abstract: 1. The role that dietary lipid and plasma @entity844 concentration play in the development of @entity1283 in response to @entity101 is not clear. 2. In the present study, we treated Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 with either normal chow (NC), normal chow with salt added (NC + salt) or a diet high in long-chain saturated @entity1718 with added salt (HFD + salt). Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and left ventricular (LV) catheterization. 3. The HFD + salt group had significantly higher plasma free @entity844 concentrations and myocardial @entity412 content compared with the NC + salt group, but did not upregulate the activity of the @entity844 oxidation enzyme medium chain @entity8595 dehydrogenase. Systolic blood pressure was elevated to a similar extent in the NC + salt and HFD + salt groups compared with the NC group. Although LV mass was increased in the NC + salt group compared with the NC group, LV mass in the HFD + salt group did not differ from that of the NC group and was significantly lower than that in the NC + salt group. 4. There was no evidence of @entity299 in the NC + salt group compared with the NC group; however, high fat feeding significantly increased LV contractile performance (e.g. increased cardiac output and peak dP/dt). 5. In conclusion, the HFD + salt diet prevented the @entity1184 response to @entity101 and improved the contractile performance of the heart. It remains to be determined whether preventing cardiac @entity1184 adaptations would be deleterious to the heart if the @entity101 stress is maintained long term.

title: High-fat diet prevents @entity1283 and improves contractile function in the XXXX dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity8595 :: ('MESH:D000214', 'Chemical') :: ['acyl-coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study were to review the experience with @entity420 of the ampulla of Vater at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and to determine what factors influenced the long-term outcome in these @entity1 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: @entity420 of the ampulla of Vater is the second most common periampullary malignancy. However, most series have relatively small numbers. As a result, analysis of factors influencing outcome has been limited. METHODS: From 1969 to 1996, 120 @entity1 with @entity420 of the ampulla of Vater were managed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Clinical, operative, and pathologic factors were correlated with morbidity and long-term survival. Factors influencing outcome were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Resection was performed in 106 @entity1 (88%), and 105 of these @entity1 (99%) underwent either pancreatoduodenal resection (n = 103) or total pancreatectomy (n = 2). Resection rate increased from 62% in the 1970s to 82% in the 1980s to 96% in the 1990s (p < 0.05). Overall mortality after resection was 3.8% with no mortality in the 45 consecutive @entity1 resected in the past 5 years. Morbidity also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 70% before to 38% after December 1992. Five-year survival for resected @entity1 was 38%. Factors favorably influencing long-term outcome were resection (p < 0.001), no perioperative blood transfusions (p < 0.05), negative lymph node status (p = 0.05), and moderate or well-differentiated @entity5 (p < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, the best predictor of prolonged survival was absence of intraoperative transfusion (p = 0.06, relative risk = 1.90, 95% confidence limits = 0.95-3.78). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to @entity788 , @entity189 of the ampulla of Vater has a higher resectability rate and a better prognosis. Early diagnosis is important because lymph node status influences survival. Careful operative dissection and avoidance of transfusions also improves long-term survival.

title: XXXX of the ampulla of Vater. A 28-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcome of single-session @entity1068 sclerotherapy for non-neoplastic @entity8 . METHODS: In a prospective study, 32 @entity1 with a @entity8 were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous aspiration, and no more than 100 mL sterile 99% @entity1068 was injected into the @entity45 . The procedure was performed under local anesthesia, and the @entity1 were hospitalized overnight. The serum concentrations of @entity167 immediately after the sclerotherapy and 1 hour later and the corresponding urine concentrations were measured. The mean follow-up period was 55 months (range 12 to 156). Control checkups were scheduled at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the sclerotherapy. During the control visits, the @entity1 underwent ultrasound measurement of the size of the @entity45 . The history concerning @entity158 especially was evaluated by the urologist. The @entity1 were asked if they did or did not have @entity158 . The severity of @entity158 was not evaluated. RESULTS: Sclerotherapy with @entity1068 was performed successfully in all 32 @entity1 with a @entity8 . The @entity45 disappeared completely in 7 @entity1 (22%). The mean size of all cysts decreased from 7.8 cm (range 3 to 16) to 1.7 cm (range 0 to 9; P <0.0001). Before the sclerotherapy, 24 @entity1 had symptoms due to the @entity45 , and 18 of these (75%) were asymptomatic after the @entity1068 sclerotherapy. In 2 @entity1 the @entity158 decreased, 2 @entity1 were without change, and in 2 @entity1 the @entity158 increased. There was no correlation between the size of the @entity45 and the intensity of @entity158 . No major complications occurred. The serum concentration of @entity167 varied from 0 to 0.30 g/L and that in urine from 0.04 to 0.27 g/L. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous aspiration and sclerotherapy with @entity1068 for simple @entity8 is simple, fast, safe, effective, and inexpensive. The results are comparable to those reported earlier. The treatment is without major complications. We propose sclerotherapy with 99% @entity1068 as the primary treatment of @entity8 . The treatment can be done in an outpatient clinic.

title: Treatment of XXXX with single-session percutaneous drainage and @entity1068 sclerotherapy: long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['simple renal cyst', 'renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['renal pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) has shown significant activity in the treatment of @entity1861 -negative @entity6961 ( @entity6961 ), particularly essential @entity1148 (ET) and @entity6582 vera (PV). @entity970 - @entity3027 -2b is a pegylated @entity3027 -2b with a significant advantage over nonpegylated form in that it is administered once a week. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity1861 -negative @entity6961 were treated with @entity970 - @entity3027 -2b, given subcutaneously weekly, at the starting dose of 3 microg/kg/wk for the first 14 @entity1 and then 2 microg/kg/wk for the next 24 @entity1 , with intent to treat @entity1 as long as they benefited from the therapy. RESULTS: Median age was 54 years. @entity1 diagnoses were: 13 (34%) ET; 11 (29%) @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ); 5 (13%) @entity1861 -negative @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ); 4 (10.5%) @entity5441 ( @entity5441 ); 4 (10.5%) PV; and 1 (3%) unclassified @entity66 (uMPD). Recorded grade 3-4 @entity137 were related to fatigue, @entity4512 . Ten (26%) @entity1 stopped treatment because of @entity137 . Thirteen (34%) @entity1 achieved a complete remission, and 4 (11%) achieved a partial response. Only 1 @entity1 with @entity4018 responded. Median time to response was 5 months. Median duration of response was 20 months. Three @entity1 had a sustained response for >24 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity970 - @entity3027 -2b, with proper dose modifications, is effective in controlling disease in a significant proportion of @entity1861 -negative MPD @entity1 , particularly ET and PV. However, @entity137 encountered with @entity970 - @entity3027 -2b therapy are similar to those obtained with conventional @entity3027 , thus limiting the duration of therapy.

title: @entity970 - @entity3027 -2b therapy in @entity1861 -negative XXXX : final result of a phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['myelosuppression, and musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilic syndrome', 'HES']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['primary myelofibrosis', 'PMF']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders', 'MPDs']

answer: @entity6961 :: (MESH:D009196,Disease) :: ['myeloproliferative disorders']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To review the "protective" effects of having a higher number of siblings for the risk of @entity483 , @entity565 wheezing, @entity2023 . METHOD: Review of the literature (Medline since 1965 and references). MAIN RESULTS: 53 different studies were identified. For @entity484 , 9 of 11 studies reported an inverse relation with number of siblings; for @entity565 and wheezing, 21 of 31 reported the inverse association; for @entity2023 , all 17 studies showed the effect; for @entity56 or immunoglobulin E reactivity 14 of 16 studies supported the "protective" effect of a higher number of siblings. The studies emphasise a "theory" that is based exclusively on epidemiological associations. CONCLUSIONS: Research has not yet answered the question of which causal factors explain the sibling effect. Causal factors must meet two criteria; they must vary with sibship size and they must protect against @entity1097 . The prevailing " @entity10281 " failed to explain the findings adequately. Alternative explanations include in utero programming or endocrine explanatory models. The epidemiology research into siblings and @entity74 has entered an intellectually challenging phase. Possessing sufficient knowledge about the causal factors might prevent at least 30% of all cases of @entity565 , @entity484 , and @entity2023 .

