abstract: @entity950 ( @entity950 ) is a rare @entity74 characterized by @entity344 . We present a new pathogenic mutation of the @entity1594 gene and illustrate the need for a multidisciplinary health care approach to facilitate the correct diagnosis. The @entity1 , a 47-year-old Caucasian @entity1 , was diagnosed with @entity417 at the age of 12. During the following 30 years, she developed numerous gastrointestinal @entity1127 . The @entity1 underwent several operations, and suffered chronic @entity490 , @entity3147 , and @entity281 . Screening of the @entity1594 gene revealed a novel, disease-causing mutation. In 2012, the @entity1 suffered @entity4988 and a large polyp in the small bowel was found. Gamma globulin was given but the @entity1 responded with @entity221 and @entity683 -like symptoms and refused more treatment. The @entity1 underwent surgery in 2014 and made an uneventful recovery. At follow-up two months later albumin was 38   g/L and IgG was 6.9   g/L. Accurate diagnosis is essential for medical care. For @entity1 with complex symptomatology, often with @entity395 , this is best provided by multidisciplinary teams including representatives from clinical genetics. @entity1 with a @entity1594 mutation should be followed up both for @entity950 and @entity1884 and may develop @entity6518 and @entity465 .

title: A Novel @entity1594 Mutation Causing Severe @entity950 with @entity6518 , @entity465 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile polyps of the gastrointestinal tract']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['protein loosing enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity950 :: ('MESH:C537702', 'Disease') :: ['JPS', 'Juvenile polyposis syndrome']

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia']


abstract: During embryogenesis, incubation temperature and the hormonal environment influence gonadal differentiation of some reptiles, including all crocodilians. Current evidence suggests that aromatase, the enzyme that converts @entity3800 to @entity172 , has a role in sexual differentiation of species that exhibit @entity734 ( @entity734 ). During the temperature-sensitive period (TSP) of sex determination, we compared aromatase activity in the brain and gonads of putative male and female alligator embryos to determine if aromatase activity in the embryonic brain could provide the hormonal environment necessary for ovarian development in a @entity734 species. In addition, we assessed the pattern of aromatase activity in the brain and gonads of embryos treated with @entity53 (E(2)) and incubated at male-producing temperatures to compare enzyme activity in E(2) sex-reversed females to control males and females. This has particular significance regarding wildlife species living in areas contaminated with suspected environmental @entity172 . Gonadal aromatase activity remained low during the early stages of the TSP in both sexes and increased late in the TSP only in females. Aromatase activity in the brain increased prior to gonadal differentiation in both sexes. These results suggest that aromatase activity in the brain is not directly responsible for mediating differentiation of the gonad. E(2) exposure at male-producing temperatures resulted in sex-reversed females that had intermediate gonad function and masculinized brain activity. This study indicates the need to examine multiple end points and to determine the persistence of developmental alterations in contaminant-exposed wildlife populations.

title: Effects of incubation temperature and XXXX exposure on aromatase activity in the brain and gonads of embryonic alligators.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TSD', 'temperature-dependent sex determination']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol-17beta']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: We evaluated four priming-boosting vaccine regimens for the highly pathogenic @entity645 SHIV89.6P in Macaca nemestrina. Each regimen included gene gun delivery of a DNA vaccine expressing all SHIV89.6 genes plus @entity18341 gp160 of SHIV89.6P. Additional components were two recombinant vaccinia viruses, expressing SHIV89.6 Gag-Pol or @entity18341 gp160, and inactivated SHIV89.6 virus. We compared (i) DNA priming/DNA boosting, (ii) DNA priming/inactivated virus boosting, (iii) DNA priming/ @entity6621 boosting, and (iv) @entity6621 priming/DNA boosting versus sham vaccines in groups of 6 macaques. Prechallenge antibody responses to @entity18341 and Gag were strongest in the groups that received @entity6621 priming or boosting. Cellular immunity to SHIV89.6 peptides was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay; strong responses to Gag and @entity18341 were found in 9 of 12 @entity6621 vaccinees and 1 of 6 DNA-primed/inactivated-virus-boosted animals. Vaccinated macaques were challenged intrarectally with 50 50% animal infectious doses of SHIV89.6P 3 weeks after the last immunization. All animals became infected. Five of six DNA-vaccinated and 5 of 6 DNA-primed/particle-boosted animals, as well as all 6 controls, experienced severe @entity404 (+)-T-cell loss in the first 3 weeks after @entity281 . In contrast, DNA priming/ @entity6621 boosting and @entity6621 priming/DNA boosting vaccines both protected animals from disease: 11 of 12 macaques had no loss of @entity404 (+) T cells or moderate declines. Virus loads in plasma at the set point were significantly lower in @entity6621 -primed/DNA-boosted animals versus controls (P = 0.03). We conclude that multigene vaccines delivered by a combination of @entity6621 and gene gun-delivered DNA were effective against SHIV89.6P viral challenge in M. nemestrina.

title: Multigene DNA priming-boosting vaccines protect macaques from acute XXXX +-T-cell depletion after @entity645 SHIV89.6P mucosal challenge.

entities_list: @entity645 :: ('57667', 'Species') :: ['simian human immunodeficiency virus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: Transplacental exposure to the carcinogen, @entity3014 @entity3015 , leads to @entity308 immune function and increased @entity5 incidence in @entity19 . This paper reports ontogenetic T-cell changes in BALB/c @entity19 after exposure to @entity3015 in utero. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced to fetal liver T-cells (FLT) and @entity4559 ( @entity4559 ) lymphocytes purified from offspring of pregnant BALB/c @entity19 that were given one injection of @entity3015 (150 mg/kg body weight) in mid-gestation (day 11-13). The MAbs reacted with two T-cell membrane antigens (FLT and @entity4559 ) found in fetal liver, neonatal and adult thymus and spleen. Lymphocytes of @entity3015 -exposed 19-day fetuses showed decreased subpopulation frequencies (P < 0.05) in fetal liver total T-cells (from 56% to 16%), Ly1 cells (from 33% to 9%), and Ly2 cells (from 56% to 1%) compared with untreated controls. In contrast, @entity3015 increased the subpopulation frequencies (P < 0.05) in FLT cells in fetal liver (from 20% to 52%) and in @entity4559 (from 21% to 51%), and increased @entity4559 cells in @entity4559 (from 24% to 59%). The increased frequency in FLT and @entity4559 cells was due to their relative resistance to @entity3015 @entity137 and/or @entity3015 -enhanced proliferation in the neonatal period. Compared with untreated controls, @entity3015 treatment resulted in reduced numbers of T-cells in fetal liver and showed a selective @entity137 for Ly1 cells (89% reduction) and Ly2 cells (99% reduction), whereas FLT cells were not reduced and @entity4559 cells were reduced by 60%. Six-week-old juvenile @entity19 exposed to @entity3015 in utero showed recovery of total T-cells to control levels in spleen and thymus, but showed depletion (P < 0.01) in thymic FLT cells (from 81% to 12%) and in splenic @entity4559 cells (from 55% to 16%). The monoclonal antibodies developed for this study recognize novel cellular changes in the @entity19 immune system that are associated with transplacental @entity3015 . The FLT and @entity4559 antigens may be useful biomarkers for @entity1200 in progeny exposed to @entity3015 in utero.

title: Modulation of T-cell ontogeny by transplacental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4559 :: ('MESH:D013160', 'Disease') :: ['NBS', 'newborn spleen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['developmental immune dysfunctions']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']


abstract: Differential organ growth during gravitropic response is caused by differential accumulation of auxin, that is, relative higher auxin concentration in lower flanks than in upper flanks of responding organs. Auxin responsive reporter systems such as DR5::GUS and DR5::GFP have usually been used as indicators of gravitropic response in roots and hypocotyls of @entity958 . However, in the inflorescence stems, the reporter systems don't work well to monitor gravitropic response. Here, we aim to certify appropriate gravitropic response indicators (GRIs) in inflorescence stems. We performed microarray analysis comparing gene expression profiles between upper and lower flanks of @entity958 inflorescence stems after gravistimulation. Thirty genes showed > 2-fold differentially increased expression in lower flanks at 30 min, of which 19 were auxin response genes. We focused on @entity59792 and @entity59793 and verified whether they are appropriate GRIs by real-time qRT-PCR analyses. Transcript levels of @entity59792 and @entity59793 were remarkably higher in lower flanks than in upper flanks after gravistimulation. The biased @entity59792 or @entity59793 expression is disappeared in sgr2-1 mutant which is defective in gravity perception, indicating that gravity perception process is essential for formation of the biased gene expression during gravitropism. @entity59792 expression was remarkably increased in lower flanks at 30 min after gravistimulation, whereas @entity59793 expression was gradually decreased in upper flanks in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that @entity59792 is a sensitive GRI to monitor asymmetric auxin signaling caused by gravistimulation in @entity958 inflorescence stems.

