abstract: A case study is presented of a 40-year-old @entity1 with @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ). He had been treated with long-term institutional placement, electroconvulsive therapy, exhaustive pharmacotherapy, and psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. Nothing had relieved his excessive hand washing and door checking. Records from previous treatment revealed a diagnosis of @entity5748 ( @entity5748 ). This information led to reconceptualization of the @entity3119 symptoms as manifestations of the @entity1 's ego fragmentation. When his fragments were catalogued and addressed, all overt @entity3119 symptoms abated within weeks. It is believed that the @entity1 's most anxious ego fragment communicated dread from the background of the @entity1 's psyche, the executive component only being aware of the @entity148 and not the triggering stimulus. The @entity1 was taught to address this fragment verbally to elicit its cooperation, whereupon the fragment stopped sounding alarm, creating @entity148 and driving the @entity1 to check and recheck, wash and rewash. Symptoms have returned only when the @entity1 has suspended his announcing behavior and have abated when this was resumed. Connections between @entity3119 and @entity5748 are addressed. CONCLUSION: @entity1 exhibiting @entity3119 should be assessed for dissociative symptomatology.

title: Successful treatment of refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'refractory OCD symptoms', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['DID', 'dissociative identity disorder']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cooling induces electromechanical changes in the heart. The aim of the study was to examine how the @entity460 channel blocker, @entity10129 ( @entity22412 ), altered these changes compared to those induced by other drugs that shorten action potential duration such as @entity1022 and @entity7976 . METHODS: @entity840 papillary muscle action potentials and developed force were recorded using the conventional microelectrode technique and a force transducer. Restitution of action potential duration was determined by introducing extrastimuli at progressively longer diastolic intervals from 40 to 9000 ms. Preparations were divided into four groups: (1) no drug (control); (2) 1 microM tetrodotoxin, a @entity1372 channel blocker; (3) 1 mM @entity7976 , an @entity855 sensitive @entity972 channel activator; and (4) 1 microM @entity10129 (n = 6 in each group). Action potential duration and developed force were recorded after addition of drug at 37 degrees C, and at each 1 degree C change in temperature during cooling to 27 degrees C. The restitution protocol was performed at 37 degrees C and 27 degrees C. RESULTS: @entity1022 had no effect on action potential duration at 90% of repolarisation (APD90) while @entity10129 and @entity7976 greatly shortened APD90. Cooling from 37 degrees to 27 degrees C with @entity10129 produced less @entity2332 induced lengthening in APD90 than in the other group. Developed force did not increase with reduction in temperature in the presence of @entity10129 . The range of premature action potential durations was defined as the difference in APD90 at diastolic interval of 40 and 100 ms. This range decreased with @entity10129 in contrast to the marked increases that occurred in the other groups during cooling. CONCLUSIONS: Increased intracellular @entity141 might be responsible for the @entity2332 induced increase in APD90, developed force, and range of premature action potential durations, since @entity460 channel blockade, which prevents an increase in intracellular @entity141 , greatly reduced these changes. The reduced range of premature action potential durations may reduce dispersion of ventricular refractoriness, and hence be expected to decrease @entity2332 induced @entity943 .

title: Prevention of some @entity2332 induced electromechanical changes by XXXX channel blockade.

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin', 'tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity36563 may occur in connection with @entity735 or of other parts of the body. As an isolated @entity735 , it may be inherited in an autosomal recessive or in an autosomal dominant fashion. We have previously mapped genes for both forms of the disease to 12q21. We studied 36 members of three generations of a Black Cuban family with @entity36563 . Three affected males and 11 affected females were examined. Corneal refraction varied between 37.50 and 42.75 diopters. Horizontal corneal diameter ranged from 8.75 to 11.25 mm. The @entity267 was clear and the limbal zone only occasionally widened. A marked @entity20123 was present in six @entity1 aged 30 to 58 years, but in none of their healthy relatives. The anterior chamber was shallow in those affected, varying in depth from 1.68 to 2.38 mm. One @entity1 was blind from @entity2747 . The axial length was within normal limits in all @entity1 .

title: XXXX : clinical findings in a Cuban family and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of the eye', 'ocular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity36563 :: ('MESH:C565158', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant cornea plana', 'Cornea plana']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['closed-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity20123 :: ('MESH:D001112', 'Disease') :: ['arcus senilis']

answer: @entity36563 :: (MESH:C565158,Disease) :: ['Autosomal dominant cornea plana']


abstract: @entity0 death rate has remained stable at 26 per 100,000 for over 50 years. This control failure is due in large part to difficulty in early diagnosis. Combined clinical evaluation, mammography and fine needle aspiration (FNA) offer the best opportunity for early diagnosis. Non-directed FNA is a useful adjunctive technique and three illustrative cases are presented. @entity5 evolves from proliferative epithelial disease of ducts and lobules. @entity1373 in association with family history is a pertinent marker for development of @entity5 . Identification of @entity75 traditionally occurs after surgical biopsy and histopathologic review. FNA demonstrates patterns of both duct @entity1373 and @entity1373 . Ploidy studies of such smears offer the possibility of selecting @entity1613 for extirpation. A combination of directed and undirected punctures and ploidy studies may yield early diagnosis of @entity1613 .

title: XXXX : early diagnosis of precursor lesions and clinically inapparent carcinoma by fine needle aspiration.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical duct hyperplasia', 'Atypical duct hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who have @entity2720 sometimes complain of knee @entity158 as well as hip joint @entity158 . However, the precise sensory innervation pattern and correlation of the sensory nerves of the hip joint and knee are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with dichotomizing axons projecting to both the hip joint and the knee skin in @entity35 using double fluorescent labeling techniques, and to examine characteristics of the DRG neurons with dichotomizing axons using immunohistochemical staining for inflammatory neuropeptides such as @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ). METHODS: For 20 @entity35 , two kinds of neurotracers, Fluoro-Gold (FG) and @entity9717 ( @entity18516 ), were used in the double-labeling study. FG was injected into the left hip joint, and @entity18516 was applied to the left medial portion of knee skin. Ten days after application, bilateral DRGs were harvested and immunohistochemically stained for @entity4655 . RESULTS: DRG neurons double labeled with FG and @entity18516 were observed only from L2 to L4 on the left side. Approximately 1.6% of all DRG neurons innervating the @entity572 had other axons that extended to the medial portion of knee skin, and 35% of double-labeled neurons were @entity4655 positive. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the double-labeled neurons had peripheral axons that dichotomized into both the hip joint and the knee skin. @entity4655 -positive neurons of these dichotomizing fibers may play some role in the manifestation of referred knee @entity158 with @entity158 .

title: Dorsal root ganglion neurons with dichotomizing axons projecting to the hip joint and the knee skin in @entity35 : possible mechanism of referred knee @entity158 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joints']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hip joint diseases']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'hip joint pain', 'area pain']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity9717 :: ('MESH:C024286', 'Chemical') :: ["1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate"]

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['hip joint disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, lasers have been used in @entity4891 therapy and some successful results have been obtained in some types of @entity4891 . In some of these laser studies, peeling processes have been used to increase penetration. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of pulsed dye laser ( @entity10662 ) therapy with the effects of @entity10662 therapy following @entity3785 (SA) application. The purpose of the SA application is to increase the laser penetration by decreasing the @entity5656 of @entity4891 . METHODS: This controlled study included 66 lesions from 19 @entity1 enrolled in the study. @entity10662 was applied to 33 lesions following 30% SA application twice a day for 5 days, and the remaining 33 lesions underwent @entity10662 therapy. @entity10662 was administered in both groups at 4-week intervals varying from one to five sessions. In the comparison of these two groups, the changes in @entity4891 dimensions were recorded in width x length x height (mm3), and the results of the therapy were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: In both @entity10662 and SA + @entity10662 groups, the regressions observed in the size of the lesions were statistically significant at the end of the fifth session compared with those observed at the onset of the therapy (P < 0.05). At the end of the fifth session, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.451); however, the clearance rate in the SA + @entity10662 group was more statistically significant than that in the @entity10662 group after the second session (P = 0.049). The complete clearance rate in the SA + @entity10662 group was 54.6% after the second session, but 66.4% in the @entity10662 group only after the fifth session. Complete clearance in the SA + @entity10662 group was observed after 2.2 sessions, and in the @entity10662 group after 3.1 sessions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no difference between the clearance rate of the SA + @entity10662 group and that of the @entity10662 group after the fifth session, adding SA to @entity10662 decreased the number of sessions to a large extent.

