abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether ultrasound can identify anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody-positive @entity1 without @entity922 ( @entity922 ) who progress to @entity625 ( @entity625 ). METHODS: In a prospective study, anti-CCP-positive @entity1 without @entity922 underwent ultrasound imaging of 32 joints (wrists, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints and @entity2720 ( @entity2720 )) and were monitored for the development of @entity625 . Associations between baseline ultrasound findings ( @entity11144 ( @entity11144 ), power @entity2681 ) and (1) progression to @entity625 and (2) development of @entity922 within an individual joint were measured. RESULTS: Consecutive anti-CCP-positive @entity1 (n=136; mean age 51   years, 100 @entity1 ) were followed up for median of 18.3   months (range 0.1-79.6). At baseline 96% had @entity11144 , 30% had PD and 21% had one or more @entity2681 . @entity625 developed in 57 @entity1 (42%) after median of 8.6   months (range 0.1-52.4). Ultrasound abnormalities ( @entity11144 >= 2, PD >= 1 or erosion >= 1) were found in 86% at baseline compared with 67% of non-progressors (  (2)=6.3, p=0.012). Progression to @entity625 was significantly higher in those with ultrasound findings in any joint (excluding @entity2720 for @entity11144 ) ( @entity11144 >= 2: 55% vs 24%, HR (95% CI) 2.3 (1.0 to 4.9), p=0.038; PD >= 2: 75% vs 32%, 3.7 (2.0 to 6.9), p<0.001 and erosion >= 1: 71% vs 34%, 2.9 (1.7 to 5.1), p<0.001). Furthermore, progression occurred earlier with PD >= 2 (median 7.1 vs 52.4   months) and erosion >= 1 (15.4 vs 46.5). At the individual joint level, the trend for progression to @entity922 was more significant for @entity11144 and PD ( @entity11144 >= 2: 26% vs 3%, 9.4 (5.1 to 17.5), p<0.001; PD >= 2: 55% vs 4%, 31.3 (15.6 to 62.9), p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound features of @entity32 may be detected in anti-CCP-positive @entity1 without @entity922 . Ultrasound findings predict progression (and rate of progression) to @entity625 , with the risk of progression highest in those with PD signal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02012764; Results.

title: Ultrasound findings predict progression to XXXX in anti-CCP antibody-positive @entity1 without @entity922 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['IA', 'inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosions', 'Doppler (PD) and erosions']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['MTPs', 'metatarsophalangeal joints']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical synovitis', 'CS']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['inflammatory arthritis']


abstract: CONTEXT: There is consensus in the research literature that substance use disparities exist among sexual minority @entity1 and @entity1 ; however, few studies have examined risk factors that may contribute to these disparities. AIMS: To compare reports of life-time victimization experiences in a US national sample of adult heterosexual and sexual minority @entity1 and @entity1 and to examine the relationships between victimization experiences and past-year substance use disorders. DESIGN, @entity1 , MEASUREMENTS: The secondary data analyses used 2004-05 ( @entity13831 ) National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity167 and Related Conditions (NESARC) data collected in structured diagnostic face-to-face interviews in the United States. @entity734 ( @entity734 ) were defined according to DSM-IV criteria and included past-year @entity988 , @entity167 @entity734 , @entity734 and @entity734 . The sample consisted of 34 653 adults aged 20 years and older; approximately 2% of the respondents self-identified as sexual minority (lesbian, gay or bisexual). FINDINGS: Results showed strong associations between victimization and any past-year @entity734 and confirmed findings from several previous studies indicating that, compared with heterosexuals, sexual minority @entity1 and @entity1 are at heightened risk for life-time victimization. However, prevalence of the seven victimization experiences and the degree of association between individual victimization experiences and @entity734 varied substantially across sexual minority subgroups. The childhood victimization variables-especially childhood neglect-showed the strongest and most consistent associations with @entity734 . Odds of @entity734 were generally higher among both female and male respondents, regardless of sexual identity, who reported multiple (two or more) victimization experiences than among those who reported no life-time victimization, suggesting a possible cumulative effect of multiple victimization experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Higher rates of life-time victimization, particularly victimization experienced in childhood, may help to explain higher rates of substance use disorders among sexual minorities. However, more research is needed to understand better the complex relationships among @entity458 and substance use.

title: Victimization and substance use disorders in a national sample of heterosexual and sexual minority XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcohol abuse']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual orientation, victimization']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug dependence', 'dependence', 'drug abuse', 'SUDs', 'Substance use disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: In vitro synergism between interferons (IFNs) and chemotherapeutic drugs has been demonstrated, and an enhancement of IFN's antiproliferative effects when combined with @entity4444 has been suggested in @entity320 @entity1 . In this pilot study, 12 @entity1 with advanced @entity320 received HuIFN beta by 30 min i.v. infusion at 30 X 10(6) u/m2 day for 4 days, followed by i.v. @entity2699 ( @entity2699 ) 1.0 g/m2 on day 5, repeated every 4 weeks. Oral @entity4444 , 300 mg q.i.d., was given continuously. All the @entity1 had visceral (bulky) metastases. No objective responses were observed; however, two @entity1 had stable diseases for 16 and 20 weeks, respectively. Mild chills and fever with IFN, and mild to moderate emesis with @entity2699 , were noted. No additive @entity99 was observed. Combination of HuIFN beta, @entity2699 , and @entity4444 is relatively nontoxic, but does not appear to have a significant antitumor activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity320 .

title: Combination of fibroblast interferon (HuIFN beta), carboxamide ( @entity2699 ), and @entity4444 for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['decarbazine', 'DTIC']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['haemopoietic or hepatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The overuse of imaging, particularly for staging of @entity263 , is well documented and widespread. The existing literature, which focuses on the elderly in fee-for-service settings, points to financial incentives as a driver of overuse and may not identify factors relevant to policy solutions within integrated health care systems, where physicians are salaried. METHODS: Imaging rates were analyzed among @entity1 with incident @entity263 diagnosed between 2004 and 2011 within the Colorado and Northwest regions of Kaiser Permanente. The sample was stratified according to indication for imaging, ie, high risk for whom imaging was necessary versus low risk for whom imaging was discouraged. Logistic regression was used to model the association between imaging receipt and clinical/demographic @entity1 characteristics by risk strata. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 with @entity263 , 35% received nonindicated imaging at diagnosis, whereas 42% of @entity1 with high-risk @entity263 did not receive indicated imaging. Compared with @entity1 diagnosed in 2004, those diagnosed in subsequent years were less likely to receive imaging across both risk groups. @entity1 with high-risk @entity5 diagnosed at >=  65 years of age and those with clinical stage >=  T2 were more likely to receive indicated imaging. @entity1 with comorbidities were more likely to receive imaging across both risk groups. @entity1 with @entity263 who had higher median household incomes were less likely to receive nonindicated imaging. CONCLUSION: Nonindicated imaging for diagnostic staging of @entity1 with @entity263 was common, but has decreased over the past decade. These findings suggest that factors other than financial incentives may be driving overuse of imaging.

title: Use of Evidence-Based XXXX Imaging in a Nongovernmental Integrated Health Care System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'low-risk prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: As a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, @entity22443 ( @entity22444 ) contaminates various foodstuffs and animal feed commodities. In the present study, the effects of @entity22444 on cell cycle arrest and microtubule formation were investigated by applying @entity1 embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells as a model. Exposure of HEK293 cells to @entity22444 resulted in an arrest of cell cycle G2/M in a concentration-dependent increase. Administrating @entity22444 elevated the expression levels of @entity876 and @entity3544 proteins, yet attenuated the signals of phosphorylated @entity10610 ( @entity10610 ). Furthermore, treating HEK293 with @entity22444 increased both the value of mitotic index and the population of cells recognized by antibody mitotic protein monoclonal 2, suggesting that arrest of @entity22444 -induced cell cycle occurred mainly during the mitotic phase. With the assistance of immunocytostaining of a-tubulin, @entity22444 was found to disrupt the stable microtubule skeleton during the interphase of cell cycle and also interfere with the mitotic spindle integrity during mitosis. Additionally, for either in vivo or in vitro assays, @entity22444 effectively inhibited tubulin polymerization in a concentration-dependent manner. When @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to @entity22444 , the percentage of cells with numerical chromosome changes was increased by 4.3-fold over that of vehicle-treated group. Results of this study suggest that @entity22444 -activated G2/M arrest primarily arises from the inhibition of tubulin polymerization and associated mitotic spindle formation. Additionally, disruption of microtubule organization by @entity22444 also contributes to the induction of numerical chromosome aberration in @entity1 cells.

title: Mycotoxin XXXX induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and numerical chromosomal aberration associated with disruption of microtubule formation in @entity1 cells.

