abstract: Increasing survival rates in @entity1313 treatment have directed attention to the side effects of long-term disease control. Nevertheless, although the treatment protocols are continuously remodelled, the quality of life of @entity1 surviving for a long time is still poor. The most severe sequelae are @entity149 , which are associated with neurobehavioural alterations. The last are partly derived directly from the lesion localisation and treatments, but are often reinforced by academic and social failure. The deleterious effect of radiotherapy (CRT) is very well documented and confirmed in all the studies. The radiation dose delivered according to the age has reduced, but not fully eliminated, the negative influence on mental functioning. Also the CRT hyperfractionation has reduced, but not cancelled, this cognitive negative impact. Intrathecal methotrexate per se is responsible for a severe @entity73 , which can be even more severe in association to CRT. Some surgical approaches have been responsible for postoperative behavioural disturbances. Serial neuropsychological and behavioural evaluations, which should also include the survivors' own perception of their quality of life, are badly needed. The results of these evaluations should be covariate with several factors (age, type of surgery, lesion site, @entity1276 , complementary therapies) in an attempt to define interdisciplinary treatment protocols to maximise survival while minimising cognitive/behavioural deficits.

title: The neurodevelopmental price of survival in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive disorders']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['malignant brain tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Demographic and socioeconomic factors have an impact upon the morbidity and mortality rates of @entity565 in inner-city pediatric populations. Many pediatric @entity1 with @entity565 use the emergency room as their primary care physician, while a smaller number of @entity1 with @entity565 use the @entity566 -immunology clinic. OBJECTIVE: We examined the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of @entity748 @entity1 using the emergency room as their primary care physician and of those attending the @entity566 -immunology clinic in the same inner-city hospital. We compared the morbidity and cost of care of @entity748 @entity1 who received their medical care in the emergency room to that of those who received their care in the @entity566 -immunology clinic. METHODS: Fifty consecutive emergency room @entity1 and 25 clinic @entity1 were studied using an identical questionnaire. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two groups in the total number of individuals per household, @entity1 per family, monthly income, type or size of dwelling, financial problems purchasing medications, health insurance type, distance to the medical center, or education of the caretaker. Severity of @entity565 was not different in the two groups before the start of the study. The only significant demographic difference was in age: 10.6 years for the clinic group and 7.8 years for the emergency room group (P < .002). Clinically, in the year preceding the interview, the clinic group had significantly less nocturnal cough (P < .025), sleep interruption (P < .001), weekly @entity565 (P < .05), and emergency room visits (P < .09). The @entity566 clinic group had an approximate average savings of  137 per @entity1 per year. Hospital admissions and emergency room costs were increased by a small group of three @entity566 clinic @entity1 , decreasing the difference in the cost of care between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The data showed that @entity1 who attended the emergency room and those who attended the @entity566 -immunology clinic were not demographically or socioeconomically different. The decreased morbidity of @entity565 and cost of care for the @entity566 clinic @entity1 , as opposed to the emergency room @entity1 , are likely due to the care given in the @entity566 -immunology clinic.

title: Care of @entity565 : XXXX clinic versus emergency room.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fine-needle @entity1173 (FNA) of @entity3243 may cause a severe fibrotic reaction of the gland and surrounding structures, making surgery more difficult and histology more confusing. DESIGN: A study was conducted over a 33-month period to compare the operative findings of 30 @entity1 who underwent FNA of a @entity3243 to those of 3000 @entity1 who had not had their @entity3243 aspirated. Each @entity1 's normal parathyroid glands also served as internal controls. All aspirations were performed by referring physicians under direct ultrasound guidance within 3 months of surgery, and all @entity652 were located in routine positions. @entity1 who had previous thyroid or parathyroid surgery were not included. @entity1 with secondary or @entity2742 were not included. MAIN OUTCOME: The control group (non-FNA) showed a fibrotic reaction in 127 (4.3%) @entity5 appreciated by the surgeon and recognized on histology. In contrast, @entity5 undergoing FNA had a dense and often severely fibrotic reaction seen at surgery in 19 of 30 (63%) (p < 0.0001) and on histology in 23 of 30 (77%) (p < 0.0001). The fibrotic reaction appeared to mimic @entity5 on histology and increased in occurrence with increased numbers of @entity1173 passes and larger needle bore (p < 0.05). No normal glands (n > 7500) or @entity5072 glands (n = 488) demonstrated @entity82 in any @entity1 . Tumors that were aspirated required an eightfold increase in time to remove (p < 0.005) and more than doubled the total operative time (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: FNA of @entity3243 can cause a severe fibrotic process that typically involves adjacent tissues. This reaction dramatically increases the difficulty of surgical resection, often requiring microdissection techniques to preserve nerves and assure complete removal. The @entity82 can cause confusing histology mimicking @entity5 . FNA of @entity3243 should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.

title: Diagnostic @entity1173 of XXXX causes severe @entity82 complicating surgery and final histologic diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid tumor', 'parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Skull base @entity3580 and @entity511 pose management challenges owing to their critical location, locally aggressive nature, and high recurrence rate despite multimodality treatment. We used stereotactic radiosurgery as primary or adjuvant therapy to achieve safe and effective therapeutic irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: At an average of 4 years (range 1-7), we evaluated 15 @entity1 (nine with @entity3580 and six with @entity511 ) who had gamma-knife radiosurgery as an adjunct (13 @entity1 ) or as an alternative to microsurgical resection (two @entity1 ). @entity1 age varied from 7 to 70 years (mean 38). There was a distinct male preponderance (2:1). Thirteen @entity1 had undergone between one and four resections. Using conformal radiosurgical planning, a maximum @entity5 dose of 24-40 Gy (mean 36) and a @entity5 margin dose of 12-20 Gy (mean 18) was given to a mean @entity5 volume of 4.6 ml. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 showed clinical improvement, three remained stable, and four died. Two of the four @entity1 who died had @entity5 progression remote from the radiosurgery volume; two @entity1 died of @entity74 . Among 11 surviving @entity1 , follow-up imaging showed a reduction in @entity5 size in five, no further @entity5 growth in five, and an increase in the size of the @entity5 in one. The @entity1 with further @entity5 growth after radiosurgery subsequently underwent repeat resection. CONCLUSION: Despite the formidable management challenge posed by these @entity5 , our long-term evaluation has shown that radiosurgery is a safe and effective treatment for @entity1 with small @entity5 .

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for XXXX and @entity511 : further experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'volume tumors']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['unrelated disorders']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: To clarify the mechanism of gastric ulcer recurrence, we studied @entity1543 -induced @entity2275 . The healing of these @entity2275 was then studied for 4-21 weeks after the injection. Forty-eight @entity1066 were examined by macroscopic observation and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and by histologic study of the @entity1066 . @entity4653 has a higher radio frequency and provides more detailed information about the gastric wall than endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Thirteen healed and 35 non-healed @entity2275 were observed by macroscopic observation over 4-21 weeks. @entity4653 enabled us to observe the normal gastric wall of the @entity35 in five different layers. The @entity4653 echo patterns of the healed @entity1066 were all one pattern. On the other hand, we were able to classify the echo patterns of the non-healed @entity1066 into two different patterns; one pattern consisted of a high-echogenic region in the first and second layers with an underlying relatively high echogenic region in a horizontal pattern. The other pattern showed a poorly defined and spotted low-echogenic region in the first and second layers which fanned out toward the fifth layer. However, these two different @entity1066 could not be distinguished macroscopically. Histologic findings supported the results of the @entity4653 study which showed one pattern in healed @entity1066 and two patterns in non-healed @entity1066 . In the non-healed @entity1066 the two different patterns may be ascribed to the proliferation of collagen fibers. @entity4653 makes it possible to image the proliferation of collagen fibers and identify the two different types with an accuracy of 97%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of XXXX -induced @entity2275 in @entity35 by @entity4653 .

