abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently reported significantly greater weight gain in non- @entity6 healthy subjects with a 1(st) degree family history ( @entity753 +) of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) than in a matched control group without such history ( @entity753 -) during voluntary overfeeding, implying co-inheritance of susceptibilities to @entity6 and @entity28 . We have estimated the extent and mode of inheritance of susceptibility to increased adiposity in @entity753 +. METHODS: Normoglycaemic @entity1 were categorised either @entity753 + (>= 1 1(st) degree relative with @entity6 , 50 F/30 M, age 45    14 (SD) yr) or @entity753 - (71F/51M, age 43    14 yr). Log-transformed anthropometric measurements (height, hip and waist circumferences) and lean, bone and fat mass (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) data were analysed by rotated Factor Analysis. The age- and gender-adjusted distributions of indices of adiposity in @entity753 + were assessed by fits to a bimodal model and by relative risk ratios (RR, @entity753 +/ @entity753 -) and interpreted in a purely genetic model of @entity753 effects. RESULTS: The two orthogonal factors extracted, interpretable as Frame and @entity1386 accounted for 80% of the variance in the input data. @entity753 + was associated with significantly higher @entity1386 scores (p<0.01) without affecting Frame scores. @entity1386 scores in @entity753 + conformed to a bimodal normal distribution, consistent with dominant expression of major susceptibility genes with 59% (95% CI 40%, 74%) of individuals under the higher mode. Calculated risk allele frequencies were 0.09 (0.02, 0.23) in @entity753 -, 0.36 (0.22, 0.48) in @entity753 + and 0.62 (0.36, 0.88) in unobserved @entity6 -affected family members. CONCLUSIONS: The segregation of @entity1386 in @entity6 -affected families is consistent with dominant expression of rare risk variants with major effects, which are expressed in over half of @entity753 + and which can account for most @entity6 -associated @entity28 in our population. The calculated risk allele frequency in @entity753 - suggests that rare genetic variants could also account for a substantial fraction of the prevalent @entity28 in this society.

title: Segregation of a latent high adiposity phenotype in families with a history of @entity6 implicates rare @entity28 -susceptibility genetic variants with large effects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['Adiposity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes-related obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The main aim was to examine @entity1142 and anal @entity322 in @entity1 before and after resection for external @entity3577 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 had ligament preserving suture rectopexy and sigmoid resection (resection rectopexy) for external @entity3577 by laparoscopic (n = 15) or open (n = 5) technique during 2001-2005. They were prospectively evaluated for @entity1142 and anal @entity322 using validated @entity322 and KESS- @entity1142 scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Constipation score was significantly reduced from mean 7.7 (5.4-9.9) to 4.5 (2.5-6.4) after median 4 months (1-19) and to 4.3 (2.2-6.3) after median 17 months (4-51). Six and four @entity1 were constipated preoperatively and 17 months postoperatively, respectively. The four symptoms feeling incomplete evacuation of stool, minutes in lavatory per attempt, use of enemas/digitation and painful evacuation effort were significantly reduced, whilst stool consistency increased. Fourteen @entity1 (70%) had anal @entity322 . Corresponding and significant reduction in their scores were from mean 12.5 (9.4-15.5) to 5.1 (2.1-8.1) and to 3.6 (1.3-5.9). @entity322 was improved in 13 and unaltered in one @entity1 (s). Two @entity1 with worse outcome had increased stool consistency and @entity1142 scores. Resection rectopexy for @entity3577 reduced anal @entity322 and @entity1142 .

title: Resection rectopexy for external @entity3577 reduces @entity1142 and anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['rectal prolapse']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Both @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy are used to assess @entity296 . Few studies have compared the data on @entity296 and @entity63 by low and peak dose DSE and myocardial perfusion imaging in the same @entity1 . Fifty-four @entity1 (45 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 aged 65 +/- 9 years) with @entity296 (mean ejection fraction 24 +/- 9%) underwent rest 4-hour redistribution @entity4214 -201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), low and peak dose DSE, and @entity452 sestamibi SPECT. A total of 864 segments were analyzed (16 segments/ @entity1 ). @entity854 was present in 796 segments (92%), and contractile reserve during @entity452 infusion was seen in 400 of these segments (50%). Contractile reserve was seen in 331 of 509 @entity5048 segments (65%) and 69 of 287 @entity2845 / @entity910 segments (24%) (p <0.001). Contractile reserve was more frequent in segments with normal @entity4214 uptake (64%), reversible @entity4214 defects (42%), or mild to moderate fixed @entity4214 defects (48%) than severely fixed defects (22%) (p <0.05 each). Concordant information about viability by @entity4214 imaging and DSE was obtained in 62% of segments. @entity452 sestamibi @entity63 was seen in 518 of 796 segments (65%) compared with 265 segments (33%) by DSE (p <0.001). Scintigraphic @entity63 was noted in 126 of 195 segments (65%) demonstrating biphasic response, 129 of 205 segments (63%) showing sustained improvement, 42 of 70 segments (60%) deteriorating during @entity452 infusion, and 221 of 326 (68%) demonstrating no change (p = NS). Thus, in @entity1 with @entity296 , contractile reserve is more frequent in @entity5048 segments than @entity2845 / @entity910 segments. The number of segments with normal or near-normal @entity4214 uptake or with scintigraphic @entity63 is significantly greater than the number of those capable of increasing contractile function or demonstrating an @entity63 response during @entity452 echocardiography.

title: Comparison of @entity452 echocardiography, @entity452 sestamibi, and rest-redistribution @entity4214 -201 single-photon emission computed tomography for determining contractile reserve and myocardial ischemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Wall motion abnormality']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The cause and incidence of reductions in cerebral perfusion pressure, and rises in intracranial pressure have been examined in a series of @entity1 with severe @entity542 defined as an initial Glasgow Coma Sum of less than or equal to 8. Two-hundred-and-seven adults (aged over 16 years) and 84 @entity1 admitted to Newcastle General Hospital, who had intracranial pressure monitoring as part of their routine management, were studied. @entity428 ( @entity428 ), arterial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were sampled and recorded every 2 min. @entity1 ' CT findings were classified into distinct groups using the method described by Marshall. Secondary insults were defined using the Edinburgh University Secondary Insult Grades (EUSIG) and the incidence and cause (raised @entity428 , reduced CPP or a combination of the two) was established. Outcome was assessed at 6 months using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. In the majority of adults with @entity542 it is the combination of reduced arterial pressure and raised @entity428 that contributes to the reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure. This was not the case for @entity131 . In @entity1 similar characteristics were found across each of the CT classifications. The vast majority of falls in CPP down to 60 mmHg were caused by reduced arterial pressure. Reductions below 50 mmHg were almost always due to a combination of both reduced arterial pressure and raised @entity428 . The results in adults were similar, but not identical, to those of the paediatric cases. @entity131 stood out from all the other categories as the only one where reductions in perfusion pressure were almost exclusively due to reductions in arterial pressure and not to increases in @entity428 . The management of these @entity1 should ensure the adequacy of perfusion pressure by maintaining arterial pressure at a satisfactory level. These results suggest that vigilant monitoring of both intracranial pressure and arterial pressure is required to lower the incidence of secondary insults.

title: The cause and incidence of secondary insults in severely head-injured adults and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse Injury Type I']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial pressure', 'ICP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although gait characteristics have been well documented in @entity1 with @entity626 , little is known about the relationships between gait characteristics and performance or disability. Our purpose was to examine the role of knee kinematics and kinetics on walking performance and disability in @entity1 with @entity626 . We also examined whether @entity158 mediated the relationship between the knee adduction moment and performance or disability. METHODS: Three-dimensional gait analysis was conducted on 54 @entity1 with medial compartment @entity626 . Performance was quantified with the Six Minute Walk test and disability was self-reported on the Short Form-36. The @entity158 subscale of the Western Ontario @entity571 Index and the functional self-efficacy subscale of the Arthritis Self-Efficacy scale were completed. FINDINGS: A step-wise linear regression demonstrated that the variance in Six Minute Walk test scores was explained by functional self-efficacy (50%) and the range of knee motion (8%). The variance in Short Form-36 was explained by @entity158 (36%), the peak extension angle (19%) and the range of knee motion (4%). @entity158 was unrelated to the knee adduction moment so analyses of @entity158 as a mediator of the adduction moment on either performance or disability were halted. INTERPRETATION: Kinematic output from the motor control system is useful in understanding some variance in current performance and disability in @entity1 with @entity626 . The knee adduction moment was unrelated to these variables and @entity158 did not mediate between the knee adduction moment and performance or disability. Therefore this moment does not explain current clinical status in @entity1 with @entity626 based on the measures of performance and disability used in this study.

