abstract: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) is primarily or secondarily caused by a @entity65 . The pattern of @entity4346 is distinctive in @entity1184 or @entity296 and differs from that seen in @entity4346 caused by @entity101 or @entity472 . A 42-year-old Japanese @entity1 had @entity4346 similar to that with @entity1121 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity13785 ( @entity24575 ). Echocardiography showed that he had severe @entity4346 , and concomitant @entity382 and @entity4053 , which led to measurement of @entity32404 ( @entity32404 ) activity; it was undetectable. Sequence analysis of the @entity32404 gene encoding @entity32404 showed a novel nonsense mutation: a @entity56535 in exon 8, resulting in substitution of the @entity369 codon by the stop codon ( @entity56536 ). The @entity1 was homozygous for the mutation. @entity296 in this @entity1 was caused by a nonsense mutation in the @entity32404 gene. Five other Japanese @entity24575 @entity1 over 30 years of age have all presented with @entity296 , as well as @entity382 and @entity4053 . @entity1 with @entity4346 associated with @entity382 and @entity4053 should undergo biochemical and genetic analyses for @entity24575 .

title: A Japanese @entity1 with @entity296 caused by a novel mutation @entity56536 in the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiomyopathy', 'cardiomyopathy', 'metabolic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity56535 :: ('c|SUB|C|285|T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C-to-T transition at codon 285']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity32404 :: ('178', 'Gene') :: ['AGL', 'GDE', 'glycogen debranching enzyme']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['glycogen storage disease type IIIa']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular or systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity32404 :: (178,Gene) :: ['AGL']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of glucocorticoid replacement quality in @entity1887 ( @entity1887 ) relies primarily on clinical judgement and thus largely depends on the physician's expertise. It is a matter of debate whether @entity701 day curves are of value in assessing glucocorticoid replacement quality. Here we compared the results of a structured clinical assessment to the outcome of repeated, timed serum @entity701 measurements. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in the outpatient department of a university teaching hospital. @entity1 : Forty-six @entity1 (19 @entity1 , 27 @entity1 , age range 16-76 years) with primary (n = 23) and secondary (n = 23) @entity1887 on stable replacement with a median dose of 37.5 mg @entity7043 (range 25-50 mg) since 10 +/- 7 years (range 1-31 years). MEASUREMENTS: Clinical performance was scored by structured assessment of signs and symptoms, physical examination and routine biochemical tests. Serum @entity701 was measured on two to three separate occasions in three timed samples after the morning glucocorticoid dose. Bone mineral density was measured in 15 @entity1 with long-standing glucocorticoid replacement. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were considered well replaced, whereas clinical scores suggested over- or under-replacement in five and four, respectively. There was no correlation of the clinical score with total or body weight-adjusted glucocorticoid dose. The mean z score of serum @entity701 differed significantly between under- and over-replaced @entity1 (P < 0.05) but neither group differed significantly from well-replaced @entity1 . Bone mineral density was normal in all @entity1 studied. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that serum @entity701 day curves are of limited value in the monitoring of glucocorticoid replacement. Bone mineral density in @entity1887 is generally normal and does not require routine follow-up.

title: Quality of glucocorticoid replacement in @entity1887 : clinical assessment vs. timed serum XXXX measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency', 'AI']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7043 :: ('MESH:C015087', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone acetate']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2931 receptor beta ( @entity1783 ) modulates @entity1782 activity; wild type @entity1783 (ERbeta1) and its splice variants may therefore impact on hormone responsiveness of @entity0 . ERbeta2/ERbetacx acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of @entity1782 and expression of ERbeta2 mRNA has been proposed as a candidate marker for outcome in primary @entity0 following adjuvant endocrine therapy. We therefore now assess ERbeta2 protein by immunostaining and mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR in relation to treatment outcome. METHODS: ERbeta2-specific immunostaining was quantified in 141 primary @entity0 cases receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy, but no neoadjuvant therapy or adjuvant chemotherapy. The expression of mRNA for ERbeta2/ERbetacx was measured in 100 cases by quantitative RT-PCR. Statistical analysis of @entity0 and @entity0 survival was performed using Kaplan Meier log-rank tests and Cox's univariate and multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS: High ERbeta2 immunostaining (Allred score >5) and high ERbeta2 mRNA levels were independently associated with significantly better outcome across the whole cohort, including both @entity1782 positive and negative cases (Log-Rank P < 0.05). However, only ERbeta2 mRNA levels were significantly associated with better outcome in the @entity1782 + subgroup (Log-Rank P = 0.01) and this was independent of grade, size, nodal status and @entity1420 receptor status (Cox hazard ratio 0.31 P = 0.02 for relapse; 0.17 P = 0.01 for survival). High ERbeta2 mRNA was also associated with better outcome in node negative cases (Log Rank P < 0.001).ERbeta2 protein levels were greater in @entity1782 positive cases (T-test P = 0.00001), possibly explaining the association with better outcome. Levels of ERbeta2 protein did not correlate ERbeta2 mRNA levels, but 34% of cases had both high mRNA and protein and had a significantly better outcome (Log-Rank relapse P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: High ERbeta2 protein levels were associated with @entity1782 expression. Although most cases with high ERbeta2 mRNA had strong ERbeta2 immunostaining, mRNA levels but not protein levels were independently predictive of outcome in @entity440 -treated @entity1782 + @entity5 . Post-transcriptional control needs to be considered when assessing the biological or clinical importance of @entity1783 proteins.

title: Association of @entity2931 receptor beta 2 ( @entity1783 2/ @entity1783 cx) with outcome of adjuvant endocrine treatment for primary XXXX --a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer relapse', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['Oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) is a hormone that modulates a variety of agronomically important growth and developmental processes and various stresses responses, but its signal transduction pathways remain poorly understood. @entity53419 , a member of ROP small GTPases in @entity958 ( @entity958 ), is a plasma membrane-associated protein specifically involved in negative regulation of @entity2272 responses. To dissect the @entity53419 -mediated @entity2272 signaling, we carried out transcriptome analysis using the @entity958 full-genome chip. Our analysis revealed a total of 262 and 125 genes that were, respectively, up- and down-regulated (> or =2-fold cutoff) by 1 mum @entity2272 in wild type (Wassilewskija [Ws]); 42 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated genes have not been identified in other studies. Consistent with the nonpleiotropic phenotypes of @entity53419 -1, only three genes were altered in @entity53419 -1 in the absence of @entity2272 treatment. In response to 1 microm @entity2272 , 341 and 127 genes were, respectively, activated and repressed in @entity53419 -1. Interestingly, a particular subset of 21 genes that were not altered by 1 microm @entity2272 in Ws but only activated in @entity53419 -1 was identified. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the existence of three distinct categories of @entity2272 dose-response patterns. One novel category is characterized by their @entity2272 unresponsiveness in Ws and activation in @entity53419 -1 at 1 microm but not 10 and 100 microm of @entity2272 . This indicates that @entity53419 gates the expression of genes that are specific to low concentrations of @entity2272 . Furthermore, almost all of these 21 genes are known to be highly induced by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, we found that @entity53419 -1 enhanced the sensitivity of seed germination inhibition to @entity2656 and @entity2827 . Our results suggest that @entity53419 negatively regulates @entity2272 responses by specifically and differentially modulating the @entity2272 sensitivity of a subset of genes including protein kinases and @entity219 -finger family proteins.

title: Transcriptome analysis reveals specific modulation of XXXX signaling by @entity53419 small GTPase in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['Abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['abscisic acid']


abstract: The present study was aimed to determine the clinicopathologic factors that predict false negative (FN) PET results in these @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 116 breast lesions in 111 @entity1 (pre-menopausal 45; perimenopausal 15; post-menopausal 51) with known or suspicious of @entity0 who underwent FDG-PET scans for staging, were included in this study. The median age was 52+/-11 years (range 32-79 years). All PET studies results were correlated with follow-up surgical pathology results. A cut off value of 2.5 was considered for positive or negative PET results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with FN results. RESULTS: Of 116 breast lesions, 85 were malignant and 31 were benign on histopathology. Of the 85 malignant lesions, 41 were true positive (TP) and 44 were FN. Among the 31 benign lesions, 30 were true negative and one was false positive. There was significant difference in the @entity5 size (p=0.003) and @entity5 grade (p=0.001) in @entity1 with TP and FN PET results. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that @entity5 size (< or =10 mm) and low @entity5 grade were independently associated with FN results. No significant relationship of FN PET results was found with age, menopausal status, @entity5 type, @entity1722 , @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors, sentinel lymph node or distant @entity3 , parenchymal density and multifocality of primary @entity0 . CONCLUSION: In present study, @entity5 size and @entity5 grade are independent factors that predict FDG-PET results. @entity5 (< or =10 mm) and low-grade @entity5 are strong predictor of FN FDG-PET results.