entities_list: @entity10610 :: ('983', 'Gene') :: ['cdc2', 'cell division cycle 2']

answer: @entity22443 :: (MESH:D002953,Chemical) :: ['citrinin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Navajo @entity13144 is a disease identified in Navajo @entity1 , primarily residing in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. To date, there are no reports in the orthopaedic literature regarding this disorder, particularly the clinical manifestations and treatment considerations. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective chart and radiographic review of 2 @entity1 with @entity24156 . We present these 2 @entity1 as representative of the orthopaedic manifestations of @entity24156 . RESULTS: Both @entity1 have significant axial and @entity79 , @entity3481 , @entity1931 and also @entity3797 . They have normal intelligence. Both @entity1 underwent surgical interventions, with recurrent @entity85 being the most common complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity24156 is a rare clinical entity, seen most commonly in the southwestern regions of the United States. @entity1 are found to have a @entity854 , and surgical intervention, while sometimes indicated, can be fraught with complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

title: Orthopaedic manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['heat intolerance']

entities_list: @entity24156 :: ('MESH:C538344', 'Disease') :: ['Navajo familial neurogenic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity13144 :: ('MESH:D001177', 'Disease') :: ['Familial Neurogenic Arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-type arthopathy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular bone abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['myriad of orthopaedic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and infection']

entities_list: @entity3797 :: ('MESH:D007007', 'Disease') :: ['anhidrosis']

answer: @entity24156 :: (MESH:C538344,Disease) :: ['Navajo familial neurogenic arthropathy']


abstract: AIM: We sought to explore ventricular function in @entity1 with lone paroxysmal @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and determine the mid- and long-term impact of pulmonary vein isolation on cardiac remodeling. BACKGROUND: The relationship between @entity591 and @entity67 is still a matter of debate. @entity591 -induced @entity296 is defined as reversible @entity296 following treatment for @entity591 . METHOD: We prospectively studied 31 @entity1 (56.4    10 years) presenting with @entity955 who were treated successfully by catheter ablation and 15 age-matched controls. Left and right ventricular functions were assessed by echocardiography at baseline and at 3-month and 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: In @entity955 - @entity1 , LV-function was slightly lower at baseline than controls (LV-ejection fraction was 60% versus 64%; P = 0.06). More impressive, systolic peak velocity on Doppler tissue imaging was 9 cm/s in @entity955 @entity1 (versus 12 cm/s; P = 0.0004). @entity6475 was also significantly different between the two groups ( @entity1 : -16% versus controls: -19%; P = 0.005). At 1-year follow-up, most functional parameters significantly improved in the @entity955 - @entity1 and no longer differed from the controls. Right ventricular (RV) function was also depressed in @entity955 @entity1 at baseline. At 1-year follow-up, tissue Doppler showed improvement in RV-S' (+27%, P = 0.007) and RV peak systolic strain (+36%, P<0.0001) and became comparable to controls. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that some degree of @entity296 exists in @entity1 presenting with lone @entity955 . Catheter ablation improved RV and LV functions. Longitudinal function is the most sensitive component of ventricular systole to monitor when looking for this cardiac reverse remodeling.

title: Early and late cardiac ventricular reverse remodeling after catheter ablation for lone paroxysmal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial dysfunction', 'arrhythmic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia', 'Tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['LV global longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'paroxysmal-AF']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The novel @entity2353 agent @entity136 has demonstrated antitumor activity against a variety of solid @entity5 and is associated with low @entity137 . A phase I trial in Germany of @entity136 combined with the alkylating agent @entity1260 has shown encouraging activity against @entity1149 . The efficacy and @entity137 of this combination was further evaluated in a phase II trial involving chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with @entity1149 (mostly stage IV disease). @entity136 was administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15, followed by a 1-week rest, while @entity1260 was given at a dose of 1,500 mg/m2 on days 8 through 12. Fifty-five @entity1 were treated, 49 of whom are evaluable for response. Six @entity1 were not evaluable because they had not received sufficient therapy (less than one complete cycle) because of early disease progression or @entity204 . Twelve @entity1 responded, for an overall objective response rate of 24.5%. The median survival time was 8.9 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 30.9%. Grades 3 and 4 @entity1398 occurred in 30.2% and 24.5% of @entity1 , respectively, but the incidence of @entity281 was low. These results indicate that the combination of @entity136 and @entity1260 is active against @entity1149 and has a mild @entity137 profile, and suggest that further evaluation of this combination is warranted.

title: XXXX and @entity136 : a phase II trial in advanced inoperable @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['Ifosfamide']


abstract: Adult Swiss albino @entity19 were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10 (6) Ehrlich ascites @entity189 cells. Twenty-four hours later they were given an i.p. injection of 10-60 mg/kg of @entity12900 (WA), isolated from the roots of Withania somnifera. The @entity5 growth and @entity5 free animal survival were studied for up to 120 days. In another experiment 30 mg/kg WA was injected i.p. to @entity19 at 1, 3 or 5 days after @entity5 cell injection with or without acute abdominal exposure to 7.5 Gy gamma radiation and the @entity5 growth and 120-day survival were studied. WA inhibited @entity5 growth and @entity5 free survival in a dose-dependent manner. The drug ED50 for 120-day survival was approximately 30 mg/kg body wt. Drug treatment before irradiation synergistically increased 120-day even in advanced @entity5 . A dose of 30 mg/kg seems to be optimum for combination with radiation.

title: In vivo growth inhibitory and radiosensitizing effects of @entity12900 on XXXX Ehrlich ascites @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'increased tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity12900 :: ('MESH:C009684', 'Chemical') :: ['withaferin A']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Adhesion of @entity3584 -fixed @entity1 red blood cells (RBC) to @entity852 was measured as a function of concentration of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations. The effectiveness for preventing adhesion was trivalent > divalent > monovalent. Adhesion increased with ionic strength but no specificity of cations in a particular valency group was observed. Adhesion as a function of @entity1219 concentration was not affected by temperature between 1 degrees C and 22 degrees C but decreased in 150 mM @entity1219 above pH 6. @entity1573 RBC and neuraminidase-treated @entity1 RBC were more adhesive than untreated @entity1 RBC in @entity1219 . In 150 mM @entity1219 , adhesion of @entity1 RBC decreased in the presence of hemolyzate or @entity968 (mol. wt. 10,000-300,000). These results support the hypothesis that RBC adhesion to @entity852 occurs in the primary minimum of the potential energy of interaction and is governed by attractive London-Van der Waals and repulsive electrostatic forces. The implications were applied to study of hemagglutination of RBC with lectin and lectin-labeled gold granules in @entity852 microplates.

title: Adhesion of @entity1 and @entity1573 red blood cells to @entity852 : influence of electrolyte and XXXX concentration.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycols']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: A 57-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity453 and placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator presented at our emergency room with an anterior ST-elevation @entity583 . Cardiac catheterization revealed an acutely occluded left main coronary artery, which was revascularized successfully with a bare-metal stent. Periprocedurally, the @entity1 received @entity117 , @entity1397 , unfractionated heparin, and @entity15684 . The @entity1 was discharged a week later, but he returned to the emergency room the same day with recurrence of severe @entity662 . Repeat cardiac catheterization revealed an acutely occluded stent, and the @entity1 underwent repeat bare-metal stent placement and readministration of @entity15684 . On the next day, the @entity1 's platelet count dropped acutely to less than 12,000/mm3. A test for @entity6950 -induced @entity882 antibody was negative. After discontinuation of @entity15684 , the @entity1 's platelet count gradually returned to normal, and he was later discharged from the hospital with no complications. @entity15684 -induced acute @entity882 is a known but rare adverse effect. We review the handful of case reports in the medical literature, with emphasis on the prevalence, observed clinical course, and recently proposed physiologic mechanisms that probably are responsible for this phenomenon.

title: Left main stent thrombosis complicated by XXXX -induced acute @entity882 .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity15684 :: ('MESH:C086648', 'Chemical') :: ['eptifibatide', 'Eptifibatide']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity15684 :: (MESH:C086648,Chemical) :: ['eptifibatide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity363 ( @entity363 ) is a hormonal-dependent infection but in contrast to sporadic @entity363 , therapy of recurrent @entity363 (RVVC) is still unsolved. Long-term administration of @entity11796 was evaluated for the management of RVVC. Overall, 20 @entity1 were treated with Depo-Provera; 14 @entity1 were treated with Provera. Gestagen therapy was evaluated based on visual analogue scale (VAS), the frequency of attacks, the side effects of gestagens and the consumption of antifungals. There was a reduced symptomatology in both of the groups and substantial reduction in antifungal drug consumption during the second year of gestagen use. Twenty-four @entity1 (70.6%) evaluated their condition regarding the vulvovaginal area as improvement (VAS decrease of 3-5 points). Five @entity1 (14.7%) mentioned minimal or no improvement. Further, a number of antifungal drug-treated episodes dropped dramatically during the study period. Both regimes provided similar results, but five @entity1 from the Depo-Provera group had to withdraw from gestagen therapy. Gestagen supplementation ameliorated the quality of life for the majority of @entity1 with RVVC and suggested a potential role in the management of this syndrome, even if beneficial effect was evident after longer application, and some @entity1 met with side effects that led to an interruption of therapy.

