abstract: The determination of immunoglobulin light chain restriction using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies is a rapid method for the detection of a neoplastic B-cell-population. Cytocentrifuge preparates of mononuclear blood cells from 42 @entity1 with chronic @entity1778 and of lymph node aspirates from 24 @entity1 with @entity1893 were examined using the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. Monoclonal antibodies from different commercial sources and rabbit polyclonal antibodies were used in this study. Staining with polyclonal antibodies demonstrated light chain restriction in 65 cases. The leukaemic cells of a @entity1 with @entity1619 did not express light chain immunoglobulins. Monoclonal antibodies from two manufacturers demonstrated monotypic staining for light chains in all cases with light chain immunoglobulins. Monoclonal antibodies from four manufactures failed to show monotypic light chains in 5, 21, 25 and 28 of the 65 cases. All investigated antibodies detected a similar percentage of light chain-positive lymphocytes in 10 healthy @entity1 . We conclude that not all investigated monoclonal antibodies are suitable for detection of light chain restriction in @entity1893 and chronic @entity1778 . However, using selected monoclonal antibodies or rabbit polyclonal antibodies the APAAP method is very sensitive for detection of light chain restriction in these disorders.

title: Detection of light chain restriction in chronic XXXX and @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['B-lymphoid leukaemia', 'B-lymphoid leukaemias']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["B-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "B-non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['B-lymphoid leukaemia']


abstract: @entity356 caused by the environmentally transmitted pathogen, @entity8966 , have increased over the last two decades, including in many parts of the United States (US). However, until recently, @entity281 linked to shellfish from the cool northeastern US waters were rare. Cases have risen in the Northeast, consistent with changes in local @entity8966 populations toward greater abundance or a shift in constituent pathogens. We examined 94 clinical isolates from a period of increasing disease in the region and compared them to 200 environmental counterparts to identify resident and non-indigenous lineages and to gain insight into the emergence of pathogenic types. Genotyping and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of clinical isolates collected from 2010 to 2013 in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine revealed their polyphyletic nature. Although 80% of the clinical isolates harbored the trh hemolysin either alone or with tdh, and were urease positive, 14% harbored neither hemolysin exposing a limitation for these traits in pathogen detection. Resident sequence type (ST) 631 strains caused seven @entity281 , and show a relatively recent history of recombination with other clinical and environmental lineages present in the region. ST34 and ST674 strains were each linked to a single infection and these strain types were also identified from the environment as isolates harboring hemolysin genes. Forty-two ST36 isolates were identified from the clinical collection, consistent with reports that this strain type caused a rise in regional @entity281 starting in 2012. Whole-genome phylogenies that included three ST36 outbreak isolates traced to at least two local sources demonstrated that the US Atlantic coastal population of this strain type was indeed derived from the Pacific population. This study lays the foundation for understanding dynamics within natural populations associated with emergence and invasion of pathogenic strain types in the region.

title: Genetic characterization of clinical and environmental XXXX from the Northeast USA reveals emerging resident and non-indigenous pathogen lineages.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus', 'V. parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric infections']

answer: @entity8966 :: (670,Species) :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that elective laparoscopic repair should be routinely performed on @entity1 with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic @entity357 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The management of asymptomatic @entity357 is a controversial issue. Most surgeons believe that all @entity357 should be corrected electively on diagnosis, irrespective of symptoms, to prevent the development of complications and avoid the risk of emergency surgery. METHODS: A Markov Monte Carlo decision analytic model was developed to track a hypothetical cohort of @entity1 with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic @entity357 and reflect the possible clinical outcomes associated with two treatment strategies: elective laparoscopic @entity357 repair (ELHR) or watchful waiting (WW). The input variables for ELHR were estimated from a pooled analysis of 20 published studies, while those for WW and emergency surgery were derived from the 1997 HCUP-NIS database and surgical literature published from 1964 to 2000. Outcomes for the two strategies were expressed in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). RESULTS: Analysis of the HCUP-NIS database showed that published studies overestimate the mortality of emergency surgery (17% vs. 5.4%). The mortality rate of ELHR was 1.4%. The annual probability of developing acute symptoms requiring emergency surgery with the WW strategy was 1.1%. For @entity1 65 years of age, ELHR resulted in reduction of 0.13 QALYs (10.78 vs. 10.65) compared with WW. The model predicted that WW was the optimal treatment strategy in 83% of @entity1 and ELHR in the remaining 17%. The model was sensitive only to alterations of the mortality rates of ELHR and emergency surgery. CONCLUSIONS: If ELHR is routinely recommended, it would be more beneficial than WW in fewer than one of five @entity1 . WW is a reasonable alternative for the initial management of @entity1 with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic @entity357 , and even if an emergency operation is required, the burden of the procedure is not as severe as was thought in the past.

title: XXXX : operation or observation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['paraesophageal hernia', 'paraesophageal hernias']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['Paraesophageal hernias']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity170 centres on the assessment of @entity79 ( @entity79 ). @entity170 is defined as a @entity79 2.5 SD or more below the average value for premenopausal @entity1 (T score < -2.5 SD). Severe @entity170 denotes @entity170 in the presence of one or more @entity174 . The same absolute value for @entity79 used in @entity1 can be used in @entity1 . The recommended site for diagnosis is the proximal femur with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Other sites and validated techniques, however, can be used for @entity174 prediction. Although @entity173 prediction with @entity79 alone is at least as good as blood pressure readings to predict @entity64 , the predictive value of @entity79 can be enhanced by use of other factors, such as biochemical indices of bone resorption and clinical risk factors. Clinical risk factors that contribute to @entity174 risk independently of @entity79 include age, previous @entity174 , @entity7793 , a family history of @entity173 , and the use of oral @entity288 . In the absence of validated population screening strategies, a case finding strategy is recommended based on the finding of risk factors. Treatment should be considered in individuals subsequently shown to have a high @entity174 risk. Because of the many techniques available for @entity174 risk assessment, the 10-year probability of @entity174 is the desirable measurement to determine intervention thresholds. Many treatments can be provided cost-effectively to @entity1 and @entity1 if @entity173 probability over 10 years ranges from 2% to 10% dependent on age.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX and assessment of @entity174 risk.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['premature menopause']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Identification of @entity1 with high risk of development or @entity1162 media would be highly useful in clinical practice. In this study, tympanometry was assessed for its capability in predicting development and resolution of @entity697 ( @entity697 ). METHODS: Visits of 329 @entity1 followed in the Finnish @entity2172 Cohort Study from 2 to 24 months of age were evaluated for this report. Tympanometry was routinely performed on all @entity1 during their visits to a special study clinic. Adjacent consecutive visits were used for analysis of development and resolution of @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ) between the visits. Descriptive analysis utilized all data obtained during the longitudinal follow-up; confirmatory statistical analysis was performed on data of one randomly selected visit per subject to ensure independence of observations. Presence of @entity2172 at the second visit was used as the outcome. RESULTS: Negative tympanometric peak pressure (<-100 daPa) was found to predict the development of @entity2346 media when observed during @entity1729 with no @entity2169 . @entity2346 media developed within 20 days to 40% of @entity1 with negative pressure compared with 20% of @entity1 without negative pressure. The observed association was confirmed statistically (odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 2.4-9.6). Poor outcome of @entity697 at the subsequent follow-up visit 3-5 weeks later was found in 9% of ears with negative pressure tympanogram compared with 24% with initial type B or normal pressure tympanogram during @entity697 . However, we could not confirm the finding in statistical analysis (odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.2-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Profound negative tympanometric peak pressure is a significant marker of increased risk for development of @entity2346 media. @entity1 with negative pressure have to be thoroughly followed for subsequent progress of the @entity1576 and development of @entity2346 media. For the prediction of resolution of @entity697 , the findings remained inconclusive.

title: Predicting the development and outcome of XXXX media by tympanometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant ear disease']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['MEF', 'Otitis Media', 'middle ear fluid']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolongation of otitis']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['otitis', 'Otitis']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dosing of @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 was based on single-dose pharmacokinetic studies. This investigation was prompted by evidence of possible antibiotic accumulation in respiratory secretions with repeated dosing. The objectives were to evaluate whether tobramycin accumulates in respiratory secretions with repeated inhalation, compare total and biologically active tobramycin concentrations in @entity1577 sputum, and evaluate sputum induction for obtaining secretions for drug concentration assay. METHODS: Individuals with @entity1577 >= 10 years of age were enrolled at the beginning of a course of @entity4185 , 300 mg twice daily for 28 days. Two study visits were conducted, 1-2 days and 24-28 days after initiation of @entity4185 treatment. Induced sputum and expectorated sputum samples were collected for measurement of trough and peak tobramycin concentrations at each visit. Total tobramycin concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography and bioactive concentrations by bioassay. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 completed the study. Trough concentrations were similar at visits 1 and 2, as were peak concentrations. Trough bioactive and total tobramycin concentrations were similar (mean ratio 1.2, 95% CI 0.56, 1.87), but peak bioactive concentrations were significantly lower than peak total concentrations (mean ratio 0.33, 95% CI 0.23, 0.44). Sputum induction was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence of significant drug accumulation in respiratory secretions with repeat dosing of @entity4185 was seen. Peak bioactive concentrations, although lower than peak total concentrations, were still generally well within the bactericidal range. Sputum induction as a method for determining airway drug concentrations appears safe and feasible.

