abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety profile of @entity416 using data from a large, well-characterized population of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 treated in two phase II studies. In these trials, @entity416 achieved significantly superior response rates, equivalent time to disease progression and equivalent survival compared with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )/ @entity4181 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (n = 1207) were randomized to either oral @entity416 (1250 mg/m2 twice daily, on days 1-14 every 21 days) or intravenous (i.v.) bolus @entity1487 / @entity4181 (Mayo Clinic regimen). RESULTS: @entity416 demonstrated a safety profile superior to that of @entity1487 / @entity4181 , with a significantly lower incidence of @entity294 , @entity3136 , @entity390 , alopecia and grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 leading to significantly fewer @entity221 / @entity295 cases and fewer hospitalizations. All @entity1 in the @entity416 group received a starting dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily and the majority (66%) did not require dose modification for adverse events. In the @entity1487 / @entity4181 group, 58% of @entity1 did not require dose reduction for @entity137 . The @entity416 dose-modification scheme reduced the recurrence of key @entity137 without compromising efficacy. In both treatment arms, @entity1 with moderate @entity8 at baseline (estimated @entity1011 clearance 30-50 ml/min) experienced a higher incidence of grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . This increase was more pronounced with @entity1487 / @entity4181 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity416 is at least as effective, better tolerated and more convenient than i.v. @entity1487 / @entity4181 as treatment for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . Analysis of data from two large phase III trials demonstrates that efficacy is not compromised in @entity1 requiring a dose reduction for adverse events. The phase III data and an additional pharmacokinetic study support a lower starting dose in @entity1 with moderate @entity8 at baseline (calculated @entity1011 clearance 30-50 ml/min) and a contra-indication in @entity1 with severely impaired @entity1011 clearance at baseline (<30 ml/min). For @entity1 with normal or mildly @entity8 at baseline, the standard starting dose is well tolerated. The incidence and severity of adverse events in @entity1 with moderate @entity8 at baseline who were treated with @entity1487 / @entity4181 was more pronounced, indicating that @entity416 provides a better-tolerated alternative.

title: First-line oral @entity416 therapy in metastatic XXXX : a favorable safety profile compared with intravenous @entity1487 / @entity4181 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our prior studies show that intravenous (IV) @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) produces @entity194 of the small intestine-related gut-associated lymphoid tissue and significant decreases in intestinal IgA levels, the major system of mucosal immunity. Others have noted increased small intestinal permeability, bacterial adherence and translocation, and decreased IgA levels in @entity3147 -fed animals. @entity6138 , a neuropeptide, may play a regulatory role in mucosal immunity. It is not clear whether @entity6138 attenuates the @entity3147 -associated gut-associated lymphoid tissue @entity194 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of @entity6138 on gut-associated lymphoid tissue integrity and function during IV @entity3147 feeding. DESIGN: Randomized animal study. SETTING: A university laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male ICR @entity19 weighing 25 to 30 g were randomized to chow plus IV saline solution (n = 12), IV @entity3147 (n = 12), or IV @entity3147 plus @entity6138 (15 micrograms/kg, administered intramuscularly three times a day) (n = 12). Animals were killed after 5 days of receiving the experimental diet. Total small intestinal IgA level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lymphocytes were isolated from Peyer's patches, intraepithelial spaces, and lamina propria and were stained with specific antibodies for B and T cells and for T-cell expression of @entity1961 and CD8 by flow cytometric analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. RESULTS: @entity6138 prevented the IV @entity3147 decreases in (1) total cell yield and B-cell yield from the Peyer's patches, intraepithelial spaces, and lamina propria; (2) T-cell yield in the intraepithelial spaces and lamina propria; and (3) small intestinal IgA levels. @entity6138 also reversed IV @entity3147 decreases in @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cells in the intraepithelial spaces and Peyer's patches and prevented the decrease in the @entity1961 /CD8 ratio in the lamina propria. CONCLUSION: @entity6138 prevents the @entity3147 -associated @entity194 and dysfunction of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, supporting the concept of close neuroimmunologic interaction.

title: @entity6138 affects mucosal immunity and gut-associated lymphoid tissue in intravenously fed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['total parenteral nutrition', 'TPN']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['Bombesin', 'bombesin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) directed endovascular exclusion of @entity438 ( @entity438 ) using stent grafts. METHODS: Clinical data of seven @entity1 who underwent endovascular exclusion of @entity438 using IVUS guidance between 2009 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Outcome measures included graft patency, endoleak, and clinical symptoms. RESULTS: A total of seven @entity1 were treated with Viabahn stent grafts using IVUS guidance. No @entity1 were lost to follow-up (mean 12        2 months). @entity1 had an average of two vessel runoff at the end of the procedure. All @entity1 were symptom free with patent stents and no evidence of endoleak at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Use of IVUS during endovascular treatment of @entity438 allows the physician to fully appreciate the anatomy of @entity438 , including location and extent of @entity715 burden and the diameter and location of desired landing zones for appropriate sealing of the @entity439 proximally and distally. IVUS-guided treatment is associated with excellent outcomes and does not increase procedural radiation and contrast load.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Use of intravascular ultrasound to guide endovascular repair of popliteal artery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['popliteal artery aneurysm', 'PAA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of the outcome of preoperative intermittent pneumatic soft tissue distraction (IPD) in @entity1 with severe @entity1159 in @entity2074 with special regards on recurrent deformities. METHOD: In a prospective study, nine @entity1 with @entity2074 grade III and IV according to the classification of Tubiana were treated with a preoperative intermittent soft-tissue distraction using a pneumatic extension device followed by a standardized operative correction and follow-up program. Sixteen fingers were involved: grade I and II four fingers, grade III and IV twelve fingers. Nine fingers - grade III and IV seven fingers - in six @entity1 had a recurrent deformity. RESULTS: The preoperative reduction of @entity1159 simplifies the surgical treatment. Preoperatively using the IPD, the flexion @entity1159 was reduced between 5 and 60 degrees. With an average of 29 (10 to 60) degrees, the improvement was greater in fingers with severe @entity1159 (grade III and IV according to Tubiana) than in fingers with a minor @entity1159 averaging 10 (5 to 25) degrees. In fingers with recurrent deformity, the reduction of the flexion @entity1159 averaged 27 (5 to 60) degrees. There were no complications leading to break off of the distraction. CONCLUSION: The intermittent pneumatic distraction is a good alternative to the method introduced by Messina for preoperative soft-tissue distraction in @entity1 with severe @entity2074 .

title: [Preoperative Intermittent Pneumatic Soft-Tissue Distraction in @entity1 with severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's disease", "Dupuytren's contracture"]

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture', 'contractures']

answer: @entity2074 :: (MESH:D004387,Disease) :: ['Dupuytren's Contracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Platelet-rich plasma ( @entity16447 ) can promote wound healing. To observe the effect of @entity16447 injection on the early healing of @entity35 's @entity397 so as to provide the experimental basis for clinical practice. METHODS: Forty-six @entity35 were included in this experiment, female or male and weighing 190-240 g. @entity16447 and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were prepared from the heart arterial blood of 10 @entity35 ; other 36 @entity35 were made the models of @entity397 , and were randomly divided into 3 groups (control group, PPP group, and @entity16447 group), 12 @entity35 for each group. In PPP and @entity16447 groups, PPP and @entity16447 of 100 microL were injected around the tendons once a week, respectively; in the control group, nothing was injected. The tendon tissue sample was harvested at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after operation for morphology, histology, and immunohistochemistry observations. The content of collagen type I fibers also was measured. Specimens of each group were obtained for biomechanical test at 4 weeks. RESULTS: All the animals survived till the end of the experiment. Tendon @entity4 gradually decreased and sliding improved with time. The @entity924 increased steadily from 1 week to 3 weeks postoperatively, and it was relieved at 4 weeks in 3 groups. There was no significant difference in the grading of @entity924 among 3 groups at 1 week and at 4 weeks (P > 0.05), respectively. The inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and collagen fibers were more in @entity16447 group than in PPP group and control group at 1 week; with time, inflammatory cell infiltration and angiogenesis gradually decreased. Positive staining of collagen type I fibers was observed at 1-4 weeks postoperatively in 3 groups. The positive density of collagen type I fibers in group @entity16447 was significantly higher than that in control group and PPP group at 1, 2, and 3 weeks (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found among 3 groups at 4 weeks (P > 0.05). The biomechanical tests showed that there was no significant difference in the maximal gliding excursion among 3 groups at 4 weeks postoperatively (P > 0.05); the elasticity modulus and the ultimate tensile strength of @entity16447 group were significantly higher than those of control group and PPP group at 4 weeks (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity16447 injection can improve the healing of Achilles tendon in early repair of @entity35 's @entity397 .

