abstract: SETTING: Significance of a positive bacillary examination of sputum at 2 months of treatment in relation to the viability of the bacilli and the final treatment result. OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of smear microscopy and sputum culture at the second month of @entity378 treatment and to follow the progress of the @entity1 . METHODS: Follow-up of 297 @entity1 with smear-positive @entity1907 in Madagascar, 152 of whom were smear-positive at 2 months of treatment and 145 smear-negative. The number of bacilli was recorded, as were the culture results and the final outcome of treatment. RESULTS: Among the 152 @entity1 who were smear-positive at the second month, 77 (51%) were culture-negative; there were 12 (8%) treatment failures and four relapses (4.6%). Among the 145 smear-negative @entity1 , 22 (15%) were culture-positive, of which one was a treatment failure (1%). CONCLUSION: The majority of failures and relapses were observed in the group of smear-positive @entity1 . It is important to reinforce the surveillance of these @entity1 in order to reduce the number lost to follow-up. Furthermore, a positive smear microscopy at the end of the second month is not sufficiently specific for early identification of treatment failures. It is preferable to wait until the fifth month, as the great majority of @entity1 who are positive at 2 months achieve cure. The treatment strategy currently recommended in Madagascar is satisfactory.

title: Bacteriological follow-up of XXXX treatment: a comparative study of smear microscopy and culture results at the second month of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is characterized by accumulation of pathological plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM) as a result of deregulation of B-cell development. To clarify its pathophysiology it is necessary to investigate in detail the developmental stages of B-cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enumeration of total @entity1075 -positive ( @entity1075 (+)) cells and their subpopulations together with PCs was done in peripheral blood (PB) and BM of newly diagnosed @entity1581 @entity1 and control subjects. Representation of subsets was compared among groups and relationships between subset percentage and cytogenetic/biochemical findings were analyzed. RESULTS: A  lower number of total @entity1075 (+) cells was found in @entity1582 , particularly in advanced stages of disease. Reduction of naive (P  < .01) and transitional B-cells (P  < .05) and increase of switched memory and switched @entity2731 (-) B-cells and germinal center founder cells were detected in PB of @entity1582 compared with controls (P  < .01). Similar results were found in BM. @entity6393 level in @entity1582 positively correlated with the number of PCs and negatively with percentage of naive B-cells (P  <  .05). CONCLUSION: Our results provided a detailed phenotypic profile and enumeration of B and PC subpopulations in @entity1581 @entity1 . A reduced number of B-cells and particularly a differentiation shift to  more numerous antigen-stimulated forms was observed in @entity1582 . This might indicate a potential source of @entity1582 -initiating cells in one of these subpopulations.

title: Analysis of B-Cell Subpopulations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

answer: @entity1581 :: (MESH:D010265,Disease) :: ['Monoclonal Gammopathies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A randomized, controlled trial was performed to compare the @entity1 complication rate, effectiveness, and satisfaction rate of transcervical hysteroscopic @entity1478 versus endometrial resection in the treatment for heavy dysfunctional @entity548 . METHODS: One hundred and twenty @entity1 requiring endometrial ablation for the treatment of @entity3459 entered the study. All @entity1 were offered a clinical examination 24 months postoperatively and had a questionnaire by mail 5 years after the initial treatment. The number of complications during and after the operation, re-ablations, and hysterectomies were registered. A @entity548 index and the @entity1 satisfaction rate were stated. RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity1 were treated by @entity1478 , and 59 were treated by endometrial resection. No differences between the two groups were observed concerning fluid absorption, @entity548 , perforation, and @entity281 . At the 5-year follow-up, 64% of the @entity1 had only one ablation, 15% were treated twice, 15% had a hysterectomy, and 6% were lost to follow-up. After 5 years, the @entity548 index was halved in @entity1 with menses. Seventy-nine percent of the @entity1 would recommend the treatment to their best female friend. CONCLUSION: We found no significant differences in the frequency of complications. Only 15% of the @entity1 had a hysterectomy after 5 years. No significant difference was observed with respect to @entity548 reduction and @entity1 satisfaction in the two groups.

title: Five-year follow-up of endometrial ablation: XXXX versus endometrial resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['heavy bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial coagulation']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial coagulation']


abstract: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) is common in pediatric practice and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 . @entity526 remains the predominant uropathogen (80%) isolated in acute community-acquired uncomplicated infections, followed by @entity8803 (10% to 15%) and @entity796 (9%) The pathogens traditionally associated with @entity293 are changing many of their features, particularly because of antimicrobial resistance. Reinfections and relapses of @entity293 caused by PA are very frequent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of combined @entity13357 and @entity5505 in terms of eradication of @entity263 . We analyzed 20 out of 264 @entity1 with @entity293 where @entity263 was confirmed with urine culture. Those @entity1 were treated for at least 14 days with the protocol used for @entity263 in @entity1 with @entity1577 . Short-term eradication was achieved in all @entity1 . Long-term study revealed relapse in 25% of @entity1 , all with serious @entity600 . 75% of @entity1 were treated with success. No side effects were observed. Conclusion. We conclude that an empirical combination treatment of @entity13357 and @entity5505 is appropriate and effective in @entity1 with @entity293 caused by PA. This therapy was clinically efficacious, well tolerated, and cost effective, and should prevent unnecessary development of antimicrobial resistance.

title: [New, successful treatment of XXXX caused by @entity796 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PA infection']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['mucoviscidosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity8803 :: ('29385', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus saprophyticus']

entities_list: @entity13357 :: ('CHEBI:3732', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycine']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI', 'Urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Studies in the animals suggested that Peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPARs) may be involved in @entity410 control and selective agonists of @entity3725 or @entity3725 y raise @entity410 thresholds. The present study was contemplated with the aim of evaluating the anti kindling effects and the mechanism of bezafibrate, a Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors a ( @entity3725 ) agonist in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling model of @entity410 in @entity35 . METHODS: In a PTZ kindled @entity35 @entity35 model, different doses of bezafibrate (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the PTZ injection. The PTZ injection was given on alternate day till the animal became fully kindled or till 10 weeks. The parameters measured were the latency to develop kindling and incidence of kindling, histopathological study of hippocampus, hippocampal lipid peroxidation studies, serum neuron specific enolase, and hippocampal DNA fragmentation study. RESULTS: In this study, bezafibrate significantly reduced the incidence of kindling in PTZ treated @entity35 and exhibited a marked prolongation in the latencies to @entity410 . In the present study bezafibrate decreased the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance i.e. Malondialdehyde levels, increased the reduced glutathione levels, @entity12609 and superoxide dismutase activity in the brain. This added to its additional neuroprotective effects. Bezafibrate also reduced the @entity528 and apoptosis in hippocampal area of the brain. Therefore bezafibrate exerted anticonvulsant properties in PTZ induced kindling model in @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings may provide insights into the understanding of the mechanism of bezafibrate as an anti kindling agent and could offer a useful support to the basic antiepileptic therapy in preventing the development of PTZ induced @entity410 , suggesting its potential for therapeutic applications in @entity1315 .

title: Anti-kindling Effect of Bezafibrate, a Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors Alpha Agonist, in Pentylenetetrazole Induced Kindling XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: The concept of multistage @entity105 is one of the central dogmas of @entity5 research today. Recent laboratory work suggests that many specific genetic changes are associated with @entity105 . At the same time, there is increasing evidence that cell proliferation kinetics are important in @entity105 . In 1971, Knudson proposed his now celebrated two-mutation model for @entity5 . In fact, a two-mutation model that explicitly considers cell kinetics is the most parsimonious model consistent with the incidence of both @entity5 in @entity1 populations. This model has been known to be consistent, as well, with other epidemiologic and experimental data. But can such a model be reconciled with the laboratory evidence suggesting that many genetic alterations are required for malignant transformation? In this paper, I examine multistage @entity105 from the population perspective. Can @entity5 incidence data in populations provide some insight into the number and nature of stages involved in malignant transformation? I focus attention on @entity694 because of the considerable amount of information that is now available on the genetics of these @entity5 . Also, as is the case with @entity995 , @entity694 occurs in sporadic and dominantly inherited forms. A comparison of the incidence of these two forms of @entity694 suggests that mutation at the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) locus is not necessary for @entity694 , and that inheritance of the gene for @entity1412 is not equivalent to inheriting one of the essential steps on the pathway to @entity694 . Thus, @entity694 does not follow the @entity995 paradigm. The incidence of @entity694 in the general population and among @entity1412 subjects is consistent with two or three mutations on the pathway to @entity5 . A three-mutation model is more consistent with the genetic alterations observed in @entity694 . I present and discuss a working model for @entity694 .