title: Sputum tobramycin concentrations in XXXX @entity1 with repeated administration of inhaled tobramycin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['tobramycin solution for inhalation', 'TSI']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore how intimate relationships and sexuality are influenced by @entity627 and to describe self-management strategies used to manage disease consequences. METHODS: To ensure that data were grounded in @entity1 ' language and experiences, individual and focus group interviews were conducted. Purposeful sampling was used to ensure variation in age, sex, disease duration, diagnosis, and marital status among the informants. @entity1 were @entity1 and @entity1 ages 18 years or older, were diagnosed with inflammatory @entity627 by a rheumatologist, and had a disease duration of >= 2 years. RESULTS: The mean age of the 23 @entity1 was 44 years, the mean disease duration was 13.6 years, and the mean    SD modified Health Assessment Questionnaire score was 1.58    0.46. Four key themes summarized the main issues described by the informants: between disease and normality, relational aspects, disease-related sexual challenges, and self-management strategies. The results reveal that the disease constituted a disruption in life, requiring a new orientation of sexual identity and relationship. @entity1 ' experiences of sexuality went beyond specific sexual activity, including aspects such as body image and relational issues, illustrating a multidimensional perception of sexuality. A large inter- and intrapersonal variety of impact and a wide range of management strategies were reported. CONCLUSION: This study shows that sexuality is a vital area of life for @entity1 living with @entity625 . It is a source of physical pleasure and intimacy with their partner, but may cause @entity148 and distress when affected by @entity627 . However, various self-management strategies are applied to enhance intimate relationships and sexual activity. Knowledge and openness concerning sexual issues need to be emphasized as part of the competence of health professionals and researchers.

title: XXXX and sexuality: Disease impact and self-management strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases', 'rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['Rheumatic diseases']


abstract: AIMS: Neoadjuvant treatment strategies have been developed to improve the survival of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . Since @entity1 with major histopathological response are the ones who mainly benefit from this therapy, we are looking for causes of nonresponse. The multidrug resistance protein @entity1262 belongs to the @entity855 -binding cassette superfamily of membrane transporters. By exporting positively charged drugs it plays a role in the acquisition of resistance in anticancer therapy. We examined the @entity1262 gene polymorphism @entity18598 to predict response and prognosis to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy ( @entity900 , @entity1487 and 36 Gy) in locally advanced @entity418 @entity1 . MATERIALS _ METHODS: A total of 262 @entity1 (216 male; 46 female; median age: 62 years) with locally advanced @entity418 ( @entity1544 : n = 116, @entity420 : n = 146) were included in this study. All @entity1 received a neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (36.0 Gy, @entity1487 , @entity900 ) followed by surgery. Histomorphologic regression was classified according to the Cologne Regression Grade with major response being classifed as having less than 10% @entity5 cells (n = 107) and minor response when 10% or more @entity5 cells (n = 155) were detected in the surgical specimen. Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues of all study @entity1 . Allelic genotyping was performed for @entity1262 @entity18599 by real-time PCR using two allele-specific TaqMan(  ) probes in competition. Allelic genotyping was correlated with therapy response and prognosis. RESULTS: Allelic discrimination revealed a TT genotype in 27%, a CC in 19% and a CT genotype in 54% of the study @entity1 . This SNP was not predictive for response of the @entity5 to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. The @entity1262 genotype CC was associated with lymph node formation (p = 0.012) and distant metastases (p = 0.019). @entity1 with a TT genotype exhibited a significantly less positive lymph node status (ypN1 35%) after chemoradiation compared with @entity1 with a CC (ypN1 = 60%) or CT (ypN1 = 46%) genotype. Moreover, @entity1 bearing the TT genotype exhibited no distant @entity3 , while five @entity1 with a CC and two @entity1 with CT genotype had distant metastases. In Kaplan-Meier curves, @entity420 @entity1 with a CC genotype showed a worse survival rate than @entity1 with TT or CT (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Our data supports the impact of @entity1262 on effectiveness of @entity418 treatment. SNPs of @entity1262 could be helpful in predicting lymph node regression in the multimodality treatment of locally advanced @entity418 .

title: Impact of XXXX @entity18598 polymorphism on lymph node regression in multimodality treatment of locally advanced @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'vital tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['ABCB1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity136 (G) plus @entity1311 (T) as first-line therapy in recurrent or metastatic @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 with locally, recurrent or metastatic @entity0 and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease received G 1200 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, and T 175 mg/m2 on day 1 (before G) every 21 days for a maximum of 10 cycles. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 , 39 metastatic @entity0 and 1 locally-advanced disease, were enrolled. Their median age was 61.5 years, and 85% had a World Health Organization performance status (PS) of 0 or 1. Poor prognostic factors at baseline included visceral involvement (87.5%) and > or =2 metastatic sites (70%). Also, 27 (67.5%) @entity1 had prior adjuvant chemotherapy, 25 of which had prior anthracyclines. A total of 220 cycles (median 6; range, 1-10) were administered. Of the 40 enrolled @entity1 , 2 had complete response and 12 partial response, for an overall response rate of 35.0% for intent-to-treat population. Among 35 @entity1 evaluable for efficacy the response rate was 40%. Additional 14 @entity1 had stable disease, and 7 had progressive disease. The median duration of response was 12 months; median time to progression, 7.2 months; median survival, 25.7 months. Common grade 3/4 @entity137 were @entity1398 in 17 (42.5%) @entity1 each, grade 3 @entity1431 in 19 (47.5%), and grade 3 @entity1665 in 30 (75.0%) @entity1 ; 1 (2.5%) @entity1 had grade 4 @entity882 . CONCLUSION: GT exhibited encouraging activity and tolerable @entity137 as first-line therapy in metastatic @entity0 . Phase III trials for further evaluation are ongoing.

title: First-line therapy with XXXX and @entity1311 in locally, recurrent or metastatic @entity0 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: The results presented here provide evidence that the presence of Fas protein in target cells is essential to permit @entity137 (resulting in apoptosis) mediated by cloned @entity1961 + @entity630 cells. Using mitogen-activated B cells as targets, antigen-dependent lysis by @entity1961 + @entity630 effectors was observed with MRL/MpJ+ but not with MRL/MpJ-lpr targets. The congenic MRL/MpJ-lpr strain is defective in Fas expression. Target cells from various lymphoid tissues of C3H.MRL-lpr @entity19 were also resistant to the lectin-dependent @entity137 of @entity630 effectors, whereas C3H/HeJ targets were sensitive. Moreover, a rapid DNA fragmentation prior to 51Cr release was induced only in C3H/HeJ targets. Thus, @entity137 induced by @entity630 effectors correlates with target Fas expression. In contrast to @entity630 effectors, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) killed C3H.MRL-lpr targets. When @entity137 was assayed in the presence of EGTA and @entity8723 , which chelates extracellular @entity141 [( @entity141 )ext], only C3H.MRL-lpr targets became resistant to CD8+ CTLs. This ( @entity141 )ext-independent @entity137 of both @entity630 and CD8+ effectors could be inhibited with unlabeled C3H/HeJ thymocytes or with a transfectoma carrying a @entity19 Fas- @entity1 mu gene construct. In comparison, C3H.MRL-lpr thymocytes and the nontransfected parental cell line were poor inhibitors. Our study demonstrates that @entity1961 + @entity630 cells and CD8+ CTLs differ in their ( @entity141 )ext-dependent @entity137 but share a ( @entity141 )ext-independent @entity137 that requires participation of Fas molecules for cytotoxic signal transduction leading to target apoptosis.

title: Participation of target Fas protein in apoptosis pathway induced by XXXX + @entity630 and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: The authors describe the intracavital treatment with 90Y silicate colloid in 9 cases of @entity976 . The method has been applied since 1975 in the National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest. The intracavital treatment was only one among several applied treatment forms. In all @entity1 a partial @entity5 has also been performed. The possibilities of evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal cyst irradiation are therefore limited. In most cases the intracavital treatment resulted in shrinkage of the cyst, or even was followed by its practical disappearence and the condition of the @entity1 shows a decisive improvement. The growth of solid @entity5 parts is not influenced by this kind of treatment. Therefore the clinical improvement of the @entity1 's condition depends also on the ratio between cyst and solid @entity5 volume. The optic nerve impairment did not improve in all cases. As a side-effect an @entity2895 paresis developed in several @entity1 . Its possible explanations have been discussed, including lasting @entity5 pressure.

title: The radiotherapy of XXXX with intracystic installation of 90Y silicate colloid.