title: [Effect of platelet-rich plasma injection on early healing of @entity397 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon adhesion']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper is to describe the experiences of mothers with serious @entity1032 from their perspectives and how they attempted to manage their mothering circumstances. BACKGROUND: The desire to mother in @entity1 with serious @entity1032 is increasingly acknowledged by healthcare professionals. For these @entity1 , mothering is often framed as a pathological problem needing professional intervention. Yet little is known about mothering and illness from the perspectives of the mothers themselves. METHOD: Using Glaser's grounded theory approach and both purposive and theoretical sampling, interviews were conducted with 20 mothers who were receiving treatment for mental health problems. The data were collected in 2002. FINDINGS: We found the core category of Keeping close described mothers' efforts to have meaningful relationships with their @entity1 in the context of illness and suffering. To this end, mothers chose strategies that would hide illness for the sake of protecting their roles and their @entity1 . These strategies--masking, censoring speech, doing motherwork and seeking help--served to imitate ideal perceptions of mothering while making illness invisible to their @entity1 . Mothering in illness, however, became a vortex of contradictions, resulting in mothers 'hitting bottom', a point in time when they realized they could not keep close via pretences. To return to the valued place of mother, they sought treatment, hoping to learn how to be with their @entity1 authentically. CONCLUSION: To assist mothers with serious @entity1032 , healthcare professionals must be sensitive to the social and cultural context in which they mother in order to create healthier possibilities for nurturing their @entity1 .

title: Keeping close: mothering with serious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: This randomized open-label study compared the incidence of metabolic side effects of @entity1770 , @entity1280 and @entity1089 in a population of medication-na  ve first-episode @entity716 @entity1 . A total of 202 subjects were enrolled. Body weight, body mass index, @entity1243 , fasting lipids and fasting glycaemic parameters were measured at baseline and at 3 months follow-up. A hundred and sixty-six @entity1 completed the follow-up and were included in the analyses. A high proportion of @entity1 experienced a significant weight increase (>7% of their baseline weight): 23% @entity1280 (n=12), 32% with @entity1089 (n=16) and 45% with @entity1770 (n=31). @entity1 treated with @entity1770 gained significantly more weight than the @entity1 in the @entity1280 group (1.2 kg [SD=4.1] versus 4.3 kg [SD=4.8], respectively). The increase in @entity1243 levels was greater in @entity1 treated with @entity1770 than in those treated with @entity1280 (p=0.030). Mean prolactin levels significantly increased in @entity1 treated with @entity1089 and @entity1280 but not in those treated with @entity1770 . @entity1 treated with @entity1089 and @entity1770 showed a significant increase in total @entity165 and LDL- @entity165 plasma levels. @entity1089 -treated @entity1 resulted in a higher increase in LDL- @entity165 than @entity1 treated with @entity1280 (p=0.021). No other significant differences between groups were found. No significant changes in glycaemic parameters were observed. Our results suggest that @entity1280 has a lower liability for inducing @entity1017 and @entity14822 than @entity1770 or @entity1089 .

title: Comparison of metabolic effects of @entity1770 , XXXX and @entity1280 after 12 weeks of treatment in first treated episode of @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['quetiapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: African American @entity1 are less likely to receive thrombolytic therapy and coronary revascularization than are white @entity1 . Delay and clinical presentation may be keys to understanding differences in care. OBJECTIVE: To determine how symptom recognition and perception influence clinical presentation as a function of race, we characterized symptoms and care-seeking behavior in African American and white @entity1 seen in the @entity2613 with @entity662 . METHODS: The prospective study was conducted from April 1999 to September 1999 among @entity1 who were seen in the @entity2613 and were admitted or observed in the @entity2613 Chest Pain Unit (n = 215). Interviews were conducted within 48 hours with a structured set of questions. RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of white @entity1 and 8.9% of African American @entity1 were admitted with a diagnosis of @entity583 (P =.001). African American @entity1 were as likely as white @entity1 to report "typical" objective symptoms but were more likely to attribute their symptoms to a gastrointestinal source rather than a cardiac source (P =.05). Of those @entity1 with the final diagnosis of @entity583 (n = 45), 61% of African American @entity1 attributed symptoms to a gastrointestinal source and 11% to a cardiac source, versus 26% and 33%, respectively, for white @entity1 . The median prehospital delay for African American @entity1 was 263 minutes (interquartile range, 120 to 756 minutes), similar to the 247 minutes for white @entity1 (interquartile range, 101 to 825 minutes, P =.72), despite African American @entity1 (80%) being more likely than white @entity1 (66%) to perceive their symptoms as severe/life-threatening at onset (P =.05). CONCLUSION: Racial differences in symptom perception exist. Although the proportion of objectively defined typical symptoms were similar, self-attribution was more often noncardiac in African American @entity1 than in white @entity1 . Self-attribution, in addition to objective clinical findings, is likely to influence caregiver diagnostic approaches and therefore therapeutic approaches, and merits further study.

title: Perceptions of XXXX differ by race.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: Prediction of @entity39 in critically perfused skin flaps is difficult and rarely precise. An early detection of insufficiently perfused skin is highly desirable since it may lead to surgical decisions such as operative flap revision or early resection. The application of laser-induced @entity3194 (ICG) fluoroscopy allows an objective quantification of skin perfusion and a high topographical resolution. Aim of the present study is to determine a threshold value for flap perfusion under well-defined experimental conditions and test the validity of the results in the clinical application. Twenty overdimensioned random pattern flaps with a length to width ratio of 4 : 1 (8 x 2 cm) were dissected at the anterior abdominal wall of 20 male @entity35 weighing 365 g on average. ICG fluorescence was performed at the end of the operation by intravenous injection of 1 g ICG/kg bodyweight into a tail vein and digital recording. On the seventh postoperative day, both the @entity39 and surviving areas of the flaps were measured and the ICG-fluorescence was analysed in the areas that had undergone @entity39 . 41 flaps with areas of critical perfusion (18 skin flaps, 13 @entity121 , 8 replantations) were analysed in 39 @entity1 . The surviving part of the flap had a mean perfusion index of 62 % compared to reference skin. The distal parts of the flap that necrotized during the experiment showed an average perfusion index of 19 % postoperatively. Differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). In clinical application, a number of 13 flaps were found to have a perfusion index less than 25 % in a region of critical perfusion. Eleven of these developed a partial @entity39 in that region, one flap underwent total @entity39 . @entity3194 fluoroscopy allows a detailed topographical analysis of flap perfusion and the prediction of @entity39 . Experimental findings presented a threshold value for the perfusion index of 25 % which could be confirmed in clinical application.

title: [Evaluation of perfusion in skin flaps by laser-induced XXXX fluorescence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green', 'Indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

answer: @entity3194 :: (MESH:D007208,Chemical) :: ['indocyanine green']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2621 ( @entity392 ) is the most common @entity1669 that may lead to @entity1375 due to progressive destruction of thyroid. The etiology of @entity392 is unclear. However, it is associated with multiple genetic predispositions. Consanguinity has been associated with an increased susceptibility to different inherited conditions. This study, for the first time, investigated the association between consanguinity and risk of @entity392 . METHODS: Using a case-control study design, we compared 298 @entity392 @entity1 with two subject groups; a) 299 @entity1 with @entity1375 , and b) 298 healthy control @entity1 . The three groups were age and gender matched. Presence of consanguinity among the parents was compared in these groups and odds ratios were calculated to establish a correlation. RESULTS: Consanguinity significantly increased the risk of @entity392 (compared to @entity392 ; odds ratio= 3.3, p<0.0001). In addition, consanguinity was a significant risk factor for @entity392 in @entity1375 @entity1 (odds ratio = 2.8, p<0.0001). However, the prevalence of consanguinity was not significantly different in @entity1375 @entity1 and @entity392 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the risk for @entity392 is increased in consanguineous unions, but no significant increase in the risk of @entity1375 was observed. However, for more precise risk estimates, larger studies that include different populations may be helpful. These findings highlight the health impact of consanguinity and have applications in empiric risk estimations in genetic counseling, particularly in countries with high rates of consanguineous marriages.    .

title: Consanguinity and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'non-HT hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'healthy subjects']

