abstract: From the archive of BB Biocyt company, 32 @entity150 ( @entity189 , UC) and 7 cases of @entity2335 were selected and examined in semiserial sections for the following antigens: 1) cell proliferation marker Ki-67 (expressed in the nuclei), 2) cell cycle regulator @entity986 / @entity986 polypeptide (expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclei), 3) urothelium marker @entity4206 (expressed in the nuclei), 4) @entity5822 ( @entity5822 ). 5) @entity2225 ( @entity2225 ) and 6) high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK). Invasive @entity189 showing a high grade @entity1141 (invasive HG UC) comprised over the half (20 out of 32) of the investigated @entity5 . Microinvasion to lamina propria (seen in three HG @entity1377 ) was regarded as an early infiltration even when the position of muscular layer could not be determined. Classical invasion across the urinary bladder wall and/or to surrounding tissues was found in 17 cases of low-differentiated HG UCs. The rest (9 out of 32 @entity5 ) were either non-invasive @entity1377 of high (non-invasive HG UC, 5 cases) or low malignant potential (noninvasive LG UC, 4 cases). Finally, 3 cases were papillary urothelium @entity5 of low malignant potential (PUNLMP). HMWCK was present in all invasive @entity5 , whereas the frequency of other urothelium markers ranged from 65 to 88 %. Nevertheless, at least two markers were expressed in each invasive @entity5 . Staining for Ki-67 antigen was positive in over 50 % of the nuclei of HG UCs, while in the LG UCs, the frequency of positive Ki-67 staining did not exceed 25 %. In PUNLMP, the positive rate of Ki-67 stained @entity6349 cells was below 10 %. The staining for @entity986 antigen did not correlate with the degree of @entity5 . For routine diagnostic, we recommend to combine the Ki-67 staining with detection of HMWCK. In cases of @entity2335 , which developed @entity1373 and/or squamous metaplasia, the presence of @entity4206 antigen was a relevant marker confirming the urothelial origin of the altered transitional cells (Tab. 6, Fig. 4, Ref. 69).

title: Immunohistochemical characterization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'dysplasia within urothelium tumours', 'tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelium carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: A series of 243 @entity1 with @entity188 treated with radiotherapy is presented. In the early part of the study radiotherapy was combined with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). Later, radiotherapy was given alone. Seventy-four @entity1 were treated with radical external beam radiotherapy for recurrent or inoperable @entity420 . One hundred and forty-five @entity1 with advanced pelvic @entity5 or with @entity3 were treated with palliative pelvic radiotherapy. Twenty-four @entity1 who had small-volume residual @entity5 or who were felt to be at high risk of pelvic recurrence following radical resection received postoperative radiotherapy. Complete @entity5 regression was seen in 38 per cent of radically treated @entity1 , and 24 per cent of palliatively treated @entity1 . Partial regression was observed in 56 per cent of radically treated @entity1 , and 58 per cent of palliatively treated @entity1 . Long-term local @entity5 control was more commonly observed for small @entity5 (less than 5 cm diameter). Fifty-eight per cent of @entity1 treated with postoperative radiotherapy remained free of local recurrence. Survival was significantly better in @entity1 with small @entity5 . The addition of 5FU did not appear to improve survival or @entity5 control. The value of radiotherapy in the relief of distressing symptoms related to the presence of @entity5 has been confirmed.

title: External beam radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) is an important messenger molecule with a wide range of actions in virtually all cell systems and organs. In kidneys it participates in glomerular and medullary hemodynamics, tubuloglomerular feed-back, @entity916 secretion, and extracellular fluid balance. Although the role of NO in regulating renal function in adults is well-established, it has recently been suggested that NO has a more critical role in maintaining basal renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the developing kidney. NO is rapidly metabolized to the stable end products @entity3542 and @entity1507 , which are more slowly excreted into the urine. Thus these metabolites can be recommended as useful markers of endogenous NO synthase activity, despite limited data about age-related changes in in-vivo NO production. The aims of this study were to determine age-related normal reference values of serum and urinary NO metabolites and to assess the probable relationship between these metabolites and the GFR. Normal levels of NO end products in blood and urine of 296 healthy @entity1 (117 female, 179 male) between the ages of 0 and 16 were investigated, as was whether these values change with age. Serum and urinary @entity1507 levels did not differ according to sex. Serum @entity1507 levels are higher in younger @entity1 , especially in the newborn period, and decrease with age. @entity1507 levels in urine are higher in younger @entity1 with a peak in infancy (1 month to 1 year) and decrease with age. It was demonstrated that this decrease in serum and urinary @entity1507 levels with age parallels the increase in GFR. In conclusion, urinary NO products may be an indirect marker of serum NO levels and NO might have an important regulatory function both in the maintenance of renal function and in the maturation of the developing kidneys.

title: Plasma and urine @entity842 levels in healthy Turkish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrate', 'nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIM: To study the effect of albumin administration on @entity651 in @entity130 / @entity548 (T/HS). METHODS: Sixty experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups: @entity35 undergoing laparotomy without shock (T/SS); @entity35 with T/HS and resuscitation with blood plus twice the volume of shed blood as Ringer's @entity880 (RL), and @entity35 with T/HS and resuscitation with blood plus additional 3 mL of 50 g/L @entity1 albumin. Expression of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) @entity19465 / @entity11265 , @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ) of jugular vein blood and the severity of @entity651 [determined mainly by measuring activity of lung tissue @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) and @entity651 score (LIS)] were measured after a 3-h recovery period. RESULTS: All three groups showed a significant difference in the expressions of @entity19465 / @entity11265 , @entity1590 , and severity of @entity651 . The expressions of @entity19465 / @entity11265 in T/SS group, T/HS + RL group, T/HS + albumin group were 17.76% +/- 2.11%, 31.25% +/- 3.48%, 20.36% +/- 3.21%, respectively (F = 6.25, P < 0.05). The expressions of @entity1590 (U/mL) in T/SS group, T/HS + RL group, T/HS + albumin group were 258.76 +/- 98.23, 356.23 +/- 65.6, 301.01 +/- 63.21, respectively (F = 5.86, P < 0.05). The expressions of @entity1589 (U/g) in T/SS group, T/HS + RL group, T/HS + albumin group were 2.53 +/- 0.11, 4.63 +/- 1.31, 4.26 +/- 1.12, respectively (F = 6.26, P < 0.05). Moreover, LIS in T/HS + RL group, T/HS + albumin group was 2.62 +/- 0.23, 1.25 +/- 0.24, respectively. The expressions of @entity19465 / @entity11265 , @entity1590 and @entity1589 in T/HS + RL group were significantly increased compared to T/SS group (P = 0.025, P = 0.036, P = 0.028, respectively). However, administration of 3 mL of 50 g/L albumin significantly down-regulated the expressions of @entity19465 / @entity11265 , @entity1590 and @entity651 index ( @entity1589 and LIS) when compared with the T/HS + RL @entity35 (P = 0.035, P = 0.046, P = 0.038, P = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSION: The infusion of albumin during resuscitation period can protect lung from injury and decrease the expressions of @entity19465 / @entity11265 , @entity1590 in T/HS @entity35 .

title: Can albumin administration relieve @entity651 in @entity130 / XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injuries', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: The influence of @entity15609 type 3 (PI-3) virus on the release of inflammatory mediators by @entity840 pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) was investigated in vitro. Direct application of PI-3 virus dose-dependently stimulated the generation of chemiluminescence by PAMs and induced aggregation of PAMs. No significant effects of PI-3 virus on the release of @entity4722 metabolites by PAMs were detected. However, an increased release of the @entity1426 metabolite @entity7489 (TxB2) was observed when PAMs were stimulated with PI-3 virus. PAMs were also cultured for 2 h or 18 h in the presence of PI-3 virus or control medium. The production of reactive @entity26 species and the release of @entity844 metabolites by these PAMs were determined upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan particles or @entity4514 . The amounts of @entity273 and @entity224 produced did not differ between virus- and control medium-incubated PAMs. However, the PI-3 virus-treated PAMs generated twice as much chemiluminescence when compared to PAMs incubated with control medium. The 2-h incubation period with PI-3 virus also resulted in a decreased release of TxB2 from the PAMs upon zymosan stimulation. The changes in the production of reactive @entity26 species and the release of @entity3448 by PAMs could account for damage to the airways and @entity2488 often seen after @entity1800 .