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SAM', 'scanning acoustic microscopy']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity56945 ( @entity56945 ) phenotype is recognised to be a severe manifestation of @entity11807 . Several families have been described in which the @entity56945 phenotype segregates as an @entity1112 . The mutations which cause @entity18913 are not known. OBJECTIVE: To determine if mutations in @entity1334 , which are known to cause @entity11807 complementation group B, are a cause of @entity18913 . METHODS: A three generation pedigree with @entity18913 was investigated. X inactivation was tested in carrier females, and fibroblasts from an affected male fetus were analysed for increased sensitivity to @entity19644 . @entity1334 coding exons and flanking splice sites were screened for mutations by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments amplified from genomic DNA. cDNA from affected fetal fibroblasts was analysed by PCR and direct sequencing using specific exonic primers. RESULTS: A @entity1334 mutation which results in a premature stop codon by causing skipping of exon 7 was identified. Chromosomes from the affected fetus showed increased sensitivity to @entity19644 , and carrier @entity1 were found to have 100% skewed X inactivation in blood. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity1334 are a cause of @entity18913 . The data presented are of relevance to the genetic counselling of families with isolated male cases of @entity56945 and @entity11807 .

title: XXXX complementation group B presenting as X linked @entity56945 syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X linked syndrome']

entities_list: @entity18913 :: ('MESH:C536078', 'Disease') :: ['X linked VACTERL-H syndrome']

entities_list: @entity56945 :: ('MESH:C564751', 'Disease') :: ['VACTERL-H', 'VACTERL with hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity19644 :: ('MESH:C007366', 'Chemical') :: ['diepoxybutane']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anaemia', 'autosomal recessive Fanconi anaemia']

answer: @entity11807 :: (MESH:D005199,Disease) :: ['Fanconi anaemia']


abstract: IFN signaling is mediated by binding of IFNs to their receptors and subsequent activation of Janus @entity669 kinase (JAK)-STAT signaling pathway. Stimulation of cells with @entity3027 leads to the assembly of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 transcription factor complex formed by @entity6897 , @entity17619 , and @entity7117 protein. @entity379 signaling is mediated by homodimeric @entity6897 protein. Although these signaling molecules are expressed constitutively, there is also evidence of transcriptional regulation by IFNs. We have characterized the expression of STAT and IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family transcription factors in primary @entity1 blood mononuclear cells and macrophages in response to @entity3027 and @entity379 stimulation. We show that @entity3027 and @entity379 rapidly and efficiently enhanced @entity6897 , @entity17619 , @entity7117 , and @entity9688 gene expression. @entity379 induced @entity9688 gene expression more strongly than @entity3027 . Stimulation experiments in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitor, @entity1880 , suggested that these genes were activated directly by IFNs. @entity29953 gene was apparently only weakly responsive to IFNs in these cells. When macrophages were pretreated with low doses of @entity379 and then stimulated with @entity3027 , clearly enhanced formation of specific transcription factor complexes was detected. This suggests that higher intracellular levels of @entity6897 , @entity17619 , and @entity7117 protein may result in enhanced signal transduction for cytokines utilizing these transcription factors.

title: Interferons up-regulate XXXX , @entity17619 , and IRF family transcription factor gene expression in @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6897 :: (6772,Gene) :: ['STAT1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tradition taught that @entity1 with signs suspicious of @entity697 should be explored surgically, but studies in the 1960s found that if this group was closely observed about one-third recovered without treatment. To differentiate these @entity1 a strict regimen of active observation was introduced and this has now been studied over 30 years. Ultrasonography, laparoscopy and computed tomography (CT) have also been used to clarify the diagnosis in these @entity1 . METHODS: Papers on the management of @entity1 with suspected @entity698 published since 1970 were traced through Index Medicus, English-language journals and Medline. All those that mention the use of observation are reviewed, with selective reports on the other methods used. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods of management are compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Active observation has yielded a consistently low negative appendicectomy rate without a rise in the perforation rate; there was one death in over 1600 @entity1 . It has proved to be a practical method of discriminating between @entity1 who do and do not need an operation. In this situation, both ultrasonography and CT yield some false-negative reports, so results must be checked at the bedside. Furthermore, CT involves exposure to significant doses of radiation.

title: Suspected XXXX : trends in management over 30 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: The orthostatic volume displacement associated with the upright position necessitates effective neural cardiovascular modulation. Neural control of cardiac chronotropy and inotropy, and vasomotor tone aims at maintaining venous return, thus opposing gravitational pooling of blood in the lower part of the body. The present concept of the vasovagal response or "common faint" implicates the development of inappropriate @entity299 due to sudden augmentation of efferent vagal activity, and @entity384 by sudden reduction or cessation of sympathetic activity. The venous pooling associated with lasting orthostatic stress results in development of central @entity3485 . At a certain point during the ongoing reflex adaptation to the @entity3485 in progress, a @entity9598 reflex is set in train. The @entity9598 reflex input along this second "peripheral" afferent pathway is postulated to originate from various sites in the cardiovascular system but remains uncertain. The common faint in @entity1 is of both vaso- and vagal origin; the pure vagal response is less common than its vasodepressor variant. There is strong evidence for an early @entity393 in the majority of fainting subjects. Blocking the vagus nerve or cardiac pacing is not of much help in preventing @entity907 ; though @entity3897 or pacing may prevent @entity1168 in vasovagal fainting, they have never been proven to prevent @entity551 . Baroreflex modulation of autonomic outflow remains present during the @entity5 until it becomes offset by an opposing @entity9598 reflex with relative @entity1168 and relaxation of arterial resistance vessels. The nature of the vasodilatation associated with the vasovagal response has still not been settled.

title: Neural circulatory control in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['presyncopal stages']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac slowing']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vasomotor tone']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['vasovagal syncope']


abstract: We sought to determine sensitivity of the @entity130 model of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) to severity of injury and to treatment. We examined the pattern of motor and @entity73 and recovery following @entity131 over a range of injury severities, and examined the efficacy of surface-induced moderate @entity2332 at three disparate injury levels. In experiment I, @entity35 were injured at one of eight injury severity levels from 0 mm (sham) to 2.5 mm depth of penetration. On postinjury day 1, balance beam, rotorod performance, and posture reflexes were evaluated. Motor outcome was increasingly impaired with increasing injury levels, with the pattern of deficits showing a step-like function. @entity73 , assessed using water maze on day 7, were more severe for the 2.5-mm group than for the 1.6-mm injury group, while the 1.0-mm group did not differ from the sham controls. In experiments II-IV, @entity2332 , 30 degrees C for 3-h duration or normothermia was applied to three injury levels: 1.0 mm, the least cortical deformation; 2.5 mm, the most deformation; and 1.6 mm, representing a level in-between. Neurologic outcome was assessed relative to shams on postinjury days 1, 3, and 5. The 1.0-mm group exhibited small deficits that recovered completely by day 3; the 1.6-mm group recovered to the level of shams by day 5, and the 2.5-mm group did not show significant recovery during the testing period. @entity2332 effectively attenuated behavioral deficits for the 1.6-mm group, but had no effect on the other two groups. These three observations--that increasing injury severity is associated with increasing motor and @entity73 , that injury severity is related to recovery time, and that @entity2332 treatment is selectively effective--have each been reported in the @entity1 @entity131 population; thus, moderate @entity130 in @entity35 may be a model with clinical predictability for evaluating neuroprotective therapies.

title: XXXX and sensitivity to treatment after controlled cortical impact in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cortical impact injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive deficits', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Injury severity']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of @entity7855 (viagra) on retinal venous diameter in @entity1 with @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). We investigated 14 male @entity1 in a double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. In each subject, one eye with typical non-exudative @entity1020 fundus features was studied. Each of the subjects received 100 mg dose of @entity7855 or matching placebo on two separate study visits. Monochromatic fundus photographs were obtained in the study eye before dosing and then 30, 90, 180 and 300 min later. Measurements of the diameter of the major retinal veins from digitized negatives were carried out using "Vessel map" static vessel analysis program (IMEDOS GmbH, Weimar, Germany). Statistical analysis of the data comparing the effect of @entity7855 and placebo on venous diameters was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the effects of @entity7855 and placebo on retinal vein diameters showed a significant interaction between time and treatment (P = 0.03). In comparison to placebo, @entity7855 produced a statistically significant vasodilatation of major retinal veins of 4.7% at 90 min (P = 0.004), 5.5% at 180 min (P < 0.0001) and 5.8% at 300 min (P < 0.0001). At 30 min there was a 2.2% difference, which was not statistically significant (P=0.14). Our results suggest that in @entity1 with @entity1020 , @entity7855 (viagra) produces a statistically significant vasodilatation of major retinal veins that is similar to what has been reported in normal subjects. Whether this vasodilatation is associated with changes in retinal blood flow needs to be further investigated.

