abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30180 (SE) causes @entity1 @entity281 that clinically resemble @entity281 due to @entity4195 (SP). SE expresses several virulence determinants initially identified in SP, including genes encoding streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins. SE isolates from @entity1 with @entity137 were found to harbor a gene designated spegg, which is similar to the SP pyrogenic exotoxin-G gene, termed @entity21511 . Other streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins known to exist in SP were not detected. METHODS: To determine the prevalence of the superantigen gene, spegg, we examined 65 invasive SE from @entity1 presenting from 1989 to 2008 with @entity2259 secondary to a variety of illnesses including two @entity1 who fulfilled the criteria for @entity137 , in comparison with 46 noninvasive pharyngeal isolates. All isolates were tested for the presence of spegg by polymerase chain reaction. Forty-four of the 65 blood isolates were also characterized by emm typing. RESULTS: spegg was identified in 49.2% and 69.5% of the blood and pharyngeal isolates, respectively. emm typing revealed the presence of 13 distinct types. There was no association between clinical presentation and the presence of spegg. We found an association between the presence of spegg and the emm type (p < 0.001). The emm types stG485 and stG840 were more frequent among spegg positive isolates, and stG4222, @entity17649 6, and stG166b were associated with spegg negative isolates. CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of spegg in invasive and noninvasive SE isolates, associated with specific emm types. Our finding suggests that this gene does not have a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2259 .

title: Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin G gene in  blood and pharyngeal isolates of XXXX has a limited role in pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity30180 :: ('119602', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity30180 :: (119602,Species) :: ['Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe characteristics of @entity191 by sex and determine if differences in disease progression exist. DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational study. SETTING: Twenty-one National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence. @entity1 : @entity1 (N  = 4,679; 63%  @entity1 and 37%  @entity1 ) with @entity191 . METHODS: Demographic and clinical data at enrollment and after 1 year were collected. We defined progression as a 1-year change in the following functional health outcome measures: (a) health-related quality of life ( @entity191 Questionnaire-39), (b) Timed Up and Go test, (c) cognitive function, and (d) number of medications. We compared baseline characteristics between @entity1 and @entity1 . Then, linear regression models were built to assess the independent contribution of sex to progression. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1 were significantly more likely to be older and have greater disease severity and more comorbidities than @entity1 despite similar duration of disease. This finding corresponded to worse function as assessed by the @entity191 Questionnaire-39 and Timed Up and Go test but not to number of medications and cognitive function. After 1 year, declines across all functional measures except delayed recall occurred. No significant changes in @entity191 Questionnaire-39, Timed Up and Go, number of medications, or verbal fluency between @entity1 and @entity1 occurred. @entity1 had a more significant improvement in delayed recall than @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Numerous small baseline differences occurred between @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1726 , although differences in markers of progression were few. Findings suggest that clinical manifestations and prognosis appear similar by sex under the same treatment conditions.

title: Sex Differences in the Clinical Progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: The two main causes of @entity360 in @entity82 are oesophageal varices and @entity101 ( @entity101 ). Rebleeding from varices can be prevented by beta-blockers, but it is not clear whether these drugs effectively reduce rebleeding from @entity101 . 54 cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity548 from severe @entity101 took part in a randomised, controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of @entity1169 in prevention of rebleeding from @entity101 . 26 @entity1 were randomised to receive @entity1169 daily at a dose that reduced the resting heart rate by 25% or to 55 bpm (20-160 mg twice daily), throughout mean follow-up of 21 (SD 11) months. 28 untreated controls were followed-up, with the same examinations, for 18 (13) months. The actuarial percentages of @entity1 free of rebleeding from @entity101 were significantly higher in the @entity1169 -treated @entity1 than in the untreated controls at 12 months (65% vs 38%; p less than 0.05) and at 30 months of follow-up (52% vs 7%; p less than 0.05). @entity1169 -treated @entity1 had fewer episodes of acute @entity548 than controls (0.010 [0.004] vs 0.120 [0.040] per @entity1 per month). Multivariate analysis showed that absence of @entity1169 treatment was the only predictive variable for rebleeding. Actuarial survival was slightly higher in the @entity1169 group than in the controls, but the difference was not significant. Thus, long-term @entity1169 treatment significantly reduces the frequency of rebleeding from severe @entity101 , and may improve the prognosis of cirrhotic @entity1 with this disorder.

title: XXXX in prevention of recurrent @entity548 from severe @entity101 in @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['PHG', 'portal hypertensive gastropathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'acute or chronic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['Propranolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in developing non-pharmacological treatments to address the @entity73 apparent in @entity191 @entity303 and @entity303 with @entity1832 . Cognitive rehabilitation is a goal-oriented behavioural intervention which focuses on improving everyday functioning through management of @entity73 ; it has been shown to be effective in @entity195 . To date, no studies have assessed its potential efficacy for addressing the impact of @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity191 or @entity303 with @entity1832 . METHODS/DESIGN: @entity1 (n   =   45) will be recruited from @entity717 , care for the elderly and memory clinics. Inclusion criteria include: a diagnosis of @entity191 , @entity191 @entity303 or @entity303 with @entity1832 according to consensus criteria and an Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - III score of   <=    82. Exclusion criteria include: a diagnosis of any other significant @entity16 ; major @entity146 , including @entity308 , which is not related to the @entity1 's @entity191 and unstable medication use for their physical or cognitive symptoms. A single-blind pilot randomised controlled trial, with concurrent economic evaluation, will compare the relative efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation with that of two control conditions. Following a goal-setting interview, the @entity1 will be randomised to one of the three study arms: cognitive rehabilitation (eight weekly sessions), relaxation therapy (eight weekly sessions) or treatment as usual. Randomisation and treatment group allocation will be carried out by a clinical trials unit using a dynamic adaptive sequential randomisation algorithm. The primary outcomes are @entity1 ' perceived goal attainment at a 2-months post-intervention assessment and a 6-months follow-up. Secondary outcomes include @entity1 ' objective cognitive performance (on tests of memory and executive function) and satisfaction with goal attainment, carers' perception of @entity1 ' goal attainment and @entity1 ' and carers' health status and psychosocial well-being, measured at the same time points. Cost-effectiveness will be examined to explore the design of a larger cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a full trial. DISCUSSION: This pilot study will evaluate the application of cognitive rehabilitation for the management of @entity73 associated with @entity191 @entity303 and @entity303 with @entity1832 . The results of the study will inform the design of a fully powered randomised controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN16584442 DOI 10.1186/ISRCTN16584442 13 April 2015.

title: Cognitive rehabiliation for XXXX demantia: a study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive difficulties']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: RNA aptamers against @entity291 @entity47822 (bPrP) were obtained, most of the obtained aptamers being found to contain the r(GGAGGAGGAGGA) (R12) sequence. Then, it was revealed that R12 binds to both bPrP and its beta-isoform with high affinity. Here, we present the structure of R12. This is the first report on the structure of an RNA aptamer against @entity47822 . R12 forms an intramolecular parallel quadruplex. The quadruplex contains G:G:G:G tetrad and G(:A):G:G(:A):G hexad planes. Two quadruplexes form a dimer through intermolecular hexad-hexad stacking. Two @entity376 clusters of bPrP have been identified as binding sites for R12. The electrostatic interaction between the uniquely arranged @entity1391 groups of R12 and the @entity376 clusters is suggested to be responsible for the affinity of R12 to bPrP. The stacking interaction between the G:G:G:G tetrad planes and @entity2340 residues may also contribute to the affinity. One R12 dimer molecule is supposed to simultaneously bind the two @entity376 clusters of one bPrP molecule, resulting in even higher affinity. The atomic coordinates of R12 would be useful for the development of R12 as a therapeutic agent against @entity1579 and @entity195 .

title: Unique quadruplex structure and interaction of an RNA aptamer against @entity291 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity47822 :: (281427(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['prion protein']


abstract: @entity983 (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is a dual-specificity lipid and protein phosphatase. The loss of @entity983 was originally discovered in numerous @entity1 @entity5 . @entity983 inhibition by @entity51549 ( @entity15882 ) reduces @entity16 after @entity2806 . The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal neuroprotective dose of @entity15882 when administrated after focal @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury in @entity35 . Focal I/R injury was induced using the middle cerebral @entity432 method. @entity15882 at doses of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally just after reperfusion, with saline serving as a vehicle control. A maximal @entity1545 was observed with 1.0 mg/kg @entity15882 . This dose of @entity15882 also significantly blocked apoptosis in the penumbral cortex of @entity35 . This beneficial effect was associated with the increasing levels of @entity584 phosphorylation in the penumbral cortex. These results demonstrate that the pharmacological inhibition of @entity983 protects against I/R injury in a dose-dependent manner and the protective effect might be induced through upregulation of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/ @entity584 pro-survival pathway, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy to combat @entity2806 .

