abstract: AIM: To assess the effectiveness of oral @entity396 compared with @entity29484 in the prevention of primary post-partum @entity548 during the third stage of labor. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial of 864 singleton low-risk pregnant @entity1 . The outcomes were @entity190 , duration of the third stage of labor and peripartal change in hematocrit. Comparisons were by the chi2-test and Student t-test. Relative risks were calculated for side-effects profile. A P-value of less than 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS: The biodata of all the @entity1 were similar. The mean @entity190 for the @entity396 and @entity29484 groups was 191.6 +/- 134.5 mL and 246.0 +/- 175.5 mL, respectively (95% CI: -79.3 to -39.5 mL). The mean duration of the third stage of labor was 19.6 +/- 2.4 min and 9.4 +/- 3.3 min in the @entity396 and @entity29484 groups, respectively (95% CI: 9.82-10.58 min). More subjects had @entity190 >500 mL, 42 (9.7%) versus 6 (1.4%), and peripartal hematocrit change greater than 10%, 38 (8.8%) versus 5 (1.2%), in the @entity29484 group than in the @entity396 group, respectively. Also, more subjects received additional oxytocic in the @entity29484 group, compared to the @entity396 group (80 [18.5%] versus 33 [7.6%] @entity1 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Orally administered @entity396 was more effective in reducing @entity190 during the third stage of labor than intramuscular @entity29484 . However, there were more subjects in the @entity396 group in whom duration of the third stage of labor was greater than 15 min and who also had manual placental removal than in the @entity29484 group.

title: Oral XXXX for the prevention of primary post-partum @entity548 during third stage of labor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity29484 :: ('MESH:D008755', 'Chemical') :: ['methylergometrine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test whether the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) Impella LP2.5 (Abiomed Europe GmbH, Aachen, Germany) provides superior hemodynamic support compared with the @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ). BACKGROUND: @entity1455 caused by @entity1002 is associated with high mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). An LVAD may help to bridge @entity1 to recovery from @entity1002 . METHODS: In a prospective, randomized study, 26 @entity1 with @entity1455 were studied. The primary end point was the change of the cardiac index (CI) from baseline to 30 min after implantation. Secondary end points included @entity8193 , @entity2142 , and mortality after 30 days. RESULTS: In 25 @entity1 the allocated device (n = 13 @entity2333 , n = 12 Impella LP2.5) could be safely placed. One @entity1 died before implantation. The CI after 30 min of support was significantly increased in @entity1 with the Impella LP2.5 compared with @entity1 with @entity2333 (Impella: DeltaCI = 0.49 +/- 0.46 l/min/m(2); @entity2333 : DeltaCI = 0.11 +/- 0.31 l/min/m(2); p = 0.02). Overall 30-day mortality was 46% in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 presenting with @entity1455 caused by @entity583 , the use of a percutaneously placed LVAD (Impella LP 2.5) is feasible and safe, and provides superior hemodynamic support compared with standard treatment using an @entity2333 . (Efficacy Study of LV Assist Device to Treat @entity1 With @entity1455 [ISAR-SHOCK]; NCT00417378).

title: A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a percutaneous left ventricular assist device versus intra-aortic balloon pumping for treatment of @entity1455 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['IABP', 'intra-aortic balloon pump']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiogenic Shock', 'Cardiogenic shock', 'cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Recurrent @entity320 of the extremities can lead to bulky symptomatic lesions that become difficult management problems. Treatment of these @entity5 with isolated limb perfusion with high dose chemotherapy may offer palliation in a number of @entity1 . Unfortunately, the most commonly used drug, @entity10841 mustard, has been known to have significant associated tissue @entity137 . Therefore, during the years 1976-1995, we perfused 67 limbs in 60 @entity1 with various other drugs: 36 with @entity2699 , 6 with @entity900 , 20 with @entity3003 , and 5 with @entity11678 ). Perfusion was performed for 16 upper extremities and 51 lower extremities using the pump oxygenator for 1 hour. Among the 60 @entity1 , 17 were treated prophylactically for high-risk @entity320 , whereas 43 were treated for local and in-transit recurrences. The technique of perfusion successfully isolated the limbs from the systemic circulation: the median leaks over time were 0.5-1.6 percent for the upper extremities, and 0.2-7.5 percent for the lower extremities. Among the 43 @entity1 treated with therapeutic isolated limb perfusion, 11 @entity1 (26 percent) are alive with no evidence of disease for a median of 58 months (range: 8 months to 17 years 9 months), and another 5 @entity1 (12 percent) are alive with recurrence for a median of 45 months (range: 27 months to 10 years 7 months). Four @entity1 required two perfusions, and two @entity1 required three perfusions (one @entity1 has no evidence of disease 6 years after her third perfusion for recurring in-transit disease). There were 19 complications noted after 14 of the 67 perfusions (21%): postoperative @entity4 , 5; @entity2080 , 4; wound separation/infection, 9; and nonfatal @entity358 , 1. In our experience, aggressive treatment in selected @entity1 with regional isolated perfusion of limbs for @entity320 has provided meaningful palliation and salvage of the limbs with adequate disease-free control, and occasional survival benefit. This regional treatment modality is associated with meaningful control and with few serious complications, especially when compared with studies using @entity10841 mustard. This series illustrates the safety of controlling limb recurrence with this technique, even with repeat perfusions in the same @entity1 .