title: Clinicopathologic factors associated with false negative FDG-PET in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Smaller tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Many @entity1 @entity5 cell lines which have been maintained in @entity2241 ( @entity2241 )-supplemented medium produce and secrete many substances such as @entity69 , alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, @entity908 kinase, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, @entity1735 antigen 19/9, and cytokines including colony-stimulating factors and transforming growth factor, and further they may produce small amounts of unknown substances. Usually, small amounts of substances have to be concentrated as highly as possible for detection, but @entity2241 interferes with this procedure. A protein-free culture system is an ideal method for detecting small quantities of substances which originate from @entity5 cells without interference by @entity2241 . However, we were concerned that protein-free culture may interrupt the production of the substances which have been produced in @entity2241 -supplemented medium. In this study, we investigated the productibility of 46 kinds of well-known substances in ten newly established cell lines derived from @entity1 @entity788 . These cell lines were propagated in a protein-free non- @entity2241 -supplemented medium. Of the ten cases, one cell line alone that was derived from acinal cell @entity189 propagated as a semisuspension; on the other hand, nine cell lines that were derived from ductal cell @entity189 propagated as monolayers without piling up. This method prolongs the doubling time, which is not affected by the addition of @entity2241 . The spent media of these cell lines were collected aseptically after the removal of cell debris and concentrated by ultrafiltration using a Pericon cassette followed by lyophilization. Using 46 kinds of available antibodies, we investigated whether or not the substances which react to these antibodies could be detected in the spent media and in the cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. Among these cell lines, HPC-Y11 produced and secreted the most kinds of substances, and the production of those substances was lowest in @entity4306 . In conclusion, our protein-free culture system can be available in every laboratory, since this is not only an economical method, but also an effective method for the saving of purification procedures. Moreover, this is a most suitable method for surveying unknown substances derived from @entity5 cell lines.

title: Characterization of new @entity1 XXXX cell lines which propagate in a protein-free chemically defined medium.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The haemodynamic monitor PiCCO System, based on transpulmonary arterial thermodilution, has been used with a brachial-axillary access instead of the femoral arterial access during @entity1028 surgical repair. Accuracy and limitations of pulse contour continuous cardiac output (PCCO) were evaluated on the basis of arterial thermodilution cardiac output. The patterns of cardiac index, preload, afterload and cardiac function parameters were also studied in the different phases of the surgical procedure. METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 were studied. Mean differences (bias) between PCCO and arterial thermodilution cardiac output were calculated by the Bland-Altman test. Analysis of variance with multiple comparison test of haemodynamic variables in the different phases were performed. The correlation coefficients between cardiac index and the volumetric preload variables were also obtained. RESULTS: Brachial artery catheterization was achieved without any major complication. Pulse contour continuous cardiac index (CI) and arterial thermodilution CI values showed overall mean differences (bias) of -0.04 L  @entity1009 . m-2 (SD 0.8) but after aortic cross-clamping and aortic unclamping they were 0.64 L  @entity1009 . m-2 (SD 0.57) e -0.57 L  @entity1009 . m-2 (SD 0.85), respectively (p<0.05). CI, global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) and intrathoracic blood volume (ITBVI) were significantly lower during aortic cross-clamping. CI was not correlated to central venous pressure (r=0.18) but instead, to GEDV (r=0.57) and ITBVI (r=0.65). CONCLUSIONS: PiCCO System with @entity432 was suitable for haemodynamic monitoring of the @entity1028 surgical repair procedures. PCCO must be recalibrated with arterial thermodilution after aortic cross-clamping and unclamping to avoid an over-estimation and an under-estimation respectively. During aortic cross-clamping GEDV and ITBVI indicated a decreased preload. Other haemodynamic variables were less valuable but EVLWI showed an interesting steady increase during the whole procedure.

title: [The PiCCO system with @entity432 in hemodynamic monitoring during surgery of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['brachial-axillary arterial access']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) has been shown to improve the surgical success of trabeculectomy; however, the advantages of @entity1139 have been evaluated almost entirely as an adjunct to limbal-based trabeculectomy. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of fornix-based trabeculectomy with @entity1139 for glaucomatous @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 1993 and April 1995, 71 @entity1 underwent fornix-based trabeculectomy with topical application of 0.4 mg/ml of @entity1139 for 3 minutes. The conjunctiva-Tenon's capsule flap was spread over the limbus and sutured in order to create a visible crease with a water-tight closure. The mean follow-up time was 14.5 months. RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) before surgery was 32.4 +/- 9.7 mm Hg. The average postoperative IOP was 14.04 +/- 9.57 mm Hg. An IOP of 20 mm Hg or less was observed in 57 eyes (80%). Postoperatively, 37 eyes (52%) required no additional medical therapy. One month after surgery, only 2 @entity1 had wound leakage with @entity8814 and @entity1713 . Two eyes (3%) had @entity548 with @entity1018 . A conjunctival "buttonhole" occurred in 2 eyes (3%), but only 1 persisted more than a month. CONCLUSIONS: Fornix-based trabeculectomy using intraoperative application of 0.4 mg/ml of @entity1139 for 3 minutes was found to be as safe and effective as limbal-based trabeculectomy with @entity1139 .

title: Fornix-based trabeculectomy with XXXX -C.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['suprachoroidal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin-C']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyaluronan (HA) is a prominent extracellular matrix component undergoing continuous production and degradation. Increased HA levels have been described in a variety of @entity5 . The objective of this study was to examine the staining patterns of HA and two of its associated receptors ( @entity1759 and HARE) in relation to the metastatic potential of @entity3975 ( @entity3975 ). Immunohistochemical staining of preserved surgical specimens was used. METHODS: Tissues from 12 @entity1 with a histologic diagnosis of salivary @entity3975 (10 parotid, one submandibular gland, one minor salivary gland) were studied. Half (six of 12) of the @entity1 had regional metastases. @entity5 , normal salivary tissue, and regional lymph nodes were stained for HA, @entity1759 , and HARE expression. Specimens were graded for staining intensity and a percent of the specimen stained. RESULTS: Normal salivary tissue did not demonstrate epithelial cell surface HA expression, whereas HA was expressed on @entity5 cells and in regional lymph nodes containing metastases. These differences were both significant using Student's t test (p < .00002, and p < .0022, respectively). @entity5 with positive nodes tended to have greater cell surface HA. Decreased expression or downregulation of HARE was also noted in involved lymph nodes. No differences in @entity1759 expression were seen between primary specimens and lymph nodes. The observed staining patterns for @entity1759 and HARE were not reflective of the metastatic potential of the primary @entity3975 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased HA expression was seen on @entity3975 cells compared with adjacent normal salivary gland epithelium. This observation may assist in explaining the development of regional metastasis in these @entity5 . We did not identify specific HA, @entity1759 , or HARE staining patterns in primary lesions that were predictive of regional metastases.

title: Hyaluronan and its receptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma', 'MC']

answer: @entity3975 :: (MESH:D018277,Disease) :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2521 is an @entity166 . Our previous studies have revealed that @entity34182 (IM) regulates intercellular junctional function and chemokine secretion in gingival epithelium, resulting in the suppression of the onset of @entity2520 in a @entity35 model. Therefore, it is plausible that IM is a promising preventive remedy for @entity2520 . In this study, to gain a better understanding of IM in gingival epithelial cells, we employed a DNA microarray analysis. More specifically, @entity1 gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) were exposed to @entity3841 (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in the presence or absence of IM. Then, a @entity1 genome focus array was used. A. actinomycetemcomitans facilitated the expression of several inflammatory-related genes, including these for @entity1549 , @entity650 , and @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) in HGEC, while these mRNA levels were attenuated by IM treatment. Importantly, consistent with mRNA levels, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining and ELISA analysis indicated that IM also abrogated the A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced increase in @entity1549 , @entity650 , and @entity2071 at the protein level. In addition, inhibition of the ERK or @entity1435 MAP kinase signaling cascade, previously reported to be disturbed by IM treatment in HGEC, clearly blocked A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced @entity1549 , @entity650 , or @entity2071 protein expression. Moreover, animal study revealed that IM-pretreatment inhibited the A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced increase of @entity2071 in gingival junctional epithelium. Taken together, these results suggested that IM can regulate inflammatory responses in HGEC by inhibiting the ERK or @entity1435 MAP kinase signaling cascade, which may result in suppression of @entity32 in gingival tissue, thereby contributing to the prevention of @entity2521 .

