abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 is limited by proximity to eloquent brain. Awake surgery allows for intraoperative monitoring to safely identify eloquent regions. However, data on adverse psychological effects induced in these @entity1 is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study explored @entity1 ' perception of awake surgery for @entity11 , with special focus on intraoperative @entity158 and @entity148 . METHODS: This study was conducted at five neurosurgical centers within the European @entity11 Network. @entity1 underwent awake surgery for @entity11 according to the protocol of the individual center. @entity158 and discomfort were measured during the awake phase. Postoperatively, @entity1 answered a questionnaire on aspects of their operation. RESULTS: One hundred five @entity1 were enrolled. @entity158 levels on a 10-cm visual analogue scale were 1.3 cm at the beginning, 1.9 cm the middle, and 2.1 cm at the end of awake phase. Levels of @entity148 were 2.2 cm, 2.5 cm and 2.6 cm, respectively. @entity1 and @entity1 younger than 60 years exhibited highest mean @entity148 levels. The @entity1 questionnaire revealed that the majority of @entity1 feel comfortable with the procedure. Discomfort resulted from head fixation or positioning on the operating table. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that awake surgery is well tolerated, as neither intraoperative nor postoperative assessment revealed major disadvantages. Concerning practical lessons learned from this study, we emphasize the importance of minimizing @entity158 and preparing @entity1 thoroughly to reduce @entity148 and maximize cooperation. Awake surgery is an excellent treatment modality for @entity1313 with very positive perception by @entity1 .

title: Tolerance of awake surgery for @entity11 : a prospective European XXXX Network multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gross total removal of glioma', 'glioma', 'Low Grade Glioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Low Grade Glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is associated with a numerical and functional reduction of peripheral blood (PB) invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Limited information exists on the role of iNKT cells in the pathogenesis of @entity1252 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency and phenotype of iNKT cells in PB and dermal infiltrates from @entity1 with @entity1252 , @entity3830 ( @entity3830 ) and @entity9821 ( @entity9821 ). METHODS: PB was obtained from 23 @entity1252 , 6 @entity3830 , and 11 @entity9821 @entity1 , and from 30 healthy controls. iNKT cell frequency and @entity16952 / @entity14284 surface expression were assessed by flow cytometry. The frequency and phenotype of skin infiltrating Va24(+)Vb11(+) iNKT cells were investigated by immunofluorescence in lesional biopsies from 20 @entity1 , unaffected skin from 3 @entity1 , and from 6 healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity1252 @entity1 displayed significantly lower percentages of circulating CD3(+)6B11(+) iNKT cells compared to healthy controls. Whereas @entity14284 expression on iNKT cells was enhanced in active @entity1252 @entity1 regardless of cutaneous involvement compared to healthy controls, @entity16952 was exclusively increased in @entity1 with active cutaneous lesions. Furthermore, iNKT cells were significantly enriched in lesional skin of @entity1252 and @entity9821 @entity1 , but not in unaffected skin of @entity1252 @entity1 . The majority of lesional iNKT cells expressed @entity379 and @entity16952 . CONCLUSION: The deficiency in circulating iNKT cells in @entity3830 is associated with an increase of iNKT cells at the site of cutaneous @entity32 . These data underscore the importance of analyzing iNKT cells not only in PB, but also in the target tissues.

title: Invariant natural killer T cells are enriched at the site of cutaneous XXXX in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Lupus erythematosus', 'lupus', 'lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity9821 :: ('MESH:D008179', 'Disease') :: ['discoid lupus erythematosus', 'DLE']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus', 'subacute-cutaneous lupus erythematosus', 'SCLE']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The role of @entity18515 ( @entity18515 ) activation in trigeminal nociception and in induction of functional competence in the delta opioid receptor (DOR) is not known. In this study, we evaluated whether agonists of @entity18515 activate the @entity2951 -sensitive subclass of trigeminal nociceptors in a PLC- @entity6164 -dependent manner and induce functional competence in the DOR. Adult male @entity35 @entity4494 ( @entity4494 ) cultured neurons were treated with the @entity18515 agonist (SL- @entity2733 ) or an enzyme activator of PAR (trypsin) and the activation of @entity4494 nociceptors was assessed using three independent methods: neuropeptide release, @entity460 influx, and whole cell patch-clamp. The specificity of SL- @entity2733 and trypsin responses was evaluated using @entity4494 cultures transfected with siRNA against @entity18515 . The in vivo role of @entity18515 activation was determined measuring SL- @entity2733 and trypsin-evoked nocifensive behavior and increase in blood flow. Trigeminal neurons were treated with SL- @entity2733 /vehicle and then the DOR agonist to determine DOR inhibition of evoked neuropeptide release and @entity268 accumulation. The results showed that SL- @entity2733 (100 microM) and trypsin (1-600 nM) activate @entity4494 nociceptors, which is partly reversible by the @entity6164 inhibitor @entity30825 (500 nM) and by @entity3739 red (10 microM). In cultures treated with siRNA against @entity18515 , both SL- @entity2733 and trypsin responses were significantly diminished. Both SL- @entity2733 and trypsin evoke nocifensive behavior and increases in blood flow in an @entity158 model. Application of SL- @entity2733 rapidly produced functional competence of DOR for inhibiting nociceptor function. In inflamed tissue, endogenous proteases may activate @entity4494 nociceptors and generate @entity158 . Moreover, activation of @entity18515 can also induce functional competence in DOR.

title: XXXX agonists activate trigeminal nociceptors and induce functional competence in the delta opioid receptor.

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity30825 :: ('MESH:C088060', 'Chemical') :: ['bisindolylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'trigeminal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity18515 :: (116677(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PAR-2']


abstract: @entity134 receptor coactivators (SRCs) are important transcriptional modulators that regulate nuclear receptor and transcription factor activity to adjust transcriptional output to cellular demands. Highlighting their pleiotropic effects, dysfunction of the SRCs has been found in numerous pathologies including @entity5 , @entity32 , and @entity209 . The @entity19640 family is expressed strongly in the brain including the hippocampus, cortex, and @entity2339 . Studies focusing on the effect of @entity19640 loss using congenic @entity19640 knockout @entity19 ( @entity19640 (-/-)) are limited in number, yet strongly indicate that the SRCs play important roles in regulating reproductive behavior, development, and motor coordination. To better understand the unique functions of the SRCs, we performed a neurobehavioral test battery focusing on @entity148 and exploratory behaviors, motor coordination, sensorimotor gating, and nociception in both male and female null @entity19 and compared them with their wild-type (WT) littermates. Results from the test battery reveal a role for @entity42865 in motor coordination. Additionally, we found that @entity42865 regulates @entity148 responses in @entity42865 (-/-) male and female @entity19 , and nociception sensitivity in @entity42865 (-/-) male but not female @entity19 . By comparison, @entity42866 regulates @entity148 response with @entity42866 (-/-) females showing decreased @entity148 in novel environments, as well as increased exploratory behavior in the open field compared with WT littermates. Additionally, @entity42866 (-/-) males were shown to have deficits in sensorimotor gating. Loss of @entity42867 also shows sex differences in @entity148 and exploratory behaviors. In particular, @entity42867 (-/-) female @entity19 have increased @entity148 and reduced exploratory activity and impairments in prepulse inhibition, whereas @entity42867 (-/-) male @entity19 show no significant behavioral differences. In both genders, ablation of @entity42867 decreases nocifensive behaviors. Collectively, these resource data suggest that loss of the SRCs results in behavioral phenotypes, underscoring the importance of understanding both the general and gender-based activity of SRCs in the brain.

title: Research resource: loss of the XXXX receptor coactivators confers neurobehavioral consequences.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: From 1974 through 1983, 125 @entity1 underwent operation at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center for @entity4153 of the lung invading the chest wall. (Excluded are those with superior @entity5 or distant metastases at presentation.) Eighty @entity1 were male and 45 were female. Ages ranged from 33 to 88 years (median 60 years). Histologically, the @entity5 were @entity957 in 46%, @entity420 in 46%, and @entity152 in 8%. All @entity1 underwent thoracotomy (pneumonectomy 19, bilobectomy seven, lobectomy 75, wedge resection 10, and no pulmonary resection 14), with an operative mortality of 4%. At thoracotomy, mediastinal lymph node dissection was routinely performed, and the postsurgical stage was T3 N0 M0 in 53%, T3 N1 M0 in 13%, and T3 N2 M0 in 34%. Extrapleural resection was performed in 66 @entity1 . En bloc resection of chest wall and lung was performed in 45 @entity1 with an operative mortality of 2%. Complete resection of @entity5 was possible in 77 @entity1 (62%). Extension of @entity5 beyond the parietal pleura significantly decreased resectability. The median survival of 48 @entity1 having incomplete resection was 9 months, despite perioperative interstitial and external radiation. The actuarial 5 year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) of 77 @entity1 having complete resection was 40%. This percentage was not significantly influenced by the @entity1 's age or sex or by @entity5 size or histologic type. Lymphatic metastases significantly reduced survival, with a 5 year actuarial survival rate of 56% for @entity1 with T3 N0 M0 disease and 21% for those with T3 N1 M0 or T3 N2 M0 disease (p = 0.005). The extent of @entity5 invasion of the chest wall appeared to influence survival, but in the absence of lymphatic metastases the difference at 5 years was not significant. Complete resection offers a significant chance for long-term survival in @entity2 directly extending into parietal pleura and chest wall. Extrapleural resection or en bloc chest wall resection can be performed with a low operative mortality and an expected 5 year survival in excess of 50% in the absence of lymphatic metastases.

