abstract: The therapeutic alternatives available for use against @entity2177 -resistant enteric @entity221 isolates in an endemic area are limited. The antibiotics currently available are the @entity5176 , third-generation @entity2886 and conventional first-line drugs. In this study, the MICs of various newer drugs were determined for 31 @entity2177 -resistant enteric @entity221 isolates (26 @entity1680 and 5 @entity11621 serovar Paratyphi A). MICs for @entity2177 , @entity800 , @entity7046 , @entity800 , @entity3524 , @entity6727 , @entity6944 and @entity4580 were determined using Etest strips and the agar dilution method. By Etest, all of the @entity2177 -resistant isolates had @entity2177 MICs >/=32 mug ml(-1). @entity1680 showed MIC(90) values of 0.50, 0.25 and 0.38 mug ml(-1) for @entity6727 , @entity3524 and @entity6944 , respectively. For the @entity2886 , a negligible difference in MIC(90) and MIC(50) values for @entity1680 and @entity10583 was observed. A single isolate of @entity1680 showed a high @entity4580 MIC of 64 mug ml(-1). The MIC(90) value for @entity4580 in @entity1680 and @entity10583 was 24 mug ml(-1). @entity7046 demonstrated lower resistance (80.8 %) compared with the other @entity5176 (92-100 %) in @entity1680 . The rise in MIC levels of these antimicrobials is a matter for serious concern.

title: In vitro activity of @entity4580 , newer @entity5176 and XXXX in @entity2177 -resistant @entity11621 causing enteric @entity221 .

entities_list: @entity7046 :: ('MESH:C078049', 'Chemical') :: ['gatifloxacin', 'Gatifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity10583 :: ('54388', 'Species') :: ['S. Paratyphi A', 'S. Paratyphi']

entities_list: @entity1680 :: ('90370', 'Species') :: ['S. Typhi', 'Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin', 'ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['cefixime']

answer: @entity2886 :: (MESH:D002511,Chemical) :: ['cephalosporins']


abstract: Transfer of @entity8236 RBhi @entity1961 + na  ve T cells into @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 induces @entity1960 and @entity272 . Recipients treated with @entity205 (CsA), @entity17796 -Ig, or vehicle were evaluated for @entity353 , @entity272 , and cutaneous blood flow. Necropsy, histological, hematological and cytokine analyses were performed at the conclusion of the experiment to confirm the clinical findings. Vehicle-treated @entity19 lost weight and had 100% incidence of @entity272 by 46-days. CsA-treated @entity19 also lost weight, but only 3/8 @entity19 developed mild, clinically evident @entity272 . In contrast, all @entity17796 -Ig-treated @entity19 gained weight and did not develop @entity272 . Increase in cutaneous blood flow correlated with the development of @entity272 . Granulocyte numbers, which were high or moderately high in the vehicle- or CsA-treated @entity19 , respectively, remained as low in the @entity17796 -Ig-treated group as in untreated @entity19 . @entity60 , @entity635 , and @entity637 levels in the gut and skin correlated with the extent of @entity32 in both organs. Histology revealed that @entity17796 -Ig but not @entity870 effectively prevented both @entity792 . The ability of @entity17796 -Ig to prevent both @entity1960 and @entity272 suggests that @entity10867 -dependent co-stimulation of T cells is critical for generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induction of clinical disease in such @entity792 .

title: Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine generation by @entity17796 -Ig in the skin and colon of @entity19 adoptively transplanted with @entity8236 RBhi @entity1961 + T cells correlates with suppression of psoriasis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: @entity209 is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality for overt @entity453 ( @entity453 ). In @entity6 @entity1 , @entity453 is often silent. The relation between @entity209 and silent @entity453 has never been studied. We investigated whether @entity209 is associated with silent @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity6 . We evaluated the prevalence of @entity209 in 169 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity6 and angiographically verified silent @entity453 and in 158 @entity6 @entity1 without @entity741 on exercise electrocardiography, 48-hours ambulatory electrocardiography, and stress echocardiography. The groups were comparable for gender, age, glycemic control, and @entity6 duration. @entity209 was defined according to the National @entity165 Education Program criteria. To estimate insulin resistance in @entity1 treated with diet alone or oral agents (122 @entity1 with @entity453 and 115 @entity1 without @entity453 ), the @entity1720 ( @entity1720 ) was used. The prevalence of @entity209 (59.8% vs 44.3%, p = 0.005) and @entity1720 (5.4 +/- 2.1 vs 4.9 +/- 2.8, p = 0.044) were significantly higher in those with @entity453 than in those without @entity453 . Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the @entity209 was associated with silent @entity453 (odds ratio 2.44, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 5.02, p = 0.015). Among @entity1 on diet alone or oral agents, the @entity1720 was the strongest predictor of silent @entity453 (odds ratio 10.16, 95% confidence interval 2.60 to 39.63, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our data have shown an independent association of @entity209 and insulin resistance with silent @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity6 . Other studies are needed to establish whether @entity209 and @entity1720 are reliable markers to identify @entity6 @entity1 for additional screening for silent @entity453 .

title: Association of the XXXX and insulin resistance with silent @entity741 in @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['HOMA', 'Homeostasis Model Insulin-Resistance Assessment']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: @entity1 telomerase, the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that adds TTAGGG repeats to chromosome ends, is selectively expressed in immortalised cells and most @entity5 , suggesting a potential role for telomerase inhibitors in @entity5 therapy. Replication-deficient retroviruses were used to determine whether mRNA containing UUAGGG, the complementary sequence to the template region of the hTR telomerase RNA, is sufficient to inhibit telomerase activity. Telomerase activities measured by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay in extracts prepared from immortalised @entity19 fibroblasts, @entity1 HeLa cells and @entity1 @entity703 cells were inhibited by 75% or greater in 26 of 56 cell clones expressing UUAGGG. Telomerase activity was not inhibited by expression of mRNA containing a transposed sequence, GGGAUU. Telomerase activities in vivo were inferred from changes in cellular morphology, proliferation capacity, growth rate and measurement of the content of telomere DNA. Giant senescent-like cells emerged shortly after cloning @entity19 PA317 and @entity1 HeLa cells expressing UUAGGG. The fraction of giant cells varied from 100% at the fifth @entity14485 ( @entity14485 ) in one culture to 2-6% at 50 @entity14485 in several other cultures. Giant cells were absent in all parental cells and clones expressing GGGAUU. The average cellular content of telomere DNA was independent of telomerase activity over 50 @entity14485 . The results indicate that expression of RNA complementary to the template region of hTR is sufficient to inhibit telomerase in vitro and in vivo, but that the effect of inhibition on individual cells is highly variable.

title: Inhibition of XXXX telomerase by a retrovirus expressing telomeric antisense RNA.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity14485 :: ('MESH:D005671', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'population doubling']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. Six weeks' treatment with @entity6555 (600 mg/day) significantly reduced @entity551 in 24 @entity1 with essential @entity101 . There was a small but not significant decrease in heart rate. 2. After 6 weeks of therapy mean digital arterial blood flow at rest and during reactive hyperaemia had increased by 26%. 3. In nine essential @entity101 @entity1 intravenous administration of 100 mg of @entity6555 caused prompt and striking @entity551 without significant changes in heart rate. There was a consistent and significant increase in peripheral blood flow by 32% 5 min after administration of the drug. 4. Antagonism of alpha-receptors in addition to beta-receptors might improve peripheral arterial blood flow while achieving antihypertensive control. Thus @entity6555 , owing to its favourable haemodynamic effects, may have advantages over conventional pure beta-receptor-blocking agents.

title: Effects of combined alpha- and beta-receptor blockade on peripheral circulation in essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressures', 'reductions of systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor ( @entity6823 ) is a transmembrane @entity669 kinase receptor, which is abnormally expressed in invasive @entity0 . Small cohort studies have demonstrated that increased expression of @entity6823 is associated with ipsilateral @entity0 recurrence. Correlation with survival has not been reported. Our aim was to further evaluate the role of @entity6823 in @entity0 , by studying the expression of @entity6823 in a large cohort of clinical specimens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tissue microarrays containing 301 node-negative and 280 node-positive cases were used. Immunohistochemical staining was performed and correlated with overall survival, nodal status, and other clinicopathological data. RESULTS: @entity6823 expression was strongly associated with nodal status. Of the node-negative cases, 114 (38.9%) stained positive for @entity6823 , whereas 189 (67.5%) of the node-positive cases expressed @entity6823 (P < 0.0001). @entity6823 expression is also associated with larger @entity5 size (P = 0.02). Positive staining was strongly associated with decreased survival (P = 0.0003). Among node-negative @entity1 , @entity6823 expression was associated with decreased overall survival (P = 0.045), whereas among node-positive @entity1 , it was not (P = 0.47). In multivariate analysis, @entity6823 was not independent of nodal status as a predictor of survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6823 expression is a strong predictor of poor outcome in nonmetastatic @entity0 . It is significantly more frequently expressed in @entity1 with nodal involvement. Among the node-negative @entity1 , it has a stronger association with survival than among the node-positive @entity1 . Our findings support other preclinical findings that @entity6823 may be involved in local invasion and @entity3 . Thus, this receptor may be an effective target for therapeutic agents.

