abstract: BACKGROUND: We reviewed a contemporary, single-institution experience to evaluate the natural history of stage-IV @entity320 metastatic to the lung and identify factors predictive of survival. METHODS: A search of our prospective database was performed to identify @entity1 with stage-IV @entity320 and @entity358 as the initial disease site; only @entity1 seen at our institution prior to developing @entity5 and in whom treatment response was available were included. @entity1 ' demographic, clinical, and treatment variables were recorded. Cox regression was used to identify factors independently predictive of survival. RESULTS: The study cohort was comprised of 122 @entity1 . Median survival was 14 months (5-year survival of 8%). Clinical factors at time of diagnosis of stage IV independently predictive of survival were a solitary pulmonary metastasis (HR 2.7, CI 1.6-4.4, P<0.0005) and @entity358 (HR 1.9, CI 1.2-3.1, P = 0.01). Among treatment factors, only metastasectomy was independently predictive of survival (HR 0.42, CI 0.21-0.87, P = 0.02). Of the @entity1 , 26 (21%) underwent metastasectomy, with a median survival of 40 months compared with 13 months in @entity1 not selected for surgical treatment. Of these 26, 23 (88%) experienced recurrence at a median of 5 months after the procedure. No survival difference was seen between responders and non-responders to systemic therapy (P = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: In stage-IV @entity320 with @entity358 , a solitary metastasis and @entity358 are predictive of survival. While these factors are often present in @entity1 selected for pulmonary metastasectomy, this independently predicts survival. However, response to systemic therapy does not correlate with a survival difference.

title: Stage-IV @entity320 and XXXX : factors predictive of survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['absence of extra-pulmonary disease', 'pulmonary metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage-IV disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary metastases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Drug-drug interactions can lead to serious and potentially lethal adverse events. In recent years, several drugs have been withdrawn from the market due to interaction-related adverse events. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between @entity12098 ( @entity22517 ) and @entity2049 ( @entity8358 ) in healthy male @entity95 . METHODS: A randomized, two-crossover design study was conducted in six healthy male @entity95 . The study consisted of two periods: period one, when each @entity95 received a single dose of 70  mg @entity8358 -suspension. Period two, when each @entity95 received a single dose of 70  mg @entity8358 -suspension co-administered with a single dose of 1.5  mg @entity22517 with a washout period of one week between the two periods. Serial blood samples were collected over a period of 48  h. Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) was used to measure @entity8358 in serum. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters Cmax, Tmax, t 1/2, AUC0-t, AUC 0-   , and ke were determined for the two periods using non-compartmental analysis. RESULTS: In the two periods of treatment, Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-   , t    and ke for @entity8358 were administered alone and in combination with @entity22517 . Cmax, the mean peak plasma concentration was 4.33      2.4   g/mL versus 4.76      2.1   g/ml, tmax, time taken to reach, was 2.91      1.11  h versus 3.6      1.83  h, total area under the curve AUC0-t was 64.90      43.6   g  h/ml versus 102.90      66.9   g  h/ml, AUC0-    was 74.0      52.6   g  h/ml versus 124.3      85   g  h/mL, t    was 14.10      2.5  h versus 16.43      6.43  h and elimination rate constant ke was 0.050      0.009  h(-1) versus 0.057      0.049  h(-1), respectively. No statistical differences were found in pharmacokinetic of @entity8358 in both cases (P  >  0.05). CONCLUSION: The result of the study demonstrated that @entity22517 does not affect pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity8358 . Therefore, no cautions regarding dose or administration pattern of @entity8358 with @entity22517 should be taken.

title: The effect of @entity12098 on pharmacokinetics of @entity2049 in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: AIM: To report results of proton beam therapy for @entity320 . METHODS: A retrospective case series of 15 @entity1 with nonresectable @entity320 treated with proton beam therapy between August 1998 and August 2004. The main outcome measures were (1) @entity5 control, (2) complications, and (3) eye retention. RESULTS: Of the 15 cases, 11 @entity1 showed documented growth (including two cases of local recurrence following iridocyclectomy) while a further three cases were biopsy-proven @entity320 . One @entity1 presented with a newly acquired vascular nodule of the iris associated with angle seeding and @entity726 . Tumour control at mean follow-up of 34 months was 93% (14 of 15 eyes). Common complications included @entity726 in 53% (five @entity1 had @entity726 prior to irradiation), @entity936 (27%) and @entity231 in three @entity1 (20%). Eye retention was possible in 80% (12 cases). CONCLUSION: Proton beam therapy is an effective treatment for cases of nonresectable @entity320 . The major complications are @entity231 and @entity726 .

title: Proton beam therapy for XXXX : a review of 15 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['iris melanoma', 'melanoma', 'iris melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['iris melanoma']


abstract: @entity281 by @entity1542 third stage larvae (L3) frequently gives rise to an @entity56 response. To comprehend the @entity56 and immune responses induced by L3, we investigated the kinetics of specific antibody isotype expression and the time course of biological and immunochemical @entity566 states using sera prepared from @entity35 orally infected with L3 twice, with an interval of 9 weeks between @entity281 . Biological and immunochemical @entity566 states were analysed by RBL-2H3 exocytosis and by indirect ELISA for IgE, respectively. The peak IgM at reinfection (RI) was comparable or similar to that at @entity281 ( @entity281 ) both in levels analysed by indirect ELISA and in antigen recognition analysed by Western blot. IgG1 and @entity17993 levels were higher and showed accelerated kinetics after RI vs. after @entity281 . However, the level of IgG2b was substantially lower than that of @entity17993 . Peak immunochemical and biological @entity566 states for RI were higher and were reached faster than those for @entity281 . The peak biological @entity566 state was observed at 1 week postreinfection and this occurred sooner than that for the peak immunochemical @entity566 state found at 2 weeks postreinfection. Our analysis of the relationship between specific @entity13093 and biological @entity566 state did not show any meaningful correlation. These results suggest that the @entity56 response induced by L3 @entity281 is predominantly caused by reinfection and that this is accompanied by an elevated IgM level, which further suggests that the biological @entity566 state might not be related to specific @entity13093 .

title: The time course of biological and immunochemical XXXX states induced by @entity1542 larvae in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity13093 :: ('MESH:C535745', 'Disease') :: ['IgE avidity']

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['PI', 'oral infection', 'infections', 'Oral infection', 'primary infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of delayed @entity86 in retired racing Greyhounds with @entity3478 undergoing limb amputations. To identify if administration of @entity929 ( @entity930 ) was effective on the prevention of @entity86 . DESIGN: Retrospective study from December 2003 to December 2008. SETTING: Veterinary university teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Forty-six retired racing Greyhounds (RRGs) diagnosed with @entity3478 that underwent limb amputation were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirteen of 46 RRGs (28%) included in the study had delayed @entity86 starting 48-72 h after surgery. Bleeding episodes included cutaneous, subcutaneous, and external @entity548 that extended from the area of the surgical site that became widespread within hours, and that required administration of blood components. A paired t-test suggests that there was a significant decrease in @entity1485 postoperatively for both @entity235 that bled and @entity235 that did not bleed (P < 0.0001). Forty of 46 RRGs (86%) received either fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or @entity930 or both, for the prevention of @entity86 . A logistic regression model determined that @entity235 that did not receive @entity930 were 5.7 times more likely to bleed than @entity235 that did receive @entity930 , when controlling for whether or not they received FFP (95% CI: 1.02-32.15, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: This retrospective study suggests that preemptive postoperative administration of @entity930 appears to be efficacious in decreasing the frequency of @entity548 in RRGs undergoing limb amputation; however, a prospective study is warranted to corroborate its effectiveness.

title: Retrospective evaluation of the effectiveness of epsilon aminocaproic acid for the prevention of postamputation @entity548 in retired racing Greyhounds with XXXX : 46 cases (2003-2008).

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['primary appendicular bone tumors', 'appendicular bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['epsilon-aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['appendicular bone tumors']


abstract: AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of an efficacy-enhancing educational intervention to promote @entity1 's self-efficacy for childbirth and coping ability in reducing @entity148 and @entity158 during labour. BACKGROUND: The evidence of the effective application of the self-efficacy theory in health-promoting interventions has been well established. Little effort has been made by health professionals to integrate self-efficacy theory into childbirth care. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. METHODS: An efficacy-enhancing educational intervention based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory was evaluated. The eligible Chinese first-time pregnant @entity1 were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 60) or a control group (n = 73). The experimental group received two 90-minute sessions of the educational programme in between the 33rd-35th weeks of pregnancy. Follow-up assessments on outcome measures were conducted within 48 hours after delivery. The short form of the Chinese Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory was used to measure maternal self-efficacy prior to labour. Evaluation of @entity158 and @entity148 during the three stages of labour and performance of coping behaviour during labour were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale and Childbirth Coping Behaviour Scale respectively. RESULTS: The experimental group was significantly more likely than the control group to demonstrate higher levels of self-efficacy for childbirth (p < 0.0001), lower perceived @entity148 (p < 0.001, early stage and p = 0.02, middle stage) and @entity158 (p < 0.01, early stage and p = 0.01, middle stage) and greater performance of coping behaviour during labour (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory is effective in promoting pregnant @entity1 's self-efficacy for childbirth and reducing their perceived @entity158 and @entity148 in the first two stages of labour. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Relief of @entity158 and @entity148 is an important issue for both @entity1 and childbirth health professionals. The efficacy-enhancing educational intervention should be further developed and integrated into childbirth educational interventions for promoting @entity1 's coping ability during childbirth.

title: An educational intervention to improve XXXX 's ability to cope with childbirth.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We have characterized a gene for mouse S-antigen and compared its sequence with that of corresponding @entity1 and two recently published @entity238 S-antigen genes. The mouse S-antigen gene was approximately 50 kbp in length and consisted of 16 exons and 15 introns. The length of most exons was less than 100 bp and the smallest one was only 10 bp. In contrast, the length of most introns was larger than 2 kbp and the gene consisted of 97% intron and 3% exon. Both splice sites for donor and accepter were in good agreement with the GT/AG rule. S-antigen genes in @entity1 and @entity19 were highly conserved. In contrast, genes for the @entity238 49-kDa @entity60474 homolog and @entity60474 consist of three introns and four exons and two introns and three exons, respectively. The 5'-flanking region of the mouse S-antigen gene, approximately 1.0 kbp long, had no regulatory elements for transcription such as the TATA, CAAT and GC boxes, while a @entity238 @entity60474 gene has TATA and CAAT boxes. Interestingly, the 5'-flanking region of the @entity19 gene had promoter activity in an in vitro transcription assay using a nuclear extract of @entity35 brain. A major transcription start site was found at 387 bp upstream from the translation start codon ATG in @entity19 . From our results, and those of others, we suggest that the S-antigen gene has evolved from a common ancestor gene by either insertion or deletion of introns. Such an alteration of gene structure may have played a role in the evolution of the S-antigen.

title: The mouse S-antigen gene. Comparison with XXXX and @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional teaching assumes that the distal arterial tree is maximally dilated in @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Endovascular or arterial bypass procedures are the commonly used interventions to increase distal perfusion. However, other forms of treatment such as spinal cord stimulation or intermittent pneumatic compression ( @entity5524 ) have been shown to improve limb salvage rates. This prospective study was designed to determine if the use of @entity5524 increases popliteal, gastrocnemial, collateral arterial, and skin blood flow in @entity1 with @entity63 . METHODS: Twenty limbs with @entity63 in 20 @entity1 (mean age, 74 years) were evaluated with duplex ultrasound scans and laser Doppler fluxmetry in the semi-erect position before, during, and after @entity5524 . One pneumatic cuff was applied on the foot and the other on the @entity291 . The maximum inflation pressure was 120 mm Hg and was applied for 3 seconds at three cycles per minute. All @entity1 had at least two-level disease by arteriography. Fourteen limbs were characterized as inoperable, and six were considered marginal for reconstruction. Flow volumes were measured in the popliteal, medial gastrocnemial, and a genicular collateral artery. Skin blood flux was measured on the dorsum of the foot at the same time. RESULTS: Significant flow increase during the application of @entity5524 was found in all three arteries (18/20 limbs) compared with baseline values (P < .02). The highest change was seen in the popliteal, followed by the gastrocnemial and the collateral artery. After the cessation of @entity5524 , the flow returned to baseline. This was attributed to the elevation of time average velocity, as the diameter of the arteries remained unchanged. The skin blood flux increased significantly as well (P < .03). In the two limbs without an increase in the arterial or skin blood flow, significant popliteal vein reflux was found. Both limbs were amputated shortly after. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5524 increases axial, muscular, collateral, and skin blood flow in @entity1 with @entity63 and may be beneficial to those who are not candidates for revascularization. @entity1 with significant @entity1211 may not benefit from @entity5524 . This supports the theory that one of the mechanisms by which @entity5524 enhances flow is by increasing the arteriovenous pressure gradient.

title: Hemodynamic effects of intermittent pneumatic compression in XXXX with @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1368 is a cause of @entity101 in up to 10% of @entity101 @entity1 , but the mechanisms by which excess @entity1369 raises arterial pressure remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the systemic and regional haemodynamic changes during the development and maintenance of @entity1369 -induced @entity101 and the effect of sympathetic and vasopressin blockade. METHODS: Responses to intravenous infusion of @entity1369 (10 microg/h) for 4 weeks were determined in five conscious @entity742 . The effects of sympathetic blockade with @entity1169 and @entity5521 or @entity42932 blockade with SR59049 were investigated in six further @entity742 infused with @entity1369 . RESULTS: @entity1369 progressively increased the mean arterial pressure by 20 mmHg over 4 weeks (P < 0.001). The changes in cardiac output were variable between animals, resulting in no overall significant change. Total peripheral conductance was significantly decreased due to selective reductions in mesenteric conductance (from 6.17 +/- 0.27 to 4.46 +/- 0.15 ml/min per mmHg, P < 0.001) and iliac conductance (from 1.54 +/- 0.21 to 1.27 +/- 0.15 ml/min per mmHg, P < 0.001). In contrast, renal and coronary conductance were unchanged and renal blood flow increased from 290 +/- 17 to 350 +/- 28 ml/min (P < 0.01) and coronary blood flow from 34.7 +/- 3.0 to 44.6 +/- 2.5 ml/min (P < 0.05). These @entity1369 -induced changes were not inhibited by sympathetic or @entity42932 blockade. CONCLUSION: Excess @entity1369 caused a slow progressive increase in arterial pressure, which in the long term depended on reduced total peripheral conductance. This resulted from vasoconstriction in the gut and skeletal muscle, but not the kidney. These effects were not mediated by the sympathetic nervous system or vasopressin.

title: Differential regional haemodynamic changes during mineralocorticoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['Primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study quantifies the estimated @entity190 in seven groups of orthognathic surgical procedures and the risk of requiring perioperative blood transfusion, and identifies the factors relating to @entity190 and need for transfusion. @entity1 AND METHODS: The records of 506 consecutive @entity1 who underwent various orthognathic surgical procedures under @entity551 anesthesia from 1987 to 1990 were analyzed retrospectively. All procedures were performed by the authors in the same hospital setting. @entity1 were placed in seven groups based on the operation(s) performed, including single-jaw and double-jaw procedures. Estimated @entity190 was calculated for each group and was correlated with @entity1 ' sex, age, and year of surgery, and whether they autodonated blood. The volume of intravenous (IV) fluids given was also recorded. RESULTS: Average estimated @entity190 for all groups was 273.23 mL. Double-jaw procedures resulted in more @entity190 than single-jaw procedures. @entity1 and @entity1 had a higher average @entity190 than @entity1 and @entity1 , but average @entity190 was not affected significantly by @entity1 ' age or year of surgery. Only four @entity1 (0.8%) received blood transfusions, and their average estimated @entity190 was 975 mL. The percentage of @entity1 autodonating increased from 10.4% in 1987 to 54.9% in 1990. There was no significant difference in the percentage of autodonators by surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The need for blood transfusion in this study was extremely low. Factors contributing to this are believed to be use of @entity551 anesthesia; a single surgical team; and a constant surgical setting. @entity1 having double-jaw surgery are at greater risk for @entity190 than those having single-jaw procedures, and should be so advised, along with the risks of blood transfusion. The authors believe that under the conditions of this study the use of autodonation is not necessary, with the possible exception of complex double-jaw procedures involving small @entity1 .

title: Average XXXX and the risk of requiring perioperative blood transfusion in 506 orthognathic surgical procedures.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity731 is considered to be an @entity32 in which monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages play a key role. Circulating monocytes can be divided into three distinct subtypes, namely in classical monocytes (CM; @entity5750 ++ @entity4071 -), intermediate monocytes (IM; @entity5750 ++ @entity4071 +) and non-classical monocytes (NCM; @entity5750 + @entity4071 ++). Low density lipoprotein particles are heterogeneous in size and density, with small, dense LDL (sdLDL) crucially implicated in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine whether monocyte subsets are associated with sdLDL serum levels. METHODS: We included 90 @entity1 with angiographically documented stable @entity453 and determined monocyte subtypes by flow cytometry. sdLDL was measured by an electrophoresis method on @entity2975 gel. RESULTS: @entity1 with sdLDL levels in the highest tertile (sdLDL>= 4mg/dL;T3) showed the highest levels of pro-inflammatory NCM (15.2  7% vs. 11.4  6% and 10.9  4%, respectively; p<0.01) when compared with @entity1 in the middle (sdLDL=2-3mg/dL;T2) and lowest tertile (sdLDL=0-1mg/dL;T1). Furthermore, @entity1 in the highest sdLDL tertile showed lower CM levels than @entity1 in the middle and lowest tertile (79.2  8% vs. 83.9  7% and 82.7  5%; p<0.01 for T3 vs. T2+T1). Levels of IM were not related to sdLDL levels (5.6  4% vs. 4.6  3% vs. 6.4  3% for T3, T2 and T1, respectively). In contrast to monocyte subset distribution, levels of circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were not associated with sdLDL levels. CONCLUSION: The atherogenic lipoprotein fraction sdLDL is associated with an increase of NCM and a decrease of CM. This could be a new link between lipid metabolism dysregulation, innate immunity and @entity731 .