title: Identification of gravitropic response indicator genes in XXXX inflorescence stems.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A subset of @entity1 with @entity11 develops @entity75 characterized by persistent restricted diffusion during treatment with bevacizumab. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the evolution of these lesions and to determine their relationship to @entity1 outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity11 with persistent restricted-diffusion lesions undergoing treatment with bevacizumab were included in the current study. Mean ADC and the volume of restricted diffusion were computed for each @entity1 during serial follow-up. Differences in TTP, TTS, and @entity3012 were compared between @entity1 with restricted diffusion and matched controls by using Kaplan-Meier analysis with the logrank test and Cox hazard models. RESULTS: Mean ADC values were generally stable with time (mean, 5.2    12.6% change from baseline). The volume of restricted diffusion increased a median of 23% from baseline by 6 months. @entity1 with restricted-diffusion lesions had significantly greater TTP (logrank, P = .013), TTS (logrank, P = .008), and @entity3012 (logrank, P = .010) than matched controls. When available, advanced physiologic imaging of restricted-diffusion lesions showed hypovascularity on perfusion MR imaging and decreased @entity535 uptake on @entity8984 -FDOPA PET scans. Atypical gelatinous @entity39 tissue was confirmed in the area of restricted diffusion in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Restricted-diffusion lesions in @entity11 treated with bevacizumab are generally stable with time and are associated with improved outcomes. These results combined with physiologic imaging and histopathologic data suggest that these lesions are not consistent with aggressive @entity5 .

title: Persistent diffusion-restricted lesions in bevacizumab-treated XXXX are associated with improved survival compared with matched controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['conspicuous lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exhaled breath studies suggest that @entity1 exhale fine particles during tidal @entity1353 , but little is known of their physical origin in the respiratory system during health or disease. METHODS: Particles generated by 3 healthy and 16 @entity1 @entity281 subjects were counted using an optical particle counter with nominal diameter-size bins ranging between 0.3 and 10  m. Data were collected from HRV-infected subjects during tidal @entity1353 . In addition, data from healthy subjects were collected during coughs, swallows, tidal @entity1353 , and @entity1353 to total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV). Using general additive models, we graphed exhaled particle concentration versus airflow during exhalation. Exhaled particles were collected from expired air on gelatin filters and analyzed for HRV via quantitative PCR. RESULTS: HRV-infected subjects exhaled from 0.1 to 7200 particles per liter of exhaled air during tidal @entity1353 (geometric mean = 32 part/L). A small fraction (24%) of subjects exhaled most (81%) of the particles measured and 82% of particles detected were 0.300-0.499  m. Minute ventilation, maximum airflow during exhalation, and forced expiratory volume 1 second (FEV(1) % predicted) were positively correlated with particle production. No @entity1 rhinovirus was detected in exhaled breath samples. Three healthy subjects exhaled less than 100 particles per liter of exhaled air during tidal @entity1353 and increased particle concentrations more with exhalation to RV than with coughing, swallowing, or rapid exhalation. CONCLUSIONS: Submicron particles were detected in the exhaled @entity281 subjects. Particle concentrations were correlated with airflow during the first half of exhalation, and peaked at the end of exhalation, indicating both lower and upper airways as particle sources. The effect of @entity1353 maneuver suggested a major contribution from lower airways, probably the result of opening collapsed small airways and alveoli.

title: Origin of exhaled breath particles from healthy and XXXX @entity281 subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['breath of healthy and HRV-infected', 'rhinovirus (HRV)-infected']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity262 juvenile idiopathic @entity625 (sJIA) is commonly considered an @entity8649 . However, sJIA @entity1 may develop @entity146 without @entity32 later in the disease, resembling an autoimmune phenotype similar to other subtypes of JIA. The objective of this study was to determine whether antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ) will develop in @entity1 with sJIA over the course of the disease. FINDINGS: A single center sample of sJIA @entity1 with follow-up of more than one year was obtained. A retrospective chart survey was used to extract demographic and clinical data as well as presence and titers of ANA and @entity309 at diagnosis and during follow-up. 32 @entity1 were included in the study, with a median age of 4.2  years and median follow-up of 6.0  years. 8/32 @entity1 had ANA titers   >=    1:80 at diagnosis, with 22/32 @entity1 showing rising ANA titers with titers   >=    1:80 at last follow-up (p =0.001). 10/32 @entity1 had a positive @entity309 at least once during follow-up, compared to 0/32 at diagnosis (p   =   0.001). In 5/10 @entity1 , positive @entity309 was documented at least twice, more than twelve weeks apart. @entity1 treated with TNF antagonists were not significantly more likely to develop positive ANA titers (p   =   0.425) or positive @entity309 (p   =   0.703). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with sJIA developed increased ANA titers and positive @entity309 over the course of the disease, independent of treatment with TNF antagonists. This might point towards an autoimmune, rather than an autoinflammatory phenotype later in the course of sJIA.

title: Development of positive antinuclear antibodies and XXXX in @entity262 idiopathic @entity625 points toward an autoimmune phenotype later in the disease course.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive arthritis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic']

entities_list: @entity8649 :: ('MESH:D056660', 'Disease') :: ['autoinflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rheumatoid factor']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the @entity227 in eyes with normal-tension @entity726 (NTG) that have localized @entity227 . DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. @entity1 : Fifty-six Asian @entity726 @entity1 with localized @entity227 confined to 1 hemifield and 43 normal control @entity1 . METHODS: A complete ophthalmic examination, the 24-2 full-threshold test on the @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA), and scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (SLP-VCC; @entity9999 -VCC, Carl Zeiss Meditec) were performed in each @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We compared RNFL thickness parameters on SLP-VCC printouts and severity scores based on the SLP-VCC deviation map algorithm in retinal segments with corresponding @entity227 with those in segments without @entity227 and with those in matched segments of age-matched normal controls. Linear regression analyses were performed between the RNFL thickness parameters and the severity scores in both segments with corresponding @entity227 and those without @entity227 and @entity2194 indices (mean deviation, corrected pattern standard deviation) in these NTG eyes. RESULTS: Seven of 56 eyes with NTG showed abnormal RNFL thickness parameters (P<0.05) in the quadrants without @entity227 , whereas no eye showed abnormal RNFL thickness parameters (P<0.05) in the matched quadrant of the control group. The mean RNFL thickness parameter in the quadrants without @entity227 in the NTG eyes was 62.41+/-7.71, which was significantly lower than in the matched quadrants of the control group (74.57+/-9.21; P<0.001) but was significantly higher than in the quadrants with corresponding @entity227 in NTG eyes (48.01+/-9.45; P<0.001). The severity score in the matched quadrants of control eyes was 0.53+/-3.20, whereas the severity score of quadrants without @entity2194 was 13.52+/-35.40 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Perimetrically normal hemifields of NTG eyes showed significantly lower RNFL thickness parameters than the corresponding retinal regions of healthy eyes, as measured by SLP-VCC. Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation may have potential as an ancillary diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the corresponding RNFL without @entity227 in NTG eyes with localized @entity227 .

title: Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation in the area of apparently normal hemifield in eyes with normal-tension XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['HFA', 'Humphrey Field Analyzer', 'visual field defects of the NTG eyes']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['retinal segments without visual field loss', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6755 has been proposed as a surrogate marker for immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IgVH) mutation in @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), but it is still not clear whether it is an independent prognostic factor. METHODS: The authors evaluated @entity6755 expression by flow cytometry in 201 untreated @entity1 and correlated @entity6755 levels with @entity3053 expression, @entity74 detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the time from diagnosis to first treatment. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 (28%) were positive for @entity6755 (> or = 20%). Positive @entity6755 status was associated with @entity1442 stage, atypical morphology, @entity3053 -positive status, @entity17558 , del(6q), or no detectable abnormalities; negative @entity6755 status was correlated with del(13q) as a sole abnormality. The treatment-free interval (TFI) was 17.7 months for @entity6755 -positive @entity1 and 44.6 months for @entity6755 -negative @entity1 (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis in 117 @entity1 identified advanced stage, @entity3053 > or = 7%, and the absence of del(13q) as a sole abnormality as independent factors for short TFI. Excluding FISH, @entity6755 status acquired independent prognostic value along with @entity3053 status. The authors proposed a risk model that combines @entity6755 and @entity3053 to identify @entity1 who are likely to progress. When both markers were positive, the TFI was 12 months; when both were negative, the median TFI was 54 months; a median TFI of 26 months was observed in @entity1 who had discordant results (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggested that both @entity6755 and @entity3053 should be tested prospectively in all @entity1 with early-stage @entity1072 .

