abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sleep disturbances such as nocturnal awakenings frequently occur in demented elderly @entity1 and can contribute to @entity308 , @entity73 , and caregiver burden. Recognizing @entity25 at an early stage of the disease progress is a first prerequisite of intervention and monitoring of progress. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of subjective sleep reports in early- and moderate-stage @entity195 ( @entity195 ), by investigating whether they differ from matched healthy normal comparison groups with respect to the discrepancy of subjective and objective sleep estimates. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the @entity25 Questionnaire, and the Athens Insomnia Scale. Objective sleep was estimated using actigraphy. RESULTS: As compared with the normal comparison group (N = 26), @entity195 @entity1 (N = 55) complained less of @entity22 , while their objective sleep estimates indicated, in fact, more disturbed sleep, including a longer sleep onset latency and a lower sleep efficiency. Regression analyses aimed at predicting actigraphic sleep parameter estimates from their subjective counterparts showed significant predictive value of only very few subjective @entity25 . Subjective reports of both @entity1 and the normal comparison group had significant value in predicting actigraphic indices of total sleep time and bedtime. In addition, subjective reports of the normal comparison group, but not of @entity1 , were of value to predict actigraphic indices of sleep onset latency, average sleep bout duration, and sleep efficiency. CONCLUSION: The results show that the value of sleep questionnaires is limited in early- and moderate-stage @entity195 . Actigraphy may be essential to ensure that sleep problems do not go undetected and untreated.

title: Discrepancy between subjective and objective @entity25 in early- and moderate-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer dementia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances', 'Sleep Disorders', 'sleep parameters']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neoplastic changes represent an important part of @entity5409 in pancreas. It is morphologically non-homogenous group of @entity5 with different occurrence depending on sex and age, different localization and different biologic properties. The aim of the paper is to remind current knowledge of this topic and confront it with our own experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Together 13 @entity1 with histologically proved @entity5 of pancreas underwent surgery during the period of ten years from 1997 to 2007. They represent 6% of all @entity1 operated for @entity788 (213 @entity1 ). @entity1 (9 @entity1 ) represented more than two thirds of all operated @entity1 and deposits were more often localized in the head of pancreas (8). RESULTS: The most frequent operation was partial duodenopancreatectomy (7) and most frequently @entity7157 was identified histologically (5 times). Median survival of these @entity1 is 54 months. Left sided resection, done in 5 cases, identified @entity5 in all @entity1 ; no recurrence was found in 2 years follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity5 localized in the pancreatic head are more frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 and predominantly malignant, on the contrary localization in the tail of pancreas is particularly in younger @entity1 linked with @entity5 . Prognosis after resection is markedly better in malignant processes even in comparison with @entity513 .

title: [ XXXX of the pancreas].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic deposits']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic neoplasms', 'benign tumor', 'cystic neoplasm', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cystic neoplasms']


abstract: PURPOSE: The optimal method for providing enteral nutrition to @entity1 with @entity135 is unclear. The  purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of our reactive policy, which consists of the installation of a nasogastric (NG) feeding tube only when required by the @entity1 's nutritional status. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The records of all @entity1 with Stage III and IV @entity135 treated with concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy between January 2003 and December 2006 were reviewed. The overall and disease-free survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS: The present study included 253 @entity1 , and the median follow-up was 33 months. At 3 years, the estimated overall survival and disease-free survival rate was 82.8% and 77.8%, respectively, for the whole population. No survival difference was observed when the @entity1 were compared according to the presence and absence of a NG tube or stratified by weight loss quartile. The mean weight loss during treatment for all @entity1 was 10.4%. The proportion of @entity1 requiring a NG tube was 49.8%, and the NG tube remained in place for a median duration of 40 days. No major complications were associated with NG tube installation. Only 3% of the @entity1 were still dependent on enteral feeding at 6 months. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the use of a reactive NG tube with an interdisciplinary team approach is a safe and effective method to manage @entity3147 in @entity1 treated with concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for @entity135 .

title: Enteral feeding during chemoradiotherapy for advanced XXXX : a single-institution experience using a reactive approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined whether there is a difference in the incidence of urinary continence in cloacal and classic @entity1494 after staged bladder neck reconstruction using the Young-Dees-Leadbetter technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of @entity1 with cloacal and classic @entity1494 who underwent staged bladder neck reconstruction from 1971 to 1997. RESULTS: The Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction was completed in 23 @entity1 with @entity7891 , of whom 5 (22%) became continent and 18 (78%) have persistent @entity322 . A clinically apparent @entity16 significantly hindered the achievement of continence. Specifically 1 of the 13 @entity1 (7%) with versus 4 of the 10 (40%) without a @entity16 became continent (p <0.05). In contrast, staged reconstruction of classic @entity1494 resulted in urinary continence in 67 of the 82 @entity1 (82%). Of the 67 continent @entity1 23 (34%) cannot void and require intermittent catheterization. None of the @entity1 with classic exstrophy had a @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: The ability of the Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction to result in urinary continence significantly differs in the cloacal and classic @entity1494 populations (22 versus 82%, p <0.001). Our findings also suggest that a coexisting @entity16 significantly hinders the ability to reconstruct a functional bladder in @entity1 with @entity7891 .

title: Urinary continence after staged bladder reconstruction for XXXX : the effect of coexisting @entity16 on urinary continence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity7891 :: ('MESH:D001746', 'Disease') :: ['cloacal exstrophy']

answer: @entity7891 :: (MESH:D001746,Disease) :: ['cloacal exstrophy']


abstract: A longitudinal electromyographic study was carried out on fifteen shoe-industry workers (one @entity1 and fourteen @entity1 ) affected with toxic @entity305 . The mean values of age, duration of exposure and lenght of the follow-up period were 23.2 years, 4.2 years and 12.2 months, respectively. Twelve subjects (80%) had a sensory-motor involvement of both upper and lower limbs; in the remainder, only the latter were affected. From a clinical standpoint, the @entity305 was classified as mild in seven subjects (46.6%), moderate in four (26.7%) and severe in four. On the basis of electromyographic criteria (maximal motor nerve conduction velocity; features of voluntary contraction tracings; existence of spontaneous activity recorded in different points of the same muscle), the @entity305 could be defined as mild in two @entity1 (13.3%), moderate in three (20%) and severe in 10 (66.7%). In eight subjects (53.3%) the @entity854 disappeared completely, through a gradual improvement in six and alternative phases of improvement and worsening in two. As for the remainder @entity1 (7, viz. 46.6%), improvement and worsening in two. As for the remainder @entity1 (7, viz. 46.6%), four showed a reduction of their @entity854 , whereas no significant changes occurred in the last three. The obtained results are discussed and the following conclusions drawn: 1. the lower limbs are mostly affected, both clinically and electromyographically; 2. the clinical symptoms do not parallel the electromyographic findings; 3. the course of the disease appears to be independent of the initial electromyographic pattern; 4. recovery appears to occur in most instances within approximately eighteen months since the onset of symptoms, generally without significant residual deficit. Finally, the role of electromyography in the diagnosis and the follow-up study of the observed toxic @entity305 is underlined.

title: [Toxic XXXX in shoe-industry workers. A longitudinal electromyographic study (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['electromyographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['polyneuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A prospective, phase III randomized study was undertaken to compare the outcomes of 2 different radiotherapy and chemotherapy sequences in conservatively treated @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: Between January 1997 and November 2002, 206 @entity1 operated of quadrantectomy and axillary dissection for @entity0 , candidates to receive adjuvant CMF chemotherapy ( @entity786 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 ) were assigned to concurrent or sequential radiation treatment by using a balanced randomization method. Before randomization @entity1 were stratified by @entity5 diameter, age, and lymph node status. The primary end point was the freedom from breast recurrence, and secondary end points were overall and disease-free survival. Overall outcomes were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: All 206 @entity1 enrolled and randomized in the trial were analyzed. The median follow-up was 111 months, with no @entity1 lost for follow-up. No difference in 10-years breast recurrence-free, disease-free, @entity3 -free, and overall survival rates was observed in the 2 treatment sequence groups. The Hazard Ratios, calculated for each prognostic factor, showed no difference in all outcomes between the 2 treatment sequences. CONCLUSIONS: No influence of the treatment sequence on long-term outcomes was observed in this trial. This finding suggests that to avoid an increased risk of distant recurrence or an excessive @entity137 , radiation therapy may be delayed until after the end of the more, recently used, @entity4349 -based chemotherapy without increasing the risk of breast recurrences, thus allowing the delivery of full-dose chemotherapy in @entity1 at risk for @entity262 spread.

