abstract: In the present work dynamic changes of free intracellular @entity535 pools during @entity4148 of @entity375 were quantified in @entity413 -limited continuous cultivations. At a dilution rate of D = 0.22 h(-1) cyclic changes with a period of 120 min were found for many variables such as @entity544 production rate, dissolved @entity26 , pH, biomass content, and various metabolite concentrations. On the basis of the observed dynamic patterns, free intracellular @entity1522 were classified to show oscillatory, stationary, or chaotic behavior. @entity535 pools such as @entity563 , @entity493 , @entity4857 , @entity368 , or @entity376 were subjected to @entity16488 with a frequency of 120 min, identical to that of other described cultivation variables, indicating that there is a direct correlation between the periodic changes of @entity535 concentrations and the metabolic oscillations on the cellular level. The oscillations of these @entity1522 were unequally phase-delayed and had different amplitudes of oscillation. Accordingly, they exhibited different patterns in phase plane plots vs. intracellular trehalose. Despite the complex and marked metabolic changes during oscillation, selected intracellular @entity1522 such as @entity3793 , @entity1889 , @entity6778 , or @entity369 remained about constant. Concentrations of @entity2227 and @entity1160 showed a chaotic behavior. However, the ratio of @entity2227 to @entity1160 concentration was found to be oscillatory, with a period of 60 min and a corresponding figure eight-shaped pattern in a plot vs. @entity7970 concentration. Considering the described diversity, it can be concluded that the observed periodic changes are neither just the consequence of low or high rates of protein biosynthesis/degradation nor correlated to changing cell volumes during oscillation. The ratio between doubling time (189 min) and period of oscillation of intracellular @entity1522 (120 min) was 1:6. The fact that there is a close relationship between doubling time and period of oscillation underlines that the described @entity4148 are cell-cycle-associated.

title: Free intracellular @entity535 pools during XXXX in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity16488 :: ('MESH:D018262', 'Disease') :: ['clear oscillations']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid', 'amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomous oscillations']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity4148 :: (MESH:D001342,Disease) :: ['autonomous oscillations']


abstract: Two pregnant @entity1 developed overt @entity2011 (up to 11 l/day) and @entity4683 during their second and third trimesters of pregnancy. In one @entity1 @entity3041 was present. Both @entity1 suffered from @entity6 . Plasma @entity1372 was 145 and 162 mmol/l. @entity2011 and @entity1494 responded well to @entity7062 . After delivery, @entity2011 and @entity4683 disappeared in one @entity1 and significantly improved in the other. Infusion of hypertonic saline one and two weeks respectively after delivery led to plasma @entity2915 (294 mosmol/kg and 305 mosmol/kg) without detectable stimulation of @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ). Anterior pituitary function was normal. No stimulation of AVP occurred following insulin-induced @entity4053 . AVP plasma disappearance after i.v. pulse injection of 1 microgram AVP as well as AVP plasma concentration after continuous infusion of 10 ng AVP/min was studied two weeks after delivery in one @entity1 . The results suggested markedly elevated degradation of AVP compared to control subjects, probably due to an increased vasopressin activity. Eight months after delivery, hypertonic saline infusion in one @entity1 led to a plasma-osmolality of 312 mosmol/kg without stimulation of AVP. In the second @entity1 , AVP was not detectable (less than 0.2 pg/ml) six months after delivery when plasma osmolality was 290 mosmol/kg. Our studies demonstrate that a subclinical compensated @entity2010 was preexistent in both @entity1 . Exacerbation occurred due to an increased AVP-clearance and presumably due to the hemodynamic and hormonal alterations during pregnancy, including a @entity6 .

title: [Transient @entity2011 in pregnancy in XXXX and gestational diabetes].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2011 :: ('MESH:D011141', 'Disease') :: ['polyuria', 'Polyuria']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['desmopressin acetate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['mild gestational diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary hypo-osmolality']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-osmolality']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2010 :: (MESH:D003919,Disease) :: ['diabetes insipidus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity320 is the leading intraocular malignancy. There is no effective treatment for metastatic @entity320 . We sought a treatment targeting the @entity5 microenvironment as well as the @entity5 cells. METHODS: Migration of HUVEC cells, the ability of HUVEC cells to form tubes, and proliferative capacity of a @entity1 @entity320 cell line were tested in the presence of @entity6985 and @entity2857 alone and in combination. The compounds were also tested in a @entity35 aortic ring assay and were tested in a highly aggressive @entity1 @entity320 xenograft model. RESULTS: @entity6985 and @entity2857 inhibit HUVEC ability to migrate and form tubes and when used in combination the inhibition is increased. The agents alone and in combination inhibit outgrowth in the @entity35 aortic ring model. The combination of the agents improved the inhibition over either single agent. In a xenograft model, combination therapy inhibited @entity5 growth over inhibition by single agent alone in a significant fashion (p < 0.004: @entity6985 and p < 0.0035: @entity2857 ). Furthermore, spontaneous lung metastasis development was completely inhibited in the combination treated animals. Sixty percent of vehicle treated animals developed lung @entity3 compared to 50% of @entity6985 treated animals, and 33% of @entity2857 treated animals. CONCLUSION: @entity6985 and @entity2857 are effective at targeting endothelial cells, inhibiting growth of @entity320 cells and can inhibit growth of @entity5 in a xenograft model as well as inhibit development of @entity3 . Combining these agents works in an additive to synergistic way to inhibit the growth of @entity5 and development of @entity3 .

title: Combination therapy targeting the @entity5 microenvironment is effective in a model of XXXX @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['ocular melanoma', 'Ocular melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity879 ( @entity879 ) has a rapidly progressive disease course associated with significant mortality. The prevalence of clinically significant @entity4 in @entity879 is unknown. METHODS: We aimed to describe the prevalence of @entity4 in a cohort of @entity879 adult (>18  years). We identified @entity1 admitted to a single, specialist intensive care unit between January 2005 and January 2011 with high-grade hepatic @entity75 (>= 3) and a clinical picture of either @entity4432 ( @entity409 ). @entity1 who had undergone cranial CT imaging were identified and their imaging reviewed. The @entity879 and @entity409 groups were compared. RESULTS: One thousand and eight @entity1 with @entity409 were admitted. One hundred and seventy-three @entity1 (110 male) underwent neuroimaging. Eighty-one (48 male) fulfilled criteria for @entity879 . @entity548 (30%) and @entity295 (31%) were the most frequent precipitants of @entity879 . Of those with neuroimaging from the total cohort, 30% of CT scans were normal, 30% demonstrated @entity194 for age, 17% small vessel disease and 16% @entity932 ( @entity932 ). @entity4 was seen in three @entity1 with @entity879 only. An increased prevalence of @entity932 was observed in the @entity879 group (23% vs. 9%, P  =  0.008). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of clinically relevant @entity4 was low (4%) but fatal. @entity204 was attributable to tonsillar herniation. An increased prevalence of @entity932 was seen in @entity879 @entity1 and remains an important differential.

title: @entity4 is rare in acute-on-chronic liver failure @entity1 presenting with high-grade hepatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ACLF', 'Acute-on-chronic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral oedema', 'cerebral oedema']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['ACLF or chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['increased cerebral atrophy']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: Prevalence of @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) in @entity1 and adolescents has increased, parallelled to the increased prevalence of @entity28 around the world. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify the clinical presenting features of T2DM in Thai @entity1 and adolescents, and (2) to identify evidence of feature of @entity209 in these affected. We analyzed 26 T2DM @entity1 who were treated by Pediatric endocrinologists in our hospital. The study showed that their mean ages (+/- SD) at diagnosis was 12.1 +/- 2.3 years, all were @entity28 and 96% had acanthosis nigricans. Fifty three percents (53%) presented with clinical signs and symptoms which included DKA (19.2%), clinical triad of @entity2011 , @entity4683 and weight loss (15.4%), only @entity2011 , @entity4683 (11.5%) and abnormal menstruation (7%). The rest of 46.2% had no clinical symptoms. The initial fasting or random plasma @entity413 found above diagnostic range in 84.5%, the rest of 15.5% were diagnosed by using oral @entity413 tolerance test. @entity2299 was found in 75%. Fifteen percents had no family history. Eighty percents had three or more than three features of @entity209 . In conclusions, clinical picture of @entity164 2 @entity6 in Thai youth varied from asymptomatic to severe illness (DKA). Almost all had clinical features of @entity209 . @entity28 has become @entity3082 in our population. Such clinical picture should alert all pediatricians to be aware of chronic diseases and for making an early diagnosis and preventing long-term complications in the future.

