abstract: BACKGROUND: Development of surgical therapy for @entity449 has led to treatment of the life-threatening @entity65 associated with @entity1614 . The present study determines the effect of surgical therapy on the life expectancy of @entity1 with @entity1614 and the clinical course of these @entity1 after @entity449 repair. METHODS AND RESULTS: Medical records were reviewed on 192 @entity1 with @entity1614 who underwent @entity449 repair during the past 26 years; 103 @entity1 were interviewed, and complete preoperative and postoperative medical information was obtained. Survival curves were generated, and data were analyzed. The median cumulative probability of survival was 61 years, significantly increased compared with the median survival of 47 years for @entity1 with @entity1614 determined 30 years ago (P < .0006). The majority of @entity1 (53%) had second surgeries to repair subsequent @entity439 or dissections at other sites, the vast majority of which involved the aorta. The most common pattern of @entity439 repair was proximal ascending @entity449 repair, followed by descending thoracic @entity439 surgery. The following variables predicted @entity1 requiring second vascular surgeries: presence of acute or chronic dissection at the time of the first surgery, @entity101 after the first surgery, and a history of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The life expectancy of @entity1 with @entity1614 undergoing surgical repair of @entity449 has improved and is consistent with increased survival. After initial repair of an ascending @entity449 , a significant number of @entity1 have subsequent surgeries at other sites throughout the aorta, indicating @entity1614 is a disease involving the entire aorta. @entity1 who had a dissection at the time of the first aortic surgery were more likely to require subsequent aortic surgery than were @entity1 who underwent prophylactic composite graft repair of an @entity449 .

title: XXXX . Long-term survival and complications after @entity449 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms', 'aortic aneurysms and dissections']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan syndrome']


abstract: The clearance of @entity1133 , @entity1011 , @entity1522 , @entity2176 , and @entity3174 was measured in vivo in a small animal model during continuous venovenous ( @entity18558 ) hemofiltration, @entity18558 hemodiafiltration, and @entity18558 hemodialysis using a 0.25 m2 @entity2264 hemofilter. Six domestic piglets (weighing 6-11.8 kg) each received 1 hr of all three techniques in random order. Blood flow was 50 ml/min. During @entity18558 hemofiltration, filtrate production was 500 ml/hr and dialysate flow was zero. During @entity18558 hemodiafiltration, filtrate production was 250 ml/hr and dialysate flow was 250 ml/hr. During @entity18558 hemodialysis, net filtrate production was zero and dialysate flow was 500 ml/hr. The ratio of concentration of solute in filter effluent to concentration in whole plasma was derived for each solute during each of the three techniques. Mean (SD) effluent:plasma ratio for @entity1133 during @entity18558 hemofiltration was 0.957 (0.038), @entity18558 hemodiafiltration 0.876 (0.109), and @entity18558 hemodialysis 0.754 (0.123); @entity1011 0.942 (0.05), 0.934 (0.056), and 0.814 (0.057); @entity1522 0.996 (0.344), 0.904 (0.196), and 0.778 (0.18). For small unbound solutes, there is a decrease in clearance of 6% from @entity18558 hemofiltration to @entity18558 hemodiafiltration and a further decrease of 14% from hemodiafiltration to hemodialysis. The effluent:plasma ratio for @entity2176 during @entity18558 hemofiltration was 0.739 (0.082), @entity18558 hemodiafiltration 0.643(0.063), and @entity18558 hemodialysis 0.509 (0.081), corresponding to a decrease of 30% from @entity18558 hemofiltration to @entity18558 hemodialysis. The effluent:plasma ratio for @entity3174 was 0.302 (0.028) during @entity18558 hemofiltration and was not significantly different during @entity18558 hemodiafiltration or @entity18558 hemodialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of solute clearance during continuous hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, and hemodialysis using a XXXX hemofilter.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulfone']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2264 :: (MESH:C017662,Chemical) :: ['polysulfone']


abstract: Macrophages of @entity1 could be extracted in large numbers from the connective tissue using a newly developed, not particularly difficult method. These macrophages were compared with the peritoneal macrophages of @entity19 using light-, scanning and transmission electron-microscopic methods. The sterility of the cell suspension and the high yield of macrophages has allowed the first in vitro study of histiocytes to take place, in contrast to the classic 'microexudate-coated surface method'. The activity of the @entity1 in comparison with peritoneal @entity19 macrophages has been evaluated using numerous histochemical and immunological techniques. These methods prove a modulation of the macrophage activity of healthy @entity1 and @entity19 under exemplary conditions of extremely strenuous physical exercising, in accordance with earlier experimental findings on animals alone. The degenerative changes which occur under these experimental conditions in the skeletal muscular system show an invasion of cells of the immune system, which are integrated into an explanation of the increased activity of macrophages. These results find their place in a new theoretical concept supporting the general validity of the co-operation of macrophages and other cells of the immune system in pathological degeneration and regeneration processes in the skeletal muscular system. It has been shown that the increased activity of @entity1 and @entity19 macrophages brought about by extreme strenuous physical exercising, insofar as one is able to order them into a progressive scheme of stress happenings, fit very well into the concepts of the 'alarm reaction' phase. The activity of macrophages proves to be sensitive to the mediators of @entity5 of mesenchymal origin, with respect to the initial stage of phagocytosis, to the further biochemical deterioration, to the @entity137 and to the amount of cells; this, however, is not able to halt the rapid growth of @entity242 in a long term experiment. The proof of a weakened migration of macrophages in @entity242 -bearing animals raises the interest in those substances which are able to positively modulate the migration activity. On the one hand the migratory performance of macrophages in @entity242 -bearing animals in a short-term experiment was increased by the introduction of an anabolic @entity134 hormone. On the other hand, however, a different degree of success was registered for the further parameters of macrophage activity during short- and long-term experimental investigations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The XXXX macrophage system: activity and functional morphology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether the frequency of pelvic @entity158 recurrence is reduced and time to symptoms recurrence is prolonged in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity46 undergoing conservative surgery and post-operative hormonal therapy compared with @entity1 treated with surgery only. Pregnancy rates and time to conception in @entity1 wanting @entity1 were also evaluated. DESIGN: A multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled study. SETTING: Nineteen Italian academic departments and teaching hospitals specialising in reparative and reconstructive surgery. POPULATION: A total of 269 @entity1 undergoing conservative surgery for mild to severe symptomatic @entity46 . METHODS: After surgery the @entity1 were assigned to treatment with subcutaneous goserelin depot injections for six months or to expectant management. Dysmenorrhoea, @entity546 , @entity158 and general discomfort were graded according to a verbal rating scale from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe) and the scores summed to give a total symptoms score. Only @entity1 with at least one preoperative moderate or severe symptom were enrolled. The @entity1 were evaluated regularly for two years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Post-operative @entity158 recurrences (total symptoms scores > or = 5), time to recurrence, pregnancy rates and time to conception in the two study groups. RESULTS: At one- and two-year follow up visits, 14/107 (13.1%) and 19/81 (23.5%) @entity1 had moderate or severe symptoms recurrence in the goserelin group compared with, respectively, 22/103 (21.4%) and 27/74 (36.5%) in the expectant management group (P = 0.143 at 1 year and 0.082 at 2 years). Time to symptoms recurrence was significantly longer in the @entity10925 group according to survival analysis (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.041). Among @entity1 wanting @entity1 , few conceptions occurred in both the goserelin (8/69, 11.6%) and the expectant management group (14/76, 18.4%). There was no significant difference at survival analysis (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.427). CONCLUSION: Post-operative treatment with goserelin significantly prolonged the @entity158 -free interval after conservative surgery for symptomatic @entity46 and did not influence reproductive prognosis.

title: A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist compared with expectant management after conservative surgery for symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10925 :: ('MESH:D017273', 'Chemical') :: ['goserelin']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nonmenstrual pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['deep dyspareunia']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) disproportionately impacts Latino youth yet few @entity6 prevention programs address this important source of health disparities. OBJECTIVES: To address this knowledge gap, we describe the rationale, design, and methodology underpinning a culturally-grounded @entity2175 prevention program for @entity28 Latino youth. The study aims to: 1) to test the efficacy of the intervention for reducing @entity2175 risk, 2) explore potential mediators and moderators of changes in health behaviors and health outcomes and, 3) examine the incremental cost-effectiveness for reducing @entity2175 risk. Latino adolescents (N=160, age 14-16) will be randomized to either a 3-month intensive lifestyle intervention or a control condition. The intervention consists of weekly health education delivered by bilingual/bicultural promotores and 3 moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) sessions/week. Control youth receive health information and results from their laboratory testing. @entity2690 sensitivity, @entity413 tolerance, and weight-specific quality of life are assessed at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. We will explore whether enhanced self-efficacy and/or social support mediate improvements in nutrition/PA behaviors and @entity2175 outcomes. We will also explore whether effects are moderated by sex and/or acculturation. Cost-effectiveness from the health system perspective will be estimated by the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using changes in @entity2690 sensitivity at 12-months. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will provide much needed information on how @entity2175 prevention interventions for @entity28 Latino youth are developed, implemented and evaluated. This innovative approach is an essential step in the development of scalable, cost-effective, solution oriented programs to prevent @entity2175 in this and other high-risk populations.