title: Dose-Dependent Protective Effect of @entity51549 against Acute @entity2806 in a XXXX Model of @entity63 /Reperfusion Injury.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity51549 :: ('MESH:C472777', 'Chemical') :: ['bisperoxovanadium']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: @entity1 metallothionein (MT) and @entity1457 protein 70 (hsp70) cRNA probes cross-hybridized with the respective @entity291 mRNAs under high-stringency conditions, suggesting DNA sequence conservation of the two genes. Released primary @entity291 articular chondrocytes expressed MT and hsp70 mRNAs constitutively at variable levels, suggesting a possible physiological role of these proteins in cartilage. In first-passage chondrocytes both @entity10278 and @entity21482 induced MT and hsp70 mRNAs. However, @entity10278 and @entity21482 were better inducers of hsp70 and MT mRNAs relative to @entity33168 . Serum, interleukin-1, and @entity619 also induced MT but not hsp70 mRNAs. @entity4316 severely reduced the basal and metal-induced expression of MT and hsp70 mRNAs, suggesting transcriptional control. Inclusion of @entity1880 , an inhibitor of protein synthesis, along with the metal inducers did not influence hsp70 induction but resulted in superinduction of MT mRNA, possibly due to the post-transcriptional stabilization of polysomes. MT and hsp70 induction by metals is therefore independent of de novo protein synthesis. These results demonstrate the potential of articular chondrocytes to express mRNAs for the two stress proteins in response to various physiologically relevant agents by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. MTs and hsp70 are likely to have important functions in cartilage metabolism under normal and pathological conditions.

title: Basal and inducible expression of metallothionein and @entity1457 protein 70 genes in XXXX articular chondrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the changes in @entity972 following rapid sequence induction with @entity2900 in critically ill- @entity1 and determine whether hospital length of stay could influence the @entity2900 -induced hyperkaliemia. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective and observational study. @entity1 AND METHODS: After approval by our local ethical committee, we prospectively included 36 @entity1 admitted from more than 24hours in ICU and who required @entity2900 for rapid tracheal intubation (1mg/kg). Serum @entity972 was measured before, 5 and 30min after @entity2900 . The incidence of life-threatening hyperkaliemia (>= 6.5mmol/L) was noted. RESULTS: We could observe significant and transient increase in serum @entity972 (median increase of 0.45 [0.20-0.80] mmol/L at five minutes). A significant relationship was observed between the ICU length of stay and arterial @entity972 increase (r=0.37, P<0.05). From the ROC curve, a threshold of 12 days had an 86% sensitivity and 69% specificity in discriminating @entity1 in whom the @entity972 increase was more than 1.5mmol/L. CONCLUSION: Induction with @entity2900 is followed by significant but transient hyperkaliema. The ICU length of stay before giving @entity2900 could influence significantly the amplitude of @entity972 increase.

title: [Changes in kaliemia following rapid sequence induction with @entity2900 in critically ill XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We compare the absorption of irrigant fluid during gyrus plasmakinetic transurethral prostatectomy (PK-TURP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). @entity1 AND METHODS: 42 @entity1 with clinical @entity1067 were randomly assigned to undergo PK-TURP or TURP. In the PK-TURP group 0.9% @entity1219 was used as an irrigation fluid and 1.5% @entity2228 in the TURP group. By adding @entity1068 to the irrigation fluids 1% @entity1068 -containing solutions were formed. All operations were carried out under spinal anesthesia and @entity167 concentration of the ventilated air measurements were made just at the beginning of the operation, every 10 min peroperatively and at the end of the operation by using an alcoholmeter. RESULTS: There was no difference in age, prostate volume and the length of operation time in either group. In both groups, the estimated absorbed fluid volume increased with the duration of surgery (p < 0.05). The difference between mean fluid absorption during PK-TURP and during TURP was the statistically significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: PK-TURP operation causes lesser absorption of the irrigation fluid than the TURP operation. The lesser absorption of irrigation fluid and using saline instead of @entity2228 decreases the risk of @entity751 .

title: Comparison of transurethral resection and plasmakinetic transurethral resection applications with regard to fluid absorption amounts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['TUR syndrome']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of bone marrow-derived cells (BMC) transplantation in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have not been established. The present meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with follow-up >=  2 years was performed to investigate the long-term effects of BMC therapy in @entity1 after @entity583 . METHODS: Specific terms were used to conduct a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the China Biological Medicine Disk database from their inception to March 2012. A standardized protocol was used to extract information, and random effect model was used to analyze all data except major adverse events. RESULTS: Five trials comprising 510 @entity1 were included. Compared with controls, BMC therapy significantly improved @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) (4.18%, 95%CI: 2.02% to 6.35%, P = 0.0002), while mildly but not significantly reduced left ventricular end-systolic volume (-4.47 ml, 95%CI: -10.92 to 1.99, P = 0.17) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (-2.29 ml, 95%CI: -9.96 to 5.39, P = 0.56). Subgroup analysis revealed that significant improvement of @entity1002 induced by BMC therapy could be observed in @entity1 with baseline @entity1002  <= 42%, but disappeared in those with baseline @entity1002 > 42%. There were trends in favor of BMC therapy for most major clinical adverse events, though most differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary BMC infusion in @entity1 with @entity583 seems to be safe and may further improve @entity1002 on top of standard therapy; especially the beneficial effects could last for long term. The findings need to be validated in the future.

title: Long-term effects of bone marrow-derived cells transplantation in @entity1 with XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the toxic effect of @entity3163 ( @entity7034 ) on the @entity2199 @entity2199 ( @entity2199 ). METHODS: Adult @entity2199 were exposed to different concentrations of @entity7034 (0.038 mmol/L, 0.38 mmol/L, and 3.8 mmol/L) for 24 h. To assess the physiological effects of @entity7034 , the brood size, life span, head thrashes, and body bend frequency were examined. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and cell apoptosis were detected as parameters of biochemical response. The gene expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess the molecular-level response. RESULTS: At the physiological level, the brood size of @entity2199 exposed to 0.038 mmol/L, 0.38 mmol/L, and 3.8 mmol/L concentrations of @entity7034 were reduced by 6%, 26%, and 28% respectively in comparison with the control group. The maximum life spans of @entity2199 exposed to 0.038 mmol/L, 0.38 mmol/L, and 3.8 mmol/L concentrations of @entity7034 were reduced by 3 days and 5 days, respectively. Head thrashes and body bend frequency both decreased with increasing concentrations of @entity7034 . At the biochemical level, the production of ROS and the incidence of cell apoptosis increased with increasing concentrations of @entity7034 (P < 0.05). At the molecular level, different concentrations of @entity7034 exposure raised the expression of stress-related genes, such as @entity27764 , @entity40037 , @entity45442 , @entity45443 , @entity45444 , and @entity45445 . CONCLUSION: @entity7034 exposure could induce multiple biological @entity137 to @entity2199 in a concentration-dependent manner. These @entity137 may be relevant to the oxidative stress induced by increased ROS production and accumulation in @entity2199 .

title: @entity137 of @entity3163 to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2862 -enhanced MRI is a relatively inexpensive and straightforward technique that facilitates regional assessments of pulmonary ventilation. In this report, we assess its suitability through the use of @entity16681 ( @entity16991 ) in a cohort of @entity1 subjects with normal lungs and subjects with @entity358 . METHODS: Twenty-eight subjects between the ages of 18 and 71 years were recruited for imaging and were classified based on spirometry findings and medical history. Imaging was carried out on a Siemens TIM Trio 3T MRI scanner using two-dimensional, gradient echo, fast low-angle shot and three-dimensional gradient echo, volumetric, interpolated, breath-hold examination sequences for proton localizers and PFP functional scans, respectively. Respiratory waveforms and physiologic signals of interest were monitored throughout the imaging sessions. A region-growing algorithm was applied to the proton localizers to define the lung field of view for analysis of the PFP scans. RESULTS: All subjects tolerated the gas mixture well with no adverse side effects. Images of healthy lungs demonstrated a homogeneous distribution of the gas with sufficient signal-to-noise ratios, while lung images from asthmatic and emphysematous lungs demonstrated increased heterogeneity and ventilation defects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2862 -enhanced MRI using a normoxic PFP gas mixture is a well-tolerated, radiation-free technique for regionally assessing pulmonary ventilation. The inherent physical characteristics and applicability of the gaseous agent within a magnetic resonance setting facilitated a clear differentiation between normal and diseased lungs.