title: XXXX : pulsed dye laser therapy compared with @entity3785 + pulsed dye laser therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4891 :: ('MESH:D014860', 'Disease') :: ['verruca vulgaris', 'verruca']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

answer: @entity4891 :: (MESH:D014860,Disease) :: ['Verruca vulgaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether @entity5 heterogeneity, quantified by texture analysis (TA) on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), can predict response to chemotherapy in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Fifty-three CECT studies of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 who had undergone first-line chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Response to chemotherapy was evaluated according to RECIST1.1. @entity5 uniformity was assessed by a TA method based on Laplacian of Gaussian filtering. The resulting parameters were correlated with treatment response and overall survival by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-one out of 53 @entity1 were non-responders and 22 were responders. Average overall survival was 13 months (4-35), minimum follow-up was 12 months. In the @entity420 group (n   =   31), the product of @entity5 uniformity and grey level (GL*U) was the unique independent variable correlating with treatment response. Dividing the GL*U (range 8.5-46.6) into tertiles, lesions belonging to the second and the third tertiles had an 8.3-fold higher probability of treatment response compared with those in the first tertile. No association between texture features and response to treatment was observed in the non- @entity420 group (n   =   22). GL*U did not correlate with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: TA on CECT images in advanced @entity2220 provides an independent predictive indicator of response to first-line chemotherapy.

title: Texture analysis of advanced XXXX ( @entity1149 ) on contrast-enhanced computed tomography: prediction of the response to the first-line chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcatheter closure is an accepted mode of treatment in selected cases of @entity299 . Lately, this technology has been applied to closure of @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed percutaneous transcatheter closure of @entity1757 in 30 @entity1 . The location of @entity1757 was perimembranous in 28 @entity1 and muscular trabecular in 2. Two (7%) @entity1 also had @entity1002 . There were 17 male subjects and 13 female subjects, with an age range of 5. 5 to 33 years (mean +/- SD, 12.9 +/- 5.7; median 12.2). The diameter of @entity1757 ranged from 3 to 8 mm (mean +/- SD 4.7 +/- 1.3; median 4.5). In 5 (17%) @entity1 , the @entity358 (Qp/Qs) was >/=2.1 (range 2.0 to 2.6). The defect was at least 6 or 8 mm from the aortic valve in @entity1 in whom a 12- or 17-mm Rashkind double umbrella device was deployed, respectively. In 1 @entity1 , the defect was closed with a detachable stainless steel coil, size 8 mm, with 4 loops (8 x 4). The devices were successfully deployed in 87% of @entity1 . In 6 (20%) @entity1 , the procedure had to be repeated primarily because of the use of undersized umbrella deices. Unsuccessful deployment of the device occurred in 4 (13%) @entity1 . In one of these procedures, the coil embolized to the @entity358 , and it was successfully retrieved. A minimal residual shunt seen as a thin streak on transthoracic color flow mapping persisted in 8 (30%) @entity1 , which remained unchanged over a follow-up period of 5 to 28 (17.1 +/- 6.4) months. Both @entity1 with left ventricular/right atrial communication showed complete abolition of the shunt. No @entity1 developed new-onset aortic or tricuspid regurgitation or @entity2142 . At follow-up, no @entity1 had developed @entity884 , @entity5036 , or late @entity340 . CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter closure is safe and efficacious in selected cases of perimembranous and muscular @entity1757 .

title: Transcatheter device closure of XXXX : immediate results and intermediate-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary to systemic blood flow', 'left pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular-right atrial communication']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defects']


abstract: The constitutive expression by eight @entity1 @entity150 cell lines of the cell adhesion molecules @entity33425 was studied using monoclonal antibody probes in conjunction with flow-cytometry. Tumour lines of low grade (G1) did not constitutively express @entity2071 , rather they were found to express @entity10985 . The G2 cells expressed no @entity10985 , however, a low percentage did express @entity2071 . High grade cells (G3) only expressed @entity2071 on their cell surface but at higher levels than the G2 cell line. Exposure of the @entity150 cell lines to @entity379 induced and augmented the expression of @entity2071 by all except one of the cell lines (UMUC3). @entity10985 expression remained unaltered. The modulation of @entity2071 expression was dependent on the concentration of @entity379 and the duration of stimulus. De novo @entity2071 expression, induced by @entity379 , was rapid (< 4 hours) with only a short period of stimulation being required (< 10 seconds). The rapid increase in expression of @entity2071 required de novo protein synthesis and was not the result of release of @entity2071 from an intracellular pool. @entity379 and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha were found to act synergistically in the induction and augmentation of @entity2071 expression. Optimal induction occurred with 10 Uml-1 of both molecules. These results suggest a correlation between constitutive adhesion molecule expression and the histopathological grade of the @entity5 . The implications of these findings for Bacillus Calmette Guerin and @entity379 immunotherapy of @entity150 is discussed.

title: Expression of adhesion molecules by XXXX cells: modulation by @entity379 and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity33425 :: ('3383;3384', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-2']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity10985 :: ('3384', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-2', 'Intercellular adhesion molecule-2']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Among the possible techniques to obtain the pressure-volume (P x V) curve at the bedside the low @entity450 ( @entity450 ) is the easiest and quickest one. However, the best value for @entity450 to perform a good semi-static P x V curve is still to be determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of 4 different CFs (1, 2, 5, and 10 L/min) on determination of lower inflection point of the P x V curve (L-Pflex) and upper inflection point of the P x V curve (U-Pflex) on the maximum slope and on the inspiratory work of breathing (up to volume of 1.35 L; inspiratory work L/cm @entity2507 ), comparing the volume estimated from the @entity450 with the measured volume obtained by the respiratory inductive plethysmograph. The design was a prospective study, and the setting was an adult medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. There were 7 @entity649 ( @entity649 ) @entity1 , less than 5 days of installation, after the standardization of lung volume history received sequentially from 4 different low inspiratory CFs in 2 trials. The P x V curve lasted from 73 +/- 1.6 s (1 L/min) to 8.8 +/- 0.69 s (10 L/min). The L-Pflex differed in the 2 performed trials (p = 0.04). There was no difference of L-Pflex among the 4 CFs comparing the 3 methods (p = 0.072) used for its calculation as well as comparing the estimated and the measured volume (p = 0.456). The maximum slope decreased significantly while increasing the flow from 1 to 10 L/min just in the estimated volume (p = 0.03). The inspiratory work did not increase with the increment of the flow either in the estimated volume (p = 0.217) or in the measured volume (p = 0.149). The U-Pflex differed among the trials (p = 0.003) and the methods used for its calculation (p < 0.01). Constant flows from 1 to 10 L/min can equally determine L-Pflex in @entity649 @entity1 and is an easy and quick way to obtain the L-Pflex in order to optimize positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) in @entity649 @entity1 .

title: Different low constant flows can equally determine the lower inflection point in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['constant flow', 'CF']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As part of our clinical experience we encountered a group of @entity1 from a specific population with a similar peculiar pigmentation over the lower dorsal spine. OBJECTIVE: We investigated these @entity1 to see whether we could determine a common origin. METHODS: @entity1 meeting the inclusion criteria underwent detailed history and complete physical examination; biopsy specimens from 3 @entity1 were studied. RESULTS: All 13 @entity1 were full-time male students at Orthodox Jewish Talmudic seminaries (Yeshivas). The lesion consisted of an elongated, vertical, midline, hyperpigmented patch with indistinct borders, which was distributed along the skin overlying the bony protuberances of the inferior thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. It was often unrecognized by the @entity1 . Mean body mass index was lower than that for the general population. Histologic study showed a marked @entity5656 and @entity5072 with @entity2117 . We attributed the phenomenon to friction from the rigid backrests against the cutaneous surface of the lower back generated by the characteristic swaying activity that traditionally accompanies Torah study or "davening" (praying) and termed it Davener's @entity272 . CONCLUSION: We believe this phenomenon represents a new form of benign friction @entity2117 . This report highlights the importance of a thorough history in @entity1 presenting with @entity66 .

