abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity1 ' perceptions of 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster for treatment of chronic @entity9 in daily clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a prospective, multicentre, non-interventional observation, @entity1 -reported outcome data were collected in clinical practices in Germany using the German @entity158 Questionnaire for pre-treatment documentation and the German @entity158 Diary for documentation of weekly treatment-associated changes. Questionnaires were completed by the @entity1 without input from their physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean changes over the 12-week treatment period in @entity158 intensity, in impairments of daily activities (modified @entity158 disability index, mPDI) and of quality of life (quality of @entity73 by @entity158 inventory, QLIP), in Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale scores (HADS-A and HADS-D), and in overall burden of @entity158 . RESULTS: Data of 922 @entity1 were evaluated. Mean average @entity158 intensity over 24   h improved by 5.1 points (74%) from 6.9        1.6 points at baseline. A 30% reduction in overall @entity158 intensity was already observed within the first 2-3 weeks with continuous further reductions until end of observation. Marked improvements in @entity148 and @entity308 scores (40% and 52%, respectively), and in @entity158 -related restrictions in daily life activities (66%) and quality of life (157%) were also noted. Burden of @entity158 was reduced by 56.2 points (73%) from 77.5 points at baseline. Stratification by diagnosis showed a treatment effect of @entity3303 plaster for all underlying conditions with highest treatment effects for @entity3949 and @entity14000 . CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity1 population where 46% of individuals already suffered from chronic to markedly @entity1118 , @entity1 perceive the 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster as an efficacious topical treatment of chronic @entity9 in daily clinical practice. @entity158 relief as well as associated improvements in @entity158 -related restrictions were observed within the first five treatment weeks; however, beneficial effects continued until end of observation.

title: XXXX perceptions associated with the 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster in daily practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['life impairment']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'Strongest pain']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: The relationship of future clinical coronary @entity299 (C.H.D.) to the plasma-high-density-lipoprotein (H.D.L.)- @entity165 concentration has been examined in a 2-year case-control follow-up study of 6595 @entity1 aged 20-49 years living in the municipality of Troms  , Norway. Measurements were also made of the @entity165 concentration in lower-density (i.e., density less than 1-603 g/ml) lipoproteins, plasma- @entity1674 , systolic and diastolic blood-pressures, relative body-weight, and cigarette consumption. Discriminant-function analysis showed that coronary risk was inversely related to H.D.L.- @entity165 concentration and directly related to density less than 1-063 @entity165 . These relationships were independent of each other and of the other measured variables, which showed no significant differences between the cases and controls. H.D.L. @entity165 made a three-fold greater contribution to the prediction of future C.H.D. than did density less than 1-063 @entity165 in this cohort of young @entity1 . These findings support the proposal that a low H.D.L. concentration is a common antecedent of clinical C.H.D. and is important in accelerating the progression of @entity453 .

title: The Troms   heart-study. High-density lipoprotein and coronary XXXX : a prospective case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart-disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart-disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The majority of ghrelin producing cells (GPC) are present in the fundic gland of the stomach and recognized as X/A like cells. The detailed distribution of GPC in the stomach is still unknown in healthy and pathological subjects. METHODS: We investigated the detailed distribution of GPC in the stomach, especially in relation with @entity102 , using surgical specimens from 12 @entity1 with early @entity356 . Either the anterior or posterior half of the whole stomach, which was a counterpart of the @entity5 bearing side, was subjected for immunohistochemistry of ghrelin, and the number of total GPC were semi quantitatively evaluated as GPC score. GPC score was compared with the degree of @entity102 , serum ghrelin concentration and body weight. RESULTS: GPC was not observed in the pyloric gland, but heterogeneously distributed in the fundic gland mainly in upper body and the greater curvature. The GPC score showed about nine-fold difference, which correlated well with the degree of @entity102 by Sydney score (r  =  -0.84, P  <  0.001). The serum ghrelin concentration was basically determined by the GPC score (r  =  0.75, P  =  0.0047); however, the @entity28 @entity1 showed low serum ghrelin concentration in spite of the presence of abundant GPCs. In the low GPC score patients, serum ghrelin was constantly low regardless of their body weight. CONCLUSIONS: GPC was inversely correlated with progression of @entity102 . Its quantification using immunohistochemistry of the whole stomach was useful to comprehensively evaluate ghrelin profile.

title: Mapping analysis of ghrelin producing cells in the @entity1 stomach associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['chronic gastritis and early cancers']


abstract: In 1976, Popovich et al. described a technique of peritoneal dialysis using bottled dialysate. Later Oreopoulos et al. modified the technique by using plastic bags. But @entity298 still is a major and potentially serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. We have evaluated a) microbiologic diagnostic methods for @entity298 , b) incidence of etiologic agents, and c) the evolution during antimicrobial treatment. Eighteen @entity1 with @entity177 of diverse causes were followed from initiation of the CAPD program since January 1981 until June 1988. There were 80 episodes of @entity298 during 17 @entity1 -years of dialysis with an overall incidence of @entity298 of 4.7 episodes/ @entity1 -year. The total volume centrifuged technique and culture of sediment showed a sensibility of 85% in 73 episodes where cultures were obtained. The 59.1% of episodes of @entity298 were caused by gram negative bacilli; 11.6% were due to @entity2364 and Gram positive cocci accounted for 37.3%. These results are different from those found in other countries because most of our @entity1 had received antimicrobial agents which probably changed their body flora, some did not have manual ability, others were of @entity1835 @entity10281 habits and finally, all of them had frequent contact with hospital environment. The species most frequently isolated were coagulase negative staphylococci (12.8%), probably from @entity1 ' skin flora. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Microbiological and clinical evaluation].

entities_list: @entity2364 :: ('471', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter calcoaceticus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis', 'infectious peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Peritonitis']


abstract: It has been suggested that changes in endogenous glutamatergic stimulation of secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) induced by photoperiod play a role in regulating seasonal cycles of reproductive activity. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the glutamatergic control of the secretion of LH in the male @entity329 is sensitive to photoperiod, by determining whether the @entity2227 agonist @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) could stimulate LH secretion in this species and, if so, to determine whether the response varied among animals exposed to different daylengths. In the first experiment, adult male hamsters were housed in either short day (8 h light: 16 h dark) for 6 weeks to induce testicular regression, or long days (16 h light: 8 h dark) to maintain testicular function, and the effects of systemic administration of @entity143 on serum LH concentrations were determined. In the short-day hamsters, all s.c. doses of @entity143 (25-75 mg kg-1 body weight) produced a robust rise in serum LH concentrations within 15 min. In the long-day hamsters, basal LH concentrations were higher than in short-day hamsters, but only the highest dose of @entity143 produced a significant increase in LH concentrations, and the magnitude of this increment was less than those observed in short days. In hamsters in long days, the low doses of @entity143 that did not significantly alter LH concentrations nevertheless significantly suppressed serum prolactin concentrations, demonstrating the efficacy of the drug. In hamsters in short days, serum prolactin concentrations were at the limit of detection of the assay, so no inhibitory effect of @entity143 on prolactin secretion could be determined on this photoperiod. In the second experiment, the effects of a fixed dose of @entity143 (50 mg kg-1 body weight) was tested at intervals in hamsters exposed to short days for a prolonged period such that their testes initially regressed, but then became scotorefractory and testicular recrudescence occurred. After 6 and 12 weeks in short days, @entity143 stimulated LH secretion. However, after 24 weeks in short days when testicular recrudescence was complete, the response to @entity143 was lost. A third experiment determined whether the reduced response to @entity143 in hamsters on long days relative to those in short days might result from higher concentrations of circulating @entity251 . Hamsters in long days were castrated to remove the influence of gonadal feedback, and the response to @entity143 tested 3 weeks later when endogenous LH concentrations had risen to levels characteristic of the chronically castrated condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Photoperiodic regulation of glutamatergic stimulation of secretion of luteinizing hormone in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: Tumor trailing techniques have been proposed as a method of reducing the problem of intrafraction motion in radiotherapy. However the dosimetric assessment of trailing strategies is complicated by the requirement to study dose deposition over a full fraction delivery. Common 4D planning strategies allowing assessment of dosimetric motion effects study a single cycle acquired with 4DCT. In this paper, a methodology to assess dose deposited over an entire treatment course is advanced and used to assess the potential benefit of @entity5 trailing strategies for @entity2 @entity1 . Two digital phantoms mimicking @entity1 anatomy were each programmed to follow the @entity5 respiratory trajectory observed from 33 @entity2 @entity1 . The two phantoms were designed to represent the cases of a small (volume = 13.6 cm3) and large (volume = 181.7 cm3) lung lesion. Motion margins required to obtain CTV coverage by 95% of the prescription dose to 90% of the available cases were computed for a standard treatment strategy and a trailing treatment strategy. The trailing strategy facilitated a margin reduction of over 30% relative to the conventional delivery. When the dose was computed across the entire delivery for the 33 cases, the trailing strategy was found to significantly reduce the underdosage to the outlier cases and the reduced trailing margin facilitated a 15% (small lesion) and 4% (large lesion) reduction for the mean lung dose and 7% (small lesion) and 10% (large lesion) for the mean esophagus dose. Finally, for comparison an ideal continuous tracking strategy was assessed and found to further reduce the mean lung and esophagus dose. However, this improvement comes at the price of increased delivery complexity and increased reliance on @entity5 localization accuracy.

