abstract: In June 2005, a team of experts participated in a workshop with the objective of reaching agreement on several important aspects of @entity1092 in the treatment of elderly @entity1 with @entity302 . @entity302 in the elderly is relatively common and its incidence increases for each decade after age 60. The aetiology and manifestations of @entity302 in the elderly are complex because of comorbidity and other underlying risk factors. A consensus was reached that elderly @entity1 who present with a @entity302 should be referred rapidly to a specialist and that diagnosis should be improved by using a multidisciplinary team of cardiologists, neurologists and @entity302 experts ( @entity1163 , falls and @entity410 specialists). This is especially important to avoid mistreatment with @entity734 ( @entity734 ). There was consensus that the elderly are generally more susceptible to the adverse effects of @entity734 than younger adults. For these reasons, in older @entity1 @entity734 should be started at low dosages, and titrated slowly according to clinical response. Some of the most troublesome side effects of @entity734 in the elderly include sedation and cognitive side effects, as well as @entity170 . Drug-drug interactions should be given special consideration. There was consensus that the pharmacokinetics of all @entity734 are altered in the elderly, and that the most significant change common to all @entity734 is a moderate reduction in renal and metabolic clearance. Predicting pharmacokinetic changes in the individual, however, can be very difficult because multiple factors contribute to a high inter- @entity1 variability. There was agreement on the advantages and disadvantages of the use of @entity1092 in the elderly, and consensus that @entity1092 is a useful option in this population. There was no consensus, however, on whether @entity1092 should be considered among the preferred first-line treatments in the elderly.

title: Role of @entity1092 across the ages. Treatment of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'seizure disorder', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To assess the harms of colonoscopy in a real world @entity14 screening programme with faecal occult blood test. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all colonoscopies performed in @entity1 aged 50-74 for a positive guaiac-based faecal occult blood test between September 2003 and February 2010 within the screening programme in progress in Alsace (France). Adverse events were recorded through prospective voluntary reporting by gastroenterologists and retrospective postal surveys addressed to @entity1 screened and their general practitioners. RESULTS: Of 10,277 colonoscopies, 250 adverse events were recorded, 48 (4.7    , 95% CI 3.4-6.0) of them being moderate or severe, mainly 10 (1.0    , 95% CI 0.4-1.6) perforations and 31 (3.0    , 95% CI 2.0-4.1) @entity548 . 91.7% of moderate and severe adverse events were the result of a therapeutic procedure. Of 103 serious adverse events, eight (7.8%) were considered preventable. Gastroenterologists reported 52.2% of moderate and severe adverse events. A mild adverse event or an incident was reported in up to 97.0     (95% CI 83.2-110.7) colonoscopies. CONCLUSION: The harms of colonoscopy were underestimated in all randomized controlled trials on @entity14 screening with faecal occult blood test. They are greater in a real world programme, estimated at 7.5 major and 100 minor adverse events per 1000 colonoscopies.

title: Harms of colonoscopy in a XXXX screening programme with faecal occult blood test: a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity303 and @entity933 appear to be common among older @entity1 admitted to acute hospitals, although there are few Australian data regarding these important conditions. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of @entity303 and @entity933 among older @entity1 admitted to acute hospitals in Queensland and to profile these @entity1 . METHOD: Prospective observational cohort study (n = 493) of @entity1 aged 70 years and older admitted to general medical, general surgical and orthopaedic wards of four acute hospitals in Queensland between 2008 and 2010. Trained research nurses completed comprehensive geriatric assessments and obtained detailed information about each @entity1 's physical, cognitive and psychosocial functioning using the interRAI Acute Care and other standardised instruments. Nurses also visited @entity1 daily to identify incident @entity933 . Two physicians independently reviewed @entity1 ' medical records and assessments to establish the diagnosis of @entity303 and/or @entity933 . RESULTS: Overall, 29.4% of @entity1 (n = 145) were considered to have @entity73 , including 102 (20.7% of the total) who were considered to have @entity303 . This rate increased to 47.4% in the oldest @entity1 (aged >=  90 years). The overall prevalence of @entity933 at admission was 9.7% (23.5% in @entity1 with @entity303 ), and the rate of incident @entity933 was 7.6% (14.7% in @entity1 with @entity303 ). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity303 and @entity933 among older @entity1 admitted to acute hospitals is high and is likely to increase with population aging. It is suggested that hospital design, staffing and processes should be attuned better to meet these @entity1 ' needs.

title: Prospective observational study of XXXX and @entity933 in the acute hospital setting.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The availability of lectin-resistant cell lines with altered @entity1735 moieties in cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids has greatly facilitated study of the involvement of cellular glycoconjugates in @entity5 growth and @entity3 . We present here a new animal model for @entity3 study based on @entity19 @entity2 @entity30575 in vitro cell line. From this line, five lectin-resistant variant sublines were selected with the following lectins: @entity3505 germ agglutinin (WGAR), @entity9377 agglutinin II (RCA IIR) and Aleuria aurantia agglutinin (AAAR). The correlation of the lectin resistance with their in vitro and in vivo growth properties, and especially lung colonizing ability, were investigated. Three WGAR variants with well-preserved tumorigenicity revealed reduced metastatic ability, both spontaneous, after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration and experimental, after intravenous (i.v.) administration. The RCA IIR variant also possessed reduced spontaneous and experimental metastatic ability, but exhibited higher growth rate of local s.c. @entity5 . The AAAR variant possessed reduced spontaneous metastatic ability but its ability to colonize the lungs after i.v. administration was five-fold higher than that of the parent @entity30575 line, whereas its tumorigenicity remained unchanged. The relative differences among WGAR variants and parent @entity30575 line, concerning their experimental metastatic ability, remained similar in @entity786 -modified @entity19 to those in normal recipients.

title: Lectin-resistant variants of XXXX @entity2 cells. I. Selection and in vivo properties.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9377 :: ('3988', 'Species') :: ['Ricinus communis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The expression of specific developmentally important genes in preimplantation embryos is an accepted marker for unraveling the influence of single factors in studies that are mostly related to artificial reproduction techniques. Such studies, however, often reveal high levels of heterogeneity between single embryos, independently of the influence of factors of interest. A possible explanation for this variation could be the large variety of physiological and environmental factors to which early embryos are exposed and their ability to react to them. Here, we investigated several potentially important parameters of development at the same time, in blastocysts of the wild @entity840 (Cavia aperea) generated in  vivo after natural mating. The optimal time for flushing fully developed blastocysts was between 123 and 126  hours after mating. The abundance of @entity34661 (P  =  0.042), @entity34662 (P  <  0.001), @entity34663 (P  =  0.017), and @entity34664 (P  <  0.001) mRNA changed significantly over time after mating. The number of sibling embryos present influenced @entity34665 levels significantly (P  =  0.02). Levels of @entity34662 and @entity34661 were significantly affected by season (P  =  0.03 and 0.04). The temporal pattern of @entity34663 levels was significantly altered both after feeding a protein-deficient diet (P  =  0.04) and temperature treatment (P  =  0.04) of the sire. In addition, the identity of the father had a significant influence on @entity34661 (P  =  0.049) and @entity34665 (P  <  0.001) mRNA abundances. These data report that the expression of specific genes in early embryos reflects the entire heterogeneity of their surroundings and that it is a plastic reaction toward a multifactorial environment.

title: Blastocyst recovery and multifactorial gene expression analysis in the wild XXXX (Cavia aperea).

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted this study to determine the feasibility of an abbreviated therapeutic approach to the @entity3153 or @entity4710 , in which the diagnosis is established and radiofrequency ablation carried out during a single electrophysiologic test. METHODS: One hundred six consecutive @entity1 were referred for the management of documented, symptomatic paroxysmal @entity4710 (66 @entity1 ) or the @entity3153 (40 @entity1 ). All agreed to undergo a diagnostic electrophysiologic test and catheter ablation with radiofrequency current. No @entity1 had had such a test previously. RESULTS: Among the 66 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity4710 , the mechanism was found to be atrioventricular nodal reentry in 46 (70 percent) (typical in 44 and atypical in 2), atrioventricular reciprocating @entity591 involving a concealed accessory pathway in 16 (24 percent), @entity591 in 2 (3 percent), and noninducible @entity4710 in 2 (3 percent). A successful long-term outcome was achieved in 57 of 62 @entity1 (92 percent) with @entity4710 in whom ablation was attempted and in 37 of 40 @entity1 (93 percent) with the @entity3153 . The only complications were one instance of occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery, leading to acute @entity583 , and one instance of complete @entity713 . The mean (+/- SD) duration of the electrophysiologic procedures was 114 +/- 55 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis and cure of @entity4710 or the @entity3153 during a single electrophysiologic test are feasible and practical and have a favorable risk-benefit ratio. This abbreviated therapeutic approach may eliminate the need for serial electropharmacologic testing, long-term drug therapy, antitachycardia pacemakers, and surgical ablation.