title: Comparison of two long-term gestagen regimens in the management of recurrent XXXX : A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity363 :: ('MESH:D002181', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal candidiasis', 'VVC', 'Vulvovaginal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

answer: @entity363 :: (MESH:D002181,Disease) :: ['vulvovaginal candidiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6108 is a food chemical present in tumeric (Curcuma longa) that has pharmacological activity to suppress @entity105 and inhibits multiple signaling pathways such as nuclear factor @entity1991 ( @entity1991 ), @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) and @entity3806 ( @entity3806 ). Oral @entity6108 has poor oral bioavailability limiting its clinical activity; however, a patent pending liposomal formulation of @entity6108 was developed to improve drug delivery and has demonstrated activity in multiple @entity5 . This study was designed to determine the minimum effective dose (MED) as well as the optimal dosing schedule of liposomal @entity6108 in a xenograft @entity19 model of @entity1 @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MED determination and optimal schedule was evaluated in female athymic @entity19 injected subcutaneously with MiaPaCa-2 cells. Dosing was initiated at an average @entity5 size of 5mm. For the MED, @entity19 were treated with the following dose levels of liposomal @entity6108 : no treatment, liposome only, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg given by tail vein injection three times weekly for 28 days. For the optimum dosing schedule, three additional schedules were evaluated and compared to the control of three times weekly; daily (five days per week), every four days, and weekly for 28 days. All @entity19 were weighed and @entity5 measurements taken three times weekly to evaluate @entity137 and efficacy. RESULTS: The 20 mg/kg dose had the greatest decrease in @entity5 growth at 52% decrease in @entity5 growth when compared to no treatment control @entity19 . MED was determined to be 20 mg/kg and was used for the optimal dosing schedule determination. Daily dosing and three times per week dosing had greater inhibition of @entity5 growth with no discernable difference than once weekly or every 4 day dosing. No @entity137 was observed at any dose or schedule. CONCLUSION: The MED for liposomal @entity6108 is 20 mg/kg given once daily three times per week to achieve optimal @entity5 growth inhibition. This was dose recommended for additional preclinical studies to define safety and tolerability of liposomal @entity6108 in @entity35 and @entity235 models.

title: Determination of minimum effective dose and optimal dosing schedule for liposomal XXXX in a xenograft @entity1 @entity788 model.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin', 'curcumin']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity6108 :: (MESH:D003474,Chemical) :: ['curcumin']


abstract: The efficiency of transcutaneous and intravesical temporary electrostimulation were evaluated in @entity1 with neurogenic and @entity409 . Non-invasive electrostimulation was performed in 42 @entity1 with @entity409 , at the age of 4 months to 15 years. In 5 @entity1 rectal electrode and impulse frequency of 50 Hz was used because of incompetent urethral function. In 9 @entity1 with detrusor overactivity rectal electrode and impulse frequency of 5 Hz was used. In 12 @entity1 with discoordinated voiding electrostimulation with rectal electrode was used in biofeedback training. In one case intravesical electrostimulation was used in a @entity1 with lazy @entity1494 . In 15 @entity1 with @entity409 intravesical electrostimulation was used to improve bladder sensation. The efficiency of the treatment was evaluated on the base of urodynamic investigation and @entity1 ' observations. The improvement was observed in 3 @entity1 from the group with @entity6369 , both in urodynamic parameters and subjective @entity1 ' observations. One @entity1 claimed no change in continence despite improvement in cystometric and profilometric testing. In one @entity1 no change in urodynamic evaluation and continence was observed. Good results were observed in the group of 9 @entity1 in which electrostimulation with rectal electrode was a part of the biofeedback training in discoordinated voiding. In the group of 9 @entity1 in whom electrostimulation with rectal electrode was used because of detrusor overactivity in 5 cases improvement in cystometric capacity was estimated. The estimation of usefulness of the intravesical electrostimulation in @entity1 with @entity409 is not possible because of too short time of observation and the age of @entity1 . We had to stop stimulation with rectal electrode in one @entity1 because of @entity32 of the skin in perineal region caused by @entity2335 . In two @entity1 stimulated with intravesical electrodes a new infection of urinary tract was observed. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Electrostimulation is a non-invasive, save method in the treatment of @entity409 . 2. Electrostimulation with rectal electrodes is an effective method of treatment in cases of @entity6369 , and an alternative method of treatment for detrusor overactivity. 3. Electrostimulation with rectal electrodes is an additional tool in biofeedback training of discoordinated voiding.

title: [Electrostimulation in treatment of neurogenic and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethral incompetence']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction', 'non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction', 'neurogenic voiding dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction']


abstract: CONTEXT: Diagnosis and treatment of @entity788 increased significantly in the last decades. There are only a few Brazilian publications on these @entity5 . The majority of them are limited to reports of one or few cases. OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with 27 @entity1 with @entity788 . METHODS: Demographic data, clinical manifestations, diagnostic exams, surgical procedures, @entity260 , and follow-up data of 27 @entity1 with @entity788 were analyzed, according to the histological type of the @entity5 . RESULTS: There were 10 (37%) @entity5 , 10 (37%) mucinous @entity5 , 4 (15%) @entity5 , and 3 (11%) solid @entity5 or Frantz @entity5 . All @entity5 , 6 (60%) mucinous @entity5 , 2 (50%) @entity5 , and 2 (67%) solid @entity5 were benign. The age of the @entity1 varied from 31 to 82 years and all @entity5 were more common in female. Two @entity1 had been treated previously as a pseudocyst. Surgical procedures depended on the location and extension of the @entity5 . Two @entity1 underwent only laparotomy with @entity5 biopsy, one cholecystectomy with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for @entity1087 treatment, 6 pancreatoduodenectomy, and 18 partial pancreatectomy. The most common @entity260 was @entity3472 (n = 5; 19%). One @entity1 died of @entity788 . Of the 10 @entity1 with serous @entity5 , only 1 had @entity5 recurrence at the section border. The three @entity1 with @entity3079 in which was not possible to resect the @entity5 , died 6 to 24 months after laparotomy. The six @entity1 with @entity5 did not have @entity5 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The most common @entity788 are serous and mucinous cysts. These @entity5 are more frequent in female. Although almost all serous cysts are benign, 40% of mucinous cysts are malign. Misdiagnosis may delay appropriate treatment and increase mortality.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic pancreatitis', 'cystic neoplasms of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pseudopapillary tumors', 'cystic tumors', 'cystic tumor', 'benign mucinous tumors', 'serous cystic tumors', 'tumors', 'intraductal papillary mucinous tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['cystic neoplasms of the pancreas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the safety and efficacy of @entity956 ( @entity956 ) ablation using 8- or 10-mm electrode catheters and a 100-W radiofrequency (RF) generator. BACKGROUND: Large-tip electrode catheters may be more effective for ablation of @entity956 . METHODS: There were 169 @entity1 (age 61 +/- 12 years). Short-term end points were bidirectional isthmus block and no inducible @entity956 . After ablation, @entity1 were seen at one, three, and six months, with event monitoring performed weekly and for any symptoms. Three quality-of-life (QOL) surveys were completed during follow-up. RESULTS: Short-term success was achieved in 158 @entity1 (93%), with 12 +/- 11 RF applications. The efficacy of 8- and 10-mm electrodes was similar (p = NS). The number of RF applications (10 +/- 8 vs. 14 +/- 8) and ablation time (0.5 +/- 0.4 h vs. 0.8 +/- 0.6 h) were less with the 10- versus 8-mm electrode, respectively (p < 0.01). Of 158 @entity1 with short-term success, 42 @entity1 were not evaluated for success at six months because of study exclusions. Of 116 @entity1 with short-term success evaluated at six months, 112 (97%) @entity1 had no @entity956 recurrence. Of those without @entity956 recurrence at six months, 95% and 93% remained free of symptoms at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Ablation of @entity956 improved QOL scores (p < 0.05) and reduced anti-arrhythmic and rate-control drug use (p < 0.05). Complications occurred in 6 (3.6%) of 169 @entity1 , but there were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Ablation of @entity956 with 8- or 10-mm electrode catheters and a high-power RF generator was safe and effective and improved QOL. The number and duration of RF applications were lower with 10- versus 8-mm electrode catheters.

