abstract: 1. Effects of stimulation of the peripheral ends of the splanchnic nerves below behavioural threshold at either 4 or 7 Hz continuously for 10 min, or at 40 or 70 Hz for 1 s at 10 s intervals for 10 min. have been compared in conscious adrenalectomized @entity742 . 2. Both patterns of stimulation resulted in an abrupt rise in mean aortic blood pressure of closely similar extent which was associated with reflex @entity1168 . 3. At the lower frequencies both patterns of stimulation elicited a closely similar rise in mean plasma @entity413 , glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide concentration, but the fall in mean plasma insulin concentration was significantly greater during continuous stimulation. 4. Unlike other species in which the release of @entity38025 and @entity6138 -like immunoreactivity (BLI) is potentiated by intermittent high-frequency stimulation, no significant differences were produced by changing the pattern of stimulation. The release of BLI was found to be frequency related over the ranges tested (4-7 Hz continuously and 40-70 Hz in bursts) whereas the release of @entity38025 was not. 5. @entity129 also produced detectable rises in the mean plasma concentrations of @entity1063 and @entity1425 . The mean average concentration of @entity1063 during stimulation in bursts was significantly higher than that during continuous stimulation (P less than 0.02). There was also a steady rise in mean plasma @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) during stimulation followed by a further rise to significantly higher values (P less than 0.02) following stimulation in bursts at 40 Hz. 6. It is concluded that the pattern of stimulation is a less important determinant of autonomic responses to splanchnic nerve stimulation in @entity742 than in certain other species.

title: Neuroendocrine responses to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in bursts in conscious, adrenalectomized, weaned XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Splanchnic nerve stimulation']

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: The medication compliance of 674 @entity1 with @entity65 was evaluated by interview. Of all 674 @entity1 , 441 (65.4%) reported taking over 95% of prescribed drugs, 193 (28.6%) took 75 to 94%, 29 (4.3%) took 50 to 74% and 11 (1.6%) took under 50%. The medication compliance of @entity1 with @entity340 (n = 60) was better than that of @entity1 with @entity301 (n = 251), @entity943 (n = 58) or @entity101 (n = 356). Among @entity1 with @entity340 , the medication compliance of those taking @entity1229 was better than that of those not taking it. Among @entity1 with @entity301 , the medication compliance of @entity951 was better than that of @entity1 after aorto-coronary bypass surgery. The level of medication compliance was not influenced by age under 79 years old, but it was slightly decreased over 80 years old. The level of medication compliance remained about the same regardless of the number or drugs, but it was closely related to the timing of dosing. The medication compliance was best with dosing in the morning. A questionnaire form about "quality of life", revealed no significant association between "quality of life" and the medication compliance. In conclusion, it was emphasized that it is the physician's responsibility to teach, motivate, and encourage @entity1 to maximize compliance.

title: [Medication compliance in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychiatric and behavioural symptoms in @entity303 are associated with a range of negative outcomes, including institutional placement and the widespread use of psychotropic drugs in spite of limited evidence for their efficacy. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of @entity146 and behavioural symptoms and the pattern of psychotropic drug prescription in @entity1 with various degrees of @entity303 . METHODS: A sample of 1,163 non-selected nursing home @entity1 were assessed by means of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Clinical @entity303 Rating scale and Lawton's activities of daily living scale. In addition, information was collected from the @entity1 ' records. RESULTS: @entity303 was found in 81% of the @entity1 and 72% of them had clinically significant @entity146 and behavioural symptoms. The frequencies of symptoms increased with the severity of the @entity303 . Psychotropic medication was being prescribed to 75% of @entity1 with @entity303 . There was a significant relationship between the type of drug and the symptom for which it had been dispensed. CONCLUSION: Psychiatric and behavioural symptoms are frequent in nursing homes and the rate increases with the progression of the @entity303 . Systematic programmes are needed for disseminating skills and providing guidance regarding the evaluation and treatment of these symptoms in nursing homes.

title: The prevalence of XXXX symptoms and behavioural disturbances and the use of psychotropic drugs in Norwegian nursing homes.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Accurate etiological diagnosis of monogenic forms of @entity6 and @entity28 is useful as it can lead to marked improvements in @entity1 care and genetic counseling. Currently, molecular diagnosis based on Sanger sequencing is restricted to only a few genes, as this technology is expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. High-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides an opportunity to develop innovative cost-efficient methods for sensitive @entity6 and @entity28 multigene screening. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We assessed a new method based on PCR enrichment in microdroplets (RainDance Technologies) and NGS using the Illumina HiSeq2000 for the molecular diagnosis of 43 forms of monogenic @entity6 or @entity28 . Forty @entity1 carrying a known causal mutation for those subtypes according to diagnostic laboratories were blindly reanalyzed. RESULTS: Except for one variant, we reidentified all causal mutations in each @entity1 associated with an almost-perfect sequencing of the targets (mean of 98.6%). We failed to call one highly complex indel, although we identified a dramatic drop of coverage at this locus. In three @entity1 , we detected other mutations with a putatively deleterious effect in addition to those reported by the genetic diagnostic laboratories. CONCLUSIONS: Our NGS approach provides an efficient means of highly sensitive screening for mutations in genes associated with monogenic forms of @entity6 and @entity28 . As cost and time to deliver results have been key barriers to uncovering a molecular cause in the many undiagnosed cases likely to exist, the present methodology should be considered in @entity1 displaying features of monogenic @entity6 or @entity28 .

title: Highly sensitive diagnosis of 43 monogenic forms of @entity6 or XXXX through one-step PCR-based enrichment in combination with next-generation sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the efficacy and safety of 4 vs 2 mg intravitreal @entity2995 (TA) injection for @entity1103 . DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label=" @entity1 " NlmCategory="METHODS">Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity1103 unresponsive to laser photocoagulation. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive 4 or 2 mg intravitreal TA in one eye (16 @entity1 in each group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome was @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) at four, 12, and 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes were gain in Early Treatment @entity6 Study (ETDRS) scores, intraocular pressure (IOP), @entity231 progression, and duration of effect. RESULTS: Before injection, mean (+/- SD) @entity1020 was 564.5 +/- 119 microm and 522.9 +/- 148.5 microm in the 4- and 2-mg groups, respectively. At four, 12, and 24 weeks after injection, it was 275.0 +/- 79.8, 271.4 +/- 128.7, and 448.7 +/- 146.4 microm, respectively, in the 4-mg group, and 267.3 +/- 82.4, 289.8 +/- 111.4, and 394.7 +/- 178.9 microm, respectively, in the 2-mg group. At no time was the difference in @entity1020 between both groups statistically significant (P> 0.3). The between-group differences in the gain in the ETDRS score and in IOP were not statistically significant either. @entity6 macular @entity4 recurred after a median period of 20 weeks vs 16 weeks in the 4- and 2-mg groups, respectively (P = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: In the short term, intravitreal injection of 4 or 2 mg TA does not have different effects on @entity1020 , visual acuity, or IOP.

title: Intravitreal @entity2995 for diffuse XXXX : phase 2 trial comparing 4 mg vs 2 mg.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: Local recurrence of marginally excised @entity242 is variable and difficult to predict. This study aimed to identify predictors of local recurrence after excisional biopsy. Medical records of 236 @entity235 from which @entity5 had been received between 2004 and 2007 were analyzed. Medium- to large-breed @entity235 , median age 10 years, were most commonly affected. A total of 139 @entity5 were graded histologically: 71 were grade 1 (51%); 59, grade 2 (42%); and 9, grade 3 (7%). Of these, 34 @entity5 (25%) were completely excised, and 104 (75%) were marginally excised. None of 30 completely excised @entity5 with follow-up information recurred. Three of 41 grade 1 @entity5 (7%), 14 of 41 grade 2 @entity5 (34%), and 3 out of 4 grade 3 @entity5 recurred after marginal excision. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to evaluate survival and the @entity5 -free interval. The log-rank test and log-rank test for trend were used for comparisons. @entity5 recurrence-free intervals for @entity235 with grade 1 and 2 @entity5 and for those with grade 1 and 3 @entity5 differed significantly (P = .0027 and .0001, respectively) and overall were inversely related to @entity5 grade (P = .0007). Kaplan-Meier survival curves, regardless of recurrence, for @entity1 with grade 1, 2, or 3 @entity5 treated by marginal excision did not differ significantly, and none differed from the survival curves of @entity1 treated by complete excision. In conclusion, histologic grade is a strong predictor for recurrence of marginally excised @entity242 . Clean margins predict nonrecurrence. @entity5 recurrence did not significantly reduce survival time.

