abstract: BACKGROUND: The mortality of severe @entity311 [ @entity6197 ( @entity6197 ), @entity417 ( @entity417 ), @entity647 ( @entity647 ) and @entity649 ( @entity649 )] remains high despite the availability associated with adequate treatments. Recent studies in our laboratory and others have revealed a hitherto unknown correlation between chemokine @entity15369 / @entity14013 , Heme/ @entity10183 and @entity10433 and @entity6197 severity and mortality. Although Heme/ @entity10183 and @entity15369 / @entity14013 interactions are directly involved in the pathogenesis of @entity6197 , the mechanism dictating how Heme/ @entity10183 and @entity15369 / @entity14013 are expressed and regulated under these conditions is still unknown. We therefore tested the hypothesis that these factors share common signaling pathways and may be mutually regulated. METHODS: We first clarified the roles of Heme/ @entity10183 , @entity15369 / @entity14013 and @entity10433 in @entity6197 pathogenesis utilizing a well established experimental @entity6197 @entity19 (ECM, @entity36698 ) model. Then, we further determined the mechanisms how @entity10433 regulates @entity10183 and @entity15369 as well as mutual regulation among them in CRL-2581, a @entity19 endothelial cell line. RESULTS: The results demonstrate that (1) @entity10433 is activated by @entity36698 (PBA) infection in vivo and Heme in vitro. (2) Heme up-regulates @entity10183 and @entity15369 production through @entity10433 pathway, and regulates @entity15369 at the transcriptional level in vitro. (3) @entity10183 transcription is positively regulated by @entity15369 . (4) @entity10183 regulates @entity10433 signaling. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that Heme/ @entity10183 , @entity15369 / @entity14013 and @entity10433 molecules as well as related signaling pathways play very important roles in the pathogenesis of severe @entity311 . We conclude that these factors are mutually regulated and provide new opportunities to develop potential novel therapeutic targets that could be used to supplement traditional prophylactics and treatments for @entity311 and improve clinical outcomes while reducing @entity311 mortality. Our ultimate goal is to develop novel therapies targeting Heme or @entity15369 -related biological signaling molecules associated with development of fatal @entity311 .

title: Heme mediated XXXX activation in severe @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['SMA', 'severe malaria anemia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'CM and fatal disease', 'cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity10433 :: (20848(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT3']


abstract: Differential display was used to isolate cDNA clones showing differential expression in response to ABA, drought and cold in @entity2247 seedling shoots. One drought-regulated cDNA clone (DD12) was further analyzed and found to encode a branched-chain @entity535 aminotransferase (HvBCAT-1). A genomic clone was isolated by probing the Morex BAC library with the cDNA clone DD12 and the structure of Hvbcat-1 was elucidated. The coding region is interrupted by six introns and contains a predicted mitochondrial transit peptide. Hvbcat1 was mapped to chromosome 4H. A comparison was made to @entity579 and @entity958 genes to identify conserved structural patterns. Complementation of a @entity375 ( @entity375 ) double knockout strain revealed that HvBCAT-1 can function as the mitochondrial (catabolic) BCATs in vivo. Transcript levels of Hvbcat-1, increased in response to drought stress. As the first enzyme in the branched-chain @entity535 (BCAA) catabolic pathway, HvBCAT-1 might have a role in the degradation of BCAA. Degradation of BCAA could serve as a detoxification mechanism that maintains the pool of free branched-chain @entity1522 at low and non toxic levels, under drought stress conditions.

title: A branched-chain XXXX aminotransferase gene isolated from @entity2247 is differentially regulated by drought stress.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of surfactant treatment on the number and distribution of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from mechanically ventilated preterm @entity1 over the first week of life in relation to the subsequent development of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). The study included 25 babies who received surfactant on clinical grounds and 29 babies of similar severity who did not. BALF was collected on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after birth. Cell counts were performed and differentials were calculated on 300 cells. @entity1030 was equally common in both treatment groups. Of the 54 @entity1 , 29 (53%) who developed @entity1030 had a higher incidence of @entity2461 and air leak and needed a higher concentration of inspired @entity26 on the fifth and seventh days of life. Babies who developed @entity1030 had more polymorphonuclear leucocytes and fewer macrophages on days 5 and 7 than those who recovered. Surfactant treatment was associated with a higher total white cell count on day 3. Between days 3 and 7, macrophage numbers were higher in surfactant treated babies, whatever the pulmonary outcome. This data suggests that @entity1030 was associated with persistence of high numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in BALF at the end of the first week. Surfactant treatment caused a persistent increase in macrophage numbers. The association between persistent @entity4795 and @entity1030 was unaffected by surfactant treatment.

title: Pulmonary inflammatory cells in ventilated preterm XXXX : effect of surfactant treatment.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease', 'CLD']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: CONTEXT: Identifying families at high risk for the @entity4309 (ie, @entity14 ) is critical for both genetic counseling and @entity5 prevention. Current clinical guidelines are effective but limited by applicability and cost. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a genetic counseling and risk prediction tool that estimates the probability of carrying a deleterious mutation in mismatch repair genes @entity6756 , @entity4311 , or @entity4638 and the probability of developing @entity14 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : External validation of the MMRpro model was conducted on 279 individuals from 226 clinic-based families in the United States, Canada, and Australia (referred between 1993-2005) by comparing model predictions with results of highly sensitive germline mutation detection techniques. MMRpro models the autosomal dominant inheritance of mismatch repair mutations, with parameters based on meta-analyses of the penetrance and prevalence of mutations and of the predictive values of @entity5 characteristics. The model's prediction is tailored to each individual's detailed family history information on @entity14 characteristics including microsatellite instability. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Ability of MMRpro to correctly predict mutation carrier status, as measured by operating characteristics, calibration, and overall accuracy. RESULTS: In the independent validation, MMRpro provided a concordance index of 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.88) and a ratio of observed to predicted cases of 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.05). This results in higher accuracy than existing alternatives and current clinical guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: MMRpro is a broadly applicable, accurate prediction model that can contribute to current screening and genetic counseling practices in a high-risk population. It is more sensitive and more specific than existing clinical guidelines for identifying individuals who may benefit from MMR germline testing. It is applicable to individuals for whom @entity5 samples are not available and to individuals in whom germline testing finds no mutation.

title: Prediction of germline mutations and XXXX risk in the @entity4309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal or endometrial cancer', 'colorectal and endometrial cancer and to tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The latency of the @entity3493 event-related potential is though to reflect the time it takes to conclude that a task-relevant stimulus has been presented, i.e. it is an index of cognitive processing time. @entity137 ( @entity137 ) also reflects cognitive processing time, but additionally reflects the time taken physically to respond to the stimulus. If serial models of information processing are correct, then the @entity3493 latency must be less than @entity137 , and a positive correlation between the 2 measures is to be expected. We examined these hypotheses in 100 normal subjects aged from 18 to 92 years. The @entity3493 component elicited via a 2-tone discrimination task, and @entity137 to the task-relevant tones was measured simultaneously. The resulting correlation between these measures was weak (r = 0.26, p greater than 0.05), and there were instances in which @entity137 preceded the @entity3493 latency. These results are consistent with parallel rather than serial models of information processing. Fifteen @entity1 with @entity195 were also examined. Three had an abnormally delayed @entity3493 latency, and 7 had abnormally delayed RTs compared with age-matched controls. Simultaneous measurement of the @entity3493 latency and @entity137 may thus help resolve whether dysfunction is evident in neuronal networks concerned with stimulus evaluation or in those concerned with response execution.