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['cystic craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumour', 'damage from tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor nerve']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['cystic craniopharyngioma']


abstract: The time-course of @entity2902 (the 55-kD/alpha subunit of the @entity1199 ( @entity3647 ) expression on @entity404 + T lymphocytes, and serum levels of soluble @entity1199 receptors (sIL-2R) and @entity1199 were evaluated in relapsing-remitting @entity15 (RRMS) @entity1 treated with interferon beta-1b (IFNbeta1b). Peripheral blood samples were collected before therapy (T0), and 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 3 (T3), 6 (T4), and 12 (T5) months after therapy initiation. While at T1 and T2, half the @entity1 showed an increased number of circulating @entity404 + @entity2902 + lymphocytes and an up-regulation of @entity2902 expression, at T3 this T-cell subset was significantly reduced in all the @entity1 . From T4 to T5, however, the progressive return to pretreatment values was observed. Serum sIL-2R levels were not significantly affected by IFNbeta1b at any time point. @entity1199 was detected in only a few @entity1 at T0, and never at T1 to T5. The transient up-regulation of @entity2902 + expression that occurred in about 50% of the @entity1 may explain the unchanged relapse rate observed during the first 2 to 3 months after starting IFNbeta1b therapy. Our study demonstrates that IFNbeta1b down-regulates @entity2902 expression in vivo. This effect, however, was observed only after 3 months of therapy, and was followed by the return to pretreatment values after 6 to 12 months. Taken all together, our findings suggest that IFNbeta1b only transiently affects @entity2902 expression in vivo, and that this effect cannot account for the reported long-lasting beneficial action of IFNbeta1b on RRMS.

title: Time-course of @entity1199 receptor expression in interferon beta-treated @entity15 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Hungarian Health Insurance Fund, using appropriate information technology, covers all of the secondary care of the country and maintains a database of @entity580 ( @entity580 ). Our study aimed to determine the incidence, average age-at-diagnosis (AaD), and prevalence of @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) among adults and the regional heterogeneity of these measures to assess the potential usefulness of HDRs for monitoring. METHODS: The nationwide database of 336,679 HDRs from 2004 to 2009 was analyzed. The incidence and prevalence were determined for adults in 2007. @entity1 with @entity1737 code in 2007, 2008, and 2009 but without that in 2004-2006 were defined as incident. Distribution of AaD was described for these cases. @entity1 with an @entity1737 code in 2007, 2008, and 2009 were defined as prevalent in 2007. The heterogeneity of regional age-standardized indices was tested. RESULTS: The observed incidence and prevalence was 2.76/100,000 ( @entity1 : 2.37/100,000; @entity1 : 3.11/100,000) and 17.42/100,000 (male: 13.08/100,000; female: 21.28/100,000), respectively. These estimates were within published ranges. The mean AaD was significantly higher for @entity1 than for @entity1 (63.60 vs. 51.92; p   <   0.001). Significant regional heterogeneity was observed for all measures. CONCLUSIONS: HDRs seem to be useful for developing @entity1737 indicators because they adequately estimate epidemiological parameters of @entity1737 occurrence.

title: Estimation of incidence, prevalence, and age-at-diagnosis of XXXX among adults by hospital discharge records.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Discharge Records', 'HDR']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: Structure and expression of the gene for a @entity61569 of the @entity12638 , @entity12638 were studied. A major cuticle protein, termed ' @entity61570 ' was purified from the @entity1133 extract of integuments of the fifth (final) instar larvae. Immunoblot analysis by use of the anti- @entity61570 antibody revealed that @entity61570 begins to accumulate in larvae as early as 10 h after hatch and is present throughout the larval stages. The @entity61570 epitope is also detectable in the adult abdominal integument but is absent from pupal integument and adult wing. Screening of an epidermal cDNA expression library with the antibody probe yielded a cDNA clone for @entity61570 . Primary structure deduced from the cDNA sequence showed that @entity61570 bears an @entity369 - @entity2228 - @entity492 (RGD) sequence. The region around this domain exhibits striking similarity with the @entity535 sequences found in vertebrate collagens. The genomic DNA clone coding for @entity61570 was isolated by screening a @entity12638 gene library with the @entity61570 cDNA probe. The gene consists of five exons interspersed by four introns spanning over 2.7 kb region of chromosomal DNA. The @entity61570 mRNA is detectable at high levels at larval intermolt stages, gradually declines after the fourth molt and totally disappears at mid-fifth larval instar, indicating that the expression of @entity61570 gene is regulated in a stage-specific fashion in the epidermal cells. Topical application of a juvenile hormone analogue ( @entity25552 ) to the fifth instar larvae followed by RNA blot and S1 nuclease mapping analyses of the epidermal RNA proved that juvenile hormone activates transcription of the @entity61570 gene.

title: Structure and developmental expression of a XXXX gene of the @entity12638 , @entity12638 .

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity12638 :: ('7091', 'Species') :: ['Bombyx mori', 'silkworm', 'B. mori']

entities_list: @entity25552 :: ('MESH:D008726', 'Chemical') :: ['methoprene']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity61569 :: (100101156(Tax:7091),Gene) :: ['larval cuticle protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether transurethral resection of the prostate can be used as both (i) treatment for symptomatic @entity1069 in @entity1 with @entity263 and (ii) a risk-adaptive strategy for reducing @entity1486 levels and broadening the indications of active surveillance. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data of 3680 @entity1 who underwent prostate biopsies at a single institution (March 2006 to January 2012). Of 529 @entity1 who had @entity263 and were ineligible for active surveillance, 86 (16.3%) underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for symptomatic @entity1069 . We assessed how changes in @entity1486 and @entity1486 density influenced the eligibility for active surveillance and the outcome of subsequent therapy. The following active surveillance criteria were used: @entity1486  <=10 ng/ml, @entity1486 density  <=0.15, positive cores  <=3 and single core involvement  <=50%. RESULTS: The median age, pre-operative @entity1486 and prostate volume were 71 years, 6.95 ng/ml, and 45.8 g, respectively. In 82.6% (71/86) of analyzed cases, ineligibility for active surveillance had resulted from elevated @entity1486 level or @entity1486 density. With a median resection of 16.5 g, transurethral resection of the prostate reduced the percentage of @entity1486 and the percentage of @entity1486 density by 34.5 and 50.0%, respectively, making 81.7% (58/71) of the @entity1 eligible for active surveillance. @entity1486 level remained stabilized in all (21/21) @entity1 maintained on active surveillance without disease progression during the median follow-up of 50.6 months. Among @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy, 96.7% (29/30) exhibited @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: Risk-adaptive transurethral resection of the prostate may prevent overtreatment and allay @entity1486 -associated @entity148 in @entity1 with biopsy-proven low-grade @entity263 and elevated @entity1486 . Additional benefits include voiding symptom improvement and the avoidance of curative therapy's immediate side effects.

title: Transurethral resection of the prostate for @entity1 with @entity263 and symptomatic XXXX : a risk-adaptive strategy for the era of active surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Gleason score 6 prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic enlargement']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen', 'Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatic enlargement']


abstract: Among 315 fecal specimens collected from @entity1 hospitalized with @entity294 in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 2000-2001, @entity7414 was detected in 107 (34.0%). Of these, 98 (91.6%) were G9, 6 (5.6%) were G3 and 3 (2.8%) were G2, respectively. Identification of their P-types demonstrated that 103 (96.3%) were P[8], 3 (2.8%) were P[4], and 1 (0.9%) was P[3] genotypes. Determination of G- and P-type combination revealed that all of G9 isolates were associated with P[8]. G9P[8] was the most predominant genotype and accounted for the majority (91.6%) of rotaviruses detected in this study. Molecular characterization of these G9 isolates demonstrated that all had long electropherotype, 96 of 98 (98.0%) belonged to subgroup II, one belonged to subgroup I and the other one was subgroup unidentifiable. All of G9 isolates possessed @entity20466 genetic group B except for one isolate that showed dual genetic group specificities, B and C. The full-length VP7 gene nucleotide sequences among 15 representatives of these G9 strains were found to be highly homologous with percent identities of 99.3%-100%. Comparison with other G9 strains recently isolated showed that their @entity377 sequences were closely related to those of the US strain, US1205 (98.7%-99.0%) and Thai strain, 97CM108 (98.1%-99.0%). Interestingly, they were most closely related to the Japanese strain, 00-SG2509VP7, isolated in the same @entity3082 season, with percent nucleotide sequence identity of 99.4%-99.8%. The data imply that G9 strains isolated in this study and a G9 strain isolated in Japan in the year 2000 might have descended from the same ancestor.

