abstract: @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) need feeder cells for their maintenance in an undifferentiated state. In conventional culture systems, @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) serve as feeder cells to maintain hESCs. However, the use of MEFs elevates the risk of transmitting @entity19 pathogens and thus limits the potential of hESCs in cell replacement therapy. Consequently, the use of @entity1 feeder cells would be an important step forward in this in vitro technology. To address this issue, we used fibroblast-like cells differentiated from the Miz- @entity58124 hESC line (DiffMiz- @entity58124 ) as feeder cells to support the in vitro growth of three hESC lines. Immunofluorescence microscopy and reverse transcription-PCR assessing the expression of undifferentiated hESC markers revealed all three hESC lines were maintained in an undifferentiated state. In vitro proliferation proceeded as efficiently as when the hESCs were cultured on MEFS. Moreover, karyotype analysis revealed the chromosomal normality of the hESC lines and the DiffMiz- @entity58124 feeders themselves after even 50 passages. Furthermore, the hESC lines maintained their pluripotency since they remained capable of forming embryoid bodies (EBs) in vitro. Thus, hESC-derived fibroblast-like cells successfully support in vitro hESC propagation.

title: Efficient culture system for @entity1 embryonic stem cells using autologous XXXX embryonic stem cell-derived feeder cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND Epithelioid @entity8146 (EHE) is a rare @entity5 . We present a single-center study on hepatic EHE cases treated by @entity99 ( @entity99 ) or liver transplantation (LT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Six @entity99 @entity1 with hepatic EHE were identified during 5 years from 2010 to 2014; EHE represented 0.13% (6 of 4572) of all primary @entity96 . Two LT recipients were also identified during 12 years from 2003 to 2014, who represented 0.06% (2 of 3576) of all adult LT @entity1 . RESULTS Mean age of the @entity1 was 42.3  11.2 years and 7 were female. Preoperative diagnoses based on imaging studies were suspected liver @entity3 or EHE; thus, all @entity1 underwent liver biopsy. The extent of @entity99 , which was determined by the location and size of @entity5 , consisted of right hepatectomy in two @entity1 , right anterior sectionectomy in one, right posterior sectionectomy in one, central bisectionectomy plus partial hepatectomy in one, and right trisectionectomy plus partial hepatectomy in one. All @entity1 recovered uneventfully from surgery. The disease-free survival rate was 83.3% at 1 year and 44.4% at 3 years in @entity99 @entity1 , but all @entity1 are alive to date. Two @entity1 underwent living-donor LT because they had @entity5 scattered throughout the liver. Of these, one @entity1 died from @entity5 recurrence at 9 months and the other is alive after 5 years without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic EHE is often misdiagnosed as a @entity3 . This disease has malignant potential; thus, it requires aggressive treatment including @entity99 , non-surgical treatment, and LT.

title: Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of XXXX After Liver Resection and Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HR', 'hepatic resection']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: Described initially by Ariyan in the 1970s, the pectoralis major flap has broad acceptance for its versatility in @entity135 reconstructions. It is supplied by the thoracoacromial artery, with an additional circulation provided by the lateral thoracic artery. It can be safely used even in @entity1 who have undergone postoperative radiation. The objective of this work is to analyze retrospectively the indications and results of this reconstruction technique in 17 @entity1 with @entity135 . We have selected the pectoralis major flap for reconstruction of floor of the mouth and tongue (7 @entity1 ); pharyngoesophageal transit after pharyngolaryngectomy (7 @entity1 ); facial tissue repair after parotid @entity5 excision and reconstruction of the soft part of cervical area after skin excision during cervical dissection. Total @entity39 of the flap for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction was observed in one @entity1 . @entity272 with partial dehiscence occurred in four @entity1 underwent tongue and floor of the mouth repair, but without fistulae and @entity281 . There was donor site seroma in one @entity1 . The flap was functionally adequate both in the reconstruction of the neopharynx and for repair of great surgical defects. So it is a versatile method with good functional results.

title: Pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap in XXXX reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Partial loss of the skin flap']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the final report of a prospective phase I study which evaluated the feasibility, @entity137 , and biochemical control in @entity263 @entity1 treated with a hypofractionated boost utilizing a fiducial marker-based daily image guidance strategy and small @entity1 -specific @entity343 margins. METHODS: Low- and intermediate-risk @entity263 @entity1 underwent transperineal ultrasound-guided implantation of three gold fiducial markers and were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to 42  Gy (2  Gy/day). During the first nine fractions of treatment, pre- and post-treatment electronic portal imaging was performed to calculate intrafraction prostate motion. @entity1 -specific @entity343 margins were derived and a 30  Gy (3  Gy/day) intensity modulated radiotherapy boost was delivered (Total dose   =   72  Gy in 31 fractions; EQD2   =   81  Gy, a/b   =   1.4). RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 completed treatment and were followed for a median of 7.2  years (range, 1.2 - 9.5). Seven @entity1 (21%) developed Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) late grade 2 GI @entity137 and 1 @entity1 (3%) developed late grade 2 GU @entity137 . No @entity1 developed late grade 3 GI or GU @entity137 . To date, nine @entity1 developed PSA relapse according to the Phoenix criteria. The actuarial five, seven and nine year biochemical control (BC) rates were 87% (95% confidence interval: 69-95), 77% (95% confidence interval: 56-89) and 66% (95% confidence interval: 42-82). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the use of prostate fiducial markers in combination with a daily online image guidance protocol permits reduced, @entity1 -specific @entity343 margins in a hypofractionated treatment scheme. This treatment planning and delivery strategy was well tolerated in the intermediate time frame. The use of very small @entity343 margins did not result in excessive failures when compared to other radiation regimens of similar radiobiological intensity.

title: Long-term results of a study using individualized planning target volumes for hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy boost for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Appropriate @entity5 documentation is one of the quality measures in the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI). MedStar @entity5 has participated in QOPI since 2008, and documenting a plan of care for moderate to severe @entity158 (which was defined as a @entity158 score of >=  4 on a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst) was identified as an area for improvement. METHODS: We undertook a structured approach to improve documentation of the plan of care for moderate/severe @entity158 with support from ASCO's Quality Training Program. Our team used standard plan-do-study-act (PDSA) methodology to achieve our goal of 90% documentation. We used a statistical process control chart (p chart) to determine whether our process was under control and to monitor the improvement in the documentation of @entity158 management. RESULTS: The baseline rate of a documented plan of care for @entity158 was 70%. In January 2014, we implemented action plans including an electronic health record trigger for a @entity158 score of >=  4, education for fellows and midlevel providers, and establishment of a faculty consensus on documenting management of @entity158 unrelated to @entity5 . After these interventions, the @entity158 documentation rate improved to 90%. CONCLUSION: After one cycle of PDSA, we achieved our goal of a 90% @entity158 documentation rate. To sustain our project, we continued to monitor the @entity158 documentation rate quarterly in 2014 and continue the process of education and orientation to new staff, rotating residents, and fellows.

title: Improving Documentation of Pain Management at MedStar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain', 'cancer', 'Washington Cancer Institute']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Washington Cancer Institute']


abstract: @entity63 has been associated with oral contraceptives but not standard hormone replacement in @entity1 . It is unknown whether or not @entity172 therapy in a male is associated with an increased risk of @entity64 . We report a single case of a genetic male taking high doses of @entity172 and @entity1420 who suffered a @entity64 . A 46-year-old @entity1 was using high doses of @entity172 and @entity1420 while awaiting surgical gender reassignment. He had suffered a @entity1150 1 year prior to presentation. He developed an @entity227 , left neglect, and left @entity1269 . Neuroimaging disclosed a large right @entity64 . A complete evaluation did not reveal an etiology. No identifiable cause could be found for this @entity1 's @entity64 , except for his high-dose hormonal therapy. Physicians treating male-to-female transsexuals need to be aware of this rare complication of hormone therapy.

