abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired @entity413 regulation (IGR) and @entity407 (HL) are associated with an increased risk of developing a @entity65 . Hyperlipidemic @entity1 were shown to bear a greater risk for an increased @entity121 ( @entity121 ). However little is known about differences between treated hyperlipidemic @entity1 (HL) with normal ( @entity1099 ) or impaired (IGR) @entity413 regulation. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study, involving 96 non-diabetic HL @entity1 with IGR (fasting plasma @entity413 of   >=    100  mg/dl and <126  mg/dl or/and HbA1c-level of   >=    5.7 and <6.5  %) or with @entity1099 (HbA1c-level of <5.7  % and a fasting @entity413 <100  mg/dl). We compared metabolic characteristics and the @entity121 between the two groups. Insulin sensitivity in fasting conditions was described by HOMA-IR and QUICKI. RESULTS: HL-IGR @entity1 were older (57.6        10.4 vs. 49.1        8.7, p   <   0.001), had higher carotid @entity121 measurements ( @entity121 average: 0.68        0.14 vs. 0.60        0.09, p   =   0.002; @entity121 right: 0.67        0.15 vs. 0.60        0.10, p   =   0.013; @entity121 left: 0.63 vs. 0.57, p   =   0.009), as well as a higher chance to exceed a cut-off value of >= 0.8  mm or insignificant @entity850 within this investigation (OR: 3.9, 95  % CI: 1.15-13.22, p   =   0.029) compared to HL- @entity1099 - @entity1 . Furthermore HL-IGR @entity1 were characterised by a higher waist circumference (100.6        10.1 vs. 91.6        13.3, p   <   0.001), higher fasting plasma @entity413 -levels (100.1        10.8 vs. 88.1        6.6, p   <   0.001), higher HbA1c concentrations (5.8        0.33 vs. 5.3        0.24, p   <   0.001) and C-peptide levels (2.70 vs. 2.10, p   =   0.012). Age and CVD status were in general the only two variables which independently explained @entity121 . CONCLUSION: Our study showed that among @entity1 with treated @entity407 the presence of IGR characterised subjects who were older and had a significantly higher risk for an increased @entity121 compared with those maintaining @entity1099 . Further studies are necessary to evaluate if this specific subpopulation with IGR can benefit from a more strict multifactorial management and perhaps from an additional early antihyperglycaemic treatment.

title: Clinical and metabolic characteristics of treated hyperlipidemic XXXX additionally affected by subclinical hyperglycemia.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intima media thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is a skeletal breakdown associated with inflammatory swelling of a foot in @entity1 with @entity158 insensitivity, such as @entity3949 . In @entity697 stage 0, skeletal pathology (e.g. osseous @entity4 ) is visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but not on plain radiographs. Continued unprotected walking invariably causes stage 1 (complex cortical @entity174 ). Treatment by @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) is of limited benefit if X-ray-based. The benefits of MRI-based @entity6029 treatment are unknown. AIM: To assess the impact of MRI, all cases of @entity697 diagnosed by MRI between 2000 and 2012 were reviewed. METHOD: Audit of medical charts of a single outpatient @entity6 foot clinic. RESULTS: Seventy-one cases (59 @entity1 ) were retrieved. Diagnosis of stage 0 (n = 27 cases) and stage 1 (n = 44 cases) was established one and two months (medians) after symptom onset, respectively. Unremarkable radiographs, that were not cross-checked by MRI (n = 13 cases), misled primary care physicians to postpone referral until five months after symptom onset, when cortical @entity174 had already occurred in 12 cases. Midfoot (Chopart- and Lisfranc-) lesions healed better in stage 0 versus stage 1 (69% versus 7% without @entity85 , p = 0.0012), while forefoot (metatarsal) lesions healed well in either stage (100% versus 75% without @entity85 ). @entity6029 -treatment lasted four to six months. CONCLUSION: Healing of @entity697 was more efficient in stage 0 than in stage 1. Expeditious MR imaging was indispensable to diagnose stage 0 in a swollen foot of a @entity1109 @entity1 , while unremarkable X-rays often led to a missed diagnosis.

title: The acute XXXX Charcot foot managed on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging--a review of 71 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Charcot foot', 'ACF']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['total contact cast', 'TCC']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The retrograde fast pathway in typical @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ) exhibits marked variation in its electrophysiologic properties. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the retrograde fast pathway and localize the lower turnaround site of the reentrant circuit in typical @entity2917 . METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 with typical @entity2917 were divided into two groups according to the response of the retrograde fast pathway to intravenous administration of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) during ventricular pacing: @entity855 -S [n = 47 (63.5%)] with and @entity855 -R without [n = 27 (36.5%)] His-atrial (H-A) block. H-A intervals were measured from the most proximal His-bundle electrogram to the earliest atrial activation during the @entity591 (HAt) and entrainment pacing from the parahisian right ventricular region (HAe). It was postulated that the HAt was the difference in conduction time between the lower common pathway (x) and retrograde fast pathway (y) (HAt = y - x), whereas HAe was the sum of the two (HAe = y + x). Hence, x = (HAe-HAt)/2. x >0 suggested the presence of a lower common pathway, whereas x <0 suggested the absence of a lower common pathway and lower turnaround site within the His bundle. RESULTS: x was significantly smaller in @entity855 -R than @entity855 -S (-6 +/- 5 vs 4 +/- 4 ms, P <.05) and was <0 in 23 (85%) of 27 @entity855 -R @entity1 . The maximal increment in H-A interval during ventricular pacing was significantly longer in @entity855 -S than @entity855 -R (35 +/- 33 vs 2 +/- 2 ms, P <.05). CONCLUSION: A concealed atriohisian tract totally bypassing the atrioventricular node constituted the retrograde fast pathway in one third of all typical @entity2917 cases.

title: Participation of a concealed atriohisian tract in the reentrant circuit of the slow-fast type of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['AVNRT', 'atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity2917 :: (MESH:D013611,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background/Aims: @entity58440 ( @entity58440   ) blocks pathogenic oxidative pathways in the progression of @entity2316 . The @entity2766 pilot study was designed to test entry criteria and outcomes. Subjects had SCr 1.3-3.5 mg/dl, protein-to- @entity1011 >= 1,200 mg/g and used a surrogate outcome of   SCr over 52 weeks. Subjects had to be on a maximally tolerated dose of @entity1289 / @entity11882 for 3 months; stable other antihypertensive doses for 2 months; stable diuretic dose for 2 weeks, and BP  <=160/90 mm Hg; or enter a Pharmaco-Stabilization Phase (PSP). This pilot failed to detect an effect on   SCr in intent-to-treat analysis. Methods: We queried the locked clinical trial database for subgroups in which there was a treatment effect. Results: Subjects not requiring PSP and those with entry SCr <2.0 mg/dl had a treatment effect. Subjects entering PSP required more changes in antihypertensive medications and experienced larger   SCr over 52 weeks. PSP subjects with BP >140/90 mm Hg had no treatment effect, but those  <=140/90 mm Hg did. Conclusion: Time required for acute effects of @entity1289 / @entity11882 to stabilize is unknown, but these data suggest >3 months. Thus, subjects in the pivotal trial must be on @entity1289 / @entity11882 for 6 months. Frequent antihypertensive adjustment could engender SCr changes unrelated to CKD progression. Thus, we will require subjects to have BP  <=150/90 mm Hg and on stable antihypertensives for 26 weeks, or  <=140/90 mm Hg and on stable antihypertensives for 13 weeks. Since   SCr over 52 weeks is limited as a surrogate outcome, the pivotal trial uses a time-to-event analysis of baseline SCr to at least a 50% increase in SCr or @entity454 as the primary outcome. This substantial   SCr is protected from noise and is clinically relevant. The @entity2766 pilot provided critical information to inform the design of PIONEER-CSG-17, which we conducted under the @entity3231 agreement with FDA.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: XXXX in @entity2316 (PIONEER-CSG-17): Lessons Learned from a Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity58440 :: ('MESH:C570561', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyridorin', 'Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2766 :: ('MESH:D011733', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxamine']

answer: @entity58440 :: (MESH:C570561,Chemical) :: ['Pyridoxamine Dihydrochloride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of @entity43 cells lysates pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) in the immunotherapy of @entity5 prevention via cytotoxic test in-vitro. METHODS: Forty @entity35 were randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental and control groups. Ten @entity35 from each group were killed and DCs were isolated and cultured. Frozen-thawed antigen of in the study group, @entity35 's @entity43 cells of the line NuTu-19 were cultured, freeze-melt antigens were added at day 3. Two groups co-cultured with T lymphocytes from the other @entity35 's spleen on the 14th day. Then observed the shape of DCs, contrasted the proliferation and killing rate. RESULTS: In the study group, DCs could significantly stimulate T lymphocytes multiplication and produce @entity5 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). When the ratios of stimulating cells (SC) to reaction cells (RC) were 1:3, 1:10, 1:30 and 1:100, the stimulating index (SI) in the study group were much higher than those in control group (P<0.01). When the ratios of SC is the same with RC (SC:RC=3:1, 10:1, 30:1): the killing and wounding rate to @entity5 cells of study group [(40.9+/-1.2)%, (69.8+/-1.8)%, (89.0+/-0.4%)] is significantly higher than those of control group [(30.9+/-1.9)%, (34.4+/-2.1)%, (51.0+/-1.5)%] (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: DC could activate T lymphocytes proliferation and produce CTL to kill and wound @entity5 cells in-vitro.

