abstract: BACKGROUND: The patterns of @entity356 recurrence vary across societies. We designed the current study in an attempt to evaluate and reveal the outbreak of the recurrence patterns of @entity356 and also prediction of time to recurrence and its effected factors in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was performed from March 2003 to February 2007. Demographic characteristics, clinical and pathological diagnosis and classification including pathologic stage, @entity5 grade, @entity5 site and @entity5 size in of @entity1 with GC recurrent were collected from @entity1 ' data files. To evaluate of factors affected on the relapse of the GC @entity1 , gender, age at diagnosis, treatment type and Hgb were included in the research. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and logistic regression models. RESULTS: After treatment, 82 @entity1 suffered recurrence, 42, 33 and 17 by the ends of first, second and third years. The mean ( SD) and median ( IQR) time to recurrence in @entity1 with GC were 25.5 (20.6-30.1) and 21.5 (15.6-27.1) months, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis logistic regression showed that only pathologic stage, @entity5 grade and @entity5 site significantly affected the recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: We found that pathologic stage, @entity5 grade and @entity5 site significantly affect on the recurrence of GC which has a high positive prognostic value and might be functional for better follow-up and selecting the @entity1 at risk. We also showed time to recurrence to be an important factor for follow-up of @entity1 .

title: Prediction of time to recurrence and influencing factors for XXXX in Iran.

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: We report on a case of primary cutaneous @entity2347 with local recurrence and @entity1600 . The @entity1 was a 52-year-old Japanese @entity1 . The initial cutaneous lesion was a skin-colored, centrally elevated, thumb-sized nodule with hair loss on the scalp in the right side of the parietal region. Three and half years after the initial combined treatment consisting of surgery and irradiation, a recurrent nodule on the left side of the parietal region of the scalp and a @entity1600 with perinodal tissue involvement in the left retroauricular area were discovered. In the literature on primary cutaneous @entity2347 , the average age in the 37 cases reported, including the present case, is 58.1 years, and 23 of the @entity1 are @entity1 . Thirty-two percent of the @entity189 (12 cases) occur on the scalp and 16% (6 cases) on the breast. The average size of the @entity5 in the 24 documented cases is 3.2 cm. The local recurrence rate is 51% (19 cases). Distant @entity3 to the lungs and pleura are recorded in three cases. Lymph node @entity3 is recorded only in two cases including the present case. Multiple modalities including surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy should be used for this locally aggressive and potentially metastasizing @entity189 .

title: Primary cutaneous @entity2347 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity4044 extract ( @entity12689 ) has been shown to ameliorate some defects associated with the @entity1720 and so @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) may be inclined to co-ingest the herb with their medications, such as @entity2449 . This study was designed to determine if the co-ingestion of @entity12689 and @entity2449 would alter the pharmacokinetic properties of @entity2449 in @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 without @entity6 , who may ingest it for other purposes. METHOD: Normal @entity413 tolerance (NGT) subjects (n=10; age, 39.2+/-14.0 years; fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), 90+/-7 mg/dl; body mass index (BMI), 24.1+/-3.7 kg/m(2)) and 10 @entity6 @entity1 (n=10; age, 51.7+/-8.9 years; FPG, 150+/-7 mg/dl; BMI, 33.7+/-5.7 kg/m(2)) completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. They ingested either @entity12689 (12 0mg/day as a single dose) or a vegetable-based placebo during each arm for 3 months. At the end of each arm, the NGT subject ingested a single 500 mg dose of @entity2449 (non-diabetics) and the @entity6 subject took his/her prescribed @entity2449 dose (250-850 mg) with 120 mg @entity12689 . Blood and urine samples were collected over an 8-h period, and in the case of @entity6 subjects, additionally over the first 2h of the subsequent 3 days. RESULTS: Ingestion of @entity12689 produced no significant changes in diagnostic laboratory tests in either group, except reducing glycosylated hemoglobin A(1c) levels (from 7.7+/-1.2 to 7.2+/-0.9%, P<0.05) in @entity6 the subjects. The pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity2449 were all significantly different (P<0.05) between the NGT (500 mg) and 8 out of 10 of the @entity6 subjects who were prescribed 500 mg of @entity2449 during the placebo cycles. During the @entity12689 cycles, only the elimination half-life in the @entity6 subjects was significantly increased (0.117+/-0.085 to 0.141+/-0.100, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The co-ingestion of 120 mg of @entity12689 and 500 mg of @entity2449 did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetic properties of @entity2449 . Further studies are required to verify this observation for smaller and larger dose of @entity2449 with other doses of @entity12689 , since @entity6 @entity1 on medication constitute a very heterogeneous group.

title: The effect of the ingestion of XXXX extract ( @entity12689 ) on the pharmacokinetics of @entity2449 in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects--a double blind placebo-controlled, crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Ginkgo biloba']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is characterized by chronic @entity2348 . Although intravenous (i.v.) antibiotic therapy is regarded as standard treatment in @entity1577 , only few randomised trials comparing different antibiotic compounds exist. METHODS: We report on a prospective multicenter interventional trial of i.v. @entity2889 (120 mg/kg/day) or i.v. @entity5505 (200-400 mg/kg/day), each administered together with i.v. @entity2890 (9-12 mg/kg/day). Outcome measures were changes in lung function, microbiological sputum burden and blood inflammatory marker. Liver and renal function values were measured to assess safety. RESULTS: One hundred eighteen @entity1 (59/59) were included into the study with the following indications: first infection of @entity796 (n=6), acute pulmonary exacerbation (n=34) and suppression therapy of chronic @entity796 colonization (n=78). Both treatments improved lung function measures, bacterial sputum burden and @entity1851 levels with no differences between treatment groups observed. A significant higher elevation for alkaline phosphatase (p<0.0001) was observed for @entity1 in the @entity2889 / @entity2890 group. CONCLUSIONS: i.v. antibiotic therapy in @entity1577 @entity1 with @entity2889 / @entity2890 is as effective as with @entity5505 / @entity2890 regarding lung function, microbiological sputum burden and systemic inflammatory status. Hepato-biliary function should be monitored carefully during i.v. treatment, possibly important in @entity1577 @entity1 with pre-existing @entity409 .

title: Efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity2889 and XXXX versus @entity5505 and @entity2890 in cystic fibrosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial broncho-pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity2890 :: (MESH:D014031,Chemical) :: ['tobramycin']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the results of high-dose therapy followed by autologous bone marrow or peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation for @entity1 with follicular low-grade @entity1893 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 100 @entity1 undergoing autologous transplantation for follicular @entity1893 between April 22, 1983 and December 31, 1993. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 remained alive and 48 were failure-free. The median follow-up duration of surviving @entity1 was 2.6 years (range, 1.0 to 11.7). There were eight (8%) deaths within 100 days of transplantation. Six additional @entity1 died of nonrelapse causes up to 912 days after transplantation. Overall survival at 4 years was estimated to be 65% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54% to 75%) and failure-free survival was estimated to be 44% (95% CI, 33% to 55%). There was no definite evidence of a plateau in the failure-free survival curve. The only factor significantly associated with overall survival and failure-free survival was the number of chemotherapy regimen received before transplantation. No significant differences in outcome were observed between @entity1 with follicular small cleaved-cell lymphoma and follicular @entity706 , or between @entity1 who received peripheral-blood stem-cell transplants and unpurged autologous bone marrow transplants. CONCLUSION: Prolonged failure-free survival is possible following high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic rescue for follicular @entity1893 . It is unclear whether @entity1 are cured with this therapy or if survival is prolonged.

title: High-dose therapy with autologous hematopoietic rescue for follicular low-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'low-grade lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['mixed lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: @entity5 must be distinguished from other @entity5409 because of their potential @entity5 . Our purpose was to assess the reliability of gastric M1 mucin analysis in the fluid of @entity5409 in comparison or association with carcinoembryonic antigen. M1 mucin and carcinoembryonic antigen were measured in cyst fluid obtained preoperatively by fine-needle aspiration. The lesions consisted of 12 @entity12679 , 9 @entity8940 , 8 @entity7157 and 6 intraductal mucinous hypersecreting @entity5 . Thirty @entity9007 complicating well-documented chronic @entity788 were also examined. In addition, M1 mucins were localized by immunoperoxidase staining in fetal and normal adult @entity5 . Carcinoembryonic values of > 20 ng/ml and M1 mucin values of > 50 U M1/ml represented 82 and 78% sensitivity, respectively, as well as 100% specificity for distinguishing @entity75 from @entity12679 ; the sensitivity for this purpose was 100% using these criteria in combination. Carcinoembryonic antigen values of > 300 ng/ml and M1 mucin values of > 1,200 U M1/ml represented 56 and 30% sensitivity, respectively, as well as 100% specificity for distinguishing @entity75 from pseudocysts; the sensitivity for this purpose was 60% using these criteria in combination. By immunohistology, M1 mucins were detected in the wall of @entity75 but not in fetal and normal adult pancreas and in @entity12679 . Measurement of M1 mucin antigen in cyst fluid could thus improve the diagnosis of @entity5409 .

