abstract: TOR (target of @entity3446 ) signaling regulates cell growth and division in response to environmental stimuli such as the availability of nutrients and various forms of stress. The vegetative growth of @entity6739 cells, unlike other eukaryotic cells, is not inhibited by treatment with @entity3446 . We found that certain mutations including pmc1/\ ( @entity141 -ATPase), cps9-193 (small GTPase, Ryh1) and cps1-12 (1,3-b-D-glucan synthase, Bgs1) confer a @entity3446 -sensitive phenotype to cells under salt stress with @entity4337 (>0.5 M). Cytometric analysis revealed that the mutant cells were unable to enter the mitotic cell cycle when treated with the drug under salt stress. Gene cloning and overexpression experiments revealed that the sensitivity to @entity3446 was suppressed by the ectopic expression of @entity669 phosphatases, Pyp1 and Pyp2, which are negative regulators of Spc1/Sty1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The level of @entity669 phosphorylation on Spc1 was higher and sustained substantially longer in these mutants than in the wild type under salt stress. The hyperphosphorylation was significantly suppressed by overexpression of pyp1 (+) with concomitant resumption of the mutant cells' growth. In @entity6739 , TOR signaling has been thought to stimulate the stress-response pathway, because mutations of TORC2 components such as Tor1, Sin1 and Ste20 result in similar sensitive phenotypes to environmental stress. The present study, however, strongly suggests that TOR signaling is required for the down-regulation of a hyperactivated Spc1 for reentry into the mitotic cell cycle. This finding may shed light on our understanding of a new stress-responsive mechanism in TOR signaling in higher organisms.

title: XXXX TOR signaling is essential for the down-regulation of a hyperactivated stress-response MAP kinase under salt stress.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Fission yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: To safely manage the hypersecretory state in @entity1 with @entity8579 , both upper endoscopy and gastric analysis are required to titrate optimal medical therapy. Conventional gastric analysis requires more than 1 hour to perform and results in significant @entity1 dissatisfaction. In this study, we have validated endoscopic gastric analysis as a novel technique that can effectively replace conventional gastric analysis. METHODS: In a prospective, cross-over study, 12 @entity1 with @entity8579 underwent gastric analysis, first by the conventional method and then by an endoscopic technique performed on the same day. Acid concentration was determined by titration, volume output was recorded, and acid output was calculated using standard methodologies and formulas. Agreement was assessed following the Bland-Altman method. To assess repeatability, both techniques were repeated on the same day in a subset of @entity1 . RESULTS: Excellent agreement was reported between acid output (95% limits of agreement, -1.27 to 1.61 mEq/h) and acid concentration (95% limits of agreement, -0.01 to 0.01 mEq/mL), although poor agreement was observed between volume output measured. Endoscopic gastric analysis showed greater reproducibility regarding acid and volume output measured. CONCLUSIONS: We introduce a new, rapid, reproducible, and accurate endoscopic technique to measure acid output in @entity1 with @entity8579 who require both annual endoscopy and gastric analysis. The data presented here suggest that endoscopic gastric analysis would be equally effective in determining acid output in other hypersecretory states. Additional analysis of cost effectiveness is needed to evaluate its use as a screening tool in select populations.

title: Validation of a new endoscopic technique to assess acid output in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']

answer: @entity8579 :: (MESH:D015043,Disease) :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity916 -angiotensin system is well recognized as a mediator of pathophysiological events in @entity731 . The benefits of @entity916 inhibition in @entity731 , especially when used in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) are currently not known. We hypothesized that treatment with the @entity916 inhibitor aliskiren in @entity1 with established @entity65 will prevent the progression of @entity731 as determined by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of arterial wall volume in the thoracic and abdominal aortas of high-risk @entity1 with preexisting @entity65 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in @entity1 with established @entity65 . After a 2-week single-blind placebo phase, @entity1 were randomized to receive either placebo (n=37, mean    SD age 64.5    8.9 years, 3 @entity1 ) or 150 mg of aliskiren (n=34, mean    SD age 63.9    11.5 years, 9 @entity1 ). Treatment dose was escalated to 300 mg at 2 weeks and maintained during the remainder of the study. @entity1 underwent dark-blood, 3-dimensional MRI assessment of @entity731 in the thoracic and abdominal segments at baseline and on study completion or termination (up to 36 weeks of drug or matching placebo). Aliskiren use resulted in significant progression of aortic wall volume (normalized total wall volume 5.31    6.57 vs 0.15    4.39 mm(3), P=0.03, and percentage wall volume 3.37    2.96% vs 0.97    2.02%, P=0.04) compared with placebo. In a subgroup analysis of subjects receiving ACEI/ARB therapy, @entity731 progression was observed only in the aliskiren group, not in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: MRI quantification of @entity1856 plaque burden demonstrated that aliskiren use in @entity1 with preexisting @entity65 resulted in an unexpected increase in aortic @entity731 compared with placebo. Although preliminary, these results may have implications for the use of @entity916 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in @entity1 with @entity65 , especially in those receiving ACEI/ARB therapy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://ClinicalTrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT01417104.

title: Aliskiren effect on plaque progression in established XXXX using high resolution 3D MRI (ALPINE): a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Scabies is a relatively common @entity272 caused by the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Because of its strong contagious capacity, social problems especially as sexual transmission or massive @entity281 in school @entity1 arise quite frequently. Since we have experienced many @entity1908 @entity1 in our outpatient clinic of Urakawa Red Cross Hospital, statistical analysis was attempted on @entity1 from April 1976 to March 1987, in order to contribute to prevention and control of the disease. Results have been obtained as follows: (1) The total number of @entity1908 @entity1 was 496 that is 1.96% of the total number of new outpatients seen in this period. (2) Sex ratio was 1.33 (male): 1 (female), slightly higher in male. (3) As to the age distribution, the highest peak was 3rd decade of life. (4) Compared with previous reports, the ratio of @entity1 and elders was remarkably high. (5) Massive @entity281 was observed in one nursing home and one hospital. (6) As to the seasonal distribution, the number of @entity1 was high from October to March, and the highest peak was November. (7) We compared three kinds of @entity1908 and discussed about the useful effect of @entity38136 in the cure and prevention of the disease, comparing with @entity20873 and @entity20872 .

title: [Statistical studies on XXXX at Division of Dermatology, Urakawa Red Cross Hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity20873 :: ('MESH:C005553', 'Chemical') :: ['crotamiton']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity20872 :: ('MESH:C006723', 'Chemical') :: ['benzyl benzoate']

answer: @entity1908 :: (MESH:D012532,Disease) :: ['scabies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very few studies have reported @entity5 outcomes of @entity1 referred through different routes, despite the prominence of current @entity5 urgent referral guidance. AIM: This study aimed to compare outcomes of @entity5 @entity1 referred through the urgent referral guidance with those who were not, with respect to stage at diagnosis, survival, and delays in diagnosis. DESIGN OF STUDY: Analysis of hospital records. SETTING: One hospital trust in England. METHOD: The records of 889 @entity1 diagnosed in 2000-2001 with one of four types of @entity5 were analysed: 409 with @entity2 ; 239 with @entity5 ; and 95 with @entity43 . Outcome measures were diagnostic stage, survival, referral and secondary care delays. RESULTS: For @entity2 , urgent referrals had more advanced @entity2802 ( @entity5 , node, @entity3 ) stage than @entity1 diagnosed through other routes (P = 0.035) and poorer survival (P = 0.020). There was no difference in stage or survival for the other @entity5 . For each @entity5 , a higher proportion of urgent referrals was seen within 2 weeks. Secondary care delays for lung and @entity14 were shorter for inter-specialty referrals. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity2 , the guidance appears to be prioritising those in the more advanced stages of disease. This was not the case for the other three @entity5 . @entity245 were shorter for @entity1 urgently referred, as is the intention of the guidance. The avoidance of delays in outpatient diagnostics probably accounts for shorter secondary care delays for inter-specialty referrals.