title: @entity16681 gas as a magnetic resonance lung imaging contrast agent in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity16681 :: ('MESH:C042852', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluoropropane']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: 1. Opioids have been shown to inhibit substance @entity10133 ) release from primary afferent neurones (PAN). In addition, opioid receptors have been identified on PAN of the vagus nerves. @entity9992 (SCG) decreases the excitability of C-fibres in the lung of the @entity235 in vivo. We have utilised a multi-superfusion system to investigate the effect of opioids and SCG on the release of SP from the @entity35 @entity825 in vitro. 2. Pretreatment of newborn @entity35 with @entity2951 (50 mg kg-1 s.c. at day 1 and 2 of life) resulted in a 93.2 +/- 6.3% reduction in tracheal substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) content when determined by radioimmunoassay in the adult. 3. Exposure to isotonically elevated @entity972 concentrations (37-90 mM), @entity2951 (100 nM-10 microM), and @entity1812 (BK; 10nm-1 microM) but not des-Arg9-BK (1 microM) stimulated SP-LI release by a @entity460 -dependent mechanism. 4. SCG (1 microM and 100 microM) did not affect spontaneous, @entity972 (60 mM)- or BK (1 microM)-stimulated SP-LI release. 5. @entity1286 (0.1-100 microM) caused dose-related inhibition of @entity972 (60 mM)-stimulated SP-LI release with the greatest inhibition of 60.4 +/- 13.7% at 100 microM. The effect of @entity1286 was not mimicked by the kappa-opioid receptor agonist, U50,488H (10 microM) or the delta-opioid receptor agonist, Tyr-(D-Pen)-Gly-Phe-(D-Pen) ( @entity13848 ). 6. The effect of @entity1286 was totally abolished by prior and concomitant exposure to @entity1510 (100 nM) which had no effect on control release values. 7. We conclude that opioid receptors, predominantly of the MM-opioid receptor subtype, inhibit SP-LI release from PAN in the @entity35 @entity825 and suggest that centrally inactive MM-opioid receptor agonists may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of @entity565 .

title: @entity1286 , but not @entity9992 , modulates the release of substance P from XXXX -sensitive neurones in the @entity35 @entity825 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine', 'morphine']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of distal filter protection alone is associated with a high risk of @entity63 complications when vulnerable @entity543 is treated by @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ). Double balloon protection, a combination of distal balloon protection and proximal @entity432 , can be utilized. We assessed the outcome and complications of the double balloon protection method for vulnerable @entity543 . METHODS: Among 130 @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 from 2009 to 2014, we enrolled the following @entity1 : those whose @entity75 was vulnerable as evaluated by MRI, i.e., a signal ratio of plaque to posterior cervical muscle on T1-weighted images before @entity2998 of >= 1.5, and those who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) studies within 48  h after the procedure. Ninety @entity1 were enrolled. We investigated DWI findings of the double balloon protection group compared with those of the simple distal balloon protection and distal filter protection groups. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 (71  %) underwent double balloon protection, 15 @entity1 (17  %) simple distal balloon protection, and 11 @entity1 (12  %) distal filter protection. Symptomatic @entity887 and new lesions on DWI after @entity2998 were significantly less common in @entity1 undergoing double balloon protection compared to distal balloon protection or distal filter protection (0  % vs. 20  %, 9  %, P   <   0.01, and 30  % vs. 67  %, 82  %, P   <   0.01, respectively). Logistic regression analysis also identified the odds ratio of double balloon protection for new lesions on DWI after @entity2998 of 0.23 (95  % confidence interval: 0.07-0.70, P   <   0.01) compared to simple distal protections. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 for vulnerable @entity543 , double balloon protection was an independent significant factor associated with a reduction in the risk of new lesions on DWI after the procedure compared to conventional distal protections.

title: Double balloon protection during @entity2998 for vulnerable XXXX reduces the incidence of new @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been proved to participate in a wide variety of processes, including growth, differentiation, cell proliferation, @entity204 and sex differentiation. The roles of FGF9/16/20 subfamily members in the gonadal development of teleost fish have not yet been reported. Three FGFs (16, 20a and 20b) of the FGF9/16/20 subfamily were cloned from the @entity6373 by RT-PCR and RACE. Phylogenetic, bioinformatic and syntenic analyses demonstrated that these cloned FGFs are genuine @entity48248 , 20a and 20b. Our analyses further supported the non-existence of FGF9 ortholog and the existence of two FGF20 paralogs in teleost genomes. Tissue distribution analysis by RT-PCR demonstrated that @entity48248 was expressed in a wide range of tissues including the testis and ovary, @entity48249 in the brain, pituitary, intestine and ovary, but not in the testis, while @entity48250 in the brain, pituitary and spleen, but not in the gonad. These results were consistent with the Northern blot analysis. The expression profiles of @entity48248 and @entity48249 during normal and sex reversed gonadal development were investigated by real-time PCR. Both showed much higher expression in the XX ovary and 17 beta- @entity53 induced @entity15776 ovary compared with the @entity15776 testis and @entity2628 and @entity440 induced XX testis, with the highest in both sexes at 120  dah. Strong signals of @entity48248 and @entity48249 were detected in phase II oocytes by in situ hybridization. These data suggest that FGF9/16/20 subfamily is involved in the early oocyte development of the female.

title: Involvement of FGF9/16/20 subfamily in female germ cell development of the XXXX , @entity6373 .

entities_list: @entity2628 :: ('MESH:D017316', 'Chemical') :: ['fadrozole']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity6373 :: ('8128', 'Species') :: ['Nile tilapia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['migration, sex determination']

answer: @entity6373 :: (8128,Species) :: ['Nile tilapia']


abstract: The 12 genes which in @entity2624 constitute the @entity369 regulon are organized in nine transcriptional units all of which contain in their 5' non-coding region two 18 bp partially conserved imperfect palindromes ( @entity534 boxes) which are the target sites for binding of the repressor, a hexameric protein. In vitro binding experiments with purified repressor (a gift from W. K. Maas) were performed on the operator sites of four genes, argA, argD, argF, argG, and of two operons, carAb and the bipolar argECBH cluster. A compilation of results obtained by DNase I and @entity3787 radical footprinting clearly indicates that in each case the repressor binds symmetrically to four helical turns covering adjacent pairs of boxes separated by 3 bp, but to one face of the DNA only. Methylation protection experiments bring to light major base contacts with four highly conserved G residues symmetrically distributed in four consecutive major grooves. Symmetrical contacts in the minor groove with A residues have also been identified. Stoichiometry experiments suggest that a single hexameric repressor molecule binds to a pair of adjacent @entity534 boxes. Although the wild-type operator consists of a pair of adjacent @entity534 boxes separated by 3 bp (except argR where there are only 2 bp), repressor can bind to a single box but with a greatly reduced affinity. Therefore, adjacent boxes behave co-operatively with respect to the @entity534 repressor binding, in the sense that the presence of one box largely stimulates the binding of the properly located second box. The optimal distance separating two boxes is 3 bp, but one bp more or less does not abolish this stimulation effect. However, it is completely abolished by the introduction of two or more additional bp unless a full helical turn is introduced. Large variations in the in vivo repression response between individual @entity369 genes or a wild-type gene and cognate Oc type mutants are not reflected by similar differences in the in vitro binding results where only small differences are observed. The significance of this lack of correlation is discussed.

title: @entity369 regulon of XXXX . A study of repressor-operator interactions and of in vitro binding affinities versus in vivo repression.