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's Thyroiditis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity900 is considered the standard regimen for @entity43 ( @entity43 ). A meta-analysis has shown that the incorporation of @entity8253 into first-line chemotherapy might improve long-term survival by 7-10%. We designed a phase I-II study in @entity1 with @entity43 using a combination of a fixed dose of @entity900 with @entity1311 and @entity1259 both given at escalating doses every 3 weeks. The objectives of this study were to determine both the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the antitumor activity of this combination. METHODS: Six different dose levels were planned. The starting doses were @entity900 75 mg/m2, @entity1311 140 mg/m2, and @entity1259 50 mg/m2. The doses of @entity1311 were escalated in 20-mg/m2 increments, alternating with 20-mg/m2 increments of @entity1259 . Ten @entity1 with @entity43 entered the phase I study. Three @entity1 each were enrolled at level I and level II and four @entity1 at level III, and at each level, 15 courses were administered. @entity1 received a median of five courses. RESULTS: Nonhematological @entity137 was generally mild, except for grade 3 @entity33 in one course at levels II and III, and grade 3 @entity391 in one course at levels I and III. @entity1503 were grade 3-4 @entity1398 in 60%, 47% and 60% of courses at levels I, II and III, respectively, and grade 3 @entity417 in one course at level III. At level III two of four @entity1 developed a dose-limiting @entity137 which was grade 4 @entity1398 lasting more than 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: The MTD was reached at level II with @entity900 75 mg/m2, @entity1311 160 mg/m2, and @entity1259 50 mg/m2. The phase II part of the study is currently ongoing.

title: XXXX and escalating doses of @entity1311 and @entity1259 in @entity43 . A phase I study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['AOC', 'advanced ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: A full-term 46,XY female newborn presented with @entity1576 due to a right-sided @entity2914 . During surgical repair, exploration revealed @entity5512 and @entity509 of the right lung. Neither gonads nor wolffian or m  llerian structures could be palpated. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated defects of the @entity67 , @entity509 of the right pulmonary artery, persistence of the left vena cava superior and a @entity2461 . Anthropometric data were normal at birth, but fell below the 3rd percentile during follow-up. Body proportions displayed a predominance of the upper compared to the lower segment. Endocrine studies indicated no defect of @entity134 biosynthesis and no functional gonadal tissue. Using genetic analyses of various loci within the testis-determining region of the Y chromosome, a mutation could not be detected. The @entity1 died from @entity55 at the age of 19 months. Postmortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of @entity444 .

title: XXXX in a 46,XY female with multiple malformations and positive testing for the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5512 :: ('MESH:D003914', 'Disease') :: ['isolated dextrocardia']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal agenesis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septum']

answer: @entity444 :: (MESH:D006059,Disease) :: ['Gonadal agenesis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We previously reported that Astragaloside IV (ASIV), a major active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge protects against @entity1283 in @entity35 induced by isoproterenol (Iso), however the mechanism underlying the protection remains unknown. Dysfunction of cardiac energy biosynthesis contributes to the @entity1184 and @entity14185 ( @entity14185 )/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-y Coactivator 1a ( @entity6229 ) signaling gets involved in the dysfunction. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which ASIV improves the @entity1283 with focuses on the @entity14185 / @entity6229 signaling mediated energy biosynthesis. Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 or Neonatal @entity35 Ventricular Myocytes (NRVMs) were treated with Iso alone or in combination with ASIV. The results showed that combination with ASIV significantly attenuated the pathological changes, reduced the ratios of heart weight/body weight and Left ventricular weight/body weight, improved the cardiac hemodynamics, down-regulated mRNA expression of @entity12579 (ANP) and @entity18107 ( @entity18107 ), increased the ratio of ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of Free Fat Acid (FFA) in heart tissue of @entity35 compared with Iso alone. In addition, pretreatment with ASIV significantly decreased the surface area and protein content, down-regulated mRNA expression of ANP and @entity18107 , increased the ratio of ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of FFA in NRVMs compared with Iso alone. Furthermore, ASIV increased the protein expression of @entity21099 and @entity6229 , inhibited translocation of @entity12149 , subunit of @entity14185 into nuclear fraction in both @entity35 and NRVMs compared with Iso alone. Parthenolide (Par), the specific inhibitor of @entity12149 , exerted similar effects as ASIV in NRVMs. Knockdown of @entity12149 with siRNA decreased the surface areas and increased @entity6229 expression of NRVMs compared with Iso alone. The results suggested that ASIV protects against Iso-induced @entity1283 through regulating @entity14185 / @entity6229 signaling mediated energy biosynthesis.

title: Astragaloside IV Protects against Isoproterenol-Induced @entity1283 by Regulating @entity14185 / XXXX Signaling Mediated Energy Biosynthesis.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity21099 :: ('245965(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ATP5D, subunit of ATP synthase']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Atrial Natriuretic Peptide']

entities_list: @entity18107 :: ('25105(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'Brain Natriuretic Peptide']

answer: @entity6229 :: (83516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PGC-1a']


abstract: AIM: This study describes the socio-professional outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and @entity458 with childhood-onset @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). METHODS: The study @entity1 (n=388), recruited from a nationwide registry (age: 28.5  3.1 years; @entity1723 duration: 17.0  2.7 years), completed a questionnaire (198 items); the results were compared with the French general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and Z scores matched for age, gender and period with/without education levels and patterns of family life. @entity2357 models also investigated correlates of @entity25405 and @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ). RESULTS: Compared with the French general population, education levels of @entity1 with @entity1723 were similar, with 68.6% having at least a high-school diploma or higher (SIR: 1.06, 95%  CI: 0.93; 1.20), as were also their patterns of family life. Unemployment was higher in @entity1723 @entity1 (15.3%, SIR: 1.50, 1.00; 2.05), but not in @entity1723 @entity1 (8.6%, SIR: 0.96, 0.51; 1.57). Social discrimination was more common (SIR: 5.64, 4.64; 6.62), and frequency of daily @entity285 consumption was higher (SIR: @entity1 , 3.34, 2.38; 4.54; @entity1 , 6.53, 4.57; 12.99). @entity25405 and @entity1032 were decreased moderately (mean  SD: 52.0  7.5; mean Z score: -0.2, 95% CI: -0.3; -0.1) and substantially (mean  SD: 42.1  12.4; mean Z score: -0.7, -0.8; -0.6), respectively. Fatigue and abandoning sports were predictive of a lower HRQOL. Both @entity1 and @entity1 were more frequently dissatisfied with their sex life. Prevalence of sexual problems was higher in @entity1 (SIR for: dysorgasmia, 1.91, 1.21-2.88; decreased/loss of desire: 2.11, 1.35-3.08), but similar in @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity2412 had preserved social outcomes, but altered HRQOL. CONCLUSION: Young adults with @entity1723 have satisfactory social participation. However, their higher @entity285 consumption, lower @entity1032 and frequent dissatisfaction with sexuality suggest a heavy impact of the disease on morale, especially in @entity1 . Improving the everyday well-being of these young adults represents a key challenge for @entity6 healthcare.

title: Long-term impact of childhood-onset XXXX on social life, quality of life and sexuality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Composite Scores', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexuality of adults']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Linear regression']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['T1D-related complications']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes']


abstract: Turbulent blood flow can occur downstream from a @entity850 . The purpose of this study was to quantitate turbulence intensity and its frequency characteristics in the ascending aorta in adult @entity1 with and without @entity849 , and to use extrasystoles to analyze the effects of changes in left ventricular function on turbulence. Turbulence intensity was determined from the digitized, high frequency oscillations seen in high fidelity pressure recordings of 25 @entity1 with @entity340 . The intensity of turbulence was quantitated as the root-mean-square (mmHg) of pressure fluctuations and as the total spectral power (mmHg2/beat) of the frequency spectrum between 25 Hz and 400 Hz. Frequency characteristics were summarized by the mean and median frequency of spectral power and partitioning the spectrum into 25 Hz segments. Ten adult @entity1 without aortic valve or outflow tract abnormalities served as controls. Adult @entity1 with @entity472 had significantly more turbulence in the ascending aorta than controls (total spectral power 1577 +/- 450 mmHg2 vs. 198 +/- 22 mmHg2, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the frequency distribution in @entity472 was biased towards higher frequencies (mean frequency 35 +/- 14 Hz vs 54 +/- 2 Hz, p < 0.001). Turbulence intensity in @entity472 demonstrated beat to beat modulation by left ventricular function. The total spectral power of a sinus beat was 1888 +/- 762 mmHg2, and fell to 137 +/- 63 mmHg2 in a weak premature beat, and rose to 3618 +/- 1178 mmHg2 in a potentiated post- extrasystolic beat (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Turbulence intensity in XXXX : frequency characteristics and effects of alterations in left ventricular function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['valvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endotracheal tube (ETT) obstruction, either complete or partial, is a serious life threatening complication in intubated @entity1 . Therefore, implementing a practical method to diagnose this condition is vital. Alteration in respiratory sound signals caused by ETT occlusion can be used for early detection of obstruction. This study is aimed to assess changes in respiratory sound signals after creation of different types of @entity5274 in an animal model experiment. Artificial internal @entity3885 were created in three different sizes and three different locations by stitching pieces of smaller tubes in ETTs with internal diameter of 8  mm. A microphone was used to record respiratory sounds during both spontaneous @entity1353 and mechanical ventilation in seven anesthetized @entity235 . The sound intensity levels produced by different grades and degrees of @entity3885 were measured and compared with those in non-obstructed tubes. During spontaneous @entity1353 , significant decrease in sound intensity level was detected even with the lowest grades of obstruction (p   =   0.003, 0.001, and 0.002, proximal, middle and distal @entity3885 , respectively). However, in mechanical ventilation, significant decrease in sound intensity was observed only in distal @entity5274 (p   =   0.037). The difference among levels of sound intensity produced by different obstruction locations of occlusion was not statistically significant (p   >=    0.090). Data analysis revealed that sound intensity level decreased significantly when the degree of obstruction increased. In addition, this change in sound level was not related to the location of obstruction. The decrease in sound intensity changes can be used to detect ETT obstruction. However, further studies are needed for clinical application.

