abstract: BACKGROUND: Peak @entity26 consumption ( @entity4962 ) is routinely assessed in @entity1 with @entity712 undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the prognostic ability of several established peak Vo(2) prediction equations in a large @entity712 cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: One thousand one hundred sixty-five subjects (70% males; age, 57.0+/-13.8 years; @entity63 etiology, 43%) diagnosed with @entity712 underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Percent-predicted peak Vo(2) was calculated according to normative values proposed by Wasserman and Hansen (equation), Jones et al (equation), the Cooper Clinic (below low fitness threshold), a Veteran's Administration male referral data set (4 equations), and the St James Take Heart Project for @entity1 (equation). The prognostic significance of percent-predicted @entity4962 values derived from the 2 latter, sex-specific equations were assessed collectively. There were 179 major @entity299 (117 deaths, 44 heart transplantations, and 18 left ventricular assist device implantations) during the 2-year tracking period (annual event rate, 10%). Measured peak @entity4962 and all percent-predicted peak Vo(2) calculations were significant univariate predictors of adverse events (chi(2)> or =31.9, P<0.001) and added prognostic value to ventilatory efficiency (VE/Vco(2) slope), the strongest cardiopulmonary exercise testing predictor of adverse events (chi(2)=150.7, P<0.001), in a multivariate regression. The Wasserman/Hansen prediction equation provided optimal prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: Actual peak @entity4962 and the percent-predicted models included in this analysis all were significant predictors of adverse events. It seems that the percent-predicted peak Vo(2) value derived from the Wasserman/Hansen equations may outperform other expressions of this cardiopulmonary exercise testing variable.

title: Determining the preferred percent-predicted equation for peak @entity26 consumption in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The FRAX software developed by the World Health Organization provides a method to estimate @entity174 probability of old @entity1 and @entity1 based on their @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and clinical risk factors (CRFs). The validity of 4 selected ethnic-specific FRAX tools in determining prevalent @entity174 or treatment decisions in a group of postmenopausal @entity1 from @entity3595 Lanka was examined. @entity1 with a history of @entity174 /s and those who were detected to have femoral neck T-score<2.5 were considered eligible for specific @entity170 treatment. Ten-year all @entity3604 (vertebral and nonvertebral) probability (10y-AOFP) of 481 postmenopausal @entity1 were estimated on US Caucasian, US Asian, Japanese, and Chinese FRAX tools, first using CRFs alone and then combining with femoral neck T-scores. At 20% 10y-AOFP, Chinese tool showed a very low sensitivity in detecting prevalent @entity174 or detecting @entity1 needing intervention (1.3%). Sensitivities observed with US Asian and Japanese tools ranged from 33% to 42%, showing their limitations in predicting prevalent @entity174 in this group of @entity1 . The US Caucasian tool, either with CRFs alone or with @entity79 incorporated, showed a relatively higher sensitivity in detecting @entity174 or identifying those needing interventions (71% and 76%, respectively). Furthermore, the US Caucasian tool showed a relatively high specificity (ranging from 70% to 87%). In conclusion, this analysis showed the limitations of the current FRAX tools in predicting @entity174 when applied to a different ethnic group. Until a separate FRAX tool is developed, the US Caucasian tool can be used to predict @entity174 in @entity3595 Lankan postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Application of FRAX model to @entity3595 Lankan postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Aggressive treatment for @entity5 of the biliary tract has resulted in an increased incidence of @entity10577 . We retrospectively studied risk factors for and clinical findings of the @entity5572 . METHODOLOGY: The subjects were 45 @entity1 who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (group A), 38 @entity1 who underwent liver resection with biliary-intestinal @entity254 (group B), and 55 @entity1 who underwent biliary-intestinal @entity254 alone (group C) during the past 13 years. We retrospectively studied risk factors by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: @entity5572 occurred in 6 @entity1 in group A and 4 in group B. No @entity1 developed @entity5572 in group C. The incidence of @entity5572 was significantly higher in groups A and B than in group C (p = 0.0068 and p = 0.0253, respectively). The incidence was significantly higher in @entity1 who underwent @entity254 with @entity1157 (p = 0.0264). The incidence was significantly higher in @entity1 with vascular reconstruction (p = 0.0254). @entity733 or biliary drainage and administration of antibiotics were performed. Five @entity1 died secondary to @entity881 . CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatoduodenectomy or liver resection with biliary-intestinal @entity254 , @entity254 with @entity1157 , and vascular reconstruction are risk factors for refractory @entity5572 after biliary-intestinal @entity254 .

title: Risk factors for and clinical findings of @entity5572 after biliary-intestinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['Liver abscess', 'liver abscess', 'liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['subsegmental bile ducts']

entities_list: @entity10577 :: ('MESH:D046290', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Medullary reticular stimulation can activate deep back muscle EMG in @entity4774 -anesthetized female @entity35 . Midbrain central gray stimulation can facilitate brainstem reticular control over deep back muscles. Since these deep back muscles lateral longissimus (LL) and medial longissimus (ML) execute the vertebral dorsiflexion of @entity146 , and since the motor control hierarchy sketched above @entity1515 behavior circuitry, we tested the hypothesis that @entity1640 (which, in behavioral experiments, decrease @entity1515 ) can also reduce medullary reticular activation of deep back muscle EMG. @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 were tested systematically for amplitude of lateral longissimus (LL) and medial longissimus (ML) EMG responses to electrical stimulus trains applied to the nucleus gigantocellularis (NGC) of the medullary reticular formation, before and after electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (n = 18) or control sites (n = 30). Bilateral @entity1640 were able to greatly reduce EMG responses in LL and ML, often with a time course similar to previous @entity1515 behavioral results. Surprisingly, lesions at the anterior ventromedial nucleus pole were particularly effective, and may reflect importance of intraventromedial local neurons. Although, on the average, various control lesions were less effective, the ventromedial hypothalamic effect was not unique. For example, it was possible to see an EMG decrease following lesions of the dorsomedial thalamus. Nevertheless, EMG loss was not well correlated with changes in the cortical EEG, and thus does not appear to be a simple consequence of changes in "arousal." In conclusion, it appears that ventromedial hypothalamic neurons can affect medullary reticular control of back muscle EMG, but must share this role with other forebrain elements.

title: XXXX effects on medullary reticular activation of deep back muscle EMG.

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['medial hypothalamic lesions', 'ventromedial hypothalamic lesions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis behavior']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['Urethane', 'urethane']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'parallels lordosis']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['Hypothalamic']


abstract: Many new targeted anticancer drugs have been developed. In order for these drugs to be effective, the @entity5 target has to be present during treatment. Currently there are only a few biomarkers available to help the physician select the appropriate targeted drug for the @entity1 and often @entity5 tissue is required for biomarker assays. Immunoscintigraphy might be able to improve diagnostic imaging, to guide antibody based therapy and to support early antibody development. Many different radiopharmaceuticals have been developed and used to visualize all kind of different targets especially in oncology. Intact radiolabeled antibodies generally show high @entity5 uptake but low @entity5 , particularly at early time points. Radiolabeled antibody fragments and proteins show widely differing values for @entity5 uptake and @entity5 -to-blood contrast. One of the promising targets for visualization might be @entity1722 / @entity1722 . @entity1722 /neu scans may prove useful for @entity5 staging, guiding of targeted therapy and measuring target occupancy in early drug development. Immunoscintigraphic clinical studies performed with intact antibodies indicate that @entity1722 /neu imaging is feasible. Additional research will be performed to prove its value and make this technique applicable on a larger scale. The aim of this review is to describe the types of radiopharmaceuticals that are available, and the potential role of immunoscintigraphy in improving diagnostic imaging, guiding monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy and supporting the development of mAb-based drugs using the @entity1722 target as an example.

title: Immunoscintigraphy as potential tool in the clinical evaluation of @entity1722 / XXXX targeted therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor-to-blood ratios']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['neu']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of @entity129 due to @entity130 or other causes has been carried out since ages with a wide variety of materials. The aim of reconstruction was mainly to restore cosmesis and protect the brain from further injury. However, recent studies have shown that cranioplasty not only improves the cerebral blood flow but also leads to improvement of cognitive functions. The materials used include autologous bone, allogeneic bone, xenografts, and alloplasts. The search for an ideal material continues. The authors present their experience with cranioplasty using prefabricated porous @entity691 implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 requiring cranioplasty for reconstruction of large sized (more than 15cm in any 1 dimension) @entity129 were selected. Three @entity1 were @entity1 and 2 were @entity1 . The age group of the @entity1 ranged from 18 to 58 years. Preformed Biopore Hemisphere was used in every @entity1 for cranial reconstruction. RESULTS: No complications were seen in our @entity1 . One @entity1 who had undergone @entity702 cranioplasty previously showed remarkable improvement in cognitive functions. CONCLUSION: Porous @entity691 prefabricated implants are a good restorative material for reconstruction of large @entity129 .