title: Effect of viagra on retinal vein diameter in @entity1020 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'sildenafil citrate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether 16 weeks of heavy resistance exercise training combined with daily @entity2124 administration (GH) increases @entity79 in 64-75-year-old @entity1 greater than resistance exercise training without GH supplementation. DESIGN: Eighteen healthy, elderly @entity1 (67 +/- 1 year) followed a 16-week progressive resistance training programme (75-90% maximum strength, 5-10 repetitions/set, 4 sets/day, 4 days/week) after double-blind, random assignment to either a GH (12.5 or 18 micrograms/kg/day, equivalent to 25 or 36 mU/kg/day, n = 7) or placebo (n = 11) group. MEASUREMENTS: Before and at the end of 16 weeks of resistance exercise with or without GH administration, body composition, whole body and regional @entity79 ( @entity79 ) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum osteocalcin and @entity442 were determined by radioimmunoassay before, during and at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Increments in fat-free mass and training-specific maximum voluntary muscle strength were similar in both groups after training. Serum @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and osteocalcin levels were increased (P < 0.05) after exercise training plus GH. In comparison to initial measures, @entity79 (g/cm2) of the proximal femur (Ward's triangle) was increased (P < 0.05) after 16 weeks of exercise training plus placebo treatment. Sixteen weeks of exercise training plus GH treatment did not increase whole body, spine or hip (femoral neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle) @entity79 more than exercise plus placebo treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that in these older @entity1 with normal @entity79 , short-term resistance exercise training increased regional @entity79 , but the addition of daily GH administration did not enhance whole body or regional @entity79 despite GH-induced increments in serum @entity442 and osteocalcin. This implies that GH administration during a 16-week resistance exercise training programme may @entity79 without increasing bone mineral accumulation.

title: Effect of resistance exercise and XXXX on bone density in older @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['increase bone turnover', 'bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Selective inactivation of a target gene by antisense mechanisms is an important biological tool to delineate specific functions of the gene product. Approaches mediated by ribozymes and RNA-cleaving DNA enzymes (DNA enzymes) are more attractive because of their ability to catalytically cleave the target RNA. DNA enzymes have recently gained a lot of importance because they are short DNA molecules with simple structures that are expected to be stable to the nucleases present inside a @entity1 cell. We have designed a strategy to identify accessible cleavage sites in @entity2858 @entity5024 RNA from a pool of random DNA enzymes, and for isolation of DNA enzymes. A pool of random sequences (all 29 nucleotides long) that contained the earlier-identified 10-23 catalytic motif were tested for their ability to cleave the target RNA. When the pool of random DNA enzymes was targeted to cleave between any A and U nucleotides, DNA enzyme 1836 was identified. Although several DNA enzymes were identified using a pool of DNA enzymes that was completely randomized with respect to its substrate-binding properties, DNA enzyme-1810 was selected for further characterization. Both DNA enzymes showed target-specific cleavage activities in the presence of @entity1025 only. When introduced into a @entity1 cell, they showed interference with @entity2858 -specific gene expression. This strategy could be applied for the selection of desired target sites in any target RNA.

title: In vitro-selected RNA cleaving DNA enzymes from a combinatorial library are potent inhibitors of XXXX gene expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main cause of @entity204 after heart transplantation (HTx) is so-called early primary or secondary graft failure (GF). The risk of profound GF has not declined in the past decade, as the consequence of the liberalisation of donor acceptance criteria because of the scarcity of donors. It is therefore important to try to diagnose graft failure and recognise the mechanisms of early @entity813 . AIM: To establish haemodynamic and echocardiographic criteria of early GF to define @entity1 who should be considered for assist device support or re-transplantation. METHODS: Between January 2000 and March 2009, 116 HTx @entity1 were studied. On the basis of echocardiography and continuous invasive monitoring, three groups were identified: (1) The true graft failure group (GF) consisted of 46 @entity1 ; (2) The latent right ventricular (RV) dysfunction group (RV-D) consisted of 25 @entity1 with small left ventricular (LV) chamber (    39 mm) and RV ejection fraction (RVEF)     50%; (3) The control group consisted of 45 consecutive HTx @entity1 without any @entity532 . RESULTS: Postoperatively, only the GF group required large doses of @entity1063 (    0.3  mg/kg/min) and inhalative NO (40 ppm). Nevertheless, right and left filling pressures were significantly higher than in the controls (right 12    3.6 vs. 9.0    2 and left atrial pressure 13.0    3.2 vs. 9.6    2 mm Hg, both p     0.001). Cardiac index was significantly smaller (2.9    0.7 vs. 3.7    0.9, p     0.001) but neither pulmonary artery pressure (29.5    6 vs. 29.7    7 mm Hg) nor transpulmonary gradient (6    5 vs. 5.1    5 mm Hg) nor pulmonary vascular resistance (273    97 vs. 287    144 dyn   s   cm-5) differed significantly from those of the control group. In the GF group, LV end diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was significantly smaller and function poorer than in controls (39.8    5 vs. 44.4    5 mm, respectively, p = 0.001). RV function was also significantly worse (RVEF 42.2    14% vs. 56.0    9%), respectively, p = 0.001), whereas RV dimension did not differ significantly. Mechanical support after failure of the initial medical treatment was necessary in 37% of @entity1 ; 29 (63.0%) @entity1 from the GF group died, the cause of @entity204 being sepsis with @entity881 . In the RV-D group, remodelling was quite similar but LVEF was excellent and maximal systolic velocity from the posterior wall was significantly higher than in GF. No @entity204 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: True early GF represents a grave haemodynamic situation with high mortality. Bedside echocardiography helps to distinguish between latent RV dysfunction and true GF.

title: Clinical, haemodynamic and echocardiographic features of early cardiac XXXX .

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic complications']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'death']

answer: @entity813 :: (MESH:D055031,Disease) :: ['graft dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of early diagnosis of recurrence and early revision after resection of primary spine @entity5 . METHODS: From March 1989 to September 2005, the relate clinic data of 55 @entity1 with @entity2967 , @entity13626 , @entity511 and @entity3580 in spine in big piecemeal and current fashion was analysed. RESULTS: In 55 cases, 43 @entity1 were followed up and had complete materials. The follow-up time ranged from 1.6 to 16.5 years, averagely 5.8 years. Thirty-four @entity1 followed up regularly, and 12 were found recurrent, in which one C(1) @entity2967 was found extensively large 3 months after initial surgery and was undertaken palliatory curet. The other eleven lesions were small and re-operated with wide margin. As a result, six @entity1 lived without @entity5 during the 1 approximately 9.5 years follow-up, one @entity1 gave up revision when found recurred again for economic reason, another four @entity1 recurred repeatedly, but they persisted in regular follow-up and took revision surgeries whenever the recurred lesion were found. As a result, 3 of them lived without @entity5 and the other one died of other disease without sign of recurrence. In contrast, there were another nine @entity1 who came to follow up until they had symptoms and were confirmed recurrent extensively. Two of them were excised radically for the @entity5 located in the relatively easily exposed segments of spine and lived without @entity5 now. While the other seven @entity1 only received palliatory curet and all died of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Regular follow-up, early diagnosis of recurrence and early revision need to be regarded as part of radical excision and are very important of surgical treatment of @entity5 , which can prolong the @entity1 ' survival time.

title: [The effect of early diagnosis of recurrence and revision after resection of primary spine XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors', 'giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: We report a @entity1 with partial @entity2418 associated with a distal chromosome 10p deletion. The initial manifestation was @entity3747 convulsion at the age of 14 days. The @entity1 was small for her gestational age and showed symptoms of poor feeding and inspiratory stridor. @entity154 included a cupped ear, @entity5766 downslanted and short palpebral fissures frontal bossing, anteverted nostrils, a flat nasal bridge, and @entity4239 . @entity245 was also noted. @entity509 of the thymus was detected by ultrasound examination, but results of immunologic studies were all normal at 6 weeks of age. The echocardiogram, brain ultrasound, electroencephalogram, and magnetic resonance images of the brain were normal, but brainstem auditory evoked potentials showed bilateral @entity1274 . Chromosomal analysis showed 16, XX, del(10)(p12.3); the parents had normal karyotypes. After treatment with @entity560 , @entity10041 , and @entity2399 , the patient's serum @entity460 and @entity1760 levels were within normal limits. She was discharged and received regular follow-up at our clinic for physical therapy and to ensure adequate supply of divalent cations. Complex partial @entity410 was noted at the age of 1 year and was controlled with @entity2049 . To our knowledge, this is the first Taiwanese reported to have partial @entity2418 associated with 10p deletion. We recommend that standard karyotyping should be performed in @entity1 suspected to have this @entity154 .

