abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the effects of controlled intravenous (iv.) and epidural analgesia techniques on postoperative analgesia and knee rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). @entity1 AND METHODS: After the approval of the ethical committee, both i.v. (group I.V; n=20) and epidural (group E; n=22) postoperative analgesia (PCA) were applied in 42 @entity1 (range 18 to 75 years) undergoing TKA. Because of dislocation of epidural catheters in the postoperative period, two cases were excluded from the study and 20 @entity1 in each group were evaluated. @entity282 was assessed with the visual analog scale (VAS) and it was recorded in the recovery unite and then at the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 24th, 48th and 72nd hours. The knee flexion angles of @entity1 were daily measured with a goniometer. The data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U-test, two-samples independent t-test, Fisher exact-chi squared and Pierson chi squared tests. RESULTS: Demographic variables were similar in two groups. In group E, VAS scores at rest and motion were found to be significantly lower and knee flexion angles were significantly higher than that of the group I.V. CONCLUSION: We determined that epidural PCA provided @entity158 relief and rehabilitation than iv. PCA in postoperative period after TKA.

title: [Comparing the effects of analgesia techniques with controlled intravenous and epidural on XXXX and knee rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['better pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity1575 are at an increased risk of developing primary @entity96 . If these @entity5 are discovered early, current therapies may be curative. We conducted a prospective study to assess the accuracy of sonographic screening for the detection of @entity5 in cirrhotic livers as determined by correlation with resected whole livers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 200 prospectively interpreted preoperative sonograms from 200 @entity1 with @entity82 who underwent hepatic transplantation were correlated with specimens of freshly resected whole livers. The results were analyzed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of sonography in identifying @entity1 with @entity5 and detecting individual @entity5 in each @entity1 . RESULTS: Pathologic examination showed 80 malignant lesions in 34 @entity1 (28 with @entity157 , three with @entity201 , two with @entity3 , and one with @entity1893 ) and three @entity2695 in two @entity1 . Sonography correctly showed @entity5 in 17 of the 34 @entity1 , for a sensitivity of 50%. Sonograms were false-positive for @entity5 in three @entity1 , two of whom had a total of three @entity2695 . Sonography correctly showed 36 of the 80 malignant lesions, for a lesion sensitivity of 45% and specificity of 98%. Of the 44 missed lesions, 24 were 1 cm or less, 12 were between 1 and 3 cm, and eight were more than 3 cm in diameter. CONCLUSION: Our results show that sonography is highly insensitive in the detection of malignant lesions in end-stage cirrhotic livers and thus is not a reliable screening technique. However, because of sonography's very high specificity, any sonographically identified lesion in a cirrhotic liver should be considered malignant until proved otherwise.

title: Detection of XXXX in end-stage cirrhotic livers: efficacy of sonography as a screening technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors']


abstract: This study evaluated the usefulness of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) during ultraselective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) that could not be demonstrated on angiography. Twenty-eight @entity1 with 33 angiographically occult @entity5 (mean diameter 1.3 +/- 0.3 cm) were enrolled in the study. The ability of CBCT during arterial portography (CBCTAP), during hepatic arteriography (CBCTHA), and after iodized oil injection (LipCBCT) to detect @entity157 lesions was retrospectively analyzed. The technical success of TACE was divided into three grades: complete (the embolized area included the entire @entity5 with at least a 5-mm wide margin), adequate (the embolized area included the entire @entity5 but without a 5-mm wide margin in parts), and incomplete (the embolized area did not include the entire @entity5 ) according to computed axial tomographic (CAT) images obtained 1 week after TACE. Local @entity5 progression was also evaluated. CBCTAP, CBCTHA, and LipCBCT detected @entity157 lesions in 93.9% (31 of 33), 96.7% (29 of 30), and 100% (29 of 29) of @entity1 , respectively. A single branch was embolized in 28 @entity5 , and 2 branches were @entity12464 . Twenty-seven @entity5 (81.8%) were classed as complete, and 6 (18.2%) were classed as adequate. None of the @entity5 were classed as incomplete. Twenty-five @entity5 (75.8%) had not recurred during 12.0 +/- 6.2 months. Eight @entity5 (24.2%), 5 (18.5%) of 27 complete success and 3 (50%) of 6 adequate success, recurred during 10.1 +/- 6.2 months. CBCT during TACE is useful in detecting and treating small @entity157 lesions that cannot not be demonstrated on angiography.

title: Usefulness of cone-beam computed tomography during ultraselective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for XXXX that cannot be demonstrated on angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['embolized in five tumors']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['small hepatocellular carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity209 ( @entity209 ) is an @entity1144 and @entity2690 resistance (IR)-related syndrome associated with a high cardiovascular risk. Recently, the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has proposed a modification of the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) diagnostic criteria. However, the sensitivity of these new criteria has not been established. The aim of the present study was to define the sensitivity and specificity of the different criteria used for the diagnosis of the @entity209 in our population. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We studied in 177 healthy subjects, 68 @entity1 and 109 @entity1 , the body mass index, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, @entity413 , @entity2690 . The HOMA index was used as an IR indicator. IR was considered with an HOMA index > or = 3.8. RESULTS: Subjects with IR showed higher age, systolic blood pressure, @entity1674 and apo B, and lower HDL @entity165 . A WC > or = 102 cm in @entity1 and > or = 88 cm in @entity1 (ATP III criteria) had a low sensitivity for IR (29.4% and 44.7% respectively), with high specificity (81% and 90%). A WC > or = 94 cm in @entity1 and > or = 80 cm in @entity1 ( @entity6 criteria) showed good sensitivity (73.5% and 73.7% respectively) but less specificity (57.1% and 53.3%). The @entity6 criteria showed better sensitivity than ATP III, without substantial change in the specificity for the different HOMA cut-off points. CONCLUSIONS: ATP III criteria had low sensitivity in our population. The new criteria (WC > or = 94 cm in @entity1 and > or = 80 cm in @entity1 , and blood @entity413 > or = 100 mg/dL) improve three-fold the diagnostic sensitivity and, therefore, seems to be more useful for detecting IR in our country.

title: [Sensitivity and specificity of @entity209 criteria for XXXX resistance diagnosis in Spanish population].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['IDF', 'International Diabetes Federation']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['insulin, lipids and apolipoproteins A1 and B', 'insulin']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are some occlusive @entity74 and metabolic changes disminishing @entity26 liberation by erytrocites at the capillary blood vessels, and these disturbances lead to endoneural microhypoxia. Hyperbaric @entity26 reverts @entity519 in the @entity3949 . OBJECTIVE: We studied motor and sensitive peripheric neuroconduction in nine @entity6 @entity1 , with distal symmetrical @entity305 , during normoglycemia. Four of them were insulin dependent and five were non insulin dependent. @entity1 AND METHODS: The electrophysiological studies were done before treatment with hyperbaric @entity26 , in a week, three and six months later. The abnormal electrophysiological parameters detected in diabetics were terminal latencies (enlarged), velocities of conduction (slowed) and distal amplitudes of compound action potentials (reduced). RESULTS: Neither distal latencies nor distal amplitudes and conduction velocities in peroneal nerve showed significative changes in the statistical analysis. We observed slower conduction velocities in the motor fibers of the median nerve in the examination performed six months after treatment. There was an increase of distal latency and retardation of the velocity of conduction six months later after treatment in the sensitive fibers of median nerve, whereas the amplitudes of sensitive action potentials decreased progressively. These changes suggest large diameter peripheral fibers didn't receive benefit with hyperbaric @entity26 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In all @entity1 disappeared all symptoms of @entity809 , @entity809 , distal @entity158 and cramps in the legs and arms, suggesting functional changes in small unmyelinated fibers which we can't test with conventional techniques to prove it.

