abstract: 1. Rundown of L-type @entity460 channels was studied in inside-out patches made from single isolated @entity95 ventricular myocytes, using barium as the charge carrier. 2. In the cell-attached patches single-channel activity was stable for more than 15 min after the patch pipette sealed. beta-Receptor stimulation by @entity3044 caused a characteristic increase in opening probability and the appearance of prolonged openings. When the patch was excised to the inside-out configuration and exposed to a simple ionic solution, channel activity disappeared within 1-2 min and never reappeared spontaneously. 3. After rundown of L-type channel activity in the excised patch, exposure of the inside face of the patch to MgATP and the catalytic subunit of the @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase (PKAc) resulted in recovery of @entity141 channel activity. Under these conditions channel activity could be even greater than under control cell-attached conditions, resembling channel activity after exposure to @entity3044 . This recovery of activity persisted many minutes, usually until the patch was lost. Addition of Mg @entity855 alone caused a small transient increase in channel activity in some patches. 4. Recovery of activity by @entity855 and PKAc could be prevented by prior exposure of the excised patch to protein kinase inhibitor (PKI), or it could be abruptly terminated by exposure to PKI after recovery of activity. Addition to the pipette solution of @entity18398 , a protein phosphatase inhibitor, greatly slowed rundown. These findings support the proposal that dephosphorylation is an important component of rundown, and that phosphorylation is needed for channel opening activity. 5. Single-channel conductance was not altered by patch excision, but it was reduced after exposure of the excised patch to Mg @entity855 and PKAc. Mg2+ was responsible for this effect, probably by direct channel block from the inside, and Mg2+ also caused a negative shift in the channel activation, as expected from shielding of inside fixed negative charges.

title: Phosphorylation restores activity of L-type @entity460 channels after rundown in inside-out patches from XXXX cardiac cells.

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: " NlmCategory=: Background : @entity2926 is a growing public health concern in many tropical and subtropical countries. However, its diagnosis is difficult because of non-specific symptoms and concurrent other @entity66 . In many regions, the laboratory diagnosis is not available due to a lack of preparedness and simple diagnostic assay or difficult access to reference laboratories. Yet, an early antibiotic treatment is decisive to the outcome. The need for Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for bedside diagnosis of @entity2926 has been recognized. We developed a vertical flow immunochromatography strip @entity138 detecting anti-Leptospira @entity1 IgM and evaluated it in @entity1 from New Caledonia, France, and French West Indies. Methodology/Principal Findings : Whole killed Leptospira fainei cells were used as antigen for the test line and purified @entity1 IgM as the control line. The mobile phase was made of gold particles conjugated with goat anti-human IgM. Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy criteria were used to assess the performance of this @entity138 . The Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was used as the gold standard with a cut-off titer of >= 400. The sensitivity was 89.8% and the specificity 93.7%. Positive and negative Likelihood Ratios of 14.18 and 0.108 respectively, and a Diagnostic Odds Ratio of 130.737 confirmed its usefulness. This @entity138 had satisfactory reproducibility, repeatability, thermal tolerance and shelf-life. The comparison with MAT evidenced the earliness of the @entity138 to detect seroconversion. When compared with other @entity138 , the Vertical Flow @entity138 developed displayed good diagnostic performances. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This @entity138 might be used as a point of care diagnostic tool in limited resources countries. An evaluation in field conditions and in other epidemiological contexts should be considered to assess its validity over a wider range of serogroups or when facing different endemic pathogens. It might prove useful in endemic contexts or outbreak situations.

title: Sensitivity and Specificity of a New Vertical Flow Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Serodiagnosis of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic febrile diseases']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis', 'Leptospirosis']

answer: @entity2926 :: (MESH:D007922,Disease) :: ['Leptospirosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Sequential conversion of @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) to @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) is uncommon. Distinct immune paradigms, paucity of functioning tissue in long-standing @entity2621 , and infrequent conversion of blocking (TBAb) to stimulating (TSAb) thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) may account for this. Molecular and crystal structure analysis helps delineate @entity5010 ( @entity5010 )/TRAb interactions in detail. Such 'fingerprinting' helps determine the behaviour and characteristics of TRAb in longitudinal studies. @entity1 : An 80-year-old @entity1 taking @entity1955 for long-standing @entity2621 became @entity1378 . This persisted despite @entity1955 withdrawal - free T3 was 7  3  pmol/l (2  6-5  7) and TSH  <  0  01  mU/l (0  2-4  5) and TRAb highly positive. She had a goitre (ultrasound - @entity2621 ), @entity7219 , with mild inactive Graves' orbitopathy. She had RAI treatment and is on @entity1955 replacement. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Blood samples at presentation (A) and 1  year (B) showed high TSAb and TPOAb activity but no TBAb. Experiments involving @entity5010 mutations confirmed that (i) TRAb had stable characteristics over 1  year; (ii) @entity5010 mutation @entity40414 caused complete inhibition and (iii) @entity40415 caused marked reduction of @entity268 production by M22 ( @entity5010 -stimulating human monoclonal antibody) and A and B; (iv) mutations @entity40416 , @entity40417 and @entity40418 while affecting M22 had little effect on A and B. CONCLUSIONS: The reasons for an immunological paradigm shift in this elderly @entity1 remain speculative. We believe that de-novo TSAb synthesis occurred converting her long-standing @entity2621 to @entity2743 although the mechanisms responsible remain unexplained. TRAb analysis confirmed stable autoantibody characteristics over 1  year and variable effects of @entity5010 mutations on TRAb and M22 function.

title: Thyrotrophin receptor antibody characteristics in a XXXX with long-standing Hashimoto's who developed @entity2743 and @entity7219 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity40416 :: ('p|SUB|R|80|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R80A']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity7219 :: ('MESH:C535494', 'Disease') :: ['pretibial myxoedema']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cerebrovascular autoregulation can be monitored with a moving linear correlation of blood pressure to cerebral blood flow velocity (mean velocity index, Mx) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Vascular reactivity can be monitored with a moving linear correlation of blood pressure to cerebral blood volume trended with near-infrared spectroscopy (hemoglobin volume index, @entity28682 ). We hypothesized that the lower limits of autoregulation (LLA) and the optimal blood pressure (ABPopt) associated with the most active autoregulation could be determined by @entity28682 in @entity1 undergoing CPB. METHODS: Adult @entity1 (n = 109) who underwent CPB for cardiac surgery had monitoring of both autoregulation (Mx) and vascular reactivity ( @entity28682 ). Individual curves of Mx and @entity28682 were constructed by placing each in 5 mmHg bins. The LLA and ABPopt for each subject were then identified by both methods and compared for agreement by correlation analysis and Bland-Altman. RESULTS: The average LLA defined by Mx compared to @entity28682 were comparable (66  13 and 66  12 mmHg). Correlation between the LLA defined by Mx and @entity28682 was significant (Pearson r = 0.2867; P = 0.0068). The average ABPopt with the most robust autoregulation by Mx was comparable to @entity28682 (75  11 and 74  13 mmHg) with significant correlation (Pearson r = 0.5915; P < or =0.0001). DISCUSSION: Autoregulation and vascular reactivity monitoring are expected to be distinct, as flow and volume have different phasic relationships to pressure when cerebrovascular autoregulation is active. However, the two metrics have good agreement when identifying the LLA and optimal blood pressure in @entity1 during CPB.

title: Continuous cerebrovascular reactivity monitoring and autoregulation monitoring identify similar lower limits of autoregulation in XXXX undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity370 rarely involves the thyroid gland. @entity158 in the thyroid gland area was only sporadically reported in @entity1 suffering from this disease. The aim of this paper is to report and discuss the cases of two female @entity1 with @entity2743 who presented @entity158 , rapidly growing, recurrent @entity5651 (after strumectomy in their early adult lives). Invasive treatment was applied and @entity370 was revealed histologically. The first @entity1 suffered from @entity1282 and dyspnoea due to large @entity5651 ; @entity272 were present as well. @entity370 was diagnosed in histological examination of the thyroid tissue specimens. @entity134 treatment was ineffective; thus, the thyroid was removed. Two years later @entity1374 recurred as a @entity158 @entity5651 and surgical treatment was applied once again. In the second case, thyroid ultrasound findings suggesting malignancy, and prompted the decision to perform thyroidectomy despite the fact that FNAB (fine needle aspiration biopsy) revealed cells indicative of a " @entity738 in the post-resection scar" and results of the thorax high-resolution computed tomography scan suggested @entity10070 . Pathological examination confirmed @entity370 . However, a papillary @entity5 focus was also found.

