abstract: Reported biochemical remission rates following surgical intervention for @entity2012 range from 38 to 83%. In @entity1 not achieving surgical remission, few options remain, mostly limited to medical management and radiation therapy. There is debate over whether or not to offer reoperation to @entity1 in whom surgical remission is not achieved with initial resection. Retrospective chart review was undertaken to determine all @entity1 having @entity2012 with persistently elevated GH and/or @entity442 levels after initial pituitary adenoma resection, and who underwent reoperation using endoscopic endonasal approach at a single institution. Biochemical remission was defined as a postoperative GH level <1 ng/mL and a normal postoperative @entity442 level in the absence of any medical therapy. In total, 14 @entity1 underwent repeat surgical intervention for @entity2012 via endoscopic transsphenoidal approach. Of the 14 @entity1 , 8 (57%) achieved biochemical remission following repeat surgical intervention. Lower preoperative GH levels were associated with greater chance of biochemical remission (P = 0.048). New @entity2744 were seen in 2 @entity1 (14%), and both were transient @entity2010 . @entity693 occurred in 2 @entity1 (14%); both were @entity5827 with no sequelae. No mortality was encountered. Repeat surgical intervention for @entity2012 via endoscopic transsphenoidal approach appears safe and effective. With no mortality and minimal morbidity, repeat surgical intervention via endoscopic transsphenoidal approach appears a reasonable option for these hard-to-treat @entity1 and should be considered for @entity1 in whom surgical remission is not achieved with initial surgery.

title: Repeat endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for XXXX : remission and complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathies']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: Naturopathic physicians commonly make dietary and/or dietary supplement recommendations for @entity0 prevention. This placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, pilot study tested the effects of two naturopathic interventions over five menstrual cycles on sex @entity479 hormones and metabolic markers in 40 healthy premenopausal @entity1 . The intervention arms were as follows: combination botanical supplement (Curcuma longa, Cynara scolymus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Schisandra chinensis, Silybum marinum, and Taraxacum officinalis; n = 15), dietary changes (3 servings/d crucifers or dark leafy greens, 30 g/d fiber, 1-2 liters/d water, and limiting @entity5834 and @entity285 consumption to 1 serving each/wk; n = 10), and placebo (n = 15). Early-and late-follicular phase serum samples from cycles 1 and 5 were analyzed for @entity172 ( @entity1815 , @entity1815 - @entity597 , total @entity53 , and free @entity53 ), @entity3800 ( @entity2494 , @entity9027 , @entity2671 , total @entity251 , and free @entity251 ), @entity443 , and leptin). Serum samples collected during the mid-luteal phase of cycles 1 and 5 were analyzed for total @entity53 , free @entity53 , and sex hormone-binding globulin. Urine samples collected during the late follicular phase of cycles 1 and 5 were analyzed for @entity23676 and @entity23283 . During the early follicular phase, compared with placebo, the botanical supplement decreased @entity2494 (-13.2%; P = 0.02), @entity9027 (-14.6%; P = 0.07), @entity2671 (-8.6%; P = 0.05), and @entity1815 - @entity597 (-12.0%; P = 0.08). No other trends or statistically significant changes were observed. When comparing dietary changes with placebo, no statistically significant differences were observed. Overall, in this pilot study, the naturopathic interventions had no substantial effects on @entity172 measures. Early-follicular phase androgens decreased with the botanical supplement.

title: A pilot and feasibility study on the effects of naturopathic botanical and dietary interventions on sex XXXX hormone metabolism in premenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity23676 :: ('MESH:C024980', 'Chemical') :: ['2-hydroxyestrone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin, and metabolic markers (insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity23283 :: ('MESH:C026702', 'Chemical') :: ['16alpha-hydroxyestrone']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to examine the management and outcome of @entity1 with traumatic popliteal artery @entity2849 with delayed presentation. MATERIALS: over a 2-year period 7 @entity1 with traumatic popliteal @entity2849 presenting to a tertiary referral unit after a delay of 1 month were reviewed. METHODS: a retrospective review of clinical records. RESULTS: the median interval between injury and presentation was 1.5 months (range 1-24 months). Penetrating @entity130 from gunshot wounds was the cause of the @entity1317 in 6 @entity1 and a stab wound in one. All @entity1 had large @entity2849 of more than 8 cm filling the popliteal fossa with variable degrees of fixed @entity85 (FFD) of the knee. Severe FFD of more than 40 degrees was noted in 2 @entity1 and 3 others had mild @entity85 of 10 to 20 degrees. Six @entity1 underwent repair of the @entity2849 . One @entity1 required an above knee amputation due to an @entity5880 . There were no deaths or graft related complications. Despite aggressive post-operative physiotherapy only 2 @entity1 were able to completely straighten the leg at the time of discharge. CONCLUSIONS: in @entity1 with neglected popliteal artery @entity2849 , morbidity is associated with the pre-operative degree of fixed @entity85 of the knee.

title: Delayed presentation of traumatic popliteal artery XXXX : a review of seven cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['infected false aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['initial vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flexion deformities', 'flexion deformity']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: We report here on synthesis and characterization of novel hybrid material consisting of @entity575 nanoparticles (nAgs) embedded in @entity4959 microparticles ( - @entity16415 ) serving as carriers for sustained release. nAgs are commonly used as antimicrobial agents in many commercial products (textiles, cosmetics, and drugs). Although they are considered to be safe, their interactions with @entity1 organisms are still not fully understood; therefore it is important to apply them with caution and limit their presence in the environment. The synthesis of the new material was based on the co-precipitation of @entity16415 and @entity11690 in the presence of @entity28377 . Such designed system enables sustained release of @entity11690 to the environment. This hybrid colloidal material ( @entity11690 / - @entity16415 ) was characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic methods. The release of @entity11690 from  - @entity16415 microparticles was followed in water at various pH values. Microbiological tests confirmed the effectiveness of these microparticles as an antibacterial agent. Importantly, the material can be stored as a dry powder and subsequently re-suspended in water without the risk of losing its antimicrobial activity. @entity11690 / - @entity16415 was applied here to insure bacteriostatic properties of down feathers that may significantly prolong their lifetime in typical applications. Such microparticles may be also used as, e.g., components of coatings and paints protecting various surfaces against microorganism colonization. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11051-012-1313-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

title: Hybrid XXXX /polymer microparticles containing @entity575 nanoparticles as antibacterial agents.

entities_list: @entity28377 :: ('MESH:C077114', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

answer: @entity4959 :: (MESH:D002119,Chemical) :: ['calcium carbonate']


abstract: Effects of extracellular applications of different types of @entity141 channel blocking agents ( @entity3281 , @entity1855 , and @entity10129 ) on action-potential duration and membrane currents were studied by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in @entity840 ventricular myocytes. Low concentrations of @entity3281 (1 mM) and @entity1855 (1 microM) prolonged action-potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) with a suppressed plateau phase. Increases in @entity3281 (5 mM) and @entity1855 (5 microM) shortened APD90 with a further @entity308 of the plateau. @entity10129 (0.2-1 microM) shortened APD90 without lengthening it. Applications of @entity3281 and @entity1855 suppressed amplitudes of the L-type @entity141 current (ICa), the delayed outward K+ current (IK), and the inward rectifier K+ current (IK1). Furthermore, the ratios of ICa:IK inhibition were similar by low and high concentrations of @entity3281 and @entity1855 . @entity10129 selectively suppressed ICa without effect on IK and IK1. A low concentration (1 mM) of @entity3281 not only decreased the peak amplitude of ICa but also delayed its decay time course, which caused an increase in late ICa amplitude at the end of a 200-ms depolarizing pulse. Both @entity1855 and @entity10129 suppressed peak ICa without affecting its decay. Whereas @entity3281 suppressed IBa without changing its decay time course, @entity1855 and @entity10129 speeded up the IBa decay with suppressed amplitude of IBa. We conclude that different types of @entity141 channel blocking agents ( @entity3281 , @entity1855 , and @entity10129 ) diversely modulate APD because of their multiple modes of actions on ICa and IK.