title: Clinical pictures of @entity164 2 @entity6 in Thai XXXX and adolescents is highly related to features of @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In this study the efficacy and safety femoral intra-arterial administration of @entity11248 in the treatment of @entity6 caused by gram-positive bacteria were evaluated. Twenty-five hospitalized @entity6 @entity1 with foot @entity1066 or with foot @entity1066 and @entity4034 were included in the study. In the @entity1066 @entity794 was present alone in 16 @entity1 and was associated with @entity796 in 2 @entity1 , with @entity5132 in 2, and with coagulase-negative @entity794 in 1 @entity1 . In 4 @entity1 other gram-positive bacteria were isolated. All isolated strains were resistant to various antibiotics tested. @entity11248 , 200 mg, was administered once a day by femoral intra-arterial injection for an average period of 14.72 +/- 7.16 days (range ten to thirty-six days). Six @entity1 were treated with an additional antibiotic intramuscularly or intravenously because of a @entity325 . At the end of the therapy microbiological assessment confirmed that gram-positive @entity281 was eliminated in all @entity1 . Clinical outcome demonstrated that healing occurred in 18 @entity1 (72%) and improvement in 7 @entity1 (28%). No adverse drug reactions were observed during the treatment. The results demonstrate that femoral intra-arterial administration of @entity11248 was highly effective in skin- and bone-infected lesions in the @entity6 foot. This method may represent a further advantage in management of this severe @entity6 complication.

title: Efficacy of femoral intra-arterial administration of @entity11248 in gram-positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic foot infections']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsophalangeal osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin', 'Teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot infections']


abstract: @entity2269 is a rare, aggressive @entity5 that mainly affects young male @entity1 and is characterized by a reciprocal translocation t(11;22)(p13;q12) associated with the @entity8587 gene fusion transcript. Clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetics features were reviewed for 32 @entity5 . There were 29 male and three female @entity1 , with ages from 6 to 54 years (mean, 25 years). The main clinical signs and symptoms included @entity490 (eight @entity1 ), @entity353 (five @entity1 ), and presence of umbilical @entity547 (four @entity1 ). Two @entity5 primarily involved the ethmoid sinus and the soft tissues of the scalp; the other @entity5 (mean size, 10 cm) involved the abdominal cavity (88%). One @entity1 presented initially with an axillary lymph node @entity3 . Generally, all @entity5 showed the typical histologic findings of variably sized clusters of small, round, or spindled cells lying in a @entity2269 . The neoplastic cells in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue sections were positive for @entity2283 (dot pattern) (81% of the cases), @entity8587 (91%), keratin (87%), @entity3508 (84%), @entity3778 (23%), and actin (3%). The @entity8587 gene fusion transcript was detected in 29 of 30 @entity5 . One @entity5 with typical clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features did not show the gene fusion. Follow-up for 27 @entity1 showed that 19 @entity1 (70%) died of uncontrolled, local, or widespread metastatic disease 3-46 months (mean, 20 months) after diagnosis, and eight @entity1 were alive with known evidence of disease. Occasionally, @entity2269 lacks the classic clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features. This study emphasizes the utility of analysis of the @entity8587 gene fusion transcript, which was performed on paraffin-embedded tissues, to confirm the diagnosis.

title: @entity2269 : a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of 32 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic small round cell tumor', 'desmoplastic small round cell tumor', 'desmoplastic stroma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Central nervous system space-occupying lesions with clear-cell features encompass a nosologically heterogeneous array, ranging from reactive histiocytic proliferations to @entity10053 of various grades and to @entity3 . In the face of such differential diagnostic breadth, recognizing cytoplasmic lucency as part of the morphological spectrum of some low grade @entity11 will directly have an impact on @entity1 care. We describe a prevailing clear-cell change in an epileptogenic left temporal @entity1893 surgically resected from a 36-year-old @entity1 . Mostly subarachnoid and focally calcified, the @entity5 was composed of fascicles of moderately atypical spindle cells with optically lucent cytoplasm that tended to intermingle with a desmoplastic mesh of reticulin fibers. Immunohistochemically, coexpression of @entity2281 protein, @entity2277 , @entity538 , and @entity2280 was noted. Conversely, neither punctate staining for EMA nor positivity for @entity469 was seen. Mitotic activity was absent, and the @entity1758 labeling index was 2-3% on average. Diastase-sensitive PAS-positive granula indicated clear-cell change to proceed from glycogen storage. Electron microscopy showed @entity5 cell cytoplasm to be largely obliterated by non-lysosomal-bound pools of glycogen, while hardly any fat vacuole was encountered. Neither ependymal-derived organelles nor annular lamellae suggesting oligodendroglial differentiation were detected. The latter differential diagnosis was further invalidated by lack of codeletion of chromosomal regions 1p36 and 19q13 on molecular genetic testing. By significantly interfering with pattern recognition as an implicit approach in histopathology, clear-cell change in @entity1893 is likely to suspend its status as a "classic", and to prompt more deductive differential diagnostic strategies to exclude look-alikes, especially @entity424 and @entity3271 .

title: Glycogen-rich XXXX with clear-cell features: confirmatory report of a rare variant with implications for differential diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['clear-cell ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['neuroepithelial or meningothelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']


abstract: Fast screening of trace amounts of the @entity14911 anion ( @entity14912 ) in water samples was performed following a simple, fast and efficient sample preparation procedure based on vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) prior to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. VALLME initially uses @entity2146 , a mild emulsification procedure to disperse microvolumes of @entity10333 , a low density extractant solvent, in the aqueous sample. Microextraction under equilibrium conditions is thus achieved within few minutes. Subsequently, centrifugation separates the two phases and restores the initial microdrop shape of the @entity10333 acceptor phase, which can be collected and used for liquid chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis. Several experimental parameters were controlled and the optimum conditions found were: 50  L of @entity10333 as the extractant phase; 20 mL aqueous donor samples ( @entity13891 ); a 2 min vortex extraction time with the @entity2146 set at a 2500 rpm rotational speed; no ionic strength adjustment. Centrifugation for 2 min at 3500 rpm yielded separation of the two phases throughout this study. Enhanced extraction efficiencies were observed at low pH which was likely due to enhanced electrostatic interaction between the negatively @entity14912 molecules and the positively charged @entity10333 /water interface. The effect of pH was reduced in the presence of @entity2827 , likely due to electrical double layer compression. The linear response range for @entity14912 was from 5 to 500 ng L(-1) (coefficient of determination, r(2), 0.997) and the relative standard deviation for aqueous solutions containing 10 and 500 ng L(-1) @entity14912 were 7.4% and 6.5%, respectively. The limit of detection was 1.6 ng L(-1) with an enrichment factor of approximately 250. Analysis of spiked tap, river and well water samples revealed that matrix did not affect extraction.

title: Fast screening of XXXX in water using vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['vortex agitation', 'vortex agitator']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity14911 :: (MESH:C076994,Chemical) :: ['perfluorooctane sulfonate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Assessing @entity1 -specific risk factors for long-term mortality following resection of @entity788 can be difficult. @entity6288 --the measurement of muscle wasting--may be a more objective and comprehensive @entity1 -specific factor associated with long-term survival. METHODS: Total psoas area (TPA) was measured on preoperative cross-sectional imaging in 557 @entity1 undergoing resection of @entity788 between 1996 and 2010. @entity6288 was defined as the presence of a TPA in the lowest sex-specific quartile. The impact of @entity6288 on 90-day, 1-year, and 3-year mortality was assessed relative to other clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 65.7 years and 53.1 % was male. Mean TPA among @entity1 (611 mm  /m  ) was greater than among @entity1 (454 mm  /m  ). Surgery involved pancreaticoduodenectomy (86.0 %) or distal pancreatectomy (14.0 %). Mean @entity5 size was 3.4 cm; 49.9 % and 88.5 % of @entity1 had vascular and perineural invasion, respectively. Margin status was R0 (59.0 %) and 77.7 % @entity1 had lymph node @entity3 . Overall 90-day mortality was 3.1 % and overall 1- and 3-year survival was 67.9 % and 35.7 %, respectively. @entity6288 was associated with increased risk of 3-year mortality (HR   =   1.68; P   <   0.001). Tumor-specific factors such as poor differentiation on histology (HR   =   1.75), margin status (HR   =   1.66), and lymph node @entity3 (HR   =   2.06) were associated with risk of @entity204 at 3-years (all P   <   0.001). After controlling for these factors, @entity6288 remained independently associated with an increased risk of @entity204 at 3 years (HR   =   1.63; P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6288 was a predictor of survival following pancreatic surgery, with sarcopenic @entity1 having a 63 % increased risk of @entity204 at 3 years. @entity6288 was an objective measure of @entity1 frailty that was strongly associated with long-term outcome independent of @entity5 -specific factors.

