abstract: The prevalence of @entity449 is 3-4% in individuals more than 65 years. Age and haemodynamic factors play an important role in the development of @entity449 . Most @entity1 with @entity449 are asymptomatic at the time of discovery. @entity439 are usually found incidentally after chest radiographs or other imaging studies. The most common complications of @entity2334 are acute @entity397 or dissection. Some @entity1 present with tender or painful @entity439 . @entity1 are thought to be at increased risk for @entity397 and should undergo surgical repair on an emergent basis We document a case of a 66-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity1353 . On evaluation, he was found to have severe @entity337 and large @entity449 . @entity1 underwent successful open heart surgery. Aortic root and aortic valve were replaced with valve conduit and coronary arteries were re-implanted. @entity1 had an uneventful recovery.

title: Incidental finding of a giant XXXX and its repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['nonruptured aneurysms', 'Thoracic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic root aneurysm']


abstract: The nature of the inhibition by salt ( @entity4338 ) of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from T4 phage-infected @entity526 (T4 enzyme) was studied using holoenzyme preparations, core enzyme and sigma fractions obtained by phosphocellulose column chromatography, and sigma fractions further purified by gradient centrifugation in the presence and absence of 6 M @entity1133 . We showed with holoenzyme preparations that salt inhibits the formation of @entity1215 -resistant preinitiation complexes. The inhibition was considerably reduced when a nonionic detergent (particularly of the Triton series) was included in the reaction mixtures. With T4 core enzyme and T4 sigma fractions together with the same fractions from uninfected cells (host enzyme fractions) and different DNA templates, we showed that the T4 sigma fraction plays a role in the salt-sensitive activity with T4 DNA. The salt sensitivity of the T4 sigma fraction was antagonized by Triton; it was not a function of sigma fractions isolated from phage cultures infected in the presence of @entity2755 . As reported previously (Stevens, A. (1973), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 54, 488), the T4 sigma fraction inhibited the activity of host sigma when they were present together in reaction mixtures, particularly in the presence of salt. T4 sigma further purified by centrifugation in @entity653 gradients had the same properties as the cruder fraction, and the T4-specific polypeptide of mol wt 10000 (Stevens, A. (1972), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 603) was found in the same fractions. If the @entity653 gradients contained 6 M @entity1133 , the mol wt 10000 polypeptide was separated from the salt-stimulated sigma. Fractions containing the small polypeptide could be added back to produce the salt-inhibitory effects. The inhibitory activity of both the crude sigma fraction and the fractions containing the small polypeptide was inactivated at 65 degrees C. The results suggest that the mol wt 10000 protein is a salt-promoted inhibitor, but the small amounts of it which are present in purified fractions of the T4 enzyme have not yet allowed its isolation in large enough quantities to permit a detailed study of its properties.

title: Characterization of an inhibitor causing potassium chloride sensitivity of an RNA polymerase from T4 phage-infected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: In the present study, we investigated whether @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) plays a critical intraovarian survival role in gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis. The effect of an intrabursal administration of a @entity6667 antagonist on follicular development, apoptosis, and levels of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins of @entity1976 family members ( @entity2310 , @entity1976 , and @entity5613 ), as well as of @entity32279 (also known as FAS) and @entity23975 ( @entity23975 ), was examined. To inhibit @entity6667 , a soluble @entity25603 /Fc Chimera ( @entity57070 ) was administered to prepubertal eCG-treated @entity35 . Injection of 0.5 mug of @entity57070 per ovary did not change the number of preantral follicles (PFs) or early antral follicles (EAFs); however, it significantly decreased the number of periovulatory follicles 48 h after surgery and significantly increased the number of atretic follicles. No significant differences were found in any stage of the follicles either 12 or 24 h after injection. Cells undergoing DNA fragmentation were quantified by performing TUNEL on ovarian sections. @entity57070 treatment caused a twofold increase in the number of apoptotic cells in EAFs. DNA isolated from antral follicles incubated for 24 h exhibited the typical apoptotic DNA pattern. Follicles obtained from @entity57070 -treated ovaries showed a significant increase in the spontaneous onset of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The injection of @entity57070 significantly increased the levels of @entity2310 and decreased the levels of @entity1976 protein. The ratio of BCL2L1L: @entity5613 s was significantly diminished in follicles obtained from ovaries treated with @entity57070 . No changes in the levels of @entity32279 or @entity23975 were observed after treatment. We concluded that the local inhibition of @entity6667 activity appears to produce an increase in ovarian apoptosis through an imbalance among the @entity1976 family members, thus leading a larger number of follicles to @entity1146 .

title: Effect of a @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) inhibitory treatment on the folliculogenesis and ovarian apoptosis in gonadotropin-treated prepubertal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor A', 'VEGFA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 eradication rates in France after therapy with @entity4546 , @entity115 and @entity4581 are among the lowest in Europe. This study evaluated alternative eradication regimens. METHODS: @entity1534 -positive @entity1 (n=323) with @entity1066 were randomized to receive one of four 1-week regimens consisting of @entity4546 , 20 mg b.d., plus either: @entity115 , 1000 mg b.d., and @entity4581 , 500 mg b.d. (OAC); @entity16393 , 1200 mg b.d., and @entity4581 , 500 mg b.d. (OBC); @entity4581 , 250 mg b.d., and @entity868 , 500 mg b.d. (OCM); or @entity115 , 1000 mg b.d, and @entity4580 , 500 mg on day 1 and 250 mg on days 2-5 (OAAz). Eradication was confirmed by @entity1133 breath test 4-6 weeks after treatment. Susceptibility testing was performed in the case of eradication failure. RESULTS: The eradication rate with OAAz was 38% (95% CI, 25.6-49.4) on intention-to-treat analysis, which was lower (P < 0.05) than with the other regimens [OCM, 61% (50.0-72.8); OBC, 65% (54.0-76.5); OAC, 72% (61.8-81.8)]. Of the strains isolated following treatment failure with OAC, OBC or OCM, 84% were @entity4581 resistant. CONCLUSIONS: OAC remains the reference treatment for @entity1534 eradication in France, although @entity16393 offers a useful alternative to @entity115 . Susceptibility testing should be considered after unsuccessful eradication therapy.

title: A randomized comparison of four XXXX -based triple therapy regimens for the eradication of @entity1534 in @entity1 with @entity1066 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity16393 :: ('MESH:C011674', 'Chemical') :: ['bacampicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['non-ulcer dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: @entity1495 , which degrades extracellular matrix, is believed to play a crucial role in @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . Angiogenesis is also perceived as an important step in @entity5 growth and @entity3 . The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of @entity1495 in @entity5 samples of @entity213 @entity1 and to study a possible correlation to angiogenic markers. Cryostat sections of 52 @entity5 were immunostained for @entity1495 , @entity540 and @entity7 using a standard streptavidin- @entity1885 complex procedure for light microscopic investigation. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined by staining of endothelial cells immunohistochemically using anti- @entity2881 monoclonal antibody. @entity1495 positive staining was detected in 27/52 (52%) of the @entity5 . @entity1495 immunoreactivity did not correlate with the main clinicopathological characteristics of the @entity1 (localisation, T-stage, N-stage, histological grading), but correlated with worse survival of the @entity1 . @entity1495 negative @entity5 showed a significant lower mean MVD per microscopic field than @entity1495 positive @entity5 (p<0. 001). There was a significant association of @entity1495 and @entity7 expression (p<0.05). The presence of @entity1495 in @entity5 and the positive correlation with MVD and @entity7 expression supports the theory that @entity1495 functions as a regulator of @entity5 angiogenesis supporting endothelial cell invasion. @entity1495 and @entity7 might act co-operatively in the process of neovascularization in @entity1 @entity135 .

title: Expression of 92-kDa type IV collagenase correlates with angiogenic markers and poor survival in head and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'HNSCC tumors', 'HNSCC cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: A retrospective chart review of clinical symptoms was done for 20 consecutive @entity1 in whom postmortem examination had revealed @entity527 and @entity3072 in a distribution consistent with @entity195 . All @entity1 had met clinical diagnostic criteria for probable @entity195 . On initial examination, 1 to 14 years beyond putative onset of the @entity303 , all @entity1 displayed at least some @entity2414 . In 16 @entity1 , disturbances of attention or recent memory were among the most salient features. In two @entity1 , language disturbances, and in two others, @entity51 , were more prominent than difficulties with memory and attention. On initial examination, 17 of the 20 @entity1 displayed @entity51 , characteristically in the context of a fluent, @entity5547 . All of the 12 reexamined @entity1 demonstrated progressive, although variable, deterioration. In general, the initial salient deficit remained salient during much of the disease course. Language comprehension was spared in the earlier stages but eventually deteriorated. @entity51 emerged in all major cognitive domains as the disease reached the terminal stages. Nonfluent aphasias (eg, @entity5785 ) were not observed even in the advanced stages of the disease.