title: Multiple modulations of action potential duration by different calcium channel blocking agents in XXXX ventricular myocytes.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine', 'Nisoldipine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: @entity302 is the most common serious @entity16 in the world, with an estimated prevalence of 1% of the population. The highest incidence occurs in childhood and in the elderly, with lower levels in early adulthood. Traditional @entity302 management includes pharmacological treatment, @entity302 surgery, and vagal nerve stimulation. Despite these therapies, 25% of @entity1 continue to have uncontrolled @entity410 . The ketogenic diet (KD), which has been in use since 1921, is a treatment option for many of these @entity1 . A meta-analysis of 19 studies with a combined sample of 1084 pediatric @entity1 was completed in 1998 by Blue Cross Blue Shield. Estimates of the overall efficacy of the KD in controlling @entity410 were reported as follows: 16% became @entity410 free, 32% had a >90% reduction in @entity410 , and 56% had a >50% reduction. The KD is high in fat, moderate in protein, and low in @entity3363 . This combination of energy results in a sustained ketosis that somehow serves to abate @entity410 through an unknown mechanism. Strict adherence to the diet is required for it to be effective. Newer, more liberal versions of the KDs have been recently introduced and are being studied in @entity1 and adults. Administration of all of these metabolically adjusted diets must be medically managed as there can be adverse effects. The focus of this review is on the pediatric application of the KD.

title: An overview of the ketogenic diet for pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the etiology and prognostic significance of adult onset enuresis with absent daytime @entity322 . Adult onset @entity15091 unassociated with daytime @entity322 is uncommon and there is a paucity of information about its incidence, significance, evaluation and treatment. We present a retrospective evaluation of this condition based on a database review of more than 3,000 consecutive @entity1 referred for the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A database of 3,277 consecutive @entity1 was searched for adult onset @entity15091 . @entity1 with daytime @entity322 were excluded from study. Evaluation consisted of history, physical examination, American Urological Association symptom score, voiding diary, uroflowmetry, estimation of post-void residual urine, video urodynamics, cystoscopy and radiographic evaluation of the upper tract. RESULTS: Of 3,277 @entity1 8 (0.02%) had adult onset @entity15091 without daytime @entity322 as a primary complaint. Average American Urological Association symptom score was 12.6 (range 3 to 25), average maximum urine flow was 8.5 ml. per second (range 5 to 15) and average post-void residual urine volume was 350 ml. (range 50 to 489). All @entity1 were @entity1 with severe @entity263 as well as bilateral or unilateral @entity3041 in 63%, a @entity1494 in 38%, vesicoureteral reflux in 50% and @entity1494 in 50%. Transurethral prostatic resection was recommended to all @entity1 but only 5 agreed. The other 3 cases were managed by alpha-adrenergic antagonists, including 2 by adjunctive clean intermittent self-catheterization. In all @entity1 who underwent transurethral prostatic resection symptoms resolved, as did @entity3041 when present. CONCLUSIONS: Adult onset @entity15091 with absent daytime @entity322 is a serious symptom that usually heralds significant @entity11044 , and a high incidence of @entity1494 , @entity3041 and vesicoureteral reflux. It demands urological investigation and aggressive therapy.

title: Adult onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic or vesical neck obstruction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['low bladder compliance', 'bladder diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity15091 :: ('MESH:D053206', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal enuresis']

answer: @entity15091 :: (MESH:D053206,Disease) :: ['nocturnal enuresis']


abstract: This paper reports the development and validation of the @entity158 Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ). This is a 20-item questionnaire covering beliefs about the cause and treatment of @entity158 . It was administered to 294 subjects, comprising 100 @entity1118 @entity1 and 194 controls. An exploratory factor analysis revealed 2 factors accounting for 68.15% of the variance. From the final solution 2 scales were derived: the first called Organic Beliefs and the second Psychological Beliefs scale, comprising 8 and 4 items, respectively. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed in 2 ways. First, the responses of @entity1118 @entity1 and non- @entity1 controls were compared: a significant difference (F(1,236) = 53.04, P < 0.0001) between these 2 groups emerged such that @entity1118 @entity1 were more likely to endorse the Organic Beliefs scale items, whereas non- @entity1 were more likely to endorse the Psychological Beliefs scale items. Secondly, as predicted significant associations were observed between scores on the Organic Beliefs scale and scores on the Chance and Powerful Others scales of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), and also between the Psychological Beliefs and Internal scales of the MHLC. No relationship, however, emerged between these scales and measures of @entity158 intensity. The implications of these findings for the assessment and management of @entity1118 @entity1 , and in the understanding of the development of @entity1118 , are discussed.

title: The XXXX Beliefs Questionnaire: an investigation of beliefs in the causes and consequences of @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to @entity3494 (As) is associated with an increased risk of several @entity5 as well as @entity65 , and childhood @entity851 . @entity3494 compounds are weakly mutagenic, alter gene expression and posttranslational histone modifications (PTHMs) in vitro. METHODS: Water and urinary As concentrations as well as global levels of histone 3 @entity376 9 di-methylation and acetylation (H3K9me2 and H3K9ac), histone 3 @entity376 27 tri-methylation and acetylation (H3K27me3 and H3K27ac), histone 3 @entity376 18 acetylation (H3K18ac), and histone 3 @entity376 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a subset of @entity1 (N = 40) of a folate clinical trial in Bangladesh (FACT study). RESULTS: Total urinary As (uAs) was positively correlated with H3K9me2 (r = 0.36, P = 0.02) and inversely with H3K9ac (r = -0.47, P = 0.002). The associations between As and other PTHMs differed in a gender-dependent manner. Water As (wAs) was positively correlated with H3K4me3 (r = 0.45, P = 0.05) and H3K27me3 (r = 0.50, P = 0.03) among females and negatively correlated among males (H3K4me3: r = -0.44, P = 0.05; H3K27me3: r = -0.34, P = 0.14). Conversely, wAs was inversely associated with H3K27ac among females (r = -0.44, P = 0.05) and positively associated among males (r = 0.29, P = 0.21). A similar pattern was observed for H3K18ac (females: r = -0.22, P = 0.36; males: r = 0.27, P = 0.24). CONCLUSION: Exposure to As is associated with alterations of global PTHMs; gender-specific patterns of association were observed between As exposure and several histone marks. IMPACT: These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence linking As exposure to @entity10204 , which may play a role in the pathogenesis of As @entity137 .

title: Associations between XXXX exposure and global posttranslational histone modifications among adults in Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-developmental deficits']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['epigenetic dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity3494 :: ('MESH:D001151', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic', 'Arsenic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['arsenic']


abstract: AIM: @entity308 is one of the life-threatening events faced by @entity1 . As the factors associated with @entity308 have not been investigated fully in Japan, we studied the factors associated with @entity308 . METHODS: One-hundred-and-sixty-nine @entity1 who visited the health center of a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, at 4 months after childbirth for regular examination fulfilled the selection criteria and completed self-reporting questionnaires on @entity308 using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a life and social events scale. RESULTS: The primiparas showed a significantly higher EPDS score than the multiparas. The EPDS score decreased with the frequency of delivery in the groups of mothers in their twenties and thirties. For the multiparas, the number of @entity1 who suffered obstetric events was lower, the number of @entity1 who went back to their home was higher, and the number of @entity1 who were taken care of by their mother was lower than for the primiparas. @entity854 , sociability, and worries about baby care were significantly associated with the EPDS for both the primiparas and multiparas. The cooperation of the husband was associated with a decreased EPDS score, both for the primiparas and multiparas, irrespective of the family structure. CONCLUSION: The EPDS score decreased with an increased frequency of delivery, suggesting that the experience of delivery would impact on @entity308 , partly because of decreased obstetric events. However, a social assistance system is needed for @entity1 with @entity854 , less sociability, worries about baby care, and limited cooperation of the husband for both primiparas and multiparas.

title: Factors associated with late XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['general health abnormalities', 'General health abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal depression', 'Postnatal depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['post-partum depression']


abstract: @entity349 induces a systemic @entity792 characterized by auto-antibodies to the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (AFA) and @entity1200 in genetically susceptible @entity19 strains. This study examines T cell activation and cytokine production following @entity349 exposure in genetically susceptible and resistant strains. @entity349 injected s.c., according to the protocol for induction of @entity792 , caused an early T cell activation, measured as an increase of @entity2047 -producing cells, and increased expression of the @entity2047 -receptor proteins @entity3783 and CD122 and of the proliferation marker @entity16344 on days 2-4 in the susceptible A.SW and A. TH strains. This was followed by a long-lasting increase in the number of T cells, dominated by @entity1961 (+) cells. @entity19 of the susceptible A.SW strain showed a modest increase of @entity637 -, @entity60 -, and @entity58 -producing cells after 4-6 days, and a very distinct increase of @entity58 -producing cells on days 8-10. The susceptible SJL strain (H-2(s)), severely deficient in Th2-promoting @entity1961 (+), NK1.1(+) T cells, showed no increase of @entity58 (+) cells on days 8-10. Instead, the number of @entity60 -producing cells was increased. Susceptible @entity19 developed an increase of Ig-producing cells, AFA, and @entity1200 . Genetically @entity349 -resistant A.TL @entity19 showed a minimal increase of T cells, but no increase in cytokine-producing cells. We conclude that autoimmunogenic doses of @entity3143 induce an activation and proliferation of T cells in genetically susceptible @entity19 strains, as well as a broad increase of cytokine-producing cells, followed by a late predominance of the Th2-associated @entity58 . One strain, severely deficient in Th2-promoting @entity1961 (+), NK1.1(+) T cells, lacked the increase in @entity58 (+) cells, indicating that a predominantly Th2-response is not necessary for induction of @entity792 by @entity349 . However, a Th2-dominated response led to a faster and stronger B cell activation.

title: Effects of the XXXX genotype on T cell activation and cytokine production in @entity19 @entity349 -induced @entity792 .