title: Long-term results of a randomized trial on the sequencing of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Integrins mediate the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix and are believed to be involved in @entity5 cell survival and @entity3 , and in @entity5 angiogenesis. We used immunohistochemistry of fresh-frozen @entity1 @entity5 tissues to analyze the presence of integrins avb3, avb5 and a5b1, which are believed to be involved in @entity5 growth and @entity4222 , together with integrin ligands, @entity4732 , @entity1096 , fibronectin and @entity2002 , in @entity1 @entity957 . Samples of @entity957 and control tissues from @entity1 without @entity5 undergoing oral or maxillofacial surgery were frozen in liquid @entity1568 within 30 min of removal. Frozen sections were prepared, and the presence of integrins or ligands was visualized using standard immunohistochemistry (APAAP) with a blinded evaluation. Comparison of samples from the 40 @entity5 @entity1 and the 20 controls revealed increased staining in @entity5 compared with the controls, and staining was demonstrated for avb3 in endothelia. avb5 staining was increased in the @entity5 samples, but this was associated with increased expression in stroma rather than in endothelia. Modestly increased expression of a5b1 was observed in the @entity5 samples, and this was associated with @entity5 cells, endothelia and stroma. Expression of ligands for the integrins varied between tissue types, with increased @entity2002 and fibronectin expression in @entity5 endothelia. Confirmation of the presence of these integrins and their association with @entity5 cells, endothelia or stroma suggests their potential for these integrins in @entity1 @entity5 . Overall, the increased expression of integrins within @entity5 , particularly expression associated with endothelial cells, supports the principle of selective integrin blockade as a novel anticancer strategy.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of integrins avb3, avb5 and a5b1, and their ligands, @entity2002 , fibronectin, @entity1096 and XXXX , in frozen sections of @entity1 oral head and neck @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral tumors', 'cancer', 'oral cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity4732 :: (7448,Gene) :: ['vitronectin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated blood @entity413 levels are reported with @entity2740 -type diuretic treatment of @entity101 . The significance of this finding is uncertain. Our objectives were to compare the effect of first-step antihypertensive drug therapy with @entity2740 -type diuretic, @entity460 -channel blocker, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on fasting @entity413 (FG) levels and to determine cardiovascular and @entity8 risks associated with elevated FG levels and incident @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in 3 treatment groups. METHODS: We performed post hoc subgroup analyses from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity299 Trial (ALLHAT) among nondiabetic @entity1 who were randomized to receive treatment with @entity9804 (n = 8419), @entity3591 (n = 4958), or @entity3593 (n = 5034) and observed for a mean of 4.9 years. RESULTS: Mean FG levels increased during follow-up in all treatment groups. At year 2, those randomized to the @entity9804 group had the greatest increase (+8.5 mg/dL [0.47 mmol/L] vs +5.5 mg/dL [0.31 mmol/L] for @entity3591 and +3.5 mg/dL [0.19 mmol/L] for @entity3593 ). The odds ratios for developing @entity6 with @entity3593 (0.55 [95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.70]) or @entity3591 (0.73 [95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.91]) vs @entity9804 at 2 years were significantly lower than 1.0 (P<.01). There was no significant association of FG level change at 2 years with subsequent @entity301 , @entity64 , @entity65 , total mortality, or @entity454 . There was no significant association of incident @entity6 at 2 years with clinical outcomes, except for @entity301 (risk ratio, 1.64; P = .006), but the risk ratio was lower and nonsignificant in the @entity9804 group (risk ratio, 1.46; P = .14). CONCLUSIONS: Fasting @entity413 levels increase in older adults with @entity101 regardless of treatment type. For those taking @entity9804 vs other medications, the risk of developing FG levels higher than 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L) is modestly greater, but there is no conclusive or consistent evidence that this diuretic-associated increase in @entity6 risk increases the risk of clinical events.

title: Fasting XXXX levels and incident @entity6 in older nondiabetic adults randomized to receive 3 different classes of antihypertensive treatment: a report from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity299 Trial (ALLHAT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Attack']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity9804 :: ('MESH:D002752', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorthalidone']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate risk factors for preoperative and @entity260 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Departments of orthopedic surgery in two Norwegian hospitals. @entity1 : Three hundred sixty-four @entity1 with and without @entity73 , aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 were screened daily for @entity933 using the Confusion Assessment Method. Established risk factors and risk factors regarded as clinically important according to expert opinion were explored in univariate analyses. Variables associated with the outcomes (P<.05) were entered into multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: @entity933 was present in 50 of 237 (21.1%) assessable @entity1 preoperatively, whereas 68 of 187 (36.4%) @entity1 developed @entity933 postoperatively (incident @entity933 ). Multivariate logistic regression identified four risk factors for @entity933 : @entity73 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.7, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.9-11.3), @entity130 (AOR=3.6, 95% CI=1.1-12.2), fever (AOR=3.4, 95% CI=1.5-7.7), and preoperative waiting time (AOR=1.05, 95% CI=1.0-1.1 per hour). @entity73 (AOR=2.9, 95% CI=1.4-6.2), @entity130 (AOR=2.9, 95% CI=1.1-6.3), and body mass index (BMI) less than 20.0 (AOR=2.9, 95% CI=1.3-6.7) were independent and statistically significant risk factors for @entity260 . CONCLUSION: Time from admission to operation is a risk factor for @entity933 , whereas low BMI is an important risk factor for @entity260 in @entity173 @entity1 . @entity73 and @entity130 are independent risk factors for preoperative and @entity260 .

title: Risk factors for preoperative and @entity260 in elderly XXXX with @entity173 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium', 'preoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['indoor injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. Using crossed immunoaffinity electrophoresis with free concanavalin A in the first dimension, we studied the glycan microheterogeneity of @entity8698 in sera from @entity1 with @entity226 and/or @entity2760 rheumatica, and its variation in the serum of several of these @entity1 during induction of disease remission by @entity229 therapy and possible further recurrence of @entity226 and/or @entity2760 rheumatica. 2. In the serum of @entity1 with @entity66 we observed increased proportions of concanavalin A nonreactive and concanavalin A weakly reactive fractions. The results were expressed as the ratio of concanavalin A non-reactive fraction plus concanavalin A weakly reactive fraction to concanavalin A reactive fraction, called R alpha 1-ACT. An R alpha 1-ACT higher than 1.8 (upper normal value) was found in 30/31 sera from @entity1 with @entity66 (sensitivity 97%) and in 2/22 sera from @entity1 with inactive disease (specificity 91%). 3. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the serum @entity1851 level, common markers of biological @entity32 , are usually elevated in active @entity226 and/or @entity2760 rheumatica. The two parameters are commonly used to guide the therapy during the course of the disease, but they have no specificity. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate of greater than 30 mm/h was found in 30/31 sera from @entity1 with @entity66 (sensitivity 97%) and in 5/22 sera from @entity1 with inactive disease (specificity 77%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Microheterogeneity of @entity8698 in the management of XXXX and @entity2760 rheumatica.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant-cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity8698 :: ('12', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 1-antichymotrypsin']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['giant-cell arteritis']


abstract: We have compared the efficacy of @entity1859 - and @entity1885 -labelled probes in detecting HPV DNA by in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 57 male @entity75 . Each biopsy was hybridized with at least three of the following four methods: @entity1859 -labelled HPV DNA probes (Dig-HPV), biotinylated HPV-DNA probes (Bio-HPV), and two commercial methods (ViraType in situ and PathoGene), both based on biotinylated DNA probes. The hybridization products were visualized with colourigenic enzyme substrates. In most biopsies, the 4 methods gave equal results although @entity8625 was most often found with the low-stringency ViraType method. Dig-HPV 6/11 probes gave positive results about twice as often as either of the commercial methods. No such difference, however, was found for @entity1799 /18 probes. DNA of any type of HPV 6/11, 16/18 or 31/33/35 or 51 was detected in 28/43 (65%) of lesions showing condyloma acuminatum histology but in none of the 14 biopsies with no histological signs of @entity281 . In @entity3502 with no cellular atypia. HPV 6/11 was detected in 87% (13/15), and @entity1799 /18 in 27% (4/15). In biopsies with cellular atypia, HPV types 6/11 were detected in 62% (8/13), HPV types 16/18 in 46% (6/13), and HPV types 31/33/35 or 51 in 50% (6/12). In about 50% of the biopsies where at least one hybridization method gave a positive result, either one of the commercial methods gave a negative result.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of four in situ hybridization methods, based on XXXX - and @entity1885 -labelled probes, in detecting HPV DNA in male condylomata acuminata.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['condyloma-suspect genital lesions']

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity3502 :: ('MESH:D003218', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive condylomata']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['cross-hybridization']

answer: @entity1859 :: (MESH:D004076,Chemical) :: ['digoxigenin']


abstract: Female adolescents in treatment for @entity132 are often diagnosed as suffering from @entity4225 . The usual treatment plan for such a diagnosis is based upon limit setting and boundary reinforcement. When this fails to produce results, the diagnosis comes into question. The present paper investigated 85 female adolescents who were being treated for problems associated with differentiation and emancipation in an inpatient setting. A treatment variation was introduced which suggested that these females were more likely to be suffering from a variety of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). When their ritualistic behavioral repetitions were addressed by cognitive behavioral approaches, the behavior decreased. The struggle with boundary issues and references to the historical context of misery and deprivation became less frequent when the focus shifted to current behavior. Two groups emerged through the analysis of data. No difference in behavior or response to treatment could be established, but one group lacked a specific troubling experience which is essential for a diagnosis of @entity1005 . Maladaptive social behavior (e.g., splitting and projection) were accepted as confounding factors associated with cognitive style rather than "borderline" symptoms. With the new approach, recidivism decreased 14% and the number of outbursts diminished 10% to 12%. The altered treatment approach confirmed the hypothesis that these adolescents were experiencing the effects of @entity130 (actual or perceived) rather than some disabling @entity1314 .

title: Perceived XXXX : its etiology and treatment.

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Seventy @entity1 received @entity4255 40 mg once daily, @entity9691 60 mg twice daily, or placebo in a 14-day, double-blind, randomized study. Four nasal and four non-nasal symptoms associated with @entity2023 were evaluated. At the endpoint (the last evaluable visit), the mean total scores of combined nasal and non-nasal symptoms decreased (improved) from the baseline by 51.8% and 55.7% with @entity4255 and @entity9691 , respectively, but increased (worsened) by 6.1% with placebo. There was a significant difference between both the @entity4255 and @entity9691 treatment groups and the placebo group (P = 0.001) but not between the active medication groups (P = 0.608). Overall therapeutic response was good or excellent in 14 of the 23 @entity1 given @entity4255 , in 18 of the 24 given @entity9691 and in none of the 23 given placebo. The difference between each active medication group and the placebo group was significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) but there was no significant difference between the two active treatment groups (P greater than 0.35). No @entity4255 @entity1 had any adverse side-effects. Sedating effects occurred in one @entity9691 @entity1 , @entity10 in one placebo @entity1 and two @entity9691 @entity1 (one @entity9691 @entity1 with severe @entity10 discontinued treatment), and @entity2210 in two placebo patients. No anti-cholinergic effects occurred in this study. @entity4255 40 mg once daily was effective and safe in the relief of symptoms of @entity2023 .

title: @entity4255 ( XXXX ) 40 mg once daily versus @entity9691 60 mg twice daily in the treatment of @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4255 :: ('MESH:D017336', 'Chemical') :: ['loratadine', 'Loratadine']

answer: @entity4255 :: (MESH:D017336,Chemical) :: ['SCH29851']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit (ICU) and mechanical ventilation (MV) acquired limb muscle and diaphragm dysfunction may both be associated with longer length of stay and worse outcome. Whether they are two aspects of the same entity or whether they have a different prevalence and prognostic impact remains unclear. This study was designed to quantify the prevalence and coexistence of these two forms of ICU-acquired @entity425 and their impact on outcome. METHODS: In @entity1 undergoing a first spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) after at least 24 h of MV, diaphragm dysfunction was evaluated using twitch tracheal pressure in response to bilateral anterior magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation (a pressure <11 cm @entity4358 defined dysfunction) and ultrasonography (thickening fraction (TFdi) and excursion). Limb @entity425 was defined as a Medical Research Council (MRC) score <48. RESULTS: 76 @entity1 were assessed at their first SBT: 63% had diaphragm dysfunction, 34% had limb @entity425 and 21% had both. There was a significant but weak correlation between MRC score and twitch pressure (Rho=0.26, p=0.03) and TFdi (Rho=0.28, p=0.01), respectively. Low twitch pressure (OR 0.60, 95%CI 0.45-0.79, p<0.001) and TFdi (OR 0.84, 95%CI 0.76-0.92, p<0.001) were independently associated with @entity177 , but the MRC score was not. @entity409 was associated with higher ICU and hospital mortality, and limb @entity425 was associated with longer duration of MV and hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: @entity409 is twice as frequent as limb @entity425 and has a direct negative impact on weaning outcome. The two types of @entity425 have only limited overlap.

title: Coexistence and Impact of Limb Muscle and Diaphragm Weakness at Time of Liberation From Mechanical Ventilation in Medical ICU XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Diaphragm dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['weaning failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: To describe the multidetector computed tomography features of @entity788 ( @entity1822 ). METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 2012, 13 consecutive @entity1 (11 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; mean age of 57 years; range, 38-78 years) with pancreatic @entity3 from @entity1822 were included in our study. Imaging features including location, number, largest dimension, @entity5 attenuation and enhancement characteristics, presence of @entity39 , @entity1124 , common bile duct (CBD) dilatation, presence of @entity788 , and @entity194 were documented. RESULTS: The most common site of origin of the pancreatic @entity3 from @entity1822 was uterus (38.5%), followed by retroperitoneum (30.8%) and extremity (23.1%). None of the @entity1 in our study had pancreas as the first site of @entity3 . All @entity1 developed pancreatic @entity3 at a median interval of 24 mo. Pancreatic @entity3 from @entity1822 were solitary in 8/13 @entity1 and multiple in 5/13 @entity1 , had no predilection for any part of the pancreas, were hypovascular on arterial phase in 10/13 @entity1 and associated with @entity384 in 3/13 @entity1 . None had @entity1157 . None of the pancreatic @entity3 in @entity1822 cohort caused @entity788 , and @entity194 . Median duration of follow-up was 19 mo for @entity1822 cohort during which two @entity1 underwent resection of @entity3 (median survival 45 mo) while the remaining underwent systemic therapy (median survival 13 mo). CONCLUSION: Pancreatic @entity3 from @entity1822 are often solitary and hypovascular masses and less commonly associated with @entity1124 , @entity1157 , @entity788 or @entity788 . Surgical resection of solitary @entity1822 pancreatic @entity3 can be considered due to the long survival of these @entity1 .

title: Multidetector computed tomography features of pancreatic @entity3 from @entity1822 : Experience at a tertiary XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic atrophy', 'pancreatic metastasis from leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic duct dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['CBD dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7057 , secondary to both intrahepatic and extrahepatic portal @entity101 , is an uncommon entity. In this condition, the extrahepatic and the @entity409 , produce a more severe form of @entity7057 that is more difficult to control. The results of surgical treatment (modified Sugiura-Futagawa operation) in this subset of @entity1 is analyzed. METHODS: Among 714 @entity1 with a history of @entity7057 , 14 cases were found with histologically proven liver @entity82 and complete @entity715 demonstrated by means of preoperative angiography. @entity1 with incomplete (partial) @entity715 were excluded. There were nine males and 5 females with a mean age of 51 years. @entity7160 was demonstrated in 50% of the cases, post hepatitic @entity82 in 28%, @entity2835 in 7%, and cryptogenic @entity82 in 14%. There were nine @entity1 -Pugh A and 5 B cases. All cases were treated by means of our modified Sugiura-Futagawa procedure. RESULTS: Bleeding recurrence from esophagogastric varices was shown in one case, colonic varices in one case and hypertensive gastropathy in another of the survivors. Post operative @entity75 was shown in 3 of the cases. The thirty-six month survival rate was 30% (Kaplan-Meier). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of intrahepatic plus extrahepatic portal @entity101 has a worse prognosis. Treatment options are limited (sclerotherapy and/or devascularization), because shunt surgery, TIPS and liver transplantation have a very restricted role and postoperative outcome is poor.

