abstract: @entity4963 , a complication often affecting immunocompromised @entity1 , is a common cause of @entity647 . @entity375 -phase @entity5132 has been shown to express a protein that is antigenically and structurally related to Mac-1. @entity5132 is reported to stimulate intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ( @entity1590 ) expression on endothelial cells. In this study, the authors examined the role of @entity1590 in @entity647 induced by @entity4963 . The authors cultured @entity35 pulmonary artery endothelial cells (RPAEC) and investigated the effect of anti- @entity1590 antibodies on adhesion of @entity5132 to RPAEC. In addition, the authors administered anti- @entity1590 antibodies to @entity35 to examine the effect of the antibodies on experimentally induced @entity4963 . Survival rates, lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratios, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, histopathological findings, and colony-forming units (CFUs) of lung @entity5132 were examined. The adherence of @entity5132 to RPAEC was significantly decreased by anti- @entity1590 antibodies. Anti- @entity1590 antibodies significantly increased survival, decreased lung W/D weight ratios, decreased neutrophil counts in the BAL fluid, reduced microscopic @entity651 , and decreased the quantity of lung @entity5132 . These results indicate that @entity1590 plays a role in adherence of @entity5132 to pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, which likely leads to invasion of lung tissue by the organism.

title: Role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in XXXX induced by @entity4963 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['Candidemia', 'candidemia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intramedullary angular and sliding stable interlocking nails are attracting increasing attention in the treatment of @entity174 of the proximal humerus. This prospective study evaluates the clinical and radiological outcome of the "Varion" nail osteosynthesis system. Additionally we analysed the impact of the postoperative head-shaft angle on the functional outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined 61 @entity1 who were treated with a Varion nail and were re-evaluated after an average follow-up period of 7.1 months. We assessed the pre-trauma DASH score and the Constant score of the non-injured side. We also measured the postoperative radiographic head-shaft angle. At the follow-up exam we determined the DASH and Constant scores of the treated extremity and made control radiographs. RESULTS: We were able to re-evaluate 54 @entity1 . The DASH score at follow-up averaged 19.3 and the mean postoperative Constant score reached 67.4 points and thus 81.1 % of the score of the non-injured side. The average pain level was 1.3 on the VAS. A high @entity1 satisfaction was obtained. There was a significant correlation between the complexity of the @entity174 and the clinical outcome. The best functional result was seen when the postoperative head-shaft angle was between 140 and 151  . There were 7 cases of @entity260 , in 5 of these cases minor revision surgeries were carried out. CONCLUSION: The "Varion nail" provides safe and effective treatment of even complicated proximal humerus @entity174 with good clinical and functional results. The optimum angle between head and shaft axis lies between 141 and 150  .

title: [Angular and sliding stable internal fixation of proximal humerus XXXX using the "Varion" intramedullary nail].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of neoadjuvant therapy, in particular chemoradiotherapy (CRT), in the treatment of @entity418 ( @entity418 ) remains controversial. The ability to predict treatment response in an individual @entity418 @entity1 would greatly aid therapeutic planning. Gene expression profiles of @entity418 were measured and relationship to therapeutic response assessed. METHODS: Tumor biopsy samples taken from 46 @entity418 @entity1 before neoadjuvant CRT were analyzed on 10.5K cDNA microarrays. Response to treatment was assessed and correlated to gene expression patterns by using a support vector machine learning algorithm. RESULTS: Complete clinical response at conclusion of CRT was achieved in 6 of 21 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and 11 of 25 @entity420 ( @entity420 ) @entity1 . CRT response was an independent prognostic factor for survival (P < .001). A range of support vector machine models incorporating 10 to 1000 genes produced a predictive performance of @entity5 response to CRT peaking at 87% in @entity957 , but a distinct positive prediction profile was unobtainable for @entity420 . A 32-gene classifier was produced, and by means of this classifier, 10 of 21 @entity957 @entity1 could be accurately identified as having disease with an incomplete response to therapy, and thus unlikely to benefit from neoadjuvant CRT. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identifies a 32-gene classifier that can be used to predict response to neoadjuvant CRT in @entity957 . However, because of the molecular diversity between the two histological subtypes of @entity418 , when considering the @entity420 and @entity957 samples as a single cohort, a predictive profile could not be resolved, and a negative predictive profile was observed for @entity420 .

title: Pretreatment gene expression profiles can be used to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Symptoms following @entity542 are common. The aim of the present study was to estimate the association between age, sex, unconsciousness in connection with the @entity130 , type of accident, @entity10 before the @entity130 , @entity174 , and @entity10 , or other symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1 studied were aged 18-60 years and had been under observation at the University Hospital of Aarhus in the period August 1986 to August 1987, because of concussion or suspected concussion. The records were examined, and the @entity1 were interviewed by telephone 9-12 months after the @entity130 . RESULTS: Out of 233 @entity1 , 168 were interviewed (72%). Of these, 57% had symptoms and 26% had received treatment. Two per cent were still on sick leave. Sixty-four @entity1 (38%) complained of @entity10 , whereas 31% had symptoms without @entity10 , most often difficulties with memory or concentration. In a logistic regression model we estimated the adjusted odds ratio of having @entity10 in @entity1 compared with @entity1 to 2.6 (1.2-5.8), whereas the corresponding OR for other symptoms was 1.0 (0.4-2.7). CONCLUSION: We found that @entity1 had an increased risk of @entity10 , but not other post-traumatic symptoms, in comparison with @entity1 .

title: [Gender differences of XXXX and other post-commotio symptoms. A follow-up study after a period of 9-12 months].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic headache', 'headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['post-traumatic headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Clinical studies have shown that administration of @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) to @entity1 who have unresectable @entity788 induces marked attenuation of @entity3085 . However, the exact mechanisms of the beneficial effect of @entity8393 on @entity788 are unknown. This examined the effect of @entity8393 on proliferation of @entity1 @entity788 cell lines and sought to clarify its mechanisms. METHODS: The effects of @entity8393 on proliferation of three @entity1 @entity788 cell lines (SW1990, AsPC-1, and PANC-1) were assessed. Induction of apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were measured. The effect of @entity8393 on @entity3840 expression in these cell lines was determined. RESULTS: @entity8393 inhibited proliferation of all three @entity1 @entity788 cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion. Simultaneously, @entity8393 treatment induced apoptosis and this was associated with @entity522 activation. @entity8393 treatment was also associated with a decrease in intracellular levels of @entity3840 protein. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that @entity8393 inhibits @entity1 @entity788 cell growth due at least in part to the induction of apoptotic cell death. Such apoptosis is associated with activation of @entity522 and suppression of @entity3840 expression. Greater understanding of the molecular events associated with the biological activity of @entity8393 should enhance the therapeutic potential of administration of @entity8393 to @entity1 who have @entity788 .

title: Apoptosis in XXXX @entity788 cells induced by @entity7784 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Two @entity25430 dioxygenase (NCED) cDNAs have been cloned from a petal library of Gentiana lutea. Both cDNAs carry a putative transit sequence for chloroplast import and differ mainly in their length and the 5'-flanking regions. GlNCED1 was evolutionary closely related to @entity958 @entity38191 whereas GlNCED2 showed highest homology to @entity523 NCED1 and A. thaliana @entity55883 . The amounts of GlNCED2 transcript were below Northern detection in G. lutea. In contrast, GlNCED1 was specifically expressed at higher levels in developing flowers when petals start appearing. By genetic engineering of @entity286 with coding regions of either gene under a constitutive promoter, their function was further analyzed. Although mRNA of both genes was detectable in the corresponding transgenic plants, a physiological effect was only found for GlNCED1 but not for GlNCED2. In germination experiments of GlNCED1 transgenic lines, delayed radicle formation and cotyledon appearance were observed. However, the transformants exhibited no improved tolerance against desiccation stress. In contrast to other plants with over-expressed NCEDs, prolonged delay of seed germination is the only @entity2271 -related phenotypic effect in the GlNCED1 transgenic lines.