title: Two cases of @entity1374 presentation as @entity158 in XXXX with @entity2743 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'goiters']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) has been suggested to exert various pathophysiological activities in the airways in addition to vagally-induced bronchoconstriction. This archetypal neurotransmitter and other components of the cholinergic system are expressed in a number of non-neuronal cells in the airways. Non-neuronal @entity1617 released from these cells may affect fibroblasts (Fb) as well as inflammatory cells in lung tissue. @entity5489 is a once-a-day antimuscarinic drug, marketed under the brand name Spiriva, for the treatment of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Besides its proven direct bronchodilatory activity, recent evidence suggests that @entity5489 may be able to reduce the frequency of exacerbations and attenuate the decline in lung function, thus improving the course of obstructive @entity1030 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of @entity5489 on the @entity1617 -induced proliferation of primary @entity1 Fb isolated from biopsies of @entity82 @entity1 and myofibroblasts (MyFb) derived from these cells. A @entity1 lung Fb cell line acted as control. Expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes M1, M2 and M3 was demonstrated by RT-PCR in both cell types. @entity934 stimulated proliferation in all cells investigated. @entity5489 concentration-dependently inhibited the @entity1617 -induced proliferation in both the Fb and MyFb with a maximum effect at 30 nM. These results suggest that cholinergic stimuli mediated by muscarinic receptors could contribute to remodeling processes in chronic @entity1030 . @entity5489 may have a beneficial influence on airway remodeling processes in chronic @entity1030 through antiproliferative effects on fibroblasts and myofibroblasts.

title: XXXX -induced proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in vitro is inhibited by @entity5489 .

entities_list: @entity5489 :: ('MESH:C079890', 'Chemical') :: ['tiotropium', 'Tiotropium bromide', 'Tiotropium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'airway diseases', 'COPD', 'airway disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['Acetylcholine']


abstract: Approximately 30% of coronary angiograms performed in this country are negative for significant @entity453 . These @entity1 are classified as having noncardiac or unexplained @entity662 (UCP). Despite the good overall prognosis, this condition has significant morbidity and costs. The pathophysiology of this condition is likely caused by overlapping cardiac, esophageal, and @entity146 with @entity1931 playing a central role. Gastroenterologists are often consulted in the evaluation of these @entity1 because @entity1208 are among the most common conditions associated with UCP. However, clinical symptoms are unreliable in differentiating between esophageal and cardiac causes of UCP. @entity354 , not @entity4423 , is the most common @entity1208 present in @entity1 with UCP. The most useful diagnostic test in the evaluation of UCP is 24-h pH monitoring. An initial empiric trial of high-dose acid suppression is the most cost-effective intervention in the management of these @entity1 . A clinical algorithm is suggested for the evaluation and treatment of UCP.

title: A critical approach to noncardiac XXXX : pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal disorder', 'esophageal disorders']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: In 53 p.c. of 175 @entity1 with @entity153 the @entity787 ( @entity787 ) was elevated at the time of diagnosis. In @entity1 with small well bordered @entity5 ( @entity42765 .c. proved pathological @entity787 -values in comparison to 80 p.c. in @entity1 with heamatogenic metastases. After radical @entity5 resection (36 @entity1 ) elevated @entity787 -levels returned to normal ranges within 5 weeks. No decrease could be observed after palliative operations (16 @entity1 ). If there existed haematogenic metastases normal @entity787 -values increased postoperative. Such an increase occured up to ten weeks before metastases could be found by other methods. In cases of @entity153 @entity787 -measurements are usefull to evaluate the effect of operation and in the follow up time. It should be carried out on principle in those @entity1 which can be considered for a surgical therapy.

title: [The XXXX ( @entity787 ) in @entity153 before and after operation (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of breath-hold heavily T2-weighted sequences with @entity2287 -enhanced three-dimensional fast low-angle shot (3D FLASH) MR urography in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity812 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 with symptoms of @entity812 underwent MR urography followed immediately by excretory urography. Heavily T2-weighted (combined thin-slice half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo [HASTE] and thick-slab single-shot turbo spin-echo) and 3D FLASH sequences were evaluated separately and independently by two experienced radiologists for the presence, cause, level, and degree of obstruction. Interobserver agreement was calculated using the kappa statistic. Excretory urography and the final clinical diagnosis were used as reference. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 were found to have unilateral obstruction caused by ureteral stones. Both MR urography methods were excellent for detecting obstruction. In the detection of stones 3D FLASH was superior, with a sensitivity of 96.2% and 100% and specificity of 100% and 100% for observers A and B, respectively, compared with a sensitivity of 57.7% and 53.8% and a specificity of 100% and 100%, respectively, for T2-weighted sequences. The @entity3987 was seen with 3D FLASH, and the interobserver agreement was excellent for stone detection (kappa = 0.97). CONCLUSION: T2-weighted sequences alone are not sufficient for examining @entity1 with @entity812 . However, the combined use of both T2-weighted and 3D FLASH sequences will ensure better confidence in the evaluation of acute suspected renal colic. MR urography can replace conventional excretory urography when the latter is contraindicated or undesirable.

title: MR urography in evaluation of @entity812 : T2-weighted sequences and XXXX -enhanced three-dimensional FLASH compared with urography. Fast low-angle shot.

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['acute flank pain']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['best degree of obstruction']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: To assess how polymorphonuclear leukocytes act on coronary vasomotion, we measured the changes in isometric @entity2701 of isolated @entity235 coronary arterial rings by adding autologous polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the organ chamber. Ring preparations of the left circumflex coronary artery developed isometric @entity2701 with a maximum of 80 +/- 21% of @entity3774 (5 muM)-induced contraction at the addition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (5 x 10(5) cells/ml) isolated by the Percoll gradient method. This increase in @entity2701 was dependent on the amount of added polymorphonuclear leukocytes (10(4)-5 x 10(6) cells/ml). The integrity of endothelial cells was not disrupted after the addition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, because the developed @entity2701 was reversed by the addition of @entity934 in an endothelium-dependent manner. The mechanical rubbing of endothelium completely abolished this polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced vasoconstriction, which was regained by placing an endothelium-unrubbed ring inside the rubbed ring ("sandwich preparation"). The supernatant of either polymorphonuclear leukocyte suspension or polymorphonuclear leukocyte incubation medium with @entity3365 could not induce the development of vascular @entity2701 . Lipoxygenase inhibitors partially suppressed polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced vasoconstriction. These findings indicate that polymorphonuclear leukocytes and endothelial cells. This polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced vasoconstriction is not an increase in resting @entity2701 due to endothelial injury caused by added polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but the development of active @entity2701 . Lipoxygenase product(s) of @entity3899 may partially mediate this contraction.

title: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte induced vasoconstriction in isolated XXXX coronary arteries.

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Four school @entity1 , aged 6 to 9 years, had acute postinfectious @entity5442 . The prodromal illness usually involved the upper respiratory tract, but @entity344 were also seen. Fever and nonspecific malaise were characteristic. After cessation of the illness, @entity925 involved the @entity291 and thighs. Arm and neck muscles were less frequently affected. @entity425 was less marked than @entity925 . Serum @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) was markedly increased in all cases. @entity925 and CPK levels subsided in less than a week, although one @entity1 was not back to normal for 4 weeks. Two @entity1 had electromyography, and patchy myopathic changes were found. Viral studies were not helpful in any of the cases.

title: Benign acute childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Weakness']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain', 'Myalgia', 'myalgia']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['myositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Necrotizing soft tissue infections often are characterized by fulminant presentation and lethal outcomes. Besides critical care support and antibiotic therapy, aggressive surgical treatment is important for the therapy of @entity39 . The aim of this study was to develop a @entity1904 (PCT) ratio indicating successful surgical intervention. METHODS: The study group consisted of 38 @entity1 treated with clinical signs of @entity295 caused by a @entity39 soft tissue infection. All @entity1 received radical surgical treatment, and serum levels of PCT and @entity1851 were monitored postoperatively. The ratio of day 1 to day 2 was calculated and correlated with the successful elimination of the infectious source and clinical recovery. RESULTS: An eradication of the infectious focus was successfully performed in 84% of @entity1 , averaging 1.9 operations (range 1 to 6) to achieve an elimination of the infectious source. The PCT ratio was significantly higher in the group of @entity1 with successful surgical intervention (1.665 vs .9, P < .001). A ratio higher than the calculated cutoff of 1.14 indicated successful surgical treatment with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 71.4%. The positive predictive value was 75.8%, and the negative predictive value was 80.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The PCT ratio of postoperative day 1 to day 2 following major surgical procedures for @entity39 soft tissue infections represents a valuable clinical tool indicating successful surgical eradication of the infectious focus.