title: Impact of @entity6288 on outcomes following resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: In this randomized prospective study the authors have compared the effectiveness and side-effects of two local vasoconstrictor agents, @entity14758 (Effortil) and @entity7222 8 @entity1951 (Por 8) in vaginal gynaecological surgery. Thirty-three @entity1 entered the trial and were divided into two groups: G1 (15 @entity1 ) received Effortil, and G2 (18 @entity1 ) received Por 8. The products, administered at random, were diluted in saline 40 ml and injected into the cervix through 6 points. A 3-minute interval was allowed between injection and incision. The results were assessed on the basis of trans- and @entity86 and haemodynamic variations. Palor of the cervix was achieved after 3 minutes in both groups; moderate @entity548 was observed in only one of the G1 @entity1 . Postoperative renewal of packing was necessary in 2 @entity1 in G1 and 4 @entity1 in G2. No electrocardiographic anomaly was recorded in any of the two groups. Diastolic BP was significantly higher in G2 than in G1 (P less than 0.002, Fisher test). Systolic BP was also elevated in that group (P less than 0.03, chi 2 test). Moderate reduction in heart rate was observed in both groups (P less than 0.3, Fischer test), but severe (48 beats/min) @entity1168 was noted in one G2 @entity1 .

title: [Use of XXXX as local vasoconstrictor in lower gynecologic surgery ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity14758 :: ('MESH:D005039', 'Chemical') :: ['etilefrine']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity14758 :: (MESH:D005039,Chemical) :: ['etilefrin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study efficacy and safety of low-dose @entity2643 for maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion of @entity955 or @entity5069 . DESIGN: Nonrandomized trial; mean duration of follow-up, 20.7 months. SETTING: Referral center; institutional practice; both hospitalized and ambulatory care. @entity1 : Eighty-nine consecutive @entity1 having chronic @entity955 or @entity5069 and eligible for cardioversion. @entity1 had failed previous treatment aimed at maintaining sinus rhythm. During follow-up one @entity1 was withdrawn because of side effects; all @entity1 were available for follow-up. INTERVENTION: Before cardioversion, @entity1 received 600 mg of @entity2643 daily during a 4-week loading period. After conversion, the daily maintenance dose was 204 +/- 66 mg (mean +/- SD). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity943 recurrence and adverse effects causing drug discontinuation. RESULTS: During loading, 15 @entity1 (16%) converted, and after electrical cardioconversion, 90% of all @entity1 had sinus rhythm. Actuarially, 53% of these @entity1 were still in sinus rhythm after 3 years. In @entity1 with compromised left ventricular function, 93% maintained sinus rhythm after 6 months. One @entity1 died due to @entity712 . Intolerable side effects occurred in one @entity1 . No proarrhythmia was observed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity2643 was ineffective in @entity1 with @entity4794 or chronic @entity943 . CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity2643 is effective for maintaining sinus rhythm in @entity1 with difficult to treat chronic @entity955 or @entity5069 and is associated with a low incidence of serious side effects.

title: Low-dose XXXX for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion of @entity955 or @entity5069 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ideal location for mesh placement in open @entity4037 (OVHR) remains under debate. Current trends lean toward underlay or sublay repair. We hypothesize that in @entity1 undergoing OVHR, sublay versus underlay placement of mesh results in fewer surgical site infections (SSIs) and recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multi-institution database of all OVHRs performed from 2010 to 2011 was accessed. @entity1 with mesh placed in the sublay or underlay position and at least 1  mo of follow-up were included. Primary outcome was SSI. Secondary outcome was @entity547 recurrence. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression for SSI and Cox regression for recurrence. Subgroup analysis of elective, midline ventral incisional @entity547 was also performed. RESULTS: Of 447 @entity1 , 139 (31.1%) had a sublay repair. The unadjusted analysis showed no difference in SSI and lower recurrence using sublay compared with underlay. On multivariate analysis, there was no difference in SSI using sublay compared with underlay (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8-2.8). Recurrence was less common with sublay (hazard ratio 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8). On subgroup analysis of elective, midline @entity547 (n  =  247), there were more SSIs with sublay compared with underlay repair (28.0% versus 15.1%, P  =  0.018); however, there was no difference in major SSI (sublay 9.3% versus underlay 5.8%, P  =  0.315). There were fewer recurrences using sublay repair compared with underlay repair (10.7% versus 25.0%, P  =  0.010). CONCLUSIONS: In this multi-center, risk-adjusted study, sublay repair was associated with fewer recurrences than underlay repair and no difference in SSI. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate these findings.

title: Sublay versus underlay in open XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias', 'incisional hernias only']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of clinical factors and staging systems for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 who are candidates for therapeutic clinical trials. METHODS: From December 1990 to July 2005, 236 @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 were enrolled into six published phase II trials assessing various therapeutic regimens. Of these, 156 chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with @entity1 -Pugh class A and Barcelona Clinic @entity96 stage C disease were included in this analysis. Twenty-seven relevant clinical characteristics were analyzed to identify prognostic factors of survival. Beyond these prognosticators, the predictive ability of eight staging systems (the @entity5 -node- @entity3 , Okuda, @entity96 [ @entity96 ], Chinese University Prognostic Index, Japanese Integrated Staging, Tokyo, National Taiwan University Risk Estimation, and Advanced @entity96 Prognostic System [ALCPS] score) were compared using the Akaike information criteria. RESULTS: The median overall survival time was 129 days (95% confidence interval, 111-147 days). Significant predictors of a shorter overall survival time were an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score >= 2, the presence of symptoms, @entity843 , an @entity492 transaminase level more than two times the upper limit of normal, and regional lymph node involvement. The ALCPS and @entity96 scores were superior to the other systems for predicting survival. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity1 with advanced @entity157 who are candidates for therapeutic clinical trials is affected by several factors related to the @entity1 , liver function, and the @entity5 . The ALCPS and @entity96 scores appear to be superior to the other systems for predicting survival.

title: Factors impacting prognosis prediction in BCLC stage C and @entity1 -Pugh class A XXXX @entity1 in prospective clinical trials of systemic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['CLIP', 'Liver Cancer', 'Cancer of the Liver Italian Program']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'survival of hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a rehabilitation programme based on the Bobath concept in order to improve walking activity in @entity1 with @entity64 and to show the usefulness of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a tool for gathering functioning information. METHODS: This study is a repeated measures study. The setting of this study is an outpatient neurological rehabilitation centre based on a multidisciplinary approach. Twenty-four @entity1 suffering from @entity64 (>1   year and a half and <5   years post- @entity64 ) and mean age of 65.58 (standard deviation 10.73) were the @entity1 of the study. Multidisciplinary approach based on the Bobath concept principles with three weekly individual physiotherapy sessions of 45   min each over a 6-month period was the intervention for this study. The measures used were Modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile, 10-m walk test, 6-min walk test, muscle strength testing and subsequent codification of these results into ICF qualifiers. RESULTS: The results of the study showed significant improvement in activities of walking long distances, on different surfaces and around obstacles. There was no significant improvement in the activity of walking short distances or for muscle power functions. CONCLUSION: A rehabilitation programme based on the Bobath Concept improved walking activities in @entity1 with @entity64 . For this intervention, the use of the ICF qualifiers was sensitive in perceiving post-treatment changes. Copyright    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The Bobath Concept in Walking Activity in XXXX Measured Through the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Chronic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG) is used as a means to detect and prevent @entity4053 in @entity1 with @entity6 . However, information on the longitudinal measures (trajectory) of SMBG-based pre- and postprandial @entity413 fluctuations over time in relation to @entity4053 is limited. Among @entity1 treated with exenatide once weekly (EQW) or @entity2690 glargine (IG), this study compared SMBG profiles over 52 weeks between @entity1 who did and did not experience @entity4053 . METHODS: Pooled @entity1 -level 52-week longitudinal data of treatment with EQW (n = 531) or IG (n = 219) from three controlled trials were analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with at least one episode of @entity4053 in the EQW and IG groups was 23% and 54%, respectively. The preprandial @entity413 measures from SMBG were significantly lower among @entity1 who experienced @entity4053 in both treatment groups compared with those who did not. In @entity1 who experienced @entity4053 , the average preprandial @entity413 levels over 52 weeks were lower by 0.64 and 0.66   mmol/L in the EQW and IG groups, respectively (P < 0.01 in both cases) compared with those without @entity4053 . The average postprandial levels were not significantly different between @entity1 who did and did not experience @entity4053 in both treatment groups. Among @entity1 with @entity4053 , the average prebreakfast @entity413 trajectory was higher by 0.48   mmol/L in the EQW compared with the IG group. CONCLUSIONS: This study has revealed differential trajectories of pre- and postprandial @entity413 profiles between @entity1 with and without @entity4053 . However, the SMBG trajectories were similar between @entity1 treated with EQW and IG.