title: Cloning of two individual cDNAS encoding @entity25430 dioxygenase from Gentiana lutea, their tissue-specific expression and physiological effect in transgenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic-acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity25430 :: ('CHEBI:51973', 'Chemical') :: ['9-cis-epoxycarotenoid']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In order to test the hypothesis that @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is merely an extension of the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep @entity386 / @entity387 (OSA/H) to less severe pharyngeal collapse during sleep, we compared the severity of @entity2147 and the prevalence of @entity22 in @entity27 @entity1 to the patterns observed for OSA/H @entity1 . Our goal was to determine whether the severity of @entity2147 and the prevalence of @entity22 observed in @entity27 @entity1 could have been predicted from the patterns observed among OSA/H @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of a large consecutive @entity1 series evaluated at an @entity25 center, including 220 OSA/H @entity1 and 137 @entity27 @entity1 . @entity1 had no other sleep-related diagnosis and underwent an initial evaluation that included a measure of @entity2147 [a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT); 95%] or @entity22 questionnaire (87%). @entity1 were characterized by anthropometric data, polysomnographic descriptive measures of sleep, MSLT data and @entity22 questionnaire data. RESULTS: Severity of @entity2147 decreased over the continuum from severe to mild OSA/H. A model fit to the OSA/H @entity1 to predict severity of @entity2147 significantly underestimated @entity2147 in @entity27 @entity1 , which was comparable in severity to that of @entity1 with mild OSA/H. The frequency of sleep-onset @entity22 increased over the continuum from severe to mild OSA/H and increased further in @entity27 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity27 is, in some respects, an extension of OSA/H to less severe pharyngeal collapse, but this does not adequately account for the symptom profile of @entity1 with @entity27 . A physical model is proposed to account for the excess somnolence in @entity27 relative to expectations and the increasing frequency of sleep-onset @entity22 along the continuum from severe OSA/H to @entity27 .

title: @entity2147 , XXXX and the pathophysiology of @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['UARS', 'upper airway resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolence']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['academic sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is a clonal B-cell malignancy characterized by slow-growing plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). @entity1 with @entity1582 typically respond to initial chemotherapies; however, essentially all progress to a chemoresistant state. Factors that contribute to the chemorefractory phenotype include modulation of free radical scavenging, increased expression of drug efflux pumps, and changes in gene expression that allow escape from apoptotic signaling. Recent data indicate that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) induces remission of refractory acute @entity2799 and apoptosis of cell lines overexpressing @entity588 family members; therefore, it was hypothesized that chemorefractory @entity1582 cells would be sensitive to @entity9188 . @entity9188 induced apoptosis in 4 @entity1 @entity1582 cell lines: 8226/S, 8226/Dox40, U266, and U266/ @entity1836 . The addition of @entity650 had no effect on cell death. @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) has been implicated as an inhibitor of @entity9188 -induced cell death either through conjugating @entity9188 or by sequestering reactive @entity26 induced by @entity9188 . Consistent with this possibility, increasing @entity2197 levels with @entity898 attenuated @entity9188 @entity137 . Decreases in @entity2197 have been associated with @entity620 (AA) metabolism. Clinically relevant doses of AA decreased @entity2197 levels and potentiated @entity9188 -mediated cell death of all 4 @entity1582 cell lines. Similar results were obtained in freshly isolated @entity1 @entity1582 cells. In contrast, normal BM cells displayed little sensitivity to @entity9188 alone or in combination with AA. Together, these data suggest that @entity9188 and AA may be effective antineoplastic agents in refractory @entity1582 and that AA might be a useful adjuvant in @entity2197 -sensitive therapies. (Blood. 2001;98:805-813)

title: XXXX enhances @entity4447 -induced @entity137 in @entity1582 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['Ascorbic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three weeks of @entity8671 ( @entity56480 ) treatment alone and in combination with voluntary training (Tr) on expression of genes involved in @entity165 metabolism ( @entity3244 , @entity56481 , @entity3245 , @entity56482 , @entity34326 , @entity56483 and @entity56484 ) in the liver of eight week-old ovariectomized (Ovx) @entity35 . @entity35 were Ovx or sham-operated (Sham) and kept sedentary for 8 weeks under a standard diet. Thereafter, @entity35 were transferred for three weeks in running wheel cages for Tr or kept sedentary (Sed) with or without @entity56480 treatment (5mg/kg/day). Six groups were formed: Sham-Sed treated with saline (Sal) or @entity56480 (Sham-Sed-Sal; Sham-Sed- @entity56480 ), Ovx-Sed treated with Sal or @entity56480 (Ovx-Sed-Sal; Ovx-Sed- @entity56480 ), Ovx trained treated with Sal or @entity56480 (Ovx-Tr-Sal; Ovx-Tr- @entity56480 ). Ovx-Sed-Sal @entity35 depicted higher (P < 0.05) body weight, plasma total @entity165 (TC) and LDL-C, and liver TC content compared to Sham-Sed-Sal @entity35 . In contrast, mRNA levels of liver @entity56481 , @entity3244 , @entity3245 as well as plasma @entity56481 concentrations and protein levels of @entity3245 were reduced (P < 0.01) in Ovx-Sed-Sal compared to Sham-Sed-Sal @entity35 . However, protein levels of @entity3244 increased (P < 0.05) in Ovx-Sed-Sal compared to Sham-Sed-Sal @entity35 . Treatment of Ovx @entity35 with @entity56480 increased (P < 0.05) mRNA and protein levels of @entity3245 and @entity56481 but not mRNA levels of @entity3244 , while its protein abundance was reduced at the level of Sham @entity35 . As a result, plasma LDL-C was not reduced. Exercise alone did not affect the expression of any of these markers in Ovx @entity35 . Overall, @entity56480 treatment corrected Ovx-induced decrease in gene expression of markers of @entity165 metabolism in liver of Ovx @entity35 , but without reducing plasma LDL-C concentrations. Increased plasma @entity56481 levels could be responsible for the reduction of liver @entity3244 protein abundance and the absence of reduction of plasma LDL-C after @entity56480 treatment.

title: Combined Effects of XXXX and Exercise on Gene Expression of Key Molecules Involved in @entity165 Metabolism in Ovariectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity8671 :: (MESH:C422923,Chemical) :: ['Rosuvastatin']


abstract: The burden of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is increasing at a greater rate in South Asia than in any other region globally, but there is little direct evidence about its determinants. The Pakistan Risk of @entity583 Study (PROMIS) is an epidemiological resource to enable reliable study of genetic, lifestyle and other determinants of @entity301 in South Asia. By March 2009, PROMIS had recruited over 5,000 cases of first-ever confirmed acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and over 5,000 matched controls aged 30-80 years. For each @entity1 , information has been recorded on demographic factors, lifestyle, medical and family history, anthropometry, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram. A range of biological samples has been collected and stored, including DNA, plasma, serum and whole blood. During its next stage, the study aims to expand recruitment to achieve a total of about 20,000 cases and about 20,000 controls, and, in subsets of @entity1 , to enrich the resource by collection of monocytes, establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines, and by resurveying @entity1 . Measurements in progress include profiling of candidate biochemical factors, assay of 45,000 variants in 2,100 candidate genes, and a genomewide association scan of over 650,000 genetic markers. We have established a large epidemiological resource for @entity301 in South Asia. In parallel with its further expansion and enrichment, the PROMIS resource will be systematically harvested to help identify and evaluate genetic and other determinants of @entity583 in South Asia. Findings from this study should advance scientific understanding and inform regionally appropriate disease prevention and control strategies.

title: The Pakistan Risk of @entity583 Study: a resource for the study of genetic, lifestyle and other determinants of XXXX in South Asia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: If @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) progresses in @entity1 after chemotherapy with alkylating agents, the combination of @entity1891 , @entity632 and @entity619 (VAD) can achieve a response in 40-70% of cases. Because of its low @entity137 for haematopoetic stem-cells this form of chemotherapy is often undertaken before high-dose blood stem-cell transplantation. It was the objective of this study to examine effectiveness and complications of ambulant VAD treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Within four years VAD chemotherapy was given to 62 ambulant @entity1582 @entity1 , administered by microprocessor-regulated pumps via intravenously @entity2636 catheters with a safety valve. Response to treatment, treatment-associated complications and @entity281 were documented prospectively and analysed. RESULTS: VAD treatment achieved @entity5 reduction of more than 25% in 50 of 62 @entity1 . This treatment had to be discontinued in two of 192 pump-infusions because of irreversible catheter occlusion. Eight @entity1 were hospitalised because of @entity281 and two for noninfectious complications. Severe @entity166 (> or = WHO grade III) occurred in 4% of treatment cycles. CONCLUSION: VAD chemotherapy can be performed with a low rate of @entity281 in ambulant @entity1 despite the need for prolonged intravenously infusion of the drugs. But to avoid complications by intravenously catheters, random prospective tests should first be done with oral alkylating agents.