title: Effects of XXXX type 3 virus on @entity840 pulmonary alveolar macrophage functions in vitro.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity15609 :: (MESH:D018184,Disease) :: ['parainfluenza']


abstract: AIMS: @entity560 levels are inversely related to blood pressure. Given that low sun exposure can create a greater reliance on dietary sources of @entity560 , we aimed to determine whether dietary @entity560 and blood pressure associations differ between periods of low and high sun exposure. METHODS: Dietary intake, @entity2221 supplementation, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters were assessed each season for 1 year (174 adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 ). Separate linear regression models were constructed for high and low sun exposure periods to examine associations of systolic blood pressure with dietary @entity560 intake and @entity2221 supplement use (adjusted for age, gender, BMI, ethnicity, smoking, @entity167 , physical activity, antihypertensive medication and nutrient intake). Robustness of findings was confirmed with within-subject repeated measures analysis, including an interaction term for sun exposure period. RESULTS: @entity560 intake from food sources was low year-round and no conclusive association with blood pressure was identified during either period. Systolic blood pressure was 5.1 mmHg lower during the low sun exposure period (95% CI 0.5-9.7) in daily supplement users compared with non-users. The interaction term between supplement use and sun exposure period was significant (low sun exposure* no supplement, P = 0.02). Systolic blood pressure was relatively stable in users (low and high sun exposure periods, respectively, mean    SE: 135.2    2.6 mmHg and 134.2    2.5 mmHg), but not in non-users (140.2    2.7 mmHg and 130.5    2.5 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2221 supplementation may stabilize systolic blood pressure in adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 across seasons.

title: @entity2221 supplementation and blood pressure in XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin', 'vitamin']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity1962 of the @entity788 is a rare but particularly virulent variant of invasive @entity513 . This review will demonstrate the aggressive biologic activity, histopathologic features, and DNA flow cytometric characteristics of this @entity146 . In addition, the outcome is less favorable than in other @entity788 , in spite of aggressive surgical and postoperative adjuvant therapy. DESIGN: A retrospective review of 6 @entity1 treated during an 8-year period. SETTING: A major urban university tertiary referral hospital. @entity1 : There were 6 @entity1 with this @entity5 seen between 1990 and 1998. There were 4 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , all white, with a mean+/-SD age of 63.5+/-14.7 years. Symptoms were similar to those in @entity1 with more common pancreatic @entity5 . RESULTS: Four @entity1 with @entity5 in the head of the @entity788 had pancreatoduodenectomy, and 2 with body and or tail lesions had distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Pathologically, all the @entity5 were poorly differentiated and aneuploid, and 5 of the 6 were locally metastatic. All but 1 @entity1 had @entity260 , but there were no operative deaths. One half of the @entity1 received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Only 1 @entity1 is still alive at 9 months after surgery, but has known @entity5 around his portal vein noted during palliative distal pancreatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1962 of the @entity788 is an uncommon variant of exocrine @entity788 . It is characterized by an admixture of adenomatous and squamous cell elements and demonstrates aggressive biologic behavior. This series of 6 @entity1 is similar to the 134 cases reported since 1907, in that survival is short despite aggressive surgical therapy. Few @entity1 with this disease live more than 1 year. Aggressive therapy should be tempered by the realization of the uniform poor prognosis associated with this @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas', 'pancreatic neoplasm', 'pancreatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'malignant neoplasms', 'unusual tumor', 'malignant neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['Adenosquamous carcinoma']

answer: @entity1962 :: (MESH:D018196,Disease) :: ['Adenosquamous carcinoma']


abstract: In @entity2316 the extent of matrix accumulation in both glomeruli and the interstitium correlates strongly with the degree of @entity177 and @entity644 . Factors responsible for the deposition and accumulation of extra cellular matrix material within the kidney are therefore of considerable interest. Such factors include the potent fibrotic cytokine @entity2533 . We measured serum @entity2533 in @entity1 with various stages of @entity2316 , and correlated its level with different biochemical parameters. The study was conducted on: Group I: 30 @entity1 with @entity2316 (Subgroup IA: 20 @entity1 with microalbuminuria; Subgroup IB: 10 @entity1 with overt @entity8 ), Group II: 19 @entity6 @entity1 without @entity8 (positive control), Group III: 20 healthy volunteers (negative control). Serum @entity1011 , Fasting and postprandial blood @entity413 , Fasting serum @entity165 , Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), Microalbumin estimation in urine, Serum @entity2533 estimation were done for all the studied groups. Our results showed a statistically significantly higher serum @entity2533 level in @entity1 with @entity2316 versus @entity6 @entity1 without @entity8 (mean +/- SD, 47.66 +/- 21.92 and 27.07 +/- 15.46 respectively) (P<0.001). Also in @entity1 with @entity2316 versus healthy controls (mean +/- SD, 47.66 +/- 21.29 and 27.05 +/- 8.95 respectively) (P<0.001). While serum @entity2533 concentrations were almost similar in @entity6 @entity1 without @entity8 and in healthy controls. Serum @entity2533 was statistically significantly higher in @entity1 with overt @entity8 versus @entity1 with microalbuminuria (mean+/-SD, 73.5 +/- 2.41 and 34.9 +/- 12.41) (P<0.001). Serum @entity2533 was significantly positively correlated with albumin excretion rate, fasting and postprandial blood @entity413 levels, serum @entity165 and HbA1c, these correlations were only found in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity8 but not in those without @entity8 or the control group. (r=0.86, P<0.001, r=0.444, P<0.05, r=0.375, P<0.05, r=0.532, P <0.01, r=0.696, P<0.001 respectively. HbA1c was found to be predictor of 68% of changes of serum @entity2533 (P<0.001) and serum @entity165 was predictor of 73% of changes of serum @entity2533 concentration (P<0.01). In conclusion, our results suggest that @entity2533 may play a key role in the development and progression of @entity2316 . Accordingly, it may be also directly implicated in the functional deterioration of the kidney functions seen in @entity1 with @entity2316 , therefore beside proper glycemic control, strategies aiming at antagonizing @entity2533 for example by the use of specific antibodies or a specific inhibitor of @entity2533 may help to prevent the development or attenuate the progression of @entity8 in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: @entity2533 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: Unobtrusive and inexpensive technologies for monitoring the cardiovascular health of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 outside the clinic can potentially improve their continuity of care by enabling therapies to be adjusted dynamically based on the changing needs of the @entity1 . Specifically, cardiac contractility and @entity64 volume (SV) are two key aspects of cardiovascular health that change significantly for @entity712 @entity1 as their condition worsens, yet these parameters are typically measured only in hospital/clinical settings, or with implantable sensors. In this work, we demonstrate accurate measurement of cardiac contractility (based on pre-ejection period, @entity7216 , timings) and SV changes in subjects using ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals detected via a high bandwidth force plate. The measurement is unobtrusive, as it simply requires the subject to stand still on the force plate while holding electrodes in the hands for simultaneous electrocardiogram (ECG) detection. Specifically, we aimed to assess whether the high bandwidth force plate can provide accuracy beyond what is achieved using modified weighing scales we have developed in prior studies, based on timing intervals, as well as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimates. Our results indicate that the force plate BCG measurement provides more accurate timing information and allows for better estimation of @entity7216 than the scale BCG (r   = 0.85 vs. r   = 0.81) during resting conditions. This correlation is stronger during recovery after exercise due to more significant changes in @entity7216 (r   = 0.92). The improvement in accuracy can be attributed to the wider bandwidth of the force plate.    SV (i.e., changes in @entity64 volume) estimations from the force plate BCG resulted in an average error percentage of 5.3% with a standard deviation of   4.2% across all subjects. Finally, SNR calculations showed slightly better SNR in the force plate measurements among all subjects but the small difference confirmed that SNR is limited by motion artifacts rather than instrumentation.

