abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the numbers and characteristics of @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity341 presenting to hospitals. DESIGN: Prospective survey over eight weeks. SETTING: Two general and one ophthalmic accident and emergency departments, two general outpatient departments, and an eye hospital ward consulting room (all in two teaching hospitals) in Newcastle upon Tyne. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Consultation numbers by age, sex, health district of residence, source of referral, diagnosis, and disposal were determined. An average of 37 @entity341 @entity1 were seen daily. The all cause consultation rate per 1000 population for Newcastle residents was 2.64 (17.2 per year); for injuries it was 1.10 (7.2 per year) and for @entity32 the rate was 0.91 (5.9 per year). Consultation rates per 1000 were 3.5 for males and 1.8 for females, the excess being explained by the higher risk of injury to @entity1 . Most @entity1 were self-referred (58%), consulted during office hours (79.6%), were attended by senior house officers working alone (83.9%), and were asked to return for follow up (66.1%). @entity1 in an accident and emergency department seldom saw a consultant in their initial management. The diagnoses of @entity1 from outside Newcastle were little different from those who lived within the city. The 10 commonest problems accounted for 68% of all cases. Injuries were the commonest problem (40.9% of all diagnoses). CONCLUSION: Ophthalmological accident and @entity341 are an important component of an accident and emergency department workload. These @entity1 are usually seen by junior doctors, some untrained in ophthalmology. The wide range of presenting problems poses a challenge for training and the organisation of effective referral chains, while the gender difference in injury rates points to the potential for prevention.

title: Pattern of @entity64 and XXXX presenting to hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammations']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies', 'ophthalmological emergency']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmological accidents']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergencies']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the time course of @entity30 and its signs. To compare the results with the world literature and draw conclusions for practice. BASIC PROCEDURES: Fifty-six @entity1 were studied retrospectively: 31 males aged 19-48 years with disease duration 1-8 years, and 25 females aged 21-65 with disease duration 1-13 years. The disease was active ( @entity30 activity index > 150) in 25 @entity1 and inactive in 31. Plasma levels of @entity650 (normal upper value 8 pg/ml) were investigated with radioimmunoassay. Bone mineral density was measured as the T-score (normal range between -1 and 0 standard deviations) in the forearm using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The seasonality of births of the @entity1 in relation to the total Slovak population and seasonality of severity of three important disease signs were examined with Halberg cosinor regression. The dependence of the signs on age and duration of disease was evaluated using quadratic regression. Results are presented as 95% confidence intervals (for means) and 95% tolerance intervals (for individuals). The level of statistical significance was set at alpha = 0.05. MAIN FINDINGS: Significant seasonality in births was found: decreased frequency in May-June and increased frequency in September-January. Significant spring elevation of @entity650 levels, accompanied by significant spring rise of the disease activity index and by decrease of bone density, is described. Among @entity1 with active disease, @entity650 levels significantly increased up to the age of 41 years, whereas linear increase of disease activity during aging was on the borderline level of significance in the same subgroup. No significant age trend was encountered in T-score for either subgroup. The same was true for @entity650 and disease activity versus duration. Significant decrease in T-score paralleled disease duration up to seven years in the subgroup with active disease. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: The course of @entity30 is influenced by time, including the seasons of the year. However, this does not find full agreement in the world literature, probably because of geographic, socioeconomic and epidemiologic differences, as well as varying approaches in method. In practice, regular monitoring of the time course is necessary in provision of appropriately timed treatment.

title: Chronobiological aspects of adult-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue homeostasis is guaranteed by stem proliferating reserve, depending on dynamic changes in gene expression. A high plasticity is shown by the haematopoietic stem cells, potential source for @entity409 . AIM: We aimed to evaluate the gene expression modifications induced by @entity1 haematopoietic stem cell therapy after @entity99 in @entity35 . SUBJECTS: @entity35 were sorted as follows: (A) @entity1 -haematopoietic stem cell injection after @entity824 @entity409 ; (B) only haematopoietic stem cell injection; (C) only @entity824 injection; and (D) sacrifice without any treatment. METHODS: Livers, spleens and bone marrows were analysed with flow-cytometry. Livers were also studied by reverse-transcription PCR, histology, immunohistochemistry and microarray analysis; selected genes were confirmed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: In subset A, haematopoietic stem cells were selectively recruited by liver, with respect to the group B, and they improved the @entity409 process compared to group C. As regards microarrays, haematopoietic stem cell infusion upregulates 265 genes and downregulates 149 genes. Differentially regulated genes belong to a broad range of functional pathways, including proliferation, differentiation, adhesion/migration and transcripts related to oval-cell activation. Real-time PCR validated array results. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed the capacity of haematopoietic stem cells to contribute to @entity409 . Moreover, microarray analysis led to the identification of genes whose regulation strongly correlates with a more efficient process of liver repair after haematopoietic stem cell injection.

title: How does @entity1 stem cell therapy influence gene expression after XXXX ? Microarray evaluation on a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity824 :: ('MESH:C006463', 'Chemical') :: ['allyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of lymph node @entity3 in the submuscular recess (level 2B) in selective neck dissections. The goal was to evaluate the oncologic need for dissection in this area owing to the increased morbidity from devascularization of the spinal accessory nerve. METHODS: A prospective analysis of 74 @entity1 who underwent 80 neck dissections from July 2002 to March 6, 2004, was undertaken. Seventy-six of the 80 neck dissections were performed in @entity1 with @entity957 , whereas the remainder were done for @entity1377 of the thyroid. All submuscular recess specimens were sent separately from the remainder of the neck dissection. The location of the primary @entity5 , staging, presurgical radiation status, and the number of nodes in both specimens were recorded. RESULTS: Forty-six percent (37 of 80) of the neck dissections were positive for @entity5 . Of the 80 neck dissections, 8.75% (7) had positive nodes in the submuscular recess. All @entity1 with disease in the submuscular recess were preoperatively staged as N2B or greater. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that dissection of the submuscular recess in @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 may be warranted only in @entity1 with N2B disease or greater.

title: Patterns of lymph node XXXX to the submuscular recess.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: @entity6586 , the principal causative agent of dental caries, produces four glucan-binding proteins (Gbp) that play major roles in bacterial adherence and pathogenesis. One of these proteins, GbpC, is an important cell surface protein involved in biofilm formation. GbpC is also important for cariogenesis, @entity2259 , and @entity884 . In this study, we examined the regulation of gbpC expression in @entity7653 . We found that gbpC expression attains the maximum level at mid-exponential growth phase, and the half-life of the transcript is less than 2 min. Expression from PgbpC was measured using a PgbpC-gusA transcriptional fusion reporter and was analyzed under various stress conditions, including thermal, osmotic, and acid stresses. Expression of gbpC is induced under conditions of thermal stress but is repressed during growth at low pH, whereas osmotic stress had no effect on expression from PgbpC. The results from the expression analyses were further confirmed using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Our results also reveal that @entity61567 , a global response regulator in many @entity7653 spp., represses gbpC expression at the transcriptional level. We demonstrated that purified @entity61567 protein binds directly to the promoter region of PgbpC to repress gbpC expression. Using a DNase I protection assay, we showed that @entity61567 binds to DNA sequences surrounding PgbpC from bases -68 to 28 (where base 1 is the start of transcription). In summary, our results indicate that various stress conditions modulate the expression of gbpC and that @entity61567 negatively regulates the expression of the gbpC gene by directly binding to the promoter region.

title: Regulation of gbpC expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity7653 :: ('210007', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'S. mutans strain UA159']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although it has been suggested that sex differences underlie the varying presentation of @entity226 ( @entity226 ), this has not been proven. We compared medical history, symptoms, and signs in @entity1 with @entity226 and @entity2760 ( @entity2760 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in the Hadassah University Hospitals in Jerusalem, Israel. We evaluated medical data of 88 @entity1 (59 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 ) admitted with the diagnosis of @entity226 or @entity2760 between 1980 and 1998. RESULTS: Comparison of comorbidities among @entity1 showed that @entity2175 , @entity64 , and @entity177 are more prevalent in @entity1 , while @entity101 has a trend to be more prevalent in @entity1 . In the clinical presentation of the disease, @entity2194 is more prevalent in @entity1 , with a tendency towards @entity1939 . @entity1 tend to have higher prevalence of jaw involvement and complaints of @entity2760 . The sexes also seem to differ with respect to laboratory presentation of the disease. CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity226 and @entity2760 differ in their history, presentation, and laboratory findings. Our results recommend a more aggressive approach to male @entity1 in view of the higher prevalence of severe @entity2194 .