title: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor expression is associated with poor outcome in XXXX by large cohort tissue microarray analysis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Topical @entity288 are recommended as initial therapy in @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) @entity1 . We investigated clinical efficacy of monotherapy with topical steroid and combined therapy in @entity2023 @entity1 . METHODS: Ninety-five @entity2023 @entity1 sensitive to grass pollens according to skin prick test results were enrolled in this placebo-controlled and open study. @entity1 were divided to four groups. Group-1 received only intranasal @entity10438 (MF) 200microg (n=25), group-2 received intranasal MF and oral @entity14295 (DLR) 5mg (n=25), group-3 received intranasal MF and oral montelukast (MSK) 10mg (n=25), group-4 received only placebo (n=20). Efficacy was assessed on the basis of total nasal symptom scores, @entity7370 quality of life questionnaire scores and nasal inspiratory peak flow rates. RESULTS: All groups that received treatment had better results when compared to the placebo group. Significant improvement in total nasal symptom scores was first evident at the end of the 2nd week in group-2. Group-3 had better results than those of the other groups at the end of the 1st month (p<0.05). Quality of life scores were significantly better in group-2 and -3 when compared to those in group-1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Although @entity288 are the mainstay of treatment in @entity2023 , montelukast may be considered as an additional agent especially in treatment of @entity1 with impaired quality of life and it may be used to reduce nasal symptom scores.

title: Efficacy of nasal XXXX alone or combined with antihistamines or montelukast in treatment of @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate']

entities_list: @entity14295 :: ('MESH:C121345', 'Chemical') :: ['desloratadine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: We aimed to study the growth and growth factors of @entity1 with @entity409 before and after liver transplantation (LT). Three observation intervals: 1) before LT (preLT), 2) after LT on daily @entity229 treatment (dP), and 3) on alternate day @entity229 (adP). A longitudinal study (LS) involved 17 @entity1 (9 male) aged 0.73-2.38 y at LT; mean (+/- SD) height (Ht) SD score ( @entity214 ) at LT was -2.02 (+/- 1.25). In a cross-sectional study, there were 123 @entity1 (73 male) aged 0.16-14.88 y (mean 3.72 y). @entity442 and @entity33855 were measured at the same intervals. The results were, for LS, preLT height velocity (HV) @entity214 (X +/- SD -0.8+/-1.4) lower (p < 0.01) than adP-HV @entity214 (3.1+/-1.8) but not different from dP-HV @entity214 (-1.0+/-1.9). For the cross-sectional study, dP-Ht @entity214 (X+/-SD -1.94+/-1.31) lower (p < 0.001) than preLT-Ht @entity214 (-1.03+/-1.06) and adP-Ht @entity214 (-0.98+/-1.20). Parental target @entity214 was not different from adP-Ht @entity214 . (Similar observations were made in the LS.) The dP- sitting height (SH) and @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) @entity214 were significantly lower than both preLT- and adP-SH @entity214 and @entity3656 @entity214 (p = 0.02 and 0.002, respectively). There was a significant improvement of head circumference @entity214 and arm circumference @entity214 from preLT to adP. The dP and adP @entity442 and @entity2301 levels were greater than preLT levels (p < 0.001); no differences were found between preLT, dP, and adP @entity10116 levels. We conclude that growth in @entity1 with @entity409 does not improve after LT on dP, but catch-up growth is shown on adP, appearing to depend mainly on the clinical course and corticosteroid regimen. @entity442 and @entity2301 increment on dP (and sustained on adP) is possibly due to @entity409 , in contrast with inhibition of body growth on dP, possibly due to central and peripheral effects of corticosteroid.

title: Growth, @entity442 ( @entity442 ), and XXXX in @entity1 with severe @entity409 before and after liver transplantation: a longitudinal and cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['SLL', 'subischial leg length']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver regeneration']

answer: @entity33855 :: (3484;3486,Gene) :: ['IGF-binding proteins 1 and 3']


abstract: The association of @entity6477 ( @entity3439 ) and @entity21 has received little attention in the literature. The authors report the clinicopathological findings in six @entity1 who died of severe @entity542 in whom computerized tomography revealed acute @entity3439 as the predominant lesion. All @entity1 were injured in road traffic accidents and @entity1662 on impact. The mean total contusion index was 17.4 and sever @entity2981 were seen in only two cases. All @entity1 presented histological criteria of intracranial @entity101 (pressure @entity39 focus in one or both parahippocampal gyri). @entity75 was evident in the postmortem examination of three @entity1 . In three cases, macroscopic hematic lesions were observed in the corpus callosum. All @entity1 had widespread axonal retraction balls disseminated in the white brain matter. Three @entity1 who survived for more than 11 days had microglial clusters. In some @entity1 with a @entity542 , acute @entity3439 may be only an epiphenomenon of a primary impact lesion of variable severity: that is, a @entity21 . In these cases, the final outcome is fundamentally dependent on the severity of the subjacent @entity21 .

title: XXXX and @entity21 after severe @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic brain damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity2981 :: ('MESH:D003288', 'Disease') :: ['contusions']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['lost consciousness']

answer: @entity6477 :: (MESH:D020199,Disease) :: ['Acute subdural hematoma']


abstract: Sixty-eight @entity1 with @entity320 were examined by @entity6852 and the findings analyzed. Cerebral @entity3 were detected in 19 @entity1 . @entity1653 were found in three @entity1 , one with neurological symptoms and two without. Typical @entity3 less than 10 mm in diameter were located superficially in the grey matter, regular, homogenous, hyperdense, with no @entity4 . Extensive peripheral @entity4 was often associated with @entity3 measuring more than 10 mm. @entity6852 revealed cerebral @entity3 in 6 (13%) of 46 asymptomatic @entity1 . The @entity3 measured less than 10 mm in four and less than 20 mm in two of these @entity1 . Scintigraphy was falsely negative in six @entity1 with @entity3 smaller than 10 mm. Therefore, @entity6852 is the method of choice for screening asymptomatic @entity1 . Angiography may be of value in the differentiation between @entity1653 and @entity320 @entity3 .

title: Cranial computed tomography of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several observational studies have reported that @entity2449 may be associated with reduced risk of @entity0 ; however, many of these studies were affected by time-related biases such as immortal time bias and time-window bias. This study aimed to examine the relative risk of @entity0 for older @entity1 initiating @entity2449 versus @entity5736 while avoiding such biases. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of @entity1 aged 65+ who initiated monotherapy with @entity2449 (n=45,900) or @entity5736 (n=13,904) and were free of @entity5 and @entity8 within 6 months before treatment initiation using 2007-2012 US Medicare claims data. We followed treatment initiators for incident @entity0 , and estimated hazard ratios using weighted Cox models. Unmeasured confounding by body mass index and smoking was further adjusted by propensity score calibration using external information from Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey 2006-2009 panels. RESULTS: During 58,835 and 16,366 @entity1 -years of follow-up, 385 initiators of @entity2449 treatment and 95 of @entity5736 were diagnosed with @entity0 . @entity2449 initiators did not have a reduced risk of @entity0 compared with @entity5736 initiators (hazard ratio: 1.2; 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 1.6). Externally controlling for body mass index and smoking did not affect the estimates. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide no support for a reduced risk of @entity0 after initiation of @entity2449 compared with a clinical alternative in older @entity1 . This study is limited by the relatively short follow-up time and we cannot exclude the possible benefits of long-time @entity2449 use on @entity0 risk.

