abstract: Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial carriers distributed throughout the eukaryotic kingdoms. While genes coding for UCPs have been identified in plants and animals, evidences for the presence of @entity1131 are only functional. Here, it is reported that in the @entity375 @entity10057 there is a @entity844 -promoted and @entity3006 -sensitive uncoupling activity indicating the presence of a UCP. The uncoupling activity is higher in the stationary phase than in the mid-log growth phase. The in silico search on the @entity10057 genome led to the selection of two genes with the highest homology to the UCP family, XM_503525 and XM_500457. By phylogenetic analysis, XP_503525 was predicted to be an oxaloacetate carrier while XP_500457 would be a dicarboxylate carrier. Each of these two genes was cloned and heterologously expressed in @entity375 and the resulting phenotype was analyzed. The transport activity of the two gene products confirmed the phylogenetic predictions. In addition, only mitochondria isolated from @entity375 expressing XP_503525 showed bioenergetic properties characteristic of a UCP: the proton conductance was increased by @entity4722 and inhibited by @entity3006 . It is concluded that the XM_503525 gene from @entity10057 encodes for an oxaloacetate carrier although, remarkably, it also displays an uncoupling activity stimulated by @entity1718 and inhibited by @entity2036 .

title: Identification of the mitochondrial carrier that provides XXXX with a @entity844 -induced and nucleotide-sensitive uncoupling protein-like activity.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['UCPs in fungi and protozoa']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'yeasts']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity10057 :: ('4952', 'Species') :: ['Yarrowia lipolytica', 'Y. lipolytica']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity10057 :: (4952,Species) :: ['Yarrowia lipolytica']


abstract: Different dietary proteins vary in their ability to influence satiety and reduce food intake. The present study compared the effects of four protein meals, whey, tuna, @entity233 and @entity19351 , on postprandial @entity413 and @entity19352 concentrations as well as on appetite measures and energy intake in twenty-two lean, healthy @entity1 . This was a randomised, cross-over design study where @entity1 consumed four liquid test meals on separate occasions followed by the collection of regular blood samples (fasting, +30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min). They were then offered a buffet meal 4 h later. The blood @entity413 response after the consumption of the test meal, as an incremental area under the curve (AUC), was significantly lower with the whey meal than with the @entity233 (P < 0.023) and egg (P < 0.001) meals, but it was not lower than with the tuna meal (P < 0.34). The AUC blood @entity19352 after the consumption of the test meal was significantly higher with the whey meal than with the tuna, @entity233 and egg meals (all P < 0.001). The AUC rating of hunger was significantly lower with the whey meal than with the tuna (P < 0.033), @entity233 (P < 0.001) and egg (P < 0.001) meals. Mean energy intake at the ad libitum meal was significantly lower (P < 0.001) with the whey meal than with the tuna, egg and @entity233 meals. There was a strong relationship between self-rated appetite, postprandial @entity19352 response and energy intake at lunch. Whey protein meal produced a greater @entity19352 response, reduced appetite and decreased ad libitum energy intake at a subsequent meal compared with the other protein meals, indicating a potential for appetite suppression and @entity353 in overweight or @entity28 individuals.

title: The acute effects of four protein meals on insulin, XXXX , appetite and energy intake in lean @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity722 of the @entity1062 is a rare intermediate @entity5 that can be distinguished in the adult and juvenile type. The juvenile type is the most common reason for @entity4 in newborns under the age of six months. Less than fifty cases of this disease entity have been reported in the literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: In the following article, two newborn @entity1 with @entity4 and a histological confirmation of @entity722 of the @entity1062 will be presented. RESULTS: Case 1: A newborn @entity1 presented with massive @entity4 . Sonography of the testicle exhibited a multiple septic and cystic enlargement of the testicle without distinction of the testicular parenchyma being possible. The laboratory findings demonstrated normal @entity251 levels, beta-HCG and inhibin-B levels as well as an increased alpha-fetoprotein level of 35.350 ng/dl. Due to clinical and sonographic findings, an inguinal exploration and later, due to the impossibility of distinction of the testicular parenchyma, an inguinal orchiectomy of the right testicle was performed. Case 2: The clinical and sonographic examination of a newborn @entity1 demonstrated a suspicious process of the left testicle. Sonography exhibited an enlarged testicle with cystic formations with the distinction of the testicular parenchyma not being possible. The laboratory findings demonstrated normal @entity251 levels, beta-HCG and inhibin-B levels as well as an increased alpha-fetoprotein level of 9.038 ng/dl and LDH of 768 U/I. An inguinal orchiectomy of the left testicle was performed. In both cases, a histological diagnosis of @entity722 of the @entity1062 was made. CONCLUSION: These two aforementioned cases demonstrate that @entity722 of the @entity1062 is a @entity66 encountered in newborns, which exhibits an excellent prognosis. Inguinal orchiectomy is the therapy of choice. After surgical removal of the involved testicle is performed no further management is required.

title: @entity722 of the XXXX in newborns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['benign disease']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile granulosa cell tumor', 'Granulosa cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stromal cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal swelling']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: Concern with increasing levels of emerging contaminants exists on a global scale. Three commonly observed emerging environmental contaminants: @entity14789 ( @entity15780 ), a synthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, and @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) and @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ), used in stain- and water-resistant treatments, have become distributed ubiquitously across ecosystems and have been detected in wildlife and @entity1 . MCF-7 BOS @entity1 @entity0 cells were used to investigate the potential for @entity137 , estrogenicity and anti-estrogenicity of these three compounds at environmentally relevant concentrations using the @entity15781 , inner salt assay (MTS) and the E-SCREEN bioassay. The doses used were 0.002-200   g ml(-1) for @entity14789 and 0.03-30   g ml(-1) for @entity14912 and @entity2207 . Quantitative results from the MTS assay revealed no significant @entity137 at lower concentrations for any of the test compounds; however, both @entity14789 and @entity2207 were cytotoxic at the highest concentrations examined (100-200 and 30   g ml(-1), respectively), while @entity14912 showed no significant @entity137 at any of the concentrations tested. Positive estrogenic responses (P < 0.05) were elicited from the E-SCREEN at all concentrations examined for @entity14789 and @entity2207 and at 30   g ml(-1) for @entity14912 . Further, significant anti-estrogenic activity (P < 0.05) was detected for all compounds tested at all concentrations when cells were co-exposed with 10(-9) m 17-b @entity53 (E(2)). The overall results demonstrated that @entity14789 , @entity14912 and @entity2207 have estrogenic activities and that co-exposure to contaminants and E(2) produced anti-estrogenic effects. Each of these compounds could provide a source of xenoestrogens to @entity1 and wildlife in the environment. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

title: Comparison of in vitro @entity137 , estrogenicity and anti-estrogenicity of @entity14789 , @entity14911 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity15781 :: ('MESH:C070380', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan']

entities_list: @entity15780 :: ('MESH:C112022', 'Chemical') :: ["2,4,4-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether"]

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity2206 :: (MESH:C023036,Chemical) :: ['perfluorooctanoic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity174 resistance of @entity2300 ( @entity2300 ) was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity2300 were constructed using ice zircon milled ceramic material. Specimens were divided into three groups, 10 specimens each, according to the abutment preparation: inlay-shaped (occluso-proximal inlay + proximal box), tub-shaped (occluso-proximal inlay), and proximal box-shaped preparations. Each group was then subdivided into two subgroups of five specimens each, according to the span of the edentulous area representing a missing premolar or molar. All specimens were subjected to a @entity174 resistance test. RESULTS: @entity2300 with inlay-shaped retainers showed the highest @entity174 resistance values for missing premolars and molars. @entity2300 with box-shaped retainers showed lower @entity174 resistance values. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the three tested CIRFPD designs. There was a statistically significant difference between @entity2300 constructed for the replacement of molars and those constructed for the replacement of premolars. The CIRFPD constructed for the replacement of molars gave lower @entity174 resistance values with the three tested designs. All the @entity174 resistance values obtained in this study were superior to the assumed maximum mastication forces. Failure mode was delamination and chipping of the veneering material. CONCLUSIONS: There was a statistically significant difference between the three designs of CIRPFDs tested. There was a statistically significant difference between @entity2300 constructed for the replacement of molars than those constructed for the replacement of premolars. The @entity2300 constructed for the replacement of molars gave lower @entity174 resistance values with the three tested designs. All @entity174 resistance values obtained in this study were superior to the assumed maximum mastication forces.

title: XXXX resistance of three ceramic inlay-retained fixed partial denture designs. An in vitro comparative study.

