abstract: The so-called @entity358 is a form of @entity133 caused by the effects of the radioactive gas radon and of its radioactive short half-life daughter products. This type of radiation-induced @entity5 is the most common and the most important @entity1161 among workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. There have been many deaths from @entity2 , especially in the Soviet @entity595 mines in the Erzgebirge of Saxony in the former German Democratic Republic. The history of disease in these miners extends over five centuries; the first observations of their health hazard start in the Middle Ages. The discovery of the @entity2 component was made toward the end of the nineteenth century, and the suspicion that a connection might exist between this cancer type and exposure to ionizing radiation was voiced at the beginning of the twentieth century. In the first half of this century, further research was carried out on this disease in the Schneeberg area of the Erzgebirge. Before the end of World War II, guidelines were set up to define the acceptable limits of radon exposure in the ore mines of Saxony. After World War II, the American @entity595 mines in the Colorado Plateau used the German research results as a basis for working out their own radiation protection standard. The @entity595 mines under Soviet occupation in the former GDR, on the contrary, paid no attention to these research findings. For many years, no precautions were taken for the miners' working conditions. The consequence of this serious omission was an estimated 9,000 fatal cases of @entity2 among these underground miners. High concentrations of radon are to be found in indoor air of homes in some districts of the Erzgebirge, suggesting an increasing @entity2 risk for the local inhabitants. The significance of this finding is evaluated.

title: XXXX and @entity595 mining in the Saxon Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['occupational cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial or alveolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Schneeberg lung disease']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Schneeberg lung disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fractional exhaled @entity842 (FENO) is an emerging marker of @entity32 in @entity1576 . However, it is affected by a number of confounding factors. We aimed to study the effect of drinking Arabian Qahwa on FENO in non-smoking Saudi healthy adults. METHODS: We recruited 12 nonsmoker healthy male adults aged 36.6    2.7 (21-50) years. All subjects were free from acute @entity1729 or @entity566 and had normal ventilatory functions and serum IgE levels. At 8 am in the morning, their baseline values of FENO were recorded. They had not taken tea or coffee in the morning and had taken similar light breakfast. They were given three cups of Arabian Qahwa to drink and then after every 30 minutes, serial levels of FENO were recorded. RESULTS: Average FENO levels at baseline were 28.73    9.33 (mean    SD) parts per billion (ppb). The mean FENO levels started to decrease significantly after 30 minutes of drinking Arabian Qahwa (P=0.002). This decrease in FENO level was further observed till two hours after Qahwa drinking and then it started to increase in next 90 minutes but still was significantly lower than the baseline (P=0.002). The mean FENO level recorded after 4 hours was 27.22    10.22 (P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: FENO levels were significantly lowered by intake of Arabian Qahwa and this effect remains for about 4 hours. Therefore, history of recent Qahwa intake and abstinence is essential before performance of FENO and its interpretation.

title: Effect of drinking Arabian Qahwa on fractional exhaled XXXX levels in healthy nonsmoking Saudi adults.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: 1. Hyperglycaemia is believed to be a major cause of @entity532 such as accelerated @entity731 . In order to elucidate the effect of hyperglycaemia on vascular response in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), the natriuretic peptides receptor responses to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) which are thought to suppress @entity731 were studied under high @entity413 (HG:22.2 mmol/L) conditions. 2. The total number of cells in SHR is higher and natriuretic peptides receptor response is smaller than that of cells in the @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 . Membrane bound @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activity in HG or SHR is higher compared to that of cells in normal @entity413 (NG:5.6 mmol/L) or WKY. Cells cultured in HG for at least 2 passages had higher total cell number and receptor mediated @entity6708 formation were suppressed compared to cells cultured in NG both in SHR and WKY. Specific @entity7131 inhibitor @entity7131 (19-36) 1 mu mol/L prevented HG induced suppression of natriuretic peptides response. 3. These results show that hyperglycaemia may be linked to suppressed natriuretic peptides receptor response which is caused by increased @entity7131 activity both in WKY and SHR. This suppressed response may cause the accelerated @entity731 by hyperglycaemia.

title: Elevated @entity413 concentration and natriuretic peptides receptor response on vascular smooth muscle of spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: A case of @entity3017 in a 4-year-old @entity1 is presented. She was admitted with an abdominal mass and @entity391 in August 1994. Computed tomography scan showed a 10- x 8- x 7-cm mass occupying both the head and body of the pancreas. Serum @entity160 ( @entity160 ) level was 9,600 ng/mL (normal, <8.3 ng/mL). Results of open biopsy of the @entity5 showed @entity3017 . Chemotherapy was administered using the new A-1 regimen consisting of @entity786 , @entity2879 , @entity7765 , and @entity900 . After 3 cycles of chemotherapy, the size of the @entity5 was reduced to 5 x 4 x 3 cm, the portal vein became patent, and the @entity160 value decreased to 98.1 ng/mL. Total @entity5 was performed leaving the head and tail of the pancreas. Postoperative chemotherapy continued for 2 years. The @entity1 has been disease free for 5 years, and her serum @entity160 remained within normal levels.

title: XXXX treated by delayed operation after effective chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7765 :: ('MESH:C027260', 'Chemical') :: ['pirarubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3017 :: ('MESH:C537162', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

answer: @entity3017 :: (MESH:C537162,Disease) :: ['Pancreatoblastoma']


abstract: The 13-residue cathelicidins @entity32982 and @entity29878 are part of a group of relatively short @entity2340 -rich antimicrobial peptides that hold potential as future substitutes for antibiotics. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been applied here to study the effect of @entity32982 and @entity29878 as well as five @entity29878 analogs on the phase transition behaviour of model membranes made up of zwitterionic @entity17595 ( @entity17595 , @entity17595 / @entity165 ) and anionic @entity34717 ( @entity34717 ) phospholipids. Most of the peptides studied significantly modified the phase transition profile, suggesting the importance of hydrophobic forces for the peptide interactions with the lipid bilayers and their insertion into the bilayer. @entity32982 and @entity29878 are both known to be flexible in aqueous solution, but they adopt turn-turn structures when they bind to and insert in a membrane surface. Pro-to-Ala substitutions in @entity29878 , which result in the formation of a stable alpha-helix in this peptide, lead to a substantial increase in the peptide interactions with both zwitterionic and anionic phospholipid vesicles. In contrast, the substitution of the three Trp residues by Tyr or @entity815 resulted in a significant decrease of the peptide's interaction with anionic vesicles and virtually eliminated binding of these peptides to the zwitterionic vesicles. An increase of the cationic charge of the peptide induced much smaller changes to the peptide interaction with all lipid systems than substitution of particular @entity1522 or modification of the peptide conformation. The presence of multiple lipid domains with a non-uniform peptide distribution was noticed. Slow equilibration of the lipid-peptide systems due to peptide redistribution was observed in some cases. Generally good agreement between the present DSC data and peptide antimicrobial activity data was obtained.

title: Interactions of XXXX -rich cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides with model membranes studied by differential scanning calorimetry.

entities_list: @entity32982 :: ('MESH:C073143', 'Chemical') :: ['indolicidin', 'Indolicidin']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity29878 :: ('MESH:C402895', 'Chemical') :: ['tritrpticin']

entities_list: @entity34717 :: ('MESH:C002773', 'Chemical') :: ['dimyristoylphosphatidyl glycerol', 'DMPG']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity17595 :: ('MESH:D004134', 'Chemical') :: ['DMPC', 'dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The superiority of @entity1503 in pediatric cardiac surgery has not previously been challenged in a controlled clinical trial. The purpose of this study was to compare antegrade cold blood versus cold crystalloid cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery. METHODS: One hundred thirty-eight pediatric @entity1 (mean age 32 months; 95% CL 24.2 to 39.8 months; range 1 day to 15 years) were prospectively randomized to receive either cold blood (4:1 dilution, blood/ @entity21098 , @entity4337 15 mEq/L; n = 62) or cold crystalloid ( @entity21098 ; n = 76) cardioplegic solution during a variety of operations for @entity299 . Multiple doses of cold (4 degrees C) cardioplegic solution was administered antegradely in addition to topical cooling during @entity63 . Myocardial recovery and outcome measures were assessed by five clinical end points: (1) inotropic support, (2) echocardiographic assessment of ventricular function, (3) overall complication rate, (4) length of stay in the intensive care unit, and (5) 30-day survival. Multiple logistic regression and multivariate analysis of variance were used to investigate which of the following clinical determinants were contributory: (1) cardioplegia, (2) urgency of operation, (3) aortic crossclamp time, (4) age, and (5) cyanosis. Population data did not differ between the two cardioplegia groups (p > 0.05). RESULTS: The most important clinical determinant of studied end points was the aortic crossclamp time (p < 0.05). The type of cardioplegic solution (blood vs crystalloid) was less important (p > 0.05). The only statistically significant difference between blood and crystalloid cardioplegia for the measured clinical end points was the level of intraoperative inotropic support (p < 0.05), although this did not correlate with any significant differences in measured ventricular function. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest no clear clinical advantage of antegrade cold @entity1503 over crystalloid cardioplegia during hypothermic @entity1167 in pediatric cardiac surgery. The aortic crossclamp time was the strongest predictor of measured outcomes.