title: Ischemic stroke in a XXXX using @entity172 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['acute left visual field cut']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of sensorimotor and cognitive protection conferred by posttraumatic @entity75 . Baseline measurements were taken on sensorimotor tasks involving forelimb placing and beam-walking, as well as on a spatial navigational task utilizing the water maze. Twenty-four hours after the last baseline measurements, normothermic (37 degrees C) animals were subjected to a fluid percussion pulse (1.9-2.4 atm) over the right parietal sensorimotor cortex. Following trauma, brain temperature was maintained for 3 h at either normothermic (37 degrees C, group @entity131 -N, n = 12) or hypothermic levels (30 degrees C, group @entity131 -H, n = 11). Shams (n = 10) underwent all surgical procedures including posttraumatic @entity1545 ( @entity131 ) temperature manipulation, but were not subjected to the fluid percussive pulse. Beam-walking and forelimb placing measures were begun 24 h post- @entity131 and continued for 2 weeks. Animals were tested on the water maze task for 2 days beginning 24 h post- @entity131 . @entity131 produced @entity51 in contralateral limb placing, which recovered over approximately one week. @entity2332 provided partial protection from these deficits, with @entity131 -H animals exhibiting intermediate scores that differed from both sham and @entity131 -N animals (p < 0.03). In the water maze, there was a distinction between groups in the ability to navigate 48 h after @entity131 . @entity131 -N animals performed significantly worse than sham and @entity131 -H animals (both p < 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference between the scores of sham and @entity131 -H animals. The present data demonstrate that moderate postinjury @entity75 can provide protection from sensorimotor and @entity73 as well as neuropathology in a model of @entity131 associated with early neuronal and @entity130 .

title: Posttraumatic @entity75 provides protection from sensorimotor and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['substantial deficits']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive behavioral deficits']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity302 present unique challenges to the clinician. In addition to having differences in clinical and EEG phenomena, @entity1 differ from adults in regard to etiological factors, response to @entity734 ( @entity734 ), and outcome. It is now recognized that the immature brain also differs from the mature brain in the basic mechanisms of epileptogenesis and propagation of @entity410 . The immature brain is more prone to @entity410 due to an imbalance between excitation and inhibition. @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), the major CNS inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature brain, can lead to depolarization in the hippocampal @entity1251 region in very young @entity35 . There are also age-related differences in response to @entity1246 agonists and antagonists in the substantia nigra, a structure important in the propagation of @entity410 . These age-related differences in response to GABAergic agents provide further evidence that the pathophysiology of @entity410 in the immature brain differs from that in the mature brain. Although prolonged @entity410 can cause @entity75 at any age, the extent of @entity75 after prolonged @entity410 is highly age dependent. Far less histological damage and fewer disturbances in cognition result from prolonged @entity410 in the immature brain than from @entity410 of similar duration and intensity in mature animals. However, detrimental effects of @entity734 may be greater in the immature brain, than in the mature brain. These lessons from the animal laboratory raise questions about the appropriateness of current therapeutic approaches to childhood @entity410 disorders.

title: XXXX in the developing brain: lessons from the laboratory and clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['GABA', 'gamma-Aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: We have performed a phase IB study of @entity14018 complexed with @entity5731 and @entity5224 ( @entity26438 ) in combination with @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) in 25 @entity1 with a variety of @entity5 . @entity1 received weekly or biweekly @entity26438 by i.m. injection, at doses ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/m2, for 1 month. This was followed by 2 months of outpatient therapy with biweekly i.m. @entity26438 in combination with @entity1199 (3 x 10(6) units/m2) given i.v. by 24-h continuous infusion twice weekly, using a portable infusion pump. No objective @entity5 responses were observed. @entity137 was moderate at all @entity26438 doses tested and increased only slightly following the addition of @entity1199 . No increases in peripheral blood natural killer (NK) activity were observed after treatment with @entity26438 alone. However, high dose @entity26438 (greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/m2) in combination with @entity1199 resulted in NK activity greater than that seen using the same dose of @entity1199 in combination with lower @entity26438 doses. Increases in the number and percentage of @entity2940 + cells were evident only after initiation of @entity1199 therapy and were unaffected by the @entity26438 dose. In the majority of @entity1 , these increases were preferentially associated with the subset of @entity2940 + cells coexpressing @entity405 , while the @entity2940 +/ @entity4071 + population was elevated to a lesser extent. Moderate increases in serum neopterin levels and @entity11932 synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were noted at 72 h following initial treatment with 1.0 mg/m2 @entity26438 . No induction of alpha or gamma interferon was detected. This study shows that the addition of @entity26438 to a well tolerated @entity1199 regimen can significantly enhance NK activity. @entity26438 can be used to enhance @entity1199 -induced NK lytic activity without increases in the dose and, therefore, the @entity137 of @entity1199 treatment.

title: @entity14018 complexed with XXXX and @entity5224 in combination with @entity1199 in @entity1 with @entity5 : clinical and immunological effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26438 :: ('MESH:C019531', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly-ICLC', 'poly-ICLC']

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity5731 :: (CHEBI:61490,Chemical) :: ['poly-L-lysine']


abstract: Bladder @entity5 classically affect the elderly, but can also occur in young adults. The authors studied the prognosis of these @entity5 in @entity1 under the age of 40. In their experience, these @entity5 represent 3.27% of all @entity150 . 26 @entity1 with a mean age of 34 years (20-40 years), 8 under the age of 30, were studied. There was a marked male predominance (23 males, 3 females). The @entity5 was a transitional cell @entity189 in 25 cases and a @entity957 in 1 case. It was superficial in 11 cases and invasive in 15 cases. Transurethral resection and cystectomy were performed in 9 cases of superficial @entity5 and 11 cases of invasive @entity5 , respectively. In the group of superficial @entity5 , a favourable course was observed in 7 cases, with 3 cases of recurrence and 1 case of progression. In the group of invasive @entity5 , a favourable course was observed in 6 cases, recurrence was observed in 2 cases and 5 @entity1 died. Superficial @entity5 therefore have a better prognosis in subjects under the age of 30. Invasive @entity5 are more frequent and often advanced, suggesting a marked potential for progression. Their prognosis depends on @entity5 stage, and is not correlated with age.

title: [ @entity150 in young XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumours']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity532 are a common cause of @entity2685 in neonates. @entity1109 leads to @entity130 and poor limb function. It is not known whether the @entity1 suffers chronic @entity1109 or spinal cord root @entity155 @entity158 ; in adults, @entity1118 is usual after spinal root @entity155 injuries, and this is often intractable. The plexus is repaired surgically in severe neonatal injures; if no spontaneous recovery has occurred by 3 months, and if neurophysiological investigations point to poor prognosis, then nerve trunk injures are grafted, while spinal cord root @entity155 injuries are treated by transferring an intact neighbouring nerve (e.g. intercostal) to the distal stump of the damaged nerve, in an attempt to restore sensorimotor function. Using a range of non-invasive quantitative measures validated in adults, including mechanical, thermal and vibration perception thresholds, we have assessed for the first time sensory and cholinergic sympathetic function in 24 @entity1 aged between 3 and 23 years, who had suffered severe @entity2685 at birth. While recovery of function after spinal root @entity155 was related demonstrably to surgery, there were remarkable differences from adults, including excellent restoration of sensory function (to normal limits in all dermatomes for at least one modality in 16 out of 20 operated cases), and evidence of exquisite CNS plasticity, i.e. perfect localization of restored sensation in avulsed spinal root dermatomes, now presumably routed via nerves that had been transferred from a distant spinal region. Sensory recovery exceeded motor or cholinergic sympathetic recovery. There was no evidence of @entity1118 behaviour or @entity1109 , although @entity158 was reported normally to external stimuli in unaffected regions. We propose that differences in neonates are related to later maturation of injured fibres, and that CNS plasticity may account for their lack of long-term @entity1118 after spinal root @entity155 injury.

title: Restoration of sensory function and lack of long-term @entity1118 syndromes after @entity2685 in XXXX neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Failure to restore sensation', 'neuropathic syndromes', 'neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Obstetric complications']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trophic injuries']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries', 'brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2543 within free tissue reconstructions of the oral cavity has been reported. We report a case where @entity957 arose within radial forearm skin transferred to the oral cavity 23 years previously. After a thorough literature search we believe this is the first report of such a phenomenon. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 62-year-old @entity1 presented to our service with @entity158 and a new mass in the @entity2133 . The floor of mouth had been reconstructed with a radial forearm free flap (RFFF) 23 years earlier following resection of a @entity1697 . This new mass was within the reconstruction tissue. Biopsy showed multiple areas of @entity1141 and a single new focus of @entity189 . This new @entity5 was excised and reconstructed with a contralateral nasolabial flap. Formal histology showed an arrector pili muscle adjacent to invasive @entity5 . Some years earlier @entity1141 had been noted in the free flap skin component. DISCUSSION: The skin component of free tissue transfer reconstruction flaps has been shown to develop epithelial dysplastic change. This has been found to be associated with similar levels of @entity876 mutation and increased Ki-67 expression within this intraoral skin and adjacent @entity5932 . Our case demonstrates similar levels of expression of mutated @entity876 and Ki-67 in in situ epithelium and in invasive tissue perhaps supporting the idea of expansion of premalignant cells into the skin flap epidermis. CONCLUSION: We have shown for the first time that a new SCCa has developed within the cutaneous component of a free tissue transfer flap. With improved longevity of @entity1 treated with primary surgery for oral cavity SCCa there is need for vigilance in monitoring for this @entity5 recurrence site.

title: First report of XXXX arising within an intraoral radial forearm free flap.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal squamous cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['left floor of mouth']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic mucosa']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['Oral epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transperineal prostatic biopsy is firmly established as an important tool in the diagnosis of @entity263 . The benefit of additional imaging (magnetic resonance imaging) to target biopsy remains to be fully addressed. METHODS: Using a cohort of consecutive @entity1 undergoing transperineal template mapping biopsies, we studied positive biopsies in the context of magnetic resonance imaging findings and examined the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the location of transperineal template mapping biopsies-detected @entity263 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 (mean age: 65 years, range 53-78) underwent transperineal template mapping biopsies. Thirty-four @entity1 had 1-2 and 10 @entity1 had >= 3 previous transrectal ultrasound scan-guided biopsies. The mean @entity1486 was 15   ng/mL (range 2.5-79   ng/mL). High-grade @entity5436 was found in 12 (27%) @entity1 and @entity263 with Gleason <7, 7 and >7 in 13, 10 and 8 @entity1 , respectively. Suspicious lesions on magnetic resonance imaging scans were scored from 1 to 5. In 28 @entity1 , magnetic resonance imaging detected lesions with score >= 3. Magnetic resonance imaging correctly localised transperineal template mapping biopsies-detected @entity263 in a hemi-gland approach, particularly in a right to left manner (79% positive prediction rate), but not in a quadrant approach (33% positive prediction rate). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the notion of magnetic resonance imaging-based selection of @entity1 for transperineal template mapping biopsies and that lesions revealed by magnetic resonance imaging are likely useful for targeted biopsies.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging-directed transperineal limited-mapping prostatic biopsies to diagnose XXXX : a Scottish experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We analyzed a current 78-month experience with externally supported (ringed) @entity736 ( @entity736 ) axillobifemoral (AxBF) and axillounifemoral (AxUF) bypass grafts to address the controversy about whether the addition of a femorofemoral limb to an axillofemoral bypass graft improves the patency results. METHODS: Between January 1988 and June 1994, 36 AxBF and 22 AxUF externally supported PTFE ringed bypass grafts were performed at our institution. The age of the @entity1 in the AxBF group was 67 +/- 11 years and 69 +/- 11 years in the AxUF group. The male/female ratio was 22:13 (AxBF) and 8:9 (AxUF). In 71% of cases (29/36 AxBF, 12/22 AxUF), the operations were performed for aortoiliac @entity731 in @entity1 with significant medical risk factors or a "hostile" abdomen. The remaining 29% were @entity1 requiring revascularization during treatment of an infected aortic graft. Bypass patency was assessed in the follow-up period by clinical evaluation, color-flow duplex imaging, or segmental limb pressure measurements. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the 30-day operative mortality rate for all AxBF bypasses (11%) and all AxUF bypasses (6%) (p = 0.89 by chi-squared testing). The primary and secondary patency rates for the whole group of bypasses were 80% and 89% at 3 years, respectively (SE < 0.1). Between the AxBF and AxUF groups, there were no significant differences in either primary patency (80% for each group) or secondary patency (91% in AxBFs vs 85% in AxUFs) (SE < 0.1) at 2 years (Wilcoxon rank sum test). CONCLUSIONS: These data show no differences in the patency of externally supported PTFE AxBF and AxUF bypass grafts up to 2 years after implantation.

title: A comparative evaluation of externally supported XXXX axillobifemoral and axillounifemoral bypass grafts.

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: In eukaryotic cells many cell surface proteins are attached to the membrane via the @entity4495 (GPI) moiety. In @entity375 , GPI also plays important roles in the production of mannoprotein in the cell wall. We previously isolated @entity57349 mutants and found that @entity57349 is required for @entity8580 acylation in the GPI biosynthetic pathway. In this study we isolated a new @entity57349 mutant allele, @entity57349 -10, that shows not only high temperature sensitivity but also low temperature sensitivity. The @entity57349 -10 cells show impaired acyltransferase activity and attachment of GPI to proteins even at the permissive temperature. We identified @entity53241 , which encodes a high affinity @entity2340 permease, as a multicopy suppressor of cold sensitivity in @entity57349 -10 cells. The @entity57349 -10 cells were also defective in the import of @entity2340 , and a lack of @entity2340 caused low temperature sensitivity. Microscopic observation revealed that @entity53241 is not transported to the plasma membrane but is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum in @entity57349 -10 cells grown under @entity2340 -poor conditions. We found that @entity53241 was not associated with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), which are required for the recruitment of @entity53241 to the plasma membrane. A similar result was obtained for @entity55037 , a @entity5537 permease localized in the DRMs of the plasma membrane. These results indicate that GPI-anchored proteins are required for the recruitment of membrane proteins @entity53241 and @entity55037 to the plasma membrane via DRMs, suggesting that some membrane proteins are redistributed in the cell in response to environmental and nutritional conditions due to an association with DRMs that is dependent on GPI-anchored proteins.

title: @entity4495 -anchored proteins are required for the transport of detergent-resistant microdomain-associated membrane proteins @entity53241 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity55037 :: (852309(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Fur4p']


abstract: In most clinical trials, @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are expanded in vitro before implantation. The genetic stability of @entity1 stem cells is critical for their clinical use. However, the relationship between stem-cell expansion and genetic stability is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that within the normal expansion period, hMSC cultures show a high percentage of aneuploid cells that progressively increases until senescence. Despite this accumulation, we show that in a heterogeneous culture the senescence-prone hMSC subpopulation has a lower proliferation potential and a higher incidence of @entity2007 than the non-senescent subpopulation. We further show that senescence is linked to a novel transcriptional signature that includes a set of genes implicated in ploidy control. Overexpression of the @entity2215 ( @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase, @entity2215 ) inhibited senescence, markedly reducing the levels of @entity2007 and preventing the dysregulation of ploidy-controlling genes. hMSC-replicative senescence was accompanied by an increase in @entity26 consumption rate (OCR) and oxidative stress, but in long-term cultures that overexpress @entity2215 , these parameters were maintained at basal levels, comparable to unmodified hMSCs at initial passages. We therefore propose that @entity2215 contributes to genetic stability through its classical telomere maintenance function and also by reducing the levels of oxidative stress, possibly, by controlling mitochondrial physiology. Finally, we propose that @entity2007 is a relevant factor in the induction of senescence and should be assessed in hMSCs before their clinical use.

title: @entity1 mesenchymal stem cell-replicative senescence and oxidative stress are closely linked to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['telomerase catalytic subunit', 'hTERT']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['aneuploidy']


abstract: The monogenean @entity61186 is an economically important parasite on @entity12178 whereas the morphologically very similar @entity61187 Zitnan, 1960 on @entity17504 is considered harmless. Even molecular markers cannot unambiguously discriminate both species. The nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences are identical in both species, and although mitochondrial @entity7319 ( @entity7319 ) sequences show substantial variation, no support for monophyly of either species is found. Analysis of nucleotide sequences of the intergenic spacer (IGS) have, however, been interpreted as support for 2 species. Here, IGS and @entity7319 sequences from 81 @entity61186 and @entity61187 specimens of 39 populations across the species' distribution range were determined. Mitochondrial diversity was not reflected in the nuclear marker. Since various 23 bp IGS repeat types usually differ by just one @entity377 and sequences primarily differ in the number and order of repeat types, alignments may be biased and arbitrary, impeding meaningful phylogenetic analyses. The hypothesis that parasites on @entity5660 represent hybrids of both species is rejected. The presence or absence of particular repeat types is not considered informative. We interpret the IGS data as support for @entity61186 and @entity61187 being a single species.

title: The incongruence of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation supports conspecificity of the monogenean parasites XXXX and @entity61187 .