title: Role of knee kinematics and kinetics on performance and disability in @entity1 with medial compartment XXXX .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the safety, @entity137 , and maximum-tolerated dose of a sequence-specific combination of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), and @entity1259 in solid @entity5 and to define the clinical feasibility of @entity2052 as an HDACi. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were treated with increasing doses of @entity2052 (days 1 through 3) followed by @entity1259 (day 3) in 3-week cycles. The study evaluated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic end points, @entity137 , and @entity5 response. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 were enrolled, and 44 received at least one cycle of therapy. @entity1 (median age, 54 years; range, 39 to 78 years) received the following doses of @entity2052 : 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 100, 120, 140, and 160 mg/kg/d. Dose-limiting @entity137 were @entity2147 (n = 1), @entity911 (n = 3), and @entity1398 (n = 1). No exacerbation of @entity1259 -related @entity137 was observed. Partial responses were seen across different @entity5 types in nine @entity1 (22%), and stable disease/minor responses were seen in 16 @entity1 (39%), despite a median number of three prior regimens (range, zero to 10 prior regimens). @entity1 received a median number of four treatment cycles (range, one to 10 cycles), and treatment was stopped after reaching maximal @entity1259 doses rather than progression in 13 (32%) of 41 @entity1 @entity1 . Total and free @entity2052 plasma concentrations increased linearly with dose and correlated with histone acetylation in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION: The maximum-tolerated dose and recommended phase II dose was @entity2052 140 mg/kg/d for 48 hours followed by @entity1259 100 mg/m2. Sustained plasma concentrations of @entity2052 exceeding those required for in vitro synergy were achieved with acceptable @entity137 . Noteworthy antitumor activity was observed in heavily pretreated @entity1 and historically @entity4349 -resistant @entity5 .

title: Phase I trial of histone deacetylase inhibition by @entity1092 followed by the topoisomerase II inhibitor XXXX in advanced solid @entity5 : a clinical and translational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: We investigated the expression of @entity1551 , @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1552 mRNAs and their roles in @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and T1 and T2 @entity9962 . We further compared these two types of @entity189 for differences in microvessel density, and expression of angiogenic factors and CD44std. @entity1551 , @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1552 mRNA were expressed in both @entity3821 and @entity513 . Expression rates of @entity1551 , @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1552 mRNAs were not statistically different between @entity3821 and @entity513 , nor did they differ statistically when grouped by @entity5 size, histologic grade or nuclear grade of @entity513 . Microvessel density and expression of @entity7 and @entity2533 were not statistically different between @entity3821 and @entity513 . @entity1759 std expression was significantly increased in @entity3821 compared to @entity513 (p < 0.05) and it was also significantly increased in lower clinical stage, histologic grade and nuclear grade of @entity513 (p < 0.05). Axillary node @entity3 was significantly correlated with @entity1551 mRNA, @entity7 and @entity2533 expression (p < 0.05) and @entity1551 mRNA was positively correlated with @entity7 expression and @entity1552 mRNA (p < 0.05). In summary, patterns of MMP mRNA expression in @entity3821 and @entity513 suggest that the invasive potential of @entity0 is already achieved before morphologically overt invasive growth is observed. As @entity1551 mRNA expression is significantly correlated with axillary nodal @entity3 , it may be useful as a prognostic indicator of @entity513 . Considering the positive correlation of @entity1551 mRNA and @entity1552 mRNA expression, our finding supports a role for @entity1552 in @entity5 growth, as well as the utility of @entity1759 std as a prognostic indicator of @entity0 .

title: Expression of @entity1551 , @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1552 mRNAs in XXXX and @entity9962 .

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinomas', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) before and after secretin administration in diagnosing santorinicele in @entity1 with @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seven @entity1 suspected of having @entity660 underwent MRCP before and after @entity11384 administration (S-MRCP). S-MRCP images were evaluated for @entity788 and santorinicele and for size of the main pancreatic duct and santorinicele. The onset of duodenal filling was calculated on dynamic S-MRCP images. RESULTS: @entity788 was detected in five (5%) of 107 @entity1 at MRCP and in 10 (9%) of 107 @entity1 at S-MRCP. Santorinicele was detected in three (21%) of 14 @entity1 at MRCP and in an additional four (seven [50%] of 14) @entity1 at S-MRCP in @entity1 with @entity788 . Santorinicele was confirmed in six of seven @entity1 at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); in one of seven @entity1 , ERCP was unsuccessful. The duct of Santorini was significantly (P: <.05) larger in the pancreatic head in @entity1 with @entity788 and santorinicele (3.6 mm) compared with those with only @entity788 (2.2 mm). A noteworthy reduction in size of the pancreatic duct (26%) and of the santorinicele (63%) was observed after sphincterotomy. The onset of duodenal filling was delayed significantly in @entity1 with santorinicele (2.1 vs 1.3 minutes; P: <.05). CONCLUSION: S-MRCP helps in identifying @entity788 and santorinicele, which may be the cause of impeded pancreatic outflow.

title: XXXX and "santorinicele": diagnosis with dynamic MR cholangiopancreatography with secretin stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum', 'Pancreas divisum']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreas divisum']


abstract: The survival rate in 709 @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) was calculated by the log rank test. There were 297 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and 412 @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). In both diseases there was a survival rate of about 94% in the first year of observation against an expected rate of 99.5% in a general population matched for sex and age. This was because a large number of @entity1 were severely ill at their first admission and required immediate or early surgery. During the subsequent 11 years the @entity204 rate in @entity29 was higher (two to three times) than in the general population. After 12 years the survival rate was about 77% in both @entity30 and @entity31 . The difference was statistically insignificant. There was no significant difference in the sex ratio. The @entity5 rate was low. No @entity1820 occurred among @entity1 with @entity30 . @entity14 was found in four @entity1 with @entity31 , three of whom presented with @entity5 on their first admission. It is concluded that recurrence and reoperation for recurrence in @entity30 have not impaired the prognosis compared to @entity31 in this series.

title: Survival rate in XXXX and @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['CIBD', 'chronic inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: To better treat and eliminate @entity378 , @entity1 compliance must be improved. Compliance can be evaluated by measuring a drug or its metabolite in the urine. In Arkansas, a simple colorimetric method of checking the urine for @entity3109 (the Potts-Cozart test) has been used for many years, but it is relatively unknown outside that state and its reliability has not been confirmed. To evaluate this test, urine was blindly tested from @entity1 from a @entity378 clinic. Controls included urine from @entity1 from a substance abuse clinic and Veterans Medical Center. In more than 200 urine samples tested, no false-positives were found. Urinalysis showed normal values for three @entity1 who were supposed to be receiving antituberculosis medication, but it is likely that these @entity1 were noncompliant. A peculiarity of the test was that the color change with positive tests varied. To investigate this variation, absorption spectroscopy of many substances was performed. @entity1239 accounted for the different shade of blue associated with the positive test, but the color produced and the absorption spectroscopy were different from @entity3109 , so it did not confuse the interpretation of the results. This test for @entity3109 in the urine is simple, quick, inexpensive, easy to interpret, and reliable. It also can be used to detect @entity1239 and its metabolites.

title: Testing for XXXX . An evaluation of the Arkansas method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

answer: @entity3109 :: (MESH:D007538,Chemical) :: ['isoniazid']


abstract: Several operative techniques have been described for recurrent @entity8043 . Clinical results vary depending on the procedure and indication. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of Insall's proximal realignment for recurrent @entity8043 at mid-term follow-up. Forty-five @entity1 were reviewed with a mean follow-up period of 49 months after having undergone Insall's procedure. Outcome measures included reports of redislocations, complications, @entity1 -reported outcome scores (Kujala, Tegner activity scale) and subjective assessment. No statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in @entity1 -reported outcome measures were noted. Sixteen @entity1 (35%) had poor to fair results using the Kujala score. Subjective assessment revealed that 12 @entity1 (27%) were dissatisfied with the outcome of their surgery and would not undergo the same procedure. Ten @entity1 (22%) had suffered from redislocation at the latest follow-up. In 4 cases (9%), intra-articular knee @entity1410 occurred which required arthroscopic intervention. The overall mid-term outcome of the present study shows low @entity1 satisfaction. Non-anatomic realignment for recurrent @entity8043 does not adequately prevent redislocation.

title: Non-anatomic proximal realignment for recurrent XXXX does not sufficiently prevent redislocation.

