abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if blood @entity701 and cerebrospinal fluid @entity4545 levels correlate with prognosis following @entity159 . DESIGN: Twenty-seven adult @entity1 with @entity159 had blood @entity701 and cerebrospinal fluid @entity4545 levels measured within 12 hours after the cessation of clinical @entity410 . SETTING: @entity1 with @entity159 as well as @entity1 with @entity410 came from the @entity302 Program at the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond. @entity1 : Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity159 . Control @entity1 for the @entity701 study were @entity1 who had acute @entity410 who did not meet the criteria for @entity159 . The cerebrospinal fluid control subjects were @entity1 without @entity16 undergoing spinal anesthesia. OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical status of the @entity1 1 week after @entity159 as well as the Glascow Outcome Score and the Glascow @entity772 Score 1 week after @entity159 . RESULTS: The difference in blood @entity701 levels in @entity1 with @entity159 with poor prognosis was significantly different from both @entity1 with @entity410 (P < .001) and @entity1 with @entity159 with good prognosis (P < .01). Cerebrospinal fluid @entity4545 levels were elevated in @entity1 with @entity159 @entity1 vs control subjects (P < .05), but no significant difference was noted between the @entity1 with @entity159 with good and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity701 levels may provide a useful predictive indicator of prognosis in @entity159 and @entity701 level elevation may play a role in the pathophysiologic condition of @entity159 .

title: Serum @entity701 and cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphins in XXXX . Their possible relation to prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['non-status epilepticus seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: An immunoconjugate composed of natural interferon alpha (nIFN alpha) bound in a noncleavable fashion to a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing a breast epithelial membrane mucin (Mc5) was used to to treat xenografts of a @entity1 @entity189 cell line (MCF-7) growing in @entity19 . The immunoconjugate (nIFN alpha/Mc5) was administered as 20 intralesional (i.l.) injections to 1 of 2 xenografts in each animal. It was found that nIFN alpha/Mc5 produced a significant enhancement of the growth inhibitory actions of nIFN alpha on the injected @entity5 . Further enhancement was obtained when nIFN gamma or nIFN gamma together with Mc5 (at a dose 10 times larger than that present in nIFN alpha/Mc5) were added to the immunoconjugate. Biodistribution experiments showed that the uptake of 125I-nIFN alpha/Mc5 by the @entity5 was greater and its elimination slower than for 125I-nIFN alpha alone or conjugated to irrelevant mouse IgG1. In addition, the immunoconjugate up-regulated the antigenic expression of a breast epithelial membrane mucin by the @entity189 cells, an up-regulation which was not significantly different from that produced by nIFN alpha alone. The contralateral noninjected @entity5 exposed to systemic levels of the immunoconjugate showed an enhancement of antitumor effects, but to a lesser extent than the injected @entity5 . These findings suggest that the enhancement of the growth inhibitory action of the immunoconjugate was related to the specific binding of Mc5 which targeted the IFN to the @entity189 cells and impeded its elimination. It is likely that the targeting was favored by the IFN-mediated up-regulation of antigenic expression by the @entity189 cells, thereby producing a cascade of interrelated effects. The results of this study point out the feasibility and potential usefulness of IFN treatment by means of immunoconjugates as well as the worth of pursuing and improving this form of therapy.

title: The use of natural interferon alpha conjugated to a monoclonal antibody anti mammary epithelial mucin (Mc5) for the treatment of XXXX breast cancer xenografts.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Adult @entity1 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are multipotent cells, which are abundant, easily collected, and bypass the ethical concerns that plague embryonic stem cells. Their utility and accessibility have led to the rapid development of clinical investigations to explore their autologous and allogeneic cellular-based regenerative potential, tissue preservation capabilities, anti-inflammatory properties, and anticancer properties, among others. hAMSCs are typically cultured under ambient conditions with 21% @entity26 . However, physiologically, hAMSCs exist in an environment of much lower @entity26 tension. Furthermore, hAMSCs cultured in standard conditions have shown limited proliferative and migratory capabilities, as well as limited viability. This study investigated the effects hypoxic culture conditions have on primary intraoperatively derived hAMSCs. hAMSCs cultured under @entity519 (hAMSCs-H) remained multipotent, capable of differentiation into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. In addition, hAMSCs-H grew faster and exhibited less cell death. Furthermore, hAMSCs-H had greater motility than normoxia-cultured hAMSCs and exhibited greater homing ability to @entity463 ( @entity463 ) derived from @entity1313 -initiating cells from our @entity1 in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, hAMSCs-H did not transform into @entity5 -associated fibroblasts in vitro and were not tumorigenic in vivo. Rather, hAMSCs-H promoted the differentiation of @entity1313 cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest an alternative culturing technique that can enhance the function of hAMSCs, which may be necessary for their use in the treatment of various pathologies including @entity64 , @entity583 , @entity746 , and @entity463 .

title: XXXX -cultured @entity1 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are non-oncogenic and have enhanced viability, motility, and tropism to @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Measurement of the percentage of free @entity1486 (%FPSA) in serum can improve the specificity of @entity263 screening. We evaluated the ability of %FPSA to predict pathologic features of screen-detected clinically localized @entity263 . METHODS: We evaluated the correlation between %FPSA in serum before @entity5 diagnosis and the pathologic features of the @entity5 detected in 108 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 who were treated with radical prostatectomy and for whom complete embedding of the radical prostatectomy specimen was performed. Ninety-seven @entity1 (90%) had a previous negative screening evaluation @entity263 was detected. RESULTS: There was a negative correlation of %FPSA with penetration of @entity5 through the prostatic capsule, cancerous surgical margins, Gleason score, percentage of @entity5 in the gland, and @entity5 volume (r = -0.2 to -0.4). After controlling for other preoperative predictors, %FPSA predicted capsular penetration (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 2.4, for each 5% decrease in %FPSA) and @entity5 volume 0.5 cc or greater (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.3). Preoperative %FPSA also predicted possibly harmless @entity5 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.2, for each 5% increase in %FPSA). CONCLUSIONS: In a select group of @entity1 for whom @entity5 was detected early via screening, a lower %FPSA in serum suggests a potentially more threatening @entity5 . This information may aid @entity1 and clinicians in making more informed decisions about the management of @entity263 , such as selecting @entity1 for watchful waiting. However, more research is needed to determine the performance characteristics of %FPSA in clinical practice.

title: Percentage of free serum @entity1486 as a predictor of pathologic features of XXXX in a screening population.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'before prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of extremity saving surgery and reconstruction with a scapular prosthesis in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: Seven @entity1 (1 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ; mean age 53 years; range 39 to 75 years) underwent partial or total scapulectomy followed by reconstruction with fibular autograft (n=1) or a scapular prosthesis (n=6) for bone or soft tissue scapular @entity5 . Latissimus dorsi muscle flap was used for the reconstruction of soft tissues. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were used depending on the primary pathology. Functional evaluations were made using the scores of the @entity85 Society (MSTS). The mean follow-up period was 35 months (range 18 to 53 months). RESULTS: No major surgical complications occurred in the early postoperative period. Two @entity1 died due to distant @entity3 . One @entity1 was lost to follow-up in the second year. The first @entity1 of the series in whom an unconstrained prosthesis was used had severe instability. Overall, despite some limitation in the movements of the shoulder (active shoulder abduction: 20 degrees -90 degrees ), elbow and hand functions were near-normal. The mean MSTS functional score was 22 (range 18 to 25); four @entity1 had good or very good results. The results were more satisfactory (abduction: 45 degrees -90 degrees , mean MSTS score 24) in @entity1 with well-controlled primary disease and in whom a constrained prosthesis was used. CONCLUSION: Stability and function can be increased with limb salvage surgery, reconstruction of the scapular triangle with a prosthesis, and re-attachment of preserved muscles to the new scapular body.

title: [Extremity saving surgery and reconstruction for XXXX of the scapula].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['scapula tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined surgical trends for @entity957 ( @entity957 ) from 1998 to 2012, with a post-2009 focus coinciding with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of transoral robotic surgery (TORS). METHODS: Using the National @entity5 Data Base, the study analyzed 84,449 @entity1 with  stage I-IVB @entity957 .    (2) tests and logistic regression models were used to examine surgical trends. RESULTS: The use of surgery decreased from 41.4  % in 1998 to 30.4  % in 2009 (p  <  0.001). The surgical trends reversed and in 2012 increased to 34.8  % (p  <  0.001). There was much variation in surgery in 2012 between American Joint Committee on @entity5 stages, with 80.2  % of stage I @entity1 receiving surgery compared with 54.0  % of stage II @entity1 , 36.8  % of stage III @entity1 , and 28.5  % of stage IV @entity1 (p  <  0.001). Black @entity1 with high @entity159 ( @entity159 ) showed lower use of surgery (25.3  %) compared to low @entity159 white (32.3  %) and low @entity159 Hispanic @entity1 (27.3  %) (p  <  0.001). The highest surgical rates were noted in the West North Central region and lowest rates were observed in the New England and South Atlantic regions. Between 2009 and 2012, independent predictors of surgical treatment included young age, female gender, white or Hispanic race, high @entity159 , private insurance, academic hospitals, hospitals in the West North Central region, residence more than 75 miles from the hospital, increasing comorbidities, stage I disease, and tonsil origin (all p  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: Since FDA approval of TORS in 2009, surgical rates have increased with multiple socioeconomic and regional factors affecting @entity1 selection. This study provides a basis for further investigation into factors involved in decision making for @entity957 @entity1 .