title: Culturally-grounded @entity6 prevention program for XXXX Latino youth: Rationale, design, and methods.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Oral antidiabetics have comparable safety and efficacy when used as fixed-dose combination therapies (FDCT) or loose-pill combination therapies (LPCT) for @entity1 with T2DM. To evaluate alternative outcomes to safety and efficacy with FDCT, a systematic review of literature was conducted. METHODS: Searches of Medline/Embase databases from 1998 to 2009 used predefined terms: 'fixed-dose combination', 'loose-dose combination' and ' @entity6 '. Abstracts were reviewed from ISPOR, ADA, and EASD meetings (1998-2009). T2DM studies reporting adherence, @entity1 -reported outcomes, costs, resource use or cost effectiveness were included. RESULTS: Seventeen studies met the search criteria. Seven studies reported adherence. Adherence was 10-13% higher for FDCT than LPCT in @entity1 starting combination therapy. Adherence decreased 1.5% and 10.0% when switching from monotherapy to combination therapy for FDCT and LPCT respectively (p   <   0.001). Switching to FDCT increased adherence 3.5%-12.4%, while remaining on LPCT changed adherence -1.5% to 5.0% (p   <   0.005). For @entity1 newly initiating OAD medication, one study found no adherence advantage for FDCT compared with monotherapy or LPCT. Five RCTs reported treatment satisfaction. Four publications reported @entity1 preferred FDCT using the @entity6 Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ). One publication reported improved satisfaction for one DTSQ subscale. Five abstracts reported economic outcomes. Two abstracts determined @entity1 on FDCT used fewer healthcare resources and had decreased direct monthly healthcare costs versus LPCT. Two cost-effectiveness analyses determined clinical benefits from clinical trials translate into cost savings and increased life expectancy. One budget impact model reported minimal budget impact. LIMITATIONS: (1) There was limited published literature identified in this review. (2) FDCT are oral medications; these findings may only be relevant to those individuals taking an oral antidiabetic therapy. (3) Publication and reporting biases may exist. CONCLUSIONS: The published literature suggested that T2DM @entity1 treated with FDCT may have better adherence, improved satisfaction, and lower direct medical costs, compared to those treated with LPCT.

title: A systematic review of adherence, treatment satisfaction and costs, in fixed-dose combination regimens in type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Light and electron microscopic studies were performed to assess the pathology induced by @entity15112 (3MI) in @entity35 and Swiss-Webster @entity19 . @entity35 have not been established as a susceptible species to 3MI-induced @entity358 , whereas @entity19 are known to be a good model for this pneumotoxicity. Therefore, @entity19 were used as a comparison species for pneumotoxicity studies in the @entity35 . @entity35 were as susceptible to 3MI-mediated @entity137 as @entity19 . The loss of Clara cells in the bronchiolar epithelium was the major @entity358 in both species. Alveolar cells in the lungs of either species were not damaged. The only other lesion in the @entity35 was that the nasal epithelium was totally eroded in caudal areas of the sinuses. @entity2041 was depleted by 3MI in pulmonary tissues of @entity19 and @entity35 . Maximal depletion (53% of control values) occurred in @entity35 lung. This work demonstrates that both rodent species are susceptible to 3MI-induced @entity358 .

title: Pathology and @entity2041 status in XXXX -treated rodents.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity15112 :: ('MESH:D012862', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylindole']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesion', 'pulmonary damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity15112 :: (MESH:D012862,Chemical) :: ['3-methylindole']


abstract: Studies confirming a possible relationship of @entity6558 within @entity1374 , either @entity1375 or @entity1378 , are hardly available. To define the association, identify clinical, laboratory, electromyographic, and pathologic features in @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ) @entity1 with @entity1375 or @entity1378 , we conducted a MEDLINE and Chinese biomedicine database search to identify relevant literature published in the past 25  years. Seventeen cases were included. All @entity1 were female (10 @entity1375 @entity1 , seven @entity1378 @entity1 ). The mean (SD) age of @entity6558 , @entity1375 , and @entity1378 at diagnosis was 54.8 (16.7), 55.5 (16.5), and 32.7  years (10.2), respectively. @entity6558 diagnosis can precede or parallel @entity1375 while @entity6558 may occur following the diagnosis of @entity1378 . The most common comorbidities were @entity5 in these disorders, @entity704 , @entity694 , and @entity259 . @entity425 was described in 100% of @entity1 . Other common manifestations included muscles' @entity194 and @entity158 , @entity4841 , and @entity1282 . Most @entity1 had markedly elevated @entity908 kinase and the presence of anti- @entity10632 A (SSA) antibodies was also found in two cases. Malignancy associated with @entity6558 may more frequently occur in @entity1375 than in @entity1378 . The abnormalities on electromyography and biopsy did not differ from those findings of @entity6558 . Therapy consisting of corticosteroids, thyroid hormone, or anti-thyroid drugs was administrated; however, poor prognosis seemed to be associated with @entity5 as well as older age and the presence of anti-SSA antibodies. It is reasonable to suggest that those @entity1 should be routinely evaluated for thyroid function, especially in older female and @entity1 suffering from @entity5 .

title: @entity6558 associated with XXXX or @entity1378 : two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['including thymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, deep tendon reflexes']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthralgia']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: @entity3446 (SRL) has become an important alternative to calcineurin inhibitors due to its unique mechanism of action. Since rejection and poor graft outcome are still frequent problems despite therapeutic-range blood concentrations, pharmacodynamic measurements of its immunosuppressive effects would be of great clinical value to optimize treatment in individual @entity1 . We performed a @entity1 whole blood assay using real time cytokine RT-PCR for the pharmacodynamic assessment of SRL. @entity1199 , @entity3646 and @entity650 mRNA levels were quantitatively determined upon T-cell-specific stimulation in healthy individuals (n=11; in vitro) and in kidney-transplant @entity1 (n=3; ex vivo). Furthermore, @entity1199 protein secretion and T-cell proliferation was measured. After 24h incubation we observed a stronger suppression of @entity1199 and @entity3646 mRNA expression upon SRL addition (p<0.005; p<0.005) versus 4h (p<0.05; p<0.05). SRL effects displayed a remarkable interindividual variation, which proved to be independent of the concentration applied. Notably, 3/11 and 2/11 individuals had unaffected @entity1199 and @entity3646 mRNA expression after 4h incubation with SRL, respectively. In contrast, a general suppression of @entity1199 protein secretion and T-cell proliferation was induced. Analysis of kidney-transplant @entity1 verified interindividual variation and proved comparability of in vitro and ex vivo effects. We describe an individual degree of SRL-sensitivity that may correlate with clinical efficacy. Rather than analysis of one single peak, we suggest determination of two absolute cytokine mRNA peak levels for the pharmacodynamic assessment of SRL. However, prospective clinical studies are necessary to determine whether individual degrees of SRL-sensitivity correlate with clinical outcome.

title: The pharmacodynamic effect of @entity3446 : individual variation of cytokine mRNA expression profiles in XXXX whole blood samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Sirolimus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This is a report of six @entity1 with @entity1575 in whom @entity459 occurred due to a solitary @entity3243 3 months to 9 years after undergoing emergency portacaval shunt for @entity548 from esophageal varices. The presenting symptoms in all six @entity1 were @entity425 and @entity158 . Three @entity1 had a @entity174 after insignificant @entity130 , one and probably two passed @entity1290 , and a duodenal ulcer developed in two. Bone x-ray films showed generalized @entity170 in all @entity1 . @entity177 were within normal limits in every @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity459 in each @entity1 was based on repeated demonstrations of @entity2741 , @entity5886 , and markedly elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations. In all six @entity1 , removal of the @entity3243 resulted in disappearance of symptoms; normalization of serum @entity460 , @entity3151 , and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels; and in four of the six, improvement in radiographic evidence of @entity170 during follow-up of from 1 to 6 years. The association of @entity82 , portacaval shunt, and @entity459 has not been documented previously. Our six @entity1 with @entity459 constitute 3.4 percent of 174 survivors of emergency portacaval shunt in a series of 264 unselected, consecutive @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity548 esophageal varices. @entity99 is known to have occurred in only 11 of these 174 survivors. @entity459 may be a more common cause of @entity99 than has been previously recognized, and should be considered in @entity1 with @entity82 in whom @entity425 , @entity158 , and @entity79 develop, particularly if they have a portacaval @entity254 .