title: Histologic grade predicts recurrence for marginally excised XXXX @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous soft tissue sarcomas']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The combination of interferon alfa-2a ( @entity3027 ) and high-dose @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) is active in @entity320 . The addition of @entity900 (CDDP) has resulted in response rates greater than 50%. This study was performed to determine whether the addition of CDDP to a cytokine treatment regimen with @entity3027 and high-dose @entity1199 influences survival of @entity1 with @entity320 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity320 were randomly assigned to receive treatment with @entity22503 x 10(6) U/m2 subcutaneously on days 1 through 5 and a high-dose intravenous decrescendo regimen of @entity1199 on days 3 through 8 (18 mIU/ m2/6 hours, 18 mIU/m2/12 hours, 18 mIU/m2/24 hours, and 4.5 mIU/m2/24 hours x 3) without (arm A) or with (arm B) CDDP 100 mg/m2 on day 1. Treatment cycles were repeated every 28 days to a maximum of four cycles. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-eight @entity1 with advanced @entity320 , of whom 87% had visceral metastases, were accrued for the trial. Both regimens were feasible in a multicenter setting. The objective response rate was 18% without and 33% with CDDP (P = .04). The progression-free survival was 53 days without and 92 days with CDDP (P = .02, Wilcoxon; P = .09, log-rank). There was no statistically significant difference in survival between treatment arms, with a median overall survival duration for all @entity1 of 9 months. CONCLUSION: The addition of CDDP to cytokine treatment with @entity3027 and @entity1199 does not influence survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity320 , despite a significant increase in response rate and progression-free survival.

title: Interferon alfa-2a and @entity1199 with or without XXXX in @entity320 : a randomized trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Cooperative Group.

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE of the study is a prospective evaluation of the severe oligospermic and azoospermic @entity1 at the moment of @entity5 diagnosis and following curative therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2006 thirty-five @entity5 were diagnosed at our institution. As soon as a testicular mass was diagnosed @entity1 were requested to cryo-conserve a semen specimen before orchiectomy. Overall 20 @entity1 adhered to our recommendation. The remaining 15 @entity1 did not follow this recommendation only due to strictly personal and psychological reasons. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 presented severe @entity6660 or @entity3893 at the moment of @entity5 diagnosis. Nine months following @entity5 removal 9 recovered or improved their fertility passing form an @entity3893 status to a mean 5.68 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml. One @entity1 remained azoospermic. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In 1999 Petersen stated that the presence of so many @entity249 @entity1 at the time of testis tumoural diagnosis was linked with defined genetic alterations in the other testis. These alterations were linked with severe @entity6660 or @entity3893 . Our study evidences how a considerable percentage of azoospermic and oligospermic @entity1 recover fertility following definite @entity5 therapies even if these are potentially harmful for spermatogenesis.

title: XXXX and severe @entity6660 in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumour', 'testicular cancers', 'testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity3893 :: (MESH:D053713,Disease) :: ['Azoospermia']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity13065 ( @entity13065 ) loaded with @entity38966 ( @entity38966 )-gene-modified bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was evaluated for the repair of experimentally-induced @entity2530 of the femoral head in @entity1237 . Bilateral early-stage @entity2530 was induced in adult @entity1237 three weeks after ligation of the lateral and medial circumflex arteries and delivery of liquid @entity1568 into the femoral head. After core decompression, porous @entity13065 loaded with @entity38966 gene- or beta-galactosidase (gal)-gene-transduced BMSCs was implanted into the left and right femoral heads, respectively. At 16 weeks after implantation, there was collapse of the femoral head in the untreated group but not in the @entity38966 or beta-gal groups. The femoral heads in the @entity38966 group had a normal density and surface, while those in the beta-gal group presented with a low density and an irregular surface. Histologically, new bone and fibrous tissue were formed in the macropores of the @entity13065 . Sixteen weeks after implantation, lamellar bone had formed in the @entity38966 group, but there were some empty cavities and residual fibrous tissue in the beta-gal group. The new bone volume in the @entity38966 group was significantly higher than that in the beta-gal group. The maximum compressive strength and Young's modulus of the repaired tissue in the @entity38966 group were similar to those of normal bone and significantly higher than those in the beta-gal group. Our findings indicate that porous @entity13065 loaded with @entity38966 -gene-transduced BMSCs are capable of repairing early-stage, experimentally-induced @entity2530 of the femoral head and of restoring its mechanical function.

title: Treatment of @entity2530 of the femoral head with hBMP-2-gene-modified tissue-engineered bone in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity38966 :: ('100860831', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2', 'BMP-2']

entities_list: @entity13065 :: ('MESH:C485817', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-tricalcium phosphate', 'beta-TCP']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: Despite the worldwide epidemic of @entity740 complicating @entity6 , current therapies directed against nephroprogression are limited to angiotensin conversion or receptor blockade. Nonetheless, additional therapeutic possibilities are slowly emerging. The diversity of therapies currently in development reflects the pathogenic complexity of @entity2316 . The three most important candidate drugs currently in development include a glycosaminoglycan, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and an inhibitor of advanced glycation. In targeting primary mechanisms by which hyperglycaemia contributes to @entity6 complications, these drugs could provide risk reduction complementary to the partial reduction proven for ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (angiotensin receptor blockers). Glycosaminoglycans act to restore glycoproteins present in reduced amounts in the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium of @entity6 animal models. Components of the drug @entity40204 prevent pathological changes and @entity644 in @entity6 @entity35 . Reductions in @entity633 , a hallmark of early @entity2316 , have been reported in initial @entity1 trials. In the US, a multicentre phase II study has been completed, with an interim analysis indicating @entity393 . Pivotal phase II trials have begun in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . A second metabolic pathway of @entity6 complications is overexpression of PKC. Several activators of this family of intracellular kinases have been identified and PKC activation may result in tissue damage through a variety of mechanisms. In animal models, the inhibitor @entity9915 reduces @entity633 , @entity6 histological changes and @entity8 . Like sulodexide, drug development of @entity9915 has reached completion of a phase II evaluation with mixed results. The third metabolic target is the nonenzymatic formulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) through well described biochemical pathways. Multiple pathways lead to AGE accumulation in tissues in @entity6 and diverse AGE products are formed. AGE deposition has been implicated in animal models of @entity2316 . The leading AGE inhibitor currently in development is @entity2766 , which has multiple actions that inhibit glycation. @entity2766 is an efficient AGE inhibitor in experimental @entity6 . A phase II study in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity8 reported mixed efficacy results and a favourable safety profile. Phase III evaluation of @entity2766 has not begun. These three classes of potential therapies, if successfully developed, will confirm that @entity2316 has entered the era of biochemical treatments.

title: New potential agents in treating XXXX : the fourth act.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity9915 :: ('MESH:C099154', 'Chemical') :: ['ruboxistaurin']

entities_list: @entity40204 :: ('MESH:C007858', 'Chemical') :: ['sulodexide']

entities_list: @entity2766 :: ('MESH:D011733', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxamine', 'Pyridoxamine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in urinary albumin losses']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity281 is challenging. While the main focus of treatment is wide surgical debridement, systemic and local antibiotic administration are important adjuvant therapies. Several reports have described the clinical use of antibiotic-impregnated @entity78 cement (CPC) to provide local antibiotic therapy for @entity79 . However, these were all individual case reports, and no case series have been reported. We report a case series treated by a single surgeon using antibiotic-impregnated CPC as part of a comprehensive treatment plan in @entity1 with @entity281 . METHODS: We enrolled 13 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4034 (n  =  6) or infected non-union (n  =  7). Implantation of antibiotic-impregnated CPC was performed to provide local antibiotic therapy as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that also included wide surgical debridement, systemic antibiotic therapy, and subsequent second-stage reconstruction surgery. We investigated the rate of successful @entity4767 . The concentration of antibiotics in the surgical drainage fluids, blood, and recovered CPC (via elution into a @entity4613 -buffered saline bath) were measured. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period after surgery was 50.4 (range, 27-73) months. There were no cases of @entity281 recurrence during follow-up. No systemic @entity137 or local complications from the implantation of antibiotic-impregnated CPC were observed. The @entity2176 concentration in the fluid from surgical drainage (n  =  6) was 527.1      363.9   g/mL on postoperative day 1 and 224.5      198.4   g/mL on postoperative day 2. In @entity1 who did not receive systemic @entity2176 therapy (n  =  3), the maximum serum @entity2176 level was <0.8   g/mL. In  vitro @entity2176 elution was observed from the CPC that was surgically retrieved (n  =  2). CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of antibiotic-impregnated CPC is an option to provide local antibiotic therapy as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

title: Antibiotic-impregnated @entity78 cement as part of a comprehensive treatment for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['infection eradication and systemic/local complications']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['established orthopaedic infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['established orthopaedic infection']