title: Antegrade cold XXXX is not demonstrably advantageous over cold crystalloid cardioplegia in surgery for @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic arrest']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood cardioplegia']


abstract: This study assessed the safety and efficacy of recombinant @entity1 interleukin (rhIL)-11 in decreasing platelet transfusion requirements in @entity1 with @entity0 who were undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) with peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) support. After high-dose therapy with @entity786 , @entity900 , and carmustine, 80 @entity1 were randomized to one of three treatment groups: placebo (26), 25 microg/kg of @entity8033 (28), and 50 microg/kg of @entity8033 (26). Of those randomized, 75 (94%) received at least one dose of the masked study drug and the remaining 5 (6%) withdrew consent before study drug administration. In the placebo group, each @entity1 received an average 12.4 (+/-10.2) platelet transfusions vs. 9.2 (+/-5.0) in the 25-microg/kg @entity8033 group (p = 0.17) and 9.9 (+/-3.5) in the 50-microg/kg @entity8033 group (p = 0.34). There was no statistically significant difference between the @entity8033 groups and the placebo group in the median number of days to platelet recovery. Neutrophil and red blood cell recovery were similar for all treatment groups. The imbalance in the number of @entity1 already alloimmunized at study entry in the @entity8033 groups (12) and in the placebo group (1) may have confounded the primary efficacy assessment. Most adverse events were related to the high-dose chemotherapy. Generally mild @entity4 and minor conjunctival bleeding (grades 1 or 2) were statistically associated with @entity8033 administration (p < 0.04). There was no association between @entity8033 and the occurrence of @entity943 , although there was a suggestion of an association with @entity8033 , 5 of 50 cases vs. 1 of 25 in the placebo group. Two @entity65 , @entity591 and @entity551 (grade 1 or 2), occurred in the 50-microg/kg @entity8033 group. The number of @entity1 who discontinued study drug dosing because of an adverse event was distributed across all treatment groups. In summary, @entity8033 was safe and well tolerated in this study. The results did not demonstrate that @entity8033 treatment significantly decreased platelet transfusion requirements after high-dose chemotherapy with ABMT and PBPC support.

title: A randomized trial of recombinant @entity1 interleukin-11 following autologous bone marrow transplantation with peripheral blood progenitor cell support in XXXX with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The clinical relevance and mechanisms of local @entity604 early post-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remain unclear. The early spatial and temporal changes of peri-tunnel bone, its molecular mechanisms and its relationships with graft-bone tunnel healing were investigated in a 12-week-old @entity35 model. METHODS: At various times, the reconstructed ACL complex was harvested for vivaCT imaging, biomechanical test, histology and immunohistochemical staining of @entity22519 + cells (a monocyte-macrophage lineage marker), @entity17533 and @entity12480 . RESULTS: The peri-tunnel bone resorbed simultaneously with improvement of graft-bone tunnel healing. There were 30.1      17.4, 46.8      10.5 and 81.5      12.3  % loss of peri-tunnel BMD as well as 43.2      21.7, 78.7      8.5 and 92.4      17.7  % loss of peri-tunnel bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) at week 6 at the distal femur, epiphysis and metaphysis of tibia, respectively. @entity17533 , @entity12480 and @entity22519 + cells were expressed at the graft-bone tunnel interface and peri-tunnel bone and increased with time post-reconstruction at the tibia. The ultimate load and stiffness of the healing complex positively correlated with tibial tunnel bone formation and negatively correlated with tibial peri-tunnel bone. Tunnel BV/TV at the tibial metaphysis and epiphysis showed the highest correlation with ultimate load (    =  0.591; p  =  0.001) and stiffness (    =  0.427; p  =  0.026) of the complex, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was time-dependent loss of peri-tunnel bone early post-reconstruction, with the greatest loss occurring at the tibial metaphysis. This was consistent with high expression of @entity17533 , @entity12480 and @entity22519 + cells at the graft-bone tunnel interface and the peri-tunnel region. The significant loss of peri-tunnel bone, though not critically affecting early tunnel healing, suggested the need to protect the knee joint early post-reconstruction.

title: XXXX : does it affect early tendon graft to bone tunnel healing after ACL reconstruction?

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['Peri-tunnel bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Accelerated starvation and early recruitment of alternate fuels in @entity82 have been attributed to reduced availability of hepatic glycogen. The aim of this study was to measure gluconeogenesis (as a marker of protein oxidation) in relation to total @entity413 production and glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis. METHODS: @entity413 and @entity1133 production, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis were calculated using stable isotope methods before and during glucagon infusion (3 ng. kg-1. @entity1009 ) in 5 cirrhotic @entity1 and 5 matched controls before and after glycogen repletion. RESULTS: In the basal state, cirrhotic @entity1 had a normal rate of @entity413 production, but the contribution of gluconeogenesis was increased (74.3% +/- 4.1% vs. 55. 6% +/- 12.1%; P < 0.005). Glycogen repletion normalized the rate of gluconeogenesis. The glycemic response to glucagon (3 ng. kg-1. @entity1009 ) was blunted in cirrhotic @entity1 because of a lower rate of glycogenolysis (0.63 +/- 0.23 vs. 1.22 +/- 0.23 mg. kg-1. @entity1009 ; P < 0.01) and was not affected by glycogen repletion. Despite increased gluconeogenesis, the simultaneously measured rate of @entity1133 synthesis was lower in cirrhotic @entity1 (3.11 +/- 1.02 vs. 5.0 +/- 1.0 mg/kg; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that in @entity82 , @entity413 production is sustained by an increased rate of gluconeogenesis. The hepatic resistance to glucagon action is not caused by reduced glycogen stores.

title: Quantification of gluconeogenesis in XXXX : response to glucagon.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity2227 excitotoxicity seems to play an important role in the aetiopathogenesis and progression of @entity746 ( @entity746 ). @entity2682 is a modulator of the glutamatergic system and has been shown to prolong survival in the transgenic model of @entity7104 . It has also been demonstrated to slow the decline of arm strength in @entity1 sporadic cases. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of different dosages and duration of treatment of @entity2682 on the natural history and survival of @entity746 @entity1 . A total of 110 @entity1 affected by definite @entity746 entered the study. After a 6-12 month period of observation, @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive oral @entity2682 500 mg/day (Group A) or 1000 mg/day (Group B) for 6 months. In addition a group of @entity1 received @entity2682 500 mg/day for 6 months and 1000 mg/day for a further 6 months (Group C). A group of 121 @entity1 referred to our Institute, who received only symptomatic treatment, was considered as the control group (Group D). Each @entity1 was seen at entry and every 3 months. All average slopes were negative but the comparison of all slopes showed a trend toward a slower rate of decline of muscle strength loss in all treated groups of @entity1 compared with the control group. The differences were statistically significant. Analysis between the pretreatment and treatment period showed a statistically significant decrease of the decline of muscle strength and Norris score during the treatment period. Survival analysis showed a significantly longer survival in treated @entity1 of Groups B and C. Our study suggests that @entity2682 may be an effective drug for @entity746 ; hence a controlled trial involving a sufficient large number of @entity1 is warranted.