title: Stage, survival and delays in lung, XXXX : comparison between diagnostic routes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'colorectal cancer; 146 with prostate cancer', 'UK cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Referral delays']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['colorectal, prostate and ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity14 represents one of the most important challenges in the field of @entity5 chemotherapy. @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) is used as the first-choice chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of advanced @entity1820 . Despite this fact very little is known about the morphological changes of @entity694 after treatment with @entity1487 . Thymusaplastic @entity19 (n = 59) with subcutaneously heterotransplanted @entity1 coloncarcinoma (tubulo-papillary @entity420 , grade II-III) were treated with @entity1487 (40 mg/kg/body weight i. p. for five days). The animals were sacrificed, @entity5 were removed at 0 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 54 h, 60 h, 66 h, 72 h, 94 h, 118 h, 240 h after chemotherapy and the @entity5 tissue was embedded for light-microscopic and ultrastructural examination. @entity4 and cytoplasmatic vacuoles were observed in @entity5 cells as early as 0 h after chemotherapy. These changes displayed a focal pattern. Damaged @entity5 tissue was surrounded by @entity5 cells with intact ultrastructure. In some regions @entity5 cells were separated from the basal membrane and showed signs of @entity39 . These focal changes within the @entity5 tissue were observed from 0-240 h after treatment. @entity5 capillaries did not show any damage. Treatment with @entity1487 led to focal cytotoxic effects in the @entity5 . The remaining intact vascular system of the @entity5 may be a target for new therapy modalities.

title: [Morphological changes in @entity1 @entity694 after chemotherapy with XXXX --a study in the nude @entity19 model].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Hydropic mitochondria']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Persistent deficits in gait speed and spatiotemporal symmetry are prevalent following @entity64 and can limit the achievement of @entity497 goals. Rehabilitation can improve gait speed, but has shown limited ability to improve spatiotemporal symmetry. The incorporation of combined visual and proprioceptive feedback regarding spatiotemporal symmetry has the potential to be effective at improving gait. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 60-year-old @entity1 (18 months poststroke) and a 53-year-old @entity1 (21 months poststroke) each participated in gait training to improve gait speed and spatiotemporal symmetry. Each @entity1 performed 18 sessions (6 weeks) of combined treadmill-based gait training followed by overground practice. To assist with relearning spatiotemporal symmetry, treadmill-based training for both @entity1 was augmented with continuous, real-time visual and proprioceptive feedback from an immersive virtual environment and a dual belt treadmill, respectively. OUTCOMES: Both @entity1 improved gait speed ( @entity1 1: 0.35 m/s improvement; @entity1 2: 0.26 m/s improvement) and spatiotemporal symmetry. @entity1 1, who trained with step-length symmetry feedback, improved his step-length symmetry ratio, but not his stance-time symmetry ratio. @entity1 2, who trained with stance-time symmetry feedback, improved her stance-time symmetry ratio. She had no step-length asymmetry before training. DISCUSSION: Both @entity1 made improvements in gait speed and spatiotemporal symmetry that exceeded those reported in the literature. Further work is needed to ascertain the role of combined visual and proprioceptive feedback for improving gait speed and spatiotemporal symmetry after chronic @entity64 .

title: Use of visual and proprioceptive feedback to improve gait speed and spatiotemporal symmetry following chronic XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community mobility']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: In the treatment of @entity308 the onset of action can be accelerated if the antidepressant drug is initially administered by intravenous infusion. It is not clear whether this effect is due to pharmacological or to psychological effects of the infusion setting. The necessary switch to oral administration may be problematic. Uncontrolled observations indicate that it could be associated with a remarkable deterioration in the course of the disease. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study on doxepin is the first investigation of the effect of the switch from parenteral to oral administration on symptoms of @entity308 . The hypothesis to be tested, that there is a significant worsening of treatment response during the switch, must be rejected on the basis of objective and subjective psychometric tests. There was in fact a continuous improvement. Precondition was a selection of @entity1 with @entity308 and maintenance of at least constant plasma levels of the active antidepressants. In @entity1 under the age of 65 years this can generally be achieved by switching in a ratio of 125 mg i.v. to 250 per os in the case of @entity11886 . Individual case studies indicated that a worsening in the @entity1 's progress after switching was correlated with a decreasing plasma level of the active drug. Low plasma level already during the infusion period, insufficient response, and questionable compliance on oral medication were associated. Due to large interindividual differences of plasma levels by a factor of 10, measurements before and after switching are required.

title: On the problems of switching from intravenous to oral administration in drug treatment of XXXX --a placebo-controlled double-blind trial with doxepin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'typical "endogenous" depressions', 'endogenous depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['endogenous depression']


abstract: We reviewed 187 cases of @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ) from 1976 to 1988. Of these @entity1 , 111 @entity1 underwent celiotomy for acute surgical complications. The following protocol of operative indications was employed: @entity516 , localized mass, abdominal wall erythema, portal venous air, and clinical deterioration, singly or in any combination. Clinical deterioration was defined as @entity998 platelet count, rising or @entity998 white blood cell count, left shift in the myeloid series, persistently or progressively low pH, and increasing frequency of @entity386 or @entity1168 . Overall mortality was 15% (28 of 187). For the @entity1 who underwent celiotomy, all had histologic confirmation of @entity3166 . Ninety-five had localized disease, and 16 had diffuse disease. All of the former had resection and diverting enterostomy with 85 (89.5%) surviving; none with diffuse disease survived, P less than 0.0001. Forty-one @entity1 with @entity3166 weighed less than 1,000 g; 25 underwent surgery and 15 (60%) survived. Fifty-one of the 159 surviving neonates (32%) developed intestinal strictures. All neonates with strictures have had resection and successful reconstruction of their gastrointestinal tract. These indications and surgical principles resulted in a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and a low degree of surgical mortality.

title: A standard of comparison for acute surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['documented neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis', 'NEC']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: We examined the effects of dose, type of @entity286 , cessation, inhalation, and environmental @entity286 smoke exposure on @entity150 risk among 1,219 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity150 and 1,271 controls recruited from 18 hospitals in Spain. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between @entity150 risk and various characteristics of cigarette smoking. Current smokers ( @entity1 : OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 5.3-10.4; @entity1 : OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.6-16.4) and former smokers ( @entity1 : OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.8-5.3; @entity1 : OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.5-7.2) had significantly increased risks of @entity150 compared with nonsmokers. We observed a significant positive trend in risk with increasing duration and amount smoked. After adjustment for duration, risk was only 40% higher in smokers of black @entity286 than that in smokers of blond @entity286 (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.98-2.0). Compared with risk in current smokers, a significant inverse trend in risk with increasing time since quitting smoking blond @entity286 was observed (> or =20 years cessation: OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9). No trend in risk with cessation of smoking black @entity286 was apparent. Compared with @entity1 who inhaled into the mouth, risk increased for @entity1 who inhaled into the throat (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6) and chest (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1). Cumulative occupational exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke seemed to confer increased risk among female nonsmokers but not among male nonsmokers. After eliminating the effect of cigarette smoking on @entity150 risk in our study population, the male-to-female incidence ratio decreased from 8.2 to 1.7, suggesting that nearly the entire male excess of @entity150 observed in Spain is explained by cigarette smoking rather than occupational/environmental exposures to other @entity1494 .

title: Smoking and XXXX in Spain: effects of @entity286 type, timing, environmental @entity286 smoke, and gender.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinogens']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in a large cohort of morbidly @entity28 @entity1 followed for up to 5 years. METHODS: Morbidly @entity28 @entity1 , >=  16 years of age, who underwent LAGB surgery at the Surgical Weight Loss Clinic in Ontario, Canada, between May 2005 and January 2011 were eligible for this retrospective chart review. Electronic files were searched to identify all @entity1 who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Demographics, weights at baseline and follow-up visits (up to 60 months following surgery), and post-operative complications were documented. As follow-up visits occurred at unevenly spaced intervals within and across @entity1 , modeling methods were used to more accurately assess mean % @entity353 ( @entity353 ) and % excess @entity353 (EWL) over time. RESULTS: This study included 2,815 @entity1 (82 % female, mean age 43 years, mean baseline BMI 44.6 kg/m(2)) followed for a mean of 21.8    15.4 months. Complications developed in 238 @entity1 (8.5 %), the most frequent being prolapse/slippage (4.2 %), tubing/access port problems (1.2 %), and explantation (1.2 %). Mean % @entity353 and %EWL progressed continuously over the first 2.5 years post-LAGB, plateauing at 20 and 49 %, respectively, for up to 5 years of follow up. Factors associated with increased @entity353 were time since surgery, greater baseline weight (excess weight), older age at time of surgery, and male gender. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss was maintained for up to 5 years in our population of @entity1 who underwent LAGB for the treatment of morbid @entity28 .