title: Cranioplasty of Large Cranial Defects With Porous XXXX Implants.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial defects']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['Polyethylene']


abstract: Between July 1973 and September 1988, 119 @entity1 with @entity157 underwent hepatic resection at Keio University Hospital, Tokyo. Hepatic resection was performed not only for @entity1 with @entity1575 and @entity3883 but also for @entity1 with @entity1442 . Eighty (67.2%) of the 119 @entity1 had @entity1575 and four @entity1 @entity3883 . Two or more segments of the liver were resected in 56 (47.0%) @entity1 , 29 of whom had @entity1575 . Eleven @entity1 died within 30 days after surgery, an operative mortality rate of 9.2%. Seven additional @entity1 could not be discharged from the hospital, resulting in a hospital death rate of 5.9%. Seventeen of these 18 @entity1 had @entity82 . Selection of @entity1 with sufficient reserve function of the remaining liver portion, caused a great reduction of the incidence of @entity204 . The 5-year actuarial survival rate for the 101 @entity1 who were discharged from the hospital was 39%, and 13 @entity1 lived longer than 5 years, the longest survival period being 13 years 10 months. @entity157 is amenable to hepatic resection if @entity1 with sufficient reserve function of the liver are selected.

title: Hepatic resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['had obstructive jaundice', 'obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity571 of the knee involving predominantly the medial tibiofemoral compartment is common in older @entity1 , giving rise to @entity158 and loss of function. Many @entity1 experience progressive @entity66 over time, particularly those with @entity893 and increased medial knee joint load. Therefore, interventions that can reduce excessive medial knee loading may be beneficial in reducing the risk of structural progression. Traditional quadriceps strengthening can improve @entity158 and function in @entity1 with knee @entity571 but does not appear to reduce medial knee load. A neuromuscular exercise program, emphasising optimal alignment of the trunk and lower limb joints relative to one another, as well as quality of movement performance, while dynamically and functionally strengthening the lower limb muscles, may be able to reduce medial knee load. Such a program may also be superior to traditional quadriceps strengthening with respect to improved @entity158 and physical function because of the functional and dynamic nature. This randomised controlled trial will investigate the effect of a neuromuscular exercise program on medial knee joint loading, @entity158 and function in individuals with medial knee joint @entity571 . We hypothesise that the neuromuscular program will reduce medial knee load as well as @entity158 and functional limitations to a greater extent than a traditional quadriceps strengthening program. METHODS/DESIGN: 100 @entity1 with medial knee @entity158 , radiographic medial compartment @entity571 and @entity893 will be recruited and randomly allocated to one of two 12-week exercise programs: quadriceps strengthening or neuromuscular exercise. Each program will involve 14 supervised exercise sessions with a physiotherapist plus four unsupervised sessions per week at home. The primary outcomes are medial knee load during walking (the peak external knee adduction moment from 3D gait analysis), @entity158 , and self-reported physical function measured at baseline and immediately following the program. Secondary outcomes include the external knee adduction moment angular impulse, electromyographic muscle activation patterns, knee and hip muscle strength, balance, functional ability, and quality-of-life. DISCUSSION: The findings will help determine whether neuromuscular exercise is superior to traditional quadriceps strengthening regarding effects on knee load, @entity158 and physical function in @entity1 with @entity626 and @entity893 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry reference: ACTRN12610000660088.

title: Comparison of neuromuscular and quadriceps strengthening exercise in the treatment of varus malaligned knees with XXXX : a randomised controlled trial protocol.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['medial knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['worsening of the disease']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['varus malalignment']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['medial knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Further cases of novel @entity683 A (H1N1) outbreak are expected in the coming months. Vaccination has been proven to be essential to control a pandemic of @entity683 ; therefore, considerable efforts and resources have been devoted to develop a vaccine against the @entity778 . With the current availability of the vaccine, it will be important to immunize as many @entity1 as possible. However, previous data with seasonal @entity683 vaccines have shown that there are multiple barriers related to perceptions and attitudes of the population that influence vaccine use. The aim of the study was to evaluate the acceptance of a newly developed vaccine against pandemic (H1N1) 2009 @entity683 A among healthcare workers (HCW) in Mexico. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among HCW in three hospitals in the two largest cities in Mexico-Mexico City and Guadalajara-between June and September 2009. RESULTS: A total of 1097 HCW participated in the survey. Overall, 80% (n = 880) intended to accept the H1N1 pandemic vaccine and 71.6% (n = 786) reported they would recommend the vaccine to their @entity1 . Doctors were more likely to accept and recommend the vaccine than nurses. HCWs who intend to be immunized will be more likely to do so if they know that the vaccine is safe and effective. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the willingness to accept the vaccine can be used to plan strategies that will effectively respond to the needs of the population studied, reducing the health and economic impact of novel @entity778 .

title: Acceptance of a vaccine against novel XXXX among health care workers in two major cities in Mexico.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A (H1N1) virus']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['influenza A (H1N1) virus']


abstract: Fifty-two cases of acute phase @entity510 were studied by brain CT scanning to determine the presence and incidence of @entity63 @entity296 , the relationship between @entity63 change and severity, disease prognosis, and the relationship between acute phase circulatory dynamics and so-called @entity3126 . In all cases, ECGs were carried out and CPK-MB determined. Some of the @entity1 underwent Tl myocardial scintigraphy, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, as well as circulatory dynamic investigation (by Swan-Ganz catheter) and arterial blood gas analysis. In 31 of the 52 cases (59.6%), 3-day ECG series revealed @entity63 changes. These findings were backed up by other cardiac function tests, thus suggesting that @entity741 was present. Results in cases undergoing cardiac catheterization revealed that the @entity741 changes were not due to organic constriction of the coronary artery. Included in those cases in which ECG markedly changed and CPK-MB rose substantially were many @entity1 for whom the prognosis was poor. Evaluation of respiratory function and circulatory dynamics in cases of so-called @entity3126 seemed to indicate decline in cardiac function owing to @entity741 change. This could account for onset of symptoms. These findings support the need for adequate circulatory management in cases of acute @entity510 with @entity3126 and/or changes on ECG. In such cases, concurrent catheterization and cerebral angiography (cerebro-cardiac catheterization: CCC) proved effective for evaluating cardiac function and determining whether @entity299 was also present.

title: [ XXXX in acute phase @entity510 : clinical study of 52 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial disorder']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic pulmonary edema', 'pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Ischemic myocardial disorder']


abstract: The high prevalence of @entity1643 and increasing demand for surgery necessitate an efficient use of resources. The current study repeated a 1996 study to determine any changes in referral patterns. A seven-week prospective study included @entity1 @entity615 to spine surgeons in one centre. Demographic data, referral letters, wait times, investigations prior to the visit and visit outcomes were collected. Of 160 @entity1 , 5% were excluded from the study due to incomplete data. The mean age was 53 years, 53% were female and 11% had @entity1538 cases. Compared with 1996, family physicians continue to refer the majority of @entity1 and the average wait time increased from 10 to 13 weeks currently. The proportions of @entity1 with @entity158 in the leg or back were similar to 1996. The most common investigation ordered prior to the visit was magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 73%), then computed tomography (CT, 41%) and radiography (39%), whereas in 1996, radiography was the most common (68%), then CT (37%) and MRI (11%). However, the number of surgical candidates remained relatively stable, at 19% in 1996 and 16% currently. The most common visit outcome was a diagnosis of @entity1118 not amenable to surgery (34%), which had increased from 25% in 1996. Imaging is not an effective method of screening for surgical candidates as the decision to offer surgery is based more on the clinical picture. More resources should be dedicated to @entity1118 management and improved screening to redirect the increased number of non-surgical @entity1 with @entity1118 .