title: XXXX ratio as a predictor of successful surgical treatment of severe @entity39 soft tissue infections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis', 'necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['Procalcitonin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety of a new suprachoroidal device, the Cypass micro-stent, for the surgical treatment of @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) implanted in conjunction with @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Multicenter clinical study. DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. METHODS: This is an interim report of an ongoing safety study. @entity1 with @entity726 (Shaffer grade 3 and 4) who were also candidates for @entity231 surgery in the affected eye had standard phacoemulsification followed by micro-stent implantation in the supraciliary space. Included were @entity1 with uncontrolled (>=  21 mm Hg, Cohort 1) or controlled (<21 mm Hg, Cohort 2) medicated intraocular pressure (IOP) at baseline. @entity726 medications were discontinued at surgery and resumed at the discretion of each investigator. Measures included adverse events/complications and postoperative changes in IOP or medication. RESULTS: The mean baseline medicated IOP was 21.1 mm Hg    5.91 (SD); the mean number of IOP-lowering medications was 2.1    1.1 (N = 184). There were no major events such as retinal or @entity1713 or @entity3225 . The most common complications were @entity8814 (13.8%) and transient IOP increase (10.5%). Uncontrolled @entity1 (n = 57) had a 37% IOP reduction (P<.001), with more than a 50% reduction in @entity726 medications at 6 months (P<.001). Intraocular pressure-controlled @entity1 (n = 41) had a 71.4% reduction in @entity726 medications (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Initial clinical experience with the new micro-stent showed a low rate of surgical complications with concomitant decreases in IOP and/or @entity726 medications.

title: Early postoperative safety and surgical outcomes after implantation of a suprachoroidal micro-stent for the treatment of XXXX concomitant with @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma', 'OAG glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity8814 :: ('MESH:D015814', 'Disease') :: ['transient early hypotony']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the relation of parental history of @entity101 to the development of @entity5029 , and to assess the potential role of plausible candidate loci in the susceptibility to @entity5029 . STUDY DESIGN: Five polymorphisms: @entity1289 gene I/D and @entity21961 RFLP polymorphism, @entity2178 gene @entity7742 polymorphism, @entity7743 gene @entity7744 polymorphism, and @entity3920 gene CMA/B polymorphism were studied in 126 @entity1 suffering from @entity5029 in comparison with 150 healthy pregnant @entity1 . Genotyping was performed using methods based on polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Among the @entity5029 @entity1 , positive parental history of @entity101 ( @entity101 in both parents, in mother alone or in father alone) was significantly more frequent than in healthy pregnant @entity1 . Having a @entity101 father or mother statistically significantly increased the risk of @entity5029 (odds ratio 4.34, 95% CI, 1.86-10.13, and 2.33, 95% CI, 1.29-4.12 respectively). CC genotype was significantly more frequent in @entity1 with @entity5029 as compared with healthy controls and the C allele frequency was also significantly higher among the cases compared to controls. Having a CC genotype increased the risk of development of @entity44596 .74 times (95% CI, 1.08-6.97). We observed no significant differences in genotype distributions or the allele frequencies of other examined polymorphisms. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results of our study, we may suggest that @entity7743 gene @entity7744 polymorphism may predispose @entity1 to the development of @entity5029 . It seems that @entity1289 gene I/D and @entity21961 RFLP polymorphism, @entity2178 gene @entity7742 polymorphism, and finally @entity3920 gene CMA/B polymorphism do not play any significant role in the pathogenesis of @entity5029 in Caucasian @entity1 .

title: @entity7743 gene @entity7744 polymorphism is associated with the increased risk of pregnancy-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A variety of surgical interventions have been recommended for @entity1 with @entity1644 and @entity1645 . To obtain a better understanding of currently used management strategies and surgical interventions, this study evaluates current opinions in the treatment of these entities. METHODS: Members of the Pediatric Section of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) were surveyed in July of 1998. A questionnaire was designed to assess (1) management of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases; (2) signs and symptoms that warrant surgical intervention, and (3) surgical strategies. Seventy-seven of 234 surveys (33%) were returned. Responses were entered in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for data analysis. RESULTS: Each year, respondents evaluated on average 10 @entity1 with confirmed @entity1644 and operated on 7. There was substantial agreement to operate on @entity1 with @entity1644 who had progressive @entity1635 or progressive motor/sensory loss. For @entity1648 without a @entity1645 , the majority of respondents recommended shunting of the syrinx. Opinion was mixed concerning physical restrictions for asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity1644 and @entity1645 . For @entity1645 , the majority of respondents recommended a minimum cervicomedullary decompression with dural patch grafting. No consensus was obtained on whether dural patch grafting should be done alone or in combination with intradural dissection or manipulation of the tonsils. CONCLUSION: Although many respondents agreed on the management and surgical treatment of symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1644 and/or @entity1645 , there was disagreement with regard to the optimal surgical procedure. Respondents rejected prophylactic surgery for their asymptomatic @entity1 , choosing to follow them conservatively with serial imaging and neurological examinations.

title: Current opinions for the treatment of @entity1644 and XXXX : survey of the Pediatric Section of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons.

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation', 'Chiari malformations']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1648 :: ('MESH:C566084', 'Disease') :: ['isolated syringomyelia']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['chiari malformations']


abstract: Under resting conditions @entity28 @entity101 @entity1 have been described as having a greater cardiac output and lower total peripheral resistance than lean @entity101 @entity1 . To evaluate the hemodynamic patterns under stress conditions, we determined the hemodynamic response to mental stress (first study) and during isometric exercise (second study) in @entity101 @entity1 with a body mass index > 27 kg/m2 ( @entity28 ) and < 27 kg/m2 (lean). The cohort exposed to mental stress comprised 54 white male @entity1 (30 were lean, 24 were @entity28 ) with untreated stage I or II essential @entity101 according to the World Health Organization. Obese subjects responded with a higher increase in total peripheral resistance (p < 0.02) and lower increases in heart rate (p < 0.01), cardiac output (p < 0.01) and @entity64 volume (p < 0.02) when compared with their lean counterparts. This was independent of any differences in chemical or baseline hemodynamic characteristics at rest. The cohort exposed to isometric stress consisted of 57 @entity1 (30 were lean, 27 were @entity28 ) with World Health Organization stage I or II essential @entity101 . Obese subjects responded with exaggerated increases in systolic (p < 0.04) and diastolic (p < 0.01) pressures, and heart rate (p < 0.04) when compared with lean @entity1 . Body mass index emerged as an independent determinant of the increase in systolic (r = 0.03) and diastolic (r = 0.01) pressure as well as of heart rate (r = 0.03). These results indicate that @entity28 @entity101 @entity1 respond to (1) mental stress with vasoconstriction instead of the expected vasodilation, and to (2) isometric stress with an exaggerated increase in arterial pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Stress response pattern in @entity28 and systemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity358 is a relatively common @entity154 in @entity1 with @entity118 ( @entity118 ), particularly among those with the sinus venosus type. The incidence of @entity358 ( @entity358 ) is higher than 0.7% in the general population and 10% in @entity1 with @entity118 . In this study, we present two cases with initial impression of @entity118 , the sinus venosus type in one and the secundum type in the other. The one with the sinus venosus type was found to have a @entity358 that drained into @entity6480 , and the other was suspected of having the same problem because an abnormal shunt was found during cardiac catheterization. This speculation could not be proved, however, due to transesophageal echocardiogram failure. Because we feared the possibility of @entity299 other than @entity118 , we performed a minimally invasive operation using a small midline incision instead of the submammary incision and did a full median sternotomy on the @entity1 to look for other complicating coexistent @entity299 . This @entity1 and the former one were both proven intraoperatively to have a @entity358 that drained into @entity6480 with sinus venosus @entity118 . The operation to correct an @entity118 is a rudimentary procedure, and it often becomes a common type of minimally invasive operation among young cardiac surgeons with limited experience. A submammary incision under the impression of simple @entity118 may meet with certain complications. Therefore, after our experience with the latter case, we do the minimally invasive operation using a small midline incision, which can be easily extended if need be.

