abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   In experimental models of @entity528 , therapeutic @entity2332 proved to be a powerful neuroprotective method. In clinical studies of @entity131 ( @entity131 ), this very distinct effect was not reproducible. Several meta-analyses draw different conclusions about whether therapeutic @entity2332 can improve outcome after @entity131 . Adverse side effects of systemic @entity2332 , such as severe @entity55 , have been held responsible by some authors to counteract the neuroprotective effect. Selective brain cooling (SBC) attempts to take advantage of the protective effects of therapeutic @entity2332 without the adverse side effects of systemic @entity2332 . Methods   Three different methods of SBC were applied in a @entity1 who had severe @entity131 with recurrent increases of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) refractory to conventional forms of treatment: (1) external cooling of the scalp and neck using ice packs prior to hemicraniectomy, (2) external cooling of the craniectomy defect using ice packs after hemicraniectomy, and (3) cooling by epidural irrigation with cold Ringer solution after hemicraniectomy. Results   External scalp cooling before hemicraniectomy, external cooling of the @entity154 with cold fluid resulted in temperature differences (brain temperature to body temperature) of   -   0.2  ,   -   0.7  , and   -   3.6  C, respectively. @entity428 declined with decreasing brain temperature. Conclusion   Previous external cooling attempts for SBC faced the problem that brain temperature could not be lowered without a simultaneous decrease of systemic temperature. After hemicraniectomy, epidural irrigation with cold fluid may be a simple and effective way to lower @entity428 and apply one of the most powerful methods of cerebroprotection after severe @entity131 .

title: Selective Brain Cooling after XXXX : Effects of Three Different Cooling Methods-Case Report.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['craniectomy defect, and epidural irrigation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: We describe a steady-state @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity66 ) who developed sporadic @entity8763 , historically related to vigorous exercise. We studied him and four other @entity1 with @entity66 and demonstrated exercise-induced hemoglobinemia. To see if SS erythrocytes were abnormally fragile when exposed to shear forces that could be generated in small vessels of exercising muscles, we exposed them to physiologic shear rates in a cone-plate viscometer. We show that SS erythrocytes are more shear sensitive than normal erythrocytes. This phenomenon is directly related to the presence of dehydrated cells as demonstrated by the increasing shear sensitivity of increasingly dehydrated cells separated on Stractan density gradients. Normal shear sensitivity could be restored to @entity2700 by restoring normal hydration. Restoration of shear stability was complete in all layers except for the most dense ISC layer. A control group of @entity1 with @entity13654 exhibited no exercise-induced hemoglobinemia, no abnormal shear sensitivity of whole blood, and only rare dehydrated ISCs. These studies suggest that the exercise-induced @entity2142 in SS @entity1 is related to the lysis of dehydrated, shear-sensitive cells. This same process may also contribute to the chronic @entity2142 of @entity66 --a phenomenon known to correlate with the numbers of dehydrated ISCs.

title: Exercise-induced XXXX in @entity3458 : shear sensitivity and erythrocyte dehydration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydrated layers']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SS disease']

entities_list: @entity8763 :: ('MESH:D006456', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['hemolysis']


abstract: To evaluate gonadal function and pregnancy outcome after treatment for @entity981 during childhood or adolescence, 44 former @entity1 who were less than 20 years of age at diagnosis, 5 or more years from diagnosis, and 18 or more years of age were contacted. Thirty-nine (88%) provided information regarding pregnancy outcome. Gonadal function as estimated by the ability to conceive or sire a pregnancy, was not impaired despite treatment with substantial cumulative doses of @entity1499 , @entity4446 , @entity1891 , and 1-asparaginase. Twelve @entity1 reported a total of 27 pregnancies. There were four spontaneous @entity5852 , one stillborn, and 22 liveborn @entity1 . The birthweights were 1928 to 4536 g (median, 3430 g). Two @entity1 had @entity154 . The childrens' ages ranged from 1 month to 10 years, 2 months (median, 6 years, 1 month). None has been diagnosed with any type of @entity5 . The results of this study suggest that pregnancy outcome is not affected adversely by treatment received during childhood or adolescence for @entity981 .

title: Pregnancy outcome after treatment for XXXX during childhood or adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To quantify the outcomes of retrograde ureteric stenting in the setting of infected @entity3041 secondary to ureteric calculi. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective analysis of all @entity1 over 15 month period admitted with an @entity8 secondary to ureteric calculi. Inclusion criteria were based on clinical evidence of @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) and radiological evidence of obstructing ureteric calculi. Outcome measures included success of procedure, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), length of hospital stay, morbidity, and all-cause mortality during hospital admission. RESULTS: 52 @entity1 included. Success of retrograde ureteric stenting was 98%. Seventeen per cent of @entity1 required an ICU admission, with a post ureteric instrumentation ICU admissions rate of 6%. Mean white cell count and serum @entity1011 improved significantly post-procedure. Major complication rate included @entity326 6%, but there were no episodes of major @entity548 and no deaths. CONCLUSION: Retrograde ureteric stenting is safe and effective in @entity8 . Results are comparable to percutaneous nephrostomy tube insertion. Post instrumentation ICU admissions occur in 6% of retrograde stentings.

title: Retrograde ureteric stent insertion in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['infected obstructed kidneys']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['infected obstructed kidneys']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of @entity308 prior to @entity64 ( @entity1726 ) on @entity64 severity on admittance, functional outcome (short- and long-term), mortality, and long-term @entity308 ( @entity22044 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity64 @entity1 were screened for @entity1726 . The National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale score was obtained on admission. Short-term functional state was registered by the modified Rankin scale and on long-term functional outcome by the Barthel Index. @entity22044 was defined as @entity308 subscale of the hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale (HADSD) >or=11. HADSD and Barthel Index were obtained by postal questionnaire. Survival analyses were performed. RESULTS: Among 771 @entity1 21.7% had @entity1726 . Among 376 @entity1 returning the questionnaire, 8.8% were @entity308 . On logistic regression analyses severity of @entity64 on admission, short-term, and long-term functional outcome were independently associated with @entity1726 . Logistic regression showed @entity22044 to be independently associated with @entity1726 and being unmarried. Cox regression analyses showed that both @entity1726 and @entity22044 were associated with high long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified several factors associated with @entity22044 . @entity1726 predicts more severe @entity64 on admittance and less functional improvement both in the short- and the long-term. Both @entity1726 and @entity22044 predict higher long-term mortality.

title: XXXX predicts unfavourable functional outcome and higher mortality in @entity64 @entity1 : the Bergen @entity64 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressed']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is routinely recommended for most soft-tissue @entity242 (STS) of the extremities. However, its impact on local control is not clearly established after wide complete excision. We performed a retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent wide resection in our institution (first or second resection in cases of incomplete surgery) and either did or did not receive adjuvant RT. All histological specimens of @entity1 operated upon between 1975 and 1996 were carefully analysed and only @entity1 with free @entity5 margins (ftm) were retained for the analysis. The histopathological classification was as follows: minimal resection (mR) (ftm<10 mm) and optimal resection (oR) (ftm >/=10 mm). There were 133 @entity1 with a median age of 44 years (range 16-88 years). The median @entity5 size was 6 cm (range 1-20 cm) with 28, 44 and 28% of stage I, II and III lesions, respectively. 93 @entity1 (70%) were @entity5 was found in 55% of the @entity1 (51/93). 69 @entity1 (17 oR and 52 mR) received adjuvant RT and 64 @entity1 did not (54 oR and 10 mR). Other @entity1 characteristics (age, @entity5 size, stage, @entity75 , histoprognostic grade, adjuvant chemotherapy) were similar in both the RT and no-RT groups. Median follow-up was 10 years (3-25 years). The 5- and 10-year local relapse-free survival rates were 78 and 71%, respectively. 33 @entity1 relapsed locally: 11 in the RT group and 22 @entity1 in the control group (P=0.01). In the univariate analysis, adjuvant RT was correlated with relapse-free survival, while @entity5 grade and @entity5 margin status were correlated with overall survival. The multivariate analysis demonstrated a favourable impact of RT and negative influence of @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) on local relapse-free survival; the @entity5 grade was correlated with overall survival. RT had a positive influence on local control exclusively in @entity1 with mR resection (P=0.005) and in @entity1 with @entity5 cells after re-excision (P=0.001). RT had no influence on 5- and 10-year overall survival. The 5- and 10-year overall survival for the entire population were 77 and 67%, respectively. Optimal resection seems to be the best predictive parameter for a favourable outcome in localised STS. @entity1753 is indicated after mR resection and for @entity5 after definitive surgery, but its role after oR resection (primary resection or no @entity5 after re-excision) should be evaluated in a prospective randomised trial.