title: Association of Small Dense LDL Serum Levels and Circulating Monocyte Subsets in Stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity583 and @entity3459 are leading causes of disability and @entity204 in the world. An important role of the lectin complement pathway in @entity583 and coagulation has been demonstrated in @entity19 genetically deficient in lectin complement pathway proteins. However, these studies are limited to comparisons between wild-type and deficient @entity19 and lack the ability to examine reversal/inhibition of injury after disease establishment. We developed a novel @entity19 that expresses functional @entity1 @entity8166 under the control of @entity58038 promoter. Serum @entity39039 concentrations averaged approximately 3  g/mL in @entity39039 (+/+) @entity58038 (-/-) @entity39039 (-/-) [ @entity39039 knock in (KI)] mice. Serum @entity39039 level in @entity39039 KI @entity19 significantly increased after 7 (8  g/mL) or 14 (9  g/mL) days of @entity4854 compared to normoglycemic @entity19 (P  <  0.001). Monoclonal antibody @entity58039 inhibited C3 deposition on mannan-coated plates in @entity39039 KI, but not wild-type, @entity19 . @entity741 /reperfusion in @entity39039 KI @entity19 revealed that @entity58039 preserved cardiac function and decreased @entity1188 size and fibrin deposition in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, @entity58039 prevented @entity30059 -induced occlusive arterial thrombogenesis in  vivo. @entity39039 KI @entity19 represent a novel animal model that can be used to study the lectin complement pathway in acute and chronic models of @entity1 disease. Furthermore, these novel @entity19 demonstrate the therapeutic window for @entity39039 inhibition for effective treatment of disease and its complications.

title: XXXX Mannose-Binding Lectin Inhibitor Prevents Myocardial Injury and Arterial Thrombogenesis in a Novel Animal Model.

entities_list: @entity30059 :: ('MESH:C024555', 'Chemical') :: ['ferric chloride']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity8166 :: ('4153', 'Gene') :: ['mannose-binding lectin (MBL) 2']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PI ( @entity4357 ) is a ubiquitous eukaryotic phospholipid which serves as a precursor for messenger molecules and GPI ( @entity4495 ) anchors. PI is synthesized either de novo or by head group exchange by a PIS (PI synthase). The synthesis of GPI anchors has previously been validated both genetically and chemically as a drug target in @entity3177 , the causative parasite of @entity7247 . However, nothing is known about the synthesis of PI in this organism. Database mining revealed a putative TbPIS gene in the @entity3177 genome and by recombinant expression and characterization it was shown to encode a catalytically active PIS, with a high specificity for @entity8580 . Immunofluorescence revealed that in @entity3177 , PIS is found in both the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. We created a conditional double knockout of TbPIS in the bloodstream form of @entity3177 , which when grown under non-permissive conditions, clearly showed that TbPIS is an essential gene. In vivo labelling of these conditional double knockout cells confirmed this result, showing a decrease in the amount of PI formed by the cells when grown under non-permissive conditions. Furthermore, quantitative and qualitative analysis by GLC- @entity15 and ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 (electrospray ionization @entity15 / @entity15 ) respectively showed a significant decrease (70%) in cellular PI, which appears to affect all major PI species equally. A consequence of this fall in PI level is a knock-on reduction in GPI biosynthesis which is essential for the parasite's survival. The results presented here show that PI synthesis is essential for bloodstream form @entity3177 , and to our knowledge this is the first report of the dependence on PI synthesis of a protozoan parasite by genetic validation.

title: @entity4357 synthesis is essential in bloodstream form XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'T. brucei']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['African sleeping sickness']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of optimized CT treatment planning offered better coverage of axillary level III (LIII)/supraclavicular (SC) targets than the empirically derived dose prescription that are commonly used. MATERIALS/METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive @entity0 @entity1 who underwent CT treatment planning of a SC field were evaluated. Each @entity1 was categorized according to body mass index (BMI) classes: normal, overweight, or @entity28 . The SC and LIII nodal beds were contoured, and four treatment plans for each @entity1 were generated. Three of the plans used empiric dose prescriptions, and these were compared with a CT-optimized plan. Each plan was evaluated by two criteria: whether 98% of target volume receive >90% of prescribed dose and whether < 5% of the irradiated volume received 105% of prescribed dose. RESULTS: The mean depth of SC and LIII were 3.2 cm (range, 1.4-6.7 cm) and 3.1 (range, 1.7-5.8 cm). The depth of these targets varied according across BMI classes (p = 0.01). Among the four sets of plans, the CT-optimized plans were the most successful at achieving both of the dosimetry objectives for every BMI class (normal BMI, p = .003; overweight BMI, p < .0001; @entity28 BMI, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Across all BMI classes, routine radiation prescriptions did not optimally cover intended targets for every @entity1 . Optimized CT-based treatment planning generated the most successful plans; therefore, we recommend the use of routine CT simulation and treatment planning of SC fields in @entity0 .

title: Treatment optimization using computed tomography-delineated targets should be used for supraclavicular irradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Alterations of the @entity1722 ( @entity1722 have been associated with @entity105 and poor prognosis of certain @entity5 . A single nucleotide polymorphism (Ile/ @entity2596 , @entity4866 ) in the transmembrane domain was reported to be associated with a risk of @entity0 . In our study, we examined the association between the @entity1722 polymorphism and @entity356 . The Ile/Ile, Ile/ @entity2596 and @entity2596 / @entity2596 genotypes were found in 146 (68.9%), 56 (26.4%) and 10 (4.7%) of 212 @entity356 @entity1 and in 234 (81.5%), 48 (16.7%) and 5 (1.8%) of 287 control subjects, respectively. The Ile/ @entity2596 or @entity2596 / @entity2596 genotype was significantly more frequent in @entity1 than in controls (p = 0.005 and 0.033, respectively). The OR of @entity2596 / @entity2596 genotype then revealed a significantly enhanced risk of 3.25 (95% CI 1.09-9.70) compared to Ile/Ile genotype; heterozygous Ile/ @entity2596 genotype showed an intermediate risk of 1.97 (1.27-3.06). In @entity1 , @entity189 of advanced stage were significantly more frequent in @entity1 with Ile/ @entity2596 or @entity2596 / @entity2596 genotype than those with Ile/Ile genotype (p < 0.001). The logistic regression analysis for @entity5 invasion, lymph node @entity3 and distant @entity3 revealed that lymph node @entity3 was most closely associated with the @entity1722 genotype. These results suggest that this nucleotide polymorphism in the transmembrane domain-coding region of @entity1722 could be associated with development of @entity356 and may serve as a predictor of risk for a malignant phenotype of @entity356 . The association of @entity1722 genotype with clinicopathologic characteristics of @entity356 was also suggested, which has to be confirmed with a larger sample size.

title: A single nucleotide polymorphism in the transmembrane domain coding region of XXXX is associated with development and malignant phenotype of @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A/G']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) has become one of the preferred procedures for circumferential fusion in the lumbar spine. Over the last decade, advances in surgical techniques have enabled surgeons to perform the @entity2649 procedure through a minimally invasive approach ( @entity2649 ). There are a few studies reported in the medical literature in which perioperative complication rates of @entity2649 were evaluated; here, the authors present the largest cohort series to date. They analyzed intraoperative and perioperative complications in 513 consecutive @entity2649 -treated @entity1 with @entity1798 . METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 513 consecutive @entity1 treated over a 10-year period for @entity1798 using @entity2649 . All @entity1 undergoing either a first-time or revision 1- or 2-level @entity2649 procedure were included in the study. Demographic, intraoperative, and perioperative data were collected and analyzed using bivariate analyses (Student t-test, analysis of variance, odds ratio, chi-square test) and multivariate analyses (logistic regression). RESULTS A total of 513 @entity1 underwent an @entity2649 procedure, and the perioperative complication rate was 15.6%. The incidence of durotomy was 5.1%, and the medical and surgical @entity281 rates were 1.4% and 0.2%, respectively. A statistically significant increase in the @entity281 rate was seen in revision @entity2649 cases, and the same was found for the perioperative complication rate in multilevel @entity2649 cases. Instrumentation failure occurred in 2.3% of the cases. After analysis, no statistically significant difference was seen in the rates of durotomy during revision and multilevel surgeries. There was no significant difference between the complication rates when stratified according to presenting diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the largest study of perioperative complications in @entity2649 in the literature. A total of 513 @entity1 underwent @entity2649 (perioperative complication rate 15.6%). The most common complication was a durotomy (5.1%), and there was only 1 surgical wound @entity281 (0.2%). There were significantly more @entity281 in revision @entity2649 cases and more perioperative complications in multilevel @entity2649 cases. The results of this study suggest that @entity2649 has a similar or better perioperative complication profile than those documented in the literature for open- @entity2649 treatment of @entity179 .

