abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study estimated the cost-effectiveness,from the Dutch health care perspective, of screening for @entity633 in the general Dutch population to prevent @entity65 ( @entity65 ) with subsequent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment, using data from the Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease Intervention Trial (PREVEND IT). METHODS: PREVEND IT was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 2 x 2 factorial design within the larger observational Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease (PREVEND) study. The PREVEND IT study was conducted to assess the effects of @entity10959 20 mg and @entity8673 40 mg on @entity65 in subjects with specific inclusion criteria: urinary albumin excretion (UAE) rate in the range from 15 to 300 mg/d, blood pressure <160/100 mm Hg, and plasma @entity165 level <8.0 mmol/L. Cost-effectiveness estimates for the Dutch population were expressed in @entity7634 (2002; 1 @entity7634 = US 1.01 dollars) as net costs per life-year gained (LYG) in the baseline and sensitivity (stochastic) analyses. RESULTS: Data were assessed for 864 subjects, with a mean (SD) follow-up of 46 (7) months. @entity65 occurred in 45 (5.2%) subjects. Subjects who received @entity10959 had a 40% lower incidence of @entity65 than subjects in the placebo group (3.9% vs 6.5%, respectively; P = NS). The cost-effectiveness of screening for albumnuria was determined to be @entity7634 16,700/LYG for the study population. Stochastic analysis indicated that the probability of the cost-effectiveness being below the suggested Dutch threshold of @entity7634 20,000/LYG was 59% in the baseline analysis. The probability of cost-effectiveness below @entity7634 20,000/LYG would increase to 91% if only subjects with UAE >50 mg/d were treated with @entity10959 . Limiting the screening to subjects aged >50 years and >60 years also improved cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that screening the general Dutch population for @entity633 and subsequently treating those found positive with @entity10959 may be cost-effective compared with no screening and adopting the Dutch health care perspective. However, confirmation from larger multicenter trials is needed.

title: Cost-effectiveness of screening for XXXX with subsequent @entity10959 treatment to prevent @entity65 : A pharmacoeconomic analysis linked to the prevention of renal and vascular endstage disease (PREVEND) study and the prevention of renal and vascular endstage disease intervention trial (PREVEND IT).

entities_list: @entity10959 :: ('MESH:D017328', 'Chemical') :: ['fosinopril']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVEs', 'cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vasoconstrictor and vasodilator release from vascular endothelial cells not only regulates vascular tone but also induces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. METHODS: In order to understand the role of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator release in the development of @entity101 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), aortic endothelial cells were isolated and cultured from 4-week-old and 24-week-old SHR (SHR-4 and SHR-24) and age-matched @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY-4 and WKY-24) used as control. Prostacyclin (PGI2), @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) and @entity2404 (TXA2) release from cultured endothelial cells in the culture medium, were measured after 30 min with or without treatment with @entity934 , @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 or thrombin. RESULTS: The results showed that there was no significant difference in @entity1827 secretion between SHR-4 and age-matched WKY @entity35 , but @entity1827 secretion was about twice as high in SHR-24 as in WKY-24. TXA2 secretion was significantly higher in SHR-4 than in WKY-4 and was also higher than in SHR-24, but there was no significant difference between SHR-24 and WKY-24. The secretion of PGI2 was higher in SHR-24 than in WKY-24 and also higher than in SHR-4 and WKY-4. The prostaglandin PGI2 and TXB2 secretions from all groups of cultured VECs treated with various reagents, @entity934 , @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 or thrombin were increased in similar patterns. However, there was no significantly different response between SHR and WKY VECs. CONCLUSIONS: Similar levels of @entity1827 secreted from endothelial cells between SHR-4 and WKY-4 indicated that @entity1827 secretion seems not a crucial factor in early @entity101 development in SHR. The high level of @entity3447 secretion in SHR-4 may involve in early @entity101 development in SHR.

title: Paracrine function of cultured aortic endothelial cells in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Perinatal morbidity and mortality are due to various infective agents, mainly represented by beta-hemolytic group B Streptococcus. The perinatal disease related to this @entity281 is distinguished in Early-onset, characterised by @entity55 and @entity295 , and Late-onset which leads to @entity295 , @entity693 and @entity55 . Various strategies were therefore proposed to prevent transmission including immunisation and chemoprophylaxis. All these methods however present adverse effects and are most of all expensive to carry out. Taha et al. reported an interesting experience regarding the reduction of @entity281 following the cleansing of the birth canal with a solution of @entity1216 0.25% during labour (1996-1997). It seemed interesting for us to assess the applicability and efficacy of a new strategy of prophylaxis of @entity281 in a Developing Country based on the association of two of the simple strategies proposed i.e.: cleansing the birth canal with @entity1216 and chemoprophylaxis in cases with risk factors without culture screening. We studied two groups of @entity1 : one in which cleansing of the birth canal was used and the second (control group) in which the old method already applied in the hospital (i.e. cleansing of the external genitals with @entity14942 1%+ @entity1216 0.1%) was carried out associated with antibiotic therapy when risk factors arose. We observed a total absence of neonatal mortality due to @entity295 resulting from the association of the methods suggested even though the presence of @entity295 evaluated through signs and symptoms like fever, poor feeding, apnoea or dyspnoea in newborns was similar in both groups.

title: [Lavage of the birth canal with XXXX : a new valid method for the prevention of @entity281 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine', 'Chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'perinatal infections']

entities_list: @entity14942 :: ('MESH:C004322', 'Chemical') :: ['Cetrimide']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both compulsory @entity10518 treatment and community-based @entity284 maintenance treatment ( @entity569 ) exist for @entity4521 addicts in China. We aim to examine the effectiveness of three intervention models for referring @entity4521 addicts released from compulsory @entity10518 centers to community @entity284 maintenance treatment ( @entity569 ) clinics in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China. METHODS: Using a quasi-experimental study design, three different referral models were assigned to four @entity10518 centers. @entity4521 addicts were enrolled based on their fulfillment to eligibility criteria and provision of informed consent. Two months prior to their release, information on demographic characteristics, history of @entity4521 use, and prior participation in intervention programs was collected via a survey, and blood samples were obtained for @entity645 testing. All subjects were followed for six months after release from @entity10518 centers. Multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors predicting successful referrals to @entity569 clinics. RESULTS: Of the 226 @entity1 who were released and followed, 9.7% were successfully referred to @entity569 (16.2% of @entity645 -positive @entity1 and 7.0% of @entity645 -negative @entity1 ). A higher proportion of successful referrals was observed among @entity1 who received both referral cards and @entity569 treatment while still in @entity10518 centers (25.8%) as compared to those who received both referral cards and police-assisted @entity569 enrollment (5.4%) and those who received referral cards only (0%). Furthermore, those who received referral cards and @entity569 treatment while still in @entity10518 had increased odds of successful referral to an @entity569 clinic (adjusted OR   =   1.2, CI   =   1.1-1.3). Having participated in an @entity569 program prior to detention (OR   =   1.5, CI   =   1.3-1.6) was the only baseline covariate associated with increased odds of successful referral. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that providing @entity569 within @entity10518 centers promotes successful referral of @entity4521 addicts to community-based @entity569 upon their release.

title: Referring @entity4521 users from compulsory @entity10518 centers to community XXXX maintenance treatment: a comparison of three models.

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['Heroin', 'heroin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity10518 :: ('MESH:C565043', 'Disease') :: ['detoxification']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary @entity3 , which is the most common type of extrahepatic recurrence of @entity157 ( @entity157 ), has been considered unsuitable for surgical resection because most pulmonary metastases are multiple. Until now there have been few reports about surgical resection for @entity358 from @entity157 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of surgical resection for @entity358 from @entity157 . METHODS: Among 615 @entity1 who underwent radical hepatic resection for @entity157 in our hospital over the past 15 years, 8 @entity1 who had developed 1 or 2 pulmonary metastases underwent pulmonary resection for the pulmonary metastases (resection group), the other 6 @entity1 who had developed 1 or 2 pulmonary metastases did not undergo pulmonary resection (nonresection group). The clinicopathologic features and long-term prognosis of the resection group were examined and compared with those of the nonresection group. RESULTS: In the resection group, although intrahepatic recurrences were present before the diagnosis of @entity358 in 4 @entity1 , they were well controlled by repeated transarterial chemoembolization and/or further hepatic resections. The average survival periods after the pulmonary resection and after the initial hepatic resection were 29 months (range, 5-80 mo) and 61 months (range, 24-133 mo), respectively. No @entity1 in the resection group showed pulmonary recurrence after the pulmonary resection, and the cause of death of the @entity1 in the resection group was not @entity358 . The survival rate of @entity1 in the resection group was significantly better than that in the nonresection group. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that surgical resection for @entity358 from @entity157 might be beneficial in selected @entity1 .