title: Unobtrusive Estimation of Cardiac Contractility and XXXX Volume Changes Using Ballistocardiogram Measurements on a High Bandwidth Force Plate.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Every year, 10 000 @entity1 of working age in the UK have a @entity64 . Although half of all cases occur in those over 75 years of age, @entity64 affects more than 1000 @entity1 under the age of 30 years. The effects of @entity64 are far reaching and many @entity1 will find that they are unable to return to their previous lives. For some, a way to improve their situation is through further or higher education. Despite the increasing opportunities for @entity1 with disabilities to participate in further education, comparatively few studies have looked at this route for @entity1 who have had @entity64 . This study attempts to explore these issues. AIMS: This study investigated the experiences, views and expectations of two students with @entity2026 involved in further education, and those of their tutors. The study aimed to identify factors that acted as enablers and barriers in accessing education. METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Two @entity1 with @entity2026 who had enrolled on further education courses following their @entity64 and their respective tutors contributed to this study. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Qualitative research methods were then used to reveal issues important to the @entity1 in the teaching and learning dyad. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: Analysis of the interviews revealed that a core problem identified by all parties was access to learning support. The two underlying issues that were important for the students with @entity2026 were tutors' awareness of needs and problems with explaining their needs. For the tutors, awareness of the students' needs was most important. The perceptions of the students and the tutors of the educational experience were not the same. CONCLUSIONS: The disparities identified in the @entity1 ' accounts suggest that both parties need to be more aware of the roles and responsibilities if individuals with disability are to have equal opportunities in further education.

title: 'Helping or something': perceptions of students with XXXX and tutors in further education.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: @entity146 ( @entity146 ) is commonly observed among individuals with @entity717 ( @entity717 ) living in state-run supports and services centers. Specific examples of @entity146 include poking oneself in the eye; harming oneself by hitting, scratching, or pinching; and pica (i.e., swallowing objects causing bodily harm). Previous research has focused on @entity146 in individuals with @entity717 more generally without focusing on specific levels of @entity717 or taking into account other important personal variables. This study examined 45 adults with severe @entity717 living in two large state-run facilities in the Southeastern United States who were separated into groups for comparison (ASD and non ASD; verbal and nonverbal). Data was collected on the presence of @entity146 using the Autism Spectrum Disorder-Problem Behavior Adult Version (ASD-PBA). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine if there were significant differences between groups on rates of @entity146 . Individuals with @entity717 and ASD exhibited significantly higher rates of @entity146 than individuals with only @entity717 , F (1,43)=50.84, p<0.05. Furthermore, verbal individuals had significantly higher rates of @entity146 than nonverbal individuals, F (1,43)=57.612, p<0.05. There was a significant interaction between the effects of ASD diagnosis and verbal ability on rates of @entity146 , F (1,43)=50.84, p<0.05. The implications of these findings in the context of other research on @entity717 , ASD, @entity146 , and verbal abilities are discussed.

title: An investigation of self-injurious behaviors in adults with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability', 'ID']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['SIB', 'Self-injurious behavior']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disabilities']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) is an increasingly recognized @entity75 most commonly associated with @entity101 , @entity6064 of pregnancy, or the use of immunosuppressive agents. When associated with acute @entity101 , @entity16757 typically occurs concurrently with the fulminant clinical syndrome of @entity101 @entity75 . We describe occipital lobe @entity410 , in the setting of only moderate elevations of blood pressure, as the major clinical manifestation of @entity16757 . METHODS: Two @entity1 from the Dent Neurologic Institute are presented with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlation. RESULTS: New onset secondarily generalized occipital @entity410 were noted, with MRI findings consistent with @entity16757 . Both of the @entity1 had @entity177 and a moderate acute exacerbation of chronic @entity101 . Other features of @entity101 @entity75 were lacking, such as @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity1829 , and an altered sensorium. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed @entity2657 primarily involving the posterior supratentorial white matter and corticomedullary junction, consistent with @entity16757 . With lowered blood pressure, the MRI lesions resolved and the @entity1 became @entity410 -free without requiring chronic anticonvulsant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity410 may represent the only major neurologic manifestation of @entity16757 due to acute @entity101 , especially in @entity1 with @entity177 . Other evidence of @entity101 @entity75 , such as cerebral signs and symptoms, need not be present. Blood pressure elevations may be only moderate. Early recognition of this readily treatable cause of occipital @entity410 may obviate the need for extensive, invasive investigations. Despite the impressive lesions on MRI, prompt treatment of this disorder carries a favorable prognosis.

title: XXXX as the major clinical manifestation of reversible @entity16757 : magnetic resonance imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Occipital seizures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'malignant hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['edematous lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorder', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome', 'RPLS']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Occipital lobe seizures']


abstract: Cyclic @entity377 -gated (CNG) channels play a key role in olfactory and visual transduction. Native CNG channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of the principal alpha subunits ( @entity43316 -3), which can form functional channels by themselves, and the modulatory beta subunits ( @entity45553 -5). The individual alpha and beta subunits that combine to form the CNG channels in rod photoreceptors ( @entity43316 + @entity45553 ) and olfactory neurons ( @entity45554 + @entity45553 + CNG5) have been characterized. In contrast, only an alpha subunit ( @entity43315 ) has been identified so far in cone photoreceptors. Here we report the molecular cloning of a new CNG channel subunit ( @entity45555 ) from @entity19 retina. The cDNA of @entity45555 encodes a peptide of 694 @entity1522 with a predicted molecular weight of 80 kDa. Among the CNG channel subunits, @entity45555 has the highest overall similarity to the @entity45553 beta subunit (47% sequence identity). @entity45555 transcripts are present in a small subset of retinal photoreceptor cells and also in testis. Heterologous expression of @entity45555 in @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 cells did not lead to detectable currents. However, when coexpressed with the cone photoreceptor alpha subunit, @entity45555 induced a flickering channel gating, weakened the outward rectification in the presence of extracellular @entity141 , increased the sensitivity for L-cis @entity3988 , and enhanced the @entity268 efficacy of the channel. Taken together, the data indicate that @entity45555 represents a new CNG channel beta subunit that may associate with the @entity43315 alpha subunit to form the native cone channel.

title: Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a new modulatory cyclic XXXX -gated channel subunit from @entity19 retina.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Polymicrogyria (PMG) is an @entity600 of cortical development. We describe the clinical @entity302 and imaging features of a large cohort with PMG-related @entity302 . METHODS: @entity1 were recruited through the @entity302 Phenome/Genome Project, a multicenter collaborative effort to collect detailed phenotypic data on individuals with @entity302 . We reviewed phenotypic data from @entity1 with @entity302 and PMG. KEY FINDINGS: We identified 87 @entity1 , 43 female and 44 male, with PMG and @entity302 . Median age of @entity410 onset was 3 years (range <1 month to 37 years). Most presented with @entity1625 (87.4%), some in combination with @entity410 generalized from onset (23.0%). @entity410 with @entity154 were most common (54.3%). Of those presenting with generalized @entity410 types, @entity739 were most prevalent (45.2%). The most common topographic pattern was perisylvian PMG (77.0%), of which the majority was bilateral (56.7%). Generalized PMG presented with an earlier age of @entity410 onset (median age of 8 months) and an increased prevalence of @entity245 prior to @entity410 onset (57.1%). Of the unilateral, and asymmetric bilateral groups where PMG was more involved in one hemisphere, the majority (71.4%) of @entity1 had @entity410 that lateralized to the same hemisphere as the PMG or the hemisphere with greater involvement. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity1 with PMG had both focal and generalized onset of @entity410 . Our data confirm the involvement of known topographic patterns of PMG and suggest that more extensive distributions of PMG present with an earlier age of @entity410 onset and increased prevalence of @entity245 prior to @entity410 onset.

title: Polymicrogyria-associated @entity302 : a multicenter phenotypic study from the XXXX Phenome/Genome Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dyscognitive features']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Focal seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic malformation']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: uPM3 is the first urine-based genetic test that is highly specific for detecting @entity263 . The histopathologic characteristics of uPM3-detected @entity5 in radical prostatectomy specimens have not been previously described. We evaluated a consecutive series of radical prostatectomies to determine the extent, zonal distribution and other features of @entity263 following uPM3 detection. A total of 24 whole-mounted, totally embedded radical prostatectomy specimens were evaluated. All @entity1 had clinically localized @entity5 and none received preoperative therapy. Zonal location of @entity5 , distance to the urethra, @entity5 volume, Gleason grade and multicentricity were recorded; volume of @entity5 was measured using the grid-counting method. @entity1 ranged in age from 43 to 75 years (mean 65 years). In 21/24 cases, @entity5 involved the transition and peripheral zones and was multicentric (87%). Mean @entity5 volume was 3.96 cm3 (range 0.08-16.86 cm3). Mean distance to the urethra was 0.50 cm for the closest @entity5 and 0.61 cm for the most distant @entity5 . Mean Gleason score was 7 (range 5-9); pathologic stage was pT2 for 17 cases and @entity1803 for seven cases. The uPM3 is an independent and specific biomarker that @entity263 of similar volume, location, extent and grade as other tests for early detection. uPM3 does not preferentially identify large or @entity263 .