title: Changes in referral pattern to a surgeon for XXXX : 1996 versus 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back problems']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ["ongoing workers' compensation"]

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['referred for back pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: We report here the results of the first multiinstitutional prospective evaluation of @entity1 considered to have potentially resectable hepatic metastases from @entity14 . One hundred fifty-six @entity1 were enrolled from 15 institutions. Six @entity1 were subsequently excluded. One hundred fifty @entity1 underwent surgery and are evaluable for analysis (median follow-up time, 3.1 years; range, 4 months to 5.1 years). Curative resection could be performed on 46% of @entity1 (69 of 150), noncurative resection on 12% (18 of 150), while 42% were found to be unresectable (63 of 150). Thirty-day surgical mortality and morbidity rates in @entity1 with attempted resection were 2.7% and 13%, respectively. The curative resection group was observed to have an improved median survival (37.1 months) compared with the noncurative resection group (21.2 months) and the unresectable group (16.5 months) (P less than .01). Computed tomographic (CT) scan was a poor predictor for resectability, and age was not a contraindication to curative resection. Preoperative @entity787 ( @entity787 ) values were also a poor predictor for resectability. However, the median @entity787 value 61 to 180 days postsurgery was significantly higher in unresectable @entity1 compared with median @entity787 levels in noncuratively and curatively resected groups (P less than .01). Our results imply that curative resection leads to an increase in median survival. Noncurative resection provides no benefit to asymptomatic @entity1 , since unresectable and noncurative resection groups have similar life expectancies. Longer follow-up will be needed to demonstrate the ultimate impact of curative resection on survival.

title: A prospective evaluation of hepatic resection for XXXX metastases to the liver: Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group Protocol 6584.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To elaborate molecular differences between choroidal and retinal angiogenesis by generating and comparatively analysing @entity1 primary @entity989 . METHODS: @entity1 CEC and REC were isolated by positive selection and were cultured. Characterization was performed by immunostaining for endothelial cell (EC)-specific markers. Total RNA and protein were extracted from normoxic or @entity519 CEC and REC cultures. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays were used to comparatively analyse 133 genes between CEC and REC, and the expression differences were calculated by     Ct method. A total of 57 angiogenesis-related protein expression differences were investigated by Western blot and proteome profiler and were calculated by densitometry. RESULTS: Primary @entity1 CEC and REC lines stained positively for all EC markers and demonstrated high purity with similar staining and morphology. Under normoxia, CEC showed significantly lower expression levels for cell proliferation and vessel maturation genes and higher expression levels for @entity32 -related genes when compared to REC. In response to @entity519 , CEC and REC displayed differential regulation for a multitude of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins. Furthermore, within the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) family, CEC showed preferential upregulation for @entity7 ( @entity7 ) while REC upregulated @entity7309 ( @entity7309 ) levels. CONCLUSION: Differential normoxic and @entity519 regulation of angiogenesis-related factors by CEC and REC outlines tissue heterogeneity of @entity2194 and suggests that tissue specificity should be considered as a novel treatment modality for successfully overcoming @entity989 in the clinic.

title: Differential @entity519 response of @entity1 choroidal and retinal endothelial cells proposes tissue heterogeneity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7309 :: ('5228', 'Gene') :: ['placenta growth factor', 'PlGF']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFA', 'vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF', 'vascular endothelial growth factor A']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal and retinal endothelial cell (CEC and REC) lines', 'choroidal and retinal angiogenic conditions']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular angiogenesis']


abstract: @entity573 ( @entity573 ) is a syndrome characterized by various degrees of @entity1333 in small-and medium-sized arteries. We discussed the characteristic manifestations and prognosis of 5 @entity573 @entity1 (male 3, female 2) with @entity5422 in the acute stage. The incidence was 3.7% (5 of 138 @entity1 ) in our institute. The age of onset was between 3 months and 15 months. The clinical manifestations included disturbance of consciousness and @entity410 ; disturbance of consciousness developed in all @entity1 in the early acute stage. The duration was between 2 and 11 days; @entity410 developed as status convulsions in two. Electroencephalograms (EEG) demonstrated certain abnormalities in 2 of 4 @entity1 studied. Computed-tomographic scanning (CT scan) revealed fluid collection in the frontal extracerebral space, and monocyte-predominant pleocytosis was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in all 5 @entity1 studied. The age of onset in the 5 @entity573 @entity1 was significantly earlier than that in non-complicated cases (n = 138, P less than 0.01). Blood hemoglobin (P less than 0.05) and hematocrit (P less than 0.05), serum total protein (P less than 0.01), and serum @entity2313 levels (P less than 0.01) were also significantly lower. Moreover the period until CRP values turned negative was significantly longer (P less than 0.05) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in these 5 @entity1 . It was considered that @entity5422 in @entity573 may develop in cases having more severe and prolonged inflammatory changes; the clinical findings revealed a serious form of @entity573 . We suggest that this might because by @entity1333 of small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules, which consists of infiltration of lymphocytes and large mononuclear cells, and @entity4 . There was no neurological sequela in 4 of the 5 @entity1 . However, one @entity1 was found to have hearing difficulty 3 years after the onset. Therefore, the prognosis of @entity5422 in @entity573 was considered to be generally favorable.

title: [ @entity5422 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: Two field trials were conducted to evaluate if filth @entity238 trap efficacy was increased by augmentation with an insecticide application to the trap's exterior. Four @entity238 Terminator Pro traps (Farnam Companies, Inc, Phoenix, AZ) baited with Terminator @entity238 Attractant (in water) were suspended on @entity2634 pipe framing at a municipal waste transfer site in Clay County, Florida. The outer surfaces of 2 traps were treated with Maxforce @entity238 Spot Bait (Bayer Environmental Science, Research Triangle Park, NC) (10% @entity5051 ) to compare kill rates between treated and untreated traps. Kill consisted of total flies collected from inside traps and from mesh nets suspended beneath all traps, both treated and untreated. Each of 2 treated and untreated traps was rotated through 4 trap sites every 24 hrs. In order to evaluate operational utility and conservation of supplies during remote contingency operations, @entity238 attractant remained in traps for the duration of the first trial but was changed daily during the second trial (following manufacturer's recommendations). In addition,    strength Terminator @entity238 Attractant was used during the first trial and traps were set at full strength during the second trial. Flies collected within the traps and in mesh netting were counted and identified. Three species, Musca domestica (L.), Chrysomya megacephala (F.), and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann), comprised the majority of samples in both trials. The net samples recovered more flies when the outer surface was treated with @entity5051 , however, treated traps collected fewer flies inside the trap than did untreated traps for both trials. No significant statistical advantage was found in treating @entity238 Terminator Pro trap exteriors with Maxforce @entity238 Spot Bait. However, reducing manufacturer's recommended strength of Terminator @entity238 Attractant showed similar results to traps set at full strength. Treating the outer surfaces may improve kill of @entity238 species that do not enter the trap. Terminator @entity238 Attractant was also found to be more effective if traps were not changed daily and left to hold dead flies for longer periods.

title: Evaluation of XXXX -treated traps as an attract and kill system for filth flies during contingency operations.

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity5051 :: ('MESH:C082359', 'Chemical') :: ['imidacloprid']

answer: @entity5051 :: (MESH:C082359,Chemical) :: ['imidacloprid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To ascertain if @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) of kidney cells is present in severe @entity548 and to investigate whether @entity35983 (PD) can attenuate @entity2383 and its protective mechanisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) from @entity35 kidneys experiencing @entity8682 and a cell line (HK-2) under @entity519 /reoxygenation (H/R) treatment were used. Morphology and function of mitochondria in isolated RTECs or cultured @entity1 cells were evaluated, accompanied by mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins. RESULT: Severe @entity2383 was found in @entity35 kidneys, especially in RTECs, as evidenced by swollen mitochondria and poorly defined cristae, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (    m), and reduced @entity855 content. PD treatment @entity2383 partially and inhibited expression of proapoptotic proteins. PD treatment increased @entity19310 activity and decreased acetylated- @entity10740 levels. @entity13738 was abolished partially when the @entity19310 inhibitor @entity35984 was added. Similar phenomena were shown in the H/R cell model; when pifithrin-a ( @entity10740 inhibitor) was added to the PD/ @entity35984 group, considerable therapeutic effects were regained compared with the PD group apart from increased @entity19310 activity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2383 is present in severe @entity8682 , and PD can attenuate @entity2383 of RTECs via the @entity19310 - @entity10740 pathway. PD might be a promising therapeutic drug for @entity810 .