title: 4D planning over the full course of fractionation: assessment of the benefit of XXXX trailing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the non-cognitive symptoms in 153 consecutive @entity303 @entity1 admitted to our @entity146 ward or seen at the gerontopsychiatric ambulance and Memory Clinic. METHODS: We used the Global Deterioration Scale, the Hachinski Ischaemia Score, the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for @entity308 , and the Mini-Mental State Exam as staging tools in a cross-sectional design. A semi-quantitative 34-item questionnaire based on the Columbia University Scale for Psychopathology was employed to assess non-cognitive symptoms as reported by caregivers. RESULTS: All @entity1 had disturbances of affect, 95% of behavior and 71% of motivation, while 52% and 29% had delusions and @entity1833 , respectively. @entity8143 , but not @entity1833 , were correlated with verbal and physical @entity146 . Factor analysis extracted three complex variables which accounted for 40.6 percent of the observed total variance, and which were subsequently interpreted as manifestations of @entity2146 , @entity146 , and @entity308 . Using these variables, we then identified three categories of @entity1 : Agitated, debilitated, and @entity308 . @entity308 and @entity148 were most common 3-4 years after diagnosis. @entity1 with @entity195 had less severe behavioral and @entity716 than those with other types of @entity303 . Agitation, @entity308 , and loss of competence in daily living had a greater impact on caregivers than aggression and @entity716 . CONCLUSION: The non-cognitive symptom profile is related to the type of @entity303 , and shifts dynamically with disease progression.

title: [Non-cognitive symptom profiles in XXXX --experience from @entity146 services and memory clinics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressive-anxious']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'burdensome behavior', 'aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['Delusions']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: In this study, the perinatal mortality is presented in 2009 compared to 1998. Changing patterns of the perinatal mortality rate (PNMR), the @entity2209 rate (SBR), early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) and the causes of the perinatal mortality in Zekai Tahir Burak @entity1 's Health Education and Research Hospital (ZTBH) were described. This is the largest maternity hospital of Ankara in the central Anatolian region of @entity233 . The total deliveries were 22,777 and 18,567 in 1998 and 2009, respectively. PNMR was 27.7 per 1000, and SBR was 23.7 per 1000 total births. ENMR was 4 per 1000 in 1998. PNMR is 20.7 per 1000, and SBR was 16.3 per 1000 and ENMR was 4.6 per 1000 total births in 2009. It is important to know the causes of mortality. In this study, the causes of perinatal deaths were classified according to the Wigglesworth classification. Antepartum @entity2209 (62.3%) was the most frequent cause in 1998. Perinatal @entity1763 is the majority (46.6%) of the perinatal deaths in 2009. This study shows that even prenatal care is getting better, obstetric care as well as close follow-up throughout the intrapartum period and diminishing the preterm delivery rate is also important for preventing and reducing perinatal mortality.

title: The changing pattern of perinatal mortality and causes of death in central Anatolian region of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study was done to assess the sensitivity, specificity, ease of examination, and limitations of hydrocolonic sonography (HCS) to evaluate a heterogeneous spectrum of @entity1049 . METHODS: In a prospective study, 100 @entity1 (53 male, 47 female) with clinical suspicion of @entity1049 were examined by conventional abdominal sonography, HCS, and colonoscopy on the same day. The @entity1 then underwent appropriately planned barium studies. Histopathologic diagnosis was established by colonoscopic/excision biopsies or fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) whenever indicated and results correlated. RESULTS: In 94% of @entity1 , it was possible to evaluate the entire colon from the rectosigmoid junction to the cecum. Redundant parts of the colon were not well evaluated by this technique. The rectum could not be adequately evaluated, and rectal examination was not included in the study. HCS can evaluate in great detail both the colonic lumen and wall and, hence, could suggest the nature of the lesion in the majority (87.9%) of cases based on characteristic changes in wall stratification, echogenicity, lumenal changes, and site and length of involvement, although distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions was not always possible. In 93% of @entity1 with @entity1960 / @entity30 , the normal wall stratification was no longer in evidence, with moderate hypoechoic thickening of the wall (average = 8.34 mm). Malignant lesions (93.7%) showed grossly thickened bowel wall with loss of stratification and hypoechoic/heterogeneous echo texture. Intralumenal polypoid masses also were seen in 87.5% of cases, and there was extension beyond the adventitia and involvement of pericolonic tissues in 75% of cases. All @entity1 with @entity31 had only mild hypoechoic wall thickening; the five-layer structure could be clearly discerned in 87.5% of cases. HCS had an overall sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 94.7% in this study. CONCLUSIONS: HCS can be advantageously used for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of inflammatory and malignant @entity1049 and also for follow-up of @entity1 with chronic inflammatory large bowel diseases such as @entity31 .

title: Hydrocolonic sonography in the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolitis']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disorders', 'colonic lesions', 'colonic abnormality']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['colonic lesions']


abstract: The @entity470 / @entity1783 -B receptor @entity669 kinases each play distinct and complementary roles in normal breast development. The four receptors form both homodimers and heterodimers in response to binding by ligands which show selectivity for one or more of the receptors (except @entity1722 ). Together with the additional flexibility generated by the formation of different dimer pairs, these signalling networks play key roles in directing a variety of both autocrine and paracrine cellular responses. Complex two-way interactions between mammary epithelial cells and the surrounding stroma direct proliferation, duct formation, branching and terminal differentiation during puberty, pregnancy and lactation, with each receptor and ligand fulfilling distinct roles. Caricatures of the normal role of @entity470 / @entity470 signalling resulting in aberrant cellular responses are seen in @entity0 , where over-expression and/or (less commonly) mutation of one or more of the receptors results in enhanced cell proliferation, motility, release of proteases and angiogenic factors. Given their importance in @entity5 progression, compared with most normal adult tissues and their links with resistance to chemotherapy and anti-endocrine therapy, @entity1783 -B receptors (most notably @entity1722 ) have been exploited as therapeutic targets. Monoclonal antibodies (e.g. trastuzumab, pertuzumab) and small molecule @entity669 kinase inhibitors (e.g. @entity9433 , @entity12379 ) have shown significant clinical responses in some @entity0 subtypes. Additional approaches include targeted toxins or drugs, peptide vaccines, immunRNase and chaperone inhibitors to deplete @entity1722 protein levels. Greater understanding of the full spectrum of @entity1783 -B-mediated signalling pathways and their misregulation in @entity0 will provide additional strategies to control malignant progression.

title: The @entity470 / XXXX /HER family in normal and malignant breast biology.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['Erb-B']


abstract: The effect of the presence of either chronic or acute clinical @entity158 on @entity158 threshold and on the nociceptive flexion reflex (RIII) threshold was studied. The experimental @entity158 sensation and the flexion reflex were evoked by trains of short electrical pulses. It was hypothesized that both kinds of clinical @entity158 would be able to induce 'diffuse noxious inhibitory controls' (DNIC) and thereby raise the 2 experimental thresholds. @entity1 with @entity1643 , @entity1 with @entity282 from oral surgery, and @entity158 -free subjects were tested in 3 conditions: during baseline, after i.v. administration of a placebo, and after i.v. administration of @entity1510 . In comparison with 2 @entity158 -free control groups, the 2 @entity158 groups had a significantly higher @entity158 threshold in all conditions. However, the RIII threshold was not significantly elevated in chronic or acute @entity158 @entity1 compared to controls. @entity1510 had no effect on the RIII or @entity158 threshold in any of the groups. It is concluded that the @entity158 threshold which is frequently found in @entity1118 @entity1 , and which could be confirmed in the present study, does not result from a DNIC effect. The adaptation level theory offers an alternative explanation. Also, the @entity282 in this study did not seem to induce DNIC. Because other forms of acute @entity158 have been found to be effective in activating DNIC, future research should establish which @entity158 are and which @entity158 are not effective.