title: [Tumor cells lysates pulsed dendritic cells for immunotherapy of @entity43 in XXXX : in-vitro study].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor', 'Ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several theorists maintain that exact number abilities rely on language-relevant processes whereas approximate number calls on @entity1957 . We chose two @entity74 , @entity3297 and @entity1467 , which differ in their relative @entity2414 , to examine this hypothesis. Five experiments assessed number skills in these two @entity74 and in their mental age (MA) and chronological age (CA) matched controls. METHODS: Experiment 1 used a preferential looking paradigm with @entity1 and toddlers to measure sensitivity to changes in numerosity. Experiment 2 measured reaction times in older @entity1 and adults in a numerosity comparison task with dots in a random pattern. Experiment 3 comprised a number battery that measured various forms of counting and simple arithmetic. RESULTS: The @entity3297 @entity1 displayed a level of performance equal to that of their CA-controls, whereas the DS @entity1 failed to reach even the level of their MA-controls. By contrast, the older DS @entity1 and adults outstripped the older @entity3297 group in their numerosity abilities, with different patterns of errors in the two clinical groups. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the @entity1 and adult number phenotypes between these two @entity74 are discussed with reference to the processing styles used by each group and how these might impact on their developmental trajectories. Theoretically, we highlight our contention that one cannot infer the @entity1 starting state from the adult end state. Rather, the development process itself must be taken into account.

title: Are numerical impairments syndrome specific? Evidence from XXXX and @entity1467 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['visuo-spatial skills']

entities_list: @entity3297 :: ('MESH:D018980', 'Disease') :: ['Williams syndrome', 'WS']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'genetic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['abilities in verbal versus spatial skills']

answer: @entity3297 :: (MESH:D018980,Disease) :: ['Williams syndrome']


abstract: Efficient antithrombotic therapies are necessary for the prevention of @entity715 in @entity1 with artificial heart valves. Antiplatelet drugs are commonly used since platelet activation is a feature frequently found in these pathologic conditions. The measurement of @entity4938 and @entity18042 is useful for the diagnosis of platelet activation, which may increase the @entity715 risk. Two commercially available ELISA kits for @entity4938 and @entity18042 were tested and compared with the corresponding RIA methods used previously. Coefficients of correlation were 0.976 for @entity4938 and 0.985 for @entity18042 . Both methods gave identical results, although RIA was expressed in nanograms per milliliter, whereas ELISA results were in international units per milliliter by comparison with International Standards. For both parameters 1 IU/ml was found to be almost equal to 1 ng/ml. @entity4938 was elevated in the group of @entity1 with heart valves (57.28 IU/ml); so was @entity18042 but to a lesser extent (11.28 IU/ml). The mean concentrations on a normal population were, respectively, 22.40 (+/- 5.15) IU/ml and 4.10 (+/- 2.02) IU/ml. The monitoring of @entity1 with heart valves allowed the identification of two distinct groups: those who had persistent elevated levels of @entity4938 and @entity18042 , and those whose levels of the same parameters were in the subnormal ranges. All the @entity715 were observed in the first group and were preceded by an elevation of platelet markers. @entity4938 was the most predictive and correlated closely with the evolution of the clinical state. @entity64 were the commonly observed complications. These @entity1 were treated by hypocoagulant therapy and with antiplatelet drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Measurement of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 to follow up XXXX with artificial heart valves.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of systematic variations in the preparative procedures on the membrane viscoelastic properties of resealed @entity1 red blood cell ghosts have been investigated. Ghosts, prepared by @entity2421 at 0 degrees C and resealing at 37 degrees C, were subjected to: measurement of the time constant for extensional recovery (tc); measurement of the membrane shear elastic modulus (mu) via three separate techniques; determination of the membrane viscosity ( @entity2231 m) via a cone-plate Rheoscope. Membrane viscosity was also determined as @entity2231 m = mu X tc. Compared to intact cells, ghosts had shorter tc, regardless of their residual hemoglobin concentration (up to 21.6 g/dl). However, prolonged exposure to @entity2421 media did increase their recovery time toward the intact cell value. The shear elastic modulus, as judged by micropipette aspiration of membrane tongues (mu p), was similar for all ghosts and intact cells. This result, taken with the tc data, indicates that ghosts have reduced membrane viscosity. Rheoscopic analysis also showed that @entity2231 m was reduced for ghosts, with the degree of reduction (approx. 50%) agreeing well with that estimated by the product mu p X tc. However, flow channel and pipette elongation estimates indicated that the ghost membrane elastic modulus was somewhat elevated compared to intact cells. We conclude that: ghosts have reduced membrane viscosity; ghosts have membrane rigidities close to intact cells, except possibly when the membrane is subjected to very large strains; the reduction in @entity2231 m is not directly related to the loss of hemoglobin; prolonged exposure of ghosts to low-ionic strength media increases the membrane viscosity toward its initial cellular level. These data indicate that the mechanical characteristics of ghost membranes can be varied by changing the methods of preparation and thus have potential application to further studies of the structural determinants of red cell membrane viscoelasticity.

title: Influence of preparative procedures on the membrane viscoelasticity of XXXX red cell ghosts.

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic lysis', 'hypotonic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Dermatology is a visual specialty requiring examination and description of @entity272 and the development of analytic skills to establish a diagnosis. Student education in dermatology is challenged by several factors. Although 10% to 15% of a general practitioner's consultations are related to the skin, dermatology is often underrepresented in undergraduate medical curriculums. In addition, more serious lesions, such as @entity320 ( @entity320 ), are promptly biopsied and may not be available for students' examination. The authors carried out this study to learn whether a novel educational tool, a temporary tattoo, could successfully simulate an @entity320 . METHOD: Eighty-one dermatologists and 14 dermatology residents participated in this validity study of a tattoo applied to the arm of a standardized @entity1 (SP) to simulate an @entity320 . The study was conducted at the 82nd Annual Canadian Dermatology Association Conference held in June 2007 in Toronto, Canada. RESULTS: A correct diagnosis was made by 93.8% (76/81) of the dermatologists and 90.5% of the @entity1 (86/95) overall. The tattoo was also evaluated as being very realistic on a five-point Likert scale. CONCLUSIONS: The validation of the tattoo shows potential for use in medical education, such as SP visits and examinations. This teaching tool can be used to simulate a variety of @entity272 , providing a way to visually examine a lesion on the skin of an SP, which would enhance the medical student's learning experience.

title: Temporary tattoos to simulate XXXX : report and validation of a novel teaching tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['MM', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin disease']


abstract: In the broadest sense, cellular stress describes conditions wherein cells encounter and react to a 'non-normal' state. Perturbations may originate through both extracellular and intracellular means. Whereas transient levels of stress are expected to occur on a regular basis, a series of checks and balances ensures that cells are well equipped to maintain a homeostatic state. In the case of supra-physiological stress signaling, cellular challenges are more severe, and programmed cell @entity204 may be the best option for the organism. The ability of a cell, and by extension, an organism, to adequately manage cellular stress is fundamental--a question of life or @entity204 . The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is exquisitely poised to sense and respond to cellular stresses including those that result from metabolic and/or protein folding imbalances. In response to stress originating from within the ER, the @entity7952 and @entity5593 protein kinases, along with other proximal signaling molecules, initiate a program of transcriptional and translational regulation termed the unfolded protein response. A consequence of ER stress is the accumulation of reactive @entity26 species that promotes a state of oxidative stress. @entity7952 signaling, via activation of the @entity13791 and @entity15205 transcription factors, coordinates the convergence of ER stress with oxidative stress signaling. Here we discuss progress regarding the signaling pathways involved in these cellular stresses and the implications of the intersection between the two signaling pathways.

title: Coordination of ER and oxidative stress signaling: the @entity7952 / XXXX signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity13791 :: (4780,Gene) :: ['Nrf2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary oculocerebral large cell @entity1893 , formerly called @entity1893 , runs a uniformly fatal course. Once the central nervous system (CNS) is involved, survival without treatment is very limited. Although treatment does not substantially improve the long term survival, it provides short term improvement in these @entity1 . METHODS: The charts of all @entity1 with ocular involvement of @entity1893 followed during the period 1984-93 were reviewed. The diagnosis of @entity1893 was made by different diagnostic approaches: CNS biopsy, anterior chamber tap, vitrectomy, haematology, and necropsy. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 had oculocerebral large cell and one had small cell @entity1893 . Five @entity1 with pure ocular localisation had initially received @entity134 treatment for intermediate @entity1596 . First diagnosis was made on CNS biopsy in three, anterior chamber tap in one, vitreous aspirate in three, haematology in one, and necropsy in one case. CONCLUSION: @entity1893 is a difficult diagnosis. Vitrectomy allows cytological diagnosis in most but not all cases. When no treatment is given, @entity1 survive for only a few weeks once the CNS is involved. Although the disease is eventually fatal, treatment by means of radiotherapy, @entity134 administration, and vitrectomy can allow these @entity1 to lead a normal professional and social life during the years between recurrences.