title: Zeta-chain associated protein 70 and @entity3053 combined predict the time to first treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6755 :: ('7535', 'Gene') :: ['ZAP-70', 'Zeta-chain associated protein (ZAP)-70']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Glycemic control in @entity1 with insulin-treated @entity6 remains challenging. We assessed safety and efficacy of new flash @entity413 -sensing technology to replace self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG). METHODS: This open-label randomized controlled study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02082184) enrolled adults with type 2 @entity6 on intensive insulin therapy from 26 European @entity6 centers. Following 2  weeks of blinded sensor wear, 2:1 (intervention/control) randomization (centrally, using biased-coin minimization dependant on study center and insulin administration) was to control (SMBG) or intervention ( @entity413 -sensing technology). @entity1 and investigators were not masked to group allocation. Primary outcome was difference in @entity4051 c at 6  months in the full analysis set. Prespecified secondary outcomes included time in @entity4053 , effect of age, and @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: @entity1 (n  =  224) were randomized (149 intervention, 75 controls). At 6  months, there was no difference in the change in HbA1c between intervention and controls: -3.1      0.75  mmol/mol, [-0.29      0.07% (mean      SE)] and -3.4      1.04  mmol/mol (-0.31      0.09%) respectively; p  =  0.8222. A difference was detected in @entity1 aged <65  years [-5.7      0.96  mmol/mol (-0.53      0.09%) and -2.2      1.31  mmol/mol (-0.20      0.12%), respectively; p  =  0.0301]. Time in @entity4053 <3.9  mmol/L (70  mg/dL) reduced by 0.47      0.13  h/day [mean      SE (p  =  0.0006)], and <3.1  mmol/L (55  mg/dL) reduced by 0.22      0.07  h/day (p  =  0.0014) for intervention @entity1 compared with controls; reductions of 43% and 53%, respectively. SMBG frequency, similar at baseline, decreased in intervention @entity1 from 3.8      1.4  tests/day (mean      SD) to 0.3      0.7, remaining unchanged in controls. Treatment satisfaction was higher in intervention compared with controls (DTSQ 13.1      0.50 (mean      SE) and 9.0      0.72, respectively; p  <  0.0001). No serious adverse events or severe hypoglycemic events were reported related to sensor data use. Forty-two serious events [16 (10.7%) intervention @entity1 , 12 (16.0%) controls] were not device-related. Six intervention @entity1 reported nine adverse events for sensor-wear reactions (two severe, six moderate, one mild). CONCLUSION: Flash @entity413 -sensing technology use in type 2 @entity6 with intensive insulin therapy results in no difference in @entity4051 c change and reduced @entity4053 , thus offering a safe, effective replacement for SMBG. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02082184. FUNDING: Abbott @entity6 Care.

title: Flash @entity413 -Sensing Technology as a Replacement for Blood XXXX Monitoring for the Management of Insulin-Treated Type 2 @entity6 : a Multicenter, Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A new classification of @entity153 has been made by the International Association for the Study of @entity2 (IASLC) and published by Frank C. Detterbeck et al in the journal Chest (2009). The Thoracic Surgery Department of the Gerona (Spain) University Hospital has re-staged a series of @entity1 with @entity153 who had attempted curative surgery, with the aim of comparing the survival (survival for T, survival for M, and survival by disease staging) between the old and new classification, and also to determine whether these changes in survival are statistically significant. Another one of the objectives of the study is to see whether there is agreement between the current survival of our surgical series and that published by the IASLC. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data on 855 @entity1 who had attempted @entity153 curative surgery were entered into a data base. They were radiologically, clinically and histologically staged according to the new and old staging. Survival was calculated according to the T, M, N, and histology stages. A statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program and the changes in survival between both classifications were analysed. RESULTS: No statistically significant changes were observed in survival (P=.58) with the new classification in stage IIA, but there were statistically significant changes in survival (P=.0001) in stage IIIB. DISCUSSION: The study confirms that the current TNM classification is useful, since it shows changes in survival in 2 histological stages (one of them statistically significant). The survival data of our series now fits better with those provided by the IASLC.

title: [Comparative survival study between the old and new XXXX classification].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) do not express the coxsackie-adenovirus (Ad) receptor and are poorly permissive to Ad serotype 5 ( @entity11650 ). Genetically modified, coxsackie-Ad receptor-independent @entity11650 vectors were studied for gene delivery in @entity1 @entity309 FLS and synovium explants and @entity19 collagen-induced @entity625 . Short-fiber @entity11650 vectors with seven fiber shaft repeats Ad5GFP-R7-knob, Ad5GFP-R7- @entity369 - @entity2228 - @entity2574 (RGD) (RGD-liganded), and Ad5GFPDeltaknob (knob-deleted) were compared with Ad5GFP-FiWT, a conventional wild-type (WT) @entity11650 vector. Gene transfer by Ad5GFP-R7-knob and Ad5GFP-R7-RGD was 40- to 50-fold and 25-fold higher, respectively, than Ad5GFP-FiWT in FLS. Ad5GFPDeltaknob was more efficacious than its knob-bearing version Ad5GFP-R7-knob in FLS transduction. @entity778 attachment and entry required RGD- and @entity20047 -binding integrins including alpha(v), alpha(v)beta3, a(v)beta5, and beta1. Ad5GFP-R7-knob infection of FLS was partially neutralized by synovial fluid (SF), but remained 30- to 40-fold higher than Ad5GFP-FiWT in the presence of SF. Ad5GFPDeltaknob was partially neutralized by SF at low virus input, but escaped viral neutralization by SF at higher virus input. Gene transfer to @entity1 synovium ex vivo explants and @entity19 collagen-induced @entity625 in vivo was also more efficient with short fiber-modified vectors (with and without the knob domain) than Ad5GFPFiWT. Gene transfer by short fiber-modified vectors was enhanced by inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in the presence of @entity32 in @entity19 synovium in vivo. Our data indicated that the highly efficient gene delivery @entity309 was mediated by RGD- and non-RGD-binding integrins and enhanced by @entity32 . Short fiber modifications with knob ablation may be a strategy to enhance gene delivery, reducing vector dose and vector-induced @entity32 and @entity137 .

title: Enhancement of adenovirus-mediated gene delivery to @entity309 synoviocytes and synovium by fiber modifications: role of @entity369 - XXXX - @entity2574 (RGD)- and non-RGD-binding integrins.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillations are the recommended treatment for non-muscle invasive @entity150 but high recurrence and progression rates remain after treatment. Despite @entity1 risk stratification, BCG effectiveness remains unpredictable. A close, invasive and expensive follow up is mandatory. To improve or even replace this heavy surveillance in this high risk population, validated biomarkers were developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify the useful tools for the urologist in monitoring @entity150 @entity1 , we reviewed the literature focusing on plasma and urinary biomarkers of BCG-therapy outcome. Articles dated from 1988 to 2013 including specific keywords ( @entity150 , biological markers, intravesical administration, recurrence) were examined and relevant papers were selected. RESULTS: Before treatment initiation, genetic polymorphisms of multiple agents (cytokines, matrix-metalloproteinases) were found to become very useful to tailor therapy and monitoring. Those biomarkers belong to personalized medicine which is a topic of great interest today, but still need to be validated in cohorts from different ethnicities. During instillations, cytokines ( @entity1199 , @entity687 , @entity650 / @entity688 ) were reported to be reliable to determine treatment response and efficacy. Further studies are needed to confirm results and standardize thresholds. After treatment, UroVysion, the FDA-approved fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), appeared to be the most robust marker of all the clinical parameters reviewed; but is not yet validated for BCG-treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: No recommendations for everyday practice can be established today, but a combination of several markers and clinicopathological characteristics may be the future. As @entity150 diagnosis and management are evolving, practicing urologists should be aware of and utilize @entity150 markers in clinical practice.

title: Biomarkers in XXXX treated with BCG: an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder neoplasm', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The median survival for @entity1 with @entity463 is 12 months. The authors evaluated whether preirradiation @entity136 / @entity21193 (GeT) chemotherapy followed by standard radiotherapy improved outcome in @entity1 with @entity463 . Seventeen @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 were enrolled in a prospective, unicenter trial of preirradiation GeT chemotherapy. Chemotherapy included up to 4 cycles of intravenous @entity136 (1000 mg/m2 body surface) and @entity21193 (3500 mg/m2 body surface) on days 1 and 8 of 28 days treatment cycles. Involved field radiotherapy (60 Gy in 30 fractions) was given after chemotherapy or earlier in the case of disease progression or drug intolerance. There was no specific treatment-related @entity2359 reported, but in 3 of 17 @entity1 (18%) chemotherapy was stopped because of World Health Organization (WHO) IV @entity1503 . With GeT chemotherapy alone, there was a median progression-free survival of 12 weeks and a progression-free survival rate at 4 months of 29%. In 16 of 17 @entity1 who subsequently received a full course of radiotherapy, the median progression-free survival from the time of diagnosis was 8 months, and the progression-free survival rate at 12 months was 25% (4 of 16 @entity1 ). The median overall survival was 12 months. Neither age nor extent of the residual postoperative @entity5 predicted the duration of progression-free survival after chemotherapy alone or after chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The combination of @entity136 and @entity21193 produced significant @entity1503 in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 . The schedule used in the present study did not confer any significant survival advantage compared with standard involved field radiotherapy alone.