title: Detection of gastric mucins (M1 antigens) in cyst fluid for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystic lesions of the pancreas', 'cystic lesions of the pancreas', 'cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous cystic tumors of the pancreas', 'pancreas and in mucinous and serous tumors', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous lesions']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity12679 :: ('MESH:D018293', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5409 :: (MESH:D052177,Disease) :: ['cystic lesions of the pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The major problems associated with severe @entity942 of the femur are an unstable hip joint and a femur that is more than 50% shorter than the contralateral, normal femur. The usual treatment of these extreme cases of @entity2096 is a Syme or Boyd amputation when the @entity1 begins to walk. A knee fusion is done when the @entity1 is older, and the @entity1 functions as an above-the-knee amputee. Rotationplasty has been described as an alternative treatment that allows the @entity1 to function as a below-the-knee amputee. None of the currently described types of rotationplasty address the problem of the unstable hip. METHODS: Three @entity1 with severe @entity2096 underwent a unique single-stage reconstruction. In this procedure, the limb is completely detached except for the sciatic nerve and the femoral vessels. The proximal part of the @entity6349 femur and some muscles are resected. The residual limb is externally rotated 180 degrees and the rotated distal part of the femur is fused to the pelvis. All of the muscles distal to the knee remain undisturbed. RESULTS: The anatomical knee in its rotated position functioned as a hip with flexion and extension, and the femoropelvic arthrodesis provided a more stable support. The rotated ankle acted as a knee, and the @entity1 functioned as below-the-knee amputees. The duration of follow-up of these three @entity1 was eight, six, and four years. Active hip flexion was 10 degrees to 70 degrees , 10 degrees to 90 degrees , and 0 degrees to 80 degrees , and active knee flexion was 900 and 95 . The @entity1 ' gait continued to improve as they matured. CONCLUSIONS: The femoropelvic arthrodesis provides a stable hip. Since the muscles distal to the knee are not disturbed, the problem of derotation of the limb, which is often seen following the Van Nes rotationplasty, is not seen after this operation.

title: Resection, rotationplasty, and femoropelvic arthrodesis in severe XXXX . A report of the surgical technique and three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['congenital femoral deficiency']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['congenital deficiency']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['congenital femoral deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Inguinal @entity547 is a common diagnosis for @entity1 presenting with a painful groin mass; other potentially dangerous diagnoses may mimic a groin @entity547 . We present 3 unusual cases of @entity4436 with perforation. The resulting abscess presented clinically as an atypical strangulated @entity169 . METHODS/RESULTS: From July 1, 1999, to June 30, 2000, 344 @entity1 were admitted to the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center with the diagnosis of @entity4436 . Of these @entity1 , 44 (12.8%) required surgical intervention. We report here 3 cases in that academic year of @entity4436 complicated by perforation and abscess formation that presented as atypical strangulated @entity169 . In addition to being rare and difficult to diagnose, such cases illustrate that a tender inguinal mass may not represent a @entity547 . CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of strangulated @entity169 remains primarily one of clinical suspicion. Radiologic and laboratory studies should augment, not replace, one's clinical diagnosis. In addition, the differential diagnosis of inguinal masses is discussed.

title: @entity4436 presenting as a strangulated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: The reported clinical use of the Sarns centrifugal pump (Sarns, Inc./3M, Ann Arbor, Mich.) as a cardiac assist device for @entity67 is limited. During a 25-month period ending November 1988, we used 40 Sarns centrifugal pumps as univentricular or biventricular cardiac assist devices in 27 @entity1 who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass despite maximal pharmacologic and intraaortic balloon support. Eighteen @entity1 and nine @entity1 with a mean age of 60.4 years (28 to 83) required assistance. Left ventricular assist alone was used in 12 @entity1 , right ventricular assist in 2, and biventricular assist in 13. The duration of assist ranged from 2 to 434 hours (median 45). Centrifugal assist was successful in weaning 100% of the @entity1 . Ten of 27 @entity1 (37%) improved hemodynamically, allowing removal of the device(s), and 5 of 27 (18.5%) survived hospitalization. Survival of @entity1 requiring left ventricular assist only was 33.3% (4/12). Complications were common and included @entity177 , @entity548 , @entity1003 , @entity943 , @entity295 , @entity64 , and wound @entity281 . During 3560 centrifugal pump hours, no pump @entity715 was observed. The Sarns centrifugal pump is an effective assist device when used to salvage @entity1 who otherwise cannot be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. Statistical analysis of preoperative @entity1 characteristics, operative risk factors, and @entity260 failed to predict which @entity1 would be weaned from cardiac assist or which would survive.

title: Experience with the Sarns centrifugal pump in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['postcardiotomy ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['postcardiotomy ventricular failure']


abstract: @entity12740 ( @entity12740 ) allows specific histopathologic diagnoses to be made without surgery and has been demonstrated to be an accurate, cost-effective method of diagnosing @entity1558 , particularly nonpalpable lesions. However, recent studies have concluded that the diagnosis of @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) by means of @entity12740 has resulted in nearly equal odds that a coexisting @entity5 will be missed. Furthermore, others have concluded that @entity12740 diagnosed as @entity3821 cannot reliably indicate the absence of @entity5 invasion in surgical excision. Between 1993 and 1998, 1,221 consecutive @entity12740 of mammographically identified lesions were performed using a 14-gauge automated device with an average of 5.3 cores obtained per lesion. @entity1373 was identified in 19 (1.6%) lesions and @entity3821 in 89 (7.3%). Surgical biopsy was performed in 89 of these @entity1 and histopathologic results from @entity12740 and surgical biopsies were reviewed and correlated. In 12 cases of @entity1373 diagnosed by @entity12740 , surgical biopsy showed @entity1373 in 8 (67%) cases and @entity3821 in the other 4 (33%) cases. In 77 cases of @entity3821 diagnosed by @entity12740 , a surgical biopsy showed @entity3821 in 55 (71%) cases, 6 more cases (8%) had @entity3821 with focal microinvasion, and 15 (19%) had @entity513 . In one case no @entity41 was found at surgery. In the author's @entity1 population, the diagnosis of @entity1373 at @entity12740 indicates high probability of @entity3821 or residual @entity1373 in the surgical biopsy. The diagnosis of @entity3821 at @entity12740 is confirmed in the majority of surgical biopsies; however, a significant number of cases may show @entity189 .

title: XXXX in situ and @entity1373 of the breast diagnosed at stereotactic core biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['ADH', 'atypical ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['microinvasion or invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12740 :: ('MESH:D020512', 'Disease') :: ['SCNB', 'Stereotactic core needle biopsy']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['Ductal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Overweight has been increasing in several developed countries over the last few decades. No update information on the issue is available for Italy. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a computer assisted personal in-house interview survey in March-April 2004, on a sample of 2932 Italian individuals (1407 @entity1 and 1525 @entity1 ) aged 18 years or over, representative of the general adult Italian population. Information on weight and height was self-reported. RESULTS: Overall, 3.4% of the Italian adult population were underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2, 0.9% of @entity1 and 5.8% of @entity1 ), 31.3% were overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2, 38.4% of @entity1 , 24.7% of @entity1 ), and 8.2% were @entity28 (> or = 30.0 kg/m2, 7.4% of @entity1 and 8.9% of @entity1 ). Overweight or @entity28 was reported by 14.2% of subjects aged 18-24 years (20.6% of @entity1 and 7.6% of @entity1 ). The highest proportions of overweight and @entity28 subjects were in the 45-64 year age group for @entity1 (51.4% overweight, 10.0% @entity28 ) and in the > or = 65 year age group for @entity1 (38.8% overweight, 13.8% @entity28 ). Age- and sex-standardised prevalence of overweight or @entity28 was 36.0% for more educated subjects, and 54.0% for less educated ones. It was 32.3% in northern, 44.3% in central and 47.0% in southern Italy. Overweight increased from 1983 to the early 1990s, and levelled off thereafter. Prevalence of @entity28 remained around 8-9% across the last 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: Trends of overweight and @entity28 in Italy are more favourable than in several developed countries. Still, approximately 15 million of Italian adults are overweight and 4 million @entity28 .