title: XXXX : a clinical study of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'ocular reticulum cell sarcoma', "Ocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Ocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Reflux of duodenal contents including @entity3645 is believed to contribute to @entity1208 and @entity355 . @entity4665 , an inducible form of COX, has been implicated in both @entity32 and @entity105 . In this study, we investigated the effects of @entity3645 and duodenal reflux on @entity4665 expression in cultured esophageal cells and tissue, respectively. METHODS: Immunoblotting and Northern blotting were used to assess the effects of @entity3645 on @entity4665 expression in esophageal cell lines. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the effects of duodenal reflux on @entity4665 expression and cell proliferation in esophageal tissue. RESULTS: Unconjugated @entity3645 were about fivefold more potent inducers of @entity4665 messenger RNA, @entity4665 protein, and prostaglandin synthesis than conjugated @entity3645 . Acidifying the culture medium sensitized esophageal cells to @entity6741 -mediated induction of @entity4665 . The induction of @entity4665 by @entity3645 was mediated by @entity4357 -3 kinase and @entity2508 mitogen-activated protein kinases. In experimental animals, duodenoesophageal reflux led to @entity2910 , marked thickening of the esophageal mucosa, and enhanced expression of @entity4665 . Increased immunoreactivity for Ki-67 and @entity12003 indicated that enhanced cell proliferation contributed to mucosal thickening. CONCLUSIONS: Reflux of duodenal contents into the esophagus led to increased @entity4665 expression and mucosal thickening. @entity3645 are likely to contribute to these effects.

title: Duodenal reflux induces cyclooxygenase-2 in the esophageal mucosa of rats: evidence for involvement of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2508 :: ('50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal injury']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1884 is a @entity74 characterized by teleangiectasias involving virtually every organ. There are limited data in the literature regarding the natural history of @entity99 in hemorrhagic @entity8721 and their associated morbidity and mortality. AIM: This prospective cohort study sought to assess the outcome of @entity409 in @entity1884 @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed 16  years of surveillance data from a tertiary @entity1884 referral center in Italy. We considered for inclusion in this study 502 consecutive Italian @entity1 at risk of @entity1884 who presented at the @entity1884 referral center and underwent a multidisciplinary screening protocol for the diagnosis of @entity1884 . Of the 502 individuals assessed in the center, 154 had @entity99 and were the subject of the study; 198 @entity1 with @entity1884 and without @entity99 were the controls. Additionally, we report the response to treatment of @entity1 with complicated @entity99 . RESULTS: The 154 @entity1 were included and followed for a median period of 44  months (range 12-181); of these, eight (5.2%) died from VM-related complications and 39 (25.3%) experienced complications. The average incidence rates of @entity204 and complications were 1.1 and 3.6 per 100 @entity1 -years, respectively. The median overall survival and event-free survival after diagnosis were 175 and 90  months, respectively. The rate of complete response to therapy was 63%. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that substantial morbidity and mortality are associated with @entity99 in @entity1884 @entity1 .

title: Natural history and outcome of XXXX in a large cohort of @entity1 with hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver involvement']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia', 'Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver vascular malformations', 'hepatic vascular malformations']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic vascular malformations']


abstract: In order to search for a new therapy that would maximize the effect of @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ) in evoking antitumor immunity in vivo, the therapeutic effect of a combination of @entity1138 -C( @entity1139 )-treated @entity5 cells and recombinant @entity2047 was examined for its induction of antitumor activity against established @entity320 @entity3 . In C57BL/6 @entity19 intravenously (i.v.) injected with B16 @entity320 cells on day 0, the combined treatment with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of @entity1139 -treated @entity320 cells on day 6 and 2500 U @entity5041 (twice daily) on days 7 and 8 markedly reduced the number of pulmonary metastases. This antitumor activity was more effective than that in untreated controls and @entity19 that were injected with @entity1139 -treated @entity320 cells alone or @entity5041 alone. When the i.p. injection of @entity1139 -treated @entity5 cells was replaced by other @entity5 cells, antitumor activity against @entity320 was not induced. The antitumor activity induced by this treatment increased in parallel with an increase in the dose of @entity5041 injected. In contrast, an i.p. injection of soluble @entity5 -specific antigens alone could induce only a marginal level of antitumor activity, and this activity was not augmented by subsequent i.p. injections of @entity5041 . In vivo treatment with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (mAb), but not with anti- @entity1961 mAb or anti-asialo-GM1 antibody, abrogated the antitumor activity induced by this combined therapy. This suggests that the antitumor effect was dependent on CD8+ T cells. Lung-infiltrating lymphocytes from @entity19 that had been i.v. injected with @entity320 cells 11 days before and were treated with this combined therapy, showed @entity320 -specific cytolytic activity. This combined therapy also showed significant antitumor activity against subcutaneously inoculated @entity320 cells. These results demonstrate that the combined therapy of an i.p. injection of @entity1139 -treated @entity5 cells and subsequent and consecutive i.p. administration of @entity5041 increases antitumor activity against established @entity320 by generating @entity5 -specific CD8+ CTL in vivo.

title: Generation of @entity5 -specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo by combined treatment with inactivated @entity5 cells and recombinant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'syngeneic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: @entity3409 is a heavy metal that has been shown to cause its @entity137 in @entity1 and animals. Many documented studies have shown that @entity3409 produces various genotoxic effects such as DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Ailments such as @entity79 , @entity8 , and several forms of @entity5 are attributed to overexposure to @entity3409 .   Although there have been numerous studies examining the effects of @entity3409 in animal models and a few case studies involving communities where @entity3409 contamination has occurred, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. In this research, we hypothesized that oxidative stress plays a key role in @entity10278 -induced @entity137 , DNA damage, and apoptosis of @entity1 @entity96 (HepG   ) cells. To test our hypothesis, cell viability was determined by @entity98 assay. Lipid @entity273 content stress was estimated by lipid peroxidation assay. Genotoxic damage was tested by the means of alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry assessment ( @entity4404 /PI assay). The result of @entity98 assay indicated that @entity10278 induces @entity137 to HepG    cells in a concentration-dependent manner, showing a 48 hr-LD50 of 3.6   g/mL. Data generated from lipid peroxidation assay resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase of @entity273 production, specifically at the highest concentration tested. Data obtained from the Comet assay indicated that @entity10278 causes DNA damage in HepG    cells in a concentration-dependent manner. A strong concentration-response relationship (p < 0.05) was recorded between @entity4404 positive cells and @entity10278 exposure. In summary, these in vitro studies provide clear evidence that @entity10278 induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and programmed cell death in @entity1 @entity96 (HepG   ) cells.

title: XXXX Induces DNA Damage and Apoptosis of @entity1 @entity96 Cells via Oxidative Stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3409 :: ('MESH:D002104', 'Chemical') :: ['Cadmium', 'cadmium']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride']

answer: @entity10278 :: (MESH:D019256,Chemical) :: ['Cadmium Chloride']


abstract: @entity231 @entity1 suspected of having disease that might interfere with good postoperative visual function were evaluated by eliciting monocular steady-state luminance visual evoked potentials (VEPs) with closed eyes at a stimulus rate of 10 flashes/sec. VEPs were rated as either normal or abnormal. @entity1 with normal VEPs were predicted to have visual acuity of 6/15 (20/50) or better. @entity1 with abnormal VEPs were predicted to have acuities of 6/18 (20/60) or worse. Postoperative acuities were determined for all @entity1 who underwent surgery and who had no intraoperative or early @entity260 . The predicted and observed postoperative acuities were quantitatively compared for the 59 @entity1 who met these criteria, using a 2 X 2 contingency table. The chi-square was significant (p less than .001). The overall accuracy of prediction was 80%. Accuracy of the predictions for @entity1 with preoperative acuities of 6/60 (20/200) or better was compared with the accuracy of the predictions for those with preoperative acuities of 60/120 (20/400) or worse. There was no significant difference (p greater than 0.10).