title: Comparison of trajectories of self-monitored @entity413 levels by XXXX status over 52 weeks of treatment with @entity2690 glargine or exenatide once weekly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Older @entity1 are at high risk for experiencing @entity137 ( @entity137 ) during hospitalization. To be able to reduce @entity137 in these vulnerable @entity1 , hospitals first need to measure the occurrence of @entity137 , especially those that are preventable. However, data on preventable @entity137 (pADEs) occurring during hospitalization in older @entity1 are scarce, and no 'gold standard' for the identification of @entity137 exists. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted in three hospitals in the Netherlands in 2007. @entity137 were retrospectively identified by a team of experts using a comprehensive and structured @entity1 chart review (PCR) combined with a trigger-tool as an aid. This ADE identification strategy was applied to a cohort of 250 older hospitalized @entity1 . To estimate the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities, Cohen's kappa values were calculated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In total, 118 @entity137 were detected which occurred in 62 @entity1 . This ADE yield was 1.1 to 2.7 times higher in comparison to other ADE studies in older hospitalized @entity1 . Of the 118 @entity137 , 83 (70.3%) were pADEs; 51 pADEs (43.2% of all @entity137 identified) caused serious @entity1 harm. @entity1 harm caused by @entity137 resulted in various events. The overall intra-rater agreement of the developed strategy was substantial (k = 0.74); the overall inter-rater agreement was only fair (k = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The ADE identification strategy provided a detailed insight into the scope of @entity137 occurring in older hospitalized @entity1 , and showed that the majority of (serious) @entity137 can be prevented. Several strategy related aspects, as well as setting/study specific aspects, may have contributed to the results gained. These aspects should be considered whenever ADE measurements need to be conducted. The results regarding pADEs can be used to design tailored interventions to effectively reduce harm caused by medication errors. Improvement of the inter-rater reliability of a PCR remains challenging.

title: Adverse drug events in older hospitalized XXXX : results and reliability of a comprehensive and structured identification strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse Drug Events', 'ADEs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cells need to interact with one another for the inflammatory response to occur. The @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family, plays an important role in @entity32 , and circulating @entity2071 has been reported to be elevated in @entity1 with some @entity32 . To study the influence of @entity565 on circulating @entity2071 levels, we measured concentrations of circulating @entity2071 in @entity1 with @entity565 . Fifteen @entity1 (6 male, 9 female, mean age: 30 +/- 7 years) and 5 controls (2 male, 3 female, mean age: 25 +/- 6 years) were included in the study. Daily peak flow rates and symptom scores were monitored over a week in all @entity1 and @entity2710 challenge tests were performed in 7 @entity1 . The spirometric analysis of @entity748 @entity1 demonstrated mean FEV1: 2.57 +/- 0.97 L (74.9 +/- 17.7% predicted), mean FEV1/FVC: 70.1 +/- 9.6%, mean bronchodilator response: 19.2 +/- 8.4%. The mean morning peak flow rate was 331.0 +/- 122.2 L/min, the mean evening peak flow rate 389.0 +/- 118.5 L/min, the mean peripheral eosinophil count 268 +/- 451/mm3, and the mean serum IgE level 327.4 +/- 238.2 IU/ml. The mean serum @entity2071 levels of @entity748 @entity1 and controls were 429 +/- 133 ng/ml and 405.0 +/- 81.0 ng/ml, respectively. There was no statistical difference between these levels. Furthermore, we could find no correlation between serum @entity2071 levels and FEV1, serum IgE levels, peak flow rates, and symptom scores, or @entity2710 PD20 values in @entity748 @entity1 . The results of this study suggest that serum @entity2071 levels are not increased in @entity748 @entity1 over controls and do not correlate with clinical @entity565 status.

title: Role of the adhesion molecule @entity2071 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Limited knowledge is currently available on the influence of fish thawing and subsequent storage conditions on bacterial growth kinetics, succession, and diversity alongside the production of biogenic @entity4478 . This study aimed to address these factors during the thawing and subsequent storage of mackerel. Thawing was either done fast in 18  C water for 2 h or slowly at 30  C overnight. Subsequent storage was at 30  C (ambient) for 36 h and 2 to 5  C (refrigerated) for 12 days. The cultivation methods used were total viable counts, @entity3957 -producing bacteria, and Pseudomonas . Maximum growth rate, population density, and lag time were fitted on the counts using the Baranyi model. The bacterial diversity and succession were based on sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons, and biogenic @entity4478 were quantified on high-pressure liquid chromatography-UV. The results show that lag time of @entity3957 -producing bacteria was significantly affected by both thawing methods, and further, the interaction between thawing and storage significantly affected the maximum growth rate of these bacteria. However, the maximum growth rate of Pseudomonas was higher during refrigerated storage compared with storage at ambient temperature. Total viable counts showed longer lag time and reduced growth rate under refrigerated storage. Higher bacterial diversity was correlated to slow thawing and storage at ambient temperature compared with slow thawing and refrigerated storage. Overall, Acinetobacter and Psychrobacter genera were the dominant bacterial populations. The @entity4976 levels were low and could not be differentiated along the thawing and storage approaches, despite a clear increase in bacterial load, succession, and diversity. This corresponded well with the low abundance of biogenic @entity4976 -producing bacteria, with the exception of the genus Proteus , which was 8.6% in fast-thawed mackerel during storage at ambient temperature. This suggests that the decarboxylation potential is dependent on both microbial load and microbial community structure.

title: Influence of Thawing Methods and Storage Temperatures on Bacterial Diversity, Growth Kinetics, and Biogenic XXXX Development in Atlantic Mackerel.

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity4976 :: (D000588,Chemical) :: ['Amine']


abstract: In order to investigate the antihypertensive effects of @entity1855 (CAS 52-53-9) and @entity3371 (CAS 62571-86-2), administered alone or in combination therapy, the blood pressure and heart rate effects of these two drugs at rest and during dynamic exercise were evaluated in a double blind study in 30 moderate or severe essential @entity101 @entity1 . After a 30-day placebo wash-out period, 15 @entity1 (age 60.6 +/- 8.0 years, mean +/- SD) were allocated to @entity1855 sustained-release treatment (120 mg b.i.d. for the first month of therapy and 240 mg b.i.d. for the second one) and 15 @entity1 (age 58.4 +/- 10.0 years) to @entity3371 treatment (25 mg b.i.d. and 50 mg b.i.d. for the first and second month of therapy, respectively). At low dosage both @entity1855 and @entity3371 significantly (p less than 0.001) and markedly reduced blood pressure values. Goal diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg was achieved in 40% and 20% of @entity1 in the @entity1855 group and in the @entity3371 group, respectively, at high dosage. In contrast to @entity3371 , @entity1855 induced a significant and dose-dependent heart rate reduction and markedly attenuated the pressor and tachycardiac responses to dynamic exercise. The combination of @entity1855 240 mg b.i.d. plus @entity3371 50 mg b.i.d. was then administered to @entity1 , whose blood pressure was not satisfactorily controlled by monotherapy. This regimen allowed a better blood pressure control both at rest and during exercise than on monotherapy and induced a complete blood pressure normalization in 62% of @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antihypertensive effects of @entity1855 , XXXX and their combination at rest and during dynamic exercise.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to show that surgery followed by Gamma Knife Radiosurgery is an effective and safe combined treatment for the control of @entity1653 located close to critical structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study followed 31 @entity1 with @entity1653 between 2005 and 2010. We included @entity1 when initial therapeutic decision was deliberate subtotal surgical resection preparing a target for early postoperative GKR. Early MRI was performed to evaluate the @entity5 residual volume after surgical procedure. Annual MRI was performed to detect any @entity5 progression. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 4.5 years. The mean margin dose was 14.5 Gy and the mean target volume was 2.4 cm3. The mean progression free survival after combined treatment was 4.4 years in the irradiated target volume and 3.9 years on the limit or remotely of irradiated target volume. Of all @entity1 , we recorded 5 @entity5 progressions after combined treatment, in-field in 1 case and out-of-field in 4 cases. All @entity5 progressions were high-grade @entity1653 . CONCLUSION: Surgery followed by radiosurgery is a safe and effective combined treatment for @entity1653 . We recommend it in case of @entity1653 located close to critical structures for which it is safer to leave in place a @entity5 remnant to reduce morbidity.