title: Partial XXXX associated with 10p deletion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'Facial dysmorphisms']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['DiGeorge anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity2418 :: (MESH:D004062,Disease) :: ['DiGeorge anomaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) is a rare form of @entity3181 at the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), the hepatic veins, or both. We assessed our 4-year experience in the management of @entity3181 to evaluate the results of our methods of care. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of a nonrandomized clinical trial conducted in three teaching hospitals. Among 28 primary @entity3181 @entity1 , 9 remained in medical treatment only, and 19 who failed to respond to medical treatment received additional endovascular (n = 17) or surgical therapy (n = 2). Nine underwent IVC balloon angioplasty alone, 6 had angioplasty plus stents, and 2 had @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) for @entity99 . One @entity1 had a mesoatrial bypass; another had liver transplantation. Immediate response to the therapy was assessed with angiography and ultrasonography based on anatomic and/or hemodynamic correction or reduction of the lesion. Subsequent assessment of portal @entity101 status was made with periodic clinical and laboratory evaluation (eg, ultrasonography, liver biopsy). RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 had had IVC @entity850 or @entity432 by focal or segmental lesion. Two @entity1 had @entity99 . There was no evidence of @entity1003 as the pathogenesis; all were related to @entity6323 . Excellent immediate response to the endovascular therapy and subsequent relief of portal @entity101 were achieved in 14 @entity1 . Four @entity1 had @entity256 or progression of the residual lesion within 2 years; three responded to repeated stenting. Primary patency was 76.5%, and primary assisted patency was 94.1%. Two @entity1 with @entity5273 and two with surgical therapy maintained excellent results. The medical treatment remained effective only in a limited group of 6 (21.4%) of the 28 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity3181 , both endovascular and surgical interventions provide excellent results and potentially halt liver parenchymal deterioration caused by portal @entity101 . Liver transplantation remains the ultimate solution for advanced @entity1578 .

title: Primary @entity3181 : outcome of endovascular management for suprahepatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['membranous obstruction of the vena cava']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts', 'TIPS']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic venous outflow obstruction', 'Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic vein outlet obstruction', 'hepatic vein lesions']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['venous obstruction']


abstract: 1. Ten postcards were shown to groups of ten to twenty @entity1 over 60, 90 or 270 min after intravenous injection of saline, @entity3175 (10 and 20 mg), @entity12029 (1 and 2 mg) and @entity2934 (4 mg). 2. Incidence of @entity2730 was estimated by the @entity1 ' ability to recall or recognize these cards and to recall various other incidents in the para-anaesthetic period. 3. The use of a dummy confirmed the reliability of the method of testing for @entity2730 in @entity1 . 4. @entity12029 produced a dose-related incidence of @entity2730 slightly longer than with the equivalent (1 x 10) dose of @entity3175 . 5. The onset of @entity2730 was slower with @entity2934 (4 mg) but appeared to last for up to four hours. 6. This amnesic action of @entity2934 was paralleled by a useful sensitive effect but there was no similar correlation for @entity3175 and @entity12029 . 7. With three drugs of different duration of action it should be possible to produce @entity2730 for any required clinical situation.

title: Relative amnesic actions of XXXX , @entity12029 and @entity2934 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity12029 :: ('MESH:D005445', 'Chemical') :: ['Flunitrazepam', 'flunitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Further clarification is needed with regard to the degree of @entity194 in individual muscle groups and its possible relationship to joint torque deficit poststroke. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate quadriceps and hamstring muscle volume and strength deficits of the knee extensors and flexors in @entity1 with chronic @entity1269 compared with a control group. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Thirteen individuals with @entity1269 due to @entity64 (hemiparetic group) and 13 individuals who were healthy (control group) participated in this study. Motor function, quadriceps and hamstring muscle volume, and maximal concentric and eccentric contractions of the knee extensors and flexors were assessed. RESULTS: Only the quadriceps muscle of the paretic limb showed reduced muscle volume (24%) compared with the contralateral (nonparetic) limb. There were no differences in muscle volume between the hemiparetic and control groups. The peak torque of the paretic-limb knee extensors and flexors was reduced in both contraction modes and velocities compared with the nonparetic limb (36%-67%) and with the control group (49%-75%). The nonparetic limb also showed decreased extensor and flexor peak torque compared with the control group (17%-23%). Power showed similar deficits in strength (12%-78%). There were significant correlations between motor function and strength deficits (.54-.67). LIMITATIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging coil length did not allow measurement of the proximal region of the thigh. CONCLUSIONS: There were different responses between quadriceps and hamstring muscle volumes in the paretic limb that had quadriceps @entity2057 only. However, both paretic and nonparetic limbs showed knee extensor and flexor torque and power reduction.

title: XXXX and functional deficits of knee extensors and flexors in @entity1 with @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['Muscle atrophy']


abstract: The development of @entity11604 in the @entity35 following intraperitoneal injections of various concentrations of neutral @entity10457 (pH 7-4) was studied using histology, histochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative techniques. Daily injections of 0-5 M @entity1391 consistently produced @entity11604 after 6 days or more. @entity460 deposits were at first confined to the basement membranes of proximal tubules; but a longer course of injections, up to 10 days, resulted in additional basement membrane calcification in the outer cortes, and outer medulla, together with intra-luminal casts, often calcified, in the outer medulla and papilla. Calcification was not found in other organs such as liver, lung, heart or aorta. Results from quantitative estimations of total kidney @entity460 and @entity3151 suggested that it was the @entity460 content which was important to the initiation of @entity11604 . Ultrastructural changes, suggestive of degeneration or alteration in function, were found in mitochondria of proximal tubules in experimental animals before the onset of histologically evident @entity11604 . Later changes, especially to the basal part of proximal tubular cells and their basal laminae, were thought to be consequent upon the mitochondrial changes. It is suggested that the @entity8 was caused both directly, by a toxic effect of the @entity1391 load on the kidney and, indirectly, by stimulation of the parathyroid glands as a result of the hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia which followed an injection of @entity1391 . Daily doses of 1 M @entity1391 for 3 days produced a type of @entity11604 which was more typical of that reported by previous investigators, who used high doses of @entity1391 . Twice daily injections of 0-25 M @entity1391 for 6 days did not induce @entity11604 , whereas 0-375 M @entity1391 given twice daily for 6 days produced only minimal @entity460 deposits compared with animals given 0-5 M @entity1391 once daily for the same period. This may have important clinical implications, since @entity1391 has been used to control hypercalcaemia of various etiologies.

title: The development of @entity11604 in the XXXX following injections of neutral @entity10457 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['initial renal damage']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essentially required for @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 . Production of precursor enzymes is regulated on transcriptional level, while activation of the pro-enzymes is tightly controlled by posttranscriptional mechanisms. The enzyme activity can be blocked by specific tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). In cervical @entity189 strong up-regulation of the type IV collagenase @entity1495 had been demonstrated. We show that activation of @entity2936 , a receptor highly expressed on cervical @entity189 , induces @entity1495 in @entity2622 cells, whereas @entity2843 production inhibiting @entity1495 activity was not affected. This gene induction pattern corresponded to the differential activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) regulating @entity1495 , but not @entity4104 ( @entity4104 ), which is involved in @entity2843 gene regulation. Transient expression of the @entity2936 -inducible @entity2451 subunit @entity9135 was sufficient for @entity1495 induction. Agents that suppressed @entity2936 -mediated @entity2451 activation also reduced @entity1495 induction, further supporting an important role of @entity2451 in @entity2936 -mediated @entity1495 induction. Our data suggest that @entity2936 expression in @entity189 cells might convert a @entity11603 -dependent immunological defense signal into a @entity5 -promoting signal. Selective @entity2936 -mediated signaling through @entity2451 but not @entity4104 correlates to a shift of the balance between @entity1495 and @entity2843 toward the protease.

title: XXXX induces matrix-metalloproteinase-9 but not tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in @entity2622 cells: imbalance between @entity2451 and @entity4104 activation.