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity2624 :: (83333,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli K-12']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Esophagectomy is the main method of treating @entity1 with @entity418 . Tubular stomach and whole stomach approaches may be used for esophagectomy. However, it is not known to what extent these surgical methods are associated with postoperative recurrence and @entity3 . Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of the tubular and whole stomach approaches on postoperative recurrence and @entity3 in @entity418 @entity1 . One hundred and twenty-one @entity1 that were diagnosed with @entity418 by gastroscopic biopsy between March 2010 and March 2011 in Taian Central Hospital, China, were recruited into this study. There were 67 cases in the gastric tube group and 54 cases in whole stomach group. All of the @entity1 underwent esophagectomy and there were no mortalities during surgery. All @entity1 completed the follow-up period. The rates of recurrence or @entity3 1 and 2 years after surgery in the gastric tube group were observed to be lower than those in the whole stomach group. The two-year survival rates of the gastric tube group and whole stomach group were 80 and 61%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the survival rate between the two groups (P=0.016). In conclusion, this study suggests that @entity418 @entity1 may gain a mid-term benefit from gastric tube reconstruction.

title: Gastric tube reconstruction prevents postoperative recurrence and XXXX of @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity6192 neurons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus to the median eminence control @entity2339 activity. However, @entity6192 neurons outside the PVN as well as PVN neurons projecting to sites other than the median eminence also contribute to the stress response and may play a role in mood and @entity148 . We have attempted to investigate possible noradrenergic and opioid regulation of these non-HPA @entity6192 neurons. We hypothesized that @entity3160 (an alpha2-adrenergic antagonist) would have stimulatory action on non-HPA @entity6192 neurons, whereas @entity1510 (a mu-opioid receptor antagonist) would not have this effect. Adult normal volunteers received i.v. @entity3160 (n = 5; 0.4 microg/kg), @entity1510 (n = 4; 125 microg/kg), or placebo (n = 3; 0.9% saline). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected continuously, and concentrations of CSF @entity6192 , CSF @entity1063 (NE), and plasma @entity701 were measured. Administration of either @entity3160 or @entity1510 caused significant increases in plasma @entity701 concentrations over time. Although @entity3160 robustly increased CSF NE levels and appeared to increase CSF @entity6192 levels, these effects were not seen after @entity1510 or placebo administration. Intraindividual correlations were not observed between the measured concentrations of plasma @entity701 and CSF @entity6192 for any of the subjects. The results support the idea that CSF @entity6192 concentrations reflect the activity of non-HPA @entity6192 neurons. Although both @entity3160 and @entity1510 stimulated the @entity2339 , only @entity3160 appeared to have stimulatory effects on central NE and non-HPA @entity6192 .

title: Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing hormone in healthy humans: effects of @entity3160 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Internal anal sphincter (IAS) function can be expected in approximately 75% of cases of high or intermediate @entity10645 reconstruction if the @entity292 region is preserved and transposed to become the new anal canal. METHODS: To investigate the morphology of the IAS structure, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed postoperatively in 14 @entity1 operated on with @entity91 ( @entity91 ) and @entity292 -preserving technique. The results were compared with the appearance of the anal canal in seven normal @entity1 . In addition, comparison was made with the images of five @entity1 operated on with earlier pull-through techniques, in which the @entity292 region was resected. RESULTS: In all @entity1 operated on with @entity91 and @entity292 -preserving technique, the MRI displayed an IAS-like smooth muscle structure encircling a closed anal canal. In comparison with normal controls, the image of this IAS was more irregular and had greater variations in thickness in different directions. Moreover, the area of the IAS structure was larger in comparison with the controls. Eleven of the 14 @entity1 showed a positive rectoanal inhibition reflex in rectoanal manometry. However, the MR findings of the three cases lacking the reflex were not different compared with the rest of the group. The five @entity1 operated on with earlier techniques demonstrated an open anal canal without a measurable IAS smooth muscle component. CONCLUSIONS: An IAS smooth muscle structure was seen by MRI in all @entity1 operated on with @entity91 and @entity292 -preserving technique independently of the severity of the @entity600 and the postoperative physiological IAS function. However, this structure was in most cases more voluminous and irregular compared with normal controls.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of anal sphincters after reconstruction of high or intermediate @entity10645 with XXXX and @entity292 -preserving technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10645 :: ('MESH:C567938', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['posterior sagittal anorectoplasty', 'PSARP']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['posterior sagittal anorectoplasty']


abstract: @entity935 (DA) causes a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of motor neuron bursts [virtual ventilation (fR)] produced by deafferented crab ventilatory pattern generators ( @entity11652 ). @entity2211 , a D2-specific DA antagonist, by itself reversibly depresses fR and also blocks the stimulatory effects of DA. @entity750 ( @entity750 ) has no direct effects on this @entity11652 . @entity1239 also causes dramatic dose-dependent increases in the frequency of motor bursts from the @entity11652 . The action is triphasic, beginning with an initial reversal of burst pattern typical of reversed-mode ventilation, followed by a 2- to 3-min period of @entity308 and then a long period of elevated burst rate. @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) alone is ineffective, but in the presence of @entity2607 is moderately stimulatory. The inhibitory effects of @entity1239 are only partially blocked by curare. The excitatory action of @entity1239 is blocked by prior perfusion of @entity2211 , but not by @entity29746 .HCl, a D1-specific DA antagonist. @entity29746 had no effects on the ongoing pattern of firing. These observations support the hypothesis that dopaminergic pathways are involved in the maintenance of the @entity11652 rhythm and that the acceleratory effects of @entity1239 may involve release of DA either directly or via stimulation of atypical ACh receptors at intraganglionic sites.

title: XXXX and @entity1239 , but not @entity750 , modulate the crustacean ventilatory pattern generator.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5HT', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone', 'Domperidone']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine chloride']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: A 78-year-old @entity1 seen in June 2005 for chest abnormal shadows after 3 months of @entity134 therapy for @entity1333 associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies was found in chest computed tomography (CT) revealed @entity4595 and small nodules in the @entity11294 . Sputum cultures were positive for @entity4594 . Based on a diagnosis of @entity358 , the woman underwent antimycobacterial therapy with @entity4581 , @entity1215 , and @entity3110 for 10 months. She was then admitted in June 2009 with right @entity662 . Chest CT showed consolidation shadows with @entity11294 and left @entity1143 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that Th7-Th8 vertebral bodies had collapsed. A vertebral body specimen obtained by CT-guided biopsy was positive for @entity4594 . Based on a diagnosis of @entity4034 due to @entity4594 , she underwent antimycobacterial therapy with @entity4581 (800 mg), @entity1215 (450 mg), @entity3110 (750 mg), and @entity3639 (750 mg). After 4 weeks of antimycobacterial therapy, she underwent radical debridement and decompression surgery with anterior and posterior spinal fusion. Four weeks postoperatively, @entity3639 was discontinued. We continued @entity4581 , @entity1215 , and @entity3110 for 18 months, and no recurrence was detected. Although @entity4034 due to nontuberculous mycobacteria is rare, clinicians should consider the combination of nontuberculous @entity4593 and @entity4034 in cases such at these.

title: [A case of @entity4594 @entity358 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity4594 :: ('1767', 'Species') :: ['M. intracellulare', 'Mycobacterium intracellulare']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity4593 :: ('MESH:D009165', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacteriosis']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity11294 :: ('MESH:D008878', 'Disease') :: ['right middle lobe and left lingula', 'bronchiectasis in the right middle lobe and the left lingula']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Scarce data are available on the occurrence of symptomatic @entity932 related to intravenous thrombolysis for @entity64 in South America. We aimed to address the frequency and clinical predictors of symptomatic @entity932 after @entity64 thrombolysis at our tertiary emergency unit in Brazil. METHOD: We reviewed the clinical and radiological data of 117 consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 treated with intravenous thrombolysis in our hospital between May 2001 and April 2010. We compared our results with those of the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in @entity64 registry. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with symptomatic intracranial transformation. RESULTS: In total, 113 cases from the initial sample were analyzed. The median National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score was 16 (interquartile range: 10-20). The median onset-to-treatment time was 188 minutes (interquartile range: 155-227). There were seven symptomatic @entity932 (6.2%; Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in @entity64 registry: 4.9%; p = 0.505). In the univariate analysis, current statin treatment and elevated National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale scores were related to symptomatic @entity932 . After the multivariate analysis, current @entity1780 treatment was the only factor independently associated with symptomatic @entity932 . CONCLUSIONS: In this series of Brazilian @entity1 with severe @entity64 treated with intravenous thrombolysis in a public university hospital at a late treatment window, we found no increase in the rate of symptomatic @entity932 . Additional studies are necessary to clarify the possible association between statins and the risk of symptomatic @entity932 after @entity64 thrombolysis.