title: A Contemporary Analysis of Surgical Trends in the Treatment of XXXX of the Oropharynx from 1998 to 2012: A Report from the National @entity5 Database.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPC', 'oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fatigue is a multidimensional symptom that is described in terms of perceived energy, mental capacity, and psychological status: it can impair daily functioning and lead to negative effects on quality of life. It is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In recent studies, @entity6211 (LC) supplementation has been demonstrated to be able to improve @entity5815 in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: In the present study we tested the efficacy and safety of LC supplementation in a population of @entity1 who had advanced @entity5 and developed @entity1295 , high blood levels of reactive @entity26 species, or both. As outcome measures we evaluated @entity1295 and quality of life in relation to oxidative stress, nutritional status, and laboratory variables, mainly levels of reactive @entity26 species, @entity2041 peroxidase, and proinflammatory cytokines. From March to July 2004, 12 @entity1 who had advanced @entity5 (50% at stage IV) at different sites were enrolled (male-to-female ratio 2:10, mean age 60 y, range 42-73). @entity1 were only slightly anemic (hemoglobin 10.9 g/dL) and hemoglobin levels did not change after treatment. LC was administered orally at 6 g/d for 4 wk. All patients underwent antineoplastic treatment during LC supplementation. RESULTS: Fatigue, as measured by the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form, decreased significantly, particularly for the General and Physical scales, and for quality of life in each subscale of quality of life in relation to oxidative stress. Nutritional variables (lean body mass and appetite) increased significantly after LC supplementation. Levels of reactive @entity26 species decreased and @entity2041 peroxidase increased but not significantly. Proinflammatory cytokines did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: Improvement of symptoms with respect to @entity1295 and quality of life in relation to oxidative stress may be explained mainly by an increase in lean body mass, which may be considered the most important nutritional or functional parameter in assessing the cachectic state of @entity1 . In this view, @entity1295 with related symptoms can well be considered an important constituent of @entity5 -related @entity3085 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX administration on @entity1295 , nutritional status, oxidative stress, and related quality of life in 12 advanced @entity5 patients undergoing anticancer therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['l-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3085 :: ('MESH:D002100', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia cachexia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue symptoms']

answer: @entity6211 :: (MESH:D002331,Chemical) :: ['l-carnitine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 's awareness can be reduced during ultrasound guided nerve block for inguinal herniorraphy with @entity1875 sedation. The study was aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of direct visualization of anatomy of inguinal region by ultrasound and benefits of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After approval, 40 adult male consented @entity1 of ASA grade I-III of 18-58 years with body mass index <25 were randomized into two groups of 20 @entity1 each. A high frequency (8-13 MHz) linear transducer was used to perform the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves (ILHN and ILIN) block between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles with 20 mL of 0.75% @entity1342 . The @entity1875 infusion rate for sedation in @entity1 of group I (non-BIS) was managed clinically and in @entity1 of group II (BIS) was managed with BIS index of 65-75. Any surgical or anesthetic complications were recorded. The two groups were compared by evaluating the @entity1875 consumption during surgery. RESULTS: Ultrasonographic visualization of the ILHN and ILIN was possible in all @entity1 and inguinal herniorraphy was performed uneventfully. The mean dose of @entity1875 required for sedation was 5.45 mg/kg/h in @entity1 of group I (non-BIS) while 4.92 mg/kg/h in @entity1 of group II (BIS). The mean @entity1875 consumption was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). All @entity1 were hemodynamically stable and there was no @entity1576 during @entity1875 sedation. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography has facilitated the clinically effective nerve block for inguinal herniorraphy and BIS monitoring has ensured @entity2730 and faster emergence.

title: Bispectral index monitoring of XXXX sedation during ultrasound guided nerve block for inguinal herniorraphy: A randomized prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: Valerian is a medicinal herb that produces anxiolytic and sedative effects. It was suggested that valerian acts via @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )ergic mechanisms. Previous studies showed binding of valerian extract to @entity1246 receptors, but the functional effect of the binding has not been demonstrated. In this study we evaluated the GABAergic effect of valerian extract and one of its major constituents, @entity55419 , on brainstem neuronal activity in an in vitro neonatal @entity35 brainstem preparation. We first observed that @entity6341 , a @entity1246 (A) receptor agonist, decreased the firing rate in most brainstem neurons in a concentration-related fashion; 30 micro M produced a 38.9% +/- 3.0% (mean +/- SE) inhibition compared with control values (P < 0.01; 50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], 2.0 +/- 0.1 microM). This effect was antagonized by @entity1027 (10 microM), a @entity1246 (A) antagonist. Then we showed that valerian extract 3 mg/mL induced a 29.6% +/- 5.1% inhibition with an IC(50) of 240 +/- 18.7 microg/mL, whereas 100 microM @entity55419 induced a 22.2% +/- 3.4% inhibition with an IC(50) of 23 +/- 2.6 microM (both P < 0.01). Bicuculline antagonized the inhibitory effects of both the valerian extract and @entity55419 . In addition, pretreatment with valerian extract or @entity55419 decreased the brainstem inhibitory effects produced by @entity6341 (both P < 0.05), suggesting that these compounds play an important role in the regulation of GABAergic activity. Data from this study suggest that the pharmacological effects of valerian extract and @entity55419 are mediated through modulation of @entity1246 (A) receptor function. Thus, valerian may potentiate the sedative effects of anesthetics and other medications that act on @entity1246 receptors, and presurgical valerian use may cause a valerian-anesthetic interaction. IMPLICATIONS: Valerian is an herb used in treating @entity148 and @entity22 . We observed that the valerian effects are mediated through brain @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) receptors in a @entity35 brainstem preparation. Thus, valerian may potentiate the effects of anesthetics that act on @entity1246 receptors, and presurgical valerian use may cause a valerian-anesthetic interaction.

title: The gamma-aminobutyric acidergic effects of valerian and XXXX on @entity35 brainstem neuronal activity.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity55419 :: ('MESH:C037133', 'Chemical') :: ['valerenic acid']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity55419 :: (MESH:C037133,Chemical) :: ['valerenic acid']


abstract: Late @entity65 after operative repair of @entity1498 include systemic @entity101 , premature @entity453 , @entity886 , @entity449 , and recoarctation. We report the outcome in 274 subjects greater-than-or-equal50 years after @entity1498 repair. Operative repair of simple @entity1498 was performed on 274 @entity1 at the University of Minnesota Hospital between 1948 and 1976. Twenty @entity1 (7%) died in the immediate postoperative period. Of the 254 survivors, 2 were lost to follow-up, 45 (18%) died at a mean age of 34 years, and 207 (81%) were alive greater-than-or-equal50 years after the original operation. @entity453 and perioperative @entity204 at the time of a second cardiac operation accounted for 17 of the 45 late @entity204 . Predictors of survival were age at operation and blood pressure at the first postoperative visit. Of the 207 long-term survivors, 92 (48%) participated in a clinical cardiovascular evaluation. Thirty-two of the 92 subjects had systemic @entity101 that was predicted by age at operation, blood pressure at the first postoperative visit, and paradoxic @entity101 at operative repair. New @entity65 detected at follow-up evaluation included evidence of a previous @entity583 , @entity296 , @entity955 , moderate to severe @entity3585 , moderate @entity337 , recoarctation, and ascending @entity384 . Thus, long-term survival is significantly affected by age at operation, with the lowest mortality rates observed in @entity1 who underwent surgery between 1 and 5 years of age. More than 1/3 of the survivors developed significant late @entity65 .