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity61186 :: ('37629', 'Species') :: ['Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957', 'G. salaris']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['COI', 'cytochrome oxidase I']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity61186 :: (37629,Species) :: ['Gyrodactylus salaris']


abstract: The relationship between cerebral morphology and the expression of @entity935 receptors has not been extensively studied in @entity1 . Elucidation of such relationships may have important methodological implications for clinical studies of @entity935 receptor ligand binding differences between control and @entity1 groups. The association between cerebral morphology and @entity935 receptor distribution was examined in 45 healthy subjects who completed T1-weighted structural MRI and PET scanning with the D(2)/D(3) ligand @entity41385 . Optimized voxel-based morphometry was used to create grey matter volume and density images. Grey matter volume and density images were correlated with binding potential (BP( @entity11702 )) images on a voxel-by-voxel basis using the Biological Parametric Mapping toolbox. Associations between cerebral morphology and BP( @entity11702 ) were also examined for selected regions-of-interest (ROIs) after spatial normalization. Voxel-wise analyses indicated that grey matter volume and density positively correlated with BP( @entity11702 ) throughout the midbrain, including the substantia nigra. Positive correlations were observed in medial cortical areas, including anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex, and circumscribed regions of the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes. ROI analyses revealed significant positive correlations between BP( @entity11702 ) and cerebral morphology in the caudate, thalamus, and amygdala. Few negative correlations between morphology and BP( @entity11702 ) were observed. Overall, grey matter density appeared more strongly correlated with BP( @entity11702 ) than grey matter volume. Cerebral morphology, particularly grey matter density, correlates with @entity41385 BP( @entity11702 ) in a regionally specific manner. Clinical studies comparing @entity935 receptor availability between clinical and control groups may benefit by accounting for potential differences in cerebral morphology that exist even after spatial normalization.

title: Cerebral morphology and @entity935 D2/D3 receptor distribution in XXXX : a combined @entity41385 and voxel-based morphometry study.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: CONTEXT: African-American @entity1 (AAW) have an increased risk of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 compared with Caucasian @entity1 (CW). @entity1720 has been reported in AAW, but the reasons for this racial difference and the contributions of liver versus skeletal muscle are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that young, nonobese AAW manifest @entity1720 specific to skeletal muscle, not liver, and is accompanied by lower skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity. @entity1 AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twenty-two nonobese (body mass index 22.7    3.1 kg/m(2)) AAW and 22 matched CW (body mass index 22.7    3.1 kg/m(2)) underwent characterization of body composition, objectively assessed habitual physical activity, and insulin sensitivity with euglycemic clamps and stable-isotope tracers. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed for lipid content, fiber typing, and mitochondrial measurements. RESULTS: @entity1897 was 26% lower in AAW (P < .01), but @entity99 was similar between groups. Physical activity levels were similar between groups. @entity1720 in AAW was not explained by total or central adiposity. Skeletal muscle @entity412 content was similar, but mitochondrial content was lower in AAW. Mitochondrial respiration was 24% lower in AAW and correlated with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (r = 0.33, P < .05). CONCLUSION: When compared with CW, AAW have similar @entity99 but a muscle phenotype characterized by both @entity1720 and lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity. These observations occur in the absence of @entity28 and are not explained by physical activity. The only factor associated with @entity1720 in AAW was mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Because exercise training improves both mitochondrial capacity and insulin sensitivity, we suggest that it may be of particular benefit as a strategy for @entity6 prevention in AAW.

title: Racial differences in peripheral insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial capacity in the absence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['lower insulin sensitivity', 'Lower insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insulin sensitivity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To determine the prevalence of @entity1374 in the first UK case series of @entity1 with incidentally detected @entity1374 on @entity419 positron emission tomography imaging. Methods: A total of 235 @entity1 were evaluated with @entity419 positron emission tomography imaging. Incidental focal uptake in the thyroid gland was identified in nine @entity1 (3.8 per cent). A retrospective review of their case notes was conducted. Results: The rate of @entity5 was 55 per cent. The mean and standard deviation of the maximum standardised uptake value was 13.1      7.3 in those @entity1 with @entity5 and a nodule identified as positive on positron emission tomography. This value was 2.8      1.2 in those @entity1 without @entity5 but with a nodule identified as positive on positron emission tomography (p  =  0.01). A palpable @entity9384 was more likely in those with @entity5 (p  =  0.14). Conclusion: The prevalence of incidental @entity1374 found on @entity419 positron emission tomography in @entity1 with other primary @entity5 is low, but the incidence of @entity5 in these @entity1 is high. @entity1 with a palpable @entity9384 , focal uptake on @entity419 positron emission tomography and an increased maximum standardised uptake value require further investigation.

title: Diagnosis of incidental thyroid nodules on XXXX positron emission tomography imaging: are these significant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid nodule']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy', 'thyroid lesions']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) is associated with hippocampal cell loss and organization of the dentate gyrus. Some studies suggest a correlation between the topographic distribution of cell loss and site of epileptogenesis. We studied the relationship between the site of ictal onset with the presence of segmental @entity194 in @entity1 with non-lesional @entity1315 using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and depth EEG. Ictal recordings were obtained from 27 @entity1 with longitudinal hippocampal depth electrodes and variable combinations of subdural strips sampling medial temporal structures. The location of the depth electrode contacts was correlated with anatomical landmarks. @entity410 were analyzed for the distribution of onset along the long axis of the hippocampus. MRI analysis were performed to detect segmental @entity194 . Outcome was assessed 1 year or more following anterior temporal lobectomy. Twenty-five @entity1 had unilateral, and two had bilateral, hippocampal @entity194 . One hundred and forty-seven @entity410 were reviewed: 21 showed focal onset and 126 showed regional onset. Ictal onset involved the amygdala and anterior half of the hippocampus in 80% of the @entity410 while only 40% of @entity1 had @entity194 of these segments. Most @entity1 had excellent outcome. In @entity1 with @entity1315 the primary area of epileptogenesis does not parallel the hippocampal segments with the greatest degree of @entity393 .

title: Topographic distribution of XXXX onset and hippocampal @entity194 : relationship between MRI and depth EEG.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['Medial temporal lobe epilepsy', 'MTLE']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the basal free @entity3479 activity in @entity1 @entity7462 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity7462 obtained by simplified pipette paracentesis at @entity231 surgery was tested for free @entity3479 activity in a revised 15-hour amidolytic assay using a @entity3479 standard curve (n = 15). Total antigenic levels of @entity2289 , the principal PA inhibitor, were determined using an ELISA kit. The available @entity2289 activity was tested indirectly using anti-human @entity2289 antibody blocking before @entity3479 activity assay (n = 11). Plasminogen activator type was determined by anti-human @entity3479 ( @entity2290 ) antibody blocking before activity assay (n = 7). RESULTS: Free PA activity ranged widely (0.072 to 0.47 IU/ml; mean, 0.20 +/- 0.10 IU/ml) and was almost completed inactivated (> or = 89%) by antibody against @entity1 @entity3479 but not by the @entity2290 antibody. @entity2289 total antigen also ranged widely between (0.25 to 8.0 ng/ml; mean, 2.25 +/- 2.54 ng/ml). However, pretreatment of samples with @entity2289 antibody or by acidification (pH 3.2) to inactivate inhibitors did not increase @entity3479 activity levels. CONCLUSIONS: A basal-free @entity3479 activity, which is predominantly @entity3479 , is present in @entity1 @entity7462 at approximately 20 times higher levels than previously found with an earlier assay. This activity is estimated to represent roughly 10% of total released @entity3479 antigen. @entity2289 is present in @entity7462 at levels considerably lower than reported values for plasma in a predominantly PA-complexed or inactive form.

title: Increased basal levels of free plasminogen activator activity found in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

answer: @entity7462 :: (MESH:C562390,Disease) :: ['aqueous humor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While @entity740 seems to be an independent risk factor for @entity73 , its impact on cerebral amyloid-b (Ab) depositions, one hallmark of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) pathology, has not been investigated. Utilizing 80 male non-transgenic spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 prone @entity35 (SHRSP) at various ages (12 to 44 weeks), @entity8 , prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhages and Ab accumulations were quantified. Using age-adjusted general linear models we investigated the main and interaction effects of @entity8 and cerebral microhemorrhages on cerebral Ab load. In addition, using post mortem @entity1 brain tissue of 16 @entity64 @entity1 we examined the co-localization of perivascular Ab deposits and small vessel wall damage. Statistical models revealed an age-independent main effect of @entity8 on brain Ab accumulations, which was reinforced by the consecutive presence of cerebral microhemorrhages. Moreover, cerebral microhemorrhages independently predicted brain Ab burden in SHRSP. In up to 69% of all @entity1 cases perivascular Ab deposits were detected in the direct vicinity of small vessel wall damage. Our results support the associations between vascular pathology and Ab deposition, and demonstrate a relationship between @entity740 and cerebral Ab pathology. Hence our data suggest that prevention of chronic @entity8 may reduce cerebral Ab pathology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Common impact of XXXX and brain microhemorrhages on cerebral Ab pathology in SHRSP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial kidney damage', 'renal damage', 'tubulointerstitial renal damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Insulin resistance is an important contributing factor in @entity1561 . @entity1994 and @entity13407 are key components of the insulin pathway, and play a role in promoting de novo lipogenesis. However, @entity13407 @entity2915 per se does not induce @entity1560 in @entity19 livers, but instead, protects against high-fat diet induced @entity1560 . Here, we investigate the in vivo mechanism of @entity1560 -resistance secondary to @entity13407 activation, with emphasis on the role of @entity17740 -mediated feedback inhibition of @entity1994 . @entity19 with single or double deletion of @entity13408 and/or @entity17740 in a liver-specific or whole-body manner were generated to study @entity413 and hepatic lipid metabolism between the ages of 6-14 weeks. Following 8 weeks of high-fat diet, the @entity13408 -/-; @entity17740 -/- @entity19 had lower body weights but higher liver TG levels compared to that of the @entity13408 -/- @entity19 . However, the loss of @entity17740 did not relieve feedback inhibition of @entity1994 activity in the @entity13408 -/- livers. To overcome @entity1994 suppression, @entity2370 was deleted in @entity13408 -/- livers, and the resultant @entity19 showed improved @entity413 tolerance compared with the @entity13408 -/- @entity19 . However, liver TG levels were significantly reduced in the @entity13408 -/-; @entity2370 -/- @entity19 compared to the @entity2370 -/- @entity19 , which was restored with @entity3446 . We found no correlation between liver TG and serum NEFA levels. Expression of lipogenic genes ( @entity4062 , @entity59881 ) were elevated in the @entity13408 -/-; @entity2370 -/- livers, but this was counter-balanced by an up-regulation of @entity51669 involved in @entity844 oxidation and the anti-oxidant protein, @entity10182 . In summary, our in vivo models showed that @entity13407 -induced resistance to @entity1560 was dependent on @entity17740 activity, but not secondary to @entity1994 suppression. These findings confirm that @entity1994 and @entity13407 have opposing effects on hepatic lipid metabolism in vivo.

title: Livers with Constitutive XXXX Activity Resist Steatosis Independent of Feedback Suppression of @entity1994 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity13407 :: (382056(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTORC1']


abstract: In this review paper the authors analyze new therapeutic options for the @entity887 , as well as the future of @entity1653 treatment through recent relevant cohorts and articles. They investigate various embolic materials, types of @entity1653 amenable to embolization, imaging techniques, and potential imaging biomarkers that could aid in the delivery of embolic materials. They also analyze perfusion status, complications, and new technical aspects of endovascular preoperative @entity887 . A literature search was performed in PubMed using the terms " @entity1653 " and "embolization" to investigate recent therapeutic options involving embolization in the treatment of @entity1653 . The authors looked at various cohorts, complications, materials, and timings of @entity1653 treatment. Liquid embolic materials are preferable to particle agents because particle embolization carries a higher risk of @entity548 . Liquid agents maximize the effect of devascularization because of deeper penetration into the trunk and @entity5 vessels. The 3 main imaging techniques, MRI, CT, and angiography, can all be used in a complementary fashion to aid in analyzing and treating @entity1653 . Intraarterial perfusion MRI and a new imaging modality for identifying biomarkers, susceptibility-weighted principles of echo shifting with a train of observations (SW-PRESTO), can relay information about perfusion status and degrees of @entity63 in @entity887 , and they could be very useful in the realm of therapeutics with embolic material delivery. Direct puncture is yet another therapeutic technique that would allow for more accurate embolization and less @entity190 during resection.

title: XXXX : update on therapeutic options.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['distal tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolized meningiomas', 'embolization of meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['Preoperative endovascular embolization of meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is not clear whether the mechanical properties of the respiratory system assessed under the dynamic condition of mechanical ventilation are equivalent to those assessed under static conditions. We hypothesized that the analyses of dynamic and static respiratory mechanics provide different information in @entity1576 . DESIGN: Prospective multiple-center study. SETTING: Intensive care units of eight German university hospitals. @entity1 : A total of 28 @entity1 with @entity647 and acute @entity649 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS: Dynamic respiratory mechanics were determined during ongoing mechanical ventilation with an incremental positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) protocol with PEEP steps of 2 cm @entity2507 every ten breaths. Static respiratory mechanics were determined using a low-flow inflation. MAIN RESULTS: The dynamic compliance was lower than the static compliance. The difference between dynamic and static compliance was dependent on alveolar pressure. At an alveolar pressure of 25 cm @entity2507 , dynamic compliance was 29.8 (17.1) mL/cm @entity2507 and static compliance was 59.6 (39.8) mL/cm @entity2507 (median [interquartile range], p < .05). End-inspiratory volumes during the incremental PEEP trial coincided with the static pressure-volume curve, whereas end-expiratory volumes significantly exceeded the static pressure-volume curve. The differences could be attributed to PEEP-related recruitment, accounting for 40.8% (10.3%) of the total volume gain of 1964 (1449) mL during the incremental PEEP trial. Recruited volume per PEEP step increased from 6.4 (46) mL at zero end-expiratory pressure to 145 (91) mL at a PEEP of 20 cm @entity2507 (p < .001). Dynamic compliance decreased at @entity551 while recruitment simultaneously increased. Static mechanics did not allow this differentiation. The decrease in static compliance occurred at @entity551 compared with the dynamic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Exploiting dynamic respiratory mechanics during incremental PEEP, both compliance and recruitment can be assessed simultaneously. Based on these findings, application of dynamic respiratory mechanics as a diagnostic tool in ventilated @entity1 should be more appropriate than using static pressure-volume curves.

title: Dynamic versus static respiratory mechanics in @entity647 and acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['higher alveolar pressures', 'low alveolar pressure']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: A @entity19 transgene, @entity14725 , is methylated only when carried in certain inbred strain backgrounds. A locus on distal chromosome 4, @entity61872 (strain-specific modifier), controls this phenomenon. In order to characterize the activity of @entity61872 , we have investigated developmental acquisition of methylation over the transgene. Analysis of postimplantation embryos revealed that strain-specific methylation is initiated prior to embryonic day (E) 6.5. Strain-specific transgene methylation is all-or-none in pattern and occurs exclusively in the primitive ectoderm lineage. A strain-independent pattern of partial methylation occurs in the primitive endoderm and trophectoderm lineages. To examine earlier stages, embryonic stem (ES) cells were derived from E3.5 blastocysts and examined for transgene methylation before and after differentiation. Though the transgene had already acquired some methylation in undifferentiated ES cells, differentiation induced further, de novo methylation in a strain-dependent manner. Analysis of methylation in ES cultures suggests that the transgene and endogenous genes (such as immunoglobulin genes) are synchronously methylated during early development. These results are interpreted in the context of a model in which @entity61872 -like modifier genes produce alterations in chromatin structure during and/or shortly after implantation, thereby marking target loci for de novo methylation with the rest of the genome during gastrulation.

title: Strain-specific transgene methylation occurs early in XXXX development and can be recapitulated in embryonic stem cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT) is evaluating the potential benefit for reduction in major cardiovascular (CV) events from the addition of @entity3709 versus placebo to 40 mg/d of @entity3413 therapy in @entity1 who present with @entity1187 and have low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 )  <= 125 mg/dL. METHODS: The primary composite end point is CV death, nonfatal @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 , rehospitalization for @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ), and coronary revascularization (>=  30 days postrandomization). The @entity3413 monotherapy arm's @entity11429 target is <70 mg/dL. @entity3709 was assumed to further lower @entity11429 by 15 mg/dL and produce an estimated ~8% to 9% treatment effect. The targeted number of events is 5,250. RESULTS: We enrolled 18,144 @entity1 with either @entity583 ( @entity583 , n = 5,192) or @entity1459 /non- @entity583 ( @entity1459 /NSTEMI, n = 12,952) from October 2005 to July 2010. Western Europe (40%) and North America (38%) were the leading enrolling regions. The @entity583 cohort was younger and had a higher percentage of @entity1 naive to lipid-lowering treatment compared with the @entity1459 /NSTEMI cohort. The @entity1459 /NSTEMI group had a higher prevalence of @entity6 , @entity101 , and prior @entity583 . Median @entity11429 at entry was 100 mg/dL for @entity583 and 93 mg/dL for @entity1459 /NSTEMI @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This trial is evaluating @entity11429 lowering beyond previously targeted @entity11429 levels. The results depend on achieving the desired separation of @entity11429 with @entity3709 and on the assumption that @entity3709 's lowering of @entity11429 will have similar event reduction efficacy as the @entity11429 lowering from a statin. The results could affect future therapies and guidelines.