title: Regional isolated perfusion of extremities for XXXX : a 20-year experience with drugs other than @entity10841 mustard.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyltriazeno imidazole carboxamide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity10841 :: ('CHEBI:58095', 'Chemical') :: ['L-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: To study the electrophysiological effects of oral @entity2779 on accessory pathways and determine the potential for @entity2922 -mediated reversal of these effects, comprehensive electrophysiology studies (EPS) were conducted in 11 @entity1 with manifest (n = 9) or concealed (n = 2) @entity3155 . EPS were performed at baseline (in the drug-free state), after oral @entity2779 loading, and with @entity3044 infusion during @entity2779 therapy. The study group included 10 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 with a mean age of 39 +/- 13 years, who presented with symptoms of palpitations (n = 6), @entity1163 (n = 3) and @entity1163 (n = 2). The clinical @entity943 was atrioventricular reciprocating @entity591 (n = 6), @entity955 (n = 3), or both (n = 2). During the baseline EPS the accessory pathway location was identified as left (n = 6) or septal (n = 5). The mean anterograde effective refractory period was 265 +/- 42 ms, the shortest pre-excited RR interval 259 +/- 20 ms and the retrograde refractory period 258 +/- 39 ms. Orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating @entity591 was induced in 10 @entity1 (mean cycle length = 324 +/- 31 ms). Antidromic reciprocating @entity591 was induced in one @entity1 (cycle length = 340 ms). In all the 11 @entity1 EPS were repeated after 4 days of oral @entity2779 loading (668 +/- 226 mg daily) when drug steady state was expected to have been achieved. One additional @entity1 had baseline EPS but developed clinical @entity943 recurrences after @entity2779 loading and thus he was excluded from the study; follow-up EPS were conducted on @entity1818 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Electrophysiological and electropharmacological studies in XXXX : results with @entity2779 therapy and @entity3044 infusion testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3155 :: ('MESH:D011226', 'Disease') :: ['pre-excitation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'presyncope']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter/fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity3155 :: (MESH:D011226,Disease) :: ['pre-excitation syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A majority of @entity3511 ( @entity3511 ) are associated with shock, hence most of the @entity1 are hemodynamically unstable, which limits the use of video-assisted laparoscopy ( @entity2596 ) in their management. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using @entity2596 in management of stable and unstable @entity1 with @entity1661 . METHODS: In a period of six years 2,695 @entity1 with @entity3511 were evaluated. The subjects were evaluated retrospectively and divided into two groups. Group 1, consisting of 1,363 @entity1 , had conventional routine investigations following which they underwent laparotomy for confirmatory diagnosis and definitive management. The second group, consisting of 1,332 @entity1 , underwent diagnostic laparoscopy in addition to the conventional investigations in the first group; 411 @entity1 of this group had therapeutic laparoscopy. Demographic information, incidence of organs injuries and operative findings, success rate of @entity2596 and laparotomy repair, complications, associated injuries, and hospital mortality were evaluated. RESULTS: The age of 62.6% of our @entity1 was 20-50 years, while 10.6% and 14.5% were less than 19 and greater than 50 years, respectively. Associated injuries were head, chest, musculoskeletal, and vertebral column. Most of the victims presented with shock; 50.7%, 24.7%, and 15.9% of the @entity1 were in mild, moderate, and severe shock respectively, and 8.7% of the subjects had stable hemodynamic status. In the first group 47.1% of the laparotomies were absolutely indicated and 24.4% were negative. Of the @entity1 who had laparotomy, 26.0% would have been managed confidently by @entity2596 . In the second group following @entity2596 42.5% of the @entity1 did not require surgical intervention. @entity2596 surgery was performed in 30.8% of @entity1 . Conversion to laparotomy was performed in 26.7% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2596 technique can be confidently used as a main tool to expedite evaluation and treatment of @entity1 with @entity1661 in cases of both stable and unstable hemodynamic status.

title: Laparoscopy versus laparotomy in management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['AIs', 'abdominal injuries']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: AIM: To outline the most occurring complications during endovascular treatment of @entity438 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of thirty-four @entity1 treated from October 1994 to February 1996 with the placement of mechanically detachable microcoils inside the aneurysmal sac. SETTING: Interventional neuroradiology suite equipped for anesthetic care. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity397 (88%) or unruptured (12%) @entity438 submitted to elective (38%) or emergency (62%) endovascular treatment. @entity439 were located in the anterior circulation in twenty-six @entity1 (76%) and in the posterior circulation in eight @entity1 (24%). INTERVENTIONS: A microcatheter was introduced into the arterial cerebral circulation to deliver @entity5335 microcoils to aneurysmal sac. The transfemoral approach was used in most cases. All @entity1 were treated under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, conventional mechanical ventilation and @entity4094 . The procedure was performed under anticoagulation with heparin and intravenous @entity3931 administration. MEASUREMENTS: Neurological assessment was performed at the time of treatment ( @entity24957 ) and six hours after the end of intervention ( @entity7167 ) using Hunt and Hess classification system. The outcome was scored at four weeks following treatment using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). RESULTS: Twenty-two (65%) interventions were successful. Attempted embolization failed in twelve (35%) @entity1 due to intraoperative complications (17.6%) or technical difficulties (17.6%). Failures were more frequently determinated by @entity2553 and @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: The time of intervention, the use of heparin and the @entity1 medical conditions need to be considered in preventing the complications of endovascular treatment.

title: [Treatment of XXXX in interventional neuroradiology. What problems for the anesthetist?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysm']


abstract: A gel-electrophoretic screening for link proteins, @entity5967 ( @entity5967 ), and @entity21876 abnormalities was performed in fetuses, newborn @entity1 , and @entity1 with various types of @entity1610 . Microdissected freeze-dried sections of upper tibial growth cartilage were extracted with 4M @entity2097 in the presence of proteolysis inhibitors. After dialysis against 8M @entity1133 , the extracts were submitted to stepwise ion-exchange chromatography to separate the large proteoglycans (aggrecans) from the other components. The latter were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, electrotransferred onto nitrocellulose membranes, and reacted with specific antibodies. