. We conclude that @entity2778 is a powerful drug for reducing the number and complexity of @entity943 in a dose of 320 mg daily. As the beta-blocking effect in both groups was the same, we assume that the reduction of @entity943 is mainly due to class III action.

title: The effect of XXXX on exercise-induced @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2778 :: (MESH:D013015,Chemical) :: ['sotalol']


abstract: This study investigates the expression of T cell receptor V delta 1 chain, @entity1199 receptor alpha-chain ( @entity2902 ) and adhesion molecules @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity1453 ( @entity1453 /18) and @entity1759 on gamma delta+ T cells by three-color flow cytometry on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cells in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ), @entity16 ( @entity16 ) and @entity16 ( @entity16 ). Of gamma delta + T cells in CSF and blood, 20-40% belonged to the 'epithelial' V delta 1 subtype. @entity15 @entity1 had the lowest levels in both CSF and blood, but the differences between the @entity1 groups were not significant. The activation markers @entity2902 and @entity2071 were expressed by only a small proportion of gamma delta+ T cells and in a minority of @entity1 . Although the occurrence of @entity2902 + and @entity2071 + gamma delta+ T cells was somewhat higher in CSF than in blood and in inflammatory diseases than in controls, the small numbers of @entity2902 + and @entity2071 + gamma delta+ T cells preclude establishing differences amongst compartments and @entity1 groups. The adhesion molecules @entity1453 /18 and @entity1759 were constitutively expressed on all T cells. Therefore, we compared the relative antigen density per cell as measured by the relative fluorescence index (RFI) between CSF and blood, between the @entity1 groups and between gamma delta+ and total T cells. The only difference encountered was a slightly higher expression of adhesion molecules on gamma delta+ compared to total T cells, with preference to @entity15 @entity1 . In conclusion, the V delta 1+ subtype of gamma delta+ T cells does not dominate in the CSF compartment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: V delta 1 gene usage, XXXX receptors and adhesion molecules on gamma delta+ T cells in inflammatory @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['other neurological diseases', 'OND', 'OIND', 'other inflammatory neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in @entity5 @entity3 based on their capacity to regulate the expression of @entity5 -related genes. Over-expression of key genes such as @entity517 and @entity3546 (encoding @entity3546 ) in Wnt/ @entity3546 -dependent and @entity9067 in Wnt/ @entity3546 -independent signaling pathways (Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway) has already been identified as the hallmarks of many @entity5 , and their role in @entity0 has also been investigated and confirmed. @entity9068 characterization as an onco-suppressor miRNA has been previously reported. However, the mechanism by which it inhibits @entity3 has not been completely elucidated. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blot, and luciferase assays were used to confirm the effect of @entity9068 on the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the target genes. Lentiviral particles containing @entity9068 were also used to evaluate the effect of @entity9068 restoration on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro in the invasive MDA-MB-231 cell line. By applying bioinformatic approaches for the prediction of miRNAs targeting 3'-UTRs of @entity3546 , @entity517 , and @entity9067 , we found out that @entity9068 could dramatically down-regulate @entity3 by targeting Wnt signaling in @entity0 cells. In the current study, analyzing @entity9068 by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in MDA-MB-231 showed that it was remarkably down-regulated in the metastatic @entity0 cell line. We found that restoration of @entity9068 in the @entity0 cell line, MDA-MB-231, suppresses the expression of the target genes' messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein and, as a result, inhibits @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 . Our findings highlight the ability of bioinformatic approaches to find miRNAs targeting specific genes. By bioinformatic analysis, we confirmed the important role of @entity9068 as a pivotal regulator of @entity0 @entity3 in targeting previously validated ( @entity9067 ) and potentially novel genes, i.e., ( @entity3546 and @entity517 ).