title: Five-year XXXX experience of outpatients receiving laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss', 'WL']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Often, @entity1 with @entity740 are reported to be unaware of it. We prospectively evaluated the association between awareness of @entity8 to @entity454 and mortality. METHODS: We utilized 2000-2009 data from the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Early Evaluation Program. Mortality was determined by cross reference to the Social Security Administration Death Master File and development of end stage by cross reference with the United States Renal Data System. RESULTS: Of 109,285 @entity1 , 28,244 (26%) had @entity740 defined by @entity633 or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). Only 9% (n=2660) reported being aware of @entity8 . Compared with those who were not aware, @entity1 aware of @entity740 had lower eGFR (49 vs 62 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)) and a higher prevalence of @entity633 (52% vs. 46%), @entity6 (47% vs 42%), @entity65 (43% vs 28%), and @entity5 (23% vs 14%). Over 8.5 years of follow-up, aware @entity1 compared with those unaware had a lower rate of survival for end stage (83% and 96%) and mortality (78% vs 81%), P <.001. After adjustment for demographics, socioeconomic factors, comorbidity, and severity of @entity8 , aware @entity1 continued to demonstrate an increased risk for @entity454 (hazard ratio 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.75; P <.0123) and mortality (hazard ratio 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.52; P <.0077) relative to unaware @entity1 with @entity740 . CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 identified as having @entity740 at a health screening, only a small proportion had been made aware of their diagnosis previously by clinicians. This subgroup was at a disproportionately high risk for mortality and @entity454 .

title: XXXX and relationship to @entity454 and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Awareness of kidney disease']


abstract: Bone marrow involvement by @entity706 is considered a systemic dissemination of the disease arising elsewhere, although some @entity5 may arise primarily in the bone marrow microenvironment. Primary @entity236 (PBML) is a rare entity whose real boundaries and clinicobiological significance are not well defined. Criteria to diagnose PBML encompass isolated @entity236 , with no evidence of nodal or extranodal involvement, including the bone, and the exclusion of @entity1778 / @entity706 that are considered to primarily involve the bone marrow. Twenty-one out of 40 @entity706 retrospectively reviewed by the International @entity706 Study Group from 12 institutions in 7 different countries over a 25-year period fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These cases comprised 4 @entity706 ( @entity706 ), 15 diffuse large @entity1892 (DLBCLs), and 2 @entity3191 , not otherwise specified. The FL cases showed paratrabecular infiltration, @entity588 protein and @entity2282 expression, and @entity588 gene rearrangement. DLBCL showed nodular infiltration in 6 cases and was diffuse in 9 cases; it also showed positivity for @entity588 protein (9/10) and @entity20630 (6/8). Median age was 65 years with male predominance. All but 3 FL @entity1 were symptomatic. Most cases presented with @entity1503 and high @entity880 dehydrogenase. Four @entity1 (3 FL cases and 1 DLBCL case) had @entity1778 involvement. Most DLBCL @entity1 received CHOP-like or R-CHOP-like regimens. The outcome was unfavorable, with a median overall survival of 1.8 years. In conclusion, PBML is a very uncommon @entity706 with particular clinical features and heterogenous histology. Its recognition is important to establish accurate diagnosis and adequate therapy.

title: Primary XXXX : an uncommon extranodal presentation of aggressive non-hodgkin lymphomas.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Extranodal Lymphoma', 'follicular lymphomas', 'FLs', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow lymphoma', 'bone marrow infiltration']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow lymphoma']


abstract: Two different mutational events generate promoter-active @entity3141 sequences within the trp operon of @entity526 , probably through single base-pair changes. The mutations, obtained after @entity6321 mutagenesis by selecting for elevated lac gene expression in a trp-lac fusion, are cis dominant and trans recessive with respect to their effects on the synthesis of downstream enzymes. One of the mutants (trpD11), obtained repeatedly under the selective conditions employed, prevents the formation of active phosphoribosyltransferase. The second mutation, trp3B, has no effects on any trp enzyme. By deletion mapping, trpD11 was localized near the operator-distal end of trpD, outside the segment of deoxyribonucleic acid that contains the low-efficiency internal promoter trpP2. Reversion to prototrophy of trpD11 was greatly stimulated by @entity13129 and @entity6321 . Tests with suppressors indicated that trpD11 is a UAA (ochre) nonsense mutation. Under repression conditions, strains harboring either lesion in a normal trp operon synthesize the @entity2340 biosynthetic enzymes in a noncoordinate fashion. The products of the operator-distal structural genes trpC, trpB, and trpA are formed at rates approximately 15-fold higher than those of wild type. The enzymes encoded by operator-proximal genes trpE and trpD are low or not detectable. Under derepression conditions, coordinate expression of the operon was observed.

title: Isolation and characterization of mutations creating high-efficiency transcription initiation signals within the trp operon of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6321 :: ('MESH:D005020', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl methane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity13129 :: ('MESH:D015075', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminopurine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The challenge in renal transplantation is to improve long-term @entity1 and graft survival without increasing early acute rejection by minimizing immunosuppression. METHODS: This multicenter, observational study investigated the effects of withdrawal of @entity230 or @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) from a @entity1140 -based triple regimen (tac/ @entity2098 / @entity230 ) 3 months posttransplant at 3 years; no additional interventions or assessments were undertaken. Adult @entity1 , included in the intent-to-treat population of the THOMAS study, participated. @entity1 and graft survival, adverse events, rejection episodes, and immunosuppressive and concomitant medications were assessed. RESULTS: Data at Year 3 was available for 718 @entity1 (triple therapy, n=237; @entity134 stop, n=235; @entity2098 stop, n=246). The original randomized regimen was maintained in 45.6% of @entity1 in the triple, 62.6% in the @entity134 stop, and 53.9% in the @entity2098 stop groups. Graft survival rates were 88.1% (triple), 86.4% ( @entity134 stop), and 85.8% ( @entity2098 stop); @entity1 survival was 96.1%, 95.9%, and 95.7%, respectively. The incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection was similar in all groups between Month 7 and Year 3: 1.2% (triple), 2.0% ( @entity134 stop) and 2.0% ( @entity2098 stop). @entity1 in the @entity134 stop group had less @entity101 and significantly lower mean total @entity165 and LDL- @entity165 at Year 3 compared with Month 3 (P=0.02). Median serum @entity1011 levels remained stable throughout the follow-up and were comparable between groups. CONCLUSION: Immunosuppression minimization initiated at Month 3 was maintained at Year 3 in over half of the @entity1 . @entity134 withdrawal was advantageous in reducing the cardiovascular risk factors @entity407 , @entity101 and @entity6 . Renal function was stable in all groups.

title: Three-year observational follow-up of a multicenter, randomized trial on @entity1140 -based therapy with withdrawal of XXXX or @entity618 after renal transplant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: Importance: Relapse prevention in recurrent @entity308 is a significant public health problem, and antidepressants are the current first-line treatment approach. Identifying an equally efficacious nonpharmacological intervention would be an important development. Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis on individual @entity1 data to examine the efficacy of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) compared with usual care and other active treatments, including antidepressants, in treating those with recurrent @entity308 . Data Sources: English-language studies published or accepted for publication in peer-reviewed journals identified from EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register from the first available year to November 22, 2014. Searches were conducted from November 2010 to November 2014. Study Selection: Randomized trials of manualized @entity73 for relapse prevention in recurrent @entity308 in full or partial remission that compared @entity73 with at least 1 non- @entity73 treatment, including usual care. Data Extraction and Synthesis: This was an update to a previous meta-analysis. We screened 2555 new records after removing duplicates. Abstracts were screened for full-text extraction (S.S.) and checked by another researcher (T.D.). There were no disagreements. Of the original 2555 studies, 766 were evaluated against full study inclusion criteria, and we acquired full text for 8. Of these, 4 studies were excluded, and the remaining 4 were combined with the 6 studies identified from the previous meta-analysis, yielding 10 studies for qualitative synthesis. Full @entity1 data were not available for 1 of these studies, resulting in 9 studies with individual @entity1 data, which were included in the quantitative synthesis. Results: Of the 1258 @entity1 included, the mean (SD) age was 47.1 (11.9) years, and 944 (75.0%) were female. A 2-stage random effects approach showed that @entity1 receiving @entity73 had a reduced risk of @entity308 within a 60-week follow-up period compared with those who did not receive @entity73 (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.58-0.82). Furthermore, comparisons with active treatments suggest a reduced risk of @entity308 within a 60-week follow-up period (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97). Using a 1-stage approach, sociodemographic (ie, age, sex, education, and relationship status) and @entity146 (ie, age at onset and number of previous episodes of @entity308 ) variables showed no statistically significant interaction with @entity73 treatment. However, there was some evidence to suggest that a greater severity of @entity308 prior to treatment was associated with a larger effect of @entity73 compared with other treatments. Conclusions and Relevance: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy appears efficacious as a treatment for relapse prevention for those with recurrent @entity308 , particularly those with more pronounced residual symptoms. Recommendations are made concerning how future trials can address remaining uncertainties and improve the rigor of the field.

