abstract: @entity4177 is the most common @entity96 of childhood. Clinical trials have demonstrated its responsiveness to chemotherapy, especially with @entity902 -based chemotherapeutic agents. In @entity1 with completely resected @entity5 , recurrent disease is effectively controlled by adjuvant chemotherapy. In @entity1 with initially unresectable @entity5 , chemotherapy can induce @entity5 shrinkage sufficient to allow complete extirpation of @entity5 and also to prevent recurrent disease. The @entity1 with @entity5 resistant to primary therapy or with recurrent disease presents a special problem requiring individualized and innovative therapies, including consideration of orthotopic liver transplant. @entity157 in @entity1 and adolescents carries a much poorer prognosis compared to @entity4177 . Complete resection of @entity5 offers the only hope of cure, but these @entity5 are unfortunately resistant or partially resistant to conventional doses of chemotherapy. A number of innovative treatment strategies have been employed, but optimal treatment remains elusive. Transplant for @entity5 localized to the liver may offer the only hope of cure. Embryonal (undifferentiated) @entity409 is a rare @entity5 that has not been studied prospectively in any clinical trial. Small published series indicate that it can be responsive to chemotherapy, and cure may be possible.

title: Hepatic malignancies in childhood and adolescence ( @entity4177 , XXXX , and embryonal sarcoma).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma', 'Hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Between October 1991 and December 1998, 19 @entity1 (12 males and 7 females) with refractory (six @entity1 ) or recurrent (13 @entity1 ) @entity3052 were treated with a combination chemotherapy of @entity2592 given by continuous infusion over 24-h at a rate of 1 upward arrow g/m2 per day for 5 days along with @entity8779 (12 upward arrow mg/m2 per day x 3) and @entity2879 (150 mg /m(2) per day x 3). Median age of the @entity1 was 28 years (range, 15--61). Seven (37%) of 19 @entity1 achieved complete remission (CR) with median CR duration of 6.7 months (range, 2.5--61.4+). Two @entity1 are surviving for long term (50.1 and 62.6 months). Myelosuppression associated with chemotherapy was severe. Median recovery time to ANC over 500/microl was 28 days (range, 25--59). A significant proportion of @entity1 experienced grade III-VI non-hematologic @entity137 including @entity1209 (32%), @entity409 (32%), and @entity294 (16%). No central nervous system (CNS) @entity137 was observed. Our study showed that the administration of @entity2592 at a dose of 1 g/m(2) per day by continuous intravenous infusion for 5 days along with @entity8779 and @entity2879 was feasible. Further studies are necessary to elucidate optimum dose and schedule of @entity2592 in a setting of refractory or relapsed @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ).

title: Combination chemotherapy utilizing continuous infusion of intermediate-dose @entity2592 for refractory or recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver function abnormality']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our series of epidermoid @entity189 . METHODS: 30 cases of epidermoid @entity189 are reviewed. The clinical features, @entity5 stage, grade, treatment and outcome are analyzed. RESULTS: The time to diagnosis ranged from one month to 10 years, mean 10.3 months (1 to 36); therefore the mean diameter of the @entity5 was significantly greater (1.9 cm) at the time of diagnosis than at the beginning of the lesion. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity5 superinfection. Twenty-four @entity1 (80%) had low grade @entity189 ; 6 had @entity189 , 6 (16.7%) intermediate and one (3.3%) high grade. Total penectomy with perineal meatus was performed in 5 cases, 23 had a partial penectomy with 2 cm margin and circumcision was done in two cases. @entity1 with positive lymph nodes at exploration after antibiotic treatment (13 cases) were submitted to lymphadenectomy, which was associated with chemotherapy in 4 @entity1 . The surgical complications were mainly lymphorrhea and @entity4 and @entity281 of the surgical incision after lymphadenectomy. Complications at the site of penile resection were unusual. Only 6 @entity1 have more than 5 years' follow-up (7-14), with only 1 local recurrence. The remaining @entity1 have a mean follow-up of 22 +/- 16 months (6-60). Of these, only one @entity1 had died from @entity5 (previously pT2pN0M0). This @entity1 had lymph node and distant metastases 6 months following penectomy due to invasive local recurrence (pT3pN2pM1). Lymph node recurrence has been detected in three other @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Inguinal lymphadenectomy is clearly of therapeutic value in @entity5 and performing it early in infiltrating @entity5 is likely to improve the outcome in these @entity1 .

title: [Epidermoid XXXX . Review of 30 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer of the penis', 'penile cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the penis', 'verrucous carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the penis']


abstract: AIM: To examine the efficacy of systemic @entity205 (CSA) in preventing rejection and graft failure in high risk keratoplasty (PK). METHODS: A retrospective case-control study with 49 @entity1 in both the CSA group and the control group. The @entity1 receiving CSA were at high risk of graft rejection and failure. Controls were identified from surgical audit books and had high risk characteristics. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in preoperative risk factors and the use of postoperative topical steroids between the two groups. The median follow up in the CSA group was 22 months and 27 months in the control group. One or more rejection episodes occurred in 18 out of 49 (36.7%) cases in the CSA group and 26 out of 49 (53.1%) in the control group. Graft failure from all causes occurred in 16 (32.7%) CSA @entity1 and 18 (36.7%) control @entity1 . Four (8.2%) of the CSA group compared to eight (16.3%) in the control group failed because of rejection. 22 (44.9%) out of 49 @entity1 in the CSA group had side effects. In five (10.2%) @entity1 , CSA was stopped because of the side effects; eight @entity1 had elevated serum @entity1133 and @entity1011 and four developed @entity101 . Minor side effects reported include @entity1373 , increased sweating, backache, @entity390 , feeling unwell, @entity5253 , cramps, and paraesthesia of the extremities. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the benefit of CSA over conventional therapy in preventing rejection episodes and subsequent graft failure is only moderate and did not reach statistically significant levels in this study. Considering the high frequency of side effects and the cost of CSA, a randomised control trial may be necessary to determine the true value of CSA in high risk penetrating keratoplasty.

title: Systemic XXXX in high risk penetrating keratoplasties: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['gum hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: @entity320 is an aggressive @entity1489 and it is reported to be the most treatment-resistant @entity1 @entity5 . Here we describe the anti- @entity5 activity of a novel binuclear palladacycle complex (AJ-5) in vertical growth phase (ME1402) and metastatic (WM1158) @entity320 cell lines. We show that compared to normal control cell lines, AJ-5 is more effective in inhibiting the proliferation of ME1402 and WM1158 @entity320 cells with IC50 values of 0.19 and 0.20 M, respectively. Flow cytometry analyses showed that AJ-5 induced apoptosis (sub-G1 peak) which was confirmed by @entity4404 - @entity2823 / @entity2667 iodide double-staining, nuclear fragmentation and an increase in the levels of @entity9190 cleavage. Furthermore, AJ-5 was shown to induce both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways as measured by @entity6396 , Bax and active caspases. Interestingly, AJ-5 treatment also simultaneously induced the formation of autophagosomes and led to an increase in the autophagy markers LC3II and @entity8783 . Inhibition of autophagy reduced AJ-5 @entity137 suggesting that AJ-5 induced autophagy was a cell death and not cell survival mechanism. Moreover we show that AJ-5 induces the ATM- @entity9516 DNA damage pathway and that its anti- @entity5 function is mediated by the @entity3963 and @entity1366 signalling pathways. Importantly, AJ-5 treatment efficiently reduced @entity5 growth in @entity320 bearing @entity19 and induced high levels of autophagy and apoptosis markers. Together these findings suggest that AJ-5 may be an effective chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of @entity320 , a highly aggressive and intractable @entity5 .