title: MicroRNA-340 inhibits the migration, invasion, and XXXX of @entity0 cells by targeting Wnt pathway.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records and pathologic findings of 37 @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1352 treated at our institution over a 30-year period to evaluate the prognostic significance of @entity5 size, invasiveness, histology, and other features. RESULTS: The 20 male and 17 female @entity1 with @entity1352 had a median age of 13.7 years at diagnosis. Primary @entity5 sites were the extremities (n = 27), trunk (n = 8), and head and neck (n = 2). Disease stage (clinical group) was as follows: group I, n = 21; group II, n = 7; group III, n = 4; and group IV, n = 5. Nineteen @entity1 had invasive (T2) lesions, 20 had @entity5 more than 5 cm in diameter, and 14 had histologic grade 3 lesions. The estimated 5-year survival rate (+/- SE) for @entity1 with group I or II disease was 80% +/- 9%, compared with 17% +/- 15% for those with group III or IV @entity5 (P = .0003). An exact log-rank test, adjusted for clinical group, showed that @entity5 invasiveness and grade independently predicted overall and progression-free survival (P < .05); @entity5 size was significantly correlated with progression-free survival. A borderline significant relationship with overall survival was found for both @entity5 size and histologic subtype (P = .09). CONCLUSION: A controlled trial of adjuvant chemotherapy is merited in @entity1 with resected @entity1352 (clinical group I or II) who present with unfavorable clinicopathologic features such as large, invasive, or grade 3 lesions. @entity1 with unresected or metastatic disease fare poorly despite multimodality therapy and require novel treatment approaches.

title: XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents: the St Jude @entity1 's Research Hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

answer: @entity1352 :: (MESH:D013584,Disease) :: ['Synovial sarcoma']


abstract: This study assesses the feasibility and @entity137 of adoptive immunotherapy with @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes and recombinant @entity1199 in 29 @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity5 . In five @entity1 cultures yielded no growth of @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes. In the remaining 24 @entity1 (stage IIIa, 14 cases; stage IIIb, 10 cases) @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes were in vitro expanded from surgically obtained tissue samples, including samples from both the @entity5 and surrounding lung. A number of @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes, ranging from 4 to 70 billion cells, were reinfused intravenously 4 to 6 weeks after operation. @entity1199 was administered subcutaneously at escalating does for 2 weeks and then at reduced doses for 2 to 3 months. Median survival was 14 months, and the 2-year survival was 40%. Three @entity1 remain alive and disease-free at more than 2 years after operation. Two of these @entity1 did not have complete resection at thoracotomy. Multivariate analysis showed no correlation between the factor of incomplete resection and survival. Intrathoracic recurrence without concomitant distant failure was documented in two @entity1 only and none of the @entity1 with incomplete resection (12 cases) had relapse within the thorax. The present experience demonstrates that adoptive immunotherapy may be applied with safety in @entity1 operated on for @entity5 and suggests that it can be useful, notably in @entity1 with locally advanced disease.

title: Immunotherapy with the use of @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes and XXXX as adjuvant treatment in @entity5 . A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-2']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: @entity690 and pathological @entity174 are the major problems in the clinical management of @entity1582 . We previously reported the main results of a randomized, controlled multicentre trial in 350 Finnish @entity1 with @entity1582 . All @entity1 received standard melphalan- @entity617 treatment and were randomized to receive either @entity19160 2.4 g daily or a placebo for 24 months. The proportion of @entity1 with progression of @entity690 was twice as high in the placebo group as in the @entity19160 group (24.0% v 12.0%, P = 0.026). The purpose of the present study was to investigate factors associated with the progression of @entity690 and to identify subgroups of @entity1 who would benefit most from @entity19160 treatment. In univariate logistic regression analysis, including treatment (placebo, @entity19160 ), sex, age, @entity158 index, serum @entity460 and @entity1011 , @entity1582 stage, number of @entity690 at baseline, and number of vertebral @entity174 at baseline as independent variables and the progression of @entity690 as a dependent variable, only the treatment with a placebo was associated with the progression of @entity690 . Separate analyses with respect to the progression of @entity690 were carried out in the following subgroups: male v female, < or = 64 v > 64 years, stage I v stage II-III @entity1582 , no @entity690 at baseline, no @entity174 at baseline. and a 50% treatment response to cytotoxic drugs versus no treatment response to cytotoxic drugs. The treatment with @entity19160 delayed the progression of @entity690 similarly in these subgroups, with the exception of a subgroup of @entity1 who did not have a 50% treatment response to cytotoxic drugs. The treatment with @entity19160 did not significantly increase treatment costs. We conclude that the treatment effect of @entity19160 seems to be independent of sex and age of the @entity1 , the stage of @entity1582 , and the severity of @entity79 at diagnosis, but not of treatment response to cytotoxic drugs.