title: Prediction of post XXXX extraction visual acuity: 10 Hz visually evoked potentials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity235 @entity5 is of major significance in terms of animal health and welfare and soft tissue @entity242 are an important group of @entity5 accounting for approximately 15% of all @entity235 @entity5 presented. Abnormal @entity22089 protein expression and gene mutations have been identified in a number of different @entity235 @entity5 types. However, @entity57677 gene amplification has only been investigated in a limited number of @entity235 @entity421 . In this present study a series of @entity235 soft-tissue @entity242 (STS) were examined for @entity22089 mutations and/or @entity57677 amplification. For @entity22089 mutational studies polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing was used. Gene mutations were identified in 6 of 30 (20%) primary @entity5 cases including @entity808 (n=3) leiomysarcoma (n=1), heamangiosarcoma (n=1) and @entity242 (n=1). @entity57677 gene amplification was assessed by Southern Blot. Although there was no evidence for major gene rearrangements, gene amplification was detected in 4 of 35 (11.4 %) primary @entity5 including @entity808 (n=2), @entity980 (n=2). A total of 33 cases were examined for both @entity22089 mutations and @entity57677 amplification. Seven of the @entity5 were positive for @entity22089 mutations, while five were positive for @entity57677 amplification. With the exception of one case, a reciprocal relationship between the presence of a @entity22089 mutation and @entity57677 gene amplification was demonstrated.

title: Analysis of XXXX mutational events and @entity57677 amplification in @entity235 soft-tissue @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity22089 :: (403869(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Focal neoplastic change occurs frequently within the colorectum. Yet, of the several hundreds of microadenomas that are likely to be present within an individual colorectum, only one or two will develop into a clinically diagnosable @entity652 . In turn, only a fraction of @entity652 will progress to @entity5 . The risk that a particular microadenoma will end its natural history as a @entity189 varies according to clinical context. The risk is very low in @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), but relatively high in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). This variation is governed by the timing and ordering of the underlying mutational events. In @entity1412 , inactivation of the wild-type @entity1412 gene occurs early, whereas @entity984 mutations are late events. The converse appears to apply in the case of @entity652 . In flat @entity652 , which are known to be relatively aggressive, @entity984 mutations may not occur at all. In @entity14 , mutational events are accelerated as a result of defective DNA mismatch repair. The evolution of @entity2513 through a variety of quite distinct genetic pathways.

title: XXXX and genetic change: is there a link?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['HNPCC', 'hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma occurs']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['Colorectal adenoma progression']


abstract: This study was undertaken to examine whether there is an association between parity and age at first birth and risk of @entity694 . The study cohort consisted of 1,292,462 @entity1 who had a first and singleton childbirth between 1978 and 1987. We tracked each @entity1 from the time of their first childbirth to December 31, 2009, and their vital status was ascertained by linking records with the computerized mortality database. We used the Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) of death from @entity694 associated with parity and age at first birth. We limited eligible @entity694 deaths to those who were 45 years old or more to exclude possible heredity @entity694 cases, which usually occur at an early age. There were 670 @entity694 deaths during 34,980,246 @entity1 -years of follow-up. The @entity694 death rate was 1.96 cases per 100,000 @entity1 -years. The adjusted HR was 2.76 (95% CI = 1.60-4.75) for @entity1 who gave birth between 20 and 24 years and 7.35 (95% CI = 4.28-12.62) for @entity1 who gave birth after 24 years of age when compared with @entity1 who gave birth at younger than 20 years. A rising risk of @entity694 was seen with increasing age at first birth. The adjusted HR were 0.81 (95% CI = 0.65-1.02) among @entity1 with two live births, 0.93 (95% CI = 0.74-1.18) among @entity1 with three live births and 0.72 (95% CI = 0.51-1.00) for @entity1 with four or more births when compared with @entity1 who had given birth to only one @entity1 . The present study provides evidence that reproductive factors (parity and early age at first birth) may confer a protective effect on the risk of @entity694 .

title: Higher parity and earlier age at first birth are associated with lower risk of death from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: The use of @entity6701 nanoparticles (nano- @entity3759 ) for the degradation of @entity5979 ( @entity318 ) increases the risk of exposure to trace nano- @entity3759 and @entity318 mixtures. The interaction of @entity318 and nano- @entity3759 at low concentrations may alter toxic response relative to nano- @entity3759 or @entity318 alone. In this work, the combined genotoxicity of trace nano- @entity3759 and @entity318 on @entity1 embryo L-02 hepatocytes without photoactivation was studied. Nano- @entity3759 (0.1 g/L) was mixed with 0.01-1 mmol/L @entity318 to determine adsorption isotherms. L-02 cells were exposed to different levels of @entity318 (0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mumol/L) and nano- @entity3759 (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 microg/mL) respectively. The adsorption of @entity318 by nano- @entity3759 was approximately 0.3 mmol/g. Cell viability, apoptosis, and DNA double strand breaks were similar among all test groups. Nano- @entity3759 alone (0.01-1 microg/mL) increased the levels of oxidative stress and oxidative DNA adducts ( @entity7599 ), but it did not induce DNA breaks or chromosome damage. Addition of trace nano- @entity3759 with trace @entity318 synergistically enhanced genotoxicity via increasing oxidative stress, oxidative DNA adducts, DNA breaks, and chromosome damage in L-02 cells. Low concentrations of nano- @entity3759 and @entity318 increased oxidativestress by reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation and lipid oxidation. Oxidative stress is a major pathway for DNA and chromosome damage. Dose-dependent synergistic genotoxicity induced by combined exposure of trace @entity318 and nano- @entity3759 suggests a potential environmental risk of nano- @entity3759 assisted photocatalysis.

title: Synergistic genotoxicity caused by low concentration of XXXX nanoparticles and @entity318 in @entity1 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5979 :: ('CHEBI:16130', 'Chemical') :: ['dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the treatment possibilities in different forms of @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ), in particularly that of the hypertonic @entity1690 (HOD, biliary type group III). In the first part of retrospective evaluation the higher complication rate of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and its probable causes were analysed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The frequency and reasons of post-EST complications were retrospectively evaluated in a three-year (1990-1992) EST material of two gastroenterological departments using identical treatment principles and methods. Endoscopic sphincterotomies performed for bile duct stone extraction or treatment of HOD in cholecystectomized @entity1 were included only. The data of 308 @entity1 were analysed regarding two areas: 1. EST was performed for HOD treatment in 20 @entity1 , and in 288 @entity1 for stone removal, 2. the diameter of common bile duct was found non-dilated in 40 @entity1 , and dilated in 268 @entity1 , respectively. RESULTS: 1. The frequency of complications in the group of @entity1 with EST for HOD treatment was significantly higher: 8/20 (40%) vs. 17/288 (5.9%) (p < 0.01). 2. There was also a significant difference in the percentage of total complications between the @entity1 of nondilated bile ducts and those @entity1 with dilated bile ducts: 8/268 (3.3%) vs. 17/40 (42.50%) (p < 0.01), detailed: bleeding: 4/268 vs. 6/40, @entity788 : 4/268 vs. 10/40, and perforation: 0 vs. 1/40. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic endoscopic sphincterotomy is more hazardous in @entity1 with non-dilated bile ducts, thus evidently also in @entity1 suffering from the biliary III. type (hypertonic Oddi-sphincter @entity910 ) of @entity1690 .

title: [Management of hypertensive XXXX of Oddi's sphincter. Correlation between the frequency of complications from endoscopic sphincterotomy and the diameter of the common bile duct].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dyskinesia', 'sphincter of Oddi dysfunction', 'sphincter of Oddi dysfunctions', 'SOD']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['dyskinesia']


abstract: AIM: The use of biomarkers of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) have potential for early diagnosis, evaluation of disease severity and monitoring treatment. Serum and synovial fluid @entity9086 levels are increased in severe knee @entity571 . Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is a novel treatment method for @entity571 . However, studies evaluating the PEMF therapy in treatment of knee @entity571 revealed conflicting results. This study was conducted to objectively assess the effect of PEMF therapy in @entity1 with knee @entity571 , by using ultrasonographic measurements and a novel biomarker, @entity9086 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 were randomized into two treatment groups. Both groups received conventional physical therapy, while Group 1 received additional PEMF therapy. The @entity1 were asked to rate their @entity158 on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and complete a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) questionnairre. Serum @entity9086 levels were measured, and knee effusion and cartilage degeneration level were evaluated with ultrasonography before and after treatment. RESULTS: Pre-treatment @entity9086 level was correlated with @entity158 subscale (P  =  0.032, r  =  0.339). VAS and WOMAC scores significantly improved in both treatment groups (P  <  0.05). The effusion in the right knee significantly decreased in Group 1. The change in @entity9086 level was not correlated with the change in VAS, WOMAC scores and knee effusion. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that adjuvant PEMF therapy has no additional effect on @entity158 in @entity1 with knee @entity571 . Serum @entity9086 level seems to be unuseful for monitoring the treatment in knee @entity571 .