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['Mercury', 'mercury']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['systemic IC-deposits', 'systemic immune-complex (IC) deposits']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune condition', 'autoimmunity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Study Type--Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy has been proposed for the treatment of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) for all risk levels of @entity5 recurrence. The study adds data on the efficacy of a single HIFU application in the treatment of @entity263 with different risks of recurrence. Durable @entity5 control was achieved in 81.7% of @entity1 with low-risk disease, with rates of efficacy declining in intermediate- and high-risk @entity5 . The data suggest that the principal domain for minimal invasive HIFU should be low-risk disease. OBJECTIVE:     To report @entity5 control results after a single application of high-intensity focused ultrasonography (HIFU) in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ), stratified by @entity5 recurrence risk according to D'Amico risk classification. @entity1 AND METHODS:     In a retrospective single-centre study, we analysed the outcomes of @entity1 with localized @entity263 who were treated with curative intent between December 2002 and October 2006 using an Ablatherm HIFU device ( @entity938 , France).     Transurethral resection of the prostate or adenomectomy were performed before HIFU to downsize large prostate glands.     Oncological failure was determined by the occurrence of biochemical relapse, positive biopsy and/or @entity3 . Biochemical relapse was defined as a PSA nadir +1.2 ng/mL (Stuttgart definition), or as a rise in PSA level to >=  0.5 ng/mL if PSA doubling time was  <= 6 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed for survival estimates. RESULTS:     A total of 191 consecutive @entity1 were included in the study. The median (range) @entity1 age was 69.7 (51-82) years, and 38, 34 and 28% of these @entity1 were in the low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively.     The median (range) follow-up was 52.8 (0.2-79.8) months.     At 5 years, overall and @entity5 -specific survival rates were 86.3% and 98.4%, respectively.     Stratified by risk group, negative biopsy rates were 84.2%, 63.6%, and 67.5% (P = 0.032), 5-year biochemical-free survival rates were 84.8%, 64.9% and 54.9% (P< 0.01), and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 81.7%, 53.2% and 51.2% (P < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION:     Single-session HIFU is recommended as a curative approach in elderly @entity1 with low-risk @entity263 . @entity1 at higher risk of @entity5 progression should be counselled regarding the likely need for salvage therapy, including repeat HIFU.

title: Single application of high-intensity focused ultrasound as a first-line therapy for clinically XXXX : 5-year outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The results of the National Survey of @entity102 (Mexico, 1993) regarding the prevalence of @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity28 in the 60 to 69 years old group are presented on a national and regional level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Measurements taken included weight, height, blood pressure, visual acuity, glycosylated hemoglobin, @entity165 , lipoproteins, insulin, @entity1674 and albumin. Data analysis were performed using the statistical package SPSS to carry out Mantel-Haenszel and chi square tests. RESULTS: Analysis of data for 1239 individuals showed that 38% of the aging population have @entity101 . 25% are obese and 21% have @entity6 . Findings showed that 28% of the individuals with @entity101 and 18% of those with @entity6 were detected through the survey. Obesity was strongly associated with @entity101 and 33% of cases were not under treatment. Differences on the regional level are presented and results are discussed by sex and risk factors. The risk of @entity6 was higher in those with other family members with @entity6 , while microalbuminuria and @entity1007 were associated with @entity6 in this population. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study support the need to improve early detection programs and intensify those interventions that prevent early mortality due to these particular diseases.

title: [ XXXX in persons of 60-69 years of age].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of @entity281 , colonization, and @entity32 in the allograft of lung transplant recipients with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) as compared with recipients with other @entity454 . DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University medical center transplant service. @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity1577 and chronic @entity281 (n=62) and @entity1 with nonseptic @entity454 (n=52) receiving a double lung transplant between October 1983 and March 1996. RESULTS: Fifty lung transplant recipients with @entity1577 survived beyond postoperative day (POD) 15 and were subject to sequential bronchoscopy with BAL. Forty-four @entity1577 lung transplant recipients had Pseudomonas isolated from the allograft by median POD 15 as compared with 21 non- @entity1577 lung transplant recipients (p<0.001) with isolation at median POD 158 (p<0.0001). Thirteen @entity1577 lung transplant recipients had histologic evidence of infection when Pseudomonas was isolated as compared with only three of the non- @entity1577 lung transplant recipients (p<0.01). These @entity281 occurred earlier in the @entity1577 lung transplant recipients (median POD 10 vs 261) (p<0.01). When compared with non- @entity1577 lung transplant recipients, @entity1577 lung transplant recipients with Pseudomonas isolated but without concomitant histologic infection (colonized) were demonstrated to have increased number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in the BAL fluid recovered from the allograft (17.66+/-24.94 x 10(6) cells vs 3.46+/-4.73 x 10(6)) (p<0.05). Non- @entity1577 lung transplant recipients who became colonized with Pseudomonas also had a greater number of PMNs recovered when compared with non- @entity1577 lung transplant recipients who did not have Pseudomonas (22.32+/-34.00 x 10(6) cells vs 0.21+/-0.18 x 10(6)) (p<0.01). Nine of 32 (28%) lung transplant recipients with @entity1577 have died from pseudomonal allograft @entity281 , but this is no greater than 4 of 21 (19%) deaths related to @entity2782 in recipients without @entity1577 (p=0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Isolation of Pseudomonas from the lung allograft occurs more frequently and earlier after transplantation in recipients with @entity1577 . While @entity281 related to Pseudomonas also occur more frequently in recipients with @entity1577 , there is no increase in mortality. There is an intense inflammatory response in the lung allograft associated with the isolation of Pseudomonas in recipients with and without @entity1577 .

title: Allograft colonization and @entity281 with XXXX in cystic fibrosis lung transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudomonas infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'pseudomonal infection']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage lung disease']

answer: @entity2782 :: (MESH:D011552,Disease) :: ['pseudomonas']


abstract: AIM: The optimal treatment of @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) remains unknown. The authors evaluated the efficacy of @entity229 and @entity4836 in reducing @entity892 , @entity2194 , and @entity1736 in @entity1 with @entity1737 . METHODS: Review of records from a clinical database from one neuro-ophthalmology service of @entity1 presenting with @entity1737 between 1990 and 2002, excluding those who developed generalised MG within the first month after diagnosis. Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study. @entity1 /INTERVENTIONS: Non-randomised, unmasked, therapy was given. 55 @entity1 with @entity892 in primary or downward gaze and clinically demonstrable extraocular @entity121 received @entity229 . 34 @entity1 who had contraindications to @entity230 or who refused treatment with @entity229 received @entity4836 only. Over 5 days the daily @entity229 dose was increased to 50-60 mg and then gradually reduced to 10 mg, followed by further reduction as tolerated. The @entity4836 dose was begun at 180 mg daily and increased as tolerated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follow up evaluations, performed at 1, 3-6, 12, and 24 months, detailed the frequency of @entity1736 and @entity892 and the amount of ocular motor deviation in primary and downward gaze. RESULTS: The @entity229 and @entity4836 groups were similar for age, sex, @entity934 receptor antibody level, prism cover test results for primary and downward gaze, @entity892 in primary and downward gaze, and @entity1736 . @entity1736 was present in 32.4% of the @entity4836 group and 10.9% of the @entity229 group (p = 0.02). The @entity229 group showed resolution in primary gaze @entity892 , downgaze @entity892 , @entity1736 , and @entity1736 in 73.5%, 75.5%, 85.7%, and 98%, respectively at 1 month. The benefit persisted at 3-6, 12, and 24 months except for the @entity1736 . The @entity4836 group showed resolution in primary gaze @entity892 , downgaze @entity892 , @entity1736 , and @entity1736 in 6.9%, 17.2%, 50%, and 76.7% of @entity1 after 1 month of treatment. The prism cover results improved (p = 0.003) in the @entity229 group only. In the @entity229 group, four @entity1 had no response to therapy. Among the 51 @entity229 responsive @entity1 , there were 33 recurrences in 26 @entity1 . 12 @entity1 , all @entity229 treated, had remissions. Except for three @entity1 who developed @entity6 , no @entity1 developed a clinically significant systemic @entity532 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that 50-60 mg daily @entity229 followed by lower doses (10 mg or less) has the benefit of resolving @entity1736 and @entity892 that lasts for at least 2 years in approximately 70% of @entity1 .

