abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report an unusual case of @entity816 . DESIGN: Case report. INTERVENTION: A 10-month-old @entity1 with @entity2916 was found to have bilateral astrocytic hamartomas, the right eye being prominently involved by elevated and pedunculated lesions. At 7 years of age, she had posterior subcapsular @entity231 , @entity1713 , and subretinal exudation develop in the right eye. At 12 years of age, her blind, @entity3856 had to be enucleated because of @entity2297 and a spontaneous scleral perforation. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination showed that the entire vitreous cavity was filled with a mixture of @entity5 , granulation tissue, and @entity39 . Part of the @entity5 was composed of spindle-shaped glial cells. The remainder was composed of large gemistocytic cells that contained large atypical nuclei and copious amounts of cytoplasm, which was intensely eosinophilic in some areas. The @entity5 contained foci of @entity39 and rare mitotic figures. It had infiltrated the parenchyma of the retrolaminar nerve and extended to the surgical margin. Areas of unequivocal choroidal invasion were also identified. The @entity5 cells were intensely immunoreactive for @entity3508 and @entity4483 protein. In contrast, glial fibrillary acidic protein was only minimally positive. CONCLUSIONS: The histologic and immunohistochemical features of this @entity12621 resemble those of @entity816 , a @entity75 in @entity2916 . Although this unusual @entity816 had atypical histopathologic features and @entity146 , the systemic prognosis was excellent.

title: Invasive @entity816 in a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['characteristic lesion']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['local aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell astrocytoma of the retina', 'subependymal giant cell astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity12621 :: ('MESH:D019572', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['painful right eye']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies examining sex differences in @entity5322 activity have produced conflicting results. Our objective is to investigate whether sex differences exist in @entity5322 activity as assessed by intravenous (IV) or oral @entity1363 pharmacokinetic analysis in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Data from 13 previous studies were used. A single dose of IV @entity1363 (0.025 mg/kg) was administered to 66 white adults (37 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 ; mean age, 36.3+/-7.7 years). A single dose of oral @entity1363 , 0.075 mg/kg (5 studies), 0.15 mg/kg (1 study), or 5 mg (1 study), was administered to 72 adults (71 white and 1 Asian; 37 @entity1 and 35 @entity1 ; mean age, 38.3+/-8.9 years). Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined via population methods by use of a nonparametric adaptive grid program and a 2-compartment IV and 1-compartment oral absorption model. The maximum a posteriori probability Bayesian method was used to estimate each subject's pharmacokinetic parameters. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to determine the probability distribution of the area under the concentration-time curves (AUCs). RESULTS: @entity1 exhibited 11% higher mean weight-corrected total body @entity1363 clearance and 28% higher oral clearance compared with @entity1 (P<or=.01). The median AUC of IV @entity1363 was 0.05 mg.h/L (range, 0.02-0.14 mg.h/L) in @entity1 and 0.06 mg.h/L (range, 0.02-0.14 mg.h/L) in @entity1 . The median AUC of oral @entity1363 was 0.11 mg.h/L (range, 0.02-0.60 mg.h/L) in @entity1 and 0.12 mg.h/L (range, 0.04-0.45 mg.h/L) in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 showed significantly greater hepatic and intestinal @entity5322 activity, only a minor sex difference in AUC was noted. Therefore the observed disparity may be of negligible clinical importance.

title: Sex differences in @entity5322 activity using intravenous and oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide guidelines for the selection of an initial contact lens (CL) power based on the preoperative characteristics of the @entity1 in eyes undergoing infantile @entity231 surgery without primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. DESIGN: Cohort study. @entity1 : Eyes were included if @entity231 surgery was performed without primary IOL implantation before 1 year of age, a SilSoft CL (Bausch _ Lomb, Rochester, NY) was placed immediately after surgery, and postoperative refraction data were available within 1 month after surgery. METHODS: The target CL power was calculated by using the postoperative refraction at the corneal plane for each eye. A regression formula was derived using the targeted CL power and the @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ). The CL power also was estimated using various formulas. An A-constant was derived to estimate CL power using IOL power calculation formula. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Contact lens power. RESULTS: Fifty eyes of 50 @entity1 were analyzed. Age at the time of @entity231 surgery was 2.4    1.7 months. Refraction at the corneal plane was 29.6    4.4 diopters (D). Regression analysis revealed that CL power=84.4 - 3.2   @entity3656 (R(2) = 0.82; P<0.001). Contact lens power can be estimated using an A-constant of 112.176 in the IOL power calculation formula. If a CL power of 32 D had been used, 22 (44%) of 50 eyes would have needed a replacement of CL. CONCLUSIONS: We devised guidelines on selecting the initial CL power based on preoperative @entity3656 . The IOL power calculator also can help to estimate CL power. Refraction at the conclusion of surgery in @entity1 may be difficult, and preoperative biometry can be used to estimate CL power. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

title: Selection of an initial contact lens power for infantile XXXX surgery without primary intraocular lens implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'axial length']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: A study was carried out in 1984-1986 in Seine-Saint-Denis on the clinical management of @entity378 cases. It was possible to observe in routine practice the nature, duration and results of treatment in 336 adult cases suffering for the first time from @entity1576 . The recommendations of the French Society of Pneumology were taken as a reference. A minority of @entity1 (22%) were treated entirely at home. The others were admitted to hospital then treated at home (33%) or had a stay in a sanatorium (45%). The mean duration of stay in institutions was five months for those @entity1 staying in a sanatorium. The most common therapeutic regime in the initial phase consisted of @entity1215 and isoniazid, with additional @entity3110 alone (60%) or @entity3110 in combination with @entity5585 (15%). The mean duration of treatment was 10.5 months, without any difference between those regimes consisting of three or four drugs. At the end of the period of treatment 85% of @entity1 were considered to be cured; 16 @entity1 (or 5%) had died and 18 @entity1 (6%) were lost to follow up before the end of treatment. There were 15 @entity1 (or 4%) who showed no significant change between the beginning and the end of the study.

title: [ XXXX in Seine-Saint-Denis. Results of treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory tuberculosis']


abstract: The authors report a case of a 53-year-old @entity1 who developed symptoms and signs of compression of the left medulla oblongata by the elongated and curved left vertebral artery with normal diameter. Twelve days before admission to the hospital, the @entity1 suddenly noticed severe @entity10 and @entity390 with @entity391 , while she was unloading a burden. Neurological examination revealed left @entity1931 , right hemihypesthesia and mild @entity1269 . Hoarseness was observed, but the movement of the uvula and tongue was normal. @entity101 was noticed (180/100). Cerebral and vertebral angiography revealed no @entity439 , but demonstrated an elongated and curved V4 portion of the left vertebral artery with normal diameter. Coronal plain of T2 weighted image of MRI and CT scan with @entity6161 administered into the CSF, clearly demonstrated an elongated and curved left vertebral artery compressing the ventro-lateral portion of the left medulla oblongata, neurovascular decompression of the V4 from the medulla oblongata was performed. Through the operating microscope, it was observed that the elongated and curved V4 portion of the left vertebral artery with normal configuration was compressing the left medulla oblongata ventro-laterally, making a compression notch at the outlets of the cranial nerves IX and X. Transposition of the V4 portion was impossible. Some pieces of Taflon felt, thick enough to prevent the pulsatile movement of the V4 from compressing the medulla oblongata, were inserted between the V4 and the medulla oblongata. Two months after the operation, the @entity1 's @entity1269 and @entity132 were gradually improving and her blood pressure had become normal. The authors emphasize that, among @entity1 with symptoms and signs of @entity2850 , there is at least one @entity1 for whom neurovascular decompression was an effective treatment.

title: [A case report of XXXX due to @entity2850 by an elongated vertebral artery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['facial hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6161 :: ('MESH:D008793', 'Chemical') :: ['metrizamide']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression of the medulla oblongata']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['occipital-nuchal headache']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Since chronic @entity409 is generally considered a pre-malignant condition, recurrence in the residual liver after hepatic resection for @entity157 may be related to the malignant potential of the underlying @entity409 . METHODOLOGY: We studied non-cancerous regions of @entity157 that were 3 cm or smaller in diameter from 170 @entity1 who underwent curative hepatic resection. The presence of clusters of @entity5072 small cells, which we called @entity5072 foci, was investigated microscopically. The nuclei of the cells in @entity5072 foci were normal, but the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio was high, cellularity was increased compared with neighboring regions, and the hepatic trabeculae were somewhat thick. We also calculated the labeling index in @entity5072 foci areas by proliferating cell nuclear antigen and compared this to that of hepatocytes without cellular atypia. RESULTS: In 59 of 170 @entity1 (35%), @entity5072 foci were found. The labeling index in @entity5072 foci was significantly higher than in control regions (p = 0.0016). As of December 1995, 113 @entity1 (63%) were found to have a recurrence. When @entity5072 foci were found, the @entity5 -free survival rate was significantly lower (p = 0.0443). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7905 represent an important predictor of recurrence after hepatic resection for a small @entity157 .