title: Comparative effect of Initiating @entity2449 versus XXXX on Breast Cancer Risk in Older @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea', 'sulfonylureas']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity5736 :: (D013453,Chemical) :: ['Sulfonylureas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8436 is an intracellular parasite in vertebrate hosts, including @entity1 . During @entity281 , amastigotes replicate inside macrophages and are transmitted to healthy cells, leading to amplification of the @entity281 . Although transfer of amastigotes from infected to healthy cells is a crucial step that may shape the outcome of the @entity281 , it is not fully understood. Here we compare L. amazonensis and L. @entity281 in C57BL/6 and BALB/c @entity19 and investigate the fate of macrophages when infected with these species of @entity8436 in vitro. As previously shown, @entity281 of @entity19 results in distinct outcomes: L. amazonensis causes a @entity281 in both strains of @entity19 (although milder in C57BL/6), whereas L. guyanensis does not cause them disease. In vitro, @entity281 is persistent in L. amazonensis-infected macrophages whereas L. guyanensis growth is controlled by host cells from both strains of @entity19 . We demonstrate that, in vitro, L. amazonensis induces apoptosis of both C57BL/6 and BALB/c macrophages, characterized by PS exposure, DNA cleavage into nucleosomal size fragments, and consequent hypodiploidy. None of these signs were seen in macrophages infected with L. guyanensis, which seem to die through @entity39 , as indicated by increased PI-, but not Annexin V-, positive cells. L. amazonensis-induced macrophage apoptosis was associated to activation of caspases-3, -8 and -9 in both strains of @entity19 . Considering these two species of @entity8436 and strains of @entity19 , macrophage apoptosis, induced at the initial moments of @entity281 , correlates with @entity281 , regardless of its severity. We present evidence suggestive that macrophages phagocytize L. amazonensis-infected cells, which has not been verified so far. The ingestion of apoptotic infected macrophages by healthy macrophages could be a way of amastigote spreading, leading to the establishment of @entity281 .

title: Distinct Macrophage Fates after in vitro Infection with Different Species of @entity8436 : Induction of Apoptosis by @entity8436 ( XXXX ) amazonensis, but Not by @entity8436 ) guyanensis.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['guyanensis infection', 'infection', 'chronic infection']

answer: @entity8436 :: (5660,Species) :: ['Leishmania']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine if sparging with @entity515 (g) could be used to establish stable biorelevant @entity3157 buffers, in aqueous medium, for use in dissolution characterization of low-solubility ionizable drugs. METHODS: Preparation of the @entity3157 -containing dissolution medium was monitored by use of a commercially available fiberoptic probe to measure the concentration of dissolved @entity515 (aq). Intrinsic dissolution measurements at 100 rpm, 37 degrees C for @entity3352 and @entity4341 were performed using a rotating disk and UV detection at pH 6.8 and 5.0 in a USP dissolution vessel apparatus. RESULTS: @entity3352 dissolution at pH 6.8 was significantly impacted by the concentration of @entity515 (g) in the sparging gas. @entity4341 flux at pH 6.8 was independent of buffer species or buffer concentrations studied. However, @entity4341 dissolution at pH 5 was also a strong function of the concentration of @entity515 (g) in the sparging gas. CONCLUSIONS: Stable @entity3157 biorelevant buffers could be established to perform intrinsic dissolution rate determinations for @entity3352 and @entity4341 as long a continuous gas sparging of @entity515 (g) was used. Depending of the pH of the dissolution medium, the intrinsic dissolution rates of both @entity3352 and @entity4341 were affected by the @entity3157 concentration. Sparging with @entity515 (g) to create physiologic buffers has a unique advantage over conventional buffers in that gas sparging serves as a continuous source of @entity3157 buffer species. This advantage was demonstrated by performing dissolution experiments at pH values typically associated with the fed state (pH 5) and applying relatively low @entity515 (g) pressures, resulting in @entity3157 concentrations less than 0.5 mM. It was demonstrated that @entity515 (g) sparging at a pH consistent with the fed state created an in-situ @entity3157 buffer at low concentrations, which had a significant impact on the dissolution of a basic drug such as @entity4341 .

title: Use of a physiologic XXXX buffer system for dissolution characterization of ionizable drugs.

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

answer: @entity3157 :: (CHEBI:17544,Chemical) :: ['bicarbonate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were: (i) to measure the analgesic efficacy and frequency of adverse events following autonomous nurse-initiated intravenous @entity1286 in @entity1 presenting with acute @entity158 , awaiting medical assessment; and (ii) to determine whether such a process would improve the time to @entity1337 . METHODS: A prospective convenience sample of @entity1 presenting in acute @entity158 received titrated intravenous @entity1286 by experienced emergency nurses. @entity158 scores on a 10.0 cm visual analogue scale and predetermined adverse events defined by physiological parameters were measured at regular intervals over the following 60 min. Demographic, diagnostic and waiting time data were also recorded. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty nine @entity1 were enrolled over a 12-month period. The median initial @entity158 score was 8.5 cm, with a reduction to 4.0 cm at 1 h. Respiratory rate, @entity26 saturation, heart rate and blood pressure all showed small but statistically significant reductions over 60 min. There were 15 predefined adverse events, 10 episodes of @entity551 and five episodes of @entity26 desaturation. No intervention other than supplemental @entity26 was required. There were no episodes of @entity1168 , bradypnoea or reduced level of consciousness. The median time to narcotic was 18 min and the median time to be seen by a doctor was 52 min. CONCLUSION: Experienced emergency nurses can initiate effective intravenous narcotic @entity1337 for @entity1 in acute @entity158 awaiting medical assessment, with minimal change in physiological parameters. This process can improve the time to @entity1337 for @entity1 in acute @entity158 .

title: Nurse-initiated intravenous XXXX in the emergency department: efficacy, rate of adverse events and impact on time to @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of @entity714 ( @entity714 ) due to right ventricular pacing represents a particular challenge in properly measuring the QTc interval. In 2014 a new formula for evaluation of QT interval in @entity1 with @entity714 was reported. METHODS: 145 @entity1 with @entity737 ( @entity737 ) were included in this prospective multicenter observational study. Inclusion criteria were: no permanent right ventricular stimulation, an intrinsic QRS interval of <120ms and reduced left ventricular function. 12-lead ECG recordings during intrinsic rhythm and during right ventricular threshold testing were performed. After @entity714 correction using the reported Bogossian formula, the QTc interval was evaluated with the Bazett formula. The corrected QTc interval was compared in each @entity1 with the QTc interval during intrinsic rhythm. All measurements were performed by an experienced electrophysiologist and a trainee who worked independently and in a blinded manner. RESULTS: 74 @entity1 (65  13y; male n = 42) with apical and 71 @entity1 (68  11y; male n = 42) with non-apical right ventricular pacing were included in this study. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 40  13%. The QTc interval was determined to be 461  34ms (modified by Bogossian's formula) in paced and 436  34ms in intrinsic rhythm. The QTc interval was overestimated by   QTc of 25    21ms (mean deviation 5.7%) when using the Bogossian formula. CONCLUSION: The novel Bogossian formula seems to be a reliable tool for QTc interval evaluation in @entity1 with @entity712 and right ventricular pacing. However, a slight overestimation of the QT-interval must be respected. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Applicability of a Novel Formula (Bogossian formula) for Evaluation of the @entity712 and XXXX Due to Right Ventricular Pacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

answer: @entity714 :: (MESH:D002037,Disease) :: ['Left Bundle Branch Block']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment of ring @entity155 injuries is technically challenging. Surgical success depends not only on revascularization and anatomic restoration but also on functional recovery. A functional finger is mobile and sensible. We report two cases of secondary restoration of the finger pulp's sensibility with Littler's heterodigital neurovascular island flap after a ring @entity130 . Two @entity1 (47-year-old physiotherapist and 21-year-old student) suffered a @entity130 of the 4th finger on the left hand, classified in Urbaniak class III and Kay-Adani class IVd. The emergency treatment consisted in replantation with suture repair of the ulnar proper palmar digital artery; the nerve was not repaired due to its @entity155 from the pulp. Four months later, once the vascularization was stable, restoration of the fingertip's sensibility was done using Littler's heterodigital neurovascular island flap. The 3rd finger's ulnar palmar digital pedicle was dissected using a hemi-Bruner incision. The pedicled flap was brought to the host site after being tunneled through the 4th finger's base. A split skin graft was performed at the donor site. After three years of follow-up, two-point discrimination on the 4th finger's radial pulp was 5mm and cortical integration was satisfactory. The donor site had only tactile sensitivity. The DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score was 13.3 and 11.7, and the total arc of motion was 90   and 180  , respectively. Littler's flap seems to be appropriate for restoring sensation at fingertip after ring @entity155 injuries. Donor site complications seem acceptable.

title: Secondary restoration of fingertip sensation with Littler's heterodigital neurovascular island flap after ring XXXX : Report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion injury', 'degloving injury']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['avulsion injury']


abstract: Insulin-like growth factor-1 could be a useful marker in the @entity1641 for diagnostic, selection, or forensic purposes, provided its physiological regulation is well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate factors, such as acute exercise, fitness training, time of day, sex, and age, that may influence serum @entity13814 in normal, healthy @entity1641 . Throughout a 9-wk training program, 6 geldings maintained a mean (+/- SEM) @entity13814 concentration of 302 +/- 29 ng/mL. Moderate or high intensity exercise had no effect on @entity13814 concentrations, when pre- and postexercise values were compared. Over a 24-h period, there was some variation in @entity13814 concentrations but no clear diurnal rhythm. Concentrations of @entity13814 were measured in a large population of thoroughbred @entity1641 (1,880) on 3 continents. The population deviated slightly from a normal distribution (P < 0.001) because of large @entity13814 concentrations in 10 @entity1641 . The global mean @entity13814 concentration was 310 +/- 2.2 ng/mL, with a greater mean value (P < 0.001) in gonad-intact males (336 +/- 5.6 ng/mL) than in females (303 +/- 3.2 ng/mL) or geldings (302 +/- 3.2 ng/mL). However, the greatest @entity13814 concentrations observed for all stallions, mares, and geldings were 627, 676, and 709 ng/mL, respectively. In mares and geldings, @entity13814 concentrations showed a gradual decrease with advancing age (P < 0.001), but the effect was much less marked in stallions. This study confirms that @entity13814 concentrations are stable, compared with GH concentrations, in the @entity1641 and that a meaningful measure of @entity13814 status can be obtained from a daily serum sample.