title: The relationship between reaction time and latency of the @entity3493 event-related potential in normal subjects and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Reaction time']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 1984, the German @entity0 Study Group started a multicenter randomized trial to compare six versus three cycles of @entity786 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 (CMF) starting perioperatively and to investigate the additional effect of @entity440 as adjuvant treatment in @entity0 @entity1 treated with mastectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1984 to 1989, 473 @entity1 were randomized from 41 institutions. After a median follow-up of approximately 10 years for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and 9 years for event-free survival (EFS), the treatment groups were compared with respect to @entity1349 and EFS. Results based on a median follow-up of 56 months have been published earlier. RESULTS: Estimated cumulative locoregional incidence rate after 10 years was 19.9%; the corresponding rate of distant recurrences was 41.3%. Concerning duration of chemotherapy, we did not find any difference between six and three cycles of CMF (EFS: relative risk [RR] in multivariate analysis = 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 1.21 @entity1349 : RR = 0.90; 95% CI, = 0.69 to 1.18). Treatment with @entity440 resulted in an improvement in outcome (EFS: RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.07, @entity1349 : RR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.0) although it proved not significant. Number of positive lymph nodes and @entity1420 receptor were the dominant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: In this study, we observed some tendency in favor of hormonal treatment, which is in agreement with the literature. Concerning duration of chemotherapy, the results of this study provide further evidence that a reduction to three cycles of CMF is possible without increasing the risk of recurrence or @entity204 . For a definitive conclusion, however, further investigations are required.

title: Randomized 2 x 2 trial evaluating hormonal treatment and the duration of chemotherapy in @entity0 XXXX : an update based on 10 years' follow-up. German @entity0 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Differentiation antigens on @entity5 cells are recognized by the immune system. A prototype set of these autoantigens in @entity320 cells are the melanosomal glycoproteins, expressed in both @entity320 and normal melanocytes. These are intracellular proteins that can be recognized by both antibodies and T lymphocytes. While one can understand how T cells can respond to intracellular proteins, based on cellular requirements for antigen processing and presentation, it is more difficult to understand how antibody responses to melanosomal proteins could lead to @entity5 rejection. We demonstrate that @entity18259 is expressed on the cell surface as well as intracellularly in @entity1 and @entity19 @entity320 . The surface expression of @entity18259 can be augmented by @entity60 and during @entity5 growth in vivo. Surface expression of @entity18259 on @entity19 @entity320 cells correlates with the ability of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against @entity18259 to reject @entity320 in syngeneic mice. Antibody-mediated rejection seems to require the Fc portion of the antibody, suggesting a role for @entity6433 -positive effector cells such as natural killer cells. However, although @entity10501 .1(+) cells have been implicated in antibody-induced rejection in vivo, cell surface expression of @entity18259 (+) on @entity320 does not lead to susceptibility to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. The mAb to @entity18259 induced @entity5 rejection in @entity19 carrying both scid and bg/bg traits, showing that neither thymus-dependent T cells nor natural killer cytotoxic activity was required in vivo. Long-term treatment of @entity19 with mAb led to @entity3067 in the coat. In summary, an intracellular organellar protein can be expressed at the cell surface and provide an antigenic target for antibody therapy and @entity792 .

title: A melanosomal membrane protein is a cell surface target for XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['patchy depigmentation']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: AIM: to determine the viability and utility of @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) screening ( @entity1605 ) as a method for the early diagnosis of @entity14 in a well-controlled health area. METHODS: between February 1994 and September 1996, personal letters were sent to all @entity1 in the Casas Ib    ez health area (Albacete) aged between 50 and 75 years (4986 @entity1 ). All the tests were read by the same team member. A clinical history was taken of @entity1 with positive test results, and they were offered colonoscopy. If a growth was found which was suitable for endoscopic resection, this was done. If the growth was totally resected an annual check-up was advised. Malignant and partially resected premalignant growths were referred for surgical treatment. We analyzed percent participation, attendance for testing, negative and positive tests, growths diagnosed, false-positive tests and positive predictive value. RESULTS: the a participation rate was 56.25%. In the 157 colonoscopies performed, 39 @entity5 were found (7 of which were Dukes stage A and 2 of which were Dukes stage C-D). Sensitivity was 97% and specificity was 96%. The positive predictive value was 30.37%. The positivity rate was 6.08%, while the predictive value for @entity5 was 5.38% and the predictive value for @entity652 was 23.35%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1503 screening, in our setting, proved to have a high recruitment capacity with a positive predictive value for @entity14 which was slightly higher than the value obtained in other countries of similar socioeconomic status. Furthermore, we found a significant improvement in the diagnostic stage of @entity14 at the time of resection.

title: @entity14 screening through detection of XXXX in a controlled health zone.

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Hemoccult II']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasic polyps and 9 cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FOB', 'fecal occult blood']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['fecal occult blood']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Undergoing diagnostic evaluation for @entity5 has been associated with a high prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 and affected health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aims of this study were to assess HRQoL, @entity148 , and @entity308 pre- and post-diagnosis in @entity1 undergoing diagnostic evaluations for @entity5 due to non-specific symptoms; to examine changes over time in relation to final diagnosis ( @entity5 yes/no); and to assess the predictive value of pre-diagnostic psychological, socio-demographic and clinical factors. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter survey study of @entity1 suspected to have @entity5 based on non-specific symptoms was performed. @entity1 completed the EORTC-QLQ-C30 quality of life scale, HADS, SOC-13 and self-rated health before and after completing diagnostic evaluations. Intra- and inter-group differences between @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 versus @entity1 with non- @entity5 diagnoses were calculated. The impact of baseline psychological, socio-demographic, and medical factors on HRQoL, @entity148 and @entity308 at follow-up was explored by bootstrapped multivariate linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 838 @entity1 participated in this study; 679 (81 %) completed the follow-up. Twenty-two percent of the @entity1 received a @entity5 diagnosis at the end of the follow-up. @entity1 presented initially with a high burden of symptoms and affected role and emotional functioning and global health/QL, irrespective of diagnosis. The prevalence of clinical @entity148 prior to knowledge of the diagnosis was 32 % in @entity1 with @entity5 and 35 % in @entity1 who received a non- @entity5 diagnosis. HRQoL and @entity148 improved after diagnosis, and a larger improvement was seen in @entity1 who received a non- @entity5 diagnosis. There were no intra- or inter-group differences in the @entity308 scores. The strongest predictors of global QL, @entity148 , and @entity308 after a known diagnosis were baseline scores, co-morbidity and poor self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing diagnostic evaluations for @entity5 based on non-specific symptoms experience a high prevalence of @entity148 and affected quality of life prior to knowledge of the diagnosis. The predictive value of the baseline scores is important when assessing the psychological impact of undergoing diagnostic evaluations for @entity5 .

title: Health-related quality of life, @entity148 and @entity308 in the diagnostic phase of suspected XXXX , and the influence of diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity572 , also termed @entity3946 , is one of the major causes of @entity1 disability and early onset @entity571 . Previous study has identified a variant of @entity9173 underlying this disorder in a large family. However, genetic evidence from population was still lacking. Here, we performed a case-control association study by genotyping two SNPs of @entity9173 , @entity47856 , and @entity47857 , in 689 unrelated @entity572 @entity1 and 689 normal controls. Genotyping results showed significant difference in genotype distributions of both two polymorphisms (p   =   0.003 for @entity47856 and p   =   0.017 for @entity47857 ). The minor allele frequency of @entity47856 was higher in cases (4.79%) than in controls (2.47%), predisposing carriers to @entity572 with a 2.25-fold risk (OR   =   2.25, 95%CI 1.42-3.56) after adjustment for gender. Another SNP, @entity47857 , was also significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity572 (adjusted OR   =   1.84, 95%CI 1.19-2.84). Through the population study, we demonstrated that @entity9173 was candidate for the pathogenesis of the disorder, and identified @entity47856 and @entity47857 as susceptibility loci instead of disease-causing mutations.    2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:377-380, 2017.

title: @entity9173 polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3946 :: ('MESH:D006618', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'Developmental dysplasia of the hip']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['developmental dysplasia of the hip']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the retinal function in aniridic @entity1 with documented @entity6484 mutations to determine the range of electroretinogram abnormalities in aniridic @entity1 and to relate electroretinogram findings with specific @entity6484 mutations. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with typical @entity6716 and fully characterized @entity6484 mutations underwent electroretinography. RESULTS: In all 11 @entity1 , electroretinogram recordings were abnormal, ranging from mild to severe. Rod-related and cone-related activities were equally affected. The amplitude of the oscillatory potentials was the most reduced, followed by the b-wave, then to a milder degree the a-wave. Mutations affecting the paired domain of the @entity6484 protein had the biggest impact on the electroretinogram amplitudes. Implicit times were increased in a subgroup with mutations affecting only the homeodomain. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity6716 have varying degree of @entity989 , ranging from severely abnormal to almost normal. The paired domain appears to have more impact on retinal function than other regions of the @entity6484 protein. It is unclear whether mutations affecting the homeodomain lead to alteration of the photoreceptor function.