title: Davener's @entity272 : a variant of friction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesions']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic epidermis']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hypermelanosis', 'diffuse hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatosis']

answer: @entity2117 :: (MESH:D017495,Disease) :: ['hypermelanosis']


abstract: A kinematic model has been developed for simulation and prediction of the prehensile capabilities of the @entity1 hand. The kinematic skeleton of the hand is characterized by ideal joints and simple segments. Finger-joint angulation is characterized by yaw (abduction-adduction), pitch ( @entity5295 ) and roll (axial rotation) angles. The model is based on an algorithm that determines contact between two ellipsoids, which are used to approximate the geometry of the cutaneous surface of the hand segments. The model predicts the hand posture (joint angles) for power grasp of ellipsoidal objects by 'wrapping' the fingers around the object. Algorithms for two grip types are included: (1) a transverse volar grasp, which has the thumb abducted for added power; and (2) a diagonal volar grasp, which has the thumb adducted for an element of precision. Coefficients for estimating anthropometric parameters from hand length and breadth are incorporated in the model. Graphics procedures are included for visual display of the model. In an effort to validate the predictive capabilities of the model, joint angles were measured on six subjects grasping circular cylinders of various diameters and these measured joint angles were compared with angles predicted by the model. Sensitivity of the model to the various input parameters was also determined. On an average, the model predicted joint flexion angles that were 5.3% or 2.8 degrees +/- 12.2 degrees larger than the measured angles. Good agreement was found for the @entity806 and @entity4552 joints, but results for @entity3130 were more variable because of its dependence on the predictions for the proximal joints.

title: A kinematic model of the XXXX hand to evaluate its prehensile capabilities.

entities_list: @entity5295 :: ('MESH:D054908', 'Disease') :: ['flexion-extension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fatty changes at vertebral corners have been reported on MRI in @entity1691 but the distribution or specificity of these lesions to early axial @entity5145 (axial- @entity11028 ) has not been determined. OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic utility of fatty @entity75 (FRLs) for axial- @entity11028 in a population with @entity615 . METHODS: Axial-skeleton TI SE and fat-suppressed MRI were performed on 174 @entity1 with back @entity158 and 11 controls. MRI lesions including FRLs were scored blind. An imaging diagnosis was given on MRI findings alone and compared with the 'gold standard' treating doctor's diagnosis. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 had FRLs: 31% (20/64) of @entity1 with @entity5145 , 13% (6/45) with degenerative @entity625 , 4% (2/45) with @entity5 , 5% (1/20) with 'other' diagnoses; none of 11 normal subjects had FRLs. The majority of the FRLs in @entity11028 60% (135/226) were present in the thoracic spine. The diagnostic utility of FRLs for @entity11028 (likelihood ratio (LR) = 4.7) was significantly (p<0.05) greater than for other diagnoses and increased further (LR = 12.6, p<0.05) when more than five FRLs were present. Of note 5/20 (25%) @entity1 with @entity11028 with FRLs had no diagnostic @entity79 on fat-suppressed MRI, suggesting that FRLs may be useful diagnostically in axial- @entity11028 . CONCLUSION: This study defines the FRL as a diagnostic imaging feature of axial- @entity11028 , which may be useful where inflammatory changes are absent on fat-suppression MRI and where radiography is normal.

title: The fatty @entity75 : a non-inflammatory spinal MRI lesion specific for axial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Romanus lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone-oedema lesions']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

answer: @entity5145 :: (MESH:D025242,Disease) :: ['spondyloarthropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In many cells, depletion of intracellular @entity460 ( @entity141 ) reservoirs triggers @entity141 entry through store-operated @entity141 channels in the plasma membrane. However, the mechanisms of agonist-induced @entity460 entry (ACE) in keratinocytes are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine if pharmacological inhibition of @entity460 -independent phospholipase A ( @entity30076 )) impairs ACE in normal @entity1 epidermal keratinocytes. METHODS: Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to monitor the dynamics of @entity141 signalling in keratinocytes loaded with the @entity460 -sensitive dye @entity20048 . Cells were stimulated with extracellular @entity2036 [ @entity855 ( @entity855 ) or @entity856 ( @entity856 )] or with @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ), a bioactive lipid that regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS: Both @entity855 and @entity856 induced @entity141 release in primary @entity1 keratinocytes. This was not followed by robust @entity141 influx when the experiments were performed in low @entity141 (70 micromol L(-1)) medium. Upon elevation of extracellular @entity141 to 1.2 mmol L(-1), however, a biphasic response consisting of an initial @entity141 peak followed by an elevated plateau was observed. The plateau phase was inhibited when cells were treated with @entity35844 , a specific pharmacological inhibitor of @entity30076 ). These findings indicate that @entity30076 ) activity is required for ACE in keratinocytes. @entity4991 also evoked @entity141 release in keratinocytes but failed to induce sustained @entity141 entry even when extracellular @entity141 was elevated to 1.2 mmol L(-1). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate for the first time an important role for @entity30076 ) in regulating ACE in primary @entity1 keratinocytes.

title: Inhibition of @entity460 -independent phospholipase A impairs agonist-induced XXXX entry in keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity856 :: ('MESH:D014544', 'Chemical') :: ['uridine triphosphate', 'UTP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity35844 :: ('MESH:C068314', 'Chemical') :: ['bromoenol lactone']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Prognostic tests for @entity1 with @entity5 may provide needed guidance on postoperative surveillance and therapeutic decisions. We used a novel strategy to develop and validate a prognostic classifier for @entity5 . Specifically, we focused on 42 genes with @entity2 or @entity5 prognosis. Expression of these biologically relevant genes and their association with @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) were evaluated using microarray data from 148 @entity1 with @entity2 . Seven genes associated with @entity4557 were further examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in 291 lung @entity420 tissues from Japan, the United States, and Norway. Only @entity5345 , @entity7738 , @entity21158 , and @entity15200 were each significantly associated with prognosis in the Japan and US/Norway cohorts. A Cox regression-based classifier was developed using these four genes on the Japan cohort and validated in @entity2 from the US/Norway cohort and three publicly available lung @entity420 expression profiling datasets. The results suggest that the classifier is robust across ethnically and geographically diverse populations regardless of the technology used to measure gene expression. We evaluated the combination of the four-gene classifier with miRNA @entity10017 ( @entity10017 ) expression and found that the combination improved associations with prognosis, which were significant in stratified analyses on stage IA and stage IB @entity1 . Thus, the four coding gene classifier, alone or with @entity10017 expression, may provide a clinically useful tool to identify high-risk @entity1 and guide recommendations regarding adjuvant therapy and postoperative surveillance of @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: Combination of protein coding and noncoding gene expression as a robust prognostic classifier in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage lung cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['stage I lung adenocarcinoma', 'roles in lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['stage I lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Genetic parameters were estimated in a joint analysis of log(e)-transformed somatic cell count (TSCC) with either @entity1271 as a binary trait ( @entity4262 ) or the number of @entity1271 cases (NMAS) in Holstein-Friesian @entity291 for the first 3 lactations using a random regression model. In addition, a multi-trait analysis of @entity4262 and NMAS was also implemented. There were 67,175, 30,617, and 16,366 @entity291 with records for TSCC, @entity4262 , and NMAS in lactations 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The frequency of @entity4262 was 14, 20, and 25% in lactations 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The model for TSCC included herd-test-day, age at calving and month of calving, fixed lactation curves nested with calving year groups, and random regressions with Legendre polynomials of order 2 for animal and permanent environmental effects. The model for @entity4262 and NMAS included fixed herd-year-season, age at calving and month of calving, and random animal and permanent environmental effects. All analyses were carried out using Gibbs sampling. Estimates of mean daily heritability averaged over a 305-d lactation were 0.11, 0.14, and 0.15 for TSCC for lactations 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Corresponding heritability estimates for @entity4262 were 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09. The heritabilities for NMAS were similar at 0.06, 0.07, and 0.12, respectively, for lactations 1, 2, and 3. The genetic correlations between lactations 1 and 2, 1 and 3, and 2 and 3 were 0.75, 0.64, and 0.92 for computed 305-d lactation TSCC; 0.55, 0.48, and 0.89 for @entity4262 ; and 0.62, 0.42, and 0.85 for NMAS, respectively. The genetic correlations between @entity4262 and TSCC were positive and generally moderate to high. The genetic correlations between computed 305-d lactation TSCC and @entity4262 were 0.53, 0.61, and 0.68 in lactations 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Similar corresponding genetic correlations were obtained between computed 305-d lactation TSCC and NMAS in the respective parities. @entity1271 as a binary trait and NMAS in the same lactation were very highly correlated and were genetically the same trait. It is intended that the new parameters will be used in setting up a national evaluation system for the joint analysis of TSCC and @entity4262 .

title: Joint estimation of genetic parameters for test-day somatic cell count and XXXX in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['mastitis', 'Mastitis']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: Moulting fluid of pharate adult @entity4079 moths, @entity4079 , contains a novel cuticle-degrading proteinase, designated as MFP-1. The enzyme has been purified using heparin affinity chromatography and partially characterized. Before purification MFP-1 is associated with a large complex having an apparent native molecular mass > 669 kDa. After purification MFP-1 has a molecular mass of 41 kDa. The pI of the enzyme is 5.54. MFP-1 can be classified as generally trypsin-like on the basis of its substrate specificity and inhibition by @entity1460 trypsin inhibitor. The enzyme's preferred substrate, @entity48325 , its inhibition by hirudin, and its affinity for heparin, all indicate that MFP-1 has some characteristics in common with the vertebrate blood-clotting enzyme thrombin. MFP-1 is probably a @entity563 protease, since it is inhibited by both DFP and PMSF (specific inhibitors of @entity563 proteinases). However, the enzyme was also inhibited by a number of agents that affect @entity462 proteinases. Purified MFP-1 degrades Manduca cuticle in vitro. We suggest that the enzyme may act as the first step in the degradation of the cuticle during the moulting process.

title: A cuticle-degrading proteinase from the moulting fluid of the XXXX , @entity4079 .