title: A population perspective on multistage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal tumors', 'childhood and adult cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis', 'colon cancer', 'carcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: A 45-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of systolic murmur after routine medical checking. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization revealed a large mass in the ventricular septum which bulged into right ventricular cavity with pressure gradient of 29 mmHg. The diagnosis of @entity299 was made by CT scanning which showed the mass with attenuation values of -94 Hounsfield units. MR imaging demonstrated the mass with high signal intensity which corresponded to that of subcutaneous fatty tissue. The @entity5 was resected through the right ventricular incision with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. It was yellow, elastic soft, sized 6.5 x 4.3 x 3.5 cm, and weighed 44.7 g. On histological examination, the @entity5 was composed of mature fatty tissues contained with myocardial fibers. After operation, he had split of the ventricular septum, which was closed primarily after @entity362 , and left-to-right shunt. Patch reinforcement was performed at the right ventricular side of the septum on the postoperative 18th day. Postoperative electrocardiogram showed @entity2270 and complete @entity714 . This finding seems to be resulted from injury to the anterior branch of left bundle. The postoperative course was uneventful. This @entity1 is the second case of @entity299 in the ventricular septum on review of the literature in Japan.

title: [A case of XXXX in the ventricular septum].

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the lipoma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lipoma', 'removal of cardiac lipoma']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['left axis deviation']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac lipoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the relative risk of @entity204 from work related injury in a steelworks, associated with exposure to various occupational hazards, sociodemographic factors, and medical history. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a nested case-control design. It was based on a cohort of @entity1 employed in the steel plant of USIMINAS, Brazil between January 1977 and August 1990, who were followed up to November 1992. The cases were defined as all workers in the cohort who died from injury in the study period and whose @entity204 had been notified to the Brazilian Ministry of Labour as being related to work. Four controls per case, matched to cases on year of birth, were randomly selected from among workers employed in the plant at the time of @entity204 of the matching case. Data on potential risk factors for @entity5281 were extracted from company records; for the controls these data were abstracted for the period preceding the @entity204 of the matching case. RESULTS: There were 37 deaths related to work @entity130 during the study period. Four surviving workers were selected as controls for each case, but for eight the personnel records were incomplete, leaving 140 controls in all. Significantly increased risk of @entity130 related to work was associated with exposure to noise, heat, dust and fumes, gases and vapours, rotating shift work, being a manual worker, and working in the steel mill, coke ovens, blast furnaces, and energy and water supply areas. Risk of @entity130 related to work increased with intensity of exposure to noise (P (trend) = 0.004) and heat (P < 0.001), and increased greatly with a hazard score that combined information on noise, heat, dust, and gas exposure (P < 0.001). Number of years of schooling (P = 0.03) and salary level (P = 0.03) were both negatively associated with risk. In a multivariate analysis including all these significant factors, only hazard score and area of work remained associated with @entity204 from injury related to work. The highest risks were for @entity1 exposed to all four environmental hazards (odds ratio (OR) 19.4; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1 to 352.1) and those working in the energy supply area (OR 18.0; 1.6 to 198.1). CONCLUSIONS: The study identified parts of the steelworks and types of hazard associated with greatly increased risk of fatal accident. Research and measures to prevent accidents need to concentrate on these areas and the @entity1 working in them. The use of a hazard score was successful in identifying high risk, and similar scoring might prove useful in other industrial situations.

title: A nested case-control study of fatal work related XXXX among Brazilian steel workers.

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'fatal injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A compromised gut barrier function may be associated with @entity1850 , @entity295 , and @entity881 in @entity1 after major @entity130 or @entity3124 , and inadequate oxygenation of the gut mucosa has been incriminated as an underlying mechanism. The focus of this study was the relationship of splanchnic hypoperfusion to regional and systemic immune responses after major surgery. METHODS: @entity1 (n=20) undergoing curative oncologic resection of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction were studied. Gastric mucosal pH level was monitored by gastric tonometry. The expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigen (human leukocyte antigen-DR) and @entity1196 on systemic monocytes was assessed before surgery, during surgery (as well as portal monocytes), and for 1 week after surgery, along with @entity1851 levels. Intestinal permeability was measured before surgery and on the first and seventh postoperative days by using dual sugar probes. RESULTS: Significant @entity33 (pH<7.1) intraoperatively was evident in 5 @entity1 (25%), and a further 7 @entity1 (35%) had a nadir gastrointestinal mucosal pH level between 7.1 and 7.2. Severe (<7.1) @entity33 was associated significantly (P< .05) with postoperative septic complications, an increase in postoperative intestinal permeability, @entity1851 and @entity1196 expression, and a decrease (P< .05) in monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative splanchnic hypoperfusion is associated significantly with down-regulation of monocyte function, increased intestinal permeability, and an exaggerated acute phase response. This suggests that splanchnic hypoperfusion alters local and systemic immune function, supporting the thesis that the gut has a central role in the immunoinflammatory response to major surgery.

title: Intraoperative splanchnic hypoperfusion, increased intestinal permeability, down-regulation of monocyte class II major histocompatibility complex expression, exaggerated acute phase response, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The internet is increasingly a source of healthcare information utilized by parents, especially in rarer pathologies such as @entity1462 . The quality, validity and thoroughness of these websites is variable and unregulated. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality and understandability of websites related to @entity1462 . METHODS: The terms " @entity2695 ", " @entity1462 ", and " @entity455 " were searched in Google. The first 30 websites meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated. Quality and readability were assessed using the DISCERN criteria and the Flesh-Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKGL), respectively. Date of last update, HONcode accreditation, and the website category were recorded. RESULTS: Most websites were owned by academic institutions (n  =  19, 63.3%). The mean DISCERN score for all websites was 2.97, or a partially valid source of information on a 1-5 scale. The average reading level estimated by FKGL was grade 12; only one website was scored at less than a grade 9 level. Two websites were HONcode accredited. Of the 18 sites giving an explicit date of last update, 12 (67.7%) had been updated in the previous 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Websites relating information @entity455 may not be understandable to the general public, including parents. Health care providers should be cognizant of the quality and availability of such information as it may impact parent perspectives and bias toward treatment options.

title: What might parents read: Sorting webs of online information on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['about vascular anomalies', 'vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations', 'vascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular anomalies']


abstract: The isolated carotid body (CB) of the @entity19 was bathed with modified Tyrode's solution ( @entity4095 , 170 Torr) and transilluminated at different wave-lengths (500-620 nm). Difference spectra (normoxia vs @entity519 -- @entity4095 , 10 Torr) showed peaks of increased light transmittance (LT) at 500 and especially at 540 and 580 nm. There were troughs of transmittance decrease at 560 and 600 nm. Similar spectra (normoxia vs NaCN 10 mM) revealed increased LT at 500 and 590 nm, whereas there was decreased LT at 550 nm. Therefore, absorbance changes induced by @entity519 and cyanide were different. As as control for residual hemoglobin (Hb) in the tissues, a segment of carotid artery was filled with blood and the same light scanning was performed. The differential signals evoked by @entity519 were much larger. There was some LT increase at 500 and 540 nm, but this effect was especially marked at 570 and 590 nm. @entity8773 showed the same absorbance pattern, but peaks were of lower amplitude. Thus, the CB-produced signals were not elicited by residual Hb. A stepwise decrease in the medium @entity4095 (from 170 to 10 Torr) surrounding the CB produced a progressive increase in LT at 540 and 580 nm starting at 120 Torr. A different pattern was evoked by 550 (cytochrome c) and 600 (cytochrome aa3) nm. With 550 nm, transmittance began to increase at about 70 Torr. LT decreased with 600 nm starting at about 120 Torr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Light absorbance changes in the @entity19 carotid body during XXXX and cyanide poisoning.