title: Chest wall invasion in XXXX . Therapeutic and prognostic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sulcus tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One of the primary goals of damage control surgery in the @entity130 @entity1 is primary closure of the abdomen. We hypothesized that extra-abdominal infections, such as those complicating injuries to the thorax, diaphragm, long bones, or musculoskeletal system, would decrease the likelihood of primary abdominal closure and increase hospital resource utilization in @entity1 requiring open abdominal management. METHODS: The @entity130 registry of the American College of Surgeons (TRACS) was reviewed retrospectively from 1995-2002 for open abdomen technique and damage control surgery. The outcome was primary fascial closure or delayed closure. @entity1 who died prior to closure were excluded. We evaluated @entity166 , including @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ), blood stream infection (BSI), and @entity281 ( @entity281 ). Other parameters studied were @entity174 , @entity174 , @entity764 , diaphragm injuries, @entity3509 , and transfusion requirements. Hospital charges were obtained from the hospital administrative database. Univariate, multivariate, and regression analyses were performed to identify the effects of @entity166 on primary abdominal closure, length of stay, total hospital charges, and disposition. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-four @entity1 required the open abdomen technique: 67% received damage control laparotomy and 33% decompression of @entity8479 . Two hundred seventy-six @entity1 (80%) went on to abdominal closure of some form and constituted the primary study group. Primary abdominal closure was achieved in 180 (65%) with a mean time to closure of 3.5 days. @entity2489 , BSI, and @entity281 were associated with lack of primary closure (p < 0.05). Increased blood transfusions also were associated with failure of primary closure (p < 0.05). @entity2489 and BSI were associated with significantly greater lengths of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) (24.2 days vs. 12.6 days and 30.5 days vs. 17.9 days; both p < 0.0001) and significantly greater total hospital charges (232,080 US dollar vs. 142,893 US dollar; 247,440 US dollar vs. 160,940 US dollar; and 264,778 US dollar vs. 170,447 US dollar; all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Inability to achieve primary abdominal closure was associated with @entity166 ( @entity2489 , BSI, and @entity281 ) and large transfusion requirements. Infectious complications also significantly increased ICU utilization and hospital charges. @entity204 was associated with BSI, femur @entity174 , and large transfusion requirements, whereas @entity166 did not have a significant impact on discharge disposition.

title: The open abdomen in XXXX : do @entity166 affect primary abdominal closure?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'long bone fractures', 'multiple rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injuries']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: We examined the impact of @entity5 and its curative therapies on the outlook of life, working activity, partner relationship and sexual function in 31 consecutive @entity1 18 to 51 years old (mean age 29.3 years, median 28 years) who already had undergone orchiectomy. Of the @entity1 13 subsequently were treated with chemotherapy alone, 6 with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection alone, and 7 with chemotherapy and an operation, while 5 @entity4797 @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy. The @entity1 were examined 3, 6 and 18 months after orchiectomy. Each @entity1 was required to fill out a questionnaire to gather information relative to their work activities, emotional relationship with the partner and sexual life. The @entity1 also completed an assessment form on the quality of life (Spitzer QL-Index) and a series of horizontal analogues to evaluate @entity148 , mood, @entity390 , @entity425 and general health status. The statistical analysis of the linear and quadratic components for the variables under study was done with the general linear model for block design. Psychosocial adaptability of these @entity1 , regardless of the treatment they underwent, in time became progressively less problematic and the development of psychosocial problems during the long-term adjustment was low. Only 2 @entity1 reported worsening of the emotional relationship with the partner after treatment: 1 underwent chemotherapy and an operation, and 1 underwent radiotherapy. With regard to sexual life, no serious dysfunction was noted apart from the loss of ejaculation in 11 of 13 @entity1 who underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Of our sample @entity1 who had lost ejaculation only 2 suffered from a high state of @entity148 . The @entity148 scores on the last completed linear analogue were 2.6 and 4.1, whereas at the same time the mood scores were 1.9 and 4.4. Therefore, it is important for the clinician to assess the psychogenic aspect of this side effect when this type of operation is proposed.

title: Psychological aspects of XXXX therapy: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testis cancer']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testis cancer']


abstract: Two proteins, one in a highly purified form, have been isolated from the soluble fraction of @entity35 liver homogenate. These proteins accelerate the transfer of labeled @entity3633 , @entity2434 , @entity4357 , @entity4291 , and @entity165 from liposomes to mitochondria or erythrocyte ghosts. The fraction obtained after @entity1329 precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose, ampholyte displacement chromatography, and heat treatment exhibited an 876-fold increase in its @entity3633 transfer activity as compared with the postmitochondrial supernatant adjusted to pH 5.1. Isoelectric focusing on @entity2975 gels shows a single band between pH 8.6 and 9.0. The transfer activity is abolished by trypsin, but withstands 5-min heating at 90 degrees. After heat treatment, a single major band is seen on @entity2975 gel electrophoresis followed by two minor ones. The molecular weight of the major band is 12,500, as determined by electrophoresis on 15% @entity2975 gels in the presence of @entity3208 . A molecular weight of 13,500 was calculated from molecular filtration through Sephadex G-50. The relative transfer activities toward the different phospholipids remain constant throughout the last three steps of the purification procedure in spite of the extensive change in the electrophoretic profile of the protein mixture. The @entity165 transfer activity remains unchanged after the final heat treatment as well. This indicates that all of the transfer activities are present in a single protein.

title: XXXX liver proteins capable of transferring @entity3633 . Purification and transfer activity for other phospholipids and @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: MHC class II molecules are critical determinants of genetic susceptibility to @entity1 type 1 @entity6 . In @entity1 , the most common haplotype contains the DRA1*0101-DRB1*0401 ( @entity4107 ) and DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (DQ8) loci. To assess directly the relative roles of HLA-DQ8 and @entity4107 for @entity6 development in vivo, we generated C57BL/6 @entity19 that lack endogenous @entity19 MHC class II molecules but express HLA-DQ8 and/or @entity4107 . Neither HLA-DQ nor HLA-DR @entity19 developed insulitis or spontaneous @entity6 . However, when they were crossed to @entity19 (C57BL/6) expressing the B7.1 costimulatory molecules on pancreatic beta cells that do not normally develop @entity6 , T cells from these double @entity19 were no longer tolerant to islet autoantigens. The majority of DQ8/RIP-B7 @entity19 developed spontaneous @entity6 , whereas only 25% of @entity4107 /RIP-B7 @entity19 did so. Interestingly, when DQ8 and @entity4107 were coexpressed (DQ8DR4/RIP-B7), only 23% of these @entity19 developed @entity6 , an incidence indistinguishable from the @entity4107 /RIP-B7 @entity19 . T cells from both @entity4107 /RIP-B7 and DQ8DR4/RIP-B7 @entity19 , unlike those from DQ8/RIP-B7 @entity19 , exhibited a @entity61 -like phenotype. Thus, the expression of @entity4107 appeared to downregulate DQ8-restricted autoreactive T cells in DQ8DR4/RIP-B7 @entity19 . Our data suggest that although both DQ8 and @entity4107 can promote spontaneous @entity6 in @entity19 with a non-autoimmune-prone genetic background, the diabetogenic effect of the DQ8 allele is much greater, whereas @entity4107 expression downregulates the diabetogenic effect of DQ8, perhaps by enhancing @entity61 -like immune responses.