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta', 'tobacco hornworm']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity48325 :: ('MESH:C014413', 'Chemical') :: ['Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA']

answer: @entity4079 :: (7130,Species) :: ['tobacco hornworm']


abstract: AIMS: To conduct a clinical electrophysiologic evaluation of @entity4148 in @entity1 with @entity8511 and @entity191 and estimate the type and intensity of the @entity5433 . METHODS: The study involved 83 subjects-33 with @entity8511 , 20 with @entity191 , and 30 controls. The BMS group included 27 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 (median age, 60.0 years), and the @entity191 group included 15 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 (median age, 66.5 years). In the control group, there were 20 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 (median age, 59.0 years). All @entity1 were subjected to autonomic nervous system testing. In addition to the Low @entity4148 questionnaire, heart rate variability (HRV), deep breathing (exhalation/inspiration [E/I] ratio), and sympathetic skin response (SSR) tests were performed in all cases. Parametric and nonparametric tests (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Scheffe tests) were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean values for HRV and E/I ratios were significantly lower in the @entity8511 and @entity191 groups. Significant prolongation of SSR latency in the foot was revealed in both @entity8511 and @entity191 @entity1 , and lowering of the SSR amplitude occurred in only the @entity191 group. The autonomic questionnaire score was significantly higher in @entity8511 and @entity191 @entity1 than in the control subjects, with the @entity191 group having the highest scores. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity8511 , a significant impairment of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems was found but sympathetic/parasympathetic balance was preserved. The incidence and @entity16 was similar in @entity1 with @entity8511 and @entity191 , which may suggest some similarity in their pathogeneses.

title: The characteristics of autonomic nervous system disorders in XXXX and @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8511 :: ('MESH:D002054', 'Disease') :: ['burning mouth syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['intensity of autonomic nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system functions', 'autonomic disorder']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity8511 :: (MESH:D002054,Disease) :: ['burning mouth syndrome']


abstract: We evaluated the effects of arthroscopic wrist synovectomy for @entity1 with advanced @entity309 . We retrospectively reviewed data for 11 @entity1 with moderately advanced @entity625 and joint space narrowing of 25% to 50% (Group A) treated from May 1993 to March 2000. We compared effects of these @entity1 with effects of six @entity1 with @entity66 and joint space narrowing of 0% to 25% (Group B). For Group A, the total modified Mayo wrist scores increased from an average of 26.36 points preoperatively to an average of 56.36 points postoperatively. Postoperative scores for @entity158 and return to work status, and two components of the modified Mayo wrist score also showed differences compared with the respective preoperative scores. There was an increase in final followup scores in return to work status and total modified Mayo wrist scores. Group A showed larger differences than Group B. Our data suggest that arthroscopic synovectomy is a useful treatment for modest and moderate stages of @entity309 . It is especially effective for decreasing @entity158 and improving function, allowing @entity1 to return to work. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level III. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Arthroscopic synovectomy in wrists with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['earlier disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine changes in urinary excretion of @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio in a community-based health education program on salt reduction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The surveyed community was Kyowa town (census population in 1985 = 16,792) where we have conducted a community-based blood pressure control program since 1981 and health education on reduction of salt intake since 1983 for primary prevention of @entity101 . A 24-hour urine collection was conducted for systematically selected samples of the @entity1 aged 40-69 in cardiovascular risk surveys in 1982-86 (early period) and in 1990-94 (later period) to estimate changes in urine excretion of @entity1372 , @entity972 , and @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio. RESULTS: A 24-hour urine collection was available for 565 @entity1 (410 @entity1 and 155 @entity1 ) in 1982-86 and 1,461 @entity1 (571 @entity1 and 890 @entity1 ) in 1990-94. A decline in mean @entity1372 excretion was larger in ages 40-49 than in other age groups, and for ages 40-69 combined, the decline was 0.9-1.1 g per day for @entity1 and @entity1 . Mean @entity1372 excretion declined to 10 g or less per day for @entity1 and @entity1 aged 60-69. Mean @entity972 excretion did not change except for @entity1 aged 60-69 with an increase in @entity972 . @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio tended to decline for @entity1 aged 40-49, and declined significantly for other sex-age groups. A larger reduction in @entity1372 excretion was seen among @entity1 with a history of @entity101 compared to those without it. CONCLUSIONS: A significant reduction in urinary excretion of @entity1372 and @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio was observed in a community-based health education program. @entity1 and @entity1 aged 60-69 reached a recommended level of 10 g or less in @entity1372 intake.

title: [Changes in 24-hour urinary excretion of @entity1372 and XXXX in a community-based heath education program on salt reduction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The value of antibiotics in acute rhinosinusitis is uncertain. Although @entity1180 is commonly diagnosed and treated in general practice, no effectiveness studies have been done on unselected primary-care @entity1 . We used a randomised, placebo-controlled design to test the hypothesis that there would be an improvement associated with @entity115 treatment for @entity1180 @entity1 presenting to general practice. METHODS: Adult @entity1 with suspected @entity1180 were referred by general practitioners for radiographs of the maxillary sinus. Those with @entity854 (n = 214) were randomly assigned treatment with @entity115 (750 mg three times daily for 7 days; n = 108) or placebo (n = 106). Clinical course was assessed after 1 week and 2 weeks, and reported relapses and complications were recorded during the following year. FINDINGS: After 2 weeks, symptoms had improved substantially or disappeared in 83% of @entity1 in the study group and 77% of @entity1 taking placebo. @entity115 did not influence the clinical course of @entity1180 nor the frequency of relapses during the 1-year follow-up. Radiographs had no prognostic value, nor were they an effect modifier. Side-effects were recorded in 28% of @entity1 given @entity115 and in 9% of those taking placebo (p < 0.01). The occurrence of relapses was similar in both groups (21 vs 17%) during the follow-up year. INTERPRETATION: Antibiotic treatment did not improve the clinical course of @entity1180 presenting to general practice. For these @entity1 , an initial radiographic examination is not necessary and initial management can be limited to symptomatic treatment. Whether antibiotics are necessary in more severe cases warrants further study.

title: Primary-care-based randomised placebo-controlled trial of antibiotic treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis', 'acute maxillary sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxycillin', 'amoxycillin']

answer: @entity1180 :: (MESH:D015523,Disease) :: ['acute maxillary sinusitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore whether @entity3069 complex (MAC) strains isolated from @entity791 @entity1 produce and secrete @entity224 dismutase (SOD). DESIGN: SOD was assayed in the crude extracts and in cell-free medium of 18 MAC strains (MAC 101, LR and SK strains) isolated from @entity791 @entity1 to determine intracellular and extracellular activity. The SODs were characterized by PAGE and by their sensitivity to @entity2769 , @entity3789 and @entity273 . RESULTS: SOD activity was detected in cell extracts as well as in extracellular medium of all @entity791 -MAC strains. PAGE demonstrated a single activity band for each strain, though there were differences in mobility. All LR strains demonstrated an activity band with Rf = 0.30, while SOD band for MAC 101 and for SK strains migrated further (Rf = 0.87). The differences in mobility correlated with differences in sensitivity to @entity4627 and @entity274 . The SOD activity of LR strains was irreversibly inhibited 100% by 5 mM @entity274 , and exhibited greater sensitivity to @entity4627 , suggesting the presence of @entity68 in the enzyme. The SOD activity of SK strains and MAC 101, however, was not inhibited by 5 mM @entity274 but was inhibited to a lesser extent by @entity4627 , which is characteristic of a @entity921 -containing SOD. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that MAC strains are rich in @entity921 - or @entity68 -containing SOD, which could contribute to the organism's resistance to the oxidative burst of activated macrophages. The secretion of SOD may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MAC strains.