title: Chronic back pain, XXXX and the activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'pain', 'pains']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['acute postoperative pain', 'postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['acute postoperative pain']


abstract: The metabolic effects of intravenous infusion of @entity413 , @entity948 , @entity5121 or @entity8372 were investigated using @entity1 volunteers. The infusion period was 4 hours or 48 hours. Serum @entity1391 concentration decreased quickly and independent on the kind of the @entity1735 used. On the other hand, the serum concentration of @entity972 or @entity1372 did not show any greater deviations from normal. Considering the renal excretion, greater differences between the single substances were seen. Renal @entity972 excretion was increased especially during @entity8372 infusions, and not as much during @entity5121 infusions, as compared to infusions with @entity413 or with @entity948 . These differences were demonstrated especially for the first 12 hours of the infusions periond. During the infusions of @entity413 or of @entity948 an oral substitution of the electrolytes was suggicient. However, during @entity8372 infusions an intravenous substitution of @entity972 salts was necessary, despite the fact that the changes in serum concentration were only small. It is emphasized to carefully monitor serum electrolyte concentration and renal electrolyte excretion during long lasting intravenous infusions therapy.

title: [Changes in serum electrolyte concentration and electrolyte excretion induced through infusion of @entity413 or XXXX -exchange substances].

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The authors report three cases of @entity849 in adults over 50 years of age treated by percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. Three symptomatic @entity1 aged 74, 80 and 51, had systolic pressure gradients ranging from 107 to 113 mmHg between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. After valvuloplasty with two balloons or one trefoil balloon, the transvalvular pressure gradient fell to 25 to 30 mmHg. It was only 14 mmHg in one @entity1 controlled after one year's follow-up. The cardiac index was initially decreased and did not change very much immediately after the procedure, increasing from 1.68 1/m2/mn to 1.77 1/m2/mn. The pulmonary valve surface area increased from 0.22 to 0.43 cm2. There were no complications and in one @entity1 , reviewed two years later, the clinical improvement was maintained. Percutaneous valvuloplasty is indicated in severe and/or poorly tolerated @entity849 . With the 10 other previously reported cases of @entity1 over 50 years of age, the procedure was successful in 12 out of 13 @entity1 (92%). In these @entity1 of 51 to 80 years of age, the systolic pressure gradient between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery was reduced from 112 +/- 46 mmHg to 43 +/- 26 mmHg (-62%). Slight @entity338 appeared in 5 out of 9 cases. Valvuloplasty was usually well tolerated and there were no fatalities. There were no signs of @entity256 in 5 cases controlled 10 days to 1 year after dilatation. In the future, systematic Doppler echocardiographic examinations should help comparison of cardiac haemodynamics before, immediately after valvuloplasty and at long-term.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Percutaneous valvuloplasty of XXXX in adults over 50 years of age].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis', 'congenital pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['congenital pulmonary stenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A total of 235 @entity1 with diagnoses of @entity195 together with @entity716 and/or affective symptomatology, as well as behavioral disturbances was included in an open label postmarketing surveillance study. The study objectives were to asses: 1) @entity1090 efficiency in @entity716 and affective symptomatology and behavioral disturbances; 2) @entity1090 influence in the @entity1 's performance, 3) dosage range at which efficiency is observed; and 4) safety in this group of @entity1 . @entity1 were observed during a six month period. @entity1090 was used at a mean dosage of 1.23 +/- 0.86 mg daily (range: 0.5-4.5 mg daily). MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1090 was assessed by the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), @entity308 ( @entity308 ), @entity146 Inventory (NPI), Clinical Deterioration Rating (CDR), UKU subscale for neurological side effects and spontaneous reports. @entity1 were evaluated at baseline, 15 days and months 1, 2, 4 and 6. Sixteen @entity1 (6.8%) were excluded from the statistical analysis due to protocol violation. Fifty four @entity1 (24.7%) dropped out. RESULTS: @entity1090 produced a significant improvement in the mean total scores of CGI, NPI, @entity308 ( @entity1 's satisfaction, hope.) and CDR (judgment and problem solving, community affairs, hobbies.) scales. @entity21 improved from day 15 onwards in @entity1 who had received antipsychotic treatment previously; in naive treated @entity1 these symptoms did not change during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1090 was well tolerated. Only 6 (2. 7%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events. Ninety seven percent of the @entity1 did not suffer any adverse event; the resting 2.7% suffered one or more side effects: sedation (1.4%), @entity1142 (0.5%) and @entity391 (0.5%) among others.

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of @entity716 , affective and behavioral symptoms associated to @entity195 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Geriatric Depression Scale', 'GDS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's dementia"]

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['Risperidone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2173 ( @entity2173 ) is an @entity74 characterized by xerosis, ultraviolet light sensitivity, and @entity7255 . Due to defects in their DNA repair mechanism, genetic mutations and carcinogenesis inevitably occurs in almost all @entity1 . In these @entity1 , reconstruction of cutaneous @entity5 in the head and neck area is associated with some challenges such as likelihood of recurrence and an aggressive clinical course. The aim of this study is to discuss the therapeutic options and challenges commonly seen during the course of treatment. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2015, 11 @entity2173 @entity1 with head and neck cutaneous @entity5 were included in this study. Demographic data and treatment options of the @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 32 years (range, 10-43) (4 males, 7 females). The most common @entity5 type and location were @entity957 (6 @entity1 ) and the orbital region (4 @entity1 ), respectively. Free tissue transfer was the most commonly performed surgical intervention (4 @entity1 ). The average number of surgical procedures was 5.5 (range, 1-25). Six @entity1 were siblings with each other, 5 @entity1 had local recurrences, and one @entity1 was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Although genetic components of the disease have been elucidated, there is no definitive treatment algorithm. Early surgical intervention and close follow-up are the gold standard modalities due to the tendency toward rapid @entity5 growth and possible recurrence. Treatment must be individualized for each @entity1 . In addition, the @entity66 is an important issue for both @entity1 and families.

title: Technical Aspects and Difficulties in the Management of Head and Neck XXXX in @entity2173 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['psychological aspect of the disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7255 :: ('MESH:D018366', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous dyspigmentation']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['XP', 'Xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Malignancies']


abstract: @entity735 of the @entity1 vestibuloocular reflex during @entity400 and active @entity717 . The effect of vertical eye-in-head position on the compensatory eye rotation response to @entity400 and active high acceleration @entity717 was examined in eight normal @entity1 subjects. The stimuli consisted of brief, low amplitude (15-25 degrees ), high acceleration (4,000-6,000 degrees /s2) @entity717 with respect to the trunk (peak velocity was 150-350 degrees /s). Eye and @entity717 were recorded in three-dimensional space using the magnetic search coil technique. The input-output kinematics of the three-dimensional vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) were assessed by finding the difference between the inverted eye velocity vector and the head velocity vector (both referenced to a head-fixed coordinate system) as a time series. During @entity400 head impulses, the head and eye velocity axes aligned well with each other for the first 47 ms after the onset of the stimulus, regardless of vertical eye-in-head position. After the initial 47-ms period, the degree of alignment of the eye and head velocity axes was modulated by vertical eye-in-head position. When fixation was on a target 20 degrees up, the eye and head velocity axes remained well aligned with each other. However, when fixation was on targets at 0 and 20 degrees down, the eye velocity @entity2270 tilted forward relative to the head velocity @entity2270 . During active head impulses, the @entity2270 tilt became apparent within 5 ms of the onset of the stimulus. When fixation was on a target at 0 degrees, the velocity axes remained well aligned with each other. When fixation was on a target 20 degrees up, the eye velocity @entity2270 tilted backward, when fixation was on a target 20 degrees down, the eye velocity @entity2270 tilted forward. The findings show that the VOR compensates very well for head motion in the early part of the response to unpredictable high acceleration stimuli-the eye position- dependence of the VOR does not become apparent until 47 ms after the onset of the stimulus. In contrast, the response to active high acceleration stimuli shows eye position-dependence from within 5 ms of the onset of the stimulus. A model using a VOR-Listing's law compromise strategy did not accurately predict the patterns observed in the data, raising questions about how the eye position-dependence of the VOR is generated. We suggest, in view of recent findings, that the phenomenon could arise due to the effects of fibromuscular pulleys on the functional pulling directions of the rectus muscles.

