abstract: BACKGROUND: The mouth provides an environment that allows the colonization and growth of a wide variety of microorganisms, especially bacteria. One of the most effective ways to reduce oral microorganisms is using mouthwashes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of @entity1216 mouthwashes (manufacture by Livar, Behsa, Boht) on common oral microorganisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, isolated @entity3370 , including @entity6586 , @entity885 , @entity20842 and Lactobacillus casei, were prepared for an antimicrobial mouth rinse test. The tube dilution method was used for determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). RESULTS: The MICs for Kin gingival, Behsa and Boht mouthwashes were 0.14, 0.48 and 1000 micrograms/mL using the tube method for @entity6586 , respectively. The MBCs for the mentioned mouthwashes were 0.23, 1.9 and 2000 micrograms/mL for @entity6586 , respectively. The MICs for Kin gingival, Behsa and Boht mouthwashes were 0.073, 0.48 and 250 micrograms/mL using the tube method for @entity885 , respectively. The MBCs for the mentioned mouthwashes were 0.14, 1.9 and 1000 micrograms/mL for @entity885 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Kin Gingival @entity1216 mouthwash has a greater effect than Behsa and Boht mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and is recommended to be used for plaque chemical inhibition.

title: Comparison of the Antibacterial Properties of Three Mouthwashes Containing XXXX Against Oral Microbial Plaques: An in vitro Study.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['colonies of four bacteria']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['Chlorhexidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the development of graft @entity850 in the first year after bypass. DESIGN AND SETTING: Between January 1992 and April 1993, 75 consecutive @entity1 undergoing distal vein bypass surgery were entered into a graft surveillance programme at Charing Cross Hospital. The grafts (n = 79) were surveyed by colour flow Doppler ultrasonography at 7 days, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and the site of @entity850 (> 50%) recorded. Position of the distal anastomosis, graft type (in situ or reverse) and clinical history were recorded. At the 3-month surveillance a blood sample was taken for the estimation of smoking markers, lipids and @entity2002 . RESULTS: The site of the distal anastomosis was to the suprageniculate popliteal in nine, infrageniculate popliteal in 32 and tibio/peroneal vessels in 38 cases. In the first month following bypass there were six deaths, giving a 30 day mortality of 7.5%, three @entity1 were lost to follow up, seven grafts occluded, three were replaced by @entity736 , four @entity1 underwent amputation and one @entity1 had a redo vein graft. In the remaining grafts 20/63 (32%) developed @entity850 within the first year after bypass. The development of a graft stenosis was not associated with sex, @entity6 status, site of distal anastomosis, graft type or serum lipids. Multiple regression analysis identified only one factor associated significantly with the development of vein graft stenosis: @entity2002 concentration (p = 0.003). Life table analysis showed that after 1 year only 46% of grafts remained free of @entity850 in @entity1 with above median @entity2002 concentrations compared with 84% of grafts in @entity1 with below median @entity2002 concentrations, p = 0.009. CONCLUSIONS: Increased plasma @entity2002 concentration is a potent risk factor for the development of vein graft stenosis. These results prompt consideration of the role of @entity2002 in stimulating smooth muscle cell proliferation in the stenotic lesion.

title: The influence of @entity2002 concentration on the development of vein graft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenoses']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenoses']


abstract: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) has been established as a reliable noninvasive measurement of endothelial function. The reproducibility of @entity384 under resting conditions has previously been reported; however, the reproducibility of @entity384 in response to exercise remains to be investigated. On two separate days, we determined if flow-mediated dilation is reproducible in response to acute exercise in nine overweight @entity1 . Following pre-exercise @entity384 measurements, subjects were asked to walk on a treadmill for 45 min at 50% of their VO(2)peak. Subsequently, @entity384 was measured immediately, and every hour for 3 h thereafter. Reproducibility of @entity384 following exercise was assessed utilizing: (1) a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), (2) Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), (3) Pearson correlations (r), and (4) coefficient of variation (CV %) and coefficient of variation prime (CV') for @entity384 at each time-period. Four acceptable reproducibility assessments were required to confirm @entity384 reproducibility in response to acute exercise. No differences (F(1,8) = .01; p = 0.942) in @entity384 were observed between trials collapsing for time. All the ICC( @entity384 ) fell within the reproducible criterion set and are as follows: pre-exercise 0.602, immediately post 0.840, 1 h post 0.632, 2 h post 0.724 and 3 h post 0.631. The correlation and the average CV% for @entity384 between trials was 0.579% and 25.2%, respectively. The @entity384 response to an acute bout of moderate treadmill exercise appears to be as reproducible as @entity384 measured during resting conditions. The findings of the present study support the use of @entity384 as an outcome variable in response to acute exercise.

title: Reproducibility of the flow-mediated dilation response to acute exercise in overweight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'Flow-mediated dilation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: We have identified receptor protein @entity669 kinases (PTKs) that are expressed and/or activated during kidney development. mRNA from fetal @entity35 kidneys in late gestation (embryonic day 21), was used to prepare a cDNA template for polymerase chain reaction amplification with primers based on conserved regions of PTKs, and products were subcloned and sequenced. Among 346 clones, we identified @entity10816 ( @entity10816 ), @entity26081 , platelet-derived growth factor receptor ( @entity11065 , @entity13963 , @entity12186 , @entity18449 , fibroblast growth factor receptor ( @entity10702 , @entity10704 , @entity10705 , Met, and @entity59466 /Nbtk-1. PTK expression was studied by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting of kidney membrane proteins with specific antibodies. @entity10816 , @entity11065 , @entity10702 , @entity10704 , Met, and in some cases @entity26081 protein expression was greater in fetal kidneys, as compared with kidneys from 12-week-old adult @entity35 (controls). @entity12186 , @entity13963 , and @entity10705 proteins were expressed comparably, however, @entity18449 was not detected. As a reflection of receptor PTK activity, we assessed endogenous @entity669 phosphorylation, and in vitro autophosphorylation. @entity10816 and @entity11065 displayed activity in fetal, but not adult kidneys. @entity10704 and @entity12186 were active in some fetal kidneys, and the other PTKs were not active. Thus, in late gestational @entity35 kidney, there are distinct patterns of receptor PTK expression and activity. @entity10816 , @entity11065 , @entity10704 and @entity12186 are among the PTKs that are activated, and they may mediate perinatal development of renal epithelial, interstitial, or vascular structures.

title: Receptor protein XXXX kinases in perinatal developing @entity35 kidney.

entities_list: @entity10816 :: ('24329(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF-R', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate whether the effectiveness of Granulo-monocyto apheresis (GMA), a technique that consists of the extracorporeal removal of granulocytes and monocytes from the peripheral blood, might vary according to the severity of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) in @entity1 with mild to moderate-severe disease @entity31 activity. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data of @entity1 undergoing GMA at our @entity29 centre who had at least a 6 mo of follow-up. The demographics, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from the @entity1 ' charts and electronic records. The severity of @entity31 was scored according to the Modified Truelove Witts Severity Index (MTWSI). A clinical response was defined as a decrease from baseline of >=  2 points or a value of MTWSI  <= 2 points. RESULTS: A total of 41 (24 males/17 females; mean age 47 years) @entity1 were included in the study. After GMA cycle completion, 21/28 (75%) of mild @entity31 @entity1 showed a clinical response compared with 7/13 (54%) of @entity1 with moderate to severe disease (P = 0.27). At 6-mo, 14/28 (50%) of the mild @entity31 @entity1 maintained a clinical response compared with 2/13 (15%) of the @entity1 with moderate to severe disease (P = 0.04). After the GMA cycle completion and during the 6-mo follow up period, 13/16 (81%) and 9/16 (56%) of mild @entity31 @entity1 with intolerance, resistance and contraindications to immunosuppressants and/or biologics showed a clinical response compared with 2/6 (33%) and 0/6 (0%) of @entity1 with moderate to severe disease activity with these characteristics (P = 0.05 and P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with mild @entity31 benefit from GMA more than @entity1 with moderate to severe disease in the short-term period. GMA should be considered a valid therapeutic option in cases of contraindications to immunosuppressants, @entity288 and/or biologics.

title: Granulo-monocyto apheresis is more effective in mild XXXX than in moderate to severe disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity5 treatment has so far been restricted to cytotoxic and hormonal agents. These have been of limited value in their efficacy and their @entity137 profile. A new era of targeted therapies is rapidly evolving. A key target being actively pursued is the receptor @entity669 kinase. Several compounds that inhibit this target are in preclinical and clinical development. These compounds broadly fall into two categories: monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. The common targets are @entity470 , Bcr-Abl @entity669 kinase, @entity7 , fibroblast growth factor receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor. Two of these compounds, trastuzumab and @entity2213 , have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in specific indications. Other uses are being tested, such as @entity2213 for @entity674 . These compounds will alter cancer care as adjuncts to currently available treatment options.

title: XXXX kinase inhibitors: a clinical perspective.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['Tyrosine']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity0 , treatment with @entity1311 and @entity632 has been shown to produce impressive overall response rates (up to 94%) and to prolong overall survival significantly over a combination of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), @entity632 , and @entity786 (Cytoxan, Neosar) in one prospective phase III clinical study. These results have been challenged, however, by other data demonstrating no survival advantage for @entity3907 -based therapies. In addition, the combination of @entity1311 and @entity632 has repeatedly been shown to be complicated by the development of treatment-related @entity712 , when cumulative @entity632 doses exceed 300-360 mg/m2. Consequently, attempts have been made to increase the complete remission rate and overall survival resulting from first-line treatment of metastatic @entity0 without compromising @entity1 safety. @entity136 (Gemzar)--a relatively effective, well-tolerated and partially non-cross-resistant antitumor compound with limited @entity137 --represents an attractive alternative to @entity1311 / @entity4349 combinations. Initial studies of combination therapy with @entity136 and @entity1311 have produced an average response rate of 52%, with time to progression ranging between 7.0 and 14.5 months. Three-drug regimens containing @entity136 , an @entity4349 , and @entity1311 have been tested in phase II studies and have produced impressive response rates of 82.9% with @entity136 , @entity632 , and @entity1311 and 92% with @entity136 , @entity1259 (Ellence), and @entity1311 (GET). The Central European Cooperative Oncology Group has evaluated the GET regimen vs a regimen containing @entity1487 , @entity1259 , and @entity786 (FEC) in a randomized, prospective phase III study. Interim @entity137 analysis showed that the GET regimen was well tolerated but produced more grade 4 @entity1398 (64% vs 42%, P = .084) and significantly more grade 4 @entity882 (12% vs 0%; P < .001) than FEC. Anaphylactic/allergic reactions, peripheral @entity305 , @entity390 , and @entity1370 constituted rare events and did not exceed grade 1 or 2 in severity. Although final data from this phase III trial are not yet available, preliminary analysis suggests the GET regimen represents an attractive option for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: @entity136 , XXXX , and @entity3907 combinations for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil', '5-FU']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is an event which may be rapidly fatal without early diagnosis and treatment. Aging is one of the main risk factors that could leading to @entity697 . To date, no specific biomarkers are available to increase the speed of diagnosis. @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ), @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -9 and metallopeptidase tissue inhibitor 1 ( @entity2843 ) are biologically related molecules which integrate @entity32 , tissue injury and remodeling, all events associated to @entity697 . Our is a pilot study to evaluate whether circulating levels of these molecules may be used as potential biomarkers in timely diagnosis of @entity697 . RESULTS: Within 24  h of symptom onset, circulating @entity11603 , @entity3335 , @entity3334 and @entity2843 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 22 @entity1 (40-86  years of age) with @entity697 of ascending aorta (type A according to Stanford classification) and 11 @entity1 with @entity697 of descending aorta (type B). 30 healthy individuals age matched were used as control group compared to controls, both type A and B @entity697 @entity1 had higher @entity11603 (p   <   0.001) and @entity3335 (p   <   0.01) levels. @entity3334 was higher in the overall @entity697 group (p   <   0.01). After Stanford classification, type A group had increased level compared to both control and type B (p   <   0.01 and p   <   0.05, respectively). @entity2843 was higher in both A and B groups compared to controls (p   <   0.001). No differences were observed in @entity1476 and @entity1495 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous evaluation of @entity11603 , @entity3335 and @entity3334 and @entity2843 , which may contribute to structural changes in aortic tissue in @entity697 @entity1 , seems to be a novel promising diagnostic panel.

title: Acute phase of aortic dissection: a pilot study on @entity11603 , XXXX , and @entity3334 and @entity2843 circulating levels in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute aortic dissection', 'AAD']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

answer: @entity3335 :: (4353,Gene) :: ['MPO']


abstract: The association between breastfeeding and wheezing, lung function and atopy was evaluated in the International Study of Asthma and @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II. Cross-sectional studies were performed in 27 centres in 20 countries. Information on disease and exposure factors was collected by parental questionnaires. Data from 54,000 randomly selected school @entity1 (aged 8-12 yrs, 31,759 with skin prick testing) and a stratified subsample (n = 4,888) were used for testing the correlation of breastfeeding with @entity6587 and lung function. Random effect models for meta-analysis were applied to calculate combined odds ratios (ORs). Any breastfeeding was associated with less wheeze both in affluent (adjusted OR (OR(adj)) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-0.97) and nonaffluent countries (OR(adj) 0.80, 95% CI 0.68-0.94). Further analyses revealed that this was true only for nonatopic wheeze in nonaffluent countries (OR(adj) 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.90). Breastfeeding was not associated with @entity1097 wheeze and objective measures of @entity566 in both affluent and nonaffluent countries. In contrast, breastfeeding was associated with higher predicted forced expiratory volume in one second in affluent countries only (mean ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.20). Breastfeeding is associated with protection against nonatopic wheeze, which becomes particularly evident in nonaffluent countries. Overall, breastfeeding was not related to any measure of @entity566 . These findings may explain some of the controversy regarding breastfeeding, since the direction of the association with breastfeeding depends on the predominating wheeze phenotype (e.g. @entity1097 , nonatopic).

title: Effect of breastfeeding on asthma, lung function and XXXX in ISAAC Phase II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity6587 :: (MESH:D016535,Disease) :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elderly adults (65  years of age and older) are of particular concern for @entity130 amputations due to age-related changes in vision and coordination, making them more susceptible to injury. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of @entity130 amputations in the elderly adults treated in United States @entity341 ( @entity341 ). DESIGN: A retrospective analysis using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 2010 to 2013. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 65  years and older treated in U.S. hospital EDs for @entity130 amputations from 2010 to 2013. RESULTS: There were 15,611 elderly @entity1 treated for amputations from 2010 to 2013, averaging 3,902 amputations per year in the United States. The frequency of amputations declined with increasing age. The mean age was 74  years old. Males represented 84% of the cohort. The majority of the injuries that were recorded took place at home (71%). The most common associated consumer products were saws, lawnmowers, and doors. Saws accounted for approximately 45% of amputations. In females, doors were the most common consumer product associated with amputations. Approximately 45% of amputations were complete amputations. The most common digit to be amputated was the thumb (24%). Approximately 72% of the cases in the cohort were treated and released from the @entity341 . CONCLUSION: @entity130 amputations in elderly adults were frequently due to saws and lawnmowers. An increase in injury prevention efforts in this @entity1 population is warranted.

title: Characteristics of United States Emergency Department Visits for XXXX Amputations in the Elderly Adult from 2010 to 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'People']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency departments']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic', 'traumatic']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Traumatic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnant @entity1 with mild gestational @entity4854 present high risk for @entity101 , @entity28 and @entity4854 , and appeared to reproduce the model of @entity209 in pregnancy, with @entity3190 and insulin resistance. Our clinical studies showed that mild gestational @entity4854 or gestational @entity6 are related to similar adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. @entity4854 and other factors associated with @entity6 generate reactive @entity26 species that increase DNA damage levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes of pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 or mild gestational @entity4854 . METHODS: The study included 111 pregnant @entity1 distributed into three groups based on oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) and glycemic profiles (GP), as follows: Normal OGTT and GP (control group); Normal OGTT and abnormal GP (mild gestational @entity4854 group); Abnormal OGTT and GP ( @entity6 group). Maternal blood samples (5-10  mL) were collected and processed for determination of oxidative DNA damage by the comet assay, using Fpg and Endo III enzymes. Urine samples were also collected for determination of @entity20821 concentrations by ELISA. RESULTS: Subjects in the @entity6 group presented increased amount of oxidized @entity3042 , while mild gestational @entity4854 @entity1 presented with increased oxidized @entity6245 , compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Gestational, overt @entity6 and mild gestational @entity4854 , were all related to increased oxidative DNA damage. @entity6 pregnant @entity1 showed increased level of oxidative DNA damage, perhaps mainly due to @entity4854 . On the other hand, oxidative DNA damage detected in @entity1 with mild gestational @entity4854 might be associated with repercussions from @entity28 , @entity101 and/or insulin resistance. Interestingly, the type of DNA base affected seemed to be dependent on the glycemic profile or oxidative stress.