title: Does adjuvant radiation therapy increase loco-regional control after optimal resection of soft-tissue XXXX of the extremities?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['MFH', 'malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['deep-seated lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'reoperated upon and residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['Adjuvant RT']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: Ventriculoatrial (VA) sequence and neurohumoral responses may be important modulators of hemodynamic recovery during VT. We studied the effects of VA conduction on blood pressure recovery, and levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), @entity1425 , and @entity1063 during simulated VT. After diagnostic coronary angiography, VT was simulated by rapid right ventricular pacing (150 beats/min, 3 mins) in a consecutive series of @entity1 . Whenever the @entity1 demonstrated VA dissociation during ventricular pacing, they were included in the study. After 10 minutes of recovery, a group of nine @entity1 then underwent an additional VA pacing (150 beats/min, 3 mins, VA delay of 150 msec). Intra-arterial blood pressure was continuously monitored, and plasma ANP and @entity2922 levels were measured before, during, and after both pacing protocols. The mean arterial pressures declined rapidly by 26% and 30% after initiation of ventricular and VA pacing, respectively. The blood pressure then gradually recovered, the hemodynamic recovery being better during VA pacing. Plasma ANP and @entity2922 levels increased toward the end of both pacing periods. The observed increase in ANP concentration was more prominent during VA pacing than ventricular pacing (P < 0.001), whereas @entity2922 levels increased similarly. The results show that during simulated VT hemodynamic recovery is partially dependent on VA sequence. The increases in circulating ANP and @entity2661 occur too slowly to account for the rapid changes in blood pressures observed after initiation of simulated VT. Therefore, other mechanisms, such as reflex stimulation of the sympathoadrenergic nervous system, must be involved, too. ANP release increases when atrial contraction frequency increases, but the exact determinants for this release remain unknown.

title: Hemodynamic recovery, atrial natriuretic peptide, and XXXX during simulated ventricular tachycardia: effects of ventriculoatrial conduction.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Migration from rural areas of India contributes to urbanisation and may increase the risk of @entity28 and @entity6 . We tested the hypotheses that rural-to-urban migrants have a higher prevalence of @entity28 and @entity6 than rural nonmigrants, that migrants would have an intermediate prevalence of @entity28 and @entity6 compared with life-long urban and rural dwellers, and that longer time since migration would be associated with a higher prevalence of @entity28 and of @entity6 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: The place of origin of @entity1 working in factories in north, central, and south India was identified. Migrants of rural origin, their rural dwelling sibs, and those of urban origin together with their urban dwelling sibs were assessed by interview, examination, and fasting blood samples. @entity28 , @entity6 , and other cardiovascular risk factors were compared. A total of 6,510 @entity1 (42% @entity1 ) were recruited. Among urban, migrant, and rural @entity1 the age- and factory-adjusted percentages classified as obese (body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m(2)) were 41.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 39.1-44.7), 37.8% (95% CI 35.0-40.6), and 19.0% (95% CI 17.0-21.0), respectively, and as @entity6 were 13.5% (95% CI 11.6-15.4), 14.3% (95% CI 12.2-16.4), and 6.2% (95% CI 5.0-7.4), respectively. Findings for @entity1 showed similar patterns. Rural @entity1 had lower blood pressure, lipids, and fasting blood @entity413 than urban and migrant @entity1 , whereas no differences were seen in @entity1 . Among migrant @entity1 , but not @entity1 , there was weak evidence for a lower prevalence of both @entity6 and @entity28 among more recent (</=10 y) migrants. CONCLUSIONS: Migration into urban areas is associated with increases in @entity28 , which drive other risk factor changes. Migrants have adopted modes of life that put them at similar risk to the urban population. Gender differences in some risk factors by place of origin are unexpected and require further exploration. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

title: The effect of rural-to-urban migration on XXXX and @entity6 in India: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retained textiles with foreign body granulomatous reaction can form mass-mimicking soft tissue @entity5 , which may cause diagnostic, clinical, and medicolegal problems. In this study, we present 3 cases of foreign body @entity738 by retained textiles, and demonstrate FDG PET findings with detailed pathologic correlation. We also provide a review of previous literatures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three @entity1 (all females; age range, 48-61 years) with histopathologic diagnosis of mass-forming foreign body @entity738 caused by retained textiles were retrospectively studied. They underwent an FDG PET scan in our institute. The mass was located in the abdominopelvic cavity in all cases. The time interval between the prior surgery and the PET acquisition was 11 months, 15 or 19 years, and 26 years, respectively. RESULTS: Intense FDG uptake with a ring-shaped pattern was observed in 2 cases, while no uptake in 1 case. Microscopically, 2 with ring-shaped FDG uptake showed a cellular foreign body reaction peripherally, and artificial textile fibers and acellular eosinophilic amorphous materials in the central portion. In the one without FDG uptake, the mass was composed of mainly @entity39 surrounding by a thick layer of well-formed collagen fibers. In previous case reports describing the accumulation of @entity6401 , 9 of 10 cases showed intense FDG uptake with a ring-shaped pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The ring-shaped pattern of FDG uptake seems to well characterize @entity6437 with @entity6401 . However, the pattern of FDG accumulation in retained textile with @entity6401 may vary due to histologic features.

title: F-18 FDG PET of foreign body XXXX : pathologic correlation with imaging features in 3 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity6401 :: ('MESH:D015745', 'Disease') :: ['FDG in foreign body granulomas', 'foreign body granulomas']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: Drug-specific antibody fragments, which can reverse tricyclic antidepressant @entity137 in @entity35 , represent a potential clinical treatment for tricyclic antidepressant @entity1445 in @entity1 . To delineate the pharmacokinetic mechanisms, we studied the effects of a high-affinity, drug-specific @entity1334 fragment on @entity5829 ( @entity9956 ) disposition in @entity35 and on @entity9956 kinetics in the isolated, perfused @entity35 liver. These studies were performed at high @entity9956 and @entity1334 doses, with @entity1334 administered at the time of peak @entity9956 @entity137 , to simulate the treatment of @entity1445 . @entity35 received 20 mg/kg @entity9956 intravenously over 30 min followed in 10 min by @entity9956 -specific ovine polyclonal @entity1334 ( @entity9956 - @entity1334 ) or nonspecific @entity1 @entity1334 (control- @entity1334 ) (1.1 g/kg; molar @entity1334 -to- @entity9956 ratio, 0.34) intravenously over 20 min. The serum @entity9956 concentration increased by 50-fold 5 min after @entity9956 - @entity1334 administration. The mean area under the serum concentration-time curve increased by more than 3-fold. The steady-state volume of distribution was decreased by 90% and total body clearance was decreased by 70% after @entity9956 - @entity1334 administration compared with control- @entity1334 . Renal clearance increased by 72% after @entity9956 - @entity1334 and total renal excretion of @entity9956 increased by 7-fold due to the much higher serum @entity9956 concentration. Ninety-four percent of @entity9956 - @entity1334 excretion and 87% of @entity9956 excretion occurred in the first 12 h. The percent of @entity9956 bound in urine was markedly increased by @entity9956 - @entity1334 (87.1 vs. 19.1%), as was the molar ratio of @entity9956 to @entity9956 - @entity1334 in urine (0.75 vs. 0.08). Isolated @entity35 livers were perfused with @entity9956 alone, @entity9956 and @entity9956 - @entity1334 or @entity9956 and control- @entity1334 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of specific antibody @entity1334 fragments on XXXX pharmacokinetics in the @entity35 in vivo and in the isolated, perfused liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

answer: @entity5829 :: (MESH:D003891,Chemical) :: ['desipramine']


abstract: Despite the fact that @entity354 is a multifactorial disease, inhibition of gastric acid secretion is the mainstay of medical treatment, both for moderate and severe cases. Antisecretory agents lower the acidity of the refluxate, thus decreasing its aggressive effect, which favors the mucosal healing process. The greater the acid inhibition, the greater will be the mucosal repair. This is the reason for a therapeutic gain for H2-receptor antagonists over anticholinergics and antacids, and for proton pump inhibitors over H2-receptor antagonists. The most recently developed proton pump inhibitor, @entity10042 , at doses of 15, 30, or 60 mg/day for 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, has proven to be significantly more effective than placebo (one multicenter study involving 292 @entity1 ) or @entity5616 (three multicenter studies involving 653 @entity1 ) in terms of mucosal healing and symptom relief. In two comparative trials with @entity4546 20 mg vs @entity10042 30 mg (in a total of 349 evaluable @entity1 ) healing rates were found to be similar, but in one trial the relief of heartburn proved to be significantly more pronounced in @entity1 receiving @entity10042 who also used fewer antacids. The frequency of adverse events was comparable in the two treatment groups. @entity354 is a chronic condition and after stopping antisecretory treatment, including @entity10042 , most @entity1 relapse in @entity1109 and @entity75 , which suggests the need for long-term treatment. However, a strategy for long-term control of @entity354 remains to be defined (lower daily dose, alternate-day standard dose, or concomitant prokinetic drugs?). The safety of proton pump inhibitors given for prolonged periods also needs to be more thoroughly evaluated.