title: Neoadjuvant XXXX / @entity21193 chemotherapy for newly diagnosed @entity463 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity21193 :: ('MESH:C018404', 'Chemical') :: ['treosulfan']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that hyper-responsiveness of monocytes to the products of @entity2413 , especially the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria and the secretion of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, may have a role in the pathogenesis of @entity146 ( @entity146 ). To investigate this possibility, @entity650 production by cultured peripheral blood monocytes before and after stimulation by @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in @entity146 @entity1 was evaluated. MATERIAL/METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity146 were compared with 15 periodontally healthy controls in a case control study. Monocytes were obtained from peripheral blood samples and cultured. The reaction of monocytes was studied by their @entity650 production using ELISA before and six hours after stimulation by 0.1 microg/ml E. col. LPS. The Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in @entity650 production levels before LPS stimulation between @entity1 and controls. Upon LPS stimulation, @entity650 levels increased in both the @entity1 and control groups compared with their @entity650 levels before stimulation. @entity650 production after LPS stimulation in the @entity1 was higher than controls, but this was not statistically significant. However, the increase in @entity650 production as a result of LPS stimulation was significantly higher in @entity1 than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Increased monocyte responsiveness may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of @entity146 . However, whether this is an intrinsic characteristic of the monocyte/macrophage cells of @entity146 @entity1 or just a priming effect as a result of the @entity2520 remains to be investigated.

title: Interleukin-6 production by cultured peripheral blood monocytes before and after stimulation by @entity526 lipopolysaccharide in Iranian XXXX with @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['dental plaque']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'aggressive periodontitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hypovascular nodules that exhibit hypointensity in hepatocyte-phase images of @entity18497 -enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are frequently encountered in clinical practice. We investigated risk factors for the development of these nodules into @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our institutional database and identified 302 @entity1 who underwent @entity18497 -enhanced MR imaging for suspected or confirmed @entity157 from February 1, 2008 to January 30, 2011. We excluded @entity1 who were examined for @entity3 of other @entity5 or for other @entity99 , such as @entity4383 . We identified hypovascular nodules that were hypointense in hepatocyte-phase images, recorded their characteristics, and calculated the cumulative hypervascularization rate for nodules that were followed up. RESULTS: Of the 302 @entity1 , 82 had hypovascular nodules (178 nodules; mean size, 9.3 mm). Sixty nodules were followed up for over 6 months, and eight progressed to hypervascular @entity157 . Hypervascularization occurred more frequently in nodules with fat than those without (P<0.01). The cumulative hypervascularization rate was 5.1% over a year. CONCLUSION: The presence of intralesional fat was found to be a risk factor for hypervascularization of hypovascular nodules that exhibited hypointensity in the hepatocyte-phase images of @entity18497 -enhanced MR imaging.

title: Natural course of hypovascular nodules detected on XXXX -enhanced MR imaging: presence of fat is a risk factor for hypervascularization.

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoxetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity18497 :: (MESH:C073590,Chemical) :: ['gadoxetic acid']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize quadriceps femoris @entity121 of both lower extremities in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). Sixty-two subjects (mean age 68.2 years, standard deviation [SD]    7.9 years) with knee @entity571 participated in the study. Significantly higher knee @entity158 was reported in the involved knee than in the contralateral knee, as determined by a visual analog scale. Significant differences were demonstrated between the lower extremities in terms of maximal voluntary isometric contraction, in favor of the less involved leg (P = 0.0001). In contrast, the degree of @entity1295 muscle, as measured by the decrement in force production following ten repeated contractions, was significantly higher in the contralateral leg (P = 0.0002). Furthermore, normalization of the fatigue results to the first contraction yielded a similar result (P < 0.0001). Similar results were noted when analysis was performed separately for subjects whose involvement was unilateral or bilateral. The results indicate that, irrespective of the initial strength of contraction, the rate of @entity121 in the contralateral leg is significantly higher than in the involved leg. Hypotheses for these unexpected results are suggested. Rehabilitation of @entity1 with knee @entity571 should focus on increasing quadriceps muscle strength and endurance for both lower extremities.

title: Quadriceps femoris XXXX in @entity1 with @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue of the quadriceps femoris']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fatigue']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle fatigue']


abstract: It is hypothesized that @entity5097 derived from astrocyte glycogen sustains axon excitability in @entity19 optic nerve (MON). This theory was tested by using a competitive antagonist of @entity5097 transport and immunocytochemistry to determine whether transport proteins are appropriately distributed in adult MON. @entity5097 sustained the @entity8119 ( @entity8119 ), indicating that exogenous @entity5097 was an effective energy substrate. During 60 min of aglycemia, the @entity8119 persisted for 30 min, surviving on a glycogen-derived substrate (probably @entity880 ), before failing. After failing, the @entity8119 could be partially rescued by restoring 10 mM @entity413 or 20 mM @entity5097 . Aglycemia in the presence of 20 mM @entity6853 , a metabolically inert but transportable @entity3338 , resulted in accelerated @entity8119 decline compared with aglycemia alone, suggesting that @entity6853 blocked the axonal uptake of glycogen-derived @entity5097 , speeding the onset of @entity30217 . The @entity8119 was maintained for up to 2 hr when exposed to 20% of normal bath @entity413 (i.e., 2 mM). To test whether glycogen-derived @entity5097 "supplemented" available @entity413 (2 mM) in supporting metabolism, @entity5097 uptake into axons was reduced by the competitive inhibitor @entity6853 . Indeed, in the presence of 20 mM @entity6853 , the @entity8119 was lost more rapidly in MONs bathed in 2 mM @entity413 artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated cell-specific expression of @entity3338 transporter (MCT) subtypes, localizing @entity58856 predominantly to axons and @entity34742 predominantly to astrocytes, supporting the idea that @entity5097 is released from astrocytes and taken up by axons as an energy source for sustaining axon excitability.

title: Transfer of glycogen-derived @entity880 from astrocytes to axons via specific XXXX transporters supports @entity19 optic nerve activity.

entities_list: @entity8119 :: ('MESH:C537188', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'compound action potential']

entities_list: @entity6853 :: ('CHEBI:16004', 'Chemical') :: ['D-lactate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity5097 :: ('CHEBI:16651', 'Chemical') :: ['L-lactate']

entities_list: @entity30217 :: ('MESH:C536586', 'Disease') :: ['energy failure and loss of the CAP']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3338 :: (CHEBI:35757,Chemical) :: ['monocarboxylate']


abstract: This study aimed at exploring innate and adaptive immunity in @entity56 by investigation of mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors, T-cell-specific cytokines, and transcription factors. @entity19 models for mild and severe @entity565 , with similar pathological characteristics observed in @entity1 , were used to study the involved inflammatory markers as a first step in the development of phenotype-directed treatment approaches. In the mild model, @entity19 were sensitized to @entity10328 -Imject Alum and challenged with @entity10328 . In the severe model, @entity19 were sensitized to @entity7430 -conjugated @entity10328 and challenged with @entity7430 - @entity10328 /IgE immune complex. @entity55 and mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), @entity9719 -like receptors (NLRs), T cell cytokines, and transcription factors in lung tissue were examined. Different mRNA expression profiles of TLRs, NLRs, T cell cytokines, and transcription factors were observed. In the mild model, @entity1618 showed the largest increase in expression, whereas in the severe model, it was Inf y with the largest increase. Expression of @entity19985 was also significantly increased in the severe model. @entity32 and immunity are differentially regulated in mild and severe experimental @entity565 . This preclinical data may help in directing clinical research towards a better understanding and therapy in mild and severe @entity748 @entity1 .

title: Differential regulation of XXXX and immunity in mild and severe experimental @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity7430 :: ('CHEBI:53067', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrophenyl']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1494 has a role in avoiding urinary diversion in @entity1 with exstrophy- @entity7890 complex (EEC), whether it can improve the lifestyle in @entity1 who have previously undergone diversion or improve the result of any single surgical step in the staged functional reconstruction of the bladder in these @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1970 to 1991, 85 @entity1 were treated for EEC. Between 1981 and 1991, 12 @entity1494 were performed in 11 @entity1 (seven @entity1 and four @entity1 ) with @entity1494 , @entity3930 (one case) and @entity7891 (one case). RESULTS: No significant early surgical complications were reported. Follow-up ranged from 18 months to 11 years. Late complications included @entity1744 in one @entity1 , a partial @entity1901 at the level of the @entity254 with the gastric patch wall in one @entity1 and @entity1494 in five @entity1 (sigmoidocystoplasty in one and ileocystoplasties in four). No metabolic problems, no bladder perforations or @entity5 were observed. The results on continence were good and, with the one exception reported, the condition of the upper urinary tract following surgery was satisfactory in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Augmentation cystoplasty is of use in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1494 when staged functional reconstruction is unsuccessful. This technique greatly reduces the indications for urinary diversion and can be used in the surgical treatment of EEC. The only disadvantage is that clean intermittent catheterization must be performed, sometimes only temporarily, but @entity1 acceptance is usually high.