title: Effect of exercise, training, circadian rhythm, age, and sex on insulin-like growth factor-1 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Liposomal anthracyclines and @entity1311 are considered the best available cytotoxic therapies for @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ), but relapse is common. To identify new interventions for relapsed or progressive @entity2826 , a phase II study of low-dose @entity2879 to assess its @entity137 and efficacy was conducted. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with high-risk @entity2826 were treated with oral @entity2879 50 mg/d for 7 consecutive days of every 2-week cycle. All @entity1 ' disease had relapsed or progressed after prior combination chemotherapy or @entity4349 therapy. For @entity1 without a complete or partial response after two cycles of therapy and no @entity137 greater than grade 2, the dose of @entity2879 was escalated to 100 mg/d orally on days 1 to 7 of each 14-day cycle. Treatment-related and disease-specific quality of life was evaluated using @entity1 reports on the General Health Self-Assessment Form and a @entity2826 -specific measure. RESULTS: One @entity1 achieved a complete response, 12 @entity1 had a partial response (overall response rate, 36.1%), and stable disease was observed in 12 @entity1 (33.3%). @entity5 responses were seen in all disease sites. Fourteen @entity1 had their dose escalated, of whom five responded. The median time to response was 17.7 weeks; the median duration of response was 25 weeks. The most frequent @entity1503 was @entity1398 , which was grade 4 in seven @entity1 and grade 3 in six. @entity1292 occurred in eight @entity1 during the treatment period. Both response to treatment and @entity137 influenced @entity1 -reported quality of life. CONCLUSION: We conclude that low-dose oral @entity2879 at a dose of 50 mg/d is safe and effective for the treatment of refractory or progressed @entity791 -related @entity2826 and has an overall positive effect on the quality of life of responding @entity1 .

title: Phase II evaluation of low-dose oral @entity2879 for the treatment of relapsed or progressive @entity791 -related XXXX : an @entity791 Clinical Trials Group clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", 'KS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['Opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of @entity882 as a diagnostic marker for @entity311 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Medicine, 1 Mountain Medical Battalion (Bagh, Azad Kashmir) from July to September 2013. METHODOLOGY: Adult @entity1 presenting with a short history of fever without any localizing symptoms or signs were included. Exclusion criteria included @entity1 with fever of > 7 days duration, those in whom an underlying diagnosis could be easily confirmed on the basis of history and physical examination, those on antibiotics/ antimalarials or antiplatelet agents and @entity1 with @entity779 . Platelet counts in venous whole blood samples were analysed with Sysmex KX-21 Haematology analyzer. Thick and thin peripheral blood smears were then prepared and examined for @entity4801 . Diagnosis of @entity311 was established on the basis of smear findings. RESULTS: There were 245 @entity1 in total. Out of the 109 @entity1 with @entity882 , 61 had vivax @entity311 . Platelets count was normal in 136 @entity1 , including 4 with vivax @entity311 . @entity9231 was not seen in any @entity1 . All cases with @entity311 were uncomplicated. Various measures of accuracy thus calculated were sensitivity 93.85%, specificity 73.33%, positive predictive value 55.96%, negative predictive value 97.06%, positive likelihood ratio of 3.52, negative likelihood ratio of 0.08, diagnostic odds ratio 41.94 and diagnostic accuracy of 78.78%. CONCLUSION: @entity882 has an excellent sensitivity and a very good specificity for vivax @entity311 . Normal platelet counts provide very strong evidence against @entity311 as the etiology of fever without a focus.

title: @entity882 in XXXX : can platelet counts differentiate @entity311 from other infections?

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['Falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['malarial parasites']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue fever']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: In vivo bioluminescence imaging is becoming increasingly popular. Quantification of bioluminescence signals requires knowledge of the variability and reproducibility of this technique. The objective of this study was to analyze the time course of luminescent signal emitted from firefly luciferase-expressing @entity5 in two locations, following @entity10051 injection and at different times after @entity5 cell implantation. Knowledge of the kinetics of the bioluminescent signals is required for the reliable quantification and comparison of signal during longitudinal studies. The kinetics of bioluminescence was evaluated in orthotopic and @entity1313 in @entity19 using a @entity1 @entity1313 cell line constitutively expressing luciferase. @entity5 cells were implanted in the brains and flanks of the animals, and whole-body images revealing @entity5 location were obtained. @entity5 burden was monitored over time by the quantitation of photon emission. The magnitude of bioluminescence measured in vivo varied with time after the injection of @entity10051 , as well as with dose, which necessitated that the comparison of the quantitative results take into consideration the time after injection. @entity5 exhibited significantly different time courses; however, time after implantation as characterized by kinetic studies performed on days 4 and 14 after cell implantation revealed no significant @entity5 . Future quantitative longitudinal studies must take into account the differences in the kinetics of different models.

title: Time course of bioluminescent signal in orthotopic and XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'heterotopic brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Heterotopic and orthotopic tumors', 'Tumor', 'differences in orthotopic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10051 :: ('CHEBI:25078', 'Chemical') :: ['luciferin']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['heterotopic brain tumors']


abstract: Objective. To assess the clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS @entity9221 ) of the subthalamic nucleus in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) compared to pharmacological treatment. Material and methods. DBS @entity9221 was applied to 22 @entity1 (mean age 53.2 years, mean disease duration 9,6 years). The control group included 28 @entity1 (mean age 54.2 years, mean disease duration 9,6 years) with @entity191 who received pharmacological treatment. @entity1 were examined in OFF-medication and ON-medication conditions at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 months. The Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) part II, III, IV, the Hoehn and Yahr scale, the Schwab and England Scale, PDQ-39, the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 and the Spielberger Anxiety Scale were administered. All @entity1 had motor fluctuations and @entity910 . Results and conclusion. We demonstrated that DBS @entity9221 improved UPDRS II, III scores, reduced @entity910 and motor fluctuations. After surgery, dopaminergic therapy was reduced by approximately 54.5%. In the control group, levodopa dose was increased by 20.5% to 36th month.

title: [A comparative study of the efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and pharmacological treatment in advanced XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson  s disease', "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An in vitro biomechanical study using aged @entity1 and adolescent porcine discs. OBJECTIVES: To find the leakage pathway and effect of needle gauge on the degree of @entity130 post anular puncture. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal needles are widely used for minimal invasive disc surgeries and @entity1797 /regeneration research. Applications of anular puncture require different diameters of spinal needles. However, the effect of needle diameters on the @entity130 has not been systematically studied yet. METHODS: Four groups of experiments were conducted: 1) porcine thoracic @entity46309 ) @entity1 thoracic disc, 3) porcine thoracic disc with 200 N external loading, and 4) porcine lumbar discs. The disc was punctured consecutively with needles from smaller diameter to larger diameter. After each anular puncture, the quantitative discomanometry technique was conducted to quantify the disc @entity397 pressure and volume. The association between needle gauge and @entity397 pressure and volume was analyzed. RESULTS: The degree of @entity130 increased with the diameter of needle. For an aged @entity1 thoracic disc, the anulus fibrosus cannot hold pressure more than 2 MPa after a 21-gauge-needle-anular-puncture. The leakage pathway of injected saline was through the anular fissure but was through the endplate when the disc was next to an osteoporotic vertebrae. The pressure holding power of porcine disc is stronger than of @entity1 disc. The @entity397 pressure of porcine lumbar disc is higher than of porcine thoracic disc. The axial compressive external loading increased the disc @entity397 pressure. The @entity397 volumes were not affected by the dimension of injury fissure. The @entity397 volume was at level of 0.3 mL without external loading and at 0.2 mL with external loading. CONCLUSION: A spinal needle of < or = 22 gauge and injection volume of < or = 0.2 mL are recommended to prevent postsurgery leakage.