title: [A study of peripheral neural conduction, motor and sensory, in XXXX @entity1 treated with hyperbaric oxygenation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias', 'dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders in the vasa nervorum']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: This study investigated the functional performance of two major subtypes of @entity303 , @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ), by the @entity177 ( @entity177 ), and to understand the need for assistance in performing activities of daily living. The subjects comprised 64 @entity195 and 21 @entity1294 @entity1 who were recruited from two epidemiologic studies of @entity303 with a total of 3,931 community residents aged 65 years and above in southern Taiwan. The results showed that the severity of @entity303 was similar between the two groups. The mean score for @entity195 was 82.7 and for @entity1294 was 56.5 for total @entity177 (p < 0.05), 61.6 and 41.7 for the motor dimension (p < 0.05), and 21.1 and 15.7 for the cognitive dimension (p < 0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.01) between @entity195 and @entity1294 in six @entity177 items and borderline or marginal significance (p < 0.05) in most of the @entity177 items. For @entity195 @entity1 , stairs, lower dressing, bathing, and tub/shower transfer were the most difficult items in the motor dimension, and it was memory in the cognitive dimension. For @entity1294 @entity1 , bathing, upper and lower dressing, and grooming were the most difficult items in the motor dimension, and it was problem solving in the cognitive dimension. @entity1294 @entity1 were more dependent on all @entity177 items and required more assistance than @entity195 @entity1 . The functional performances of @entity303 @entity1 were significantly associated with @entity303 severity and subtypes, together accounting for 40% of the variability in total @entity177 . In conclusion, most @entity303 @entity1 are dependent in daily activities and different types and severity of @entity303 lead to different disability profiles; individualized care is, therefore, most appropriate.

title: Functional performance of XXXX and @entity1294 in southern Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VaD']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our initial results with the @entity702 transverse plate fixation system of the sternum in four @entity1 . METHODS: Two @entity1 with late dehiscence and persistent instability of the sternum after cardiac surgery were treated with refixation by @entity702 transverse plates and screws. Two @entity1 were treated with the same refixation method after pre-treatment with debridement, antibiotic therapy and vacuum-assisted closure therapy for extensive @entity1764 . RESULTS: All four @entity1 healed without complications. The mean postoperative length of stay was 17,3 days (range 7-44). The instability and/or @entity158 disappeared in all @entity1 . The postoperative imaging showed good positioning of the osteosynthesis material. There was no re-infection in @entity1 with @entity1764 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity702 transverse plate fixation system is a very promising adjunct to the armamentarium of the cardio-thoracic surgeon for treatment of sternal problems, including dehiscence and @entity174 , even when @entity1764 is involved. It offers more stability compared to simple rewiring, without the need for extensive retrosternal dissection.

title: XXXX transverse plate fixation: a new solution for old sternal problems.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: Honey is a complex mixture of different biologically active constituents. Honey possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. Our chief investigation was to assess the honey induced apoptosis and its molecular mechanism in @entity694 cell growth inhibition. Honey exerted antiproliferative potential against the HCT-15 and HT-29 @entity694 cells as assessed by @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay. Flow cytometric analysis showed the increasing accumulation of hypodiploid nuclei in the sub-G(1) phase of cell cycle indicating apoptosis. Honey transduced the apoptotic signal via initial depletion of intracellular non protein @entity1433 , consequently reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increasing the reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation. An increasing earlier lipid layer break was observed in the treated cells compared to the control. Honey induced apoptosis was accompanied by up-regulating the @entity876 and modulating the expression of pro and anti-apoptotic proteins. Further apoptosis induction was substantiated using DNA fragmentation assay and @entity30826 staining. Results showed honey as a plausible candidate for induction of apoptosis through ROS and mitochondria-dependent mechanisms in @entity694 cells. This will promote honey as a potential chemotherapeutic agent against @entity694 .

title: Involvement of non-protein @entity1433 , mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive @entity26 species and XXXX in honey-induced apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: 4 @entity1 in whom Didymella exitialis seemed to be an important cause of their @entity565 were investigated. All 4 @entity1 had immediate skinprick test reactions and specific IgE antibody to D exitialis and Alternaria alternata. Inhalation of a soluble extract of D exitialis provoked immediate asthmatic reactions in these 4, but not in a skin-prick-test-negative volunteer. Radioallergosorbent inhibition studies with D exitialis and A alternata showed self and cross inhibition, which suggested shared antigens. During summer, 1983, 1 of the 4 recorded peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) twice a day. Spore counts of D exitialis and A alternata were made during this time. Falls in PEFR occurred when D exitialis spore counts increased, usually after a rainfall. Of 34 @entity566 clinic @entity1 , 6 had skin-prick test reaction to both fungi, but 2 had reactions to A alternata only and 3 to D exitialis only, which suggests the existence of specific antigens. D exitialis seems to be a cause of late summer @entity565 . Its importance is not known, but @entity566 to it may contribute to @entity565 following thunderstorms.

title: Didymella exitialis and late summer XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors report the first study of abusive behaviour by @entity1 with @entity303 towards their family carers. The authors hypothesised that while abusive behaviour would be associated with the carer reporting a less rewarding relationship, this could be mediated by the carer's coping style. METHODS: The authors interviewed 220 consecutively referred family @entity303 carers from five UK Community Mental Health Teams, using the revised Modified Conflict Tactics Scale to measure @entity734 , and the Relationship Rewards Scale. RESULTS: 82 (37.3%) carers reported @entity734 from the care recipient 'at least sometimes' over the last 3 months. 80 (36.4%) reported psychologically, and 13 (5.9%) physically abusive behaviour. On average, current carer relationship rewards had decreased from premorbid levels (mean difference -1.5 (95% CI 1.8 to 1.2); p<0.001). The association between higher @entity734 score and lower current relationship rewards was mediated by dysfunctional coping use. In our final model, current relationship rewards were predicted by reporting a better past relationship (beta=0.66 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.77)), less @entity734 from the care recipient (beta=-0.39 (-0.65 to -0.13)) and fewer dysfunctional coping strategies (beta=-0.98 (-1.50 to-0.46)). CONCLUSION: Over a third of family carers reported significant @entity734 from the @entity1 they cared for. Carers who reported more @entity734 also reported a greater deterioration in their relationship with the @entity1 with @entity303 . The extent to which carers used dysfunctional coping strategies partially explained this, suggesting that interventions to change the carers' coping styles might alleviate the impact of abusive behaviour.

title: Abusive behaviour experienced by family carers from @entity1 with @entity303 : the CARD (caring for relatives with XXXX ) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'person']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: To determine whether gains from exposure therapy are lasting in @entity1 with @entity3119 , the authors followed up 34 (85%) of 40 such @entity1 who had been treated 6 years earlier with exposure therapy for 3 or 6 weeks and with @entity8991 or placebo for 36 weeks. Severity of @entity3119 was assessed by rating the discomfort caused by the time devoted to four target rituals, the Behavioral Avoidance Test, and the Compulsion Checklist. Mood was assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 , the Wakefield Self-Assessment @entity308 Inventory, and the @entity148 scale. In addition, the @entity1 ' general adjustment was assessed. The authors found that the group as a whole remained significantly improved on @entity3119 , work and social adjustment, and @entity308 ; however, the group returned to pretreatment levels (slight to moderate) of general @entity148 . They found that neither @entity8991 nor placebo affected long-term outcome and that the majority of @entity1 who were taking @entity8991 or other antidepressants at follow-up were no more improved that those who were not taking antidepressants. Better long-term outcome correlated with more exposure therapy (6 weeks of therapy vs. 3 weeks) and with better compliance with the exposure therapy homework. The best predictor of long-term outcome was improvement at the end of treatment. Subjects who had initially been most depressed were more likely to receive psychotropic medication during follow-up. Initial severity of illness did not preclude benefit from exposure therapy.

title: Six-year follow-up after exposure and XXXX therapy for @entity3119 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive compulsive symptoms', 'chronic obsessive compulsive disorder', 'obsessive compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity8991 :: (MESH:D002997,Chemical) :: ['clomipramine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the best external fixation posture of @entity1171 of @entity3354 and IV degree supintion-eversion after manipulation. METHODS: From January 2007 to June 2010, 46 @entity1 with @entity1171 of @entity3354 and IV degree supintion-eversion were selected for this study and were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B). There were 14 males and 9 females in group A; and the @entity3354 was in 13 cases and IV degree was in 10 cases; @entity174 were reduced and fixed with plaster splint of U-shape to the posture with inversion, @entity717 . There was 15 males and 8 females in group B, and the @entity3354 was in 14 case and IV degree was in 9 cases; @entity174 were reduced and fixed with plaster splint of U-shape to the posture with inversion, internal rotation and dorsiflexion. The clinical effects were evaluated according to AOFAS scoring system. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up from 6 to 18 months with an average of 12 months. In group A, AOFAS scoring was from 73 to 100 scores with an average of (92.58 +/- 5.73) scores, 16 cases obtained excellent results, 6 good, 1 fair; in group B, AOFAS scoring was from 66 to 100 scores with an average of (85.74 +/- 7.56) scores, 9 cases obtained excellent results, 7 good, 6 fair and 1 poor. The result of group A was better than that of group B. In group A, 1 case occurred with @entity3681 after long walk and swelling in night. In group B, 6 cases also occurred with @entity3681 after long walk and swelling in night and 1 case with stiffness of joint. So there was obvious difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For treatment of @entity1171 of @entity3354 and IV degree supintion-eversion, the posture with inversion, @entity717 exceeds another one with inversion, internal rotation and dorsiflexion with plaster after manipulative reduction.

