abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess bowel function and @entity344 of life among adults with operated @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Outcomes of @entity1963 extending to adulthood are unclear; bowel function and quality of life may deteriorate by aging. METHODS: Bowel function and @entity344 of life were cross-sectionally assessed in a population-based manner among adults operated for @entity1963 during childhood between 1950 and 1986. @entity1 were interviewed during their outpatient visit. Controls matched for age and sex were randomly chosen from the Population Register Centre of Finland. RESULTS: Ninety-two (64%) @entity1 representative for the entire study population responded. The mean age of @entity1 (79% male) was 43 (interquartile range [IQR], 35-48) years. Most (78%) had undergone Duhamel operation, and 94% had aganglionosis confined to the rectosigmoid. The mean overall bowel function score was decreased among @entity1 (17.1    2.8 vs 19.1    1.2; P < 0.0001). They reported increased incidence of @entity615 (40% vs 17%), fecal soiling (48% vs 22%), @entity1142 (30% vs 9%) and social problems related to bowel function (29% vs 11%; P < 0.05 for all). Gastrointestinal quality of life was only marginally lower among @entity1 (121    15.3 vs 125    13.1; P = 0.0578) mainly because of significantly lower scores in questions assessing disease-specific factors such as bowel function and continence. Age was the only predictor of poor bowel function (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.14, P = 0.049), which weakly predicted @entity344 of life (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-1.01, P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS: Although bowel function deteriorates with increasing age after operated @entity1963 , it is associated with only slightly decreased @entity344 of life.

title: Bowel function and @entity344 of life among adults operated for XXXX during childhood: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal quality']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['inability to hold back defecation']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung disease']


abstract: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) is the most common form of @entity6 in the civilized world. Its consequences include microvascular and @entity66 , both of which appear to evolve from a common background of @entity28 and physical inactivity. The current study was undertaken in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity2175 to see whether improvements could be made in glycemic control as well as in many cardiovascular risk factors ( @entity28 , @entity101 , @entity14822 , and physical inactivity) that are typical of this condition. Fifteen @entity28 insulin-using @entity1 with @entity2175 (average body mass index, 34.0) were treated with a 500-calorie formula diet for eight to 12 weeks. Administration of insulin and diuretics was discontinued at the onset of the study. A eucaloric diet was begun at eight to 12 weeks and maintained until Week 24. A behaviorally oriented nutrition-exercise program was instituted at the beginning of the study. @entity15506 or placebo was added (randomized) at Week 15 if the fasting plasma @entity413 level in @entity1 exceeded 115 mg/dl. @entity1 lost an average of 22 pounds over the course of 24 weeks. Frequency and duration of physical activity increased significantly from baseline, as did the maximal @entity26 consumption rate. Glycemic control by 15 weeks (without insulin) was similar to baseline (with insulin). With the addition of glipizide at Week 15, both fasting plasma @entity413 and @entity413 tolerance improved significantly. This improvement was not observed with placebo. In addition, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by about 10 mm Hg. There were no significant changes in the levels of serum lipids or glycosylated hemoglobin. In conclusion, a multifaceted intervention program, employing weight reduction, exercise, diet, and @entity15506 therapy, can be instituted in insulin-using @entity1 with @entity2175 , with improvement in glycemic control and in certain risk factors ( @entity101 , @entity28 , physical inactivity) for @entity65 .

title: Achieving therapeutic goals in insulin-using @entity6 XXXX with @entity2175 . A weight reduction-exercise-oral agent approach.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity15506 :: ('MESH:D005913', 'Chemical') :: ['Glipizide', 'glipizide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Size mismatch between donor lungs and a recipient thorax could affect the major determinants of maximal expiratory airflow: airway resistance, propensity of airways to collapse, and lung elastic recoil. METHODS: A retrospective review of 159 adults who received bilateral lung transplants was performed. The predicted total lung capacity (pTLC) for donors and recipients was calculated based on sex and height. Size matching was represented using the following formula: pTLC ratio = donor pTLC / recipient pTLC. @entity1 were grouped according to those with a pTLC ratio > 1.0 (oversized) or those with a pTLC ratio  <= 1.0 (undersized). Allograft function was analyzed in relation to the pTLC ratio and to recipient and donor predicted function. RESULTS: The 96 @entity1 in the oversized cohort had a mean pTLC ratio of 1.16    0.13 vs 0.89    0.09 in the 63 @entity1 of the undersized group. At 1 to 6 months posttransplant, the @entity1 in the oversized cohort had higher FEV(1)/FVC ratios (0.895    0.13 vs 0.821    0.13, P < .01) and lower time constant estimates of lung emptying (0.38    0.2 vs 0.64    0.4, P < .01) than @entity1 in the undersized cohort. Although the FVCs expressed as % predicted for the recipient were not different between cohorts, the FVCs expressed as % predicted for the donor organ were lower in the oversized cohort compared with the undersized cohort (at 1-6 months, 52.4%    17.1% vs 65.3%    18.3%, P < .001). Kaplan-Meier estimates for the occurrence of @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ) showed that @entity1 in the oversized cohort had a lower probability of @entity4154 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A pTLC ratio > 1.0, suggestive of an oversized allograft, is associated with higher expiratory airflow capacity and a less frequent occurrence of @entity4154 .

title: Lung size mismatch in bilateral lung transplantation is associated with allograft function and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['BOS', 'bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

answer: @entity4154 :: (MESH:D001989,Disease) :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']


abstract: Opioid and its receptors play important roles in @entity413 homeostasis. However, few reports were available for the study of k-opioid receptor in @entity413 regulation. In our study, we found that the blood @entity413 of @entity6 @entity19 dropped significantly following the treatment with @entity4596 (a selective k-opioid receptor agonist). This phenomenon was time-dependent and associated with the coincident alteration of @entity3240 translocation in the skeleton muscles. U50,488H increased the serum adiponectin, but not serum insulin in @entity6 @entity19 . U50,488H increased the @entity14718 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. It also promoted AMPK phosphorylation and @entity3240 translocation. All these effects were abolished by @entity14719 (a selective k-opioid receptor antagonist). These findings suggest that activation of k-opioid receptor reduces @entity4854 in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity19 . This effect is associated with the translocation of @entity3240 and might be relevant to increased adiponectin , @entity14718 and AMPK phosphorylation. J. Cell. Biochem.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Activation of k-opioid receptor exerts the @entity413 -homeostatic effect in XXXX -induced @entity6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) is the most common cause of @entity882 in @entity1 and adolescents. However, there are a number of other diagnoses that are often mistaken for @entity3039 . A 10-year retrospective chart review was performed at the @entity1 's Hospital of Alabama to characterize @entity3039 . Initially, 492 @entity1 who had the coded diagnosis of @entity3039 ( @entity1479 287.3) were identified. However, 83 (17%) of @entity1 were found to have alternative diagnoses on chart review. Of the 83 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 (3%) represented coding errors or study classification errors. The 70 remaining @entity1 (14%) had an alternative explanation for their @entity882 , consisting of 31 different diagnoses. The most common diagnoses were @entity882 (10%), @entity1252 (9%), @entity6118 (9%), @entity16978 (7%), @entity17454 (7%), or @entity281 (6%). In total, 16 of the @entity1 (23%) were ultimately diagnosed with one of a number of @entity154 with concurrent @entity882 . Although this review confirms that most @entity1 with @entity882 are diagnosed with @entity3039 , 14% of the study population manifested other diagnoses. The clinician evaluating a @entity1 with @entity882 must keep an open mind about the possible diagnosis and perform a comprehensive and thoughtful evaluation based on the clinical picture. @entity3039 must be a diagnosis of exclusion as misdiagnosis in a @entity1 with @entity882 may have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality.

title: @entity882 masquerading as childhood immune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital syndromes']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['familial thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity16978 :: ('MESH:D054098', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Immune thrombocytopenic purpura', 'ITP']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity3897 in treating prehospital @entity1167 @entity1 developing @entity1167 slow @entity11233 ( @entity11233 ) was evaluated in a controlled, prospective study. Twenty-one prehospital cardiac-arrested @entity1 developing @entity1167 or @entity11233 (less than 40) were divided into @entity3897 -treated or non- @entity3897 (control) groups. Control group @entity1 received treatment including @entity3157 , @entity1425 , @entity460 , @entity3044 , @entity619 , and transthoracic pacing. @entity3897 -treated @entity1 received 1 mg @entity3897 intravenously with a repeat dose at one minute if no rhythm change occurred. These @entity1 then received the same therapy as the control group. In both groups, rhythm changes were treated as appropriate for the specific circumstances. No differences in mortality or effected rhythm changes were observed. Ten of the 11 controls and eight of 10 @entity3897 @entity1 developed rhythms other than @entity1167 or @entity11233 less than 40. However, only two @entity1 in each group were successfully resuscitated in the emergency department and only one control group @entity1 was discharged alive. Our findings are not in agreement with those of previous authors who have advocated the use of @entity3897 in @entity1167 @entity1 with these @entity943 . We question the usefulness of @entity3897 in this setting. More study is necessary in order to clearly define its role in the resuscitation of @entity1 who have sustained brady- @entity1167 arrests.

title: Use of @entity3897 for brady- @entity1167 prehospital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11233 :: ('MESH:D016170', 'Disease') :: ['pulseless idioventricular rhythms', 'PIVR']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystolic', 'asystole']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: @entity1877 is an essential anabolic substrate for the synthesis of phospholipids. @entity1877 kinase phosphorylates @entity1877 to @entity2945 that serves as a precursor for the production of @entity2434 , the major phospholipid constituent of membranes and substrate for the synthesis of lipid signaling molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic studies of @entity1 @entity5 have identified a marked increase in the intracellular concentration of @entity2945 relative to normal tissues. We postulated that the observed intracellular pooling of @entity2945 may be required to sustain the production of the pleiotropic lipid second messenger, @entity8558 . @entity8558 is generated from the cleavage of @entity2434 by @entity10411 and is a key activator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and @entity10412 ( @entity10412 )/ @entity584 survival signaling pathways. In this study we show that the steady-state concentration of @entity2945 is increased by the ectopic expression of oncogenic H-Ras(V12) in immortalized @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells. We then find that small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of @entity1877 kinase expression in transformed HeLa cells completely abrogates the high concentration of @entity2945 , which in turn decreases @entity2434 , @entity8558 and signaling through the MAPK and @entity10412 / @entity584 pathways. This simultaneous reduction in survival signaling markedly decreases the anchorage-independent survival of HeLa cells in soft agar and in athymic @entity19 . Last, we confirm the relative importance of @entity8558 for this pro-survival effect as @entity8558 supplementation fully restores MAPK signaling and partially rescues HeLa cells from @entity1877 kinase inhibition. Taken together, these data indicate that the pooling of @entity2945 in @entity5 cells may be required to provide a ready supply of @entity8558 necessary for the feed-forward amplification of @entity5 survival signaling pathways.

title: Selective inhibition of @entity1877 kinase simultaneously attenuates MAPK and @entity10412 / XXXX signaling.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidic acid', 'phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity1877 :: ('MESH:D002794', 'Chemical') :: ['choline', 'Choline']

entities_list: @entity10412 :: ('5293', 'Gene') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase', 'PI3K']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['AKT']


abstract: Treatment of the @entity35 uterus with @entity53 results in many morphological and biochemical changes. In order to examine the biochemical mechanisms of these changes, we are interested in finding a protein which can be used as an end-point indicator or marker. @entity53 administration results in the increased synthesis and release of a 115,000 and 65,000 dalton protein into the incubation media. In this paper, we demonstrate that these proteins are actually subunits of a larger protein having a molecular weight of 180,000 daltons. This protein appears to be specific to the uterus and may be produced mainly or solely by the epithelial cells. In the normal estrous cycle, maximal production is seen at estrus with essentially no production at diestrus. In the immature @entity35 , synthesis of the 180K dalton protein is blocked by the interaction of @entity1420 and @entity53 . However, unlike some uterine responses, the 180K protein is increased by treatment with several antiestrogens. This protein is also present in sufficient quantities to allow for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Thus this protein has many attributes of an excellent "marker protein" and will be of value in future studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanism(s) of @entity134 hormone action in the uterus.

title: Hormonal regulation of XXXX uterine secretory protein synthesis.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The natural course of @entity432 of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) has many variations, which include the frequent appearance of @entity385 . There are also fatal cases among which severe @entity4 is found. There haven's been many cases reported of @entity2500 in the acute stage, and findings concerning them have been very complicated and hard to analyze. Nevertheless there certainly exist cases where remarkable improvement of neurological signs is shown soon after the procedure. Five cases of @entity341 have been undergone in our hospital in the past 2 years. The results were better than results obtained in cases where embolectomy was not performed. Three male and two female cases are the objectives, whose average age was 61 +/- 6 years (ranging from 54 to 67 years). The left side of the MC was involved in three cases and the right in two, and all cases had past history of @entity299 which may have been the embolic source. Each case had undergone CT scan soon after admission to make sure not to be the other type of @entity1504 . Cerebral angiography was performed next, to discover the site of the occlusion and the degree of collateral circulation. Emergency embolectomy was performed as soon as possible in every case. The functional outcome was estimated from the ADL three months later using the international fifth degree grading. RESULTS: The period from onset to recanalization ranges between 4.5 to 11 hours (average 6.9 +/- 2.5 hours). Good MC recanalization was demonstrated in each case angiographically within a week after the operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Emergency embolectomy in XXXX of the middle cerebral artery].

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA embolectomy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic edema']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency embolectomy']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['embolic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['embolic occlusion']


abstract: The @entity24424 gene subfamily of transcription factors is defined by its characteristic 110 @entity535 long DNA-binding forkhead domain and plays essential roles in vertebrate biology. Its four members, @entity24425 -P4, have been extensively characterized functionally. @entity24425 , FoxP2, and FoxP4 are involved in lung, heart, gut, and central nervous system (CNS) development. FoxP3 is necessary and sufficient for the specification of regulatory T cells (Tregs) of the adaptive immune system. In @entity238 , in silico predictions identify one unique @entity24424 subfamily gene member (CG16899) with no described function. We characterized this gene and established that it generates by alternative splicing two isoforms that differ in the forkhead DNA-binding domain. In @entity238 , both isoforms are expressed in the embryonic CNS, but in hemocytes, only isoform A is expressed, hinting to a putative modulation through alternative splicing of @entity24425 function in immunity and/or other hemocyte-dependent processes. Furthermore, we show that in vertebrates, this novel alternative splicing pattern is conserved for @entity24425 . In @entity19 , this new @entity24425 isoform is expressed in brain, liver, heart, testes, thymus, and macrophages (equivalent in function to hemocytes). This alternative splicing pattern has arisen at the base of the Bilateria, probably through exon tandem duplication. Moreover, our phylogenetic analysis suggests that in vertebrates, @entity24425 is more related to the @entity24424 gene ancestral form and the other three paralogues, originated through serial duplications, which only retained one of the alternative exons. Also, the newly described isoform differs from the other in @entity1522 critical for DNA-binding specificity. The integrity of its fold is maintained, but the molecule has lost the direct @entity3884 bonding to DNA bases leading to a putatively lower specificity and possibly affinity toward DNA. With the present comparative study, through the integration of experimental and in silico studies of the @entity24424 gene subfamily across the animal kingdom, we establish a new model for the @entity24424 gene in invertebrates and for the vertebrate @entity24425 paralogue. Furthermore, we present a scenario for the structural evolution of this gene class and reveal new previously unsuspected levels of regulation for @entity24425 in the vertebrate system.

title: Alternative splicing and gene duplication in the evolution of the XXXX gene subfamily.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'D. melanogaster']

answer: @entity24424 :: (41182(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['FoxP']


abstract: To examine the influence of @entity1140 on lymphocyte development, we employed a syngeneic bone marrow transplantation model using MHC-disparate @entity2020 (H-2b, I-Ab) and @entity2020 .BR (H-2k, I-Ak, I-Ek) @entity19 . @entity2020 @entity19 , which do not express class II I-E, do not delete any known T cell receptor (TCR)-V beta, while @entity2020 .BR @entity19 (MHC class II I-Ek, I-Ak) delete V @entity10975 + and V beta 11+ TCR. Continuous daily treatment of syngeneically reconstituted @entity2020 @entity19 with @entity1140 delayed the development of thymocytes from the @entity1961 +CD8+ to @entity1961 +CD8- stage, while no effect was observed at the earlier @entity1961 -CD8- to @entity1961 +CD8+ stage. At the same time, there was a significant reduction in TCRhigh thymocytes compared with untreated, syngeneically reconstituted controls. These results suggest that @entity1140 treatment interfered with thymic positive selection. We also examined whether @entity1140 treatment would influence negative selection. Levels of expression of V @entity10975 + and V beta 11+ T cells in @entity1140 -treated @entity2020 .BR--> @entity2020 .BR recipients were similar to those observed in unmanipulated, syngeneically reconstituted @entity2020 .BR--> @entity2020 .BR controls. This was not due to the inhibition of clonal proliferation by @entity1140 , since 35 days after drug withdrawal complete recovery of the peripheral @entity3512 + population was observed, while the percentages of V @entity10975 + and V beta 11+ @entity3512 + T cells were maintained at values similar to controls. Surprisingly, clonal proliferation stimulated by monoclonal antibody against V @entity10975 TCRs was observed in CsA-treated, syngeneically reconstituted @entity2020 .BR @entity19 but not in @entity1140 -treated @entity19 , suggesting that CsA may be more likely to induce autoreactivity. Differences in thymic architecture between @entity1140 - and CsA-treated animals further suggested that the drugs may differ in their effects on T cell development in vivo.