title: @entity7905 as a prognostic factor after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity7905 :: ('MESH:C565785', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperplastic foci']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of computed tomography( CT) in the staging and predicting respectability of @entity43 . METHODS: The data of preoperative abdomen and pelvis CT scan in 64 @entity1 with @entity43 were collected from @entity5 registry database. All CT scans were analyzed retrospectively without knowledge of the operative findings, and the stage as based on CT was compared with the surgical and pathological findings. Residual lesion of < or = 2 cm in maximal diameter was considered as an optimal surgical result. Twenty-senven of these 64 @entity1 (42.2%) underwent optimal cytoreduction surgery for residual disease C2 cm in diameter. Based on the ability of each parameter in predicting cytoreductive surgery outcome, 11 radiographic features were selected for the final model. Each predictive parameter was assigned a numeric value (1 to 7). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value( @entity2286 ) , negative predictive value( NPV),and accuracy were calculated for each predictive parameter. Receiver operating characteristic( ROC) curve was used to assess the ability of the model to predict surgical outcome. The correlation between CT stage and surgical-pathologic stage was analyzed by Chi-square test and Spearman's rho analysis. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of CT staging for advanced @entity43 was 87. 5% ; 86. 5% and 91.7% for stage III and IV @entity1 respectively. The correlation between CT stage and surgicopathologic stage was found to be comformable. In the final predictive index model, when a predictive index scoreed > or = 2, the overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity was 70. 3% , 67.6% and 74. 1% for identifying @entity1 for suboptimal surgery. The @entity2286 and the NPV was 78. 1% and 62. 5% , respectively. The ROC curve was generated with an area under the curve = 0. 792+/-0. 055 using the predictive index scores. CONCLUSION: CT has a high accuracy in staging and a moderate ability to predict resectability for advanced @entity43 . Therefore, the predictive index model may be useful in the management of @entity43 @entity1 .

title: [Value of computed tomography in the staging and predicting resectability of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'primary advanced ovarian carcinoma', 'Stage II or IV ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['primary advanced ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: In this prospective study, 167 consecutive @entity1 with node-negative @entity0 were treated without adjuvant systemic therapy in a community hospital from 1974 through 1984. The median follow-up for living @entity1 was 84 months. Ninety-three percent of @entity1 had disease classified as T1, N0, M0 or T2, N0, M0. Overall survival at 5 years was 81% and at 10 years, 66%. Adjusted survival rates, which excluded @entity1 who died without @entity0 , were 91% at 5 years and 83% at 10 years. Relapse-free survival rates were 74% at 5 years and 61% at 10 years. T status, age, menopausal status, histology, @entity172 receptor status, nuclear grade, and sinus histiocytosis were evaluated as prognostic indicators. It was difficult for the pathologists to assign a single value for nuclear grade; however, univariate analysis showed a significant difference in outcome between @entity1 with nuclear grade 1 versus nuclear grade 4 lesions. @entity1 age is important in the decision regarding adjuvant therapy in that @entity1 aged 70 and older are much more likely to die without @entity0 recurrence. By multivariate analysis, @entity5 size was the only independently significant factor (P less than .0125).

title: Node-negative XXXX treated without adjuvant systemic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: This article reviews the thyroid system, mainly from a @entity1 standpoint. However, the thyroid system is highly conserved among vertebrate species, so the general information on thyroid hormone production and feedback through the @entity2339 should be considered for all vertebrates, while species-specific differences are highlighted in the individual articles. This background article begins by outlining the @entity2339 with its components and functions. For example, it describes the thyroid gland, its structure and development, how thyroid hormones are synthesized and regulated, the role of @entity1496 in thyroid hormone synthesis, and finally how the thyroid hormones are released from the thyroid gland. It then progresses to detail areas within the thyroid system where disruption could occur or is already known to occur. It describes how thyroid hormone is transported in the serum and into the tissues on a cellular level, and how thyroid hormone is metabolized. There is an in-depth description of the alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors and their functions, including how they are regulated, and what has been learned from the receptor knockout @entity19 models. The nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone are also described, such as in @entity413 uptake, mitochondrial effects, and its role in actin polymerization and vesicular recycling. The article discusses the concept of compensation within the @entity2339 and how this fits into the paradigms that exist in thyroid toxicology/endocrinology. There is a section on thyroid hormone and its role in @entity1 development: specifically, how it affects brain development when there is disruption to the maternal, the fetal, the newborn (congenital), or the @entity1 thyroid system. Thyroid function during pregnancy is critical to normal development of the fetus, and several spontaneous mutant @entity19 lines are described that provide research tools to understand the mechanisms of thyroid hormone during @entity1 brain development. Overall this article provides a basic understanding of the thyroid system and its components. The complexity of the thyroid system is clearly demonstrated, as are new areas of research on thyroid hormone physiology and thyroid hormone action developing within the field of thyroid endocrinology. This review provides the background necessary to review the current assays and endpoints described in the following articles for rodents, fishes, amphibians, and birds.

title: General background on the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis', 'HPT axis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis']


abstract: Long-term expression of @entity15252 ( @entity4682 ) has been observed in @entity19 and @entity235 models following administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors into either the portal vein or muscle. These studies were designed to evaluate factors that influence rAAV-mediated @entity4682 expression. Stable and persistent @entity1 @entity4682 (hFIX) expression (> 22 weeks) was observed from 4 vectors after injection into the portal circulation of immunodeficient @entity19 . The level of expression was dependent on promoter with the highest expression, 10% of physiologic levels, observed with a vector containing the cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) @entity14782 /beta-actin promoter complex (CAGG). The kinetics of expression after injection of vector particles into muscle, tail vein, or portal vein were similar with hFIX detectable at 2 weeks and reaching a plateau by 8 weeks. For a given dose, intraportal administration of rAAV CAGG- @entity4682 resulted in a 1.5-fold or 4-fold higher level of hFIX compared to tail vein or intramuscular injections, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated predominant localization of the rAAV @entity4682 genome in liver and spleen after tail vein injection with a higher proportion in liver after portal vein injection. Therapeutic levels of hFIX were detected in the majority of immunocompetent @entity19 (21 of 22) following intravenous administration of rAAV vector without the development of anti-hFIX antibodies, but hFIX was not detected in 14 immunocompetent @entity19 following intramuscular administration, irrespective of strain. Instead, neutralizing anti-hFIX antibodies were detected in all the @entity19 . These observations may have important implications for @entity4777 gene therapy with rAAV vectors.

title: Factors influencing in vivo transduction by recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors expressing the XXXX @entity4682 cDNA.

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The time course and kinetics of force development following activation by opening of L-type @entity141 channels was investigated using photodestruction of the @entity141 channel blocker @entity594 in smooth muscle from the @entity840 taenia coli. 2. In muscles activated using high K+ and @entity141 and subsequently inhibited with @entity594 , photodestruction of the drug using a strong ultraviolet light flash initiated a rapid contraction. The force initiated by photodestruction of @entity594 reached near-maximal levels. This procedure eliminates diffusional delays and can thus be used to investigate the kinetics of depolarization-induced contractions. 3. The rate of force development of contractions initiated by photodestruction of @entity594 was slower than that observed in maximally thiophosphorylated skinned fibres. This suggests the rate of force development is limited by activation steps in the activation cascade prior to the force generation of the cross-bridge system. 4. The rate of force development and the plateau force were dependent on the extracellular [ @entity3282 ] suggesting that the intracellular [ @entity141 ] determines the rate of phosphorylation and force development. The delay between illumination and increase in force was about 300 ms. The delay was similar at low and high extracellular [ @entity3282 ] indicating that buffering by superficial sarcoplasmatic reticulum does not introduce a delay in force development following activation of @entity141 channels in this muscle.

title: Kinetics of contraction in depolarized smooth muscle from XXXX taenia coli after photodestruction of @entity594 .