title: Diagnosis and cure of the XXXX or paroxysmal @entity4710 during a single electrophysiologic test.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia', 'supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Btau_4.0 and UMD3.1 are two distinct @entity291 reference genome assemblies. In our previous study using the low density BovineSNP50 array, we reported a copy number variation ( @entity471 ) analysis on Btau_4.0 with 521 animals of 21 @entity291 breeds, yielding 682 @entity471 regions with a total length of 139.8 megabases. RESULTS: In this study using the high density BovineHD SNP array, we performed high resolution @entity471 analyses on both Btau_4.0 and UMD3.1 with 674 animals of 27 @entity291 breeds. We first compared @entity471 results derived from these two different SNP array platforms on Btau_4.0. With two thirds of the animals shared between studies, on Btau_4.0 we identified 3,346 candidate @entity471 regions representing 142.7 megabases (~4.70%) of the genome. With a similar total length but 5 times more event counts, the average CNVR length of current Btau_4.0 dataset is significantly shorter than the previous one (42.7 kb vs. 205 kb). Although subsets of these two results overlapped, 64% (91.6 megabases) of current dataset was not present in the previous study. We also performed similar analyses on UMD3.1 using these BovineHD SNP array results. Approximately 50% more and 20% longer CNVs were called on UMD3.1 as compared to those on Btau_4.0. However, a comparable result of CNVRs (3,438 regions with a total length 146.9 megabases) was obtained. We suspect that these results are due to the UMD3.1 assembly's efforts of placing unplaced contigs and removing unmerged alleles. Selected CNVs were further experimentally validated, achieving a 73% PCR validation rate, which is considerably higher than the previous validation rate. About 20-45% of @entity471 regions overlapped with @entity291 RefSeq genes and Ensembl genes. Panther and IPA analyses indicated that these genes provide a wide spectrum of biological processes involving immune system, lipid metabolism, cell, organism and system development. CONCLUSION: We present a comprehensive result of @entity291 CNVs at a higher resolution and sensitivity. We identified over 3,000 candidate @entity471 regions on both Btau_4.0 and UMD3.1, further compared current datasets with previous results, and examined the impacts of genome assemblies on @entity471 calling.

title: Fine mapping of copy number variations on two XXXX genome assemblies using high density SNP array.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has many well-known complications. However, there is one rare complication, @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ), which is usually under diagnosed. Hereby, we present a 53-year-old Chinese @entity1 with a history of @entity6 , @entity101 and @entity955 . He had acute onset of severe left lower leg @entity158 and swelling with difficulty in walking 4 days before admission. Physical examination revealed non-pitting and @entity4 with cold sensation of the left medial @entity291 muscles. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed homogenous high signal changes in the @entity291 muscles on T2 images, which indicated @entity1188 . After anticoagulation treatment, the @entity1 had a fair recovery within 4 weeks and he could walk by himself thereafter. @entity1188 is a rare complication of poorly controlled @entity6 . It does have a characteristic clinical presentation and MRI findings. Increased clinical awareness is important for early recognition and correct treatment.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 with acute embolic stroke.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'Diabetic mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['non-erythematous swelling']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['DMI', 'diabetic muscle infarction']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Diabetic muscle infarction']


abstract: The receptors mediating prostanoid-induced contraction of @entity840 isolated @entity825 have been characterised in terms of a recently proposed general classification of prostanoid receptors. Results obtained on the @entity825 were compared with those obtained on @entity840 fundus, which contains a sub-type of @entity1421 -sensitive (EP-) receptor termed the EP1-receptor, and @entity840 lung strip, which contains a @entity2871 -sensitive or TP-receptor. The following agonists were studied, @entity1421 , PGF2 alpha and the @entity2871 -like agonists @entity2872 and @entity30097 . The antagonists studied were @entity10574 which selectively blocks EP1-receptors, and @entity30098 which selectively blocks TP-receptors. On @entity840 fundus the rank order of agonist potency was @entity1421 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than @entity30097 approximately equal to @entity2872 , and responses to all agonists were antagonised by @entity10574 but not by @entity30098 . On @entity840 lung strip the rank order of potency was @entity2872 greater than @entity30097 much greater than PGF2 alpha greater than @entity1421 and responses to all agonists tested were blocked by @entity30098 but not by @entity10574 . On the @entity825 , the rank order was @entity1421 = @entity2872 greater than @entity30097 = PGF2 alpha. @entity10574 antagonised responses to @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha, but not those to @entity2872 or @entity30097 . Conversely, @entity30098 antagonised responses to @entity2872 and @entity30097 but not those to @entity1421 or PGF2 alpha. It is concluded that prostanoid-induced contractions of @entity840 @entity825 can be mediated by both EP1- and TP-receptors.

title: Characterisation of the prostanoid receptors mediating contraction of @entity840 isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: We devised a @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ) Rating Scale comprising 28 items in six categories: daily activities (by history), behaviour, bulbar, ocular motor, limb motor and gait/midline. Scores range from 0 to 100, each item graded 0-2 (six items) or 0-4 (22 items). Inter-rater reliability is good, with intra-class correlation coefficient for the overall scale of 0.86 (95% CI 0.65-0.98). A single examiner applied the PSPRS at every visit for 162 @entity1 . Mean rate of progression was 11.3 (+/-11.0) points per year. Neither onset age nor gender correlated well with rate of progression. Median actuarially corrected survival was 7.3 years. The PSPRS score was a good independent predictor of subsequent survival (P < 0.0001). For example, for @entity1 with scores from 40 to 49, 3-year survival was 41.9% (95% CI 31.0-56.6) but 4-year survival was only 17.9% (95% CI 10.2-31.5). For those @entity1 , likelihood or retaining some gait function was 51.7% (40.0-66.9) at 1 year but only 6.5% (1.8-23.5) at 3 years. We conclude that the PSPRS is a practical measure that is sensitive to disease progression and could be useful as a dependent variable in observational or interventional trials and as an indicator of prognosis in clinical practice.

title: A clinical rating scale for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive Supranuclear Palsy', 'PSP']

answer: @entity7463 :: (MESH:D013494,Disease) :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity935 agonists have a well established place in the treatment of @entity74 but their use is associated with a high incidence of adverse effects. We have investigated the biochemical efficacy and side-effect profile of a range of doses of the novel, long-acting @entity935 agonist, @entity9229 , in suppressing @entity4090 ( @entity4090 ) in hyperprolactinaemic @entity1 . DESIGN: Multicentre, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled and double blind. @entity1 : One hundred and eighty-eight @entity1 with @entity4089 secondary to @entity2013 (n = 113), @entity191 (n = 67), @entity4776 (n = 7) or following failed surgery for a @entity2013 (n = 1). MEASUREMENTS: Weekly assessment of adverse symptoms, blood pressure and pulse, serum @entity4090 , blood count, liver and renal function. RESULTS: @entity1 received either placebo (n = 20) or @entity9229 0.125 (n = 43), 0.5 (n = 42), 0.75 (n = 42) or 1.0 mg (n = 41) twice weekly for 4 weeks. The five treatment groups were comparable in age (mean 31.8, range 16-46 years), diagnosis, previous therapy, and pretreatment serum @entity4090 . @entity4090 was suppressed to below half the pretreatment level in 5, 60, 90, 95 and 98% and normalized in 0, 30, 74, 74 and 95% of @entity1 taking placebo or @entity9229 0.125, 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 mg twice weekly respectively (Armitage's test, chi 2 = 39.3, P < 0.01). @entity9229 therapy (all doses) restored menses in 82% of the amenorrhoeic @entity1 not previously treated with @entity935 agonists. Adverse events were recorded in 45% of @entity1 in the placebo group and in 44, 50, 50 and 58% of those taking 0.125, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg @entity9229 twice weekly (Armitage's test, P > 0.05). Over 95% of reported symptoms were relatively trivial, most frequently transient @entity390 , @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity1295 and @entity1142 . More severe adverse events, interfering significantly with the @entity1 ' lifestyle, occurred in 13 (7.7%) @entity1 taking @entity9229 ; treatment withdrawal was necessary in only one case. No adverse effects were detected on blood pressure or haematological or biochemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown a linear dose-response relationship for @entity9229 in the treatment of @entity4089 in the range 0.125-1.0 mg twice weekly, with normalization of @entity4090 in up to 95% of cases and acceptable tolerability throughout the dose range.