title: @entity224 dismutase activity of @entity3069 complex (MAC) strains isolated from XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: The role of @entity5715 for IgG and IgE responses to pertussis toxin (PT), as well as for side effects, was investigated in 49 @entity1 with known @entity402 . Primary immunization had been given with an adsorbed monocomponent or an adsorbed two-component acellular pertussis vaccine. The @entity1 were then randomized to receive a booster immunization with either @entity5715 -adsorbed or non-adsorbed, whole cell, pertussis vaccine. Both vaccines induced good IgG responses with the adsorbed vaccine giving higher post-booster levels (p < 0.05). The adsorbed vaccine was, however, associated with more local side effects (p < 0.05) and tended to induce higher PT-IgE responses than the non-adsorbed vaccine. Furthermore, individuals who had received the two-component vaccine as primary immunization had higher PT-IgE responses after the booster, compared with individuals initially receiving the monocomponent vaccine (p = 0.041). No correlation between PT-IgE and PT-IgG levels was seen in any of the groups. Total serum IgE levels correlated to PT IgE levels, particularly in @entity1 with atopy (r = 0.950, p < 0.001). The addition of @entity5715 to the pertussis vaccine, was, thus, associated with a stronger IgG antibody response, but tended also to induce a stronger IgE antibody response. The correlation between total IgE and PT-IgE, which was most prominent in @entity1 with atopy, indicates that the role of immunization for the development of @entity566 merits further studies.

title: Immunoglobulin E and G responses to pertussis toxin after booster immunization in relation to atopy, local reactions and XXXX content of the vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['atopy status']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

answer: @entity5715 :: (CHEBI:28984,Chemical) :: ['aluminium']


abstract: @entity715 removal using percutaneous rotational thrombectomy (PRT), followed by @entity16994 ( @entity16994 ), was studied by contrast angiography and fiberoptic angioscopy in a @entity235 femoral artery model of @entity715 . After @entity715 induction and following each treatment, comparisons were made between angioscopy and angiography for the detection of @entity715 and subintimal dissection. Angioscopic images were scored in a blinded fashion for lining, protruding, or occlusive @entity715 (class 1,2, or 3) as well as estimated wall coverage by @entity715 . Angiograms were studied for percent diameter @entity850 and the presence of flaps. Following external forceps crush injury of 18 arteries, two hour occlusion, and injection of thrombin, mean angiographic @entity850 was 66%, @entity715 coverage by angioscopy was 81%, and mean angioscopy class was 2.5. Following PRT, @entity850 decreased to 27% (p less than 0.008), @entity715 coverage was reduced to 49% (p less than 0.02), and angioscopy class dropped to 2.0 (p less than 0.07). After @entity16994 treatment, these values were further reduced to 25% (p = NS), 26% (p less than 0.02), and 1.3 (p less than 0.008), respectively. In comparison to angiography, subintimal dissection (seen as flaps) and @entity715 (lining, protruding, or occlusive) were present significantly more often by angioscopy (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that PRT results in significant thrombolysis, apparent by angiography and angioscopy. Follow-up @entity16994 can produce additional, incremental thrombolysis, apparent only by angioscopy. A beneficial role for @entity16994 following mechanical thrombolysis is suggested by this model. The superior sensitivity of angioscopy for detection of flaps and @entity715 is underscored by this study.

title: Thrombolysis by rotational thrombectomy followed by XXXX : evaluation by angioscopy.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity16994 :: ('482840(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity16994 :: (482840(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study had two major goals: (1) to assess the effectiveness of a regimen of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) plus @entity7305 plus @entity4181 as postoperative surgical adjuvant therapy for @entity1 with high-risk @entity694 , and (2) to evaluate 6 months versus 12 months of chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5 were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy with either intensive-course @entity1487 and @entity4181 combined with @entity7305 , or a standard regimen of @entity1487 plus @entity7305 . @entity1 were also randomly assigned to receive either 12 months or 6 months of chemotherapy, which resulted in four treatment groups. RESULTS: Eight hundred ninety-one of 915 @entity1 entered (97.4%) were eligible. The median follow-up duration is 5.1 years for @entity1 still alive. There was a difference among the four treatment groups with respect to @entity1 survival, and a significant duration-by-regimen interaction was observed. Specifically, standard @entity1487 plus @entity7305 was inferior to @entity1487 plus @entity4181 plus @entity7305 when treatment was given for 6 months (5-year survival rate, 60% v 70%; P < .01). CONCLUSION: There was no significant improvement in @entity1 survival when chemotherapy was given for 12 months compared with 6 months. When chemotherapy was given for 6 months, standard @entity1487 plus @entity7305 was associated with inferior @entity1 survival compared with intensive-course @entity1487 plus @entity4181 plus @entity7305 . These data suggest that @entity1487 plus @entity7305 for 6 months should not be used in clinical practice, whereas 6 months of treatment with @entity1487 plus @entity4181 plus @entity7305 is effective.

title: Prospectively randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['poor-prognosis stage II or III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Exposure to antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment in utero occurs in 1 of every 250 newborns. The absolute risk of major @entity600 in these @entity1 is about 7-10%, approximately 3-5% higher than in the general population. Specific risk factors include high maternal daily dosage or serum concentrations of AED, low @entity1501 levels, polytherapy, and generalized @entity410 during pregnancy. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including @entity4297 , @entity2419 , @entity14526 , @entity2650 , @entity851 , and @entity1155 and @entity1032 , are associated with, although not necessarily caused by, AED exposure. Specific @entity73 , @entity5766 , and @entity5806 can be causally related to specific AED exposures. To prevent teratogenic side effects, the prospective mother should be treated with AEDs only when absolutely necessary. Monotherapy with the AED that is most effective in the lowest possible daily dose (divided into at least two or three administrations) should be prescribed. High-dose @entity1501 supplementation (4-5 mg/day) reduces the risk of a neural tube defect in a @entity1 whose sibling had such a defect, but its impact on the specific teratogenic risks of AEDs is unknown. A substantial proportion of fetal @entity600 may be secondarily prevented by prenatal diagnosis, consisting of a fetal structural ultrasound examination at weeks 18 and 20 of gestation and, with @entity2052 or @entity2050 administration, an @entity160 analysis of amniotic fluid at week 16. Determination of a specific defect prevention strategy depends largely on parental attitudes toward prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy, which should be discussed before conception.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs: implications for the management of epilepsy in XXXX of childbearing age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive defects']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity14526 :: ('MESH:D016137', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida aperta']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 1-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['facial clefts']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart malformations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) can be characterized by both high ( @entity101 ) and low (LT) bone turnover states. Although bone biopsy remains the "gold standard" to diagnose @entity8 , noninvasive tools for the diagnosis and follow-up of such @entity79 are desirable. Recently, ultrasound (US) techniques, proposed to assess skeletal status, have been shown to be correlated not only with bone density but also with bone quality. We have investigated 98 @entity1 on chronic hemodyalisis (HD) and 98 healthy, sex- and age-matched subjects. Amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SOS) and ultrasound bone profile score (UBPS) at phalanxes and speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and a quantitative ultrasound index (QUI/stiffness) at the heel were performed in both groups. In all subjects intact parathyroid hormone ( @entity461 ), total alkaline phosphatase (T-ALP), bone isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), and @entity1473 -terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were assessed. All US parameters were significantly lower in the hemodialysis group than in control subjects. Moreover, among US parameters only AD-SOS and UBPS showed a significant correlation with @entity461 , T-ALP, and B-ALP. Dialytic age showed a modest, but significant correlation only with US parameters at the phalanxes. On the basis of bone biochemical markers, we considered a group with high and a group with normal to @entity79 . AD-SOS and UBPS, but not SOS, BUA, and stiffness were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in the high bone turnover than in @entity79 group. Furthermore, in the high bone turnover group, parameters of the US phalanxes strongly correlated with B-ALP. Our results seem to demonstrate that US parameters are a useful tool in the assessment of skeletal status in @entity1 on maintenance dialysis.