title: [Ambulatory therapy of @entity1582 with @entity1891 , XXXX and @entity619 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: The varying tumor-biological @entity43 probably influences both their operability and response to chemotherapy, which are the most relevant prognostic factors. The phenotype of different @entity43 is obviously associated with an activation of the EGF/ @entity7790 signal pathway, including @entity517 and @entity1178 expression. Analysis of @entity470 , @entity7790 , @entity517 and @entity1178 expression in 33 stage III/IV, and 2 stage I/II @entity43 with biochemical, molecular-chemical and immunohistochemical methods showed a correlation between the mRNA and protein levels of @entity470 and @entity7790 for @entity5 with low or high expressing rates. However, the concentration of measurable free EGF-Rs seems to depend on the amount of @entity7790 expression by the @entity5 . The @entity470 binding ligand @entity7790 is produced by @entity5 cells; stromal cells are usually @entity7790 -negative, as shown by immunohistochemistry. High expression rates of @entity470 . @entity7790 and @entity517 were detected in 6, 7, and 10 out of 35 @entity43 , respectively. @entity1178 mRNA was detected in 18/19 cases studied. Non-malignant tissues originating from myometrium or ovary expressed no (or only small amounts of) @entity470 or @entity7790 mRNA, whereas a high @entity517 expression was found in 1/7 normal myometria, and in 2/5 normal ovaries. There was no strong correlation between @entity470 / @entity7790 and @entity517 / @entity1178 expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Oncogene and growth factor expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'behavior of ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive case series. OBJECTIVE: To determine predictors of outcome in @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment of @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Most previous studies assessing postoperative outcome in @entity1 with @entity2457 have been limited due to small population size, lack of sufficient information on presurgical variables, or short time of postoperative follow-up. Consequently, the most reliable predictors of functional outcome after treatment of @entity2457 are not yet well established. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of consecutive @entity1 with @entity2457 treated surgically between June 1985 and March 2008 in our institution. The Aminoff-Logue gait (G) and micturition (M) scores were used to stratify the degree of disability and the G + M score was used as the primary outcome measure. Demographics, clinical presentation, time to diagnosis, @entity292 level, presurgical motor and @entity73 , and magnetic resonance imaging findings were assessed as prognosticators for postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-three @entity1 were analyzed. Mean follow-up was 31    36.2 months. Most @entity1 were improved (44%) or stable (34%) upon the last follow-up. Among preoperative variables, worsening weakness with @entity12967 was associated with a better G + M score at the last follow-up (P < 0.001) and presence of pinprick level was associated with a worse G + M score at the last follow-up (P = 0.020). On multivariable analysis, worsening weakness with @entity12967 was associated with better outcome at the last follow-up, and higher G score at presentation and higher G + M score at discharge were associated with worse outcome at the last follow-up. Magnetic resonance images obtained postoperatively for 104 @entity1 (mean, 19.1    22.5 mo) showed complete resolution or improvement of the presurgical T2 signal abnormalities in 83.6% of cases. Changes in postoperative magnetic resonance image and @entity292 level did not correlate with functional outcomes. CONCLUSION: The degree of @entity717 from SDAFV does not determine who will benefit most from surgery and even @entity1 with severe deficits can improve after treatment. @entity1 with preoperative exertional claudication and without pinprick level on examination have greater chances of postsurgical improvement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Prognostic value of clinical and radiological signs in the postoperative outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter impairment']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['SDAVF', 'spinal dural arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative disability']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['spinal dural arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: We initiated a retrospective study to determine whether @entity876 status and thymidylate synthase (TS) protein expression in primary @entity694 influence recurrence and survival for @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity5 specimens from 45 consecutive untreated @entity1 with @entity5 were examined for @entity876 and TS protein expression using immunohistochemistry. The median follow-up was 5.1 years. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity5 , and 27 had right-sided @entity5 . Fourteen of 45 @entity1 (31%) developed recurrence. @entity876 overexpression was detected in the @entity5 of 18 @entity1 (40%); 10 @entity1 (55%) with @entity876 overexpression recurred; and 4 of 27 (15%) without evidence of @entity876 overexpression recurred (P = 0.002). High TS expression was detected in the @entity5 of 16 @entity1 (36%): 8 @entity1 (50%) with high TS expression recurred, and 6 @entity1 (21%) with low TS expression recurred (P = 0.027). @entity1 with @entity876 overexpression had a significantly poorer survival than did those @entity1 without @entity876 overexpression (P < 0.001). High TS expression was associated with poor survival (P = 0.004). @entity876 overexpression and high TS expression were significantly associated with @entity5 (P = 0.003 and P = 0.022). Thirteen of 16 @entity1 (81%) with high TS expression also overexpressed @entity876 , and 24 of 29 @entity1 (81%) with low TS expression did not manifest @entity876 overexpression (P < 0.001). @entity876 and TS expression in primary @entity5 are associated and appear to influence recurrence and survival. In this pilot study, @entity5 demonstrate significantly more @entity876 overexpression and significantly higher TS expression than do right-sided @entity5 , which may explain the significantly poorer survival for @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: XXXX and thymidylate synthase expression in untreated @entity5 : associations with recurrence, survival, and site.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'stage II colon cancer', 'Tumor', 'left-sided tumors']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Right ventricular ejection fraction (RV-EF) has traditionally been used to measure and compare RV function serially over time, but may be a relatively insensitive marker of change in RV myocardial contractile function. We developed a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) tagging-based technique with a view to rapid and reproducible measurement of RV long axis function and applied it in @entity1 with @entity299 . METHODS: We studied 84 @entity1 : 56 with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF); 28 with @entity118 ( @entity118 ): 13 with and 15 without @entity120 (RV pressure > 40 mmHG by echocardiography). For comparison, 20 healthy controls were studied. CMR acquisitions included an anatomically defined four chamber cine followed by a cine gradient echo-planar sequence in the same plane with a labelling pre-pulse giving a tag line across the basal myocardium. RV tag displacement was measured with automated registration and tracking of the tag line together with standard measurement of RV-EF. RESULTS: Mean RV displacement was higher in the control (26    3 mm) than in rTOF (16    4 mm) and @entity118 with @entity120 (18    3 mm) groups, but lower than in the @entity118 group without (30    4 mm), P < 0.001. The technique was reproducible with inter-study bias    95% limits of agreement of 0.7    2.7 mm. While RV-EF was lower in rTOF than in controls (49    9% versus 57    6%, P < 0.001), it did not differ between either @entity118 group and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of RV long axis displacement by CMR tagging showed more differences between the groups studied than did RV-EF, and was reproducible, quick and easy to apply. Further work is needed to assess its potential use for the detection of longitudinal changes in RV myocardial function.

title: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance tagging of the right ventricular free wall for the assessment of long axis myocardial function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of New Zealand Chinese with @entity162 in regards to medication adherence. METHOD: Nine New Zealand Chinese with @entity162 ( @entity162 ) type I or II who had reasonable performance in role functioning were interviewed and data analysis was guided by an inductive approach. RESULTS: Relationships with doctors had the most impact on the @entity1 ' attitudes towards medication. The majority of the @entity1 in this study went to see Chinese psychiatrists and were professionally linked with Chinese social workers. Meetings with health professionals have been described by the @entity1 as forms of interpersonal interactions. With a deep feeling of trust and respect towards their doctors, the @entity1 felt more positive towards using prescribed medication. In contrast, when the @entity1 experienced feelings of neglect by their doctors they felt less satisfaction towards the treatment. However, when the @entity1 saw Western health professionals, their attitudes towards medication were more related to perceived efficacy of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong need for facilitating the connection between health professionals and clients. Furthermore, it would be useful for educating Chinese clients on how medication works, their side effects, and interaction with other drugs.

title: XXXX and medical adherence: A Chinese perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Bipolar disorder']


abstract: The heregulins (HRGs) are a family of growth factors that bind direction to @entity7514 and @entity12251 and induce @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity1722 via receptor heterodimerization. Since @entity1722 , @entity7514 , and @entity12251 ( @entity12251 ) are often overexpressed in @entity1 @entity0 cells, we produced recombinant HRGs and a HRG-based ligand toxin to investigate the signaling events triggered by HRGs and the ability of these ligands to specifically target such cells. Recombinant HRG beta 2 stimulated the @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity12251 in ZR-75-1 @entity1 @entity0 cells. This was accompanied by the @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity9703 and the formation of complexes between @entity9703 and the adapter protein @entity10240 . Complexes were also detected between @entity9703 and @entity12251 . However, @entity10240 was detected in @entity1722 and @entity12251 but not @entity7514 immunoprecipitates. Thus, these receptors exhibit mechanistic differences in their coupling to Ras signaling, and HRG beta 2 administration triggers multiple inputs into the Ras signaling pathway, involving receptor- @entity10240 , receptor- @entity9703 , and @entity9703 - @entity10240 complexes. HRG beta 2 addition also stimulated the association of @entity7514 with @entity4357 -3-kinase. In accordance with the activation of key mitogenic signaling pathways, HRG beta 2 stimulated the proliferation of MCF-7 and T-47D human @entity0 cells. Moreover, when tested for the ability to stimulate cell cycle re-entry of T-47D cells arrested under serum-free conditions, HRG beta 2 was more effective than insulin, previously the most potent mitogen identified using this system. Finally, a HRG beta 2 PE40 ligand toxin was constructed and found to exhibit cytotoxic activity against @entity1 @entity0 cells overexpressing @entity7514 alone or in combination with @entity12251 and/or @entity1722 .