title: Ocular motor dysfunction and @entity1736 in XXXX : effects of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['ocular myasthenia gravis', 'OMG']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['corticosteroid complication']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['ptosis', 'unilateral ptosis', 'bilateral ptosis', 'Bilateral ptosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['ocular myasthenia gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing incidence of @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), its pathogenesis has remained largely unknown. Recently, it was reported that genes involved in tissue morphogenesis, such as sonic hedgehog or patched, were found to be mutated in @entity1491 , suggesting the involvement of those molecules in the pathogenesis of this @entity5 . Furthermore, there is evidence that the Wnt-mediated signalling pathway may be one of the downstream targets of sonic hedgehog-mediated signalling, which has led us to focus on molecular events on the Wnt pathway in @entity1491 . Among the signal transducers involved in the Wnt pathway, it is clear that @entity3546 plays a pivotal role in the promotion of morphogenesis and cell growth. In respect to this, it has been reported that, in particular circumstances, as in @entity14 , @entity3546 migrates to the nuclei, where it exerts an ability to activate the transcription of various genes. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the cellular distribution of @entity3546 in @entity1489 , in particular, in @entity1491 . METHODS: Twenty skin biopsy specimens derived from @entity1491 , 10 from inflammatory @entity272 and five from @entity957 were immunostained with an antibody directed against @entity3546 . RESULTS: Fourteen of the 20 @entity1491 samples tested showed nuclear localization of @entity3546 , while none of the other samples gave rise to positive nuclear staining. CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear localization of @entity3546 is a characteristic feature of @entity1491 ; this suggests its tumorigenic role in this @entity5 . This gives us a further insight into the molecular pathogenesis of @entity1491 .

title: Immunohistochemical detection for nuclear XXXX in sporadic basal cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['beta-catenin']


abstract: We compared the effects of long-term treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor @entity4687 and @entity6629 ( @entity918 , @entity2515 , and @entity2514 ) on the metabolic and renal features in the SHR/N-corpulent (cp) @entity35 , a genetic model of @entity2175 and @entity101 . Obese male SHR/N-cp @entity35 (4 to 6 weeks old) were fed a 54% @entity1735 diet containing 18% @entity969 and 36% starch. After 2 months on the diet, @entity35 were assigned to one of three groups: one group (n=8) received perindopril (PE); the second group (n=8) received @entity6629 ( @entity6629 ); and the third group (n=8) did not receive therapy. Treatment was maintained for 3 to 4 months. Body weight, food intake, and fasting levels of serum @entity413 and insulin did not differ among the three groups. Control @entity35 exhibited progressive @entity644 in parallel with the rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Both PE and @entity6629 equally lowered SBP to normal levels and reduced @entity644 in treated @entity35 . However, the reduction of @entity644 was greater and more sustained with PE than with @entity6629 (P<.05), whereas the effect of @entity6629 on @entity644 was delayed. Plasma @entity3449 activity was increased in PE and @entity6629 @entity35 compared with control @entity35 (P<.02). Semiquantitative analysis of @entity8 showed that the percentage of glomeruli with mesangial expansion and @entity1463 and the tubulointerstitial score (an index of severity of @entity75 , namely tubular @entity194 , inflammatory cellular infiltrates, and @entity82 ) was reduced in both PE and @entity6629 @entity35 . However, the reduction of @entity631 and @entity75 was greater in PE than in @entity6629 @entity35 (P<.01). The percentage of @entity8 was positively correlated with the severity score of @entity75 (r=.60, P<.01). We conclude that PE is more effective than @entity6629 in halting the progression of @entity644 in the SHR/N-cp @entity35 with @entity2175 and @entity101 . The antiproteinuric effect of PE is associated with significant reduction in @entity631 and @entity75 , independent of the effect of treating @entity101 .

title: @entity4687 ameliorates glomerular and renal tubulointerstitial injury in the SHR/N-corpulent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular sclerosis', 'renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial lesions']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6629 :: ('MESH:C535318', 'Disease') :: ['triple therapy', 'TT']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment with recombinant @entity2047 ( @entity5041 ) and @entity13855 on @entity788 and explore the potential immunological mechanism. A total of 60 C57/BL6 @entity19 @entity788 xenograft models were randomized into four groups of 15 @entity19 per group: control group, @entity13855 treatment group, @entity5041 treatment group, combined treatment with @entity13855 and @entity5041 group. @entity19 in each group were treated with saline, @entity5041 , @entity13855 , or combination of @entity5041 and @entity13855 by weekly i.v injection for four weeks. After four weeks of treatment, eyeballs of the @entity19 were extracted and blood was drawn, percentages of CD4+T, CD8+T and NK cell were analyzed by @entity10062 , IFN-y level was detected by ELISA. One @entity19 in each group was sacrificed to measure the weight and volume of the @entity5 and prepared to the paraffin section of @entity5 tissue. Apoptosis of the @entity5 cells was analyzed by TUNEL and @entity10062 . Other @entity19 continued to receive treatment, survival period were compared between each group. We observed a significant suppression of xenograft growth and a significant prolonged survival time in the combined treatment with @entity13855 and @entity5041 group (P  <  0.05). The most amount of apoptotic cells were observed in the combined therapy group (P  <  0.05). The percentages of CD4+T, CD8+T and NK cell and serum IFN-y level increased significantly in the combined treatment group compared with other groups (P  <  0.05). Combined treatment with @entity13855 and @entity5041 resulted in suppression of @entity5 growth and prolonged survival time possibly through activation of CD4+T, CD8+T and NK cell.

title: Effect of combined treatment with recombinant XXXX and @entity13855 on @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice', 'Mice']

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) in type IV @entity1988 . Seventeen @entity1 with biopsy-proven WHO type IV @entity1988 were enrolled in a prospective, open study. Twelve of the 17 completed 48 months of treatment with @entity870 and @entity617 . Three @entity1 required the addition of @entity500 , at 12, 38 and 47 months, respectively, for @entity66 flare with refractory rashes. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up at 40 months. The mean +/- SD duration of treatment was 43.2 +/- 10.1 months (range 15.7-48 months). A significant reduction of @entity644 and a significant rise in serum albumin were noted 1 month after initiation of treatment. Improvement was maintained throughout the study except for three @entity1 who relapsed with recurrence of @entity1985 . There were no significant changes in serum @entity1011 level or @entity1011 clearances throughout the study. Repeat renal biopsy at 12 months following treatment with @entity870 showed histological improvement, with WHO type II changes in all 17 @entity1 accompanying significant reduction in activity indices. @entity1 with baseline haemoglobin (Hgb) levels < 12 g/dl showed significant improvement. Serum C3 and C4 levels were not changed significantly. @entity228 -sparing effects were noted. Side-effects included @entity101 , gum @entity1184 and mild hirsuitism, but were not serious. Combination therapy using @entity870 and @entity229 is effective and safe for long-term treatment in @entity1252 @entity1 with WHO type IV @entity1310 .

title: Long-term treatment of @entity1988 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the value of @entity5 markers @entity55870 and CA 19-9 and the @entity787 ( @entity787 ) in the follow-up of @entity1 after potentially curative surgery of @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: CA 72-4, @entity787 were measured prospectively in 279 @entity1 1-36 months after potentially curative primary surgery for histologically proven @entity356 . Evaluation was by "receiver-operating-characteristics" (ROC) curves using "believe the positive" rules as well as by linear combinations. RESULTS: Recurrences were found in 54 @entity1 . CA 72-4 (by radioimmunoassay) was the most sensitive single test (sensitivity 43%, specificity 95%). Radioimmunological and enzyme-immunological tests of CA 79-4 correlated well (r = 0.8). The various values, obtained by certain test kits, when newly calculated for the purpose of after-care, differed markedly from @entity9053 reported by the manufacturers. Measurement of both CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 increased the sensitivity to 54%. INTERPRETATION: Special levels of CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 have been identified which are of value in the follow-up of @entity1 after operation for @entity356 . Single measurements of CA 74-2 are as a rule preferable to those of CA 19-9 or of both @entity787 . In fact, @entity787 should be measured only in exceptional circumstances. But combined measurements of CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 increase sensitivity and prognostic value of the results.

title: [Value of @entity5 -associated antigens CA 72-4 vs. XXXX and CA 19-9 in the follow-up after @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9053 :: ('MESH:D045745', 'Disease') :: ['upper limits']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['cardioembryonic antigen', 'CA 19-9 and CEA', 'CA 11-9 and CEA', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: Incidence of @entity418 has risen dramatically over the past 2 decades in the U. S., for reasons that are not yet clear. A number of common medications (e.g., @entity460 channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, and certain @entity565 medications) promote @entity354 by relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Reflux is thought to increase @entity5 risk by promoting cellular proliferation, and by exposing the esophageal epithelium to potentially genotoxic gastric and intestinal contents. Recent studies have suggested that @entity460 channel blockers may also increase @entity5 risk by inhibiting apoptosis. Using personal interview data from a multicenter, population-based case-control study conducted between 1993 and 1995 in three areas of the U. S., we evaluated whether the use of LES-relaxing drugs was associated with increased risk of @entity418 . Cases of @entity420 (n = 293) and @entity418 (n = 261) were compared with general population controls (n = 695). Information on additional case groups of @entity1721 (n = 221) and noncardia @entity356 (n = 368) were also available for comparison. Overall, 27.4% of controls had used one or more of these drugs for at least 6 months, compared with 30.2% of @entity420 and 23.8% of @entity418 cases. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for ever use were 1.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.7-1.5] and 0.8 (95% CI = 0.5-1.1), respectively. There was little evidence of increasing risk with increasing duration of use of all LES-relaxing drugs together. We found an increased risk of @entity420 among @entity1 reporting use of @entity565 drugs containing @entity2544 (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.1-5.6) or beta agonists (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.8-3.8). Risks were higher among long-term users (>5 years) of these drugs (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 0.9-10.3 and OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 0.8-7.0, respectively). In contrast, there was no evidence that the use of @entity460 channel blockers or other specific groups of drugs increased the risk of any of the @entity5 studied. These results provide reassuring evidence that the increases in incidence of @entity418 are not likely to be related to the use of LES-relaxing drugs as a group, or @entity460 channel blockers in particular, but they do suggest that @entity1 treated for long-standing @entity565 may be at increased risk of @entity420 .

title: Risk of esophageal and XXXX in relation to use of @entity460 channel blockers, @entity565 drugs, and other medications that promote @entity354 .

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia', 'gastric cardia adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinomas']


abstract: This histological study correlated the depth of probe penetration to periodontal health in mongrel @entity235 . Various probing forces were also applied with an electronic pressure-sensitive probe and compared to manual probing. Three adult mongrel @entity235 with naturally occurring @entity2521 in at least one quadrant were selected and gross scaling was only performed in these diseased areas. Mild @entity2522 was diagnosed in other areas. One half was scaled and placed on a plaque control regimen to restore clinical health, while the other half remained untreated to maintain the existing @entity2522 . The Gingival Index (GI) was recorded on 24 teeth achieving equal representation of different GI values. Probe @entity3455 were inserted utilizing manual pressure as well pressures of 15 and 25 gm directed with an electronic pressure-sensitive probe. The probes were bonded to the teeth, and the specimens were sacrificed. Blocks with the probes in place were fixed and decalcified. The probes were removed prior to processing. Sections from each probing site were microscopically analyzed, and the distance was recorded from the tip of the probe to the apical termination of the junctional epithelium (ATJE). The number of inflammatory cells was documented for two fields at x200, one coronal (X) and one apical (Y) to the penetration of the probe's tip. The data were analyzed by two-sample t-test and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. A strong correlation was established between probe penetration and degree of @entity32 , X (r = 0.6936) and Y (r = 0.7075). The difference in mean @entity32 scores between probes coronal or apical to the epithelium was highly significant (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Correlation of periodontal probe penetration and degree of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The @entity171 are analogs of naturally occurring @entity9955 . They appear to block bone resorption much more than mineralization. A series of compounds has been investigated. These have antiresorptive potencies ranging from 1 to 10,000. So far, structure-function relationships have eluded definition. These drugs increase the bone density in @entity1 with @entity170 by about 5%-10% over 1 year. The bone density then appears to plateau, but most studies are of short duration. Improved bone density does not necessarily result in stronger bone, but no studies have had adequate power to assess @entity174 incidence. Bone formation rates decrease as measured histomorphometrically. This occurs while the bone density is improving, which implies an inhibition of bone resorption that is probably due to direct @entity137 to the osteoclasts. @entity10210 blocks mineralization as well as resorption and can cause @entity4772 , which is not seen with low-dose cyclical @entity10210 or with the second-generation compounds. The long-term effects of interfering with the remodeling cycle are still not known. Subtle side effects may be those on the bone itself. These might go undetected, since bone @entity158 or @entity174 usually are attributable to the underlying disease.

title: Clinical effects of @entity171 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity10210 :: ('MESH:D012968', 'Chemical') :: ['Etidronate', 'etidronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity9955 :: ('MESH:C107241', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrophosphate']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['involutional osteoporosis']


abstract: This study was done to determine if different superovulatory regimens could have an effect on the percentage of embryos produced using IVM/IVF/IVC. Cyclic heifers (n = 22) were superovulated between Days 8 and 12 of the estrous cycle with 4, 6 or 8 constant doses of FSH-P (4 mg each, twice daily) +/- the addition of 1 mg @entity3009 24 h before slaughter. Ovaries from these superovulated @entity291 and from untreated @entity291 were collected and the follicles dissected. Oocytes were classified according to the appearance of their cumulus and cytoplasm. Individual culture as well as group culture were performed but an individual culture reduced the percentage of oocytes developing into embryos for both untreated and superovulated animals. The results indicated that despite the superovulation regimen the developmental competence of the oocytes collected was lower (0 to 15% embryos) than that of oocytes from untreated animals (20 to 34% embryos). Small follicles ( < or = 2.7 mm) yielded mostly oocytes with an incomplete or partially expanded cumulus investment that never developed into an embryo. Differences in the morphology of the oocytes from medium (2.7 to 8 mm) and large ( > or = 8 mm) follicles were apparent, but equal developmental rates were obtained between all classes of oocytes (12 and 8% embryos, respectively). Follicular @entity1146 was reduced significantly after superovulation (81% nonatretic follicles in treated vs 42% nonatretic follicles in untreated animals); however oocytes from atretic and slightly atretic follicles developed similarly to those from nonatretic follicles. These results suggest that although superovulation increases follicular size and decreases @entity1146 , these conditions are not sufficient to confer developmental competence on the oocytes.

title: Superovulation can reduce the developmental competence of XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The offspring of @entity28 @entity1 are at increased risk for systemic @entity32 . Blood concentrations of inflammatory proteins in preterm newborns of @entity28 @entity1 have not been reported. AIM: To compare blood concentrations in the highest quartile for gestational age of inflammatory proteins and day of blood specimen collection on two days at least one week apart of newborns of overweight (i.e., BMI 25-29) and @entity28 @entity1 (i.e., BMI >=  30) with newborns of @entity1 with lower BMIs. Because deliveries for spontaneous indications are more likely than those for other indications to be associated with @entity32 , we evaluated spontaneous indication deliveries separately from maternal or fetal indications. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured from 939 @entity1 born before the 28th week of gestation 25 @entity32 -related proteins in blood obtained on postnatal day 1 (range 1-3), day 7 (range 5-8) and day 14 (range 12-15). RESULTS: Among @entity1 delivered for spontaneous indications, maternal BMI was not related to elevated concentrations of any protein. Among @entity1 delivered for maternal (i.e., @entity1468 ) or fetal indications, those whose mother was overweight or @entity28 were more likely than others to have elevated concentrations of @entity32 proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and @entity28 appear to contribute to a pro-inflammatory state in very preterm newborns delivered for maternal or fetal indications. Our failure to see a similar pattern among newborns delivered for spontaneous indications, which often have inflammatory characteristics, might reflect competing risks.