title: Frequency and predictors of symptomatic XXXX after intravenous thrombolysis for acute @entity385 in a Brazilian public hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages', 'intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Toxoplasmosis is the most common @entity1292 of the central nervous system in @entity1 with the @entity791 ( @entity791 ). To investigate its clinical course, we reviewed the records of 115 @entity1 with @entity791 and @entity27775 treated at San Francisco General Hospital between 1981 and 1990. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms were @entity10 (in 55 percent), @entity911 (52 percent), and @entity221 (47 percent). Focal @entity51 were present in 79 @entity1 (69 percent). The median @entity404 cell count at presentation was 50 per cubic millimeter (50 x 10(6) per liter). Thirteen of 80 @entity1 with clinical @entity3252 (16 percent) and 4 of 18 @entity1 with pathologically proved disease (22 percent) had undetectable antitoxoplasma IgG antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of 103 @entity1 , 94 (91 percent) had enhancing lesions on CT. @entity75 were seen in 28 of 103 @entity1 (27 percent) on CT, and such lesions were seen in 3 of 21 @entity1 (14 percent) on magnetic resonance imaging. Over 90 percent of @entity1 who eventually had clinical and radiographic improvement had evidence of improvement by day 14 of therapy. @entity137 occurred in 71 @entity1 (62 percent) and led to a change in therapy in 50 @entity1 (43 percent). Among the @entity1 who survived a first episode of @entity3252 , the median survival was 265 days. CONCLUSIONS: Toxoplasmosis occurs in advanced stages of @entity1 @entity778 , and the absence of antitoxoplasma antibodies on immunofluorescence assay does not exclude the diagnosis. The clinical and radiographic response to therapy is usually rapid, but treatment is frequently limited by adverse drug effects.

title: XXXX in the @entity791 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity27775 :: ('MESH:D016781', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency virus infection']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Single lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity27775 :: (MESH:D016781,Disease) :: ['Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system']


abstract: Among its multiple toxic effects, @entity4445 induces @entity56 that may reduce its biological effect. The impact of @entity56 on the duration of @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ) was assessed in adults with newly diagnosed @entity981 ( @entity981 ) receiving intensive multi-agent chemotherapy. In CALGB study 8811 (Blood 1995; 85: 2025-2037), 197 adults were scheduled to receive 14 doses of @entity526 coil @entity4445 (6000 U/m2 SC) during 7 of the first 12 weeks of chemotherapy. No further @entity4445 was given. Chemotherapy was given for 24 months. The median follow-up time has been 5.7 years. Of the 141 @entity1 who remained on study after 12 weeks, 82 (58%) had received all 14 planned doses; 38 (27%) had 12-13 @entity4445 doses documented in their treatment record; 21 (15%) @entity1 had received < or =11 doses due to a variety of toxic effects. The mean number of doses received prior to experiencing any @entity56 reaction was seven (range 1-11). Seven @entity1 had mild @entity56 , but all seven eventually received 12-14 doses of E. coil @entity4445 . Twenty-one other @entity1 had severe @entity56 that required discontinuation of E. coil @entity4445 ; 20 of these @entity1 were switched to Erwinia @entity4445 to complete their treatment. Ultimately, 12 of these 20 @entity1 received 14 doses of @entity4445 in total, and six received 12-13 doses. Thus, only three of the 21 @entity1 who had severe @entity56 received < or =11 total @entity4445 doses. Other @entity4445 -related complications included @entity788 (15 @entity1 ), @entity6805 <100mg/dl (29 @entity1 ), and @entity1150 or @entity1151 (eight @entity1 ); some of these @entity1 had @entity4445 discontinued after these complications. The estimates for @entity1778 at 3 years were 55% (95% confidence interval, 44-65%) for the @entity1 who received all 14 @entity4445 doses (median @entity1778 , 5.1 years), 47% (95% CI, 33-62%) for those who received 12-13 doses, and 48% (95% CI, 29-67%) for those who received < or =11 doses. There were no significant differences between these three groups in the length of @entity1778 (P=0.68). @entity1778 did not correlate with a history of severe @entity56 reaction (P=0.67). In general, E. coil @entity4445 was well tolerated in these adult @entity1 , and most @entity1 received all of the planned therapy. @entity1 who had mild @entity4445 @entity56 and @entity1 who switched to Erwinia @entity4445 because of more severe @entity56 did not have significantly shorter @entity1778 than the remaining adults treated on this @entity981 protocol. The possibility that @entity526 @entity4445 is inactivated or destroyed in those individuals who have become hypersensitive to it becomes less important when @entity56 @entity1 are secondarily treated with Erwinia @entity4445 .

title: XXXX reactions to @entity4445 do not impact on the remission duration of adults with @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['LFS', 'leukemia-free survival']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reactions', 'allergic', 'allergic reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity']


abstract: @entity4538 ) systematically manages the expression of cellular functions, rather than exerting the global shutoff of host cell protein synthesis commonly observed with other herpesviruses during the lytic cycle. While microarray technology has provided remarkable insights into viral control of the cellular transcriptome, HCMV is known to encode multiple mechanisms for posttranscriptional and post-translation regulation of cellular gene expression. High-throughput Western blotting (BD Biosciences Powerblot technology) with 1,009 characterized antibodies was therefore used to analyze and compare the effects of @entity281 with attenuated high-passage strain AD169 and virulent low-passage strain Toledo at 72 hpi across gels run in triplicate for each sample. Six hundred ninety-four proteins gave a positive signal in the screen, of which 68 from strain AD169 and 71 from strain Toledo were defined as being either positively or negatively regulated by @entity281 with the highest level of confidence (BD parameters). In follow-up analyses, a subset of proteins was selected on the basis of the magnitude of the observed effect or their potential to contribute to defense against immune recognition. In analyses performed at 24, 72, and 144 hpi, @entity495 was efficiently downregulated during @entity2803 , implying a breakdown of intercellular communication. Mitosis-associated protein Eg-5 was found to be differentially upregulated in the AD169 and Toledo strains of HCMV. Focal adhesions link the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and have key roles in initiating signaling pathways and substrate adhesion and regulating cell migration. HCMV suppressed expression of the focal-adhesion-associated proteins @entity50994 , paxillin, and @entity8859 . Focal adhesions were clearly disrupted in HCMV-infected fibroblasts, with their associated intracellular and extracellular proteins being dispersed. Powerblot shows potential for rapid screening of the cellular proteome during @entity2803 .

title: XXXX destruction of focal adhesions revealed in a high-throughput Western blot analysis of cellular protein expression.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['HCMV infection']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['Cytomegalovirus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Serum @entity4155 concentrations have been reported to be increased in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), but associations with clinical characteristics are not well understood. We characterized clinical associations of serum @entity4155 in @entity1252 . METHODS: We quantified @entity4155 in serum samples from 98 @entity1252 @entity1 studied cross-sectionally, and in 246 samples from 75 of these @entity1 followed longitudinally over two years. Disease activity was recorded using the @entity1252 Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)-2k. Serum @entity650 , @entity6785 ( @entity6785 ), and @entity8410 of the @entity5 necrosis factor family ( @entity8410 ) were also measured in these samples. RESULTS: Serum @entity4155 levels were significantly higher in @entity1252 @entity1 compared to healthy donors (P <0.0001). No correlation was observed between serum @entity4155 and SLEDAI-2k, at baseline or during longitudinal follow-up. However, we observed that SLEDAI-2k was positively correlated with @entity4155 / @entity650 ratio. Serum @entity4155 was significantly increased in @entity1252 @entity1 with central nervous system (CNS) disease (P = 0.0298). A strong correlation was observed between serum @entity4155 and @entity650 (r = 0.62, P <0.0001), and this relationship was observed regardless of disease activity and persisted when integrating cytokine levels over the period observed (r = 0.66, P <0.0001). A strong correlation of serum @entity4155 was also observed with serum @entity8410 (r = 0.64, P <0.0001), and @entity6785 (r = 0.36, P = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity4155 concentration correlates poorly with @entity1252 disease activity but is significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity6220 . @entity4155 / @entity650 ratio may be more useful than @entity4155 or @entity650 alone to characterize Th17-driven disease, such as @entity1252 . The association of other cytokines with serum @entity4155 suggests that @entity4155 may drive activation of diverse immune pathways in @entity1252 .