title: Treatment of gastroesophageal (acid) reflux with XXXX : an overview.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['terms of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis', 'Reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity10042 :: (MESH:C058687,Chemical) :: ['lansoprazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Longstanding uncertainty surrounds the selection of surgical protocols for @entity3384 , and randomised trials have only rarely been performed. The Scandcleft Project consists of three trials commenced in 1997 involving ten centres in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. Three groups of centres tested a newly-defined common technique for palatal repair (Arm A) against their local protocols (Arms B, C, D). Arm A was familiar to most of the surgeons in Trial 1, but not to the surgeons in the other Trials. AIM: To evaluate surgical events and complications of the 448 (293 @entity1 , 155 @entity1 ) @entity1 with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) enrolled in the three trials. METHOD: The three trials were carried out in parallel in adherence with a fully developed, ethically approved protocol. Operative time, @entity548 , complications, and major dehiscence during and after both primary surgeries were recorded by the surgeon. Rates of @entity292 and surgery for @entity1739 ( @entity1739 ) were assessed until the youngest @entity1 of the study had reached the age of 9 years. Pearson Chi-square statistical analysis was used to compare the outcomes. RESULTS: No significant differences in @entity548 , infection, anaesthetic complications or length of hospital stay between the different arms were found for Trial 1. However, in Trials 2 and 3 there were more airway problems in Arm A than with the traditional local protocols (Arms C or D). In Trial 3 @entity292 and @entity1739 surgery rates were also higher in Arm A. CONCLUSIONS: The results do not provide statistical evidence that any technique is better than others, but indicate that surgery was more problematic for surgeons who were still gaining experience with an unfamiliar surgical protocol. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN29932826.

title: Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for XXXX : 2. Surgical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['VPI', 'velopharyngeal incompetence']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['UCLP', 'unilateral cleft lip and palate', 'complete unilateral cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['unilateral cleft lip and palate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity1 with @entity583 undergoing thrombolysis with streptokinase develop changes in renal function. DESIGN: Prospective assessment of renal function in 60 consecutive @entity1 admitted with @entity583 . SETTING: Tertiary referral centre and city general hospital. @entity1 : 60 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 . Thirty eight were given streptokinase and 17 tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase) and five no thrombolytic agent (non-streptokinase group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity644 and @entity1011 clearance on admission (day 1) and on days 3 and 6; serum @entity1133 and @entity1011 concentrations on days 1 and 7; streptokinase IgG on days 1, 2, and 7. RESULTS: Significant @entity644 (> 0.15 g/24 h) was found in 31 (82%) of the 38 @entity1 in the streptokinase group (mean 0.47 g/24 h (95% confidence interval 0.35 to 0.6 g/24 h)) in the 24 hours after admission compared with six (27%) out of 22 in the non-streptokinase group (mean 0.17 g/24 h (0.12 to 0.2 g/24 h); P = 0.008). In the streptokinase group this decreased to the normal range by day 3 (mean 0.15 g/24 h (0.1 to 0.22 g/24 h); P = 0.0001 v baseline). Electrophoresis of urine showed the @entity644 to be glomerular in origin. @entity1011 clearance and serum @entity1011 and @entity1133 concentrations were similar in both groups. In the streptokinase group detectable streptokinase IgG titres were found in 28 out of 32 (87%) @entity1 . The median titre on admission was 16 (range 0-110); it fell to 3 (range 0-80; P = 0.001) by day 2 and increased to 61 (range 0-7700; P = 0.0002 v baseline) by day 7. CONCLUSIONS: Streptokinase was associated with significant early onset @entity644 of glomerular origin. This started to resolve by day 3 and resulted in no deterioration in overall renal function. The temporal relation to the initial fall in antibody titre suggests that it could be the result of immune complex deposition in the glomeruli.

title: Thrombolytic treatment and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12042 is associated with a variety of underlying disease processes. Although amyloid is identical in appearance in these diseases, the precursor proteins are different. Immunofluorescence microscopy has been used as the primary tool in the diagnostic evaluation of the underlying cause of renal @entity1582 . The purpose of this study was to document the sensitivity of immunofluorescence microscopy in @entity1582 . METHODS: We reviewed 36 renal biopsies from @entity1 with @entity2783 collected in two medical centres. All biopsies showed characteristic fibrillary deposits of amyloid on electron microscopy and stained positive with Congo red or Thioflavin-T. RESULTS: Among these 36 @entity1 , immunofluorescence staining for lambda and kappa light chains was negative or equivocal in 14 biopsies. Of these 14 @entity1 , two @entity1 had evidence of @entity2783 . Twelve @entity1 were found subsequently to have a @entity1581 or @entity1582 with monoclonal immunoglobulin and/or free light chains on immunofixation electrophoresis of urine or serum, and with evaluation of the bone marrow. Thus, 12 of 34 @entity1 (35.3%) with proven @entity1582 had negative immunofluorescence staining for kappa and lambda light chains. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrated the low sensitivity of immunofluorescence microscopy in the detection of @entity8 and underscore the need to pursue additional diagnostic studies to identify this problem.

title: XXXX is underdiagnosed in renal biopsies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['AL-amyloidosis in the kidney']

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['Renal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis', 'AA-amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'AL-amyloidosis']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['AL-amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study examined executive functioning in @entity161 by assessing response initiation and suppression in a group of @entity161 @entity1 , and drawing comparisons with @entity146 and non- @entity146 control groups. METHOD: The Hayling Sentence Completion Test was used as a measure of executive functioning and was completed by 39 @entity161 @entity1 , 40 @entity162 @entity1 and 44 healthy control @entity1 . Outcome measures included response initiation and response suppression latency and error rate. RESULTS: The @entity161 group was significantly impaired on all measures of the Hayling Sentence Completion Test when compared to healthy control @entity1 , and only on some of the measures when compared to the @entity162 group. The @entity162 group did not differ in performance compared to the healthy control group. Overall @entity161 @entity1 showed longer response initiation and response suppression latencies, and an @entity101 . Performance of the @entity161 @entity1 was associated with higher ratings of @entity73 . Performance was not related to age, gender, predicted IQ or any other clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: @entity161 @entity1 show a slowing in baseline response initiation and slowed suppression of an inappropriate response. Considering the @entity162 @entity1 demonstrated intact performance, altered executive functioning in @entity161 appears relatively specific to the disorder rather than reflecting other characteristics common to @entity1032 . Investigations examining which neurocognitive domains are impaired in @entity161 provide direct implications for treatment options tailored to an individual's cognitive strengths and weaknesses.

title: Executive functioning in XXXX : a thorough examination of performance on the Hayling Sentence Completion Test compared to @entity146 and non- @entity146 controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased error rate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorganisation']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We analyzed 3 previously identified cut-off values of lymph node ratios (0.17, 0.41, and 0.69) in a large population-based collective of @entity1 with @entity14 for their prognostic value. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The lymph node ratio (LNR) (relation of @entity5 -infiltrated to total examined lymph nodes) has a high prognostic impact, but the relevant cut-off values are not determined. METHODS: @entity1 (N = 27,803) with a primary @entity14 diagnosed and operated in the Munich region between 1991 and 2006 were registered in the Munich @entity5 Registry. Lymph node numbers and survival data were available for 17,309 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 5.9 years. RESULTS: The mean number (+/-SD) of resected lymph nodes was 16.8 +/- 8.4. Twelve or more lymph nodes were resected in 76.8%. Estimated 5-year overall survival decreased significantly with increasing LNR: LNR = 0 in 71.4%, LNR 0.01 to 0.17 in 52.4%, LNR 0.18 to 0.41 in 33.3%, LNR 0.42 to 0.69 in 19.8%, and LNR > or = 0.70 in 8.3% (P < 0.001). Multivariable survival analyses identified separately both LNR and pN- category, as well as number of resected lymph nodes, @entity1 's age, @entity5 location, pT-category, pM-status, R-status, @entity5 grade, and year of operation as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: : The 3 cut-off values of LNRs had strong independent prognostic value in a population-based collective of @entity1 with @entity14 . The LNR should be routinely reported and included in the American Joint Committee on @entity5 staging system. Nevertheless, the benefit of lymphadenectomy on survival is still unclear.

