abstract: RATIONALE: Asthma exacerbations are commonly precipitated by @entity1729 (URIs). @entity560 insufficiency associates with susceptibility to URI in @entity1 with @entity565 . Trials of @entity560 in adults with @entity565 with incidence of exacerbation and URI as primary outcome are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a randomised controlled trial of @entity3875 supplementation for the prevention of @entity565 exacerbation and URI (coprimary outcomes). MEASUREMENTS AND METHODS: 250 adults with @entity565 in London, UK were allocated to receive six 2-monthly oral doses of 3   mg @entity3875 (n=125) or placebo (n=125) over 1   year. Secondary outcomes included @entity565 control test and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores, fractional exhaled @entity842 and concentrations of inflammatory markers in induced sputum. Subgroup analyses were performed to determine whether effects of supplementation were modified by baseline @entity560 status or genotype for 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 11 @entity560 pathway genes. MAIN RESULTS: 206/250 @entity1 (82%) were @entity560 insufficient at baseline. @entity3875 did not influence time to first severe exacerbation (adjusted HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.53, p=0.91) or first URI (adjusted HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.16, p=0.34). No clinically important effect of @entity3875 was seen on any of the secondary outcomes listed above. The influence of @entity3875 on coprimary outcomes was not modified by baseline @entity560 status or genotype. CONCLUSIONS: Bolus-dose @entity3875 supplementation did not influence time to exacerbation or URI in a population of adults with @entity565 with a high prevalence of baseline @entity560 insufficiency. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00978315 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

title: Double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of bolus-dose @entity3875 supplementation in adults with XXXX (ViDiAs).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin D3', 'vitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['viral upper respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: 1. Dyslipoproteinaemia is a cardinal feature of the @entity209 that accelerates @entity731 . It is characterized by high plasma concentrations of @entity412 -rich and apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins, with depressed concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Dysregulation of lipoprotein metabolism in these subjects may be due to a combination of overproduction of very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) @entity755 , decreased catabolism of @entity755 -containing particles and increased catabolism of HDL @entity1675 particles. 2. Nutritional interventions may favourably alter lipoprotein transport in the @entity209 . We review our collaborative studies, using stable isotopes and compartmental modelling, of the kinetic effects of fish oils, plant @entity3150 ( @entity9541 ) and @entity353 in this disorder. 3. Fish oil supplementation diminished hepatic secretion of VLDL- @entity755 and enhanced conversion of VLDL to low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity755 , without altering catabolism. 4. Plant @entity3150 ( @entity9541 ) did not have a significant effect on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoprotein or the kinetics of @entity755 and @entity1675 . 5. Modest weight reduction optimally decreased plasma @entity412 and LDL- @entity165 via reduction in hepatic @entity755 secretion and reciprocal upregulation of LDL catabolism. 6. The scope and potential of future studies using stable isotope tracers is discussed.

title: Fish oils, @entity9541 and XXXX in the regulation of lipoprotein transport in the @entity209 : lessons from stable isotope tracer studies.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction on the dyslipoproteinaemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity9541 :: ('MESH:D010840', 'Chemical') :: ['phytosterols']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: The German reunification offers a unique opportunity to study the impact of environmental factors on the development of childhood respiratory and @entity56 in ethnically similar populations. We investigated the prevalence of @entity565 , hay @entity221 , @entity402 , and @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ) in 9- to 11-year old @entity1 in West Germany (n = 5,030) and East Germany (n = 2,623). A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the parents. @entity1 underwent cold air challenge and @entity566 skin prick tests. Atopic sensitization was considerably more frequent in West German @entity1 than in their peers in East Germany (36.7% versus 18.2%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.6, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of current @entity2023 was significantly higher in West Germany when compared with that in East Germany (5.9% versus 3.9%; OR = 1.5, p < 0.0001 and 8.6% versus 2.7%; OR = 3.4, p < 0.0001, respectively). @entity3617 , however, was more prevalent in East Germany than in the western part of the country. The prevalence of @entity2488 as assessed by cold air challenge was higher in West Germany compared with that in East Germany (8.3% versus 5.5%, OR = 1.6, p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that the West German study area was no longer a significant independent determinant of @entity565 once sensitization to mites, @entity468 , and pollen was taken into account. We conclude that sensitization to aeroallergens is strikingly more frequent in West Germany than in East Germany and this may explain the differences in the prevalence of @entity2023 between the two parts of the country.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and @entity402 in two areas of West and East Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['asthma and hay fever']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the effect of hypoalbuminaemia as a marker of @entity3147 on the 30-day postoperative complication rate and mortality in @entity1 receiving surgical treatment for @entity173 using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. METHODS: We analyzed all @entity1 admitted with @entity173 receiving surgical treatment from 2011 to 2013. @entity1 were dichotomized based on their albumin levels; hypoalbuminaemia (albumin <3.5g/dL), and nonhypoalbuminaemia (albumin >3.5g/dL). @entity1 demographics, @entity260 , and length of stay were analysed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the ability of albumin level for predicting @entity260 , length of stay, and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 10,117 @entity1 with @entity173 were identified with 5414 @entity1 with normal albumin levels, and 4703 with low albumin. Multivariate analysis showed that when controlling for comorbidities; hypoalbuminaemia alone was a predictor of @entity260 ( @entity204 , unplanned intubation, being on a ventilator   >48h, @entity295 , and blood transfusion), and increased length of stay (6.90  7.23 versus 8.44  8.70, CI 0.64-1.20, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Hypoalbuminaemia alone can predict postoperative outcomes in @entity1 with @entity173 . Furthermore, @entity1 with hypoalbuminaemia had a longer hospital length of stay. Further studies are needed to assess whether nutritional support can improve @entity260 in @entity1 with hypoalbuminaemia.

title: Hypoalbuminaemia-a marker of @entity3147 and predictor of @entity260 and mortality after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity2270 ( @entity2270 ) of the femur is substantially changed after mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to a discrepancy in bone cut thickness between the posterior and distal femoral regions. This study assessed the bony gap changes and @entity2270 caused by this problem in @entity571 @entity1 . METHODS: The study enrolled 60 knees from 60 @entity1 for whom primary TKA was planned due to medial knee @entity571 . All @entity1 underwent computed tomography, and 3-dimensional (3D) bone models were reconstructed on 3D-planning software. Bone cuts of the distal femur and proximal tibia were simulated to be perpendicular to each mechanical @entity2270 . Bony gap change was computed as the difference in bone cut thickness between medial and lateral compartments. Each femoral condyle was assessed for potential @entity2270 , as the difference in bone cut thickness between posterior and distal femoral regions. RESULTS: The mean magnitude of bony gap discrepancy necessary for mediolateral balancing was 1.6        3.3  mm (range -7 to 8.2  mm) at 0   extension and -0.2        2.6  mm (range -6.4 to 4.3  mm) at 90   flexion. At least 2  mm of bony gap discrepancy at 0   extension and 90   flexion was found in 40 @entity1 (67%) and 26 @entity1 (43%), respectively. In terms of femoral bone cut, posterior bone cut thickness was significantly larger than distal bone cut thickness in the medial compartment (p   <   0.001). Bony gap discrepancy between distal and posterior regions of the femoral condyle was >= 2  mm in 28 @entity1 (47%). CONCLUSIONS: This study focused on two flaws of mechanically aligned TKA in @entity571 @entity1 . Substantial numbers of @entity1 inevitably required >2  mm of medial collateral ligament release at 0   extension and showed a bone cut discrepancy between distal and posterior regions, carrying a risk of @entity2270 and subsequent unnatural knee motions during knee extension and flexion. Level of evidence IV.

title: Mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty carries a risk of bony gap changes and XXXX displacement.

