abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the acceptance and efficacy of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in the management of lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction regardless of the age of the @entity1 and their degree of urethral sensation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated @entity1 managed with @entity400 at a pediatric teaching hospital between 1992 and 2014. Age, urethral sensation, acceptance, efficacy in terms of continence and preserving upper urinary tract and genitourinary complications were reviewed in the medical records. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 managed with @entity400 for @entity5450 due to @entity16 were identified. The median age at @entity400 initiation was 8.2 years (range, 1.4-18). With regard to age, @entity400 was well tolerated in younger @entity1 and without genital sensation. Failure in the @entity400 protocol occurred within the first six months (n = 9). More @entity1 with genital sensation were socially continent with @entity400 (91% versus 83%, P = .05). @entity3025 was resolved in 69% of @entity1 (P = .03), and @entity3041 in 54% (P = .07). CONCLUSION: @entity400 was effective in terms of continence and renal protection. The procedure was feasible even in @entity1 with preserved urethral sensation. Therapeutic education by a dedicated urotherapy nurse is the key factor in ensuring long-term @entity400 compliance and acceptability._nbsp.

title: Pro and Cons of Transurethral Self-Catheterization in XXXX : A Long-Term Teaching Experience in a Pediatric Rehabilitation Centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological or urological disorders']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['LUT dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['CIC', 'clean intermittent catheterization']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Boys']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore an economical protocol for @entity3332 treatment at home and evaluate the effects of portable esophageal dilator. METHOD: Sixty-seven @entity1 with @entity3332 were treated at home by themselves with portable esophageal dilator, which was designed by Prof Wang HT, one of the authors. Twenty-nine cases of @entity3332 were caused by chemical damage, 23 cases by @entity5 , 13 postoperation cases with hypopharyngeal and upper @entity5 and two cases by @entity259 . @entity850 happened at esophageal entrance and upper segment in 15 cases, at middle in 32 cases, both at middle and upper in 17 cases and at whole length of esophagus in three cases. @entity850 was not complete @entity1146 and dilators could insert into esophagus in all @entity1 . RESULT: Significant effects were found in 43 @entity1 and good effects in 24 @entity1 . Seven deaths were caused by remote @entity3 of recurrent @entity5 resulting in @entity881 or large blood vessels bleeding resulting of @entity5 erosion. Follow-up visit ranged from the shortest period of four months to the longest period of five years and 1 month, 9.8 months on average. CONCLUSION: Family portable dilator and self-catering dilation is an effective and safe method for treating @entity3332 . It is so simple, convenient, painless with low expense that it is especially useful in countryside hospitals and undeveloped rural areas.

title: [Application of portable esophageal dilator in treatment of XXXX at home].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophageal tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stricture']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal thyroid gland recurrent tumor']

answer: @entity3332 :: (MESH:D004940,Disease) :: ['esophageal stenosis']


abstract: Lectins from Helix pomatia, Canavalia ensiformis, Agaricus bisporus and Triticum vulgaris agglutinated cultures of @entity794 , @entity526 , @entity5746 spp. This agglutination was specific as it was inhibited (except with A. bisporus lectin) by the competing sugar substrates. The ability of three of these lectins, immobilized on a variety of supports, to separate these micro-organisms from pure cultures was investigated. Immobilization of the lectins on magnetic microspheres was the most effective method. Immobilized T. vulgaris lectin bound 87-100% of cells from cultures of @entity5125 , 80-100% of Staph. aureus, 33-45% of Salmonella spp. and 42-77% of @entity526 . The A. bisporus lectin bound 31-63% of cells in cultures of @entity5125 , 83% of Staph. aureus but only 3-5% of the salmonella cells. Similarly H. pomatia lectin bound greater than 92% of Staph. aureus and 64% of @entity5125 cells but was poor at binding the Gram-negative organisms. This preference for binding Gram-positive organisms was confirmed when mixed cultures were studied. The T. vulgaris lectin was effective in removing @entity5125 (43%) and Staph. aureus (26%) from diluted @entity1267 (31-54%) from raw egg. Agaricus bisporus lectin removed @entity5125 from undiluted milk (10-47%) or ground beef (32-50%).

title: The use of immobilized lectins in the separation of XXXX , @entity526 , @entity5746 spp. from pure cultures and foods.

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['milk and Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Listeria and Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between hemostatic activation and @entity64 severity, and to provide data on hemostatic variables in acute @entity385 . METHODS: The @entity1 material comprised 76 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 (median 16 h, interquartile range 3-48). Levels of hemostatic variables were determined in blood samples collected on the day of hospitalization. @entity64 severity was assessed on admission by the Oxfordshire @entity64 Project (OCSP) classification, and on discharge (median 9 days, interquartile range 6-14) by Barthel Index (BI, scores 0-50, 55-90, or 95-100) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS, scores 0-1 or 2-6). Associations were assessed by multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Levels of the fibrin degradation product D-Dimer and the activation peptide prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2) were linearly related to @entity64 severity, whether assessed on admission (P = .001 and.03, respectively, for the OCSP classification), or on discharge (P = .009 and.43, respectively, for BI; and.001 and.05, respectively, for mRS). High levels of @entity6343 ), as well as low levels of @entity5582 and protein C were also present in @entity1 with a presumed embolic source, and low @entity5582 or protein C was borderline significantly associated with @entity955 (P = .072 and.058, respectively). Low levels of protein C or protein S, and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, including @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ), was detected in 13/73 (18%) and 15/70 (21%) of the @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Activation of the hemostatic system is independently related to @entity64 and short-term outcome. Low levels of coagulation inhibitors or presence of antiphospholipid antibodies is a relatively frequent finding in unselected @entity1 with acute @entity385 , but a causative role cannot be inferred from our study.

title: Hemostatic activation in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Community Stroke', 'acute stroke severity', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant', 'LA']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The generation of the Lew.Tg(mRen2) congenic @entity101 @entity35 , developed through a backcross of the @entity101 (mRen2)27 transgenic @entity35 with normotensive Lewis @entity35 , provides a new model by which primary @entity101 can be studied without the genetic variability found in the original strain. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Lew.Tg(mRen2) @entity35 by dually investigating the effects of @entity1809 ( @entity1129 (1)) blockade and @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) activity inhibition on the ANG-(1-7)/ @entity13928 axis of the renin-angiotensin system in this new @entity101 model. The control of blood pressure elicited by 12-day administration of either @entity3593 (mean difference change = 92 +/- 2, P < 0.05) or @entity9886 (mean difference change = 69 +/- 2, P < 0.05) was associated with 54% and 33% increases in cardiac @entity13928 mRNA and 54% and 43% increases in cardiac @entity1811 mRNA, respectively. Lisinopril induced a 3.1-fold (P < 0.05) increase in renal cortical expression of @entity13928 , whereas @entity9886 increased @entity13928 mRNA 3.5-fold (P < 0.05). Both treatment regimens increased renal @entity1811 mRNA 2.6-fold (P < 0.05). The two therapies augmented @entity13928 protein activity, as well as @entity299 (1) receptor mRNAs. @entity1811 inhibition reduced plasma @entity1808 levels (81%, P < 0.05) and increased plasma ANG-(1-7) (265%, P < 0.05), whereas @entity9886 had no effect on the peptides. In contrast with what had been shown in normotensive @entity35 , @entity1811 inhibition decreased renal @entity1808 excretion and transiently decreased ANG-(1-7) excretion, whereas @entity9886 treatment was associated with a consistent decrease in ANG-(1-7) urinary excretion rates. In response to the treatments, the expression of both renal cortical renin and angiotensinogen mRNAs was significantly augmented. The paradoxical effects of blockade of @entity1808 synthesis and activity on urinary excretion rates of the peptides and plasma angiotensins levels suggest that, in Lew.Tg(mRen2) congenic @entity35 , a failure of compensatory @entity13928 and ANG-(1-7)-dependent vasodepressor mechanisms may contribute both to the development and progression of @entity101 driven by increased formation of endogenous @entity1808 .