title: Overweight and XXXX in Italian adults 2004, and an overview of trends since 1983.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Recently, local injection of @entity1286 in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has been shown to increase @entity750 release in the forebrain of unanesthetized @entity35 . This study investigated the site of action of opioids in @entity35 brain slices containing the DRN. Postsynaptic currents (PSCs), measured intracellularly under voltage clamp, were induced in serotonergic neurons with bath and microiontophoretic applications of @entity143 to activate local neurons. @entity10971 ( @entity10971 ) suppressed spontaneous and @entity143 -induced GABAergic inhibitory PSCs. This effect, which was mimicked by the mu agonist @entity7862 but not the kappa-agonist @entity4596 or the delta-agonist DPDPE, was reversed by the mu antagonist CTOP. @entity10971 also suppressed spontaneous and @entity143 -induced glutamatergic excitatory PSCs. By searching with focal microiontophoretic @entity143 applications, GABAergic and glutamatergic cells projecting on serotonergic neurons were found in the DRN and the adjacent periaqueductal gray. Consistent with the reduction in PSCs, @entity10971 inhibited/hyperpolarized the great majority (81%) of non-serotonergic neurons recorded extra- and intracellularly in the DRN; the @entity10971 effect reversed polarity at -99 +/- 9 mV, close to the @entity972 reversal potential. In contrast, @entity10971 inhibited/hyperpolarized only 28% of serotonergic neurons; in the affected cells, the @entity10971 effect, blocked by @entity30820 , had its reversal potential shifted with change of extracellular @entity972 in agreement with the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a @entity972 conductance; @entity750 occluded the @entity10971 inhibition. Taken together, these results indicate that opioids inhibit both local GABAergic and glutamatergic cells projecting onto DRN serotonergic neurons.

title: Opioids suppress spontaneous and @entity143 -induced inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Up to December 1973, we had performed 100 mediastinoscopies for @entity2 . Fifty-two were positive and 48 negative. In 80 cases there was clinical or radiological suspicion of mediastinal invasion. With radiological evidence of mediastinal node involvement exploration was positive in 32 out of 35 cases, when chest radiography findings were equivocal in 19 out of 45, and when radiology of the mediastinum was normal in only one of 20 cases. Mediastinoscopy was more frequently positive when the @entity189 was oat-cell or anaplastic. Of 48 @entity1 with negative biopsies, 41 were explored. In 26 the @entity189 extended beyond the lung. In 1973 we circularized 83 thoracic surgeons concerning (1) the use of mediastinoscopy for @entity1 with @entity2 assessed for surgery, (2) the significance of mediastinal node involvement, (3) the results of radiotherapy alone in @entity1 rejected for surgery, and (4) the survival rate in @entity1 with positive mediastinal nodes treated with surgery alone or together with radiotherapy. The replies to the questionnaire are summarized. The authors emphasize the usefulness of mediastinoscopy but state that care must be taken when deciding to withhold operation for a possible cure.

title: Mediastinoscopy in the surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['management of lung carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: informed consent is a fundamental and legal obligation for each interventional cardiologist. The effect of consent form describing risks of invasive procedure on @entity148 is controversial. This trial was aimed to assess the added value of video information to the standard informed consent process. METHODS: 200 consecutive @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled. The first one hundred were assigned to conventional education conducted by the physician (no video group) and the second one hundred had consent obtained in the conventional manner assisted by video information (video group). The outcome variables for this comparison consisted of a standard @entity148 score (Spielberger Statement Anxiety Inventory questionnary) plus hemodynamics measurements of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure obtained at baseline and immediately after written informed consent In addition, before discharge, @entity1 graded the tolerability and satisfaction on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: The groups were similar with regard to their baseline characteristics and anxity score (37+23 vs 37+23). @entity1 who had not had prior experience of catheterization had higher baseline @entity148 than those who had prior angiography (45 + 22 vs 31 + 20; p = 0.027). @entity1 who watched the video were significantly less anxious after informed consent (28 + 21 vs 34 + 22; p = 0.048) and had a significantly lower heart rate (65 + 10 vs 71 + 12; p = 0.03). The benefits of video information were especially prominent in those with higher @entity148 scores at baseline (score after 45 + 24 vs 57 + 26; p = 0.046). Tolerability were higher in the video group compared with no video group (98% vs 86%; p = 0.003). Finally, satisfaction of information for informed consent process was higher in video group than in no video group (99% vs 76%; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: a video information decreased @entity148 level after written informed consent and improved tolerability and satisfaction scales in @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography. The most likely to benefit from video information are @entity1 with higher @entity148 level at baseline. Beneficial effect on informed refusal should be investigated in larger population.

title: [Effects of video information in XXXX undergoing coronary angiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Avastin Registry: Investigation of Effectiveness and Safety (ARIES) study is a prospective, community-based observational cohort study that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of first-line treatment patterns, assessing the impact of chemotherapy choice and treatment duration. METHODS: The ARIES study enrolled @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) receiving first-line chemotherapy with bevacizumab and followed them longitudinally. The protocol did not specify treatment regimens or assessments. Analyses included all @entity1 who initiated bevacizumab in combination with either first-line @entity901 with infusional @entity1487 and @entity4181 (FOLFOX) or @entity2600 with infusional @entity1487 and @entity4181 (FOLFIRI). Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) times were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: In total, 1,550 @entity1 with first-line mCRC were enrolled (median follow-up, 21 months) and most received FOLFOX-bevacizumab (n = 968) or FOLFIRI-bevacizumab (n = 243) as first-line therapy. The baseline characteristics and median treatment duration were generally similar between subgroups. There were no significant differences in the median PFS (10.3 months vs. 10.2 months) or @entity1349 (23.7 months vs. 25.5 months) time between the FOLFOX-bevacizumab and FOLFIRI-bevacizumab subgroups, respectively, by unadjusted analyses. Multivariate analyses showed FOLFIRI-bevacizumab resulted in a similar PFS (HR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-1.21) and @entity1349 (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.78-1.16) outcome as with FOLFOX-bevacizumab. The incidence proportions of bevacizumab-associated adverse events were similar for FOLFOX- and FOLFIRI-based therapies. CONCLUSIONS: In first-line mCRC @entity1 , the FOLFOX-bevacizumab and FOLFIRI-bevacizumab regimens were associated with similar treatment patterns and clinical outcomes.

title: Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in XXXX with metastatic @entity14 initially treated with FOLFOX-bevacizumab or FOLFIRI-bevacizumab: results from ARIES, a bevacizumab observational cohort study.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The potential of Tc-99m tetrofosmin for the imaging of @entity0 and @entity1600 was investigated and compared with that of Tc-99m MIBI. Thirty female @entity1 with palpable breast masses underwent Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy; 17 of those underwent Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy. The axillary and breast regions were evaluated in all @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent biopsy within 2 weeks of the study. Twenty @entity1 were found to have a primary malignancy of the breast, whereas 10 had benign disease. The @entity1 with @entity0 had surgery. Twelve @entity1 had @entity1600 . Tc-99m MIBI breast imaging showed abnormal uptake in 18 of 20 @entity5 and in 8 of 12 @entity1600 . Tc-99m tetrofosmin breast imaging showed abnormal uptake in 13 of 14 @entity5 and in 6 of 10 @entity1600 . Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values obtained with Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy for @entity0 were 90%, 90%, 90%, and 93%, 100%, 94%, respectively. The values obtained with Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy for @entity1600 were 66%, 100%, 86%, and 60%, 100%, 76%, respectively. The authors conclude that both of these techniques are effective in the differentiation of malignant breast masses from benign ones and in detecting @entity1600 . However, Tc-99m tetrofosmin is superior to Tc-99m MIBI in detecting @entity0 .

title: Tc-99m tetrofosmin in @entity0 and XXXX : a comparative study with Tc-99m MIBI.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node metastases']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['axillary lymph node metastases']


abstract: The long-term effects of exercise on cardiac function and myocyte remodeling in @entity101 /progression of @entity712 are poorly understood. We investigated whether exercise can attenuate pathological remodeling under @entity101 conditions. Fifteen female Spontaneously @entity712 @entity35 and 10 control @entity35 were housed with running wheels beginning at 6 months of age. At 22 months of age, heart function of the trained @entity35 was compared with heart function of age-matched sedentary @entity101 and control @entity35 . Heart function was measured using echocardiography and left ventricular catheterization. Cardiac myocytes were isolated to measure cellular dimensions. Fetal gene expression was determined using Western blots. Exercise did not significantly impact myocyte remodeling or ventricular function in control animals. Sedentary @entity101 @entity35 had significant chamber dilatation and @entity1283 . In exercised @entity101 @entity35 , however, exercise time was excessive and resulted in a 21% increase in left ventricular diastolic dimension (P<0.001), a 24% increase in heart to body weight ratio (P<0.05), a 27% increase in left ventricular myocyte volume (P<0.01), a 13% reduction in ejection fraction (P<0.001), and a 22% reduction in fractional shortening (P<0.01) compared with sedentary @entity101 @entity35 . Exercise resulted in greater @entity82 and did not prevent activation of the fetal gene program in @entity101 @entity35 . We conclude that excessive exercise, in the untreated @entity101 state can have deleterious effects on cardiac remodeling and may actually accelerate the progression to @entity712 .

