abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and patterns of @entity13256 following motorcycle @entity130 . DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: Yorkshire Region @entity130 Units (Level 1 @entity130 centers with @entity130 research). @entity1 : Individuals injured in motorcycle road traffic accidents between January 1993 and December 1999. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 demographics, protective devices (helmet) use, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS), clinical details, therapeutic interventions, resuscitation requirements, duration of hospital stay, mortality, and type of @entity13256 sustained. RESULTS: The parent population of 1239 contained 53 (4.3%) foot-injured motorcyclists (49 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 31.7 years (range 18-79 years). Fifty-two were drivers and one was a rear-seat passenger. Mean ISS was 6.9 (range 4-33), significantly lower than the parent population mean of 34.98 (range 9-75) (P = 0.001). Mean GCS was 14.7 (range 13-15). The motorcyclists' @entity130 included 26 metatarsal @entity174 (49.1%), 14 @entity174 (26.4%), 7 os calcis @entity174 (13.2%), and 6 toe @entity174 (11.3%). Associated @entity13256 included three partial foot amputations, four @entity3029 , three cases of foot compartment syndrome (two crush @entity130 with no @entity174 , one open fourth metatarsal @entity174 with associated @entity3029 ). Forty-six motorcyclists had more than one @entity13256 . Associated @entity130 included 22 @entity1171 (41.5%), 15 @entity174 (28.3%), 6 femoral @entity174 (11.3%), 5 pelvic ring @entity174 (9.4%), 23 @entity3140 (43.4%), and 3 cases of @entity764 (5.7%). No one sustained @entity1661 or @entity542 compared with the parent population. All @entity1 required operative stabilization of foot @entity174 , including their associated @entity130 . Mean hospital stay was 10.9 days (range 1-35 days). In the parent population, there were 71 deaths (6.0%), whereas there was only 1 death (1.9%) in the foot-injured group (with @entity174 including open book pelvic, T6-8, unilateral open femur, tibial, ankle, and metatarsal) with an ISS 33, who died of @entity409 . At final follow-up, all @entity1 underwent radiologic and clinical assessment of @entity13256 . Forty-three @entity1 returned to their previous occupation and level of mobility. Ten of the more significantly injured @entity1 had to modify their occupation from manual to @entity14783 due to their @entity13256 . We noted a pattern of complex ipsilateral foot and @entity130 in nine @entity1 , which we postulate was due to the actual mechanism of contact with the road surface. CONCLUSION: Motorcycle accidents continue to be a source of severe @entity130 , especially to the foot. The most common @entity13256 is a metatarsal @entity174 ; however, there must be a high index of suspicion for associated @entity130 . Although these @entity130 are associated with a low mortality rate, they require prompt assessment and treatment to limit long-term morbidity and disability. The difference in @entity13256 pattern and mortality between the parent population and our series, among other factors, potentially may be influenced by the actual mechanism of contact with the road surface and the modifying action of the foot during the accident.

title: Prevalence and patterns of XXXX following motorcycle @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14783 :: ('MESH:D007589', 'Disease') :: ['sedentary-type jobs']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibial fractures', 'talar fractures', 'fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb injuries']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity13256 :: ('MESH:D018409', 'Disease') :: ['foot injury', 'foot injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['limb injury', 'Trauma', 'injury', 'trauma', 'injuries']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['Lisfranc dislocation', 'Lisfranc dislocations']

answer: @entity13256 :: (MESH:D018409,Disease) :: ['foot injuries']


abstract: It is an established procedure to use @entity6086 [ @entity15383 ] as a therapeutic component to achieve sterilization of infected root canals. Unfortunately, some bacterial species are relatively resistant to @entity15383 and are therefore associated with treatment failures. The objective of this study was to identify combinations of substances that improve antimicrobial activity. @entity15383 was used as a suspension or as a component of gutta-percha points. Efficacy of killing was compared for (a) @entity15383 suspension alone; (b) @entity1947 ( @entity1948 ) points alone; (c) @entity15383 suspension combined with @entity1948 points; (d) @entity15383 suspension combined with @entity1948 / @entity1216 points; and (e) @entity15383 points combined with @entity1948 / @entity1216 points. Common endodontopathogenic bacterial species ( @entity797 , @entity8209 , Peptostreptococcus micros, @entity2523 , @entity8210 ) in pure cultures served as target organisms. In the in vitro assay, the antibacterial substances and approximately 10(7) colony forming units of test bacteria were co-incubated in diluted human serum under growth conditions appropriate for the single bacterial species. Samples were taken on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 of incubation and viable counts determined. Gram-negative bacteria were sufficiently killed by @entity15383 alone. Combinations with other agents did not improve the killing kinetics. For the inactivation of the Gram-positive bacteria P. micros and @entity2868 , a combination of @entity15383 and @entity1948 / @entity1216 , killed the bacteria faster than @entity15383 alone. For @entity797 , combining @entity15383 suspension with @entity1948 / @entity1216 points lead to a faster @entity393 , but no test conditions lead to the complete loss of culture viability. The results of this study support the use of a combination of @entity15383 and @entity1216 for faster eradication of P. micros and @entity2868 from infected root canals.

title: Additive antimicrobial activity of @entity6086 and XXXX on common endodontic bacterial pathogens.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['S. intermedius']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity8210 :: ('1338', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus intermedius']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in the overall number of viable bacteria']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We aimed to simultaneously investigate the effects of topical anesthesia on needle insertion and injection @entity158 in the labial mucosa of the maxillary central incisors of @entity1 awaiting apical surgery and to assess the relationship between @entity1 ' @entity148 and @entity158 scores. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 scheduled for apical surgery of the maxillary anterior incisor or @entity235 were included, and all completed the Modified Dental @entity148 Scale (MDAS) questionnaire. One piece of @entity3303 (AstraZeneca, Sodertalje, Sweden) gauze was applied to the right or left side of the labial vestibule below the central incisor according to a randomization process, and 1 piece of water gauze was applied to the contralateral side of the labial vestibule. Each piece of gauze remained in place for 2 minutes. The subjects were asked to rate their @entity158 according to the numeric rating scale immediately after needle insertion and anesthetic solution injection. RESULTS: Topical anesthetic application significantly reduced both insertion- and injection-related @entity158 . Injection @entity158 was significantly higher than insertion @entity158 throughout the experiment. The difference in @entity158 scores between the placebo and topical anesthetic groups was significantly greater for insertion @entity158 than injection @entity158 . The group with higher MDAS scores showed significantly higher @entity158 scores, except for insertion @entity158 reported by the topical anesthetic group, which did not show a significant difference between MDAS score groups. CONCLUSIONS: The topical anesthetic was highly effective for both insertion and injection @entity158 during infiltration anesthesia in the maxillary central incisors. Highly anxious @entity1 reported higher @entity158 scores; however, topical anesthetics reduced the effect of @entity148 on increasing @entity158 .

title: Effect of Topical Anesthesia on Pain from Needle Insertion and Injection and Its Relationship with @entity148 in XXXX Awaiting Apical Surgery: A  Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Xylocaine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The most appropriate treatment for @entity1 with @entity8 is controversial. Treatment with @entity617 , @entity500 , heparin- @entity1229 , and @entity4341 early in the course of disease may prevent @entity8 in @entity1 with severe @entity8 . To determine whether similar results can be obtained with a combination of just heparin- @entity1229 and @entity4341 , the effects of such treatment were compared to those of treatment with @entity617 , @entity500 , heparin- @entity1229 , and @entity4341 in 78 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity8 showing @entity7622 . The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity617 , @entity500 , heparin- @entity1229 , and @entity4341 for 2 yr (group 1) or heparin- @entity1229 and @entity4341 for 2 yr (group 2). All of the 40 @entity1 in group 1 and 34 of the 38 @entity1 in group 2 completed the trial. The mean urinary protein excretion fell in group 1 @entity1 (P < 0.0001), but remained unchanged in group 2 @entity1 . The mean serum IgA concentration was reduced in group 1 @entity1 (P = 0.0002), but was unchanged in group 2 @entity1 . BP and @entity1011 clearance were normal at the end of the trial in all but one group 2 @entity1 , who developed @entity740 . The percentage of @entity1463 was unchanged in group 1 @entity1 , but increased in group 2 @entity1 (P = 0.006). The intensity of mesangial IgA deposits decreased in group 1 @entity1 (P = 0.02), but remained unchanged in group 2 @entity1 . In conclusion, the present study shows that treatment of @entity1 with severe @entity8 with @entity617 , @entity500 , heparin- @entity1229 , and @entity4341 for 2 yr early in the course of disease reduces @entity8 and prevents increase of sclerosed glomeruli.