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocation']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['patellar dislocation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the development of @entity337 following occlusion of a @entity432 . DESIGN: Case series involving nine @entity1 referred for surgical ligation of an isolated @entity432 . SETTING: Academic referral centre. METHODS: A preoperative transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiogram was performed in theatre to look for @entity337 . Thereafter, aortic flow was monitored throughout the operation by colour flow mapping with the transoesophageal probe in situ. Onset of @entity337 was documented. An immediate postoperative transthoracic echocardiogram was performed on all @entity1 and then daily until discharge on day 5. A follow up clinical and echocardiographic assessment was performed six weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: With ligation of the @entity1 @entity432 , transoesophageal echocardiography showed immediate regurgitation in seven of the nine @entity1 , seen as a small central jet on colour flow mapping. Six of the seven @entity1 continued to have @entity337 on transthoracic echocardiography before leaving theatre. In none was @entity337 audible clinically. At discharge, five @entity1 still had evidence of @entity337 ; of four seen at follow up six weeks later, only one had residual regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS: Ligation of the @entity1 @entity432 results in the acute termination of the "run off" in a volume overloaded situation. This, together with a rise in the peripheral vascular resistance and the persistence of increased proximal vascular capacitance, is considered to be the underlying aetiology of the acquired @entity337 .

title: Acquired @entity337 following occlusion of the persistent XXXX : an echocardiographic assessment.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial duct', 'patent arterial duct']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial duct']


abstract: In sport, high training load required to reach peak performance pushes @entity1 adaptation to their limits. In that process, @entity2587 may experience general @entity1295 , impaired performance, and may be identified as overreached (OR). When this state lasts for several months, an overtraining syndrome is diagnosed (OT). Until now, no variable per se can detect OR, a requirement to prevent the transition from OR to OT. It encouraged us to further investigate OR using a multivariate approach, including physiological, biomechanical, cognitive, and perceptive monitoring. Twenty-four highly trained triathletes were separated into an overload group and a normo-trained group (NT) during 3 wk of training. Given the decrement of their running performance, 11 triathletes were diagnosed as OR after this period. A discriminant analysis showed that the changes of eight parameters measured during a maximal incremental test could explain 98.2% of the OR state (lactatemia, heart rate, biomechanical parameters and effort perception). Variations in heart rate and lactatemia were the two most discriminating factors. When the multifactorial analysis was restricted to these variables, the classification score reached 89.5%. @entity2661 and @entity908 kinase concentrations at rest did not change significantly in both groups. Running pattern was preserved and cognitive performance decrement was observed only at exhaustion in OR subjects. This study showed that monitoring various variables is required to prevent the transition between NT and OR. It emphasized that an OR index, which combines heart rate and blood @entity880 concentration changes after a strenuous training period, could be helpful to routinely detect OR.

title: A multidisciplinary approach to overreaching detection in endurance trained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamines']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['athletes']


abstract: We aimed to study trends in gender-related differences in incidence, and prevalence for long-term @entity26 therapy due to @entity1030 . Another aim was to study survival after onset of @entity26 therapy. Prospectively followed were 5689 Swedish @entity1 , who were prescribed @entity26 therapy because of @entity1030 from 1987 to 2000. The annual incidence of @entity1 starting @entity26 therapy increased more rapidly than that in @entity1 . In 2000, 7.6 per 100,000 @entity1 started treatment compared with 7.1 in @entity1 . The frequency of ever smoking in Sweden in the age group receiving @entity26 , i.e. age 65-84 years, was 36.4% in @entity1 and 65.0% in @entity1 , indicating that @entity1 ran a higher risk of developing an @entity26 -requiring chronic hypoxaemia. An increase in @entity1 requiring @entity26 therapy is predicted due to the increase in smoking frequency in young and middle-aged @entity1 and it is estimated that about 70% of Swedish @entity1 on @entity26 in 2026 will be @entity1 , with an estimated prevalence of 61 per 100,000. In conclusion, the incidence and prevalence for long-term @entity26 therapy increases more rapidly among @entity1 than in @entity1 . This is probably due to the increased frequency of smoking in @entity1 compared with @entity1 and a higher susceptibility to develop severe hypoxaemia in @entity1 . The survival is better in @entity1 with long-term @entity26 therapy than in @entity1 .

title: Survival and future need of long-term @entity26 therapy for XXXX --gender differences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: AIMS: We determined whether implantation of heart tissue-derived decellularized matrix, which contains native biochemical and structural matrix composition, could thicken the infarcted left ventricular (LV) wall and improve LV function in a @entity35 @entity583 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity583 was induced by left coronary ligation in Fischer @entity35 . One week later, saline (75  L, n = 17) or matrix (75  L, n = 19) was directly injected into the infarcted area. At 6 weeks after injection, cardiac function was assessed by left ventriculogram, echocardiography, and Millar catheter. The hearts were pressure fixed to measure postmortem LV volume and processed for histology. Left ventriculogram demonstrated that LV ejection fraction (EF) was significantly greater in the matrix-treated (56.7%    1.4%) than in the saline-treated group (52.4%    1.5%; P = .043), and @entity1002 was significantly reduced in the matrix-treated group (6.2%    1.6% of the LV circumference) compared to the saline-treated group (10.3%    1.3%; P = .048). Matrix implantation significantly increased the thickness of infarcted LV wall (0.602    0.029 mm) compared to the saline-treated group (0.484    0.03 mm; P = .0084). @entity1188 expansion index was significantly lower in the matrix-treated group (1.053    0.051) than in the saline-treated group (1.382    0.096, P = .0058). Blood vessel density and c-kit positive staining cells within the @entity1188 area were comparable between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of heart tissue-derived decellularized matrix thickens the LV infarcted wall, prevents @entity1002 , and improves LV EF after @entity583 in @entity35 . This benefit was not dependent on the enhanced angiogenesis or the recruitment of endogenous stem cells to the injury site.

title: Intramyocardial injection of heart tissue-derived extracellular matrix improves postinfarction cardiac function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical LV systolic bulging']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 1986, a protocol comparing primary @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) plus @entity1862 (HU) to irradiation plus @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity900 ( @entity1577 ) was activated by the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) for the treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity2622 . The goals were to determine the superior chemoradiation regimen and to quantitate the relative @entity137 . METHODS: All @entity1 had biopsy-proven invasive @entity957 , @entity420 , or @entity1962 of the uterine cervix. @entity1 underwent standard clinical staging studies and their @entity5 were found to be International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stages IIB, III, or @entity3480 . Negative cytologic washings and para-aortic lymph nodes were required for entry. @entity1 were randomized to receive either standard whole pelvic @entity1161 with concurrent @entity1487 infusion and bolus @entity1577 or the same @entity1161 . RESULTS: Of 388 randomized @entity1 , 368 were eligible; 177 were randomized to @entity1577 and 191 to HU. Adverse effects were predominantly hematologic or gastrointestinal in both regimens. Severe or life-threatening @entity1431 was more common in the HU group (24%) than in the @entity1577 group (4%). The difference in progression-free survival (PFS) was statistically significant in favor of the @entity1577 group (P = .033). The sites of progression in the two treatment groups were not substantially different. Survival was significantly better for the @entity1 randomized to @entity1577 (P = .018). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 , the combination of @entity1487 and @entity1577 with @entity1161 offers @entity1 better PFS and overall survival than HU, and with manageable @entity137 .

title: Randomized comparison of XXXX plus @entity900 versus @entity1862 as an adjunct to @entity1161 in stage IIB- @entity3480 @entity189 with negative para-aortic lymph nodes: a Gynecologic Oncology Group and Southwest Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RT plus oral HU', 'radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: AIM: To compare levels of @entity2521 in non-smoking type 1 @entity6 @entity1 and controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Type 1 @entity6 @entity1 , aged 20-55  years, were recruited from outpatient clinics at five hospitals in Glasgow, UK. Control subjects were recruited from physiotherapy clinics, using the buddy system and through an advertisement in a free newspaper. The primary outcome was severe @entity2521 defined by clinical attachment level >= 6  mm on >= 1 tooth. RESULTS: There were 34 well controlled @entity1 (HbA1c   <=  7.5%), 169 poorly controlled @entity1 and 112 non- @entity6 subjects. Prevalence of severe @entity2521 was higher in all type 1 @entity6 @entity1 [24.1% (95% CI: 18.4-30.6%)] and poorly controlled @entity1 [27.2% (20.7-34.6%)] than in controls [20.5% (13.5-29.2%)]. The fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) in never smokers comparing the whole @entity6 group, and the poorly controlled group, with the control group were 1.35 [0.66-2.8] (p  =  0.41) and 1.58 [0.75-3.33] (p  =  0.23), respectively. Mean clinical attachment level was higher in all type 1 @entity6 and poorly controlled @entity1 than in controls (both p  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate worse periodontal health in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 than in control subjects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with the UKCRN, ID: 9314 and Scottish @entity6 Research Network registration number: 128.