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: @entity17 and @entity179 is a major contributor in the progression of disability in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Thus, the development of therapies that are neuroprotective has elicited considerable interests. @entity172 and @entity172 receptor (ER) ligand treatments are promising treatments to prevent @entity15 -induced @entity179 and a multicenter phase II clinical trial of @entity11111 as a beneficial therapy in @entity15 is underway. Here, we discuss studies performed in our laboratory that examined the effects of ER ligands in the inflammatory/demyelinating disorder @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), a model of @entity15 . Administration of @entity11111 or @entity53 reduced clinical severity and this clinical disease improvement was associated with favorable changes in cytokine production. There was a significant decrease of neuronal pathology in gray matter along with myelin and axon preservation in white matter of spinal cords of @entity19 with @entity6503 . In subsequent experiments, we contrasted the results of @entity11716 versus @entity11717 ligand treatment. While @entity11716 ligand treatment was anti-inflammatory, @entity11717 ligand treatment was not. @entity11717 ligand treatment nevertheless reduced @entity17 and preserved axon numbers in white matter and prevented @entity528 in gray matter. Clinically, @entity11716 ligand treatment abrogated the disease at the onset, while @entity11717 ligand treatment had no effect at disease onset, but promoted recovery. Thus, unlike @entity11716 ligand treatment, @entity11717 ligand treatment was protective at the level of the target organ, independent of anti-inflammatory effects in the peripheral immune system. @entity11717 ligand treatment should be considered as a potential neuroprotective agent for @entity15 and other @entity179 , particularly since breast and uterine @entity5 are mediated through @entity11716 .

title: Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of XXXX receptor ligand treatment in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogens']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['Demyelination', 'demyelination']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal abnormalities']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Sciatic evoked responses (ScER) are used to monitor the integrity of the anterior spinal cord during spinal surgery. To evaluate the effects of intravenous anesthetics on the lumbar spinal evoked potential (SpEP) and ScER, 28 @entity1707 were anesthetized with @entity1508 and an intravenous infusion of @entity3652 . After experimental preparation, anesthesia was maintained with @entity3652 , and the @entity1707 were divided into four equal groups (n = 7). The evoked responses were generated by delivering an electrical stimuli to the interspinous ligaments caudal to T1 and T2. The lumbar SpEP was recorded from the interspinous ligaments caudal to L2 and L3. The ScERs were recorded bilaterally from electrodes placed adjacent to the sciatic nerves. In Group 1 the effects of bolus dose administration of @entity3652 were evaluated. In Groups 2-4 anesthesia was maintained with @entity3652 by continuous infusion and the effects of @entity3575 , @entity681 , and @entity1875 on the L2 SpEP and ScER were evaluated. There was no significant change in either the amplitude or latency of the L2 SpEP with any anesthetic studied. @entity3652 administered in bolus doses (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) did not alter the ScER. After bolus doses of @entity3575 10 micrograms/kg or @entity681 1 micrograms/kg, there was a similar decrement in the amplitude of the ScER (P < 0.05) that recovered at 10 min without changes in latency. There were no changes in the ScER associated with infusion of @entity3575 1-5 micrograms.kg-1 x h-1 or @entity681 0.1-0.5 microgram.kg-1 x h-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intravenous anesthetic alterations on the spinal-sciatic evoked response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) contaminates thousands of kilometers of stream in the western United States. At the same time, @entity1568 loading to many mountain watersheds is increasing because of atmospheric deposition of @entity1507 and increased @entity1 use. Relatively little is known about @entity1568 cycling in acidic, heavy-metal-laden streams; however, it has been reported that one key process, denitrification, is inhibited under low pH conditions. The objective of this research was to investigate the capacity for denitrification in acidified streams. Denitrification potential was assessed in sediments from several Colorado @entity5173 -impacted streams, ranging from pH 2.60 to 4.54, using microcosm incubations with fresh sediment. Added @entity1507 was immediately reduced to @entity1568 gas without a lag period, indicating that denitrification enzymes were expressed and functional in these systems. First-order denitrification potential rate constants varied from 0.046 to 2.964 day(-1). The pH of the microcosm water increased between 0.23 and 1.49 pH units during denitrification. Additional microcosm studies were conducted to examine the effects of initial pH, various electron donors, and @entity68 (added as ferrous and ferric @entity68 ). Decreasing initial pH decreased denitrification; however, increasing pH had little effect on denitrification rates. The addition of ferric and ferrous @entity68 decreased observed denitrification potential rate constants. The addition of @entity413 and natural organic matter stimulated denitrification potential. The addition of @entity3884 had little effect, however, and denitrification activity in the microcosms decreased after @entity598 addition. These results suggest that denitrification can occur in @entity5173 streams, and if stimulated within the environment, denitrification might reduce acidity.

title: Denitrification potential in stream sediments impacted by acid mine drainage: effects of pH, various electron donors, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['Acid mine drainage', 'AMD']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A large, randomised trial ( @entity1585 -SHOCK II) confirmed no benefit of intra-aortic balloon pump ( @entity1585 ) on clinical outcomes of @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) complicated by @entity1455 . However, the 'sickest' @entity1 are often excluded from randomised clinical trials, so it is difficult to generalise expected outcomes from randomized clinical trials to the real life setting. AIM: We sought to evaluate the impact of @entity1585 on 1-year mortality of unselected @entity1 with @entity583 presenting in @entity1455 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were gathered for 1,650 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 transferred for primary angioplasty from hospital networks in 7 countries in Europe from November 2005 to January 2007 (the EUROTRANSFER registry population). Of them, 51 @entity1 with @entity1455 on admission were identified and stratified based on the use of @entity1585 . Outcome results were adjusted for age and sex, to control possible selection bias. RESULTS: At the discretion of the operators, @entity1585 was applied in 30 @entity1 (58.8%, @entity1585 group). The remaining 21 @entity1 were treated without @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ). The use of @entity1585 was more frequent among males, younger @entity1 , and @entity1 with @entity583 of the anterior wall. There was no difference in 30-day mortality in @entity1 with and without @entity1585 (no- @entity1585 vs. @entity1585 : 38.1% vs. 33.3%; adjusted OR 1.79 (95% CI 0.43-7.52); p = 0.43). Similarly, @entity1585 had no impact on 1-year mortality (42.9% vs. 33.3%; adjusted OR 1.27 (95% CI 0.32-5.09); p = 0.74). One-year mortality was comparable among @entity1 who survived hospitalisation (14.3% vs. 13%; p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: We observed no benefit of @entity1585 on short - and long-term mortality of unselected @entity1 with @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 .

title: Impact of intra-aortic balloon pump on long-term mortality of unselected XXXX with @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['no-IABP group', 'IABP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity455 after orthotopic liver transplantation are one of the most serious problems in liver-grafted @entity1 , and if undetected they may result in graft failure and @entity204 unless prompt revascularization or retransplantation is performed. As the outcome of treatment of @entity455 depends on an early diagnosis, the role of @entity3641 ( @entity3641 ) for diagnosis and treatment was analyzed during a 17-month observation period. Altogether, 88 consecutive liver allografts in 77 adult @entity1 were studied by serial @entity3641 . @entity455 occurred with an incidence of 12.9%. Hepatic artery complications represented the most frequent event with an incidence of 11.6%. @entity3641 showed a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 97% and a positive predictive value of 0.84. With the use of @entity3641 , vasculature and localization of the site of arterial complications can be directly visualized and the various types of complications can be differentiated, thus reducing the time needed for diagnosis. Early hepatic artery complications, occurring during the first 3 days after transplantation, which were immediately diagnosed by @entity3641 examination and rapidly treated by revascularization had a good clinical outcome. In contrast, the outcome of @entity455 requiring retransplantation was found to be poor. As radiologic intervention offers an alternative to the treatment strategy of @entity455 in liver-grafted @entity1 , @entity3641 is the method of choice to noninvasively monitor the initial and follow-up examinations after intervention.

title: @entity455 in adult XXXX after orthotopic liver transplantation: role of color duplex sonography in the diagnosis and management of @entity455 .

entities_list: @entity3641 :: ('MESH:D003117', 'Disease') :: ['CCD', 'color-coded duplex sonography']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications', 'Vascular complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incisional hernia continues to be a frequent complication of laparotomies. The purpose of study is the analysis of @entity66 relapse after one year after different open plasties methods of the abdominal wall. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was performed that included 142 @entity1 . An analysis was performed on the individual data, the level of @entity28 , @entity954 in intra-abdominal pressure, the intensity of post-surgical @entity158 , the @entity532 , and the types of plasties of abdominal wall, simple and with @entity7502 mesh. RESULTS: The analysis of studied group showed a general rate of relapse of 16.9%, and within the 4 procedures, 40.74% in the case of simple plasties, of 16.07% after the only plasties, 6.97% after the retro-muscular plasties, and 6.25% after the full substitution of @entity154 . On analysing the collected, hernia relapse was statistically significantly related to the level of @entity28 , variations in intra-abdominal pressure, post-surgical @entity158 , and the type of procedure performed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity547 is a frequent complication of laparotomies. @entity4557 was more frequent in the case of simple plasties. Among the mesh procedures, the onlay plasty showed a higher rate of relapse and @entity532 . @entity4557 was more frequent in the case of variations of intra-abdominal pressure, and with increased post-surgical @entity158 . The use of an echography examination may increase the accuracy of the presence of @entity66 .

title: [ @entity547 recurrence long term follow-up after open procedures of abdominal wall plasty-prospective study including 142 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['parietal defect']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hernia disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia relapse']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intra-surgical variations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Structural modifications induced by the binding of mitochondrial @entity908 kinase (mtCK) to saturated and unsaturated phospholipids were monitored by using Laurdan, a membrane probe sensitive to the polarity of the environment. The abrupt change characteristic of a phase transition of lipids alone was attenuated by addition of mtCK. Generalized polarization spectra indicated that mtCK surface binding changed the phospholipid liquid-crystalline state to a more rigid state. Infrared spectra of lipids further strengthened these results: upon mtCK binding, the phospholipid @entity845 chains had a more rigid conformation than that observed without mtCK at the same temperature. After mtCK binding to vesicles of perdeuterated @entity17595 and nondeuterated @entity34717 , no lateral phase separation was observed, suggesting that both lipids were rigidified. Moreover, mtCK bound to liposomes exhibited an uncommon red edge excitation shift of 19 nm, while that of the soluble enzyme was only 6 nm. These results indicated that the environment of some mtCK @entity2340 residues was motionally restricted. Strong stabilization of the enzyme structure against heat denaturation was observed upon lipid binding. In addition, lipids promoted a new reversible protein-protein or protein-lipid interaction, as evidenced by infrared data showing a slight modification of the beta sheet over alpha helix ratio with formation of a new 1632-cm(-)(1) beta sheet instead of the soluble protein 1636-cm(-)(1) one. Such modifications, inducing a decrease in the fluidity of the mitochondrial membranes, may play a role in @entity1423 ; they could be implicated in the appearance of contact sites between internal and external mitochondrial membranes.

title: Mitochondrial XXXX kinase binding to phospholipids decreases fluidity of membranes and promotes new lipid-induced beta structures as monitored by red edge excitation shift, laurdan fluorescence, and FTIR.

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['vesicle aggregation']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity34717 :: ('MESH:C002773', 'Chemical') :: ['dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity17595 :: ('MESH:D004134', 'Chemical') :: ['dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity927 and @entity8098 in the treatment of @entity931 . DESIGN: A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study. SETTING: University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. SUBJECTS: One hundred and three @entity1 complaining of heavy periods with a regular cycle recruited directly from general practitioners within the hospital catchment area and from consultants' gynaecology clinics. INTERVENTIONS: There were forty-six @entity1 on placebo with confirmed @entity931 , defined as @entity190 greater than 80 ml/cycle and mid-luteal serum @entity1420 concentration greater than 9 nmol/l). Twenty-one received @entity8098 (5 mg twice a day on days 19 and 26) and 25 received @entity927 (1 g four times daily on days 1 to 4) for two cycles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Menstrual @entity190 was measured using the alkaline haematin method. Haematological assessments were made both at the beginning and at the end of the study, questionnaires were given to assess subjective endpoints, and @entity1 were asked to report any adverse events during all cycles. RESULTS: @entity927 reduced mean @entity190 by 45%, from 175 ml to 97 ml (95% CI for the difference in @entity190 52 to 108, P < 0.0001), @entity8098 increased mean @entity190 by 20% from 173 ml to 208 ml (95% CI for the difference in @entity190 -64 to 2, P = 0.26). Fourteen (56%) @entity1 who received @entity927 achieved a mean menstrual loss of less than 80 ml per cycle during treatment, but only two (9.5%) who received @entity8098 achieved this mean menstrual loss. There were no serious adverse events reported for either drug. CONCLUSIONS: @entity927 is a safe and effective form of medical therapy in @entity1 with @entity931 and is highly likely to normalise @entity190 in @entity1 losing 80 to 200 ml prior to treatment. @entity8098 at this dose is not effective therapy for @entity931 .

title: Comparative study of @entity927 and @entity8098 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone', 'Norethisterone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual blood loss', 'blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid', 'Tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['ovulatory menorrhagia', 'menorrhagia']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['ovulatory menorrhagia']


abstract: @entity3440 exposure has been associated with @entity8 and @entity309 ; an autoimmune mechanism has been proposed. Approximately 2 million @entity1 are occupationally exposed to @entity3440 in the United States, 100,000 at more than twice the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit of 0.05 mg/m(3). We examined @entity8 morbidity and mortality, as well as @entity625 mortality, in a cohort of 4,626 @entity3440 -exposed workers in the industrial sand industry (an industry previously unstudied). We compared the cohort with the U.S. population and also conducted internal exposure-response analyses using a job-exposure matrix based on more than 4,000 industrial hygiene samples. We found excess mortality from @entity810 [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 2.61, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) = 1.49--4.24; 16 deaths], @entity740 (SMR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.13--2.22; 36 deaths), and @entity625 (SMR = 4.36, 95% CI = 2.76--6.54; 23 deaths) on the basis of multiple-cause mortality data, which considered any mention of disease on a @entity204 certificate. Linking the cohort with the U.S. registry of @entity454 for the years 1977-1996, we found an excess of @entity454 incidence (standardized incidence ratio = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.25--2.96; 23 cases), which was highest for @entity631 (standardized incidence ratio = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.55--7.93; 7 cases). We found increasing @entity454 incidence with increasing cumulative exposure; standardized rate ratios by quartile of cumulative exposure were 1.00, 3.09, 5.22, and 7.79. A positive exposure-response trend was also observed for @entity309 on the basis of @entity204 certificate data. These data represent the largest number of @entity8 cases analyzed to date in a cohort with well-defined @entity3440 exposure and suggest a causal link between @entity3440 and @entity8 . Excess risk of @entity454 due to a lifetime of occupational exposure at currently recommended limits is estimated to be 14%, above a background @entity454 risk of 2%.

title: @entity8 and @entity625 in a cohort study of workers exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['Silica', 'silica']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clarify the prevalence and mechanism of @entity4710 in @entity1 with right @entity4032 . BACKGROUND: Paired SA and dual atrioventricular (AV) nodes have been described in @entity1 with right @entity4032 . However, the clinical significance remains unclear. METHODS: From 1987 to 1996, a total of 101 @entity1 (61 male, 40 female) and four fetuses were identified with right @entity4032 . The diagnosis of @entity4710 exclude the @entity591 with prolonged QRS duration or @entity616 , and primary @entity591 . RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 38 months (range 0.2-270 months). @entity4710 was documented in 25 @entity1 (24.8%) and one fetus (25%) (onset age ranged from prenatal to 14 years old; median 4 years old). Actuarial Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the probability of being free from @entity591 was 67% and 50% at 6 and 10 years of age, respectively. These @entity591 could be converted by vagal maneuvers in one, @entity1855 in seven, @entity1169 in four, digoxin in two, @entity1818 in one, and rapid pacing in five. Spontaneous conversion was noted in six (including the fetus). Seven cases had received electrophysiological studies. Reciprocating AV @entity591 could be induced in five and echo beats in one. The @entity591 in three @entity1 was documented as incorporating a posterior AV node (antegrade) and an anterior or a lateral AV node (retrograde). Two of them received radiofrequency ablation. Successful ablation in both was obtained by delivering energy during @entity591 , aimed at the earliest retrograde atrial activity and accompanied by junctional ectopic rhythm. The @entity1 with echo beats developed @entity591 soon after operation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4710 is common in @entity1 with right @entity4032 and can occur during the prenatal stage. Drugs to slow conduction through the AV node may help to terminate the @entity591 . Radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective treatment alternative to eliminate @entity591 .