title: Subgroup and cost-benefit analysis of the Finnish multicentre trial of XXXX in @entity1582 . Finnish Leukaemia Group.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures at baseline versus vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['Osteolytic lesions', 'osteolytic lesions at baseline versus osteolytic lesions', 'osteolytic bone lesions', 'osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity19160 :: (MESH:D004002,Chemical) :: ['clodronate']


abstract: The 3' to 5' exonuclease of @entity291 thymus DNA polymerase delta has properties expected of a proofreading nuclease. It digests either single-stranded DNA or the single-stranded @entity2036 of a mismatched primer on a DNA template by a nonprocessive mechanism. The distribution of oligonucleotide products suggests that a significant portion of the enzyme dissociates after the removal of one @entity377 . This mechanism is expected if the substrate in vivo is an incorrect @entity377 added by the polymerase. Digestion of single-stranded DNA does not proceed to completion, producing final products six to seven @entity2036 long. Digestion of a long mismatched terminus accelerates when the mismatched region is reduced to less than six @entity2036 . At the point of complementation, the digestion rate is greatly reduced. These results suggest that short mismatched regions are a preferred substrate. The use of a mismatched primer-template analogue, lacking the template single strand, greatly lowers digestion efficiency at the single-stranded 3'-terminus, suggesting that the template strand is important for substrate recognition. When oligonucleotides were examined for effectiveness as exonuclease inhibitors, (dG)8 was found to be the most potent inhibitor of single-stranded DNA digestion. (dG)8 was less effective at inhibiting digestion of mismatched primer termini, again suggesting that this DNA is a preferred substrate. Overall, these results indicate that the exonuclease of DNA polymerase delta efficiently removes short mismatched DNA, a structure formed from misincorporation during DNA synthesis.

title: Properties of the 3' to 5' exonuclease associated with XXXX DNA polymerase delta.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations in the @entity2674 gene account for the majority of the families with @entity2675 cases, and a number of @entity2674 mutations have been reported in males with @entity0 . The aim of this study was to characterise @entity2674 germ-line mutations in Spanish @entity2675 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We screened DNA from 11 affected @entity1 and 6 @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) who had an affected male relative (father or brother). Exons 2-9 and 12-27 were screened by SSCP, and exons 10 and 11 were screened by PTT. PCR products with a variant band were sequenced. RESULTS: Three @entity2674 frameshift mutations were identified (17.6%): the @entity2676 in codon 1049 (exon 11), @entity2677 in codon 2010 (exon 11), and @entity2678 in codon 3009 (exon 23). These mutations were present in @entity1 with affected first-degree relatives (3 of 9, 33%). The proportion of male @entity1 with a family history of @entity0 in at least one first-degree relative was 53%. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between @entity2674 mutations and @entity2675 , especially in those with a family history of @entity0 . The high prevalence of @entity2674 mutations among males should be considered when estimating risk for female relatives. All new male cases of @entity0 should be regarded as being possibly inherited and should be fully investigated.

title: XXXX germ-line mutations in Spanish @entity2675 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male and female breast cancer', 'male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2678 :: ('c|DEL|9254|ATCAT', 'DNAMutation') :: ['9254delATCAT']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Critically ill @entity130 @entity1 undergo many radiologic studies, but the cumulative radiation dose is unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the @entity7184 ( @entity7184 ) of radiation resulting from radiologic studies in critically ill @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: The study group was composed of @entity130 @entity1 at an urban Level I @entity130 center with surgical intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) greater than 30 days. The radiology records were reviewed. A typical effective dose per study for each type of plain film radiograph, computed tomographic scan, fluoroscopic study, and nuclear medicine study was used to calculate @entity7184 . RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 met criteria. The mean surgical intensive care unit and hospital LOS were 42.7 +/- 14.0 and 59.5 +/- 28.5 days, respectively. The mean Injury Severity Score was 32.2 +/- 15.0. The mean number of studies per @entity1 was 70.1 +/- 29.0 plain film radiographs, 7.8 +/- 4.1 computed tomographic scans, 2.5 +/- 2.6 fluoroscopic studies, and 0.065 +/- 0.33 nuclear medicine study. The mean @entity7184 was 106 +/- 59 @entity2073 per @entity1 (range, 11-289 @entity2073 ; median, 104 @entity2073 ). Among age, mechanism, Injury Severity Score, and LOS, there was no statistically significant predictor of high @entity7184 . The mean @entity7184 in the study group was 30 times higher than the average yearly radiation dose from all sources for individuals in the United States. The theoretical additional morbidity attributable to radiologic studies was 0.78%. CONCLUSION: From a radiobiologic perspective, risk-to-benefit ratios of radiologic studies are favorable, given the importance of medical information obtained. Current practice patterns regarding use of radiologic studies appear to be acceptable.

title: Cumulative radiation dose caused by radiologic studies in critically ill @entity130 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['cumulative effective dose', 'CED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The finding of ST segment @entity308 (reduced ST) in the anterior leads during @entity4156 is a common clinical sign. Nevertheless, its significance is not yet well established. To evaluate the significance of this finding, 58 @entity1 with @entity4156 , who has an electrocardiogram within 8 hours from the onset of the disease, were divided into 2 groups: group A (14 @entity1 with anterior reduced ST less than 1 mV) and group B (44 @entity1 with reduced ST greater than or equal to 1 mV in one or more anterior leads). All @entity1 subsequently underwent coronary angiography and left ventriculography, mean 50 days after @entity583 . reduced ST was not predictive of left anterior descending @entity453 . On the contrary, a significantly higher rate of 2-3 vessel disease (p less than 0.05) and of critical @entity850 or occlusion of the right or circumflex coronary artery (p less than 0.05) was found in group B. Peak CK level was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in this group as well. No significant difference was found in ejection fraction and anterior wall motion abnormalities, whereas a higher number of @entity1 in group B showed a depressed function of the postero-basal segment (p less than 0.05). During 6 months follow-up, 2 @entity1 in group A @entity299 ( @entity299 , reinfarction, @entity712 , coronary artery by-pass grafting, @entity204 ) (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical and hemodynamic implications of anterior ST segment XXXX in inferior @entity583 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4156 :: ('MESH:D056989', 'Disease') :: ['acute inferior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['and 24 in group B experienced cardiac events', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Genetic mutations are one of the major mechanisms by which bacteria acquire drug resistance. One of the known mechanisms for inducing mutations is the SOS response system. We investigated the effect of disrupting recA, an inducer of the SOS response, on resistance development using an in vitro hollow-fiber @entity281 model. A clinical @entity794 isolate and a laboratory wild-type strain of @entity526 were compared to their respective recA-deleted isogenic daughter isolates. Approximately 2   10(5) CFU/ml of bacteria were subjected to escalating @entity800 exposures for up to 120 h. Serial samples were obtained to ascertain simulated drug exposures and total and resistant bacterial burdens. @entity1536 resistance determining regions of gyrA and grlA (parC for @entity526 ) in @entity800 -resistant isolates were sequenced to confirm the mechanism of resistance. The preexposure MICs of the recA-deleted isolates were 4-fold lower than those of their respective parents. In @entity794 , a lower area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h at steady state divided by the MIC (AUC/MIC) was required to suppress resistance development in the recA-deleted mutant (an AUC/MIC of >23 versus an AUC/MIC of >32 was necessary in the mutant versus the parent isolate, respectively), and a prominent difference in the total bacterial burden was observed at 72 h. Using an AUC/MIC of approximately 30, @entity526 resistance emergence was delayed by 24 h in the recA-deleted mutant. Diverse mutations in gyrA were found in @entity800 -resistant isolates recovered. Disruption of recA provided additional benefits apart from MIC reduction, attesting to its potential role for pharmacologic intervention. The clinical relevance of our findings warrants further investigations.

title: Impact of recA on XXXX exposure-related resistance development.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolone']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['levofloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plaque @entity1569 of mild to moderate severity is routinely treated with topical @entity230 and coal tar along with emollients. A safe and convenient new treatment modality would be of value to most @entity1 with @entity1569 . OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new @entity3875 analogue, @entity2116 , for the treatment of @entity1569 . METHODS: Twice-daily dosing of @entity2116 was compared with its vehicle, for up to 8 weeks, in a double-blind study of 277 @entity1 at 10 study centers in the United States. Two hundred forty-seven @entity1 completed the trial. The clinical characteristics of plaque elevation, erythema, scaling, and overall disease severity were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of treatment. A Physician's Global Assessment of improvement or worsening of the disease was performed after 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of treatment. Blood and urine samples, for routine clinical laboratory tests, were collected at baseline and after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: As early as the week 1 evaluation, @entity1 treated with @entity2116 ointment 0.005% had significantly lower mean scores (p = 0.043) than the vehicle-treated @entity1 for the disease characteristics of plaque elevation, erythema, and scaling. This trend continued through week 8 of treatment when 70% of the @entity2116 -treated @entity1 showed 75% or more improvement compared with only 19% of vehicle-treated @entity1 . Only minor treatment-related adverse events were observed. There were no abnormal laboratory results judged related to treatment and the rare instances of elevated serum @entity460 values were equally distributed between active and vehicle treatments. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that @entity2116 is a safe, effective, and promising new agent for the treatment of moderately severe @entity1569 .