title: The prognostic value of lymph node ratio in a population-based collective of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: In @entity1 with stable @entity453 ( @entity453 ) without overt @entity712 , @entity1289 inhibitors are among the most commonly used drugs as these agents have been proven effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Considerable individual variations in the blood pressure response to @entity1289 inhibitors are observed and as such heterogeneity in clinical treatment effect would be likely as well. Assessing the consistency of treatment benefit is essential for the rational and cost-effective prescription of @entity1289 inhibitors. Information on heterogeneities in treatment effect between subgroups of @entity1 could be used to develop an evidence-based guidance for the installation of @entity1289 -inhibitor therapy. Obviously, therapy should only be applied in those @entity1 who most likely will benefit. Attempts to develop such treatment guidance by using clinical characteristics have been unsuccessful. No heterogeneity in risk reduction by @entity1289 inhibitors has been observed in relation to relevant clinical characteristics. A new approach to such 'guided-therapy' could be to integrate more @entity1 -specific characteristics such as the @entity1 ' genetic information. If proven feasible, pharmacogenetic profiling could optimise @entity1 ' benefit of treatment and reduce unnecessary treatment of @entity1 . Cardiovascular pharmacogenetic research of @entity1289 inhibitors in @entity453 @entity1 is in a formative stage and studies are limited. The PERGENE study is a large pharmacogenetic substudy of the EUROPA trial, aimed to assess the achievability of pharmacogenetic profiling. We provide an overview of the main results of the PERGENE study in terms of the genetic determinants of treatment benefit and blood pressure response. The main results of the PERGENE study show a pharmacogenetic profile related to the treatment benefit of perindopril identifying responders and non-responders to treatment.

title: Individualised therapy of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors in stable XXXX : overview of the primary results of the PERindopril GENEtic association (PERGENE) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine the fear of hypoglycaemia and its association with demographic and disease-specific variables in a large and unselective population of adult @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 . METHODS: Questionnaires were sent by post to all @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 who were identified in the local @entity6 registries of two hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden (n=1387). Fear of hypoglycaemia was measured using the Swedish Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey, the Worry subscale and the Aloneness subscale. Demographic variables and disease-specific factors were collected from @entity1 ' self reports and medical records. Univariate analysis and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were used in the statistical analyses of the data. RESULTS:     Seven hundred and sixty-four (55%) @entity1 participated in the study (mean age 43.3 years and mean HbA(1c) 7.0%, normal <5.0%). The Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey - Worry subscale was significantly associated with frequency of severe hypoglycaemia, @entity1109 during mild hypoglycaemia, gender, hypoglycaemic symptoms during hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemic unawareness. The Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey - Aloneness subscale was significantly associated with frequency of severe hypoglycaemia, @entity1109 during mild hypoglycaemia, gender, frequency of mild hypoglycaemia, HbA(1c) , @entity47 to the emergency room because of severe hypoglycaemia. Fear of hypoglycaemia proved to be more prevalent in females and indicated a different pattern between genders in relation to factors associated with fear of hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies the frequency of severe hypoglycaemia as the most important factor associated with fear of hypoglycaemia. Moreover, for the first time, we document gender differences in fear of hypoglycaemia, suggesting that females are more affected by fear of hypoglycaemia than @entity1 .

title: Fear of hypoglycaemia in adults with XXXX 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['number of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycaemic unawareness and visits']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: We have shown using a Vx2 @entity95 model that 3 and 5ml/kg of @entity12915 emulsion were highly effective in imaging @entity96 . The results from preliminary clinical trials suggested that should the infusion rate be increased, a 1.5ml/kg may be efficacious. This study determined whether 1.5ml/kg given as a @entity915 would be efficacious to image @entity96 using a Vx2 @entity95 model. Vx2 @entity5 were implanted in 5 NZW @entity95 , CT of the liver was performed during held expiration at 80kV and 800mAS, before and shortly after 1.5ml/kg Imagent BP (ImBP), again at 30 minutes and 3 days. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn over the CT image of the spleen, liver, inferior vena cava, and @entity5 , CT# obtained and average enhancement of each tissue calculated at each time point. 4 animals had @entity5 .5cm or greater. Precontrast, @entity5 were faintly seen on CT. Blood was brighter than liver shortly after infusion and isointense with liver at 30 minutes. @entity5 did not enhance following contrast. Except for the liver and spleen, all tissues returned to baseline on the 3rd day. Therefore a clinical trial to determine the efficacy of 1.5ml/kg ImBP to image the liver is warranted.

title: Efficacy of Imagent BP at 1.5ml/kg in a @entity95 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity12915 :: ('MESH:C003072', 'Chemical') :: ['perflubron']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumor']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Clinically based systematic review. OBJECTIVE: To define optimal clinical care for primary @entity146 using a systematic review with expert opinion. METHODS: Predefined focused questions on treatment of @entity13626 , @entity80 and @entity2967 were refined by a panel of spine oncology surgeons, medical and radiation oncologist. Keywords were searched through Medline and pertinent abstracts and articles obtained. The quality of literature was rated as high, moderate, low or very low. Based on literature review and expert opinion recommendations were composed through the GRADE system and rated as either strong or weak. RESULTS: The literature searches revealed very low quality evidence with no prospective or randomized studies. There are a limited number of @entity1 with aggressive primary @entity5 . The @entity13626 initial search identified 211 articles of which 17 were pertinent to the spinal questions. The @entity80 initial search revealed 482 articles initially of which 6 were pertinent; and the search on @entity2967 identified 178 articles of which only 8 were focused on the predefined treatment questions. CONCLUSION: @entity146 have varying histology. Despite these differences surgical treatment should be directed at gross resection of the @entity5 , understanding that this may be limited by anatomic confines and the potential for morbidity.

title: Aggressive "benign" primary spine @entity5 : @entity13626 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastoma', 'osteoblastomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal aggressive benign osseous neoplasms', 'spinal aggressive "benign" osseous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'osseous tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal bone cysts']

answer: @entity80 :: (MESH:D017824,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal bone cyst, and giant cell tumor']


abstract: This drug utilization or prescription-monitoring study was conducted to evaluate the drug-prescribing trend of anti- @entity748 drugs in various hospitals (health care centre) of Shamli, (Prabuddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India). The study was conducted in three famous hospitals of Shamli on three hundred thirty (330) @entity1 , using a developed prescription auditing Performa. Data was recorded from the co-operating @entity1 , attending the outpatient department using a chance random sample method for six months by interviewing and information was filled in the performa. The collected data was studied statistically for determining the most prominently prescribed medication for the treatment. The collected information suggested that b-agonist were the most frequently prescribed anti- @entity748 drugs followed by @entity288 , @entity749 , anti-histaminics and leukotriene antagonist. Also the performed prescription analysis revealed that there is significant difference in the prescriptions for multiple drug therapy (90%) as compared to single drug therapy (10%). Also even after the commercial development of @entity358 , oral dosage form like tablets (54.93%) were preferred over inhalation (31.69%). Thus, it can be concluded that the present prescribing pattern of antiasthmatics in Shamli does not completely meet standard guidelines for the @entity565 treatment. Hence there is a need of awareness amongst the physicians of Shamli so that they can follow the guidelines while treating @entity565 . Also the @entity1 must be encouraged to use newly developed inhalational drug delivery systems for improving the treatment.

title: Assessment of prescription pattern in XXXX therapy at Shamli hospitals.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity749 :: ('MESH:C008514', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary targeted systems']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity1165 associated with @entity583 has had a lower surgical cure rate with localized subendocardial resection than @entity1165 related to anterior @entity1188 . Some investigators have advocated visually directed extensive subendocardial resection, including resection of the papillary muscles and mitral valve replacement, even without documenting the origin of @entity1165 at these sites. We have operated on 46 @entity1 (43 @entity1 and three @entity1 ) for @entity1165 associated with @entity583 . Thirty-one consecutive @entity1 (Group I) had standard localized subendocardial resection. Two @entity1 in this group had mitral valve replacement for @entity339 . Fifteen consecutive recent @entity1 (Group II) underwent subendocardial resection plus focal endocardial cryoablation (3 minutes at -70 degrees C) of the annular isthmus. The annular isthmus is defined as the ventricular muscle between the basal end of the ventriculotomy and the mitral valve anulus. In Group I there were four operative @entity204 (13%). @entity1165 was noninducible in 15 of 27 operative survivors (56%) at postoperative electrophysiologic studies. In Group II there was one operative @entity204 (7%) and 13 of 14 survivors (93%) had no inducible @entity1165 at postoperative electrophysiologic studies (p less than 0.01 versus Group I). No Group II @entity1 required mitral valve replacement. Six operative survivors in Group II had intraoperative activation maps consistent with macroreentry incorporating the annular isthmus. Group I and Group II were indistinguishable in terms of preoperative hemodynamics, number of coronary arteries diseased, or the presence of @entity1002 . These results suggest that subendocardial resection with additional cryoablation of the annular isthmus results in improved control of @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity1165 associated with @entity583 . Mitral valve replacement is not required unless intrinsic @entity339 is present. These data also suggest that the annular isthmus is a critical component of the reentrant circuit in these @entity591 .