title: Hyperparathyroidism, XXXX , and portacaval shunt. A new clinical syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'Primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal function and arterial blood pH']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone demineralization']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic osteodystrophy', 'hepatic osteodystrophy']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: The new the International Association for the Study of @entity2 (IASLC)/the American @entity1514 Society (ATS)/the European Respiratory Society (ERS) pathologic classification of @entity2 has markedly changed the pathologic diagnosis of @entity2220 . This classification deals with many aspects that directly affect clinical practice, and opens new gateways for future research. By means of a multidisciplinary approach, it differs significantly from the former 2004 the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, which was mainly written by pathologist. The present review, in line with the consensus article, is divided in two components: the diagnosis and @entity2220 in resection specimens and the diagnosis of @entity2 in small biopsies and cytology. Resection specimens are currently classified according to the predominant histologic pattern after comprehensive subtyping in 5% increments. This approach has led to the addition of new pathologic subtypes [ @entity15709 ( @entity15709 ), @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and micropapillary predominant @entity420 )] and to the discontinuation of some heterogeneous entities included in the former 2004 WHO classification (mixed subtype @entity420 and @entity133 ). Overall, these changes have resulted in a better stratification of lung @entity5 in more homogeneous morphologic, clinical and biological subgroups. Pathologic subtyping has demonstrated prognostic utility in resected stage I-III @entity1 , and recent data support their predictive role for the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, comprehensive pathologic subtyping may potentially affect TNM staging and surgical management or early-stage @entity5 . On the other hand, for the first time, the novel pathologic classification provides standardized terminology and diagnostic criteria of small biopsies and cytology. Criteria are proposed not only for @entity420 but also for other histologies, but special emphasis was put on the distinction between @entity420 and @entity957 due to its major clinical implications. This review outlines the main issues of the new @entity2220 classification from a clinical perspective. We describe the different pathologic subtypes in resection specimens, with their most relevant clinical implications. Further on, we address the new terminology and diagnostic criteria for @entity2220 in small specimens, oriented to their importance for the management and treatment of @entity2 @entity1 . Finally, we discuss some unanswered questions and relevant issues for the near future.

title: The new IASLC/ATS/ERS XXXX classification from a clinical perspective: current concepts and future prospects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['MIA', 'adenocarcinoma', 'minimally invasive adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma', 'lung adenocarcinomas', 'classification of lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: A case with neonatal @entity44 originating from the cervicofacial region which transformed to be malignant during treatment is reported. The case is a full-term baby @entity1 with swallowing difficulty and has a mass at the floor of @entity3250 with the right neck swelling. The mass was revealed to be multi-cystic and extending deep into the sublingual space and protruding outside. Puncture and marsupialisation of the cyst could not relieve her symptom and the @entity5 was resected in three occasions and was diagnosed as @entity44 without malignant component. However, three months after the last resection, the solid right neck mass enlarged rapidly and the serum @entity160 level was elevated. Biopsied specimen demonstrated the mass to be germ cell @entity5 with @entity189 and @entity2970 component. Eight courses of JEB regimen with recurrent mass resection successfully lead to complete regression without compromising @entity1 growth as well as cosmetics. Head and neck @entity44 in @entity1 are mostly benign amenable to curative excision but its rarity and site and size of the @entity5 make its treatment challenging. It is important to have multi-disciplinary management for the disease from neonatal period until growth has finished. There exists a relationship between the age at diagnosis and outcome of a @entity1 with @entity44 and @entity135 in neonate are mostly benign but should be removed completely as soon as the @entity1 condition is stabilized to reduce the risk of malignant change.

title: A case of neonatal XXXX transformed to @entity5 in the neck extending to the mouth floor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck teratomas']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['yolk sac tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature teratoma', 'teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['mature teratoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Closed reduction followed by short-time immobilization is the generally accepted treatment for @entity3029 . However, the number of studies concerning the results of this method is limited. In this study, the clinical and radiographic results of conservatively treated @entity3029 were retrospectively evaluated. METHODS: The study included 21 @entity1 (16 males, 5 females) who underwent @entity6044 and immobilization for @entity3029 . @entity3029 were defined as non-fracture @entity3029 and @entity3029 accompanied by @entity174 that did not require additional surgery or immobilization. The mean age of the @entity1 at the time of injury was 35 years (range 16 to 59 years). All the @entity1 had posterior @entity3029 . Eleven @entity1 (52.4%) had @entity174 . Following @entity6044 , a plaster splint and hinged brace were used in four (19.1%) and 17 (81%) @entity1 , respectively. Incremental active and passive motions were started at the end of the first week in @entity1 in whom a brace was used. The mean duration of brace use was 27    16 days. @entity1 using a plaster splint were immobilized for three weeks. The @entity1 were assessed clinically with respect to range of motion, instability, and neurologic findings after a mean follow-up period of 34 months (range 12 to 99 months). Functional assessments included the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Broberg-Morrey Functional Rating Index (BMFRI). Standard elbow anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were examined for concentric reduction and signs of @entity528 . RESULTS: Compared to the normal side, the degrees of flexion, extension, flexion arc, and pronation were significantly decreased in @entity3029 (p<0.05), while the degrees of supination and rotational arc were similar. There was no muscular @entity194 . Four @entity1 (19.1%) had residual instability and six @entity1 (28.6%) had mild to moderate @entity16 that were primarily related to the ulnar nerve. Three @entity1 complained of mild @entity158 , and one @entity1 complained of moderate @entity158 at rest. Radiographic assessment showed mild degeneration in three @entity1 (14.3%), and mild to moderate @entity2736 in 14 @entity1 (66.7%). @entity1 with and without @entity2736 did not differ significantly with respect to the values of joint range of motion. The mean MEPS and BMFRI scores were 96.9 and 97.7, respectively. The scores of both systems were excellent in 20 @entity1 (95.2%) and moderate in one @entity1 (4.8%). The majority of the @entity1 (81%) reported complaints about their elbows including sensation of stiffness in the elbow, @entity158 during strenuous work or sports activities, and limitation of movement. Only four @entity1 (19.1%) reported a feeling of full recovery. CONCLUSION: Although @entity6044 with short-term immobilization is a universally accepted method for @entity3029 with excellent functional scores, it is associated with significant limitations in joint movements and a great majority of @entity1 do not consider themselves fully recovered.

title: The results of conservatively treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['minor avulsion fractures']

entities_list: @entity6044 :: ('MESH:D005596', 'Disease') :: ['closed reduction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complaints']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration and heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocated elbows', 'simple elbow dislocations', 'Simple dislocations', 'dislocations']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['simple elbow dislocations']


abstract: The existence of several nicotinic @entity934 receptor genes in insects suggests that many nicotinic receptor subtypes are present, but the identification and characterization of these subtypes in native neurons has been limited. Their pharmacological properties came from electrophysiological studies in which variations in the sensitivity of insect neurons were correlated with time course, current amplitudes, desensitization rates occurring in varying proportions in different cells. Thus pressure application of agonists on cultured cells induced inward currents showing that @entity934 and @entity1239 were partial agonists of some cells with a lower efficacy while they were full agonists in other neurons. The variation in kinetics appeared to be due to differential expression of distinct nicotinic receptor subtypes as corroborated by the blocking activity induced by antagonists. In fact, the alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic receptor subtypes described as homomeric could be also heteromeric receptors. Interestingly, some receptors mediating nicotinic responses have been termed 'mixed' receptors because they were blocked by a range of nicotinic and muscarinic antagonists. Following electrophysiological studies, it has been also demonstrated that insect nicotinic receptors were modulated by @entity141 pathways. @entity141 permeability through insect nicotinic receptors, voltage-gated @entity141 channels or released from intracellular stores represents an important indication of insect native nicotinic @entity934 receptor modulation. The @entity141 flow may trigger a variety of cytosolic @entity141 pathways underlying many cellular processes such Calmodulin kinase, PKA and @entity6164 . Most of the studies suggested that the effect of phosphorylation mechanism was dependent on the receptor subtype.