title: Effects of excessive long-term exercise on cardiac function and myocyte remodeling in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['hypertensive heart failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Occasionally @entity5 present a clinical picture similar to that seen with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). The mechanism for this is not clear. The differential diagnosis of these two disorders is important since their treatment is quite different. CLINICAL CASES: Two @entity1 and two @entity1 aged between 53 and 72 years of age, with no known cardiovascular risk factors, complained of one or several episodes of @entity51 ( @entity51 , @entity1939 and @entity2026 ), lasting between 3 minutes and 6 hours. Neuroimaging investigations (CT and MR) showed images compatible with space occupying lesions localized to the convexity (parietal, frontotemporal and frontoparietal) and in one case at the edge of the sphenoid bone. Three @entity1 were operated on. The lesions were confirmed as @entity5 (two cases of @entity1653 and one of @entity463 ). Symptoms did not recur after a mean follow up period of nine months. Various mechanisms have been suggested to explain this phenomenon: vascular compression due to pressure from the mass, changes in intracranial pressure, vascular steal phenomenon, negative focal @entity410 , Leao s cortical @entity308 and others. The absence of risk factors which would justify a vascular cause, the correlation between localization of the @entity5 and the clinical signs, and the disappearance of symptoms following surgery would seem to support the hypothesis that in our cases the symptoms observed were due to intracranial space occupying lesions. CONCLUSION: The presence of an @entity5 should be ruled out by using neuroradiological investigations in @entity1 complaining of transient episodes of @entity51 .

title: [ XXXX simulating @entity63 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attacks', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumors', 'intracranial tumour', 'intracranial tumors']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['transient blindness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['hemisensitive deficits', 'neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['isolated aphasia']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Intracranial tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To carry out a population-based evaluation of withdrawal of treatment in primary care using repeated ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) assessment to avoid subjecting @entity1 to prolonged periods of excess risk. METHOD: @entity1 from two community practices (total population 11 034 @entity1 ) being administered monotherapy for @entity101 , were identified and invited to participate. Subjects were withdrawn from treatment if they had no significant co-morbidity and daytime ABPM blood pressure was < or = 150/90 mmHg. Antihypertensive therapy was restarted if daytime ABPM blood pressure was > 150/90 mmHg during weeks 4, 8, 12, 26, 39 and 52. RESULTS: Of 126 eligible @entity1 53 had a co-morbidity and 37 declined to participate. Of the 36 @entity1 who entered the study 10 were excluded because they had elevated ABPM blood pressures during treatment and one because they had echocardiographic @entity4346 . Of the 25 @entity1 from whom monotherapy was withdrawn, we restarted treatment of 19 before week 52. If clinic blood pressure monitoring had been used instead of ABPM, different decisions would have been taken in eight of 25 cases. The costs of the ABPM-determined withdrawal of treatment programme were greater than the expected savings in drug costs, even assuming that all six @entity1 from whom treatment was withdrawn remained without treatment for a further 9 years. This conclusion was not sensitive to reducing the number of ABPM measurements and to inflation in study-drug costs. However, if all @entity1 had been treated with the most expensive drug, then even the full ABPM programme could have saved money within 9 years. CONCLUSIONS: Antihypertensive therapy could be withdrawn from only a small proportion of @entity1 in the community on the basis of ABPM. The costs of the programme are likely to exceed savings unless the cost of drugs administered is substantially higher than that observed in this study.

title: Safe withdrawal of monotherapy for XXXX is poorly effective and not likely to reduce health-care costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morus alba has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases; however, the scientific basis for such usage and the mechanism of action are not well understood. This study investigated the action of @entity33336 on leukocyte migration, one key step in @entity32 . METHODS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ) and cluster analyses of supercritical @entity515 extracts of three Morus species were performed for chemotaxonomy-aided plant authentication. Phytochemistry and CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis assays were used to characterize the chemical and biological properties of @entity33336 and its active compound, @entity52608 . fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and Western blot analyses were conducted to determine the mode of action of @entity52608 . RESULTS: Chemotaxonomy was used to help authenticate @entity33336 . Chemotaxis-based isolation identified @entity52608 as an active component in @entity33336 . Phytochemical and chemotaxis assays showed that the crude extract, @entity1046 fraction and @entity52608 from @entity33336 suppressed cell migration of Jurkat T cells in response to @entity1570 . Mechanistic study indicated that @entity52608 diminished CXCR4-mediated T-cell migration via inhibition of the MEK/ERK signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of GC- @entity15 and cluster analysis techniques are applicable for authentication of the Morus species. Anti-inflammatory benefits of @entity33336 and its active compound, @entity52608 , may involve the inhibition of CXCR-4-mediated chemotaxis and MEK/ERK pathway in T and other immune cells.

title: Morus alba and active compound XXXX exert anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of leukocyte migration involving MEK/ERK signaling.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity52608 :: ('MESH:C034912', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyresveratrol']

answer: @entity52608 :: (MESH:C034912,Chemical) :: ['oxyresveratrol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the effect of @entity2533 and post-transurethral resection of @entity150 (TURBT) urine on fibronectin (FN) expression by @entity189 ( @entity189 ) cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Northern analysis and rtPCR for mRNA transcripts, in combination with ELISA and immunohistochemistry for protein, were used to quantify the effect of @entity2533 and post-TURBT urine on cellular expression of FN in two @entity189 lines, 253J and 647V. The @entity2533 -dependent nature of the response seen in post-TURBT urine was confirmed using exogenous @entity2533 or blocking antibodies to @entity2533 . Active and latent levels of @entity2533 were measured in post-TURBT urine and urine "spiked" cell culture media. RESULTS: Baseline FN expression was low in the poorly differentiated, metastatic 253J line and high in the moderately differentiated 647V line. @entity2533 and post-TURBT urine increased FN expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in the 253J line. Anti- @entity2533 antibodies inhibited the effect of post-TURBT urine on FN expression in 253J cells. High levels of @entity2533 decreased FN expression in @entity1 cells. Only latent @entity2533 was present in samples of urine and media. CONCLUSIONS: FN production in low expressing @entity189 lines can be augmented by exogenous @entity2533 . TURBT increases latent urinary @entity2533 which in turn affects @entity189 FN expression. Altered @entity5 expression of FN following TURBT may influence the effectiveness of intravesical BCG.

title: Transurethral XXXX resection alters fibronectin expression in @entity189 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['TCC', 'transitional carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumor']


abstract: @entity2150 may result from several pathogenic mechanisms, the most common is idiopathic. The current definitive treatments for @entity2150 are bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or immunosuppressive (IS) therapy. The benefits of each are comparable. However, certain subsets of @entity1 derive superior benefit from one or the other. Bone marrow transplantation is the initial treatment of choice for young @entity1 (< 20 years old). It results in the complete reconstitution of hematopoiesis, whereas autologous hematopoietic remissions after IS therapy are more susceptible to relapse. Survival rates after BMT, in @entity1 between the ages of 20 and 40, are comparable to those reported for IS therapy. Better survival rates after BMT have been achieved with improved conditioning regimens and @entity2132 prophylaxis. For @entity1 older than 40, the treatment of choice is IS. Long-term complications of IS therapy include recurrence and development of @entity2214 . Long-term complications after BMT include @entity2132 and secondary @entity5 . The IS regimen includes the combination of antithymocyte globulin and @entity205 . The addition of growth factor to the IS regimen seems promising; however, their use on their own is not recommended. Androgens have been shown to be inferior in the treatment of @entity2150 . The role of BMT from an unrelated donor is being investigated.