title: Sex differences in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye involvement and blindness', 'eye involvement']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis', 'GCA']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia rheumatica', 'polymyalgia', 'PMR']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['giant cell arteritis']


abstract: Using data from four sources, @entity1641 -related @entity130 are summarized for @entity1 younger than 25 years of age. @entity542 caused 57% of @entity204 . The upper extremity was the most common area injured, with the next most frequent areas the lower extremity (National Park Service data) and the head (United States Pony Clubs [USPC] data). Injured females outnumbered injured males and had a greater percentage of @entity1 injured (USPC data). @entity130 occurred at home in 41% (National Electronic Injury Surveillance System data). USPC figures suggest that greater knowledge may reduce the severity of @entity1641 -related @entity130 . Previous @entity1641 -related injury had occurred in 1 of 4 of those injured (USPC data). One third of accidents occurred during lessons (USPC data). Riding instructors should be certified by a recognized organization, and parents should evaluate an instructor's personal riding and their safety records with students. The pediatrician's role should be in counseling parents with @entity1 who ride and in offering recommendations for safety to governing boards of youth @entity1641 activities.

title: Pediatric equestrian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: @entity9 includes @entity14000 ( @entity14000 ), @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ), and @entity4254 , and so on. Although various drugs have been tried to treat @entity9 , the effectiveness of the drugs sometimes may be limited for chronic intractable @entity9 , especially when they cannot be used at an adequate dose, due to undesirable severe side effects and the underlying disease itself. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been known for its analgesic effect in various @entity158 conditions. Nevertheless, there are no data of nerve block in @entity14000 and @entity3949 . Here, we report two @entity1 successfully treated with ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block using BoNT-A for intractable @entity14000 and @entity3949 . One @entity1 had @entity14000 on the @entity2045 and the other @entity1 had @entity3949 on a lower extremity. Due to side effects of drugs, escalation of the drug dose could not be made. We injected 50 Botox units (BOTOX(  ), Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) into brachial plexus and lumbar plexus, respectively, under ultrasound. Their @entity158 was significantly decreased for about 4-5 months. Ultrasound-guided nerve block with BoNT-A may be an effective analgesic modality in a chronic intractable @entity9 especially when conventional treatment failed to achieve adequate @entity158 relief.

title: Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Block with Botulinum Toxin Type A for Intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['left upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['PDN', 'painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['PHN', 'postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Injuries in living cells caused by water freezing during a freeze-thaw process have been extensively reported. In particular, intracellular water freezing has long been incriminated in cell death caused by a high cooling rate, but this supposition could not always be demonstrated. This work aims to discriminate the role of water freezing, @entity2700 and cold-induced @entity130 in cellular damage occuring during cryopreservation. For this purpose, @entity2624 TG1 suspensions were maintained in a supercooled or frozen state at -20  C for times ranging from 10min to 5h. The supercooled state was maintained for a long period at -20  C by applying a non-injurious isostatic pressure (P<40MPa). Next, viability and membrane damage were determined by agar plating and fluorescence staining with @entity2667 and @entity52642 . It was clear that keeping the cell suspensions in the supercooled state had a detrimental effect on both viability and plasma membrane permeability. Conversely, when cells were subjected to cold stress by freezing, the survival rate remained high throughout the experiment, and the cell membranes suffered @entity16 . Moreover, cells subjected to 5h of osmotic treatments at -20  C, conditions that mimic cryoconcentration upon freezing, and subsequently diluted and thawed suffered @entity16 . Dehydration due to cryoconcentration upon freezing protects the cells against the deleterious effects of supercooling, especially in the plasma membranes. The decrease in membrane leakage upon @entity2700 at low temperatures could be linked to differences in the gel state of the membrane revealed by a higher Laurdan general polarization (GP) value.

title: Cryopreservation of XXXX TG1: Protection from the damaging effects of supercooling by freezing.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['little damage']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K12']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity2624 :: (83333,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli K12']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The successful management of @entity158 from normal or interventional delivery is an important part of @entity1 's experience of childbirth. Our objective was to examine psychosocial factors (expectations, control beliefs, @entity148 sensitivity) as measured in mothers and birth partners before an elective cesarean section. We focused on the impact that these variables have on maternal fear and @entity158 during and after delivery. METHODS: Sixty-five @entity1 booked for an awake cesarean section with a regional nerve block and their birth partners were recruited. Data were collected at three time points for the mothers, before, during the cesarean section and after delivery on the postnatal ward, and at two time points for the birth partners (before and during the cesarean section). RESULTS: Maternal fear responses varied during the operation, in that fear was greatest at the point of administration of the nerve block. Within mothers, preoperative negative expectations were related to fear experiences during delivery, which was in turn related to their @entity282 . @entity148 was found to mediate the relationship between negative expectations and fear, whereas birth partner's fear mediated between maternal fear and @entity282 . Mothers' prenatal perceptions of control over drugs predicted their @entity282 . CONCLUSIONS: Maternal fear during cesarean section not only fluctuates, but may be influenced by psychosocial factors, including their birth partner. Psychosocial factors were also important predictors of postoperative experiences. Interventions that appropriately manage psychological and social factors during cesarean delivery may facilitate a more positive experience for mothers.

title: Psychosocial influences on XXXX 's experience of planned elective cesarean section.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal anxiety sensitivity', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the success of prism use in alleviating @entity892 in @entity1 with @entity6125 and to provide recommendations for prism prescription. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of 83 @entity1 who were prescribed prisms for symptomatic @entity892 due to @entity6125 were analyzed. Data on the nature and duration of @entity892 , motility and alignment findings, and amount and type of prism prescribed were recorded. The success of prescribed prismatic correction was assessed by the @entity1 's self-reporting of satisfaction with prism use and follow-up records. The main outcome measure was the satisfaction rate associated with the use of prisms (satisfaction score 1 or 2) in @entity1 with @entity6125 . RESULTS: There were 69 @entity1 with @entity6125 and 14 @entity1 with acquired @entity6125 who received prisms. The mean primary position (   SD) deviation in this group was 7.8 (   4.6) prism diopters (PD). The mean prism prescription was 6 (   2.9) PD. Overall, 92% of @entity1 were satisfied with the use of prisms. During the length of follow-up, which ranged from 2 months to more than 6 years (median: 18 months), 86% of the cohort continued using prisms while 14% of @entity1 underwent strabismus surgery. Among 15 @entity1 who had primary position deviation greater than 15 PD, 80% of the @entity1 reported satisfaction with prisms, and in the 11 @entity1 who received 10 PD or more of prismatic correction, 82% were satisfied. CONCLUSION: Prisms are an effective modality for the management of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity892 due to @entity6125 . Even in @entity1 with larger deviations including those who were prescribed greater than 10 PD of correction, the success rate of prisms in alleviating @entity892 was high. Prisms should be considered as initial therapy in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity6125 .

title: Success of prisms in the management of XXXX due to @entity6125 .

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['fourth nerve palsy', 'congenital fourth nerve palsy']

answer: @entity892 :: (MESH:D004172,Disease) :: ['diplopia']


abstract: Chloroplast division in plant cells is accomplished through the coordinated action of the tubulin-like @entity55900 ring inside the organelle and the dynamin-like @entity57785 ring outside the organelle. This coordination is facilitated by @entity57786 , an inner envelope protein required for both assembly of @entity55900 and recruitment of @entity57785 . Recently, we showed that @entity57786 specifies the mid-plastid positioning of the outer envelope proteins @entity57787 and @entity57788 , which have parallel functions in dynamin recruitment. @entity57788 positioning involves direct @entity57786 - @entity57788 interaction, but @entity57787 and @entity57786 do not interact indicating that an additional factor functions downstream of @entity57786 to position @entity57787 . Here, we show that @entity57789 (paralog of @entity57786 ), an @entity57786 -like protein unique to vascular plants, fulfills this role. Like @entity57786 , @entity57789 is an inner envelope protein with its N-terminus exposed to the stroma and @entity958 @entity57789 mutants exhibit defects of chloroplast and @entity55900 filament morphology. However, whereas @entity57786 promotes @entity55900 assembly, @entity57789 appears to inhibit @entity55900 assembly, suggesting that @entity57786 and @entity57789 function as antagonistic regulators of @entity55900 dynamics. The @entity55900 inhibitory activity of @entity57789 may involve its interaction with the @entity55900 -positioning factor @entity57790 . A @entity57789 -GFP fusion protein localizes both to the mid-plastid and to a single spot at one pole, reminiscent of the localization of @entity57790 , @entity57787 and @entity57785 . Although @entity57789 localizes @entity57787 , it is not required for @entity57788 localization or @entity57785 recruitment. Our findings indicate that @entity57789 , like @entity57786 , plays a role in coordinating the internal and external components of the chloroplast division complex, but that @entity57789 has evolved distinct functions in the division process.