title: A novel binuclear palladacycle complex inhibits XXXX growth in vitro and in vivo through apoptosis and autophagy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Radiation-induced @entity1653 of the brain are typically managed with surgical resection. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become an important primary or adjuvant management for @entity1 with @entity1653 , but the value of this approach for radiation-induced @entity5 is unclear. METHODS: This series consisted of 19 @entity1 (mean age, 40 years) with 24 @entity5 . The @entity1 met criteria for a radiation-induced @entity1653 and underwent gamma knife radiosurgery. Seven @entity1 had undergone a previous resection. The World Health Organization @entity5 grades for those with prior histology were Grade I (n = 5) and Grade II (n = 2). The median @entity5 volume was 4.4 cm3. Radiosurgery was performed using a median margin dose of 13 Gy. RESULTS: Serial imaging was evaluated in all @entity1 at a median follow-up of 44 months. The control rate was 75% after primary radiosurgery. Delayed resection after radiosurgery was performed in 5 @entity1 (26%) at an average of 39 months. The median latency between radiation therapy for original disease and SRS for radiation-induced @entity1653 was 29.7 years (range, 7.3-59.0 years). The overall survival after SRS was 94.1% and 80.7% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. No @entity1 developed a subsequent radiation-induced @entity5 . The overall morbidity rate was 5.3% (1 @entity1781 ). Asymptomatic peritumoral imaging changes compatible with an adverse radiation effect developed in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: SRS provides satisfactory control rates either after resection or as an alternative to resection. Its role is most valuable for @entity1 whose @entity5 affect critical neurological regions and who are poor candidates for resection.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for radiation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the distances covered during a 11-a-side soccer match after players had consumed either a high @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) or a low @entity435 diet. Twenty-two male professional soccer players formed 2 teams (A and B), of similar age, body characteristics, and training experience. The 2 teams played against each other twice with a week interval between. For 3.5 days before the first match, the players of team A followed a high @entity435 diet that provided 8 g @entity435 per kg body mass (BM) (HC), whereas team B players followed a low @entity435 diet that provided 3 g @entity435 per kg BM (LC) for the same time period. Before the second match the dietary treatment was reversed and followed for the same time period. Training during the study was controlled, and distances covered were measured using global positioning system technology. Every player covered a greater total distance in HC compared with the distance covered in LC (HC: 9,380    98 m vs. LC: 8,077    109 m; p < 0.01). All distances covered from easy jogging (7.15 km  h-1) to sprinting (24.15 km  h-1) were also higher in HC compared with LC (p < 0.01). When players followed the HC treatment, they won the match (team A vs. team B: 3-1 for the first game and 1-2 for the second game). The HC diet probably helped players to cover a greater distance compared with LC. Soccer players should avoid eating a low (3 g @entity435 per kg BM) @entity435 diet 3-4 days before an important soccer match and have a high @entity435 intake that provides at least 8 g @entity435 per kg BM.

title: The effect of high vs. low XXXX diets on distances covered in soccer.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery benefits @entity28 @entity1 but technical difficulties associated with suboptimal exposure and access in these subjects may prompt conversion to open surgery. @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) confers advantages over standard laparoscopy (LAP) by facilitating tactile feedback, assisted dissection, and retraction. These benefits could be particularly valuable in @entity28 @entity1 , allowing completion of difficult laparoscopic procedures in this subgroup. Our aim was to compare intra-operative and post-operative outcomes of @entity1104 and LAP approaches in @entity28 @entity1 undergoing colorectal resection at our institution. METHODS: A retrospective study of a prospectively maintained laparoscopic colorectal surgery database was performed. @entity1104 and LAP cases performed in @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index (BMI)   >30) were identified and compared for the following outcomes: operative time, intra-operative complications, rate of conversion to open, @entity190 , length of stay, post-operative morbidity, and mortality. Outcomes for the converted @entity1 were included on an intention-to-treat basis for all primary analyses. A secondary analysis of nonconverted and converted cases was also performed. RESULTS: Over a 5-year period, 496 @entity28 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection; 86 @entity1104 and 410 LAP cases. The two groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, BMI, and indications for surgery. Conversion to open surgery was less often necessary in @entity1104 compared to LAP cases (3.5 % vs. 12.7 %, p   =   0.014). The LAP group had a significantly smaller incision length for specimen extraction ( @entity1104 (7.0        1.3 cm) vs. LAP (5.7        2.1 cm), p   <   0.001). Length of stay, operative time, morbidity, and mortality rates were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity28 @entity1 who require colectomy, the @entity1104 approach increases the likelihood of a successful minimally invasive operation. At the cost of a clinically negligible increase in incision length, @entity1104 may save a high-risk group conversion to formal laparotomy and the adverse outcomes related to this.

title: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery for XXXX @entity1 : decreased conversions with the hand-assisted technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['HALS', 'Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Sections from 35 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded, @entity235 @entity674 consisting of 14 @entity2909 (five stomach, three small intestine, two colon, four rectum), 18 @entity1822 (one stomach, five small intestine, nine cecum, three rectum), two undifferentiated @entity242 (two stomach), and one @entity6011 (small intestine) were examined for the expression of @entity28284 , S-100 protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and @entity38630 via immunoperoxidase methodology using an avidin- @entity1885 complex technique. The @entity2909 were 4/14 (29%) @entity28284 -positive, 3/14 (21%) S-100 protein-positive, 10/14 (71%) alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive and 13/14 (93%) @entity38630 -positive. @entity1822 were 18/18 (100%) @entity28284 -positive, 11/18 (61%) S-100 protein-positive, 9/18 (50%) a-smooth muscle actin-positive, and 15/18 (83%) @entity38630 -positive. The undifferentiated @entity242 were 2/2 (100%) @entity28284 -positive, 2/2 (100%) S-100 protein-positive, 1/2 (50%) alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive, and 0/2 (0%) @entity38630 -positive. The @entity6011 was @entity28284 and S-100 protein-positive and alpha-smooth muscle actin- and @entity38630 -negative. Thirty-one of thirty-five (89%) of all @entity5 demonstrated reactivity for either @entity38630 and/or alpha-smooth muscle actin. S-100 protein reactivity occurred in 17/35 (49%) of all specimens. Lack of @entity38630 and alpha-smooth muscle actin reactivity occurred in 4/35 (11%) of all specimens, all of which were @entity28284 -positive. The immunohistochemical results indicate that the majority of @entity235 @entity674 ( @entity674 ) with light microscopic features of smooth muscle cells have immunohistochemical staining patterns supporting smooth muscle differentiation. @entity28284 reactivity correlated with a light microscopic diagnosis of @entity5 . The lack of smooth muscle cell markers in some @entity5 and the high percentage of cases positive for S-100 protein may suggest a more complex histogenesis or differentiation for subgroups of these @entity5 .

title: Immunohistochemical staining characteristics of @entity235 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyosarcomas', 'leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6011 :: ('MESH:D018319', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) is a major cause of permanent @entity16 . Perinatal @entity1763 may induce @entity12463 after birth or @entity16 among survivors. There are no reliable methods for identifying @entity1 at risk for this disorder. METHODS: We measured the ratio of @entity880 / @entity1011 (L/C) in urine by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 6 and 24 hours after birth in 50 normal @entity1 and 50 @entity1 with @entity1763 who developed @entity2806 . The study was performed from September 2006 to May 2007. For statistical analysis, the SPSS software was used. Group comparisons were performed with chi-square and t-test(1, 5). FINDINGS: L/C ratio was 3.3  2 among asphyxiated neonates in the first six hours after birth which was 11 folds greater than in normal neonates (0.3  0.08, P=0.0001). This ratio decreased to 1.5  0.55 for asphyxiated cases in the first 24 hours after birth, which was 5 folds greater than in control group (P=0.0001). Asphyxiated neonates were subdivided into Group A with mild @entity1763 and L/C ratio 2.5  0.5; Group B with moderate @entity1763 and L/C ratio 4.2  1.5; and Group C with severe @entity1763 and L/C ratio 3.4  3.3. The severity of @entity1763 correlated with the greater L/C ratio among our cases and was significant (P=0.0007). The sensitivity and specificity of L/C ratio in cut off point of 0.48, was 96.1% and 100% respectively. CONCLUSION: Measurement of the urinary L/C ratio soon after birth maybe a promising tool to identify asphyxiated neonates and also to predict the severity of @entity1763 .

title: Measurement of the urinary @entity880 / @entity1011 ratio for early diagnosis of the XXXX in newborns.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE', 'Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neurological disabilities']

entities_list: @entity12463 :: ('MESH:D031261', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal mortality']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Nuclear grading, in addition to the histopathological result of every @entity5 , is responsible for consecutive treatment designs. Ki-S5 is the monoclonal antibody against a @entity406 -resistant epitope of the Ki-67 antigen and can be determined in paraffin-embedded samples. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the nuclear grading of @entity1204 and the proliferation marker Ki-S5. METHODS: In 126 specimens of @entity1204 the proliferation activity of the monoclonal antibody Ki-S5 was determined (streptavidin- @entity1885 -complex method) in correlation to nuclear grading. In the group of grade 2, stages Ib and Ic andenocarcinomas, proliferation rates were compared to recurrence rates. RESULTS: Divergent proliferation rates resulted. Adenoacanthomas showed a relatively low proliferation rate (<28%). For the andenosquamous @entity189 the proliferation rate ranged between 28-43%. The largest group of @entity420 showed proliferation rates from 5-74%. A clear dependency between increasing proliferation rates and decreasing differentiation (nuclear grading 2-3) was observed. In the small group of @entity1 with andenocarcinomas, nuclear grading G2 stages Ib and Ic, 38 suffered no recurrence after 6-10 years. However, the six @entity1 with proliferation rates of over 35% all suffered a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The results emphasize the need to differentiate @entity5 , depending on their proliferation rate, into low risk (KiS5<35%) and high risk cases (Ki-S5>35%).