title: Emergence of @entity1 G9 rotavirus with an exceptionally high frequency in XXXX admitted to hospital with @entity294 in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity7414 :: ('28875', 'Species') :: ['group A rotavirus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The role of the @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of membrane transporters is well documented in @entity5 cell multidrug resistance. More recently, growing evidence of their influence on oral bioavailability, drug excretion rates, and drug-drug interaction potential at the intestinal level has stimulated much investigation. Our laboratory is interested in evaluating the apical (AP) ABC transporter @entity1262 ( @entity7895 [mdr-1]) for its role in xenobiotic efflux at the intestinal level. We propagated Caco-2 cells in the presence of @entity5713 (a cytotoxic, @entity7895 substrate) to promote transporter expression though selection. That is, the cell population expressing @entity7895 , or with the capacity to up-regulate @entity7895 expression, survived and expanded in the presence of @entity5713 . We have used this selected cell line (Caco-2 VinB) to develop a fluorescent-based assay to study the chemical modulators of @entity7895 activity. Using the Caco-2 VinB cells, we have successfully demonstrated the differential potency of previously characterized @entity7895 inhibitors. In addition, we conducted a morphological evaluation of the two cell lines using transmission, scanning, and confocal microscopy. Both cell strains differentiated into highly functional, polarized columnar epithelium, although the @entity5713 -selected cell line had lost the phenotypic diversity observed in native Caco-2 populations. Increased @entity7895 expression was noted in Caco-2 VinB cells compared with the native cell line on Western blot analysis, which was localized to the AP surface using confocal microscopy and functionally demonstrated using transport assays. We believe that the Caco2 VinB cell line is a versatile tool for application in pharmaceutical drug development.

title: Characterization and application of a @entity5713 -selected CACO-2 cell line for evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['p-glycoprotein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) has been widely used and has been proposed for @entity73 screening in the framework of a systematic geriatric evaluation in health centers. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to identify the potential determinants of @entity1032 score and its evolution over a 4-year period in a population aged over sixty years with good general health without @entity303 and consulting for a health check-up. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: The preventive medical center (CMP) in Nancy. @entity1 : 687 subjects over 60 years of age (mean age 65.6    5.07 years) were included from the Senior health examination study. MEASUREMENTS: All subjects underwent 2 visits over a period of 4 years. @entity1032 measurement and a self-administered questionnaire of emotional and psychological state were evaluated at baseline and at the follow-up visit. RESULTS: The major components of total variance of baseline @entity1032 were represented by education level, practice of regular physical activity, nervousness and despair. Multivariate analysis identified 3 variables at baseline visit that independently predicted annual changes in @entity1032 : @entity1032 score, education level and "Difficulty in social relations" (r= -0.222, 0.154 and -0.255 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Education level and several psychological factors may influence @entity1032 score and its evolution over time in community-dwelling subjects aged over 60 years without @entity303 . In these subjects, a low @entity1032 score does not predict @entity73 over a period of 4 years. Therefore, the reliability of @entity1032 in this type of population is questionable.

title: Study of Mini-Mental State Exam evolution in community-dwelling subjects aged over 60 years without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini-Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study sought to measure foveal retinal thickness in @entity1 with @entity6 and to investigate the relationship between foveal thickness and visual acuity, biomicroscopic findings, and angiographic features. METHODS: A commercial scanning retinal thickness analyzer was used to measure retinal thickness. A laser slit was projected onto the retina and scanned in 400 milliseconds across the central area of the fundus. The image where the laser slit intersects with the retina was digitally recorded and analyzed. Retinal thickness was measured in 35 @entity1 (35 eyes; @entity1 age, 57 +/- 13 years) with @entity6 . @entity1 also were examined by @entity941 angiography and slit-lamp biomicroscopy to detect foveal thickening. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between foveal thickness and visual acuity (adjusted R2 = 0.72, P < 0.001). Foveal thickness was abnormal in 6 (100%) of 6 eyes in which foveal thickening was detected with slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Foveal thickness also was abnormal in 9 (31%) of 29 eyes that appeared normal by biomicroscopic examination. Foveal thickness was 136 +/- 65 microns in 7 eyes without leakage, 175 +/- 35 microns in 13 eyes with questionable leakage, and 291 +/- 120 microns in 7 eyes with definite leakage (P = 0.0075). CONCLUSIONS: Retinal thickness analysis is shown to be more sensitive than slit-lamp biomicroscopy for detecting small changes in retinal thickness. Retinal thickness analysis may prove to be a useful, noninvasive modality for the development or regression of macular @entity4 .

title: Quantitative analysis of foveal retinal thickness in XXXX with the scanning retinal thickness analyzer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Urgent colonoscopy has been proposed for the diagnosis and management of acute @entity694 . @entity548 and nonbleeding stigmata facilitates diagnosis and endoscopic therapy, but it is unclear whether urgent colonoscopy after presentation increases the diagnostic yield. This study evaluated the association between timing of colonoscopy and diagnostic yield in @entity1 admitted with acute @entity694 . METHODS: @entity1 admitted for @entity360 and receiving a diagnosis of diverticular @entity548 were identified using the Mayo Clinic GI Bleeding Team and Emergency Room Admissions Databases for the years 1998-2000. Timing of colonoscopy was determined from the time of admission. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether the timing of colonoscopy was associated with an endoscopic finding of active @entity548 or nonbleeding stigmata (or both). RESULTS: A diagnosis of definitive or presumptive diverticular @entity548 was made in 78 @entity1 (39 @entity1 and 39 @entity1 , mean age 78 yr, range 49-96 yr). Twelve @entity1 (15%) had active @entity548 or stigmata. Colonoscopies were performed a mean of 18 +/- 11 h after admission. The association between a definitive diagnosis of acute diverticular @entity548 and the timing of colonoscopy was not significant (p > 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: No significant association is apparent between the timing of colonoscopy after admission and encountering active @entity548 or nonbleeding stigmata. Based on these observations, urgent colonoscopy for these @entity1 does not seem advantageous.

title: Is early colonoscopy after admission for acute diverticular XXXX needed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticular bleeding']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Identification of active bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The intestinal microbiota play a pivotal role in the @entity32 associated with @entity30 through their interaction with the mucosal immune system. Some bifidobacteria species are immunoregulatory and induce increased dendritic cell @entity688 ( @entity688 ) release in vitro. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) @entity33 in healthy volunteers. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of FOS administration on disease activity, bifidobacteria concentrations, and mucosal dendritic cell function in @entity1 with moderately active @entity30 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with active ileocolonic @entity30 received 15 g of FOS for three weeks. Disease activity was measured using the Harvey Bradshaw index. @entity33 were quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and mucosal dendritic cell @entity688 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression were assessed by flow cytometry of dissociated rectal biopsies. RESULTS: FOS induced a significant reduction in the Harvey Bradshaw index from 9.8 (SD 3.1) to 6.9 (3.4) (p<0.01). There was a significant increase in faecal bifidobacteria concentration from 8.8 (0.9) log(10) to 9.4 (0.9) log(10) cells/g dry faeces (p<0.001). The percentage of @entity688 positive dendritic cells increased from 30 (12)% to 53 (10)% (p=0.06). Finally, the percentage of dendritic cells expressing @entity2938 and @entity2939 increased from 1.7 (1.7)% to 36.8 (15.9)% (p=0.08) and from 3.6 (3.6)% to 75.4 (3.4)% (p<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: FOS supplementation increases faecal bifidobacteria concentrations and modifies mucosal dendritic cell function. This novel therapeutic strategy appears to decrease @entity30 activity in a small open label trial and therefore warrants further investigation.