title: [Case-control study on treatment of XXXX of supination-extorsion with different fixed position].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joint ache']

entities_list: @entity3354 :: ('MESH:C565336', 'Disease') :: ['Lauge-Hanson III degree']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['internal rotation and plantar flexion']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and @entity137 of the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended treatment for @entity33 : antimony, 20 mg/kg body weight per day for 28 days. DESIGN: Open trial with 12-month follow-up. SETTING: Inpatient unit of a regional referral hospital in a developing country. @entity1 : Twenty-nine consecutive eligible @entity1 with culture-confirmed @entity281 with Leishmania species who were otherwise healthy. Eight @entity1 (28%) had mild to moderate disease (confined to the nasal mucosa). Twenty-one @entity1 (72%) had severe disease (including the oropharynx as well as the nasal mucosa). INTERVENTION: Antimony, 20 mg/kg body weight intravenously every day for 28 days. Patients received antimony in the form of @entity12879 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Initial results of therapy were as follows: 63 of 72 lesions (88%) healed or markedly improved; all lesions were culture-negative for parasites; and 18 of 29 @entity1 (62%) showed complete clinical and parasitologic cure of all lesions. By the 12-month follow-up examinations, however, 37 lesions had recurred, 8 new lesions had appeared, and only 8 @entity1 (30%) showed clinical cure of all lesions. Of the 8 @entity1 with mild to moderate disease, 6 were cured compared with only 2 of the 21 @entity1 with severe disease. Side effects of this treatment regimen included T-wave inversion on electrocardiogram (4 @entity1 ), @entity409 tests (10 @entity1 ), and @entity4512 (24 @entity1 ). No side effects occurred during week 1 of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The only recommended treatment for @entity33 is ineffective in @entity1 with severe disease. The acceptable @entity137 of the regimen suggests that longer courses of therapy with antimony, or that trials with other antileishmanial agents alone or combined with antimony be evaluated as initial therapy for this disease.

title: Efficacy and @entity137 of @entity12879 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12879 :: ('MESH:D000967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium stibogluconate']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection of the mucosa']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal leishmaniasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of @entity1 who presented with @entity2588 , lower @entity490 , and @entity3556 and who were diagnosed with advanced interstitial pregnancy after initial negative laparoscopies. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Early pregnancy unit of district general hospital. @entity1 (S): A 39-year-old @entity1 with a history of right salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy and a 28-year-old @entity1 with a history of miscarriage. INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopic salpingocentesis with @entity1499 (50 mg/m(2)) after aspiration of an equivalent amount of amniotic fluid. The remainder, based on the calculated dose, was given intramuscularly. Oral @entity3927 (200 mg) was given postoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Complete resolution of interstitial pregnancy in both instances with two subsequent, successful intrauterine pregnancies delivered at term in the second @entity1 . There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. RESULT(S): Expected decline in beta @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) levels without the need for any further intervention(s). CONCLUSION(S): Interstitial pregnancy may be successfully and safely managed by the use of laparoscopic salpingocentesis with @entity1499 and @entity3927 despite high initial beta-hCG levels.

title: Laparoscopic salpingocentesis using XXXX in combination with oral @entity3927 for successful treatment of interstitial pregnancy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'human', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) is a well-established tool for the diagnosis of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). However, soft tissue attenuation is a common artifact which limits the diagnostic accuracy of MPI. The aim of this study was to determine whether attenuation correction (AC) improved diagnostic performance of MPI, using coronary angiography as reference standard. METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched until March 2015 for studies evaluating AC MPI for the diagnosis of @entity453 . Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. For each study, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of AC vs. non-attenuation corrected ( @entity8095 ) MPI. A bivariate mixed-effect model was applied for pooling the data. RESULTS: Out of 201 articles, 17 studies (1,701 @entity1 ) were identified including five studies which used computed tomography AC (CTAC), 12 studies which used radionuclide source AC (RAC), and 15 studies which reported @entity8095 results. The pooled sensitivities across studies were 0.80 (95%CI, 0.64-0.91), 0.85 (0.81-0.88), 0.84 (0.79-0.88) and 0.80 (0.75-0.85) for CTAC, RAC, all AC, and @entity8095 , respectively; and pooled specificities were 0.83 (0.71-0.91), 0.81 (0.73-0.86), 0.80 (0.74-0.85) and 0.68 (0.61-0.74). This resulted in a pooled diagnostic odds ratios of 20 (95%CI, 12-34), 24 (13- 43), 22 (13-35) and 9 (7-11). Significant differences in specificity and diagnostic odds ratios were noted when comparing AC (including CTAC, RAC and all AC) vs. @entity8095 . CONCLUSION: The results from this study suggested that attenuation correction should be applied to myocardial perfusion imaging to improve the diagnosis of @entity453 , especially the specificity.

title: Diagnostic Performance of Attenuation Corrected Myocardial Perfusion Imaging for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Disease']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with FIGO stage @entity43 who had undergone maximum cytoreductive surgery (including pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection) and combination chemotherapy (4-10 cycles, median 6) were treated with irradiation to the abdomen and pelvis with 30 Gy followed by diaphragmatic/paraaortic and pelvis boost fields to 42 and 51.6 Gy, respectively. Second-look laparotomy was not performed. Seventeen of 20 @entity1 completed the planned course of radiation. In 2 cases, failure to complete treatment was related to acute @entity1503 , and 1 @entity1 refused further treatment. Five @entity1 (29%) required treatment breaks ranging from 8 to 16 days (median, 12 days) due to @entity3043 . Actuarial overall survival and relapse-free survival at 3 years for the 17 @entity1 who completed radiation was 69 and 47%, respectively, with follow-up ranging from 19 to 53 months (median: 24, mean: 27.6 months). Seven @entity1 (41%) relapsed within the abdomen alone and 2 @entity1 developed extraabdominal lymph node @entity3 as their sole site of failure. The prognostic factors evaluated for correlation with relapse-free survival included histologic subtype, grade, @entity66 at the time of surgery, and nodal involvement; only @entity41 at surgery (none vs less than or equal to 2 cm or greater than 2 cm) was found to be statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Three-year overall survival correlated with @entity66 following the initial cytoreductive surgery. It was 100% for @entity1 with no @entity66 , 66.7% for less than or equal to 2 cm, and 26.7% for those with greater than 2 cm @entity66 , respectively. Radiation treatment was well tolerated, with only one @entity1 developing treatment-related @entity1744 7 months after radiation therapy. The results of this planned trimodality treatment approach compare favorably with those reported following surgery and chemotherapy, particularly in @entity1 who have been maximally cytoreduced.

title: Radiation therapy in XXXX following surgery and chemotherapy: prognostic factors, patterns of relapse, and toxicity: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['III epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'amount of residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['stage III ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: A history of early adverse life events (EALs) is associated with a poorer outcome and higher levels of distress in adult @entity1 with functional @entity344 . An EAL is thought to predispose individuals to develop a range of @entity102 by inducing persistent changes in the central stress response systems, including the @entity2339 . We sought to determine if EALs affect the @entity2339 response to a visceral stressor in @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) @entity1 and healthy controls, and to determine if this is affected by sex or related to symptoms or quality of life. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1744 @entity1 (25 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ) and 39 healthy controls (21 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ) were assessed for @entity344 and EALs by validated questionnaires and interview. All subjects underwent a visceral stressor (sigmoidoscopy). Salivary @entity701 was collected at baseline and serially for 1 hour poststressor. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1744 @entity1 and 18 controls had EALs. In subjects with and without @entity1744 , an EAL was associated with higher mean (+/-SD) @entity701 levels (0.32 +/- 0.2 vs 0.20 +/- 0.1 microg/dL; P = .003) and higher area under the curve (28.1 +/- 17 vs 18.6 +/- 13 microg x min/dL; P = .005) after the stressor compared with subjects without EALs. In @entity1744 , a faster resolution of @entity701 to basal values corresponded to lower symptom severity (r = -0.36, P < .05) and better disease-specific quality of life (r = 0.33, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2339 hyperresponsiveness to a visceral stressor is related more to a history of EALs than to the presence of @entity1744 . However, @entity2339 reactivity has a moderating effect on @entity1744 symptoms.