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: We have combined anatomical and functional methodologies to provide a comprehensive analysis of the properties of nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) on developing @entity935 (DA) neurons of @entity35 . Double-labeling in situ hybridization was used to examine the expression of nAChR subunit mRNAs within developing midbrain DA neurons. As brain maturation progressed there was a change in the pattern of subunit mRNA expression within DA neurons, such that alpha3 and alpha4 subunits declined and alpha6 mRNA increased. Although there were strong similarities in subunit mRNA expression in substantia nigra (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), there was higher expression of alpha4 mRNA in SNc than VTA at gestational day (G) 15, and of alpha5, alpha6 and beta3 mRNAs during postnatal development. Using a superfusion neurotransmitter release paradigm to functionally characterize @entity1239 -stimulated release of @entity7829 from striatal slices, the properties of the nAChRs on DA terminals were also found to change with age. Functional nAChRs were detected on striatal terminals at G18. There was a decrease in maximal release in the first postnatal week, followed by an increase in @entity1239 efficacy and potency during the second and third postnatal weeks. In the transition from adolescence (postnatal days (P) 30 and 40) to adulthood, there was a complex pattern of functional maturation of nAChRs in ventral, but not dorsal, striatum. In males, but not females, there were significant changes in both @entity1239 potency and efficacy during this developmental period. These findings suggest that nAChRs may play critical functional roles throughout DA neuronal maturation.

title: Developmental regulation of nicotinic XXXX receptors within midbrain @entity935 neurons.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: An extensive clinical evaluation was undertaken to assess the value of @entity583 imaging with radioactive @entity972 and analogues. Of 130 @entity1 so examined, 80 were diagnosed as having suffered @entity1188 in the recent or distant past on the basis of all information other than the scan. The radionuclide imaging results were abnormal in 87.5% overall, 97% in acute transmural @entity1188 , and 83% in lesions over 3 weeks old. In 50 @entity1 not considered to have had @entity583 or contusions, apparently false abnormal results were obtained in 15%. These were all @entity1 in whom additional diagnostic help was desired after the ordinary laboratory tests and electrocardiograms. Excellent agreement of @entity1188 location was discovered on comparing radionuclide scans with radiographic contrast ventriculography. On comparing electrocardiograms with scans for @entity1188 location, 85% complete or partial correlation was revealed. Agreement between scan abnormalities and significant-appearing coronary arteriographic lesions was rather poor, causing one to realize that 43K scan abnormalities indicate regions of poor blood extraction by old or recent @entity1188 , rather than just poor regional arterial perfusion. While costly, radionuclide scans often provide worthwhile information about presence or absence of @entity1188 as well as about their location and size. Electrocardiograms and blood enzyme levels each cost less, but are almost always performed in serial fashion. This makes them actually more expensive than a single scan. Furthermore, a normal scan in a @entity1 being considered for acute coronary care may be used as potent argument against the presence of an @entity1188 , thereby saving costly intensive care and monitoring.

title: Evaluation of radioactive @entity972 and its analogues for imaging XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts', 'myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarcts']


abstract: The current standard of care for newly diagnosed @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is resection followed by radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant @entity2903 . Recent studies suggest that nearly half of the @entity1 with early radiological deterioration post treatment do not suffer from @entity5 recurrence but from pseudoprogression. Similarly, a significant number of @entity1 with brain metastases suffer from radiation @entity39 following radiation treatments. Conventional MRI is currently unable to differentiate @entity5 progression from treatment-induced effects. The ability to clearly differentiate @entity5 from non-tumoral tissues is crucial for appropriate @entity1 management. Ten @entity1 with primary @entity1313 and 10 @entity1 with brain metastases were scanned by delayed contrast extravasation MRI prior to surgery. Enhancement subtraction maps calculated from high resolution MR images acquired up to 75 min after contrast administration were used for obtaining stereotactic biopsies. Histological assessment was then compared with the pre-surgical calculated maps. In addition, the application of our maps for prediction of progression was studied in a small cohort of 13 newly diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 undergoing standard chemoradiation and followed up to 19.7 months post therapy. The maps showed two primary enhancement populations: the slow population where contrast clearance from the tissue was slower than contrast accumulation and the fast population where clearance was faster than accumulation. Comparison with histology confirmed the fast population to consist of morphologically active @entity5 and the slow population to consist of non-tumoral tissues. Our maps demonstrated significant correlation with perfusion-weighted MR data acquired simultaneously, although contradicting examples were shown. Preliminary results suggest that early changes in the fast volumes may serve as a predictor for time to progression. These preliminary results suggest that our high resolution MRI-based delayed enhancement subtraction maps may be applied for clear depiction of @entity5 and non-tumoral tissues in @entity1 with primary @entity1313 and @entity1 with brain metastases.

title: Delayed contrast extravasation MRI for depicting @entity5 and non-tumoral tissues in primary and metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: A questionnaire was distributed to @entity565 @entity1 and relatives of paediatric @entity1 in the Royal Brompton Hospital outpatient clinic in London during March 2003. The aim was to determine how well informed those affected by @entity565 and @entity56 were, to find out the best medium for distributing relevant information (e.g. Internet, mobile phones) and to discover the type of information they wished to receive. A total of 298 questionnaires were distributed and all were completed (100% response rate). The level of education of the respondents was high and the majority lived outside the London area. The questionnaire showed that the respondents would like to be informed about a wide range of information related to monitoring and self-management of @entity565 . Avoidance measurements and prevention was the first choice, followed closely by information on substances, and the environment and @entity566 . The Internet was the preferred means of communication with an information service provider. The telephone was also popular, and more popular than the mobile phone. The majority of @entity1 were not willing to pay for an information service.

title: Public perception of realtime information services for environmental monitoring and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Post-surgical stenoses in @entity1 operated upon for tetralogy of Fallot create difficult therapeutic problems. Between November 1985 and November 1988, we performed 17 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties in 13 @entity1 aged from 5 to 15.1 years (7.7 years) for @entity849 branches after correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Group I consisted of stenoses consecutive to palliative anastomoses: 6 dilatations of 5 stenoses in 4 @entity1 . Group II concerned stenoses of the pulmonary artery at the top of widening patch on the pulmonary trunk of bifurcation: 5 dilatations of 5 stenoses in 4 @entity1 . Group III was made of congenital stenoses sometimes located upstream of a widening patch which made them worse: 6 dilatations of 6 stenoses in 5 @entity1 . Angioplasty was performed after catheterization and angiocardiography, the diameter of the balloon being 1.2 to 4-fold that of the @entity850 (mean 2.65). There was no complication. In 7 cases the diameter of the @entity850 increased by 27 to 96 p. 100. In 2 of these cases, this increase produced no change in pulmonary pressures and perfusion. In the remaining 5 cases, regarded as successful, the diameter of the @entity850 increased from 5.7 mm to 9 mm on average, and the right ventricular pressure fell from 62.4 mmHg to 48.8 mmHg; the gradient was reduced by 24 to 50 p. 100 in 4 cases and the lung perfusion was improved in the 5th case. The proportions of successful angioplasties were: 2 out of 6 in group I, zero out of 5 in group II and 3 out of 6 in group III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of XXXX of the pulmonary arteries after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis of pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), failing to lose enough weight or regaining weight is a concern for both @entity1 and healthcare professionals. Our objective was to report the criteria for an early prediction of the failure to lose enough weight in the setting of a private practice and an @entity4207 center of @entity28 surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the 2-year @entity353 profiles of @entity1 after RYGB was performed using nonlinear mixed models. A total of 375 morbidly obese adult @entity1 , with a body mass index of 49.3    7.7 kg/m(2), were included. Weight loss success was determined 2 years after surgery using the percentage of excess @entity353 criteria. The surgical treatment and the main outcome measurement was standardized RYGB and the percentage of excess @entity353 time profiles. RESULTS: The @entity1 who failed, succeeded, or had intermediate results at 2 years after surgery had different percentage of excess @entity353 profiles during this period. At 6 months, 71% of those who had lost <30% of their initial excess weight had not lost >= 50% at 24 months. In contrast, those who had lost >45% were unlikely to have lost <50% of their excess weight. CONCLUSION: An early (month 6) prediction of failure to lose significant weight after RYGB can be made, with the threshold at 30% of the @entity353 . @entity1 who have lost <30% of their initial excess weight are unlikely to have lost >= 50% at 24 months.