title: Effect of @entity1808 blockade on a new congenic model of XXXX derived from transgenic Ren-2 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1809 :: ('24180(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['type 1 angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac and renal AT']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat strain', 'rat', 'rats']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: (1) The precise cardiovascular risk of oral contraceptives is poorly known because of a lack of reliable clinical studies and the numerous potential biases in epidemiological studies. (2) The absolute risk of coronary events is very low in @entity1 under 35 who are non smokers, have no history of @entity301 and have normal blood pressure. In @entity1 over 35, smoking over 10 cigarettes a day and arterial @entity101 substantially increase the risk of @entity301 . (3) The absolute risk of @entity64 is low in young @entity1 who are not @entity101 and do not smoke. It is higher in the case of arterial @entity101 . (4) The absolute risk of @entity1150 is increased but remains moderate. Obesity, a family history of @entity1150 , and @entity74 are risk factors. (5) The @entity65 linked to oral contraception seem to disappear after cessation. (6) The use of oral contraceptives with very low doses of @entity2931 (less than 50 mug @entity2082 ) reduces the associated risk of @entity64 . The risk of @entity1150 is probably higher with combined contraceptives containing a third-generation progestagen (desogestrel or gestoden). (7) The coronary and cerebrovascular risks of progestagen-only contraceptives are poorly documented. Low-dose progestagen-only oral contraceptives have little effect on clotting factors or on @entity1735 and lipid metabolism. There may be a risk of @entity1150 , however, with this type of contraceptive. (8) History, physical examination and simple laboratory tests before prescribing or renewing oral contraceptives are sufficient to detect the main contraindications, i.e. arterial @entity101 , a history of coronary or cerebrovascular conditions, @entity1150 , hypercholesterolaemia exceeding 3 g/l, hypertriglyceridaemia exceeding 3 g/l, unusually severe @entity10 on a combined oral contraceptive and prolonged immobilisation. However, a combined oral contraceptive can be considered for some @entity1 with cardiovascular risk factors such as moderate hypercholesterolaemia or hypertriglyceridaemia, well-controlled insulin-dependent @entity6 , uncomplicated @entity299 , @entity2704 not worsened by a combined oral contraceptive, varicose veins or a family history of @entity1150 . (9) Pharmacists should be aware of these risk factors so that they can advise @entity1 to see a doctor if new health problems arise between visits.

title: Cardiovascular risk of oral contraceptives. Low, and mainly in XXXX at risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary clotting disorders']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valve disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risks']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity732 may constitute an independent risk factor for @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity955 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on a nationwide cohort with @entity955 from 1997 to 2008. The rate of @entity64 /systemic @entity1031 ( @entity1031 )/transitory @entity63 attack ( @entity63 ) was determined for @entity955 @entity1 with and without a history of @entity732 . A Cox regression analysis, adjusted for risk factors and medications, was performed to determine the independent predictive @entity732 for the risk of @entity385 , @entity1031 or @entity63 in @entity955 @entity1 . RESULTS: We included 87  202 @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 . At baseline, a history of retinal @entity432 was diagnosed in 224 @entity1 (0.26%) and a history of @entity732 in 361 (0.41%). @entity1 without @entity732 had a rate of @entity64 / @entity1031 / @entity63 of 4.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]  4.44-4.60). For @entity1 with retinal @entity432 , the rate of @entity64 / @entity1031 / @entity63 was 8.16 (95%  CI  6.35-10.49) per 100  @entity1 -years, and for @entity1 with @entity732 it was 7.28 (95%  CI  5.93-8.94) per 100  @entity1 -years. In multivariate analysis, both retinal @entity432 (hazard ratio [HR]  1.39, 95%  CI  1.08-1.79) and @entity732 (HR  1.26, 95%  CI  1.02-1.54) were associated with an increased risk of @entity385 . CONCLUSIONS: A history of retinal arterial or @entity732 is associated with an increased risk of @entity64 / @entity1031 / @entity63 in @entity1 with @entity955 . Thus, prior @entity732 may be considered as a previous @entity1031 event when evaluating @entity64 risk in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: @entity732 : a risk factor for XXXX in @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular occlusion', 'value of retinal arterial or venous occlusion', 'retinal venous occlusions', 'retinal occlusion', 'Retinal vascular occlusions', 'retinal venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'future stroke/TE/TIA']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: We compared synchronization and pregnancy rates, and the increase in blood @entity1420 concentrations during luteal development, between (1) Ovsynch plus an intravaginal controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device protocol followed by timed embryo transfer (timed ET), and (2) a conventional estrus synchronization method using @entity8305 (2 alpha) and ET in suckled postpartum Japanese Black beef @entity291 . @entity291 in the @entity8305 group (n=18) received a @entity8305 (2 alpha) analogue when a CL was first palpated per rectum at 10-d intervals after 1 to 2 month postpartum. @entity291 (n=11), which showed estrus (Day 0) within 5 d of the @entity8305 (2 alpha), and had a CL on Day 7, received ET. @entity291 in the Ovsynch+CIDR group (n=19) underwent the Ovsynch protocol plus a CIDR for 7 d ( @entity1176 analogue and CIDR on Day-9, @entity8305 (2alpha) analogue with CIDR removal on Day-2, and @entity1176 analogue on Day 0), with ET on Day 7. The ovulation synchronization (100%) and embryo transfer (100%) rates in the Ovsynch+CIDR group were greater (P<0.01) than the estrus synchronization (66.7%) and the embryo transfer (61.1%) rates in the @entity8305 group. The postpartum interval at ET in the Ovsynch+CIDR group (62.5 +/- 2.5 d) was shorter (P<0.01) than in the @entity8305 group (74.9 +/- 3.9 d). The pregnancy rate in the Ovsynch+CIDR group (57.9%) did not differ significantly from that in the @entity8305 group (50.0%). Plasma @entity1420 concentrations were not significantly different in the two groups on Days 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 14 and 21. In summary, higher synchronization and transfer rates, and shorter postpartum interval to ET, can be achieved with timed ET following the Ovsynch plus CIDR protocol than after estrus with the single @entity8305 (2 alpha) treatment followed by ET in suckled postpartum recipient beef @entity291 . Pregnancy rates were similar. Also, the increase in blood @entity1420 concentrations during luteal development following ovulation synchronized by the Ovsynch plus CIDR protocol was similar to that after estrus induced by the @entity8305 (2 alpha) treatment.

title: Ovsynch plus CIDR protocol for timed embryo transfer in suckled postpartum Japanese Black beef XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) is an effective and safe treatment in @entity1649 ( @entity1649 ). Postoperative evaluations are usually made by neurosurgeons. Follow-up studies performed by neurologists and postoperative quality of life (QoL) investigations are lacking. All 25 @entity1649 @entity1 operated with @entity5663 in our centre between 2000 and 2004 were evaluated with the recently validated @entity1649 -7 scheme, extended with the item ' @entity25 due to @entity1649 ' ( @entity1649 -8). The @entity1 underwent a careful neurological examination median 3 years after the operation. The evaluation focused on clinical aspects, changes in blood pressure and time until observable effect of @entity5663 . The evaluation of @entity1649 -7 questionnaire and the extended form ( @entity1649 -8) showed significant improvement in QoL after @entity5663 . Neurological outcome was in almost all cases excellent or good. Eleven (44%) @entity1 had no @entity51 at all. Only one @entity1 had serious complications with @entity3541 , @entity2319 , balance problems and vertigo. The other @entity1 had minor neurological findings or symptoms. Eighteen (72%) @entity1 experienced early effect within 3 months after @entity5663 ; seven (28%) @entity1 had late effect between 6 and 14 months. Median age of the @entity1 with late effect (62.6 years) was significantly higher than in those with early effect (52.7 years).

title: @entity5663 for XXXX : postoperative neurologic follow-up and evaluation of life quality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['MVD', 'Microvascular decompression']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial spasm', 'HFS']

answer: @entity1649 :: (MESH:D019569,Disease) :: ['hemifacial spasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and @entity299 have relied on multiple @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) induction/defibrillation tests at implantation to ensure that the device can reliably sense, detect, and convert @entity2224 . The ASSURE Study ( @entity943 Single Shock Defibrillation Threshold Testing Versus Upper Limit of Vulnerability: Risk Reduction Evaluation With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantations) is the first large, multicenter, prospective trial comparing vulnerability safety margin testing versus defibrillation safety margin testing with a single @entity2224 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 426 @entity1 receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator underwent vulnerability safety margin or defibrillation safety margin screening at 14 J in a randomized order. After this, @entity1 underwent confirmatory testing, which required 2 @entity2224 conversions without failure at < or = 21 J. @entity1 who passed their first 14-J and confirmatory tests, irrespective of the results of their second 14-J test, had their devices programmed to a 21-J shock for @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 > or = 200 bpm and were followed up for 1 year. Of 420 @entity1 who underwent 14-J vulnerability safety margin screening, 322 (76.7%) passed. Of these, 317 (98.4%) also passed 21-J confirmatory tests. Of 416 @entity1 who underwent 14-J defibrillation safety margin screening, 343 (82.5%) passed, and 338 (98.5%) also passed 21-J confirmatory tests. Most clinical @entity1165 / @entity2224 episodes (32 of 37, or 86%) were terminated by the first shock, with no difference in first shock success. In all observed cases in which the first shock was unsuccessful, subsequent shocks terminated @entity1165 / @entity2224 without complication. CONCLUSIONS: Although spontaneous episodes of fast @entity1165 / @entity2224 were limited, there was no difference in the odds of first shock efficacy between groups. Screening with vulnerability safety margin or defibrillation safety margin may allow for inductionless or limited shock testing in most @entity1 .