title: @entity57789 , a novel chloroplast division factor, influences @entity55900 assembly and is required for recruitment of XXXX during chloroplast division in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity57787 :: (835409(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['PDV1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Objectives. @entity661 ( @entity661 ) is a condition of transient @entity1002 . The effects on @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and geometry have not been studied enough in @entity661 . Retrospectively, we analyzed our @entity661 cohort both by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for comparative purposes. Design. Thirteen @entity1 undergoing TTE and MRI, at onset and three months later, were included. @entity1002 was estimated by MRI, and two TTE methods. @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) was measured, while radial strain was assessed by TTE. Data analysis included Wilcoxon's test (between phases), Mann-Whitney U test and McNemar's test (between and within groups). Bland-Altman analyses were used for intertechnique coherence, while interactions regarding TTE were tested using Spearman's coefficient. Results. @entity1002 decreased during recovery (p < 0.05), by MRI and one of the TTE methods; truncated ellipsoid formula (TEF), which also showed relatively better coherence compared with MRI. @entity1347 decreased in two of three sites, by both modalities, but with ambiguous coherence there between. The TEF data interacted partially with a demonstrated increase in radial strain. Conclusions. @entity661 associates with acute increase in @entity1002 , which appears to be an apical effect, tending to follow the changes in concentric wall motion. MRI and TTE show adequate coherence; primarily for the TEF method regarding @entity1002 .

title: Effect on left ventricular mass and geometry in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Segmental wall thickness', 'SWT']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['TTC', 'Takotsubo cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV mass', 'left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LVM']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['takotsubo cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity2254 , continuously administered for 3 days subcutaneously via an implanted minipump, induced @entity528 in Long-Evans and @entity35 at doses between 20 and 60 mg/kg/day. Using Fink-Heimer @entity575 staining, @entity528 was detected in the neostriatum and the dorsal agranular insular cortex and degenerating pyramidal cells were observed in portions of the somatosensory neocortex in both strains. In contrast, dense @entity528 largely confined to layers 2 and 3 of frontal motor areas (Fr1, Fr2 and Fr3 of Zilles36) with occasional degenerating cells was seen reliably in Long-Evans @entity35 but rarely in @entity35 . In the electron microscope, cortical degeneration consisted mainly of disrupted cell bodies and dark processes, including axons making asymmetric synapses. Damage in all cortical areas represents damage to non- @entity1154 neurons and processes since @entity669 hydroxylase and @entity750 immunolabeling were normal. In contrast, the damage in neostriatum probably includes damage to @entity935 axonal terminals since @entity669 hydroxylase immunolabeling was patchy with many swollen and distorted labeled axons. @entity750 and Leu-enkephalin labeling were normal. Electron microscopy confirmed that the neostriatum contained many @entity669 hydroxylase-labeled axons that were swollen and disrupted, although other labeled processes made normal symmetric synapses onto spines and dendrites. @entity528 found only in @entity4944 -treated @entity35 included many dark, shrunken profiles. Some of these appeared to be astrocytic processes and a few were myelinated axons, suggesting that some non- @entity1154 , possibly cortical afferents, are also degenerating in the neostriatum. Since similar degrees of behavioral activation, @entity353 and lethality were seen in both strains, a genetic predisposition constrain @entity4944 -induced motor cortex damage but not neostriatal damage.

title: Histological and ultrastructural evidence that XXXX causes degeneration in neostriatum and frontal cortex of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['D-Amphetamine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neural degeneration', 'Additional degeneration', 'axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity2254 :: (MESH:D003913,Chemical) :: ['D-amphetamine']


abstract: Prognosis in @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is related to the establishment of an immunologically and kinetically characteristic plateau phase. @entity1 who present with this state may not benefit from immediate chemotherapy. We assessed 20 @entity1 with @entity1582 who were staged according to the Salmon and Durie classification at diagnosis and monitored throughout the course of their disease. @entity1 with a lambda paraprotein and a kappa/lambda lymphocyte ratio in the blood greater than 4.0 were considered to demonstrate @entity1155 ( @entity1155 ). Similarly, @entity1 with a kappa paraprotein and a kappa/lambda ratio of less than 0.55 were also considered to have @entity1155 (1). 14 @entity1 had @entity1155 ; of these, 6 were classified as stage IA, 2 as stage IB, 3 as stage IIA, and 3 as stage IIIA. 6 @entity1 did not have @entity1155 ; 3 were classified as stage IIA, 1 as stage IIIA and 2 as stage IIIB. 10 @entity1 with @entity1155 were assessed for treatment benefit following administration of melphalan and @entity229 , as defined by a fall in the serum paraprotein level of greater than 50% over 6 months. In 8 patients the serum paraprotein levels did not fall, and the @entity1 remained in good health without clinical deterioration. Thus @entity1155 at presentation may indicate @entity1 in whom treatment can be safely deferred or in whom aggressive therapy is not indicated.

title: XXXX : @entity1155 --a marker of stable disease at presentation.

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['light chain isotype suppression', 'LCIS']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the value of accessory salivary gland biopsy for the diagnosis of @entity2783 , a study was conducted in the nephrology and hemodialysis department at Ibn Rochd University Hospital from February 1996 to January 1998. METHODS: @entity12042 was confirmed by renal biopsy accompanying accessory salivary gland biopsy. RESULT: The @entity1 's mean age was 39 years old (range 15-80), with a 4:1-male/female ratio. An infectious cause (either @entity378 or superinfection and dilatation of the bronchi) was the most frequent (70% of the cases) etiology. All the @entity1 presented renal symptomatology. @entity1985 predominated. @entity527 were observed in 100% of renal needle biopsies and in 80% of accessory salivary gland biopsies. CONCLUSION: Renal biopsy led to more positive cases than the other biopsies. It may be accompanied by severe complications. Furthermore, biopsy of the accessory salivary glands is a simple and very reliable technique for the diagnosis of @entity2783 . It is currently the best diagnostic test.

title: [Value of the biopsy of accessory salivary glands in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['Renal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: An immunogenic protein called P32 has been purified from Sauton @entity219 deficient culture filtrate of @entity2497 BCG using successively hydrophobic chromatography on @entity4364 , ion exchange on DEAE-Sephacel and molecular sieving on Sephadex G-100. The final preparation was found to be homogeneous as based on several analyses. This P32 protein was a constituent of BCG cells grown in normal conditions. It represented about 3% of the soluble fraction of a cellular extract, and appeared as the major protein released in normal Sauton culture filtrate. This protein was found to have a molecular weight of 32,000 by @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and in molecular sieving. Its @entity535 composition showed an abundance of acidic @entity1522 (or their @entity7573 ). The @entity2733 -terminal @entity535 sequence (6 @entity1522 ) was determined. Purified P32 was tested by various crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques, and was shown to belong to the antigen 85 complex in the reference system for BCG antigens. It was more precisely identified as antigen 85A. The protein antigen elicited a weak delayed @entity56 reaction in @entity840 sensitized with heat-killed or living BCG. No delayed @entity56 reaction was observed in living BCG sensitized @entity19 , however, it induced significant amounts of gamma interferon in cultured spleen cells from BCG-sensitized @entity19 . Moreover, P32 either pure or as part of BCG soluble extract promoted substantial antibody levels when injected in @entity95 .