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['ceramic inlay-retained fixed partial dentures', 'CIRFPDs']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung metastases are rarely a significant factor in the management of @entity263 . The usual pattern of spread is via lymphatic pathways, with @entity358 virtually always occurring with osseous metastases. Previous reports suggest that @entity342 deprivation often fails to produce significant improvement in @entity1 with @entity358 ; however, in the authors' experience, it has been successful in achieving objective responses. METHODS: A retrospective review of a @entity263 data base was performed to identify @entity1 with @entity263 and radiographic evidence of @entity358 . A unique case of isolated @entity358 with exsanguinating hemoptysis is described to illustrate the dramatic response to @entity342 deprivation. RESULTS: Of 1290 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity263 , in 47 (3.6%) @entity1 radiologic evidence of @entity358 was observed. Twenty-six (2.0%) @entity1 demonstrated @entity358 at the time of initial detection of @entity3 . The radiographic appearance of @entity358 was consistent with lymphangitic spread in the majority of @entity1 . Of @entity1 who received no hormonal therapy before the development of @entity358 , 76.5% showed improvement in the appearance of their @entity358 with @entity342 deprivation. As expected, survival was longer for those @entity1 presenting with hormone-naive disease and @entity358 than for @entity1 with hormone-refractory disease and @entity358 . The difference in survival, however, was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary metastases are not encountered commonly in @entity1 with @entity263 . @entity342 deprivation remains the most effective treatment and, among hormone-naive @entity1 , objective response is common. The prognosis for @entity1 with hormone-naive disease and @entity358 is not necessarily worse than for @entity1 with @entity3 at other sites.

title: Pulmonary metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'large prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastases', 'pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity8434 is a widespread zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. This disease produces significant financial losses and it remains a serious health problem in a number of countries. @entity8434 results from ingesting the eggs of @entity12047 , and the developing larvae envelop themselves in a cyst which forms in the organs of the intermediate hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity8434 in @entity742 , @entity291 , buffalo, and @entity1237 , slaughtered in the Tabriz Abattoir, Northwest of Iran. From April 2012 to April 2013, out of 14828 slaughtered animals examined for CE ( @entity8434 ) in liver and lungs (5000 @entity742 , 6125 @entity291 , 1103 buffaloes and 2600 @entity1237 ), 25.57% were infected. The rates of CE in lungs and liver were 15.2% and 7.18% in @entity742 , respectively, 15.30% and 9.73% in @entity1237 , respectively, 18.71% and 9.61% in @entity291 , respectively and 15.68% and 11.24% in buffaloes, respectively. The infection rate was higher in lungs and was more pronounced in @entity291 (P<0.05). There were significant differences found in the prevalence rates of the various ruminants, and also between the sexes (P<0.05). The findings of the present study revealed that lungs were the main infected tissue, and male animals were less likely to be infected than female animals. The infection rates of the different ruminants increased significantly with age, (P<0.05).

title: Role of ruminants in the epidemiology of XXXX in Tabriz area, Northwest of Iran.

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Hydatidosis', 'cystic echinococcosis', 'hydatidosis']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

answer: @entity12047 :: (6210,Species) :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']


abstract: We studied the nutritional status and the prevalence of malabsorption in 12 @entity1 one to three years after @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for @entity356 . The Roux-en Y technique was used for reconstruction. A correct dietary regimen according to the recommended daily allowance was suggested and @entity1 were seen quarterly on an out @entity1 basis. The nutritional status was evaluated by measuring serum albumin levels, total @entity68 binding capacity, cholinesterase, area muscular circumference, triceps skinfold and delayed @entity56 response. Work-up studies for the small intestine included: stool fat, @entity6122 and @entity413 tolerance tests, Schilling test (phase II and III), serum @entity68 levels, serum @entity2186 levels and biopsy of the jejunum. @entity3147 , defined as the occurrence of two or more abnormal nutritional parameters, was observed in one @entity1 ; @entity413 and @entity6122 tolerance tests were normal in all. A mild degree of @entity6123 was observed in four @entity1 . The second phase of the Schilling test was abnormal in eight @entity1 , but urinary excretion of @entity2186 increased in three of four @entity1 after use of antibiotics. Low serum @entity2186 levels were common after the twentieth postoperative month. Serum @entity68 levels were initially low and returned to normal six months after @entity348 . All @entity1 had normal jejunal histologic findings. These data indicate that @entity3147 after @entity348 is not common if an adequate dietary intake is maintained. Malabsorption, possibly due to @entity6124 , is not a major clinical problem.

title: Nutritional status, function of the small intestine and jejunal morphology after XXXX for carcinoma of the stomach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total gastrectomy', 'TG']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial overgrowth']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric neoplasm']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total gastrectomy']


abstract: It has been well established that gamma rays at low doses have stimulatory effects on plant growth and development. However, our knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism underlying the growth stimulation remains limited. In this study, we report the role of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) in the growth stimulation using irradiated @entity958 seeds. The results indicated that 50  Gy gamma irradiation presented maximal beneficial effects on germination index, root length, and fresh weight. The contents of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) and activities of antioxidant enzymes under gamma irradiation were markedly higher than those of controls. ROS scavenging significantly suppressed the growth of the irradiated plants. Furthermore, endogenous ABA was induced under low-dose gamma irradiation. The growth stimulation and elevated @entity274 level were affected in the irradiated ABA-deficient mutant aba2-1 compared with the mutant control. Transcriptional expression analysis of selected genes revealed that several genes for ABA biosynthesis were upregulated, and the genes for ABA catabolic pathway and transport were differentially regulated in response to low-dose gamma irradiation. Our results suggest that ROS and ABA signaling play an essential role in the stimulatory effects of low-dose gamma irradiation and that ROS, as secondary molecules, mediate ABA signal transduction under irradiation in response to stress factors during plant growth.

title: ROS and ABA Signaling Are Involved in the Growth Stimulation Induced by Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation in XXXX Seedling.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The authors submit an analysis of the nutritional status assessed by anthropometric methods in a clinical group of 70 @entity1 (mean age 58 years) where on account of the X-ray and the clinical finding of @entity625 of the knees an alloplastic operation was performed. The results of the examination are compared with the analysis of the nutritional status of a group of 20 without X-ray and clinical signs of @entity625 of the knee. The @entity1 belonged to a similar age bracket. The authors used somatometric measurements of anthropometric parameters focused on assessment of the relative body weight. The results confirmed an age-dependent decline of height, known from epidemiological studies, the difference being statistically significant, p = 0.05 in the group of @entity1 in the Huporal group, as compared with @entity1 in the control group. A similar trend was found in median values of sitting height in both clinical groups and in the height of the trunk in @entity1 . Using linear regression, they revealed that the increase of Brock's index corresponded to the increase of pelvic circumference in @entity1 in different groups, while in @entity1 of all investigated groups this relationship is apparent in the abdominal circumference. Evaluation of the nutritional status by Broca's index revealed in the control group a 50 % incidence of clinical @entity28 , while in the clinical Huporal group it was 89 %, and in the clinical TEP group 87 % were in the group of overweight and @entity28 . Also tables of the nutritional status based on BMI confirm the marked predominance of overweight and @entity28 in @entity1 of both clinical groups. Key words: @entity6287 of the lower extremities, alloplasty of the knee joints, anthropometric parameters, relative body weight.

title: [ XXXX and conditions after alloplasties of the knee joints from the aspect of antropometric examinations.].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6287 :: ('MESH:C537144', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity6287 :: (MESH:C537144,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthropathies']


abstract: @entity5123 is the most common @entity14253 , and it can be locally invasive, despite its slow growth. This study aimed to establish a novel cell line (AP-1) derived from a @entity1 @entity5123 sample to better understand local invasiveness of this @entity5 . @entity19 cell line was characterized by cell growth analysis, expression of epithelial and myoepithelial markers by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, 3D cell culture assays, cytogenetic features and transcriptomic study. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) was also analyzed by immunofluorescence and zymography. Furthermore, epithelial and myoepithelial markers, MMPs and TIMPs were studied in the @entity5 that originated the cell line. @entity19 cells showed neoplastic epithelial and myoepithelial markers, such as cytokeratins, @entity3111 , @entity14254 protein and smooth-muscle actin. These molecules were also found in vivo, in the @entity5 that originated the cell line. MMPs and TIMPs were observed in vivo and in @entity19 cells. Growth curve showed that AP-1 exhibited a doubling time of 3.342 days. @entity19 cells grown inside Matrigel recapitulated @entity5 architecture. Different numerical and structural @entity2008 were visualized in cytogenetic analysis. Transcriptomic analysis addressed expression of 7 target genes ( @entity3111 , @entity5783 , @entity5780 , @entity1235 , @entity5779 , @entity3113 e @entity14255 ). Results were compared to transcriptomic profile of non-neoplastic salivary gland cells (HSG). Only @entity1235 was not expressed in both libraries, and @entity3111 was expressed solely in AP-1 library. The major difference regarding gene expression level between AP-1 and HSG samples occurred for @entity5780 . This gene was 184 times more expressed in @entity19 cells. Our findings suggest that @entity19 cell line could be a useful model for further studies on @entity5123 biology.