title: Early prediction of failure to lose weight after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss', 'initial excess weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) after irradiation ( @entity138 ) for @entity5 BACKGROUND: : @entity1744 is a frequent complication after standard resection of @entity5 . Although the use of @entity138 is increasing, the effect of @entity138 on risk of @entity1744 is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results @entity5 registry data linked to Medicare claims data to determine the effect of @entity138 on risk of @entity1744 . @entity1 65 years of age and older diagnosed with nonmetastatic invasive @entity5 treated with standard resection from 1986 through 1999 were included. We determined whether @entity1 had undergone @entity138 and evaluated the effect of @entity138 and timing of @entity138 on the incidence of admission to hospital for @entity1744 , adjusting for potential confounders using a proportional hazards model. RESULTS: We identified a total of 5606 @entity1 who met our selection criteria: 1994 (36%) underwent @entity138 , 74% postoperatively. @entity1 were followed for a mean of 3.8 years. A total of 614 @entity1 were admitted for @entity1744 over the study period; 15% of @entity1 in the @entity138 group and 9% of @entity1 in the nonirradiated group (P < 0.001). After controlling for age, sex, race, diagnosis year, type of surgery, and stage, we found that @entity1 who underwent postoperative @entity138 were at higher risk of @entity1744 , hazard ratio 1.69 (95% CI, 1.3-2.1). However, the long-term risk associated with preoperative irradiation was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.55-1.46). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative but not preoperative @entity138 after standard resection of @entity5 results in an increased risk of @entity1744 over time.

title: Postoperative irradiation for XXXX increases the risk of @entity1744 after surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['SBO', 'small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) following @entity583 ( @entity741 ) is small. This may be due to differences in cellular sources and donor age, route of administration, in vitro cellular manipulations and the short time course of follow up in many animal studies. Here, we compared MSCs from two different sources (adult bone marrow or Wharton's jelly from umbilical cord) for their long-term therapeutic effect following @entity741 in a @entity35 model to evaluate the effect of donor age. MSCs (or control infusions) were given intravenously 24-48 hr after @entity741 ( @entity741 ) induced by coronary artery ligation. Cardiac function was assessed by ultrasound at time points starting from before MSC infusion through 68 weeks after @entity741 . A significant improvement in ejection fraction was seen in animals that received MSCs in time points 25 to 31 wks after treatment (p < 0.01). These results support previous work that show that MSCs can cause improvement in cardiac function and extend that work by showing that the beneficial effects are durable. To investigate MSCs' cardiac differentiation potential, Wharton's jelly MSCs were co-cultured with fetal or adult bone-derived marrow MSCs. When Wharton's jelly MSCs were co-cultured with fetal MSCs, and not with adult MSCs, myotube structures were observed in two-three days and spontaneous contractions (beating) cells were observed in fiveseven days. The beating structures formed a functional syncytium indicated by coordinated contractions (beating) of independent nodes. Taken together, these results suggest that MSCs given 24-48 hr after @entity741 have a significant and durable beneficial effect more than 25 weeks after @entity741 and that MSC treatment can home to damaged tissue and improve heart function after intravenous infusion 24-48 hrs after @entity741 , and that WJCs may be a useful source for off-the-shelf cellular therapy for @entity741 .

title: Wharton's jelly or bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells improve cardiac function following @entity583 for more than 32 weeks in a XXXX model: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of a novel anesthetic gel ( @entity3303 25 mg/g plus @entity5403 25 mg/g in thermosetting agents) for non-invasive periodontal pocket anesthesia was evaluated. METHODS: One hundred twenty-two (122) @entity1 in 8 centers with moderate to severe @entity2521 requiring scaling and root planing (SRP) were enrolled in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. The active dental gel or a matching placebo gel was applied into the periodontal pocket using a blunt applicator. Following a waiting period of 30 seconds to 2 minutes, scaling and root planing were performed. If the @entity1 had any discomfort, a second application of the gel was applied. If the @entity1 continued to experience discomfort, conventional anesthesia was offered. After all teeth in the test quadrant had received SRP, the overall @entity158 was assessed by the @entity1 using a 100 mm horizontal, ungraded visual analog scale in which the left side was marked "no @entity158 " and the right side marked "worst @entity158 imaginable." @entity1 also assessed @entity158 by using a 5-point verbal rating scale, from "no @entity158 " to "very severe @entity158 ." RESULTS: The visual analog scale showed significant reductions in reported @entity158 , favoring the active gel over the placebo (mean reduction, 8 mm; P <0.0005). The verbal rating scale revealed that 90% of @entity1 treated with active gel reported no @entity158 or mild @entity158 compared to 64% of placebo-treated @entity1 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Intrapocket administration of @entity3303 25 mg/g plus @entity5403 25 mg/g and thermosetting agents may be effective for @entity158 control for scaling and root planing and may offer an alternative to infiltration anesthesia.

title: Intrapocket anesthesia for scaling and root planing: results of a double-blind multicenter trial using @entity3303 XXXX dental gel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity5403 :: (MESH:D011318,Chemical) :: ['prilocaine']


abstract: 1. The uptake of @entity18490 by isolated @entity35 liver mitochondria proceeds by two different mechanisms, a passive binding, and a mechanism sensitive to CCCP plus @entity9942 , with different pH, temperature and time dependencies. 2. The @entity6320 plus @entity9942 -sensitive uptake of @entity18490 parallels the transmembrane @entity972 gradient ([K+in]/[K+out]). 3. Only that @entity18490 taken up in parallel to the transmembrane @entity972 gradient is accessible to @entity42136 . 4. The uptake of @entity18490 at high concentrations is followed by series of damaging effects on the mitochondria: uncoupling, dissipation of the mitochondrial energy potential, increased ion permeability and leakage of endogenous @entity972 . 5. The detrimental effects of @entity7889 at high concentrations on mitochondrial structure might explain the apparently unrelated metabolic aberrations characteristic of certain porphyric diseases.

title: Studies on the uptake of porphyrin by isolated XXXX liver mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity9942 :: ('MESH:D014634', 'Chemical') :: ['valinomycin']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity18490 :: ('MESH:C028839', 'Chemical') :: ['deuteroporphyrin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Activation of @entity4357 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) by receptor @entity669 kinases for growth factors is crucial for neuronal cell survival and proliferation. This class of kinases is comprised of heterodimers, each consisting of one regulatory and one catalytic subunit. Multiple isoforms of regulatory subunits exist, including @entity3115 and its alternative splice products @entity3115 and AS53/ @entity3115 , and @entity42633 and @entity42634 (PIK), which are derived from different genes. The regional distribution of these PI 3-kinase regulatory isoforms was mapped in the adult @entity19 brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry. All isoforms were demonstrated in abundance in choroid plexus and anterior pituitary. In neuronal compartments, however, PI 3-kinase isoforms were distributed in a regionally specific manner. In general, the mRNAs for @entity3115 , @entity3115 , AS53, and @entity42633 were widespread, with the highest level in the olfactory system, in neuronal groups of the forebrain and hypothalamus, in the hippocampus, cortex, inferior and superior colliculus, pituitary, and cerebellum. However, each isoform had specific variations. Lower expression levels of these isoforms were found in the thalamus, diencephalon, mesencephalon, and brainstem. In contrast, abundant mRNA expression of @entity42634 (PIK) was limited to cerebellum and anterior pituitary, with moderate levels of @entity42634 (PIK) in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus and low levels elsewhere. The distribution pattern of PI 3-kinase isoforms in the brain indicates pluripotent signaling properties for PI 3-kinase isoforms @entity3115 , @entity3115 , AS53/ @entity3115 , and @entity42633 for a variety of receptor @entity669 kinases, whereas the restricted expression of @entity42634 (PIK) implies a regionally specific role for this isoform in neuronal signaling. The unique integrated expression profiles of PI 3-kinase isoforms in distinct neuronal compartments denote complex intracellular signaling pathways for each neuronal region to ensure specificity of receptor @entity669 kinase signal transduction.

title: Region-specific mRNA expression of XXXX 3-kinase regulatory isoforms in the central nervous system of C57BL/6J @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: Heparin-induced @entity882 is a rare and serious reaction to unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins in @entity1 . Quick recognition, discontinuation of heparin, and subsequent treatment with an alternative anticoagulant are essential steps to prevent serious complications such as @entity715 and limb amputation. The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical features of heparin-induced @entity882 in @entity1 and to summarize the data available for its management. This paper summarizes data and relates the use of direct @entity556 inhibitors with clinical outcomes. A literature search was conducted with Ovid, using the key terms @entity20806 , bivalirudin, hirulog, @entity10269 , lepirudin, direct @entity556 inhibitor, heparin-induced @entity882 , @entity715 , @entity1229 , and fondaparinux. Articles were excluded if they were classified as editorials, review articles, or conference abstracts or if they involved @entity1 18 years of age or older or described disease states not related to @entity715 . Nineteen articles containing 33 case reports were identified and evaluated for this review. Of the 33 cases, 14, 10, 4, and 2 cases described the use of lepirudin, @entity10269 , argatroban, and bivalirudin, respectively. Two cases did not report the type of anticoagulant used, and 1 case used @entity117 . The most commonly reported complication was @entity548 .