title: @entity4710 in XXXX with right @entity4032 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['atrial isomerism']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'Supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['AV dissociation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish whether the ability to use a wheelchair shortly after a @entity64 or continence are related to the likelihood of walking by time of discharge. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: An observational study in @entity1 admitted to a @entity64 rehabilitation unit for under-65s over a three-year period. METHODS: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) subscores for walking were examined on all @entity1 at time of admission and discharge. Walking was defined by an @entity177 > or = 5 in that section. Comparisons were then made between those who could self-propel a wheelchair within a week of admission with those who could not. Continence (defined by an @entity177 subscore of > or = 6 in that category) was also correlated to walking at discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Walking at time of discharge defined by an @entity177 > or = 5 in that section. RESULTS: From 393 admissions, 135 were excluded because they could already walk ( @entity177 subscore > or = 5 in that particular section) and three died during their admission. Out of the remaining 255 @entity1 , 108 could self-propel on admission and 147 could not. While 105 (97%) of the self-propellors could walk by time of discharge, only 91 (62%) of the non-propellors could do so (chi2 = 42.237, df = 1, P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 21.54 (6.52-71.51)). Although continence also predicted improved likelihood of walking, this was at a lower level of significance and correspondingly lower odds ratio (chi2=5.894, df = 1, P= 0.015, OR 1.94 (1.13-3.32)). CONCLUSIONS: The ability to self-propel a wheelchair shortly after a @entity64 is a significant predictor of eventually being able to walk. Our data suggest that it is even more significant than continence, which is the most consistent predictor previously found.

title: Predicting those who will walk after rehabilitation in a specialist XXXX unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The concentration of beta-subunit ( @entity7807 ) cannot be exactly quantified by means of competitive immunoassay in the presence of high levels of @entity1465 , e.g. during normal pregnancy. Although the specificity and sensitivity of immunometric assay with mixed monoclonal antibodies was much improved, false positive results of @entity7807 can, however, be obtained, if a high concentration of @entity1465 is present in the @entity7807 -IRMA (Ozturk et al. 1987). In this study @entity7807 was therefore measured by subtraction of the values obtained by 2 immunometric assays for @entity1465 + @entity7807 and @entity1465 in 174 serum samples of normal pregnant @entity1 during the 4th and 20th week of pregnancy. As both values did not differ, no @entity7807 activity could be confirmed. Serum samples from pregnant @entity1 or authentic substances ( @entity1465 and @entity7807 ) were analyzed qualitatively by means of gel filtration ( @entity1465 + @entity7807 activity in the fractions. In the chromatograms of pregnant serum, only one fraction with a @entity1465 activity was observed. No additional fraction corresponding to the @entity7807 activity could be identified in these chromatograms. It is concluded that, the secretion of @entity7807 in serum during pregnancy is very low (less than 1%) and that the @entity7807 activity measured by means of radioimmunoassay may possibly be due to an artifact.

title: [Secretion of beta- XXXX in pregnancy: an artefact?].

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['Sephadex-G100 column) and measurement of hCG and hCG', 'hCG']

answer: @entity1465 :: (93659,Gene) :: ['hCG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fast-tracking and early endotracheal extubation have been described in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity299 ( @entity299 ); however, criteria for @entity1 selection have not been validated in a prospective manner. Our goal in this study was to prospectively identify factors associated with the decision to defer endotracheal extubation in the operating room (OR). METHODS: We performed a prospective observational study of 275 @entity1 (median age 18 months) at the Mount Sinai Medical Center (MSMC), New York, New York, and 49 @entity1 (median age 25 months) at the University of Tokyo Hospital (UTH), Tokyo, Japan, undergoing surgery for @entity299 requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. These @entity1 were all eligible for fast-tracking, including extubation in the OR immediately after surgery, according to the respective inclusion/exclusion criteria applied at the 2 sites. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of @entity1 at the MSMC, and 65% of @entity1 at the UTH were extubated in the OR. At the MSMC, all @entity1 without aortic cross-clamp, and @entity1 with simple procedures (Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery [RACHS] score 1) were extubated in the OR. Among the remaining MSMC @entity1 , regression analysis showed that procedure complexity was still an independent predictor for not proceeding with planned extubation in the OR. Extubation was more likely to be deferred in the RACHS score 3 surgical risk @entity1 compared with the RACHS score 2 group (P = 0.005, odds ratio 3.8 [CI: 1.5, 9.7]). Additionally, trisomy 21 (P = 0.0003, odds ratio 9.9 [CI: 2.9, 34.5]) and age (P = 0.0015) were significant independent predictors for deferring OR extubation. We tested our findings on the @entity1 from the UTH by developing risk categories from the MSMC data that ranked eligible @entity1 according to the chance of OR extubation. The risk categories proved to predict endotracheal extubation in the 49 @entity1 who had undergone surgery at the UTH relative to their overall extubation rate, despite differences in anesthetic regimen and inclusion/exclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperatively known factors alone can predict the relative chances of deferring extubation after surgery for @entity299 . The early extubation strategies applied in the 2 centers were successful in the majority of cases.

title: Factors affecting the decision to defer endotracheal extubation after surgery for XXXX : a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease', 'CHD']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: The molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause cumulative dose-dependent @entity4349 - @entity1370 remain controversial and incompletely understood. Studies examining the effects of @entity8253 in cardiac myocytes inA vitro have demonstrated several forms of cellular injury. Cell death in response to @entity8253 can be observed by one of several mechanisms including apoptosis and @entity39 . Cell death by apoptosis can be inhibited by @entity10976 , the @entity68 chelator that is known to prevent clinical development of @entity712 at high cumulative @entity4349 exposure. Together with clinical evidence for @entity204 after @entity4349 exposure, in the form of elevations in serum troponin, make myocyte cell death a probable mechanism for @entity4349 -induced @entity299 . Other mechanisms of @entity130 include the development of cellular \' @entity6288 \' characterized by disruption of normal sarcomere structure. @entity8253 suppress expression of several cardiac transcription factors, and this may play a role in the development of @entity204 as well as @entity6288 . Degradation of the giant myofilament protein @entity10484 may represent an important proximal step that leads to accelerated myofilament degradation. @entity10484 is an entropic spring element in the sarcomere that regulates length-dependent @entity460 sensitivity. Thus @entity10484 degradation may lead to impaired diastolic as well as @entity299 , as well as potentiate the effect of suppression of transcription of sarcomere proteins. An interesting interaction has been noted clinically between @entity8253 and newer @entity5 therapies that target the @entity1722 receptor @entity669 kinase. Studies of @entity1722 function in viro suggest that signaling through @entity1722 by the growth factor neuregulin may regulate cardiac myocyte sarcomere turnover, as well as myocyte-myocyte/myocyte-matrix force coupling. A combination of further in vitro studies, with more careful monitoring of cardiac function after exposure to these @entity5 therapies, may help to understand to what extent these mechanisms are at work during clinical exposure of the heart to these important pharmaceuticals.

title: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of XXXX @entity1370 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracyclines', 'anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte injury']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury', 'systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte death']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity10976 :: ('MESH:D011929', 'Chemical') :: ['dexrazoxane']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: AIM: To determine the prevalence and time course of @entity3210 in individuals with newly diagnosed @entity6 after acute @entity788 . METHODS: Relevant literature cited in three major biomedical journal databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus) was reviewed independently by two authors. There were no language constraints but the search was limited to @entity1 studies. Studies included were cohort studies of adult @entity1 who were discharged after an attack of acute @entity788 . @entity1 were excluded if they were under 18 years of age or had a previous diagnosis of @entity6 , @entity3210 , or chronic @entity788 . The main outcome measure was the prevalence of concomitant @entity3210 in @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity5710 and @entity6 after an attack of acute @entity788 . Subgroup analysis was conducted for @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity5710 only and those who were diagnosed with @entity6 only. Subgroup analysis looking at the time course of concomitant pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency was also conducted. Pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all outcome measures and P-values < 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. RESULTS: Eight clinical studies comprising of 234 @entity1 met all eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of newly diagnosed @entity5710 or @entity6 in individuals after acute @entity788 was 43% (95%CI: 30%-56%). The pooled prevalence of @entity3210 in individuals after acute @entity788 was 29% (95%CI: 19%-39%). The prevalence of concomitant @entity3210 in individuals with newly diagnosed @entity5710 or @entity6 was 40% (95%CI: 25%-55%). The prevalence of concomitant @entity3210 among individuals with @entity5710 alone and @entity6 alone was 41% (95%CI: 12%-75%) and 39% (95%CI: 28%-51%), respectively. Further analysis showed that the prevalence of concomitant @entity3210 in individuals with @entity5710 or @entity6 decreases over time after an attack of acute @entity788 . CONCLUSION: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency occurs in 40% of individuals with newly diagnosed @entity6 after acute @entity788 . Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenesis of @entity6 in this setting.

