abstract: @entity5 cells depend on aerobic glycolysis for @entity855 ( @entity855 ) production, making energy metabolism an interesting therapeutic target. @entity896 (BP) has been shown by others to inhibit hexokinase and eradicate @entity19 hepatocarcinomas. We report that similar to the glycolysis inhibitor @entity897 (DG), BP rapidly decreased cellular @entity855 within hours, but unlike DG, BP concomitantly induced mitochondrial depolarization without affecting levels of reducing equivalents. Over 24h, and at equitoxic doses, DG reduced @entity413 consumption more than did BP. The observed BP-induced loss of @entity855 is therefore largely due to mitochondrial effects. Cell death induced over 24h by BP, but not DG, was blocked by @entity898 , indicating involvement of reactive @entity26 species. BP-induced @entity137 was independent of @entity899 . When combined with @entity900 or @entity901 , BP led to massive cell death. The anti-proliferative effects of low-dose @entity902 were strikingly potentiated also in resistant @entity899 -deficient cells. Together with the reported lack of @entity137 , this indicates the potential of BP as a clinical chemopotentiating agent.

title: @entity896 as XXXX cell energy metabolism and chemopotentiator of @entity902 drugs.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity896 :: ('MESH:C017092', 'Chemical') :: ['3-Bromopyruvate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['inhibitor of tumour']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: DNA methylation of secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) can be detected in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) tissue, in tissue of @entity652 , and in aberrant crypt foci, whereas in normal colorectal mucosa tissue, SFRP genes are unmethylated. Recently, our study group was able to demonstrate @entity12317 methylation as the most sensitive single DNA-based marker in stool for identification of @entity14 . The purpose of this study was to clarify whether @entity12317 methylation in fecal DNA can be found in stool of individuals with @entity5072 and adenomatous @entity1127 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity1127 or showed negative colonoscopy were included in this study. DNA from stool samples was isolated. @entity12317 methylation was assessed by means of MethyLight. RESULTS: Stool samples from 68 individuals were checked for DNA content; 23% of the samples (6 of 26) from healthy controls, 46% of the samples (6 of 13) from @entity1 with @entity1127 , and 45% of the samples (13 of 29) from @entity1 with @entity652 were positive for @entity1 DNA. @entity12317 methylation in stool samples was found in none of the healthy controls, in 33% (2 of 6) @entity1 with @entity1127 , and in 46% (6 of 13) @entity1 with @entity652 . Statistical analysis revealed that the frequency of @entity12317 methylation increased significantly (P=0.028) from healthy controls to @entity1 with @entity1127 and to @entity1 with @entity652 . CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, we report for the first time that @entity12317 methylation in fecal DNA increases significantly from healthy controls to @entity1 with @entity1127 and to @entity1 with @entity652 . @entity12317 methylation may serve as a marker for molecular stool-based @entity652 and @entity14 screening.

title: XXXX methylation in fecal DNA--a marker for @entity1127 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity12317 :: (6423,Gene) :: ['SFRP2']


abstract: Thalamocortical connections are a neuroanatomical feature shared among vertebrates, although the extent and organization of these connections vary among species. From an evolutionary standpoint, reptiles represent early stages of the pattern of connectivity between the thalamus and cortex, and elucidation of these pathways may help to reveal the biological significance of these projections. The present tract tracing study was performed to examine the organization of thalamocortical projections in the pond turtle, @entity8308 elegans. All experiments were carried out using in vitro brain preparations. Injections of @entity11480 into the medial cortex resulted in labeled neurons in the ipsilateral dorsomedial anterior nucleus of the thalamus, those in the dorsomedial cortex labeled neurons in the dorsolateral anterior nucleus, and injections into the dorsal cortex resulted in labeled neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. Injections of @entity11480 into these thalamic nuclei confirmed the projections to the cortex. Finally, @entity11480 injections primarily into the medial cortex resulted in bilateral label of axons and terminals in the suprapeduncular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The results of the @entity11480 injections revealed a topographic pattern of thalamocortical connections such that medial cortical regions connect with medial thalamic nuclei and lateral cortical regions connect with lateral nuclei. These findings suggest that the presence of functionally segregated thalamocortical projections is a conserved feature of brain organization among amniotes. Moreover, this work describes a descending pathway linking cortical regions with the red nucleus via the hypothalamus thereby providing indirect cortical control of the reptilian rubrospinal system.

title: Thalamocortical connections in the pond turtle XXXX elegans.

entities_list: @entity8308 :: ('34903', 'Species') :: ['Pseudemys scripta']

entities_list: @entity11480 :: ('MESH:C070614', 'Chemical') :: ['neurobiotin']

answer: @entity8308 :: (34903,Species) :: ['Pseudemys scripta']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of lid debridement-scaling (LDS) on @entity936 signs and symptoms in subjects with @entity751 ( @entity751 ). METHODS: This prospective randomized controlled study enrolled 14 female subjects with @entity751 . Seven subjects were randomized into the treatment group where they were selected to receive LDS; the remainder did not receive LDS and served as control subjects. Lid debridement-scaling was conducted using a stainless steel golf club spud (Hilco Wilson Ophthalmics, Plainville, MA) on both the @entity735 . Outcome variables were assessed before LDS and again 1 month later. The outcome variables were the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Symptom Assessment iN Dry Eye (SANDE) visual analog scores, ocular staining ( @entity10632 OSS [Sj  gren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance Ocular Staining Score]), @entity941 tear breakup time (FLBUT), @entity14938 ( @entity14938 ), meibomian gland yielding liquid secretions (MGYLS) score, and line of Marx's (LOM) position. RESULTS: Thirteen subjects completed the study. Data from only the right eye were analyzed. For the control group (n = 6; mean [  SD] age, 62.3 [  11.6] years), the pre-LDS, post-LDS, and significance level (pre-LDS mean [  SD] vs. post-LDS mean [  SD]; p value) were as follows: OSDI (58.3 [  22.1] vs. 48.3 [  29.0]; p = 0.051), SANDE (77.4 [  22.1] vs. 89.6 [  32.6]; p = 0.20), @entity10632 OSS (7.0 [  4.5] vs. 8.2 [  3.5]; p = 0.25), @entity14938 (1.3 [  1.5] vs. 1.0 [  0.9]; p = 0.75), MGYLS (0.3 [  0.5] vs. 0.0 [  0.0]; p = 0.50), FLBUT (2.99 [  1.54] vs. 2.85 [  1.79]; p = 0.63), and LOM (2.0 [  0.0] vs. 2.0 [  0.0]; p = n/a). For the treatment group (n = 7; mean [  SD] age, 58.0 [  8.1] years), the pre-LDS, post-LDS, and significance level were as follows: OSDI (63.2 [  13.3] vs. 46.9 [  19.4]; p = 0.04), SANDE (72.6 [  17.1] vs. 77.0 [  28.0]; p = 0.54), @entity10632 OSS (6.6 [  2.9] vs. 5.0 [  3.9]; p = 0.02), @entity14938 (1.0 [  1.2] vs. 3.1 [  1.7]; p = 0.01), MGYLS (0.0 [  0.0] vs. 0.6 [  1.0]; p = 0.50), FLBUT (3.13 [  0.81] vs. 3.45 [  1.03]; p = 0.53), and LOM (0.9 [  0.9] vs. 1.0 [  1.0]; p = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study showed that LDS improved symptoms, ocular staining, and meibomian gland function for the group that received LDS. This indicates that LDS can aid in the management of @entity936 .

title: Effect of Lid Debridement-Scaling in Sj  gren XXXX .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['upper and lower eyelids of both eyes']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Sj  gren syndrome', 'SS']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye', 'SS dry eye']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity14938 :: ('MESH:D017043', 'Disease') :: ['meibomian gland score', 'MGS']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['Syndrome Dry Eye']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Great reductions in @entity311 mortality have been accomplished in the last 15 years, in part due to the widespread roll-out of insecticide-treated bednets across sub-Saharan Africa. To date, these nets only employ @entity312 , insecticides that that target the voltage-gated @entity1372 ion channel of the @entity311 vector, @entity313 . Due to the growing emergence of An. gambiae strains that are resistant to @entity312 , there is an urgent need to develop new public health insecticides that engage a different target and possess extremely low @entity1 @entity137 . In this review, we will describe efforts to develop highly species-specific and resistance-breaking inhibitors of An. gambiae acetylcholinesterase (AgAChE). These efforts have been greatly aided by advances in knowledge of the structure of the enzyme, and two major inhibitor design strategies have been explored. Since AgAChE possesses an unpaired @entity2569 residue not present in @entity1 @entity10810 , a logical strategy to achieve selective inhibition involves design of compounds that could ligate that @entity2569 . A second strategy involves the design of new molecules to target the catalytic @entity563 of the enzyme. Here the challenge is not only to achieve high inhibition selectivity vs @entity1 @entity10810 , but also to demonstrate @entity137 to An. gambiae that carry the @entity17673 resistance mutation of AgAChE. The advances made and challenges remaining will be presented. This review is part of the special issue "Insecticide Mode of Action: From Insect to @entity1 @entity137 ._quot.