title: @entity1140 inhibits the differentiation of developing thymocytes but not negative selection of T cell receptor V XXXX + and V beta 11+ T lymphocytes in vivo.

answer: @entity10975 :: (16419(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['beta 5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) from @entity1167 , one of the most common types of @entity204 , is most often triggered by @entity943 ( @entity943 ). It has been reported that @entity1369 antagonists ( @entity4556 ) have the benefit of reducing @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). It also has been indicated in animal experiments and clinical trials that @entity4556 may have an antiarrhythmic effect. HYPOTHESIS: @entity4556 have an effect on @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity301 . METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Current Controlled Trials, and the National Research Register, and identified randomized controlled trials on the effect of @entity4556 on @entity943 . RESULTS: All together, 7 trials with a total of 8635 @entity1 were identified and extracted. @entity4556 reduced the risk of @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity712 by 21% (relative risk [RR]: 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.93). @entity4556 significantly reduced the episodes of @entity1540 (mean difference 705    646 episodes per 24 hours). Risk of @entity1165 was reduced by 72% (RR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10-0.77). CONCLUSIONS: The additional administration of @entity4556 in @entity1 with @entity301 shows a benefit in reducing the risk of @entity1164 and may also be effective for reducing episodes of @entity1540 and @entity1165 .

title: The effect of @entity1369 antagonists for XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'VA']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['HF or coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature complexes']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac-related death']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the @entity158 and @entity158 -related symptoms experienced by @entity1 receiving treatment in a @entity5 center or a hospice and to describe the nurses' responses to these problems. The sample consisted of 25 hospice and 19 @entity5 center @entity1 who were being treated for @entity158 . @entity158 was assessed three times in a 24-hour period using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Constipation was assessed using the Constipation Assessment Scale. Sedation was assessed on a 0 (fully alert) to 4 (comatose) scale. The nurses' documentation was assessed using the Chart Audit for @entity158 . Results showed that @entity1 in the @entity5 center and hospice continued to experience @entity158 (VAS M = 38.6 and 29.7 respectively) in spite of their @entity158 management regimens. The @entity5 center @entity1 were given an average of 38% of the maximum ordered dose of analgesic while the hospice @entity1 self-administered 93% of the ordered dose. The @entity5 center nurses documented the efficacy of the analgesics in only 26% of cases while hospice nurses recorded this information in 96% of the charts. Sedation was not found to be a problem. Constipation was reported by 100% of @entity5 center @entity1 and 84% of hospice @entity1 but was rarely documented by nurses in either setting. It appears that nurses need to do more thorough assessment of @entity1 symptoms and more consistent follow-up evaluation and documentation.

title: A descriptive study of the management of XXXX and @entity158 -related side effects in a @entity5 center and a hospice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of @entity49 on risk of first childhood @entity64 through a meta-analysis of published observational studies. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library) for studies published from 1970 to 2009 was conducted. Data on year of publication, study design, country of origin, number of @entity1 /control subjects, ethnicity, @entity64 type (arterial @entity385 [ @entity465 ], @entity50 [ @entity50 ]) were abstracted. Publication bias indicator and heterogeneity across studies were evaluated, and summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with fixed-effects or random-effects models. Twenty-two of 185 references met inclusion criteria. Thus, 1764 @entity1 (arterial @entity385 [ @entity465 ], 1526; @entity50 [ @entity50 ], 238) and 2799 control subjects (neonate to 18 years of age) were enrolled. No significant heterogeneity was discerned across studies, and no publication bias was detected. A statistically significant association with first @entity64 was demonstrated for each @entity49 trait evaluated, with no difference found between @entity465 and @entity50 . Summary ORs (fixed-effects model) were as follows: @entity5582 deficiency, 7.06 (95% CI, 2.44 to 22.42); @entity7131 , 8.76 (95% CI, 4.53 to 16.96); @entity4889 , 3.20 (95% CI, 1.22 to 8.40), factor V @entity21801 , 3.26 (95% CI, 2.59 to 4.10); factor II @entity14553 , 2.43 (95% CI, 1.67 to 3.51); @entity9769 @entity9770 ( @entity465 ), 1.58 (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.08); antiphospholipid @entity465 ( @entity465 ), 6.95 (95% CI, 3.67 to 13.14); elevated lipoprotein(a), 6.27 (95% CI, 4.52 to 8.69), and combined @entity49 , 11.86 (95% CI, 5.93 to 23.73). In the 6 exclusively perinatal @entity465 studies, summary ORs were as follows: factor V, 3.56 (95% CI, 2.29 to 5.53); and factor II, 2.02 (95% CI, 1.02 to 3.99). CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis indicates that @entity49 serve as risk factors for incident @entity64 . However, the impact of @entity49 on outcome and recurrence risk needs to be further investigated.

title: Impact of XXXX on risk of arterial @entity385 or cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in neonates and @entity1 : a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['protein S deficiency']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilias', 'thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'antibodies']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous sinus thrombosis', 'CSVT', 'cerebral sinus venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['thrombophilia']


abstract: Curative @entity943 surgery for @entity1 with symptomatic @entity3153 ( @entity3153 ) was first performed in South Africa in November 1987. Pre-operatively all @entity1 were symptomatic despite medical therapy, and 32% were assessed as being at risk for @entity944 . The first 9 @entity1 (November 1987 to December 1989) underwent either epicardial or localised endocardial surgical dissections, and a cure was obtained in 66%. Aberrant @entity713 recurred in 2 @entity1 , 3 degrees @entity616 occurred in 2 @entity1 , and there was 1 postoperative @entity204 in a @entity1 who had undergone simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting. In contrast, a standardised endocardial technique was used in the subsequent 10 @entity1 . Surgical cure was obtained in all 10 @entity1 (P < 0.01). However, 1 @entity1 required reoperation 24 hours after the first procedure because of early postoperative recurrence due to initial incorrect pathway localisation. This was successful. There were no deaths, and no @entity1 developed @entity616 . In view of the excellent surgical results, @entity943 surgery should be considered in select @entity3153 @entity1 who either have refractory symptoms or are at risk for @entity944 . Furthermore, this reliable surgical technique provides an essential back-up should alternative interventional procedures such as percutaneous radiofrequency ablation fail.

title: Surgical cure of the XXXX --a comparison of two techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular conduction']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome', 'WPW']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular heart block']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A possible relationship between @entity2521 and @entity65 has been suggested. The aims of this controlled clinical study were: (i) to ascertain the presence of periodontal bacteria DNA [ @entity3841 , @entity8209 , @entity2523 , @entity3288 , @entity3289 (formerly @entity3289 )] in carotid @entity1856 and (ii) to assess the concomitant presence of the same periodontal bacteria DNA, if any, in periodontal pockets and in carotid @entity1856 in the same @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 52 @entity1 scheduled for carotid endarderectomy were enrolled in this study. The test group consisted of 26 dentate @entity1 ; the control group included 26 edentulous @entity1 . A complete periodontal examination, including radiographic orthopanoramic and @entity527 sample, was performed in the test population. Oral and X-ray examinations were performed in the control group. @entity1856 were harvested during surgical procedure for each dentate and edentulous @entity1 and then sent to the microbiological laboratory. @entity527 and carotid specimens were examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique by means of specific primers for periodontal bacteria. Amplification of extracted DNA was tested using @entity1 beta-globin specific-primers. RESULTS: Out of 52 endarterectomy samples, 12 (seven dentate, five edentulous @entity1 ) were excluded as negative to DNA amplification. In @entity527 samples of 19 test @entity1 , @entity3289 (79%), @entity8209 (63%), @entity3288 (53%), @entity2523 (37%) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (5%) were found. No periodontal bacteria DNA was detected by PCR in any of the carotid samples in either @entity1 group. CONCLUSION: The presence of periodontal bacteria DNA in @entity1856 could not be confirmed by this study and thus no correlation could be established between species associated with periodontal disease and putative bacteria contributing to @entity1856 .