title: Heparin-induced XXXX in the pediatric population: a review of current literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity20806 :: ('MESH:C031942', 'Chemical') :: ['argatroban']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10269 :: ('MESH:C035838', 'Chemical') :: ['danaparoid']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: Twenty six @entity1 (20 male, 6 female, aged 50 +/- 14) with recurrent episodes of @entity955 or @entity956 (Af/AF) associated with @entity3153 were retrospectively studied and followed. During Af/AF, 17 @entity1 showed ventricular preexcitation. Of them, 15 @entity1 had hypotention, 8 @entity1163 , 4 precipitating @entity712 and 4 spontanous degenerated into @entity2224 . Hypotention was found only in 2 of the 9 @entity1 without pre-excited ventricular beats. The mean shortest prexcited R-R intervals of the former were shorter (247 +/- 47 ms) and the average ventricular rates (198 +/- 43 beat/min) were faster than those of the latter (393 +/- 80 ms _ 144 +/- 22 beat/min) respectively (P < 0.01). When pre-excited Af/AF occurred, both cardioversion and antiarrhythmic agents of class I and II had marked effect in terminating the Af/AF or slowing pre-exicted ventricular responses. Digitalis and @entity1855 caused deterioration in the clinical condition of 6 @entity1 (4 with hypotention, one @entity1163 , and one @entity2224 ). Management of @entity1 for WPW complicating Af/AF without pre-excited QRS was the same as for the ordinary Af/AF. Over a period of 53 +/- 44 months of follow-up, 5 died (3 of @entity944 , one of @entity712 , and one of noncardiac cause) in the group with preexcited Af/AF, but all of the @entity1 without preexcited QRS during Af/AF were alive. Conclusion, clinical severity, response to the treatment, and long-term prognosis of @entity1 of WPW with preexcited Af/AF are different from those without.

title: [The clinical features and long-term follow-up of XXXX or @entity956 complicating @entity3153 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['WPW syndrome']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity6459 (CD105) is a receptor for the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) with crucial role in vascular development and angiogenesis. Additionally, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) overexpression has been associated with advanced stage and poor survival for several @entity5 types. These molecules have been shown to be useful markers for identifying proliferating endothelium involved in @entity5 angiogenesis, especially in @entity1 with @entity5 at risk of developing @entity3 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity7 and @entity6459 expression in an experimental model of @entity14 , as well as to investigate the effect of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors on @entity5 development incidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity694 was induced with @entity20132 ( @entity18399 ). @entity12698 and @entity3522 treatment was started simultaneously with @entity18399 induction. @entity6459 protein expression was performed using western blot analysis. @entity7 plasma concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In histopathological evaluations, no pathological change was observed in control @entity35 , while @entity420 (62.5%), @entity1141 (31.25%) and @entity32 (6.25%) were detected in the group given @entity18399 . In treatment groups, a marked decrease was observed in @entity420 rate. Expression of @entity6459 protein was significantly elevated in the @entity18399 group compared to controls (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was noted between treatment groups and @entity18399 group regarding @entity6459 expression but a decrease was detected in the @entity12698 -treated groups. CONCLUSION: It was confirmed by histopathology and western blotting that @entity3840 inhibitors, particularly @entity12698 , decrease the rate of disease and slow-down progression of existing @entity14 . These data show that @entity6459 expression may have an important role in @entity5 angiogenesis and predict of @entity5 invasion.

title: Expression of @entity6459 and XXXX as Prognostic Markers in Experimental @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['Celecoxib', 'celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1', 'TGFb1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity20132 :: ('CHEBI:73759', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor']


abstract: @entity460 channel blockers are now widely used for the treatment of @entity65 . However, data concerning their effects on intestinal motility in vivo are still rather fragmentary. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of three prototype @entity460 channel blockers ( @entity594 , @entity1855 and @entity3988 ) on intestinal motility in five fasting, conscious @entity235 fitted with electrodes and strain-gauges along the small bowel. The myoelectric data were analyzed by a recently developed and validated computer program which allows accurate monitoring of intestinal spike activity. The mechanical data were analyzed by calculating a motility index. After recording of at least two migrating motor complexes (control), an i.v. infusion of one of the following @entity460 channel blockers was maintained for 3 h: 0.29 or 0.87 mumol/kg per h @entity594 , 1.02 or 2.04 mumol/kg per h @entity1855 and 1.11 or 2.22 mumol/kg per h @entity3988 . @entity594 0.29 mumol/kg per h significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) spike activity and motility index during phases II and III without disrupting migrating motor complex cycling. The higher dose suppressed migrating motor complex cycling and almost completely abolished both spike and mechanical activities. The two doses of @entity1855 had effects similar to those of the two doses of @entity594 . Both doses of @entity3988 significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) spike activity and motility index during phases II and III without disrupting migrating motor complex cycling. We conclude that all the agents tested, apart from their well known cardiovascular effects, also have a profound inhibitory effect on intestinal motility in vivo, the order of potency being @entity594 greater than @entity1855 greater than @entity3988 . The search for more selective @entity460 channel blockers for the treatment of @entity1944 with minimal cardiovascular effects is warranted.

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity460 channel blockers on intestinal motility in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal motor disorders']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: In our study we tried to evaluate systolic and diastolic function in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) by using some echocardiographic parameters and invasively measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). We studied 19 @entity1 with @entity712 NYHA II-III at rest, at the end of isometric exercise (handgrip) and during a bicycle stress test. Right heart catheterization and echocardiography were simultaneously performed. We measured exchange of blood gases, end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume ( @entity5778 ), ejection fraction (EF), peak E velocity, peak A velocity, E/A ratio, deceleration time of E wave (DT), time of @entity339 ( @entity339 ) and effective filling period of left ventricle (FP). We divided @entity1 according to the median of PCWP at rest into two groups: group A with PCWP< or =11 mmHg (10 pts), group B with PCWP>11 mmHg (9 pts). In group A mean PCWP at rest was 6+/-2 mmHg, during handgrip 12+/-4 mmHg and during bicycle exercise 18+/-6 mmHg. In group B mean values of PCWP were 19+/-6 mmHg, 26+/-11 mmHg and 33+/-5 mmHg, respectively. All values were significantly higher in group B (P<0.01). There was a significant difference in pVO2: in group A 18.8+/-3.5 vs. 14.7+/-3.3 ml/kg per min in group B (P<0.03). No differences between the groups were noticed in EDV, @entity5778 and EF. The E/A ratio in group A was less than 1, in group B greater than 1 with the restrictive pattern. No differences between the groups were observed in @entity339 and FP at rest. During bicycle exercise, @entity339 was significantly longer (284+/-98 vs. 164+/-79 ms; P<0.05) and FP shorter (322+/-99 vs. 421+/-74 ms; P<0.05) in group B than in group A. The functional capacity of @entity1 with @entity712 is influenced not only by EF and other systolic variables, but also by filling conditions. The duration of effective diastole may be one of the most important of them.