title: The leakage pathway and effect of needle gauge on degree of @entity130 post anular puncture: a comparative study using aged XXXX and adolescent porcine discs.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['disc injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality from @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is decreasing nationwide, but no report to date examined @entity583 mortality among @entity1 with @entity82 . GOALS: Determine mortality rates and investigate possible disparities in cardiovascular interventions for @entity1 with and without @entity82 admitted with @entity583 across a decade using a national database. STUDY: We included all urgent/emergent admissions with @entity583 to acute care hospitals across the United States in 1999 and 2009. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 years or prior liver transplantation. Confounders were accounted for using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 325,857 and 182,491 @entity1 with @entity583 were included in 1999 and 2009, respectively, 741 and 541 of whom had @entity82 , respectively. In-hospital mortality rate was 31% and 11% for @entity1 with and without @entity82 in 1999, and 17% and 9% in 2009. The adjusted mortality odds ratio was 2.54 (1.52 to 4.24) in 1999 and 1.45 (0.73 to 2.86) in 2009. Stent placement rate was 11% and 26% for @entity1 with and without @entity82 in 1999, and increased to 47% and 61% in 2009, respectively. Thrombolytic medication injection rate was 3% and 10% for @entity1 with and without @entity82 in 1999, and 0% and 2% in 2009, respectively. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery rate was 3% and 9% for @entity1 with and without @entity82 in 1999, and was 6% and 7% in 2009, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity583 mortality in @entity1 with @entity82 is higher compared with @entity1 without @entity82 . However, this mortality difference declined from 1999 to 2009, likely because of higher coronary artery stent utilization for @entity1 with @entity82 .

title: ST Elevation XXXX Mortality Among @entity1 With Liver Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Analysis Across a Decade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ) is a rare @entity2214 , with an incidence rate of 4.0-5.4/1 million individuals. @entity1222 encompasses a spectrum of disorders with diverse clinical presentations ranging from a single organ to multiple organ involvement. @entity1222 rarely involves the thyroid gland. We presented a case with @entity1222 of thyroid gland. The @entity1 had @entity135 and then @entity2010 . Ultrasonic scan and magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed @entity8170 and @entity1283 , respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed features of histiocytoid cells. @entity419 ( @entity419 ) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed in order to rule out the presence of whole body infiltration. @entity419 PET/CT also demonstrated increased uptake in the thickening pituitary stalk and maxillofacial @entity272 , in addition to the bilateral thyroid nodules, CT showed the left lung nodule and the skull destruction without @entity419 uptake. This report emphasizes the role of @entity419 PET/CT in multiple organs involvement of @entity1 with @entity1222 .

title: XXXX positron emission tomography/computed tomography for primary thyroid langerhans histiocytosis: A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal proliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['painless progressive neck enlargement']

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '18F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary stalk enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis', 'LCH']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: To our knowledge there are no data about the relationship between elevated risk for developing @entity6 ( @entity4989 ) and altered cardiac autonomic function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between heart rate variability (HRV) and slightly increased risk for @entity4989 . METHODS: We evaluated 69 subjects (50.0    14.4 years; 30 male) without @entity4989 , @entity453 and @entity943 . The subjects were divided into two groups according to the Finnish @entity6 Risk Score (FINDRISC): group I (n = 39) included subjects with 12 > FINDRISC >=  7; group II (n = 30) subjects with FINDRISC < 7. HRV was derived from 24-h electrocardiogram. We used time domain variables and frequency domain analysis performed over the entire 24-h period, during the day (06-22 h) and overnight (22-06 h). RESULTS: Standard deviation of the average normal RR intervals was significantly lower in the group with increased risk for @entity4989 compared to the group II (127.1    26.6 ms vs 149.6    57.6 ms; p = 0.035). Other time domain measures were similar in both groups. The group I demonstrated significantly reduced frequency domain measures, total power--TP (7.2    0.3 ln/ms2 vs 7.3    0.3 ln/ms2; p = 0.029), and low frequency--LF (5.9    0.4 ln/ms2 vs 6.3    0.6 In/ms2; p = 0.006), over entire 24 h, as well as TP (7.1    0.3 In/ms2 vs 7.3    0.3 In/ms2; p = 0.004), very low frequency (6.2    0.2 In/ms2 vs 6.3    0.2 In/ms2; p = 0.030), LF (5.9    0.4 In/ms2 vs 6.2    0.3 In/ms2; p = 0.000) and high frequency (5.7    0.4 In/ms2 vs 5.9    0.4 In/ms2; p = 0.011) during the daytime compared to the group II. Nocturnal frequency domain analysis was similar between the groups. The low diurnal frequency was independently related to elevated risk for @entity6 (beta = -0,331; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The obtained results suggest that even slightly elevated risk for developing @entity6 may be related to impaired HRV.

title: Heart rate variability and increased risk for developing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) is a leading cause of mortality in @entity1 with @entity296 . Although angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) decrease cardiac mortality in these cohorts, their role in preventing @entity1164 has not been well established. We sought to determine whether the use of ACEi or @entity11882 in @entity1 with @entity296 is associated with a lower incidence of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) shocks in the Genetic Risk Assessment of Defibrillator Events study that included subjects with an ejection fraction of  <=30% and ICDs. Treatment with ACEi/ @entity11882 versus no-ACEi/ @entity11882 was physician dependent. There were 1,509 @entity1 (mean age [SD] 63 [12] years, 80% @entity1 , mean [SD] EF 21% [6%]) with 1,213 (80%) on ACEi/ @entity11882 and 296 (20%) not on ACEi/ @entity11882 . We identified 574 propensity-matched @entity1 (287 in each group). After a mean (SD) of 2.5 (1.9) years, there were 334 (22%) appropriate shocks in the entire cohort. The use of ACEi/ @entity11882 was associated with lower incidence of shocks at 1, 3, and 5  years in the matched cohort (7.7%, 16.7%, and 18.5% vs 13.2%, 27.5%, and 32.0%; RR  = 0.61 [0.43 to 0.86]; p  = 0.005). Among @entity1 with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >60 and 30 to 60  ml/min/1.73  m(2), those on no-ACEi/ @entity11882 were at 45% and 77% increased risk of @entity299 compared with those on ACEi/ @entity11882 , respectively. ACEi/ @entity11882 were associated with significant lower incidence of appropriate @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity296 and GFR >= 30  ml/min/1.73  m(2) and with neutral effect in those with GFR <30  ml/min/1.73  m(2).

title: Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and receptor blockers on XXXX shock in @entity1 with severe systolic heart failure (from the GRADE Multicenter Study).

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator', 'ICD', 'ICD shock']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2080 Background: There are no phase III trials supporting the role of some treatment for @entity463 (GBMs). GBMs are very vascularized neoplasms thus antiangiogenic therapies might obtain some antitumoral effects. Recently, an antiangiogenic such as bevacizumab has given prior encouraging results in phase II studies and is under phase III investigation. From phase II studies also low dose protracted @entity2903 (LDPT) seems to have some activity at relapse. Basing on these evidences we planned a phase II trial evaluating the activity of a full oral regimen with @entity2857 (S), a @entity4149 kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic activity, associated to LDPT in @entity1 (PTS) with relapsed GBMs. METHODS: Recruit able PTS (not previously treated with antiangiogenics) were enrolled in the study and received S 400mg bid plus @entity2903 (T) 40mg/m2 a day continuously till unmanageable @entity137 or disease progression. Disease evaluation were performed every 2 months with @entity2287 enhanced MRI using RECIST criteria. RESULTS: From July 2008 to October 2010, 36 @entity1 were enrolled, 18 male, median age was 59.4 (range =36.5-75.6), ECOG PS was 0 in 2 PTS, 1 in 20 PTS and 2 in 14 PTS. All PTS had histological proven GBMs relapsed after surgery, radiotherapy and @entity2903 for at least six months. Five PTS had a prior second line chemotherapy and 5 two prior lines of therapy. No PTS received prior antiangiogenic treatment. @entity137 was manageable; grade 1-2 was (Type/PTS): @entity8566 ( @entity8566 )/7, @entity101 /7, @entity294 /6, @entity448 /3, fatigue/9, @entity390 /4, @entity3136 /1, @entity882 /2, @entity417 /2 and toxic @entity99 /3; grade 3-4 was @entity8566 /5, @entity101 /1, @entity882 /2 and fatigue/2. All PTS were valuable for response: 3 PTS (8.3%) had PR, 16 (44.4%) had @entity168 and 16 had progression. Median TTP was 2.7 months (CI 95% 1.2-4.2) and Median OS was 7.4 months (CI 95% 5.6-9.1). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experience the combination of S ant LDPT is feasible and safe and has some activity against relapsed GBMs. The TTP of present study is comparable to the one obtained treating a similar subset of @entity1 with bevacizumab (Zustovich et al. Anticancer Res. 2010; 12: 5213-6).