title: A novel cell line derived from @entity5123 expresses @entity5780 , @entity1235 , XXXX , @entity5783 , and shows numeric @entity2008 .

entities_list: @entity14253 :: ('MESH:D012468', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['Pleomorphic adenoma', 'pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity5779 :: (21857(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TIMP1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test whether slow-release @entity3163 inhibits spinal @entity174 and is safe to use. DESIGN: Placebo-controlled randomized trial. INTERVENTIONS: Slow-release @entity3163 , 25 mg twice daily, in four 14-month cycles (12 months receiving @entity3163 followed by 2 months not receiving it) compared with placebo. @entity13621 , 400 mg @entity460 twice daily, continuously in both groups. @entity1 : 48 of 54 @entity1 who received @entity3163 and 51 of 56 @entity1 who received placebo completed at least 1 year of the study. All @entity1 had @entity170 . RESULTS: Compared with the placebo group, the @entity1388 group had a lower individual vertebral fracture rate (0.064 +/- 0.182 per @entity1 -year compared with 0.205 +/- 0.297 per @entity1 -year; P = 0.002), a higher unadjusted fracture-free rate (85.4% compared with 56.9%; P = 0.001), and a greater survival estimate (relative risk, 0.3 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.76]) for new @entity174 . The recurrent @entity174 rate did not differ between the two groups. The @entity1388 group had a substantial increase in L2-L4 bone mass of 4% to 5% per year for 4 years, a mean increase in femoral neck bone density of 2.38% +/- 3.33% per year, and no change in radial shaft bone density. The frequency with which minor side effects and appendicular @entity174 occurred was similar in the two groups; no @entity1 developed microfractures or @entity2275 . CONCLUSION: Slow-release @entity3163 and @entity13621 administered for 4 years inhibits new @entity174 (but not recurrent @entity174 ), augments spinal and femoral neck bone mass, and is safe to use.

title: Treatment of XXXX with slow-release @entity3163 . Final report of a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'spinal fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity13621 :: ('MESH:D019355', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium citrate', 'Calcium citrate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']


abstract: Of 49,380 male naval recruits who were screened for @entity6223 ( @entity6223 ), 270 were clinically diagnosed as having the disease. Full-mouth radiographs identified 182 of these 270 @entity1 as having @entity6223 with extensive @entity604 on permanent first molars and/or incisors. These 182 @entity1 , 137 (75.3%) of whom were black, were further classified into Type I: @entity604 involving first molars and/or incisors and up to two additional teeth; Type II: involvement of first molars/incisors and several additional teeth; and Type III: generalized involvement (more than 14 teeth) but with @entity604 notably more extensive on the first molars and/or incisors. Of the 182 @entity1 , 129 (70.9%) were Type I; 43 (23.6%) were Type II, and 10 (5.5%) were Type III. The molars were involved more frequently than the incisors; more than one molar was always involved, with or without incisor involvement. Most cases had minimal or no radiographic caries, and 46% had demonstrable @entity1608 . Of the remaining 88 cases from the 270 with the initial diagnosis of @entity6223 , 63 demonstrated severe @entity604 on more than 14 teeth, with many of the teeth being involved to the same degree. These cases were termed rapidly progressive @entity2521 . Six of the 88 cases had @entity604 on only one tooth surface of the dentition. These cases were termed acute localized destruction of alveolar bone. The status of the other 19 cases could not be determined.

title: Radiographic evaluation of XXXX ( @entity6223 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['JP', 'juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity6223 :: (MESH:D010520,Disease) :: ['juvenile periodontitis']


abstract: The expression of immune region-associated (Ia) antigens by macrophages is a prerequisite for antigen presentation, which is necessary for the activation of T helper cell function. A decrease in macrophage Ia expression is associated with a decrease in immune function in vitro. However, the effect of diseases accompanied by immunosuppression, such as @entity5 , on macrophage Ia expression has not been studied. The expression of Ia antigen was induced by the culture of @entity19 peritoneal macrophages with recombinant @entity60 (IFN). Maximal expression was achieved after 4 days of culture. Membrane vesicles shed from the @entity19 @entity19 @entity320 cell line inhibited the in vitro induction of Ia expression by 40 to 90% in allogeneic and syngeneic systems. Inhibition was not due to @entity137 , a reduction in IFN activity, phagocytosis or contamination of the vesicle preparation with endotoxin, which is an inhibitor of Ia expression. Inhibition exerted by vesicles was @entity3009 -dependent and was over-come by increasing concentrations of IFN. It is possible that the reduction of macrophage Ia antigen expression by @entity5 cell products, such as shed membrane vesicles, contributes to the immunosuppression of @entity5 -bearing hosts. Employing IFN to reverse the inhibition provides a strategy for improving the therapy of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Inhibition of recombinant XXXX -induced Ia antigen expression by shed @entity19 @entity320 cell membrane vesicles.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: Residents of two villages in Zhejiang Province, China, were interviewed and serum samples were collected to assess prevalence of @entity9673 . Antibody prevalence was 12% (219/1811), with a ratio of illness to @entity281 of 1.0:5.4. Seroprevalence increased with age, but no association was found with sex. There was also no evidence of vertical transmission. One year later, 2.3% (30/1325) of seronegative subjects had seroconverted including 2 who had @entity7593 with @entity8 . Peak incidence of @entity281 occurred in those 15-39 years old. Hantaan was the dominant serotype; Seoul serotype was less common (5:1). Host reservoirs were @entity16554 in agricultural fields and @entity35 in houses. Risk factors for @entity281 were traces of @entity35 -contaminated food, travel to other areas for farm work, direct rodent contact, camping in grain fields, living in a house on the periphery of a village, stacking straw stacks outside houses, and keeping @entity468 . All may provide exposure to infectious rodent reservoirs.

title: Retrospective and prospective studies of XXXX with @entity8 in rural China.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity16554 :: ('39030', 'Species') :: ['Apodemus agrarius']

entities_list: @entity9673 :: ('MESH:D018778', 'Disease') :: ['hantavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Rattus norvegicus']

answer: @entity7593 :: (MESH:D006478,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic fever']


abstract: For effective @entity5 immunotherapy by vaccination, co-delivery of @entity5 antigens and adjuvants to dendritic cells and subsequent activation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) is crucial. In this study, a @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) harbouring the model CTL epitope SIINFEKL was encapsulated with the @entity15905 ligand @entity14018 (poly(I:C)) in cationic liposomes consisting of @entity11505 and @entity14146 . The obtained particles were down-sized to about 140 nm (measured by dynamic light scattering) and had a positive zeta-potential of about 26 mV (according to laser Doppler electrophoresis). @entity1162 loading efficiency was about 40% as determined by HPLC. Poly(I:C) loading efficiency was about 50%, as assessed from the fluorescence intensity of fluorescently labelled poly(I:C). Immunogenicity of the liposomal @entity1162 vaccine was evaluated in vitro by its capacity to activate dendritic cells (DCs) and present the processed @entity1162 to SIINFEKL-specific T cells. The effectiveness of the vaccine to activate CD8(+) T cells was analysed in vivo after intradermal and subcutaneous immunisation in @entity19 , by measuring antigen-specific T cells in blood and spleens and assessing their functionality by cytokine production and in vivo @entity137 . The liposomal formulation efficiently delivered the @entity1162 to DCs in vitro and induced a functional CD8(+) T cell immune response in vivo to the CTL epitope present in the @entity1162 . The @entity1162 -specific CD8(+) T cell frequency induced by the poly(I:C)-adjuvanted liposomal @entity1162 formulation showed an at least 25 fold increase over the T cell frequency induced by the poly(I:C)-adjuvanted soluble @entity1162 . In conclusion, cationic liposomes loaded with @entity1162 and poly(I:C) have potential as a powerful therapeutic @entity5 vaccine formulation.