title: Partial anomalous XXXX draining into superior vena cava--two cases reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['associated anomaly']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Anomalous pulmonary venous connection', 'partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection', 'PAPVC']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary venous connection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6583 is an important cause of @entity16 in the world. Owing to massive emigration from endemic areas, its frequency has increased in developed countries. The present article reviews some of the specific features of this disease. DEVELOPMENT: @entity3993 occurs when @entity1 becomes the intermediary host of @entity8785 . The clinical presentation is pleomorphic and depends on the type, stage, location and number of lesions in the nervous system, as well as the host's response. For a correct diagnostic approach, an adequate interpretation of the clinical manifestations, neuro-imaging and immunodiagnosis conducted in an appropriate epidemiological context is required. The most frequent clinical manifestations are @entity302 , @entity51 , intra-cranial @entity101 , and @entity73 . Imaging studies show pathognomic signs such as escolex and others that are not specific. The features of this @entity8143 may be different in @entity1 . Partial crises and single parenchymatous cysts are the most frequent clinical and imaging manifestations of @entity6583 in @entity1 . Immunobiological tests in blood and cerebrospinal fluid have constraints in terms of sensitivity and specificity. @entity2039 and @entity3753 are the cyst-killing drugs that have proven to be most effective. Surgery plays an especially important role in @entity1276 and ventricular cysts. Extra-parenchymatous @entity6583 has a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: @entity6583 is a potentially eradicable disease. Health measures and the improvement of health systems can control transmission to @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX : its aetiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis', 'Neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['Cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['focal deficit']

entities_list: @entity8785 :: ('6204', 'Species') :: ['Taenia solium']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['Praziquantel']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['Neurocysticercosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 are found in up to 73% of @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and are associated with increased mortality and other poor clinical outcomes. It is known that @entity1 have better memory test performance than @entity1 do in healthy samples, but gender differences in cognitive performance in the context of @entity712 are not well understood and may have important clinical implications. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine possible gender differences in cognitive function in a sample of individuals with @entity712 (98.9% New York Heart Association class II and III). METHODS: A total of 183 adults with @entity712 (116 @entity1 and 67 @entity1 ) completed a neuropsychological test battery as part of a larger project. Measures were chosen to assess functioning in attention/executive function and memory. RESULTS: After controlling for demographic and medical factors, multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that @entity1 and @entity1 differed on memory test performance (   = 0.90, F4, 169 = 4.76, P = .001). Post hoc comparisons revealed that @entity1 performed better on California Verbal Learning Test Learning, Short Recall, and Delayed Recall. No differences emerged on tests of attention/executive function (   = 0.97, F5, 168 = 0.96, P = .44). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of @entity1 with @entity712 , @entity1 exhibited poorer performance on memory measures than @entity1 did. Future studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms for this pattern and its possible influence on daily function.

title: Gender Differences in Cognitive Test Performance in Adults With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is an @entity1112 caused by mutations of the dystrophin gene. No effective therapy is available, but dystrophin gene transfer to skeletal muscle has been proposed as a treatment for @entity1555 . We have developed a strategy for efficient in vivo gene transfer of dystrophin cDNA into regenerating skeletal muscle. Retroviral producer cells, which release a vector carrying the therapeutically active dystrophin minigene, were mitotically inactivated and transplanted in adult nude/mdx @entity19 . Transplantation of 3 x 10(6) producer cells in a single site of the tibialis anterior muscle resulted in the transduction of between 5.5 and 18% total muscle fibers. The same procedure proved also feasible in immunocompetent mdx @entity19 under short-term pharmacological immunosuppression. Minidystrophin expression was stable for up to 6 mo and led to alpha-sarcoglycan reexpression. Muscle stem cells could be transduced in vivo using this procedure. Transduced @entity121 showed evidence of active remodeling reminiscent of the genetic normalization process which takes place in female @entity1555 carriers. Overall, these results demonstrate that retroviral-mediated dystrophin gene transfer via transplantation of producer cells is a valid approach towards the long-term goal of gene therapy of @entity1555 .

title: Genetic correction of XXXX remodeling in adult MDX @entity19 via transplantation of retroviral producer cells.

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked, lethal disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['dystrophin deficiency and skeletal muscle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 include some rare benign and malignant lesions, and the compression of peripheral nerves by benign @entity362 is infrequently reported in the medical literature. This study aims to review the authors' experience in treating @entity1 with peripheral nerve compressions secondary to adjacent @entity362 . METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of data about the @entity1 who presented peripheral nerve compressive symptoms secondary to @entity362 in the upper and lower limbs, treated during the period of 1999 to 2006. Included in the cases were those wherein the @entity5 was in contact with the nerve and the symptoms matched a respective nerve sensitive and/or motor innervation pattern. RESULTS: The upper extremity was the site of 5 (62.5%) of 8 @entity362 , followed by the lower limb (2 lesions, 25%), and 1 @entity5 involved the brachial plexus (12.5%). In 5 cases, the clinical picture was similar to some @entity16 . Ultrasound imaging was useful to define the mass as a @entity5 ; MRI allowed a better analysis of the relationship of the @entity5 with other vascular, bony, or ligamentous structures. The lesions were ressected in all the @entity1 , and there was good outcome in 7 cases (87.5%). Otherwise, we could identify signs of external compression on the direct inspection of the involved nerves in only 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment offers good outcomes in @entity158 relief and neurological recovery, but one should not expect a real compression effect of the @entity362 on the nerve during surgery.

title: Peripheral nerve compression secondary to adjacent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nonneural sheath origin tumor', 'tumor', 'Nonneural sheath origin tumors']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'fatty tumors', 'lipomas']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['entrapment neuropathy']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['lipomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Behavioral lifestyle intervention, combined with parental involvement, is preferred over standard care or self-help in @entity28 . The short-term results of such interventions are promising, but long-term follow-up results are equivocal. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was the short (3 months) and long-term (1 and 2 years follow-up) effect evaluation of a family-based multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral lifestyle intervention on markers of @entity1386 , @entity209 , @entity32 and physical @entity410 compared with standard care in @entity1 with @entity28 . Also the association between these outcome variables was determined. METHODS: In this prospective longitudinal clinical trial, @entity28 @entity1 were randomly assigned to a 3-month family-based cognitive behavioral multidisciplinary lifestyle treatment (n=40; body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI- @entity214 ) 4.2  0.7; age; 13.3  2.0 years) or to a control group receiving an initial advice on physical activity and nutrition (n=39; BMI- @entity214 4.3  0.6; age 13.1  1.9 years). Anthropometric data, physical @entity410 , metabolic parameters and inflammatory state were evaluated at baseline, after intervention (at 3 months) and at 1-year follow-up. At 2-year follow-up, anthropometric data and physical @entity410 were measured in the intervention group. RESULTS: An intervention effect after 1 year was found for @entity1386 (P=0.02 for BMI- @entity214 , P=0.03 for waist circumference (WC)- @entity214 ), physical @entity410 (absolute measured peak value of @entity26 uptake (ml   min(-1)), standardized for age and gender (VO2peak- @entity214 ), P<0.01) and insulin resistance (HOMA- @entity214 , P=0.04). No significant intervention effect was found for serum lipid profile, high-sensitive C-reactive protein or for @entity1254 . At 2-year follow-up, BMI- @entity214 in the intervention group (n=31) was 3.8  1.2 @entity214 , significantly less than at baseline (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: A positive 1-year follow-up treatment effect was found for @entity1386 , physical @entity410 and @entity413 homeostasis, but not for inflammatory markers. There was a significant long-term treatment effect on @entity1386 , although almost all @entity1 remained @entity28 .

title: Long-term effect of lifestyle intervention on @entity1386 , metabolic parameters, @entity32 and physical @entity410 in XXXX @entity1 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The study of @entity32503 -resistant mutants of the protozoan parasite @entity3667 has provided useful information about genetic processes such as gene amplification and mutation and knowledge of the unique features of the @entity24266 metabolic pathway in this primitive eukaryote. The novel bifunctional @entity9796 reductase-thymidylate synthase ( @entity12838 - @entity1950 ) is an essential enzyme, yet most @entity12838 - @entity1950 inhibitors show little promise as potential drugs. @entity3667 possess a novel alternative @entity24266 reductase (PTR1) which is relatively insensitive to @entity1499 . We have proposed that the ability of PTR1 to serve as a metabolic bypass and thus modulate drug inhibition of @entity12838 - @entity1950 activity may be responsible for the poor efficacy of many antifolates. In this work, we have sought inhibitors of @entity3667 PTR1 from a collection of 74 compounds. The most potent inhibitors were also tested against @entity3667 @entity12838 - @entity1950 and @entity1 @entity12838 and several compounds showing good activity for PTR1 alone, or for all three reductases, were identified. The activity of these compounds was tested against wild-type promastigotes, and those which were potent inhibitors of both PTR1 and @entity12838 - @entity1950 (but not those active against only PTR1) showed good potencies. Growth inhibition tests of @entity3667 mutants, lacking PTR1 or @entity12838 - @entity1950 (ptr1- and @entity12838 -ts- knockouts) or overexpressing PTR1, were used as a "genetic screen" to assess whether these two @entity24266 reductases were targets in vivo. Remarkably, only one compound showed a @entity1499 -like pattern of inhibition. Six compounds showed good inhibition of @entity3667 growth regardless of PTR1 or @entity12838 - @entity1950 levels. These findings suggest that @entity3667 cells contain multiple targets for a diverse set of antifolates, with one or more significant targets in addition to @entity12838 - @entity1950 and PTR1. This emphasizes the necessity of combined biochemical and genetic screens in efforts to rationally design chemotherapeutic strategies in @entity3667 .