title: Does a higher number of siblings protect against the development of allergy and XXXX ? A review.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['hay fever', 'hay fever, and allergic sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic manifestations']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disorders']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['hygiene hypothesis']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: An increased free-radical production has been documented during hemodialysis (HD) particularly when bio-incompatible membranes are utilized. These highly reactive free radicals can cause damage through several pathways, one of the best known being lipid peroxidation. @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) is a product of lipid peroxidation, which can partly be removed by HD due to its low molecular weight and water solubility. @entity8415 are predominantly found in lipid substances, and therefore their removal by HD could be difficult. We evaluated the behavior of these two by-products of lipid peroxidation during HD, comparing their behavior in three different membranes, in order to study their reliability as markers of acute oxidative injury. Fifteen stable HD @entity1 were dialyzed with each of the following membranes: @entity8608 , @entity8607 , and @entity2264 , three sessions for every membrane. @entity1865 and @entity8415 were measured pre-HD and then both from the arterial and venous line at 8, 15, 30, and 240 min. During HD with @entity8608 membrane @entity1865 decreased significantly in the venous line compared with the arterial line at 8, 15, and 30 min (P < 0.05). At the end of HD, @entity1865 was significantly reduced compared with @entity1865 pre-HD (P < 0.05). Plasma @entity8415 increased significantly in the venous line compared with the arterial line at 8, 15, 30, and 240 min (P < 0.05). At the end of HD, @entity8415 had increased significantly as compared with pre-HD (P < 0.05). When the @entity8607 and @entity2264 membranes were used, the behavior of @entity1865 was similar to that found with @entity8608 . @entity8415 were unchanged during HD using both membranes. @entity1865 is not a reliable marker of acute oxidative injury during HD as it is removed during HD. @entity273 measurement is a better marker of acute oxidative injury during HD.

title: Comparison between @entity8415 and XXXX as markers of acute oxidative injury during hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroperoxides', 'hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity8607 :: ('CHEBI:61445', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamide']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulfone']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity8608 :: ('MESH:C009865', 'Chemical') :: ['cuprophan']

answer: @entity1234 :: (MESH:D008315,Chemical) :: ['malondialdehyde']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to quantify the climatic, animal, and management factors influencing incidence of @entity1267 ( @entity1267 ) in @entity291 exposed to grazing systems. Data were extracted on 4,469 calvings of multiparous @entity291 in a seasonal calving research herd between 1970 and 2000. Climatic data during the calving period also were extracted for these years. Poisson regression was used to investigate the effect of climate on frequency of @entity1267 within year; the offset variable was the number of @entity291 at risk for @entity1267 at that time. Generalized estimating equations, with @entity291 included as a repeated effect, were used to quantify the effect of parturition-associated @entity291 and management factors on the logit of the probability of @entity1267 . Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Explanatory variables investigated included time of calving relative to the herd-year calving period, parity, body weight, breed of @entity291 , body condition score at calving, weight and gender of the @entity291 , incidence of twin @entity291 , calving inductions, and calving assistance. Odds of recurring @entity1267 within @entity291 , as well as the timing of @entity1267 relative to day of calving, was quantified using generalized estimating equations with @entity291 included as a repeated effect. Results show significant effects of evaporation, minimum grass temperature, difference between ambient maximum and minimum temperature, and rainfall on the odds of @entity1267 occurring, with a greater incidence at greater evaporation, larger diurnal variation in air temperature, greater rainfall, and lesser grass minimum temperature. @entity291 factors, such as age, excessive or poor body condition score, and requirement for calving assistance increased the odds of @entity1267 ; a lesser odds ratio was observed in @entity291 hormonally induced to @entity44973 and those that had twin births. Results indicate that herd managers may identify the day of greatest risk for @entity1267 and @entity291 that are at greatest risk of @entity1267 based on climatic, @entity291 , and management factors.

title: Periparturient climatic, animal, and management factors influencing the incidence of XXXX in grazing systems.

answer: @entity1267 :: (MESH:D010319,Disease) :: ['milk Fever']


abstract: Mutational analysis of @entity5 susceptibility genes has opened up a new era in clinical genetics. In this report we present the results of mutational analysis of the @entity2674 coding sequences in 105 high-risk individuals affected with @entity43 and previously found to be negative for mutations of the @entity5345 coding sequence in our laboratory. These individuals have a positive family history with three or more cases of @entity43 at any age from the same side of the family tree. In order to perform a high throughput and reliable mutational analysis of the BRCA genes, we have adapted the conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis mutation-scanning assay to a fluorescent platform. The advantages are speed, reproducibility and enhanced resolving power of the scanning method. Four unique mutations, including one missense and three frameshift mutations, were identified in the pool of 60 non-Jewish @entity1 (7%). Two cases of the @entity30073 mutation were identified in the 45 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals studied (5%). In addition, two novel frameshift mutations, not characteristic of the Jewish subgroup, were identified. Thus there were four mutations in total in this ethnic subgroup (9%). The six mutations identified in this combined @entity1 pool, excluding the @entity30073 mutations, are novel and have not been previously reported in the @entity0 Information Core (BIC) database. The results indicate that @entity2674 mutations account for the disease in less than 10% of this @entity1 population. In addition, there is no significant difference in frequency of @entity2674 mutations between the Ashkenazi Jewish and non-Jewish families in our clinical @entity1 pool.

title: High throughput fluorescence-based conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis (F-CSGE) identifies six unique @entity2674 mutations and an overall low incidence of @entity2674 mutations in high-risk @entity5345 -negative XXXX families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Due to successful surgical treatment of @entity4297 in @entity1 and @entity1 , the number of @entity1 who reach the adolescent/adult age is continuously increasing. AIMS: The authors sought to identify the short- and medium-term outcomes of reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract in adolescents and adults who underwent surgical intervention for @entity4297 in @entity950 or early childhood. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2012, 48 @entity1 (age: 15-39, mean 21 years) (30 tetralogy of Fallot, 11 @entity1146 + @entity1757 , 6 transposition of great arteries + @entity1757 + @entity3585 ) had repeat operation because of @entity67 . All @entity1 previously underwent right ventricular outflow tract procedures in early childhood. RESULTS: In 31 @entity1 , the small homograft, and in 9 @entity1 the transannular-paths were replaced for "adult-size" homograft. @entity338 was performed in pulmonary (6 @entity1 ) and homograft annuli (2 @entity1 ). In 14 @entity1 , resection of the right ventricular outflow tract aneurism was also necessary to be performed. There was no early and mid-time (10 years) mortality. In 97.5% of @entity1 with homograft-re-implantation, there was no need for repeat intervention for 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The right ventricular outflow tract restoration in adolescents and adults is an effective procedure. The reconstruction should be performed in early adolescent period to prevent @entity67 . The authors prefer using bioprosthetic pulmonary valve replacement in @entity1 with adult-size pulmonary or homograft annulus.

title: [Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in adolescents and adults after previous repair of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and 1 truncus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Bioprosthetic pulmonary valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects', 'congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to estimate the potential of savings which can be achieved by prophylaxis of @entity296 with low-dose @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) at 75 mg per day over a treatment period of two years. After secondary analysis of published data, the effectiveness of low-dose @entity1281 is compared to placebo by a model calculation. The difference in the effectiveness between the prophylaxis with @entity1281 and placebo is taken from an international meta-analysis. The economic valuation of this difference is carried out by a cost-effectiveness analysis applying disease costs per case. According to the model calculation, 5535 @entity3918 can be saved per @entity1 with a history of @entity583 with 75 mg @entity1281 a day over a treatment period of two years. In 1991 there were around 740,000 @entity1 with a history of @entity583 in the age group of 25-64 in the Old Bundesl  nder of the Federal Republic of Germany. The application of the results of the model calculation would lead to considerable savings. Even in the sensitivity analysis with different assumptions regarding costs incurred by hospital treatment and costs incurred by premature retirement, the cost advantage of the @entity1281 -prophylaxis remains. Due to the cautious and conservative assumptions in the model calculation the potential of savings is likely underestimated. Nevertheless, there is a distinct advantage for the prophylaxis with low-dose @entity1281 which already occurs in direct costs thus leading to advantages also for cost carriers.