title: Nuclear grading of XXXX heterogenous prognostic groups as detected by proliferation activity.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'G2 tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer harbors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although insulin analogues are commonly prescribed for the management of @entity6 , there is uncertainty regarding their optimal use. We conducted meta-analyses to compare the outcomes of insulin analogues with conventional insulins in the treatment of @entity164 1, @entity164 2 and @entity6677 . METHODS: We updated 2 earlier systematic reviews of the efficacy and safety of rapid-and long-acting insulin analogues. We searched electronic databases, conference proceedings and "grey literature" up to April 2007 to identify randomized controlled trials that compared insulin analogues with conventional insulins. Study populations of interest were @entity1 with @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 (adult and pediatric) and @entity1 with @entity6677 . RESULTS: We included 68 randomized controlled trials in the analysis of rapid-acting insulin analogues and 49 in the analysis of long-acting insulin analogues. Most of the studies were of short to medium duration and of low quality. In terms of hemoglobin A1c, we found minimal differences between rapid-acting insulin analogues and regular @entity1 insulin in adults with @entity164 1 @entity6 (weighted mean difference for insulin lispro: -0.09%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.16% to -0.02%; for insulin aspart: -0.13%, 95% CI -0.20% to -0.07%). We observed similar outcomes among @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (weighted mean difference for insulin lispro: -0.03%, 95% CI -0.12% to -0.06%; for insulin aspart: -0.09%, 95% CI -0.21% to 0.04%). Differences between long-acting insulin analogues and neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin in terms of hemoglobin A1c were marginal among adults with @entity164 1 @entity6 (weighted mean difference for insulin glargine: -0.11%, 95% CI -0.21% to -0.02%; for insulin detemir: -0.06%, 95% CI -0.13% to 0.02%) and among adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 (weighted mean difference for insulin glargine: -0.05%, 95% CI -0.13% to 0.04%; for insulin detemir: 0.13%, 95% CI 0.03% to 0.22%). Benefits in terms of reduced @entity4053 were inconsistent. There were insufficient data to determine whether insulin analogues are better than conventional insulins in reducing long-term @entity2412 or @entity204 . INTERPRETATION: Rapid-and long-acting insulin analogues offer little benefit relative to conventional insulins in terms of glycemic control or reduced @entity4053 . Long-term, high-quality studies are needed to determine whether insulin analogues reduce the risk of long-term complications of @entity6 .

title: Efficacy and safety of insulin analogues for the management of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-related complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity130 to the supporting tissues of the teeth are among the most common @entity8495 , leading to such complications as pulp canal obliteration, @entity39 and root resorption. The aim of this investigation was to study the outcome for young permanent teeth subjected to @entity130 . From 108 dental records 171 teeth with injuries to the supporting tissue were selected. The material comprised 130 subluxated, 15 extruded, 9 intruded, 15 exarticulated and 6 laterally luxated teeth in @entity1 aged 6-19 years. Apart from luxation, 59 teeth (35%) had additional crown and @entity174 . 65% of the teeth recovered without complications. 78% of the subluxated teeth and 24% of the luxated teeth showed uneventful posttraumatic healing. Concomitant uncomplicated crown @entity174 or @entity174 without displacement of the coronal fragment did not interfere with the healing. Of 60 teeth with healing complications, 52 (87%) were subsequently recorded as healed, the remaining 8 were extracted or had progressive root resorption. Loss of pulp vitality and external root resorptions were the most often recorded complications (28% and 17% of the total material respectively). Pulp canal obliteration was noted in 3% of the cases. @entity130 and degree of tooth maturity were found to be related to healing complications.

title: Effect of XXXX on permanent teeth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'root fractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8495 :: ('MESH:D018677', 'Disease') :: ['dental injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Extent of injury', 'Trauma', 'luxation injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['luxation injuries']


abstract: A clinical and bacteriological study to evaluate the effectiveness and @entity137 of @entity12894 in the treatment of @entity281 is described. Fifteen @entity1 received i.m. injections of 150 or 225 mg/day for seven days. The daily doses was divided into three applications. The mean serum levels at the first hour were 5.26 +/- 2.41 microgram/ml and at the seventh hour 1.0 +/- 1.19 microgram/ml. Similar values were determined on the seventh day of treatment with @entity12894 : 6.36 +/- 2.36 microgram/ml one hour, 1.17 +/- 1.67 microgram/ml seven hours after i.m. injection. All the microorganisms isolated had MICs below the @entity12894 levels measured. The clinical results were assessed as "excellent" in 11 @entity1 . Therapeutic results were considered as "fair" in three @entity1 . The clinical conditions of one @entity1 affected by @entity4034 following osteosynthesis of the femur was not improved by treatment. No side effects were observed.

title: @entity12894 in XXXX . Laboratory and clinical studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical infections']

entities_list: @entity12894 :: ('MESH:D012853', 'Chemical') :: ['sisomicin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the @entity137 patterns and clinical usefulness of intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (IOERT) in @entity1 with unfavorable-outcome cervical @entity5 . METHODS: From January 1986 to June 1999, 67 @entity1 (36 recurrent, 31 @entity66 ) were treated with IOERT. Previously unirradiated @entity1 received preoperative chemoradiation to 45 Gy with @entity900 20 mg/m(2) and @entity1487 1000 mg/m(2). IOERT median dose was 12 Gy for @entity66 (range: 10-25) and 15 Gy for recurrent disease (range: 10-20). RESULTS: The 10-year control rate within the area treated with IOERT ("in-field" (IF)) for the entire group was 69.4, with 92.8 and 46.4% 10-year IF control rates for the primary and recurrent @entity1 , respectively. IF control rate correlated with involvement of the parametrial margin (P = 0.001), amount of @entity66 (P = 0.001), and pelvic lymph node involvement (P = 0.032). The overall incidence of toxic events that might be attributable to IOERT was 14.9%. @entity1118 was observed in 8 of 67 evaluable @entity1 (11.9%) and @entity1897 of the lower extremity in one @entity1 (3.2%). CONCLUSIONS: IOERT is a valuable boosting technique in the management of advanced but resectable cervical @entity5 . @entity1 , especially recurrent cases, with positive lymph nodes, parametrial involvement, and/or incomplete resections have poor local control rates despite IOERT at the doses used in this study.

title: Intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy during radical surgery for locally advanced and recurrent cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'primary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate for the presence of subclinical @entity1082 ) in cases of suspected @entity458 in @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective data collection via interviews, physical examination, colposcopic examination, and tissue sampling by a surface swab technique. SETTING: A total of 40 pediatric @entity1 ranging in age from 1 to 16 years who were referred to the Special Assessment and Management Clinic at Cardinal Glennon @entity1 's Hospital, St Louis, MO, for probable or confirmed @entity458 . INTERVENTIONS: In addition to colposcopic examination for physical signs of abuse, the @entity1 were screened for evidence of @entity2953 , including syphilis, @entity2954 , and @entity1047 . At that time, surveillance sampling of the throat, vaginal introitus, and/or rectum by a simple, rapid surface swab technique was performed to detect the presence of HPV. MEASUREMENTS: Template DNA was extracted from @entity2708 swabs and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity5358 sequences were detected in 58 (83%) of 70 specimens obtained from 40 @entity1 , indicating successful processing had occurred. Using a consensus L1 primer-probe set capable of detecting multiple HPV genotypes, 2 (3%) of 58 samples from 2 (5%) of 40 @entity1 were positive for @entity1799 . None of the other 56 specimens yielded evidence of HPV. Appropriate positive and negative controls were included in each assay. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that subclinical @entity1083 is possible, but not commonly associated with @entity458 in @entity1 from St Louis, MO. In this group of @entity1 without @entity6205 , @entity1799 was the only type identified.