title: A controlled trial of combined therapy for newly diagnosed severe childhood @entity8 . The Japanese XXXX Treatment Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'immunologic renal injury']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['glomeruli showing sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse mesangial proliferation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Pediatric IgA Nephropathy']


abstract: This study reports on a clinical investigation of a Dutch family that shows suggestive linkage to @entity63296 . Cross-sectional as well as longitudinal analyses of audiometric data were performed. Also, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) images of the temporal bones from genetically affected family members were obtained to study the incidence and extent of otospongiotic foci. Audiometric data showed a considerable degree of phenotypic variability. Cross-sectional regression analysis did not show age-dependent progression of bone conduction (BC), air conduction (AC), and air-bone gap (ABG) levels. Longitudinal analysis of audiometric follow-up data of one family member showed age-dependent progression of AC, BC, and ABG levels. High-resolution CT images revealed an otospongiotic focus in six of six (100%) clinically affected individuals that carried the disease haplotype. In none of the clinically unaffected family members that showed linkage to @entity63296 , an otospongiotic focus was detected by CT. In conclusion, @entity393 in the present @entity8719 family seems to be variable in terms of onset age and level of progression. Long-term audiometric data of one @entity1 proved to be valuable in understanding progression of @entity393 in this individual. The detection rate of otospongiotic foci in our study group is similar compared to previous reports on CT data in consecutive @entity8719 @entity1 who had stapes replacing surgery.

title: Phenotype description of a @entity8719 family with suggestive linkage to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

answer: @entity63296 :: (399516,Gene) :: ['OTSC7']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscles. However, the effect of exercise on substrate oxidation is less clear in @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 subjects than in lean subjects. We investigated glucose and lipid metabolism and gene expression after 48 h with low-frequency @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ), as an in vitro model of exercise, in cultured myotubes established from lean nondiabetic subjects and severely @entity28 subjects (BMI >=  40 kg/m(2)) with and without @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity8425 induced an @entity1720 but did not improve lipid oxidation in myotubes from severely @entity28 subjects. Thus, @entity8425 -induced @entity1720 and lipid oxidation were positively and negatively correlated to BMI of the subjects, respectively. @entity8425 enhanced oxidative capacity of glucose in myotubes from all subjects. Furthermore, @entity8425 reduced mRNA expression of slow fiber- @entity164 marker ( @entity9741 ) in myotubes from @entity6 subjects; however, the protein expression of this marker was not significantly affected by @entity8425 in either of the donor groups. On the contrary, mRNA levels of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity687 were unaffected by @entity8425 in myotubes from @entity6 subjects, while @entity650 mRNA expression was increased in myotubes from nondiabetic subjects. @entity8425 -stimulated mRNA expression levels of @entity9741 , @entity650 , and @entity687 correlated negatively with subjects' HbA1c and/or fasting plasma glucose, suggesting an effect linked to the @entity6 phenotype. Taken together, these data show that myotubes from different donor groups respond differently to @entity8425 , suggesting that this effect may reflect the in vivo characteristics of the donor groups.

title: Myotubes from lean and severely @entity28 subjects with and without @entity164 2 XXXX respond differently to an in vitro model of exercise.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['electrical pulse stimulation', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increases in insulin sensitivity', 'increase in insulin sensitivity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of @entity281 in Brunei and to determine the predominant serotype circulating in the country. The study generated useful epidemiological data on @entity281 in Brunei. A total of 271 samples from @entity1 suspected of having @entity281 were selected and analyzed. All @entity1 were seen in clinics and hospitals in Brunei. The samples were collected from April 2005 to April 2006 and transported to the WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research, University of Malaya, Malaysia. The following tests were used to achieve the objectives: in-house IgM-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, virus isolation in mosquito albopictus cell line (C6/36), and viral RNA detection and serotyping by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results show that 45 @entity1 were positive for dengue-specific IgM (27 males and 18 females), while RT-PCR detected dengue viral RNA in 12 @entity1 , 3 identified as @entity12537 as DEN-2. @entity778 was isolated from 6 @entity1 using the C6/36 cell line; 3 were DEN-2 isolates and 3 were @entity12537 isolates. These data show that dengue virus is circulating in Brunei and the predominant infecting serotype for that period was DEN-2 followed by @entity12537 . This study is the first to report the detection and isolation of dengue virus from Brunei using RT-PCR and culture in the C6/36 albopictus mosquito cell line.

title: A preliminary study of XXXX in Brunei.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infections', 'dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue virus']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['dengue infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates the toxic effects of various endocrine disrupting chemicals. In female @entity19 , global deletion of the Ahr (AhrKO) results in slow growth of ovarian antral follicles. No studies, however, have examined whether injection of the Ahr restores the phenotypes of cultured AhrKO ovarian antral follicles to wild-type levels. METHODS: We developed a system to construct a recombinant adenovirus containing the Ahr to re-express the Ahr in AhrKO granulosa cells and whole antral follicles. We then compared follicle growth and levels of factors in the AHR signaling pathway (Ahr, @entity64887 , @entity21382 , and @entity36641 ) in wild-type, AhrKO, and Ahr re-expressed follicles. Further, we compared the response to @entity1300 ( @entity1300 ) in wild-type, AhrKO, and Ahr re-expressed follicles. RESULTS: Ahr injection into AhrKO follicles partially restored their growth pattern to wild-type levels. Further, Ahr re-expressed follicles had significantly higher levels of Ahr, @entity64887 , @entity21382 , and @entity36641 compared to wild-type follicles. Upon @entity1300 treatment, only @entity21382 levels were significantly higher in Ahr re-expressed follicles compared to the levels in wild-type follicles. CONCLUSION: Our system of re-expression of the Ahr partially restores follicle growth and transcript levels of factors in the AHR signaling pathway to wild-type levels.

title: In vitro re-expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) in cultured Ahr-deficient @entity19 antral follicles partially restores the phenotype to that of cultured wild-type XXXX follicles.

entities_list: @entity1300 :: ('MESH:D013749', 'Chemical') :: ['TCDD', '2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Indigenous Australians have greater @entity64 mortality rates than non-Indigenous @entity1 (97% Indigenous Australians are aged <65 years). Quality of care in hospital is an important factor for avoiding @entity204 and disability. No national review of @entity64 for Indigenous Australians is available. AIMS: We aimed to compare adherence with clinical processes and outcomes among Indigenous and non-Indigenous @entity1 with @entity64 admitted to hospital. METHODS: Hospitals participating in the National @entity64 Audit of acute services in 2009 that provided data for at least one Indigenous @entity1 were included (n = 33, 37%). Differences in @entity204 /dependency (modified Rankin Score 3-6) at discharge were determined using two-level multivariate analysis adjusting for hospital site and @entity1 variables. A matched subgroup analysis in those aged 18 to 64 years was also undertaken. RESULTS: Among 1162 eligible @entity1 (60% male; 18-64 years n = 305), 7% were Indigenous (18-64 years: 18%). Indigenous @entity1 had a greater prevalence of @entity64 risk factors, e.g. @entity6 , more had @entity1779 (25% vs. 16% non-Indigenous, P = 0.05), and were less likely be treated in a @entity64 unit and receive timely allied health assessments than non-Indigenous @entity1 . Indigenous @entity1 aged 18-64 years had a threefold odds of dying or being dependent at discharge (Adjusted odds ratio = 3.09, 95% confidence interval = 1.07-8.95). CONCLUSIONS: Australian Indigenous @entity1 with @entity64 received a reduced quality of care in hospitals and experienced worse outcomes than non-Indigenous @entity1 . Indigenous @entity1 require the provision of evidence-based care to increase their opportunities for optimal health outcomes following @entity64 . Further research to explain the differences is needed.

title: Hospital management and outcomes of @entity64 in Indigenous Australians: evidence from the 2009 Acute Care National XXXX Audit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke care', 'stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Sproutys (Sprys) are downstream targets and negative feedback regulators of the FGF-Ras- @entity13436 signaling pathway. Our previous studies have shown that @entity64272 and @entity64273 , through negative modulation of FGF- @entity13436 signaling, allow lens vesicle separation from the overlying ectoderm and regulate corneal epithelial proliferation. Here we show that @entity64272 and @entity64273 are necessary for eyelid closure. @entity19 palpebral conjunctival epithelial cells that differentiate as inner eyelids and adjacent mesenchymal cells express @entity64272 and @entity64273 prior to eyelid closure. Conditional deletion of both @entity64272 and @entity64273 , but not either one alone, in the ocular surface epithelial cells result in the "EOB" ( @entity735 at birth) phenotype suggesting redundant roles for these proteins during eyelid closure. Spry mutant eyelids show increased proliferation of conjunctival epithelial cells with concomitant induction of FGF targets, Erm, @entity26229 and @entity64274 and elevated @entity13436 phosphorylation. Peridermal cells at the leading edge of Spry-mutant eyelids showed reduced @entity9829 , but not @entity13436 , phosphorylation, reduced F-actin polymerization and reduced motility in vitro. Spry mutant eyelids also showed disruptions in epithelial mesenchymal interactions reflected in the enhanced mesenchymal @entity64272 and @entity64275 expression, disaggregation of @entity7739 -positive mesenchymal cells and loss of @entity6832 in the eyelid epithelium. Spry mutant eyelids also showed increased Wnt signaling and reduced expression of @entity3571 and @entity25801 , two transcription factors previously shown to be necessary for eyelid closure. Collectively, our results show that conjunctival epithelial @entity64272 and @entity64273 redundantly promote eyelid closure by (a) stimulating @entity13436 -independent, @entity9829 -mediated peridermal migration, (b) suppressing conjunctival epithelial proliferation through FGF- @entity13436 signaling, (c) mediating conjunctival epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and (d) maintaining expression of @entity3571 and @entity25801 .

title: XXXX and @entity64273 are necessary for eyelid closure.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eyes open']

answer: @entity64272 :: (24063(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Spry1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the benefit and the effect of intraarterial @entity4831 application on histological analysis of @entity1 suspected of having @entity157 . To determine whether @entity4831 marking leads to a better biopsy result and how @entity4831 or a transarterial chemoembolization influences the histological diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of @entity1 were examined. Group A included 14 @entity1 highly suspected of having an @entity157 which had previously been unsuccessfully biopsied. A transarterial embolization with @entity4831 was performed in these @entity1 to mark @entity5 which could not otherwise be defined in unenhanced CT. A biopsy was then repeated. Group B included 22 @entity1 undergoing therapy using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). A biopsy was performed to support the diagnosis of a multifocal @entity157 before changing the therapy. RESULTS: The transversal diameters of the biopsied @entity5 were similar in both groups (A: 22 mm; B: 21 mm). The length of percutaneous access was 71 mm in Group A and 88 mm in Group B. In eleven of 14 @entity1 of Group A we confirmed the diagnosis of an @entity157 . Thirty-six procedures were necessary for this confirmation. In Group B we confirmed the diagnosis in 17 of 22 @entity1 . In addition, we found typical histological modification due to @entity1575 and @entity1956 . @entity4831 had no negative influence on the histological diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Applying @entity4831 for marking and delineating @entity96 in cases of formerly negative histology seems to enhance the success of biopsy, confirming the diagnosis of an @entity157 .

title: [Prospective benefit and effect of @entity4831 marking in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['virus hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['HCC-suspicious liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol', 'Lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of serum @entity1254 concentration with regional adiposity and @entity2690 resistance in subjects with @entity6 . A total of 73 Japanese @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 (aged 59 +/- 11 years and body mass index [BMI] 23.8 +/- 3.0 kg/m(2), mean +/- SD) were studied. Fasting serum @entity1254 and leptin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Regional adiposity was measured by abdominal computed tomography (CT) at the umbilical level, and @entity2690 resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R). Univariate regression analysis showed that serum @entity1254 levels were negatively correlated with subcutaneous and visceral fat areas. With multivariate regression analysis, visceral fat area was a predominant determinant of serum @entity1254 levels. In contrast, subcutaneous fat area was strongly associated with serum leptin concentrations. Among subcutaneous and visceral fat areas, BMI, and serum leptin levels, both subcutaneous and visceral fat areas were independently associated with HOMA-R. In another model incorporating serum @entity1254 levels, serum @entity1254 levels were selected as an independent determinant of HOMA-R instead of visceral fat area. In conclusion, @entity17211 was associated with @entity1386 rather than subcutaneous fat depot in Japanese @entity1 with @entity6 . Both @entity1386 contribute to @entity2690 resistance in these subjects, and the contribution of visceral fat may be mediated, in part, by @entity17211 .

title: @entity17211 is associated with XXXX and @entity2690 resistance in Japanese @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity17211 :: ('MESH:C567258', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadiponectinemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous and visceral fat accumulation', 'visceral fat accumulation']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['visceral fat accumulation']


abstract: To investigate regulation of D2 receptor (D2R) gene expression by protein kinases, we evaluated effects of constitutively active MAPK kinase kinase (MEKK), @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) II, @entity49370 and @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase (PKA) on D2R promoter activity using luciferase reporter gene assays. A 1.5-kbp fragment containing the @entity35 D2R promoter was cloned upstream of the reporter and transfected into D2R-expressing NB2A cells or nonexpressing @entity19 and C6 @entity11 cells. MEKK and CaMKII, but not @entity49370 and PKA, increased promoter activity 4.5- and 1.5-fold, respectively, in NB2A cells. Inhibitory effects of a MEK inhibitor and lack of effect by dominant negative (DN)-JNK1 or DN-p38MAPK revealed that @entity2509 but not JNK and p38MAPK is involved in MEKK-induced promoter activation. Deletion and mutation of the promoter revealed that the MEKK-responsive region was @entity10564 site B between @entity2036 -56 and -47. Overexpression of @entity10564 suppressed promoter activity without affecting MEKK-induced activation. Interestingly, overexpression of @entity11970 increased promoter activity through the region between @entity2036 -56 and -36. Increased activity by @entity11970 was additive with CaMKII-induced activation but not with activation induced by MEKK. Co-transfection with CaMKII stimulated nuclear translocation of @entity11970 . These results suggest that @entity2509 and CaMKII positively regulate the D2R promoter and that @entity11970 is a potential transcription factor for the CaMKII-dependent pathway.

title: Activation of the @entity35 dopamine D2 receptor promoter by mitogen-activated protein kinase and XXXX /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II pathways.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: Nearly all @entity302 in @entity1 are characterized by deranged @entity1662 . We started to study changes in motivated behavior (drinking in thirsty @entity35 ) as a possible analogue of compromised @entity1662 during and after @entity302 . @entity302 (ADs) were elicited by stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus and/or thalamus. @entity35 with implanted electrodes (deprived of water for 24 hours) were trained to lick water from a narrow tube. After pretraining ADs were elicited eight times in each animal and access to water was allowed during different phases of the @entity195 . Stimulation did not affect licking if no @entity195 was induced. If stimulation was successful, licking was stopped in nearly 70 % of stimulations and modified (biting the tube) in 30 %. Hippocampal ADs (characterized by serrated waves in the EEG and by an arrest of behavior with subsequent automatisms) completely blocked licking, signs of recovery appeared during the interval between the @entity195 and recurrent @entity195 and it progressed during recurrent ADs. Thalamic ADs abolished licking in 82% of cases and immediately after ADs normal licking reappeared in 49 % of these observations. Our results suggest that changes in motivated behavior might serve as an analogue of compromised @entity1 @entity1662 .

title: Disturbance of motivated behavior in @entity35 by XXXX afterdischarges.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'Epileptic afterdischarges']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity0 is currently used for the duration of six monthly courses. We performed a joint analysis of two studies on the duration of adjuvant @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 in @entity1 with @entity0 to investigate whether three courses of @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 might suffice. The International @entity0 Study Group Trial VI randomly assigned 735 pre- and perimenopausal @entity1 to receive 'classical' @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 for three consecutive cycles, or the same chemotherapy for six consecutive cycles. The German @entity0 Study Group randomised 289 @entity1 to receive either three or six cycles of i.v. @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 day 1, 8. Treatment effects were estimated using Cox regression analysis stratified by clinical trial without further adjustment for covariates. The 5-year disease-free survival per cents (+/-s.e.) were 54+/-2% for three cycles and 55+/-2% for six cycles (n=1024; risk ratio (risk ratio: CMFx3/CMFx6), 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 1.18; P=0.99). Use of three rather than six cycles was demonstrated to be adequate in both studies for @entity1 at least 40-years-old with @entity2931 -receptor-positive @entity5 (n=594; risk ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.08; P=0.19). In fact, results slightly favoured three cycles over six for this subgroup, and the 95% confidence interval excluded an adverse effect of more than 2% with respect to absolute 5-year survival. In contrast, three cycles appeared to be possibly inferior to six cycles for @entity1 less than 40-years-old (n=190; risk ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.80; P=0.22) and for @entity1 with @entity2931 -receptor-negative @entity5 (n=302; risk ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 1.57; P=0.37). Thus, three initial cycles of adjuvant @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 chemotherapy were as effective as six cycles for older @entity1 (40-years-old) with @entity2931 -receptor-positive @entity5 , while six cycles of adjuvant @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 might still be required for other cohorts. Because endocrine therapy with @entity440 and @entity1176 analogues is now available for younger @entity1 with @entity2931 -receptor-positive @entity5 , the need for six cycles of @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 is unclear and requires further investigation.

title: Duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX : a joint analysis of two randomised trials investigating three versus six courses of CMF.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity4611 are rare in @entity1 and adolescents, and when encountered are usually hormone secreting. Symptomatic pituitary non-secreting @entity64 in an adolescent is rare and potentially life-threatening. A 15 year-old @entity1 is described, hospitalized due to @entity10 , @entity221 and @entity3917 4 days prior to admission. @entity693 was postulated, based on clinical examination and cerebrospinal fluid testing. However, clinical examination and hormone testing revealed partial failure of the anterior pituitary. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated a space-occupying lesion of the pituitary. Magnetic nuclear resonance imaging suggested the presence of a @entity4611 . Hypophysectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed an extensive @entity1188 of a @entity977 . Hormonal substitution with @entity1955 and @entity288 was administered. This report emphasizes that pituitary non-secreting @entity64 may rarely be the cause of @entity10 and @entity221 in an adolescent, thus causing difficulties in differential diagnosis from acute @entity693 .

title: Pituitary non-secreting @entity64 in an adolescent. XXXX report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['macroadenoma apoplexy']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['A meningeal syndrome', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma', 'Pituitary macroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity3169 after short-term use of latanoprost 0.005%, bimatoprost 0.03% and travoprost 0.004% in normal adults. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-masked crossover active controlled comparison. METHODS: We evaluated @entity3169 by a standard photographic measure at the slit lamp and by anterior segment photographs in healthy subjects after dosing for 5 days with latanoprost, bimatoprost, or travoprost. @entity3169 was evaluated at 24-hour trough (hour 0) and at hour 1 after dosing. Each subject was crossed over between periods after a 1-week washout interval. RESULTS: Twenty-eight subjects (mean age 26 +/- 9 years) completed this study. Several comparisons were noted to be significant between groups by slit-lamp biomicroscopy: first, at hour 0 latanoprost had significantly less @entity450 than bimatoprost; second, at hour 0 latanoprost showed significantly less change than bimatoprost compared with the study baseline (visit 2); third, at hour 1 latanoprost had significantly less @entity450 than travoprost; fourth, at hour 1 latanoprost demonstrated significantly less change from baseline in @entity450 than travoprost (visit 2); fifth, at hour 1 latanoprost had less change in @entity450 than bimatoprost or travoprost between the study and the nonstudy eye (P = .03); and last, at hour 1 latanoprost showed significantly less change than bimatoprost and travoprost compared with hour 0 (P = .04). Additionally, similar grades were observed by photographs with latanoprost demonstrating the lowest levels of @entity450 . Subjects complained less about other @entity1 noticing their red eye with latanoprost than bimatoprost or travoprost (P = .048). No serious adverse events were noted. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that latanoprost may cause significantly less short-term @entity3169 on average than bimatoprost or travoprost in healthy subjects.

title: XXXX in healthy subjects after short-term dosing with latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost.

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperemia', 'Conjunctival hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

answer: @entity3169 :: (MESH:D003229,Disease) :: ['Conjunctival hyperemia']


abstract: Arrhythmogenic right @entity296 / @entity1141 (ARVC/D) is a rare @entity74 characterized by the presence of structural alterations in the right ventricle which may cause @entity943 and may induce @entity1164 . ARVC/D has been associated with mutations in genes encoding myocyte adhesion proteins. However, only 30%-50% of @entity1 have mutations in these genes. Genetic testing is useful in obtaining a diagnosis, particularly in individuals who do not completely fulfill clinical criteria, thereby also enabling the undertaking of preventive strategies in family members. The main goal of this study was to identify mutations in candidate genes associated with intercalate disks that could be potentially involved in ARVC/D pathogenesis. We analyze a cohort of 14 Spanish unrelated @entity1 clinically diagnosed with ARVC/D without any @entity74 in all previously known responsible genes. Thus, a genetic screening has been performed in 7 additional potential candidate genes ( @entity42696 -actin alpha cardiac muscle 1-, CDHN -cadherin 2 type 1 or @entity6076 -, @entity19207 - @entity19207 -, @entity495 or @entity495 - @entity495 -, MVCL - @entity10274 -, @entity18964 - @entity65307 - @entity3999 light chain 3-) by direct sequencing analysis. Our genetic analysis did not identify any disease-causing mutation. Thirty single nucleotides polymorphisms were found, six of them novel. In conclusion, our ARVC/D Spanish cohort has not shown any mutations in the analyzed candidate genes despite their involvement in formation and maintenance of the intercalated disk.

title: Genetic testing of candidate genes in arrhythmogenic right @entity296 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity495 :: ('2697', 'Gene') :: ['GJA1', 'Cx43', 'gap junction protein alpha 1']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration', 'cardiac genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: We have retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological results in 204 consecutive adult @entity1 who had surgical correction of 70 late post-traumatic pelvic nonunions and 134 malalignments. The deformed pelvises were subdivided into united (true), unstable, ununited, and partially stable malalignments with heterotopic bone. The principal complaints were of @entity158 , @entity530 , sitting imbalance, and apparent limb-length discrepancy. After surgery, 195 @entity1 (96%) achieved a primary union and 144 (71%) had slight, intermittent or no pelvic @entity158 , while @entity530 was entirely eliminated. Overall, 131 @entity1 (64.2%) were extremely satisfied, 58 (28.4%) were satisfied and 15 (7.4%) were unsatisfied. After reconstruction of the malaligned pelvises, 67 results (50%) were anatomical, 47 (35%) were satisfactory and 20 (15%) were unsatisfactory. For a pelvic nonunion with local @entity2331 and @entity893 , stabilisation of all three pelvic columns is recommended. True pelvic (united) malunions were the most satisfactorily realigned and had the fewest complications. Ununited and unstable malalignments, especially those with heterotopic bone, had the poorest corrections and the most @entity16 . A therapeutic alternative, by the local resection of a symptomatic bony prominence, and fixation in situ of a posterior pelvic nonunion, gives highly effective symptomatic relief with fewer complications. Despite this, many @entity1 had persistent @entity1643 .

title: Surgical reconstruction of late pelvic post-traumatic nonunion and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic instability']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment']

answer: @entity893 :: (MESH:D017760,Disease) :: ['malalignment']


abstract: Activation of the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) in @entity6 is thought to contribute to @entity8 . This is suggested by findings of an enhanced renovascular ( @entity8 ) response to RAS blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). An alternative approach to assess RAS activation is the evaluation of @entity916 release following RAS blockade. Forty-four consecutively enrolled Type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (28.2+/-1.5 years) and 37 normal subjects (37+/-2.6 years) in high salt balance were given 25 mg of @entity3371 and 16 mg of @entity1564 p.o. on consecutive days. All subjects were Caucasian. All, except one @entity6 @entity1 , had normal renal function. Plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) were measured for four hours after both drugs, and at eight, and 24 hours after candesartan. As anticipated, both drugs increased PRA. Peak responses (90' after @entity3371 ) were 5.6+/-1 ng/mL Ang I/hour in @entity6 @entity1 , and 1.7+/-0.9 ng/mL Ang I/hour in normal subjects (p<0.001). Responses to both drugs were correlated in @entity6 @entity1 for PRA (r=0.623; p=0.001) and for @entity8 (r=0.9; p<0.001). When the PRA response to @entity3371 was below the median, the @entity8 response was limited (22.1+/-17.6 ml/minute/1.73 m2). When it was above the median, the @entity8 response was also larger (62.2+/-13.9 ml/minute/1.73 m2; p=0.006). @entity916 response to ACE-I and ARB confirms activation of the RAS in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: @entity916 release in response to @entity916 system blockade: activation of the @entity916 system in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal plasma flow', 'RPF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Examine caregiver-report of obstacles to community participation for youth with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), and explore relationships between obstacles and @entity1 , caregiver, and community characteristics. DESIGN: Two hundred and one primary caregivers of youth with @entity1566 ages 7-17 years were interviewed at three pediatric @entity1566 centers within a single-hospital system. Caregivers answered an open-ended question assessing obstacles to youth participation. A mixed-methods approach was incorporated, where qualitative methods analyzed caregiver-reported obstacles, and exploratory multivariate analyses examined relationships between obstacles and demographic variables. RESULTS: Caregivers were primarily mothers (74%), married (69%), employed (54%), had college experience (67%), and lived in small towns (55%). Youths' mean age was 12.60 years at interview and 7.19 years at injury, 70% had @entity451 , and 55% had complete injuries. Analyses revealed that youth participation was limited by obstacles across six domains: community, disability-related, practical concerns, @entity1 -internal, social, and other. @entity1 , caregiver, and community characteristics were related to overall report of obstacles, and report of community obstacles, disability-related obstacles, and practical concerns. Caregiver college experience and small town living predicted overall report of obstacles. Having a @entity1 injured at a younger age, caregiver college experience, and small town living predicted community obstacles. Having a @entity1 with an incomplete @entity1317 predicted disability-related obstacles. Caregiver employment predicted practical concerns. CONCLUSION: Youth from small towns, those injured younger, those with @entity130 , and those experiencing recent medical complications may need additional supports and resources to maximize participation. Clinicians should work with caregivers to identify and problem-solve obstacles to youth participation.