title: @entity2857 plus daily low dose XXXX for relapsed @entity463 : A phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['HFS', 'Hand and foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed glioblastomas']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: Thirty-four @entity1 with chronic @entity29 , 23 with @entity31 , and 11 with @entity30 , weretreated with elemental diet. thirty-one @entity1 had been on high dose prednisonetherapy one to four weeks prior to the diet with no or insufficient response. Fifteen @entity1 (44%) went into remission when elemental diet was introduced as the only change of treatment. Furthermore six @entity1 (18%) went into remission when the dietary treatment was supplemented with high dose @entity229 treatment (2 cases) or an increase of @entity229 dose (4 cases). Remission occurred in 16 of 21 @entity1 with disease of moderate activity, but in only 5 of 13 cases with severe disease. Remission rate was higher in @entity1 with a limited extent of the lesion, but 8 @entity1 with extensive @entity1960 responded to treatment. There was no significant change of haemoglobin serum @entity68 , @entity69 , @entity2313 , orosomucoid, or renal excretion of @entity1011 . However, significant decreases were observed of sedimentation rate, renal urea excretion, faecal volume and daily number of bowel movements. Colectomy was performed in 8 @entity1 whose condition remained unchanged or aggravated during treatment. Follow-up studies of non-operated @entity1 who went into remission showed that 6 of 13 @entity1 with @entity31 were perfectly well 7-28 months after the study, 3 @entity1 suffered a mild recurrence after 4-24 months, and 4 @entity1 were colectomized 5-10 months later due to severe attack. Of 8 @entity1 with @entity30 4 remained unoperated and free of symptoms 22-35 months after the study.

title: Assessment of the therapeutic value of an elemental diet in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["crohn's disease", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the demographic characteristics, prognostic factors, and management for @entity1 diagnosed with a @entity5 ( @entity5 ). STUDY DESIGN: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry was reviewed for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 from 1973 to 2011. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed on @entity1 demographic characteristics and pathologic variables. RESULTS: The SEER database identified 295 @entity5 @entity1 . The mean age at diagnosis was 50.5 years (range 5-89 years). Of these @entity1 , 61.7% were male and 38.3% were female. The racial composition was 66.4% White, 22% Black, 6.1% Asian, 3.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% Native American, and 2.1% Other/Unknown. Kaplan-Meier analysis found an @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) at 5 years of 54% and 67%, respectively. Multivariate analysis of the entire cohort found that age and stage were predictors of @entity1349 and that age was a predictor for @entity66 . For stage I/II MOTs, age and surgical therapy were predictors of @entity1349 and @entity66 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Here we report the largest study to date investigating demographic characteristics, prognostic factors, and management of @entity5 @entity1 . Determinants of survival for @entity1349 and @entity66 include age, stage, and surgical therapy.

title: Epidemiology, prognostic factors, and management of XXXX : an analysis of 295 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MOT', 'malignant odontogenic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant odontogenic tumors']


abstract: Nucleated cells employ several strategies to evade killing by homologous complement. We studied complement resistance in the @entity1 @entity189 cell lines (CA) T47D (mammary), SKOV3 (ovarian), and PC-3 (prostate) with emphasis on the following mechanisms of defense: 1. Expression and shedding of the membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRP) @entity806 , @entity9819 and @entity1009 ; 2. Resistance based on protein phosphorylation; 3. Cell surface expression of @entity3167 residues; 4. Desensitization to complement upon exposure to sublytic complement doses. Anti-mCRP antibody blocking experiments demonstrated that @entity1009 is the main mCRP protecting these CA from complement. Soluble @entity1009 was also found in supernates of PC-3> SKOV3 > T47D cells. Second, inhibitors of PKC, PKA and @entity8047 sensitized the CA to lysis, thus implicating these protein kinases in CA complement resistance. Third, removal of @entity3167 residues with @entity689 also sensitized CA to lysis. Finally, exposure of CA to sublytic doses of complement conferred on them enhanced resistance to lytic complement doses in a PKC-dependent process. Combined treatment of CA with anti- @entity1009 antibodies, @entity4286 (a @entity8047 inhibitor) and @entity689 produced a large enhancement in CA sensitivity to complement. Our results show that @entity1009 and @entity3167 residues present on the cell surface, and intracellular processes involving protein phosphorylation act additively to secure CA resistance to complement-mediated lysis. Therefore, the effectiveness of antibody- and complement-based @entity5 immunotherapy will markedly improve by suppression of the various complement resistance mechanisms.

title: Complement resistance of @entity1 @entity189 cells depends on membrane regulatory proteins, protein kinases and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity3167 :: (MESH:D019158,Chemical) :: ['sialic acid']


abstract: Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity2896 and nine @entity1 with acute @entity2895 were treated with botulinum toxin injection to the antagonist, nonparalytic horizontal rectus muscle. In a control group of 52 @entity1 with @entity2896 not treated with botulinum in the acute stage, only 16 (31%) recovered spontaneously and did not require surgery. Twenty-two of the 31 surviving @entity1 who could be followed with @entity2896 had lateral rectus recovery and surgery was avoided. Four required prisms in their glasses to obtain fusion. Nine @entity1 developed @entity2896 and required surgery. In this group of @entity2896 @entity1 , eleven were bilateral. Seven of these eleven developed chronic sixth nerve @entity912 , and required strabismus surgery. This suggests the prognosis for recovery following botulinum treatment in cases of @entity2896 is not as good as in the unilateral cases. Botulinum toxin treatment does not appear to be effective in @entity2896 , as judged by results of treatment in one @entity1 known to have a chronic palsy. Nine of nine @entity1 with acute @entity2895 had medial rectus recovery with fusion horizontally in primary gaze. None have required surgery. Only four of nine showed improvement in vertical rotations. The remaining five @entity1 avoid vertical @entity892 by a compensatory chin position. Botulinum toxin treatment of @entity1 with @entity2896 appears beneficial. However, since some in this group of @entity1 may recover spontaneously, a randomized, double-blind study may be necessary to more definitively determine the effectiveness of this therapy.

title: Botulinum toxin treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['third nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['acute sixth nerve palsy', 'chronic sixth nerve palsy', 'acute sixth and third nerve palsy', 'acute bilateral sixth nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2896 :: (MESH:D020434,Disease) :: ['acute sixth and third nerve palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Faces, as socially relevant stimuli, readily capture @entity1 visuospatial attention. Although faces also play important roles in the social lives of @entity831 , the closest living species to @entity1 , the way in which faces are attentionally processed remains unclear from a comparative-cognitive perspective. In the present study, three young @entity831 ( @entity831 ) were tested with a simple manual response task in which various kinds of photographs, including faces as non-informative cues, were followed by a target. RESULTS: When the target appeared at the location that had been occupied by the face immediately before target onset, response times were significantly faster than when the target appeared at the opposite location that had been by the other object. Such an advantage was not observed when a photograph of a banana was paired with the other object. Furthermore, this attentional capture was also observed when upright @entity1 faces were presented, indicating that this effect is not limited to own-species faces. On the contrary, when the @entity1 were tested with inverted @entity831 faces, this effect was rather weakened, suggesting the specificity to upright faces. CONCLUSION: @entity831 's visuospatial attention was easily captured by the face stimuli. This effect was face specific and stronger for upright faces than inverted. These results are consistent with those from typically developing @entity1 .

title: Faces capture the visuospatial attention of XXXX ( @entity831 ): evidence from a cueing experiment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['Chimpanzee', 'Pan troglodytes', 'chimpanzee', 'chimpanzees']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['chimpanzees']


abstract: In this study, we have examined the correlation between the histological and histochemical changes of articular cartilage and bone parameters of the underlying subchondral bone. The aim was to elucidate patterns of bone parameter changes within different depths of subchondral bone in the joints with macroscopically normal cartilage and in joints with @entity571 ( @entity571 ). Ten tibial plateaus were taken from @entity1 during total knee replacement surgery due to severe @entity571 . They were compared with 10 sets of tibial condyles obtained from autopsy subjects with no history of @entity79 . The cylindrical cartilage-bone samples were taken out from the anterior, posterior, external, and internal areas of the condyles for cartilage assessment (Mankin score) and subchondral bone histomorphometry. Four histomorphometric parameters were measured: bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.S). Our study showed that subchondral bone from the @entity571 group had significantly higher bone volume (54.1 +/- 10.6%) than control group (37.8 +/- 8.1%) (P < 0.01). In addition, trabecular parameters from the @entity571 subchondral bone showed a smaller number of sparsely distributed and thicker trabecules than in control group (P < 0.05). Medial and lateral condyle from the control group did not differ significantly, while medial condyle from @entity571 group showed a high increase of bone volume (62.8 +/- 13.3) and consecutively different trabecular parameters when compared with the lateral condyle from the same group. Also, it was shown that there are regional differences (anterior, posterior, internal, and external) in bone parameters between both condyles within both, control and @entity571 groups. Comparison of bone parameters from three different stage of articular @entity528 (Mankin score) showed that higher degree of @entity528 is followed by significant changes in subchondral bone architecture. Furthermore, we have found that progression of @entity528 leads to changes in bone parameters which affected deeper levels of subchondral bone. According to these results, it can be suggested that changes in histomorphometric parameters of subchondral bone are secondary to cartilage damage and proceed deeper into subchondral bone with increasing @entity528 .