title: Clinical associations of serum interleukin-17 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity8410 :: ('10673', 'Gene') :: ['B cell activating factor', 'BAFF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity6785 :: ('4282', 'Gene') :: ['MIF', 'migration inhibitory factor']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Of 812 @entity1 with @entity5 treated by radiosurgery during the period 1984-1990, 129 had @entity1653 . Of these latter, 72 had @entity1653 . @entity1 with @entity1653 treated by us since March 1990 are not included in this report since we established the investigative principle of a minimum of 30 months follow-up. Seventeen of the 72 @entity1 were treated after incomplete surgical resection, and 21 for @entity5 regrowth. In 34 @entity1 , radiosurgery was the primary treatment. The @entity5 volume was calculated by the ellipsoid method. It ranged from 0.588-76.346 ml. Radiosurgery was performed using the non-invasive stereotactic fixation head device (Greitz-Bergstr  m) adapted to the Fixster frame, and dynamic irradiation performed with the linear accelerator, using especially designed collimators. The total @entity5 dose for each @entity1 ranged from 15-45 Gy. The minimum follow-up was 2 1/2 years and the maximum 8 years. In 50 @entity1 there was @entity5 shrinkage ranging from 24-91% of the initial @entity5 volume. Shrinkage was associated with central @entity5 @entity39 in 11 of these 50 @entity1 . In 18 @entity1 the @entity5 volume remained stable. In 2 @entity1 there was @entity5 progression and in 2 there was regrowth after @entity5 volume. There were no significant @entity532 . Radiosurgery is preferable to re-operation in recurrent @entity1653 and indicated after incomplete surgical removal. In high risk @entity1 , as well as in "unresectable" @entity1653 , it is an obvious alternative to microsurgery.

title: The results of radiosurgical management of 72 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'initial reduction of tumour', 'intracranial tumours']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['treatment complications']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['middle fossa meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['middle fossa meningiomas']


abstract: A 26-year-old @entity1 presented to hospital with acute @entity662 , @entity101 , @entity591 and an elevated serum @entity1011 . She developed @entity649 requiring endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. She progressed to @entity177 due to decompensated @entity712 . Echocardiography demonstrated global hypokinesis and an ejection fraction of <10%. Her cardiac function improved with fluid resuscitation and b blockade, and she was eventually discharged home. She was readmitted a few days later with @entity788 after presenting with @entity390 , @entity490 and @entity101 . During hospitalisation she had paroxysms of @entity10 , @entity390 and diaphoresis associated with @entity101 and @entity591 . A CT scan of her abdomen revealed an adrenal mass and serum metanephrine studies confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1911 . After fluid resuscitation and sympathetic blockade her ejection fraction improved to 55%. The @entity1 underwent an uneventful adrenalectomy and made a complete recovery.

title: @entity1911 presenting as acute decompensated XXXX reversed with medical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the sentinel lymph node in @entity356 as a diagnostic method of unsuspected lymph node @entity3 , which may allow the performance, in those with negative lymph nodes, of smaller gastric resections with limited lymphadenectomy. METHODS: We studied seven @entity1 with @entity356 treated at the Hospital Universit  rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, from September 2008 to May 2011, who underwent sentinel lymph node exams, performed by intraoperative peritumoral endoscopic injection of patent blue dye. RESULTS: We found an average of three sentinel nodes per @entity1 . The frozen biopsy of lymph nodes was negative for @entity3 , which allowed the realization of atypical gastric resection in three cases and antrectomy with BI reconstruction in four. The performed lymphadenectomy was modified D1. There was no operative mortality. The duration of postoperative follow-up ranged from five to 37 months, without evidence of recurrence. One @entity1 developed a second @entity5 13 months after the initial surgery and underwent total gastrectomy. CONCLUSION: The sentinel lymph node in @entity356 proved to be an effective method for the evaluation of nodal @entity3 in seven @entity1 and allowed for smaller gastric resections and limited lymphadenectomies. These minor procedures reduce the risk of postoperative complications, maintaining, on the other hand, the oncological radicality that is required in the treatment of @entity356 .

title: Minor gastric resections with modified lymphadenectomy in XXXX with negative sentinel node.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early tumor']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'early gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['early gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity902 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival outcomes in @entity150 @entity1 . We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis to provide updated results of previous findings. We also summarized published data to compare clinical outcomes of @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 (MVAC) versus @entity136 and @entity900 / @entity3003 (GC) in the neoadjuvant setting. METHODS: A meta-analysis of 15 randomized clinical trials was performed to compare neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus local treatment with the same local treatment alone. Because no randomized trials have investigated MVAC versus GC in the neoadjuvant setting, a meta-analysis of 13 retrospective studies was performed to compare MVAC with GC. RESULTS: A total of 3,285 @entity1 were included in 15 randomized clinical trials . There was a significant @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) benefit associated with @entity900 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-0.96). A total of 1,766 @entity1 were included in 13 retrospective studies. There was no significant difference in pathological complete response between MVAC and GC. However, GC was associated with a significantly reduced @entity1349 (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01-1.57). After excluding @entity3003 data, GC still seemed to be inferior to MVAC in @entity1349 (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.99-1.74), but the difference was no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These results support the use of @entity900 -based combination neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity150 . Although GC and MVAC had similar treatment response rates, the different survival outcome observed in this study requires further investigation. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: @entity902 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) has been shown to improve survival outcomes in @entity150 ( @entity150 ) @entity1 , but the optimal neoadjuvant regimen has not been established. @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 (MVAC) and @entity136 and @entity900 / @entity3003 (GC) are two of the most commonly used chemotherapy regimens in modern oncology. In this two-step meta-analysis, an updated and more precise estimate of the survival benefit of @entity900 -based NCT in @entity150 is provided. This study also demonstrated that MVAC might have superior @entity1349 compared with GC (with or without @entity3003 data) in the neoadjuvant setting. The findings suggest that NCT should be standard care in @entity150 , and MVAC could be the preferred neoadjuvant regimen.

title: Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive XXXX : A Systemic Review and Two-Step Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['MIBC', 'muscle-invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: In the present study, we analyzed the cytokine network among @entity25229 , @entity20573 , @entity20574 , and @entity45320 ( @entity45320 ) in a @entity95 experimental model of @entity697 . The production of @entity25229 in synovial fluids reached the peak at 2 hours after the intra-articular injection of @entity414 (MSU) crystals. The production of @entity20573 and @entity20574 reached the first peak at 2 hours and the second peak at 9 and 12 hours, respectively. The production of endogenous @entity45320 reached the peak at 9 hours. The source of @entity25229 and the first phase of @entity20574 was synovial cells, whereas infiltrating leukocytes were the source of the second phase of @entity20574 and also of @entity20573 and @entity45320 . The production of @entity25229 was not altered by either anti-lL-8 IgG or @entity45320 . The first @entity20573 peak was reduced only with a combination of anti- @entity25229 mAb and anti-lL-8 IgG, whereas the second peak was significantly reduced by either inhibitor. The first @entity20574 peak was not altered with anti- @entity25229 mAb or @entity45320 , whereas the second @entity20574 peak was reduced with @entity45320 . Anti- @entity25229 mAb or anti-lL-8 IgG significantly reduced the peak level of endogenous @entity45320 . These cytokine inhibitors also attenuated the maximal leukocyte accumulation at 9 hours, but not the initial phase, which occurred within 2 hours. These results provide evidence that @entity20574 and @entity25229 were responsible for the production of @entity20573 and @entity45320 , and that @entity20573 was responsible for the second phase of @entity20573 and @entity20574 production. Our data also suggest that the initial and the maximal phases of leukocyte influx are differently regulated. Finally, the intravenous injection of @entity3812 inhibited neutrophil infiltration without affecting the production of @entity25229 or the first peak of @entity20574 , suggesting that @entity3812 inhibits MSU crystal-induced @entity625 by directly inhibiting the migration of neutrophils.