title: XXXX detected by uPM3: radical prostatectomy findings.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'aggressive prostate cancers', 'detects prostate cancers']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for @entity674 ( @entity674 ) with liver @entity3 after the failure of @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs). METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed CD117-positive @entity674 with liver @entity3 who were resistant and/or intolerant to prior @entity2213 and/or @entity2240 and who received TACE for at least one treatment cycle or only best supportive care and TKI reintroduction were eligible for the study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: those in TACE group received TACE treatment containing 5-20 mL iodized oil and 40-80 mg @entity632 and TKI reintroduction or best supportive care, those in control group only received TKI reintroduction or best supportive care. The primary end-point was overall survival and the secondary end-points were, progression-free survival (PFS), response rates, and safety. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 admitted between June 2008 and October 2011 were eligible for this study, including 22 in TACE group and 38 in control group. In the TACE group, 12 (54.5%) achieved liver partial response, 5 (22.7%) had stable disease, and 5 (22.7%) had @entity409 . Disease control rate of liver @entity3 was 77.3% in the TACE group and 39.5% in the control group. The median liver PFS in TACE group was 47.1 wk (95% CI: 23.9-70.3). The median PFS in TACE group was longer than in control group (30.0 wk, 95% CI: 20.1-39.9 vs 12.9 wk, 95% CI: 11.9-13.9) (P = 0.0001). The median overall survival in TACE group was also longer than in control group (68.5 wk, 95% CI: 57.4-79.6 vs 25.7 wk, 95% CI: 23.2-28.2) (P = 0.0001). TACE treatment signi   cantly reduced the risk of @entity204 (hazard ratio: 0.109). @entity1 without extrahepatic @entity3 treated with TACE had significantly better prognosis. Most of the adverse events were of grade 1 or 2 and tolerable. CONCLUSION: TACE is effective and well tolerated in @entity674 @entity1 with liver @entity3 after TKI failure, and it may be an optional treatment for this disease.

title: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for XXXX with liver @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: A series of @entity26472 ( @entity26472 ) agonists, developed for use as anti- @entity28 agents, were found to have unusual pharmacokinetic behavior arising from excessive retention in the liver, with nearly undetectable levels in plasma following oral administration in @entity19 . This work investigates the molecular basis of the prolonged liver retention that provided a rational basis for the design of an analog with improved behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The livers of @entity19 were harvested and techniques were utilized to fractionate them into pools differentially enriched in organelles. The distribution of organelles in the fractions was determined using organelle-specific enzymatic assays. Livers from @entity19 dosed with drug were fractionated and comparisons with organelle distributions assisted in determining the subcellular localization of the drug. Further analysis in cell culture systems was used to confirm results from liver fractionation studies and also allowed for more extensive evaluations to examine the mechanism for organelle compartmentalization RESULTS: Fractionation of livers following oral administration of the agonist showed sequestration in lysosomes. Subsequent evaluations in a cell culture system confirmed this finding. Agents used to disrupt acidification of lysosomes led to decreased lysosomal accumulation of the drug, which implicated a pH-partitioning type sequestration mechanism. These findings led to the rational synthesis of an analog of the parent compound with properties that reduced lysosomal sequestration. When this compound was examined in @entity19 , the liver retention was found to be greatly reduced and plasma levels were significantly elevated relative to the parent compound. CONCLUSIONS: Weakly basic drugs with optimal physicochemical properties can be extensively sequestered into lysosomes according to a pH-partitioning type mechanism. When administered orally in animals, this particular sequestration event can manifest itself in long term retention in the liver and negligible levels in blood. This work revealed the mechanism for liver retention and provided a rational platform for the design of a new analog with @entity409 and better opportunity for pharmacokinetic analysis and therapeutic activity.

title: Lysosomes contribute to anomalous pharmacokinetic behavior of XXXX agonists.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['decreased liver accumulation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity26472 :: (17202(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['melanocortin-4 receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI) of 30.0-35.0  kg/m(2). Possible mechanisms, including alterations in gastric emptying time (GET), @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ), ghrelin and @entity1243 , were evaluated. METHODS: Twenty @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6 and with a BMI of 30.0-35.0  kg/m(2) underwent LSG during March 2012 to February 2015. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) and GET were measured at baseline, 3  months, 6  months, 12  months and 24  months after surgery. Fasting and post-prandial levels of serum @entity5445 , ghrelin and @entity1243 were measured pre-operatively and after 3 and 6  months. RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was 17.6  months, and 10 @entity1 had completed 2  years of follow-up. After 2  years, the average BMI decreased from 33.4        1.2 to 26.7        1.8  kg/m(2). The mean HbA1c decreased from 8.7        1.6 to 6.7        1.5  %, respectively. Ten @entity1 achieved complete remission. @entity2690 could be stopped in all six @entity1 who were on it pre-operatively. Meal-stimulated @entity5445 response and serum @entity2690 at 30  min showed a significant increase following surgery. There was a significant decrease in GET. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study confirms the positive impact of LSG on @entity6 status of non-morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . The possible mechanisms include the rise in post-prandial @entity5445 level induced by accelerated gastric emptying, leading to an increase in @entity2690 secretion. LSG also leads to decreased ghrelin and @entity1243 levels which may have a role in improving @entity413 homeostasis after surgery.

title: Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on @entity6 , Gastric Emptying Time, XXXX ( @entity5445 ), Ghrelin and @entity1243 in Non-morbidly Obese Subjects with BMI 30-35.0  kg/m(2): a Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide 1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity5445 :: (2641,Gene) :: ['Glucagon-Like Peptide 1']


abstract: The adverse effects of chronic @entity167 consumption (mean 6.68 g/kg/d) were assessed in 150 male @entity35 over their life span (25 months). Evaluations were performed at 2, 3, 8, 13, 19, and 25 months of age for changes in nutrition status, biochemical tests for @entity99 , compositional changes in liver, and hepatic regenerative capacity. In spite of nearly identical caloric intake, @entity167 treatment was associated with nutritional levels 10-30% lower than controls. Maximal changes were observed at the two extremes of ages (2-3 months and 19-25 months). Hence, a nutritional contribution to other adverse changes could not be excluded. Fatty compositional increases ( @entity1674 ) occurred early (5-fold increases after 1 month of treatment) then declined to levels only slightly above controls. Biochemical tests on sera for @entity99 (AST and total @entity648 ) were consistently higher with @entity167 treatment. Regenerative capacity measured by @entity665 uptake after partial hepatectomy was initially elevated in the alcoholic then rapidly declined beyond 7 months of age. In control animals, an age-related decline was also observed but occurred later beyond 12 months of age. Consistent with these adverse effects, @entity1068 diet survival was poorer than the pair-fed control groups by 15% (median survival for alcoholics, 17 months vs. 20 months in controls.

title: Impact of chronic alcoholism on the aging XXXX : changes in nutrition, liver composition, and mortality.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity129 ( @entity129 ) injury is a potential complication that can occur during superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) isolation to cure @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Avoiding radiofrequency (RF) energy delivery is the safer alternative but may result in failed isolation. High-output @entity129 pacing above the ablation site (upstream @entity129 pacing) to confirm whether the @entity129 is intact is a promising technique to avoid @entity128 . This study was conducted to elucidate the safety of delivering RF energy at the site of capture of the right @entity129 using upstream high-output pacing during electrical @entity6480 isolation. METHODS: @entity6480 isolation was conducted in 41 drug-resistant @entity955 @entity1 . When high-output pacing (25 mA) from the distal tip of the ablation catheter captured the @entity129 at the right atrial- @entity6480 junction, upstream @entity129 pacing (cycle length: 1000-1500 ms) was applied during RF delivery. The application of RF energy was stopped upon the failure or weakness of @entity910 . The feasibility of @entity6480 isolation using upstream @entity129 pacing was investigated. RESULTS: In all 41 @entity1 , @entity6480 isolation was successfully achieved. RF energy was delivered at the @entity129 capture site in 26 @entity1 (154    138 second, 18    5 W), and upstream @entity129 pacing was successfully applied in all of the @entity1 . Out of 46 @entity6480 isolations, including five repeated sessions, @entity128 occurred in one @entity1 , who recovered spontaneously within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Upstream @entity129 pacing may be effective for the safe completion of @entity6480 isolation and to reduce the severity of @entity128 .

title: Electrical isolation of the superior vena cava using upstream phrenic pacing to avoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'Phrenic nerve']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['PN injury']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic twitching']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['phrenic nerve injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objectives were to examine national trends of prescription medication use for @entity10 and explore patterns of variation in the use of these medications across social and demographic levels. BACKGROUND: Despite widespread use of prescription medication for management of @entity10 , little is known about utilization patterns or @entity1 characteristics associated with receiving this type of treatment. METHODS: This study conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained during the 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a representative survey of the U.S. noninstitutionalized population. Weighted descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to evaluate patterns and rates of overall prescription medication use in @entity1 reporting @entity10 as a household condition. RESULTS: An estimated 9.7 million @entity1 18 years or older reported suffering from @entity10 in 2000. Of these, 46% reported using at least one medication for the treatment of @entity10 . Migraine-specific abortive medication (ie, selective @entity750 receptor agonists and @entity3860 derivatives) was the most frequently reported medication class, used by 36% of @entity1 . Opiate analgesics and butalbital-containing products also experienced extensive prescribing reported by 22% and 17% of survey respondents, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, wide variation in the use of prescription medication was observed across sociodemographic characteristics including age, ethnicity, and insurance status. CONCLUSION: The observed variation in prescription medication use by drug class and sociodemographic characteristics suggests strategies are needed for improving current prescribing patterns in this @entity1 population.

title: Patterns and predictors of prescription medication use in the management of XXXX : findings from the 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity3860 :: ('MESH:D004878', 'Chemical') :: ['ergotamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: Aggregation of highly phosphorylated tau into aggregated forms such as filaments and @entity3072 is one of the defining pathological hallmarks of @entity195 and other @entity13859 . Hence therapeutic strategies have focused on inhibition of tau phosphorylation or disruption of aggregation. However, animal models imply that tau-mediated dysfunction and @entity137 do not require aggregation but instead are caused by soluble hyper-phosphorylated tau. Over the years, our findings from a @entity238 model of @entity13859 have reinforced this. We have shown that highly phosphorylated wild-type @entity1 tau causes @entity146 resulting from synaptic dysfunction, axonal transport disruption, and cytoskeletal destabilization in vivo. These deficits are evident in the absence of @entity528 or filament/tangle formation. Unsurprisingly, both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of @entity9459 rescue these tau phenotypes. However, @entity9459 inhibition also unexpectedly increases tau protein levels, and produces insoluble granular tau oligomers. As well as underlining the growing consensus that tau @entity137 is mediated by a highly phosphorylated soluble tau species, our findings further show that not all insoluble tau aggregates are toxic. Some tau aggregates, in particular tau oligomers, are non-toxic, and may even be protective against tau @entity137 in vivo. This has serious implications for emerging therapeutic strategies to dissolve tau aggregates, which might be ineffective or even counter-productive. In light of this, it is imperative to identify the key toxic tau species and to understand how it mediates dysfunction and degeneration so that the effective disease-modifying therapies can be developed.

title: Are tau aggregates toxic or protective in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity13859 :: ('MESH:D024801', 'Disease') :: ['tauopathies', 'tauopathy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity13859 :: (MESH:D024801,Disease) :: ['tauopathies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the incidence ratio of @entity7334 ( @entity25878 ), arthroscopic findings of adhesions were evaluated by means of its shape, location and degree. To evaluate the correlation between @entity7334 and the following index, including @entity1 ' age, locking duration and interincisal opening preoperatively. METHODS: 280 consecutive arthroscopically examined joints in 251 @entity1 were evaluated. Two surgeons discussed and recorded the shape, location and degree of adhesion nine parts of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) upper compartment on the chart. The adhesion ratio in different regions and the relation between different grades and @entity25878 stages of adhesions were calculated. The @entity1 with @entity25878 stage III, IV, V were divided into two groups, one with adhesion, and the other without. Interincisal opening, locking duration and age were compared between two groups using t-test. RESULTS: Of all 280 joints, 157 joints had adhesions, which accounted for 56.07%. The adhesion of grade 1 accounted for 44.59%, grade 2 for 32.48%, grade 3 for 7.64%, and grade 4 for 15.29%. The proportions of different grades in different stage were as follows. The joints with adhesion in Stage II accounted for 10.81%, Stage III for 48.76%, Stage IV for 75.61%, and Stage V for 77.78%. There were 223 @entity1 who suffered from @entity25878 III - V. All of 223 @entity1 were divided into the group with adhesion (136 @entity1 ) and the other group without adhesion (87 @entity1 ). The @entity1 ' age, interincisal opening and locking duration between two groups were statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic findings confirmed that the incidence ratio of adhesion was high, mainly occurred in the older @entity1 with longer locking duration and less interincisal opening. With the higher stage of @entity25878 , the adhesion' grades rise.

title: [Arthroscopic diagnosis for XXXX of @entity1348 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intraarticular adhesion']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intraarticular adhesion']


abstract: Our goal was to assess a nonhuman primate diet that mimicked the Western-type diet of @entity1 with regard to palatability and the diet's effects on plasma lipid concentrations and other cardiometabolic risk factors. We evaluated male (n = 8) and female (n = 11) @entity3176 (vervets; @entity46933 ) that initially were fed a standard diet. Each cohort then was divided into 2 groups, which received either standard chow or the Western diet. Food consumption and fecal quality were measured weekly. Body weight, waist circumference, and body-mass index were measured every 2 wk. CBC and clinical chemistry analyses were performed at baseline and 4 wk after the diet change. Plasma lipid concentrations, total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity413 , insulin, and @entity9208 were measured at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 wk after the diet change. @entity6400 were measured in the male monkeys at 6 wk after diet change, and lipid particle size was measured in the female monkeys at the 12-wk point. @entity3176 readily ate the Western diet and maintained baseline body weight and morphometric measures, with no adverse effects on fecal quality or clinical measures. Total plasma @entity165 was higher in monkeys fed the Western diet compared with standard chow. @entity6400 were higher in male monkeys fed standard chow compared with the Western diet, but lipid particle size did not differ by diet in female monkeys. Our data indicate that the Western diet led to changes in various biomedical risk factors of @entity3176 to become similar to those of @entity1 in the United States.

title: Effects of a Western-type diet on plasma lipids and other cardiometabolic risk factors in @entity3176 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['green monkeys', 'Green monkeys', 'African green monkeys']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity46933 :: ('60711', 'Species') :: ['Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity46933 :: (60711,Species) :: ['Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted to evaluate @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES) in Japanese @entity1 , representing the first clinical trial of the use of drug-eluting stents in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: The PK study was conducted in 20 @entity1 with 30 lesions treated with @entity3446 -coated BX Velocity stents. All lesions were treated with a single SES (3 x 18 mm). Angiographic follow-up was performed at 8 months after SES implantation, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated at 1 year in all cases. All procedures were successful, and all @entity1 were discharged without any adverse @entity299 . The total @entity256 rate was 10% (3 lesions) and target vessel revascularization was performed in those 3 cases (15%). Restenoses occurred at the proximal and distal stent margins. Intravascular ultrasound examination of @entity256 cases revealed abundant plaque burden at the stent edges even though the luminal area was preserved. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3446 -eluting BX Velocity stent is safe and useful for Japanese @entity1 with @entity453 . However, @entity256 at proximal stent edge seems to be a problem.

title: Angiographic and clinical outcomes of a pharmacokinetic study of @entity3446 -eluting stents: lesson from XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: Despite current specific therapy, progressive @entity177 in @entity1 with primary @entity631 occurs. Nonspecific renoprotective interventions that have been studied include blood pressure control, antihypertensive medications, and protein-restricted diets. To prepare this article, a MEDLINE search was conducted, followed by secondary and tertiary searches. Research papers were assessed for level of evidence, and graded recommendations were formulated. Protein-restricted diets (to 0.4 to 0.6 g/kg/day) are not recommended for all @entity1 with reduced renal function (grade A). Very low-protein diets of 0.4 g/kg/day should be considered for @entity1 with severe @entity8 (serum @entity1011 of more than 350 micromol/liter; grade A). However, there are concerns about recommending these diets for all @entity1 because of the potential for long-term negative outcomes such as @entity3147 . Target blood pressure for @entity1 with @entity644 of more than 1 g/day should be less than 125/75 mm Hg [mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 92 mm Hg; grade C]. For @entity1 with @entity644 of less than 1 g/day, the target blood pressure should be approximately MAP 98 mm Hg (less than 130/80; grade C). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) therapy is recommended in preference to placebo, conventional, or beta-blocker therapy for renoprotection (grade A). ACEI therapy cannot be recommended above @entity460 channel blockers in @entity1 with @entity8 (grade A).