title: Clinical, microbiological, and immunological effects of fructo-oligosaccharide in XXXX with @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['increase faecal and mucosal bifidobacteria', 'Faecal and mucosal bifidobacteria']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are deposited into the respiratory tract and are thought to be a risk factor for the development of @entity17220 . In healthy individuals, the timing and mechanisms of respiratory tract injuries caused by chronic exposure to air pollution remain to be clarified. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to DEP at doses below those found in a typical bus corridor in Sao Paulo (150  g/m(3)). Male BALB/c @entity19 were divided into @entity19 receiving a nasal instillation: saline (saline; n = 30) and 30  g/10  L of DEP (DEP; n = 30). Nasal instillations were performed five days a week, over a period of 90 days. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, @entity1618 , @entity1312 and @entity60 (INF-y) were determined by ELISA-immunoassay. Assessment of respiratory mechanics was performed. The gene expression of @entity30927 in lung was evaluated by RT-PCR. The presence of @entity1312 , @entity9675 + macrophages, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells in tissues was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Bronchial thickness and the collagen/elastic fibers density were evaluated by morphometry. We measured the mean linear intercept (Lm), a measure of @entity133 , and the mean airspace diameter (D0) and statistical distribution (D2). RESULTS: DEP decreased IFN-y levels in BAL (p = 0.03), but did not significantly alter @entity58 , @entity1618 and @entity1312 levels. @entity9675 + macrophage, CD4+ T cell and CD20+ B cell numbers were not altered; however, numbers of CD3+ T cells (p  <= 0.001) and CD8+ T cells (p  <= 0.001) increased in the parenchyma. Although @entity1312 (p = 0.008) expression decreased in the bronchiolar epithelium, @entity30927 gene expression was not altered in the lung of DEP-exposed animals. Although respiratory mechanics, elastic and collagen density were not modified, the mean linear intercept (Lm) was increased in the DEP-exposed animals (p  <= 0.001), and the index D2 was statistically different (p = 0.038) from the control animals. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that nasal instillation of low doses of DEP over a period of 90  days results in @entity1283 in the pulmonary parenchyma of healthy @entity19 .

title: Chronic exposure of diesel exhaust particles induces @entity1283 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar enlargement']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['diseases of the respiratory system']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar distension']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) for allogeneic stem cell transplantation allows stable donor cell engraftment with the maintenance of a graft versus malignancy effect. Many different regimens exist employing various combinations of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and T-cell depletion. We examined the role of non-T-cell depleted RIC regimens in 56 @entity1 with haematological @entity5 . @entity1 received @entity10771 for 5 days (30 mg/m2 in 35 @entity1 , 25 mg/m2 in 21 @entity1 ) and melphalan for 1 day (140 mg/m2 in 36 @entity1 , 100 mg/m2 in 20 @entity1 ). Immunosuppression was with CyA alone in 33 @entity1 and CyA/ @entity1500 in 23 @entity1 . Twenty-four of the 26 @entity1 with chimerism data showed >95% donor chimerism at 3 months post transplant. aGVHD occurred in 18% of @entity1 receiving CyA/ @entity1500 compared to 53% of @entity1 receiving CyA. The 100-day mortality rate was 0.16 (95%CI 0.08-0.28) and 1-year nonrelapse mortality was 0.24 (95%CI 0.13-0.38). Thirty-three @entity1 remained alive and in CR at a median of 19 months post transplant (range 3-38 months). We have shown that @entity1 transplanted with @entity10771 , @entity3601 100 mg/m2 and with CyA/ @entity1500 as post transplant immunosuppression can achieve @entity66 control with an acceptable level of @entity137 . Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

title: XXXX and melphalan: a reduced intensity conditioning regimen suitable for allogeneic transplantation that maintains the graft versus malignancy effect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['good disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity10771 :: ('MESH:C042382', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine phosphate']

answer: @entity10771 :: (MESH:C042382,Chemical) :: ['Fludarabine phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several authors have presented the feasibility of laparoscopic pancreatic surgery. However, the pathophysiological effect of laparoscopic pancreatic surgery is not well known. METHODS: Ten mongrel @entity235 were randomly operated for laparoscopic and conventional distal pancreatectomy. Fed state gastrointestinal transit times were assessed using radiopaque markers. To assess surgical stress, we determined serum @entity20655 and @entity701 . RESULTS: @entity86 -to-anus transit time in the laparoscopic group was not prolonged while it was significantly prolonged in the conventional group compared with the baseline study, but no significant differences between groups were detected. First defecation was observed significantly earlier in the laparoscopic group. Serum @entity701 levels were elevated significantly at 4 h after skin incision in both groups and decreased thereafter. In the laparoscopic group, they returned close to the normal level at 8 h after incision, but were still significantly higher in the conventional group. The level of @entity20655 was elevated significantly higher in conventional group at 24 h after the skin incision. CONCLUSION: Thus, we conclude that laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy demonstrated faster recovery of the bowel transit and less stress than conventional distal pancreatectomy in @entity235 .

title: Gastrointestinal transit and stress response after laparoscopic vs conventional distal pancreatectomy in the XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative mouth']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results for the insertion of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) by surgeons. METHODS: Total 397 @entity1 , in whom @entity1211 had been inserted for intravenous chemotherapy between September 2008 and June 2014, were pooled. This procedure was performed under local anesthesia in an operation room. The insertion site for the TICVAD was mainly in the right-side subclavian vein. In the case of @entity0 @entity1 , the subclavian vein opposite the surgical site was used for insertion. RESULTS: The 397 @entity1 included 73 males and 324 females. Primary @entity5 were mainly colorectal and @entity0 . The mean operation time was 54 minutes (18-276 minutes). Operation-related complications occurred in 33 cases (8.3%). Early complications developed in 15 cases with catheter malposition and puncture failure. Late complications, which developed after 24 hours, included @entity32 in 6 cases, @entity39 in 6 cases, @entity1410 in 3 cases, port malfunction in 1 case, port migration in 1 case, and intractable @entity158 at the port site in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Insertion of a TICVAD under local anesthesia by a surgeon is a relatively safe procedure. Meticulous undermining of the skin and carefully managing the TICVAD could minimize complications.

title: Insertion of XXXX by surgeons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['TICVADs', 'totally implantable central venous access devices']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['totally implantable central venous access devices']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity11617 is a potent vasoconstrictor in several tissues, including the choroid plexus. The goal of this study was to determine whether endothelin affects the production of cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS: Ventriculocisternal perfusion was used to measure the production of cerebrospinal fluid in anesthetized @entity95 . Changes in production of cerebrospinal fluid were examined in response to vehicle, intravenous @entity11617 (alone and in the presence of @entity3352 ), and intraventricular endothelin. RESULTS: Under control conditions, the reduction in production of cerebrospinal fluid in response to endothelin administered intravenously was only modestly greater than that during infusion of vehicle. Because endothelin releases cyclooxygenase products that attenuate the direct effects of endothelin in several tissues, effects of endothelin on the production of cerebrospinal fluid were also examined after inhibition of cyclooxygenase. Production of cerebrospinal fluid in response to 1 micrograms/kg i.v. endothelin was reduced more in animals treated with @entity3352 than in untreated animals (-34 +/- 7% [mean +/- SEM] versus -14 +/- 6%, p less than 0.05). Thus, effects of endothelin on the production of cerebrospinal fluid are attenuated by cyclooxygenase products. Finally, responses to intraventricular endothelin were examined. Intraventricular endothelin produced a modest, but significant, reduction in the production of cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, endothelin may play a role in regulation of the brain fluid balance by affecting the rate of production of cerebrospinal fluid, and this effect is modulated by cyclooxygenase products.

title: Effect of endothelin on production of cerebrospinal fluid in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity11617 :: ('MESH:D016232', 'Chemical') :: ['Endothelin', 'endothelin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the incidence of @entity154 in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) and @entity4501 ( @entity4501 ) while describing the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and consequences, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of esophagram in diagnosing an @entity5216 ( @entity5216 ). METHODS: All @entity1 born with @entity1152 / @entity4501 between 2005 and 2013 were studied. Preoperative echocardiography reports, surgical descriptions of primary esophageal repair, and esophagrams were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 76 @entity1 born with @entity1152 / @entity4501 included in this study, 14 (18%) had a @entity1462 . The incidence of a right aortic arch (RAA) was 6% (5 of 76), and that of an @entity5216 ( @entity5216 ) was 12% (9 of 76). RAA was diagnosed in the neonatal period by echocardiography (4 of 5) or surgery (1 of 5), and @entity5216 was diagnosed by echocardiography (7 of 9) or later on the esophagram (2 of 9). Respiratory and/or digestive symptoms occurred in 9 of the 14 @entity1 with @entity1462 . Both long-gap @entity1152 and severe @entity299 necessitating surgery were significantly associated with @entity455 (P<.05). The sensitivity of the esophagram for diagnosing @entity5216 was 66%, the specificity was 98%, the negative predictive value was 95%, and the positive predictive value was 85%. CONCLUSION: @entity5216 and RAA have an incidence of 12% and 6% respectively, in @entity1 with @entity1152 / @entity4501 . A computed tomography angioscan is recommended to rule out such malformations when stenting of the esophagus is indicated, before esophageal replacement surgery, and when prolonged (>2 weeks) use of a nasogastric tube is considered.