title: Systolic and diastolic function in @entity1 with XXXX at rest and during exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies suggest that @entity1261 prevents @entity299 following @entity583 ( @entity583 ) likely through regeneration of the myocardium and coronary vessels. However, it remains unclear whether @entity1261 administered at the onset of reperfusion prevents @entity63 /reperfusion injury in the acute phase. We investigated acute effects of @entity1261 on @entity583 size and the incidence of lethal @entity943 and evaluated the involvement of the @entity4357 -3 kinase (PI3K) in the in vivo @entity235 models. METHODS: In open-chest @entity235 , left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 90 minutes followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. We intravenously administered @entity1261 (0.33 micro/kg/min) for 30 minutes from the onset of reperfusion. @entity2307 , a PI3K inhibitor, was selectively administered into the LAD after the onset of reperfusion. RESULTS: @entity1261 significantly (p<0.05) reduced @entity583 size (38.7+/-4.3% to 15.7+/-5.3%) and the incidence of @entity2224 during reperfusion periods (50% to 0%) compared with the control. @entity1261 enhanced Akt phospholylation in ischemic @entity235 myocardium. Wortmannin blunted both the @entity1188 size-limiting and anti-arrhythmic effects of @entity1261 . @entity1261 did not change myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophil accumulation, in the @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: An intravenous administration of @entity1261 at the onset of reperfusion attenuates @entity63 /reperfusion injury through PI3K/Akt pathway in the in vivo model. @entity1261 administration can be a promising candidate for the adjunctive therapy for @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mediates cardioprotection against XXXX /reperfusion injury via @entity4357 -3-kinase/Akt pathway in @entity235 hearts.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['Wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'myocardial infarct', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography (MV CBCT) to measure interfractional variation in @entity2 position. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight non-small-cell @entity2 @entity1 participated in the study, 4 with respiratory gating and 4 without. All @entity1 underwent MV CBCT scanning at weekly intervals. Contoured planning CT and MV CBCT images were spatially registered based on vertebral anatomy, and displacements of the @entity5 centroid determined. Setup error was assessed by comparing weekly portal orthogonal radiographs with digitally reconstructed radiographs generated from planning CT images. Hypothesis testing was performed to test the statistical significance of the volume difference, centroid displacement, and setup uncertainty. RESULTS: The vertebral bodies and soft tissue portions of @entity5 within lung were visible on the MV CBCT scans. Statistically significant systematic volume decrease over the course of treatment was observed for 1 @entity1 . The average centroid displacement between simulation CT and MV CBCT scans were 2.5 mm, -2.0 mm, and -1.5 mm with standard deviations of 2.7 mm, 2.7 mm, and 2.6 mm in the right-left, anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions. The mean setup errors were smaller than the centroid shifts, while the standard deviations were comparable. In most cases, the gross @entity5 volume (GTV) defined on the MV CBCT was located on average at least 5 mm inside a 10 mm expansion of the GTV defined on the planning CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: The MV CBCT technique can be used to image @entity2 and may prove valuable for image-guided radiotherapy. Our conclusions must be verified in view of the small @entity1 number.

title: Observation of interfractional variations in XXXX position using respiratory gated and ungated megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Suprapancreatic @entity253 associated with blunt @entity1661 is extremely rare. Therefore, no definitive treatment modality for this stricture has been fully established. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and long-term follow-up of endoscopic treatment for suprapancreatic @entity253 following blunt @entity1661 . METHODS: Data from the institution's prospectively collected endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) database, medical records, radiological findings, and @entity130 registry with operative records were used to identify @entity1 with suprapancreatic @entity253 associated with blunt @entity1661 . RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (six @entity1 and two @entity1 ) with a median age of 36 yr (interquartile range [IQR] 29-53 yr) were included in this study. The median interval between the initial @entity130 and the onset of symptoms was 23 days (IQR 16-51 days). The median length of @entity253 was 1 cm (IQR 0.6-1 cm). Endoscopic plastic stent placement was successfully performed in all @entity1 included in the study. The median duration of stent placement was 2 months (IQR 2-2.8 months). Follow-up ERCP showed improved or resolved @entity253 in all @entity1 . There was no recurrence of symptoms after the removal of the stents; therefore, surgery was unnecessary in these @entity1 . Long-term follow-up (median 33 months) was also excellent. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic plastic stent placement may be a good candidate for first-line management for suprapancreatic @entity253 following blunt @entity1661 . Furthermore, the long-term results for this type of @entity253 with endoscopic stent placement may be excellent.

title: Endoscopic treatment for suprapancreatic XXXX following blunt @entity1661 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures', 'biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary stricture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) is a rare malignancy with an incidence of 1.0 per million per year in the Netherlands. Median survival varies according to the European Network for the Study of @entity5 (ENS@T) @entity5 stage. It is unknown whether time until development of @entity3 is of influence on prognosis. To asses this, data were retrospectively obtained from centres of the Dutch Adrenal Network. @entity1 who presented with @entity1636 between January 1, 2004 and October 31, 2013 were included. Date of detection of @entity3 , number of @entity3 and affected organs were registered. One hundred sixty @entity1 were included in the analysis. Synchronous @entity3 were defined as diagnosis of @entity3 <= 6  months after the initial diagnosis of @entity1636 . Overall survival rate was calculated from the date of diagnosis of @entity3 until death from any cause. At first presentation, 50 @entity1 (31  %) had @entity1636 with @entity3 (ENS@T stage IV). Another 67 (42  %) developed @entity3 during follow-up. Amongst the 117 @entity1 with @entity3 , 84 (72  %) @entity1 had synchronous @entity3 and 33 (28  %) developed metachronous @entity3 . Diagnosis of synchronous @entity3 (p   =   0.046), more than one affected organ (p   <   0.001) and four or more @entity3 (p   <   0.001) were found to be associated with reduced overall survival. Limitations included retrospective design and limited details regarding pathological data. We conclude that synchronous @entity3 of @entity1636 are associated with a poorer prognosis compared to metachronous @entity3 of @entity1636 . The clinical characteristics associated with prognosis in this study support the view to refine the prognostic classification for @entity1 with stage IV @entity1636 .

title: Synchronous vs. Metachronous Metastases in XXXX : an Analysis of the Dutch Adrenal Network.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal Tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['Adrenocortical Carcinoma']


abstract: This study examined whether antidepressants delay the need for dopaminergic therapy or change the degree of @entity73 and disability in a population of early @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 . Preclinical studies have indicated that antidepressants modulate signaling pathways involved in cell survival and plasticity, suggesting they may serve to both treat @entity191 and slow disease progression. A @entity1 -level meta-analysis included 2064 @entity1 from the treatment and placebo arms of the following trials: FS1, FS-TOO, ELLDOPA, QE2, @entity23261 , and PRECEPT. @entity308 severity was determined at baseline, and antidepressant use was reported in a medication log each visit. Kaplan-Meier curves and time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models determined associations between @entity308 severity and antidepressant use with the primary outcome, time to initiation of dopaminergic therapy. ANCOVAs determined associations with the secondary outcome, degree of @entity73 and disability, reported as annualized change in UPDRS scores from baseline to final visit. When controlling for baseline @entity308 , the initiation of dopaminergic therapy was delayed for subjects taking tricyclic antidepressants compared with those not taking antidepressants. No significant differences were found in UPDRS scores for subjects taking antidepressants compared with those not taking antidepressants. Tricyclic antidepressants are associated with a delay in reaching the end point of need to start dopaminergic therapy. The lack of change in overall UPDRS scores suggests the delay was not attributable to symptomatic effects.

title: Tricyclic antidepressants delay the need for dopaminergic therapy in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD-associated depression', "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Growth promoting signals from the epicardium are essential for driving myocardial proliferation during embryogenesis. In adults, these signals become reactivated following injury and promote angiogenesis and @entity296 . Therefore, identification of such paracrine factors could lead to novel therapeutic strategies. The multi-functional peptide adrenomedullin (Adm 5 gene, @entity41158 protein) is required for normal heart development. Moreover, elevated plasma AM following @entity583 offers beneficial cardioprotection and serves as a powerful diagnostic and prognostic indication of disease severity. RESULTS: Here, we developed a new model of Adm overexpression by stabilizing the Adm mRNA through gene-targeted replacement of the endogenous 30 untranslated region. As expected, Admhi/hi @entity19 express three-times more AM than controls in multiple tissues, including the heart. Despite normal blood pressures, Admhi/hi @entity19 unexpectedly showed significantly enlarged hearts due to increased @entity299 during development. The targeting vector was designed to allow for reversion to wild-type levels by means of Cre-mediated modification. Using this approach, we demonstrate that AM derived from the epicardium, but not the myocardium or cardiac fibroblast, is responsible for driving @entity1373 . CONCLUSIONS: AM is produced by the epicardium and drives myocyte proliferation during development, thus representing a novel and clinically relevant factor potentially related to mechanisms of cardiac repair after injury.

title: Epicardial-derived adrenomedullin drives XXXX during embryogenesis.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial repair']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyocyte hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) presents as a @entity1319 problem due to medial @entity16 . The symptoms are disabling and challenging to manage. We evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin in the management of @entity1319 . METHODS: A retrospective review of 16 @entity1 with @entity1319 managed by botulinum toxin A injection into one or more extraocular muscles over the past 20 years was performed. The age, sex, etiology, symptoms, angle of deviation, and binocular function pre- and postinjection were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 45.1 years with a male/female ratio of 9:7. The most common etiologies included @entity548 in five and @entity15 in four. After injection @entity892 reduced in 14 (87.5%), appearance improved in 9 (56.3%), and the head posture improved in 4 (25%). Convergence recovered in two @entity1 (12.5%) and stereopsis improved in three @entity1 (18.8%). Complications included transient @entity1736 in one @entity1 , and one @entity1 had an overcorrection. Two @entity1 complained of transient vertical @entity892 that resolved within 3 weeks. At final follow-up, five (31.5%) @entity1 continued on maintenance injections, three (18.8%) were stable and discharged, while the rest were managed by occlusion (five), prisms (one), or surgery (two). CONCLUSIONS: We report on the management of @entity1319 by botulinum toxin. Benefit was noted in terms of reduced @entity892 and occasionally improved binocular function. Though the benefits are limited by the need for repeated injections, for @entity1 with this debilitating condition, botulinum toxin provides some symptomatic relief.