title: Oxidative DNA damage in XXXX and mild gestational hyperglycemic pregnant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity6245 :: ('MESH:D011743', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidines']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4785 is an infrequent injury that is often accompanied by @entity531 with a potentially devastating outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome following @entity4785 . METHODS: During a twenty-four-year period, we treated twenty-five @entity1 with a @entity4785 . The average age was 32.5 years. The average Injury Severity Score was 22 points. Nine @entity1 had a complete @entity5300 , and ten had an incomplete @entity5300 . Three @entity1 died from their associated injuries, and six @entity1 required an above-the-elbow amputation. The outcome was assessed with use of the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey, and the shoulder function of the @entity1 who had not had an amputation was evaluated with use of the Subjective Shoulder Rating System. The degree of initial scapular lateralization was quantified with the scapula index. RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was 12.6 years. The physical and mental component summary scores and the scores on the role-physical, general health, vitality, and mental health subscales of the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey were significantly lower for @entity1 with a complete @entity5300 (p < 0.05). The Subjective Shoulder Rating System score was also significantly lower in @entity1 with a complete @entity5300 (33.8 points compared with 72.5 points for the @entity1 with no or an incomplete @entity155 , p = 0.046). The average scapula index was 1.29 +/- 0.19. The scores on the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey scales and the Subjective Shoulder Rating System score did not correlate with the initial scapula index (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a complete @entity5300 is predictive of a poor functional outcome in a @entity1 with a @entity4785 . Therefore, we suggest a modification of the classification of the severity of this injury, with complete @entity5300 considered to be the most severe @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, Level II-1 (retrospective cohort study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Functional outcome following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['Scapulothoracic dissociation', 'scapulothoracic dissociation']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus avulsion']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury type']

answer: @entity4785 :: (MESH:D004213,Disease) :: ['scapulothoracic dissociation']


abstract: Hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SPW-Rs) occur during slow wave sleep and behavioral immobility and are thought to play an important role in memory formation. We investigated the cellular and network properties of SPW-Rs with simultaneous laminar multielectrode and intracellular recordings in a @entity35 hippocampal slice model, using physiological bathing medium. Spontaneous SPW-Rs were generated in the dentate gyrus (DG), @entity1251 , and @entity1249 regions. These events were characterized by a local field potential gradient (LFPg) transient, increased fast oscillatory activity and increased multiple unit activity (MUA). Two types of SPW-Rs were distinguished in the @entity1251 region based on their different LFPg and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) pattern. Type 1 (T1) displayed negative LFPg transient in the pyramidal cell layer, and the associated @entity2101 sink was confined to the proximal dendrites. Type 2 (T2) SPW-Rs were characterized by positive LFPg transient in the cell layer, and showed @entity2101 sinks involving both the apical and basal dendrites. In both types, consistent with the somatic @entity2101 source, only a small subset of @entity1251 pyramidal cells fired, most pyramidal cells were hyperpolarized, while most interneurons increased firing rate before the LFPg peak. Different neuronal populations, with different proportions of pyramidal cells and distinct subsets of interneurons were activated during T1 and T2 SPW-Rs. Activation of specific inhibitory cell subsets-with the possible leading role of perisomatic interneurons-seems to be crucial to synchronize distinct ensembles of @entity1251 pyramidal cells finally resulting in the expression of different SPW-R activities. This suggests that the hippocampus can generate dynamic changes in its activity stemming from the same excitatory and inhibitory circuits, and so, might provide the cellular and network basis for an input-specific and activity-dependent information transmission.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The hippocampal XXXX region can generate two distinct types of sharp wave-ripple complexes, in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['CSD', 'current source density']

answer: @entity1251 :: (54232(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA3']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity683 vaccination in @entity1 who present to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) who meet current guidelines for its use. To evaluate the feasibility of an @entity341 -based program to provide @entity683 vaccine to at-risk @entity1 . METHODS: A survey of @entity341 @entity1 and their family physicians, using a convenience sample. @entity1 AND SETTING: Consecutive @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 of Prince George Regional Hospital, Prince George, BC, a regional hospital in Northern British Columbia, during designated shifts between Nov. 6, 1997, and Dec. 10, 1997. OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, gender, family physician (FP), eligibility for @entity683 vaccine, vaccination status, willingness to receive vaccine in the @entity341 , and FP methods for ensuring use of @entity683 vaccine. RESULTS: 935 @entity1 were interviewed; 816 met study eligibility criteria. Of 214 @entity1 eligible for @entity683 vaccine, 113 (52.8%) had not been vaccinated. Fifty-three (46.9%) agreed to vaccination, and 49 were vaccinated in the @entity341 . A survey of the @entity1 ' FPs revealed that 85% used callback lists, but that only 49% of vaccine-eligible @entity1 identified in the study were on a callback list. Positive associations were found between the presence of an FP and the likelihood of having been vaccinated (odds ratio [OR] = 8.8), being on a callback list and having been vaccinated (OR = 4.1), and age >64 and being on a callback list (OR = 2.1). CONCLUSIONS: Up to 50% of @entity1 eligible for @entity683 vaccine are not adequately immunized. Administering @entity683 vaccine in the @entity341 is acceptable to @entity1 and should reduce @entity683 rates in at-risk populations. There is a role for administering @entity683 vaccine in the @entity341 .

title: Administering @entity683 vaccine in a Canadian XXXX : is there a role?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Between @entity30183 , 1987 and Sept. 8, 1989, intra-arterial @entity460 infusions were used to treat 28 @entity1 (38 extremities) suffering @entity14039 (HF) exposures that failed to respond to topical treatments. Although 18 of the @entity130 occurred at work, only 1 @entity1 was using HF in a concentration greater than 12%. Many of these products were available over the counter. Most @entity1 did not wear protective equipment and had no concept of the danger of injury from the product. @entity1109 ( @entity158 , erythema and @entity4 ) was delayed from 1 to 6 h after exposure. Arterial catheters were placed and the @entity1 was begun on a protocol using 10 ml of 10% @entity12374 diluted with 40 ml normal saline and infused over a 4-h period. Each @entity1 was allowed a 4-8 h rest period before assessing the need for additional infusions. Blood @entity460 , @entity1760 , @entity3151 , PT, and PTT were monitored. Infusions were repeated until there was no tenderness. Using tenderness as an end-point increased the number of infusions compared to previous reports. The mean number of infusions was 4.1 (range, 1-10). Success (complete healing) was 100%. There was a significant rise in serum @entity460 , but not to dangerous levels (range 9.3-12.8). There was also a significant fall in @entity1760 , which reached levels requiring @entity1760 intravenously. There were no significant changes in @entity3151 , PT, and PTT.

title: Intra-arterial @entity460 infusion for XXXX burns.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Onset of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity14039 :: ('MESH:D006858', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrofluoric acid']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity14039 :: (MESH:D006858,Chemical) :: ['hydrofluoric acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite Food and Drug Administration approval of tissue-type plasminogen activator for @entity64 , obstacles in the US healthcare system prevent its widespread use. The Remote Evaluation for Acute @entity385 (REACH) program was developed to address these issues in rural settings. A key component of @entity64 assessment in the REACH system is the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) evaluation. We sought to determine whether, using the REACH system, NIHSS values of bedside and remote evaluators would correspond. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 were recruited. On obtaining consent, a neurologist performed a bedside NIHSS evaluation on each @entity1 . Within 1 hour, using any broadband-connected workstation-either office or home personal computer and a landline phone to speak with the @entity1 -a second neurologist remotely evaluated the @entity1 through the REACH system. Paired t tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine NIHSS reliability performed bedside and remotely. RESULTS: NIHSS ranged from 1 to 24. Correlations between bedside and remote locations (r=0.9552, P=0.0001) were very strong, and t tests indicate that the means were not different. CONCLUSIONS: The NIHSS can be reliably performed over the REACH system. This supports our endeavor to bring @entity64 expertise to rural community hospitals.