title: Biochemical and genetic tests for inhibitors of @entity3667 XXXX pathways.

entities_list: @entity32503 :: ('CHEBI:73913', 'Chemical') :: ['antifolate']

entities_list: @entity24266 :: ('CHEBI:27601', 'Chemical') :: ['pteridine']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity24266 :: (CHEBI:27601,Chemical) :: ['pteridine']


abstract: The @entity35656 modification involves the attachment of single b-O-linked @entity3954 residues to @entity563 and @entity1889 residues of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. Interestingly, previous biochemical and structural studies have shown that @entity10814 ( @entity10814 ), the enzyme that removes @entity35656 from proteins, has an active site pocket that tolerates various N-acyl groups in addition to the N-acetyl group of @entity4826 . The remarkable sequence and structural conservation of residues comprising this pocket suggest functional importance. We hypothesized this pocket enables processing of metabolic variants of @entity35656 that could be formed due to inaccuracy within the metabolic machinery of the @entity21775 biosynthetic pathway. In the accompanying paper (Bergfeld, A. K., Pearce, O. M., Diaz, S. L., Pham, T., and Varki, A. (2012) J. Biol. Chem. 287, 28865-28881), N-glycolylglucosamine (GlcNGc) was shown to be a catabolite of @entity37111 . Here, we show that the @entity21775 salvage pathway can convert GlcNGc to @entity858 -GlcNGc, which is then used to modify proteins with O-GlcNGc. The kinetics of incorporation and removal of O-GlcNGc in cells occur in a dynamic manner on a time frame similar to that of @entity35656 . Enzymatic activity of @entity10814 ( @entity10814 ) toward a GlcNGc glycoside reveals @entity10814 can process @entity37112 -containing substrates fairly efficiently. A bacterial homolog (BtGH84) of @entity10814 , from a @entity1 gut symbiont, also processes O-GlcNGc substrates, and the structure of this enzyme bound to a GlcNGc-derived species reveals the molecular basis for tolerance and binding of GlcNGc. Together, these results demonstrate that analogs of @entity4826 , such as GlcNGc, are metabolically viable species and that the conserved active site pocket of @entity10814 likely evolved to enable processing of mis-incorporated analogs of @entity35656 and thereby prevent their accumulation. Such plasticity in @entity1735 processing enzymes may be a general feature arising from inaccuracy in @entity21775 metabolic pathways.

title: Metabolism of vertebrate amino sugars with N-glycolyl groups: intracellular b-O-linked N-glycolylglucosamine (GlcNGc), XXXX -GlcNGc, and the biochemical and structural rationale for the substrate tolerance of b-O-linked b-N-acetylglucosaminidase.

entities_list: @entity21775 :: ('CHEBI:24586', 'Chemical') :: ['hexosamine']

entities_list: @entity37112 :: ('CHEBI:30884', 'Chemical') :: ['glycolyl']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity858 :: (MESH:D014530,Chemical) :: ['UDP']


abstract: Fat @entity39 of the breast is a relatively common reactive/reparative process that may be either primary, often after @entity130 , or secondary to prior surgery or therapeutic irradiation. Mammary fat @entity39 may closely mimic @entity0 , both clinically and radiographically, and is thus frequently biopsied. In the majority of cases fat @entity39 in the breast shows classic morphologic features and is a straightforward diagnosis. However, over the past several years we have seen a number of more challenging cases of mammary fat @entity39 complicated by a distinctive cellular, spindled proliferation of macrophages, mimicking various spindle cell neoplasms of the breast. Herein we report our experience with such lesions. A total of 118 cases of fat @entity39 involving the breast were retrieved from our institutional and consultation archives for the period 1994 to 2011. The final study group of 20 cases included only (1) consultation cases submitted specifically with concern for a @entity189 and (2) institutional cases presenting as a @entity66 and showing an identical spindle cell proliferation. The @entity5 occurred in 20 @entity1 (mean age 58 y; range, 24 to 70 y), involved both breasts (left, 11 cases; right, 9 cases), and ranged in size from 0.8 to 2.5 cm (mean 1.5 cm). Additional clinical information was available for 18 (90%) @entity1 ; a history of ipsilateral @entity0 and prior therapeutic irradiation were documented in 7 of 18 (39%) and 6 of 18 (33%) @entity1 , respectively. Radiographic reports and/or imaging was available for 17 (85%) @entity1 ; radiographic impressions were "suspicious for @entity5 " (10 cases, 59%), "indeterminate" (2 cases, 12%), or "benign" (5 cases, 29%). The @entity1 underwent core needle (14 cases, 70%) and excisional (6 cases, 30%) biopsies. The morphologic features of all cases were similar, showing a moderately cellular, fascicular proliferation of mitotically active, normochromatic, lightly eosinophilic spindled cells with mild nuclear variability, folded or grooved nuclei, and indistinct nucleoli. Chronic inflammatory cells and multinucleated giant cells were often admixed with the spindled cells, with more typical features of fat @entity39 frequently present at the periphery. Immunohistochemical analysis performed at Mayo Clinic showed the lesional cells to express the histiocyte-associated markers @entity11772 (8 of 8, 100%), @entity2935 (8 of 8, 100%), and @entity2279 (4 of 8, 50%) and to be negative for keratins using the OSCAR monoclonal antibody (0 of 8, 0%). Studies conducted at outside institutions showed absent expression of various keratins, @entity4483 protein, @entity4206 , and @entity3546 protein. Histochemical staining for mycobacterial and fungal organisms was negative. Follow-up (18 @entity1 , 1 to 120 mo, mean 37 mo) showed all @entity1 to be alive without disease. Additional surgical procedures (6 @entity1 ) showed only fat @entity39 . We believe that these lesions represent an exaggerated histiocytic reaction to fat @entity39 in the breast. Awareness of this distinctive @entity6437 should help to prevent its misdiagnosis as various other mammary spindle cell neoplasms.

title: Cellular spindled histiocytic @entity6437 complicating mammary fat XXXX : a potential diagnostic pitfall.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast neoplasia', 'breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['spindle cell neoplasm']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with @entity4225 are treated with psychotropic medication. There are, however, no clear clinical guidelines concerning optimal treatment of the disorder. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This article reviews the data on the efficacy of treatment with different classes of psychopharmacological drugs. The emphasis is on clinical trials published after 1981, as most placebo-controlled double-blind studies have been done in the last two decades. Furthermore, studies conducted before 1980 are more difficult to interpret because of changes in clinical diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: Neuroleptics have been studied most extensively followed by antidepressants. Neuroleptics have a modest, but broad therapeutic effect on symptoms in all domains. Doses are lower than those used for treating @entity161 . Antidepressants have a more inconsistent effect. Tricyclics have been the least successful, whereas irreversible MAO inhibitors and selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been effective in treating mood symptoms and @entity23 . @entity1091 has a possible effect in diminishing anger and suicidal symptoms. INTERPRETATION: As there is no "drug of choice" for the treatment of @entity4225 , a more rational clinical approach might be to treat different symptom clusters (cognitive/schizotypal, affective, impulsive) rather than the disorder itself. Finally, some practical guidelines for drug treatment of the disorder are proposed.