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['FEA displacement', 'FEA', 'axis', 'flexion-extension axis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['flexion-extension axis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is a recurrent problem that frequently requires repeat cardioversion. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is indicated before cardioversion in @entity1 who are underanticoagulated ( @entity1229 therapy <3 weeks or international normalized ratio [INR] <2.0). It remains uncertain if TEE should be repeated in underanticoagulated @entity1 who had no @entity955 detected by previous TEE. Methods and results From January 1996 to June 2001, 76 @entity1 (43 @entity1 , 33 @entity1 ; mean age, 68.8 +/- 10.4 years) who were underanticoagulated and had no @entity955 in previous TEE underwent repeat TEE before cardioversion of recurrent @entity955 . The duration of recurrent @entity955 at the time of the second TEE was 5.1 +/- 9.3 months (1 day to 4 years). The underlying diseases included @entity453 (n = 30), @entity101 (n = 22), @entity340 (n = 8), @entity384 (n = 4), @entity1121 (n = 2), and others (n = 10). Eight (10.5%) @entity1 (2 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ; mean age, 68.6 +/- 6.6 years) were found to have intra- @entity955 on the second TEE. Of these 8 @entity1 , 3 had @entity453 , 1 had @entity101 , 2 had @entity384 , 1 had @entity1121 , and 1 had @entity955 of unknown cause. The duration of recurrent @entity955 in @entity1 with and without thrombi was not significantly different (3.6 +/- 4.7 versus 5.3 +/- 9.7 months, P =.22). Of the 8 @entity1 with intra- @entity955 on the second TEE, 5 had been taking @entity1229 for 3 to 4 weeks but had subtherapeutic INR and 3 were taking @entity117 only. Compared with @entity1 without intra- @entity955 , @entity1 with intra- @entity955 had lower ejection fraction (32.5% +/- 18.1% versus 49.9% +/- 14.1%, P =.015), slower left atrial appendage empty velocity (0.22 +/- 0.08 versus 0.41 +/- 0.17 m/s, P <.01), and higher prevalence of spontaneous echo contrast (87.5%) than in @entity1 without intra- @entity955 (19.1%, P <.05) but similar left atrial size (49.5 +/- 5.3 versus 47.3 +/- 7.1 mm, P =.15). Cardioversion was cancelled in all @entity1 with @entity955 . CONCLUSIONS: In underanticoagulated @entity1 , repeat TEE is necessary before cardioversion of recurrent @entity955 even if the previous TEE showed no @entity955 .

title: Transesophageal echocardiography before cardioversion of recurrent XXXX : does absence of previous @entity955 preclude the need of a repeat test?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'atrial thrombi', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The failure of available antiepileptic medications to adequately control @entity410 in a substantial number of @entity1 underscores the need to develop novel @entity302 therapies. Recent advancements in technology and the success of neuromodulation in treating a variety of @entity16 have spurred interest in exploring promising therapeutic alternatives, such as electrical stimulation and gene-based synaptic control. A variety of different stimulation approaches to @entity410 control targeting structures in the central or peripheral nervous system have been investigated. Most studies have been based on uncontrolled observations and empirical stimulation protocols. Today the vagus nerve stimulator is the only FDA approved adjunctive treatment for @entity302 that utilizes electrical stimulation. Other potential strategies including direct stimulation of the epileptogenic cortex and deep brain stimulation of various targets are currently under investigation. Chronically implanted devices for electrical stimulation have a variety of limitations. First, they are susceptible to malfunction and @entity281 . Second, most systems require battery replacement. Finally, electrical stimulation is incapable of manipulating neuronal function in a transmitter specific fashion. Gene delivery to epileptogenic targets or targets implicated in regulating @entity410 threshold has been investigated as an alternative means of neuromodulation in animal models. In summary, positive preliminary results and the lack of alternative treatment options provide the impetus for further exploration of electrical stimulation and gene-based therapies in pharmacoresistant @entity302 . Various specific targets and approaches to modulating their activity have been investigated in @entity1 studies.

title: Electrical stimulation and gene-based neuromodulation for control of medically-refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical presentation of organic and functional @entity1944 can overlap and clinicians often rely on invasive and time-consuming procedures to make a final diagnosis. @entity975 ( @entity975 ) is detectable in the circulation of @entity1 with intestinal graft-versus host disease and @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). AIM: To determine whether serum @entity975 testing is useful for discriminating @entity33 from functional @entity1944 . METHODS: We prospectively included 47 @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ), 13 @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ), seven @entity1 with @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ), 72 @entity1 with active @entity30 , 22 @entity1 with active @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 28 @entity1 with @entity1744 ( @entity1744 )-related @entity294 . Sera were also taken from 10 @entity1050 @entity1 before and after 6-12  months of a @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) and from 14 @entity1 with @entity29 before and after induction therapy with Infliximab (IFX). Sera of 119 healthy volunteers were used to determine the cut-off value. @entity975 levels were measured by a commercial ELISA kit. RESULTS: Levels of @entity975 exceeded the cut-off value of the assay in 43/47(91%) @entity66 @entity1 , 13/13(100%) @entity66 @entity1 , 7/7(100%) @entity6078 @entity1 , 65/72(90%) @entity30 @entity1 , 17/22(77%) @entity31 @entity1 and one @entity1 with @entity1744 (4%). @entity975 levels distinguished @entity33 from @entity1744 with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 96%. @entity975 a levels significantly decreased in @entity1050 @entity1 following a @entity1593 and in @entity29 @entity1 after treatment with IFX. CONCLUSION: @entity975 is a serum biomarker of intestinal damage that, combined with clinical data, identifies @entity1 who should undergo invasive tests for diagnosing enteropathies.

title: Serum XXXX is a biomarker of @entity33 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity975 :: ('5068', 'Gene') :: ['Reg3a', 'Reg3', 'Regenerating islet-derived 3-alpha']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active coeliac disease', 'ACD', 'RCD', 'refractory coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['GFD', 'gluten-free diet']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['CVID', 'common variable immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal enteropathies']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity975 :: (5068,Gene) :: ['regenerating islet-derived 3-alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamics of @entity2312 using transabdominal color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS). METHODS: Using CDUS, we evaluated 41 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2312 . We examined color flow images and measured the velocity of gastric variceal blood flow using fast Fourier transform analysis. In addition, we compared detection rates of @entity2312 and their outflow vessels using CDUS and computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: Gastric varices were detected with CDUS in 41 of 41 @entity1 (100%), and outflow vessels were detected in 34 (82.9%). Of these, 32 were gastrorenal shunts (GRSs), and 2 were GRSs and subphrenic veins. The velocity of the large and coil-shaped varices (mean +/- SD, 23.0 +/- 5.8 cm/s; n = 13) was significantly higher than that of the enlarged and tortuous varices (14.1 +/- 4.3 cm/s; n = 28; P < .001). With CT, @entity2312 were detected in 41 of 41 @entity1 (100%), and outflow vessels were detected in 38 (92.7%). Color Doppler ultrasonographic and CT findings were in complete agreement in 35 of 41 @entity1 (85.4%). A total of 11 @entity1 with a high risk of @entity397 underwent balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, and CDUS and CT findings after treatments were consistent. CONCLUSIONS: Transabdominal CDUS is a useful noninvasive modality for the diagnosis of gastric variceal hemodynamics and for evaluation of the therapeutic effects of gastric variceal treatment.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment using transabdominal color Doppler ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['variceal rupture']

answer: @entity2312 :: (MESH:D004932,Disease) :: ['gastric varices']


abstract: @entity1358 and function mediate the development of @entity164 1 @entity6 (TID). NKT cell activation with the @entity776 ligand @entity10380 (alpha-GalCer) corrects these deficiencies and prevents the onset and recurrence of T1D in NOD @entity19 . To investigate how alpha-GalCer accomplishes this, we conducted three sets of studies. First, gene microarray analyses showed that alpha-GalCer treatment decreases interleukin (IL)16 and increases @entity1618 and @entity22425 gene expression in the spleen. Anti- @entity60139 antibody treatment protects NOD @entity19 against insulitis and T1D, and neutralization of @entity22425 abrogates @entity58 induced protection from T1D. Second, alpha-GalCer treatment of NOD.ILA(-/-) @entity19 demonstrated that @entity58 expression is required for prevention of T1D but not for NKT cell development. Third, we found that @entity6 resistance in three novel congenic NOD.B6 @entity62477 @entity19 strains is associated with an increased number of NKT cells in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs). This increase was not evident in the spleen or PLNs of NOD. @entity12427 (-/-) @entity19 after alpha-GalCer treatment. Our data suggest that @entity22425 is a candidate gene in @entity62477 that regulates NKT cell function and @entity6 susceptibility. By controlling the expression and activity of @entity60139 and @entity22425 alpha-GalCer treatment may modulate the number, localization and function of NKT cells and regulate susceptibility to T1D.