title: Discovery of Species-selective and Resistance-breaking Anticholinesterase Insecticides for the XXXX Mosquito.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethroids']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['Malaria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1.   @entity16466 (RH), a primary active component isolated from rhubarb, is effective in protecting against the progression of @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) progression. @entity11950 (GA), an active constituent of liquorice, is also considered to be a protective agent against @entity2316 . Here, we evaluated the effect of GA on the renal penetration of RH in @entity35 . 2.   Plasma and renal pharmacokinetics were profiled to estimate kidney penetration. After @entity35 were anesthetized, the carotid artery was used for blood collection and a microdialysis probe was inserted into the kidney cortex to collect dialysate samples. 3.   When co-administered with GA, the Vss and CL values of RH in plasma increased by 25% and 34%, respectively. The Cmax in kidney dialysates significantly increased 1.3-fold (p   <   0.05). There was no change in AUC0-    in kidney dialysates, but a significant decrease (2   *   fold) in the plasma was observed. The AUC0-   kidney/AUC0-   plasma ratio of RH, representing kidney penetration, increased by 1.4-fold in the group pre-treated with GA compared to the RH alone group. 4.   These results demonstrate that GA increases the renal penetration of RH efficiently and may exert a synergistic effect, although the molecular mechanism of interaction requires further investigation.

title: Effect of @entity11950 on @entity16466 renal penetration: a microdialysis study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity11950 :: ('MESH:D019695', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycyrrhizic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A 10-year-old spayed female Boxer-mix was presented with a history of several weeks of soft stools, straining to defecate, inappetance, and lethargy and several days of @entity360 , @entity476 , and @entity1142 . Physical examination findings included mild @entity591 and tense cranial abdomen. CBC results indicated moderate mature neutrophilia. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen revealed a large mass with complex echogenicity in the cranial abdomen, likely associated with the intestines. Cytologic examination of a fine-needle aspirate revealed a population of round, stellate, and spindle-shaped cells arranged individually and in aggregates with occasional cells embedded in an eosinophilic extracellular matrix. The cytologic interpretation was malignant @entity361 with @entity421 being the primary differential. Surgical exploration of the abdomen revealed a 10-cm-diameter mass located at the intestinal mesenteric root. The mass occluded blood flow to portions of the gastrointestinal tract. The @entity235 was euthanized due to the nonresectable nature of the @entity5 . Histopathologic examination revealed an expansile poorly demarcated @entity361 composed predominantly of spindloid and pyriform cells, occasionally embedded in a matrix compatible with osteoid. The diagnosis was @entity421 of the intestinal mesenteric root, only rarely reported in @entity235 .

title: Primary mesenteric root XXXX in a @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['extraskeletal osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['dyschezia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fatal aortic dissection occurs at young age in @entity1614 . Prevention relies on elective replacement of the aortic root. The placement of an external aortic root support, tailored to the anatomy of the individual @entity1 has been proposed as a feasible alternative. DESIGN, SETTING AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: External aortic root support was offered to @entity1 with @entity1614 with aortic root diameter of 40-55 mm and without @entity337 . By computer-aided design, a model of the individual @entity1 's aorta was created from cardiac magnetic resonance images and a bespoke external aortic support was manufactured. Comparative measurements were made of the ascending aorta at the level of closure of the aortic valve cusps from magnetic resonance imaging studies taken preoperatively, at first follow-up, and at most recent follow-up. For @entity1 having aortic root surgery at the same institution, in the same time frame as the first 10 @entity1 , clinical data were retrieved on Marfan and other @entity1 having aortic root replacement to serve as a reference data. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were operated upon from May 2004 to October 2009, 13 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 , median age 33 years. All 20 @entity1 are alive and well at the time of last follow-up. Preoperative aortic diameters were 40-54 mm. All postoperative images were satisfactory with an overall reduction in aortic root dimensions. The surgery took half the time of other aortic root surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used only in the first @entity1 , @entity741 was not required in any @entity1 , and no postoperative anticoagulation is mandated. CONCLUSIONS: The primary objective of this surgery was fully achieved in 19 of the 20 @entity1 , reinforcing the ascending aorta while leaving the native aortic valve intact and conserving the blood/endothelium interface.

title: External aortic root support for XXXX : early clinical results in the first 20 recipients with a bespoke implant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan syndrome']


abstract: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed on @entity1 over 70 years of age with @entity706 and complete remission (CR) was achieved in three @entity1 who are reported here. Case 1: An 87-year-old @entity1 who had been treated for @entity2621 for 10 years as an outpatient was diagnosed as having a diffuse-small cell, B-cell @entity706 by an aspiration biopsy of the @entity5 in the left thyroid. COP-BLAM chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy achieved CR. Case 2: A 71-year-old @entity1 was referred to our department because of a right cervical @entity5 . A biopsy of the @entity5 revealed a diffuse medium-sized, B-cell @entity706 . She also has been proved to have @entity1375 . She entered CR after COP-BLAM chemotherapy combined with a radiotherapy. Case 3: A 76-year-old male @entity1 with @entity2621 who had been treated for 12 years at another outpatient clinic, presented with a right cervical @entity5 . Aspiration biopsy of the @entity5 yielded a diagnosis of @entity1892 . COP-BLAM chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy achieved a CR. All three @entity1 entered CR after chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. Moreover, the microsome test and thyroid test also became negative after the combined modality therapy. In the future, there will probably be increases in the incidence of @entity706 , due to the aging of society, and it will be necessary to establish methods of diagnosis and treatment for this disease.

title: [3 cases of elderly XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['type lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland']


abstract: We describe a 2-year-old @entity1 born to healthy, consanguineous parents. He had craniofacial asymmetry with left frontal bossing, @entity90 , proptosis, and @entity6787 . In addition, he had curly, light hair, and @entity4616 patches in the abdomen, lower limbs and back and one hyperpigmented patch in the groin without acanthosis nigricans. Cranial three-dimensional CT scan showed right-coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid suture synostoses. His cranial MRI at 2-months of age showed left @entity6788 , @entity509 of @entity6789 , and an abnormal configuration of hippocampus. In spite of these cranial findings, he had mild @entity245 and his neurological examination showed symmetric strength, tone and reflexes. Apart from @entity410 , there was no history of @entity302 . The proband developed asymmetric @entity1276 at the age of 18 months that required third ventriculostomy. Post-operative cranial MRI showed @entity1645 and asymmetry of cerebral hemispheres but less @entity6349 cerebral cortex. Mutation analysis of @entity2557 showed a @entity6790 , @entity6791 substitution. To the best of our knowledge, these manifestations have not been reported in @entity1 with @entity6792 .

title: @entity6792 with pigmentary disorder and probable XXXX : An expansion of the phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity90 :: ('MESH:C564570', 'Disease') :: ['midface hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I- like malformation']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity6787 :: ('MESH:C537239', 'Disease') :: ['low-set ears']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6792 :: ('MESH:C537369', 'Disease') :: ['Muenke syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['oval hypomelanotic']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity6788 :: ('MESH:D065705', 'Disease') :: ['hemimegalencephaly']

entities_list: @entity6791 :: ('p|SUB|P|250|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Pro250Arg']

answer: @entity6788 :: (MESH:D065705,Disease) :: ['hemimegalencephaly']


abstract: This study was done to evaluate prospectively the clinical significance of @entity6522 . In the 1,030 consecutive outpatients undergoing colonoscopy, the information on the demographics, the patterns of bowel symptoms, and the prevalence of @entity1586 were analyzed according to the presence of @entity6522 . The mean age of 1,030 @entity1 were 52.2 yr and 59.3% were male. The prevalence of @entity7261 was 19.7% (203/1,030). Of 203 @entity7261 @entity1 85.2% were in proximal group, 5.4% in distal group and 9.4% in both group. Six (3.0%) @entity1 were found to have @entity4436 . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an old age, @entity6 and the presence of polyp were significant factors associated with proximal or both @entity7261 . A significant difference was demonstrated between the @entity1 of distal diverticular group and the controls for the symptom frequency scores within the previous 4 weeks. The items, which showed difference, were hard stool, urgency, flatus, chest discomfort and frequent urination. In conclusion, old age, @entity6 and the presence of @entity1586 were associated with proximal @entity7261 . The temporal symptoms were more frequent in distal @entity7261 than in proximal @entity7261 in the study subjects.