title: @entity455 Associated with @entity1152 and  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['TEF', 'tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['ARSA', 'aberrant right subclavian artery']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['Tracheoesophageal Fistula']


abstract: A high @entity3452 ( @entity3452 ) level is an independent and predominantly genetically determined risk factor for @entity301 and other @entity455 . We studied the levels of @entity3452 and the influence of physical activity on @entity3452 in the young Finnish population. The study cohort comprised @entity1 and young adults aged 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 years (n = 2464) participating in a large multicenter follow-up study of cardiovascular risk factors in @entity1 and young adults. Data were available on physical activity, anthropometric variables, serum @entity3452 , insulin and lipid levels. A physical activity index was calculated based on several physical activity variables. @entity3452 was determined by radioimmunoassay with a detection threshold of 3 mg/dl. Differences were assessed with non-parametric statistical analyses. The observed range of @entity3452 was from < 3 to 90.8 mg/dl. The distribution of @entity3452 was highly skewed as 88% of the population (89% males and 87% females) had @entity3452 concentrations less than 25 mg/dl. A total of 35% of the subjects had @entity3452 levels less than 3 mg/dl. There were no significant differences in @entity3452 levels with respect to age or gender. The serum concentration of @entity3452 was statistically significantly correlated with the level of physical activity. Other behavioral variables studied did not have a significant contribution to the variability of @entity3452 levels. These results demonstrate that levels of @entity3452 are not related to age, gender or many of the known @entity301 risk factors. However, physical activity is associated with favorable @entity3452 levels, as high levels of @entity3452 (> 25 mg/dl) were less frequent in the physically most active subjects.

title: Lipoprotein (a) levels in XXXX and young adults: the influence of physical activity. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The cases of 163 @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity1062 treated by orchiectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy (XRT) were retrospectively evaluated to document outcome and to determine the prognostic significance of age side or primary, cryptorchidism, prior @entity717 , status of the contralateral @entity1062 , history of prior @entity5 , scrotal incision, postorchiectomy beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG) level, invasion of the epididymis, spermatic @entity602 , vascular invasion in the primary and mediastinal XRT. Of the prognostic factors evaluated, only spermatic @entity602 proved to be a significantly adverse factor. However, the true significance of @entity602 is unclear because the para-aortic regions were not irradiated in 2 of the @entity1 in whom there was this finding, and in 1 of these there was failure in the retroperitoneum. Spermatic @entity602 was not a prognostically significant finding in @entity1 whose para-aortic region was treated. For all 163 @entity1 who underwent XRT, disease-free survival was 95% at 5, 10, and 15 years. Total survival corrected for intercurrent @entity204 was 97% from 5 through 20 years. Seven @entity1 relapsed (4%) and 4 died of @entity4797 (2%). The XRT technique described is simple to implement and is extremely effective. Of 161 @entity1 whose para-aortic region was irradiated, none developed subdiaphragmatic nodal recurrence. Only 1 @entity1 developed @entity3052 . No @entity1 developed any of the recognized delayed XRT-induced complications involving small bowel, large bowel, @entity1494 or spinal cord. The virtues and limitations of surveillance in @entity1062 are discussed, and it is concluded that routine postorchiectomy XRT is the treatment of choice.

title: XXXX : rationale for postorchiectomy radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder, kidney, liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage I seminoma', 'testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord involvement']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['testis', 'Stage I testicular seminoma']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral herniorrhaphy']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['Stage I testicular seminoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the treatment results and prognostic factors that might affect local control and survival in @entity1 receiving radiotherapy for oral @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 32 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ; mean age 62 years; range 26 to 90 years) who received radiotherapy for oral @entity5 . All the @entity1 had @entity957 , which involved the tongue in 15 @entity1 (46.9%) and the lower lip in 13 @entity1 (40.6%). Most of the @entity1 (n=21, 65.7%) had T1 or T2 @entity5 . Neck lymph nodes were positive in 11 @entity1 (34.4%). Fifteen @entity1 had early stage (stage I, II), 17 @entity1 had advanced stage (stage III, IV) @entity5 . Sixteen @entity1 received primary radiotherapy and 16 @entity1 received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy, with doses ranging from 5000 cGy to 7000 cGy. The mean follow-up period was 68 months (range 5 to 147 months). RESULTS: Two-year and five-year survival rates were 53% and 39%, respectively. Age, sex, @entity5 differentiation, and the total radiotherapy dose were not found to affect survival (p>0.05), whereas @entity5 size, positive lymph nodes, stage, and treatment modality were found as significant prognostic factors (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data show that @entity5 size, lymph node involvement, stage, and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy are significant parameters that affect survival in oral @entity5 .

title: [Prognostic factors and survival rates in oral XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cavity cancers', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cavity cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors studied mortality, vascular events, and preventive therapies following @entity385 among adults aged > or =65 years. METHODS: The authors identified 546 subjects with first @entity385 during 1989 to 2001 among Cardiovascular Health Study @entity1 . Deaths, recurrent @entity64 , and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) events were identified over 3.2 years (median) follow-up. RESULTS: During the first year of follow-up, rates were 105.4/1,000 for recurrent @entity64 and 59.3/1,000 for @entity301 . After the first year, the @entity64 rate was 52.0/1,000 and the @entity301 rate was 46.5/1,000. @entity64 had the highest mortality (185.4/1,000) and recurrence rates (86.6/1,000). @entity64 had the lowest mortality (119.3/1,000) and recurrence rates (43.0/1,000). Age and male sex predicted @entity204 and @entity301 , but not recurrence. Outcomes did not differ by race. Following @entity64 , 47.8% used @entity117 and 13.5% used other antiplatelet agents; 52.6% of @entity1 with @entity955 used @entity1229 ; 31.3% of hyperlipidemic subjects, 57.0% of @entity6 @entity1 , and 81.5% of @entity101 @entity1 were drug-treated; and 40.0% of @entity101 @entity1 had blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mm Hg. Older subjects were less likely to use lipid-lowering therapy, @entity1 were less likely to have BP <140/90 mm Hg, and low-income subjects were less likely to use @entity6 medications. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent @entity64 were nearly twice as frequent as @entity301 ( @entity301 ) events during the first year after @entity64 , but @entity64 and @entity301 rates were similar after the first year. Preventive drug therapies were underused, which may reflect clinical uncertainty due to the lack of clinical trials among the elderly. Utilization was lower among the oldest @entity1 , @entity1 , and low-income individuals.

title: Vascular events, mortality, and preventive therapy following XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Lacunar strokes', 'strokes', 'initial stroke', 'Cardioembolic strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e11526 Background: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 in females. Most of the @entity1 present in advanced stage of the disease. Primary therapy in these @entity1 remains surgery but it is usually not possible due to advanced nature of presentation in our population. Data is deficient for most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, @entity900 and @entity632 , to be used as neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in this set of @entity1 . We evaluated the role of @entity900 and @entity632 in @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: In this retrospective study we reviewed fifty @entity0 @entity1 treated with @entity900 (60 mg/m(2)) and @entity632 (50 mg/m(2)). The @entity1 were evaluated for whether surgery was possible in these @entity1 . The primary end point was to assess the response to therapy and whether surgical resection was possible. RESULTS: @entity1 received three to six cycles (Median=5) of @entity632 and @entity900 chemotherapy. All @entity1 tolerated chemotherapy regimen well with no documented chemotherapy related mortality. Four (8%) @entity1 showed complete response, thirty four (68%) @entity1 showed partial response, five (10%) had stable disease and seven (14%) @entity1 had disease progression. Thirty seven (72%) @entity1 underwent surgery after initial chemotherapy. Thirty four (92%) of them underwent modified radical mastectomy and toilet mastectomy was done in three (8%) @entity1 . Thirteen (26%) @entity1 were further treated by other chemotherapy regimen. Thirty three (89%) of the @entity1 having done surgery also received locoregional radiation therapy. Five @entity1 (22%) out of twenty three tested were positive for @entity5282 and received @entity440 after completion of radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with combination of @entity632 and @entity900 seems to be effecting in down staging the @entity0 and rendering surgery possible. A randomized trial comparing with standard regimen will be more appropriate to define the optimum use of this regimen in routine practice.

title: Neoadjuvant @entity900 and @entity632 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'locally advanced breast cancer', 'LABC']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['locally advanced breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Many severe @entity64 are preceded by warning signs such as a transient @entity385 with @entity51 . Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) of a symptomatic @entity543 can prevent future @entity64 , but should be performed within 2 weeks after the initial symptom to maximize the benefit. The aim of this study was to determine the time delays between symptom and CEA. METHODS: We performed a single center observational retrospective study at a tertiary @entity64 center. A total of 142 carotids in 139 @entity1 with symptomatic stenoses between 2002 and 2006 were included. The main outcome measure was time between qualifying cerebrovascular symptom and CEA. RESULTS: The median time between symptom and CEA was 26 days. The longest delays were between the last diagnostic examination and carotid conference, and between carotid conference and surgery. The median time was shorter for those who received emergency medical care (median 21 days) and for those who were admitted immediately to hospital (median 20 days). CONCLUSIONS: The time between symptom and surgery is often longer than desirable. There are several measures to improve the chain of procedures for @entity1 with @entity543 . These may include omitting the formal carotid conference for uncomplicated cases and minimizing waiting time for surgery.