title: @entity2521 in non-smoking type 1 XXXX adults: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Cancer-related @entity1295 is a significant and distressing problem for the @entity5 @entity1 , affecting their physical and psychosocial function negatively, and reducing their quality of life. The aims of this study were to assess frequency, severity, and the consequence of @entity1295 in @entity5 outpatients receiving cytotoxic drugs, using an existing international @entity1295 scale applied for Swedish use. METHODS: The study used a non-randomized, prospective design to evaluate @entity1295 and its impact on quality of life in outpatients receiving cytotoxic drugs. Once a week, 147 @entity5 @entity1 , in an outpatient ward for cytotoxic drug administration, filled out questionnaires containing 13 items from the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), and five additional questions. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity1295 was 92% in the week after all @entity1 had received cytotoxic drugs, and @entity1 were statistically significantly more fatigued during than before treatment. The degree of @entity1295 was highest the week after treatment, and declined over the following week. Other symptoms, especially depressed mood, showed a strong correlation with @entity5 and cytotoxic-induced @entity1295 . Lung and @entity0 @entity1 experienced the highest degree of @entity1295 . Some cytotoxic drug regimens were, apart from the underlying disease, associated with high @entity1295 scores, eg, those with @entity786 or @entity136 . @entity1 not receiving first line treatment scored significantly higher @entity1295 with more influence on daily living. CONCLUSION: The study verified that @entity1295 is a common side effect, and affects quality of life negatively, even for outpatients receiving cytotoxic drugs. The clinical oncology pharmacist must inform @entity1 that a severe tiredness, @entity1295 , may follow cytotoxic drug administration.

title: Fatigue in @entity5 XXXX treated with cytotoxic drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Salivary gland epithelial cells in @entity1 with @entity244 ( @entity244 ) and in NOD and NODscid @entity19 express Fas and Fas ligand, and these cells die from apoptosis. To elucidate the intracellular molecular mechanisms responsible for this salivary gland epithelial cell apoptosis, expression of the @entity1379 family of proteins ( @entity1379 , @entity26667 , @entity1380 ) and caspase ( @entity34645 ) was studied in young (ages 8-10 weeks) and old (ages 17-28 weeks) NOD and NOD.scid @entity19 . METHODS: Sections of frozen salivary gland tissue were obtained from NOD and NOD.scid @entity19 and from the lip biopsy material of @entity244 @entity1 . Immunohistochemistry or Western blot analysis was performed to assess the apoptotic-associated proteins. RESULTS: Levels of @entity1380 and @entity185 were elevated in the epithelial cells of glands from old NOD @entity19 , but not in those from young NOD @entity19 . In contrast, epithelial cells from both young and old NOD.scid @entity19 exhibited strong expression of @entity1380 and @entity185 . Western blot analysis showed that the activated form of @entity185 was increased 2-5-fold in the glands from old NOD, old NOD.scid, and young NOD.scid @entity19 compared with those from young NOD @entity19 . @entity522 was also significantly elevated (P < 0.01) in @entity244 @entity1 whose focus scores were grade 3 or 4. In the @entity244 @entity1 ' biopsy tissue and in the @entity19 glands, cells with fragmented DNA were positive for @entity185 . CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that salivary gland epithelial cells in NOD and NOD.scid @entity19 overexpress the proapoptotic molecules @entity1380 and @entity185 . @entity1380 could be the gene responsible for initiation of caspase activation, epithelial cell destruction, and lymphocyte glandular localization in @entity244 .

title: Elevated proapoptotic @entity1380 and XXXX activation in the NOD.scid model of @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", 'SS']

answer: @entity185 :: (12367(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['caspase 3']


abstract: Hemoptysis is a known complication in @entity1 with @entity1184 due to a variety of chronic @entity358 . Bronchial artery hypertrophy is observed in most @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ), but surprisingly little is known about the incidence of @entity5492 in these @entity1 . In this paper, we report on 2 @entity1 with @entity120 and recurrent severe @entity5492 , who were treated by bronchial artery embolization. One @entity1 recovered and 1 @entity1 died as a consequence of the @entity548 . A systematic review revealed 21 studies on the underlying pathology in 1,844 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity5492 . @entity120 was reported to be the cause of @entity548 in 0.1% (n = 2), @entity120 without chronic @entity1031 in 0.2% (n = 4), and @entity1151 in 0.7% (n = 12) of the @entity1 . In contrast to this, 5 @entity1 (6%) in our own series of 79 @entity120 @entity1 suffered from moderate to severe @entity5492 requiring medical intervention. Severe @entity5492 appears to be an uncommon, but possibly underreported, life-threatening complication in @entity120 @entity1 . As most @entity120 @entity1 require life-long anticoagulants a therapeutic dilemma may ensue. Therefore, we propose that even mild @entity5492 in @entity120 @entity1 warrants prompt evaluation, and treatment by embolization should be offered as first choice in @entity120 @entity1 .

title: Embolization for @entity5492 in XXXX : report of two cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial artery hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension', 'chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension', 'CTEPH']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disorders']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity5492 :: ('MESH:D006469', 'Disease') :: ['hemoptysis']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that the newer antidepressant drugs may differ with respect to their effects on body weight, especially during long-term treatment. However, the published data about treatment-emergent weight change with the newer antidepressants are limited. Most reports of unexpected selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-associated @entity1017 are anecdotal or from small controlled trials. To determine if differences exist among the newer antidepressants, the authors retrospectively analyzed data from clinical trials comparing @entity9021 with SSRIs and with @entity2645 . METHOD: Weight change data supplied by Bristol-Myers Squibb from 6 completed clinical trials comparing the antidepressant @entity9021 (N = 523) with 3 SSRIs, @entity905 , @entity3756 , and @entity903 (N = 513), as well as 3 trials comparing @entity9021 (N = 225) with the tricyclic antidepressant @entity2645 (N = 224) were analyzed. In all studies, @entity9021 was found to be equal in efficacy to the comparator antidepressants. Studies that included both acute and long-term treatment phases were included in the analysis. Acute phases of the trials lasted either 6 or 8 weeks, and long-term phases varied in duration from 16 to 46 weeks. The analysis included summarizing the number and percentage of @entity1 in each group with a > or = 7% change in body weight from baseline at any point in the long-term and acute phases, at endpoint, and at week 16 of the long-term phases. RESULTS: Using 7% or greater weight change as the measure of clinical significance, 4.3% of SSRI-treated @entity1 had lost weight at any point in the acute phase versus 1.7% of those treated with @entity9021 (p = .017). However, at any point during the long-term phase, significantly more SSRI-treated @entity1 than @entity9021 -treated @entity1 showed a significant increase in body weight (17.9% vs. 8.3%; p = .003). At any point in the acute phase, significantly more @entity2645 -treated @entity1 than @entity9021 -treated @entity1 had a 7% or greater increase in body weight (4.9% vs. 0.9%; p = .027), and for the long-term phase the comparison yielded 24.5% versus 9.5%. The difference during the long-term phase was statistically significant in @entity1 (p = .017), but not in @entity1 (p = .078) due to the small numbers of @entity1 in each group. CONCLUSION: SSRIs caused more @entity353 during short-term treatment but more @entity1017 during long-term treatment. These results lend support to the observation that some antidepressants have a greater expected risk of @entity1017 than others during long-term therapy.

title: Effects of XXXX on body weight: a pooled analysis of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor- and @entity2645 -controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity9021 :: ('MESH:C051752', 'Chemical') :: ['nefazodone']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity9021 :: (MESH:C051752,Chemical) :: ['nefazodone']


abstract: @entity75 ( @entity75 ) has been previously proposed as a mitochondrial @entity75 based on neuropathological similarities with @entity1 @entity8433 ( @entity8433 ). We studied 11 Alaskan Husky @entity235 with @entity75 , but found no abnormalities in respiratory chain enzyme activities in muscle and liver, or mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear genes that cause @entity8433 in @entity1 . A genome wide association study was performed using eight of the affected @entity235 and 20 related but unaffected control AHs using the Illumina @entity235 @entity2033 array. @entity40593 was identified as a positional candidate gene. This gene controls the uptake of @entity9138 in the CNS via expression of the @entity9138 transporter protein THTR2. @entity235 have two copies of this gene located within the candidate interval ( @entity40593 .2 - 43.36-43.38 Mb and @entity40593 .1 - 43.411-43.419 Mb) on chromosome 25. Expression analysis in a normal @entity235 revealed that one of the paralogs, @entity40593 .1, was expressed in the brain and spinal cord while the other was not. Subsequent exon sequencing of @entity40593 .1 revealed a 4bp insertion and SNP in the second exon that is predicted to result in a functional protein truncation of 279 @entity3534 ( @entity40594 , @entity40595 ). All @entity235 with @entity75 were homozygous for this mutation, 15/41 healthy AH control @entity235 were heterozygous carriers while 26/41 normal healthy AH @entity235 were wild type. Furthermore, this mutation was not detected in another 187 @entity235 of different breeds. These results suggest that this mutation in @entity40593 .1, encoding a @entity9138 transporter protein, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of @entity75 .