title: Neuropsychological patterns and language deficits in 20 consecutive cases of autopsy-confirmed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ["Broca's aphasia"]

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['word-finding difficulties', 'visuospatial deficits', 'Severe deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity5547 :: ('MESH:D000849', 'Disease') :: ['anomic aphasia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity1276 associated with @entity1645 is a rare entity related to an obstruction in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the foramen of Magendie. Like all forms of noncommunicating @entity1276 . it can be treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). The object of this study is to report a series of five cases of @entity1276 associated with @entity1645 and to evaluate the use of ETV in the treatment of this @entity154 . METHODS: Five @entity1 (four @entity1 and one @entity1 with a mean age of 29.6 years) underwent ETV for @entity1276 associated with @entity1645 between April 1991 and February 1997. All @entity1 had presented with @entity10 , which in two cases were associated with @entity227 . All @entity1 had also presented with @entity1276 (mean transverse diameter of the third ventricle 12.79 mm; mean sagittal diameter of the fourth ventricle 18.27 mm) with a mean herniation of the cerebellar tonsils at 13.75 mm below the basion-opisthion line. Surgery was performed in all @entity1 by using a rigid endoscope. No complications occurred either during or after the procedure, except in one @entity1 who experienced a wound @entity281 that was treated by antibiotic medications. The mean duration of follow up in this study was 50.39 months. Four @entity1 became completely asymptomatic and remained stable throughout the follow-up period. One @entity1 required an additional third ventriculostomy after I year, due to secondary closure, and has remained stable since that time. Postoperative magnetic resonance images demonstrated a significant reduction in the extent of @entity1276 in all @entity1 (mean transverse diameter of the third ventricle 6.9 mm [p = 0.0035]; mean sagittal diameter of the fourth ventricle 10.32 mm [p = 0.007]), with a mean ascent of the cerebellar tonsils from 13.75 mm below the basion-opisthion line to 7.76 mm below it (p = 0.01). In addition, CSF flow was identified on either side of the orifice of the third ventriculostomy in all @entity1 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Results in this series confirm the efficacy of ETV in the treatment of @entity1276 associated with @entity1645 . It is a reliable, minimally invasive technique that also provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this @entity600 .

title: XXXX : a rare cause of noncommunicating @entity1276 treated by third ventriculostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disorders']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal headaches']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) of the novel anticancer agent, @entity32735 ( @entity32736 ), administered concurrently with @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 . The pharmacokinetics of @entity32736 were also evaluated. METHODS: Cohorts of three to six @entity1 were treated with escalating doses of @entity32736 , administered three times per week for a total of 16 doses concurrent with @entity1161 . The dose of @entity1161 was fixed at 5,040 cGy, and given in 28 fractions, from Monday to Friday of every week. Plasma @entity32736 concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were treated at dose level 1 (2.9 mg/kg), with one DLT (grade 3 fever). Three @entity1 were treated at dose level 2 (3.6 mg/kg), and two DLTs were noted. One DLT was grade 3 @entity390 and @entity391 (N/V), and the other was grade 3 @entity137 . The most common @entity137 was N/V. There were no objective responses. The median survival was 6 months. The @entity32736 plasma concentration versus time profile in each @entity1 was best fit by a two-compartment, open, linear model. There was minimal accumulation of @entity32736 in plasma with the three-times/week dosing schedule. Simulation of the time course of @entity32736 in the peripheral compartment indicated that maximal @entity32736 concentrations of 1-2 micromol/kg occurred between 4 and 6 h after @entity32736 infusion. CONCLUSION: Dose level 1 (2.9 mg/kg of @entity32736 ) is the recommended dose for combination with ( @entity1161 ) in phase II studies for locally advanced @entity788 . @entity1 tolerance might be improved by modification of the @entity1161 schedule and antiemetic prophylaxis.

title: Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the novel redox-active agent, @entity32735 , with concurrent @entity1161 in @entity1 with locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic or biliary tumors', 'pancreatic and biliary cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity32735 :: ('MESH:C437683', 'Chemical') :: ['motexafin gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic or biliary cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Blood biochemistry, ascites tests, and imaging examinations have low sensitivities in abdominal neoplasm diagnoses. In addition, exploratory laparotomy is not suitable for final stage @entity1 . Mini-laparoscopy has recently emerged as a new diagnostic technology for @entity1625 . The aim of this research was to evaluate the value of mini-laparoscopy in diagnosing @entity1661 . METHODS: Clinical and operational data were retrospectively analyzed in 20 cases with pathologically confirmed @entity5 . Of these, 10 cases were each diagnosed by mini-laparoscopy and exploratory laparotomy. The surgical and anesthesia expenses, perioperative nursing, monitoring and treating charges, postoperative hospital stay and complications were compared between groups. RESULTS: The surgical and anesthesia costs were statistically lower in @entity1 who received a mini-laparoscopy (P<0.01). Perioperative drug expenses and nursing and monitoring charges were also significantly decreased (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Further, the gastrointestinal function recovery time and postoperative hospital stay were significantly reduced in the mini-laparoscopy group. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the preoperative hospital stay and @entity260 . CONCLUSION: Mini-laparoscopy effectively reduces @entity3816 and treatment costs, and is capable of safely diagnosing @entity5 . Moreover, the procedure is also easy to perform.

title: Diagnostic Value of Mini-laparoscopy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal malignancies', 'abdominal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injury']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Neoplasm']


abstract: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ), acting at muscarinic @entity1617 receptors (mAChRs), modulates the excitability and synaptic connectivity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. @entity4778 pyramidal neurons respond to transient ("phasic") mAChR activation with biphasic responses in which inhibition is followed by excitation, whereas prolonged ("tonic") mAChR activation increases @entity4778 neuron excitability. Both phasic and tonic mAChR activation excites pyramidal neurons in the @entity4779 region, yet @entity1617 suppresses @entity2227 release at the @entity4779 -to- @entity4778 synapse (the Schaffer-collateral pathway). Using @entity19 genetically lacking specific mAChRs (mAChR knockout @entity19 ), we identified the mAChR subtypes responsible for cholinergic modulation of hippocampal pyramidal neuron excitability and synaptic transmission. Knockout of M1 receptors significantly reduced, or eliminated, most phasic and tonic cholinergic responses in @entity4778 and @entity4779 pyramidal neurons. On the other hand, in the absence of other G(q)-linked mAChRs (M3 and M5), M1 receptors proved sufficient for all postsynaptic cholinergic effects on @entity4778 and @entity4779 pyramidal neuron excitability. M3 receptors were able to participate in tonic depolarization of @entity4778 neurons, but otherwise contributed little to cholinergic responses. At the Schaffer-collateral synapse, bath application of the cholinergic agonist @entity5402 suppressed stratum radiatum-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in wild-type @entity4778 neurons and in @entity4778 neurons from @entity19 lacking M1 or M2 receptors. However, Schaffer-collateral EPSPs were not significantly suppressed by @entity5402 in neurons lacking M4 receptors. We therefore conclude that @entity57115 are the major mAChR subtypes responsible for direct cholinergic modulation of the excitatory hippocampal circuit.

title: XXXX modulate hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity57115 :: (12669(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['M1 and M4 receptors']


abstract: 1. A variety of enzymes, peptides, neurotrophic factors and their receptors show complex cascades of alterations with amygdala-kindled @entity410 progression; some represent compensatory adaptations that could become new targets of therapeutics. 2. Non-convulsant brain stimulation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be able to engage some of the neuro-adaptive effects of ECT without the necessity of inducing a @entity410 . 3. Data from preclinical and clinical studies raise the possibility that non-convulsant stimulation achieved by high or low frequency rTMS may be able to alter neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and neurotrophic factors, leading to frequency- and region-dependent changes in neural excitability. 4. Individual @entity308 @entity1 show differential responses to two weeks high vs. low frequency rTMS, as revealed by the inverse correlation of degree of improvement in @entity308 achieved by these two frequencies. 5. Preliminary data from rTMS and positron emission tomography (PET) studies reveal moderately sustained differential effects of rTMS frequency on regional cerebral neural activity in @entity308 @entity1 . 6. These data suggest the possibility that an individual's level of baseline rCBF or rCMRglu on PET would help predict which rTMS frequency might be the most appropriate treatment for their @entity308 .