title: @entity34182 regulates the inflammatory related genes in XXXX gingival epithelial cells stimulated by @entity3841 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity34182 :: ('MESH:C041836', 'Chemical') :: ['irsogladine maleate']

entities_list: @entity1549 :: ('4314', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3', 'MMP-3']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious inflammatory disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Reports from a number of laboratories describe the presence of a family of proteins (the major intrinsic protein family) in a variety of organisms. These proteins are postulated to form channels that function in metabolite transport. In plants, this family is represented by the product of NOD26, a nodulation gene in @entity1460 that encodes a protein of the peribacteroid membrane, and tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP), an abundant protein in the tonoplast of protein storage vacuoles of bean seeds ( @entity573 Johnson, H H  fte, MJ Chrispeels [1990] Plant Cell 2: 525-532). Other homologs that are induced by water stress in @entity3587 and in @entity958 and that are expressed in the roots of @entity286 have been reported, but the location of the proteins they encode is not known. We now report the presence and derived @entity535 sequences of two different TIP proteins in A. thaliana. alpha-TIP is a seed-specific protein that has 68% @entity535 sequence identity with bean seed TIP; gamma-TIP is expressed in the entire vegetative body of A. thaliana and has 58% @entity535 identity with bean seed TIP. Both proteins are associated with the tonoplast. Comparisons of the derived @entity535 sequences of the seven known plant proteins in the major intrinsic protein family show that genes with similar expression patterns (e.g. water stress-induced or seed specific) are more closely related to each other than the three A. thaliana homologs are related. We propose that the nonoverlapping gene expression patterns reported here, and the evolutionary relationships indicated by the phylogenetic tree, suggest a functional specialization of these proteins.

title: Vegetative and Seed-Specific Forms of Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein in the Vacuolar Membrane of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: Neural tissue and smooth muscle appear early in the developing fetal lung, but little is known of their origin and subsequent distribution. To investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of nerves, @entity21 , and airway smooth muscle during the early pseudoglandular stage, fetal @entity19 lungs at embryonic days (E) 11 to 14 were immunostained as whole-mounts and imaged by confocal microscopy. At E11, the primordial lung consisted of the future @entity825 and two budding epithelial tubules that were covered in smooth muscle to the base of the growing buds. The vagus and processes entering the lung were positive for the neural markers @entity10500 ( @entity10500 ) and synapsin but no neurons were stained at this stage. An antibody to @entity20384 revealed neural crest cells on the future @entity825 as well as in the vagus and in processes extending from the vagus to the lung. This finding indicates that even though neuronal precursors are already present at this stage, they are still migrating into the lung. By E12, neural tissue was abundant in the proximal part of the lung and nerves followed the smooth muscle-covered tubules to the base of the growing buds. At @entity9073 and @entity9072 , a neural network of interconnected @entity21 , innervated by the vagus, covered the @entity825 . The postganglionic nerves mainly followed the smooth muscle-covered tubules, but some extended out into the mesenchyme beyond the epithelial buds. Furthermore, we show in a model of cultured lung explants that neural tissue and smooth muscle persist and continue to grow and differentiate in vitro. By using fluorescent markers and confocal microscopy, we present the developing lung as a dynamic structure with smooth muscle and neural tissue in a prime position to influence growth and development.

title: Spatial and temporal distribution of nerves, @entity21 , and smooth muscle during the early pseudoglandular stage of fetal XXXX lung development.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity5 , also known as @entity5 , behave like benign @entity5 ; however, they show the characteristics of @entity189 . While more than 80% of the @entity5 found in the liver are metastatic, primary @entity99 are very rare. Five @entity1 with @entity99 who admitted to our clinic between August 2003 and July 2007 were treated surgically. Ultrasonography, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in all @entity1 . Endoscopy and colonoscopy were conducted to exclude @entity5 of other sites. Hepatectomy was carried out in all @entity1 . Diagnosis was confirmed with immunohistochemical examination. The five @entity1 treated surgically were diagnosed as @entity99 histopathologically. @entity490 was the most common complaint of all @entity1 . Hepatectomy was conducted in all @entity1 due to @entity5 originating from the liver lobes. Only one @entity1 (Case 2) underwent transarterial chemoembolization before hepatectomy to reduce @entity5 bleeding. Owing to @entity5 recurrence on the left lobe of the liver in Case 2, transarterial chemoembolization was performed four years after hepatectomy. R0 resection was achieved in two @entity1 (Cases 1 and 3). In conclusion, primary @entity99 are very rare and asymptomatic @entity5 . Thus, high-sensitive laboratory and imaging examinations are required. At present, hepatectomy remains the main treatment for @entity99 .

title: XXXX : Five cases with different preoperative diagnoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Neuroendocrine tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'carcinoid tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic mass', 'hepatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor']


abstract: An 18-year-old Morgan mare was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Illinois, with a 10-day history of watery @entity294 , @entity308 , and @entity1282 . On admission, the animal was severely dehydrated, @entity308 , and unable to swallow and had no clinical signs of @entity294 . The respiratory and heart rate and body temperature were within normal limits. Following fluid therapy, the mare developed severe watery @entity294 and continued to be @entity308 , incoordinated, and dysphagic. The animal died on the fourth day after admission and was sent to the Laboratories of Veterinary Diagnostic Medicine for necropsy. Gross postmortem findings were consistent with an acute @entity385 in the right cerebral hemisphere, an acute necrotizing typhlocolitis, multifocal petechial and ecchymotic @entity548 , enlarged and congested pars intermedia of the pituitary gland, and marked bilateral @entity1636 with multifocal areas of @entity39 and @entity548 . Histologic evaluation of the affected brain demonstrated an area of coagulative @entity39 of the gray matter, with @entity548 , @entity1333 , and @entity715 . There were many fungal hyphae 3.5-6.0 microm, pale basophilic, septate, and occasionally branching at 45 degrees present in the arterial walls and throughout the necrotic tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed @entity11150 as the etiologic agent responsible for the @entity1333 and @entity1188 in the brain. Bacteria culture and immunohistochemical staining of the colon and cecum failed to demonstrate specific pathogens.

title: Necrotizing @entity1333 with XXXX caused by @entity11150 in a horse with acute typholocolitis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine if preprocedural statin treatment is associated with a @entity65 after @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity543 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study resulting in a prospective database was approved by the institutional ethics review board; written informed consent was obtained. The approval and informed consent included future retrospective analysis. Consecutive @entity1 (n = 180) from the prospective database underwent @entity3538 for high-grade symptomatic @entity66 . The frequency of @entity65 (composite of @entity64 , @entity583 , and @entity204 within 30 days after @entity3538 ) between 127 @entity1 without preprocedural statin treatment and that of 53 @entity1 with preprocedural statin treatment at @entity3538 were compared with chi2 and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The overall 30-day @entity583 rate was two of 180 (1%) @entity1 , the minor @entity64 rate was 16 of 180 (9%) @entity1 , the major @entity64 rate was one of 180 (0.5%) @entity1 , and the @entity204 rate was two of 180 (1%) @entity1 . The incidence of @entity65 (composite of @entity64 , @entity583 , and @entity204 within 30 days after @entity3538 ) was significantly different between @entity1 with preprocedural treatment (4%) and those without preprocedural statin treatment (15%) (P < .05). These higher complication rates among @entity1 without preprocedural statin treatment were not mediated by adjustment for age, sex, other baseline characteristics, degree of @entity543 , use of cerebral protection devices, or the year in which @entity3538 was performed. CONCLUSION: Preprocedural statin therapy appears to reduce the incidence of @entity64 , @entity583 , and @entity204 within 30 days after @entity3538 . Future prospective randomized trials are warranted to further assess this potential protective effect of statin drugs during carotid interventions.