title: Periodontal pathogens in XXXX . A controlled clinical and laboratory trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['F. nucleatum', 'Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque', 'Subgingival plaque samples']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['P. intermedia', 'Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['Tannerella forsythensis', 'Bacteroides forsythus', 'T. forsythensis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['Atheromatous plaques', 'atheromatous plaques', 'atheroma']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity1856 :: (MESH:D058226,Disease) :: ['atheromatous plaques']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cytoreductive surgery with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is another approach for recurrent @entity43 . The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility and the effect of cytoreduction and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in recurrent @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 underwent cytoreductive surgery. Clinical variables were correlated to morbidity, hospital mortality, recurrences, and survival. RESULTS: Complete cytoreduction was possible in 58.6%. Extensive seeding of the small bowel and distant @entity3 excluded the possibility of performing complete cytoreduction. Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy was given in 75.9%. Morbidity and hospital mortality rates were subsequently 24.1% and 3.4%. Recurrence was recorded in 48.3%. The extent of peritoneal dissemination was an independent variable of recurrence (P= 0.014). The 5-year survival rate was 30%. The extent of peritoneal dissemination and the completeness of cytoreduction were related to survival (P <0.05). The completeness of cytoreduction independently influenced survival (P= 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Secondary cytoreduction with intraperitoneal chemotherapy is feasible in most @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Complete cytoreduction is not possible if distant and unresectable @entity3 are present or if the small bowel is extensively seeded. Long-term survivors are @entity1 with limited peritoneal dissemination who may undergo complete cytoreduction.

title: Cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Published randomized trials on different @entity2592 doses for the treatment of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) provide evidence of a dose-response effect. However, high-dose @entity2592 (HIDAC) regimens correlate with increased morbidity and @entity137 related mortality. Typical HIDAC regimens deliver 6 g/m2/d in infusion rates of 500-3000 mg/m2/h. However, pharmacokinetic measurements indicate that intracellular @entity11402 formation is saturated at lower infusion rates than used in HIDAC schedules, probably causing @entity2592 accumulation in the plasma and increased @entity137 . It was our objective to investigate in a prospective non-randomized phase I-II study feasibility and efficacy of intermediate doses of @entity2592 delivered at the presumptive saturating moderate infusion rate (mir-IDAC), as induction therapy in order to optimize intensified treatment for @entity3052 . Forty previously untreated @entity1 younger than 60 years of age with de novo @entity3052 received intermediate doses of @entity2592 (2-4 g/m2/d) at moderate infusion rates (250-667 mg/m2/h) over 6 or 8 h. @entity2592 was applied on alternate days (day 1, 3, 5, 7) in combination with an @entity4349 as induction and consolidation therapy. Thirty-two of the 40 @entity1 (80%, 95%CI:64-91%) achieved CR after induction treatment. Treatment-related mortality during induction chemotherapy was 2.5%. @entity137 was observed. After two to four mir-IDAC courses stem cell harvesting was successful in 71% of the @entity1 eligible for high-dose chemotherapy. After three years 56% (95%CI:40-72%) of all @entity1 are alive and 59% (95%CI:42-76%) of the @entity1 who entered CR are free of @entity1778 . In conclusion, favorable long-term outcomes and moderate acute @entity137 were observed in @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 treated with IDAC schedules delivered at moderate infusion rates (mir-IDAC) starting as induction treatment. The data suggest that a randomized trial should now be undertaken to examine whether mir-IDAC has clinical advantages over HIDAC.

title: Intermediate-dose XXXX treatment delivered at moderate infusion rates for de novo @entity3052 -results of a phase I-II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'No cerebellar toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytarabine', 'cytarabine']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytarabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited data exist regarding the indications and expected outcomes of internal fixation of unstable in situ @entity1843 ( @entity1843 ) lesions of the capitellum. The objective of this investigation was to characterize healing rates, clinical results, and functional outcomes of internal fixation of unstable in situ @entity1843 in adolescents. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed of 26 elbows in 24 @entity1 who underwent internal fixation for unstable in situ @entity1843 . Mean age at surgery was 14.1 years; 7 @entity1 had open physes. Mean lesion width and thickness were 12.0 and 5.4 mm, respectively. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic variables of @entity1 who went on to healing versus revision procedures were compared with univariate analysis. Classification and regression tree analysis identified optimal threshold values associated with healing. Functional outcomes were assessed with the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, Timmerman, and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument scores. Mean clinical follow-up was 39 months (range, 12 to 96 mo). RESULTS: Twenty of 26 elbows healed. @entity1 who healed were younger (P=0.01) and had smaller sagittal plane lesion widths (P=0.03) than @entity1 who underwent revision. Classification and regression tree analysis identified 15.3 years and 13 mm as the threshold values distinguishing @entity1 who did and did not heal. Overall, mean arc of elbow motion improved from 109 degrees preoperatively to 127 degrees at last follow-up (P=0.001). Mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score improved from 68 to 92 (P<0.001). Of 18 questionnaire respondents, two thirds reported full return to their prior level of sports participation without elbow complaint; 9 had excellent final Timmerman scores, 5 good, and 4 fair. Mean Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument upper extremity and sports scores were 98 and 93, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Healing, return to sports, and good to excellent functional outcomes may be expected in the majority of @entity1 undergoing internal fixation of unstable in situ @entity1843 of the capitellum, particularly in younger @entity1 with lesions <13 mm in sagittal width. Higher levels of evidence must further differentiate the optimal surgical treatments of unstable @entity1843 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

title: Internal Fixation of Unstable In Situ XXXX Lesions of the Capitellum.

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'OCD lesions', 'osteochondritis dissecans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1843 :: (MESH:D010008,Disease) :: ['Osteochondritis Dissecans']


abstract: Our purpose was to determine the maximum tolerated dosage of rhIL-6 after high-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy and autologous BMT in @entity1 with @entity0 . Twenty @entity1 (median age 43.5 years) received either CY and thiotepa (n = 3) or CY, thiotepa and @entity3003 (n = 17) for 4 days. Unpurged autologous BM was reinfused 72 h later. Daily rhIL-6 therapy began the day of marrow infusion and continued until recovery of neutrophils (> or = 1.5 x 10(9)/l) and platelets (> or = 50 x 10(9)/l) or for a maximum of 28 days at a dosage of 0.3 microgram/kg/day (n = 7), 1 microgram/kg/day (n = 6) or 3 micrograms/kg/day (n = 7). Two of the initial 4 @entity1 given rhIL-6 at 0.3 mu/kg i.v. experienced grade 4 @entity3638 , so subsequent @entity1 received s.c. rhIL-6. Most @entity137 attributable to rhIL-6 were reversible or mild constitutional symptoms, but dose-limiting grade 4 @entity3638 also occurred in 3 of the 7 @entity1 receiving the 3 micrograms/kg dose. At the 0.3 and 1 microgram/kg/day doses, 8 of 13 @entity1 completed the study vs. only 2 of 7 at the 3 micrograms/kg/day dose. During rhIL-6 treatment, neutrophil recovery (> or = 500 x 10(6)/l) occurred in 12 @entity1 and platelet recovery (> or = 20 x 10(9)/l) occurred in 6 @entity1 , 5 of whom received the 0.3 or 1 microgram/kg/day s.c. dose. The maximal tolerated dose of rhIL-6 after autologous BMT appeared to be 1 microgram/kg/day s.c., a dose appreciably lower than the maximal tolerated dose after conventional cytotoxic therapy.

title: Phase I multicenter trial of interleukin 6 therapy after autologous bone marrow transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: @entity8185 ( @entity4601 ) exhibits antitumor activity against a wide spectrum of @entity5 cells. However, whether @entity4601 has anti- @entity5 effect on @entity1 @entity421 cells remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the anti- @entity5 activity of @entity4601 and the underlying mechanisms in @entity1 @entity421 cell lines with different @entity876 mutation statuses. Four @entity1 @entity421 cell lines were treated with different concentrations of @entity4601 . Then, cell proliferation was determined by the CCK-8 viability assay; apoptosis and cell cycle progression were evaluated by flow cytometry; protein expression was analyzed by western blot assay; and NF-kB activity was examined by luciferase assay. The results demonstrated that @entity4601 treatment could inhibit the proliferation of four @entity421 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. @entity876 wild-type @entity421 cells were more sensitive to @entity4601 . Moreover, the percentage of apoptotic cell and cell arrest in G   /M phase was increased upon @entity4601 treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, @entity4601 activated @entity522 , @entity8186 , and @entity8187 ; upregulated the expression of @entity589 , FAS, and @entity4910 ; downregulated the expression of @entity588 , @entity8188 , and @entity8189 ; and inhibited the activity of NF-  B. In conclusion, @entity4601 has significant anticancer effects against @entity1 @entity421 cells, which include induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The @entity876 gene may play a certain role in the @entity4601 -induced @entity1 @entity421 apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. @entity4601 is a novel anti- @entity421 drug candidate that merits further study.