title: [Cost-effectiveness analysis of prevention of reinfarction using low-dose XXXX ; model calculation].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial reinfarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1165 originating in the right ventricle may arise in the presence or absence of structural @entity299 . The two main causes of right @entity1165 are @entity4128 ( @entity4128 ) and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) originating from the outflow tract. This study was carried out to determine whether body-surface QRST integral mapping can differentiate @entity1 with @entity4128 from @entity1 with @entity1165 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Body-surface QRST integral maps were obtained during sinus rhythm in 8 @entity1 with @entity4128 , 8 @entity1 with @entity1165 , and 27 healthy control subjects. QRST integral maps were analyzed both visually and mathematically. All control subjects had a normal dipolar QRST integral map. In all @entity1 with @entity4128 , a specific dipolar QRST integral map with an abnormally large negative area covering the entire inferior and right anterior thorax was recorded. In 6 of 8 @entity1 with @entity1165 , a normal map pattern was found, whereas the remaining 2 @entity1 showed an abnormally large negative area on the right anterior thorax. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity4128 display a specific abnormal QRST integral map that may be related to delayed repolarization in the structurally abnormal right ventricle. The majority of @entity1 with @entity1165 demonstrate a normal QRST integral map. A slightly abnormal QRST integral map was noted in 2 of 8 @entity1 with @entity1165 , which may be related to @entity2526 , undetectable by the present routine diagnostic techniques. These preliminary results indicate that body-surface QRST integral mapping may become an important diagnostic tool to differentiate @entity1 with @entity4128 from those with @entity1165 .

title: Body-surface QRST integral mapping. XXXX versus @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia', 'ARVD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'IRVT', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'idiopathic right ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['minor structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity4128 :: (MESH:D019571,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmogenic righ ventricular dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are several Spanish versions and adaptations of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the most used abbreviated test for screening of the @entity73 in clinical and epidemiological setting. Among them, the Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo ( @entity17469 ) is highlighted. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic usefulness between the Spanish translation of the MMSE (the MMSE1 which incorporates the proof of serial "sevens" and the MMSE2 which includes spelling "world" backward) and the @entity17469 for the diagnosis of @entity303 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A sample of elderly @entity1 (65 years or over), included in a population-based study of @entity303 prevalence. The diagnosis of @entity303 was assessed through exhaustive neuropsychological evaluation. The diagnosis of @entity303 (according to the standardized DSM-III-R criteria) was carried out by expert neurologists, who were independent and blind to the scores obtained in the MMSE and @entity17469 . RESULTS: 79 subjects underwent both tools and neuropsychological assessment. The MMSE1 obtained the highest accuracy (92%), followed by the @entity17469 (90%) and the MMSE2 (83%). The analysis of the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves did not show significant statistical differences between the @entity17469 (p = 0.38), but significant differences were observed between those and the MMSE2 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic usefulness of Spanish translation of the MMSE is similar to the @entity17469 . The proof of spelling "world" backward obtained poorer results than serial "sevens". The Spanish versions of the MMSE should be improved to be adapted to our cultural characteristics.

title: [A comparison between 2 abbreviated Spanish versions of mental status assessment in the diagnosis of XXXX . Study data on elderly community residents].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'persons']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Intermediate filament proteins are cytoskeletal components in most vertebrate eukaryotic cells and some of these proteins are recognized markers of cell differentiation. To investigate the expression of intermediate filament proteins of the S-phase cells in @entity1 @entity5 , we have examined fourteen @entity1 with benign and @entity11 by immunohistochemical study using in vivo labeling with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ). Five @entity463 multiforme, five @entity816 , three @entity816 and one gemistocytic astrocytoma were studied. All @entity1 were given intravenous infusion of @entity1603 (10 mg/kg) one hour before craniotomy for labeling the S-phase cells of the @entity5 . Surgical specimens were immersed in 70% @entity1068 , and embedded in paraffin. Four micron sections were immunostained with anti- @entity1603 monoclonal antibody (Mab) and anti-vimentin Mab by avidin- @entity1885 complex (ABC) method, and @entity538 ( @entity538 ) serum by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. All sections (except for case 4) were double-labeled with anti- @entity1603 Mab and anti- @entity538 serum, or with anti- @entity1603 Mab and anti-vimentin Mab. The population of @entity1603 -labeled cells (i.e. S-phase cells), and double-labeled cells were analyzed. The proportions of @entity1603 -labeled cells ranged from 6.1% to 17.0% (average 11.1%) in @entity463 multiforme, from 3.5% to 15.6% (average 8.8%) in @entity816 , and from 2.0% to 2.8% (average 2.5%) in @entity816 . One gemistocytic astrocytoma showed S-phase fraction of 1.7%. Two recurrent cases of @entity816 showed higher S-phase fractions than other non-recurrent cases of @entity816 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunohistochemical study of S-phase cells in XXXX @entity11 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillary astrocytomas', 'anaplastic astrocytoma', 'fibrillary astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Many cases of @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) are the result of placental and fetal tissue insufficiency. @entity442 ( @entity442 ) is known to play a role in placental and fetal growth. An immunocytochemical study was performed to localize @entity442 peptides in @entity1 placenta and umbilical cords of normal (n = 3) and @entity1592 (n = 3) fetuses. The peripartum fetal conditions were evaluated as well. Immunoreactive @entity442 was detected in the cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, amnion, endothelial cells of fetal capillaries and in the decidua in both normal and @entity1592 placental tissue. A more robust immunostaining and increased numbers of positively stained cells were found in the decidua of @entity1592 placenta (p < 0.001). Intense immunostaining was also found in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts of the umbilical vein. @entity442 immunoreactivity was also present in stroma (Hofbauer cells and/or fibroblasts) of @entity1592 villi. Our results indicate that expression of @entity442 is high in specific sites in placenta and umbilical cords, which indicates a paracrine and/or endocrine function. The increased expression of @entity442 in placenta of @entity1592 fetuses indicates its involvement in restoring normal growth by means of a positive feed-back mechanism.

title: Expression of insulin-like growth factor in the placenta of intrauterine growth-retarded XXXX fetuses.

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate an intervention to improve the quality of care of @entity1 with @entity712 in managed Medicare and Medicaid plans in North Carolina. BACKGROUND: Utilization of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( @entity1289 -I) and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (BB) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 remains suboptimal despite evidence-based guidelines supporting their use. METHODS: Managed care plans identified adult @entity1 with @entity712 during 2000 (preintervention) and from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2002 (postintervention). Outpatient medical records were reviewed to obtain data regarding type of @entity712 , demographics, comorbidities, and therapies. The intervention consisted of guideline summary dissemination, performance audit with feedback, @entity1 -specific chart reminders, and @entity1 activation mailings. RESULTS: We sampled 1613 @entity1 from 5 plans during the preintervention period and 1528 @entity1 during the postintervention period. Assessment of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) increased from 88.2% to 92.5% of @entity1 (P < .0001). Among @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1002 , there was no substantive change in treatment with @entity1289 -I or vasodilators, whereas, appropriate treatment with BB increased from 48.3% (with another 11.9% with documented contraindications) to 67.9% (with another 7.5% with documented contraindications). The quality gap decreased from 39.8% to 24.6% (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: @entity1002 assessment improved despite high preintervention rates. Treatment rates with @entity1289 -I and vasodilators remained high, but did not improve. Treatment rates with BB improved substantially translating into a significant public health benefit. Health-care payers should consider development of financial incentives to encourage collaborative quality improvement programs.

title: Enhancing quality of @entity712 care in managed Medicare and Medicaid in North Carolina: results of the North Carolina Achieving Cardiac Excellence (NC XXXX ) Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular function', 'left ventricular systolic dysfunction', 'LVF']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the particularities of extracapsular @entity231 extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in @entity1 with Fuchs' @entity5502 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 24 extracapsular @entity231 operations performed from September 1991 to June 1994. Our technique-a slight modification of Blumenthal's technique-included a triplanar watertight small scleral incision, an envelope capsulotomy, nucleus hydrodissection and hydroexpression, anterior chamber maintainer use, thorough residual cortex removal through a side-port corneal incision and "in the bag" posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. RESULTS: Mydriasis was slightly larger than 5 mm in 79.16% of the total group. @entity397 with @entity393 occurred in one and without in two @entity1 . A transient rise in intraocular pressure was seen in seven @entity1 and a mild anterior chamber reaction in almost all @entity1 . No @entity548 occurred during anterior chamber opening, or postoperative I.O.L. decentration or @entity726 . Best corrected postoperative visual acuity ranged from 5-10/10 in 21 @entity1 (87.50%). CONCLUSIONS: Extracapsular @entity231 extraction in @entity1 with Fuchs' @entity5502 does not currently present any difficulties compared with normal senile @entity231 . No major complications occurred and the final visual acuity was satisfactory.