title: Results of surgical treatment (modified Sugiura-Futagawa operation) of portal @entity101 associated to complete @entity715 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7057 :: ('MESH:D020299', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic portal hypertension', 'hemorrhagic portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic obstruction of the portal vein, due to chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['splenomesoportal thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cereblon ( @entity32167 ) has been identified as a primary target of immunomodulatory drugs and is considered a biomarker for the prediction of outcomes after @entity2816 - or @entity6985 -based treatments. In this study, we evaluated @entity32167 expression in bone marrow (BM) tissue at diagnosis and investigated the relationship between @entity32167 expression and treatment outcomes after @entity2816 - or @entity1749 -based front-line therapies in 89 elderly @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). @entity32167 expression at the time of diagnosis was evaluated with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for @entity1582 cells in paraffin wax-embedded BM tissue. @entity32167 -immunostained slides were scored by intensity and diffuseness, and a total score of >6 was defined as @entity32167 -positive ( @entity32167 (+)). Thirty-eight @entity1 (45.2  %) were @entity32167 (+). Among @entity1 treated with @entity2816 -based regimens, @entity32167 (+) @entity1 showed a better treatment response than did @entity32167 -negative @entity1 (35.0 vs. 11.8  % complete response rate, respectively; HR   =   4.038, P   =   0.137). During a median follow-up of 31.8  months, @entity1 treated with @entity1749 -based regimens had a longer @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) than did @entity1 treated with @entity2816 -based regimens (15.6 vs. 13.2  months, respectively; P   =   0.047), but early mortality occurred frequently in @entity1 treated with @entity1749 -based regimens. Additionally, there was no significant difference in survival outcomes between @entity2816 - and @entity1749 -based regimens in @entity32167 (+) @entity1 (median @entity1054 , 13.8 vs. 15.6  months, respectively; P   =   0.842 and median OS, 39.3 vs. 30.1  months, respectively; P   =   0.074). These data suggest that @entity2816 -based regimens are as effective as @entity1749 -based regimens in elderly @entity1 with @entity1582 who are @entity32167 (+). Thus, @entity32167 positivity, by IHC staining, may be useful in deciding appropriate treatment options in elderly @entity1 with @entity1582 .

title: @entity2816 -based induction regimens are as effective as XXXX -based regimens in elderly @entity1 with @entity1582 with cereblon expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['bortezomib']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced @entity0 . The combination of @entity8253 and @entity6023 is considered the first choice chemotherapy in advanced @entity0 . We report here the overall results of a phase II study of @entity1259 and @entity1205 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with locally advanced, nonmetastatic @entity0 were treated with @entity1259 , 90 mg/m2, @entity1205 , 75 mg/m2, intravenously, every 3 weeks for 4 cycles before and 4 cycles after surgery, followed by @entity440 for 5 years if @entity172 receptor positive and radiation therapy if indicated. @entity1 characteristics included a median age of 45 years; pre Ipostmenopausal, 311/14 @entity1 ; T3-T4 in 33, N0/N1 in 12/33; ductal/lobular in 42/3; ER+ in 23; and @entity1722 overexpression in 23. RESULTS: Clinical response included complete remission in 7 @entity1 and partial remission in 27 (response rate, 75%). All 45 @entity1 underwent surgery (quadrantectomy in 7). Histological examination of the breast and lymph nodes revealed no signs of disease in 3 @entity1 and @entity513 in situ only in 2. Twenty-five @entity1 completed the chemotherapy program. G3-G4 @entity137 included @entity1398 in 39 @entity1 . No other G3-4 @entity137 nor toxic @entity204 occurred. Median relapse-free and overall survival were 35 and 56 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The neoadjuvant treatment was active and well tolerated, but the incidence of pathologic complete remissions was relatively low.

title: XXXX and @entity1205 as neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced @entity0 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['Epirubicin']


abstract: It has been established previously that the grafted @entity1 fetal pancreas takes 2-3 months to reverse @entity6 in a recipient @entity1602 immunoincompetent @entity19 . The factors responsible for this have never been clarified. It was the aim of these experiments to investigate the effect of grafting various amounts of @entity1 fetal pancreas of gestational age 14-20 weeks into these animals, to determine if the time required for normalization of blood @entity413 levels could be altered. The amount of tissue grafted ranged from 2.6-49 mg (median 12.6 mg), which is the equivalent of 8-100% (median 31%) of a complete pancreas. The 25 @entity6 @entity19 became normoglycemic 66 days (range 28-147) after administration of @entity3839 , with normal or better-than-normal responses in an oral @entity413 tolerance test, and detectable @entity1 @entity2690 levels, which fluctuated in parallel with the @entity413 levels. The minimal time required for correction of @entity6 was 28 days, this occurring when 49 mg of tissue was grafted. Blood @entity413 levels rose from 2.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/L to 21.3 +/- 1.9 mmol/L after removal of the implants. Analysis of the results by stepwise multiple-linear-regression analysis revealed that the time required for normalization of blood @entity413 levels was dependent on three unrelated factors: the amount of tissue grafted (P = 0.002); the age of the fetal pancreas, as determined by the heel-toe length (P = 0.042); and the rate of growth of the implant (P = 0.031). These data demonstrate that it is advantageous to graft as much @entity1 fetal pancreas as possible, ideally from fetuses as old as possible, in order to achieve the most rapid reversal of @entity6 in athymic @entity19 . The clinical relevance of this information remains to be established.

title: Reversal of XXXX by @entity1 fetal pancreas. Optimization of requirements in the @entity1602 nude @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1 neurokinin-3 (NK(3)) receptors of the tachykinin family of neuropeptides have been shown to activate dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a midbrain area displaying @entity409 in @entity161 . The recent finding of NK(3) receptors in VTA neuronal nucleus highlights a new level of neuromodulation, in addition to the traditional @entity4756 -induced @entity28014 internalization and activation of second messenger signaling pathways. The function of nuclear NK(3) receptors is still unknown. It is also unclear how dopaminergic activation is affecting the @entity28014 distribution in the VTA. In the present study, trafficking of the @entity28014 in somatodendritic profiles of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons of the @entity35 VTA was investigated following acute systemic administration of the @entity935 D(1)/D(2) receptor agonist @entity3826 . VTA sections were dual immunolabeled for the @entity28014 (immunogold) and the @entity935 synthesizing enzyme @entity669 hydroxylase (TH, immunoperoxidase). Electron microscopic quantifications of somatic and dendritic densities of NK(3) immunogold particles with or without TH immunolabeling were compared in vehicle-injected or @entity3826 -injected @entity35 . In dopaminergic (TH) neurons, @entity3826 evoked a significant increase in @entity28014 densities in cytoplasmic and nuclear portions of the soma. These changes were accompanied by a respective decrease and increase in plasmalemmal and cytoplamic @entity28014 densities in dopaminergic dendrites. In non-TH neurons, presumably GABAergic neurons of the VTA, the @entity28014 densities in somata and dendrites were not significantly altered by @entity3826 . The results suggest that dopaminergic receptor activation is inducing a rapid mobilization of NK(3) receptors in VTA dopaminergic neurons. The @entity3826 -evoked NK(3) receptors plasticity might reflect dendritic internalization and translocation of NK(3) receptors toward the soma and nucleus. This trafficking is not observed in non-dopaminergic neurons of the VTA. The selective @entity3826 -evoked redistribution of VTA NK(3) receptors might have important implications in normal or pathological conditions such as @entity161 .

title: @entity3826 -evoked redistribution of neurokinin-3 receptors in dopaminergic dendrites and neuronal nuclei of the XXXX ventral tegmental area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic dysfunctional activity']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present long-term outcomes on the safety and efficacy of Yttrium-90 radioembolization in the treatment of unresectable hepatic neuroendocrine @entity3 refractory to standard-of-care therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study was approved by our institutional review board and was compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Forty @entity1 with hepatic neuroendocrine @entity3 were treated with (90)Y radioembolization at a single center. @entity137 was assessed using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria v3.0. Response to therapy was assessed by World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for size and European Association for the Study of the @entity409 (EASL) guidelines for @entity39 . Time to response and overall survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: The median dose was 113 Gy (29-299 Gy). Clinical @entity137 included @entity1295 (63%), @entity390 / @entity391 (40%), @entity490 (18%), @entity221 (8%), @entity294 and @entity353 (5%); Grade 3 and 4 @entity648 @entity137 were experienced by 2 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , respectively. Different responses were noted by WHO (complete response, 1.2%; partial response, 62.7%) and EASL (complete response, 20.5%; partial response, 43.4%). Median time to response was 4 and 4.9 months by lesion and @entity1 , respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 72.5%, 62.5%, and 45%, respectively. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score 0 (p < 0.0001), @entity5 burden  <=25% (p = 0.0019), @entity2313 >= 3.5 g/dL (p = 0.017), and @entity648  <=1.2 mg/dL (p = 0.002) prognosticated survival on univariate analysis; only ECOG performance score 0 and @entity648  <=1.2 mg/dL prognosticated better survival outcome on multivariate analysis (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Yttrium-90 therapy for hepatic neuroendocrine @entity3 leads to satisfactory @entity5 response and @entity1 survival with low @entity137 , in line with published national guidelines recommending radioembolization as a potential option for unresectable hepatic neuroendocrine @entity3 .