title: The significance of surgical resection for @entity358 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 research has greatly improved the diagnosis and treatment of @entity2275 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the question whether the new perceptions had been incorporated into the daily diagnostic routine of the nineteen-nineties. @entity1 AND METHODS: Analysis of the biopsy material at the institute of Pathology of the Klinikum Bayreuth obtained from 1,658 @entity1 with @entity2275 in the months of January and February 1990 (n = 506), 1992 (n = 525), 1994 (n = 532), 1995 (n = 432) and 1997 (n = 400) with the aim of determining the quality of the endoscopic assessment of biological significance, and the number of biopsy specimens obtained from the @entity1066 , as well as the number of additional biopsies taken from the antrum and corpus. RESULTS: 1,436 (88.9%) of the endoscopically diagnosed @entity1066 proved to be histologically benign and 222 (11.1%) malignant, of which 192 (86.5%) were @entity189 , 24 (10.8%) @entity1074 , 2 (0.9%) @entity242 , and 4 (1.8%) ulcerated @entity3 . The percentage of false-negative endoscopic assessments of biological significance was 1.8%, that of the false-positive assessments 4.1%, that is, both very low figures. In the case of endoscopically suspicious findings, the histological examination revealed an ulcerated @entity5 in almost 30% of the cases. The average number of biopsies harvested from the @entity1066 increased from 5.9 in 1990 to 7.1 in 1997. The frequency of biopsies obtained additionally from antrum and corpus rose statistically significantly from 14.1% of the cases in 1990 to 43.0% in 1997. CONCLUSION: During the course of the nineteen-nineties, the quality of the endoscopic/bioptic diagnosis improved noticeably. In terms of the number of biopsy specimens obtained from the @entity1066 to identify its biological significance, and the number of additional biopsies from antrum and corpus to identify underlying diseases, there is, however, still room for improvement.

title: Improvement in the quality of the endoscopic/bioptic diagnosis of XXXX between 1990 and 1997--an analysis of 1,658 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Re-operative surgery is stressful for @entity1 and is an additional burden to an already stretched public health system. Intraoperative confirmation of @entity0 @entity3 in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) provides the necessary information for the surgeon to proceed with immediate axillary dissection, avoiding the need for a second operation, its associated cost, morbidity and adjuvant treatment delays. Our challenge was to implement a technique that was rapid, inexpensive and had a negligible false positive rate. The aim of this study was to determine whether touch imprint cytology (TIC) could reduce returns to theatre without compromising @entity1 safety and pathology department and operating theatre efficiency. METHODS: Intraoperative TIC was performed on bisected SLNs from 134 @entity1 . Post-operatively, specimens were examined as @entity6175 and @entity1711 -stained, @entity982 -embedded 2-mm sections. Further sectioning and immunohistochemisty was performed on negative SLNs. RESULTS: The sensitivity of TIC for @entity3 was 23.8%, the specificity was 100% and the accuracy was 76.1%. Ten @entity1 with macrometastases and none with micrometastastes were detected intraoperatively. The sensitivity of TIC for detecting macrometastases was 34.5%, the accuracy was 78.4% and the specificity was 100%. CONCLUSION: Ten @entity1 avoided a subsequent surgery. The technique caused no theatre delays and the minimal cost was compensated for by the avoidance of a second procedure for a third of @entity1 who definitively required axillary clearance. No @entity1 had an unnecessary axillary clearance and no @entity1 with micrometastases or isolated @entity5 cells were subjected to an immediate axillary clearance. It would be justifiable to continue this simple, low-cost and non-disruptive approach.

title: Intraoperative imprint cytology for XXXX sentinel nodes: is it worth it?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Site-directed mutations in the catalytic subunit of @entity19 @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKAcat) were generated to assess the residue(s) important for the recognition of the substrate peptide and its biological functions. Since the region, 165R-166D-167L-168K-169P-170E-171 N of PKAcat has been shown to be located near the substrate analogue inhibitor peptide binding site (Knighton et al. (1991) Science 253, 414-420), we initially constructed three PKAcat mutants, @entity52314 , @entity52315 , and @entity52316 , in which 166D, 168K, and 170E, respectively, were altered to @entity493 . When expressed in COS7 cells, @entity52314 and @entity52315 were insoluble, whereas @entity52316 was soluble but had lower in-vitro kinase activity than the wild-type PKAcat. @entity52316 and other 170E mutants, @entity52317 , @entity52318 , @entity52319 and @entity52320 were equally soluble and displayed various catalytic activities with increased Km and decreased Vmax with regard to Kemptide substrate. Most prominently, @entity52319 did not phosphorylate Kemptide, suggesting that 170E is important for the interaction with Kemptide. The in-vivo activities of the PKAcat mutants were examined in two independent biological assays. First, in Jurkat cells, overexpression of all the 170E mutants except @entity52319 activated the @entity1639 promoter at various levels lower than the wild-type PKAcat, suggesting that these mutants retain at least partial biological activity. Second, @entity1420 -induced germinal vesicle break-down in @entity1238 oocytes, inhibited by expression of wild-type PKAcat, was inhibited to a similar extent by all the 170E mutants except @entity52319 . All these results support the idea that 170E is a peptide-recognition residue.

title: Mutations on 170Glu, a substrate recognition residue in @entity19 XXXX -dependent protein kinase, generate enzymes with altered substrate affinity and biological functions.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asbestos is classified as a @entity1 carcinogen, and studies have consistently demonstrated that workplace exposure to it increases the risk of developing @entity2 . Few studies have evaluated risks in population-based settings where there is a greater variety in the types of occupations, and exposures. METHODS: This was a population based case-control study with 1,681 incident cases of @entity2 , and 2,053 controls recruited from 8 Canadian provinces between 1994 and 1997. Self-reported questionnaires were used to elicit a lifetime occupational history, including general tasks, and information for other risk factors. Occupational hygienists, who were blinded to case-control status, assigned @entity1355 exposures to each job on the basis of (i) concentration (low, medium, high), (ii) frequency (<5%, 5-30%, and >30% of the time in a normal work week), and (iii) reliability (possible, probable, definite). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Those occupationally exposed to (i) low, and (ii) medium or high concentrations of @entity1355 had ORs for @entity2 of 1.17 (95% CI=0.92 - 1.50) and 2.16 (95% CI=1.21-3.88), respectively, relative to those who were unexposed. Medium or high exposure to @entity1355 roughly doubled the risk for @entity2 across all three smoking pack-year categories. The joint relationship between smoking and @entity1355 was consistent with a multiplicative risk model. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide further evidence that exposure to @entity1355 has contributed to an increased risk of @entity2 in Canadian workplaces, and suggests that nearly 3% of @entity2 among Canadian @entity1 are caused by occupational exposure to @entity1355 .

title: Occupational exposure to @entity2 in XXXX : evidence from a population-based case-control study in eight Canadian provinces.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors describe an evaluation approach to assess research training that is easy to implement, takes into account individual experience and diversity in research disciplines, and can be adapted to measure various outcomes, depending upon program goals. METHOD: Using publications as the outcome measure, the authors analyzed data from 66 trainees in the National @entity5 Institute's @entity5 Prevention Fellowship Program ( @entity56503 ) to illustrate this evaluation strategy. For postdoctoral fellows entering the @entity56503 between 1987 and 1997, the authors considered the three-year period prior to entry in the @entity56503 (pre- @entity56503 ), the period during training, and the three-year period after completion of the @entity56503 (post- @entity56503 ). Summary measures for individuals' publications during each of the three time periods were calculated, and the probability of change in total, peer-reviewed, and first-authored publications post- @entity56503 compared to pre- @entity56503 was assessed. RESULTS: Compared to pre- @entity56503 , the @entity56503 fellows published significantly more total, peer-reviewed, and first-authored publications post- @entity56503 . Post- @entity56503 younger individuals published more than older fellows. MDs had a greater increase in publications over time than did PhDs, but both groups had similar overall numbers of publications post- @entity56503 . Individuals pursuing a master of public health degree during training published more post- @entity56503 than did those who did not pursue this training in the program. CONCLUSIONS: Training programs facing the challenge of evaluating research outcomes will require new evaluation methods that take into account program goals. This easily adaptable, longitudinal evaluation strategy allows for diversity in research disciplines and research experience and can inform programmatic needs and individual progress.