abstract: A series of six cases of @entity5 with @entity1779 , including four cases admitted at our institute, were studied. Various common clinical features were noted in these six cases. The mechanism whereby @entity5043 of the cerebrum arises from @entity1313 has been discussed on the basis of symptomatologic and clinicopathologic findings noted in these 6 cases. 1) The onset of the disease was between 8 and 14 years of age with a mean of 11 years and 8 months; thus all the 6 @entity1 being juvenile. 2) Presenting symptoms developed from 1 year and 2 months to 4 years before admission, with an average of 2 years and 1 month. The clinical course was therefore relatively chronic in every case. 3) Presenting symptoms were: decline of school work, @entity1269 and @entity909 . These symptoms were all progressive throughout the course. The principal symptoms were @entity1269 , hemihypoesthesia, character and emotional changes, deterioration of mental faculties and @entity146 . No sign or symptom of significant increase of intracranial pressure were observed in any case. 4) Ipsilateral @entity1779 on the @entity5 side was evidenced by carotid angiography and by pneumoencephalography. 5) The common site of @entity5 in this series was the thalamus and its surrounding areas. 6) The @entity5 was invariably a @entity979 which seemed to be ectopic in every case. 7) The obtained histopathological findings suggest that the @entity1779 was due to thinning of the cerebral cortex with @entity528 and disappearance of ganglion cells, @entity17 in the subcortex and destruction of axons. Our speculated mechanism of @entity1779 due to @entity5 is that @entity5 causes the @entity528 and disappearance of @entity9479 cells and nerve fibers, consequently occurring secondary Waller's @entity528 of afferent and projecting fibers from the thalamus as well as @entity10747 of efferent fibers, thus resulting in an extensive @entity194 of the cerebral cortex and subcortical tissue.

title: @entity1313 with @entity1779 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cerebral tumor', 'thalamic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pinealoma']

entities_list: @entity5043 :: ('MESH:D005150', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral hemiatrophy']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic ganglion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemiatrophy', 'ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Substitution of @entity4959 for @entity13923 in @entity1 on dialysis: effects on @entity520 , parathyroid function, and calcemia. We studied the effects of substituting @entity16415 for @entity3775 -containing gels on @entity520 and on the response of the parathyroid glands in 11 @entity1 treated with chronic hemodialysis. The 8 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 were clinically stable, were known to be compliant, and had no clinical evidence of @entity3775 overload; they were not receiving @entity560 supplements; and they had been on dialysis for an average of 65.6 months (range: 13-188 months). After 3 weeks of @entity16415 administration plasma @entity1391 concentration remained well controlled, and plasma @entity460 concentration increased from 9.2 +/- 0.2 (2.3 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) to 10.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl (2.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l). Predialysis plasma bicarbonate concentration increased from 19.7 +/- 0.6 to 21.9 +/- 0.6 mmol/l. Plasma @entity3775 concentration decreased from 78.7 +/- 12.5 to 48.5 +/- 3.9 micrograms/l. Plasma @entity461 level increased from 2.0 +/- 0.7 to 3.3 +/- 0.8 ng/ml despite the concurrent increase in plasma @entity460 levels. All values returned to control levels following discontinuation of @entity16415 and resumption of @entity3775 gels. We conclude: (1) In addition to controlling @entity2265 and increasing plasma @entity460 concentration, @entity16415 ameliorates @entity520 . (2) Avoidance of oral @entity3775 intake is followed by prompt lowering of plasma @entity3775 levels. (3) @entity461 levels paradoxically increase despite the increment in plasma @entity460 concentration. The @entity2741 seen with @entity16415 administration may be due, in part, to transient parathyroid hypersecretion that develops when @entity3775 administration is discontinued.

title: Substitution of @entity4959 for @entity13923 in XXXX on hemodialysis. Effects on @entity520 , on parathyroid function, and on calcemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13923 :: ('MESH:D000536', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid @entity28 . The classic procedure, jejunoileal bypass, has many complications including rapid progress of @entity409 . The senior author (I.F.) has developed a modification of jejunoileal bypass, which we believe overcomes many of the shortcomings of the classic procedure. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 referring for bariatric surgery were included. A modified jejunoileal bypass in which the defunctionalized limb is eliminated by anastomosing its ends to the @entity1085 and cecum was performed. Liver biopsies were taken during operation and at a mean of 16 months later. The @entity1 were followed for 5 years. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 were enrolled. The mean value of weight and body mass index (BMI) fell from 128 kg and 46 kg/m(2) before operation to 85 kg and 31 kg/m(2) at 5 years, respectively (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in the degree of @entity1560 and necroinflammation. The mean liver @entity82 score increased from 0.1 to 0.9 (p = 0.015). No sign of advanced @entity409 was observed during the 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The modified jejunoileal bypass is very effective in inducing and maintaining weight loss for 5 years and does not lead to @entity1578 or rapid progression of @entity409 .

title: Modified jejunoileal bypass surgery with biliary diversion for morbid XXXX and changes in liver histology during follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity1779 Mansoni is a very rare disease caused by a larva of Diphyllobothrium and so far, only two cases have been reported. Another two cases are presented in this paper. Case 1: A 64-year-old @entity1 was admitted presenting with hypovolition. He has eaten thunder fishes several years before. CT scan revealed an extensive low density area with an enhanced nodular mass around the right basal ganglia. An operation was carried out on the preoperative diagnosis of @entity1313 and a @entity738 was completely removed. His postoperative course was excellent. The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1779 . Case 2: The @entity1 was 60-year-old @entity3930 in the left half of his face. He has often been to South Korea where @entity1 of @entity5472 Mansoni are often reported. Enhanced CT scan demonstrated a small nodular region in the tip of the left temporal lobe. Sparganum Mansoni was identified during surgery and a @entity738 was also extirpated. His postoperative course was also excellent. In cases with cerebral parasitism by Sparganum Mansoni, CT scan shows an extensive low density area with a nodular enhancement, but no calcification nor cyst formation. It is quite difficult to differentiate @entity5472 from @entity5 on CT and laboratory data preoperatively. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by postoperative histological examination. As for the treatment of this disease, no effective chemotherapy is now available and surgical excision is recommended. Actually, four cases with @entity1779 including two of our own demonstrated a satisfactory prognosis by surgical treatments.

title: [ XXXX mansoni--report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['male showing hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral tumors']

entities_list: @entity5472 :: ('MESH:D013031', 'Disease') :: ['Sparganosis', 'sparganosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral Sparganosis', 'cerebral sparganosis']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Cerebral sparganosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Epidemiologic studies have linked adverse health outcomes to lower socioeconomic status (SES). To our knowledge, none have associated post-operative @entity453 ( @entity453 ) surgery survival to this risk factor. To assess this, we compared post-operative survival among 771 @entity453 @entity1 from different SES communities in a Southeastern state 36 months after surgery (mean follow-up = 30 months). All @entity1 were admitted to the same tertiary care medical center for surgery in 1994 (mean age = 62; females = 214; African Americans = 13; @entity1 years of follow-up = 2,153; 36-month mortality = 8.8%). METHODS: Data were extracted from the medical records of all @entity453 @entity1 admitted in 1994 using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons' data-collection protocol. The study hypothesis was that @entity1 from "disadvantaged" communities would have lower survival rates after surgery, controlling for the severity of the @entity1 's medical condition. In this study, 181 @entity1 were from an Appalachian county and 437 were from a medically under-served county. Post-discharge mortality was ascertained from state mortality files. Forward and backwards step-wise Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to select the most significant risk factors for mortality from 8 county-level community indicators and 32 clinical risk factor variables potentially associated with post-operative survival. RESULTS: Controlling for traditional risk factors for post-operative @entity453 survival, @entity1 from counties with the lowest housing values have a significant increased risk of @entity204 36 months after @entity453 surgery (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.26-4.78, P = 0.008). Being an African American also appeared to be a significant and independent risk factor for @entity204 36 months after surgery, as well (HR = 4.55, 95% CI = 1.37-15.11, P = 0.013). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that residence in a poor community and possibly African American status are significant and independent risk factors for mortality 36 months after @entity453 surgery, although the latter may have included too few cases (n = 13) to assess this effectively. Additional research is needed to determine why these associations exist and to develop specific interventions. In the mean time, closer surveillance is recommended for @entity453 @entity1 admitted from lower SES communities and possibly for African American @entity1 .

