abstract: The location, size, geometry and neuropathological findings of @entity816 ( @entity816 ), @entity3038 and @entity242 induced by the @entity778 ( @entity778 ) in @entity235 were compared with images generated using computerized tomography (CT) and real time high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS). Seven @entity816 showed a wide range of findings on CT. Pre-contrast CT scans showed that the @entity5 could be hyper, hypo, or isodense. Three of seven @entity816 had no contrast enhancement; two of these @entity5 were also isodense which resulted in a false-negative CT exam. Partial enhancement was seen in one @entity5 . This resulted in a sensitivity of detection of 72%. Real time HRUS was able to define @entity5 location, size and geometry of the @entity816 missed or incompletely imaged by CT. All @entity5 were hyperechoic. Inhomogeneity of the echo pattern was due to @entity548 , @entity39 . Such secondary @entity5 characteristics were more accurately defined by HRUS compared to CT. Vasogenic @entity4 in the brain surrounding @entity5 was of low density on CT and hypoechoic or indistinguishable from normal brain on US. Similar findings were seen in six @entity3038 , two of which were not visualized by either pre- or post-contrast enhanced CT scans (sensitivity of 66%). @entity242 differed in that they were either hyper or isodense; none were hypodense. The area of increased density matched the @entity5 geometry and correlated with dense cellularity and reticulin deposition. All 13 @entity242 showed contrast enhancement (100% sensitivity), but in two @entity5 , contrast enhanced CT underestimated the size of the @entity5 . Because of the large size and multiplicity of the @entity242 , HRUS imaging was not able to resolve the entire @entity5 volume because of limited imaging access. Intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) crossed the @entity5 blood-brain barrier (BBB) only in those @entity5 in which contrast enhancement was seen. These studies suggest that intraoperative HRUS imaging may be useful in detecting and delineating @entity1 @entity816 incompletely visualized by CT.

title: Correlation of neuropathologic findings, computerized tomographic and high-resolution ultrasound scans of XXXX @entity778 -induced brain tumors.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['avian sarcoma virus', 'ASV']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'Sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['cyst formation, and necrosis within the tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'AA']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Surgical repair of @entity215 ( @entity215 ) in countries with sound medical care systems is seldom delayed until adolescence. This study investigated the clinical profile and the surgical outcomes in such a population from Taiwan. Between 1970 and 2009, 179 @entity215 @entity1 (56% male) received total repair at 19.2    8.3 (10-49) years of age. We reviewed the medical records and interviewed the @entity1 concerning their current status. The survival was ascertained in all by a link to our national health database. Major morbidities before cardiac repair included @entity943 (1.1%), @entity943 (3.9%), @entity884 (6.7%), @entity867 (4.6%) and @entity1907 (3.3%). @entity943 and @entity1907 occurred mainly after 20 years of age. Thirty @entity1 (16.8%) received a palliative shunt. The preoperative QRS duration increment was 0.6 ms/year. Early mortality occurred in 4 (2.2%) and was related to previous shunt surgery (OR = 16.5, p < 0.05) and coronary artery crossing RVOT (OR 17.6, p < 0.05). After repair, the functional class improved in all @entity1 . The median age at latest follow-up was 31.8 (32.8    12.3) years. The survival was 92.7 and 89.3% at 20 and 30 years after operation, respectively. Late @entity65 could be predicted by the length of postoperative intensive care unit stay (OR = 1.3, p < 0.001). The freedom from @entity943 30 years after repair was 84.1% and was associated with a final QRS longer than 160 ms. Unrepaired @entity215 @entity1 were at high risk of @entity884 , @entity867 , @entity1907 and @entity943 during their adolescence and adulthood. Cardiac repair in this age group was still safe and effective.

title: Natural and unnatural history of XXXX repaired during adolescence and adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'atrial arrhythmia', 'Ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and laboratory data of @entity884 ( @entity884 ) in 28 @entity1 from @entity2739  ria, state of @entity10223  rito Santo, Brazil. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 28 @entity1 aged 18 years and under admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit of Nossa Senhora da Gl  ria @entity1 's Hospital with a diagnosis of @entity884 from January 1993 to December 2001. The diagnosis of @entity884 was based on the criteria established by the @entity884 Service (Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA): positive blood cultures and echocardiogram (primary criteria); and @entity221 , history of @entity299 , recent heart murmur, and vascular and immunological phenomena (secondary criteria). A specific protocol was filled out by interns and medical students and revised by physicians from the hospital medical team to obtain the following data: age, sex, clinical and laboratory findings, and results of transthoracic echocardiography. In all cases, three blood samples were collected under aseptic conditions and inoculated in aerobic and anaerobic environments. The samples were then incubated at 37 degrees C and tested with the VITEC SYSTEM automatized system (BIOLAB). RESULTS: Among 28 @entity1 , 16 were @entity1 . Age was between 3 and 180 months (mean 70.6 +/- 59.2 months). Most @entity1 (68%) came from the metropolitan area of @entity2739  ria, and half presented a history of @entity13675 . The most frequent clinical findings which led to suspicion of @entity884 were: prolonged @entity221 in all cases, new or changing regurgitant murmur (67.9%), @entity1353 (57.1%), @entity382 (57.1%), vascular phenomena (32.2%), @entity381 (28.6%), and Osler's nodes (7.1%). Blood cultures were positive in 16 @entity1 (57.1%), and community-acquired @entity794 was the most frequently isolated pathogen (56.6%). Despite the treatment, @entity221 persisted for 2.5 to 30 days (median=18.0 days). Mean leukocyte count at admission was 11,657 +/- 7,085 mm3. Transthoracic echocardiography showed @entity75 in all @entity1 , evidencing vegetations in the tricuspid valve (25%), mitral valve (25%), and intraventricular communication border (28%). Thirteen (46.4%) @entity1 presented concomitant sepsis and three (10.7%) developed @entity580 . There was one death (3.6%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity884 in our country is frequent among @entity1 younger than 2 years with @entity13675 . Community-acquired @entity794 was the most frequently isolated microorganism in @entity1 with no previous @entity299 . @entity884 , @entity3555 , @entity794 , transthoracic echocardiography.

title: [Clinical and laboratory findings in a series of cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiopathy', 'cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endocardial lesion']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'cardiac lesion']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'Duke Endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis', 'Acute infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite the increase in use of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in recent years, until now no nationwide survey on this issue has been performed in Poland. AIM: To determine current surgical practice patterns among Polish pediatric surgeons in the treatment of @entity698 in @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The nationwide survey was conducted in the form of an internet questionnaire asking for information concerning treatment of @entity1 suspected of having @entity697 in the years 2007-2011. Twenty-seven major pediatric surgical departments in Poland were invited to participate in the study. RESULTS: The overall survey response rate was 70.37%. Laparoscopic appendectomy was offered in all departments except one. Laparoscopy was used in 33% of cases and was the standard procedure in 4 departments. In 1 center 100% of appendectomies were performed laparoscopically. The 3-port technique was used in all departments. Five centers offered transumbilical laparoscopic extracorporeal appendectomy and 2 centers single-port appendectomy. In LA the mesoappendix was mostly divided using bipolar or monopolar coagulation and the appendix was ligated using endoloops or was clipped. The mean hospitalization time was 3.31 days after laparoscopy and 5.47 days after open appendectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an apparent consensus on some aspects of @entity698 among Polish pediatric surgeons, significant inconsistency exists in the operative approach. The low rate of LA suggests that LA still remains far from being a standard. Personal experience and preference have a major influence on the choice of operative approach. It is recommended that national guidelines be set up, which could standardize the care for @entity1 and training of pediatric surgery residents.

title: The role of laparoscopy in the management of XXXX : a survey of Polish pediatric surgeons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis', 'pediatric appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['pediatric appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of direct stenting and to compare it with conventional implantation techniques in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). METHODS: A total of 145 @entity1 were divided into two arms based on the stenting technique used: group I (n = 71) = direct stenting without predilatation group that included only single-vessel procedures and group II (n = 74) = stenting with predilatation group that included only single-vessel conventional stent implantations. The primary endpoint of the study was the major adverse clinical event (MACE) rate in-hospital, at 1 month, and at 6 months and the secondary endpoint was the balloon inflation time (BIT), the number of @entity661 (NBI), the radiation exposure time (RET), the amount of contrast dye used (ACD) and the no-reflow phenomenon. RESULTS: Primary success rate was 89% in group I and 95% in group II; overall procedural success rate was 94% in group I and 100% in group II. The rate of MACE was not different during the follow-up period between the two groups. The RET, @entity22790 and NBI were significantly lower in group I than in group II (p < 0.001 for all). The ACD used was also significantly lower in group I than in group II (125 60 ml versus 155 71 ml; p = 0.006). Furthermore, the rate of no-reflow was significantly lower in group I than in group II (2.8% versus 13.5%; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Direct stenting is a feasible and safe technique. It is equivalent to single-vessel conventional stent implantation techniques with respect to MACE rate in-hospital, at 1 month, and at 6 month follow-up in selected @entity1 with @entity1187 .