title: Cationic Liposomes Loaded with a Synthetic Long Peptide and Poly(I:C): a Defined Adjuvanted Vaccine for Induction of Antigen-Specific T Cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(inosinic-polycytidylic acid)']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['SLP', 'synthetic long peptide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fungal @entity340 is an uncommon but serious disease. We have developed a strategy of treatment that includes perioperative @entity2379 , radical debridement of infected tissue, reconstruction using biologic tissue when possible, and prolonged oral suppressive antifungal therapy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 12 @entity1 reoperated on for fungal @entity340 involving the aortic valve (10 @entity1 : six porcine valves, two mechanical valves, two homografts) and the mitral valve (2 @entity1 , both porcine valves). @entity340 developed in 7 within 12 months after the first valve procedure. The organisms included Candida species (9 @entity1 ), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (1), @entity375 cervisiae (1), and histoplasmosis (1). RESULTS: At operation, all @entity1 had prosthetic vegetations, 8 had abscesses, and 4 had sinus tracts. Seven received aortic homografts, 4 received porcine valves (two mitral), and 1 received a mechanical prosthesis. Two @entity1 died in the hospital after prolonged illnesses (83% hospital survival). Four @entity1 had recurrence an average of 25 months later and 3 underwent further surgical intervention. One @entity1 had recurrence and died 17 months postoperatively. One other late @entity204 occurred 96 months after operation, and there was no evidence of recurrence. Eight @entity1 (67%) are alive and well 51.5 +/- 61.0 months (range, 1 to 189 months) after the first redo procedure for fungal @entity340 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that preoperative treatment with @entity2379 , radical resection of all infected tissue, cardiac reconstruction using biologic tissue when possible, and life-long oral antifungal therapy is effective for fungal @entity340 .

title: Surgical and long-term antifungal therapy for fungal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis', 'Prosthetic valve endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis']


abstract: Twenty cases of a @entity5 resembling @entity2828 (Angervall and Enzinger, 1975) were studied. The @entity5 affected mainly soft tissues in a variety of sites. Throughout the long follow-up period, there was only one instance of non-recurrence after excision. Most of the @entity5 became generalised within 3 years. One case developed general spread after 13 years. The @entity5 shows predominantly expansive growth and a solid architecture which, in places changes to reticular or sinusoidal structures. The predominant @entity5 cells show multiple junction complexes. Weibel-Palade granules can occasionally be demonstrated in their cytoplasm. In foci of peritheliomatous pattern the @entity5 cells become elongated, contain an abundance of endoplasmic reticulum and give rise to pericellular basement membranes, although typical collagen was rarely found. Judged by its structural and cytological features the @entity5 is a form of @entity5426 , mostly of the endothelial type but with pericytic variations. Since neither its cellular features nor its biological behaviour correspond to those of @entity2828 , a change of name is proposed.

title: Solid dendritic cell @entity5426 : re-interpretation of extraskeletal sarcoma resembling XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic tumour', 'type of extraskeletal tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: The results of laboratory investigations in concerning 15 @entity1 suspected of @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) are presented. Our purpose is to provide an outline of the investigative modalities that support the clinical suspicion and have been found to be useful in the diagnosis. Five clinical groups were studied including 5 exercise intolerances (2 with @entity5442 ), 3 with @entity121 (1 with @entity384 ), 2 with progressive external oftalmoplegia (1 associated with @entity6447 + @entity302 + @entity1121 +pes cavus), 4 with @entity75 (3 with @entity75 with @entity2055 and @entity303 and 1 with @entity302 and @entity400 ), and 1 with @entity520 and @entity296 . We used the following categories of investigative procedures: clinical phenotype analysis including pedigree study, neurophysiological tests, bicycle ergometric evaluation, neuroimaging, microscopic study of skeletal muscle biopsy, post-mortem examination, biochemical assays and molecular genetic studies. EMG showed @entity121 changes in 5 cases, features of @entity16 in 2, mixed @entity121 and neuropathic pattern in 1 and nonspecific changes in 3. EMG was normal in 3 @entity1 . The most common skeletal @entity121 were variation in fiber size (60%), lipid inclusions (33.3%), oxidative subsarcolemmal aggregates (26.7%) and ragged-red fibers (26.7%). Electron microscopy revealed @entity2383 in 8 out of 14 @entity1 ' muscle biopsies, and in myocardiac and hepatic tissues of another. Site of biochemical defect was located in 12 @entity1 . @entity154 in 6, complexes I+IV @entity7319 in 1. In 2 @entity1 the biochemical defect was not located. Mitochondrial DNA alterations were not found in 7 investigated @entity1 . The clinical spectrum of @entity2383 has become increasingly wider. After the clinica suspicion, the diagnosis depends up on the appropriate use of skeletal muscle biopsy, biochemical investigations and molecular genetic techniques. Conventional EMG and automatic measurement of the electromyogram are particularly helpful in confirming the clinical suspicion in @entity1 with @entity6220 or in cases in which clinical signs are few.

title: [Clinical and investigative approaches in XXXX . A review of 15 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Complex I defect']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['predominantly central nervous system disease']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies', 'myoclonic encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in 3, complex II defect in 1, complex IV deficiency in 1, complexes II+IV deficiencies in 1, and complex III defect']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic', 'myopathies', 'muscle abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease', 'MD', 'mitochondrial abnormalities']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial diseases']


abstract: @entity24958 (translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts, 75 kD) is the protein translocation channel at the outer envelope membrane of plastids and was first identified in @entity3587 ( @entity3587 ) using biochemical approaches. The @entity958 ( @entity958 ) genome contains three @entity24958 -related sequences, termed @entity24959 , @entity24960 , and @entity24961 , which we studied using a range of molecular, genetic, and biochemical techniques. Expression of @entity24960 is strongly regulated and at its highest level in young, rapidly expanding tissues. By contrast, @entity24961 is expressed uniformly throughout development and at a much lower level than @entity24960 . The third sequence, @entity24959 , is a pseudogene that is not expressed due to a gypsy/Ty3 transposon insertion in exon 1, and numerous nonsense, frame-shift, and splice-junction mutations. The expressed genes, @entity24960 and @entity24961 , both encode integral envelope membrane proteins. Unlike @entity24960 , the smaller @entity24961 protein is not processed upon targeting to the envelope, and its insertion does not require @entity855 at high concentrations. The @entity24960 gene is essential for viability, since homozygous @entity24960 knockout mutants (termed @entity24960 ) could not be identified, and aborted seeds were observed at a frequency of approximately 25% in the siliques of self-pollinated @entity24958 -III heterozygotes. Homozygous @entity24958 -III embryos were found to abort at the two-cell stage. Homozygous @entity24961 knockout plants (termed @entity24958 -IV) displayed no obvious visible phenotypes. However, structural abnormalities were observed in the etioplasts of @entity24958 -IV seedlings and @entity24961 overexpressing lines, and @entity24958 -IV plants were less efficient at deetiolation than wild type. These results suggest some role for @entity24961 during growth in the dark.

title: A molecular-genetic study of the @entity958 XXXX gene family.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['Pisum sativum', 'pea']

answer: @entity24958 :: (832082(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['Toc75']


abstract: The influence of @entity19587 , @entity2852 and its main metabolite BRL 10,720 on @entity68 stimulated lipid peroxidation (LPO), cytochrome P 450 dependent @entity274 and chemiluminescence (CL) production was investigated in @entity35 liver microsomes in vitro (10(-5)-10(-3) M) and in vivo after treatment of @entity35 (5-300 mg/kg b.m. orally on three consecutive days). In @entity35 liver slices the release of @entity4466 reactants (TBAR) was measured after 1 hour of incubation with the drugs. @entity19587 , @entity2852 and BRL 10,720 exerted a significant inhibition of @entity68 stimulated LPO in vitro. @entity2852 showed the strongest antioxidative activity, which was also seen in liver slices. These antioxidative effects were not found after in vivo treatment of @entity35 . @entity19587 (10(-3) M) additionally inhibited @entity274 formation and the @entity6931 and lucigenin amplified CL in vitro. Unexpectedly, @entity2852 increased @entity274 formation both in vitro and in vivo, but in vitro only @entity12487 amplified CL. BRL 10,720 increased microsomal @entity274 production in vivo. Moreover, BRL 10,720 enhanced CL in vitro and in vivo significantly, which is interpreted as an increase of the production of @entity224 anion radicals and other reactive @entity26 species such as @entity274 , but lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes was not enhanced. These results suggest that @entity19587 , @entity2852 and BRL 10,720 in contrast to the in vitro effects did not exert antioxidative activities after treatment of @entity35 . On the contrary, BRL 10,720 was found to support the formation of reactive @entity26 species in liver microsomes.