title: Practical aspects in the diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal myeloid disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['Aplastic anemia', 'aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: 1. @entity20929 induced marked arterial and venous constrictions in the perfused mesenteric vasculature of the @entity35 with @entity1826 being at least 20 times less active than @entity1827 , on both arterial and venous sides of the vasculature. 2. Two @entity10932 selective agonists, @entity18672 and @entity13071 (500 pmol), induced weak constrictions of the venous mesenteric vasculature and were inactive in the arterial side at doses up to 1000 pmol. 3. In mesenteric vasculatures precontracted with either @entity7202 (arterial side) or the @entity2871 A2-mimetic, @entity2872 (venous side), @entity934 or @entity1812 produced vasodilations of both arterial and venous vessels, whereas @entity1826 induced vasodilations only on the arterial side. 4. A selective ETA receptor antagonist, @entity11344 , blocked, in a concentration-dependent and reversible fashion, the vasoconstrictions induced by @entity1827 on both sides of the mesenteric circulation (IC50; arterial side: 0.013 microM; venous side: 0.032 microM). 5. In contrast, the vasodilator responses induced by @entity1826 on the arterial side of the precontracted mesenteric vasculature were not affected by @entity11344 . 6. The present study illustrates the presence of ETA receptors which are responsible for vasoconstriction by endothelins in the arterial and venous mesenteric vasculatures. Furthermore, we suggest that the vasodilations induced by @entity1826 in the arterial vasculature uniquely, are @entity10932 receptor-mediated.

title: Characterization of receptors for endothelins in the perfused arterial and venous mesenteric vasculatures of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The effects of serotonergic agonists and antagonists on the body temperatures of @entity35 were investigated. The administration of the @entity750 ( @entity750 ) agonist @entity30409 ( @entity30409 ) produced a dose-related increase in body temperature. A maximal increase in body temperature of approx. 1.1 degrees C was observed 30 min after the administration of 3 mg/kg of @entity30409 . In contrast, administration of the putative 5-HT1A agonist @entity10097 ( @entity10097 ) resulted in marked, dose-related hypothermic responses. Body temperatures were decreased approx. 3 degrees C 30 min after an injection of 0.3 mg/kg of @entity10097 . Body temperatures were affected differentially by @entity16743 ( @entity16744 ). Large doses (3-10 mg/kg) of @entity16744 elicited hyperthermic responses, whereas small doses (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) produced hypothermic responses. Treatment of @entity35 with @entity6009 (3 mg/kg) completely prevented the hyperthermic effects of @entity16744 , and, in fact, converted a hyperthermic response to @entity16744 into a marked hypothermic response. @entity6009 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) selectively antagonized the hyperthermic response to @entity30409 but did not alter the hypothermic effect of @entity10097 . @entity5079 (10 mg/kg) and @entity37621 (0.03 mg/kg) also selectively antagonized @entity221 induced by @entity30409 . In contrast, @entity7690 (0.03-0.1 mg/kg) and @entity10896 (10 mg/kg) selectively antagonized @entity2332 induced by @entity10097 but did not alter @entity221 induced by @entity30409 . @entity11054 (0.1-3 mg/kg) and @entity3861 (10 mg/kg) attenuated the effects of both @entity10097 and @entity30409 . @entity6704 , a peripheral @entity750 antagonist, had no significant effect on @entity221 induced by @entity30409 or @entity2332 induced by @entity10097 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Thermoregulatory responses to @entity750 ( XXXX ) receptor stimulation in the @entity35 . Evidence for opposing roles of 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A receptors.

entities_list: @entity30409 :: ('MESH:C014896', 'Chemical') :: ['MK-212', '6-chloro-2(1-piperazinyl)-pyrazine']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['Mianserin']

entities_list: @entity6704 :: ('MESH:C005894', 'Chemical') :: ['Xylamidine']

entities_list: @entity10097 :: ('MESH:D017371', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin', '8-OH-DPAT']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity10896 :: ('MESH:D008719', 'Chemical') :: ['methiothepin']

entities_list: @entity16743 :: ('MESH:D008732', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine']

entities_list: @entity11054 :: ('MESH:D013134', 'Chemical') :: ['Spiperone']

entities_list: @entity3861 :: ('MESH:D010918', 'Chemical') :: ['pizotifen']

entities_list: @entity37621 :: ('MESH:C034177', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenperone']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-HT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is one of the main causes of disability worldwide, especially in @entity1 >55 years of age. Currently, controversy remains about the best therapeutic alternative for this disease when evaluated from a cost-effectiveness viewpoint. For Social Security Institutions in developing countries, it is very important to assess what drugs may decrease the subsequent use of medical care resources, considering their adverse events that are known to have a significant increase in medical care costs of @entity1 with @entity571 . Three treatment alternatives were compared: @entity12698 (200 mg twice daily), non-selective NSAIDs ( @entity1623 , 500 mg twice daily; @entity3522 , 100 mg twice daily; and @entity5230 , 20 mg/day) and @entity1443 , 1000 mg twice daily. The aim of this study was to identify the most cost-effective first-choice pharmacological treatment for the control of joint @entity158 secondary to @entity571 in @entity1 treated at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). METHODS: A cost-effectiveness assessment was carried out. A systematic review of the literature was performed to obtain transition probabilities. In order to evaluate analysis robustness, one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Estimations were done for a 6-month period. RESULTS: Treatment demonstrating the best cost-effectiveness results [lowest cost-effectiveness ratio  17.5 pesos/ @entity1 ( 1.75 USD)] was @entity12698 . According to the one-way sensitivity analysis, @entity12698 would need to markedly decrease its effectiveness in order for it to not be the optimal treatment option. In the probabilistic analysis, both in the construction of the acceptability curves and in the estimation of net economic benefits, the most cost-effective option was @entity12698 . CONCLUSION: From a Mexican institutional perspective and probably in other Social Security Institutions in similar developing countries, the most cost-effective option for treatment of knee and/or @entity570 would be @entity12698 .

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis for joint @entity158 treatment in @entity1 with XXXX treated at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS): Comparison of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) vs. cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Subretinal @entity548 involving the macula is a devastating complication of age-related @entity1020 . It may be successfully removed by vitrectomy but this surgery cannot be practiced in all @entity1 . We propose an alternative way to this surgery by injecting tissue plasminogen activator then gas in the vitreous. @entity1 AND METHODS: We treated seven @entity1 suffering from submacular @entity548 for less than seven days. We injected in the vitreous 50 micrograms of tissue plasminogen activator followed seven days later by an another intravitreous injection of 0.3 milliliter of C3F8. The @entity1 then had to stay in a "face down" position for seven days. RESULTS: In five cases the @entity548 was displaced enough to identify the @entity1940 accountable for the @entity548 in four cases. In one case, the displacement of the @entity1410 was incomplete but enough to identify and treat the neovascular membrane. In one case the injections were unsuccessfull. One recurrence occurred after four days after an initial successful displacement. The best corrected acuity was increased in four cases. No complication was attributed to the intravitreous injections. DISCUSSION: Treatment of @entity548 complicated age related @entity1020 by injected @entity3479 and gas into the vitreous is a safe and efficacious method particularly for patients with anticoagulation therapy or in poor health.

title: [Subretinal XXXX in age-related @entity1020 : treatment with intravitreal injection of @entity3479 and gas].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subretinal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['subretinal hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: The use of the laparoscopic technique in treating @entity14 for cure is still a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection (APR) in treating @entity5 of the lower rectum and anus and to compare the results with @entity1 of matched age and diagnosis treated by conventional open APR by the same surgeon during the same time period. Between August 1991 and December 1996, we performed 235 laparoscopic colorectal procedures, including 8 laparoscopic APRs for @entity5 of the lower rectum or anus. There were 6 female and 2 male @entity1 of a mean age of 67 years. Pathologies included 4 @entity420 , 2 @entity320 , 1 @entity1822 , and 1 @entity957 . Four procedures were laparoscopically completed, and 3 were laparoscopic-assisted. One was converted to an open procedure due to dense adhesions. Five procedures were performed with palliative intent, whereas 3 were performed with curative intent. These @entity1 were evaluated for procedural safety, distal and lateral resection margins, number of lymph nodes harvested, operative time, @entity86 , length of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. Results were compared with 7 conventional APRs performed between 1991 and 1996, 5 of which were performed for palliation. Histologic studies of the specimen demonstrated free lateral resection margins in all cases in both groups. No differences were noted in the mean free distal resection margins among the four groups: laparoscopic, 2.5 cm; laparoscopic-assisted, 3 cm; converted, 6 cm; and open, 3.6 cm. Mean lymph node harvest was 9, 9, 9, and 10 nodes, respectively. Mean length of surgery was 181, 198, 240, and 131 minutes, respectively. The length of @entity86 was 3.2, 7, 3, and 5.9 days, respectively. Mean postoperative length of stay was 6.5, 7, 6, and 12.5 days, respectively. Morbidity was 25 per cent in the laparoscopy group and 43 per cent in the open group. There was no 30-day postoperative mortality recorded in any group. Laparoscopic APR is associated with a 50 per cent reduction in the length of hospitalization without any compromise to lateral or distal resection margins, number of lymph nodes harvested, or morbidity.