title: Clinical significance of @entity6522 associated with bowel symptoms and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6522 :: ('MESH:D043963', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyp']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colon polyp']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of @entity1 with @entity521 with unfavorable biologic features is controversial. To evaluate the outcome of @entity1 with low-stage @entity4180 -amplified @entity521 and develop a rational treatment strategy, data from the International @entity521 Risk Group (INRG) database were analyzed. @entity1 AND METHODS: The database is comprised of 8,800 @entity1 . Of these, 2,660 @entity1 (30%) had low-stage (International @entity521 Staging System stages 1 and 2) @entity521 , known @entity4180 status, and available follow-up data. Eighty-seven of these @entity1 (3%) had @entity4180 amplified @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity4180 -amplified, @entity5 had less favorable event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) than did @entity1 with nonamplified @entity5 (53% +/- 8% and 72% +/- 7% v 90% +/- 1% and 98% +/- 1%, respectively). EFS and @entity1349 were statistically significantly higher for @entity1 whose @entity5 were @entity981 rather than diploid (EFS, 82% +/- 20% v 37% +/- 21%; P = .0069; @entity1349 , 94% +/- 11% v 54% +/- 15%; P = .0056, respectively). No other variable had prognostic significance. Initial treatment consisted of surgery alone for 29 (33%) of 87 @entity1 . Details of additional therapy were unknown for 14 @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 (25%) underwent surgery and moderate-intensity chemotherapy; another 22 underwent surgery, intensive chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Nine of the latter 22 underwent stem cell transplantation. Survival in @entity1 who received transplantation did not differ from survival in those who did not receive transplantation. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with low-stage, @entity4180 -amplified @entity521 , outcomes of @entity1 with @entity5 were statistically, significantly better than those with @entity5 . The data suggest that @entity5 cell ploidy could potentially be used to identify candidates for reductions in therapy. Further study of @entity4180 -amplified, low-stage @entity521 is warranted.

title: Significance of @entity4180 amplification in international @entity521 staging system stage 1 and 2 @entity521 : a report from the International XXXX Risk Group database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid tumors', 'tumor', 'diploid tumors', 'low-stage tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'localized neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastoma']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 with @entity3140 were evaluated for @entity1635 in 1972. Twenty-one @entity1 had @entity1635 of 5 degrees or more and 15 had @entity1635 of 10 degrees or more. Fifteen of these @entity1 had long-term follow-up periods. Thirteen @entity1 had @entity2112 . @entity2112 associated with @entity3140 could be divided into three groups, and the progression of @entity1635 was predictable within each group. All but one of these @entity1 had a relatively benign course and did not require treatment. Double curves with rotation progressed throughout the growth period. Double curves with Grade 0 rotation tended not to be progressive. Single curves did not have @entity717 and resolved spontaneously or remained stable. Magnitude of @entity4218 did not correlate with the curve magnitude, progression, or pattern. Muscle imbalance did not appear implicated as a cause for the @entity1635 in these @entity1 . Young age at discovery of the curve did not correlate with progression of the curve.

title: " @entity2112 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['congenital upper-limb deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic scoliosis', 'idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotation deformity']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['congenital upper-limb deficiency']


abstract: To assess avoidance of hepatic first-pass effect of drugs, we undertook in situ experiments using rectal administration of @entity3303 in the @entity95 . We also employed in situ duodenal route to estimate first-pass metabolism across the @entity344 . @entity95 were administered @entity3303 @entity5828 intravenously (i.v., 50 mg/20 min) and portally (i.p.v., 33.3, 16.7, 8.3 mg/20 min) and avoidance of hepatic first-pass effect (Fh) was calculated from the area under curve (AUC). Fh was about 30% and did not vary with increasing i.p.v. dose. Intravenous and i.p.v. administration was followed by duodenal (i.d.) or rectal (i.r.) administration and the absorption (fa), Fh, and avoidance of first-pass effect in the duodenal mucosal membrane (Fm) were determined. With i.d. administration, @entity3303 was absorbed completely with negligible first-pass effect in the mucosa (Fm=1). On the other hand, while @entity3303 was also absorbed almost completely via the i.r. route, avoidance of first-pass effect was 60%, representing twice the bioavailability via i.d. administration. On the basis of these data, assuming that the first-pass effect in the rectal mucosa was negligible, we estimate the fraction of rectal venous drainage bypassing the portal circulation and thus hepatic metabolism (fnh) to be about 40%.

title: Avoidance of hepatic first-pass effect in the XXXX via rectal route of administration.

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal mucosa']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: We present the case of a 66-year-old @entity1 in whom a large @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) in the right thoracic cavity caused intermittent symptoms of @entity4053 . A diagnosis was made of non-islet cell @entity5 @entity4053 on the basis of the presence of @entity4053 requiring continuous @entity413 infusion, elevated serum @entity5100 ( @entity5100 ), and a large well-defined @entity5 in the right thoracic cavity. The @entity1 underwent complete resection of the @entity5 . Histological examination revealed @entity5 cells with a @entity2698 -like vascular pattern. Mitotic figures and @entity39 areas were rare, and cellular atypia and nuclear pleomorphism were mild. Under immunohistochemical examination, the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2280 . Overexpression of @entity5100 mRNA in the @entity5 was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase-chain reaction. The diagnosis of @entity2460 with @entity5100 production was confirmed. Immediately after surgery, her serum @entity413 level was normalized (without the need for @entity413 infusion) and serum @entity5100 level was decreased. Two years after surgery, the @entity1 remains alive and well, with no signs of recurrence or @entity4053 .

title: Large XXXX with overexpression of @entity5100 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spindle tumor']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-2', 'IGF-2']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['SFT', 'solitary fibrous tumor']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: AIM: @entity15091 ( @entity15091 ) is the most common @entity25 in developmental age, with a prevalence of 6-10% between 5 and 16 years of age, impacting on normal emotional and relational developing. Assessing the prevalence of mild @entity4207 in enuretic @entity1 and the role of enuresis as risk factor to develop them. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 (14 males) aged 7.59 referred for primary nocturnal enuresis to @entity25 Center for developmental age and Nocturnal Enuresis of Second University of Naples (frequency >= 3/week), were enrolled in study. Reading abilities were evaluated using MT ( @entity4207 ) and cognitive performance was assessed using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity1 -Revised version to excluded the subjects with IQ <=75. The control group consisted in 54 @entity1 (23 males) matched for age and sex distribution recruited in Campania region schools. Chi Square test was used to verify the different prevalence of academic problems in group of bedwetters and healthy controls. The P level was set at <0.05 for statistical significance. A logistic regression analysis was performed in order to assess the risk of developing @entity4207 by being enuretic. RESULTS: @entity4207 were present in 18 enuretic and in 7 healthy @entity1 (  2 24.873; P<0.001).   2 test showed a statistic relevant difference in prevalence of "Attention request" (  2 20.058; P<0.001) and "Border-line level" (  2 12.979, P<0.001) identified in mild reading @entity4207 in bedwetters respect of control group. Logistic regression analysis showed a strong increase to have mild @entity73 due to be a enuretic with an odd ratio (OR) of 17.26 (CI95% 5.30-56.19). CONCLUSION: Our study shows the higher pre-valence of mild reading difficulties in enuretic @entity1 than controls.

title: @entity15091 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['academic impairment']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disorders', 'learning disabilities', 'Memory and Learning Transfer', 'Learning difficulties']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep Disorder', 'sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity15091 :: ('MESH:D053206', 'Disease') :: ['PNE', 'Primary nocturnal enuresis']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['learning disability']


abstract: Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity459 were studied four to eight years after their initial operation. In six @entity1 , both the pathologist and surgeon agreed on the diagnosis of solitary @entity652 ; in 16 @entity1 , the surgeon diagnosed solitary @entity652 and the pathologist @entity3243 ( @entity1373 ). In 16 @entity1 , primary @entity1373 was agreed upon by the pathologist and surgeon. In the 16 @entity1 with @entity1373 , there have been no long-term recurrences of @entity2741 , but, in two @entity1 , plasma @entity461 levels are high. @entity461 --total @entity460 regression curves demonstrate significant preoperative correlation in solitary @entity652 , p less than 0.01, and primary @entity1373 , p less than 0.05. After operation, significant correlations were not found between @entity461 and total @entity460 . T-testing slope differences of pre- and postoperative @entity461 --total @entity460 regression curves demonstrates a significant (p less than 0.01) shift to the right of the @entity1373 @entity1 after operation, moving them to a broader range of total @entity460 per picogram @entity461 . We conclude that 1) in @entity459 , positive regulation of total @entity460 by autonomously released @entity461 exists in @entity1 with solitary @entity652 and @entity1373 ; 2) autonomously functioning parathyroid tissue has been removed by operation for solitary @entity652 with coexistent microscopic @entity3243 . In this four- to eight-year follow-up period, it is clear that microscopic @entity3243 is not associated with recurrent @entity2741 . Two functionally distinct forms of parathyroid suppression are suggested; positively regulated @entity1373 and negatively regulated pathologically suppressed glands.