title: XXXX ointment 0.005% for @entity1569 : a safety and efficacy study. @entity2116 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriene']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2116 :: (MESH:C055085,Chemical) :: ['Calcipotriene']


abstract: In order to establish the diagnostic criteria of @entity1963 by Ach. E. staining of rectal mucosal biopsy, we analysed the specimen obtained from 110 @entity1 with abdominal distension and @entity1142 . We found the pattern of nerve fiber proliferation was not uniform even in @entity1 with @entity1963 . The pattern was classified into 4 types. I. total layer type (Typical type), II. lamina propria mucosal type, III. lamina submucosal type, and IV. lamina propria mucosal and lamina submucosal type. In case of types II, III, IV which do not show a typical finding, detection of Meissner's ganglion cells is the most important factor for the diagnosis of @entity1963 . Since we confirmed that the Meissner's ganglion cells were always present at the level of just above to the dentate line of the rectum in the specimen of normal controls, we concluded that 5mm oral to the dentate line was the most appropriate position of the rectal mucosal biopsy for the diagnosis of @entity1963 including @entity1 with @entity1347 . Two points rectal mucosal biopsies, namely, the biopsies from the site of 5mm and 5 cm oral to the dentate line, was useful for selection of surgical treatment in @entity1 with @entity1347 .

title: [Histochemical diagnosis of XXXX and 2 point rectal mucosal biopsies for selection of surgical treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ultrashort segment aganglionosis', 'short segment aganglionosis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1121 Background: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is an incurable disease in most cases; then treatment is palliative, to prolong @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and control clinical symptoms. Progressively the figures obtained have improved with time. However, the optimal duration of therapy is unknown. Few authors have considered the treatment globally versus for each line and fewer have demonstrated the interest of @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) after the third line. The aim of this study was to assess tumoral response and @entity1349 of @entity1 treated with more than 3 lines of treatment, for each line given. We selected recent @entity1 treated during "taxanes/anti-aromatase era ( @entity11163 )" corresponding to an important progress in @entity0 therapy. METHODS: Our metastatic database recorded 590 @entity1 with @entity0 . Among these @entity1 , 530 received at least one line of @entity7730 and 383 an hormonotherapy (HT). @entity11163 was defined from December 31th, 1993, as from this date they became available for the french @entity1 . RESULTS: Median @entity1349 survival was globally 34.1 months and was calculated for each line given; 226 @entity1 received >3 lines of @entity7730 (an increased proportion in comparison with more ancient @entity1 ) with a median @entity1349 per line rather constant, around 11 months for these late lines. Median @entity1349 of @entity1 treated with >3 lines of HT was 28 months however, only 70 @entity1 were concerned. Clinical benefit after the third line of @entity7730 was obtained for 29.2 to 36.6% of @entity1 and approximately 50% had a progressive disease. Total duration of @entity7730 was 11.7 months versus 20.6 months without @entity7730 . CONCLUSIONS: As the number of available drugs increases, these results support the use of more than 3 lines of @entity7730 with a quantifiable benefit in tumoral response and @entity1349 . It appears that each line can contribute to a longer survival, when the @entity1 is able to receive it.

title: What is the survival length from the late lines of treatment in metastatic XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'Metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe early results of and potentially important anatomic findings with intraoperative lymphatic mapping in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: @entity12670 was injected into the dermis at the leading edge of the @entity6068 in 21 @entity1 . One to five minutes later a standard groin incision was made and carried to the superficial fascia. After gentle dissection, the afferent lymphatic channel and/or sentinel lymph node was identified by its bright blue color. The sentinel node was removed and then the superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy was completed. RESULTS: The 21 @entity1 , ranging in age from 23 to 85 years (median, 52 years), underwent intraoperative lymphatic mapping. The clinical stages were as follows: T1 in 9, T2 in 10, T3 in 1, and unknown in 1 @entity1 with a prior wide local excision. Two @entity1 had palpably suspicious nodes. Ten @entity1 had lateral lesions, and 11 had midline @entity5 . Eight of the 11 @entity1 had bilateral groin dissections, making a total of 29 groins dissected. The sentinel node was identified in 18 @entity1 (86%) and in 19 groins (66%). Five @entity1 had unilateral node metastases, and one @entity1 had bilateral node metastases. A sentinel node was found in five of these seven groins. A total of 238 nodes were removed (median, 8.2 nodes per groin). In no case was a nonsentinel node positive if the sentinel node was negative. In one @entity1 the only metastasis was microscopic @entity5 in the sentinel lymph node. In one case, the sentinel node was found below the cribriform fascia. The sentinel node could not be identified in either groin in one @entity1 with a clitoral primary; however, dye was seen in lymphatic channels passing under the symphysis pubis. The sentinel node was identified in various sites within the superficial compartment including lateral to the femoral artery and at the extreme medial border of the dissection. No complication related to the injection of @entity12670 was seen. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative lymphatic mapping is safe and simple to perform and may help identify the sentinel node, define the extent of superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy, and identify uncommon anatomic variations.