title: @entity231 surgery in Fuchs' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['heterochromic iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Posterior capsule rupture']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous loss']

answer: @entity5502 :: (MESH:D015863,Disease) :: ['heterochromic iridocyclitis']


abstract: @entity2176 (V)-a polypeptide antibiotic-is the drug of choice in severe @entity281 with multiresistant staphylococcus spp. Due to the multimorbidity of the @entity1 receiving V, the interactions with known @entity2167 agents and the lack of an audiometric documentation, earlier clinical reports of V-associated @entity393 must be carefully interpreted. To elucidate this topic, a controlled animal study considering nonspecific effects was performed. 40 albino @entity840 with positive Preyer's reflex and normal hearing were used. The hearing function was controlled by means of brainstem auditory evoked potentials before and after intraperitoneal administration of V (75, 150, 300 mg/kg b.w. for 11-17 days), @entity801 (60 mg/kg b.w. for 26 days), @entity5154 (100 mg/kg b.w. for 17 days) and @entity2827 solution. The cochleas were dissected for hair cell counting by the surface preparation technique. Additionally, the serum concentrations of V were measured. As a result there was no significant difference in @entity393 between the controls and the animals treated with 75 and 150 mg V; toxic doses of 300 mg V led to a certain threshold elevation after click stimuli, but not after trapezoid stimuli of 1, 4 and 8 kHz. On the other hand, the @entity581 as a positive control caused an obvious @entity393 after click and trapezoid stimuli, which was correlated to the amount of outer hair cell loss. @entity8 could be excluded by histological examination of the kidneys and estimation of @entity1011 in serum. Therefore, treatment with moderate doses of V comparable to clinical conditions does not exhibit a specific @entity2167 as compared to the @entity581 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX of @entity2176 : an experimental study in @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal damage']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxic', 'ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['Ototoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To verify the values and the time course of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the cortex located beneath an evacuated @entity6477 ( @entity3439 ) and their relationship with neurological outcome. METHODS: rCBF levels were measured in multiple regions of interest, by means of a Xe-computed tomographic technique, in the cortex underlying an evacuated @entity3439 and contralaterally in 20 @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity131 and an evacuated acute @entity3439 . Twenty-three @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity131 and an evacuated extradural @entity1410 or diffuse injury served as the control group. Outcome was evaluated by means of the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 12 months. RESULTS: Values for the maximum (rCBFmax) and the mean of all rCBF levels in the cortex beneath the evacuated @entity3439 were more frequently consistent with @entity450 . The side-to-side differences in the mean of all rCBF and rCBFmax levels between lesioned and nonlesioned hemispheres were greater in @entity1 with evacuated @entity3439 than in controls (P = 0.0013 and P = 0.0018, respectively). The side-to-side difference in the maximum rCBF value was higher in @entity3439 @entity1 with unfavorable outcomes than in controls at 24 to 96 hours and at 4 to 7 days and higher than in @entity1 with favorable outcomes at 4 to 7 days. The widest side-to-side difference in rCBFmax value was more elevated in @entity1 with an evacuated @entity3439 with unfavorable outcome than in @entity1 with a favorable outcome (P = 0.047), whereas no differences were found in controls. The @entity3439 thickness and the associated midline shift were greater in @entity1 with unfavorable outcomes than in those with favorable outcomes. CONCLUSION: On average, hyperemic long-lasting rCBF values frequently occur in the cortex located beneath an evacuated @entity3439 and seem to be associated with unfavorable outcome.

title: XXXX beneath evacuated @entity6477 is frequent and prolonged in @entity1 with an unfavorable outcome: a xe-computed tomographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural hematoma']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['Hyperemia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the relevance of sputum production to pulmonary function, in particular, persistent @entity3885 in @entity1 with a primary clinical diagnosis of @entity565 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of all @entity1 currently followed up in secondary care in a defined locality. SETTING: National Health Service and private clinics in north-east England. @entity1 : All attenders, aged 18 years or older, with @entity565 , confirmed by reversibility of peak expiratory flow (PEF) by > or =15% and to > or =200 L/min. INTERVENTIONS: Pro forma history. Pulmonary function at attendance. Assessment of best function according to protocol. Measurement of actual FEV1, FVC, and PEF at attendance. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: We studied 772 subjects; 387 (50%) were male; mean age was 55 years; @entity1097 , 51%; current smokers, 11.5%; ex-smokers, 36%; and never smokers, 52.5%. @entity358 was lower in chronic sputum producers (PEF, 83.2 vs 95.8; FVC, 67.9 vs 81.7% predicted). Chronic sputum production and its negative relationship with best function was strongly associated with smoking. There was little relationship between chronic sputum and persistent @entity3885 in nonsmokers. There were no univariate associations between sputum during attacks, or its color, and pulmonary function, but after allowing for demographic factors, including smoking, green sputum was associated with persistent @entity3885 . There was little relationship between sputum and actual/best function at attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic sputum production is associated with persistent @entity3885 principally in those who have smoked, suggesting that the association reflects smoking rather than @entity565 . There is no interaction with atopy. After allowance for cigarette smoking, there is an association between green sputum production during exacerbations and persistent @entity3885 . Green sputum during relapse in @entity565 may indicate @entity32 that is relevant to prognosis.

title: Sputum and pulmonary function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Best pulmonary function']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The objectives of this experiment were to determine serum concentrations of @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 (T4), and free @entity1955 (fT4) at rest, following thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) administration, and following @entity11464 administration in healthy @entity1641 . This was done to determine which available laboratory test can best be used for diagnosis of @entity1375 conditions in horses. Serum T3, T4, and fT4 concentrations in serum samples obtained before and after TSH stimulation and following @entity11464 administration for 7 days were determined. Baseline values ranged from 0.21 to 0.80 ng of T3/ml, 6.2 to 25.1 ng of T4/ml, and 0.07 to 0.47 ng of fT3/dl. After 5 IU of TSH was administered IV, serum T3 values increased to 6 times baseline values in 2 hours. @entity1955 values increased to 3 times baseline values at 4 hours and remained high at 6 hours. Free T4 values increased to 4 times baseline values at 4 hours and remained high at 6 hours. Administration of 4.4 mg of @entity11464 /kg, every 12 hours for 7 days significantly decreased T4 and fT4 values, but did not significantly affect serum T3 concentrations. It was concluded that a TSH stimulation test should be performed when @entity1375 is suspected. Measurement of serum fT4 concentrations, by the single-stage radioimmunoassay, does not provide any additional information about thyroid gland function over that gained by measuring T4 concentrations. @entity11464 given at a dosage of 4.4 mg/kg every 24 hours, for 7 days did significantly decrease resting T4 and fT4 concentrations, but did not significantly affect T3 concentrations in @entity1641 .

title: Serum @entity1954 , total XXXX , and free @entity1955 concentrations in @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'Thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity11464 :: ('MESH:D010653', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylbutazone', 'Phenylbutazone']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: IgE/allergen-dependent activation of skin mast cells is involved in acute @entity110 and leads to their @entity3646 release. Previously we have demonstrated in vitro the induction of the low-affinity receptor for IgE ( @entity7527 / @entity7527 ) in @entity1 keratinocytes (HK) upon stimulation with @entity3646 . In addition, we have observed that ligation of @entity7527 on keratinocytes induced type II @entity842 synthase (iNOS), leading to the release of @entity842 (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines ( @entity310 , @entity650 ). According to these in vitro data, we explored whether keratinocytes could also express iNOS, @entity310 , @entity650 , and @entity7527 in acute @entity110 , an in vivo model in which activation of mast cells by IgE/allergen immune complexes is involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: INOS, @entity310 , @entity650 , and @entity7527 expression by keratinocytes was studied in acute @entity110 (n = 11) in biopsies from lesional and autologous normal skin by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, or RT-PCR. Nitrites and @entity310 synthesis were assayed in supernatants of cultured lesional keratinocytes. RESULTS: INOS mRNA expression was demonstrated with RT-PCR in 10 biopsies out of 11 sections of acute @entity110 lesional skin. Immunohistochemistry showed that this iNOS positivity originated from keratinocytes located close to the dermoepidermal junction; @entity310 and @entity650 mRNA transcription was observed in all but one iNOS+ biopsy. Immunostaining and in situ hybridization with @entity7527 -specific probes were strong in all but one iNOS+ skin biopsy. Noninflamed autologous skin was negative for iNOS (except for a weak positivity in one case), cytokines, and @entity7527 . CONCLUSION: The colocalization of iNOS, proinflammatory cytokines, and @entity7527 within keratinocytes in acute @entity110 demonstrates that these cells play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of the inflammatory reaction during this disease in @entity1 through activation of the iNOS pathway by @entity7527 ligation with IgE/allergen immune complexes.