title: XXXX models: anticonvulsant effects of ECT and rTMS.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: The importance of @entity5 angiogenesis in the process of @entity5 growth and progression in solid @entity5 has been widely accepted. Among many angiogenic factors, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been shown to play a major role in the development and dissemination of the @entity5 . @entity842 (NO) production was also observed in solid @entity5 tissues. NO has been reported to play an important role for the mitogenic effect of @entity7 in the angiogenic process. However, little is known about the correlation between @entity7 and NO in circulating levels. Therefore, we investigated serum @entity7 and NO concentrations in @entity1 @entity356 as well as healthy individuals, and examined the influence of @entity5 stage on circulating level of @entity7 . The study consisted of 11 healthy individuals and 37 @entity1 with primary @entity356 who did not receive any prior therapy. @entity1 were categorized into four groups according to TNM classification. The level of @entity1655 in preoperative sera of @entity356 @entity1 and healthy donors was assayed using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. NO concentration was estimated indirectly from serum @entity3542 . The ANOVA test showed a significant difference in serum @entity1655 concentrations between @entity5 stages (P < 0.001). A striking relationship was found between serum NO levels and @entity5 stage (P < 0.001). A significant difference was also seen between healthy individuals and @entity1 with stage 1 disease. The present study suggested that large @entity5 burden was associated with significantly increased levels of @entity1655 and NO.

title: Serum concentrations of @entity7 and @entity3542 as an estimate of in vivo @entity842 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Over the last years, we registered an increase in the number of listeriosis cases. The aim of this study was to analyze the co-morbidity, clinical presentation and prognosis of @entity5125 @entity2259 episodes diagnosed over 15 years. @entity1 AND METHOD: From January 1991 to April 2005, we prospectively recorded the medical records of 110 @entity1 in whom @entity5125 was isolated from one or more blood cultures. In all @entity1 , demographic, clinical presentation, antimicrobial treatment and outcome data were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty cases (18.2%) were recorded from 1991 to 1995; 27 (24.6%) from 1996 to 2000 and 63 (57.3%) from 2001 to April 2005 (p < 0.05). One hundred @entity1 (90.9%) had one or more underlying diseases or immunosuppressive conditions, and 54 (49.9%) were under @entity134 therapy. In 63 @entity1 , primary @entity2259 developed, in 35 there was a @entity4767 and 6 @entity1 developed a spontaneous @entity298 (all @entity1 with @entity1575 ). Thirteen @entity1 (11.8%) developed @entity326 , and 18 (16.3%) died. The mortality rate of @entity1 with @entity693 who were treated empirically with a third generation @entity5898 was 50% (5 out of 10) whereas the mortality rate of those @entity1 who received initially an antimicrobial agent active against @entity5125 was 12% (3 out of 25) (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity281 due to @entity5125 increased over the last years. Immunosuppressed @entity1 should have a better knowledge of the guidelines needed to avoid eating potentially contaminated food. When empiric treatment is to be selected in immunosuppressed @entity1 with unexplained fever and/or @entity693 , a lack of activity against @entity5125 by cephalosporins should be considered.

title: [ XXXX @entity2259 : analysis of 110 episodes].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system infection']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: @entity5850 is a chronic @entity281 caused by anaerobic actinomyces. Primary cutaneous involvement is uncommon because of the exclusively endogenous habitat of the organism. We describe a very unusual presentation mimicking chronic @entity1271 . A 35-year-old @entity1 presented 7 months post-partum with @entity925 and induration in the right breast. She was pyrexial and felt systemically unwell. An initial diagnosis of @entity1271 was made. Treatment with @entity114 , @entity2892 , co-amoxiclav and @entity868 had no effect. Skin biopsy revealed the characteristic 'sulphur granules' of actinomycoses in the deep dermis. Long term oral @entity3402 (> 12 months) has produced a very good response clinically, with a concomitant decrease in inflammatory markers. @entity5850 has been described by haematogenous spread from visceral organs or after @entity130 . The organism is difficult to culture and is often diagnosed histologically by the presence of 'sulphur granules'. It is very sensitive to @entity114 but prolonged treatment is needed.

title: @entity5850 presenting as chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous actinomycosis', 'Actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous suppurative infection']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To quantify the number of adolescent females < age 21 years with pre-cancerous @entity75 ( @entity3146 or higher (CIN 2+) or @entity15709 ( @entity15709 )) in Connecticut in the time period before new cervical screening recommendations went into effect and identify any demographic associations with a diagnosis of CIN  3. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis, surveillance. SETTING: CIN 2+/ @entity15709 precancerous @entity75 have been reportable conditions in Connecticut since 2008 for the purpose of public health surveillance. @entity1 : All @entity1 < 21 years old with pre-cancerous @entity75 diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 (N = 681). RESULTS: Of the 681 reports, 478 (70.2%) @entity1 had CIN 2, 92 had CIN 2/3 (13.5%), and 110 (16.2%) had CIN 3. CIN 3 occurred at an average rate statewide of 19/100,000 per year for @entity1 ages 13-20. The majority of adolescents with pre-cancerous @entity75 CIN 2+/ @entity15709 (70%) were 19 and 20 years of age. CIN 3 vs CIN 2 is not found to be associated with age, insurance status, specimen collection year, or living in a non-urban vs urban county. CONCLUSION: The majority of cases of pre-cancerous @entity75 in adolescents diagnosed before new screening recommendations were in effect are CIN 2 and therefore, likely to regress. CIN 3 has been infrequently found in adolescent females under age 19 years; however, under the new screening guidelines, 110 cases of CIN 3 including 77 in @entity1 19-20 years could have been missed in the adolescent female in Connecticut from 2008-2010 (54.4 per 100,000 per year for 19-20 year olds). Based upon these findings, it is necessary that clinicians educate adolescents and parents about the new screening guidelines and the importance of establishing regular cervical @entity5 screening beginning at age  21.

title: The prevalence of HPV associated @entity3146 in @entity1 under age 21: who will be missed under the new cervical XXXX screening guidelines?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity45503 , an antisense oligonucleotide directed against @entity2071 , was effective in @entity134 refractory @entity30 in a pilot trial. The aim of this study was to investigate safety and efficacy of @entity45503 in @entity30 ( @entity30 ). METHODS: A dose-interval, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 75 @entity1 with @entity134 -refractory @entity30 ( @entity30 Activity Index [CDAI], 200-400). The primary endpoint was @entity134 -free remission (CDAI <150) at week 14. RESULTS: Only 2 of 60 (3.3%) @entity45503 -treated and no placebo @entity1 reached the primary endpoint. @entity134 -free remission at week 26 (secondary endpoint) was reached in 8 of 60 (13.3%) active treatment and 1 of 15 (6.7%) placebo @entity1 . A greater proportion of @entity45503 -treated than placebo @entity1 achieved a @entity134 dose <10 mg/day at weeks 14 and 26 (48.3% vs. 33.3% and 55.0% vs. 40.0%, respectively, and a glucocorticoid dose of 0 mg [ @entity229 equivalent] at week 26 [23.3% vs. 6.7%, respectively]). Treatment with @entity45503 was safe. The most common side effects were injection site reactions in the active treatment group (23% in @entity45503 -treated @entity1 vs. none in placebo @entity1 ). No statistically significant differences in the frequency of side effects were detected between dose groups. CONCLUSIONS: The trial did not prove clinical efficacy of @entity45503 based on the primary endpoint. Positive trends were observed in some of the secondary endpoints.