title: Surgery followed by radiosurgery: a deliberate valuable strategy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'intracranial meningioma', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['intracranial meningioma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity311 and @entity55 account for 40% of mortality among @entity1 under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to lack of diagnostic facilities, their management is based on the integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI) strategy. Symptoms of @entity311 and @entity55 overlap in African @entity1 , necessitating dual IMCI classifications at health centres and treatment with both antibiotics and antimalarials. This study determined the prevalence of @entity55 overlap and confirmed the diagnosis of @entity311 in these cases using a rapid diagnostic test. METHODOLOGY: Consecutive consultations of 1,216 @entity1 (two months to five years old) were documented over a three-month period in a comprehensive health centre. @entity311 rapid diagnostic tests were conducted only for @entity1 who had symptom overlap. RESULTS: Of the 1,216 @entity1 enrolled, 1,090 (90%) reported cough or @entity221 . Among the @entity1 fulfilling the @entity311 case definition, 284 (30%) also met the @entity55 case definition. Twenty-three percent (284) of all @entity1 enrolled met the criteria for both @entity311 and @entity55 . However, only 130 (46%) of them had a positive result for @entity311 using a @entity311 rapid diagnostic test. During a @entity55 overlap, female @entity1 (chi-square 5.9, P = 0.01) and @entity1 >=  one year (chi-square 4.8, P = 0.003) were more likely to seek care within two days of @entity221 . CONCLUSION: Dual treatment with antimalarials and antibiotics in @entity1 with @entity55 overlap may result in unnecessary over-prescription of antimalarial medications. Use of rapid diagnostic tests in their management can potentially avoid over-prescribing of @entity311 medications.

title: Clinical overlap between XXXX and @entity55 : can @entity311 rapid diagnostic test play a role?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'malaria-pneumonia', 'malaria-pneumonia symptom']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although numerous epidemiological studies on @entity698 have been conducted worldwide, only a few studies have paid attention to the effect of socioeconomic status on @entity698 , particularly studies focusing on the @entity258 ( @entity258 ). METHODS: We analyzed the epidemiological features of @entity698 in Taiwan using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database from 2003 to 2011. All cases diagnosed as @entity698 were enrolled. RESULTS: Between 2003 and 2011, 2,916 @entity1 from the @entity258 and 209,206 @entity1 from the normal population (NP) were diagnosed with @entity698 . Our finding revealed that the ratios of comorbidities, @entity532 , and readmissions in @entity258 @entity1 were slightly higher than those of NP @entity1 . @entity258 @entity1 were more likely to live in suburban and rural areas, and hence a higher proportion of them were hospitalized in a district or regional hospital compared with NP @entity1 . The crucially finding was that the overall incidence ratios of @entity698 , @entity697 , and @entity698 in the @entity258 were substantially higher than those in the NP (36.25%, 35.33%, and 37.28%, respectively). The mean LOS in @entity258 @entity1 was longer than that of NP @entity1 . The overall case-fatality ratio of appendectomy in the @entity258 was higher when compared with the NP (0.41% versus 0.12%, p < 0.05). We also observed that @entity698 was occurred frequently in male @entity1 , with a higher incidence for those aged 15-29 years in both the @entity258 and NP. The incidences of incidental appendectomy showed a decreasing trend in both the @entity258 and NP. Finally, a valuable discovery was that the total hospital cost was comparable between the laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) (1,178    13 USD versus 1,191    19 USD, p < 0.05) in @entity258 @entity1 because they saved more hospitalization costs than NP @entity1 when the previous one chose the LA. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that a lower socioeconomic status has significantly negative impact on the occurrence and treatment of @entity698 and appendectomy. In terms of hospital costs and LOS, @entity258 @entity1 benefit more from the LA approach than they do from the @entity1538 approach in the treatment of @entity698 .

title: Epidemiology of @entity698 and appendectomy for the XXXX in Taiwan, 2003-2011.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open appendectomy', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income population', 'LIP']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low-income population']


abstract: @entity57858 , @entity3793 -rich proteins found within parotid and submandibular secretions, are a novel class of endogenous peptides with antimicrobial properties. This masked, randomized, placebo-controlled preclinical investigation examined the effect of 3 topical histatins on the development of plaque and @entity2522 in @entity235 . 16, female, 1-year-old beagles were brought to optimal gingival health by mechanical scaling and polishing followed by @entity2794 brushing. At the conclusion of this pretreatment period, @entity235 were randomly divided into 4 groups for the application of test formulations, and were placed on a plaque-promoting diet. Test agents included 3 synthetic salivary @entity57858 (histatin 5, P-113 and P-113D) which were incorporated in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel at a concentration of 0.125%, and a placebo, or negative control, which was the gel vehicle alone. Throughout the 10-week treatment period, test formulations (2.0 ml) were applied 2 x daily to all premolar teeth using a Monojet syringe. Plaque formation and @entity32 were assessed using the plaque (PI) and gingival (GI) indices on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56 and 70. Furthermore, bleeding to probing was recorded as a percent of sites (%BOP) and according to the modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI). Comparisons among groups and between group pairs (active versus placebo) were made with Kruskal-Wallis tests with the average of data over the interval, days 14-42, being the primary focus of the analysis. From baseline to day 7, all groups expressed similar indices. Thereafter, overall significant differences among the groups were noted at day 42 for PI, at days 21, 28, 42 and 70 for GI, and at days 14 and 28 for %BOP (p < 0.05). In particular, beagles treated with P-113 demonstrated significantly lower PI scores at day 42 (p < 0.05), significantly lower GI scores from days 21 through 42 (p < 0.05), and significantly lower %BOP scores at days 14 and 28 (p < 0.05) compared to beagles treated with placebo. Beagles treated with P-113D exhibited significantly lower GI at day 42 compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). For the primary analysis conducted over the midtreatment interval (days 14-42), significant differences were detected for all parameters except mSBI (p < 0.05). Accordingly, significantly lower PI scores were found for P-113, lower GI scores for P-113 and P-113D, and lower %BOP for P-113 and P-113D compared to placebo (p < 0.05). These data indicate that in the beagle model, salivary histatins, P-113 and P-113D, topically applied, can significantly reduce clinical signs of @entity32 .

title: Inhibition of experimental @entity2522 in XXXX with topical salivary histatins.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation', 'plaque formation and gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity57858 :: ('MESH:D054808', 'Chemical') :: ['Histatins', 'histatins']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['rigorous daily tooth']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined pregnant @entity1 's intention to obtain the seasonal @entity683 vaccine via a randomized controlled study examining the effects of immunization history, message exposure, and sociodemographic correlates. METHODS: Pregnant @entity1 ages 18-50 participated in a randomized message framing study from September 2011 through May 2012. Venue-based sampling was used to recruit racial and ethnic minority @entity1 throughout Atlanta, Georgia. Key outcomes were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: History of @entity683 immunization was positively associated with intent to immunize during pregnancy [OR = 2.31, 90%CI: (1.06, 5.00)]. Significant correlates of intention to immunize included perceived susceptibility to @entity683 during pregnancy [OR = 3.8, 90% CI: (1.75, 8.36)] and vaccine efficacy [OR = 10.53, 90% CI: (4.34, 25.50)]. Single message exposure did not influence a @entity1 's intent to vaccinate. CONCLUSIONS: Prior immunization, perceived flu susceptibility and perceived vaccine effectiveness promoted immunization intent among this population of pregnant minority @entity1 . Vaccine efficacy and disease susceptibility are critical to promoting immunization among @entity1 with no history of seasonal @entity683 immunization, while those who received the vaccine are likely to do so again. These findings provide evidence for the promotion of repeated exposure to vaccine messages emphasizing vaccine efficacy, normative support, and susceptibility to @entity683 .

title: Factors associated with maternal XXXX immunization decision-making.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) could improve dissemination of @entity308 care quality improvement in underresourced communities, but whether its effects on provider training participation differ from those of standard technical assistance, or resources for services (RS), is unknown. This study compared program- and staff-level participation in @entity308 care quality improvement training among programs enrolled in @entity497 , which trained networks of health care and social-community agencies jointly, and RS, which provided technical support to individual programs. METHODS: Matched programs from health care and social-community service sectors in two communities were randomly assigned to RS or @entity497 . Data were from 1,622 eligible staff members from 95 enrolled programs. Primary outcomes were any staff trained (for programs) and total hours of training (for staff). Secondary staff-level outcomes were hours of training in specific @entity308 collaborative care components. RESULTS: @entity497 programs were more likely than RS programs to participate in any training (p=.006). Within health care sectors, @entity497 programs were more likely than RS programs to participate in training (p=.016), but within social-community sectors, there was no difference in training by intervention. Among staff who participated in training, mean training hours were greater among @entity497 programs versus RS programs for any type of training (p<.001) and for training related to each component of @entity308 care (p<.001) except medication management. CONCLUSIONS: @entity497 may be an effective strategy to promote staff participation in @entity308 care improvement efforts in underresourced communities.

title: Participation in Training for XXXX Care Quality Improvement: A Randomized Trial of Community Engagement or Technical Support.