title: Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Prevention of @entity308 : An Individual XXXX Data Meta-analysis From Randomized Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mindfulness-based cognitive therapy', 'MBCT']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressive relapse', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ), along with behavioral and psychosocial interventions, is the first-line medication to treat @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in Sweden. The dose of @entity7541 for good symptom control differs between @entity1 . However, studies of @entity7541 concentration measurement in @entity71 treatment are limited. OBJECTIVE: To describe blood and oral fluid (OF) concentrations of @entity7541 after administration of medication in @entity1 with well-adjusted @entity7541 treatment for @entity71 , and to identify the most suitable matrix for accurate @entity7541 concentration during treatment. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from @entity1 and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP), General Psychiatry (GP), and the @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Blood and OF samples were collected in the morning before @entity7541 administration as well as 1 and 6  h after administration of the prescribed morning dose of @entity7541 . RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 aged between 9 and 69  years, 76  % males. The daily dose of @entity7541 varied from 18 to 180  mg, but the median daily dose per body weight was similar, approximately 1.0  mg/kg body weight. The median @entity7541 concentration in blood 1 and 6  h after the morning dose was 5.4 and 9.3  ng/mL, respectively. Highly variable OF-to-blood ratios for @entity7541 were found at all time points for all three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Weight is a reliable clinical parameter for optimal dose titration. Otherwise, @entity7541 blood concentration might be used for individual dose optimization and for monitoring of the prescribed dose. Relying only on the outcome in OF cannot be recommended for evaluation of accurate @entity7541 concentrations for treatment monitoring.

title: @entity2727 for Treating @entity71 : A Naturalistic Clinical Study of XXXX Blood Concentrations in @entity1 and Adults With Optimized Dosage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'Department of Dependency']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Methylphenidate']


abstract: An @entity7823 was identified as severe @entity221 with @entity882 (SFTS) in central China since late March 2009. We found the @entity1 with SFTS had severe clinical symptoms, and progressed rapidly to @entity881 ( @entity881 ) with high fatality rate of 25%-30%. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of risk factors predicting the development of @entity881 and @entity204 in SFTS @entity1 . Consecutive SFTS admissions between May 2009 and September 2011 were analyzed for parameters of organ function during hospitalization using Marshall scoring system for @entity881 , and platelet counts were recorded on admission and at 24, 48, 72 h and one week after admission. We investigated the kinetics of organ failures and analyzed the association between age, platelet count and development of @entity881 or @entity204 . A total of 92 SFTS @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Among them, 32 @entity1 with dysfunction of over 4 organs were identified, 45% of them died within 72 h, 72% died within 5 days, and 76% died within 7 days after admission. We also found cumulative Marshall score was significantly higher in @entity204 @entity1 (11.76  2.05) than in survival @entity1 (4.22  1.98) (P<0.001). In addition, SFTS @entity1 had older age and lower platelet counts in @entity881 and @entity204 groups. Furthermore, we also observed that there was a close correlation between platelet count on admission and Marshall score (P<0.001). High Marshall score, advanced age and lower platelet counts were the main risk factors for the development of @entity881 , and those factors could predict mortality in SFTS @entity1 , suggesting prompt treatment and close monitoring of severe @entity532 , especially @entity881 , are of great importance in saving @entity1 ' lives.

title: Close correlation between development of @entity881 during the initial 72 h of hospitalization and hospital mortality in severe XXXX with @entity882 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity7823 :: ('MESH:D021821', 'Disease') :: ['emerging infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: @entity35 and @entity1707 animal skin has been the most common replacement material for @entity1 skin for use in in vitro permeability experiments. Unfortunately, the permeability barrier of skin from laboratory animals is known to be relatively weak, due to significant follicular transport. @entity1707 skin has been shown to be a suitable model for @entity1 skin. Unfortunately, it cannot be gathered from the regular slaughtering process, which makes it unsuitable for permeation experiments. We therefore studied the suitability of @entity291 udder skin, an untreated waste material of the butchering process, as a possible replacement material for use in in vitro permeability tests. We investigated the barrier strength of @entity291 udder skin against four different substances, and its histology and lipid profile, in comparison with @entity1707 skin and heat separated @entity1 epidermis. @entity1707 and @entity1 skin were found to be equally permeable, whilst @entity291 udder skin seemed to exhibit a weaker, but less variable, barrier against @entity5834 , @entity13266 , @entity251 , and @entity22018 . The skin of all three species contained variable contents of the major lipid classes: @entity165 , @entity9932 , @entity14839 , @entity1718 and @entity1674 . Morphological differences mainly comprised variations in the density of hair follicles. Based on these results, the amount of free @entity1718 and @entity1674 and the density of hair follicles seem to be important factors in the differences between the skin barriers in the three species.

title: Comparison of XXXX udder skin with @entity1 and porcine skin in percutaneous permeation experiments.

entities_list: @entity13266 :: ('MESH:D019817', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity14839 :: ('CHEBI:17002', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol ester']

entities_list: @entity22018 :: ('MESH:D005439', 'Chemical') :: ['flufenamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity9932 :: ('MESH:D002518', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramides']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Mitigating @entity22674 and livestock loss to wildlife and improving compensation distribution are important for conservation efforts in landscapes where @entity1 and wildlife co-occur outside protected areas. The lack of rigorously collected spatial data poses a challenge to management efforts to minimize loss and mitigate conflicts. We surveyed 735 households from 347 villages in a 5154 km(2) area surrounding Kanha @entity7928 Reserve in India. We modeled self-reported household @entity22674 and livestock loss as a function of agricultural, demographic and environmental factors, and mitigation measures. We also modeled self-reported compensation received by households as a function of demographic factors, conflict type, reporting to authorities, and wildlife species involved. Seventy-three percent of households reported @entity22674 loss and 33% livestock loss in the previous year, but less than 8% reported @entity1 @entity204 . @entity22674 loss was associated with greater number of cropping months per year and proximity to the park. Livestock loss was associated with grazing animals inside the park and proximity to the park. Among mitigation measures only use of protective physical structures were associated with reduced livestock loss. Compensation distribution was more likely for @entity7928 related incidents, and households reporting loss and located in the buffer. Average estimated probability of @entity22674 loss was 0.93 and livestock loss was 0.60 for surveyed households. Estimated @entity22674 and livestock loss and compensation distribution were higher for households located inside the buffer. Our approach modeled conflict data to aid managers in identifying potential conflict hotspots, influential factors, and spatially maps risk probability of @entity22674 and livestock loss. This approach could help focus allocation of conservation efforts and funds directed at conflict prevention and mitigation where high densities of @entity1 and wildlife co-occur.

title: Assessing patterns of XXXX -wildlife conflicts and compensation around a Central Indian protected area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['injury or death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Birth order has been suggested to be linked to several @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors, but the evidence is still inconsistent. We aim to determine the associations of birth order with body mass index (BMI), muscle strength and blood pressure. Further we will analyse whether these relationships are affected by family characteristics. METHODS: BMI, @entity14228 , hand grip and knee extension strength and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured at conscription examination in 1,065,710 Swedish young @entity1 born between 1951 and 1975. The data were analysed using linear multivariate and fixed effects regression models; the latter compare siblings and account for genetic and social factors shared by brothers. RESULTS: Fixed effect regression analysis showed that birth order was inversely associated with BMI: second and third born had 0.8% and 1.1% (p<0.001) lower BMI than first-born, respectively. The association pattern differed among muscle strengths. After adjustment for BMI, first-born presented @entity14228 and hand grip strength than second-born (-5.9 N and -3.8 N, respectively, p<0.001). Knee extension strength was inversely related to birth order though not always significantly. The association between birth order and blood pressure was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Birth order is negatively associated with BMI and knee extension strength, positively with @entity14228 and hand grip strength, and is not associated with blood pressure among young @entity1 . Although the effects are small, the link between birth order and some @entity65 risk factors is already detectable in young adulthood.