title: Indications for @entity1494 in the exstrophy- XXXX complex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['male epispadias']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['left ureteric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy', 'bladder augmentation', 'bladder augmentations', 'bladder lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity7891 :: ('MESH:D001746', 'Disease') :: ['cloacal exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity7890 :: (MESH:D004842,Disease) :: ['epispadias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) mass and rate of change of CK-MB have been proposed as superior to cardiac troponin measurement for very early exclusion of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). All three markers were examined prospectively in @entity1 presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) for rule out of @entity583 . METHODS: Consecutive admissions to the ED with undifferentiated @entity662 were initially assessed clinically and by electrocardiography. A total of 786 @entity1 (490 male, median age 52.5 years) considered at low risk of @entity583 had blood drawn on admission. If the first sample was less than 12 h from onset of @entity662 , a second sample was then drawn at least 2 h later and at least 6 h from onset of @entity662 . CK-MB mass was measured on the first sample and CK-MB mass and @entity10020 ( @entity10020 ) were measured on the second sample. Measurement of @entity10020 was using an Elecsys 2010 with the third generation assay (Roche Diagnostics, Lewes, UK). Assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 5.8% and 5.7% at 0.47 and 11.5 microg/L, respectively, with measuring range 0.01-25.0 microg/L; analytical sensitivity of 0.01 microg/L and functional sensitivity of 0.03 microg/L. CK-MB (mass) was measured by electrochemiluminesence using an Elecsys 2010 (Roche Diagnostics). The assay CV was 4.0% at 5.89 microg/L and 4.1% at 60.5 microg/L, with a detection limit of 0.1 microg/L and an upper measuring limit of 500 microg/L. @entity583 was diagnosed if either sample had a CK-MB of more than 5 microg/L, if there was a change in CK-MB (DeltaCK-MB) of more than 1.5 microg/L or if the @entity10020 was more than 0.05 microg/L. When @entity583 was excluded, @entity1 proceeded to stress electrocardiography and reattended 72 h from presentation for follow up phlebotomy for @entity10020 measurement. A final diagnosis of @entity583 was made according to American College of Cardiology/ European Society of Cardiology criteria using a cut-off of 0.05 microg/L @entity10020 in any of the samples. Diagnostic efficiency was compared by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with comparison of area under the curve (AUC) for four strategies: admission CK-MB measurement; 6-h post- @entity158 CK-MB measurement; DeltaCK-MB; and 6-h post- @entity158 @entity10020 measurement. RESULTS: On admission the AUC for CK-MB was 0.830 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.757-0.904). At 6 h post @entity158 the respective values were: CK-MB 0.939 (95% CI 0.889-0.988); DeltaCK-MB 0.948 (95% CI 0.906-0.990); and @entity10020 0.989 (95% CI 0.966-1.0). CONCLUSION: @entity10020 at 6 h has high diagnostic sensitivity for @entity583 and is superior to CK-MB mass and DeltaCK-MB even using a low cut-off value.

title: Comparison of biomarker strategies for rapid rule out of XXXX in the emergency department using ACC/ESC diagnostic criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity10020 :: ('7139', 'Gene') :: ['cTnT', 'cardiac troponin T']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Jejunoileal (JI) bypass was developed as a therapy for @entity5845 in the late 1960s but has since been abandoned because of a high rate of complications, including @entity82 . The need for liver transplantation after JI bypass has been infrequent, with only four previous @entity1 reported in the literature; however, because the time to develop symptomatic @entity3851 after JI bypass may be quite long (25 years or more), the incidence of @entity1 who will require liver transplantation may only now be increasing. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed our experience with JI bypass and liver transplantation in 380 consecutive adult @entity1 since 1985. RESULTS: Four @entity1 underwent liver transplantation for @entity82 after JI bypass, all within the last 48 months. The mean duration of time from JI bypass to transplantation was 22.3 years. All @entity1 had complications, in addition to their @entity409 , which were related to the JI bypass, which included @entity1790 , @entity2963 , @entity15248 , @entity177 , and d-lactic acidosis. One @entity1 had the JI bypass taken down before transplantation, which precipitated acute liver and @entity177 , necessitating urgent transplantation. One @entity1 , who had the JI bypass taken down at the time of transplant, has developed recurrent @entity5845 , while the other three @entity1 have not. The one @entity1 who has not had the JI bypass taken down has not developed evidence of recurrent @entity409 and is followed with monthly liver function tests and yearly biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1 who require liver transplantation after JI bypass may be on the increase. Take down of the JI bypass may precipitate @entity879 in the cirrhotic @entity1 . JI bypass should be accomplished either at the time of transplantation or if signs of @entity409 occur after transplantation. Liver transplant recipients can be at risk for recurrent @entity28 after takedown of the JI bypass. Transplantation for those @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 after JI bypass has demonstrated excellent early results.

title: Liver transplantation after jejunoileal bypass for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15248 :: ('MESH:D001361', 'Disease') :: ['vitamin deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor has been found within the osteoblast membrane meditating bone remodeling. @entity1169 is a sympatholytic beta antagonist commonly used as long-term medication for the management of many common diseases such as @entity101 . This study was performed to verify the presence of this receptor on odontoblasts in @entity35 and, if present, to investigate its possible association with tertiary dentinogenesis. METHODS: Twenty male  @entity35 (9 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 4 groups: CP0.8 group, cavity preparation + @entity1169 treatment (0.8 mg/day, n = 5); @entity23284 group, cavity preparation + @entity1169 treatment (4.0 mg/day, n = 7); CON group, cavity preparation + saline treatment (0.2 mL/day, n = 5); and NT group, no treatment (n = 3). Cavity preparation was performed on the mesial aspect of the maxillary first molars bilaterally. After 2 weeks, the tertiary dentinogenesis (CP0.8, @entity23284 , and CON) was examined by @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining, and the localization of beta-2 adrenergic receptor (NT) was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The beta-2 adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity was observed in the odontoblastic layer in normal @entity35 molar dental pulp. The tertiary dentinogenesis beneath the prepared cavity was significantly higher in the @entity35 receiving 2-week systemic administration of @entity1169 than in those without the @entity1169 treatment. The higher-dose treatment of @entity1169 (P < .001) presented more effective up-regulation of tertiary dentinogenesis than the lower-dose treatment (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the sympathetic nervous system decreases tertiary dentin formation via beta-2 adrenergic receptors located on @entity35 odontoblasts. It suggests that adrenergic beta antagonist is expected to use in the treatment of inducing tertiary dentin formation to protect dental pulp.

title: Sympathetic Regulation of Tertiary Dentinogenesis via Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor on XXXX Odontoblasts.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: @entity3218 ( @entity3218 ) has been implicated in the regulation of cell survival pathways and @entity3 , and is poorly expressed in @entity5 . We have reported that the NF-kappaB pathway regulates @entity5 resistance to apoptosis by the TNF-alpha family via inactivation of the transcription repressor @entity19767 ( @entity19767 ). We hypothesized that @entity3218 overexpression may regulate @entity5 sensitivity to death ligands via inhibition of @entity19767 and up-regulation of death receptors (DRs). The @entity2205 -resistant @entity263 PC-3 and @entity320 M202 cell lines were examined. Transfection with @entity2834 - @entity3218 , but not with control @entity2834 -EV, sensitized the cells to @entity2205 -mediated apoptosis. Treatment with @entity3218 small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited @entity2205 -induced apoptosis. @entity3218 overexpression was paralleled with up-regulation of @entity3049 transcription and expression; no change in @entity61177 , and @entity3051 expression; and inhibition of @entity19767 transcription and expression. Inhibition of @entity19767 by @entity19767 siRNA sensitized the cells to @entity2205 apoptosis concomitantly with @entity3049 up-regulation. @entity3218 overexpression inhibited several antiapoptotic gene products such as @entity9846 ( @entity9846 ), @entity1182 long, and @entity1836 (L) that were accompanied with mitochondrial membrane depolarization. @entity3218 overexpression in combination with @entity2205 resulted in the potentiation of these above effects and activation of caspases 8, 9, and 3, resulting in apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that @entity3218 overexpression regulates @entity5 cell sensitivity to @entity2205 via inhibition of @entity19767 , up-regulation of @entity3049 , and modulation of apoptotic pathways. We suggest that @entity3218 may serve as an immune surveillance @entity5 gene, and its low expression or absence in @entity5 allows the @entity5 to escape host immune cytotoxic effector cells.