title: Sound level analysis in endotracheal tube obstruction in spontaneous XXXX and mechanical ventilation-an animal model study.

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructions']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['tubal obstruction']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, single-cohort study. OBJECTIVES: To determine the immediate change in pulmonary function test (PFT) in @entity1 following @entity1635 surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The number of pediatric @entity1635 surgeries is increasing each year because of recent advances in spinal instrumentation, surgical techniques, and improved perioperative monitoring. Pulmonary function decreases immediately following @entity1635 surgery, but the extent of this decrease is not well documented in pediatric @entity1 . To use preoperative PFTs to assess the risk of @entity260 , knowledge of the postoperative decline in PFT is necessary. METHODS: We measured preoperative and daily postoperative PFT in 24 @entity1 who had @entity1635 surgery (age 12.7 +/- 2.7 [SD] years) from January 2002 to June 2003. There were 10 male and 14 female @entity1 . Two (8%) @entity1 had @entity1635 , 11 (46%) had @entity2112 , 9 (38%) had @entity1635 due to a @entity4094 , and 2 (8%) had @entity3792 . Fifteen (62%) @entity1 had posterior spinal fusion (PSF), 5 (21%) had @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), and 4 (17%) had both @entity1347 and PSF performed. PFT parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV1/FVC, and forced expiratory rate between 25% and 75% of FVC [FEF25%-75%]) were measured before surgery and daily after surgery by bedside spirometry until hospital discharge. RESULTS: @entity15795 declined up to 60% after surgery. The PFT nadir is at 3 days. PFT values remained significantly decreased at 1 week, with values at about half of preoperative baseline. No @entity1 required postoperative mechanical ventilation > or =3 days. There was no statistical significance between the degree of decline in PFT with etiology of either the @entity1635 or the type of surgery performed. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that @entity1 are still at risk for @entity260 as long as 1 week postoperatively and that PFTs do not return to near baseline until 1 to 2 months after surgery. The postoperative decrease in PFT should be considered during preoperative prediction of postoperative risk.

title: The effect of XXXX surgery on lung function in the immediate postoperative period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior spinal fusion', 'ASF']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Most of the disease-specific quality of life (QoL) measures for @entity29 ( @entity29 ) are lengthy and time consuming. None have been established for routine use in clinical practice. We designed this study to develop a short QoL measure in @entity29 . METHODS: A 32-item questionnaire, the @entity30 and @entity31 questionnaire (CUCQ)-32 was developed by reviewing the literature of the previously validated questionnaires and by consultation with @entity1 and experts. Construct validity was carried out using the Short Form 12 and the EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaires and two disease severity measures (the Simple Clinical @entity1960 Activity Index and the Harvey-Bradshaw Index). Test-retest analysis was done by asking @entity1 to complete the CUCQ questionnaire twice within a period of two weeks. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 205 @entity1 with @entity29 who completed the CUCQ-32. Psychometric analysis showed that Cronbach's a was 0.88, item-total correlations were good, and there were no ceiling or flooring effects. Stepwise regression identified eight items that accounted for >95% of the variance in the CUCQ-32. The resulting CUCQ-8 demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's a = 0.84), had good reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94), was well correlated with the EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire (r = 0.58) and the Short Form-12 (r = 0.65 for physical component and r = 0.63 for mental component), and was responsive to change (responsiveness ratio was 0.64, p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CUCQ-8 is a short questionnaire that has the potential to be an efficient tool for assessing the QoL of all @entity1 with @entity29 in clinical practice.

title: Development of a short questionnaire to assess the quality of life in XXXX and @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1821 of the spermatic cord is rare and frequently misdiagnosed. The standard therapeutic approach has been radical inguinal orchiectomy with wide local resection of surrounding soft tissues. The current trend of organ preservation in the treatment of several @entity5 has started to evolve. Herein we present our testis-sparing surgery experience in the treatment of spermatic @entity602 and a pooled analysis on this topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical information from @entity1 receiving organ-sparing surgery was described. Clinical studies evaluating this issue were identified by using a predefined search strategy, e.g., Pubmed database with no restriction on date of published papers. The literature search used the following terms: epidemiology , surgery , chemotherapy , radiotherapy , testis sparing surgery, spermatic @entity602 / @entity1821 . RESULTS: @entity1 received a complete excision of the lesion, preserving the spermatic cord and the testis. The final pathological report showed a well differentiated @entity1821 with negative surgical margins and no signs of local invasion. After 2-year of follow-up, there was no evidence of local recurrence. Since the first case reported in 1952, a total of about 200 well-documented spermatic @entity602 cases have been published in English literature. Among these @entity1 , only three instances were reported to have received an organ-sparing surgery in the treatment of spermatic @entity602 . CONCLUSIONS: Radical inguinal orchiectomy and resection of the @entity5 with a negative microscopic margin is the recommended treatment for @entity1821 of the spermatic cord. But for small, especially well-differentiated, lesions, testis-sparing surgery might be a good option if an adequate negative surgical margin is assured.

title: Organ-sparing Surgery in Treating XXXX with @entity1821 of the Spermatic Cord: Institutional Experience and Pooled Analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord sarcomas', 'cord liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma', 'Liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Abstract: @entity842 (NO) inhibits T cell proliferation. We demonstrate that the action of NO on T cell proliferation is different for Lewis and Brown Norway (BN) @entity35 . Splenocytes from Lewis @entity35 consistently showed higher proliferation against concanavalin A than splenocytes from BN @entity35 did. In contrast, NO production was higher in BN @entity35 than in Lewis @entity35 . A depletion of adherent cells increased proliferation in BN @entity35 to a level similar to that in Lewis @entity35 . Thus NO produced by adherent splenocytes could be considered to inhibit proliferation. The addition of @entity7293 , a potent inhibitor of NO production, increased proliferation in Lewis @entity35 , but much less so in BN @entity35 . Similar results were obtained by the addition of @entity3692 . It is surprising that, low doses of @entity1854 , an NO donor, increased proliferation in BN @entity35 but not in Lewis @entity35 . To investigate the mechanism of differential NO production between the two strains, splenocytes were stimulated with @entity3692 . The early signaling event evaluated by the phosphorylation of @entity30235 was similar in both strains, whereas @entity1506 ( @entity1506 ) mRNA expression seemed more sustained in BN @entity35 . Thus the differential production of NO might be related to the differential transcriptional regulation of @entity1506 . Altogether, genetic background might be involved in sensitivity to the inhibitory function of NO for T cell proliferation and NO production.

title: Genetic background determines sensitivity to the inhibitory function of NO on T cell proliferation and the amounts of NO production mediated through XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3692 :: ('25712(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1506 :: ('24599(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity3692 :: (25712(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of plasma level-targeted dose @entity2645 and high-dose @entity906 in @entity308 inpatients in a randomized double-blind study. METHODS: The study included 85 @entity1 with a diagnosis of major @entity308 according to the DSM IV criteria and a 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D) score >=  17. @entity1 were randomized to @entity2645 or @entity906 . The dose of @entity2645 was adjusted for each @entity1 to a predefined blood level of 200-300 ng/ml. The dose of @entity906 was increased gradually to 300-375 mg/day. Efficacy was evaluated after 7 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of the study group was 54.5 (range 29-82) years. There was no significant difference according to the primary outcome criterion of a >= 50% reduction on the HAM-D score: 17 of 43 (39.5%) @entity1 on @entity2645 were responders compared to 21 of 42 (50%) @entity1 on @entity906 . When considering remission as outcome criterion (HAM-D score  <= 7), 10 of 43 (23.3%) @entity1 on @entity2645 were remitters compared to 15 of 42 (35.7%) @entity1 on @entity906 ; again, no significant difference. When analysing a subpopulation of @entity1 without @entity716 features, with remission as outcome criterion, a significant difference was found: 5 of 34 (14.7%) @entity1 on @entity2645 were remitters compared to 12 of 31 (38.7%) @entity1 on @entity906 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study used optimal doses in @entity308 inpatients and showed that @entity906 is at least equal in efficacy to @entity2645 . The results in the subgroup without @entity716 features indicate a possible superiority of @entity906 .