title: Association of birth order with @entity65 risk factors in young adulthood: a study of one million Swedish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['lower elbow flexion', 'elbow flexion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PROBLEM: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) encompass a spectrum of conditions, including @entity2438 ; @entity245 , not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS); and @entity13104 . Impairments associated with @entity72 can range from mild to severe. In 2000, in response to increasing public heath concern regarding @entity72 , CDC established the @entity2438 and @entity717 Monitoring (ADDM) Network. The primary objective of this ongoing surveillance system is to track the prevalence and characteristics of @entity72 in the United States. ADDM data are useful to understand the prevalence of @entity72 and have implications for improved identification, health and education service planning, and intervention for @entity1 with @entity72 . Because complete, valid, timely, and representative prevalence estimates are essential to inform public health responses to @entity72 , evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of the ADDM methodology is needed to determine how well these methods meet the network's objective. REPORTING PERIOD: 2002. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: The ADDM Network is a multiple-source, population-based, active system for monitoring @entity72 and other @entity717 . In 2002, data were collected from 14 collaborative sites. This report describes an evaluation conducted using guidelines established by CDC for evaluating public health surveillance systems and is based on examination of the following characteristics of the ADDM Network surveillance system: simplicity, flexibility, data quality, acceptability, representativeness, sensitivity, predictive value positive ( @entity12468 ), timeliness, stability, data confidentiality and security, and sources of variability. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: Using multiple sources for case ascertainment strengthens the system's representativeness, sensitivity, and flexibility, and the clinician review process aims to bolster @entity12468 . Sensitivity and @entity12468 are difficult to measure, but the ADDM methodology provides the best possible estimate currently available of prevalence of @entity72 without conducting complete population screening and diagnostic clinical case confirmation. Although the system is dependent on the quality and availability of information in evaluation records, extensive quality control and data cleaning protocols and missing records assessments ensure the most accurate reflection of the records reviewed. Maintaining timeliness remains a challenge with this complex methodology, and continuous effort is needed to improve timeliness and simplicity without sacrificing data quality. The most difficult influences to assess are the effects of changes in diagnostic and treatment practices, service provision, and community awareness. Information sharing through education and outreach with site-specific stakeholders is the best mechanism for understanding the current climate in the community with respect to changes in service provision and public policy related to @entity72 , which can affect prevalence estimates. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: These evaluation results and descriptions can be used to help interpret the ADDM Network 2002 surveillance year data and can serve as a model for other public health surveillance systems, especially those designed to monitor the prevalence of @entity74 .

title: Evaluation of a methodology for a collaborative multiple source surveillance network for @entity2438 spectrum disorders-- @entity2438 and XXXX Monitoring Network, 14 sites, United States, 2002.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity13104 :: ('MESH:D020817', 'Disease') :: ['Asperger disorder']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic disorder', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['pervasive developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complex disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disabilities', 'Developmental Disabilities']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Developmental Disabilities']


abstract: PRINCIPALS: Accidents in @entity12767 are a problem of global importance. The hazards of working in @entity12767 are manifold (machines, animals, heights). We therefore assessed injury severity and mortality from accidents in farming. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed all farming accidents treated over a 12-year period in the emergency department (ED) of our level I @entity130 centre. RESULTS: Out of 815 @entity1 96.3% were male and 3.7% female (p <0.0001). A total of 70 @entity1 (8.6%, 70/815) were severely injured. @entity1 with @entity130 to the chest were most likely to suffer from severe @entity130 (odds ratio [OR] 9.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.59-16.00, p <0.0001), followed by @entity1 with @entity130 to the abdomen (OR 7.06, 95% CI 3.22-15.43, p <0.0001) and @entity1 with @entity542 (OR 5.03, 95% CI 2.99-8.66, p <0.0001). Hospitalisation was associated with machine- and fall-related @entity130 (OR 22.39, 95% CI 1.95-4.14, p <0.0001 and OR 2.84 95% CI 1.68-3.41 p <0.001, respectively). @entity1 suffering from a fall and @entity1 with @entity130 were more likely to die than others (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.07-10.29, p <0.037 and OR 9.17, 95% CI 6.20-13.56, p <0.0001, respectively). Fall height correlated positively with the injury severity score , hospitalisation and mortality (all p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Injuries in @entity12767 are accompanied by substantial morbidity and mortality, and range from minor @entity130 to severe @entity1230 . Additional prospective studies should be conducted on injury severity, long-term disability and mortality.

title: Injuries in XXXX --injury severity and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['agriculture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the head']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'severe injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity12767 :: (MESH:D000382,Disease) :: ['agriculture']


abstract: Numerical modelling of the cardiovascular system is becoming an important tool for assessing the influence of @entity299 and treatment therapies. In the current study, we present an approach for modelling the interaction between the heart and the circulatory system. This was accomplished by creating animal-specific biventricular finite element (FE) models, which characterise the mechanical response of the heart, and by coupling them to a lumped-parameter model that represents the systemic and pulmonic circulatory system. In order to minimise computation time, the coupling was enforced in a weak (one-way) manner, where the ventricular pressure-volume relationships were generated by the FE models and then passed into the circulatory system model to ensure volume conservation and physiological pressure changes. The models were first validated by tuning the parameters, such that the output of the models matched experimentally measured pressures and volumes. Then the models were used to examine cardiac function and the myofibre stress in a healthy @entity235 heart and a @entity235 heart with @entity384 . The results showed good agreement with experimental measurements. The stress in the case of @entity296 was found to increase significantly, while the pump function was decreased, compared to the healthy case. The total runtime of the simulations is lesser than that of many fully coupled models presented in the literature. This will allow for a much quicker evaluation of possible treatment strategies for combating the effects of @entity712 , especially in optimisation schemes that require numerous FE simulations.

title: A coupled biventricular finite element and lumped-parameter circulatory system model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The dispositions of radiolabeled @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) and @entity53 (E2) in the fetal @entity35 were compared to determine whether kinetic differences accounted for their differences in teratogenic potency. 14C (from @entity4743 ) was concentrated in fetal tissues relative to plasma, whereas 3H (from E2) was largely retained protein-bound in fetal plasma. Both compounds were rapidly metabolized in the fetus (and mother) to less or non-estrogenic products. Fetal levels of E2 declined faster than those of @entity4743 (E1 was the primary circulating @entity172 within 1-3 hr of E2 injection) so that exposure to unchanged @entity4743 was of longer duration than to E2. The unchanged compounds were retained longer and at higher concentrations in the target genital tissue compared to other tissues. Although these differences were consistent with the potencies, the concentration of the unchanged @entity172 in fetal genital tract was lower after a teratogenic dose of @entity4743 than after a threshold teratogenic dose of E2. However, the 3H in fetal plasma and genital tract cytosol at 1 hr after injection of @entity16953 at 2 ng or 10 micrograms/fetus was found to be highly protein-bound. @entity4743 competed poorly for these binding sites. It is suggested that the concentration of E2 which is "free" in the cell (as @entity4743 is), rather than the total content, correlates with its teratogenicity. Thus, in the @entity35 , rapid metabolism and extensive protein-binding, both extra- and intracellularly, reduce the teratogenicity of the natural @entity172 compared to the synthetic @entity172 .

title: Comparison of the disposition of XXXX and @entity53 in the fetal @entity35 . Correlation with teratogenic potency.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The plasminogen activator system has been proposed to play a role in proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrices in tissue remodeling, including wound healing. The aim of this study was to elucidate the presence of components of the plasminogen activator system during different stages of periodontal wound healing. METHODS: Periodontal wounds were created around the molars of adult @entity35 and healing was followed for 28 days. Immunohistochemical analyses of the healing tissues and an analysis of the periodontal wound healing fluid by ELISA were carried out for the detection of @entity2435 ( @entity2435 ), @entity11693 ( @entity11693 ), and 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors ( @entity2630 and @entity12576 ). RESULTS: During the early stages (days 1 to 3) of periodontal wound healing, @entity2630 and @entity12576 were found to be closely associated with the deposition of a fibrin clot in the gingival sulcus. These components were strongly associated with the infiltrating inflammatory cells around the fibrin clot. During days 3 to 7, @entity11693 , @entity2630 , and @entity12576 were associated with cells (particularly monocytes/macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells) in the newly formed granulation tissue. During days 7 to 14, a new attachment apparatus was formed during which @entity2630 , @entity12576 , and @entity11693 were localized in both periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDL) and epithelial cells at sites where these cells were attaching to the root surface. In the periodontal wound healing fluid, the concentration for @entity2435 increased and peaked during the first week. @entity12576 had a similar expression to @entity2435 , but at a lower level over the entire wound-healing period. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the plasminogen activator system is involved in the entire process of periodontal wound healing, in particular with the formation of fibrin matrix on the root surface and its replacement by granulation tissue, as well as the subsequent formation of the attachment of soft tissue to the root surface during the later stages of wound repair.