title: Botulinum toxin in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal fasciculus damage']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['INO', 'Internuclear ophthalmoplegia', 'complex ocular motility']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['internuclear ophthalmoplegia']


abstract: Poisoning from the oleander plant is common. Taking advantage of the high cross-reactivity of @entity40914 , the major cardiac glycoside found in the oleander plant, we demonstrated that the serum @entity8451 assay can be successfully used for the rapid diagnosis of @entity4968 . @entity8451 is rarely used for treatment of @entity299 in the United States and has a therapeutic range of 19.7 to 39.3 nmol/L. In a typical @entity4968 , serum @entity40914 concentrations may reach 174 mmol/L or more. A serum specimen supplemented with 174 mmol/L of @entity40914 containing no @entity8451 showed an apparent @entity8451 concentration of 1,272.1 nmol/L, a very high value compared with the range of the serum @entity8451 assay, which is 2.6 to 104.8 nmol/L. Moreover, the response of the serum @entity8451 assay with serum specimens containing various concentrations of @entity40914 (and no @entity8451 ) is linear. Therefore, the @entity40914 concentration in serum can be calculated from the apparent @entity8451 concentration to access the severity of @entity4968 . Recently, the usefulness of the digoxin-specific @entity1334 antibody fragment in the treatment of @entity4968 has been described; however, no laboratory test was performed to demonstrate the progress of therapy. We demonstrated that the digoxin-specific @entity1334 antibody can bind @entity40914 in vitro, thus reducing the pharmacologically active free @entity40914 . Because @entity1334 and @entity40914 bound to @entity1334 are absent in the protein-free ultrafiltrates, monitoring the activity of free @entity40914 in the ultrafiltrates can be used for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy.

title: Rapid detection of @entity4968 using fluorescence polarization immunoassay for XXXX . Effect of treatment with digoxin-specific @entity1334 antibody fragment (ovine).

entities_list: @entity8451 :: ('MESH:D004074', 'Chemical') :: ['digitoxin', 'Digitoxin']

entities_list: @entity40914 :: ('MESH:C021065', 'Chemical') :: ['oleandrin']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['oleander poisoning', 'poisoning']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

answer: @entity8451 :: (MESH:D004074,Chemical) :: ['digitoxin']


abstract: The dendritic morphology in neocortical grafts was studied with three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy after microinjection of Lucifer Yellow into individual cells. The grafts had been implanted into @entity1188 in the neocortex of @entity101 @entity35 46 weeks earlier. The @entity18788 dye method was used to identify afferent (host to transplant) and efferent (transplant to host) connections. Pyramidal, nonpyramidal and glial cells were present in the transplants. Some dendrites had an almost normal appearance, but abnormalities (atypical orientation of apical, basal or oblique apical dendrites) were observed. Some bi-apical pyramidal neurons and pyramidal neurons with obliquely oriented apical dendrites were also observed. @entity18788 dye-labelled fibres of different diameter formed a dense network in the transplant, enabling the border between transplant and host tissue to be clearly recognized. No labelled fibres were observed to enter the host brain. Fibres with "boutons en passant" and no preferential orientation were noted. It is proposed that Lucifer Yellow microinjection may be a useful method in studies aimed at improving graft morphology. Failure to demonstrate host to transplant connections with the @entity18788 dye method was contrary to earlier studies in which tracers were applied in vivo. A combined use of in-vivo and post-mortem tracer techniques is needed to establish the reason for the discrepancy.

title: Neuronal and fibre organization in neocortical grafts placed in post-ischaemic adult XXXX brain: a three-dimensional confocal microscopy study.

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct cavities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity18788 :: ('CHEBI:52218', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbocyanine', 'carbocyanine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Reported @entity116 cases and @entity116 @entity204 have declined substantially since widespread implementation of @entity116 immunization. However, preventable morbidity and mortality continue to occur. During 1979-1984, 74-95 cases of @entity116 were reported annually to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and 20-31 @entity204 were reported annually by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). To evaluate further the health impact of @entity116 , the authors assessed the completeness of national @entity116 mortality data. They reviewed @entity116 case report forms received at CDC from the states and NCHS multiple-cause-of- @entity204 tapes for 1979-1984. CDC reports recorded 129 @entity204 and NCHS mortality tapes 197 @entity204 . Year of @entity204 , state, age, and sex were used to match CDC and NCHS @entity204 , identifying 78 @entity204 reported to both sources. Using the methodology of Chandra Sekar and Deming, the authors estimated the actual number of @entity116 @entity204 for 1979-1984 to be 326 (95% confidence interval 291-361). Based on this estimate, the completeness of reporting to CDC was 40%, to NCHS 60%, and to the combined systems 76%. To evaluate the reasons for underreporting, the authors contacted 14 states that had reported greater than or equal to 10 cases of @entity116 to CDC during 1979-1984 to obtain @entity204 certificates for all @entity116 @entity204 and additional information on all @entity116 cases. Thirteen states submitted 108 @entity204 certificates for review. Coding and other @entity2246 did not explain the low reporting efficiency. Failure to list @entity116 as a cause of @entity204 on the @entity204 certificate was the primary reason for nonreporting of @entity116 @entity204 to NCHS. These results suggest that NCHS @entity116 mortality data may not be as complete as previously assumed and that @entity116 mortality, and probably morbidity, are higher than previous reports have indicated.

title: Assessment of vital statistics and surveillance data for monitoring XXXX mortality, United States, 1979-1984.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['systematic errors']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: Excision of the eyeball was done in 23 cases with diagnosis of @entity995 in a medical college of Calcutta. Of them, 21 cases were histologically proved to be @entity995 . A clinicopathological study of these 21 cases was done. @entity995 @entity1 were between 5.5 and 71 months of age, 57.1% were females, in 90.4% cases there was unilateral involvement and left eye was affected in 68.4% @entity1 . All the @entity1 had negative family history. Majority of the @entity1 (85.7%) presented with leucocoria. Multiple presenting features were present in 5 @entity1 . Aqueous humour cytology revealed malignant cells in 9.5% @entity1 . Imprint cytology of cut end of optic nerve stump was negative for malignant cells in all the cases. Histopathological study revealed presence of Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes in 23.8%, pseudorosettes in 28.6%, anterior chamber involvement in 38%, choroid invasion in 42.8%, optic nerve involvement in 28.6%, @entity39 in 28.6% and calcification in 9.5% cases. After one year of follow-up, none developed any @entity3 except one @entity1 who had developed intracranial @entity3 .

title: An observational study on XXXX cases attending a medical college in Calcutta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childhood abuse is a major global and public health problem associated with a myriad of adverse outcomes across the life course. Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality during the perinatal period. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between experiences of @entity734 and suicidal ideation in pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between exposure to @entity734 and suicidal ideation among pregnant @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,964 pregnant @entity1 attending prenatal clinics, in Lima, Peru. Childhood abuse was assessed using the Childhood Physical and @entity458 . @entity308 and suicidal ideation were assessed using the @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9 scale. Logistic regression procedures were performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of @entity734 in this cohort was 71.8% and antepartum suicidal ideation was 15.8%. The prevalence of antepartum suicidal ideation was higher among @entity1 who reported experiencing any @entity734 compared to those reporting none (89.3% vs. 10.7%, P<0.0001). After adjusting for potential confounders, including antepartum @entity308 and lifetime intimate partner violence, those with history of any @entity734 had a 2.9-fold (adjusted odds ratios; 95% confidence intervals: 2.12-3.97) increased odds of reporting suicidal ideation. @entity1 who experienced both physical and sexual @entity734 had much higher odds of suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratios =4.04; 95% confidence intervals: 2.88-5.68). @entity1 who experienced any @entity734 and reported @entity308 had 3.44-fold (adjusted odds ratios; 95% confidence intervals: 1.84-6.43) increased odds of suicidal ideation compared with depressed @entity1 with no history of @entity734 . Finally, the odds of suicidal ideation increased with increased number of @entity734 events experienced (P-value for trend<0.001). CONCLUSION: Maternal history of @entity734 was associated with increased odds of antepartum suicidal ideation. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the potential increased risk of suicidal behaviors among pregnant @entity1 with a history of childhood physical and @entity458 .