title: The natural history and the effects of @entity2682 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7104 :: ('MESH:C531617', 'Disease') :: ['familial ALS']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: We have previously generated a @entity19 with a defect in its heparin biosynthesis by targeting the gene for @entity54426 ( @entity54426 ). The @entity54426 (-/-) @entity19 show reduced levels of various mast cell mediators such as @entity112 and various heparin-binding mast cell proteases, including chymases, tryptases, and carboxypeptidase A. In this work we have addressed the possible functional consequences of the lack of sulfated heparin. Peritoneal cells were harvested from normal and @entity54426 (-/-) @entity19 . After culturing the cells, conditioned media were collected and were subjected to @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Several differences in the protein patterns were observed, including the presence of large amounts of a approximately 250-kDa protein in medium from @entity54426 (-/-) @entity19 that was absent in normal controls. Peptide microsequencing revealed identity of this protein with fibronectin. Western blot analysis showed the presence of fibronectin degradation products in cell cultures from normal @entity19 , which were absent in cultures from @entity54426 (-/-) animals. Further experiments showed that the degradation of fibronectin observed in cell cultures from @entity54426 (+/+) @entity19 was catalyzed by mast cell chymase in a strongly heparin-dependent manner. This report thus indicates a biological function for chymase/heparin proteoglycan complexes in fibronectin turnover.

title: Altered processing of fibronectin in XXXX lacking heparin. a role for heparin-dependent mast cell chymase in fibronectin degradation.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity54426 :: ('17423(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['NDST-2', 'N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-2']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Many @entity1 with severe refractory @entity565 , which is insufficiently controlled by additional high-dose of inhaled @entity288 , require oral @entity288 and/or immunosuppressant. Clinicians should seek for suitable medications, for its' chronic use may induce high risk of side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized @entity9992 (3-4 times/day) in adult severe @entity748 @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity748 symptoms, despite treatments with high-dose inhaled @entity288 . Adult @entity1 with severe @entity565 (n=251) were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial at 30 medical centers in Japan. Isotonic saline was used as placebo. The study was conducted for 10 weeks; with initial 2 weeks of observation followed by 8 weeks of treatments. Efficacy was primarily evaluated based on improvements in morning peak expiratory flow after treatment. All @entity1 who applied inhalation of nebulized @entity9992 (SCG group) or saline (Controls) were treated with high-dose of inhaled @entity288 (median of @entity2715 equivalent dose: 1600 microg/days) and second-line control therapy including oral @entity288 . There was no significant difference in morning peak expiratory flow between SCG group and controls. However, when @entity1 were stratified into atopic and non-atopic groups, morning peak expiratory flow had significantly improved in the atopic SCG group compared to atopic Controls. Additional inhalation of nebulized @entity9992 with inhaled @entity288 is effective even in @entity1 with severe @entity12131 . This finding shows that nebulized @entity9992 is expected to be new second-line therapeutic option in severe @entity565 .

title: Effects of nebulized XXXX on adult @entity1 with severe refractory @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone dipropionate']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity9992 :: (MESH:D004205,Chemical) :: ['sodium cromoglycate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neutrophil cytotoxity and activated macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity167 -induced @entity409 . The aim of this study was to relate plasma levels of @entity6421 , a marker of activation of the cellular immune system, and @entity687 , a neutrophil chemotactic factor, with severity of @entity409 and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity167 -induced @entity82 . METHODS: Plasma concentrations of @entity6421 and @entity687 were assessed in 81 @entity1 with @entity167 -induced @entity82 admitted to the Department of Medicine B, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, and in 16 healthy controls. After a median follow-up period of 5 years, mortality and @entity204 causes were registered. The @entity1 were divided into groups according to the major contributing cause of @entity204 : @entity281 , @entity360 or @entity5693 . RESULTS: @entity6421 and @entity687 levels were increased in the @entity82 @entity1 , but not significantly related to @entity1 -Pugh classification. Five-year mortality was 67%. High @entity6421 levels (>upper quartile) were an independent predictor of @entity204 (p=0.01, Log rank and p<0.02, @entity797 ). High @entity687 levels (>upper quartile) were of no significant prognostic value for overall mortality. Causes of @entity204 related mortality were as follows (Log rank): @entity6421 ; p=0.009, p=0.84 and p=0.94, and @entity687 ; p=0.36, p=0.002 and p=0.27, respectively, according to @entity281 , @entity548 and @entity772 as causes of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6421 and @entity687 plasma levels are raised in @entity1 with @entity167 -induced @entity82 , and are predictive of mortality associated with @entity281 and @entity360 , respectively.

title: XXXX and @entity687 --prognosis in @entity167 -induced @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['Neopterin', 'neopterin']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic coma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity6421 :: (MESH:D019798,Chemical) :: ['Neopterin']


abstract: At present, typical approaches employed to repair @entity174 and other @entity79 tend to use matrix grafts to promote tissue regeneration. These grafts act as templates, which promote cellular adhesion, growth and proliferation, osteoconduction, and even osteoinduction, which commonly results in de novo osteogenesis. The present work aimed to study the bone-repairing ability of hybrid matrixes (HM) prepared with @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) and bioactive glass in an experimental @entity95 model. The HM were prepared by combining 30% bioactive glass (nominal composition of 58% @entity3758 -33 % @entity25053 - 9% @entity52256 ) and 70% @entity939 . @entity95 were randomly divided into the control group (C group) and two groups with @entity79 , in which one received a matrix implant HM (Implant group), while the other did not (no Implant group). Clinical monitoring showed no altered parameters from either the Implant or the no Implant groups as compared to the control group, for the variables of diet grades, day and night temperatures and hemograms. In the Implant group, radiologic and tomographic studies showed implanted areas with clean edges in femoral non-articular direction, and radio-dense images that suggest incipient integration. Minimum signs of phlogosis could be observed, whereas no signs of rejection at this imaging level could be identified. Histological analysis showed evidence of osteo-integration, with the formation of a trabecular bone within the implant. Together, these results show that implants of hybrid matrixes of bioactive glass are capable of promoting bone regeneration.

title: Hybrid matrix grafts to favor tissue regeneration in @entity95 femur XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone lesions']


abstract: Clinical and laboratory findings in eight @entity1 with childhood common variable @entity465 and @entity792 are described. Six of the eight @entity1 had @entity66 , persistent @entity11803 , recurrent @entity1729 , or both, in the first year of life. Autoimmune manifestations included idiopathic @entity882 (4/8), @entity5714 (3/8), @entity11803 (4/8), @entity625 (2/8), @entity3619 (2/8), @entity8174 (2/8), and @entity5011 (2/8). In addition to the expected @entity1244 , @entity2346 , and @entity55 caused by encapsulated bacteria, these @entity1 also had severe infections with viruses of the herpes group. Most of these @entity1 had @entity3329 , @entity381 , growth failure, and failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics. Laboratory studies demonstrated a significant increase in the ratio of T cells expressing the T helper phenotype ( @entity19 ) to T cells expressing the T suppressor-cytotoxic phenotype (OKT8) (T4/T8). This increase could be attributed to a decrease in the absolute number of T8 cells. Additional findings included fluctuating levels of serum immunoglobulins and markedly diminished in vitro antibody production by B cells. The clinical course was relapsing and remitting, and dominated by the autoimmune manifestations of the disease. This group of @entity1 constitutes a distinct subset of @entity1 with @entity7893 , a subset with a complex, @entity66 associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

title: Childhood common variable @entity465 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disorder', 'initial signs of the disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity11803 :: ('MESH:C536210', 'Disease') :: ['secretory diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune disease']


abstract: Previous studies indicate that @entity161 @entity1 draw decisions more hastily than controls. The aim of the present study was to obtain convergent evidence with a new paradigm, designed after the Who Wants to Be a Millionaire television game show. Thirty-two @entity161 @entity1 and 38 healthy subjects were administered 20 knowledge questions, along with 4 response alternatives. @entity1 were required to provide probability estimates for each alternative. Whenever a subject was confident that one of the alternatives was correct or was wrong, the subject was asked to indicate this via a decision or rejection rating. Thus, probability estimates and decisions were independently assessed, allowing determination of the point at which probability estimates translate into decisions. @entity1 and controls gave comparable probability estimates for all alternatives. However, @entity1 committed more erroneous responses, owing to their making decisions in the face of low subjective probability ratings and rejecting alternatives despite rather high probability ratings. The results provide further evidence for the claim that @entity161 @entity1 make strong judgments based on little information. We propose that a lowered threshold for accepting alternatives provides a parsimonious explanation for the data-gathering bias reported in the literature.