title: Heregulin (HRG)-induced mitogenic signaling and cytotoxic activity of a HRG/PE40 ligand toxin in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used as antibacterial and antifungal agents in agriculture. Nevertheless, these nanoparticles with newborn properties pose a potential risk to the environment, Due to contact with crops and bacteria that are beneficial to the soil. This study is based on the examination of the phytotoxic effects of AgNPs on @entity579 . and some of its rhizosphere bacteria, by physiological and biochemical assays. In order to study the complex interaction of the AgNPs life expectancy that are mixed with culture medium, the incubation time for the fresh mixture, 7, 14 and 21 days old of AgNPs, on the seedlings growth was investigated. Results indicated that plant's response to the treatment with AgNPs affected on the cell wall, and that with an increase in its concentration (up to 60  g/mL). The obtained results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited that those particles not only penetrated the cell wall, but they could also damage the cell morphology and its structural features. AgNPs treatment up to 30  g/mL accelerated root growth and at 60  g/mL was able to restrict a root's ability to grow. The 30  g/mL treatment had significant effect on root branching and dry weight. In contrast, shoot growth was more susceptible to the effects of AgNPs treatment. The root content for total soluble @entity3363 and starch demonstrated that despite stable starch content, total soluble @entity3363 showed the tendency to significantly decline in response to AgNPs. However, induction of root branching and photosynthetic pigments can attributed to AgNPs stress based on evidence from the production of the reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and local root tissue death. Nine isolates of the genus Bacillus selected and identified according to morphological and chemotaxonomic methods. The AgNPs treatment revolutionized the populations of bacteria as @entity11137 SBURR1 was totally eliminated, and @entity10679 SBURR5 became the most populated one. Images from an electron microscope and the leakage of reducing @entity3363 and protein through the bacterial membrane, similarly confirmed the "pit" formation mechanism of the AgNPs. Moreover the hypothesis from the growth curve study demonstrated that AgNPs may damage bacterium cell wall and transform them to protoplasts.

title: Effect of XXXX nanoparticles on @entity579 . and its rhizosphere bacteria.

entities_list: @entity10679 :: ('1390', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus amyloliquefaciens']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa L']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['sugars', 'carbohydrates']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: @entity786 (CP) is a widely used antineoplastic drug. It tests positive in several genotoxicity assays, including those with endpoints such as chromosomal aberrations in @entity1 cells, mitotic recombination in @entity238 , and dominant lethal mutations in rodents. We have explored the effects of CP on genome stability of @entity19 ( @entity32113 ) spermatogenic cells, using a recombination-based transgenic assay called MUSCATEER. In this system, intrachromosomal gene conversion events between two mutually defective lacZ genes generates beta-galactosidase activity in spermatids. The frequency of gene conversion events is determined by scoring spermatids stained with the lacZ substrate, X-gal. A dose-dependent induction of lacZ-positive spermatids was observed following single intraperitoneal CP exposures of 10, 100, and 200 mg/kg. At 200 mg/kg, there was a 25-fold increase over baseline. Treatment of a control transgenic line containing only a frame-shifted lacZ transgene provided an indication that CP also induced reversion mutations. The timing of the response indicated that the induction of recombination and/or mutation occurred primarily in meiotic stage cells. These results demonstrate potent germline mutagenicity of CP, and validate the utility and sensitivity of genetic recombination as a rapid indicator of genotoxicity in whole animals.

title: Evidence for @entity786 -induced gene conversion and mutation in XXXX germ cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity32113 :: ('10092', 'Species') :: ['Mus domesticus']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity9925 vaccine contaminated with live @entity2235 (SV40), a macaque polyomavirus that is tumorigenic in rodents, was used extensively in the United States between 1955 and 1963. @entity2235 DNA has recently been detected in several rare @entity1 @entity5 , @entity11 , @entity421 , and @entity2615 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of @entity424 , @entity421 , and @entity2615 among Americans who as @entity1 received SV40-contaminated @entity9925 vaccine. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1973-1993) and the Connecticut Tumor Registry (1950-1969), as well as national mortality statistics (1947-1973). SETTING: United States. @entity1 : Birth cohorts that were likely to have received SV40-contaminated @entity9925 vaccine as @entity1 , born 1956 through 1962 (60 811730 @entity1 -years of observation); as @entity1 , born 1947 through 1952 (46430953 @entity1 -years); or that were unexposed, born 1964 through 1969 (44959979 @entity1 -years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risk (RR) of each @entity5 among exposed compared with unexposed birth cohorts. RESULTS: Age-specific @entity5 rates were generally low and were not significantly elevated in birth cohorts exposed to SV40-contaminated vaccine. Specifically, compared with the unexposed, the relative risk of @entity424 was not increased in the cohorts exposed as @entity1 (RR, 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-1.63), or as @entity1 (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.57-1.69) nor did the exposed have an increased risk of all @entity1313 . @entity421 incidence also showed no relation to exposure as @entity1 (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71-1.06) or @entity1 (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.59-1.22). Last, @entity2615 were not significantly associated with exposure, although the cohorts studied have not yet reached the age at which these @entity5 tend to occur. CONCLUSIONS: After more than 30 years of follow-up, exposure to SV40-contaminated @entity9925 vaccine was not associated with significantly increased rates of @entity424 and other @entity1313 , @entity421 , or @entity2615 in the United States.

title: Contamination of @entity9925 vaccines with XXXX (1955-1963) and subsequent @entity5 rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'person', 'infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity2235 :: ('10633', 'Species') :: ['simian virus 40', 'Simian virus 40']

entities_list: @entity9925 :: ('138950', 'Species') :: ['Poliovirus', 'poliovirus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancers']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['including ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity2235 :: (10633,Species) :: ['simian virus 40']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: While adalimumab is licensed for @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), open uncontrolled studies suggest therapeutic efficacy of TNF-inhibitors in juvenile onset @entity1691 (JoAS). METHODS: A total of 32 @entity1 aged 12 to 17 years with severe, active and refractory JoAS were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study of 12 weeks, followed by open-label adalimumab until week 24 for all @entity1 . ASAS40 was used as the primary, and ASAS20, PedACR and single items were used as the secondary outcome measures for the intention to treat population. RESULTS: A total of 17 @entity1 were randomized to receive adalimumab 40 mg/2 weeks and 15 @entity1 received placebo. Two @entity1 (one of each group) discontinued prematurely due to insufficient efficacy and were labeled as non-responders. In the double-blind part, more @entity1 on adalimumab achieved an ASAS40 at week 4 (41%), week 8 (53%) and week 12 (53%) than on placebo (20%, 33%, 33%), while differences at week 8 only reached borderline significance (P = 0.05). Also, at 4, 8 and 12 weeks ASAS20/PedACR30/70 response rates were higher in the adalimumab group (53%/53%/29%; 59%/76%/41%; 53%/65%/53%) compared to placebo (27%/27%/7%; 27%/33%/13%; 33%/40%/27%). In the adalimumab group a significant decrease of all disease activity parameters was noted at week 12 and was even more pronounced at week 24. At week 12 the Bath @entity1691 activity spinal inflammation score decreased by 65% (P <0.001), the back @entity158 score decreased by 50% (P <0.005), the Bath @entity1691 Functional Index (BASFI) score decreased by 47% (P <0.02), while the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (CHAQ-DI) score improved by 65% (P <0.005). ANCOVA analysis demonstrated superiority of adalimumab over placebo for the physician global assessment of disease activity, parents' global assessment of subject's overall well-being, active joint count (all P <0.05) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Adalimumab was well tolerated and highly effective in a double-blind randomized trial in @entity1 with JoAS. Treatment effects rapidly occurred and persisted for at least 24 weeks of treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT 2007-003358-27.

title: Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial with adalimumab for treatment of juvenile onset XXXX (JoAS): significant short term improvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) are encouraged to make an informed decision about dialysis. Survival rates for dialysis are equivalent yet there is wide variation in peritoneal dialysis uptake in the adult UK population. It is unclear how much is attributable to variations in @entity1 ' preferences. Kidney function usually declines over months and years; few studies have addressed how a @entity102 context affects choice. This study describes @entity1 ' decision making about dialysis and understands how the experience of @entity740 is associated with treatment choice. METHOD: Survey employing interview methods explored 20 @entity1 ' views and experiences of making their dialysis choice. Data were analysed using thematic framework analysis to provide descriptive accounts of how @entity1 experienced their illness and made treatment decisions. RESULTS: @entity1 talked about challenges of living with @entity740 . @entity1 were provided with lots of information about treatment options in different formats. @entity1 did not distinguish between different types of dialysis and/or have an in-depth knowledge about options. @entity1 did not talk about dialysis options as a choice but rather as a treatment they were going to have. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 perceived their choice as between 'dialysis' and 'no dialysis'. They did not perceive themselves to be making an active choice. Possibly, @entity1 feel they do not need to engage with the decision until symptomatic. Despite lots of @entity1 information, there were more opportunities to encounter positive information about haemodialysis. A more proactive approach is required to enable @entity1 to engage fully with the dialysis treatment options.