title: Direct stent implantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon inflations']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: There is increasing evidence indicating that @entity172 replacement therapy produces neuroprotective actions but has undesirable side effects on the reproductive system. @entity441 is a selective @entity172 receptor modulator that exerts @entity172 agonist action in the brain while acting as an @entity172 antagonist in the reproductive system. In the present study, we investigated whether @entity441 affected the @entity2227 -induced @entity460 ( @entity141 ) overload in @entity35 cultured cortical neurons. The bulk cytosolic intracellular @entity141 level was measured by using confocal microscopy with fluorescent @entity141 probe @entity3576 . Whole-cell recording technique was used to observe the effects of @entity441 on @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-evoked and voltage-activated @entity141 currents in cultured cortical neurons. Pre-exposure of cortical neurons to @entity441 (0.5 microM-10 microM) for 3 min attenuated intracellular @entity141 increase induced by application of @entity2227 (300 microM) for 1 min. The action of @entity441 was reversible after washout. @entity1299 and @entity2426 did not block the action of @entity441 . In whole-cell recording experiments, @entity441 (10 microM) significantly reduced the amplitude of the high-voltage-activated @entity141 current but had no effect on @entity143 -evoked @entity141 current. The present study demonstrates that @entity441 acutely reduces @entity2227 -induced intracellular @entity141 increase probably via inhibition of high-voltage-activated @entity460 channels.

title: @entity441 acutely reduces XXXX -induced intracellular @entity460 increase in cultured @entity35 cortical neurons via inhibition of high-voltage-activated @entity460 current.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'Raloxifene']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: A diversity of molecular translocation mechanisms, including various secretion systems, has been elaborated in host-bacterial interactions. The newly described type VI secretion system (T6SS) appears to be involved in bacterial pathogenesis by acting as a nano-syringe, contributing in translocation of several effector-proteins into the eukaryotic host cell cytoplasm. Recent evidences revealed the involvement of T6SS machinery in inter-bacterial interactions. Several @entity61979 species are found to harbour multiple and well organised T6SS loci, however, their genomic structural similarities as well as phylogenetic divergence suggest an independent evolution. Until now elementary evidence was provided for the presence of T6SS in the genomes of @entity61979 (Pen), an aggressive insect pathogen as well as the @entity1 opportunistic pathogen @entity24118 (Pme). In this report we evidenced by in silico genome mining along with bioinformatic analysis the presence of genes encoding for putative T6SS core components and secreted proteins in the sequenced Pen L48 and Pme ymp, strains and designated their putative promoters, sigma factors binding sites and various regulatory proteins. Moreover, we investigated the phylogenetic relatedness of four T6SS core proteins from these strains with their orthologues from various @entity61979 species. Our analysis revealed two phylogenetically distinguishable T6SS loci in the genome of Pme that appeared to be highly homologous to @entity796 Hcp-Secretion Island-I (HSI-I) and -II. Our findings suggest that Pme could be excellent additional to @entity796 model, for the elucidation of HSI-I and -II biological role(s), avoiding the overlapping activity HSI-III (Lesic et al., 2009), which is missing from Pme's genome. Likewise, our analysis revealed the presence of a unique entire T6SS in Pen genome, which appears to be phylogenetically close to Pme T6SS-II and @entity796 HSI-II. Since Pen lacks the common secretion systems T3SS and T4SS, the single T6SS locus could have an enforced role in the insect-bacterial interactions, providing thus a promising model for studying its biological function.

title: XXXX and @entity24118 : potential models for studying the bacterial type VI secretion system.

entities_list: @entity61979 :: ('312306', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas entomophila', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity24118 :: ('300', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas mendocina']

answer: @entity61979 :: (312306,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas entomophila']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is a frequently performed procedure for the treatment of @entity354 in surgical clinics. Reflux can recur in between 3% and 30% of @entity1 on whom antireflux surgery has been performed, and so revision surgery can be required due to recurrent symptoms or @entity1282 in approximately 3% to 6% of the @entity1 . The objective of this study is to evaluate the mechanism of recurrences after antireflux surgery and to share our results after revision surgery in recurrent cases.From 2001 to 2014, revision surgery was performed on 43 @entity1 (31 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ) between the ages of 24 and 70 years. The technical details of the first operation, recurrence symptoms, endoscopy, and manometry findings were evaluated. The findings of revision surgery, surgical techniques, morbidity rates, length of hospitalization, and follow-up period were also recorded and evaluated.The first operation was Nissen fundoplication in 34 @entity1 and Toupet fundoplication in 9 @entity1 . Mesh hiatoplasty was performed for enforcement in 18 (41.9%) of these @entity1 . The period between the first operation and the revision surgery ranged from 4 days to 60 months. The most common finding was slipped fundoplication and presence of @entity357 during revision surgery. Revision fundoplication and @entity547 with mesh reinforcement were used in 33 @entity1 . The other techniques were Collis gastroplasty, revision fundoplication, and @entity547 without mesh. The range of follow-up period was from 2 to 134 months. Recurrence occurred in 3 @entity1 after revision surgery (6.9%). Although revision surgery is difficult and it has higher morbidity, it can be performed effectively and safely in experienced centers.

title: Laparoscopic revision surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia repair']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: A new member of the 14-3-3 protein family in @entity380 has been identified. Sequence analysis demonstrated that this protein is a member of the epsilon sub-group and is the orthologue of @entity2042 @entity35795 . Since we had previously identified a @entity35795 protein from @entity383 , we termed the original protein @entity35795 -1 and this second epsilon protein @entity35795 -2. @entity380 encodes at least four different 14-3-3 isoforms: the two epsilon proteins and 14-3-3 protein 1 and protein 2, which are zeta-like isoforms. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the early divergence of the epsilon isoforms, and that schistosome proteins 1 and 2 are among the oldest non-epsilon 14-3-3 proteins yet identified. @entity380 @entity35795 -1, @entity35795 -2, and protein 1 are stage specifically expressed in a similar manner, being absent in cercariae and schistosomula, and abundant in lung stage and adult male and female worms. Protein 2 transcript was not detected at any of the life cycle stages examined. All three detected 14-3-3 isoforms elicit an immune response during infection, with the greatest response directed against protein 1. Binding studies with @entity383 receptor kinase-1 (SmRK1) and @entity1 Raf kinase revealed that the three @entity35795 isoforms exhibit a preference for target protein binding. Although all three isoforms do bind to both targets, 14-3-3 protein 1 interacts most strongly with Raf, whereas the 14-3-3-1 isoform binds SmRK1 preferentially. These results suggest that the individual 14-3-3 proteins may have evolved to play isoform-specific roles in the development and survival of @entity383 within its host.

title: 14-3-3 proteins in XXXX ; identification of a second epsilon isoform.

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Refractory chylothorax is a severe clinical issue, particularly in neonates. Conventional primary approach is based on diet with medium-chain @entity1718 and/or total parenteral nutrition. In nonresponders, proposed second line treatments include chemical or surgical pleurodesis, thoracic duct ligation, pleuroperitoneal shunting and pleurectomy but none of these have been shown to be superior to other in terms of resolution rate and safety. Our aim is to report our experience on @entity4279 use for chemical pleurodesis in newborn @entity1 with chylothorax unresponsive to conservative treatment. Our aim is to report our experience on @entity4279 use for chemical pleurodesis in newborn @entity1 with chylothorax unresponsive to conservative treatment. METHODS: Since 2013, @entity4279 pleurodesis was attempted in all @entity1 with persistent chylothorax who failed conservative treatment (no response to at least 10days of total parenteral nutrition and maximum dosage of intravenous @entity2390 ). Pleurodesis consisted in the injection of 2ml/kg of a 4% @entity4279 solution inside the pleural space, leaving the pleural tube clamped for the subsequent 4hours. RESULTS: Five @entity1 were treated with chemical pleurodesis of persistent chylothorax. Four of 5 @entity1 had their @entity1143 treated by one single @entity4279 infusion. Median time for resolution was 4days. A @entity1 with massive superior vena cava @entity715 did not benefit from pleurodesis. None of the @entity1 experienced long term side effects of the treatment. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity4279 pleurodesis may be considered a safe and effective option to treat refractory chylothorax in newborns.