title: Evaluating research training outcomes: experience from the @entity5 prevention fellowship program at the National XXXX Institute.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: We report 10 @entity1 with lesions consistent with the clinical entity of @entity11278 ( @entity11278 ). These are @entity5 bearing some resemblance to infantile @entity2695 , but with important clinical differences. The lesions in our @entity1 were firm, red or purple plaques or @entity5 , sometimes with surface @entity8721 and almost all with a pale or blanched halo. They were fully developed at birth and underwent no further expansion. All promptly began to resolve and this progressed rapidly over the early months of life, with complete resolution, sometimes with residual atrophy, occurring at less than 1 year of age in most of the @entity1 . Sonography was performed in all of our cases. A remarkably consistent picture was demonstrated. The lesions were uniformly hypoechoic and mostly confined to the subcutaneous fat. They were diffusely vascular, being traversed by multiple tubular vascular channels. Some of the channels were compressible, with a venous flow signal, while others demonstrated low resistant arterial flow. These features are consistent with recently described histopathologic findings in these rapidly involuting lesions. We feel that this entity can be reliably diagnosed in most cases with a consideration of the unique clinical features and with the use of noninvasive imaging studies.

title: Sonographic findings in a series of rapidly involuting XXXX ( @entity11278 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vascular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11278 :: ('MESH:C538458', 'Disease') :: ['RICH', 'rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['congenital hemangiomas']


abstract: A trial was carried out over a 7-year period (1999 to 2005 @entity291 crops) to compare indicators of seasonality in Angus @entity291 , which were part of a long-term genetic selection experiment. Divergent selection was applied for early ('AGE-') or late ('AGE+') age at puberty (AP) in heifers, and selection lines differed over the 7-year period by 62 days (15% of the mean). The primary measures of seasonality studied in 629 heifer progeny (59 sire groups) were serum concentration of @entity5947 (PRL), and winter and summer hair growth. Serial samples were obtained for PRL from 11 to 18 months of age, and data were analysed with adjustment for @entity701 concentration. Using restricted maximum likelihood procedures with an animal model, heritability estimates were: AP, 0.26    0.03; log(e)PRL concentration, 0.23    0.07; log(e) @entity701 concentration, 0.22    0.07; hair weight, 0.21    0.04; and hair length, 0.09    0.05. Corresponding repeatability estimates for the last four traits were 0.49    0.03, 0.38    0.03, 0.21    0.04, and 0.64    0.02, respectively. The genetic correlation between AP and log(e)PRL concentration was estimated at -0.29    0.13 (P < 0.05). PRL concentration in the AGE- line after passing through puberty was 11    5% lower than in the AGE+ line (P < 0.05). Line effects were not significant for hair weight or hair length. It was concluded that divergent selection for AP changed PRL concentration, which may partly reflect sensitivity to changing day length.

title: Responses of XXXX and hair growth to selection for age at puberty in Angus @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity5947 :: (280901(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Echocardiographic evaluation of the response to isometric exercise of @entity101 @entity1 with and without @entity4346 . @entity1 : 28 @entity1 with severe arterial @entity101 on long-term follow-up with or without regression of @entity4346 on medical therapy; a control group of 10 healthy volunteers. METHODS: Two groups were considered: Group A persistent @entity4346 and group B normalization of the left ventricular wall thickness and mass index. The arterial blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated and an echocardiographic record was obtained both at rest and after isometric exercise (maximal effort for 1 to 1.5 minutes). The following echocardiographic data were obtained: left ventricular diameters and thickness of septum and posterior wall during systole and diastole. Volumes, shortening and ejection fractions, cardiac output and index, mass index, end-systolic stress, contractility index and periferal resistance were calculated as usual. RESULTS: During isometric exercise there was a rise in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures and heart rate. Systolic function was normal in all groups at rest. The shortening fraction was not altered in normotensive individuals with isometric exercise. @entity101 @entity1 showed a significant reduction within normal limits, however. End-systolic stress increased significantly in all groups although the rise was greater in @entity101 @entity1 . The cardiac index rose significantly only in normotensives and @entity101 @entity1 without @entity4346 (group B). On the contrary the periferal resistance rose significantly only in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity4346 (group A). The contractility index (end-systolic stress/end-systolic volume index) increased significantly only in normotensive and @entity101 @entity1 without @entity4346 . CONCLUSIONS: There are functional alterations in @entity101 @entity299 which although not evident at rest, can be revealed by isometric exercise. The regression of @entity4346 back to normal, sets a trend for normalization of function and cardiac inotropic reserve, suggesting the importance of a complete regression of @entity123 .

title: [ XXXX . Functional evaluation during isometric effort after regression of @entity4346 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive cardiopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is strong evidence that the R576 allele of interleukin-4 receptor alpha gene ( @entity9597 ) might predispose to atopy. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between the @entity54696 polymorphism and atopy in a Polish population using the family-based study design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 44 @entity1097 @entity1 (age range from 11 to 34 years) with pollen and house dust mite @entity566 or/and mild @entity565 together with both parents were studied. The @entity54696 polymorphism of the @entity9597 gene was genotyped in each @entity1 and both parents, respectively, using the PCR-based protocol. The results were analyzed by the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). The total IgE serum level, allergen-specific IgE to the common aeroallergens, @entity3646 , and sIL-4Ralpha were assessed in each @entity1 and both parents. RESULTS: In the TDT test the R576 and Q576 alleles were transmitted from the heterozygous parents to the affected offspring 20 and 15 times, respectively (McNemar test: p = 0.19). The results of the transmission disequilibrium test did not reach statistical significance. Thus, the R576 allele might contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity56 in @entity1 with high total IgE serum level (p < 0.05). A larger study group has to be studied to prove the observed linkage and association.

title: The role of XXXX polymorphism of interleukin-4 receptor alpha gene in atopy: results of a family-based study design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity54696 :: (p|SUB|R|576|Q,ProteinMutation) :: ['R576Q']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to summarize the results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for @entity1290 following failed extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), and to investigate the effect of previous SWL on the performances and morbidities of subsequent PCNL. Sixty-two @entity1 with a history of failed SWL who underwent PCNL on the same kidney (group 1) were compared to 273 @entity1 who had received PCNL as first treatment choice (group 2). @entity1 demographics, stone characteristics, operative findings, and complications were documented and compared. Groups 1 and 2 had similar @entity1 demographics and stone characteristics. Mean time to establish access was comparable in both groups (10.5    4.2 vs. 9.6    4.5 min, p = 0.894). Time required to remove stones and total operative time were longer in group 1 (71.5    10.3 vs. 62.3    8.6 min, p = 0.011 and 95.8    12.0 vs. 80.6    13.2 min., p = 0.018, respectively). Group 1 had lower clearance rate compared to group 2 (83.9 vs. 93.4 %, p = 0.021), while postoperative complications were similar in both groups. Scattered stone fragments buried within the tissues made the procedure more difficult for stone fragmenting and extracting, which lead to longer operative time and inferior stone free rate. However, the PCNL procedure was safe and effective in @entity1 with failed SWL. The risk of complications was similar and clearance rate was encouraging.

title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for XXXX following failed extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: different performances and morbidities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal stones']


abstract: @entity765 are benign, slow-growing @entity361 . @entity146 is local with no potential for @entity3 or dedifferentiation. The treatment is challenging, particularly in the case of huge intra-abdominal locations. We, herein, report on a 21-year-old @entity1 with a @entity765 occupying substantially the entire abdominal cavity. After failure of a first-line combination of @entity12698 and @entity440 , the @entity1 was given @entity632 - @entity2699 chemotherapy. The treatment was well tolerated, and rapidly, the clinical digestive symptoms improved. After 6 cycles, the computed tomography scan showed a partial response (regression of @entity5 volume by 55%). During follow-up, the @entity5 continued to regress: 25 months after the end of chemotherapy, the @entity5 volume had regressed by 95% when compared to the start of computed tomography and by 90% when compared to the end of chemotherapy. Thirty-three months after the diagnosis, the @entity1 is alive without any symptom. Our case provides further evidence of the remarkable efficacy of a @entity632 - @entity2699 regimen, especially in function- or life-threatening situations where a rapid response is required. We review the literature and discuss the challenging issue regarding treatment of @entity765 .