title: Incautious reasoning as a pathogenetic factor for the development of psychotic symptoms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The primary function of the gastrointestinal system is to assist the intake and further processing of food and liquids. Besides that, it forms an anatomical barrier between the external environment and internal milieu. It is also highly important for its paracrine and endocrine function. @entity29 , which frequently cause a @entity344 , form a specific group. Most frequently it is the @entity31 and @entity30 . @entity344 and failure of protective mechanisms lead to the increased permeability of the intestinal wall for antigens derived from food, saprophytic bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. When the @entity344 is threatening, factors determining its residual function become more important. As decisive reveals the severity and location of the @entity66 . Previous surgeries and adaptation of the residual part of the gastrointestinal system are important, as well as the possibility of peroral or enteral nutrient intake. Depending on the presence of risk factors and the degree of residual gut function, some complications can be expected: dehydration, mineral disorders, symptoms of protein and energy depletion, @entity281 , and multiple @entity881 . It is highly important to decide whether the gastrointestinal system will be included into or excluded from the process of realimentation. @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity29 should be treated at an intensive care unit.

title: [Metabolic disorders in nonspecific XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critically ill']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal failure', 'Impaired integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'Inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the effects of beta(2) adrenergic receptor stimulation on ventricular repolarisation in vivo. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. @entity1 : 85 @entity1 with @entity453 and 22 normal controls. INTERVENTIONS: Intravenous and intracoronary @entity3045 (a beta(2) adrenergic receptor selective agonist; 10-30 microg/min and 1-10 microg/min), and intravenous @entity3044 (a mixed beta(1)/beta(2) adrenergic receptor agonist; 1-5 microg/min), infused during fixed @entity955 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1162 intervals, @entity1162 , monophasic action potential duration. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity453 , @entity3045 @entity1162 (peak) but increased @entity1162 (end) duration; @entity1162 (onset)- @entity1162 (peak) and @entity1162 (peak)- @entity1162 (end) intervals increased, resulting in T wave prolongation (mean (SEM): 201 (2) ms to 233 (2) ms; p < 0.01). There was a large increase in dispersion of @entity1162 (onset), @entity1162 (peak), and @entity1162 (end) which was more pronounced in @entity1 with @entity453 -for example, @entity1162 (end) dispersion: 50 (2) ms baseline v 98 (4) ms @entity3045 (controls), and 70 (1) ms baseline v 108 (3) ms @entity3045 ( @entity453 ); p < 0.001. Similar responses were obtained with @entity3044 . Monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarisation shortened during intracoronary infusion of @entity3045 , from 278 (4.1) ms to 257 (3.8) ms (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: beta(2) adrenergic receptors mediate important electrophysiological effects in @entity1 ventricular myocardium. The increase in dispersion of repolarisation provides a mechanism whereby @entity2661 acting through this receptor subtype may trigger @entity943 .

title: Beta(2) adrenergic receptors mediate important electrophysiological effects in XXXX ventricular myocardium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['decreased QT(onset) and QT', 'QT dispersion', 'QT']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial pacing']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study is the second and final phase of a 3-year follow-up study of @entity1 who had been admitted with a major @entity308 in the postpartum period, along with their @entity1 and partners where present. The effect of a maternal @entity458 history on the @entity1 's well-being and @entity1 outcome compared to those @entity1 without such a history is highlighted. METHOD: Forty-five of an original cohort of 56 @entity1 were seen with their @entity1 where possible, when the @entity1 was an average of 36.8 months old. Twenty-two @entity1 had no history of @entity458 , and 23 gave a history of childhood @entity458 . @entity1 were assessed with respect to well-being, relationships, parenting stress and @entity146 history since recruitment. The @entity1 's behavior and cognitive development was also assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 with a history of @entity458 rated higher @entity308 and @entity148 scores (p < .05), and had greater life stresses (p < .05). Their partners rated themselves as more comforting and their @entity1 as more disturbed (p < .05). Over time, this group had failed to improve as much as the nonabuse group on these measures. There was no difference in @entity1 cognitive scores between groups. CONCLUSIONS: A history of @entity458 in @entity1 who become depressed postpartum may have long term implications for the @entity1 's mental health, her relationship with her @entity1 , as well as the emotional development of her @entity1 . It is critical to offer @entity1 in this high-risk group supports in an attempt to minimize these difficulties and any long-term adverse effects.

title: Childhood @entity458 , parenting and postpartum XXXX --a 3-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman', 'Women', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity1468 ( @entity101 ) is accompanied by decreased @entity4151 and increased hCG levels in maternal serum. The expression of these peptides as well as the endocrine mechanisms responsible for their regulation in @entity1468 are unknown. We have demonstrated that regulatory GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) are implicated in the modulation of @entity4151 production by placentas from normal pregnancies. In order to extend our knowledge on placental endocrinology, we analyzed in this study the expression of @entity4151 and beta-hCG mRNAs as well as placental G protein alpha-subunits in pregnancies complicated by @entity101 . Western and Northern blot analyses were respectively performed on membrane protein and total mRNA preparations from @entity1 placentas of preeclamptic (n = 7) and normal pregnancies (n = 4). The levels of @entity4151 and beta-hCG mRNAs were respectively 108% and 105% of those from normal placentas, suggesting that the altered circulating levels of @entity4151 and beta-hCG are not related to dysfunctional mRNA expression of these peptides. The autoradiographs for G proteins and their mRNAs showed no difference in G protein expression between preeclamptic and normal tissues. Specifically, G alpha i2, G alpha i3, G alpha o, G alpha s, and @entity10158 /11 levels reached 87%, 81%, 91%, 99%, and 103% respectively of those from normal placentas. In parallel with the protein levels, their mRNAs expression were respectively 93%, 89%, 113%, 104%, and 94% of normal values for G alpha i2, G alpha i3, G alpha o, G alpha s, and @entity10158 /11. These results suggest that neither a change in @entity4151 and beta-hCG expression nor a change in signal transduction machinery is implicated in the altered circulating levels of @entity4151 and beta-hCG in @entity1468 .

title: Expression of G proteins in XXXX placentas from pregnancies complicated by @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['gestational hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'Preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The expression of some members of the TGF beta family of genes in embryonic craniofacial tissue suggests a functional role for these molecules in orofacial development. In other systems, @entity641 and @entity11579 have been shown to regulate cell proliferation and extracellular matrix metabolism, processes critical to normal development of the secondary palate. We have thus determined the amount and tissue distribution of both @entity641 and @entity11579 in embryonic palatal tissue. Cellular extracts of @entity19 embryonic palatal tissue from days 12, 13 and 14 of gestation were assayed for the presence of @entity641 and @entity11579 by immunoprecipitation. Physiological levels, ranging from 0.05-20 ng/micrograms protein, of both growth factors were detected in all tissues examined. Immunostaining with antibodies directed against either @entity641 or @entity11579 demonstrated the presence of these growth factors in palatal epithelium and mesenchyme early during palatal development (gestational day [GD] 12) a period characterized by tissue growth. On GDs 13 and 14, characterized by palate epithelial differentiation, immunostaining for both growth factors predominated in epithelial tissue. Immunostaining for @entity641 and @entity11579 was also intense in mesenchyme surrounding tooth germs and in perichondrium. Chondrocytes and cartilage extracellular matrix did not stain for either @entity641 or @entity8042 . Combined with existing evidence for the presence of functional receptors for the transforming growth factor-beta s in the developing palate, these results provide rationale for studies designed to clarify a specific role for these signalling molecules in palate epithelial differentiation and/or epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.

title: Immunodetection of the transforming growth factors beta 1 and beta 2 in the developing XXXX palate.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) is a @entity563 protease involved in @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . Its activity during @entity3 may be regulated by a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). Furthermore, @entity2290 exerts its action by binding to a membrane-bound receptor ( @entity10431 ). The authors attempted to examine the immunohistochemical expression of @entity2290 , @entity10431 , and @entity2289 in @entity1 with @entity1606 of the upper urinary tract (TCC-UUT). METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded @entity5 tissues from 154 @entity1 were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: There was moderate to strong cytoplasmic staining for @entity2290 , @entity2289 , and @entity10431 in 57.8%, 96.1%, and 88.3%, respectively, of @entity5 epithelial cells, and in 22.7%, 53.9%, and 24.7%, respectively, of stromal cells at the @entity5 /stroma interface. Examination of the relationship between immunoreactive score and clinicopathologic findings revealed that the @entity2290 score for stromal cells significantly correlated with the stage and pattern of growth of the @entity5 . The @entity2289 score for @entity5 epithelial cells and the @entity10431 score for stromal cells both correlated with stage, grade, and pattern of growth. The @entity2289 -score for stromal cells correlated with stage and grade. The @entity10431 -score for @entity5 epithelial cells correlated with stage. When only the immunoreactive scores that were classified as "high" (if the score was > or = 5 or > or = 1, for @entity5 epithelial and stromal cells, respectively) were considered, univariate analysis revealed that a "high" @entity2289 score for @entity5 epithelial cells and a "high" @entity10431 score for stromal cells both were significantly associated with poor disease free and overall survivals, particularly early period survival. In the final models of the multivariate analysis, only stage (all periods, disease free survival and overall survival), and grade (12 months, overall survival) were found to be progressive or prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of immunoreactivity for plasminogen activator parameters appears to be of little or no value in determining the prognosis of @entity1 with TCC-UUT, although some parameters were found to be associated with high stage or high grade of the @entity5 .