title: Radioembolization for neuroendocrine liver XXXX : safety, imaging, and long-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver disease']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The efficacy of combining resection and radiation in the management of advanced @entity1086 has not yet been defined. In this study, effects of combining radiation therapy on survival, local control and the pattern of recurrences were analyzed as a retrospective review. METHODOLOGY: From October 1976 to May 1996, 85 @entity1 with stage IV (pTNM) @entity1086 underwent various aggressive resection modalities in our institute, including 34 liver resections, 30 hepatopancreaticoduodenectomies. Intra-operative, external or intracavitary radiation therapy was supplemented to resection in 47 @entity1 . RESULTS: The 30-day operative mortality rate was 5.9% and the overall 5-year survival rate of stage @entity66 @entity1 was 6.3%; 3 @entity1 are living well more than 6 years after surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy yielded a significantly (p=0.0023) higher 5-year survival rate (8.9%) than resection alone (2.9%). The local control rate was significantly (p=0.0467) higher in the adjuvant radiation group than in the resection alone group (59.1% vs. 36.1%). However, there was no statistical difference in the frequency of distant metastasis between the two groups. Significant improvement (p=0.0028) of long-term survival was exhibited when radiation was used appropriately on @entity1 with microscopic residues only. Those with macroscopic or without microscopic residues failed to improve. The 5-year survival rate and median survival time of @entity1 receiving adjuvant radiation therapy for microscopic residues were 17.2% and 463 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant radiation therapy following aggressive resection, in certain circumstances, improves prognosis with acceptable operative mortality for stage IV @entity1086 .

title: Benefits of combining radiotherapy with aggressive resection for stage IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['IV disease']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: Clinical protocols have been designed to combine @entity902 -based drugs and radiation in the treatment of @entity5 . The rationale for this approach has been developed from preclinical studies demonstrating that @entity902 compounds can potentiate the cytotoxic effects of radiation toward cells. In the present study multicellular spheroids derived from @entity957 cell line @entity489 have been used to study the effects of both @entity900 and @entity3003 when administered prior to, concurrently, and after irradiation treatment. To study the influence of @entity902 compounds on sublethal damage repair, single and split doses of radiation were applied. @entity851 and proportion cured spheroids served as endpoints. Both @entity900 and @entity3003 had no potentiating effect when administered 24 hr prior to irradiation. When administered 3 hr after completion of irradiation procedures, growth delay after single and split doses were enhanced to the same extent. The drug enhancement ratio for @entity900 was larger (1.5) than for @entity3003 (1.2). Both single and split doses were enhanced by the same factor, which was interpreted as no effect on sublethal damage repair. When @entity902 compounds were present in the target cells at the time of irradiation, especially the split dose radiation response was strongly enhanced: the drug enhancement ratio was 3.9 for @entity900 and 3.2 for @entity3003 . Recovery from sublethal damage was totally repressed. This study shows that @entity902 compounds can potentiate radiation and that for maximum effect the sequence of the two treatment modalities is of utmost importance. Moreover, these results may in part explain the heterogeneous outcomes of trials combining @entity902 compounds and radiation.

title: Effectiveness in inhibition of recovery of cell survival by XXXX and @entity3003 : influence of treatment sequence.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth delay']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Sufficient @entity460 intake has been reported to support bone growth and prevent @entity604 during the ageing process. AIM: To determine the effect of @entity11070 MTCC 5463 probiotic dietary intervention on serum @entity460 _ haematological parameters in geriatric population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy volunteers with age ranging from 64-74 years were recruited from the nearby residential areas in and around Anand, Gujarat. Study duration was from 2012 to 2015. Of the 112 subjects initially enrolled in the trial, 36 withdrew before the intervention because of not matching with criterias. Of the 76 @entity1 , 5 subjects (4%) under test group and 12 subjects (11%) under placebo left the study. We had 59 subjects who successfully completed a double blind cross over trial. Probiotic fermented milk products (in form of "Lassi") was prepared by supplementing toned milk with honey and fermenting with probiotic @entity11070 MTCC 5463 and @entity5858 MTCC 5460. The final product had at least 10(8) CFU/ml of viable @entity11070 MTCC 5463 at the time of feeding. During feeding period, 200 ml of fermented product containing the test strain to one group and a similar product but without the test strain as placebo were fed regularly at the time of breakfast in morning for 4 weeks. Subjects of each group were given a washout period of 4 weeks before they were crossed over and included to the other group. The study was approved by institutional ethics committee. RESULTS: The socio-demographic and clinical profiles were similar at baseline. The mean (SD) @entity460 level improved significantly in test {9.36 (0.45) vs 8.45 (0.61), p<0.001}. No significant effect was observed with respect to haemoglobin _ haematological parameters. CONCLUSION: The well-documented probiotic @entity11070 MTCC 5463 confirmed increase in serum @entity460 level but no effect on haematological parameters when administered to geriatrics.

title: Effect of Probiotic Dietary Intervention on XXXX and Haematological Parameters in Geriatrics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity11070 :: ('1587', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus helveticus']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: The histopathological examination of lymphoid organs together with a T-dependent antibody (TDAR) assay are the primary components of preclinical immunotoxicity assessment. Additional testing including measurement of cellular immunity may be considered. Besides ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation assays, either delayed or @entity56 models can be used. @entity56 testing is typically performed either in @entity19 or in @entity840 and is directly derived from classical models used for the detection of contact sensitizing chemicals. Whatever the selected model, it is comprised of a sensitizing phase where the animals are applied a strong contact sensitizer topically, then a rest phase, and finally an eliciting phase where sensitized animals are challenged topically with the same contact sensitizer.In @entity19 , the ear-swelling test is the reference procedure in which @entity19 are sensitized to the ear or shaved abdominal skin and then challenged on the ear. Ear swelling usually measured from ear thickness reflects a cell-mediated immune response. In @entity840 , a strong sensitizer is applied on the shaved skin of the abdomen or the interscapular area. The sensitized animals are challenged on another area of the shaved abdomen, and the cell-mediated response is assessed semiquantitatively from the magnitude of induced @entity5105 inconsistently associated with @entity4 . Treatment or exposure with immunosuppressive chemicals can result in a significantly @entity2169 or skin reaction. @entity56 models are seldom used nowadays in preclinical immunotoxicity testing, most likely because of the lack of standardization and extensive validation as well as their use being restricted to @entity19 or @entity840 .

title: Use of XXXX in immunotoxicity testing.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Contact hypersensitivity', 'contact hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['decreased ear swelling']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['contact hypersensitivity']


abstract: @entity3328 is an @entity6220 (CNS) caused by @entity9925 ). In @entity1 , an @entity281 is initiated by oral ingestion of the virus, followed by multiplication in the alimentary mucosa, from which the virus spreads through the bloodstream. @entity3328 initiates from the invasion of the central nervous system by circulating @entity9925 , probably via the blood-brain barrier. After the virus enters the central nervous system, it replicates in neurons, especially in motor neurons, inducing the cell death that causes @entity3328 . Along with this route of dissemination, a neuron-specific pathway has been reported in @entity1 , monkeys, and PV-sensitive transgenic (Tg) @entity19 carrying the PV receptor ( @entity27278 / @entity27279 ) gene. It is important for the efficient virus dissemination to overcome the barriers as follows; i) to access the target tissue, ii) to enter the cells, iii) to reach the place for the replication, iv) to replicate efficiently. PV is easily transferred to @entity1 orally; however, no rodent model for @entity281 has been developed. We analyzed the each barrier above, and showed that PV is inactivated by the low pH of the gastric contents in @entity19 . We also demonstrated that type 1 interferon signaling plays an important role in determining permissivity in the alimentary tract. As for the neural pathway, we demonstrated that direct efficient interaction between the cytoplasmic domain and cytoplasmic dynein is essential for the efficient retrograde transport of PV-containing vesicles along microtubules for the @entity27278 -dependent PV transport. On the other hand, we found that @entity27278 -independent axonal transport of PV was also observed in @entity27278 -Tg and non-Tg @entity19 , indicating that several different pathways for PV axonal transport exist.