title: Electrophysiological studies and pharmacological properties of insect native nicotinic XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is used clinically to treat corneal scarring in @entity1 @entity1 . We investigated the safety and efficacy of @entity1139 to treat corneal scarring in @entity1641 by examining its effects at the early and late stages of disease using an in vitro model. PROCEDURE: An in vitro model of @entity1641 corneal fibroblast (ECF) developed was used. The ECF or myofibroblast cultures were produced by growing primary ECF in the presence or absence of @entity22087 ( @entity22087 ) under serum-free conditions. The @entity1139 dose for the @entity1641 @entity267 was defined with dose-dependent @entity3460 exclusion and (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( @entity98 ) assays after applying @entity1139 to the cultures once for 2 min. The efficacy of @entity1139 to control corneal scarring in @entity1641 was determined by measuring mRNA and protein expression of corneal scarring markers ( @entity22088 and F-actin) with western blotting, immunocytochemistry and/or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. RESULTS: A single 2-min treatment of 0.02% or less @entity1139 did not alter ECF phenotype, viability, or cellular proliferation whereas 0.05% or higher @entity1139 doses showed mild-to-moderate cellular @entity137 . The @entity22087 at 1 ng/mL showed significant myofibroblast formation in ECF under serum-free conditions. A single 2-min, 0.02% @entity1139 treatment 24 h (early) after @entity22087 stimulation significantly reduced conversion of ECF to myofibroblasts, however, a single 0.02% @entity1139 treatment 11 days after @entity22087 stimulation showed moderate myofibroblast inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: That @entity1139 safely and effectively reduced scarring in ECF by reducing the degree of transdifferentiation of corneal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in vitro. Further clinical in vivo investigations are warranted using @entity1139 in @entity1641 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity1138 as an agent to treat corneal scarring in XXXX using an in vitro model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity22087 :: ('100033900(Tax:9796)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta-1', 'TGFbeta1']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: Translational control plays a key role in late spermiogenesis. A number of mRNAs encoding proteins required for late spermiogenesis are expressed in early spermatids but are stored as translationally inactive messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs). The translation of these mRNAs is associated with shortening of their poly(A) tail in late spermiogenesis. @entity25132 ( @entity25132 ) plays an important role in mRNA stabilization and translation. Three @entity25132 -interacting proteins, @entity25133 , Paip2a, and @entity25134 , have been described. Paip2a is expressed in late spermatids. To investigate the role of @entity25135 in spermiogenesis, we generated @entity19 with knockout of either Paip2a or @entity25134 and double-KO (DKO) @entity19 lacking both Paip2a and @entity25134 . Paip2a-KO and Paip2a/ @entity25134 -DKO @entity19 exhibited @entity4810 . Translation of several mRNAs encoding proteins essential to male germ cell development was inhibited in late spermiogenesis in Paip2a/ @entity25134 -DKO @entity19 , resulting in defective elongated spermatids. Inhibition of translation in Paip2a/ @entity25134 -DKO @entity19 was caused by aberrant increased expression of @entity25132 , which impaired the interaction between @entity22298 ( @entity22298 ) and the cap structure at the 5' end of the mRNA. We therefore propose a model whereby efficient mRNA translation in late spermiogenesis occurs at an optimal concentration of @entity25132 , a condition not fulfilled in Paip2a/ @entity25134 -DKO @entity19 .

title: The XXXX partner Paip2a controls translation during late spermiogenesis in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity22298 :: ('13684(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['eIF4E', 'eukaryotic initiation factor 4E']

answer: @entity25132 :: (18459(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['poly(A)-binding protein']


abstract: An 18-item self-rating test of memory functions was administered to two @entity1 groups: seven @entity1 with @entity2730 resulting from @entity9137 and six other @entity2730 @entity1 . These results were compared to results obtained previously for @entity308 @entity146 inpatients (n = 19) and @entity308 inpatients prescribed electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (n = 35). The latter group was tested both before and 1 week after completion of the course of ECT. One pattern of memory self-ratings was reported by the two groups of @entity308 @entity1 . These two groups reported an approximately equivalent level of impairment across all test items. A different pattern of memory self-ratings was reported by the two groups of @entity2730 @entity1 and by the group tested after ECT. These @entity1 reported considerably more impairment on some items than others, such that performance was not equivalent across test items. Finally, the @entity1 with @entity9137 underestimated their @entity2414 , reporting a less severe impairment than the other @entity2730 @entity1 . The results show that the @entity2414 experienced in @entity308 and in @entity2730 are distinguishable with self-assessment techniques. In addition, the similarity between memory self-ratings reported by @entity1 after ECT and by @entity2730 @entity1 supports the idea that memory complaints after ECT reflect primarily the experience of @entity2730 . Self-rating forms like the one described here may have useful application to many diagnostic groups where questions arise about the nature of reported @entity2414 .

title: Self-ratings of XXXX : different findings in @entity308 and @entity2730 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity9137 :: ('MESH:D020915', 'Disease') :: ["Korsakoff's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesia', 'amnesic']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of mitochondrial DNA mutations with @entity74 in a maternally inherited pedigree with @entity2319 . METHODS: The diagnosis was validated by hearing tests. Blood samples were collected from 18 maternal members of the family and 53 controls including 6 paternal members, 7 spouses and 40 unrelated individuals. DNA was extracted from the leukocytes in blood samples. The gene fragments of mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA, @entity14503 ) and @entity3492 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). PCR products were analyzed by sequencing. Computerized 12S rRNA secondary structure modeling was carried out to characterize the mutation found in the family. RESULTS: A novel mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA 709 G to A transition was detected from all maternal members including 8 @entity1 with @entity393 and other 10 symptom-free maternal members. Non-maternal members and other controls did not carry this mutation. In addition, the @entity14503 ) @entity14504 , 12S rRNA @entity14505 and @entity3492 gene mutations were not observed in the study. Computerized modeling showed that this mutation changed the eighth and ninth loop-stem structure of the 12S rRNA secondary structure. CONCLUSION: In this family, 8 deaf @entity1 carried the mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA 709 G to A mutation, which is highly conservative in healthy adults. It was confirmed that the mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA gene @entity14506 was associated with non-syndromic @entity393 . The other 10 maternal members carried the mutation, but they did not suffer from @entity2319 , which might suggest that the @entity14506 mutation may cause @entity393 in combination with a synergistic effect of some other nuclear modifier genes.

title: [Mutation analysis of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene XXXX in a maternally inherited pedigree with @entity2319 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic deafness', 'deafness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited deafness']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['inherited hearing loss', 'hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity14506 :: (c|SUB|G|709|A,DNAMutation) :: ['G709A']


abstract: The extension of neurites by @entity1573 embryo cerebral cortical neurons can be measured quantitatively at low cell density in serum-free, defined medium. An acidic, heat-stable protein fraction from @entity291 brain has been shown to have neurite extension activity in this assay. We report the use of reversed-phase HPLC to purify a neurite extension factor from this fraction to apparent homogeneity. The protein was characterized by NaDodSO4/PAGE. In the presence of reducing agents, the protein migrated as a single band, with an apparent molecular weight of 6500. In the absence of reducing agents, the protein showed bands at apparent molecular weights of 6500, 21,000-22,000, 30,000, and 40,000. Reduction and S-carboxymethylation of the protein abolished all biological activity and resulted in a shift of the apparent molecular weight to 11,000. The @entity535 composition of the purified neurite-extension factor was nearly identical to that of @entity291 brain @entity6412 . The @entity535 sequences of peptides derived from trypsin or cyanogen @entity4001 digests of the protein were identical to those found in @entity6412 and accounted for 71 of 91 @entity1522 in the protein. However, three peptides obtained from cyanogen bromide digestion of the nonreduced protein appeared to be @entity1520 -linked dimers. Our results indicate that a biological activity, neurite extension, which is critical for the development of the nervous system, is associated with a @entity1520 form of @entity6412 .

title: Purification and characterization of a neurite extension factor from XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity4001 :: ('CHEBI:15858', 'Chemical') :: ['bromide']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: As a vascular conduit, expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) is susceptible to graft infection with Gram-positive organisms. Biomaterials, such as porcine small-intestinal submucosa (SIS), have been successfully used clinically as tissue substitutes outside the vascular arena. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In the present study, we compared a small-diameter conduit of SIS to ePTFE in the presence of Gram-positive contamination to evaluate infection resistance, incorporation and remodeling, morphometry, graft patency, and @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) development. METHODS: Adult male mongrel @entity1707 were randomized to receive either SIS or ePTFE (3-cm length, 6-mm diameter) and further randomized to 1 of 3 groups: Control (no graft inoculation), @entity794 , or mucin-producing @entity5938 (each graft inoculation with 10 colonies/mL). Pressure measurements were obtained proximal and distal to the graft to create the iliac/aorta pressure ratio. Morphometric analysis of the @entity8233 and histopathologic examinations was performed. Other outcomes included weekly WBC counts, graft incorporation, and quantitative culture of explanted grafts. RESULTS: Eighteen animals were randomized. All grafts were patent throughout the 6-week study period. Infected SIS grafts had less @entity1373 and little change in their iliac/aorta indices compared with infected ePTFE grafts. Quantitative cultures at euthanasia demonstrated no growth in either SIS group compared with 1.7 x 10(4) colonies for ePTFE @entity794 and 6 x 10(2) for ePTFE S epi (each P < 0.001). All SIS grafts were incorporated. Histology demonstrated remodeling into host artery with smooth muscle and capillary ingrowth in all SIS groups. Scanning electron micrography illustrated smooth and complete endothelialization of all SIS grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with ePTFE, SIS induces host tissue remodeling, exhibits a decreased neointimal response to infection, and is resistant to bacterial colonization. SIS may provide a superior alternative to ePTFE as a vascular conduit for peripheral vascular surgery.

title: Comparison of small-intestinal submucosa and expanded XXXX as a vascular conduit in the presence of gram-positive contamination.