title: Influence of the xanthine derivative @entity19587 and the anti-inflammatory agent @entity2852 on microsomal free radical production and lipid peroxidation in XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity2852 :: ('MESH:C035605', 'Chemical') :: ['nabumetone', 'Nabumetone']

entities_list: @entity19587 :: ('MESH:C043898', 'Chemical') :: ['denbufylline', 'Denbufylline']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This study examined the natural course of intermediate @entity1596 , to find a possible correlation with @entity262 and to identify the ocular complications. @entity1 were classified according to follow-up time in three groups: A (1-5 years) 12 pts, B (6-10 years) 10 pts, C (11-15 years or more) 6 pts for a total of 28 @entity1 (52 eyes). We studied the recurrences, the complications of the disease and the overall prognosis. Eight @entity1 were found to be suffering from @entity262 : @entity370 2, Adamantiades-Behcet 2, @entity15 3 and Lyme disease 1. @entity231 was found in 21 eyes (40.5%) and macular changes in 20 eyes (38.4%) but chronic @entity1103 persisted in only six cases (12.5%). Group C presented more complications than group B. Group A had the fewest. The frequency of recurrences was 1-5 for group A. 1-3 for group B and 1-2 for group C. Four @entity1 received no therapy, 15 received @entity230 and nine received @entity205 and @entity230 . In this series intermediate @entity1596 was bilateral in 85.8% of @entity1 and related with @entity262 in 28.5%. Recurrences appeared mainly during the first five years. The longer the presence of the disease the more frequent were complications and the final visual acuity depended mostly on the severity of the initial attack and the number of exacerbations.

title: Intermediate @entity1596 : what is the natural course of the disease and its relationship with other XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['systemic diseases']


abstract: Clinical data about 104 @entity1 with @entity344 emphasized the heterogeneous nature of these @entity5 in different organs. The sites of the primary @entity5 were the stomach in 12 (11%), the duodenum in 3 (3%), the small bowel in 48 (45%), the appendix in 28 (26%), the colon in 6 (6%), and the rectum in 6 cases (6%). @entity356 were multiple in 4 (33%) and @entity29 in 11 cases (23%). None of the @entity356 had generated @entity3 , as contrasted to 34 (72%) @entity29 . Twelve @entity1 had symptoms of the @entity4303 caused by hepatic @entity3 from ileal (11) or appendiceal (1) primary @entity5 . At least two @entity1 with @entity17314 had @entity8579 produced by the @entity5 . The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 91-100% for @entity356 , 77% for @entity29 , and 33% for @entity694 . Resectable mesenteric lymph node @entity3 did not affect the 5-year survival of @entity1 with @entity29 as compared with the @entity5 confined to the bowel wall. Poor prognosis was associated with hepatic @entity3 at the time of diagnosis. @entity29 remain a challenge in clinical work because of their distinct metastatic propensity and problematic diagnosis.

title: Clinical presentation and prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17314 :: ('MESH:C563522', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel carcinoids', 'Small-bowel carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric, appendiceal, and rectal carcinoids', 'gastric, duodenal, or rectal carcinoids', 'Gastric carcinoids']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours']


abstract: Published data on the association between @entity3544 @entity24989 polymorphism and @entity0 risk are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. Crude ORs with 95% CIs were used to assess the strength of association between the @entity3544 @entity24989 polymorphism and @entity0 risk. The pooled ORs were performed for co-dominant model (Ser/ @entity534 vs. Ser/Ser, @entity534 / @entity534 vs. Ser/Ser), dominant model ( @entity534 / @entity534 + Ser/ @entity534 vs. Ser/Ser), and recessive model ( @entity534 / @entity534 vs. Ser/ @entity534 + Ser/Ser). A total of 21 studies including 22,109 cases and 29,127 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant associations were found between @entity3544 @entity24989 polymorphism and @entity0 risk when all studies pooled into the meta-analysis. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risk was found for Caucasians ( @entity534 / @entity534 vs. Ser/Ser: OR 1.496, 95% CI 1.164-1.924; and recessive model: OR 1.492, 95% CI 1.161-1.919). When stratified by study design, statistically significantly elevated risk was found for population-based studies (Ser/ @entity534 vs. Ser/Ser: OR 1.085, 95% CI 1.019-1.156). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that the @entity3544 @entity24989 polymorphism may be associated with @entity0 development in Caucasian. However, large sample and representative population-based studies with homogeneous @entity0 @entity1 and well-matched controls are warranted to confirm this finding.

title: The XXXX @entity24989 polymorphism and @entity0 risk: a meta-analysis involving 51,236 subjects.

entities_list: @entity24989 :: ('p|SUB|S|31|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser31Arg']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity3544 :: (644914,Gene) :: ['p21']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous hemoperitoneum is rare. The most common etiologies are gynecologic, splenic, and hepatic. @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are commonly associated with intraluminal @entity548 , but rarely with spontaneous hemoperitoneum. We report a case of spontaneous hemoperitoneum caused by a @entity356 . CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old male presented with the acute onset of @entity490 and a drop in hemoglobin. Subsequent evaluation, including a CT, MRI, and EUS, revealed a 1.2-cm mass along the greater curvature of the stomach and associated hemoperitoneum. The @entity1 was taken electively to the operating room for laparoscopic removal of the mass. Pathology confirmed that it was a @entity677 . CONCLUSION: @entity677 is a rare clinical entity that infrequently presents with spontaneous hemoperitoneum. Emergent treatment should be guided towards treating the spontaneous hemoperitoneum.

title: @entity548 as the initial presentation of a XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking status on quality of life (QoL) after @entity1149 surgery with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) QoL Questionnaire-C30 and LC13. METHODS: QoL was prospectively recorded in 70 consecutive @entity1 undergoing lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Questionnaires were administered preoperatively and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively (MPO). RESULTS: Of all @entity1 analysed, nine (13%) were non-smokers, 20 (29%) former smokers, six (8%) recent quitters and 35 (50%) current smokers. All four groups had comparable @entity1 ' characteristics and preoperative QoL scores, with exception of non-smokers who had significantly lower physical functioning, role functioning, cognitive functioning and a higher @entity158 burden. In non-smokers, all QoL scores returned to baseline 3 months after surgery. Former smokers complained of a significant 3-month decrease in physical functioning (3 MPO, p = 0.01) and a 12-month decrease in role functioning (12 MPO, p = 0.01). Former smokers complained of a significant increase in dyspnoea (6 MPO, p = 0.001) during the first 6 months after surgery. Recent quitters had a longer impairment in physical functioning (6 MPO, p = 0.01) and a 3-month burden of dyspnoea (3 MPO, p=0.02). In current smokers, no return to baseline in physical (12 MPO, p = 0.01), role (12 MPO, p = 0.01) and social functioning (12 MPO, p = 0.02) and a persistent increase in dyspnoea (12 MPO, p = 0.04) were reported. Current smokers also complained of @entity158 (12 MPO, p = 0.02). Except non-smokers, all @entity1 complained of fatigue the first 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation is beneficial at any time point to @entity2 surgery and current smoking at the time of surgery is associated with a poor postoperative QoL.

title: The effect of smoking cessation on quality of life after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic pain', 'increased thoracic pain']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Internet has successfully been used for @entity1 -oriented survey research. Internet-based translational research may also be possible. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the feasibility of collecting biospecimens from CCFA Partners, an Internet-based @entity29 ( @entity29 ) cohort. METHODS: From August 20, 2013, to January 4, 2014, we randomly sampled 412 @entity1 , plus 179 from a prior validation study, and invited them to contribute a biospecimen. @entity1 were randomized to type (blood, saliva), incentive (none, US  20, or US  50), and collection method for blood. The first 82 contributors were also invited to contribute stool. We used descriptive statistics and t tests for comparisons. RESULTS: Of the 591 @entity1 , 239 (40.4%) indicated interest and 171 (28.9%) contributed a biospecimen. Validation study @entity1 were more likely to contribute than randomly selected @entity1 (44% versus 23%, P<.001). The return rate for saliva was higher than blood collected by mobile phlebotomist and at doctors' offices (38%, 31%, and 17% respectively, P<.001). For saliva, incentives were associated with higher return rates (43-44% versus 26%, P=.04); 61% contributed stool. Fourteen @entity29 -associated single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped, and risk allele frequencies were comparable to other large @entity29 populations. Bacterial DNA was successfully extracted from stool samples and was of sufficient quality to permit quantitative polymerase chain reaction for total bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 are willing to contribute and it is feasible to collect biospecimens from an Internet-based @entity29 cohort. Home saliva kits yielded the highest return rate, though mobile phlebotomy was also effective. All samples were sufficient for genetic testing. These data support the feasibility of developing a centralized collection of biospecimens from this cohort to facilitate @entity29 translational studies.