title: Intraoperative and perioperative complications in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a review of 513 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['MI-TLIF', 'TLIF', 'Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['perioperative infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar spine disease']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar degenerative disc disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Decompressive craniotomy (DC) in @entity1 is a life--saving procedure for the treatment of @entity428 related to traumatic, @entity63 and infectious lesions. Different surgical procedures have been proposed including uni or bilateral hemicraniectomy, bi--frontal, bi--temporal, or bi--parietal craniotomies. DC can avoid the cascade of events related to tissue @entity519 , brain perfusion reduction, @entity551 and the evolution of @entity2657 that can be responsible for @entity75 . The monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is very important to take a decision as well as the value of @entity129 ( @entity129 ). Repeated @entity129 in the intensive care unit give important information about the decrease of the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and facilitates the decision making. The important question is about how long time we have to wait before to perform the DC. Three conditions can be distinguished: -- ICP stable and @entity129 with good parameters: the decision can be postponed. -- ICP > 20 mmHg with good @entity129 and without clinical signs of deterioration: the decision can be postponed. -- ICP > 20 mmHg with altered CPP and degraded @entity129 value and clinical signs of @entity75 : the surgical procedure is indicated. The decision of a ventricular drainage can also be discussed but in cases of slit ventricles it is preferable to realize a DC to avoid the problems of multiple taps without finding the ventricular system. In some very specific situations, DC has to be contraindicated. The first one is a prolonged @entity1167 with a no--flow longer than 15 minutes and irreversible lesions on the @entity129 or on the CT--scan. The second most common situation is a @entity1 with GCS of 3 on admission associated with bilaterally fixed dilated pupils. In this case @entity129 is very useful to document the decrease or the absence of diastolic flux that indicates a very poor cerebral perfusion. In case of severe polytraumatism with @entity177 , especially in very severe @entity548 with incontrollable @entity1003 , the realization of DC is definitely hazardous with y a high risk of @entity1167 during the surgical procedure. The decision to realize a hemicraniectomy or a bi--frontal craniotomy is related to the presence or not of associated traumatic lesions as @entity548 or a sub--dural or extradural @entity1410 . In cases of @entity2657 the bi--frontal bone flap is indicated. In all cases a closure of the dura matter with a large dural patch has to be performed avoiding compression of the nervous system. Our results showed a mortality rate of 18%. Eighty percent of the survivors have a good quality of life but only 43% in a scholar age could attend a normal program. @entity1 treated with DC need a long follow--up and an important rehabilitation program to improve their quality of life. Our report shows that DC in @entity1 is effective to control the post--traumatic @entity428 but a long follow--up is recommended to access the sequels and quality of life of these @entity1 .

title: Decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of post-traumatic @entity428 in XXXX . Our philosophy and indications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['TCD', 'Trans cranial Doppler']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cerebral edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic contusions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension', 'refractory intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain herniation']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardio--pulmonary arrest', 'cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After bariatric surgery, lifting of the lower body involves a contouring technique used to achieve optimal lower trunk reconstruction. The authors describe an innovative procedure applicable after massive @entity353 : the @entity9625 -body lift method. The authors describe their experience with this novel, safe procedure. METHODS: Twenty-five abdominal body-contouring reconstructions following massive @entity353 were treated by means of circumferential @entity9625 -body lift. The authors describe the indications for the procedure and their perioperative and postoperative management. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 39.4 years. The mean pre-body lift body mass index was 26.71 kg/m; the average @entity353 before surgery was 56.6 kg, with a mean delta body mass index loss of 20.82 kg/m. The average hospital stay was 3.52 days and the drainage duration 3.56 days. No @entity1 experienced any major complication (e.g., @entity1410 , @entity1031 , @entity548 , @entity39 , or a need for revision surgery to treat complications). Minor complications including wound @entity6783 , wound @entity281 , and fat @entity39 were reported in 40 percent of @entity1 . The occurrence of complications was associated with smoking status (p = 0.0280), the volume of liposuction (p = 0.0399), and the liposuction volume per unit of body mass index (p = 0.0071). CONCLUSIONS: The authors' novel technique is less invasive than the traditional lower body-lifting method, as shown by the absence of major complications, and allows excellent conservation of connective tissue and vessels; undermining is minimal. As @entity28 becomes a major problem worldwide, lifting procedures that are safe and effective are important components of reconstructive strategies and should be widely offered to @entity1 who experience massive @entity353 . CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: The XXXX -Body Lift: A New Circumferential Body-Contouring Technique Useful after Bariatric Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

answer: @entity9625 :: (8091,Gene) :: ['Lipo']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin II contributes to atherogenesis, mainly through oxidative stress and @entity32 . Recent data suggest that @entity1369 is implicated in some effects of angiotensin II. We hypothesized that @entity1369 could directly contribute to oxidative stress and @entity731 formation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 6 weeks of age were placed on a normal diet or 1.25% high- @entity165 diet. After 6 weeks of the high- @entity165 diet, a marked increase in @entity731 formation was observed in the aorta, accompanied by significant elevation of plasma @entity165 level. Production of @entity224 anion and expression of @entity1110 oxidase subunit p47phox, @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, and @entity1750 in the aorta were increased with the high- @entity165 diet. @entity14292 (1.67 g/kg in high- @entity165 diet) did not affect blood pressure or plasma @entity165 but decreased the @entity731 area by nearly 70% (P<0.05), associated with attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. @entity917 (0.5 mg/kg per day) also decreased the @entity731 , whereas coadministration of @entity917 and @entity14292 further decreased it. Moreover, @entity1369 (0.1 micromol/L) enhanced @entity1110 oxidase activity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity1369 may play a critical role in atherogenesis subsequent to oxidative stress in part independent of angiotensin II-mediated signaling, and that @entity14292 could prevent @entity731 by attenuating oxidative stress and @entity32 .

title: @entity14292 with @entity917 effectively reduces XXXX by attenuation of oxidative stress and @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone', 'Eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic lesion', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesion']


abstract: AIM: @entity2521 ( @entity2521 ) is influenced by genetic as well as life-style and socio-economic factors. Epidemiological studies show that @entity1 are at greater risk of severe forms of @entity2521 , suggesting interplay between sex and genetic factors. We aimed to systematically analyze @entity1 with @entity146 ( @entity146 ) for gene-sex interactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 329 German @entity146 cases and 983 controls were genotyped with Affymetrix 500K Arrays and were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The most significant gene-sex interaction was replicated in an independent sample of 382 German/Austrian @entity146 cases and 489 controls. RESULTS: Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in strong linkage disequilibrium (r(2) >0.85) upstream the gene @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) suggested gene-sex interaction (p<5x10(-5) ). SNP @entity57224 showed the strongest association in interaction with sex (p=5.4x10(-6) ) with odds ratios in males and females of 1.63 and 0.69, respectively. In the replication, interaction of sex with @entity57224 was verified with p=0.022 (pooled p=4.03x10(-6) ) and similar genetic effects. Analysis of chromatin elements from ENCODE data revealed tissue specific transcription at the associated non-coding region. CONCLUSION: The current study is the first to observe a sexually dimorphic role of alleles at @entity7766 in @entity1 and support previous genome-wide findings of a role of @entity7766 in severe @entity2521 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Genome-wide exploration identifies sex-specific genetic effects of alleles upstream XXXX to increase the risk of severe @entity2521 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['AgP', 'aggressive periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['Periodontitis', 'PD']

answer: @entity7766 :: (4852,Gene) :: ['NPY']


abstract: We present a rare case of a 47-year-old @entity1 admitted to our maxillofacial surgery department for a large cervicofacial @entity1211 . The @entity1 underwent fluoroscopy-guided intralesional foam sclerotherapy with @entity13420 and air under general anaesthesia. On awakening, after 48   h of endotracheal intubation, she displayed @entity4653 and @entity6447 . Her brain CT scan showed no @entity548 . A chest CT scan ruled out a potential @entity1151 . Suspicion for a paradoxical @entity887 was high and echocardiography confirmed a @entity4616 , which acted as a passageway for the embolus. Transcranial ultrasound showed mild right-to-left heart shunting. The @entity4653 and @entity6447 disappeared gradually over 48   h, thus confirming a reversible @entity51 . A brain MRI performed 1   week later showed no @entity548 . The @entity1 recovered completely. She was advised cardiosurgical follow-up and discharged.