title: Effects of XXXX mutations on retinal function: an electroretinographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dysfunction']

answer: @entity6484 :: (5080,Gene) :: ['PAX6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the long term results in @entity1 with @entity1230 including severe @entity542 . DESIGN: Retrospective and prospective clinical study. SETTING: Level I @entity130 centre, Germany. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 16-60 years who had been injured more than 2 years before, whose Injury Severity Score was over 20 and whose cranial Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) was over 3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), functional, neuropsychological, vocational and social outcomes. RESULTS: 58 @entity1 , median age 24 (range 16-53, interquartile range (IQR) 21-32) years were investigated 5 (3-9; IQR 4-7) years after their injury. Median ISS was 34 (21-57; IQR 26-41) and GCS 6 (3-8; IQR 4-7). Duration of @entity772 was 10 (2-51; IQR 7-22) days and neurological rehabilitation lasted 169 (10-830; IQR 80-300) days. Movements of the elbow and ankle was most @entity73 . All psychometric tests showed deficits, particularly in speed of processing, concentration, recent memory, and learning performance. The social environment had been changed in half and vocational rehabilitation was dependent on age. 24 (42%) returned to their former profession, 18 (31%) were retrained to another profession, 16 (27%) were unemployed or retired on a pension. 31 (53%) made a good recovery with moderate disability, 19 (33%) had severe disability, and 8 (14%) remained in a persistent vegetative state assessed by the GOS. CONCLUSION: Early and concentrated rehabilitation facilitates functional, social, and neuropsychological reintegration.

title: Long term results after @entity1230 including severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired by injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The presence of an eosinophilic infiltrate in @entity1 with cervical @entity957 has been shown to correlate with a worse overall survival, suggesting a less effective immune response in these cases. Since type 2 cytokines such as @entity3646 and @entity225 are known to attract eosinophilic granulocytes, an immunohistochemical study was performed to gain further insight as to whether a type 1 or type 2 immune response is involved in eliciting an eosinophilic infiltrate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Frozen tissue sections of 9 normal cervical tissues, 23 @entity75 , and 23 cervical @entity957 were stained by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity379 and @entity3646 as representatives of a type 1 or a type 2 response, respectively. RESULTS: Normal tissues and @entity75 of the cervix did not contain eosinophilic granulocytes and showed very few @entity47915 -positive cells. In @entity2622 the presence of @entity3646 on @entity5 infiltrating cells correlated with the presence of eosinophilic granulocytes in the @entity5 (P value <0.01) and stroma (P value <0.05). @entity379 -positive cells did not show any such correlation. In addition, colocalization was observed of CD3- and @entity3646 -positive T lymphocytes indicating that @entity3646 production is mediated by T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: The relative increase of @entity3646 -positive cells in the presence of an eosinophilic infiltrate might thus reflect an imbalance between a type 1 and type 2 response, in favor of the latter. Since a type 1 response stimulates an adequate cellular response which is negatively regulated by type 2 cytokines, these findings might explain the worse clinical outcome seen in cervical @entity5 @entity1 with an @entity5 infiltrate. These results may have implications when developing immunotherapeutical strategies for cervical @entity5 .

title: Presence of an eosinophilic infiltrate in cervical XXXX results from a type 2 immune response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions', 'premalignant cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'eosinophilic tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas', 'squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous carcinoma']


abstract: In in vitro tests, natural coniferous resin from the Norway spruce (Picea abies) is strongly antifungal. In this observational study, we tested the clinical effectiveness of a lacquer composed of spruce resin for topical treatment of @entity6313 . Thirty-seven @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity6313 were enrolled into the study. All @entity1 used topical resin lacquer treatment daily for 9 months. A mycological culture and @entity4014 ( @entity3071 ) stain were done from nail samples in the beginning and in the end of the study. Treatment was considered effective, if a mycological culture was negative and there was an apparent clinical cure. At study entry, 20 @entity1 (20/37; 54%; 95% CI: 38-70) had a positive mycological culture and/or positive KOH stain for dermatophytes. At study end, the result of 13 @entity1 was negative (13/19; 68%; 95% CI: 48-89). In one case (1/14; 7%; 95% CI: 0-21) the mycological culture was initially negative, but it turned positive during the study period. By 14 compliant @entity1 (14/32; 44%; 95% CI: 27-61), resin lacquer treatment was considered clinically effective: complete healing took place in three cases (9%) and partial healing in 11 cases (85%). The results indicate some evidence of clinical efficacy of the natural coniferous resin used for topical treatment of @entity6313 .

title: Natural coniferous resin lacquer in treatment of toenail XXXX : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral @entity2643 in the treatment of recurrent, sustained, refractory @entity943 , rapid high-dose oral loading was used to treat 12 @entity3124 @entity1 with frequent, sometimes incessant, sustained @entity943 refractory to 2 to 6 antiarrhythmic agents. Presenting @entity943 included sustained monomorphic @entity1165 and @entity2224 associated with @entity1167 in 6 @entity1 . @entity1 experienced 2 to 10 episodes (mean 5 +/- 2) of sustained @entity943 over a mean period of 6.2 +/- 5.0 days (range 1 to 14) before oral @entity2643 was initiated at 1,200 to 1,400 mg/day. This included at least 1 to 4 episodes (mean 2.2 +/- 1.1) within 24 hours before @entity2643 . One to 4 antiarrhythmic drugs were administered concurrently during @entity2643 loading. Sustained @entity943 no longer occurred after a mean of 5.2 days (range 1 to 22) with @entity2643 . @entity943 were controlled in 4 @entity1 within 24 hours, 5 @entity1 within 48 hours, 7 @entity1 within 4 days and 10 @entity1 within 6 days. @entity1 experienced a mean of 0.6 +/- 0.8 episodes within 24 hours after @entity2643 . Nine @entity1 survived to hospital discharge. No @entity1 had significant adverse effects during high-dose loading. In conclusion, high-dose oral @entity2643 loading, when added to previously unsuccessful conventional antiarrhythmic therapy, is safe and often rapidly effective for at least short-term control of frequent, refractory, sustained @entity943 .

title: Oral XXXX loading for the rapid treatment of frequent, refractory, sustained @entity943 associated with coronary artery disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrests']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'Arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Parents often expect immediate @entity410 improvement after starting the ketogenic diet (KD) for their @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to determine the typical time to @entity410 reduction as well as the time after which it was unlikely to be helpful in those @entity1 started on the KD. METHODS: Records of all @entity1 started on the KD at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore (n = 83) and @entity1 's Memorial Hospital, Chicago (n = 35) from November 2003 to December 2006 were examined to determine the first day in which @entity410 were reportedly improved. RESULTS: Of the 118 @entity1 started on the KD, 99 (84%) had documented @entity410 reduction. The overall median time to first improvement was 5 days (range: 1-65 days). Seventy-five percent of @entity1 improved within 14 days. In those @entity1 who were fasted at KD onset, the time to improvement was quicker (median 5 vs. 14 days, p < 0.01) with a higher percentage improving within 5 days (60% vs. 31%, p = 0.01). No difference was identified between fasting and nonfasting in regards to long-term outcomes, however. DISCUSSION: The KD works quickly when effective, typically within the first 1-2 weeks. Starting the KD after a fasting period may lead to a more rapid, but equivalent long-term @entity410 reduction, confirming prior reports. If the KD has not led to @entity410 reduction after 2 months, it can probably be discontinued.

title: When do XXXX usually improve with the ketogenic diet?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'seizure']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors studied the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis pathway in @entity1 with untreated @entity726 (P = 0.00001 and P = 0.0003, respectively) and @entity1 with normal pressure @entity726 ([ @entity18665 ] P = 0.00001 and P = 0.03, respectively). METHODS: Forty-two untreated @entity1 with @entity18665 , 25 untreated @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ), and 32 age-matched normal controls were recruited. Patients taking anticoagulant therapy beta blockers or @entity460 channel blockers were excluded. Venous blood was assessed for markers of the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity725 had elevated levels of prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and D-dimer compared with both the @entity18665 and controls (P = 0.00001 and P = 0.0003, respectively). Both @entity726 groups had more (P < 0.05) @entity455 than the control group. The @entity1 with @entity725 had @entity551 (systolic and pulse pressure) than the control and @entity18665 groups. Both @entity726 groups had greater levels of fibrinogen (which was of borderline statistical significance) than the control group. CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and D-dimer indicate activation of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis pathway, respectively, leading to a @entity49 state in untreated @entity725 . These findings may contribute to the reported increased prevalence of @entity49 in @entity726 and also to the pathogenesis of @entity1781 in @entity726 .