title: @entity735 of the @entity1 vestibuloocular reflex during XXXX and active @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Vertical eye position-dependence']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotations', 'yaw head rotations']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['passive']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity162 represents a major public health concern and, despite treatment, is characterized by recurring episodes of @entity162 , @entity308 , or mixed states. Prevention of relapse or recurrence is a primary treatment objective in the management of the disorder. The objective of the current study was to identify predictors of relapse/recurrence in @entity1 with @entity162 treated with @entity1037 , @entity1091 , @entity1092 , or @entity1037 plus @entity1092 / @entity1091 . METHODS: Data from four clinical trials studying the efficacy of @entity1037 compared to placebo and active comparators ( @entity1091 , @entity1092 , @entity1037 plus @entity1092 / @entity1091 ) for @entity162 were pooled for this analysis. @entity1 achieving remission after pharmacological treatment and entering randomized double-blind maintenance phase for 44 to 72 weeks were included. Cox Proportional Hazard models and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to determine predictors of relapse/recurrence for the pooled data and within each treatment group. RESULTS: A total of 929 @entity1 meeting the criteria for remission and followed by maintenance treatment were included in this analysis, and 427 @entity1 (46.0%) experienced symptomatic relapse/recurrence during the follow-up period. A 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21) total score<4, gender, rapid cycling and treatment emerged as significant predictors of relapse/recurrence and may be generalized to treatment with @entity1037 and to some extent to treatment with @entity1091 and @entity1092 . The results on treatment-specific predictors of relapse/recurrence are considered to be exploratory and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION: The major findings from this study suggest that a HAMD-21 total score<4 may be a better predictor of maintenance of remission in @entity162 @entity1 than HAMD-21 total score<8. The prophylactic effect of @entity1037 , @entity1091 , @entity1092 , @entity1037 plus @entity1092 or @entity1091 , and placebo was assessed and baseline predictors of relapse/recurrence were identified.

title: Predictors of relapse or recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar I', 'bipolar I disorder', 'Bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['divalproex']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar I disorder']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Comparison of occlusion of lumbar arteries in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with @entity1 -reported @entity13549 symptoms during a 3-year follow-up. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether occlusion of lumbar arteries is associated with subjective @entity2531 and physical ability among @entity13549 @entity1 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cadaveric studies indicate that @entity731 manifestations of the abdominal aorta are associated with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). Impaired blood flow may disturb diffusion of nutrients into the disc, causing @entity615 . METHODS: Two-dimensional time-of-flight MRA was used to evaluate lumbar arteries at baseline and 3 years. The arteries on both sides (L1-L4) were evaluated visually and scored as normal, narrowed, or occluded. Incidence of new @entity850 was estimated. The associations of @entity850 with self-reported previous medical consultations, @entity158 duration through the first year, and number of @entity158 episodes through the last 2 years of follow-up were calculated. Additionally, @entity615 (10-cm VAS), disability (Oswestry), and self-reported physical ability (self-efficacy) were inquired at 1, 2, and 3 years. In the statistical analysis, bivariate correlation, and the chi or Fisher's test were used. RESULTS: MRA was obtained at baseline for 147 @entity1 and at 3 years for 134 @entity1 . Baseline @entity850 associated with @entity615 at 1 year, leg @entity158 at 2 years, and self-efficacy at every follow-up assessment, but not with disability, previous @entity1643 history, or future @entity158 episodes. The associations of @entity850 at 3 years were similar but weaker. Newly formed @entity850 was associated with the preceding year's medical consultations due to @entity1643 and prolonged @entity1643 during the first follow-up year. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2791 is associated strongly and consistently with @entity1 -estimated physical ability,but only slightly with subjective @entity2531 . Interestingly, new @entity850 is preceded by @entity2531 . The evaluation of lumbar blood flow may thus be useful in clinical practice.

title: Three-year follow-up of lumbar artery occlusion with magnetic resonance angiography in @entity1 with XXXX : associations between occlusion and @entity1 -reported symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration and possibly back pain', 'leg and back pain', 'intensity of back pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain symptoms']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity13549 :: (MESH:D012585,Disease) :: ['sciatica']


abstract: This study tested the effectiveness of a @entity544 cooling device in reducing heat strain for workers in a hot and humid environment. Ten @entity1 completed two trials in an environment of 30 degrees C WBGT (75% relative humidity) with a novel liquid @entity544 cooling shirt (CC) or no cooling (NC) in a randomized order. Mean time-weighted workload for each individual equaled 465 W (400 Kcals. h(-1)). In the CC condition, the work time was significantly increased by 32% (97 +/- 36 min) compared with NC (74 +/- 26 min) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean skin temperature over the trials. Rectal temperature (T(re)) was significantly different after 50 min (p < 0.05). Mean heart rate, the delta T(re) increase rate, and heat storage at 55 min (last point with n = 8) were significantly lower in CC (p < 0.05). Overall heat storage was 54 +/- 41 W and 72 +/- 40 W for CC and NC, respectively (p < 0.05). @entity1 also indicated favorable subjective responses for CC vs. NC (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that this novel cooling device would effectively attenuate heat strain and increase work productivity for personnel working in a hot and humid environment. Practical aspects of use such as cost, convenience, weight, cooling duration, and rise in ambient @entity515 concentration in confined spaces must also be considered.

title: Evaluation of a XXXX personal cooling device for workers in hot environments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: A wealth of data implicates that @entity470 receptors have essential roles in @entity5 development. Probiotic bacteria are known to exert an anticancer activity in animal studies. Bacillus polyfermenticus (B.P.), a probiotic bacterium, has been clinically used for a variety of @entity344 in East Asia. Here, we investigated the effect of B.P. on the growth of @entity5 and its putative mechanism of actions. Conditioned medium of B.P. cultures (B.P. CM) inhibited the growth of @entity1 @entity694 cells including HT-29, DLD-1 and Caco-2 cells. Moreover, B.P. CM suppressed colony formation of HT-29 cells cultured on soft agar and reduced carcinogen-induced colony formation of normal colonocytes. Furthermore, data from the @entity19 xenograft model of @entity1 @entity694 cells showed reduced @entity5 size in B.P. CM-injected @entity19 when compared to @entity526 conditioned medium-injected @entity19 . Exposure of B.P. CM to HT-29 cells for 24 hr, 48 hr and 2 weeks reduced @entity1722 and @entity7514 protein expression as well as mRNA levels. Moreover, @entity4910 expression that is required for @entity470 -dependent cell transformation was decreased by B.P. CM. Furthermore, transcription factor @entity16262 that regulates @entity4910 expression was also decreased by B.P. CM. These results show that B.P. inhibits @entity5 growth and its anticancer activity occurs, at least in part, through suppressing @entity1722 and @entity7514 . Taken together, our study suggests that this probiotic may be clinically used as a prophylactic treatment to prevent @entity694 development.

title: The anticancer effect of probiotic Bacillus polyfermenticus on XXXX @entity694 cells is mediated through @entity1722 and @entity7514 inhibition.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We had previously reported that serum @entity443 ( @entity443 ) decreases and serum non- @entity443 -bound @entity251 (T) and free T increase significantly from infancy to late prepuberty in normal prepubertal @entity1 of both sexes. We had also shown an age-related delay in these changes in hypopituitary @entity1 , which was reversed by GH treatment. Stunted growth and delayed @entity1175 are conspicuous features of @entity177 ( @entity177 ). As another model of delay of growth and development, serum @entity443 and serum T fractions were determined in 13 @entity1 with @entity177 on chronic dialysis. In @entity177 , mean serum @entity443 was significantly higher (99.1 +/- 68.9 nmol/L; P less than 0.05) than in 31 control (C) @entity1 of similar ages (66.2 +/- 34.9 nmol/L), while serum non- @entity443 -bound T and free T were significantly lower (0.16 +/- 0.12 in @entity177 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.12 in C and 0.010 +/- 0.005 in @entity177 vs. 0.016 +/- 0.01 in C, respectively). On the other hand, serum total T (1.31 +/- 0.88 in @entity177 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.56 in C) and serum insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity442 ; 1.06 +/- 0.74 in @entity177 vs. 1.35 +/- 1.70 in C) were not significantly different. A significant negative correlation between serum @entity443 and chronological age as well as a significant positive correlation between serum non- @entity443 -bound T and chronological age were found. For a given age, serum @entity443 was higher, while serum non- @entity443 -bound T was lower in @entity1 with @entity177 (by analysis of covariance, P less than 0.01). It is postulated that, as has been proposed for hypopituitary @entity1 , this delayed increment in serum T fractions could be responsible for the delay in the onset of @entity1175 reported in @entity177 . It is known that GH decreases serum @entity443 , acting on hepatic cells either directly or through the action of @entity442 . Since it has been suggested that @entity1 with @entity177 have peripheral resistance to GH or @entity442 , the high levels of @entity443 that we have detected in prepubertal @entity1 with @entity177 could be taken as an additional evidence of this biological resistance.