title: Collecting Biospecimens From an Internet-Based Prospective Cohort Study of XXXX (CCFA Partners): A Feasibility Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: The growth and differentiation response to @entity1968 (RA) was studied in the @entity1 keratinocyte line HaCaT and tumorigenic clones transfected with c-Ha-ras oncogene (HaCaT-ras). Differentiation (mainly keratin synthesis) was evaluated and correlated to cell proliferation in vitro but also growth behaviour in vivo ( @entity7433 ). Comparable to normal keratinocytes, HaCaT cells and ras clones showed increased expression of the epidermal suprabasal keratins K1 and @entity7434 upon RA depletion of the media (delipidized serum), while simple epithelial type keratins K7, K8 and K18 as well as @entity4166 and @entity7435 (typical of internal stratified epithelia) were almost completely suppressed. The cell density-dependent increase of K1 and @entity7434 at intermediate RA levels (as in regular media with untreated serum) was also observed at @entity141 levels below 0.1 mM, thus being clearly unrelated to stratification, whereas @entity7435 synthesis was @entity141 -dependent and initiated with stratification. The effects on keratins were fully reversed by increasing RA concentrations. There was only mild stimulation of proliferation at RA doses (10(-10) to 10(-8) M) not directly corresponding to suppression of keratinization. Thus, the negative RA influence on @entity7436 , opposed to the effect on simple keratins, substantiates the preserved regulatory capacity rendering these cells appropriate models for biological testing. Among the various tumorigenic HaCaT-ras clones highly and moderately differentiating ones could be distinguished, accordingly induction in vitro led to a comparable spectrum of differentiation markers (K1 and @entity7434 appearing early, and filaggrin late) as growth in vivo. These in vitro results demonstrate that, in spite of some differences in RA sensitivity, virtually all clones possess the epidermal differentiation repertoir which is regulated according to the same principles. Finally, this confirms our in vivo data that differentiation potential is not inversely related to the state of transformation or @entity7433 .

title: Differential modulation of epidermal keratinization in immortalized (HaCaT) and tumorigenic @entity1 skin keratinocytes (HaCaT-ras) by @entity1968 and extracellular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7433 :: ('MESH:D002471', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenicity']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the additional contribution of @entity16 in acute physiology and chronic health to the prediction of intensive care outcome in @entity1 with @entity542 or non-traumatic intracranial @entity548 . DESIGN: A nationwide study in Finland with prospectively collected data on all adult @entity1 admitted to intensive care after head trauma or non-traumatic intracranial @entity548 during a 14-month period. Two-thirds of the @entity1 were randomly selected to derive predictive models, and the remaining one third constituted the validation sample. SETTING: A total of 25 medical and surgical ICUs in Finland (13 in tertiary referral centers). @entity1 : 901 consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity542 or non-traumatic intracranial @entity548 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Variables of the APACHE II including Glasgow @entity772 Score were collected at the time of ICU admission. Two predictive models were created to explain hospital mortality. The addition of variables describing acute physiology to a predictive model consisting of Glasgow @entity772 Score, age, diagnosis of @entity542 and the type of ICU admission did not increase its performance in discriminating between survivors and nonsurvivors, but the calibration accuracy of the predictive model especially at the high ranges of risk was improved. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity16 in acute physiology have prognostic significance in the prediction of intensive care outcome in @entity1 with @entity542 or non-traumatic @entity1779 . The created predictive model may supplement clinical judgement of this @entity1 group.

title: Contribution of @entity16 in acute physiology to the prediction of intensive care outcome after @entity542 or non-traumatic intracranial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['non-neurologic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: Articular cartilage is rich in collagen type II fibres and proteoglycans and is characterized by low cell density. Chondrocytes have specific nutritional requirements and therefore cannot be expanded in vitro without the risk of generating fibroblastoid cells expressing type I collagen. Therefore, various growth conditions were tested for cartilage tissue engineering. @entity1 platelets are a rich source of many growth factors including transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor. To investigate the effect of @entity1 platelet supernatant ( @entity23339 ) on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, @entity1 articular biopsies obtained from three healthy donors. Chondrocytes were isolated and expanded separately in monolayer cultures and seeded in alginate beads in the presence and absence of @entity23339 of 1% or 10% v/v concentration. Transcript levels of genes encoding chondrogenic factors were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The deposition of types I and II collagen as well as proteoglycan was detected by indirect immunocytochemistry. Addition of @entity23339 activated chondrocyte proliferation in monolayer cultures but induced a dedifferentiation of chondrocytes towards a fibroblast-like phenotype. The expression levels of mRNAs encoding type II collagen, aggrecan and @entity1841 were reduced in all samples tested. Seeding chondrocytes in alginate beads in the presence of @entity23339 generated a cell population capable of type II collagen expression, even though @entity23339 induced considerable type I collagen expression as well. Differences (1% vs. 10% group, 1% vs. control, 10% vs. control) in the quantitative gene expression of types I and II collagen or of aggrecan were statistically significant (p<0.001). We conclude that addition of @entity23339 may accelerate chondrocyte expansion but can lead to their dedifferentiation.

title: Effect of XXXX platelet supernatant on proliferation and matrix synthesis of @entity1 articular chondrocytes in monolayer and three-dimensional alginate cultures.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitors ( @entity470 -TKI) have been widely used for the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity984 and @entity470 somatic mutations in @entity1149 may predict resistance and responsiveness to TKI, respectively. Nevertheless, most research to date has been conducted on samples from @entity5 . For many @entity1 with @entity1442 , their samples can only be obtained from @entity3 for test. The molecular characteristics of metastasized @entity5 may be different from those of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mutation status of @entity984 and @entity470 between @entity5 and local lymph node @entity3 of 80 Chinese @entity1 with @entity1149 were analyzed by direct sequencing. Five of them were given @entity4562 as neoadjunvant treatment after the @entity470 -TKI sensitive mutations were detected in their biopsies of mediastinal lymph nodes @entity3 . McNemar's test was used to compare the @entity470 and @entity984 mutation status between @entity5 and corresponding local lymph node @entity3 . Data evaluation was carried out with SPSS_13.0 statistical software. RESULTS: Among the 160 samples, one @entity5 and seven @entity3 were identified with @entity984 mutations and 21 @entity5 and 26 @entity3 were found to have @entity470 mutations. @entity984 and @entity470 mutation status was different between @entity5 and corresponding @entity3 in 6 (7.5%) and 7 (8.75%) @entity1 , respectively. One @entity1 with no TKI sensitive mutations detected in the @entity5 showed disease progression. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a considerable proportion of @entity1149 in Chinese population showed discrepancy in @entity984 and @entity470 mutation status between @entity5 and corresponding @entity3 . This observation may have important implication for the use of targeted TKI therapy in the treatment of @entity1149 @entity1 .

title: Comparison of @entity984 and @entity470 gene status between primary XXXX and local lymph node @entity3 : implications for clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in understanding, detection, and treatment, it accounts for almost one-fourth of all deaths per year in Western countries. @entity263 is currently the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous @entity5 in @entity1 in Europe and the United States, accounting for 15% of all @entity5 in @entity1 . As life expectancy of individuals increases, it is expected that there will also be an increase in the incidence and mortality of @entity263 . @entity263 may be inoperable at initial presentation, unresponsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or recur following appropriate treatment. At the time of presentation, @entity1 may already have @entity3 in their tissues. Preventing @entity5 recurrence requires systemic therapy; however, current modalities are limited by @entity137 or lack of efficacy. For @entity1 with such metastatic @entity5 , the development of alternative therapies is essential. Gene therapy is a realistic prospect for the treatment of prostate and other @entity5 , and involves the delivery of genetic information to the @entity1 to facilitate the production of therapeutic proteins. Therapeutics can act directly (eg, by inducing @entity5 cells to produce cytotoxic agents) or indirectly by upregulating the immune system to efficiently target @entity5 cells or by destroying the @entity5 's vasculature. However, technological difficulties must be addressed before an efficient and safe gene medicine is achieved (primarily by developing a means of delivering genes to the target cells or tissue safely and efficiently). A wealth of research has been carried out over the past 20 years, involving various strategies for the treatment of @entity263 at preclinical and clinical trial levels. The therapeutic efficacy observed with many of these approaches in @entity1 indicates that these treatment modalities will serve as an important component of urological malignancy treatment in the clinic, either in isolation or in combination with current approaches.