title: The regulatory role of @entity4107 in a spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes DQ8 transgenic model']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between adherence to @entity35277 and the risk of major @entity65 ( @entity583 [ @entity583 ] and @entity64 ) among @entity1 newly treated with @entity35277 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data. DATA SOURCE: MarketScan commercial and Medicare databases (2005-2011). @entity1 : A total of 42,549 adults with @entity407 and/or type 2 @entity6 who newly started @entity35277 between January 1, 2005, and September 30, 2011, and who had continuous enrollment in employer-sponsored commercial health insurance or Medicare supplemental benefit plans for at least 6  months before and 12  months after the date of @entity35277 initiation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Adherence was measured as the proportion of days covered (PDC) by prescription claims for @entity35277 during the 1-year period after the drug initiation date. @entity1 were assigned to one of three adherence cohorts: adherent, PDC  of  0.8 or more; partially adherent,PDC  of 0.5-0.8; or nonadherent, PDC  of less than  0.5. The primary outcome was time to the first hospitalization with a primary diagnosis for @entity583 or @entity64 during the follow-up period. Association of @entity35277 adherence with the primary outcome was examined by multivariate Cox regression models, adjusting for demographics, comorbidity, and concomitant drugs. A sensitivity analysis between propensity score-matched cohorts was conducted to compare the outcome between adherent and nonadherent groups. Of the 42,549 @entity1 included in the analysis, 7968 (18.7%) were adherent, 6197 (14.6%) were partially adherent, and 28,384 (66.7%) were nonadherent. Compared with nonadherent @entity1 , adherent @entity1 were older, more likely to be male and from the Northeast or North Central regions of the United States, and had more cardiovascular risk factors and concomitant drugs. Controlling for @entity1 demographic and clinical characteristics, adherent @entity1 were about 43% less likely to experience an @entity583 or @entity64 hospitalization during the follow-up period compared with nonadherent @entity1 (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval[CI] 0.44-0.73, p<0.0001). Results of the sensitivity analysis using propensity score matching techniques were consistent. CONCLUSION: Adherence to @entity35277 was associated with lower risk of major @entity65 ( @entity583 and @entity64 ) among @entity1 with @entity407 and/or type 2 @entity6 . Research to assess interventions to improve adherence to @entity35277 and subsequently to evaluate the effects of these interventions on cardiovascular outcomes is warranted.

title: Lower risk of major @entity65 associated with adherence to XXXX HCI.

entities_list: @entity35277 :: ('MESH:C107058', 'Chemical') :: ['colesevelam']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity35277 :: (MESH:C107058,Chemical) :: ['colesevelam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 has proven to be an independent risk factor of mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) in both nontrauma and @entity130 @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether the detrimental effect of @entity28 extend to morbidity as well as mortality in the intensive and nonintensive care @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective comparison of @entity28 (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2) to nonobese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) @entity130 @entity1 was performed between January 2004 and December 2005. @entity1 demographics, morbidity, mortality and ventilator, ICU, and hospital length of stays were analyzed. Continuous variables were evaluated using the Wilcoxon Rank test and the nominal variables were evaluated using the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A cohort of 338 nonobese @entity1 was compared with 115 @entity28 @entity1 during the study. These groups were similar in age (p = 0.19), gender (p = 0.37), and mechanism (p = 0.13). Their severity of injury were similar, demonstrated by nonsignificant differences in Injury Severity Score (p = 0.45), New Injury Severity Score (p = 0.51), Abdomen Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS; p = 0.49), and head AIS (p = 0.64). The subset of @entity28 @entity1 who never went to the ICU had a slightly longer hospital stay with a p value of 0.055. Overall the mortality rates were not different between the groups (3.5% @entity28 versus 7.1% nonobese, p = 0.26). CONCLUSIONS: This group of @entity28 @entity130 @entity1 had similar mortality rates to their leaner counterparts possibly because their complications were minimized. Despite this finding, a subset of @entity28 @entity1 had longer hospital stays which increases the financial burden to the @entity1 and hospital. Effort should be made to facilitate their discharge to avoid complications and minimize cost.

title: @entity28 and outcomes after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate physical functioning in a nurse-led integrated physiotherapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach in treatment of @entity1 suffering from @entity1118 . BACKGROUND: Inter-professional working and physical activity supervision is described as important components of successful rehabilitation and is often included in approaches to @entity1118 . DESIGN: A quasi-experimental nonrandomised controlled design was used. METHOD: A consecutive sample of 117 outpatients from a rehabilitation unit at a university hospital was included in this intervention study. The effects of an 8-week multidisciplinary programme, including 6 and 12 month follow-up, was examined with measures including health-related quality of life (HRQL), @entity158 perception, @entity158 stages of change and physical functioning. To broaden our understanding qualitative data from three physiotherapists involved were collected. RESULTS: Improvements in physical functioning status during the programme were positively related to improvements in stages of change, @entity158 interference (PI) and severity (PS) and HRQL. Qualitative data support these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that our @entity158 management intervention, that includes physical activity designed to help @entity1 to live a healthier life, can have a clinically assessable impact on reducing PI and PS, improving physical functioning and HRQL. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Training in CBT approaches and inter-professional working in @entity1118 may extend the skills of nurses and physiotherapists to improve physical functioning among a group of @entity1 for whom traditional medicine has little to offer.

title: Evaluating physical functioning as part of a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy approach in treatment of XXXX suffering from @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cervical @entity3519 is @entity3520 characterized by involuntary movement of the neck muscle, which leads to abnormal head posture. It can be accompanied with @entity158 and @entity400 . In this study, we evaluated the presence of @entity308 and @entity148 in @entity1 with cervical @entity3519 and the influence of @entity3520 on the quality of life. Psychiatric symptoms were evaluated by use of the Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) was used to evaluate the cervical @entity3520 . Quality of life was assessed by the craniocervical @entity3519 questionnaire (CDQ-24) and short form 36 health survey (SF-36). Nineteen @entity1 were analyzed. Most of the @entity1 had mild cervical @entity3519 (mean TWSTRS 23.89). @entity308 was present in 42.1  % and @entity148 in 57.9  % of the @entity1 . Disability due to cervical @entity3519 correlated with the occurrence of @entity308 (    =  0.534) and @entity148 (r  =  0.652). Disability was found to significantly influence the stigma, emotional state, @entity158 , daily activity, social life, physical function, and physical and @entity717 . @entity158 influenced some aspects of @entity158 , physical function, and physical and @entity717 . Being associated with disability and @entity158 , cervical @entity3519 decreases the quality of life in many aspects. Disability also influenced @entity308 and @entity148 , which were present in half of study @entity1 . In addition to follow up for cervical @entity3520 , @entity1 with cervical @entity3519 should also be assessed for @entity146 symptoms on routine clinical check-ups. In addition to botulinum toxin, psychopharmaceuticals should be considered as a treatment option in these @entity1 .

title: Cervical XXXX and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonia', 'dystonia symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'body pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental disability']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The relationship between @entity322 and race/ethnicity is poorly understood. We analyzed Medicare claims data to identify racial differences in the diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of @entity1 with stress @entity322 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the 1999 to 2001 Medicare Public Use Files provided by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on a 5% national random sample of beneficiaries. @entity1 65 years or older with a diagnosis of stress @entity322 were identified on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision codes. Those who underwent an autologous or synthetic sling procedure during the index period were identified on the basis of Physicians Current Procedural Terminology Coding System, 4th edition codes. Racial differences in diagnosis, treatment and outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Of all female Medicare beneficiaries older than 65 years overall only 1.1% had a claim that listed a diagnosis of stress @entity322 . White @entity1 were more likely than nonwhite @entity1 to have a claim listing a diagnosis of stress @entity322 . Approximately 27,120 slings were performed on the Medicare population during the study period. Among @entity1 with a diagnosis of stress @entity322 white and Hispanic @entity1 were disproportionately more likely to undergo a sling than were black or Asian @entity1 (p<0.01). After controlling for age and comorbidities, nonwhite @entity1 undergoing sling surgery were twice as likely to develop @entity532 , @entity3577 and @entity1876 within 1 year postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: We identified racial differences in the frequency of diagnosis of stress @entity322 , frequency of sling procedures and rate of @entity260 after sling surgery. Further research is necessary to determine whether such differences are due to racial differences in @entity322 incidence and severity or disparities in care for minorities.

title: Racial disparities in the surgical management of stress XXXX among female Medicare beneficiaries.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['nonurological complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: The ability of @entity4195 to invade @entity1 epithelial cells has been suggested to be an important contributing factor to the bacterium's ability to cause severe, invasive @entity281 . We know little, however, of the mechanism underlying intracellular invasion by this organism. In this study, we demonstrate that the invasion of cultured @entity1 epithelial cells by a serotype M1 strain of @entity4195 90-226) is stimulated over 50-fold by the addition of fetal calf serum (FCS) to the cell culture medium (RPMI medium). Purified @entity1 @entity2002 and peptides containing the sequence @entity11599 (RGD) were also found to promote bacterial invasion of cultured cells. Experiments that demonstrate that the agonists stimulate invasion by interacting with bacterial cells are described. Invasion stimulation did not appear to involve de novo synthesis of a bacterial protein, as FCS and @entity2002 stimulated invasion in the presence of @entity2755 . Although the agonists stimulated adherence by up to threefold, strain 90-226 efficiently adhered to cultured cells in unsupplemented RPMI medium. The invasion index (the number of internalized CFU/the number of adherent CFU) of strain 90-226 was increased 10- to 25-fold by the addition of the agonists. Postinternalization survival of bacteria was unaffected by @entity2002 or FCS. Thus, the agonistic factors affect the efficiency by which adherent bacteria are internalized by epithelial cells.

title: High-frequency invasion of epithelial cells by XXXX can be activated by @entity2002 and peptides containing the sequence RGD.