entities_list: @entity4104 :: ('6774', 'Gene') :: ['STAT3', 'signal transducer and activator of transcription 3']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity11603 :: (959,Gene) :: ['CD40L']


abstract: @entity145 are relatively common @entity75 encountered in neurosurgical practice. While @entity145 are most commonly observed to remain of fixed volume over time, little is actually known about their natural history and optimal method of treatment. We present 2 young @entity1 with middle fossa @entity145 . In 1 @entity1 , the cyst enlarged over time, prompting neurosurgical intervention. However, in the other @entity1 , the cyst resolved spontaneously without intervention. The @entity1 whose cyst enlarged underwent cyst wall fenestration and cyst-peritoneal shunting. For the @entity1 whose @entity145 disappeared without treatment, there was no history of @entity130 or antecedent @entity10 . These 2 cases serve to illustrate in a single report that middle fossa @entity145 can be dynamic in nature, with some growing in size while others spontaneously resolving. In both cases presented, the temporal lobe on the affected side was compressed by the large cyst. Following treatment or spontaneous resolution of the cyst, the temporal lobe reexpanded, suggesting a normal volume of temporal lobe, and not temporal lobe agenesis. In asymptomatic @entity1 with moderate-sized @entity145 such as the ones demonstrated in these case reports, we suggest close follow-up with serial imaging before deciding on a final treatment plan.

title: Middle cranial fossa XXXX that come and go. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lesions']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts', 'Arachnoid cysts', 'arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The exact role of postoperative radiotherapy following curative surgery of @entity189 has been debated. In this retrospective study, we examined the effect of radiotherapy on the survival and recurrence rate of @entity5 @entity1 who underwent total mesorectal excision. METHODOLOGY: Since June 1994, stage II and III @entity5 @entity1 have been recommended to receive postoperative chemoradiation. Among 175 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone total mesorectal excision, 120 @entity86 (group A) and 55 @entity1 declined to receive radiation therapy (group B). For the two groups, survival and recurrence rates were compared. Mean follow-up time was 24.7 months. There was no difference between two groups with regard to sex, mean age, stage of the disease, mean @entity5 height, type of operation and mean follow-up duration. RESULTS: Overall recurrence rate showed no difference between the two groups (24.0% vs. 25.0%, P = 0.28). Local recurrence rate was also similar (10.0% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.11). There was no significant difference in duration to initial recurrence (14.0 months vs. 11.0 months, P = 0.18). The 5-year disease-free survival was 57% in group A and 63% in group B (P = 0.33). Disease-free survival in stage II was significantly better than in stage III. (78% vs. 42% overall, 70% vs. 37% in group A, 92% vs. 44% for group B, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found no beneficial effect of postoperative radiation therapy following total mesorectal excision for the @entity5 . So far, the prognosis was critically dependent on the stage rather than presence or absence of radiotherapy after total mesorectal excision.

title: Is postoperative radiotherapy useful for the XXXX in the era of total mesorectal excision?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['completed postoperative chemoradiation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present a case of @entity7025 with @entity932 complicating pregnancy. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 36-yr-old parturient at 34 wk gestation presented with left @entity1269 , @entity10 , @entity390 and @entity391 . Subsequent deterioration in level of consciousness and the development of a dilated right pupil necessitated immediate intubation. Urgent non-contrast CT scan revealed a large right @entity1779 with @entity3976 . The @entity1 underwent simultaneous emergency Cesarean section and craniotomy. A postoperative angiogram revealed findings consistent with @entity7025 . The neonate survived but the @entity1 developed severe @entity2657 and died eleven days postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Adult @entity1 with @entity7025 often present with @entity932 which poses unique anesthetic challenges. We report a case of @entity1779 during pregnancy, which is known to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. The anesthetic techniques are reviewed and discussed.

title: XXXX and @entity7025 in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['transtentorial herniation']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage', 'intracerebral hematoma']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: AIMS: The main focus of this study is to illustrate the importance of the statistical analysis in the evaluation of the accuracy of @entity311 diagnostic tests, without admitting a reference test, exploring a dataset (n=3317) collected in S  o @entity13105   and Pr  ncipe. METHODS: Bayesian Latent Class Models (without and with constraints) are used to estimate the @entity281 prevalence, together with sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values of three diagnostic tests ( @entity138 , Microscopy and PCR), in four subpopulations simultaneously based on a stratified analysis by age groups (< 5, >=  5 years old) and @entity221 status (febrile, afebrile). RESULTS: In the afebrile individuals with at least five years old, the posterior mean of the @entity281 prevalence is 3.2% with a highest posterior density interval of [2.3-4.1]. The other three subpopulations (febrile >=  5 years, afebrile or febrile @entity1 less than 5 years) present a higher prevalence around 10.3% [8.8-11.7]. In afebrile @entity1 under-five years old, the sensitivity of microscopy is 50.5% [37.7-63.2]. In @entity1 under-five, the estimated sensitivities/specificities of @entity138 are 95.4% [90.3-99.5]/93.8% [91.6-96.0]--afebrile--and 94.1% [87.5-99.4]/97.5% [95.5-99.3]--febrile. In individuals with at least five years old are 96.0% [91.5-99.7]/98.7% [98.1-99.2]--afebrile--and 97.9% [95.3-99.8]/97.7% [96.6-98.6]--febrile. The PCR yields the most reliable results in four subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS: The utility of this @entity138 in the field seems to be relevant. However, in all subpopulations, data provide enough evidence to suggest caution with the positive predictive values of the @entity138 . Microscopy has poor sensitivity compared to the other tests, particularly, in the afebrile @entity1 less than 5 years. This type of findings reveals the danger of statistical analysis based on microscopy as a reference test. Bayesian Latent Class Models provide a powerful tool to evaluate @entity311 diagnostic tests, taking into account different groups of interest.

title: Bayesian Latent Class Models in XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: AIM: To study long term effects of @entity4020 (IFN alpha 2a) on @entity5863 in seven @entity1 with Beh  et's disease in a prospective, open clinical trial. METHODS: Seven @entity1 were treated with @entity4020 a for a mean of 23.6 months (14-37 months). They received an initial dose of IFN alpha 2a of 6 x 10(6) IU/day, followed by 3 x 10(6) IU/day after 1 month and 3 x 10(6) IU every other day after 3 months. Two @entity1 received low dose @entity617 (between 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg/body weight) additionally at the beginning of the therapy. Complete cessation of @entity4020 a was possible in three @entity1 (observation period 22, 6, and 4 months). RESULTS: Marked improvement occurred in six @entity1 who had ocular manifestations of Beh  et's disease for the first time or with minor damage during their course of chronic relapsing @entity5863 . In one @entity1 with advanced ocular Beh  et's disease, new relapses were prevented. Retinal infiltrates resolved within 2 weeks; @entity1333 , @entity4 , infiltration of the anterior chamber and vitreous resolved within 4 weeks. Mean posterior @entity1596 score before treatment (nine affected eyes) was 6.6, 4 weeks after IFN it was reduced to 0.4. The mean observation period is 27.6 months, ranging from 14 to 42 months. CONCLUSION: Treatment of ocular symptoms of Beh  et's disease with @entity4020 a alone or in combination with low dose @entity230 led to complete remission of @entity1333 in all @entity1 treated in this open, uncontrolled trial. Treatment with @entity4020 a may prevent permanent @entity989 due to @entity432 . No severe side effects occurred. Controlled randomised studies are warranted in order to prove the efficacy of @entity4020 a in ocular Beh  et's disease and to compare it with other, established treatments such as @entity500 or @entity205 .

title: Treatment of ocular symptoms of Beh  et's disease with XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['ocular vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal or optic nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['IFN alpha 2', 'interferon alpha 2a']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity4020 :: (3440,Gene) :: ['interferon alpha 2a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are the most common @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical treatment is the only chance of cure for @entity1 with a primary localized @entity677 . A laparoscopic approach has been considered reasonable for these @entity5 of gastric origin. The current study compares the outcome of laparoscopic versus open resection of gastric @entity674 and compares our series with the few published studies comparing the open versus the laparoscopic approach. METHODS: From a prospectively collected database, we found 53 primary @entity356 resections that were performed in our department. Laparoscopic (LAP) resections were performed in 37 @entity1 and traditional (OPEN) resections in 16 @entity1 . Clinical and pathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes were analyzed according to surgical procedure. RESULTS: @entity1 who underwent LAP or OPEN resection of gastric @entity674 did not differ with respect to age at operation, gender, clinical presentation, and @entity5 size. Operative time was significantly lower for LAP than for OPEN resection, with a mean duration of 45 and 132.5 min, respectively (p < 0.001). LAP resection yielded a significantly shorter length of stay (median 7 vs. 14 days; p = 0.007) and lower 30-day morbidity rate (2.7 % vs. 18.9 %; p = 0.077). The operative mortality was 12.5 % after OPEN resection and there was no operative mortality after LAP (p = 0.087). The recurrence rate was significantly lower after LAP surgery (0 % vs. 37.5 %; p < 0.001). All @entity1 in the LAP group are alive without recurrence, and 25 % (4/16) of the OPEN group are alive with recurrence but in complete remission under @entity2213 treatment. Two @entity1 of the open group died due to progression of @entity677 (p = 0.087). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to open resection, laparoscopic resection of gastric @entity5 is associated with a shorter operation time, a shorter hospital stay, and a lower recurrence rate.