title: Quantitative ultrasound in the assessment of skeletal status in uremic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ROD', 'Renal osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['low bone turnover', 'bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity48193 is a novel ultra-low-molecular-weight heparin under development for @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) prevention in @entity1 at increased risk, such as surgical and @entity5 @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: Three Phase III studies compared @entity48193 and enoxaparin after major orthopedic surgery: elective knee replacement (SAVE-KNEE), elective hip replacement ( @entity3565 ) and @entity173 surgery ( @entity18236 ). @entity1 /METHODS: All studies were multinational, randomized and double-blind. @entity48193 and @entity2120 were administered for 7-10 days after surgery. Mandatory bilateral venography was to be performed between days 7 and 11. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of any @entity1150 , @entity1151 or all-cause @entity204 . Safety outcomes included @entity548 , clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) @entity548 , and any clinically relevant @entity548 ( @entity548 plus CRNM). RESULTS: In total, 1150, 2326 and 1003 @entity1 were randomized in SAVE-KNEE, @entity3565 and @entity18236 , respectively. In all studies, the incidences of the primary efficacy endpoint were numerically lower in the @entity48193 group vs. the enoxaparin group, but the difference was statistically significant only in SAVE- @entity3565 . In SAVE- @entity3565 , clinically relevant @entity548 and @entity548 were significantly lower in the @entity48193 vs. the enoxaparin group. In SAVE-KNEE and @entity18236 , clinically relevant @entity548 tended to be higher in the @entity48193 group, but rates of @entity548 were similar in the two groups. Other safety parameters were generally similar between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity48193 was superior to enoxaparin for @entity1211 prevention after hip replacement surgery, but failed to demonstrate superiority after knee replacement surgery and @entity173 surgery. @entity48193 and enoxaparin exhibited generally similar safety profiles.

title: @entity48193 for prevention of @entity1211 after major orthopedic surgery: results from three randomized clinical trials, XXXX , @entity18236 and SAVE-KNEE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity48193 :: ('MESH:C569346', 'Chemical') :: ['Semuloparin', 'semuloparin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

answer: @entity3565 :: (3092,Gene) :: ['SAVE-HIP1']


abstract: Respirable microparticles/nanoparticles of the antibiotics @entity2176 (VCM) and @entity4581 ( @entity30054 ) were successfully designed and developed by novel organic solution advanced spray drying from @entity1042 solution. Formulation optimization was achieved through statistical experimental design of pump feeding rates of 25% (Low P), 50% (Medium P) and 75% (High P). Systematic and comprehensive physicochemical characterization and imaging were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hot-stage microscopy (HSM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Karl Fischer titration (KFT), laser size diffraction (LSD), gravimetric vapor sorption (GVS), confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) and spectroscopy for chemical imaging mapping. These novel spray-dried (SD) microparticulate/nanoparticulate dry powders displayed excellent aerosol dispersion performance as dry powder inhalers (DPIs) with high values in emitted dose (ED), respirable fraction (RF), and @entity400 ( @entity400 ). VCM DPIs displayed better aerosol dispersion performance compared to CLM DPIs which was related to differences in the physicochemical and particle properties of VCM and CLM. In addition, organic solution advanced co-spray drying particle engineering design was employed to successfully produce co-spray-dried (co-SD) multifunctional microparticulate/nanoparticulate aerosol powder formulations of VCM and CLM with the essential lung surfactant phospholipid, @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ), for controlled release pulmonary nanomedicine delivery as inhalable dry powder aerosols. Formulation optimization was achieved through statistical experimental design of molar ratios of co-SD VCM: @entity4748 and co-SD CLM: @entity4748 . XRPD and DSC confirmed that the phospholipid bilayer structure in the solid-state was preserved following spray drying. Co-SD VCM: @entity4748 and co-SD CLM: @entity4748 dry powder aerosols demonstrated controlled release of antibiotic drug that was fitted to various controlled release mathematical fitting models. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model described the best data fit for all powders suggesting super case-II transport mechanism of controlled release. Excellent aerosol dispersion performance for all co-SD microparticulate/nanoparticulate DPIs was higher than the SD antibiotic drugs suggesting that @entity4748 acts as an aerosol performance enhancer for these antibiotic aerosol dry powders. Co-SD VCM: @entity4748 DPIs had higher aerosol dispersion parameters compared to co-SD CLM: @entity4748 which was related to differences in the physicochemical properties of VCM and CLM.

title: Advanced spray-dried design, physicochemical characterization, and aerosol dispersion performance of XXXX and @entity4581 multifunctional controlled release particles for targeted respiratory delivery as dry powder inhalation aerosols.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['FPF', 'fine particle fraction']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity3001 in @entity2720 is generally suggested by epidemiological factors. However, as a rule, laboratory testing is required to confirm the diagnosis. When considering the epidemiology of @entity3001 in France, the only areas free of ticks infected by Borrelia burgdorgeri sl, are those close to the Mediterranean sea or at high altitude. The risk is greatest in the Alsace region. Exposure is particularly high among forest workers and @entity1 who use the countryside for their leisure activities. The likelihood of @entity281 following a tick bite is difficult to assess; indeed, the bite site may remain unnoticed. A medical history of @entity8831 , if untreated, is a major diagnostic clue, although the association appears to be less consistent in France than in the US. @entity625 generally arises apparently spontaneously. It is characteristically mono- or oligo-articular, asymmetrical, predominantly affects the knee, and has an intermittent course. @entity12897 and @entity4932 are common. @entity5442 is rare, polymorphic, and has been linked to other symptoms in the same localizations. Minor @entity4841 and @entity925 frequently occur, principally early in the course of the @entity281 . It was suggested that sequels of the disease include so-called @entity751 . The principal differential diagnosis as far as @entity625 is concerned, is made on @entity5145 and @entity4932 . @entity309 is another pathology, although @entity625 does sometimes evolve to chronicity.

title: [Clinical diagnosis of XXXX in @entity2720 ].

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial cysts']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['chronic juvenile arthritis', 'enthesitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondylarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['case of joint and muscular presentations']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme borreliosis']


abstract: The administration of currently available @entity2544 (CAS 58-55-9) sustained release preparations with high drug doses (hard capsules, tablets) presents difficulties for certain @entity1 groups as @entity1 and elderly, due to the large geometry of these dosage forms. Therefore, a suspension for easy administration based on the novel Liquitard technology was developed using @entity2544 microcapsules. This paper describes the manufacturing procedure of the new dosage form and its in vitro release characteristics as a function of various parameters. During manufacturing, the suspension-forming excipients are first granulated and then filled into sachets together with the microcapsules. The sustained release suspension is prepared by the @entity1 himself immediately before administration. The in vitro release of @entity2544 from the dosage form is neither affected by the suspension-forming excipients nor by the drug amount. This allows for the manufacture of sachets with different drug strength maintaining the same qualitative composition. Furthermore, the in vitro release is independent of pH, osmolality, @entity2146 and of the addition of surfactants and native bile to the dissolution medium. The new dosage form thus meets the current EC-guidelines for oral sustained release dosage forms. The in vitro limits of the dissolution testing were verified on the basis of the bioequivalence of the batches at the upper and lower specification limits.

title: [Manufacture and in vitro characterization of a new fluid XXXX sustained-release form. Sachets with microcapsules for administration in a drinkable sustained-release suspension].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['theophylline']


abstract: @entity310 -matured dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with @entity5 antigens are being evaluated as @entity5 vaccines. It has been shown that DCs produce IL12 during a limited time span and subsequently enter a stage of IL12 exhaustion. If DCs are generated ex vivo, the @entity1 could receive IL12-exhausted DCs which may be detrimental for stimulating anti- @entity5 @entity1198 responses. Furthermore, many @entity5 @entity1 exhibit a cytokine profile skewed toward @entity688 and @entity2533 . This immunological profile, called the @entity18012 /Th3 response, is associated with the presence of regulatory T-cells. @entity18012 /Th3 responses potently inhibit DC maturation, thereby regulating @entity1198 responses. In the present study, we produced genetically engineered DCs that continuously express @entity1198 -related cytokines such as IL12, and resist negative signals from @entity18012 /Th3-dominated @entity150 cells. @entity1 immature DCs were genetically engineered by adenoviral vectors to express @entity11603 , or were treated with @entity310 as a positive control for maturation. The expression of different @entity1198 /Th3 and inflammatory cytokines was monitored. IL12 and IFNgamma were expressed by @entity11603 -engineered DCs, while @entity310 -matured DCs lacked IFNgamma and exhibited low IL12 expression. The addition of recombinant @entity688 to genetically engineered DCs did not abolish their @entity1198 profile. Likewise, coculture with @entity5 cell lines expressing @entity2533 with or without recombinant @entity688 did not revert to the engineered DCs. We further demonstrate that the resistance of @entity11603 -expressing DCs to @entity2533 and @entity688 may be due to decreased levels of @entity2533 and @entity688 receptors. Thus, @entity11603 -engineered DCs are robust @entity1198 -promoting ones that are resistant to @entity18012 / @entity2533 .