title: @entity35983 Protecting Kidneys against XXXX Shock-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction via @entity19310 Activation and @entity10740 Deacetylation.

entities_list: @entity35983 :: ('MESH:C058229', 'Chemical') :: ['polydatin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal injury']

entities_list: @entity13738 :: ('MESH:C564221', 'Disease') :: ['Beneficial effect of PD']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'attenuated MD', 'MD']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhagic']


abstract: MOTIVATION: ChIP-seq and ChIP-chip experiments have been widely used to identify @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) binding sites and target genes. Conventionally, a fairly 'simple' approach is employed for target gene identification e.g. finding genes with binding sites within 2 kb of a @entity1021 ( @entity1021 ). However, this does not take into account the number of sites upstream of the @entity1021 , their exact positioning or the fact that different TFs appear to act at different characteristic distances from the @entity1021 . RESULTS: Here we propose a probabilistic model called target identification from profiles ( @entity5936 ) that quantitatively measures the regulatory relationships between TFs and target genes. For each @entity4059 , our model builds a characteristic, averaged profile of binding around the @entity1021 and then uses this to weight the sites associated with a given gene, providing a continuous-valued 'regulatory' score relating each @entity4059 and potential target. Moreover, the score can readily be turned into a ranked list of target genes and an estimate of significance, which is useful for case-dependent downstream analysis. CONCLUSION: We show the advantages of @entity5936 by comparing it to the 'simple' approach on several representative datasets, using motif occurrence and relationship to knock-out experiments as metrics of validation. Moreover, we show that the probabilistic model is not as sensitive to various experimental parameters (including sequencing depth and peak-calling method) as the simple approach; in fact, the lesser dependence on sequencing depth potentially utilizes the result of a ChIP-seq experiment in a more 'cost-effective' manner. CONTACT: mark.gerstein@yale.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

title: XXXX : a probabilistic method for identifying @entity4059 target genes from ChIP-seq binding profiles.

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['transcription start site', 'TSS']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['transcription factor', 'TF']

answer: @entity5936 :: (261726,Gene) :: ['TIP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1725 is a rare clinical entity in which the peritoneal surfaces and omentum are involved with diffuse gelatinous mucinous implants. It originates from @entity5 of the appendix or ovary. METHODS: The authors examined the experience with 34 @entity1 with @entity1725 peritonei seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1952-1989. Of these, 17 cases were identified to be of appendiceal origin. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent celiotomy and cytoreduction. The median survival time from diagnosis was 75 months. It was found that long-term survival can be achieved by operation alone. When conditions do recur, chemotherapy may be valuable. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1725 of appendiceal origin is a rare low-grade @entity5 . Initial treatment consists of cytoreduction in an attempt to render the @entity1 locally disease-free. Long-term survival can be obtained by operation alone, even if gross disease is present at the end of the procedure. Systemic chemotherapy should be reserved for @entity1 with proven recurrence.

title: XXXX of appendiceal origin. The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience.

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma', 'Pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured mucinous tumors', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['Pseudomyxoma peritonei']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the biometric factors associated with the accuracy of intraocular lens power predictions for @entity231 surgery in primary angle-closure (PAC) or primary @entity2747 (PACG) eyes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study @entity1 : This study included 103 PAC or PACG @entity1 who had undergone @entity231 surgery. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent anterior-segment optical coherence tomography preoperatively. Two novel biometric factors - the relative lens vault (the ratio of lens vault to anterior vault) and the anterior vault (the sum of lens vault and anterior chamber depth) - were measured using customized software. The powers of the implanted intraocular lens and the actual postoperative @entity2516 were compared. The mean @entity2516 and the median absolute error were calculated and compared using repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. The biometric factors associated with the postoperative @entity2516 were investigated by multivariate regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative anterior-segment biometric factors, difference between predicted and actual postoperative refraction. RESULTS: The Haigis, Hoffer Q and @entity6755 /T formulas all showed a slight tendency toward resultant @entity3467 , respectively (P   <   0.001, P   =   0.05, P   =   0.003). The Hoffer Q formula had the least prediction error (P   <   0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, the relative lens vault was the only independent factor predicting postoperative @entity2516 (b   =   0.392, P   =   0.011). CONCLUSION: Intraocular lens power predictions for @entity231 surgery in PAC or PACG @entity1 can be inaccurate. Such results might be associated with anterior-segment biometric factors. Preoperative relative lens vault appears to be a significant factor predicting refractive outcome after @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with PAC or PACG.

title: Factors affecting refractive outcome after XXXX surgery in primary @entity2747 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors', 'refractive error']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2490 is a heterogeneous group of diseases that cause @entity32 . And the nose may be a window into the lung in the concept of "one airway one disease." OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate differences between the different forms of @entity2490 in terms of lower airway @entity32 . METHODS: @entity1 that attended the @entity566 clinic and presented with moderate/severe persistent @entity2490 symptoms for more than 1 year were enrolled. The @entity1 with @entity2490 were classified into two groups (house dust mites [HDM]-sensitive @entity2023 [ @entity2023 ] or @entity2023 [ @entity2023 ]) according to the presence of atopy, and additionally according to @entity1412 and airway hyperresponsiveness, respectively. Medical records were reviewed and the mRNA expression levels of @entity225 , @entity379 , @entity2533 , @entity4155 , and @entity14210 were evaluated in induced sputum samples in each group. RESULTS: Induced sputum samples of 53 @entity1 were evaluated. @entity1 with @entity2023 were significantly older than @entity1 with HDM-sensitive @entity2023 (p < 0.05). @entity1412 was more prevalent in @entity2023 @entity1 than in HDM-sensitive @entity2023 @entity1 (10.2% vs. 62.5%, p < 0.001). The expression levels of @entity4155 mRNA were higher in @entity2023 @entity1 , regardless of the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity1 with different forms of @entity2490 could have different inflammatory environments in their lower airway and @entity2023 @entity1 might have @entity32 related to the elevated levels of @entity4155 compared to HDM-sensitive @entity2023 @entity1 .

title: Differences in airway @entity32 according to atopic status in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial inflammation', 'inflammation', 'nasal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['non-allergic rhinitis', 'NAR', 'AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'Chronic rhinitis', 'chronic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis', 'Nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on @entity1 with @entity227 and to explore the potential mechanisms of @entity227 . METHODS: A total of 14 @entity1 with prior @entity64 and @entity227 were divided into a control group and a treatment group. The treatment group was exposed to low-frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for 2 weeks, twice a day, for 15 min per session. Stimuli were delivered at 0.5 Hz to the left posterior parietal cortex (i.e. position P3 according to 10-20 electroencephalogram co-ordinate systems). All @entity1 performed a battery of tasks, including line bisection and line cancellation tests, 2 weeks before treatment, at the beginning, at the end, and 2 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: Following low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, the performance of the @entity1 in the treatment group improved significantly. The behaviour assessment data changed with time; at time-points 2 and 3 the comparison test showed a significant difference in line cancellation and line bisection results (p = 0.003 and p = 0.027, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the unimpaired hemisphere might improve @entity227 after @entity64 and points to the need for further studies. The results support the theory of inter-hemispheric competition in the attentional network.

title: Low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation for XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual spatial neglect']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual spatial neglect']


abstract: It is known that the adult visual memory system is fractionable into functionally independent cognitive subsystems, selectively susceptible to @entity75 . However, it is unclear whether these cognitive subsystems can fractionate developmentally. The present study describes an investigation of visual memory of a @entity1 (PE) with @entity245 . PE was congenitally deaf, had @entity4676 and @entity2438 , with non-verbal ability in the normal range. The @entity1 presented with a recognition @entity2414 for unknown @entity1 faces. This contrasted with his superior recognition memory for unknown buildings, landscapes and outdoor scenes. @entity2414 for faces could not be explained by a general deficit in face processing. Interestingly, PE also showed a recognition @entity2414 for animals. These findings indicate that different domains of the visual memory system can be fractionated developmentally. In particular, it demonstrates that topographical memory can develop independently from other aspects of visual memory.

title: Fractionation of visual memory: evidence from a case with multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['multiple developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment', "PE's memory impairment"]