title: Inducible XXXX synthase and proinflammatory cytokine expression by @entity1 keratinocytes during acute @entity110 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: We conducted a hospital-based cohort study among adult @entity1 with first-time @entity328 @entity2259 (SPB) from 2000 through 2008. @entity1 were identified in a population-based @entity2259 database and followed up for mortality through the Danish @entity262 ( @entity262 ). The aim of the study was to determine the focal diagnosis of SPB, the severity of @entity295 at presentation, demographics and comorbidity characteristics of the @entity1 , and to determine the 30-day mortality rate and factors related to mortality. We identified 481 @entity1 , of which 238 were males. The mean age of the @entity1 was 65 years. The focal diagnosis of the SPB was @entity55 in 381 (79 %) @entity1 , followed in frequency by @entity693 in 33 (7 %) @entity1 . Of the 481 @entity1 , 390 (81 %) had community-acquired SPB. Of these, 23 (6 %) did not have @entity295 , 132 (34 %) had @entity295 , 224 (57 %) had severe @entity295 , and 11 (3 %) were in @entity326 . Overall, the 30-day mortality was 16 %. Mortality increased with the severity of @entity295 . There was no association between the focal diagnosis of SPB or the number of diagnoses and mortality. @entity580 , male sex, increasing age, and increasing comorbidity were all associated with an increased 30-day mortality rate.

title: @entity2259 with XXXX : @entity295 and other risk factors for 30-day mortality--a hospital-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Civil Registration System', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The inverse association of peanut consumption and risk markers of CHD (lipids) has been reported however health professionals are still concerned whether hyperlipidemic subjects advised to eat peanuts will have increased serum lipid levels. Tissue factor (TF), the major regulator of normal haemostasis and @entity715 , plays a critical role in haemostasis in all tissues. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the effects of peanut consumption on lipid profile, blood @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS), haematologic parameters and TF activities in @entity35 fed a high- @entity165 diet. METHODS: 32 @entity35 Albino @entity35 were divided into 4 groups of 8 @entity35 each: 1-Control 2-Control+peanut 3-Hyperlipidemic and 4-Hyperlipidemic+peanut group. At the end of 12 weeks, blood samples were used to evaluate lipid profile, haemostatic parameters, @entity2197 , TBARS and tissue samples were used for the determination of TF activities. RESULTS: Peanut consumption increased blood @entity2197 both in the control and hyperlipidemic groups; increased HDL- @entity165 and decreased TBARS in the hyperlipidemic group. The addition of peanut to the diet did not change blood lipids, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time or fibrinogen levels significantly both in the control and hyperlipidemic groups. It affected TF activities differently in both groups. It decreased brain and aorta TF activity but increased spleen and kidney TF activity in the control group. It led to significant increases in the TF activity of kidney, spleen and aorta and a significant decrease in the TF activity of brain in the hyperlipidemic group. CONCLUSION: Peanut consumption improved @entity2197 and HDL-C levels and decreased TBARS, without increasing other blood lipids in experimental @entity407 . Nevertheless the mechanism of the effect of peanut consumption on the TF activity of tissues remains to be determined.

title: Peanuts improve blood @entity2041 , HDL- XXXX level and change tissue factor activity in @entity35 fed a high- @entity165 diet.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Slow outward @entity972 currents were recorded in isolated frog skeletal muscle fibres using the double @entity2656 -gap voltage-clamp technique. Detubulated fibres failed to generate a slow outward current, and apamin had no effect on the remaining current. The maximum blocking effect of organic and inorganic @entity141 -channel blockers on the slow outward channels of intact fibres was larger than that of apamin. Apamin failed to induce an additional block when applied after @entity141 -channel blockers. In a low- @entity141 solution (OCa, EGTA 1 mM) the slow outward current was slightly increased and the blocking effect of apamin was enhanced. A @entity141 -rich solution ( @entity141 X 10) increased the slow outward current and the blocking effect of apamin was drastically reduced. It is concluded that the apamin-sensitive current which is a component of the slow outward K+ current is located in the tubular membrane. Its activation seems barely dependent on the @entity141 influx via the slow inward @entity141 current. Apamin-receptor binding appears to be dependent on the extracellular @entity141 concentration. Blockade of slow outward current by @entity141 -channel blockers is likely to be the result of a direct action on the slow K+ permeability rather than a consequence of @entity141 channel inhibition.

title: The apamin-sensitive XXXX current in frog skeletal muscle: its dependence on the extracellular calcium and sensitivity to calcium channel blockers.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: The @entity0 incidence is increasing for all industrial countries in the last years. Therefore the relevance of screening methods especially of mammography for early registration of suspected lesions becomes more and more important. One result of using screening methods is an increased rate of @entity1 with lesions which are suspected for @entity5 but non palpable. For the background of that fact we are describing our one year experience with the therapy of @entity5 suspected @entity1558 in 136 female @entity1 . In 47 cases (34.6%) there was a palpable and in 89 cases (65.4%) a non-palpable lesion. The need for mammography was assured in 43 @entity1 (48.3%) through mastopathic controls, in 23 @entity1 (25.8%) within the frame work of a preventive first mammography and in 15 @entity1 (16.8%) through controls after operative therapy for @entity0 . All non-palpable lesions were marked preoperatively through mammography 88.8% (n = 79), sonography 6.7% (n = 6), or through magnet resonance imaging MRI 4.7% (n = 4). Every mammographic marked case was followed by an intraoperative specimen mammography. In 16.8% (n = 15 from 89) of the non-palpable marked areas, a @entity189 was found. 16.7% (n = 3) of the detected @entity5 were diagnosed in an in-situ-stage, all others in an early stage ( @entity2558 -, pN0-, M0-stage) and treated. Besides the early diagnosis of @entity0 and the resulted improvement of prognosis also the rate of breast saving therapies can be increased. Reflecting our datas it should be demanded a regular screening for defined risk groups. In conclusion to improve the prognosis of @entity0 @entity1 and reduce the risk of ablative therapies it is necessary to release a consequent marking of non-palpable @entity5 suspected @entity1558 , a consequent aseptic handling before operation, an intraoperative mammography of the resected area and a frozen section.

title: [Quality assurance in excision of suspected malignant, preoperatively marked and unmarked, XXXX . A one-year analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: An experiment was conducted to test for the existence of a volume effect in radiation @entity602 using @entity2608 treated with clinically relevant field sizes and fractionation schedules. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Five groups of @entity2608 were irradiated using 2.2 Gy per fraction to their spinal cords. Three groups were irradiated with 8 cm fields to total doses of 70.4, 77, and 83.6 Gy. Two additional groups were irradiated to 70.4 Gy using 4 and 16 cm fields. The incidence of paresis expressed within 2 years following the completion of treatment was determined for each group. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to determine parameters of a logistic dose response function. The volume effect was modeled using the probability model in which the probability of producing a lesion in an irradiated volume is governed by the probability of the occurrence of independent events. This is a two parameter model requiring only the estimates of the parameters of the dose-response function for the reference volume, but not needing any additional parameters for describing the volume effect. RESULTS: The probability model using a logistic dose-response function fits the data well with the D50 = 75.8 Gy for the 8-cm field. No evidence was seen for a difference in sensitivities for different anatomical levels of the spinal cord. Most lesions were type 3, combined white matter parenchymal and @entity455 . Latent periods did not differ significantly from those of type 3 lesions in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The spinal cord exhibits a volume effect that is well described by the probability model. Because the dose response function for radiation @entity602 is steep, the volume effect is modest. The @entity2608 remains the animal model most similar to @entity1 in dose response, histopathology, and latency for radiation @entity602 .