title: Choosing dialysis modality: decision making in a XXXX context.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The perceived function of wild-type @entity876 is suppression of cell proliferation. An alteration in the @entity876 @entity5 suppressor gene is a common defect in @entity1 @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine whether @entity876 expression, as quantified by image analysis, was related to traditional prognostic indicators as well as survival in @entity1 @entity43 . METHODS: Eighty-three consecutive @entity1 with @entity43 had their @entity876 expression studied by immunohistochemical staining and quantified by image analysis. Unless otherwise noted, @entity876 expression was reported as the percentage positive nuclear area staining. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 37 months (median, 30 months; range 24-55 months). In @entity1 with @entity189 of the ovary, the mean @entity876 expression was 29.4%, whereas in @entity1 with other histologies, the mean was 10.5% (P < 0.001). The @entity5 of @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity5 stained significantly higher (mean 28. 7%) than the @entity5 of @entity1 with stage I or II disease (mean 8. 36%) (P < 0.001). The @entity5 of @entity1 with disease which could be optimally cytoreduced stained significantly lower (mean 23.0%) than the @entity5 of @entity1 whose disease was unable to be optimally cytoreduced (mean 28.6%) (P = 0.041). Utilizing survival as the endpoint for multivariate analysis, FIGO stage (P = 0.006), @entity876 expression (P = 0.046), and the level of cytoreduction (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic indicators. CONCLUSION: Image analysis allows quantitative measurements of @entity876 staining. @entity876 staining is significantly higher in advanced-stage, high-grade @entity5 which are unable to be cytoreduced than in early-stage, low-grade @entity5 which can be optimally cytoreduced. @entity876 expression is an independent prognostic indicator of survival in @entity1 with @entity43 .

title: Quantification of XXXX in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinomas', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Alveolar macrophages (AM) and interstitial macrophages (IM) from @entity35 lungs were characterized with respect to morphology, phagocytosis, adhesion properties, and phenotype. AM were recovered by lung lavage and IM by treatment of the lung tissue with DNAse and collagenase. The AM were enzyme treated in the same way as the IM. The IM were smaller than AM and had a higher nuclear to cytoplasm ratio. They had markedly lower phagocytic capacity. The attachment of particles to the cell surface was significantly lower in IM than in AM, but the capacity to ingest the particles was the same. Adherence to @entity4117 - as well as fibronectin-coated surfaces was significantly higher in AM. The phagolysosomal pH was similar in IM and AM, around pH 5, indicating that dissolution of inorganic particles can take place effectively also in IM. Five surface receptors were studied, and the expression differed significantly in all five between AM and IM. The expression of OX-1 ( @entity1008 ), a common leukocyte antigen, was significantly higher on AM as was the expression of CD 71 ( @entity2594 receptor). The receptor density for OX-42 was higher on a fraction of IM. This might be compatible with a stronger interaction between these cells and, for example, matrix components. IM had more surface antigen expressing MHC class Ia (OX-6) and @entity1590 . Both receptors are important for the antigen presentation capacity of macrophages. These findings show profound differences in phenotype between AM and IM and indicate that IM is a highly immunocompetent cell and should not be regarded only as a precursor to AM.

title: Functional, morphological, and phenotypical differences between XXXX alveolar and interstitial macrophages.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop dosimetry verification procedures for volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-based @entity236 ( @entity236 ). The VMAT based @entity236 plans were generated for three @entity1 : one @entity1 and two adults. The planning target volume ( @entity343 ) was defined as bony skeleton, from head to mid-femur, with a 3 mm margin. The plan strategy similar to published studies was adopted. The @entity343 was divided into head and neck, chest, and pelvic regions, with separate plans each of which is composed of 2-3 arcs/fields. Multiple isocenters were evenly distributed along the @entity1 's axial direction. The focus of this study is to establish a dosimetry quality assurance procedure involving both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) volumetric verifications, which is desirable for a large @entity343 treated with multiple isocenters. The 2D dose verification was performed with film for gamma evaluation and absolute point dose was measured with ion chamber, with attention to the junction between neighboring plans regarding hot/cold spots. The 3D volumetric dose verification used commercial dose reconstruction software to reconstruct dose from electronic portal imaging devices (EPID) images. The gamma evaluation criteria in both 2D and 3D verification were 5% absolute point dose difference and 3 mm of distance to agreement. With film dosimetry, the overall average gamma passing rate was 98.2% and absolute dose difference was 3.9% in junction areas among the test @entity1 ; with volumetric portal dosimetry, the corresponding numbers were 90.7% and 2.4%. A dosimetry verification procedure involving both 2D and 3D was developed for VMAT-based @entity236 . The initial results are encouraging and warrant further investigation in clinical trials.

title: Feasibility study on dosimetry verification of volumetric-modulated arc therapy-based XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['total marrow irradiation', 'TMI']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['total marrow irradiation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the utility of the Beck @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) in a sample of terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 by examining the scale properties. Moreover, we sought to identify and remove potentially problematic items in order to ascertain a "purer" index of hopelessness for this population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of 200 hospice inpatients with a life expectancy of less than 6 months. The @entity2653 , as well as several other distress measures, were administered to @entity1 at bedside by trained clinicians. METHODS: An item analysis of the @entity2653 was conducted, looking specifically at item endorsement and item-total correlations. Three abbreviated versions (3-item 7-item, 13-item) were developed based on certain denoted item-total correlation cut-offs. Reliability and validity of the original 20-item @entity2653 was then compared to that of the newly developed abbreviated version. RESULTS: All scales were found to be reliable and valid measures of hopelessness. The three abbreviated versions were more highly correlated with the distress measures than the original version, and the 7-item and 13-item subscales outperformed the original @entity2653 in the prediction of suicidal ideation and desire for hastened @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the @entity2653 may be improved, when applied to a terminally ill sample, by the elimination of problematic items. The development of a shorter, purer measure of hopelessness for this population is crucial given the need to reduce the burden placed on those who participate in end-of-life studies, and the important role of hopelessness in the prediction of suicide and desire for hastened @entity204 .

title: Hopelessness at the end of life: the utility of the hopelessness scale with terminally ill XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'Hopelessness Scale']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity1467 and @entity1778 were studied. A strong male predominance (79%) was found. Age ranged between 18 months and 15 years (mean: 5 6/12); 54% of the @entity1 were less than 4 years of age at the time of diagnosis. A preleukemic phase was noted in 6/24 @entity1 . This phase, characterized essentially by @entity882 , lasted from 2-8 months. @entity1 with @entity4462 had unusual blast cell morphology and involvement of more than one cell line ( @entity11407 , hypolobulated megakaryocytes) and were probably M7 @entity1778 . All @entity1 demonstrated severe @entity1499 @entity137 at standard @entity1499 doses. @entity137 , manifesting @entity2133 ulcerations and @entity236 was seen regardless of the route of administration (oral, intrathecal or intravenous). A 30%-50% reduction of the standard dose was tolerated. @entity1499 absorption and clearance were studied in two @entity1 and were found to be normal. We postulate that the observed @entity137 of @entity1499 may be due to a gene dosage effect for enzymes known to be on chromosome 21 and intervening in @entity10043 metabolism. Increased purine synthesis implies greater @entity26028 demands and therefore greater sensitivity to an antifolate agent.