title: Statin therapy at @entity3538 : effect on procedure-related @entity64 , XXXX , and @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'carotid angioplasty and stent placement']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Posterior @entity20699 is known to develop early in @entity1714 . However, the prevalence of @entity20699 in relation to @entity1 age and degree of @entity1714 has not been studied by modern vitreous examination methods. METHODS: The vitreous conditions of 224 eyes with @entity1714 (> -6 diopters [D]) were examined biomicroscopically with a +90-D present lens and a Goldmann three-mirror contact lens. The vitreous conditions of 220 eyes with emmetropia (between -1 and +1 D) also were studied and served as controls. RESULTS: In @entity1714 , no @entity1 29 years of age or younger had @entity20699 . Thereafter, the prevalence of @entity20699 increased with age (i.e., 23%, 29%, 44%, and 72% in the fourth through seventh decades, respectively, and 100% of @entity1 70 years or older). Moreover, @entity20699 developed earlier in severe @entity1714 (> -10 D) than in moderate @entity1714 (> -6 to -10 D). In emmetropia, no @entity1 39 years of age or younger had @entity20699 , and its prevalence also increased with age (i.e., 8%, 23%, 44%, 74%, and 86% in the fifth through ninth decades, respectively). CONCLUSION: In @entity1714 , @entity20699 develops increasingly with age and degree of @entity1714 . Although the sample size in each age group was small, the results suggested that @entity20699 may develop nearly 10 years earlier in highly myopic than in emmetropic eyes.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in high myopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia', 'myopia']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous detachment', 'posterior vitreous detachment']

answer: @entity20699 :: (MESH:D020255,Disease) :: ['posterior vitreous detachment']


abstract: AIMS: To determine whether @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ) is a significant predictor of visual field and optic disc progression in @entity1538 . METHODS: Data were obtained from a prospective study of @entity726 @entity1 tested with static automated perimetry and confocal scanning laser tomography every 6 months. Progression was determined using a trend based approach called evidence of change (EOC) analysis in which sectoral ordinal scores based on the significance of regression coefficients of visual field pattern deviation and neuroretinal rim area over time are summed. Visual field progression was also determined using the event based @entity726 change probability (GCP) analysis using both total and pattern deviation. RESULTS: The sample contained 101 eyes of 54 @entity1 (mean (SD) age 56.5 (9.8) years) with a mean follow up of 9.2 (0.7) years and 20.7 (2.3) sets of examinations every 6 months. Lower @entity2840 was associated with @entity227 and lower mean IOP in the follow up. In the longitudinal analysis @entity2840 was not correlated with the EOC scores for visual field or optic disc change. In the GCP analyses, there was a tendency for groups classified as progressing to have lower @entity2840 compared to non-progressing groups. In a multivariate analyses accounting for IOP, the opposite was found, whereby higher @entity2840 was associated with @entity227 . None of the independent factors were predictive of optic disc progression. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity1 with @entity726 , @entity2840 was not a useful index in the risk assessment of visual field and optic disc progression.

title: Central XXXX in @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['CCT', 'central corneal thickness']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['worse baseline visual fields', 'visual field progression']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'established glaucoma']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['corneal thickness and progression of the visual field and optic disc']


abstract: Background.Avascular @entity39 of the @entity2738 continues to represent a major challenge for the orthopaedist and @entity130 surgeon. A fully effective method of treatment is yet to be introduced. After @entity2738 collapse, only total hip replacement can help the @entity1 . Our study aims to assess the effects of treatment of @entity2530 of the @entity2738 with extra corporeal focused shockwave therapy.Material and methods. A prospective study was carried out in @entity1 with @entity2530 of the @entity2738 , ARCO stage I-III, diagnosed by MRI imaging. Shock waves are applied under x-ray guidance. Four points are marked on the skin above the lesion. Each spot receives a dose of 1500 pulses at an energy flux density of 0.4 mJ/mm2 and a frequency of 4 Hz. Each @entity1 undergoes 5 therapy sessions. A posturometric and stabilometric assessment is carried out before and after the therapy. Other examinations include a tensometric evaluation of the strength of the treated limb, and an assessment of @entity158 intensity (VAS scale)and hip function (Harris hip score). Follow-up visits are scheduled at 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months post-treatment.Results. Nine @entity1 were treated with shockwave therapy at the Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Traumatology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Silesia, between 5 May 2011 and 1 June 2012. The @entity1 demonstrated @entity158 reduction and improved mobility of the treated joint (VAS score decreasing from 6.75 +/- 0.71 to 2.5 +/- 1.7; Harris hip score increasing from 55.21 +/- 15.45 to 89.21 +/- 8.26). Tensometric platform testing carried out after the treatment revealed a statistically significant difference between mean velocity of the centre of pressure (CoP) movement when walking with eyes open and closed (p<0.05) and mean CoP movement along the x (walking with eyes closed) and y (free standing with eyes closed) axes.Conclusions. 1. Extracorporeal focused shockwave therapy resulted in considerable improvement in the @entity1 ' quality of life at 6 weeks' follow-up. 2. At 6 months some @entity1 reported intensified @entity158 and worse hip function.

title: The effects of treatment the XXXX of the @entity2738 with extracorporeal focused shockwave therapy.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['avascular necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early and midterm results of covered Cheatham- @entity902 (CP) stent for treatment of @entity1498 ( @entity9931 ) in adolescents and adults. METHODS: From January 2007 to June 2011, 9 consecutive cases of @entity9931 underwent covered CP stent implantation. There were 4 male and 5 female @entity1 , aging from 13 to 44 years with a mean of (24    11) years. The covered CP stent and balloon-in-balloon catheter were selected according to digital subtraction angiography measurements. The covered CP stents were expanded to appropriate diameter by inflation of the inner balloon and outer balloon successively. The systolic pressure gradient across the @entity850 and narrowest degree of the stenotic vessels were compared before and after the procedure. RESULTS: After the procedure, the systolic pressure gradient across the @entity850 decreased from (66    21) mmHg to (9    4) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa, t = 9.13, P = 0.000) and the narrowest degree of @entity9931 decreased from 79%    12% to 17    4% (t = 16.65, P = 0.000). During a mean follow-up of (33    22) months (ranging 4 to 54 months), no intrastent @entity256 were found and systolic pressure gradient from upper to low extremity was not more than 15 mmHg in each case. CONCLUSIONS: Covered CP stent implantation is safe and effective for treatment of @entity9931 in adolescents and adults. The early and midterm results are encouraging, but long term results require further follow-up and observation.

title: [Early and midterm results of covered Cheatham- @entity902 stent for treatment of XXXX : a report of 9 cases].

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical pattern and long-term course of chronic inferior vena cava (IVC) obstructions are variable and depend on the underlying cause, the segment involved, and the extension of secondary @entity715 . Pertinent data on @entity6323 in well-defined series of @entity1 are lacking. We report the sequelae of @entity6323 in the hepatic segment in 11 consecutive @entity1 derived from a cohort of 104 @entity1 with @entity409 . METHODS: Based on the results of computed tomography scans, 11 @entity1 (7 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ; mean age, 53.4 years) with @entity6323 were selected from an ongoing prospective long-term chemotherapy trial comprising 104 @entity1 with @entity4281 studied at yearly intervals according to a protocol. Obstruction of the IVC in the 11 @entity1 existed for a mean duration of 8.6 years. In these @entity1 , magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess the morphologic features and extension of the @entity6323 , as well as the collateral venous pathways. Patency and valvular function of the femoropopliteal veins were analyzed by color-coded duplex ultrasonography. RESULTS: Total occlusions of the IVC were evident in 8 @entity1 (73%) and subtotal stenoses in 3 @entity1 (27%). Only 4 @entity1 (36%) exhibited signs and symptoms of @entity4096 of the lower extremities; 2 (18%) of the 4 had a history of swelling in the lower extremity. Seven @entity1 (64%) had no lower extremity symptoms. One @entity1 had a history of @entity1151 . Abdominal collateral veins were documented in 5 @entity1 (45%) by using magnetic resonance imaging; however, they were clinically evident in only 3 @entity1 (27%). In the 8 @entity1 with @entity432 , @entity715 ended at the confluence of the hepatic veins. Obstruction of the IVC was limited to the hepatic segment in 2 @entity1 (18%) and extended to the distal IVC or the iliofemoral veins in 6 @entity1 (54%). @entity4096 was present only if the femoropopliteal veins had been involved in the thrombotic process, showing residual @entity432 , @entity340 , or both. @entity715 with moderate @entity644 was observed in 2 @entity1 (18%). The main collateral drainage was achieved through the ascending lumbar, azygos, and hemiazygos veins. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity4281 , obstruction of the IVC in the hepatic segment often develops asymptomatically and rarely leads to the @entity8 . The collateral circulation fully compensates for obstruction of the IVC. @entity715 involvement and @entity340 of the femoropopliteal veins seems to determine the development of @entity4096 of the lower extremities.