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of type 1 XXXX using large-tip 8- or 10-mm electrode catheters and a high-output radiofrequency energy generator: results of a multicenter safety and efficacy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess primary success and safety of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and/or stenting of innominate @entity455 and to compare its 30-day @entity64 /mortality level with the literature data. METHODS: A total of 72 @entity1 (77 stenoses, five recurrent, 58 symptomatic and 39 female) with seven innominate vessel occlusions, @entity75 and 61 significant (>60%) stenoses of innominate artery treated between 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. With the exception of seven, all procedures were performed using a transfemoral approach. A stent was implanted in 49 (63.6%) cases. Follow-up included neurological examination, carotid duplex scan and office/telephone interview. RESULTS: Primary technical success was 93.5% (72/77). There was neither periprocedural (<48 h) death, nor major @entity16 . Minor periprocedural @entity16 consisted of 2/72 (2.6%) ipsilateral TIAs. Access site complications included 4 (5.2%) access site bleedings. Follow-up was achieved in 65/72 (90.3%) of all @entity1 and 68 (88.3%) of all procedures for a mean of 42.3 months and revealed neither major @entity16 , nor additional TIA. The cumulative primary patency rate was 100% at 12 months, 98+/-1.6% at 24 months, and 69.9+/-8.5% at 96 months. The cumulative secondary patency rate was 100% at 12 and at 24 months, and 81.5+/-7.7% at 96 months. Log-rank test showed no significant difference (p=0.79) in primary cumulative patencies between PTA alone (n=28) or PTA/stent (n=49). CONCLUSION: Transfemoral PTA with or without stent appears to be a safe treatment option for innominate @entity455 .

title: Percutaneous endovascular treatment of innominate XXXX : a single-centre experience on 77 lesions.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['nine subocclusive lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complication', 'neurological complications']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['artery lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1422 ( @entity1422 ) is an inherited @entity74 characterized by a complete or partial lack, or mutation, of the @entity1427 /IIIa complex (integrin a(IIb)b(3)) on the thrombocytes' surface, leading to a severe @entity548 syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Molecular genetic analysis was performed in @entity1 with suspected @entity1422 . The aim of the present study was the identification of new natural variants, their impact on platelet function, and their relation to the risk of @entity548 . RESULTS: Expression of the platelet integrin a(IIb)b(3) was determined by flow cytometry. Mutations were identified through sequencing of cDNA and genomic DNA. In addition, platelet function studies (PAC-binding, aggregations) were implemented. The study included 25 @entity1 revealing 13 mutations ( @entity1427 : n = 9; @entity1428 : n = 4). Two of the 13 mutations were previously described ( @entity9343 ; @entity9344 ). The remaining mutations have not been published yet, whereas 1 mutation in 2 unrelated families was identical ( @entity9345 ). CONCLUSION: All @entity1 with less than 25% of present a(IIb)b(3) have a medical history of @entity548 .

title: Novel Mutations in the XXXX and @entity1428 Genes in Glanzmann @entity1422 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive platelet disorder']

entities_list: @entity1422 :: ('MESH:D013915', 'Disease') :: ['Glanzmann thrombasthenia', 'GT']

answer: @entity1427 :: (3674,Gene) :: ['GPIIb']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Sleep related complaints and rapid eye movement (REM) @entity146 (RBD) are commonly reported in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The study aimed to compare the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity191 with RBD versus those without RBD. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity191 were evaluated with detailed clinical history, examination and questionnaire on sleep RBD over a two year period. Clinical scores included Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn _ Yahr Stage (H _ Y), Schwab and England (S _ E) scale, Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), EuroQol, @entity191 Sleep Scale (PDSS) and Epworth Sleep Scale (ESS). The qualitative data was analyzed using chi square/Fischer's exact test and continuous variables were analyzed using Student's t-test. RESULTS: The study included a total of 134 @entity1 . RBD was present in 26 (19.4%) @entity1 . There was increased occurrence of @entity1833 in @entity1 with RBD. None of the @entity1 had @entity191 . @entity1 with RBD had significantly higher prevalence of @entity22 , early morning awakenings and snoring. Most clinical events were brief and confined to vocalization or limb movements. CONCLUSION: RBD may precede or follow @entity191 onset. RBD has association with higher occurrence of @entity1833 and other nocturnal problems; although most of these episodes were brief, had static course and were not associated with @entity146 .

title: RBD in XXXX : a clinical case control study from North India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior disorder', 'violent behavior']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['familial PD', "Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia, nocturnal awakening']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the ability of contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) to characterize the nature of peripancreatic collections. METHODS: Twenty five @entity1 with peripancreatic collections on CECT and who underwent operative intervention for severe acute @entity788 were retrospectively studied. The collections were classified into (1) @entity39 without frank pus; (2) @entity39 with pus; and (3) fluid without @entity39 . A blinded radiologist assessed the preoperative CTs of each @entity1 for @entity39 and peripancreatic fluid collections. @entity1358 were described in terms of volume, location, number, heterogeneity, fluid attenuation, wall perceptibility, wall enhancement, presence of extraluminal gas, and vascular compromise. RESULTS: Fifty-four collections were identified at operation, of which 45 (83%) were identified on CECT. Of these, 25/26 (96%) had @entity39 without pus, 16/19 (84%) had @entity39 with pus, and 4/9 (44%) had fluid without @entity39 . Among the study characteristics, fluid heterogeneity was seen in a greater proportion of collections in the group with @entity39 and pus, compared to the other two groups (94% vs 48% and 25%, P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Among the wall characteristics, irregularity was seen in a greater proportion of collections in the groups with @entity39 with and without pus, when compared to the group with fluid without @entity39 (88% and 71% vs 25%, P = 0.06 and P < 0.01, respectively). The combination of heterogeneity and presence of extraluminal gas had a specificity and positive likelihood ratio of 92% and 5.9, respectively, in detecting pus. CONCLUSION: Most of the peripancreatic collections seen on CECT in @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 who require operative intervention contain @entity39 tissue. CECT has a somewhat limited role in differentiating the different types of collections.

title: @entity1358 in acute XXXX : correlation between computerized tomography and operative findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Peripancreatic collections']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: A survey of the medical literature reveals conflicting data as to whether @entity2259 occurs during endoscopic examination of the lower gastrointestinal tract. In an attempt to study this problem a prospective study was undertaken, and the first arm of the study included @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy. The second arm of the study, comprising @entity1 undergoing proctosigmoidoscopy, will be presented subsequently. Fifty-one @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy were studied. Excluded from the study were @entity1 with elevation of temperature above 101 degrees F, @entity29 , @entity294 , @entity340 , vascular prosthesis, chemotherapy, or immunosuppression. Aerobic and anaerobic culture were done before and after the procedure, as well as at timed intervals during the procedure. Whenever biopsy or polypectomy were carried out, further cultures were done. Skin cultures were done from venipuncture sites. In one @entity1 (2 per cent) @entity5938 was found in more than one set of cultures. Polypectomy or biopsy were not associated with @entity2259 .

title: XXXX associated with lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, fact or fiction? I. Colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Increased BMI is a risk factor for @entity565 in @entity1 and may be related to adipokines. @entity1253 affect insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake in vitro but, to date there is little evidence for such a role in vivo. We explored relationships between @entity28 and @entity56 in @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity56 asthmatics (AA) and 10 non- @entity56 healthy controls, aged 6-17.9 years were studied. AA group included @entity1 with a positive @entity2656 challenge test, >25 ppb of exhaled @entity842 and a positive skin prick test. BMI z-scores were calculated. Blood levels of insulin, @entity413 , leptin, resistin, @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, @entity3646 , @entity225 and @entity650 were measured. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in BMI z-scores between AA and healthy controls (mean: 0.01 vs -0.10). However, significant differences were found in the blood levels of @entity650 (P = 0.05), @entity3646 (P = 0.04), @entity225 (P = 0.01) and leptin (P = 0.02). IR was only found in the AA group (42.85%). Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly related to @entity650 (r = 0.44, P = 0.05) and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha (r = -0.45, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IR was observed in AA. Our findings are suggestive of a complex interaction between the inflammatory state and adiposity, @entity566 and @entity565 .

title: XXXX and insulin resistance in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1253 :: ('MESH:D054392', 'Chemical') :: ['Adipokines']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to detect strengths and weaknesses in the diagnosis of @entity627 by general practitioners in order to set up post-graduate training accordingly and to assess whether open-ended questions give results comparable with multiple choice-type questions. Fifty-one general practitioners were given eight written cases: @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), @entity625 , @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ), @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), @entity210 , @entity2760 rheumatica and @entity4850 . Only signs and symptoms were provided. All cases were derived from real @entity1 with a definite diagnosis. Each case was presented in both types of question formats. The cases were also presented to 23 rheumatologists. We found that in the open-ended question format 57.1% of the general practitioners gave the correct answers. Cases of @entity309 , @entity1691 , @entity210 and @entity5144 were correctly diagnosed by > 70% of the general practitioners. Cases of @entity2760 rheumatica and @entity625 were correctly diagnosed by 55 and 39% of the general practitioners, respectively. The cases of @entity4850 and @entity1252 were correctly diagnosed by less than 11% of the general practitioners. Fifty-two per cent of the general practitioners gave the correct answers to the multiple choice-type questions. There was no statistical difference in the correct answers between the open-ended questions and the multiple choice-type questions. We concluded that assuming generalization of the results, training of general practitioners should include @entity2760 rheumatica, @entity625 , @entity1252 and @entity4850 .