title: Changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone histomorphometry in osteoarthritic knee joints in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone or joint disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage degeneration']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Ten cases of thymic @entity1410 in young @entity235 (9-24 weeks of age) were reviewed. Anticoagulant rodenticide @entity8956 was confirmed in 5 cases. Histologically, @entity548 caused variable expansion of thymic lobules and interlobular septa. The medulla appeared to be the primary site of @entity548 . In areas of severe @entity548 , normal lobular architecture was lost and lymphocytes were admixed in the hemorrhagic exudate. @entity1333 , @entity39 of capillaries, and degeneration of the capsule were observed in infarcted areas. In 2 cases, angiofibroplasia indicated a longer interval between onset of thymic @entity548 and @entity204 . The lesions are similar to those in 5 cases of @entity548 . Appropriate samples were not available for anticoagulant rodenticide analysis in 3 of these 5 idiopathic cases. Lesions in confirmed cases of anticoagulant rodenticide @entity8956 also are compatible with published descriptions of @entity548 , but are inconsistent with normal thymic involution. Analysis for anticoagulant rodenticides is indicated in cases of thymic @entity1410 when an obvious cause is not detected at necropsy.

title: Thymic XXXX in juvenile @entity235 associated with anticoagulant rodenticide @entity8956 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'idiopathic and spontaneous thymic hemorrhage', 'idiopathic thymic hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8956 :: ('MESH:C565846', 'Disease') :: ['toxicosis']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: @entity924 or " @entity3331 " is an important cause of anterior knee @entity158 . The natural history, classification of the lesion, and treatment methods, however, remain controversial. This article presents a retrospective review of 40 @entity1 (50 knees) with various stages of @entity924 and examines the etiology, presentation, clinical picture, investigation, and results of conservative treatment. Twenty-nine @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ranging in age from 17-48 years comprised the study population. Ten @entity1 had bilateral involvement. The overall evaluation of @entity1 ' treatment was 70% with normal or nearly normal results and 30% with abnormal or very abnormal results; most required surgical treatment in the form of arthroscopy, anterior compartment decompression, and patellar tendon exploration. Thirty-seven percent of the @entity1 had a previous history of anterior knee @entity158 (25% had @entity6995 and 12.5% had anterior knee @entity158 ). Patellar tendon involvement is appraised according to a new concept. Since @entity924 is part of the wider picture of anterior knee @entity158 , @entity924 is classified as primary or secondary according to presentation, magnetic resonance imaging in general, and the pathology of the patellar tendon in particular. Treatment is planned accordingly.

title: @entity924 and anterior knee XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['Osgood-Schlatter disease']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Patellar tendonitis', 'patellar tendonitis']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ["jumper's knee"]

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A number of international scientific societies have recommended a core set of domains to be systematically assessed in clinical research studies on @entity571 ( @entity571 ), i.e., @entity158 , function, and @entity1 's overall assessment. This open, longitudinal, observational study compares the responsiveness of different symptomatic variables evaluating these 3 domains in knee @entity571 . METHODS: @entity1 were individuals with @entity158 . The collected data were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) @entity158 subscale (0-100) and WOMAC function subscale (0-100), Lequesne's index (0-100), @entity158 after physical activities (visual analog scale [VAS] 100 mm), and @entity1 's global assessment (VAS 100 mm). The procedure used was knee joint lovage. Time of collection was before and 1, 3, and 6 months after the lavage. Analysis was by comparison of the standardized response mean (mean of the changes/SD of the changes) in an intent-to-treat strategy after 1, 3, and 6 months using the jackknife method. RESULTS: Improvement in all dimensions of WOMAC subscale scores and VAS scores was observed at month 1. Lequesne's index was not responsive to change. The standardized response mean was moderate, ranging from 0.00 to 0.40. Comparison of the estimates of the standardized response means using the jackknife method showed a statistically significant difference between Lequesne's index and the WOMAC subscale for function, but not between VAS @entity158 and the WOMAC subscale for @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Most of the evaluated variables have a moderate responsiveness. In knee @entity571 , the WOMAC function scale seems to be more sensitive than Lequesne's index for detecting changes after symptomatic therapy.

title: Comparison of the responsiveness of symptomatic outcome measures in knee XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful knee OA']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose of @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) in combination with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (LV), using a biweekly LV5FU2 regimen and increasing doses of @entity2600 , and to assess the efficacy of this combination in pretreated @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 had metastatic @entity14 and a World Health Organization performance status of 0 or 1. @entity2600 was administered over a 90-minute infusion every 2 weeks at a range of dose levels (100, 120, 150, 180, 200, 220, and 260 mg/m(2)). LV5FU2 was started 1 hour after the end of the biweekly @entity2600 infusion and was also administered on day 2. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 were entered onto this trial; 549 cycles were administered. The MTD was not reached at 260 mg/m(2), and a dose level of 300 mg/m(2) was added. The MTD as defined in the protocol was not reached at this dose level either, but all @entity1 had cycles delayed and/or required a dose reduction. This dose was deemed to be the MTD. To take into account both the @entity137 of and compliance with the biweekly schedule, the recommended @entity2600 dose was established at 180 to 200 mg/m(2). Antitumor activity was observed at almost all dose levels, with an objective response rate of 22%. Median time to progression was 6.3 months and overall survival was 15 months. CONCLUSION: The biweekly @entity2600 /LV5FU2 combination is feasible and safe, without overlapping @entity137 . @entity2600 at 180 to 200 mg/m(2) in combination with LV5FU2 has been selected as the recommended dose for further studies.

title: Irinotecan combined with bolus XXXX , continuous infusion @entity1487 , and high-dose leucovorin every two weeks (LV5FU2 regimen): a clinical dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study in @entity1 with pretreated metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drug transporters govern the absorption, distribution, and elimination of pharmacologically active compounds. Members of the solute carrier and @entity855 binding-cassette drug transporter family mediate cellular drug uptake and efflux processes, thereby coordinating the vectorial movement of drugs across epithelial barriers. To exert their physiologic and pharmacological function in polarized epithelia, drug transporters must be targeted and stabilized to appropriate regions of the cell membrane (i.e., apical versus basolateral). Despite the critical importance of drug transporter membrane targeting, the mechanisms that underlie these processes are largely unknown. Several clinically significant drug transporters possess a recognition sequence that binds to PSD-95/ @entity238 discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) proteins. PDZ proteins, such as the @entity4024 / @entity8108 exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) family, act to stabilize and organize membrane targeting of multiple transmembrane proteins, including many clinically relevant drug transporters. These PDZ proteins are normally abundant at apical membranes, where they tether membrane-delimited transporters. NHERF expression is particularly high at the apical membrane in polarized tissue such as intestinal, hepatic, and renal epithelia, tissues important to drug disposition. Several recent studies have highlighted NHERF proteins as determinants of drug transporter function secondary to their role in controlling membrane abundance and localization. Mounting evidence strongly suggests that NHERF proteins may have clinically significant roles in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of several pharmacologically active compounds and may affect drug action in @entity5 and @entity740 . For these reasons, NHERF proteins represent a novel class of post-translational mediators of drug transport and novel targets for new drug development.

title: Drug Transporters and @entity4024 / @entity8108 + Exchange Regulatory Factor PSD-95/ XXXX Discs Large/ZO-1 Proteins.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3551 Background: The @entity5 -node- @entity3 staging system by the American Joint Committee on @entity5 defines internal iliac lymph nodes (LNs) as regional, and the other lateral pelvic LNs as distant in @entity5 . However, the prognostic differences according to the extent of lateral pelvic LN @entity3 are unknown. METHODS: Data of all @entity1 with stage I to III low @entity5 who underwent curative resection from 1978 to 1998 were extracted from the Multi-Institutional Registry of Large-Bowel @entity5 in Japan. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) were compared between @entity1 with only mesorectal LN @entity3 (mesorectal-LN), lateral pelvic LN @entity3 localized to the internal iliac area (internal-LPLN), and lateral pelvic LN @entity3 extending beyond the internal iliac area (external-LPLN). RESULTS: Among 11,567 @entity1 , lateral pelvic LN dissection was performed in 5,789 (50%) @entity1 . Mesorectal-LN, internal-LPLN, and external-LPLN were identified in 3,905 (34%), 411 (3.6%), and 244 (2.1%) @entity1 , respectively. @entity1349 and CSS became significantly poorer with advancement of the LN metastatic level. When the mesorectal LN group was subdivided as defined by AJCC (N1a: 1 regional LN @entity3 ; N1b: 2-3 metastases; N2a: 4-6 metastases; N2b: >= 7 metastases), both @entity1349 and CSS were not significantly different between the N2a and internal-LPLN groups (p = 0.9585 for @entity1349 and 0.5742 for CSS), or the N2b and external-LPLN groups (p = 0.3342 for @entity1349 and 0.4347 for CSS). @entity1349 and CSS were significantly better in the external-LPLN group than in 260 @entity1 with stage IV low @entity5 who underwent curative resection (p = 0.0240 for @entity1349 and 0.0117 for CSS). CONCLUSIONS: Lateral pelvic LNs can be considered as regional LNs in low @entity5 , although @entity3 extending beyond the internal iliac area is associated with poorer survival.