title: Regulation of @entity5 cell sensitivity to XXXX -induced apoptosis by the metastatic suppressor Raf kinase inhibitor protein via @entity19767 inhibition and @entity3049 up-regulation.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9846 :: ('331', 'Gene') :: ['XIAP', 'X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Gene') :: ['Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein', 'RKIP']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2205 :: (8743,Gene) :: ['TRAIL']


abstract: The expression of the @entity1457 proteins @entity28915 and @entity18273 was examined in the spinal cord and sciatic nerves of developing @entity35 . Using immunohistochemistry, we found that @entity28915 is present in many motoneurones at birth. With development, the intensity of staining increases, reaching adult levels by 21 days, when all sciatic motoneurones express @entity28915 . In the sciatic nerve, @entity28915 is strongly expressed throughout postnatal development. In contrast, @entity18273 immunoreactivity in motoneurones and the sciatic nerve is weak at birth and does not change with development. The expression of @entity1457 proteins has been shown to increase in cells under conditions of stress, where they have beneficial effects on cell survival. The effect of @entity128 on @entity28915 and @entity18273 expression was also examined in this study. Four days after injury, staining for @entity28915 increases in motoneurones, whereas @entity18273 does not change. However, there is a significant increase in @entity18273 staining in glial cells surrounding the injured motor pool, predominantly in astrocytes. Since @entity128 induces apoptotic motoneurone death, we also studied the co-expression of @entity28915 with markers of apoptosis. No @entity28915 -positive motoneurones were found to be apoptotic, as assessed by both TUNEL and @entity4124 immunoreactivity. Therefore, it is possible that the upregulation of @entity28915 observed in injured motoneurones may play a role in protecting motoneurones from apoptotic cell death following @entity128 .

title: The effect of XXXX on the expression of @entity1457 proteins in developing @entity35 motoneurones.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury', 'neonatal nerve injury']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['neonatal nerve injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity20186 and @entity21170 stains are able to detect tear film lipids deposited on @entity1346 hydrogel contact lenses. METHODS: Eight unworn lotrafilcon A lenses were individually soaked in successively decreasing amounts of @entity23107 solution (5.6 to 0.00 mg/ml) for 1 day in triplicate for each staining procedure (etafilcon A lenses were also soaked as a control). The sets of lenses were then stained with @entity20186 or @entity21170 . The lenses were then individually visualized with a Nikon Eclipse 80i florescent microscope at 100  magnification, and two representative photos were taken of each lens. Both staining procedures were repeated with @entity1 worn lotrafilcon A lenses. RESULTS: The @entity20186 stain detected variable yet decreasing amounts of lipids when lenses were incubated in lipid concentrations >= 0.09 mg/ml. @entity21170 detected decreasing amounts of lipids when lenses were soaked in lipid concentrations >= 0.35 mg/ml. The @entity20186 stain produced considerably more background staining than @entity21170 , and approximately half of the negative control lenses stained with @entity20186 while there was minimal staining of lenses stained with @entity21170 . Etafilcon A lenses yielded decreasing amounts of lipid when soaked in successively lower concentrations of lipid when stained with @entity20186 . @entity1 -worn lotrafilcon A lenses yielded similar lipid characteristics when compared with in vitro lenses, with variable amounts of lipid detection when comparing individual subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity20186 and @entity21170 are both able to detect lipids on soft lenses in both in vitro and ex vivo conditions. @entity21170 appears to be a better stain for @entity1346 hydrogel lenses as it offers a higher signal to noise ratio.

title: A method of imaging lipids on XXXX hydrogel contact lenses.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity23107 :: ('MESH:C014409', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol oleate']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence and association of arterial @entity101 with several lifestyle variables. METHODS: Transversal population-based study with a random sample of students (7 to 14 years of age) of public and private schools. Variables investigated were nutritional status, blood pressure, and lifestyle ( @entity286 use, @entity167 intake, physical activity and eating habits). RESULTS: Out of the 3,169 schoolchildren assessed, 5.0% had arterial @entity101 and 6.2% had @entity101 . Classification by gender shows @entity1 6.4% and @entity1 6.0% with @entity101 , and @entity1 4.3% and @entity1 5.7% with arterial @entity101 . Body mass index (BMI) measurements identified 16.0% excess weight students, 4.9% of whom were @entity28 . A significant association (p = 0.01) between arterial @entity101 and excess weight was observed. Among the students participating in the study, 11.6% did not attend physical education classes and 37.8% had sedentary leisure habits. Twenty students (0.6%) were smokers and 32.7% had already experimented with @entity167 . None of these variables showed statistical significance as to blood pressure values and nutritional status. CONCLUSION: In light of the findings in this study which show schoolchildren with a higher than expected frequency of mean blood pressure and BMI values, associated with a lifestyle that tends to favour the development of @entity65 , we felt led to propose interventional measures focused on the school as an agent of change and capable of conveying information to family units. This possibility encourages us to propose that schools be partners in promoting health.

title: [Determinants of risk of XXXX in schoolchildren].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['normal-high blood pressure', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: This study documents outcomes of athletically active, skeletally immature @entity1 with proximal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears treated with a non-reconstructive technique to promote healing ("healing response"). Between 1992 and 1998, 13 skeletally immature athletes with proximal ACL tears underwent a healing response procedure. @entity1 with previous @entity130 , other concurrent ligament pathology, and/or complete mid-substance ACL tears were excluded. Average preoperative KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum difference for all @entity1 was 5 mm (range: 3-10 mm). Preoperatively, all @entity1 had a 1+ or 2+ pivot shift, and all @entity1 reported knee function as abnormal or severely abnormal. @entity1 were followed prospectively with clinical examinations, KT-1000 testing, and subjective questionnaires. Three (23%) @entity1 had a re-injury 30 to 55 months after the healing response and underwent subsequent ACL reconstruction. Subjective follow-up on the remaining 10 @entity1 at an average of 69 months (range: 26-113 months) postoperatively indicated no @entity1 experienced @entity158 or giving way, and all considered their knee function normal. Average Lysholm score was 96, Tegner score was 8.5 (range: 7-10), and @entity1 satisfaction at follow-up was 9.9 (1=very dissatisfied and 10=very satisfied). Clinical examination at least one year postoperatively was performed on 7 of 10 @entity1 at 35 months (range: 12-63 months). Five @entity1 had a negative pivot shift and 2 had a 1+ pivot shift. KT-1000 measurements improved to 2 mm (range: 0-3 mm). In the athletically active, skeletally immature @entity1 , the healing response procedure can restore stability and knee function, with proper @entity1 selection. In this study group, @entity1 were very satisfied with the procedure and returned to a high level of sports and activities.

title: A minimally invasive technique ("healing response") to treat proximal XXXX in skeletally immature athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ACL injuries']


abstract: @entity1562 ( @entity67 ) occurs in @entity235 after @entity3979 following treadmill exercise. Less data are available in @entity1 regarding development of @entity1562 after exercise. Regional wall motion changes were evaluated in 22 @entity1 with known @entity453 using 2-dimensional echocardiography and exercise treadmill testing. Wall motion was scored as 1 = normal, 2 = @entity5048 , 3 = @entity2845 , 4 = dyskinetic. At least 1 left ventricular segment with normal resting function developed an increase in wall motion score at 15 or 30 minutes compared with values at rest. The wall motion score in the midportion of the ventricular septum increased from 1.0 at rest to 1.6 (p less than 0.004) at 30 minutes after exercise; the basal inferior wall score worsened from 1.0 at rest to 1.9 (p less than 0.01) at 30 minutes after exercise. Coronary angiographic data in these @entity1 revealed that left anterior descending narrowing correlated best with left ventricular septal wall motion abnormalities, whereas right coronary artery and circumflex narrowing best correlated with inferior and posterior wall motion abnormalities. Eight normal adult volunteers with no history of @entity741 also underwent 2-dimensional echocardiography and exercise testing. No wall motion abnormalities were observed at any time after exercise. The present study suggests that in @entity1 with @entity453 , exercise treadmill testing may induce regional wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle that persist greater than or equal to 30 minutes after exercise, an observation consistent with the phenomenon of @entity1562 .

title: Stunned left ventricular @entity1562 after exercise treadmill testing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial stunning', 'stunned myocardium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the socio-demographic characteristics of non-problem gamblers, problem gamblers and pathological gamblers, to investigate the association between gambling related factors and perceived health and well-being among the three subgroups of gamblers, and to analyse simultaneously socio-demographic characteristics, gambling related factors and perceived health and well-being and the severity of @entity74 (problem gamblers and pathological gamblers). METHODS: The data were collected through a nationwide telephone survey in 2011. @entity1 were selected through a random population sample of 15-74-year-old Finns. From that sample, @entity1 with any past-year gambling involvement (N = 3451) were selected for a subsample for the descriptive and inferential analysis in the present paper. Gambling was assessed using the South Oaks Gambling Screen. Statistical significance was determined by chi-squared tests. The odds ratio and effect size were computed by using multivariate-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The most significant socio-demographic characteristics (male gender, young age, education  <= 12 years), gambling related factors (slot machine gambling, internet gambling) and perceived health and well-being (feeling lonely, smoking daily, risky @entity167 consumption, mental health problems) explained 22.9 per cent of the variation in the severity of @entity74 . CONCLUSION: Male gender and loneliness were found to be associated with problem gambling in particular, along with smoking and risky @entity167 consumption. Mental health problems and risky @entity167 consumption were associated with @entity11532 . These identified associations between @entity74 , mental health problems and risky @entity167 consumption should be taken into consideration when implementing screenings of @entity74 .