title: Assessing clinical competence: recognition of case descriptions of XXXX by general practitioners.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['reactive arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4850 :: ('MESH:D002805', 'Disease') :: ['pseudogout']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: We report a case of @entity8711 caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi that developed in the left buttock of a 63-year-old female farmer. About 4 years ago, the @entity1 developed erythema in the left buttock, which gradually spread. At the first consultation, we noted a well-defined, red-brown, infiltrated erythematous plaque (8 x 6 cm). Histopathological examination revealed a @entity75 , containing @entity3808 cells, associated with giant cells in the upper dermis. The causative fungus was difficult to identify due to low conidiogenesis, but was eventually identified by slide culture as F. pedrosoi. Excision and skin graft were performed, and no recurrence has been observed after 2 years. In Japan, 212 cases of @entity364 were reported in the period from 1982 to 2001. The causative fungus was F. pedrosoi in the majority of cases (126/212; 66%), followed by Exophiala jeanselmei (36/212; 19%). Similar incidence of @entity364 was reported in male and female @entity1 . The upper limbs were affected most frequently in both male and female @entity1 . Ten cases were associated with @entity75 .

title: A case of XXXX caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi and a review of reported cases of @entity364 in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8711 :: ('MESH:D002862', 'Disease') :: ['chromomycosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['visceral lesions', 'granulomatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['dematiaceous fungal infection']

answer: @entity8711 :: (MESH:D002862,Disease) :: ['chromomycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7523 ( @entity7523 ) as a complication of antituberculous therapy has been most commonly reported due to @entity1215 therapy. This reaction typically occurs following re-exposure to the drug. This study undertook to investigate the clinicopathological features of @entity7523 related to antituberculous therapy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of all adult @entity1 with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of @entity7523 on chemotherapy for @entity378 . The @entity1 presented with @entity810 at our institution during 1995 - 2007. The demographic, clinical, biochemical and histopathological features were studied. The @entity1 outcome and management were analyzed. RESULTS: 41 @entity1 had histologically proven @entity7523 . 23 (56%) were female. The mean age at presentation was 42 years. The most common regimen included @entity1215 used intermittently to treat @entity1907 . The average duration of antituberculosis therapy was 19 days before presentation and the duration of the acute illness averaged 5 days. The most common clinical manifestation included gastro-intestinal symptoms occurring in 35 (85%) @entity1 with associated @entity99 biochemically in 20 (53%) @entity1 . No @entity1910 were observed and @entity1712 was only present in two @entity1 . @entity811 was observed universally without any significant @entity644 . @entity417 was present in 37 (90%) @entity1 , with associated @entity882 in 15 (37%). @entity1215 was discontinued in 37 (90%) cases. Nine (22%) @entity1 required dialysis. One @entity1 failed to recover renal function and 4 (10%) @entity1 died. Mortality was related to overwhelming @entity378 . The main factor predicting the need for dialysis was duration of @entity1458 . CONCLUSION: @entity7523 is a rare, but serious complication of repeat antituberculous therapy mainly due to re-exposure to @entity1215 . Although the renal prognosis is generally good the disease does carry significant morbidity and mortality risks. A high index of suspicion is needed in re-treatment @entity1 . A suggested screening test is for microhematuria with urine dipstix.

title: XXXX related to antituberculous drug therapy.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity7523 :: ('MESH:C564356', 'Disease') :: ['Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis', 'ATIN']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin', 'Rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity7523 :: (MESH:C564356,Disease) :: ['Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis']


abstract: The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) has implemented a personal health record grounded in the Chronic Care Model, UPMC HealthTrak, to assist @entity1 with @entity6 self-management. UPMC HealthTrak is based in the physician office and connects the @entity1 , physician, and electronic medical record (EMR). Its functionalities include secure, electronic communication with the physician's office, along with preventive healthcare reminders, and disease-specific tools and information. In this paper, we describe challenges to office-based implementation of and initial @entity1 reaction to the technology in the context of @entity6 care. UPMC has deployed a secure Web-based @entity1 portal, UPMC HealthTrak. We implemented UPMC HealthTrak in the ambulatory setting and assessed its impact on @entity1 -practice communication. We conducted 10 90-minute focus groups (five pre- and five postimplementation) to assess @entity1 reaction to UPMC HealthTrak. Focus groups were analyzed using grounded theory techniques. During the period September 2004-January 2007, there was no significant change in number of @entity1 encounters or telephone calls received in our office, but the number of HealthTrak messages increased. Our 39 pre- and postimplementation focus group @entity1 felt that the system would enhance communication with the office, and that the reminder system would be helpful. They also liked having access to laboratory tests remotely. They were frustrated when tests were not released and messages not answered. A Web-based @entity1 portal can be integrated into a clinical office, although @entity1 may not quickly change communication patterns. @entity1 are responsive to technology. Future work should focus on @entity6 -related outcomes assessment and intensifying interventions.

title: Exploring challenges and potentials of personal health records in XXXX self-management: implementation and initial assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone-healing is known to be sensitive to the mechanical stability of fixation. However, the influence on healing of the individual components of fixation @entity2693 remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the initial in vitro fixation @entity2693 and the strength and @entity2693 of the callus after nine weeks. We hypothesized that @entity5221 would determine the healing outcome. METHODS: A standardized midshaft osteotomy of the right tibia was performed on Merino-mix @entity742 and was stabilized with either one of four monolateral external fixators or one of two tibial nails inserted without reaming. The in vitro @entity2693 of fixation was determined in six loading conditions (axial compression, torsion, as well as bending and shear in the anteroposterior and mediolateral planes) on ovine tibial specimens. Stiffness was calculated by relating displacements of the @entity174 fragments, determined by means of attached optical markers, and the loads applied by a materials testing machine. Torsional testing until failure of the explanted tibiae was performed with use of a standard materials testing machine after nine weeks of healing to determine the failure moment and the torsional @entity2693 of the healed tibia. RESULTS: External fixation in @entity742 generally resulted in higher fixation @entity2693 than did conventional unreamed tibial nailing. The use of angle-stable locking screws in tibial nailing resulted in fixation @entity2693 comparable with that of external fixation. The highest torsional moment to failure was observed for the external fixator with moderate @entity5221 and high shear @entity2693 . The fixator with the highest axial stability did not result in the highest failure moment. Low axial stability in combination with low shear stability resulted in the lowest failure moment. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a clear relationship between the stability of fixation and the mechanical strength of the healing tibia was seen. Moderate levels of axial stability were associated with the highest callus strength and @entity2693 .

title: Timely XXXX -healing requires optimization of axial fixation stability.

entities_list: @entity5221 :: ('MESH:C537792', 'Disease') :: ['axial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The inability of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) to adequately suppress @entity1423 is associated with future risk of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Heritability studies of agonist-induced platelet function phenotypes suggest that genetic variation may be responsible for @entity1281 responsiveness. In this study, we leverage independent information from genome-wide linkage and association data to determine loci controlling platelet phenotypes before and after treatment with @entity1281 . METHODS: Clinical data on 37 agonist-induced platelet function phenotypes were evaluated before and after a 2-week trial of @entity1281 (81 mg/day) in 1231 European American and 846 African American healthy subjects with a family history of premature @entity453 . Principal component analysis was performed to minimize the number of independent factors underlying the covariance of these various phenotypes. Multi-point sib-pair based linkage analysis was performed using a microsatellite marker set, and single-SNP association tests were performed using markers from the Illumina 1 M genotyping chip from deCODE Genetics, Inc. All analyses were performed separately within each ethnic group. RESULTS: Several genomic regions appear to be linked to @entity1281 response factors: a 10 cM region in African Americans on chromosome 5q11.2 had several STRs with suggestive (p-value < 7 x 10-4) and significant (p-value < 2 x 10-5) linkage to post @entity117 platelet response to @entity857 , and ten additional factors had suggestive evidence for linkage (p-value < 7 x 10-4) to thirteen genomic regions. All but one of these factors were @entity117 response variables. While the strength of genome-wide SNP association signals for factors showing evidence for linkage is limited, especially at the strict thresholds of genome-wide criteria (N = 9 SNPs for 11 factors), more signals were considered significant when the association signal was weighted by evidence for linkage (N = 30 SNPs). CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the hypothesis that platelet phenotypes in response to @entity1281 likely have genetic control and the combined approach of linkage and association offers an alternative approach to prioritizing regions of interest for subsequent follow-up.