title: Primary hyperparathyroidism: four- to eight-year postoperative follow-up demonstrating persistent functional insignificance of microscopic XXXX and decreased autonomy of @entity461 release.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic hyperplasia', 'chief cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['Parathyroid hormone', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia']


abstract: Recent clinical studies have suggested that alkalinization of local anaesthetic agents may shorten the onset time and lengthen their duration of action. In clinical practice, @entity4388 1.4 and 4.2% are often added to local anaesthetic agents to obtain these effects. We evaluated pH changes of 4 local anaesthetic solutions commonly used for obstetrical epidural anaesthesia, in order to develop titration curves with @entity4388 1.4 and 4.2%. Local anaesthetic agents tested included @entity3303 2% and @entity1341 0.25% with and without @entity1425 . Each one was divided in 10 mL aliquots, and supplemented with 25 micrograms of @entity681 (1 mL). The pH measurement were made with a pH-meter P 500 with a combined electrode (TBC 12/HS) in the standard solution and after incremental addition of 0.5 mL of 1.4 or 4.2% @entity4388 . The percentage of the free form of local anaesthetic was calculated for each step, using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Results showed that alkalinization is not beneficial with @entity1425 free solutions. Increasing volumes of @entity4388 , buffered the acidic effect of @entity4389 present in solutions containing @entity1425 , and increased the percentage of the free form of local anaesthetic to the level of @entity1425 free solutions. From this pH point upwards, the gain is poor and precipitates are generated. This study suggests that 1 mL of 4.2% @entity4388 for 10 mL of local anaesthetic solution is the best theorical choice for alkalinization of a local anaesthetic associated with @entity1425 .

title: [In vitro effects of the alkalinization of 0.25% @entity1341 and 2% XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4389 :: ('MESH:C009279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bisulfite']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: Significant improvements of graft and @entity1 survival have been achieved over the past 20 years in the field of intestinal transplantation. @entity1140 monotherapy with @entity288 , or in combination with @entity3446 is the most commonly used immunosuppressive regimen. Early (24h) after experimental allogenic small bowel transplantation in @entity35 , @entity3446 reduces the cellular and molecular inflammatory response with subsequent graft @entity4423 more efficiently than @entity1140 , with contrary effects at 7 days after transplantation. This study evaluates three immunosuppressive strategies in the post-acute phase after intestinal transplantation - @entity1140 or @entity3446 monotherapy and the combination therapy of @entity1140 with infliximab. After orthotopic intestinal transplantation between Brown Norway and Lewis @entity35 , animals received 14 days of immunosuppressive treatment. Histology, infiltration of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, cytokine and mediator mRNA expression (real time RT-PCR) and smooth muscle function in a standard organ bath were assessed at 14 days after transplantation in all treatment groups and isogenic controls. Allogenic transplanted @entity35 without immunosuppressive therapy and non-transplanted animals served as further control. @entity1140 prevented acute rejection and graft @entity4423 more effectively (p >=  0.05) than @entity3446 . Reduced mRNA expression levels of @entity11264 , IFN-y, @entity568 , @entity13358 , @entity1506 , @entity14185 , @entity1505 and @entity4647 (p  <= 0.05) were observed in @entity1140 treated animals compared to @entity3446 . Additional infliximab application did not influence the cellular and molecular inflammatory response in the post-acute phase after transplantation. In conclusion, the severe cellular and molecular inflammatory response in allogenic transplanted grafts without immunosuppressive therapy is ameliorated by all three immunosuppressive regimens, but @entity1140 was found to be more efficient than @entity3446 at 14 days after transplantation. Our findings do not rule out the usage of @entity3446 as single immunosuppressive therapy, but indicate and confirm the potency and effectivity of @entity1140 as basis immunosuppressant in the field of intestinal transplantation.

title: Effects of immunosuppressive therapy after experimental small bowel transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The evolution of @entity13522 ( @entity13522 ) activity and @entity13522 molecular form distribution were studied in slow-tonic @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) and in fast-twitch @entity13523 ( @entity13523 ) muscles of @entity1573 2-18 days of age. In @entity1347 as well as in @entity13523 muscles, the @entity13522 -specific activity increased transiently from day 2 to day 4; the activity then decreased more rapidly in @entity13523 muscle. During this period asymmetric @entity13522 forms decreased dramatically in @entity1347 muscle and the globular forms increased. In @entity13523 muscle, the most striking change was the decline in A8 form between days 2 and 18 of development. Denervation performed at day 2 delayed the normal decrease in @entity13522 -specific activity in @entity13523 muscle, whereas little change was observed in @entity1347 muscle. Moreover, A forms in these two muscles were virtually absent 8 days after denervation. Direct electrical stimulation depressed the rise in @entity13522 -specific activity in denervated @entity13523 muscle and prevented the loss of the A forms. Furthermore, the different molecular forms varied according to the stimulus pattern. In @entity1347 muscle, electrical stimulation failed to prevent the effect of denervation. This study emphasizes the differential response of denervated slow and fast muscles to electrical stimulation and stresses the importance of the frequency of stimulation in the regulation of @entity13522 molecular forms in @entity13523 muscle during development.

title: Posthatching changes in levels and molecular forms of @entity13522 in slow and fast muscles of the XXXX : effects of denervation and direct electrical stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior latissimus dorsi', 'ALD']

entities_list: @entity13522 :: ('396388(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity13523 :: ('MESH:D001041', 'Disease') :: ['posterior latissimus dorsi', 'PLD']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: There is little information describing the match running demands of elite-level @entity10479 ( @entity10479 ). The aims of this study were to examine: (1) match running demands; and (2) the influence of periods of increased physical activity on subsequent running performance in the Australian Football League. Time-motion analyses were performed 1-9 times per player from 16 professional @entity10479 players from the same club during games in 2005-2007, using portable global positioning systems during 65 matches. Game movements (standing, walking, jogging, running, higher-speed running, and sprinting) and distances ( @entity348 [ @entity348 ]; low-intensity activity [LIA, distance <14.4kmh(-1)]; and, high-intensity running distance [HIR, distance>14.4kmh(-1)]) were collected. The influence of the first half physical activities on second half activities, and each quarter on the subsequent quarter were analysed. The mean (+/-SD) @entity348 and HIR distance covered during the games were 12,939+/-1145m and 3880+/-663m respectively. There were reductions in @entity348 in the second (-7.3%), third (-5.5%) and fourth (-10.7%) quarters compared to the first quarter (p<0.01). The HIR was reduced after the first quarter (p<0.001). Players that covered larger @entity348 or HIR during the first half or quarter decreased distance in the next half and quarter, respectively (p<0.001). These results show that a reduction in exercise intensity is inevitable during an @entity10479 match and that higher intensity activities reduce towards the end of games. High average speed during each half or quarter also affects subsequent running performance in elite-level @entity10479 .

title: Match running performance in elite XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['Australian Rules Football', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'total distance covered']

answer: @entity10479 :: (MESH:D065309,Disease) :: ['Australian Rules Football']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1875 is considered to be an anesthetic agent with few or no negative inotropic effects. This study evaluated a possible direct depressant effect of @entity1875 on sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 accumulation and cardiomyocytes. METHODS: The effects of @entity1875 on intracellular @entity141 transients were evaluated in isolated @entity35 cardiomyocytes using a microfluorometric technique with Indo-1. Sarcoplasmic reticulum function was also assessed by measuring the oxalate-stimulated @entity141 uptake from homogenates of @entity35 ventricles. RESULTS: The @entity141 uptake capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was decreased by @entity1875 (10(-4) M). Large concentrations of @entity1875 decreased the rate of decrease of the intracellular @entity141 transient, which resulted in an increase of diastolic @entity141 when the diastolic interval was decreased. The increased diastolic @entity141 also resulted in a decrease in @entity141 transient. This effect appeared for lower doses (10(-5) M) after a short diastolic pause rather than after a long (2- to 3-min) rest (appearing at 10(-4) M). CONCLUSIONS: For doses more than 10(-5) M, @entity1875 induces a @entity141 uptake capacity impairment of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This is probably responsible for a slowing of the decrease of the @entity141 transient, which in turn increases the diastolic @entity141 for high heart rate. These diastolic modifications may participate in the slight negative inotropic effect of the drug.