title: Is maternal @entity28 associated with sustained XXXX in extremely low gestational age newborns?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: AIM: To review the experience in surgery for 508 @entity1 with @entity101 and to explore the selection of reasonable operation under different conditions. METHODS: The data of 508 @entity1 with @entity101 treated surgically in 1991-2001 in our centers were analyzed. Of the 508 @entity1 , 256 were treated with portaazygous devascularization (PAD), 167 with @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ), 62 with selective shunt (SS), 11 with combined @entity5033 and portaazygous devascularization ( @entity5033 +PAD), 9 with liver transplantation (LT), 3 with union operation for @entity96 and @entity101 (HCC+PH). RESULTS: In the 167 @entity1 treated with @entity5033 , free portal pressure (FPP) was significantly higher in the @entity1 with a longer diameter of the anastomotic stoma than in those with a shorter diameter before the operation (P < 0.01). After the operation, FPP in the former @entity1 markedly decreased compared to the latter ones (P < 0.01). The incidence rate of @entity548 in @entity1 treated with PAD, @entity5033 , SS, @entity5033 +PAD, and HCC+PH was 21.09% (54/256), 13.77 (23/167), 11.29 (7/62), 36.36% (4/11), and 100% (3/3), respectively. The incidence rate of hepatic @entity75 was 3.91% (10/256), 9.58% (16/167), 4.84% (3/62), 9.09% (1/11), and 100% (3/3), respectively while the operative mortality was 5.49% (15/256), 4.22% (7/167), 4.84% (3/62), 9.09% (1/11), and 66.67% (2/3) respectively. The operative mortality of liver transplantation was 22.22% (2/9). CONCLUSION: Five kinds of operation in surgical treatment of @entity101 have their advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the selection of operation should be based on the actual needs of the @entity1 .

title: Clinical analysis of surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['portasystemic shunt', 'PSS']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertension']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the outcome of treatment for @entity1 with recurrent mid- and @entity418 in whom recurrence was localized to the lymph nodes of the neck, and to determine the best strategy for further treatment. Between 1989 and 2001, 270 @entity1 with mid- and lower-thoracic @entity418 underwent curative esophagectomy; 90 of those @entity1 had a @entity5 recurrence. Our focus was on lymph node recurrence, especially when the recurrent @entity5 were localized to the lymph nodes in the neck. The outcomes of those @entity1 and the efficacy of the strategies used to treat the recurrent @entity5 were determined. In 43 @entity1 (48%), recurrent @entity5 initially appeared in the lymph nodes. Among the 43 @entity1 , 15 (35%) had localized neck recurrence. The time between @entity5 recurrence and @entity204 among the 15 @entity1 with localized neck recurrence was significantly longer than among the 28 @entity1 with other recurrence patterns. In addition, 15 @entity1 underwent lymph node resection, while 28 @entity1 were treated non-surgically. The time between @entity5 recurrence and @entity204 was significantly longer in @entity1 treated surgically. Of the 15 @entity1 in whom recurrence affected the neck lymph nodes only, 10 (67%) were treated surgically; their 2-year survival rate after recurrence was 45%. The outcomes of recurrent @entity418 localized to the lymph nodes of the neck were better than those seen with other recurrence patterns, and salvage resection followed by chemoradiation therapy would seem to be indicated for those @entity1 .

title: Outcome and treatment strategy for mid- and lower-thoracic XXXX recurring locally in the lymph nodes of the neck.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'lower-thoracic esophageal cancers', 'esophageal cancers']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pacing algorithms to prevent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) have been tested in studies of modest size and duration with inconclusive results. OBJECTIVES: To prospectively evaluate the relationship between subclinical @entity955 and @entity64 in @entity1 65 years of age or older with no previous @entity955 receiving a first pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for standard indications. Three months following device implantation, pacemaker @entity1 were randomized to have continuous atrial overdrive pacing (CAOP) algorithm turned "ON" or "OFF." The primary study outcome was development of electrocardiogram-documented @entity955 >6 minutes. RESULTS: A total of 2343 @entity1 were randomized and followed for a mean of 2.5 years. The primary outcome occurred in 60 @entity1 in the CAOP ON group (1.96% per year) and in 45 in the CAOP OFF group (1.44% per year; relative risk 1.38; 95% confidence interval 0.94-2.03; P = .10). Major clinical events ( @entity64 , @entity583 , @entity65 , systemic @entity887 , @entity712 hospitalization) occurred at similar frequencies in the 2 groups. In the CAOP ON group, 133 of the 1164 @entity1 (11.4%) crossed over to CAOP OFF compared with 12 of the 1179 (1.0%) who crossed over from OFF to ON (P <.0001). False-positive device detections of @entity955 were more common among @entity1 assigned to CAOP ON (23%) than among @entity1 assigned to CAOP OFF (7.7%; relative risk 2.99; 95% confidence interval 2.40-3.74; P <.001). Pacemaker generator replacement for battery depletion occurred in 4.4% of the subjects randomized to CAOP ON and in 2.5% of the @entity1 assigned to CAOP OFF (relative risk 1.70; 95% confidence interval 1.08-2.67; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: CAOP does not prevent new-onset @entity955 , is poorly tolerated, and accelerates pulse generator battery depletion.

title: Atrial overdrive pacing to prevent XXXX : insights from ASSERT.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the relationship between @entity1069 and prostatic calculi, and clinical parameters of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was based on 225 @entity1 who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for @entity1067 . @entity32 was graded as 0 (n = 44), I (n = 54), II (n = 88) or III (n = 39) according to severity. Prostatic calculi were classified into types A (n = 66), B (n = 44), M (n = 77) and N (n = 38). The relationship between @entity32 and calculus type was analyzed, and clinical parameters of @entity1067 were compared for each group. RESULTS: There was no correlation between severity of @entity32 and calculus type. Prostatic volume increased with the severity of @entity32 and showed significant differences between G2, G3 and G0. The International Prostate Symptom Score also increased with increasing @entity32 . There was no significant difference between each clinical parameter according to calculus type. CONCLUSIONS: Prostatic calculi had no significant association with @entity32 and clinical parameters of @entity1067 . @entity32 was associated with the volume of the prostate and storage symptoms; thus, it is not only presumed to be related to the progression of @entity1067 , but may also be one of the causes of lower urinary tract symptoms.

title: Lower urinary tract symptoms in XXXX @entity1 : orchestrated by @entity1069 and prostatic calculi?.

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['chronic prostatic inflammation']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: In 1999 an accidental contamination of feed occurred in Belgium. This incident lead Authorities to increase monitoring levels of @entity3215 ( @entity5241 ) in food of animal origin. In our Department 220 samples of @entity1707 tissues, meat and adipose tissue, were analysed. The quantitation of @entity5241 was made from the sum of 7 congeners obtained by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. Confirmatory analysis was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The @entity3215 in the majority of samples were close to the method limit of detection and only a few samples had @entity5241 concentrations > the limit of quantitation. In those tissues the average concentration of @entity3215 was 0.035 mg/kg. The legal limit of 0.200 mg @entity5241 /kg established by the European Union was exceeded by only 1 sample, a smoked ham from Belgium. This sample showed the presence of all selected congeners. We report the profile of the @entity5241 congeners in this sample.

title: Distribution of @entity3215 in contaminated XXXX tissue.