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Gilles de la Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['neurodevelopmental impairments']


abstract: We analyzed several cellular and molecular properties of BALB/c 3T3 cellular clones transformed in vitro with polyoma virus and exhibiting a high or low @entity7433 phenotype. We also analyzed the same clones after a single in vivo passage in syngeneic @entity19 . This passage invariably induced and/or selected variants exhibiting a very high @entity7433 phenotype. BALB/c @entity19 bearing @entity5 induced by the inoculation of the above cells, regardless of their @entity7433 phenotype, have a lower number of L3T4 positive splenocytes than appropriate controls. The response to Con-A of spleen cells from such @entity19 was also suppressed. Concomitantly, an increase in @entity3804 positive splenocytes could be measured. In spite of the non-specific suppression of T cells, spleen cells from @entity5 -bearers showed a specific proliferative response to polyoma antigens. Molecular analysis of polyoma transformed cells showed no differences between the various cells with respect to integration of the polyoma viral genes or with respect to src, myc and @entity9830 proto-oncogenes. In vitro maintained cells and in vivo passaged cells seemed to differ, however, in the content of polyoma @entity2172 . Whereas polyoma virus transformed cells maintained only in culture never expressed low affinity receptors for IgG ( @entity29003 ), certain in vivo passaged cells did. This expression could be measured both at the protein and the mRNA level. Those in vivo passaged cells which expressed F alpha RII gave @entity5 following a long latency period. Ongoing experiments will indicate whether or not @entity29003 expression is linked to long latency of @entity5 development.

title: Some cellular and molecular characteristics of high and low XXXX variants of polyoma-virus transformed cells.

entities_list: @entity7433 :: ('MESH:D002471', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity7433 :: (MESH:D002471,Disease) :: ['tumorigenicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overexpression of @entity2467 , a @entity4149 kinase receptor protein encoded by the protooncogene kit, has been previously reported in @entity9075 and in other @entity5 such as @entity674 , @entity6961 , @entity320 , and @entity4797 . Mutations in the kit gene have been related to response to @entity2213 in @entity674 and one case report of @entity704 . We studied expression of @entity2467 in a large retrospective series of thymic epithelial malignancies and sequenced the whole gene in a subset of @entity1 . METHODS: Thymic @entity5 from 120 @entity1 (13 @entity704 and 107 @entity704 ) were examined. Immunohistochemical staining with an antic-kit polyclonal antibody was performed on a tissue microarray. Mutation analyses of exons 1 to 20 were conducted by direct DNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products in eight @entity704 , @entity704 , and one @entity704 cell line. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity2467 positive cells was significantly higher in @entity704 (46%) than in thymoma (4%). @entity393 -related survival and progression-free survival were observed in @entity2467 positive @entity5 . No mutations were detected. CONCLUSION: @entity2467 expression is strongly but not exclusively related to @entity704 histotype, and it is of prognostic value. Mutations are very rare.

title: Expression and mutational status of @entity2467 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'thymomas', 'thymic carcinomas', 'five thymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity9075 :: ('MESH:C536905', 'Disease') :: ['thymic epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased disease']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders']

answer: @entity9075 :: (MESH:C536905,Disease) :: ['thymic epithelial tumors']


abstract: @entity4309 ( @entity14 ) is a @entity5 which is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, in particular @entity6756 and @entity4311 . A pathogenic germline mutation in the respective MMR gene is suggested by the finding of a loss of a mismatch repair protein in @entity5 tissue on immunohistochemical staining combined with an early age of onset and/or the familial occurrence of @entity14 . Pathogenic germline mutations are identifiable in around 60% of @entity1 suspected of @entity4309 , depending on the familial occurrence. The aim of the present study was to identify novel susceptibility genes for @entity4309 . 64 Healthy controls and 64 @entity4309 @entity1 with no pathogenic @entity4311 mutation but a loss of @entity4311 expression in their @entity5 tissue were screened for rare and disease causing germline mutations in the functional candidate genes @entity1782 , @entity1783 , MAX, @entity1364 , and @entity27563 . Thirty variants were identified, and these were then genotyped in an independent sample of 36 mutation negative @entity4309 @entity1 and 234 controls. Since a trend towards association was observed for @entity27563 , an additional set of 21 tagging SNPs was analyzed at this locus in a final case-control sample of 142 mutation negative @entity4309 @entity1 and 298 controls. The mutation analysis failed to reveal any rare disease-causing mutations. No association was found at the single-marker or haplotypic level for any common disease-modifying variant. The present results suggest that neither rare nor common genetic variants in @entity1782 , @entity1783 , MAX, @entity1364 , or @entity27563 contribute to the development of @entity4309 .

title: Mutation and association analyses of the candidate genes @entity1782 , @entity1783 , MAX, XXXX , and @entity27563 in @entity1 with unexplained @entity4311 -deficient @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer susceptibility syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer/HNPCC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['PCNA']


abstract: @entity4346 is a major risk factor associated with the appearance of adverse cardiovascular events. A distortion in @entity296 , mediated by an abnormal accumulation of fibrillar collagen within the adventitia of intramyocardial coronary arteries and neighbouring interstitial spaces, alters the electrical and mechanical behaviour of the myocardium. The mechanisms responsible for the regulation of cardiac myocyte growth and collagen accumulation are therefore of considerable interest. Herein we review results of in vivo studies conducted in the authors' laboratory that addressed these issues in various experimental models. The findings indicate that in arterial hypertension @entity1283 is related to ventricular systolic pressure work. @entity296 , on the other hand, is not related to haemodynamic workload, but rather the presence of mineralocorticoid excess relative to @entity1372 intake and excretion. Accordingly, @entity82 can appear in both the @entity101 left and non- @entity101 right ventricles. Pharmacological probes, administered in variable doses, were used to further test and support this hypothesis. In both primary and secondary @entity1368 , it was possible to prevent the pathological structural remodelling of the myocardium with an @entity1369 receptor antagonist, while in unilateral renal ischaemia @entity1289 inhibition was similarly cardioprotective. Other studies demonstrated that it was feasible to regress the fibrous tissue response and normalise diastolic stiffness. This concept of cardioreparation suggests that @entity712 due to this type of structural remodelling may be reversible.

title: Regulatory mechanisms of @entity1283 and XXXX : results of in vivo studies.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial structure', 'Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: This review was designed to determine whether "high-dose" @entity134 therapy (> or =20 mg @entity229 /day) increases the likelihood of @entity532 after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA). The hospital records of 100 @entity1 undergoing proctocolectomy with IPAA were reviewed. @entity1 characteristics were analyzed to determine what factors were associated with higher rates of @entity532 . Seventy-one of our @entity1 were given diverting ileostomies, whereas the remaining 29 underwent a single-stage procedure. Fifty-four percent of the @entity1 in our review were taking @entity230 preoperatively, 39 of whom were on high-dose therapy. The overall @entity254 -related complication rate was 14%. There was no significant difference in complication rates with respect to age, @entity134 use, @entity134 dose, use of a diverting ileostomy, type of @entity254 , @entity66 , or presence of @entity13570 . A trend toward higher leakage rates was found in @entity1 undergoing single-stage procedures (10.3% vs. 2.8%, P=0.14) as well as in @entity1 undergoing single-stage procedures on high-dose @entity230 (22% vs. 5.0, P=0.22). Nevertheless, neither of these trends was found to be statistically significant, which was likely influenced by the small sample size. Our data suggest that there may be an increase in @entity834 rates in @entity1 on high-dose @entity230 undergoing a single-stage proctocolectomy with IPAA. Nevertheless, our rate was not as high as the rates seen by other investigators and did not reach statistical significance. During preoperative counseling, @entity1 on high-dose @entity230 should be informed of this uncertain but real risk of @entity834 .