title: Activation of the coagulation cascade in untreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable', 'retinal venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['higher (P < 0.05) systemic blood pressure']

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Eighty-six @entity468 with non-dilated left ventricular @entity1283 were studied retrospectively. @entity468 were categorized by two-dimensional echocardiography as having symmetric @entity123 ( @entity196 ), asymmetric with predominant septal thickening @entity1184 ( @entity1605 ), and asymmetric @entity1184 with predominant free-wall thickening (Type III). The distribution of @entity1184 was judged subjectively and objectively. Subjective and objective results were similar (P = 0.03) although overlap existed between groups. Morphologic patterns (Types I, II, and III) were compared with breed, age, sex, heart rate, percent fractional shortening, left atrial size, serum @entity1011 concentration, and the presence (yes/no) of @entity1143 , @entity3126 , @entity2294 , heart murmur, @entity1353 , @entity1031 , @entity1378 , and being alive at the time of study. Interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular free wall thickness, percent fractional shortening, and left atrial size additionally were compared to 3-month survival. @entity468 with @entity1184 were more likely to experience @entity1031 than @entity468 with @entity1184 (P = 0.05) and @entity468 with @entity1184 were more likely to have heart murmurs than @entity468 with Type III (P = 0.02). No other significant associations were found in comparison to pattern of @entity1184 . Both left atrial size and percent fractional shortening significantly correlated with 3-month survival (P < 0.001 for each). The degree of interventricular septal wall thickness was associated with 3-month survival (P = 0.02) when known @entity1378 @entity468 were excluded from the study group, while left ventricular free wall thickness consistently was not associated with survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Heterogeneity of XXXX in feline hypertrophic heart disease.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Type III hypertrophy', 'Type I hypertrophy', 'Type II hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This prospective study was carried out to look for the frequency of isolation of @entity8171 species from clinical specimens and study their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. METHODS: @entity1 from whom @entity8171 species were isolated during routine diagnostic testing from January to December 2004 were included in the study. Isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method as per National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. RESULTS: @entity8171 species were isolated from a total of 205 @entity1 . @entity281 was nosocomially acquired in 94.6% @entity1 . One hundred eighty one (88.3%) @entity1 had significant underlying illnesses. Culture yielded @entity15126 in 185 (90.2%) and @entity8171 in 20 (9.8%) @entity1 . The distribution of isolates was as follows: urine (46.2%), respiratory tract (16.3%), blood (15.8%), pus (12.1%) and sterile body fluids (9.3%). Drug resistance was observed to be more in @entity15126 as compared to @entity8171 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8171 infections are often nosocomially acquired, seen in @entity1 with significant underlying diseases and isolates are commonly drug-resistant. Adoption of @entity580 control practices and a good antibiotic policy may prevent their spread.

title: XXXX infections in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8171 :: ('546', 'Species') :: ['Citrobacter', 'C. freundii', 'Citrobacter freundii']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infection']

entities_list: @entity15126 :: ('545', 'Species') :: ['Citrobacter koseri', 'C. koseri']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital infection']

answer: @entity8171 :: (546,Species) :: ['Citrobacter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and the indications of resection of synchronous or metachronous hepatic and pulmonary metastases from @entity14 ( @entity14 ) are controversial. This study retrospectively reviewed the cases of @entity14 @entity1 who underwent both liver and lung resection to define the appropriate indications for surgical resection in @entity1 with hepatic and pulmonary metastases. METHODS: A total of 39 @entity1 with both hepatic and pulmonary metastases from @entity14 underwent both liver and lung resection from January 1987 to December 2009. The relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) from the resection for the first @entity3 were evaluated by a Kaplan-Meyer analysis. Prognostic factors were analyzed using the log-rank test and a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The median RFS and the 5-year RFS rate of all @entity1 were 12 months and 2.6 %, respectively. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and 5-year OS rate of all @entity1 were 66 months and 48.3 %, respectively. The @entity1349 of the @entity1 with a long (>1 year) disease-free interval (DFI) could not be calculated, but their 5-year OS rate was 73.7 %. In contrast, the @entity1349 and 5-year OS rate of the @entity1 with a short (<1 year) DFI were 29 months and 37.5 %, respectively. The short DFI was the only prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive surgical resection of both hepatic and pulmonary metastases from @entity14 should be undertaken in selective @entity1 , including those with a long DFI.

title: Surgical outcomes after resection of both hepatic and pulmonary metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with multiple markers has been demonstrated to be highly sensitive in detecting circulating cells from @entity1 with @entity320 ( @entity320 ). We evaluated the clinical significance of the presence in peripheral blood of specific PCR-positive mRNA markers as an expression of circulating @entity320 cells. @entity1 AND METHODS: Total cellular RNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of 235 @entity1 with either localized (n = 154) or metastatic (n = 81) @entity320 . We performed RT-PCR using @entity11442 , @entity13333 , @entity9502 , and MelanA/ @entity16524 as gene markers. The PCR products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridization. In addition, 20 healthy subjects and 21 @entity1 with @entity5 were used as negative controls. RESULTS: Although detected at various levels among assessable @entity1 , each mRNA marker was significantly correlated with disease stage. A significant correlation with disease stage was demonstrated for @entity1 who were positive to all four markers (P < .0001) or to at least three markers (P < .001). Univariate analysis showed a significant correlation between risk of recurrence (evaluated in stage I, II, and III @entity1 ) and increasing number of PCR-positive markers (P = .0002). Logistic regression multivariate analysis indicated that each single marker (except @entity11442 ) and, more especially, the presence of four PCR-positive markers remained statistically independent prognostic factors for @entity5 progression. CONCLUSION: Our data establish the existence of a significant correlation among clinical stages, @entity5 progression, and presence of circulating @entity320 -associated antigens in peripheral blood of @entity320 @entity1 . Preliminary assessment of a subset of @entity1 with a higher risk of recurrence needs longer follow-up and further studies to define the role of RT-PCR in monitoring @entity320 @entity1 .

title: Polymerase chain reaction-based detection of circulating XXXX cells as an effective marker of @entity5 progression. @entity320 Cooperative Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nonmelanoma cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'MM', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare spinal fluid @entity413 measurements recorded by the laboratory analyzer Synchron LX20 Pro and the glucometer Ascensia Elite XL during continuous spinal anesthesia after injection of 10 mg of hyperbaric @entity1341 , in order to assess the reliability and speed of the 2 devices for monitoring changes in @entity413 concentration. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective study of 34 @entity1 under continuous spinal anesthesia administered through a 22-gauge catheter; 9 samples of spinal fluid were extracted from each @entity1 for @entity413 level measurement. The first extraction was before administration of the anesthetic and the remaining ones were during spinal anesthesia until the end of complete motor block. Correlation was assessed with the Pearson test and agreement with the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS: A total of 241 pairs of measurements were obtained. The correlation was r = 0.96 (P < .01). The mean (SD) difference in measurements from the 2 devices was -1.06 (34.82 mg x dL(-1)). The percentage of variation (systematic error) was -1.9% (11.8%), placing the 95% confidence interval between -25% and 21.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Measurements from the 2 devices are highly correlated. The absolute and percentage systematic error (bias) is negligible. Finding that 95% of measurements are within 23% of the mean seems a fair percentage of error to us. We therefore believe the percentage variation, or systematic error, is clinically acceptable and that either device can be used.