title: XXXX screening in pediatric victims of @entity458 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['condyloma']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening with colonoscopy was introduced into the National @entity5 Prevention Program in Germany in 2002. As compliance for screening is low (around 3% per year), colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) could be an alternative approach. In this study, feasibility and performance of CCE were evaluated in comparison with colonoscopy in ambulatory @entity1 with special attention to a short colon transit time. METHODS: CCE was prospectively tested in ambulatory @entity1 enrolled for colonoscopy who presented for screening or with positive fecal occult blood test. Study subjects underwent colon preparation and ingested the capsule in the morning. Colonoscopy was performed after excretion of the capsule. Colonoscopy and CCE were performed by independent physicians who were blinded to the results. RESULTS: In total, 38 @entity1 were included. One @entity1 was excluded because the capsule remained in the stomach during the entire period of examination. Another @entity1 had limited time and the procedure had to be stopped when the capsule was still in the transverse colon. We therefore report the results of 36 @entity1 (30 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ; mean age 56 years, range 23-73 years) who successfully completed CCE and the conventional colonoscopy examination. The capsule was excreted within 6 h in 84% of the @entity1 (median transit time 4.5 h). If oral @entity10457 was excluded from the preparation, the colon transit time increased to a median of 8.25 h. In total, 7 of 11 small @entity1127 (<6 mm) detected by colonoscopy were identified by CCE. One small polyp detected by CCE was not identified by colonoscopy. In this series, no large @entity1127 were found. One @entity14 was detected by both methods. The mean rates of @entity694 (range from 1=excellent to 4=poor) in the cecum (2.1), transverse colon (1.6), and in the descending colon (1.5) were significantly better than in the rectosigmoid colon (2.6), and the overall mean rate during colonoscopy was significantly better than during CCE. No adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS: CCE appears to be a promising new modality for colonic evaluation and may increase compliance with @entity14 screening. To achieve a short colon transit time, @entity10457 seems to be a necessary adjunct during preparation. The short transit time is a prerequisite to abandon the delay mode of the capsule. With an undelayed PillCam COLON capsule, a "pan-enteric" examination of the gastrointestinal tract would be possible. Further studies are needed to improve the cleanliness, especially in the rectum and to evaluate the method as a potential screening tool.

title: Is PillCam COLON capsule endoscopy ready for XXXX screening? A prospective feasibility study in a community gastroenterology practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cleanliness']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of @entity6009 and @entity20367 , S2-serotonergic receptor antagonists, on skin blood flow and viability in acute random pattern skin flaps (4 x 10 cm) in the @entity1707 . In experiment 1, the dose-response effect of intravenous @entity6009 (0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.50 mg/kg) on skin flap capillary blood flow was studied 6 hr after skin flap surgery, using the radioactive microsphere (15 microns) technique and under pentobarbital anesthesia. Significant (P less than 0.05) increase in skin flap blood flow was seen at the dosages of 0.25 and 0.35 mg/kg compared with the saline-treated control. In experiment 2, the effect of five-day intramuscular @entity6009 and @entity20367 treatment (0.30 mg/kg/day; in divided doses) on skin flap viability was studied. The drug treatments were started two days preoperatively. It was observed that the length of skin flap viability in @entity6009 (6.6 +/- 0.2 cm; n = 40 flaps) and @entity20367 (6.8 +/- 0.3 cm; n = 40 flaps) treated flaps were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than the saline-treated control (5.5 +/- 0.1 cm; n = 48 flaps). @entity6009 treatment started 30 min after flap surgery also significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the length of skin flap viability (6.1 +/- 0.1 cm) compared with the control. There was no significant difference in skin viability between @entity6009 and @entity20367 treated skin flaps. The preceding study on the effect of @entity6009 treatment on random pattern skin flap viability was repeated in experiment 3. Again, it was observed that intramuscular @entity6009 treatment significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the skin flap viability. It was concluded that @entity6009 and @entity20367 treatment resulted in significant augmentation of porcine acute random pattern skin flap viability. This is the first experimental evidence to indicate that S2-serotonergic receptors participate in the pathogenesis of skin @entity63 .

title: Augmentation of acute random pattern skin flap viability in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['flap ischemia']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Operative repair was undertaken for 51 popliteal @entity439 in 39 @entity1 between 1958 and 1990. Operation was performed on an emergency basis in 19 extremities with limb-threatening @entity63 and as an elective procedure in 32 extremities. Cumulative limb salvage (94%) rates and patency rates (67%) became significantly different at 6 years (p less than 0.05). Graft patency was affected by clinical presentation and runoff. After 1 year, cumulative patency for extremities with limb-threatening @entity63 was significantly lower than for those having an elective operation (69% vs 100%, p less than 0.05). Runoff did not influence graft patency until 3 years, at which time cumulative patency was better in extremities with good runoff than in extremities with poor runoff (89% vs 30%, p less than 0.05). Limb salvage was affected only by presentation. All limb loss (three @entity1 ) occurred within the first month in extremities with graft occlusion after operation for limb-threatening @entity63 . Runoff did not influence patency rates for extremities with limb-threatening @entity63 , since no difference was observed in runoff between the two groups. We conclude that elective repair is indicated in all @entity1 with popliteal @entity439 . It is associated with little risk to the @entity1 , and prevents the need for operation in the setting of limb-threatening @entity63 with its poorer overall results and definite incidence of amputation.

title: Popliteal artery XXXX : a 25-year surgical experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: 1. We measured systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and tissue @entity1063 concentrations (tNA) of 16 organs (heart, kidney, aorta, brain stem, pancreas, spleen, stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon, lung, muscle, cerebrum, liver, bone, salivary gland) in Dahl salt-resistant (DSR) and -sensitive @entity35 ( @entity13419 ) fed 0.4 (0.4%) or 8% salt diet (8%) from 5 weeks old until the age of 5, 7, 9 and 11 weeks. 2. SAP increased in @entity13419 with the 8% salt diet. An increased rate of SAP of @entity13419 with the 0.4% salt diet was larger than DSR with the 0.4% diet. In DSR with 0.4%, tNA tended to increase from 5 weeks old except in the bone, which may have been the result of ageing. In @entity13419 with 0.4%, tNA did not increase from 5 weeks old. @entity13419 showed salt-sensitivity even to 0.4%. 3. tNA of the heart and kidney of both @entity13419 and DSR with 8% were lower than 0.4%. These organs are high-salt-sensitive organs. tNA of the aorta, spleen, stomach, jejunum, ileum, and colon of @entity13419 with 8% were lower than 0.4%, but not DSR. These organs are medium salt-sensitive organs. tNA of the pancreas of @entity13419 with 8% was lower than 0.4% which was not different from DSR with 0.4 and 8%. The pancreas is a low salt-sensitive organ. tNA of the lung, muscle, cerebrum, liver, bone and salivary gland did not show any differences between 0.4 and 8% in @entity13419 as well as DSR. These organs are not salt-sensitive organs. 4. There were large organ differences in tNA among organs studied. There were large organ differences in decrease rate of tNA in response to a high-salt diet. The organ function and the period of salt diet influence tNA.

title: Effects of a high-salt diet on tissue @entity1063 concentrations in Dahl salt-resistant and -sensitive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epistaxis is one of the commonest medical emergencies. It affects all age groups and both sexes. The cause may be local or systemic but in majority it is spontaneous and idiopathic. @entity130 is considered to be a major aetiological factor. Various treatment protocols are utilized to control @entity1415 derpending upon the type, severity and cause of @entity548 . METHODS: This descriptive study was designed to evaluate the aetiology and efficacy of management protocol of @entity1415 in a tertiary care setting. 313 @entity1 underwent prospective evaluation by consultant and non-consultant doctors with considerable experience in Ear, Nose _ Throat (ENT) emergencies management. Standard principles were followed in the management. RESULTS: This study demonstrated a bimodal distribution with incidence peaks in below 25 years _ above 50 years of age. Males were affected twice more than the females (2.15:1.04). Anterior nasal @entity548 was noted in majority of the @entity1 . Anterior nasal packing was the most effective method of controlling anterior @entity1415 . While posterior @entity548 was controlled by posterior nasal packing with Foley's catheter. The most common cause was found to be @entity130 , followed by @entity101 . CONCLUSION: It may be concluded from this study that @entity1415 is the most common ENT emergency, affecting all age groups. It has a bimodal age presentation and affects males twice more than females. Anterior @entity548 is more common than posterior @entity548 . Epistaxis may be controlled with chemical/electro-cautery if the @entity548 point is visible. In case of failure to localize or access a @entity548 point or profuse @entity548 , anterior nasal packing can effectively control majority of @entity1415 . Foley's catheter is a good option that can be used for posterior nasal packing. Gelfoam may be used for controlling @entity1415 in cases of @entity3459 , when there is mucosal ooze.

title: Evaluation of aetiology and efficacy of management protocol of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['epistaxis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity8619 ( @entity8619 ) often relate the onset and aggravation of oral symptoms to increased levels of stress. Under normal conditions, stress induces increased @entity701 secretion that counteracts inflammatory reactions. The objective of the present study was to assess whether @entity1 with @entity8619 have an impaired capacity to elevate their @entity701 concentrations as a response to stress. Saliva samples were collected for @entity701 analysis from 10 @entity8619 @entity1 once every 15 min during a 2-h test period. In order to induce stress during a part of this test period, the @entity1 were confronted with a computerised device specifically developed for the induction of transient stress. A visual analogue scale (VAS) and a mood adjective check list (MACL) were used to estimate the degree of permanent stress. A control group of @entity1 was matched for age and sex. The @entity8619 @entity1 did not present with different stress scores when a psychometric test (MACL) was used. No statistically significant correlation between @entity701 concentration and stress level was observed. Thus, no support for an impaired capacity of @entity8619 @entity1 to suppress an immune response through @entity701 induction in conjunction with experimental stress was revealed.

title: XXXX and salivary @entity701 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['OLP', 'oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity8619 :: (MESH:D017676,Disease) :: ['Erosive oral lichen planus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bifurcation angles may have an impact on the clinical outcomes of crush stenting. We sought to compare high (> or = 60 degrees ) with low (< 60 degrees ) bifurcation angle in @entity1 who underwent either classical or double kissing (DK) crush stenting for bifurcation lesions from the DKCRUSH-1 data base. METHODS: There were 212 @entity1 with 220 lesions, some with low-angle (n = 138) and some with high-angle (n = 74). Angiography was indexed at 8-month after procedure. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse @entity299 (MACEs), defined as @entity204 , @entity583 and @entity75 revascularization (TLR). Secondary endpoint included late lumen loss, the rate of restenosis, and final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI). RESULTS: At 8 months, clinical follow-up was 100%; angiographic follow-up was 75% in the low-angle group and 83.3% in the high-angle group. There were no significant differences in the FKBI between the high-angle group (91.43%) and the low-angle group (82.39%). In the high angle group, there was a significant difference in contrast volume used (P = 0.005) but no significant difference in acute gain, @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ), late loss and diameter stenosis in the pre-bifurcation segment, post-bifurcation segment or side branch. When lesions were assigned into with-(n = 133) and without-FKBI (n = 42), significant side-branch late loss was seen in the group without-FKBI ((0.65 +/- 0.49) mm vs (0.47 +/- 0.62) mm, P = 0.02), with a resultant greater restenosis rate (37.68% vs 18.32%, P = 0.001). No difference was detected in the MACE free survival rate between the high and low angle groups (82.39% vs 82.36%, P = 0.84). The rate of stent @entity715 tended to be higher in the lower-angle group although there was no significant difference (P = 0.38). The TLR free survival rate was 87.2% in the with-FKBI group vs 73.5% in the without-FKBI group (P = 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that the independent predictors for target vessel revascularization were the side branch stent @entity5562 post stenting (hazard ratios (HR) 1.028, 95% CI 2.357 - 16.233, P = 0.002), lack of FKBI (HR 4.910, 95% CI 4.706 - 8.459, P = 0.001) and unsatisfactory kissing (HR 3.120, 95% CI 2.975 - 5.431, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Bifurcation angles do not influence the clinical outcome of crush stenting. Successful final kissing balloon inflation, regardless of bifurcation angles, can predict TLR.

title: Effect of coronary bifurcation angle on clinical outcomes in Chinese XXXX treated with crush stenting: a subgroup analysis from DKCRUSH-1 bifurcation study.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['minimum lumen diameter', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recent investigations of @entity302 , @entity195 , @entity2730 , and @entity161 have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate changes in temporal lobe structures. Normal variations in these structures need to be defined before one can use these structures to describe abnormal conditions. Twenty-nine normal volunteers were studied by coronal MRI. Frequent findings include notching of the uncus by the tentorium or adjacent vessels (22/29) and asymmetry of the temporal horns (20/29). This finding of uncal notching strengthens the evidence against " @entity1463 " as the basis for @entity131 . Temporal horn dilatation occurred in four. However, mild asymmetry of the temporal horn was seen frequently at its anterior tip (16/29) and may be related to @entity717 . Asymmetry of the choroidal fissure was never marked. Mild asymmetry was common at the hippocampal head (pes). Mild enlargement of the right temporal lobe by visual inspection is not uncommon. Subtle asymmetry of the white matter between the hippocampus and the collateral sulcus occurred in six. The collateral sulcus does not always point to the temporal horn. The occipitotemporal sulcus may point to the temporal horn. Asymmetric uncal protrusion (0/29) and Sylvian fissure dilatation (4/29) occur rarely.

title: MRI of the temporal lobe: normal variations, with special reference toward XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['incisural sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotation']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transanal resection of benign and selected malignant @entity5 is a well accepted surgical technique. The use of a stereoscopic microsurgical technique, as originally described by Buess et al in 1984, has been shown to improve the results of standard transanal resection by allowing precise, full thickness resections up to 24 cm from the anal verge. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) has failed to gain widespread popularity for two reasons: The proprietary instrument set is expensive and complex ( 68,000 and 30 components), and the procedure is difficult to master technically. We present our results with a modification of the TEM instrument that incorporates a standard laparoscope and video camera as well as standard laparoscopic instruments. METHODS: Four surgeons have been trained to date. Details of the training curriculum are presented. The technique of videoendoscopic transanal @entity5 resection (VTEM) is described. A prospective data base was maintained of all VTEM cases. This was reviewed for this study to determine indications, operative times, complications and outcomes. RESULTS: Four surgeons performed 27 VTEM cases between August 1994 and June 1996. The average age was 69 years and the majority (16) of @entity1 were ASA III. Pre-op diagnosis was benign polyp in 25 @entity1 and @entity420 in 2. Average operating time was 127 minutes (49 to 280 minutes), and was longer during a surgeon's first 5 cases and for lesions more than 16 cm from the anal verge. Operative problems were rare (4%) and post-op complications ( @entity322 2, late bleeding 1, @entity652 recurrence 1) were seen in 15%. CONCLUSIONS: VTEM can be taught successfully to GI and colorectal surgeons using a format similar to that used for advanced laparoscopic courses. The use of already available laparoscopes and instruments decreases the initial costs of the set-up. Results are good, with low rates of complications and recurrence and a very short hospital stay. The @entity1 benefits from an effective, minimally invasive alternative to open surgery.

title: Video endoscopic transanal-rectal XXXX excision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a single pre-operative dose of @entity619 with the @entity1209 and severity of @entity158 in @entity1 undergoing electrocautery tonsillectomy under standard general anaesthesia. STUDY DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: ENT Department, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian, from January to December 2010. METHODOLOGY: @entity1 of either gender aged between 4 - 12 years, undergoing tonsillectomy were divided into two groups of 50 each. One group was selected to receive @entity619 0.5 mg/kg (maximum of 8 mg); the second group was given equivalent volume of saline, pre-operatively. The frequency of @entity391 was assessed postextubation. Mean time of first oral intake in minutes after extubation and mean score of postoperative @entity158 were compared in both groups. Severity of @entity158 was monitored by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score 0-10 after 4,8,12 and 24 hours of extubation. RESULTS: @entity619 group showed significantly less @entity1209 (12%, n = 6) as compared to placebo (30%, n = 15) group (p < 0.05). The mean time of first oral intake was earlier in the @entity619 group (4 hours and 16 minutes postextubation), while in saline group it was 5 hours and 20 minutes (p < 0.001). @entity158 score was also significantly lower and swallowing was less @entity158 in @entity1 after 4,8,12 and 24 hours in @entity619 group. @entity158 score on the average was 0.8 - 1.2 factors less in @entity619 group than in saline group in first 24 hours on a VAS score of 1 -10. CONCLUSION: Pre-operative intravenous @entity619 @entity1209 and @entity158 significantly in @entity1 undergoing electrocautery tonsillectomy.

title: Post-tonsillectomy XXXX and @entity391 :role of pre-operative steroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['early and late vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'throat pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative early vomiting', 'reduced postoperative vomiting', 'frequency of postoperative vomiting']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Responsive deep brain stimulation (rDBS) has been recently proposed to block @entity302 at onset. Yet, long-term stability of brain responses to such kind of stimulation is not known. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the neural adaptation to repeated rDBS as measured by the changes of anti- @entity302 efficacy of bilateral DBS of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) versus auditory stimulation, in a @entity35 model of spontaneous recurrent @entity2048 (GAERS). METHODS: Local field potentials (LFP) were recorded in freely moving animals during 1 h up to 24 h under automated responsive stimulations (SNr-DBS and auditory). Comparison of @entity410 features was used to characterise transient (repetition-suppression effect) and long-lasting (stability of anti- @entity302 efficacy, i.e. ratio of successfully interrupted @entity410 ) effects of responsive stimulations. RESULTS: SNr-DBS was more efficient than auditory stimulation in blocking @entity410 (97% vs. 52% of @entity410 interrupted, respectively). Sensitivity to minimal interstimulus interval was much stronger for SNr-DBS than for auditory stimulation. Anti- @entity302 efficacy of SNr-DBS was remarkably stable during long-term (24 h) recordings. CONCLUSIONS: In the GAERS model, we demonstrated the superiority of SNr-DBS to suppress @entity410 , as compared to auditory stimulation. Importantly, we found no long-term habituation to rDBS. However, when @entity410 recurrence was frequent, rDBS lack anti- @entity302 efficacy because responsive stimulations became too close (time interval < 40 s) suggesting the existence of a refractory period. This study thus motivates the use of automated rDBS in @entity1 having transient @entity410 separated by sufficiently long intervals.