title: A double-blind randomized study comparing plasma level-targeted dose @entity2645 and high-dose @entity906 in XXXX inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: Regulation of @entity32 is necessary to balance sufficient pathogen clearance with @entity3145 . Central to regulating @entity32 is the switch from a pro-inflammatory pathway to an anti-inflammatory pathway. Macrophages are well-positioned to initiate this switch, and as such are the target of multiple therapeutics. One such potential therapeutic is @entity25046 ( @entity8642 ), which inhibits @entity310 production following @entity558 stimulation. We found that @entity8642 could block @entity310 production by multiple TLR ligands. Further, it prevented surface expression of @entity7986 and @entity2937 and reduced NF-KB signaling. We then determined that the mechanism of this action by @entity8642 is signaling through @entity859 A2 receptors. A2 receptors and TLR receptors synergized to promote an anti-inflammatory phenotype, as @entity8642 enhanced @entity558 tolerance. In contrast, @entity1356 production and processing was not affected by @entity8642 exposure. Taken together, these data demonstrate that @entity8642 reprograms TLR activation pathways via @entity859 receptors to promote @entity32 .

title: @entity25046 reprograms macrophage activation through XXXX receptor stimulation.

entities_list: @entity25046 :: ('CHEBI:17509', 'Chemical') :: ['methylthioadenosine']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'resolution of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['excessive tissue damage']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To discuss the usefulness of CT scan in initial management of well tolerated @entity130 and the place of tracheoscopy. METHODS: We report our experience of three cases treated for @entity397 resulting from three different mechanisms and review the literature. Three @entity1 , aged 4 to 10 years, were referred to our institution for @entity397 . Two of them presented with @entity9285 after a minor @entity130 , the third was a @entity1230 referred after a severe @entity11378 and was already intubated. We emphasise the importance of an initial CT scan, as this allowed us twice to confirm the tracheal wound prior to tracheoscopy. We discuss the necessity of performing a tracheoscopy in the case of a well tolerated lesion, as this procedure clearly worsened the ventilatory state in one of our cases. Moreover, one of our cases illustrates the fact that even a minor @entity130 can lead to life-threatening respiratory distress. All the lesions observed in our study were linear and were managed by thoracic drainage; they were then closely monitored and required no further surgical procedure. CONCLUSION: @entity397 in @entity1 can result from minor cervical @entity130 and in such cases special attention must be paid to mild discomfort or @entity9285 on admission. Initial CT scan can be very helpful in visualising the level of the @entity397 and its consequences with respect to the @entity358 . One can question the necessity for tracheoscopy in well tolerated lesion, as its results do not always improve the therapeutic outcome.

title: @entity130 by @entity130 in XXXX : is emergency tracheobronchoscopy always necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheobronchial rupture', 'tracheobronchial rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial injuries', 'traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The entity of @entity2742 has never been clearly investigated. The authors believe that the incidence of pathologic abnormalities of the parathyroid glands before the development of any symptoms or @entity2741 (serum @entity460 > 12.0 mg/dl) is more frequent than has been reported. Over a 14-year period, parathyroid glands were examined during thyroid operations in over 800 patients. Serum @entity460 and phosphorous levels were measured in all @entity1 preoperatively. Thirty-six @entity1 had additional parathyroid operations for a preclinical form of @entity2742 , defined by abnormal appearing parathyroid glands at the time of thyroid surgery. None of the 36 @entity1 had symptoms of @entity2742 preoperatively. Nine @entity1 had borderline @entity2741 (serum @entity460 10.6 to 12.0 mg/dl), and the remainder were considered normocalcemic. The average age was 53 (range 21 to 75) with a male to female ratio of 1:3. Nine of the 36 @entity1 had @entity259 . There were eight @entity1 with @entity3243 and 28 @entity1 with @entity3243 . Of 13 @entity1 who had a history of neck irradiation, five had @entity3243 and eight had @entity3243 . Only two @entity1 with @entity3243 remain on @entity460 medication. Since preoperative normocalcemia does not preclude the presence of parathyroid pathology, the authors urge careful identification and examination of the parathyroid glands during thyroid operations. It adds little time to the procedure. Excision of @entity8611 along with the thyroid gland can be performed safely and prevents the need for further operation with its associated morbidity.

title: Incidental XXXX identified during thyroid operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['preclinical hyperparathyroidism', 'hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['preclinical hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Blast energy-induced @entity130 usually result in some type of amputations of lower extremities. It is very hard to determine the amputation level of the feet of these cases at first, and secondary amputation stump revisions by bone shortening are often necessary. Among partial foot amputation levels, Chopart level is the most critical. Four male @entity1 (20 to 24 years old) with modified Chopart amputation due to mine explosion injury have had skin-grafted amputation stumps where troublesome, recurrent unstable wounds had developed. These amputation stumps were electively reconstructed with @entity4957 from unaffected feet without any bone shortening. All the transferred flaps survived and adapted to stumps well, and @entity1 were ambulated at the second month by wearing on the original prosthesis after minimal adjustments. At the follow-up period (6 months to 2 years), no skin @entity9 was evident. Monofilament (Semmes-Weinstein) tests revealed diminished light touch in two @entity1 and diminished protective sensation in another two @entity1 at the sixth month. Temporary donor foot @entity158 , which existed by walking for 3 months, may be due partly to absence of @entity1411 supporting the plantar arc. We suggest that amputation level of Chopart is the most critical of partial foot amputations in young @entity1 and should be reconstructed with flaps if there is not sufficient soft-tissue coverage of amputation stump; free @entity4957 would be the primary choice with its advantages.

title: Salvage of foot amputation stumps of Chopart level by free XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensorial medial plantar flap', 'neurosensorial free medial plantar flaps']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fascia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['breakdown of the stumps']

answer: @entity4957 :: (MESH:D020429,Disease) :: ['medial plantar flap']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize electromyographic abnormalities according to symptoms (asymptomatic, @entity1295 , pseudobotulism) reported 1 month after botulinum toxin injection. DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center study comparing single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) in the @entity2003 ( @entity2003 ) or orbicularis oculi (OO) muscles. SETTING: Hospital. @entity1 : Four groups of adults treated for @entity508 or neurologic @entity1494 (N=55): control group (asymptomatic @entity1 : n=17), @entity1295 group (unusual @entity1295 with no weakness: n=15), pseudobotulism group ( @entity425 and/or visual disturbance: n=20), and @entity6938 group (from intensive care unit of the same hospital: n=3). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean jitter, percentage of pathologic fibers, and percentage of blocked fibers were compared between groups. RESULTS: SFEMG was abnormal for 17.6% of control @entity1 and 75% of @entity1 in the pseudobotulism group. There were no differences between the control and @entity1295 groups. Mean jitter, percentage of pathologic fibers, and percentage of blocked fibers of the @entity2003 muscle were significantly higher in the pseudobotulism group than in the @entity1295 and control groups. There were no differences between groups for the OO muscle. The SFEMG results in the @entity6938 group were qualitatively similar to those of the pseudobotulism group. CONCLUSIONS: SFEMG of the @entity2003 muscle confirmed diffusion of the toxin into muscles distant from the injection site in the pseudobotulism group. SFEMG in the OO muscle is not useful for the diagnosis of diffusion. No major signs of diffusion of botulinum toxin type A were found away from the injection site in @entity1 with @entity1295 but no motor weakness. Such @entity1295 may be related to other mechanisms.