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['NH', 'neointimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the long-term results of liver resection for the treatment of primary @entity9279 . Prognostic factors, especially the impact of bilioenteric @entity254 on recurrence of symptoms were assessed. METHODS: Forty one @entity1 with intrahepatic stones and parenchyma @entity82 / @entity194 and/or @entity850 were submitted to liver resection. Resection was associated with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in all @entity1 with bilateral stones and in those with unilateral disease and dilation of the extrahepatic biliary duct (> 2 cm). Late results and risk factors for recurrence of symptoms or stones were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. After a mean follow-up of 50.3 mo, good late results were observed in 82.9% of @entity1 ; all @entity1 submitted to liver resection alone and 58.8% of those submitted to liver resection and hepaticojejunostomy were free of symptoms (P = 0.0006). @entity1 with unilateral and bilateral disease showed good late results in 94.1% and 28.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Recurrence of symptoms in @entity1 with hepaticojejunostomy showed that this may not be the ideal solution. Further studies are needed to establish the best treatment for @entity1 with bilateral stones or unilateral disease and a dilated extrahepatic duct.

title: Does bilioenteric @entity254 impair results of liver resection in primary XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic lithiasis']

answer: @entity9279 :: (MESH:D020347,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic lithiasis']


abstract: The in vitro effects of @entity4663 on the activity of @entity1521 endopeptidase (PEPase) in @entity35 brain cytosol, which contains an endogenous PEPase inhibitor, have been studied. Of the three @entity4478 tested ( @entity8037 , @entity11667 , and @entity7224 ), @entity8037 and @entity11667 markedly enhanced the enzyme activity in brain cytosol. At 6.25 mM @entity8037 or 25 mM @entity11667 , a 13- or 14-fold enhancement of the enzyme activity was observed. When Mg2+ was used, an approximately fourfold enhancement of the enzyme activity was observed at 50 mM. The enhancement produced by @entity8037 or @entity11667 was unaffected by Mg2+ up to 50 mM. The activity of purified PEPase was only slightly affected by each @entity4664 , but it was inhibited 50% by 50 mM @entity1025 . On the other hand, 50% inhibition of the enzyme produced by the purified PEPase inhibitor (Mr 7,000: Ki 0.67 mM) was completely restored by addition of 0.7 mM @entity8037 , 3.5 mM @entity11667 , or 28 mM @entity7224 . This restoration of inhibition by @entity4663 was reversed by increasing the inhibitor concentration. These data suggest that @entity4663 effectively reverse the inhibition of PEPase by its endogenous inhibitor by the reversible formation of a kinetically significant complex. The possible functions of @entity4663 in the regulation of PEPase in vivo are discussed.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity1521 endopeptidase activity in @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: Nonoperative management of blunt @entity99 (BHI) has become more widely accepted. A prospective trial was undertaken to test the belief that clinical state could identify the @entity1 with BHI confirmed by computed tomography (CT) who could be safely managed without a surgical operation. @entity1 were excluded from nonoperative management only if they manifested hemodynamic instability, the presence or suspicion of any other @entity130 , or would be unavailable for controlled monitoring. Of 60 @entity1 treated for BHI, 30 were managed nonoperatively. The 30 who had laparotomies served as a comparative group. The groups were statistically similar in age, sex, and @entity130 ( @entity130 ). The group managed nonoperatively had significantly more severe BHI. There were no deaths or delayed laparotomies in the nonoperative management group. The groups had similar ICU and total hospital stays when analyzed as independent variables or with control for BHI grade and @entity130 . Transfusion requirements were significantly lower for the nonoperative management group when analyzed independently or when controlled for BHI grade, @entity130 , and the number of non-abdominal injuries. Nineteen (63%) @entity1 managed nonoperatively were followed until their CT scans showed complete resolution. None had complications. We conclude that nonoperative management of BHI is a safe and effective technique applicable to hemodynamically stable @entity1 who lack other indications for laparotomy and who can be adequately monitored.

title: Nonoperative management of blunt XXXX : safe at any grade?

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury requiring laparotomy', 'ISS', 'Injury Severity Score']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic injuries']


abstract: @entity233 sperm viability was evaluated using several fluorescent stains both singularly and in combination. Dilution curves and several extenders were used to determine optimal stain concentrations. Semen was collected from eight toms, pooled, diluted, stained, and evaluated microscopically within 2 h of collection. Replicates were assessed for both viable and nonviable sperm (green and red fluorescence, respectively) using flow cytometry. @entity10856 , which likely requires membrane potential for optimal fluorescence, or @entity10857 (CAL), which assesses the membrane integrity of cells (both green fluorescence), in combination with @entity2667 (PI) to stain the dead or degenerating cells (red fluorescence) provided optimal results. Sperm were killed by unprotected freeze-thawing to provide mixed aliquots containing known amounts of fresh:killed sperm. The percentage of viable sperm, as determined by @entity10856 with PI or CAL with PI staining, were 76.6, 58.8, 39.3, 20.1, 8, and 73.5, 55.8, 36.0, 17.1, .4, respectively, for ratios of 100:0, 75: 25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 of fresh:killed mixtures. Semen from 30 individual toms was collected on 2 d and examined in replicate using these staining combinations. The proportion of viable sperm, as indicated by uptake of @entity10856 or CAL stain, ranged from 55.8 to 86.7 and 38.0 to 86.1, respectively. Staining combinations were effective in estimating the viability of @entity233 sperm and could be useful for monitoring sperm viability before and after storage.

title: Viability assessment of XXXX sperm using fluorescent staining and flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity10857 :: ('MESH:C085925', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcein AM']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: To evaluate critically the merit of utilizing a wound model for growing @entity1 @entity5 , a series of increasingly difficult @entity1 @entity5 types were tested for growth at sites of @entity130 in athymic @entity19 . In vitro @entity5 lines as well as fresh @entity5 from the breast, colon, rectum, lung, and a @entity3 from an unknown primary were intraperitoneally injected into @entity19 subjected to intra-abdominal organ injury. Successful xenografts were obtained from nine of 10 cell lines and 14 of 24 fresh @entity5 . The latter included five of six (83%) @entity694 , one @entity2 , metastatic @entity5 of unknown primary, three of four (75%) metastatic @entity0 and four of six (67%) @entity172 receptor (ER)-negative @entity0 . Six ER-positive @entity0 tested failed to grow in @entity19 without @entity172 supplementation. Xenografts from two breast, two @entity2 formed spontaneous @entity3 and all xenografts tested were able to yield serial transplants in the surgical wound model. Histologically, all xenografts and their @entity3 were identical to their respective donor @entity5 . Transplantability in @entity19 without exogenous @entity172 supplementation was linked to the absence of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors in @entity0 . Transplantability of the cell lines was associated with the expression of cell surface receptors for fibronectin and hyaluronic acid. Receptors for other extracellular matrix components, namely, laminin, @entity18755 , collagen, fibrinogen or @entity2880 factor were not associated with transplantability. These results demonstrate that a large proportion of @entity1 @entity5 , including the @entity0 , can be successfully xenografted into athymic @entity19 by providing them with a healing wound environment, and that such xenografts grown at ectopic sites exhibit metastatic ability.