title: A combined genome-wide linkage and association approach to find susceptibility loci for platelet function phenotypes in European American and African American families with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: In fibroblasts, @entity4345 salt causes activation of the @entity876 transcription factor and induction of a senescence-like state. It is not known whether @entity23917 can affect the proliferation of @entity5 cells, which are generally unsusceptible to senescence. A172 @entity463 and RKO @entity694 cell lines each have wildtype @entity876 , so these cell types have the potential to be responsive to agents that activate @entity876 . In A172 cells, @entity4196 produced a G(0)/G(1)-phase cell cycle arrest and increased expression of senescence-associated b-galactosidase, an enzymatic marker of senescence. @entity4196 caused phosphorylation of @entity563 -15 of @entity876 , accumulation of @entity876 protein, and expression of @entity994 , the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that is prominent during senescence. @entity4196 inhibited A172 growth with an IC(50) = 4.7  M in a 6-day proliferation assay. In contrast, @entity4196 had no effect on RKO cells, even though @entity23917 uptake was similar for the two cell types. This differential responsiveness marks @entity4196 as a reagent capable of activating a separable branch of the @entity876 signaling network. A172 and RKO cells are known to exhibit @entity876 -dependent upregulation of @entity994 in response to DNA damage. The RKO cells produced high levels of @entity994 when exposed to DNA damaging agents, yet failed to express @entity994 when treated with @entity4196 . Conversely, @entity4196 did not cause DNA damage in A172 cells, yet it was a potent inducer of @entity994 expression. These observations indicate that the growth control pathway affected by @entity4196 is distinct from the DNA damage response pathway, even though both ultimately converge on @entity876 and @entity994 .

title: Beryllium sulfate induces XXXX @entity994 expression and a senescence-like cell cycle arrest in susceptible @entity5 cell types.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4345 :: ('MESH:D001608', 'Chemical') :: ['beryllium']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity994 :: (1026,Gene) :: ['p21']


abstract: @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) are believed to be resistant to currently available therapies and may be responsible for relapse of @entity5 in @entity1 . Measuring circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) in the blood of @entity1 has emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic procedure for screening @entity1 who may be at high risk for developing metastatic @entity5 or relapse of the @entity5 . However, accurate detection of CTCs has remained a problem, as epithelial-cell markers used to date are not always reliable for detecting CTCs, especially during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. As CSCs are required to initiate @entity3 , our goal was to optimize and standardize a method for identifying circulating CSCs (CCSCs) in @entity1 , using established CSC markers. Here, we report for the first time the detection of CCSCs in the blood of athymic @entity19 , bearing @entity3 , and in the blood of @entity1 positive for @entity694 . Using a simple and non-expensive method, we isolated a relatively pure population of CSCs ( @entity1195 -/CK19+), free of red blood cells and largely free of contaminating @entity1195 + white blood cells. Enriched CCSCs from @entity1 with @entity694 had a malignant phenotype and co-expressed CSC markers ( @entity15738 / @entity15739 ) with @entity1759 / @entity10784 . CSCs were not found in the blood of non- @entity5 @entity1 , free of colonic growths. Enriched CCSCs from @entity694 @entity1 grew primary spheroids, suggesting the presence of @entity5 -initiating cells in the blood of these @entity1 . In conclusion, we have developed a novel diagnostic assay for detecting CSCs in circulation, which may more accurately predict the risk of relapse or @entity3 in @entity1 . As CSCs can potentially initiate metastatic growths, @entity1 positive for CCSCs can be treated with inhibitory agents that selectively target CSCs, besides conventional treatments, to reduce the risk of relapse/ @entity3 for improving clinical outcomes.

title: Methods for detecting circulating @entity5 stem cells (CCSCs) as a novel approach for diagnosis of XXXX relapse/ @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer disease', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinomas', 'colonic adenocarcinomas', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3726 is a first-generation, combination-chemotherapy regimen consisting of @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 that has cured approximately 30 percent of @entity1 with advanced stages of intermediate-grade or high-grade @entity1893 in national cooperative-group trials. However, studies at single institutions have suggested that 55 to 65 percent of such @entity1 might be cured by third-generation regimens such as ones consisting of low-dose @entity1499 with leucovorin rescue, @entity1732 , @entity632 , @entity786 , @entity1891 , and @entity619 (m-BACOD); @entity229 , @entity632 , @entity786 , and @entity2879 , followed by @entity2592 , @entity1732 , @entity1891 , and @entity1499 with leucovorin rescue (ProMACE-CytaBOM); and @entity1499 with leucovorin rescue, @entity632 , @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity229 , and @entity1732 (MACOP-B). METHODS: To make a valid comparison of these regimens, the Southwest Oncology Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group initiated a prospective, randomized phase III trial. The study end points were the response rate, time to treatment failure, overall survival, and incidence of severe or life-threatening @entity137 . Dose intensity was calculated and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 1138 @entity1 registered for the trial, 899 were eligible. Each treatment group contained at least 218 @entity1 . Known prognostic factors were equally distributed among the groups. There were no significant differences among the groups in the rates of partial and complete response. At three years, 44 percent of all @entity1 were alive without disease; there were no significant differences between the groups (41 percent in the @entity3726 and MACOP-B groups and 46 percent in the m-BACOD and ProMACE-CytaBOM groups; P = 0.35). Overall survival at three years was 52 percent (50 percent in the ProMACE-CytaBOM and MACOP-B groups, 52 percent in the m-BACOD group, and 54 percent in the @entity3726 group; P = 0.90). There was no subgroup of @entity1 in which survival was improved by a third-generation regimen. Fatal toxic reactions occurred in 1 percent of the @entity3726 group, 3 percent of the ProMACE-CytaBOM group, 5 percent of the m-BACOD group, and 6 percent of the MACOP-B group (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3726 remains the best available treatment for @entity1 with advanced-stage intermediate-grade or high-grade @entity1893 .

title: Comparison of a standard regimen ( @entity3726 ) with three intensive chemotherapy regimens for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very few studies have focused on fat redistribution induced by corticosteroids. OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence and risk factors of @entity3799 due to long-term (> or =3 months), high dosage (>or =20 mg/d) systemic corticosteroid therapy. METHODS: Between June 2003 and May 2005 we conducted a prospective study in two French tertiary centers. All consecutive @entity1 starting long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy at an initial daily dosage of 20 mg or more were enrolled in this study. Three investigators assessed the development of facial and cervical corticosteroid-induced @entity6562 (CIL) from standardized photographs. Demographic, clinical, and nutritional data were examined to assess risk factors of CIL. RESULTS: Eighty-eight @entity1 were enrolled ( @entity1 : 75%, mean age: 57.4 +/- 17.9 years, mean baseline dosage of @entity229 : 56 +/- 15 mg/d). The cumulative incidence rate of CIL at months 3 and 12 was 61% +/- 8% and 69% +/- 9%, respectively. In multivariate analyses the risk of CIL at the third month was higher in @entity1 (odds ratio [OR]: 10.87 [2.43-58.82]), in subjects younger than 50 years of age (OR: 11.11 [2.19-37.89]), in subjects with a high initial body mass index (OR: 1.56 [1.21-2.03] per increment of 1 kg/m2) and in subjects with high energy intake (OR: 6.11 [1.35-27.75] when higher than 30 kcal/d/kg). LIMITATIONS: Photographic analysis is not a conventional method for the diagnosis of CIL. CONCLUSION: CIL frequently occurs, especially in overweight subjects and in @entity1 , who are also at higher risk to develop other forms of @entity6562 .

title: Incidence and risk factors for corticosteroid-induced XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6562 :: ('MESH:D008060', 'Disease') :: ['lipodystrophy', 'lipodystrophies']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['facial ("moon face") and cervical ("buffalo hump") lipodystrophy']

answer: @entity6562 :: (MESH:D008060,Disease) :: ['lipodystrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e14571 Background: Postoperative CRT is a standard treatment option for fully resected high risk @entity356 . Adjuvant CRT using bolus @entity1487 significantly improved overall ( @entity3012 ) and disease free survival (DFS) versus surgery alone. However, this regimen is associated with significant @entity137 and poor tolerability. METHODS: Sixty eight @entity1 (pts) with high risk @entity356 were referred following surgery for adjuvant CRT. The treatment comprised six cycles of the "modified de Gramont"regimen [ @entity4181 : 350 mg iv (d1) and @entity1487 : 400 mg/m(2) iv-bolus (d1), 2,800mg/m(2) over 46 hours]; the third and fourth cycle of chemotherapy given concurrently with RT as follows: total dose of RT 4,500 cGy in 25 fractions of 180 cGy. Pts were evaluated retrospectively for @entity137 , DFS and @entity3012 . RESULTS: With a median follow-up period of 32 months (mo; range: 5-90), 68 @entity1 (36 @entity1 , 32 @entity1 ), median age 59 years (range: 30-76) were treated; stage IB: 4,4% (3/68 pts), IIA:7,35% (5/68 pts), IIB:13% (9/68 pts), IIIA: 11,7% (8/68 pts), IIIB: 30,8% (21/68 pts), IIIC: 32,3% (22/68 pts). The median DFS and @entity3012 were 25,2 and 32 mo, respectively. Three year DFS and @entity3012 were 24% and 29%. Grade III or higher myelotoxicity was: @entity1398 16% (11 pts); two pts grade IV @entity1398 , @entity882 3% (2 pts). Grade III or higher non hematologic @entity137 were: diarrhea 19% (13pts), vomiting 3% (2 pts), @entity3136 / @entity2910 8% (6 pts) and constipation 3% (2 pts). There was no grade IV non hematologic @entity137 . Fifty-three pts (78%) completed the treatment. Discontinuation was necessary in 5 pts due to diarrheas, 3 due to @entity1398 , 3 due to performance status deterioration, 1 @entity1 due to infection, 1 due to arythmia and 2 pts after informed consent withdrawal. Two pts died during treatment: one from possible/unconfirmed cardiovascular event and the other one due to @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite a relatively short median follow-up and small sample size, our findings suggest that this regimen could be an alternative option, with favorable @entity137 and tolerability in @entity1 with fully resected high risk @entity356 .