title: @entity2290 , its inhibitor, and its receptor in XXXX with upper urinary tract carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['Urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Pancreatic islets are unique outside the nervous system in that they contain high levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), synthesized by the enzyme @entity367 decarboxylase (GAD). Since the role that @entity1246 plays in the islet and the mechanisms whereby the two major GAD isoforms ( @entity19193 and @entity14019 ) function as @entity6 -associated autoantigens are unknown, continued characterization of the islet GAD- @entity1246 system is important. We previously demonstrated that the @entity1246 and @entity2228 transporter vesicular inhibitory @entity535 transporter ( @entity3864 also known as @entity3864 ) is present in @entity35 islets. Here we identify a novel 52 kDa variant of @entity3864 in @entity35 islets: @entity3864 -52 (V52). V52 is an @entity1472 -terminally truncated form of @entity3864 (V57) that likely results from utilization of a downstream start site of translation. V57 and V52 display different patterns of post-translational modification and cellular expression. Our results have indicated that islet content of V52, but not V57, is responsive to changes in @entity413 concentration and other extracellular conditions. @entity3864 is expressed in the islet alpha cells, but there have been conflicting findings regarding the presence of @entity3864 in the beta cells. Here we have also provided additional evidence for the presence of @entity3864 in islet beta cells and show that the beta cell line @entity2833 expresses V57. V52 may be better adapted than V57 to the unique @entity35 alpha cell GAD- @entity1246 system, which lacks @entity19193 and in which @entity3864 traffics to secretory granules rather than just to synaptic microvesicles.

title: Identification and characterization of a novel isoform of the vesicular XXXX transporter with @entity413 -regulated expression in @entity35 islets.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1164 ( @entity1167 ) is a leading cause of death in Europe. The victims of @entity1167 need immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). @entity1 resuscitated due to @entity1167 have high mortality rate. Prognostic evaluation based on clinical observation is uncertain and would benefit from the use of biochemical markers of @entity75 . Multiple factors of brain origin can be measured in blood. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to validate the use of the serum @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) concentrations for predicting in-hospital death, after resuscitation from out-of-hospital @entity1167 . @entity528 and impairment of the blood-brain-barrier integrity can be detected by the release of @entity3508 into cerebrospinal fluid and eventually into the blood. @entity1865 represents a product of lipid @entity2625 decomposition reactions. METHODS: In a prospective study of 35 consecutive survivors of out-of-hospital @entity1167 , serum samples were obtained within 24, 72 and 168 h after the @entity1167 . @entity3508 and @entity1865 concentrations were measured, relationship between concentration in group of in-hospital death and survived @entity1 were examined. Results There was a significant difference in @entity3508 concentration between survivors and dead group on 1st day of measurement, marginally significant difference on 3rd day and no statistically significant difference in @entity3508 on 7th day of measurement. There was marginally significant difference in @entity1865 levels in both groups in all days of measurements. CONCLUSION: Estimation serum concentrations of @entity3508 but not @entity1865 seems to be a predictor of fate of @entity1 after @entity1167 . The exact nature of oxidative stress can only be resolved by further studies.

title: Serum neuron specific enolase and @entity1234 in @entity1 after out-of-hospital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic brain damage']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal damage']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Receptor @entity669 kinases (RTKs) are involved in the control of fundamental cellular processes in metazoans. In vertebrates, RTK could be grouped in distinct classes based on the nature of their cognate ligand and modular composition of their extracellular domain. RTK with immunoglobulin-like domains (IG-like RTK) encompass several RTK classes and have been found in early metazoans, including sponges. Evolution of IG-like RTK is characterized by extended molecular and functional diversification, which prompted us to study their evolutionary history. For that purpose, a nonredundant data set including annotated protein sequences of IG-like RTK (n = 85) was built, representing 19 species ranging from sponges to @entity1 . Phylogenetic trees were generated from alignment of conserved regions using maximum likelihood approach. Molecular phylogeny strongly suggests that IG-like RTK diversification occurred according to a complex scenario. In particular, we propose that specific cis duplications of a common ancestor to both platelet-derived growth factor receptor (class III) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (class V) families preceded two trans duplications. In contrast, other IG-like RTK genes, like @entity28972 and @entity23911 , apparently did not evolve by duplications, whereas fibroblast growth factor receptors (class IV) evolved through two rounds of trans duplications. The proposed model of IG-like RTK evolution is supported by high bootstrap values and by the clustering of genes encoding class III and class V RTKs at specific chromosomal locations in @entity19 and @entity1 genomes.

title: Origin and molecular evolution of receptor XXXX kinases with immunoglobulin-like domains.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scar signal quantification using late @entity2287 enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) identifies @entity1 at higher risk of future events, both in @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and @entity384 ( @entity384 ). However, the ability of scar signal burden to predict events in such @entity1 groups at the time of referral for @entity737 ( @entity737 ) has not been well explored. This study evaluates the predictive use of multiple scar quantification measures in @entity296 and @entity384 @entity1 being referred for @entity737 . METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four consecutive @entity1 referred for @entity737 therapy (59 with @entity296 and 65 with @entity384 ) underwent a standardized LGE-CMR protocol with blinded, multithreshold scar signal quantification and, for those with @entity296 , peri- @entity1188 signal quantification. @entity1 were followed prospectively for the primary combined outcome of appropriate @entity737 therapy, survived @entity1167 , or @entity1164 . At a mean follow-up of 632    262 days, 18 @entity1 (15%) had suffered the primary outcome. Total scar was significantly higher among those suffering a primary outcome, a relationship maintained within each @entity296 cohort (P<0.01 for all comparisons). Total scar was the strongest independent predictor of the primary outcome and demonstrated a negative predictive value of 86%. In the @entity296 subcohort, peri- @entity1188 signal showed only a nonsignificant trend toward elevation among those having a primary end point. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial scar quantification by LGE-CMR predicts arrhythmic events in @entity1 being evaluated for @entity737 eligibility irrespective of @entity296 etiology.

title: Prediction of arrhythmic events in ischemic and XXXX @entity1 referred for implantable cardiac defibrillator: evaluation of multiple scar quantification measures for late @entity2287 enhancement magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'ICM']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Tissue from the infundibulum region of the uterine tube (oviduct) of @entity840 , @entity291 , @entity742 , and @entity1707 was examined by electron microscopy. In all specimens, cilia and ciliary rootlets were present in variable numbers in the ciliated cells during both the follicular and the luteal phases of the estrous cycle. True @entity528 was not evident during luteal phase or pregnancy. The ciliary rootlets in ruminant and nonruminant species had structural similarities to those described in @entity1 and @entity2608 . These organelles measured approximately 1 mum long in most species studied, but in the @entity291 , the rootlets, extending downward into the cytoplasm from the proximal end of the basal body, reached a length of 2 mum. The rootlets had a cross-striation of thick and thin bands, the period measuring 40 to 60 nm. Mitochondria were closely associated with the rootlets. The rootlets usually formed a small angle to the axis of the cilium. These organelles probably function as anchoring or stabilizing structures for the motile cilia. Results indicated that the rootlets are more widely distributed in @entity1 uterine tube cilia than previously postulated. Polyribosomes, microfilaments, microtubules, and electron-opaque fibrous granules were frequently seen in the cytoplasm of the ciliated cells. The presence of fibrous granules in close association with the basal bodies indicate that these granules have a role in the development of cilia and rootlets. Cilia and precursor fibrous granules were also seen in porcine fetal uterine tube epithelial cells.