title: [Drug therapy of XXXX with emotionally unstable personality].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorders', 'borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the piezoelectric pulse sensor device (Pulse Chek) as a continuous monitoring method in early surveillance after the treatment of lower @entity63 with either surgical or interventional procedures. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">prospective study. SETTING: institutional practice. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: two @entity1 groups with peripheral @entity432 were included; a surgical group undergoing femoropopliteal bypass grafting (22 @entity1 ) and a group undergoing PTA of the femoral or popliteal arteries (18 @entity1 ). MEASURES: the piezoelectric pulse sensor was applied on the skin over the dorsalis pedis artery. A baseline waveform was recorded preoperatively and continuous monitoring begun immediately after the surgical or interventional procedure. Hard copy recordings of the pulse wave were done in the immediate postoperative period, the postoperative evening, the following morning or at any time the alarm was triggered. A late follow-up waveform was recorded after an average of 34 days. Simultaneous ABI measurements were recorded. RESULTS: Preoperatively or pre-intervention, the pulse waveform was accurately recorded in 15/22 (68%) @entity1 in the surgical group and 14/18 (78%) @entity1 of the PTA group. In 20 (91%) surgical group @entity1 and in 14 (78%) PTA group @entity1 , postoperative monitoring was reliable, the pulse waveform confirmed patency of the vessel. Piezoelectric pulse sensor device monitoring did not detect graft occlusion in only one @entity1 in the surgical group where interpretation of the pulse wave was complicated by a slow @entity955 . There were 19 alarms in the pulse waveform during monitoring for 11 (55%) surgical group @entity1 and 18 alarms for 9 (64%) PTA group @entity1 . None of the alarms resulted from graft occlusion. Reliable pulse waveform recordings were obtained in 16/21 (76%) surgical group @entity1 of the original 22 (one graft occluded) and for 15/18 (83%) PTA group @entity1 in the follow-up assessment after the mean 34 days. One surgical @entity1 was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The piezoelectric pulse sensor device can be recommended as a method of continuous monitoring immediately after the revascularization procedure in those @entity1 who have a pedal artery where a reliable pulse waveform can be recorded.

title: Piezoelectric pulse sensor device (Pulse Chek)-monitoring after the treatment of lower XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['leg ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['leg ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity884 is an uncommon disease in @entity1 , but is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Embolization of vegetation to systemic or pulmonary circulation is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality of @entity884 , its incidence in adults varies from 22% to 40%. Very little data exists on the incidence and predictors of embolisation in @entity1 . We analysed the clinical and echocardiographic data of 50 consecutive @entity1 admitted to our centre with @entity884 over a five year period to determine the predictors of @entity887 . METHODS: This was a retrospective study of @entity1 below 12 years of age, who were admitted in the ward with a diagnosis of @entity884 . Their demographic, clinical, hematological and echocardiographic data were analysed to look for predictors of @entity887 . The details of treatment and course in the hospital were also recorded. RESULTS: The mean age was 6 +/- 3.6 years with a range from 4 months to 12 years. @entity299 was the underlying diagnosis in 44 cases. Twenty three cases had undergone cardiac surgery earlier. Blood cultures were positive in only 19 cases (38%). Seven @entity1 grew fungus in their blood culture. Echocardiography revealed vegetation in all; the size of vegetation was > 10 mm in 18 cases and < 3 mm in 11. @entity922 occurred in 23 cases (46%), the size of vegetation was > 10 mm in 13. Embolic events were more common when vegetation was present in the right sided valves or chambers (16/24, 66%). Embolic events were acutely fatal in 7 cases, 6 of these had vegetations which were > 10 mm. Repeat echocardiography failed to show regression of vegetation size in 19/23 cases with @entity887 , as against 15/27 without @entity887 . A total of 11 @entity1 died. Thirteen @entity1 underwent surgery, 9 within two weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, large vegetations (> 10 mm) at presentation and failure to diminish in size on treatment are predictors of embolisation. @entity47 on right side of the heart are more likely to embolise.

title: Predictors of XXXX in pediatric @entity884 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization', 'embolic events']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['Vegetations']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinically obvious embolisation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolic events']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the present study, the improvement of @entity532 and @entity989 was evaluated in 38 @entity6 @entity1 treated with a novel @entity6108 phospholipids delivery form (Meriva  ). METHODS: @entity6 was diagnosed at least 5 years before inclusion and all @entity1 had signs of @entity2479 and of @entity1095 . Meriva   was administered at the dosage of 2 tablets/day (each tablet containing 500 mg Meriva   corresponding to 100 mg @entity6108 ) for a period of at least 4 weeks in addition to the standard management plan, while a comparable group of subjects (n = 39) followed the standard management plan alone. RESULTS: All subjects (treatment and controls) completed the follow-up period, there were no dropouts and Meriva   showed an optimal tolerability. At 4 weeks, microcirculatory and clinical evaluations indicated an improvement of @entity455 . In terms of @entity1095 , in the Meriva   group, there was a significant improvement in the venoarteriolar response (p<0.05) and a decrease in the score of peripheral @entity4 (p<0.05), a sign typically associated with the failure of the venoarteriolar response. At the retinal level, high-resolution, duplex scanning, used to measure retinal flow, showed improvements in the Meriva   treated @entity1 . The evaluation of @entity2479 (Steigerwalt's scale) showed an improvement associated with improved visual acuity (Snellen scale). There were no clinical or microcirculatory effects in controls. CONCLUSION: These preliminary observations, indicate the value of @entity6108 , when administered in a bioavailable form as with Meriva  , in the management of @entity532 and @entity989 .

title: Meriva  , a lecithinized @entity6108 delivery system, in @entity532 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal oedema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare and to validate different dose calculation algorithms for the use in radiation therapy of @entity358 and to optimize the treatment planning using accurate dose calculation algorithms. METHODS: A 9-field conformal treatment plan was generated on an inhomogeneous phantom with lung mimics and a soft tissue equivalent insert, mimicking a @entity2 . The dose distribution was calculated with the Pencil Beam and Collapsed Cone algorithms implemented in Masterplan (Nucletron) and the Monte Carlo system XVMC and validated using Gafchromic EBT films. Differences in dose distribution were evaluated. The plans were then optimized by adding segments to the outer shell of the target in order to increase the dose near the interface to the lung. RESULTS: The Pencil Beam algorithm overestimated the dose by up to 15% compared to the measurements. Collapsed Cone and Monte Carlo predicted the dose more accurately with a maximum difference of -8% and -3% respectively compared to the film. Plan optimization by adding small segments to the peripheral parts of the target, creating a 2-step fluence modulation, allowed to increase target coverage and homogeneity as compared to the uncorrected 9 field plan. CONCLUSION: The use of forward 2-step fluence modulation in radiotherapy of @entity358 allows the improvement of @entity5 coverage and dose homogeneity as compared to non-modulated treatment plans and may thus help to increase the local @entity5 control probability. While the Collapsed Cone algorithm is closer to measurements than the Pencil Beam algorithm, both algorithms are limited at tissue/lung interfaces, leaving Monte-Carlo the most accurate algorithm for dose prediction.

title: Optimization of extracranial stereotactic radiation therapy of XXXX using accurate dose calculation algorithms.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['small lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['small lung lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare the functional outcome associated with cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty. DESIGN: Prospective randomized control trial. SETTING: University-affiliated level 1 @entity130 center. @entity1 / @entity1 : All individuals designated for hemiarthroplasty, older than 55 years, with a nonpathologic displaced @entity2249 and the ability to ambulate 10 feet independently before injury [269 @entity1 (274 hips) presented with displaced @entity2249 , 130 @entity1 (48.3%) enrolled, and 5 @entity1 (3.8%) withdrew]. INTERVENTION: Hip hemiarthroplasty with a cemented femoral prosthesis (VerSys LD/Fx; Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) or an uncemented component (VerSys Beaded FullCoat; Zimmer, Warsaw, IN). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Physical Activities of Daily Living scales (Older Americans Resources and Services Instrument) and the Energy/Fatigue Scale. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were present in the groups' preoperative or intraoperative characteristics, including American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, operative time, anesthesia time, use of perioperative b-blockers, estimated @entity190 , or the rate of intraoperative @entity174 . Postoperatively, no difference was found in hemoglobin level, transfusion rate, discharge disposition, or acute complication rate. At 30-day, 60-day, and 1-year follow-ups, no clinically or statistically significant differences were found in mortality, disposition, need for assistance with ambulation, Older Americans Resources and Services Activities of Daily Living subscales, or the Energy/Fatigue Scale. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of nonpathologic displaced @entity2249 , the use of cemented and uncemented femoral components is associated with similar functional outcome at 1 year. Practitioners may inform their clinical decisions using these equally good results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level II. See page 128 for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced XXXX : a prospective randomized trial with early follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed the outcome in @entity1 with @entity1614 operated on exclusively with the aortic valve-sparing reimplantation technique for aortic root @entity439 during more than a decade. METHODS: Between July 1993 and April 2005, the aortic valve-sparing reimplantation technique (David I) was used in 325 @entity1 . In 59 @entity1 with clinical evidence of @entity1614 , procedures were done for aortic root @entity439 (n = 55) or aortic dissection type A (n = 4). Their mean age was 30 +/- 12 years (range, 9 to 62 years), and 37 (63%) were male. Additional procedures were arch replacement in 4 @entity1 , coronary artery bypass grafting in 1, mitral valve surgery in 9, and closure of @entity118 in 3. Mean follow-up was 54 +/- 37 months (range, 0 to 139 months). RESULTS: No @entity1 died during the first 30 days postoperatively. Mean bypass time was 163 +/- 34 minutes (range, 99 to 248 minutes), and mean aortic cross clamp time was 126 +/- 28 minutes (range, 78 to 202 minutes). Four @entity1 (6.8%) required rethoracotomy for @entity86 . Five late deaths (8.5%) occurred during follow-up. Reoperation of the reconstructed valve was required in 7 @entity1 . Freedom from reoperation was 88% +/- 5% at 5 years and 80% +/- 9% at 10 years. Mean grade of @entity337 was 1.81 preoperatively compared with 0.20 early postoperatively (p < 0.001). At last investigation, the mean grade of @entity337 increased slightly to 0.22 (p = 0.16). Anticoagulation was not required in 67% of @entity1 . One @entity1031 complication and four instances of minor @entity548 were documented. All @entity1 were in New York Heart Association functional class I (86%) or II at last contact. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent early outcome, favorable long-term results, and acceptable durability of the reimplanted valve should encourage use of this technique in @entity1 with @entity1614 .