title: Results of a nationwide Japanese study on lateral pelvic lymph node @entity3 in low XXXX : Is it regional or distant disease?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nonmyeloablative, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haploidentical, T-cell-replete bone marrow transplantation followed by high-dose posttransplantation @entity786 (PT/Cy) has recently been developed. This transplantation milieu has resulted in favorable outcomes with low transplantation-related mortality, owing to a low incidence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), without @entity166 . However, the high relapse rate remains a major concern. We therefore performed a prospective pilot study of HLA haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) with intensified conditioning, followed by two lower doses of PT/Cy. A total of 20 @entity1 with refractory or poor-prognosis @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) and @entity1778 were enrolled in the study. A trend toward a lower incidence of grade III-IV acute @entity2132 at day 100 in the group receiving 25  mg/kg  *  2 doses of PT/Cy, compared with the group receiving 25  mg/kg of PT/Cy (9.1% vs. 33%, p = 0.20), was noted. However, the cumulative incidence of chronic @entity2132 was low, at 10% irrespective of PT/Cy dose. The number of infused @entity2280 (+) cells significantly correlated with the grade of acute @entity2132 (p = 0.004). In addition, the occurrence of @entity8999 @entity2335 was significantly more common in the double-dose PT/Cy group (25% vs. 0%, p = 0.043), especially when combined with @entity1863 . The probability of overall survival at 1  year in the double-dose group tended to be better compared with that in the single-dose group (64% vs. 44%, respectively; p = 0.20). In conclusion, HLA haploidentical, T-cell-replete PBSCT with 25  mg/kg  *  2 doses of PT/Cy might be a feasible option for treating @entity1778 and @entity2590 .

title: HLA haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation using reduced dose of posttransplantation @entity786 for poor-prognosis or @entity1778 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'high-risk leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['increased infectious complications']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: The behavior of @entity1388 ions in biological systems has advantages and problems. On one hand, @entity1388 could be a mitogenic stimulus for osteoblasts. However, high concentrations of this element can cause apoptosis in @entity35 and @entity19 osteoblasts. Toward an understanding of this effect, we examined the role of @entity3163 ( @entity7034 ) in two @entity19 calvaria osteoblasts during the mineralization process. The animals used were @entity28244 (C3) and C57BL/6J (B6) @entity19 . The calvaria cells were cultured for 28 days in the presence of several doses of @entity7034 (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 75  M), and we performed the assays: mineralized nodule measurements, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, determination of @entity5780 ( @entity5780 ) activity. The results showed no effects on alkaline phosphatase activity but decreased mineralized nodule formation. In B6 cells, the @entity7034 effect was already seen with 10  M of @entity7034 and a greater increase of cellular type I collagen, and @entity5780 activity was upregulated after 7 days of @entity7034 exposure. @entity28244 osteoblasts showed a reduction in the mineralization pattern only after 50  M of @entity7034 with a slight increase of type I collagen and downregulation of @entity5780 activity during the mineralization period. In conclusion, @entity1388 affects the production and degradation of the extracellular matrix during early onset and probably during the mineralization period. Additionally, the genetic factors may contribute to the variation in cell response to @entity1388 exposure, and the differences observed between the two strains could be explained by an alteration of the bone matrix metabolism (synthesis and degradation).

title: Differential effects of @entity1388 during osteoblasts mineralization in C57BL/6J and @entity28244 inbred strains of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity5780 :: ('17390(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-2', 'type I collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT: * Recently, the use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly @entity903 , in pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk on specific @entity600 or other adverse pregnancy outcomes. * However, the extent of SSRI use in pregnancy is largely unknown. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: * In the last decade the use of SSRIs in the year preceding delivery has increased twofold. * This increase runs parallel with the increase in use of SSRIs among @entity1 of fertile age. * @entity903 is one of the most commonly used SSRIs. * Only recently have sufficient data become available on the use of @entity903 to detect moderate increased risks for specific @entity600 . * The safety of SSRIs which are less frequently used is not yet established. * Case-control birth defect-monitoring systems may be helpful in providing safety and risk estimates that become more precise as data accumulate for these drugs. AIMS: Recent case-control studies suggest a relationship between the use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the occurrence of @entity600 and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim was to determine the extent of the use of SSRIs before and during pregnancy and its trend over the years 1995-2004 in the Netherlands. METHODS: The study was performed with data from a population-based prescription database. Within this database, @entity1 giving birth to a @entity1 between 1995 and 2004 were identified. The exposure rate and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as the number of pregnancies per 1000 that were exposed to an SSRI in a defined period (per trimester or in the year preceding delivery). Exposure rates were calculated for 2-year periods: 1995/1996, 1997/1998, 1999/2000, 2001/2002 and 2003/2004. Trends in exposure rates were analysed using the chi(2) test for trend. RESULTS: Included were 14,902 pregnancies for which complete pharmacy records were available from 3 months before pregnancy until delivery. A total of 310 pregnancies were exposed to an SSRI in the year preceding delivery. The exposure rate increased from 12.2 (95% CI 7.0, 19.8) in 1995/1996 to 28.5 (95% CI 23.0, 34.9) in 2003/2004. CONCLUSION: There has been a significant increase in the use of SSRIs among pregnant @entity1 in the Netherlands over the last 10 years, parallel with the increase in exposure in @entity1 of fertile age. In light of the recent warnings about the use of SSRIs in pregnancy, healthcare professionals should be careful in prescribing SSRIs to @entity1 planning a pregnancy.

title: Increase in use of selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy during the last decade, a population-based cohort study from the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['Paroxetine', 'paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'birth defects']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: New implantable devices are now available that can offer different therapies for different @entity943 but they need a method of discriminating between these rhythms. Heart rate analysis is predominantly used to discern between sinus rhythm (SR) and pathological @entity591 but this may be of limited value when the rates of the rhythms are similar. An enhanced form of Gradient Pattern Detection (GPD) has been developed using an 8-bit microcomputer that can distinguish between SR and up to three other @entity943 in real time. This is a method based on electrogram morphology where each rhythm's specific electrogram is classified by a sequence of gradient 'zones'. The microprocessor of the computer is of similar processing power to ones used in current pacemakers. Five @entity1 with multiple @entity943 were studied. Four had @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and one had three conduction patterns during @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ). Bipolar endocardial right ventricular electrograms were recorded during SR and @entity591 in all @entity1 . The computer would first 'learn' about each different rhythm by a semi-automatic means. Once all the rhythms were learned the program would enter the GPD analysis phase. The computer would output a series of real-time rhythm specific marker codes onto a chart recorder as it recognized each rhythm. Sixteen different @entity943 (13 @entity1165 , 3 @entity4710 ) were examined for this study. All rhythms (including SR) were distinguished from each other except in the case of one @entity1 with six VTs where two VTs had identical shapes and therefore could not be detected apart. The method would be a useful addition to heart rate analysis for future generations of microprocessor assisted pacemakers.

title: Recognition of multiple XXXX by rate-independent means using a small microcomputer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: An Egyptian female with night sweats, @entity10 , and back @entity158 was diagnosed with @entity697 one week after returning from a North African country. Humoral immune responses to specific immunogenic proteins were investigated before and after treatment. ELISA was performed to detect levels of specific antibody (Ab) titers. Immunoblot analysis of Ab recognizing specific Brucella antigenic bands was also performed. IgA was detected on the day of disease onset. Specific agglutination titer was 1:160; it doubled three days later and treatment was implemented. Blood culture yielded Gram-negative coccobacilli after one month, confirmed as @entity6467 by AMOS-PCR. Immunoblotting revealed IgM Abs against two protein bands of 112 and 130-kDa observed only during the acute stage. On the other hand, the intensity of IgG Abs against 21 and 21.5-kDa protein bands positively correlated with the time of convalescence. Based on our observations we conclude that specific IgA levels may be used as an early diagnostic marker for Brucella and high molecular weight protein bands may be useful in the differentiation between acute and chronic @entity3377 .

title: Specific IgA antibodies in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute brucellosis']