title: Relationship between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'prediabetes or diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic exocrine insufficiency']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery remains @entity157 ( @entity157 ) originating in the caudate lobe. Our objective was to evaluate the safety and problems associated with caudate lobectomy combined with other types of hepatectomy. METHODS: We performed caudate resection for @entity157 in 12 @entity1 . Clinical and operative characteristics and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity5 were located in the Spiegel lobe in three @entity1 , the caudate process in six, and the paracaval portion in three. The procedure performed most was isolated partial caudate lobe resection (six @entity1 ). Three @entity1 underwent partial caudate lobe resection combined with other hepatectomy, and the remainder underwent total caudate lobe resection combined with other hepatectomy. @entity5 of the @entity1 who underwent combined total caudate lobe resection were mainly in the paracaval portion. The median operating time for the six @entity1 who underwent combined resection was 400 min, and their median intraoperative @entity190 was 1,683 ml. There were no @entity260 in @entity1 who underwent combined total caudate lobe resection, except one case of total resection combined with central bisegmentectomy. In that case, the remaining right posterior sector was twisted after liver extraction, causing blockage of the outflow of the right hepatic vein. The overall and recurrence-free survival rates did not differ between the isolated and combined resection groups. CONCLUSIONS: For removal of @entity157 located in the caudate lobe, especially the paracaval portion, partial or total caudate lobe resection with other types of hepatectomy contributes to safe, curative surgery if the liver functional reserve and complications associated with surgery are well understood.

title: Surgery for XXXX located in the caudate lobe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'difficult for hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14685 (TQ) has been documented to possess chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic antitumor effects. Studies reported that TQ inhibits the growth of @entity5 cells in animal models, culture and xenografted @entity5 . Molecular mechanisms underlying these anticancer effects were attributed to inductions of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules, blockade of @entity5 angiogenesis and inhibitions in migration, invasion and @entity3 of @entity5 cells. On the other hand, @entity1 telomere DNA plays a role in regulating genes' transcriptions. It folds up into G-quadruplex structures that inhibit telomerase enzyme over-expressed in cancerous cells. Molecules that selectively stabilize G-quadruplex are potential anticancer agents. Therefore, this work aimed to explore the interaction of TQ with G-quadruplex DNA as a possible underlying mechanism for the anticancer effect of TQ. METHODS: Interactions of TQ with telomeric G-quadruplex (5'-AGGG(TTAGGG)3-3') and duplex DNAs were studied using UV-vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, liquid and solid NMR ((1)H and @entity7352 ), melting temperature and docking simulation. RESULTS: Changes in UV-vis, @entity1050 , fluorescence, (1)H NMR and @entity7352 NMR, spectra as well as melting temperatures and docking simulations provided evidences for TQ's interactions with G-quadruplex. TQ was found to interact with G-quadruplex on two binding sites adjacent to the TTA loop with binding constants 1.80*10(5) and 1.12*10(7)M(-1). Melting temperatures indicated that TQ stabilized G-quadruplex by 5.6  C and destabilized ct-DNA by 5.1  C. Selectivity experiment indicated that TQ is preferentially binding to G-quadruplex over duplex with selectivity coefficients of 2.80-3.33*10(-3). Results suggested an intercalation binding mode based on   -   stacking. CONCLUSION: Our results propose that TQ can possibly act as a G-quadruplex DNA stabilizer and subsequently contribute to the inhibition of telomerase enzyme and @entity5 . GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Our results represent a change in the paradigms reported for structural features of G-quadruplex's stabilizers and anticancer mechanisms of TQ.

title: Interaction of XXXX telomeric G-quadruplex DNA with @entity14685 : A possible mechanism for @entity14685 anticancer effect.

entities_list: @entity14685 :: ('MESH:C003466', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymoquinone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', "cancer's proliferation", 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data were collected during an outbreak of @entity8573 , which occurred in Izmir, @entity233 , between January and March 2004. The source of the infection was raw meatballs made with a mixture of uncooked beef and pork. Of 474 @entity1 who were admitted at the Ataturk Training and Research Hospital during this period with a history of raw meatball consumption, the diagnosis of @entity8573 was confirmed for 154 (32.5%, 87 males and 67 females; mean age 31 years, range 6-67 years). Among @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis, 79% had @entity925 , 77% weakness and malaise, 63% @entity4841 , 40% jaw @entity158 , 68% fever, 63% periorbital and/or facial @entity4 , 49% @entity4 at the trunk and limb, 42% @entity490 , 40% @entity390 and @entity391 , 28% @entity294 , 23% subconjunctival @entity548 , 25% macular or @entity1910 , 4% subungual @entity548 , 15% cardiac complaints and 0.2% neurological complaints. Nine @entity1 (5.8%) were hospitalised due to severe @entity925 (n = 2), high fever (n = 3), neurological manifestations (n = 1), @entity2268 (n = 2) and palmar erythema (n = 1). @entity1712 was present in 88% of the confirmed cases at the admission. Elevated levels of serum @entity908 phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase and @entity492 aminotransferase were detected in 72%, 70% and 16% of the confirmed cases, respectively. The seroconversion occurred in most of the infected @entity1 between the 4th and 6th weeks after the infection. All of the confirmed cases were treated with @entity7400 . @entity1 with severe symptoms were treated also with @entity617 (60 mg/day for three days) and those with a moderately severe clinical pattern received a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug ( @entity3011 , 550 mg/day). All confirmed cases recovered without any clinical sequela.

title: Clinical and laboratory aspects of a XXXX outbreak in Izmir, @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'People', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity3011 :: ('CHEBI:7477', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen sodium']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['petechial rash']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity8573 :: ('MESH:D014235', 'Disease') :: ['trichinellosis']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity8573 :: (MESH:D014235,Disease) :: ['trichinellosis']


abstract: A universal label-free detection of bioanalytes can be performed with biomimetic @entity3674 crystal microbalance (QCM) coatings prepared by imprinting strategies. Bulk imprinting was used to detect the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) known as estradiols. The estrogen 17b-estradiol is one of the most potent EDCs, even at very low concentrations. A highly sensitive, selective and robust QCM sensor was fabricated for real time monitoring of 17b-estradiol in water samples by using molecular imprinted @entity2636 . Optimization of porogen ( @entity9435 ) and cross-linker ( @entity21542 ) levels leads to improved sensitivity, selectivity and response time of the @entity53 sensor. Surface imprinting of @entity2636 as sensor coating also allowed us to generate interaction sites for the selective recognition of bacteria, even in a very complex mixture of interfering compounds, while they were growing from their spores in nutrient solution. A double molecular imprinting approach was followed to transfer the geometrical features of natural bacteria onto the synthetic polymer to generate biomimetic bacteria. The use of biomimetic bacteria as template makes it possible to prepare multiple sensor coatings with similar sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, cell typing, e.g., differentiation of bacteria strains, bacteria growth profile and extent of their nutrition, can be monitored by biomimetic mass sensors. Obviously, this leads to controlled cell growth in bioreactors.