title: Assessment of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy with Serum @entity9086 and ultrasonography in XXXX with knee osteoarthritis.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['WOMAC pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess variation in @entity64 outcomes and create a case-mix adjustment model for @entity64 rehabilitation in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. DESIGN: Observational SETTING AND @entity1 : Within Veteran's Health Administration hospitals, there are 63 acute rehabilitation bedservice units that care for approximately 2,000 @entity64 @entity1 annually. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Functional gain in @entity15467 points, length of stay (LOS), LOS efficiency ( @entity1017 /LOS). RESULTS: Significant variation in average @entity1 functional gain, LOS, and LOS efficiency was observed among the 37 highest-volume rehabilitation units. Using analysis of covariance, a model was developed that adjusted functional gain and LOS (logged LOS) unit means using 10 potential covariates identified in a literature review and in pilot studies. Four and six covariates, respectively, were retained in the final models for @entity1017 and LOS. The R2 for @entity1017 and LOS accounted for by rehabilitation unit alone increased from .07 to .31 ( @entity1017 ) and from .13 to .34 (logLOS) with the addition of the significant covariates to each model. CONCLUSIONS: As much as 24% of the variation in two important @entity64 rehabilitation outcomes is attributable to largely immutable @entity1 and system characteristics (eg, @entity1 function on admission, age, days since @entity64 onset, year of discharge, marital status, and referral source). Hence, controlling for case-mix is critical for accurate comparison of unit outcomes. Further, the variation in LOS efficiency between VA rehabilitation units suggests a large potential for cost and resource utilization savings system-wide.

title: XXXX rehabilitation outcome variation in Veterans Affairs rehabilitation units: accounting for case-mix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) has become a standard diagnostic tool for axillary staging of @entity0 and has many advantages in comparison with axillary dissection. The goal of our study was to determine accuracy and predictive value of @entity1600 for assessing the axillary lymph nodes involvement in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty three @entity1 with @entity0 at Mehr and Taleghani hospitals in Tehran between July 2005 and 2006 were randomly selected. All @entity1 underwent presurgical lymphoscintigraphic mapping followed by sentinel node biopsy guided by intraoperative gamma probe and blue dye. Sentinel nodes were examined by standard @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) staining. Among studied @entity1 , T1 stage accounted for 3%% of the @entity1 , T2 for 6%, T3 for 66.7% and T4 for 24.3%. Statistical analyses were performed by evaluating of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of @entity1600 in comparison to @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). RESULTS: The sentinel lymph nodes in 30.3% of @entity1 were well imaged by lymphoscintigraphy. A mean of 4.8 sentinel lymph nodes were removed per @entity1 . Sensitivity and specificity of @entity1600 were 92% and 87.5%, respectively. Totally, in comparison to @entity1600 , the accuracy of @entity1600 was 90.9% and false negative rate of this method was also 8%. CONCLUSION: Our experience shows @entity1600 to be reliable and accurate for axillary staging in @entity0 @entity1 with a high prevalence of axillary metastases and can be replaced diagnostic @entity1600 in our @entity0 centers.

title: Accuracy of sentinel node biopsy in XXXX @entity1 with a high prevalence of axillary metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node dissection', 'SLNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful management of major @entity1032 in the community relies significantly on an informal or non-professional network of caregivers. The needs and experiences of such caregivers have been little studied with respect to major chronic @entity1316 . METHOD: A sample of caregivers (n=41) of @entity162 was systematically interviewed to determine how this role affected them. RESULTS: Caregivers reported significant difficulties in their relationships with the @entity1 when s/he was unwell, with considerable impact on their own employment, finances, legal matters, co-parenting and other social relationships. Violence was a particular worry for partner/parent caregivers of both male and female @entity1 when the @entity1 was @entity162 . The caregiver's own mental health appeared unaffected. Despite this, the caregivers appeared emotionally committed to the @entity1 and showed considerable tolerance of problem behaviours, which they rank-ordered for difficulty. Among nonfamily partners, knowledge of the illness before cohabitation was poor. LIMITATION: The sampling does not capture caregivers who have abandoned their role, such as spouses who have divorced the bipolar sufferer. CONCLUSIONS: Management of this illness requires a partnership between mental health professionals and the informal caregivers and the authors suggest that each group needs to understand the difficulties encountered by the other. Although erosion of relationships is a well-known complication of @entity162 , findings indicate that treating clinicians can rely on caregivers committed to the welfare of the @entity1 .

title: Impact of XXXX on family and partners.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'RDC bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar affective disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cardiolipin (CL) is found in membranes of bacteria, in the inner membrane of mitochondria and in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) are associated with disease states, and we have suggested that many aCL bind to oxidized CL (oxCL) but not native CL. To determine the immunogenicity and origins of oxCL in vivo, we cloned a natural antibody to oxCL. METHODS AND RESULTS: A monoclonal IgM antibody to oxCL (LRO1) was cloned from a nonimmunized @entity1748 -/- @entity19 . The V(H) sequence originated from the V(H)Gam3.8 germline with one @entity377 difference, and the Vkappa was 100% identical to Vkappa19-20 germline gene, making LRO1 a natural antibody. LRO1 bound specifically to oxCL and oxidized-LDL, but not to native CL or native LDL. LRO1 epitopes were demonstrated in apoptotic, but not in viable, Jurkat cells by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and deconvolution microscopy. @entity1 and @entity95 @entity731 contained LRO1 epitopes. @entity1 LDL (n=113) showed LRO1 immunoreactivity, which correlated with aCL IgG titers (r=0.32, P=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that some aCL antibodies are highly conserved natural antibodies binding to oxCL in oxLDL, apoptotic cells, and @entity731 . This suggests that oxCL is one of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns of innate immunity and gives insight into the pathogenic events of diseases with increased titers of aCL antibodies.

title: A natural antibody to oxidized cardiolipin binds to oxidized low-density lipoprotein, apoptotic cells, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare response rates (complete remission plus partial remission) for nonsteroid immunosuppressant therapy to @entity134 -only immunosuppressant therapy in @entity1 with membranous @entity1988 . METHODS: A literature review was conducted from June 25, 2010 by querying PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria were trials containing remission data on @entity1 with confirmed pure class V (Va and Vb) membranous @entity1988 . The primary analysis evaluates response rates for regimens that contain at least one nonsteroid immunosuppressant therapy and @entity134 -only immunosuppressant therapy. A proportion meta-analysis using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was performed. Data are reported as pooled proportions in percentages with 95% confidence intervals. Significant heterogeneity and/or bias were compensated for by trial exclusion. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, which yielded 34 groups of @entity1 ' data. Upon meta-analysis, the response rate for nonsteroid immunosuppressant therapy is higher than for @entity230 alone (81% [74%-87%] vs 60% [39%-79%]), even when compensating for significant heterogeneity and bias (76% [71%-81%] versus 60% [39%-79%]). CONCLUSION: Nonsteroid immunosuppressant therapies in combination with @entity230 seem to be more effective than @entity230 alone for inducing partial or complete remission in @entity1 with membranous @entity1988 who have nephrotic @entity644 at baseline. This trial was not able to analyze adverse events, flares, relapses, or @entity1 survival because of underreporting.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of immunosuppressant therapy clinical trials in membranous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In-vivo light dosimetry for @entity1 undergoing photodynamic therapy (PDT) is critical for predicting PDT outcome. @entity1 in this study are enrolled in a Phase I clinical trial of HPPH-mediated PDT for the treatment of @entity1149 with @entity1143 . They are administered 4mg per kg body weight HPPH 48 hours before the surgery and receive light therapy with a fluence of 15-45 J/cm(2) at 661 and 665nm. Fluence rate (mW/cm(2)) and cumulative fluence (J/cm(2)) are monitored at 7 sites during the light treatment delivery using isotropic detectors. Light fluence (rate) delivered to @entity1 is examined as a function of treatment time, volume and surface area. In a previous study, a correlation between the treatment time and the treatment volume and surface area was established. However, we did not include the direct light and the effect of the shape of the pleural surface on the scattered light. A real-time infrared (IR) navigation system was used to separate the contribution from the direct light. An improved expression that accurately calculates the total fluence at the cavity wall as a function of light source location, cavity geometry and optical properties is determined based on theoretical and phantom studies. The theoretical study includes an expression for light fluence rate in an elliptical geometry instead of the spheroid geometry used previously. The calculated light fluence is compared to the measured fluence in @entity1 of different cavity geometries and optical properties. The result can be used as a clinical guideline for future @entity456 treatment.

title: Light dosimetry and dose verification for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural PDT']

answer: @entity456 :: (MESH:D010995,Disease) :: ['pleural PDT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 syndrome (PTPS) is a frequent cause of @entity282 . @entity4481 might reduce the incidence of @entity282 . The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of perioperative @entity4481 on the occurrence of PTPS, defined as any surgical site @entity158 3 months after surgery. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in @entity1 undergoing elective thoracotomy. @entity1 received either @entity4481 150 mg orally twice a day initiated 1 hour before thoracotomy and continued until 4 days after thoracotomy (10 doses total) or a placebo using the same protocol. All @entity1 received preincision thoracic epidural @entity1337 . @entity158 syndrome was evaluated using the Brief @entity158 Inventory questionnaire through a telephone interview. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of neuropathic characteristics through the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs questionnaire, analgesic use 3 months after surgery, and evaluation of @entity282 and opioid consumption. RESULTS: One hundred fourteen @entity1 were randomized, and 99 @entity1 completed the study (placebo, n = 49; @entity4481 , n = 50). @entity158 syndrome occurred in 49 (49.5%) of 99 @entity1 and more frequently in the @entity4481 group (31/50 [62%] vs 18/49 [37%] in the placebo group, P = 0.01). However, among @entity1 with PTPS, those in the @entity4481 group required significantly less analgesics, reported less moderate to severe average @entity158 , and presented significantly less neuropathic characteristics than @entity1 in the placebo group 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4481 did not reduce the incidence of PTPS in this study. Future research on PTPS should focus on the impact of regional @entity1337 on central sensitization.