title: Long-term follow-up of XXXX after @entity1498 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilation']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities', 'cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have used @entity1 apolipoprotein cDNAs as hybridization probes to study the relative abundance and distribution of apolipoprotein mRNAs in @entity95 tissues by RNA blotting analysis. The tissues surveyed included liver, intestine, lung, pancreas, spleen, stomach, skeletal muscle, testis, heart, kidney, adrenal, aorta, and brain. We found that liver is the sole or major site of synthesis of @entity3294 , @entity15783 , @entity755 , @entity45925 , @entity8623 , @entity12436 , and @entity2204 , and the intestine is a major site of synthesis of @entity1675 , @entity15783 , and @entity755 . Minor sites of apolipoprotein mRNA synthesis were as follows: @entity1675 , liver and skeletal muscle; @entity15783 , spleen and lung; @entity755 , kidney; @entity8623 and @entity12436 , intestine. @entity2204 mRNA was detected in all tissues surveyed with the exception of skeletal muscle. Sites with moderate @entity2204 mRNA (10% of the liver value) were lung, brain, spleen, stomach, and testis. All @entity95 mRNAs had forms with sizes comparable to their @entity1 counterparts. In addition, hybridization of hepatic and intestinal RNA with @entity1 @entity15783 and @entity755 probes produced a second hybridization band of approximately 2.4 and 8 kb, respectively. Similarly, hybridization of @entity95 intestinal RNA with @entity1 @entity8623 produced a hybridization band of 1.8 kb. The 8 kb @entity755 mRNA form may correspond to the @entity755 mRNA, whereas the @entity15783 - and @entity8623 -related mRNA species have not been described previously. This study provides a comprehensive survey of the sites of apolipoprotein gene expression and shows numerous differences in both the abundance and the tissue distribution of several apolipoprotein mRNAs between @entity95 and @entity1 tissues. These findings and the observation of potentially new apolipoprotein mRNA species are important for our understanding of the cis and trans acting factors that confer tissue specificity as well as factors that regulate the expression of apolipoprotein genes in different @entity1 species.

title: Apolipoprotein gene expression in the XXXX : abundance, size, and distribution of apolipoprotein mRNA species in different tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To link ischaemia, left ventricular (LV) untwisting and changes in filling pressure during @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study at rest and at peak dobutamine stress. SETTING: Academic medical centre. @entity1 : @entity1 who had undergone routine DSE between January and September 2009. METHODS: Routine DSE was combined with measurement of transmitral pulsed-wave Doppler, myocardial tissue Doppler and speckle-tracking echocardiography at baseline and peak dose in 110 @entity1 (51 @entity1 , 62  12 years). Untwisting rates (proto-diastolic and during isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT)) were measured by speckle tracking. Raised filling pressure was defined as E/e'>15. DSE studies were classified into normal, ischaemic or scar responses, independent of E/e'. MAIN OUTCOMES: Echocardiographic outcomes. RESULTS: @entity1 were categorised in three groups: group 1 (n=44), normal resting and peak E/e'; group 2 (n=33), normal resting E/e' but raised peak E/e'; group 3 (n=33), abnormal resting E/e'. Risk factors and resting ejection fraction were similar in each group. Proto-diastolic untwisting rate was an independent predictor of raised filling pressure at peak stress (r(2)=0.3, p=0.03). An abnormal filling response during DSE was independently predicted by resting untwisting rate (UTR)-IVRT (p=0.003), and resting E/a (p=0.0001) (model pseudo-r(2)=0.76). Proto-diastolic UTR was lower in the ischaemic and scar groups at peak. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with abnormal filling pressure response have an impaired LV untwisting rate during isovolumic relaxation. This phenomenon supports the role of impaired LV suction as the mediator of the effect of @entity296 during DSE on filling pressure response to stress.

title: Effects of XXXX on left ventricular untwist and filling pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of the @entity3840 -selective inhibitor @entity17852 with the nonselective NSAID @entity1623 and with placebo in treating severe @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: This 12-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the efficacy and tolerability of @entity17852 10 mg QD (n = 170) or @entity1623 500 mg @entity5353 (n = 167) with placebo (n = 171) in treating the signs and symptoms of severe @entity309 . Study @entity1 were aged >or=18 years and were diagnosed as having @entity309 for >or=6 months that was stable due to a treatment regimen. Severe @entity309 was defined as a physician's and @entity1 's global assessment of disease activity of fair, poor, or very poor at baseline; >or=6 tender or @entity158 joints; >or=3 swollen joints; >or=45 minutes of morning stiffness; a visual analog scale @entity158 rating of >or=40 mm; or increases since baseline in these measures. Efficacy outcome measures included the percentage of @entity1 achieving an American College of Rheumatology Responder Index 20% (ACR-20) at weeks 1, 6 and 12. Adverse events (AEs) were graded by the investigator as mild, moderate, or severe at weeks 1, 6, and 12. RESULTS: Of the 508 @entity1 randomized, 340 completed the study. The study groups were comparable for age, ethnic origin, weight, height, and concomitant medications, but the @entity1623 group had significantly more @entity1 (29% [49/167]) than the @entity17852 (18% [31/170]) and placebo (16% [27/171]) groups. The percentage of @entity1 achieving an ACR-20 response was significantly greater in the @entity17852 and @entity1623 treatment groups (58.8% [100/170] and 60.8% [101/166], respectively) than in the placebo group (39.6% [67/169]) at week 12 (both, P < 0.001). The percentage of @entity1 achieving an ACR-20 response was significantly greater in the @entity1623 group than in the placebo group at both week 1 (53.6% [89/166] vs 37.9% [64/169]; P = 0.003) and week 6 (64.5% [107/166] vs 46.7% [79/169]; P = 0.001), and in the @entity17852 group compared with placebo at week 1 (52.9% [90/170]; P = 0.008) but not at week 6. @entity1 in the @entity17852 and @entity1623 groups had significantly improved efficacy compared with placebo in most of the other secondary assessments of @entity32 , @entity158 , and function. The incidence of AEs was similar in all groups ( @entity17852 , 54.1% [92/170]; @entity1623 , 55.4% [92/166]; and placebo, 52.9% [90/170]). CONCLUSION: @entity17852 10 mg QD administered over 12 weeks was significantly better than placebo and similar to @entity1623 500 mg @entity5353 in treating the signs and symptoms of severe @entity309 in these @entity1 .

title: Efficacy and tolerability of XXXX in treating the signs and symptoms of severe @entity309 : a 12-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17852 :: ('MESH:C406224', 'Chemical') :: ['valdecoxib', 'Valdecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity17852 :: (MESH:C406224,Chemical) :: ['valdecoxib']


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate validity of transthoracic ultrasonography in diagnosis and evaluation of the results of initial surgical therapy of acute @entity4327 . The study included 49 @entity1 with II stage acute @entity4327 . Initial surgical tretament was indicated according to CT and transthoracic ultrasonography findings. Evaluation of initial therapy results has been made by transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS). Clinical significance of standard x-ray, CT and TUS in different stages of diagnostic and therapeutic procedure has been analyzed. Chest drainage was initial treatment in 10 (20.4%) @entity1 , thoracentesis in 39 (79.6%). Complete cure with this two methods was achieved in 22 (44.9%) @entity1 . In 27 (55.1%) @entity1 initial treatment failed. TUS was sufficient for adequate estimate of initial treatment results in 41 (83.6%). Additional CT was indicated in 8 (16.3%) @entity1 . Transthoracic ultrasonography has impotrant role in choice of initial surgical therapy of acute @entity4327 . If initial estimate of therapy results is made by TUS, CT is rarely necessary.

title: [Transthoracic ultrasonography in diagnosis and treatment of acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyema']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4327 :: (MESH:D016724,Disease) :: ['pleural empyema']


abstract: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) represent an enigmatic group of lesions of uncertain phenotype and biologic potential. Although earlier studies suggested smooth muscle cells, schwann cells, or neuronal differentiation, more recent evidence indicates that these @entity5 show phenotypic features that are similar to the interstitial cells of Cajal. Recently, investigators have begun to evaluate these lesions in a site-specific manner and have found that, in addition to morphologic differences between them, their biologic behavior also appears to be linked to their anatomic location. Many of these studies have emphasized the histologic and immunophenotypic features of @entity674 in relation to their sites of origin, however, their site-specific ultrastructural characteristics have received little attention in the literature. In this study, we evaluated 34 @entity674 (15 gastric, 12 small intestinal, 4 colonic, and 3 omental) for a variety of ultrastructural features in an effort to identify site-specific similarities and differences. @entity5 predominantly composed of epithelioid cells were more commonly seen in gastric (60%) and omental (67%) @entity5 than in those of the small intestine (33%) and colon (0%). Cytoplasmic filaments and intercellular junctions were commonly seen in @entity5 from all locations, the filaments frequently forming paranuclear aggregates in the epithelioid cells. @entity5 from all sites were composed of cells with surface filopodia and interdigitating cell processes, but in @entity5 of the stomach and omentum the filopodia were usually short and minimally intertwined, whereas those of small and large intestinal @entity674 were characteristically long and complex. Basal lamina, though poorly formed, was present only in @entity5 of gastric and omental origin (13% and 67%, respectively). Pinocytotic vesicles were also seen in @entity5 from these sites (33% of @entity356 and 67% of @entity75 ) as well as those of the small intestine (17%) and the colon (25%). None of the @entity356 had microtubules; they were, however, seen in small intestinal (33%) and colonic (25%) @entity5 . Skenoid fibers were seen in 33% of small intestinal @entity674 and 1 metastatic @entity356 . Overall, @entity356 have better developed features of myogenic differentiation and have blunt filopodia and minimally intertwined cell processes. Indeed, these 2 groups are indistinguishable ultrastructurally, raising the possibility that the genesis of omental @entity674 is similar to that of gastric @entity5 . Small intestinal @entity5 have characteristic interdigitating cell processes and numerous elongate filopodia-like structures harboring intercellular junctions as well as microtubules and extracellular skenoid fibers. The constituent cells in colonic @entity5 , while more reminiscent of small intestinal stromal, were frequently more primitive in appearance. In conclusion, @entity674 from different anatomic locations share many overlapping ultrastructural characteristics; however, a few features are distinctive. It is hoped that these findings will aid in their recognition and contribute to the classification of this heterogeneous group of @entity5 .