title: Volume effects in XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Rhesus monkey', 'Rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective therapy for the @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Automatic CPAP devices continuously adjust the positive pressure to the required levels. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of an automatic CPAP machine used with an estimated reference pressure value. DESIGN: A before-and-after, single-blind trial in which @entity1 were randomly allocated to one of three modes of CPAP administration. SETTING: Referral-based sleep center in a public health care institution. @entity1 : 36 outpatients with @entity27 . INTERVENTION: Continuous positive airway pressure was given at a conventional fixed pressure (group 1), automatic CPAP was given at a measured reference pressure (group 2), and automatic CPAP was given at an estimated reference pressure (group 3). In group 1, the effective pressure was determined during a titration sleep study. In groups 2 and 3, the pressure interval was allowed to vary from 4 cm @entity2507 below reference pressure to 3 cm @entity2507 above reference pressure. In group 3, the estimated value of the reference pressure was determined according to individual anthropometric characteristics. MEASUREMENTS: Sleep studies were performed and measurements of diurnal sleepiness were obtained at each visit. RESULTS: Sleep and @entity387 and @entity2147 were alleviated similarly in the three groups. The @entity386 + @entity387 index remained abnormal in one @entity1 in group 3 for whom the reference pressure had been underestimated. A strong negative correlation was found between the percentage of time spent below reference pressure during CPAP and the difference between the effective and estimated pressures. CONCLUSION: Automatic CPAP can be used with an estimated reference pressure without doing a titration sleep study. The positive pressure trend can be used to determine whether treatment failure is caused by an inadequate pressure setting and to determine the amount of pressure to apply.

title: Efficacy of automatic continuous positive airway pressure therapy that uses an estimated required pressure in the treatment of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'breathing disorders']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolence']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: @entity101 is a major risk factor for @entity64 . Neurovascular compression (NC) of the left ventrolateral medulla oblongata may cause arterial @entity101 . We evaluated the relationship between the two @entity385 @entity1 . We classified 69 @entity1 under 50 years old (49 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 , aged 43.6 +/- 7.3 years) based on magnetic resonance imaging findings as follows: NC @entity1 (n = 38; 10 with NC on the right side, 18 with NC on the left side, and 10 with NC on both sides) and non-NC @entity1 (n = 31). We compared the following clinical characteristics between the two groups: (1) risk factors for @entity64 , including @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity1007 , and smoking and (2) @entity64 subtype. @entity101 was more frequent in the NC group than in the non-NC group (58 vs. 19%, p = 0.001). @entity101 was more frequent in @entity1 with left-side NC than in those with right-side NC (78 vs. 20%, p = 0.005). No other differences were observed between the two groups. Twelve @entity1 presented with @entity64 , 16 with @entity64 , 24 with @entity64 and 17 with @entity64 of miscellaneous etiology. NC was significantly more common in @entity1 with @entity64 as compared with those affected by other @entity64 subtypes (p = 0.015). We found a significant relationship between @entity101 and NC of the ventrolateral medulla oblongata on the left side in @entity385 @entity1 younger than 50 years of age. Some @entity1 with @entity64 may have hyptertension related to NC.

title: XXXX and neurovascular compression of the left lateral medulla oblongata in @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'atherothrombotic stroke', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: Monitoring systems to measure flap survival are either invasive, touch the surface of the tissue, or have problems in reproducibility. The authors sought to determine the efficacy of a laser Doppler imaging (LDI) system to measure perfusion in a myocutaneous flap, by producing a two-dimensional picture of the flap without touching the surface. They compared total flap perfusion with perfusion in selected areas of interest after flap surgery. The perfusion in the left groin of @entity35 was measured before and after surface rubbing, @entity272 , and during different lighting conditions. The perfusion of the epigastric flap before and over a period of 60 min after elevation was measured, and values were compared to pre-surgical values and to sham-operated animals. They determined the differences between single and running-suture techniques after flap surgery, as well as between venous and/or @entity432 . Surface rubbing, @entity272 , and light influenced the LDI image. After flap elevation, total flap perfusion remained stable, while the distal area (area 8, n = 7) of the flap showed a statistically significant decrease in perfusion (71 +/- 5.9 vs. 92 +/- 9.5 percent perfusion units--PU; p < .05). The proximal areas (1 to 3, n = 7) of the flap had a higher perfusion at 60 min after flap surgery, compared with sham-operated (n = 8) animals (118 +/- 12.5 vs. 97 +/- 10.4 percent PU; p < .05). The running-suture technique was followed by decreased perfusion on the peripheral side of the flap, compared with the single-suture technique (73.7 +/- 9.2 vs. 99.2 +/- 4.9 percent PU; n = 2). The LDI was able to visualize venous and/or @entity432 after flap surgery. Under standardized circumstances (light, temperature), the LDI was efficient in measuring regional flap circulation experimentally. While total flap perfusion after flap surgery remained stable, perfusion in the distal flap decreased significantly.

title: Evaluation of total vs. regional blood perfusion with a laser Doppler imaging system in the XXXX epigastric flap.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are suggested to be immune-privileged, but they carry the risk of uncontrolled expansion and @entity5 . Upon differentiation they lose their tumor-forming capacity, but they become immunogenic by the expression of a normal set of MHC molecules. This immunogenicity might trigger rejection after application in regenerative therapies. In this study MHC expression of and immune responses to endothelial derivatives of @entity35 embryonic stem cell-like cells (RESC) under inflammatory conditions were determined in comparison to primary @entity35 aortic endothelial cells (ECs). Cellular as well as humoral allo-recognition was analyzed in vitro. In addition, immune reactions in vivo were assessed by allo-antibody production and determination of @entity3692 ( @entity3692 )-secreting allo-reactive T cells. RESC derivatives expressed low but significant levels of MHC class I, and no MHC class II. In response to @entity3692 MHC class I expression was enhanced, while class II transactivator induction failed completely in these cells; MHC class II expression remained consistently absent. Functionally, the RESC derivatives showed a reduced allo-stimulatory capacity, protection against humoral allo-recognition in vitro and a slightly diminished susceptibility to cytotoxic T cell lysis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that these cells do not trigger host immune reactions, characterized by no allo-antibody production and no induction of allo-reactive memory T cells. Our results show that endothelial derivatives of RESC have a distinctive reduced immunogenic potency even under inflammatory conditions.

title: Low immunogenicity of endothelial derivatives from XXXX embryonic stem cell-like cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Administration of @entity1810 , a fibrogenic inflammatory growth factor, promotes @entity82 and @entity2318 . @entity619 , an anti-inflammatory @entity134 , inhibits wound healing and reduces @entity82 . The current studies were initiated to determine whether the co-administration of @entity619 was able to abrogate the fibrogenic effect of @entity1810 . @entity4832 sponges were implanted subcutaneously on the abdominal area of @entity35 and directly injected with vehicle, @entity619 , @entity1810 , or @entity619 plus @entity1810 . @entity619 was able to block the fibrogenic effect of @entity1810 . Collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis was measured as a function of @entity1810 or @entity619 concentrations in fibroblasts isolated from granulation tissue. Addition of @entity619 to cultures treated simultaneously with @entity1810 blocked the fibrogenic response of @entity1810 . To study the molecular regulation of collagen gene expression by @entity1810 or @entity619 , fibroblasts derived from granulation tissue were stably transfected with the ColCat 3.6 plasmid, which contains the @entity35 pro alpha1(I) collagen promoter linked to the @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. @entity619 decreased CAT activity whereas @entity1810 increased the activity of this reporter gene. The increase in CAT activity observed with @entity1810 treatment was significantly decreased when @entity619 was added to the cultures, although CAT activity did not return to control level. Since collagen synthesis in fibroblasts treated simultaneously with @entity619 and @entity1810 was found to be the same as that of untreated samples, the data indicate that there is a @entity619 -mediated posttranscriptional regulation of pro alpha1(I) collagen mRNA. These studies demonstrate that at the in vivo level, the cellular level, and the molecular level, @entity619 is able to block the fibrogenic effect of @entity1810 .

title: @entity619 abrogates the fibrogenic effect of transforming growth factor-beta in XXXX granuloma and granulation tissue fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Radiotherapy and/or pelvic exenteration represent the treatment of vaginal recurrence, but the prognosis remains unsatisfactory and with long-term complications. We investigated the possible role of vaginectomy for isolated @entity8376 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: @entity1 with vaginal @entity5 recurrence were evaluated for surgical treatment consisting in vaginectomy. Data were prospectively collected and analyzed to identify independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with IVR from @entity5 were enrolled. Early and late complications were observed in 7 (24%) and 6 (21%) @entity1 , respectively. After a median follow-up of 57.5 months (range, 8-100 months), 16 @entity1 (55%) were disease-free. The 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 70.5% and 59.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In carefully selected @entity1 , vaginectomy may be considered a therapeutic option for IVR. Older @entity1 with long disease-free interval and small recurrences benefit the most from this bladder-sparing surgical technique.