title: @entity776 -restricted NKT regulatory cells: functional genomic analyses provide new insights into the mechanisms of protection against @entity164 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Deficiencies in NKT cell number']

entities_list: @entity10380 :: ('MESH:C493154', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-galactosylceramide']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of two herbal therapies for @entity353 . METHODS: A nonrandomized group of 128 @entity1 seen in my office who had received one of two herbal treatments for @entity28 were retrospectively analyzed for their weight loss response. No control group was studied or analyzed in conjunction with these @entity1 . All these @entity1 had been unsuccessful losing weight with use of diet and exercise modalities alone. Of the 128 @entity1 , 90 were treated with the herbal product BioLean, and 38 were treated with the combination of prescription @entity21938 and the herbal product Satiete. Both herbal products are manufactured under the highest standards of purity, consistency, and quality control, and both are listed in the Physicians' Desk Reference for Nonprescription Drugs and Dietary Supplements. RESULTS: The @entity1 receiving BioLean were treated for a mean of 18.7 weeks and lost a mean of 0.73 lb/wk. The @entity1 receiving @entity21938 and Satiete were treated for a mean of 12.4 weeks and lost a mean of 0.87 lb/wk. Overall, 79% of the BioLean-treated @entity1 and 87% of the @entity21938 - and Satiete-treated @entity1 lost a mean of at least 0.5 lb/wk. No significant adverse reactions to either treatment were noted. Comparable data from a matched control group were not available for further analysis of these results. CONCLUSION: Herbal products for @entity353 in motivated @entity1 may be effective in helping to treat clinically significant @entity28 , which is an important public health problem in the United States. The consistency and safety of a bioavailable active herbal product for @entity353 , as well as its efficacy, remain important factors in the consideration of such therapy for @entity353 .

title: Herbal therapy for management of XXXX : observations from a clinical endocrinology practice.

entities_list: @entity21938 :: ('MESH:D010645', 'Chemical') :: ['phentermine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to analyze transposed @entity43 . Data from 27 @entity1 who underwent ovarian transposition after surgical treatment for uterine @entity5 were retrospectively analyzed. Computed tomography (CT) images including transposed ovaries were superimposed on other CT images acquired at different times, and were matched on bony structures. Differences in ovarian position between the CT images were measured. The planning organ at risk volume ( @entity4247 ) margins were calculated from the formula of the 90% reference intervals (RIs) and the 95% RI, which were defined as mean    1.65 standard deviation (SD) and mean    1.96 SD, respectively. The 90% RI in the cranial, caudal, anterior, posterior, left and right directions were 1.5, 1.5, 1.4, 1.0, 1.7 and 0.9 cm, respectively. The 95% RI in the corresponding directions were 1.5, 2.0, 1.7, 1.2, 1.9 and 1.2 cm, respectively. These data suggest that bilateral ovaries need a @entity4247 margin of    2 cm in all directions. The present study suggests that a transposed ovary needs the same @entity4247 margin as a normal ovary (   2 cm). Even after transposition, ovaries should be kept away from the radiation field to take into consideration the degree of @entity43 .

title: Assessment of transposed XXXX : how much of a safety margin should be added during pelvic radiotherapy?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian movement']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian movement']


abstract: Essential procedures for the cultural and serological laboratory diagnosis of @entity4195 are described. A reliable and rapid species identification is achieved by serologic or biochemical tests. Direct antigen detection tests from throat swabs have broadened the diagnostic possibilities; however, they are often not satisfactory in terms of sensitivity. Typing of strains (either by classic serologic techniques or by molecular methods) is of high value for the study of clinical and therapeutic questions. In recent years, the epidemiology of the prevalent group A streptococcal strains has changed in Europe as well as in the U.S.: an increase of those M protein serotypes that are associated with higher virulence is being recognized. There is good evidence that the unexpected resurgence of @entity4789 in the U.S. and the emerging number of life-threatening invasive and toxic manifestations of disease (including the @entity137 ) in the U.S. and in Europe are related to the changing epidemiology. The existence of strains with rheumatogenic and nephritogenic potency has been established, but genetic host factors are a prerequisite for the sequelae as well. Although, based on experimental data, there are a lot of hypotheses concerning the nonsuppurative sequelae and the @entity137 , the exact pathogenesis of these diseases remains to be clarified. A thorough knowledge of the various clinical manifestations of group A @entity883 is necessary in order to apply the therapeutic and preventive measures in a rational and sophisticated manner. For most infections penicillins are considered the drug of choice, although no final conclusions regarding optimal dosages or the reasons for treatment failures can be made.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Infections by XXXX : new aspects of diagnosis, epidemiology, clinical practice, and therapy].

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: A comprehensive understanding of @entity5 is predicated upon knowledge of the structure of malignant genomes underlying its many variant forms and the molecular mechanisms giving rise to them. It is well established that solid @entity5 genomes accumulate a large number of genome rearrangements during tumorigenesis. End Sequence Profiling (ESP) maps and clones genome breakpoints associated with all types of genome rearrangements elucidating the structural organization of @entity5 genomes. Here we extend the ESP methodology in several directions using the @entity0 cell line MCF-7. First, targeted ESP is applied to multiple amplified loci, revealing a complex process of rearrangement and co-amplification in these regions reminiscent of breakage/fusion/bridge cycles. Second, genome breakpoints identified by ESP are confirmed using a combination of DNA sequencing and PCR. Third, in vitro functional studies assign biological function to a rearranged @entity5 BAC clone, demonstrating that it encodes anti-apoptotic activity. Finally, ESP is extended to the transcriptome identifying four novel fusion transcripts and providing evidence that expression of fusion genes may be common in @entity5 . These results demonstrate the distinct advantages of ESP including: (1) the ability to detect all types of rearrangements and copy number changes; (2) straightforward integration of ESP data with the annotated genome sequence; (3) immortalization of the genome; (4) ability to generate @entity5 -specific reagents for in vitro and in vivo functional studies. Given these properties, ESP could play an important role in a @entity5 genome project.

title: Decoding the fine-scale structure of a XXXX genome and transcriptome.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately one-third of @entity64 survivors suffer from @entity64 ( @entity64 ) in the acute or chronic stages. The presence of @entity64 in the acute stage after @entity64 is reportedly associated with poor @entity1 prognosis; therefore, early recognition and treatment of @entity64 may alleviate these consequences. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between the lesion location and the presence of early @entity308 after acute @entity385 in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: Our study included 421 @entity1 who suffered from acute @entity385 . On the day of admission, the lesion location was determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). @entity64 severity was measured on the seventh day of hospitalization withat the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS). On the tenth day of hospitalization, @entity308 were measured and functional assessments were performed with the Japan @entity64 Scale ( @entity308 Scale) (JSS-D) and functional independence measure (FIM), respectively. RESULTS: A total of 71 subjects (16.9  %) were diagnosed with @entity308 . According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, the @entity1188 located at frontal and temporal lobes were found to be a significant independent risk factor of early @entity308 in the acute stage of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 suffering from acute @entity385 , particularly in the frontal and temporal lobes, should be carefully assessed to detect and treat early @entity308 ; such treatment may improve @entity1 outcomes.

title: Relationship between the lesion location of acute XXXX and early @entity308 in Japanese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['post-stroke depression', 'stroke', 'Stroke', 'PSD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells are multi-potent progenitor cells that inhibit @entity5 growth by some ligands and releasing factors including @entity13943 , @entity26735 and @entity26736 . On other hands, photodynamic therapy is commonly used for treatment of different types of @entity5 . The aims of this study are to investigate of MSCs conditioned media and ALA mediated photodynamic therapy in @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Condition media was derived after documentation of @entity19 adipose derived MSCs. For photodynamic therapy (PDT), ALA was used at the final concentrations of 1mM for 4-hours followed by exposure to red light with a peak wave length of 632-nm, delivered from diode laser located at 2cm to achieve a total light dose of 5 Joules (J)/cm2. Apoptosis and growth of 4T1 @entity5 cells were analyzed in different groups including MSCs derived condition media, PDT and MSCs derived condition media plus PDT by flow cytometry. Growth of @entity5 cells were assessed using @entity98 test. RESULTS: Our findings showed expression of @entity13943 on @entity19 adipose-derived MSCs surfaces. Furthermore, treatment of 4T1 @entity5 cells with MSCs conditioned media cause to inhibit the @entity5 cells growth. Also, MSCs conditioned media with PDT have significantly synergic effects to induce apoptosis in @entity0 cells (P<0.05). Growth of @entity5 cells remarkably decreased after treatment with MSCs conditioned media and PDT in time-dependent manner (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Results revealed that MSCs conditioned media induced the apoptosis in 4T1 @entity0 cells and apoptotic effects of MSCs conditioned media were intensified following photodynamic therapy. This study showed that MSCs conditioned media combined with PDT may be useful as a novel treatment modality into the development of therapeutic strategies for treatment of @entity0 .