title: XXXX : an ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'stromal tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['omental lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and omental tumors', 'gastric tumors', 'gastric or omental tumors', 'gastric GIST']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the prognostic value of immunogenetic markers in early @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Ninety-nine @entity1 with definite @entity309 and disease duration 24 months or less were followed with standardized assessment. Disability was assessed by the HAQ index and radiographic changes in hands and feet by the Larsen method. The frequencies of HLA-DR genes were determined by serological typing, Gm allotype distribution by classical hemagglutination inhibition test, and occurrence of anti-Gm allotypes by use of anti-Rh coats. The immunogenetic findings were related to disease severity after 2 years' followup. RESULTS: Functional capacity was well preserved, disease activity was less, but radiographic changes in hands and feet had increased considerably at study finish. A group of 13 @entity1 had developed rapidly progressive changes of hip and/or shoulder joints, all requiring arthroplasty. There was a significantly increased frequency of HLA-DR4. Twenty-seven of the 68 HLA-DR4 positive @entity1 were putatively homozygous. HLA-DR4 was not related to disability or to severe small joint destruction. However, progressive @entity16 was significantly more prevalent in homozygous @entity1 (p < 0.01). Gm allotype distribution was normal and not related to clinical findings. Anti-Gm antibodies were common and frequently specific for nonhost Gm allotype. Fifty-six patients carried anti-G1m(a), and occurrence of this antibody was significantly associated with radiographic progression of small joints (p = 0.01), presence of nodules (p < 0.01) and number of active joints (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Immunogenetic markers aided in identifying @entity1 with early @entity309 with more severe disease.

title: HLA-DR antigens, Gm allotypes and antiallotypes in early XXXX --their relation to disease progression.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['large joint damage']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The effects of intrathecally administered (i.t.) @entity3897 , @entity5217 , a blocker of @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels, or @entity1510 on the antinociception produced by i.t. @entity5402 or @entity1286 were observed in @entity35 by tail-flick (TF) test. The results showed that: (1) i.t. @entity5402 produced a dose-dependent antinociception and it could be antagonized by i.t. @entity3897 ; (2) the antinociception produced by i.t. @entity5402 could be blocked dose-dependently by i.t. @entity5217 or i.t. @entity1510 ; (3) the antinociception produced by i.t. @entity1286 could be blocked dose-dependently by i.t. @entity5217 , but not by i.t. @entity3897 . The results suggest that the antinociception produced by activation of muscarinic receptors at the spinal level might be mediated by endogenous opioids and @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels in a cascade form.

title: Involvement of endogenous opioids and @entity855 -sensitive XXXX channels in the mediation of @entity5402 -induced antinociception at the spinal level: a behavioral study in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a measurement of variability in circulating erythrocytes size, and has recently been shown to correlate with prognosis in a variety of @entity1 diseases, including acute and chronic @entity712 . OBJECTIVES: To determine if RDW differs between healthy controls, @entity468 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) without @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and @entity468 with @entity1121 and @entity712 , and to evaluate whether RDW values at presentation can provide useful prognostic information in @entity468 with @entity1121 . ANIMALS: Retrospective single-centre study. Seventy-three @entity468 diagnosed with @entity1121 by echocardiography and 30 healthy controls presented to a veterinary teaching hospital between October 2006 and April 2013 were included. Physical examination, haematology and echocardiographic data obtained on one single visit were retrospectively reviewed and compared between three groups: controls, @entity468 with @entity1121 without @entity712 , and @entity468 with @entity1121 and @entity712 . Outcome data were obtained from clinical records or referring veterinarians. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed. RESULTS: Red blood cell distribution width was significantly greater in @entity468 with @entity1121 and @entity712 compared with @entity468 with @entity1121 without @entity712 , and the controls. It was also significantly associated with cardiac mortality in univariable survival analysis, and this association remained significant in multivariable survival analysis after controlling for the effect of @entity712 , left atrial size, left ventricular systolic function, haematocrit and pro-thrombotic state. CONCLUSIONS: A higher RDW may be seen in @entity468 with @entity712 and is an independent predictor of @entity204 in @entity468 with @entity1121 without concurrent non-cardiac-related illness.

title: Evaluation of red blood cell distribution width in @entity468 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) @entity1 may suffer from poor sleep and health-related quality of life. We hypothesized that disturbed sleep in @entity1030 is correlated with quality of life. METHODS: In 180 @entity1 with @entity1030 (forced expired volume in 1 second [FEV(1)] 47.6    15.2% predicted, 77.8% male, aged 65.9    11.7 years), we administered general (Health Utilities Index 3) and disease-specific (St George's Respiratory) questionnaires and an index of disturbed sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). RESULTS: Overall scores indicated poor general (Health Utilities Index 3: 0.52    0.38), disease- specific (St George's: 57.0    21.3) quality of life and poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh 11.0    5.4). Sleep time correlated with the number of respiratory and @entity148 reported at night. Seventy-seven percent of the @entity1 had Pittsburg scores >5, and the median Pittsburgh score was 12. On multivariate regression, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was an independent predictor of both the Health Utilities Index 3 and the St George's scores, accounting for 3% and 5%, respectively, of the scores. Only approximately 25% of the @entity1 demonstrated @entity25 (Epworth Sleepiness Scale >9). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity1030 suffer disturbed sleep. Sleep quality was correlated with general and disease-specific quality of life. Only a minority of @entity1030 @entity1 complain of being sleepy.

title: Sleep quality predicts quality of life in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['excessive sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the clinical data, imaging findings, and intermediate outcomes of a series of @entity1 with @entity548 after treatment for @entity5 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records and imaging examinations of 20 pediatric @entity1 (ages 1 to 15 years) with @entity5 in whom delayed @entity932 developed after cranial irradiation or radiation combined with systemic or intrathecal chemotherapy. @entity1 with @entity932 from other identifiable causes were excluded. Histopathologic analysis was available in four @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 with delayed @entity932 received cranial irradiation alone (n = 9) or combined radiation and chemotherapy (n = 11) for primary @entity1313 (n = 13), @entity1778 (n = 6), or @entity706 (n = 1). Imaging findings were consistent with @entity548 of varying ages. The @entity548 were not associated with @entity5 recurrence nor second @entity5 . Except for location of the @entity548 , no significant relationship was established between outcome and original diagnosis, radiation dose (range, 1800 to 6000 centigray), chemotherapeutic agent or dosage, age at treatment, or interval between therapy and @entity548 (mean, 8.1 years). Only brain stem @entity548 was associated with a poor outcome. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity149 who have undergone cranial irradiation, or radiation combined with chemotherapy, delayed @entity932 may develop.

title: @entity548 after treatment of XXXX in childhood: diagnosis and follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic vasculopathy', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system neoplasia']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['central nervous system neoplasia']


abstract: @entity2704 is a disabling @entity75 involving abnormal trigeminovascular activation and sensitization. Fasting or skipping meals is considered a @entity2704 trigger and altered fasting @entity413 and insulin levels have been observed in migraineurs. Therefore peptides involved in appetite and @entity413 regulation including insulin, glucagon and leptin could potentially influence @entity2704 neurobiology. We aimed to determine the effect of insulin (10U  kg(-1)), glucagon (100 g  200 l(-1)) and leptin (0.3, 1 and 3mg  kg(-1)) signaling on trigeminovascular nociceptive processing at the level of the trigeminocervical-complex and @entity2339 . Male @entity35 were anesthetized and prepared for craniovascular stimulation. In vivo electrophysiology was used to determine changes in trigeminocervical neuronal responses to dural electrical stimulation, and phosphorylated @entity2508 (pERK1/2) immunohistochemistry to determine trigeminocervical and hypothalamic neural activity; both in response to intravenous administration of insulin, glucagon, leptin or vehicle control in combination with blood @entity413 analysis. Blood @entity413 levels were significantly decreased by insulin (p<0.001) and leptin (p<0.01) whereas glucagon had the opposite effect (p<0.001). @entity528 in the trigeminocervical-complex was significantly inhibited by insulin (p<0.001), glucagon (p<0.05) and leptin (p<0.01). Trigeminocervical-complex pERK1/2 cell expression was significantly decreased by insulin and leptin (both p<0.001), and increased by glucagon (p<0.001), when compared to vehicle control. However, only leptin affected pERK1/2 expression in the @entity2339 , significantly decreasing pERK1/2 immunoreactive cell expression in the arcuate nucleus (p<0.05). These findings demonstrate that insulin, glucagon and leptin can alter the transmission of trigeminal nociceptive inputs. A potential neurobiological link between @entity2704 and impaired metabolic homeostasis may occur through disturbed @entity413 regulation and a transient @entity1640 .

title: Neuroendocrine signaling modulates specific neural networks relevant to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2508 :: ('50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorder']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'Migraine']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Dural-evoked neuronal firing']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: The title compounds, C17H20O2 (1) and C17H18O2 (2), are @entity9084 -ated caged compounds. In (1), the @entity505 atoms bearing the @entity9084 groups are far apart [2.9417   (17)     ], hence the expected @entity6044 ( @entity6044 ) protocol failed to give a ring-closing product. When these @entity505 atoms are connected by a C-C bond as in (2), the distance between them is much smaller [1.611   (3)     ] and consequently the @entity6044 process was successful. The caged @entity505 skeleton of (1) can be described as a fusion of four five-membered rings and one six-membered ring. All four five-membered rings exhibit envelope conformations. The structure of compound (2) consists of four five-membered rings, of which two are @entity27908 rings bonded at the 2, 4 and 5 positions and linked at the 3-carbons by a @entity5498 -ene bridge. It also consists of one four-membered and two six-membered rings. All four five-membered rings adopt envelope conformations. In the crystal of (1), mol-ecules are linked via C-H   O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to (010). In the crystal of (2), mol-ecules are linked via C-H   O @entity3884 bonds forming chains along [100].

title: Crystal structures of 3,6-di-allyl-tetra-cyclo[6.3.0.0(4,11).0(5,9)]undeca-2,7-dione and 1,7-di-allyl-penta-cyclo-[5.4.0.0(2,6). 0(3,10).0(5,9)]undecane-8,11-dione: XXXX -ated caged compounds.

entities_list: @entity27908 :: ('MESH:C007201', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclo-penta-none']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity6044 :: ('MESH:D005596', 'Disease') :: ['ring-closing metathesis', 'RCM']

answer: @entity9084 :: (CHEBI:30361,Chemical) :: ['allyl']


abstract: @entity7868 as oral malodour is an unpleasant odour caused by volatile @entity599 compounds (VSCs). VSCs are produced primarily by anaerobic bacteria that abundantly produce proteinase as trypsin-like enzyme. General therapies, such as mouthwash and plaque control, do not provide a continuous effect on @entity7868 . @entity5858 is a probiotic bacterium that is beneficial for @entity1 health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity5859 on @entity2523 -producing VSCs and to analyze the inhibitory mechanism of halitosis. @entity2523 was cultured with or without @entity5859 , and the emission of VSCs from the spent culture medium was measured by gas chromatography. In order to analyze the inhibitory effect, the antibacterial activity of @entity5859 against @entity2523 was assessed. After the spent culture medium or whole bacterial of @entity5859 was mixed with the spent culture medium of @entity2523 , VSCs were again measured by gas chromatograph. When @entity5859 and @entity2523 were co-cultivated, VSCs were present at a lower level than those of single-cultured @entity2523 . @entity5859 inhibited growth of @entity2523 , and the whole bacteria and the spent culture medium of @entity5859 reduced emission of VSCs gas. @entity5859 may reduce oral malodour by inhibition of @entity2523 growth and neutralizing VSCs with their metabolites or themselves.

title: Effects of @entity5858 on volatile XXXX compounds produced by @entity2523 .

entities_list: @entity7868 :: ('MESH:D006209', 'Disease') :: ['oral halitosis', 'Halitosis']

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Species') :: ['S. thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate detection rate and anatomical location of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) at lymphoscintigraphy, to compare short and long lymphoscintigraphy protocols, and to correlate lymphoscintigraphic and surgical mapping of @entity1600 in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). METHODS: Subanalysis of the prospective multicenter study Senti-endo performed from July 2007 to August 2009. @entity1 with stage I and II @entity1204 received four cervical injections of 0-2  mL of unfiltered @entity1136 sulphur colloid the day before (long protocol) or the morning (short protocol) before surgery. @entity1600 detection used a combined @entity1136 /patent blue labeling technique, and all @entity1 had a systematic bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: A total of 133 @entity1 were enrolled in the study and 118 (94.5  %) underwent a lymphoscintigraphy. Of these 118 @entity1 , 44 (37  %) underwent a short protocol and 66 (56  %) a long protocol (data on lymphoscintigraphy were not available in eight @entity1 ). Lymphoscintigraphic detection rate was 74.6  % (34  % for short protocol and 60.2  % for long protocol). No difference in the detection rate was observed according to lymphoscintigraphy protocol (p  =  0.22), but a higher number of @entity1600 was noted for the long protocol (p  =  0.02). Aberrant drainage was noted on lymphoscintigraphy in 30.5  % of the @entity1 . Paraaortic SLNs were exclusively detected using the long protocol. A poor correlation was noted between short (k test  =  0.24) or long lymphoscintigraphy (k test  =  0.3) protocol and @entity1600 surgical mapping. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that preoperative lymphoscintigraphy allowed a high @entity1600 detection rate and that long lymphoscintigraphy protocol was associated with a higher detection of aberrant drainage especially in the paraaortic area.

title: Contribution of Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in XXXX with Early Stage Endometrial Cancer: Results of the SENTI-ENDO Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'EC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of histopathological underestimation of @entity0 after vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) in standardized assessment of breast @entity730 compared to postsurgical diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study included acquired data of 506 consecutively examined @entity1 , who underwent VAB for the assessment of pure @entity730 after standardized digital mammographic and sonographic imaging. 119/506 (24.5%) @entity1 underwent further surgical procedures: 37 @entity1 had a surgical diagnostic excision biopsy, 82 @entity1 a surgical procedure based on a therapeutic concept. Presurgical results of VAB were compared with the postsurgical histopathological reports. RESULTS: In 91/119 @entity1 (76.5%) the final histology was malignant. The rate of @entity513 in situ (DCIS) was 79.1% (72/91) and the rate of @entity189 was 20.9% (19/91). In 9/37 @entity1 with diagnostic excision biopsy, the presurgical status of benign or uncertain changed to a postsurgical diagnosis of malignant (24.3%). In eight cases underestimation included DCIS (21.6%) and in one case @entity3 (2.7%). Seven of the nine underestimated cases (77.8%) resulted from excision biopsy of atypical epithelial proliferation of ductal type (AEPDT, positive predictive value 30.4% (7/23)). After surgery due to DCIS in 7/71 @entity1 invasive @entity0 was diagnosed (9.9%). In 11/82 @entity1 with oncological surgery, @entity3 was already diagnosed by VAB. CONCLUSION: Underestimation of @entity3 in terms of presurgical DCIS diagnosis can be minimized by the standardized assessment protocol to about 10%. Underestimation of DCIS is mainly related to presurgical diagnosis of AEPDT. KEY POINTS:       The standardized use of digital mammographic and sonographic imaging prior to vacuum-assisted biopsy is suitable for minimizing underestimation of invasive @entity0 . AEPDT represents a high risk diagnosis for underestimation of DCIS.

title: Rates of presurgical underestimation of @entity0 after standardized assessment of breast XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcifications']


abstract: @entity39291 is a serious orofacial gangrene originating intraorally in the @entity5932 complex before spreading extraorally to produce a visibly destructive @entity1066 . Although cases of @entity39291 are now rarely reported in the developed countries, it is still prevalent among @entity1 in third world countries, notably in sub-Sahara Africa, where poverty, ignorance, @entity3147 , and preventable @entity281 are still common. This review summarizes historical, epidemiological, management, and research updates on @entity39291 with suggestions for its prevention and ultimate global eradication. The global annual incidence remains high at about 140,000 cases, with a mortality rate exceeding 90% for untreated diseases. Where the @entity1 survive, @entity39291 result in unsightly facial disfigurement, intense scarring, trismus, @entity1697 , and social alienation. Although the etiology has long been held to be infectious, a definitive causal role between microorganisms cited, and @entity39291 has been difficult to establish. The management of @entity39291 with active disease requires antibiotics followed by reconstructive surgery. Current research efforts are focused towards a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology, and further elucidation of the microbiology and pathogenesis of @entity39291 .Although a formidable public health challenge, @entity39291 can be prevented with a potential for subsequent global eradication. To achieve both desirable goals, detection of @entity66 is crucial because these @entity75 respond to conventional antibiotic treatments when instituted side by side with nutritional rehabilitation, and obviates the necessity for extensive surgical reconstruction often indicated in late stage disease. The eradication of @entity39291 in the developed world in the mid 20(th) century bears out the notion of a similar outcome following effective preventive strategies in Africa. A fundamental and necessary step towards attaining this goal is for the international community to adopt a perception of @entity39291 as an urgent global public health challenge. Research effort toward deciphering the microbiology, molecular events, and pathogenesis of @entity39291 also should intensify.