title: Conservative treatment to slow XXXX : evidence-based recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of renal function']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['deterioration of renal function']


abstract: @entity11050 and HuD belong to the elav gene family and encode neuron-specific RNA-binding proteins that are temporally regulated in neural development. Recently, these genes have been detected in @entity151 , a @entity5 , with HuD down-regulated in poorly differentiated, variant subsets. We, therefore, sought to determine: (a) the extent to which @entity11050 and HuD are expressed in @entity521 ( @entity521 ); and (b) whether the individual patterns of expression are associated with clinical features of the @entity5 . We used a sensitive and quantitative RNase protection assay that reliably distinguishes between these homologous genes, and with it we show that @entity11050 and HuD transcripts were detected in 100% of cultured cells (11 of 11) and 97% of @entity5 samples (35 of 36). Densitometric quantification of transcripts indicated that the levels of HuD and @entity11050 varied in all samples. In primary @entity521 tissue, samples that expressed the highest @entity11050 or HuD levels were @entity4180 unamplified. With HuD, the level in unamplified @entity5 was significantly higher than that of amplified @entity5 (0.80 +/- 0.12 versus 0.33 +/- 0.12, P < 0.02). HuD expression in prognostically favorable @entity5 stages was also significantly higher than unfavorable stages (0.98 +/- 0.19 versus 0.47 +/- 0.08, P < 0.03). In summary, the ubiquitous detection of HuD and @entity11050 in @entity521 indicates that they are molecular neuronal markers of this @entity5 . Furthermore, high HuD mRNA levels may predict a clinically favorable outcome.

title: Neuron-specific @entity11050 and HuD as novel molecular markers of XXXX : a correlation of HuD messenger RNA levels with favorable prognostic features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: We examined the independent relationships among various visceral and abdominal subcutaneous @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) depots, @entity413 tolerance, and @entity2690 sensitivity in 89 @entity28 @entity1 . Measurements included an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), @entity413 disposal by euglycemic clamp, and abdominal and nonabdominal (e.g., peripheral) @entity1386 by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OGTT @entity413 and @entity413 disposal rates were related (P < 0.05) to @entity1386 (r = 0.50 and -0.41, respectively). These observations remained significant (P < 0.05) after control for nonabdominal and abdominal subcutaneous @entity1386 , and maximal @entity3612 consumption (VO(2 max)). Abdominal subcutaneous @entity1386 was not a significant correlate (P > 0.05) of any metabolic variable after control for nonabdominal and @entity1386 and VO(2 max). Division of abdominal subcutaneous @entity1386 into deep and superficial depots and @entity1386 into intra- and extraperitoneal @entity1386 depots did not alter the observed relationships. Further analysis matched two groups of @entity1 for abdominal subcutaneous @entity1386 but also for low and high @entity1386 . @entity1 with high @entity1386 had higher OGTT @entity413 values and lower @entity413 disposal rates compared with those with low @entity1386 values (P < 0.05). A similar analysis performed on two groups of @entity1 matched for @entity1386 but also for high and low abdominal subcutaneous @entity1386 revealed no statistically different values for any metabolic variable (P > 0.10). In conclusion, @entity1386 alone is a strong correlate of @entity2690 resistance independent of nonabdominal and abdominal subcutaneous @entity1386 and @entity65 . Subdivision of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous @entity1386 by MRI did not provide additional insight into the relationship between @entity1144 and metabolic risk in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Abdominal adiposity and XXXX resistance in @entity28 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'visceral AT', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular fitness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of chronic @entity3617 , @entity565 and airflow limitation in the general population of the urban-industrial area in and around the town of Sabadell (Catalonia, Spain), and to assess its degree of association with smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. METHODS: Transversal study of 642 @entity1 and @entity1 between 20 and 70 years of age listed on census rolls. The standardized questionnaire of the American @entity1514 Society was used to interview 576 subjects (90%). Tests of forced spirometry with bronchodilation were administered to 497 individuals (77%). RESULTS: The prevalence of chronic @entity3617 was 11.6% (21% of @entity1 and 2.7% of @entity1 ). @entity565 had been diagnosed by a subject's doctor in 3.3% of the sample (2.1% of @entity1 and 4.4% of @entity1 ). The prevalence of several @entity565 -related symptoms was higher. Dyspnea with wheezing was reported by 10.6% of the population (11.4% of @entity1 and 9.8% of @entity1 ); wheezing within the past year was reported by 38.2% (45.4% of @entity1 and 31.4% of @entity1 ). The prevalence of airflow limitation (defined as FEV1 < 80% with an FEV1/FVC index < 70%) in the population sample was 7.2% (10.4% of @entity1 and 4.1% of @entity1 ); in @entity1 aged 60 to 70 years, however, the prevalence was 30.8%. Exposure to secondhand smoke was related to the presence of chronic coughing (OR = 4.6) and wheezing (OR = 1.8), but not to significant spirometric changes. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation is high in our area, particularly among @entity1 and older @entity1 (60 to 70 years old). Like active smokers and ex-smokers, subjects who have been exposed to secondhand smoke are at greater risk of developing respiratory symptoms.

title: [Prevalence of chronic @entity3617 , XXXX and airflow limitation in an urban-industrial area of Catalonia].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity794 is a pathogen and a commensal bacterial species that is found in @entity1 . Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) sense and respond to environmental stresses, which include antimicrobial agents produced by other bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the relation between the TCS SrrAB and susceptibility to the @entity273 ( @entity5568 ) that is produced by @entity885 sanguinis, which is a commensal oral @entity885 . An srrA-inactivated @entity16330 mutant demonstrated low susceptibility to the @entity5568 produced by @entity885 . We investigated the expression of anti-oxidant factors in the mutant. The expression of katA in the mutant was significantly higher than in the @entity164 ( @entity164 ) in the presence or absence of 0.4 mM @entity5568 . The expression of dps in the mutant was significantly increased compared with the @entity164 in the presence of @entity5568 but not in the absence of @entity5568 . A katA or a dps-inactivated mutant had high susceptibility to @entity5568 compared with @entity164 . In addition, we found that the @entity842 detoxification protein (flavohemoglobin: Hmp), which is regulated by SrrAB, was related to @entity5568 susceptibility. The hmp-inactivated mutant had slightly lower susceptibility to the @entity5568 produced by @entity885 than did @entity164 . When a srrA-inactivated mutant or the @entity164 were co-cultured with @entity885 , the population percentage of the mutant was significantly higher than the @entity164 . In conclusion, SrrAB regulates katA, dps and hmp expression and affects @entity5568 susceptibility. Our findings suggest that SrrAB is related in vivo to the co-existence of @entity16330 with @entity885 .