title: Dramatic and delayed response to @entity632 - @entity2699 chemotherapy of a XXXX : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoid tumors', 'giant intra-abdominal desmoid tumor', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['giant desmoid tumor']


abstract: The World Health Organization's quality of life scale - short form (WHOQOL-BREF) is a well-validated, cross-cultural tool for measuring quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 with @entity102 . It has been translated into over 20 languages, none of which is an indigenous Nigerianlanguage. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of a Yoruba translated version of the WHOQOL-BREF Yoruba is the indigenous language of southwestern Nigeria. The English version of the WHOQOL-BREF was translated into Yoruba and it went through two rounds of back-translation. The English and Yoruba versions of WHOQOL-BREF were completed by 41 @entity64 survivors, literate in both languages. @entity1 were recruited through purposive sampling method from physiotherapy clinics of all tertiary health institutions in southwestern Nigeria between April and August, 2004. Data was analyzed using Spearman rank order correlation and paired t- test with the alpha level set at 0.05. @entity1 (24 males, 14 females) were aged 55 +/- 10.7 years and have had @entity64 for 28.4 +/- 6.7 months. @entity1 ' domain scores on the Yoruba translated version of WHOQOL-BREF correlated significantly with those on its English version (r = 0.695-0.859; p = 0.000). This Yoruba version is a valid translation of the English WHOQOL-BREF and may be used for assessing QOL of @entity64 survivors in southwestern Nigeria.

title: Validation of a Yoruba translation of the World Health Organization's quality of life scale--short form among XXXX survivors in Southwest Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the rate of intrinsic @entity1901 in @entity1 presenting with severe @entity1901 . DESIGN: Observational study between June 1992 and December 2007. SETTING: University tertiary referral center. @entity1 (S): Twenty-nine @entity1 presenting deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) with severe @entity1901 . Severe @entity1901 was defined as @entity75 causing significant obstruction to the urinary flow with @entity1901 . INTERVENTION(S): Complete surgical exeresis of @entity75 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pre- and peroperative evaluation associated with histologic analysis. @entity1901 was defined as presence of @entity75 infiltrating the ureteral muscularis. RESULT(S): In a series of 627 @entity1 with histologic proved DIE, we observed 29 (4.6%) @entity1 with severe @entity1901 . @entity1901 (n = 34) were right sided in 7 (24.1%) @entity1 , left sided in 17 (58.6%) @entity1 , and bilateral in 5 (17.3%) @entity1 . Eleven (37.9%) @entity1 presented @entity75 . Out of the 34 ureteral lesions 13 (38.2%) were intrinsic. In cases of radical ureteral surgery (n = 21 @entity1 ; n = 24 ureteral lesions) intrinsic ureteral DIE was observed in 52.4% (11 cases) of the @entity1 and in 54.2% (13 cases) of the ureteral lesions. CONCLUSION(S): The prevalence of intrinsic @entity1901 is underestimated. This result must be taken into account when specifying the surgical modalities for @entity1 presenting with severe @entity1901 .

title: Severe XXXX : the intrinsic type is not so rare after complete surgical exeresis of deep endometriotic lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['DIE lesions', 'intrinsic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['Ureteral lesions', 'Intrinsic ureteral endometriosis', 'ureteral endometriosis', 'ureteral stenosis']

answer: @entity1901 :: (MESH:D014515,Disease) :: ['ureteral endometriosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: In adult studies, MRI volumetrics is a proven technique in presurgical assessment of @entity302 . Hippocampal volume loss is maximal in the syndrome of mesial @entity1315 . We aimed (a) to validate this methodology in a pediatric outpatient @entity302 population (b) to determine the relationship of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) to @entity302 and risk factors. METHODS: Two neurologists classified the @entity302 in 79 pediatric outpatients, according to the International Classification of Epilepsies and @entity302 (ILAE). Hippocampal volumetrics were performed in all @entity1 . @entity131 was defined according to adult control values. RESULTS: Inter-rater variability on measurement of @entity131 was very small (Correlation of test retest of 0.97 on 17 @entity1 <3 years old). The rate of @entity131 was 44/79 (57%). In 21 @entity1 , (27%) potentially @entity75 (other than @entity131 ) were identified ( @entity1779 n = 11). @entity131 was present in 9/15 (60%) of @entity1315 and in 15/28 (54%) extratemporal onset @entity302 and 5/11 (46%) of generalized @entity302 . Analysis confined to <13 years also showed @entity131 was not specific for @entity302 . There was no significant association of febrile @entity410 (13%) with @entity131 or @entity1315 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a high incidence of @entity131 in childhood @entity302 . @entity131 was not confined to clinically defined @entity1315 . The poor correlation of @entity302 to quantitative MRI findings may be due to the inadequacies of @entity302 classification in the younger @entity1 , with the clinical semiology providing misleading localizing information. Normative childhood data for hippocampal volumes and symmetry is needed.

title: Quantitative MRI in outpatient childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal asymmetry', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic syndrome', 'symptomatic epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic syndromes', 'Epileptic Syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysgenesis']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity221 with @entity882 (SFTS) is an emerging @entity1800 in China, caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). Severe SFTS @entity1 can quickly proceed to multiorgan dysfunction and @entity204 ; however, underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: Serum samples from 15 fatal and 44 nonfatal SFTS cases were subjected to multiplex-microbead immunoassays to detect a broad spectrum of cytokines. The viral load and virus-specific IgG titers were also tested by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: Cytokines @entity1193 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity1261 , @entity371 , and @entity2842 were elevated in SFTS @entity1 and produced at robust levels in fatal cases. In contrast, cytokines PDGF-BB and @entity5737 decreased in SFTS @entity1 . These cytokines reverted to normal ranges during the convalescent phase of SFTSV infection. Cytokines @entity1356 , @entity687 , @entity10557 , and @entity12868 showed a unique pattern of elevation in fatal cases but not in nonfatal cases. However, these cytokines increased in the convalescent phase of nonfatal SFTS cases. Our regression analysis revealed that the serum viral load correlated with these cytokines. Moreover, levels of these cytokines correlated with various clinical parameters and virus-specific IgG titers. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that SFTSV infection induces a cytokine storm with abnormally expressed cytokine profiles, which are associated with the disease severity.

title: Host cytokine storm is associated with disease severity of severe XXXX with @entity882 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disease']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to provide longer follow-up of ocular findings in @entity1 with @entity1646 ( @entity1646 ) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective 6-year cohort evaluation. @entity1 : Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity1646 (19 with @entity1646 type I-H, 3 with @entity1646 type III, 1 with @entity1646 type VI) were studied. INTERVENTION: Bone marrow transplantation was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following outcome measures were considered: vision, slit-lamp biomicroscopic and funduscopic examinations, intraocular pressure, electroretinography (ERG), and retinoscopy. RESULTS: Thirteen (81%) of 16 @entity1 showed ERG improvement in the first year. However, all @entity1 showed slowly progressive decline of the ERG over longer follow-up. Other ocular findings included @entity1952 (n = 7 @entity1 ), disc @entity4 (n = 6 @entity1 ), strabismus (n = 6 @entity1 ), @entity346 (n = 6 @entity1 ), @entity231 (n = 3 eyes), @entity9849 sicca (n = 4 eyes), @entity2790 (n = 2 eyes), and @entity726 (n = 2 eyes). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1646 are rare and heterogeneous disorders characterized by progressive @entity2000 . @entity735 can occur as a result of the disease or as a consequence of BMT. Successful BMT has been shown to improve systemic health, but this may not reflect continuing ocular status and retinal function. Despite early improvement in ERG function, longer follow-up suggests progressive @entity2479 .

title: XXXX in the @entity1646 after bone marrow transplantation. Longer follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration and blindness']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal decline']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['MPS', 'mucopolysaccharidoses']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['Ocular abnormalities']


abstract: The effects of repeated periods of @entity353 and regain on metabolic rate and body composition were investigated in 11 @entity28 @entity1 (mean weight 81.98 kg, height 1.61 m, body mass index 31.44 kg/m2) studied for 18 weeks through three consecutive cycles of 2 weeks dieting followed by 4 weeks ad libitum eating. Weight loss was achieved by a very low energy diet (1861 kJ/day). Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured by whole-body indirect calorimetry and body composition by a variety of standard in vivo methods. During the three diet periods mean weight losses were 4.44, 3.29 and 2.98 kg although the mean overall @entity353 from week 0 to 18 was only 5.93 kg. The proportion of weight lost as fat was estimated as between 67 and 105 per cent of the weight lost depending on the body composition methodology employed. Absolute BMR decreased in response to dieting by 545, 285 and 286 kJ/day. When corrected for body weight and @entity6120 only the decreases in the first diet period were significant (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001 respectively). BMR had returned to normal following each 4-week ad libitum period and by the end of the study absolute BMR and BMR/kg @entity6120 had not changed significantly, despite a significant loss of weight. Consequently BMR/kg was increased (P less than 0.01), indicative of the loss of adipose tissue. We have found no evidence in this group of @entity28 @entity1 that weight cycling leads to a progressive decrease in BMR or increase in the proportion of body fat.