title: Pleurodesis with XXXX for refractory chylothorax in newborns: Personal experience and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity4279 :: (MESH:D011206,Chemical) :: ['povidone-iodine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is characterized by malignant proliferation of plasma cells (PC) which accumulate in the bone marrow (BM). The advent of new drugs has changed the course of the disease from incurable to treatable, but most @entity1 eventually relapse. One group of @entity1582 @entity1 (10-15%) is considered high-risk because they relapse within 24 months. Recently, extramedullary relapse of @entity1582 (EM) has been observed more frequently. Due to its aggressivity and shorter survival, EM is also considered high-risk. AIMS: The goal of this study was to determine if the so-called high-risk genes published by the University of Arkansas group (UAMS) are even more deregulated in EM @entity1 than in high-risk @entity1582 @entity1 and if these @entity1 may be considered high-risk. METHODS: Nine samples of bone marrow plasma cells from @entity1582 @entity1 as well as 9 @entity5 and 9 bone marrow plasma cells from EM @entity1 were used. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for evaluation of expression of 15 genes connected to the high-risk signature of @entity1582 @entity1 . RESULTS: Comparison of high-risk plasma cells vs extramedullary plasma cells revealed 4 significantly deregulated genes ( @entity20125 , @entity44498 , @entity58710 , @entity28333 ); moreover, comparison of extramedullary plasma cells vs extramedullary @entity5 revealed significant differences in 9 out of 15 genes. Of these, 6 showed significant changes as described by the UAMS group ( @entity22985 , @entity7177 , @entity58710 , @entity38311 , @entity57871 and @entity58711 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that increasing @entity74 as described by the gene expression data are associated with increased risk for EM relapse.

title: Extramedullary relapse of XXXX defined as the highest risk group based on deregulated gene expression data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To understand reasons for lost-to-follow-up (LTFU) from a community-based antiretroviral therapy program in Uganda. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort of @entity1 LTFU between May 31, 2001, to May 31, 2010, was examined. A representative sample of 579 @entity1 traced to ascertain their outcomes. METHODS: Mixed methods were used. Using "stopped care" as the hazard and "self-transferred" as the comparator, we examined using Cox proportional multivariable model risk factors for stopping care. RESULTS: Overall, 2933 of 3954 (74.0%) @entity1 were LTFU. Of 579 of 2933 (19%) @entity1 sampled for tracing, 32 (5.5%) were untraceable, 66(11.4 %) were dead, and 481 (83.0%) found alive. Of those found alive, 232 (40.0%) stopped care, 249 (43.0%) self-transferred, whereas 61 (12.7%) returned to care at Reach Out Mbuya @entity645 / @entity791 Initiative. In adjusted hazards ratios, born-again religion, originating from outside Kampala, resident in Kampala for <5 years but >1 year, having school-age @entity1 who were out of school, non- @entity645 disclosure, @entity404 counts >250 cells per cubic millimeter and pre-antiretroviral therapy were associated with increased risk of stopping care. Qualitative interviews revealed return to a normal life as a key reason for LTFU. Of 61 @entity1 who returned to care, their median @entity404 count at LTFU was higher than on return into care (401/mm   vs. 205/mm  , P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 become LTFU during the course of years, necessitating the need for effective mechanisms to identify those in need of close monitoring. Efforts should be made to improve referrals and mechanisms to track @entity1 who transfer to different facilities. Additionally, tracing of @entity1 who become LTFU is required to convince them to return.

title: Return to normal life after XXXX as a reason for lost to follow-up in a community-based antiretroviral treatment program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite their favorable prognosis, 10-20% of @entity2799 ( @entity2799 ) @entity1 relapse. Reinduction therapy is often followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT). @entity4447 ( @entity4448 ) has become part of standard reinduction and is often followed by auto-HCT. Data on @entity1 in @entity10911 were collected from two large transplant registries (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) and European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplant (EBMT)) and two specialty referral centers. The outcome of @entity1 in @entity10911 who received only @entity4448 -based therapy as reinduction was retrospectively compared with those who got an auto-HCT, with or without @entity4448 . Prognostic factors included age, disease risk, extramedullary disease and duration of @entity3432 . Of 207 evaluable @entity1 , the median age was 31.5 years, 15.3% had extramedullary disease and median WBC at diagnosis was 4.8 * 10(9)/L. Sixty-seven @entity1 received @entity4448 alone and 140 underwent auto-HCT. The groups were comparable for age, gender, extramedullary disease, risk group and duration of @entity3432 . At 5 years, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 42% and 78% for the @entity4448 -only and auto-HCT groups, respectively (P<0.001). In addition, @entity1349 was associated with longer duration of @entity3432 (P=0.002), but not with disease risk at diagnosis. These data suggest that auto-HCT for @entity2799 @entity1 in @entity10911 results in better @entity1349 than @entity4448 -based therapy alone.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 18 April 2016; doi:10.1038/bmt.2016.96.

title: Autologous transplant remains the preferred therapy for relapsed @entity2799 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity10911 :: (1380,Gene) :: ['CR2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Most Americans see dentists at least once a year. Chair-side screening and referral may improve diagnosis of @entity5710 and @entity6 . In this study, we developed a multivariate model to screen for dysglycemia ( @entity5710 and @entity6 defined as HbA1c >= 5.7 percent) using information readily available to dentists and assessed the prevalence of dysglycemia in general dental practices. METHODS: We recruited 1,033 adults >= 30 years of age without histories of @entity6 from 13 general dental practices. A sample of 181 @entity1 selected on the basis of random capillary @entity413 levels and periodontal status underwent definitive diagnostic testing with hemoglobin A1c. Logistic models were fit to identify risk factors for dysglycemia, and sample weights were applied to estimate the prevalence of dysglycemia in the population >= 30 years of age. RESULTS: Individuals at high risk for dysglycemia could be identified using a questionnaire that assessed sex, history of @entity101 , history of @entity2299 , history of lost teeth, and either self-reported body mass index >= 35   kg/m(2) (severe @entity28 ) or random capillary @entity413 >= 110   mg/dl. We estimate that 30 percent of @entity1 >= 30 years of age seen in these general dental practices had dysglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: There is a substantial burden of dysglycemia in @entity1 seen in general dental practices. Simple chair-side screening for dysglycemia that includes or does not include fingerstick random capillary @entity413 testing can be used to rapidly identify high-risk @entity1 . PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Further studies are needed to demonstrate the acceptability, feasibility, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of chair-side screening.

title: Screening for XXXX and type 2 @entity6 in dental offices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['prediabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the functional recovery in @entity1 with severe transient peripheral @entity3541 ( @entity4401 ). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective controlled trial. SETTING: Academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blink recovery was studied in 2 groups of severely affected @entity4401 @entity1 during a follow-up period of 84 weeks. The @entity1 in one group received @entity617 within the first week after the onset of symptoms. No medication was given to the other group. A control group of healthy subjects was also included. Simultaneous orbicularis oculi muscle activity and eyelid kinematics were recorded by surface electromyographic (EMG) recording and eyelid search coils, respectively. RESULTS: At the beginning of the @entity912 , very little integrated orbicularis oculi muscle activity and eyelid movement was measured at the palsied side of the face. Thirteen weeks later, the integrated orbicularis oculi EMG and functional blink recovery gradually improved until 39 weeks. Beyond, only the integrated orbicularis oculi EMG slightly increased. At 84 weeks, the integrated orbicularis oculi EMG was significantly larger in the @entity617 group compared with the control group. The integrated EMG of the nonmedicated group recovered to normal values. Curiously enough, the functional blink recovery at the palsied side remained reduced to 64% compared with the healthy controls in the @entity617 -treated group and to 36% in the nonmedicated group. CONCLUSION: The authors demonstrate that @entity617 significantly increased the orbicularis oculi muscle activity and significantly improved functional blink recovery in severely affected @entity4401 @entity1 . However, the increase of muscle activity was insufficient to restore functional blinking to normal values.

title: Long-term effect of XXXX on functional blink recovery after transient peripheral @entity3541 .

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ['Bell palsy']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial motor paralysis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: The heat-acclimated @entity22036 is thought to use cutaneous water evaporation (CWE) as the 'preferred' route for heat dissipation, and this mechanism is controlled by adrenergic signaling. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that adjustments in skin blood flow are a crucial component of this adaptation. Skin blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and by ultrasonic flowmetry in heat-acclimated (HAc) and non-acclimated (NAc) pigeons. Skin blood flow, CWE and rectal and skin temperatures were measured under heat exposure (T(a)=50 degrees C) or following @entity1169 (1.3 mg kg(-1)) or @entity1338 (80 microg kg(-1)) administration. Using laser Doppler flowmetry, we found a significant increase (1.3-fold) in skin blood flow in the dorsal skin of HAc pigeons following @entity1169 administration. In contrast, a significant decrease (0.7-fold) was observed in NAc birds. Injection of @entity1338 resulted in a significant decrease in skin blood flow in both HAc and NAc pigeons (0.4- and 0.5-fold, respectively). Heat exposure increased blood perfusion in both groups (2.5- and 1.8-fold, respectively). Using ultrasonic flowmetry, we showed that both @entity1169 and @entity1338 increase the arterial blood flow (Q(a)) in HAc pigeons, while venous blood flow (Q(v)) decreases. In contrast, no significant changes were found in NAc pigeons. As shown by the effect of @entity1338 , augmentation of skin blood flow is not a prerequisite for CWE, but normally coincides with a greater difference in arterial-venous pressure. Possible regulatory mechanisms are discussed.