title: Anti- @entity5 effects of @entity8185 on XXXX @entity421 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity46 and @entity249 are commonly associated. This study investigated the role of accelerated lipid peroxidation of spermatozoa by the peritoneal fluid of @entity1 with @entity46 as a cause for this association. It proposes that the increased @entity68 concentration present in the fluid of these @entity1 acts as a catalyst for the process. Peritoneal fluid from 25 @entity1 with @entity46 and 25 matched controls was obtained at laparoscopy. Spermatozoa were incubated in the fluid from both groups and the subsequent acrosome reaction rates analysed. The relationship between these results and @entity68 concentration in the fluid was examined. A significant decrease in the acrosome reaction rate was seen in the endometriotic group (P = 0.034). Overall, a decrease in the acrosome reaction rate was associated with an increased @entity68 concentration in the fluid (18 of the 25 pairs). In mild disease, (six of 11 pairs), the relationship was not as marked as that in severe disease (12 of 14 pairs). These results suggest that the peritoneal fluid in @entity1 with @entity46 has a detrimental action on the acrosome reaction of spermatozoa in vitro.

title: @entity46 and XXXX : raised @entity68 concentration in the peritoneal fluid and its effect on the acrosome reaction.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['Endometriosis', 'endometriosis']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: The effects of PGI2 and @entity1421 , given in the same doses were compared as to renal hemodynamics and functions and @entity1122 release. The same experimental conditions were used for both compounds and experiments were carried out in pentobarbital anesthetized @entity235 . Adrenergic influences were excluded by renal denervation. Given intrarenally at doses at 0.1 microgram/min and 1 microgram/min, @entity1421 caused significant increase in RBF, UF and UNaV, but had no effect on BP and GFR. Intrarenal infusion of PGI2 at a rate of 1 microgram/min resulted in a significant increase of RBF and in a marked fall of BP, but only little change in GFR, UF and UNaV. With a dose of 0.1 microgram/min, the parameters remained the same. Intravenous infusion of PGI2 (1 microgram/min) caused a significant fall in BP with no change in the other parameters. Both PGI2 and @entity1421 had a similar effect on intrarenal hemodynamics, i.e., caused a progressively greater proportional vasodilation from superficial to deep cortex. Given intrarenally in a dose of 1 microgram/min, PGI2 and @entity1421 increased @entity1122 release. But with a dose of 0.1 microgram/min and 1 microgram/min, i.v., @entity1122 secretion was not influenced. The effect of PGI2 on systemic blood pressure was more potent than that of @entity1421 , however, with regard to renal vasodilating action and tubular effects, @entity1421 was the more potent. Present data indicate that PGI2 and @entity1421 stimulate @entity1122 secretion through a direct action on the juxtaglomerular cells.

title: Effects of prostaglandin I2 and E2 on renal hemodynamics and function and XXXX release.

answer: @entity1122 :: (403838(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: We report on 25 @entity1 who developed @entity263 following suprapubic prostatectomy for @entity1373 . The average age at the time of surgery was 67.3 years. An average of 8.3 years (1-23 years) elapsed before detection of @entity189 . 12 of 25 @entity1 were operated on at the Department of Urology, University of Vienna, between 1962 and 1986. At the same time, 972 @entity1 underwent suprapubic prostatectomy. In our @entity1 the incidence of @entity263 following suprapubic prostatectomy amounts thus to at least 1.2% (12 of 972). In Austria, the incidence of @entity263 in the comparable age group (70-79 years) is 0.34% per annum. This means that in an average observation period of 6.4 years (i.e. the average time before detection of @entity189 in 12 of 972 @entity1 ), almost 2.2% of the male population in Austria are affected by @entity263 . Probably, part of the @entity1 who underwent prostatectomy at our department turned to other departments of urology as soon as the complaints reappeared. Hence we may conclude that the incidence of @entity263 following prostatectomy is almost identical with the incidence of @entity189 in a non-operated group. To determine the incidence of @entity263 following suprapubic prostatectomy, 276 @entity1 were called in again. Of these, 98 underwent follow-up examinations; no @entity263 was detected. Since the biologic activity of the @entity189 after open prostatectomy is similar to that of nonoperated @entity189 , urologic follow-up examinations must be carried out regularly both in @entity1 who underwent adenomectomy and in those who were not operated.

title: @entity263 following suprapubic prostatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['benign hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['benign hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity296 ( @entity296 ) is a @entity154 of coronary arteries and its functional significance remains controversial. Using the TIMI frame count (TFC) method, the authors investigated whether the coronary blood flow velocity is decreased in @entity296 . The study included 18 @entity1 (group 1; 12 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ; mean age 50 +/-6 years) who had angiographically proven @entity296 and otherwise normal coronary arteries and 20 subjects (group 2; 13 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ; mean age 50 +/-7 years) with normal-appearing coronary arteriograms. TFC of each group was determined and correlation between TFC and various factors including percent systolic narrowing, age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, and echocardiographic parameters (ejection fraction, left-right ventricle wall thickness, and diameters) was investigated. Baseline characteristics were similar in the groups. All of the @entity296 was localized to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Corrected TFC(LAD) frame count (CTFC) was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (24.7 +/-2.1 vs 22.1 +/-1.9 frames/s, p = 0.001). Circumflex and right coronary artery frames counts were similar in the groups (22.4 +/-2.4 vs 21.3 +/-2.3 frames/s, p = 0.18, 23.1 +/-2.2 vs 23.4 +/-2.1 frames/s, p = 0.7) On correlation analysis, there was no correlation between TFC and the factors investigated. CTFC of @entity1 with @entity296 was higher than of those with normal coronary arteries, irrespective of the degree of systolic narrowing. This may suggest that coronary blood flow is decreased in @entity1 with @entity296 compared to @entity1 having normal coronary arteries.

title: Assessing coronary blood flow with TIMI frame count method in isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial bridging', 'MB']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial bridging']


abstract: We characterized the @entity66 encountered in a series of 45 nonnephrotic uremic @entity1 with various degrees of @entity740 . A mild @entity2298 associated with decreased serum high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels was confirmed. The correlation between high-density lipoprotein @entity165 and @entity1011 clearance showed a power behavior with a marked decrease in high-density lipoprotein @entity165 below a @entity1011 clearance value of 40 ml/min/1.73 m2. A number of uremic @entity1 accumulate an abnormal population of very low-density lipoprotein particles in their plasma. On agarose gel electrophoresis these particles migrate as a slow moving pre-beta band and are clearly distinguished from the regular fast moving pre-beta very low-density lipoprotein band. This electrophoretic phenomenon has been called double pre-beta @entity6340 . The prevalence of double pre-beta @entity6340 increased significantly with the degree of @entity8 , reaching highest figures in @entity1 on hemodialysis. Accordingly, the very low-density lipoprotein @entity165 / @entity412 ratio also was significantly increased. The double pre-beta @entity6340 phenomenon was not detected in any of the control, nonuremic subjects. The clinical importance of double pre-beta @entity6340 in uremic plasma is related to its possible atherogenic role.

title: Further definition of @entity66 in XXXX with various degrees of @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lipid-lipoprotein abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['lipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study analyzed the risk factors for technique survival in dialysis @entity1 and compared technique survival rates between hemodialysis (HD) and @entity298 ( @entity298 ) in a prospective cohort of Korean @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 1,042 @entity1 undergoing dialysis from September 2008 to June 2011 were analyzed. The dialysis modality was defined as that used 90 days after commencing dialysis. Technique survival was compared between the two dialysis modalities, and the predictive risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: The dialysis modality was an independent risk factor predictive of technique survival. @entity298 had a higher risk for technique failure than HD (hazard ratio [HR], 10.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 62.0; p = 0.008) during a median follow-up of 11.0 months. In the @entity298 group, a high body mass index (BMI) was an independent risk factor for technique failure (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.8; p = 0.036). @entity298 was the most common cause of @entity298 technique failure. The difference in technique survival between @entity298 and HD was more prominent in @entity6 @entity1 with a good nutritional status and in non- @entity6 @entity1 with a poor nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: In a prospective cohort of Korean @entity1 with @entity454 , @entity298 was associated with a higher risk of technique failure than HD. @entity6 @entity1 with a good nutritional status and non- @entity6 @entity1 with a poor nutritional status, as well as @entity1 with a higher BMI, had an inferior technique survival rate with @entity298 compared to HD.