title: Purification, characterization and identification of a 32 kDa protein antigen of XXXX BCG.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4364 :: ('MESH:C020927', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenyl-Sepharose']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathological features of @entity320 biopsies can provide significant prognostic information that can help the surgeon evaluate the risk of @entity66 . The aim of this study was to attempt to determine the relationship between pathological features of primary @entity320 and @entity66 , by sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was completed of @entity1 who underwent SNB at AC Camargo @entity5 Center, S  o Paulo, Brazil, between 2000 and 2010. RESULTS: A total of 697 @entity1 were evaluated. By univariate analysis, it was found that histology, Clark level, @entity92 , mitotic index, @entity1066 , regression, lymphatic and perineural @entity3 were significantly associated with SNB positivity. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that @entity92 , mitotic index, @entity1066 , regression, lymphatic @entity3 were significant factors. In @entity1 with a positive SNB, the primary @entity5 site, Clark level and @entity92 greater than 2 mm were significantly related to non-sentinel node (NSN) positivity by univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis, @entity92 greater than 2 mm was the only primary @entity5 feature that was significantly related (p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: The indication of SNB should not be based solely on @entity92 and @entity1066 or mitotic index. A complete evaluation of the pathological report should improve the identification of high-risk @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX features and their relationship with @entity66 : the importance of the pathological report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['complete node dissection', 'CND']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['Breslow depth']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasion and satellitosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe changes in pharmacotherapy for @entity565 since the early 1990s in an international cohort of young and middle-aged adults. A total of 28 centres from 14 countries participated in a longitudinal study. The study included 8,829 subjects with a mean follow-up time of 8.7 yrs. Change in the prevalence of use for medication was expressed as absolute net change (95% confidence interval) standardised to a 10-yr period. The use of anti- @entity748 was found to have increased by 3.1% (2.4-3.7%) and the prevalence of symptomatic @entity565 by 4.0% (3.5-4.5%). In the sample with @entity565 in both surveys (n=423), the use of inhaled @entity288 increased by 12.2% (6.6-17.8%). Despite this, only 17.2% were using inhaled @entity288 on a daily basis at follow-up. Females with continuous @entity565 were more likely, compared with males, and smokers with @entity565 , to have started using inhaled @entity288 since the first survey. The use of anti- @entity748 has increased in a pattern consistent with current consensus on treatment. However, despite increased use of inhaled @entity288 , a large majority of subjects with symptomatic @entity565 do not use this treatment on a daily basis, particularly males and smokers with @entity565 .

title: Changes in the use of anti- XXXX medication in an international cohort.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: Magnevad II is an improved version of Magnevad I and both are fourth-generation axial flow left ventricular assist devices. A major simplification has been implemented and tested. Magnevad I used a magnetically suspended rotor requiring active axial control. Magnevad II is completely passive but otherwise similar. A self-washing radial hydrodynamic bearing suspends the rotor. In the axial direction, noncontact axial stiffness is provided by opposing pairs of repulsion magnets (called bumper magnets). Rotor location shifts in response to differential pressure. A low-cost position sensor measures this motion to provide pump differential pressure. This is used to create pulsating flow and physiologic control (like Magnevad I). @entity2142 of Magnevad II using @entity1 blood was very low with a normalized index of @entity2142 at 0.001-0.002 g/100 L. Our first @entity742 trial took place in September 2004. No @entity715 or deposits were found in the disassembled pump. Longer @entity742 trials are scheduled in March 2005 at the Foundation Cardio-Infantil in Bogota, Colombia.

title: Magnevad status of design improvements @entity1 blood results and preliminary XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis', 'Hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: We previously found that serum levels of @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and @entity2301 , but not IFGBP-2, were associated with @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and the risk of @entity174 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of @entity31650 in age-dependent @entity604 and @entity174 risk in postmenopausal Japanese @entity1 and to compare them with those of @entity442 and @entity2301 . One hundred and ninety-three Japanese @entity1 aged 46-88 years (mean 62.5) were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. @entity79 was measured at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, ultradistal radius (UDR), and total body by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum levels of @entity31650 as well as @entity442 and @entity2301 were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum levels of @entity442 , @entity2301 , and @entity14172 declined with age, while serum @entity12561 increased with age. Multiple regression analysis was performed between @entity79 at each skeletal site and serum levels of @entity442 and IGFBPs adjusted for age, body weight, height, and serum @entity1011 . @entity79 at the UDR was significantly and positively correlated with all serum levels of @entity442 and IGFBPs measured (P < 0.01), while @entity79 at the femoral neck was correlated with none of them. Serum @entity442 level was significantly and positively correlated with @entity79 at all sites except the femoral neck (P < 0.01), while serum @entity57922 levels were significantly and positively correlated with only radial @entity79 (P < 0.01). Serum @entity14172 level was positively correlated with UDR @entity79 (P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with total @entity79 (P < 0.05). Serum @entity442 , @entity2301 , and IFGBP-5 levels were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity174 than in those without @entity174 (mean +/- SD: 97.1 +/- 32.1 vs. 143.9 +/- 40.9 ng/dl, P < 0.0001; 2.18 +/- 1.02 vs. 3.23 +/- 1.07 microg/ml, P < 0.0001; 223.6 +/- 63.3 vs. 246.5 +/- 71.5 ng/ml, P = 0.0330, respectively). When multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with the presence of @entity174 as a dependent variable and serum levels of @entity442 and IGFBPs adjusted for age, body weight, height, serum @entity1011 , and serum alubumin as independent variables, @entity442 and @entity2301 were selected as indices affecting the presence of @entity174 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.29, 95% confidential interval (CI) 0.15-0.57 per SD increase, P = 0.0003 and OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.16-0.61 per SD increase, P = 0.0007, respectively]. To compare the significance values, @entity442 , @entity2301 , and age were simultaneously added as independent variables in the analysis. @entity2301 was more strongly associated with the presence of @entity174 than @entity442 and age (P = 0.0006, P = 0.0148, and P = 0.0013, respectively). Thus, after comprehensive measurements of serum levels of @entity442 and IGFBPs, it seems that serum @entity442 level is most efficiently associated with bone mass and that serum @entity2301 level is most strongly associated with the presence of @entity174 in postmenopausal @entity1 among the IGF system components examined.

title: Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF); IGF-binding proteins-3, -4, and -5; and their relationships to @entity79 and the risk of XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the histology of the peripheral vestibular system in temporal bones from @entity1 who in life had undergone cochlear implantation and to correlate the findings with previous reports of @entity394 after cochlear implantation. This is the first quantitative report of the impact of implantation on the vestibular neuronal end organ. METHODSThere were 19 temporal bones available for histologic study. Of these, 17 were suitable for the description of the morphology of the membranous labyrinth, 8 for counting Scarpa's ganglion cells, and 6 for measuring the densities of vestibular hair cells. The bones were fixed, cut, and stained according to previously published methods. Preferably, the implanted electrode was left in situ. Vestibular hair cells were counted with Nomarski's optics. RESULTS: Differences in Scarpa's ganglion cell counts and hair cell densities between the implanted and nonimplanted sides were not statistically significant. In 59% of the implanted bones, the cochlea was hydropic, and in the majority of these bones the saccule was collapsed. CONCLUSION: Cochlear implantation does not cause deafferentation of the peripheral vestibular system. Cochlear @entity4 accompanied by @entity439 is common and may cause attacks of vertigo of delayed onset, similar to M  ni  re's syndrome as previously reported in several clinical series. @entity4 could be caused by obstruction of endolymphatic flow in the ductus reuniens or in the hook portion of the cochlea or by damage to the lateral cochlear wall caused by implantation.

title: Histopathology of the peripheral vestibular system after cochlear implantation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops', 'Hydrops']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular collapse']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study aims at a functional and morphological characterization of the lung of a boid snake. In particular, we were interested to see if the python's lungs are designed with excess capacity as compared to resting and working @entity26 demands. Therefore, the morphological respiratory diffusion capacity of @entity16654 ( @entity16654 ) was examined following a stereological, hierarchically nested approach. The volume of the respiratory exchange tissue was determined using computed tomography. Tissue compartments were quantified using stereological methods on light microscopic images. The tissue diffusion barrier for @entity26 transport was characterized and measured using transmission electron micrographs. We found a significant negative correlation between body mass and the volume of respiratory tissue; the lungs of larger snakes had relatively less respiratory tissue. Therefore, mass-specific respiratory tissue was calculated to exclude effects of body mass. The volume of the lung that contains parenchyma was 11.9  5.0mm(3)g(-1). The volume fraction, i.e., the actual pulmonary exchange tissue per lung parenchyma, was 63.22  7.3%; the total respiratory surface was, on average, 0.214  0.129m(2); it was significantly negatively correlated to body mass, with larger snakes having proportionally smaller respiratory surfaces. For the air-blood barrier, a harmonic mean of 0.78  0.05 m was found, with the epithelial layer representing the thickest part of the barrier. Based on these findings, a median diffusion capacity of the tissue barrier ( [Formula: see text] ) of 0.69  0.38ml O(2)min(-1)mmHg(-1) was calculated. Based on published values for blood @entity26 concentration, a total @entity26 uptake capacity of 61.16mlO(2)min(-1)kg(-1) can be assumed. This value exceeds the maximum demand for @entity26 in @entity16654 by a factor of 12. We conclude that healthy individuals of @entity16654 possess a considerable spare capacity for tissue @entity26 exchange.