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'S. pyogenes (strain']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: @entity8441 is a ground water pollutant principally as a result of its use as a soil pesticide and secondarily from spills or leaks of leaded @entity18683 in which it is an additive. The compound has been found in over 1900 wells in 4 countries: Japan, Israel, Australia, and the United States (10 states), typically at concentrations of 0.04-4 micrograms/L. The overall rate of detections in suspected areas is about 13%. Its use as a soil fumigant was banned in the US in 1983 because of its carcinogenicity. Concern over @entity18683 as a source should diminish as leaded fuels all but disappear from the market in many countries. The voluminous research and regulatory attention devoted to @entity15507 has generated a picture, if not an entirely clear one, of how @entity15507 behaves in the environment and what we can expect for the future. @entity15507 is volatile, moderately water soluble, and has only weak equilibrium sorptive affinity for soil. Transport to ground water occurs by both vapor-phase diffusion and by advection with infiltrating water, depending on soil properties and precipitation and irrigation patterns. Models describing these processes have been developed and validated in part by laboratory experiments, but the complexity and heterogeneity of the field makes predictions difficult there. As with other pesticides, experience indicates that areas with permeable soils and shallow water tables are most vulnerable. However, @entity15507 seems to have penetrated many tens of meters of unsaturated zone in some cases to reach the water table. Transport in ground water occurs with bulk water flow, subject to hydrodynamic dispersion effects common to all solutes, and subject to sorptive retardation. From equilibrium sorption partition coefficients, plume migration is likely to be a factor of 2-4 slower than bulk water flow. Hydrolysis is the most important abiotic reaction. The reaction is independent of pH in the range 4-9 and is probably uncatalyzed by particle surfaces. Both @entity21822 and @entity20299 mechanisms have been proposed. Estimates of the half-life range from 2-4 yr at 22-25 degrees C, to around two decades at 10 degrees C. These temperatures approximate subsurface conditions in warm climates (e.g., Florida) and temperate climates (e.g., New England), respectively. The major products are @entity10977 and @entity4001 ion. Both are of little concern at low concentrations. @entity38157 , which is a suspected carcinogen, is a minor product in lab studies, but so far there are no reports linking its presence with @entity15507 in the field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Environmental chemistry of XXXX in soil and ground water.

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity8441 :: ('MESH:D015946', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethylene dibromide']

entities_list: @entity38157 :: ('MESH:C003763', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinyl bromide']

entities_list: @entity4001 :: ('CHEBI:15858', 'Chemical') :: ['bromide']

answer: @entity8441 :: (MESH:D015946,Chemical) :: ['ethylene dibromide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11989 , also known as @entity11989 ( @entity11989 ), is a rare @entity74 that is primarily characterized by poorly developed nails and patella. @entity1 with @entity11989 frequently suffer from patellar instability that requires surgical management. The present case report describes a 25-year-old @entity1 with @entity11989 . The @entity1 presented with left knee @entity158 and was found to have recurrent @entity8043 . The knee @entity158 was first reported 1-year after a minor knee trauma incident. Following complete evaluation, a diagnosis of @entity11989 was reached. The @entity1 underwent surgical intervention using medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with a gracilis tendon autograft looped through two transverse 3.2-mm @entity16834 holes in the patella and fixed at the natural MPFL insertion site on the medial femoral condyle with an interference screw. The surgery resulted in stabilization of the patella in the femoral trochlea and the @entity1 did not have any subsequent @entity3029 or @entity7194 . The @entity1 had an excellent range of knee movement in the follow-up period. This case indicates that MPFL reconstruction in @entity1 with @entity8043 secondary to @entity11989 can successfully restore normal patellar tracking and result in good range of movement and functional activity.

title: Treatment of patellar instability in a case of XXXX ( @entity11989 ) with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['subluxations']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity11989 :: ('MESH:D009261', 'Disease') :: ['nail-patella syndrome', 'Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia', 'NPS']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocation', 'left patellar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations']

answer: @entity11989 :: (MESH:D009261,Disease) :: ['hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An entry located at aortic arch in @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is uncommon. It remains controversial whether or not aggressive primary entry resection should be routinely performed in such @entity1 . We have adopted an aggressive strategy of entry site resection, including total arch replacement (TAR) in @entity1 with arch tears. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of our surgical management approach, using aggressive primary entry resection. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2014, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 334 @entity1 with @entity697 who underwent emergent surgery. The mean age was 67    13 years (range, 20-95 years). Ninety-five @entity1 (28%) presented with shock vital status, and 84 @entity1 (25%) manifested malperfusion of branched arteries. Primary entry resection was achieved in 95% of @entity1 under an aggressive surgical strategy [hemiarch replacement for 173 (52%) @entity1 and TAR for 161 (48%) @entity1 ] concomitant with 22 coronary artery bypass grafts and 38 root replacements. Ninety-six percent of hospital survivors (298/311) were followed for a median of 39 months (range, 0-179 months). RESULTS: Operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, @entity1167 , antegrade cerebral perfusion and lower body circulatory arrest times were 447    170, 236    93, 112    74, 115    81 and 54    18 min, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate was 5.4%. The in-hospital mortality rate was 8.4% (6.9% at our hospital). Incidences of postoperative permanent @entity51 , tracheotomy and newly permanent haemodialysis were 6.9, 8 and 2%, respectively, with no spinal cord injuries observed. @entity715 was achieved in 57% of @entity1 as visualized by postoperative computed tomography angiography. After 3, 5 and 10 years, overall survival rates were 81, 74 and 65%, respectively, and the percentages of @entity1 free from downstream dissection-related reoperation were 89, 86 and 80%, respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the risk factors for downstream aortic reoperation were patent false lumen, residual primary entry tear and @entity2597 . CONCLUSIONS: The surgical outcomes following aggressive treatment of @entity697 are satisfactory. False lumen @entity715 can be achieved in a relatively high proportion of @entity1 using this technique, resulting in a low rate of subsequent downstream aortic reoperations.

title: Surgical outcomes for XXXX with aggressive primary entry resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disorder']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AAAD', 'acute type A aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Complete false lumen thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute type A aortic dissection']


abstract: A loss-of-function mutation in Grisea, a gene of @entity25667 that was previously shown to code for a @entity920 -modulated transcription factor, leads to a significant increase in lifespan. In an attempt to identify and to isolate potential target genes controlled by GRISEA, a RT-differential-display screen was performed. This approach resulted in the identification of a gene, PaGrg1, that is differentially expressed in the wild-type and in the long-lived grisea mutant. In the mutant, transcript levels of PaGrg1 were found to be much lower than in the wild-type even if @entity920 was added to the growth medium in amounts that revert the phenotype of this @entity920 -uptake mutant to wild-type characteristics. PaGrg1 is a discontinuous gene with a single intron and encodes a protein of 71 @entity1522 sharing a high degree of sequence identity (65%) with the developmentally regulated, catabolite-repressed grg-1 gene of @entity1980 . Transcription of PaGrg1 increases upon @entity505 starvation indicating that PaGRG1 represents a putative stress protein. Transcript levels of PaGrg1 were found to increase during aging in both the wild-type strain and the long-lived mutant. However, even in the senescent stage of grisea, they are much lower than in juvenile cultures of the wild-type strain. The data suggest that threshold transcript levels of PaGrg1, and/ or additional unidentified genes which are controlled by GRISEA and which are subject to catabolite repression, are significantly involved in lifespan control. This conclusion is supported by the finding that, in contrast to the wild-type, the lifespan of grisea does not increase when cultures are grown on non-repressible @entity505 sources.