title: Neural adaptation to responsive stimulation: a comparison of auditory and deep brain stimulation in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Behavioral stress has been proposed to contribute to the occurrence of @entity741 . Objective To investigate the effect of chronic exposure to behavioral stress on the function and structure of the coronary artery of borderline @entity101 @entity35 (BHR). DESIGN: BHR were either exposed to an air-jet stress for 2 h/day for 10 days or kept in their cage for 10 days. METHODS: After 10 days, hemodynamic measurements in conscious animals were recorded, and their hearts were removed for isolation of a left ventricular coronary artery for functional studies or for fixation by retrograde perfusion for study with scanning electron microscopy. Vascular reactivity was measured in isolated coronary arteries (approximately 250 microm) maintained at an intraluminal diameter of 40 mmHg while the intraluminal diameter was recorded continuously. RESULTS: The resting mean arterial pressure and heart rate in conscious, unrestrained BHR were not altered significantly by exposure to 10 days of 2 h/day air-jet stress. Coronary artery relaxation in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator @entity934 was impaired in @entity35 exposed to the air-jet stress compared with that in controls. An attenuated response to exogenous @entity842 in coronary arteries from stressed BHR was confirmed by the finding of a reduced sensitivity to @entity1854 , which releases @entity842 independently from the endothelium. However, relaxation of coronary arteries in response to @entity3044 , which acts independently from @entity842 , was not altered. Coronary artery contraction in response to @entity1827 and @entity2647 was not altered in vessels taken from BHR exposed to behavioral stress compared with that in vessels from control @entity35 . Scanning electron microscopy of the endothelial surface of the septal coronary artery showed no difference between vessels from control and stressed BHR. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that behavioral stress impairs endothelium-dependent and @entity842 -mediated coronary relaxation, but does not alter alpha1-adrenoceptor or @entity1827 -mediated contraction. By impairing coronary artery vascular relaxation, chronic exposure to behavioral stress may contribute to @entity741 .

title: Behavioral stress alters coronary vascular reactivity in borderline @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Mutations in ribosomal proteins L4 and L22 confer resistance to @entity2929 and other @entity7646 antibiotics in a variety of bacteria. L4 and L22 have elongated loops whose tips converge in the peptide exit tunnel near the @entity7646 -binding site, and resistance mutations typically affect residues within these loops. Here, we used @entity5999 Red-mediated recombination, or "recombineering," to uncover new L4 and L22 alleles that confer @entity7646 resistance in @entity526 . We randomized residues at the tips of the L4 and L22 loops using recombineered oligonucleotide libraries and selected the mutagenized cells for @entity2929 -resistant mutants. These experiments led to the identification of 341 resistance mutations encoding 278 unique L4 and L22 proteins-the overwhelming majority of which are novel. Many resistance mutations were complex, involving multiple missense mutations, in-frame deletions, and insertions. Transfer of L4 and L22 mutations into wild-type cells by @entity10483 -mediated transduction demonstrated that each allele was sufficient to confer @entity7646 resistance. Although L4 and L22 mutants are typically resistant to most macrolides, selections carried out on different antibiotics revealed @entity7646 -specific resistance mutations. L22 @entity52902 is one such allele that confers resistance to @entity2929 but not to @entity8588 and @entity7912 . Purified L22 @entity52902 ribosomes show reduced @entity2929 binding but have the same affinity for @entity8588 as wild-type ribosomes. Moreover, @entity28036 methylation protection assays demonstrated that @entity52903 ribosomes bind @entity8588 more readily than @entity2929 in vivo. This work underscores the exceptional functional plasticity of the L4 and L22 proteins and highlights the utility of Red-mediated recombination in targeted genetic selections.

title: Recombineering reveals a diverse collection of ribosomal proteins L4 and L22 that confer resistance to XXXX antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity52902 :: ('p|SUB|K|90|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys90Trp']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity5999 :: ('10710', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage lambda']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity7912 :: ('MESH:D015572', 'Chemical') :: ['spiramycin']

entities_list: @entity52903 :: ('p|SUB|L,K|22,90|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L22 Lys90Trp']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity28036 :: ('MESH:C007482', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfate']

answer: @entity7646 :: (CHEBI:25106,Chemical) :: ['macrolide']


abstract: @entity3072 in @entity195 are composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of the @entity40152 . Based on biochemical criteria, several enzymes have emerged as potential tau protein kinases, including the extracellularly regulated kinases 1, 2 and 3. In situ hybridization was used to map the messenger RNA distribution of extracellularly regulated kinase 1, 2 and 3 in the adult @entity35 brain and their response to excitotoxic @entity75 was examined. Extracellularly regulated kinase 1 messenger RNA was uniformly expressed by glia, but was also present in the dentate gyrus and some other neuronal populations. Extracellularly regulated kinase 2 was exclusively neuronal and concentrated within the cortical laminae and the CA subfields of the hippocampal formation. Extracellularly regulated kinase 3 messenger RNA expression was similar to extracellularly regulated kinase 2 and was also present in neurons but the level of expression was lower. Extracellularly regulated kinases 2 and 3 messenger RNA expression was lost following @entity130 , further supporting a neuronal localization. Extracellularly regulated kinase 1 messenger RNA expression appeared unaltered, suggesting a non-neuronal localization and lack of responsiveness to lesion at the level of transcription. By contrast, messenger RNA of @entity14357 , a recently described @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase, was up-regulated by glial cells following @entity130 . Based on their messenger RNA distribution, cellular localization and response to lesion, it is clear that each kinase may function differently in various signaling pathways. Extracellularly regulated kinase 2, however, is the only kinase with the proper messenger RNA distribution to contribute to @entity3072 formation in @entity195 .

title: Distribution of the messenger RNA for the extracellularly regulated kinases 1, 2 and 3 in XXXX brain: effects of excitotoxic @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity40152 :: ('29477(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein tau']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibrillary tangles', 'neurofibrillary tangle']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['excitotoxic injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pediatric @entity565 exacerbations account for >1.8 million @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits annually. Asthma guidelines are intended to guide time-dependent treatment decisions that improve clinical outcomes; however, guideline adherence is inadequate. We examined whether an automatic disease detection system increases clinicians' use of paper-based guidelines and decreases time to a disposition decision. METHODS: We evaluated a computerized @entity565 detection system that triggered NHLBI-adopted, evidence-based practice to improve care in an urban, tertiary care pediatric @entity341 in a 3-month (7/09-9/09) prospective, randomized controlled trial. A probabilistic system screened all @entity341 @entity1 for acute @entity565 . For intervention @entity1 , the system generated the @entity565 protocol at triage for intervention @entity1 to guide early treatment initiation, while clinicians followed standard processes for control @entity1 . The primary outcome measures included time to @entity1 disposition. RESULTS: The system identified 1100 @entity1 with @entity565 exacerbations, of which 704 had a final @entity565 diagnosis determined by a physician-established reference standard. The positive predictive value for the probabilistic system was 65%. The median time to disposition decision did not differ among the intervention (289 min; IQR = (184, 375)) and control group (288 min; IQR = (185, 375)) (p=0.21). The hospital admission rate was unchanged between intervention (37%) and control groups (35%) (p = 0.545). @entity341 length of stay did not differ among the intervention (331 min; IQR = (226, 581)) and control group (331 min; IQR = (222, 516)) (p = 0.568). CONCLUSION: Despite a high level of support from the @entity341 leadership and staff, a focused education effort, and implementation of an automated disease detection, the use of the paper-based @entity565 protocol remained low and time to @entity1 disposition did not change.