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: Because of the high local recurrence rate associated with surgical resection alone, @entity1 with diffuse intraarticular @entity1362 were treated with surgical resection followed by colloidal chromic @entity4669 synoviorthesis. The medical records of nine consecutive @entity1 treated in this manner were reviewed retrospectively to determine the recurrence rate of @entity1362 . All @entity1 had either one or two surgical resections (arthroscopy in one @entity1 , open resection in seven, arthroscopy and open resection in one). The involved joints included six knees and one each, ankle, elbow, and hip. Eight of the nine @entity1 remained recurrence free at a mean followup of 38 months (range, 19-60 months) after surgery. One @entity1 had a suspected asymptomatic recurrence documented by magnetic resonance imaging 29 months after surgery. Seven @entity1 reported their normal activities as unrestricted. Five reported improved activity levels, one reported the activity level remained the same, and one reported activity as the same or better. None reported reduced activity levels. In these @entity1 synoviorthesis with colloidal chromic @entity4669 following gross resection of all obvious @entity1362 provided @entity66 control in all but one.

title: Diffuse @entity1362 : preliminary results with intralesional resection and XXXX synoviorthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1362 :: ('MESH:D013586', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented villonodular synovitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

answer: @entity4669 :: (3622,Gene) :: ['p32']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with low-risk @entity662 are frequently readmitted for evaluation of recurrent @entity662 . It is unknown whether stress testing during the first admission for @entity662 is a cost-effective means of reducing readmissions. METHODS: Using a hospital administrative database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 aged >= 18 years admitted under "observation status" to Baystate Medical Center between January 2007 and July 2009 for @entity662 without @entity1187 . We compared subsequent @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits, readmissions, and costs within 1 year for @entity1 who had a stress test at index admission to those who did not, adjusting for age, gender, race, insurance, and comorbidities. RESULTS: The cohort included 3315 @entity1 . Most (n   =   2376, 71.7%) had a stress test during the index admission. Within 1 year, 256 (7.7%) @entity1 returned to the @entity341 at least once with @entity662 . Of these, 112 (43.8%) were admitted during their first return visit. In the multivariable model, return visits for @entity662 were negatively associated with previous stress testing (odds ratio [OR]: 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5 to 0.9). Once in the @entity341 , however, the risk of admission did not vary by stress test during index admission (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.4). Overall costs, including index admission and follow-up visits for @entity662 , were higher for @entity1 with stress testing at index admission. CONCLUSION: Inpatient stress testing reduced subsequent resource utilization in terms of @entity341 visits and resultant readmissions, but the savings were not enough to offset the cost of initial testing.

title: The effect of inpatient stress testing on subsequent XXXX visits, readmissions, and costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: A six-laboratory study developed a standardized method for determining the susceptibilities of @entity6368 strains to @entity114 , @entity803 , @entity6760 , and @entity2756 . Three quality control organisms were also selected, and quality assurance guidelines were initially generated for the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. The medium recommended for gonococcal susceptibility testing was GC agar with a defined "XV-like" supplement. The supplement should be free of @entity462 , a component implicated in the inactivation of some newer @entity3405 compounds. @entity114 , @entity803 , @entity6760 , and @entity2756 were stable in agar plates stored at 3 to 5 degrees C for at least 2 weeks. Numerous GC agar and drug disk lots were used during the trials without significant variation in test results. Several other @entity2954 were recommended for additional medium quality assurance. The disk quality control zone limits were established for @entity6368 ATCC 49226 (formerly CDC F-18) and @entity794 ATCC 25923. @entity4085 quality control ranges were also developed for @entity6368 ATCC 49226 and @entity794 ATCC 29213. The interpretive criteria for @entity114 were as follows: susceptibility, greater than or equal to 47 mm (diameter of inhibition zone) (less than or equal to 0.06 @entity4085 [ @entity4085 ]); resistance, less than or equal to 26 mm (greater than or equal to 2 @entity4085 ). For @entity803 they were as follows: susceptibility, greater than or equal to 38 mm (less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml); resistance, less than or equal to 30 mm (greater than or equal to 2 @entity4085 ). For @entity6760 they were as follows: susceptibility, >/= 18 mm (</= 32 @entity4085 ); resistance, </= 14 mm (>/= 128 @entity4085 ). For @entity2756 susceptibility, the criterion was >/= 35 mm (</= 0.25 @entity4085 ) with no other category. Criteria of </= 19 mm for plasmid-mediated resistances to @entity114 and @entity803 were also confirmed. The false-susceptibility errors were </= 1% with these criteria.

title: Standardization of disk diffusion and agar dilution susceptibility tests for @entity6368 : interpretive criteria and quality control guidelines for @entity2756 , @entity114 , @entity6760 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal strains']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin', 'Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['micrograms/ml', 'MIC']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['tetracycline']


abstract: @entity1897 (CNS) activities after single (day 1) and repeated (day 7) administrations of increasing doses of @entity55229 (BIL) were assessed in 20 healthy volunteers throughout a crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo ( @entity1989 )-controlled study. Repeated doses of BIL 20, 40, or 80 mg and @entity5774 25 mg (HYD) as positive standard were administered on 7 consecutive days. Before and at several time points after drug intake, skin reactivity to the intradermal injection of @entity112 , objective tests of psychomotor performance, and subjective mood scales were evaluated. All active treatments led to a significant and similar reduction in the wheal reaction in relation to @entity1989 after both the single (P < 0.001) and repeated administrations (P < 0.001). No delay was observed in the onset of its peripheral activity after the first dose of BIL as compared with HYD. No tolerance or sensitization was seen when comparing acute and repetitive assessments. Central nervous system effects showed that HYD induced the greatest @entity1155 (P < 0.05). Repeated HYD intake showed a lower number of significant alterations in comparison to acute administration. @entity55229 80 mg also showed some impairment (P < 0.05). Subjectively, the only active treatment that could not be differentiated from @entity1989 was BIL 20 mg. @entity5774 25 mg showed the greatest differentiation (P < 0.01). A clear dissociation between peripheral anti-H1 and CNS activity was found after BIL treatment. Significant and sustained peripheral H1-blocking effects were observed after both single and repeated administrations of the therapeutic dose of 20 mg BIL. The 40-mg dose of BIL produced subjective report of sedation, whereas unwanted objective CNS side effects were observed only with the 80-mg dose.

title: Comparison of peripheral and central effects of single and repeated oral dose administrations of XXXX , a new H1 antihistamine: a dose-range study in healthy volunteers with @entity5774 and placebo as control treatments.

entities_list: @entity5774 :: ('MESH:D006919', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyzine', 'hydroxyzine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral anti-H1 and central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity55229 :: ('MESH:C445659', 'Chemical') :: ['bilastine', 'Bilastine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor impairment']

answer: @entity55229 :: (MESH:C445659,Chemical) :: ['bilastine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with spinoglenoid notch cyst associated with superior labrum anterior-to-posterior (SLAP) lesions were evaluated. The @entity1 were all treated by arthroscopic cyst decompression combined with SLAP repair. The hypothesis of the study was that the @entity1 who underwent prolonged conservative treatment period prior to surgery would exhibit significant infraspinatus hypotrophy and @entity425 , and their postoperative clinical and functional outcomes would be less satisfactory. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 exhibited positive MRI and EMG findings with clinical signs of @entity425 and @entity158 . The median age was 40.5  years (range 32-52), and the study group consisted of 11 males and 5 females with a median follow-up period of 26  months (12-48). The median duration of symptoms and conservative treatment prior to the surgical intervention was 3.5  months (1-14). Seven @entity1 in group A exhibited infraspinatus hypotrophy. Group B comprised 9 @entity1 without infraspinatus hypotrophy. RESULTS: The results of the pre- and postoperative Constant scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and external rotation strength test rates were compared between groups. They all improved in terms of @entity158 , strength, and function (P  <  0.05). Significant differences were observed between the pre- and postoperative external rotation strengths and Constant scores (P  <  0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the pre- and postoperative VAS scores (n.s.). A significant correlation was observed in group A between surgical timing, the preoperative external rotation strength ratio (P  =  0.04) and the postoperative VAS scores (P  =  0.013). CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic treatment was satisfactory with good clinical outcomes. Infraspinatus hypotrophy occurred in cases of prolonged surgical duration and significantly affected external rotation strength and functional outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective comparative study, Level III.

title: The effect of infraspinatus hypotrophy and XXXX on the arthroscopic treatment of spinoglenoid notch cyst associated with superior labrum anterior-to-posterior lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['weakness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Relatively few studies have been done in Tanzania to detect and classify diarrheagenic @entity526 ( @entity6567 ) strains among @entity1 with @entity294 . This study aimed at investigating @entity6567 among @entity1 in Dar es Salaam aged less than five years hospitalized due to acute/persistent @entity294 . METHODS: @entity6567 were isolated from stool samples collected from two hundred and eighty @entity1 with acute/persistent @entity294 at Muhimbili National Hospital and Ilala and Mwananyamala Municipal Hospitals in Dar es Salaam. A multiplex PCR system method was used to detect a species specific gene for @entity526 and ten different virulence genes for detection of five pathogroups of @entity6567 namely enteroaggregative- (EAEC), enteropathogenic- (EPEC), enterotoxigenic- (ETEC), enteroinvasive- (EIEC) and enterohemorghagic- @entity526 (EHEC). RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 (22.9%) harbored @entity6567 . Forty-one of them (14.6%) were categorized as EAEC. Most of the EAEC (82.9%) were classified as typical EAEC possessing the aggR gene, and 92.6% carried the aat gene. Isolates from thirteen @entity1 were EPEC (4.6%) and most of these (92.3%) were typical EPEC with both eae and bfpA genes. Ten isolates were identified as ETEC (3.6%) with only the heat stable toxin; either st1a or st1b but not both. Age wise, EAEC and EPEC were significantly more prevalent among the age group 0-6 months (p < 0.05). Genes for EHEC ( @entity10952 and @entity23345 ) and EIEC (ial) were not detected in this study group. CONCLUSION: The results show a high proportion of @entity6567 among Tanzanian @entity1 with @entity294 , with typical EAEC and typical EPEC predominating. The use of primers for both variants of @entity28620 (st1a and st1b) increased the sensitivity for detection of ETEC strains.