title: Adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) for high-risk @entity356 ( XXXX ): Single-center experience using infusional @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and radiotherapy (RT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['GC']


abstract: Demodicosis refers to the @entity277 spp., a saprophytic mite of the pilosebaceous unit. Demodex proliferation can result in a number of @entity74 including @entity15607 , @entity9585 , papulopustular, and @entity6509 , among others. We report the case of a 7-year-old female presenting with pruritic grayish crusted lesions over her nose and cheeks, along with facial erythema, papules, and pustules. The father referred chronic use of topical @entity230 . A potassium hydroxide mount of a pustule scraping revealed several D. folliculorum mites. Oral ivermectin (200    g/kg, single dose) plus topical permethrin 5% lotion applied for 3 consecutive nights were administered. Oral ivermectin was repeated every week and oral @entity2929 plus topical metronidazole cream was added. The facial lesions greatly improved within the following 3 months. While infestation of the pilosebaceous unit by Demodex folliculorum mites is common, only few individuals present symptoms. Demodicosis can present as pruritic papules, pustules, plaques, and @entity922 . To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of @entity2652 in an immunocompetent @entity1 . The development of symptoms in this @entity1 could be secondary to local immunosuppression caused by the chronic use of topical @entity230 .

title: Crusted demodicosis in an immunocompetent pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial crusted demodicosis']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity15607 :: ('MESH:C535953', 'Disease') :: ['pustular folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation by Demodex']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous disorders']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity9585 :: ('MESH:D010915', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis folliculorum']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous facial lesions']

entities_list: @entity6509 :: ('MESH:D012393', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous rosacea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: In current TNM stage system, T4 lesions represent a complex group and should be considered to further optimize the classification. This study evaluates the significance of adhesion pattern in T4 subclassification based on prognostic analysis of T4N0M0 @entity14 following en bloc multivisceral resection (MVR). Prospectively collected data (1992-2004) were analyzed for 278 @entity1 with stage T4N0M0 lesions following MVR for @entity14 . @entity1 were divided into inflammatory adhesion (IA) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) groups based on adhesion to adjacent organs. Survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. @entity5 was detected in 249 of 460 (54.1%) resected organs and in 159 of 287 (55.40%) @entity1 undergoing MVR. Compared with IA group, @entity1 in @entity5 group showed no significant difference in clinicopathological data except @entity5 differentiation (P  =  0.0376). Cox proportional hazards regression showed that @entity5 was independently associated with overall survival among both @entity353 @entity1 . Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that @entity5 @entity1 had a significantly higher MVR compared with IA @entity1 ( @entity694 : P  =  0.0018; @entity5 : P  =  0.0116). In conclusion, @entity5 was validated as an adverse prognostic factor for stage T4N0M0 @entity14 following MVR suggesting that it may be classified as a T4-subgroup in order to reinforce practice guidelines.

title: Adhesion pattern and prognosis studies of T4N0M0 XXXX following en bloc multivisceral resection: evaluation of T4 subclassification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'MI', 'malignant invasion', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Growth factors play a role in the cyclical growth and vascularization of normal endometrium. Abnormal endometrial proliferation and @entity2295 may result in @entity46 . This study determines the presence and localization of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors ( @entity6898 and @entity540 respectively) in endometrium of normal @entity1 , and in normal and ectopic endometrium of @entity1 with @entity46 . Endometrium was obtained at curettage or hysterectomy for benign disease, or laparoscopy for @entity46 . @entity6898 and @entity540 -immunoreactivity was detected at different phases of the menstrual cycle by immunohistochemistry using primary polyclonal rabbit antibodies. Expression of mRNA for @entity6898 and @entity540 was determined in normal endometrium by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). @entity6898 - and @entity540 -immunoreactivity were both detected in endometrium from normal @entity1 , and in normal and ectopic endometrium of @entity1 with @entity46 . The pattern of staining with the two different FGFs was the same: immunoreactivity was predominantly confined to glandular epithelial cells and did not change throughout the menstrual cycle. Little or only light staining was seen in stromal cells and myometrium, and the pattern of staining did not differ between endometriotic and normal tissue. The presence of mRNA for @entity6898 and @entity540 was demonstrated in normal endometrium. The detection of @entity6898 and @entity540 mRNA in normal endometrium and @entity6898 - and @entity540 -immunoreactivity in normal and endometriotic tissues suggests that these peptides may play a role in the proliferation and angiogenesis of normal and ectopic @entity1 endometrium.

title: Immunohistochemical localization of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors in normal @entity1 endometrium and XXXX and the detection of their mRNA by polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the association between @entity281 risk and low-dose @entity288 (LD-CT, defined as a daily dose <10mg/day of @entity229 ) in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DATA SOURCE" NlmCategory="METHODS">a systematic review of the literature up to June 2009 was performed. Data extraction :all type of @entity281 : bacterial, viral and postoperative; @entity281 severity, @entity309 activity, @entity309 severity, comorbid conditions. DATA ANALYSIS: descriptive, comparing @entity281 risk between LD-CT-treated and LD-CT-not treated @entity309 . RESULTS: Of the 1310 screened reports, the literature analysis identified 15 assessing @entity281 risk of LD-CT in @entity309 @entity1 . Of the eight reports that studied all types of @entity281 , six articles found no association between risk of @entity281 and LD-CT, one showed an association between severe @entity281 and LD-CT (OR=8 [1-64]) and another showed a dose-dependent association including doses of less than 5mg/day: RR=1.32 [1.06-1.63] and doses between 6 to 10mg/day: RR=1.95 [1.53-2.46]. Of the three trials that studied @entity281 risk secondary to bacteria, one showed an increased risk (HR=1.7 [1.5-2.0]) while two did not (respectively, exposure to <5mg/day: OR=1.34 [0.85-2.13]; 6 to 9mg/day: OR=1.53 [0.95-2.48] and <5mg/day: OR=1.49 [0.82-2.72]; 5 to 10mg/day: OR=1.46 [0.84-2.54]). None of the three trials studying @entity86 risk found any association between @entity281 risk and LD-CT treatment. Two reports studied herpes zoster risk and found no association with LD-CT. CONCLUSION: There was a paucity of data about LD-CT and @entity281 risk in @entity309 and that risk seems poorly increased. These findings need to be confirmed by further studies.

title: Infections induced by low-dose @entity288 in XXXX : a systematic literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND:   n @entity15 ( @entity15 ), @entity21 leads to permanent @entity16 and the spreading of the autoimmune response to axonal antigens is implicated in disease progression. @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) provides an animal model that mimics @entity15 . Using different @entity6503 models, we investigated the pathophysiological basis of epitope spreading to @entity8380 , a protein localized at the node of Ranvier and its regulation by non-MHC genes. METHODS: We used two different @entity6503 models in DA @entity35 ; one which is induced with @entity8381 ( @entity8381 ) which leads to disease characterized by profound @entity17 , and the second which is induced with @entity8382 ( @entity8382 ) peptide 63-88 which results in severe @entity149 but little or no @entity17 . We determined anti- @entity8380 antibody levels during the course of disease. Furthermore, the anti- @entity8380 IgG response was correlated with clinical parameters in 333 (DAxPVG.1AV1) x DA @entity35 on which we performed linkage analysis to determine if epitope spreading to @entity8380 was affected by non-MHC genes. RESULTS: Spreading of the antibody response to @entity8380 occurred in demyelinating @entity8381 -induced @entity6503 but not in @entity6503 induced with @entity8382 peptide 63-88. Anti- @entity8380 IgG levels correlated with disease severity in (DAxPVG.1AV1) x DA @entity35 , and a genomic region on chromosome 3 was found to influence this response. CONCLUSIONS: Inter-molecular epitope spreading to @entity8380 correlates with disease severity in @entity8381 - @entity6503 is dependent on extensive @entity17 and is influenced by non-MHC genes. The findings presented here may shed light on factors involved in the severity of @entity15 and its genetics.