title: Dendritic cells engineered to express XXXX continuously produce IL12 and resist negative signals from @entity18012 /Th3 dominated @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['Th3-signaling via IL10 and TGFbeta', 'TGFbeta']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity11603 :: (959,Gene) :: ['CD40L']


abstract: Oncogenic mutations in ras lead to constitutive activation of downstream signaling pathways that modulate the activities of transcription factors. In turn, these factors control the expression of a subset of genes responsible for @entity5 cell transformation. Recent studies suggest that transcription factor NF-kappa B contributes to cell transformation by inhibiting the cell death signal activated by oncogenic Ras. In this study, inhibition of NF-kappa B activity by forced expression of a super-repressor form of @entity24317 , the major inhibitor of NF-kappa B, markedly decreased the growth rate, saturation density and tumorigenicity of oncogenic @entity3803 transformed @entity35 embryo fibroblasts. Such clonally isolated cells overexpressing @entity24317 super-repressor not only were viable but also exhibited no sign of spontaneous apoptosis. Inhibition of NF-kappa B in these cells was functionally demonstrated by both the loss of cytokine induced DNA binding activity and a profoundly increased sensitivity to cell death in response to @entity1505 treatment. In contrast, inhibition of NF-kappa B activity in non-transformed fibroblasts had minimal effect on growth, but rendered the cells resistant to a subsequent transformation by @entity3803 oncogene. Similar results were also obtained with @entity35 intestinal epithelial cells harboring an inducible ras oncogene. Taken together, these findings suggest that NF-kappa B activity is essential for abnormal cell proliferation and tumorigenicity activated by the ras oncogene and highlight an alternative functional role for NF-kappa B in oncogenic Ras-mediated cell transformation that is distinct from its anti-apoptotic activity. Oncogene (2000) 19, 841 - 849.

title: NF-kappa B is required for XXXX oncogene induced abnormal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

answer: @entity3803 :: (293621(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['H-ras']


abstract: The levels of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) and lipid peroxidation (LP) of @entity0 and surrounding @entity5 free (normal) tissues of 39 @entity0 female @entity1 with infiltrating @entity513 and the relationship between these two parameters were investigated. Large interindividual variations in the levels of @entity2197 and LP were found in both @entity5 and normal tissues. The mean @entity2197 levels of @entity5 were significantly higher than those of normal tissues. This tendency did not change with the stage and grade (excluding grade 1) of the @entity5 , menopausal status and chemotherapy treatment. No correlation was found between @entity2197 level and stage or grade of @entity5 (p > 0.05). However, although more than half of the @entity5 samples (23/39, 59%) had higher LP levels than their corresponding normal tissues, no significant difference was noted between the mean LP levels of @entity5 and normal tissues. This tendency did not change with the stage and grade of the @entity5 , and menopausal status and chemotherapy treatment. No relationship was observed between the LP level and stage or grade of @entity5 (p > 0.05). Overall, no association existed between the levels of @entity2197 and LP in @entity5 (p > 0.05). These results reveal that the @entity2197 , but not LP, could be a marker of @entity0 and that the increase in @entity2197 level is not sufficient to lower the LP level in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: @entity2041 and lipid peroxidation levels in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor', 'breast malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet aggregation may predict the @entity548 outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with non-high risk @entity1187 and indication for PCI were enrolled. Maximum @entity857 -induced @entity1423 ( @entity857 -PGmax) was assessed by light transmission aggregometry. Study endpoints were the incidence of @entity548 , categorised by Thrombolysis in @entity583 criteria, and significant entry-site complications during hospitalisation and six-month follow-up period. Platelet aggregation test was organised at 24h after PCI and 1 month after discharge respectively. The optimal @entity1423 was detected defining enhanced @entity1397 response, and associations of measurements with endpoints were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 278 @entity1 were included in analyses. Study endpoints were observed in 24 (8.6%) @entity1 [major @entity548 , n=4 (1.4%); minor @entity548 , n=11 (4.0%); significant entry-site complication, n=9 (3.2%)]. In multivariate analysis, follow-up @entity857 -PGmax[odds ratio (OR)=0.96;95% confidence interval (CI),0.93-0.99;p=0.008) and @entity177 (OR=3.29; 95%CI, 1.23-8.85; p=0.018) were predictors of @entity548 events. The optimal cutoff value for follow-up @entity857 -PGmax was 24.5% (area under the curve=0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.85; p<0.001). Bleeding occurred in 26.2% (16/61) of @entity1 with enhanced @entity1397 response and 3.7% (8/217) of other @entity1 (OR=9.26; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Enhanced @entity1397 responsiveness was associated with an increased risk of @entity548 and entry-site complication. Platelet function testing at an appropriate time after @entity1397 administration helps to identify @entity1 at high risk of @entity548 .

title: The Prognostic Value of @entity857 -Induced Platelet Aggregation for Bleeding Complications in Low - Intermediate Risk XXXX with Acute Coronary Syndrome Taking @entity1397 After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity454 may receive a simultaneous @entity8 (SPK), living-donor kidney (LDK), or deceased-donor kidney (DDK) with possible pancreas after kidney transplantation. SPK is associated with superior @entity1 and kidney graft survival compared with DDK, whereas SPK and LDK have comparable outcomes. It is unclear whether SPK and LDK offer a survival benefit over zero-mismatch (0MM) DDK. In this study, we compared the outcomes of @entity6 recipients using data from the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network/United Network for Organ Sharing. METHODS: Adult (>= 18 years) first-time transplant recipients with @entity6 waitlisted for SPK and transplanted from 1995 to 2010 were included in this study. @entity1 and death-censored kidney graft survival were compared between 0MMDDK (n=228), mismatched (MM) DDK (n=964), 0MMSPK (n=215), MMSPK (n=11951), 2 haplotype identical (2hap) LDK (n=205), and non-2hapLDK (n=1719) recipients. Multivariate analysis was performed using stepwise Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: At 7 years, @entity1 and death-censored graft survival of 0MMDDK recipients (85% and 81%, respectively) were not statistically different from that of 0MMSPK (81% and 85%; log-rank P value vs. 0MMDDK, 0.17 and 0.48, respectively) and 2hapLDK recipients (89% and 86%; log-rank P value vs. 0MMDDK, 0.34 and 0.18, respectively). Among all groups, MMDDK showed the worst @entity1 survival (71%; log-rank P value vs. 0MMDDK, 0.001) CONCLUSION: @entity1 and kidney graft survival of 0MMDDK recipients were comparable to both SPK and LDK recipients. These findings suggest that @entity6 @entity1 awaiting SPK may consider accepting a 0MMDDK if an offer is available.

title: Zero-mismatch deceased-donor kidney versus simultaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['pancreas-kidney transplantation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of interferon-alpha for severe, @entity9611 -resistant, @entity2858 -related @entity882 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, crossover trial. SETTING: Outpatient clinics in Central Northern Italy. @entity1 : 15 sequential @entity1 positive for @entity2858 with platelet counts less than 25 x 10(9)/L who were refractory to 1 month of full-dose (1000 mg/d) @entity9611 . INTERVENTION: Interferon-alpha (3 million units) or placebo (1 mL saline) three times a week subcutaneously for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period. @entity1 were then switched to the alternative treatment for the next 4 weeks, followed by another 4 weeks of washout, and they were randomly assigned to either sequence of treatment. @entity1 received @entity9611 (200 mg three times daily) throughout the study. MEASUREMENTS: The primary end point was the platelet count (measured weekly). Secondary end points were qualitative assessment of the platelet response; bleeding time; @entity4453 antigen in serum; @entity404 / @entity405 counts; @entity2262 in serum; and platelet-associated IgG. RESULTS: Interferon-alpha significantly increased platelet counts in the 12 @entity1 who completed the study (baseline level, 15.6 +/- 7.1 x 10(9)/L; after 4 weeks of interferon-alpha therapy, 82.2 +/- 52.2 x 10(9)/L). The estimated increase in the platelet count after interferon-alpha compared with placebo was 60.0 x 10(9)/L (95% CI, 23.2 to 96.8 x 10(9)/L). The increase was already statistically significant after 3 weeks (66.6 +/- 49.7 x 10(9)/L) and remained significantly increased 1 week after discontinuing interferon-alpha therapy (58.2 +/- 45.0 x 10(9)/L). Placebo did not modify the platelet count. The bleeding time was significantly shortened by interferon-alpha. Four of 12 @entity1 who had more serious alterations of some measures reflecting disease severity did not respond to interferon-alpha. No relevant side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Interferon-alpha is a safe and effective treatment for @entity9611 -resistant, @entity645 -related @entity882 .