title: PaGrg1, a glucose-repressible gene of XXXX that is differentially expressed during lifespan.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa']

entities_list: @entity25667 :: ('5145', 'Species') :: ['Podospora anserina']

answer: @entity25667 :: (5145,Species) :: ['Podospora anserina']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) can endanger the survival of the mother and fetus. Currently, the pathogenesis of @entity1468 is not completely understood and no fundamental therapeutics are available. The present study was performed to determine the function of @entity25585 in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells and to ascertain its underlying role in the pathogenesis of @entity1468 . METHODS: We investigated the function of @entity25585 in HTR-8/SVneo cells by overexpressing. We analyzed the apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells by performing apoptosis assays and measured the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (  ym), the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and caspase activity. In addition, @entity25585 target genes were predicted. RESULTS: Using computer-based programs, we identified @entity589 as a direct target of @entity25585 . In the apoptosis assays of HTR-8/SVneo cells, @entity25585 decreased the     m, depleted @entity855 levels and increased ROS generation, @entity4674 release as well as caspase activation. Further studies showed that @entity25585 induced the apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells by down-regulating @entity589 through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. CONCLUSIONS: @entity25585 is an up-regulated miRNA in @entity1 with @entity1468 . Our study demonstrated that the @entity25585 -induced apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells may contribute to @entity1468 and @entity25585 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for @entity1468 .

title: MicroRNA-128a-induced apoptosis in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells contributes to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'Pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: We investigated the transcriptome profile of mechanical @entity1763 and @entity12644 at 60 min after death using serial analysis of gene expression. After comparing the results, 11 genes were significantly increased by the mechanical @entity1763 treatment in the @entity19 lung. Of those genes, quantitative real-time PCR revealed that dual specificity phosphatase 1 ( @entity17311 ), TGF-beta stimulated gene 22, domain family protein 3 ( @entity41317 ) and @entity41318 homolog ( @entity375 )-like ( @entity41319 ) after @entity1763 were more significantly increased than those after @entity12644 . @entity17311 inactivated mitogen activated protein kinase, which functions in cell proliferation. However, the consumption of @entity26 had a disadvantageous effect on survival, because tissue or cells were not able to produce energy by internal respiration under the suddenly @entity519 following @entity1763 . The increased transcripts of @entity17311 following @entity1763 suppressed @entity26 consumption. @entity41317 was isolated as a TGF-beta-inducible gene and it is also identified as a glucocorticoid (GC)-induced @entity368 zipper ( @entity41317 ). GC was released from the adrenal gland via @entity2270 under the @entity519 . Especially in acute suffocation, GC rapidly increased. Therefore, the increase in @entity41317 may be induced by the increased GC following @entity1763 . We were unable to clarify the @entity41319 increase, because there are no reports in relation to @entity1763 . In addition, @entity41317 mediates the antiproliferative activity of glucocorticoids. We thought that the increasing @entity41317 may lead to the suppression of @entity26 consumption to avoid wasting energy, as in proliferation, the same as the increase in @entity17311 . Our data indicated that the determination of the protein product level in the lung could help in diagnosing @entity1763 . In addition, these data may contribute to revealing the patho-physiology of @entity1763 and to help diagnose @entity1763 , including hanging.

title: Increase in dual specificity phosphatase 1, TGF-beta stimulated gene 22, domain family protein 3 and @entity41318 homolog ( @entity375 )-like messenger RNA after mechanical asphyxiation in the XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity12644 :: ('MESH:D049248', 'Disease') :: ['decapitation']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic condition']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and morbidity of two periodontal releasing incision techniques in vertical ridge augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three vertical and horizontal defects (Seibert Class III) were selected to compare the double- @entity1912 incision (DFI) to the conventional periosteal releasing incision ( @entity260 ). An incision technique was randomly assigned for @entity1912 advancement. The amount of @entity1912 advancement, the incidence of postsurgical complications, and the level of @entity1 discomfort were compared. @entity1912 advancement was measured with a UNC-15 probe as the difference between the initial elevated @entity1912 and the final advanced @entity1912 . Postsurgical complications including premature membrane exposure, @entity281 , @entity809 , and continuous discomfort were noted at follow-up visits. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to quantify the amount of @entity158 , @entity4 , and @entity548 in the @entity1 . RESULTS: An average of 9.64    0.92 mm @entity1912 advancement was accomplished for DFI, whereas @entity260 advancement averaged 7.13    1.45 mm (P < .001). Premature membrane exposures occurred in two sites in the @entity260 group and one site in the DFI group. Paresthesia, @entity281 , and continuous discomfort were noted in one site each in the @entity260 group. The difference between groups in the incidence of @entity260 ( @entity260 , 5; DFI, 1) was not significant (P < .082). The @entity158 , @entity4 , and @entity548 scores for DFI (1.55    1.21, 1.91    0.94, and 0.40    0.12, respectively) were lower than those of the @entity260 group (3.75    2.63, 3.25    1.29, and 1.16    0.34, respectively) (P = .019, P = .010, and P = .061, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1912 advancement was facilitated and morbidity was decreased in the DFI group. The technique may have potential to serve as an alternative to @entity260 to overcome some of the latter's limitations.

title: Comparison of double- XXXX incision to periosteal releasing incision for @entity1912 advancement: a prospective clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['PRI', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'mean pain']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['flap']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2816 is one of the drugs which are newly used in the therapy of @entity1582 . Its immunomodulating action and a number of additional effects have been proven in the treatment of advanced and refractory stage of the disease. However, the best dosing scheme has not yet been discovered and is the subject of research in a number of clinical studies today. @entity1 AND METHODS: On a retrospective basis, we evaluated results for 59 @entity1 with @entity1582 who were treated with @entity2816 in our facility (median dose of 100 mg), in monotherapy or in combination with @entity288 , between 2000 and 2005. The objective was to determine the percentage of responses to treatment in @entity1 at different stages of the disease. Response to treatment was evaluated in accordance with EBMT standards. RESULTS: @entity2816 was used as 2nd line therapy (1st relapse or primarily resistant disease) in 59% of cases (35 @entity1 ), and as 3rd line therapy (2nd relapse) in 37 % of cases (22 @entity1 ). 2 @entity1 were receiving @entity2816 as 4th line therapy. None of the @entity1 had taken @entity2816 as part of previous treatment. The response rate at 1st relapse (CR - complete remission, PR - partial remission, MR - minimum response) was 60% (21 @entity1 ), of which CR was recorded in 2 @entity1 (6%), PR was recorded in 12 @entity1 (35%) and MR in 6 @entity1 (17%). The response rate at 2nd relapse was 45% (10 @entity1 ), of which CR was recorded in 3 @entity1 (14%), PR in 1 @entity1 (5%) and MR in 5 @entity1 (23%). Even though we did not record any statistically significant difference in the response of the evaluated group of @entity1 to the treatment with @entity2816 at 1st and 2nd relapse, a higher percentage or progression during treatment (32% vs. 14%) was observed in @entity1 at 2nd relapse. 2 @entity1 treated with @entity2816 at 3rd relapse did not have a satisfactory response to the treatment (progression or short stabilisation of the disease with subsequent progression). Only 3 @entity1 (5%) of the evaluated group had to discontinue the treatment due to severe adverse events ( @entity16 , @entity56 , @entity1431 ). The follow up time for @entity2816 therapy ranged between 3 and 62 months for both groups (with a median of 10 months) and spanned from 3 to 60 months at 1st relapse (median of 12 months) and from 3 to 57 months at 2nd relapse (median of 6 months). No statistically significant differences were observed between the 1st and 2nd relapse groups of @entity1 in terms of response rates or length of effect. CONCLUSION: @entity2816 is highly efficient in the treatment of @entity1582 . The results of study document effectiveness of @entity2816 regardless of the disease stage. Comparison of study data with the results of other studies shows that the effectiveness of lower doses we used is comparable with that of higher doses. The fact that lower doses of @entity2816 reduce the incidence of adverse events is a clear advantage.

title: [Low-dose XXXX in refractory and relapsing @entity1582 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: Our previous results have shown that @entity3485 state induced by @entity548 in young anesthetized @entity35 triggers heterogeneous and dynamic @entity842 synthase (NOS) activation, modulating the cardiovascular response. Involvement of the @entity842 pathway is both isoform-specific and time-dependent. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in activity and protein levels of the different NOS forms, changes in the abundance of caveolin-1 during @entity3485 state and caveolin-1/ @entity2824 association using young and middle-aged @entity35 . Therefore, we studied (i) changes in NOS activity and protein levels and (ii) caveolin-1 abundance, as well as its association with @entity2824 ( @entity2824 ) in ventricles from young and middle-aged @entity35 during @entity3485 state. We used 2-month (young) and 12-month (middle-aged) old male @entity35 . Animals were divided into two groups (n=14/group): (a) sham; (b) hemorrhaged animals (20% @entity190 ). With advancing age, we observed an increase in ventricle NOS activity accompanied by a decrease in @entity2824 and caveolin-1 protein levels, but increased @entity1506 ( @entity1506 ). We also observed that aging is associated with caveolin-1 dissociation from @entity2824 . Myocardia from young and middle-aged @entity35 subjected to @entity548 -induced @entity3485 exhibited an increase in NOS activity and protein levels with a reduction in caveolin-1 abundance, accompanied by a greater dissociation between @entity2824 and its regulatory protein. Further, an increase in @entity1506 protein levels after @entity190 was observed only in middle-aged @entity35 . Our evidence suggests that aging and @entity548 contribute to the development of upregulation in NOS activity. Our findings demonstrate that specific expression patterns of ventricular NOS isoforms, alterations in the amount of caveolin-1 and caveolin-1/ @entity2824 interaction are involved in aged-related adjustment to @entity3485 state.