title: @entity794 SrrAB Affects Susceptibility to XXXX and Co-Existence with @entity885 sanguinis.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'streptococcus', 'S. sanguinis']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen Peroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate if there is a relationship between subclinical @entity1374 and @entity6677 . METHODS: Between November 2000 and April 2003, serum thyrotropin screening was performed on all @entity1 who presented for prenatal care. @entity1 identified with abnormal thyrotropin had a serum free @entity1955 reflexively determined. Those @entity1 with abnormal serum free @entity1955 values were referred for further evaluation and excluded from further analysis. For this analysis, normal thyrotropin values were those between the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles (0.03-4.13 milliunits/L) not corrected for gestational age and serum free @entity1955 were considered normal if they ranged from 0.9 to 2.0 mg/dL. @entity1 with an elevated serum thyrotropin but a normal serum free @entity1955 were designated to have @entity1375 and those with a low thyrotropin and a normal serum free @entity1955 level were designated to have @entity1378 . Euthyroid @entity1 had both normal thyrotropin and normal serum free @entity1955 values. The incidence of @entity6677 was compared among these three groups. RESULTS: Of the 24,883 @entity1 included in the study, 23,771 (95.5%) were euthyroid, 584 (2.3%) had @entity1378 , and 528 (2%) had @entity1375 . The likelihood of @entity6677 increased with @entity7287 level (P=.002). For example, when a pregnant Hispanic @entity1 of average age and weight was used, the predicted percent of @entity6677 increased from 1.9% to 4.9% as thyrotropin increased from 0.001 to 10 milliunits/L (P=.001). CONCLUSION: The risk of developing @entity6677 increases with thyrotropin level. This supports a relationship between @entity1375 and @entity6 diagnosed during pregnancy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Relationship of subclinical @entity1374 to the incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes']


abstract: In first-episode @entity1 with @entity716 , @entity1088 may be potentially valuable as an initial treatment seeking to limit early on clinical and @entity73 . Nevertheless, until recently its restricted use has limited the study of this possibility. Our research group is developing a non-commercial, multicentric and open label study on the differential efficacy between @entity1088 and @entity1090 in first-episode @entity161 . In this paper, we present the results related to clinical variables after a one-year follow-up. So far, we have recruited 30 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 or @entity914 with illness duration of less than two years. The @entity1 had not received any previous treatment and they were randomized to treatment with @entity1088 or @entity1090 . Our results indicate that on average, @entity1 on @entity1088 adhered to their original treatment for a longer time period than @entity1 on @entity1090 . By last observation carried forward (LOCF) analysis, @entity1 on @entity1088 and @entity1090 displayed similar clinical improvements, although marginally greater improvements in positive and total symptoms scores were found in the @entity1088 group. At the 12-month point we observed a marginal improvement in negative symptom scores in @entity1 on @entity1088 . Subjective secondary effects, as measured with the Udvalg for KliniskeUnders  gelser (UKU) scale, correlated negatively with negative symptoms at follow-up. Our data, although preliminary, suggest that @entity1088 may have a slightly superior efficacy in the initial year of treatment of first-episode treatment-na  ve @entity1 with @entity161 , and this can be explained for the most part by greater adherence to this treatment.

title: Randomized trial of XXXX vs. @entity1090 in treatment-na  ve first-episode @entity161 : results after one year.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizophreniform disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['clozapine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of @entity291 's @entity6132 (CMA) on @entity1 with @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ). METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 , who developed @entity344 before the age of 60 days and underwent surgery for @entity1963 in the period between January 2003 and December 2012, were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups based on CMA-related findings: stimulation index of lymphocyte stimulation test >300 % and the presence of eosinophilic infiltration in the resected colon. Ten @entity1 were determined specimen as not having CMA (Group A), because they did not satisfy any of the criteria. The remaining 14 were determined as having possible CMA (Group B), because they satisfied either or both findings. @entity1 background characteristics, pre- and postoperative clinical history, and laboratory data were compared between Groups A and B. RESULTS: Pre- and @entity86 did not occur in Group A @entity1 . @entity86 was more frequent in Group B than in Group A (p = 0.04). Other clinical and laboratory data did not show significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: CMA is a possible risk factor for @entity86 in @entity1 with @entity1963 .

title: Impact of XXXX 's @entity6132 on enterocolitis associated with @entity1963 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative enterocolitis', 'Postoperative enterocolitis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed morbidity, response and survival in @entity1 with metastatic @entity703 treated with high dose intravenous @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) based immunotherapy with the primary @entity703 in place. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of @entity1 with metastatic @entity703 and the primary @entity703 in situ who were treated at the surgery branch of the National @entity5 Institute. Of the @entity1 607 were treated with @entity1199 based therapy. @entity1 age, sex, sites of extrarenal disease, morbidity, and response and survival rates were examined. RESULTS: From 1986 to 1996, 51 @entity1 with the majority of disease at extrarenal sites were treated with the @entity5 in place. Treatment involved @entity1199 based regimens, reflecting the evolution of immunotherapy at the National Institutes of Health. When evaluating only extrarenal sites, response was complete in 1 and partial in 2 of the 51 cases (6%). No responses were noted in the primary @entity703 . Three @entity1 with responses at extrarenal sites underwent nephrectomy. The duration of response in these 3 cases was greater than 88, 11 and 4 months, respectively. Median survival in all 51 @entity1 was 13 months (range 1 to 86). CONCLUSIONS: Select @entity1 may be treated with @entity1199 based immunotherapy with the primary @entity703 in place with morbidity. A randomized study is needed to assess the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy for treating @entity1358 .

title: @entity1199 based immunotherapy for XXXX with the kidney in place.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'kidney tumor', 'renal carcinoma', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Lower hemoglobin levels have been associated with @entity73 in older @entity1 . The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between lower hemoglobin levels and common, age-related neuropathologies associated with @entity73 . Hemoglobin and neuropathology measures were available in 113 deceased, community-dwelling, older adults participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a prospective, observational, clinical pathology study of aging. The mean hemoglobin level was 13.0 g/dL (SD = 1.4) and was measured 3.2 (SD = 1.3) years prior to @entity204 . Thirty-five @entity1 had at least one chronic macroscopic @entity1188 and twenty-nine had at least one chronic microscopic @entity1188 . Eleven @entity1 had Lewy Bodies. The mean @entity195 pathology score based on a summary measure of neuritic plaques, diffuse plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles was 0.56 unit (SD = 0.56; range = 0, 2.34). Using logistic regression models adjusted for age at @entity204 , gender, and education, each g/dL lower hemoglobin level increased the odds for having a chronic macroscopic @entity1188 by 37% (95% CI = 1.01, 1.86) but not for having a chronic microscopic @entity1188 (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.82, 1.52) or Lewy Bodies (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.68, 1.68). In an adjusted multiple regression model, hemoglobin level was not associated with the global AD pathology measure (parameter estimate = -0.02, SE = 0.03, p = 0.6). In secondary analyses, lower hemoglobin levels were associated with higher odds of having a chronic macroscopic @entity1188 in a subcortical region but not with higher total subcortical chronic macroscopic @entity1188 volume. In conclusion, lower hemoglobin levels appear to be associated with chronic macroscopic @entity1188 but not other common age-related neuropathologies.

title: Association of lower hemoglobin level and neuropathology in community-dwelling older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: PURPOSE: Local recurrence is a significant problem following primary surgery for advanced @entity189 . The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of adjuvant vulvar radiation on local control in high risk @entity1 and the impact of local recurrence on overall survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1980-1994, 62 @entity1 with invasive @entity189 and either positive or close (less 8 mm) margins of excision were retrospectively studied. Thirty-one @entity1 were treated with adjuvant radiation therapy to the vulva and 31 @entity1 were observed after surgery. Kaplan-Meier estimates and the @entity797 proportional hazard regression model were used to evaluate the effect of adjuvant radiation therapy on local recurrence and overall survival. Independent prognostic factors for local recurrence and survival were also assessed. RESULTS: Local recurrence occurred in 58% of observed @entity1 and 16% in @entity1 treated with adjuvant radiation therapy. Adjuvant radiation therapy significantly reduced local recurrence rates in both the close margin and positive margin groups (p = 0.036, p = 0.0048). On both univariate and multivariate analysis adjuvant radiation and margins of excision were significant prognostic predictors for local control. Significant determinants of actuarial survival included International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) stage, percentage of pathologically positive inguinal nodes and margins of excision. The positive margin observed group had a significantly poorer actuarial 5 year survival than the other groups (p = 0.0016) and adjuvant radiation significantly improved survival for this group. The 2 year actuarial survival after developing local recurrence was 25%. Local recurrence was a significant predictor for @entity204 from @entity189 (risk ratio 3.54). CONCLUSION: Local recurrence is a common occurrence in high risk @entity1 . In this study adjuvant radiation therapy significantly reduced local recurrence rates and may improve overall survival in certain subgroups. As salvage rates after developing local recurrence are poor adjuvant vulvar radiation should be considered for @entity1 at risk after primary surgery.