title: Serum sex hormone-binding globulin and serum nonsex hormone-binding globulin-bound @entity251 fractions in prepubertal @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding-globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe the safety of the @entity1082 )-6/11/16/18 vaccine using updated clinical trial data (median follow-up time of 3.6 years) and summarize up to 3 years of post-licensure surveillance. METHODS: In 5 clinical trials, 21,480 @entity1 / @entity1 aged 9 to 26 years and @entity1 aged 9 to 16 years received >or=1 dose of HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine or placebo. All serious and non-serious adverse experiences (AEs) and new medical conditions were recorded for the entire study period(s). As of June 2009, >25 million doses of HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine had been distributed in the United States with >50 million doses globally. Post-licensure safety as summarized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using the United States Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database is also reported. RESULTS: Eight subjects experienced a treatment-related serious AE (0.05% vaccine; 0.02% placebo). Of 18 deaths (0.1% vaccine; 0.1% placebo), all were considered unrelated to study treatment. New medical conditions which were potentially consistent with autoimmune phenomena were reported in 2.4% of both vaccine and placebo recipients. @entity158 , the most common injection-site AE, occurred more frequently with vaccine (81% vaccine; 75% placeboaluminum; 45% placebo-saline). No differences were seen in the incidence of the most common non-serious AEs- @entity10 and @entity221 . The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System has received 14,072 reports for the HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine since licensure, with only 7% being serious AEs, about half the average reported for licensed vaccines in general. CONCLUSIONS: HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccination was associated with more injection-site @entity158 than placebo but similar incidences of systemic and serious AEs and new medical conditions potentially consistent with autoimmune phenomena. Based on review of post-licensure safety information, the benefits of vaccination to prevent the majority of genital tract precancers and @entity5 continue to far outweigh its risks.

title: Clinical trial and post-licensure safety profile of a prophylactic XXXX (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) l1 virus-like particle vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: Ribonucleases are found in considerable quantities in the pancreas of a number of @entity1 taxa and a few reptiles. The ribonuclease content varies greatly in different species. Large quantities are found in ruminants and species that have a ruminant-like digestion and in a number of species with coecal digestion. This is a response to the necessity of digesting large amounts of RNA derived from the microflora of the stomach of ruminants or species with ruminant-like digestion or of the coecum of species with coecal digestion. The @entity535 sequence of pancreatic ribonuclease from the chromosomal species 2n = 60 of the mole @entity35 , superspecies @entity10176 was determined. From the comparison of the sequence with those of other @entity1 species we found that Spalax diverged from the myomorph rodent branch before the divergence of the Muridae ( @entity19 , @entity35 ) from the Cricetidae (hamster, muskrat). Spalax ribonuclease shares several @entity535 residues with other myomorph rodent species. These are not or only rarely observed outside this rodent suborder. Although the ribonuclease content varies greatly in different @entity1 species, the variation in content between individuals within a species is small. Spalax is an exception to this with ribonuclease contents varying over more than an order of magnitude in different individuals. Ribonucleases isolated from the chromosomal species 2n = 52, 2n = 58 and 2n = 60 have identical elution positions on reversed-phase HPLC. The enzyme from the 2n = 54 species, however, elutes at a slightly earlier elution position. No @entity535 sequence differences have been found hitherto between the ribonucleases of the four chromosomal species of @entity10176 occurring in Israel. However, due to lack of material we were unable to determine more than about 20% of the sequence of the enzyme from the 2n = 54 species, which is the oldest offshoot.

title: Ribonuclease in different chromosomal species of the mole XXXX , superspecies @entity10176 : concentration in the pancreas and primary structure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10176 :: ('30637', 'Species') :: ['Spalax ehrenbergi', 'Spalax Ehrenbergi']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE - The objective was to measure platelet function in vivo (as cutaneous @entity548 time), the role of @entity2661 , and the effect of inhibiting @entity2871 synthesis on @entity548 time, in @entity1 with @entity583 , @entity1459 , and non-cardiac @entity662 . DESIGN - Haemotological variables and plasma @entity2661 were compared between @entity1 diagnostic groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Conover's multiple comparison test, and Wilcoxon paired rank sum test. @entity1 - 49 @entity1 entered the study and 45 were assigned to three groups: @entity583 (n = 26), @entity1459 (n = 9), and non-coronary @entity662 (control) (n = 10). There were no significant differences between groups for age or sex. @entity1 with @entity583 smoked more than others. MEASUREMENTS and RESULTS - Compared to the controls, @entity548 time in @entity1 with @entity583 was shortened, while in @entity1459 it was normal. Plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentrations were higher in the @entity583 group than in the @entity1459 and control groups, but were not correlated with @entity548 time. Bleeding time was remeasured 2 h after ingestion of 300 mg @entity117 and increased in all subjects, especially in those with @entity583 , but it remained significantly shorter in the @entity1188 group than in the comparison groups. Plasma adrenaline was inversely correlated with the @entity548 time after @entity117 in the @entity1188 group. CONCLUSIONS - The shortened @entity548 time may be an indicator of an increased prethrombotic tendency present in @entity1 with @entity583 but not in those with @entity1459 . The effect appears to be mediated by both @entity2404 and adrenaline.

title: Differences in XXXX time, @entity117 sensitivity and adrenaline between acute @entity583 and @entity1459 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Serum fraction of a-fetoprotein L3 ( @entity160 -L3%) and des-y carboxyprothrombin ( @entity1298 ) are proposed serum markers for the diagnosis of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We evaluated their performance in two @entity1 populations with total @entity160 levels non-diagnostic for @entity157 . From a cohort of 150 consecutive @entity1 with @entity157 , 60 @entity1 with total @entity160 <200 ng/ml were identified. Additionally, 50 @entity1 with elevated @entity160 and no radiological evidence of @entity157 , for at least one year of follow-up, were included. @entity160 -L3% and @entity1298 were measured by the Liquid Phase Binding Assay System (LiBASys). In cases where @entity160 -L3% was undetectable, a more sensitive method based on-chip electrokinetic reaction was applied. @entity160 -L3% was found to be positive in 22 (36.7%) of @entity1 with @entity157 and 6 (12%) of non- @entity157 @entity1 . @entity1298 was found to be positive in 26 @entity1 with @entity157 (43%) and in none of the non- @entity157 @entity1 . Thirty-six out of sixty (60%) @entity1 with @entity157 were positive for either @entity160 -L3% or @entity1298 . With the on-chip technology, @entity160 -L3% was found to be positive in 10 @entity1 with @entity157 and in 5 @entity1 without @entity157 , who tested negative by LiBASys. The final sensitivity of combined @entity160 , @entity160 -L3% and @entity1298 testing, in the entire cohort of @entity1 with @entity157 , was 84%. The specificity of @entity160 -L3% and @entity1298 in the studied population was 78.5 and 100%, respectively. The addition of @entity160 -L3% and @entity1298 increased the sensitivity and specificity of total serum @entity160 for the diagnosis of @entity157 . The on chip @entity160 -L3% assay was more sensitive but less specific compared to LiBASys.

title: Analysis of serum a-fetoprotein-L3% and des-y carboxyprothrombin markers in cases with misleading XXXX total a-fetoprotein levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity884 is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. The clinical characteristics differ among populations. Therefore it is important to know the characteristics of the disease in our region. METHODS: This is an observational study that included all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity884 from 1 January 2009 until 31 December 2014. The data are showed as frequencies and percentages altogether with medians with interquartile range. RESULTS: 10 cases were included. The median age was 34 years (IQR 26-41). Several risk factors were identified and included: previous @entity340 , @entity1 with @entity740 who have had a vascular access and previous history of @entity1200 . The native mitral valve was the most affected. The size of vegetations had a median length of 14 mm (IQR 9.3-16). Streptococcus alpha hemolytic was the most common organism. In-hospital mortality rate was 10 %. CONCLUSIONS: The behavior of the disease is similar to other national series. We identify risk factors that could be related to the type of morbidities in the region.