title: XXXX and @entity1778 : unusual clinical aspects and unexpected @entity1499 sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4462 :: ('MESH:D011289', 'Disease') :: ['preleukemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity26028 :: ('MESH:C030371', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrofolic acid']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11407 :: ('MESH:C566368', 'Disease') :: ['dyserythropoiesis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow depression']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down syndrome']


abstract: To understand the control of @entity5 cell proliferation, we have examined the effects of neurons on a number of @entity1 and rodent @entity11 lines. These included C6, @entity19 , U-251, HTB-16, and A-172 cells of astroglial lineage and G26-20 of bipotential astrocytic and oligodendrocytic lineage. Rapid, specific binding of granule neurons to the @entity1 A-172, HTB-16, and U-251 and @entity19 @entity19 cell lines occurred, after which @entity665 incorporation by these @entity816 cells dropped 2-5-fold within 12 hr. The number of glial cells remained constant for 5-7 d when the glia were cocultured with granule neurons. Thereafter many neurons detached from the glial cells and glial proliferation commenced again. No effects on glial cell number were seen when PC12 cells were substituted for cerebellar granule neurons. To test the mechanism of neuronal control of @entity11 cell growth, we added granule neurons or PC12 cells that had been fixed lightly with @entity1604 , a plasma membrane fraction of purified granule cells, PC12 cells or @entity816 cells, or medium conditioned by either granule cells or a mixed population of cerebellar neurons and astroglia. The proliferation of @entity11 cell lines ceased in the presence of either fixed granule neurons or plasma membranes purified from granule neurons. The addition of fixed PC12 cells or plasma membranes purified from PC12 cells, 3T3 cells, or @entity816 cells had no effect on glial cell growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX cerebellar granule neurons arrest the proliferation of @entity1 and rodent @entity816 cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumor']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['responsive glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: Previous autoradiographic investigations revealed an impaired regeneration of epithelial tissues in acute experimental @entity5507 . It was the aim of the present study to get information about the effect of @entity5507 on the growth and the proliferation kinetics of a solid @entity5 ( @entity189 HB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The partly differentiated @entity189 HB (Dr. C. W. Friis/Ry/Denmark) was examined in adult female @entity19 (C3H/ @entity55807 ). @entity810 was induced by ligation of the right ureter and by @entity1188 of two thirds of the left kidney. A group of animals served for @entity1133 estimation during the first 7 postoperative days. A sham operation was performed in a control group. A starvation effect was avoided by additional tube feeding. Hemoglobin levels and reticulocytes were estimated in @entity5 bearing uremic @entity19 and in a control group to get information about @entity417 in acute @entity5507 . Calculating the @entity5 volume as a sphere with the geometrical mean of two diameters the @entity5 doubling time was derived from the growth curve. The autoradiographic experiments started on the 21th day after transplantation of the @entity5 (= 7th day after experimental @entity5507 and sham operation respectively). The cell cycle was determined by the method of percentage of labeled mitoses. The growth fraction was estimated by continuous labeling method. For details of autoradiographic techniques see F  aux de Lacroix et al. (1973. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: During the first 48 hours the blood @entity1133 increased to more than 230 mg% and then decreased to a level of about 133 mg% at the 7th postoperative day. The blood @entity1133 of control animals was in the range of 50 mg%. Tumor bearing @entity19 revealed an @entity417 (Hb: 8.1 +/- 1.2 g%, reticulocytes 60.1 +/- 36.5%) but no significant differences in hemoglobin levels and reticulocytes counts could be detected in uremic animals (Hb 9.7 +/- 1.7 g%; reticulocytes 31.4 +/- 11.6%). The growth of the @entity5 was @entity73 . The @entity5 doubling time was prolonged from 7.5 days in untreated and sham operated animals to 15 days in uremic @entity19 . This was mainly due to a lowered growth fraction (from about 50% to 20%), and on the other hand to a prolongation of the generation time (from 15.5 to 19 hours) mainly caused by a prolonged Tg1-phase. The cell loss factor remained constant (about 81% in every group). Our findings in the transplantable solid @entity5 of uremic @entity19 were similar to the results observed in the epithelium of the stomach, the intestine and of the skin as well as in erythroblasts especially in regard of the changes of the cell cycle. These observations in various tissues suggest a generally impaired cell proliferation in @entity5507 .

title: [Influence of XXXX on the proliferation kinetics of a solid transplantable @entity189 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired by uremia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure']

answer: @entity5507 :: (MESH:D014511,Disease) :: ['uremia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare uterine balloon therapy and hysteroscopic rollerball endometrial ablation with respect to efficacy and safety in treatment of @entity931 . DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective, randomized study (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING: Fourteen North American university and private practice sites. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing endometrial ablation for @entity931 . INTERVENTION: Rollerball endometrial ablation or uterine balloon therapy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 275 @entity1 randomized to one of these procedures, 255 were treated under the protocol and 214 were followed for 3 years. Results of uterine balloon therapy and rollerball endometrial ablation remained similar, with little difference at 3 years compared with results at 1 year. We noted a suggestion of an increase in hysterectomies in the rollerball group (14) compared with the uterine balloon therapy group (8) at 3 years. CONCLUSION: Endometrial ablation with the ThermaChoice uterine balloon or rollerball continues at 3 years to be a successful method for treating @entity931 , avoiding hysterectomy, decreasing @entity1834 and @entity1109 , and improving quality of life. (J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(1):48-54, 2001)

title: Three-year comparison of thermal balloon and rollerball ablation in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual symptoms']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: Gender differences in outcomes from @entity130 have been described previously, and exogenous female hormone administration appears to be neuroprotective following @entity131 ( @entity131 ). This analysis explored outcomes in pre- and post-menopausal females versus age-matched males. A total of 13,437 @entity1 (n = 3,178 females, n = 10,259 males) with moderate-to-severe @entity131 (head AIS > or = 3) were identified from our county @entity130 registry. Overall mortality was similar between males and females (22% for both). Logistic regression was used to compare gender outcome differences, with a separate analysis performed for premenopausal (< 50 years) versus postmenopausal (> or = 50 years) @entity1 , and after stratification by decade of life. No statistically significant difference in outcomes was observed for pre-menopausal females versus males (odds ratio [OR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83, 1.35; p = 0.633), but outcomes were significantly better in postmenopausal females versus males (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48-0.81, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, mechanism of injury, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS), @entity551 ( @entity13519 < or = 90 mm Hg), head Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Stratification by decade of life revealed the gender survival differential inflection point to occur between ages 40-49 (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.66-1.71, p = 0.798) and ages 50-59 (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20-0.74, p = 0.005). In addition, Revised @entity130 Score and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) was used to calculate probability of survival (PS); all @entity1 were then stratified by decade of life, and males and females were compared with regard to mean survival differential (outcome - PS). The identical pattern of improved outcomes in post-menopausal but not pre-menopausal females versus age-matched males was observed. These data suggest that endogenous female sex hormone production is not neuroprotective.

title: XXXX outcomes in pre- and post- menopausal females versus age-matched males.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'major trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic brain injury']


abstract: The purpose of these studies was to quantify several mRNAs expressed specifically in pancreatic islet cells and known or postulated to be important for insulin release after acute well defined alterations in levels of plasma @entity413 . @entity413 levels were maintained at 50, 120, or 180 mg/dl (2.8, 6.7, or 10 mM) for 3 h in conscious unrestrained @entity35 . @entity4053 (for 3 h) caused significant decreases in pancreatic content of mRNAs for @entity36377 and @entity21144 to 55 and 34% of control values, respectively. There were no significant changes in @entity2833 , @entity18670 , @entity13343 , or glucagon mRNAs. Unprocessed @entity54613 mRNA precursors were decreased to 17 and 10% of levels in controls, consistent with effects of short-term @entity4053 on new mRNA synthesis. @entity4854 (for 3 h) caused no increase in pancreatic content of any mRNA measured. To discriminate between effects of @entity4053 and @entity3190 in the hypoglycemic animals, @entity35 were made hypoglycemic by infusion with etomoxir, a @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase I inhibitor that lowers @entity413 in the fasted (glycogen-depleted) state by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. A single dose of this agent caused a decrease in @entity413 from 120 mg/dl (6.7 mM) to 80 mg/dl (4.4 mM) and significantly decreased insulin mRNA and pre-mRNA. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity413 modulates islet cell gene transcription directly. They indicate that the range of @entity413 concentrations that modulate gene transcription differs from the levels of @entity413 that alter both insulin biosynthetic and secretion rates.

title: @entity4053 but not XXXX induces rapid changes in pancreatic beta-cell gene transcription.