title: @entity1875 -induced modifications of cardiomyocyte calcium transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['Propofol', 'propofol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4711 are potentially blinding @entity74 that share some similarities with @entity4712 . @entity74 have associated retinal pigment epithelial changes, poor night vision, @entity227 , and abnormal electroretinographic findings, which are not found in families with @entity794 -associated @entity4712 . In addition, rhegmatogenous @entity1713 are uncommon in @entity4711 but occur in approximately 50% of @entity1 with either @entity4712 or erosive @entity1715 . OBJECTIVES: To identify the chromosomal location of the genes involved in @entity4711 and to distinguish these conditions genetically from @entity4712 . METHODS: Fifteen affected members of a family affected with erosive @entity1715 and 24 affected descendants of the pedigree described by Wagner were genotyped with a set of short tandem repeat polymorphisms distributed across the genome. RESULTS: Significant linkage was observed in each family between the disease phenotype and markers that map to chromosome 5q13-14. The highest lod score for the family affected with erosive @entity1715 was 4.2 and was obtained with marker GATA3H06 (theta = 0). The highest lod score for the family affected with @entity4711 was 5.8 and was obtained with marker D5S815 (theta = 0). A candidate gene ( @entity3882 ) that is known to lie near the linked interval was screened for mutations, but none was found in either family. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that erosive @entity1715 and @entity4711 are @entity74 and demonstrate that they are genetically distinct from @entity794 -associated @entity4712 .

title: Genetic linkage of XXXX to chromosome 5q13-14.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity4712 :: ('MESH:C580472', 'Disease') :: ['Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant diseases', 'However, both disorders', 'allelic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4711 :: ('MESH:C536075', 'Disease') :: ['Wagner disease', 'Wagner disease and erosive vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity3882 :: ('1404', 'Gene') :: ['cartilage link protein']

answer: @entity4711 :: (MESH:C536075,Disease) :: ['Wagner disease and erosive vitreoretinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1272 has been reported up to 40% in @entity565 @entity1 , and a relationship between @entity1272 and @entity565 severity has been previously characterized. However, the mechanism for @entity1272 in @entity565 @entity1 is not clear. @entity18289 ( @entity18289 ) is a newly identified channel that is involved in active epithelial magnesium transport, and downregulation of @entity18289 in the kidney was related to reduced @entity1025 reabsorption in @entity19 model. The aim of the study was to investigate whether plasma and erythrocyte @entity1760 levels were correlated with renal expression of @entity18289 mRNA in C57BL/6 asthmatic @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 48 healthy C57BL/6 @entity19 were randomly divided into asthmatic group and control group with 24 @entity19 in each group. Each group were randomly taken out 8 @entity19 at 1d, 21d, 34d to detect plasma @entity1025 , intracellular @entity1025 and renal @entity18289 mRNA expressions. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in plasma @entity1025 , intracellular @entity1025 and @entity18289 mRNA expression of renal tissues between asthmatic group and control group at 1d. However, plasma @entity1025 and intracellular @entity1025 as well as @entity18289 mRNA of renal tissues in asthmatic group were significantly lower than that of control group at 21d and at 34d. Both plasma @entity1025 and intracellular @entity1025 were positively correlated with @entity18289 mRNA expression in the renal tissues. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the consistently reduced expression of @entity18289 mRNA may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1272 in C57BL/6 asthmatic @entity19 .

title: Decreased renal mRNA expression of @entity18289 is associated with @entity1272 in C57BL/6 asthmatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18289 :: ('225997(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Transient receptor potential melastatin 6', 'TRPM6']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia', 'Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity3176 were fed diets for 22 months containing 0.79 mg @entity165 /kcal and 40% of calories as either safflower oil or butter with or without the addition of an @entity172 - and @entity1871 -containing oral contraceptive. Plasma @entity165 concentrations ranged from 199 to 250 mg/dl. Animals consuming the safflower oil diet had plasma @entity165 concentrations that averaged 61 mg/dl lower than those consuming butter. At least 72% of this lowering was due to a reduction in low density lipoproteins. @entity412 concentrations were also slightly lower in animals consuming the safflower oil diet. The oral contraceptive lowered total plasma @entity165 concentrations in both diet groups by an average of 41 mg/dl with 54% of this lowering (22 mg/dl) due to a reduction in high density lipoprotein @entity165 . This effect occurred only during the 3 weeks while the contraceptive was being administered and was not apparent 1 week after stopping the drug. Animals consuming safflower oil had bile that was more lithogenic and had more @entity5990 than did those consuming butter. Addition of the oral contraceptive caused a slight increase in bile lithogenicity, but this increase was not statistically significant. There was no significant interaction between the oral contraceptive and either of the diets to exacerbate @entity2963 . At the plasma @entity165 concentrations achieved only minimal amounts of @entity731 developed and there were no indications of differences due to diet or oral contraceptive in the extent of @entity731 .

title: Influence of dietary fats and an oral contraceptive on plasma lipids, high density lipoproteins, @entity5990 , and XXXX in @entity3176 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['African green monkeys']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the @entity1486 era most @entity263 presents at an early stage. However, a significant number of @entity1 have @entity1442 , including those with stage IV disease. Assignment to @entity5 may occur by different modes, namely as T4N0M0 vs N1 vs M1 disease. We hypothesize that @entity1 with clinical T4 disease have better outcomes than those with N1 or M1 disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 17 SEER registries were queried from 1995 through 2003. Multivariate and univariate analyses examined overall survival and @entity263 specific survival across subcategories of stage IV disease while controlling for various @entity1 and disease related characteristics. RESULTS: There were 615 @entity1 with cT4N0M0 disease, 3,189 with TxN1M0 and 10,893 with TxNxM1 who met the study inclusion criteria. Survival differences were observed between cT4N0M0 and M1 @entity5 , between N1 and M1 disease, and were most pronounced in younger @entity1 (age 50 years or younger), gradually narrowing with increasing @entity1 age. Factors that demonstrated significant association with poor survival included higher @entity5 grade, unknown @entity5 grade and absence of a spouse. CONCLUSIONS: Staging systems based on American Joint Committee on Cancer/TNM staging enables the grouping of @entity1 into homogenous categories for treatment selection and prognostication. However, our data suggest that not all stage @entity263 behave similarly. The difference in survival among locally advanced (T4), node positive and distantly metastatic @entity5 appears to be dependent on @entity1 age.

title: XXXX : survival differences in clinical T4, nodal and metastatic disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'IV prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV prostate cancer', 'tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage IV prostate cancer']


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that physical activity could delay or attenuate the symptoms of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). But the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. To investigate the effect of long-term treadmill exercise on the spatial memory of @entity195 @entity19 and the possible role of b-amyloid, @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) and microglia in the effect, male APPswe/PS1dE9 @entity195 @entity19 aged 4 months were subjected to treadmill exercise for 5 months with 6 sessions per week and gradually increased load. A Morris water maze was used to evaluate the spatial memory. Expression levels of b-amyloid, @entity9140 and @entity9271 (a microglia marker) in brain tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Sedentary @entity195 @entity19 and wildtype C57BL/6J @entity19 served as controls. The results showed that 5-month treadmill exercise significantly decreased the escape latencies (P < 0.01 on the 4th day) and improved the spatial memory of the @entity195 @entity19 in the water maze test. Meanwhile, treadmill exercise significantly increased the number of @entity9140 -positive cells and decreased the ratios of activated microglia in both the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. However, treadmill exercise did not significantly alleviate the accumulation of b-amyloid in either the cerebral cortex or the hippocampus of the @entity195 @entity19 (P > 0.05). The study suggested that long-term treadmill exercise could improve the spatial memory of the male APPswe/PS1dE9 @entity195 @entity19 . The increase in @entity9140 -positive cells and decrease in activated microglia might underpin the beneficial effect.

title: Long-term treadmill exercise improves spatial memory of male APPswe/PS1dE9 XXXX by regulation of @entity9140 expression and microglia activation.