title: Absence of efficacy of subcutaneous antisense XXXX treatment of @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "chronic active Crohn's disease", 'CACD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['ICAM-1']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The authors developed a method of spinous process-splitting laminoplasty using a threadwire saw in a prospective study of 25 @entity1 with cervical @entity602 . This report describes the surgical technique and the results of the expansive midline laminoplasty performed with an threadwire saw. OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of midline, threadwire-saw laminoplasty with that of the original spinous process-splitting laminoplasty. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The spinous process-splitting laminoplasty was described by Kurokawa in 1982. Although the procedure has a number of theoretical and practical advantages, it has not been widely used because of technical difficulties. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 who underwent expansive, midline, threadwire-saw laminoplasty from C3 to C7 for cervical @entity602 were studied. The threadwire saw was used to split the spinous processes. The mean follow-up period was 34 months. Neurologic results were evaluated with pre- and postoperative scores, and recovery rates were evaluated by methods described in previous reports using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system. Radiographic data analyzed included plain radiographs and computed tomography scans. The duration of surgery and the amount of blood lost during this procedure using the threadwire saw were compared with the duration and @entity190 that occurred during the original Kurokawa's procedure using a burr. RESULTS: In all cases, good enlargement of the cervical canal was achieved. The mean increase in cervical cross-sectional area was 36.1%, according to computed tomography scans. No dural tears occurred, and no @entity1 experienced any @entity16 . The neurologic recovery rate was 72%, which was almost same as the neurologic recovery rate in the original procedure. Using the threadwire saw, the mean duration of surgery was 63 minutes shorter and the mean @entity190 was 70 cc less than in procedures using burrs. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the threadwire saw to split the spinous processes made Kurokawa's procedure simpler, faster, and safer.

title: Expansive midline T-saw laminoplasty (modified spinous process-splitting) for the management of cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in neurologic function']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent progress on airway stents has provided sufficient airway patency for @entity1 with @entity1224 ; however, when the @entity850 exists in the carinal zone, establishing an excellent airway condition is still troublesome because of the anatomic structure. METHODS: We treated 15 @entity1 with severe @entity19926 involving a carinal bifurcation region, using several types of stenting devices (long T-tube, T-Y tube, wire reinforced Y tracheostomal tube, Freitag Dynamic stent [Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany], and covered metallic stent). All @entity1 had advanced inoperable @entity5 ( @entity2 , n = 6; @entity418 , n = 3; @entity259 , n = 3; mediastinal @entity5 , n = 3). RESULTS: All but 2 @entity1 had immediate relief of respiratory symptoms. One @entity1 died of @entity1576 caused by pulmonary lymphatic spread 3 days after Dynamic stent insertion. In 1 @entity1 with severe left main @entity850 due to @entity2 , effective palliation was not achieved by insertion of a covered metallic stent because of its insufficient expansion against the @entity850 . Mean survival after successful stenting was 4.3 months (range, 1 to 15 months). There were no complications directly attributable to the stents. CONCLUSIONS: As evidenced by the clinical effectiveness, airway stenting for inoperable @entity5 is valuable in such @entity1 . Choosing a stent that will fully cover the lesion and allow sufficient tolerance against compression is important to successful stenting. Benefits such as ease of phonation and stent maintenance should also be considered.

title: Stenting for XXXX in the carinal region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19926 :: ('MESH:C566362', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate sensitivities of @entity0 screening modalities and preclinical duration of the disease from eight @entity0 screening clinical trials. @entity1 AND METHODS: Screening programs invariably lead to diagnosis of disease before signs or symptoms are present. Two key quantities of screening programs are the sensitivity of the disease detection modality and the @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ). The observed screening histories in a periodically screened cohort make it possible to estimate these quantities of interest. We applied recently developed statistical methods to data from eight randomized @entity0 screening trials to estimate the sensitivities of early detection modalities and @entity1054 . Moreover, when a screening trial involved two screening modalities, our methods enabled the estimation of the individual sensitivity of each screening modality. RESULTS: We analyzed @entity0 data from several screening trials and have relatively complete data from the Health Insurance Plan (HIP), Edinburgh, and two Canadian studies. The screening sensitivity for mammography, physical examination, and @entity1054 were, respectively, HIP: 0.39, 0.47, and 2.5 years; Edinburgh: 0.63, 0.40, and 4.3 years; Canadian (age 40 to 49 at entry): 0.61, 0.59, and 1.9 years; Canadian (age 50 to 59 at entry): 0.66, 0.39, and 3.1 years. CONCLUSION: The public debate on early @entity0 detection is mainly centered on mammograms. However, the current study indicates that a physical examination is of comparable importance. Cautious interpretation of trial differences is required as a result of various experimental designs and the age dependency of screening sensitivity and @entity1054 .

title: Screening sensitivity and sojourn time from XXXX early detection clinical trials: mammograms and physical examinations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['mean sojourn time', 'MST']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Genome-wide association studies have identified a @entity453 ( @entity453 ) risk locus in a non-coding region at 9p21.3, the nearest genes being @entity986 and @entity9288 . To understand the pathways by which this locus might influence @entity453 susceptibility, we investigated associations between the 9p21.3 risk genotype and global gene expression in heart tissue from donors with no diagnosed @entity299 (n=108, predominant cause of @entity204 , @entity64 ) and in carotid plaque (n=106), aorta (n=104) and mammary artery (n=88) tissues from heart valve and carotid endarterectomy @entity1 . Genotyping was performed with Taqman assays and Illumina arrays, and gene expression profiles generated with Affymetrix microarrays. Associations were analyzed with an additive genetic model. In heart tissue, 46 genes were putatively altered in association with the 9p21.3 risk allele (70% down-regulated, fold-change >1.1 per allele, p<0.05 adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, cause of @entity204 ). These genes were enriched for biomarkers of @entity583 (p=1.53 10(-9)), response to wounding (p=2.65 10(-10)) and inflammatory processes (p<1.97 10(-7)). Among the top 10 most down-regulated genes, 7 genes shared a set of transcription factor binding sites within conserved promoter regions (p<1.14 10(-5)), suggesting they may be co-regulated. Canonical pathway modelling of the most differentially expressed transcripts across all tissues (154 genes, 60% down-regulated, fold-change >1.1 per allele, p<0.01) showed that 75% of the genes could be transcriptionally regulated through the cell cycle G1 phase progression pathway (p<1.08 10(-258)), in which @entity986 and @entity9288 play a regulatory role. These data suggest that the cell cycle G1 phase progression pathway is activated in individuals with the 9p21.3 risk allele. This may contribute to a proliferative phenotype that promotes adverse @entity1283 and @entity6980 , leading to an increased @entity453 risk.

title: The chromosome 9p21.3 coronary XXXX risk allele is associated with altered gene expression in normal heart and vascular tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular accident']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Japan, autopsies are seldom performed for the victims of road traffic accidents (RTA). Thus, when an elderly RTA victim dies after long-term hospitalization, the actual cause of @entity204 is hard to determine. SUBJECTS: Eight hundred eleven road traffic victims (69 +/- 16 years, M/F = 592/219) for whom insurance companies required us to judge the medical causal relation between the accident and the @entity204 from the view point of clinical forensic medicine. METHODS: We discussed and reevaluated the cause of @entity204 and decided the cause and effect relation based on medical information. RESULTS: The number of subjects was equivalent to 8.4% of the yearly @entity204 by RTA in the investigated area, 19.3% of the aged @entity204 by RTA. An autopsy was performed only for 5%, ISS was 17.0 +/- 11.5; 94% were hospitalized; 62% continued to be unconscious, involving @entity303 (32%), persistent vegetative state (17%), @entity772 (13%). Of the cases investigated, 89% died after becoming bedridden, which in 87% of cases was due to the RTA. The odds ratios of a bedridden state for @entity135 > = 3, lower limbs AIS > = 2, lower limbs AIS > = 3, spinal AIS > = 3, chest AIS > = 2 were 3.1, 3.2, 7.2, 2.5, 1.8, respectively. The odds ratios of @entity303 for @entity135 > = 3, @entity135 > = 4, chest AIS > = 4 were 29.2, 35.9, 1.2, respectively. @entity1 with @entity542 were more likely to be bedridden and senile, and @entity1 with leg @entity174 tended to be bedridden, particular in the aged. When elderly traffic victims became bedridden or senile, most of them, 399 bedridden victims and 53 non-bedridden victims, died within 242 +/- 283 days, and 356 +/- 284 days from the RTA, respectively. The cause of @entity204 could be classified into five categories; @entity55 , other @entity281 , @entity2700 , @entity2700 with @entity55 , @entity281 . Traffic @entity204 were recorded on 31% of @entity204 certificates, but were 77% by our reevaluation (p < 0.00001), because the cause-of- @entity204 can be difficult to determine in elderly traffic victims. Logistic regression was used to calculate the risk of @entity303 caused by @entity174 after adjusting for age and gender. The risk of @entity303 due to @entity174 was influenced by the number of the long fractured bones, a high age group, a lower ADL, and a past history of @entity303 . Thus, we speculate that traumatic @entity303 based on @entity174 may occur.

title: [Causes of XXXX and bed-ridden state in elderly victims of road traffic accidents in Japan].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition and/or dehydration']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma or semi-coma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition and/or dehydration with other infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood @entity413 monitoring is an important component of @entity6 self-management for individuals with insulin-treated @entity6 . Although @entity1 -maintained logbooks are routinely used, @entity413 values may be inaccurately recorded or not recorded at all. Electronic logbooks may help overcome such problems. We conducted a @entity23 ( @entity23 ) to compare glycemic control in insulin-treated @entity1 using integrated @entity413 meters and electronic logbooks (Electronic Group) with @entity1 using conventional meters and paper logbooks (Paper Group), and to determine persistence of glycemic improvements during long-term observational follow-up. METHODS: After a 4-week run-in, adult and pediatric @entity1 (n = 205) with stable hemoglobin A(1C) ( @entity3916 ) >or=8.0% were randomized, and their logbook data and @entity3916 were monitored every 4 weeks for 16 weeks. After the @entity23 , @entity1 selected their monitoring systems and resumed usual care. The four resulting subgroups, defined by whether @entity1 continued or changed monitoring systems, were reassessed after 26-65 weeks. RESULTS: During the @entity23 , mean @entity3916 decreased -0.27% in the Paper Group and -0.35% in the Electronic Group. Repeated-measures analysis revealed that the mean decrease was significantly greater in the Electronic than the Paper Group (P = 0.022). From randomization through observational follow-up, @entity1 consistently using integrated meters/logbooks had an @entity3916 decrease of -0.36% (P = 0.008), whereas @entity1 using conventional meters/logbooks throughout or switching meters returned to pre-enrollment @entity3916 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional monitoring systems, use of an integrated meter and electronic logbook resulted in modest, but significant and sustained, improvement in @entity3916 in insulin-treated @entity1 with suboptimal glycemic control during an @entity23 and observational follow-up.

title: Continued use of an integrated meter with electronic logbook maintains improvements in glycemic control beyond a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized, controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['randomized, controlled trial']


abstract: In 8 of 758 @entity1 undergoing an intracardiac operation under cardiopulmonary bypass and @entity2332 , @entity8684 developed 3 to 7 days postoperatively. Before the onset of @entity8684 , varying degrees of @entity51 were noted. Electroencephalography and neuroimaging failed to detect any responsible functional or structural changes. Six @entity1 are alive 1 to 3 years postoperatively, and their condition is improving. Two @entity1 died of @entity1173 or @entity295 . All @entity1 were grouped based on factors identified as being possibly causative: depth of @entity2332 , cooling time, flow rate, and repeated @entity2332 . The incidence of @entity8684 was significantly different in group A (rectal temperature greater than 25 degrees C) compared with group B (rectal temperature less than or equal to 25 degrees C) (0/295 versus 8/463; p = 0.02). Based on cooling time, the incidence of @entity8684 was significantly different in group B1 (cooling time less than 1 hour) compared with group B2 (cooling time greater than or equal to 1 hour) (1/220 versus 7/243; p = 0.05). Based on flow rate during cooling, group B2 was further divided into the low-flow group (less than 1,500 mL.min-1.m-2) and the high-flow group (greater than or equal to 1,500 mL.min-1.m-2). Although not significant, the incidence of @entity8684 was higher in the high-flow group (6/153 versus 1/90; p = 0.22). In group B @entity1 having reoperation, the incidence of @entity8684 was higher than in @entity1 operated on for the first time (5/54 versus 3/409; p less than or equal to 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity8684 after XXXX without circulatory arrest.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['deep hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With 17.6% of all primary parotid neoformations the benign @entity4724 (cystadenolymphoma) is the second common @entity5 . Males > 50 years are affected predominantly. After surgery the recurrence rate is less than 5%. Histomorphologically the @entity5 is characterized by cystoid ducts lined by epithelial cells as well as @entity706 . The lymphoid component has been described as radioresponsive whereas the epithelial parts are less radiosensitive. Since 1960 only one @entity1 treated by primary radiotherapy has been published. CASE REPORT: A 77-year-old @entity1 suffered from cystadenolymphoma (maximal diameter 7 cm). Because of its extension and the reduced performance status of the @entity1 surgery was no option. Radiotherapy was performed with a total dose of 50 Gy. Clinically, the @entity5 regressed completely after 30 Gy, which was confirmed by CT at 6 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. After 6 and 12 months the @entity1 stayed free of @entity5 . EPICRISIS: In our case the cystadenolymphoma was unusually large (7 cm). Radiotherapy with 50 Gy induced complete @entity5 regression. The good clinical response after 30 Gy suggests that the necessary dose may be lower for less extended cystadenolymphomas. CONCLUSION: We present a case of cystadenolymphoma treated by radiotherapy with 50 Gy resulting in a complete remission. Due to missing published experiences no common recommendation for the total dose can be given. In the following situations radiotherapy should be considered: 1. high surgical risk of @entity16 , 2. unfavorable cosmetic outcome after surgery, 3. inoperability for internal risks, 4. refusal of operation.

title: [Radiotherapy for an @entity4724 of the parotid gland ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid stroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'parotid gland tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the facial nerve']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ["Warthin's tumor"]

answer: @entity4724 :: (MESH:D000235,Disease) :: ['Warthin tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study was undertaken to analyze the patterns of failure in @entity1 with @entity11 after localized irradiation. @entity1 AND MATERIALS: Recurrence patterns of 46 @entity1 with @entity11 ( @entity463 : 24, anaplastic @entity816 : 15, @entity3271 : 5, unclassified @entity11 : 2) were studied using CT/MR scans and radiotherapy plan-plots. All @entity1 were operated before and a total dose of 5,940 cGy was given after CT assisted and individually configurated 3-D planning using 7-15 slices at an in between distance of 5 mm. The target volume included a 2-3 cm margin beyond the @entity5 indicated by preoperative CT scan. The following parameters were analyzed: @entity5 size and type, size of perifocal @entity4 and whether the @entity4 was fully included into treatment volume and finally the location of the recurrent @entity5 . The maximal distance between @entity5 and recurrent @entity5 was measured and also the distance from the border of the @entity5 to the distant border of @entity4 for a visual analysis. RESULTS: Local limited volume irradiation was sufficient since 73.9% of recurrences occurred within 2 cm distance from @entity5 and 93.5% of recurrences occurred completely within 3 cm distance from @entity5 . Regarding the distance between @entity5 and recurrent @entity5 and the time interval until appearance of recurrent @entity5 it was not of importance if perifocal @entity4 was included completely into treatment volume or not. CONCLUSION: Limited volume irradiation of @entity11 with a target volume 3 cm beyond that indicated by preoperative CT scan seems to be sufficient, since 93.5% of recurrences were completely within 3 cm distance from the margin of the @entity5 . Improvement of the results with larger treatment volumes are unlikely. Complete irradiation of perifocal @entity4 was not found to be necessary.

title: Patterns of failure following CT-based 3-D irradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: Expression of the @entity3544 protein of the ras oncogene family was studied in a case of @entity1 @entity263 tissue and the cell line was derived from the @entity5 . Flow cytometry analysis of the @entity5 cells obtained from the @entity5 indicated that approximately 25 per cent of the cells were positive for this oncogene product. However, by the immunoperoxidase method almost all of the @entity5 cells at the vertebral metastatic sites in the same @entity1 were positive for the @entity3544 protein. The cell line established from the @entity5 displayed 2 distinct subpopulation growth patterns in vitro: a monolayer, density-inhibited growth and a multicellular aggregate type growth morphology. These 2 subpopulations could be separated by density elutriation centrifugation. The isolated subpopulation cells were noted to express prostatic acid phosphatase and @entity1486 at high frequency. High levels of expression of these 2 prostatic markers also were found in the @entity5 cells at the vertebral metastatic sites. However, when the isolated subpopulations were analyzed for the expression of @entity3544 protein, the multicellular grown cells were almost 90 per cent positive for the @entity3544 antigen, whereas only approximately 5 per cent of the monolayer grown cells were positive for the same protein. Our findings suggest that primary @entity263 are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations of neoplastic cells while only specific subpopulations have metastatic potential. Quantification of prostatic acid phosphatase and @entity1486 in the @entity5 cells probably will not offer a predictive value for the eventual behavior of the @entity5 . However, evaluation of oncogene products, such as the @entity3544 protein, may be useful as a clinical predictor for metastatic potential.

title: Heterogeneous subpopulations of @entity1 XXXX cells: potential usefulness of @entity3544 protein as a predictor for bone metastasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: We report on a survey of the referral of 525 @entity1 making their first visit to an ophthalmology department. Information was gathered by interviewing the parents and reviewing the case notes. Parents and relatives initiated the referrals in 223 cases (42%) and health visitors initiated a further 123 cases (23%). General practitioners were rarely the first to notice a condition, though they played a major part in the subsequent referral process. Of 556 reasons for referral squint was the most important (319 cases, 57%), followed by @entity227 (106 cases, 19%). There were 44 confirmed cases of @entity4457 , of which 15 (34%) were not detected until the @entity1 was aged 5 years or over. The overall accuracy of referral was 66% (367 reasons for referral confirmed). In 109 cases (21%) the @entity1 was found to be normal. Parents and relatives first noticed 54% of cases of confirmed squint but only 15% of the cases of @entity227 . Health professionals, especially health visitors, were of great importance in first detecting @entity227 .

title: A survey of the initial referral of XXXX to an ophthalmology department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['poor vision']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical treatment of @entity30 ( @entity1050 ) complicated with perforation or @entity292 . METHODS: The clinical data of 24 @entity1050 cases complicated with perforation or @entity292 treated in our department from Jan. 1980 to Apr. 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 24 cases of @entity1050 complicated with perforation or @entity292 among 181 @entity1050 @entity1 ,and the incidence of perforation or @entity292 was 13.3%. @entity134 treatment before perforation was given in 8 @entity1 , while not in 9 @entity1 and unclear in 7 @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 had single perforation, 4 @entity1 two free perforations and 2 @entity1 more than three extra-abdominal @entity292 . Emergency operation was performed in 8 cases and selective operation in 16 cases. Five cases had @entity260 including incision @entity281 in 2, @entity6177 in 2 and stomal @entity292 in one case, and were all cured by surgical @entity281 treatment. The morbidity rate was 20.8%. The postoperative mortality rate was 12.5% (3/24). Eighteen @entity1 were followed up from 6 months to 18 years, and the 5-year recurrent rate was 16.7%. The 10-year reoperation rate was 33.3%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity134 use is not the main cause of perforation or @entity292 in @entity1050 . Perforation or @entity292 is the definite indication for surgical treatment.

title: [Surgery therapy of @entity30 complicated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'drainage and anti-infection']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: Gout refers to heterogeneous group of @entity209 characterized by production of deposits of @entity414 crystals in tissues. Gout manifests as @entity3811 with classic clinical picture, or as @entity102 with periarticular and subcutaneous deposits of @entity414 crystals, i.e. tophi. As for kidney, @entity210 is manifested as acute or chronic @entity8 and @entity1791 . These manifestations occur separately or they are combined. @entity5052 of @entity210 is caused rather by impaired renal secretion than overproduction of @entity414 . Secondary @entity5052 is associated with many pathological conditions; it is also connected with the use of various medicaments. Pathogenesis of @entity3811 is critically influenced by @entity414 crystals and inflammatory processes they induce. @entity5052 is part of @entity18948 which is associated with unanswered question of the relationship between @entity414 and @entity731 . Although @entity3811 is the most frequent @entity32 in @entity1 over 50 years of age, it is often diagnosed and treated inadequately. On that account, the indication of long-term hypouricemic therapy should be always based on the following criteria: secondary causes of @entity5052 have to be excluded first; frequency of @entity210 attacks and the risk of their recurrence should be taken into consideration; then it is necessary to search for renal manifestations of @entity210 ; and last but not least, we should check whether there are any associated diseases classified in @entity18948 .

title: [Pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease of joints']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['gouty nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity18948 :: ('MESH:D024821', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome X']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis', 'acute gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gouty arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['gout', 'primary gout']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid', 'sodium urate']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: The in vitro immune response to @entity778 ( @entity778 ), type 1, strain 539, @entity778 , strain 316D, and @entity2803 was studied in 20 @entity1 (14 with acquired @entity3230 , four with the acquired @entity3230 -related symptom complex, and two sexually active asymptomatic homosexuals) and 18 @entity23 . Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with 2 X 10(5) plaque-forming units of heat-inactivated viruses, their lymphocyte blastogenic responses were measured after 5 days in culture by @entity665 incorporation, their interferon production was measured after 24 hr and 5 days, and natural killer (NK) cell activation was measured after 24 hr and 5 days of culture. Blastogenic responses to viruses were significantly low for only @entity778 :1.75 X 10(3) cpm in @entity1 ' cells compared to 6.36 for controls. Interferon responses to all three viruses were significantly low at both 24 hr and 5 days; e.g., @entity778 :139 IU/ml in @entity1 ' cells compared to 777 for controls at 24 hr. NK cell responses of @entity1 were lower than those of controls when tested fresh and after 24 hr of incubation: 6.1 versus 11.7% and 9.2 versus 16.8% target cell lysis, respectively. Exposure to viruses boosted NK cell responses of both @entity1 ' and controls' cells, but boosting was generally greater among the normal rather than the @entity1 ' cells. The abnormalities of response were present in all three @entity1 groups. Addition of @entity1199 in vitro increased the @entity1 and control blastogenic and NK responses but did not augment the interferon responses. The in vitro responses to both @entity778 , and @entity778 , type 2, correlated significantly with our conventional assays of the percentage and absolute level of T4+-helper lymphocytes in the blood and the blastogenic responses to mitogens, such as phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A. This system should be useful for the study of host defense in acquired @entity3230 @entity1 and those in high-risk groups, and also for the in vitro evaluation of immunomodulators.

title: Impaired in vitro interferon, blastogenic, and natural killer cell responses to viral stimulation in acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HSV', 'herpes simplex virus', 'HSV, type 1', 'HSV type 2']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['heterosexual healthy controls']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity3230 :: (MESH:C565469,Disease) :: ['immune deficiency syndrome']


abstract: The development of five geographic isolates of Steinernema feltiae at 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 28 degrees C in wax moth, Galleria mellonella, larvae was examined. The isolates were from Mediterranean (Sinop from @entity233 , SN from France, and Monterey from California), subtropical (Rafaela from Argentina), and tropical ( @entity55733 from Hawaii) regions. All isolates caused 100% mortality of wax moth larvae and developed and produced progeny between 8 and 25 degrees C. At 28 degrees C, mortality was 100%, but no progeny was observed. The highest infective juvenile production was observed at 15 degrees C for all isolates. In general, the tropical isolate, @entity55733 , had the lowest production of infective juveniles. The time of emergence of the infective juveniles from the host cadaver showed some differences among isolates, with the Sinop isolate having the earliest emergence time from cadavers at 15 degrees C (10 days) and 20 degrees C (8 days). At 25 degrees C, the infective juveniles of the Sinop, SN, and Rafaela isolates emerged from the cadavers from 5 to 7 days. Time of host death by all isolates showed no differences at 8, 10, 15, 20, and 28 degrees C. At 25 degrees C for all isolates (except the @entity55733 ), shorter times to host death were observed. @entity204 occurred at 12 days at 8 degrees C, 9 to 11 days at 10 degrees C, 4 to 5 days at 15 degrees C, 3 days at 20 degrees C, and 2 days at 25 and 28 degrees C. For penetration efficiency, the Sinop, SN, and Rafaela isolates penetrated their hosts at 5, 8, and 10 degrees C. Penetration of the infective juveniles was consistently high for all isolates at 15, 20, 25, and 28 degrees C, but it was significantly lower for the @entity55733 isolate at 15, 25, and 28 degrees C. No progeny production occurred at 28 degrees C, but @entity2199 penetration did occur with the @entity55733 isolate having significantly lower penetration than the other isolates. When @entity2199 were produced at 8, 15, and 23 degrees C in wax moth larvae, all isolates had infective juveniles with longer body lengths at 8 degrees C followed by 15 and 23 degrees C. To further verify body length at the different temperatures, beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, larvae and @entity235 -food agar medium were used, respectively, for in vivo and in vitro culture of the Sinop isolate. Infective juvenile body length showed the same trends, with the longest being at 8 degrees C and decreasing in length from 15 to 23 degrees C. The data suggest that quality of food for the @entity2199 and temperature (that is, developmental time) influence the body length of the infective juvenile.

title: Developmental temperature effects on five geographic isolates of the entomopathogenic XXXX Steinernema feltiae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae).

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Host death']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematode']


abstract: The aim of study was to estimate the utility of Vabra aspirator in the screening of @entity1204 . For this and 656 @entity1 aged over 40 were subjected to cytologic examination and we compared the date obtained with the histologic examination, when the @entity1 was subjected to surgical operation. The research which we carried out was of the retrospective type and it lasted two years. The @entity1 were recruited at the division out-clinic and locally. All the examinations were carried out at the division, using the method of Vabra aspirator with the Kit of Sterilab. The @entity1 admitted to examination showed some @entity1866 , (spotting, abnormal uterine @entity548 , @entity1867 and after postmenopausal uterine @entity548 ), and stayed at our USSL or at neighbouring ones. The cytologic examination have been read beside a single centre and the cytologic diagnosis has been compared with the histology one on the operating organ. The result obtained agrees with the literature. In fact, out of 888 screened @entity1 , 656 were aged over 40 and 232 aged less than 40. In the group of 656 @entity1 3 @entity420 have been diagnosed and 4 @entity1373 , equivalent to 0.33% and to 0.45% respectively. In conclusion, we can say that the method has shown a good diagnostic reliability into the diagnosis of malignant @entity5 . According to other authors, its limit is, instead, the high number of inadequate, besides the impossibility to diagnose other uterine pathologies, such as the @entity1478 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The role of the Vabra aspirator in the screening of XXXX . Our experience].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps and the uterine myoma']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['metrorrhagias']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: In filamentous fungi, @entity376 is synthesized via the alpha-aminoadipate pathway. In order to gain insight into this fungus-specific pathway (to date, no genes for enzymes of this pathway in filamentous fungi have been cloned) the @entity376 auxotrophic mutant LysF88 of @entity14940 was studied. HPLC and 1H-NMR analyses revealed that LysF88 accumulated @entity53711 in the culture supernatant. In addition, both the LysF88 mutant strain and LysF deletion strain (LysFKO) described here showed hardly any homoaconitase activity, indicating that lysF encodes homoaconitase. The lysF gene was cloned by complementation of the LysF88 mutant and sequenced. It has a size of 2397 bp, including a single intron of 72 bp. The two exons encode an open reading frame (ORF) of 2325 bp. The calculated M(r) of the homoaconitase protein (775 @entity1522 ) is 83,943. A major and a minor transcript begin at positions -28 and -32, respectively. The 3' end of the lysF cDNA showed a poly(A) tail commencing at position +2647 following a 250 bp untranslated region after the lysF stop codon. A putative polyadenylation signal sequence (TATAAA) is located 49 bp upstream of the polyadenylation site. Computer analysis revealed 55% @entity535 sequence identity between the products of the putative homoaconitase ORF of A. nidulans and that of the recently sequenced homologous @entity375 . The similarity was particularly obvious in a region of @entity462 residues, which are characteristic of an @entity5985 cluster, implying that homoaconitase contains such a cluster. The homoaconitases of A. nidulans and @entity375 share only 20% sequence identity with @entity375 aconitase. The pH optimum for the activity of A. nidulans homoaconitase in 0.1 M @entity17500 buffer is between pH 8.1 and pH 8.6. Homoaconitase exhibited an apparent K(m) of 1.1 mM toward @entity53712 . The specific activity of homoaconitase was reduced by up to six-fold in mycelia grown in the presence of @entity9108 , suggesting that it is regulated by @entity376 .

title: The XXXX lysF gene encodes homoaconitase, an enzyme involved in the fungus-specific @entity376 biosynthesis pathway.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity53711 :: ('MESH:C028143', 'Chemical') :: ['homocitric acid']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity53712 :: ('MESH:C517550', 'Chemical') :: ['homoisocitric acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['S. cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity5985 :: ('CHEBI:30408', 'Chemical') :: ['iron-sulfur']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: This study characterized age-related alterations in excitation-contraction (EC)-coupling in ventricular myocytes and investigated whether these alterations are affected by the sex of the animal. Voltage-clamp experiments were conducted in myocytes from young adult (approximately 7 mo) and aged (approximately 24 mo) male and female @entity19 . Intracellular @entity141 concentrations and unloaded cell shortening were measured at 37 degrees C with @entity593 and a video edge detector. Fractional shortening and @entity141 current density were significantly reduced in aged male myocytes compared with those in young adult male cells. In addition, @entity141 transients were significantly smaller in aged male myocytes. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) content, assessed by rapid application of 10 mM @entity5834 , declined with age in male myocytes. However, EC coupling gain and fractional release of SR @entity141 were similar in young adult and aged male cells. In contrast to results in male animals, fractional shortening and @entity141 current densities were similar in young adult and aged myocytes isolated from female hearts. Furthermore, @entity141 transient amplitudes were unaffected by age in female cells. Interestingly, SR @entity141 content was elevated in aged female myocytes, and fractional SR @entity141 release declined with age in females. However, the gain of EC coupling was not different in myocytes from young adult and aged female @entity19 . These data demonstrate that age-related alterations in EC coupling are more prominent in myocytes from male hearts than in cells from female hearts and suggest that it is important to consider sex as a variable in studies of the effects of aging on cardiac EC coupling.

title: Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is altered in myocytes from aged male XXXX but not in cells from aged female @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extensive @entity2334 that involve the ascending, arch, and descending segments require challenging repairs associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this report is to evaluate contemporary outcomes after surgical repair of extensive @entity2334 using a two-stage approach with the @entity7105 trunk technique. METHODS: During a 15 1/2-year period, 148 consecutive @entity1 underwent total aortic arch replacement using the @entity7105 trunk technique. Seventy-six of these @entity1 (51%, 76/148) returned for second-stage repair of the descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta 4.9 +/- 7.5 months after the first stage. RESULTS: Operative mortality after the proximal aortic stage was 12% (18/148). Seven @entity1 (5%) had @entity64 . Among the @entity1 who subsequently underwent distal aortic repair, operative mortality was 4% (3/76). Two @entity1 (3%) developed @entity451 . Long-term survival after completing the second stage of repair was 70 +/- 6% at 5 years and 59 +/- 7% at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary management of extensive @entity2334 using the two-stage @entity7105 trunk technique yields acceptable short-term and long-term outcomes. This technique remains an important component of the surgical armamentarium.

title: The XXXX trunk technique for staged repair of complex aneurysms of the entire thoracic aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although lymphocyte recruitment and activation are associated with @entity2806 -reperfusion (I/R) injury, the contributions of specific lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocyte-derived @entity60 ( @entity60 ) to @entity64 remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to define the contribution of specific populations of lymphocytes to the inflammatory and prothrombogenic responses elicited in the cerebral microvasculature by I/R and to investigate the role of T-cell-associated @entity60 in the pathogenesis of @entity385 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity2500 was induced for 1 hour (followed by 4 or 24 hours of reperfusion) in wild-type @entity19 and @entity19 deficient in lymphocytes ( @entity5350 (-/-)), @entity1961 + T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, or @entity60 . Platelet and leukocyte adhesion was assessed in cortical venules with intravital video microscopy. @entity51 and @entity1188 volume were determined 24 hours after reperfusion. @entity5350 (-/-), @entity1961 + T-cell(-/-), CD8+ T-cell(-/-), and @entity60 (-/-) @entity19 exhibited comparable significant reductions in I/R-induced @entity1423 compared with wild-type @entity19 exposed to I/R. @entity1188 volume was reduced and I/R-induced @entity51 was improved in immunodeficient @entity5350 (-/-) @entity19 . These protective responses were reversed in @entity5350 (-/-) @entity19 reconstituted with either wild-type or, to a lesser extent, @entity60 (-/-) splenocytes. @entity1892 @entity19 failed to show improvement against @entity385 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that @entity1961 + and CD8+ T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes, contribute to the inflammatory and thrombogenic responses, @entity1545 , and @entity51 associated with experimental @entity64 . Although @entity60 plays a pivotal role in @entity64 -induced inflammatory responses, T lymphocytes appear to be a minor source of this cytokine.

title: Role of T lymphocytes and XXXX in @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte and platelet adhesion']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['Middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficit', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell-deficient']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke injury', 'ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that the sigma-2 receptor is highly expressed in @entity788 . Furthermore, we have demonstrated that sigma-2 receptor specific ligands induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. Here, we examined whether sigma-2 receptor ligands potentiate conventional chemotherapies such as @entity136 and @entity1311 . METHODS: @entity19 (Panc-02) and @entity1 (CFPAC-1, Panc-1, @entity1 ) @entity788 cell lines were used in this study. Apoptosis was determined by FACS or immunohistochemical analysis after TUNEL and @entity522 staining. Combination therapy with the sigma-2 ligand @entity56457 and the conventional chemotherapies @entity136 and @entity1311 was evaluated in an allogenic animal model of @entity788 . RESULTS: @entity56457 , @entity136 , and @entity1311 induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion in all @entity788 cell lines tested. Combinations demonstrated increases in apoptosis. @entity19 were treated with @entity56457 (1 mg/day) which was administered in combination with @entity1311 (300 microg/day) over 7 days to @entity19 with established @entity5 . A survival benefit was observed with combination therapy (p = 0.0002). Every other day treatment of @entity56457 (1 mg/day) in combination with weekly treatment of @entity136 (1.5 mg/week) for 2 weeks also showed a survival benefit (p = 0.046). Animals tolerated the combination therapy and no gross @entity137 was noted in serum biochemistry data or on necropsy. CONCLUSION: @entity56457 augments tumoricidal activity of @entity1311 and @entity136 without major side effects. These results highlight the potential utility of the sigma-2 ligand as an adjuvant treatment in @entity788 .

title: Sigma-2 receptor ligands potentiate conventional chemotherapies and improve survival in models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The minimally invasive surgery has gained rapidly important role in the treatment of @entity354 . However, the best method to treat large paraesophageal hernias (type III and IV) is still under discussion. The use of prosthetics for enhancing the crural repair has been proposed by several authors in order to reduce the high relapse rates found in these @entity1 . AIM: To demonstrate the technique and surgical results in using an idealized @entity7502 mesh for the strengthening of the cruroraphy in large @entity357 . METHODS: Was applied the @entity7502 mesh to reinforce the hiatal closure in large hernias--types II to IV in Hill's classification--with a primary or recurrent @entity154 greater than 5 cm, in a series of 70 @entity1 . The prosthesis was done cutting a @entity7502 mesh in a U-shape, adapted to the dimensions found in the intraoperative field and coating the inner edge (which will have direct contact with the esophagus) with a @entity6619 catheter. This was achieved by removing a small longitudinal segment of the catheter and then inserting the edge of the cut mesh, fixing with running nylon 5-0 suture. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2012, this technique was used in 70 @entity1 . There were 52 females and 18 males, aged 32-83 years (mean 63 years). In 48 (68.6%) @entity1 , @entity357 was primary and in 22 (31.4%), it was relapse after antireflux surgery. The only case of @entity204 in this series (1.4%) occurred on 22nd postoperative day in one @entity1 (74 y) that had a laceration of the sutures on the fundoplication, causing @entity292 and @entity204 . There was no relationship with the use of the prosthesis. A follow-up of six months or more was achieved in 60 @entity1 (85.7%), ranging from six to 146 months (mean 49 months). All @entity1 have at least one follow-up endoscopy or esophageal contrast examination, and a clinical interview. In this follow-up period, no cases of complications related to the prosthesis ( @entity850 or @entity2681 ) were observed. CONCLUSION: The use of this model of @entity7502 mesh is safe if the technical aspects of its placement are followed carefully.

title: The @entity7502 mesh in the laparoscopic repair of large XXXX : technical aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal defect']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['paraesophageal hernia', 'hiatal hernias']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['gastropleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['hiatal hernias']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate lymphocyte populations in non- @entity6 @entity1 with early clinical presentation of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Twenty-five consecutive middle-aged (<55 years) out- @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity583 in the previous 3 months) and stable clinical conditions (>1 month) underwent venous blood sampling in order to determinate CD3+ (T-lymphocytes), @entity1075 + (B-lymphocytes), @entity404 + (helper/inducer lymphocytes) and @entity405 + (suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes) populations. @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity712 , recent revascularization (<30 days) were excluded. Twenty-five @entity1 matched for age, gender and risk factors were enrolled as controls. All @entity1 with @entity301 previously underwent coronary angiography. @entity301 @entity1 showed lower CD3+ levels (70.96    4.72 vs. 74.12    4.93 %, p < 0.05) and @entity405 + (37.80    7.15 vs. 46.36    5.22 %, p < 0.001) but higher @entity404 + (37.32    7.99 vs. 31.64    4.72 %, p < 0.01) and @entity404 +/ @entity405 + ratio (1.06    0.43 vs. 0.69    0.13, p < 0.001). Difference in @entity1075 + levels was not statistically significant. Subjects with an impaired ( <=55 %) left ventricular ejection fraction were characterized by lower levels of @entity405 + (33.23    7.04 vs. 43.76    7.40 %, p < 0.05) and higher levels of @entity404 + (38.31    8.23 vs. 32.73    6.08 %, p < 0.05) and @entity404 +/ @entity405 + ratio (1.06    0.38 vs. 0.79    0.34, p < 0.05). @entity405 + levels inversely related to severity of @entity453 (r = -0.37, p < 0.01). In conclusion, subjects with early clinical presentation of @entity301 are characterized by an altered @entity404 +/ @entity405 + ratio and lower CD3+ levels.

title: Lymphocyte subset characterization in @entity1 with early clinical presentation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity2812 (LTG) is an anticonvulsant drug whose mechanism of action may involve the inhibition of @entity2227 release by blocking voltage-dependent @entity1372 channels. @entity2227 @entity2359 may contribute to cerebral @entity2806 after recovery from @entity1167 . Thus, LTG may prevent the @entity75 associated with global @entity2806 by reducing the release of @entity2227 from presynaptic vesicles during the ischemic insult or the early recovery period. METHODS: LTG was studied in @entity1167 -induced global @entity2806 with reperfusion in @entity35 . In the first set of experiments, LTG (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered before induction of @entity63 ; and in the second experiment, LTG (10 mg/kg, i.v.) was given 15 minutes after @entity63 and a second dose (10 mg/kg,i.v.) was given 5 hours later. RESULTS: In both experiments LTG reduced the damage to the hippocampal @entity1399 cell population by greater than 50%. Neuroprotection was not associated with changes in brain temperature or plasma @entity413 concentration. Plasma concentrations of LTG ranged between 8 and 13 micrograms/mL. @entity1 taking LTG as a monotherapy for @entity302 typically have plasma levels of LTG in the 10 to 15 micrograms/mL range. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that LTG may be effective in preventing @entity75 after recovery from @entity1167 . @entity1 on LTG monotherapy for @entity302 have plasma concentrations very similar to those found to be neuroprotective in this study. Although difficult to extrapolate, our data suggest that LTG at neuroprotective doses may be well tolerated by @entity1 .

title: @entity2812 protects hippocampal @entity1399 neurons from @entity2806 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: CONTEXT: Although widely used for more than 85 years, the efficacy of radiotherapy for @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) has not been established convincingly. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy for @entity6875 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, internally controlled, double-blind clinical trial in a tertiary care academic medical center. @entity1 : The @entity1 were ethnically diverse males and females over age 30 seen in a referral practice. The @entity1 had moderate, symptomatic @entity6875 (mean clinical activity score, 6.2) but no @entity1781 , @entity6 , recent @entity134 treatment, previous decompression, or muscle surgery. Forty-two of 53 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled after giving informed consent and fulfilling study entry criteria. Eleven eligible @entity1 declined to participate because of inconvenience, desire for alternative therapy, or concern about radiation. INTERVENTION: One randomly selected orbit was treated with 20 Gy of external beam therapy; sham therapy was given to the other side. Six months later, the therapies were reversed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Every 3 months for 1 year, we measured the volume of extraocular muscle and fat, proptosis, range of extraocular muscle motion, area of @entity892 fields, and lid fissure width. Effective treatment for @entity6875 will modify one or more of these parameters. RESULTS: No clinically or statistically significant difference between the treated and untreated orbit was observed in any of the main outcome measures at 6 months. At 12 months, muscle volume and proptosis improved slightly more in the orbit that was treated first. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of @entity1 , representative of those for whom radiotherapy is frequently recommended, we were unable to demonstrate any beneficial therapeutic effect. The slight improvement noted in both orbits at 12 months may be the result of natural remission or of radiotherapy, but the changes are of marginal clinical significance.

title: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of orbital radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Graves' ophthalmopathy']