title: Childhood trauma is associated with @entity2339 responsiveness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders', 'gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells under metabolic stress and are known to enhance a cell's ability to survive life-threatening stress. The authors have begun to examine HSPs in the context of @entity1 @entity731 . This study demonstrated immunohistochemically the presence of @entity2285 in @entity1 and @entity95 arteries, and its distribution in relation to @entity39 and lipid accumulation, as well as vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages, in @entity1 @entity731 . @entity1442 from 10 @entity1 carotid endarterectomy specimens were compared with 11 @entity1 aortic specimens from autopsy and 8 @entity95 aortas. The immunostaining procedure used a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the inducible form of @entity2285 . Normal @entity95 aortas were tested for changes in @entity2285 up to 24 hours after removal, and were used as controls for the @entity1 aortas. @entity527 were examined for lipid content by osmium staining, and for smooth muscle cell and macrophage components using cell-specific monoclonal antibodies followed by immunostaining. The results indicated that @entity2285 was present in @entity1 and @entity95 arteries and remained unchanged in distribution or concentration up to 15 hours after @entity204 . @entity2285 was present weakly throughout the media of normal-appearing arterial specimens. In contrast, @entity2285 was concentrated in the central portions of more thickened @entity1856 around sites of @entity39 and lipid accumulation. Macrophages were coincident with these areas and were observed to be lipid-loaded. In contrast, patches of smooth muscle cells were observed in very complicated plaques, but without consistent association with @entity39 or increased @entity2285 ; plaque smooth muscle cells also were observed to contain lipid. Large, relatively avascular and collagenous areas of plaque also were occasionally positive for @entity2285 staining. The results support the hypothesis that elevated HSPs indicate which plaque cells, particularly macrophages, are more stressed in the depth of @entity1856 , especially in association with @entity39 , and should prompt further investigation of the significance of HSP accumulation to the evolution of @entity731 .

title: Immunohistochemical localization of @entity1457 protein-70 in normal-appearing and atherosclerotic specimens of XXXX arteries.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Representative plaques']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheroma', 'atheromas']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7391 antagonist-based chemotherapy is a recommended chemotherapeutic treatment for @entity1469 in China. The main reason for treatment failure is chemoresistance. We established a @entity10049 (FUDR)-resistant @entity1 @entity1466 JeG-3/FUDRA sub-line and investigated the role of @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) transcript levels in chemoresistance prediction. STUDY DESIGN: The JeG-3/FUDRA sub-line was established by intermittent exposure to increasing doses of FUDR. Levels of @entity1382 transcripts were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. beta-hCG secretion in these cell lines has also been detected by using a chemoluminescence method. RESULTS: The JeG-3/FUDRA sub-line had a resistance index of 31.62. When exposed to 5.1 x 10(-7) M FUDR, the secretion of beta-hCG was enhanced dramatically, but with the increasing of the FUDR concentration, it was downregulated gradually. According to the concentration of FUDR exposure from low to high, the multiples of free beta-hCG secretion increased 13.19-, 4.76-, 1.90-, 1.44- and 0.47-fold, respectively. The @entity1382 transcript level was down-regulated by exposure to a low concentration of FUDR and then gradually increased with increasing doses of the drug. But when a certain concentration was reached, the expression would not increase but decrease sharply. By sub-lines of different concentration of FUDR exposure varying from low to high, the multiples of increases comparing the @entity1382 transcript level to parental cells were 0.56-, 0.42-, 1.02-, 2.78- and 2.06-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION: We successfully established an FUDR-resistant @entity1 @entity1466 sub-line and found that the expression of @entity1382 mRNA in FUDR-resistant JeG-3 cells was related to the concentration and phase of FUDR exposure. These data suggest that @entity1382 mRNA levels would be of limited use as biomarkers for the prediction of chemoresistance to FUDR-based chemotherapy.

title: Thymidylate synthase mRNA expression does not predict resistance to @entity10049 in a XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['thymidylate synthase', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrimidine']

answer: @entity1466 :: (MESH:D002822,Disease) :: ['choriocarcinoma']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 with poor prognostic features, either with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or limited disease (LD) @entity151 ( @entity151 ), were treated on an out- @entity1 basis with @entity3003 80 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks and oral @entity2879 , at a dose of 100 mg, every other day for 21 days. The treatment was repeated every 5 weeks. Responding @entity1 with LD were also treated with thoracic irradiation and those who achieved complete response (CR) received prophylactic cranial radio-therapy. The overall response rate (RR) was 32.1% with 8.9% CR. The responses were better for LD (RR 58.3%, CR 25%, partial response, PR 33.3%), than those for @entity66 (RR 25%, CR 4.5%, PR 20.5%). The median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 4.8 months and the median survival 5.5 months. These poor results could be attributed to the bad performance status and the presence of visceral and brain metastases in this group of @entity1 . The results could also be due to the lower maximum concentration (Cmax) and higher T1/2 of @entity2879 , as measured in the blood and urine probably due to the modified regimen used in our study and to the organ insufficiency in this selected group of @entity1 . Although, @entity137 was generally mild and manageable, two toxic @entity204 occurred. In conclusion, this regimen appears to have a lower efficacy in terms of response and survival than that obtained in other studies using @entity900 or @entity3003 plus @entity2879 in a similar way. Therapy with this regimen, though less toxic, may not be a reliable alternative in elderly @entity1 with visceral metastases and ECOG performance status > or = 2.

title: Combination chemotherapy with low doses of weekly @entity3003 and oral XXXX in poor risk @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['Etoposide']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Little is known about whether sex differences in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) presentation exist in young @entity1 and what factors determine absence of @entity662 in @entity1187 presentation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sex differences in @entity1187 presentation and to estimate associations between sex, sociodemographic, gender identity, psychosocial and clinical factors, markers of @entity301 severity, and absence of @entity662 in young @entity1 with @entity1187 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 : We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1015 @entity1 (30% @entity1 ) 55 years or younger, hospitalized for @entity1187 and enrolled in the GENESIS PRAXY (Gender and Sex Determinants of @entity65 : From Bench to Beyond Premature Acute @entity301 ) study (January 2009-September 2012). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The McSweeney Acute and Prodromal @entity583 Symptom Survey was administered during hospitalization. RESULTS: The median age for both sexes was 49 years. @entity1 were more likely to have non-ST-segment elevation @entity583 (37.5 vs 30.7; P = .03) and present without @entity662 compared with @entity1 (19.0% vs 13.7%; P = .03). @entity1 without @entity662 reported fewer symptoms overall and no discernable pattern of non- @entity662 symptoms was found. In the multivariate model, being a @entity1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95 [95% CI, 1.23-3.11]; P = .005) and @entity591 (OR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.20-3.56]; P = .009) were independently associated with @entity1187 presentation without @entity662 . @entity1 without @entity662 did not differ significantly from those with @entity662 in terms of @entity1187 type, troponin level elevation, or @entity3979 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: @entity662 was the most common @entity1187 symptom in both sexes. Although @entity1 were more likely to present without @entity662 than @entity1 , absence of @entity662 was not associated with markers of @entity301 severity. Strategies that explicitly incorporate assessment of common non- @entity662 symptoms need to be evaluated.

title: Sex differences in XXXX symptom presentation in young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'woman', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease', 'Coronary Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: Grade II @entity11 grow slowly and linearly (at rates about 4 mm/year) before undergoing anaplastic transformation. In order to analyze how surgery may affect radiological grade II @entity11 kinetics, we restrospectively reviewed our national database searching for @entity1 operated on for a supratentorial grade II @entity11 between 1997 and 2007. We selected @entity1 with at least two postoperative MRI with a minimal delay of 6 months. For each @entity1 , postoperative residues were segmented on successive MRIs. Velocities of diameter expansion were estimated by linear regression of mean diameter evolution for each @entity1 . Fifty-four @entity1 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median postoperative follow-up was 1.6 years with, on average, 3.4 MRI examinations per @entity1 . Postoperative growth rates of mean diameter were normally distributed, around a mean value of 4.3 mm/year (SD = 3.2 mm/year). Statistical analysis showed no difference between this distribution and the distribution of preoperative growth rates in a previous series of 143 grade II @entity11 . For a subset of 23 @entity1 , delay between first MRI and surgery made it possible to estimate also preoperative growth rates. Intrapatient comparison revealed that growth rates were grossly unchanged for 80% of cases. In summary, inter- and intrapatient comparison of pre- and postoperative growth rates proves that surgery does not change grade II @entity11 dynamics, thus, acting as a cytoreduction.