title: Antitumor effect of conditioned media derived from @entity19 MSCs and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) mediated photodynamic therapy in XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a @entity1 with a clinically nonfunctioning @entity4611 who presented with mild @entity4089 and @entity2588 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary care medical facility. @entity1 (S): A 44-year-old @entity1 with a 6-month history of @entity2588 . INTERVENTION(S): Pituitary testing, magnetic resonance imaging of the sella turcica, and transsphenoidal surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pituitary function testing, magnetic resonance imaging, and return of menstrual cycles. RESULT(S): Baseline laboratory data revealed a serum @entity4090 level of 34 ng/mL (normal range, 3-20 ng/mL), normal thyroid function test results, and an FSH level of 6.7 mIU/mL. A second fasting @entity4090 level was 48 ng/mL. Magnetic resonance imaging of the sella turcica revealed a @entity4611 measuring 1.4 x 3.2 cm. Further testing of baseline pituitary function revealed normal findings. The @entity1 underwent an uncomplicated transsphenoidal resection of the @entity977 and maintained normal pituitary function. Pathologic evaluation revealed a @entity977 that stained positive for FSH and focally for the alpha subunit. The @entity652 stained negative for GH, @entity4090 , ACTH, LH, and TSH. CONCLUSION(S): This @entity1 had a nonsecreting gonadotroph macroadenoma that resulted in @entity6126 along with mild @entity4089 , presumably secondary to interruption of normal transport down the pituitary stalk.

title: Nonfunctioning XXXX presenting with mild @entity4089 and @entity2588 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the @entity137 , maximal tolerated dose, and clinical and immunologic response to autologous dendritic cells pulsed with @entity320 -associated antigen @entity9857 -derived G280-9V peptide. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twelve HLA-A*0201(+) @entity1 with advanced @entity320 were administered dendritic cells pulsed with G280-9V peptide. Cohorts of three @entity1 were administered 5 x 10(6), 15 x 10(6), and 50 x 10(6) cells i.v. every 3 weeks for six doses according to a dose escalation scheme. Three additional @entity1 were treated at the highest dose. No additional cytokines or therapies were coadministered. The immunogenicity of G280-9V-pulsed dendritic cells was measured by @entity379 ELISPOT assay, tetramer assay, and @entity8680 release assay comparing prevaccination to postvaccination blood samples. Response to treatment was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity405 (+) immunity to the native G280 was observed in 8 (67%) @entity1 as measured by ELISPOT and in 12 (100%) @entity1 as measured by tetramer assay. Of the 9 @entity1 tested, 9 (100%) had measurable high-avidity CTL activity as defined by lysis of allogeneic @entity320 , which coexpress HLA-A*0201 and @entity9857 . The median follow-up of the entire cohort is 43.8 months. Two (17%) partial responses were observed and 3 (25%) @entity1 had stable disease. The median survival of the treated population was 37.6 months. At this time, three @entity1 are alive, including one @entity1 who continues to respond without additional treatment. CONCLUSION: The high rate of immunization as measured by three independent assays and the occurrence of clinical regression support continued investigation of G280-9V peptide as a candidate epitope in @entity320 vaccine formulations.

title: Immunization using autologous dendritic cells pulsed with the @entity320 -associated antigen XXXX -derived G280-9V peptide elicits @entity405 + immunity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma lines']

answer: @entity9857 :: (6490,Gene) :: ['gp100']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deposition of the @entity477 Abeta(42) is thought to be an important initial step in the pathogenesis of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Individuals with Down syndrome have increased levels of beta-amyloid peptides and an increased risk for @entity195 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of plasma levels of Abeta(42) and Abeta(40) to the risk of @entity303 in nondemented @entity1 and all-cause mortality in adults with Down syndrome. DESIGN: Prospective, community-based longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: State and voluntary service providers in New York State. @entity1 : Adults with Down syndrome (N = 204). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Plasma Abeta(42) and Abeta(40) levels were measured at initial examination. @entity1 were assessed for cognitive and functional abilities, behavioral/psychiatric conditions, and health and vital status at 14- to 18-month intervals for 4 cycles of data collection. RESULTS: Among @entity1 who were nondemented at baseline, those in the middle and highest tertiles of plasma Abeta(42) levels were more than 2 times as likely to develop @entity195 as those in the lowest tertile. Compared with @entity1 without @entity195 , @entity1 with prevalent @entity195 had higher levels of plasma Abeta(42) but not Abeta(40). Among all @entity1 , those in the highest tertile of plasma Abeta(42) level at baseline were more than twice as likely to die during the study period as those in the lowest tertile, whereas there was no difference in risk of @entity204 between those in the middle and lowest tertiles of plasma Abeta(42) level. CONCLUSION: Elevations in plasma Abeta(42) peptide levels are associated with earlier onset of @entity195 and increased risk of @entity204 .

title: Elevated plasma XXXX Abeta(42) levels, incident @entity303 , and mortality in Down syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['beta-amyloid peptide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity477 :: (351,Gene) :: ['beta-amyloid peptide']


abstract: A chronic @entity137 test of @entity16779 ( @entity46789 ), an anti-inflammatory agent, was studied at dose-levels of 0, 0.6, 2.5 and 10.0 mg/kg/day using male and female @entity235 . They were treated for 12 months, followed by 1 month recovery period. Excretion soft and mucous feces was observed in females of 2.5 mg/kg/day group. In addition, excretion of diarrheal and blood-tinged feces was also found in females of 10.0 mg/kg/day group. One female animal given 10.0 mg/kg/day of @entity46789 was found dead on day 178 of administration. For about a month before death, diarrheal and blood-tinged feces, decreases in body weight and food consumption, and @entity417 had been noticed. At the autopsy, @entity843 fluid, adhesion of visceral organs, @entity450 or @entity548 in the mucosa and serosa of the digestive tract, and an @entity1066 in the duodenum were found. No significant influences of @entity46789 were noted on the changes of body weights, food and water consumptions, excluding the dead animal. A fecal occult blood test showed an increase in no. of animals with blood-positive reaction in 2.5 and 10.0 mg/kg/day groups of both sexes, especially marked in females of 10.0 mg/kg/day group. In urinary tests, no significant changes were found in any of the @entity46789 -treated groups of both sexes; the dead one, however, showed decreases in urine volume and electrolyte excretion on month 6 of administration. No significant hematological changes associated with the administration of @entity46789 were found in any of the animals excluding the dead one, in which @entity417 and @entity32 -related findings were found on month 6 of administration. Serum-biochemical tests showed no significant changes in any of the @entity46789 -treated groups of both sexes. No significant influences of @entity46789 were found on ICG and PSP clearances, ocular fundus and ECG. At the autopsy performed at the end of administration, no significant changes were found in any of the @entity46789 -treated groups of both sexes. Histopathologically, a duodenal @entity1066 and @entity298 -related findings were observed in the female dead animal of 10.0 mg/kg/day group. No influences of @entity46789 were found in any of the tests performed at the end of the recovery phase. From these results, the non-effective dose of @entity46789 was estimated to be 0.6 mg/kg/day, and the toxic doses of @entity46789 to be more than 10.0 mg/kg/day for males and 10.0 mg/kg/day for females, respectively, in @entity235 treated orally with @entity46789 for 12 months.

title: [Chronic @entity137 study of XXXX in @entity235 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['oral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity16779 :: ('MESH:C019541', 'Chemical') :: ['proglumetacin maleate']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['brown-cloudy ascitic']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity16779 :: (MESH:C019541,Chemical) :: ['proglumetacin maleate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The total oil production capacity of isano oil is estimated at about 10,000 tons annually. Previous studies of this oil revealed that it is rich in @entity1718 including a conjugated diyne moiety. This makes isano oil an excellent candidate for sustainable applications development. However, only a few of its @entity1718 have been isolated and identified so far. In this study, we have reinvestigated this oil by characterizing its physicochemical properties and isolating several of its @entity1718 as ethyl esters for their detailed structural analysis and identification. Six ethyl esters of fatty acids constituting isanic oil were isolated by flash column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. The detailed structural analysis of these @entity844 esters by infrared, high resolution, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1-D and 2-D) allowed determining unequivocally their chemical structure. The main @entity844 component of the oil (35.7  %) was identified as isanic acid. Four minor acids were found to possess also two conjugated triple bonds, while the sixth @entity844 does not contain @entity505 - @entity505 triple bonds nor double bonds but possessed a cis @entity4299 function. Results obtained in this study are currently being used to explore potential applications of isano oil.