title: Dose-dependent suppression of serum XXXX by @entity9229 in @entity4089 : a placebo controlled, double blind, multicentre study. European Multicentre @entity9229 Dose-finding Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['macroprolactinoma', 'microprolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline', 'Cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella syndrome']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit @entity1423 , chemotaxis, degranulation, and @entity224 anion production stimulated by synthetic @entity435 peptides. Many of these functions are dependent upon receptors for the complement components @entity4417 and iC3b ( @entity3432 and @entity9536 , respectively), or the adherence molecules @entity9536 and @entity2935 . Using flow cytometry and specific monoclonal antibodies, we studied the effects of the NSAID @entity5230 and @entity3352 on the upregulation of these cell surface proteins on PMNs stimulated with @entity5038 , @entity2242 , or @entity1360 . Incubation of PMNs at 37 degrees C increased the expression of all three of these surface proteins. A further increase was induced by stimulation with @entity5038 , @entity2242 , or @entity1360 . Both @entity5230 and @entity3352 inhibited @entity5038 -induced upregulation of @entity9536 , @entity2935 , and @entity3432 , but neither drug affected the upregulation of these surface molecules induced by @entity2242 or @entity1360 . Furthermore, @entity5230 had no effect on 37 degrees C-induced upregulation of any of the surface proteins, while @entity3352 showed no effect on 37 degrees C-induced @entity9536 upregulation but suppressed @entity2935 and @entity3432 upregulation. Inhibition of surface protein upregulation by @entity5038 was not due to inhibition of @entity5038 binding to PMNs. We conclude that @entity5230 and @entity3352 inhibit @entity5038 -mediated upregulation of @entity9536 , @entity2935 , and @entity3432 in PMNs, but have no effect on the upregulation of these molecules by @entity1360 or @entity2242 . These data suggest that @entity5230 and @entity3352 interfere with postreceptor signaling events specific to PMN stimulation by @entity5038 .

title: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents inhibit upregulation of @entity9536 , @entity2935 , and XXXX in neutrophils stimulated by formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine.

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['PMN aggregation']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity435 :: ('CHEBI:42485', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl']

answer: @entity3432 :: (1378,Gene) :: ['CD35']


abstract: @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) and comparative RT-PCR have been used extensively to detect differentially expressed genes. We investigated @entity519 -induced gene expression in the brain by @entity4998 -PCR and comparative RT-PCR. @entity19 were anaesthetized after which @entity519 was induced by neck ligation for 1 min or 25 min, then were killed by decapitation, and the brains were dissected either immediately or 30 min after death (Group A1-0, Group A25-0, Group A1-30 and Group A25-30). Control @entity19 without ligation of the neck were killed by decapitation under anaesthesia immediately (Group C-0) or 30 min after death (Group C-30). @entity4998 -PCR, sequence analysis and comparative RT-PCR revealed that mitochondrial @entity1014 kinase 2, Rab6, @entity34069 and two novel cDNAs were enhanced in Group A25-0 and Group A25-30 compared with the other groups. In Group A25-30, only RAP2 interacting protein and another novel cDNA were induced. In Group A25-0, one novel gene was detected. These findings were consistent with the results of statistical analysis by ANOVA. No differences of band pattern were observed among Groups A1-0, A1-30, C-0 and C-30. The genes exhibiting altered expression were associated with vital cellular functions, e.g., intracellular signaling and mitochondrial metabolism. In addition, we identified four novel genes, expressed after extended @entity519 conditions in @entity19 brain with suffocation. These results may contribute to clarify the pathophysiology of @entity1763 in the brain and aid in the diagnosis of suffocation.

title: Identification of novel genes expressed in XXXX brain condition by fluorescence differential display.

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['Fluorescence differential display', 'FDD']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe @entity1902 in @entity1 . By 5 years of age virtually every @entity1 worldwide will have experienced at least one @entity6425 . This leads to an enormous disease burden, where every minute a @entity1 dies because of @entity6425 and another four are hospitalized, at an annual societal cost in 2007 of  @entity24129 billion. Most of the annual 527 000 @entity204 are in malnourished @entity1 living in rural regions of low and middle income countries. In contrast, most measurable costs arise from medical expenses and lost parental wages in high income countries. @entity18186 are the only public health prevention strategy likely to control @entity6425 . They were developed to mimic the immunity following natural @entity6425 that confers protection against severe @entity1902 and consequently reduces the risk of primary healthcare utilization, hospitalization and @entity204 . The two currently licensed vaccines--one a single @entity1 rotavirus vaccine, the other a multiple strain @entity1 - @entity291 pentavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine--are administered to @entity1 in a two- or three-dose course, respectively, with the first dose given at 6-14 weeks of age. In various settings they are safe, immunogenic and efficacious against many different rotavirus genotypes. In high and middle income countries, rotavirus vaccines confer 85-100% protection against severe disease, while in low income regions of Africa and Asia, protection is less, at 46-77%. Despite this reduced efficacy in low income countries, the high burden of @entity5163 in these regions means that proportionately more severe cases are prevented by vaccination than elsewhere. Post-licensure effectiveness studies show that rotavirus vaccines not only reduce rotavirus activity in infancy but they also decrease rates of rotavirus @entity294 in older and unimmunized @entity1 . A successful rotavirus vaccination program will rely upon sustained vaccine efficacy against diverse and evolving rotavirus strains and efficient vaccine delivery systems. The potential introduction of rotavirus vaccines into the world's poorest countries with the greatest rates of rotavirus-related mortality is expected to be very cost effective, while rotavirus vaccines should also be cost effective by international standards when incorporated into developed countries immunization schedules. Nonetheless, cost effectiveness in each country still depends largely on the local rotavirus mortality rate and the price of the vaccine in relation to the per capita gross domestic product.

title: XXXX and vaccines: burden of illness and potential impact of vaccination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human strain', 'children', 'human', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection', 'rotavirus disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity6425 :: (MESH:D012400,Disease) :: ['Rotavirus infections']


abstract: Ionotropic @entity2227 receptors (iGluRs) mediate the majority of fast excitatory synaptic neurotransmission in the central nervous system. The selective assembly of iGluRs into @entity140 , @entity4176 , and @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor subtypes is regulated by their extracellular @entity1472 -terminal domains (ATDs). Kainate receptors are further classified into low-affinity receptor families ( @entity22621 - @entity22622 ) and high-affinity receptor families ( @entity13547 - @entity19942 ) based on their affinity for the neurotoxin @entity4176 . These two families share a 42% sequence identity for the intact receptor but only a 27% sequence identity at the level of ATD. We have determined for the first time the high-resolution crystal structures of @entity22622 and @entity19942 ATDs, both of which crystallize as dimers but with a strikingly different dimer assembly at the R1 interface. By contrast, for both @entity22622 and @entity19942 , the R2 domain dimer assembly is similar to those reported previously for other non- @entity143 iGluRs. This observation is consistent with the reports that @entity13547 - @entity19942 cannot form functional homomeric ion channels and require obligate coassembly with @entity22621 - @entity22622 . Our analysis also reveals that the relative orientation of domains R1 and R2 in individual non- @entity143 receptor ATDs varies by up to 10  , in contrast to the 50   difference reported for the @entity143 receptor @entity13069 subunit. This restricted domain movement in non- @entity143 receptor ATDs seems to result both from extensive intramolecular contacts between domain R1 and domain R2 and from their assembly as dimers, which interact at both R1 and R2 domains. Our results provide the first insights into the structure and function of @entity13547 - @entity19942 , the least understood family of iGluRs.

title: Crystal structures of the @entity2227 receptor ion channel @entity22622 and XXXX @entity1472 -terminal domains.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid', 'kainate']

answer: @entity19942 :: (2901,Gene) :: ['GluK5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fiducial markers are the superior method to compensate for interfractional motion in liver SBRT. However this method is invasive and thereby limits its application range. In this retrospective study, the compensation method for the interfractional motion using fiducial markers (gold standard) was compared to a new non-invasive approach, which does rely on the organ motion of the liver and the relative @entity5 position within this volume. METHODS: We analyzed six @entity1 (3 m, 3f) treated with SBRT in 2014. After fiducial marker implantation, all @entity1 received a treatment CT (free breathing, without abdominal compression) and a 4D-CT (consisting of 10 respiratory phases). For all @entity1 the gross @entity5 volumes (GTVs), internal target volume (ITV), planning target volume ( @entity343 ), internal marker target volumes (IMTVs) and the internal liver target volume ( @entity34311 ) were delineated based on the CT and 4D-CT images. CBCT imaging was used for the standard treatment setup based on the fiducial markers. According to the @entity1 coordinates the 3 translational compensation values (t x , t y , t z ) for the interfractional motion were calculated by matching the blurred fiducial markers with the corresponding IMTV structures. 4 observers were requested to recalculate the translational compensation values for each CBCT (31) based on the @entity34311 structures. The differences of the translational compensation values between the IMTV and @entity34311 approach were analyzed. RESULTS: The magnitude of the mean absolute 3D registration error with regard to the gold standard overall @entity1 and observers was 0.50 cm    0.28 cm. Individual registration errors up to 1.3 cm were observed. There was no significant overall linear correlation between the respiratory motion and the registration error of the @entity34311 approach. CONCLUSIONS: Two different methods to calculate the translational compensation values for interfractional motion in stereotactic liver therapy were evaluated. The registration accuracy of the @entity34311 approach is mainly limited by the non-rigid behavior of the liver and the individual registration experience of the observer. The @entity34311 approach lacks the accuracy that would be desired for stereotactic radiotherapy of the liver.