title: Cutaneous blood flow in the pigeon XXXX : its possible relevance to cutaneous water evaporation.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propanolol', 'propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity22036 :: (8932,Species) :: ['Columba livia']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effect of temperature, pH and @entity9734 on growth and @entity653 production improvement by @entity375 mc2 , @entity37105 mF and @entity26412 X2 L using the response surface method (RSM). METHODS AND RESULTS: Multifactorial design of cultures with physicochemical factors variations was performed. The micro-organisms grew in all cultures conditions. Overall, after 6  days @entity375 prevailed, especially @entity375 (10(9)   CFU  ml(-1) ), while @entity26412 reached 10(7)   CFU  ml(-1) . At initial fixed pH 5  5, metabolic behaviour of cultures showed a temperature-dependent response. @entity1907 occurred at 26  C, 50  mg  l(-1) @entity9734 . @entity413 and pentoses utilization was highly modified when varying @entity9734 . @entity1068 showed negative interaction with temperature- @entity9734 relationship. At low @entity9734 , @entity653 and @entity598 production increased when temperature enhanced. Predictive results of RSM indicate that 26  C, 60  24  mg  l(-1) @entity9734 and pH 5  5 were the optimal conditions for @entity653 and organic acids synthesis compatible with wine quality. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a predictive condition to improve the performance of mixed cultures for must fermentations. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: To optimize the culture conditions to design mixed starters containing autochthonous @entity375 and @entity26412 strains for winemaking and to obtain products with high @entity653 content, low acidity and maintenance of regional characteristics.

title: Effect of physicochemical factors on XXXX production by simultaneous cultures of wine micro-organisms using the response surface method.

entities_list: @entity26412 :: ('1247', 'Species') :: ['Oenococcus oeni', 'O.  oeni']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity37105 :: ('29833', 'Species') :: ['Kloeckera apiculata']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['S.  cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'yeasts']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['Total malate consumption']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: Ninety-one small differentiated @entity259 less than 10 mm in size treated during the last 33 years were subjected to clinical study. In 44 of the 91 cases, @entity5 was found incidentally at surgery, while in the remaining 47 a thyroid mass was palpable before operation. A preoperative diagnosis of @entity189 could not be made in nodules less than 5 mm in size. Ultrasonographic examination is now extending the limits of exact diagnosis. @entity3 was found in 16 of 33 @entity1 who had lymph nodes dissected. Metastatic lymph nodes were distributed in the same sites as those with @entity259 larger than 10 mm. Pathologic examination was carried out in 108 small @entity189 including cases from an affiliated hospital. Histologically, all of them were @entity1377 . The growth pattern of the @entity5 was divided into 5 groups: 23 were nonencapsulated sclerosing type, 29 encapsulated type without capsule invasion, 48 encapsulated type with capsule invasion, 4 the infiltrative type, and 4 the round type. Lymph node @entity3 and intraglandular dissemination were found most frequently in the infiltrative type, followed by the encapsulated type with invasion. The results suggest the necessity of lymph node dissection and lobectomy for @entity1 with these histological types of small @entity189 who had only local removal of the @entity5 .

title: Clinical and pathologic properties of small differentiated XXXX of the thyroid gland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary or follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: 1. We have used in vivo microdialysis in anaesthetized @entity35 to investigate whether levels of striatal @entity1943 (SRIF) can be increased in response to application of the ionotropic @entity2227 receptor agonists @entity140 and @entity143 . 2. Application of both @entity140 and @entity143 (10, 50, 100 and 500 microM) for 20 min periods produced concentration-dependent increases in the extracellular levels of SRIF. A 500 microM dose of each compound was shown to be the most potent concentration tested, increasing levels of SRIF by 32 fold ( @entity143 ) and 35 fold ( @entity140 ). At lower concentrations (10 microM) @entity143 failed to evoke significant amounts of SRIF while @entity140 increased levels of the peptide 2.3 fold. 3. Application of the respective receptor antagonists APV ( @entity143 receptor) and DNQX ( @entity140 receptor) abolished the abilities of the agonists to evoke release of SRIF. Interestingly @entity10639 abolished the ability of @entity143 to evoke release of the peptide as well. 4. The ability of both @entity140 and @entity143 to evoke increases in the levels of extracellular SRIF further illustrates the reciprocal relationship that exists between SRIF and @entity2227 in the striatum which impacts particularly on dopaminergic functioning in this region.

title: @entity1943 release by @entity2227 in vivo is primarily regulated by XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pelvic lymph node count is associated with patterns of recurrence or survival in @entity1 with FIGO stage I and II @entity1204 . METHODS: Single institution retrospective study of 467 @entity1 with FIGO stage I and II @entity1204 treated with primary surgery including lymph node dissection. Analysis included pelvic lymph node count, histology, stage, age, race, BMI, year of surgery, depth of @entity3 , and adjuvant radiation. Kaplan-Meier life-tables were used to calculate survival; the Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify prognostic factors independently associated with survival. RESULTS: Mean pelvic lymph node count was 12.6 (SD +/- 8). Distant recurrence was associated with decreased pelvic lymph node count, high-risk histology, and postoperative pelvic radiation. Pelvic lymph node count was not associated with survival by univariate analysis, however, overall ( @entity3012 ) and progression-free ( @entity1349 ) survival were significantly better with pelvic lymph node counts >or=12 among @entity1 with high-risk histology (P < 0.001), but not among @entity1 with low-risk histology. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression identified increasing age, non-Caucasian race, and high-risk histology as independent negative prognostic factors for both @entity3012 and PFI. Among @entity1 with high-risk histology, pelvic lymph node count remained an independent prognostic factor for both overall ( @entity3012 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in the model, with hazard ratios of 0.28 and 0.29, respectively, when >or=12 pelvic lymph nodes were identified. Pelvic lymph node count had no association with @entity3012 or @entity1349 in @entity1 with low-risk histology. CONCLUSION: Pelvic lymph node count >or=12 is an important prognostic variable in @entity1 with FIGO stage I and II @entity1204 who have high-risk histology. Most likely, the association of survival and lymph node count in this group is the result of improved staging among @entity1 with higher pelvic lymph node counts.

title: Pelvic lymph node count is an important prognostic variable for FIGO stage I and II XXXX with high-risk histology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['PFS', 'progression-free survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Most newborn mammals, including @entity1 , are susceptible to @entity4053 shortly after birth, especially if fasted. Glycogenolysis provides short term benefit, but gluconeogenesis is required for @entity413 homeostasis at this stage of development. A functional @entity1636 is essential for @entity413 homeostasis in adults, but little is known of the importance of this endocrine axis in this regard during the neonatal period. The neonatal @entity35 is an excellent model for study of both @entity413 metabolism and the HPA, and shares many similarities with other mammals. For the first 2 weeks of postnatal life, the @entity35 HPA appears to be relatively unresponsive to stress, however, which would seem maladaptive during the critical first 24 h. The present study examined the ability of day-old @entity35 to respond to @entity4053 with activation of the HPA system. Each of three doses of insulin resulted in @entity4053 ( @entity413 , less than 40 mg/dl), with the greatest decrease in @entity413 120 min after an insulin dose of 2.5 U/kg BW. At this dose, plasma @entity2819 was increased to levels comparable to those observed in adults. The @entity134 response was associated with a small but significant increase in ACTH, and both endocrine responses were delayed compared to those in adults. There was no difference in adrenal response time to ACTH in incubations of adrenal cells isolated from day-old or adult @entity35 , however. The stimulatory effect of insulin was progressively diminished in older animals (2-6 days postnatal). Insulin had no direct effect on adrenal steroidogenesis either alone or in combination with ACTH when tested on dispersed cells in vitro. We conclude that 1) the adrenal gland is very sensitive to the stress of @entity4053 for 1 day after birth, but rapidly declines in activity over the first 6 days of life; 2) the response time of the @entity1636 to @entity4053 stress is delayed in day-old @entity35 , and this delay occurs above the level of the adrenal; and 3) there may be factors in addition to ACTH that promote steroidogenesis on the first postnatal day, or there may be bioactive or immunoreactive differences in the ACTH molecule during this time.

title: Activation of the @entity1636 in day-old XXXX by insulin-induced @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate utilization of 90-day-supply prescriptions of @entity1770 . STUDY DESIGN: One year (April 1, 2011, to March 31, 2012) retrospective cohort study from the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System. METHODS: The primary outcome was to determine the difference in adherence for new starts versus continuing users on @entity1770 , as determined by medication possession ratio (MPR). Secondary outcomes included odds of adherence and refilling at least once associated with being a new start. Adherence was defined as MPR >=  0.8. Separate regression models (linear and logistic) were run for the entire population, as well as a subgroup analysis of 90-day prescription @entity1 only. RESULTS: A total of 749 @entity1 , 328 of whom were new starts, were included in the analysis. Both new starts (41.2%) and continuing users (69.1%) had a large portion who received 90-day supplies. New-start @entity1 had significantly lower MPR than continuing users (-0.13; 95% CI, -0.18 to -0.08). Logistic regressions showed that new starts also had lower odds of adherence (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.33-0.65) and of refilling at least once (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28-0.66) compared with continuing users. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who were continuing users of @entity1770 were more likely to be adherent and refill their medication. Overutilization of 90-day supplies of high-cost agents, particularly in new starts, may lead to waste. It is recommended that @entity1 newly started on high-cost agents should initially be provided a 30-day-supply prescription until it is established that effectiveness and tolerance have been achieved.