title: Analysis of the cytokine network among tumor necrosis factor alpha, @entity20573 , @entity20574 , and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in @entity414 crystal-induced XXXX @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gout']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['monosodium urate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: This study was performed to explore the interaction between chronic @entity528 and the subsequent vascular remodeling. Weekly @entity4774 administration in @entity35 from birth produces a @entity989 model characterized by @entity2000 , and @entity989 ( @entity989 ) neovascularization. We investigated the hypothesis that altered @entity26 distribution across the retina and choroid could be involved in the vascular changes seen in this @entity989 . We compared measurements of vitreal, intraretinal, and choroidal @entity26 tension ( @entity4095 ) distribution in anesthetized and ventilated control and @entity4774 -treated @entity35 at 8 and 16 wk of age with the use of @entity26 -sensitive microelectrodes. Striking differences were observed in both choroidal and intraretinal @entity4095 distribution in @entity4774 -treated @entity35 compared with controls. At both ages, intrachoroidal @entity4095 was much lower in the @entity4774 -treated @entity35 . In addition, the intraretinal @entity4095 distribution across the inner retinal layers was more uniform than normal. A small elevation in @entity4095 was present at 8 wk in the inner nuclear layer where subsequent vascular regression occurred, and a small reduction in @entity4095 was present at the @entity989 , which recovered to normal values by 16 wk in regions where @entity989 vessel networks were first evident. Although the retinal arteries were considerably thinner at both ages in the @entity4774 -treated @entity35 , the vitreal @entity4095 profiles and superficial retinal @entity4095 remained normal. The unexpected and large reduction in the @entity26 delivery from the choroid found in the @entity4774 -treated @entity35 may account for the lack of major @entity871 within the pathological retina and the lower @entity26 tension in the @entity989 before the vascular proliferation in this region. We propose that tissue @entity4095 is an important determinant of the vascular remodeling, which is seen in this model of @entity528 and that the @entity4095 distribution changes described in this study help provide a new view of the pathogenesis of this model.

title: Intraretinal @entity26 distribution in @entity4774 -induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration, retinal vascular regression']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neural degeneration']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, types of @entity2008 and Y chromosome microdeletions in @entity1 with severe @entity4810 , and the association between clinical background and @entity74 . STUDY DESIGN: A total of 322 infertile @entity1 ; 136 @entity1 with severe @entity6660 (sperm count <5 million/ml) and 196 with nonobstructive @entity3893 were studied between April 2004 and November 2006 at the Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak @entity1 's Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, @entity233 . Blood, semen samples, and testicular biopsies of @entity1 were obtained. Hormonal analysis (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and @entity251 levels), semen analysis, karyotype analysis, and PCR screening for Y chromosome microdeletions were performed. RESULT(S): Forty-eight out of 332 (14%) infertile @entity1 had a @entity74 . Twenty-four (7.2%) cases with karyotype abnormality were detected. The frequencies of karyotype abnormalities were @entity252 17/24 (71%), translocation 3/24 (12%), mix @entity444 2/24 (8%), XX male 1/24 (4%), and 46XYY 1/24 (4%). Twenty cases (6%) infertile @entity1 had only Y chromosome microdeletions. The frequencies of the deleted areas were @entity3893 factor ( @entity16619 )c 42%, AZFb 25%, @entity16619 21%, AZFb, c 8%, and @entity16619 , c 4%. Four of the cases with Y chromosome microdeletions also had a concurrent karyotype abnormality. CONCLUSION(S): All @entity1 with nonobstructive @entity3893 and severe @entity6660 (sperm count <5 million/ml) should undergo genetic screening.

title: Genetic evaluation of severe @entity4810 in XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male factor infertility']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ["Klinefelter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: The objective of the present research was to determine the prevalence of oral manifestations in an @entity645 infected population from south India and evaluate their association with @entity645 viral load and @entity404 / @entity405 ratio. Intraoral examination of 103 @entity1 , whose @entity404 / @entity405 ratio was available, were conducted. @entity645 viral loads were available for thirty @entity1 only. The prevalence of oral manifestations was 80.6% (83/103). The most common @entity75 was @entity7553 ( @entity7553 ) (38.8%) followed by @entity2117 (35.9%). @entity1 having any oral manifestation had a mean @entity404 / @entity405 ratio of 0.24. @entity7553 had positive predictive value of 85.0% for @entity404 / @entity405 ratio <0.30. The prevalence of oral manifestations in @entity1 taking ART was lesser (78.6%) as compared to @entity1 not taking ART (82%). @entity1 having any oral manifestation had a higher @entity645 viral load as compared to @entity1 not having any oral manifestations (P < 0.05). @entity7553 ( @entity7553 ) was significantly associated with higher @entity645 viral loads (>20,000   copies/mL) (P < 0.05). @entity1 having @entity7553 had 4 times greater chance of having @entity404 / @entity405 ratio <0.30. @entity7553 can be considered as a marker of immune suppression ( @entity645 viral load >20,000   copies/mL).

title: Prevalence of Oral Manifestations and Their Association with @entity404 / XXXX Ratio and @entity645 Viral Load in South India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oromucosal lesion']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['melanotic hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous candidiasis', 'Pseudomembranous candidiasis', 'EC', 'PC']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uterine @entity5 is a treatable and preventable @entity5 . Medical efforts to reduce rates of @entity5 focus on the promotion of @entity1082 ) vaccination and the promotion of routine @entity5 screening done by cervical cytology and cervical HPV testing. Urine-based HPV testing would be simple and noninvasive approach to screen for @entity5 . METHODS: Two biospecimens (clinician-taken sample from cervix and initial stream urine sample) were provided from a total of 240 healthy @entity1 attending for @entity5 screening provided for HPV testing. We have assessed the HPV detection rates among cervical samples and pellet fraction of urine samples using HPV test (Anyplex    II HPV28 Detection kit, Seegene, Korea). RESULTS: Among 240 samples screened, HPV prevalence was 42.9% in pellet fractions of urine samples. The agreement between the two kinds of samples was 98.4%, k  =  0.792. Discordant results were observed in 27 cases; 5 were positive only by urine samples and 22 were positive only by smear samples. Sensitivity and specificity for all HPV DNA in pellet fractions of urine using cervical samples as reference was 68.4% and 99.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing methodologies of collection of samples for HPV detection, they showed the higher agreements for almost genotypes between cervical samples and pellet fractions of urine samples. These results suggest that urine could be a good noninvasive tool to monitor @entity1083 in @entity1 . Additional research in a larger and general screening population would be needed.

title: Comparison of initial stream urine samples and cervical samples for detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: As receptivity of the injured hippocampus to cell grafts decreases with time after injury, strategies that improve graft integration are necessary for graft-mediated treatment of chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as @entity1315 . We ascertained the efficacy of two distinct graft-augmentation strategies for improving the survival of embryonic day 19 hippocampal @entity1251 cell grafts placed into the adult hippocampus at 4-months after @entity4176 induced injury. The donor cells were labeled with @entity1603 , and pre-treated and grafted with either @entity2136 , @entity10862 and a caspase inhibitor or fibroblast growth factor and caspase inhibitor. The yield of surviving grafted cells and neurons were quantified at 2-months post-grafting. The yield of surviving cells was substantially greater in grafts treated with @entity2136 , @entity10862 and caspase inhibitor (84%) or fibroblast growth factor and caspase inhibitor (99% of injected cells) than standard cell grafts (26%). Because approximately 85% of surviving grafted cells were neurons, increased yield in augmented groups reflects enhanced survival of grafted neurons. Evaluation of the mossy fiber synaptic re-organization in additional @entity4176 -lesioned @entity35 receiving grafts enriched with @entity2136 , @entity10862 and caspase inhibitor at 3-months post-grafting revealed reduced aberrant dentate mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate supragranular layer than "lesion-only" @entity35 at 4 months post- @entity4176 , suggesting that some of the aberrantly sprouted mossy fibers in the dentate supragranular layer withdraw when apt target cells (i.e. grafted neurons) become available in their vicinity. Thus, the yield of surviving neurons from @entity1251 cell grafts placed into the adult hippocampus at an extended time-point after injury could be enhanced through apt neurotrophic supplementation and caspase inhibition. Apt grafting is also efficacious for reversing some of the abnormal synaptic reorganization prevalent in the hippocampus at later time-points after injury.

title: Incorporation of embryonic XXXX cell grafts into the adult hippocampus at 4-months after injury: effects of combined neurotrophic supplementation and caspase inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-bromodeoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity1251 :: (54232(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide the clinicopathologic findings of a @entity1 who developed the clinical characteristics of @entity3987 (typically considered a @entity6120 ) at the age of 75 years after being documented to be ophthalmoscopically normal at the age of 51 years. DESIGN: A member of a large family with @entity3987 , possessing a @entity46369 mutation in the @entity6678 gene (the gene responsible for the disease, which encodes the bestrophin protein), developed @entity75 in both eyes at the age of 75 years and later developed @entity22073 at the level of the @entity989 ( @entity989 ), which were also identified in fundus photographs of family members. The @entity1 died at the age of 93 years, and the histological features of the macular lesion and peripheral flecks were examined. RESULTS: Histopathologically, the retinal outer nuclear layer was attenuated, particularly in the macula. This attenuation was frequently associated with normal @entity989 . A large area of @entity528 was present in the central macula, with loss of the underlying @entity989 cells. Outside of this region, the @entity989 density was within normal limits. The peripheral flecks were clusters of basal laminar deposits and drusen. Bestrophin immunohistochemistry revealed labeling along both the basolateral and apical membranes of the @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS: Findings characteristic of @entity3987 may not manifest in a molecularly affected individual until late in life. Mutations in bestrophin appear to lead to extracellular deposit formation outside the macula in some families. The distribution of bestrophin in the @entity989 suggests that the protein may be mistargeted in those with @entity3987 who have the @entity46369 mutation, and that this may be a cause of the associated @entity989 .