title: Growth and XXXX of @entity1 @entity0 in athymic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast tumors', 'breast primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['colon and the lung cancers', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lateral thoracic hemisection of the rodent spinal cord is a popular model of @entity1566 , in which the effects of various treatments, designed to encourage locomotor recovery, are tested. Nevertheless, there are still inconsistencies in the literature concerning the details of spontaneous locomotor recovery after such lesions, and there is a lack of data concerning the quality of locomotion over a long time span after the lesion. In this study, we aimed to address some of these issues. In our experiments, locomotor recovery was assessed using EMG and CatWalk recordings and analysis. Our results showed that after hemisection there was @entity912 in both hindlimbs, followed by a substantial recovery of locomotor movements, but even at the peak of recovery, which occurred about 4 weeks after the lesion, some @entity51 remained present. The parameters that were abnormal included abduction, interlimb coordination and speed of locomotion. Locomotor performance was stable for several weeks, but about 3-4 months after @entity717 was observed with changes in parameters, such as speed of locomotion, interlimb coordination, base of hindlimb support, hindlimb abduction and relative foot print distance. Histological analysis of serotonergic innervation at the lumbar ventral horn below hemisection revealed a limited restoration of serotonergic fibers on the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord, while on the contralateral side of the spinal cord it returned to normal. In addition, the length of these fibers on both sides of the spinal cord correlated with inter- and intralimb coordination. In contrast to data reported in the literature, our results show there is not full locomotor recovery after spinal cord hemisection. Secondary deterioration of certain locomotor functions occurs with time in hemisected @entity35 , and locomotor recovery appears partly associated with reinnervation of spinal circuitry by serotonergic fibers.

title: Thoracic Hemisection in XXXX Results in Initial Recovery Followed by a Late @entity717 , with Changes in Coordination Correlated with Serotonergic Innervation of the Ventral Horn.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits of locomotion']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['hemisection secondary locomotor impairment']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Insufficient sleep and @entity1118 are public health epidemics. Sleep loss worsens @entity158 and predicts the development of @entity1118 . Whether previous, acute @entity25 and recovery sleep determine @entity158 levels and duration remains poorly understood. This study tested whether @entity1949 and recovery sleep prior to @entity406 injection alter post-injection @entity158 levels and duration. METHODS: Male @entity35 (n = 48) underwent sleep deprivation or ad libitum sleep for 9 hours. Thereafter, @entity35 received a subcutaneous injection of @entity406 or saline into a hind paw. In the recovery sleep group, @entity35 were allowed 24 h between sleep deprivation and the injection of @entity406 . Mechanical and thermal nociception were assessed using the von Frey test and Hargreaves' method. Nociceptive measures were performed at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 21 days post-injection. RESULTS: @entity406 caused bilateral @entity56 ( @entity1931 ) that persisted for up to 21 days post-injection. Sleep deprivation significantly enhanced bilateral @entity1931 . There was a synergistic interaction when sleep deprivation preceded a @entity406 injection. @entity35 allowed a recovery sleep period prior to @entity406 injection developed @entity1931 only in the injected limb, with higher mechanical thresholds (less @entity1931 ) and a shorter recovery period. There were no persistent changes in thermal nociception. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that acute @entity25 preceding an inflammatory insult enhances @entity158 and can contribute to @entity1118 . The results encourage studies in a model of surgical @entity158 to test whether enhancing sleep @entity158 levels and duration.

title: Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep Prior to a Noxious Inflammatory Insult Influence Characteristics and Duration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['acute sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin', 'Formalin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reduces pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep loss']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Twenty-seven untrained college-age males (mean age = 23.1 yr) volunteered for this 12-wk training study, which investigated potential interactions between training specificity and treadmill protocol specificity. The study was designed to analyze the interaction between a subject's maximal @entity26 uptake (VO2max) on an inclined protocol (IP) vs a @entity346 ( @entity346 ) before and after training exclusively on flat terrain. Experimental subjects (E, N = 17) trained by running on flat terrain for 12 wk, 4 d/wk, 37 min/d at an intensity equal to 65 to 85% of their heart rate reserve while control subjects (C, N = 10) remained sedentary. All subjects underwent a minimum of four maximal treadmill tests (two with an IP and two with a @entity346 ) prior to training and two maximal treadmill tests (one @entity346 ) post-training. Multivariate analysis of variance and post-hoc t-tests using a pooled variance-covariance matrix were used to analyze the data. Alterations in E, consequent to training, included significant increases in VO2max [mean IP = 53.6 to 58.4 (+8.9%) and mean @entity346 = 51.7 to 56.2 ml. kg-1 . min-1 (+8.7%)]. C showed a significant pre- to post-training decrease on the @entity346 for VO2max [mean @entity346 = 52.4 to 50.7 ml . kg-1 . min-1 (-3.2%)], but showed no significant change on the IP. There was no significant pre- to post-training interaction between protocols for VO2max. It was concluded that the post-training results do not support the concept of protocol specificity when evaluating VO2max in subjects trained exclusively on flat terrain.

title: Interaction of test protocol and horizontal run training on maximal XXXX uptake.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal protocol', 'HP', 'IP and one HP']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic @entity4512 is high, with widespread negative economic, psychological, and social consequences for the individual. It is therefore important to find ways to predict the outcome of rehabilitation programmes in terms of function in daily life. The aims of this study were to investigate the improvements over time from multidisciplinary rehabilitation in terms of @entity158 and function, and analyse the relative impact of individual and psychosocial factors as predictors of function in daily life in individuals with chronic @entity4512 . METHODS: A prospective study was conducted among one hundred and forty three (N = 143) @entity4512 @entity1 . Measures of @entity158 , function, and functional health status were obtained at baseline, after 5 weeks of intensive training, at the end of the 57-week rehabilitation programme, and at a 1 year follow-up, using validated self-administrated measures. Linear regression analysis was applied to investigate the relative impact of @entity4512 , individual-, and psychosocial factors in function. RESULTS: The @entity1 studied showed a significant increase in function during the 57 weeks rehabilitation period. There was also a significant increase in function from the end of the rehabilitation period (57th week) to the one year follow-up measures. @entity158 intensity associated significantly with @entity158 experience over all measurement periods. High levels of @entity158 intensity (beta = .42**) and @entity158 experience (beta = .37*), and poor psychological capacity (beta = -.68*) at baseline, as well as poor physiological capacity (beta = -.44**) and high levels of @entity148 (beta = .48**) and @entity308 (beta = .58***) at the end of the rehabilitation program were the most important prognostic factors of variance in functioning over the 4 measurement periods. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that physical capacity, @entity1957 should be priority areas in rehabilitation programmes to improve functioning in daily life.

title: Prediction of function in daily life following multidisciplinary rehabilitation for individuals with chronic XXXX ; a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress and coping skills']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Acute @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) occlusion can be diagnosed in an early phase by computed tomography (CT) angiography, which is also a prerequisite for endovascular intervention. However, the issue of development of postoperative permanent @entity177 due to contrast-induced @entity8 has not been evaluated. DESIGN: Retrospective MATERIALS: A total of 55 @entity1 with @entity432 were retrieved from the in-hospital register during a 4-year period between 2005 and 2009. METHODS: Glomerular filtration rate was calculated as a simplified variant of Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study Group (MDRD). RESULTS: @entity177 was found in 52%; advanced state in one @entity1 . @entity1011 was lower (p = 0.018) at discharge (median: 71 micromol L(-1)), compared to admission (median: 76 micromol L(-1)), in the 32 survivors exposed to repeated iodinated contrast media (median: 54.7 g @entity1496 ). No @entity1 died due to @entity177 or needed dialysis after endovascular intervention. Endovascular intervention was associated with a higher survival rate (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Serious acute contrast-induced @entity8 was not found in @entity1 diagnosed by CT angiography and treated by endovascular procedures for @entity432 . Elevated serum @entity1011 levels should not deter the clinician from ordering a CT angiography in @entity1 with suspicion of @entity432 .