title: Morphological respiratory diffusion capacity of the lungs of @entity16654 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity16654 :: ('51751', 'Species') :: ['P. regius', 'Python regius', 'ball pythons']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity16654 :: (51751,Species) :: ['Python regius']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We try to determinate the epidemiological distribution of the different pathologies which produce laboral absenteeism. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: IV Health Area, Asturias. @entity1 : Parts of discharge laboral transitory incapacity P9. INTERVENTION AND MAIN RESULTS: The gross rate of laboral transitory incapacity is 16.8%. Sex: 67.3% male, 32.7% female. The mean days for episode is 37.42 (DE = 60.47). Female average duration is 10 days more than male. For each year the mean duration increased 1.3 days (r = 0.25; p < 0.05). The 50% episodes has a duration less than two weeks. The three main illness groups are the breathing diseases ( @entity797 ), @entity717 (XIII) and accidents and @entity130 (XVII). Many pathologies are associated with sex and age. Many pathologies have a stational distribution: @entity797 (p < 0.001), digestive diseases (p < 0.001), @entity1032 (p < 0.05) and XVII (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 1) Is interesting the exploration of the information contents in P9 parts. 2) The aged is relationed with during of absenteeism. 3) Many pathologies were associated with the sex and aged of @entity1 . 4) Many pathologies have a stational distribution.

title: [Transient XXXX throughout a year in the IV Area of Asturias].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental diseases']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor diseases']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatism']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['work disability']


abstract: @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) is one of the most malignant @entity1 @entity5 and has a grave prognosis. This study gives an update on our experience with this unusual @entity5 , with specific focus on the response to various treatment modalities. Forty-seven @entity1 with histologically proven ATCs were enrolled (19 @entity1 , 28 @entity1 ; mean age, 62.8 years). This number represents 1.5% among a total of 3,088 @entity259 treated between 1977 and 2002. The mean @entity5 diameter was 8.8 cm, and 22 @entity1 had distant @entity3 . @entity5295 was seen in 26 (89.7%) of the cases that underwent surgery. Treatment modalities adopted could be classified into 5 groups: Group 1, biopsy only; Group 2, biopsy and chemoradiotherapy; Group 3, debulking only; Group 4, debulking and chemoradiotherapy; Group 5, complete excision and chemoradiotherapy. Survival was calculated from the time of diagnosis, and comparisons of survival were done by log-rank analysis. The mean survival was 4.3 months (range, 1.0-21 months). The mean survival based on treatment modalities were as follows: Group 1 (n = 10), 2.1 months, Group 2 (n = 8); 3.6 months; Group 3 (n = 7), 3.0 months; Group 4 (n = 14), 3.5 months, Group 5 (n = 8), 9.4 months. There was no significant difference in survival time between the various types of treatment modalities. Even though a small improvement in survival was observed with complete excision and aggressive multimodality therapy, nearly all ATCs remain unresponsive to ongoing treatment modalities and as such, present a therapeutic dilemma. A more effective treatment regimen should be sought in order to improve survival.

title: XXXX : a therapeutic dilemma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5295 :: ('MESH:D054908', 'Disease') :: ['Extrathyroidal extension']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity2867 :: (MESH:D065646,Disease) :: ['Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Doctors perform colonoscopies when presented with various symptoms, including unexplained @entity353 , @entity548 , changes in bowel habits, however many other symptoms such as @entity490 , @entity294 and @entity1142 may be more popular in outpatient department. As a result, we want to evaluate the three symptoms which is more need to have a colonoscopy. @entity490 , @entity294 and @entity1142 are the main reasons for @entity1 to visit the outpatient department of gastroenterology. And the colonoscopy is regularly recommended for outpatients with the above symptoms in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of colonoscopy on the diagnosis of each single symptom of the three above and answer the question of my title-which symptom is more indispensable to have a colonoscopy? METHODS: Colonoscopic findings of 580 outpatients with a single of these three common @entity344 were systematically analyzed in retrospect. RESULTS: In this study, no significant difference was found in the positive rate of @entity694 and @entity31 among these three groups divided by symptoms. The incidence of @entity694 and @entity1960 for the chronic @entity490 , chronic @entity294 and @entity1142 group are 20.8%, 57.1%, 42.9% respectively. The incidence of @entity694 increases with age. Among the age groups 13-39 years old, 40-59 years and > 60 years, the incidence is 7.9%, 13.6%, 22.4% respectively. There is no significant difference in the incidence of @entity694 in our groups of symptoms. CONCLUSION: The results show the prevailing opinion that the indications of colonoscopy just refer to symptom and physical sign nowadays in China is inappropriate and it is best to take a full consideration of @entity1 's age, auxiliary examinations, family diseases history and other factors.

title: @entity490 , XXXX , @entity1142 -which symptom is more indispensable to have a colonoscopy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyps and cancer', 'colon polyps and colon cancer', 'colon polyps, cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: From March 1990 to December 1992, 47 @entity1 with primary or recurrent @entity5 underwent total rectal resection and a coloendoanal @entity254 . Rectal resection was extended downward to the ano-rectal junction. The restorative technique included a colo-endoanal @entity254 between the dentate line and a J-shaped colic reservoir. All lesions were located within 7 cm of the anal verge (within 6 cm in 33 primary cases). Macroscopic and histological radicality was documented in all cases. Pelvic recurrence occurred in six @entity1 and was para-anastomotic in one case. Post-operative morbidity was low. Perfect continence was documented in 36 @entity1 and 72 of the cases had one or two bowel movements a day. All but four @entity1 are alive at a follow-up ranging from 6 to 40 months (median 20 months). This approach is a safe option to conventional total rectal excision with permanent colostomy for lower third @entity189 .

title: Total rectal resection and colo-anal XXXX with colonic reservoir for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low rectal cancer']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) has not been widely used in @entity418 because of concerns about safety of dilatation, suitability of the stomach as an esophageal replacement, and potential for inoculation @entity3 . METHODS: Experience with @entity970 in consecutive @entity1 presenting with new @entity418 from March 1991 to March 2001 was reviewed retrospectively. @entity970 was planned in 119 of 179 (66%) of these @entity1 excluding those presenting moribund and those for whom early resection was planned. The @entity970 was placed using an endoscopic method with wire-guided endoscopic bougienage or laser ablation or both as needed. Success of placement, requirement for dilatation and ablation, @entity970 -related complications, tolerance of enteral feeds, and impact on therapy were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity970 placement was possible in 87% of @entity1 (103 of 119). Dilatation or laser ablation or both was required in 46% (47 of 103). There was no procedure-related mortality. Thirty-day mortality was 13.5%. Major @entity970 -related complications were observed in 4% (4 of 103) and minor @entity970 -related complications in 12% (12 of 103). @entity970 removal was required in 4 @entity1 and interruption of enteral feeds required in 33 (32%). No instances of esophageal disruption or @entity5 inoculation @entity3 were noted. @entity970 takedown and site closure at the time of operation was uncomplicated and use of the stomach as an esophageal substitute was possible in all 61 resected @entity1 . Rates of @entity834 , stricture, and gastric emptying delay were similar to those for @entity1 proceeding to resection without prior @entity970 (leak: @entity970 = 8% [5 of 61] versus non- @entity970 = 10.5% [2 of 19]), (stricture: @entity970 = 37% [22 of 61] versus non- @entity970 = 32.5% [6 of 19]), (delay: @entity970 = 9.8% [6 of 61] versus non- @entity970 = 10.5% [2 of 19]). Analysis of variables showed @entity970 to be significantly related to attainment of target doses of chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.034), and survival at 12 months (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity970 in @entity418 is safe and useful and does not compromise the stomach or esophagogastric @entity254 . Further study is required to define the efficacy of @entity970 as a means of nutritional support and its impact on survival.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before multimodality therapy in XXXX with @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity28 @entity1 with the @entity356 ( @entity356 ) was reported to improve reflux symptoms, independent of @entity353 . We evaluated the effect of gastric electrical stimulation on LES pressure in conscious @entity235 . METHODS: 8 @entity235 were studied. GES with three sets of parameters was randomly applied via a pair of electrodes implanted in the fundus on separate days. Manometry was performed with a Dent-Sleeve catheter passed through an esophageal canula. The involvement of the cholinergic pathway was also tested. RESULTS: 1) Stimulation with @entity356 parameters (40 Hz, 0.3 ms, 6 mA, 2 seconds on and 3 seconds off) induced a significant increase in LES pressure (29.9+/-4.8 mmHg), and remained significantly higher during the post-stimulation period (32.6+/-9.6 mmHg) compared to baseline (24.5+/-3.8 mmHg), P<0.01.2) Long pulse stimulation (10 cpm, 300 ms, 8 mA) tended to increase LES pressure from 29.6+/-4.4 mmHg of baseline to 31.8+/-4.9 mmHg with stimulation, to 32.6+/-4.5 mmHg after discontinuation (P=0.08); 3) Modified @entity356 parameters (40 Hz, 2 ms, 6 mA, 2 seconds on and 3 seconds off) did not induce a significant change in LES pressure during and after stimulation. 4) Effect of stimulation with @entity356 parameters on LES pressure was blocked by intravenous @entity3897 . CONCLUSION: GES with @entity356 parameters significantly increases LES pressure in conscious @entity235 . This effect is mediated by the cholinergic pathway. These results suggest that GES may be able to benefit @entity354 @entity1 and @entity28 @entity1 with @entity354 .