title: NOMA: A Preventable "Scourge" of African XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral incompetence']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['early lesions']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['gingival-oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['childhood infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity39291 :: ('MESH:D009625', 'Disease') :: ['Noma', 'noma', 'noma defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: @entity146 and weapons carrying behaviors are indicative of youth violence. The theory of planned behavior is used in the current analysis to improve our understanding of violence-related behaviors. We examine the influence of perceived behavioral control (self-control and decision making) as a part of the overall framework for understanding the risk and protective factors for @entity146 and weapons carrying. As the baseline assessment of an intervention trial, survey data were collected on 452 sixth-grade students (50% @entity1 ; 96.6% African American; mean age 12.0 years) from urban middle schools. A total of 18.4% carried a weapon in the prior 12 months, with @entity1 more likely to carry a weapon than @entity1 (22.5% vs. 14.2%, p = .02). Of the youth, 78.4% reported @entity146 with no significant differences found between @entity1 (81.3%) and @entity1 (75.5%). In logistic regression models, having peers who engage in problem behaviors was found to be a significant risk factor. Youth with peers who engaged in numerous problem behaviors were five times more likely to be @entity146 than those who reported little or no peer problem behaviors. Teens who reported that their parents opposed @entity146 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76; confidence interval [CI] = 0.66, 0.88) and who used self-control strategies (OR = 0.59; CI = 0.39, 0.87) were found to report less @entity146 . For weapons carrying, being a @entity1 (OR = 0.56; CI = 0.32, 0.97) and self-control (OR = 0.52; CI = 0.29, 0.92) were protective factors. This study demonstrated that the theory of planned behavior may provide a useful framework for the development of violence prevention programs. Practitioners should consider integrating strategies for developing healthy relationships and improving self-control.

title: Using the theory of planned behavior to predict XXXX and weapons carrying in urban African American early adolescent youth.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive behaviors', 'aggressive', 'Aggressive']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggression']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is a devastating @entity5 and few @entity1 survive beyond 3  years. Defining the molecular determinants underlying long-term survival is essential for insights into @entity5 biology and biomarker identification. We therefore investigated homogeneously treated, @entity818 (wt) long-term (LTS, n  =  10) and short-term survivors (STS, n  =  6) by microarray transcription profiling. While there was no association of clinical parameters and molecular subtypes with long-term survival, STS @entity5 were characterized by differential polarization of infiltrating microglia with predominance of the M2 phenotype detectable both on the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, transcriptional signatures of LTS and STS predicted @entity1 outcome in a large, @entity818 (wt) cohort (n  =  468). Interrogation of overlapping genomic alterations identified concurrent gain of chromosomes 19 and 20 as a favorable prognostic marker. The strong association of this co-gain with survival was validated by aCGH in a second, independent cohort (n  =  124). Finally, FISH and gene expression data revealed gains to constitute low-amplitude, clonal events with a strong impact on transcription. In conclusion, these findings provide important insights into the manipulation of the innate immune system by particularly aggressive @entity5 . Furthermore, we genomically characterize a previously unknown, clinically relevant subgroup of @entity463 , which can easily be identified through modern neuropathological workup.

title: Molecular profiling of long-term survivors identifies a subgroup of XXXX characterized by chromosome 19/20 co-gain.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'GBM tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: Activation of macrophage adipocyte @entity844 -binding protein ( @entity23678 ) induces development of @entity731 in animal models. We previously reported that statin inhibited while @entity619 activated macrophage @entity23678 expression. However, co-treatment of macrophages with statin and @entity619 induced @entity23678 expression in a synergistic manner, which implies that this co-treatment may exacerbate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced @entity731 . In this study, we fed @entity6970 -deficient ( @entity6970 ) @entity19 with HFD or HFD containing @entity619 or @entity2452 or both for 16 weeks. Compared with HFD alone, @entity2452 or @entity619 had little effect on lesions in both en face aortas and aortic root cross sections. However, the co-treatment exacerbated HFD-induced lesions. In addition, the co-treatment decreased collagen content and disturbed the integrity of lesion caps. Both serum total @entity165 and LDL @entity165 levels were reduced by @entity2452 and increased by @entity619 , respectively. However, the co-treatment had little effect on both total @entity165 and LDL @entity165 levels, indicating that the exacerbation of lesions is independent of total @entity165 or LDL @entity165 levels. @entity23678 expression in aortic lesion area was significantly induced by the co-treatment, suggesting that activation of @entity23678 expression is a main contributor to lesions. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that co-treatment of @entity2452 and @entity619 exacerbates HFD-induced @entity731 and defines a potential risk to use the dual treatment for @entity1 in clinics.

title: Co-treatment of @entity2452 and @entity619 Exacerbates the High-fat Diet-induced @entity731 in @entity6970 -deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2452 :: ('MESH:C108475', 'Chemical') :: ['pitavastatin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: @entity2226 ( @entity5624 ) is found in large but variable amounts in the skeletal muscles of many species. It has been reported that slow twitch muscles in the @entity35 exhibit higher @entity5624 levels than fast twitch muscles. Variation in muscle @entity2226 content may be attributable to differences in the fibre type composition of different muscles. @entity5624 content (mmol kg-1 dry muscle) and percentage type-1, type-2A, and type-2B fibre section area (f.s.a.) were measured in muscle samples taken from up to six sites in the middle gluteal muscle of four @entity1641 and one pony at post mortem and in biopsy samples taken from twenty Thoroughbred @entity1641 in race training. @entity5624 was positively correlated to type-1 f.s.a. (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) in both post mortem samples and biopsies from @entity1641 in race-training. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the @entity5624 content of individual fibre types when present at 100%. @entity5624 is almost exclusively localized in type-1 fibres. The @entity5624 content of type-1 and type-2A fibres was estimated to be 45.4 mmol kg-1 d.m. and 4.5 mmol kg-1 d.m. respectively in the post mortem @entity1641 , and 32.4 mmol kg-1 d.m. and 7.9 mmol kg-1 d.m. respectively in the @entity1641 in training. @entity5624 was estimated to be absent from type-2B fibres in both @entity1641 groups.

title: XXXX content and distribution in @entity1641 skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity2226 :: ('MESH:D013654', 'Chemical') :: ['taurine', 'Taurine']

answer: @entity2226 :: (MESH:D013654,Chemical) :: ['Taurine']


abstract: This paper examines the various ways through which adults' health beliefs and attitudes affect their responses to five major @entity66 during childhood. The data for the study were derived from in-depth interviews conducted between December 1988 and January 1989 in a Yoruba community, Nigeria. The diseases covered in the study include @entity294 , measles, @entity116 , @entity5695 and @entity221 . It was observed that teething and food related causes were believed to be responsible for @entity294 ; the cause of measles and @entity5695 was generally unknown; @entity116 was usually associated with @entity410 ; and @entity221 was believed to be caused by roaming in the sun and by constipation. Herbal tea, modern drugs and prayers were the most commonly prescribed treatments for these diseases. It was observed that most mothers used alternative sources of health care, rather than hospitals, clinics and maternity centres, in their treatment of diseases among @entity1 . Prominent among the alternative sources were patent medicine stores where there were personalistic social interaction between clients and operators, free consultancy and flexible pricing. Parents' location at the time of a @entity1 's sickness, access to good advisers, the perceived seriousness of the sickness and religious beliefs of mothers were important determinants of their response. Avoidance of blame was noted to be a major motivating force in parents' search for potential sources of health care. The paper concludes that although some of the practices might have negative health implications, they could be usefully adapted to the goal of self-reliance in medical care as a strategy for attaining health for all by the year 2000.