title: Paradoxical embolism following intralesional sclerotherapy for cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13420 :: ('MESH:D012981', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium tetradecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic or haemorrhagic lesions', 'haemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['dysmetria']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous malformation']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous malformation']


abstract: A @entity5336 complex, [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O], of different morphologies has been obtained via a modified hydrothermal procedure using @entity4605 and @entity48426 salt as the starting material. The evolved [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] nanobelts are of 50-200 nm in width and of a length up to several millimeters. At higher temperatures (600   C), the solid [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] nanostructures are converted to @entity18251 ( @entity18251 ) and @entity24229 ( @entity4962 ) when heated in air and @entity1568 atmosphere, respectively. During growth, the mechanism of the evolution of octahedra, truncated octahedra, and hollow truncated octahedra of [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] are reported for the first time. These types of well-structured morphology are also isolated while @entity18251 and @entity4962 are evolved. The as-grown belt-like and octahedral morphologies of [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] are retained during the solid-state transformation, suggesting a route to evolve crystalline nanomaterials. Again, the morphological evolution of the [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] nanostructures has been examined to be @entity4605 and precursor @entity48426 (VS) concentration dependent. Thus, we are able to isolate truncated octahedra as an intermediate during the formation of [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] nanobelts and nanoflowers with a high @entity4605 (Py) concentration. Interestingly, longer reaction times successively featured the transformation of truncated octahedra into nanobelts. Nanobelt evolution is not observed at low @entity4605 concentrations. However, the formation of octahedral morphology takes place at low @entity4605 concentration. All of the nanostructures were critically examined and characterized thoroughly by various physical techniques to ascertain their purity, structure and composition. An interesting, thermodynamically stable, single crystalline product from DMF soluble [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O] has been characterized, which indirectly supports the composition of [(C5H5N)2V2O3  H2O]. Selectively, @entity18251 nanobelts have been found to be an efficient catalyst for the oxidative coupling of @entity28744 to binaphthols under a molecular @entity26 atmosphere.

title: Solid-state transformation of single precursor @entity5336 complex nanostructures to XXXX and @entity4962 : catalytic activity of @entity18251 for oxidative coupling of @entity28744 .

entities_list: @entity4605 :: ('MESH:C023666', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity18251 :: ('MESH:C066075', 'Chemical') :: ['V2O5', 'vanadium pentoxide']

entities_list: @entity48426 :: ('MESH:C034028', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadyl sulfate', 'VOSO4']

entities_list: @entity24229 :: ('CHEBI:30047', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5336 :: ('MESH:D014639', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadium']

answer: @entity18251 :: (MESH:C066075,Chemical) :: ['V2O5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recent development of tissue microarray ( @entity10226 ) technology allows high-throughput protein expression profiling of @entity5 tissues by immunohistochemistry. We attempted to clarify the derivation of undifferentiated-type @entity356 with tubular component by using @entity10226 . METHODS: We constructed a @entity10226 system composed of six @entity982 blocks in which 274 samples of @entity406 -fixed @entity356 tissue from 274 @entity1 were embedded. Using this system, we performed immunohistochemical stains for five @entity5 suppressor and @entity5 -related proteins, i.e. @entity876 , @entity986 , @entity6756 , @entity1722 and @entity787 ( @entity787 ). The 274 @entity356 were histopathologically divided into the following three groups according to the degree of differentiation: differentiated-type (D-type), undifferentiated-type with tubular component (UT-type) and pure undifferentiated-type (UP-type). Immunohistochemical results were then compared with histological types. RESULTS: The percentages of abnormal expression of each protein in D-type, UT-type and @entity189 were as follows: 27% (38/143), 17% (17/98) and 15% (5/33) for @entity876 ; 27% (39/143), 19% (19/98) and 18% (6/33) for @entity986 ; 38% (54/143), 44% (43/98) and 24% (8/33) for @entity6756 ; 15% (22/143), 5% (5/98) and 0% (0/33) for @entity1722 ; and 22% (31/143), 35% (34/98) and 70% (23/33) for @entity787 . @entity189 exhibited the lowest frequencies of abnormal expression for @entity876 , @entity986 , @entity6756 and @entity1722 , but the highest frequencies for @entity787 . @entity189 generally showed intermediate frequencies between those of D-type and @entity189 . Differences between D-type and UP-type for @entity1722 (P < 0.05) and @entity787 (P < 0.001) were significant, as were differences between D-type and UT-type for @entity1722 (P < 0.05) and @entity787 (P < 0.05), and differences between UT-type and UP-type for @entity6756 (P < 0.05) and @entity787 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal that @entity356 have distinct expression profiles for @entity5 suppressor and @entity5 -related proteins depending on histological types, and support the hypothesis that @entity189 are derived not only from D-type but also from @entity189 . We also found significant differences between abnormal protein expression and other clinicopathological parameters such as gender, age and status of @entity5 and nodes.

title: Expression of @entity5 suppressor and XXXX -related proteins in differentiated @entity189 with tubular component and pure undifferentiated @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['UP-type carcinomas', 'UT-type carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of neighborhood and healthcare access factors on @entity5 outcomes among @entity1 enrolled in navigator programs is not clearly understood. This study assessed associations between: (i) neighborhood factors and diagnostic time to resolution (TTR) and (ii) geographic access and TTR following an abnormal breast or cervical @entity5 screening test among @entity1 participating in the Ohio @entity1 Navigator Research Program (OPNRP). METHODS: @entity1 (demographic, socioeconomic status, home-to-clinic distance) and neighborhood (deprivation, racial segregation) characteristics of 801 @entity1 living in one of 285 census tracts (CT) in greater Columbus, Ohio were examined. Randomization to receive navigation occurred at the clinic level. Multilevel Cox regression and spatial analysis were used to estimate effects of various factors on TTR and assess model assumptions, respectively. RESULTS: TTR increased as neighborhood deprivation increased. After adjustment for age, friend social support, education, and healthcare status, the TTR among @entity1 living in a neighborhood with a moderate median household income (between  36,147 and  53,099) was shorter compared with @entity1 living in low median household income neighborhoods (< 36,147; P < 0.05). There is little evidence that unmeasured confounders are geographically patterned. CONCLUSIONS: Increased neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation was associated with longer TTR following an abnormal breast or cervical @entity5 screening test. IMPACT: These results highlight the need for addressing @entity1 - and neighborhood-level factors to reduce @entity5 disparities among underserved populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2819-28.   2014 AACR.

title: Neighborhood factors associated with time to resolution following an abnormal breast or cervical XXXX screening test.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The presence of muscarinic receptors (MR) in the ovary of different species has been recognized, but the identity of these receptors as well as ovarian sources of their natural ligand, @entity934 ( @entity1617 ), have not been determined. Because luteinized @entity1 granulosa cells (GC) in culture express functional MR, we have determined whether the group of the related MR subtypes, M1R, @entity56014 , and @entity58053 , are present in vivo in @entity1 and @entity2608 ovaries. To this end, ribonucleic acids (RNAs) of different @entity1 and monkey ovaries as well as RNAs from @entity1 GC and monkey oocytes were reverse transcribed and subjected to PCR amplification, followed by sequencing of the amplified complementary DNAs. Results obtained showed that M1R, @entity56014 , and @entity58053 messenger RNAs are present in adult @entity1 and monkey ovaries; oocytes express exclusively the M3R subtype, whereas GC express M1R and M5R. To determine the ovarian source(s) of the natural ligand of these @entity1617 receptors, we attempted to localize the enzyme responsible for its synthesis with the help of a monoclonal antibody recognizing @entity1877 acetyltransferase for immunohistochemistry. In neither @entity1 nor monkey sections did we detect immunoreactive @entity1877 acetyltransferase-positive fibers or nerve cells, but, surprisingly, GC of antral follicles showed prominent staining. To determine whether GC can produce @entity1617 , @entity1 cultured GC derived from preovulatory follicles were analyzed using a high pressure liquid chromatography technique. The results showed that these cells contained @entity1617 in concentrations ranging from 4.2-11.5 pmol/10(6) cells. Samples of a @entity35 granulosa cell line likewise contained @entity1617 . Thus, the ovary contains multiple MR, and GC of antral follicles are able to synthesize @entity1617 , the ligand of MR. We propose that @entity1617 may serve as an as yet unrecognized factor involved in the complex regulation of ovarian function in the primate, e.g. regulation of cell proliferation or @entity1420 production.

title: Expression of muscarinic receptor types in the primate ovary and evidence for nonneuronal XXXX synthesis.