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: AIM: This study compares the efficacy of a walking recovery rehabilitation program with or without specific back exercises in @entity1 affected by unstable extracapsular @entity173 and @entity615 . Further, it reports data and images about analysed tomographic changes of the psoas muscle ipsilateral to @entity174 . METHODS: A prospective, randomized, parallel treatment trial was carried out. @entity1 admitted for rehabilitation after @entity174 were evaluated for @entity615 . If clinically indicated, @entity1 were further scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) scan of the lumbar spine by which we evaluated cross-sectional changes in density and @entity121 . When @entity615 matched cross-sectional changes in psoas density, the @entity1 was eligible for our study, enrolled and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study groups. Both groups were scheduled for hip rehabilitation and walking training plus a back protocol for the study group only. @entity158 was evaluated subjectively with a visual analog scale to calculate treatment effectiveness and Harris hip score was used to assess the outcome after surgery. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 out of about hundred were enrolled. In all cases CT scans showed age-related changes commonly seen in the lumbar spine and significant @entity528 and altered density in the ipsilateral psoas muscles. With back exercises added to the standard rehabilitation protocol, all study @entity1 recovered significantly better than control group @entity1 (P<0.04) in only 4 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION: Results show how @entity173 may cause psoas changes that can be of relevance for a more rational choice of physical exercises. Causes of @entity615 may be more complex than described by the textbooks and prognosis is more favourable following specific back training.

title: Low back pain after unstable extracapsular XXXX : randomized control trial on a specific training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['secondary back pain', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadipose degeneration of the body of the psoas muscle']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadipose degeneration']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity417 caused by different factors is a common complication in @entity1 with @entity101 , but attention has been rarely paid to its detrimental effect on hemodynamic status. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of hemoglobin concentration on hyperdynamic disturbance associated with @entity101 ( @entity101 ). METHODS: According to blood hemoglobin level of 120 g/L, 55 @entity1 with @entity101 were divided into two groups, anemic and nonanemic. Hemodynamic and clinical data of the @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. The data were analyzed separately according to the @entity1 classification in an attempt to avoid the effects of differences on hepatic function. RESULTS: Compared with the nonanemic group, the anemic group had an @entity5691 (7.4+/-1.7 L/min vs. 6.3+/-1.9 L/min, P=0.028), free portal pressure (29.1+/-3.1 mmHg vs. 26.8+/-3.3 mmHg, P=0.012), a decreased mean arterial pressure (84.0+/-10.7 mmHg vs. 97.1+/-12.0 mmHg, P<0.01), and systemic vascular resistance (866+/-215 dyn/s.cm5 vs. 1207+/-317 dyn/s.cm5, P<0.01). Similar results were obtained when @entity1 A and @entity1 B-C @entity1 were analyzed separately. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the concentrations of hemoglobin (standard coefficient=0.31, P=0.01) and albumin (standard coefficient=0.21, P=0.04) were independent factors influencing the systemic vascular resistance in @entity101 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity417 aggravates the hyperdynamic circulation of @entity101 . Hemoglobin concentration is an important variable for evaluating the degree of hemodynamic disturbance in @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Effects of hemoglobin concentration on hyperdynamic circulation associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['PHT', 'portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'Chronic anemia']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Investigation of the @entity24927 mutation spectrum in @entity29466 ( @entity29466 ) in Denmark. METHODS: Index @entity1 from 93 unrelated @entity29466 families were assessed for a common Danish founder mutation ( @entity52266 ) inOPA1. If negative, direct DNA sequencing of the coding sequence and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were performed. Results from MLPA analysis have been previously reported. Haplotype analysis was carried out analysing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Retrospective clinical data were retrieved from medical files. RESULTS: Probably causative mutations were identified in 84 out of 93 families (90%) including 15 novel mutations. Three mutations @entity52267 , @entity52268 and @entity52266 , were responsible for @entity29466 in10, 11 and 28 families, respectively, corresponding to 11%, 12% and 30%. A common haplotype in nine of ten @entity52267 families suggests that they descend from a single founder. The @entity52268 mutation was present on at least two haplotypes and has been repeatedly reported in various ethnic groups,thus represents a mutational hotspot. Clinical examinations of index @entity1 with the two latter mutations demonstrated large inter- and intra-familial variations apparently. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic testing for @entity24927 mutations assist in the diagnosis. We have identified mutations in @entity24927 in 90% of families including 15 novel mutations. Both DNA sequencing and MLPA analysis are necessary to achieve a high detection rate. More than half of the affected families in Denmark are represented by three common mutations, at least two of which are due to a founder effect, which may account for the high prevalence of @entity29466 in Denmark.

title: Dominant optic atrophy in Denmark - report of 15 novel mutations in XXXX , using a strategy with a detection rate of 90%.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29466 :: ('MESH:D015418', 'Disease') :: ['ADOA', 'autosomal dominant optic atrophy']

answer: @entity24927 :: (4976,Gene) :: ['OPA1']


abstract: @entity54532 , @entity54532 , was an antihypertensive drug candidate with alpha 1 adrenoreceptor blockade identified as one of its pharmacologic activities. @entity235 were administered daily doses of 0, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg for 41 weeks. During the study, periodic ophthalmic examinations were performed in addition to electrocardiography, blood pressure measurements, and hematological, clinical biochemical, and urinalysis assessments. At study termination, animals were euthanatized and the following procedures conducted; complete gross pathological examinations; histopathologic examination of lens; biochemical analysis of @entity7462 ; and measurements of drug concentration in plasma, @entity7462 , and lens. Clinical signs observed included miosis, relaxed membrane nictitans, and @entity2147 . Ophthalmic examinations at Week 13 revealed @entity231 at the dose of 10 mg/kg in two of four females. At Week 41, mature bilateral cataracts were observed in four of four females and three of four males administered the 10 mg/kg dose. The @entity231 appeared to develop from the posterior suture lines. No adverse effects on @entity13875 were observed. Significant concentrations of @entity54532 were found in lens and @entity7462 from all dose groups 24 hr following the last dose. These concentrations increased with increasing dose averaging 4 micrograms/ml in the lenses of @entity235 administered 10 mg/kg. Histopathologically, swelling, vacuolation, and dissolution of the lenticular fibers were observed at 10 mg/kg. All other study parameters were unaffected by drug treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity231 in XXXX following subchronic administration of the phenylpiperazine antihypertensive agent @entity54532 .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacities', 'unilateral posterior lenticular opacities']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity54532 :: ('MESH:C048884', 'Chemical') :: ['PD 78787', '3-[4-[4-(3-methylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,4-imidazolinedione']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor composition']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the present study, two different @entity750 re-uptake inhibitors were compared with regard to their efficacy and side effects in the treatment of @entity2754 . METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with complaint of @entity2754 were included in the study. @entity1 ages ranged from 21 to 45 years (mean age 32 +/- 2.6). They had a regular sexual life and were normal after GRISS psychological test and @entity146 evaluation. The @entity1 were randomized into two groups according to the drugs given. Twenty-six @entity1 aged between 21 to 36 years (mean age 27 +/- 1.1) received @entity905 20 mg/day for one week and 40 mg/day thereafter (group I). Thirty-one @entity1 aged between 21 to 45 (mean age 34 +/- 1.7) received @entity3756 50 mg/day (group II). All the @entity1 and partners were re-evaluated 4 and 8 weeks after the treatment. The results were classified as unsuccessful, improvement and cure. Mann Whitney-U and Pearson chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In the @entity905 group, 8 (30.8%) @entity1 cured, improvement in 11 (42.3%) and failure in 7 (26.9%). In the @entity3756 group, 12 (38.7%) @entity1 cured, improvement in 10 (32.3%) and failure in 9 (29%). Side effects in group I were @entity390 in 3, @entity10 in 1 and @entity22 in 2 (total 6 @entity1 , 23%). In group II, we observed @entity390 in 2 and mouth dryness in 6 (total 8 @entity1 , 25.8%). No @entity1 were excluded from the study due to side effects. CONCLUSION: Our results show that different @entity750 re-uptake inhibitors have the same efficacy and side effects in the treatment of @entity2754 .

title: Comparison of XXXX to @entity905 with regard to their efficacy and side effects in the treatment of @entity2754 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity3756 :: (MESH:D020280,Chemical) :: ['sertraline']


abstract: @entity86 after abdominopelvic surgery can be prevented with the use of mechanical barriers such as Seprafilm membranes. However, this procedure is not without complications. Herein are reported 2 cases of Seprafilm-associated @entity298 after gynecologic surgical procedures. Both @entity1 had symptoms that mimicked intraabdominal abscess formation soon after the initial surgery (1 @entity1 had delivered via cesarean section, and the other had undergone total hysterectomy because of @entity1870 ). However, laparoscopic examinations in these 2 @entity1 revealed only gel-like hydrated Seprafilm without evidence of @entity281 . Symptoms resolved after the abdominal cavity was thoroughly irrigated and the Seprafilm residue was completely removed. Both @entity1 had an uneventful recovery. Previous reports suggested that Seprafilm-related complications were most commonly observed in @entity1 who underwent gynecologic debulking surgery because Seprafilm might react with the large area of the injured peritoneum and induce a strong inflammatory response. However, our experience showed that such complications could also be observed in @entity1 who underwent nondebulking surgery. A laparoscopic approach should be considered the treatment of choice under these conditions to avoid unnecessary laparotomy.