title: @entity8381 -induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the @entity35 species triggers anti- XXXX antibody response that is genetically regulated.

entities_list: @entity8381 :: ('24558(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MOG', 'myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disabilities']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system (CNS) inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal damage']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity8380 :: (116690(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['neurofascin']


abstract: Components of the @entity916 angiotensin system have been identified in many nonmammalian vertebrates. However, in many of these animals, including reptiles, the physiological functions and importance of the system remain unclear. To aid in the study of the system in a reptile we modified a commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit containing antibody against @entity1 @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) for use in the freshwater turtle, @entity8308 . Cross-reactivity between anti-human @entity2178 antibodies (Rainen @entity2178 RIA Kit, New England Nuclear) and turtle @entity2178 was demonstrated. Cross-reactivity with the antibody in two other @entity1 @entity2178 assay kits (Travenol-Genentech and Biotecx) was very limited. Blood for assay was collected from conscious turtles in @entity1098 , centrifuged, and the plasma frozen at -20 degrees. Turtle @entity2178 was generated by incubation at 0.5 ml plasma at pH 5.5 for 2 hr at 30 degrees with addition of @entity8309 and @entity4344 . @entity7774 generation increased with temperature and with generation time. The recovery of turtle @entity2178 added to turtle plasma prior to incubation was 92-97%. The assay procedure was used to measure plasma @entity916 activity (ng/ml/hr incubation) from unstimulated turtles.

title: Measurement of plasma XXXX activity in the freshwater turtle.

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin I', 'Angiotensin I', 'ANG I']

entities_list: @entity8308 :: ('34903', 'Species') :: ['Pseudemys scripta']

entities_list: @entity8309 :: ('MESH:D004112', 'Chemical') :: ['dimercaprol']

entities_list: @entity4344 :: ('MESH:D015125', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxyquinoline']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to develop a new model for kinetic studies of Apolipoprotein A-I of HDL ( @entity1675 -I-HDL) labelled with stable isotope by using HDL subclasses isolated with fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1675 -I-HDL kinetics were studied by infusing [5.5.5-(2)H(3)]-leucine for 14 h in six healthy subjects. Prebeta(1) and alphaHDL were separated by FPLC and total HDL by ultracentrifugation (HDL-UC). RESULTS: The tracer-to-tracee ratios were higher in prebeta(1) HDL than in HDL-UC or alphaHDL. @entity368 enrichments found in HDL-UC were higher compared with alphaHDL, suggesting that HDL-UC were composed of a mixture of @entity1675 -I-alphaHDL and @entity1675 -I-prebeta(1) HDL. Kinetic analysis of data obtained from FPLC was achieved using a multicompartmental model, including a conversion between prebeta(1) and alphaHDL compartments. The production rate of prebeta(1) HDL was 7.72 +/- 2.86 mg kg(-1) d(-1) (mean +/- SD). Prebeta(1) HDL were converted to alphaHDL at a rate of 96.24 +/- 42.99 pool d(-1), and the synthesis rate of prebeta(1) HDL from alphaHDL was 10-fold slower: 7.09 +/- 4.51 pool d(-1). @entity1675 -I-FCR of HDL-UC was estimated using a one-compartment model (0.165 +/- 0.074 pool d(-1)), and was higher but not significantly compared with FCR of @entity1675 -I-alphaHDL (0.112 +/- 0.026 pool d(-1)) calculated with the new model. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports for the first time a model involving enrichments of @entity1675 in prebeta(1) and alphaHDL which allowed the measure of @entity1675 -I cycling within HDL fraction and will aid better understanding of kinetics of HDL in @entity1 .

title: New model for kinetic studies of HDL metabolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injurious mechanical ventilation (MV) may augment @entity130 remote from the lungs. During @entity295 , @entity296 is common and increased endothelial activation and permeability can cause @entity296 , which may, among other factors, hamper myocardial function. We investigated the effects of MV with injuriously high tidal volumes on the myocardium in an animal model of @entity295 . METHODS: Normal @entity35 and intraperitoneal (i.p.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated @entity35 were ventilated with low (6 ml/kg) and high (19 ml/kg) tidal volumes (Vt) under general anesthesia. Non-ventilated animals served as controls. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO) and @entity120 ( @entity120 ) were measured. Ex vivo myocardial function was measured in isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts. Cardiac expression of endothelial @entity297 and @entity4 were measured to evaluate endothelial inflammation and leakage. RESULTS: MAP decreased after LPS-treatment and Vt-dependently, both independent of each other and with interaction. MV Vt-dependently increased CVP and @entity120 and decreased CO. LPS-induced @entity298 decreased myocardial function ex vivo but MV attenuated @entity299 Vt-dependently. Cardiac endothelial @entity297 expression was increased by LPS treatment independent of MV. @entity300 was lowered Vt-dependently by MV, particularly after LPS, and correlated inversely with systolic myocardial function parameters ex vivo. CONCLUSION: MV attenuated LPS-induced systolic @entity296 in a Vt-dependent manner. This was associated with a reduction in @entity300 following a lower transmural coronary venous outflow pressure during LPS-induced @entity301 .

title: Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes attenuates @entity296 by decreasing XXXX in a @entity35 model of LPS-induced @entity298 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial edema', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity297 :: ('25361(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity300 :: ('MESH:D004489', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac edema', 'Cardiac edema']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary plateau pressure', 'Pplat']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity300 :: (MESH:D004489,Disease) :: ['cardiac edema']


abstract: Voltage-clamp methods were employed to study the effects of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity935 on the pharmacologically isolated @entity460 current in the identified Aplysia neuron R15 grown in cell culture. Neurons were obtained from juvenile animals and had not yet developed the bursting pacemaker pattern of activity characteristic of R15 in mature animals. In R15 @entity750 elicits a biphasic response consisting of excitatory depolarization followed by an inhibitory hyperpolarization and @entity935 elicits an inhibitory hyperpolarization. @entity750 increased the @entity141 current without affecting its voltage dependence. The @entity750 effect persisted when @entity8594 was employed to carry current through @entity141 channels. @entity750 did not affect the rate of @entity141 -dependent @entity141 current inactivation other than through its effect on the magnitude of the @entity141 current. The adenylate cyclase activator @entity1928 , in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, also increased the magnitude of the @entity141 or @entity8594 current. This result suggested that the @entity750 -induced enhancement of @entity141 current was mediated by @entity268 . @entity935 inhibited @entity141 current when either @entity141 or @entity8594 was employed as the current carrier. @entity935 did not affect the rate of @entity141 -dependent inactivation of @entity141 current other than through its effect on the magnitude of the @entity141 current. Intracellular injection of the @entity141 chelator @entity4527 inhibited serotonergic modulation of the @entity141 current but not dopaminergic modulation. These results indicated that the putative neurotransmitters @entity750 and @entity935 may regulate bursting activity in mature R15 neurons through modulation of @entity141 current.

title: Reciprocal modulation of @entity460 current by @entity750 and XXXX in the identified Aplysia neuron R15.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is infeasible to occlude a doubly committed juxtaarterial @entity1757 (DCVSD) percutaneously. The previous perventricular device closure technique was performed through an inferior median sternotomy approach. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of perventricular device closure of DCVSDs through a left parasternal approach. METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 , with the DCVSD of less than 6  mm in diameter, were enrolled in this study. The pericardial space was approached through a left parasternal mini-incision without entering into the pleural space. Two parallel pursestring sutures were placed on the right ventricular outflow tract for puncture. Under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance, a new delivery sheath loaded with the device was inserted into the right ventricle and advanced through the defect into the left ventricle. The device, connected with a device stay suture, was deployed subsequently. RESULTS: Successful device closure of the defects was achieved in 58/62 @entity1 (94  %). The DCVSD failed to close in 4 (6  %) @entity1 due to device-related @entity337 and device migration. The mean DCVSD diameter was 3.4        1.0  mm (range, 2.0 to 6.0  mm). The implanted device size was 5.2        1.3  mm (range, 4 to 8  mm). Forty-four out of 58 @entity1 (76  %) was implanted with an eccentric occluder. The mean intracardiac manipulation time was 14        13  min (range, 2 to 60  min). The procedure time was 66        15  min (range, 42 to 98  min). During the follow-up period of 180 to 1860 (median 880) days, new mild @entity338 occurred in 2 @entity1 . No other device-related complications were found. The complete closure rate was 95  % at discharge, 98  % at 1-, 6- and 12-month, 96  % at 2-year, and 100  % at 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Perventricular device closure of a DCVSD through a left parasternal approach is feasible, safe, and efficacious in selected @entity1 . This minimally invasive technique permits @entity154 crossing and accurate device positioning.

title: Perventricular device closure of a doubly committed juxtaarterial XXXX through a left parasternal approach: midterm follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['easy defect']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']