title: Inductionless or limited shock testing is possible in most @entity1 with implantable cardioverter- defibrillators/ @entity299 : results of the multicenter ASSURE Study ( XXXX Single Shock Defibrillation Threshold Testing Versus Upper Limit of Vulnerability: Risk Reduction Evaluation With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantations).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation', 'VF induction/defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined superficial femoral artery (SFA) and tibial angioplasty (TA) are a common treatment for @entity63 . Poor tibial runoff significantly compromises durability and clinical effectiveness of SFA interventions. The aim of this study is to determine clinical and anatomic outcomes of SFA interventions in @entity1 with equally compromised runoff, with and without concomitant TA. METHODS: The database of @entity1 undergoing endovascular treatment of SFA (1999-2009) was retrospectively queried. @entity1 with poor runoff, scored>10 by modified Society for Vascular Surgery criteria, were selected. Preoperative angiograms were reviewed to assess distal popliteal and tibial runoff. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess time-dependent outcomes. Factor analyses were performed for time-dependent variables. RESULTS: A total of 162 limbs with a runoff score>10 (56% @entity1 ; average age, 69 years) underwent endovascular intervention for symptomatic SFA disease: 61 (54% @entity1 ) underwent TA but the remaining 101 (57% @entity1 ) did not. The groups were matched for age, sex, and SFA anatomy (Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II C/D lesions: 56% no TA vs 62% TA; P=.5). Presenting symptoms were similar between no TA and TA groups ( @entity158 : 40% vs 32%; tissue loss: 60% vs 68%; P=.3). Three-year survival favored the TA group (79%  5%) vs no TA (68%  5%; P=.06). Three-year anatomic outcomes in no TA vs TA group, including primary patency (45%  6% vs 63%  8%; P=.04), assisted primary patency (55%  6% vs 75%  7%; P=.03), and secondary patency (57%  6% vs 77%  7%; P=.03) were all superior in the TA group. Target vessel revascularization in no TA vs TA (61%  6% vs 74%  8%; P=.002) and target extremity revascularization (42%  6% vs 59%  8%; P=.06) also favored the TA group. However the comparison of no TA vs TA for clinical success (39%  6% vs 47%  8%; P=.6), freedom from recurrent symptoms (59%  6% vs 60%  9%; P=.1), amputation-free survival (46%  5% vs 63%  7%; P=.06), and limb salvage at 3 years (63%  6% vs 74%  7%; P=.6) were similar. CONCLUSIONS: TA in @entity1 with poor runoff has a positive effect on SFA anatomic outcomes. However, clinical success was not affected. Concomitant TA appears not to add clinical benefit to SFA intervention in @entity63 .

title: Clinical efficacy of concomitant tibial interventions associated with superficial femoral artery interventions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: We assessed the prevalence of @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity785 and evaluated their functional significance through a comparison with echocardiographic findings. Seventy-two @entity1 with @entity785 and 64 controls underwent resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and M-mode, two-dimensional, Doppler and color Doppler echocardiography. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed in 48.7% of @entity1 . Conduction disturbances (27.7%) @entity1188 pattern (13.8%), non-specific ST-T wave changes (13.8%) and @entity8158 (11.1%) were the most frequent abnormalities. QTc interval was significantly longer in @entity1 with @entity785 than in controls. Significant differences between @entity1 and controls were found in the prevalence of long QTc interval (p = 0.0016) @entity1188 pattern (p = 0.0016), @entity8158 (p = 0.007) and non-specific ST-T wave abnormalities (p = 0.0016). All @entity1 with @entity1188 pattern and 90% of @entity1 with @entity1162 had some @entity854 . Electrocardiographic signs of @entity8158 were 16% sensitive and 93% specific for pulmonary @entity101 ; the sensitivity and specificity of the combination of @entity8158 , right @entity1283 and @entity714 were 35% and 90%, respectively. Standard ECG is useful to assess @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity785 . If @entity1188 pattern, @entity8158 or long QTc interval are present, a @entity299 is very likely.

title: Relationships between electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings in XXXX (scleroderma).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['echocardiographic abnormalities', 'electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QTc interval']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: A 13-year-old @entity1 with @entity981 underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling in the second remission phase. After the dose of @entity205 (CyA) was reduced, @entity1353 appeared on Day 117. CT revealed diffuse interstitial shadows on the bilateral lungs. The results of broncho-alveolar lavage suggested @entity10592 . The dose of @entity799 was increased, and @entity134 therapy was started. The symptoms transiently subsided, but exacerbated with a reduction in the @entity134 dose. On Day 139, mediastinal and subcutaneous @entity2415 appeared. We considered that non-infectious @entity401 was primarily involved in the pathogenesis for the following reasons: the @entity1 was negative for b-D-glucan early after onset, and there was a correlation between the @entity134 -dose reduction and condition. The @entity134 dose was again increased to 80 mg and the symptoms promptly subsided. When late-onset non-infectious @entity358 after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation lead to @entity2478 , the mortality rate is very high. However, survival may be achieved by intensifying immunosuppressive therapy in the early stage.

title: [Successful treatment with prednisolone for XXXX following @entity401 after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['air-leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity2478 :: (MESH:D019559,Disease) :: ['air-leak syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used as analgesic in @entity282 to reduce opioid side effects, such as drowsiness and @entity390 . However, NSAIDs have not been used extensively in cardiac surgical @entity1 due to the fear of untoward effects on gastric, renal, and coagulation parameters. This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of three NSAIDs for @entity158 control in CABG @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and twenty @entity1 scheduled for elective CABG surgery were enrolled in randomized, double blind, controlled study. Standardized fast track cardiac anesthesia was used. One dose of drug (75 mg @entity3522 , 100 mg @entity7988 , 100 mg @entity3352 , or placebo) was given pr one hour before tracheal extubation and a second dose 12 hr later. @entity158 was treated with @entity1286 iv and @entity1443 po. Visual analogue @entity158 scores were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hr after the first dose of drug. RESULTS: There were no differences among the groups in @entity158 scores. Only @entity1 who received @entity3522 required less @entity1286 than @entity1 in the control group (P < 0.05). When the total amounts of @entity158 medications were computed to @entity1286 equivalents, only @entity1 in the @entity3522 group received @entity158 medications than the placebo group (P < 0.05). Proportion of @entity1 with postoperative increase of @entity1011 level (20% and over) did not differ between placebo and drug groups. CONCLUSION: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be used for analgesia management post CABG surgery in selected @entity1 . @entity3522 appears to have the best analgesic effects by reducing the @entity1286 and other analgesic requirement postoperatively.

title: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in treatment of XXXX after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: We report the results of treatment in 57 @entity1 with @entity2792 associated with one poorly perfused, small kidney with less than 25 per cent of total 131I-hippurate uptake shown by renography. Arteriography in 29 @entity1 demonstrated occlusion of the artery of the small kidney, and in 28 there was @entity850 . In addition, 25 @entity1 had @entity850 of the artery supplying the larger contralateral kidney. Stenosis of the arteries of the contralateral kidneys was dilated by percutaneous transluminal arterioplasty in all but one of the 25 @entity1 with bilateral disease of the artery, @entity850 of the small kidney could be dilated successfully by percutaneous transluminal arterioplasty in 22 of the 28 @entity1 , and cure or improvement of blood pressure was achieved in 12 of them. Percutaneous transluminal arterioplasty of occluded arteries was generally unsuccessful. In 17 @entity1 with unilateral disease not manageable by percutaneous transluminal arterioplasty, nephrectomy of the small kidney improved blood pressure control without significant deterioration of renal function. Renal function improved in 10 @entity1 with bilateral lesions treated by nephrectomy of the small kidney in combination with contralateral percutaneous transluminal arterioplasty. Histological examination of excised kidneys showed large @entity1188 or several @entity165 emboli whether percutaneous transluminal arterioplasty had been attempted or not. After observation periods ranging from two to 79 months, 48 @entity1 were normotensive (21 without and 27 with medication) and nine @entity1 were still @entity101 even with medication. This study showed that by using percutaneous transluminal arterioplasty initially if possible, supplemented with nephrectomy and/or medication, normotension without loss of renal function or immediate serious complications could be obtained in the majority of these severely @entity101 @entity1 .