title: Impact of XXXX on the occurrence of @entity158 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'Postthoracotomy pain']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['chronic postoperative pain', 'acute postoperative pain']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of tracheo-amniotic shunting in a @entity742 model for congenital high @entity1224 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: High @entity1224 was induced around day 95 (term = 145 days) in 10 lamb fetuses by tracheal clipping. Five days later, ultrasound-guided tracheoamniotic shunting was done using either the Harrison double-pigtail bladder stent (HS) or a @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ). Caesarean section (CS) was done around day 110. At each time point, the cardiothoracic index (CTI) was measured. Lung-to-body weight ratio (LBWR) was calculated at fetal necropsy. The primary endpoint was successful shunting defined as anatomically correct placement and functional airway decompression; the secondary endpoint was survival until CS. RESULTS: Two @entity742 aborted 3 fetuses after tracheal occlusion. Overall, the median CTI at CS was significantly smaller compared to baseline [0.52 (interquartile range, IQR: 0.52-0.54) vs. 0.58 (IQR: 0.54-0.63); p = 0.01]. In the HS group (n = 4), none of the shunts were correctly positioned. In the @entity1652 group (n = 3), there was 1 correct shunt placement; however, this fetus was stillborn. Median LBWR suggested pulmonary overgrowth [0.10 (IQR: 0.08-0.11)]. CONCLUSION: In our hands, using this model with a long and mobile neck and relative @entity2906 , tracheoamniotic shunting for @entity1224 has a high failure rate. If further pursued, alternative techniques or different models should be considered.

title: Experimental Evaluation of Tracheo-Amniotic Shunting for Induced Congenital High Airway Obstruction in a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['BS', 'double-basket device']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction', 'airway obstruction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['Sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND RATIONAL: Atherothrombosis is the leading cause of @entity65 and mortality in Australia and around the world. The evidence base for appropriate management of these subjects has increased over the past decade through the conduct of randomised controlled trials. However little is known of the translation of evidence into clinical practice in terms of current management practice and risk factor control in high-risk @entity1 in Australia. METHODS: As part of the international REACH (Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health, protocol number C 8903) Registry, subjects at high risk of atherothrombosis based on the presence of multiple risk factors or overt coronary artery (CAD), cerebrovascular (CVD) or @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) underwent a @entity65 factor review. Demographic data and current medication management was also assessed. The subjects were recruited entirely through Australian general practice. RESULTS: Globally 67,888 @entity1 were involved in the REACH registry of whom 2783 were recruited from 273 general practitioners around Australia. In comparison to the global population sample the Australian cohort was older (72 years versus 68 years) and had a lower prevalence of current smoking (7% versus 14%). Seventy-three percent of the Australian cohort had CAD and 15% had @entity455 in more than one location. Seventy-four percent of the cohort was either overweight or @entity28 . Despite the widespread use of antihypertensive and lipid lowering therapy, half of the total group had a blood pressure recorded as >or=140/90 mmHg and 24% of the cohort had a total @entity165 level >5.2 mmol/L. CONCLUSION: The REACH registry offers the opportunity to provide a better understanding of the management of @entity65 factors in @entity1 at high-risk of atherothrombosis in Australia. Reducing the high rates of overweight and @entity28 and increasing the proportion of @entity1 achieving therapeutic targets should remain priority areas in the management of this group of high-risk @entity1 .

title: Australians at risk: management of XXXX factors in the REACH Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: The experience of six regional @entity130 centers with severe @entity99 was reviewed to identify trends in management, mortality, and @entity260 . During the 5-year period ending June 1987, 210 complex @entity99 were identified at laparotomy. There were 92 Class III, 59 Class IV, and 59 Class V @entity130 . @entity130 was blunt in 101 (48%) @entity1 and penetrating in 109 (52%). Shock was observed in 38%, 46%, and 85% of Class III, IV, and V @entity1 , respectively. Emergency department thoracotomy was performed in 31 @entity1 . There was only one (3%) survivor. Resuscitative operating room thoracotomy was performed in 34 @entity1 with three (9%) survivors. @entity130 were most frequently treated with hepatotomy and individual vessel ligation (41%) and deep liver suturing (25%). Class IV @entity130 were most often managed by resectional debridement (36%). Class V @entity130 required caval shunt placement in 38 (64%) @entity1 . There were only four (10%) survivors after caval shunt placement. There were 20 (59%) survivors of 34 @entity1 treated with packing placed as an adjunct after @entity99 repair. There was no significant increase in the incidence of @entity733 formation after perihepatic packing. Routine peritoneal drainage was used in 94% of @entity1 . Overall mortality rates for Class III, IV, and V @entity130 were 25%, 46%, and 80%, respectively (p less than 0.01). @entity204 rates due to the @entity99 in Class III, IV, and V @entity1 were 7%, 30%, and 66%, respectively (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Severe XXXX : a multi-center experience with 1,335 @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'hepatic injury', 'liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Mechanism of injury', 'injuries', 'trauma', 'Class III injuries']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of @entity1875 versus @entity2614 associated with @entity1937 on the maintenance of anesthesia and on recovery in @entity1 undergoing elective supratentorial craniotomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective randomized trial enrolling 90 @entity1 scheduled for excision of a @entity1313 . All received an infusion of @entity1937 at a dose of 0.5 microg x Kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) until tracheal intubation and then 0.25 microg x Kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) during surgery. Induction was achieved with @entity1875 and anesthesia was maintained with either @entity2614 at a maximum alveolar concentration of 0.4 (45 @entity1 ) or @entity1875 by target controlled infusion at a concentration of 2.5 microg x mL(-1) (45 @entity1 , group P). Variables assessed were hemodynamic stability during anesthesia and times and quality of recovery from anesthesia (eye opening, initiation of spontaneous ventilation, extubation, cough reflex, and temporal and spacial orientation 3 minutes after extubation. During the first 24 hours after surgery, @entity158 intensity was evaluated on a verbal visual analog scale (VAS) and the incidence of @entity1209 was recorded. RESULTS: Times until eye opening upon request and until extubation were significantly shorter in the @entity2614 group than in the @entity1875 group: 3.7 (SD, 1.2) minutes vs 5 (3.1) minutes, respectively, for eye opening and 6.6 (1.2) minutes vs 8.1 (3.3) minutes for extubation (P<0.01). The incidence of @entity1209 was significantly higher in the @entity2614 group (40% vs 13%, respectively, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Combining @entity1937 with @entity1875 or with @entity2614 provides satisfactory anesthesia during elective supratentorial craniotomy to remove a @entity1313 . Hemodynamic stability is appropriate and recovery from anesthesia is rapid.

title: [Comparison of anesthetic maintenance and recovery with @entity1875 versus @entity2614 combined with XXXX in craniotomy for supratentorial neoplasm].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']


abstract: @entity15369 ( @entity15369 ) is a key regulator of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, cells infiltration whose secretory products play a key role in peritoneal wound healing. The objective of the present study was to determine whether @entity15369 is expressed by parietal peritoneum and whether its temporal and spatial expression is altered following surgically induced @entity6378 during healing. Peritoneal sidewall injuries were induced in @entity19 (N = 60), and the severity of adhesions were graded at 12 hours and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days postsurgery. After collection of peritoneal washes, the injured peritoneum with associated adhesion and intact parietal peritoneum were collected to determine @entity15369 mRNA and protein expression using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry. @entity6378 resulted in adhesion formation with increased severity by day 7 postsurgery. The intact parietal peritoneum expressed @entity15369 mRNA, whose level of expression significantly increased following @entity6378 and reached a maximum at day 4 (p = 0.001), declining to the uninjured control levels by day 7 post-injury. The level of @entity15369 in peritoneal washes also increased as a result of @entity6378 . Immunohistochemically, @entity15369 was localized to various inflammatory and immune cells, adhesion fibroblasts, and mesothelial cells, and its intensity increased during the course of wound healing. In conclusion, we showed that parietal peritoneum expresses @entity15369 and peritoneal tissue injury results in an elevated level of its expression throughout the early phase of wound healing. The results suggest that @entity15369 and its elevated expression may play a role in peritoneal cellular activities that influence the early phases of tissue repair and, possibly, the development of @entity298 .