title: Feasibility study on image guided @entity1 positioning for stereotactic body radiation therapy of liver XXXX guided by liver motion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: The object of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity1260 / @entity2879 and mesna therapy in advanced @entity0 . A total of 44 @entity1 with @entity0 were included in the trial. Eligibility criteria included measurable, refractory disease; prior @entity4349 therapy (or its contraindication); a life expectancy of at least 3 months; and adequate hepatic, renal, CNS and @entity236 . All @entity1 were less than or equal to 70 years of age and had a Karnofsky performance status of greater than or equal to 50%. There were 36 evaluable cases. Sites of metastatic disease included bone (19), skin (18), liver (9), lung (14), lymph node (19), and miscellaneous (7). Treatment consisted of 1,500 mg/m2 @entity1260 given i.v. on days 1-5, 120 mg/m2 @entity2879 given i.v. on days 1-3, and 400 mg i.v. mesna given with and at 4 and 8 h after @entity1260 . Cycles were repeated every 28 days. Initial doses were reduced by 25% or 50% in @entity1 who had previously undergone both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A median of 4 cycles (range, 2-8) were given. The myelotoxicity was marked: WHO grades 3/4 @entity1431 (n = 37), grades 3/4 @entity882 (n = 12), and grades 2/3 @entity417 (n = 13). Due to myelotoxicity, dose reduction or prolongation of treatment-free intervals was necessary in 28 cases. @entity1665 was seen in 35 @entity1 and CNS @entity137 , in 8. Partial remission (PR) was obtained in five cases and complete remission (CR), in three. Sites of response included the lung (5), skin (4), lymph node (5), and peritoneum (1). The duration of response was 4 (n = 2) and 8 (n = 1) months for CR and 2 (n = 2), 6 (n = 2), and 10 (n = 1) months for PR. We conclude that the @entity1260 / @entity2879 and mesna regimen is effective, but its myelotoxicity is treatment-limiting.

title: @entity1260 / @entity2879 and mesna uroprotection in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow function']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of oral @entity5537 /tegafur (UFT) plus @entity4181 (LV) is widely accepted as adjuvant chemotherapy for stages II and III of @entity14 . However, the clinical compliance of Japanese @entity1 with this regimen has not been clearly elucidated to date. METHODS: A total of 40 Japanese outpatients were treated with oral UFT plus LV as adjuvant chemotherapy following @entity14 surgery between January 2005 and June 2007. UFT capsules (300-500 mg/body per day) and LV tablets (75 mg/body per day, administered with each dose of UFT) were to be taken for 28 days, followed by 7 days of rest, with this cycle repeated every 35 days for 6 months or until recurrence. The @entity1 were classified into the following three groups based on compliance: the completed group (n = 21), the modified group (n = 12), and the discontinued group (n = 7). RESULTS: The UFT doses (mean +/- SD) were 267 +/- 35 mg/m(2) in the completed group, 276 +/- 50 mg/m(2) in the modified group, and 288 +/- 22 mg/m(2) in the discontinued group. The UFT dose in the discontinued group tended to be higher than that in the completed group (P = 0.12). The most frequent symptoms of nonhematologic @entity137 were @entity1277 (45%) and @entity1295 (45%). There were no hematologic or nonhematologic toxicities of grade 3 or 4. CONCLUSION: The regimen of oral UFT plus LV produced only low-grade @entity137 and was convenient for outpatients. It appears that the initial UFT dose might be associated with the development of @entity137 in the oral UFT plus LV regimen.

title: Clinical compliance with an oral XXXX /tegafur (UFT) plus @entity4181 (LV) regimen as adjuvant chemotherapy in Japanese @entity14 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5537 :: (MESH:D014498,Chemical) :: ['uracil']


abstract: @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) is widely used for @entity5 ( @entity5 ), but there are no validated biomarkers to predict response. The Ki-67 proliferation index has been proposed as a means of selecting @entity1 for @entity7730 , but robust data are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between response to chemotherapy and Ki-67 in NET. We reviewed data from 222 NET @entity1 treated with @entity7730 . Tumours were graded according to Ki-67 index: G1  <=2%, G2 3-20% and G3 >20%. Response was assessed according to RECIST and survival calculated from start of chemotherapy to death. To explore Ki-67 as a marker of response, we calculated the likelihood ratio and performed receiver operating characteristic analysis. Overall, 193 @entity1 had a documented Ki-67 index, of which 173 were also evaluable for radiological response: 10% were G1, 46% G2 and 43% G3; 46% were @entity788 ( @entity788 ). Median overall survival was 22.1 months. Overall response rate was 30% (39% in @entity788 vs 22% in non- @entity788 ) and 43% of @entity1 had stable disease. Response rate increased with grade: 6% in G1 @entity5 , 24% in G2 and 43% in G3. However, maximum likelihood ratio was 2.3 at Ki-67=35%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.60. As reported previously, a high Ki-67 was an adverse prognostic factor for overall survival. In conclusion, response to @entity7730 increases with Ki-67 index, but Ki-67 alone is an unreliable means to select @entity1 for @entity7730 . Improved methods to stratify @entity1 for systemic therapy are required.

title: Ki-67 index and response to chemotherapy in XXXX with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'NETs', 'neuroendocrine tumours']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic NET', 'PNET']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'Chemotherapy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Climacteric @entity1 are susceptible to a number of changes, among them @entity170 . @entity170 is a disease characterized by low bone mass and susceptibility to @entity174 . Currently, this disease is a public health issue, being necessary to recognize its risk factors. OBJECTIVES: Identify risk factors related to @entity170 in @entity1 attending PROPIS/PROEX/UFMA, tracing a socio-demographic characterization and considering community lifestyles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a transversal retrospective clinical with a quantitative approach study conducted between March and June 2013 in S  o Lu  s-MA with 107 @entity1 treated at the Programa de Pr  ticas de Integralidade em Sa  de (PROPIS - Integrality Health Practice Program). The study was approved by the University Hospital Ethics Committee of UFMA under opinion no. 362/07. Data were tabulated and analyzed in the epidemiological Epi-Info(  ) software, version 3.4.1. RESULTS: The brown color was predominant, consensual relationships proved to be a protective factor and low education was a risk factor. The average age of the group with menopause was 54.1 years and without menopause was 31.3 years (p<0.0001). The average age of menopause was 43.7 years. The irregular menstrual cycle was a protective factor. The average number of pregnancies was 4.56 for the group with menopause and 2.45 for the group without menopause, with most births occurring normally (p<0.0001). Smoking, physical inactivity and @entity5834 intake were risk factors, while the absence of @entity988 and of soda intake were protective factors for the disease. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 followed the socioeconomic and demographic profile of Maranh  o. Most had menarche and menopause in appropriate periods, showed no positive family history of @entity170 , did not usually drink @entity285 , were sedentary and the @entity5834 intake was high.

title: XXXX in primary care: an opportunity to approach risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: @entity209 ( @entity209 ) can be linked to the progression of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Hyperfiltration in transplanted @entity1 is a further risk factor for @entity209 and for the progression of @entity8 . Many studies show in kidney-transplanted subjects a prevalence of @entity209 at 60% after 6 years posttransplantation. We studied 182 @entity1 (126 @entity1 and 56 @entity1 ) with functioning renal transplant in Messina and Rovigo Renal Units. In our @entity1 we saw at 6 years postkidney transplant in @entity1 a prevalence of @entity209 at 20% (NCEPATPIII criteria) or 30% (Rovigo-Messina more strict criteria), and @entity1 at 6 years posttransplantation a prevalence of @entity209 at 25% (NCEPATPIII criteria) or 50% (Rovigo-Messina criteria). In our @entity1 , the period of graft function was over 15 years. This result is due to continued follow-up of metabolic parameters and to moderate protein (0.8-0.9 g/kg/day), low lipid, and low caloric intake. These strategies permit the avoidance of hyperfiltration, the reduction of @entity407 and @entity28 . Special attention is due to @entity1 50-65 years old. In these @entity1 the prevalence of @entity209 6 years posttransplant is very high (60%). @entity170 is an additional risk factor for @entity209 , @entity731 , and the progression of @entity8 .