title: Genome-wide association analysis identifies a mutation in the XXXX transporter 2 ( @entity40593 ) gene associated with Alaskan @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity40594 :: ('c|INS|624|TTGC', 'DNAMutation') :: ['c.624 insTTGC']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Alaskan Husky Encephalopathy', 'encephalopathy', 'AHE']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine']

entities_list: @entity8433 :: ('MESH:D007888', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'Leigh Syndrome']

answer: @entity9138 :: (MESH:D013831,Chemical) :: ['thiamine']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Parotidectomy remains the mainstay of treatment for both benign and malignant lesions of the pediatric parotid gland. Adjuvant radiation therapy should be used judiciously in pediatric @entity1 due to the higher risk of post-irradiation complications. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the incidence and treatment of pediatric @entity5 , and to determine what factors are useful in the management of these lesions. METHODS: From June 2002 to June 2012, 22 @entity1  <=18 years of age with parotid mass were treated at Chonnam National University Hospital. Information on @entity1 characteristics, clinical and histopathologic @entity5 characteristics, and treatment modalities and their results was obtained from the medical records. RESULTS: The 22 @entity1 comprised 11 males and 11 females. Eighteen @entity1 had a @entity5 and four @entity1 had a @entity5 . The most common @entity5 was @entity5123 (63.6%) and the most common @entity5 was @entity3975 (9%). The most common treatment was superficial parotidectomy. Three @entity1 required adjuvant radiotherapy. None of the @entity1 had major complications or @entity2103 .

title: Clinical features of pediatric XXXX : 10-year experience of a single institute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'parotid tumors', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['parotid tumors']


abstract: Electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) from @entity6852 contains two FAD molecules, FAD-1 and @entity10208 . @entity10208 shows an unusual absorption spectrum with a 400-nm peak. In contrast, ETFs from other sources such as @entity1707 contain one FAD and one @entity860 with the FAD showing a typical @entity1785 absorption spectrum with 380- and 440-nm peaks. It is presumed that @entity10208 is the counterpart of the FAD in other ETFs. In this study, the FAD-1 and @entity10208 fluorescence spectra were determined by titration of FAD-1-bound ETF with FAD using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The EEM data were globally analysed, and the FAD fluorescence spectra were calculated from the principal components using their respective absorption spectra. The @entity10208 fluorescence spectrum was different from that of @entity1707 ETF, which is more intense and blue-shifted. @entity860 -free @entity1707 ETF in acidic solution, which has a comparable absorption spectrum to @entity10208 , also had a similar fluorescence spectrum. This result suggests that @entity10208 in @entity6852 ETF and the FAD in acidic @entity860 -free @entity1707 ETF share a common microenvironment. A review of published ETF fluorescence spectra led to the speculation that the majority of ETF molecules in solution are in the conformation depicted by the crystal structure.

title: Decomposition of the fluorescence spectra of two FAD molecules in electron-transferring flavoprotein from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6852 :: ('907', 'Species') :: ['M. elsdenii', 'Megasphaera elsdenii']

answer: @entity6852 :: (907,Species) :: ['Megasphaera elsdenii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the ocular complications and @entity227 among @entity1 with severe @entity5902 ( @entity5902 ). METHODS: A total of 58 consecutive @entity1 (52 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 aged 8 to 17 [mean 12.2] years) with severe active @entity5902 were examined at two tertiary care facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 1995 and 1997. @entity1 were deemed to have severe @entity5902 if they had had symptoms for at least 2 years, had diffuse palpebral conjunctival @entity4 and thickening with papillary @entity1184 (P3) and @entity5902 , and had limbal infiltration of 180 degrees or more. Visual acuity was measured with the standard Snellen visual acuity chart. @entity227 was assessed by means of the World Health Organization criteria for @entity227 . @entity227 was defined as either @entity227 . RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (21%) had a best corrected visual acuity in one or both eyes of 20/200 or less, 20 (34%) had 20/50 to 20/200 vision, and 26 (45%) had 20/20 to 20/50 vision. The ocular complications that led to @entity227 among 32 @entity1 included @entity134 -induced @entity231 (8 @entity1 ), @entity134 -induced @entity726 (4), central @entity267 (7), irregular @entity940 (4), @entity9042 (3) and limbal tissue @entity1373 (3). Of the 32 @entity1 12 had @entity936 , which may have contributed to the @entity227 . INTERPRETATION: Severe @entity5902 in developing countries is a potentially blinding disease. @entity227 may be due to @entity2687 , including @entity267 , @entity940 and @entity9042 , as well as complications of the unsupervised use of topically administered corticosteroids.

title: Ocular complications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'Patients', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual loss', 'visual loss', 'visual disabilities', 'Visual impairment', 'blindness or visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal scars']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal complications']

entities_list: @entity5902 :: ('MESH:D003233', 'Disease') :: ['VKC', 'giant papillary conjunctivitis', 'vernal keratoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity5902 :: (MESH:D003233,Disease) :: ['vernal keratoconjunctivitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies using optimized entoptic viewing of the parafoveal retinal vasculature have shown that normal subjects see their own capillaries with greater detail in the fovea than seen typically in @entity941 angiography. The authors have extended these investigations to @entity1 with @entity6 to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with which they can detect and locate their own parafoveal @entity989 untrained. METHODS: A vascular entoptoscope using Maxwellian view optics creates a high-contrast entoptic view of @entity989 in the parafoveal area. Using a double-masked protocol, 70 @entity1 with @entity6 and 29 control subjects described, drew, and quantified their entoptic image. These entoptic records were compared to angiograms and color photographs obtained immediately after the entoptic evaluation. RESULTS: Angiograms or color photographs or both showed that 61 of 70 @entity1 with @entity6 had @entity989 (e.g., microaneurysms or exudates or both) within the field of view of the Vascular Entoptoscope (8.1 degrees or 11.6 degrees circular field depending on the Vascular Entoptoscope used: parafoveal area subtends approximately 9.7 degrees). Of these 61 @entity1 with @entity6 , 51% (31) observed dark "spots" or "blobs" in the entoptic field corresponding to @entity989 in the angiograms or photographs or both. Seven (18%) of the 38 @entity1 (9 @entity1 with @entity6 and 29 control subjects without defects in the entoptic field) said they saw something when angiograms or photographs or both showed nothing (false-positive). Thus, the sensitivity and specificity (using angiograms or photographs or both as the gold standard) with which untrained @entity1 with @entity6 detect their own parafoveal area defects are 51% and 82%, respectively. Superimposition of the entoptic image (as drawn by the @entity1 ) and the angiograms or color photography or both often showed excellent correspondence. Most (22 of 29) of the control subjects and more than half (40 of 70) the @entity1 with @entity6 were able to quantify the size of their foveal avascular zone (FAZ) from the entoptic view, whereas only 22 of 70 of the capillary loops defining the FAZ were visible in the optimal frame of the capillary phase of the @entity941 angiogram. As reported previously in a smaller sample, large FAZs often were associated with poor visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: More than half the untrained @entity1 with @entity6 were able to visualize their own @entity989 entoptically, and most untrained @entity1 with @entity6 and control subjects where able to quantify the size of their FAZ. @entity1 and control subjects without @entity154 rarely report defects not visible photographically. @entity1 can be trained to detect their defects. Clinical entoptic monitoring will require verification that @entity1 can detect changes in their @entity989 . Entoptic testing is low cost, noninvasive, and can be performed as often as needed at no risk to the @entity1 . It is, therefore, a promising research technique for subjective monitoring of the early natural history of parafoveal area disease processes.