title: Single-Fiber Electromyography Analysis of Botulinum Toxin Diffusion in XXXX With Fatigue and Pseudobotulism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['EDC', 'extensor digitorum communis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Objective: Plasma uric acid (PUA) is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular and @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , but is less well understood in @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). Our aim was to compare PUA levels and fractional UA excretion (FEUA) in @entity1 with @entity1723 vs. @entity23 ( @entity23 ) during euglycemia and @entity4854 . Methods: PUA, FEUA, blood pressure (BP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR-inulin) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF - paraaminohippurate) were evaluated in @entity1 with @entity1723 (n=66) during clamped euglycemia (glucose 4-6 mmol/L) and @entity4854 (9-11 mmol/L), and in @entity23 (n=41) during euglycemia. To separate the effects of @entity4854 vs. increased @entity10200 , parameters were evaluated during clamped euglycemia in a subset of @entity1723 @entity1 before and after @entity31504 inhibition for 8 weeks. Results: PUA was lower in @entity1723 vs. @entity23 (228  62   mol/L vs. 305  75  mol/L, p<0.0001). In @entity1723 , @entity4854 further decreased PUA (228  62  mol/L to 199  65  mol/L, p<0.0001), which was accompanied by an increase in FEUA (7.3  3.8 to 11.6  6.7, p<0.0001). In @entity1723 , PUA levels correlated positively with @entity13519 (p=0.029) and negatively with ERPF (p=0.031) and GFR (p=0.028). After induction of @entity10200 with @entity31504 inhibition while maintaining clamped euglycemia, PUA decreased (p<0.0001) and FEUA increased (p<0.0001). Conclusions: PUA is lower in @entity1723 vs. @entity23 , and positively correlates with @entity13519 and negatively with GFR and ERPF in @entity1723 . @entity10200 rather than @entity4854 increases uricosuria in @entity1723 . Future studies examining the effect of UA lowering therapies should account for the impact of ambient glycemia, which causes an important uricosuric effect.

title: XXXX -mediated urinary uric acid excretion in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria', 'Glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity10200 :: (MESH:D006029,Disease) :: ['Glycosuria']


abstract: Proximal @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) is a common motor @entity528 caused by mutation of the telomeric survival of motor neuron gene @entity11280 . The centromeric survival of motor neuron @entity23247 gene is retained in all @entity2057 @entity1 but does not produce sufficient @entity11280 protein to prevent the development of clinical symptoms. The @entity11280 and @entity23247 genes differ functionally by a single @entity377 change. This change affects the efficiency with which exon 7 is incorporated into the mRNA transcript. Thus, @entity23247 produces less full-length mRNA and protein than @entity11280 . We have screened a library of compounds in order to identify ones that can alter the splicing pattern of the @entity23247 gene. Here, we report that the compound @entity30021 increases the retention of exon 7 into the @entity23247 transcript. We show that @entity30021 effectively induces incorporation of exon 7 into @entity23247 transcripts from the endogenous gene in type I @entity2057 fibroblasts as well as into transcripts from a @entity23247 minigene in the motor neuron cell line NSC34. In type I fibroblasts, treatment resulted in an increase in @entity11280 protein and gems to normal levels. Our results suggest that alteration of splicing pattern represents a new approach to modification of gene expression in disease treatment and demonstrate the feasibility of high throughput screens to detect compounds that affect the splicing pattern of a gene.

title: XXXX treatment restores @entity11280 levels to cells derived from @entity2057 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30021 :: ('MESH:D015250', 'Chemical') :: ['aclarubicin']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron disorder']

answer: @entity30021 :: (MESH:D015250,Chemical) :: ['Aclarubicin']


abstract: End-stage @entity1121 (ES-HC) has an ominous prognosis. Whether genotype can influence ES-HC occurrence is unresolved. We assessed the spectrum and clinical correlates of HC-associated mutations in a large multicenter cohort with end-stage ES-HC. Sequencing analysis of 8 sarcomere genes ( @entity9741 , @entity18963 , @entity6949 , @entity10020 , @entity10858 , @entity18964 , @entity9742 , and @entity42696 ) and 2 metabolic genes ( @entity20681 and @entity3607 ) was performed in 156 ES-HC @entity1 with left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) <50%. A comparison among mutated and negative ES-HC @entity1 and a reference cohort of 181 HC @entity1 with preserved LVEF was performed. Overall, 131 mutations (36 novel) were identified in 104 ES-HC @entity1 (67%) predominantly affecting @entity9741 and @entity18963 (80%). Complex genotypes with double or triple mutations were present in 13% compared with 5% of the reference cohort (p  = 0.013). The distribution of mutations was otherwise indistinguishable in the 2 groups. Among ES-HC @entity1 , those presenting at first evaluation before the age of 20 had a 30% prevalence of complex genotypes compared with 19% and 21% in the subgroups aged 20 to 59 and >= 60  years (p  = 0.003). @entity18963 mutation carriers with ES-HC were older than @entity1 with @entity9741 , other single mutations, or multiple mutations (median 41 vs 16, 26, and 28  years, p  <=0.001). Outcome of ES-HC @entity1 was severe irrespective of genotype. In conclusion, the ES phase of HC is associated with a variable genetic substrate, not distinguishable from that of @entity1 with HC and preserved EF, except for a higher frequency of complex genotypes with double or triple mutations of sarcomere genes.

title: Significance of sarcomere gene mutations analysis in the end-stage phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nanocomposite coatings offer multiple functions simultaneously to improve the interfacial properties of @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) alloys for skeletal implant applications, e.g., controlling the degradation rate of @entity4612 substrates, improving bone cell functions, and providing drug delivery capability. However, the effective service time of nanocomposite coatings may be limited due to their early delamination from the @entity4612 -based substrates. Therefore, the objective of this study was to address the delamination issue of nanocomposite coatings, improve the coating properties for reducing the degradation of @entity4612 -based substrates, and thus improve their cytocompatibility with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The surface conditions of the substrates, @entity8038 , and post-deposition processing are the key parameters that contribute to the efficacy of the nanocomposite coatings in regulating substrate degradation and bone cell responses. Specifically, the effects of metallic surface versus alkaline heat-treated @entity2145 surface of the substrates on coating quality were investigated. For the nanocomposite coatings, nanophase hydroxyapatite (nHA) was dispersed in three types of biodegradable polymers, i.e., @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ), @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ), or @entity4351 ( @entity4351 ) to determine which polymer component could provide integrated properties for slowest @entity4612 degradation. The nanocomposite coatings with or without post-deposition processing, i.e., melting, annealing, were compared to determine which processing route improved the properties of the nanocomposite coatings most significantly. The results showed that optimizing the coating processes addressed the delamination issue. The melted then annealed nHA/ @entity4351 coating on the metallic @entity4612 substrates showed the slowest degradation and the @entity8038 , among all the combinations of conditions studied; and, it improved the adhesion density of BMSCs. This study elucidated the key parameters for optimizing nanocomposite coatings on @entity4612 -based substrates for skeletal implant applications, and provided rational design guidelines for the nanocomposite coatings on @entity4612 alloys for potential clinical translation of biodegradable @entity4612 -based implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscript describes the systemic optimization of nanocomposite coatings to control the degradation and bioactivity of @entity1760 for skeletal implant applications. The key parameters influencing the integrity and functions of the nanocomposite coatings on @entity1760 were identified, guidelines for the optimization of the coatings were established, and the benefits of coating optimization were demonstrated through reduced @entity1760 degradation and increased bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) adhesion in vitro. The guidelines developed in this manuscript are valuable for the biometal field to improve the design of bioresorbable implants and devices, which will advance the clinical translation of @entity1760 -based implants.

title: A systemic study on key parameters affecting nanocomposite coatings on XXXX substrates.

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['polymer component type of the nanocomposite coatings', 'best coating adhesion']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(l-lactic acid)']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(caprolactone)', 'PCL']

entities_list: @entity2145 :: ('MESH:C031356', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: @entity17974 ( @entity17975 ) is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, dyes and pigments, cleaning and agricultural chemicals, and rubber. It has been identified as a by-product of fermentation in foods and has been detected in mainstream and side stream @entity286 smoke. @entity17975 was studied because of its high potential for @entity1 exposure. Groups of 50 male and 50 female F344/ @entity35 were fed diets containing 0-, 625-, 1,250-, or 2,500 ppm @entity17975 (males) or 0-, 1,250-, 2,500-, or 5,000 ppm @entity17975 (females) for 106 weeks. Based on the food consumption the calculated average daily doses were approximately 30, 55, or 115 mg @entity17975 /kg body weight to males and 60, 120, or 250 mg @entity17975 /kg to females. Survival of all exposed groups of males and females was similar to that of the control groups. The mean body weights of males in the 1,250- and 2,500 ppm groups and females in the 2,500- and 5,000 ppm groups were less than those of the control groups throughout the study. Feed consumption by 5,000 ppm females was less than that by the controls. @entity410 , @entity2146 , @entity2915 , and impaired gait were observed primarily in 2,500- and 5,000 ppm females. The incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia in the 5,000 ppm females was significantly greater than that in the controls. The incidences of @entity99 , @entity32 , and focal fatty change were significantly increased in all exposed groups of male and female @entity35 . The incidences of hepatocellular eosinophilic and mixed cell foci were significantly increased in 2,500 ppm males and 5,000 ppm females. Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 @entity19 were fed diets containing 0-, 312-, 625-, or 1,250 ppm @entity17975 for 106 weeks. Based on the food consumption the calculated average daily doses were approximately 40, 80, or 170 mg @entity17975 /kg body weight to males and females. Survival of all exposed groups of males and females was similar to that of the control groups. Mean body weights of males and females in the 1,250 ppm groups and that in the 312- and 625 ppm females were less than those of the control groups. Feed consumption by exposed groups of male and female @entity19 was similar to that by the controls. The incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma in all exposed groups of females, @entity133 in 1,250 ppm males, and alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma or @entity189 (combined) in 1,250 ppm males and 625- and 1,250 ppm females were significantly greater than those in the control groups. The incidence of @entity2543 was significantly increased in the 1,250 ppm females. @entity17975 is carcinogenic inducing alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma and @entity189 in male and female @entity19 . @entity17975 may also induce mononuclear cell leukemia in female @entity35 .