title: Late development of @entity75 and flecks in a XXXX with @entity3987 : clinicopathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['small vitelliform lesions']

entities_list: @entity6120 :: ('MESH:C535804', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity22073 :: ('MESH:D015004', 'Disease') :: ['yellow flecklike depositions']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE and photoreceptor dysfunction', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['Best disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the UK, free smoking cessation support is available to pregnant @entity1 ; only a minority accesses this. 'Opt-out' referrals to stop smoking services (SSS) are recommended by UK guidelines. These involve identifying pregnant smokers using exhaled @entity1223 (CO) and referring them for support unless they object. METHODS: To assess the impact of 'opt-out' referrals for pregnant smokers on SSS uptake and effectiveness, we conducted a 'before-after' service development evaluation. In the 6-month 'before' period, there was a routine 'opt-in' referral system for self-reported smokers at antenatal 'booking' appointments. In the 6-month 'after' period, additional 'opt-out' referrals were introduced at the 12-week ultrasound appointments; @entity1 with CO>= 4   ppm were referred to, and outcome data were collected from, local SSS. RESULTS: Approximately 2300 @entity1 attended antenatal care in each period. Before the implementation, 536 (23.4%) @entity1 reported smoking at 'booking' and 290 (12.7%) were referred to SSS. After the implementation, 524 (22.9%) @entity1 reported smoking at 'booking', an additional 156 smokers (6.8%) were identified via the 'opt-out' referrals and, in total, 421 (18.4%) were referred to SSS. Over twice as many @entity1 set a quit date with the SSS after 'opt-out' referrals were implemented (121 (5.3%, 95% CI 4.4% to 6.3%) compared to 57 (2.5%, 95% CI 1.9% to 3.2%) before implementation) and reported being abstinent 4   weeks later (93 (4.1%, 95% CI 3.3% to 4.9%) compared to 46 (2.0%, 1.5% to 2.7%) before implementation). CONCLUSIONS: In a hospital with an 'opt-in' referral system, adding CO screening with 'opt-out' referrals as @entity1 attended ultrasound examinations doubled the numbers of pregnant smokers setting quit dates and reporting smoking cessation.

title: 'Opt-out' referrals after identifying pregnant smokers using exhaled air XXXX : impact on engagement with smoking cessation support.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

answer: @entity1223 :: (MESH:D002248,Chemical) :: ['carbon monoxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of @entity7 , @entity1199 , soluble @entity2902 , @entity650 and soluble @entity10497 in the pathogenesis of @entity43 . STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of 10 healthy @entity1 who developed severe @entity43 , group A (n=10), following ovarian stimulation by long GnRHa/hMG protocol for IVF. A control group B=10 @entity1 underwent stimulation with the same protocol and did not develop @entity14563 . Blood and ascitic fluid samples were assayed for @entity7 , @entity1199 , sIL-2Ralpha, @entity650 and sIL-6R by ELISA. RESULTS: The mean serum levels of @entity1199 , sIL-2Ralpha, @entity650 , sIL-6R and @entity7 in @entity14563 group were 297.5+/-190, 6588+/-5566, 40.6+/-16.6, 5280+/-3326 and 492+/-165 pg/ml as compared to 50.8+/-17.4, 1100+/-391.6, 8.5+/-3.5, 516+/-342 and 167+/-31.3 pg/ml in the control group, respectively, P<0.001. The mean ascitic fluid @entity1199 , sIL-2Ralpha, @entity650 , sIL-6R and @entity7 in the @entity14563 group were 282.5+/-191.5 pg/ml, 26020+/-13 995, 90.5+/-36, 14900+/-2789 and 660+/-359 pg/ml as compared to 32+/-14.8, 1206+/-429.4, 12.6+/-1.7, 614+/-240 and 151+/-20.5 pg/ml, respectively, P<0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The significantly high levels of @entity7 in @entity1 with severe @entity14563 suggest that @entity7 is a major capillary permeability agent in @entity14563 . Elevated levels of @entity650 in serum and peritoneal fluid support the hypothesis that @entity650 may serve as a marker of @entity14563 . Although serum and ascitic fluid levels of @entity1199 were elevated, accumulating evidence does not support a pivotal role for @entity1199 in the pathogenesis of @entity14563 . However, it may have a peripheral role in mediating an increase in vascular permeability. Soluble @entity2902 and sIL-6R may be considered to be involved in @entity14563 . However, the patho-physiologic mechanism is the subject of further investigations. Clinical application of @entity7 -receptors in the management of @entity14563 is awaited with interest.

title: Elevated levels of XXXX , soluble @entity2902 , @entity650 , soluble @entity10497 and @entity7 in serum and ascitic fluid of @entity1 with severe @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity10497 :: ('3570', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-6 receptor']

entities_list: @entity2902 :: ('3559', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2 receptor alpha', 'IL-2Ralpha']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis and factors that influence prognosis following salvage mastectomy in @entity1 with recurrence in the treated breast after conservative surgery (CS) and radiation therapy (RT) were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,593 @entity1 with stage I or II invasive @entity0 were treated following gross total excision of the @entity5 at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy (JCRT) between 1968 and 1985. One hundred sixty-six of the 1,593 (10%) had subsequent recurrence in the breast. Of these, 123 had salvage mastectomy and constitute the study population. The recurrent @entity5 was predominantly invasive in 99 @entity1 , noninvasive in 14, and focally invasive in 10. Following mastectomy, chemotherapy or hormonal therapy was administered to 29 @entity1 . The median follow-up time was 39 months after salvage mastectomy. RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial rate of further local or distant relapse for the entire group was 41%. None of the 24 @entity1 with focally invasive or noninvasive @entity5 had a subsequent relapse. In comparison, the 5-year actuarial rate of further relapse in the 99 @entity1 with a predominantly invasive recurrence was 52% (P = .001). The method of detection of the recurrence, the age of the @entity1 at initial diagnosis, the disease-free interval, and the location of the recurrence in the breast were not found to have a statistically significant association with the risk of further relapse. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the histology of the recurrent @entity5 is an important prognostic factor for the risk of further relapse. @entity1 with purely noninvasive or focally invasive @entity5 have an excellent prognosis following salvage mastectomy. In contrast, @entity1 with predominantly invasive @entity5 are at substantial risk for further relapse.

title: Prognosis following salvage mastectomy for recurrence in the breast after conservative surgery and radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the relationship between dosimetric parameters (DPs) and the incidence of @entity1207 ( @entity1605 ) and investigated the feasibility of a proposed treatment planning technique with the potential of reducing @entity1605 in @entity418 @entity1 treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy using extended fields. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 149 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 were prospectively enrolled for extended-field radiotherapy (EFRT) to three-field regional lymphatics between September 2004 and June 2009. We retrospectively reviewed 86 consecutive @entity1 who were treated with a total dose of 50.4 Gy (plus an optional 9 Gy boost) and were available for dose-volume analysis. Lung DPs of @entity1 in the Grade 0-1 @entity1605 (RPG <=1) group and the Grade 2-5 @entity1605 ( @entity1605 ) group were compared. We compared the proposed plan with the conventional plan to 50.4 Gy on DPs for each case. RESULTS: Of these 86 @entity1 , 10 (12%) developed @entity1605 (Grade 2, n = 2 @entity1 ; Grade 3, n = 3; Grade 4, n = 3; Grade 5, n = 2). The @entity1 in the RPG <=1 group showed significantly lower (P < 0.05) V5 and V10 values for the whole lung compared with those in the @entity1605 group. There were two advantages gained from the proposed plan for V5 (<55%) and V10 (< 37%) values and the conformity of the @entity343 . CONCLUSION: The increase in the volume of the lung exposed to low doses of EFRT was found to be associated with the incidence of @entity1605 . Our proposed plan is likely to reduce the incidence of @entity1605 .

title: Dose-volume analysis for respiratory toxicity in XXXX @entity1 treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy using extended fields.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['intrathoracic esophageal cancer']