title: Inter- and intrapatients comparison of WHO grade II XXXX kinetics before and after surgical resection.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: External fixation for definitive therapy of closed diaphyseal femur and tibia @entity174 is the preferred method of treatment only in the pediatric population. In @entity130 , in particular open battle wounds, the timing of conversion of an external fixator to an intramedullary nail is determined by the condition of the soft tissues and the overall stability of the @entity1 . In the tibia, conversion to an intramedullary nail is accomplished as expeditiously as possible. Early (< 2 weeks) conversion to an intramedullary implant may be accomplished safely. Increased infection rates have been documented when conversion is done after 2 weeks of external fixation. In the femur, conversion from external fixation to nailing is done as the @entity1 's overall physical condition and soft tissues allow. Acute conversion to an intramedullary device in a single procedure is preferred in @entity1 without evidence of pin-tract infection. Staged conversion to an intramedullary nail often requires a prolonged period of bed rest with skeletal traction to maintain @entity174 stability and @entity1 comfort, with the attendant risks of @entity55 , decubiti, and @entity1031 events. Treatment of closed femoral and tibial diaphyseal @entity174 with external fixation, either definitively or as a bridge to intramedullary nailing, is a viable option in the @entity1 with gross physiologic instability or an @entity4218 . The decision to use definitive external fixation versus conversion to an intramedullary device should be made on a case-by-case basis. Additional prospective clinical studies are warranted to further delineate risks and benefits of these treatment modalities.

title: External fixation versus conversion to intramedullary nailing for definitive management of closed XXXX of the femoral and tibial shaft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral dysvascular limb']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['adult injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity3853 ( @entity3853 ) ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA) on the retinal arteriolar diameter in @entity1 with neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). DESIGN: Prospective consecutive interventional case series. @entity1 : Eleven eyes of eleven @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1020 . METHODS: All eyes had 3 monthly @entity3853 injections of ranibizumab. The diameter of the retinal arterioles was measured in vivo with a retinal vessel analyzer (RVA) before the first @entity3853 injection and then 7 and 30 days after the first, second, and third injections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary end points were changes in retinal arteriolar diameter and mean arterial pressure (MAP) after @entity3853 ranibizumab. Secondary end points were changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness, and intraocular pressure after @entity3853 ranibizumab, and appearance of adverse events during the follow-up period. RESULTS: A significant decrease of the retinal arteriolar diameter was observed after each @entity3853 injection of ranibizumab. Thirty days after the first, second, and third injections, there was a mean decrease of 8.1+/-3.2%, 11.5+/-4.4%, and 17.6+/-7.4%, respectively, of the retinal arteriolar diameter compared with baseline values (P<0.01). There was no significant change in MAP during the period of follow-up (P>0.05). Thirty days after the third @entity3853 injection of ranibizumab, mean BCVA improved by 6.5+/-4.9 Early Treatment @entity6 Study (ETDRS) letters, and central retinal thickness decreased by 91+/-122 microm (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity3853 ranibizumab may induce retinal arteriolar vasoconstriction in @entity1 with @entity1020 after @entity3853 ranibizumab. Further studies evaluating larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results and potential adverse effects on the retinal circulation in @entity1 with @entity1020 and @entity989 . FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

title: Intravitreal ranibizumab may induce retinal arteriolar vasoconstriction in @entity1 with neovascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3853 :: ('MESH:C536369', 'Disease') :: ['intravitreal', 'IVT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular AMD', 'AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The assessment of physical activity and energy expenditure is relevant to the care of @entity22 ( @entity22 ) @entity1 . In the current study, we aimed to evaluate measurements of physical activity and energy expenditure in @entity22 @entity1 from different centres and countries and explored the predictors of physical activity in these @entity1 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional multicentre study, 134 @entity22 @entity1 from four countries (France, Switzerland, Sweden and Brazil) were included. The physical activity was evaluated for 5.0    1.4 days (mean    SD) by a multisensory device (SenseWear Armband) and comprised the assessment of number of steps per day, activity-related energy expenditure (activity-related EE) and physical activity level (PAL). RESULTS: The number of steps per day, activity-related EE and PAL from the @entity22 @entity1 were compatible with a sedentary lifestyle. In addition, all parameters were significantly lower in dialysis days when compared to non-dialysis days (P < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that @entity6 and higher body mass index (BMI) predicted a lower PAL and older age and @entity6 predicted a reduced number of steps. CONCLUSIONS: The physical activity parameters of @entity22 @entity1 were compatible with a sedentary lifestyle. This inactivity was worsened by aging, @entity6 and higher BMI. Our results indicate that @entity22 @entity1 should be encouraged by the health care team to increase their physical activity.

title: Physical activity and energy expenditure in haemodialysis XXXX : an international survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['maintenance haemodialysis', 'MHD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Transient, usually asymptomatic @entity2259 occurs in a wide variety of procedures and manipulations, particularly those associated with mucous membrane @entity130 . It may also occur with such daily functions as tooth @entity717 . These brief @entity2259 are especially common in tooth extraction and other dental procedures. Although numerical risk is uncertain, these @entity2259 can occasionally give rise to @entity884 in the susceptible @entity1 . While no proof exists that antibiotics given prior to procedures causing @entity2259 prevent @entity884 in @entity1 , experimental evidence in @entity95 supports their use. Therefore, in situations where @entity2259 is highly predictable, it would seem wise to administer prophylactic antimicrobials. Procedures in the susceptible host where prophylactic antibiotics seem prudent include dental manipulations and urinary tract instrumentation. Whether @entity1 with acquired @entity340 who are to undergo abdominal surgical procedures should routinely receive prophylactic antibiotics is unclear. However, until the incidence of transient @entity2259 associated with various abdominal procedures is further defined, @entity884 -prone @entity1 should probably receive prophylaxis. Furthermore, @entity1 with prosthetic valves who are subjected to upper @entity344 , sigmoidoscopy, liver biopsy, or barium enema should also probably have antibiotic pretreatment. For dental procedures and for upper @entity344 in @entity1 with prosthetic valves, a combination of @entity114 and @entity3639 or @entity2176 alone is recommended. For urinary tract instrumentation in all @entity1 and for sigmoidoscopy, liver biopsy, or barium enema in @entity1 with prosthetic valves, prophylaxis should be with @entity869 and @entity801 or @entity2176 and @entity801 .

title: Transient @entity2259 and XXXX prophylaxis. A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['brushing and bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular or congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'bacteremias']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['endocarditis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Comparative, prospective follow-up study. OBJECTIVE: Comparison of outcome between @entity1 treated with Percutaneous VertebroPlasty ( @entity12468 ) using low and medium viscosity @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) bone cement. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Viscosity is the characterizing parameter of @entity4625 bone cement, currently the standard augmentation material in @entity12468 , and influences interdigitation, cement distribution inside the vertebral body, injected volume and extravasation, thereby affecting the clinical outcome of @entity12468 . Currently, low, medium, and high viscosity @entity4625 bone cements are used interchangeably. However, effect of viscosity on clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ) has not yet been explicit subject of investigation. METHODS: Follow-up was conducted using a 0 to 10 @entity158 Intensity Numerical Rating Scale (PI-NRS) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Quality of Life questionnaire before @entity12468 and at 7 days (PI-NRS only), 1, 3, and 12 months after @entity12468 . Injected cement volume, degree of interdigitation, and cement leakage were analyzed on direct postoperative computed tomography scanning. At 6 and 52 weeks and at suspicion, @entity1 were analyzed for new @entity174 . RESULTS: A total of 30 consecutive @entity1 received @entity12468 using low viscosity @entity4625 bone cement (OsteoPal-V) for 62 @entity3814 , followed by 34 @entity1 who received @entity12468 using medium viscosity @entity4625 bone cement (Disc-O-Tech) for 67 @entity3814 . Results regarding PI-NRS and SF-36 were comparable between both groups. Postoperative comparison of injected cement volume, degree of interdigitation, proportion of bipedicular procedures, incidence of new @entity174 and complications revealed no differences between both groups. Viscosity was identified as a risk factor for the occurrence of cement leakage (yes/no, OR: 2.925, 95% confidence interval: [1.072-7.984], P = 0.036). CONCLUSION: No major differences in clinical outcome after @entity12468 in @entity3814 using low and medium viscosity @entity4625 bone cement were found. Viscosity of @entity4625 bone cement was identified as an independent predictor of cement leakage.