title: Laparoscopic versus open resection of XXXX of the stomach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stromal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: A major role has been proposed for group II @entity3900 in the pathogenesis of local and generalised inflammatory reactions. Elevated catalytic activity and mass concentrations of this enzyme have been found in serum and tissue samples of the colon in @entity1 with active @entity31 . The cellular source(s) of group II @entity3900 in the blood circulation is (are) unknown. In the current prospective study, we investigated the mass concentration of group II @entity3900 and the catalytic activity concentration of @entity3900 in serial serum samples of 15 consecutive @entity1 who underwent a standard panproctocolectomy operation for severe @entity31 . Both the catalytic activity concentrations of @entity3900 and the mass concentrations of group II @entity3900 increased rapidly in serum samples to maximum values on the first postoperative day and then decreased (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively) in @entity1 who recovered uneventfully. Three @entity1 had @entity260 that further increased the enzyme concentrations at the time of respective complications. The pattern of group II @entity3900 mass concentration profiles was similar to the profiles of @entity1851 . The results show that the removal of the large bowel does not eliminate the potential to secrete group II @entity3900 into the blood circulation in these @entity1 . Secretion of group II @entity3900 into the circulation after surgery seems to be a normal host response to a major @entity260 . Consequently, we conclude that the large bowel is not an important source of group II @entity3900 in sera of @entity1 with @entity31 . The results also support the assumptions that the catalytic activity of @entity3900 in serum is attributable to group II @entity3900 and that this enzyme is an acute phase protein.

title: Serum phospholipases A2 in XXXX undergoing panproctocolectomy because of severe @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal operation and postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To assess the use of topical negative pressure (TNP) in the management of severe @entity298 . METHODS: This is a four-year prospective analysis from January 2005 to December 2008 of 20 @entity1 requiring TNP following laparotomy for severe @entity298 . RESULTS: There were 11 males with an average age of (59.3 +/- 3.95) years. Nine had a perforated viscus, five had anastomotic leaks, three had @entity130 , and a further three had severe @entity4134 . TNP and the VAC(R) Abdominal Dressing System were initially used. These were changed every two to three days. Abdominal closure was achieved in 15/20 @entity1 within 4.53 +/- 1.64 d. One @entity1 required relaparotomy due to @entity295 . Two @entity1 with severe @entity298 due to perforated @entity66 received primary @entity254 at second look laparotomy, as @entity295 and their general condition improved. In the remaining 5/20 cases, the abdomen was left open due to bowel @entity4 and or @entity4 . Dressing was switched to TNP and VAC GranuFoam. Three of the five @entity1 returned a few months later for abdominal wall reconstruction and restoration of intestinal continuity. Two @entity1 developed intestinal fistulae. All 20 @entity1 survived. CONCLUSION: The use of TNP is safe. Further studies are needed to assess its value in managing these difficult cases.

title: Topical negative pressure in managing severe XXXX : a positive contribution?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'residual sepsis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'abdominal wall oedema']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['faecal peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic bowel injury']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: Chemical permeabilization has been widely studied for the release useful metabolites from many types of plant cells and tissues. In this study, the effect of 0-30% (v/v) of aqueous @entity1042 solutions were used to permeabilize @entity1460 for the release of two @entity24826 : @entity8139 and @entity670 . The release of these metabolites increases with increasing @entity1042 concentrations. The amounts of @entity8139 and @entity670 released can increase up to 40- and 86-fold, respectively, when incubated in a 30% (v/v) @entity1042 solution for 24 h compared with those incubated with water only. The effect of @entity1042 on the release rates is primarily due to an increase in solubility of the stored @entity8139 and @entity670 (14- to 18-fold) inside the seeds, thus maximizing the concentration gradients for metabolite release. However, the viability of the seeds dropped with increase in @entity1042 concentrations and the incubation time. The viability of @entity1460 (indicated by their ability to germinate) after permeabilization treatment with 0-20% (v/v) @entity1042 solutions was maintained above 80% throughout the 24 h, whereas no seeds were found to be viable when 30% (v/v) @entity1042 solution was used. The permeability coefficients (P) of @entity8139 and @entity670 were found to increase as the @entity1042 concentration used was increased. These P values were estimated to range from 1.1 x 10(-)(9) to 1.9 x 10(-)(8) m/s and 1.0 x 10(-)(9) to 1.7 x 10(-)(8) m/s, respectively. The increase in P can be attributed primarily to an increase in the partition coefficient of the metabolites in the @entity1460 seedcoats. An empirical correlation is proposed in which the log P values are described as a function of the metabolite molecular weights and the partition coefficients of the metabolites between @entity10333 and water, K(oct/water), which was modified to include the effect of @entity1042 present. Knowledge obtained from this study will help provide useful selection criteria for chemical permeabilization of plant tissues, such as seeds, with minimal loss in their viability.

title: Permeabilization of metabolites from biologically viable XXXX ( @entity1460 ).

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity24826 :: ('CHEBI:50753', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavonoids']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'soybeans']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybeans']


abstract: We describe in detail a 67-yr-old @entity1 who was treated with a cytostatic combination chemotherapy for newly diagnosed @entity981 . At the end of induction therapy, the @entity1 acquired invasive @entity281 affecting lung and brain. The @entity1 entered complete remission of her @entity1778 . Treatment with liposomal @entity2379 was initiated along with surgical excision of the fungal @entity867 . Intrathecal instillation of @entity2379 deoxycholate was started using an Ommaya reservoir because of an anatomical connection between the postoperative cavity and the ventricle. Full dose cytostatic chemotherapy was continued with little delay. A computerised tomography scan of the chest performed 2 months later revealed no fungal abscesses. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain did not reveal any fungal manifestation. During maintenance therapy/week 69, the @entity1 relapsed from @entity1778 . High doses of intravenous liposomal @entity2379 were administered prophylactically. The @entity1 's @entity1778 proved refractory to reinduction chemotherapy and the @entity1 died from pneumonia 8 wk later. Post mortem microbiological investigation and histopathological examination of lung and brain tissue did not reveal any macroscopical or microscopical fungal manifestations. This case underlines the feasibility and successful application of combined antileukaemic, antifungal and surgical therapy in a @entity1 with @entity1778 .

title: Successful treatment of invasive XXXX affecting lung and brain in an adult suffering from @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['common-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mould infection']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'acute leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['mould infection']


abstract: @entity3034 ( @entity3034 ) is one of the few allelochemicals in which the phytotoxic action mechanism has been studied. Excess exogenous L-dopa suppresses root elongation in some plant species, and the inhibitory action is species-selective. The main factor of phytotoxicity of L-dopa is considered to be oxidative damage by reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and/or @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ). This study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of species-selective phytotoxicity. The involvement of ROS/ @entity5815 and @entity3978 oxidase (PPO) in species-selective phytotoxicity was examined with barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and lettuce ( @entity12681 .), tolerant and susceptible species, respectively. Lipid peroxidation and melanin accumulation correlated with growth inhibition by L-dopa. Antioxidants, @entity620 and @entity1881 , decreased lipid peroxidation and melanin accumulation and rescued lettuce root from growth inhibition. The oxidation of L-dopa by PPO was much greater in lettuce than in barnyardgrass. From these results, the phytotoxicity of L-dopa is considered due to the oxidative damage caused by ROS/ @entity5815 generated from the melanin synthesis pathway. PPO activity might be involved in the mechanism of species-selective phytotoxicity between barnyardgrass and lettuce.

title: Mechanism of selective phytotoxicity of @entity3034 ( XXXX ) in barnyardgrass and lettuce.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['L-dopa', 'L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12681 :: ('4236', 'Species') :: ['Lactuca sativa L']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['FRS', 'free radical species']

answer: @entity3034 :: (MESH:D007980,Chemical) :: ['l-dopa']


abstract: 1. Broiler @entity1573 given diets high in protein, or choice-fed on a high protein balancer, had much lower abdominal fat contents than those reported in many recent experiments. The values for males were 10.8 g/kg liveweight at 56 d at 2.43 kg liveweight in one experiment in Scotland and 16.0 g/kg liveweight at 42 d at 1.93 kg liveweight in another in South Africa. For females the values were 18.8 g/kg liveweight at 56 d at 2.15 kg liveweight in Scotland and 15.7 g/kg liveweight at 42 d at 1.60 kg in South Africa. 2. The content of abdominal fat was, in general, increased by reducing the protein content of the diet or by dilution of the food with oil or starch. It was, in general, reduced by diluting the food with dietary fibre which also reduced liveweight gain. 3. The results are consistent with the idea that @entity1573 attempt to control their food intake so that they achieve a particular @entity1386 . This level of @entity1386 differs between the sexes and between degrees of @entity2175 .

title: Nutritional effects on the growth and XXXX .