title: Ultrastructural demonstration of cilia and ciliary rootlets in XXXX uterine tube epithelium in different functional states.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of cilia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Plasma @entity251 , unbound @entity251 , @entity443 ( @entity443 ) and albumin were studied in @entity1 with ' @entity43 prior to and during chemotherapy. Fifty-one postmenopausal or oophorectomized @entity1 with @entity43 were studied. The histologic types were @entity2337 , IIC, IIIC, V and FIGO stages I-IV. @entity5 volumes were evaluated once a month using bimanual recto-vaginal palpation under anesthesia. Blood samples were drawn for @entity251 radio-immunoassay, @entity443 and albumin analysis on four occasions at monthly intervals. Plasma levels were compared with a control group of postmenopausal @entity1 , a control group of fertile @entity1 in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and finally a control group of postmenopausal @entity1 with non-gynecologic disseminated @entity5 . @entity251 concentrations were found to be higher in @entity1 with @entity43 than in postmenopausal controls and showed a relationship to @entity5 volume. Histologic type and FIGO stage were found to be less closely related to plasma @entity251 concentration. No significant change was found in the unbound @entity251 fraction. @entity443 concentrations were elevated in the Large- @entity5 group. Albumin concentrations were decreased in the Large- @entity5 group, advanced @entity5 stage group and in the control group with non-gynecologic disseminated @entity5 .

title: @entity251 , @entity443 and albumin in XXXX with @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ["non-endocrine' ovarian carcinoma", 'carcinoma of the ovary', 'cancer of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['SHBG', 'Sex Hormone Binding Globulin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Formation of proplatelets from megakaryocytes is believed to be the first step of platelet production in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the effects of recombinant @entity1 @entity26118 (hTPO) on the development of proplatelets from a @entity1427 /IIIa+ population of @entity35 bone marrow cells highly enriched for late megakaryocyte progenitors ( @entity1427 /IIIa+ CFU-MK) that we recently found to be a primary target population of TPO. Quantitative measurement of hTPO-induced proplatelet formation was performed in liquid cultures. Proplatelet formation from megakaryocytes derived from @entity1427 /IIIa+ CFU-MK in the presence of hTPO began on day 4 of culture and peaked the following day. On day 5 of culture, lower concentrations of hTPO expanded the number of megakaryocytes, increased the number of proplatelets and the percentage of proplatelet-developing megakaryocytes. Increasing hTPO concentrations resulted in a modest decrease in proplatelet development. We next used hTPO to derive immature or mature megakaryocytes from @entity1427 /IIIa+ CFU-MK. These populations of cultured megakaryocytes spontaneously formed proplatelets when recultured in the absence of exogenous hTPO. The addition of hTPO at higher concentrations modestly augmented proplatelet production from immature megakaryocytes derived from 2-day liquid cultures. However, either @entity19 @entity777 ( @entity777 ) or @entity1 @entity4382 , but not @entity35 @entity7422 , was more potent than hTPO in augmenting proplatelet formation from immature megakaryocytes. Each of these four cytokines had an inhibitory effect on proplatelet formation from more differentiated megakaryocytes derived from 3-day liquid cultures. These results indicate that TPO enhances proplatelet production primarily by stimulating CFU-MK to increase the number of proplatelet-forming megakaryocytes and that its action is clearly different from those of other cytokines that also stimulate megakaryocytopoiesis.

title: Action of XXXX at the megakaryocyte progenitor level is critical for the subsequent proplatelet production.

answer: @entity26118 :: (7066,Gene) :: ['thrombopoietin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic efficacy of the first-trimester anomaly scan including first-trimester fetal echocardiography as a screening procedure in a 'medium-risk' population. METHODS: In a prospective study, we evaluated 3094 consecutive fetuses with a crown-rump length (CRL) of 45-84 mm and gestational age between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks, using transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography. The majority of @entity1 were referred without prior abnormal scan or increased nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, the median maternal age was, however, 35 (range, 15-46) years, and 53.8% of the mothers (1580/2936) were 35 years or older. This was therefore a self-selected population reflecting an increased percentage of older mothers opting for prenatal diagnosis. The follow-up rate was 92.7% (3117/3363). RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity854 in 3094 fetuses was 2.8% (86/3094). The detection rate of major anomalies at the 11 + 0 to 13 + 6-week scan was 83.7% (72/86), 51.9% (14/27) for NT < 2.5 mm and 98.3% (58/59) for NT >or= 2.5 mm. The prevalence of major @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) was 1.2% (38/3094). The detection rate of major @entity4297 at the 11 to 13 + 6-week scan was 84.2% (32/38), 37.5% (3/8) for NT < 2.5 mm and 96.7% (29/30) for NT >or= 2.5 mm. CONCLUSION: The overall detection rate of @entity2241 including fetal @entity299 following a specialist scan at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation is about 84% and is increased when NT >or= 2.5 mm. This extends the possibilities of a first-trimester scan beyond risk assessment for fetal chromosomal defects. In experienced hands with adequate equipment, the majority of severe @entity600 as well as major @entity4297 may be detected at the end of the first trimester, which offers parents the option of deciding early in pregnancy how to deal with fetuses affected by genetic or structural abnormalities without pressure of time.

title: Detailed screening for @entity2241 and XXXX at the 11-13-week scan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['major abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal anomalies']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac defects']


abstract: All reported cases of non-catheter induced @entity49 in @entity1 with @entity447 or B have been carefully evaluated. A total of 27 cases were reported,12 @entity1 with @entity447 and 15 @entity1 with @entity4777 . The age of @entity1 varied between 9 and 67 years. There were 10 cases of @entity1150 , 8 @entity1 with @entity1151 accompanied or not by @entity1150 , 5 cases of @entity715 . In addition, there were 3 cases of @entity715 in unusual sites (1 retinal central vein @entity715 and 2 portal vein @entity715 ). Finally, in one case, @entity49 was multiple. There was a fatality in a @entity4777 @entity1 with @entity1151 . The most frequent risk or triggering factor in @entity447 was the administration of Feiba or rFVIIa concentrates in @entity1 with inhibitors. Surgery together with @entity556 Complex concentrates was the most frequent cause in @entity4777 @entity1 . Congenital associated prothrombotic risk factors were present in two @entity1 . No or very few therapeutic procedures were initiated in these @entity1 but for a suspension or reduction of concentrates infusion. In a few instances low molecular weight heparin was given for a few days. The frequent association of @entity49 with infusion of concentrates indicates the need for a careful evaluation of @entity1 about to receive such therapy.

title: Non-catheter associated XXXX in @entity447 and B. A critical review of all reported cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['superficial vein thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: We tested the potential cytoprotective role of C-phycocyanin in @entity35 cerebellar granule cell cultures. Cell death was induced by @entity972 and serum (K/S) withdrawal. Cell viability was studied using the neutral red assay and laser scanning cytometry with @entity2667 as @entity5610 . C-phycocyanin (1-3 mg/ml) showed a neuroprotective effect against 24 h of K/S deprivation in cerebellar granule cells. After 4 h K/S deprivation this compound (3 mg/ml) inhibited formation of reactive @entity26 species, measured as @entity33196 fluorescence, showing its scavenger capability. Pre-treatment with @entity31296 reduced thymidine incorporation into DNA below control values and reduced dramatically apoptotic bodies as visualized by @entity2667 , indicating inhibition of apoptosis induced by K/S deprivation. Flow cytometry studies, using @entity2667 in @entity6000 permeabilized cells, indicated that 24 h K/S deprivation acts as a proliferative signal for cerebellar granule cells, which show an increase in S-phase percentage and cells progressed into the apoptotic pathway. C-phycocyanin protected cerebellar granule cells from the apoptosis induced by deprivation. These results suggest that C-phycocyanin prevents apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells probably through the antioxidant activity. It is proposed that K/S deprivation-induced apoptosis could be due, in part, to an alteration in the cell cycle mediated by an oxidative stress mechanism.