title: Potential applications of intraoperative lymphatic mapping in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vulvar cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity12670 :: ('MESH:C025484', 'Chemical') :: ['Isosulfan blue', 'isosulfan blue']

entities_list: @entity6068 :: ('MESH:D014845', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar lesion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vulvar cancer']


abstract: The effects of 15 diseases on time until culling were studied in 39,727 Finnish Ayrshire @entity291 that calved during 1993 and were followed until the next calving or culling. The diseases studied were: @entity1266 , @entity1267 , @entity1268 , displacement of the abomasum, metritis, non-parturient @entity1269 , @entity1270 , @entity74 , acute @entity1271 , @entity1272 , @entity1273 , @entity130 , anestrus, @entity42 , and @entity130 . Survival analysis, using the Cox proportional hazards model, was performed and diseases were modeled as time-dependent covariates. Different stages of lactation when culling can occur were also considered. Parity, calving season and herd were included as covariates in every model. Parity had a significant effect on culling, the risk of culling being four times higher for a @entity291 in her sixth or higher parity than for a first parity @entity291 . The effects of diseases varied according to when the diseases occurred and when culling occurred. @entity1271 , @entity130 and @entity1273 had a significant effect on culling throughout the whole lactation. Anestrus and @entity42 had a protective effect against culling at the time when they were diagnosed. In general, diseases affected culling decisions mostly at the time of their occurrence. The effect seemed to decrease with time from the diagnosis of the disease. However, @entity1267 , @entity1266 and metritis also had a significant effect on culling at the end of the lactation.

title: Culling of dairy XXXX . Part I. Effects of diseases on culling in Finnish Ayrshire @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity1268 :: ('MESH:D018457', 'Disease') :: ['retained placenta']

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['milk fever']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['rumen disorders']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['Mastitis', 'mastitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic reticuloperitonitis', 'teat injuries']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of treating Korean @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 ( @entity263 ) using @entity1205 plus @entity617 chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study performed in 98 @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 between October 2003 and April 2008. After screening, 72 @entity1 fit the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this study. Treatment consisted of 5 mg @entity617 twice daily and 75 mg/m   @entity1205 once every 3 weeks. RESULTS: @entity1 demographic characteristics included: median age 67 years (range, 51~86), median ECOG performance status 1 (0~2), Gleason score >= 8 in 61 @entity1 (86%), and median serum PSA 45.5 ng/mL (range, 3.7~2,420.0). A total of 405 cycles of treatment were administered with a median 6 cycles (range, 1~20) per @entity1 . The median @entity1205 dose-intensity was 24.4 mg/m(2)/week (range, 17.5~25.6). A PSA response was seen in 51% of 63 evaluable @entity1 at 12 weeks and maximal PSA decline >= 50% in 59% of 70 evaluable @entity1 . @entity5 response was evaluated in 13 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 achieved PR, and 5 @entity1 had SD with a response rate of 31%. With a median follow-up duration of 23.1 months (95%CI, 16.7~29.5), the median time to PSA progression was 5.1 months (95%CI, 4.5~5.8) and median overall survival was 22.8 months (95%CI, 16.6~29.1). Nine (13%) @entity1 experienced grade 3 or higher @entity1398 . CONCLUSION: This chemotherapy regimen ( @entity1205 every 3 weeks plus @entity617 daily) demonstrated a strong response in Korean @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 , while the @entity137 profile was manageable and similar to that observed in Western @entity1 .

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX plus @entity617 chemotherapy for metastatic hormone-refractory prostate adenocarcinoma: single institutional study in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'HRPC']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']