title: Effect of high-dose @entity230 on @entity532 after proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['duration of disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic complications', 'anastomosis-related complications']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity13570 :: ('MESH:D007079', 'Disease') :: ['backwash ileitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are multipotent cells. Here we examined whether @entity1 ADMSCs (hADMSCs) could differentiate into cardiomyoblast-like cells (CLCs) by induction with @entity3733 and whether the cells would be utilized to treat @entity299 . @entity3733 induced the expression of various cardiac markers in hADMSCs, such as @entity17712 , cardiac myosin light chain, and myosin heavy chain; none of which were detected in noncommitted hADMSCs. The induced cells were thus designated as hADMSC-derived CLCs (hCLCs). To confirm their beneficial effect on cardiac function, hCLC patches were transplanted onto the Nude @entity35 @entity583 model, and compared with noncommitted hADMSC patch transplants and sham operations. Echocardiography demonstrated significant short-term improvement of cardiac function in both the patch-transplanted groups. However, long-term follow-up showed rescue and maintenance of cardiac function in the hCLC patch-transplanted group only, but not in the noncommitted hADMSC patch-transplanted animals. The hCLCs, but not the hADMSCs, engrafted into the scarred myocardium and differentiated into @entity1 cardiac troponin I-positive cells, and thus regarded as cardiomyocytes. Transplantation of the hCLC patches also resulted in recovery of cardiac function and improvement of long-term survival rate. Thus, transplantation of hCLC patches is a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for future cardiac tissue regeneration.

title: Cardiomyoblast-like cells differentiated from XXXX adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve left ventricular dysfunction and survival in a @entity35 @entity583 model.

entities_list: @entity17712 :: ('59', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-cardiac actin']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'Dimethylsulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 are at increased cardiovascular risk. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the treatment of choice in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity2316 . We assessed coronary flow reserve (CFR) by transthoracic echocardiography as a marker of major adverse @entity299 (MACE) in @entity8 @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 48 consecutive @entity8 @entity1 (28 male, age at @entity8 54    8 years). Time from transplantation was 8.5    3 years. Follow-up was 4.6    1.8 years. Coronary flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery was detected by Doppler echocardiography at rest and during @entity859 infusion. CFR was the ratio of hyperemic diastolic flow velocity (DFV) to resting DFV. A CFR  <=  2 was considered abnormal and a sign of @entity301 . MACE were @entity204 , @entity583 , and @entity712 . RESULTS: CFR was 2.55    0.8. CFR was  <= 2 in 13 (27%) @entity1 . CFR was lower in @entity8 @entity1 with MACE (2.1    0.7 vs 2.7    0.8, P  = .03) and @entity1 with MACE had a higher incidence of CFR  <=  2 (P  = .03). Time from transplantation was shorter in @entity1 with MACE (P  < .0001). @entity1 with CFR  <=  2 had a lower MACE-free survival (P  = .03). CFR  <=  2 predicted the risk of MACE (P  = .007) independently from @entity453 and metabolic control. However, this predicted role is lost when adjusted for the time from transplantation, which plays a protective role (P  = .001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity8 , CFR  <=  2 may be a reliable marker for MACE, independent of @entity453 diagnosis. However, this role seems to be reduced over time. This finding suggests a gradual reduction of cardiovascular risk in @entity8 @entity1 .

title: Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Predicts Long-Term Outcome in Simultaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SPKT', 'Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of time interval between preoperative hyperfractionated radiotherapy (5       5 Gy) and surgery on long-term overall survival (5 years) and recurrence rate in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 operated on according to total mesorectal excision technique. METHODS: The treatment group comprised 154 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 who were operated on between 1999 and 2006 in the 1st Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland. The data on survival has been systematically collected until 31st of December 2010. In addition, the following aspects were analyzed: the significance of time interval between the end of radiotherapy and surgical treatment and its influence on downsizing, downstaging, rate of curative resections, and sphincter-sparing procedures. @entity1 were qualified to preoperative radiotherapy 5       5 Gy and then randomly assigned to subgroups with different time intervals between radiotherapy and surgery: one subgroup consisted of 77 @entity1 operated on 7-10 days after the end of irradiation, and the second subgroup consisted of 77 @entity1 operated on after 4-5 weeks. Both groups were homogenous in sex, age, @entity5 stage and localization, distal and circumferential resection margins, and number of resected lymph nodes. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate in @entity1 operated on 7-10 days after irradiation was 63%, whereas in those operated on after 4-5 weeks, it was 73%-the difference was not statistically significant (log rank, p   =   0.24). A statistically significant increase in 5-year survival rate was observed only in @entity1 with downstaging after radiotherapy-90% in comparison with 60% in @entity1 without response to neoadjuvant treatment (log rank, p   =   0.004). Recurrence was diagnosed in 13.2% of @entity1 . A lower rate of systemic recurrence was observed in @entity1 operated on 4-5 weeks after the end of irradiation (2.8% vs. 12.3% in the subgroup with a shorter interval, p   =   0.035). No differences in local recurrence rates were observed in both subgroups of irradiated @entity1 (p   =   0.119). The longer time interval between radiotherapy and surgery resulted in higher downstaging rate (44.2% vs. 13% in @entity1 with a shorter interval, p   =   0.0001) although it did not increase the rate of sphincter-saving procedures (p   =   0.627) and curative resections (p   =   0.132). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Improved 5-year survival rate is observed only in @entity1 with downstaging after preoperative irradiation dose of 25 Gy. 2. Longer time interval after preoperative radiotherapy 25 Gy does not improve the rate of sphincter-saving procedures and curative resections (R0) despite higher downstaging rate observed in this regimen.

title: Randomized clinical trial on preoperative radiotherapy 25 Gy in XXXX --treatment results at 5-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: We report a case of @entity12534 coexistent with @entity3361 and pauci-immune @entity39 crescentic @entity631 . A 54-year-old @entity1 with @entity565 and @entity2023 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity1187 . Angiography showed @entity3361 without anatomic @entity850 . Acute @entity301 due to @entity2553 was diagnosed. However, subsequent administration of vasodilators did not suppress @entity951 . In addition, marked @entity1712 , @entity1712 , @entity102 , @entity2294 , and slight @entity811 with red blood cell casts were detected. Although kidney function was normal, a kidney biopsy showed @entity39 crescentic @entity631 with @entity1712 in both glomeruli and interstitium. With the diagnosis of @entity12534 , oral @entity617 at a dose of 60 mg/d was administered. Cardiac symptoms, @entity358 , @entity2294 , and urine sediment resolved rapidly. Six months later, a repeated kidney biopsy showed remarkable improvement and no @entity1712 . @entity3361 with @entity1712 might be refractory to vasodilators and sensitive to corticosteroid therapy and often has been related to @entity12534 . Slight abnormalities in urine sediment can be the clue to the diagnosis of severe kidney involvement of @entity12534 .

title: A case of XXXX with @entity39 crescentic @entity631 accompanied by @entity1187 due to @entity2553 .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'eosinophilic infiltration', 'eosinophilic pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse coronary artery spasm', 'Coronary vasospasm', 'coronary vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina symptoms']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and sinonasal lesions']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity12534 :: (MESH:D015267,Disease) :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The effects of @entity439 (clipping or coiling) on the incidence of @entity2553 and @entity1188 after @entity510 have not been clearly defined. We hypothesized that there may be a difference in angiographic and clinical @entity2553 , @entity385 , and clinical outcome between @entity1 undergoing clipping compared to coiling. METHODS: A retrospective, exploratory analysis of 413 @entity1 randomized into the CONSCIOUS-1 trial was conducted. @entity1 underwent baseline and follow-up catheter angiography and computed tomography, as well as clinical assessments. Radiology end points were adjudicated by central blinded review, and angiographic @entity2553 was quantified by measurements of arterial diameters on catheter angiography. The effect of method of @entity439 treatment (clipping [n=199] or coiling [n=214]) on angiographic @entity2553 , delayed @entity51 , @entity385 , and clinical outcome was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Propensity matching was used to adjust for differences in baseline risk factors between clipped and coiled @entity1 . RESULTS: In all @entity1 and the propensity-matched subset, @entity439 coiling was associated with a significantly reduced risk of angiographic @entity2553 and delayed @entity51 compared to clipping. @entity385 and clinical outcome were not associated with clipping or coiling. CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory analysis, @entity439 coiling was associated with less angiographic @entity2553 and delayed @entity51 than surgical clipping, whereas no effect on @entity385 or clinical outcome was observed. Whether this is attributable to differences in baseline risk factors between clipped and coiled @entity1 or a true difference cannot be proven here.