title: Factors associated with XXXX in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disordered gambling']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['disordered gambling']


abstract: The role of oxidative stress in @entity137 has been proposed in many organs, however, no study has been performed in the salivary glands, which are important parts of the gastrointestinal tract with a high implication in health of the whole body. Recently, it has been proposed that increasing the levels of @entity6708 and @entity268 in the cells may protect from the @entity2359 of lead. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of @entity10222 to produce oxidative stress in @entity35 submandibular as the main salivary gland of the body and to study the role of pretreatment by specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the prevention of oxidative stress. @entity10222 (100 mg/kg), alone or in combination with @entity2544 (25 mg/kg) and @entity7855 (5 mg/kg), was administered intraperitoneally to @entity35 . After 2 hours and under general anaesthesia, the submandibular gland ducts were cannulated intraorally using microcannula, and pure saliva was collected for 30 min using @entity2134 (8 mg/kg) as a secretagogue. The submandibular glands were then isolated free under surgery. Oxidative stress in the gland and pure saliva were evaluated measuring lipid peroxidation ( @entity4466 reactive substances assay), total @entity1432 groups content and total antioxidant capacity (the ferric reducing ability assay). Results showed significant oxidative stress in the gland and secretions as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation, decreased total antioxidant capacity and @entity1432 group levels. The use of @entity268 and @entity6708 phosodiesterase inhibitors, @entity2544 and @entity7855 , prevented lead-induced increased lipid peroxidation and also protected from decreased @entity1432 groups content and total antioxidant power of the gland and secretions. The same trend of effects was observed in gland and saliva. It is concluded that @entity137 is mediated through oxidative stress in salivary glands, while increasing intracellular @entity268 and @entity6708 levels may prevent lead-induced oxidative stress.

title: Protection by @entity7855 and XXXX of @entity10222 -induced oxidative stress in @entity35 submandibular gland and saliva.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['lead toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10222 :: ('MESH:C008261', 'Chemical') :: ['Lead acetate', 'lead acetate']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['theophylline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Roles of immune reaction and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) have widely been established in the pathogenesis of @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ). METHODS: We evaluated the biologic efficacy of Korean Red @entity9052 (KRG), @entity48242 , and probiotics ( @entity10263 R0011 and @entity9206 R0052) in @entity19 models of @entity5881 . Sixty C57BL/6 @entity19 were equally divided into six feeding groups for 10 weeks: normal diet, @entity167 , control, @entity167  +  KRG, @entity167  +  @entity48242 , and @entity167  +  probiotics. @entity167 was administered via a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 10% @entity167 . TLR-4 expression, proinflammatory cytokines, and histology, as well as the results of liver function tests were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: No between-group differences were observed with regard to liver function. TLR-4 levels were significantly lower in the KRG, @entity48242 , and probiotics groups than in the @entity167 group (0.37      0.06  ng/mL, 0.39      0.12  ng/mL, and 0.33      0.07  ng/mL, respectively, vs. 0.88      0.31  ng/mL; p  <  0.05). Interleukin-1b levels in liver tissues were decreased among the probiotics and KRG groups. The @entity5 @entity39 factor-a level of liver tissue was decreased in the KRG group. CONCLUSION: The pathological findings showed that @entity167 -induced @entity1560 was significantly reduced by KRG and @entity48242 . As these agents improve immunologic capacity, they may be considered in potential anti- @entity5881 treatments.

title: Effects of Korean Red @entity9052 ( XXXX ), @entity48242 (Rhus vernicifera Stokes), and probiotics ( @entity10263 R0011 and @entity9206 R0052) on the gut-liver axis of @entity5881 .

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['Panax ginseng']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9014 Background: Prognosis of @entity1 (pts) with metastatic soft tissue @entity242 (STS) is poor even after an objective clinical response to intensive @entity632 based chemotherapy (response rate (RR) 23-45 %, median survival 13-15 months). Whether HDCT and PBSCR improves these results is an open question. We report phase II data of response to AI-G chemotherapy regime in pts with metastatic STS and the efficacy of HDCT and PBSCT. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1997 to 2003, 55 pts with metastatic STS were prospectively treated with 4 cycles of AI-G ( @entity632 75mg/m2, @entity1260 6g/m2 with @entity1261 support) as induction chemotherapy. After assessment of response pts with CR or PR received 2 further cycles AI-G with collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). HDCT consisted of @entity1260 (12g/m2), @entity2879 (1,2g/m2) and @entity3003 (1,2g/m2) ( @entity2033 -ICE) followed by reinfusion of PBSCs. RESULTS: Of 55 pts 20 pts (RR 36%) were assessed as responders (3CR;17PR) and all but two pts, who refused, received HDCT with PBSCR. The 18 pts receiving @entity2033 -ICE experienced grade IV hematologic @entity137 while no severe @entity166 complications were observed and no toxic @entity204 occured. By intent to treat analysis (20 pts) the 2-year and 5-year-overall survival (OS) are 50% and 26 %, the median survival @entity4318 months (median follow-up 21 months). Of nine pts being alive four pts are alive with NED at 11+, 22+, 42+,79+ months and five pts are alive with disease at 11+, 14+, 17+, 31+, 37+ months. 11 pts have died. CONCLUSION: Survival of pts with chemosensitive metastatic STS seems to be significantly prolonged by HDCT and PBSCR. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Efficacy of consolidation high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with @entity1260 , XXXX and @entity2879 followed by peripheral blood stem cell rescue (PBSCR) in chemosensitive @entity1 with metastatic soft tissue @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The aim of this study was to prospectively compare the diagnostic yield of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) and enteroclysis in evaluating the extent of small-bowel involvement in @entity30 ( @entity30 ). METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 (20 @entity1 ; mean age, 43 y) with endoscopically and histologically proven @entity30 underwent enteroclysis as their initial examination, followed by WCE. The radiologist who performed the small-bowel enema was blinded to the results of standard index endoscopy, which included retrograde ileoscopy. Gastroenterologists were blinded to the results of enteroclysis at the time of interpretation of the WCE video. RESULTS: Abnormal findings were documented in 8 of 31 @entity1 by using enteroclysis and in 22 of 31 @entity1 by using WCE (25.8% vs. 71%, P < .001). In 16 @entity1 with known involvement of the terminal ileum, the diagnostic yield of WCE vs enteroclysis was significantly superior (89% vs 37%, P < .001). In 15 @entity1 without lesions in the terminal ileum, abnormal findings in the proximal small bowel were detected in 7 (46%) @entity1 by WCE and only in 2 (13%) @entity1 by enteroclysis (P < .001). The capsule detected all but 2 lesions diagnosed by enteroclysis. WCE detected additional lesions that were not detected by enteroclysis in 45% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: WCE is superior to enteroclysis in estimating the presence and extent of small-bowel @entity30 . WCE may be a new gold standard for diagnosing ileal involvement in @entity1 with @entity30 without strictures and fistulae.

title: Capsule endoscopy versus enteroclysis in the detection of small-bowel involvement in XXXX : a prospective trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECT Almost all @entity4806 @entity1 who incur a @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) will develop @entity1635 , and younger @entity1 are at highest risk for curve progression requiring surgical intervention. Although the use of pedicle screws is increasing in popularity, their impact on @entity1566 -related @entity1635 has not been described. The authors retrospectively reviewed the radiographic outcomes of pedicle screw-only constructs in all @entity1 who had undergone @entity1566 -related @entity1635 correction at a single institution. Methods Medical records and radiographs from Shriner's Hospital for @entity1 -Philadelphia for the period between November 2004 and February 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Thirty-seven @entity1 , whose mean age at the index surgery was 14.91    3.29 years, were identified. The cohort had a mean follow-up of 33.2    22.8 months. The mean preoperative coronal Cobb angle was 65.5      25.7  , which corrected to 20.3      14.4  , translating into a 69% correction (p < 0.05). The preoperative coronal balance was 24.4    22.6 mm, with a postoperative measurement of 21.6    20.7 mm (p = 1.00). @entity530 was 12.7      8.7  , which corrected to 4.1      3.8  , translating into a 68% correction (p < 0.05). Preoperative shoulder balance, as measured by the clavicle angle, was 8.2      8.4  , which corrected to 2.7      3.1   (67% correction, p < 0.05). Preoperatively, @entity1513 measured 44.2      23.7   and was 33.8      11.5   postoperatively. Thoracolumbar @entity1513 was 18.7      12.1   preoperatively, reduced to 8.1      7.7   postoperatively, and measured 26.8      20.2   at the last follow-up (p < 0.05). Preoperatively, lumbar @entity1515 was 35.3      22.0  , which remained stable at 35.6      15.0   postoperatively. Conclusions Pedicle screw constructs appear to provide better correction of coronal parameters than historically reported and provide significant improvement of @entity1513 as well. Although pedicle screws appear to provide good radiographic results, correlation with clinical outcomes is necessary to determine the true impact of pedicle screw constructs on @entity1566 -related @entity1635 correction.