title: Vaginectomy: a minimally invasive treatment for XXXX vaginal recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal relapse (IVR) in cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: At medium term, the results of delayed angioplasty (DA) following intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in terms of arterial permeability but particularly of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) is still poorly understood and is the subject of this prospective study. Over 18 months, 76 @entity1 underwent DA for the @entity850 on day 8 +/- 5 with complete and partial success rates of 88.2% and 11.8% respectively. Rapid reocclusion (< 48 hours) was documented in 9.2% of cases. After 6 months, there had been no deaths and no recurrence of @entity1188 but a recurrence of @entity951 in 23.7% of cases. Angiographic monitoring, carried out in 56 cases (73.7%) after 6 +/- 2.4 months identified 21 @entity256 (37.5%) and 6 re-occlusions (10.7%). 12 of the @entity256 were successfully re-dilated. The effect on LV function was investigated in 50 @entity1 . In the absence of reocclusion, the ejection fraction and the kinetics of the infarcted territory were improved; significant @entity256 (> 60% by digital densitometry) did not appear to offset these improvements. In addition to the maintenance of arterial permeability, the possibility of functional recovery appears to be conditioned by the degree of contractile abnormality observed during the initial ventriculography. Despite the absence of @entity256 after 6 months, the occurrence on day 6 of @entity910 or above all of @entity910 reduces the chances of contractile improvement with as a corollary more marked LV changes.

title: [Delayed angioplasty for @entity850 following thrombolyzed XXXX : arterial permeability and @entity1002 after 6 months].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia', 'dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['residual stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular function', 'LVF']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: Skeletal @entity2057 is associated with a marked and sustained activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity. Previous work showed that @entity1991 is one of the NF-kappaB family members required for this activation and for @entity2057 . In this work, we tested whether another NF-kappaB family member, @entity16181 , is required for @entity194 . Because endogenous inhibitory factor kappaBalpha ( @entity1993 ) was activated (i.e., decreased) at 3 and 7 days of muscle disuse (i.e., hindlimb unloading), we also tested if @entity1993 , which binds and retains @entity16181 proteins in the cytosol, is required for @entity194 and intermediates of the @entity194 process. To do this, we electrotransferred a dominant negative @entity1993 (IkappaBalphaDeltaN) in soleus muscles, which were either unloaded or weight bearing. IkappaBalphaDeltaN expression abolished the unloading-induced increase in both NF-kappaB activation and total ubiquitinated protein. IkappaBalphaDeltaN inhibited unloading-induced fiber @entity194 by 40%. The expression of certain genes known to be upregulated with @entity194 were significantly inhibited by IkappaBalphaDeltaN expression during unloading, including @entity32906 / @entity32906 , @entity55412 , @entity23672 , @entity3114 , and @entity37657 , suggesting these genes may be targets of NF-kappaB transcription factors. In contrast, @entity16181 was not required for @entity194 because the unloading-induced markers of @entity194 were the same in @entity16181 (-/-) and wild-type @entity19 . Thus @entity1993 degradation is required for the unloading-induced decrease in fiber size, the increase in protein ubiquitination, activation of NF-kappaB signaling, and the expression of specific @entity194 genes, but @entity16181 is not. These data represent a significant advance in our understanding of the role of NF-kappaB/IkappaB family members in skeletal @entity2057 , and they provide new candidate NF-kappaB target genes for further study.

title: Role for @entity1993 , but not @entity16181 , in skeletal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle atrophy']


abstract: To elucidate whether the Valsalva manoeuvre (VM) can produce a @entity1168 instead of well-known @entity591 , a systemic study of the influence of various degrees of strain pressure and lung volumes was undertaken. Six basic patterns beat-to-beat heart rate response (HRR) were seen during the inspiratory graded VM straining with a duration of 25 sec in 75 healthy male subjects (undergraduates) aged 19-28 years. Two patterns were bradycardic, three patterns tachycardic, and one intermediate. The conditions favouring within-strain @entity1168 included: completely expanded lungs, low expiratory strain pressure, and a vagotonic state of autonomic reactivity. In order to explore the mechanisms for the @entity1168 -type response, in an additional subset of six subjects the instantaneous changes in the arterial mean pressure and vascular resistance were studied. Despite of conspicuous @entity1168 the well-known classical four-phase course in blood pressure appeared (Hamilton et al., 1936. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 107, 853-856). We suggest that the nature of HRR to inspiratory VM is determined by the balance between two reflex influences -a vagal reflex from slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors and a sympathetic reflex from arterial baroreceptors. It was concluded that the bradycardic HRR to inspiratory VM is a normal event in @entity1 with parasympathetic reactivity, particularly when strain pressure is low.

title: The bradycardic response to the Valsalva manoeuvre in normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: A 15-yr-old, apparently male, @entity1 presented with a 2-yr history of @entity247 and poor genital development. A normally formed, but small, penis with a phallic urethra was present, and testes were impalpable. The karyotype was 46,XX, and at laparotomy a uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries were found, but there was no testicular tissue. The mother had had regular periods ever since menarche at 14 yr. She had complained of @entity3427 since the birth of the @entity1 , and on examination 15 yr later had marked clitoromegaly. Serum @entity3800 were elevated: @entity251 , 4.5 nmol/L (normal, 0.5-3); @entity9027 , 18 mumol/L (normal, 3-12); and @entity2671 , 35 nmol/L (normal, 3-8). All failed to suppress with @entity619 . Abdominal computed tomographic scan revealed a 9 X 6-cm mass in the position of the left adrenal gland. This was removed at laparotomy and found to be an @entity16663 . Postoperatively, the @entity3800 returned to normal. Virilization of a female fetus due to @entity3800 secreted by a maternal @entity5 has only been described three times previously, and the presentation has never been delayed so long.

title: Female pseudohermaphroditism due to a maternal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumor']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumor']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity16663 :: (MESH:D000306,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical tumor']


abstract: A prospective quasirandomized study was performed to compare the effects of surgical extirpation (Group I, 29 @entity1 ) with the outcome after high-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Group II, 50 @entity1 ; 3,000 impulses of an energy flux density of 0.6 mJ/mm2) in @entity1 with a chronic @entity924 in the supraspinatus tendon. Symptoms and demographic data of the two groups were comparable. According to the University of California Los Angeles Rating System, the mean score in Group I was 30 points with 75% good or excellent results after 12 months, and 32 points with 90% good or excellent results after 24 months. Radiologically, there was no calcific deposit in 85% of the @entity1 after 1 year. In Group II, the mean score was 28 points with 60% good or excellent results after 12 months, and 29 points with 64% good or excellent results after 2 years. Radiologically, complete elimination of the deposit was observed in 47% of the @entity1 after 1 year. Clinically, according to the University of California Los Angeles score, there was no significant difference between both groups at 1 year. At 2 years, there was a significantly better result in Group II. Both groups then were subdivided into @entity1 who had a homogenous deposit as seen on radiographs and @entity1 who had an inhomogenous deposit before treatment. Surgery was superior compared with high-energy shock wave therapy for @entity1 with homogenous deposits. For @entity1 with inhomogenous deposits, high-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy was equivalent to surgery and should be given priority because of its noninvasiveness.

title: Shock wave therapy versus conventional surgery in the treatment of calcifying XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['calcifying tendinitis']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinitis of the shoulder']


abstract: We examined the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing clinical isolates among Enterobacter spp., @entity5134 , @entity8171 , and @entity11889 , and evaluated screening criteria, clinical characteristics and outcomes of @entity281 caused by ESBL-producing organisms. Between January and June 2005, a total of 493 nonduplicate consecutive isolates were collected at Asan Medical Center, a 2,300-bed tertiary hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Fifty isolates (10.1%) were positive for phenotypical ESBL-test. The positive rate of phenotypical ESBL-test in Enterobacter spp., @entity5134 , @entity8171 , and @entity11889 was 12.8%, 12.4%, 4.9%, and 0% respectively. SHV-12 (18 isolates), @entity3525 -M-9 (17 isolates), and TEM-52 (five isolates) were the most prevalent ESBL types. The ESBL in 17 strains could not be identified. As an ESBL screening criterion, the cefepime MIC >or=1 microg/ml had the highest sensitivity (0.84) and specificity (0.87). Half of the ESBL-producing isolates (25/50) were judged as pathogens. @entity255 (ten cases), and @entity55 (six cases) were the most common @entity281 . The overall mortality was 12.0%.

title: Prevalence, microbiology, and clinical characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter spp., @entity5134 , XXXX , and @entity11889 in Korea.