title: The expression of plasminogen activator system in a XXXX model of periodontal wound healing.

entities_list: @entity2435 :: ('25692(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity11693 :: ('25619(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'u-PA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To compare clinical and bacteriological cure rates of clinical @entity1271 following treatment with either antimicrobials or homeopathic preparations. METHODS: Seven spring-calving herds from the Waikato region of New Zealand were used to source cases of clinical @entity1271 (n   =   263 glands) during the first 90   days following calving. Duplicate milk samples were collected for bacteriology from each clinically infected gland at diagnosis and 25 (SD 5.3) days after initial treatment. Affected glands were treated with either an antimicrobial formulation or a homeopathic remedy. Generalised linear models with @entity2246 and logit link were used to analyse the proportion of @entity291 that were clinical treatment cures and the proportion of glands that were classified as bacteriological cures, based on initial and post-treatment milk samples. RESULTS: Mean cumulative incidence of clinical @entity1271 was 7% (range 2-13% across herds) of @entity291 . @entity8211 was the most common pathogen isolated from culture-positive samples from affected glands (140/209; 67%). The clinical cure rate was higher for @entity291 treated with antimicrobials (107/113; 95%) than for @entity291 treated with homeopathic remedies (72/114; 63%) (p   <   0.001) based on the observance of clinical signs following initial treatment. Across all pathogen types bacteriological cure rate at gland level was higher for those @entity291 treated with antimicrobials (75/102; 74%) than for those treated with a homeopathic preparation (39/107; 36%) (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Using herds located in the Waikato region of New Zealand, homeopathic remedies had significantly lower clinical and bacteriological cure rates compared with antimicrobials when used to treat post-calving clinical @entity1271 where @entity8211 was the most common pathogen. The proportion of @entity291 that needed retreatment was significantly higher for the homeopathic treated @entity291 . This, combined with lower bacteriological cure rates, has implications for duration of @entity281 , individual @entity291 somatic cell count, costs associated with treatment and animal welfare.

title: Lack of efficacy of homeopathic therapy against post-calving clinical XXXX in dairy herds in the Waikato region of New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis', 'S. uberis']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['binomial error distribution']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The influence of race and age on thrombolytic therapy, invasive cardiac procedures and outcomes was assessed in a Veterans Affairs teaching hospital. The influence of Q wave evolution on the use of invasive cardiac procedures and outcome was also assessed. BACKGROUND: It is not well known how early revascularization procedures for @entity583 are delivered or influence survival in a Veterans Affairs @entity1 population. METHODS: From October 1993 to October 1995, all @entity1 with @entity583 were identified by elevated @entity908 kinase, MB fraction (CK-MB) and one of the following: @entity662 or @entity1353 during the preceding 24 h or electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities. RESULTS: Racial groups were similar in terms of age, time to ECG, peak CK and length of hospital stay. Mortality increased with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33 to 2.81). A trend toward increased mortality occurred for race other than Caucasian. @entity1 meeting ECG criteria were given thrombolytic agents in 49% of cases, but age, comorbidity count and Hispanic race decreased the probability of thrombolytic use. Cardiac catheterization was performed more often after thrombolytic agents (OR 1.85, 95% CI 0.97 to 3.54), but less often in African-Americans (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.02), older @entity1 (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.64) or @entity1 with @entity712 (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.52). @entity1 evolving non-Q wave @entity1188 were older and had increased comorbidity counts and trends toward increased mortality. Angioplasty was chosen less for @entity1 > or = 65 years old (p = 0.02); angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery were performed less in @entity1 > or = 70 years old (p = 0.02). @entity1 treated invasively had lower mortality rates than those treated medically (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The use of thrombolytic agents and invasive treatment plans declined with age, and mortality increased with age. Trends toward increased mortality occurred with non-Q wave @entity1188 and race other than Caucasian.

title: Acute XXXX : clinical characteristics, management and outcome in a metropolitan Veterans Affairs Medical Center teaching hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: GOALS OF WORK: To evaluate a 12-week home-based walking intervention among @entity0 survivors and to quantify changes in physical activity (PA) behaviors, body weight, and body composition in response to the intervention. @entity1 AND METHODS: Breast @entity5 survivors that were in the posttreatment period were randomized to intervention (n=23) or wait-list usual care (n=13). PA was assessed by self-report, and in a study subsample (n=23), by an accelerometer. Intention to treat principles were employed to estimate the intervention effect on PA behaviors, body weight, and body composition. Intervention adherence was calculated as the proportion of exercise sessions completed relative to the number of exercise sessions recommended, as reported each week on walking logs. MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-four of 36 @entity1 randomized (94%) completed the study. Average intervention adherence over 12 weeks was 94%. Intervention @entity1 reported a significantly greater increase in walking for exercise [+11.9 metabolic equivalent (MET)-h/week] over time than did usual care @entity1 (+1.7 MET-h/week, p=0.01). Objective measures of activity also indicated that intervention @entity1 increased their activity levels over time as compared to usual care @entity1 [i.e., counts/min/day and steps/day (p< or =0.04)]. No significant changes in body weight or composition were observed. CONCLUSION: We found that a 12-week home-based walking intervention was safe and effective for increasing short-term PA levels in @entity0 survivors. Future studies are needed to assess the ability of brief interventions to facilitate the maintenance of increased activity levels and to produce favorable quality of life and risk factor outcomes.

title: Evaluation of a 12-week home-based walking intervention for XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The differential regulation of pulmonary surfactant proteins (SPs) is demonstrated in a @entity19 model of @entity54 (Af )-induced @entity56 airway @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness. BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized intraperitoneally and challenged intranasally with Af extract. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in these @entity19 showed markedly increased total IgE and Af-specific IgE and @entity6527 . This was associated with peribronchial/perivascular tissue @entity32 , airway @entity1712 , and secretion of interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity59 into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Functional analysis revealed that in comparison with nonsensitized @entity19 , @entity56 sensitization and challenge resulted in significant increases in @entity934 responsiveness. To analyze levels of SPs, the cell-free supernate of the BALF was further fractionated by high-speed (20,000 x g) centrifugation. After sensitization and challenges, the pellet (large-aggregate fraction) showed a selective downregulation of hydrophobic SPs @entity44472 and @entity16529 by 50%. This reduction was reflected by commensurate decreases in @entity44472 and @entity16529 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the lung tissue of these animals. In contrast, there was a 9-fold increase in @entity24526 protein levels in the 20,000 x g supernate without changes in @entity24526 mRNA. The increased levels of @entity24526 showed a significant positive correlation with serum IgE (r = 0.85, P < 0.001). Tissue mRNA and protein levels of @entity7251 in either the large- or the small-aggregate fractions were unaffected. Our data indicate that @entity56 airway @entity32 induces selective inhibition of hydrophobic SP synthesis accompanied by marked increases in the lung collectin @entity24526 protein content of BALF. These changes may contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of Af-induced @entity56 airway hyperresponsiveness.

title: @entity54 -induced XXXX airway @entity32 alters surfactant homeostasis and lung function in BALB/c @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) was evaluated for its ability to identify unanticipated targetable genomic alterations (GA) for @entity1 with relapsed @entity43 ( @entity43 ). METHODS: DNA sequencing was performed for 3320 exons of 182 @entity5 -related genes and 37 introns of 14 genes frequently rearranged in @entity5 on indexed, adaptor ligated, hybridization-captured libraries using DNA isolated from FFPE sections from 48 histologically verified relapsed @entity43 specimens. The original primary @entity5 was sequenced in 26 (54%) of the cases and recurrent/metastatic @entity5 site biopsies were sequenced in 22 (46%) of the cases. Actionability was defined as: GA that predict sensitivity or resistance to approved or standard therapies or are inclusion or exclusion criteria for specific experimental therapies in NCI registered clinical trials. RESULTS: There were 38 (80%) serous, 5 (10%) endometrioid, 3 (6%) clear cell, 1 mucinous (2%) and 1 (2%) undifferentiated @entity189 . 141 GA were identified with an average of 2.9 GA (range 0-8) per @entity5 , of which 67 were actionable for an average of 1.4 actionable GA per @entity1 (range 0-5). 33/48 (69%) of @entity43 @entity1 samples harbored at least one actionable GA. Most common GA were @entity876 (79%); MYC (25%); @entity6069 (23%); @entity984 (16.6%) and @entity1265 (14.5%). One @entity5 featured an @entity1722 point mutation. One of 3 (33%) of clear cell tumors featured cMET amplification validated by both FISH and IHC. CONCLUSIONS: NGS assessment of therapy resistant @entity43 identifies an unexpectedly high frequency of GA that could influence targeted therapy selection for the disease.