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community engagement and planning', 'CEP']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: We undertook clinical evaluation (32 cases) and molecular evaluation (31 cases) of unrelated @entity1 affected with @entity87 ( @entity87 ) associated with an interstitial deletion of band @entity1354 .2 of chromosome 17. @entity1 were evaluated both clinically and electrophysiologically for @entity1897 , since markers showing close linkage to one form of @entity5108 (CMT1A) map to this chromosomal region. The common clinical findings were broad flat midface with @entity91 , broad nasal bridge, @entity14883 , @entity10791 , and hoarse, deep voice. Fifty-five percent of the @entity1 showed clinical signs (e.g., @entity427 , decreased sensitivity to @entity158 , and decreased leg muscle mass) suggestive of @entity1897 . However, unlike @entity1 with CMT1A, these @entity1 demonstrated normal nerve conduction velocities. Self-destructive behaviors, primarily onychotillomania and polyembolokoilamania, were observed in 67% of the @entity1 , and significant symptoms of @entity25 were observed in 62%. The absence of REM sleep was demonstrated by polysomnography in two @entity1 . Southern analysis indicated that most @entity1 were deleted for five 17p11.2 markers--FG1 (D17S446), 1516 (D17S258), pYNM67-R5 (D17S29), pA10-41 (D17S71), and @entity53425 .1-HB2 (D17S445)--thus defining a region which appears to be critical to @entity87 . The deletion was determined to be of paternal origin in nine @entity1 and of maternal origin in six @entity1 . The apparent random parental origin of deletion documented in 15 @entity1 suggests that genomic imprinting does not play a role in the expression of the @entity87 clinical phenotype. Our findings suggest that @entity87 is likely a contiguous-gene deletion syndrome which comprises characteristic clinical features, @entity245 , clinical signs of @entity1897 , @entity25 , and specific @entity146 .

title: Molecular analysis of the XXXX : a possible contiguous-gene syndrome associated with del(17)( @entity1354 .2).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease']

entities_list: @entity87 :: ('MESH:D058496', 'Disease') :: ['SMS', 'Smith-Magenis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral anomalies']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['speech delay']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['brachycephaly']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes, pes planus or pes cavus']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal sleep function', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity14883 :: ('MESH:D059327', 'Disease') :: ['brachydactyly']

answer: @entity87 :: (MESH:D058496,Disease) :: ['Smith-Magenis syndrome']


abstract: @entity5 cells often acquire the ability to escape cell @entity204 , a key event leading to the development of @entity5 . In almost half of all @entity1 @entity5 , the capability to induce cell @entity204 is reduced by the mutation and inactivation of @entity876 , a @entity5 suppressor protein that is a central regulator of apoptosis. As a result, there is a crucial need to identify different cell @entity204 pathways that could be targeted in @entity5 lacking @entity876 . @entity9486 , the closely related @entity876 family member, can regulate many @entity876 target genes and therefore some of the same cellular responses as @entity876 . Unlike @entity876 , however, @entity9486 is seldom mutated in @entity5 , making it an attractive, alternative @entity204 effector to target. We report here the ability of @entity9486 to upregulate the expression of the A2B receptor, a recently characterized @entity876 target that effectively promotes cell @entity204 in response to extracellular @entity859 --a metabolite that accumulates during various forms of cellular stress. Importantly, we show that @entity9486 -dependent stimulation of A2B signalling markedly enhances apoptosis in @entity5 cells that are devoid of @entity876 . This mode of @entity204 is caspase- and @entity6396 -dependent, and can be prevented by the overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-X(L). Moreover, treatment of @entity876 -null @entity5 cells with the chemotherapeutic drug @entity632 ( @entity632 ) induces A2B in a @entity9486 -dependent manner and, in combination with an A2B agonist, substantially enhances apoptotic @entity204 . We therefore propose an alternate and distinct @entity876 -independent pathway to stimulate programmed cell @entity204 involving @entity9486 -mediated engagement of @entity859 signalling.

title: @entity9486 engages A2B receptor signalling to prime XXXX cells to chemotherapy-induced @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Tumour', 'cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Forty-four @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) which relapsed after chemotherapy were treated with salvage radiotherapy (S-RT) with curative intent. @entity1 were aged 7 to 80 years (median 32 years) at the time of S-RT and the median follow-up from S-RT was 5 years (1-15). Nine @entity1 had recurrent @entity978 following first-line chemotherapy and thirty five @entity1 had refractory @entity978 . Salvage therapy consisted of radiotherapy alone in 25 and combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 19 @entity1 . The overall CR rate of salvage therapy was 66%. The overall median survival of 44 @entity1 was 4.6 years from S-RT with 46% 5 year and 40% 10 year survivals. Age (greater than 40 years) and progression free interval (less than or equal to 1 year) were adverse independent prognostic factors for survival on multivariate analysis. The 5 and 10 year progression free survivals were 38% and 23% respectively. Adverse independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival were extranodal site of recurrence and short progression free interval (less than or equal to 1 year). We conclude that radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy has a role in the salvage of @entity1 failing chemotherapy, particularly in those with @entity66 and progression-free interval greater than 1 year.

title: Salvage radiotherapy in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Our objective was to explore the effects of miR-92a and @entity20566 on myocardial apoptosis in @entity19 @entity63 -reperfusion model and further investigate the underlying mechanisms. Eighteen Kunming @entity19 were selected and randomly divided into sham operation group and @entity63 -reperfusion group with nine @entity19 in each group. Cardiac muscle tissue was stained with Evans blue to confirm @entity583 and @entity63 . @entity10440 /PI double staining was used to detect the apoptotic rate of myocardial cells, and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect the number of apoptotic cells; Western blot was used to detect expression of @entity185 to evaluate the apoptosis of @entity19 myocardial cells; qRT-PCR was used to detect expression of miR-92a and @entity20566 in @entity19 myocardium, and Western blot was used to detect expression of @entity187 in two groups. Evans blue staining results showed that there was a large area of @entity63 in myocardium of @entity63 -reperfusion @entity19 with marked @entity1188 , suggesting successful establishment of the model. In sham operation group, myocardial cells were mostly normal cells. @entity10440 /PI double staining of flow cytometry result showed that the apoptotic rate was 5.9  % in sham operation group and 37.0  % in @entity63 -reperfusion group, respectively. Apoptosis detection results showed that apoptotic index (AI) of myocardial cells in @entity63 -reperfusion @entity19 was significantly higher than in sham operation group. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that miR-92a expression in @entity63 -reperfusion group was significantly higher than in sham operation group (F  =  32.302, P  =  0.000), and @entity20566 expression in @entity63 -reperfusion group was significantly lower than in sham operation group (F  =  41.125, P  =  0.000). Moreover, @entity187 detected by Western blot showed that HSP expression in @entity63 -reperfusion group was significantly lower than in sham operation group. The change of miR-92a was in accordance with AI of myocardial cells. However, the change of @entity20566 is in contrary with AI of myocardial cells, which may be related to the @entity187 expression in myocardial cells.

title: The Effects and Mechanism of miR-92a and XXXX on Myocardial Apoptosis in @entity19 Ischemia-Reperfusion Model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity20566 :: (387145(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['miR-126']