title: [Analysis of dissemination pathways for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['Paralytic poliomyelitis', 'Poliomyelitis', 'paralytic poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity9925 :: ('138950', 'Species') :: ['poliovirus (PV', 'poliovirus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'oral infections']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide actuarial outcomes and dosimetric data for spinal/paraspinal metastases, with and without prior radiation, treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 39 consecutive @entity1 (60 metastases) were treated with SBRT between April 2003 and August 2006 and retrospectively reviewed. In all, 23 of 60 @entity5 had no previous radiation (unirradiated) and 37/60 @entity5 had previous irradiation (reirradiated). Of 37 reirradiated @entity5 , 31 were treated for "salvage" given image-based @entity5 progression. Local failure was defined as progression by imaging and/or clinically. RESULTS: At last follow-up, 19 @entity1 were deceased. Median @entity1 survival time measured was 21 months (95% CI = 8-27 months), and the 2-year survival probability was 45%. The median total dose prescribed was 24 Gy in three fractions prescribed to the 67% and 60% isodose for the unirradiated and reirradiated cohorts, respectively. The median @entity5 follow-up for the unirradiated and reirradiated group was 9 months (range, 1-26) and 7 months (range, 1-48) respectively. Eight of 60 @entity5 have progressed, and the 1- and 2-year progression-free probability (PFP) was 85% and 69%, respectively. For the salvage group the 1 year PFP was 96%. There was no significant difference in overall survival or PFP between the salvage reirradiated vs. all other @entity5 treated (p = 0.08 and p = 0.31, respectively). In six of eight failures the minimum distance from the @entity5 to the thecal sac was <or=1 mm. Of 60 @entity5 treated, 39 have >or=6 months follow-up and no radiation-induced @entity602 or @entity614 has occurred. CONCLUSION: Spine SBRT has shown preliminary efficacy and safety in @entity1 with image-based progression of previously irradiated metastases.

title: Stereotactic body radiotherapy is effective salvage therapy for XXXX with prior radiation of spinal metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for @entity1 with @entity674 ( @entity674 ) has been shown to improve overall outcomes. It remains unclear whether TKIs are delaying @entity5 recurrence or actually affecting cure rates. We sought to determine whether changes in overall and disease-specific survival ( @entity3012 and @entity13419 , respectively) for @entity1 with surgically resected @entity1820 have been observed after the introduction of TKI therapies by using population-based data. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for @entity1 with resected gastric @entity361 before the introduction of TKIs (pre-TKI: 1990   1994) and after their inception (post-TKI: 2002   2003). RESULTS: Overall, 594 @entity1 with gastric @entity361 were identified, and 189 and 405 underwent resection in the pre- and post-TKI eras, respectively. Between groups, there were no significant differences in @entity1 demographics. The 1- and 6-year @entity3012 improved from 84 and 36 to 93 and 71%, respectively. The 1- and 6-year @entity13419 improved from 92 and 62 to 96 and 90%, respectively. Through 6 years, @entity3012 and @entity13419 significantly improved for all stages, @entity5 sizes, and extent of operation. By using multivariate analysis, undergoing treatment in the pre-TKI @entity7971 was an independent negative predictor of @entity3012 , hazard ratio (HR, 2.98) and @entity13419 (HR, 3.81). CONCLUSIONS: The TKI @entity7971 is associated with dramatic improvements in @entity3012 and @entity13419 for @entity1 with surgically resected @entity1820 , irrespective of stage, @entity5 size, and extent of operation through 6 years of follow-up. It remains unclear, however, whether this survival advantage is a change in cure rate or simply a delay in disease progression.

title: Has the survival rate for surgically resected gastric @entity674 improved in the @entity669 kinase inhibitor XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GISTs']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['era']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare oncologic outcomes in advanced laryngeal and @entity5 (LHC) @entity1 who received either concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) or primary surgery followed by adjuvant treatment and to examine functional outcomes in the @entity1 treated with CRT. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The clinicopathological data of 136 @entity1 , diagnosed as stage III or IV LHC, were retrospectively reviewed. The eligible @entity1 were classified into two groups based on their primary treatment, CRT group and group of surgery followed by the adjuvant treatment. Oncologic outcomes were evaluated and compared at five years. Functional outcomes were recorded as tracheostomy and/or feeding tube dependency. RESULTS: Five-year overall survival rates were 66.9% for the primary surgery group and 34.8% for the CRT group (p = 0.004). Five-year disease-specific survival rates for the same two groups were 66.9% and 39.9%, respectively (p = 0.03). The three-year laryngectomy-free survival rate in the CRT group was 71.9%. At three months post-CRT 62.3% of @entity1 depended on tracheostomy and/or a feeding tube. CONCLUSION: The primary surgery followed by adjunctive treatment among the advanced LHC cases had significantly better oncologic outcomes. Nevertheless, CRT group had a high survival rate with a preserved larynx, but with relatively inferior functional outcomes.

title: Oncologic and functional outcomes in advanced laryngeal and XXXX treated with concurrent chemoradiation versus primary surgery followed by adjuvant treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with unexplained @entity227 were evaluated for the possibility of immunologic involvement. Antibody reactions were sought that might identify a common indication of retinal @entity56 . METHODS: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis were used to identify autoantibody reactions with retina and optic nerve components. Comparisons were made with the autoantibody reaction of normal subjects and @entity1 with recognized forms of retinal decay: @entity1020 , @entity6391 , @entity6 , and @entity989 . RESULTS: Eight @entity1 , one @entity1 and seven @entity1 , were found to produce an autoantibody reaction with @entity1968 and optic nerve, including a novel 22-kDa neuronal antigen present within the retina and optic nerve. One of the eight had @entity989 associated with @entity320 ( @entity7760 ). Seven of the eight @entity1 had electroretinogram abnormalities, varying from mild to severe. Six displayed features of @entity1952 . One @entity1 with progressive @entity227 had visual function stabilized after immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In the eight cases described, unexplained @entity227 was associated with autoantibody reactions with retina and optic nerve, including a common antibody reaction with a 22-kDa neuronal antigen found in the retina and optic nerve. All the @entity1 had either an abnormal electroretinogram or @entity1952 . Six @entity1 had both. The 22-kDa immunologic marker may not be directly involved in the @entity1 's @entity1018 , but rather may be related to a nonspecific destruction of retina and optic nerve. However, the marker may be useful in identifying a specific subgroup of @entity1 for further analysis.

title: The 22-kDa antigen in optic nerve and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7760 :: ('MESH:C535323', 'Disease') :: ['MAR Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'paraneoplastic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal diseases']


abstract: The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of silent @entity75 on cognitive function of community-dwelling elderly individuals. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and other medical examinations were performed on 350 nondemented elderly individuals (121 male and 229 female, average age 72.4 years) who resided in the rural community of Sefuri Village, Saga, Japan. The mini mental state examination and @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) were used to identify @entity73 . @entity62 ( @entity62 ) and @entity194 on magnetic resonance imaging were measured quantitatively. Multivariate analyses were done using a logistic regression model with a software package. @entity73 defined by mini mental state examination score less than 24 was present in 55 individuals (15.7%). They had a lower educational level, significantly larger quantity of @entity62 , and more remarkable @entity194 . @entity75 was detected in 52 individuals (14.9%) through prolonged @entity1062 score (>36 seconds). @entity75 was related to number of silent @entity1188 , larger @entity62 , and more prominent @entity194 . @entity1062 score in individuals with two or more @entity1188 was significantly more prolonged compared with @entity1062 score in those without @entity1188 . These results suggest that @entity62 may cause rather diffuse @entity73 , whereas @entity1188 are specifically involved @entity75 . @entity2806 in apparently healthy elderly individuals seem to form a distinctive group of @entity1 with @entity73 without @entity303 . This group should be the primary target of prevention of @entity1294 .