title: Response of parents to five XXXX among @entity1 in a Yoruba community, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['killer diseases']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['killer diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, our aim was to analyze @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and compare them with a healthy reference population; in addition, we aimed to observe the association between @entity79 and the following variables: age at onset, disease duration, metabolic control, pubertal stage, level of physical activity, clinical parameters and nutrient intake. METHODS: A total of 30 @entity1 with @entity6 were included in the study. @entity79 was determined using dual-energy X- @entity16039 densitometry (DXA). @entity1 with a z-score of values >= -1 were accepted as normal; BMDs between -2 and -1 were defined as being in the low range of normality;  <=-2 were defined as having low @entity79 . The 25-hydroxy @entity560 level was classified as sufficient (30-100 ng/mL), insufficient (20-30 ng/mL), and deficient (<20 ng/mL). RESULTS: The percentages of @entity1 with @entity1887 25( @entity2145 ) @entity560 levels were 50% and 45.8%, respectively. Lumbar spine ( @entity6637 -LS4) @entity79 , @entity348 ( @entity348 ) @entity79 (FN) @entity79 were found in the normal range for more than 80% of the subjects, with no significant differences due to gender. No strong correlations between clinical variables, biochemical parameters and nutrient intake were observed; however, a moderate positive correlation was found between serum @entity460 and @entity6637 -LS4 @entity79 (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that serum @entity460 , duration of @entity6 and intake of @entity1372 and protein are significant factors in determining @entity6637 -LS4 @entity79 and @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity6 had a normal mean @entity79 at all sites evaluated, except for two @entity1 who had low @entity79 at the lumbar spine. More than 95% of @entity1 had @entity1887 @entity560 levels. With respect to all the variables studied, serum @entity460 presented the highest significant correlation with @entity6637 -LS4 @entity79 .

title: Bone mineral density in young Chilean XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['insufficient or deficient', 'deficient and insufficient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['TB BMD', 'bone mineral density', 'BMD and femoral neck', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total body', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKI) are the most common first-line therapy for @entity1358 , high-dose interleukin-2 ( @entity2033 -IL2) remains the only agent that provides durable complete responses. The optimal sequence of these agents remains uncertain. This retrospective multi-institutional study examined the safety and efficacy of @entity2033 -IL2 following TKI therapy. After IRB approval at 7 @entity2033 -IL2 centers, data relating to @entity1 , disease, and treatment characteristics among 40 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1358 who were treated with @entity2033 -IL2 after at least 1 prior TKI therapy were retrospectively collected. The most common cardiac adverse events were grade 3 @entity551 and @entity455 . Six @entity1 (15%) experienced other grade >= 3 cardiac adverse events. There were 2 treatment-related @entity204 due to @entity712 , occurring in 1 @entity1 with short TKI to @entity2033 -IL2 interval and another @entity1 with an abnormal baseline cardiac stress test. Best responses included 2 CRs (5%, duration 40+ and 62+ mo), 3 PRs (8%, duration 6, 11, and 24 mo), 13 @entity168 (32%, median duration 12 mo), 20 @entity1726 (50%), and 2 not evaluable @entity1 . Median overall survival was 22 months. Administration of @entity2033 -IL2 could be safe and effective after TKI therapy; however, careful selection of @entity1 is critical. We recommend baseline cardiac risk factor assessment, screening with both cardiac stress test and echocardiogram, and allowing a TKI to @entity2033 -IL2 interval of at least 2 months.

title: Retrospective analysis of the safety and efficacy of high-dose interleukin-2 after prior XXXX kinase inhibitor therapy in @entity1 with @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used in the treatment of @entity0 because it substantially reduces the size of the @entity5 and lymph node @entity3 . The present study investigated biomarkers that can predict a pathologic response to the therapy. MATERIAL/METHODS: The role of apoptosis in regression of the @entity5 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was determined by TUNEL and anti-active @entity522 assay. The transcriptional profile of 84 key apoptosis genes was evaluated in both pre-therapeutically obtained @entity5 tissue by core needle biopsy and in specimens removed by final surgery, using a pathway-specific real-time PCR assay. Obtained data were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The immunohistochemical profile of each @entity5 was determined using the standard ABC method. RESULTS: On the basis of a hierarchical cluster analysis of 13 significantly changed genes, we divided @entity1 into good and poor prognosis groups, which correlate well with progression-free survival. In the good prognosis group, we found a statistically significant down-regulation of the expression of @entity2423 and @entity2856 genes after neoadjuvant treatment. We also found a statistically significant overexpression of @entity21084 , BCL2AF1, @entity8186 , @entity14375 , @entity59266 , @entity59267 , @entity23903 , @entity6292 , @entity4106 , @entity4209 and @entity32998 genes. In contrast, we found up-regulation of @entity2856 after the treatment in the group with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression profiling using real-time PCR assay is a valuable research tool for the investigation of molecular markers, which reflect @entity5 biology and treatment response.

title: Apoptosis - associated genes and their role in predicting responses to neoadjuvant XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Intravenous administration of pooled, polyvalent @entity1 immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used for over 20 years as a therapy for @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). IVIG is available in limited quantities, and clinical preparations have been associated with the transfer of @entity1 pathogens. We have proposed that high-dose monoclonal antibody may be used in lieu of IVIG to achieve beneficial effects in the treatment of @entity3039 . The current study investigates the effects of high-dose monoclonal antibody therapy in a @entity35 model of @entity3039 . Hybridoma cells secreting a murine monoclonal antiplatelet antibody (7E3) and murine monoclonal anti-methotrexate IgG ( @entity3660 ) were grown in serum-free media. Next, 7E3, 8 mg kg(-1), was administered intravenously to @entity35 following pretreatment with saline or @entity3660 (1 g kg(-1) IV). @entity3660 and 7E3 plasma concentrations were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and platelet count was determined with a Cell-Dyne hematology analyzer. Severe, transient @entity882 was induced by 7E3. Platelet counts dropped to approximately 8% of initial values within 1 hour after 7E3 administration. @entity3660 pretreatment dramatically affected 7E3-induced @entity882 , significantly altering the time course of @entity882 (P < .05) and significantly decreasing the severity of 7E3-induced @entity882 (ie, following @entity3660 pretreatment, nadir platelet count was greater than 8-fold that of the control group, P < .05). In addition, @entity3660 pretreatment induced a 57% increase in 7E3 clearance (1.13 +/- 0.13 mL h(-1) kg(-1) vs 0.72 +/- 0.08 mL h(-1) kg(-1), P < .05). Consequently, high-dose monoclonal antibody therapy @entity882 and produced a moderate increase in the clearance of antiplatelet antibodies in a @entity35 model of @entity3039 .

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of high-dose monoclonal antibody therapy in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior tibial @entity397 are rare, and most studies have reported subjective outcome data, with little or no objective analysis. The purpose of this study was to review the results of the operative treatment of anterior tibial @entity397 using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale and objective isokinetic testing. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the results of operatively treated anterior tibial @entity397 in 10 @entity1 . The average age at the time of surgery was 57 (18 to 79) years. The etiology of @entity397 was traumatic in five and spontaneous in five @entity1 . Evaluation consisted of preoperative and postoperative questionnaires, physical examination, and isokinetic strength testing. Average time between surgery and isokinetic testing was 27.9 months. RESULTS: The average AOFAS score was 71.9 preoperatively and 89.8 postoperatively. Eight of 10 @entity1 reported improvement in @entity158 , and nine of 10 @entity1 reported increased activity level postoperatively. All @entity1 were satisfied with the overall function of their foot and would undergo the procedure again. The peak torque generated in the operative extremity during ankle dorsiflexion and hindfoot inversion was less than that of the uninvolved extremity. No statistically significant difference was noted between peak torque generation in ankles treated with direct anterior tibial tendon repair and ankles treated with anterior tibial tendon repair with augmentation. CONCLUSIONS: Operative treatment of anterior @entity397 resulted in a high level of @entity1 satisfaction; however, isokinetic testing demonstrated a decrease in dorsiflexion and inversion strength compared to the uninjured extremity. The clinical significance of this residual weakness was not apparent in most @entity1 . @entity1 with anterior tibial @entity397 should be forewarned that normal strength may not be a realistic expectation after surgery.

title: Anterior XXXX : results of operative treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon ruptures', 'rupture', 'tibial tendon rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['tibial tendon rupture']


abstract: @entity669 protein kinases (TPK) help regulate cellular growth and differentiation. Several proto-oncogenes encode for protein products with associated @entity669 kinase activity. An assay for TPK activity was performed in cell extracts using a synthetic peptide substrate and [32P] @entity855 ( @entity855 ). TPK activity was elevated in K-562 cells, which possess an amplified @entity1861 oncogene, compared to normal blood mononuclear cells (K-562 = 9.37 +/- 1.72 [mean +/- standard deviation] pmol @entity855 /10(6) cells/min; normal = 1.14 +/- 0.46, p less than 0.01). TPK activity was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from @entity1 with @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ), @entity12188 ( @entity12188 ), @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). In @entity1 with clinically active disease, elevated TPK activity was measured in mononuclear cells from five @entity5734 @entity1 (range 3.76-24.15) and from seven @entity12188 @entity1 . These elevated levels appeared to parallel disease activity, as low levels of TPK activity were measured in @entity1 with inactive (treated) disease. Low levels of TPK were measured in mononuclear cells from active @entity3052 and @entity1072 @entity1 . Elevated TPK levels in @entity1 with @entity5734 and @entity12188 may reflect the overexpression of a proto-oncogene or increased growth factor activity in immature or rapidly dividing leukemic cells. Serial TPK levels in @entity5734 and @entity12188 @entity1 correlated with change in disease activity.

title: Increased XXXX protein kinase activity in hairy cell and monocytic leukemias.