title: Entoptic evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['parafoveal defects']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal defects', 'retinopathy', 'parafoveal retinopathy', 'retinal vasculature abnormalities']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: Widespread outbreaks of severe acute @entity4376 , some associated with @entity548 ( @entity548 ), were reported in Quebec and Ontario in 1993. These outbreaks caused significant economic hardship in infected herds. In the Ontario outbreak 150 dairy, 600 beef and 100 milk and grain fed veal herds were affected with losses estimated at  40000- 10000 per herd in lost animals, milk production, abortions and genetics. Fever, @entity55 , @entity294 , and @entity944 occurred in all age groups of @entity291 . Abortions were frequently observed in pregnant @entity291 . The viruses associated with this outbreak were determined to be noncytopathic @entity4376 from the type 2 genotype. All @entity8602 associated with these outbreaks were noncytopathic. One of the viruses isolated from the Ontario outbreak, @entity8602 -1373, was used to experimentally induce @entity548 in 5-6 weeks old colostrum deprived, seronegative @entity291 . All animals developed @entity1431 and @entity882 within 6-10 days with some developing @entity294 and becoming moribund. Animals were killed for necropsy between 6 and 11 days postinfection. @entity75 were similar, but more severe, to those seen early on (within first 9 days after superinfection) in animals with experimentally induced @entity3137 ( @entity3137 ). There were no erosions and @entity1066 present in the upper digestive tract. In @entity548 in the mucosa, virus antigen (VA) was present in macrophages of both the lamina propria and the submucosa and in basal epithelial cells. Cells containing VA were vacuolated and separated from each other. The most severe lesions observed in the digestive tract were in the Peyers patches and were characterized by depletion of lymphocytes and proliferation of crypt cells resulting in crypthyperplasia. Apoptotic cells were present in crypts and areas of lymph follicles where viral antigen was detected. Out of the six animals, VA was present in four animals in the pancreas, three animals in the pituitary and in two animals in the adrenal glands. The results suggest that the pathology resulting from @entity697 with a highly virulent noncytopathic @entity8602 differs from the pathology observed in classic @entity3137 .

title: Morphologic lesions in type 2 @entity4376 infections experimentally induced by strain XXXX -1373 recovered from a field case.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic syndrome', 'HS', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'bloody diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Histopathologically lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mucosal disease']

answer: @entity8602 :: (54315,Species) :: ['BVDV2']


abstract: HISTORY AND FINDINGS: A 62-year-old @entity1 with refractory ascites and histologically proven liver @entity82 was admitted for implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS). Another 44-year-old @entity1 presented for evaluation of a @entity409 of unknown origin with refractory ascites. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: In both @entity1 abdominal ultrasound showed a dilatation of the inferior caval vein and the liver veins. There was no splenomegaly present. In the side projection of the chest X-ray major calcifications of the pericardium were found pointing to the diagnosis of @entity3822 . Diagnosis was proven by combined left and right heart catheterization demonstrating diastolic dip-plateau-phenomenon. The @entity1 was treated successfully by pericardiectomy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with refractory ascites, dilated jugular veins and dilated liver veins @entity3822 must be suspected. Pericardial calcifications in chest X-ray often given further evidence for the diagnosis which helps to avoid further evaluation of a primary @entity409 . The treatment of choice is early surgical pericardiectomy, whereas shunt procedures are not indicated.

title: [ XXXX --a differential diagnosis in therapy refractory ascites].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['Constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: We used the CA-77 cell, a @entity19 C-cell line derived from a @entity259 , to study the effects of glucocorticoids, @entity460 , and @entity560 metabolites on @entity175 (CT) gene expression. Total RNA was isolated, and CT and @entity12819 ( @entity12819 ) mRNAs were measured by Northern hybridizations using specific probes. A control mRNA probe (cyclophilin) was used to quantitate the specificity of the changes in CT and @entity12819 mRNAs. The CA-77 C cell line cultured in basal conditions with a medium deprived of fetal calf serum, but was supplemented by insulin, expressed mainly the @entity12819 mRNA. @entity619 was found to increase both CT and @entity12819 mRNAs in a time- and dose-dependent way without changing the alternative splicing. A slight but significant increase in the steady-state CT mRNA level was found 3 days after addition of 10(-10) M @entity619 ; the same dose slightly decreased the @entity12819 mRNA level; concentrations of @entity619 > or = 10(-9) M elevated both mRNAs. A twelve-fold increase for CT mRNA, and an eightfold increase in @entity12819 mRNA occurred 3 days after administration of 10(-6) M @entity619 . Kinetic data revealed inductions of both mRNAs 24 hours after exposure to 10(-7) M @entity619 , and highest CT and @entity12819 mRNAs levels were observed after 72 hours of treatment. @entity460 from 1-4 mM in short-term (1 hour and 4 hour) or long-term stimulations (1 day and 4 days), with or without @entity619 cotreatment was ineffective. CT and @entity12819 mRNAs levels were both half-reduced 48 hours after addition of 10(-7) M @entity3873 ; this effect was transient, as it disappeared 2 days later.

title: Effects of @entity619 , @entity460 and @entity3873 on @entity175 and XXXX gene-related peptide mRNA levels from the CA-77 C cell line.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['calcitonin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 with @entity161 , @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) are associated with lower rates of quality of life and polypharmacy. No previous controlled studies have tested the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the treatment of @entity3119 in this population. The present study examined the therapeutic effects of rTMS applied to the supplementary motor area (1Hz, 20min, 20 sessions) on @entity3119 and general symptoms in @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 , and whether this intervention can produce changes in plasma levels of @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ). A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. Active and sham rTMS were delivered to 12 @entity1 (6 on each group). Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores, as well as @entity2252 levels, were assessed before, after, and 4 weeks after treatment. rTMS did not significantly change the outcomes after treatment and on the follow-up (Y-BOCS: Wald's X(2)=3.172; p=0.205; BPRS: X(2)=1.629; p=0.443; @entity2252 : X(2)=2.930; p=0.231). There seemed to be a trend towards improvement of BPRS scores 4 weeks after rTMS treatment comparing with sham (Cohen's d=0.875, with 32.9% statistical power). No side effects were reported. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed.

title: Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over supplementary motor area in @entity1 with @entity161 with XXXX : A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive symptoms', 'OCS']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive-symptoms']


abstract: AIM: To study the safety and effectiveness of preoperative embolization of primary @entity3478 in relation to intraoperative @entity190 , intraoperative blood transfusion volume and surgical time. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 underwent preoperative embolization of @entity5 of extremities, hip or vertebrae before resection and stabilization. The primary @entity5 included @entity2967 , @entity80 , @entity84 and @entity511 . Twenty-six @entity1 were included for the statistical analysis (embolization group) as they were operated within 0-48 h within preoperative embolization. A control group (non-embolization group, n = 28) with @entity3478 having similar histological diagnosis and operated without embolization was retrieved from hospital record for statistical comparison. RESULTS: The mean intraoperative @entity190 was 1300 mL (250-2900 mL), the mean intraoperative blood transfusion was 700 mL (0-1400 mL) and the mean surgical time was 221    76.7 min for embolization group (groupI, n = 26). Non-embolization group (group II, n = 28), the mean intraoperative @entity190 was 1800 mL (800-6000 mL), the mean intraoperative blood transfusion was 1400 mL (700-8400 mL) and the mean surgical time was 250    69.7 min. On comparison, statistically significant (P < 0.001) difference was found between embolisation group and non-embolisation group for the amount of @entity190 and requirement of blood transfusion. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for the surgical time. No @entity1 developed any angiography or embolization related complications. CONCLUSION: Preoperative embolization of @entity3478 is a safe and effective adjunct to the surgical management of primary @entity3478 that leads to reduction in intraoperative @entity190 and blood transfusion volume.

title: Preoperative embolization of primary XXXX : A case control study.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'osseous tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal bone cyst, osteoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity84 :: ('MESH:D002804', 'Disease') :: ['chondroblastoma']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since a few years ago no effective medical therapies were available to cure @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Nowadays, encouraging preliminary results support some new therapeutic agents, collectively named as targeted therapies (TT). This paper reviews our experience with the use of TT in the setting of @entity1358 with @entity3 at the diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the data of 24 @entity1 (7 females, 17 males, median age: 59aa) affected by clear cell @entity1358 with distant metastatis at diagnosis, treated with TT from 2005 to 2012.20 of the 24 @entity1 (83,3%) underwent preliminary cytoreductive nephrectomy, whereas for the others a percutaneous biopsy of the @entity703 was obtained. 5 (20.8%) @entity1 received an immunotherapy with @entity1199 or IFN and then a TT due to a progression. Schedules were applied following heterogeneous regimens along the period of data collection (randomized clinical trial, expanded access, standard indication). Response has been evaluated by RECIST criteria. RESULTS: As first-line therapy of TT 18 @entity1 received @entity2240 , 4 @entity2857 , 2 Temsirolimus; 11 received a second-line (8 @entity2857 , 2 @entity2240 , 1 Everolimus); 6 received also a third-line (5 @entity2239 , 1 Tensirolimus). At last available control, after a mean follow up time of 13,7 months (1-29) a progressive disease was present in 12 cases (50%), a stable disease in 6 (25%), a @entity66 in 4 (16.5%); 7 @entity1 (29.5%) died; overall mean survival of the entire group was 14,7 months. Even if the study suffers from the limitations related to the small number of cases and the retrospective design, seems that no factors played a role in determining the response to theraphy. CONCLUSIONS: The results of TT in clinical practice resemble the ones from randomised clinical trials. It's extremely hard to predict the response to treatment.