title: Time delay between symptom and surgery in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['minor deficits']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack or stroke']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity131 represents a significant cause of mortality and permanent disability in the adult population. @entity6477 is one of the conditions most strongly associated with severe @entity1545 . Knowledge on the natural history of the illness and the outcome of @entity1 conservatively managed may help the neurosurgeon in the decision-making process. METHODS: We prospectively analysed 27 @entity1 with age ranges 15-90 years, in whom a CT scan diagnosis of acute subdural haematoma was made, and in whom craniotomy for evacuation was not initially performed, to the neurosurgery department of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad (2008-2011). @entity1 with deranged @entity548 profile, anticoagulant therapy, @entity409 , any other associated @entity1504 , such as @entity131 , as shown on CT, were excluded from this study. All @entity1 were followed by serial CT scans, and a neurological assessment was done. RESULTS: There were 18 male and 9 female @entity1 , @entity194 was present in over half of the sample. In 22 of our @entity1 , the acute subdural haematoma resolved spontaneously, without evidence of damage to the underlying brain, as shown by CT or neurological findings. Four @entity1 subsequently required burr hole drainage for @entity6087 . In each of these @entity1 , haematoma thickness was greater than 10 mm. The mean delay between @entity130 in this group was 15-21 days. Among these @entity1 1 @entity1 required craniotomy for haematoma removal due to @entity16 . CONCLUSION: Certain conscious @entity1 with small acute subdural haematomas, without mass effect on CT, may be safely managed conservatively, but due to high risk of these acute subdural haematoma changing into @entity6087 these @entity1 should be reinvestigated in case of @entity16 .

title: Frequency of conservatively managed traumatic acute subdural haematoma changing into XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral contusions', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural haematoma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['Acute subdural haematoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and operation']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['chronic subdural haematoma']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are known to be of crucial importance in host- @entity5 interactions. The goal of this study was to determine whether there was an increase in @entity1879 expression in a @entity1 suffering from unresectable @entity157 treated with percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Immediately before RF ablation, a computed tomography (CT)-guided core needle biopsy (diameter, 18 gauge) was obtained from the @entity5 . The RF ablation was then performed using a saline-perfused RF ablation system (diameter of RF electrode, 15 gauge; ablation time, 10 min). Twenty-four hours after @entity5 ablation, core needle biopsy was repeated, and biopsy specimens were obtained from the @entity41 margin visible on contrast-enhanced CT. For both procedures, no side effects or clinically relevant complications were observed. The specimens were mapped by immunohistochemistry, determining the cellular expression of @entity2285 and @entity4041 . After RF ablation, in the cytoplasm and at the @entity5 cell surface, an 8-fold increase in @entity2285 and a 1.2-fold increase in @entity4041 was observed, respectively. In the cell nucleus, the @entity4041 expression before RF ablation was 10%, and decreased to 0% after RF ablation. We have demonstrated that, following RF ablation, cellular expression of @entity2285 and @entity4041 in @entity157 is increased. We further suggest that routing of @entity4041 from the nucleus to the cell surface occurred after RF ablation. This may be of relevance in further therapeutic anti- @entity5 strategies.

title: XXXX protein expression induced by percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of @entity157 in vivo.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat shock']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We evaluated the treatment of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the nasal vestibule. Eighty-six @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy (RT) and 13 @entity1 received surgery and RT. The mean follow-up was: 9.7  years (range 4  months-35.9  years). The 5- and 10-year outcomes were: local control (LC), 88 and 82  %; local-regional control (LRC), 78 and 73  %; freedom from distant metastases (FFDM), 96 and 96  %; cause-specific survival (CSS), 91 and 86  %; and overall survival, 75 and 51  %. The 5- and 10-year LC rates for @entity1 treated with RT were 94 and 89  % overall. A multivariate analysis was performed. @entity5 size predicted LC, LRC, @entity3012 , and CSS. Overall stage predicted LRC. RT cures most @entity1 with T1-T2 and favorable T4 SCCs with acceptable @entity137 . RT and surgery result in improved likelihood of cure for @entity1 with advanced T4 lesions.

title: Radiation therapy for nasal XXXX : a 40-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['vestibule squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The usual approach for using single base pair polymorphisms (SNPs) for the investigation of the genetics of @entity146 is to examine a single diagnostic syndrome or personality trait based on variables relating to a cluster of behavioral symptoms. However, since some of these variables may address behaviors that are associated with one allele while others are associated with the other allele, the overall association may be non-significant and significant sub-syndromal associations may be missed. Thus, we have reversed the process in a technique we term a "line item" approach. As a test of the technique we have examined the association between genotypes of a @entity6993 -1291 Msp I promotor SNP of the @entity23510 gene and 390 individual symptoms from a structured review of DSM-IV criteria for twelve different groups of symptoms. We examined 334 individuals consisting of controls and subjects with @entity4676 ( @entity4676 ). Based on the mean scores for each genotype, those symptoms that were individually significant at alpha < or = 0.05 fell into three major groups by mode of inheritance: allele 1 codominant (11 > 12 > 22), allele 2 codominant (22 > 12 > 11), and negative heterosis (12 < 11, 22). Within each mode of inheritance group, the number of symptoms that were significant for the twelve symptom clusters was compared by chi-square analysis. This showed that symptoms were drawn from the diagnostic groups in a significantly non-random fashion. Thus, the allele 1 codominant symptoms came from the @entity148 , affective, schizoid, and somatization diagnostic groups (internalizing symptoms) (chi(2) = 80.0, d.f. = 11, P < or = 0.0000001), while the allele 2 codominant symptoms came from the @entity71 and @entity952 diagnostic groups (externalizing symptoms) (chi(2) = 81.0, d.f. = 11, P < or = 0.0000001). The questions that fell in the negative heterosis type of inheritance were not significantly associated with specific diagnostic groups (P = 0.87). These results showed that the @entity23510 gene was associated with symptoms of autonomic, sympathetic dysfunction from different diagnostic groups. The advantages of the "line item" approach include (a) the identification of the symptoms associated with each allele, (b) the identification of symptom clusters independent of DSM diagnoses, (c) the elucidation of heterosis and other mode of inheritance effects, (d) the distinction between an association with a @entity74 versus a @entity74 , (e) the identification of associations with @entity751 that do meet full DSM-IV criteria, and (f) the identification of symptom clusters across databases.

title: A "line item" approach to the identification of genes involved in XXXX : the @entity23510 ( @entity23510 ) gene.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['primary disorder', 'comorbid disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant/conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['sub-syndromal symptom clusters']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['polygenic behavioral disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) in @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity1 admitted with @entity583 and to determine whether @entity2289 activity influences reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy. DESIGN: Prospective study of @entity1 admitted with @entity583 . SETTING: District general hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reperfusion assessed by time to peak release of @entity908 kinase-MB isoenzyme. RESULTS: Baseline @entity2289 activity and antigen concentrations were significantly higher in @entity6 @entity1 (n = 45) than in non- @entity6 @entity1 (n = 110) (24.6 (6.9) v 18.6 (7.9) AU/ml (AU = arbitrary units) (p = 0.0001) and 58.8 (13.1-328.8) v 41.0 (10.9-125.4) ng/ml (p = 0.004). Time to peak release of @entity908 kinase-MB was calculated in 123 (80%) @entity1 . In 98 who received thrombolytic therapy the median time to peak enzyme release was 15.5 h (7.5-24 h) in @entity6 @entity1 (n = 26) and 12 h (5-26 h) in non- @entity6 @entity1 (n = 72) (p = 0.005). In those with a time to peak release of < or = 12 h, indicating likely successful reperfusion, @entity2289 activity was 17.5 (7.8) AU/ml compared with 22.8 (7.7) AU/ml in those with a time to peak release of > 12 h (p = 0.001). In multiple regression analysis both @entity6 (p = 0.0001) and @entity2289 activity at admission (p = 0.029) were independently related to successful reperfusion. In 13 @entity1 with evidence of reinfarction in hospital @entity2289 activity on day 3 was 26.7 (6.4) AU/ml compared with 21.7 (6.3) AU/ml in those without evidence of reinfarction (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION: Both raised @entity2289 activity on admission and @entity6 were associated with a reduced likelihood of enzymatic evidence of reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy. Increased @entity2289 activity on day 3 was associated with an increased risk of reinfarction. @entity6 @entity1 had higher @entity2289 activity on admission. This may partly explain their reduced likelihood of reperfusion.

title: Enzymatic evidence of impaired reperfusion in @entity6 @entity1 after thrombolytic therapy for XXXX : a role for plasminogen activator inhibitor?