entities_list: @entity56014 :: ('p|SUB|M|3|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M3R']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity58053 :: ('p|SUB|M|5|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M5R']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Proper selection of @entity1 and stent-graft combinations in @entity439 repair (EVAR) depends on knowledge and experience with the different types of stents that have to be adapted to the @entity1 's unique abdominal aortoiliac anatomy. The aim of this study was to analyze the consistency and variance in EVAR suitability assessment between clinicians. METHODS: Worksheets that contained anatomic data derived from computed tomography scans and angiography were compiled for 202 @entity1 . Five clinicians, all experienced in EVAR surgery, assessed the anatomic data on the worksheets for suitability for three types of stent-grafts. The obtained 3030 assessments represented a quantification of the likelihood of success the clinician expected for effective and durable sealing and fixation of the stent-graft in EVAR. The Delphi method was used to determine consensus in the thinking process among clinicians, and kappa analysis was used to determine the proportion of variances in the assessment result between clinicians. RESULTS: With the Delphi method, Cronbach alpha values of 0.87, 0.87, and 0.90 were reached for the three types of stent-grafts in the second assessment round. The individual clinician-group correlation in round two was between 0.69 and 0.86 for clinicians 1, 2, 3, and 4. Between clinician 5 and the others, correlation varied between 0.43 and 0.64. The kappa values ranged between 0.32 and 0.51 among clinicians 1, 2, and 3. Between clinician 5 and the others, kappa values between 0.08 and 0.29 were reached. CONCLUSION: EVAR suitability estimation in a cohort of @entity1 is highly consistent in a group of experienced clinicians. The EVAR suitability estimation at the individual @entity1 level varies substantially between clinicians, however. Aggregating expert opinions in @entity1028 anatomic suitability assessment for EVAR had the opportunity to replace individual clinician decision diversification in a more solid and consistent group decision process.

title: Consistency in XXXX repair suitability assessment requires group decision audit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: Metabolic gene polymorphisms have previously been suggested as risk factors for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). These polymorphisms are involved in activation or detoxification of carcinogens in cigarette smoke which is another @entity1358 risk factor. We evaluated gene-environment interactions between @entity4187 , GSTmicro1 and smoking in a large population-based @entity1358 case group. The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and @entity5 (NLCS) comprises 120,852 @entity1 who completed a questionnaire on smoking and other risk factors at baseline. After 11.3 years of follow-up, 337 incident @entity1358 cases were identified. DNA was collected for 245 cases. In a case-only analysis, interaction-odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using logistic regression. We observed a moderate, not statistically significant, interaction between current smoking and @entity4187 *2C (OR 1.42; 95% CI 0.70-2.89) and GSTmicro1 null (OR 1.35; 95% CI 0.65-2.79). For current smokers with both a variant (heterozygous or homozygous) in @entity4187 and GSTmicro1 null, risk was also increased (OR 1.63; 95% CI 0.63-4.24). No interaction was observed between ever smokers, smoking duration (increments of 10 smoking years) or amount (increments of 5 cigarettes/day) and CYP1A or GSTmicro1. Our results show a modest trend towards a statistically significant gene-environment interaction between @entity4187 , GSTmicro1 and smoking in @entity1358 . This could indicate that @entity1358 risk among smokers might be more increased with the @entity4187 *2C genotype, GSTmicro1 null, or both a @entity4187 variant and GSTmicro1 null.

title: Polymorphisms in genes related to activation or detoxification of carcinogens might interact with smoking to increase renal cancer risk: results from The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effect and mechanism of @entity33364 on synaptic plasticity of freely moving @entity35 . METHODS: SD @entity35 were chronically implanted with a stimulation electrode in the perforant path (PP) of hippocampus and a recording electrode in the granule cell of dentate gyrus. After administration of @entity33364 (10, 30 mg/kg, ip) for 12 d, extracellular recording technique was used to record the population spike (PS). @entity28802 ( @entity28802 ) sprouting was measured using Timm's staining, and an immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of presynaptic @entity9270 ( @entity9270 ). RESULTS: @entity13886 could significantly increase the sensitivity of evoking PS, the amplitude of PS and induce PP-DG long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of freely moving @entity35 . In the meantime, @entity13886 accelerated @entity28802 sprouting in CA3 cell field of hippocampus. The expression level of @entity9270 was elevated in granule cell layer and hilus of DG of @entity13886 -treated @entity35 . CONCLUSION: The increased synaptic plasticity may attribute to the increased expression of @entity9270 in granule cell layer of DG and the onset of the sprouting of granule cell axon- @entity28802 . The @entity28802 sprouting accelerated the synaptic transmission in positive-feedback. Their interaction and the synergism is part of the mechanisms underlying the nootropic effect of @entity13886 .

title: Effects of XXXX on synaptic plasticity of freely moving @entity35 and its mechanism of action.

entities_list: @entity33364 :: ('MESH:C035054', 'Chemical') :: ['ginsenoside Rg1', 'ginsenoside Rg(1)']

answer: @entity33364 :: (MESH:C035054,Chemical) :: ['ginsenoside Rg1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type-2 @entity6 is associated with systemic @entity32 and higher @entity1851 (CRP) levels. However, the longitudinal association of CRP and haemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) has not been described in large prospective studies. Understanding such associations may shed light on the role of @entity32 in development of @entity2412 such as @entity65 . METHODS: EPIC-Norfolk is a cohort study of @entity1 and @entity1 aged 40-79 years at time of recruitment (1993-1997). Serum CRP (mg/l) was measured using a high-sensitivity assay at baseline and 13-years follow-up. HbA1c (%) was measured at baseline, 4, and 13  years. @entity1 were excluded if they were diagnosed with @entity6 or were taking @entity6 medication. Data on at least one measurement of CRP and HbA1c was available for 14228 @entity1 (55  % of the cohort). RESULTS: In the cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, a 1-SD higher loge-CRP (about three-fold higher CRP) was associated with 0.06 (95  % CI 0.04, 0.08) higher HbA1c (%) adjusted for potential confounders. In longitudinal analysis using multivariable linear mixed models, change in CRP over 13  years was to a similar extent positively associated with increase in HbA1c, such that 1-SD higher longitudinal change in loge-CRP was associated with 0.04 (95  % CI 0.02, 0.05) increase in HbA1c. CONCLUSION: In this study we found longitudinal observational evidence suggesting that increase in systemic @entity32 is associated with an increase in HbA1c and thus systemic @entity32 may have a role in development of @entity2412 .

title: Longitudinal association of XXXX and Haemoglobin A1c over 13  years: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer - Norfolk study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['type-2 diabetes and its complications']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Though advances in knowledge and diagnostics make it possible today to identify @entity1 with early-onset @entity303 or a related @entity73 much sooner, little is known about the support needs of the family caregivers of these @entity1 . The aim of this study was to document the unmet support needs of this specific group of caregivers. This knowledge is essential to open avenues for the development of innovative interventions and professional services tailored to their specific needs. METHODS: This study was conducted using a mixed research design. @entity1 were 32 family caregivers in their 50s recruited through memory clinics and @entity195 Societies in Quebec (Canada). The Family Caregivers Support Agreement (FCSA) tool, based on a partnership approach between caregiver and assessor, was used to collect data in the course of a semi-structured interview, combined with open-ended questions. RESULTS: The unmet support needs reported by nearly 70% of the caregivers were primarily of a psycho-educational nature. Caregivers wished primarily: (1) to receive more information on available help and financial resources; (2) to have their relatives feel valued as @entity1 and to offer them stimulating activities adjusted to their residual abilities; (3) to reduce stress stemming from their caregiver role assumed at an early age and to have the chance to enjoy more time for themselves; and (4) to receive help at the right time and for the help to be tailored to their situation of caregiver of a young @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Results show numerous unmet support needs, including some specific to this group of family caregivers. Use of the FCSA tool allowed accurately assessing the needs that emerged from mutual exchanges. Avenues for professional innovative interventions are proposed.

title: Unmet support needs of early-onset XXXX family caregivers: a mixed-design study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorder']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Detection of early @entity1188 signs on nonenhanced CT is mandatory in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . Loss of the gray-white matter interface at the lentiform nucleus or the insular ribbon has been an important early @entity1188 sign, which affects decisions on thrombolytic therapy. However, its detection is difficult, since early @entity1188 sign is of subtle hypoattenuation. To improve the detectability of early @entity1188 sign, image processing that could reduce local noise while preserving edges is desirable. To examine this issue, we devised an adaptive partial smoothing filter (APSF). Since the APSF markedly improves visibility of the normal gray-white matter interface, loss of the gray-white matter interface due to hypoattenuation could be more easily detected. The APSF was applied to clinical CT images in hyperacute @entity64 @entity1 . Our preliminary results showed that the visibility and detectability of early @entity1188 signs was much improved. To validate the usefulness of the proposed method, two commonly used smoothing filters were also employed for comparison. The results demonstrated the superiority of the APSF. Our proposed APSF can improve the visibility of the gray-white matter interface, thereby enhancing the detectability of early @entity1188 signs.