title: [Results of targeted therapies for m1 XXXX : our experience].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of the disease']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) uses custom designed and fabricated prosthetic devices in a treatment that restores vision, supports healing, reduces symptoms and improves quality of life in @entity1 with @entity2687 . We report the success rate for PROSE treatment of @entity2687 . METHODS: Records of 59 @entity1 with @entity2687 seen in consultation over 6 months were reviewed. Candidacy for treatment, topographic indices, change in visual acuity, achievement of satisfactory fit, device wear status and change in visual function at 6 months were recorded. RESULTS: Sixteen eyes were non-candidates because conventional correction was adequate. Trial devices were inserted but not dispensed for 13 eyes. No eyes were excluded for severity of @entity4122 . In the remaining 89 eyes, satisfactory fit was achieved and a device was dispensed. @entity735 (15 @entity1 ) had undergone penetrating keratoplasty. Device wear at 6 months was documented in 78/89 eyes (88%). NEI VFQ-25 score improved 27.6 points (p<0.001) on a 100 point scale in @entity1 wearing a device at 6 months. CONCLUSION: All candidate eyes with @entity2687 could be fitted with a PROSE device. PROSE treatment has a high success rate when measured by ability to achieve satisfactory fit, impact on visual acuity and 6 month data on both rate of continued wear and impact on visual function. PROSE treatment is an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty for @entity1 with @entity2687 who are contact lens intolerant.

title: PROSE treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Twenty-one eyes']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['complex corneal disease', 'corneal ectasia']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal ectasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the population of macrophages during the cervical malignant transformation and its influence in @entity3146 outcome. METHODS: Biopsies from 26 normal cervix, 28 low-grade ( @entity2784 ), 30 @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) and 28 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) were stained by H_E to assess @entity32 and by immunohistochemistry with anti- @entity469 to detect macrophages. The macrophage count was corrected for the epithelial and stromal compartments using appropriate software. Clinical and prospective follow-up data were also available. RESULTS: We identified that macrophage count increased linearly with disease progression (median count per case at x200 magnification: normal, 5.1; @entity2784 , 5.5; @entity2784 , 9.9; @entity957 , 14.5; P<0.001), that @entity32 also increased (moderate-intense @entity32 present in 25%, 46.1%, 58.4% and 89.3% of normal, @entity2784 , @entity2784 and @entity957 , respectively; P<0.001) and that macrophage count was independently associated with the lesion grade (P<0.001). Moreover, macrophages showed an increasing migration into the epithelium along with the progression of @entity3146 to @entity3 . Of the 24 @entity2784 cases with information available, followed-up for 805+/-140 days, 16 regressed, 6 persisted and 2 progressed. Age, high-risk HPV or @entity32 were not risk factors for persistent/progressed @entity2784 in our cohort. However, @entity2784 that persisted or progressed showed a higher macrophage count (median of 10.8) than lesions that regressed (7; P=0.031). CONCLUSIONS: The study on macrophages offers a potential approach for cervical @entity5 treatment, since macrophages are closely related to progression of @entity3146 , and can be used as an applicable marker of such a risk.

title: Macrophages, XXXX and risk of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) progression--clinicopathological correlation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'LSIL', 'HSIL']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study tested the hypothesis that @entity19096 ( @entity19096 ) is a variant of @entity161 ( @entity161 ) by determining if first-degree relatives of @entity19096 probands have an increased risk for @entity161 and @entity20546 and @entity10421 . METHODS: Relatives of @entity19096 probands (n = 148) were compared with relatives of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) (n = 368) and community control (n = 206) probands. Age-appropriate structured diagnostic interviews were used to assign DSM-III-R diagnoses to probands and their relatives. Family @entity146 history was elicited from multiple informants. Diagnoses of relatives were made blind to information about probands' diagnoses. Final consensus diagnoses, which integrated family history, direct interview information, and medical records, are reported in this article. RESULTS: There was an increased lifetime morbid risk for @entity161 (4.95% +/- 2.16%) and @entity20546 (4.20% +/- 2.06%) in the parents of @entity19096 probands compared with parents of @entity71 (0.45% +/- 0.45%, 0.91% +/- 0.63%) and community control (0%) probands. The parents of @entity19096 probands diagnosed as having @entity161 had an early age of first onset of @entity161 . Risk for @entity1314 (9.41% +/- 3.17%) was increased in the parents of @entity19096 probands compared with parents of community controls (1.67% +/- 1.17%). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity146 that do and do not aggregate in the parents of @entity19096 probands are remarkably similar to the disorders that do and do not aggregate in the parents of adults with @entity161 in modern family studies. These findings provide compelling support for the hypothesis of etiological continuity between @entity19096 and @entity161 .

title: @entity161 and @entity161 -spectrum XXXX in the first-degree relatives of children with @entity161 : the UCLA family study.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity19096 :: ('MESH:D012561', 'Disease') :: ['childhood-onset schizophrenia', 'COS']

entities_list: @entity20546 :: ('MESH:D012569', 'Disease') :: ['schizotypal', 'schizotypal personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'AOS', 'adult-onset schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity10421 :: ('MESH:D010260', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['avoidant personality disorder']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate FDG-PET for assessment of therapy response and for prediction of @entity1 outcome after neo-adjuvant radio-chemotherapy (NARCT) of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with histologically proven stage III @entity1149 underwent FDG-PET investigations before and after NARCT. Changes in FDG uptake and PET findings after completion of NARCT were compared with (1) the histology of @entity5 samples obtained at surgery or repeat mediastinoscopy, and (2) treatment results in terms of achieved operability and long-term survival. RESULTS: The mean average FDG uptake of the primary @entity5 in the @entity1 group decreased significantly during NARCT (p = 0.004). Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of FDG-PET were 94.5%, 80% and 91%, respectively, for the detection of residual viable primary @entity5 , and 77%, 68% and 73%, respectively, for the presence of lymph node @entity3 . A negative PET scan or a reduction in the standardised uptake value (SUV) of more than 80% was the best predictive factor for a favourable outcome of further treatment. Progressive disease according to PET (new @entity5 manifestations or increasing SUV) was significantly correlated with an unfavourable outcome (p = 0.005). In this subgroup, survival of @entity1 who underwent surgery was not significantly different from survival among those who did not undergo surgery, whereas for the whole @entity1 group, complete @entity5 resection had a significant influence on outcome. CONCLUSION: FDG-PET is suitable to assess response to NARCT in @entity1 with stage III @entity1149 accurately. It was highly predictive for treatment outcome and @entity1 survival. PET may be helpful in improving restaging after NARCT by allowing reliable assessment of @entity5 viability.

title: 18F-FDG PET for assessment of therapy response and preoperative re-evaluation after neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is a @entity179 , caused by the gradual loss of cells in substantia nigra. @entity842 (NO) plays an important role in a variety of signal transduction pathways that are crucial for maintaining the physiologic functions of nervous system. The aims of this study are: 1) To investigate the expression of the inducible form of NO ( @entity13633 ), and compare it to neuronal @entity842 ( @entity17693 ) in the brain of a chronic @entity19 model of @entity191 and 2) To study the effect of endurance exercise training on the expression of these markers. METHOD: @entity19 models of @entity191 were obtained using 10 doses of @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ) (25 mg/kg) and probenecid (250 mg/kg) over 5 weeks. Forty C57BL /6 albino @entity19 were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control (SC, N = 10), exercise control (EC, N = 10), sedentary @entity191 (SPD, N = 10), @entity1726 ( @entity1726 , N = 10). At the end of training program, @entity17693 and @entity13633 were evaluated in the striatum in all animal groups using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity17693 showed significant increases in striatum (ST) of SPD @entity19 compared to SC @entity19 (P > 0.03). There was also decreased expression of @entity17693 in EC group compared to SC @entity19 , but this decrease was not significant (P > 0.8). Exercise training significantly decreased the level of @entity17693 in the @entity1726 compared to SPD, (P > 0.04). Although, @entity13633 expression followed almost the same trend as @entity17693 , but exercise training did not significantly decrease the expression of @entity13633 in both EC and @entity1726 groups, P > 0.2 and 0.3 respectively. DISCUSSION: The data from this study suggests that 4 weeks of treadmill exercise has a positive impact on the expression of @entity17693 and @entity13633 in the striatum of a @entity191 model. This might clear in part the pathogenicity of the diseases and the positive impact of training on @entity191 .