title: Cognitive consequences of multiple lacunes and leukoaraiosis as XXXX in community-dwelling elderly individuals.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Silent ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions', 'in frontal lobe dysfunction', 'Frontal lobe dysfunction', 'Impaired frontal lobe function']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline', 'vascular cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarcts', 'lacunar infarcts', 'multiple lacunar infarcts']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['modified Stroop test', 'MST']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMLs', 'White matter lesions']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['vascular cognitive impairment']


abstract: In the present study, near-complete mt genome sequences for eight representative @entity2042 samples from seven endemic provinces in mainland China were analyzed. Sequence differences among the eight mt genomes of @entity2043 samples were 0.20-2.51%. Variation in protein-coding genes was greater than that in rRNA genes. The mt DNA sequences of @entity2043 samples from south-western (SW) China were 2 bp [position 11727-11728 within tRNA- @entity2569 , microsatellite (AG) indel] longer than those of the parasites from the lower Yangtze/Zhejiang areas. Representative DNA sequencing confirmed that such (AG) indel could be exploited for identification and differentiation of @entity2043 populations in SW China's Yunnan and Sichuan province which have two (AG) repeats from those in all remaining endemic provinces along the Yangtze River below the Three Gorges regions or close to the east coast of China (e.g., Zhejiang) which have only one (AG) repeat. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated @entity1522 of 12 protein-coding genes also showed that samples from SW China (Sichuan and Yunnan provinces), above the Three Gorges Dam, formed a distinct cluster. Based on this indel polymorphism, a pair of specific primers was designed and used to develop a specific-PCR @entity2975 gel detection assay. There was an obvious length difference in the amplified PCR products between @entity2043 samples from the two endemic types. The specific-PCR assay allowed the specific identification of @entity2043 , with no amplicons being amplified from other closely related @entity2439 , and the minimum amount of DNA detectable was 0.05 ng. This approach is inexpensive, easy to perform and the whole detection process can be completed within 4h. Examination of 81 @entity2043 samples from SW China's Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and 264 samples from the lower Yangtze provinces (Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui and Hunan) and from Zhejiang validated the value of the specific PCR assay and proved its reliability. These findings indicate that the specific PCR assay would provide a useful tool for the epidemiological surveillance and for tracing the source of @entity2043 infection in @entity1 and animals in China.

title: A specific PCR assay for the identification and differentiation of XXXX geographical isolates in mainland China based on analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2439 :: ('MESH:D014201', 'Disease') :: ['trematodes']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The first objective was to assess the effect of the chondroitin 4 and 6 @entity597 (CS) on health-related quality of life using utility values in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) during a 24-month treatment course. The second objective was, using these data, to conduct economic analyses. METHODS: Data from the STOPP study was used. This study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo (PL) -controlled trial of 2-year duration. In the STOPP study, authors assessed quality of life using the Western Ontario and @entity571 Index (WOMAC). WOMAC scores were translated into Health Utility Index (HUI) scores using a specific formula. Incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated taking into account the cost of CS and its effect on HUI scores, compared to PL. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean (SD) HUI scores were 0.59 (0.17), and 0.59 (0.18) for the PL and CS groups, respectively (p=0.31 between the two groups). The mean (SD) HUI scores changes from baseline to 6 months were 0.02 (0.02), and 0.05 (0.01) for the PL and CS groups, respectively (p=0.03). After 24 months of follow-up, HUI score increases by 0.04 (0.02) in the PL group and by 0.05 (0.02) in the CS group (p=0.37). Using the price bracket of CS in Europe, ICER assessment always resulted in a cost below    30,000 per QALY gained, after 6, 12 and 24 months of treatment. CONCLUSION: CS treatment increases health utilities in @entity1 with knee @entity571 compared to PL over the first 6 months of treatment. Economic evaluation based on these data suggests that CS treatment could be considered as cost-effective in @entity1 with knee @entity571 up to a period of 24 months. A limitation in this study is the absence of direct utility assessment as well as the absence of effective treatment as comparator.

title: Impact of chondroitin sulphate on health utility in XXXX with @entity626 : towards economic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'McMaster Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This article describes the development and implementation of a target drug monitoring program using staff pharmacists as primary data collectors. This target drug program increased professional activities of staff pharmacists and showed how pharmacists could make an impact on drug therapy both financially and clinically. Parenteral @entity112 -2 antagonists were selected based upon amount of use and potential for inappropriate use and dosing. Criteria were developed in conjunction with the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee and medical staff. In phase I, pharmacists prospectively monitored all @entity1 receiving parenteral @entity4444 and @entity5616 . Therapy was reviewed for justification of parenteral therapy (vs. oral), dosage adjustment in @entity8 , and monitoring of specific drug-drug interactions with @entity4444 or @entity5616 . During this phase, pharmacists collected data without intervening. Results from phase I and a program proposal for phase II were approved by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Phase II consisted of the same monitoring procedures; however, when inconsistencies with the criteria were identified in one of the three categories, "chart education sheets" were placed in the chart. Results from phase I indicated a potential for cost savings. During phase II, 45% of the inappropriate parenteral therapy was changed to oral therapy, representing an annualized cost savings of  23,321 in this 540-bed hospital. The pharmacists were also successful in adjusting doses in @entity8 and monitoring potential drug interactions. The target drug program has proved to be an effective method of educating physicians and decreasing costs to the institution without the use of additional personnel.

title: Use of staff pharmacists to reduce the inappropriate use of parenteral XXXX -2 antagonist therapy.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Focal therapy offers the possibility of @entity5 control, without the side effect profile of radical therapies. Early single centre prospective development studies using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) have demonstrated encouraging genitourinary functional preservation and short-term @entity5 control. Large multi-centre trials are required to evaluate medium-term @entity5 control and reproduce functional recovery. We describe the study design of an investigator-led UK multi-centre, single arm trial using HIFU to deliver focal therapy for @entity1 with @entity263 . METHODS: One-hundred and forty @entity1 with histologically proven localised low or intermediate @entity263 (PSA < 15, Gleason  <= 7,  <= T2cN0M0) will undergo precise characterisation of the prostate using a combination of multi-parametric (mp)MRI and transperineal template prostate mapping (TPM) biopsies. @entity5 , the so-called index lesion, will be eligible for treatment provided the contra-lateral side is free of 'clinically significant' disease (as defined by Gleason >=  7 or maximum @entity5 core length >= 4 mm). @entity1 will receive focal therapy using HIFU (Sonablate 500  ). Treatment effect will be assessed by targeted biopsies of the treated area and TPM biopsies at 36-months. RESULTS: Primary outcome is the absence of clinically significant disease based on 36-month post-treatment TPM biopsies. Secondary outcomes address a) genitourinary function using validated @entity1 questionnaires (IPSS, IPSS-QoL, IIEF-15, EPIC-Urinary, EPIC-Bowel, FACT-P, EQ-5D), b) the predictive validity of imaging, and c) risk factors for treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: INDEX will be the first multi-centre, medium term follow-up trial to evaluate the outcomes of a tissue preserving strategy for @entity1 with @entity263 using the TPM-ablate-TPM strategy.

title: A multi-centre prospective development study evaluating focal therapy using high intensity focused ultrasound for XXXX : The INDEX study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Unilateral dominant tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localised prostate cancer', 'risk prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localised prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the unknown frequency of @entity565 and other common @entity56 in @entity1 living in Belarus, we conducted a population-based respiratory health survey. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of @entity56 and @entity56 in @entity1 of the Grodno Region (Western Belarus) and to examine their familial and environmental correlates. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 and included 2606 urban and 2422 rural @entity1 aged 6-16 years. Physician-diagnosed @entity1576 and symptoms were ascertained using the ISAAC questionnaire completed by the parents. Both family and environmental factors were examined for their association with respiratory health outcomes including @entity565 and @entity508 . Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to test associations. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity565 , @entity483 and @entity2023 was 1.39%, 10.25%, and 3.84%, respectively. @entity508 was reported for 6.74% of @entity1 . Chronic respiratory symptoms occurring in the past 12 months and suggestive of @entity565 included chest wheeze (9.71%) attacks of @entity1353 at rest (1.77%), symptoms of @entity2023 (2.45%) attacks of sneezing and nasal congestion without a cold (6.78%), and recurrent @entity1910 (13.48%). All diseases except for @entity565 and @entity508 as well as symptoms of @entity2023 , congested nose and @entity1910 were more frequent in urban than in rural @entity1 (p < 0.05). Results of multivariate logistic analysis confirmed associations (p < 0.05) between @entity565 and parental @entity565 (OR = 4.82) and dampness in home (OR = 2.12) after adjustment for age, gender and place of residence. @entity508 in @entity1 who did not have a concurrent diagnosis of @entity565 was related (p < 0.05) to parental @entity565 (OR = 2.18), dampness in the home (OR = 1.68) and less use of coal-based heating (OR = 0.64). @entity2023 and @entity483 were associated (p < 0.05) with parental @entity565 (OR = 5.07 and OR = 1.91, respectively), dampness (OR = 2.33 and OR = 1.51, respectively), lower parental education (OR = 0.74 and OR = 0.68, respectively) and household density (OR = 0.84 and OR = 0.92), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show a low prevalence of @entity56 and symptoms in @entity1 of Western Belarus, following similar East-West gradients described in the literature. All @entity56 except @entity565 were less frequent in the rural population. A very low prevalence of childhood @entity565 and the possibility of underdiagosis of the disease in the surveyed population deserve further investigation.