title: Evaluating cardiovascular event reduction with XXXX as an adjunct to @entity3413 in 18,144 @entity1 after @entity1187 : final baseline characteristics of the IMPROVE-IT study population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe', 'Ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'ST-segment elevation MI']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3709 :: (MESH:C108606,Chemical) :: ['ezetimibe']


abstract: @entity1 eosinophils perform several functions dependent on @entity3900 ( @entity3900 ) activity, most notably the synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and @entity4352 C4 (LTC4). Several forms of @entity3900 have been identified in @entity1 cells. In the present study, the 14-kD, secretory form of @entity3900 was detected in @entity1 eosinophils by immunocytochemical staining with the specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 4A1. In contrast, preparations of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and basophils did not show detectable staining. With two MoAbs in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), large amounts of @entity7098 were detected in lysates of eosinophils, that were 20-fold to 100-fold higher than in the other circulating leukocytes (ie, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). In addition, with a commercially available @entity7098 activity assay kit, we were able to show high activity of @entity7098 in @entity1 eosinophils relative to neutrophils. Investigations at the ultrastructural level showed that @entity7098 in eosinophils is mainly located in specific granules. Immunoelectron microscopy also visualized @entity7098 within phagosomes after addition of opsonized particles to the eosinophils. However, @entity7098 was not detected in the cell-free supernatants of activated eosinophils, in contrast to @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ), which colocalizes with @entity7098 in resting eosinophils. These findings warrant further studies into the role of @entity7098 in eosinophil function.

title: @entity1 eosinophils express, relative to other circulating leukocytes, large amounts of secretory 14-kD XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil-cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

answer: @entity3900 :: (151056,Gene) :: ['phospholipase A2']


abstract: AIMS: The myocardial effect of tonically released @entity842 (NO) in @entity1 is still not known. We tested the hypothesis that low-dose NO exerts positive effects on left ventricular (LV) function. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve healthy volunteers, 26+/-4 years, were enrolled in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to precisely measure the direct effects of NO on @entity64 volume index (SVI). The NO pool was monitored by chemiluminescence. We reduced endogenous NO levels with intravenous infusion of the NO synthase-inhibitor @entity7293 . Replenishment of the NO pool was achieved with the NO donor @entity12557 ( @entity12558 ) (0.5 micromol iv). To differentiate load-dependent from the direct effects of NO on LV function, changes in SVI in response to @entity12558 were compared with changes in the NO-independent vasodilator @entity11848 (2.5 mg iv) at matched arterial pressure and heart rate. Inhibition of NO synthesis was followed by reduction in SVI. Subsequent replenishment of the circulating NO with @entity12558 significantly increased SVI (39+/-8 to 54+/-7 mL m(-2); P=0.001), whereas no significant changes were observed with the NO-independent vasodilator @entity11848 (39+/-8 to 46+/-8 mL m(-2); P=0.0626). CONCLUSION: Inhibition of endogenous NO release reduces, whereas replenishment with exogenous NO increases LV function, pointing towards a positive effect of tonically released NO on LV function in healthy @entity1 .

title: Positive effects of @entity842 on left ventricular function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity11848 :: ('MESH:D004078', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydralazine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Strabismus has been previously reported as a rare presenting feature of the Type 1 @entity1645 . CASE REPORTS: We report a case series of twelve @entity1 with @entity1645 with either strabismus or @entity892 as part of their initial presentation. Ten @entity1 had @entity892 at the time of presentation, while 2 young @entity1 (ages 2 and 6) presented with @entity5971 without complaints of @entity892 . Of the 10 @entity1 with @entity892 , 7 were constantly or frequently tropic while 3 had symptomatic phorias. One or more unusual features of the strabismus led to further investigations and the diagnosis of Chiari in these @entity1 . The most common oculomotor disturbance was a comitant @entity5971 . Most @entity1 were managed with prism glasses. One @entity1 had strabismus surgery as primary treatment with early orthotropia. Three @entity1 underwent neurosurgical decompression, with minimal improvement of their strabismus; one of these underwent subsequent successful strabismus surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Chiari 1 @entity600 may present with strabismus or @entity892 as the major finding. Associated neurological features may be nonspecific (e.g., @entity10 ), subtle (e.g., @entity346 ), or delayed. Although neurosurgery may be required in some cases, primary strabismus management (surgical or prismatic correction) can be successful, particularly when strabismus is the lone (or sole specific) finding.

title: Chiari 1 XXXX presenting as strabismus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari 1 malformations', 'Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['gaze-evoked nystagmus']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although randomized studies have shown a beneficial effect of drug-eluting stents in reducing the risk of repeated revascularization, these trials were underpowered to compare rates of @entity204 and @entity583 . The long-term safety of drug-eluting stents has been questioned recently. METHODS: We performed a pooled analysis of 1748 @entity1 in four randomized trials evaluating the safety of @entity3446 -eluting stents as compared with bare-metal stents. @entity1 -level data were obtained and analyzed by independent statisticians at two academic institutions. The primary safety end point was survival at 4 years. We tested for heterogeneities in treatment effect in @entity1 subgroups. RESULTS: The survival rate at 4 years was 93.3% in the @entity3446 -stent group, as compared with 94.6% in the bare-metal-stent group (hazard ratio for @entity204 , 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 1.83; P=0.28). In the 428 @entity1 with @entity6 , a significant difference in the survival rate was observed in favor of the bare-metal-stent group over the @entity3446 -stent group (95.6% vs. 87.8%; hazard ratio for @entity204 in the @entity3446 -stent group, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.38 to 6.10; P=0.008). The lower survival rate among @entity1 with @entity6 who were treated with @entity3446 -eluting stents was due to increased numbers of @entity204 from both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular causes. No difference in survival rate was detected among the @entity1 without @entity6 . Rates of @entity583 and stent @entity715 were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In a pooled analysis of data from four trials comparing @entity3446 -eluting stents and bare-metal stents, no significant differences were found between the two treatments in rates of @entity204 , @entity583 , or stent @entity715 . (ClinicalTrials. @entity26548 numbers, NCT00233805 [ClinicalTrials. @entity26548 ] , NCT00381420 [ClinicalTrials. @entity26548 ] , NCT00232765 [ClinicalTrials. @entity26548 ] , and NCT00235144 [ClinicalTrials. @entity26548 ].)

title: A pooled analysis of data comparing XXXX -eluting stents with bare-metal stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: We present three important types of @entity85 of the distal humerus: @entity85 , @entity85 and @entity85 . Their primary causes are discussed. Slight @entity85 are the result of purely lateral slip of supracondylar @entity174 or @entity8032 after a lateral condylar @entity174 . Severe @entity85 occur after ulnar slip of the distal fragment following supracondylar @entity174 caused by a @entity717 . The results after correlation of @entity85 with a @entity717 are poor. The only way of obviating this problem is to recognize a @entity717 as soon as possible before adaptation of the elbow occurs, and also to correct it early, if necessary. @entity85 occur mostly after radial malunion. Depending on the size of the fragment and the disability of the @entity1 , the fragment should be stabilized-but the potential involvement of the malunion in the elbow function must be borne in mind. @entity85 and their unknown origins are also discussed. The correction of such deformities depends exclusively on the elbow function. More aggressive primary regimens are urgently needed to prevent the necessity for such secondary corrections, which are very demanding and, depending on the type, have a high failure rate.