title: Survival after XXXX surgery and community socioeconomic status: clinical and research implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CABG', 'coronary artery bypass graft']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery bypass graft']


abstract: @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ) is a highly prevalent @entity158 condition, estimated to affect 15%-20% of @entity1 in the United States. Endometriosis is often associated with @entity1118 , however, other factors, such as preexisting or concomitant changes of the central @entity158 system, might contribute to the development of @entity1118 . We applied voxel-based morphometry to determine whether @entity1 with @entity1118 with and without @entity46 display changes in brain morphology in regions known to be involved in @entity158 processing. Four subgroups of @entity1 participated: 17 with @entity46 and @entity1118 , 15 with @entity46 without @entity1118 , 6 with @entity1118 without @entity46 , and 23 healthy controls. All @entity1 with @entity46 and/or @entity1118 were surgically confirmed. Relative to controls, @entity1 with @entity46 -associated @entity1118 displayed decreased gray matter volume in brain regions involved in @entity158 perception, including the left thalamus, left cingulate gyrus, right putamen, and right insula. @entity1 with @entity1118 without @entity46 also showed decreases in gray matter volume in the left thalamus. Such decreases were not observed in @entity1 with @entity46 who had no @entity1118 . We conclude that @entity1118 is associated with changes in regional gray matter volume within the central @entity158 system. Although @entity46 may be an important risk factor for the development of @entity1118 , acting as a cyclic source of peripheral nociceptive input, our data support the notion that changes in the central @entity158 system also play an important role in the development of @entity1118 , regardless of the presence of @entity46 .

title: Changes in regional gray matter volume in XXXX with chronic pelvic pain: a voxel-based morphometry study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pelvic pain', 'CPP', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the recommendation that to avoid the complications of long-term indwelling bladder catheterization (e.g. encrustation and blockage by crystalline @entity5609 biofilms) @entity1 should drink cranberry juice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine was collected from groups of volunteers who had drunk up to 2 x 500 mL of cranberry juice or water within an 8-h period. Laboratory models of the catheterized bladder were supplied with urine from these groups and inoculated with @entity9700 . After incubation for 24 or 48 h, the extent of catheter encrustation was determined by chemical analysis for @entity460 and @entity1760 . Encrustation was also visualized by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The amounts of @entity460 and @entity1760 recovered from catheters incubated in urine pooled from individuals who had drunk 500 mL of cranberry juice was not significantly different from that on catheters incubated in pooled urine from control subjects who had drunk 500 mL of water. However, there was significantly less encrustation (P = 0.007) on catheters from models receiving urine from volunteers who had drunk 2 x 500 mL of water than on catheters incubated in models supplied with urine from volunteers who had drunk 2 x 500 mL of cranberry juice. The amounts of encrustation on these two groups of catheters were also significantly less than that on catheters incubated in models supplied with urine from volunteers who had not supplemented their normal fluid intake. (P < 0.001). Experiments in the models using artificial urine showed that increasing the low fluid intake (720 mL/24 h) characteristic of many @entity1 undergoing long-term catheterization by factors of three and six, significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the amounts of @entity460 and @entity1760 that formed on catheters. At a simulated fluid intake of 720 mL/24 h, catheters blocked with encrustation after a mean of 42.5 h, while those supplied with urine produced from an intake of 4320 mL/24 h, drained freely for > 10 days. CONCLUSION: In this in vitro study, drinking cranberry juice did not produce urine that was inhibitory to the development of crystalline catheter-blocking @entity9700 biofilms. The important factor in preventing catheter encrustation is a high fluid intake.

title: Does drinking cranberry juice produce urine inhibitory to the development of crystalline, catheter-blocking XXXX biofilms?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity5609 :: (584,Species) :: ['Proteus mirabilis']


abstract: The aim of @entity3384 repair is to achieve a functional and aesthetically acceptable upper @entity3384 . Many techniques have been described but do not fulfil the basic aesthetic criteria. This series assessed the long term results from a subjective and objective point of view in a group of 20 @entity1 who only had the initial repair, as described by Millard, without further revisional surgery. Surgery was undertaken at approximately 3 months of age and no secondary procedures were performed thereafter. The analysis related essentially to the residual scar. @entity1 were assessed subjectively and objectively by means of questionnaires. A control group (n = 20) of normal @entity1 , of similar age, male to female ratio and of similar racial distribution was selected for comparison of the Cupid's bow. No @entity1 were unhappy with the middle part of the scar, however, the upper and lower thirds created more concern. The complaints in the upper part of the scar were related to an unattractive scar crossing the base of the columella. The complaints relating to the lower part of the scar were related to peaking of the vermilion skin junction and notching of the lip margin. The most striking features that were noted from the objective evaluation were: 1. Virtually all @entity1 had scar transgression of normal anatomical boundaries in the upper part of the @entity17498 . There was a very high incidence of peaking (65%) and notching (45%) in this study group. 3. Cupid's bow to horizontal lip length ratio was greater in most @entity1 as compared to normal. The study shows that the upper part of the scar close to the nose is problematic both from a subjective and objective point of view. In addition, the ratio of Cupid's bow to the overall lip length seems to be large.

title: A long term subjective and objective assessment of the scar in XXXX repairs using the Millard technique without revisional surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cleft lip', 'lip scar']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['unilateral cleft lip']


abstract: @entity63 --warm reperfusion (CI/WR) @entity66 , the nature and underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear. Isolated hepatocytes and isolated perfused livers were used to determine the prevalence of @entity39 and apoptosis as well as @entity2383 . In isolated cells, @entity2667 and @entity5956 staining showed a cold-storage, time-dependent increase in @entity39 , whereas apoptosis was minimal even after 48 h of @entity2332 . Nonetheless, a progressive loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed. Translocation of mitochondrial @entity4674 toward microsomes occurred within 24 h of CI/WR, with @entity4674 reaching the cytosol later. Mitochondria isolated from whole livers subjected to CI/WR also display reduced metabolic parameters and increased susceptibility to swelling. These events are associated with increased activity of major initiator ( @entity8187 ) and effector ( @entity522 ) caspases. The results demonstrate that CI/WR induces @entity2383 in isolated cells and in the whole organ; only in the latter is that sufficient to trigger the classical mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Our study also provides evidence for the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in CI/WR @entity130 . Combined protection of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum may thus represent an innovative therapeutic avenue to enhance liver graft viability and functional integrity.

title: Implication of @entity2383 and cell death in cold preservation--warm reperfusion-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury of liver transplantation involves hepatocyte cell death']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Cold ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocyte injury']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['hepatocyte injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate analgesic prescription patterns and administration in postoperative cardiac surgery @entity1 in the ICU in a tertiary hospital. METHOD: The audit was registered with the institutional Quality Improvement Committee. A sample of 73 postcardiac surgery @entity1 who were admitted to the ICU during a 12-month period in 2003-2004 were reviewed. RESULTS: All @entity1 received opioid @entity1337 in the ICU. On the first postoperative day, @entity1 received a mean of 1.27 mg @entity1286 equivalents per hour, while the 25 @entity1 present in the ICU for a second day received a mean of 0.84 mg @entity1286 equivalents per hour. No relationship was seen between Day 1 administration of @entity1337 and age, sex or use of an internal mammary artery (IMA) graft or Day 2 administration and sex or use of IMA. A slight negative relationship existed between @entity1286 administered on Day 2 and age (r = ?0.38, P = 0.06). @entity1443 or @entity1443 plus @entity10425 (8 mg or 30 mg) was administered to 70 @entity1 (96%), but was prescribed 6-hourly in 24 @entity1 (33%) and actually administered 6- hourly in 32 (44%). No @entity1337 was administered in 23% of @entity1 before removal of chest drains. The average time to extubation was 15.7 h (SD, 12.1 h). A moderate correlation between time to extubation and @entity1286 equivalents per hour on Day 1 was demonstrated (r=0.43, P < 0.001). The average duration of ICU stay was 28.1 h. A routine @entity158 assessment score was not charted for any the 73 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We recommend introducing scoring of @entity1 @entity158 in the ICU, both at rest and with movement, and provision of a designated area on the ICU flow chart for these scores. @entity1443 or other simple analgesics could be prescribed regularly, and staff need education about premedication of @entity1 before removal of chest drains.

title: Review of XXXX use in the intensive care unit after heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: 1. The prothoracic gland is the main source of @entity8827 in larvae of the cockroach @entity564 . 2. Besides @entity4080 the molting gland of @entity564 secretes @entity42365 and proteins. 3. The molting gland of @entity564 is regulated in different successive steps of cooperation of nervous and neuroendocrine activity. 4. Neurogenic effects on the molting gland via the prothoracic gland nerves are concentrated on the period of prepeak production of @entity8827 . 5. Prior to the 17th day, the glands secretory activity is inhibited by @entity1246 -ergic neuronal pathways from the subesophageal ganglion. 6. @entity4943 by a peptidergic brain factor elicits the competence of the gland for prepeak activity, completed by the glandotropic effect of PTTH. 7. The 17th day of the larval stage is characterized as the head critical period, i.e., after this period the ecdysteroid secretion of the gland is independent of the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) from the brain. 8. The main peak of @entity8827 production is regulated by prothoracicotropic neuropeptids from the brain.