title: Remote evaluation of acute XXXX : reliability of National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale via telestroke.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic Stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11769 serotype 2 ( @entity11769 2, @entity26928 ) is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes only sporadic cases of @entity693 and @entity295 in @entity1 . Most if not all cases of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) that have been well-documented to date were associated with the non- @entity26928 group A @entity11769 (GAS). However, a recent large-scale outbreak of @entity26928 in Sichuan Province, China, appeared to be caused by more invasive deep-tissue infection with @entity137 , characterized by acute high fever, @entity455 , @entity551 , shock, and @entity881 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: We investigated this outbreak of @entity26928 infections in both @entity1 and @entity1707 , which took place from July to August, 2005, through clinical observation and laboratory experiments. Clinical and pathological characterization of the @entity1 @entity1 revealed the hallmarks of typical @entity137 , which to date had only been associated with @entity281 . Retrospectively, we found that this outbreak was very similar to an earlier outbreak in Jiangsu Province, China, in 1998. We isolated and analyzed 37 bacterial strains from @entity1 specimens and eight from @entity1707 specimens of the recent outbreak, as well as three @entity1 isolates and two @entity1707 isolates from the 1998 outbreak we had kept in our laboratory. The bacterial isolates were examined using light microscopy observation, @entity1707 infection experiments, multiplex-PCR assay, as well as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and multiple sequence alignment analyses. Multiple lines of evidence confirmed that highly virulent strains of @entity26928 were the causative agents of both outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS: We report, to our knowledge for the first time, two outbreaks of @entity137 caused by @entity26928 , a non-GAS @entity11769 . The 2005 outbreak was associated with 38 @entity204 out of 204 documented @entity1 cases; the 1998 outbreak with 14 @entity204 out of 25 reported @entity1 cases. Most of the fatal cases were characterized by @entity137 ; some of them by @entity693 or severe @entity295 . The molecular mechanisms underlying these @entity1 @entity137 outbreaks in @entity1 beings remain unclear and an objective for further study.

title: XXXX caused by @entity11769 serotype 2.

entities_list: @entity11769 :: ('1307', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus suis', 'streptococcus', 'S. suis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'septicemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome', 'STSS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular collapse']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['GAS infection']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Differentiating @entity1 with functional @entity29 from those with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) can be difficult. Rectal luminal levels of @entity842 (NO) are greatly increased in @entity29 . To further evaluate this disease marker, we compared NO in @entity1 with @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) with those found in @entity1 with active @entity29 and in healthy control subjects. METHODS: Rectal NO was measured with chemiluminescence technique by using a tonometric balloon method in 28 healthy volunteers, 39 @entity1 with @entity1744 , 86 with @entity29 ( @entity30 and @entity31 ), and 12 @entity1 with @entity4143 . In addition, NO was measured before and after a 4-week treatment period in @entity1 with active @entity31 and repeatedly during 2 weeks in healthy volunteers. RESULTS: NO was low in healthy control subjects (median, 45; 25th-75th percentile, 34-64 parts per billion [ppb]), and variations over time were small. In @entity1744 @entity1 NO was slightly increased (150, 53-200 ppb; P < .001), whereas @entity1 with active @entity29 or @entity4143 had greatly increased NO levels (3475, 575-8850 ppb, and 9950, 4475-19,750 ppb, respectively; P < .001). With a cutoff level of 250 ppb, NO had a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 91% in discriminating between active bowel @entity32 and @entity1744 . Rectal NO correlated with disease activity in @entity29 and @entity4143 and decreased markedly in @entity29 @entity1 responding to anti-inflammatory treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Rectal NO is a minimally invasive and rapid tool for discriminating between active bowel @entity32 and @entity1744 and a possibly useful add-on for monitoring @entity1 with @entity29 .

title: Rectal mucosal @entity842 in differentiation of XXXX and @entity1744 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disorders', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: The study was undertaken to examine the myoplegic, hemodynamic, and @entity112 -releasing effects of the new aminosteroidal myorelaxant @entity2898 ( @entity2898 , Organon firm) used to maintain anesthesia in cardiac surgical @entity1 by orienting to early tracheal extubation. Twenty two @entity1 aged 50 +/- 3 years operated on under extracorporeal circulation were examined. At the initial stage of maintenance, the agent in a dose of 0.6 mg/kg failed to affect cardiac pump function and to elevate plasma @entity112 levels. A moderate vagolytic effect was shown in 45% of cases. The incidence of myoplegia reduced in @entity1 with significant circulatory insufficiency. In the preperfusion period, @entity2898 in a dose of 10.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/kg/min blocked neuromuscular conduction (NMC) at a level of 5.1 +/- 1.8 to 19.2 +/- 3.5%. During hypothermic extracorporeal circulation and postperfusion period, the dosage of the myorelaxant substantially decreased. After termination of @entity2898 infusion, the time of up to 95%-recovery of NMC was 63 +/- 6 min. Early tracheal extubation was conducted in 68% of the @entity1 69 +/- 7.6 min after the end of the operation. Residual myoplegia was absent. The predictable recovery of NMC following the use of @entity2898 creates conditions for early activation of @entity1 operated on under extracorporeal circulation.

title: [ @entity2898 ( XXXX ) in anesthesia during surgery under extracorporeal circulation].

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['esmerone', 'Rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['esmerone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose was to determine the direction of @entity347 ( @entity347 ) transport across the ciliary body and the transport proteins that may contribute. Transport of several @entity29624 across the @entity291 ciliary body was examined using ciliary body sections mounted in Ussing chambers and a perfused eye preparation. Microarray, RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine @entity347 transporter expression in @entity1 ocular tissues. Microarray analysis showed that many @entity347 transporters common to other barrier epithelia are expressed in ocular tissues. mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (immunoblotting) for @entity30258 , @entity30259 , @entity59875 and @entity36620 were detected in extracts of @entity1 ciliary body from several donors. @entity30258 and @entity30259 localized to basolateral membranes of non-pigmented epithelial cells and @entity36620 to basolateral membranes of pigmented cells in @entity1 eye. @entity5016 ( @entity2556 ) and @entity19517 transport across the @entity291 ciliary body in Ussing chambers was greater in the @entity7462 -to-blood direction than in the blood-to- @entity7462 direction, and active. There was little net directional movement of @entity7076 . @entity20660 (0.1 mM) or @entity8801 (0.1 mM) added to the @entity7462 side of the tissue, or @entity7359 (0.1 mM) added to the blood side significantly reduced net active @entity2556 transport. The rate of @entity12311 elimination from @entity7462 of the perfused eye was reduced 80% when @entity8801 (0.1 mM) was present in the @entity7462 . These data indicate that the ciliary body expresses a variety of @entity347 transporters, including those common to the kidney. They are likely involved in clearing potentially harmful endobiotic and xenobiotic @entity29624 from the eye.

title: A Renal-Like Organic Anion Transport System in the Ciliary Epithelium of the XXXX and @entity1 Eye.

entities_list: @entity19517 :: ('MESH:C017296', 'Chemical') :: ['estrone-3-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity12311 :: ('MESH:C024098', 'Chemical') :: ['6-carboxyfluorescein']

entities_list: @entity20660 :: ('MESH:D011339', 'Chemical') :: ['Probenecid']

entities_list: @entity8801 :: ('MESH:D009675', 'Chemical') :: ['novobiocin']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity5016 :: ('CHEBI:64703', 'Chemical') :: ['Para-aminohippurate']

entities_list: @entity7076 :: ('MESH:C059262', 'Chemical') :: ['cidofovir']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'organic anion']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the outcomes of surgery for the treatment of small @entity5513 by the neuroendoscope-assisted microsurgery and microscope. METHODS: From 2008 to 2013, 42 @entity1 with small @entity5513 underwent neuroendoscope-assisted microsurgery (n = 20) and microscopic tumoural resection (n = 22). Neurophysiological monitoring, 30-degree rigid neuroendoscope and microscope were employed intra-operatively. For the endoscope group, facial nerve and inner acoustic meatus could be visualized distinctly in each aspect, as for the microscope group, microscopic operation could be accomplished directly. The damage extents of facial nerve and inner acoustic meatus were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Total removal of @entity5513 and conservation of facial nerve were achieved in all @entity1 . For the neuroendoscope-assisted group, the postoperative facial functions were Grade I (n = 6), Grade II (n = 10) and Grade III (n = 4). Internal acoustic canal was drilled 2-3 mm in 4 @entity1 and no drilling in others. For the microscope group, Grade I (n = 5), Grade II (n = 6), Grade III (n = 8) and Grade III-IV (n = 3). Internal acoustic canal was drilled at least 3 mm in 12 @entity1 and no drilling in others. No complication such as @entity5173 occurred during the follow-ups. CONCLUSION: Endosocopic operation of @entity5513 surgery is superior to microscopic operation in terms of magnification, illumination, wide-angel and angulation. And the former procedure may yield better outcomes through alleviating the @entity16 and decreasing the drilling degree of inner acoustic meatus.