title: XXXX : the small kidney updated.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['Renovascular hypertension']


abstract: Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into one lateral geniculate nucleus of male inbred PVG/Mol hooded @entity35 is taken up by terminals of the optic nerve and transported retrogradely towards the opposite retina. Four hours after injection when a small portion of HRP had reached the retina, the eye and optic nerve were excised and incubated in vitro at 38 degrees C for another 3.5 hr during which the intraocular pressure (IOP) was set at 30 or 0 mmHg. During the in vitro period additional HRP entered the retina by axonal transport if the incubation medium contained enough @entity141 . Transport occurred at 0.45-1.1 mM @entity141 , but not at 0.30mM @entity141 . When transport occurred, no significant difference in degree of transport was found between the two pressures. The amount of HRP transported at 30 and 0 mmHg was very similar to that at 20 mmHg but significantly higher than that at 50 mmHg, (values at 20 and 50 mmHg from an earlier study). Thus, fast retrograde HRP transport was equally efficient at or near a physiological IOP as at zero pressure. Also, the degree of transport inhibition was not proportional to the height of the IOP, but started to increase above 30 mmHg. This is probably due to the presence of supporting tissue in the optic nerve head and inherent strength of the nerve fibers themselves. The lamina cribrosa in the @entity35 eye is poorly developed and a shearing force on the nerve fibers due to laminar hole misalignment can largely be excluded. Effects on blood circulation are also excluded by the in vitro situation.

title: Influence of low IOP and low calcium on retrograde axoplasmic transport in XXXX optic nerve in vitro.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Motor imagery, i.e., a mental state during which an individual internally represents an action without any overt motor output, is a potential tool to investigate action representation during development. Here, we took advantage of the inertial anisotropy phenomenon to investigate whether @entity1 can generate accurate motor predictions for movements with varying dynamics. @entity1 (9 and 11 years), adolescents (14 years) and young adults (21 years) carried-out actual and mental arm movements in two different directions in the horizontal plane: rightwards (low inertia) and leftwards (high inertia). We recorded and compared actual and mental movement times. We found that actual movement times were greater for leftward than rightward arm movements in all groups. For @entity717 , differences between leftward versus rightward movements were observed in the adults and adolescents, but not among the @entity1 . Furthermore, significant differences between actual and mental times were found at 9 and 11 years of age in the leftward direction. The ratio R/L (rightward direction/leftward direction), which indicates temporal differences between low inertia and high inertia movements, was inferior to 1 at all ages, except for the @entity717 at 9 years of age, indicating than actual and @entity717 were shorter for the rightward than leftward direction. Interestingly, while the ratio R/L of actual movements was constant across ages, it gradually decreased with age for @entity717 . The ratio A/M (actual movement/mental movement), which indicates temporal differences between actual and @entity717 , was near to 1 in the adults' groups, denoting accurate mental timing. In @entity1 and adolescents, an underestimation of mental movement times appeared for the @entity717 only. However, this overestimation gradually decreased with age. Our results showed a refinement in the motor imagery ability during development. Action representation reached maturation at adolescence, during which mental actions were tightly related to their actual production.

title: Mental representation of arm motion dynamics in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental movements', 'leftward movements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: This large-volume, single-institution review examines factors influencing long-term survival after resection in @entity1 with @entity420 of the head, neck, uncinate process, body, or tail of the pancreas. Between January 1984 and July 1999 inclusive, 616 @entity1 with @entity420 underwent surgical resection. A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database was performed. Both univariate and multivariate models were used to determine the factors influencing survival. Of the 616 @entity1 , 526 (85%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity420 of the head, neck, or uncinate process of the pancreas, 52 (9%) underwent distal pancreatectomy for @entity420 of the body or tail, and 38 (6%) underwent total pancreatectomy for @entity420 extensively involving the gland. The mean age of the @entity1 was 64.3 years, with 54% being male and 91% being white. The overall perioperative mortality rate was 2.3%, whereas the incidence of @entity260 was 30%. The median postoperative length of stay was 11 days. The mean @entity5 diameter was 3.2 cm, with 72% of @entity1 having positive lymph nodes, 30% having positive resection margins, and 36% having poorly differentiated @entity5 . @entity1 undergoing distal pancreatectomy for left-sided lesions had larger @entity5 (4.7 vs. 3.1 cm, P < 0.0001), but fewer node-positive resections (59% vs. 73%, P = 0.03) and fewer poorly differentiated @entity5 (29% vs. 36%, P < 0.001), as compared to those undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for right-sided lesions. The overall survival of the entire cohort was 63% at 1 year and 17% at 5 years, with a median survival of 17 months. For right-sided lesions the 1- and 5-year survival rates were 64% and 17%, respectively, compared to 50% and 15% for left-sided lesions. Factors shown to have favorable independent prognostic significance by multivariate analysis were negative resection margins (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.64, confidence interval [CI] = 0.50 to 0.82, P = 0.0004), @entity5 diameter less than 3 cm (HR = 0.72, CI = 0.57 to 0.90, P = 0.004), estimated @entity190 less than 750 ml (HR = 0.75, CI = 0.58 to 0.96, P = 0.02), well/moderate @entity5 differentiation (HR = 0.71, CI = 0.56 to 0.90, P = 0.005), and @entity86 (HR = 0.50, CI = 0.39 to 0.64, P < 0.0001). @entity5 location in head, neck, or uncinate process approached significance in the final multivariate model (HR = 0.60, CI = 0.35 to 1.0, P = 0.06). Pancreatic resection remains the only hope for long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity420 . @entity5 characteristics including @entity5 size and degree of differentiation are important independent prognostic indicators. @entity1753 is a strong predictor of outcome and likely decreases the independent significance of @entity5 location and nodal status.

title: Resected @entity420 XXXX : results, outcomes, and prognostic indicators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Completeness of resection and tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['Adjuvant chemoradiation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative chemoradiation']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3109 is the standard medication used to treat @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ). The lengthy treatment with @entity3109 , its perceived hepatotoxicity, and the increasing influx of foreign-born @entity1 from countries with a higher prevalence of @entity3109 resistance have compromised this regimen. In 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommended 4 months of @entity1215 (4R) as an acceptable alternative regimen to 9 months of @entity3109 (9H). In a county chest clinic in northern New Jersey, a self-administered 9H regimen for @entity1 with @entity9178 was generally prescribed until the year 2002. After recognizing poor completion rates, @entity9178 treatment was shifted predominantly to the alternative 4R regimen. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 placed on @entity9178 treatment during 2000 (predominantly a 9H regimen) and 2003 (predominantly a 4R regimen) were reviewed. A total of 474 @entity1 were included in the study. chi(2), Fishers exact, two-sample t, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The main outcome variable was treatment completion. RESULTS: A total of 80.5% of @entity1 receiving 4R and 53.1% receiving 9H completed treatment (p < 0.0001); 34.7% of @entity1 receiving 9H were unavailable for follow-up, compared to 12.6% receiving 4R (p = <0.0001). Fewer drug reactions were observed in the group receiving 4R compared to the group receiving 9H (3.1% vs 5.8%), although this was not statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis identified treatment regimen as a significant predictor for treatment completion (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3 to 8.1). Employment was negatively associated with treatment completion in the same model (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 receiving 4R were significantly more likely to complete therapy than those receiving 9H.

title: Enhancement of treatment completion for @entity9178 with 4 months of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoniazid', 'isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampin']


abstract: We report on a primary mediastinal large @entity1892 with aberrant expression of beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG). The @entity1 , a 33-year-old @entity1 , had cough, @entity1353 , fever, @entity4264 , and a mediastinal bulky @entity5 . A biopsy showed that the latter was characterized by large cells, @entity1463 , and compartmentalization. The neoplastic elements expressed @entity1195 , @entity2225 , @entity7571 and, partially, @entity5823 , whereas they were negative for CD3, epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins. Surprisingly, they displayed a clear-cut positivity for beta-hCG. The remaining oncofetal markers applied ( @entity18069 and @entity160 ) were negative. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of numerous nuclear pockets and the lack of intercellular junctions. DNA analysis by polymerase chain reaction showed clonal rearrangement of Ig heavy-chain genes. The @entity1 responded promptly to the administration of MACOP-B. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of @entity1892 showing positivity for beta-hCG; a similar aberrant expression was previously observed only in three Japanese @entity1 with @entity2662 + adult @entity6494 . Because primary mediastinal large @entity1892 has in the past been frequently confused with @entity2971 , pathologists should be aware of possible beta-hCG expression by lymphomatous cells to avoid the risk of misdiagnosis.