title: The molting gland of the cockroach XXXX : secretory activity and its regulation.

entities_list: @entity564 :: ('6978', 'Species') :: ['Periplaneta americana', 'Periplaneta']

entities_list: @entity42365 :: ('MESH:C047104', 'Chemical') :: ['3-dehydroecdysone']

entities_list: @entity8827 :: ('MESH:D026461', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysteroid', 'ecdysteroids']

entities_list: @entity4080 :: ('MESH:D004440', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysone']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['Neurogenic disinhibition']

answer: @entity564 :: (6978,Species) :: ['Periplaneta americana']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is closely correlated with abnormal accumulation of visceral fat, but the role of skeletal muscle remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of skeletal muscle in development of @entity1561 . METHODS: Among 11,116 subjects (6,242 males), we examined the effects of skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area (VFA, by bioelectric impedance analysis) on @entity1561 using by the @entity1560 ( @entity1560 ). RESULTS: Of the total subjects (9,565 total, 5,293 males) included, 1,848 were classified as having NALFD ( @entity1560 >= 60). Body mass index, lipid profile, fasting plasma @entity413 , hemoglobin A1c, prevalence of type 2 @entity6 ( @entity3918 ), @entity101 ( @entity101 ), and @entity209 were higher in males than females, but @entity1560 showed no significant difference. The low @entity1560 group showed the lowest VFA and highest skeletal muscle mass of all the groups. Skeletal muscle to visceral fat ratio (SVR) and skeletal muscle index had inverse correlations with @entity1560 , when adjusted for age and gender. In multivariate regression analysis, SVR was negatively associated with @entity1560 . Among SVR quartiles, the highest quartile showed very low risk of @entity1561 when adjusted for age, gender, lipid profile, @entity3918 , @entity101 , and high sensitivity @entity1851 from the lowest quartiles (odds ratio, 0.037; 95% confidence interval, 0.029 to 0.049). CONCLUSION: Skeletal muscle mass was inversely associated with visceral fat area, and higher skeletal muscle mass may have a beneficial effect in preventing @entity1561 . These results suggest that further studies are needed to ameliorate or slow the progression of @entity6288 .

title: The role of skeletal muscle in development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver index', 'FLI']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease']


abstract: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of @entity8718 ( @entity29910 ) concentration and duration of etching on the shear bond strength of an orthodontic bonding resin to enamel. Nine bonding procedures, each involving 18 extracted @entity1 maxillary permanent @entity235 , were used. Ground enamel surfaces were etched with a 37% @entity29910 solution, a 15% @entity29910 gel, or a 5% @entity29910 solution for 60, 30, and 15 seconds, respectively. Cylinders of an orthodontic bonding resin, Concise, were prepared in a special device. The test specimens were disassembled 15 minutes after preparation and stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. A shear load was applied to the bonded cylinders at a crosshead speed of 0.02 in. @entity1009 in an Instron testing machine, and the shear bond strengths were calculated and expressed in MN.m-2. A two-factor analysis of the data showed that the @entity29910 concentration had no significant effect on the shear bond strength, but the duration of etching affected shear bond strength significantly. The enamel aspects of the fractured test specimens were examined microscopically and the percent failure within the bonding resin at the bonding sites estimated. The correlation between shear bond strength and percentage failure within the bonding resin was not significant. The effects of the nine etching procedures on ground and unground enamel surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The etching procedures produced well-defined etching patterns on both ground and unground enamel surfaces.

title: Effects of XXXX concentration and etch duration on the shear bond strength of an orthodontic bonding resin to enamel. An in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoric acid']

answer: @entity8718 :: (MESH:C030242,Chemical) :: ['phosphoric acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sequential administration of radiotherapy and endocrine therapy is considered to be a standard adjuvant treatment of @entity0 . Recent clinical reports suggest that radiotherapy could be more efficient in association with endocrine therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity172 effects on irradiated @entity0 cells (IR-cells). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Using functional genomic analysis, we examined the effects of @entity53 (E(2), a natural @entity172 ) on MCF-7 @entity0 cells. RESULTS: Our results showed that E(2) sustained the growth of IR-cells. Specifically, @entity172 prevented cell cycle blockade induced by gamma-rays, and no modification of apoptotic rate was detected. In IR-cells we observed the induction of genes involved in premature senescence and cell cycle progression and investigated the effects of E(2) on the @entity876 / @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 )/Rb pathways. We found that E(2) did not affect @entity876 activation but it decreased cyclin E binding to @entity994 ) and sustained downstream Rb hyperphosphorylation by functional inactivation of @entity994 ). We suggest that Rb inactivation could decrease senescence and allow cell cycle progression in IR-cells. CONCLUSION: These results may help to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the maintenance of @entity0 cell growth by E(2) after irradiation-induced damage. They also offer clinicians a rational basis for the sequential administration of ionizing radiation and endocrine therapies.

title: Estrogens decrease gamma-ray-induced senescence and maintain cell cycle progression in XXXX cells independently of @entity876 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17-beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic nephrectomy in @entity1 with known venous involvement is an emerging technique. The goal of this study was to describe our experience and outcomes with laparoscopic nephrectomy for @entity1 with preoperatively diagnosed level I (renal vein) @entity5 @entity715 . METHODS: The data from all @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy by one surgeon from July 1, 2004 to February 28, 2006 were reviewed. The @entity1 with a preoperatively diagnosed @entity5 @entity715 were included in the study. A pure laparoscopic transperitoneal technique was used with intraoperative ultrasonography to ensure complete removal of the @entity715 . The medical records were reviewed for clinical, operative, and follow-up information. RESULTS: Five @entity1 were identified. The mean age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and @entity5 size were 59.8 years (range 34 to 81), 2.6 (range 2 to 3), and 5.5 cm (range 4 to 6), respectively. The mean operative time and estimated @entity190 were 119.6 minutes (range 92 to 180) and 150 mL (range 50 to 300), respectively. The mean hospital stay was 3.6 days (range 2 to 4), and no complications occurred. The final stage was T3b with negative margins in all cases. The mean Fuhrman grade was 2.4 (range 2 to 3). Two @entity1 had known @entity3 and underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy. These 2 @entity1 were alive at a mean follow-up of 11.5 months. Of the other 3 @entity1 , at a mean follow-up of 8.7 months, 2 had no evidence of disease, and 1 had developed recurrence in the liver and was treated with @entity2857 , resulting in @entity5 regression. CONCLUSIONS: Pure laparoscopic transperitoneal nephrectomy for @entity1 with preoperatively diagnosed level I @entity5 @entity715 is safe and effective in experienced hands. Additional series are needed to examine the long-term oncologic outcomes.

title: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal carcinoma with known level I renal vein @entity5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1007 is a major risk factor for @entity65 and requires continuous management. The role of primary physicians in this regard is important, yet the factors associated with successful lipid lowering treatments in primary clinics have not been clearly identified. We aimed to evaluate the rate of successful @entity1007 treatment in Korean primary care, and to identify the factors associated with achieving low density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) targets. METHODS: We prospectively recruited and retrospectively assessed 1851 Korean @entity1 with @entity1007 who visited family physicians and were prescribed @entity8671 for the first time. @entity11429 lowering targets, defined according to NCEP ATP III guidelines, were evaluated at 6 months after the first prescription. The factors associated with achieving these targets were also assessed. RESULTS: Overall, 87.6% of our @entity1 attained their @entity11429 goals. In multiple logistic regression analysis, good adherence to medication was strongly associated with the achievement of target @entity11429 levels, whereas higher cardiovascular risk factors including @entity6 (in both sexes), low high density lipoprotein, and current smoking status (in males), and @entity101 (in females) were related to @entity11429 target level failures. CONCLUSION: Our observations of the short period for @entity1007 in Korean primary care has revealed that the rate of achieving target @entity11429 levels was high in these @entity1 , whereas @entity1 at higher risk for @entity65 tended to have lower @entity11429 achievement outcomes. Primary care physicians should pay more attention to @entity1 showing higher cardiovascular risk and stress the need for good adherence and management regimens in these individuals.