title: [Improvement in visibility and detectability of early sign of XXXX in nonenhanced CT images by using an adaptive partial smoothing filter].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: Analysis, by benzoylated @entity8851 -cellulose chromatography, has been made of structural change in eu- and heterochromatic DNA from @entity35 liver following administration of the carcinogen @entity1232 (10 mg/kg body weight). Either hepatic DNA was prelabeled with @entity665 administered 2-3 weeks before injection of the carcinogen or the labeled precursor was given during regenerative @entity1373 in @entity35 treated earlier with @entity1232 . Following @entity3971 extraction of either whole liver homogenate or nuclease-fractionated eu- and heterochromatin, carcinogen-modified DNA was examined by stepwise or @entity5834 gradient elution from benzoylated @entity8851 -cellulose. In whole DNA, @entity22463 -induced single-stranded character was maximal 4-24 h after treatment, declining rapidly thereafter; gradient elution of these DNA preparations also provided short-term evidence of structural change. Following incubation of purified nuclei with micrococcal nuclease, 10-12% of labeled DNA was solubilized (eu-chromatin) by 1.0 unit of micrococcal nuclease (5 mg of DNA)-1 mL-1 after 9 min. In prelabeled animals, administration of @entity1232 caused a marked fall in the specific radioactivity of solubilized DNA, while that of sedimenting DNA was not affected. @entity5834 gradient chromatography suggested short-term @entity22463 -induced structural change in euchromatic DNA, while increased binding of heterochromatic DNA was evident for up to 3 months after carcinogen treatment. Preparations of newly synthesized heterochromatic DNA from animals subjected to hepatectomy up to 2 months after carcinogen treatment provided evidence of heritable structural damage. Carcinogen-induced binding of heterochromatic DNA to benzoylated @entity8851 -cellulose was indicative of specific structural lesions whose affinity equalled that of single-stranded DNA up to 1.0 kilobase in length.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Persistent and heritable structural damage induced in heterochromatic DNA from XXXX liver by @entity1232 .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosodimethylamine']

entities_list: @entity22463 :: ('CHEBI:35803', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The relation between thyroid status and diseases and @entity5 is unclear. No detailed analysis of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) expression in @entity1 @entity0 has been reported. We have analysed the expression and mutational status of the TRalpha1, encoded by the c- @entity21126 proto-oncogene, TRbeta1 and TRbeta2 isoforms in 70 @entity0 . Alterations in the RNA level of TRbeta1, TRalpha1, or both were found in a number of @entity1 . No expression of TRbeta2 RNA was detected. Western blotting analysis confirmed the differences in expression at the protein level in those cases where sufficient @entity5 sample was available. Additionally, @entity5 -specific truncated TRbeta1 RNA was found in six @entity1 . Strikingly, three transcripts shared the same breakpoint. Only one @entity5 carried the corresponding deletion at the genomic DNA level, suggesting that the remaining abnormal TRbeta1 transcripts are aberrant splicing products. Though no significant correlation was found between TRbeta1 alteration and any clinical parameter, it showed a tendency to associate with early age of onset (<50 years). Our results reveal specific alterations in the expression of @entity11112 and @entity22910 genes in a subset of @entity0 @entity1 , suggesting that deregulation of thyroid hormone target genes may be involved in the generation of this @entity5 .

title: Expression of thyroid hormone receptor/ @entity21126 genes is altered in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'sporadic breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: To analyze the autoepitopes on the @entity6016 protein, a cDNA covering the entire region coding the protein was isolated from a @entity1 cDNA library. The cDNA was subcloned into an expression plasmid vector, pEX, to express its protein product as a fusion protein with @entity7791 in @entity526 . A recombinant pEX plasmid expressing three-fourths of the protein ( @entity535 112-408) was also constructed. The antigenicities of these recombinant proteins were confirmed with a patient's serum. Their various deletion mutants were produced with exonuclease III treatment from the 3' ends of the cDNAs without changing the proper translational frame. Immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate the reactivities of the recombinant proteins with @entity1 ' sera to determine the autoepitopes. A narrow segment ( @entity535 88-101) and the region where several epitopes were located ( @entity535 283-338) on the @entity6016 protein were universally recognized by all the sera with anti- @entity6016 /La antibodies examined. An additional epitope region ( @entity535 179-220) was recognized by some @entity1 ' sera. Computer analysis revealed that the most distinct autoepitope, @entity535 88-101, had a striking homology to a retroviral @entity13608 . These findings indicate that exogenous or endogenous retroviruses may play a role in initiation of the anti- @entity6016 /La autoimmunity.

title: Fine epitope mapping of the @entity1 XXXX protein. Identification of a distinct autoepitope homologous to a viral @entity13608 .

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['cro-beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity6016 :: (6741,Gene) :: ['SS-B/La']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Facial skin metastases from @entity14 are extremely rare and appear several years after resection of the primary @entity5 . They are an important finding, often being the first sign of @entity3 from a previously treated @entity694 . CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of a 69 year old @entity1 with cutaneous @entity3 to the chin from a previously treated @entity694 . The @entity1 presented with dyspnoea, @entity158 and loss of weight. A chest x-ray revealed a right upper lobe mass of the lung which on subsequent surgical exploration proved to be metastatic from @entity14 resected three years ago. During the postoperative course, a nodule was noted on the chin and excision biopsy revealed it was also a @entity3 from the initial @entity14 . Palliative chemoradiotherapy was administered and the @entity1 survived 8 months. CONCLUSION: High index of suspicion is necessary for the early detection of facial cutaneous metastases from @entity14 . The aim is to start treatment as soon as possible before widespread visceral metastases occur. Cutaneous metastases from @entity14 carry a better prognosis in comparison to those of other @entity5 .

title: Cutaneous @entity3 to the face from XXXX . Case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic pain']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Although it has been claimed that allografts of blood vessels might be successful because of minimal immunogenicity, they are subject to frequent and early failure, the cause of which has not been thoroughly investigated. We sought to define the immune response to allograft bypass. In a prospective trial, 40 @entity1 underwent cryopreserved venous allograft bypass. Allograft biopsies were performed at implantation and at allograft explantation in instances of graft failure. Tissues were evaluated in a blinded manner by means of standard histologic examination and paraffin immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies against a variety of immune markers. During the 31-month follow-up period, 22 allografts were removed, and 19 were suitable for immunohistochemical study. Of these 19, 6 (32%) had moderate or severe infiltrates, which were evenly distributed throughout the intima, media, and adventitia. Immunohistochemical study of the explants demonstrated all of these infiltrates to be leukocytes (+LCA), which were predominantly activated T lymphocytes (+CD3, @entity405 , @entity9637 ) containing cytotoxic granules (+ @entity13433 ). Macrophages were uncommon (+ @entity469 ); B cells (+L26, CD79) and natural killer cells (+ @entity2940 ) were rare. Immunosuppression was associated with decreased presence of cytotoxic granules ( @entity13433 ). @entity1 venous allografts are immunogenic and prompt a T cell-mediated response. Allografts also fail without strong evidence of rejection, presumably because of @entity130 , @entity49 , or @entity3179 . It may be possible to modify the contribution of rejection to venous allograft failure by means of immunosuppression and to modify the contribution of @entity49 by means of anticoagulation.

title: XXXX saphenous vein allograft bypass grafts: immune response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['local hypercoagulability', 'hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['local injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A set of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to @entity1 GH (hGH) was used to study the hormone binding orientation to its receptors (R) from female @entity35 liver. The hGH antigenic region left exposed after its binding to liver microsomes was detected by measuring the ability of various [125I]MAb to bind to the preformed hGH-R complexes. Results indicated that a cluster of epitopes defined by the MAb, termed AE5, @entity60338 , and AE12, remains accessible in the hGH-R complex whereas overlapping epitopes 3C11 and HG3 would define a hGH region involved in the binding site. Supporting these findings, solubilization and HPLC gel filtration of [125I]MAb-hGH-R complexes showed a radioactive peak of about 450,000 mol wt for MAb AE5 or @entity60338 , but not for MAb 3C11 or HG3. [125I]MAb AE12 behaved differently, suggesting that epitope AE12 may be masked or altered in hGH-R-solubilized complexes. MAb directed to the putative hGH-binding site (MAb 3C11, HG3, and the closely related MAb 10C1 and NA71) failed to inhibit binding of the preformed [125I]MAb AE5-hGH complex to the receptors, suggesting a hormone modification after MAb AE5 binding. Accordingly competition experiments indicated an increase in the affinity of hGH for its receptors induced by this MAb. A higher hGH concentration was required to obtain 50% [125I]hGH binding to liver microsomes in the presence of MAb AE5 than in its absence. As the MAb used define epitopes that were previously correlated with the hGH structure, we concluded that a high flexible region (sequences 134-150) is exposed in the hGH-R complex. Furthermore, some MAb directed to this region enhance the hormone affinity for its @entity35 liver receptors, probably through an induced conformational change.