title: [Comparative analysis of neuroendoscope-assisted microsurgery and microscope treatment for small XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage of facial nerve']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: @entity438 are rare and challenging to treat. Achieving efficacy and durability of @entity439 while maintaining parent vessel patency requires innovative treatment strategies, especially in cases in which aneurysmal location or morphology pose substantial morbidity associated with microsurgical treatment. In the last 3 decades, endovascular treatments have had a remarkable evolution and are currently considered safe and effective therapeutic options for @entity438 . While endovascular techniques are well described in the English literature, the endovascular management of @entity439 continues to pose a challenge. In this report, the authors describe the case of a 9-month-old @entity1 who presented with a 1-day history of acute-onset left-sided @entity1269 and left facial droop. Imaging revealed a large symptomatic saccular @entity438 . Treatment included successful stent-assisted @entity439 coiling. At follow-up, the @entity1 continued to fare well and MR angiography confirmed complete occlusion of the @entity439 dome. This case features the youngest @entity1 in the English literature to harbor an @entity438 successfully treated with stent-assisted coiling. Based on this experience, endovascular intervention with vascular reconstruction can be safe and effective for the treatment of @entity1 and could further improve prognosis; however, further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

title: Stent-assisted coil embolization of a symptomatic @entity438 in an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysmal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'cerebral aneurysms', 'Pediatric intracranial aneurysms', 'middle cerebral artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: @entity4807 (QN) continues to be an important treatment option for severe @entity311 , however resistance to this drug has emerged in field isolates of the etiologic agent @entity3964 . Quantitative trait loci investigations of QN resistance have mapped three loci of this complex trait. Two coincide with pfcrt and pfmdr1, involved in resistance to @entity503 (CQ) and other @entity8774 -based antimalarials. A third locus on chromosome 13 contains the @entity1372 -proton exchanger (pfnhe) gene. Previous studies have associated pfnhe polymorphisms with reduced QN sensitivity in culture-adapted field isolates. Here, we provide direct evidence supporting the hypothesis that pfnhe contributes to QN resistance. Using allelic exchange, we reduced pfnhe expression by introducing a truncated 3' untranslated region (UTR) from pfcrt into the endogenous pfnhe 3'UTR. Transfections were performed with 1BB5 and 3BA6 (both CQ- and QN-resistant) as well as GC03 (CQ- and QN-sensitive), all progenies of the HB3xDd2 genetic cross. RNA and protein analyses of the ensuing recombinant clones demonstrated a approximately 50% decrease in pfnhe expression levels. A statistically significant 30% decrease in QN IC(50) values was associated with these decreased expression levels in 1BB5 and 3BA6 but not in GC03. CQ, @entity8775 and @entity15281 IC(50) values were unaltered. Cytosolic pH values were similar in all parental lines and recombinant clones. Our observations support a role for pfnhe in QN resistance in a strain-dependent manner, which might be contingent on pre-existing resistance to CQ and/or QN. These data bolster observations that QN resistance is a complex trait requiring the contribution of multiple transporter proteins.

title: Probing the multifactorial basis of @entity3964 @entity4807 resistance: evidence for a strain-specific contribution of the XXXX -proton exchanger PfNHE.

entities_list: @entity15281 :: ('MESH:C102070', 'Chemical') :: ['lumefantrine']

entities_list: @entity8774 :: ('MESH:C037219', 'Chemical') :: ['quinoline']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: In eukaryotic cells many cell surface proteins are attached to the membrane via the @entity4495 (GPI) moiety. In @entity375 , GPI also plays important roles in the production of mannoprotein in the cell wall. We previously isolated @entity57349 mutants and found that @entity57349 is required for @entity8580 acylation in the GPI biosynthetic pathway. In this study we isolated a new @entity57349 mutant allele, @entity57349 -10, that shows not only high temperature sensitivity but also low temperature sensitivity. The @entity57349 -10 cells show impaired acyltransferase activity and attachment of GPI to proteins even at the permissive temperature. We identified @entity53241 , which encodes a high affinity @entity2340 permease, as a multicopy suppressor of cold sensitivity in @entity57349 -10 cells. The @entity57349 -10 cells were also defective in the import of @entity2340 , and a lack of @entity2340 caused low temperature sensitivity. Microscopic observation revealed that @entity53241 is not transported to the plasma membrane but is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum in @entity57349 -10 cells grown under @entity2340 -poor conditions. We found that @entity53241 was not associated with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), which are required for the recruitment of @entity53241 to the plasma membrane. A similar result was obtained for @entity55037 , a @entity5537 permease localized in the DRMs of the plasma membrane. These results indicate that GPI-anchored proteins are required for the recruitment of membrane proteins @entity53241 and @entity55037 to the plasma membrane via DRMs, suggesting that some membrane proteins are redistributed in the cell in response to environmental and nutritional conditions due to an association with DRMs that is dependent on GPI-anchored proteins.

title: @entity4495 -anchored proteins are required for the transport of detergent-resistant microdomain-associated membrane proteins XXXX and @entity55037 .

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity53241 :: (854139(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Tat2p']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Because many @entity64 survivors have cognitive and @entity497 , self-reported information on a @entity1 's quality of life (QL) cannot always be obtained. Proxy ratings may be used to prevent exclusion of this highly relevant subgroup of @entity1 from QL studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the value and possible limitations of such proxy ratings. METHODS: The @entity1 sample was composed of 437 @entity1 who had suffered a @entity64 6 months earlier. QL was assessed by means of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). For 108 @entity1 who were not communicative because of @entity73 , proxy ratings on the SIP were provided by the @entity1 ' significant others. For 228 of the 329 communicative @entity1 , both self-reported and proxy SIP ratings were obtained. RESULTS: When mean SIP scores for @entity1 with both self-reported and proxy-derived data available were compared, the proxy mean scores were generally in close agreement with those of the @entity1 . However, systematic differences were noted for several SIP scales, with proxies rating @entity1 as having more @entity73 than the @entity1 themselves. Intraclass correlations were moderate to high for most SIP subscales (average intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .63), the physical (ICC = .85) and psychosocial dimensions (ICC = .61), and the total SIP score (ICC = .77). The proxy SIP scores were sensitive to differences in @entity1 ' functional health, which supports the validity of these ratings. For all @entity1 combined, more @entity73 were found for @entity1 with supratentorial cortical or subcortical @entity1188 and @entity548 than for @entity1 with @entity1188 and @entity64 . Although proxy respondents were more frequently needed for @entity1 with the first two types of @entity64 , we found no evidence of biased results as a consequence of an unbalanced use of proxy respondents across the different types of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the benefits of using proxy ratings for noncommunicative @entity1 outweigh their limitations. The findings stress the need for inclusion of this important subgroup of @entity1 in QL studies. Their significant others are able to provide useful information on these @entity1 ' QL.

title: Assessing quality of life after XXXX . The value and limitations of proxy ratings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['infratentorial strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['QL impairments', 'cognitive or linguistic deficits']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['communication disorders']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'lacunar infarctions']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The subject of the present paper is the simultaneous determination of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) and @entity3094 ( @entity1617 ) concentrations in the striatum of freely moving @entity35 using an in vivo microdialysis followed by head-space gas chromatography (GC). Major operation conditions of GC were as follows: column, injector and detector temperatures 90, 110 and 200 degrees C, respectively; Supelcowax wide bore capillary column (60 m length, 0.53 mm i.d., 2 microm film thickness); carrier gas, @entity1568 ; flow rate, 20 ml/min. The recovery of @entity167 and @entity1617 at a concentration 40 mM and 250 microM, respectively, by microdialysis showed a maximum of 83.8+/-12.2 and 51.2+/-6.5%, respectively, at a flow rate of 0.8 microl/min. A good linear calibration curve in the concentration range of 5-50 mM for @entity167 (r=0.998), and 10-250 microM for @entity1617 (r=0.988) was observed. Microdialysates were collected for 10 min each after insertion of probe into the striatum. @entity35 were treated with @entity58713 (100mg/kg, a potent @entity264 dehydrogenase inhibitor) and 60 min later with @entity167 (1g/kg) intraperitoneally. A 10 min sample was about 8 microl. This volume was mixed with 40 microl of 0.002% @entity23053 as an internal standard in 0.6N @entity9901 , and then analyzed by head-space GC method. The peak @entity167 and @entity1617 concentrations in the striatal dialysates reached maximum at 30 min, and then gradually decreased. This method represents a reasonable tool to quantify in vivo both @entity1617 and @entity167 levels simultaneously in @entity35 brain.