title: [Malunited supracondylar and condylar humeral XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational deformity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Valgus deformities', 'valgus deformity', 'varus deformity', 'posttraumatic deformity', 'Complex deformities', 'complex deformity', 'varus deformities']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['radial overgrowth']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity8146 is seldom seen in adults. Its severe evolution is due, not so much to the exceptional transformation into @entity5426 , but mainly to @entity548 by @entity1003 and to severe @entity299 secondary to arteriovenous shunts. The case reported here concerns a 64 year-old @entity1 presenting @entity158 in the left hypochondrium and @entity381 . A splenectomy was performed and the histological findings were compatible with the diagnosis of @entity8146 . The evolution was unfavorable. The @entity1 died a few months later in a picture of @entity548 and @entity299 . Histological findings on autopsy specimens indicated a @entity2477 . The treatment of these @entity2695 is a difficult one. Hepatic artery ligation has been advocated in certain desperate situations. Nevertheless, because of a collateral circulation, recurrences are frequent.

title: [Lymph node-hepatosplenic XXXX in an adult with @entity1003 and fatal @entity299 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic complications', 'haemorrhagic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['rupture or consumption coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac insuffficiency', 'cardiac insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangioendothelioma', 'hepato-splenoganglionic hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: In laboratory experiments, the antifouling (AF) properties of @entity1947 ( @entity1948 ) nanorod coatings were investigated using the marine bacterium Acinetobacter sp. AZ4C, larvae of the bryozoan @entity56572 and the microalga Tetraselmis sp. @entity1948 nanorod coatings were fabricated on microscope glass substrata by a simple hydrothermal technique using two different molar concentrations (5 and 10   mM) of @entity219 precursors. These coatings were tested for 5   h under artificial sunlight (1060   W   m(-2) or 530   W   m(-2)) and in the dark (no irradiation). In the presence of light, both the @entity1948 nanorod coatings significantly reduced the density of Acinetobacter sp. AZ4C and Tetraselmis sp. in comparison to the control (microscope glass substratum without a @entity1948 coating). High mortality and low settlement of @entity56572 larvae was observed on @entity1948 nanorod coatings subjected to light irradiation. In darkness, neither mortality nor enhanced settlement of larvae was observed. Larvae of @entity56572 were not affected by @entity8862 ions. The AF effect of the @entity1948 nanorod coatings was thus attributed to the reactive @entity26 species (ROS) produced by photocatalysis. It was concluded that @entity1948 nanorod coatings effectively prevented marine micro and macrofouling in static conditions.

title: Antifouling properties of XXXX nanorod coatings.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity56572 :: ('10212', 'Species') :: ['B. neritina', 'Bugula neritina']

answer: @entity1947 :: (MESH:D015034,Chemical) :: ['zinc oxide']


abstract: Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were studied in @entity66 , an acute @entity49062 with @entity221 , @entity1910 and @entity625 . The disease is caused by a virus antigenically closely related to Sindbis virus. 75 serum specimens from 25 @entity1 with serologically verified infection were obtained from 1-87 days after the onset. Six different CIC detection methods were used and CICs were observed in all @entity1 at least with one test. Tests based on CIC binding onto @entity1 platelets followed the natural course of the disease and maximal values were observed between 10-15 days after onset. Slightly elevated levels were observed 2-3 months after onset. The mean conglutinin binding test values were slightly elevated during the whole follow-up period. The severity of @entity625 did not directly correlate to CIC levels. C3c and C1q-binding test were positive only in a few cases. Latex and enzyme immunoassay tests for rheumatoid factors gave low positive values in some of the sera. Agarose gel electrophoresis of serum proteins revealed non-specific changes in @entity6927 interzone characteristic of an @entity697 . The presence of CIC in the sera of @entity1 with @entity66 may indicate body's natural clearange mechanisms of viral antigens. CIC may have a pathogenic role in the prolonged @entity625 , even though no direct correlation with CIC levels and severity of @entity625 was observed.

title: Elevated serum immune complex levels in XXXX , an acute @entity49062 with @entity1910 and @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Pogosta disease']

entities_list: @entity49062 :: ('MESH:D018354', 'Disease') :: ['alphavirus infection']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Pogosta disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 do not undergo acute reperfusion after @entity583 , and which of these @entity1 should undergo coronary angiography is still debated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the 1-year clinical outcomes and rates of coronary angiography performed as late as 60 days after @entity583 in 3,804 @entity1 admitted between 1979 and 1988 and followed in six different centers. @entity1 less than 75 years old were classified into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups using a multivariate analysis of historical and clinical variables gathered during the first 8 hospital days. @entity1 who underwent early reperfusion (17%, all after 1984) were analyzed separately. To analyze time trends, @entity1 were compared before and after mid-1984. Mortalities from day 9 through 1 year were similar for the two time periods in the low- (3.3% versus 2.5%) and medium-risk (7.4% versus 5.6%) groups, but mortality was lower for the high-risk group after 1984 (31.6% versus 20.0%). The proportion of @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography increased dramatically in each group after 1984 (low risk, 18% versus 48%; medium risk, 23% versus 49%; high risk, 10% versus 32%, before and after 1984, respectively). Furthermore, a large percentage of @entity1 (more than 40%) in the low-risk group did not have at least one of the indications for coronary angiography recently recommended by a joint task force. Among @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography, the proportion of @entity1 with three-vessel coronary artery disease decreased after 1984, whereas the proportion undergoing mechanical revascularization in the year after @entity1188 increased in all risk groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the recent development of noninvasive techniques with high sensitivity for detecting high-risk @entity1 after @entity583 , coronary angiography is being performed increasingly in all @entity1 , including those determined to be at low risk for complications based on clinical data. The economic consequences of such a trend could be considerable, and its impact requires careful analysis.

title: Trends in use of coronary angiography in subacute phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous practice guidelines have recommended cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy as a treatment of choice for @entity308 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). However, no recent meta-analysis has examined the effects of brief psychotherapy (which includes both CBT and psychodynamic therapy) for @entity308 in @entity191 . We decided to conduct such a systematic review and meta-analysis. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of brief psychotherapy compared with control groups, other support nursing, or pharmacotherapy. The quality of included studies was strictly evaluated. Twelve studies including 766 @entity1 met all inclusion criteria. The result showed that brief psychotherapy could evidently improve the HAMD (p  <  0.00001) and Moca scale (p  =  0.006). There was no statistical significance in PDQ-39 scale (p  =  0.31). In the subgroup analysis by types of brief psychotherapy, the efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy was better than CBT ( @entity7126  =  -2.02 vs @entity7126  =  -0.90) for the outcome measure according to HAMD scale. Meanwhile, we found brief psychotherapy in China was more effective than in US ( @entity7126  =  -1.54 vs @entity7126  =  -1.23), and in low quality studies was more efficacious than in high quality studies ( @entity7126  =  -1.50 vs @entity7126  =  -1.33). Time of brief psychotherapy treatment above 6  weeks was superior to studies with less than 6  weeks treatment. We found brief psychotherapy is probable effective in the management of @entity308 in @entity191 @entity1 . But one reason to undermine the validity of findings is high clinical heterogeneity and low methodological quality of the included trials.

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic therapy for XXXX in @entity191 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'adult depression']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of short segment anterior @entity1635 surgery with bone-on-bone apposition using a dual screw, dual rod system. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Posterior segmental fixation for correction of AIS involves instrumentation of all the vertebrae included in the major curve. Our short segment anterior technique produces similar results by fusion of fewer levels. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 operated between 1996 and 2004. Twenty-eight thoracic (Lenke 1) and 17 thoracolumbar (Lenke 5). The mean age was 19 years, 87% were females, and the mean follow-up was 72 months (range 28-121 months). We operated on curves less than 85   with "total discectomy," bone-on-bone apposition, and dual-screw, dual-rod fixation. RESULTS: A mean of five vertebrae (four discs) were instrumented, with a mean operative time of 360 minutes, @entity190 of 877 mL and a hospital stay of 9.1 day. Lenke 1. The main preop thoracic curve was 52.5  , final postop curve 27.9  , by fusing five vertebrae, four discs. A spontaneous improvement of 47.5% of the lumbar compensatory curve was seen. The lower tilt angle corrected from 20.9   to 11  . Lenke 5. The preoperative thoracolumbar major curve corrected from 50.5   to 18.3   (final) with fusion of four vertebrae, three discs. A spontaneous improvement of 37.4% occurred in the thoracic compensatory curve. The preop tilt angle improved from 27.7   to 8.3  .The sagittal and coronal balance was restored in all the @entity1 . There were no neurologic, vascular, pulmonary, or implant-related complications. Union occurred within 3 months. All the @entity1 returned to an unrestricted lifestyle within 4 months. CONCLUSION: We report good results after surgical correction using our short segment bone-on-bone technique. Improvements were noted and maintained, over a 6-year period.