title: Improved results in the operative management of XXXX related to inferior wall @entity1188 . Importance of the annular isthmus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease', 'mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['inferior wall myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: . @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is one of the major causes of @entity5 worldwide. Data from the literature indicate differences between the proliferation rate of endothelial cells relative to the morphology growth type, possibly due to origin of specimens (autopsy material, surgery fragments) or quantification methods. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a factor that stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells. It is expressed in more than 90% of cases of metastatic @entity14 . AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the endothelial cell proliferation and @entity7 expression in @entity5 and corresponding liver metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 24 recent biopsies of @entity5 and corresponding liver metastases of @entity14 cases. @entity2280 / Ki67 double immunostaining and RNA scope assay for @entity7 were performed. RESULTS: In the @entity5 analysis of VEGFmRNA expression indicated no significant correlation with differentiation grade, proliferative and non-proliferative vessels in the intratumoral and peritumoral areas. In contrast, in the corresponding liver metastases, VEGFmRNA expression significantly correlated with the total number of non- proliferative vessels and total number of vessels. @entity2280 / Ki67 double immunostaining in the cases with poorly differentiated @entity189 indicated a high number of proliferating endothelial cells in the peritumoral area and a low number in the intratumoral area for the @entity5 . Moderately differentiated @entity189 of colon showed no proliferating endothelial cells in the intratumoral area in half of the cases included in the study, for both, @entity5 and liver @entity3 . In well differentiated CRCs, in @entity5 , a high proliferation rate of endothelial cells in the intratumoral area and a lower proliferation rate in the peritumoral area were found. A low value was found in corresponding liver @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The absence of proliferative endothelial cells in half of the cases for the @entity5 and liver metastases in moderately differentiated @entity189 suggest a vascular mimicry phenomenon. The mismatch between the total number of vessels and endothelial proliferation in @entity5 indicate that a functional vascular network is already formed or the existence of some mechanisms influenced by other angiogenic factors.

title: Endothelial Cell Proliferation and XXXX Expression in Primary @entity14 and Corresponding Liver Metastases.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cancer death', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal carcinoma', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Hybrid Capture II assay (hc2; QIAGEN, Inc) for high-risk @entity1082 (hrHPV) is an in vitro nucleic acid hybridization assay using chemiluminescence for the qualitative detection of hrHPV DNA in cervical samples. Results are reported as a ratio of relative light units (RLUs) to a cutoff value based on a positive control. Specimens with RLU ratios of 1.0 or higher are scored positive for hrHPV. We tested the hypothesis that hrHPV positives with low-positive RLU ratios (1-10) had a lower prevalence of @entity3146 2,3 ( @entity8046 2,3) on histologic follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relative light unit ratios for 388 consecutive hrHPV-positive cervical cytologic specimens interpreted as @entity10479 ( @entity10479 ) were reviewed. Individual RLU ratios were compared with outcome histologic diagnosis in cases with colposcopic follow-up and tissue sampling (biopsy and/or endocervical curettage; n = 236). RESULTS: Of 236 cases with histologic follow-up, 63 had RLU ratios in the range of 1 to 10; of these, 53 (84.1%) were negative for @entity8046 , 7 (11.1%) had @entity8046 1, 1 (1.6%) had @entity8046 of uncertain grade, and 2 (3.2%) had @entity8046 2,3. The difference in @entity8046 2,3 outcome between RLU ratios of 1 to 10 (3.2%) versus over 10 (17.3%) was significant (p =.0047). The difference in prevalence of @entity8046 1 was not significant (p =.67). CONCLUSIONS: An RLU ratio of 10 or less was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of @entity8046 2,3 on biopsy outcome after a Pap test result of @entity10479 . The much lower prevalence of underlying @entity8046 2,3 in @entity1 who are weakly HPV-positive may justify modification of the management algorithm for this subset of @entity1 with @entity10479 .

title: A weakly positive @entity1082 Hybrid Capture II result correlates with a significantly lower risk of @entity3146 2,3 after XXXX cytology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['ASCUS', 'atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity10479 :: (MESH:D065309,Disease) :: ['atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mutations in the type 2 vasopressin receptor gene ( @entity17367 ) underlie @entity3040 ( @entity3040 ). Here, we report on a family with a mutation in @entity17367 , @entity21401 ( @entity21402 ). This recurrently identified mutation was previously shown to abolish @entity17367 function, yet in some affected members, urine osmolalities of up to 570 mosm/kg were observed. We detail the variable clinical phenotype and investigate its molecular basis. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical data and in vitro assessment of wild-type and @entity21402 -mutant receptors. RESULTS: Clinical data were available on 6 @entity1 . Four of these demonstrated a substantial increase in urinary concentration after 1-desamino[8-D-arginine] vasopressin, consistent with partial @entity3040 , while 2 did not respond. In vitro analysis revealed a reduced cell surface expression and decreased binding affinity for @entity369 -vasopressin of the mutant receptor, leading to blunted signaling activity. Treatment with the pharmacological chaperone @entity21403 enhanced cell surface expression. CONCLUSION: The @entity21402 mutation is associated with phenotypical diversity, which may be explained by the fact that both the expression level and the hormone-binding affinity are affected by the mutation. Our results provide a rational basis for treatment trials with @entity1951 analogues in combination with pharmacologic chaperones in @entity1 with this recurrently identified mutation.

title: Vasopressin type 2 receptor @entity21402 mutation: molecular basis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['NDI', 'X-linked recessive nephrogenic diabetes insipidus']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity3040 :: (MESH:D018500,Disease) :: ['partial and complete nephrogenic diabetes insipidus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recurrence rates for open repair of ventral/incisonal @entity547 historically range from 6% for the classic Rives-Stoppa repair to 35-45% for some of the techniques more commonly used in the United States. We report a modification to the classic Rives-Stoppa repair that allows intraperitoneal placement of the prosthetic, secured with a running suture. The abdominal muscles are closed over the mesh to protect it from any superficial wound problems that might develop and to restore normal architecture of the abdominal wall. METHOD: A chart review was undertaken on all @entity1 undergoing open ventral incisional @entity547 repair by a single surgeon from 2000 to 2006. All @entity547 were repaired with the intraperitoneal modification mimicking the principles of the Rives-Stoppa repair. @entity1 characteristics and operative and postoperative data were collected. Primary outcome was recurrence of @entity547 . Secondary outcomes were complications and rate of @entity281 . RESULTS: One hundred and fifteen @entity1 were evaluated. Thirty-four @entity1 had repair of recurrent @entity4037 . The average @entity1 was @entity28 , female, and 59 years old. Twenty-five @entity1 used @entity286 , eleven were @entity6 , and seven used chronic corticosteroids. Meshes utilized included ePTFE, coated @entity2635 , coated @entity7502 , and biologic mesh. Average size of mesh was 465.4 cm2. There were four recurrences (3.4%), three of which were due to @entity281 requiring mesh removal. Recurrence rate not secondary to mesh removal was 0.9%. Complications occurred in 26% with @entity2080 formation being the most frequent (16%). CONCLUSION: The intraperitoneal modification to the original Rives-Stoppa repair leads to a very low recurrence rate for large @entity4037 repairs with minimal complications and low rate of @entity281 .

title: Intraperitoneal modification of the Rives-Stoppa repair for large incisional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mesh infection']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia', 'ventral hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: Genetic variations in the @entity1675 /C3/A4/A5 gene cluster have been studied and proposed to be the leading key for susceptibility to @entity65 and @entity74 . We aimed to investigate the associations of @entity24034 ( @entity1675 ) and @entity24035 ( @entity23353 ) polymorphisms and their haplotypes with some age-related diseases, as well as with lipids and proteins serum levels in a cohort from a Brazilian Elderly Longitudinal Study (EPIDOSO). Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Statistical analyses were carried out using logistic regression analysis, Student's t-test, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. Polymorphic allele frequencies were 0.095 and 0.449 for @entity24034 and @entity24035 , respectively. The C-allele of @entity24035 was associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.022) and glycated hemoglobin levels (P = 0.020). We also showed that @entity24034 and @entity24035 were in LD. The GC haplotype, which is composed of the G-allele of @entity24034 and the C-allele of @entity24035 , was significantly associated with @entity28 (P = 0.028), with higher glycated hemoglobin (P = 0.006), and fasting @entity413 (P = 0.0003) compared to the TT haplotype, which includes the wild-type alleles of both polymorphisms. Moreover, we found an association between the TC haplotype and higher HDL levels (P = 0.0039). This is the first time that haplotypes involving these polymorphisms were evaluated. Our results showed that these polymorphisms were involved in the development of @entity28 and in alterations of lipids and proteins serum levels in a Brazilian population. The present findings might also clarify the role of these polymorphisms and their haplotypes in lipids and proteins metabolism.