title: Contribution of caveolin-1 to ventricular @entity842 in age-related adaptation to XXXX state.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'acute hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia', 'hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity3485 :: (MESH:D020896,Disease) :: ['hypovolemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity6942 occurs in approximately 6% of @entity1 in the first year following the initial presentation. A recent study revealed that 25% of @entity1 with recurrence had reinfection rather than a relapse resulting from a failure to cure. The aim of this study was to reevaluate these 2 @entity1 groups to define their individual risk factors. METHODS: All adult @entity1 who presented to Sappasithiprasong Hospital (Ubon Ratchathani, in northeast Thailand) with culture-confirmed @entity6942 during the period 1986-2004 and who survived to receive oral antimicrobial therapy were observed until July 2005. Clinical factors and antimicrobial treatment of @entity1 with @entity66 due to relapse or reinfection, as confirmed by bacterial genotyping, were compared using a time-varying Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Of 889 @entity1 who survived and underwent follow-up, 86 @entity1 (9.7%) presented with relapse, and 30 @entity1 (3.4%) became reinfected. There was no difference in acute outcome between the relapse and reinfection groups. No risk factors for reinfection were identified. Multivariate analyses identified choice and duration of oral antimicrobial therapy as the most important determinants of relapse, followed by positive blood culture result (hazard ratio [HR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-2.92) and multifocal distribution (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.03-3.67). @entity1 treated with an appropriate oral antibiotic regimen for 12-16 weeks had a 90% decreased risk of relapse (HR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.44), compared with @entity1 who were treated for < or = 8 weeks. @entity799 plus @entity3403 was an effective oral therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights clinical factors associated with an increased likelihood of relapse and provides evidence for optimal oral antimicrobial therapy.

title: Risk factors for recurrent XXXX in northeast Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity6942 :: ('MESH:D008554', 'Disease') :: ['melioidosis']

answer: @entity6942 :: (MESH:D008554,Disease) :: ['melioidosis']


abstract: A total of 270 viridans group streptococci (VS) isolated from healthy @entity1 , identified to the species level, were tested for their susceptibilities to @entity114 , @entity2892 , @entity2929 , and @entity2176 . A total of 270 isolates and 1,080 organism-antibiotic combinations were evaluated. The overall susceptibility rates of all isolates obtained by the Etest (ET) versus @entity9913 ( @entity9913 ) were 60.4% versus 61.8% for @entity114 , 63.8% versus 63.9% for erythromycin, 90.6% versus 96% for @entity2176 , and 99.1% versus 96.0% for imipenem, respectively. @entity3173 occurred in the testing of the susceptibility of @entity6586 to @entity2176 , with 59.5% (ET) versus 100% ( @entity9913 ), followed by @entity20842 , with 84.1% versus 100%; @entity9858 , with 82.1% versus 96.4%; and @entity6419 , with 90% versus 100%, respectively. There were also differences in the rates of susceptibility of @entity6586 , 66.5% (ET) versus 85.1% ( @entity9913 ), and @entity2868 , 82.9% versus 72.1%, respectively, to @entity114 . General agreement between the results of ET and @entity9913 was obtained for 973 organism-antibiotic combinations out of 1,080 antibiotic combinations, i.e., 90.1%. Very major errors were found for 6.8% of isolates, and major errors were found for 3.2% of isolates; the minor errors were negligible. Agreement between the results of the two methods was 98.7% for @entity114 , 94.6% for @entity2176 , 96.9% for imipenem, and 99.9% for erythromycin. The highest rate of very major errors was for @entity2176 , at 5.4%. The ET appears to be as efficient as @entity9913 for susceptibility testing of VS, except for @entity2176 , where very major errors in the results were relatively high.

title: Discrepancy in antimicrobial susceptibility test results obtained for oral streptococci with the Etest and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['S. intermedius']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['Major discrepancies']

entities_list: @entity9913 :: ('MESH:C566872', 'Disease') :: ['agar dilution', 'AD']

answer: @entity9913 :: (MESH:C566872,Disease) :: ['agar dilution']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2457 of the anterior condylar confluence ( @entity18136 -DAVF) is a rare subtype of DAVFs that occurs around the hypoglossal canal. Transvenous embolization (TVE) with coils has been performed for most @entity18136 -DAVFs with a high clinical cure rate. However, some reports call attention to @entity6256 associated with TVE due to coil mass compression of the hypoglossal nerve caused by coil deviation from the @entity18136 to the anterior condylar vein (ACV). Herein, we report a case of @entity18136 -DAVF in which an intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CT) contributed to avoiding @entity6256 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 74-year-old man presented with left pulse-synchronous tinnitus. An angiography detected left @entity18136 -DAVF mainly supplied by the left ascending pharyngeal artery and mainly drained through the ACV. The two fistulous points were medial side of the @entity18136 and the venous pouch just cranial of the @entity18136 . We performed TVE detecting the fistulous points by contralateral external carotid angiography (ECAG). The diseased venous pouch and @entity18136 were packed with seven coils but a slight remnant of the DAVF was recognized. Because a cone-beam CT revealed that the coil mass was localized in the lateral lower clivus osseous without deviation to the hypoglossal canal, we finished TVE to avoid @entity6256 . Postoperatively, no complication was observed. No recurrence of symptoms or imaging findings were detected during a five-month follow-up period. CONCLUSION: An intraoperative cone-beam CT contributed to avoiding @entity6256 by estimating the relationship between the coil mass and the hypoglossal canal during TVE of @entity18136 -DAVF.

title: Intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography contributes to avoiding XXXX during transvenous embolization for @entity2457 of the anterior condylar confluence.

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglossal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['Dural arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity6256 :: (MESH:D020437,Disease) :: ['hypoglossal nerve palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity453 ( @entity729 ) is associated with increased @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk. @entity9198 ( @entity9198 ) is an inhibitor of calcification in vivo. However, little is known regarding the distribution of circulating @entity9198 and its associations with @entity301 risk factors or with @entity729 in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum @entity9198 concentrations were determined in 2 independent populations of @entity1 and @entity1 free of clinically apparent @entity65 : study A, n=316, mean age 58 years, and study B, n=452, mean age 68 years. @entity729 was determined by computed tomography. Mean @entity9198 concentrations were 98.4 and 198 ng/mL in @entity1 , and 97.4 and 201 ng/mL in @entity1 , in study A and study B, respectively. In both cohorts, @entity9198 levels were higher with increasing age. In age-adjusted analyses, there was an association of circulating @entity9198 with increasing Framingham @entity301 risk score (in study A, P=0.003 in @entity1 and P=0.016 in @entity1 , respectively; in study B, a nonsignificant increase in @entity1 and P=0.05 in @entity1 , respectively). Significant associations of circulating @entity9198 with high-density lipoprotein and other individual @entity301 risk factors were also noted in both cohorts. There were no consistent associations between @entity9198 and @entity729 after adjustment for @entity301 risk score in the 2 cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9198 is associated with individual @entity301 risk factors and the Framingham @entity301 risk score in @entity1 and @entity1 free of clinically apparent @entity301 . The relation of @entity9198 with @entity729 deserves further study in larger populations.