title: A clinical comparative study on low versus medium viscosity XXXX bone cement in percutaneous vertebroplasty: viscosity associated with cement leakage.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PolyMethylMetAcrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures', 'OVCFs']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['polymethylmetacrylate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Surgical revision of a tape inserted for @entity3142 may be indicated for @entity158 , or tape exposure or extrusion. This study assesses the clinical outcomes of revision surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of 47 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical revision for the indications of @entity158 , tape exposure or tape extrusion. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 underwent revision. 29 @entity1 (62 %) had initial tape placement at another institution. Mean interval between placement and revision was 30 months. 39 @entity1 (83 %) had an identifiable tape exposure or extrusion with or without @entity158 , while 8 @entity1 (17 %) presented with @entity158 alone. 11 (23 %) of the tapes were infected clinically and histologically at revision, 10 of the 11 (90 %) being of a multifilament type. In 23 (49 %) cases, the revision aimed to completely remove the tape. Partial excision 24 (51 %) was reserved for localised exposures or extrusions where @entity281 was not suspected. A concomitant continence procedure was performed in 9(19 %) at the time of tape revision. None of these 9 @entity1 has experienced recurrent @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) compared with 11 out of 38 @entity1 (29 %) requiring further stress incontinence surgery when no continence procedure was performed (Fisher's exact p   =   0.092). Eight out of 47 underwent revision surgery for @entity158 with no identifiable exposure or extrusion; @entity158 subsequently resolved in all 8 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Excision is an effective treatment for tape exposure and @entity158 whether @entity281 is present or not. Tapes of a multifilament type are strongly associated with @entity281 . When @entity281 is present, complete sling removal is necessary. A concomitant procedure to prevent recurrent @entity3142 should be considered if tape excision is planned and @entity281 is not suspected.

title: Functional outcomes following surgical management of XXXX , exposure or extrusion following a suburethral tape insertion for @entity3142 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence', 'stress urinary incontinence', 'SUI']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate conventional prognostic factors for ipsilateral @entity0 recurrence (IBTR), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and survival after breast-conserving therapy (BCT) in screen-detected and symptomatic cases on surveillance up to 25 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 1812 consecutive @entity1 in three cohorts (1981-1989, 1990-1992, and 1993-1998) with T12N01M0 @entity0 were treated with BCT (median follow-up, 14 years). Tumor type and grade were reviewed by a single pathologist. Hormone receptor status was measured by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess independent prognostic variables for relapse and survival. RESULTS: A total of 205 IBTR occurred, with 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year actuarial relapse rates of 4.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.35-5.5%), 8.4% (95% CI 7.1-9.8%), 14.1% (95% CI 12.0-16%), and 17.4% (95% CI 14.5-20.2%). Number of nodes, young age, pathologic @entity5 size, and multifocality were significant factors for IBTR. Three hundred seventy-eight @entity1 developed @entity3 . The actuarial metastatic rate was 12% at 5 years and 17.9% at 10 years. Young age, number of positive nodes, pathologic @entity5 size, and @entity5 grade were significant factors for @entity3 relapse. When conventional prognostic indices were taken into account screen-detected @entity5 showed no improvement in overall relapse or survival rate compared with symptomatic cases but did show a reduced risk of @entity3 after IBTR. After 10 years IBTR relapse continued at a constant rate of 0.87% per annum. CONCLUSIONS: The Edinburgh BCT series has shown that screen-detected invasive @entity0 do not have significantly different clinical outcomes compared with symptomatic cases when pathologic risk factors are taken into account. This suggests that these @entity1 be managed in a similar way.

title: Impact of screening and risk factors for local recurrence and survival after conservative surgery and radiotherapy for early XXXX : results from a large series with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast tumor', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'distant metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was conducted to evaluate the role of total hip replacement in cases of advanced @entity2530 of the @entity2738 in @entity1 admitted to two tertiary care military hospitals. 20 @entity1 reporting with @entity2530 of @entity2738 were taken for study. METHODS: Out of 20 @entity1 , 16 were males and 4 were females. In 7 cases there was history of chronic @entity285 intake and among them one @entity1 was on @entity230 for long time for the treatment of @entity565 . 2 @entity1 developed @entity2530 of the @entity2738 following pregnancy and in two cases, it was post-traumatic. In the remaining nine cases, no cause was found and were so considered idiopathic. They were evaluated pre-operatively and total hip replacement was done in all twenty cases. RESULTS: @entity1 were evaluated using Harris hip score. There was improvement of the score in all cases. CONCLUSION: Total hip replacement is a boon for @entity1 of advanced @entity2530 of @entity2738 .

title: Total Hip Replacement in Avascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['head of femur', 'femoral head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['Necrosis of Femoral Head']


abstract: Macromolecular photosensitizer conjugates are under investigation as improved delivery vehicles for dyes used in photodynamic therapy. We have previously described the use of conjugates between photosensitizers such as @entity29957 (ce6) and @entity5731 (pL) chains which are versatile molecular species because the size of the chain can be varied, and the overall charge can be altered from cationic through neutral to anionic. We now report on a series of pL-ce6 conjugates in their cationic (native), neutral (acetylated) and anionic (succinylated) forms, where the number of ce6 molecules attached to each chain was varied (pL: ce6 ratios, 1:4, 1:8, 1:12, and 1:16). The fluorescence emissions were measured in both saline and a disaggregating solvent. We studied two cell lines (an @entity43 , OVCAR-5 and a @entity19 macrophage, J774) and measured cellular uptake, subcellular localization (by confocal fluorescence microscopy) and @entity6337 . The cellular uptake of the conjugates with four substitution ratios all delivered at 2  M ce6 equivalent concentration showed a maximum at 12 ce6 per chain for both cationic and anionic conjugates, but the uptake of the neutral conjugate was proportional to the substitution ratio. The macrophages took up several times more ce6 than the @entity43 cells. Confocal fluorescence micrographs showed more cellular fluorescence with the lower substitution ratios, and more lysosomal localization with the cationic conjugates. The @entity6337 was much higher for the neutral conjugates. For the cationic and neutral conjugates the 12 ce6 per chain was the most effective at killing cells, while for the anionic conjugate it was the 16 ce6 per chain. The anionic conjugate was better at killing @entity1 cells, while the cationic was better for @entity19 cells, and the neutral was approximately the same. These data will help to optimize the parameters to be used in preparing polymeric-photosensitizer conjugates for photodynamic therapy.

title: Degree of substitution of chlorin e6 on charged @entity5731 chains affects their cellular uptake, localization and XXXX towards macrophages and cancer cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxicity']

answer: @entity6337 :: (MESH:D017484,Disease) :: ['phototoxicity']


abstract: @entity30652 ( @entity12231 and @entity30653 ) are ubiquitously expressed in tissues, including the liver, and play critical roles in numerous physiopathological processes. Little is known regarding the role of @entity12231 and @entity30653 in @entity409 . In this study we generated @entity19 in which @entity12231 , @entity30653 or both genes were selectively knocked out in hepatocytes to investigate the role of these genes in @entity409 following @entity99 induced by partial hepatectomy or @entity4314 administration. The loss of @entity12231 and/or @entity30653 ( @entity30654 ) protein resulted in @entity409 . @entity30654 inactivation did not decrease hepatocytic @entity1603 uptake or the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclins, or cyclin-dependent kinases. However, the levels of @entity14160 , a mitotic marker that is expressed from the mid-G1 phase to the end of mitosis and is closely involved in the regulation of mitotic progression, were greatly decreased, and abnormal mitosis lacking @entity14160 expression was frequently observed in @entity30654 -deficient livers. The down-regulation of either @entity30654 or @entity14160 in the @entity19 @entity96 cell line Hepa1-6 resulted in similar @entity154 . Finally, both @entity12231 and @entity30653 proteins were associated with the @entity14160 gene mediated by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein b. CONCLUSION: Both @entity12231 and @entity30653 play crucial roles in the regulation of @entity409 . The loss of @entity30654 inhibits @entity14160 expression and results in @entity409 .