title: @entity1675 /A5 variants and haplotypes as a risk factor for XXXX and better lipid profiles in a Brazilian Elderly Cohort.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['age-associated disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: 1. @entity2124 -deficient hypopituitary adults often complain of @entity425 and @entity1295 . The cause of the @entity1295 is unknown but could be an increased proportion of fast, fatiguable, type 2 fibres in the muscle. The aim of this study was to examine the contractile properties of the quadriceps muscle in a group of these @entity1 compared with healthy controls. Changes in these properties were also examined in a small subset of the @entity1 following @entity2124 replacement. 2. Isometric strength, half-relaxation time from a twitch (t1/2) and the force-frequency relationship were measured using electrically evoked contractions in 14 @entity2124 -deficient @entity1 and 14 age- and sex-matched controls. Six @entity1 were restudied following 6-24 month's replacement therapy with @entity2124 (daily dose 0.04 +/- 0.01 i.u./kg). 3. The @entity2124 -deficient @entity1 had a significantly lower t1/2 than the controls (46.1 +/- 6.1 ms versus 56.1 +/- 10.5 ms respectively; P = 0.0072; mean +/- SD). The 10/100% ratio was also significantly lower in growth-hormone-deficient @entity1 (38.6 +/- 9.9% versus 52.3 +/- 8.0%; P = 0.0005), as was muscle strength (349 +/- 99 N versus 493 +/- 215 N; P = 0.036). Following @entity2124 replacement, muscle strength increased significantly (P < 0.05). The 10/100% ratio also increased towards control values, but this change was not significant. 4. These results demonstrate that the relaxation times of the quadriceps are significantly shorter and that the force-frequency relationship shifted to the right in @entity2124 -deficient @entity1 , which is consistent with a greater proportion of type 2 fibres within the muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Contractile properties of the quadriceps muscle in XXXX -deficient hypopituitary adults.

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Widespread contamination of @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ) in the marine environment draws a great concern over its ecotoxicological impact on marine mammals and wildlife. In the present study, male @entity7021 ( @entity7021 ) was adapted to seawater to mimic the marine environment and was then exposed to the nominal concentrations of 10, 50, 100 mg L(-1) @entity2207 for 7d. There were no impact on survival, relative liver and gonad size, and condition factor (measure of growth) at any concentration tested. Peroxisomal @entity8595 oxidase (ACO) activity was elevated at the highest dose with a marginal significance (P=0.06). The increase of ACO activity was paralleled by the significant upregulation of @entity22254 expression at the same dose. @entity2207 induced a significant inhibition of catalase (CAT) activity at high doses with no changes of @entity224 dismutase (SOD) or @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) activities in the liver. These results strongly suggest that @entity2207 may induce peroxisomal @entity844 oxidation and impose the oxidative stress through the alteration of cellular oxidative homeostasis in the liver. @entity2207 increased the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-a and IL-1b, suggesting that it may be involved in @entity32 and tissue injury. This study may contribute to understanding the mechanism of @entity2207 -induced @entity99 in @entity7021 and assessing the potential risk of @entity2207 in marine fish and wildlife. In addition, the present results obtained at the high concentrations may provide important biological endpoints relevant to situations such as environmental spills.

title: @entity2206 induces peroxisomal @entity844 oxidation and cytokine expression in the liver of male XXXX ( @entity7021 ).

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['Oryzias latipes', 'Japanese medaka']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['Japanese medaka']


abstract: A genomic clone (19 kb) harboring the intron-exon sequences and the promoter-regulatory region of the @entity3418 gene of @entity1 @entity2388 dehydrogenase complex was isolated by screening a placental genomic library. The @entity377 sequence of the promoter region (1245 bp) showed 18 differences (including mismatches, insertions, and deletions) as compared to the published sequence [Koike et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 5594-5597]. The @entity3418 promoter lacked a TATA box homology but contained initiator sequences (two) and @entity3419 sites (three) which are frequently found in TATA-less promoters. The @entity3420 footprinting pattern of the promoter region with crude @entity35 liver nuclear extracts showed at least seven regions of protein binding and nuclease protection (P1-P7). The @entity3420 protected regions contained consensus @entity377 sequences recognized by @entity3421 , @entity3419 , IgNF-A, Lva, bicoid Q9, NF-kB, HNF-5, H4TF-1, @entity3422 , and ADH transription factors. Transient expression of @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) suggested the possible presence of negative elements located within the sequence from -2316 to -930, whereas deletion constructs containing -929 to +32 and -98 to +32 DNA sequences showed approximately 7- and 20-fold increases in CAT activity over the basal CAT activity. Additional studies indicated the presence of an orientation-dependent cis element (or elements) within the region from -282 to -397 that acts as an enhancer or a repressor upon a heterologous @entity1014 kinase promoter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Characterization of the promoter regulatory region of the @entity1 XXXX dehydrogenase beta gene.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: The influence of thyroid hormones on the turnover of cytoplasmic @entity172 receptors in the liver, kidney and uterus of intact and ovariectomized female @entity35 was studied under in vivo conditions. Thyroidectomy had no significant effect on the receptor level in the uterus but caused a substantial reduction of the receptor content in the liver and kidney. In livers of intact and ovariectomized animals receptor values were reduced with 70 and 80%, respectively, 30 days after thyroidectomy. Substitution with @entity1954 (T3) restored the hepatic @entity172 receptor concentration in thyroidectomized @entity35 to the preoperative level. If @entity35 that had been both ovariectomized and thyroidectomized were substituted with thyroid hormone for the same time period, the receptor level was increased but did not reach the level seen in animals that had been ovariectomized only. The effects of thyroid hormone substitution was found to be dose dependent and paradoxical. Thus, a high dose of 50 micrograms/day of @entity1954 given to intact animals for nine days caused a 30% reduction in the hepatic receptor content. The same level of reduction was seen in the ovariectomized @entity35 given a hormone dose of only 1 micrograms/day. When this type of @entity35 was treated with the higher dose of @entity1954 the reduction in hepatic @entity172 receptors was 50%. These results are discussed in relation to existing information concerning the multihormonal regulation of @entity172 receptor concentration in the @entity35 liver.

title: Effects of thyroid hormones on the receptor level in XXXX target organs.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Drug-induced stuttering has been described in association with several drugs, in particular antidepressants and low-potency neuroleptics. Here we describe a case series of stuttering induced by the atypical neuroleptics @entity1037 and @entity1088 . @entity1 receiving neuroleptic treatment were carefully screened for stuttering as a possible side effect. We have studied all @entity1 in the outpatient department (800 per year) as well as most inpatients (1300 per year) within 3 years. Seven cases of drug-induced stuttering were observed. Six @entity1 suffered from stuttering in association with @entity1037 treatment, and one received @entity1088 . Stuttering arose on average 2-21 days after initiation of treatment and ceased 2-5 days after discontinuation. Most @entity1 suffered from additional diseases, such as @entity75 due to cortical @entity194 or celiac disease, or received concomitant medication (i.e. intrathecal @entity1286 pump). Our case series suggests that the atypical neuroleptic @entity1037 can induce stuttering in the absence of a history of stuttering without accompanying @entity2146 or general decline of function. It appears that preexisting @entity75 or concomitant anti-depressant medication might predispose some @entity1 to this side effect.

title: @entity1037 - and XXXX -induced stuttering. A case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain pathology']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['clozapine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present visual acuity (VA) and related findings from @entity1 enrolled in one of the Submacular Surgery Trials (SST) evaluating surgical removal versus observation of subfoveal @entity1940 secondary to age-related @entity1020 (SST Group N Trial). DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : Eligible @entity1 had age-related @entity1020 with subfoveal @entity1940 , some with a classic pattern on @entity941 angiography, and best-corrected VA (BCVA) of 20/100 to 20/800 in one eye (study eye) that had received no treatment in the macula. Any contiguous blood had to account for <50% of the total area occupied by the subfoveal lesion (maximum size, 9.0 disc areas [22.9 mm2]). METHODS: Randomization was stratified by VA and by clinical center. All @entity1 were scheduled for study examinations at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after enrollment for assessment of study outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A successful outcome was defined a priori to be either improvement of BCVA or VA no more than 1 line (7 letters) worse than baseline at the 24-month examination. RESULTS: Of 454 @entity1 enrolled, 228 study eyes were assigned to observation and 226 to surgery. The percentages of eyes that had successful outcomes were similar in the 2 arms: 44% assigned to observation and 41% assigned to surgery. Median VA losses from baseline to the 24-month examination were 2.1 lines (10.5 letters) in the observation arm and 2.0 lines (10 letters) in the surgery arm. Median VA declined from 20/100 at baseline to 20/400 at 24 months in both arms. No subgroup of @entity1 was identified in which submacular surgery led to better VA outcomes. In the surgery arm, 55 (39%) of 142 initially phakic eyes had @entity231 surgery by the 24-month examination, compared with 6 (5%) of 133 eyes in the observation arm. @entity1713 occurred in 12 surgery eyes (5%) and 1 observation eye. CONCLUSIONS: Submacular surgery, as performed in this clinical trial, did not improve or preserve VA for 24 months in more eyes than observation and is not recommended for @entity1 with similar lesions. This article contains additional online-only material available at http://www.ophsource.com/periodicals/ophtha.