title: Toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of @entity17974 in F344/ @entity35 and B6C3F1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar/bronchiolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['excitability']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity17974 :: ('MESH:C023439', 'Chemical') :: ['4-Methylimidazole']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate local inflammatory events within the colonic muscularis as a causative factor of @entity86 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Surgically induced @entity32 has been hypothesized as a mechanism for @entity86 . The colon is a crucial component for recovery of gastrointestinal motor function after surgery but remains unaddressed. The authors hypothesize that colonic manipulation initiates inflammatory events that directly mediate postoperative smooth @entity121 . METHODS: @entity35 underwent colonic manipulation. In vivo transit and colonic motility was estimated using geometric center analysis and intraluminal pressure monitoring. Leukocyte extravasation was investigated in muscularis whole mounts. Mediator mRNA expression was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In vitro circular muscle contractility was assessed in a standard organ bath. The relevance of @entity1506 and @entity4665 inhibition was determined using DFU or L-NIL perfusion. RESULTS: Colonic manipulation resulted in a massive leukocyte recruitment and an increase in inflammatory mRNA expression. This inflammatory response was associated with an impairment of in vivo motor function and an inhibition of in vitro smooth muscle contractility (56%). L-NIL but not DFU significantly ameliorated smooth @entity121 . CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidence for a surgically initiated local inflammatory cascade within the colonic muscularis that mediates smooth @entity121 , which contributes to @entity86 .

title: XXXX ileus in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal muscularis inflammation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle dysfunction']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Colonic postoperative inflammatory']


abstract: Meat inspection records in an abattoir located in Shiraz, a city in southwest Iran and the capital of Fars province, during a 5-year period from 20 March 1999 to 19 March 2004 were used to determine the prevalence of @entity8434 in @entity742 , @entity291 , and @entity1237 in the region. A total of 844,039 animals ( @entity291 131,716; @entity742 577,090; @entity1237 135,233) slaughtered in the 5-year period and overall 34,856 (4.1%) livers and 123,402 (14.62%) lungs were condemned. @entity8434 was responsible for 28.7 and 15.4% of total livers and lungs condemnations, respectively. The overall trend for all livestock and in both organs was a significant downward one. The annual prevalence of liver condemnations due to @entity8434 was decreased from 2.1, 1.8, and 1.0% in 1999-2000 to 0.62, 0.33, and 0.20% in 2003-2004 for @entity291 , @entity742 , and @entity1237 , respectively. The corresponding features for lung condemnation due to @entity8434 were relatively higher than liver, declining from 3.0, 4.6, and 4.4% in 1999-2000 to 1.3, 1.5, and 0.56% in 2003-2004, for @entity291 , @entity742 , and @entity1237 , respectively. Greater awareness among farmers, destruction of organs containing hydatid cysts, prevention of access of @entity235 to raw offals and implementation of national rabies control program could be responsible factors. Data showed significant seasonal pattern for @entity8434 in all species. @entity409 due to @entity8434 were higher in the spring and summer for @entity742 , whereas lung condemnations were higher in summer for both @entity742 and @entity1237 . @entity409 in @entity291 were higher in winter. This could be attributed to various factors such as sources of slaughtered animals, changes in management practice and ecological factors. The overall trend was relatively the same when annual condemnations were adjusted for the effect of seasonal variation. The present survey provides baseline data for the future monitoring of this potentially important parasitic disease in the region.

title: A retrospective survey of XXXX in livestock in Shiraz, Iran, based on abattoir data during 1999-2004.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver and lung condemnations', 'Liver condemnations']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Hydatidosis', 'hydatidosis']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['hydatidosis']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between heart rate recovery ( @entity37199 ) and endothelial function in @entity28 @entity1 with the @entity209 . The @entity209 has been associated with increased cardiometabolic risk including @entity409 . However, measurement of endothelial function via @entity384 ( @entity384 ) requires expensive equipment and qualified medical personnel, and therefore may be impractical in some healthcare settings. Heart rate recovery ( @entity37199 ) has predictive utility with respect to endothelial function in individuals with suspected @entity453 and individuals with the @entity209 also have elevated risk for developing @entity453 . Thirty-one @entity28 , sedentary @entity1 (age: 47.7  11.2 yr, mean  SD) who met the International @entity6 Federation criteria for the @entity209 underwent a brachial artery ultrasound to determine @entity384 and @entity12118 -mediated dilation (NTG). @entity37199 was assessed during 5 min of active recovery following a standardized VO(2 Peak) treadmill protocol. Results revealed that the % @entity384 was not correlated to @entity37199 when examined across all @entity1 (r= 0.067, p=0.72). However, this relationship was significant in @entity1 with impaired @entity384 (n=16, % @entity384 <6%) (r=0.71, p=0.002). Although @entity37199 may be a significant correlate of @entity384 in @entity1 with the @entity209 and with prevalent @entity409 , it was not a significant correlate across all @entity1 with the @entity209 . The present data do not support the use of @entity37199 as a possible screening tool for @entity409 in @entity28 @entity1 with the @entity209 .

title: Heart rate recovery does not predict endothelial function in @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated @entity272 with unknown etiology, with an epidermal turnover time of <10 days compared to a normal turnover time of 4-8 weeks. This epidermal hyperproliferation accounts for many of the metabolic abnormalities including alteration in the serum levels of proteins and some trace elements. AIM: The aim was to detect any statistically significant difference in the serum levels of @entity219 , @entity920 , albumin, globulin and alkaline phosphatase between @entity1569 @entity1 and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hundred cases of @entity1569 and 100 age and sex matched controls were enrolled in a hospital based case-control study. The serum levels of @entity219 , @entity920 , albumin, globulin and alkaline phosphatase were calculated and compared among the cases and controls and evaluated statistically. RESULTS: Serum @entity219 levels were significantly low in the @entity1569 group as compared with controls (mean 80.028  g/dl vs. 109.179  g/dl, P < 0.0001). Serum @entity920 levels were significantly raised among cases as compared with controls (mean 167.317  g/dl vs. 133.884  g/dl P < 0.0001). Serum albumin levels were significantly decreased (3.762 g/dl vs. 4.103 g/dl, P < 0.001), whereas serum globulin levels were raised (3.296 g/dl vs. 2.596 g/dl, P = 0.0014) among cases as compared with controls, respectively. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show significant alterations in the serum levels of @entity920 , @entity219 , albumin, and globulin in psoriatic @entity1 . This paper aims at highlighting the possible role of trace metals @entity920 and @entity219 in the aetiopathogenesis of @entity1569 and also provides a proposed interplay of factors involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 .