title: New start versus continuing users on XXXX : implications for policy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

answer: @entity1770 :: (MESH:C094645,Chemical) :: ['aripiprazole']


abstract: Background: Breastfed @entity1 rely on maternal @entity1496 for thyroid hormone production required for neurodevelopment. Dietary @entity1496 among @entity1 of childbearing age in the United States may be insufficient. @entity13756 (competitive inhibitor of the @entity1372 / @entity6893 symporter [NIS]) exposure is ubiquitous. @entity8875 , from cigarettes and diet, is a weaker NIS inhibitor. Environmental @entity13756 and @entity8875 exposures could decrease breastmilk @entity1496 by competitively inhibiting NIS in lactating breasts (thus impairing @entity1 ' @entity1496 availability) and/or @entity1 ' thyroidal NIS to directly decrease @entity1 thyroid function. The current study assessed the relationships between environmental @entity13756 and @entity8875 exposures and infant serum thyroid function. Methods: @entity1496 , @entity13756 , and @entity8875 in breastmilk, maternal and @entity1 urine, and infant serum thyroid function were cross-sectionally measured in Boston-area @entity1 and their 1-3 month-old breastfed @entity1 . Univariate and multivariable analyses assessed relationships between @entity1496 , @entity13756 , @entity8875 , TSH, and FT4 levels. Results: In 64 mothers and @entity1 , median (range) @entity1496 levels were 45.6   g/L (4.3-1,080) in breastmilk, 101.9   g/L (27-570) in maternal urine, and 197.5   g/L (40-785) in @entity1 urine. Median @entity13756 concentrations were 4.4   g/L (0.5-29.5) in breastmilk, 3.1   g/L (0.2-22.4) in maternal urine, and 4.7   g/L (0.3-25.3) in @entity1 urine. There were no correlations between @entity1 TSH or FT4 and @entity1496 , @entity13756 , and @entity8875 levels in breastmilk, maternal urine, and @entity1 urine. In multivariable analyses, @entity13756 and @entity8875 levels in breastmilk, maternal urine, and @entity1 urine were not significant predictors of @entity1 TSH or FT4. Conclusions: Boston-area mothers and their breastfed @entity1 are generally @entity1496 -sufficient. Although environmental @entity13756 and @entity8875 are ubiquitous, these results do not support the concern that maternal and @entity1 environmental @entity13756 and @entity8875 exposures affect @entity1 thyroid function.

title: Environmental XXXX and @entity8875 Exposures and Infant Serum Thyroid Function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine', 'Iodine']

entities_list: @entity8875 :: ('MESH:C031760', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiocyanate', 'thiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity13756 :: ('MESH:C494474', 'Chemical') :: ['perchlorate', 'Perchlorate']

answer: @entity13756 :: (MESH:C494474,Chemical) :: ['Perchlorate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Adequate treatment of oral and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is dependent on correctly predicting the presence of lymph node @entity3 . Current methods to diagnose nodal @entity3 partly result in overtreatment with associated morbidity and undertreatment with decreased disease-free survival. @entity5962 has been studied extensively as potential marker for lymph node @entity3 . @entity5960 and @entity17291 have a functional relationship with @entity5962 , forming a complex that promotes tumourigenicity in vitro. We hypothesize that the co-expression patterns of these related molecules is a better prognostic marker for nodal status and regional recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We constructed separate tissue microarrays of @entity5 centre and @entity5 invasive front of 227 @entity957 with complete clinicopathological and follow-up data, including HPV status, and performed immunohistochemistry for these molecules. RESULTS: Lack of @entity5962 and presence of cytoplasmic @entity5960 expression in the @entity5 front were predictive for nodal @entity3 , but no co-expression pattern was found clinically relevant. Lack of @entity17291 in the @entity5 centre was highly and independently predictive for shorter regional disease-free survival (HR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.06-0.62) and disease-specific survival (HR=0.43; 95%CI: 0.21-0.87). High-risk HPV was not associated with any marker. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity5962 and @entity5960 , depending on the specific @entity5 sublocalization, is predictive for nodal status. However, co-expression did not improve the prediction of nodal status, indicating that the proposed in vitro complex is not functional in clinical samples. Additionally, lack of @entity17291 expression in the @entity5 centre may be used to identify @entity1 with increased risk for regional recurrence.

title: Lack of @entity17291 is a strong predictor of regional recurrence in oral and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is a pathological response to trauma characterized by frequent recollections, recurrent nightmares, and flashbacks of the traumatic event(s). To date, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of @entity1005 remain unknown. Several studies have suggested that antiepileptic drugs, such as @entity2682 and @entity2812 , may be effective in the treatment of @entity1005 symptoms. We report on a 15-year-old Japanese female junior high school student who developed @entity1005 symptoms following repeated teasing from male classmates. Additionally, we underscore the beneficial effects of treatment with @entity2682 and @entity2812 on flashbacks and nightmares. This @entity1 developed @entity1005 symptoms after repeated teasing from male classmates at school. Her flashbacks and nightmares were treated with a combination of @entity2682 and @entity2812 . After recovery, treatment with @entity2812 alone controlled her symptoms. Our observations suggest that a process of sensitization may be involved in the development of @entity1005 symptoms. Additionally, @entity2682 and/or @entity2812 were effective in the treatment of flashbacks and nightmares in this @entity1 . Thus, doctors should consider using these anti- @entity302 drugs as an alternative approach to treating @entity1005 symptoms.

title: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in a Female @entity1 Following Repeated Teasing: Treatment with @entity2682 and XXXX and the Possible Role of Sensitization.

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['Lamotrigine']


abstract: AIMS: The objective of this study was to assess the relative bioavailability of @entity26591 (active metabolite) following oral administration of the market suspension, the clinical trial suspension and the market capsule formulations of @entity684 (prodrug) in healthy subjects. METHODS: In this single-center, open-label, three-period crossover study, 24 healthy adult volunteers were randomized to receive one dose (150 mg @entity684 ) of each of the three formulations (market suspension, clinical trial suspension, market capsule formulation), with a 7-day washout period between each administration. Blood samples, collected for up to 48 h post-dosing, were analyzed for plasma @entity684 and @entity26591 . Adverse events were monitored. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic parameters for @entity684 and @entity26591 were similar for the three formulations. Bioequivalence for @entity26591 was demonstrated between the market capsule and the two suspensions: 90% confidence intervals for the log-transformed Cmax, AUClast and AUCinf ratios fell within the 80 - 125% criteria. Similarly, the two suspensions were also demonstrated as bioequivalent for @entity26591 . @entity684 was well tolerated. The majority of adverse events observed were mild in intensity, with the most common being @entity390 and @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the market suspension, the clinical trial suspension and the market capsule formulations of @entity684 are bioequivalent for the active metabolite, @entity26591 . Based on this finding, the market suspension may be used to achieve comparable exposure in @entity1 unable to take capsules.

title: XXXX oral suspension and capsules are bioequivalent for the active metabolite in healthy adult volunteers.

entities_list: @entity26591 :: ('MESH:C535162', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir carboxylate']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['Oseltamivir', 'oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity684 :: (MESH:D053139,Chemical) :: ['Oseltamivir']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytoreductive therapy, with or without low-dose @entity117 , is the mainstay of @entity715 risk reduction in @entity1 with @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ), but the optimal choice of agent remains unclear. The aim of this study was to meta-analyze currently available data comparing @entity18829 to @entity1862 for reduction of rates of @entity715 , @entity548 and @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity4407 . A literature search for randomized, controlled trials comparing @entity18829 to @entity1862 among @entity1 with @entity4407 revealed two published studies. Statistical analysis was performed using fixed effects meta-analysis. Rates of @entity715 were similar between @entity1 treated with @entity1862 vs @entity18829 (RR 0.86, 95  % CI 0.64-1.16). Rates of major @entity548 were lower in @entity1 treated with @entity1862 (RR 0.37, 95  % CI 0.18-0.75). Rates of progression to @entity3052 were not statistically different ( @entity4736 .50, 95  % CI 0.43-5.29). The composite of @entity715 , major @entity548 and @entity204 favored @entity1862 (RR 0.78, 95  % CI 0.63-0.97). In conclusion, our analysis supports use of @entity1862 as a first-line cytoreductive agent for @entity1 with @entity4407 , based largely on decreased rates of major @entity548 . @entity18829 appears to be equally effective for protection against @entity715 events and may be an appropriate alternative for @entity1 who are intolerant of @entity1862 .