title: Achieving recommended low density lipoprotein @entity165 goals and the factors associated with target achievement of XXXX @entity1 with @entity8671 in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia', 'hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of vascular endothelium following @entity1317 . @entity25007 has a beneficial effect on endothelium of @entity101 @entity1 , but limited data are available on EPCs-mediated endothelial protection. This study tests the hypothesis that @entity25007 treatment can improve endothelial repair capacity of EPCs from @entity101 @entity1 through increasing CXC chemokine receptor four ( @entity436 ) signaling. METHODS: In vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs from @entity101 @entity1 with or without in vitro @entity25007 treatment was examined in a nude @entity19 model of @entity1914 . Expression of @entity436 and alteration in migration and adhesion functions of EPCs were evaluated. RESULTS: Basal @entity436 expression was markedly reduced in EPCs from @entity101 @entity1 compared with normal subjects. In parallel, the phosphorylation of @entity4016 ( @entity4016 ) of EPCs, a @entity436 downstream signaling, was also significantly decreased. @entity25007 promoted @entity436 / @entity4016 signaling expression of in vitro EPCs. Transplantation of EPCs pretreated with @entity25007 significantly accelerated in vivo reendothelialization. The enhanced in vitro function and in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs were inhibited by shRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity436 expression or pretreatment with @entity4016 inhibitor @entity22943 , respectively. In @entity101 @entity1 , @entity25007 treatment for 4 weeks also resulted in an upregulation of @entity436 / @entity4016 signaling of EPCs, which was associated with augmented EPCs-mediated reendothelialization and improved endothelial function. CONCLUSION: Deterioration of @entity436 signaling may lead to impaired EPCs-mediated reendothelialization of @entity101 @entity1 . @entity25007 -modified EPCs via a partially @entity436 signaling contribute to enhanced endothelial repair capacity in @entity101 .

title: XXXX improves endothelial repair capacity of endothelial progenitor cells from @entity1 with essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity25007 :: ('MESH:C060285', 'Chemical') :: ['Lacidipine', 'lacidipine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity1914 :: ('MESH:D020212', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery injury']

answer: @entity25007 :: (MESH:C060285,Chemical) :: ['Lacidipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the recent advances in immunosuppression, @entity134 -resistant rejection remains a difficult problem in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: We reviewed our experience with i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the treatment of @entity134 - and antilymphocyte antibody-resistant rejection in renal transplant @entity1 . Between September 1996 and March 1999, 17 @entity1 were treated with IVIG to reverse @entity134 - or antilymphocyte antibody-resistant rejection. A total of 2 g/kg of IVIG was administered to @entity1 during each treatment course. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 21.5+/-9.5 months from the time of IVIG administration, @entity1 and graft survival rates were 94% (16/17) and 71% (12/17), respectively. The baseline mean serum @entity1011 level prior to rejection was 2.2+/-0.7 mg/dl and peaked at 3.3+/-1.1 mg/dl at the time of the diagnosis of refractory rejection. IVIG therapy was associated with a fall in the mean @entity1011 to 2.8+/-1.1 mg/dl. The most recent serum @entity1011 in @entity1 with functioning grafts was 2.8+/-1.6 mg/dl. In 82% of allograft biopsies after IVIG, reversal or reduction in the severity of rejection was demonstrated. In addition, IVIG therapy rescued three of four patients with antilymphocyte antibody-resistant rejection. CONCLUSIONS: IVIG rescue therapy for @entity134 - or antilymphocyte antibody-resistant rejection is associated with resolution or improvement of rejection severity, stable renal function, and reasonable graft survival.

title: Reversal of XXXX - and anti-lymphocyte antibody-resistant rejection using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study estimates the risk of @entity64 within 5 years of newly diagnosed @entity303 among elderly @entity1 aged 65 and above. We examined the relationship between antipsychotic usage and development of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity303 . METHODS: We conducted a nationwide 5-year population-based study using data retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 (LHID2005) in Taiwan. The study cohort comprised 2243 @entity1 with @entity303 aged >= 65 years who had at least one inpatient service claim or at least 2 ambulatory care claims, whereas the comparison cohort consisted of 6714 randomly selected subjects (3 for every @entity303 @entity1 ) and were matched with the study group according to sex, age, and index year. We further classified @entity303 @entity1 into 2 groups based on their history of antipsychotic usage. A total of 1450 @entity1 were classified into the antipsychotic usage group and the remaining 793 @entity1 were classified into the non-antipsychotic usage group. Cox proportional-hazards regressions were performed to compute the 5-year @entity64 -free survival rates after adjusting for potentially confounding factors. RESULTS: The @entity303 @entity1 have a 2-fold greater risk of developing @entity64 within 5 years of diagnosis compared to non- @entity303 age- and sex-matched subjects, after adjusting for other risk factors (95% confidence interval (CI)=2.58-3.08; P<.001). Antipsychotic usage among @entity1 with @entity303 increases risk of @entity64 1.17-fold compared to patients without antipsychotic treatment (95% CI=1.01-1.40; P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity303 may be an independent risk factor for @entity64 , and the use of antipsychotics may further increase the risk of @entity64 in @entity303 @entity1 .

title: Population-based 5-year follow-up study in Taiwan of @entity303 and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity378 is a public health problem in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge of @entity1906 @entity1 about symptoms, ways of transmission and treatment of @entity378 , and their perception of the illness. Between March and August 2008, 762 adult @entity1906 @entity1 were interviewed at selected DOTS centre of Dhaka city. Male and female distribution was 55.6% and 44.4%, respectively. One quarter of them were illiterate, and more than half had extended family and live in a congested situation. Night fever was the most common symptom known (89.9%), and 56% were aware that it could spread through sneezing/coughing. Television was mentioned as a source of information about @entity1906 . The majority expressed a helping attitude towards other @entity1906 @entity1 . Although most of them were positive about getting family support, 46.6% mentioned discrimination of separate utensils for food or drink. About 50.5% expressed increased sadness, 39.8% had fear of loss of job/wedges, and 21.4% felt socially neglected. Along with drug treatment the psychosocial reactions of @entity1906 @entity1 should be addressed at DOTS centers for better control of the disease.

title: XXXX 's Knowledge and Attitude towards @entity378 in an Urban Setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Reversible transient osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption was used to increase drug delivery to the brain. The authors treated 10 cases of @entity11 with intra-arterial chemotherapy after osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption. Ten @entity1 received intra-arterial anticancer drugs ( @entity1487 , ACNU, @entity2391 ) after intra-arterial infusion of 20% @entity2656 to open the blood-brain barrier at the @entity5 site. Clinical responses in 9 evaluable cases were 1 Complete Response, 3 Partial Responses, 5 No Change and no Progressive Disease in CT examination. Response rate was 44.4% (4/9). The most untoward effect of this method was myelosuppression. Platelet and leukocyte count diminished below 20,000 and 2,000, respectively in 3 cases, and 2 out of these 3 cases died of severe @entity281 . The other complications were @entity3856 during @entity2656 infusion in all cases, when the selective catheterization of the internal carotid artery failed to pass the origin of the ophthalmic artery. Decreased activity was seen in 70%, @entity390 and @entity391 in 50%, swelling of external decompression area in 33%, increased @entity51 in 20%, but all these side effects were transient. This method was considered an effective treatment for @entity11 .

title: [Intra-arterial chemotherapy of XXXX after osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption].

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 suffering from progressive @entity1252 (pSLE) is poor, despite treatment with intensive drug regimens with combinations of @entity288 , @entity500 and @entity786 . Side-effects such as @entity281 often occur. In the present trial, 21 @entity1 (four male, 17 female, aged 37.9 +/- 12.8) suffering from pSLE for 9.4 +/- 2.6 years, were treated for 2.3 +/- 1.8 years with drug regimens as mentioned above. Then, over a period of 6.4 +/- 2.6 (range 1-8) years, in addition to conventional therapies, @entity205 (2.5 +/- 0.6 mg/kg body wt/d) and, in active stages of the disease with extremely high concentrations of anti-ds-DNA-, anti-nuclear antibodies and circulating immunocomplexes, plasmapheresis (therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE)) have been applied. Compared with previous treatment modalities, significantly (P < 0.05) more effective and rapid reduction of antibodies was achieved. Clinical symptoms improved within 2 to 4 weeks. Under the new therapeutic regimen all @entity1 reported increased performance and a better quality of life. After 5 to 48 (17.5 +/- 13.8) months, cyclosporin was established as mono-therapy for 8/21 @entity1 . In] the other cases, @entity288 , @entity500 and @entity786 were reduced by 40 to 100%. No severe side-effects were seen. In acute stages of pSLE and in forms with persistently high antibody levels, the addition of TPE to conventional therapy was very effective, with regard to improving both clinical and laboratory parameters.

title: XXXX and plasmapheresis in treatment of progressive @entity1252 (pSLE).