title: Comprehensive genomic profiling of XXXX by next generation sequencing-based diagnostic assay reveals new routes to targeted therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian epithelial carcinoma', 'OC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present randomized-controlled double-blinded clinical multicenter study was to assess the use of either a new cross-linked (VN) or a native collagen membrane (BG) for the treatment of dehiscence-type defects at @entity702 implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of n=54 @entity1 were recruited in four German university clinics. According to a parallel-groups design, dehiscence-type defects at @entity702 implants were filled with a natural bone mineral and randomly assigned to either VN or BG. Submerged sites were allowed to heal for 4 months. Primary (e.g., changes in defect length - DeltaDL, quality of newly formed tissue [0-4] - TQ) and secondary parameters (e.g., membrane exposure, tissue conditions at dehisced sites) were consecutively recorded. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were excluded due to an early wound @entity281 (VN:3; BG:1), and one @entity1 was lost during follow-up (VN). The mean DeltaDL was 3.0 +/- 2.5 mm in the VN, and 1.94 +/- 2.13 mm in the BG group. The assessment of TQ revealed comparable mean values in both groups (VN: 3.05 +/- 1.66, BG: 3.46 +/- 1.48). A significant correlation between membrane exposure and @entity32 of the adjacent soft tissue was observed in the VN group. In both groups, the mean DL and TQ values were not significantly different at either non-exposed or exposed implant sites. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study have indicated that VN supported bone regeneration on a level non-inferior to BG. However, in case of a premature membrane exposure, cross-linking might impair soft-tissue healing or may even cause wound @entity281 .

title: Use of a new cross-linked collagen membrane for the treatment of dehiscence-type defects at XXXX implants: a prospective, randomized-controlled double-blinded clinical multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: AIMS: To estimate the cumulative incidence of @entity86 , identify risk factors and determine clinical outcomes in China. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for all @entity1 with acute-onset @entity3225 after @entity231 surgery from January 2006 to December 2011 at eight eye centres of tertiary care hospitals in China. RESULTS: Sixty-six cases of presumed @entity3225 occurred after 201 757 @entity231 surgeries, yielding a cumulative incidence of 0.033% (95% CI 0.025 to 0.041). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of @entity3225 increased with intraoperative communication with vitreous (multivariate OR 9.96; 95% CI 4.54 to 21.84; p<0.001). After a median follow-up of 153 days, best-corrected visual acuity in the affected eye was more than 20/70 in 29/65 (44.6%) @entity1 , and more than 20/40 in 20/65 (30.8%). A predictor of good visual acuity was baseline acuity of counting fingers or better (OR 6.25; 95% CI 2.13 to 18.33). Of 64 cases, 25 (39.1%) were culture positive. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species were the most common organisms isolated, accounting for 72.0% of the culture-positive cases (18/25). Two eye centres that used a combination of a high concentration @entity2176 (1 mg/0.1 mL intracameral @entity2176 injection or 100   g/mL @entity2176 in irrigating solution) and @entity2890 as infection prophylaxis achieved a lower incidence of @entity3225 than other centres (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity282 after @entity231 surgery in tertiary care hospitals of China was 0.033%. Intraoperative communication with vitreous was a major risk factor for developing @entity3225 . Prophylactic use of a high-concentration @entity2176 and @entity2890 may play a positive role in the prevention of @entity86 after @entity231 surgery.

title: The incidence of XXXX after @entity231 surgery in China: a multicenter investigation of 2006-2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['acute postoperative endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']


abstract: @entity177 is a devastating disease that leads to a multitude of complications. Cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment modality for @entity177 . However, efficacy testing on systemic renal function has been challenging due to the limited availability of reliable models that are fully characterized. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using @entity8 /reperfusion (I/R) injury as a viable model for testing cell therapies. We examined functional and pathological changes in @entity35 kidneys that were exposed to different @entity63 times. Male Lewis @entity35 were divided into five groups. @entity177 was induced by clamping both renal pedicles for combinations of 60, 75, and 90  min, followed by reperfusion. Age-matched healthy @entity35 served as controls. Blood was collected at regular intervals for serum chemistry, and kidneys were harvested at the same intervals for histomorphological assessment. Serum @entity1011 levels of the animals with I/R injury increased significantly after 3  days and returned to normal levels at 4  weeks. Histologically, kidney tissue showed progressive @entity8 with varying degrees of @entity82 . Animals exposed to 75- and 90-min @entity63 combination times consistently generated more severe injury than the 60-min @entity63 period. However, these groups resulted in a high mortality rate. A model in which one kidney is exposed to a shorter @entity63 time (60 or 90 min) resulted in sustained @entity8 with a lower mortality rate. This study shows that kidneys exposed to I/R result in @entity8 as well as @entity177 . This model can be used to study both the short-term and longer-term effects of @entity8 by varying the length of the ischemic time. In particular, the use of longer ischemic times (75 and 90  min) could be used to study new therapies for @entity810 , whereas shorter ischemic times (60  min) could be used to study therapies for @entity740 .

title: @entity63 /reperfusion-induced @entity177 in XXXX as a model for evaluating cell therapies.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tissue damage', 'renal ischemia', 'glomerular and tubular deterioration', 'renal damage', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure', 'Chronic renal failure', 'decreased renal function']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The respiratory related target motion and setup error will lead to a large margin in the gastric radiotherapy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dosimetric benefit and the possibility of incorporating the breath-hold (BH) technique with online image-guided radiotherapy in the adjuvant @entity356 radiotherapy. METHODS: Setup errors and target motions of 22 post-operative @entity356 @entity1 with surgical clips were analyzed. Clips movement was recorded using the digital fluoroscopics and the probability distribution functions (pdf) of the target motions were created for both the free breathing (FB) and BH treatment. For dosimetric comparisons, two intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment plans, i.e. the free breathing treatment plan (IMRT(FB)) and the image-guided BH treatment plan (IMRT(IGBH)) using the same beam parameters were performed among 6 randomly selected @entity1 . Different margins for FB and BH plans were derived. The plan dose map was convoluted with various pdfs of the setup errors and the target motions. Target coverage and dose to organs at risk were compared and the dose-escalation probability was assessed. RESULTS: The mean setup errors were 1.2   mm in the superior-inferior (SI), 0.0   mm in the left-right (LR), and 1.4   mm in the anterior-posterior (AP) directions. The mean target motion for the free breathing (vs. BH) was 11.1   mm (vs. 2.2   mm), 1.9   mm (vs. 1.1   mm), and 5.5   mm (vs. 1.7   mm) in the SI, LR, and AP direction, respectively. The target coverage was comparable for all the original plans. IMRT(IGBH) showed lower dose to the liver compared with IMRT(FB) (p   =   0.01) but no significant difference in the kidneys. Convolved IMRTIGBH showed better sparing in kidneys (p   <   0.01) and similar in liver (p   =   0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Combining BH technique with online image guided IMRT can minimize the organ motion and improve the setup accuracy. The dosimetric comparison showed the dose could be escalated to 54   Gy without increasing the critical organs @entity137 , although further clinical data is needed.