title: @entity18829 compared with @entity1862 in XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'essential thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity18829 :: ('MESH:C021139', 'Chemical') :: ['Anagrelide', 'anagrelide']

answer: @entity4407 :: (MESH:D013920,Disease) :: ['essential thrombocythemia']


abstract: The most appropriate way to manage GH replacement in the transition period to adulthood in @entity1 treated with GH for @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) is controversial. The @entity2124 Research Society suggests that the retesting of GH status at final height (FH) is unnecessary in the presence of severe @entity2338 , and cranial irradiation falls into this etiological category. This recommendation has never been validated. To investigate whether @entity1 diagnosed in childhood as @entity2338 secondary to irradiation require retesting after FH, GH status has been reassessed in a large cohort of irradiated @entity1 treated with GH during childhood. Seventy-three @entity1 underwent biochemical assessment of GH status after irradiation and again at FH after GH therapy had been discontinued; 66 and 67 of the 73 @entity1 underwent two provocative tests at the two time points, respectively. The characteristics of the cohort include a median age at irradiation of 5 yr (range, 1-11 yr), a median biological effective dose (BED) of irradiation to the @entity1640 pituitary axis of 54 Gy (range, 23-82 Gy), and a median time of GH status reassessment after FH of 0.4 yr (range, 0-8.4 yr). During childhood, @entity1 with all degrees of @entity2338 (peak GH responses to provocative test < 6.7 ng/ml) are treated, whereas in adulthood, only @entity1 with severe @entity2338 (peak GH responses to provocative test < 3 ng/ml) are considered for GH replacement. GH status has been grouped as follows: group 1, peak GH less than 3 ng/ml to both tests (severe @entity2338 ); group 2, one test with a peak GH less than 3 ng/ml and the other test with a peak of 3 ng/ml or greater; group 3, peak GH of 3-6.7 ng/ml to both tests; group 4, one test with a peak GH of 3-6.7 ng/ml and the other test with a peak of more than 6.7 ng/ml; and group 5, peak GH more than 6.7 ng/ml to both tests (normal GH status). In childhood, the number of @entity1 in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 33, 22, 17, and one, respectively. At retesting, severe @entity2338 was diagnosed in 21 (64%) of 33 @entity1 who were diagnosed in childhood with severe @entity2338 (group 1) and 17 (44%) of 39 @entity1 who were diagnosed in childhood with moderate @entity2338 (groups 2 and 3). In total, 35 (48%) of 73 @entity1 in the whole cohort and 12 (36%) of 33 @entity1 with severe @entity2338 in childhood did not fulfill the severe @entity2338 biochemical criteria for GH replacement in adulthood. Using multiple linear regression, GH status at retesting is predicted by BED, age at irradiation, and use of chemotherapy. In conclusion, the diagnosis of severe @entity2338 in childhood secondary to irradiation should not be taken as irrefutable evidence of permanent severe @entity2338 , and our recommendation is that retesting of GH status at FH should be mandatory.

title: Reassessment of @entity2124 status is required at final height in XXXX treated with @entity2124 replacement after radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['organic GHD', 'GH deficiency', 'GHD']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity6 accelerates saphenous vein grafts @entity730 after years of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) undergoing a phenotypic switch to osteoblast-like cells play a key role in this process. The receptor for advanced glycation and products ( @entity5764 ) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are all involved in various cardiovascular @entity730 processes. Therefore, the role of their common ligand, @entity518 ( @entity518 ), in high- @entity413 -induced @entity730 in VSMC of saphenous vein was investigated. In this study, VSMC were cultured from saphenous vein of @entity1 arranged for CABG. We first demonstrated high- @entity413 -induced @entity518 translocation from nucleus to cytosol, and this translocation was induced through a @entity1110 oxidase and PKC-dependent pathway. We next found high @entity413 also increased @entity2938 , @entity2939 , and @entity5764 expression. Then, we revealed downregulating @entity518 expression abolished high- @entity413 -induced @entity730 accompanied by NFkB inactivation and low expression of @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ). We further demonstrated NFkB activation was necessary in high- @entity413 -induced @entity1841 expression and @entity730 . Finally, by using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated NFkB transcriptional regulation of @entity1841 promoter was induced by NFkB binding to its kB element on the @entity1841 promoter. Our findings thus suggest @entity518 plays an important role in mediating the @entity730 process induced by high @entity413 through NFkB activation and @entity1841 expression in VSMC of saphenous vein.

title: @entity518 ( XXXX ) mediates high- @entity413 -induced @entity730 in vascular smooth muscle cells of saphenous veins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity518 :: ('3146', 'Gene') :: ['HMGB1', 'high mobility group box 1']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP-2', 'bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity518 :: (3146,Gene) :: ['HMGB1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine satisfaction with the quality of the doctor- @entity1 relationship (QCD) and the information (INF) made available, as well as the influence of different treatment modalities and psychosocial variables in @entity5 survivors (TCSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-hundred and 6 TCSs, seen at 2 Norwegian university hospitals, were studied retrospectively and currently in a cross-sectional follow-up design. Questionnaires were filled in prior to and at the @entity1 ' follow-up examination. The mean length of time since their management period had ended was 6.5 years (range 0-17 years). RESULTS: The QCD was rated higher than the INF. The QCD was also the strongest contributor to the variance in the INF. The @entity1 in the surveillance group had the lowest QCD. CONCLUSION: The relatively high QCD scores may reflect the fact that the @entity1 had been cured from a life-threatening disease. The low INF scores may indicate that the TCSs were poorly informed about the potential health problems related to their treatment. Thus, it is suggested that more attention should be focused on the education of the @entity1 .

title: Management satisfaction in survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biological models are used to relate the outcome of radiation therapy to dose distribution. As use of biological models in treatment planning expands, uncertainties associated with the use of specific models for predicting outcomes should be understood and quantified. In particular, the question to what extent model predictions are data-driven or dependent on the choice of the model has to be explored. METHODS: Four dose-response models--logistic, log-logistic, Poisson-based and probit--were tested for their ability and consistency in describing dose-response data for @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) and @entity989 (RIRP). Dose to the optic nerves was specified as the minimum dose, Dmin, received by any segment of the organ to which the damage was diagnosed by ophthalmologic evaluation. For @entity989 , the dose to the retina was specified as the highest isodose covering at least 1/3 of the retinal surface (D33%) that geometrically covered the observed @entity989 . Data on both complications were modeled separately for @entity1 treated once daily and twice daily. Model parameters D50 and y and corresponding confidence intervals were obtained using maximum-likelihood method. RESULTS: Model parameters were reasonably consistent for @entity1781 data for @entity1 treated once daily, D50 ranging from 94.2 to 104.7 Gy and y from 0.88 to 1.41. Similar consistency was seen for RIRP data which span a broad range of complication incidence, with D50 from 72.2 to 75.0 Gy and y from 1.51 to 2.16 for @entity1 treated twice daily; 72.2-74.0 Gy and 0.84-1.20 for @entity1 treated once daily. However, large variations were observed for @entity1781 in @entity1 treated twice daily, D50 from 96.3 to 125.2 Gy and y from 0.80 to 1.56. Complication incidence in this dataset in any dose group did not exceed 20%. CONCLUSIONS: For the considered data sets, the log-logistic model tends to lead to larger D50 and lower y compared to other models for all datasets. Statements regarding normal tissue radiosensitivity and steepness of dose-response, based on model parameters, should be made with caution as the latter are not only model-dependent but also sensitive to the range of complication incidence exhibited by clinical data.

title: A comparison of dose-response characteristics of four NTCP models using outcomes of @entity1781 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['RION', 'radiation-induced optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinal damage']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2173 is a relatively frequent genodermatosis in North Africa. It is characterized by abnormal sensitivity to ultraviolet light, responsible for the early occurrence of multiple cutaneous @entity5 . We present the results of the clinical and biological investigations in a family in which all its members exhibited @entity2173 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Since 1962, the father, mother, the 5 @entity1 and the maternal uncle were all followed-up in the dermatology department in Tunis for a variant of @entity2173 . Clinical (dermatological, neurological and ophthalmologic), biological, photobiological and molecular biology investigations were carried out. RESULTS: Diagnosis of a variant of @entity2173 was established on the delayed appearance (after the age of 4) of @entity2641 and the early onset of @entity189 , without @entity16 . Fifty-eight squamous cell and 3 @entity1491 were diagnosed and treated by surgical exeresis or radiotherapy. The third @entity1 , treated with etretinate for 6 years, had developed 38 @entity189 . Contrary to the parents, whose first @entity189 had appeared at the age of 34 and 40 years, the @entity5 in the @entity1 appeared early, between the ages of 17 and 24. The minimal erythematous dose was normal in all these @entity1 . Conversely, the phototest revealed persistent erythema and the delayed appearance of multiple @entity7063 cells. Molecular biology confirmed the diagnosis of @entity2173 with the presence of a low level DNA repair. The third @entity1 , the father and the uncle respectively exhibited DNA repair rates of 32, 57 and 72%, compared with normal controls. The results of the complementarity tests conducted in the third @entity1 suggested that this family belonged to the genetic F group. Discussion The clinical and molecular data confirmed the diagnosis of @entity2173 in this family and their genetic F group profile. However, this family exhibited clinical (the cutaneous involvement was more severe in the @entity1 ) and molecular heterogeneity and the level of DNA repair was high in comparison with the levels (between 12 and 15%) reported by Japanese authors in group F @entity2173 . The third @entity1 exhibited 10-fold more @entity189 that his siblings. This high rate of @entity189 may be explained by excessive exposure to sun and/or the @entity554 treatment, particularly since his DNA repair rate (32%) was relatively high compared with that of severe (0-5%) and moderate (5-15%) forms of the disease.