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections and malignomas']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Foraging ecology and the marine regions exploited by Antarctic seabirds outside of breeding strongly influence their exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, relationships between them are largely unknown, an important knowledge gap given that many species are capital breeders and POPs may be deleterious to seabirds. This study investigates the relationship between Antarctic seabird foraging ecology (measured by   @entity7352 and   @entity13140 ) and POPs accumulated in their eggs prior to breeding. Organochlorinated pesticides, @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ), @entity13727 ( @entity13727 ), and @entity38309 plus (DP) were measured in eggs of chinstrap, Ad  lie, and gentoo penguins ( @entity38310 , @entity38311 , P. papua), as well as @entity38312 ( @entity38312 ), sampled on King George Island. Total POP levels were as follows: skua (3210  3330ng/g lipid weight)>chinstrap (338  128ng/g)>Ad  lie (287  43.3ng/g)>gentoo (252  49.4ng/g). Trophic position and pre-breeding foraging sites were important in explaining POP accumulation patterns across species. The most recalcitrant compounds were preferentially accumulated in skuas, occupying one trophic level above penguins. In contrast, their Antarctic endemism, coupled with influence from cold condensation of pollutants, likely contributed to penguins exhibiting higher concentrations of more volatile compounds (e.g., @entity15213 , @entity38313 and -52) than skuas. Regional differences in penguin pre-breeding foraging areas did not significantly affect their POP burdens, whereas the trans-equatorial migration and foraging sites of skuas were strongly reflected in their pollutant profiles, especially for @entity13727 and DPs. Overall, our results provide new insights on migratory birds as biovectors of POPs, including non-globally regulated compounds such as DP, from northern regions to Antarctica.

title: Relationship between legacy and emerging organic pollutants in Antarctic seabirds and their foraging ecology as shown by   XXXX and   @entity13140 .

entities_list: @entity38310 :: ('79643', 'Species') :: ['Pygoscelis antarctica']

entities_list: @entity15213 :: ('MESH:D006581', 'Chemical') :: ['hexachlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity38312 :: ('395889', 'Species') :: ['south polar skua', 'Catharacta maccormicki']

entities_list: @entity13727 :: ('MESH:D055768', 'Chemical') :: ['polybrominated diphenyl ethers', 'PBDEs']

entities_list: @entity38309 :: ('CHEBI:34852', 'Chemical') :: ['dechlorane']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

answer: @entity7352 :: (CHEBI:36928,Chemical) :: ['(13)C']


abstract: Increased production of @entity842 (NO) after induction of the cytokine-inducible isoform of @entity842 synthase ( @entity1506 or @entity1506 ) in cardiac myocytes and other parenchymal cells within the heart may in addition to contributing to myocyte contractile dysfunction also contribute to the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). To investigate the mechanism(s) by which increased NO production leads to apoptosis, we examined the role of NO in primary cultures of neonatal @entity35 ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) after induction by the cytokines @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ) and @entity3692 or exposure to the exogenous NO donor @entity42041 (SNAC) or @entity6710 ( @entity29101 ). Both SNAC (1 mmol/L) and @entity29101 (100 micromol/L), but not their respective controls (ie, @entity898 and pH-inactivated @entity29101 ), induced apoptosis in confluent, serum-starved NRVMs at 48 hours. Similarly, incubation of NRVMs with @entity3426 and @entity3692 for 48 hours resulted in an increase in @entity1506 expression, @entity3542 production, and programmed cell death. Both the cytokine-induced @entity3542 accumulation and myocyte apoptosis could be completely prevented by the nonselective NOS inhibitor L-nitroarginine (3 mmol/L) or the specific @entity1506 inhibitor @entity42042 (AMT, 100 micromol/L). NO-mediated myocyte apoptosis was not attenuated by the inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase with ODQ, nor could apoptosis be induced by the incubation of NRVMs with 1 mmol/L @entity8263 , a cell-permeant @entity6708 analogue. However, NO-mediated apoptosis was significantly attenuated by the @entity224 dismutase mimetic and @entity29101 scavenger @entity42043 ( @entity42043 , 100 micromol/L). NO/ @entity29101 -mediated apoptosis was associated with increased expression of @entity2310 with no change in @entity1976 mRNA abundance. Furthermore, apoptotic cell death was also confirmed in adult @entity35 ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) when grown in heteroculture with @entity3426 - and @entity3692 -treated @entity35 cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Therefore, cytokine-induced apoptosis in NRVMs and ARVMs is mediated by @entity1506 induction, @entity29101 , and associated with an increase in @entity2310 levels.

title: Cytokine-mediated apoptosis in cardiac myocytes: the role of inducible XXXX synthase induction and @entity6710 generation.

entities_list: @entity42042 :: ('MESH:C093124', 'Chemical') :: ['2-amino-5, 6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine']

entities_list: @entity3692 :: ('25712(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IFNgamma', 'interferon gamma (IFNgamma)']

entities_list: @entity42043 :: ('MESH:C097284', 'Chemical') :: ['Mn(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin', 'MnTBAP']

entities_list: @entity42041 :: ('MESH:C024940', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate if @entity5 of @entity9887 , prepared in presence of different polymers, exhibit different structural and thermodynamic characteristics and whether these differences can be correlated to their physical stability (time to crystallisation) and dissolution behaviour. Amorphous samples were prepared by melt quenching. The resulting amorphous materials were characterised using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. All freshly prepared samples were completely X-ray amorphous (with a halo being the only feature in the diffractograms). The shape of the halos in the diffractograms varied suggesting structural variations in the near order of the molecules between the different @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Principal component analysis of the Raman spectra of the various @entity2438 revealed that the samples clustered in the scores plot, again suggesting structural differences due to the presence of different drug-polymer interaction. The ranking of the samples with respect to physical stability and interaction parameter was: @entity2438 of @entity9887 :eudragit> @entity2438 of @entity9887 :soluplus> @entity2438 of @entity9887 :HPMC> @entity2438 of @entity9887 : @entity12468 >amorphous @entity9887 . The interaction parameter, calculated by using the Flory Huggins theory, showed a good correlation with the experimentally determined stability whereas a weak correlation was found with dissolution behaviour of different @entity2438 . This study showed that correlation of physical stability and dissolution behaviour with calculated interaction parameter is possible for the same amorphous systems prepared by using different polymers. This could aid in selecting the most appropriate polymer for the development of optimised formulations containing amorphous drugs. It can be concluded that @entity2438 prepared by using different polymers have different structural and thermal properties. These differences affect the physical stability and dissolution profiles of the amorphous solids. Thus, choosing the right polymer for preparing @entity2438 is critical for producing materials with desired dissolution profiles and enhanced stability.

title: Investigation and correlation of physical stability, dissolution behaviour and interaction parameter of XXXX of @entity9887 : a drug development perspective.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'amorphous solid dispersions']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['amorphous solid dispersions']


abstract: The aim of this study was to report our experience in endovascular treatment of total @entity432 . Five @entity1 who underwent endovascular recanalization procedures including manual aspiration thrombectomy, balloon angioplasty, and stent placement for total @entity432 in a 4-year period were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age of @entity1 was 51 years (range, 43 to 58 years). All @entity1 had abdominal aorta and bilateral common iliac @entity432 with or without @entity432 . All @entity1 either had a contraindication to surgery or refused it. Initial technical success was obtained in four of five (80%) @entity1 . Endovascular techniques were successful in four @entity1 who had good distal runoff and short-segment @entity432 , but failed in a @entity1 who had the worst distal runoff and long-segment @entity432 . We observed two major complications, one of which was bilateral rupture of the common iliac arteries treated with covered stent placement. Another @entity1 had extension of intra-aortic @entity715 into the iliac stent after primary stenting. This was successfully treated with manual aspiration thrombectomy. Aortic and iliac stents remained patent during the follow-up period (median, 18 months; range, 3 to 26 months) in four @entity1 . Primary patency rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were all 80%. In conclusion, endovascular treatment can be an alternative for @entity432 in selected @entity1 . Short- to midterm follow-up so far is satisfactory. @entity715 with manual aspiration thrombectomy before balloon angioplasty and/or stenting is possible and a good alternative to thrombolysis.

title: Endovascular treatment strategies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion', 'external iliac artery occlusion', 'aortoiliac occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Removal of intra-aortic thrombus']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['aortoiliac occlusion']


abstract: From 1978 until 1988, 63 consecutive @entity1 with @entity957 of the nasal vestibule were treated by radiation therapy. Mean follow-up time was 46 months. Thirty-five @entity1 were classified as having T1N0 @entity5 , 24 as T2N0; four @entity1 were staged as T1/2N+. Treatment of the primary consisted of external radiation (n = 17), interstitial radiation (n = 37), or external radiation combined with interstitial radiation (n = 9). With respect to the N0 @entity1 , local relapse was found in 3% (1/35) of T1 @entity5 and in 21% (5/24) of T2 @entity5 . Three out of six failures were salvaged by surgery. Elective irradiation of both sides of the neck (40 Gy) was performed in 9 T1 and in 16 T2 @entity1 . Two regional failures occurred in the electively irradiated necks, two in the non-irradiated necks. Regarding the T1/2N+ @entity1 , three relapsed locally and/or regionally, and one remains NED. For all 63 @entity1 , a 5-year corrected survival of 90%, a relapse-free survival of 80%, and an overall survival of 65% were observed. In summary, for optimal local control and cosmesis we feel that for T1,2 N0 @entity5 stages a dose of 60 Gy for T1 and 70 Gy for T2 @entity5 is adequate treatment. The @entity5 is irradiated preferentially in our view, by means of interstitial techniques; furthermore, our data do not support the use of elective neck RT. Although @entity1 rarely present with lymph node @entity3 (6%), the prognosis of T1,2 N+ @entity1 remains grim and more aggressive (surgical) treatment might be needed for this category.