title: Obstacles to community participation among youth with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury and recent medical complication']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete injuries']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgery has been successful in removing epiretinal membranes from the macula allowing some improvement in vision in 80 to 90% of @entity1 , however complications are relatively frequent. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the rate of peri- and @entity260 and their influence on functional outcome of eyes having been operated for @entity6654 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Preoperative findings, intraoperative and @entity260 as well as outcome in 40 consecutive cases of @entity6654 operated by the same retina surgeon were analyzed. RESULTS: In all cases the epiretinal membranes were successfully removed from the fovea. The mean visual acuity increased from 0.36 +/- 0.2 to 0.54 +/- 0.3, (p < 0.05) postoperatively. Peroperative complications included @entity548 (18%) and @entity937 (10%). Postoperatively progressive @entity1463 was observed in 75% of the cases and @entity937 causing detachments in 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Performing surgery for ERMs is worthwhile on eyes with major decreased visual acuity (< 0.25) as on eyes with metamorphopsia but only moderately @entity227 . @entity260 are frequent but can usually be managed successfully. Of them only retinal detachment involving the macula is of worse prognosis on the final functional outcome.

title: [Surgery of XXXX : functional results and complications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['reduced vision']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tears']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6654 :: ('MESH:D019773', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epiretinal membranes']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['nuclear sclerosis']

answer: @entity6654 :: (MESH:D019773,Disease) :: ['idiopathic epiretinal membranes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in @entity1 with @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ). METHODS: Medline search was done from 1997 to 2011 using search terms appropriate to establishing a relation between LLLT and @entity9321 . Only randomized controlled trials were included in this study. Outcome variables related to @entity158 , @entity925 , mandibular movements, and Electromyographic (EMG) activity were considered. Of the 242 articles examined, 13 were finally included in the critical analysis conducted as a part of the present systematic review. RESULTS: Of the 242 titles reviewed, only 13 articles were considered eligible. 7 articles showed significant improvement in the study group, whereas 5 showed no significant improvement between the study and control groups. The primary outcome of most of the studies was @entity158 . Other variables considered were @entity925 , mandibular movements; EMG activity was considered. CONCLUSION: Our results have shown that LLLT seems to be effective in reducing @entity158 in @entity9321 's. It may be a treatment option for @entity1 with an interest in a noninvasive, complementary therapy.

title: Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders', 'TMDs']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tenderness']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: Mechanisms for activating the @entity63320 ( @entity63320 ) complex have been the focus of many recent studies. Here, we identify a novel mode of @entity30062 /3 complex regulation mediated by the highly conserved actin binding protein coronin. @entity375 coronin ( @entity55617 ) physically associates with the @entity30062 /3 complex and inhibits WA- and @entity30067 -activated actin nucleation in vitro. The inhibition occurs specifically in the absence of preformed actin filaments, suggesting that @entity55617 may restrict @entity30062 /3 complex activity to the sides of filaments. The inhibitory activity of @entity55617 resides in its coiled coil domain. Localization of @entity55617 to actin patches in vivo and association of @entity55617 with the @entity63320 complex also require its coiled coil domain. Genetic studies provide in vivo evidence for these interactions and activities. Overexpression of @entity55617 causes growth arrest and redistribution of @entity30062 and @entity55617 into aberrant actin loops. These defects are suppressed by deletion of the @entity55617 coiled coil domain and by arc35-26, an allele of the p35 subunit of the @entity30062 /3 complex. Further in vivo evidence that coronin regulates the @entity63320 complex comes from the observation that @entity55617 and @entity30062 mutants display an allele-specific synthetic interaction. This work identifies a new form of regulation of the @entity30062 /3 complex and an important cellular function for @entity55616 .

title: Direct regulation of XXXX complex activity and function by the actin binding protein coronin.

answer: @entity63320 :: (851532;853528,Gene) :: ['Arp2/3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been extensively used as the mainstream treatment for chronic @entity32 . The persistent use of @entity230 in the past decades and the association with secondary @entity281 warrants for detailed investigation into their effects on the innate immune system and the therapeutic outcome. In this study, we analyse the effect of GCs on antimicrobial polypeptide (AMP) expression. We hypothesize that GC related side effects, including secondary @entity281 are a result of compromised innate immune responses. Here, we show that treatment with @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) inhibits basal mRNA expression of the following AMPs; @entity1 cathelicidin, @entity1 @entity16448 , lysozyme and secretory leukocyte peptidase 1 in the @entity1357 monocytic cell-line ( @entity1357 monocytes). Furthermore, pre-treatment with @entity9170 inhibits @entity3875 induced cathelicidin expression in @entity1357 monocytes, primary monocytes and in the @entity1 bronchial epithelial cell line BCi NS 1.1. We also demonstrate that treatment with the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) inhibitor @entity3927 counteracts @entity9170 mediated down-regulation of basal and @entity3875 induced cathelicidin expression in @entity1357 monocytes. Moreover, we confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of @entity9170 . Pre-treatment with @entity9170 inhibits dsRNA mimic poly IC induction of the inflammatory chemokine @entity371 ( @entity371 ) and cytokine @entity1356 mRNA expression in @entity1357 monocytes. These results suggest that GCs inhibit innate immune responses, in addition to exerting beneficial anti-inflammatory effects.

title: Glucocorticoid XXXX down-regulates basal and @entity3875 induced cathelicidin expression in @entity1 monocytes and bronchial epithelial cell line.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10055 ( @entity18253 ) is commonly used for the treatment of @entity66 . @entity18253 is a @entity6741 that can be detected in the @entity6741 assay. Its effect on biochemical analytes is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 6-8  weeks of @entity18253 administration on fasting and postprandial concentrations of serum @entity3645 (SBA), @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity648 , and liver enzyme activities in healthy @entity235 . METHODS: Twenty healthy @entity235 received @entity18253 for 6-8  weeks. CBC, biochemistry profile, urinalysis, fasting and postprandial SBA, and hepatobiliary ultrasound examination were performed prior to starting @entity18253 (timepoint 0) and after 6-8  weeks of therapy, while animals were still receiving @entity18253 (timepoint 1). Timepoint 0 and timepoint 1 values were compared with a paired t-test. SBA were remeasured 72  hours after @entity18253 discontinuation. RESULTS: Only mean fasting SBA at timepoint 1 increased significantly (P  =  .03) from timepoint 0 (2.26   mol/L at time 0 and 3.81   mol/L at time 1) but were not elevated above the normal reference interval (0-9   mol/L). Two @entity235 had timepoint 1 fasting SBA above the reference interval (10 and 11.7   mol/L). One @entity235 had timepoint 1 postprandial SBA above the reference interval at 20.1   mol/L (reference interval 0-17   mol/L). Repeat SBA 72  hours after @entity18253 discontinuation were normal. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term administration of @entity18253 to healthy @entity235 may increase fasting SBA above pretreatment values (typically within the reference interval). Long-term administration of @entity18253 to healthy @entity235 does not alter liver enzyme activities, and @entity648 , @entity165 , or @entity412 concentrations.

title: Effect of 6-8  weeks of oral @entity10055 administration on serum concentrations of fasting and postprandial @entity3645 and biochemical analytes in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['Ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical quality control in the form of multicentre studies make it possible to analyse the treatment status of a given surgical illness under quality assurance aspects. MATERIAL/METHODS: On 1. 1. 2000, under the patronage of the Convent of Hospital Chief Surgeons a project (ongoing) - organised and conducted by the Institute for Quality Management in Operative Medicine at the Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg - was initiated to document and collect the data of @entity1 with @entity14 throughout the whole of Germany. This work is supported by the German Society of Surgery, and the Surgical Working Group, Quality Assurance within the German Society of Surgery. Currently, some 282 hospitals throughout the country are involved in establishing a prospective documentation of @entity14 . Participation in this study is on a @entity2798 . The anonymity of both @entity1 and hospitals is guaranteed, and no hospitals wishing to participate are excluded. Both operatively and conservatively treated @entity1 are being documented, and no randomization takes place. RESULTS: In the year 2000, the participating hospitals documented a total of 9 477 @entity1 with a @entity14 , including 6 975 @entity1 with a @entity694 , and 3 402 with a @entity189 . The average age of the @entity1 was 68.5 years, and there were 5 010 @entity1 and 4 467 @entity1 . The operation rate was 99.2 %, the resection rate 95.6 %. The abdominoperineal resection rate was 27.4 %. The indicators for diagnostic quality as set out by Hermanek were largely complied with, but some deviations were noted. DISCUSSION: On the basis of the data collected, structures were established for a uniform Germany-wide quality management for a clinical condition with a major health policy impact. This information make it possible for the hospitals to identify and eliminate deficits in the structural and process quality in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity14 , and in this way to improve outcome quality. This means that the results of medical care research have an immediate impact on the individual treatment received by a given @entity1 .