title: Beta-HCG aberrant expression in primary mediastinal large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['superior vena cava syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha1-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma/leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the applicability and utility of unstimulated syalometry and instruments of evaluation of sicca complaints in a Sj  gren's syndrome outpatient clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed unstimulated syalometry to 45 consecutive Primary Sj  gren's Syndrome @entity1 ( @entity244 ) and 21 healthy asymptomatic individuals age and sex-matched. @entity244 @entity1 were further evaluated with Schirmer's test. We applied 3 published questionnaires to @entity244 @entity1 : @entity2133 Inventory (XI), Oral Health Impact Profile-short form (OHIP) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and correlated the results with syalometry and Schirmer's test. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's correlation). RESULTS: Salivary flux was significantly lower in @entity244 @entity1 , as compared to controls (0.08+/-0.01 ml/min versus 0.38+/-0.25 ml/min, p=0.000), and decreased with age. Syalometry didn't correlate with Schirmer's test. OHIP scores (mean 26.8 points, ranging from 2 to 43 for a maximum of 56 points) didn't correlate with syalometry neither with Schirmer's test, but showed an association with the XI (p<0.0005) and OSDI (p<0.0005) tests. The XI questionnaire (mean 28.4 points, ranging from 11 to 41 for a maximum of 44 points) correlated with syalometry (p=0.018), with the OHIP questionary (p<0.0005) and with the OSDI scale (p=0.004), although it didn't correlate with Schirmer's test. OSDI scores (mean 56.5 points, ranging from 7 to 90 for a maximum of 100 points) didn't correlate with Schirmer's test neither with syalometry, but associated with the XI (p=0.004) and OHIP (p<0.0005) scales. CONCLUSIONS: Unstimulated syalometry is useful in the evaluation of @entity1 suspected of suffering from Sj  gren's syndrome, since it can confirm @entity1887 in a quick and cheap manner, allowing to differentiate between healthy individuals and @entity1 . In a specialized clinic, the immediate availability of a salivary functional test is important in the classification of @entity244 or @entity10632 . The @entity2133 and xerophtalmia impact scales were mutually concordant, and since they evaluate the effects of the disease through time, could be helpful in our daily consultation.

title: [Applicability of syalometry and other instruments to evaluate XXXX and xerophtalmia in a Sj  gren's Syndrome outpatient clinic].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia', 'Xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['salivary hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ['sicca syndrome']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['xerostomia']


abstract: Endobronchial @entity3 of extrapulmonary @entity5 are very rare and they appear in 1-2% of all the pulmonary @entity3 cases. By their endoscopic presentation, they are similar to primary @entity153 . Eleven @entity1 with endobronchial @entity3 were presented, 8 male and 3 female. The average age was 58.27 years (from 37 to 72 years). Primary @entity703 existed in 2 @entity1 . The one was operated 5 years before the @entity3 appeared in bronchus, and the @entity3 in bronchial wall contributed to the discovery of primary @entity5 in the other @entity1 . Endobronchial @entity3 appeared in 3 @entity1 , 2 years after the surgery of malignant @entity694 , and in fourth @entity1 it appeared 5 years after the surgery. One female @entity1 sustained mastectomy and the radiation therapy was performed 11 years before the bronchial @entity3 occurred and the other female @entity1 had the disease revealed a year ago and the polytherapy was performed. In the female @entity1 with @entity1893 , the change in bronchus was revealed simultaneously as the @entity66 . Endobronchial @entity3 appeared in 2 @entity1 two years after the surgery of malignant @entity320 . The disease diagnosis was set by clinical-radiological examination, by endoscopy and by the comparison of histopathologic finding of primary @entity189 and @entity3 .

title: [Endobronchial XXXX in extrapulmonary @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non Hodgkin Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic or rectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Twenty @entity308 @entity1 seen in general practice were admitted to an open, uncontrolled pilot trial of a new 50 mg formulation of @entity8991 . Treatment was administered for four weeks and clinical progress assessed by the General Health Questionnaire, a new @entity308 rating scale and a new design of a visual analogue scale. Two @entity1 dropped out of the study, one because of side-effects and a second because it was necessary to change the dosage. Of the 18 @entity1 remaining 17 showed significant improvement during the four weeks treatment as assessed by the three clinical measures. Plasma levels of @entity8991 and @entity8992 were assayed. Steady-state appeared to be achieved between one and two weeks. Between two and four weeks levels of @entity8991 varied between 14 and 136 microng/ml with a mean level of 54-6 microng/ml and of @entity8992 , between 3-5 and 344-3 microng/ml with a mean level of 76-7 microng/ml The 50 mg formulation of @entity8991 appeared to produced therapeutic levels in 17 of the 18 @entity1 treated. Because so many @entity1 recovered in spite of individually variable plasma levels no correlations between clinical effect and plasma levels were demonstrable. Side-effects were not generally troublesome and were low in incidence. Correlations between plasma level and side-effects were inexplicably negative but rarely significantly so.

title: A clinical trial of a 50 mg formulation of XXXX ( @entity8991 ) with steady-state plasma level measurements.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity8992 :: ('MESH:C012273', 'Chemical') :: ['desmethylclomipramine']

answer: @entity8991 :: (MESH:D002997,Chemical) :: ['clomipramine']


abstract: Focus group discussions were held with @entity1 attending slum-based antenatal clinics and with male partners of pregnant @entity1 separately to evaluate knowledge and attitudes regarding @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) and acceptability of a proposed antenatal STD screening and treatment programme, including partner management. Subsequently, antenatal @entity1 found to have a STD were asked to refer their partner(s) for STD treatment. The institution's routine procedure of internal referral to the curative center was evaluated for loss to follow-up. Focus group @entity1 described common STD syndromes, knew that a pregnant @entity1 could transmit a STD to her @entity1 , and knew that all sex partners needed to be treated for @entity2953 . Discussion @entity1 disagreed on the possibility of asymptomatic @entity2953 and mentioned other ways of contracting @entity2953 beside sexual transmission. The response to the proposed programme was positive. Of 331 male partners named by antenatal @entity1 who were found to have at least one STD, 101 (30%) presented at the clinic through index referral, and an additional 38 (11.5%) presented because of health worker referral. Of the 59 @entity1 sent to the curative center for care, only 26 (44%) received treatment. The study demonstrated that in Haiti, partners of antenatal STD @entity1 can be treated without apparent adverse effects. However, internal referrals to separate treatment centres should be avoided. Following this study, education efforts have emphasized the curable nature of @entity2953 , the threat of vertical transmission, and frequent asymptomatic presentation of @entity2953 to promote prevention and treat more partners of STD @entity1 .

title: Introduction of partner referral and treatment for control of XXXX in a poor Haitian community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'woman', 'patients', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']


abstract: SCOPE: Review on new classifications of @entity5442 linked with their different pathophysiology. CURRENT SITUATION AND SALIENT POINTS: The classification of @entity5442 refined recently, taking into account clinical (such as isolated muscle involvement or not, association with @entity5 ...), immunological (presence or absence of auto-antibodies) and pathological criteria. This new classification has the ability to separate different clinical and physiopathological entities, having actually different prognosis factors. The most common @entity32 @entity121 include @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ), @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ), @entity5589 ( @entity5589 ), but also, overlap @entity5442 (defined, among others, by the presence of auto-antibodies), and @entity5442 associated to @entity5 . These @entity121 may be also distinguished by their histological features which also reflect their different underlying pathogeneses. The mechanism of @entity6017 is complement-mediated @entity455 , the @entity32 infiltrate being secondary to @entity16 . In @entity6558 the muscle fibres are damaged by cytotoxic @entity405 T lymphocytes. @entity5589 may be a @entity179 with accumulation of a variety of proteins within the fibres. The @entity32 infiltrate, which is similar to that seen in @entity6558 , may be secondary to accumulated proteins. PERSPECTIVES: These diseases with different pathogeny and prognosis should be treated by specific approaches. That is the reason why we initiated specific clinical trials for respectively @entity5589 and overlap @entity5442 .

title: [New classifications and pathophysiology of the XXXX @entity121 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic damage']

entities_list: @entity5589 :: ('MESH:D018979', 'Disease') :: ['inclusion body myositis', 'IBM']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathies']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory']


abstract: The @entity40397 gene encodes a highly conserved small nuclear protein with a unique @entity535 sequence and three-dimensional structure but unknown function. The gene is present in animals, plants, and protists but to date has only been found in few fungi. Here we report that @entity40397 homologs are also present in all four species from the genus @entity25577 , @entity6739 , @entity25577 , S. cryophilus, and @entity25908 , which, however, are an exception in this respect among Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The @entity40397 protein sequence is moderately conserved within the genus (58% identity between @entity6739 and @entity25908 ), but the intron-rich genes have almost identical intron-exon organizations in all four species. In @entity6739 , erh1(+) is expressed at a roughly constant level during vegetative growth and adaptation to unfavorable conditions such as nutrient limitation and hyperosmotic stress caused by @entity5121 . Erh1p localizes preferentially to the nucleus with the exception of the nucleolus, but is also present in the cytoplasm. Cells lacking erh1(+) have an aberrant cell morphology and a comma-like shape when cultured to the stationary phase, and exhibit a delayed recovery from this phase followed by slower growth. Loss of erh1(+) in an auxotrophic background results in enhanced arrest in the G1 phase following nutritional stress, and also leads to @entity56 to agents inducing hyperosmotic stress ( @entity5121 ), inhibiting DNA replication ( @entity1862 ), and destabilizing the plasma membrane ( @entity214 ); this @entity56 can be abolished by expression of @entity6739 erh1(+) and, to a lesser extent, @entity25908 erh1(+) or @entity1 @entity40397 . Erh1p fails to interact with the @entity1 @entity40398 and @entity40399 / @entity40399 proteins, known molecular partners of @entity1 @entity40397 . Our data suggest that in @entity25577 sp. erh1(+) is non-essential for normal growth and Erh1p could play a role in response to adverse environmental conditions and in cell cycle regulation.