title: Isolation of a Series of XXXX Components of Ongokea gore Seed (Isano) Oil and their Detailed Structural Analysis.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['Fatty Acid']


abstract: Naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones and their semisynthetic derivatives, such as the O = C-C = CH-bearing helenalin and its esters, have been shown to demonstrate potent @entity137 against the growth of @entity19 @entity11748 and @entity1 @entity1778 , @entity694 , HeLaS3, lung bronchogenic, KB, @entity421 , and @entity11 cells. The modes of action of helenalin in L1210 cells are the inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein syntheses. This study confirms that thiol bearing enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism were significantly inhibited, e.g. DNA polymerase alpha, IMP hydrogenase, and ribonucleoside reductase. The addition of GSH to the reaction medium demonstrated total recovery of L1210 ribonucleoside reductase activity. Helenalin reduced cellular GSH levels in L1210 cells. Helenalin also reduced all four pool levels of d(NTP)s which would account for part of the observed inhibition of DNA synthesis. Reductions in the ribonucleotide pool levels were also generally evident after drug treatment. Thus, the sesquiterpene lactones appear to have more than one mode of action in L1210 cells. All of the modes of actions of helenalin are feasible mechanisms to lower nucleic acid synthesis and cause cell death of the L1210 @entity1778 cells.

title: The XXXX of helenalin, its mono and difunctional esters, and related sesquiterpene lactones in @entity19 and @entity1 tumor cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Tmolt3 leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11748 :: ('MESH:D007939', 'Disease') :: ['L1210 lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The thrombogenicity of newer anticancer agents and the challenges associated with managing @entity5 @entity1 on @entity1229 have led to the evaluation of the low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) for primary and secondary prophylaxis in this high-risk @entity1 population. SUMMARY: The first published trial of LMWH in @entity5 compared three months of @entity1229 therapy with enoxaparin in @entity5 @entity1 with proximal @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ), or both. All @entity1 received four days of enoxaparin 1.5 mg/kg and were then randomized to continue receiving @entity2120 or begin @entity1229 therapy. Due to inadequate @entity1 enrollment, no statistically significant differences were detected between the two treatment groups. In a similar @entity1 population, the Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent @entity1211 in @entity1 with @entity5 (CLOT) trial evaluated the use of long-term @entity16960 for the prevention of recurrent @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity5 @entity1 with proximal @entity1150 , @entity1151 , or both were randomized to initial treatment with @entity16960 followed by either six months of oral anticoagulant therapy or @entity16960 monotherapy. The primary outcome was symptomatic, recurrent @entity1211 , and secondary outcomes were @entity548 events and survival time. The cumulative risk of recurrent @entity1211 at six months was reduced from 17% in the oral anticoagulant group to 9% in the @entity16960 group, a risk reduction of 52% (p=0.002). No significant differences in @entity548 events or overall mortality occurred between the groups. Recent recommendations from the American College of Chest Physicians on the treatment of @entity5 -associated @entity715 are based in part on data from the CLOT trial and support the use of @entity16960 and @entity23294 in the long-term treatment of @entity1 with @entity1150 and @entity5 . Finally, results of recent trials support the concept that antithrombotic therapy with @entity16960 or @entity11270 may have an antineoplastic effect, resulting in improved survival time. However, these results require further validation. CONCLUSION: Despite the absence of oncology-specific guidelines for @entity5 -associated @entity715 , pharmacists now have a number of new tools available for selecting an anticoagulant, including results from several clinical trials with LMWHs and recent reports from national meetings.

title: Selecting an anticoagulant for recurrent @entity1211 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['dalteparin']

entities_list: @entity23294 :: ('MESH:C081247', 'Chemical') :: ['tinzaparin']

entities_list: @entity11270 :: ('MESH:D017762', 'Chemical') :: ['nadroparin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous Thromboembolism', 'VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity3298 is the most common manifestation of @entity281 due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in otherwise healthy @entity1 . This disease is rare in adults and its geographic variations in etiology and clinical manifestations remain unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the etiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of NTM @entity3298 . METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 with culture-proven NTM @entity3298 treated at a university hospital in Taiwan from January 1997 through December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In total, 12 @entity1 with NTM @entity3298 were identified, including 6 males and 7 adults (> or = 16 years). The majority (83%) of @entity1 presented with an enlarged palpable mass and 9 (75%) had preceding constitutional symptoms. The most common site of @entity3298 was the cervical area (83%) and 8 @entity1 (75%) had multiple lymph node involvement. Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) accounted for 75% of the etiology of NTM @entity3298 , followed by @entity3069 complex (MAC) [2 @entity1 ]. A high recurrence rate (42%) after primary treatment was noted among those @entity1 who received @entity4581 -containing regimens for a median of 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that both previously healthy @entity1 and adults were susceptible to NTM @entity3298 . RGM was the most common etiology rather than MAC among NTM species causing @entity3298 . Inadequate surgical excision of the diseased lymph nodes and insufficient coverage of antimycobacterial therapy both contributed to the high recurrence rate.

title: XXXX caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a university hospital in Taiwan: predominance of rapidly growing mycobacteria and high recurrence rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphadenitis', 'lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity3298 :: (MESH:D008199,Disease) :: ['Lymphadenitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An individualized approach to maximize electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) efficacy and minimize cognitive side effects is to treat @entity1 relative to their @entity410 threshold (ST). However, although Right Unilateral-Ultrabrief (0.3  ms) (RUL-UB) ECT is increasingly used in clinical settings as an effective form of ECT with minimal cognitive effects, there is sparse data regarding predictors of ST. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between ST and clinical and demographic factors in a sample of @entity1 treated with RUL-UB ECT. METHODS: Clinical, demographic and ECT data from 179 @entity1 in ECT research studies were examined. @entity410 threshold was titrated at the first ECT session. ECT was performed with a Thymatron(  ) or Mecta(  ) device, with @entity4490 (2.5-5  mg/kg) or @entity1875 (1-2  mg/kg) anaesthesia. Medications taken at the time of ST titration were documented. The association between ST and candidate predictor variables was examined with regression analysis. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses showed that 34% of the variance in ST (P  <  0.001) could be predicted. Older age (R(2)  =  0.194, P  <  0.001), @entity1875 (vs @entity4490 ) (R(2)  =  0.029, P   <=  0.01) and higher anaesthetic dose (mg in @entity1875 equivalents) (R(2)  =  0.029, P  <  0.05) were found to be predictors of higher initial ST. Treatment with @entity1091 (R(2)  =  0.043, P  <  0.01) and study site (R(2)  =  0.019, P  <  0.05) significantly predicted lower initial ST. CONCLUSIONS: Empirical titration is recommended for accurate determination of ST in @entity1 receiving RUL-UB ECT. Novel findings of this study are that @entity1875 anaesthesia resulted in higher ST than @entity4490 and concomitant treatment with @entity1091 treatment lowered ST.

title: Predictors of XXXX Threshold in Right Unilateral Ultrabrief Electroconvulsive Therapy: Role of Concomitant Medications and Anaesthesia Used.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: @entity3218 can rarely affect the @entity825 . We report the case of a 68-year-old @entity1 with @entity309 on immunosuppressive therapy who presented with fevers, worsening @entity1353 , nonproductive cough and subjective throat hoarseness and @entity27915 . Chest computed tomography demonstrated no tracheal findings. Bronchoscopy found mucosal irregularity, nodularity and vesicular regions in the proximal @entity825 extending seven centimeters distal to the vocal cords. Also seen was an @entity4 , @entity10107 with @entity1127 and an @entity1066 . @entity575 staining and culture and wash of the tracheal biopsy revealed @entity3218 . She was treated with oral @entity2059 then briefly on intravenous @entity2379 for rising Histoplasma urinary antigen levels. She continued treatment 24 months following diagnosis with minimal @entity1353 . Histoplasma @entity6062 has been proposed as an indicator of disseminated @entity281 . However, our @entity1 did not demonstrate other organ manifestations. Histoplasma @entity6062 should be considered in a differential diagnosis of @entity75 even in the absence of systemic involvement.

title: Nondisseminated histoplasmosis of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesion']

entities_list: @entity6062 :: ('MESH:D014136', 'Disease') :: ['tracheitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal lesions']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['exudative left vocal cord']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: Although @entity1140 has been widely investigated as a potent suppressor of organ allograft rejection in animals, little is known about the effect of @entity1140 on normal animals. In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity1140 on the thymus and spleen in normal C3H/He @entity19 at the age of 5 weeks. @entity19 were given dosages of @entity1140 varying between 0.3 and 30 mg/kg/day intramuscularly for 5 days. After treatment with @entity1140 , the total number of lymphocytes in the thymus was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner; however, no change was evident in the total number of lymphocytes in the spleen. @entity1140 also influenced the immunophenotypes in thymocytes, but not in splenocytes. The absolute number of @entity1961 + CD8- or @entity1961 - CD8+ thymocytes decreased significantly in the 0.3 mg/kg/day-treated group. @entity1961 + CD8-, but not @entity1961 -CD8+ thymocytes decreased further in the 1 mg/kg/day-treated group. Neither subpopulation decreased any further with continuing administration. On the other hand, the number of @entity1961 + CD8+ thymocytes did not decrease significantly in the 0.3 mg/kg/day-treated group, whereas it did decrease significantly in the 1 mg/kg/day-treated group, decreased further with the increase in dosage of @entity1140 , and decreased markedly in the 30 mg/kg/day group, The number of @entity1961 -CD8-thymocytes did not show any change, even in the high-dosage groups. These results indicate that @entity1140 influences the subpopulations of thymocytes according to its dosage. At a lower dosage, it affects mature @entity1961 + CD8- or @entity1961 - CD8+ cells, but not immature @entity1961 + CD8+ and @entity1961 -CD8- cells.2

title: The influence of XXXX on the thymus and spleen in normal C3H/He @entity19 : flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations.