title: [Prospective multi-center study XXXX (primary tumors)--Results of the year 2000].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary basis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon/rectum carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECT: Over the past decade, the incidence of @entity7181 ( @entity7181 ) has been increasing. In recent years, studies on this condition have been rampant in the literature. The authors present an 11-year institutional experience with @entity7181 @entity1 . Additionally, through an analysis of the contemporary literature, they provide an update on the challenging and controversial nature of this increasingly encountered condition. METHODS: An electronic medical record database was used to retrospectively analyze @entity1 admitted with @entity7181 from January 2001 through February 2012. Presenting symptoms, concurrent conditions, microorganisms, diagnostic modalities, treatments, and outcomes were examined. For the literature search, PubMed was used as the search engine. Studies published from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2013, were critically reviewed. Data from articles on methodology, demographics, treatments, and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 106 @entity1 with bacterial @entity7181 were identified. The mean    SD age of @entity1 was 63.3    13.7 years, and 65.1% of @entity1 were male. Common presenting signs and symptoms were @entity615 (47.1%) and focal @entity51 (47.1%). Over 75% of SEAs were in the thoracolumbar spine, and over 50% were ventral. Approximately 34% had an infectious origin. Concurrent conditions included @entity6 (35.8%), vascular conditions (31.3%), and @entity177 /dialysis (30.2%). The most commonly isolated organism was @entity794 (70.7%), followed by Streptococcus spp. (6.6%). Surgery along with antibiotics was the treatment for 63 (59.4%) @entity1 . Surgery involved spinal fusion for 19 (30.2%), discectomy for 14 (22.2%), and corpectomy for 9 (14.3%). Outcomes were reported objectively; at a mean    SD follow-up time of 8.4    26 weeks (range 0-192 weeks), outcome was good for 60.7% of @entity1 and poor for 39.3%. The literature search yielded 40 articles, and the authors discuss the result of these studies. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial @entity7181 is an ominous condition that calls for early recognition. Neurological status at the time of presentation is a key factor in decision making and @entity1 outcome. In recent years, surgical treatment has been advocated for @entity1 with @entity51 and failed response to medical therapy. Surgery should be performed immediately and before 36-72 hours from onset of @entity16 . However, the decision between medical or surgical intervention entails individual @entity1 considerations including age, concurrent conditions, and objective findings. An evidence-based algorithm for diagnosis and treatment is suggested.

title: An institutional series and contemporary review of XXXX : current status and future directions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial spinal epidural abscess', 'SEA']

answer: @entity7181 :: (MESH:D020802,Disease) :: ['bacterial spinal epidural abscess']


abstract: @entity19766 (EPS)-deficient strains of the root nodule symbiote @entity14441 induce formation of @entity281 threads in Vicia sativa subsp. nigra roots. As a result, the nodule tissue remains uninfected. Formation of an infection thread can be restored by coinoculation of the @entity942 mutant with a Nod factor-deficient strain, which produces a similar EPS structure. This suggests that EPS contributes to host-plant specificity of nodulation. Here, a comparison was made of i) coinoculation with heterologous strains with different @entity2383 , and ii) introduction of the pRL1JI Sym plasmid or a nod gene-encoding fragment in the same heterologous strains. Most strains not complementing in coinoculation experiments were able to nodulate V. sativa roots as transconjugants. Apparently, coinoculation is a delicate approach in which differences in root colonization ability or bacterial growth rate easily affect successful infection-thread formation. Obviously, lack of infection-thread formation in coinoculation studies is not solely determined by EPS structure. Transconjugation data show that different @entity2383 can allow infection-thread formation and subsequent nodulation of V. sativa roots.

title: XXXX structure is not a determinant of host-plant specificity in nodulation of Vicia sativa roots.

entities_list: @entity14441 :: ('384', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium leguminosarum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['abortive infection']

entities_list: @entity19766 :: ('CHEBI:72813', 'Chemical') :: ['Exopolysaccharide']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['EPS-deficient']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['EPS structures']

answer: @entity19766 :: (CHEBI:72813,Chemical) :: ['Exopolysaccharide']


abstract: METHODS: Atrial premature beats are frequently diagnosed during pregnancy, @entity4710 ( @entity591 , @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 , circus @entity591 ) less frequently. For acute therapy, electrical cardioversion with 50-100 J is indicated in all unstable @entity1 . In stable @entity4710 , initial therapy includes vagal maneuvers to terminate @entity591 . For short-term management, when vagal maneuvers fail, intravenous @entity859 is the drug of first choice and may safely terminate the @entity943 . For long-term therapy, beta-blocking agents with beta(1) selectivity are first-line drugs; class Ic agents or the class III drug @entity2778 represent effective and therapeutic alternatives. @entity1540 are also frequently present during pregnancy and benign in most of the unstable @entity1 ; however, malignant @entity1165 (sustained @entity1165 , @entity5069 , @entity2224 ) are less frequently observed. Electrical cardioversion is necessary in all @entity1 with hemodynamically unstable situation and life-threatening @entity1165 ; in hemodynamically stable @entity1 , initial therapy with @entity8655 , @entity1818 or @entity3303 is indicated. If prophylactic therapy is needed, beta-blocking agents with beta(1) selectivity are regarded as drugs of first choice. If this therapy proves ineffective, class Ic agents or @entity2778 can be considered. In @entity1 with syncopal @entity1165 , @entity2224 , @entity5069 or aborted @entity944 , an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is indicated. In @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1168 , a pacemaker can be implanted using echocardiography at any stage of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of the pregnant @entity1 with @entity943 requires important modifications of the standard practice of @entity943 management. The goal of therapy is to protect the @entity1 and fetus through delivery, after which chronic or definitive therapy can be administered.

title: [ XXXX during pregnancy--what to do?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity8655 :: ('MESH:D000404', 'Chemical') :: ['ajmaline']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'breakthrough tachycardias', 'movement tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular premature beats']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity5069 :: ('MESH:D054141', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular flutter']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of @entity43 on the serum levels of gonadotropins and @entity3800 have been studied previously. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of @entity43 on the serum @entity4090 levels and its relation to ovulation in @entity1 with @entity3610 . METHODS: This is a prospective controlled study. Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity3610 underwent ovarian electrocauterization in university hospitals. Control group consisted of 35 ovulatory @entity1 with @entity249 . Hormonal assessment performed in early follicular phase of spontaneous or induced cycle before operation in the two groups and repeated one week after operation. Hormonal assay was also performed in the early follicular phase of the first post-operative menstruation, folliculometry and @entity1420 assay were also performed in the same cycle. Data were analyzed by "repeated measurement design, discriminant analysis, correlation coefficient, and Fisher exact test". RESULTS: Six to ten weeks after operation the serum mean +/- SD @entity4090 levels increased from 284.41 +/- 114.32 mIU/ml to 354.06 +/- 204.42 mIU/ml (P = 0.011). The same values for the control group were 277.73 +/- 114.65 to 277.4 +/- 111.4 (P = 0.981) respectively. Approximately 45% of subjects in @entity3610 group remained anovulatory in spite of decreased level of LH and @entity251 . @entity4090 level remained elevated in 73.2% of @entity1 who did not ovulate 6-10 weeks after the procedure. CONCLUSION: @entity4089 after ovarian cauterization may be considered as a possible cause of @entity3206 in @entity1 with @entity3610 and improved gonadotropin and @entity342 levels. The cause of @entity4089 is unknown. Hormonal assay particularly PRL in anovulatory @entity1 after ovarian cauterization is recommended.