title: Gene therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A detailed retrospective analysis of 136 @entity1 with early glottic @entity5 treated at the University of Louisville, Radiation Center from October, 1953 to December, 1975 was done. Majority of the @entity1 were in the age range of 55 to 74 years. Of them, 89% were male and 85% were Caucasian. The most common histological type was @entity957 . The adjusted 5-year survival rate was 84%, with a standard error of 3%. Of these @entity1 , 18% had local failures, and 68% of which were salvaged by surgery. The overall local control rate was 93%. The median time to recurrence was 23 months. There was no case of @entity39 , and a good function of larynx was achieved in a majority of the @entity1 . Eighteen second @entity5 were diagnosed in 17 @entity1 during the follow-up. A brief review of the literature is also done in the paper.

title: Management of early glottic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity4034 is mostly found in @entity1 and adolescents. In western Europe @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is a rare disease. This is the cause why @entity697 is often diagnosed with delay. The treatment usually is an antibiotic medication and/or surgical interventions. @entity158 of extremities in @entity1 should always consider the diagnosis of @entity697 . Investigation should include conventional X-rays, ultrasounds or MRI to prevent the spreading of infection. In cases of multifocal infection radionuclide imaging should be undergone. Differential diagnosis should always include @entity5 . If under treatment of antibiotics the clinical signs of illness do not decrease within 24 h surgery with fenestration of the involved bone, debridement and local application of antibiotics is indicated. In unusual cases or in cases with clinical signs of @entity697 but no bacteria specification a @entity5 has to be excluded.

title: [Diagnosis and therapy of pediatric and juvenile XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute osteomyelitis', 'acute haematogen osteomyelitis', 'AHOM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Haematogen osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Uncharacteristic pain']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['hematogenous osteomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) differentiating into corneal epithelium-like cells after transfection with @entity7003 gene. METHODS: The adipose tissue from bilateral inguinal of healthy C57BL/6 @entity19 (5-6 weeks old) was used to isolate and culture ADMSCs. The 3rd passage ADMSCs were subjected to treatments of non-transfection (group A), pcDNA3.1 empty vector transfection (group B), and recombinant plasmid of pcDNA3.1- @entity7003 transfection (group C), respectively. At 48 hours after transfection, the cells in groups B and C were selected with G418. The cell morphology changes were observed under the inverted microscope. @entity7003 protein and level of corneal epithelial cells specific @entity15251 ( @entity15251 ) were measured by Western blot. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was applied to measure the mRNA expression of @entity15251 . RESULTS: No morphology change was observed in groups A and B. Two different cell clones were found in group C. No.1 selected clone showed a flagstone-like appearance that was similar to that of corneal epithelial cells; No.2 selected clone showed a net-like appearance, with 3-7 cell processes. The Western blot results showed the @entity7003 protein expression in 2 clones of group C, but no expression in groups A and B; and @entity15251 protein expression was only observed in No.1 selected clone of group C, and no expression in the others. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that the @entity15251 mRNA expression level of No.1 selected clone of group C was 8.64    0.73, which was significantly higher than that of No.2 selected clone of group C (0.55    0.42), group B (1.36    0.40), and group A (1.00    0.00) (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference among groups A, Band No.2 selected clone of group C (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity7003 gene transfection could induce differentiation of ADMSCs into corneal epithelium-like cells which express @entity15251 at both the mRNA and protein levels. This result provides a promising strategy of generating corneal epithelium-like cells for construction of tissue engineered @entity267 .

title: [Differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells after transfection with XXXX gene].

answer: @entity7003 :: (18508(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Pax6']


abstract: Obesity and @entity2175 are complex diseases in the @entity1 population. The existence of a large number of contributing loci and gene-gene as well as gene-environment interactions make it difficult to identify the disease genes underlying these complex traits. In @entity19 models of @entity28 and @entity2175 such as the @entity19 fat mutation, genetic crosses can be used to dissect the genetic complexity influencing the observed phenotypes. The underlying defect in the fat mutant is a @entity23336 change in @entity21314 ( @entity21314 ), an enzyme responsible for the final proteolytic processing step of prohormone intermediates. On the @entity9719 ( @entity9719 ) inbred strain background, @entity19 homozygous for the fat mutation exhibit early onset @entity3190 followed by postpubertal moderate @entity28 without @entity4854 . In contrast, on the C57BLKS/J (BKS) genetic background, fat/fat @entity19 become severely @entity28 , @entity1717 , and @entity1602 . Therefore, in the @entity21314 (fat) genetic model, the fat mutation is necessary but not sufficient for the development of @entity28 , @entity2175 , and related @entity209 . To dissect the susceptibility loci responsible for modifying @entity28 - and @entity6 -associated traits, we characterized, both genetically and phenotypically, fat/fat male progeny from a large intercross between BKS. @entity9719 -+/+ @entity19 . Four major loci were mapped, including a locus for body weight (body weight 1) on chromosome 14; a locus for @entity4854 (fat-induced @entity6 1) on chromosome 19; a locus for @entity4854 , @entity3190 , and @entity1007 (fat-induced @entity6 2) on chromosome 5; and a locus for @entity1386 and body weight (fat-induced @entity1386 1) on chromosome 11. The identification of these interacting genetic determinants for @entity28 and @entity2175 may allow better definition of the @entity28 / @entity6 -related hormone signaling pathways and ultimately may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of these complex diseases.

title: Genetic modifiers interact with XXXX (fat) to affect body weight, @entity1386 , and @entity4854 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9719 :: ('MESH:D020191', 'Disease') :: ['HRS/J', 'HRS', 'HRS-fat/fat and HRS']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity23336 :: ('p|SUB|S|202|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser202Pro']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity21314 :: (12876(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cpe']


abstract: AIMS: Genetic research on substance use disorders usually defines phenotypes as a binary diagnosis, resulting in a loss of information if the disorder is inherently dimensional. The DSM-IV criteria for @entity734 were based on a theoretically dimensional (linear) model. Considerable investigation has been conducted on DSM-IV @entity167 criteria, but less is known about the dimensionality of DSM-IV @entity835 criteria for abuse and @entity734 . The aim of this study is to assess whether DSM-IV @entity835 (including withdrawal) and abuse criteria fit a linear measure of severity and whether a consumption criterion adds linearly to severity. DESIGN/SETTING/ @entity1 /MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 were 8172 in the National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity167 and Related Conditions who had ever used @entity835 . Wald statistics were used to test whether categorical, dimensional or hybrid forms best fit the data. We examined the following as criterion sets: (1) @entity734 ; (2) @entity734 and abuse; and (3) @entity734 , abuse and frequency of use. Validating variables included family history of drug problems, early onset of @entity835 use, and @entity10420 . FINDINGS: For @entity835 , no evidence was found for categorical or hybrid models; Wald tests indicated that models representing the seven DSM-IV @entity734 criteria as a linear severity measure best described the association between the criteria and validating variables. However, significant differences from linearity occurred after adding the four @entity835 abuse criteria (p=0.03) and the use indicator (p=0.01) for family history and @entity10420 . CONCLUSION: With ample power to detect non-linearity, @entity835 was shown to form an underlying continuum of severity. However, adding abuse criteria, with and without a measure of consumption, resulted in a model that differed significantly from linearity for two of the three validating variables.

title: Cannabis dimensionality: XXXX , abuse and consumption.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis', 'cannabis dependence']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug dependence', 'dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Post-menopause @entity3800 are the essential precursors for @entity172 synthesis through their conversion in peripheral tissues. The main postmenopausal @entity172 is @entity1815 , which is also peripherally converted into @entity53 . Concentrations of these two @entity172 are directly proportional in circulation. We wanted to establish whether there is a direct correlation between body mass and @entity1109 in surgically castrated @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 30 @entity1 with artificially induced menopause, 3-12 months after the operation (hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy). Prior to being put on hormone substitution therapy the following was obtained from the @entity1 : Body Mass Index--BMI (kg/m(2)), measurement of @entity53 (E(2)) by RIA method, and 12 subjective symptoms analyzed according to intensity and frequency. The relationship between BMI, E(2) level and subjective symptoms were assessed. RESULTS: By analyzing the correlation coefficient it was shown that there was statistically significant causal-consequential connection between the E(2) level and BMI (R(2)=0.1647, p<0.05). There is no strong correlation between BMI and symptoms (R(2)=0.004, p<0.05). However, E(2) level correlated with subjective symptoms (R(2)=0.2123, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity172 production in postmenopause is dependent on the substrate availability, and thus with adiposity. Therefore, we were surprised by the lack of correlation between BMI and symptoms. This suggests that @entity172 metabolism and biological effects are not primarily affected by BMI, and that expression of @entity1109 does not depend only on @entity172 level.