title: XXXX after kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CRTD', 'chronic renal transplant dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Postmenopausal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Haemangioblastomas are @entity5 that may appear sporadically or in @entity280 . Despite their higher incidence, @entity5 have been less studied than syndromic ones. In this article, we evaluate the specific features, outcome and quality of life of @entity1 with @entity932 ( @entity932 ) operated on in our institution. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2010, 38 @entity1 harbouring 38 @entity932 were operated on in our department. Their clinical, biological, radiological and surgical features were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 were contacted for a quality-of-life (QOL) survey assessed by the Short Form 36 questionnaire (SF36). The mean duration of follow-up was 40 months (13-108 months). RESULTS: ISH represented 0.9 % of primary @entity1313 treated in our centre during this period. @entity1 comprised 23 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 with a mean age of 47 years. None had @entity11998 . Cerebellar locations accounted for 79 % of @entity932 , and brainstem ISH with involvement of the floor of the fourth ventricle represented 11 % of @entity932 . At last follow-up, two @entity1 harbouring solid medulla oblongata haemangioblastoma had died following severe @entity5487 and five @entity1 had died of unrelated causes. One @entity1 had multiple surgeries for three recurrences. Tumoral control was achieved in all cases at last follow-up. Results of the SF-36 questionnaire were as follows: median physical functioning score 100 (range 0-100), median physical problems score 100 (range 0-100), median bodily pain score 100 (range 45-100), median social functioning score 100 (range 25-100), median general mental health score 84 (range 40-92), median emotional problems score 100 (range 0-100), median vitality score 70 (range 35-80) and median general health perceptions score 70 (range 35-100). Mean QOL scores were similar to the general healthy population. CONCLUSION: Surgery of ISH provides good QOL and tumoral control except for those located in the medulla oblongata. We recommend considering a careful multimodal therapeutic approach, including radiosurgery for these specific locations.

title: XXXX : surgical outcome in a single institution series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['ISHs', 'intracranial sporadic haemangioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic haemangioblastomas', 'benign vascular tumours']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['bulbar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['Sporadic intracranial haemangioblastomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 is a distressing disease with a miserable prospects and early recognition remains a challenge due to ubiquitous symptomatic presentation, deep anatomical location, and aggressive etiology. False positives and problems in distinguishing @entity788 from @entity420 limit the use of CA 19-9 as both disorders can present with similar symptoms and share radiographic physiognomies. This study aimed to assess the relative increase in accuracy of diagnosing the @entity1 with @entity1689 , @entity788 with CA 19-9, @entity2104 , and serum amyloid A in comparison to CA 19-9 alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This hospital based case control study was carried out in the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2011. The variables assessed were age, gender, serum CA19-9, serum haptoglobulin, serum Amyloid A. The data were analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. RESULTS: Out of 197 cases of @entity660 , maximum number of assumed cases were of @entity420 (95). Number of males (59) were more than females (36) in assumed cases of @entity420 . The mean values of CA19-9 raised considerably in cases of @entity1689 , @entity5 and @entity420 when compared to controls. The highest augmention in CA19-9 values were in cases of @entity420 . The p-value indicates that in cases of @entity1689 , there was not significant increase in precision of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: These statistics established that @entity2104 and SAA are useful in discriminating @entity5 from benign conditions as well as healthy controls.

title: Improved diagnostic accuracy of XXXX with a combination of various novel serum biomarkers--case control study from Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'Pancreatic cancer', 'benign neoplasm of pancreas and adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'benign neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of pancreas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic diseases']


abstract: The effects of post-crowding swimming velocity (0, 0.35, and 0.70 m/s) and recovery time (1.5, 6, and 12 h) on physiological recovery and processing quality parameters of adult @entity12178 ( @entity12178 ) were determined. @entity12178 crowded to a density similar to that of a commercial slaughter process (>200 kg/m(3), 40 min) were transferred to a swimming chamber for recovery treatment. Osmolality and concentrations of @entity701 , @entity413 and @entity880 in blood plasma were used as physiological stress indicators, whereas image analyses of extent and duration of @entity2472 , and fillet gaping were used as measures of processing quality. Crowded salmon had a 5.8-fold higher plasma @entity701 concentration than control salmon (P<0.05). The elevated plasma @entity701 concentration was reduced by increasing the swimming velocity, and had returned to control levels after 6 h recovery at high water velocity. Similar effects of swimming velocity were observed for plasma osmolality and @entity880 concentration. A lower plasma @entity413 concentration was present in crowded than in control fish (P<0.05), although a typical post-stress elevation in plasma @entity413 was observed after the recovery treatments. @entity121 was found in crowded compared with control salmon (P<0.05), but muscle pH returned to control levels after 6 h recovery at intermediate and high swimming velocities and after 12 h in the low velocity group. Crowding caused an early onset of @entity5084 . However, subjecting crowded salmon to active swimming for 6 h before slaughter delayed the onset of @entity5084 from 2.5 to 7.5 h post mortem. The extent of @entity5084 was also affected by crowding and post-stress swimming activity (P<0.05), and the largest degree of contraction was found in crowded salmon. In conclusion, active swimming accelerated the return of plasma @entity701 , hydromineral balance, and the energy metabolism of adult @entity12178 to pre-stress levels. Moreover, an active swimming period delayed the onset of @entity5084 , which has a positive technological implication for the salmon processing industry.

title: Accelerated recovery of @entity12178 ( XXXX ) from effects of crowding by swimming.

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon', 'Salmo salar']

entities_list: @entity5084 :: ('MESH:D012298', 'Disease') :: ['rigor mortis contraction']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Lower muscle pH']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['rigor contraction']

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['Salmo salar']


abstract: Targeted therapy development in @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is challenging given the rarity of activating mutations. Additionally, @entity213 incidence is increasing related to @entity1082 ). We sought to develop an in vivo model derived from @entity1 reflecting the evolving @entity213 , and use it to identify new therapies. Primary and relapsed @entity5 from @entity213 @entity1 , both HPV+ and HPV-, were implanted on @entity19 , giving rise to 25 strains. Resulting xenografts were characterized by detecting key mutations, measuring protein expression by IHC and gene expression/pathway analysis by mRNA-sequencing. Drug efficacy studies were run with representative xenografts using the approved drug cetuximab as well as the new @entity10160 inhibitor @entity30487 . @entity5 maintained their original morphology, genetic profiles and drug susceptibilities through serial passaging. The genetic makeup of these @entity5 was consistent with known frequencies of @entity876 , PI3KCA, @entity125 and @entity126 mutations. Because the @entity470 inhibitor cetuximab is a standard @entity213 therapy, we tested its efficacy and observed a wide spectrum of efficacy. Cetuximab-resistant strains had higher @entity10160 / @entity584 pathway gene expression and protein activation than cetuximab-sensitive strains. The @entity10160 inhibitor @entity30487 had anti- @entity5 efficacy in @entity213 models with @entity10160 alterations. Finally, @entity10160 inhibition was effective in two cases with @entity125 inactivating mutations. In summary, we have developed an @entity213 model covering its clinical spectrum whose major genetic alterations and susceptibility to anticancer agents represent contemporary @entity213 . This model enables to prospectively test therapeutic-oriented hypotheses leading to personalized medicine.

title: A @entity1 XXXX transplant model of squamous cell cancer identifies @entity10160 inhibitors as candidate therapeutics in defined molecular bins.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC epidemiologic landscape', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: CONTEXT: Administration of recombinant @entity1 @entity442 (rhIGF-I)/recombinant @entity1 @entity2301 (rhIGFBP-3) to @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 improves blood @entity413 and enhances insulin sensitivity. The changes in various components of the IGF system that occur in response to rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 as well as the minimum effective dose have not been determined. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine the dose of rhIGF-I/rh- @entity2301 necessary to achieve a significant decrease in @entity413 and to determine the changes that occur in the @entity5100 and acid labile subunit in response to treatment. DESIGN: A total of 39 insulin-requiring @entity164 2 @entity6 were randomized to placebo or one of six groups that received different dosages of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3. After 3 d in which insulin doses were adjusted to improve @entity413 control, a variable insulin dosage regimen was continued, and either placebo or one of six dosages (0.125-2.0 mg/kg.d) of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 was administered for 7 d. All subjects were hospitalized, and dietary intake as well as insulin dosage were controlled with instructions to treat to normal range targets. RESULTS: Fasting @entity413 was reduced in the groups that received either 1 (32 +/- 5% reduction) or 2 mg/kg.d (40 +/- 6% reduction) of the complex. Mean daily @entity413 (four determinations) was reduced by 26 +/- 4% in the 1 mg/kg group and by 33 +/- 5% in the 2 mg/kg group compared with 18 +/- 4% in the placebo group. Total serum @entity442 increased between 2.0 +/- 0.3- and 5.7 +/- 1.3-fold by d 8. @entity2301 concentrations increased significantly only in the 2 mg/kg group. @entity5100 concentrations declined to values that were between 27 +/- 4% and 64 +/- 7% below baseline. Acid labile subunit concentrations declined significantly in the three highest dose groups. The sum of the @entity442 + @entity5100 concentrations was significantly increased at the two highest dosages. There were very few drug-associated adverse events reported in this study with the exception of @entity4053 , which occurred in 15 subjects who had received rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 resulted in a redistribution of the amount of @entity442 and @entity5100 that bound to @entity2301 . Fasting and mean daily blood @entity413 were reduced significantly in the two highest dosage groups. The results suggest that both the total concentration of @entity442 as well as its distribution in blood may determine the extent to which insulin sensitivity is enhanced.