title: Monoclonal antibodies as probes to study the @entity1 growth hormone-binding domain to lactogenic XXXX liver receptors.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical value of spectral CT in diagnosis of negative @entity5990 and common bile duct stones primarily. METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with negative @entity1608 were analyzed and examined by spectral CT scanner retrospectively. Based on acquired raw imaging data, image series were reconstructed as described below: the optimal contrast-to-noise ratio monochromatic energy images, @entity460 - and fat- based material decomposition images and spectral curve images. All these imaging series were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. RESULTS: The contrast between negative stones and adjacent bile was 6.87      5.48 HU on hybrid energy CT images and 47.30      24.05 HU on optimal monochromatic energy CT images. The mean concentration of @entity460 in bile and negative stones was 19.36      5.12 and 3.88      6.60  mg/mL, and the fat in bile and negative stones was 998.48      11.79 and 1035.68      15.36  mg/mL. Effective atomic number Z of negative stones (6.60      0.45) was lower than that of bile (7.65      0.13). The slopes of the spectral curves for negative stones were k 90-40KeV  =  1.43      0.63 and k 140-90KeV  =  0.19      0.08, and for bile, they were k 90-40KeV  =  -0.27      0.09 and k 140-90KeV  =  -0.04      0.01. The same stone showed different densities in different imaging groups. The positive rate of conventional CT images was lower than that of other imaging groups. CONCLUSION: Spectral CT has a high diagnostic value for negative @entity5990 or bile duct stones, and material decomposition CT images and spectral curves can make an accurate diagnosis.

title: Clinical value of spectral CT in diagnosis of negative XXXX and common bile duct stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1608 :: ('MESH:D002137', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stones']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstones']


abstract: Drugs that stimulate adrenergic receptors are expected to affect @entity413 and lipid metabolism. Therefore, it was deemed to be of interest to assess whether the new selective @entity2162 agonist, @entity57610 , exerts any metabolic effect. @entity57610 has been evaluated in 21 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , aged 34 to 80 years, with a diagnosis of reversible @entity1224 . @entity57610 was administered orally at doses of 0.5 mg thrice daily for 1-12 months, according to an open design. In addition to metabolic parameters (plasma @entity413 , insulin, high and low density lipoprotein- @entity165 , @entity1674 , free @entity1718 , @entity653 , @entity1372 , @entity972 ), arterial pH, partial arterial @entity26 and @entity544 pressure, lung function tests--forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF75-25) and specific airways conductance (SGaw)--heart rate and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12 months of treatment. No statistically significant change from baseline was observed in the levels of plasma @entity413 , @entity165 , @entity1674 , or free @entity1718 . Plasma levels of insulin, @entity653 and @entity1372 only increased in the first three months of treatment; a slight hypokalaemia was also observed during the same period. The bronchodilation (significant increase in FEV1, MMEF75-25, SGaw) was maintained throughout the study; no hospital admission was necessary. @entity400 , palpitations and @entity2146 were reported in six @entity1 ; no significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure were observed. The data suggest that the metabolic effects of long-term treatment with oral @entity57610 can be considered as very negligible.

title: Negligible metabolic effects of long-term oral treatment with a new beta 2-agonist: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['restlessness']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity57610 :: ('MESH:C045916', 'Chemical') :: ['broxaterol', 'Broxaterol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive airways disease']

answer: @entity57610 :: (MESH:C045916,Chemical) :: ['broxaterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of a combined imaging protocol using low-frequency pulsed fluoroscopy, fusion imaging, and low-concentration @entity1496 contrast for @entity439 repair (EVAR) of @entity449 . METHODS: The study retrospectively reviewed the data of 103 @entity1 treated between May 2013 and November 2014 with the combined imaging protocol (group A) with low-dose fluoroscopy at 3.75 frames/s, fusion imaging, and @entity1496 contrast of 140  mg @entity1496 /mL. A control group (group B) consisted of 123 consecutive @entity1 who underwent EVAR before the combined imaging protocol was introduced by matching the type of procedure. In group B, low-dose 7.5  frames/s fluoroscopy, no fusion imaging, and 200  mg @entity1496 /mL contrast were used. All @entity1 were reviewed for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables, with emphasis on intraoperative radiation (dose area product) and @entity1496 exposure, fluoroscopy, and operation times, as well as technical success. Values are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR) when not stated otherwise. RESULTS: Group A included 22 infrarenal EVARs, 17 iliac branch devices, 10 thoracic endovascular aortic repairs, 21  fenestrated EVARs, and 33 thoracoabdominal branched/fenestrated EVARs. Groups A and B were similar in types of procedure, body mass index (P > .05), and intraoperative technical success (92% and 92%, respectively; P > .05). Operation time (230 [IQR, 138-331] minutes vs 235 [IQR, 158-364] minutes) and fluoroscopy time (66 [IQR, 33-101] minutes vs 72 [IQR, 42-102] minutes) were similar in both groups (P > .05), but radiation exposure (19,934 [IQR,  11,340-30,615]  Gym(2) vs 32,856 [IQR, 19,562-55,677]  Gym(2); P  < .0001), contrast volume usage (63  [IQR,  103-145] mL vs 215 [IQR, 166-280] mL; P  < .0001), and @entity1496 dose (14.5 [IQR, 8.8-20.4] g @entity1496 vs 43.0 [IQR, 32.2-56.0] g @entity1496 ; P  < .0001) were lower in group A than in group B. The differences were uniform throughout the different procedure types, with the exception of fenestrated grafts, where radiation exposure was similar between group A  and B; however, group A had a much higher involvement of the superior mesenteric artery in the repairs (81% vs 17%; P  < .0001) explaining this finding. Fluoroscopic frame rate reduction contributed to a median reduction of the dose area product by 22%. Only four of the group A @entity1 (3.9%) showed a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate >= 30% after EVAR, although 32% of the entire group had at least moderately @entity8 preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Combining low-frequency pulsed fluoroscopy, fusion imaging, low-concentration, and @entity1496 contrast medium during EVAR reduces the exposure to radiation and @entity1496 .

title: The effects of combining fusion imaging, low-frequency pulsed fluoroscopy, and low-concentration contrast agent during XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms of varying complexity']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trauma system planners use @entity1 home address as a proxy for injury location, although this proxy has not been validated. We sought to determine the precision of this proxy by evaluating the relationship between the location of @entity204 and the location of residence. METHODS: This national descriptive analysis used the Multiple Cause of Death data files from 1999 to 2006 to determine the proportion of subjects in which county of residence (RC) matched county of death for all US @entity204 . Subgroup analyses were completed by age and injury intentionality using two sample tests of proportions.   (2) tests were used to evaluate differences in concordance over time and by size of the RC. RESULTS: Analysis included 3,141 US counties and 1,255,881 subjects. A total of 73.4% of subjects died in the RC and 87.7% died in the RC or a contiguous county. @entity204 were more likely than unintentional to happen within a decedent's RC (85.1% vs. 68.1%, p < 0.001) and within the RC or contiguous county (93.4% vs. 85.2%, p < 0.001). Adult @entity204 were more likely than pediatric to happen within a decedent's RC (73.6% vs. 68.4%, p < 0.001) and within the RC or contiguous county (87.9% vs. 84.2%, p < 0.001). Subjects from larger counties were more likely to die within the RC or a contiguous county (same p < 0.001, same or adjacent p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The preponderance of fatal @entity204 occur close to home. This supports the practice of @entity130 system's planning using home location available in administrative data to proxy injury location.

title: The use of home location to proxy injury location and implications for regionalized XXXX system planning.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Intentional injury deaths', 'injury deaths', 'injury death']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Background. Perineural invasion (PNI) is an adverse prognostic histologic finding and increases the risk of local recurrence and @entity3 . Objective. We aimed to determine if dual immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with S-100 and @entity2278 would increase the detection of PNI on nonmelanoma @entity1489 (NMSCs). Methods. We collected 45 specimens of NMSCs in which there was clinical suspicion for PNI. Two dermatopathologists independently reviewed the @entity5 for the unequivocal presence of PNI. Results. Unequivocal PNI was present on 10 of the 45 @entity5 by H_E staining and on 15 of the 45 @entity5 by IHC staining. Large nerves (>0.1   mm) were involved in 3 of 10 H_E-stained cases and 3 of 15 IHC-stained cases, with 2 of the 4 cases demonstrating large nerve involvement with both staining methods. Of the 8 cases of PNI detected only on IHC, 7 were small nerves ( <=0.1   mm). Limitations. All cases were selected because they were clinically suspicious for PNI, and this may be considered selection bias. Conclusions. PNI detection may be increased using dual S-100 and @entity2278 staining, but the majority of additional cases detected were small nerves. The clinical significance, given the small size of the involved nerves, is unclear.

title: Dual S-100-AE1/3 Immunohistochemistry to Detect Perineural Invasion in Nonmelanoma XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['Skin Cancers']