title: CT angiography followed by endovascular intervention for acute superior XXXX does not increase risk of contrast-induced @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Preoperative renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine', 'Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute SMA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['mesenteric artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1875 has been shown to be safe for nonanesthetist use during GI endoscopy. However, published studies involved @entity1875 administration by an additional nurse or used specialized @entity1 monitoring or were carried out in tertiary hospitals. OBJECTIVE: Considering the downward pressure on reimbursement for endoscopic procedures, we asked how much staff and monitoring is necessary for safe use of @entity1875 . SETTING: Two private gastroenterology practices. @entity1 AND DESIGN: A total of 27,061 endoscopic procedures (14,856 EGDs and 12,205 colonoscopies) were prospectively assessed regarding @entity1 characteristics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status, dosage of @entity1875 , fall of @entity26 saturation below 90%, need to increase nasal @entity26 administration above 2 L/min, and need for assisted ventilation. INTERVENTION: @entity1875 was administered by the endoscopy nurse supervised by the endoscopist. @entity1 monitoring consisted of only pulse oximetry and clinical assessment. RESULTS: The mean @entity1875 dose for EGD was 161 mg (range 50-650 mg). During colonoscopy @entity1 received a mean @entity1875 dose of 116 mg (30-500 mg) in addition to 25 mg of @entity6882 . @entity26 saturation fell below 90% (lowest 74%) in 623 procedures (2.3%), normalizing within less than 30 seconds by stimulating the @entity1 and increasing the nasal @entity26 flow to 4 to 10 L/min. Six @entity1 (ASA III) required mask ventilation for less than 30 seconds. No endotracheal intubation was necessary. LIMITATIONS: There was no further follow-up regarding adverse events after @entity1 discharge from the endoscopy unit. CONCLUSIONS: An endoscopy team, consisting of 1 physician endoscopist and 1 endoscopy nurse, can safely administer @entity1875 sedation for GI endoscopy in a practice setting without additional staff or specialized monitoring.

title: XXXX sedation during endoscopic procedures: how much staff and monitoring are necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['Propofol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to assess @entity5 changes on perfusion CT with bevacizumab and interferon ( @entity3027 ) therapy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 and to evaluate perfusion CT differences between the two therapies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a phase 2 clinical trial, 44 @entity1 were randomized to receive monotherapy with bevacizumab or @entity3027 for 18 weeks (stage 1), followed by dual-therapy with both drugs (stage 2). Twenty-four @entity1 consented to have optional perfusion CT examinations, which were undertaken at baseline and 18 weeks and at intervening 2 days (bevacizumab arm) or 9 weeks ( @entity3027 arm), and subsequently at 2 days after the addition of bevacizumab ( @entity3027 arm) and 9 weeks after the addition of @entity3027 (bevacizumab arm). Tumor blood flow, blood volume, and permeability were evaluated. RESULTS: In the bevacizumab arm (n = 12), mean (   SD) blood flow reduced significantly after 2 days compared with baseline (16.2    6.9 vs 32.3    21.3 mL/min/100 g; p = 0.02), a 41.4% reduction (p < 0.0001) that was relatively fixed. Blood volume was similarly reduced from baseline values (2.8    1.3 vs 4.3    2.1 mL/100 g; p = 0.02), a 27.9% reduction (p < 0.02). Both measures remained essentially unchanged at 18 weeks. Similar changes in blood flow and blood volume were observed with the addition of bevacizumab in stage 2. No significant changes in blood flow or blood volume were detected in the @entity3027 arm (n = 12), and no significant changes in permeability were detected in either arm. CONCLUSION: Perfusion CT detects significant changes in perfusion parameters in metastatic @entity5 treated with bevacizumab. Such changes are apparent just 2 days into therapy, are sustained, and are significantly different from those associated with @entity3027 treatment. Tumor blood flow decreased with bevacizumab treatment by a relatively fixed percentage relative to baseline measurements.

title: Perfusion CT findings in @entity1 with metastatic XXXX undergoing bevacizumab and interferon therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['carcinoid tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of an artificial @entity267 (Boston Keratoprosthesis [KPro]) in herpetic corneal graft failures. METHODS: A series of 17 herpetic eyes of 14 @entity1 with failed transplantations, treated with implantation of a corneal graft with a KPro, was reviewed. Outcomes measured were retention of the device, visual acuity at 1 week, best visual acuity, last assessed visual acuity, time of follow-up, and complications. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged between 6 and 72 months (median, 14 months). All @entity1 had improvement in postoperative visual acuity, with 16 (94%) of 17 eyes getting better than preoperative visual acuity within 1 week. Of the 17 eyes, 15 (88%) achieved a best visual acuity of 20/25 to 20/70 and, at the last examination, 11 eyes (73%) were still in that range. Four @entity1 with @entity1162 and ulceration at KPro placement had resolution of @entity32 within days. The KPro had no extrusions. Complications included retroprosthesis membrane in 3 eyes and 1 tissue melt in an early case. CONCLUSIONS: The KPro can be of value in @entity1 with graft failure from @entity1034 , even in the inflamed stage. We believe that @entity1034 is not a contraindication for KPro use.

title: The Boston keratoprosthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged preoperative inflammation']

answer: @entity1034 :: (MESH:D016849,Disease) :: ['herpetic keratitis']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is a progressive @entity66 . Variable response and tolerability to @entity120 therapeutics suggests that genetic differences may influence outcomes. The endothelin pathway is central to pulmonary vascular function, and several polymorphisms and/or mutations in the genes coding for @entity2232 and its receptors correlate with the clinical manifestations of other diseases. OBJECTIVES: To examine the interaction of @entity2232 pathway polymorphisms and treatment responses of @entity1 with @entity120 treated with ET receptor antagonists (ERAs). METHODS: A total of 1,198 @entity1 with @entity120 were prospectively enrolled from 45 U.S. and @entity120 centers or retrospectively from global sites participating in the STRIDE (Sitaxsentan To Relieve Impaired Exercise) trials. Comprehensive objective measures including a 6-minute-walk test, Borg @entity1353 score, functional class, and laboratory studies were completed at baseline, before the initiation of ERAs, and repeated serially. Single- @entity4334 polymorphisms from @entity2232 pathway candidate genes were selected from a completed genome-wide association study performed on the study cohort. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 efficacy outcomes were analyzed for a relationship between @entity2232 pathway polymorphisms and clinical efficacy using predefined, composite positive and negative outcome measures in 715 European descent samples. A single-nucleotide polymorphism ( @entity19174 ) in the G-protein alpha and gamma subunits gene was significantly associated, accounting for multiple testing, with a combined improvement in functional class and 6-minute-walk distance at 12 and 18 months and marginally significant at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2232 pathway associated polymorphisms may influence the clinical efficacy of ERA therapy for @entity120 . Further prospective studies are needed.

title: XXXX Pathway Polymorphisms and Outcomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fatal disease']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'Canadian pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary arterial hypertension']

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['Endothelin-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of individual in vivo DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair capacity on the incidence of severe @entity3136 in @entity1 with @entity135 undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT). @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with resected @entity135 undergoing adjuvant RT or RCT were examined. @entity1 underwent RT of the primary @entity5 site and locoregional lymph nodes with a total dose of 60-66 Gy (single dose 2 Gy, five fractions per week). Chemotherapy consisted of two cycles of @entity900 and @entity1487 . To assess DSB repair, y-H2AX foci in blood lymphocytes were quantified before and 0.5 h, 2.5 h, 5 h, and 24 h after in vivo radiation exposure (the first fraction of RT). World Health Organization scores for @entity3136 were documented weekly and correlated with DSB repair. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 received RT alone; 15 @entity1 received RCT. In @entity1 who developed Grade>= 3 @entity33 (n=18) the amount of unrepaired DSBs 24 h after radiation exposure and DSB repair half-times did not differ significantly from @entity1 with Grade <=2 @entity33 (n=13). @entity1 with a proportion of unrepaired DSBs after 24 h higher than the mean value + one standard deviation had an increased incidence of severe @entity3136 . CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of in vivo DSB repair by determination of y-H2AX foci loss is feasible in clinical practice and allows identification of @entity1 with @entity73 . The incidence of @entity3136 is not closely correlated with DSB repair under the evaluated conditions.

title: The impact of individual in vivo repair of DNA double-strand breaks on XXXX in adjuvant radiotherapy of @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired DSB repair']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['oral mucositis']


abstract: Using porous cell culture chambers, we have simultaneously assessed growth and locomotion of @entity5 cells to investigate whether certain agents affect cell motility in addition to cell division. First, cells from a @entity19 @entity1492 cell line, 1.0/L1, were grown in ordinary flask cultures to determine appropriate cell inocula. Doses of agents were selected to reduce the final 4 day culture cellularity to about 50%, when present during the last two days of culturing. Secondly, the effects of these agents on cell numbers in the porous chambers and on cell migration out of the chambers ('emigration fraction') were recorded. We also examined, using a similar type of porous chamber, whether the agents could affect leucocyte chemotaxis. @entity1862 (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) reduced @entity5 cell emigration as well as cell growth, without interfering with leucocyte chemotaxis. @entity2389 (a microfilament disrupting agent) inhibited @entity5 and growth, as well as leucocyte chemotaxis. @entity5713 (a microtubule disrupting agent), at the very low dose chosen, reduced @entity5 cell growth, but did not consistently affect the migration of either cell type. The experimental anti- @entity3 agent @entity10976 reduced growth, but had no detectable effects on motility. High doses of natural @entity19 @entity12419 /beta weakly inhibited both @entity5 cell growth and locomotion. This motivates for further studies of these and other cytokines, as treatment with agents inhibiting @entity5 cell locomotion might possibly prevent peri-operative spread of @entity5 in @entity1 .