title: Impact of dialysis modality on technique survival in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'Peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 survivors face many challenges, and @entity5 support groups provide a range of support. Several reports have shown the benefits of support groups. However, it is not clear how Japanese @entity5 survivors use them. This study aimed to examine @entity5 survivors' awareness of and reasons for participation or non-participation in @entity5 support groups. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey with ambulatory @entity1 with @entity5 across eight designated @entity5 hospitals. The questionnaire covered @entity1 ' demographics, disease characteristics, participation/non-participation in @entity5 support groups, and reasons for participation/non-participation. In total, 569 questionnaires were distributed, and responses were received from 275 @entity1 with @entity5 . Of these, 135 @entity1 were aware of support groups and 23 had participated in a group. @entity1 who were aware of support groups were more likely to be young, female @entity1 . Many @entity1 learned about support groups from hospital notices. Most support group @entity1 expected to receive information about the disease and treatment (91%). They also wanted to hear about other @entity1 ' experiences (73%). The most common reasons for non-participation were "no particular reason" (38%) and "family or friends support me" (27%). About half of participating @entity1 were unaware of support groups. Even among @entity1 who were aware, many did not attend a support group. Developing a better understanding of support group use in @entity5 survivors may enhance provision of adequate care based on individual needs.

title: Japanese XXXX Survivors' Awareness of and Participation in Support Groups.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different studies have presented conflicting results concerning the effect of menopause on lipid levels. AIMS: To describe the serum lipid profile and the prevalence of @entity407 in @entity1 aged 50-60 and the perceived relation to endogenous and exogenous hormones and age. METHODS: Out of a total population of 10,766 @entity1 aged 50-59 years, 6908 (64%) participated in a health assessment program, including a lipid profile evaluation. The @entity1 were grouped according to hormonal status into pre-menopausal (PM), post-menopausal without hormone replacement therapy (PM0) (HRT) and post-menopausal with hormone replacement therapy (PMT). Age groups used were 50-54, 55-59 and >60 years. RESULTS: Serum @entity165 and @entity1674 increased significantly by age in PM0 (P < 0.0001) and @entity1674 also in PMT (P < 0.0001). Serum high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL) levels decreased significantly by age in PMT (P = 0.002) and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL) increased in PM0 (P < 0.0001) and PMT (P = 0.007). The co-prevalence of levels of @entity165 >7 and @entity1674 >2 mmol/l decreased by age in PM, but increased by age in PM0 and PMT. The prevalence of high-risk lipid levels and the prevalence of coexisting additional two metabolic risk factors were higher in the PM0 compared to the PMT group. The prevalence of serum @entity1674 >1.5 and serum @entity165 >5 mmol/l were increasing by age in each of the hormonal groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that loss of endogenous sex @entity230 contribute substantially to an increased atherogenic lipid profile. @entity9646 replacement therapy may partly reverse these differences.

title: Serum lipids and lipoproteins in relation to endogenous and exogenous female sex @entity230 and age. The XXXX 's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Current evidence supports a contribution of @entity6398 to the prevention of @entity65 , but their mechanisms of action are not understood. We investigated the impact of red wine @entity6398 on postprandial cytotoxic lipid peroxidation products ( @entity1865 ) levels in @entity1 . In a randomized, crossover study, the effect of red wine @entity6398 on postprandial levels of plasma and urine @entity1865 was investigated. Three meals of 250 g @entity233 cutlets supplemented by water (A); soaked in red wine after heating plus 200 ml of red wine (B); or soaked in red wine prior to heating plus 200 ml of red wine (C) were administered to 10 healthy volunteers. Subject baseline plasma levels of @entity1865 were 50 +/- 20 nM. After a meal of @entity233 meat cutlets, plasma @entity1865 levels increased by 160 nM (P<0.0001); after (B) there was a 75% reduction in the absorption of @entity1865 (P<0.0001). However, after (C), the elevation of plasma @entity1865 was completely prevented (P<0.0001). Similar results were obtained for @entity1865 accumulation in urine. Our study suggests that red wine @entity6398 exert a beneficial effect by the novel new function, absorption inhibition of the lipotoxin @entity1865 . These findings explain the potentially harmful effects of oxidized fats found in foods and the important benefit of dietary @entity6398 in the meal.

title: A novel function of red wine XXXX in @entity1 : prevention of absorption of cytotoxic lipid peroxidation products.

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6398 :: (MESH:D059808,Chemical) :: ['polyphenols']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Support of @entity227 in terms of preventive and curative treatment, is a priority for public health in Central African Republic. The lack of recent and reliable data on ocular pathologies in general including @entity11738 particularly, has led health authorities, in collaboration with partners to undertake an epidemiological investigation to determine the mapping. This study was designed to assess the importance of endemicity in the most sensitive groups within population, including @entity1 of 1 to 9 years old. Eight from sixteen health districts in the country, were selected for this survey as a first step. The data collected will assess the real needs in medical and surgical care to develop an appropriate strategic plan of support for this condition on a large scale. This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey carried out in one month, from November 23 to December 26, 2011 in eight health prefectures of the country. The sampling frame was the population of eight health districts. The exhaustive list of villages and demographic data from the national census conducted in December 2003, adjusted by the rate of annual increase of 2.5%has been used. The administrative headquarters of the places of the visited districts leaders were excluded from the sampling frame. A random survey in clusters at two levels made from formed bases. Twenty villages (clusters) in each health district have been drawn according to the proportional probability to the size of the totals cumulative. 12,800 @entity1 of both sexes, aged 1 to 9 years have been identified in this investigation and 11,287 were actually examined, or 88.2 %, sex ratio is significantly 1.11. The proportion by age group of the @entity1 sampled is stackable to the general population. 26.9 % of TF and 5.9 % TI have been diagnosed. Six from eight districts surveyed are endemic. Three of them had respectively rates of 32.3 %, 47.1 % and 54.3 %.

title: [Blinding XXXX : results of a prevalence survey in 8 health districts in CAR].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disabilities']

answer: @entity11738 :: (MESH:D014141,Disease) :: ['trachoma']


abstract: The effects of putative water channel blockers were tested on @entity16485 -expressing @entity1238 oocytes by a fast optical method with a time resolution of 1 s and a volume resolution of 20 pl. The oocytes were exposed to external hyposmolarity and the osmotic water permeability (Lp) derived from the initial 10 s of volume change. For longer durations, the effective osmotic gradient across the membrane was reduced significantly because of dilution of the intracellular contents and of ion transport across the membrane. The latter was monitored by voltage clamp of the oocytes. In contrast to previous reports based on slower and less sensitive assays, we found no effects of @entity5128 ions ( @entity1041 +) and @entity3791 on Lp. We have no single explanation for this, but several factors are considered: (a) If the osmotic gradient is assumed to be constant for periods longer than 10 s, the Lp will be underestimated. (b) Hyposmotic gradients implemented by dilution with water will entail changes in the ionic strength as well; this may enhance loss of salt from the oocyte. (c) By voltage clamping the @entity16485 -expressing oocytes during hyposmotic challenges, we found that @entity1041 +-treated oocytes were more electrically leaky than untreated ones. This may obscure comparisons between the Lp of treated and untreated oocytes. (d) The nature of the ion transport mechanisms in the plasma membrane depends on how oocytes have been prepared for experiments and on their viability as indicated by the membrane potential. These parameters may vary between laboratories.

title: Test of blockers of @entity16485 water permeability by a high-resolution method: no effects of XXXX ions or @entity3791 .

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

answer: @entity5128 :: (MESH:D019789,Chemical) :: ['tetraethylammonium']


abstract: Morphological, contractile, and histochemical properties of @entity35 soleus muscle were studied after 2 or 4 weeks of complete elimination of neuromuscular activity. Inactivity was induced by chronic perfusion of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) to the sciatic nerve. Significant reductions in muscle mass and fiber size were found after 2 or 4 weeks of disuse. Correspondingly, the percentage of dark-staining alkaline myosin ATPase fibers was increased from about 20% to 40% after 4 weeks of treatment. The capacity of soleus to generate tension when stimulated through the nerve was significantly impaired at frequencies greater than 20 Hz. Nevertheless, when the curarized muscle was stimulated directly, tension developed at frequencies above 20 Hz relative to peak tension was similar to control values. Absolute tetanic tension was significantly reduced after 2 or 4 weeks of treatment. These reductions could be only partly explained by @entity2057 , resulting in specific tensions or approximately 55% of control after 2 or 4 weeks of treatment. Measures of the time course of the isometric twitch were found not to be reliable indicators of the contractile speed in @entity4524 -treated soleus. Significant increases in the rate of tetanic tension development, expressed relative to peak tension, and the velocity of unloaded shortening, were seen after 4 weeks of disuse. These results reveal the extent to which virtually complete neuromuscular inactivity leads to chronic deficits in neuromuscular transmission and changes in both the net amount and quality of contractile proteins of @entity35 soleus muscle.

title: Effects of elimination of activity on contractile and histochemical properties of XXXX soleus muscle.