title: XXXX is associated with risk factors for atherosclerosis but not with @entity729 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity9198 :: ('4256', 'Gene') :: ['MGP', 'Matrix Gla protein']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity9198 :: (4256,Gene) :: ['Matrix Gla protein']


abstract: Nucleic acid interaction with nanoscale objects like @entity505 nanotubes (CNTs) and dendrimers is of fundamental interest because of their potential application in CNT separation, gene therapy and antisense therapy. Combining nucleic acids with CNTs and dendrimers also opens the door towards controllable self-assembly to generate various supra-molecular and nano-structures with desired morphologies. The interaction between these nanoscale objects also serve as a model system for studying DNA compaction, which is a fundamental process in chromatin organization. By using fully atomistic simulations, here we report various aspects of the interactions and binding modes of DNA and small interfering RNA (siRNA) with CNTs, @entity15583 and dendrimers. Our results give a microscopic picture and mechanism of the adsorption of single- and double-strand DNA (ssDNA and dsDNA) on CNT and @entity15583 . The nucleic acid-CNT interaction is dominated by the dispersive @entity558 Waals (vdW) interaction. In contrast, the complexation of DNA (both ssDNA and dsDNA) and siRNA with various generations of @entity21454 ( @entity21455 ) dendrimers is governed by electrostatic interactions. Our results reveal that both the DNA and siRNA form stable complex with the @entity21455 dendrimer at a physiological pH when the dendrimer is positively charged due to the protonation of the @entity2229 . The size and binding energy of the complex increase with increase in dendrimer generation. We also give a summary of the current status in these fields and discuss future prospects.

title: Interaction of nucleic acids with XXXX nanotubes and dendrimers.

entities_list: @entity2229 :: ('CHEBI:32877', 'Chemical') :: ['primary amines']

entities_list: @entity21454 :: ('MESH:C531249', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-amido-amine']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: @entity977 comprise approximately 10-15% of @entity5 and result in morbidity associated with altered hormonal patterns, therapy and compression of adjacent sella turcica structures. The use of functional foods containing @entity21757 contributes to reduce the risk of @entity102 such as @entity5 . In this study, we evaluated the influence of different concentrations of @entity2066 and @entity14319 on cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, hormone secretion, intercellular communication and expression of @entity16899 , @entity34704 and @entity7919 ( @entity7919 ) in ACTH-secreting @entity977 cells, the AtT20 cells, incubated for 48 and 96 h with these @entity21757 . We observed a decrease in cell viability caused by the @entity14319 and @entity2066 treatments; in these conditions, the clonogenic ability of the cells was also significantly decreased. Cell cycle analysis revealed that @entity2066 induced an increase of the cells in S and G2/M phases; furthermore, @entity14319 increased the proportion of these cells in G0/G1 while decreasing the S and G2/M phases. Also, @entity21757 induced apoptosis after 96 h. @entity14319 and @entity2066 decreased the secretion of ACTH in AtT20 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Carotenoids blocked the gap junction intercellular communication. In addition, the treatments increased the expression of phosphorylated @entity16899 . Finally, we also demonstrate decreased expression of @entity34704 ( @entity34704 ) and increased expression of @entity7919 ( @entity7919 ) in carotenoid-treated cells. These results show that @entity14319 and @entity2066 were able to negatively modulate events related to the malignant phenotype of AtT-20 cells, through a mechanism that could involve changes in the expression of @entity16899 , @entity34704 and @entity7919 ( @entity7919 ); and suggest that these compounds might provide a novel pharmacological approach to the treatment of @entity699 .

title: XXXX and @entity2066 induce growth inhibition and proapoptotic effects on ACTH-secreting @entity977 cells.

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tumors', 'cancer and vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity21757 :: ('MESH:C567296', 'Disease') :: ['carotenoids']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity34704 :: ('21402(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['S-phase kinase-associated protein 2', 'Skp2']

entities_list: @entity14319 :: ('MESH:C015329', 'Chemical') :: ['lycopene', 'Lycopene']

answer: @entity14319 :: (MESH:C015329,Chemical) :: ['Lycopene']


abstract: Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are usually used in the development of water quality criteria and require a large number of @entity137 values to define a hazard level to protect the majority of species. However, some @entity137 data for certain chemicals are limited, especially for endangered and threatened species. Thus, it is important to predict the unknown species @entity137 data using available @entity137 data. To address this need, interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models were developed by US EPA to predict acute @entity137 of chemicals to diverse species based on a more limited data set of surrogate species @entity137 data. Use of SSDs generated from ICE models allows for the prediction of protective water quality criteria, such as the HC5 (hazard concentration, 5th percentile). In the present study, we tested this concept using @entity137 data collected for @entity219 . ICE-based-SSDs were generated using three surrogate species ( @entity7136 ( @entity7136 ), @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ), and Daphnia magna) and compared with the measured-based SSD and corresponding HC5. The results showed that no significant differences were observed between the ICE- and the measured-based SSDs and HC5s. Furthermore, the examination of species placements within the SSDs indicated that the most sensitive species to @entity219 were invertebrates, especially crustaceans. Given the similarity of SSD and HC5s for @entity219 , the use of ICE to derive potential water quality criteria for diverse chemicals in China is proposed. Further, a combination of measured and ICE-derived data will prove useful for assessing water quality and chemical risks in the near future.

title: Derivation of freshwater quality criteria for XXXX using interspecies correlation estimation models to protect aquatic life in China.

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['common carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate survival in @entity1 after radical cystectomy (RC) who presented with non-muscle-invasive @entity189 and progressed to @entity11090 during surveillance. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the association between clinical factors before RC and survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 981 consecutive Mayo Clinic RC @entity1 without a history of radiation or systemic chemotherapy were reviewed. Of these, 190 had RC after they progressed from non-muscle invasive disease to @entity11090 (progressed to >= pT2). These @entity1 were compared to 310 @entity1 who had RC before @entity11090 ( <= @entity2558 ), and 481 @entity1 who had @entity11090 at initial presentation (presented with >= pT2). Survival estimates were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test, while adjusted analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS: @entity1 who progressed to @entity11090 on surveillance had a higher risk of @entity204 than @entity1 who initially presented with @entity11090 (overall survival hazard ratio [HR] 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 1.5). The estimated 5-year cancer-specific survival was 85.4% for @entity1 presenting with  <= @entity2558 , 52.9% for @entity1 who progressed to >= pT2, and 62.4% for @entity1 who presented with >= pT2 (P < 0.001). The corresponding 5-year overall survival rates were 70.0%, 42.1%, and 49.5% (P < 0.001). Of the @entity1 who initially presented with non-muscle-invasive disease, progression to @entity11090 was associated with increased risk of @entity5 (adjusted HR 2.38; 95% CI 1.6, 3.5). Lack of information about @entity1 who presented without @entity11090 and never received RC is the major limitation of this study. CONCLUSIONS: Despite close surveillance, many @entity1 who progress to @entity11090 will die from @entity150 . @entity1 who progress to @entity11090 on surveillance seem to have particularly aggressive disease and may benefit from multimodal treatments.

title: Progression to detrusor XXXX during @entity189 surveillance is associated with poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-specific death']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle invasion']

answer: @entity11090 :: (MESH:D019042,Disease) :: ['muscle invasion']


abstract: Newborn hearing screening has been widely implemented to improve outcomes for @entity1 with permanent @entity393 . This study examined benefits beyond those typically measured clinically, by exploring parents' perceptions of the effects of early/late identification of @entity393 . The parents of 17 @entity1 in Ontario, @entity3394 , participated in the study. Seven @entity1 were identified through systematic screening and ten through traditional referral practices. All @entity1 were in oral rehabilitation programs. The study adopted a qualitative approach, examining parent's views through individual interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select a diverse group of parents to allow a broad range of perspectives to emerge. Benefits of early identification included improved communication development and early access to hearing. Negative aspects of late identification included regret for the family and family stress around the @entity1 's language gap. Although, screening programs may offer a seamless transition to audiology services, the transition to intervention services appeared less fluid for some families. Overall, parents strongly support @entity1 hearing screening and identify benefits that are not easily quantifiable through traditional clinical measures.

title: Parents' perspectives on the impact of the early diagnosis of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the occurrence of continued intermittent @entity10 and chronic @entity2794 in @entity1 with @entity542 and the relationship between severity of the @entity10 problem and intensity of the @entity542 . BACKGROUND: In the majority of @entity1 with @entity10 , the condition is self-limited, but a minority of @entity1 may develop persistent @entity10 . The features of @entity10 may vary, but the most distressing type is the chronic @entity2794 . This study evaluates occurrence of chronic @entity2794 in relation to the intensity of @entity542 . METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity542 who were seen by the senior author (J.R.C.) in the @entity910 ( @entity910 ) Neurology Clinic between 1980 and 1991 were identified from the @entity910 @entity10 registry. Data on @entity10 status before and after @entity542 was obtained, and @entity1 with more than one @entity10 per week before @entity542 were excluded. Each @entity1 's @entity10 status at the time of the clinic visit was classified as chronic @entity2794 ( @entity10 occurring at least 5 of 7 days for 6 months), intermittent @entity2704 , or no @entity10 . @entity542 severity was graded by duration of @entity909 or @entity2730 as minimal (less than 5 minutes), mild (5 to 60 minutes), moderate (1 to 24 hours), or severe (more than 24 hours). RESULTS: There was an inverse relation between extent of @entity542 and occurrence of chronic @entity2794 . For minimal @entity542 (n = 54), 80% had chronic @entity2794 , and 11% had no @entity10 , while for moderate/severe @entity542 (n = 23), only 27% had chronic @entity2794 , and 68% had no @entity10 (P<.001, chi2). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the risk of developing posttraumatic chronic @entity2794 is greater for less severe @entity542 compared with moderate/severe @entity542 . The reason for this relation is unclear.