title: Identification and functional analysis of the erh1(+) gene encoding enhancer of rudimentary homolog from the @entity6739 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25908 :: ('4897', 'Species') :: ['S.japonicus', 'S. japonicus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity25577 :: ('4899', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces', 'S. octosporus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']


abstract: A Pseudomonas @entity6475 possessing azoreductase activity was utilized to decolorize a reactive @entity24740 dye (C. I. Reactive Red 22) with fed-batch processes consisting of an aerobic cell growth stage and an anaerobic fed-batch decolorization stage. The fed-batch decolorization was conducted with different @entity2146 and aeration rates, initial culture volumes, dye loading strategies, and @entity375 extract to dye (Y/D) ratios, and the effect of those operation parameters on @entity24740 dye decolorization was evaluated. Dissolved @entity26 strongly inhibited the @entity24740 reduction activity; thus aeration should be avoided during decolorization but slight @entity2146 (around 50 rpm) was needed. With the periodical feeding strategy, the specific decolorization rate (v(dye)) and overall decolorization efficiency (eta(dye)) tended to increase with increasing feeding concentrations of dye, whereas substrate inhibition seems to arise when the feeding concentration exceeded 600 mg dye/L. In the continuous feeding mode, higher initial culture volume resulted in better eta(dye) due to higher biomass loading, but lower v(dye) due to lower dye concentration in the bioreactor. With a volumetric flow rate (F) of 25 mL/h, both v(dye) and eta(dye) increased almost linearly with the increase in the loading rate of dye (F(dye)) over the range of 50-200 mg/h, while further increase in F(dye) (400 mg/h) gave rise to a decline in v(dye) and eta(dye). As the F was doubled (50 mL/h), the v(dye) and eta(dye) increased with F(dye) only for F(dye) < 80 mg/h. The best v(dye) (113.7 mg dye g cell(-)(1) h(-)(1)) and eta(dye) (86.3 mg dye L(-)(1) h(-)(1)) were achieved at F(dye) = 200 mg/h and F = 25 mL/h. The yield coefficient representing the relation between dye decolorized and @entity375 extract consumed was estimated as 0.8 g/g. With F(dye) = 75 mg/h, the Y/D ratio should be higher than 0.5 to ensure sufficient supply of @entity375 extract for stable fed-batch operations. However, performance of the fed-batch decolorization process was not appreciably improved by raising the Y/D ratio from 0.5 to 1.875 but was more sensitive to the changes in the dye loading rate.

title: Fed-batch bioreactor strategies for microbial decolorization of @entity24740 dye using a Pseudomonas XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['luteola strain']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity6475 :: (MESH:D013180,Disease) :: ['luteola strain']


abstract: @entity3807 ( @entity3807 ) is a rare condition of unknown aetiology characterized by chronic non-specific inflammation of the retroperitoneum. The aim of this study is to describe, for the first time, the features of Spanish @entity1 with @entity3807 . In this retrospective study, a clinical description was performed to examine the histopathological features, radiologic findings, laboratory data and treatment of a cohort of 24 @entity3807 Spanish @entity1 who were admitted to Vall d'Hebron Hospital in Barcelona (Spain) between 1982 and 2009. @entity1 with @entity3807 were excluded. Nineteen @entity1 (79.1 %) were male, whereas 5 were female. The mean age at diagnosis was 51.8        16.4 years. @entity158 (79.1 %) and @entity3041 (70.8 %) were the most common clinical manifestations. Abdominal computed tomography and ultrasonography were performed on all cases. Acute-phase reactants were elevated in most @entity1 . Thirteen surgical biopsies were performed, and all were consistent with retroperitoneal @entity82 . @entity134 therapy was given in 19 cases, and eight @entity1 (42.1 %) required urethral catheterisation. @entity177 ( @entity177 ) rate after 2 years of follow-up was 42.8 %, more frequently in @entity1 with higher serum @entity1011 at diagnosis. @entity3807 in Spain is a rare condition affecting mainly middle-aged males, with @entity158 and @entity3041 as the most frequent manifestations. @entity230 are the mainstay treatment, and @entity177 is the main sequel. An earlier diagnosis and uniform treatment protocols could prompt lower @entity177 rates.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathological study in 24 Spanish cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis', 'IRPF', 'secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3807 :: (MESH:D012185,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed associations between parenting a @entity1 with @entity2438 and stress indicators. METHODS: In the 2003 National Survey of @entity1 's Health, parents or other knowledgeable adult respondents for @entity1 aged 4 to 17 years reported their recent feelings about their life sacrifices to care for their @entity1 , difficulty caring for their @entity1 , frustration with their @entity1 's actions, and anger toward their @entity1 . Responses were compiled in the Aggravation in Parenting Scale. Parents of @entity1 reported to have @entity2438 (N = 459) were compared with parents of: (1) @entity1 with special health care needs including emotional, developmental, or @entity146 other than @entity2438 that necessitated treatment ( @entity1 with other developmental problems [N = 4545]); (2) @entity1 with special health care needs without developmental problems (N = 11475); and (3) @entity1 without special health care needs (N = 61826). Weighted estimates are presented. RESULTS: Parents of @entity1 with @entity2438 were more likely to score in the high aggravation range (55%) than parents of @entity1 with developmental problems other than @entity2438 (44%), parents of @entity1 with special health care needs without developmental problems (12%), and parents of @entity1 without special health care needs (11%). However, within the @entity2438 group, the proportion of parents with high aggravation was 66% for those whose @entity1 recently needed special services and 28% for those whose @entity1 did not. The parents of @entity1 with @entity2438 and recent special service needs were substantially more likely to have high aggravation than parents of @entity1 with recent special service needs in each of the 3 comparison groups. Conversely, parents of @entity1 with @entity2438 but without recent special service needs were not more likely to have high aggravation than parents of @entity1 with other developmental problems. CONCLUSIONS: Parenting a @entity1 with @entity2438 with recent special service needs seems to be associated with unique stresses.

title: The relationship between XXXX and parenting stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: The wingless mutant fl  gellos (fl) of the @entity12638 lacks all four wings. Although wing discs of the fl seem to develop normally until the fourth larval instar, wing morphogenesis stops after the fourth larval ecdysis, probably caused by aberrant expression of an unidentified factor, referred to as fl. To characterize factor fl, the wing discs dissected from the @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and fl larvae were transplanted into other larvae and developmental changes of the discs were examined. When the wing disc from a @entity164 larva was transplanted into another @entity164 larva and allowed to grow until emergence, a small wing appeared that was covered with scales. Thus, the transplanted wing discs can develop autonomously, form scales and evert from adult skin. The @entity164 wing discs transplanted into the fl larvae also developed at a high rate. However, the fl wing discs transplanted into the @entity164 larvae did not develop during the larval to pupal developmental stages. These data suggest that the fl gene product (factor fl) works in the wing disc cells during wing morphogenesis. Its function cannot be complemented by hemolymph in the @entity164 larva. It is also implied that the level of humoral factors and hormones required for wing morphogenesis are normally maintained in the fl larva.

title: Reciprocal transplantation of wing discs between a wing deficient mutant (fl) and wild type of the XXXX , @entity12638 .