title: Increased expression of interferon-inducible protein-10 during surgically induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal injury', 'Peritoneal injury']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal adhesions']

answer: @entity6378 :: (MESH:D010532,Disease) :: ['peritoneal injury']


abstract: Endovascular repair of the aorta (EVAR) is a promising alternative to open repair. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a sensitive imaging modality for @entity2333 . We reviewed our experience with TEE in thoracic EVAR. Seven @entity1 underwent thoracic EVAR under general anesthesia. Intraoperative angiography and TEE were used to identify the extent of the @entity439 and guide placement of the stent. Doppler color flow was used to supplement angiography to detect flow within the aneurysmal sac after stent placement. The endograft was successfully deployed in six @entity1 . Endoleak was identified by TEE in three @entity1 and confirmed by angiography in two of them. EVAR was abandoned in one @entity1 on the basis of TEE findings of extensive @entity1580 . We found TEE to be a valuable intraoperative tool for 1) identifying aortic pathology, 2) confirming that the guidewire is in the true lumen, 3) aiding stent graft positioning, and 4) supplementing angiography for detecting endoleaks. TEE can supplement information obtained by angiography to enhance the accuracy of EVAR and potentially improve outcomes. The anesthesiologist is ideally positioned to provide the endovascular team with vital information regarding stent positioning, endoleaks, and cardiac performance with a single imaging modality. IMPLICATIONS: Endovascular repair is an emerging alternative to open surgery for @entity449 . We found transesophageal echocardiography to be a valuable imaging tool for guiding placement of the endograft, detecting leaks around the endograft, and supplementing information derived from angiography during endograft deployment.

title: The importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in endovascular repair of thoracic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: @entity1313 are relatively uncommon. Most of these @entity5 present as external masses. They can also present in the oral cavity or oropharynx. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for biopsy and cytology have made it possible to establish a definitive diagnosis and identify the exact location of the @entity5 in almost all cases before surgery. Traditionally, @entity1313 have been managed by a formal superficial parotidectomy and identification and preservation of the facial nerve, followed by removal of the deep lobe that contains the @entity5 Superficialparotidectomy is associated in most cases with periauricular @entity308 secondary to a loss of volume, leading to variable @entity85 . A complete parotidectomy is more likely to be associated with a larger aesthetic deficit secondary to a greater loss of tissue volume. The incidence of @entity8810 is high after superficial parotidectomy, particularly in the early postoperative period. We hypothesize that if the superficial lobe is preserved, there is less likelihood of @entity8810 because of the interposition of tissue between the skin and the cut ends of the secretomotor fibers. Approximately 80% of parotid tissue volume is made up of the superficial lobe, and therefore preservation of the superficial lobe should be associated with @entity308 . Therefore, we decided to preserve the superficial lobe of the gland for @entity1313 . Nine @entity1 underwent deep-lobe parotidectomy with preservation of the superficial lobe over a 6-year period. @entity1 were studied prospectively with regard to technical difficulty, complications, and cosmetic outcome. Follow-up ranged from 12 months to 6 years. We did not experience any undue technical difficulty, and there were no cases of @entity425 . One @entity1 developed @entity8810 , which almost completely resolved over a 2-year period. There were no cases of post parotidectomy @entity308 , and both @entity1 and surgeons were satisfied with the cosmetic appearance. We present our technique and experience.

title: Preservation of the superficial lobe for XXXX : a better aesthetic outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'less postparotidectomy depression']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['deep-lobe tumors', 'Deep-lobe parotid tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['gustatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['aesthetic deformities']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['deep-lobe parotid tumors']


abstract: Tolerogenic dendritic cells represent a promising immunotherapy in @entity792 . However, the molecular mechanisms that drive tolerogenic DCs functions are not well understood. We used @entity2304 or @entity2304 + @entity58 to generate tolerogenic (GM/DCs) and immunogenic ( @entity58 /DCs) BMDCs from NOD @entity19 , respectively. GM/DCs were resistant to maturation, produced large amounts of @entity1618 but not IL-12p70. GM/DCs displayed a reduced capacity to activate diabetogenic CD8(+) T-cells and were efficient to induce Tregs expansion and conversion. @entity558 stimulation triggered @entity8837 activation that was sustained in GM/DCs but not in @entity58 /DCs. @entity8837 and @entity9829 were involved in @entity1618 production in GM/DCs but not in their resistance to maturation. Supershift analysis showed that NF-kB DNA binding complex contains @entity28348 and @entity1992 in GM/DCs, whereas it contains @entity28348 , @entity1992 and @entity26336 in @entity58 /DCs. ChIP experiments revealed that @entity1992 was recruited to @entity1618 promoter following @entity558 stimulation of GM/DCs whereas its binding to @entity10357 promoter was abolished. Our results suggest that immunoregulatory functions of GM/DCs are differentially regulated by @entity8837 , @entity9829 and NF-kB pathways.

title: Differential role of NF-kB, @entity8837 and XXXX in modulating the immunoregulatory functions of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from NOD @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity9829 :: (16476(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AP-1']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the prevalence of @entity4789 and @entity6331 and to initiate a programme of secondary prophylaxis in Sahafa Town, Sudan. DESIGN: The study was a prospective case finding survey, carried out by a specially trained team headed by a cardiologist. SETTING: The study involved high risk school @entity1 (5-15 years of age) from Sahafa Town in the period 1986-1989. SUBJECTS: A total of 13,332 @entity1 on the school registers (7892 @entity1 and 5430 @entity1 ) were examined generally and specifically for evidence of @entity4789 or @entity6331 . MAIN RESULTS: Out of the 13,322 @entity1 screened 351 were suspected cases and 146 were confirmed cases of @entity4789 or @entity6331 . The prevalence rates for all ages were 10/1000 for @entity1 and 14/1000 for @entity1 . The overall prevalence rate of the whole programme area was 11/1000, prevalence of @entity4789 was 8/1000, and prevalence of @entity6331 was 3/1000. The prevalence rate was significantly increased among the inner town inhabitants (15/1000) compared to the outer town inhabitants 4/1000 (p < 0.001). Monthly prophylactic @entity4995 in a dose of 1,200,000 IU was given to both suspected and confirmed cases. Penicillin coverage rate was 72%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4789 continues to be a serious health problem. With economic pressures causing impending change in socioeconomic conditions in most Third World countries in the immediate future, @entity4789 will continue to have a high prevalence rate and @entity4789 and @entity6331 prevention programmes will remain a central goal.

title: An epidemiological survey of @entity4789 and XXXX in Sahafa Town, Sudan.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever', 'Rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4995 :: ('MESH:D010401', 'Chemical') :: ['benzathine penicillin']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   Esophageal atresia with or without @entity4501 (EA/ @entity41470 ) represents the most common developmental @entity600 of the upper digestive tract. It is classified into six subtypes according to the classification of Vogt, depending on anatomical variation of this @entity600 . Around 50% of the @entity1 with EA/ @entity41470 present additional anomalies, which often influence, next to the EA/ @entity41470 subtype, the overall prognosis of EA/ @entity41470 newborns. Here, we investigated the association of the different EA/ @entity41470 subtypes with co-occurring @entity154 in EA/ @entity41470 @entity1 and demonstrate their implications for postnatal diagnostic workup. Materials and Methods   We investigated 333 @entity1 of a large German multicenter study born between 1980 and 2012. After evaluation of all available clinical records, 235 @entity1 were included in our analysis. We compared our results with existing data. Results   The highest risk for co-occurring anomalies was seen in @entity1 with most common Vogt 3b (p   =   0.024), especially for additional @entity344 (p   =   0.04). Co-occurring anomalies of the skin were significantly more common in @entity1 with subtype Vogt 2 (p   =   0.024). A significant correlation was observed for an @entity245 and EA/ @entity41470 Vogt 3a (p   =   0.041). @entity1 with EA/ @entity41470 showed a higher risk to present with any additional @entity154 compared with the general population (p   <   0.001). Conclusion   Our results warrant thorough clinical workup for @entity344 especially in @entity1 with Vogt 3b. Moreover, it might be necessary to focus on a thorough aftercare for neurocognitive development in @entity1 with Vogt 3a. The here presented observations need to be confirmed by future studies.