title: Effects of weight cycling caused by intermittent dieting on metabolic rate and body composition in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: An attempt to isolate intact mitochondria from dry @entity3587 seeds ( @entity3587 . Alaska) ended in failure. Cytochrome oxidase in crude mitochondrial fraction from dry seeds was separated into three fractions by @entity969 density gradient centrifugation. Two of the fractions contained @entity5910 dehydrogenase, whereas the other did not. Equilibrium centrifugation of mitochondrial membrane on @entity969 gradients revealed that the membrane from the fraction without @entity5910 dehydrogenase was lighter than that from the others. Differences were observed in relative content of phospholipid to protein and in polypeptide composition analyzed by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis among the membranes from three fractions and imbibed cotyledons. Membrane from the fraction without @entity5910 dehydrogenase was rich in phospholipid and lacking in polypeptides with relatively high molecular weights as compared with that from others. During imbibition, the fraction without @entity5910 dehydrogenase and one of the other two disappeared rapidly after a lag phase lasting for at least 1 hour. Concomitantly, active and stable mitochondria increased in the cotyledons. The results were interpreted to indicate that there were at least three types of mitochondria in dry seeds, the membranes of which differed in their biochemical properties, and that the mitochondria became active and stable through assembly of protein into the membranes during imbibition.

title: Biochemical Properties of Mitochondrial Membrane from Dry XXXX Seeds and Changes in the Properties during Imbibition.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['Pisum sativum var', 'pea']

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['Pea']


abstract: This study compares the clinical results of two basic variations of the modified Fontan/Kreutzer operation, direct atriopulmonary connection without an interposed valve versus atrioventricular connection using the native pulmonary valve and the potential pumping capability of the subpulmonary ventricular chamber. From January 1979 through June 1985, 84 @entity1 with @entity1145 and ventriculoarterial concordance underwent the modified Fontan/Kreutzer operation at the Mayo Clinic. Sixty @entity1 had atriopulmonary connection and 24 @entity1 had @entity1145 . Preoperative characteristics of the two @entity1 groups were similar, but there was a greater frequency of Waterston shunts in the atriopulmonary group (38% versus 17%) and greater frequency of Glenn shunts in the atrioventricular group (46% versus 15%). Mean pulmonary arteriolar resistance was 1.9 +/- 0.7 units in the atriopulmonary group and 1.1 +/- 0.8 units in the atrioventricular group (p less than 0.01). Early postoperatively, mean right atrial pressure was slightly higher in the atriopulmonary group than in the atrioventricular group (18 +/- 3 versus 16 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), but this difference was not reflected in the early or late results. Operative mortality was 5% for @entity1 with atriopulmonary connections and 4% for @entity1 with @entity1145 . At 3.5 years postoperatively, the overall survival rate was 89% +/- 4% for @entity1 with atriopulmonary connection and 88% +/- 7% for @entity1 with @entity1145 . We conclude that there is no important difference in the clinical outcome of @entity1 undergoing modified Fontan/Kreutzer repair for @entity1145 with atrioventricular concordance with either of the two operative methods. The choice of the connection should be dictated by the anatomy, such as presence of @entity849 , size of outlet chamber, and the presence of anomalous coronary arteries.

title: Comparison of atriopulmonary versus XXXX for modified Fontan/Kreutzer repair of @entity1145 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve or arterial stenoses']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia', 'atrioventricular connections']

answer: @entity1145 :: (MESH:D018785,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular connections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allograft heart valves used in cardiac surgery often fail at an unacceptable rate. Immune mechanisms contribute to this failure, but adequate and functional small-animal valve models to characterize this phenomenon are lacking. The objective of this study was to create native @entity337 in recipient @entity35 to provide for a functional abdominal aortic valve graft implant. METHODS: Lewis recipient @entity35 underwent single-leaflet injury of their native aortic valve through a right carotid catheter injury. Animals were allowed to recover for 28 days, at which time a Lewis aortic valve graft was implanted infrarenally. Echocardiography with color flow Doppler scanning was performed before @entity130 , 1 week after @entity130 , and after abdominal implantation of a valve graft in animals with native @entity337 . RESULTS: After aortic @entity340 , all animals had moderate-to-severe @entity337 with a significant increase in diastolic and systolic left ventricular dimensions. Color flow Doppler scanning revealed diastolic aortic flow reversal from the aortic valve extending to the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Aortic valve grafts were then implanted infrarenally in animals with created @entity337 and resulted in 100% patency and preservation of leaflets at 4 weeks after implantation. Leaflet motion of the abdominal graft was visualized by means of M-mode echocardiography. CONCLUSION: Compensated native @entity337 results in aortic diastolic flow reversal distal to the infrarenal aorta, thus allowing normal motion of the infrarenal allograft leaflets. This functional model will provide an opportunity to investigate the role of immunologic @entity340 in the failure of valve allografts.

title: Aortic valve graft implantation in XXXX : a new functional model.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve injury']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve insufficiency', 'aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Primary @entity320 is an extremely rare but highly aggressive @entity5 . The preoperative diagnosis is complicated for the lack of specificity. Unfortunately, the prognosis of primary @entity320 remains dismal from most literatures. To better understand this special condition, we reviewed the medical records of @entity1 with primary @entity320 in our center, retrospectively. Seven cases were seen at @entity5 Hospital (Institute) of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 1975 through 2006. Six @entity1 had complete clinical data. Of the six @entity1 , two were females and four were males. The @entity1 mean age was 51 years, ranging from 41 to 60 years. Similar to @entity418 , @entity1282 was the most common symptom. Only one @entity1 , however, was pathologically diagnosed as primary @entity320 preoperatively. Surgical procedures were performed to all @entity1 . Among the six @entity1 one accepted radiotherapy perioperatively. Four @entity1 accepted biochemotherapy postoperatively. The most common reason for death was @entity3 . Four of the six @entity1 had @entity3 to the liver, adrenal gland, heart and lymph nodes, respectively. The survival varied from 5 months to 17 years and the median survival was 8 months. Our data show that primary @entity320 is a highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Surgery remains the first selected therapy. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of primary @entity320 is still uncertain.

title: Characteristics and prognosis of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma of the esophagus']


abstract: @entity375 glycogen metabolism responds to environmental stressors such as nutrient limitation and @entity1457 . This response is mediated, in part, by the regulation of the glycogen metabolic genes. Environmental stressors induce a number of glycogen metabolic genes, including @entity32400 , which encodes glycogen phosphorylase. Primer extension analysis detected two start sites for @entity32400 , one of which predominated. Sequences upstream of these sites included a possible TATA element. Mutation of this sequence reduced @entity32400 expression by a factor of 10 but did not affect start site selection. This mutation also did not affect the relative induction of @entity32400 upon entry into stationary phase. Three candidates for stress response elements (STREs) were found upstream of the TATA sequence. Mutation of the STREs showed that they were required for regulation of @entity32400 expression in early stationary phase, and in response to @entity1457 and @entity1457 . These elements appeared to act synergistically, since the intact promoter exhibited 30-fold more expression in stationary phase than the sum of that observed for each element acting independently. @entity18385 , which encodes a MAP kinase, has been implicated in control mediated by STREs. For @entity32400 , induction by @entity1457 depended on a functional @entity18385 allele. In contrast, induction upon entry into stationary phase was only partially dependent on @entity18385 . Furthermore, the @entity1457 response, which can also be mediated by STREs, was independent of @entity18385 . These observations suggest that the @entity32400 STREs respond to more than one pathway, only one of which requires @entity18385 .