title: [ XXXX . 5-years experience in a third-level reference center in Yucatan, Mexico].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Infective endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7271 is a newly described @entity792 characterized by @entity158 and polymorphous @entity272 in association with an underlying @entity5 . All reported @entity1 with an associated malignant @entity5 have had a poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: We present three new cases of @entity7271 associated with a malignant @entity5 and further characterize this disease. METHODS: We used clinical criteria, histologic and immunopathologic examinations, and immunophenotyping to characterize this disease. In addition, we performed immunoprecipitation studies with extracts of radiolabeled @entity1 keratinocytes to characterize the antigens to which patient serum binds. RESULTS: All three @entity1 had clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic findings that were strongly suggestive of @entity7271 . Their sera immunoprecipitated a complex of four polypeptides from @entity1 keratinocyte extracts with molecular weights of 250, 230, 210, and 190 kd, confirming the diagnosis of @entity7271 . The 250, 230, and 210 kd antigens comigrated with desmoplakin I, the 230 kd bullous pemphigoid antigen, and desmoplakin II, respectively. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping revealed large populations of monoclonal @entity1075 +, CD5+ B cells in two cases. Although two of the @entity1 died, one @entity1 is alive and well 2 years after the diagnosis of @entity7271 . CONCLUSION: We report three cases of @entity7271 . One @entity1 is alive and well 2 years after diagnosis, which suggests that a subgroup of @entity1 may have a more benign course.

title: XXXX : a report of three cases including one long-term survivor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['Paraneoplastic pemphigus', 'paraneoplastic pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful mucosal ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['Paraneoplastic pemphigus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is increasingly recognized that @entity565 is a heterogeneous disease. Therefore, it is possible that analysis of gene expression in the airway will reveal clinically meaningful transcriptional endotypes of @entity565 ( @entity1041 clusters). METHODS: We measured whole transcriptome gene expression profiles in the sputum and whole blood of 100 individuals with @entity565 and 12 control subjects using the Affymetrix HuGene ST 1.0 gene arrays. Unsupervised clustering was conducted using pathways from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). This identified three @entity1041 clusters that were correlated with clinical, physiologic, and inflammatory characteristics of the disease. @entity1041 cluster 1 is a cluster of @entity1 with @entity565 with a significantly higher rate of intubation (P   =   0.05), a lower prebronchodilator FEV1 (P   =   0.006), a higher bronchodilator response (P   =   0.03), and higher exhaled @entity842 levels (P   =   0.04) than the other two @entity1041 clusters. @entity1041 cluster 2 has a higher rate of hospitalization for @entity565 (P   =   0.04) and is heterogeneous. @entity1041 cluster 3 is the largest cluster and has normal lung function, low exhaled @entity842 levels, and lower inhaled @entity479 requirements. @entity1041 cluster 1 had the highest sputum Th2 gene signature ( @entity3646 , -5, and -13) compared with the other clusters. A classifier was developed that predicts @entity1041 cluster assignment using 53 predictive genes in the circulation. The classifier was applied to gene expression data of @entity1 from the @entity565 Biorepository for Integrative Genomic Exploration ( @entity565 BRIDGE) consortium cohort and confirmed that @entity1041 clusters 1 and 2 are associated with history of intubation (P   =   5.58   *   10(-06)) and hospitalization (P   =   0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the sputum transcriptome reveals three @entity1041 clusters with different clinical and physiologic characteristics of disease in @entity1 and adults with @entity565 . This suggests that there are common transcriptomic signatures in the blood in @entity1 and adults with @entity565 that are associated with features of severe @entity565 .

title: Noninvasive Analysis of the Sputum Transcriptome Discriminates Clinical Phenotypes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the causes and circumstances surrounding fatal accidents involving @entity542 in @entity1 in the Northern region. DESIGN: Retrospective review of the hospital case notes, necropsy reports, and records of the coroners' inquests. SETTING: Northern Regional Health Authority. @entity1 : All 255 @entity1 aged less than 16 years who died with a @entity542 during 1979-86. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cause of injury and circumstances of accident according to reports of inquests; injury severity score; number of fatal accidents and mortality per 100,000 @entity1 in 10 groups of local authority wards ranked according to their score on the overall deprivation index; and distance of site of accident from @entity1 's home. RESULTS: Of the 255 @entity1 who died after a @entity542 , 136 (53%) @entity1 were playing at the time of the accident. 195 (76%) @entity1 sustained the @entity542 in road traffic accidents, 135 as pedestrians, 35 as cyclists, and 25 as passengers in a vehicle. In 120 accidents in @entity1 pedestrians the primary cause of accident was the unsafe behaviour of the @entity1 . 172 (67%) accidents occurred within one to two km of the @entity1 's home and 153 (63%) between 3 pm and 9 pm. The mortality was significantly related to social deprivation; excluding eight @entity1 injured while on holiday in the region, 15-fold decrease in mortality was recorded between the local authority wards that ranked highest on the overall deprivation index and those that ranked lowest (14.0/100,000 @entity1 , group 10 v 0.9/100,000, group 1 respectively, p less than 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: The finding that most accidents occurred in @entity1 living in deprived areas who were playing unsupervised near their home suggests that childhood mortality might be appreciably reduced if @entity1 at play were protected from traffic, particularly in socially deprived areas.

title: Causes of fatal childhood accidents involving XXXX in northern region, 1979-86.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: Relapse and @entity85 after treatment of @entity5149 are common problems. Recurrences occur in up to 48   % of cases after successful initial treatment using Ponseti's technique. By casting and anterior tibial tendon transfer as recommended by Ponseti a flexible and well functioning foot can be achieved in most cases. @entity1057 remains a demanding challenge. Depending on the severity of the deformity, the @entity73 and @entity1 age, conservative and/or different operative treatment options can be considered. Manipulation and casting according to Ponseti is also recommended in toddlers with relapses even after peritalar joint release. Thus the need and extent of operative treatment can be reduced. Additional osteotomy may be indicated in more rigid feet and older @entity1 . An accurate evaluation of the existing @entity73 is mandatory for the individual choice of treatment. The number of previous operative procedures reduces the amount of improvement and mobility of the foot. Therefore, the best and most efficient treatment for recurrent clubfoot is prevention in the form of consistent primary treatment, consistently wearing braces and regular follow-up examinations.

title: [Treatment of recurrent @entity85 after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of function', 'deformity and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['congenital clubfoot']

entities_list: @entity1057 :: ('MESH:D058069', 'Disease') :: ['Neglected clubfoot']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['residual deformity']

answer: @entity5149 :: (MESH:D003025,Disease) :: ['congenital clubfoot']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review the results of a single-center experience in the management of "closed abdomen" hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) using a sophisticated technical device (EXIPER  ) in the palliative setting of @entity5 ascites from peritoneal @entity189 in @entity1 with @entity5 of different primary sites. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was an open, prospective, single-center, non-randomized study conducted at the Department of Medical Oncology 1, University of Cagliari, Italy, from May 2006 to October 2012. Fifteen @entity1 with peritoneal @entity189 were treated with HIPEC: 5 males and 10 females (age range 51-82, median 62  years), for a total of 30 procedures (5 @entity1 were treated more than once). @entity5 were from ovarian, uterine cervical, colorectal, gastric, malignant @entity2615 , and unknown primary @entity5 . Main endpoints were increase of free interval between two consecutive procedures, progressive @entity843 and improvement of quality of life assessed with ECOG performance status and EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, and improvement of immunologic function. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were completely evaluable while three @entity1 were "lost" to follow-up. The treatment was well tolerated. The mean free interval between two consecutive drainages increased from 11.2 to 39.5  days. The mean ascites volume drained decreased from 7.8 to 1.8  l. ECOG PS improved in the majority of @entity1 and EORTC QLQ-C30 scores in all @entity1 as well as immunologic function. In September 2015, only one @entity1 was still alive. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that good results may be achieved in terms of symptom palliation and improvement of quality of life in very @entity5 @entity1 with MA from PC. The treatment was generally well tolerated considering the limited treatment options available for these @entity1 .

title: The role of "closed abdomen" hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the palliative treatment of @entity5 ascites from peritoneal XXXX : report of a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic', 'cancer', 'advanced cancer', 'Malignant ascites']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of ascites volumes']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Partially presented in poster format at the 40th and 41st Annual Meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, held in 2004 in New Orleans, Louisiana and in 2005 in Orlando, Florida. PURPOSE: We aimed to: (a) assess @entity1 knowledge about @entity5 clinical trials (CCT) and satisfaction with their decision to participate, (b) determine whether satisfaction correlates with objective understanding, or other factors, and (c) identify correlates of increased understanding. METHODS: A convenience sample of 100 @entity1 were recruited. Instruments assessed quality of informed consent (QuIC), quality of life (EORTC QLQ C-30), @entity148 and @entity308 (HADS), and preferences for information and involvement in decision making. Measures were completed within 2 weeks of clinical trial enrollment. RESULTS: One hundred two @entity1 (68 male) with a median age of 58.4 years (29-85) were registered in 27 of the 33 therapeutic @entity5 clinical trials approved for the Consent Study. Mean QuIC objective knowledge (QuIC-A) was 77.6 (/100) (95% CI, 75.7-79.4) and perceived (subjective) understanding (QuIC-B) 91.5 (95% CI, 89.6-93.3). There was low but significant correlation between QuIC-A and B (R   =   0.26, p   =   0.008). Satisfaction was very high. Correlation between QuIC-B and satisfaction was moderate (0.430, p   <   0.001). QuIC-B, but not QuIC-A was associated with QOL scores. Preferences regarding participation in decision making and whether these preferences were achieved did not impact upon knowledge, understanding or satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 knowledge regarding CCT is similar to published US data, and satisfaction is high. Satisfaction correlates with perceived but not objective understanding of CCT. Strategies to further improve the consent process need to be developed.

title: Satisfaction with the decision to participate in XXXX clinical trials is high, but understanding is a problem.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIM: To explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of @entity16118 ( @entity16118 ) supernatant on dextran sulfate @entity1372 (DSS) induced @entity1960 in @entity19 . METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J male @entity19 were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, treatment group, and prevention group. @entity19 were weighed daily. On day 10, the colon length was measured, the colorectal histopathologic damage score (HDS) was assessed, and plasma interleukin (IL)-17A, @entity777 , and @entity58 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of transcription factor @entity1968 -related orphan receptor-yt (RORyt) and @entity636 in colon inflammatory mucosa tissue were determined by immunohistochemical assay, and the expression levels of RORyt mRNA, @entity636 mRNA, and @entity777 mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The proportion of Th17 in mononuclear cells in spleen was assayed by fluorescence activated cell sorter. RESULTS: When compared with the model group, the colon length (P < 0.05) and body weight (P < 0.01) in the treatment and prevention groups were significantly increased, and the colon HDS was decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference between the treatment group and prevention group. After treatment with @entity16118 supernatant, the plasma levels of @entity636 and @entity777 (P < 0.05), the protein and mRNA expression of @entity636 and RORyt, and the Th17 cell ratio of spleen cells (P < 0.01) were significantly decreased compared to the model group. Plasma @entity58 level in the prevention group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between these two groups in the expression of @entity777 in both the plasma and colon mucosa tissues. CONCLUSION: @entity16118 supernatant exerts protective and therapeutic effects on DSS-induced @entity1960 in @entity19 , probably via inhibition of Th17 differentiation and @entity636 secretion in the plasma and colon mucosa tissues. It can also improve @entity1960 in @entity19 by downregulating @entity777 and prevent @entity1960 by upregulating @entity58 .

title: XXXX supernatant ameliorates dextran sulfate @entity1372 induced @entity1960 by regulating Th17 cell differentiation.

entities_list: @entity16118 :: ('853', 'Species') :: ['F. prausnitzii', 'Faecalibacterium prausnitzii']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity16118 :: (853,Species) :: ['Faecalibacterium prausnitzii']


abstract: A series of six @entity1 with @entity3332 associated with @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) and distal tracheoesophageal fistula is presented. Three @entity1 required only repeated dilatations, and have had good results. Two @entity1 required limited resections of the distal esophagus, with excellent results. One @entity1 died following a Heller myotomy. Tracheobronchial rests were present in the distal esophagus in the latter three @entity1 . Diagnosis of @entity3332 following repair of @entity1152 requires a high index of suspicion and a careful review of previous esophagrams. It is important to exclude @entity850 and @entity850 associated with @entity354 . This requires barium esophagram, esophagoscopy with biopsy, and esophageal pH monitoring. Once a congenital basis for @entity3332 is suspected, management consists of dilatation by bouginage followed by @entity384 . Resection is reserved for persistent stenoses from tracheobronchial rests, which usually do not respond to dilatations.

title: Distal XXXX associated with @entity1152 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['distal esophageal stenosis', 'congenital esophageal stenosis', 'congenital distal esophageal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stricture', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity3332 :: (MESH:D004940,Disease) :: ['congenital esophageal stenosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: The 4-probe, multicolor, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) panel targeting chromosomes 6 and 11 has shown promising sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between benign nevi and @entity320 . Only a few studies have assessed the potential utility of FISH in classification of histologically ambiguous @entity75 . In the United States, this assay is exclusively licensed to NeoGenomics Laboratories (Irvine, California), which provides the technical component and has developed an innovative service (MelanoSITE) allowing pathologists to interpret FISH results using a dedicated Web portal. Thus far, use of MelanoSITE as a diagnostic adjunct in the diagnosis of @entity75 has not, to our knowledge, been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To analyze 1.5 years of experience with the MelanoSITE @entity320 FISH assay in the evaluation of histologically ambiguous lesions in the context of second opinion and routine dermatopathology practice. DESIGN: A prospective histologic/FISH correlation study of 140 cases. RESULTS: Twenty-seven percent of abnormal FISH results were false-positive results because of @entity8339 . After correcting for known false-positive results, all lesions considered atypical nevi showed normal FISH signals. Abnormal FISH signals were reported in 30% of lesions considered histologically borderline and in 48% of lesions in which a diagnosis of @entity320 was favored. CONCLUSIONS: Four-probe, multicolor FISH results for @entity320 correlate with the microscopic assessments of histologically ambiguous lesions. Pathologists using MelanoSITE must be aware of the high rate of false-positive results from @entity8339 .

title: Correlation between histologic assessment and fluorescence in situ hybridization using MelanoSITE in evaluation of histologically ambiguous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity8339 :: ('MESH:D057891', 'Disease') :: ['tetraploidy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma', 'melanoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['melanocytic lesions']


abstract: In the @entity235 iris sphincter, muscarinic @entity934 receptors are coupled either to the stimulation of phospholipase C and muscle contraction or to the stimulation of adenylate cyclase and @entity121 , this was found to be dependent upon the concentration of the muscarinic agonist. In contrast to the @entity235 , muscarinic receptors in iris sphincters from different @entity1 species were found to be coupled to phospholipase C and contraction at all concentrations of @entity5402 investigated (1-100 microM). In the @entity235 sphincter, lower concentrations (less than 5 microM) of @entity5402 stimulated @entity671 ( @entity9421 ) production, inhibited @entity268 formation and induced contraction, and higher concentrations (greater than 5 microM) enhanced @entity268 formation, inhibited IP3 production and induced relaxation. The mechanisms for the stimulatory effects on @entity268 formation through muscarinic receptors were investigated. @entity5402 (25 microM) increased both basal and @entity3044 - and @entity1928 -stimulated @entity268 levels. @entity3897 inhibited the @entity5402 -stimulated increase in @entity268 levels in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 9 nM. Intracellular @entity141 , derived from IP3-induced @entity141 release and/or from muscarinic receptor-operated @entity141 influx, and protein kinase C may mediate the muscarinic receptor-linked rise in intracellular @entity268 . This conclusion is supported by the following findings. (1) At short time intervals (less than 1 min) @entity5402 (25 microM) increased IP3 production and contraction and this was followed (between 1 and 20 min) by @entity268 formation and @entity121 . (2) @entity5402 -stimulated IP3 production was detected at a concentration of the agonist 26-fold lower than that required for @entity268 formation, and it was completely blocked by the @entity4621 , @entity10670 (50 nM). (3) A @entity141 -calmodulin stimulated adenylate cyclase was demonstrated in membranes from @entity235 iris sphincter but not in that from @entity95 and @entity291 . (4) @entity6105 (0.1 microM), a calmodulin antagonist, inhibited the @entity5402 -stimulated @entity268 accumulation. (5) The @entity141 ionophore @entity3365 and the @entity4621 increased @entity268 production in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3365 potentiated @entity268 production induced by either @entity5402 or by the @entity4621 . (6) Muscarinic stimulation of @entity268 production persisted even after the tissue was pretreated with the @entity4621 or @entity866 . (7) @entity594 (0.01-0.5 microM), a @entity141 channel antagonist, inhibited @entity5402 stimulation of @entity268 production, suggesting the presence of a muscarinic receptor-operated @entity141 influx pathway in this tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity5402 stimulates adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C and muscle contraction-relaxation in a reciprocal manner in XXXX iris sphincter smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity10670 :: ('MESH:D015240', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['Trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbachol', 'carbachol']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The indications for blood transfusion in @entity131 are controversial. In particular, little is known about the effect of blood transfusion in childhood @entity131 . This study aimed to examine the influence of blood transfusion on brain tissue @entity26 tension in @entity1 with severe @entity131 . DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of a prospective observational database of @entity1 with severe @entity131 who received brain tissue @entity26 tension monitoring and a blood transfusion. SETTING: University-affiliated pediatric hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 with severe @entity131 and blood transfusion. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Brain tissue @entity26 tension was measured in normal-appearing white matter with a commercially available polarographic Clarke-type electrode. Brain tissue @entity26 tension values after blood transfusion were compared with pre-transfusion values in hemodynamically stable @entity1 . Limited interventions were allowed during the studied period. Brain tissue @entity26 tension values were examined for early (1-4 hrs) and late (24 hrs) changes after blood transfusion, controlling for multiple clinical and physiologic variables with regression techniques. Further comparison was made with matched non-transfused controls to examine the influence of time after injury. Nineteen blood transfusions in 17 @entity1 were evaluated. Brain tissue @entity26 tension increased significantly in the early period after blood transfusion (p = .0018; 79% increased, 21% decreased) in comparison with baseline values and matched controls, but the overall changes were small and, in part, influenced by accompanying cerebral perfusion pressure changes. Also, this effect was limited to the early period after blood transfusion and was not significant after 24 hrs. In general, the brain tissue @entity26 tension increase was larger in @entity1 with higher baseline brain tissue @entity26 tension and lower initial hemoglobin; however, no factors associated with the magnitude of the brain tissue @entity26 tension change were significant in multivariate analysis. Increased age of blood did not appear to impair brain tissue @entity26 tension changes, but most blood transfusion were <14 days old. CONCLUSIONS: Brain tissue @entity26 tension increased transiently in 79% of blood transfusion in pediatric @entity131 @entity1 , and decreased transiently in 21%. Brain tissue @entity26 tension returned to baseline within 24 hrs. Reliable predictors of this brain tissue @entity26 tension response to blood transfusion, however, remain elusive.

title: The effect of blood transfusion on brain oxygenation in @entity1 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proteasomes are 'proteolytic machineries' implicated in many cellular functions, including protein turnover, inflammatory response and immunosurveillance. They exist in various forms sharing the same catalytic core - the 20S proteasome. This core consists of 28 subunits codified by 14 different genes, 3 of which - @entity8652 , @entity2263 - are catalytically active and show peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolyzing (PGPH), trypsin-like and chymo-trypsin-like activities, respectively. Under IFN- delta and TNF- alfa stimuli, the 3 active constitutive subunits are replaced by the corresponding ones - i.e., @entity10553 , @entity8459 , @entity10554 - known as inducible subunits, thus resulting in the constitution of the 'immunoproteasome' that is specifically implicated in MHC class I-presented peptide generation. This process is enhanced when the proteasome is associated with the polymeric protein 11S regulator/PA28 made up of 4 alfa and 3 beta subunits. METHODS: The 20S proteasome was purified from post mortem specimens of @entity1 kidney cortex by chromatographic and ultracentrifugation techniques. It was then characterized on the basis of (i) multicatalytic activity evaluated using specific fluorogenic peptides, (ii) electrophoretic mobility on non-denaturating @entity2975 gels followed by in-gel visualization by fluorogenic peptide overlaying and Coomassie blue staining and (iii) subunit composition as ascertained by @entity214 -PAGE and 2-dimensional electrophoresis followed by @entity575 staining or Western immunoblotting using specific antibodies against the proteasome subunits. The 20S proteasome was also studied for its association with the 11S regulator by Western immunoblotting using an antibody to the regulator alfa subuniT. RESULTS: T he purified proteasome was shown to have PGPH, trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like activities. Furthermore, it incorporated the inducible subunits and was associated with the 11S regulator. CONCLUSIONS: The features we observed make renal cells susceptible to an over-expression of inflammatory response to immunological challenges.

title: Structural and functional properties of proteasomes purified from the XXXX kidney.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The immunogenicity and safety of recombinant @entity375 -derived @entity1956 vaccine given in doses of 0.6 microgram, 1.25 microgram, 2.5 micrograms and 5.0 micrograms were studied in 4 comparable groups of @entity1 aged 1-12 years. All @entity1 received three doses of vaccine at time 0, 1 month and 5 months. Immunogenicity appeared to be satisfactory in all 4 groups of @entity1 . In the early phase of the study, a dose-response relationship was observed but there was no significant difference in the geometric mean titre among all 4 groups for any period studied. Antibody levels peaked at 9 months, declining thereafter. The geometric mean titre one year after the first vaccine dose was not significantly lower than that at the peak (9 months) in any individual group studied. The second year geometric mean titre was similar in all 4 groups and lower than that of the first year. Sero-conversion with antibody titres greater than or equal to 10 mIU/ml was 100% in the 5.0 micrograms group and greater than 90% in the other 3 groups. There were no adverse reactions of any significance. The immunogenicity of recombinant @entity375 -derived @entity1956 vaccine was found to be adequate even at as low a dosage as 0.6 microgram when administered in a 3-dose regimen.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of low doses of recombinant @entity375 -derived XXXX vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: Most @entity1 with @entity447 have no @entity548 in the @entity4837 period even if birth trauma occurs. The explanation for this lack of @entity548 in the first few days of life in most hemophiliacs is unknown. Maternal factors @entity797 and IX fail to cross the placenta and cannot, therefore, protect the neonate. There have, however, been an increasing number of reports of severe @entity548 in hemophiliac neonates. Herein, a case of severe @entity548 responsible for @entity1457 and disseminated @entity5642 masking the @entity447 and delaying its diagnosis is reported. Transfusion of twice the total globular mass and exchange-transfusion were required. @entity360 occurred, requiring subtotal gastrectomy. The diagnosis of severe @entity447 (factor @entity797 = 1%) was established only at 17 days of age. At the age of five months, the @entity1 developed a dumping syndrome which improved under appropriate dietary therapy and finally resolved. Outcome was favorable and at the evaluation at two years of age the @entity1 was leading a normal life. This case underlines the difficulty of the diagnosis of @entity447 at birth. When there is no family history of @entity548 , the diagnosis of @entity447 is usually missed in the @entity4837 period and established only later or retrospectively. Factors @entity797 and IX should consequently be measured in male neonates with unusual @entity548 and an increased activated partial thromboplastin time, even if disseminated @entity5642 is present. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of specific therapy may lessen acute morbidity and prevent long-term sequelae in affected @entity1 .

title: [Disseminated XXXX masking @entity4837 @entity447 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'neonatal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic gastric necrosis']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['intravascular coagulation']


abstract: Intestinalized epithelium in traditional long-segment @entity355 ( @entity355 ) shows increased proliferative activity, which is postulated to be an early step in the @entity189 sequence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proliferative activity of intestinalized epithelium of the distal esophagus and @entity11247 (IMEGEJ). Tissue sections from 78 consecutive @entity1 (20 with IMEGEJ, 58 without IMEGEJ) who had elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy over a 6-month period were immunohistochemically stained with @entity1758 , the Ki-67 proliferation-antigen-associated marker, for evaluation of the crypt @entity1758 proliferation index (PI), size of the proliferative zone (PZ), and the presence of surface epithelial staining. Data from the IMEGEJ and non-IMEGEJ groups, and from 15 age-matched @entity1 with traditional long-segment @entity355 (>3.0 cm), were compared statistically. IMEGEJ @entity1 showed a statistically significant increase in the mean crypt PI compared with non-IMEGEJ controls (21.9+/-19.5 v 14.3+/-9.3; P=.01). In addition, IMEGEJ cases showed an increase in the mean crypt PZ (52.3+/-16.4 v 45.2+/-17.2; P=.05), and a trend toward an increase in the percentage of cases with @entity1758 -positive surface epithelial cells (50% v 33%, P=.18). @entity1 with IMEGEJ did not differ from @entity1 without IMEGEJ with respect to any other clinical or histological feature, including signs or symptoms of @entity354 and presence or absence of @entity2910 or @entity2401 . The @entity1758 results of the @entity1 with long-segment @entity355 ( @entity1758 PI = 22.6+/-20.5, @entity1758 PZ = 51.8+/-19.6, proportion of cases with @entity1758 -positive surface cells = 66%) were similar to those with IMEGEJ. Intestinalized epithelium in the distal esophagus or @entity11247 shows increased proliferative activity in comparison with @entity1 without intestinalized epithelium. This finding supports an increased risk of @entity105 in @entity1 with IMEGEJ.

title: Proliferative characteristics of intestinalized mucosa in the distal esophagus and @entity11247 (short-segment XXXX ): a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11247 :: ('MESH:D008309', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal junction']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']