title: Effects of combined recombinant @entity442 and @entity2301 in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 on glycemic control and distribution of @entity442 and XXXX among serum binding protein complexes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'IGF binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity5100 :: (3481,Gene) :: ['IGF-II']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gut @entity6636 , host genetics, and environmental triggers are implicated as causative factors in @entity29 ( @entity29 ), yet mechanistic insights are lacking. Longitudinal analysis of @entity31 @entity1 following total colectomy with ileal anal anastomosis (IPAA) where >50% develop @entity5042 , offers a unique setting to examine cause vs. effect. To recapitulate @entity1 IPAA, we employed a @entity19 model of surgically created blind self-filling (SFL) and self-emptying (SEL) ileal loops using @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity1618 ( @entity1618 ), and @entity1990 KO (T4), and @entity1618 /T4 double KO @entity19 . After 5 weeks, loop histology, host gene/protein expression, and bacterial 16s rRNA profiles were examined. SFL exhibit @entity1241 due to directional motility oriented towards the loop end, whereas SEL remain empty. In wild type @entity19 , SFL, but not SEL, develop pouch-like microbial communities without accompanying active @entity32 . However, in genetically susceptible @entity1618 (-/-)deficient @entity19 , SFL, but not SEL, exhibit severe @entity32 and mucosal transcriptomes resembling @entity1 @entity5042 . The @entity32 associated with @entity1618 -/- required @entity1990 , as animals lacking both pathways displayed @entity306 . Furthermore, germ-free @entity1618 (-/-) @entity19 conventionalized with SFL, but not SEL, microbiota populations develop severe @entity1960 . These data support essential roles of @entity3179 -induced, @entity694 , @entity1990 -mediated @entity694 , and genetic susceptibility in the development of @entity5042 and possibly UC. However, these factors by themselves are not sufficient. Similarities between this model and @entity1 UC/ @entity5042 provide opportunities for gaining insights into the mechanistic basis of @entity29 and for identification of targets for novel preventative and therapeutic interventions.

title: Insights into the pathogenesis of @entity31 from a @entity19 model of @entity3179 -induced @entity6636 , XXXX , and genetic susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic metaplasia', 'colon-like microbiota']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal stasis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['little disease']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic metaplasia']


abstract: Forty clones of @entity3667 were derived by direct plating from lesions and from cultures of recent isolates, followed by plating as well as by additional limit dilution in some. The parental strains originated from and represented three geographical areas in each of which a distinct electrophoretic type of the enzyme @entity16749 dehydrogenase (6PGD) is found. Each clone was characterized in terms of its virulence in Sabra @entity19 , morphology, serotype, enzyme electrophoretic profile based on 11 enzymes, and kinetoplast DNA endonuclease restriction pattern. All the clones showed a similar virulence in the @entity19 and similar polymorphism in fresh drops of living cultures and in Giemsa-stained preparations. Ten clones from the Jordan Valley were all serotype A1, 15 clones from the Arava were all A1Bz--confirming the mixed serological nature of parasites from this region, 11 of the 20 clones from the western Negev-eastern Sinai included a new A subserotype, and 9 were A1. Generally, the geographical separation of the 6PGD variants was upheld. Two of the Jordan Valley clones were similar to those of the western Negev. On two occasions, different enzyme types were isolated from the same individual, in one case from the same lesion. All clones from the western Negev were alike and similar to the type previously found in that region. The situation in the Arava was more complicated, since clones representative of all three regional types were found. In cases where the first two types were found, the clones and their parental strains were similar. However, one parental culture yielded three clones that resembled the reference strain for the Jordan Valley and two which resembled that of the western Negev. In one of these cases, two dissimilar clones originated from the same lesion. One aberrant clone from the western Negev was variant for @entity2353 hydrolase. The kinetoplast DNA of each clone was distinct but relatively complicated, which made differentiation of these regional types difficult. However, clones from the same area displayed more similarity to each other than to those of other regions, implying a closer genetic relationship.

title: Clonal heterogeneity in populations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16749 :: ('MESH:C008884', 'Chemical') :: ['6-phosphogluconate']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Species) :: ['Leishmania major']


abstract: To characterize the precipitating factors and course of @entity4295 ( @entity4295 ) in Nigerians, we studied the clinical course of @entity4295 in 40 consecutive @entity1 (22 male) seen in the Renal Unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between June 1986 and July 1989. Nephrotoxicity resulting from the use of traditional herbal remedies (15 @entity1 , (37.5%)) and @entity295 (7 @entity1 (17.5%)) were the most commonly identified precipitating factors. The mean duration of the oliguric phase was 9 +/- 3.8 days, while that of the diuretic phase was 17.5 +/- 7.1 days. Majority (26 @entity1 (65%)) were anuric at presentation. The mean urine output during the oliguric phase was 16.7 +/- 36.5 ml, whereas it was 3622 +/- 2159 ml during the diuretic phase. Transient @entity101 occurred in 8.5% of cases. A total of 10 @entity1 (25%) died. Six @entity204 occurred in non-dialysed @entity1 while 5 were associated with @entity75 . Of the 15 @entity1 in whom @entity4295 resulted from the use of herbal remedies, only 1 died. Nephrotoxicity from traditional herbal remedies is an important cause of @entity4295 in Ibadan. The exact pathogenesis is unclear and warrants further investigation.

title: The causes and course of XXXX in Nigerians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis', 'ATN']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

answer: @entity4295 :: (MESH:D007683,Disease) :: ['acute tubular necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine whether subjects taking selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are more likely to have elements of the @entity209 compared with those taking no psychotropic drugs. For comparison, we also studied subjects taking antipsychotic drugs. METHOD: We used data from The Hordaland Health Study '97-'99, a general community cross-sectional health survey including 25,315 subjects aged 40 to 49 and 70 to 74 years. For the groups studied, we estimated prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) for @entity28 , @entity1007 , low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity2915 , and @entity6 . RESULTS: We observed an association between use of SSRIs as a group (N = 461) and @entity1144 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.81) and @entity1007 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.73) after adjusting for multiple possible confounders. There was also a trend toward an association between SSRI use and @entity6 . In a subgroup analysis of subjects taking SSRIs, the use of @entity903 (N = 187) was markedly associated with both general and @entity1144 but not with @entity1007 . In contrast, the use of @entity837 (N = 142) was not associated with any of the metabolic outcome variables, while the use of any other SSRI ( @entity3756 , @entity905 , or @entity3755 ) (N = 131) as a mixed subgroup was associated with both @entity1144 and @entity1007 . We also replicated the previously reported associations between use of antipsychotics and @entity28 and metabolic disturbances. CONCLUSION: We have shown that use of at least some SSRIs is associated with clinical and biochemical elements of the @entity209 . Our data indicate differences in the metabolic side effect profile among various SSRI drugs, although treatment bias might have influenced these results. We suggest that @entity1 taking SSRIs be carefully monitored for @entity28 and @entity2299 .

title: @entity28 , XXXX , and @entity6 with selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors: the Hordaland Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-triglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of laparoscopic surgery for @entity1 with ileocecal @entity30 is a contentious issue. This metaanalysis aimed to compare open resection with laparoscopically assisted resection for ileocecal @entity30 . METHODS: A literature search of the Medline, Ovid, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed to identify comparative studies reporting outcomes for both laparoscopic and open ileocecal resection. Metaanalytical techniques were applied to identify differences in outcomes between the two groups. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken to evaluate the heterogeneity of the study. RESULTS: Of 20 studies identified by literature review, 15 satisfied the criteria for inclusion in the study. These included outcomes for 783 @entity1 , 338 (43.2%) of whom had undergone laparoscopic resection, with an overall conversion rate to open surgery of 6.8%. The operative time was significantly longer in the laparoscopic group, by 29.6 min (p = 0.002), although the @entity190 and complications in the two groups were similar. In terms of postoperative recovery, the laparoscopic @entity1 had a significantly shorter time for recovery of their enteric function and a shorter hospital stay, by 2.7 days (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For selected @entity1 with noncomplicated ileocecal @entity30 , laparoscopic resection offered substantial advantages in terms of more rapid resolution of @entity86 and shortened hospital stay. There was no increase in complications, as compared with open surgery. The contraindications to laparoscopic approaches for @entity30 remain undefined.