title: C-phycocyanin protects cerebellar granule cells from low XXXX /serum deprivation-induced apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity33196 :: ('MESH:C037631', 'Chemical') :: ["2',7'-dichlorofluorescein"]

entities_list: @entity31296 :: ('MESH:D010798', 'Chemical') :: ['C-phycocyanin']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5610 :: ('CHEBI:51217', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorochrome']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: This study reports on our experience with @entity419 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in pediatric @entity1 affected by @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). We studied 20 pediatric subjects (12 males, 8 females; mean age, 10 years; range, 6 months to 14 years) with @entity706 (9 @entity978 , 11 @entity1893 ) for a 4-year period of time. Overall, 45 PET scans were performed: 7 at disease presentation and 38 for evaluation of response to therapy or follow-up study. All PET results were compared with conventional imaging (CI), mainly computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and supported by clinical follow-up and/or histologic data. In 18 of 20 @entity1 , PET findings correctly identified the status of disease. Two (2) subjects (respectively, 1 @entity978 and 1 @entity1893 , both at follow-up) resulted falsely positive: 1 due to prominent thymic uptake, and the other due to nonspecific @entity32 . Of 45 scans, PET findings were consistent with clinical follow-up and other CI data in 43 cases (16 true-positive and 27 true-negative results) and resulted falsely positive in the remaining 2 scans. On a lesion-by-lesion basis (overall, 153 lesions: 84 nodal and 69 extranodal), we found a concordance between CI and PET findings in 25 nodal (29.8%) and in 22 extranodal sites (32%). PET was more accurate than CI, as it identified active disease in 1 @entity1 negative at CI and excluded relapse in 6 @entity1 with inconclusive CI and in 2 @entity1 with a falsely positive CI. Overall, PET sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 93% versus 94% sensitivity and 72.4% specificity for CI. This comparative study shows FDG PET to be more accurate than CI in evaluating @entity1 with @entity706 . Our data also confirms that @entity8984 -FDG PET may show false-positive findings.

title: XXXX PET in @entity706 : A Comparison with Conventional Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-FDG']


abstract: Three @entity1641 (approximately 190 kg BW) fitted with a permanent @entity292 at the end of the jejunum were used. To a control diet (1/3 hay, 2/3 mixed feed) one of two fat types (coconut fat or @entity1460 oil) were added at 2 levels resulting in fat intakes of 0.1 g (control diet) to 0.5 or 1 g/kg BW 0.5 d, respectively. Each experimental period consisted of 2 weeks adaptation, 2 days of breath tests (before and hourly after the morning meal) and 5 days sampling of chyme. Crude fat, crude protein, concentrations of organic acids (SCFA, @entity880 ), pH, and the minerals @entity460 , @entity1760 and @entity3151 were determined in the chyme; H2 and @entity578 in the expired air. The following results were obtained: 1) Fat feeding significantly (P < 0.01) stimulated (independent of amount or kind of fat) the jejunoileal flow of chyme. 2) Preileal fat digestibility increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 30-38% during the control periods to 73-80% (moderate fat intake) and 82-86% (high fat intake). Differences between the fat sources were not significant. 3) Fat addition resulted dose dependent in a reduction (P < 0.05) of @entity880 as well as SCFA concentrations of chyme (at 5th h postprandial). 4) Fat intake caused a reduction in the H2-concentration of the exhaled air (P < 0.05). Such effect was not found with the @entity578 -concentration, except the high @entity1460 oil level which tended to reduce the concentration. 5) The addition of fat had no significant effects on preileal net absorption of @entity1760 and @entity460 , whilst the net secretion of @entity3151 significantly increased (P < 0.01). 6) The preileal protein digestibility (control periods 48-53%) was slightly decreased (P < 0.05), due to the fat inclusion.

title: Preileal digestibility of coconut fat and @entity1460 oil in XXXX and their influence on metabolites of microbial origin of the proximal digestive tract.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: The present study determined the role that mucosal @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) levels play in mediating the protective effects of a @entity3009 and a mild irritant against @entity285 -induced @entity1819 . An in vivo @entity235 chambered stomach preparation was used in which the exteriorized mucosa was partitioned into two equal halves, one serving as control. Animals (5-8/group) received a subcutaneous injection of either normal saline (NS) or the @entity6172 depletor @entity8816 ( @entity17462 ; 50 mg/kg) and then were assigned to one of a variety of groups based on the perfusate used to bathe the experimental side of the chamber; NS bathed the control mucosa. At completion of the studies, mucosa from each side of the chamber was assayed for total @entity6172 (mumol/g wet wt) and evaluated for microscopic damage. Both @entity6328 (PGE2) (1 microgram/ml) and the mild irritant 8% @entity1068 , when topically applied to the gastric epithelium, increased mucosal @entity6172 levels by approximately 20% compared with control values, and elicited no deleterious effects to the mucosa. Treatment of animals with @entity17462 prevented these @entity6172 effects by PGE2 and 8% @entity1068 without damaging the mucosa. Application of 40% @entity1068 to the mucosa markedly reduced levels of @entity6172 and caused significant @entity3137 , much of it extending to the level of the gastric glands. When mucosa was pretreated with PGE2 or 8% @entity1068 before 40% @entity1068 exposure, deep @entity1819 was virtually abolished. In animals receiving @entity17462 , the protective effects of these agents against injury by 40% @entity1068 were prevented. Perturbations in tissue levels of @entity6172 under these various experimental conditions failed to correlate histologically with the status of gastric mucosal integrity.

title: Protection against @entity1068 injury in the XXXX stomach: role of mucosal @entity2041 .

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric injury', 'gastric gland injury']

entities_list: @entity6328 :: ('MESH:D015064', 'Chemical') :: ['16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the mucosal surface']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In late-diagnosed @entity3886 (TGA), the left ventricle (LV) involutes as it pumps against low resistance and needs retraining by applying a pulmonary artery band (PAB) in preparation for an arterial switch operation. We report our experience with a telemetrically adaptable band compared with classic banding. METHODS: Ten @entity1 underwent retraining of the LV, 4 @entity1 with an adaptable band and progressive weekly tightening of the band (group 1) and 6 @entity1 with a traditional band (group 2). RESULTS: Mean weight and age at pulmonary band placement was 5.8  2.36 kg and 11.7  11.1 months for group 1 and 5.0  2.3 kg and 6.4  7.6 months for group 2. Time between palliation and switch procedure was 4.2 months in both groups. Group 1 showed an initial mean pulmonary gradient of 25.5  4.43 mm Hg with a 5% closure of the device. The mean gradient increased with progressive closure to 63.5  9.8 mm Hg at the time of the arterial switch operation. There were no reinterventions or deaths in this group. In group 2, the mean pulmonary gradient increased with growth from 49  21.4 mm Hg to 68.4  7.86 mm Hg at the time of the switch procedure. However, 4 of these @entity1 required reoperations during retraining: 2 needed 1 reoperation and 2 needed 2 reoperations. Two @entity1 died-1 after banding and 1 after the switch operation. CONCLUSIONS: Retraining of the LV by the adaptable device allows precise control of the tightening, avoids repetitive operations, and diminishes morbidity.

title: Adaptable pulmonary artery band for late arterial switch procedure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Profound immunosuppression and extensive fibrotic changes in the skin are characteristic for @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). @entity2533 is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine that plays an important regulatory role in the immune response. In addition, @entity2533 promotes wound repair but has also been implicated in tissue @entity82 . These characteristics prompted us to question whether serum @entity2533 levels would be associated with @entity2132 after BMT. METHODS: In this study, total @entity2533 levels in serum from HLA-identical BMT recipients before and at several time intervals after transplantation were quantified and correlated with platelet and @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) counts and with the presence of acute and chronic @entity2132 in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: @entity2533 levels were readily detectable in healthy controls and in BMT recipients before BMT. In all @entity1 , a rapid drop in @entity2533 levels was seen during the BMT conditioning regimen. After 20-50 days postBMT, @entity2533 levels started to increase to normal levels. Platelet and @entity1503 counts were strongly correlated with @entity2533 levels (r=0.810, P<0.001, and r=0.733, P<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis also revealed that @entity2533 levels were significantly increased during chronic @entity2132 and that the increase during acute @entity2132 reached levels of significance (P=0.009 and P=0.053, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that total @entity2533 levels correlate significantly with platelet and @entity1503 counts and that chronic @entity2132 is associated with an increase in serum @entity2533 , independent of platelet or @entity1503 counts.