title: [Comparison of 2 devices to measure spinal fluid XXXX concentration in hyperbaric spinal anesthesia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Endothelial cells (EC) produce cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). These cytokines have an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. On the other hand, anticancer agents generally cause @entity1583 . However, little is known about the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on the secretion of cytokines from EC. Therefore, we investigated if treatment with @entity902 compounds may stimulate EC to secrete cytokines. EC newly isolated from a @entity1 umbilical vein were exposed to @entity900 , @entity3003 , or @entity49811 for 80 min, then the cells were washed and placed in fresh medium. The levels of cytokines in the fresh medium were measured by the ELISA method, the levels of intracellular @entity273 ( @entity274 ) were measured by flow cytometry, and the rhodamine 123-stained live mitochondria of the EC were observed under a confocal laser microscope. @entity902 compounds induced cytokine production in @entity1 EC: @entity900 most prominently induced the release of @entity1192 and @entity650 , and @entity49811 had the greatest ability to induce the release of @entity2841 . Intracellular @entity274 production and @entity687 release were transiently induced immediately after treatment with @entity902 compounds, leading to @entity1192 release when @entity274 production was eliminated. These results may provide new insights into the hematological @entity137 induced by anticancer agents and the role of @entity1192 and @entity650 secreted from EC in this @entity137 .

title: Release of cytokines from @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with XXXX compounds in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recently, pattern recognition approaches have been used to classify patterns of brain activity elicited by sensory or cognitive processes. In the clinical context, these approaches have been mainly applied to classify groups of individuals based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Only a few studies have applied similar methods to functional MRI (fMRI) data. METHODS: We used a novel analytic framework to examine the extent to which unipolar and @entity162 individuals differed on discrimination between patterns of neural activity for happy and neutral faces. We used data from 18 currently @entity308 individuals with @entity162 ( @entity162 ) and 18 currently @entity308 individuals with recurrent @entity308 ( @entity308 ), matched on @entity308 severity, age, and illness duration, and 18 age- and gender ratio-matched @entity392 ( @entity392 ). fMRI data were analyzed using a general linear model and Gaussian process classifiers. RESULTS: The accuracy for discriminating between patterns of neural activity for happy versus neutral faces overall was lower in both @entity1 groups relative to @entity392 . The predictive probabilities for intense and mild happy faces were higher in @entity392 than in @entity162 , and for mild happy faces were higher in @entity392 than @entity308 (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, the predictive probability for intense happy faces was significantly higher in @entity308 than @entity162 (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that patterns of whole-brain neural activity to intense happy faces were significantly less distinct from those for neutral faces in @entity162 than in either @entity392 or @entity308 . These findings indicate that pattern recognition approaches can be used to identify abnormal brain activity patterns in @entity1 populations and have promising clinical utility as techniques that can help to discriminate between @entity1 with different @entity146 .

title: Pattern recognition analyses of brain activation elicited by happy and neutral faces in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depressed', 'BD', 'bipolar I disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['UD', 'depressed', 'depression', 'unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illnesses']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['healthy comparison subjects', 'HC']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['unipolar and bipolar depression']


abstract: The genetics of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression has been extensively studied in @entity1 and other organisms, but little is known about genetic factors contributing to microRNA (miRNA) expression. We examined natural variation of miRNA expression in adipose tissue in a population of 200 @entity1 who have been carefully characterized for @entity209 ( @entity209 ) phenotypes as part of the @entity209 in @entity1 (METSIM) study. We genotyped the subjects using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and quantified the mRNA abundance using genome-wide expression arrays and miRNA abundance using next-generation sequencing. We reliably quantified 356 miRNA species that were expressed in @entity1 adipose tissue, a limited number of which made up most of the expressed miRNAs. We mapped the miRNA abundance as an expression quantitative trait and determined cis regulation of expression for nine of the miRNAs and of the processing of one miRNA ( @entity50256 ). The degree of genetic variation of miRNA expression was substantially less than that of mRNAs. For the majority of the miRNAs, genetic regulation of expression was independent of the expression of mRNA from which the miRNA is transcribed. We also showed that for 108 miRNAs, mapped reads displayed widespread variation from the canonical sequence. We found a total of 24 miRNAs to be significantly associated with @entity209 traits. We suggest a regulatory role for miR-204-5p which was predicted to inhibit @entity16374 coenzyme A carboxylase b, a key @entity844 oxidation enzyme that has been shown to play a role in regulating body fat and insulin resistance in adipose tissue.

title: Genetic regulation of XXXX adipose microRNA expression and its consequences for metabolic traits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'humans', 'human', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic Syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome', 'MetSyn']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The Fas ( @entity1197 / @entity1197 ) system regulates a number of physiological and pathological processes of cell death. The ligand for Fas induces apoptosis by interacting with a transmembrane cell surface Fas receptor. The key role of the Fas system has been studied mostly in the immune system, but Fas mutations, one of the possible mechanisms for resistance to apoptosis signaling, may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-lymphoid @entity5 as well. To better understand the potential involvement of Fas system in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) we evaluated Fas and @entity12 mRNA expression by polymerase chain reaction in 102 @entity5 samples and in 44 normal surrounding tissues. Although over 60% of the @entity1 @entity1149 analysed expressed both genes, they seem to be unable to induce apoptosis in vivo by autocrine suicide. In this regard, we investigated in 79 cases, the promoter and the entire coding region of the Fas gene by polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing for detecting putative alterations. Sixteen @entity5 (20.25 %) were found to have Fas alterations, in promoter and/or exon region. In all cases samples carried heterozygous alterations and mostly showed simultaneous mutations of @entity876 gene. Moreover, the quantitative analysis of Fas mRNA expression showed high levels of Fas messenger associated with @entity876 wild-type status alone. Taken together, these findings point to an involvement of Fas/ @entity12 system in the development of @entity1149 , suggesting that the loss of its apoptotic function might be linked to @entity876 alterations which contribute to the self-maintenance of @entity5 cells.

title: Alterations of Fas ( @entity1197 / @entity1197 ) gene and its relationship with @entity876 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity5881 is a major health care problem worldwide. Findings have demonstrated that @entity1068 feeding impairs several of the multiple steps in @entity1853 metabolism that leads to progressive @entity99 . @entity1068 consumption has been reported to predominantly inhibit the activity of a vital cellular enzyme, @entity1853 synthase, involved in remethylating @entity1255 . By way of compensation in some species, @entity1068 can also increase the activity of the enzyme, betaine @entity1255 methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyzes an alternate pathway in @entity1853 metabolism and utilizes hepatic betaine to remethylate @entity1255 to form @entity1853 and maintain levels of @entity7726 , the key methylating agent. Under extended periods of @entity1068 feeding, however, this alternate pathway cannot be maintained. This results in a decrease in the hepatocyte level of @entity7726 and increases in two toxic metabolites, @entity13710 and @entity1255 . These changes in the various metabolites of @entity1853 metabolism, in turn, result in serious functional consequences. These include decreases in essential methylation reactions by inhibiting various methyltransferases critical to normal functioning of the liver and upregulation of the activation of endoplasmic reticulum-dependent apoptosis and lipid synthetic pathways. The ultimate outcome of these consequences is increased fat deposition, increased apoptosis, accumulation of damaged proteins, and alterations in various signaling pathways, all of which can ultimately result in progressive @entity409 . Of all the therapeutic modalities that are presently being used to attenuate @entity1068 -induced @entity99 , betaine has been shown to be the most effective in a variety of experimental models of @entity409 . @entity7727 , by virtue of aiding in the remethylation of @entity1255 , removes both toxic metabolites ( @entity1255 and @entity13710 ), restores @entity7726 level, reverses @entity1560 , prevents apoptosis and reduces both damaged protein accumulation and oxidative stress. Thus, betaine is a promising therapeutic agent in relieving the methylation and other defects associated with @entity988 .

title: XXXX and @entity1853 metabolism.