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK-506']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The two licensed bivalent and quadrivalent @entity1082 ) L1 (the major papillomavirus virion protein) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines are regarded as safe, effective, and well established prophylactic vaccines. However, they have some inherent limitations, including a fairly high production and delivery cost, virus-type restricted protection, and no reported therapeutic activity, which might be addressed with the development of alternative dosing schedules and vaccine products. A change from a three-dose to a two-dose protocol for the licensed HPV vaccines, especially in younger adolescents (aged 9-13 years), is underway in several countries and is likely to become the future norm. Preliminary evidence suggests that recipients of HPV vaccines might derive prophylactic benefits from one dose of the bivalent vaccine. Substantial interest exists in both the academic and industrial sectors in the development of second-generation L1 VLP vaccines in terms of cost reduction-eg, by production in @entity526 or alternative types of @entity375 . However, Merck's nonavalent vaccine, produced via the @entity375 production system that is also used for their quadrivalent vaccine, is the first second-generation HPV VLP vaccine to be available on the market. By contrast, other pharmaceutical companies are developing microbial vectors that deliver L1 genes. These two approaches would add an HPV component to existing live attenuated vaccines for measles and @entity1682 . Prophylactic vaccines that are based on induction of broadly cross-neutralising antibodies to L2, the minor HPV capsid protein, are also being developed both as simple monomeric fusion proteins and as virus-like display vaccines. The strong interest in developing the next generation of vaccines, particularly by manufacturers in middle-to-high income countries, increases the likelihood that vaccine production will become decentralised with the hope that effective HPV vaccines will be made increasingly available in low-resource settings where they are most needed.

title: Next generation prophylactic XXXX vaccines.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['typhoid fever']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimal change @entity8 is a common cause of primary @entity1985 in adults. However, there are few studies of its clinical course, response to treatment, and long-term outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING _ @entity1 : 340 consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity1985 and biopsy-proven minimal change @entity8 treated in a university hospital from 1984 until 2004. FACTORS: Treatment response groups: primary @entity479 resistance, frequent relapse (>= 4 relapses within 1 year), infrequent relapse (>= 1 relapse but not frequent relapse), and no relapse (reference group); disease pattern. OUTCOME: Medical problems after diagnosis; @entity1 survival; renal survival. RESULTS: Median time to remission was 10 (IQR, 8-12) weeks; 179 (52.6%) had no relapse, 42 (12.4%) had infrequent relapses, 86 (25.3%) were frequent relapsers or @entity479 dependent, and 33 (9.7%) had primary @entity479 resistance. After a median follow-up of 174.7 (IQR, 119.7-235.0) months, 32 @entity1 developed @entity454 and 62 died (25 after progression to @entity454 ). Cox regression analysis showed that age and treatment response groups were the independent predictors of @entity1 survival. Compared to the no-relapse group, the infrequent-relapse group had significantly better @entity1 survival (adjusted HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08-0.44; P<0.001), whereas the primary- @entity479 -resistance group had significantly worse @entity1 survival (adjusted HR, 5.87; 95% CI, 1.83-18.85; P<0.001). Renal survival was excellent except in the primary- @entity479 -resistance group. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of adult @entity1 with minimal change @entity8 continue to have disease flares more than 10 years after the initial presentation, and medical problems after diagnosis are common.

title: Long-term outcome of biopsy-proven minimal change XXXX in Chinese adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: A before and after longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate a nurse-run @entity565 clinic in general practice. Sibbalds morbidity and attitudes questionnaire was used to monitor the changes in association with attendance at the clinic. One hundred and five @entity1 aged 3-83 years attended the clinic. Over the 12 months of the study @entity1 reported significant reductions in attacks of wheeze, nocturnal attacks, overall trouble (P @entity2231 0.005) and GP home visits (P = 0.02). @entity1 also reported a significant improvement in feelings of stigma (P less than 0.001), and confidence in self-care (P less than 0.001). There was a significant association between morbidity criteria such as 'overall interference' and stigma at the outset of the clinic (R = -0.44; P less than 0.001; 95% confidence interval -0.58 to -0.26). A @entity1 's feelings of stigma towards their @entity565 at the outset did not predict the eventual improvement in morbidity. As the @entity1 's @entity565 improved the feelings of stigma became less apparent. This would suggest that improving a @entity1 's morbidity should be one of the first priorities in @entity565 care. Confidence in the doctor was high at the outset and did not change throughout the study, despite the fact that a large proportion of @entity1 wanted more information about their @entity565 but found it difficult to talk to their doctor. General practitioners are often restrained by how much time and resources they can devote to each @entity1 . The nurse-run @entity565 clinic with its programme of structured care represents a possible solution to these problems.

title: An evaluation of a nurse-run XXXX clinic in general practice using an attitudes and morbidity questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity420 typically metastasizes to the liver. When osseous spread occurs, it is most commonly detected in the vertebrae and pelvis. Distal osseous spread is unusual and may be the first presentation of the @entity189 . We present a review of the current literature on unusual osseous rectal adenocarcinoma @entity3 and highlight a case of a scapular lesion as the first presentation of @entity189 from our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Pubmed search using keywords ' @entity189 @entity3 ,' ' @entity14 @entity3 ' and 'skeletal @entity3 ' was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-four cases were identified (54  % male, mean age at diagnosis 61        16  years). The most common site was the mandible, followed by the foot. In four cases, the @entity3 was the first presentation of the @entity189 . Mean time from resection of the primary @entity5 to osseous @entity3 diagnosis of skeletal @entity3 was 26        17 ( @entity168 )   months. Mean time from diagnosis of skeletal @entity3 to death was 3.2 (  2.8)   months. CONCLUSION: @entity420 osseous @entity3 located distal to the pelvis and/or vertebrae are rare and associated with a poor prognosis. @entity75 should raise an index of suspicion for @entity189 , including @entity189 .

title: Unusual Osseous Metastases from XXXX : A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Unusual bony lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['distal carcinoma', 'rectal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Rectal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity3085 is a syndrome characterized by marked @entity353 . Recently, @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) @entity5653 has been shown to occur before the appearance of other classical @entity3085 markers. We investigated the composition and rearrangement of the extracellular matrix, adipocyte morphology and @entity32 in the subcutaneous @entity1386 of @entity1820 @entity1 . METHODS: Surgical biopsies for scAT were obtained from @entity1820 @entity1 , who were signed up into the following groups: @entity5 ( @entity5 , n   =   11), weight-stable @entity5 (WSC, n   =   9) and weight-stable control ( @entity5 ) (control, n   =   7). The stable weight groups were considered as those with no important weight change during the last year and body mass index <25   kg/m(2). @entity82 was quantified and characterized by quantitative PCR, histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The degree of @entity82 and the distribution and collagen types (I and III) were different in WSC and @entity5 @entity1 . @entity5 @entity1 showed more pronounced @entity82 in comparison with WSC. Infiltrating macrophages surrounding adipocytes and CD3 Ly were found in the fibrotic areas of scAT. @entity1386 fibrotic areas demonstrated increased @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) and Cluster of Differentiation (CD)68 gene expression in @entity5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate architectural modification consisting of @entity82 and inflammatory cell infiltration in scAT as induced by @entity3085 in @entity1820 @entity1 . The latter was characterized by the presence of macrophages and lymphocytes, more evident in the fibrotic areas. In addition, increased @entity2842 and @entity469 gene expression in scAT from @entity5 @entity1 may indicate an important role of these markers in the early phases of @entity5 .