title: Laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['anorectal cancer']


abstract: To evaluate the usefulness of chemoradiotherapy for @entity5 , we retrospectively analyzed disease-free survival (DFS) and acute @entity137 of the @entity1 treated with this therapy. Between 1990 and 1998, 15 @entity1 were treated with alternating chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Chemotherapy (CT) mainly consisted of @entity1487 700 mg/m2 (i.v.) on days 1-5 and @entity1814 100-140 mg/m2 (i.v.) on day 6. Chemotherapy was administered before the beginning of radiotherapy. One cycle of this treatment consisted of CT and a subsequent 27 to 36 Gy of radiotherapy, as a general rule, two cycles were performed. Radiotherapy was delivered in single daily fractions of 1.8 to 2 Gy, to a total dose of 54 to 75 Gy for local lesions and 45 to 86.3 Gy for nodal metastases in the neck. As a historical control, 52 @entity1 treated with curative radiotherapy between 1971 and 1990 were analyzed and compared with the CRT group in terms of DFS. The complete response rate with CRT was 100%. The three-year DFS were 87% and 38% with CRT and @entity138 , respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.0081). The most frequent and severe acute @entity137 was @entity33 , with grade 3-4 occurring in 47%. Acute hematologic @entity137 were mild. Therefore, this CRT is considered to be an effective and tolerable treatment, and is expected to improve survival for @entity5 @entity1 .

title: [Alternating chemoradiotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Associations of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits and hospital admissions for @entity565 in @entity1 with demographics and area socio-economic status (SES) were examined to evaluate long-term trends and identify vulnerable populations. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective population-based trend and cross-sectional analyses. METHODS: Asthma hospital admissions (2000-2007) and @entity341 visits (2005-2007) for @entity1 aged 0-14 years living in Orange County, California were linked with @entity10688 -code-level SES data (2000 US Census). Annual population estimates were obtained to calculate age-specific admissions and @entity341 visit rates. @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) were calculated with joinpoint analyses. The risks of @entity341 visits and hospital admissions were estimated from SES indicators with negative binomial regression. RESULTS: Rates of @entity565 hospital admissions and @entity341 visits were highest among @entity1 aged 0-4 years, males and African Americans, and lowest among Asian/Pacific Islanders. African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos were more likely to be uninsured. Asthma admissions decreased significantly for all age groups over the study period. The greatest declines per 100,000 were among @entity1 aged 0-4 years ( @entity1987 : -15.3%, 95% confidence interval -17.0% to -13.4%). Rates of hospital admissions and @entity341 visits were significantly higher in low-SES groups. Hospital admission rates were 30-60% higher and @entity341 visits were 80-90% higher in @entity10688 codes in the lowest tertile of median household income compared with the highest tertile of median household income. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric @entity565 hospitalizations and @entity341 visit rates are declining in Orange County. However, certain groups are disproportionately affected, including those living in areas with low SES. This information will help in targeting intervention strategies to @entity1 at highest risk for severe @entity565 episodes.

title: Paediatric XXXX hospital utilization varies by demographic factors and area socio-economic status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['AAPC', 'Average annual percentage changes']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 @entity5069 ( @entity5069 , collectively) cause @entity64 . We evaluated whether treating specialty influences @entity1229 prescription in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity5069 . METHODS: In the TREAT- @entity5069 study, we used Veterans Health Administration health record and claims data to identify @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity5069 between October 2004 and November 2008 and at least 1 internal medicine/primary care or cardiology outpatient encounter within 90 days after diagnosis. The primary outcome was prescription of @entity1229 . RESULTS: In 141,642 @entity1 meeting the inclusion criteria, the mean age was 72.3    10.2 years, 1.48% were @entity1 , and 25.8% had cardiology outpatient care. Cardiology-treated @entity1 had more comorbidities and higher mean CHADS2 scores (1.8 vs 1.6, P < .0001). @entity1229 use was higher in cardiology-treated vs primary care only-treated @entity1 (68.6% vs 48.9%, P < .0001). After covariate and site-level adjustment, cardiology care was significantly associated with @entity1229 use (odds ratio [OR] 2.05, 95% CI 1.99-2.11). These findings were consistent across a series of adjusted models (OR 2.05-2.20), propensity matching (OR 1.98), and subgroup analyses (OR 1.58-2.11). @entity1229 use in primary-care-only @entity1 declined from 2004 to 2008 (51.6%-44.0%, P < .0001), whereas the adjusted odds of @entity1229 receipt with cardiology care (vs primary care) increased from 2004 to 2008 (1.88-2.24, P < .0001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity5069 , we found large differences in anticoagulation use by treating specialty. A divergent 5-year trend of risk-adjusted @entity1229 use was observed. Treating specialty influences @entity64 prevention care and may impact clinical outcomes.

title: Differences and trends in @entity64 prevention anticoagulation in primary care vs cardiology specialty management of new @entity955 : The Retrospective Evaluation and Assessment of Therapies in XXXX (TREAT- @entity5069 ) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity5069 :: ('MESH:D054141', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'and flutter']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity5069 :: (MESH:D054141,Disease) :: ['AF']


abstract: AIM: To investigate @entity1140 (Tac)-based treatment in @entity775 ( @entity775 ). Twenty @entity1 (13 @entity1 ; age, 8-17 years; median, 13.25 years) with @entity775 were treated with two daily oral doses of Tac. Six of them had advanced @entity409 and/or @entity82 . METHODS: Drug concentrations in blood were measured regularly, and the target trough levels were 2.5-5 ng/mL. The @entity1 were followed up for 1 year. Their clinical, biochemical, immunological and histological status was obtained at baseline and after 1 year. RESULTS: In three cases, Tac alone led to complete remission. In 14 cases, additional low doses of @entity617 or @entity500 were used for a short time to achieve remission. In two cases, the treatment was discontinued: in one because of therapeutic failure, in another because of a suspected but unverified adverse event. Ten @entity1 reported @entity10 and/or recurrent @entity490 . Two @entity1 developed @entity29 . Renal function remained intact. CONCLUSION: Tac is a promising alternative first line of treatment for @entity775 . Although monotherapy with Tac is usually not sufficient to achieve complete remission, the @entity617 and @entity500 doses can be drastically reduced, and most of their side effects avoided.

title: @entity1140 without or with the addition of conventional immunosuppressive treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile autoimmune hepatitis', 'AIH']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['juvenile autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: We investigated the efficiency of @entity645 isolation from the PBL of 23 healthy, @entity645 -seropositive individuals with high (600-700/mm3) @entity404 + T cell counts. Cocultivations of @entity1 ' PBL with allogeneic T lymphocyte blasts or monocytes were performed. T lymphocyte blasts allowed recovery of 4/23 (17%) @entity645 isolates, whereas monocytes allowed recovery of 12/23 (52%) isolates. Monocyte cultures sustained release of viral antigen for up to 70 days. Nine of the viral isolations could be accomplished only with this monocyte coculture technique. To determine the in vivo source of the macrophage-tropic @entity645 isolates we separated PBL from 5 of these 9 @entity1 into T lymphocyte and monocyte fractions by cell sorting; then, we analyzed the fractions by PCR to amplify @entity645 proviral DNA. In 4 out of 5 @entity1 studied @entity2858 proviral DNA was detected only in T lymphocytes but not in monocytes, although the virus was isolated exclusively by monocyte coculture technique. In the remaining @entity1 , @entity645 DNA was found to be present in both T cells and monocytes. Thus, @entity645 can be more efficiently isolated in healthy seropositive individuals by coculture of their PBL with normal monocytes rather than T cell blasts. Of note, the most common in vivo source of viral isolates which preferentially infect monocytes in vitro ("macrophage-tropic strains") is the circulating @entity404 + T lymphocyte.

title: Efficient macrophage isolation of XXXX immunodeficiency virus from peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy seropositive individuals: implications for cell tropism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate @entity1 's caregivers' attitudes towards @entity221 in an emergency department setting. METHODS: A 25-item questionnaire was formulated, on the basis of similar previous published surveys, for administration to a convenience sample of caregivers. It was administered by a medical translator after triage, before assessment by a physician. Most questions were multiple choice, a few open-ended. RESULTS: Three hundred questionnaires were administered to caregivers and 264 were analyzed. A high proportion (82%) of caregivers professed to be 'very worried' about @entity221 . Temperatures that were felt to require treatment were relatively low (one-third treating <37.9 degrees C), but many respondents measured body temperature at the axilla. Similar to previously published studies, the main specific concerns were possible central nervous system damage (24%), @entity410 (19%) and @entity204 (5%), although worries about discomfort and signs of @entity221 were also expressed by a significant number of respondents (11%). Similar to older surveys, home treatment of @entity221 was worrisome, with too-frequent dosing ( @entity1443 <q4h, 27%; @entity5018 <q6h, 50%) and possibly inappropriate topical treatments (76%) being used. The presence of both parents in the emergency department was associated with lower levels of worry. CONCLUSIONS: We found high levels of @entity148 among caregivers presenting to a hospital emergency department with a complaint of @entity221 in a @entity1 . Many caregivers appear to confuse effects of @entity221 with the harmful effects of @entity221 . @entity146 and potentially dangerous home therapy and monitoring of @entity221 is common among the caregivers surveyed.