abstract: From 1965 to 1980, 249 consecutive @entity1 underwent a Mustard procedure for simple transposition of the great arteries. Hospital mortality was 23 of 249 (9.2%); follow-up for 24 years (mean, 11.7 +/- 6.1 yr) revealed 50 of 249 (20%) late deaths, of which seven were noncardiac, six were in the hospital, and 37 were sudden (27 @entity1 with poor hemodynamics and 10 unexplained). Actuarial survival after 1, 10, and 20 years was 85, 75, and 67%. The instantaneous risk of @entity204 decreased rapidly after surgery but showed a second peak from 8 to 15 years postoperation. When last seen 87% were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I; 69% had sinus rhythm, 20% nodal rhythm, 10% @entity956 , and 1% paced. Survival in uninterrupted sinus rhythm after 5, 10, and 20 years was 75, 62, and 47%. Nodal rhythm detected by annual ECG occurred in 69 @entity1 . Excluding the early experience, the risk of loss of sinus rhythm was constant in time and constant throughout the experience (2.4%/yr). @entity956 was observed in 36 @entity1 . Occurrence of @entity956 was limited to two discrete surgical periods: the first operations (26 with @entity956 of the first 50) and an ill-defined period in the middle of the experience. @entity1 not operated on during these two periods were very unlikely to develop @entity956 (one of 104, p less than 0.001). As for @entity204 , the hazard function showed a bimodal curve, the second peak appearing earlier from 5 to 11 years. If nodal rhythm was noted on the yearly routine ECG, the risk for developing subsequent @entity956 increased by a factor of 2.1 (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Risk factors for arrhythmia and XXXX after Mustard operation for simple transposition of the great arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'Atrial flutter']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: AIM. The aim of the article is to systematically review the current evidence on the diagnostic use of narrow band imaging (NBI), @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) and endoscopic image enhancement technology i-scan endoscopies for gastric precancerous and @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS. Original manuscripts were searched in PubMed until October 2012. Pertinent data were collected and pooled diagnostic accuracy measures were estimated when possible. RESULTs. In total, 38 studies were evaluated. Thirty-one studies were included for NBI and 7 studies for @entity2996 assessment in this systematic review. No article was found meeting inclusion criteria for i-scan endoscopy. The most defined and evaluated outcomes were @entity5 -related (n = 26). Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies score varied from 9 to 12 (out of 14). Only few studies assessed the interobserver reliability. On a @entity1 level analysis, NBI's pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.61-0.73), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76-0.85) and 22.71 (95% CI: 12.53-41.1), respectively for diagnosing normal mucosa; 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82-0.90), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73-0.80) and 17.01 (95% CI: 1.4-207.2) for intestinal metaplasia and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80-0.86) and 47.61 (95% CI: 4.61-491.34) for @entity1141 . Owing to the insufficient data and different definitions, we could not aggregate the results for @entity2996 . CONCLUSION. Gastric pattern descriptions have been proposed for NBI and @entity2996 studies by gathering all descriptions in one single description. The classification systems varied between studies, a single description of @entity356 with HR--scopes or at least per technology--will have to be agreed on.

title: Systematic review of the diagnosis of @entity356 conditions and XXXX with high-resolution endoscopic technologies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['flexible spectral imaging color enhancement', 'FICE']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal features']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: With the increasing penetration of digital mobile devices among adolescents, mobile texting messaging is emerging as a new channel for @entity1 -clinician communication for this population. In particular, it can promote active communication between healthcare clinicians and adolescents with @entity565 . However, little is known about the content of the messages exchanged in medical encounters via mobile text messaging. Therefore, this study explored the content of text messaging between clinicians and adolescents with @entity565 . Materials and Methods: We collected a total of 2,953 text messages exchanged between 5 nurse case managers and 131 adolescents with @entity565 through a personal digital assistant. The text messages were coded using a scheme developed by adapting categories from the Roter Interaction Analysis System. Results: Nurse case managers sent more text messages (n=2,639) than adolescents with @entity565 . Most messages sent by nurse case managers were targeted messages (n=2,475) directed at all adolescents with @entity565 , whereas there were relatively few tailored messages (n=164) that were created personally for an individual adolescent. In addition, both targeted and tailored messages emphasized task-focused behaviors over socioemotional behaviors. Likewise, text messages (n=314) sent by adolescents also emphasized task-focused over socioemotional behaviors. Conclusions: Mobile texting messaging has the potential to play an important role in @entity1 -clinician communication. It promotes not only active interaction, but also @entity1 -centered communication with clinicians. In order to achieve this potential, healthcare clinicians may need to focus on socioemotional communication as well as task-oriented communication.

title: XXXX -Clinician Mobile Communication: Analyzing Text Messaging Between Adolescents with Asthma and Nurse Case Managers.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased signal intensity (ISI) in the spinal cord on T2-weighted MR images has been reported in some previous researches, however no study focused on the position of the ISI in the spinal cord and its potential value. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between ISI position and the outcome of surgical treatment for @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted. Pre- and post-operative clinical status was evaluated by modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. ISI was evaluated according to the T2-weighted sequences. The JOA score and the recovery ratios among @entity1 with ISI in gray matter (group A), in both gray and white matter (group B), and ISI-negative group were compared. RESULTS: Totally 64 @entity1 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Preoperative JOA score of ISI positive and negative group had significant difference, but the recovery ratios had no significant difference (the recovery ratios of the two groups in week 1, week 26, and week 104 were (21.54 +/- 14.65)%, (50.56 +/- 14.76)%, (59.23 +/- 13.08)% and (20.25 +/- 14.32)%, (54.46 +/- 23.16)% and (61.26 +/- 29.4)%, respectively; P > 0.05). The recovery ratios of negative group and group A in week 104 were superior to group B (the recovery ratios of negative group, group A, and group B in week 104 were (61.26 +/- 29.49)%, (65.35 +/- 11.36)%, and (50.33 +/- 10.20)%, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with ISI in the gray matter alone on T2-weighted MR images did not have significantly different surgical outcomes compared with those without ISI. @entity1 with ISI in both gray and white matter had surgical outcomes that were worse than those without ISI.

title: Position of increased signal intensity in the spinal cord on MR images: does it predict the outcome of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylotic myelopathy', 'CSM']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylotic myelopathy']


abstract: @entity101 is the most common @entity74 encountered during pregnancy. @entity101 are one of the major causes of pregnancy-related maternal @entity204 in the United States. We will present a comprehensive update of the literature pertinent to @entity101 in pregnancy. The paper begins by defining and classifying @entity101 in pregnancy. The normal vascular and renal physiological changes which occur during pregnancy are detailed. We will summarize the intriguing aspects of pathophysiology of @entity1468 , emphasizing on recent advances in this field. The existing diagnostic tools and the tests which have been proposed for screening @entity1468 are comprehensively described. We also highlight the short- and long-term implications of @entity1468 . Finally, we review the current management guidelines, goals of treatment and describe the potential risks and benefits associated with various antihypertensive drug classes. @entity1468 still remains an enigma, and the present management focuses on monitoring and treatment of its manifestations. We are hopeful that this in depth critique will stimulate the blossoming research in the field and assist practitioners to identify @entity1 at risk and more effectively treat affected individuals.

title: A comprehensive review of XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive disorders', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'Preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['medical disorder']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Sunlight provides energy for photosynthesis and is essential for nearly all life on earth. However, too much or too little light or rapidly fluctuating light conditions cause stress to plants. Rapid changes in the amount of light are perceived as a change in the reduced/oxidized (redox) state of photosynthetic electron transport components in chloroplasts. However, how this generates a signal that is relayed to changes in nuclear gene expression is not well understood. We modified redox state in the reference plant, @entity958 , using either excess light or low light plus the herbicide @entity13399 ( @entity13398 ), a well-known inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport. Modification of redox state caused a change in expression of a common set of about 750 genes, many of which are known stress-responsive genes. Among the most highly enriched promoter elements in the induced gene set were @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ), known motifs that change gene expression in response to high temperature in many systems. We show that @entity1457 from the promoter of the @entity39523 ( @entity39523 ) gene were necessary and sufficient for @entity39523 expression in conditions of excess light, or under low light plus the herbicide. We tested @entity39523 expression phenotypes in overexpression and loss-of-function mutants of 15 @entity958 A-type heat-shock transcription factors (HSFs), and identified @entity39533 , @entity19358 , and @entity60997 as key factors regulating @entity39523 expression in diverse stress conditions. Excess light regulates both the subcellular location of @entity39533 and its biochemical properties, making it a key early component of the excess light stress network of plants.

title: Subset of heat-shock transcription factors required for the early response of XXXX to excess light.

entities_list: @entity13398 :: ('MESH:D003991', 'Chemical') :: ['2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['HSEs', 'heat-shock elements']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of recurrence and prognostic significance of histologic subtype in a large series of @entity1 with primary @entity27418 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Classification of @entity1821 into subtypes, based on morphologic features and cytogenetic aberrations, is now widely accepted. Previous studies have shown that high histologic grade and incomplete gross resection are the most important prognostic factors for survival in @entity1 with @entity242 and suggest that @entity1 with @entity1821 have a 3-fold higher risk of local recurrence compared with other histologies. METHODS: A prospective database was used to identify 177 @entity1 with primary @entity27418 treated between July 1982 and June 2002. Histology at primary presentation was reviewed by a @entity242 pathologist and subtyped into 4 distinct groups according to strict criteria. The influence of clinicopathological factors on local recurrence, distant recurrence, and disease-specific survival was analyzed. RESULTS: Of 177 @entity1 with primary @entity27418 operated on for curative intent, 99 (56%) presented with well-differentiated, 65 (37%) with dedifferentiated, 9 (5%) with myxoid, and 4 (2%) with round cell morphology. The @entity5 burden was determined by the sum of the maximum @entity5 diameters. The median @entity5 burden was 26 cm (5-139). Median follow-up time for 92 (52%) surviving @entity1 was 37 (mean, 0.5-192) months. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity1821 subtype was associated with a 6-fold increased risk of @entity204 compared with well-differentiated histology (P < 0.0001). In addition to histologic subtype, incomplete resection (P < 0.0001), contiguous organ resection (excluding nephrectomy; P = 0.05), and age (P = 0.03) were important independent prognostic factors for survival in @entity27418 . Retroperitoneal @entity1821 was associated with an 83% local recurrence rate and 30% distant recurrence rate at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The histologic subtype and margin of resection are prognostic for survival in primary @entity27418 . Dedifferentiated histologic subtype and the need for contiguous organ resection (excluding nephrectomy) was associated with an increase risk of local and distant recurrence. Nephrectomy may be needed to achieve complete resection, but has no measurable influence on disease specific survival.