title: XXXX after laparoscopic @entity43 : an unknown phenomenon.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian drilling']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'polycystic ovaries', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['unexplained infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperprolactinemia', 'hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['Hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a new mini-invasive surgery for @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) in @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) by adequately decompressing the orbital apex and correcting proptosis, and to analyze its results. METHODS: A retrospective chart was reviewed in 29 @entity1 receiving orbital decompression for the treatment of @entity1781 secondary to @entity6875 from October 2006 to May 2011. All @entity1 diagnosed @entity1781 were in stable and inactive phase of @entity6875 at least for 6 months. All @entity1 received endoscopic transethmoid medial orbital wall decompression to reduce the compression on the orbital apex. In the meanwhile, an endoscopic transethmoid intraconal fat-removal orbital decompression was performed to remove parts of intraconal fat with a special aspiration/cutting instrument to further reduce the proptosis. All @entity1 were followed up periodically. RESULTS: of improvement of visual acuity (VA), color vision, and amount of proptosis reduction and incidence of induced @entity892 9 months after surgery was recorded for analysis its feasibility. RESULTS: Forty-five orbits of 29 @entity1 were included in the study. At the 9 months review, 44 of 45 eyes (97.8%) improved their VA from -0.65  0.30 (x  s) preoperatively to -0.24  0.22, with a mean improvement of 0.55  0.17 (t=-13.012, P<0.001), 23 of 29 eyes (79.3%) had improved color vision (P<0.001), and the mean reduction in proptosis was (7.07  1.59) mm (range 4-11 mm). Postoperative symmetry to within 2 mm were achieved in all @entity1 . Except 1 @entity1 complaining of deterioration in @entity892 following surgery, no @entity1 presented new on-set @entity892 postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic transethmoid medial orbital wall decompression combined with the endoscopic transethmoid intraconal fat-removal orbital decompression is an effective treatment with minimal morbidity for both visional recovery and improvement of proptosis for @entity1781 in @entity6875 .

title: [Endoscopic trans-ethmoid medial orbital wall decompression combined with intraconal fat decompression for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['compressive optic neuropathy', 'CON']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Graves' ophthalmopathy']


abstract: Changes in nutritional status are important in clinical practice because they relate to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Studies about nutritional problems in hospitalized adults have been reported since the 1970s. The prevalence of @entity3147 has varied from 10 to 70%, depending on the diagnostic criteria used. The hospital studied and the duration of admission. AIM: To assess, in the first day of hospital stay, the nutritional status of adults admitted to undergo elective surgery in a public hospital of the State of Acre, Amazon Region, Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: Sectional study from April 7 to May 22, 2002. @entity1 AND METHODS: 155 consecutive nutritional evaluations were performed using several parameters-global subjective assessment (GSA), anthropometric measurement and some laboratory tests. For the diagnosis of @entity3147 the @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ), as proposed by Waitzberg, was adopted. In the evaluation of @entity28 the BMI (Body Mass Index), with cutoffs suggested by WHO was used. RESULTS: 75.2% were @entity1 . Average age was 34.4 +/- 10.1 years. Mulatto (63.1%) was the prevailing racial group. Gynecological (43.6%) was the most frequent surgery. @entity3147 disclosed a 12.1% prevalence of @entity3147 . BMI classified 2.0% of the @entity1 as grade I overweight and 15.4% as being @entity28 . Among 76 @entity1 classified as normal by BMI, 15 (19.7%) were considered malnourished by @entity3147 criteria. Concordance between @entity3147 and BMI was weak (k = 0.07). GSA classified 100% of the cases as well nourished. CONCLUSION: Lack of a golden standard to make the diagnosis of changes in nutritional status has been one of the determinants of the wide variations observed in the pertinent literature and it has hindered valid comparisons. The present study suggests that BMI should be used as an indicator of proportion and not of nutritional status. GSA underestimates the diagnosis of @entity3147 . This paper concludes that establishing uniform standards for diagnostic criteria for @entity3147 is urgently required and suggests preferring IMS ( @entity3147 ) because of its easy use, low coast and high sensitivity.

title: Nutritional assessment of adult XXXX admitted to a hospital of the Amazon region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'ISM', 'Index Suggestive of Malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beekeepers are strongly exposed to @entity5157 stings and therefore at an increased risk to develop IgE-mediated @entity566 to @entity5157 venom. OBJECTIVE: We wondered whether @entity5157 venom- @entity56 were different from normally exposed @entity5157 venom- @entity56 @entity1 with regard to clinical and immunological parameters as well as their response to venom immunotherapy. METHOD: Among the 459 @entity5157 venom- @entity56 @entity1 seen over the 5 year period 1987-91, 62 (14%) were beekeepers and 44 (10%) family members of beekeepers. These two groups were compared with 101 normally exposed @entity5157 venom- @entity56 @entity1 matched with the @entity56 for age and sex, regarding clinical parameters, skin sensitivity, specific IgE and IgG antibodies to @entity5157 venom as well as safety and efficacy of venom immunotherapy. RESULTS: As expected, @entity56 had been stung most frequently before the first @entity56 . The three groups showed a similar severity of @entity56 following @entity5157 stings and had an equal incidence of @entity66 . Allergic beekeepers showed higher levels of @entity5157 venom-specific serum IgG, lower skin sensitivity and lower levels of @entity5157 venom specific serum IgE than @entity5157 venom- @entity56 control @entity1 . A negative correlation between number of stings and skin sensitivity as well as specific IgE was found in @entity56 and their family members, while the number of stings was positively correlated with specific IgG in these two groups. Venom immunotherapy was equally effective in the three groups, but better tolerated by @entity56 than the two other groups. The majority of @entity56 continued @entity5157 -keeping successfully under the protection of venom immunotherapy. CONCLUSION: The lower level of sensitivity in diagnostic tests and the better tolerance of immunotherapy in @entity56 is most likely related to the high level of specific IgG in this group.

title: @entity5157 sting XXXX in beekeepers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms', 'allergic', 'allergic beekeepers', 'allergic reaction']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1050 is associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, but existing studies have not assessed the impact of disease activity during pregnancy. We examined the impact of disease activity on birth outcomes: LBW, @entity600 , LBW at term, and CAs. METHODS: All births by @entity1050 @entity1 in North Jutland County, Denmark, from January 1, 1977 to December 31, 2005, were evaluated in a cohort study based on linkage between the Danish National Registry of @entity1 and the Medical Birth Registry. After identification of all births by @entity1050 @entity1 , review of medical records allowed collection of clinical details (including disease activity and drug therapy during pregnancy). The exposed cohort (N = 71) constituted pregnancies with low/moderate-high disease activity during pregnancy, and the unexposed cohort (N = 86) those with inactive disease. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the adjusted relative risks (with 95% confidence intervals) for adverse birth outcomes associated with disease activity in @entity1050 pregnancies. In subanalysis, we examined the impact of moderate-high activity. RESULTS: In @entity1 with disease activity, the adjusted risks of LBW, LBW at term, @entity600 , and CAs were 0.2 (0.0-2.6), 0.4 (0.0-3.7), 2.4 (0.6-9.5), and 0.8 (0.2-3.8), respectively. The crude risk of @entity600 was 3.4 (1.1-10.6) in those with moderate-high disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: Disease activity during pregnancy only increased the risk of @entity600 (especially in those with high disease activity). Further research is needed to assess the critical impact of disease activity in larger cohorts of @entity1050 @entity1 .

title: Disease activity in pregnant XXXX with Crohn's disease and birth outcomes: a regional Danish cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A49 -year-old @entity1 presented with a 3.5 cm mass in her right breast. Mammography revealed a lobular mass with poorly defined margins and no microcalcification. Ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass with an irregular margin. The @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity0 using a core needle biopsy. The @entity1 underwent a modified radical mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy, and received adjuvant chemotherapy. The @entity5 consisted of 2 types of @entity189 . The center of the @entity5 was @entity420 , and the periphery was @entity3981 ( @entity18136 ). Histopathologically, the neoplastic cells of the periphery were characterized by widespread acinic cell-like differentiation with a eosinophilic granular or clear cytoplasm, resembling acinic cells of the parotid gland(t3, f[+], ly0, v0, n0, stage II B). Immunohistochemically, the specimens tested positive for salivary gland amylase, and negative for collagen type IV , ER, PgR, and @entity1722 . We administered UFT as adjuvant chemotherapy. Eight months after surgery, local recurrence was observed. @entity18136 of the breast is rare, and has been reported to have a good prognosis. Further investigations are needed to elucidate its true histogenesis the appropriate treatment.

title: [A Case of Primary @entity3981 ( XXXX )of the Breast].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinic cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['solid-tubular carcinoma']

answer: @entity18136 :: (MESH:C563110,Disease) :: ['ACC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distant metastases of solid @entity5 account for about 1% of all @entity5 . In about 30% of all @entity1 who present with an oral @entity3 , the distant primary @entity5 has not been diagnosed yet. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 71-year-old @entity1 who clinically demonstrated @entity16 as well as pathologic fracture of the mandible. @entity263 was identified as a @entity5 . Clinically, there was significant hypesthesia of the skin area innervated by the @entity129 . X-ray examination revealed an osteolytic lesion of the ascending ramus of the mandible as well as a pathologic fracture of the mandible. Further imaging showed an extensive @entity5 of the mandible and adjacent soft tissues and significant supraclavicular lymph node enlargement. The diagnosis of metastatic @entity263 was histopathologically confirmed. CONCLUSION: @entity16 without a dental focus indicates screening for an osseous @entity3 . In cases of left-sided supraclavicular lymph node enlargement in @entity1 over 45 years, @entity263 must be excluded.