title: Comparison of laparoscopic and open ileocecal resection for XXXX : a metaanalysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The effect of the solvent systems @entity1068 ( @entity167 ), @entity2771 (PG) and combinations thereof was examined on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of the antithrombotic, @entity117 , through porcine epidermis. Biophysical changes in the stratum corneum lipids were studied through the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Macroscopic barrier properties of the epidermis were examined through the use of in vitro transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The flux of @entity117 increased with increasing concentrations of @entity167 in the solvent systems. The maximum flux of @entity117 was achieved by 80% @entity167 in combination with 20% PG beyond which (i.e. 100% @entity167 ) there was no increase in the flux. FTIR spectroscopic study was enacted in order to determine the biophysical properties of the stratum corneum when the solvents were applied. The FTIR spectra of the stratum corneum treated with 80% @entity167 /20% PG showed a maximum decrease in absorbance for the asymmetric and symmetric C_z. sbnd;H peaks, which suggests a greater loss of the lipids in the stratum corneum layers. In vitro TEWL studies allowed an investigation into the macroscopic barrier integrity properties of the stratum corneum. The TEWL results indicated that each of the solvent systems significantly enhanced (P<0.05) in vitro TEWL in comparison to the control. In conclusion, 80% @entity167 /20% PG enhanced the percutaneous absorption of @entity117 by perturbing the macroscopic barrier integrity of the stratum corneum and through a loss of stratum corneum lipids.

title: Effect of @entity1068 / @entity2771 on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of XXXX , biophysical changes and macroscopic barrier properties of the skin.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Supplementation with aged garlic extract (AGE) has been shown to restore impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilator response in subjects with acutely elevated plasma @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) levels after an oral @entity1853 load and in @entity1 with chronic @entity453 . Moreover, AGE has been shown to inhibit the progression of coronary calcifications in @entity1 with @entity453 . The molecular mechanisms, by which AGE preserves endothelial function is unknown. Our objective was to explore whether AGE preserves endothelial @entity842 (NO) output even under conditions of elevated Hcy levels by preventing oxidative inactivation of the NO synthase cofactor @entity8083 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Endothelial (EA.hy 926) cells were incubated with @entity3625 , @entity35527 , @entity1014 and @entity1853 (HAT/MET) to increase cellular Hcy levels, and with and without AGE. Agonist stimulated NO output was measured using the fluorescent probe DAF-2, and cellular @entity1432 levels (Hcy, @entity462 , reduced and @entity9492 ) and cellular @entity8083 levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: HAT/MET incubation resulted in significantly increased cellular Hcy levels, unaffected by coincubation with AGE. Elevated Hcy went along with significantly decreased NO output (to 34.4    4.4% of control) and levels of @entity8083 (from 4.67    2.17 to 2.17    0.97 pmol/mg). Incubation with AGE (5mg/mL) in HAT/MET-treated cells prevented the declines in NO output and @entity8083 levels. AGE increased cellular levels of @entity462 and total @entity2041 , and prevented @entity2041 and @entity8083 oxidation induced by elevated Hcy. CONCLUSION: Incubation with AGE preserved normal NO output from endothelial cells even under conditions of elevated Hcy levels by increasing cellular @entity1432 antioxidant and prevention of @entity8083 oxidation. This suggests that AGE might be useful in the prevention of @entity409 .

title: Aged garlic extract restores @entity842 bioavailability in cultured @entity1 endothelial cells even under conditions of XXXX elevation.

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['oxidized glutathione']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity35527 :: ('MESH:D000630', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopterin']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: Within the postero-lateral hypothalamus neurons that utilize hypocretin or @entity27127 ( @entity27127 ) as neuromodulators are co-distributed. These neurons have been involved in the control of behavioral states, and a @entity51 is the pathogenic basis of @entity2724 with @entity2725 . In this report, utilizing immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing techniques, we examined the hypocretinergic innervation of the nucleus pontis oralis (NPO), which is the executive site that is responsible for the generation of @entity1949 sleep in the cat. The retrograde tracer @entity12189 ( @entity12189 ) was administered in pontine regions where @entity5402 microinjections induced @entity1949 sleep. Utilizing immunohistochemical techniques, we found that approximately 1% of hypocretinergic neurons in the tuberal area of the hypothalamus project to the NPO. In addition, approximately 6% of all @entity12189 + neurons in this region were hypocretinergic. The hypocretinergic innervation of the NPO was also compared with the innervation of the same site by @entity27127 -containing neurons. More than three times as many MCHergic neurons were found to project to the NPO compared with hypocretinergic cells; both neuronal types exhibited bilateral projections. We also identified a group of non-hypocretinergic non-MCHergic neuronal group of neurons that were intermingled with both @entity528 that also projected to this same brainstem region. These neurons were grater in number that either hypocretin or @entity27127 -containing neurons; their soma size was also smaller and their projections were mainly ipsilateral. The present anatomical data suggest that hypocretinergic, MCHergic and an unidentified companion group of neurons of the postero-lateral hypothalamus participate in the regulation of the neuronal activity of NPO neurons, and therefore, are likely to participate in the control of wakefulness and @entity1949 sleep.

title: Hypocretinergic and non-hypocretinergic projections from the hypothalamus to the XXXX sleep executive area of the pons.

entities_list: @entity12189 :: ('9468', 'Gene') :: ['CTb', 'cholera toxin subunit b']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity27127 :: ('5367', 'Gene') :: ['MCH', 'melanin-concentrating hormone']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in the hypocretinergic system']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hypocretinergic and MCHergic neurons']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['REM']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study a new combination, based on @entity8185 and @entity26716 (CV8) and @entity20497 / @entity24517 ( @entity17733 ) for treatment of uncomplicated @entity9231 in Vietnam. METHODS: Vietnamese adults with @entity9231 were allocated randomly to treatment with @entity8185 / @entity26716 / @entity206 / @entity12433 256/2560/720/40 mg (CV8, n = 84) or @entity17733 3000/1200 mg (n = 81), both over 3 days. @entity1 were followed-up for 28 days. RESULTS: All @entity1 recovered rapidly. The mean (95% CI) parasite elimination half-life of CV8 was 6.8 h (6.2-7.4) and of @entity17733 6.5 h (6.1-6.9) (P = 0.4). Complete parasite clearance time was 35 (31-39) and 34 h (31-38) (P = 0.9). The 28-day cure rate was 94% and 95%, respectively (odds ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.18-3.81). No significant side-effects were found. CONCLUSION: CV8 and @entity17733 are effective combinations against multi-drug resistant @entity9231 . CV8 has the advantage of a low price.

title: CV8, a new combination of @entity8185 , @entity26716 , XXXX and @entity12433 , compared with @entity20497 -proguanil against @entity9231 in Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity24517 :: ('MESH:D002727', 'Chemical') :: ['proguanil']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20497 :: ('MESH:D053626', 'Chemical') :: ['atovaquone']

entities_list: @entity26716 :: ('MESH:C034759', 'Chemical') :: ['piperaquine']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity12433 :: ('MESH:D011319', 'Chemical') :: ['primaquine']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity206 :: (MESH:D014295,Chemical) :: ['trimethoprim']


abstract: The effect of @entity3409 ( @entity3280 ) was studied on natural killer (NK) cell-mediated @entity137 as well as on @entity137 ( @entity137 ) of @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes. The results show that @entity10278 inhibits @entity1 NK and @entity137 activities against K562 and Ab-coated @entity19 target cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition (80-90%) was observed in the presence of 100 mum- @entity10278 , and it does not appear to be due to toxic effects on effector cells. Purification of large granular lymphocytes by Percoll density gradient centrifugation suggests that @entity3280 acts directly on this cell population. No effects of @entity3280 could be found after pre-exposure of either effector or target cells separately. The inhibitory effect of @entity3280 was manifested only when effector and target cells were present simultaneously. The greatest inhibition of NK and @entity137 activities occurred when @entity10278 was added to the assay within the first 60 min, suggesting that an early event was affected by @entity3280 . However, @entity3280 did not block effector-target conjugate formation or affect leucocyte function associated @entity19817 expression on effector cells. This indicates that an initial triggering of effector cells by target cells was required before @entity3280 could exert its effect. @entity3280 -induced inhibition of cytotoxic functions of NK cells could be only partially prevented by increasing the external @entity141 concentration or by adding @entity8862 to the culture medium.