title: An @entity565 management system in a pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Since the publication of the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) protocol 111 in 1996, and the results of the Arbeitgemeinschaft Gyna kologische Onkologie (AGO) trial Ovar-3 and the GOG protocol 158, the combination of @entity902 and @entity1311 has been adopted as the standard therapy in advanced @entity43 . One option for achieving further progress in the first-line treatment of advanced @entity43 might be the addition of noncross-resistant drugs to the two-drug regimen. Meta-analysis showed a survival benefit for @entity902 - @entity4349 based combinations as compared to @entity902 -based combinations without @entity8253 . An AGO phase I/II trial compared @entity1259 in combination with @entity3003 and @entity1311 in untreated @entity1 with gynecological @entity5 . Based on the results of this study a randomized phase III trial together with the French GINECO group was conducted. The trial started 11/97 and was closed 11/99. All 1281 @entity1 were randomized. Currently, 1132 end-of-therapy reports have been issued. Nine hundred eighty nine (87%) @entity1 completed six cycles of treatment. Treatment and @entity137 data are available for these @entity1 . Three hundred thirty five @entity1 had a measurable @entity41 after initial debulking surgery. Response data of 228 @entity1 (111 ET-Carbo, 117 Carbo-T) are available.

title: The integration of XXXX in the treatment of advanced @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity8253 :: (MESH:D018943,Chemical) :: ['anthracyclines']


abstract: The mechanism by which a @entity1641 conceptus-derived immunosuppressive factor (HCS) of M(r) > 100,000 inhibits lymphocyte proliferation was investigated. The factor was obtained from the culture supernatants of 20-day-old @entity1641 conceptuses; activity, identified by reduced uptake of @entity665 by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, was greatest (P < 0.01) in cultures stimulated by mitogen from pokeweed. HCS also suppressed cell proliferation stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (P < 0.01), but had no effect on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells (P > 0.05). Data from a fluorescence-activated cell sorter indicated that supplementation with HCS reduced the number of T cells in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated cultures and suppressed proliferation of T and B cells in pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated cultures compared with controls. Cell proliferation was greater (P < 0.01) in cultures supplemented with HCS 24 h after stimulation than in those treated at the start of stimulation, and was even greater (P < 0.01) when cells were treated 48 h after stimulation. The removal of HCS from treated lymphocyte cultures resulted in complete recovery of cell responsiveness, and stimulated proliferation of treated cells did not differ (P > 0.05) from that of control cells. The addition of stimulated @entity1641 lymphocyte supernatant to cultures supplemented with HCS did not significantly increase (P > 0.05) cell proliferation in response to pokeweed mitogen. Addition of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) to HCS-treated cultures did not alter the suppressive activity of HCS, although cell proliferation was greater in cultures supplemented with @entity5041 than in controls (P < 0.01). HCS inhibition of @entity3783 ( @entity3783 ) function was investigated using an @entity2047 -dependent @entity19 cytolytic T lymphocyte cell line; the fraction of HCS of M(r) > 100,000 had no effect (P > 0.05) on proliferation of @entity2047 -dependent @entity19 cytolytic T lymphocyte cells induced by @entity5041 . Together, these data suggest that HCS suppresses proliferation of T lymphocytes during the early stages of cell activation by inhibiting @entity3783 interaction and that this suppression interferes with interactions between T cells and B cells, thereby also indirectly inhibiting proliferation of B cells. The potent immunosuppressive capacity of HCS may be one factor responsible for inhibiting cell-mediated fetal allograft rejection during pregnancy.

title: Involvement of interleukin 2 receptors in conceptus-derived suppression of T and B cell proliferation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish optimal Doppler ultrasonographic (US) venous pulsatility index and computed tomographic (CT) criteria for @entity99 ( @entity99 ) @entity850 after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to compare accuracies of these methods by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by an institutional review board; informed consent was waived. Eighty @entity1 (48 @entity1 , 32 @entity1 ; mean age, 51.5 years +/- 9.2 [standard deviation]) underwent Doppler US and CT within 8 days of @entity99 following right lobe LDLT between October 2006 and September 2008. At venography, RHVs were classified into a @entity850 or nonstenosis group. At Doppler US, venous pulsatility index was defined as the difference between maximum and minimum frequency shifts divided by maximum frequency shift. At CT, diameters of @entity254 and @entity99 were measured; percentage of @entity850 was calculated. Mean Doppler US and CT parameters in the two groups were compared; ROC analysis was performed. RESULTS: There were 30 stenotic and 50 nonstenotic RHVs. Mean venous pulsatility index and mean @entity254 diameter were significantly lower and mean percentage of @entity850 was significantly higher in the @entity850 than the nonstenosis group (P < .001 each). Optimal cutoffs for venous pulsatility index, @entity254 diameter, and percentage of @entity850 were 0.16, 3.7 mm, and 47%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were 86.7% and 68.0% for venous pulsatility index, 96.7% and 88.0% for @entity254 diameter, and 96.7% and 86.0% for percentage of @entity850 , respectively. At ROC analysis, @entity254 diameter (P = .002) and percentage of @entity850 (P = .003) were significantly more accurate than venous pulsatility index. CONCLUSION: CT is more accurate than Doppler US for @entity99 after LDLT, with venous pulsatility index as the sole sonographic criterion. @entity1 suspected of having @entity99 at Doppler US may benefit from CT to reduce unnecessary venography.

title: Right @entity99 at XXXX in @entity1 after living donor liver transplantation: optimal Doppler US venous pulsatility index and CT criteria--receiver operating characteristic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['RHV stenosis', 'hepatic venography', 'RHV', 'right hepatic vein']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: PREMISE OF THE STUDY: A growing number of studies document effects of inbreeding on plant interactions with insect herbivores, including deleterious effects on direct and indirect plant defenses. However, our understanding of the specific mechanisms mediating such effects remains limited. Here we examine how inbreeding affects constitutive and induced expression of stru @entity2383 ines and trichomes) in common horsenettle, Solanum carolinense.     METHODS: Inbred and outbred progeny from nine maternal families of horsenettle were assigned to three treatments: control, Mand @entity4079 e @entity16 mechanical damage. Numbers of internode spines and the density of abaxial and adaxial trichomes were assessed before and after (21 d) damage treatments. Data on internode length, flowering time, and total flower production was also collected to explore the costs of defense induction.     KEY RESULTS: Inbreeding adversely affected constitutive and induced physical/stru @entity2383 damaged outbred plants produced more abaxial and adaxial leaf trichomes and internode spines than did inbred plants. Foli @entity16 M. s @entity4079 vae also induced more trichomes (on new leaves) and internode spines on outbred plants. Both inbred and outbred plants exposed to mechanical or cate @entity16 shorter internodes than did control plants, but inbred damaged plants had longer internodes than did outbred damaged plants. Control outbred plants produced significantly more flowers than did control inbred plants or damaged plants of either breeding type.     CONCLUSIONS: Constitutive and induced stru @entity2383 horsenettle were negatively affected by inbreeding. Reduced flower production and internode length on damaged plants compared to controls suggests that defense induction entails significant costs.

title: Constitutive and herbivore-induced XXXX are compromised by inbreeding in Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae).

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta', 'M. sexta']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Foliar damage', 'caterpillar damage']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural defenses']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['structural defenses']


abstract: The @entity1 commensal pathogen @entity328 expresses a number of virulence factors that promote serious @entity66 , resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. These virulence factors may give @entity2260 the capacity to escape immune defenses, resist antimicrobial agents, or a combination of both. Virulence factors also present possible points of therapeutic intervention. The activities of the surface endonuclease, EndA, allow @entity2260 to establish invasive @entity7706 . EndA's role in DNA uptake during transformation contributes to gene transfer and genetic diversification. Moreover, EndA's nuclease activity degrades the DNA backbone of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), allowing pneumococcus to escape host immune responses. Given its potential impact on pneumococcal pathogenicity, EndA is an attractive target for novel antimicrobial therapy. Herein, we describe the development of a high-throughput screening assay for the discovery of nuclease inhibitors. Nuclease-mediated digestion of double-stranded DNA was assessed using fluorescence changes of the DNA dye ligand, PicoGreen. Under optimized conditions, the assay provided robust and reproducible activity data (Z'= 0.87) and was used to screen 4727 small molecules against an @entity8304 -rescued variant of EndA. In total, six small molecules were confirmed as novel EndA inhibitors, some of which may have utility as research tools for understanding pneumococcal pathogenesis and for drug discovery.