title: Surgery for subfoveal XXXX in age-related @entity1020 : ophthalmic findings: SST report no. 11.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is the final stage of various @entity299 , and is increasingly recognized as a major health problem in the elderly. Previous studies demonstrated that B  -type  -natriuretic peptide ( @entity3876 ) is an established biomarker of @entity712 . Furthermore, @entity3876 also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent evidence has revealed that @entity3876 affects myocardial cell apoptosis during @entity741  -reperfusion injury. Long non  -coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as novel molecular compounds involved in gene regulation, and have important roles in numerous @entity1 diseases. However, the mechanism underlying the @entity3876 and lncRNA-induced regulation of myocardial cell apoptosis remains to be elucidated. The present study reported that lncRNA @entity20457 , upregulated by @entity3876 , is able to regulate myocardial cell apoptosis via the activation of the @entity9302 /interleukin (IL)  -1b signaling pathway. @entity3876 -induced apoptosis of HCM cells was observed using flow cytometry, and involved @entity9302 . In addition, expression profiling using a @entity1 lncRNA polymerase chain reaction array revealed that @entity20457 was highly expressed in @entity3876 -treated myocardial cells, as compared with untreated cells. The role of lncRNA @entity20457 in HCM cell apoptosis was also investigated. The results of the present study indicated that @entity20457 silencing by small interfering RNA inhibits @entity9302 /IL  -1b signaling, and suppresses apoptosis in @entity3876 -treated HCM cells. Therefore, high expression levels of @entity3876 promote the apoptosis of myocardial cells through the lncRNA @entity20457 mediator, which activates the @entity9302 /IL  -1b signaling pathway. These findings uncovered a novel pathogenic mechanism, and provided a potential therapeutic target for @entity712 .

title: Increased B-type-natriuretic peptide promotes myocardial cell apoptosis via the B-type-natriuretic peptide/long non-coding RNA @entity20457 / XXXX /interleukin 1b signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

answer: @entity9302 :: (834,Gene) :: ['caspase-1']


abstract: Trophoblast subpopulations were analyzed by their antigen expressions in normal pregnancy and @entity1469 . Samples were taken from uteri which were removed surgically. Frozen sections were stained by an avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex method, using monoclonal antibodies to HLA antigens and anti- @entity5960 antibody. Troma 1, a rat monoclonal antibody, was used for the identification of trophoblasts. The results were as follows: Troma 1 reacted with all trophoblasts specifically and could be used as a trophoblast marker in sections. @entity2149 ,C was negative on syncytiotrophoblast and villous cytotrophoblast but positive on nonvillous cytotrophoblast in normal pregnancy and hydatidiform mole. Some @entity1466 cells were positive for @entity2149 ,C and they were intermediate to large cytotrophoblast-like cells. No trophoblasts were positive for HLA-DR. @entity5960 was positive on villous cytotrophoblast in normal pregnancy and hydatidiform mole. Some @entity1466 cells were positive for @entity5960 and they were exclusively negative for @entity1529 ,B,C. From these immunohistochemical findings, trophoblasts of normal pregnancy and hydatidiform mole were divided into syncytiotrophoblast, villous cytotrophoblast, and nonvillous cytotrophoblast. @entity1466 cells were classified into syncytiotrophoblast-like cells and three kinds of cytotrophoblast-like cells. They were analogous to those of normal pregnancy and hydatidiform mole to some extent, but a @entity1466 -specific subpopulation which was negative for @entity1529 ,B,C, HLA-DR, and @entity5960 was recognized.

title: [Immunohistochemical study on trophoblast subpopulations in normal pregnancy and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['Choriocarcinoma', 'choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblastic disease']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['trophoblastic disease']


abstract: Cathepsins are specific proteases in lysosomes that participate in the degradation of proteins, some of which are derived from endocytosis. In this study we examined the immunocytochemical localization of @entity8647 and D antibodies in cells of @entity35 testis and epididymis, using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. In testis, @entity12827 was immunolocalized over lysosomes of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells and on the acrosome of spermatids. @entity8647 was found over lysosomes of macrophages. Non-ciliated cells of the efferent ducts revealed intense immunogold labeling over lysosomes with both anti- @entity8647 and D antibodies. In epididymis, @entity19748 showed marked variations in expression over the different epithelial cells and regional differences for a given cell type. Anti- @entity12827 antibodies showed intense labeling over lysosomes of principal cells in the corpus and proximal cauda. In contrast, anti- @entity8647 antibodies revealed intensely labeled lysosomes of principal cells of the distal initial segment, intermediate zone, and caput epididymidis, with weaker labeling in other regions. Clear cells of the proximal caput epididymidis revealed intensely labeled lysosomes for anti- @entity12827 antibodies. In the distal caput, clear cells showed a variable reaction pattern from intensely labeled to unreactive. Basal cells of teh intermediate zone and proximal caput region were intensely reactive for anti- @entity12827 antibodies. There was no staining over clear or basal cells with anti- @entity8647 antibodies. Taken together, these results demonstrate cell-specific and regional differences in the distribution of @entity19748 in cells of the male reproductive system. Such results suggest substrate specificity with regard to protein turnover within lysosomes of cells of testis and epididymis.

title: Differential expression of @entity19748 in testis and epididymis of adult XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Spontaneously occurring @entity4282 without any identified etiology is a rare phenomenon. These are often neurosurgical @entity341 ; therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment are paramount. Because of the rarity of this condition, we illustrated its presentation, evaluation and management in this recent case. CASE: A 63-year-old male presented to our emergency room with right-sided @entity1269 and @entity1183 , consistent with a C5 @entity10302 . An initial evaluation for @entity385 was unremarkable, including a negative brain computerized tomography imaging. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cervical @entity4282 . The @entity1 underwent emergent laminectomy for decompression and evacuation of the @entity1410 within 24 hours of presentation to the emergency room. The @entity1 's symptoms improved remarkably after surgery and a 4th-month follow-up MRI evaluation was normal. CONCLUSION: This report highlights the various presentations, evaluation, and management options for this rare diagnosis. It emphasizes the necessity of prompt diagnosis for possible emergent intervention.

title: @entity4282 causing XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity10302 :: ('MESH:D018437', 'Disease') :: ['Brown-Sequard syndrome']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity10302 :: (MESH:D018437,Disease) :: ['Brown-Sequard syndrome']


abstract: This study evaluates the impact of pediatric @entity293 (UTI)s on the economy and inpatient healthcare utilization in the USA. A retrospective analysis of @entity1 demographics and hospital economics was performed on @entity1 less than 18 years of age admitted with a UTI between 2000 and 2006 using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database. Our results were stratified as follows. Hospital admissions-nearly 50,000 @entity1 /year were admitted with a UTI. Pediatric UTIs represented 1.8% of all pediatric hospitalizations. Seventy-three percent of @entity1 were female and 40% were under 1 year of age. Payer information-from 2000 to 2006, pediatric insurance coverage shifted from the private sector to the public sector. Hospital cost-in 2000, estimated hospital costs for UTIs were  2,858 per hospitalization and rose to  3,838 by 2006. Mean hospital charges increased from  6,279 to  10,489 per stay. By 2006, aggregate hospital charges exceeded  520 million. Our results indicate that UTIs are among the most common pediatric admission diagnoses. Hospitalization is more common in females and younger @entity1 . Since 2000, hospital charges for UTIs increased disproportionately to hospital costs. Over time, more @entity1 hospitalized with a UTI depend on public agencies to cover healthcare expense. More efforts are needed to evaluate cost-effective strategies for evaluation and treatment of UTIs.