title: Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) with parameters for morbid XXXX elevates lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure in conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['IGS', 'implantable gastric stimulator']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electronic health records (EHRs) may be key tools for improving the quality of health care, particularly for conditions for which guidelines are rapidly evolving and timely care is critical, such as @entity385 . OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine whether hospitals with EHRs differed on quality or outcome measures for @entity385 from those without EHRs. METHODS: We studied 626,473 @entity1 from 1,236 U.S. hospitals in Get With the Guidelines- @entity64 (GWTG- @entity64 ) from 2007 through 2010, linked with the American Hospital Association annual survey to determine the presence of EHRs. We conducted @entity1 -level logistic regression analyses for each of the outcomes of interest. RESULTS: A total of 511 hospitals had EHRs by the end of the study period. Hospitals with EHRs were larger and were more often teaching hospitals and @entity64 centers. After controlling for @entity1 and hospital characteristics, @entity1 admitted to hospitals with EHRs had similar odds of receiving "all-or-none" care (odds ratio [OR]: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.06; p  = 0.12), of discharge home (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.04; p  = 0.15), and of in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.05; p  = 0.82). The odds of having a length of stay >4 days was slightly lower at hospitals with EHRs (OR:  0.97; 95% CI: 0.95 to 0.99; p  = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In our sample of GWTG- @entity64 hospitals, EHRs were not associated with higher-quality care or better clinical outcomes for @entity64 care. Although EHRs may be necessary for an increasingly high-tech, transparent healthcare system, as currently implemented, they do not appear to be sufficient to improve outcomes for this important disease.

title: Lack of impact of electronic health records on quality of care and outcomes for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between @entity1 quality of life (QoL) and survival in @entity788 @entity1 undergoing care in a community hospital comprehensive @entity5 center. @entity1 AND METHODS: A consecutive case series of 55 histologically confirmed @entity788 treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America   at Midwestern Regional Medical Center was studied between 04/01 and 11/04. The EORTC QLQ-C30 was utilized to assess @entity1 QoL. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. Log-rank test was used to study the equality of survival distributions. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were then performed to evaluate the joint prognostic significance of those QoL and clinical factors that were shown to be prognostic upon univariate analyses. RESULTS: Of the 55 @entity1 , 28 were newly diagnosed and 27 had prior treatment history. The median age was 55 years (range 33-74 years). Majority (34) had stage IV disease at diagnosis. The QLQ-C30 parameters to show statistically significant associations with survival were physical, role, and emotional functioning scales and fatigue, @entity1277 , @entity1142 , and @entity294 symptom scales. CONCLUSIONS: We found that @entity1 QoL, as measured by the QLQ-C30 physical functioning scale, provides useful prognostic information, independent of @entity5 , in @entity1 with @entity788 . While these findings require further investigation in large @entity1 cohorts, they may have important implications for @entity1 stratification in clinical trials, as well as aid in clinical decision making.

title: The European organization for research and treatment of XXXX quality of life questionnaire: implications for prognosis in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cancer symptoms', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is debatable whether pediatric @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) should be treated as adults. Several indexes to classify @entity2758 have been proposed in the literature, and most try to predict the outcome for each specific treatment. The indexes differ in the variables considered, but they are all based in adult populations. In this study, we analyzed the variables that influence the obliteration time and probability of occurrence in a Mexican pediatric population diagnosed with an @entity7026 and treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS: We analyzed 45 pediatric @entity1 (<18 years) with a minimum follow-up of 10 months and a maximum of 112 months. We used logistic regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves to evaluate the influence of age, @entity7026 volume, prescribed dose, minimum dose, maximum dose, time of follow-up, sex, previous @entity548 , venous drainage, treatment technique, previous treatment and location. We also evaluated the predictive power of the following indexes: Spetzler-Martin, RBAS, or K index dose deviation. RESULTS: We found that the radiation technique used may influence the obliteration occurrence (p=0.057). The data suggests that circular arcs are a more efficient treatment technique than dynamic arcs. However, no relationship of dose or volume with treatment technique could be found. Obliteration was also dependent on follow-up time and after three years of follow-up, the obliteration probability decreases (p=0.024). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the nidus obliteration time was related with the location according to the Spetzler-Martin index. If the nidus was located in a non-eloquent region, there was a tendency of a shorter obliteration time (p=0.071). CONCLUSION: None of the previously proposed indexes for adults predict obliteration in this pediatric population. Treatment technique, eloquence and follow up time were the only variables that showed influence in obliteration. Since the highest probability of obliteration occurs during the first three years, if the nidus has not been obliterated after this time then another treatment option could be considered.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for pediatric @entity1 with XXXX : variables that may affect obliteration time and probability.

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['intracranial arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3059 is a known melanocyte marker and is important in @entity320 diagnostics. Some @entity5 , however, show loss of @entity3059 expression and may therefore be difficult to distinguish from @entity5 of mesenchymal origin. Pure spindle-cell @entity320 is a rare event, and little is known about its biological background and prognosis. However, morphological changes towards a more mesenchymal shape and cellular dedifferentiation may correlate with reactivation of important developmental programmes (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and disseminative @entity5 cell properties. Inflammation and @entity11772 + macrophages have been shown to be important inducers of @entity5962 and cell-to-cell adhesion loss, a pivotal and final event of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In a cohort of 385 @entity1 with @entity320 , we located nine @entity5 with a clonal @entity3059 expression, defined as a @entity5 section with a distinct @entity3059 -negative clone next to a @entity3059 -positive clone. Interestingly, @entity3059 -negative clones correlated significantly with an augmented inflammatory response of @entity5 -infiltrating macrophages ( @entity11772 +), complete loss of @entity5962 and a spindle-shaped morphology, irrespective of ulcerated status. These cases show the inflammatory heterogeneity of @entity320 , which may have important diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications for the @entity1 . We show that @entity320 harbour cell clones that bear strong resemblance to @entity5 -associated macrophages, a pivotal player in a @entity5 -supporting microenvironment. Interestingly, this distinct inflammatory phenotype is associated with loss of @entity3059 expression, the presence of spindle-shape morphology and complete loss of @entity5962 , considered as possible markers of poorly differentiated and more invasive @entity5 cells.

title: XXXX -negative spindle-cell associated @entity320 , a distinct inflammatory phenotype correlated with dense infiltration of @entity11772 macrophages and loss of @entity5962 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity3059 :: (2315,Gene) :: ['MelanA']


abstract: Importance: @entity788 is the fourth leading cause of @entity5 in Western countries. In approximately 10% of all @entity1 with @entity788 , it is possible to define a positive family history for @entity788 or for one of the other related @entity74 . A screening program for individuals at risk is recommended; however, surveillance modalities have not been defined yet. Objective: To analyze the short-term results of a prospective clinical surveillance program for individuals at risk for @entity788 using a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based screening protocol. Design, Setting and @entity1 : A prospective observational study of all @entity1 with a genetic risk for developing @entity788 who were referred to Karolinska University Hospital between January 1, 2010, and January 31, 2013, using an MRI-based surveillance program. All @entity1 were investigated for the most common genetic mutations associated with @entity788 . Exposure: A noninvasive MRI-based screening protocol. Main Outcomes and Measures: The ability of MRI to identify potential @entity5 in individuals at risk for @entity788 . Results: Forty @entity1 (24 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ) were enrolled. The mean age was 49.9 years. The mean length of follow-up was 12.9 months. The numbers of relatives affected by @entity788 were 5 in 2 @entity1 (5%), 4 in 5 @entity1 (12.5%), 3 in 17 @entity1 (42.5%), 2 in 14 @entity1 (35%), and 1 in 2 @entity1 (5%). In 4 @entity1 (10%), a @entity986 mutation was found; in 3, a @entity2674 mutation (7.5%); and in 1, a @entity5345 mutation (2.5%). In 16 @entity1 (40%), MRI revealed a pancreatic lesion: intraductal @entity4929 (14 @entity1 , 35%) and @entity1124 (2 @entity1 , 5%). One @entity1 had a @entity4929 and @entity1124 . Five @entity1 (12.5%) required surgery (3 for @entity1124 and 2 for intraductal @entity4929 ), while the remaining 35 are under continued surveillance. Conclusions and Relevance: During a median follow-up of approximately 1 year, @entity660 were detected in 40% of the @entity1 , of whom 5 underwent surgery. Although the study time was relatively short, the surveillance program in individuals at risk seems to be effective.