title: Loss of @entity30652 in hepatocytes impairs @entity19 XXXX through @entity14160 depletion.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic defects']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impaired liver regeneration', 'defective hepatocyte mitosis and impaired liver regeneration', 'liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver regeneration']


abstract: This paper describes the epidemiology of unintentional @entity1223 (CO) @entity4968 in Northwest Iran between 2003 and 2008. Data were obtained from the records of the main provider of emergency medical transportation and from death certificate reports of the Legal Medicine Organization. During the study period, a total of 3078 hospital admissions were recorded against which 346 @entity204 were due to unintentional CO related @entity4968 caused by gas appliances in the homes. The ratio of unintentional CO related @entity4968 cases in relation to all poisonings was 11.6%. With regard to gender differences, non-fatal @entity5499 was higher in females than males, whereas actual fatalities were higher in males than females. @entity5499 was most prevalent in adults aged between 20 and 49 years, whereas the age specific death rate was highest for those over 60 years. The highest frequency of both non-fatal poisonings and actual fatalities occurred in the month January. The results suggest that @entity5499 has a high prevalence in this geographic region, with elderly adults being at the greatest risk, especially during the winter season. This represents a serious, but often neglected area of public health, and Health Authorities should be encouraged to promote public awareness against the dangers of CO exposure. This paper reviews the data and evidence surrounding the issue of @entity5499 and makes recommendations that a range of agencies and authorities should be involved in setting stricter standards and environmental legislations in this respect.

title: Unintentional @entity1223 XXXX in Northwest Iran: a 5-year study.

entities_list: @entity5499 :: ('MESH:D002249', 'Disease') :: ['Non-fatal CO poisoning', 'CO poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: @entity16024 is a third-generation @entity4136 agent and is widely used in the treatment of @entity6 . In addition to the stimulatory effects on pancreatic insulin secretion, @entity16024 has also been reported to have extrapancreatic functions including activation of @entity21203 ( @entity21203 ) and @entity2308 in @entity35 adipocytes and skeletal muscle. PI3-kinase and @entity2308 are important signaling molecules in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation in various cells. This study investigated the actions of @entity16024 in @entity35 osteoblasts and the role of @entity21203 / @entity2308 pathway. Cell proliferation was determined by measuring absorbance at 550 nm. Supernatant assay was used for measuring alkaline phosphatase activity. Western blot analysis was used for determining collagen I, insulin receptor substrate-1/2, @entity21203 / @entity2308 , and endothelial @entity842 synthase expression. We found that @entity16024 significantly enhanced @entity4998 and led to activation of several key signaling molecules including insulin receptor substrate-1/2, @entity21203 / @entity2308 , and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor of @entity21203 abolished the stimulatory effects of @entity16024 on proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, these observations provide concrete evidence that @entity16024 activates the @entity21203 / @entity2308 pathway; and this activation is likely required for @entity16024 to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of @entity35 osteoblasts.

title: @entity16024 induces proliferation and differentiation of XXXX osteoblasts via the PI3-kinase/ @entity2308 pathway.

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16024 :: ('MESH:C057619', 'Chemical') :: ['Glimepiride', 'glimepiride']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To ascertain if @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) of kidney cells is present in severe @entity548 and to investigate whether @entity35983 (PD) can attenuate @entity2383 and its protective mechanisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) from @entity35 kidneys experiencing @entity8682 and a cell line (HK-2) under @entity519 /reoxygenation (H/R) treatment were used. Morphology and function of mitochondria in isolated RTECs or cultured @entity1 cells were evaluated, accompanied by mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins. RESULT: Severe @entity2383 was found in @entity35 kidneys, especially in RTECs, as evidenced by swollen mitochondria and poorly defined cristae, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (    m), and reduced @entity855 content. PD treatment @entity2383 partially and inhibited expression of proapoptotic proteins. PD treatment increased @entity19310 activity and decreased acetylated- @entity10740 levels. @entity13738 was abolished partially when the @entity19310 inhibitor @entity35984 was added. Similar phenomena were shown in the H/R cell model; when pifithrin-a ( @entity10740 inhibitor) was added to the PD/ @entity35984 group, considerable therapeutic effects were regained compared with the PD group apart from increased @entity19310 activity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2383 is present in severe @entity8682 , and PD can attenuate @entity2383 of RTECs via the @entity19310 - @entity10740 pathway. PD might be a promising therapeutic drug for @entity810 .

title: @entity35983 Protecting Kidneys against @entity548 Shock-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction via XXXX Activation and @entity10740 Deacetylation.

entities_list: @entity35983 :: ('MESH:C058229', 'Chemical') :: ['polydatin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal injury']

entities_list: @entity13738 :: ('MESH:C564221', 'Disease') :: ['Beneficial effect of PD']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'attenuated MD', 'MD']

answer: @entity19310 :: (309757(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['SIRT1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to identify the relationship between response to previous systemic treatment and the efficacy of subsequent pemetrexed therapy in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifty clinical stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 @entity1 treated with pemetrexed as a second-line or further-line treatment between April 2007 and June 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Prior therapies were divided into four types ( @entity136 -based [G], @entity1311 -based [P], @entity1205 -based [D], and @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitor [I]). Objective response rates (ORR) and progression-free survivals (PFS) for pemetrexed therapy were analyzed according to the response outcome with each previous treatment. RESULTS: The ORR of pemetrexed therapy was higher for @entity1 who had achieved partial response with previous [G] therapy than others (15.0% vs. 4.3%, p=0.02). In addition, median PFS for pemetrexed therapy was greater for responders to [G] than for nonresponders (3.0 months vs. 1.7 months, p=0.004). The longer PFS for responders to [G] was also shown in the analysis among @entity1 with @entity957 (3.2 months vs. 1.7 months, p=0.056). By univariate analyses, the variables of the responder to [G] therapy, female, @entity420 , never smoking status, and ECOG performance status of 0-1 were good predictive factors for pemetrexed therapy in terms of PFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that only response to [G] had statistical significance (hazard ratio=0.62, p=0.006). CONCLUSION: Response outcome to prior [G] therapy might predict the efficacy of subsequent pemetrexed therapy in advanced @entity1149 .

title: The relationship between response to previous systemic treatment and the efficacy of subsequent pemetrexed therapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Cataloguing gene expression during development of the genitourinary tract will increase our understanding not only of this process but also of @entity154 and disease affecting this organ system. We have developed a high-resolution ontology with which to describe the subcompartments of the developing @entity19 genitourinary tract. This ontology incorporates what can be defined histologically and begins to encompass other structures and cell types already identified at the molecular level. The ontology is being used to annotate in situ hybridisation data generated as part of the Genitourinary Development Molecular Anatomy Project (GUDMAP), a publicly available data resource on gene and protein expression during genitourinary development. The GUDMAP ontology encompasses @entity5 ( @entity5 ) 17-27 of development as well as the sexually mature adult. It has been written as a partonomic, text-based, hierarchical ontology that, for the embryological stages, has been developed as a high-resolution expansion of the existing Edinburgh @entity19 Atlas Project (EMAP) ontology. It also includes group terms for well-characterised structural and/or functional units comprising several sub-structures, such as the nephron and juxtaglomerular complex. Each term has been assigned a unique identification number. Synonyms have been used to improve the success of query searching and maintain wherever possible existing EMAP terms relating to this organ system. We describe here the principles and structure of the ontology and provide representative diagrammatic, histological, and whole mount and section RNA in situ hybridisation images to clarify the terms used within the ontology. Visual examples of how terms appear in different specimen types are also provided.

title: A high-resolution anatomical ontology of the developing XXXX genitourinary tract.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Theiler stage']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity30860 is a marine Bacillariophyta commonly used as live feed in mariculture. The growth rate and biochemical composition of microalgae are highly influenced by environmental factors such as, irradiance and nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three irradiances (60, 120 and 180 microE/m2.s) and two culture media (Algal and Humus) on growth and biochemical composition of this diatom. The microalga was grown semicontinuously at a daily renewal rate of fresh media of 30%, 37 per thousand salinity, 25 +/- 1 degree C and constant aeration (200 mL/min). The cell densities (cel/mL) and contents of protein, lipid, @entity1735 , @entity21364 , total carotenoids, and @entity1718 , showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments. During steady-state phase, the maximal cell density, and lipid and @entity1735 contents were of 4.62 x 10(6) cel/mL, 20.3 +/- 2.28% and 16.6 +/- 2.43%, respectively, and were achieved in Humus medium at 180 microE/ m2.s. Moreover, highest protein contents (45.0 +/- 5.05%) and total carotenoids (0.5 +/- 0.01%) were obtained in Algal medium at 180 microE/m2.s. Chlorophyll a (0.93 +/- 0.04%) was higher at low irradiances in Algal medium. In both media, the @entity1718 unsaturation degree was lower with increasing irradiance, being @entity7784 , 20:5 n-3 ( @entity8393 ) most represented (6.20%) in Algal medium at 60 microE/m2.s. This strain of @entity30860 showed multiple physiological responses to changes in culture conditions, and may be cultivated with an alternative medium, which reduced the operating costs and allowed a high nutritional biomass production value for animals under culture.

title: [Growth and biochemical composition of XXXX (Thalassiosirales: Thalassiosiraceae) cultivated in semicontinuous system at different culture media and irradiances].