title: XXXX : an analysis of hospitalizations, charges, and costs in the USA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['Pediatric urinary tract infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: Because several polypeptide growth factors are known to influence capillary endothelial cell mitogenesis, the authors investigated the presence of some of these molecules in choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) removed surgically from @entity1 subjects with @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). METHODS: The authors performed immunoelectron microscopic studies on surgically removed submacular CNVMs from nine subjects with @entity1020 and from one subject with @entity1020 whose eye was studied after death. These were compared with @entity989 ( @entity989 ) and choroidal tissue from eight normal subjects whose eyes were received after death and one received after massive @entity130 . RESULTS: @entity989 cells from the CNVMs were strongly immunoreactive for acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity6898 and @entity540 ) and for @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ). Some of the immunoreactivity was intracytoplasmic, but most was intralysosomal. In addition, some choriocapillary endothelial cells located close to the @entity989 layer in these CNVMs were immunopositive for @entity540 and for @entity7991 . Reaction product for these two substances was located at regular intervals along the endothelial plasma membrane on both the anteluminal and the luminal side of the cells, suggesting a physiological reaction between the growth factor and its receptor. @entity1358 were unreactive to @entity540 and @entity7991 antibodies. There was little immunoreactivity for the growth factors in @entity989 or choriocapillary endothelial cells from normal eyes. The @entity6898 and @entity540 immunoreactivity was highly specific because @entity6898 positivity was abolished when the antibody was incubated with 10(-6) M @entity6898 but not a with the same concentration of @entity540 , whereas @entity540 immunoreactivity was abolished by incubation of the antibody with @entity540 but not with @entity6898 . @entity989 cells from normal eyes and from eyes affected by @entity1020 showed strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity to antibodies for cytoplasmic @entity5995 -binding protein and @entity224 dismutase and weak reactivity to antibodies for @entity2277 . CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that one or both FGFs are causally related to the development of @entity1940 . The authors have reported similar observations in experimental @entity1940 in pigmented @entity35 after red krypton laser photocoagulation. @entity2533 may serve to modulate the effects of these mitogens. The authors suggest that growth factor production is induced in @entity989 cells after physical or chemical damage. Because of the damage to these cells, FGF molecules can be released from the cells despite the absence of a "signal sequence" in the DNA coding for FGF production.

title: Growth factor localization in choroidal neovascular membranes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta', 'TGF beta']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Choriocapillary endothelial cells deeper within the stroma']

entities_list: @entity5995 :: ('MESH:D012172', 'Chemical') :: ['retinaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelial', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['ARMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal reliability, construct validity, and ease of administration of a @entity1902 severity score, the modified Vesikari score (MVS), which does not require in- @entity1 assessment. METHODS: The MVS was created by replacing 1 variable (percent dehydration) in the original score with the need for future health care visits. We used the MVS to assess the global severity of disease in a cohort of @entity1 3 to 48 months of age with @entity697 who were evaluated in 1 of 11 participating pediatric emergency departments. In this prospective study, caregivers recorded symptoms at home in a diary and reported the results via telephone at follow-up evaluation 14 days later. To evaluate internal reliability, we examined correlations between the items included in the score. Construct validity was evaluated by assessing the correlation between the total score and other proxy outcomes of disease severity, MVS distribution, and consistency between sites. RESULTS: A total of 455 @entity1 were enrolled, and 415 were successfully contacted for follow-up evaluation. Internal reliability was acceptable, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.59. Disease severity was correlated with day care (P = .01) and work (P = .002) absenteeism. The MVS was normally distributed, and mean scores did not differ between the 11 sites. CONCLUSIONS: The MVS seems to measure effectively the global severity of disease in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity697 . These data support the use of the MVS as an outcome measure in future clinical trials.

title: Evaluation of a XXXX severity score for use in outpatient settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis disease']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6037 Background: Modern health care systems tend to unite a few hospitals. Besides financial reasons, this reveals general treatment and diagnostic trends, more efficient approaches for conducting clinical trials and research. It also helps to identify the areas which need improvement and to dedicate resources where certain diseases are prevalent. Hospitals often care for groups with different demographic characteristics. Combining hospital data for overall analyses may overlook the health care profiles particular to the demographic group at a particular hospital. METHODS: We analyzed @entity2 data for stages 0 through 4 for 1,412 @entity1 from the @entity5 registry of three hospitals in the New York City metropolitan area; one was a public hospital, Nassau University Medical Center (NUMC) with @entity1 typically of lower income (n=351), while the other two were private hospitals, North Shore University Hospital (NSUH) (n=680) and @entity580 ( @entity580 ) (n=381), with @entity1 typically of moderate to higher income. As appropriate, the Pearson Chi square or the @entity16043 's exact test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Smaller percentages of @entity1 were diagnosed with stages 0 and 1 @entity2 at NUMC (8.55%) versus either NSUH (36.18%, p<0.001) or @entity580 (35.70%, (p<0.001). The opposite was observed for advance stage disease of @entity5 where NUMC had significantly greater percentages (59.54%) than either NSUH (38.53%, p<0.001) or @entity580 (34.38%, (p<0.001). Similar patterns were also observed for adeno- and @entity957 . CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be a disparity between public and private hospitals with regard to stage. NUMC, the public hospital, had lower percentages than the private hospitals of @entity2 in early stages where there could potentially be effective treatments, including cure in 70%, while greater percentages than the private hospitals at stage 4 where there are very few useful treatments. This disparity could be addressed with additional diagnostic procedures. We suggest, that in certain populations such as those seen in public hospitals, the screening topic may be worth revisiting as it may detect @entity2 at earlier stages where it can be effectively treated.

title: Comparative analysis of XXXX in a public hospital versus private hospitals in New York.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage 4 lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Long Island Jewish Hospital', 'LIJ']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Two hundred eighteen @entity1 teeth with surrounding periodontal tissues in different stages of pathogenesis were studied under light microscopy using the "sawing and grinding" technique. This was done without @entity8704 and with special emphasis on the dentogingival junction area so as to study the mechanism of pocket formation. Thirty early, 133 established, and 214 advanced lesions were included. No @entity75 was seen. Pocket formation, provoked by microbacterial plaque, seemed to be initiated by the degenerative changes in the second or third cell layers from the innermost cells in the most coronal part of the junctional epithelium facing the microbial plaque. Consequently, an intraepithelial cleavage was formed followed by the degeneration and desquamation of the cells lining the split. This resulted in a deep crevice and @entity5951 formation in both early and established lesions. In advanced lesions, the deep pocket epithelium was exposed for such a long distance adjacent to the plaque and @entity1608 , that the epithelium could be directly affected by toxic bacterial products and mechanical irritation of @entity1608 . Finally, the epithelium became very thin and ulcerated, and a typical periodontal pocket was formed. The disruption of the epithelial barrier along with the concomitant penetration of bacteria and/or their toxic products were considered to be the most significant factors related to the conversion of an established lesion to an @entity146 .

title: The mechanism of pocket formation. A light microscopic study on undecalcified XXXX material.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lesion']

entities_list: @entity8704 :: ('MESH:D003649', 'Disease') :: ['decalcification']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initial lesion']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['gingival pocket']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-malignant @entity1118 (NMCP) is one of the most common reasons for primary care visits. @entity158 management health care disparities have been documented in relation to @entity1 gender, race, and socioeconomic status. Although not studied in relation to @entity1118 management, studies have found that living in a rural community in the US is associated with health care disparities. Rurality as a social determinant of health may influence opioid prescribing. We examined rural and non-rural differences in opioid prescribing patterns for NMCP management, hypothesizing that distinct from education, income, racial or gender differences, rural residency is a significant and independent factor in opioid prescribing patterns. METHODS: 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data were examined using bivariate and multivariate techniques. NAMCS data were collected using a multi-stage sampling strategy. For the multivariate analysis performed the SPSS complex samples algorithm for logistic regression was used. RESULTS: In 2010 an estimated 9,325,603 US adults (weighted from a sample of 2745) seen in primary care clinics had a diagnosis of NMCP; 36.4% were prescribed an opioid. For US adults with a NMCP diagnosis bivariate analysis revealed rural residents had higher odds of having an opioid prescription than similar non-rural adults (OR   =   1.515, 95% CI 1.513-1.518). Complex samples logistic regression analysis confirmed the importance of rurality and yielded that US adults with NMCP who were prescribed an opioid had higher odds of: being non-Caucasian (AOR =2.459, 95% CI 1.194-5.066), and living in a rural area (AOR =2.935, 95% CI 1.416-6.083). CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly indicated that rurality is an important factor in opioid prescribing patterns that cannot be ignored and bears further investigation. Further research on the growing concern about the over-prescribing of opioids in the US should now include rurality as a variable in data generation and analysis. Future research should also attempt to document the ecological, sociological and political factors impacting opioid prescribing and care in rural communities. Prescribers and health care policy makers need to critically evaluate the implications of our findings and their relationship to @entity1 needs, best practices in a rural setting, and the overall consequences of increased opioid prescribing on rural communities.

title: Opioid prescribing patterns for non-malignant XXXX for rural versus non-rural US adults: a population-based study using 2010 NAMCS data.

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']