title: [A whole family affected by XXXX : clinical and genetic particularities].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous cancers', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity7063 :: ('MESH:D019871', 'Disease') :: ['dyskeratosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['multiple carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum', 'Xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity2641 :: ('MESH:D011038', 'Disease') :: ['poikiloderma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity2173 :: (MESH:D014983,Disease) :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']


abstract: Misincorporation of @entity2036 by @entity291 thymus DNA primase was examined using synthetic DNA templates of defined sequence. Primase seldom misincorporated NTPs during initiation of a new primer (i.e. polymerization of two NTPs to generate the dinucleotide). Following @entity2354 formation, however, primase readily misincorporated NTPs. Although the rate of misincorporation varied according to both the identity of the mismatch and the template sequence, primase is by far the least accurate @entity377 -polymerizing enzyme known. In some cases primase discriminated against incorrect NTPs by less than a factor of 100. After primase incorporated a noncognate @entity377 into the primer, the next correct NTP was readily added. Remarkably, primase could also polymerize consecutive noncognate @entity2036 and generate primers containing multiple mismatches. Generation of a correctly base-paired primer-template negatively regulated further primer synthesis; however, generation of a primer-template containing multiple mismatches did not. After primase synthesized a primer containing multiple mismatches, the primer was transferred to the polymerase alpha active site via an intramolecular mechanism. Importantly, polymerase alpha readily elongated this primer if dNTPs were present. These data are discussed with respect to the question of why primase is required for DNA replication.

title: Misincorporation of @entity2036 by XXXX thymus DNA primase and elongation of primers containing multiple noncognate @entity2036 by DNA polymerase alpha.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2354 :: ('CHEBI:47885', 'Chemical') :: ['dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: @entity3166 is the most common serious @entity344 encountered in neonatal intensive care units. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn, particularly in premature @entity1 . Consistent risk factors are birth weight and @entity3465 . @entity6582 and hyperviscosity altering blood flow and infectious agents are also implicated. Clinical findings include @entity1661 and @entity294 , and systemic symptoms such as @entity386 , @entity520 , and lethargy. @entity14515 can be demonstrated radiographically. Mucosal ulcerations, @entity548 , and @entity715 occur early, followed by inflammatory changes. Later still necrosis develops. @entity63 , @entity281 , and enteral feedings are suspected to be involved in the pathophysiology. @entity1813 , especially @entity2871 , platelet-activating factor, and @entity4443 are likely mediators.

title: XXXX . Inflammatory bowel disease of the newborn.

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['Polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity14515 :: ('MESH:D011006', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumatosis intestinalis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['Eicosanoids']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of @entity4677 as adjunctive therapy in @entity1 with localization-related @entity302 , and specifically in the subset of @entity1 for whom @entity302 surgery failed. METHODS: Eighty-two @entity1 with uncontrolled partial-onset @entity410 treated with @entity4677 were identified; @entity302 surgery had failed for 21 (25.6%; group I), and 61 (74.4%) had no prior surgery (group II). Group I and group II @entity1 were comparable in age (mean, 40.7 vs. 41.5 years) and age at @entity410 onset (mean, 14.4 vs. 18.2 years). @entity1 who had >/=50% reduction in @entity410 frequency were considered responders; the remaining @entity1 were considered nonresponders. RESULTS: In @entity1 (group I) for whom surgery had failed, responder rate was 76.1% (16 of 21), including 10 (47.6%) @entity1 who became @entity410 free. In nonsurgical @entity1 (group II), responder rate was 34.3% (21 of 61), including nine (14.7%) @entity1 who became @entity410 free. In group I, 11 (91.6%) of 12 temporal resection @entity1 were responders, of whom eight were @entity410 free; of the remaining nine operated (extratemporal) @entity1 , five (55.5%) were responders, and two were @entity410 free. In three responders, all in group I, a severe, delayed @entity716 developed 4 to 9 months after @entity4677 introduction, leading to its discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that adjunctive @entity4677 therapy should be considered early after failed @entity302 surgery, especially after temporal resection, and may have implications for its use before surgical intervention. @entity1 should be under close psychiatric observation in this clinical setting.

title: XXXX efficacy in refractory partial-onset @entity410 , especially after failed @entity302 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic syndrome']

answer: @entity4677 :: (MESH:C026098,Chemical) :: ['Levetiracetam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activated T helper (Th)-1 pulmonary @entity404 + cells and their mediators are essential for the @entity32 and granulomatous process in @entity370 . Recently, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) molecules were suggested to be important regulators of immune function. In this study, we wanted to investigate whether TIM molecules could play a role in @entity370 . METHODS: We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to investigate the differential gene expression of @entity31309 and @entity20500 as well as a few @entity1198 and Th2 cytokines ( @entity1199 , @entity379 , @entity3646 , @entity225 and @entity4047 ) in @entity404 + T cells isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of @entity1 (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 8). Using flow cytometry, we were also able to analyse @entity20500 protein expression in 10 @entity1 and 6 healthy controls. RESULTS: A decreased @entity20500 mRNA (p < 0.05) and protein (p < 0.05) expression was observed in @entity1 , and the level of @entity20500 mRNA correlated negatively with the @entity404 /CD8 T cell ratio in BALF cells of @entity1 . Compared to a distinct subgroup of @entity1 i.e. those with @entity244 , BALF @entity404 + T cells from non- L  fgren's @entity1 expressed decreased mRNA levels of @entity31309 (p < 0.05). mRNA expression of @entity1199 was increased in @entity1 (p < 0.01) and non-L  fgren's @entity1 expressed significantly higher levels of @entity379 mRNA (p < 0.05) versus @entity1 with @entity244 . CONCLUSION: These findings are the first data on the expression of @entity31309 and @entity20500 molecules in @entity370 . The reduced @entity20500 expression in the lungs of @entity1 may result in a defective T cell ability to control the @entity1198 immune response and could thus contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity370 . The down-regulated @entity31309 expression in non-L  fgren'spatients is in agreement with an exaggerated @entity1198 response in these @entity1 .

title: Altered expression of T cell immunoglobulin-mucin (TIM) molecules in bronchoalveolar lavage @entity404 + T cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["L  fgren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a multibillion-dollar industry. Almost half of the American population uses some form of CAM, with many using them in addition to prescription medications. Most @entity1 fail to inform their health care providers of their CAM use, and physicians rarely inquire. Annually, thousands of dietary supplement-induced adverse events are reported to Poison Control Centers nationwide. CAM manufacturers are not responsible for proving safety and efficacy, because the Food and Drug Administration does not regulate them. However, concern exists surrounding the safety of CAM. A literature search using MEDLINE and EMBASE was undertaken to explore the impact of CAM on renal function. English-language studies and case reports were selected for inclusion but were limited to those that consisted of @entity1 subjects, both adult and pediatric. This review provides details on dietary supplements that have been associated with @entity8 and focuses on 17 dietary supplements that have been associated with @entity8 , CAM-induced immune-mediated nephrotoxicity, @entity1790 , @entity5925 with @entity810 , and @entity3182 . It is concluded that it is imperative that use of dietary supplements be monitored closely in all @entity1 . Health care practitioners must take an active role in identifying @entity1 who are using CAM and provide appropriate @entity1 education.