title: Comparison of levels of serum @entity920 , XXXX , albumin, globulin and alkaline phosphatase in psoriatic @entity1 and controls: A hospital based casecontrol study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reperfusion strategies salvage myocardium at risk in acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ). This clinical study was performed to determine whether areas without evidence of delayed MRI contrast enhancement in @entity583 correspond to viability by means of percent systolic wall thickening (%SWT) and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in chronic @entity1188 . METHODS: Twenty MRI studies were performed in ten @entity1 within 6 days of @entity583 and 3 months @entity583 . On a segmental basis the percentage of viable myocardium as defined by contrast-enhanced MRI (no delayed MRI contrast enhancement) in acute @entity583 was measured and was compared with %SWT and @entity121 in chronic @entity583 . RESULTS: Of the 1718 segments in acute @entity1188 in which the percentage of viable myocardium was measured 1333 were found to be completely viable by means of contrast-enhanced MRI (no delayed MRI contrast enhancement). All of these segments revealed %SWT on day 90 @entity583 , and 97% of segments were viable by means of an @entity121 of more than 5.5 mm. In 85 segments the proportion of viable myocardium was 50-99% (mean 56+/-8%), with 92% segments found to be viable by means of %SWT and 92% by @entity121 , and of 156 segments with viable myocardium between 1-49% (36+/-8%) 79% were found to be viable by means of %SWT and 82% by @entity121 . Corresponding proportions of 144 segments with transmural delayed MRI contrast enhancement in acute @entity583 were 45% and 17%. CONCLUSIONS: In acute reperfused @entity583 viable myocardium as delineated by contrast-enhanced MRI is correlated with clinical parameters of viability. Delayed MRI contrast enhancement resolves nontransmural @entity583 and may become a valuable clinical tool when planning revascularization procedures.

title: Detection of myocardial viability in acute XXXX using contrast-enhanced (1)H magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['EDWT', 'enddiastolic wall thickness']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the alternating administration of natural (n) @entity3027 and recombinant (r) @entity379 for metastatic @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study comprised 24 @entity1 (median age 60 years, range 42-77), 20 of whom were evaluable for response and all 24 evaluable for @entity137 . Initially, nIFN-alpha was administered subcutaneously on days 1 and 3, and @entity3692 , for 1-2 weeks in the evening or at night, both at doses of 3 MU. If this regimen was tolerated, nIFN-alpha and @entity3692 were administered at the same doses on days 1, 3 and 5, and on days 2 and 4, respectively. RESULTS: There were three complete remissions and two partial remissions, giving a total response rate of 25%. All responders (complete plus partial remission) had undergone nephrectomy. Multiple lung metastases completely disappeared from four responders. The median and maximum time to remission in the responders were 2 and 7 months, respectively. The survival time of the responders was significantly longer than that of those not responding (stable and progressive disease, P=0.0202). @entity137 were mostly limited to WHO grades 1 and 2, with grade 3 @entity1210 and grade 4 @entity409 in only one @entity1 each. These @entity137 were transient and there were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The alternating administration of nIFN-alpha and @entity3692 is an effective treatment for metastatic @entity1358 . This treatment is particularly suitable for @entity1 who have undergone nephrectomy and have lung metastases.

title: Preliminary results of the alternating administration of natural interferon-alpha and recombinant @entity379 for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-alpha']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the 10 year mortality in @entity1 with suspected @entity583 . DESIGN: Follow up of all @entity1 below 76 years of age admitted with acute @entity662 to 16 coronary care units participating in the Danish verapamil @entity1188 trial in 1979-81. SUBJECTS: Of the 5993 @entity1 included, 2586 had definite @entity1188 , 402 had probable @entity1188 , and 3005 did not have @entity1188 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Death and cause of @entity204 . Standardised mortality ratio (observed mortality/expected mortality in background population). RESULTS: The estimated 10 year mortalities were 58.8%, 55.5%, and 42.8% in @entity1 with definite, probable, and no @entity1188 , respectively (P < 0.0001). Stratified Cox's analysis identified a hazard ratio for mortality of 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.44) for probable @entity1188 compared with no @entity1188 compared with probable @entity1188 . The standardised mortality ratio in the first year was 7.1 (6.5 to 7.8) for definite @entity1188 , 5.0 (3.6 to 6.3) for probable @entity1188 , and 4.7 (4.2 to 5.2) for no @entity1188 . From the second year and onwards the annual standardised mortality ratio in the three groups did not differ significantly. Cardiac causes of @entity204 were recorded in 89%, 84%, and 71% of the @entity204 in @entity1 with definite, probable, and no @entity1188 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The 10 year mortality of @entity1 with and without @entity1188 is significantly higher than in the background population. Most @entity204 are caused by @entity301 , and these @entity1 should consequently be further evaluated at the time of discharge and followed up closely.

title: Ten year mortality in @entity1 with suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction and of 1.15 (1.00 to 1.32) for definite', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: It has been proposed that squamous @entity189 with 1 mm or less of stromal invasion can be treated with local resection without inguinal node dissection. A retrospective review of 255 cases of stages I and II @entity189 demonstrated 24 cases of minimally @entity189 . All cases were subjected to detailed chart review and pathologic confirmation. Mean age at diagnosis was 60 years. Seven @entity1 had a preoperative diagnosis of preinvasive disease, ten had stage I disease, and seven had @entity34 . Fifteen cases had associated @entity189 in situ. Treatment consisted of local excision in 2 @entity1 , radical wide excision in 11, hemivulvectomy in 5, and radical vulvectomy in 6. Eleven @entity1 had either unilateral or bilateral inguinal node dissection. Five-year life-table survival was 89%. Four @entity1 (17%) developed recurrent @entity1141 and four (17%) developed invasive recurrences. One invasive recurrence was in an inguinal node in a @entity1 previously treated with a hemivulvectomy and negative ipsilateral superficial node dissection. Univariate analysis revealed no statistically significant associations between recurrence and age, symptom duration, margin status, location, FIGO stage, or coexisting @entity13711 . Large areas of coexisting @entity1141 and variable gross appearance make meaningful application of FIGO staging criteria difficult in lesions with minimal focal invasion. Wide excision or radical wide excision of lesions with "high-risk" @entity13711 or those showing less than or equal to 1 mm of stromal invasion on biopsy is adequate therapy. If final pathologic review demonstrates deeper invasion, a selective lymph node dissection can be performed as a second procedure. Careful surveillance with liberal use of colposcopy and biopsies is indicated in these @entity1 .

title: Minimally invasive XXXX : an indication for conservative surgical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['vulvar carcinoma']


abstract: The investigation of @entity6587 (b.h.) represents the basic diagnostic test in asthmatics. In 515 asymptomatic pediatric and adolescent asthmatics (age 6-23 years) divided into various subgroups according to the study purposes, b.h. as an induced @entity1224 was assessed after inhalations of a single dose of @entity934 (3 mg), @entity112 (3 mg), @entity2421 and @entity4372 solutions with jet nebulizer. B.h. was also studied following inhalations of distilled and mineral water, physiologic solution with ultrasonic nebulizer, and 5 min. free running outdoors. The induced @entity1224 was assessed by parameters measured from maximum expiratory flow-volume curve. The most potent stimuli were the inhaled @entity934 (3 mg) and 5 min. free running outdoors. By the latter two tests similar incidence and magnitude of b.h. were revealed in our asthmatics without @entity1224 as well as with a mild obstruction (MEF50 and MEF25 below lower limits of predicted before both tests). For both tests ( @entity934 and 5 min. free running), recommended in practice, were given the expected limits of lung function parameters before starting the tests. The values of the parameters before the onset of provocation tests were unreliable predictors of the induced @entity1224 in our asthmatics. B. h. was also assessed in 426 healthy 9-years old @entity1 by inhalation of 1% @entity5402 (mean dose: 2.57 +/- 0.7 mg). Various lung function parameters showed different incidence of b.h. in the latter @entity1 . Both values of one- second vital capacity and respiratory resistance (interruption technique) revealed b.h. in 46% of our healthy @entity1 (decline of parameters more than 20%). Other parameters measured, except peak expiratory flow, proved b.h. more frequently. In the article the problems of respiratory resistance measured by interruption technique and higher incidence of b.h. in the studied healthy @entity1 are outlined.

title: [ @entity6587 in pediatric and adolescent asthmatics and healthy XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Two hundred and forty consecutive @entity1 with recurrent lower @entity360 were studied by colonoscopic examination. These included 187 adults and 53 @entity1 . The procedure was successful either in identifying the lesion or in excluding it up to the cecum in 216 (90% @entity1 ). The source of @entity548 was identified in 138 (74%) adults and 43 (81%) @entity1 . Predominant lesions in adults were nonspecific @entity1960 and @entity1066 (58%), @entity1127 (19%), @entity5 (10%), rectal varices (4%) and @entity378 (3%). @entity1127 (77%) and nonspecific @entity1960 and @entity1066 (23%) were the cause of @entity548 in @entity1 . Both in adults and @entity1 , 92% of these lesions involved the left colon. Rectum and sigmoid colon were mainly involved. @entity66 were seen when nonspecific @entity1960 and @entity1066 were the source of @entity548 . Thus colonoscopic examination was useful in localizing the cause of @entity548 and the predominant lesions were different from those reported in the Western hemisphere.

title: Colonoscopy for unexplained lower XXXX in a tropical country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']