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic abuse']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity13710 :: ('MESH:D012435', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylhomocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['Alcoholic liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Through integrated use of echo-Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), it is possible to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of both @entity1002 . In this study, we sought to assess the prevalence of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and its relation with indices of long-axis function in asymptomatic @entity1 with arterial @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A perspective echo-Doppler study was performed in 1556 consecutive asymptomatic @entity1 with grade 2-to-3 arterial @entity101 aged 40-80 years enrolled in the SPHERE (multicenter proSPective study of ecHocardiography in hypERtEnsion) study. All @entity1 had a LV ejection fraction (EF)>= 50% and no history of @entity712 or @entity453 . Advanced @entity1002 was identified by an average mitral-to-peak early diastolic annular ratio (E/e')>= 13. Less than advanced @entity1002 was identified by: 8<E/e'<13 and left atrial volume index>= 34 ml/m(2). Overall @entity1002 was present in 286 @entity1 (18%): advanced in 128, less than advanced in 158. LV long-axis function, as assessed by average peak systolic annular velocity (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.54, p<0.0001), mitral E/A ratio (HR: 3.20, p=0.0009), age (HR: 1.05, p=0.0087), body mass index (HR: 1.06, p=0.037), and relative wall thickness (HR: 1.05, p=0.050) were independent predictors of advanced @entity1002 . LV long-axis function (HR: 0.78, p<0.0001), E/A ratio (HR: 2.35, p=0.0032), LV end-diastolic volume index (HR: 1.04, p=0.0035), and age (HR: 1.03, p=0.018) were independently associated with overall @entity1002 , with a borderline contribution of LV mass index (HR: 1.01, p=0.062). CONCLUSIONS: An abnormal LV long-axis function was a powerful determinant of any @entity1002 in asymptomatic @entity1 with arterial @entity101 .

title: Abnormal left ventricular longitudinal function assessed by echocardiographic and tissue Doppler imaging is a powerful predictor of diastolic dysfunction in XXXX @entity1 : the SPHERE study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) diastolic and longitudinal functions', 'LVDD', 'LV diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) emission from grassland-based agriculture is an important source of atmospheric @entity3727 . It is hence crucial to explore various solutions including farm @entity1568 (N) management to mitigate @entity3727 emissions without sacrificing farm profitability and food supply. This paper reviews major N management practices to lower @entity3727 emission from grassland-based agriculture. Restricted grazing by reducing grazing time is an effective way to decrease @entity3727 emissions from excreta patches. Balancing the protein-to-energy ratios in the diets of ruminants can also decrease @entity3727 emissions from excreta patches. Among the managements of synthetic fertilizer N application, only adjusting fertilizer N rate and slow-released fertilizers are proven to be effective in lowering @entity3727 emissions. Use of bedding materials may increase @entity3727 emissions from animal houses. Manure storage as slurry, manipulating slurry pH to values lower than 6 and storage as solid manure under anaerobic conditions help to reduce @entity3727 emissions during manure storage stage. For manure land application, @entity3727 emissions can be mitigated by reducing manure N inputs to levels that satisfy grass needs. Use of nitrification inhibitors can substantially lower @entity3727 emissions associated with applications of fertilizers and manures and from urine patches. @entity3727 emissions from legume based grasslands are generally lower than fertilizer-based systems. In conclusion, effective measures should be taken at each step during N flow or combined options should be used in order to mitigate @entity3727 emission at the farm level.

title: A review of XXXX mitigation by farm @entity1568 management in temperate grassland-based agriculture.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was attempted in 20 @entity1 with stenoses of @entity1211 . It concerned one stenosis in a native subclavian vein, 12 stenoses in venous bypass grafts and 7 stenoses in hemodialysis-access @entity292 . Primary results were excellent for the procedures in the native vein and the venous bypass grafts with success in all @entity1 (13/13). In the @entity2548 for hemodialysis, dilatation of the venous stenoses was only possible in 5 out of 7 @entity1 . The @entity3526 did not recur within a follow-up period of 3 years. Of the stenoses in the venous bypass grafts, two lesions reoccluded within one week and 6 lesions recurred within one year. Two of these lesions were successfully redilated so that 6 lesions remain patent with a follow-up of more than one year. Of the 5 successful dilatations in hemodialysis-access @entity292 , two lesions recurred within 2 months. Only 3 veins are still accessible for hemodialysis. It is concluded that attempts at balloon dilatation of stenoses in venous bypass grafts or hemodialysis-access @entity292 are meaningful in order to prolong the life of these surgical procedures. Recurrence of stenoses is however likely to occur within one or two years.

title: Balloon angioplasty of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous structures']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian vein stenosis']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous structures']


abstract: This study was carried out to compare quantitative histopathological estimates obtained in normal breast epithelium (N = 15), @entity1137 in situ (N = 29), @entity513 in situ (N = 24), @entity1137 (N = 39), and @entity513 (N = 71) of the female breast. Using unbiased stereology, the three-dimensional mean nuclear size, v v(nuc), was estimated in routine histological sections, along with morphometric point-counting based estimates of the mean nuclear profile area, aH(nuc), and estimates of the nuclear density index, NI, the mitotic index, MI, and the nuclear volume fraction, Vv(nuc/tis). The vv(nuc), aH(nuc), and MI were, on average, @entity1137 (2p < or = 0.01), whereas the mean NI was @entity513 (2p = 3.10(-4). Comparing estimates obtained in @entity5 of pure @entity513 in situ (N = 11) with those obtained in @entity5 of pure @entity1137 in situ (N = 7), only the difference in mean NI reached statistical significance (2p = 0.001). Several significant differences were found between means of quantitative histopathological estimates obtained in normal breast epithelium, pure in situ lesions, and invasive @entity189 . Overlaps were, however, evident among the groups. There were no significant differences between means of the quantitative variables obtained in @entity3821 with or without accompanying @entity189 (2p > or = 0.22). A close correlation was found between estimates of vv(nuc) obtained in the in situ component and the invasive @entity513 (r = 0.86, 2p = 2.10(-4). Previous studies have shown prognostic value of quantitative histopathological variables in @entity0 . The present study points to an additional value of the investigated variables in the diagnostic separation of normal breast epithelium, in situ lesions, and invasive @entity189 . The quantitative variables obtained in the situ lesions did not indicate whether an accompanying invasive @entity5 was present or not.

title: Quantitative histopathological variables in in situ and invasive XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma', 'invasive lobular carcinoma', 'larger in ductal than in lobular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the ductal and the lobular type']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['part of ductal carcinomas', 'smaller in ductal carcinomas', 'ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1137 :: (MESH:D018275,Disease) :: ['ductal and lobular carcinomas']


abstract: The 4 K 245-GHz/8.7-T electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the stable @entity18481 radical in @entity1605 , known as TyrD., has been measured. Illumination at 200 K enhances the signal intensity of TyrD. by a factor of > 40 compared to the signal obtained from dark-adapted samples. This signal enhancement and the unusual line shape of the TyrD. resonance result from the magnetic dipolar coupling of the radical to the @entity921 cluster involved in @entity26 evolution. The relative angular orientation of the @entity921 cluster with respect to TyrD. has been determined from line-shape analysis. The resonance arising from TyrD. in Tris-washed @entity921 -free @entity1605 sample is also distorted. This effect probably originates from the influence of the nonheme @entity68 on the spin relaxation of the @entity18481 radical. The relative angular orientation of the nonheme @entity68 has also been determined. Oriented samples were used to determine the angular orientation of TyrD. with respect to the membrane plane. Combining angular data with published distances, we have constructed a three-dimensional picture of the relative positions of TyrD., the @entity921 cluster, and the nonheme @entity68 . The data suggest a more symmetrical placement of the @entity921 relative to TyrD. and TyrZ, the @entity669 involved in electron transfer, than is usually assumed in current models of @entity1605 .

title: Angular orientation of the stable XXXX radical within @entity1605 by high-field 245-GHz electron paramagnetic resonance.