title: Aortic valve-sparing operation in XXXX : what do we know after a decade?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health utilities are increasingly incorporated in health economic evaluations. Different elicitation methods, direct and indirect, have been established in the past. This study examined the evidence on health utility elicitation previously reported in advanced/metastatic @entity0 and aimed to link these results to requirements of reimbursement bodies. METHODS: Searches were conducted using a detailed search strategy across several electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and EconLit databases), online sources (Cost-effectiveness Analysis Registry and the Health Economics Research Center), and web sites of health technology assessment (HTA) bodies. Publications were selected based on the search strategy and the overall study objectives. RESULTS: A total of 768 publications were identified in the searches, and 26 publications, comprising 18 journal articles and eight submissions to HTA bodies, were included in the evidence review. Most journal articles derived utilities from the European Quality of Life Five-Dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D). Other utility measures, such as the direct methods standard gamble (SG), time trade-off (TTO), and visual analog scale (VAS), were less frequently used. Several studies described mapping algorithms to generate utilities from disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments such as European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire - Breast @entity5 23 (EORTC QLQ-BR23), Functional Assessment of @entity5 Therapy - General questionnaire (FACT-G), and Utility-Based Questionnaire- @entity5 (UBQ-C); most used EQ-5D as the reference. Sociodemographic factors that affect health utilities, such as age, sex, income, and education, as well as disease progression, choice of utility elicitation method, and country settings, were identified within the journal articles. Most submissions to HTA bodies obtained utility values from the literature rather than exploring the HRQOL data obtained during clinical development. This was critiqued by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Furthermore, the impact of age on utilities was highlighted by NICE and it was suggested that an age match of the study population should be attempted. CONCLUSION: Health utilities are recorded across the globe to varying extents and using differing elicitation methods. Manufacturers seeking reimbursement need to be aware of the country-specific requirements for elicitation of health utilities.

title: A structured review of health utility measures and elicitation in advanced/metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: We studied the quality of care for @entity1030 @entity1 in a large sample of general practices in Denmark. We focussed on whether participation by @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) in an educational programme could enhance the use of spirometry in the diagnosis and staging of the disease and improve adherence to @entity1030 guidelines. METHODS: We performed two audit surveys of @entity6191 ' @entity1 ' notes, one year apart, before and after an educational programme for participating @entity6191 and their staff. A total of 154 @entity6191 participated in the study. 2549 @entity1 records were included in the first survey and 2394 in the second. RESULTS: Based on analysis of all @entity1 records, we observed a substantial improvement in the quality of care: recording of FEV1 improved from 52.7% of cases in the first survey to 71.4% in the second (p< 0.001). There was a significant improvement in the recording of body mass index and provision of smoking cessation advice, recommendation of physical activity, checking of inhalation technique, dietary instruction, and referral to pulmonary rehabilitation. We also found a decline in the use of inhaled @entity288 in @entity1 with mild @entity1030 , from 60.2% in the first survey to 48.8% in the second. When analysing the results focussing on the performance of single @entity6191 there was an improvement in quality, but this was less than the improvement for @entity1 overall - suggesting that improvement in quality of care was not equally distributed throughout the @entity6191 ' practices. CONCLUSION: We conclude that it is possible to improve the quality of @entity1030 care by educating @entity6191 and their staff.

title: The quality of XXXX care in general practice in Denmark: the KVASIMODO study.

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['general practitioners', 'GPs']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) deposition was investigated in the frontal cortex of 54 autopsy cases of @entity747 ( @entity747 ) using @entity1332 staining, and immunohistochemistry employing the monoclonal end-specific antibodies BC05 and BA27 to visualize deposits containing @entity1131 (42(43)) and @entity1131 (40), respectively. @entity1131 was detected in 14 (26%) @entity1 , nearly always in the form of diffuse @entity1131 (42(43)) containing plaques though some cored, @entity527 with trace amounts of @entity1131 (40) were occasionally seen. The 14 @entity1 showing @entity1131 deposits were significantly older at onset of illness than those 40 @entity1 without @entity1131 . It was only possible to genotype 46/54 cases, 16 of whom bore at least one copy of the @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) epsilon4 allele, giving an allele frequency of 20%. Possession of @entity2204 epsilon4 allele was significantly associated with deposition of @entity1131 such that 10/16 epsilon4 allele bearers had @entity1131 deposits. Eight of these ten @entity1 showed only mild to moderate amounts of @entity1131 , but in two @entity1 , one homozygous and one heterozygous for epsilon4 allele, there was extensive @entity527 and @entity3072 formation. In contrast, only few non-epsilon4 allele bearers (4/30) showed minor @entity1131 deposits. When stratifying for @entity2204 epsilon4 allele, both bearers and non-bearers of epsilon4 allele with @entity1131 deposits had a significantly later age at onset than their respective groups without @entity1131 deposits. We conclude that the likelihood of @entity1131 deposition, as a secondary and coincidental feature unrelated to the primary pathological process, within the brains of individuals with @entity747 will be high if @entity1 have a sufficiently late onset of illness or happen to be a bearer of the @entity2204 epsilon4 allele. Indeed 9/14 @entity1 with @entity1131 deposits studied here had an onset of illness after 55 years of age and bore @entity2204 epsilon4 allele.

title: @entity527 in @entity1 with XXXX : relationship to age and @entity2204 genotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaque', 'neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['APOE', 'Apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid beta protein', 'Abeta']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangle']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration', 'FTLD']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine silver']

answer: @entity747 :: (MESH:D057174,Disease) :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the pattern of early bacterial colonization at implants and teeth in @entity1 with a history of @entity7278 compared with a group of healthy subjects. Furthermore, the presence of host-derived markers at teeth and implants in the two subject groups was determined. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Subgingival and submucosal plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples from 37 nonsubmerged healing dental implants and the deepest tooth sites per quadrant were analyzed 2 to 5 months after implant insertion. The presence of periodontal pathogens was assessed by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1  , @entity687 , and @entity688 ; secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor; and the neutrophil elastase activity were determined. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity7278 and 13 subjects without @entity2521 were recruited for this study. Bacterial species associated with @entity2521 were detectable at both the teeth and implants. The presence was always higher in the @entity7278 group; the difference was significant for @entity2523 and @entity3841 at both the implants and teeth. The levels of @entity1192   were higher at teeth than at implants; in contrast, more @entity688 was measured at the implants. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that (1) dental implants inserted in periodontally compromised @entity1 are colonized with periodontal pathogens within the first weeks of healing; (2) inflammatory markers ( @entity1192  ) are present in higher levels at teeth as compared with implants, whereas at implants, anti-inflammatory cytokines ( @entity688 ) might play the important role; and (3) the importance of periodontal treatment prior to implant insertion to reduce bacterial load and @entity32 should be emphasized.

title: Bacterial and inflammatory behavior of implants in the early healing phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1887 is a common and challenging complaint. New concepts in pathobiomechanics and improved clinical understanding of chronic @entity409 have unmasked gluteus medius (GMed) tears as an underlying cause of enhanced @entity158 (GTPS). These tears are often missed or misdiagnosed as @entity2585 , but lead to prolonged chronic @entity158 . Clinic: The clinical signs are often dull @entity158 on the lateral hip aspect, reduced hip abduction strength with positive Trendelenburg testing and a tendency for the leg to external rotation, as the internal rotation strength is reduced. IMAGING: Radiography and ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis, whereas MRI is the modality of choice for imaging. @entity2086 (TFL) and fatty involution (especially of the GMed) are also seen. THERAPY: Conservative treatment regimens for partial thickness tears involve hip joint centering and strengthening of abductor muscles, sparing TFL. Failed conservative treatment and full thickness tears are treated surgically. Partial tears can be addressed endoscopically with suture anchors for tendon footprint reconstruction. Larger tears involving the anterior and/or lateral facets of the tendon or failed conservative treatment are repaired with minimally invasive open reduction techniques. Double row suture anchor techniques provide anatomical tendon footprint reconstruction. Postoperative rehabilitation is prolonged, due to high acting forces in the peritrochanteric region, and needs to be carried out under professional surveillance. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of gluteal tendon tears is often the only solution in the treatment of chronic @entity158 due to @entity1887 . Available data suggest that reduction in @entity158 and restoration of abduction power can be achieved in mid-term follow-up.

title: [ XXXX : Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy].