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is the most common and lethal primary @entity1 @entity1313 . GBMs are characterized by a variety of genetic alterations, among which oncogenic mutations of @entity470 (EGFRvIII) is most common. GBMs harboring EGFRvIII have increased proliferation and invasive characteristics versus those expressing wild-type (wt) @entity470 . To identify the molecular basis of this increased tumorgenic phenotype, we used iTRAQ-labeling differential proteomic analysis. Among several differentially expressed proteins, we selected @entity24893 , a protein implicated in cellular invasion that was markedly decreased in GBMs expressing EGFRvIII, for further study. The differential expression of @entity24893 was confirmed in a panel of @entity1 @entity463 cell lines and operative specimens that express wtEGFR or mutant EGFRvIII by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. In @entity1 @entity463 samples, decreased expression of @entity24893 correlated with EGFRvIII positivity. Knockdown of @entity24893 by siRNA resulted in increased invasion of wtEGFR expressing @entity1 @entity463 cells (U87 and U373) to those found in isogenic @entity463 cells. Exogenous expression of EGFRvIII in these wtEGFR-expressing @entity463 cells promoted their ability to invade and was accompanied by decreased expression of @entity24893 . Rescuing @entity24893 expression decreased invasion of the EGFRvIII-expressing @entity463 cells by tilting the balance between Rac and Rho. Collectively, these results show that the loss of @entity24893 contribute to the increased invasive phenotype of @entity1 GBMs expressing mutant EGFRvIII.

title: Loss of @entity24893 , as detected by iTRAQ analysis, promotes invasion of XXXX gliomas expressing mutant EGFRvIII.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subjects who carry the D allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) gene have higher plasma and tissue @entity2178 levels, possibly concurrent with the development of @entity28 . In transplant recipients, treatment with calcineurin antagonists would magnify these effects. The present study verifies whether the allelic variants of @entity1289 are a factor involved in excess @entity1017 after liver transplantation. METHODS: A consecutive series of 108 liver transplant recipients (73 males) were studied. Recipient @entity1289 genotypes, determined by a polymerase chain reaction-based method, were related to body mass changes 1 year after transplant. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) increased from the pretransplant value of 25.1+/-3.3 kg/m2 to 25.9+/-3.5 kg/m2 (P<0.005). The difference was mainly attributable to recipients carrying 1 D allele or more (N=88) in whom the BMI increased from 25.3+/-3.1 kg/m2 to 26.3+/-3.3 kg/m2 (P<0.005). A BMI of 25 kg/m or greater was measured in 30 of 45 deletion/deletion homozygotes and 25 of 43 insertion/deletion heterozygotes; in contrast, 14 of 20 insertion/insertion homozygotes had a normal body mass (P<0.01). Among @entity1 with normal body mass pretransplant (N=56), none of 13 insertion/insertion homozygotes reached a BMI value 25 kg/m or greater posttransplant (P<0.005). At multivariate analysis, pretransplant body mass and carriage of 1 D allele or more were independent predictors of body mass gain greater than 2 kg/m. CONCLUSIONS: Carriage of the D allele of the @entity1289 gene is a strong, independent risk factor for excess @entity1017 after liver transplantation.

title: XXXX after liver transplantation and the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['Weight gain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Octreotide has shown to be effective against rebleeding from @entity344 , but a long-term daily parenteral administration is recommended. Long-acting octreotide (LAR-OCT) could overcome such a limitation, but it has not been studied extensively. AIM: To investigate the usefulness of long-acting octreotide in the control of chronic @entity548 from @entity344 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with chronic @entity360 because of @entity2817 were enrolled. Diagnosis was made by endoscopy and wireless video capsule. Long-acting octreotide was administered intramuscularly at a dosage of 10 mg/monthly for 1 year. @entity1 were followed up for a minimum period of 1 year, and haemoglobin levels, blood transfusions, @entity68 supplementation and hospitalizations were recorded 1 year before and after starting long-acting octreotide therapy. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 12 to 60 months. Nine of 13 @entity1 (69%) did not need blood transfusions and @entity68 supplementation any longer; a partial improvement was observed in one @entity1 ; no effect was found in the others. No side effect was recorded in any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-acting octreotide for 1 year may be beneficial as a rescue therapy for controlling chronic @entity548 from @entity344 in @entity1 not eligible for surgery. Its monthly administration represents an advantage, which makes such a formulation the choice when a long-term treatment is mandatory.

title: Long-acting octreotide as rescue therapy in chronic XXXX from @entity344 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal angiodysplasias']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasias']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum @entity175 (CT) is a well-accepted marker of C-cell proliferation, particularly in @entity259 . Chronic @entity5445 ( @entity8142 agonist administration in rodents has been associated with increased serum CT levels and C-cell @entity5 formation. There are no longitudinal studies measuring CT in @entity1 without @entity259 or a family history of @entity259 and no published studies on the effect of @entity8142 agonists on human serum CT concentrations. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine serum CT response over time to the @entity8142 agonist liraglutide in subjects with @entity6 or @entity28 subjects. METHODS: Unstimulated serum CT concentrations were measured at 3-month intervals for no more than 2 yr in a series of trials in over 5000 subjects receiving liraglutide or control therapy. RESULTS: Basal mean CT concentrations were at the low end of normal range in all treatment groups and remained low throughout the trials. At 2 yr, estimated geometric mean values were no greater than 1.0 ng/liter, well below upper normal ranges for males and females. Proportions of subjects whose CT levels increased above a clinically relevant cutoff of 20 ng/liter were very low in all groups. There was no consistent dose or time-dependent relationship and no consistent difference between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support an effect of @entity8142 activation on serum CT levels in @entity1 and suggest that findings previously reported in rodents may not apply to @entity1 . However, the long-term consequences of @entity8142 agonist treatment are a subject of further studies.

title: @entity5445 and @entity175 concentration in @entity1 : lack of evidence of @entity175 release from sequential screening in over 5000 subjects with type 2 @entity6 or @entity28 subjects treated with the XXXX @entity5445 analog, liraglutide.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic obese']

entities_list: @entity8142 :: ('2740', 'Gene') :: ['GLP-1 receptor', 'GLP-1) receptor']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To survey physicians to determine whether potency and consistency issues with @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) have been resolved and to assess current experience regarding safety of substituting @entity2016 products. METHODS: Members of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American Thyroid Association, and The Endocrine Society collaborated to create a survey instrument that would effectively sample the clinical experience of their society members and frequent prescribers of @entity2016 . More than 18,000 e-mailed requests for information were generated, and the Web sites of each society provided links to the data collection form. The survey provided an opportunity to collect clinical observations of adverse events or product availability problems from physicians caring for @entity1 with @entity1374 who required use of contemporary @entity2016 preparations. RESULTS: After adjustment for known reasons for unstable results from thyroid function tests, 199 reports of adverse events associated with changes in thyrotropin values were further analyzed. One hundred seventy-seven reports (88.9%) were associated with a change in the source of @entity2016 ; no change was noted in 21 (10.6%). Details regarding the circumstances of the change were provided in 167 of the 177 reports (94.4%), The reporting physicians themselves or their office staff had changed the @entity2016 preparation in only 1 of the 167 cases (0.6%). The remainder of changes had been made by the @entity1 's pharmacy, either with the physician's knowledge (in 13 of 167 cases [7.8%]) or without his/her knowledge (in 153 of 167 cases [91.6%]). Fifty-four of 199 cases (27.1%) described serious adverse events; 52 of these (96.3%) were associated with a substitution of one @entity2016 preparation for another. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical use of contemporary @entity2016 products continues to be associated with some adverse outcomes. A small number of reports were associated with continued use of the same @entity2016 products. The most frequently reported adverse outcomes were associated with the approved generic substitution of @entity2016 products, frequently without the prescribing physician's knowledge.