title: Endovascular treatment or neurosurgical clipping of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: effect on angiographic @entity2553 , delayed @entity51 , XXXX , and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm treatment modality', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarction', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: @entity361 ( @entity361 ) has been linked to @entity3 . @entity4025 exhibits potential antitumor activities; however, the inhibitory effects of @entity4025 on the @entity361 of @entity320 have not been demonstrated. Here, a new role for @entity558 in promoting @entity361 is described. @entity558 -induced @entity361 was identified by examining the markers of @entity361 . To assess the activation of NF-kB signal transduction pathway, we performed a reporter assay by using @entity5 cells transfected with the luciferase gene under the control of NF-kB response elements. The antitumor effects of @entity4025 were evaluated in an experimental @entity19 @entity5 model. @entity558 increased @entity21043 and @entity22575 expression and decreased zonula occludens-1 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, @entity558 stimulated cell migration through activation of @entity1990 /NF-kB signal pathway. @entity558 -induced @entity361 is critical for @entity32 -initiated @entity3 . Nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of @entity1992 NF-kB, an important inducer of @entity361 , were inhibited by @entity4025 . @entity4025 inhibited @entity558 -induced @entity5 migration and markers of @entity361 , significantly prolonged animal survival and reduced the @entity5 size. Thus, @entity4025 plays an important role in the inhibition of @entity558 -induced @entity361 in @entity19 @entity320 through the down-regulation of NF-kB activity. The data provide an insight into the mechanisms on the function of @entity4025 during the processes of @entity361 .

title: @entity4025 inhibits XXXX -induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in @entity19 @entity320 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'metastasis tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial to mesenchymal transition', 'EMT']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol', 'Resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['LPS']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to compare the @entity604 around implants placed according to either a 1-stage or 2-stage implant installation procedure using a digital subtraction radiography technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present randomized clinical trial, screw-shaped tapered implants were inserted in the posterior mandible of @entity1 needing fixed partial dentures. In each edentulous area, according to the randomization table, 1 implant was inserted using a 1-stage procedure (group 1) and 1 was placed using a 2-stage approach (group 2). The implants were temporized with the relined denture after 2 weeks. All implants were functionally loaded with fixed partial dentures after 3 months. Crestal @entity604 (primary outcome variable) was measured using a digital subtraction radiography technique. Standardized radiovisiographs were taken after implant insertion, after fixed partial denture installation (3 months after surgery), and after 6 and 12 months of functional loading. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (a = 0.05). RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (mean age 46.9 years, 3 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ) were included in the study. A total of 34 implants were inserted, 17 using a 1-stage protocol and 17 using a 2-stage protocol. Three months after implant placement, the 2-stage implants showed significantly more @entity604 (0.65    0.71 mm) than the 1-stage implants (0.41    0.53 mm; P = .02). However, after 6 and 12 months of functional loading, both groups showed comparable changes in bone level (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: No differences were found between 1-stage and 2-stage implant placement in @entity604 after 1 year of functional loading.

title: Does implant staging choice affect XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['crestal bone loss', 'bone loss']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['crestal bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of @entity5419 include @entity294 and @entity2021 ( @entity1457 ), which can occur together or by themselves in different subjects. Although ingested food antigens need to be absorbed to induce @entity1457 , it is not known whether they need to be absorbed to induce @entity294 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify mechanisms that determine whether @entity5419 induces @entity294 and determine whether @entity294 requires absorption of ingested antigens. METHODS: These issues were studied in @entity19 in active, passive, and hybrid immunization models. The active model was used to determine the @entity56 susceptibility of J chain- and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor-deficient @entity19 , which are unable to secrete IgA. The hybrid model was used to determine whether intravenously administered antigen-specific IgG antibody, which is not secreted into the gut, can protect against @entity56 , as well as @entity1457 . RESULTS: Shock, but not @entity294 , was induced in naive @entity19 by using intravenous IgE anti- @entity7430 (TNP) antibody, followed by oral TNP-BSA, whereas both were induced in @entity19 presensitized with intraperitoneal ovalbumin/alum plus oral ovalbumin. More TNP-BSA was required to induce @entity1457 than @entity294 in presensitized @entity19 , and intravenous IgG anti-TNP antibody, which is not secreted into the gut, protected these @entity19 against both @entity294 and @entity1457 . Consistent with this, @entity1573 ovalbumin-immunized J chain- and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor-deficient @entity19 , which have high serum IgA levels but little intestinal IgA, resisted @entity294 induction. CONCLUSION: Intestinal immunity and oral antigen dose determine whether @entity294 , @entity2021 , or both are induced, and ingested antigen must be absorbed to induce either response.

title: Induction and suppression of XXXX and @entity2021 in a @entity19 model of @entity5419 .

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity7430 :: ('CHEBI:53067', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrophenyl']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea versus shock', 'diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['systemic anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diarrhea']


abstract: @entity1278 primarily affect @entity1 who are in the childbearing years. While many anorectic @entity1 are unable to ovulate second to the disruptions of normal body function associated with @entity448 , there are still @entity1 who will ovulate and become pregnant. @entity1279 may also disrupt the normal menstrual cycle if the disease is very severe. However, many bulimic @entity1 will become pregnant. Both of these disease states cause a decrease in circulating plasma volume, fluid and electrolyte shifts, and other alterations that may increase the risk to a pregnancy and developing fetus. @entity66 states are associated with @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). The nursing care of the anorectic or bulimic @entity1 who becomes pregnant is specialized and requires coordination between nursing, perinatology, and the psychiatric team, as well as support services including nutritionists. The nursing care of anorectic @entity1 is difficult and requires an understanding of the complex psychological and physical pathophysiology of the disease. @entity1279 also requires a complete understanding of the psychological and pathophysiology of the disease process. This article provides a review of the syndromes, risk factors, definitions of the disease states, and the nursing management of those @entity1 experiencing a pregnancy complicated by the predisposing @entity1278 .

title: XXXX : chronic conditions affecting pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Severe disease']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa', 'factors of anorexia nervosa, and/or bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal growth retardation', 'IUGR']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['Bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa']


abstract: The effect of experimentally induced uniocular @entity130 was investigated in the adult albino @entity95 by means of iris @entity941 angiography. Paracentesis, @entity130 , occlusion of all four vortex veins or of the two long posterior ciliary arteries, or local instillation of @entity1568 mustard, were performed in a number of animals, some of which received systemic @entity117 preoperatively. Iris angiograms of the injured and the contralateral eye were performed immediately after the traumatic insult. The injured eye always showed an increased permeability to @entity941 . Except for paracentesis, the ipsilateral response often included @entity63 of the iris. The contralateral eye always showed an increase in @entity941 permeability into the aqueous. In some cases, sector @entity63 of the contralateral iris was seen. @entity117 inhibited some ipsilateral responses but had no effect on the consensual reactions. It is concluded that ipsilateral @entity130 almost invariably causes a contralateral reaction in the @entity95 eye, which is more severe if the injury creates @entity63 of the iris. Since these reactions are inefficiently blocked by @entity117 , they are not prostaglandin-mediated. The interocular pathway involved may be neural or vascular in nature.

title: Anterior segment reactions after experimental XXXX to @entity95 eyes.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Vertebrate sensory organs develop in part from cranial placodes, a series of ectodermal thickenings that coalesce from a common domain of preplacodal ectoderm. Mechanisms coordinating morphogenesis and differentiation of discrete placodes are still poorly understood. We have investigated whether placodal assembly in @entity3392 requires @entity28627 ( @entity28627 ), an extracellular matrix receptor initially expressed throughout the preplacodal ectoderm. Morpholino knockdown of @entity28627 had no detectable effect on anterior placodes (pituitary, nasal and lens), but posterior placodes developed abnormally, resulting in disorganization of trigeminal and epibranchial ganglia and reduction of the otic vesicle. Cell motion analysis in GFP-transgenic embryos showed that cell migration in @entity28627 morphants was highly erratic and unfocused, impairing convergence and blocking successive recruitment of new cells into these placodes. Further studies revealed genetic interactions between @entity28627 and Fgf signaling. First, @entity28627 morphants showed changes in gene expression mimicking modest reduction in Fgf signaling. Second, @entity28627 morphants showed elevated apoptosis in the otic/epibranchial domain, which was rescued by misexpression of @entity28628 . Third, knockdown of the Fgf effector erm had no effect by itself but strongly enhanced defects in @entity28627 morphants. Finally, proper regulation of @entity28627 requires @entity19252 /4b and @entity28629 , which are themselves regulated by Fgf. These findings support a model in which @entity28627 coordinates cell migration into posterior placodes and augments Fgf signaling required for patterning of these tissues and cell survival in otic/epibranchial placodes.