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to assess the 1-year survival of @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity788 treated with the combination of bevacizumab, @entity416 , and radiation. Secondary end points were @entity137 , progression-free survival (PFS), and response rate (RR). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 without duodenal invasion were treated with 50.4 Gy per 28 fractions to the gross @entity5 with concurrent @entity416 825 mg/m(2) orally twice daily on days of radiation and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg on days 1, 15, and 29 followed by maintenance @entity136 1 g/m(2) weekly for 3 weeks and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks, both in 4-week cycles until progression. Treatment plans were reviewed for quality assurance (QA). RESULTS: Between January 2005 and February 2006, 82 eligible @entity1 were treated. The median and 1-year survival rates were 11.9 months (95% CI, 9.9 to 14.0 months) and 47% (95% CI, 36% to 57%). Median PFS was 8.6 months (95% CI, 6.9 to 10.5), and RR was 26%. Overall, 35.4% of @entity1 had grade 3 or greater treatment-related @entity344 (22.0% during chemoradiotherapy, 13.4% during maintenance chemotherapy). Unacceptable radiotherapy protocol deviations (ie, inappropriately generous volume contoured) correlated with grade 3 or greater @entity344 during chemoradiotherapy (45% v 18%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.7; 95% CI, 0.98 to 14.1; P = .05). CONCLUSION: The addition of bevacizumab to chemoradiotherapy followed by bevacizumab and @entity136 resulted in a similar median survival to previous Radiation Therapy Oncology Group studies in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 . Prospective QA may help limit @entity137 in future trials.

title: Phase II study of bevacizumab with concurrent @entity416 and radiation followed by maintenance @entity136 and bevacizumab for locally advanced XXXX : Radiation Therapy Oncology Group RTOG 0411.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: A 39-year old male visited the hospital complaining of @entity158 , @entity4 and redness. Under the diagnosis of an anal abscess, drainage was performed repeatedly. As the wound failed to heal and fistulae were detected, excision of entire tract was performed. On histopathological examination of the resected fistulae, caseous @entity39 , @entity7468 , and epithelioid cell infiltration were found and diagnosed as @entity378 . Chest X-ray showed @entity75 with infiltrative shadow in right upper lobe. Acid-fast bacilli were positive in sputum, and the diagnosis of @entity1907 was confirmed. Anti- @entity378 therapy was immediately started with good response to treatment. As @entity378 of anal region is so rare recently and there is no characteristic clinical picture, it is very difficult to diagnose it pre-operatively. In some cases such as ours, @entity1907 is accompanied with @entity378 . Therefore, accurate diagnosis of @entity378 is needed to find other @entity378 early. As @entity378 is rarely diagnosed correctly before operation on the basis of the clinical picture, the histopathological examination of the excised @entity292 is mandatory for the correct diagnosis of @entity378 .

title: [A case of XXXX associated with tuberculous @entity292 of anus].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['Langhans giant cells']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary lesion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['perianal pain']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['anal tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary or other tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare clinical outcomes after surgical treatment between rotator cuff tears with and without shoulder stiffness and evaluate the serial changes in @entity158 intensity, functional scores, and range of motion (ROM). METHODS: The study comprised 26 @entity1 with @entity2693 (stiff group) and 26 @entity1 without stiffness (non-stiff group). The stiff group underwent arthroscopic or mini-open rotator cuff repair with arthroscopic capsular release and manipulation. The non-stiff group with rotator cuff repair only was matched for age and sex with the stiff group. The visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 score; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score; and ROM were evaluated preoperatively; 3, 6, and 12  months after surgery; and at final follow-up. RESULTS: Both groups had significant improvements in the @entity227 score, UCLA score, ASES score, and ROM at final follow-up. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding @entity227 score, UCLA score, and ASES score at any period after surgery. In the stiff group, mean forward flexion was significantly lower than that in the non-stiff group at 3  months after surgery (143.1   v 154.2  , P  = .003). Mean external rotation and internal rotation were significantly lower than those in the non-stiff group at 3  months after surgery (37.9   v 44.2  , P  = .043, and 15.8 v 13.9, P < .001, respectively) and 6  months after surgery (49.1   v 57.3  , P  = .002, and 13.2 v 12.0, P  = .033, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Overall satisfactory clinical outcomes could be achieved in both the stiff and non-stiff groups, although the stiff group had slower postoperative recovery of ROM until 6  months after surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative study, prognosis study.

title: Clinical Outcomes of Rotator Cuff Repair With Arthroscopic Capsular Release and Manipulation for Rotator Cuff Tear With @entity2693 : A Matched-Pair Comparative Study Between XXXX With and Without @entity2693 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative stiffness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Individuals with @entity483 immunized with the small pox vaccine, @entity6621 ), are susceptible to @entity23923 ( @entity23923 ), a potentially fatal disseminated @entity281 . Dysfunction of @entity3744 ( @entity3744 )-positive regulatory T cells (Treg) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity483 . To test whether @entity942 predisposes to @entity23923 , we percutaneously VV infected @entity3744 -deficient ( @entity3744 (KO)) @entity19 , which completely lack @entity3744 (+) Treg. These animals generated both fewer VV-specific CD8(+) effector T cells and @entity60 -producing CD8(+) T cells than controls, had higher viral loads, and exhibited abnormal Th2-polarized responses to the virus. To focus on the consequences of @entity942 confined to the skin, we generated mixed @entity23924 (KO) @entity3744 (KO) bone marrow ( @entity23924 / @entity3744 ) chimeras in which skin, but not other tissues or central lymphoid organs, lack Treg. Like @entity3744 (KO) @entity19 , the chimeras had impaired VV-specific effector T cell responses and higher viral loads. Skin cytokine expression was significantly altered in infected chimeras compared with controls. Levels of the antiviral cytokines, type I and II IFNs and IL-12, were reduced, whereas expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, @entity777 , @entity1618 , TGF-beta, and @entity14293 , was increased. Importantly, @entity281 of @entity23924 / @entity3744 chimeras by a noncutaneous route (i.p.) induced immune responses comparable to controls. Our findings implicate @entity32 resulting from @entity2631 in the pathogenesis of @entity23923 .

title: XXXX arising from cutaneous regulatory T cell deficiency leads to impaired viral immune responses.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic skin inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23923 :: ('MESH:D007617', 'Disease') :: ['EV', 'eczema vaccinatum']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['local Treg deficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['Treg deficiency']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus (VV']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Skin inflammation']


abstract: Canatoxin, a lethal convulsant protein isolated from the seeds of Canatoxin ensiformis (jack bean), induced a biphasic alteration in blood @entity413 levels when injected i.v. into @entity35 and @entity19 . After administration of subconvulsant doses of canatoxin the @entity35 showed initially @entity4854 during the first 30 min, followed by a long-lasting @entity4053 . Return to basal @entity413 levels was not seen up to 15 days. The @entity1602 effect was dose-dependent and occurred in starved and well-fed animals. A parallelism between convulsant and @entity1602 activity was observed throughout all canatoxin purification steps. @entity19 were about 20-fold less sensitive (on a weight basis) than @entity35 to canatoxin-induced @entity4854 . The @entity1602 phase was not affected by pretreatment of the @entity35 with alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockers or @entity2644 , but was potentiated by @entity2515 and @entity1767 . @entity3175 and @entity4033 were able to block the @entity1602 phase of @entity8017 's effect. The results suggest that the @entity1602 alterations induced by canatoxin in @entity35 and @entity19 are probably mediated via the central nervous system.

title: Blood XXXX alterations induced in @entity35 by canatoxin, a protein isolated from jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) seeds.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity8017 :: ('MESH:C032815', 'Chemical') :: ['canatoxin']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on post- @entity64 . METHODS: Subacute (<3 months), unilateral @entity64 @entity1 with @entity1282 were randomly assigned to the @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ), rTMS, or NMES groups. In rTMS group, rTMS was performed at 100% resting motor threshold with 1 Hz frequency for 20 minutes per session (5 days per week for 2 weeks). In NMES group, electrical stimulation was applied to the anterior neck for 30 minutes per session (5 days per week for 2 weeks). All three groups were given @entity7617 for 4 weeks. We evaluated the functional @entity1282 scale (FDS), pharyngeal transit time (PTT), the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), and the American Speech-Language Hearing Association National Outcomes Measurement System (ASHA NOMS) swallowing scale at baseline, after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 completed the study; 15 in the @entity7617 group, 14 in the rTMS group, and 18 in the NMES group. Mean changes in FDS and PAS for liquid during first 2 weeks in the rTMS and NMES groups were significantly higher than those in the @entity7617 group, but no significant differences were found between the rTMS and NMES group. No significant difference in mean changes of FDS and PAS for semi-solid, PTT, and ASHA NOMS was observed among the three groups. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that both low-frequency rTMS and NMES could induce early recovery from @entity1282 ; therefore, they both could be useful therapeutic options for @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Effect of Low-Frequency rTMS and NMES on Subacute Unilateral XXXX With @entity1282 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke', 'dysphagic stroke', 'stroke dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['CDT', 'conventional dysphagia therapy']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Hemispheric Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the case of @entity157 ( @entity157 ), underlying liver pathology may not only determine the feasibility of surgery but may also affect the postsurgical outcome. We report our experience after curative liver resection for @entity157 in @entity1 with normal liver, @entity1575 , and @entity1575 . METHODS: A total of 72 @entity1 after liver resection with curative intention were analyzed. Histopathologic findings of @entity5 -unaffected liver tissue were used for retrospective classification: group A (normal liver); group B ( @entity1575 ); group @entity82 ( @entity1575 ). The groups were compared for differences in short-term surgical results, total survival, and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS: The rate of major complications was 34.7% and did not significantly differ among groups. The overall perioperative mortality rate was 9.7%, with one @entity1 dying in group A and three @entity1 dying in each of the other two groups. Including perioperative mortality, the median overall survival for the whole group was 37.3 months (95% confidence interval 29.3-45.2 months). The respective 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for group A (n = 21) were 86%, 71%, and 50% and for group @entity82 (n = 24) 62%, 50%, and 17%. The overall survival of group B (n = 27) was intermediate (log-rank, P = 0.032). The respective recurrence-free survival rates were 76%, 42%, and 20% for group A and 39%, 13%, and 4% for group @entity82 , with group B being intermediate (log-rank, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that liver resection in the presence of compensated @entity1575 is feasible but associated with a significantly impaired prognosis for overall and recurrence-free survival. The management of cirrhotic @entity1 with compensated liver function and @entity157 therefore also requires the opportunity for transplantation.