title: XXXX of the liver: sequelae of chronic inferior vena cava obstructions in the hepatic segment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar echinococcosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction', 'IVC occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic venous insufficiency', 'chronic venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['IVC obstruction', 'chronic IVC obstructions', 'IVC obstructions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombotic', 'Bilateral renal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular incompetence']

entities_list: @entity4281 :: ('MESH:C536591', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar echinococcosis']

answer: @entity4281 :: (MESH:C536591,Disease) :: ['Alveolar echinococcosis']


abstract: We investigated the effects of a neuropeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide- (PACAP) 27, on the sinoatrial nodal pacemaker activity and the mechanisms for the cardiac effects of @entity11697 in the autonomically decentralized heart of the anesthetized @entity235 . @entity11697 (0.01-0.3 nmol) injected into the sinus node artery increased followed by decreased sinus rate. @entity11697 (0.1 and 0.3 nmol) caused @entity955 spontaneously. After @entity3897 , @entity11697 never decreased but only increased sinus rate as did vasoactive intestinal peptide. However, @entity1169 did not affect the negative and positive chronotropic effects. @entity1022 but not @entity4033 abolished the negative chronotropic response to @entity11697 in @entity3897 nontreated @entity235 , and @entity1022 also inhibited the positive chronotropic response by 34% in @entity3897 -treated @entity235 . In @entity3897 - and @entity1169 -treated @entity235 , positive chronotropic responses to @entity11697 were inhibited by @entity55330 , a PACAP receptor antagonist but not by vasoactive intestinal peptide (10-28), a vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor antagonist. These results indicate that @entity11697 causes the negative chronotropic effect through the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve activation and it produces the positive chronotropic effect mediated by PACAP receptors with an activation of non-adrenergic, nonvasoactive intestinal peptide-ergic nerves at least in part in the @entity235 heart. @entity3897 and @entity1022 abolished @entity955 induced by @entity11697 but other blockers did not. These results suggest that neurally released @entity934 induced by @entity11697 participates in the induction of @entity955 .

title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-27 causes a biphasic chronotropic effect and @entity955 in autonomically decentralized, anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin', 'tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Interposition arthroplasty reportedly improves outcomes after traditional salvage procedures for advanced @entity24070 . We hypothesized this procedure can provide @entity158 relief and satisfactory function with few complications. We examined 18 @entity1 with severe articular cartilage loss who received 21 interposition arthroplasties. The @entity1 a mean age was 56 years. They had a mean followup of 38 months. All @entity1 had substantial loss of articular cartilage when examined intraoperatively. @entity1 were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society and Short Form-36 scores. All 18 @entity1 had @entity158 relief, and 17 of 18 @entity1 said they would have the procedure again. The mean postoperative increase in range of motion of the first meta-tarsophalangeal joint was 37 degrees . The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society and Short Form-36 scores were 78.4 and 96.3, respectively. The complication rate was 6%. Results of our study indicate that interposition arthroplasty relieves @entity158 and restores motion in @entity1 with advanced @entity24070 and may offer a reliable option to fusing the joint. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series).

title: Outcomes after interposition arthroplasty for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24070 :: ('MESH:D020859', 'Disease') :: ['hallux rigidus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity24070 :: (MESH:D020859,Disease) :: ['hallux rigidus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been a dramatic rise in incidences of @entity355 and @entity420 . It has been suggested that the introduction and use of acid suppression therapy may be a factor in the rising incidences of @entity355 and @entity420 . METHODS: This was a record linkage study, using a prescribing database and an endoscopy database. @entity1 who had undergone their first endoscopy during the period 1992-1995 and received the diagnosis of @entity355 or @entity354 were identified. The prescribing of acid suppressants was compared for the 3 years prior to endoscopy, between those with @entity355 and those with @entity354 . RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the Barrett's @entity1 and the @entity354 @entity1 in the proportion that had been exposed to acid suppression therapy (53.4% vs. 51.7%, P=0.704). The mean number of days of prescribing among those who had been exposed to acid suppression therapy was higher in the Barrett's group (340.5 vs. 237.0 days, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity355 have received more acid suppressant therapy prior to diagnosis. The reasons for this are not clear. However, 46.6% of Barrett's @entity1 have not been exposed to acid suppressant therapy.

title: The prescribing of acid suppressants prior to the endoscopic diagnosis of @entity355 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['oesophagitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of parenteral positive inotropic agents still remains a major component of therapy for @entity1 with advanced decompensated @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, no consensus guidelines have been developed for the appropriate selection of a first-line inotropic therapy. We sought to compare the clinical outcome and economic cost of @entity452 -based and @entity7604 -based therapy in @entity1 with acute exacerbation of @entity712 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively analyzed the outcome of 329 @entity1 admitted to the @entity712 unit with acute exacerbation of @entity712 . More @entity1 were treated with @entity452 -based therapy (269/329, 81.7%) than with @entity7604 -based therapy (60/329, 18.3%). Both groups had similar baseline characteristics and similar hemodynamic profiles at baseline, with the exception of higher mean pulmonary arterial pressure in the @entity7604 group (47 mm Hg vs 42 mm Hg, P <.001). One hundred nine @entity1 (40%) of the @entity452 group required parenteral @entity1854 for hemodynamic optimization compared with 11 @entity1 (18%) in the @entity7604 group (P <.001). The use of parenteral @entity1242 and @entity935 was similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in the in-hospital mortality rate ( @entity452 7.8% vs @entity7604 10%) or clinical outcome between the 2 groups. However, the average direct drug cost per @entity1 was significantly reduced in the @entity452 group compared with the @entity7604 group ( 45 +/-  10 vs  1855 +/-  350, P <.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity452 -based therapy is an attractive approach for the treatment of decompensated advanced @entity712 , achieving comparable clinical efficacy to @entity7604 with a significantly reduced economic cost.

title: Comparison of @entity452 -based and XXXX -based therapy for advanced decompensated @entity712 : Hemodynamic efficacy, clinical outcome, and economic impact.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

answer: @entity7604 :: (MESH:D020105,Chemical) :: ['milrinone']


abstract: @entity528 provide a simpler and more accessible environment to study the synaptic physiology. However, it is not clear if development of synapses in culture is similar to that in the in vivo condition. We studied the developmental sequence and morphological differentiation of chemical synapses in semi-dissociated @entity35 retinal cultures that consisted of dissociated neurons as well as undissociated retinal aggregates. Synapses were quantified by @entity20099 immunoreactive puncta. During second week of in vitro development the average number of chemical synapses on the cell body decreased while that on the neurites increased significantly. Conventional synapses appeared both in aggregate and in dissociated neurons, with the developmental profile similar to that reported for in vivo retina. In contrast, the development of ribbon synapses was adversely affected by the in vitro microenvironment as suggested by following observations. The ribbon synapses were more frequently found in aggregate than in dissociated neurons, and were not associated with dyadic or triadic synaptic arrangement. The photoreceptor ribbons did not contact a postsynaptic process while bipolar ribbons made single (monadic) synapses. Further, photoreceptor ribbons in dissociated neurons were late to form and took more time to mature as compared to those in the aggregate cultures. Most of the rod bipolar cells, identified by their immunoreactivity to @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ), had three or more neurites. Unlike in the in vivo retina, the dissociated rod bipolar cells did not show any @entity7131 immunoreactive varicosities, suggesting that they failed to develop a well-differentiated synaptic terminal. Interestingly, we did not find any parvalbumin positive AII amacrine cells that are normally postsynaptic to rod bipolar cells. These results show that the conventional synapses of retina, which are similar to chemical synapses in other parts of the brain, develop normally both in aggregate and dissociated neurons. However, the highly specialized ribbon synapses have more stringent developmental requirements, and their normal development may require the presence of postsynaptic neurons in their close vicinity.

title: Synaptic development in semi-dissociated cultures of XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Cultured neurons']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between isokinetic concentric and eccentric quadriceps strength and function in females with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity309 aged 6 to 16 years participated in the study. Function and strength were measured on one occasion. Isokinetic concentric and eccentric quadriceps torque was measured on the Kin-Com dynamometer. Function was measured with the @entity283 ( @entity283 ) and the Canada Fitness Award 50 m run. @entity158 and joint count were taken as measures of disease activity. @entity158 was assessed on a visual analog scale through parent- and self-report. Correlations between function, standardized torque values, @entity158 , and joint count were determined. Stepwise multiple regression analyses with function as the predicted variable were performed. RESULTS: Correlations between standardized torque and @entity283 scores were moderate (r = -0.48, p = 0.03 for concentric torque and r = -0.43, p = 0.06 for eccentric). Correlations between torque and run scores were also moderate (r = -0.48, p = 0.03 for concentric, r = -0.31, p = 0.19 for eccentric). @entity158 and total joint count were the best predictors of @entity283 score (r2 = 0.80), while concentric torque was the best predictor of running ability (r2 = 0.23). CONCLUSION: Quadriceps torque was moderately correlated to function in @entity1 with @entity309 . Function as determined on the @entity283 was best predicted from measures of disease activity, while function as determined on the 50 m run was best predicted from concentric quadriceps torque. Further research is required to determine a cause-effect relationship between strength and function in @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: The relationship between strength and function in females with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire', 'CHAQ']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: A door-to-door survey by neurologists in @entity9892 -Hu township, Republic of China, of a sample of the Chinese population of 683 @entity1 aged 50 years and over was performed in August, 1992. A total of 482 subjects (70.6%) completed the study. @entity9892 -Hu, a township of Kinmen, is predominantly rural with agriculture as the main occupation. Six subjects (5 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) were diagnosed with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Of these six, five were newly diagnosed; one of the five also had @entity303 . The crude prevalence rate per 1,000 @entity1 over 50 years of age of @entity191 in @entity9892 -Hu was 6.2. The age-specific prevalence rates per 1,000 @entity1 (95% confidence intervals) were 0 for age 50-59, 7.8 (0-22.9) for age 60-69, 17.5 (5.2-29.8) for age 70-79, and 25.4 (10.9-39.9) for age > or = 80. These rates are considerably higher than those reported in the @entity1 's Republic of China, and similar to rates found in Western countries. The higher prevalence of @entity191 found in this pilot study suggests that environmental factors may be more important than racial factors in the pathogenesis of @entity191 . If confirmed, the results suggest that epidemiologic studies looking for environmental risk factors might be of value.

title: XXXX in @entity9892 -Hu, Kinmen: a community survey by neurologists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'woman', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The process of pubertal development is only partly understood and is influenced by many different factors. During the twentieth century there was a general trend toward earlier pubertal development. Fat mass is thought to be a major inducer of puberty. Owing to the rising epidemic of @entity28 , the relationship between body composition in @entity1 and the rate and timing of puberty needs to be investigated. Some studies suggest that central @entity28 is associated with an earlier onset of pubertal development. Rapid weight gain in early life is linked to advanced puberty in both sexes. A clear correlation exists between increasing body mass index (BMI) and earlier pubertal development in @entity1 . In @entity1 the data are controversial: The majority of studies propose that there is an earlier puberty and voice break in obese @entity1 , but some studies show the opposite. There are several factors and mechanisms that seem to link @entity28 and puberty, for example, @entity1243 , adipocytokines, and gut peptides. Important players include genetic variation and environmental factors (e.g., endocrine-disrupting chemicals). This article presents the latest studies and evidence on this topic, underlining the inconsistencies in the data and, therefore, the need for further research in this area.

title: [Does XXXX affect sexual development?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of addition of @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) to the @entity544 ( @entity515 ) pneumoperitoneum (PP) and the effect of blood, plasma, or red blood cells (RBCs) on postoperative adhesions in a laparoscopic @entity19 model. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University laboratory research center. ANIMAL(S): BALB/c female @entity19 . INTERVENTION(S): The effect of adding to the 60-minute @entity515 PP 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, or 100% @entity3727 on adhesion formation was evaluated. Subsequently the effect of adding 1 mL blood, or RBCs, or plasma and the effect of adding different concentrations of blood were studied. Finally, the effect of adding 10% @entity3727 , 4% O2, or both to the @entity515 was evaluated in a control group and after addition of blood. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Postoperative adhesions after 7 days. RESULT(S): @entity3727 strongly reduces adhesion formation with a full effect at a concentration of 5% or 10%. Adhesions increase linearly with 0.125 mL to 1 mL blood. In both the control group and after adding blood, 10% @entity3727 is the most effective factor in prevention of adhesions. CONCLUSION(S): @entity3727 , from concentrations of 5% upward, strongly prevents adhesion formation. Blood, mainly the plasma, increases adhesion formation. These data extend the concept of the role of acute @entity32 and support the importance of good surgical practice with @entity548 and peritoneal cavity conditioning in adhesion prevention.

title: Addition of XXXX to the @entity544 pneumoperitoneum strongly decreases adhesion formation and the dose-dependent adhesiogenic effect of blood in a laparoscopic @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['little bleeding']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: CONTEXT: It is not known whether intranasal @entity288 are beneficial to treat acute rhinosinusitis in @entity1 with a history of chronic or recurrent sinus symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the addition of an intranasal corticosteroid to antibiotic therapy affects the speed and rate of recovery of such @entity1 with acute rhinosinusitis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of 95 @entity1 (median age, 39 years) with a history of recurrent @entity1244 or chronic @entity2490 and evidence of @entity697 by sinus radiograph or nasal endoscopy, which was conducted from October 1998 through April 2000 at 22 sites (12 primary care and 10 otolaryngology). INTERVENTION: Two puffs (total dose, 200 microgram) of @entity5023 (n = 47) or placebo nasal spray (n = 48) in each nostril once daily for 21 days; all received 2 puffs of @entity14411 in each nostril twice daily for 3 days and 250 mg of @entity2261 axetil twice daily for 10 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Time to clinical success ( @entity1 reported cured or much improved) during telephone follow-up at 10, 21, and 56 days. RESULTS: A total of 88 @entity1 (93%) completed follow-up. @entity1 recorded their symptoms, work assessment, and compliance during the 3-week treatment phase. @entity1 receiving @entity5023 achieved a significantly higher rate of clinical success than @entity1 receiving placebo (93.5% vs 73.9%; P =.009). @entity1 treated with @entity5023 improved significantly more rapidly (median of 6.0 days to clinical success) vs @entity1 in the placebo group (median of 9.5 days; P =.01). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity5023 to @entity14411 and antimicrobial therapy with @entity2261 improves clinical success rates and accelerates recovery of @entity1 with a history of chronic @entity2490 or recurrent @entity1244 who present for treatment of acute rhinosinusitis.

title: Comparison of @entity2261 with or without intranasal XXXX for the treatment of rhinosinusitis. The CAFFS Trial: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity14411 :: ('MESH:C009695', 'Chemical') :: ['xylometazoline hydrochloride', 'xylometazoline']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate', 'fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 ( @entity356 ) controls @entity28 and comorbidities. However, there is no consensus on ring placement due to its complications. Surgical ring removal has been the standard approach, despite its inherent morbidity risks. @entity384 with @entity1318 balloon is a novel and minimally invasive option. We aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of aggressive dilation as an outpatient procedure to treat food intolerance after banded @entity356 without @entity850 ; we also analyzed long-term weight regain. METHODS: This prospective study included 63 @entity1 presenting with @entity391 episodes per week. Therapeutic endoscopy with a 30-mm balloon (Rigiflex  ) was performed with radioscopic guidance in the first 16 @entity1 (25.4 %). Four dilation sessions were performed in 12 @entity1 (19 %), three in 14 (22.2 %), two in 24 (38 %), and one in 13 (20.6 %). RESULTS: Complete symptom improvement was achieved in 59 @entity1 (93.6 %), partial improvement in 2 (3.2 %), and failure in 2, leading to ring removal by laparotomy. Complications rate was 9.5 %, including three cases of @entity548 , two @entity2681 , and one @entity516 ; all treated clinically with no need for reintervention. Mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 42.4 kg/m(2) and postoperative (before endoscopic treatment) BMI was 25.3 kg/m(2). At a mean follow-up of 46.1 months after endoscopic intervention, mean BMI was 27.8 kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 for food intolerance is a safe and minimally invasive method that promotes symptom improvement. It avoided reoperation in 96.8 % of @entity1 and led to a low rate of weight regain.

title: Food intolerance after banded gastric bypass without XXXX : aggressive @entity384 avoids reoperation.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['intragastric ring erosions']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Endoscopic dilation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive endoscopic dilation']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['more than four vomiting']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['RYGBP', 'Roux-en-Y gastric bypass']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: We describe here a @entity1 with an unusual presentation--mesenteric calcifying @entity82 in association with @entity3473 . This 25-year-old @entity1 came to our emergency department with severe @entity1661 and intermittent epigastric cramping @entity158 . She was found to have rebound tenderness and an ill-defined mass palpable in her lower abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography revealed an inhomogeneous soft tissue mass with target sign and intussusception of small intestine was suspected. Emergency laparotomy showed @entity3473 involving ~30cm of jejunum with @entity5 on the mesentery surface extending over the whole bowel mesenteric and peritoneal surfaces. One of the mesenteric @entity5 formed the leading point of the intussusception. Segmental resection of jejunum with primary @entity254 was done. Some larger @entity5 were resected but most of the other @entity5 were left in place because they were small and numerous and total resection was impossible. Pathology confirmed that the lesions were benign mesenteric calcifying @entity82 . In such @entity1 , surgery might be curative. If a large segment of the bowel is affected by calcifying @entity82 , @entity6437 might be left in place because these tend to be asymptomatic. But they might become the leading points of recurrent intussusception.

title: Jejunal and multiple mesenteric calcifying @entity82 induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous pseudotumors', 'fibrous pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['smaller pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['jejunojejunal intussusception']

answer: @entity3473 :: (MESH:D007443,Disease) :: ['jejunojejunal intussusception']


abstract: Pericentric inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)(p13q22)] and the related t(16;16)(p13;q22) are seen in a subset of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) phenotypically and prognostically differing from other cases. We have recently shown that inv(16) results in fusion of @entity17793 / @entity17793 , a gene encoded at 16q22 to @entity5400 , a smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene encoded at 16p13. Chimeric transcripts consisting of upstream @entity17793 fused to downstream @entity5400 coding sequences result from this fusion. In this study we have examined a series of 37 of these cases using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect expression of a hybrid @entity17793 / @entity5400 transcript. Chimeric cDNAs were detected in all but 1 of 37 @entity1778 with typical inv(16) or t(16;16). Such chimeric products were not seen in a case with inv(16)(p13q24) (ie, a variant q arm breakpoint) or any of 10 cases of @entity3052 without these chromosomal changes. Four different chimeric transcripts were found, representing differing fusion points within @entity5400 spliced to position 495 of @entity17793 . Primer sets are described for efficient amplification of these different cDNA forms. Amplification of cDNA showed that all but 17 codons of the @entity17793 coding sequence are included in the abnormal transcripts. RT-PCR was shown to be highly sensitive and potentially useful for detection of leukemic cells during morphologic remission.

title: Detection of fusion transcripts generated by the inversion 16 chromosome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 cells with immunogenic properties having modified blood group substances are widely studied (Kannagi, 1988, Hakomori, 1999). CASE REPORT: A 78-year-old female @entity1 was admitted to the hospital in terminal state with unsusceptible circulatory failure. At autopsy the spleen (weight: 420 g) was extremely firm with diffuse blackberried colored cut surface. There were no signs of @entity3909 process at autopsy. MATERIAL/METHOD: By histology the spleen showed diffuse metastatic @entity2617 . Antibody to @entity0 antigen (BioGenex) labelled metastatic cells of the spleen and bone marrow. The @entity1 had O blood group according to her blood group phenotype. The authors used lectins with and without blood group antigen (BGA) specificity and monoclonal antibodies, too. RESULTS: They found that the B blood group specific Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin I lectin and the anti-B mab were labelled intensively all the metastatic cells of spleen and bone marrow. The A BGAs (with anti-A mab and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin) were completely negative. CONCLUSIONS: These observations raise the possibility that the detected incompatible B blood group antigen determinants on the metastatic cells were immunogenic. The authors propose, that the survived @entity189 cells found place of refuge from the immune surveillance in the spleen and in the bone marrow, where the complement mediated @entity5 cell lysis, immune-rejection was not effective.

title: [Diffuse splenic metastasis of occult XXXX with incompatible blood group antigenic determinants].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous infiltration']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment for childhood @entity1778 induces many risk factors for development of decreased @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Physical activity is also known to affect @entity79 . The aim was to study @entity79 and markers of bone turnover in a well-defined group of survivors of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) who had all reached final height as well as peak bone mass, taking both previous treatment and physical activity into consideration. DESIGN: All @entity1 treated for @entity981 before the onset of puberty in the region of western Sweden, between 1973 and 1985, in first remission were included. Thirty-five out of forty-seven @entity1 aged 20-32 years participated. Nineteen @entity1 had received cranial radiotherapy, and the median follow-up time was 20 years. METHODS: @entity79 was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum concentrations of markers of bone turnover were analysed. Physical performance was measured using a performance exercise capacity stress test. RESULTS: @entity79 was slightly reduced in lumbar spine (-0.4 SD), but not in femoral neck or total body. @entity79 in femoral neck was correlated to physical performance and dose of @entity228 , but no correlation was found with spontaneous @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secretion. Markers of bone turnover were also correlated to physical performance, but not to @entity2124 secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Physical fitness seems to be the most important factor in developing and preserving normal @entity79 in @entity981 @entity1 . We propose that lifestyle education promoting physical activity is encouraged from an early point in time for these @entity1 .

title: Bone mineral density and bone turnover in young adult survivors of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: Cigarette smoking is a recognized causative agent or precipitant of specific @entity358 characterized by bronchiolar and @entity55 . @entity1576 -associated @entity401 and @entity358 cell histiocytosis are now considered smoking-induced @entity358 . @entity3130 is also recognized as a smoking-induced @entity401 in most cases. These disorders affect relatively young adult smokers and may be progressive. Although distinguishable by histopathological and radiographic features, significant overlap occurs in many cases with chest radiography and lung histology showing overlapping features of smoking-related bronchiolar and @entity651 . Cigarette smoking is also recognized as an important precipitant of many @entity1946 cases. Smokers are at higher risk of developing fibrotic @entity401 such as @entity2416 and @entity309 -associated @entity401 . Certain smokers also develop combined @entity2415 and @entity82 . The avoidance of primary and second-hand cigarette smoke is a critical component of management for @entity1 afflicted with these smoking-induced @entity358 . The role of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments in the management of smoking-related @entity401 remains poorly defined and should be reserved for individuals with progressive disease despite smoking cessation. Understanding mechanisms by which @entity286 induces diffuse lung pathology is critical in the pursuit of novel therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

title: XXXX in cigarette smokers.

entities_list: @entity3130 :: ('MESH:C562470', 'Disease') :: ['Desquamative interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1946 :: ('MESH:D015472', 'Disease') :: ['acute eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung injury']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary Langerhans', 'diffuse lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease', 'interstitial lung diseases', 'interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Diffuse lung diseases']


abstract: We report the case of a 70-year-old female who experienced a graft enteric erosion (GEE) three years after a right aorto-femoral bypass. She was treated by right axillo-femoral bypass, removal of the aortic prosthesis and direct aortic suture. The duodenum was stitched up and separated from the aorta by omentoplasty. Bacteriological culture of the removed graft identified @entity526 and Peptostreptococcus. Antibiotic therapy consisting of @entity115 and @entity801 was given for seven days. A month later this @entity1 developed a @entity4034 due to the same germs. She was then treated by surgical excision of the infected tissues and by antibiotics: @entity115 , @entity868 and @entity801 for one month. This case of @entity887 into bone due to GEE is a rare complication which indisputably establishes a link between the spontaneously septic cavity of the bowel and bone tissue by way of blood via the interstices of the fabric. The prosthesis may be responsible for blood seeding infection and not only a mere victim. The prosthesis acts as a porous membrane which allows two opposite flows: the passage of blood from graft to bowel and germ migration from naturally septic bowel to blood. When a GEE is encountered, a rigorous management is required to prevent @entity887 . The precise timing of each step of the surgical procedure remains difficult to codify.