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['silkworm']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of major opioids in the treatment of @entity4512 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Systematic review. A sensitive search strategy was undertaken in MEDLINE and EMBASE up to April 2005. The Cochrane Library and the abstracts of the 2004-2005 meetings of the American College of Rheumatology were also hand searched. All randomized controlled trials of major opiods in @entity1 with @entity4512 were selected. An analytical review was performed and evidence tables produced. A meta-analysis was run when appropriate. RESULTS: We obtained 427 references from the search, (27 duplicated from MEDLINE and EMBASE, 2 from the Cochrane Library, and 5 abstracts), of which 68 articles plus one meeting abstract were selected for detailed analysis. Of these, 23 finally met the inclusion criteria. Combined analysis of oral major opioids versus placebo showed significant improvement in @entity158 relief in @entity1 with @entity571 . CONCLUSIONS: Specific major opioids can reduce @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity85 . The clinical trials report positive effects on @entity158 and the meta-analysis confirms these effects.

title: [Systematic review: are major opioids effective in the treatment of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['chronic musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: Tumour imprints of 75 resection specimens with @entity1 @entity2 (lobe and lungs) were fixed with @entity167 and Feulgen-stained. Resection specimens were cut into serial sections 6 mm thick and @entity5 mass, @entity5 involvement into intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary lymph nodes, detailed pTN-stage were determined. DNA-content, DNA-index, percentage of diploid/hyperploid @entity5 cells, and morphometric nuclear features were measured using an automated image analyzing system (VISIAC). Only 10% of the measured @entity189 were diploid. The DNA-index showed the broadest variance in large cell @entity189 (1.2-3.3). @entity189 growing predominantly within the alveolar space, i.e. without destroying the interstitial tissue showed a lower DNA-content above 3c and above 5c compared to @entity189 destroying the interstitial tissue. @entity189 with severe stroma reaction were found to have 33%-48% of DNA above the 3c value whereas @entity189 without stromal reaction had a percentage above 3c ranging 46%-64% (confidence limits, p less than 0.05). DNA-index increases with increasing @entity5 volume and decreases for large @entity5 (greater than 100 ccm). @entity5 were found more frequently in case of pT2 and @entity1803 -stages compared to @entity2558 -stages. No relation of DNA-content or ploidy was found to lymph node involvement and inflammatory response of host tissue.

title: DNA-content, inflammatory tissue response and @entity5 size in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperploid and polyploid tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'Carcinomas', 'anaplastic carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the @entity5424 for Reduction in @entity64 and Other @entity1031 in @entity955 (ARISTOTLE) trial, @entity5424 compared with @entity1229 reduced @entity64 and systemic @entity887 , major @entity548 , and mortality. We evaluated treatment effects in relation to 2 predictions of time in therapeutic range (TTR). METHODS AND RESULTS: The trial randomized 18 201 @entity1 with @entity955 to @entity5424 5 mg twice daily or @entity1229 for at least 12 months. For each @entity1 , a center average TTR was estimated with the use of a linear mixed model on the basis of the real TTRs in its @entity1229 -treated @entity1 , with a fixed effect for country and random effect for center. For each @entity1 , an individual TTR was also predicted with the use of a linear mixed effects model including @entity1 characteristics as well. Median center average TTR was 66% (interquartile limits, 61% and 71%). Rates of @entity64 or systemic @entity887 , major @entity548 , and mortality were consistently lower with @entity5424 than with @entity1229 across center average TTR and individual TTR quartiles. In the lowest and highest center average TTR quartiles, hazard ratios for @entity64 or systemic @entity887 were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-1.00) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.57-1.35) (Pinteraction=0.078), for mortality were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.74-1.13) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.71-1.16) (Pinteraction=0.34), and for major @entity548 were 0.50 (95% CI, 0.36-0.70) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.58-0.97) (Pinteraction=0.095), respectively. Similar results were seen for quartiles of individual TTR. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of @entity5424 compared with @entity1229 for @entity64 or systemic @entity887 , @entity548 , and mortality appear similar across the range of centers' and @entity1 ' predicted quality of international normalized ratio control.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX compared with @entity1229 at different levels of predicted international normalized ratio control for @entity64 prevention in @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic Events']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['Apixaban', 'apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5424 :: (MESH:C522181,Chemical) :: ['apixaban']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasal @entity1127 are characterized by a proliferation of the epithelial layer of the mucosa, cellular infiltrates and other pathological changes; however the mechanisms involved in polyp pathogenesis remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVES: We have taken two different approaches to study the cellular events involved in @entity1412 . METHODS: First, through use of immunohistochemical methods, we have studied the expression of HLA class II antigens in epithelial cells of @entity480 and the distribution of lymphocytes in the epithelium and in the subepithelial layer in @entity1 with clinical conditions, such as @entity565 , @entity402 , @entity117 intolerance or @entity1577 , and in subjects with an absence of concomitant diseases. Second, in order to investigate whether HLA class II expression is controlled at the pre- or post-transcriptional level, we studied the effect of @entity379 ) on epithelial cells in primary culture, which were derived from HLA class II negative and HLA class II positive @entity480 . Total RNA was extracted from the cells and reverse-transcribed, and the c-DNA corresponding to DR, DP, DQ loci was amplified by PCR. RESULTS: Expression of HLA class II antigens by the epithelia of @entity480 was more common in the presence rather than in the absence of concomitant @entity565 , @entity402 or @entity1577 (59% versus 40%). HLA-DR was the only HLA class II antigen expressed in the seven @entity1127 taken from @entity1577 @entity1 . The number of @entity405 + cells was significantly higher in @entity1127 associated with known clinical conditions and HLA class II antigen expression than it was in 'isolated' @entity1127 and in HLA class II negative @entity1127 . RNA transcripts for at least one or all three HLA-DR, DP and DQ antigens were detected in 10 cultures of the II HLA class II positive @entity1127 . Conversely, 8 of 10 cultures derived from HLA class II negative @entity1127 did not express HLA class II transcripts in the absence of @entity379 . Adding @entity379 (100 U/ml) to the latter cell cultures caused expression of transcripts of one or more HLA class II genes. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that HLA class II antigens were more frequently detected in @entity1127 of @entity1 with an identified clinical syndrome than in those of asymptomatic subjects. Our results also suggest that @entity379 regulates expression of HLA class II antigens in airway epithelial cells of the @entity480 at the transcriptional level, and that cultured cells from @entity480 represent a suitable model to investigate immune mechanisms involved in diseases such as @entity402 , @entity565 and @entity1577 .

title: HLA class II antigens and T lymphocytes in XXXX nasal epithelial cells. Modulation of the HLA class II gene transcripts by gamma interferon.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (INF gamma', 'IFN gamma', 'INF gamma']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiology and pattern of @entity11253 in the Armed Forces of Pakistan in terms of anatomical distribution of @entity130 . DESIGN: A descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: January 2001 to Jan 2004 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, AFID, Rawalpindi. @entity1 AND METHODS: Three hundred consecutive @entity1 of Armed Forces of Pakistan with @entity11253 reporting to AFID and admitted to the hospital or treated as out- @entity1 in the oral surgery clinic, were included in this study. @entity174 were excluded from the study. Anatomical distribution, frequency and etiology of @entity174 , rank at job and occupational as well as personal hobbies were recorded. Descriptive analyses were used to determine mean, standard deviation, percentage and range values. RESULTS: The most frequent @entity174 was the mandible, which accounted for 159 cases (53%). The zygomatic complex was fractured in 51 cases (17%), the maxilla in 12 cases (4 %), and the alveolar process in 21 cases (7%). The most common cause was road traffic accident (168 cases; 56%), followed by @entity2332 (69 cases; 23%), @entity130 (27 cases; 9%), sports related @entity130 (15 cases; 5%), and injury associated with a fight (12 cases; 4%); there were only 9 cases of animals related @entity130 (3%). CONCLUSION: In this series, mandible was the most commonly @entity174 , while road traffic accident was the most common etiological factor. Results could be influenced by the personal and working environment.

title: Etiology and pattern of XXXX in the Armed Forces of Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11253 :: ('MESH:D008446', 'Disease') :: ['maxillofacial injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'bone fractured', 'fractured facial bone', 'Isolated nasal bone and frontal sinus fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'gunshot injuries']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['accidental fall']

answer: @entity11253 :: (MESH:D008446,Disease) :: ['maxillofacial injuries']


abstract: The genetic basis of @entity162 ( @entity162 ) and @entity161 ( @entity161 ) has been established through numerous clinical and molecular studies. Although often considered separate nosological entities, evidence now suggests that the two syndromes may share some genetic liability. Recent studies have used a composite phenotype ( @entity716 ) that includes @entity162 , @entity161 , @entity716 not otherwise specified, and @entity914 , to identify shared susceptibility loci. Several chromosomal regions are reported to be shared between these syndromes (18p, 6q, 10p, 13q, 22q). As a part of our endeavor to scan these regions, we report a positive linkage and association finding at 18p11.2 for @entity716 . Two-point linkage analysis performed on a series of 52 multiplex pedigrees with 23 polymorphic markers yielded a LOD score of 2.02 at D18S37. An independent set of 159 parent offspring trios was used to confirm this suggestive finding. The TDT analysis yielded support for association between the marker D18S453 and the disease allele (chi2 = 4.829, P < 0.028). This region has been implicated by several studies on @entity162 [Sjoholt et al. (2004); Mol Psychiatry 9(6):621-629; Washizuka et al. (2004); Biol Psychiatry 56(7):483-489; Pickard et al. (2005); Psychiatr Genet 15(1):37-44], @entity161 [Kikuchi et al. (2003); J Med Dent Sci 50(3):225-229; Babovic-Vuksanovic et al. (2004); Am J Med Genet 124(3):318-322] and also as a shared region between the two diseases [Ishiguro et al. (2001); J Neural Transm 108(7):849-854; Reyes et al. (2002); Mol Psychiatry 7(4):337-339; Craddock et al. (2005); J Med Genet 42(3):193-204]. Our findings provide an independent validation of the above reports, and suggest the presence of susceptibility loci for @entity914 in this region.