title: Histologic subtype and margin of resection predict pattern of recurrence and survival for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'retroperitoneal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity27418 :: ('MESH:C538370', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma', 'dedifferentiated liposarcoma']

answer: @entity27418 :: (MESH:C538370,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal liposarcoma']


abstract: It is well known that the effect of @entity11189 is enhanced by a low protein diet, but whether this is associated with a lower apparent minimum effective dose, increased slope of response curves, or both has not been investigated previously. @entity11189 at 12 dosages ranging from 0 to 2.34 micrograms/g of feed was fed to eight groups of 10 young @entity1573 per treatment consuming a 10.00 or 12.75% protein diet for 3 weeks. The body weights, liver weights relative to body weights, and total lipid content of the livers were determined. Mathematical models were fitted to the data and from the appropriate equations the dose-response curves were predicted as continuous functions of @entity11189 concentration. A quadratic polynomial fit body weight data on the 12.75% protein diet whereas a plateau-linear model fit body weight data on the 10.00% protein diet. This implies that in a low protein diet @entity11189 affects only one of the factors controlling growth. Plateau-linear models fit liver relative weight and liver lipid content data on both 10.00 and 12.75% diets. For both variables the lower protein diet decreased the apparent minimum effective dose and increased the positive slope of the linear response. The apparent minimum effective doses (micrograms of @entity11189 per gram of feed) in this experimental system were calculated from the modeling @entity409 , and 1.45 and 2.34 for liver relative weight in 10.00 and 12.75% protein diets, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Interaction of dietary protein level on dose response relationships during aflatoxicosis in young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['approach to be 1.21 and 2.00 for body weight, 1.08 and 1.65 for liver lipids']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin', 'Aflatoxin']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 after sinonasal surgery concerns both @entity1 and surgeons. Factors affecting sinonasal @entity282 have not been examined extensively. METHODS: Using a prospective survey design, sinonasal surgery @entity1 evaluated @entity282 (on a scale of 0-10), @entity158 location, and medication use. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven @entity1 consented to participate. One hundred fifteen @entity1 returned surveys, with 100 @entity1 appropriate for analysis over the 6-day postoperative period. @entity158 score and medication use were evaluated with respect to sex, primary/revision case, nasal packing, and other factors. Repeated measures analysis of variance and chi-square analysis were conducted (p < 0.05). @entity158 ratings and analgesic use declined significantly over the postoperative period (p < 0.05). Mean @entity158 score on postoperative day (POD) 1 was 3.61 and on POD 6 was 1.72. Mean medication use was 1.37 tablets on @entity773 and 0.55 tablets on POD 6. Additionally, a significant interaction existed, such that narcotic medication use declined from 1.91 tablets on @entity773 to 0.52 tablets on POD 6, whereas nonnarcotic medication use remained steady (p < 0.05). Periorbital @entity158 was most frequent (46.3%), with unilateral @entity158 reported least (4.1%). A significant difference existed for distribution of @entity158 location (p < 0.05). Finally, the difference in @entity158 rating between primary and revision procedure for @entity1 (0.65) was less than for @entity1 (1.12); this interaction was significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multiple @entity1 and operative factors affect @entity158 rating and medication use after sinonasal surgery. Generally, @entity158 level should be low with little analgesic use postoperatively.

title: Evaluation of XXXX after sinonasal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'facial pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: From 1983 to 1988, 42 shoulder arthroplasties were performed on comminuted acute or chronic @entity6342 . @entity1 were categorized according to the post- @entity174 operative delay; there were 15 four-part @entity174 , with median post- @entity174 delay of 13 days (range: 7 to 21), and 27 chronic @entity174 , including 11 four-part @entity174 , 9 three-part @entity174 , and 7 two-part @entity174 , with median post- @entity174 delay of 14 months (range: 4 to 72). Follow up was approximately 2 years in both groups (range: 1 to 5). All @entity1 were evaluated according to a modified Neer score-system and classified into four groups. @entity158 relief was satisfactory in the acute group, but was unpredictable in the chronic group. The results in the acute group were significantly superior (P less than .05). In the acute group, 3 (20%) @entity1 had an excellent result and 6 @entity1 (40%) had a good result, compared to a good result obtained by 6 @entity1 (22%) in the chronic group. Two @entity1 (13%) in the acute group and 11 @entity1 (40%) in the chronic group had a poor result. There were no statistical differences between two-part, three-part, or four-part @entity174 in the chronic group. Five cases of persistent instability were seen in shoulders formerly treated with osteosynthesis (one acute and four chronic cases). Two of these cases developed an @entity281 . Good results can be expected after prosthetic replacement in acute @entity6342 . Failed primary treatment reduces the possibility of a good result with revision arthroplasty.

title: Shoulder arthroplasty in complex acute and chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: Watchful waiting remains an important treatment option for some @entity1 with @entity263 . We defined the demographic, clinical and outcome features of @entity1 selecting watchful waiting as an initial treatment strategy, and determined factors predictive of eventual progression to secondary treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 8390 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 from 1990 to 2001 in the Department of Defense Center for @entity4623 Research Database, 1158 @entity1 chose watchful waiting as initial treatment. The demographic and clinical differences between @entity1 on watchful waiting and those choosing other initial treatments were compared using the chi-square test. Secondary treatment-free survival according to various prognostic factors was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences were tested using the log rank test. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine which factors were independent predictors of secondary treatment. RESULTS: Compared to other @entity1 , those selecting watchful waiting were older, had lower @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) at diagnosis, and were more likely to have lower stage ( @entity7487 ) and lower grade (Gleason sum 7 or less) @entity5 . Age, @entity1486 and clinical stage were all significant and independent predictors of secondary treatment. The relative risk of secondary treatment can be expressed as EXP (-0.034 x age at diagnosis + 0.284 x LOG (diagnostic @entity1486 ) + 0.271 x clinical stage T2 + 0.264 x clinical stage T3). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who elect watchful waiting as initial management for @entity263 are older with lower Gleason sums and serum @entity1486 . In these @entity1 , age at diagnosis, serum @entity1486 and clinical stage are the most significant predictors of requiring or selecting secondary treatment.

title: Watchful waiting and factors predictive of secondary treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14855 -inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation. The aim of this study was to assess over 2 years the safety and effect on renal function of withdrawal of CNI immunosuppression and replacement with @entity3446 (SRL) in stable cardiac transplant recipients. METHODS: CNI was substituted with SRL in 78 cardiac transplant recipients (SRL group) of whom 58 (group A) had CNI-induced @entity8 (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <50 mL/min) and 20 (group B) had preserved renal function (GFR >50 mL/min). Fifty-one @entity1 (CNI group) with @entity8 (GFR < or =50 mL/min) maintained on CNI served as controls. Secondary immunosuppressants were unchanged. RESULTS: In the SRL group, GFR increased from 47.0+/-18.0 to 61.2+/-22.2 ml/min (P=0.0001) 24 months after SRL initiation. In Group A, GFR increased from 40.5+/-12.7 to 53.9+/-19.8 mL/min (P<0.0001). In Group B, GFR increased marginally from 67.2+/-15.8 to 83.5+/-27.8 mL/min (P=0.10). In the CNI group, GFR declined from 40.5+/-14.0 mL/min to 36.4+/-12.5 mL/min (P=0.23) after 24 months of follow up. There was no significant difference in cardiac rejection or cardiac allograft function. In SRL group, @entity644 increased from 299+/-622 mg/day to 517+/-795 mg/day (P=0.0002) 12 months after SRL initiation and then stabilized; it did not differ from CNI group at 24 months (637+/-806 vs. 514+/-744 mg/day, P=0.39). @entity414 decreased from 7.6+/-2.4 to 6.2+/-1.9 mg/dL (P=0.0007) in the SRL group. CONCLUSIONS: Graduated substitution of CNI with SRL in cardiac transplant recipients is safe and improves renal function, without cardiac compromise.

title: Replacement of calcineurin-inhibitors with XXXX as primary immunosuppression in stable cardiac transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']