title: Prognostic impact of underlying XXXX and @entity82 after curative resection of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: Glucocorticoids are highly effective in inducing the cytolysis of cells of lymphocytic origin. This property has resulted in their incorporation into chemotherapy regimens used in the treatment of @entity1583 . Studies at the molecular and cellular levels have demonstrated that the hormone-induced cytolytic response is mediated through a highly specific cytoplasmic @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ). The @entity4738 has been cloned and sequenced and found to be organized into a discrete series of domains which mediate the receptor functions of hormone binding, nuclear translocation, DNA binding and transcriptional modulation. Thus, the binding of glucocorticoids by the @entity4738 induces a series of cellular events which result in the activation or repression of a network of glucocorticoid responsive genes and produces a specific cellular response. Prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids ultimately causes resistance to develop; thereby limiting the usefulness of this class of drugs. Studies addressing the mechanism of resistance have shown that the @entity4738 is the primary target of genetic alterations that lead to resistance to cytolysis. Using @entity19 and @entity1 cell lines as model systems, it has been shown that the vast majority of glucocorticoid resistant mutants express low levels or altered forms of the @entity4738 . Similarly, in vivo studies on @entity1 have suggested that low @entity4738 levels are associated with a poor response to glucocorticoid based therapies. Recently, aberrant @entity4738 isolated from a @entity1 with @entity1582 resistant to glucocorticoids were found to harbor deletions in their hormone binding domains. Sequencing of the receptors suggested that each arose as a result of alternate splicing events. In both cases, the latter event produces a receptor unable to bind hormone leading to the speculation that alternate splicing may serve as a mechanism by which a cell evades the effects of glucocorticoids. The therapeutic implications for @entity1 expressing aberrant receptors is discussed.

title: Glucocorticoid receptors and resistance to glucocorticoids in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematologic malignancies']


abstract: Among the causes of precocious puberty, @entity10128 comprises a small percentage. However, the frequency of precocious puberty in the presence of @entity10128 is quite high. Recently, results of surgery in 14 cases of @entity10128 were reported. Precocious puberty completely subsided in three cases and slight improvement was achieved in another three cases. We performed surgery in four @entity1 with @entity10128 , with the goal of decreasing the symptoms of precocious puberty. The @entity1 were two females (aged 1 yr, 3 mo and 6 mo) and two males (aged 3 yr, 7 mo and 1 yr, 9 mo). The main symptoms were precocious puberty and @entity1032 of varying degrees. The males had excessive growth of body and external genitalia, while the females had @entity548 and premature breast development. In each case, computed tomographic scans disclosed a round, isodense mass in the interpeduncular cistern, attached to the base of the hypothalamus. Contrast enhancement was negative. Endocrinologically, in case 1, @entity251 was 92.6 ng/ml, FSH was 16 mIU/ml, and LH was 2.2 mIU/ml. Although LH was within normal limits, it overresponded to @entity1176 stimulation. In case 2, @entity172 was 13.5 ng/day, LH was 5.2 mIU/ml, FSH was 5.3 mIU/ml, and LH showed an exaggerated response to @entity1176 stimulation. In case 3, @entity251 was 362 ng/ml, LH was 8.8 mIU/ml, FSH was 4.8 mIU/ml, and LH showed an abnormally high response to @entity1176 stimulation. In case 4, LH was 18.4 mIU/ml, FSH was 12.0 mIU/ml, and both hormones were stimulated abnormally strongly by @entity1176 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Controlling precocious puberty--surgical excision of XXXX causing precocious puberty].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['genital bleeding']

entities_list: @entity10128 :: ('MESH:C537158', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic hamartomas', 'hypothalamic hamartoma']

answer: @entity10128 :: (MESH:C537158,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic hamartoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of sustaining @entity227 and treatment services in Mali, and to evaluate their performance and impact in improving the provision of @entity5 control, following an initial cross-sectional study. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Bamako area, Mali. POPULATION: @entity1 aged 30-59 years. METHODS: Routine visual screening and treatment services were organised through two hospitals and 14 health centres. @entity1 with positive visual screening tests underwent colposcopy and/or directed biopsies, and ablative or surgical excision treatment was offered to those with @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Test positivity, detection and treatment rates for @entity3146 and the sustainability of screening services. RESULTS: Of the 14,141 @entity1 screened, 1682 (11.9%) were positive and were referred for further investigations and treatment. Over 75% of the screen-positive @entity1 underwent colposcopy and/or biopsy. @entity3146 1 was detected in 383 @entity1 , @entity3146 2 in 88, @entity3146 3 in 37 and @entity3 in 497. More than 80% of @entity1 with @entity3146 and 35% of those with @entity3 received treatment. The test performance characteristics and treatment coverage of routine screening were similar to those observed in the preceding cross-sectional study. CONCLUSION: Visual screening and treatment services are sustainable and effective in improving @entity5 control provision by health services in Bamako, Mali. It is essential to organise and sustain several point-of-care services in order to extend @entity5 prevention in low-income African countries.

title: Can XXXX be sustained in routine health services? Experience from Mali, Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual cervical screening']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer', 'invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual cervical screening']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetuses with a previous sonographic suspicion of agenesis of the @entity6789 (ACC) to confirm the diagnosis and to detect associated @entity932 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Single-center retrospective and descriptive observational study of the brain MRI performed in 78 fetuses with ACC sonographic suspicion between January 2006 and December 2015. Two experts in fetal imaging reviewed the MRI findings to evaluate the presence and morphology of the @entity6789 . When ACC was detected the whole fetal brain anatomy was thoroughly studied to determine the presence of associated anomalies. Prenatal MR imaging findings were compared to postnatal brain MRI or necropsy findings when available. RESULTS: Fetal MRI diagnosed 45 cases of ACC, 12 were partial (26.7%) and 33 complete (73.3%). In 28 cases (62,2%) associated @entity932 were identified. The most often abnormality was @entity1276 (78,6%), followed by cortical @entity600 (53,6%), posterior fossa (25%) and @entity601 (10,7%). CONCLUSION: Fetal brain MRI has an important role in the diagnosis of ACC and detection of associated anomalies. To perform a fetal brain MRI is important in fetuses with sonographic suspicion of ACC.

title: Value of brain MRI when sonography raises suspicion of agenesis of the XXXX in fetuses.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['midline anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

answer: @entity6789 :: (MESH:D061085,Disease) :: ['corpus callosum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ) with topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment of choice for many clinicians. The two most commonly used @entity4906 photosensitizer precursors are @entity2518 (ALA) and @entity16326 ( @entity7671 ). Current PDT treatment regimes advise longer (4-6 h) application times for ALA and shorter times (3 h) for MAL. AIMS: To establish the time course characteristics of @entity13880 ( @entity13880 ) fluorescence following the application of ALA and MAL in normal skin. METHODS: A total of 17 healthy volunteers were recruited, and both ALA and MAL were applied to the inner forearm for varying times (1-6 h). @entity13880 fluorescence was detected using a non-invasive spectroscopy system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: @entity13880 fluorescence (following the application of either ALA or MAL) is dependent on duration of application. Following the application of ALA for 1-3 h peak fluorescence was noted at 7 h. Longer duration times (4-6 h) resulted in sustained fluorescence, which peaked at 24 h. MAL-induced fluorescence peaked at 7 h and was significantly decreased by 24 h for all application times. ALA induced fluorescence was shown to be significantly greater than MAL. The findings from this study have shown that potentially it would be more beneficial to apply ALA for shorter periods of time and MAL for longer than current practice.

title: A time course investigation of the fluorescence induced by topical application of @entity2518 and XXXX on normal human skin.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['NMSC', 'non-melanoma skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin IX', 'PpIX']

entities_list: @entity16326 :: ('CHEBI:724125', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl aminolevulinate']

answer: @entity16326 :: (CHEBI:724125,Chemical) :: ['methyl aminolevulinate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity302 are the most frequent @entity16 that occur in @entity1 . Despite the introduction of new @entity734 ( @entity734 ) 25-30% of @entity1 with @entity302 remain refractory to medical therapy. AREAS COVERED: This review aims to highlight the main published data on the treatment of childhood @entity302 . The electronic database, PubMed, and abstract proceedings were used to identify studies. The aim of antiepileptic therapy should be to provide complete @entity410 control, if possible without the burden of any side effect. Since 1993, new agents have been approved for use as an antiepileptic. Although there are few published data (especially in pediatric populations) to establish that the second-generation @entity734 are more efficacious than the older @entity734 , they appear to have better tolerability. EXPERT OPINION: Old @entity734 are efficacious agents that continue to play a major role in the current treatment of @entity302 . These agents actually remain the first-line treatment for many specific @entity410 types or @entity302 syndromes. The new @entity734 were initially approved as adjunct agents and--subsequently--as monotherapy for various @entity410 types in the adult and @entity1 . Despite these improvements, few @entity734 are now considered to be a first-choice for the treatment of @entity302 in @entity1 .