title: Short-term Results of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Swedish Screening Program for Individuals at Risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia', 'papillary mucinous neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'precancerous or early cancers']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic syndromes']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate patterns of macular retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in @entity1 with @entity16 mimicking @entity726 . METHODS: We evaluated four @entity1 with @entity16 who showed characteristic patterns of RGC loss, as determined by @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) mapping. RESULTS: Case 1 was a 30-year-old @entity1 who had been treated with @entity726 medication. A left homonymous vertical pattern of RGC loss was observed in his @entity1358 map and a past brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a @entity548 around the right optic radiation. Case 2 was a 72-year-old @entity1 with a pituitary @entity652 who had a binasal vertical pattern of RGC loss that corresponded with @entity1805 . Case 3 was a 77-year-old @entity1 treated for suspected @entity726 . His @entity1358 map showed a right inferior quadratic pattern of loss, indicating a right superior homonymous quadranopsia in his @entity227 ( @entity227 ). His brain MRI revealed a left posterior cerebral artery territory @entity1188 . Case 4 was a 38-year-old @entity1 with an unreliable @entity227 who was referred for suspected @entity726 . Her @entity1358 map revealed a left homonymous vertical pattern of RGC loss, which may have been related to a previous @entity542 . CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the patterns of macular RGC loss may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of @entity989 , including @entity726 and @entity16 . When a @entity1 's @entity227 is unavailable, this method may be an effective tool for diagnosing and monitoring transneuronal retrograde degeneration-related structural changes.

title: Assessment of macular ganglion cell loss patterns in @entity16 that mimic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic lesions', 'neurological lesions']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['GCT', 'ganglion cell thickness']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['bitemporal hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['RGC-related diseases']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Effects of constant rearing temperature and the plant species fed upon by its hosts were investigated for several developmental parameters of @entity56395 (Hell  n), an important parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Temperature had highly significant effects on all developmental parameters measured, and effects were usually both linear and quadratic with increasing temperature. Host plant species, comprising @entity4335 ., Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis and @entity5598 . capitata, also affected development of the parasitoid, and significant interactions were observed between plant species and rearing temperature for all developmental parameters measured. Development of @entity56395 occurred successfully on all host plant species tested for the temperature range of 10 to 25  C. However, when its P. xylostella hosts consumed leaf tissue of @entity4335 , no specimens survived to pupate at 30  C, whilst pupation and adult eclosion occurred at 30  C on B. rapa ssp. pekinensis and @entity5598 . capitata. At high ambient temperatures, such as those characteristic of tropical or subtropical regions (especially at low elevations) or regions that undergo temperature increases due to climate change, P. xylostella is predicted to occur at a higher range of temperatures than its biocontrol agent, @entity56395 . Effects of high temperatures are expected to be more profound on the parasitoid for some host plants than others, with greater developmental limitations for the parasitoid on @entity4335 than on B. rapa or @entity5598 .

title: Developmental responses of the diamondback moth parasitoid XXXX (Hell  n) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) to temperature and host plant species.

entities_list: @entity56395 :: ('208481', 'Species') :: ['D. semiclausum', 'Diadegma semiclausum']

entities_list: @entity5598 :: ('3712', 'Species') :: ['B. oleracea var', 'B. oleracea', 'Brassica oleracea L. var']

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['Brassica napus L', 'B. napus']

answer: @entity56395 :: (208481,Species) :: ['Diadegma semiclausum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine family physicians' experiences in caring for @entity1 with serious @entity1032 and their expectations of a @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) model. DESIGN: Qualitative method of in-depth interviews. SETTING: London, Ont. @entity1 : Purposive sample of 11 full-time family physicians providing ongoing care for @entity1 with serious @entity1032 . METHOD: Eleven interviews were conducted to explore family physicians' experiences. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Analysis was done using a constant comparative approach and was carried out concurrently rather than sequentially. Researchers read all interview transcripts independently before comparing and combining their analyses. Final analysis involved examining all interviews together to discover relationships between and among emerging themes. MAIN FINDINGS: Findings reflected three main themes: what family physicians perceive they bring to care of seriously mentally ill @entity1 (i.e., whole- @entity1 approach to care); challenges family physicians face in participating in shared care of these @entity1 (i.e., communication and access issues); and family physicians' expectations of a @entity1032 model (i.e., guidance and feedback). CONCLUSION: As seriously mentally ill @entity1 are moved out of institutions, the need for an effective and efficient @entity1032 model becomes imperative. Our findings suggest that family physicians could be an important part of @entity1032 models but only if systemic barriers are removed and collaborative practice is encouraged.

title: Caring for seriously mentally ill XXXX . Qualitative study of family physicians' experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['shared mental health care', 'mental illness', 'SMHC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The burden of severe @entity548 in adults and @entity1 with @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) has not been established. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency and severity of @entity548 events in @entity1 with @entity3039 , and the methods used to measure @entity548 in @entity3039 studies. @entity1 /METHODS: We performed a systematic review of all prospective @entity3039 studies that enrolled 20 or more @entity1 . Two reviewers searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane registry until May 2014. Overall weighted proportions were estimated using a random effects model. Measurement properties of @entity548 assessment tools were evaluated. RESULTS: We identified 118 studies that reported @entity548 (n=10,908 @entity1 ). Weighted proportions for @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) were 1.4% for adults [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-2.1%] and 0.4% for @entity1 (95% CI, 0.2-0.7%; p<0.01) most of whom had chronic @entity3039 . Weighted proportion for severe (non- @entity1779 ) @entity548 was 9.6% for adults (95% CI, 4.1-17.1%) and 20.2% for @entity1 (95% CI, 10.0-32.9%; p<0.01) with newly-diagnosed or chronic @entity3039 . Methods of reporting and definitions of severe @entity548 were highly variable among primary studies. Two @entity548 assessment tools (Buchanan 2002 for @entity1 ; and Page 2007 for adults) demonstrated adequate inter-rater reliability and validity in independent assessments. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1779 was more common in adults and tended to occur during chronic @entity3039 ; other severe @entity548 were more common in @entity1 and occurred at all stages of disease. Reporting of @entity1779 was variable among studies. Further attention to @entity3039 -specific @entity548 measurement in clinical trials is needed to improve standardization of this @entity1 -important outcome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Severe Bleeding Events in Adults and @entity1 with Primary XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage', 'non-ICH bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['Immune Thrombocytopenia']


abstract: In 232 healthy prepubertal @entity1 , increased physical activity was associated with greater BMC at both axial and appendicular sites under high-protein intake. INTRODUCTION: Physical activity is an important lifestyle determinant of bone mineral mass acquisition. Its impact during childhood can be modulated by nutrition, particularly by protein and @entity460 intakes. We analyzed the relationship between physical activity levels and protein compared with @entity460 intake on BMC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 232 healthy prepubertal @entity1 (age: 7.4 +/- 0.4 [SD] yr; standing height: 125.7 +/- 5.9 cm; body weight: 25.3 +/- 4.6 kg), physical activity and protein and @entity460 intakes were recorded. BMC was measured by DXA at the radial metaphysis, radial diaphysis, total radius, femoral neck, total hip, femoral diaphysis, and L(2)-L(4) vertebrae. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the correlation coefficients r with BMC of the various skeletal sites were as follows: physical activity, from 0.26 (p = 0.0001) to 0.40 (p = 0.0001); protein intake, from 0.18 (p = 0.005) to 0.27 (p = 0.0001); @entity460 intake, from 0.09 (p = 0.181) to 0.17 (p = 0.007). By multiple regression analysis, the beta-adjusted values remained correlated with BMC, ranging as follows: physical activity, from 0.219 (p = 0.0007) to 0.340 (p < 0.0001); protein intake, from 0.120 (p = 0.146) to 0.217 (p = 0.009). In contrast, it was not correlated for @entity460 intake: from -0.069 (p = 0.410) to 0.001 (p = 0.986). With protein intake (mean = 2.0 g/kg body weight/d) above the median, increased physical activity from 168 to 321 kcal/d was associated with greater mean BMC Z-score (+0.6, p = 0.0005). In contrast with protein intake (mean = 1.5 g/kg body weight/d) below the median, increased physical activity from 167 to 312 kcal/d was not associated with a significantly greater mean BMC Z-score (+0.2, p = 0.371). The interaction between physical activity and protein intake was close to statistical significance for mean BMC Z-score (p = 0.055) and significant for femoral neck BMC (p = 0.012). In keeping with the results derived from multiple regression analysis, the increased physical activity on mean BMC Z-score was not influenced by difference in @entity460 intake above (mean = 945 mg/d) and below (mean = 555 mg/d) the median. CONCLUSION: In healthy prepubertal @entity1 , the impact in increased physical activity on BMC seems to be enhanced by protein intake within limits above the usual recommended allowance.