title: Serum transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in bone marrow transplant recipients correlate with blood cell counts and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['WBC', 'white blood cell']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'TGF-beta', 'Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['chronic graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: It was unclear whether increased heart rate (HR) increased long-term mortality after @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether HR predicted survival after @entity299 . A retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent @entity299 at our institution was performed. Ethnicity, gender, date of birth, age at transplantation, length of follow-up after transplantation, cardiac rhythm within 3 months after transplantation, age at @entity204 , reason for transplantation, cause of @entity204 , and baseline medications after transplantation were recorded. Continuous variables, such as HR, blood pressure, cardiac ejection fraction, presence of allograft vasculopathy, and serum @entity1011 , were recorded at <3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after @entity299 , then annually to 10 years after @entity299 . Seventy-eight @entity1 with a mean age of 50 +/- 13 years were identified. Mean survival was 8.5 +/- 6.5 years. Of 78 @entity1 , 32 @entity1 had an HR <or=90 beats/min, and 46 @entity1 had an HR >90 beats/min within 3 months after @entity299 . There was a mean decrease in HR of 6 beats/min during 10 years (p <0.03). Multivariate survival analysis showed that HR >90 beats/min was a significant predictor of early mortality (hazard ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 5.1, p <0.0013). @entity1 with a net increase in HR during 10 years had an increased risk of @entity204 compared with @entity1 with no change or a net decrease in HR (hazard ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval 1.9 to 12.0, p <0.002). No significant differences in cause of @entity204 between @entity1 with an HR <or=90 or >90 beats/min existed. In conclusion, @entity299 @entity1 with an HR >90 beats/min within the first 3 months after @entity299 were 2.8 times more likely to die than @entity1 with an HR <or=90 beats/min. @entity1 with a net increase in HR were 4.7 times more likely to die than those whose HR did not change or decreased over time.

title: Usefulness of heart rate as an independent predictor for survival after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'heart transplantation']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart transplantation']


abstract: Thirty young crossbred steers were purchased from a @entity7545 in South Africa, shown to be serologically negative to Babesia bigemina/bovis and @entity38695 , and moved to an experimental farm where @entity743 and @entity52188 were known to be endemic. The animals were allowed to graze as a herd on tick-infested areas of the farm for 90 days from the beginning of April but were separated into three groups of 10 for treatment. One group received a prophylactic regime of two injections of 20 mg/kg of a long-acting @entity5385 on days 7 and 14 after introduction, one received a regime of three similar injections on days 7, 14 and 21 and the other group remained untreated prophylactically. The animals were observed early each morning in a crush, rectal temperatures being taken daily and blood smears when clinical signs of disease occurred. When clinical disease was confirmed in individual animals appropriate therapeutic treatment was implemented. In addition tick counts were made weekly. All untreated control animals required treatment for redwater between days 23 and 32 and eight of them then contracted @entity52188 of which five died despite therapy. Four animals from the group receiving two injections of @entity5385 and one receiving three injections also contracted redwater but rather later. During the initial 35 day assessment period it was noticed that the majority of Boophilus ticks failed to engorge on the @entity5385 -treated animals. In the second phase of the @entity12110 (T. mutans-type) became evident in many animals and appeared to precipitate new or recrudescent clinical redwater and @entity52188 in several of them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Development of a prophylactic regime using long-acting tetracycline for the control of redwater and XXXX in susceptible cattle moved into an endemic area.

entities_list: @entity12110 :: ('MESH:D013801', 'Disease') :: ['trial theileriosis']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity743 :: ('MESH:D001404', 'Disease') :: ['babesiosis']

entities_list: @entity52188 :: ('MESH:D006357', 'Disease') :: ['heartwater']

entities_list: @entity38695 :: ('779', 'Species') :: ['Cowdria ruminantium']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne disease-free farm']

answer: @entity52188 :: (MESH:D006357,Disease) :: ['heartwater']


abstract: The aim of this paper is to review the incidence and characteristics found in traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) occurring in @entity1 with long-standing @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). The incidence of @entity1 with traumatic @entity1566 admitted to our unit from January 1984 to February 1996 was 2% (15 out of 893). They were all @entity1 with a mean age of 56 years. Most frequently the etiology of the lesion was a motor vehicle accident and the injury was mainly due to a hyperextension mechanism. Acute @entity174 occurred in 13 @entity1 , all involving the cervical region. No @entity174 was observed in two @entity1 with thoracic neurological level. Three @entity1 presented with an interval free period of neurological symptoms in whom a @entity4282 was visualized with magnetic resonance imaging. On admission eight @entity1 were diagnosed as having complete @entity1566 and the other seven an incomplete @entity1566 . In the acute phase, @entity1576 were most frequent, causing six @entity1 to die. Treatment was conservative in 14 @entity1 . Multidisciplinary management of these @entity1 should be implemented in an institution equipped with both a @entity3510 Unit and an Intensive Care Unit.

title: Traumatic @entity1566 complicating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['spinal epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['spinal fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: During a 10-year period toxic megacolon occurred in 21 @entity1 out of 296 with @entity31 . The majority had a brief history, and half were over 40 years. A barium enema, which presumably may provoke dilatation of the colon, had been performed within the past week in 8 cases. The @entity31 involved the entire colon in 85%, whereas the dilatation affected predominantly the transverse segment. Fourteen @entity1 were on @entity134 medication when the dilatation developed. Operation was indicated in 20 @entity1 (colectomy with ileostomy and preserved rectum). Six @entity1 died postoperatively, half of @entity358 . Only one @entity204 occurred among 6 @entity1 with perforation of the colon. @entity260 arose in 80%. Both complication rate and mortality were independent of @entity134 medication. Mortality was lowest among @entity1 treated by a team of internists and surgeons specialized in gastroenterology. This was presumably due to an earlier recognition of the @entity384 , intensive medical treatment of severe attacks even before the dilatation had developed, and careful supervision for timing the operation, which should never be delayed in favour of attempts at @entity134 treatment.

title: Toxic megacolon in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['colonic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess in a prospective trial the feasibility and late @entity137 of hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) for @entity263 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible @entity1 had clinical stage T1c-2cNXM0 disease. They received 60 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks with intensity-modulated radiotherapy including daily on-line image guidance with intraprostatic fiducial markers. RESULTS: Between June 2001 and March 2004, 92 @entity1 were treated with hypofractionated RT. The cohort had a median prostate-specific antigen value of 7.06 ng/mL. The majority had Gleason grade 5-6 (38%) or 7 (59%) disease, and 82 @entity1 had T1c-T2a clinical staging. Overall, 29 @entity1 had low-risk, 56 intermediate-risk, and 7 high-risk disease. Severe acute @entity137 (Grade 3-4) was rare, occurring in only 1 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 38 months. According to the Phoenix definition for biochemical failure, the rate of biochemical control at 14 months was 97%. According to the previous American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology definition, biochemical control at 3 years was 76%. The incidence of late @entity137 was low, with no severe (Grade > or =3) @entity137 at the most recent assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated RT using 60 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks with image guidance is feasible and is associated with low rates of late @entity1494 . At early follow-up, biochemical outcome is comparable to that reported for conventionally fractionated controls. The findings are being tested in an ongoing, multicenter, Phase III trial.

title: Phase II trial of hypofractionated image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder and rectal toxicity']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PET with a double-head gamma camera (hybrid PET) is a new approach to @entity5 imaging with @entity419 . This study was conducted to clarify the feasibility of whole-body FDG hybrid PET in the staging of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) in comparison with PET with a dedicated camera (dedicated PET) and to compare the results of both FDG studies with those of CT and 67Ga scanning as @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ). METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity1893 were prospectively evaluated. The results of the imaging studies regarding detection of the sites involved and staging were compared with each other and with those of the reference standard based on the final overall clinical evaluation. RESULTS: Of the total of 206 sites, whole-body FDG hybrid PET and dedicated PET detected 159 sites (77.2%) and 179 sites (86.9%), respectively. Eighteen of the 20 sites missed by hybrid PET alone consisted of lesions < 1.5 cm. Both FDG studies provided concordant staging results in all but 2 @entity1 . @entity2996 , on the other hand, detected 164 (79.6%) of the 206 sites, 137 of which were also detected by hybrid PET. Hybrid PET detected an additional 22 sites not found by @entity2996 , whereas @entity2996 detected 27 additional sites. Hybrid PET and @entity2996 provided concordant staging results in 19 @entity1 . Hybrid PET correctly staged @entity1893 in 5 additional @entity1 , whereas @entity2996 correctly staged @entity1893 in only 1 additional @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Whole-body FDG hybrid PET appeared to be an accurate method of staging @entity1893 . Despite its poorer image quality compared with dedicated PET, hybrid PET provided @entity1893 staging results comparable with those of dedicated PET. Hybrid PET also yielded results comparable with those of @entity2996 . However, whole-body FDG hybrid PET is currently inadequate as a single modality for staging @entity1893 and is complementary to CT.

title: Whole-body hybrid PET with @entity419 in the staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['conventional imaging studies', 'CIS']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']