title: Pharmacotherapy for @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological problems']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood epilepsies', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: There is considerable interindividual variation in ventilatory response to @entity519 in @entity1 but the mechanism remains unknown. To examine the potential contribution of variable peripheral chemorecptor function to variation in @entity519 ventilatory response (HVR), we compared the peripheral chemoreceptor and ventilatory response to @entity519 in 51 anesthetized @entity468 . We found large interindividual differences in HVR spanning a sevenfold range. In 23 @entity468 studied on two separate days, ventilatory measurements were correlated (r = 0.54, P less than 0.01), suggesting stable interindividual differences. Measurements during wakefulness and in anesthesia in nine @entity468 showed that although anesthesia lowered the absolute HVR it had no influence on the range or the rank of the magnitude of the response of individuals in the group. We observed a positive correlation between ventilatory and carotid sinus nerve (CSN) responses to @entity519 measured during anesthesia in 51 @entity468 (r = 0.63, P less than 0.001). To assess the translation of peripheral chemoreceptor activity into expiratory minute ventilation (VE) we used an index relating the increase of VE to the increase of CSN activity for a given @entity519 stimulus (delta VE/delta CSN). Comparison of this index for @entity468 with lowest (n = 5, HVR A = 7.0 +/- 0.8) and @entity468 with highest (n = 5, HVR A = 53.2 +/- 4.9) ventilatory responses showed similar efficiency of central translation (0.72 +/- 0.06 and 0.70 +/- 0.08, respectively). These results indicate that interindividual variation in HVR is associated with comparable variation in @entity519 sensitivity of carotid bodies. Thus differences in peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity may contribute to interindividual variability of HVR.

title: Interindividual variation in XXXX ventilatory response: potential role of carotid body.

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: @entity4360 ( @entity4360 ) molecular forms were studied in @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) and in dystrophic ( @entity3918 ) 129B6F1/J @entity19 muscle. Successive extractions of the tissue with saline and saline-Triton X-100 buffers yielded two soluble fractions, S1 and S2. Forty percent of the @entity4360 in @entity4361 was measured in S1 and 60% in S2, and 65% and 35%, respectively, in extracts from @entity3918 . A12, A8, G4, G2, and G1 forms of @entity4360 were found in S1 and S2 from @entity4361 and @entity3918 . A similar content of asymmetric molecules was noticed between @entity4361 and @entity3918 . G4 @entity4360 was a minor species in @entity3918 , and @entity4362 were more abundant in @entity3918 than in @entity4361 . The amphiphilic properties of the several molecules were assessed by Triton X-114 phase-partitioning and hydrophobic chromatography. Thirty and 70% of the enzyme in a mixture of S1 and S2 partitioned in the detergent-rich and in the detergent-poor phases, respectively, whether the extracts were obtained from @entity4361 or @entity3918 . Asymmetric and G4 @entity4360 predominated in the aqueous phase and @entity4363 in the detergent phase. Ten and 25% of the enzyme in S1 from @entity4361 or @entity3918 , respectively, was adsorbed to the @entity4364 . Elution of the retained enzyme followed by sedimentation analysis revealed that a certain amount of asymmetric and most of the @entity4363 forms were associated with the matrix. The content of amphiphilic asymmetric and light globular forms was notably higher in @entity3918 than in @entity4361 . The results suggest that @entity121 produces a specific pattern of molecular forms of @entity4360 .

title: Amphiphilic properties of molecular forms of @entity4360 in @entity4361 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4360 :: ('11423(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Acetylcholinesterase', 'AChE']

entities_list: @entity4364 :: ('MESH:C020927', 'Chemical') :: ['phenyl-agarose']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic muscle']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['dystrophic muscle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed the association between social support and the severity of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) symptoms in a sample of severely affected @entity1744 @entity1 recruited to an NIH-funded clinical trial. In addition, we examined if the effects of social support on @entity1744 @entity158 are mediated through the effects on stress. METHODS: Subjects were 105 Rome II diagnosed @entity1744 @entity1 (F = 85%) who completed seven questionnaires which were collected as part of a pretreatment baseline assessment. KEY RESULTS: Partial correlations were conducted to clarify the relationships between social support and clinically relevant variables with baseline levels of psychopathology, holding constant number of comorbid medical diseases, age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, and education. Analyses indicated that social support was inversely related to @entity1744 symptom severity. Social support was positively related with less severe @entity158 . A similar pattern of data was found for perceived stress but not quality of @entity73 . Regression analyses examined if the effects of social support on @entity158 are mediated by stress. The effects of social support on bodily @entity158 were mediated by stress such that the greater the social support the less stress and the @entity158 . This effect did not hold for symptom severity, quality of life, or @entity458 . CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: This study links the perceived adequacy of social support to the global severity of symptoms of @entity1744 and its cardinal symptom ( @entity158 ). It also suggests that the mechanism by which social support alleviates @entity158 is through a reduction in stress levels.

title: The ties that bind: perceived social support, stress, and XXXX in severely affected @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['life impairment']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['IBS']


abstract: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is a common complication in @entity1378 . Earlier studies demonstrate that thyroid hormone decreases L-type @entity460 channel (LCC) current expression with resultant shortening of action potential duration (APD), providing a substrate for @entity955 . The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of thyroid hormone on LCC. In a @entity1378 @entity35 model, thyroid hormone ( @entity1954 [T3]) administration down-regulated atrial LCC expression. In vitro, treatment of @entity19 atrial myocytes (HL-1) with T3 decreased the expression of LCC and its current, resulting in abbreviation of APD. Furthermore, T3 inhibited the activation of @entity1919 response element (CRE)-binding protein ( @entity14889 ), including phosphorylation at Ser133 and its nuclear translocation. Transient transfection studies in HL-1 cells indicated that T3 reduced LCC promoter activity. Deletion and mutation analysis of the LCC promoter region along with chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti- @entity14889 antibody showed that CRE was essential for T3-mediated LCC gene expression. Transfection of dominant-negative @entity14889 (mutated Ser133) and mutant thyroid hormone receptor (TR, mutated @entity2569 51) abolished the T3-dependent effects, suggesting an association between both transcriptional factors. Co-immunoprecipitation documented an increased binding of TR with @entity14889 after T3 treatment. The transcriptional cross-talk 3 between TR and @entity14889 bound to CRE mediates T3-inhibited @entity14889 activity and LCC expression. Thyroid hormone-induced TR binding of @entity14889 inhibits @entity14889 activity and LCC current expression, which may contribute to @entity955 . These findings provide an important mechanistic insight into @entity1378 -induced @entity955 .

title: Molecular characterization of thyroid hormone-inhibited atrial L-type @entity460 channel expression: implication for XXXX in @entity1378 .

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although nurses are the most likely first responders to witness an @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) and provide treatment, little research has been undertaken to determine what features of nursing are related to @entity1167 outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between nurse staffing, nurse work environments, and @entity1167 survival. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of data from: (1) the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation database; (2) the University of Pennsylvania Multi-State Nursing Care and and @entity1 Safety; and (3) the American Hospital Association annual survey. @entity2357 models were used to determine the association of the features of nursing and @entity1167 survival to discharge after adjusting for hospital and @entity1 characteristics. SUBJECTS: A total of 11,160 adult @entity1 aged 18 and older between 2005 and 2007 in 75 hospitals in 4 states (Pennsylvania, Florida, California, and New Jersey). RESULTS: Each additional @entity1 per nurse on medical-surgical units was associated with a 5% lower likelihood of surviving @entity1167 to discharge (odds ratio=0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-0.99). Further, @entity1 cared for in hospitals with poor work environments had a 16% lower likelihood of @entity1167 survival (odds ratio=0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.99) than @entity1 cared for in hospitals with better work environments. CONCLUSIONS: Better work environments and decreased @entity1 -to-nurse ratios on medical-surgical units are associated with higher odds of @entity1 survival after an @entity1167 . These results add to a large body of literature suggesting that outcomes are better when nurses have a more reasonable workload and work in good hospital work environments. Improving nurse working conditions holds promise for improving survival following @entity1167 .

title: Better Nurse Staffing and Nurse Work Environments Associated With Increased Survival of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'IHCA', 'in-hospital cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']