title: Integrin-a5 coordinates assembly of posterior cranial placodes in XXXX and enhances Fgf-dependent regulation of otic/epibranchial cells.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Antifilarial antibody testing has been established as a sensitive and specific method of diagnosing @entity3754 . However, the development of serological responses to specific filarial antigens and their relationship to acquisition of infection is poorly understood. In order to evaluate whether the development of antigen specific antifilarial antibodies precedes microfilaremia and antigenemia, we compared the antibody responses of serum samples collected between 1990 and 1999 from a cohort of 142 Haitian @entity1 followed longitudinally. Antigen status was determined using the Og4C3 ELISA and the presence of microfilaremia was detected using microscopy. Antibody responses to Wb123, a @entity10065 bancrofti L3 antigen, were measured using a @entity262 ( @entity262 ) assay. Antibody responses to Bm14 and Bm33, Brugia malayi antigens and to a major surface protein (WSP) from Wolbachia were analyzed using a multiplex bead assay. Over follow-up, 80 (56%) of the children became antigen-positive and 30 (21%) developed microfilaremia. Detectable antibody responses to Bm14, Bm33, Wb123, and WSP developed in 95%, 100%, 92%, and 29% of @entity1 , respectively. With the exception of WSP, the development of antibody responses generally preceded detection of filarial antigen. Our results show that antifilarial antibody responses can serve as an important epidemiological indicator in a sentinel population of young @entity1 and thus, may be valuable as tool for surveillance in the context of @entity3754 elimination programs.

title: Longitudinal monitoring of the development of antifilarial antibodies and acquisition of XXXX in a highly endemic area of Haiti.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System', 'LIPS']

answer: @entity10065 :: (6293,Species) :: ['Wuchereria bancrofti']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity158 , along with clicking, sub-luxation, and blocking, is one of the main symptoms for @entity1 presenting with @entity2956 . We assessed the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BOTOX(  ), Allergan) as analgesic treatment for @entity2956 . @entity1 AND METHOD: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity1118 linked to @entity2956 were prospectively assessed. Botulinum toxin A was injected in masseter and temporalis muscles. Follow-up parameters, at one and three months, were: measuring mouth opening and diduction, muscle tenderness and @entity158 using a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: There was a significant (P<0.0001) decrease of @entity158 , an @entity3137 , and diduction at three months. Seventy percent of the @entity1 felt less muscle tenderness. The @entity1 felt his psychological state had improved and so did his family. DISCUSSION: Botulinum toxin A significantly decreases @entity158 and improves movements of @entity1 presenting with @entity2956 . The effects are prolonged three months after the injection.

title: [Botulinum toxin A: analgesic treatment for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular joint disorders']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['increased mouth opening']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study was to analyze clinical outcome of Pauwels grade-3 @entity2249 treated by different surgical techniques. Potential risk factors associated with nonunion and @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH) were investigated as well. The retrospective study comprised of 67 sequential @entity1 treated between January 2008 and December 2011. @entity1 with Pauwels grade-3 @entity2249 were treated by operative reduction and internal fixation. Cannulated screws (CS) were used in 46 @entity1 , dynamic hip screw plus CS (DHS+CS) in 14, and @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) for proximal femur in 7. Reduction quality was assessed according to Haidukewych criteria. Postoperative radiographic examinations were conducted to observe @entity174 healing. @entity174 , comminution, fashion of internal fixation, and the sliding effect were analyzed, regarding the incidence of nonunion and ONFH. All @entity1 had a follow-up of 21.6  6.0 months on average. The phenomenon of sliding effect was observed in 16 cases (23.9%). In terms of reduction quality, 64 cases were graded as excellent, 2 were good, and 1 was poor. ONFH was presented in 15 cases (22.4%) and nonunion was found in 8 (11.9%), with 1 @entity1 had ONFH and nonunion concomitantly. Profound hip contour was preserved in 45 cases (67.2%). The fashion of internal fixation yielded different results regarding ONFH and nonunion, whereas the effects of @entity174 , comminution, and the sliding effect were not significant. ONFH and nonunion were common complications following Pauwels grade-3 @entity2249 . Higher incidence of ONFH in DHS+CS and of nonunion in the @entity2850 group should be noted.

title: XXXX of the femoral head, nonunion and potential risk factors in Pauwels grade-3 @entity2249 : A retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture displacement', 'fracture', 'fracture displacement']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['LCP', 'locking compression plate']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Osteonecrosis']


abstract: A case of successful and prolonged treatment of metastatic @entity1149 with the @entity470 antagonist @entity3866 is presented. A never-smoker female was diagnosed with @entity5 in December 2005. A chest CT scan showed soft tissue mass 35 34 mm in size in the right lung with metastases in the lymph nodes and in the left lung. A biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated @entity420 . The disease showed poor response to the first-line and second-line chemotherapy. Targeted therapy with @entity3866 was started in February 2007. The most severe adverse event observed was grade 3 @entity1910 . The disease was stable until February 2009 when brain metastases were detected. @entity3866 was continued until May 2009 when disease progression in the lungs was confirmed. The @entity1 died due to ongoing disease progression in December 2009. Retrospective genetic analysis of a @entity5 specimen was performed, and no mutations in @entity470 exons 18-21 were detected. The @entity1 had a significant clinical benefit for the period of 24 months. These results are consistent with previous reports in literature that clinical characteristics such as female gender, nonsmoker, @entity420 histology, and severe cutaneous @entity137 seem to predict good response to @entity3866 . In the present case, @entity3866 proved to be effective even in heavily pretreated, chemotherapy-resistant @entity2220 . So far, no exact predictive biomarkers of @entity3866 effectiveness have been determined; and their further analyses are essential.

title: Targeted therapy in @entity1 with XXXX previously treated with chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IV lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Repair of esophageal @entity1146 and @entity4501 has traditionally been performed via thoracotomy. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and pitfalls of the thoracoscopic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six consecutive @entity1 with type C tracheoesophageal fistulae underwent thoracoscopic repair. The operation was approached through the right chest using a three-trocar technique (two 5-mm and one 3-mm) with the @entity1 placed in a three-quarter prone position. @entity1 characteristics, operative time, duration of narcotic usage, conversion factors, @entity260 , and long-term follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Five of six @entity1 were successfully operated on thoracoscopically. The average operative time was 143 minutes (range, 75-215 minutes) with repair of long-gap defects requiring significantly longer times than short-gap defects (200 vs. 129 minutes, P < 0.05). There were no intraoperative complications. Mean duration of narcotic use was 52 hours (range, 24-72 hours). There were no @entity834 . One @entity1 developed an anastomotic stricture at the third postoperative week, which resolved with two dilations. One @entity1 died on the first postoperative day from @entity1576 . CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal @entity1146 and @entity4501 is feasible, but is technically challenging. Long-gap defects require more extensive dissection and difficult @entity254 , and are therefore associated with longer operative times. More data are needed for further evaluation of this approach.

title: Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal XXXX and @entity4501 : lessons learned.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: The most common cause of @entity4810 is idiopathic. Fresh insights based on genetic and molecular analysis of the @entity1 genome permit classification of formerly unexplained disorders in spermatogenesis. In this article, we review new procedures that expand diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to @entity4810 . Recombinant DNA technology makes it possible to detect specific chromosomal and/or @entity74 among @entity249 @entity1 . The identification of genes linked to disorders in spermatogenesis and male sexual differentiation has increased exponentially in the past decade. @entity74 leading to male factor infertility can now be explained at the molecular level, even though the germ cell profile of @entity249 @entity1 is too variable to permit classification of the clinical phenotype. Increasing knowledge of genes that direct spermatogenesis provides important new information about the molecular and cellular events involved in @entity1 spermatogenesis. Molecular analysis of chromosomes and/or genes of @entity249 @entity1 offers unique opportunities to uncover the aetiology of @entity74 in spermatogenesis. Increasing numbers of cases, previously classified as idiopathic, can now be diagnosed to facilitate the treatment of @entity249 @entity1 . Advanced knowledge also poses ethical dilemmas, since @entity1 conceived with assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are at risk for @entity154 , unbalanced complements of chromosomes and @entity4810 .

title: Developmental and XXXX in spermatogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'Genetic defects', 'genetic defects']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic disorders']