title: Evidence of linkage and association on 18p11.2 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SCZ']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses', 'schizoaffective disorder']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early experience with intravenous @entity1140 at high doses (0.1-0.15 mg/kg/day) was associated with frequent clinical @entity137 . The optimal dosing regimen after pediatric heart transplantation is unknown. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data on the last 45 pediatric heart transplant recipients to document the time required to achieve therapeutic blood levels and the safety of 2 differing intravenous dosing regimens ( @entity1140 0.03 _ 0.05 mg/kg/day as continuous i.v. infusion). Target plasma levels were (1.2-1.7 ng/ml) with levels >2.0 ng/ ml considered toxic, and target whole blood levels were 15-20 ng/ml with levels >25 ng/ml considered toxic. RESULTS: Mean age at transplantation was 7.5 +/- 5.6 years (0.1-18), and 14 were @entity1 . Intravenous @entity1140 was commenced at a mean of 7 +/- 3 hours (range 2-16) after arrival in the ICU. Eight @entity1 were excluded from analysis because of protocol modifications. Of the remaining 37 pts, 9 received initial infusion at 0.03 mg/kg/day; 3 (33%) achieved 'therapeutic' levels within 48 hours and 1 @entity1 had a toxic level (27 ng/ml) at 36 hours. Twenty-eight @entity1 received 0.05 mg/kg/day; 18 (64%) achieved therapeutic levels within 48 hours and 9 (32%) developed toxic levels. @entity1 with toxic whole blood levels had higher @entity1140 levels on first blood assay compared to those who did not develop @entity137 (16.4 +/- 3.4 vs 9.3 +/- 3.9, p < .0001; level >10 ng/ml on first assay in 7/7 toxic @entity1 vs 7/19 without @entity137 , p = .004). @entity1 receiving the higher dose regimen had fewer episodes of moderate or severe rejection (> or =Grade 3A) at first biopsy than those receiving the lower dose infusion (32% vs 75%; p = .046). No @entity1 required renal dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Dosing below 0.05 mg/kg/day may result in clinically important delay in achieving therapeutic levels. @entity137 may be reduced by frequent monitoring of levels for the first 48 hours after transplantation especially when the initial level is >10 ng/ml.

title: Optimal dosing of intravenous XXXX following pediatric heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: @entity1 class II histocompatibility antigens were purified from the @entity9653 -transformed @entity1 B lymphoblastoid cell line LG-2 by immunoaffinity chromatography. This is the first time all three subsets have been prepared as nonradioactive materials on a milligram scale. The yields of DR, DQ, and DP from 10 g of cells were approximately 12, 2, and 0.2 mg, respectively. Cross-contamination of the subsets was found to be less than 2% when assayed by measuring the binding of antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies to antigen immobilized on fixed erythrocytes. The three purified subsets were extensively characterized. They contained no detectable invariant chain. The three proteins were distinguished by their migration on @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The denatured antigens were susceptible to partial removal of @entity1735 by endoglycosidase H and apparently complete removal of @entity1735 by endoglycosidase F. The isolated, denatured chains differed in their affinities for radiolabeled lectins, suggesting differences in @entity1735 structures. A water-soluble form of each antigen was prepared by a controlled papain digestion of the native antigen. Both native and denatured antigens were analyzed for their reactivities with a panel of class II antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies, allowing a precise definition of the specificities of the antibodies.

title: Purification and characterization of class II histocompatibility antigens from a homozygous XXXX B cell line.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Species') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1715 ( @entity1715 ) can arise from an exaggerated wound-healing response by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) is a simple phospholipid, which is secreted by cells, activates G protein-coupled receptors, and appears to contribute to wound healing in other tissues. The present study examined the effects of @entity4991 on three aspects of the behavior of cultured @entity1 RPE cells that are important in the pathogenesis of @entity1715 : proliferation, @entity6722 , and contraction. METHODS: @entity1 RPE cells were harvested from donor eyes and cultured using standard culture techniques. Proliferation was assessed by counting cells, cell migration with a modified Boyden chamber, and contraction by seeding RPE cells in a collagen cell. RESULTS: @entity4991 (10 microM) induced RPE cell proliferation and @entity425 , but no gel contraction. RPE cell proliferation increased in a dose-dependent manner from 0.1-100 microM @entity4991 . Consistent with @entity4991 actions at a receptor, an @entity4991 analogue, @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ), was much less effective than @entity4991 in stimulating proliferation and the proliferative response was blocked by pertussis or @entity3081 toxin. @entity8558 (PA) induced a similar proliferative response as @entity4991 . CONCLUSION: These suggest that @entity4991 can potently stimulate RPE cell proliferation via activation of a G-protein coupled receptor. @entity4991 , which can be released by thrombin-activated platelets and growth factor-activated fibroblasts, might, therefore, play a role in the development of @entity1715 .

title: @entity4990 stimulates proliferation of XXXX retinal pigment epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['Proliferative vitreoretinopathy', 'PVR']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weak chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate mortality and neurological outcomes of @entity64 in @entity884 ( @entity884 ) @entity1 requiring cardiac surgery. METHODS: A consecutive series of 214 @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery for @entity884 was followed up for 20 years. In 65 @entity1 (mean age, 52 years), @entity884 was complicated by computed tomography- or magnetic resonance imaging-verified @entity64 (n=61) or transient @entity63 attack (n=4). Perioperative (30-day) and long-term mortality was assessed with regression models adjusting for age. Complete neurological recovery of @entity884 survivors was defined by a modified Rankin score of < or = 1 and a Barthel index of 20 points. RESULTS: Fifty of 61 @entity64 @entity1 (81.9%) survived surgery. In comparison with nonstroke @entity1 , the age-adjusted perioperative mortality risk was 1.70-fold (95% CI, 0.73 to 3.96, P=0.22) higher and long-term mortality risk was 1.23-fold (95% CI, 0.72 to 2.11, P=0.45) higher in @entity64 @entity1 . @entity1 with complicated @entity64 ( @entity693 , @entity548 , or @entity867 ) showed a higher perioperative mortality rate (38.9% vs 8.5%, P=0.007) but no higher @entity16 rate than @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity385 . Complete neurological recovery was achieved in 35 @entity884 survivors (70%, 95% CI, 55% to 82%). However, in the case of @entity2500 , recovery was only 50% and was significantly lower compared with non- @entity2500 (P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Uncomplicated @entity884 -related @entity64 showed a favorable prognosis with regard to both long-term survival and neurological recovery. The formidable risk of secondary @entity1779 due to cardiac surgery seems to be much lower than previously thought.

title: Neurological outcome of septic @entity64 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic cerebral stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complication']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: Young male @entity28 (cp/cp) and lean (cp/+ or +/+) littermates of the SHR/N-corpulent (cp) strain were fed purified diets containing 54% @entity1735 as either @entity969 or cooked starch for 12 wk. A significant effect of phenotype ( @entity28 greater than lean) was observed on body weight, epididymal fat pad weight and fat cell size. A diet effect (sucrose greater than starch) was observed on body weight, fat pad weight, and fat cell size. No effect of phenotype or diet was observed on basal @entity10546 transport in isolated adipose cells. However, insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake was decreased 70-80% in isolated adipose cells from @entity28 SHR/N-cp @entity35 . No effect of diet on insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake was observed in @entity28 SHR/N-cp @entity35 . Scatchard analysis of insulin binding data demonstrated no differences in the dissociation constant (KD) for the insulin receptor:insulin complex. However, @entity28 @entity35 exhibited a decreased number of insulin receptors compared to lean SHR/N-cp @entity35 . These data demonstrate that the @entity28 SHR/N-cp @entity35 exhibits insulin-resistant @entity413 transport. This altered insulin sensitivity may be one factor contributing to the development of @entity2175 in these animals.

title: Insulin resistant XXXX transport activity in adipose cells from the SHR/N-corpulent @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity10546 :: ('MESH:D019325', 'Chemical') :: ['3-O-methylglucose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']