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite advantages in terms of @entity5 control and organ preservation, the benefits of chemotherapy and @entity1161 (CTRT) may be offset by potentially severe treatment-related @entity137 , particularly in older @entity1 . The objectives of this study were to assess the types and frequencies of @entity137 in older adults with locally or regionally advanced @entity213 ( @entity213 ) who were receiving either primary CTRT or @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) alone. METHODS: With Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results @entity5 registry data linked with Medicare claims, @entity1 who were 66 years old or older with locally advanced @entity213 , were diagnosed from 2001 to 2009, and received CTRT or @entity1161 alone were identified. Differences in the frequency of @entity137 -related hospital admissions and emergency room visits as well as feeding tube use were examined, and controlling for @entity66 characteristics, this study estimated the impact of chemotherapy on the likelihood of @entity137 . RESULTS: Among @entity1 who received CTRT (n   =   1502), 62% had a treatment-related @entity137 , whereas 46% of @entity1 who received @entity1161 alone (n   =   775) did. When the study controlled for @entity66 characteristics, CTRT @entity1 were twice as likely to experience an acute @entity137 in comparison with their @entity1161 -only peers. Fifty-five percent of CTRT @entity1 had a feeding tube placed during or after treatment, whereas 28% of the @entity1161 -only group did. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based cohort of older adults with @entity213 , the rates of acute @entity137 and feeding tube use in @entity1 receiving CTRT were considerable. It is possible that for certain older @entity1 , the potential benefit of adding chemotherapy to @entity1161 does not outweigh the harms of this combined-modality therapy. @entity5 2015.    2015 American @entity5 Society. @entity5 2015;121:2083-2089.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Treatment-related XXXX in older adults with head and neck cancer: A population-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['demographic and disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The psychological importance of subjective well-being for a healthy life has been well recognized. It is also well known that @entity308 have a negative effect on subjective well-being. The aim of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to assess the subjective well-being status of a group of primary healthcare @entity1 in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, personal health and mood-status. METHODS: A total of 284 @entity1 participated in the study. The Oxford Happiness Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, DASS-42 ( @entity308 , @entity148 and Stress Scales-42) and a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics were completed by the @entity1 . RESULTS: In general, the @entity1 were found to be moderately happy and satisfied with their lives. They had mild levels of @entity308 , @entity148 and stress. In terms of happiness, an older age (>= 40 years), educated to secondary level or higher and not having @entity308 or @entity148 were found to be factors increasing happiness. In terms of life satisfaction, female gender, an older age (>= 40 years), educated to secondary level or higher, being single and not having @entity308 were found to increase life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Primary healthcare providers should give more importance to the mood status of their @entity1 . Screening for @entity308 and @entity148 should be applied at the primary healthcare level because negative mood status is more important than some socio-demographic characteristics in respect of unhappiness and dissatisfaction.

title: Subjective Well-Being among Primary Health Care XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive and anxiety disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity409 ) is a common condition, leading to severe complications, including death. Treatments for @entity102 are scarce. The aim of our study was to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with surface electrical stimulation (e-stim) at sensory and motor intensities in @entity1 with @entity102 . METHODS: Twenty chronic poststroke @entity1 with @entity409 were randomly assigned to (i) sensory e-stim (treatment intensity: 75% of motor threshold) or (ii) motor e-stim (treatment intensity: motor threshold). @entity1 were treated during 10  days, 1  h/day. Videofluoroscopy was performed at the beginning and end of the study to assess signs of impaired efficacy and safety of swallow and timing of swallow response. KEY RESULTS: @entity1 presented advanced age (74.95      2.18), 75% were @entity1 . The mean days poststroke was 336.26      89.6. After sensory stimulation, the number of unsafe swallows was reduced by 66.7% (p  <  0.001), the laryngeal vestibule closure time by 22.94% (p  =  0.027) and maximal vertical hyoid extension time by 18.6% (p  =  0.036). After motor stimulation, the number of unsafe swallows was reduced by 62.5% (p  =  0.002), the laryngeal vestibule closure time by 38.26% (p  =  0.009) and maximal vertical hyoid extension time by 24.8% (p  =  0.008). Moreover, the motor stimulus reduced the pharyngeal residue by 66.7% (p  =  0.002), the upper esophageal sphincter opening time by 39.39% (p  =  0.009), and increased bolus propulsion force by 211.1% (p  =  0.008). No serious adverse events were detected during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Surface e-stim is a safe and effective treatment for chronic poststroke dysphagic @entity1 .

title: Effect of surface sensory and motor electrical stimulation on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic poststroke OD', 'Chronic poststroke oropharyngeal dysfunction']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic poststroke oropharyngeal dysfunction']


abstract: We investigated the influence of self-paced, phasic @entity717 on the excitability of the ipsilateral motor cortex. Single- and paired-pulse @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) was applied to the right motor cortex triggered by EMG onset of self-paced movements of individual right hand fingers at intervals ranging from 13 to 2,000 ms. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were evaluated in several left arm muscles. Significant suppression of MEP amplitudes was observed when @entity9808 was applied between 35 and 70 ms after EMG onset. This inhibition was diffuse, affecting "adjacent" muscles (those near the homologous muscle in the same extremity) as well as homologous muscles, but more inhibition was observed in adjacent and distal muscles than homologous and proximal muscles. Significant inhibition of ipsilateral motor cortex was produced by index finger movements (both the extensor indicis proprius and the first dorsal interosseus), but not by little finger movement (the abductor digiti minimi). @entity9808 (at 2- and 10-ms interstimulus intervals) showed a significant increase in intracortical facilitation (ICF) selectively in the homologous muscle when triggered by self-paced movement of the opposite hand, but no change was observed in intracortical inhibition. When stimulation was triggered by self-paced movements, the silent period of the homologous muscle was significantly shortened, but the F-wave and compound muscle action potential were unchanged. Our findings demonstrate that @entity717 exerts an inhibitory influence on a diffuse area of the ipsilateral motor cortex. This inhibitory influence is both time and movement dependent. The inhibitory influence is nonselective, while the facilitatory influence (enhancing ICF) appears to act selectively on the homologous muscles. These effects are most likely mediated by a transcallosal pathway.

title: Excitability of the ipsilateral motor cortex during phasic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary hand movement']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['Paired-pulse TMS', 'TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['voluntary hand movement']


abstract: Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) has become the procedure of choice for permanent therapy of @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ). This report presents our experience with atrio-ventricular node (AVN) modification in @entity1 with documented narrow complex reentrant SVT, but no evidence for an accessory pathway, and no inducible @entity591 during invasive electrophysiology (EP) study. METHODS: The study population consists of nine @entity1 , age range 6-13 years (median 9) with previously documented SVT who had no @entity591 inducible during EP study (at baseline and following @entity3044 infusion). Eight of the 9 EP studies were performed under general anesthesia, and one under conscious sedation. An accessory pathway was excluded in all @entity1 by appropriate atrial and ventricular extrastimulus pacing techniques. Eight of the nine @entity1 had dual @entity713 nodal physiology, and one had single @entity713 nodal echo beats. The slow @entity713 nodal pathway was empirically ablated, by applying @entity75 in the right inferoseptal @entity713 groove, achieving catheter tip temperature of 50 degrees C. The appearance of an accelerated junctional rhythm during RF application was deemed to denote a successful application site. @entity713 conduction during RF application was confirmed by incremental atrial pacing. The catheter position, and its relation to the compact @entity713 node was constantly monitored using the LocaLisa navigation system. The end-point was absence of dual AVN physiology, and/or @entity713 nodal echo beats. RESULTS: Successful slow pathway ablation was achieved in all @entity1 . One @entity1 appeared to have two separate slow pathways with different locations and two @entity3798 , which were both successfully ablated. None of the @entity1 had evidence of temporary or permanent @entity713 block at follow-up (median duration 9 months, range 4 to 36 months); none has had recurrence of symptoms or documented @entity591 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with structurally normal hearts, a previously documented SVT, absence of an accessory pathway and noninducibility of SVT during EP study, empirical slow pathway ablation appears to be justified.

title: Slow pathway ablation in @entity1 with documented reentrant supraventricular XXXX not inducible during invasive electrophysiologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['AVNRT', 'atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['RF lesions']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']