title: Adjuvant radiation for XXXX : improved local control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulva carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['vulvar carcinoma']


abstract: Evaluation of: Bidard FC, Huguet F, Louvet C et al. Circulating @entity5 cells in locally advanced @entity788 : the ancillary CirCe 07 study to the LAP 07 trial. Ann. Oncol. 24(8), 2057-2061 (2013). Circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) may be shed from the primary @entity5 and lead to metastatic disease. This evaluated article reports on CTCs in locally advanced @entity788 (LAPC). By assessing CTCs from peripheral blood prior to any treatment and after 2 months of chemotherapy, 11% of @entity1 had detectable CTCs. These @entity1 had a poorer overall survival. With such low numbers of CTCs detected in LAPC @entity1 , it is unclear whether CTCs can actually contribute toward @entity5 invasiveness and spread in such an aggressive @entity5 . Although this is a well-designed study, the small number of @entity1 with detectable CTCs means that the statistical power is not great enough to make firm conclusions. Therefore, this expensive assay needs further investigation before being used a prognostic marker in @entity1 with LAPC.

title: Is the detection of circulating XXXX cells in locally advanced @entity788 a useful prognostic marker?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate systemic and ovarian changes in levels of @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in response to hCG administration to determine which may be the potential initiator of vascular effects and to identify the main source of the substance; to evaluate serum and follicular fluid levels of these cytokines as markers of @entity43 ( @entity43 ), and to compare levels of these cytokines under basal conditions in @entity1 with normal ovulation and those with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ). DESIGN: Prospective controlled study. SETTING: In vitro fertilization program at the Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Valencia, Spain. @entity1 (S): @entity1 undergoing IVF, in whom the first two study objectives were analyzed, and @entity1 with normal ovulation and @entity1 with @entity3610 undergoing retrieval of immature oocytes in natural cycles or cycles stimulated for IUI but cancelled during induction of ovulation, in whom the third study objective was analyzed. INTERVENTION(S): Serum was collected before and after hCG administration, and follicular fluid was collected at ovum pick-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum and follicular fluid levels of @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity7 . RESULT(S): There was a significant increase in serum @entity7 levels after hCG administration in @entity1 who were at risk for @entity43 compared with those who were not at risk for @entity43 . Significantly lower @entity7 levels were found in the follicular fluid of @entity1 who were at risk; this decrease was the only useful marker to discriminate between the two groups. Moreover, both groups had similar cytokine production under basal conditions. An increase in serum E2 occurred coincident with a decrease in @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity7 in @entity1 with @entity3610 . CONCLUSION(S): @entity7 seems to be the mediator of hCG on the vascular tree. There was an early systemic increase in @entity7 that may have significance in the development of @entity43 . A decrease in the follicular fluid @entity7 concentration is a valid marker to identify @entity1 in whom @entity43 will develop. The pattern of cytokine release in @entity1 with @entity3610 under basal conditions was not different from that in @entity1 with normal ovulation.

title: The pathogenesis of @entity43 : in vivo studies investigating the role of XXXX , @entity650 , and @entity7 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'OHSS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1beta']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is a T-cell-mediated disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by @entity17 and @entity528 . INF-b1b was the first drug approved for @entity15 @entity1 in 1993. In 1996, @entity1638 (GA), a synthetic copolymer, was approved in the USA for the treatment of @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) and @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Although the immunological action of GA has been fully investigated, the exact mechanisms of action of GA are still not completely elucidated. Several in vitro studies on @entity19 and human @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) have shown that GA is able to bind to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), on the surface of @entity1358 , recognizing @entity10927 ( @entity10927 ). AREAS COVERED: This review explores the pharmacological characteristics of GA, its mechanism of action and its pharmacokinetics properties. The article also provides information on the efficacy, tolerability and an overview of the most important clinical data on GA. EXPERT OPINION: Despite the development of novel compounds, it is not surprising that GA is, to date, one of the most prescribed drugs for @entity3780 @entity1 and @entity922 @entity1 . The proven efficacy and the mild adverse events, makes GA a good therapeutic option in the early stage of the disease. This is particularly useful for @entity1 who suffer flu-like symptoms from other @entity3780 therapies as an alternative.

title: The pharmacokinetics of @entity1638 for XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['antigen-presenting cells', 'APCs']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'clinically isolated syndrome']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: the rise in life expectancy, together with age-related increase in the incidence of most @entity5 , has led to mounting interest in @entity5 screening in older @entity1 . In England, routine invitations stop and an 'opt-in' (individual request) process is available from ages 71 to 76 years for breast and colorectal screening respectively. Little is known about public attitudes towards age-stoppage policy. OBJECTIVE: this study examined public attitudes to current stoppage policy, information preferences and intentions to request screening beyond the age of routine invitations. SAMPLE: @entity1 (n = 927; age 60-74 years) were recruited as part of a TNS Research International survey and took part in home-based, computer-assisted interviews. METHODS: measures included: (i) attitudes towards current stoppage policy, (ii) preference for communications about screening after the end of the routine invitation period and (iii) intention to opt-in. RESULTS: the majority of respondents (78%) did not agree with age-based stoppage policies. Most (83%) wanted a strong recommendation to opt-in after this age, although the number who thought they would follow such a recommendation was much lower (27%). A majority of @entity1 (54%) thought information on screening at older ages should come from their general practitioner (GP). CONCLUSION: this survey indicates that older @entity1 in England wish to continue to be actively invited for @entity5 screening, although only a minority think that they would ultimately take up the offer. Primary care may play a role in negotiating a shared decision that is based on individual circumstances.

title: Continuing XXXX screening later in life: attitudes and intentions among older adults in England.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The effects of oral @entity172 treatment on sexual physiology and behavior were examined in seven presurgical male-to-female transsexuals engaged in cross-living. Subjects were studied prior to hormone treatment, during long-term hormone treatment, and during an experimental double-blind period in which the effects of their usual hormone regimen were compared to those of placebo during successive 4-week periods. Subjects maintained daily logs of their spontaneous erections, sexual activity (masturbation), and feelings throughout the study. Nocturnal penile tumescence was measured, using home monitors, in order to estimate @entity172 -induced changes in erectile capacity. Erectile response to sexually arousing stimuli (erotic films and self-generated fantasy) was also assessed in the laboratory. Blood samples were taken at intervals for @entity251 and sex-hormone-binding globulin measurements and free @entity251 levels were calculated. @entity172 treatment inhibited sexual activity, spontaneous erections, and nocturnal penile tumescence. No significant effects on psychophysiological response to film and fantasy or frequency of sexual feelings were found, but the psychophysiological data were very variable. @entity251 levels were suppressed by @entity172 , but not to the extent that free @entity251 levels were. It appears that declining free @entity251 level is associated with inhibition of spontaneous erections (during both sleep and waking) and of sexual activity, though the latter relationship is less clear. No evidence of an effect on film or fantasy-induced erections was obtained.

title: Effects of XXXX treatment on sexual behavior in male-to-female transsexuals: experimental and clinical observations.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone', 'testosterone']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The rapid-acting insulin analogs aspart and lispro have now been developed in biphasic formulations. This trial compared the postprandial serum @entity413 control of biphasic insulin aspart 30 ( @entity14184 : 30% aspart, 70% protaminated aspart) with that of biphasic insulin lispro 25 (Mix25: 25% lispro, 75% protaminated lispro) and biphasic @entity1 insulin 30 ( @entity14542 : 30% regular insulin, 70% NPH insulin) in insulin-treated subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was an open-labeled, randomized, single-dose, three-way crossover trial of 61 insulin-treated subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 who had no significant late @entity2412 . @entity14184 and Mix25 were injected subcutaneously immediately before a test meal, and @entity14542 was injected 15 min before a test meal. The primary target of analysis was serum @entity413 excursion 0-5 h after a meal. RESULTS: The postprandial glycemic control with @entity14184 , as assessed by the 5-h postmeal serum @entity413 excursion, was superior to that with both @entity14542 and Mix25 (16.6 +/- 4.5 vs. 20.1 +/- 4.9 and 18.9 +/- 6.1 mmol/l per hour, respectively; P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). For @entity14184 versus @entity14542 , this was supported by a reduced maximum @entity413 concentration [C(max(SG))] (-5%; P < 0.05) occurring earlier (-13 min; P < 0.01). Furthermore, @entity14184 displayed a higher maximum serum insulin concentration (+101%; P < 0.001) occurring earlier (-55 min; P < 0.001) compared with @entity14542 . Compared with Mix25, there was a shorter time to C(max(SG)) (-11 min; P < 0.05) after treatment with @entity14184 . CONCLUSIONS: This trial demonstrates that @entity14184 improves postprandial glycemic control compared with both Mix25 and @entity14542 in subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Improved postprandial glycemic control with biphasic insulin aspart relative to biphasic insulin lispro and biphasic @entity1 insulin in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']