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['fatness of broilers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is one of the @entity715 complications that can occur in @entity1 receiving @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The prevalence of @entity1211 in @entity8 @entity1 is, however, undefined. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the rate of a first episode of @entity1211 in a series of 538 consecutive @entity8 recipients admitted to our institution, the timing of occurrence of the @entity1031 events after transplantation, and the rate of recurrence after thromboprophylaxis withdrawal. Risk factors for recurrence were also evaluated, particularly in relation to the type of the first event (symptomatic or asymptomatic). RESULTS: During follow-up, 47 of 518 @entity1 (28 males, 19 females; 9.1%) developed a first episode of @entity1211 at a median time of 17 months (range 1-165 months) after kidney transplantation. @entity5 was associated with the occurrence of @entity1211 (odds ratio 4.8). Seventeen of 43 @entity1 (39.5%) with @entity1150 were asymptomatic and the diagnosis was made during routine ultrasound examination. Twenty-two @entity1 (46.8%) experienced a recurrence of @entity1211 . A relevant rate of recurrence was documented amongst @entity1 with a first episode of both symptomatic (53%) and asymptomatic (23.5%) @entity1211 . CONCLUSION: This study confirms that @entity8 @entity1 are at high risk of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1211 and that this risk persists even after several years. @entity1 who experience @entity1211 are at high risk of recurrence after thromboprophylaxis withdrawal.

title: Renal transplant recipients are at high risk for both symptomatic and asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'renal transplantation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: From 1970 to 1985, 64 @entity1 underwent surgical management for @entity11677 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Their ages ranged from 1 to 63 years with a mean of 12.4 years. Ninety-one percent of the @entity1 were available for follow-up. All @entity1 underwent one of three forms of treatment: the classic Sistrunk operation, a modified Sistrunk operation, or excision of the cyst only. Eleven percent had undergone a previous procedure. The majority of @entity1 were found to have a cyst in the midline at the level of the hyoid bone. Eighty-eight percent of the @entity1 underwent excision of the midportion of the hyoid bone. There were no postoperative deaths and the perioperative complication rate was 20 percent, the majority being wound-related. All recurrences took place within 4 months of operation. Factors that appeared to be associated with an increased risk of complications and recurrence included young @entity1 age (less than 10 years), rupture of the cyst at the time of operation, infection, and failure to excise the midportion of the hyoid bone and the suprahyoid tract. One @entity1 was found to have a mixed @entity1377 in the thyroglossal duct. We support the original premise of Sistrunk that "the cure of @entity11677 are unsuccessful unless the epithelium-lined tract, running from the cyst to the foramen cecum is completely removed," including the hyoid bone.

title: Is the treatment for XXXX too extensive?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11677 :: ('MESH:D013955', 'Disease') :: ['thyroglossal cyst', 'thyroglossal duct cysts']

answer: @entity11677 :: (MESH:D013955,Disease) :: ['thyroglossal duct cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of diagnostic soft-tissue ultrasound (US) on management of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 with clinical @entity2688 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in an urban @entity341 of adult @entity1 with clinical soft-tissue infection without obvious abscess. The treating physician's pretest opinions regarding the need for further drainage procedures and the probability of subcutaneous fluid collection were determined. Emergency sonologists then performed US of the infected area, and the effect on management plan was recorded. RESULTS: Ultrasound changed the management of @entity1 with @entity2688 in 71/126 (56%) of cases. In the pretest group that was believed not to need further drainage, US changed the management in 39/82 (48%), with 33 receiving drainage and 6 receiving further diagnostics or consultation. In the pretest group in which further drainage was believed to be needed, US changed the management in 32/44 (73%), including 16 in whom drainage was eliminated and 16 who had further diagnostic interventions. US had a management effect in all pretest probabilities for fluid from 10% to 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Soft-tissue US changes physician management in approximately half of @entity1 in the @entity341 with clinical @entity2688 . US may guide management of @entity2688 by detection of occult abscess, prevention of invasive procedures, and guidance for further imaging or consultation.

title: The effect of soft-tissue ultrasound on the management of @entity2688 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the functional and oncological results after re-operation for recurrent WHO grade II @entity11 located in eloquent regions. METHOD: We reviewed a consecutive series of 19 @entity1 with GIIG within functional areas who underwent two operations separated by at least 1 year. Intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping was used in all operations for recurrence and in 14 of the initial procedures. A specific rehabilitation was provided. FINDINGS: At the first operation, we performed 14 subtotal and 5 partial resections. Eighteen @entity1 returned to a normal socio-professional life. Nine @entity1 received adjuvant treatment. At the second operation, we performed 1 total, 13 subtotal and 5 partial resections. Three @entity1 with a preoperative @entity51 improved, 13 remained unchanged, and 3 slight new deficits appeared. In 14 of the 17 @entity1 with preoperative @entity302 , the @entity410 were reduced or disappeared. Sixteen @entity1 returned to a normal socio-professional life. Pathohistological examination showed that 11 @entity5 had progressed to high-grade @entity11 . The median time between the two operations was 4.1 years (range 1 to 7.8 years) and the median follow-up from initial diagnosis was 6.6 years (range 2.3 to 14.3 years). No @entity204 occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Repeat operations guided by intra-operative electrical stimulation is an efficacious treatment for recurrent grade II @entity11 in an eloquent area.

title: Re-operation is a safe and effective therapeutic strategy in recurrent WHO grade II XXXX within eloquent areas.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['chronic epilepsy']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: Most solid- @entity5 @entity5 remain incurable. Novel agents that target and counteract biologic mechanisms are now being developed. It is hoped that these drugs will allow for more effective, less toxic @entity5 treatments and long-term maintenance approaches. One important class of agents functions by an anti-angiogenic mechanism, targeting the blood vessel supply of the @entity5 and inhibiting @entity5 growth. Several principles are common to these new agents. First, because many of these agents are growth-inhibiting molecules that work exclusively against the @entity5 vasculature, single agents will have little effect on @entity5 size in advanced disease. Second, because these agents are relatively non-toxic, they are unlikely to induce the side effects associated with chemotherapy. Because endothelial cells seldom divide in a human host, anti-angiogenic compounds are expected to produce @entity137 . Third, most of these agents work synergistically with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Ironically, combining these relatively non-toxic agents with chemotherapy often produces the @entity137 usually associated with anticancer regimens. Anti-angiogenic agents might ultimately be studied in minimal disease. Clinical studies must demonstrate that these agents affect @entity5 vasculature, and phase I trials should include built-in surrogate endpoints. This article defines the general principles of anti-angiogenic drug action and explains how these principles have been used to design a phase I trial of @entity1 @entity10120 .

title: Clinical studies of angiogenesis inhibitors: the University of Texas MD Anderson Center Trial of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'little toxicity']

answer: @entity10120 :: (80781,Gene) :: ['Endostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary @entity980 ( @entity980 ) of the nose and the paranasal sinuses occur very rarely. Treatment of these @entity5 usually is conducted according to standardized therapy protocols like the German Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study (CWS) or the Intergroup @entity980 Study (IRS). The role of surgery still remains controversial. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective analysis of 15 @entity1 with an @entity980 of the nose or paranasal sinuses treated between 1979 and 2000 is presented. @entity1 ' age ranged from 2 to 60 years, with an average of 22 years. Histologic subtypes encompassed 9 embryonal (e) and 6 alveolar (a) @entity980 . Resection of the @entity5 with subsequent radiochemotherapy (RCT) was performed in 6 cases, and primary RCT, in 9 cases. The average duration of follow-up was 4 years and 10 months. RESULTS: Overall 5-year survival was 40%. In the @entity1 group subjected to @entity5 resection with subsequent RCT, 5-year survival was 66%, compared with 33% after exclusive primary RCT. With respect to histologic subtype, 5-year survival was 55% for eRMS, as compared with 33% for aRMS. Moreover, infiltration of the skull base and the presence of a @entity41 after primary therapy constituted factors associated with an unfavorable clinical course. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical removal of @entity5 with subsequent radiochemotherapy can be recommended if a complete resection and functionally and cosmetically satisfactory results appear possible. @entity1 with eRMS showed an overall more favorable clinical course than @entity1 with aRMS.

title: XXXX of the nose and paranasal sinuses: treatment results in 15 cases.