title: 'Fever phobia' in the emergency department: a survey of XXXX 's caregivers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'fever', 'serious illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Clear cell @entity511 is a rare @entity3478 with a slow progressive clinical course and infrequent @entity3 , but with a high local recurrence rate. We sought to ascertain the long-term outcome of @entity1 with this @entity5 and to identify possible factors predicting survival. Sixteen @entity1 with clear cell @entity511 treated at one institution and who had long-term clinical followup were identified. All @entity1 were treated by surgical resection of the @entity5 , which was classified as clear (> 2 mm) in 10 @entity1 and marginal or intralesional in six @entity1 . Three @entity1 had local recurrence after a median of 1.7 years. @entity3 developed in four @entity1 with a median time to diagnosis of 8.1 years. Ten-year overall survival of @entity1 with clear cell @entity511 was 89%, and disease-free survival was 68%. @entity1 with surgical resections comprising clear margins had longer disease-free survival compared with @entity1 with @entity5 . Inadequate surgical resection of @entity1358 leads to risk of local recurrence and @entity3 . The @entity5 has a tendency to metastasize relatively late, therefore, followup of @entity1 is necessary after the generally accepted 5-year period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, Level III (case control study). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: An institutional review of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'marginal and intralesional tumors', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastatic disease', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell chondrosarcoma']


abstract: The natural occurrence of @entity1573 and @entity233 -origin astroviruses in @entity4186 ( @entity4186 domesticus) is described. Twenty-two @entity4186 flocks were covered by this research. The liver, spleen, kidney and intestines were sampled and tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for the presence of @entity778 ( @entity778 ), @entity53744 (CAstV), @entity53745 (TAstV)-1, TAstV-2 and @entity4186 astrovirus. The astrovirus infection was confirmed in multiple organ samples from 59.1% of tested flocks. CAstV was detected in one flock, TAstV-2 in three flocks and @entity778 in 10 flocks. The molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the small open reading frame (ORF) 1b fragment (130 nucleotides) of all @entity1573 and @entity233 -origin astroviruses detected in @entity4186 showed that @entity778 -sequence group was more distant from CastV, TAstV-1 and TAstV-2 sequences, which formed a separate, more related group. @entity778 sequences were divided into three subgroups, suggesting that several types of @entity778 were circulating in Croatian @entity4186 flocks. The comparison of the partial ORF 1b (254 @entity2036 ) @entity4186 @entity778 sequences with 21 ANVs detected in various avian species ( @entity1573 , @entity233 , geese, guinea fowl and pigeons) revealed they shared the higher @entity377 (95.6 to 97.2%) and @entity535 (98.8 to 100%) identity with two @entity778 -2-like sequences from @entity1573 (GA-SEP-A451-05 and GA-CK-SEP @entity778 -364-2005). Phylogenetic neighbour-joining tree analysis based on the same @entity377 alignment, and performed using the Jukes-Cantor method, clustered the compared sequences into three groups. All analysed @entity4186 @entity778 sequences showed a close phylogenetic relationship with @entity1573 -origin ANVs. Additional work is required to determine the significance and pathogenicity of @entity1573 and @entity233 -origin astroviruses in @entity4186 .

title: Circulation and phylogenetic relationship of XXXX and @entity233 -origin astroviruses detected in @entity4186 ( @entity4186 domesticus).

entities_list: @entity4186 :: ('8839', 'Species') :: ['Anas platyrhynchos', 'domestic ducks', 'ducks', 'duck']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['avian nephritis virus', 'ANV']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity53745 :: ('70793', 'Species') :: ['turkey astrovirus']

entities_list: @entity53744 :: ('336959', 'Species') :: ['chicken astrovirus']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Locally advanced @entity0 (LABC) is commonly treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive surgery. The factors influencing the response of LABC to presurgical chemotherapy are incompletely understood. To characterize in vivo @entity5 biology in @entity1 with LABC, we measured pretherapy blood flow and @entity413 metabolism in LABC, compared measurements with clinical and pathologic parameters, and examined blood flow and response to subsequent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 with newly diagnosed LABC underwent @entity419 and @entity8493 -water PET imaging. Thirty-one of these @entity1 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and response was evaluated by serial measurements of @entity5 size and pathologic examination after definitive surgery after chemotherapy. Tumor metabolism was estimated from graphic analysis of dynamic @entity419 studies and was expressed as the metabolic rate of @entity419 (MRFDG). Blood flow was estimated from dynamic images after bolus @entity8493 -water injection using a 1-compartment model. Tumor blood flow and metabolism were compared with clinical and pathologic parameters and with response to chemotherapy. RESULTS: Both blood flow and metabolism were significantly higher in @entity5 than in normal breast. Tumor blood flow and metabolism were correlated but highly variable. There were weak associations of metabolism with @entity1 age and @entity5 grade and of blood flow with @entity172 receptor status. There was a statistically significant trend for @entity1 with a high MRFDG to have a poorer response to therapy (P = 0.001). Response was not significantly correlated with any other parameters. A low ratio of MRFDG to blood flow was the best predictor of macroscopic complete response (CR) (P = 0.02 vs. non-CR). Preliminary analysis of @entity1 follow-up showed the ratio of MRFDG to blood flow to also be predictive of disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: Despite uniformly large @entity5 size, blood flow and metabolism in LABC are highly variable. High @entity413 metabolism predicts a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and low MRFDG relative to blood flow is a predictor of CR. Further work is needed to elucidate the biologic mechanisms underlying these findings.

title: Blood flow and metabolism in locally advanced XXXX : relationship to response to therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The prognostic evaluation of the @entity1 with an @entity583 is one of the most interesting unanswered problems. This is both because of its complexity and its implications in terms of secondary prevention. Several clinical studies have emphasized the reliability of the prognostic evaluation based on data collected during the first 24 hours. We therefore evaluated the prognostic relevance of 26 variables measured in the coronary care unit in 1914 @entity1 admitted to our Unit as a result of @entity583 during the past 10 years. Twenty-four @entity1 were lost to follow-up so that the evaluation refers to 1,890 @entity1 , 1,506 of whom are males aged between 22 and 99 years (mean 58.1) and 384 are females aged between 29 and 88 years (mean 67.1); thus there is a greater prevalence of males. The sex-related difference in the age distribution is statistically significant. In-hospital mortality was analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods (chi-squared test, multiple logistic regression analysis). The prognostic relevance of the considered variables in relation to the survival was analysed using the logrank test and using Cox's model. The variables associated with a greater risk of in-hospital @entity204 were found to be: age, presence of @entity6 , anterior location of the @entity1188 , arterial @entity551 at admission, Killip class III and IV and the presence of @entity67 . In contrast, smokers had a lower in-hospital @entity204 risk. As to mortality during the follow-up, there was an association with age, female sex, pre-existent @entity301 , presence of high heart rate on admission, low peripheral tissue perfusion, x-ray documented @entity891 , supraventricular tachiarrhythmias and @entity1757 . In contrast, the presence of @entity28 was associated with a reduced @entity204 risk during the follow-up. During the follow-up the most frequent cause of @entity204 was re- @entity1188 , followed by @entity944 , @entity204 from non-cardiac causes and @entity712 .

title: [Early and late prognosis in acute @entity583 . A retrospective study in XXXX admitted to the coronary care unit in the past 10 years].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular block']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhithmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The eighth component of @entity1 complement (C8) is composed of two subunits which are products from three separate genes. The alpha-gamma- and the beta-subunit of C8 are expressed independently, and are part of the membrane attack complex. C8 is primarily synthesized in the liver. It has been shown in previous studies that the @entity1 @entity157 cell line HepG2 constitutively expresses C8, and thus is a suitable model system for studying C8 biosynthesis in vitro. Expression is modulated by the cytokines @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity379 . The effect of the different cytokines on the expression of these subunits was examined using biosynthetical labelling and immunoprecipitation methods. C8 alpha-gamma is expressed first and secreted independently from @entity37673 . After 5 h labelling, the expression is strongly reduced, and the majority of C8 alpha-gamma is found in the supernatant. @entity37673 expression exhibits a different pattern with a much slower rate of biosynthesis and secretion. Evidence was obtained for an independent secretion of the @entity37673 chain. C8 alpha-gamma expression is strongly enhanced after stimulation with the cytokines @entity650 , @entity379 and @entity1356 . In contrast, only @entity379 but not @entity650 and @entity1356 had an increasing effect on the expression of @entity37673 . Thus the total amount of assembled functionally active C8 appears to be limited by the rate of @entity37673 expression.