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory hypertrophy of the tensor fascia latae muscle']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['Gluteal insufficiency', 'gluteal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['gluteal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['peritrochanteric pain', 'hip pain', 'pain', 'trochanteric pain syndrome']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['Gluteal insufficiency']


abstract: Flow cytometry has also been used to study the nuclear DNA content (ploidy) and cell cycle kinetics of @entity418 . Studies of limited numbers of @entity1 with Barrett's esophagus undergoing endoscopic surveillance suggested that @entity2007 may be a useful marker to identify subsets of @entity1 at increased risk for @entity5 . Few studies to date have evaluated premalignant tissues associated with the development of @entity1544 . The present retrospective study comprises 80 surgical specimens of @entity957 of the esophagus from a high-incidence region of Thailand. All @entity1 had surgery at the Department of Surgery, Prince of Songkla University, between March 1983 and December 1993. Sets of serial sections were cut every 0.5 cm starting from the proximal margin and down to the distal margin, and histopathology was confirmed to flow cytometric parameters (DNA content, S-phase fraction). @entity2007 was found in 84% of @entity957 , 22.2% of @entity189 in situ, 28.6% of severe @entity1141 , 11.0% of moderate @entity1141 and 0% of mild @entity1141 and normal esophageal mucosa specimens. The percentage was higher according to the level of severity or @entity1141 . S-phase fraction was found to be 21.0 +/- 0.9% in @entity957 , 20.3 +/- 10.3% of @entity189 in situ, 20.9 +/- 5.3% of severe @entity1141 , 12.9 +/- 9.7% of moderate @entity1141 7.6 +/- 0.8% of mild @entity1141 and 8.9 +/- 3.2% of normal tissue. Similarly, the percentage of S-phase fraction tends to be higher according to the level of severity or @entity1141 . These findings demonstrate that the @entity2007 and percentage of S-phase fraction tend to correlate with progression of esophageal premalignant tissues to @entity189 . These measures may be clinically useful to identify @entity1 at increased risk for @entity5 .

title: Flow cytometry in XXXX and precancerous lesions.

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy', 'Aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal malignancy', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell cancer of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancers']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell esophageal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity38865 on LPS-induced @entity5694 in @entity19 and clarify the possible mechanism. An LPS-induced @entity5694 @entity19 model was used to confirm the anti- @entity32 activity of @entity38865 in vivo. The primary @entity19 macrophages were used to investigate the molecular mechanism and targets of @entity38865 in vitro. In vivo, the results showed that @entity38865 improved survival during lethal @entity5694 . In vitro, our results showed that @entity38865 dose-dependently inhibited the expression of @entity637 , @entity777 , @entity635 , @entity12421 -and @entity638 in LPS-stimulated primary @entity19 macrophages. Western blot analysis showed that @entity38865 suppressed LPS-induced NF-kB and @entity14055 activation. Furthermore, @entity38865 disrupted the formation of lipid rafts by depleting @entity165 and inhibited @entity1990 translocation into lipid rafts. Moreover, @entity38865 activated LXRa, @entity23711 and @entity19993 . Silencing LXRa abrogated the effect of @entity38865 . In conclusion, the anti- @entity32 effects of @entity38865 is associated with activating LXRa dependent @entity165 efflux pathway which result in disrupting lipid rafts by depleting @entity165 and reducing translocation of @entity1990 to lipid rafts, thereby attenuating LPS mediated @entity32 response.

title: Saikosaponin a inhibits LPS-induced XXXX response by inducing liver X receptor alpha activation in primary @entity19 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) is commonly based on standard 10-12-core prostate biopsies, which misclassify ~50% of cases compared with radical prostatectomy. We assessed the value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-targeted transperineal fusion-biopsies in @entity1 under @entity3457 . METHODS: In all, 149 @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity1 were included in @entity3457 between 2010 and 2015. Forty-five @entity1 were initially diagnosed by combined 24-core systematic transperineal saturation biopsy (SB) and MRI/transurethral ultrasound (TRUS)-fusion @entity75 ( @entity75 ). A total of 104 @entity1 first underwent 12-core TRUS-biopsy. All @entity1 were followed-up by combined SB and @entity75 for restratification after 1 and 2 years. All mpMRI examinations were analyzed using PIRADS. @entity3457 was performed according to PRIAS-criteria and a NIH-nomogram for @entity3457 was investigated. @entity3457 rates for @entity1 initially diagnosed by standard or fusion biopsy were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests. Differences in detection rates of the SB and @entity75 components were evaluated with a paired-sample analysis. Regression analyses were performed to predict @entity3457 . RESULTS: A total of, 48.1% of @entity1 diagnosed by 12-core TRUS-biopsy were disqualified from @entity3457 based on the MRI/TRUS-fusion biopsy results. In the initial fusion-biopsy cohort, upgrading occurred significantly less frequently during 2-year follow-up (20%, P<0.001). TBs alone were significantly superior compared with SBs alone to detect Gleason-score-upgrading. NPV for Gleason-upgrading was 93.5% for PIRADS   2. PSA level, PSA density, NIH-nomogram, initial PIRADS score (P<0.001 each) and PIRADS-progression on consecutive MRI (P=0.007) were significant predictors of @entity3457 . CONCLUSIONS: Standard TRUS-biopsies lead to significant underestimation of @entity263 under @entity3457 . MRI/TRUS-fusion biopsies, and especially the @entity75 component allow more reliable risk classification, leading to a significantly decreased chance of subsequent @entity3457 . @entity5 detection with mpMRI alone is not yet sensitive enough to omit SB on follow-up after initial 12-core TRUS-biopsy. After MRI/TRUS-fusion biopsy confirmed @entity3457 , it may be appropriate to biopsy only those @entity1 with suspected progression on @entity263 and @entity4623 advance online publication, 17 May 2016; doi:10.1038/pcan.2016.16.

title: Further reduction of disqualification rates by additional MRI-targeted biopsy with transperineal saturation biopsy compared with standard 12-core systematic biopsies for the selection of XXXX @entity1 for active surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['MRI.Prostate Cancer', 'PC', 'low-risk prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'targeted lesion biopsy']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['Prostatic Diseases']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'AS-disqualification', 'Active surveillance']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The concept of neurovascular coupling has been postulated since the late 1800s and has been demonstrated most commonly in @entity1 using visual stimuli (e.g. reading, checkerboards). These traditional paradigms evoke only a moderate cerebral blood flow response due to the relative simplicity of the visual stimuli. NEW METHOD: Forty subjects completed three @entity227 each challenging the visual processing areas to a different extent: reading text, complicated visual searching (new method: Where's Waldo) and viewing coloured dots. Posterior and @entity2500 ( @entity5546 , MCA) velocities were recorded using transcranial Doppler ultrasound during each visual paradigm. RESULTS: Prior to the presentation of the visual stimuli there were no differences in mean arterial pressure, or @entity5546 or @entity9623 velocities for the three paradigms. All three paradigms led to an elevation in @entity5546 and MCA velocities after a delay (   1.1seconds). Whereas velocity elevation was consistent across the three paradigms in the MCA, it was markedly larger during the Where's Waldo task in the @entity5546 . Thus, although the onset of the neurovascular coupling response was similar across the three @entity227 , its overall magnitude was stimulus-dependent. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Given that @entity5546 velocity can be affected by blood pressure or @entity544 alterations, traditional neurovascular coupling paradigms (e.g. reading, checkerboards) appear to have a lower signal-to-noise ratio than that observed in complicated visual search tasks such as Where's Waldo. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend complicated visual search paradigms such as Where's Waldo be considered for future transcranial Doppler-based neurovascular coupling studies.

title: Where's Waldo? The utility of a complicated XXXX for transcranial Doppler-based assessments of neurovascular coupling.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual paradigms']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual search paradigm']