title: High-protein intake enhances the positive impact of physical activity on BMC in prepubertal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boys']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiation-induced @entity1909 is a very common side effect of radiation therapy, and may necessitate interruption of the therapy. There is a substantial lack of evidence-based treatments for this condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity10438 cream ( @entity2098 ) on @entity20787 in a prospective, double-blind, randomized study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 49 @entity1 with node-negative @entity0 . They were operated on with sector resection and scheduled for postoperative radiotherapy using photons with identical radiation qualities and dosage to the breast parenchyma. The @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity2098 or emollient cream. The cream was applied on the irradiated skin twice a week from the start of radiotherapy until the 12th fraction (24 Gy) and thereafter once daily until 3 weeks after completion of radiation. Both groups additionally received non-blinded emollient cream daily. The intensity of the @entity6937 was evaluated on a weekly basis regarding erythema and pigmentation, using a reflectance spectrophotometer together with visual scoring of the skin reactions. RESULTS: @entity2098 in combination with emollient cream treatment significantly decreased @entity6937 (P=0.0033) compared with emollient cream alone. There was no significant difference in pigmentation between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Adding @entity2098 , a potent topical corticosteroid, to an emollient cream is statistically significantly more effective than emollient cream alone in reducing @entity6937 .

title: Potent corticosteroid cream ( XXXX ) significantly reduces @entity6937 : results from a double-blind, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['radiation dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiation dermatitis']

answer: @entity10438 :: (MESH:C053915,Chemical) :: ['mometasone furoate']


abstract: Physiological conditions in @entity1 affect plasma @entity535 profiles that might have potential for medical use. Because the branched-chain @entity1522 (BCAAs) @entity368 , @entity6778 and @entity4857 are used as medicines and supplements, we investigated the acute effects of individual BCAAs (10-90  mg/kg body weight) or mixed BCAAs ingested as a bolus on plasma @entity535 profiles in young healthy @entity1 . Plasma @entity368 levels rapidly increased and peaked around 30  min after @entity368 ingestion. Concentrations of plasma @entity6778 , @entity4857 and @entity815 subsequently decreased after ingestion, and those of @entity1853 and @entity669 tended to decrease. The effects of ingested @entity368 on other plasma @entity1522 were biphasic, being higher at lower doses (10-20  mg/kg body weight). @entity6778 or @entity4857 intake also caused corresponding plasma @entity535 concentrations to rapidly elevate, and peaks at 30-40  min after ingestion were much higher than that of plasma @entity368 after @entity368 ingestion. However, the increase in plasma @entity6778 and @entity4857 concentrations essentially did not affect those of other plasma @entity1522 . The rate of decline among peak plasma @entity18200 concentrations was the highest for @entity368 , followed by @entity6778 and @entity4857 . Oral mixed BCAAs promoted the decline in plasma @entity6778 and @entity4857 concentrations. These results suggest that plasma @entity368 is a regulator of the plasma concentrations of BCAAs, @entity1853 and @entity9750 .

title: Bolus ingestion of individual branched-chain XXXX alters plasma @entity535 profiles in young healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoleucine', 'isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity9750 :: ('CHEBI:33856', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amino acids']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of an @entity6927 adrenoreceptor blocking agent for acute urinary symptoms in @entity1 treated with radiotherapy for @entity263 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1987 and 1995, 743 @entity1 with clinically @entity263 were treated with 3D-CRT. A total of 275 (37%) @entity1 developed Grade 2 acute urinary symptoms as defined by the RTOG morbidity scoring system. @entity7477 ( @entity839 ), a selective @entity6927 adrenoceptor blocking agent, was given to 119 (43%) @entity1 for treatment of their urinary symptoms, whereas nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAID) were administered to 71 @entity1 (26%). Thirty-one @entity1 (11%) were treated with other medications, and 54 (20%) did not seek pharmacologic intervention for their urinary symptoms. @entity1 were monitored weekly to assess changes in urinary urgency, frequency, and @entity2183 . RESULTS: Treatment with @entity839 resulted in a significant resolution of urinary symptoms in 79 of 119 @entity1 (66%), while 26 (22%) had moderate improvement, and 14 (12%) had minimal to no response to this drug. In contrast, only 11 of 71 (16%) of the @entity1 treated with NSAIDs experienced significant symptom relief, 20 (28%) had moderate improvement, and 40 (56%) had minimal to no response. The difference in the significant symptomatic improvement between @entity839 and NSAID therapy (66% vs. 16%) was highly significant (p < 0.001). For @entity1 treated with @entity839 , a higher likelihood of significant symptom relief was observed in @entity1 who did not receive neoadjuvant @entity342 ablation (p = 0.04) and in those who were younger than 65 years of age (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: @entity6927 selective adrenoceptor blocking agents are effective in ameliorating the acute urinary symptoms in @entity1 receiving radiotherapy for @entity263 . Although this was not a randomized prospective study, the data suggest that NSAIDs were less effective in relieving radiation-induced urinary symptoms.

title: Efficacy of selective XXXX blocker therapy in the treatment of acute urinary symptoms during radiotherapy for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['Terazosin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity6927 :: (146,Gene) :: ['alpha-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the use of intravenous @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) for the treatment of refractory @entity565 is becoming more common, the incidence of @entity2400 -related systemic @entity551 is also rising. One option is to deliver @entity2400 via aerosol, but compared to most inhaled medications, which are active in the microgram dose range, the @entity2400 dose requirement is in the milligram range. This, along with inefficient aerosol delivery systems, may be the reason that some studies have found lack of efficacy with aerosol @entity2400 . In preparation for a multicenter study of inhaled @entity2400 in asthmatic @entity1 2-17 years old, we conducted an in vitro study to choose the best @entity2400 nebulizer system that would be effective over the entire age range. METHODS: We tested the Pari LC Star jet nebulizer, Omron MicroAir vibrating-mesh nebulizer, and the Aeroneb Go vibrating-mesh nebulizer with the Idehaler valve-less holding chamber. Aerosol delivery was via face mask. RESULTS: The Pari LC Star had an appropriate particle size distribution but a very slow aerosol output rate. The Omron MicroAir had an even slower output rate and a larger particle size distribution, which would be inappropriate for smaller @entity1 . In vitro lung deposition with the Aeroneb Go with Idehaler was 16.0    0.4 mg/min in older @entity1 and approximately a fifth of that in toddlers. CONCLUSIONS: The Aeroneb Go with Idehaler was chosen for the multicenter clinical study.

title: Testing of nebulizers for delivering @entity2399 to pediatric @entity565 XXXX in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 multiforme, @entity11 ) represents both the most common and most malignant variant among numerous of primary @entity1313 . @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) has been used for the treatment of @entity463 . However, less than 1/3 of @entity463 respond to @entity2904 -based therapies. Therefore, strategies to enhance the effect of @entity2904 are needed for more effective targeted therapeutics. Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) @entity4675 and @entity1435 MAPK have been known to have apoptotic or anti-apoptotic effects depending on cell type and condition. On the other hand, @entity584 is a key regulator of cellular survival and has direct effects on the apoptosis machinery. In addition, it was discovered that @entity584 activation is primed by the activity of @entity4675 . We, therefore, examined whether inhibition of @entity4675 or @entity1435 potentiates @entity2904 -induced apoptosis in U87MG cells via inhibition of @entity584 activation. @entity2904 significantly induced @entity584 activation as well as @entity4675 or @entity1435 activation. Inhibition of @entity4675 suppressed @entity584 activation and potentiated @entity2904 -induced @entity137 . The phosphorylation of @entity9459 and @entity1835 , the downstream mediators of @entity584 , was also suppressed by the inhibition of @entity4675 . The present data strongly suggest that there may be a crosstalk between @entity4675 pathway and @entity584 pathway in @entity463 and that further investigation based on the present data may provide a valuable approach for enhancing @entity2904 -induced @entity137 in @entity463 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX potentiates @entity2903 -induced @entity137 in U87MG @entity463 cells via suppression of @entity584 phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'formally glioblastoma', 'glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity4675 :: (5599,Gene) :: ['JNK']