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['photosystem II']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity18481 :: (CHEBI:37898,Chemical) :: ['tyrosyl']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The diffusion of @entity3787 radicals in intracoronal bleaching is associated with a risk of invasive cervical resorption. The use of acidified @entity8542 has been recommended as a scavenger of residual radicals generated during intracoronal bleaching. The aims of this study were to quantify @entity3787 radical diffusion to external root surfaces after intracoronal bleaching with commonly used materials and to evaluate the effect of using acidified @entity8542 with @entity273 ( @entity5568 ) on @entity3787 radical diffusion. METHODS: Eighty-two @entity1 premolars were prepared, stained, root filled, and allocated to experimental and control groups as follows: group 1: @entity14502 (SP) and water (n  =  21), group 2: @entity5568 (n  =  21), group 3: acidified @entity8542 and @entity5568  (n  =  21), group 4: neutral @entity8542 and @entity5568 (n  =  10), control group 1: negative control (water) (n  =  10), and control group 2: positive control (SP and @entity5568 ) (n  =  10). Materials were placed into the pulp chamber, sealed, and placed in 5  mmol/L @entity33213 at 37  C for 48  hours. @entity3787 radicals were quantified using a fluorescence microplate reader and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. RESULTS: The @entity5568 and SP mixture resulted in the greatest @entity3787 radical diffusion and was significantly greater than SP and water (P  <  .05) and @entity5568 (P  <  .05). The addition of acidified @entity8542 resulted in higher radical diffusion, whereas the addition of neutral @entity8542 resulted in lower diffusion than @entity5568 alone. CONCLUSIONS: The SP and water mixture resulted in the lowest @entity3787 radical diffusion, and the @entity5568 and SP mixture resulted in the greatest. Although the addition of acidified @entity8542 to @entity5568 did not reduce radicals detected, the addition of neutral @entity8542 had a positive effect.

title: Evaluation of @entity3787 Radical Diffusion and  Acidified XXXX as a Scavenger during  Intracoronal Bleaching.

entities_list: @entity33213 :: ('MESH:C011363', 'Chemical') :: ['terephthalic acid']

entities_list: @entity14502 :: ('MESH:C027707', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium perborate']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyl', 'hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity8542 :: ('MESH:D013890', 'Chemical') :: ['thiourea']

answer: @entity8542 :: (MESH:D013890,Chemical) :: ['Thiourea']


abstract: Six females suffering from @entity15 ( @entity15 ) with symptoms of @entity1142 and @entity322 were investigated using anal manometry, proctometrogram, proctography and large bowel transit time estimates (using inert markers). Results were compared to a control group (4 females, 2 males). Resting anal sphincter pressure (internal sphincter function) was reduced, but not significantly so, compared with controls (46 +/- 12.6 vs. 68 +/- 8.2 mm Hg: P < 0.1). Maximum squeeze increment pressure (external sphincter function) was significantly diminished in the @entity1 group (13.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 82.5 +/- 12.3 mm Hg: P < 0.0001). Radiological imaging of the anorectum demonstrated an abnormal position of the pelvic floor at rest, with moderate descent in most cases during straining. Measurement of anorectal angles (puborectalis muscle function) indicated a normal angle at rest (76 +/- 10.4 degrees), but with little change on maximum contraction (74 +/- 3.5 degrees) and on straining (79 +/- 4.6 degrees). Rectal sensory parameters did not differ from controls either for minimum sensation, 44.5 +/- 5.2 vs. 30 +/- 5.8 ml (P < 0.1), or at maximum tolerable volume, 163 +/- 34.5 vs. 148 +/- 22 ml (P > 0.2). Four of six @entity1 failed to empty 100% of simulated stool at proctography, at which the only anatomical defect was the presence of a rectocele in two @entity1 . Large bowel transit studies revealed abnormally slow transit in 82% of @entity1 , all of whom had delay in the distal colon. These physiological studies demonstrate that in @entity1 with @entity15 who had @entity409 , there is a marked impairment of external anal sphincter function with moderate changes in pelvic floor musculature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : assessment of colonic and anorectal function in the presence of @entity322 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number needed to treat (NNT) is a key measure of the quality of @entity320 diagnosis. There are few data on this measure from primary care @entity1489 clinics in Australia. OBJECTIVE: We sought to report the NNT from a large pathology database and examine several @entity1 characteristics. METHODS: We calculated NNT by doctor and clinic among 10,612 lesions, 6796 @entity1 , 57 doctors, and 15 clinics from a pathology database. NNT was calculated with and without @entity24113 . RESULTS: Overall NNT was 30 (with @entity24113 ) and 23 (without @entity24113 ). Excluding the 4 doctors with NNT greater than 60, total NNT decreased from 30 to 21 and from 23 to 15, respectively (with and without @entity24113 ). NNT was higher for female @entity1 and younger @entity1 (<30 years). NNT varied by doctor from 0 to 192 and 117, respectively (with and without @entity24113 ). LIMITATIONS: Given the retrospective design, we were unable to examine doctor characteristics such as age, sex, medical training, and @entity1 pressure to excise. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial variability in individual doctor NNT produced an overall NNT similar to that reported from mainstream general practice, and higher than specialist practice.

title: How good are XXXX clinics at @entity320 detection? Number needed to treat variability across a national clinic group in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity24113 :: ('MESH:D017492', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic keratoses']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: @entity1790 is a frequent disease that affects about 10% of @entity1 in western countries. The prevalence of @entity3835 stones has been constantly increasing during the past fifty years in France as well as in other industrialized countries. Stone composition varies depending to gender and age of @entity1 and also underlines the role of other risk factors and associated pathologies such as body mass index and @entity6 . The decrease in struvite frequency in female @entity1 is the result of a significantly improved diagnostic and treatment of @entity293 by @entity1133 -splitting bacteria. In contrast, the increasing occurrence of weddellite calculi in stone forming @entity1 aged more than 50 years could be the consequence of post-menopausal therapy. A high prevalence of @entity414 was found in overweight and obese stone formers and in @entity6 as well. Another important finding was the increased occurrence with time of @entity3835 stones formed from @entity1377 , especially in young @entity1 . Nutritional risk factors for @entity5990 are well known: they include excessive consumption of animal proteins, @entity2827 and rapidly absorbed glucides, and insufficient dietary intake of fruits and @entity972 -rich vegetables, which provide an alkaline load. As a consequence, an excessive production of @entity3884 ions may induce several urinary disorders including low urine pH, high urine @entity460 and @entity414 excretion and low urine @entity1792 excretion. Excess in calorie intake, high @entity6353 consumption inducing @entity5201 and low water intake are other factors, which favour excessive urine concentration of solutes. Restoring the dietary balance is the first advice to prevent stone recurrence. However, the striking increase of some types of calculi, such as @entity3835 stones developed from Randall's plaque, should alert to peculiar lithogenetic risk factors and suggests that specific advices should be given to prevent stone formation.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in France].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ["papillary Randall's plaques"]

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity5201 :: ('MESH:D006959', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ones', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['stone disease']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['nephrolithiasis']


abstract: The correlation between persistent negative T wave on basal electrocardiogram and coronary anatomy or global and regional left ventricular function was investigated in 34 @entity1 with @entity1459 defined as new onset (< 2 months), crescendo or @entity1459 . The @entity1 with history of previous @entity583 , pathological Q waves on electrocardiogram or documented elevation of @entity9153 were excluded. Eighteen @entity1 (group A) showed T wave inversion (> 1 mV) in at least two leads on the basal electrocardiogram, persisting for at least 48 hours before coronary arteriography. In 16 @entity1 (group B) the basal electrocardiogram was normal. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were calculated and the regional systolic wall motion was analyzed using the area method in the 30 degrees right anterior oblique view. Hypokinesis was defined as more than 2 standard deviation below the mean value calculated in 24 normal subjects. No difference was present for age (A: 61 +/- 9 vs B: 57 +/- 9 yrs) and sex distribution. Critical stenoses of at least one coronary artery was documented in all but one @entity1 (in group B). The number of critical @entity850 per @entity1 was equal (1.8) in the two groups. Left main coronary artery showed narrowing > 50% in three @entity1 of group A and in two @entity1 of group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Persistent T-wave inversion in XXXX : the correlation with the global and regional function of the left ventricle].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['rest angina', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While novel drugs have been developed, @entity1205 remains one of the standard initial systemic therapies for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity1 . Despite the excellent anti- @entity5 effect of @entity1205 , its severe adverse effects sometimes distress @entity1 . Therefore, it would be very helpful to predict the efficacy of @entity1205 before treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the potential value of @entity1 characteristics in predicting @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and to develop a risk classification for @entity263 @entity1 treated with @entity1205 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: This study included 79 @entity1 with @entity263 treated with @entity1205 . The variables, including @entity1 characteristics at diagnosis and at the start of chemotherapy, were retrospectively collected. Prognostic factors predicting @entity1349 were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Risk stratification for @entity1349 was determined based on the results of multivariate analysis. RESULTS: PSA response >= 50 % was observed in 55 (69.6 %) of all @entity1 , and the median @entity1349 was 22.5 months. The multivariate analysis showed that age, serum PSA level at the start of chemotherapy, and Hb were independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 . In addition, ECOG performance status (PS) and the CRP-to-albumin ratio were not significant but were considered possible predictors for @entity1349 . Risk stratification according to the number of these risk factors could effectively stratify @entity263 @entity1 treated with @entity1205 in terms of @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Age, serum PSA level at the start of chemotherapy, and Hb were identified as independent prognostic factors of @entity1349 . ECOG PS and the CRP-to-albumin ratio were not significant, but were considered possible predictors for @entity1349 in Japanese @entity263 @entity1 treated with @entity1205 . Risk stratification based on these factors could be helpful for estimating @entity1349 .