title: Simultaneous assessment of migration and proliferation of @entity19 @entity1492 cells, as affected by XXXX , @entity5713 , @entity2389 , @entity10976 and interferon.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer cell motility']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinblastine']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: The treatment outcome of 24 @entity1 with pathologically-proven non-germinomatous @entity2971 was retrospectively investigated to determine the effectiveness of radiotherapy. The @entity1 were divided into three groups as follows: group 1, five @entity1 with @entity44 with or without @entity3438 ; group 2, six @entity1 with @entity44 with or without @entity3438 ; group 3, 13 @entity1 with other highly malignant @entity5 . The overall actuarial survival and relapse-free rates at 5 years were 82% and 59%, respectively, with a median follow-up period of 62 months. The actuarial relapse-free rate at 5 years was 100% for group 1, 63% for group 2 and 44% for group 3. There was no difference in the relapse-free rates between total resection and partial resection. Usage of chemotherapy was adversely related to survival probably due to selection bias. No local failure was observed with 10 Gy or more for group 1,40 Gy or more for group 2 and 54 Gy or more for group 3. In groups 1 and 2, there was no spinal relapses without craniospinal irradiation. In group 3, three of eight @entity1 who did not receive craniospinal irradiation and none of five @entity1 who received craniospinal irradiation experienced spinal relapse. In conclusion, highly malignant GCTs show a high incidence of spinal @entity3 and craniospinal irradiation may reduce the risk of spinal @entity3 . Radiation dose and volume are to be determined according to the histopathological @entity146 .

title: Retrospective multi-institutional study of radiotherapy for intracranial non-germinomatous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature teratoma', 'immature teratoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['germ cell tumors']


abstract: Infusion of endotoxin elicits @entity3028 followed by increased numbers of granulocytes in peripheral blood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the redistribution and sequestration of granulocytes in the tissues following @entity526 endotoxin induced @entity295 . From 16 @entity95 granulocytes were isolated, labelled with Indium and reinjected intravenously. Eight @entity95 received an infusion of @entity526 endotoxin 2 micrograms kg-1 while eight received isotonic saline. The redistribution of granulocytes was imaged with a gamma camera and calculated with a connected computer before and 2 and 6 hours after infusion of endotoxin or saline. Serum @entity701 and interleukin-1 beta were measured. In another seven @entity95 , respiratory burst activity and degranulation of granulocytes were measured prior to and from 5 min to 6 hours after infusion of @entity526 endotoxin 2 micrograms kg-1 BW. Following infusion of endotoxin, the number of granulocytes in peripheral blood decreased from 2.44 to 0.064 x 10 l-1 two hours later. Within 5 min after infusion the overall oxidative burst of the peripheral blood granulocytes was increased and the granularity had decreased. Serum @entity701 and interleukin-1 beta increased significantly. The radioactivity of labelled cells in the bone marrow and spleen decreased to 83.1% and 91.6% of initial values. At the same time there was a transient sequestration of labelled granulocytes in the lungs reaching 117.6% of initial values. The radioactivity of the liver increased continuously to 118.4%. The results indicate that endotoxin induces an efflux in activated granulocytes from peripheral blood, bone marrow and @entity409 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The redistribution of granulocytes following XXXX endotoxin induced @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['spleen to the lungs and liver']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multi-organ-system disease, the characteristics of which are reflected in the 1982 American @entity627 Association (ARA) criteria for @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). From a dermatological point of view, only the presence of LE-specific histopathology is necessary and sufficient for the diagnosis of LE. The association between the type of LE-specific @entity272 and the severity of extracutaneous manifestations of LE has not yet been investigated systematically. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate, according to the type of LE @entity272 , the prevalence of the 1982 criteria for @entity1252 . METHODS: We selected 191 @entity1 whose @entity272 were histologically diagnosed as LE specific. @entity1 were classified on the basis of @entity272 , and their clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 191 @entity1 , 130 (68%) exhibited only one type of LE-specific @entity272 (monomorphic), 55 (29%) had two types (bimorphic) and the remaining 6 (3%) displayed three types (trimorphic). Nineteen of 22 (86%) @entity1 who presented @entity272 above the neck without other eruptions were classified in the cutaneous-limited LE spectrum. Of 116 @entity1 with @entity272 ( @entity1910 ), 83 (72%) clearly fulfilled the 1982 ARA criteria for @entity1252 . In @entity272 of LE profundus, @entity19500 , subacute lupus (annular-polycyclic erythema and the papulosquamous variant), there were no significant correlations between the type of eruption and the severity of extracutaneous manifestations. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity272 could usually be classified as suffering from @entity1252 , whereas monomorphic @entity1 with localized discoid lesions rarely exhibited extracutaneous manifestations. This tendency was less distinct in bimorphic @entity1 . Almost all @entity1 with subacute @entity272 were bimorphic or trimorphic, which might be due to genetic or racial differences between Japanese and other populations.

title: Classification of lupus erythematosus based upon cutaneous manifestations. Dermatological, systemic and laboratory findings in 191 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity19500 :: ('MESH:C535924', 'Disease') :: ['chilblain lupus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['discoid lupus skin lesions', 'acute lupus skin lesions', 'skin lesion', 'skin disease', 'skin lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study was conducted to evaluate the maximum tolerable dose of weekly @entity136 administered simultaneously with radiation and @entity900 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 with stage IIIA/B @entity1149 received concurrently 63 grays radiation and 20 mg/m   @entity900 Day 1 to 3 in Weeks 1 and 5, plus weekly @entity136 at escalating doses (150-700 mg/m  ) on Fridays after radiation to avoid radiosensitization. The authors assessed dose-limiting @entity137 according to Common @entity137 Criteria. The primary endpoint was maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity136 . Tumor resectability, survival, and disease-free survival (DFS) were also determined. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were accrued, of whom 95% received radiation and 66% @entity900 as above. Weekly doses of @entity136 were escalated to 700 mg/m  . Grade 3 @entity1282 and 1 case of fatal, probably treatment-related @entity358 established the MTD of @entity136 at 550 mg/m   weekly. Twenty-five @entity1 underwent surgery, and histopathological complete regression was documented in 26% of these @entity1 . Overall, median actuarial survival and DFS were 23.8 and 12.4 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 at doses up to 550 mg/m   weekly can be given simultaneously with radiation and @entity900 to @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 . Radical resection thereafter is feasible. The impact of this aggressive therapy should be evaluated further.

title: Dose escalation of @entity136 concomitant with radiation and @entity900 for XXXX : a phase 1-2 study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of @entity50 and @entity854 among @entity1 scheduled to undergo direct @entity50 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 attending a private periodontal practice and consecutively treatment planned for @entity50 were referred for @entity14696 , which included a medical history and radiographic (computed tomography), clinical, and endoscopic examinations. Pathological findings were recorded and otorhinolaryngologic treatment was provided. Six months later the @entity50 procedure was performed and followed by postoperative evaluations for 4 to 6 months. RESULTS: Of the 45 subjects, 98% (44) were diagnosed with @entity7278 , 51% were smokers, and 27% reported a history of symptoms indicative of @entity50 . Eighteen subjects were diagnosed with @entity66 . The diagnosed conditions included chronic @entity1244 , @entity50 , @entity5381 , and ostium stenosis. No significant differences in age, gender, or smoking status between @entity1 with and without @entity50 were found (P >0.05). There was a significant association between history of symptoms and diagnosis of @entity50 (P <0.0001). Three subjects (one treated for preoperative @entity50 ) experienced notable intra- or postoperative complications related to the @entity50 procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that, in a population of @entity1 with @entity7278 , presence of @entity50 is strongly associated with a history of indicative symptoms and is independent of age, gender, and smoking status. The results reinforce the importance of careful detailed history taking and thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation prior to performing @entity50 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in @entity1 scheduled for sinus lift procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['sinus disease and/or abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity5381 :: ('MESH:D061270', 'Disease') :: ['nasal septum deviation']

entities_list: @entity14696 :: ('MESH:D010038', 'Disease') :: ['otorhinolaryngologic evaluation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus cysts', 'sinus conditions', 'sinus augmentation', 'sinus disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['maxillary sinus disease and abnormalities']