title: @entity56 and respiratory symptoms in urban and rural XXXX in Grodno Region (Belarus).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['hay fever', 'Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['itchy rash']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic bronchitis', 'Spastic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic disorders', 'major allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Bacteria contaminate the uterus of most dairy @entity291 after parturition and @entity7288 causes @entity249 . An @entity7288 score can be ascribed based on the vaginal mucus character and odour but it is not clear if the clinical score reflects the number of uterine bacteria or the inflammatory response. The present study tested the hypothesis that clinical evaluation of @entity7288 reflects the number of bacteria present in the uterus, and the acute phase protein response. Swabs (n = 328) were collected from the uterine lumen of dairy @entity291 , 21 and 28 days postpartum, vaginal mucus was scored for character and odour, and blood samples collected for acute phase protein measurement. Bacteria were identified following aerobic and anaerobic culture, and the bacterial growth density was scored semi-quantitatively. When bacteria were categorised by their expected pathogenic potential in the uterus, purulent or fetid odour vaginal mucus was associated with the growth density of pathogenic bacteria but not opportunist contaminants. When bacteria were analysed independently, @entity1679 , Proteus and Fusobacterium necrophorum growth densities were associated with mucopurulent or purulent vaginal mucus. The bacterial growth densities for A. pyogenes, @entity526 , non-hemolytic Streptococci, and @entity8857 were associated with a fetid mucus odour. Peripheral plasma concentrations of alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein were higher if there was a fetid compared with a normal vaginal mucus odour (1.50 +/- 0.09 mg/mL versus 1.05 +/- 0.02 mg/mL, P < 0.001), but did not differ significantly between vaginal mucus character scores. The evaluation of the character and odour of vaginal mucus reflects the number of bacteria in the uterus, and the acute phase protein response.

title: Clinical evaluation of postpartum vaginal mucus reflects uterine bacterial infection and the immune response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1679 :: ('1661', 'Species') :: ['Arcanobacterium pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity8857 :: ('75985', 'Species') :: ['Mannheimia haemolytica']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of and risk factors for @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) in a multiethnic Asian cohort of Chinese, Malay, and Indian @entity1 . METHODS: In this population-based study, 3172 @entity1 of Chinese, Malay, and Indian ethnicities 40 years and older were included. @entity1 underwent comprehensive systemic and ocular examination, retinal photography, and laboratory investigations. Early and late @entity1020 signs were graded from retinal photographs. Age-standardized prevalence estimates were calculated using the 2010 Singapore adult population as the standard population. Association with a range of systemic risk factors was analyzed. RESULTS: Of 3172 @entity1 , @entity1020 was present in 211 subjects. Age-standardized prevalence of @entity1020 was 7.0% in @entity1 40 years and older. The age-standardized prevalence was similar in all 3 Asian ethnic groups: Chinese, 7.3%; Malay, 7.7%; and Indian, 5.7% (P value = .44). The prevalence increased with age and was higher in @entity1 . Of the range of risk factors evaluated, only myopic @entity2516 (<-0.5 D) was significantly associated with a lower risk for @entity1020 (odds ratio, 0.44; P < .001, compared with emmetropia) in Chinese @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1020 was similar in the 3 major ethnic groups in Asia and comparable with white populations. @entity2516 was associated with reduced risk of @entity1020 in Chinese @entity1 .

title: Prevalence of and risk factors for XXXX in a multiethnic Asian cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error', 'Myopic refractive error']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article presents a model-based method for predicting primary @entity3614 . On the basis of the normalized @entity130 mechanism from previous work, this method presents a new model that accounts for the effects of blast orientation and species difference. METHODS: The analysis used test data from a series of extensive experimental studies sponsored by the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. In these studies, more than 1200 @entity742 were exposed to air blast in free-field and confined enclosures, and @entity651 were quantified as the percentage of surface area contused. Blast overpressure data were collected using blast test devices placed at matching locations to represent loadings to the thorax. Adopting the modified Lobdell model with further modifications specifically for blast and scaling, the thorax deformation histories for the left, chest, and right sides of the thorax were calculated for all @entity742 subjects. Using the calculated thorax velocities, effective normalized work was computed for each test subject representing the irreversible work performed on the lung tissues normalized by lung volume and ambient pressure. RESULTS: Dose-response curves for four categories of injuries (trace, slight, moderate, and severe) were developed by performing log-logistic correlations of the computed normalized work with the injury outcomes, including the effect of multiple shots. A blast lethality correlation was also established. CONCLUSION: Validated by @entity742 data, the present work revalidates the previous understanding and findings of the @entity651 mechanism and provides an anthropomorphic model for primary @entity3614 prediction that can be used for occupational and survivability analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Economic and decision analysis, level III.

title: A model for predicting primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['blast injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['work injury']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injuries', 'blast lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['blast lung injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the experience of @entity158 and discomfort between insertion of miniscrews and premolar extractions in adolescent @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 adolescents were recruited and randomized into groups A and B. Both groups were treated with extraction of the upper first premolars and fixed appliance. Beyond the fixed appliance, @entity1 in group A received anchorage reinforcement with miniscrews. Miniscrews were inserted buccally between the second premolar and first molar when space closure started. Space closure was performed as en masse retraction with immediate loading by 150-g coil springs. @entity158 , discomfort, impact on daily activities, and functional jaw impairment were assessed with @entity1 -reported questionnaires. Questionnaires were filled in at baseline, the evening after tooth extraction, 1 week after tooth extraction, the evening after screw placement, and 1 week after screw placement. RESULTS: @entity1 reported significantly lower levels of @entity158 (P < .001) and discomfort (P = .012) after screw placement compared with premolar extractions. The ability to drink (P = .035) and the ability to take a big bite (P < .001) were also significantly less disturbed in the evening after screw placement. During the first week after screw placement, the impact on leisure time activities was significantly lower (P = .015) compared with premolar extractions. CONCLUSION: The use of miniscrews in adolescents can be recommended from a @entity158 and discomfort perspective.

title: XXXX and discomfort following insertion of miniscrews and premolar extractions: A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether CT can depict early perfusion changes in @entity2 treated by anti-angiogenic drugs, allowing prediction of response. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1149 , treated by conventional chemotherapy with (Group 1; n   =   17) or without (Group 2; n   =   23) anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti- @entity7 ) drug (bevacizumab) underwent CT perfusion before (TIME   0) and after 1 (TIME   1), 3 (TIME   2) and 6 (TIME   3) cycles of chemotherapy. The CT parameters evaluated included: (1) @entity5 ( @entity9300 ) and total @entity5 ( @entity5 ); (2) RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours) measurements. @entity5 response was also assessed on the basis of the clinicians' overall evaluation. RESULTS: In Group 1, significant reduction in perfusion was identified between baseline and: (1) TIME   1 ( @entity9300 , P   =   0.0395; @entity5 , P   =   0.015); (2) TIME   2 ( @entity9300 , P   =   0.0043; @entity5 , P   <   0.0001); (3) TIME   3 ( @entity9300 , P   =   0.0034; @entity5 , P   =   0.0005) without any significant change in Group 2. In Group 1: (1) the reduction in @entity9300 at TIME   1 was significantly higher in responders versus non-responders at TIME   2 according to RECIST (P   =   0.0128) and overall clinicians' evaluation (P   =   0.0079); (2) all responders at TIME   2 had a concurrent decrease in @entity9300 and @entity5 at TIME   1. CONCLUSION: Perfusion CT demonstrates early changes in @entity2 vascularity under anti-angiogenic chemotherapy that may help predict therapeutic response. KEY POINTS:     Perfusion CT has the potential of providing in vivo information about @entity5 vasculature.     CT depicts early and specific perfusion changes in NSCLC under anti-angiogenic drugs.     Specific therapeutic effects of anti-angiogenic drugs can be detected before @entity5 shrinkage.     Early perfusion changes can help predict therapeutic response to anti-angiogenic treatment.     Perfusion CT could be a non-invasive tool to monitor anti-angiogenic treatment.

title: Perfusion CT allows prediction of therapy response in XXXX treated with conventional and anti-angiogenic chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour extravascular flow', 'total tumour vascular volume', 'Tumour', 'TEF', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']