title: Inhibitors of XXXX surface endonuclease EndA discovered by high-throughput screening using a PicoGreen fluorescence assay.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal diseases']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if genetic variation in genes in the @entity2339 , the primary stress response system, influences susceptibility to developing @entity4512 . METHODS: @entity158 and comorbidity data was collected at three time points in a prospective population-based cohort study. Pairwise tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and genotyped for seven genes. Genetic association analysis was carried out using zero-inflated negative binomial regression to test for association between SNPs and the maximum number of @entity158 sites across the three time points in @entity1 reporting @entity158 , reported as proportional changes with 95% CIs. SNPs were also tested for association with chronic @entity158 (CWP) using logistic regression reporting odds ratios and 95% CI. RESULTS: A total of 75 SNPs were successfully genotyped in 994 @entity1 including 164 cases with persistent CWP and 172 @entity158 -free controls. Multiple SNPs in @entity8149 were associated with the maximum number of @entity158 sites; for example, each copy of the T allele of @entity56043 was associated with having 16% (proportional change=1.16, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.28, p=0.006) more @entity158 sites compared to @entity1 with the CC genotype. @entity8149 gene SNPs were also associated with CWP. Significant associations between the maximum number of @entity158 sites and SNPs in the @entity11819 and POMC genes were also observed and a SNP in @entity4787 was also associated with CWP. Associations between SNPs and comorbidity of poor sleep quality and @entity308 explained some of the associations observed. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variation in HPA axis genes was associated with @entity4512 ; however, some of the associations were explained by comorbidities. Replication of these findings is required in independent cohorts.

title: Genetic variation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis influences susceptibility to XXXX : results from the EPIFUND study.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'widespread pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: Condylar buttress plates were applied in six @entity1 with total knee arthroplasties and supracondylar @entity174 . According to the criteria of @entity9909 , 50% of the @entity1 had a satisfactory result with an average follow-up period of 17 months. Time to union (full weight bearing) averaged 14 weeks. The final coronal femorotibial alignment averaged 5 degrees of valgus, whereas preoperative valgus had averaged 8 degrees. Four @entity1 were @entity158 free and the two others had minimal @entity158 that did not interfere with daily activity. Knee motion averaged 97 degrees. All @entity1 were ambulating; five of six @entity1 needed two crutches outdoors for reasons unrelated to the index @entity174 . Four @entity1 had @entity309 ( @entity309 ) with multiple joint involvement, and the fifth was debilitated secondary to old age. No nonunion, loss of fixation, or @entity281 occurred. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using the condylar buttress plate provides stable fixation, allowing early knee motion and ambulation. If extreme @entity170 is present, the addition of bone cement enhances screw fixation.

title: Internal fixation of supracondylar XXXX after condylar total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The changes in the excitability of the reorganized axonal membrane in @entity17 as well as the causes conditioning such changes have been investigated by paired stimulation during the first 30 ms of the recovery cycle. The variations of the action potential parameters (amplitude and velocity) are traced also. The simulation of the conduction along the normal fiber is based on the Frankenhaeuser and Huxley (1964) and Goldman and Albus (1968) equations, while the @entity17 is considered to be an elongation of the nodes of Ranvier. The axonal membrane reorganization is achieved by means of @entity972 channel blocking and increase of the @entity1372 -channel permeability. It is shown that @entity972 channels block decreases membrane excitability for the myelinated and demyelinated fibres in the cases of initial and paired stimulation. With increasing @entity1372 -channel permeability on the background of the blocked @entity972 channels, the membrane excitability is increased. For the fibres with a reorganized membrane, a supernormality of the membrane excitability is obtained, the latter remaining unrecovered during the 30 ms cycle under investigation. The supernormality of the excitability grows from the demyelinated fibre without reorganized membrane to the demyelinated fibre with reorganized one. For short interstimulus intervals, the second action potential propagates along the fibres with a reduced velocity and a decreased amplitude. No supernormality of the potential parameters (amplitude, velocity) is observed during the cycle up to 30 ms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Conduction along XXXX with a reorganized axonal membrane during the recovery cycle: model investigations.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'myelinated and demyelinated nerve fibres']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['myelinated and demyelinated nerve fibres']


abstract: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Several studies have shown that defects in DNA-damage response are associated with good survival after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, loss of cell cycle regulators may be prognostic indicators of poor survival after cystectomy. However, the potential clinical impact of previous findings is hampered by insufficient validation of significant results in suitable cystectomy and radiotherapy cohorts. Here we use a large cohort of @entity1 receiving radiotherapy to successfully validate the importance of @entity15124 as a predictive marker of disease-specific survival ( @entity66 ). Furthermore, using two independent @entity1 cohorts we show for the first time that @entity24377 is a predictive marker of @entity66 after cystectomy. We show that combined use of @entity24377 and @entity15124 may hold the potential to guide treatment decisions. OBJECTIVE:     To determine the association between the proteins: @entity24377 ( @entity24377 ), @entity986 , meiotic recombination 11 homolog ( @entity15124 ), @entity1129 mutated ( @entity14050 ), @entity995 protein (Rb), Ki67, and @entity876 and clinical outcome in invasive lymph node-negative @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS:     Protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in @entity5 specimens from two independent cohorts of @entity1 with @entity150 treated with cystectomy (162 @entity1 and 273) and one cohort of @entity1 receiving radiotherapy (148).     @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was used as the outcome measure, and @entity1 with no disease-specific death were followed for a minimum of 36 months. RESULTS:     @entity24377 was significantly correlated with @entity66 in both cystectomy cohorts (hazard ratio [HR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26-0.68, P < 0.001 and HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28-0.72, P = 0.001).     @entity15124 was significantly correlated with @entity66 in the cohort receiving radiotherapy (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.86, P = 0.005).     @entity986 was significantly correlated with @entity66 in all three cohorts (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30-0.75, P = 0.032; HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.97, P = 0.032; HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.96, P = 0.001).     Rb was significantly correlated with @entity66 in one cystectomy cohort (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.13-2.75, P = 0.017).     Ki67, @entity876 , and pATM were not significantly correlated with @entity66 in any of the cohorts. CONCLUSIONS:     @entity24377 protein expression was a predictive marker for @entity66 after cystectomy in two independent cohorts. This novel marker was the strongest predictive factor in multivariate analysis in @entity1 receiving cystectomy.     @entity15124 was shown to be a predictive marker for @entity66 after radiotherapy.     We have shown that @entity24377 and @entity15124 hold the potential to guide @entity1 with @entity150 to either cystectomy or radiotherapy. This study was based on retrospective material and consequently we suggest that these markers should be validated in a prospective study.

title: Expression of @entity24377 (tat-interactive protein) and XXXX (meiotic recombination 11 homolog) predict treatment-specific outcome of localised @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Disease-specific survival', 'DSS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity24377 :: ('10524', 'Gene') :: ['TIP60', 'tat-interactive protein 60 kDa']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity15124 :: (4361,Gene) :: ['MRE11']


abstract: The levels of lipid @entity273 (LHPs) in vitreous are elevated in a variety of @entity989 . Recently, we have shown that increased levels of LHPs in the vitreous enhanced leukocyte-endothelium interaction in the retina, which should contribute to the initial disturbance of the retinal microcirculation. Based upon the previous work, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of @entity968 - @entity224 dismutase ( @entity970 -SOD), one of the important enzyme antioxidants, on leukocyte-endothelial interaction in the retinal microcirculation under LHP-induced oxidative stress. Male Brown- @entity35 weighing approximately 250 g were used. LHP(18:2) was made from @entity4722 (LA) with lipoxygenase and 10 microg of LHP dissolved in 5 microl of @entity33504 buffer (SBB, 0.02 m) was slowly injected into the vitreous using a 33-gauge needle. @entity970 -SOD (5000 units/kg) was given intravenously 5 min before LHP injection. At 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr after the vitreous injections, we evaluated the number of rolling leukocytes along the major retinal veins and the number of leukocytes that accumulated in the retinal microvasculature with @entity8574 orange digital fluorography. In LHP-treated @entity35 , leukocyte rolling along the major retinal veins was maximal at 6 hr after LHP injection. The number of rolling leukocytes in the @entity970 -SOD-treated @entity35 was decreased to 5.5% of those in the LHP-treated @entity35 at 6 hr after LHP injection (P<0.01). No rolling leukocytes were observed in either control or vehicle-treated eyes. The number of accumulated leukocytes in LHP-treated eyes started to increase at 12 hr, and peaked at 24 hr which was significantly higher than in both control and vehicle-treated eyes (P<0.01). The number of accumulated leukocytes in the @entity970 -SOD-treated @entity35 was reduced by 88.0% at 24 hr (P<0.01). Intravenous injection of @entity52385 significantly inhibited the leukocyte rolling and its accumulation under LHP-induced oxidative stress. These results suggest that @entity970 -SOD might attenuate various retinal microcirculatory disorders associated with LHP.

title: Protective effect of @entity968 - XXXX dismutase on leukocyte dynamics in @entity35 retinal microcirculation under lipid @entity273 -induced oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity33504 :: ('MESH:C010634', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium borate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Norway rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']