title: Endurance exercise training protects against the upregulation of XXXX in the striatum of @entity5212 /probenecid @entity19 model of @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1726 :: ('OMIM:168600', 'Disease') :: ['exercise PD', 'EPD']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: In this review, we describe the topographic distribution of hemopoietic cells of the lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid lineages in the @entity1 @entity409 . The data are based on studies of frozen tissue, allowing the determination of a broad range of hemopoietic antigens, and studies on @entity982 -embedded tissue, allowing the combination of optimal morphology and immunodetection of lineage-specific antigens. The different hemopoietic lineages each show their own immunophenotype and distribution; intercellular and microenvironmental relationships were easily determined. In a few cases, some scarce @entity2280 -positive early progenitor cells were seen. The number of proliferating cells, identified by monoclonal antibody (MAb) Ki-67, varied from 350 to 2500 (median = 1,500) per square millimeter of tissue. Erythroid cells reacted with antisera to glycophorin A, CDw75, and @entity12910 and partly surround a central macrophage, whereas the myelomonocytic cells reacted with @entity1195 , @entity12910 , @entity5933 , and antilysozyme serum, and with LN3 from 14 weeks onward. Myelopoietic ( @entity5824 positive) cells were localized mainly around portal triad vessels and increased in number with gestational age. The lymphoid cells showed @entity1195 , @entity12910 , CD45RA/ @entity13498 , CD45RA/ @entity7571 , MB2, and @entity5933 reactivity. B cells and their precursors were scattered among the hepatocytes without any sign of focal development in the age range studied. We seldom found cells positive for delta-H chain or @entity3432 ( @entity3432 ); @entity10911 ( @entity10911 )-positive cells were even more scarce. Cells reactive with MAb @entity8587 ( @entity4587 ) were present in a scattered single pattern (< or = 20/mm2) among the parenchymal cells; cells expressing mature T-cell markers ( @entity3138 , CD3, @entity5893 ) were rare. Large (> 15 mu) @entity12910 -positive hemopoietic cells in the fetal liver were distinguished that exclusively expressed @entity12910 , probably representing early hemopoietic progenitor cells.

title: Hemopoiesis in XXXX @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fetal and embryonic liver']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We compared standard adjuvant @entity4349 chemotherapy with @entity4349 - @entity3907 combination chemotherapy in @entity1 with operable @entity0 . Here we report the final, 10-year follow-up analysis of disease-free survival, overall survival, and long-term safety. METHODS: BCIRG 001 was an open label, phase 3, multicentre trial in which 1491 @entity1 aged 18-70 years with node-positive, early @entity0 and a Karnofsky score of 80% or more were randomly assigned to adjuvant treatment with @entity1205 , @entity632 , and @entity786 (TAC) or @entity1487 , @entity632 , and @entity786 (FAC) every 3 weeks for six cycles. Randomisation was stratified according to institution and number of involved axillary lymph nodes per @entity1 (one to three vs four or more). Disease-free survival was the primary endpoint and was defined as the interval between randomisation and @entity0 relapse, second @entity5 , or @entity204 , whichever occurred first. Efficacy analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle. BCIRG 001 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00688740. FINDINGS: Enrolement took place between June 11, 1997 and June 3, 1999; 745 @entity1 were assigned to receive TAC and 746 @entity1 were assigned to receive FAC. After a median follow-up of 124 months (IQR 90-126), disease-free survival was 62% (95% CI 58-65) for @entity1 in the TAC group and 55% (51-59) for @entity1 in the FAC group (hazard ratio [HR] 0  80, 95% CI 0  68-0  93; log-rank p=0  0043). 10-year overall survival was 76% (95% CI 72-79) for @entity1 in the TAC group and 69% (65-72) for @entity1 in the FAC group (HR 0  74, 0  61-0  90; log-rank p=0  0020). TAC improved disease-free survival relative to FAC irrespective of nodal, @entity5282 , and @entity1722 status, although not all differences were significant in these subgroup analyses. Grade 3-4 @entity712 occurred in 26 (3%) @entity1 in the TAC group and 17 (2%) @entity1 in the FAC group, and caused @entity204 in two @entity1 in the TAC group and four @entity1 in the FAC group. A substantial decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (defined as a relative decrease from baseline of 20% or more) was seen in 58 (17%) @entity1 who received TAC and 41 (15%) @entity1 who received FAC. Six @entity1 who received TAC developed @entity1778 or @entity2590 , as did three @entity1 who received FAC. INTERPRETATION: Our results provide evidence that the initial therapeutic outcomes seen at the 5-year follow-up with a @entity1205 -containing adjuvant regimen are maintained at 10 years. However, a substantial percentage of @entity1 had a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction, probably caused by @entity4349 therapy, which warrants further investigation. FUNDING: Sanofi.

title: Adjuvant @entity1205 , @entity632 , and XXXX in @entity0 : 10-year follow-up of the phase 3 randomised BCIRG 001 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lymph node metastases represent a diagnostic and management challenge in @entity1 with disseminated @entity259 ( @entity259 ). Our understanding of microRNA (miRNA) profiles of @entity3 also remains limited and may unveil novel therapeutic strategies for these @entity1 . METHODS: @entity259 @entity1 with a history of total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection were identified from within the prospective Sydney University Endocrine Surgical Unit database. @entity1 with available @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue were included and clinicopathological data were collated. Total RNA was extracted and quantitave polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis performed on the primary @entity5 and a corresponding lymph node @entity3 for expression of miRNAs of proven significance in @entity259 (miR-9*, @entity26767 and @entity26261 ). RESULTS: Tissue was available for analysis in seven @entity1 . The median age at diagnosis was 55 years (range: 22-67). Median @entity5 size was 18   mm (range: 6-55) and over a median follow-up period of 34 months (range: 1-210), five further operations were undertaken for residual disease. One @entity1 died of @entity3 . Pairwise correlations of qPCR expression levels between primary @entity5 and corresponding lymph node metastases revealed significant correlations for miR-9* (P < 0.001), @entity26767 (P = 0.001) and @entity26261 (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: miRNA expression patterns in nodal metastases significantly reflect those of the primary @entity5 in @entity259 . This further validates previously reported miRNA profile analyses and reiterates the potential significance of miR-9*, -183 and -375 in the pathophysiology of @entity259 . The possibility of lymph node biopsy miRNA analysis driven clinical decision making may now also be a possibility where conventional techniques are unhelpful.

title: Nodal XXXX microRNA expression correlates with the primary @entity5 in @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: For @entity5 , treatment with radical surgery appears effective with excellent survival. However, the treatment is associated with significant morbidities. @entity250 is the leading cause of symptom-induced distress after the treatments for @entity5 . There has been no study that evaluates the effect of surgical treatments for cervical @entity5 on sexual function in the Eastern/Asian @entity1 . AIM: To examine the effect of radical hysterectomy on postoperative sexual function in @entity1 with @entity5 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. The visual analog score on seven aspects of sexual function: overall satisfaction with sexual intercourse, sexual desire, vaginal lubrication, vaginal elasticity, orgasmic satisfaction, @entity1 -perceived partner satisfaction, and associated @entity148 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB cervical @entity5 undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at the Chiang Mai University Hospital were recruited. All of the @entity1 were interviewed by questionnaire on sexual function at preoperative hospital admission and then at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Relevant clinical and pathologic data were also prospectively collected. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 45.3 +/- 6 years (range 28-59). Seven (23%) of the @entity1 were postmenopausal. Almost all (97%) had FIGO stage IB1 disease. Fourteen (46.7%) @entity1 had bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and one (3.3%) @entity1 had unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. @entity957 and @entity420 were diagnosed in 83% and 17%, respectively. At 3 and 6 months after operation, 63% and 93% of the @entity1 had sexual intercourse, respectively. Considering the overall sexual satisfaction, the @entity1 -rated visual analog score appeared comparable at preoperative and 6-month postoperative assessment (4.2 +/- 2.5 vs. 3.6 +/- 2.2, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Radical hysterectomy using the current technique has a minimal short-term impact on sexual function. A comparative study with long-term follow-up would provide clearer information on permanent effect of radical hysterectomy on sexual function.

title: Sexual function after radical hysterectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage cervical cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage cervical cancer']