title: Expression of the XXXX glycogen phosphorylase gene is regulated by stress-response elements and by the HOG MAP kinase pathway.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['osmotic shock', 'heat shock']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Although late bronchospastic reactions after exposure to antigenic and sensitizing agents usually significantly alter bronchial responsiveness to @entity112 or @entity2710 , presumably by causing @entity32 , isolated immediate bronchospastic reactions do not induce such changes. We studied three subjects who demonstrated different patterns of reaction. The first individual was diagnosed as having @entity7446 to red cedar. This was confirmed by specific inhalation challenges that resulted in late bronchospastic reaction. No significant changes in the provocative concentration of @entity112 causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) were found 1 day after this reaction. Two weeks later, serial assessments (five and six, respectively) of PC20 @entity112 were recorded on control days and up to 48 hours after exposure to @entity28467 , which caused a late bronchospastic reaction with a maximum fall of 37% in FEV1. No significant changes in PC20 were found; the maximum variations on control days were 0.36 to 0.74 mg/ml, and on active days, from 0.37 to 0.59 mg/ml. By contrast, two other subjects, who demonstrated isolated immediate reactions after exposure to @entity5590 , had significant changes in PC20 @entity112 and @entity2710 , in one subject from 3.1 mg/ml to 0.6 mg/ml 8 hours after exposure, and in the other subject, from 61.0 to 7.4 mg/ @entity19102 hours after exposure, with recovery during the next few days. These examples demonstrate that the pattern of nonspecific bronchial responsiveness after immediate and late bronchospastic reactions can be different from what has previously been described. Immediate bronchospastic reactions may lead to @entity2488 , whereas late asthmatic reactions do not always induce changes in bronchial responsiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Significant changes in nonspecific bronchial responsiveness after isolated immediate bronchospecific reactions caused by isocyanates but not after a late reaction caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5590 :: ('MESH:C005969', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenylmethane diisocyanate']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28467 :: ('MESH:C008938', 'Chemical') :: ['plicatic acid']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity28467 :: (MESH:C008938,Chemical) :: ['plicatic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study was undertaken to evaluate the results of high tibial osteotomies on varus gonarthrosis, on which a mechanical angular correction of more than 20 degrees was performed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study concerned 46 knees in 38 @entity1 . The average @entity1 age at operation was 60 (min. 51, max. 71). All the @entity1 were evaluated clinically according to the Knee Society Scoring System and radiologically (standing AP, lateral views and monopodal whole leg weight bearing X-Rays) both pre and post operatively. 3 knees have been excluded because of various reasons. The average follow up of the remaining 43 knees was 50.3 months (min. 24, max. 109 months). The preoperative mechanical axis deviation was 22.8 degrees (min. 16, max. 36 degrees). RESULTS: Postoperatively an optimum valgus alignment was obtained in 31 knees. In 12 knees, the peroperative correction decreased and the mechanical axis was again in varus but with @entity85 . According to The Knee Society Scoring System at the last follow-up, the Knee Score was 83, and the Knee Functional Score was 81 (54 and 55 respectively preoperatively). Three cases were reoperated. One internal fixation and bone grafting for nonunion, one reosteotomy for recurrence of the @entity85 for persisting @entity158 were performed. The most frequent complication was the loss of correction which was encountered in 12 knees. Age, follow-up period and alignment were not found to influence significantly the results. Only the @entity625 stage, according to Ahlback's radiographic evaluation, was found to be an important factor influencing the results. DISCUSSION: Dome shaped osteotomy's results were surprisingly good in these @entity1 . This technique, performed with a cheap fixator, allowed an operatively exact correction of the deformity, an early active mobilization and progressive weight bearing. The dome shaped osteotomy displaces the tibial tuberosity medially and if needed anteriorly, treating effectively the patello-femoral @entity4040 which is frequently present in these highly deformed knees. CONCLUSION: Chosen because of necessity by the authors, the dome shaped osteotomy stabilized by a Charnley fixator, performed on knees needing an important angular correction, has given surprisingly good mid term results. Furthermore the good results obtained support our belief of not enlarging the arthroplasty indications against those of the osteotomies, even in severe gonarthrosis.

title: [High tibial osteotomy for XXXX of more than 20 degrees].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['less deformity', 'deformity and one total knee replacement']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['varus deformity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess similarities and differences among currently available @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) for treatment of @entity565 , with special emphasis on factors that may affect the relative safety of these medications. METHODS: PubMed was searched for relevant reviews and original articles. Information from these studies was synthesized and critically assessed. RESULTS: Differences in corticosteroid formulations and delivery systems can create variations in therapeutic efficacy. Chemical properties of the various corticosteroids may also affect their relative safety. @entity10924 and @entity2715 are administered as prodrugs activated by enzymes present in the lungs but not the oropharynx. Corticosteroid-specific adverse effects in the oropharynx are thus avoided, although formulation-specific effects may remain. Other adverse effects require systemic availability, either via the gastrointestinal tract or the lung. Once they enter the systemic circulation, all @entity4185 are rapidly metabolized by the liver. Oral bioavailability of @entity4185 such as @entity5023 , @entity10924 and @entity10438 is minimal, as a result of their essentially complete first-pass metabolism in the liver. @entity10924 also undergoes extrahepatic metabolism that eliminates it even more rapidly. Additionally, @entity10924 and @entity10438 exhibit very high levels of binding to serum proteins that reduces their ability to stimulate glucocorticoid receptors outside the lung. CONCLUSIONS: Despite acting by similar mechanisms, currently available @entity4185 and their delivery systems differ in ways that can potentially affect both safety and therapeutic effectiveness for individual @entity1 .

title: Inhaled corticosteroids for XXXX : are they all the same?

entities_list: @entity10924 :: ('MESH:C120481', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclesonide', 'Ciclesonide']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone dipropionate']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The functional tip tapering design of peripheral venous cannulae (introducer steel needle + catheter) made of @entity2636 (PUR-Instye) and @entity736 ( @entity736 -Venflon) was studied with 3 techniques: A) @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). B) Measurement of penetration forces in vitro through latex membranes and lamb skins with a tensile-compression apparatus (Instron-1122) at 1) the introducer steel-needle point, 2) the needle heel (the spot marking the passage from the point of the needle to its shaft). 3) the catheter top (i.e. the beginning of the @entity545 ), 4) the catheter tip, i.e. the beginning of the largest diameter of the @entity545 , and 5) between the catheter tip and its hub (catheter friction). C) Two cannulae (one of each type for every subject were inserted at random into the dorsal veins of the left and right hand in 37 volunteers, and the penetration forces were measured with a force transducer. RESULTS: A) The PUR-cannulae had a lancet-like appearance and a smoother transition at the catheter top, whilst the PTFE cannulae were arrow-like, cut back and had a less accentuated conical design. B) Penetration forces in vitro through latex membranes were 9-41 times lower (P less than 0.0001) than those through the large skins. The highest forces (mean +/- s.d.) registered in vitro (lamb skins) were 4.1 +/- 0.2 Newtons (N) with PUR-cannulae at the catheter tip, and 3.4 +/- 0.6 with the PTFE-cannulae at the catheter top (P less than 0.05). C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Penetration forces in cannulation of the dorsal veins of the hand: I. A comparison between @entity2636 (Insyte) and XXXX (Venflon) cannulae. Results of a study in volunteers compared with those from an in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['plastic sheath']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['Scanning electron microscopy', 'SEM']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: We previously reported that a transgenic @entity19 line containing the fetal globin promoter linked to the @entity53576 ) viral oncogene (Ggamma/T-15) resulted in @entity263 . In this study, we further @entity5 origin, frequency, invasiveness, @entity342 sensitivity, and gene expression pattern. T Ag was detected in adult but not fetal and neonatal prostates, suggesting a role for @entity3800 in @entity5 progression. However, castration shortly after prostate morphogenesis did not prevent @entity5 development, suggesting an @entity342 -independent phenotype. Tumors originated within ventral or dorsal prostate lobes and involved @entity5436 , rapid growth in the pelvic region, and @entity3 to lymph nodes and distant sites. In addition, the primary @entity5 could be propagated in @entity19 or nontransgenic @entity19 . Seventy-five percent of hemizygous and 100% of homozygous transgenic males developed @entity263 , suggesting a T Ag dosage effect. Biochemical characterization of advanced @entity5 revealed markers of both neuroendocrine and epithelial phenotypes; markers of terminal differentiation are lost early in tumorigenesis. @entity5 suppressor genes ( @entity899 and Rb), normally bound to T Ag, were up-regulated; @entity1379 proto-oncogene, which prevents apoptosis, was slightly up-regulated. @entity18122 , a stimulus to cell cycle progression, was unchanged. We propose the Ggamma/T-15 transgenic line as a model of highly aggressive @entity342 -independent metastatic @entity263 with features similar to @entity5 in @entity1 .

title: @entity263 progression, XXXX , and gene expression in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor', 'explored tumor', 'end-stage prostate cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8177 species, primarily @entity8177 , are widely distributed among animals, infrequently isolated from @entity1 , and previously not associated with outbreaks of @entity6766 . We report results of an investigation of a foodborne outbreak that occurred among attendees of a wedding reception in Wisconsin, United States, and was likely caused by A. butzleri. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study among reception attendees and a laboratory investigation to determine the extent, source, and cause of the outbreak. A clinical case was defined as @entity294 in an attendee with illness onset  <=7 days following the wedding reception. RESULTS: The case-control study included 47 of 51 case @entity1 and 43 non-ill attendees. Results demonstrated that consuming broasted @entity1573 was the only factor significantly associated with illness (odds ratio 10.51; 95% confidence interval 1.28, 476.4). Five @entity1 provided stool specimens. Comprehensive culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing did not detect common bacterial or viral pathogens. Subsequent testing with PCRs targeting 16S/23S rDNA of the three most clinically relevant @entity8177 spp. and the rpoB/C gene of A. butzleri provided products confirmed as A. butzleri (four @entity1 ) and A. cryaerophilus (one @entity1 ) by sequence analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation suggest that A. butzleri should be considered an agent that can cause outbreaks of @entity6766 . Rigorous investigation of outbreaks of undetermined etiology is valuable for incrementally increasing our understanding of emerging agents causing @entity6766 .