title: Interferon-alpha is effective in the treatment of @entity2858 -related, severe, @entity9611 -resistant XXXX . A prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: @entity706 form a family of @entity5 affecting B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells. The Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signaling adapter molecule @entity4100 is the most frequently mutated gene in these @entity5 . This signaling adaptor relays signals from TLRs to downstream effector pathways such as the Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFkB) and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways to regulate innate immune responses. Gain-of-function mutations such as @entity4100 [ @entity4103 ] activate downstream signaling pathways in absence of cognate ligands for TLRs, resulting in increased cellular proliferation and survival. This article reports an analysis of non-synonymous somatic mutations found in the TLR signaling network in @entity706 . In accordance with previous reports, mutations map to @entity4100 pro-inflammatory signaling and not @entity26241 -mediated Type I IFN production. Interestingly, the analysis of somatic mutations found downstream of the core TLR-signaling network uncovered a strong association with the @entity1366 MAPK cascade. In support of this analysis, heterologous expression of @entity4100 [ @entity4103 ] in HEK293 cells led to @entity1366 MAPK phosphorylation in addition to NFkB activation. Moreover, this activation is dependent on the protein kinase @entity35292 ( @entity35292 ), activated downstream of the IKK complex. Activation of @entity1366 would then lead to activation, amongst others, of MYC and @entity24092 , two proteins previously shown to contribute to @entity5 formation in @entity706 . Taken together, this analysis suggests that TLR-mediated @entity1366 activation via @entity35292 may be a novel path to tumorigenesis. Therefore, the hypothesis proposed is that inhibition of @entity1366 MAPK activation would prevent @entity5 growth downstream of @entity4100 [L265]. It will be interesting to test whether pharmacological inhibitors of this pathway show efficacy in @entity5 cells derived from @entity1583 such as @entity8057 , where the majority of the cells carry the @entity4100 [ @entity4103 ] mutation.

title: Gain-of-Function Mutations in the Toll-Like Receptor Pathway: XXXX -Mediated ERK1/ERK2 MAPK Activation, a Path to Tumorigenesis in @entity706 ?

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoid neoplasms', 'lymphoid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity35292 :: ('1326', 'Gene') :: ['Tumor Promoting Locus 2', 'TPL2']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ["Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia"]

answer: @entity35292 :: (1326,Gene) :: ['TPL2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The major cytoskeletal protein of most cells is actin, which polymerizes to form actin filaments (F-actin). Each actin monomer (G-actin) contains a divalent alkaline earth metal ion (in vivo @entity1025 ; in vitro usually @entity141 ) as a cofactor that is crucial for protein polymerization. Prior to this study, however, whether or not other types of metal ions can play the same role as @entity1025 or @entity141 in actins remains unknown. METHODS: A new actin from the gills of oyster (AGO) was prepared and characterized by protein purification techniques, @entity214 - and native-PAGE, and LC-MS\MS for the first time. The property of this protein was studied by CD, fluorescence and UV/vis spectroscopy, laser light scattering, and TEM. RESULTS: AGO is a monomer with a MW of ~42kDa. AGO is unique among all known actins in that @entity8862 is only a naturally binding metal in the protein, and that one native AGO molecule binds 8 @entity219 ions, which can be removed by @entity1098 treatment at pH7.2. The presence of @entity219 has a great effect on the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. Correlated with such effect is that these @entity219 ions in native AGO facilitate protein polymerization, whereas removal of @entity219 ions from native AGO results in a loss of such polymerization property. CONCLUSIONS: The present work demonstrates that AGO is a novel @entity219 -binding protein with high capacity, and high selectivity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This work extends an understanding of the function of @entity219 and actin.

title: @entity8862 rather than XXXX or @entity1025 used as a cofactor in non-muscular actin from the oyster to control protein polymerization.

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of mean airway pressure under high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on right ventricular function. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : Sixteen consecutive @entity1 within the first 48 hrs of mainly @entity649 . INTERVENTIONS: After a 6-hr-period of protective conventional mechanical ventilation, @entity1 were submitted to three 1-hr periods of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (+5, +10, +15) in a randomized order, with a mean airway pressure level determined by adding 5, 10, or 15 cm @entity2507 to the mean airway pressure recorded during conventional mechanical ventilation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean airway pressure was 18  3 cm @entity2507 during conventional mechanical ventilation and was increased until 33  3 cm @entity2507 at high-frequency oscillatory ventilation+15. Right ventricular function was assessed using transesophageal echocardiography. During conventional mechanical ventilation, nine @entity1 presented a @entity67 (right ventricular end-diastolic area/left ventricular end-diastolic area ratio>0.6) of whom four @entity1 had a @entity67 (right ventricular end-diastolic area/left ventricular end-diastolic area ratio>0.9). High-frequency oscillatory ventilation+10 and +15 further worsened right ventricular function, resulting in about a 40% increase in right ventricular end-diastolic area/left ventricular end-diastolic area ratio and a 30% increase in end-diastolic eccentricity index when compared with conventional mechanical ventilation or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation+5 periods. At high-frequency oscillatory ventilation+15, 15 @entity1 had @entity67 and nine had @entity67 . High-frequency oscillatory ventilation did not improve oxygenation whatever the mean airway pressure level. A significant redistribution of tidal variation to the posterior parts of the lung was observed on electrical impedance tomography measurements when increasing mean airway pressure. However, this redistribution was not observed in @entity1 who presented a worsening of right ventricular function (right ventricular end-diastolic area/left ventricular end-diastolic area increase>40%) at high-frequency oscillatory ventilation+15. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with mainly @entity649 , using high mean airway pressure under high-frequency oscillatory ventilation can worsen right ventricular function when compared with protective conventional mechanical ventilation, notably in @entity1 in whom high-frequency oscillatory ventilation produced less alveolar recruitment of the posterior parts of the lungs. This study highlights the interest of monitoring right ventricular function during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.

title: Right ventricular function during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in adults with acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure', 'right ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: @entity43 is the leading cause of death from @entity5 , in part because of the lack of effective early detection methods. Although alterations of several genes, such as @entity1722 , @entity517 , and @entity876 , have been identified in a significant fraction of @entity43 , none of these mutations are diagnostic of @entity5 or predictive of @entity5 behavior over time. Here, we used oligonucleotide microarrays with probe sets complementary to >6,000 @entity1 genes to identify genes whose expression correlated with @entity43 . We extended current microarray technology by simultaneously hybridizing ovarian RNA samples in a highly parallel manner to a single glass wafer containing 49 individual oligonucleotide arrays separated by gaskets within a custom-built chamber (termed "array-of-arrays"). Hierarchical clustering of the expression data revealed distinct groups of samples. Normal tissues were readily distinguished from @entity5 tissues, and @entity5 could be further subdivided into major groupings that correlated both to histological and clinical observations, as well as cell type-specific gene expression. A metric was devised to identify genes whose expression could be considered ideal for molecular determination of epithelial @entity43 . The list of genes generated by this method was highly enriched for known markers of several @entity5 , including @entity43 . This study demonstrates the rapidity with which large amounts of expression data can be generated. The results highlight important molecular features of @entity1 @entity43 and identify new genes as candidate molecular markers.

title: Analysis of gene expression profiles in normal and neoplastic ovarian tissue samples identifies candidate molecular markers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'ovarian malignancies', 'epithelial ovarian cancer', 'Epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial malignancies', 'gynecologic cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Performance of @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) instead of full @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) by inexperienced surgeons will lead to understaging of some @entity1 with @entity0 and increased costs. DESIGN: A decision analysis model was used to investigate the implications of @entity1817 vs. full @entity1600 during the learning phase (60-80 procedures). This model simulates a randomized trial of 10000 @entity1 in each arm. Data regarding the learning curve were obtained from published series. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage of @entity1 with inaccurate staging of their @entity0 , overall survival, quality-adjusted survival, and potential costs of @entity1817 vs @entity1600 . RESULTS: Performance of @entity1817 instead of @entity1600 results in inability to locate a sentinel node in 38% of attempts during the learning phase (compared with 10% in later cases) and understaging in 12% of @entity1 during the learning phase (compared with 0% in later cases). This understaging is associated with a small decrement in survival (1%-2%) and an increased risk of axillary recurrence. Sentinel node biopsy is cost-effective only when the ability to detect sentinel nodes exceeds 80%; and the cost of @entity1817 is less than 50% of the cost of @entity1600 . CONCLUSIONS: To ensure accurate staging of @entity1 with @entity0 , all surgeons should perform full @entity1600 while learning @entity1817 techniques. Only after documentation of accuracy of @entity1817 (sensitivity >90%) should full @entity1600 be omitted for @entity1 with negative sentinel nodes.

title: The learning curve for XXXX in @entity0 : practical considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel node biopsy', 'SNB']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node dissection', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1817 :: (MESH:D012804,Disease) :: ['sentinel node biopsy']