title: Management of XXXX -related @entity1635 using pedicle screw-only constructs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal kyphosis', 'thoracic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative pelvic obliquity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Two neuronal populations of the lateral hypothalamus that, respectively, produce @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) and orexin peptides are crucially involved in control of metabolism, feeding and related goal-oriented behaviors. In contrast to orexin neurons, mainly involved in short-term regulation of feeding, @entity6251 neurons participate in long-term control of energy storage and body weight. Beyond its effect on feeding, @entity6251 has also been shown to be involved in regulation of seeking behavior and addiction through modulation of @entity935 (DA) metabolism. This regulation is essential for reinforcement-associated behaviors. Moreover, drugs of abuse, which increase extracellular DA levels, are known to decrease food intake. Consistent with this observation, DA has been shown to modulate orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus. However, no study is available concerning the effects of DA on @entity6251 neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were done in hypothalamic @entity19 brain slices. @entity6251 neurons were identified by Tau-Cyan-GFP labeling using a transgenic @entity19 model ( @entity6251 ). First, we show that DA (10-200  M) induces an outward current in @entity6251 neurons. However, this current is not due to activation of DA receptors, but mediated through activation of a2-noradrenergic receptors and subsequent opening of G-protein activated inward rectifier K+ (GIRK) channels. Current-clamp experiments revealed that this GIRK-activation leads to hyperpolarization, thus decreasing excitability of @entity6251 neurons. Furthermore, we confirm that @entity6251 neurons receive mainly GABAergic inputs rather than glutamatergic ones. We show that DA modulates these inputs in a complex manner: at low concentrations, DA activates D1-like receptors, promoting presynaptic activity, whereas, at higher concentrations (100  M), D2-like receptor activation inhibits presynaptic activity. Overall, DA should lead to a decrease in @entity6251 neuron excitability, likely resulting in down-regulation of @entity6251 release and feeding behavior.

title: XXXX depresses melanin concentrating hormone neuronal activity through multiple effects on a2-noradrenergic, D1 and D2-like dopaminergic receptors.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MCH-GFP', 'melanin-concentrating hormone', 'MCH']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: An @entity958 cDNA ( @entity60896 ) that contains a sequence that encodes a transcription factor, which is a homolog of MYB, was cloned from a cDNA library prepared from dehydrated @entity958 rosette plants. A gene ( @entity60896 ) corresponding to the @entity60896 cDNA was also cloned and its @entity377 sequence was determined. RNA gel blot analysis showed that the @entity60896 mRNA was induced by @entity2700 and disappeared upon rehydration. The @entity60896 mRNA also accumulated upon salt stress and with the onset of treatment with @entity2271 . A beta-glucuronidase reporter gene driven by the @entity60896 promoter was induced by @entity2700 and salt stress in transgenic @entity958 plants. These observations indicate that @entity60896 is responsive to @entity2700 at the transcriptional level. The putative protein ( @entity60896 ) encoded by @entity60896 has 274 @entity1522 , a molecular mass of 32 kD, and a putative DNA binding domain that shows considerable homology to plant MYB-related proteins, such as @entity2829 C1. A fusion protein that included @entity60896 was expressed in @entity526 , and it bound specifically to oligonucleotides that contained a consensus MYB recognition sequence (TAACTG), such as is found in the @entity2235 enhancer and the @entity2829 bronze-1 promoter. Binding was sequence specific, as indicated by a gel mobility shift experiment. These results suggest that a MYB-related transcription factor is involved in the regulation of genes that are responsive to water stress in @entity958 .

title: An @entity958 myb homolog is induced by XXXX stress and its gene product binds to the conserved MYB recognition sequence.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity2700 :: (MESH:D003681,Disease) :: ['dehydration']


abstract: Muscle biopsies taken from 4 @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity1610 were analyzed by enzyme-histochemical immunocytochemical and biochemical techniques. In situ distribution of the different @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) isoforms together with that of the cytoskeletal proteins @entity2277 , @entity2283 and @entity10484 was determined in type I, type IIA, type IIB and type IIC fibers. The same muscle biopsies were analyzed for their content in @entity3999 light chains (MLC) by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and native @entity3999 isoforms by @entity9955 gel electrophoresis. The opportunity to study 4 @entity1 of different ages, all members of the same family, permitted us to reveal several interesting features in this rare and so far poorly understood muscle pathology. (i) We observed a predominance of slow (type I) fibers in the oldest @entity1 . (ii) Two classes of small clusters of @entity3202 were observed. The first class corresponded to fibers which coexpressed embryonic, fetal and fast, but not slow, @entity3998 isoforms. The fibers also displayed an abnormal distribution of @entity2283 , @entity2277 and @entity10484 . The second class was composed by fibers coexpressing embryonic, fetal, fast and slow, @entity3998 isoforms. In contrast to that observed for the first class, fibers in the second class displayed a normal pattern of expression of @entity2283 , @entity2277 and @entity10484 . (iii) A familial heterogeneity was observed between the 4 @entity1 . The pathological processes involved in the evolution of this syndrome are discussed.

title: Modification in the expression and localization of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['Schwartz-Jampel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3998 :: ('3133', 'Gene') :: ['myosin heavy chain', 'MHC']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic type IIC fibers']

entities_list: @entity9955 :: ('MESH:C107241', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrophosphate']

answer: @entity1610 :: (MESH:D010009,Disease) :: ['Schwartz-Jampel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Life Goals Program is a structured, manual-based group psychotherapy program for @entity162 that seeks to improve @entity1 participation in medical model treatment (phase 1) and assist @entity1 in meeting functional status goals (phase 2). The goals of this initial study were (a) to determine whether the procedures could be exported from the authors to other therapists and (b) to quantify tolerability and impact of procedures on @entity1 . METHOD: Four therapists across 2 sites and 29 @entity1 from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center were studied in an open feasibility study. Therapists were trained, and subsequent compliance with manual procedures was quantified. Several process indices measuring tolerability and impact on @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: Therapists covered 90% to 96% of phase 1 psychoeducational content, indicating excellent fidelity to manual procedures. Sixty-nine percent of @entity1 completed phase 1, and participation scores were in the good to excellent range for 56%. Completion of phase 1 was associated with significant increase in knowledge about @entity162 . Fourteen (70%) of 20 @entity1 enrolled in phase 2 reached their self-identified, behaviorally based goal (48% of the total sample who began phase 1 of the program). Mean +/- SD time to goal completion was 8.7 +/- 5.3 months (median [95% confidence interval] = 7 [5.1-12.3 months]; range, 2-17 months). CONCLUSION: The manual-based intervention can be exported with fidelity to other therapists and sites (for phase 1). Data indicate reasonable tolerability and good achievement of process (for phases 1 and 2) for those who accept this group modality. Comparison with other manual-based psychotherapies indicates remarkable consistency regarding content for psychotherapy for @entity162 ; major differences among the psychotherapies include mode of delivery and relative emphasis of specific components.

title: Manual-based group psychotherapy for XXXX : a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: Serum leptin decreases during @entity2124 (hGH) treatment and pre-treatment values have been suggested as a predictor of the response to hGH in @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) but not in @entity2338 . To investigate whether this holds true in @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ), we evaluated changes in serum leptin, @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and height before(b) and during the 1st year (3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months) of hGH treatment (1 IU/kg per week) in 11 @entity1 (median age(b) 10.1 years, mean height(b) -2.9 SDS) with @entity177 . Serum leptin and @entity442 were compared with values from healthy @entity1 . Each @entity1 also served as his/her own control, with values during treatment compared with those before treatment. Growth improved in all @entity1 during treatment (mean change(12 m) +7.2 cm, change in height SDS(12 m) +0.5, P=0.001). Weight decreased (median decrease(12 m) 0.3 SDS, P=0.02) but body mass index (BMI) and serum leptin did not change during treatment. Serum @entity442 levels were low before (mean -1.1 SDS) but increased during hGH treatment, the increment being greatest at 10 days (mean increment +1.9 SDS, P<0.0001). Serum leptin(b) did not correlate with change in serum @entity442 (10d), height(12 m) or weight(12 m). Serum @entity442 SDS(b) correlated with height @entity214 at 12 months ( r=0.80, P=0.006) of hGH treatment. Serum leptin(b) correlated with BMI ( r(s)=0.75, P=0.01). Levels adjusted for BMI did not differ from values in healthy @entity1 and did not change during treatment. Despite an @entity442 and growth response during hGH treatment, serum leptin did not change and pre-treatment values did not predict the growth response in these @entity1 with @entity177 .

title: Serum leptin and XXXX during @entity2124 treatment in @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['non-GHD syndromes', 'GH deficiency', 'GHD']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF-I']