title: @entity2794 in the posttrauma syndrome: relation to extent of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['SIUMS', 'Southern Illinois University Medical School']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['daily headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic headache', 'headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: Although overexpression of @entity1365 @entity413 transporter has already been reported in @entity1 @entity5 , the mechanism of @entity413 entry into @entity788 remains unknown. To evaluate the relationship between @entity1365 @entity413 transporters and FDG uptake, FDG-PET was performed in 34 preoperative @entity1 (mean age, 60.9 yr) with suspected @entity788 , including 28 @entity5 . METHODS: FDG uptake at 50 min after injection of 185 MBq of @entity419 with >5 hr of fasting was semiquantitatively analyzed as standardized uptake values (SUVs). The @entity1365 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry of paraffin sections from these @entity5 after operation using anti- @entity44461 antibodies to obtain immunohistochemical grading ("strong," "weak" and "negative") by three experienced physicians. RESULTS: Of 26 @entity5 proved by histological examination, 23 (88%) @entity5 were positive for the expression of @entity1365 @entity413 transporter, and 17 (61%) showed strong expression. On the other hand, 13 (46%), 0 (0%), 9 (36%) and 13 (46%) @entity5 were positive for the expression of @entity44462 @entity413 transporters, respectively. Three of six @entity5 showed strong @entity1365 expression. Concerning @entity44462 , only one @entity5 showed positive @entity42436 expression. Thus, @entity1365 showed relatively high sensitivity but low specificity (50%) for detecting @entity5 , whereas @entity44462 had lower sensitivities but higher specificities. Correlations between SUVs and grading of @entity1365 immunoreactivity were significant in @entity1365 (strong, 4.49 +/- 2.95; weak, 3.42 +/- 1.21; negative, 2.52 +/- 0.84) (p < 0.05) but not in the remaining four @entity1365 transporters. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that @entity1365 has a significant role in the malignant @entity413 metabolism and may contribute to the increased uptake of FDG in PET imaging in @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: Expression of @entity413 transporters in XXXX @entity788 compared with increased FDG accumulation in PET study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor', 'pancreatic tumors', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'benign tumor', 'cancers', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'malignant and 6 benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the continuous efforts to improve the quality of life of Orang Asli (Aborigines) communities, these communities are still plagued with a wide range of health problems including parasitic @entity281 . The first part of this study aimed at determining the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) @entity281 and identifying their associated factors among rural Orang Asli @entity1 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 484 Orang Asli @entity1 aged  <= 15 years (235 females and 249 males) belonging to 215 households from 13 villages in Lipis district, Pahang, Malaysia. Faecal samples were collected and examined by using @entity406 -ether sedimentation, Kato Katz and Harada Mori techniques. Demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural information were collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, 78.1% of the @entity1 were found to be infected with one or more STH species. The prevalence of @entity18802 , @entity2329 and @entity5293 were 71.7%, 37.4% and 17.6%, respectively. Almost all, three quarters and one fifth of @entity18802 , @entity2329 and @entity5293 , respectively, were of moderate-to-heavy intensities. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age of   >=    6   years (school-age), using unsafe water supply as a source for drinking water, absence of a toilet in the house, large family size (>=  7 members), not washing hands before eating, and not washing hands after defecation were the key factors significantly associated with STH among these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study reveals an alarmingly high prevalence of STH among Orang Asli @entity1 and clearly brings out an urgent need to implement school-based de-worming programmes and other control measures like providing a proper sanitation, as well as a treated drinking water supply and proper health education regarding good personal hygiene practices. Such an integrated control program will help significantly in reducing the prevalence and intensity of STH in Orang Asli communities.

title: Towards an effective control programme of soil-transmitted helminth XXXX among Orang Asli in rural Malaysia. Part 1: prevalence and associated key factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5293 :: ('MESH:D006725', 'Disease') :: ['hookworm infections']

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity18802 :: ('MESH:D014257', 'Disease') :: ['trichuriasis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: Using gas chromatography it was shown that @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) was present in both etiolated and green oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Diadem) seedlings. In etiolated seedlings the @entity1617 level was low, but increased rapidly during exposure to sunlight and red light (RL). The stimulative influence of RL was reversed by far-red light (FRL). The RL- and FRL- changes in @entity1617 level were correlated to changes in @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) localization. Using Karnovsky's method, it was found that in the etiolated coleoptiles the products of enzymatic reaction showing @entity10810 activity accumulated selectively on the external side of plasma membrane. After exposure of seedlings to RL @entity10810 activity disappeared. Subsequent FRL made it reappear on the external side of the plasma membrane. When the plants became green, oscillations of @entity1617 were clearly observable. For plants grown under a LD 16:8 cycle the changes were circadian.

title: Oscillations of XXXX in oat seedlings.

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase', 'AChE']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Purpose: To investigate the association between @entity10691 ( @entity13962 ) and neovascular activity in @entity2479 ( @entity2479 ) during anti- @entity7 treatment. Methods: Ninety-one @entity2479 eyes (74 @entity1 ) treated with anti- @entity7 on an as-needed basis for at least 3 years were evaluated. Development of @entity13962 , area of @entity13962 , and injection numbers were assessed. Results: Eighteen eyes that developed @entity82 or massive @entity548 were excluded. Forty-four eyes (60%) developed @entity13962 ( @entity13962 group), and 29 eyes (40%) did not develop @entity13962 ( @entity13962 ) at year 3. The mean injection number continuously decreased in the @entity13962 group (5.1, 3.1, and 1.9 at years 1, 2, and 3, respectively, P < 0.01, < 0.01), but did not decrease at year 3 in the @entity13962 (4.6, 3.5, and 3.3 at years 1, 2, and 3, respectively, P < 0.01, = 0.64). In both groups, best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly at year 1 and declined to baseline level at year 3. During the entire follow-up (mean of 48.5 months), 57 eyes developed @entity13962 . In those eyes, number of injections per year before and after the development of @entity13962 was 4.5 and 2.1 (P < 0.01), and showed continuous decline after @entity13962 development as the area of @entity13962 progressed at a rate of 1.85 mm2 per year. Conclusions: The activity of @entity2479 lesion requiring anti- @entity7 treatment diminished as @entity13962 developed and progressed. Identification of @entity13962 and its progression provides further information to tailor anti- @entity7 treatment for each @entity1 .

title: @entity10691 and Activity of Neovascularization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous scar']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal angiomatous proliferation', 'RAP']

entities_list: @entity10691 :: ('MESH:D057092', 'Disease') :: ['geographic atrophy']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Changes in plasma osmolality may occur during acute @entity281 due to @entity2700 (loss of water and/or electrolytes). Depending on whether the water and electrolyte deficit is primary, or a proportional loss of water and electrolytes, @entity2700 can be classified into three categories: hypertonic, @entity2421 and isotonic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty (30) @entity1 with @entity6766 were included in this research. All @entity1 were hospitalized because of frequent @entity391 , with resultant @entity2700 . A diagnosis of @entity6766 was made based on the clinical picture, short incubation period and positive epidemiological history. Plasma osmolality was measured by a freezing point @entity308 with an osmometer, while effective plasma osmolality was determined by using the following formula: EPO (eff. plasma osmolality) = 2 x serum @entity1372 concentration + serum @entity413 level. Apart from plasma osmolality, other parameters were also measured in @entity1 ' sera: @entity1372 , @entity2865 , @entity972 , @entity1133 , @entity413 and hematocrit. In order to follow-up the changes in these parameters, they were also measured after treatment of the @entity344 . Statistical analysis was performed using the equality of mean values for 2 basic groups. RESULTS: The statistical results showed that the values of total and effective plasma osmolality (TPO and EPO) among @entity1 with @entity344 were not significantly higher than values after the @entity281 . DISCUSSION: Such results suggest that @entity6766 is associated with disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism, that is @entity2700 .

title: [Changes in plasma osmolality in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['isotonic type of dehydration', 'dehydration']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food poisoning']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders', 'gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['alimentary infection', 'intestinal infections']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity6766 :: (MESH:D005517,Disease) :: ['food poisoning']