title: Incorporating breath holding and image guidance in the adjuvant XXXX radiotherapy: a dosimetric study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: This multicentric, double-blind and prospective study, which involved 41 French Gastroenterology Units, was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity6359 , 40 mg at bedtime, compared to single dose @entity5616 , 300 mg, in promoting the healing of duodenal @entity1066 . Two hundred and ninety-six @entity1 with endoscopically proven duodenal @entity1066 were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups: 148 were treated with @entity6359 , and 148 with @entity5616 . @entity1 were treated during 4 weeks and then controlled by endoscopy. Unhealed @entity1 at 4 weeks were treated again by the same drug for 2 weeks and then endoscopically controlled. One hundred and nine @entity1 were evaluable in the @entity6359 group and 111 in the @entity5616 group. Groups were well-matched for age, sex, @entity167 and smoking habits, and duration of @entity1066 . At 4 weeks of treatment, 86 of the 109 @entity1 treated with @entity6359 had healed (79 percent) and 74 of the 111 @entity1 treated with @entity5616 healed (67 percent). At 6 weeks of treatment, 104 @entity1 had healed in the @entity6359 group (95 percent) and 101 in the @entity5616 group (91 percent). Results were significantly different between the 2 groups at 4 weeks of treatment only (p = 0.039). Among smoking @entity1 , no statistical difference was observed between the 2 groups at 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. By contrast, in non smoking @entity1 , @entity6359 appeared more effective (83 percent healed) than @entity5616 (67 percent) (p = 0.014) at 4 weeks. Both treatments were well tolerated and severe adverse effects were scarcely observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparative efficacy of @entity6359 and @entity5616 in the treatment of acute-phase duodenal XXXX . A French comparative therapeutic trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between @entity1375 and preterm contractions. METHODS: Prospective observational study among @entity1 at 23   +   0/7 and 34   +   6/7 weeks of gestation, with no known @entity1374 , and @entity2472 ( @entity2472 ). All @entity1 underwent laboratory evaluation of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Free Thyroxin (FT4). @entity1 with and without @entity2472 were compared. RESULTS: No association was found between @entity2472 and sub-clinical @entity1375 . Rate of spontaneous @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ) were comparable between @entity1 with abnormal and normal thyroid function tests. Excluding indicated @entity3152 , @entity1 in the study group had a higher rate of spontaneous @entity3152 (24.7% vs. 9.6%, p   =   0.03). @entity1 with past @entity3152 and preterm contractions had higher rates of hypothyroxinemia compared with @entity1 without past @entity3152 (54.6% vs. 19.0% and 31.2%, p   =   0.001), and @entity1 with past @entity3152 (regardless of the presence or absence of @entity2472 ) had higher rate of sub-clinical @entity1375 compared with @entity1 with @entity2472 and without @entity3152 (59.1% and 66.7% vs. 31.6%, p   =   0.017). CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between @entity2472 and @entity1375 in the entire cohort, except for @entity1 with preterm contractions and a history of past @entity3152 . This specific group of @entity1 might benefit from thyroid function evaluation.

title: Is there an association between @entity1375 and XXXX ? A prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'PTD']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid function abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['preterm uterine contractions', 'PTC']

answer: @entity2472 :: (MESH:C536214,Disease) :: ['preterm uterine contractions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: GOG study 172 demonstrated improved progression-free (PFS) and overall ( @entity3012 ) survival for @entity1 with stage III optimally debulked @entity43 treated with IV/IP @entity1311 and IP @entity900 compared to standard IV therapy. The inpatient administration, @entity137 profile, and limited completion rate have been blamed for the lack of acceptance and widespread use of this regimen. We sought to evaluate the PFS, @entity3012 , @entity137 , and completion rate of a modified outpatient IP regimen. METHODS: Using a prospectively maintained database, we evaluated the outcomes of @entity1 who underwent primary optimal cytoreduction for @entity43 followed by IV/IP chemotherapy from 1/05-3/09. Our modified regimen was as follows: IV @entity1311 (135 mg/m(2)) over 3h on day 1, IP @entity900 (75 mg/m(2)) on day 2, and IP @entity1311 (60 mg/m(2)) on day 8, given every 21 days for 6 cycles. RESULTS: We identified 102 @entity1 who initiated the modified IV/IP regimen and completed chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 43 months. The median age at diagnosis was 57 years (range, 23-76). Primary disease site was: ovary, 77 (75%); fallopian tube, 13 (13%); peritoneum, 12 (12%). FIGO stage was: IIIA, 8 (8%); IIIB, 4 (4%); IIIC, 90 (88%). @entity66 after cytoreduction was: none, 58 (57%);  <= 1 cm, 44 (43%). The most frequent grade 3/4 @entity137 were: @entity1398 , 12 (12%); gastrointestinal, 8 (8%); neurologic, 6 (6%). Eighty-two (80%) of 102 @entity1 completed 4 or more cycles of IV/IP therapy; 56 (55%) completed all 6 cycles. The median PFS and @entity3012 were 29 and 67 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: By modifying the GOG 172 treatment regimen, convenience, @entity137 , and tolerability appear improved, with survival outcomes similar to those of GOG 172. This modified IV/IP regimen warrants further study.

title: Progression-free and overall survival of a modified outpatient regimen of primary intravenous/intraperitoneal @entity1311 and intraperitoneal XXXX in ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma', 'stage III ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the cost-effectiveness of @entity15833 and @entity17705 in e antigen positive ( @entity39359 ) and negative ( @entity39359 ) chronic @entity1956 . METHODS: Using a multicenter survey including 544 @entity1 we measured @entity1 quality of life and attributable costs by clinical disease stage. Natural disease progression was studied in 278 @entity1 in a single center. A Markov model was constructed to follow hypothetical cohorts of treated and untreated 40-year-old CHBe+ and @entity39359 - @entity1 and 50-year-old @entity1 with compensated @entity82 . RESULTS: We did not find an improvement in quality of life when viral load was reduced under treatment. Transition rates to liver @entity82 were found to be age-dependent. Assuming equal effectiveness, @entity15833 dominates the @entity17705 strategy because of its lower price in Belgium. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of @entity15833 after 20 years is more favorable for treating Caucasian cirrhotic @entity1 (mean ICER    29,000/quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]) compared with treating non-cirrhotic @entity1 (mean ICER    110,000 and 131,000/QALY for CHB e+ and e-, respectively). Within the non-cirrhotic @entity1 the ICER decreases with increasing cohort starting age from 30 to 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: Results of long-term models for @entity15833 or @entity17705 treatment of CHB need to be interpreted with caution as long-term trials with hard end points are lacking. Especially the effect on HCC remains highly uncertain. Based on cost-effectiveness considerations such antiviral treatment should be targeted at @entity1 with @entity82 or at risk of rapid progression to this disease stage.

title: Should chronic XXXX be treated as early as possible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: The kinetic behavior of T-type @entity141 current ( @entity1619 ) was studied in @entity235 cardiac Purkinje cells using a single suction-pipette whole-cell voltage clamp method. @entity1619 was studied without contamination of conventional L-type @entity141 current (ICa-L). @entity141 , @entity15410 , or @entity8594 were used as the charge carrier. During maintained depolarization @entity1619 decayed rapidly, and under most conditions the decay showed a voltage-dependent single exponential time course that did not depend on the species of charge carrier. The development of inactivation did not depend on @entity141 , but the time course required more than a single exponential process. Just negative to the threshold voltage for activating @entity1619 , inactivation slowly developed and there was a delay in its onset. The time course of recovery from inactivation was dependent on the protocol used to measure it. As the duration of an inactivating voltage step was increased, recovery slowed markedly and there was a delay in its onset. The time course of recovery could be fit as a biexponential. The fast and slow time constants of recovery were relatively constant, however, the relative amplitudes were dependent on the duration of the inactivating voltage step. Recovery was not dependent on @entity141 , and it was slower at a less negative voltage. These results suggest that the T-type @entity141 channel in cardiac Purkinje cells follows a complex kinetic scheme dependent only on voltage. This behavior can be accounted for by incorporating into a Markovian model several inactivated and closed states.

title: Inactivation properties of T-type calcium current in XXXX cardiac Purkinje cells.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies on the associations between sex hormones and multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) are lacking. @entity2204 ( @entity2204 )   4 status may modify the effects of sex hormones on neuropsychiatric symptoms. METHODS: A total of 86 male and 87 female @entity195 @entity1 participated in the present study. The adjusted associations between symptoms on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and serum levels of @entity53 (total, bioavailable) and @entity251 (total, bioavailable) were analyzed. RESULTS: Agitation/ @entity146 was negatively associated with quartiles of bioavailable @entity53 among male @entity1 , and positively associated with @entity251 levels among female @entity1 . The modifying effects of @entity2204 genotype only existed in female @entity1 . Those females with higher levels of @entity53 and the   4 allele had higher odds of @entity2146 / @entity146 . Furthermore, the @entity251   @entity2204 status interaction was positively associated with @entity1833 in female @entity1 . CONCLUSION: There were sex-specific effects of sex hormones on @entity2146 / @entity146 in @entity195 . Sex hormones and @entity2204 status synergistically influence some neuropsychiatric symptoms among female but not male @entity195 @entity1 .

title: @entity2204 status modifies the effects of sex hormones on neuropsychiatric symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['APOE', 'APOE   4', 'Apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']