title: Childhood Abuse and Suicidal Ideation in a Cohort of Pregnant Peruvian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['childhood abuse']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual Abuse Questionnaire', 'sexual abuse']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To document the initial treatment of displaced @entity174 among older adults across multiple @entity130 centers and to investigate the factors that influence the decision to operate and the choice of operative procedure [ @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) vs. @entity572 ( @entity572 )]. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: Fifteen US level-I @entity130 centers participating in the Major Extremity @entity130 Research Consortium. @entity1 / @entity1 : Overall, 269 @entity1 aged 60 years or older admitted for the treatment of a displaced @entity174 . INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Treatment. RESULTS: Sixty percent of @entity174 (n = 162) were treated operatively. Younger age (<80 years), injury from high-energy mechanism, @entity174 with @entity2738 , and @entity174 without hip congruency were significantly associated with receiving operative treatment (P < 0.05). Significant site variation in operative versus nonoperative treatment occurred even after accounting for these factors (P = 0.0044). Among operatively treated @entity1 , 88% (n = 142) received @entity1538 and 12% (n = 20) received @entity572 as the initial treatment. @entity1 were more likely to be treated with initial @entity572 compared with @entity1 ; of the known risk factors for poor outcomes with @entity1538 (ie, dome or roof impaction, @entity2738 , or posterior wall involvement), only dome impaction was significantly associated with receiving initial @entity572 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Currently, no treatment guidelines exist for @entity174 in older adults, which likely explains the significant site variation in operative versus nonoperative treatment. This study identifies @entity1 and injury factors that drive treatment decisions, which will be important in planning and designing future trials needed to determine the best treatment for these @entity174 .

title: Variation in Treatment of Displaced @entity174 Among 15 Level-I XXXX Centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['ORIF', 'open reduction internal fixation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular fractures', 'fractures', 'acetabular fracture']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head impaction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Our previous clinical study indicated that @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are both involved in keloid regression following flashlamp pulsed-dye laser (PDL). To further characterize of this involvement, this work examined whether PDL suppression of @entity2533 expression was mediated through MAPK pathway in cultured @entity12347 ( @entity12347 ). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary culture of @entity12347 harvested from keloid @entity1 received various dosages of PDL treatment in 585-nm wavelength. @entity2533 expressions in @entity12347 following various dosages of PDL were assessed. Additionally, MAPK pathway activities were studied using the @entity4286 (an @entity3963 inhibitor), @entity1441 (a @entity3963 kinase inhibitor), and @entity4287 (a JNK inhibitor), to determine the role in keloid following PDL treatment. @entity1178 ( @entity1178 ), a transcription factor of TGF-beta, was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Phosphorylated @entity1178 , one of the components of @entity1178 , was also detected. RESULTS: The observation results demonstrated that optimal dosages of PDL significantly suppressed @entity12347 proliferation and @entity2533 expression. EMSA study identified PDL downregulation of super-shift of @entity1178 . Three subtypes of MAPK cascades were augmented between 30 minutes and 4 hours following PDL treatment, particularly phosphorylation of @entity1366 and @entity3963 . Pre-treatment with @entity4286 , @entity1441 , but not @entity4287 , markedly inhibited the downregulating effects of @entity2533 and phosphorylated @entity1178 expression following PDL treatment. CONCLUSION: PDL induced keloid regression is mediated by triggering MAPK cascades and blockade of @entity1178 transcription and TGF-beta expression. Modulation of TGF-beta and MAPK interaction in keloids may provide specific targets for therapeutic intervention.

title: Flashlamp pulsed-dye laser suppressed XXXX expression and proliferation in cultured @entity12347 is mediated by MAPK pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12347 :: ('MESH:D007627', 'Disease') :: ['KF', 'keloid fibroblasts']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity235 @entity2346 externa, an @entity32 of the external ear canal, can be maintained and worsened by @entity2348 . For topical treatment, combinations of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial ingredients are mainly used. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to elucidate the in vitro activity of @entity6414 and @entity5897 against clinical bacterial isolates from three European countries, to investigate possible differences in sensitivity and to assess drug interactions. ANIMALS: Seventeen strains of @entity526 , 24 strains of @entity796 , 24 strains of @entity5609 and 25 strains of @entity23819 from @entity235 with diagnosed @entity2346 externa had been isolated in Germany, France and Italy. METHODS: Drug activities were evaluated by @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) and minimal bactericidal concentration. The potentiation of @entity6414 plus @entity5897 was calculated using the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). An FICI  <=0.5 defined synergy. Furthermore, geographical variations in the FICI and @entity1987 were assessed by statistical analysis. RESULTS: Bacterial susceptibilities were comparable in different European countries, because there were no significant @entity1987 and FICI variations (P > 0.05). As a single agent, @entity6414 had bactericidal activity against most @entity526 and @entity796 strains and, in higher concentrations, against @entity23819 strains. @entity5897 was bactericidal against all @entity23819 strains. Synergy was demonstrated against strains of @entity526 and @entity796 (FICI = 0.25 and 0.50, respectively), whereas overall there was no interaction against @entity23819 strains (FICI = 1.25). @entity5609 strains were not inhibited by each of the drugs individually or by their combination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In vitro synergy of @entity6414 and @entity5897 against @entity526 and @entity796 isolates indicates a rationale for applying both agents in combination to treat @entity2346 externa when infected with these types of bacteria.

title: The joint in vitro action of @entity6414 and XXXX against pathogens associated with @entity235 @entity2346 externa from three European countries.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole', 'Miconazole']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimal inhibitory concentration']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus', 'Staphylococcus pseudintermedius', 'S. pseudintermedius']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity5897 :: (MESH:D008825,Chemical) :: ['miconazole']


abstract: The authors describe three cases of cervical radiculomyelopathy caused by @entity24178 @entity66 (CPPDcdd). Radiological investigations revealed nodular calcifications, 5 to 7 mm in diameter, in the cervical ligamentum flavum compressing the spinal cord. Light microscopic, scanning electron microscopic, and x-ray diffraction studies were performed on all three surgical specimens obtained by laminectomy. In two of the cases x-ray microanalysis and transmission electron microscope studies were also performed. This study defined the presence of two patterns of crystal deposition in the ligamentum flavum. One is a nodular deposit, in which @entity692 crystals are seen in the central part of the nodules, with @entity24178 (CPPD) being distributed thinly around them. The other pattern is a linear deposit seen in multiple ligaments and composed of pure CPPD, which causes minimal thickening of the ligaments. A transitional pattern between the two types was also observed. This study revealed details of the nodular deposition of crystals in the ligamentum flavum and demonstrates that CPPDcdd and so-called "calcification of the ligamentum flavum" are the same disease: namely, CPPDcdd. @entity692 is assumed to have been transformed from CPPD.

title: XXXX @entity66 in the cervical ligamentum flavum.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite', 'Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['crystal deposition disease']

entities_list: @entity24178 :: ('MESH:D002131', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate']

answer: @entity24178 :: (MESH:D002131,Chemical) :: ['Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The authors used multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to study the relation between culprit plaque characteristics and @entity10020 ( @entity10020 ) elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention is often complicated by post-procedural @entity296 manifested by elevated cardiac biomarkers. METHODS: Stable @entity951 @entity1 (n = 107) with normal pre-PCI @entity10020 levels underwent 64-slice MDCT before PCI to evaluate plaque characteristics of culprit lesions. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to presence (group I, n = 36) or absence (group II, n = 71) of post-PCI @entity10020 elevation >= 3 times the upper limit of normal (0.010 ng/ml) at 24 h after PCI. RESULTS: Computed tomography attenuation values were significantly lower in group I than in group II (43.0 [26.5 to 75.7] HU vs. 94.0 [65.0 to 109.0] HU, p < 0.001). Remodeling index was significantly greater in group I than in group II (1.20    0.18 vs. 1.04    0.15, p < 0.001). Spotty calcification was observed significantly more frequently in group I than in group II (50% vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed presence of positive remodeling (remodeling index >1.05; odds ratio: 4.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.36 to 15.9; p = 0.014) and spotty calcification (odds ratio: 4.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.30 to 14.8; p = 0.016) were statistically significant independent predictors for @entity10020 elevation. For prediction of @entity10020 elevation, the presence of all 3 variables (CT attenuation value <55 HU; remodeling index >1.05, and spotty calcification) showed a high positive predictive value of 94%, and their absence showed a high negative predictive value of 90%. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT may be useful in detecting which lesions are at high risk for @entity296 after PCI.

title: Impact of coronary plaque composition on cardiac troponin elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention in stable XXXX : a computed tomography analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity10020 :: ('7139', 'Gene') :: ['cTnT', 'cardiac troponin T']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']