title: Adverse event reporting in @entity1 treated with XXXX : results of the pharmacovigilance task force survey of the american thyroid association, american association of clinical endocrinologists, and the endocrine society.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine sodium']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['levothyroxine']


abstract: Detailed standardized annual reports are analysed for 17 rural hospitals in four African countries, with admission figures of 1.2 million @entity1 (excluding deliveries) and more than 67,000 @entity204 over a period of 16 years. The countries involved are Zambia, Tanzania, Kenya and Ghana. Figures on admission, causes of @entity204 and clinical case fatality rates are presented per country and @entity13076 -year calendar period for the most important @entity166 . The number of admissions increased substantially in 3 of the 4 countries (50-77%) between 1976 and 1990, but admission rates ( @entity307 ,000 population per year) by much less (6-25%), indicating that a large part of the increase in the volume of services was due to population growth. The number of @entity166 admissions in Ghana, however, decreased by 12% and even more in terms of admission rates (by 42%). About 75% of all admissions in @entity1 below 15 years of age were due to @entity281 ; for adults this figure was 31%. @entity311 is the single most important @entity166 both in terms of admissions and as a cause of @entity204 ; it has increased substantially in three of the four countries. @entity2348 , in particular @entity55 , @entity1902 , @entity693 and @entity378 , are also important diseases in terms of admissions and @entity204 . On the whole they have remained at more or less the same level in 1975-1990 in terms of both admissions and @entity204 . Immunizable diseases and measles, once important as causes of admissions and @entity204 , have declined in all countries. Case fatality rates vary substantially by type of disease. They are very high for @entity116 (36.7-68.8%) and @entity693 (14.7-43%), and low for @entity311 (0.6-4.6%). However, they vary considerably in the four countries included in the study and are usually lower in @entity1 than in adults. A need for detailed studies with good "standardized" hospital records is emphasized. Representative data are needed from all hospitals in a given catchment area, with defined diagnoses for diseases and details regarding age and sex. This kind of information is highly desirable for planning and operation of curative and preventive medical care in developing countries.

title: Analysis of hospital records in four African countries, 1975-1990, with emphasis on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections and infection related diseases']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'infectious disease']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: (1) In order to provide an efficient and reliable service for drugs of abuse screening in urine, the laboratory should analyse 20-30 samples per week, and the staff should include a scientist with special expertise in the subject. (2) Turnaround times should be between 2-3 days of sample collection. To achieve this aim it may be necessary to make special arrangements for the delivery of samples to the laboratory. Results should preferably be transmitted by electronic mail or facsimile with the necessary precautions for security and confidentiality: hardcopy reports may also be required. (3) Good communications between the requesting clinician and the laboratory are essential. An advisory service should be provided by the laboratory and clinicians should be encouraged to discuss requests and results with laboratory staff. It is important that the laboratory inform doctors of the range of substances detected and the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory assays. (4) Assays should be performed according to the manufacturer's protocols, or by modified methods that have been rigorously validated. Quality control samples should be included in each analytical run and participation in an external quality assessment scheme, e.g. UKNEQAS, is essential to provide independent confirmation and confidence that results compare with those from other laboratories. Other requirements include adequate training and supervision of staff, and careful recording of samples and results. (5) Drugs to be tested will depend on the drug 'scene' in the area but should include those drugs regularly prescribed for maintenance therapy (e.g. @entity284 , @entity10426 , @entity1245 ), and drugs frequently misused (e.g. @entity4521 , @entity4783 , @entity889 , @entity2072 ). (6) Positive results obtained by preliminary screening methods e.g. EMIT, should be confirmed by another analytical technique, e.g. TLC, GC or GC-MS. If there are potentially serious or legal implications, and in employment and preemployment testing, confirmation of positive results is mandatory. In some cases, e.g. checking for @entity284 or @entity1245 compliance, it may be considered unnecessary to confirm positive results although possible spiking of samples cannot be excluded without checking for the presence of metabolites by a chromatographic procedure.

title: Screening for drugs of abuse. I: Opiates, @entity889 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity10426 :: ('MESH:C014481', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrocodeine']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: 1. @entity356 were surgically fitted to four @entity1707 , initially of 30 kg live weight, to examine the effects of guar gum on gastric emptying. 2. Four semi-purified high-fat diets based on starch, casein, soya-bean oil and tallow were given to each @entity1707 . They contained 0 (control), 20, 40 or 60 g powdered guar gum/kg diet. The meals as fed contained 257 g @entity62 ( @entity62 )/kg. 3. The contents of the stomach were evacuated, with rinsing, before feeding or 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 h after feeding. 4. The mean pH of the digesta was unaffected by guar gum until 4 h after feeding when the value increased as the amount of guar gum in the diet rose. 5. The only significant effects of guar gum on the emptying of digesta and its components (compared with the control diet) were to reduce the rate of emptying of (a) digesta 1 h after feeding (60 g/kg diet) and 4 h after feeding (40 and 60 g/kg diets), (b) @entity62 and @entity413 1 h after feeding (60 g/kg diet), (c) @entity1568 1 h after feeding (60 g/kg diet) and 4 h after feeding (40 and 60 g/kg diets). 6. When expressed on a half-time (T50) basis, the emptying of digesta and N (but not of @entity62 and @entity413 ) were significantly slower for diets containing 40 and 60 g guar gum/kg than for the control diet. 7. The apparent viscosity of the gastric digesta ranged between 0.5 and 23.7% of the values for the diets as consumed. 8. It was concluded that the effects of guar gum on gastric emptying of high-solid meals were small, and that this was unlikely to be an important aspect of the mechanism by which guar gum reduces postprandial blood @entity413 concentrations.

title: Effect of guar gum on gastric emptying in growing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Simple gastric cannulas']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) secretion from the pituitary gland is partly regulated by @entity11523 ( @entity11523 )-containing neurons located in the hypothalamic @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ). @entity11523 -containing neurons express the GH secretagogue (GHS) receptor ( @entity23854 ) and the @entity1943 (SRIF) receptor. Recently, an endogenous ligand for the @entity23854 named @entity9315 was found. Therefore, it seems that both @entity9315 and SRIF are involved in the hypothalamic regulation of @entity11249 release via @entity11523 -containing neurons in the @entity1019 . In extracellular single unit recordings from in vitro hypothalamic slice preparations from @entity35 , application of 100 nM @entity9315 substantially excited @entity1019 neurons (82.5%), whereas 1 microM SRIF substantially inhibited them (81.8%). The @entity9315 -induced excitatory and SRIF-induced inhibitory effects on @entity1019 neurons were dose-dependent and persisted during synaptic blockade using low- @entity141 /high- @entity1025 solution. In addition, the effects were antagonized by [D-Lys(3)]-GHRP-6, a @entity23854 antagonist, and @entity23855 , a SRIF receptor subtype sst2 antagonist, respectively. When @entity9315 and SRIF were sequentially applied to @entity1019 neurons, 95.2% were excited by @entity9315 and inhibited by SRIF. Similarly, 85.0% of @entity1019 neuroendocrine cells that project to the median eminence were excited by @entity9315 and inhibited by SRIF. These results indicate that @entity1019 neuroendocrine cells projecting to the median eminence are dose-dependently, postsynaptically and oppositely regulated by @entity9315 through @entity23854 and SRIF via the SRIF sst2 receptor subtype. Our results also suggest that most of these @entity1019 neuroendocrine cells are presumably @entity11523 -containing neurons and are involved in the cellular processes through which @entity9315 and SRIF participate in the hypothalamic regulation of @entity11249 release.

title: Electrophysiological effect of XXXX and @entity1943 on @entity35 hypothalamic arcuate neurons in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['ARC', 'arcuate nucleus']

answer: @entity9315 :: (59301(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['ghrelin']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 , ASA I-III, presenting for elective colonic surgery were studied to assess the stability of blood pressure and heart rate during anaesthesia with three equally potent anaesthetic techniques. @entity1 in group I (n = 20) received @entity4490 induction, @entity5161 and @entity3810 ; @entity1 in group II (n = 20) received total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity1875 ; and @entity1 in group III (n = 20) received intravenous @entity1875 supplemented with @entity3810 . @entity3575 and @entity3369 were used in all three groups. The depth of anaesthesia was judged on clinical signs of adequate anaesthesia. Episodes of @entity1168 (heart rate < 50 beats @entity1009 ), @entity591 (heart rate > 90 beats @entity1009 ), @entity551 (mean arterial pressure > or = 30% below pre-operative blood pressure) or @entity101 (mean arterial pressure > 30%, or systolic blood pressure > 15 mmHg, above pre-operative value) were recorded when lasting > 5 min. Any use of @entity6358 or @entity10445 given to correct @entity551 or @entity1168 was documented: In group II, significantly more @entity1 were given @entity6358 (P < 0.01) to treat @entity551 . The drug was administered after intubation but before skin incision in the majority of cases (9/11). @entity10445 was given to significantly more @entity1 in group III (P < 0.025) to treat @entity1168 , and in 21 of a total of 34 @entity1 given @entity10445 it was administered before surgery. With the use of these additional drugs, there were no differences in the number of @entity1 with 5 min episodes of @entity551 , @entity101 , @entity591 or @entity1168 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of @entity1875 and @entity5161 anaesthesia: the need for XXXX and @entity10445 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate', 'Glycopyrrolate']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['Fentanyl']

answer: @entity6358 :: (MESH:D004809,Chemical) :: ['ephedrine']