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity21364 :: ('MESH:C085815|MESH:C032081', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll a']

entities_list: @entity30860 :: ('35128', 'Species') :: ['Thalassiosira pseudonana', 'T. pseudonana']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity30860 :: (35128,Species) :: ['thalassiosira pseudonana']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sporadic, genetically complex essential @entity400 (ET) is one of the most common @entity717 and may lead to severe impairment of the quality of life. Despite high heritability, the genetic determinants of ET are largely unknown. We performed the second genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ET to elucidate genetic risk factors of ET. METHODS: Using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide SNP Array 6.0 (1000K) we conducted a two-stage GWAS in a total of 990 subjects and 1,537 control subjects from Europe to identify genetic variants associated with ET. RESULTS: We discovered association of an intronic variant of the main glial @entity2227 transporter ( @entity9320 ) gene with ET in the first-stage sample ( @entity33903 , p = 6.95   10(-5), odds ratio [OR] = 1.46). We verified the association of @entity33903 with ET in a second-stage sample (p = 1.25   10(-3), OR = 1.38). In the subgroup analysis of @entity1 classified as definite ET, @entity33903 obtained genome-wide significance (p = 3.44   10(-10), OR = 1.59) in the combined first- and second-stage sample. Genetic fine mapping using nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium with @entity33903 did not reveal any SNP with a stronger association with ET than @entity33903 . CONCLUSIONS: We identified @entity9320 encoding the major glial high-affinity @entity2227 reuptake transporter in the brain as a potential ET susceptibility gene. Acute and chronic glutamatergic overexcitation is implied in the pathogenesis of ET. @entity9320 is therefore a good functional candidate gene for ET.

title: Polymorphisms in the glial @entity2227 transporter XXXX are associated with essential @entity400 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity9320 :: (6506,Gene) :: ['SLC1A2']


abstract: In isolated perfused @entity35 hearts reperfusion of the occluded left coronary artery led to @entity943 , their severity depending on the duration of the foregoing period of @entity296 . Simultaneously, high activities of the myocardial enzyme @entity908 kinase (CK) were released into the perfusion fluid. @entity3160 , blocking mainly alpha 1-adrenoceptors, and @entity3160 , blocking mainly alpha 2-adrenoceptors, concentration-dependently antagonized the reperfusion-induced @entity943 (3-30 mumol/l). The most severe kind of @entity943 , i.e., @entity2224 was completely prevented by 30 mumol/l of either drug. Also @entity943 occurring already during the period of @entity1563 were antagonized, as tested with @entity3160 . The @entity10343 blocking agent @entity1406 (1, and 10 mumol/l) had no effect at all against @entity943 , and the mainly alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulating agent @entity2647 markedly increased the severity of these rhythm disturbances. The release of @entity908 kinase during the coronary reperfusion was significantly decreased by @entity3160 , while the effect of @entity3160 was smaller and non-significant. @entity2647 markedly increased the enzyme leakage from the myocardium. In all hearts the extent of the ischaemic and @entity39 areas was determined. The percentage of the previously ischaemic area found @entity39 at the end of the reperfusion, depended on the duration of the @entity1563 . @entity3160 in a highly significant way decreased the area of @entity296 , an effect obtained to some extent also with @entity3160 . The findings suggest that alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation is involved in the genesis of @entity943 and @entity296 associated with @entity296 and reperfusion. Possible mechanisms of action of @entity3160 and @entity3160 are discussed, especially in view of the interrelationship between alpha-adrenoceptors and slow @entity460 channels.

title: Antagonistic effects of alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents on @entity943 , enzyme release, and @entity296 in isolated XXXX hearts with @entity1563 and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['Corynanthine', 'rauwolscine', 'corynanthine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia', 'myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'reperfusion arrhythmias']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. @entity1 subcutaneous resistance arteries (internal diameter 113-626 microns) were mounted in an isometric myograph. Electrical field stimulation was applied either continuously in the form of a frequency-response curve or intermittently at 16 Hz. The magnitude of the maximum contraction induced by continuous stimulation expressed as a percentage of the response to a supramaximal concentration of @entity1063 (10 microM) was highly variable but unrelated to vessel calibre. Contractile responses to both continuous and intermittent stimulation were abolished by 1 microM tetrodotoxin. 2. @entity3159 (100 nM and 1 microM, alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist) inhibited responses to continuous stimulation over a range of frequencies (2-8 Hz). The response to continuous stimulation at 8 Hz was inhibited by 78 +/- 6% by 1 microM @entity3159 . @entity3160 (100 nM, alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist) had a smaller effect on contractions induced by continuous stimulation. @entity3160 inhibited the response at 8 Hz by 36 +/- 6%. @entity3160 at a higher concentration (1 microM) caused further inhibition of the response to continuous stimulation. @entity3159 and @entity3160 in combination almost completely inhibited the response to continuous stimulation at concentrations of 1 microM. 3. @entity3159 and @entity3160 inhibited responses to intermittent stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 for this action of @entity3159 was 3.7 +/- 1.6 nM and the maximum inhibition induced by 100 nM @entity3159 was 78 +/- 6%. The IC50 of @entity3160 was 12.0 +/- 1.3 nM and 100 nM @entity3160 caused a 86 +/- 7% reduction in the response to intermittent stimulation. @entity3159 and @entity3160 in combination (each at 100 nM) caused marked inhibition of the response to intermittent stimulation leaving only 7.0 +/- 2.6% of the response.4. These data suggest that neurally released @entity1063 evokes contractions of @entity1 resistance arteries by activation of both alpha 1,- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors postjunctionally.

title: Neurally evoked responses of XXXX isolated resistance arteries are mediated by both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine', 'Rauwolscine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This paper reports on a nurse's experience helping alleviate psychosomatic symptoms in a @entity146 outpatient suffering from @entity308 . It was found that the OPD @entity1 had been suffering from @entity308 as well as long-time tension and @entity158 . Between April 10th and July 24th, 2008, the author employed holistic nursing assessment and collected data through both observation and interview. Three major care problems were identified, including ineffective individual coping, @entity1118 , and @entity25 . Focusing nursing care on relaxation techniques and biofeedback, the author discussed the problems with the @entity1 and then implemented relaxation training and biofeedback training sessions as well as nursing care plans, which averaged 45~60 minutes per time for 8 times. Sessions included interviews, relaxation techniques (e.g., progressive muscular relaxation, meditative relaxation, meditation, music and abdominal breathing) and visual feedback measured by a biofeedback device with a thermistor sensor. During sessions, the @entity1 was clearly motivated to change and participated actively. Furthermore, the @entity1 not only became gradually aware of both the inner feeling of relaxation and etiology of psychosomatic symptoms, but also learned relaxation strategies for coping with life stressors. After therapy, the @entity1 's self-control over relaxation had improved considerably and care problems were resolved satisfactorily. Also, the @entity1 could increasingly incorporate relaxation into daily life routines.

title: [The application of relaxation techniques and biofeedback to an outpatient with XXXX : a nurse's experience].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression disorder']


abstract: Extensive research has been carried out in Eastern Africa for animal reservoirs of both visceral and @entity4536 . The domestic @entity235 has been the only domestic animal so far implicated as a possible reservoir for @entity234 . For @entity4536 caused by @entity3667 aethiopica, the hyrax and the giant @entity35 are the proven reservoirs of the disease while several species of rodents have been demonstrated to harbor @entity3667 . Recent studies conducted in domestic animals in West Pokot led to the first isolation of leishmanial parasites from a @entity1237 , a close associate of @entity1 in the vast endemic @entity232 foci. Consequent encounter of a clinical case of the disease is the basis for this paper. It is the first autochthonous case in Eastern Africa. The @entity1237 originated from the Western escarpments of the Rift Valley which are known to harbor L. aethiopica. Clinical signs included lesions, indurations, and enlargement of lymph nodes. Parasitological and pathological investigations revealed amastigotes in various tissues. Cultures of the affected tissues produced promastigotes.

title: XXXX in Kenya: description of @entity232 of a @entity1237 from Transmara, Narok District, Kenya.

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity1237 :: ('9925', 'Species') :: ['domestic goat', 'goat']

answer: @entity232 :: (MESH:D007896,Disease) :: ['Leishmaniasis']