title: An outbreak of XXXX among attendees of a wedding reception in Wisconsin likely caused by @entity8177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['foodborne illness', 'foodborne illnesses']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8177 :: ('28197', 'Species') :: ['Arcobacter', 'Arcobacter butzleri']

answer: @entity6766 :: (MESH:D005517,Disease) :: ['foodborne illness']


abstract: The effects of long-term dietary application of garlic (dried powder, 0.5% in weight of standard chow; G group) or linseed oil (2.5%; L group) as well as a combination of both interventions (L + G group) on the life span of @entity101 @entity35 (SHR SP) was investigated. A further group fed with standard chow served as control (C). The dietary interventions were started at the age of three weeks. Besides regular measurements of the systolic arterial blood pressure (oscillometrically at the tail artery) as well as of heart rate and body weight, autopsy and histological investigations were performed. Both diets, and particularly their combination, prolonged life span significantly (mean values (days) C: 434.5 +/- 23.5; G: 453.2 +/- 16.2; L: 470.0 +/- 26.2; L + G: 494.8 +/- 39.2). There was no significant interaction of the factors garlic and linseed oil. Systolic blood pressure as measured during the compensatory stage (data used until the 39th week of life) was significantly lowered by both garlic (mean -5.8 mm Hg), linseed oil (mean -6.3 mm Hg), and their combination (mean -11.3 mm Hg). The animals died as a consequence of congestive left and @entity67 with @entity123 , @entity384 , @entity296 and cellular infiltration, left @entity715 (in most cases), and terminal @entity55 . On the other hand, @entity1294 and signs of @entity64 could not be detected. Except for the degree of @entity1184 , which was lower in the treated groups, no differences were obvious regarding the morphological findings at the time of @entity204 . There was a significant positive correlation between mean blood pressure and the degree of @entity4346 . Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between mean blood pressure and @entity123 on the one hand and survival on the other hand was obvious provided the total number of animals was considered, however, not within the individual groups. The same applies to the relation between the reduction of @entity4346 and life span. The relatively slight @entity551 effect of both dietary interventions as well as the results of previous investigations speaks in favor of a substantial influence of factors independent of blood pressure. In view of controversial results and interpretations in international literature, the mechanisms involved need further study.

title: Prolongation of life span in XXXX @entity35 by dietary interventions. Effects of garlic and linseed oil.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular atrial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endocannabinoids (ECs) are rapidly acting immune-modulatory lipid-signaling molecules that are important for adaptation to stressful and aversive situations.They are known to interact with glucocorticoids and other stress-responsive systems. Maladaptation to acute or chronic stress represents a major risk factor for the development of @entity146 . In the present study, we administered stress doses of @entity701 ina prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled double blind study in @entity1 undergoing @entity299 ( @entity299 ) to examine the relationship between the use of glucocorticoids, plasma EC levels, and the occurrence of early postoperative @entity73 ( @entity933 ) and of later development of @entity308 . METHODS: We determined plasma levels of the ECs @entity9393 and @entity9394 ( @entity14512 ) in @entity299 @entity1 of the @entity701 (n=56) and the placebo group(n=55) preoperatively, at @entity773 , at intensive care unit discharge, and at 6 months after @entity299 (n=68). @entity260 was diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association IVth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria, and @entity308 was determined by validated questionnaires and a standardized psychological interview (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV). RESULTS: Stress doses of @entity701 did not affect plasma EC levels and the occurrence of @entity933 or @entity308 . However, @entity1 who developed deliriumon @entity773 had significantly lower preoperative @entity14512 levels of the neuroprotective EC @entity14512 (median values, 3.8 vs. 11.3ng/ml; p=0.03). Preoperative @entity14512 concentrations were predictive of @entity260 (sensitivity=0.70;specificity=0.69; cutoff value=4.9 ng/ml; receiver operating characteristic curve area=0.70; 95 o/o confidence interval=0.54-0.85). @entity1 with @entity308 at 6 months after @entity299 (n=16) had significantly lower @entity9393 and @entity14512 levels during the perioperative period. CONCLUSIONS: A low perioperative EC response may indicate an increased risk for early @entity73 and long-term @entity308 in @entity1 after @entity299 . Glucocorticoids do not seem to influence this relationship.

title: Glucocorticoid-endocannabinoid interaction in cardiac surgical @entity1 : relationship to early XXXX and late @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonoylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity773 :: ('79585', 'Gene') :: ['postoperative day (POD) 1', 'POD 1']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium', 'Postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac surgery', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: @entity43 is the leading cause of @entity5 related @entity204 in @entity1 . Genetic alterations including overexpression of @entity470 play a crucial @entity43 . Here we evaluated the effect of @entity15712 ( @entity15712 ) in @entity43 cells in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of 12   mol @entity15712 resulted in drastically suppressing @entity43 growth in a preclinical @entity19 model. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that @entity15712 suppress the growth of SKOV-3, @entity1 and @entity1 @entity1 @entity43 cells by inducing apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Growth inhibitory effects of @entity15712 were mediated by inhibition of @entity470 and @entity584 , which are known to be @entity43 . @entity15712 treatment caused significant down regulation of constitutive protein levels as well as phosphorylation of @entity470 at Tyr1068 in various @entity43 cells. In addition, @entity15712 treatment drastically reduced the phosphorylation of @entity584 which is downstream to @entity470 and disrupted @entity3470 signaling. @entity15712 treatment also inhibited the kinase activity of @entity584 as observed by the down regulation of p-GSK in @entity1 and @entity1 cells. @entity584 overexpression or TGF treatment blocked @entity15712 induced apoptosis in @entity43 cells. These results suggest that @entity15712 targets @entity470 / @entity584 pathway in our model. In conclusion, our study suggests that @entity15712 could be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents to treat @entity43 .

title: Inhibition of EGFR-AKT axis results in the @entity43 in vitro and in preclinical XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor', 'ovarian cancer', 'overexpressed in ovarian tumors', 'role in ovarian carcinogenesis', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity15712 :: ('MESH:C058305', 'Chemical') :: ['phenethyl isothiocyanate', 'PEITC']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Previous description of cervical spine @entity174 in @entity1 have emphasized high mortality injuries to the @entity5788 . Our experience suggests a much wider spectrum of injury. The medical records of all @entity1 with cervical spine @entity174 admitted to @entity1 's Hospital between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 1989 were reviewed. The average age of the 50 @entity1 was 11 years (range, 2.7 to 18.8 years) and 62% were @entity1 . Motor vehicle-related accidents (54%), @entity2587 (18%), and falls (12%) accounted for the majority of the @entity174 . Twenty-nine @entity1 (58%) had an associated @entity542 . Fifty percent of the @entity1 were transported from the accident scene and 44% were interhospital transfers. All @entity1 receiving medical care prior to referral had appropriate cervical spine stabilization. On admission 30% of the @entity1 were unresponsive. Thirty-one @entity1 were alert and verbal at the time of evaluation and 30 complained of @entity4048 and @entity925 (97%). Twenty-five of the 31 @entity1 (83%) had no demonstrable @entity51 on initial physical examination. Lateral cervical spine radiographs were diagnostic in 49 @entity1 (98%). A relatively even distribution of @entity174 occurred at all levels of the cervical spine. The anatomic site of the injury did not correlate with age. Sixteen @entity1 (32%) died. Of the 34 who survived, only 6 had a persistent @entity51 . @entity1 with cervical spine @entity174 have two distinct patterns of presentation: lethal or intact. The majority of @entity1 with cervical spine @entity174 presented with no complaints of @entity4048 and/or @entity925 need a complete radiographic evaluation of their cervical spine.