title: @entity3085 -associated @entity1386 morphological rearrangement in @entity1820 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Subcutaneous AT fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary loss of body weight']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cancer cachexia', 'cancer', 'non-cancer']

entities_list: @entity3085 :: ('MESH:D002100', 'Disease') :: ['cachexia', 'Cachexia']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['Subcutaneous AT', 'adipose tissue', 'AT (scAT) pad', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemotactic protein 1']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to elucidate the therapeutic decision process of @entity5426 of the scalp and face including treatment modalities, @entity5 size, @entity5 grade, and resection margins.In a PubMed search, 170 abstracts were read and 32 full text articles were reviewed. Among them, 19 articles were analyzed.Overall, survival did not differ significantly between the surgery group (23.6  11.0 months) and the no surgery group (22.2  8.0 months) (P=0.386 [t test]). Among the @entity1 who had undergone an operation, 64.4% had @entity5 cells at their surgical margin. Survival did not differ significantly according to the positive or negative resection margin (P>0.05 [t tests]). Overall survival of the radiation therapy and chemotherapy group (37.0  0.0 months) was significantly longer than that of the radiation therapy group (22.7  7.6 months) or the chemotherapy group (15.1  4.6 months). Overall survival, local recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival were significantly longer in the T1 group (the @entity5 size being the same or smaller than 5cm) than the T2 group ( @entity5 larger than 5cm) (P<0.05 [t test]). The 2-year survival rates and the 5-year survival rates were significantly longer in the T1 group than in the T2 group (P<0.000 [t test]). The overall survival of low grade @entity5 group (44.8  10.4 months) was more than 2 times longer than the high-grade @entity5 group (22.3  6.8 months) (P=0.000 [t test]).Surgeons should remember that they do not have to try to remove all the @entity5 cells in the operation theater. A combination of radiation and chemotherapy can bring better results than any single regimen. Lastly, early diagnosis and early treatment are essential.

title: Recommendations for Therapeutic Decisions of XXXX of the Scalp and Face.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'residual cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma']


abstract: Intussusception is a rare cause of @entity1321 in adult @entity1 , but is common in @entity1 . In fact, it accounts for an estimated 1% of all cases of @entity1744 in adults, although adult intussusception of the large intestine is rare. @entity3473 , however, is a rare variety with few cases reported in the literature. A @entity3079 , a subtype of @entity420 , is characterized by extracellular mucin production and accounts for between 5% and 15% of the @entity5 of the colon and rectum. Despite the general consensus supporting surgical resections for adult intussuceptions, controversy remains over whether intussuceptions should be reduced before resection. Most cases of colon intussusception should not be reduced before resection because they most likely represent a primary @entity420 . However, prior reduction followed by a resection can be considered for the @entity3473 to avoid inadvertent low @entity5 sugery. We experienced one case of @entity3473 caused by a @entity3079 of the sigmoid colon in a 79-year-old @entity1 . Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a @entity3473 . After the end-to-end anastomosis-dilator-assisted reduction, the @entity1 underwent a laparoscopic oncological anterior resection under the impression that a @entity3473 existed. We report a successful laparoscopic anterior resection in a @entity1 with an intussusception caused by a sigmoid @entity5 .

title: Laparoscopic treatment of adult @entity3473 caused by a XXXX of the sigmoid colon: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'neoplasms', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['Sigmoidorectal intussusception', 'sigmoidorectal intussusception']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity3079 :: (MESH:D002288,Disease) :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The authors studied the responses of the main systems of sympathetic and hormonal regulation in @entity340 , a special model of dissociation between arterial pressure and left ventricular function. The series comprised 14 @entity1 with an average age of 70 +/- 9 years without diuretic therapy presenting with pure @entity7874 without other valvular or @entity301 . All were in sinus rhythm; 5 were taking an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Plasma concentrations of @entity2232 , @entity8224 ( @entity8224 ), @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ), @entity2661 , plasma @entity916 activity (PRA), @entity2178 and @entity1369 were measured in resting, @entity4053 @entity1 , by blood samplings from a peripheral vein immediately before cardiac catheterisation. The results were compared with the severity of the @entity472 ( @entity886 greater or less than 0.7 cm2), the ratio of left ventricular work/myocardial mass (greater or less than 0.6) and treatment (with or without ACE inhibitors). @entity2922 levels were much higher in severe @entity472 (noradrenaline: 579 +/- 66 pg/ml when valve surface area > 0.7 cm2 versus 900 +/- 92 pg/ml when valve surface area < 0.7 cm2; p < 0.01). @entity2232 and AVP concentrations were normal. Whereas PRA was normal, @entity1369 levels were increased in @entity1 without treatment by ACE inhibitors. This treatment did not, however, normalise the @entity1063 levels. The increase in @entity8224 concentration was large when left ventricular work decreased with respect to myocardial mass (190.8 +/- 42.3 pg/ml if W/M was decreased versus 82.7 +/- 15.4 pg/ml when W/M was normal): this could be related to the degree of @entity4346 .

title: [Neurohormonal profile in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity8224 :: ('4878', 'Gene') :: ['ANF', 'atrial natriuretic factor']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity2232 :: ('1906', 'Gene') :: ['Endothelin -1', 'endothelin 1']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve area']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['calcific aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic valve stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of unemployment and part-time employment in the United States for working-age individuals completing rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) between 2001 and 2010. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis. SETTING: Acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 16 to 60 years at injury who completed inpatient rehabilitation for @entity131 between 2001 and 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Unemployment; Part-time employment. RESULTS: The prevalence of unemployment for @entity1 in the selected cohort was 60.4% at 2-year postinjury. Prevalence of unemployment at 2-year postinjury was significantly associated with the majority of categories of age group, race, gender, marital status, primary inpatient rehabilitation payment source, education, preinjury vocational status, length of stay, and Disability Rating Scale. The direction of association for the majority of these variables complement previous research in this area, with only Hispanic ethnicity and the FIM Cognitive subscale demonstrating disparate findings. For those employed at 2-year postinjury, the prevalence of part-time employment was 35.0%. The model of prevalence for part-time employment at 2-year postinjury was less robust, with significant relationships with some categorical components of age group, gender, marital status, primary payment source, preinjury vocational status, and Disability Rating Scale. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of unemployment for @entity1 completing inpatient rehabilitation for @entity131 was substantial (60.4%). The majority of factors found to associate with 2 years' unemployment were complementary of previously published research; however, these were often smaller in magnitude than previous reports. The prevalence of part-time employment was also an issue for this cohort and included 35.0% of all employed individuals. In regard to the determination of factors associated with part-time employment, additional analyses that include more fine-grained factors associated with employment, including physical and psychosocial functioning, are recommended.

title: Unemployment in the United States After XXXX for Working-Age Individuals: Prevalence and Associated Factors 2 Years Postinjury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5116 Background: Ovarian @entity6962 is associated with a poor prognosis. There has been increasing controversy over the appropriate and most efficacious postoperative therapy in @entity1 with this disease. We reviewed and evaluated the disease-free interval and overall survival of @entity1 with @entity43 based on the post-operative chemotherapy they received. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on @entity1 with @entity43 treated at our institution between 1981 and 2002. Operative procedures, post-operative therapy, treatment related @entity137 , disease-free interval, and overall survival data were recorded. The two treatment regimens were @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2)) with @entity3003 (AUC 5) administered every four weeks or @entity1260 (1.5 g/m(2)) with @entity900 (20mg/m(2)) for days one through four, every three weeks. An unpaired t test was performed to compare disease-free interval, overall survival, and @entity137 for the two treatment groups. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 received primary therapy with one of the two regimens. The disease-free interval for the @entity1 who received @entity1311 and @entity3003 (n=7) was 23.4 months (range 6-42+) as compared to 27.3 months (range 5-54+) in those receiving @entity1260 and @entity900 (n=4) (p=0.7622). Median overall survival was 35.4 months (range 4-87+) versus 37 months (range 21-54+), respectively (p=0.8922). Three @entity1260 / @entity900 recipients presented with @entity1398 . Two required packed red cell transfusion for @entity417 and one required a platelet transfusion for @entity882 . In addition, one suffered @entity810 . In the @entity1311 / @entity3003 group, one had an episode of @entity1398 . Five had no chemotherapy related @entity137 , and one expired from an unknown etiology. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 and @entity3003 appears to be as effective as @entity1260 and @entity900 in the treatment of @entity43 . We would advocate that @entity1 with @entity43 receive post-operative therapy with a @entity1311 / @entity902 -based regimen as outcomes were similar and there is less @entity137 and improved @entity1 convenience. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Comparison of @entity1311 and @entity3003 with XXXX and @entity900 for the treatment of @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of WBRT as a single treatment modality in @entity1 with brain metastases of @entity151 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The @entity1 had brain metastases of @entity151 without any sign of @entity5 outside the brain and were treated with 10 x 3.0 Gy WBRT. Response and neurological functions were evaluated after 6, 18 and 36 weeks. RESULTS: Twenty of 22 eligible @entity1 were evaluable for response. In six @entity1 a complete response was seen and in five @entity1 a partial response was seen giving a response rate of 50% (95% CI 28-72%). Response duration was 5.4 months (range 63-260 days) and median survival was 4.7 months (range 14-743 days). In the majority of @entity1 the first site of progression after WBRT was in the central nervous system. Twelve of the @entity1 had stabilization or improvement of the neurological function. CONCLUSION: WBRT for brain metastases of @entity151 gives a 50% response rate with stabilization or improvement of neurological function. Response duration and survival are short.