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['HCL', 'hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['myelomonocytic leukemia', 'MOL']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) is important for evolution and major biological functions in complex organisms. However, the extent of @entity4373 in mammals other than @entity1 and @entity19 is largely unknown, making it difficult to study @entity4373 evolution in mammals and its biomedical implications. RESULTS: Here we describe a cross-species EST-to-genome comparison algorithm (ENACE) that can identify novel exons for EST-scanty species and distinguish conserved and lineage-specific exons. The identified exons represent not only novel exons but also evolutionarily meaningful @entity4373 events that are not previously annotated. A genome-wide @entity4373 analysis in @entity1 , @entity19 and @entity35 using ENACE reveals a total of 758 novel cassette-on exons and 167 novel retained introns that have no EST evidence from the same species. RT-PCR-sequencing experiments validated approximately 50 approximately 80% of the tested exons, indicating high presence of exons predicted by ENACE. ENACE is particularly powerful when applied to closely related species. In addition, our analysis shows that the ENACE-identified @entity4373 exons tend not to pass the nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitution ratio test and not to contain protein domain, implying that such exons may be under positive selection or relaxed negative selection. These @entity4373 exons may contribute to considerable inter-species functional divergence. Our analysis further indicates that a large number of exons may have been gained or lost during @entity1 evolution. Moreover, a functional analysis shows that inter-species divergence of @entity4373 events may be substantial in protein carriers and receptor proteins in mammals. These exons may be of interest to studies of @entity4373 evolution. The ENACE programs and sequences of the ENACE-identified @entity4373 events are available for download. CONCLUSION: ENACE can identify potential novel cassette exons and retained introns between closely related species using a comparative approach. It can also provide information regarding lineage- or species-specificity in transcript isoforms, which are important for evolutionary and functional studies.

title: Identification and evolutionary analysis of novel exons and alternative splicing events using cross-species EST-to-genome comparisons in @entity1 , XXXX and @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['Alternative splicing', 'AS']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We studied the effect of @entity112 on serum prolactin and @entity7287 (TSH) levels in male @entity35 with anterolateral hypothalamic deafferentation of hypothalamic connections or @entity18564 ( @entity18564 ). The success of @entity18564 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of @entity1943 (SRIF) in the medial basal hypothalamus. @entity18564 did not affect basal prolactin or TSH levels. @entity10447 ( @entity1218 , 200 ng/ @entity35 , i.p.) did not affect prolactin secretion either in sham-operated or @entity18564 @entity35 . In sham-operated @entity35 intracerebroventricularly administered @entity112 increased significantly prolactin levels. Hypothalamic deafferentation abolished the effect of @entity112 on prolactin levels. @entity1218 increased significantly serum TSH levels both in sham-operated controls and @entity18564 @entity35 . In the latter, however, the TSH-secretory response to @entity1218 was significantly (p less than 0.05) larger compared to the controls. Intracerebroventricularly infused @entity112 (2 micrograms/ @entity35 ) did not change the @entity1218 -induced TSH secretion in either group of @entity35 . These results show that (1) the effect of @entity112 on prolactin secretion is mediated through nerve tracts which are destroyed by @entity18564 , and (2) cutting of afferent @entity1218 (through sensitization) and SRIF fibers (through lacking inhibition) entering medial basal hypothalamus may both contribute to the enhanced TSH response to exogenous @entity1218 .

title: Anterolateral hypothalamic deafferentation inhibits @entity112 -induced prolactin secretion and potentiates XXXX -induced thyrotropin secretion in male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity10447 :: ('25569(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Thyrotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity18564 :: ('MESH:D056988', 'Disease') :: ['anterolateral cut', 'ALC']

answer: @entity1218 :: (CHEBI:35940,Chemical) :: ['TRH']


abstract: Stress and/or antidepressants during pregnancy have been implicated in a wide range of long-term effects in the offspring. We investigated the long-term effects of prenatal stress and/or clinically relevant antidepressant exposure on male adult offspring in a model of the pharmacotherapy of maternal @entity308 . Female @entity35 were implanted with osmotic minipumps that delivered clinically relevant exposure to the antidepressant @entity837 throughout gestation. Subsequently, pregnant females were exposed on gestational days 10-20 to a chronic unpredictable mild stress paradigm. The male offspring were analyzed in adulthood. Baseline physiological measurements were largely unaltered by prenatal manipulations. Behavioral characterization of the male offspring, with or without pre-exposure to an acute stressor, did not reveal any group differences. Prenatal stress exposure resulted in a faster return towards baseline following the peak response to an acute restraint stressor, but not an airpuff startle stressor, in adulthood. Microarray analysis of the hippocampus and hypothalamus comparing all treatment groups revealed no significantly-altered transcripts. Real time PCR of the hippocampus confirmed that several transcripts in the CRFergic, serotonergic, and neural plasticity pathways were unaffected by prenatal exposures. This stress model of maternal @entity308 and its treatment indicate that @entity837 use and/or stress during pregnancy produced no alterations in our measures of male adult behavior or the transcriptome, however prenatal stress exposure resulted in some evidence for increased glucocorticoid negative feedback following an acute restraint stress. Study design should be carefully considered before implications for @entity1 health are ascribed to prenatal exposure to stress or antidepressant medication.

title: Prenatal exposure to XXXX and/or stress in @entity35 produces limited effects on endocrine, behavioral, or gene expression measures in adult male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['escitalopram']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish the frequency of fits and @entity1032 in an unbiased group of @entity2916 @entity1 . METHODS: Known @entity2916 families with more than one affected @entity1 were ascertained for a genetic linkage study. A number of members were born after genetic counselling had been given after identification of the proband. These subjects were then carefully examined clinically and in many cases with cranial computerised tomography, renal ultrasound, and skeletal survey but not echocardiography. They provide an unbiased group of @entity2916 @entity1 and allow affected @entity1 with normal intellect to be diagnosed. @entity1 : Thirty-seven @entity2916 families were ascertained and 26 @entity1 born after the family proband were identified. RESULTS: Sixteen of these 26 @entity1 suffered fits (62%) and 10 @entity1 were @entity1032 (38%). CONCLUSIONS: A lower incidence of fits and @entity1032 has been found in an unbiased sample of @entity2916 @entity1 . The lifetime risk for fits might be higher had we been able to follow the @entity1 for longer. However, we believe these are more appropriate figures to use in genetic counselling for this disease.

title: On the incidence of fits and XXXX in @entity2916 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of stenosis index (SI), which accounts for the entire spectral Doppler waveform, to detect significant @entity455 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this institutional review board-approved, HIPAA compliant study, we retrospectively analyzed 69 @entity1 who had catheter angiography for suspected @entity455 ( @entity455 ) between January 2006 and December 2010; all @entity1 had Doppler ultrasound within 30 days before angiography. @entity1 with @entity850 requiring intervention were considered positive for @entity455 . @entity850 index was calculated from each @entity1 's spectral Doppler ultrasound images by obtaining the ratio of the area under the high-frequency signal to low-frequency signal in the spectral Doppler. Resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were also calculated. Receiver operator curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) was compared among the three metrics. RESULTS: Forty-eight of 69 @entity1 had @entity455 by angiography requiring intervention; 21 @entity1 had no angiographic evidence of @entity455 . SI was significantly different (P   <   .001) between @entity1 with @entity455 (SI   =   1.04        0.20) and those without @entity455 (SI   =   1.39        0.30). @entity850 index had an AUC of 0.86 for detecting @entity455 , which was significantly higher than that from RI (AUC   =   0.68, P   =   .038 for the comparison) and PI (AUC   =   0.70, P   =   .029). For SI   <   1.35, the sensitivity for @entity455 was 94% and specificity was 52%. For RI   <   0.5, the sensitivity was 96% and the specificity was 29%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity850 index is more accurate than the resistive index and the pulsatility index for detecting transplant @entity99 .

title: The Sonographic XXXX Index: A New Specific Quantitative Measure of Transplant @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic stenosis', 'Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['THAS', 'transplant hepatic arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Stenosis']