title: XXXX of the fibula due to @entity887 : a rare complication of a graft enteric erosion. Case report.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['Gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['fibula osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['septic embolism', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Osteomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the current state of knowledge, current uncertainties and future needs related to the diagnosis of @entity74 associated with the use of vibratory hand-held tools. METHOD: An international workshop was convened with invited experts, medical doctors, scientists and engineers familiar with hand-transmitted vibration and the diagnosis of vascular, @entity16 . This paper records the general conclusions from four panel discussions. RESULTS: For the most common @entity455 (vibration-induced white finger), the principal symptom and sign involves attacks of well-demarcated finger blanching ( @entity2407 ); @entity551 following cooling is indicative of vibration-induced white finger and zero finger systolic blood pressure can confirm an attack of @entity2407 . For @entity16 , some symptoms can exist without detectable signs and some signs can exist without symptoms; @entity1183 and tingling are commonly reported but neurological changes may be present without these symptoms. The pathogenesis of @entity85 in users of vibratory tools is not clear; symptoms may include @entity158 that may not be associated with abnormal results in objective tests. For both @entity16 , a thorough neuromuscular and skeletal examination is required; diagnosis must consider the work history and medical history, the results of physical examination and any objective tests in addition to other factors (e.g. age, smoking, @entity167 , @entity74 , medication and neurotoxic agents) that might have contributed to symptoms, signs and test results. CONCLUSIONS: While vibration-induced white finger is caused by vibration, some @entity16 are the result of work with vibratory tools where the separate roles of vibration, @entity717 , grip and push forces, non-neutral postures and any other ergonomic stressors are often unclear. @entity74 may be more easily identified as being caused by the work rather than by exposure to hand-transmitted vibration per se. A @entity1 found to have developed @entity74 induced by either vibration or the work situation should not be returned to the same vibration exposure or work without any changes expected to lessen the risks.

title: The diagnosis of XXXX caused by hand-transmitted vibration: Southampton Workshop 2000.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and musculoskeletal disorders', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Such disorders', 'disorders', 'systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive movements']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['low finger systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['disorders']


abstract: Therapy-related @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) is a fatal @entity236 distinct from primary @entity2590 . We examined the efficacy of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) as a treatment for @entity1 with therapy-related @entity2590 . Eighteen @entity1 with therapy-related @entity2590 and twenty-five @entity1 with primary @entity2590 received an allogeneic, syngeneic, or unrelated donor BMT. @entity2132 prophylaxis included @entity1499 , @entity1499 plus @entity205 , @entity1140 , or T cell depletion. Conditioning regimens consisted of @entity786 /total body irradiation, with and without @entity2592 , @entity1863 / @entity786 , and @entity786 / @entity2879 / @entity3600 . For @entity1 with therapy-related @entity2590 , the median age was 32 years and the actuarial disease-free survival was 24% (95% confidence interval 6, 42%) with a median follow-up of 3 years. For @entity1 with primary @entity2590 , the median age was 36 years and the actuarial disease-free survival at 3 years was 43% (95% confidence interval 22, 64%). Four of the therapy-related @entity1 and two of the primary @entity1 have relapsed. Three @entity1 experienced graft failure; all three had received T cell-depleted marrow and two had marrow @entity82 . Our results suggest that @entity1 with therapy-related @entity2590 can be successfully transplanted. Transplantation should be considered early in the disease, since long-term disease-free survival is achievable.

title: Bone marrow transplantation for therapy-related XXXX : comparison with primary @entity2590 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow disorder']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few data on the selection of resistance by @entity486 -boosted @entity485 (SQV/r), particularly in antiretroviral (ARV)-naive @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of @entity177 and evolution of resistance in ARV-naive individuals receiving SQV/r in the induction phase of the Staccato trial. METHODS: ARV-naive subjects (n = 272) received SQV/r 1,600/100 mg once daily with two @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) for at least 24 weeks. @entity1 were defined as having @entity177 ( @entity177 ) when there were two consecutive @entity2858 RNA measurements > 500 copies/ml after week 12. Viral genotypes (reverse transcriptase [RT] and protease [PRO]) were determined at baseline in all @entity1 and as close as possible to the time of @entity177 in @entity1 experiencing @entity177 . RESULTS: @entity177 was observed in 9/272 @entity1 receiving SQV/r 1,600/100 mg once daily with two NRTIs (3.3%) and occurred 19-48 weeks after treatment initiation. Eight of these @entity1 were evaluable at failure. No major PRO mutations were detected, but 2/8 displayed single new minor PRO substitutions ( @entity16758 , @entity50359 ) at @entity177 that were known or suspected not to have been present at baseline; both these substitutions exist as natural polymorphisms. A third @entity1 displayed a single new RT mutation ( @entity24539 ). CONCLUSIONS: SQV/r plus two NRTIs (1,600/100 mg once daily) is an effective initial treatment option for ARV-naive @entity1 , resulting in a low rate of viral rebound (3.3%). Furthermore, no major protease mutations were detected following @entity177 , suggesting that future treatment options are preserved.

title: Absence of resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive @entity1 treated with @entity486 -boosted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity16758 :: ('p|SUB|M|36|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M36I']

entities_list: @entity50359 :: ('p|SUB|L|10|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L10I']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['initial failure', 'VF', 'virological failure']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

answer: @entity485 :: (MESH:D019258,Chemical) :: ['saquinavir']


abstract: @entity44 is the most common @entity2241 , with an incidence of 1 in 40,000 births. Fetuses with this @entity600 are at risk for significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. We identified nine fetuses with sacrococcygeal teratomas that were diagnosed antenatally and managed at the University of North Carolina Hospitals over a 7-year period. We reviewed retrospectively the charts of mothers and @entity1 and recorded data concerning perinatal and surgical management. Six @entity1 survived the neonatal period. All @entity1 diagnosed after 20 weeks' gestation survived. Fetal hydrops developed in three fetuses, all of whom died. Inadequate ventilation secondary to prematurity was a contributing factor in each lethal case. Diagnosis at an early gestational age, development of fetal hydrops, and @entity3465 predicted a poor prognosis. When possible, we recommend that delivery be delayed to allow for fetal development. Stabilization of the @entity1 should be attempted before resection of the @entity44 .

title: Prenatal diagnosis and perinatal management of fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'Sacrococcygeal teratoma']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal neoplasm']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['sacrococcygeal teratoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity53859 , a putative selective inhibitor for inducible @entity842 synthase, modulates systemic hemodynamics, arterial blood gases, @entity880 concentrations, gastric mucosal perfusion, and @entity177 in @entity326 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study. SETTING: Laboratory at a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Eighteen male @entity235 (12-19 kg) under @entity4485 anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: @entity235 were mechanically ventilated and monitored with a pulmonary arterial catheter and a gastric tonometer. They were divided in three groups: a) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus vehicle group (n = 6), which received LPS (250 ng/kg/min for 2 hrs) and saline 1 hr later; b) LPS plus @entity11012 (0.05) group (n = 6), which received @entity53859 (0.05 mg/kg) 1 hr after the start of LPS; c) LPS plus @entity11012 (0.1) group (n = 6), which received @entity53859 (0.1 mg/kg) 1 hr after the start of LPS. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hemodynamics, blood gas parameters, gastric intramural pH, urine output, and serum levels of @entity880 , transaminases, @entity648 , and @entity1011 were measured during a 6-hr observation period. LPS induced @entity551 , @entity8193 , @entity356 , and @entity8 . @entity53859 reversed the LPS-induced @entity551 and @entity8193 without @entity998 , @entity26 delivery, or @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity53859 is a useful agent to reverse @entity551 and @entity8193 in a @entity235 @entity326 model.

title: A selective inhibitor for inducible @entity842 synthase improves @entity551 and XXXX in @entity235 @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic shock']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'Dogs', 'beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['deteriorating cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal and hepatic functions']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal acidosis']

answer: @entity8193 :: (MESH:D000140,Disease) :: ['lactic acidosis']