title: Effects of XXXX on cytotoxic functions of @entity1 natural killer cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: By using @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) assays in neuron-derived cell lines, we show here that promoter activity associated with the @entity3307 latency-associated transcript (LAT) had neuronal specificity. Promoter activity in these transient CAT assays coincided with a DNA region containing excellent RNA polymerase II promoter consensus sequences. Primer extension analysis in a LAT promoter-CAT plasmid construct placed the start of transcription about 28 @entity2036 from the first T in the consensus TATA box sequence. Neuronal specificity of this promoter was suggested by examining the effect of sequences upstream of the promoter on CAT activity in neuronal versus nonneuronal cells. In nonneuronal cells, promoter activity was decreased 3- to 12-fold with the addition of upstream sequences. In contrast, in neuron-derived cells, the addition of upstream sequences did not decrease promoter activity. The LAT promoter predicted by our transient CAT assays was located over 660 @entity2036 upstream from the 5' end of the previously mapped 2-kilobase (kb) LAT. This unusual location was explained by in situ and Northern (RNA) blot hybridization analyses that suggested that LAT transcription began near the promoter detected in our CAT assays, rather than near the 5' end of the 2-kb LAT. In situ hybridization with neurons from latently infected @entity95 detected small amounts of LAT RNA within 30 @entity2036 of the consensus TATA box sequence. This suggested that LAT transcription began near this TATA box. Northern blot hybridization of RNA from ganglia of latently infected @entity95 revealed a faint 8.3-kb band of the same sense as LAT. We conclude that (i) the LAT promoter has neuronal specificity, (ii) the LAT promoter is located over 660 @entity2036 upstream of the 5' end of the previously characterized stable 2-kb LAT, (iii) LAT transcription begins about 28 @entity2036 from the first T of the consensus TATA box sequence and extends to near the first available polyadenylation site approximately 8.3 kb away, and (iv) this 8.3-kb RNA may be an unstable precursor of the more stable 2- and 1.3-kb LATs.

title: Activity of XXXX latency-associated transcript (LAT) promoter in neuron-derived cells: evidence for neuron specificity and for a large LAT transcript.

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity3307 :: (10298,Species) :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Attention modulates the availability of sensory information to conscious perception. In particular, there is evidence of pathological, spatial constriction of the effective field of vision in @entity1 with right hemisphere damage when a central task exhausts available attentional capacity. In the current study we first examined whether this constriction might be modulated across both space and time in right hemisphere @entity64 @entity1 without neglect. Then we tested healthy elderly @entity1 to determine whether non-pathological ageing also leads to @entity73 of vision under conditions of high attention load. METHODS: Right hemisphere @entity64 @entity1 completed a task at fixation while attempting to discriminate letters appearing in the periphery. Attentional load of the central task was modulated by increasing task difficulty. Peripheral letters appeared simultaneously with the central task or at different times (stimulus onset asynchronies, SOAs) after it. In a second study healthy elderly volunteers were tested with a modified version of this paradigm. RESULTS: Under conditions of high attention load right hemisphere @entity64 @entity1 have a reduced effective @entity227 , over a significantly extended 'attentional blink', worse for items presented to their left. In the second study, older @entity1 were unable to discriminate otherwise salient items across the @entity227 (left or right) when their attention capacity was loaded on the central task. This deficit extended temporally, with peripheral discrimination ability not returning to normal for up to 450 msec. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamically tying up attention resources on a task at fixation can have profound effects in @entity1 populations and in normal ageing. These results demonstrate that items can escape conscious detection across space and time, and can thereby impact significantly on visual perception in these groups.

title: Dynamic attentional modulation of vision across space and time after right hemisphere XXXX and in ageing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['spatiotemporal impairments']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Primary @entity22 (PI) is a @entity25 characterized by difficulty with sleep initiation, maintenance, and/or the experience of nonrestorative sleep combined with a subsequent impairment of daytime functioning. The hyperarousal hypothesis has emerged as the leading candidate to explain @entity22 in the absence of specific mental, physical, or substance-related causes. We hypothesized that the cellular energetic metabolites, including beta @entity9953 , which in magnetic resonance spectroscopy approximates @entity855 ( @entity855 ), and @entity1734 (PCr), would show changes in PI reflecting increased energy demand. DESIGN AND SETTING: Matched-groups, cross-sectional study performed at two university-based hospitals. @entity1 : Sixteen medication-free individuals (eight males, eight females; mean    standard deviation (SD) age = 37.2    8.4 y) with PI and 16 @entity25 (nine males, seven females; mean    SD age = 37.6    4.7 y). MEASUREMENTS: Diagnosis was established for all individuals by unstructured clinical interview, Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition ( @entity915 ), sleep diary, and actigraphy. Polysomnography was collected in individuals with PI. Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) data were collected on all individuals at 4 Tesla. We assessed cell membrane (anabolic precursors and catabolic metabolites) and bioenergetic ( @entity855 , @entity1734 ) metabolites in gray matter and white matter to determine their relationship to the presence and severity of PI. RESULTS: Individuals with PI showed lower @entity1734 in gray matter and an unexpected decrease of @entity2945 , a precursor of the cell membrane compound @entity2434 , in white matter. In addition, there was a trend toward a negative association between polysomnographically determined wake after sleep onset and gray matter beta- @entity9953 and white matter @entity2945 in the @entity22 group. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hyperarousal hypothesis in PI based on lower @entity1734 in gray matter in the PI group.

title: Energetic and cell membrane metabolic products in @entity1 with XXXX : a 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 4 tesla.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['good sleepers', 'sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

entities_list: @entity9953 :: ('CHEBI:17326', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia symptoms', 'primary insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['primary insomnia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plant conservation initiatives lag behind and receive considerably less funding than animal conservation projects. We explored a potential reason for this bias: a tendency among @entity1 to neither notice nor value plants in the environment. Experimental research and surveys have demonstrated higher preference for, superior recall of, and better visual detection of animals compared with plants. This bias has been attributed to perceptual factors such as lack of motion by plants and the tendency of plants to visually blend together but also to cultural factors such as a greater focus on animals in formal biological education. In contrast, ethnographic research reveals that many social groups have strong bonds with plants, including nonhierarchical kinship relationships. We argue that @entity1939 is common, but not inevitable. If immersed in a plant-affiliated culture, the individual will experience language and practices that enhance capacity to detect, recall, and value plants, something less likely to occur in zoocentric societies. Therefore, conservation programs can contribute to reducing this bias. We considered strategies that might reduce this bias and encourage plant conservation behavior. Psychological research demonstrates that @entity1 are more likely to support conservation of species that have @entity1 -like characteristics and that support for conservation can be increased by encouraging @entity1 to practice empathy and anthropomorphism of nonhuman species. We argue that support for plant conservation may be garnered through strategies that promote identification and empathy with plants.

title: Plant XXXX and the implications for plant conservation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['plant blindness']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['blindness']


abstract: We have used nuclear extracts prepared from @entity286 leaf tissue to characterize a factor binding site, designated as-2 (activating sequence-2), at the -100 region of the @entity3260 35S promoter. The activity of this factor, called ASF-2 (activating sequence factor-2), is not detected in @entity286 root extracts. as-2 includes two GT motifs with sequence homology to the SV40 enhancer core A element and the Box II element of @entity3587 rbcS. Nevertheless, oligomers of these sequence elements do not compete for ASF-2 binding in gel retardation assays, indicating that the GT motifs may not be involved. Methylation interference studies identify two guanines (G93 and G98) that are required for interaction with ASF-2. Sequences surrounding these two critical guanines display homologies to a GATA repeat conserved among several light-responsive promoters. One such sequence from a petunia @entity17698 promoter is able to compete with as-2 for factor binding. In transgenic plants, a tetramer of as-2 is able to confer leaf expression when fused 5' to the -90 derivative of the 35S promoter. The expression is not dependent on light and, thus, the as-2 tetramer does not function as a light-responsive element in this context. Histochemical localization of the reporter gene product suggests that the as-2 tetramer directs expression in trichomes, vascular elements, and epidermal and mesophyll cells.

title: ASF-2: a factor that binds to the @entity3260 35S promoter and a conserved GATA motif in XXXX promoters.

entities_list: @entity3260 :: ('10641', 'Species') :: ['cauliflower mosaic virus']

answer: @entity17698 :: (56654,Gene) :: ['Cab']


abstract: A 64-year-old @entity1 with complete @entity616 , status post-Medtronic dual chamber pacemaker insertion, failed ablation for @entity591 at an outside institution. Despite persistent palpitations and known unsuccessful ablation, pacemaker interrogation revealed no evidence of @entity943 . At electrophysiology study, burst pacing from the high right atrium and distal coronary sinus at 370 ms revealed bidirectional 2:1 interatrial conduction block. Left atrial burst pacing at 260 ms induced an @entity591 (cycle length 340 ms) with 2:1 left to right @entity13169 and right atrial activation at 680 ms. The @entity591 was localized to the lateral left atrial roof. A series of ablation lesions from left to right superior pulmonary vein terminated the @entity591 . Left to right interatrial conduction block is a mechanism for underdetection of @entity943 with implantable devices not previously described. As the extent of atrial ablation increases, the incidence of this mechanism of underdetection may increase. Though devices are often considered ideal for @entity943 and are used in multiple trials, detection failures can occur despite appropriate device function. This case underscores the need for electrocardiographic monitoring in addition to device-based electrogram monitoring.

title: A novel mechanism of failure to detect XXXX by pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia detection', 'atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity13169 :: ('MESH:C563984', 'Disease') :: ['atrial block']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['atrial arrhythmias']