title: Identification of diarrheagenic @entity526 isolated from @entity1 and XXXX in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E.coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with severe @entity543 may have more severe @entity2806 after @entity64 than @entity1 without this abnormality. Unilateral proximal @entity432 (UCO) alone typically does not induce @entity1188 in normotensive @entity35 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether UCO increases @entity1188 size after microembolic, experimental @entity64 . METHODS: @entity1188 was induced in 2 groups of @entity35 by injecting 2000 microspheres (50-micrometer diameter) intracranially from the external carotid artery. The common carotid artery (CCA) was either ligated just after the injection ( @entity432 group, n=8) or left intact (CCA open group, n=8). In the control group (n=4), vehicle without microspheres was injected and the CCA was ligated. Twenty-four hours later, the brains were removed and @entity1188 volumes measured. Perfusion-weighted imaging was used to evaluate the cerebral circulation before and after @entity432 with and without microsphere injection in a separate group of animals (n=16). RESULTS: All animals in the microemboli groups survived and had only a slight hemiparesis 24 hours after occlusion. No @entity51 were observed in the control group. @entity1188 volumes were 145+/-57 mm(3) in the @entity432 group and 45+/-26 mm(3) in the CCA open group (P <0.01). There were no @entity1188 detected in the control group. Perfusion-weighted imaging showed that cerebral blood flow decreased after the @entity432 in both experiments with and without the microsphere injection. CONCLUSIONS: UCO alone does not induce @entity2806 , but it worsens ischemic lesion size after multiple microemboli. This is probably due to the slight cerebral perfusion insufficiency caused by UCO. These results suggest that @entity1 with cerebral hemodynamic insufficiency, such as those with severe @entity543 , may have @entity2806 after microembolic events.

title: Inapparent hemodynamic insufficiency exacerbates @entity2806 in a XXXX microembolic @entity64 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['increased ischemic damage', 'ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarctions', 'infarct', 'Microembolic infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['CCA occlusion', 'carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue-invading helminth parasites secrete a large amount of @entity462 proteases that may play critical roles in tissue invasion and immune modulation. However, roles of excretory-secretory products (ESP) secreted by @entity9642 in the activation and @entity204 of microglial cells in brain are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we investigated whether ESP could regulate microglial @entity842 (NO) production and viability. METHODS: The NO production and cell viability were assessed by respectively measuring the formation of @entity3542 and the release of @entity880 dehyrogenase. RESULTS: At a low (0.2 microg/ml) concentration, ESP significantly stimulated NO production with no apparent cell injury or @entity204 in cultured microglial cells. However, at high (> or =2 microg/ml) concentrations, ESP induced severe cell @entity204 . Inhibition of inducible NO synthase significantly reduced the NO productivity, but not @entity137 , of ESP. Similarly, inhibitors of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 and nuclear factor kappa B also blocked only the NO productivity of ESP. Interestingly, heat inactivation did not hamper the ability of ESP to stimulate microglial NO production. Similarly, pretreatment with @entity1432 -crosslinking reagents dramatically reduced both proteolytic activity and @entity137 of ESP, but did not alter NO production in microglial cells. Interestingly, although @entity462 protease competitive inhibitors and @entity1432 -alkylating reagents markedly reduced the proteolytic activity of ESP, they did not influence the NO productivity and @entity137 of ESP. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that the NO production and @entity137 by ESP may be differentially regulated via unknown mechanisms, not related with @entity462 protease activity.

title: Excretory-secretory products produced by @entity9642 differentially regulate the XXXX production and viability of microglial cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity9642 :: ('34504', 'Species') :: ['Paragonimus westermani']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Idiopathic @entity27017 is quite rare and only a few cases have been reported. Conservative systemic administration of antibiotics and urokinase is reported to be effective. In this report, surgical drainage was performed on an 18-year-old @entity1 who complained of @entity221 and @entity490 . He had no past history of abdominal inflammatory disease or abdominal surgery. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed wide spread @entity715 of the portal vein. Laparotomy was performed and the occluded superior mesenteric vein was incised. Massive pus was removed. Thereafter, a drain was placed at the opened mesenteric vein. Drainage resulted in a dramatic decrease in @entity221 . Postoperative radiographic studies of the colon, the small intestine, and other organs did not show any abnormalities. Emergency surgical drainage was performed successfully, instead of systemic administration of antibiotics and urokinase. @entity954 may be useful for wide spread pylephlebitis and pylethrombosis.

title: XXXX for @entity27017 .

entities_list: @entity27017 :: ('MESH:D013492', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative pylephlebitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical drainage']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity954 :: (MESH:D016063,Disease) :: ['Surgical drainage']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the low-dose combination of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor @entity4687 2 mg plus the diuretic @entity7486 0.625 mg (P/I) compared with the @entity2178 antagonist @entity9886 50 mg (L50) in the treatment of essential @entity101 . @entity1 (n = 277) were randomised, double-blind and allocated to receive either P/I or L50 once daily for a period of 12 weeks. Responder and normalisation rates in the two groups were compared by a chi 2 test. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results were compared using the one-tailed Student's t-test. Normalisation rates were significantly greater in the P/I group (76.0%) than in the L50 group (60.0%) (p = 0.009). Responder rates were significantly higher in the P/I group (91.7%) than in the L50 group (81.8%) (p = 0.025). The average blood pressure reductions were: in @entity24652 (P/I-L50 = -2.4 mmHg; CI: 6.2; 1.3) and sDBP (P/I-L50 = -2.0 mmHg; CI: -4.2; 0.2). The average night-time @entity13519 decrease (ABPM) was significantly greater in the P/I group (p = 0.041). The tolerability was comparable between the two groups in terms of emergent adverse events related to treatment (12.4% for P/I @entity1 and 8.4% for L50 @entity1 ). Laboratory evaluations did not show any significant variations. It was concluded the low-dose P/I combination had significantly higher responder and normalisation rates than L50. This study also confirmed the good tolerability of both treatments.

title: Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of low-dose @entity4687 / @entity7486 combination compared with @entity9886 in the treatment of essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Periodontal disease-associated alveolar @entity604 is a comorbidity of @entity2175 , where the roles of osteoclasts are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate osteoclast differentiation and function in the context of @entity2175 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone marrow-derived osteoclasts from db/db @entity19 , a model of @entity2175 , as well as @entity1 osteoclasts derived from peripheral blood of individuals with @entity2175 were evaluated for differentiation, resorption, and soluble mediator expression. RESULTS: While db/db @entity19 were @entity1602 at time of cell harvest, @entity1 @entity1 were glycemically controlled. Although db/db cultures resulted in a higher number of larger osteoclasts, individual cell @entity5298 ( @entity5298 )-mediated bone resorption was similar to that observed in @entity6 . Osteoclasts derived from individuals with @entity2175 differentiated similarly to controls with again no difference in bone resorbing capacity. @entity19 and @entity1 @entity2175 both displayed inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced deactivation and increased pro-osteoclastogenic mediator expression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4854 plays a role in aberrant osteoclast differentiation leading to an increased capacity for bone resorption. Osteoclasts derived from @entity19 models of and individuals with @entity2175 are unable to be inhibited by LPS, again leading to increased capacity for bone resorption. Here, environmental and intrinsic mechanisms associated with the @entity604 observed in periodontal @entity1 with @entity2175 are described.

title: XXXX induced and intrinsic alterations in type 2 @entity6 -derived osteoclast function.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type-2-diabetes', 'type-2-diabetes cultures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-free osteoclasts']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss', 'increased alveolar bone loss']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']