title: Microdialysis for the determination of @entity3094 and @entity1068 concentrations in the striatum of freely moving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity9901 :: ('MESH:D010472', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloric acid']

entities_list: @entity58713 :: ('MESH:D003484', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanamide']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the clinical and biological features of @entity981 in @entity1 with @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ), to compare their survival with other @entity1 , and to determine if entry to trials and survival has improved. METHODS: Examination of presenting features and response to treatment in @entity1 treated in two consecutive national trials, MRC UKALL X and XI. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with @entity1467 was significantly higher in UKALL XI (1.9%) than UKALL X (0.9%). @entity1 with @entity1467 tended to be under 10 years and to have the common @entity981 subtype. Cytogenetic analysis showed that favourable features, such as high hyperdiploidy and t(12;21) were less frequent but also that there was a lack of translocations associated with a poor prognosis. @entity1 with @entity1467 showed no increase in risk of relapse at any site but their survival and event free survival were inferior to other @entity1 . These results were caused by an increased number of infective deaths during remission (11% compared to 2%). At five years overall survival was 73% in @entity1467 @entity1 compared with 82% in other @entity1 ; event free survival was 53% compared to 63% in non- @entity1467 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Entry of @entity1 with @entity1467 to national trials has increased and survival has improved. However they remain at risk of relapse and also of treatment related mortality. These findings emphasise the need for both intensive chemotherapy and optimal supportive care.

title: @entity1467 and XXXX : clinical features and response to treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome", 'DS']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the immunostimulating therapy with a new vaccine Ismigen in preventing recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract in subjects belonging to a community of cloistered nuns. This product is a lysate obtained by mechanical lysis of bacteria (MLBL) usually responsible of @entity1729 . A randomized, double-blind, parallel groups, placebo controlled clinical trial was carried out in 47 nuns (age range 25-80 years) living in a cloistered religious community, suffering from recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract. The 47 @entity1 were allocated by randomization to two groups: Group A--The 24 @entity1 (mean age SD: 48.12 +/- 14.25 years) of this group received one sublingual tablet of MLBL per day, for 10 consecutive days per month for 3 consecutive months (October, November and December 2001). Group B--The 23 @entity1 (mean age +/- SD: 49.04 +/- 14.73 years) of this group received daily one sublingual tablet of taste masked placebo, for 10 consecutive days per month for 3 consecutive months (October, November and December 2001). At the end of the treatment period @entity1 of both groups were followed up for further three months without any immunostimulating treatment. RESULTS: During and at the end of the treatment phase the number of @entity1729 (primary end-point) and their duration were statistically significantly lower in the MLBL group than in the placebo group. Moreover the administration of MLBL induced a marked reduction in the number of @entity1 showing symptoms of @entity281 in comparison to baseline and approximately 79 % of the @entity1 showed an improvement of one or more of the evaluated symptoms. In the MLBL group a statistically significant increase of serum immunoglobulins (IgG +35%; IgM +86%; IgA +80 %) and salivary IgA (+110%) was found, in comparison to baseline; on the contrary no significant differences were observed in the placebo group. The beneficial effects of MLBL found in the treatment period were maintained also in the three-month follow-up. No adverse events associated with the treatment were found in both group. The results of this study demonstrate that MLBL is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option for the treatment and prevention of recurrent @entity1729 and that its use is recommended in subjects with a possible immune deficit.

title: Prevention of recurrent XXXX in a community of cloistered nuns using a new immunostimulating bacterial lysate. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'upper respiratory tract infections', 'respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: TPS181 Background: Ipilimumab (Ipi), an @entity4386 ( @entity4386 ) antibody, potentiates natural antitumor responses by blocking @entity4386 -mediated inhibition of T cells that have already mounted responses to @entity5 antigens. The drug showed antitumor effects in @entity263 and in phase I/II investigations in @entity263 , with a side effect profile reflective of its mechanism of action. Recent studies in model systems suggested that the RT given prior to Ipi administration may increase @entity5 immunogenicity and enhance Ipi-mediated antitumor activity. METHODS: For this study, pts with @entity263 that has progressed during or after D are randomized 1:1 to receive bone-directed RT followed by Ipi or RT followed by placebo as induction therapy. Pts randomized to induction therapy with Ipi receive their initial dose (10mg/kg) within 2 days of RT administration (up to 5 fields at 8 Gy on a single day); Ipi is then given every 3 wks for 4 doses. After induction, pts not meeting @entity34 ( @entity34 , which have been prospectively defined to enable decision making) may continue to receive blinded study drug every 12 weeks until pts meet @entity34 , withdraw consent, or are lost to follow-up; or study closure. The primary endpoint is overall survival. Secondary endpoints include time to treatment failure, objective response, PSA response/kinetics, @entity158 palliation, and safety. 800 pts are planned to be randomized. Enrollment has been ongoing since 2009 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00861614 ). [Table: see text] [Table: see text].

title: A randomized, double-blind, phase III trial comparing ipilimumab versus placebo following radiotherapy (RT) in patients (pts) with XXXX ( @entity263 ) who have received prior treatment with docetaxel (D).

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer model systems', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity4386 :: ('1493', 'Gene') :: ['anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4', 'CTLA-4']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['TSC', 'Treatment Stopping Criteria']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer']


abstract: It has been estimated that half of all @entity64 @entity1 who survive are left with some level of disability and that for some @entity1 this disability is severe. Methods that maximize recovery and decrease complications are essential for all @entity64 @entity1 , regardless of the level of disability. Rehabilitation philosophy and practices are applicable in all types of care settings. The Joint Committee for @entity64 Facilities set the guidelines for @entity64 rehabilitation to provide the following: . Prevention of secondary complications . Compensation for sensory, perceptual, and motor loss . Environmental stimulation . Socialization . Development of motivation . Enablement of independent living and home living . Achievement of vocational rehabilitation when feasible In the acute-hospital setting, these guidelines can be incorporated into planning care for the @entity64 @entity1 . Assessment of the @entity1 on an ongoing basis provides a clear description of neurologic, cognitive, and functional status. With this information, the nurse can shape the @entity1 's environment to provide for safety and stimulation, while encouraging maximum mobility and self-care. Within the stressful and busy environment of an acute-care unit, taking time to allow a @entity1 to struggle with performing even simple tasks may be frustrating for the nurse. This frustration may be lessened through the recognition that every @entity1 movement and activity can be viewed as therapeutic and that every improvement brings the @entity1 closer to the reality of independence.

title: Assessment of neurologic deficits in XXXX . Acute-care and rehabilitation implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment intensification was considered a suitable strategy to increase the cure rate of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in @entity1 . PROCEDURE: The AIEOP LNH-97 trial was run between 1997 and 2007 for newly diagnosed @entity981 in @entity1 aged less than 18 years. Treatment schedule was based on the previous, LSA2-L2 derived, AIEOP LNH-92 protocol. Modifications included: increased dose of upfront @entity786 and @entity1499 , use of @entity4445 during induction therapy, intensive block therapy for slow responders, and late intensification ("Reinduction") for @entity1 with advanced stage disease. Total therapy duration was 12 months for stage I and II, and 24 months for stage III and IV. @entity149 did not include cranial irradiation. RESULTS: 114 eligible @entity1 were enrolled, 84 males and 30 females; median age was 9 years. Complete remission was obtained in 98% of @entity1 . After a median follow-up time of seven years, 29 @entity1 failed due to progression of disease (n   =   2), relapse (n   =   25), or second @entity5 (n   =   2). The 7-year overall survival was 82% ( @entity2246 [ @entity2246 ] 4%) and the 7-year event-free survival was 74% ( @entity2246 4%). No subgroup showed significantly different event free survival. None of the @entity1 died of front line chemotherapy-related @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment intensification was associated with good outcome in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity981 , with limited @entity137 . Prognosis after relapse was better for @entity1 who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Measurements of biological markers and treatment response are necessary for achieving further improvement through more accurate identification and stratification of @entity1 at risk of disease relapse. Pediatr @entity5    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Long-term results of the AIEOP LNH-97 protocol for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['LBL', 'lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Blood Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of @entity5651 in five areas of the Pyrineans and in the region of Segri   in Lleida. DESIGN: Transversal descriptive study. SETTING: Five Pyrinean's regions and Segri  . @entity1 : Randomised selection of a sample of 601 subjects from the population over 6 years old. MEASUREMENTS: The field work, which was preceded by an informative campaign in the media, was carried out from October of 1994 through February of 1995. Survey with a personal interview, blood pressure, weight, height, @entity5651 , blood analysis with thyroidal hormones and urine analysis with the @entity1496 / @entity908 ratio determination. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity5651 was 18.3% which was higher among @entity1 , the ratio being 3.7/1 ( @entity1 / @entity1 ). No significant differences were found in regard to geographic distribution. Mean iodinuria was 120 micrograms/l, though it was below 50 in 11.1% subjects. The prevalence of @entity5651 has been founded to be related to age, increasing from the age of 45 onwards. Higher percentage of @entity5651 was found among individuals with a family history of the disease and @entity1 who have had @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity1375 was 3.4%. CONCLUSIONS: We have found a medium degree of @entity5651 in the study area, the mean iodinuria in the population is in normal range. The @entity1 with @entity1 have a higher prevalence of @entity5651 probably due to a lack of sufficient @entity1496 intake being a subgroup at risk.

title: [Current situation of @entity5651 endemic and XXXX intake in the population of the Pyrenees and the Segri   region of Lleida].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter palpation', 'goiter', "goiter's endemia"]

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: AIM: To compare the effectiveness of the discectomy and conservative treatment in @entity1 with disc related @entity1643 . METHODS: We performed retrospective-prospective cohort study enrolling 100 @entity1 . According to our extended criteria all of them had operative indications. We operated 50 @entity1 , 50 @entity1 refused operation and they were treated non-operatively. The following measures of outcome were used: Sciatica @entity615 depending on the activity, Las  gue test, contralateral Las  gue test, @entity51 . Data were assessed at the beginning of the treatment and after 2 months, 7 months, and 18 months. RESULTS: Treatment results were in favor of surgery for majority of outcome measures as well as for all periods of assessment. After 18 months there was significant difference between operated and non-operated @entity1 related to Sciatica Bothersomeness Index (p less than 0,05), Las  gue test (p=0,002), @entity615 depending on the activity (p=0,009). There was no significant difference between the groups related to contralateral Las  gue test (p=0,206). CONCLUSION: We expended formerly accepted operative indications. There were better treatment results in the operated group of @entity1 . A fast @entity304 is the main advantage of the operative treatment strategy. @entity1 whose @entity158 is controlled in a manner that is acceptable for them may decide to postpone surgery. @entity1 preference for the type of treatment is crucial for an ultimate surgical decision in cases without widespread @entity51 .

title: XXXX : comparative study of the operative and non-operative treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back and lumbar radicular syndrome']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['Bothersomeness Index, leg and back pain', 'neurological deficit (p less than 0,05) and leg and back pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits', 'neurological deficit']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Low back and lumbar radicular syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intragastric pH monitoring is currently done using catheter-based pH systems. This study assessed the feasibility of proximal intragastric pH recording with the Bravo wireless pH monitoring system using novel methodology. METHODS: Nine asymptomatic volunteers and 9 symptomatic @entity1 were studied. One pH capsule was positioned under direct endoscopic visualization so that the device straddled the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) with the attachment well positioned on squamous mucosa and the pH electrode 1.5-2 cm distal to the SCJ. A second capsule was placed 6 cm proximal to the SCJ. The signal from each capsule was recorded by a separate receiver synchronized for time. RESULTS: Successful placement and interpretable recording for >42 h from both pH capsules was achieved in 16 (88%) of 18 subjects. Data capture were 98.3% in the @entity418 and 97.7% in the esophagus. Two failures occurred due to premature capsule detachment (one esophageal and one gastric). The acid environment in the @entity418 was similar in asymptomatic controls and symptomatic @entity1 and exhibited less meal-related buffering than is typical of more distal intragastric recordings. In addition, nadir @entity356 pH was almost always less than nadir esophageal pH during reflux events. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-four hour @entity356 pH monitoring is feasible with the Bravo system and can be added to esophageal pH monitoring to assess concomitant @entity418 acidity. Instantaneous @entity418 pH defines the potential nadir esophageal pH during reflux events.

title: Bravo capsule placement in the XXXX : a novel method for analysis of proximal stomach acid environment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We used contemporary family-epidemiological methods to examine patterns of comorbidity and @entity1423 of @entity146 for @entity448 and @entity1279 . METHODS: Direct interviews and blind best-estimate diagnostic procedures were used with diagnostically "pure" groups of probands with @entity1277 and a matched control group. Lifetime prevalence rates of @entity1277 , @entity1316 , substance use disorders, @entity148 , and selected @entity1314 were determined in female probands with restricting @entity1278 (n=26) or @entity1279 (n=47), control @entity1 (n=44), and first-degree biological relatives (n=460). RESULTS: Relatives of anorexic and bulimic probands had increased risk of clinically subthreshold forms of an @entity1277 , @entity308 , and @entity3119 . @entity1423 of @entity308 and @entity3119 was independent of that of @entity1278 . These relatives also had increased risk of other @entity148 , but the mode of familial transmission was not clear-cut. The risk of @entity734 was elevated among relatives of bulimic probands compared with relatives of anorexic probands, and @entity1423 was independent of that of @entity1279 . The risk of @entity3119 was elevated only among relatives of anorexic probands, and there was evidence that these 2 disorders may have shared familial risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: There may be a common familial vulnerability for @entity1278 . @entity308 , @entity3119 , and @entity734 are not likely to share a common cause with @entity1277 . However, obsessional personality traits may be a specific @entity1278 .

title: A controlled family study of @entity1278 : XXXX in first-degree relatives and effects of proband comorbidity.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depressive disorder', 'Major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Familial aggregation', 'familial aggregation']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'familial risk factor for anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'obsessive-compulsive personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to document the incidence of @entity358 and their potential relation to clinical outcome in @entity1 after lung transplantation. BACKGROUND: Several case reports have documented the presence of @entity49 causing @entity177 in @entity1 after lung transplantation. Because the presentation of these complications mimics that of other postoperative problems, the true incidence of @entity358 remains unclear. Transesophageal echocardiography is ideally suited to examine the pulmonary veins in the postoperative setting. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive @entity1 undergoing lung transplantation at our institution underwent transesophageal echocardiography within 32 days of transplantation (mean [+/- SD] 6.5 +/- 7.8 days). Special attention was placed on visualizing the pulmonary veins. RESULTS: Six (29%) of the 21 @entity1 were noted to have @entity358 in the vicinity of the anastomotic site. After follow-up of 30 days, 4 of these @entity1 (67%) had significant @entity65 , and 2 died, compared with 1 (7%) of 15 @entity1 with normal pulmonary veins (p = 0.03). The degree of obstruction of the pulmonary vein appeared to correlate with short-term outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity358 are common after lung transplantation and are easily identified by transesophageal echocardiography. Occlusive thrombi appear to be detrimental to short-term outcome.

title: Incidence of XXXX after lung transplantation: a prospective transesophageal echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['graft failure']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein complications', 'abnormalities of the pulmonary veins', 'pulmonary vein abnormalities', 'Abnormalities of the pulmonary veins']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary vein complications']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the clinical and operative factors predicting reoperation within 30  days of resident-performed @entity231 surgery and correlate them with 1-year visual outcomes. SETTING: Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: The study assessed @entity1 who had resident-performed @entity231 surgery between 2005 and 2013 and required return to the operating room for a second surgery on the same eye within 30  days. Preoperative and intraoperative risk factors were assessed. Outcome measures included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at 1  year. RESULTS: A review of 6644 resident-performed @entity231 surgeries showed that 54 eyes (0.85%) of 54 @entity1 required a return to the operating room within 30  days. The reoperation rate was higher in the first half of the academic year (1.18%) than in the second half (0.55%) (P  =  .004). The mean CDVA 1  year postoperatively was 20/40, with a @entity1018 . The mean operative time was 59.23  minutes      35.05 ( @entity168 ). A longer intraoperative time was predictive of a worse visual outcome (P  <  .01). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the need for reoperation within 30  days, most @entity1 achieved improved visual acuity. The reoperation rate was significantly lower in the second half of the academic year. Increased operation times correlated with worse visual acuity independent of other variables. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Indications and outcomes of resident-performed XXXX surgery requiring return to the operating room.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of lines of vision in 4 eyes']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: CONTEXT: Host immune response has an impact on @entity5 development and progression. There is interest in the use of inflammatory biomarkers (InfBMs) in @entity5 care. Although several studies assessing the potential prognostic value of InfBMs in @entity5 have been published in the past decades, they have had no impact on the management of @entity1 with @entity150 ( @entity150 ). OBJECTIVE: To review and summarise the scientific literature on the prognostic value of @entity5 , serum, urine, and germline DNA InfBMs on @entity150 . EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review of the literature was performed searching the Medline and Embase databases for original articles published between January 1975 and November 2013. The main inclusion criterion was the provision of a survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier and/or @entity797 ) according to the Reporting Recommendations for @entity5 Marker Prognostic Studies guidelines for the assessment of prognostic markers. We focused on markers assessed at least twice in the literature. Findings are reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Overall, 34 publications, mostly retrospective, fulfilled the main inclusion criterion. Main limitations of these studies were missing relevant information about design or analysis and heterogeneous methodology used. Inflammatory cells, costimulatory molecules in @entity5 cells, and serum cytokines showed prognostic significance, mainly in univariable analyses. High @entity1851 values were consistently reported as an independent prognostic factor for mortality in invasive @entity150 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a dearth of studies on InfBMs in @entity150 compared with other @entity5 types. Evidence suggests that InfBMs may have an impact on the management of @entity1 with @entity150 . Currently, methodological drawbacks of the studies limit the translational potential of results. @entity1 SUMMARY: In this review, we analysed studies evaluating the impact of inflammatory response on @entity150 progression. Despite methodological limitations, some inflammatory biomarkers should be further analysed because they hold promise to improve @entity1 care.