title: Brain-only metastases of XXXX ; efficacy of whole brain radiotherapy. An EORTC phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the @entity5 microenvironment is not limited to forming a barrier against @entity5 invasion. As demonstrated in pathological specimens, @entity201 samples exhibit an enrichment of the ECM surrounding the @entity5 cells. In this study, we examined involvement of the ECM in the regulation of the invasiveness of @entity201 cells. The RMCCA1 @entity201 cell line was cultured in culture plates either with or without a coating of reconstituted ECM basement membrane preparation (BD Matrigel matrix). In vitro invasion assays were then performed. In addition, the protein expression profile of the cell line was examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The proteins expressed and their functional associations with @entity5 progression were determined. Culturing the RMCCA1 cell line in the BD Matrigel matrix induced cell invasion. Numerous proteins were induced by culturing the RMCCA1 cells in the matrix gel. The expression of @entity40085 , an actin-binding protein, was significantly upregulated. The knockdown of @entity40085 expression by siRNA silencing significantly suppressed the cellular response to matrix gel-stimulated @entity5 cell invasion. The ECM promotes the invasiveness of @entity201 cells by upregulating @entity40085 . These findings suggest the potential exploitation of this mechanism as a means of inhibiting the invasiveness of @entity201 cells.

title: Matrigel induces @entity40085 expression and promotes @entity40085 -dependent invasion in human XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14593 is a rare @entity272 characterized by papular lesions with a porcelain-white central @entity194 and histopathological aspect of wedge-shaped @entity1188 necrosis and an endovasculitis in the dermis. Its pathogenesis is unknown but many abnormalities of haemostasis have been reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: Platelets functions, coagulation and fibrinolysis were estimated in three @entity1 with @entity14593 . For one @entity1 , direct immunoelectron microscopy using an antibody to @entity2880 factor was performed on lesional skin. RESULTS: In all the @entity1 , prolonged euglobulin lysis time, increased plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activities before and after a @entity432 test were detected and indicated an inhibition of fibrinolysis. Electron microscopy demonstrated in one case an increased number of @entity1053 and a raised staining of @entity2880 factor in endothelial cells. Tests for coagulation and circulating anticoagulant were normal. Results of platelets adhesion showed decrease of adhesion in one case and increased adhesion in another. Platelets aggregation studies were normal in two cases and showed hyperactive spontaneous and induced aggregation in one case. CONCLUSION: We showed an inhibition of fibrinolysis in three @entity1 with @entity14593 . These abnormalities could induce a prethrombotic state. The release of PA and PAI from the endothelial cells into the blood stream and the modifications observed with electron microscopy may signify a @entity75 of endothelial cell of still unknown origin.

title: [Abnormal fibrinolysis in XXXX . A study of 3 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity14593 :: ('MESH:D054853', 'Disease') :: ["Degos' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Weibel-Palade bodies']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity14593 :: (MESH:D054853,Disease) :: ['Degos disease']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic modalities, particularly surgical treatment, for adrenal @entity3 of @entity157 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This series included 13 @entity1 (mean age: 64 years) with @entity157 on cirrhotic liver (n = 8) or healthy liver (n = 5). The adrenal @entity3 was synchronous in four cases, metachronous in nine, unilateral in ten cases, and bilateral in three. Resection of the adrenal @entity3 was performed in seven @entity1 , combined with the resection of the @entity96 in three cases or secondarily performed in four. The @entity3 was not resected in six @entity1 because of poor liver function or poor @entity1 conditions; two @entity1 were treated with percutaneous @entity1068 injection, one with radiation and three received only a symptomatic treatment. RESULTS: After adrenalectomy combined with liver resection, two @entity1 died in the postoperative course in relation with @entity1151 (n = 1) or acute @entity788 (n = 1). The mean survival in the five other @entity1 was 38 months after the adrenalectomy and 58.6 months after the liver resection. After percutaneous @entity1068 injection, one @entity1 survived 47 months and the other one 7 months only. After radiation, the @entity1 survived 18 months. After symptomatic treatment, the mean survival was only 7.3 months. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that adrenal @entity3 , either isolated or associated with a well-controlled intrahepatic recurrence, could be treated surgically when the resection is technically feasible. This aggressive management seems the only chance to offer a long-term survival to selected @entity1 .

title: [Adrenal metastases of XXXX . Therapeutic options].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, safety and prospect application value of video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy utilized in the treatment of @entity2122 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity2122 underwent sympathectomy from January 2003 to December 2004, including 10 cases combined with palmar @entity1119 . There were 17 males and 1 females with a mean age of 36.5 years (ranges, 25-42). Sympathetic chain was transected just below the stellate ganglion in pure @entity2122 . Additional T(3) sympathectomy was performed in those @entity1 combined with palmar @entity1119 . RESULTS: There were no surgical complication or surgical mortality cases. Seventeen @entity1 achieved improvement of @entity2122 without recurrent symptoms, but one had partial remission due to thoracic adhesion and false location of the ganglions. The effective rate was 97% (35/36). No recurrent symptoms occurred after a mean of 8.3 months of follow-up. No relapse occurred. Fifteen @entity1 (83%) developed compensatory sweating of the trunk and lower limbs. Six @entity1 (33%) presented palmar dry (severe @entity3797 ) and they all can tolerate the condition. All @entity1 were satisfied with the outcomes of their operations. CONCLUSION: The initial results show that thoracoscopic sympathectomy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of @entity2122 .

title: [Craniofacial XXXX treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy].

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3797 :: ('MESH:D007007', 'Disease') :: ['hypohidrosis']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of drug therapy in @entity1 with severe @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) with total frequency @entity393 . METHODS: A prospective randomized, single blind, multi-center clinical trial was designed. The untreated @entity1 with @entity1274 were included, who had severe @entity393 (pure tone audiometry showed @entity1 had total frequency @entity393 , and their mean auditory threshold of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz was beyond 81 dB HL), age between 18 to 65 years old, and within 14 days of the onset . The @entity1 were divided into one of the four drug groups [batroxobin, batroxobin + @entity4044 leaves extract (EGb), @entity24290 + EGb + glucocorticoids, EGb + glucocorticoids] according to the random table, and receive treatment. RESULTS: Totally 276 @entity1 with unilateral severe @entity1274 were included from 33 hospitals, from August 2007 to October 2011. Among them, male @entity1 accounted for 135 (48.91%), female 141 (51.09%); the average age was (41.7    13.3)years. Forty cases were recovered (14.49%), 78 cases had marked effective (28.26%), 76 cases were effective (27.54%), 82 cases were in-effective (29.71%), and the total effective rate was 70.29%. Among four drug groups, the separate effective rate were 73.33%, 61.43%, 78.31% and 67.95% respectively, no significant difference was found between groups (  (2) = 9.97,P = 0.62). Among the four groups, the separate cure rate for @entity393 were 11.11%, 12.86%, 16.87% and 15.38%, the glucocorticoid groups were significantly better than those not used. Among severe @entity2459 @entity1 , 92.39% cases accompanied with @entity392 , 44.93% with @entity1296 (or vertigo), 50.36% with ear stuffy. There had no significant difference between the four groups with accompanied symptoms (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is value to give active treatment to sever @entity2459 @entity1 because of an effective rate of 70%. However, the doctors and @entity1 should be mind of a cure rate of only 14%. @entity230 are recommended bacause it may play a role in the improvement rate.

title: [Multi-center study on the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss', 'ISSHL']

entities_list: @entity24290 :: ('MESH:D012103', 'Chemical') :: ['batroxobin']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['ginkgo biloba']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden deafness']

answer: @entity2459 :: (MESH:D003639,Disease) :: ['sudden total deafness']