title: Pediatric cervical spine XXXX : predominantly subtle presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5788 :: ('MESH:C562952', 'Disease') :: ['upper cervical vertebra']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injuries']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity11044 following surgical treatment of @entity3142 can result in a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild urgency to complete retention at its most extreme. Management of these symptoms can be challenging and requires a careful history, pelvic examination, and urodynamics in some instances. In @entity1 refractory to medications or conservative measures, urethrolysis is commonly used to treat the underlying outlet obstruction. The selection of which urethrolysis technique to use can be difficult, as many different methods have been described. In many cases, the choice of technique can be tailored to the original procedure(s) that caused the obstruction. Multiple urethrolysis procedures using a transvaginal approach have been described. One type involves perforation of the endopelvic fascia through a lateral approach. This urethrolysis usually is successful in treating obstruction after needle suspensions and pubovaginal slings, whereas retropubic procedures such as a Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK) or Burch procedure may require an anterior urethrolysis using a suprameatal approach. In cases where a Burch or MMK was performed and a sling subsequently placed, a combined lateral and anterior approach may be needed to treat the obstruction. In certain cases, a suprapubic approach may be required when the vaginal anatomy was drastically altered or a prior transvaginal urethrolysis failed. Using a urethrolysis technique tailored to the procedure that caused the obstruction, most cases of iatrogenic @entity11044 should be treatable and result in resumption of normal voiding without producing stress urinary @entity322 .

title: Treatment options for outlet obstruction following anti- XXXX surgery in females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction', 'Urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The primary objective of the current study was to identify the tolerable dose level of oral @entity1206 when given in combination with @entity12749 to @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). The secondary objectives were to describe the @entity137 of the combined regimen in @entity1 with @entity263 and to estimate the efficacy of oral @entity1206 in combination with @entity12749 based on the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity263 were treated on a 28-day cycle with @entity12749 at a dose of 140 mg orally 3 times a day on Days 1-3 and 8-10. @entity1206 was given orally on Days 2 and 9. The initial dose of @entity1206 was 50 mg/m2 and was escalated to 70 mg/m2 using the time-to-event continual reassessment method. RESULTS: Three of 17 @entity1 experienced dose-limiting @entity137 at the 70 mg/m2 dose level of oral @entity1206 . One @entity1 experienced dose-limiting @entity137 at a dose of 60 mg/m2 and no dose-limitig @entity137 were reported at the 50 mg/m2 dose. The overall response rate by > or = 50% reduction in PSA was 17.2%, (95% confidence interval, 5.9-35.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity1206 at doses of 70 mg/m2 may be safely combined with @entity12749 . The combination appears to have modest activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity263 . The trial design employed the time-to-event continual reassessment method, which potentially allows for rapid accrual, a more complete assessment of @entity137 , and a larger fraction of @entity1 to be treated at an effective dose. More active regimens are needed to further evaluate the utility of this clinical trial design in @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: Dose escalation of oral @entity1206 in combination with @entity12749 in hormone-refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'HRPC']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Vinorelbine']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: @entity263 is the most common @entity5 affecting @entity1 in the Western world. In the United States, it is the second leading cause of @entity5 related @entity204 after lung and @entity189 . No definitive causes of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) have been identified to date but, increasing age, a positive family history, and sub-Saharan African ancestry are strongly linked to its development. African American @entity1 (AAM) have the highest reported incidence rates in the United States and their mortality from the disease is markedly higher than that of European American @entity1 (EAM). Conversely, Asian American @entity1 and Pacific Islanders (API), American Indian and Alaskan Native (AI/AN) @entity1 , and Hispanic @entity1 all have lower incidence and mortality rates as compared with EAM. The reasons for these differences are unclear. However, it is clear that AAM have more advanced @entity263 when diagnosed. Several other reasons have been suggested and these include differences in treatments and health seeking behavior among the ethnic groups, cultural beliefs, environmental/lifestyle factors, dietary and genetic factors. In conclusion, there are multiple factors that @entity263 outcome and that may be responsible for ethnic disparity. These factors are discussed in this chapter.

title: Epidemiology, pathology, and genetics of XXXX among African Americans compared with other ethnicities.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['impact prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['bronchus carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: We studied whether alpha- @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) had the capacity to regulate @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) levels in @entity1 glomeruli, since decreased @entity268 in the glomerulus may increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through increasing kf (glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient). @entity1 kidneys were obtained at surgery for @entity189 . Normal cortical tissues from these kidneys were used for the study. After incubating the renal cortical slices with 0.1% collagenase, glomeruli were dissected manually under the stereomicroscope. Two glomeruli were incubated (37 degrees C, 2 min) with @entity461 (PTH) and/or alpha-hANP. @entity268 was determined by radioimmunoassay. alpha-hANP at a concentration of 5 x 10(-6) M had no effect on glomerular @entity268 accumulation in the basal condition. PTH stimulated @entity268 formation in a dose-dependent manner. alpha-hANP inhibited significantly the increase in @entity268 formation induced by PTH (p less than 0.01). This action of alpha-hANP was dose-dependent, with a maximum of 50% inhibition. PTH is one of the endogenous substances that are known to increase @entity268 formation and decrease kf. Thus, it seems likely that alpha-hANP increased GFR through modulating the production of @entity268 in @entity1 kidney.

title: Inhibitory effect of @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide on XXXX levels in microdissected @entity1 glomeruli.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity2779 , @entity2643 , or placebo were compared in the treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) of recent onset (duration < or = 48 hours). METHODS: 143 @entity1 (77 @entity1 , mean age 63 +/- 12 years) were studied, of whom 46 received @entity2779 (2 mg/kg over 15 minutes followed by 10 mg/kg over the next 24 hours), 48 received @entity2643 (300 mg intravenously over 1 hour, followed by 20 mg/kg over the next 24 hours, plus 1,800 mg/day orally, in 3 divided doses), and 49 received placebo (the equivalent amount of saline i.v. over 24 hours). @entity6838 was administered to all @entity1 who had not previously received it. RESULTS: Conversion to normal sinus rhythm occurred in 36 of 46 @entity1 (78.2%) receiving @entity2779 , in 40 of 48 @entity1 (83.3%) receiving @entity2643 , and in 27 of the 49 (55.10%) controls (P < 0.02, drug vs placebo, between drugs NS). The mean time to conversion was 2 +/- 3 hours for @entity2779 , 7 +/- 5 hours for @entity2643 , and 13 +/- 9 for placebo (P < 0.05). @entity1 who converted had smaller atria than those who did not (diameter: 42.7 +/- 5 vs 47.2 +/- 7 mm, P < 0.001 for all). Treatment was discontinued in one @entity1 in the @entity2643 group because of an @entity56 and in two @entity1 in the @entity2779 group because of excessive QRS widening. No side effects were observed in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Both drugs tested intravenously were equally effective and safe for the rapid conversion of recent-onset @entity955 to sinus rhythm. However, @entity2779 offered the advantage of more rapid conversion than @entity2643 .

title: Intravenous @entity2779 versus intravenous @entity2643 in the management of XXXX of recent onset: a placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Transcription from the sigma 54-dependent @entity3274 nifL and glnAp2 promoters is activated by the general @entity1568 regulatory protein NTRC. Unlike the glnAp2 promoter, which is relatively insensitive to changes in DNA supercoiling, transcription from nifL in vitro in a @entity2865 -based buffer is supercoiling-dependent at physiological salt concentrations. The replacement of @entity2865 with an @entity598 -based buffer decreases the stringency of the nifL supercoiling response, but open complexes formed on linear nifL promoter DNA under these conditions are unstable and less extensive than those found on supercoiled (form I) DNA. We have introduced mutations in particular elements of the nifL promoter that increase its homology to glnAp2. At the wild-type nifL promoter, sigma 54-RNA polymerase makes only limited contacts with the promoter in the absence of NTRC. However, a G to T change at -26 (nifL74) allows the formation of a stable closed complex with sigma 54-holoenzyme on both linear and form I templates in the absence of the activator. The combination of C to T mutations at -3 and -1 (nifL18) increases the A+T rich nature of the melted region and stabilizes open complexes formed on linear DNA. Open complex formation as a function of superhelical density was assessed at each promoter. Formation of open complexes at glnAp2 peaks at -0.024 and declines at higher superhelical densities, whereas at the wild-type nifL promoter, open complex formation peaks at -0.067 and is not detectable at superhelical densities less than -0.032. Both the nifL74 and nifL18 mutations altered the supercoiling response, increasing the ability to form open complexes at low superhelical densities. The presence of the nifL74 and nifL18 mutations in combination further altered the response of the promoter to DNA supercoiling. These observations suggest that the promoter as a whole, and not any one promoter element, mediates the transcriptional response to DNA supercoiling.

title: DNA supercoiling response of the sigma 54-dependent XXXX nifL promoter in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity3274 :: (573,Species) :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']