title: Laparoscopic management for Seprafilm-induced XXXX with paralytic ileus: report of 2 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative adhesions']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['sterile peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['sterile peritonitis']


abstract: Uretero-arterial @entity292 are rare. The authors report two new cases complicating iliac vascular surgery. These @entity292 occurred in a particular context: aorto-iliac disease, @entity5 and pelvic radiotherapy. Prolonged ureteric catheterisation is a risk factor found in 65% of cases. The clinical diagnosis is difficult and must be suggested in the presence of episodes of haematuria, sometimes minimal and intermittent, but often cataclysmic. The clinical context is highly suggestive of the diagnosis. The most useful complementary investigations are arteriography and retrograde ureteropyelography. Surgical treatment is complex, as it is performed in an emergency context in @entity1 with a poor general state and it must treat both the vascular and the urological problem. Embolization can be proposed in some cases. The prognosis remains serious due to the frequency and severity of @entity260 , which is why this disease must be investigated in all @entity1 at risk.

title: [Uretero-arterial XXXX : report of 2 cases and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) has been prevalent in the field of assisted reproductive technology, yet the long-term risks of @entity74 to offspring remain unknown. In the present study, the early development of @entity74 embryos, postimplantation characteristics, and birth rate following @entity74 were determined. Moreover, the behavior of the offspring conceived from the biopsied embryos was evaluated with the Morris water maze and pole climbing tests. Finally, the epigenetic modification of the global genome and methylation patterns for the @entity7728 , @entity10247 , and @entity39935 imprinted genes were identified. The results indicated a significant delay in the blastocoel formation of @entity74 embryos and a decrease in the implantation ability of these embryos, which was related to the decreased number of cells in the @entity74 blastocysts. The @entity74 @entity19 spent more time on both the nontrained quadrant of the water maze and climbing down the pole. Furthermore, the @entity54926 content in the brain tissues of @entity74 @entity19 was significantly increased, but no difference was found in @entity17154 content. The differentially methylated regions of @entity7728 / @entity10247 exhibited decreased methylation patterns, but that of @entity39935 was normal, compared to the control group. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated that @entity10247 mRNA expression was significantly decreased but that @entity7728 and @entity39935 mRNAs were expressed normally. In conclusion, blastomere biopsies in @entity74 procedures carry potential risks to embryo development and the behavior of resulting offspring; these risks may arise from aberrant epigenetic modification and methylation patterns in brain tissues. Further studies are needed to better understand the risks associated with @entity74 .

title: Aberrant epigenetic modification in XXXX brain tissues of offspring from preimplantation genetic diagnosis blastomere biopsies.

entities_list: @entity17154 :: ('MESH:D044503', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methylcytosine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PGD', 'Preimplantation genetic diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity54926 :: ('MESH:C011865', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxymethylcytosine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the signal characteristics of primary @entity1893 of bone on MRI. DESIGNS AND @entity1 : Ten @entity1 with primary @entity1893 of bone were included in the study. T1- and T2-weighted imaging was performed. The signal intensity of the lesions was compared with that of the surrounding muscle. RESULTS: The results of the MRI were compared with the histological findings. In the majority of cases (5/10) the lesion involved the femur. In one case each the tibia, humerus, ileum, sacrum, and skull, respectively, were affected. A soft tissue mass was present in four cases. In nine of ten cases on T1-weighted imaging the lesion was hypointense. On T2-weighted imaging seven of ten lesions were hypointense compared with muscle, one isointense and, in two cases, part of the lesion showed slightly hyperintense signal. In all ten cases the signal pattern appeared inhomogeneous. Pathological examination showed extensive @entity82 in the majority of cases. CONCLUSION: According to our results there is decreased signal intensity of bone marrow on both T1- and T2-weighted imaging, unlike other primary round cell tumors of bone. Because the diagnoses were established with small tissue biopsies, the reason for these findings is speculative.

title: MRI appearance of primary XXXX of bone.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intimal @entity1373 is the principal mechanism of in-stent restenosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in intimal growth after balloon angioplasty (BA). Little is known, however, about MMP expression after stent implantation (ST). We investigated whether @entity2502 and @entity2501 are differentially expressed after ST and BA. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity753 @entity95 underwent ST and BA in the right and left iliac arteries, respectively. The expression of MMPs and their inhibitors (TIMPs) was studied at various time points in the injured arteries by use of zymography, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. @entity2501 , but not @entity2502 , was constitutively expressed in uninjured arteries. @entity2502 expression was rapidly induced after injury, whereas the increase in @entity2501 expression was delayed. At all time points, pro- @entity2502 activity and @entity2502 mRNA levels were >/=2-fold (ANOVA, P=0.002) and >/=3-fold (P<0.0001) higher after ST than after BA, respectively. Active @entity2502 was detected only after ST. Although the increases in @entity2501 mRNA levels were of similar magnitudes after ST and BA, pro- @entity2501 activity was slightly higher 7 and 30 days after ST, and @entity2501 activity was >/=2-fold higher 7 to 60 days after ST (P=0.002). No difference in TIMP expression was observed between stented and balloon-injured arteries. Cellular distributions of MMPs and @entity21183 were similar after ST and BA. Early inflammatory cell recruitment and 30-day intimal growth were more severe after ST. CONCLUSIONS: Stent implantation results in more intense and sustained expression of @entity2502 and activation of @entity2501 than balloon angioplasty.

title: Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases after stent implantation and balloon angioplasty in the @entity753 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity631 is believed to result commonly from Ab-mediated @entity8 . However, Ab-associated mechanisms alone cannot explain many cases of @entity1 @entity631 . We developed a @entity35 model of human anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease to investigate T cell and Ab response, and their associations with the disease. A single immunization of highly denatured recombinant @entity19 collagen IV alpha3 chain noncollagen domain 1 (rCol4alpha3NC1) induced severe @entity631 in 100% of @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 , 33% of which died of this disease around day 35 postimmunization. The renal pathology demonstrated @entity8 and a mononuclear cell infiltration within the interstitial tissue. T cells from immunized @entity35 responded not only to rCol4alpha3NC1, but also to isolated @entity35 GBM. Sera Abs to rCol4alpha3NC1 were detectable in 100% of the @entity35 , but only 20% of the @entity35 had low levels of Ab to isolated @entity35 GBM by Western blot, and none by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, IgG/M binding to or C3 deposition on endogenous GBM in immunized @entity35 were not detected in most of the experimental @entity35 , and showed no statistical correlation with disease severity. Additionally, no electronic dense deposition in the glomeruli was detected in all @entity35 . Those data revealed a disassociation between the disease and anti-GBM Ab. T cell-mediated mechanisms, which are currently under our investigation, may be responsible for the @entity8 .

title: XXXX induced by recombinant collagen IV alpha 3 chain noncollagen domain 1 is not associated with glomerular basement membrane antibody: a potential T cell-mediated mechanism.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['widespread glomerular damage', 'glomerular disease', 'glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['Glomerulonephritis']


abstract: Approximately 5% to 10% of all @entity1893 contain a t(2;5)(p23;q35) chromosomal rearrangement, which we have previously shown results in the generation of the fusion protein nucleophosmin-anaplastic @entity706 kinase (NPM-ALK). To assess the transforming potential of NPM-ALK in an animal model, we infected @entity1487 -treated @entity19 bone marrow using retroviral stocks and transplanted this infected marrow into lethally irradiated BALB/cByJ @entity19 . Male @entity19 were transplanted with bone marrow from female donors at 10 weeks of age, with 7 of the animals receiving @entity236 with a retroviral construct, pSR alphaMSVtkneo-NPM-ALK, that contains the @entity1 NPM-ALK cDNA, and 4 serving as a control group, receiving "empty" pSR alphaMSVtkneo-infected marrow. Whereas all @entity19 in the control group were alive and well up to 11 months after transplantation, 4 of the 7 @entity19 transplanted with marrow containing the NPM-ALK construct developed @entity706 within 4 to 6 months. @entity5 arose in the mesenteric lymph nodes, with @entity3 to the lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, and the paraspinal area. When cells from the @entity5 and bone marrow were transplanted into sublethally irradiated secondary recipients, 10 of these 13 @entity19 developed @entity5 within 9 months. Immunoblot analysis of cell lysates using an ALK polyclonal antibody showed NPM-ALK expression in all @entity5 examined. Histologically, the @entity5 were composed of a uniform population of large immunoblastic cells with basophilic cytoplasm, centrally placed nuclei, and distinct nucleoli. Genotypic analysis showed that the @entity5 were B-lineage and clonal, with rearrangements of the Ig heavy- and kappa light-chain loci and no rearrangements of the T-cell receptor beta locus. Immunocytochemical studies confirmed the presence of IgM heavy chains and kappa light chains within the @entity5 cells. Thus, in this retroviral gene transfer model, NPM-ALK expression in @entity19 causes B-lineage @entity706 , suggesting a direct causative role for this activated fusion @entity669 kinase in @entity1 @entity706 .

title: Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of NPM-ALK causes @entity706 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'large-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow infected']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']