title: Expression of the @entity1 complement C8 subunits is independently regulated by XXXX , @entity650 , and @entity379 .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['interleukin 1 beta']


abstract: At present Non-A and Non-B @entity99 disseminated from the intestine in the world is believed to have a better prognosis and has no chronicity. From 1980-1986, this @entity99 has occurred in the south of Xinjiang. It was sporadic (1980-1985) and there was an outbreak (1986). Our study indicated that the results from 500 cases followed up for two years were different from the literature reported. 1. @entity1 with @entity382 were 11.2% at 7th months, 12.8% at 19th months and 45.3% at 28th months. At the same time there were 3 cases of @entity381 and spider in each of the 19th month and 28th month. 2. Liver function test showed that gamma- @entity3007 , BSP and gamma-globulins rose in different degrees among the 3-7 month cases. Reexamined at 19th months, 3.6% cases of both ZTT and SGPT were high. General proteins of 8% @entity1 dropped. In 42% of the @entity1 the globulins rose and the album in dropped. 3. Biopsy of the liver after 28th months demonstrated that it was in agreement with the pathologic changes found in @entity3619 of CPH under the light microscope and electron microscope.

title: [Chronic process with Non-A and Non-B XXXX disseminated from the intestine (appended 500 cases followed up for two years)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lobule hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence for the safety and effectiveness of antiemetics on @entity391 in @entity1 and adolescents. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE searched from 1980 to March 2012. METHODS: Methods included @entity1650 , data synthesis, meta-analysis and mixed treatment comparisons (MTC). REVIEW METHODS: Reference lists were checked, and missing or inconsistent data were sought from trial investigators. Randomised controlled trials comparing antiemetics in @entity1 younger than 18 years and who were @entity391 due to @entity697 . Four meta-analyses and three MTC were carried out. RESULTS: 10 trials (1479 @entity1 ) and five treatments were included: @entity619 , @entity18399 , @entity10442 , @entity1769 and @entity3974 . There was clear evidence that @entity3974 (oral or intravenous) compared with placebo increased the proportion of @entity1 with @entity391 (orally administered) (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.61), reduced the immediate hospital admission rate (orally administered) (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.83) and the need for intravenous rehydration therapy (orally administered) (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.59). No significant difference was noted in the revisit rates, but @entity3974 was associated with an increase in episodes of @entity294 . There was no evidence for the use of @entity619 or @entity1769 and limited evidence that dimenhydrinate or @entity10442 increased the @entity391 . The MTC analysis suggested that @entity3974 was the most likely treatment to stop the @entity1 @entity391 . Nine studies were carried out in secondary care and one in primary care. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review used a method novel to this clinical area and found clear evidence that @entity3974 was the most likely treatment to allow oral rehydration therapy to commence. Given the significance of these results, the authors urge healthcare policy makers to consider the wider use of @entity3974 in secondary care. Furthermore, randomised controlled trials are needed to investigate the effectiveness of antiemetic treatment in primary care (including ambulatory care interventions).

title: Antiemetic treatment for @entity697 in XXXX : an updated Cochrane systematic review with meta-analysis and mixed treatment comparison in a Bayesian framework.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'gastroenteritis-induced vomiting', 'cessation of vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive searches']

entities_list: @entity18399 :: ('MESH:D004111', 'Chemical') :: ['dimenhydrinate']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['granisetron']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Whilst endothelin (ET) receptor antagonism has been evaluated in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) remodeling, endothelin-converting enzyme ( @entity1828 ) inhibition has not been determined. In the study reported here female @entity35 underwent coronary artery ligation, then were randomized 24 h @entity583 to either no therapy (control) or 7 days therapy with the highly selective @entity1828 inhibitor, @entity54204 (Fujisawa, Osaka, Japan) 100 mg/kg/day, by continuous subcutaneous infusion. Echocardiography [fractional shortening (FS), internal dimensions and @entity121 ( @entity121 )] and invasive hemodynamics were performed before sacrifice on day 8, with subsequent cardiac immunohistochemistry. Plasma concentrations of @entity1827 (39 AA) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). @entity1828 inhibitor-treated @entity35 [n = 6, @entity1188 size (IS) 37 +/- 2%) were compared to control @entity35 with similar size @entity583 (n = 8, IS 38 +/- 3%). Values for sham-operated @entity35 were: @entity121 0.49 +/- 0.02; left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) 6.2 +/- 0.5 mm; left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) systolic3.5 +/- 0.5 mm; blood pressure ( @entity45304 ) 119 +/- 4 mmHg; heart rate 340 +/- 21 bpm; and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) 12 +/- 2 mmHg, FS 46 +/- 4%. @entity1828 inhibition was confirmed by increased big ET-1 to ET-1 ratio (0.23 +/- 0.06 vs 0.05 +/- 0.02, @entity1828 inhibitor vs control, p < 0.05). @entity1828 inhibitor increased @entity121 (0.43 +/- 0.03 vs 0.35 +/- 0.02, p < 0.05) contributed to by reduced left ventricular (LV) internal dimensions (EDd 7.5 +/- 0.4 vs 7.9 +/- 0.3 mm, ESd 5.2 +/- 0.5 vs 5.6 +/- 0.3 mm, @entity1828 inhibitor vs control respectively). There were also trends in @entity1828 inhibitor @entity35 to increased FS (31 +/- 4 vs 29 +/- 2%), decreased @entity45304 (99 +/- 4 vs 104 +/- 4 mmHg), heart rate (355 +/- 28 vs 385 +/- 12 bpm) and LVEDP (23 +/- 2 vs 25 +/- 1 mmHg), all p = NS, @entity1828 inhibitor vs control. Immunoreactive cardiac collagen I peptide was unchanged by @entity1828 inhibitor, however, @entity1918 , a marker of myofibroblast activation, was decreased in the @entity1188 zone of @entity1828 inhibitor @entity35 (35 +/- 4 vs 46 +/- 3%, @entity1828 inhibitor vs control, p < 0.05). This study concludes that selective @entity1828 inhibitor with @entity54204 reduces the conversion of big ET-1 to ET-1 in @entity583 @entity35 and improves some parameters of cardiac remodeling early @entity583 . However, longer-term studies are needed fully to assess the therapeutic potential of @entity1828 inhibitor @entity583 and in @entity712 .

title: Effect of a highly selective endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor on cardiac remodeling in @entity35 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'MI', 'post-myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['relative wall thickness', 'RWT']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transitional care is a time-limited service to prevent discontinuous care and adverse outcomes, including rehospitalization. PURPOSE: To describe transitional care interventions and evidence of benefit or harm in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity64 or @entity583 ( @entity583 ). DATA SOURCES: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and EMBASE, supplemented with manual searches of reference lists of relevant studies and review articles (January 2000 to March 2012). STUDY SELECTION: 6 reviewers screened 5857 citations to identify English-language reports of trials or observational studies that compared transitional care with usual care among adults hospitalized for @entity64 or @entity583 and that reported @entity1 , caregiver, process, or systems outcomes within 1 year of hospital discharge. DATA EXTRACTION: Data on study design, quality, population, intervention characteristics, and @entity1 - and system-level outcomes were extracted by 3 reviewers and confirmed by 1 additional reviewer. DATA SYNTHESIS: 62 articles representing 44 studies of transitional care for either @entity64 (27 studies) or @entity583 (17 studies). Four intervention types were studied: hospital-initiated support (n = 14), @entity1 and family education (n = 7), community-based support (n = 20), and chronic disease management (n = 3). Most studies (68%) were of fair quality. Overall, moderate-strength evidence showed that hospital-initiated support reduced length of stay for @entity1 who had a @entity64 , and low-strength evidence showed that it reduced mortality for @entity1 who had an @entity583 . Evidence about benefits of other interventions and harms from transitional care services was insufficient. LIMITATIONS: Few studies had high-quality research designs. The usual care comparator was often poorly defined. Applicability to U.S. clinical practice was limited; only 6 studies were conducted in the United States. CONCLUSION: Available evidence shows that hospital-initiated transitional care can improve some outcomes in adults hospitalized for @entity64 or @entity583 . Finding additional transitional care interventions that improve functional outcomes and prevent rehospitalizations and adverse events is a high priority for the growing population of @entity1 who have an @entity583 or a @entity64 . PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

title: Transitional care after hospitalization for @entity64 or XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']