title: Esophageal Atresia with or without @entity4501 (EA/ @entity41470 ): Association of Different EA/ XXXX Subtypes with Specific Co-occurring @entity154 and Implications for Diagnostic Workup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['impaired neurodevelopmental outcome']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity41470 :: (110835,Species) :: ['TEF']


abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for the characterization of @entity34022 ( @entity11984 )-induced @entity2332 and the rapid development of long-lasting tolerance in @entity35 while taking into account circadian rhythm in baseline and the influence of handling. @entity11984 -induced @entity2332 and tolerance was measured using body temperature telemetry in male @entity35 , which were given s.c. bolus injections of 0, 15, 150, 300, and 600 micromol kg(-1) and 24-h s.c. continuous infusions of 0, 20, and 40 micromol kg(-1) h(-1) using osmotic pumps. The duration of tolerance was studied by repeated injections of 300 micromol kg(-1) at 3- to 32-day intervals. Plasma exposure to @entity11984 was obtained in satellite groups of catheterized @entity35 . Fitted population concentration-time profiles served as input for the pharmacodynamic analysis. The asymmetric circadian rhythm in baseline body temperature was successfully described by a novel negative feedback model incorporating external light-dark conditions. An empirical function characterized the transient increase in temperature upon handling of the animal. A feedback model for temperature regulation and tolerance development allowed estimation of @entity11984 potency at 30 +/- 1 microM. The delay in onset of tolerance was estimated via a series of four transit compartments at 7.6 +/- 2 h. The long-lasting tolerance was assumed to be caused by inactivation of a mediator with an estimated turnover time of 46 +/- 3 days. This multicomponent turnover model was able to quantify the @entity11984 -induced @entity2332 , circadian rhythm in baseline, and rapid onset of a long-lasting tolerance to @entity11984 in @entity35 .

title: Modeling drug- and system-related changes in body temperature: application to XXXX -induced @entity2332 , long-lasting tolerance development, and circadian rhythm in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity34022 :: ('MESH:D002719', 'Chemical') :: ['clomethiazole']

answer: @entity34022 :: (MESH:D002719,Chemical) :: ['clomethiazole']


abstract: The complement system has been shown to mediate @entity8 -reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the contribution of complement factor @entity12920 to I/R injury, in particular in the kidney, remains to be established. In this study, we investigated the impact of blocking the @entity47513 pathway on the inflammatory response and on the renal function in a @entity19 model of I/R injury. First, we analyzed @entity47513 expression in kidneys of healthy @entity19 . Intriguingly, we found expression on mesangial, as well as on tubular epithelial, cells. After I/R injury, @entity47513 expression was up-regulated in tubular epithelial cells. In addition, mRNA levels of CXC chemokines and @entity637 increased significantly and kidneys were heavily infiltrated by neutrophils. Blocking the @entity47513 pathway by a specific @entity12920 receptor antagonist (C5aRA) abrogated up-regulation of CXC chemokines but not of @entity637 and reduced neutrophil infiltration by >50%. Moreover, application of the C5aRA significantly reduced @entity177 . This improvement of function was independent of the presence of neutrophils because neutrophil depletion by mAb NIMP-R14 did not affect the protective effect of C5aRA treatment. Furthermore, blocking of the @entity47513 pathway had no influence on renal apoptosis. These data provide evidence that @entity12920 is crucially involved in the pathogenesis of @entity8 by modulation of neutrophil-dependent as well as neutrophil-independent pathways, which include the regulation of CXC chemokines but not @entity637 or apoptotic pathways.

title: Complement factor XXXX mediates @entity8 -reperfusion injury independent from neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'renal I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function']

answer: @entity12920 :: (15139(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['C5a']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study is to evaluate @entity1 with wide-necked or complex @entity439 of the anterior circulation who underwent Solitaire AB Neurovascular Remodeling Device-assisted coil embolization. METHODS: From February 2008 to March 2009, consecutive data were collected from 45 @entity1 with anterior circulation @entity439 . Eighteen of the @entity1 presented with acute @entity510 . Forty-six @entity439 were treated with the aid of different applications (n = 49) of the Solitaire AB Remodeling Device followed by standard coiling procedure (n = 43) using bioactive coils or/and bare coils. RESULTS: Successful positioning of the remodeling device was obtained in 95.9% of the cases. There were two @entity1031 complications (4.1%) and one severe @entity2553 requiring retrieval of the device. Permanent procedural morbidity was observed in one @entity1 (2%). The proportion of @entity1 in whom Raymond class 1 occlusion was obtained was 53.5% (n = 23). Raymond class 2 occlusion was achieved in 42% (n = 18) and Raymond class 3 occlusion in 4.7% (n = 2). Thirty-nine @entity1 left the hospital with a good clinical status. CONCLUSION: The initial technical and clinical results of Solitaire AB device-assisted coiling of @entity439 in the anterior circulation are highly encouraging. This technique may enhance the possibilities of the endovascular treatment of these @entity439 in clinical routine.

title: Coil embolization of anterior circulation XXXX supported by the Solitaire AB Neurovascular Remodeling Device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the follicle development and pregnancy in clomiphene @entity1792 -resistant @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) after @entity1173 and gonadotropin administration. METHODS: Seventeen clomiphene @entity1792 -resistant @entity1 with @entity3610 failed to gonadotropin treatment associated with @entity43 ( @entity43 ). They are @entity249 with normal tubal and husbands' sperm condition. In this treatment regimen, all @entity1 was administered with gonadotropin from day 5 of menstrual cycle (or @entity548 ) and were asked to undergo ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular aspirations for 5 days later. Only one or two follicles for every ovary were remained and gonadotropin administration was continued. A follicle development, ovulation rate, pregnancy rate and sex hormone were monitored. RESULTS: Fifteen of the 17 @entity1 experienced dominant follicles development and ovulation. 9 of them with one (52.9%), 4 with two (23.5%) and 2 with three (11.8%) dominant follicles ovulated and pregnancy occurred in 7 @entity1 (41.2%). All of pregnancy are singleton. CONCLUSION: A single follicle development and singleton pregnancy can be realized in clomiphene @entity1792 -resistant @entity3610 @entity1 by combined ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular asperation with gonadotropin administration.

title: [Transvaginal follicular aspiration in follicle phase in the management of anovulation associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'OHSS']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['anovulatory infertility']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['transvaginal follicular aspiration']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of oral @entity53 administration continuously combined with @entity21909 on fasting serum total @entity1255 levels in postmenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: Gynecologic outpatient department of a university hospital. @entity1 (S): One hundred thirty-five healthy, nonhysterectomized postmenopausal @entity1 . INTERVENTION(S): Oral micronized @entity53 (2 mg/d) continuously combined with one of four dosages of @entity21909 (2.5 mg [n = 41], 5 mg [n = 38], 10 mg [n = 37], or 15 mg [n = 19]) was given for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Fasting serum total @entity1255 concentrations. RESULT(S): The mean fasting serum total @entity1255 concentrations in the overall study population decreased significantly (by 13.5%) after the first 3 months of treatment and remained unchanged thereafter. No influence of @entity21909 dosage was found. The greatest reduction in total @entity1255 concentration was obtained in @entity1 with the highest baseline levels. CONCLUSION(S): Continuously combined hormone replacement therapy lowers fasting serum total @entity1255 levels significantly in postmenopausal @entity1 . This decrease may be one of the mechanisms that underlie the cardioprotective effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.

title: Postmenopausal oral @entity53 continuously combined with @entity21909 reduces fasting serum XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity21909 :: ('MESH:D004394', 'Chemical') :: ['dydrogesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 10518 Background: @entity902 -based combination is the standard 1st-line chemotherapy for advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKI) have shown striking treatment efficacy in in @entity1 with specific molecular profiles. This study investigated whether the genomic profiles of @entity1149 differ before and after @entity902 -based chemotherapy, a still pending question. @entity1 AND METHODS: Specimens from 50 stage IIIAN2, IIIB and IV @entity1149 @entity1 with diagnostic (therapy-na  ve) and post-chemotherapy ( @entity1311 , @entity1205 or @entity136 + @entity900 )/chemo-radiotherapy were screened by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for @entity7041 fusions and copy number gain (CNG) of @entity470 and MET . Complete results were obtained in pre- and post-treatment specimens for 45 @entity1 . A positive marker was defined as follows: @entity470 CNG: >= 4 copies in >=  40% cells; MET CNG: mean >= 5 copies/cell; @entity7041 : rearrangement in >15% of the cells. RESULTS: In diagnostic specimens, incidence of @entity470 CNG (55%) was substantially higher than MET CNG (14%) or @entity7041 + (10%). All MET+ were also @entity470 + and all @entity7041 + were negative for @entity470 and MET CNG. There was a significant association between @entity470 CNG and female gender (p=0.001); no association was found between these biomarkers and age, smoking status, histology and stage. For @entity7041 , there was no difference between diagnostic and post-treatment profiles in terms of presence or number of cells carrying the rearrangement (p=0.87). For @entity470 and MET, no significant differences in mean copy number were detected (p=0.26 and p=0.87, respectively). However, 8 @entity1 (18%) were classified in discordant @entity470 copy number categories, 5 (10%) of which were likely due to real biological differences since similar discordance was also detected for MET. CONCLUSIONS: @entity902 chemotherapy does not seem to impact occurrence of @entity7041 gene fusions in @entity1149 . Conversely, a relevant change in the copy number profile of @entity470 and MET was detected in at least 10% of @entity1149 , when diagnostic and resection specimens were compared. These results demonstrate variability of chemotherapy impact in molecular pathways and support that molecular testing be performed in specimens collected just prior to selecting @entity1 for targeted therapy.

title: Changes in molecular profile following @entity902 chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']