title: Inflammatory Biomarkers and XXXX Prognosis: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'UBC', 'urothelial bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: @entity158 stimuli are of utmost behavioral relevance and thereby affect attentional resources. In health, variable effects of @entity158 on attention have been observed, indicating alerting as well as distracting effects of @entity158 . In the @entity1 brain, these effects are closely related to modulations of neuronal @entity11728 . As hypervigilance as an abnormal increase of attention to external stimuli has been implicated in @entity1118 states, we assumed both attentional performance and @entity158 -induced @entity11728 to be altered in @entity1 with @entity239 ( @entity239 ). We recorded electroencephalography from healthy subjects (n = 22) and @entity1 with @entity239 (n = 19) during an attention demanding visual reaction time task. In 50% of the trials we applied painful laser stimuli. The results of self-assessment questionnaires confirm that @entity1 with @entity239 consider themselves hypervigilant towards @entity158 as compared to healthy controls. However, the experimental findings indicate that the effects of painful stimuli on attentional performance and neuronal @entity11728 do not differ between @entity1 and healthy subjects. We further found a significant correlation between the @entity158 -induced modulation of @entity227 and the @entity158 -induced modulation of reaction times. This relationship did not differ between groups either. These findings confirm a close relationship between @entity11728 and the variable attentional effects of @entity158 , which appear to be comparable in health and disease. Thus, our results do not provide evidence for a behavioral or neuronal manifestation of hypervigilance in @entity1 with @entity239 .

title: Behavioral and neuronal investigations of hypervigilance in XXXX with @entity239 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual gamma oscillations']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome', 'FMS']

entities_list: @entity11728 :: ('MESH:D006362', 'Disease') :: ['gamma oscillations']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Painful', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This randomized open-label study compared the incidence of metabolic side effects of @entity1770 , @entity1280 and @entity1089 in a population of medication-na  ve first-episode @entity716 @entity1 . A total of 202 subjects were enrolled. Body weight, body mass index, @entity1243 , fasting lipids and fasting glycaemic parameters were measured at baseline and at 3 months follow-up. A hundred and sixty-six @entity1 completed the follow-up and were included in the analyses. A high proportion of @entity1 experienced a significant weight increase (>7% of their baseline weight): 23% @entity1280 (n=12), 32% with @entity1089 (n=16) and 45% with @entity1770 (n=31). @entity1 treated with @entity1770 gained significantly more weight than the @entity1 in the @entity1280 group (1.2 kg [SD=4.1] versus 4.3 kg [SD=4.8], respectively). The increase in @entity1243 levels was greater in @entity1 treated with @entity1770 than in those treated with @entity1280 (p=0.030). Mean prolactin levels significantly increased in @entity1 treated with @entity1089 and @entity1280 but not in those treated with @entity1770 . @entity1 treated with @entity1089 and @entity1770 showed a significant increase in total @entity165 and LDL- @entity165 plasma levels. @entity1089 -treated @entity1 resulted in a higher increase in LDL- @entity165 than @entity1 treated with @entity1280 (p=0.021). No other significant differences between groups were found. No significant changes in glycaemic parameters were observed. Our results suggest that @entity1280 has a lower liability for inducing @entity1017 and @entity14822 than @entity1770 or @entity1089 .

title: Comparison of metabolic effects of @entity1770 , @entity1089 and @entity1280 after 12 weeks of treatment in first treated episode of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Several studies report a favorable short-term outcome after nonoperatively treated two-column thoracic or lumbar @entity174 in @entity1 without @entity51 . Few reports have described the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after these @entity174 , and none have, to our knowledge, specifically evaluated the long-term outcome of the discs adjacent to the @entity174 , often damaged at injury and possibly at an increased risk of @entity615 . PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar @entity174 in adults, with special attention to posttraumatic radiological disc height reduction. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. @entity1 SAMPLE: Sixteen @entity1 with a mean age of 31 years (range, 19-44) and 11 @entity1 with a mean age of 40 years (range, 23-61) had sustained a thoracic or lumbar burst @entity174 during the years 1965 to 1973. Four had sustained a burst @entity174 Denis type A, 18 a Denis type B, 1 a @entity2195 , and 4 a Denis type E. Seven of these @entity1 had @entity51 at injury, all retrospectively classified as Frankel D. OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical outcome was evaluated subjectively with Oswestry score and questions regarding work capacity and objectively with the Frankel scale. The radiological outcome was evaluated with measurements of local @entity1513 over the fractured segment, ratios of anterior and posterior vertebral body heights, adjacent disc heights, pedicle widths, sagittal width of the spinal canal, and lateral and anteroposterior displacement. METHODS: From the radiographical archives of an emergency hospital, all @entity1 with a nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst @entity174 during the years 1965 to 1973 were registered. The @entity174 type, localization, primary treatment, and outcome were evaluated from the old radiographs, referrals, and reports. Twenty-seven individuals were clinically and radiologically evaluated a mean of 27 years (range, 23-41) after the injury. RESULTS: At follow-up, 21 former @entity1 reported no or minimal back @entity158 or disability (Oswestry Score mean 4; range, 0-16), whereas 6 former @entity1 (of whom 3 were classified as Frankel D at baseline) reported moderate or severe disability (Oswestry Score mean 39; range, 26-54). Six former @entity1 were classified as Frankel D, and the rest as Frankel E. Local @entity1513 had increased by a mean of 3 degrees (p<.05), whereas the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebrae remained unchanged in height during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Nonoperatively treated @entity174 of the thoracic or lumbar spine in adults with or without minor @entity51 have a predominantly favorable long-term outcome, and there seems to be no increased risk for subsequent disc height reduction in the adjacent discs.

title: Nonoperatively treated XXXX of the thoracic and lumbar spine in adults: a 23- to 41-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractured vertebra', 'burst fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['height reduction and degeneration with subsequent chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity2195 :: ('OMIM:211750', 'Disease') :: ['Denis type C']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['burst fractures']


abstract: AIMS: We performed a prospective multi-center study to assess gender-specific differences in the predictive value of the measured level of NT-proBNP and the calculated @entity712 Survival Score (HFSS). METHODS: Baseline characteristics and follow-up data up to 5  years from 2,019 @entity1 and 530 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) due to @entity741 or @entity384 were prospectively compared. Death from any cause constituted the endpoint of the study. NT-proBNP was measured and HFSS calculated according to standard methods. Survival of @entity1 and @entity1 according to level of NT-proBNP and HFSS was analyzed in logistic regression models. RESULTS: Median NT-proBNP level in @entity1 was 1,394  ng/l (IQR 516-3,406  ng/l) and 1,168  ng/l (IQR 444-2,830  ng/l) in @entity1 (p  =  n.s.). Median HFSS value was 8.4 (IQR 7.7-9.1) and 8.5 (8.0-9.1) in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. NT-proBNP levels and HFSS score correlated well with survival rates in both genders (p for interaction  =  0.22 for NT-proBNP and 0.93 for HFSS). The all-cause @entity204 rates were similar in @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Despite a number of gender-specific differences in @entity712 and the general predominance of @entity1 measured levels of NT-proBNP and HFSS score can be utilized for risk stratification with similar informative value in @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Gender aspects in clinical presentation and prognostication of @entity712 according to NT-proBNP and the XXXX Survival Score.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'Heart Failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']