title: A review of dietary supplement-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['direct renal injury', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8241 (BPA), released from plastics and dental sealants, is a suspected endocrine disruptor and reproductive toxicant. In occupationally exposed workers, BPA has been associated with @entity323 ( @entity323 ). AIMS: To determine whether long-term exposure to high doses of BPA in the rat affects serum levels of @entity251 (T) and @entity53 (E2), and induces corporal histopathology and resultant @entity323 . METHODS: Young @entity35 were injected intraperitoneal (IP) injection daily with BPA at 25 mg/kg/day or vehicle (n = 8/group). Erectile function was measured at 3 months by cavernosometry and electrical field stimulation (EFS). BPA was assayed in serum, urine, and penile tissue, and serum T and E2 were determined. Quantitative Masson trichrome, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling, Oil Red O, immunohistochemistry for calponin, a-smooth muscle actin, and Oct 4 were applied to penile tissue sections. Protein markers were assessed by Western blots and 2-D minigels, and RNA by DNA microarrays. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Erectile function, histological, and biochemical markers in corporal tissue. RESULTS: In the BPA-treated @entity35 , total and free BPA levels were increased in the serum, urine, and penile tissue while serum T and E2 levels were reduced. In addition, the corpora cavernosa demonstrated a reduction in smooth muscle (SM) content, SM/collagen ratio, together with an increase in myofibroblasts, fat deposits, and apoptosis, but no significant change in collagen content or stem cells (nuclear/perinuclear Oct 4). In the penile shaft, BPA induced a downregulation of Nanog (stem cells), neuronal @entity842 synthase (nitrergic terminals), and vascular endothelial growth factor (angiogenesis), with genes related to SM tone and cytoskeleton upregulated 5- to 50-fold, accompanied by changes in the multiple protein profile. However, both cavernosometry and EFS were unaltered by BPA. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity35 treated chronically with a high IP dose of BPA developed @entity6126 and a corporal histo- and molecular-pathology usually associated with @entity323 , no changes were detected in erectile function as measured by EFS and cavernosometry. Further studies using alternate routes of BPA administration with various doses and length of exposure are needed to expand these findings.

title: Chronic high dose intraperitoneal XXXX (BPA) induces substantial histological and gene expression alterations in @entity35 penile tissue without impairing erectile function.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity8241 :: ('MESH:C006780', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphenol A']

answer: @entity8241 :: (MESH:C006780,Chemical) :: ['bisphenol A']


abstract: Interactions between gastrointestinal signals are a part of integrated systems regulating food intake (FI). We investigated whether @entity8586 ( @entity20648 )-8 and @entity57177 systems potentiate each other to inhibit FI and gastric emptying (GE) in fasted @entity19 . @entity57177 1 and @entity57178 (1 microg/kg) were injected ip alone or with @entity20648 (3 microg/kg) in lean, diet-induced @entity28 (DIO) or corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-2 (CRF(2))-deficient @entity19 . Gastric vagal afferent activity was recorded from a @entity35 stomach-vagus in vitro preparation. When injected separately, @entity57177 1, @entity57178 , or @entity20648 did not modify the 4-h cumulative FI in lean @entity19 . However, @entity20648 plus @entity57177 1 or @entity20648 plus @entity57178 decreased significantly the 4-h FI by 39 and 27%, respectively, compared with the vehicle + vehicle group in lean @entity19 but not in DIO @entity19 . Likewise, @entity20648 - @entity57177 -1 delayed GE in lean but not DIO @entity19 , whereas either peptide injected alone at the same dose had no effect. @entity20648 - @entity57178 suppression of FI was observed in wild-type but not CRF(2)-deficient @entity19 . Gastric vagal afferent activity was increased by intragastric artery injection of @entity57178 after @entity20648 at a subthreshold dose, and the response was reversed by @entity10992 . These data establish a peripheral synergistic interaction between @entity20648 and @entity57177 1 or @entity57178 to suppress FI and GE through @entity19484 in lean @entity19 that may involve @entity20648 modulation of gastric vagal afferent responsiveness to @entity57178 . Such synergy is lost in DIO @entity19 , suggesting a resistance to the satiety signaling that may contribute to maintain @entity28 .

title: Urocortins and XXXX -8 act synergistically to increase satiation in lean but not @entity28 @entity19 : involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-2 pathway.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity10992 :: ('MESH:D020109', 'Chemical') :: ['devazepide']

answer: @entity8586 :: (MESH:D002766,Chemical) :: ['cholecystokinin']


abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the influence of functional capacity, coexisting @entity308 and socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education level, coexisting disease, employment and hobbies prior to @entity64 ) on the quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with @entity64 . Enrollment criteria included consent to participate, age under 70 years, no @entity717 or @entity146 disease prior to @entity64 , no @entity73 or @entity8408 preventing active participation in the study. Each @entity1 was seen on four occasions: at the day of discharge from hospital, after 3, 6 and 12 months from @entity64 . The first examination prior to discharge included analysis of the hospital record, assessment of the neurological status and functional capacity, and screening for @entity308 . Subsequent examinations included assessment of functional capacity, search for coexisting @entity308 and evaluation of QOL. Functional capacity was determined using the Repta 2 scale, @entity308 was diagnosed according to ICD 10 criteria and QOL was assessed with the London Handicap Scale. A total of 79 @entity1 appeared for all four examinations. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. It was found that functional capacity and quality of life steadily improve after @entity64 , particularly during the first 6 months. A positive correlation was disclosed between the functional capacity and QOL, indicating that the functional capacity exerts an influence on QOL. @entity308 was a frequent finding among @entity1 with @entity64 , exerting a negative effect on QOL. Higher QOL was observed among females and younger @entity1 , the role of gender and age being most noticeable in the second half of the first year after @entity64 . Furthermore, @entity1 returning to work and having a hobby demonstrate a higher quality of life.

title: [Effect of functional capacity, coexisting @entity308 and some socio-demographic factors on the quality of life in XXXX with ischemic cerebrovascular stroke].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic cerebrovascular stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['speech disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for the primary @entity5 and for groin node and distant @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity957 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between January 1959 and June 1988, 156 @entity1 with negative lymph nodes in the groin underwent @entity1161 of the primary @entity5 . @entity1161 was also administered to 120 @entity1 with lymph node involvement in the groin and to nine with distant @entity3 . RESULTS: Local control of the primary @entity5 was achieved in 65% of @entity1 with @entity1161 alone and in another 33% with salvage surgery. Lymph node recurrence in the groin was seen in 11% of @entity1 and the corrected 5-year disease-free survival was 87%. Pre-operative inguinal @entity1161 was useful in @entity1 with mobile lymph nodes > or = 4 cm in size in the groin, with only 8% of such lymphadenectomy specimens showing perinodal infiltration and only 3% of such @entity1 having post-operative groin recurrences. @entity1161 was ineffective in @entity1 with pelvic node @entity3 . @entity1161 resulted in amelioration of symptoms in 56% of @entity1 with fixed lymph nodes in the groin, all five @entity1 with @entity158 and one of two @entity1 with @entity1745 and @entity451 . CONCLUSION: Radiation therapy is ideal for @entity1 with T1 and T2 primary @entity5 of the penis. Pre-operative @entity1161 is useful for @entity1 with mobile lymph nodes > or = 4 cm in size in the groin. @entity1161 provides effective palliation in @entity1 with advanced regional disease and/or distant @entity3 .

title: Role of XXXX in the treatment of carcinoma of the penis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic and/or para-aortic RT', 'radiation therapy', 'Palliative RT', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the penis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful bony metastases']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: Blockade of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) function during 8 days of oral therapy with @entity3593 (20 mg/kg) and @entity9886 (10 mg/kg) normalized the arterial pressure (112+/-3/70+/-3 mm Hg) and raised the plasma concentrations of the vasodilator peptide angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] of 21 male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Treated animals were then given a 15-minute infusion of either @entity19 immunoglobulin G1 or a specific monoclonal Ang-(1-7) antibody while their blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously in the awake state. The concentrations of @entity1808 and Ang-(1-7) in arterial blood were determined by radioimmunoassay. Infusion of the Ang-(1-7) antibody caused significant elevations in mean arterial pressure that were sustained for the duration of the infusion and were accompanied by transient @entity1168 . Although the hemodynamic effects produced by infusion of the Ang-(1-7) antibody had no effect on plasma levels of @entity1808 , they caused a twofold rise in the plasma concentrations of Ang-(1-7). A pressor response of similar magnitude and characteristics was obtained in a separate group of SHR treated with the combination of @entity3593 and @entity9886 for 8 days during an infusion of [Sar1-Thr8] @entity1808 . The pressor response induced by the administration of this competitive, non-subtype-selective @entity1808 receptor blocker was not modified by pretreatment of the @entity35 with an @entity11082 ( @entity11082 ) receptor blocker ( @entity11083 ). Plasma concentrations of @entity1808 and Ang-(1-7) were not changed by the administration of [Sar1-Thr8] @entity1808 either in the absence or in the presence of @entity11083 pretreatment. These results are the first to indicate an important contribution of Ang-(1-7) in mediating the vasodilator effects caused by combined inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme and @entity1809 receptors. The comparable results obtained by administration of [Sar1-Thr8] @entity1808 suggest that the vasodepressor effects of Ang-(1-7) during the combined treatment is modulated by a non- @entity1809 / @entity11082 angiotensin subtype receptor.

title: Vasodepressor actions of angiotensin-(1-7) unmasked during combined treatment with @entity3593 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']