title: Relation between body mass and @entity1109 in surgically castrated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Prior research suggests that parents' monitoring behaviors are related to the conduct problems of @entity1 but not to the conduct problems of @entity1 with @entity8192 . However, these studies have been cross-sectional. The present short-term longitudinal study investigates the bidirectional influences of parental monitoring and youth problem behaviors, while also examining the potential moderating influence of @entity8192 . We assessed adolescents (Mean age  =  14.5  years; SD  =  1.8) and parents at two time points. Youths reported their @entity8192 and delinquency, while parents reported their @entity1 's conduct problems, and their parenting behaviors to track and control their @entity1 's activities. We found support for a @entity1 -driven change in parents' monitoring behaviors over time. Specifically, @entity1 with high @entity8192 had parents who reduced their monitoring behaviors over time, and their different types of monitoring behaviors were less synchronous over time. In addition, parents of youths with high @entity8192 showed a trend toward not being stable in their surveillance efforts over time. Moreover, greater behavioral control for youths high on @entity8192 did not lead to parents' greater knowledge about their youths. In fact, having less knowledge was related to decreases in parental control, when youths were high on @entity8192 . The present study supports the importance of personality in shaping how parents actively monitor their @entity1 .

title: Parental monitoring and youth behavior problems: moderation by XXXX over time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity8192 :: ('MESH:C567520', 'Disease') :: ['callous-unemotional traits']

answer: @entity8192 :: (MESH:C567520,Disease) :: ['callous-unemotional traits']


abstract: Factors in circulating air may play a role in immune responses after surgery through induction of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation across the gut. @entity2659 @entity19 were randomized to one of four treatment groups: controls, laparoscopy with @entity544 inflation, laparoscopy with air inflation and laparotomy. The peritoneal and systemic immune response was assessed by evaluating peritoneal macrophage, blood monocyte and neutrophil activity. In a second study, the effect of each of the treatments on @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-LPS translocation across the gut was assessed. There were significant (P < 0.05) increases in peritoneal tissue macrophage release of @entity224 and tumour @entity39 factor after laparoscopy with air and laparotomy compared with control procedures and @entity544 laparoscopy. However, peritoneal macrophage @entity2823 - @entity5132 ingestion was significantly decreased after air laparoscopy and laparotomy compared with controls and @entity544 laparoscopy (P < 0.05). These findings correlated with a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in @entity3804 expression. Significant translocation into the peritoneal cavity and systemic circulation occurred after air laparoscopy and laparotomy only. Factors in circulating air can induce LPS translocation and subsequent stimulation of postoperative immune responses. The beneficial effects of laparoscopic surgery may be explained by the minimal air contamination of the peritoneal cavity.

title: Exposure of the peritoneal cavity to air regulates early inflammatory responses to surgery in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is widespread concern about access to good quality health care for ethnic minority groups. This study investigates differences between ethnic groups regarding prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 , and adherence to treatment guidelines by family practitioners in urban areas in the Netherlands. METHOD: Data from electronic medical records, collected for the Netherlands Information Network of General Practice. Diagnoses were based on the International Classification of Primary Care. Adherence to guidelines included at least five consultations, prescription of psychotropics for 6 weeks at most (indicative of cessation in case of nonresponse) or 5 months at least (suggesting continuation in case of response), and/or a referral to a mental health care specialist. Data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 6413 @entity1 (4.4% of practice population) were diagnosed with @entity308 . Prevalence was highest in Turkish @entity1 (5.2%). Of diagnosed @entity1 , 42.9% received guideline-concordant treatment. Only Surinamese/Antillean @entity1 were less likely than ethnic Dutch to receive treatments according to guidelines. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of and quality of care for @entity148 and @entity308 were comparable between ethnic minority clients, but some differences suggest that efforts to educate primary care providers in management of @entity148 / @entity308 should be continued and tailored to specific ethnic groups.

title: Quality of care for @entity148 and XXXX in different ethnic groups by family practitioners in urban areas in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'anxiety and/or depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the spontaneous variability of @entity943 ( @entity943 ) and evaluate anti-arrhythmic efficacy of @entity2683 , @entity2778 , and a @entity2683 - @entity2778 combination in German shepherd @entity235 (GSD) with inherited @entity943 . ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: 12 affected GSD, median age 20 weeks, received @entity2683 (8 mg/kg PO q8 h), @entity2778 (2.5 mg/kg PO q12 h), and combination therapy for 6 days in random order. Pre- and post-treatment 24 h Holter recordings were acquired, allowing determination of @entity943 variability and reduction in 24 h @entity943 for each treatment. Drug concentrations during each arm were measured. RESULTS: An anti-arrhythmic effect could be inferred if @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ), ventricular couplets (V(cpl)), @entity1165 runs (VT(runs)) and total @entity1540 (VE(tot)) frequency were reduced by 61%, 97%, 98%, and 63% (1 control Holter model), by 53%, 94%, 95%, and 54% (4 control Holter model) and by 54%, 95%, 96% and 56% (3 control Holter model). Combination therapy reduced @entity1540 and VE(tot) in more @entity235 (5/12 and 6/12) than @entity2683 (1/11 and 2/11) or @entity2778 (2/9 and 1/9) (p < 0.05). The combination therapy reduced the mean number of @entity1540 , V(cpl), and VE(tot). @entity2778 monotherapy produced an increase in VT(runs). Plasma @entity2683 concentration was higher during combination therapy than with monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy reduced @entity1540 in affected GSD. @entity2778 monotherapy increased VT(runs). Combination therapy increased plasma @entity2683 concentrations.

title: Combination therapy with @entity2683 and @entity2778 suppresses inherited @entity943 in German shepherd @entity235 better than XXXX or @entity2778 monotherapy: a randomized cross-over study.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy', 'ventricular premature complexes', 'VPC']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'VA', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2683 :: (MESH:D008801,Chemical) :: ['mexiletine']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) has been used as the first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) in @entity1 with early progressive @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Several severe side effects such as myelosuppression, hepato-, nephro-, and @entity358 have been reported. However, the pathogenic mechanism of @entity1500 -induced @entity3794 is still unknown. Here, we evaluated the morphological and biological changes of the @entity3794 in @entity19 treated with @entity1500 . Three, four and five weeks after consecutive administration of @entity1500 (3 mg/kg/day), @entity720 content in the lung tissues increased significantly to about 2 times higher that of the control level. This result closely reflected to the results of @entity1710 and @entity1711 (HE) and Azan stains. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that @entity1500 treatment resulted in a decrease of alveolar epithelial cells and an increase of fibroblast cells in the @entity19 lung tissues. When we examined the effects of @entity1500 on primary @entity19 alveolar epithelial cell (MAEC) and @entity19 lung fibroblast (MLF) survival in vitro, the efficiency of @entity1500 -induced @entity137 and apoptosis in MAEC was more sensitive than MLF cells. Thus, our results indicate that the administration of @entity1500 by an oral route could induce a fibrotic response with cell dysfunction of the alveolar epithelium by which @entity1500 -induced apoptosis. Our results thus suggest that @entity1500 could induce @entity133 and resulted in the loss of integrity of the alveolar-capillary barrier basement membranes followed by the recruitment and proliferation of myofibroblasts with the deposition of collagens.

title: Induction of XXXX by @entity1499 treatment in @entity19 lung in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar epithelial cell injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicities']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: We report on nine male @entity1 with cervical root @entity155 and @entity2685 following traffic accidents. These non-amputees (mean age 33.7 years) had a phantom arm beside the paralysed arm. Cervical root @entity155 were demonstrated either by myelography or surgically. Mostly the roots C5-Th1 were affected. Eight of the nine @entity1 had @entity4820 on the side of the root @entity155 . The phantom arm appeared immediately after the accident, except in one @entity1 who was symptom-free for 2 weeks. In two cases the phantom arm disappeared spontaneously. Four @entity1 underwent a DREZ lesion. After surgery the phantom arm disappeared, and three of the @entity1 became painfree, while one @entity1 experienced @entity158 relief of 20% to 50%. Reviewing the literature it is assumed that phantom limb following injury to the brachial plexus indicates cervical root @entity155 . In such cases @entity4820 is a good indication for lower cervical root @entity155 (C8-Th2).

title: Phantom phenomena (phantom arm) following cervical root XXXX . Effect of dorsal root entry zone thermocoagulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion', 'avulsions']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']