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity11889 :: ('582', 'Species') :: ['M. morganii', 'Morganella morganii']

entities_list: @entity8171 :: ('546', 'Species') :: ['C. freundii', 'Citrobacter freundii']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangitis']

answer: @entity8171 :: (546,Species) :: ['Citrobacter freundii']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of @entity6068 during the acute and healing periods in @entity137 ( @entity137 ), to describe the clinical aspects and functional consequences, and to evaluate surgical treatment. STUDY DESIGN: During the acute period in 40 @entity1 , cutaneous and @entity75 were described on the day of hospitalization and daily thereafter. To evaluate the healing period, a questionnaire was sent to the same 40 @entity1 to obtain information on symptomatology after the acute period, anatomic modifications, and the quality of @entity458 . RESULTS: During the acute period, @entity75 were present in 28 of the 40 @entity1 studied (70%). In 24/28 (89%) the lesions were vulvar only, and in 3/28 (11%) they were vulvovaginal. In one case vaginal involvement could not be proven because the @entity1 was a virgin. During the healing period, sequelae occurred in 5 of the 40 @entity1 (12.5%): four cases were known since the @entity1 had visited the Department of Gynecology because of secondary effects, and one case was detected by the questionnaire. The symptoms occurred during hospitalization in 1 case, at the end of the second month in 2, at the 12th month in 1 and unknown in 1. The site was the vulva in all five cases and was the vulva and vagina in three. Again, the virgin could not be examined. The average interval between secondary effects and the original gynecologic visit was 7 months (3-12). The sequelae were treated surgically in two of the five affected @entity1 : on the vulva, nymphoplasty, posthectomy and median perineotomy; in the vagina, sharp and blunt dissection, with use of a soft mold. The first @entity1 had a recurrence six months after surgery, and the second had no recurrence but has been unable to engage in intercourse. CONCLUSION: From our study of the involvement of the vulva and vagina during @entity137 and the sequelae, it is clear that detection from the questionnaire was insufficient. Some @entity1 can have @entity5862 without functional sequelae, and others can have minor involvement with important psychological repercussions. A prospective study with systematic examination of the vulvovaginal area and systematic follow-up for at least one year is needed. For therapy, a lubricant gel (perhaps topical steroids) could be useful. Placing a soft mold in the vagina as soon as possible, though difficult, and keeping it there until complete healing occurs can lead to infection. It is not clear that use of a mold would promote healing or be tolerated. Intercourse immediately after the acute period would be helpful but probably would not be welcome to the @entity1 . However useful, a prospective survey would be difficult because it would entail many years of study.

title: Vulvovaginal sequelae in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['mucous lesions', 'genital lesions']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and other genital activity']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['synechiae']

entities_list: @entity6068 :: ('MESH:D014845', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar lesions']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity379 exerts a multiplicity of actions potentially relevant for the pathogenesis of @entity15 , including the expression of a transplasmalemma @entity460 ( @entity141 ) influx leading to an intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) increase able to lower T lymphocyte threshold of excitability. It has been previously shown in a cross sectional cumulative study that this influx is associated with clinical and MRI evidence of disease activity. METHODS: To evaluate the temporal relation between disease activity and the @entity379 activated @entity141 influx in individual @entity1 , a fluorimetric analysis was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes from eight @entity1 with @entity3780 @entity15 every 15 days for one year. RESULTS: Fluctuations of the influx were correlated with clinical events and monthly enhanced brain MRI. The influx was detected a mean of 10.4 (range 7-17) times per @entity1 during our analysis. In 61% of the occasions, influx induced [ @entity141 ]i increases were recorded in each @entity1 in more than two consecutive measurements, determining sustained [ @entity141 ]i increases lasting for a mean of 31.5 days. Peak [ @entity141 ]i increases preceded clinical attacks (P=0.04) or maximal detection of brain MRI enhancing lesions (P=0.05) by a mean of 30.8 and 34.2 days respectively. Spectral analysis of time series further indicated that the fluctuation frequency of [ @entity141 ]i increases due to the influx over time were superimposable on the appearance of new @entity75 in all @entity1 and confirmed that in two thirds of the @entity1 these [ @entity141 ]i increases occurred significantly before (P<0.005) or concurred with new lesion appearance. Finally, the overall presence of the influx throughout the follow up period correlated (P=0.03) with the @entity1 ' exacerbation rates. CONCLUSIONS: Intracellular events leading to T lymphocyte activation in @entity15 occur in the peripheral blood before CNS specific events become evident and are, in part, sustained by cytokine induced @entity141 mediated phenomena.

title: @entity379 induced increases in intracellular @entity460 in T lymphocytes from XXXX with @entity15 precede clinical exacerbations and detection of active lesions on MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['MRI lesions']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon (IFN)-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify peripheral blood autoantibody and cytokine profiles that characterise clinically relevant subgroups of @entity1 with early @entity309 using @entity625 antigen microarrays and a multiplex cytokine assay. METHODS: Serum samples from 56 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity309 of <6 months' duration were tested. Cytokine profiles were also determined in samples from @entity1 with @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) and @entity1691 (n = 21), and from healthy individuals (n = 19). Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's adjustment for multiple comparisons, linear correlation tests, significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) and hierarchical clustering software. RESULTS: Distinct antibody profiles were associated with subgroups of @entity1 who exhibited high serum levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity4047 , @entity8252 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Significantly increased autoantibody reactivity against citrullinated epitopes was observed in @entity1 within the cytokine "high" subgroup. Increased levels of @entity310 , @entity1192 , IL12p40 and @entity4047 , and the chemokines eotaxin/ @entity14700 , @entity2842 and interferon-inducible protein 10, were present in early @entity309 as compared with controls (p<0.001). Chemokines showed some of the most impressive differences. Only @entity687 / @entity687 concentrations were higher in @entity1 with @entity5144 / @entity1691 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Increased blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with autoantibody targeting of citrullinated antigens and surrogate markers of disease activity in @entity1 with early @entity309 . Proteomic analysis of serum autoantibodies, cytokines and chemokines enables stratification of @entity1 with early @entity309 into molecular subgroups.

title: Proteomic analysis of secreted proteins in early XXXX : anti-citrulline autoreactivity is associated with up regulation of proinflammatory cytokines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)1beta']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The association of @entity6 and @entity1032 , in particular, @entity161 , has been remarked upon for over a century. Recent epidemiological studies have shown the age- and sex-matched prevalence of @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity161 to be 1.5-2 times those in the general population. This difference is particularly noticeable in younger @entity1 . The explanation for this finding probably resides in both environmental and biological factors. @entity1 with @entity161 tend to be sedentary and have a poor diet, which are both known risk factors for @entity6 . However, familial studies have indicated a heritable component to the risk of @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity161 . A number of biological mechanisms have been proposed to explain this, including neuroendocrine changes and @entity245 , but none are entirely satisfactory. In addition, it has been suggested that treatment with antipsychotic medication may potentially increase the risk of @entity6 and account for some of the increased prevalence seen in @entity1 with @entity161 . It has been suggested that different antipsychotic drugs may differ in their ability to facilitate the emergence of poor glycaemic control in @entity1 with @entity161 . However, the situation is far from clear and more work is required to accurately assess the potential risk associated with different antipsychotic drugs.

title: @entity161 and XXXX : epidemiological data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Acute transmural @entity583 initiates a series of changes in left ventricular (LV) volume, regional function and geometry. This process, known as post- @entity1188 LV remodeling, may continue for months or years following the initial @entity63 event. To characterize the components of late ventricular remodeling, biplane left ventriculography was performed in 52 @entity1 at 3 weeks and repeated at 1 year after first @entity583 . Biplane circumference and contractile and noncontractile segment lengths were measured. Global geometry was evaluated by calculating a sphericity index and regional geometry was assessed by measurement of endocardial curvature. End-diastolic (ED) volume was increased at 3 weeks and enlarged further at one year. This late enlargement was accompanied by an increase in the length of the contractile segment and an increase in sphericity, whereas the length of the noncontractile segment decreased. Curvature analysis revealed that this late increase in sphericity resulted from flattening of regions of presumably high tension negative curvature at the @entity1188 and from less bulging of the infarcted anterior wall. Even in @entity1 selected for late ventricular enlargement (change in ED volume > 20 ml, n = 19), this increase in volume resulted from both lengthening of the contractile segment and an increase in sphericity without a change in the noncontractile segment length. Thus, late ventricular enlargement after @entity583 results from an increase in contractile segment length and a change in ventricular geometry and is not a result of progressive @entity1188 expansion.

title: Ventricular remodeling after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct border zone', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']