title: Short segment bone-on-bone instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic XXXX : a mean follow-up of six years.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 have an increased risk of @entity14 . The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features and surgical treatment of @entity31 associated with @entity1141 or @entity189 . METHODS: We operated on 41 @entity31 @entity1 since April 2000. Twelve of the cases were associated with @entity1141 or @entity189 . Ten @entity1 were male and two were female; the median age was 58.0 years, and the average duration of disease was 19.2 years. Nine cases were pancolitis type and three were left-sided type. Six cases were remission-relapsing type and six were chronic inflammation type. In 10 of 12 cases, @entity1141 or @entity189 was diagnosed before the operations. Nine cases were primary operations and two were second-time operations. RESULTS: Among ten @entity1 who underwent primary operations, four @entity1 had open surgery and six @entity1 had hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS). Seven @entity1 received anus/anal sphincter-preserving operations with reconstruction by the ileal pouch technique. Ileal pouch anal-canal @entity254 (IPACA) was performed in five cases and ileal pouch anal @entity254 (IPAA) in two cases. Abdomino-peritoneal resection was performed in two cases, proctcolectomy with permanent ileostomy in one case, and right hemicolectomy in one case. A 39-year-old @entity1 was unresectable due to dissemination of the @entity189 . A 55-year-old @entity1 who underwent IPACA showed night soiling postoperatively. Other @entity1 who received IPAA and IPACA showed favorable anal function postoperatively. Histological examination showed low-grade @entity1141 in two cases, high-grade @entity1141 in three cases, and @entity420 in seven cases. In the seven cases of @entity420 , four, two, and one cases were stage 1, 3, and 4 according to TNM classification. Three of five cases with @entity1141 were detected by surveillance colonoscopy. All @entity1 with @entity189 were symptomatic and did not undergo surveillance colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: IPACA by HALS was safely performed as an anal-preserving operation in @entity31 @entity1 with @entity1141 or @entity189 . Non-anal-preserving operations for aged @entity1 showed a preferable postoperative course. Surveillance colonoscopy is essential for detecting @entity1141 before the development of @entity189 .

title: Surgical resections of XXXX associated with @entity1141 or @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal dysplasia and carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of smoking history and age on the efficacy and safety of @entity18256 versus @entity2177 or @entity115 in @entity1 with lower @entity1729 (LRTIs). Data were pooled from six clinical trials designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity18256 in @entity2348 of the lower respiratory tract. @entity1 were selected for this analysis based on smoking history (n = 256) and age (greater than or equal to 65 years of age [n = 328]). Results in the smoker and elderly subgroups were compared between treatment groups and with those in nonsmoker and nonelderly subgroups. @entity18256 300 mg or 600 mg b.i.d., @entity2177 500 mg or 750 mg b.i.d., or @entity115 500 mg t.i.d. was administered orally for 7-14 days. @entity1 were assessed at enrollment, on study days 3-7, 24-72 hours post-treatment, and at 5-9 days post-treatment. @entity18256 and the reference drugs demonstrated comparable clinical efficacy for treatment of LRTI in smokers (93.7% and 92.5%, respectively) and the elderly (94.6% and 89.3%, respectively). However, eradication of baseline pathogens in individual @entity1 was significantly more common after @entity18256 therapy than that following treatment with the reference drugs in both smokers (99.2% versus 91.2%, p = 0.006) and elderly @entity1 (97.5% versus 91.5%, p = 0.028). Overall, eradication rates for pretreatment pathogens were also significantly higher in smokers (99.3% versus 91.8%, p = 0.006) and in the elderly (97.8% versus 92.3%, p = 0.027). Neither age nor smoking status had a consistent effect on the rate of premature discontinuation of study drugs. Adverse events occurred at a similar rate between treatment groups in the elderly and in the smokers. @entity18256 appears to be a promising alternative to therapy with either @entity2177 or @entity115 in the treatment of @entity1729 in high-risk @entity1 , smokers, and the elderly.

title: Efficacy of @entity18256 versus @entity2177 or XXXX for lower @entity1729 in smokers and the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity18256 :: ('MESH:C054745', 'Chemical') :: ['temafloxacin', 'Temafloxacin']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that @entity4940 using @entity19592 8 mg.l(-1) eliminates protein deposits from the reusable metallic and synthetic rubber airway equipment. Twenty Macintosh laryngoscope blades (surgical steel), 20 pairs of Magill's forceps (surgical steel) and 20 Guedel airways (synthetic rubber) were allocated to two groups for @entity4940 . In group A, the device was immersed in @entity19592 8 mg.l(-1). In group B (controls), the device was immersed in sterile water. The devices were then immersed in a protein staining solution, rinsed and the severity of staining was scored. In addition, the devices were inspected for tissue and then tested for occult blood. Protein contamination was lower in the @entity19592 group for all devices (each device: p < 0.0001). There was no staining detected in the @entity14324 group. In the permanganate group, dried tissue was detected in the teeth of one pair of forceps, which was not detected following @entity4940 . Additionally, occult blood was detected on two pairs of forceps and a laryngoscope blade, which was not detected following @entity4940 . In the control group, no tissue was detected but one pair of forceps and two laryngoscope blades tested positive for occult blood before and after @entity4940 . We conclude that @entity4940 using @entity19592 8 mg.l(-1) eliminates protein deposits from re-usable metallic and synthetic rubber airway equipment.

title: The effect of high concentration XXXX on protein contamination from metallic and synthetic rubber airway equipment.

entities_list: @entity14324 :: ('MESH:C048856', 'Chemical') :: ['permanganate']

entities_list: @entity19592 :: ('MESH:D011196', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium permanganate']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['supplementary cleaning']

answer: @entity19592 :: (MESH:D011196,Chemical) :: ['potassium permanganate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of extended retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy as surgical therapy for @entity420 of the head of the pancreas. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity420 of the head of the pancreas were treated by standard pancreatoduodenectomy (standard group) between 1994 and 1997, and 46 @entity1 with the same disease underwent extended retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy associated with standard pancreatoduodenectomy (radical group) between 1998 and 2002. Clinical and pathological parameters in both groups were reviewed. The postoperative morbidity, mortality, and survival data were compared. RESULTS: The mean total number of lymph nodes resected was significantly higher in the radical group than in the standard group (P < 0.05). Of the 46 @entity1 in the radical group, 26.09% (12/46) had @entity420 in the resected retroperitoneal lymph nodes. There was one perioperative @entity204 in the standard group and two in the radical group. Postoperative diarrhea and lymphatic leakage were only observed in the radical group. Transfusion requirements and postoperative morbidity did not differ between the two groups. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 63.16%, 31.58%, and 21.05% in the standard group, and 65.91%, 37.71%, and 21.21% in the radical group (P > 0.05). When the subgroups of @entity1 with positive lymph nodes were analyzed, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 41.67%, 16.67%, and 8.33% in the standard group, and 64.52%, 32.26%, and 12.9% in the radical group (P < 0.05). A trend toward a better survival was observed in the first 2 years after operation in the radical group, but with no significant differences 2 years later. CONCLUSION: The addition of an extended lymphadenectomy may improve the early survival without increasing the morbidity, but has no significant effect on long-term survival.

title: [Outcome of extended retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of XXXX of the head of the pancreas].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Previously, we reported an effective chemotherapeutic combination regimen for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ): @entity900 , @entity632 , @entity786 , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 ( @entity62567 ). Forty-one @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1149 Stages III-A and III-B were entered into the protocol of neoadjuvant @entity62567 chemotherapy. Following two courses of chemotherapy, the @entity1 were evaluated for surgical therapy. The overall response rate to the chemotherapy was 60%. Subsequently, 65% of the @entity1 underwent surgical resection. The overall estimated median survival was 18 months. The survival of @entity1 in III-A was 36 months and that of III-B was 18 months (95% confidence lower bounds for III-A: 8 months and for III-B: 13 months). There was one chemotherapy-related mortality but no surgical mortality. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity62567 regiment offers an alternative to chemoradiation therapy, without increasing the surgical mortality, and should be validated in a randomized clinical trial. For successful neoadjuvant chemotherapy of Stage III @entity1149 , chemotherapy combination which would give a high response rate without significant side effects must be chosen.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of stage III-A and B lung carcinoma using the XXXX regimen.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity62567 :: (MESH:C040122,Chemical) :: ['PACCO']