title: Biomimetic receptors for bioanalyte detection by XXXX crystal microbalances - from molecules to cells.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity21542 :: ('MESH:D010696', 'Chemical') :: ['phloroglucinol']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity3674 :: (MESH:D011791,Chemical) :: ['quartz']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2053 Background: @entity816 ( @entity816 ), @entity3271 ( @entity3271 ), and @entity816 ( @entity816 ) are the major histological categories of WHO grade 3 @entity11 . Most randomized trials pool both grades 3 or IV @entity11 in their analysis. Consequently, there is limited data on specific prognostic factors for @entity1 (pts) with grade 3 @entity11 . METHODS: After obtaining IRB approval, the Cleveland Clinic @entity1313 and Neuro-Oncology Center's database was used to identify pts with histologically confirmed grade 3 @entity11 at the time of diagnosis. Multivariable analysis was conducted with use of a Cox proportional hazards model and a stepwise selection algorithm that used p<.10 as the criteria for entry and p<0.05 as retention in the model to identify independent predictors of survival. RESULTS: Chart records of 336 pts (52% of whom were @entity1 ) diagnosed between 1994 and 2009 were included for analysis. The median age at presentation was 50 years (range, 1-88 years). 49% of pts had biopsy only, 21% had gross total resection (GTR), 5% had near total resection (NTR), and 25% had subtotal resection (STR). Following surgery, 92% of pts underwent radiation and 62% underwent concurrent chemotherapy. Median overall survival (OS) of @entity816 , @entity816 , @entity3271 was 17.0 months, 58.7 months and 74.2 months respectively. Median OS for all pts was 25.9 months. Five factors were identified as independent predictors of overall survival, age at diagnosis (p<0.001), Karnofsky Performance Status (p<0.001), histology ( @entity816 vs. @entity3271 , p<0.001), @entity66 (p=0.012) and type of surgery (GTR vs. biopsy, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Older age, poor performance status, @entity816 or @entity816 histology, and @entity66 were associated with higher mortality. GTR or STR, relative to biopsy, was associated with lower mortality. [Table: see text].

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX with WHO grade 3 @entity11 : The Cleveland Clinic experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal disease']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['AOA', 'Anaplastic astrocytoma', 'AA', 'anaplastic oligoastrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['AO', 'anaplastic oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Update of ongoing case series of intratympanic @entity801 use in intractable M  ni  re's disease. Comparison of the treatment results of two @entity801 concentrations: 30 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-matched review of an ongoing protocol. SETTING: Ambulatory visits in an office setting. @entity1 : Eighty-seven @entity1 were included in this study according to the 1995 guidelines of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) for reporting treatment results of M  ni  re's disease. INTERVENTION: Intratympanic injection of a buffered @entity801 solution (30 mg/ml) was used in 44 @entity1 (Group 1) in years 1992 to 1995. Stock @entity801 solution (40 mg/ml) was used in 43 @entity1 (Group 2) in years 1996 to 1999. Treatment was titrated for each @entity1 , and the hearing was strictly monitored. The endpoint of treatment was the complete cessation of vertigo spells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hearing results, vertigo control scores, and ice water caloric testing responses were analyzed after 24 months of follow-up. Thirty-two @entity1 from each group were selected for case-matched statistical analysis. RESULTS: Four or fewer @entity801 injections were used in 70% of Group 1 @entity1 and 96% of Group 2 @entity1 . In Group 1, vertigo control was achieved in 81% of @entity1 , and the hearing remained the same or was improved in 68% of @entity1 . In Group 2, vertigo control was achieved in 72% of @entity1 , and the hearing remained the same or was improved in 81% of @entity1 . Treatment was aborted in four @entity1 of Group 2 for early reversible @entity393 , and 31 of 39 @entity1 (79%) who completed the protocol experienced lasting vertigo control. There was a trend for longer-lasting vertigo control in the Group 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: It was concluded that increasing the @entity801 concentration to 40 mg/ml probably produces similar rates of vertigo control as those of the lower dose, at least initially, but requires fewer injections. The higher dose did not increase the risk of @entity393 if treatment was stopped at the first indication of injury. A larger study is needed to confirm the trend of improved long-term hearing results in @entity1 treated with the 40 mg/ml solution.

title: Efficacy of increased XXXX concentration for intratympanic injection therapy in M  ni  re's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper details the design and baseline characteristics of a study on the morbidity associated with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (GBP) in severely @entity28 adults. This study is designed to assess the effectiveness of GBP in reducing morbidity and maintaining @entity353 . A wide array of clinical tests and psycho-behavioral questionnaires are included as part of the study. METHODS: Three groups (n=1156 severely @entity28 ) have been recruited for this study: cases who were approved for and participated in surgery (n=415), a control group of GBP seeking individuals who were denied surgery (n=420) and a control group that was randomly chosen from a population of severely @entity28 @entity1 who were not seeking GBP (n=321). Clinical measures include: a physician interview and detailed medical history, resting electro- and echocardiograms, a submaximal exercise treadmill test and electrocardiogram, pulmonary function, limited polysomnography, resting metabolic rate, anthropometrics, resting and exercise blood pressure, comprehensive blood chemistry and urinalysis and dietary, quality of life and physical activity questionnaires. Most @entity1 (76%) were tested following an overnight stay in a clinical research center. Remaining @entity1 underwent less extensive testing in an outpatient clinic. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the 1156 @entity1 are available for selected measures. Mean+/-S.D. for BMI was 46+/-7.5 kg/m(2) (range=33 to 92) and for age was 44+/-11.4 years (range=18 to 72). The prevalence of @entity6 and @entity101 was 19% and 35%, respectively. Of the @entity1 who had an echocardiogram or polysomnogram, 92% had @entity4346 and 85% had mild to severe @entity387 . The two control groups were similar to the surgical group. At approximately 24 months, all @entity1 will have a second clinical examination. Statistical comparisons of changes in morbidity variables will be made between the surgical and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study design facilitates assessment of risks and benefits of GBP to perform recommendations on whether or not to perform surgery on the severely @entity28 @entity1 . Baseline and 2-year exams provide valuable data for comparison to future long-term follow-up data that can be collected at 5 and 10 years.

title: Design and rationale of the Utah XXXX study. A study to assess morbidity following gastric bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left-ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Australia 1% of individuals aged over 50 years have @entity191 ( @entity191 ). AIMS: Guidance for commencing @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) for @entity191 in Australia was developed based on a review of European recommendations and their relevance to the local clinical setting. METHODS: An online survey and teleconference discussions were held by a group of eight local @entity717 experts to develop consensus. RESULTS: Referral to a @entity717 specialist and consideration of @entity7712 is appropriate when motor fluctuations cause disability or reduced quality of life, response to treatment is inconsistent or motor fluctuations and @entity910 require frequent treatment adjustment without apparent benefit and @entity3034 is required four or more times daily. Three types of @entity7712 are available in Australia for @entity1 with @entity191 : continuous subcutaneous @entity3826 ; continuous @entity19432 intestinal gel infusion; and deep brain stimulation. All improve consistency of motor response. The most important aspects when considering which @entity7712 to use are the preferences of the @entity1 and their carers, @entity1 co-morbidities, age, cognitive function and neuropsychiatric status. @entity1 and their families need to be provided with treatment options that are suitable to them, with adequate explanations regarding the recommendations and comparison of potential device-related complications. @entity1652 are best managed, where possible, in a specialist centre with experience in all three types of therapy. CONCLUSION: Proactive and early management of symptoms during disease progression is essential to optimally maintain motor responses and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity191 .

title: Practical approaches to commencing @entity1652 for XXXX in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity19432 :: ('C009265', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa-carbidopa']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['DATs', 'device-assisted therapies']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: @entity785 ( @entity785 ) with involvement of vital organs has up to 50% 5-year mortality and no treatment is known which changes the natural history. Although components of vascular, immunological and fibrotic processes are involved, drugs such as @entity786 (CY), an alkylating agent and a potent immunosuppressive, have been partially effective in uncontrolled studies. The dose of such agents is limited by the inevitable @entity137 on the bone marrow, but this threshold may be superseded by first removing the @entity1 's own haematopoietic stem cells, followed by reconstitution of the marrow after high-dose myeloablative CY or other therapy. This autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) technique has been applied to approximately 650 @entity1 with severe @entity792 worldwide, > 100 of whom had @entity785 . Of these, 75 are included in the Basle registry. Around 70% of @entity1 responded with a significant (> 25%) improvement of the thickened skin and stabilisation of vital organ involvement. Approximately a third achieved a durable remission. The treatment-related mortality was 8.5%. Based on these encouraging Phase I/II study results, several multi-centre, international, prospective randomised Phase III trials are running or being planned. The preliminary data suggest that through such a jolt of heavy immunosuppression, the dysregulated autoaggressive immune system may be re-regulated. It is hypothesised that this results in fewer autoinflammatory and unwanted stimulatory signals to other systems such as vascular endothelium and fibroblasts, and these mechanisms are currently under study.