title: Prognostic factors and risk stratification in XXXX with @entity263 receiving @entity1205 -based chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity10233 is a new inhalation anesthetic having especially desirable recovery characteristics because of its very low blood and tissue solubility. Investigations of its cardiovascular and electroencephalographic effects have revealed actions similar to those of @entity5161 . However, these studies did not evaluate the potential of @entity10233 to predispose the heart to @entity1425 -induced @entity943 . In this investigation, we studied eight domestic @entity1707 to compare the effects of @entity10233 with those of other anesthetics on the cardiac arrhythmogenic actions of intravenously infused @entity1425 . @entity10233 , @entity5161 , and @entity1508 each were given, on separate days, at 0.7-0.8 and at 1.1-1.2 MAC. The rate of infusion of @entity1425 needed to produce @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) when the animals were anesthetized with @entity10233 (6.9 +/- 0.7 and 6.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 at 0.8 and 1.2 MAC) did not differ from that during @entity5161 anesthesia (5.7 +/- 1.1 and 6.0 +/- 1.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 at 0.7 and 1.1 MAC), but was greater than that required during @entity1508 anesthesia (1.3 +/- 0.2 and 1.1 +/- 0.3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 at 0.7 and 1.1 MAC). Similar mean arterial blood pressures and heart rates resulted from like infusions of @entity1425 during @entity10233 and @entity5161 anesthesia. @entity1540 occurred at lesser infusion rates of @entity1425 and at lower mean arterial blood pressures and heart rates with @entity1508 than with @entity10233 or @entity5161 . Anesthetic concentration, over the range studied, did not alter the infusion rate of @entity1425 required to produce @entity943 with any anesthetic. The authors conclude that @entity10233 and @entity5161 have similar properties with respect to @entity1425 -induced @entity943 and increases in heart rate and arterial blood pressure.

title: @entity1425 -induced @entity1540 and changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate during I-653, @entity5161 , and @entity1508 anesthesia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore insulin pump settings in a cohort of pregnant @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 on insulin pump therapy with a bolus calculator. METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 on insulin pump therapy were included in this study. At 8, 12, 21, 27 and 33 weeks, insulin pump settings and HbA1c were recorded. Results were compared with 96 @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 on multiple daily injection therapy. RESULTS: Throughout pregnancy, the @entity1735 -to-insulin ratio decreased at all three main meals. The most pronounced decrease was observed at breakfast, where the @entity1735 -to-insulin ratio was reduced, from median 12 (range 4-20) in early pregnancy to 3 (2-10) g @entity1735 per unit insulin in late pregnancy. Basal insulin delivery increased by    50%, i.e. from 0.8 (0.5-2.2) to 1.2 (0.6-2.5) IU/h at 5 a.m. and from 1.0 (0.6-1.5) to 1.3 (0.2-2.3) IU/h at 5 p.m. during pregnancy. HbA1c levels during pregnancy, the occurrence of severe @entity4053 and pregnancy outcomes were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 on insulin pump therapy with a bolus calculator, the @entity1735 -to-insulin ratio declined 4-fold from early to late pregnancy, whereas changes in basal insulin delivery were smaller.

title: Changes in basal rates and bolus calculator settings in insulin pumps during pregnancy in @entity1 with XXXX 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity189 were treated with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) (1000 mg/m2/d as a continuous intravenous [IV]infusion on days 1 through 4), @entity900 (100 mg/m2 IV on day 1), @entity1138 (10 mg/m2 IV on day 1), and concurrent radiation therapy (4500 cGy/4.5 wk). If no disease progression was observed, operable @entity1 underwent surgery 4 to 6 weeks after completion of radiation therapy. A thoracotomy with a gastric pull-through operation was performed in the first six @entity1 . Subsequently, a transhiatal ("blunt") esophagectomy was used. Twenty-five @entity1 had squamous cell histology and four had @entity420 . Of 25 @entity1 with @entity957 , 13 underwent esophagectomy. The clinical complete response rate was 61% (eight of 13 @entity1 ), with a pathologic complete remission documented in five of 13 @entity1 (38%). The overall local @entity5 sterilization rate was 53% (seven of 13 @entity1 ). In the 12 @entity1 who did not undergo surgery after chemoradiotherapy, four had a complete clinical response (33%) and five had a partial response (41%). Symptoms or signs of @entity66 recurrence or stricture were noticed in ten of 12 @entity1 who did not undergo surgery (83%), compared with 28% of @entity1 who underwent surgery. The median survival time of the group receiving surgery was 10 months, compared with 5 months for those who did not undergo operation (P = 0.027). @entity1 undergoing transhiatal esophagectomy had shorter postoperative hospital stays and fewer serious complications, compared with @entity1 undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy. The use of chemoradiotherapy and transhiatal esophagectomy for @entity418 should be evaluated using alternative sequences of treatment (e.g., postoperative therapy) to reduce @entity137 while maintaining local control of disease.

title: @entity900 , @entity1487 , XXXX , and concurrent radiation therapy with and without esophogectomy for @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity235 bite injury of the head and neck is not rare in @entity1 although @entity1504 is reported anecdotally. Among the case reports there is a significant number of @entity1 in whom the diagnosis of penetrating @entity128 was delayed. The aim of the study was to describe a @entity1 with a trans mastoid @entity542 due to a @entity235 bite that was not diagnosed at presentation and review similar cases in the literature. METHODS: A 13-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the emergency room with severe head, neck and breast lacerations. She was transferred to the operating room for debridement and only then was a trans mastoid @entity174 diagnosed. We searched for case reports in the literature describing @entity1 suffering from @entity235 bites in whom the diagnosis of @entity1504 was delayed. RESULTS: We found descriptions of five @entity1 , 4 after @entity235 bite and one after @entity7928 bite. Four of them were under two years of age and all had scalp lacerations that were treated at presentation. The time period to diagnosing the @entity1545 was one day to three weeks. The symptoms that led to the diagnosis were @entity221 in 3 @entity1 , @entity693 in two, @entity867 in one @entity1 and four of them developed neurological signs. All of the @entity1 had surgical intervention after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1504 after @entity235 bite should be suspected in any @entity1 with scalp lacerations. Adequate investigations should be performed at presentation with careful attention to this specific type of @entity130 .

title: Delayed diagnosis of @entity1504 due to a XXXX bite--a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['cranial injury']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial injury', 'intracranial injury']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dystroglycan (DG) is a recently focused adhesion molecule with possible roles in @entity5 development and progression. We investigated correlations between alpha-DG expression and prognosis in @entity356 with @entity409 . METHODS: For 40 @entity1 with @entity356 and liver-only @entity3 , alpha-DG expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of resected @entity5 , resected @entity409 , and their normal counterpart tissues. Correlations between alpha-DG expression and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: alpha-DG expression was higher in primary @entity356 (P = 0.006) and lower in @entity409 (P = 0.002) than in each normal counterpart. In primary @entity5 , @entity1 who had lower alpha-DG expression in @entity5 than in normal counterparts showed poor @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (P = 0.028). In contrast, in the liver, @entity1 who had higher alpha-DG expression in @entity5 than in normal counterparts showed poor @entity1349 (P = 0.022). Also, higher alpha-DG expression in @entity409 than in @entity5 led to poor recurrence-free survival (P = 0.023) and @entity1349 (P = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS: This approach may be used to further understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity409 from @entity356 . Further studies are warranted to reveal the mechanisms of alpha-DG dysregulation in @entity409 .

title: Increments of alpha-dystroglycan expression in XXXX correlate with poor survival in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer', 'stomach tumors', 'stomach tumor', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver metastasis']