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'RMS', 'rhabdomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyosarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2950 is a common cause of @entity158 that radiates from between the third and fourth metatarsals and which, when symptomatic, creates sensations of burning or sharp @entity158 and @entity1183 on the forefoot. Many conservative and surgical interventions are employed to reduce associated @entity158 , but not enough research has been conducted to recommend @entity1 to any one approach as the most reliable source of @entity158 management. PURPOSE: The objective of this case report is to describe the effect of massage therapy on one @entity1 with symptomatic @entity2950 . @entity1 : A physically active 25-year-old female with diagnosed symptomatic @entity2950 who has not found relief with previous conservative intervention. INTERVENTION: Six session of massage therapy once weekly for 60-75 minutes focused on postural alignment and localized foot and leg treatment. The client also completed an at-home exercise each day. Change was monitored each week by the massage therapist reassessing posture and by the client filling out a @entity158 survey based on a Visual Analog Scale. RESULTS: The client reported progressive change in the character of the @entity158 from burning and stabbing before the first session to a dull, pulsing sensation after the third session. She also recorded a reduction in @entity158 during exercise from a 5/10 to 0/10 (on a scale where 10 is extreme @entity158 ). CONCLUSION: This study describes how massage therapy reduced @entity158 from @entity2950 for one client; however, larger randomized control studies need to be done in order to determine the short- and long-term effects of massage therapy on this @entity158 .

title: Therapeutic Massage Provides Pain Relief to a Client with XXXX : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANT', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2950 :: ('MESH:D009463', 'Disease') :: ["Morton's neuroma"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful condition', 'pain']

answer: @entity2950 :: (MESH:D009463,Disease) :: ['Morton's Neuroma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity955 are common after thoracic surgery. @entity2643 and @entity2399 have been used for the management of @entity955 following cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. However, to our knowledge, comparisons of both drugs with each other and with a control group in relation to the prevention of AF following lung surgery have not been performed. Our primary aim in this study was to prospectively evaluate the prophylactic effects of @entity2399 and @entity2643 used separately and compare them with a control group analyzed retrospectively during and following lobectomy surgeries. @entity1 AND METHODS: The prophylactic value of @entity2643 (group A; 219 @entity1 ) administered as an intravenous infusion (15 mg/kg for 48 h postoperatively) after a loading dose (5 mg/kg) was compared with @entity2399 (group M; 219 @entity1 ) administered intravenously as a loading dose (80 mg/kg @entity2399 over 30 min preoperatively) and then as an intravenous infusion (8 mg/kg/h for 48 h) in 438 @entity1 undergoing lobectomy. These two groups were compared with a control group of 219 @entity1 who were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The results showed significantly lower incidences of AF in groups A and M when compared with group C (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the @entity2643 and @entity2399 groups. However, the incidence of postoperative AF was lower in the @entity2643 group, where only 21 (10 %) @entity1 developed AF in comparison to 27 (12.5 %) @entity1 in the @entity2399 group. Group C showed a higher incidence, 44 (20.5 %) @entity1 , when compared with both groups. In addition, there were significant differences between the three groups concerning intensive care unit (ICU) and total hospital stays (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that during the intra- and postoperative periods, both @entity2643 and @entity2399 are effective at preventing the incidence of @entity955 following lung resection surgery in comparison to the control group.

title: A comparative study between XXXX and @entity2399 as antiarrhythmic agents for prophylaxis against @entity955 following lobectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillations']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: 1. Eight subjects performed two-legged exercise, one leg with low and the other with normal muscle glycogen content. The purpose was to study the effect of low initial muscle glycogen content on the metabolic response during 1 h of exercise and 2 h of recovery. This model allows direct comparison of net fluxes of substrates and metabolites over the exercising legs receiving the same arterial inflow. 2. Muscle glycogen breakdown during exercise was 60% lower in the leg with a reduced pre-exercise glycogen concentration and the rate of @entity413 uptake during exercise was 30% higher. 3. The amount of @entity2388 that was oxidized during exercise was calculated to be approximately 450 mmol in the low-glycogen leg and 750 mmol in the normal-glycogen leg, which suggests more fat and @entity535 oxidation in the low-glycogen leg. 4. During exercise, there was a significant release of @entity1522 not metabolized in the muscle, e. g. @entity669 and @entity815 , only from the low-glycogen leg, suggesting an increased rate of net protein degradation in this leg. 5. The release of @entity669 and @entity815 from the low-glycogen leg during the exercise period and the change in their muscle concentrations yield a net @entity669 and @entity815 production rate of 1.4 and 1.5 mmol h-1, respectively. The net rate of protein degradation was then calculated to be 7-12 g @entity27539 . The results suggest that the observed differences in metabolism between the low-glycogen and the normal-glycogen leg are induced by the glycogen level per se, since the legs received the same arterial supply of hormones and substrates.

title: Effect of muscle glycogen on @entity413 , lactate and XXXX metabolism during exercise and recovery in human subjects.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Selective @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors cause significantly fewer @entity10189 than conventional nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in @entity1 at low risk or high risk for @entity10189 . On the other hand, proton pump inhibitor co-therapy has also been shown to be effective in preventing relapse of @entity10189 in high-risk @entity1 using nonselective NSAIDs. We compared the efficacy of a selective @entity3840 inhibitor with that of proton pump inhibitor co-therapy in the reduction in the incidence of @entity1066 in @entity1 with a history of NSAID-related @entity10189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, we recruited 224 @entity1 who developed @entity1066 after NSAID use. We excluded @entity1 who required concomitant @entity117 treatment and who had @entity8 . After healing of @entity1066 and eradication of @entity1534 , @entity1 were randomly assigned to treatment with @entity12698 200 mg daily (n = 120) or @entity1623 750 mg daily and @entity10042 30 mg daily (n = 122) for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was recurrent @entity1066 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 24 weeks, 4 (3.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0%-7.3%) @entity1 in the @entity12698 group, compared with 7 @entity1 (6.3%, 95% CI 1.6%-11.1%) in the @entity10042 group, developed recurrent @entity1066 (absolute difference -2.6%; 95% CI for the difference -9.1%-3.7%). @entity12698 was statistically non-inferior to @entity10042 co-therapy in the prevention of recurrent @entity1066 . Concomitant illness (hazard ratio 4.72, 95% CI 1.24-18.18) and age 65 years or more (hazard ratio 18.52, 95% CI 2.26-142.86) were independent risk factors for @entity1066 recurrences. Significantly more @entity1 receiving @entity12698 (15.0%, 95% CI 9.7-22.5) developed @entity2210 than @entity1 receiving @entity10042 (5.7%, 95% CI 2.8-11.4. P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity12698 was as effective as @entity10042 co-therapy in the prevention of recurrences of @entity1066 in subjects with a history of NSAID-related complicated @entity10189 . However, @entity12698 , similar to @entity10042 co-therapy, was still associated with a significant proportion of @entity1066 complication recurrences. In addition, more @entity1 receiving @entity12698 developed @entity2210 than @entity1 receiving @entity10042 and @entity1623 .

title: @entity12698 compared with @entity10042 and XXXX to prevent gastrointestinal ulcer complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcers']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer relapse', 'ulcer complications', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity1623 :: (MESH:D009288,Chemical) :: ['naproxen']