title: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of @entity785 and other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune disorders']


abstract: Increased levels of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity687 ( @entity687 ) have been reported in @entity66 , including @entity2 . The role of the soluble form of the @entity650 receptor (sIL-6R) remains to be explored. We therefore measured @entity650 , @entity687 and sIL-6R in effusion fluid and blood serum of 10 @entity2 @entity1 with @entity5641 (5 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 , age 64.3 +/- 4.4 years) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum levels of healthy individuals served as control. Concentrations of sIL-6R were much higher in serum compared to @entity1143 fluids of @entity5 @entity1 (25,698 +/- 1,993 vs. 9,438 +/- 1,407 pg/ml: p < 0.0001). In contrast, @entity650 and @entity687 were found at high concentrations in carcinomatous @entity1143 in comparison to serum ( @entity650 : 964 +/- 176 vs. 10.2 +/- 1.3 pg/ml, p < 0.0001; @entity687 : 319 +/- 85 vs. 9.6 +/- 9.6 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). The serum concentrations of @entity650 were not significantly increased in @entity2 @entity1 (10.2 +/- 1.3 pg/ml) in comparison to controls (7.3 +/- 1.0 pg/ml). @entity687 was detected in the serum of only 1 @entity1 and in low levels in the serum of controls (8.0 +/- 1.5 pg/ml; all values are mean +/- SEM). We conclude from this study that decreased levels of sIL-6R, but increased levels of @entity650 and @entity687 , are found in @entity1143 fluid of @entity1 with @entity2 and @entity5641 . The low sIL-6R levels in the presence of high @entity650 levels in @entity1143 and the high sIL-6R levels in the presence of low @entity650 levels in serum may suggest a downregulation of sIL-6R expression of sIL-6R shedding in the presence of excessive amounts of @entity650 .

title: Proinflammatory cytokine levels in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity5641 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous pleurisy']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6389 ( @entity6389 ) is a @entity4372 caused by @entity149 . Very few studies have assessed the overall economic burden of the disease. The objective of this study was to describe the utilization of health care resources of @entity1 with @entity6389 in the UK primary care setting, using a large population-based database. @entity1 AND METHODS: Adults with a first diagnosis of @entity6389 between January 1, 2007 and January 31, 2011, who were registered to a general practitioner (GP) practice contributing to @entity283 ( @entity283 ), were included. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed at the time of diagnosis. Health care resource utilization and pharmacological treatment were investigated at the end of the first and second year after diagnosis. RESULTS: Overall, 4,024 newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity6389 were identified, with average age at diagnosis of 45 years old; 65.3% were female. @entity308 in the year prior to diagnosis was the most common comorbidity. Primary care utilization was high in the first year, with 99.2% of @entity1 visiting their GP (on average 6.2 times), and 43% visiting a nurse (on average 2.5 times). @entity1 were most commonly referred to an orthopedic surgeon, and 15.9% reported at least one physiotherapy visit. In the second year, utilization was similar. Prescriptions of at least one of the investigated treatments were found in 82.0% and 45.3%, in the first and second year, respectively. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest a high number of new @entity6389 cases are being identified in primary care, but not all will be referred to secondary care. Health care resource utilization was compared with that of all @entity1 registered in @entity283 , which is representative of the UK, and the adjusted usage of primary care resources was found to be similar to that of the @entity283 population.

title: A retrospective study to assess resource utilization in XXXX with cervical dystonia in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['THIN', 'The Health Improvement Network']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic condition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity6 is a common chronic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The primary goal of treatment is to target glycemic control by maintaining the glycosylated hemoglobin level near 6-7% without predisposing @entity1 to @entity4053 . @entity6 results from a combination of increased hepatic @entity413 production, decreased insulin secretion from beta cells, and insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues. Currently available antidiabetic agents work by different mechanisms to lower blood @entity413 levels. Unfortunately, each of them has its tolerability and safety concerns that limit its use and dose titration. @entity12350 is the first antidiabetic agent from the class of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitors. It increases the amount of circulating incretins, which stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit @entity413 production. @entity12350 was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use with diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adult @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . It can be used alone or in combination with @entity2449 or a @entity12585 ( @entity12098 or @entity6170 ) when treatment with either drug alone provides inadequate @entity413 control. The usual adult dose is 100 mg once daily. A dose of 25-50 mg once daily is recommended for @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity8 . In randomized, placebo-controlled trials that lasted for up to 6 months, @entity12350 lowered glycosylated hemoglobin levels by 0.5-0.8%. In a 52-week clinical trial, @entity12350 was shown to be noninferior to @entity15506 as an add-on agent in @entity1 inadequately controlled on @entity2449 alone. @entity12350 was well tolerated with the most common side effects being @entity344 (up to 16%), including @entity490 , @entity390 and @entity294 ; @entity4053 and body @entity1017 occurred at similar rates compared with placebo. Overall, @entity12350 provides a treatment option for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 as a monotherapy, or as an adjunct to @entity2449 or a @entity12585 when @entity1 achieve inadequate glycemic control while on either of the agents. It is also an alternative therapy for those @entity1 who have contraindications or intolerability to other antidiabetic agents.

title: @entity12350 : a novel drug for the treatment of @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity12350 :: ('MESH:C496398', 'Chemical') :: ['Sitagliptin', 'sitagliptin']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity15506 :: ('MESH:D005913', 'Chemical') :: ['glipizide']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The purposes of this study were to detect the prevalence of ownership of a home sphygmomanometer among @entity101 subjects through a nation-wide survey, to investigate parameters affecting ownership of a sphygmomanometer, to compare how home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) was actually used in daily practice with some aspects of the current guidelines, and to discuss what we implemented to increase the reliability of HBPM in a developing country. A total of 2747 @entity101 @entity1 from 34 cities, representative of the Turkish population, were enrolled in the study. A multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to each @entity1 using the computer-assisted telephone interviewing method. Among 2747 @entity101 @entity1 , 1281 of them (46.6%) had a home sphygmomanometer. Most of the @entity1 were using wrist devices. The factors associated with ownership of a sphygmomanometer were female gender, older age, @entity28 , higher educational status, higher income level, living in urban areas, awareness of @entity101 and anti- @entity101 drug usage. Only 16% of the devices were used on the advice of a physician. The @entity1 learned usage of their device mainly from the sellers and their relatives. The ownership of a home sphygmomanometer is common among @entity101 @entity1 in @entity233 , but regular monitoring of blood pressure before physician visits is rare despite common ownership of these devices. Daily practice of HBPM in @entity233 was far from the recommendations of the current guidelines. More effort is needed to improve the reliability of HBPM.

title: Use of home sphygmomanometers in XXXX : a nation-wide survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether mature @entity1 articular chondrocytes (AC) exhibit an antiproliferative effect on activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and to compare this effect with other cells of mesenchymal origin. METHODS: AC from healthy cadaveric cartilage were grown for different passages, in the absence (control) or presence of factors enhancing cell de-differentiation ( @entity2533 , @entity540 , and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)bb-TFP medium). Cell ability to suppress PBMC proliferation driven by anti-CD3 antibody was measured by tritiated @entity1014 uptake following incubation for 48 h at different PBMC:AC ratios and expressed as percent of @entity41 ( @entity41 ). AC antiproliferative effect was compared to that of control dermal fibroblasts (DF) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). RESULTS: AC exhibited a cell number-dependent antiproliferative effect. The strongest effect (up to 2% @entity41 ) was measured using the least expanded AC cultures. The use of TFP medium for AC expansion resulted in a significantly lower antiproliferative effect, in the range of that induced by BMSC (up to 18% @entity41 ). Also DF induced a marked antiproliferative effect (up to 11% @entity41 ). CONCLUSION: We report for the first time that @entity1 AC have a marked antiproliferative effect on anti-CD3 stimulated PBMC, which is reduced upon culture in medium-inducing extensive cell de-differentiation. These results reflect the immunosuppressive properties observed for other different mesenchymal cell types and raise the question of a potential common physiological role in local tissue protection.

title: XXXX articular chondrocytes suppress in vitro proliferation of anti-CD3 activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['RP', 'residual proliferation']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)beta1']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']