title: [ @entity16 and pathologic fracture of the mandible as initial symptoms of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior alveolar nerve']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate carcinoma', 'metastatic prostate carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malign neoplasms', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Mental neuropathy', 'unilateral mental neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['metastatic prostate carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated outcome after laparoscopic esophageal diverticulectomy, myotomy, and partial fundoplication. METHODS: @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1318 and @entity7261 underwent laparoscopic diverticulectomy, Heller myotomy, and partial fundoplication. Intraoperative endoscopy and postoperative esophagography were performed in all @entity1 . @entity1 graded preoperative and postoperative @entity1282 and heartburn on a Likert scale. RESULTS: Anterior fundoplication was performed in five @entity1 and posterior fundoplication in one. Mean follow-up was 9 months (range, 1-17 months). One @entity3816 occurred--an esophagotomy that was laparoscopically repaired. There were no postoperative leaks. @entity1 -reported @entity1282 decreased from 4.5 +/- 0.8 (mean +/- SD) to 1.8 +/- 1.7 ( p < 0.05 matched pair analysis). Heartburn decreased from 4.3 +/- 0.8 to 1.3 +/- 1.3 ( p < 0.05). All @entity1 reported improvement in symptoms after operation. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic esophageal diverticulectomy, Heller myotomy, and partial fundoplication with intraoperative endoscopy safely reduce @entity1282 associated with @entity1318 and @entity23089 while limiting symptoms of @entity354 .

title: Laparoscopic management of symptomatic @entity1318 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['epiphrenic diverticula']

entities_list: @entity23089 :: ('MESH:D004936', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal diverticula']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complication']

answer: @entity7261 :: (MESH:D004240,Disease) :: ['epiphrenic diverticulum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study on early and locally advanced @entity418 was conducted to evaluate locoregional failure and its impact on survival by comparing involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) with elective nodal irradiation (ENI) in combination with concurrent chemotherapy. METHODS: We assessed all @entity1 with @entity418 of stages I-IV treated with definitive radiotherapy from June 2000 to March 2014. Between 2000 and 2011, ENI was used for all cases excluding high age cases. After Feb 2011, a prospective study about IFRT was started, and therefore IFRT was used since then for all cases. Concurrent chemotherapy regimen was @entity1814 (80  mg/m(2) at @entity58712 ) and @entity1487 (800  mg/m(2) at D1-4 and D29-32). RESULTS: Of the 239 consecutive @entity1 assessed (120 ENI vs. 119 IFRT), 59 @entity1 (24.7  %) had stage IV disease and all @entity1 received at least one cycle of chemotherapy. The median follow-up time for survivors was 34.0  months. There were differences in 3-year local control (44.8  % vs. 55.5  %, p   =   0.039), distant control (53.8  % vs. 69.9  %, p   =   0.021) and overall survival (34.8  % vs. 51.6  %, p   =   0.087) rates between ENI vs. IFRT, respectively. @entity1 treated with IFRT (8  %) demonstrated a significantly lower risk (p   =   0.047) of high grade late @entity137 than with ENI (16  %). IFRT did not increase the risk of initially uninvolved or isolated nodal failures (27.5  % in ENI and 13.4  % in IFRT). CONCLUSIONS: Nodal failure rates in clinically uninvolved nodal stations were not increased with IFRT when compared to ENI. IFRT also resulted in significantly decreased @entity137 , suggesting that IFRT may allow for integration of concurrent systemic chemotherapy in a greater proportion of @entity1 . Both tendencies of improved loco-regional progression-free survival and a significant increased overall survival rate favored the IFRT arm over the ENI arm in this study.

title: Involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) versus elective nodal irradiation (ENI) in combination with concurrent chemotherapy for 239 XXXX : a single institutional retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and outcomes of the facial artery perforator and separately elevated @entity9598 ( @entity9598 ) muscle chimeric @entity1912 for the reconstruction of partial or total lower @entity3306 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity1489 located at the lower lip were operated between 2013 and 2015. After the excision of the @entity5 with adequate clear margins using margin controlled excision technique, an appropriate @entity1912 fitting to the resultant defect based on the perforators of the facial artery and @entity9598 muscle was prepared and placed into the defect. The @entity9598 muscle activity was tested with electromyography in the postoperative first year examination. RESULTS: Besides 1 @entity1 with transient @entity4096 , all the flaps healed well without a partial or total @entity1912 loss. The mean follow-up period was 10 months. No new @entity5 or recurrence was observed. Although in 1 @entity1 , transient asymmetric smiling and mild drooling was observed, the overall oral competence results were found to be quite satisfactory. The electromyography evaluation of @entity9598 muscle of 5 @entity1 who reached the postoperative first year examination showed action potential results in normal limits with a slight decrease. All @entity1 were satisfied with the final esthetic and functional result. CONCLUSIONS: The facial artery perforator and depressor angel oris muscle chimeric @entity1912 is a valuable option for reconstruction of lower @entity3306 providing esthetically and functionally good results.

title: Facial Artery Perforator and Depressor Anguli Oris Muscle Chimeric XXXX : A New Design of an Old @entity1912 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor anguli oris', 'DAO']

entities_list: @entity3306 :: ('MESH:D008047', 'Disease') :: ['lip defects']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['malignant skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the urinary concentration of @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) as @entity8 ( @entity8 ) biomarkers before and after endoscopic treatment of moderate to severe @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out on 72 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity3025 . All @entity1 underwent endoscopic treatment using Macroplastique    or Deflux  . @entity3025 resolution was tested by post-operative voiding cystourethrography after 3 months and 2 years. Follow-up urinary samples were collected at that time. Control samples were taken from healthy @entity1 with no clinical evidence of @entity8 and no history of UTI. RESULTS: In @entity3025 @entity1 , pre-operative urinary @entity4179 levels had a down-regulation when compared to controls. Following successful @entity3025 repair, urinary @entity4179 levels of @entity3025 @entity1 progressively increased only at long term follow-up but without returning to normal levels. Urinary @entity2842 levels were highly expressed in pre-operative samples and decreased markedly during early post-operative measurements. Urinary @entity2842 levels did not further decreased in late post-operative follow-up. In fact, these levels remained significantly higher when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary levels of @entity4179 and @entity2842 may become useful markers for monitoring the response to surgical treatment in @entity3025 @entity1 . Although endoscopic @entity3025 treatment is effective in reducing the inflammatory response, the persistence of significant abnormal levels of inflammatory cytokines (such as urinary @entity2842 ) at long term follow-up suggests that surgery alone may not completely treat the @entity740 evidenced in these @entity1 .

title: Urinary excretion of XXXX and @entity2842 in @entity1 with vesicoureteral reflux.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RN', 'renal and bladder disease', 'reflux nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesico-ureteral reflux', 'VUR', 'Vesico-ureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

answer: @entity4179 :: (1950,Gene) :: ['EGF']


abstract: It has been suggested that surgical release of synostosed sutures may ameliorate various @entity129 in craniosynostotic @entity1 . The present study was designed to test this hypothesis in a @entity95 model with @entity91 ( @entity91 ). Data were collected from 56 New Zealand White @entity95 : 32 unaffected controls, 11 with unoperated @entity91 , and 13 with @entity91 released by suturectomy performed at 25 days of age. Serial radiographs were taken at 25, 42 and 84 days. Linear, angular and triangular shape cranial base measurements were compared using ANOVA and tensor biometric analysis. Results revealed that at 84 days, both groups of @entity91 @entity95 had significantly (p < 0.05) different anterior and total cranial base lengths, flatter cranial base angles, and @entity4238 shapes when compared with normals. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were noted only for palatal and cranial base angles and posterior cranial base shape between @entity91 @entity95 with and without suturectomy. However, significant (p < 0.05) changes were noted between pre- and postoperative measurements in posterior and total cranial base lengths and anterior and posterior cranial base shapes in @entity91 @entity95 with suturectomy. Results revealed that surgical release of synostosed coronal sutures through suturectomy did not normalize cranial base growth patterns in @entity91 @entity95 . These findings may be explained by the relatively late age of surgical release or suturectomy site resynostosis with continued dysmorphic cranial base growth. Alternatively, @entity129 seen in @entity91 @entity95 may be early primary @entity600 , not secondary deformations amenable to surgical modification.

title: Cranial base changes following coronal suturectomy in craniosynostotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial base abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic anterior cranial base']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['familial coronal suture synostosis', 'CSS']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']