title: Radiation therapy of XXXX of the nasal vestibule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular @entity583 ( @entity583 ) consist of a central area of @entity296 that is surrounded by areas of @entity296 and @entity63 . We hypothesized that chitosan hydrogels, when injected around the perimeter of @entity583 in @entity35 , could decrease left ventricle (LV) wall stress by the Law of LaPlace, and therefore myocardial @entity26 requirements, and prevent the @entity63 and injured myocardium from becoming @entity39 . In this manner, chitosan gels could limit LV infraction size and LV remodeling. Chitosan hydrogels are liquid at 25  C but gel at 37  C. METHODS: Seventy @entity35 with ligation of the left coronary artery were treated with either Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) or chitosan hydrogel in DMEM, which was injected around the @entity1188 perimeter. Echocardiograms were obtained before MI and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16  wk after MI. Hearts from randomly selected @entity35 were harvested at baseline and at the time of echocardiography for determinations of LV @entity1188 size, remodeling, and histopathology. RESULTS: Infarct sizes as a percentage of the total ventricular myocardium in the DMEM group averaged 17% versus 14% in the chitosan group at 4  wk (P  <  0.05), 18% versus 14% at 8  wk (P  <  0.01), 19% versus 14% at 12  wk (P  <  0.001), and 20% versus 14% at 16  wk (P  <  0.001). Injection of chitosan into the @entity1188 produced LV wall thicknesses in the MI border zones that averaged 0.66  cm at 4  wk, which were greater than the LV wall thicknesses in the border zones of @entity35 treated with DMEM, which averaged 0.33  cm (P  <  0.01). Arteriole densities in the MI border zones were 160/mm(2) in the chitosan group but only 92/mm(2) in the DMEM @entity35 (P  <  0.01). The @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) in the @entity35 averaged 0.73  cm before MI. After MI, LVED increased in the DMEM @entity35 to 0.84  cm at 2  wk, then 0.89  cm at 4  wk, 0.89  cm at 8  wk, 0.89  m at 12  wk, and 0.87  cm at 16  wk. In contrast, LVED in the chitosan @entity35 were on average 19% smaller in comparison with the DMEM @entity35 (P  <  0.05) and did not significantly change in comparison with their baseline @entity1002 . Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the @entity35 averaged 83% before @entity1188 . In the @entity1188  +  DMEM group, the LVEFs significantly decreased after MI and averaged 59.7% at 2  wk, 52.5% at 4  wk, 46.1% at 8  wk, 52.4% at 12  wk, and 53.6% at 16  wk (P  <  0.05). In the @entity1188  +  chitosan-treated @entity35 , the LVEFs were greater and averaged 67.8% at 2  wk (P  <  0.02), 68.9% (P  <  0.02) at 4  wk, 69% (P  <  0.003) at 8  wk, 65.2% at 12  wk (P  <  0.05), and 67% at 16  wk (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chitosan gel can increase LV myocardial wall thickness, decrease @entity1188 size and LV remodeling, and preserve LV contractility.

title: Chitosan hydrogels significantly limit left ventricular @entity1188 and remodeling and preserve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MIs', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVEDs', 'left ventricular end-diastolic diameters']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial contractility']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize speech patterns in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) who have a history of childhood stuttering. BACKGROUND: Childhood stuttering usually resolves, but it re-emerges in some @entity1 after @entity64 or other @entity75 . This phenomenon of recurrent stuttering has not been characterized in childhood stutterers who later develop @entity191 . METHODS/ @entity1 : Twelve @entity1 with a history of childhood stuttering that remitted and subsequently recurred were included in the study. A structured interview was administered to seven @entity1 , and six were able to answer questions about childhood stuttering. The Johnson Severity Scale (JSS) (range 0-7) and a Situation Avoidance Scale (SAS) were used to rate stuttering severity (range 0-15) and avoidance (range 0-15). RESULTS: The mean age at onset of childhood stuttering was 6.2 years (range 5-10); the mean latency from the onset of childhood stuttering to adult stuttering was 46.1 years; and the stuttering recurred on average 5.9 years (range 0-21) after the onset of @entity191 . The stuttering characteristics in childhood and adulthood included repetitions of sounds and syllables at the beginnings of words, blocks and interjections, physical tension, and a worsening of symptoms with stress. The @entity1 rated themselves as having mild-to-moderate childhood stuttering by the JSS (mean 3.0, range 2-4) and mild-to-moderate stuttering and avoidance by the SAS (mean stuttering score 5.3, range 3-7; mean avoidance score 4.2, range 3-6). There was no apparent association between the severity of childhood stuttering and the severity of @entity191 , but those @entity1 who had higher Unified @entity191 Rating Scale scores tended to have more and worse symptoms of stuttering. CONCLUSION: Our @entity1 provide evidence for the hypothesis that childhood stuttering may re-emerge in adulthood with the onset of @entity191 .

title: Re-emergence of childhood stuttering in XXXX : a hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: It is clear that @entity5132 lipids have gained tremendous importance in recent years. In addition to being a barrier for entrance of various metabolites, it also provides the site of action for the synthesis of enzyme(s) involved in cell wall morphogenesis and antifungal action. While alterations in lipid composition during a @entity375 to mycelia transition have been observed, in most of the studies, lipid fluctuations reported could have been due to various environmental factors involved in the induction of morphogenesis [4,5]. A clear understanding of lipid biosynthesis and @entity209 due to antifungal action is likely to shed further light on selective interactions of antifungals. Despite the multifacet role of lipids in various functions of this pathogenic @entity375 , their exact involvement is poorly understood. The situation is little better with regard to @entity12364 and its metabolism. @entity12364 is, indeed, important for anti-candidal activity and appears to be involved in the morphogenesis of @entity5132 . The fluctuation in phospholipid composition have led to altered properties of plasma membrane namely, membrane fluidity, transport activities and drug sensitivity, which suggest that-a critical level of individual phospholipid is important for proper functioning of the plasma membrane. What the exact role is of individual phospholipid is far from clear. Many unanswered questions relating to the role of PI and @entity4291 in signal transduction, involvement of phospholipases in the maintenance of phospholipid composition, and role of lipid transfer proteins in assembly and asymmetry of lipids are some aspects which merit further work.

title: Emerging role of lipids of XXXX , a pathogenic dimorphic @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['Ergosterol', 'ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic blocks']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the potential benefit of an integrated, five-gene pharmacogenomic test and interpretive report (GeneSight) for the management of psychotropic medications used to treat major @entity308 in an outpatient @entity146 practice. METHODS: The open-label study was divided into two groups. In the first (unguided) group (n = 113), pharmacogenomic information was not shared until all @entity1 completed the study. In the second (guided) group (n = 114), the pharmacogenomic report was provided to physicians for clinical use. Three @entity308 ratings, the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAMD-17), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Clinician Rated (QIDS-C16), and the @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), were collected at baseline, and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. RESULTS: The guided group experienced greater percent improvement in @entity308 scores from baseline on all three @entity308 instruments (HAMD-17, P < 0.0001; QIDS-C16, P < 0.0001; PHQ-9, P < 0.0001) compared with the unguided group. Eight-week response rates were higher in the guided group than in the unguided group on all three measurements (HAMD-17, P = 0.03; QIDS-C16, P = 0.005; PHQ-9, P = 0.01). Eight-week QIDS-C16 remission rates were higher in the guided group (P = 0.03). @entity1 in the unguided group who at baseline were prescribed a medication that was most discordant with their genotype experienced the least improvement compared with other unguided @entity1 (HAMD-17, P = 0.007). @entity1 in the guided group and on a baseline medication most discordant with their genotype showed the greatest improvement compared with the unguided cohort @entity1 (HAMD-17, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: These findings replicate previous studies and demonstrate significantly improved @entity308 outcomes with use of GeneSight, an integrated, multigenetic pharmacogenomic testing platform.

title: Utility of integrated pharmacogenomic testing to support the treatment of major XXXX in a @entity146 outpatient setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorder']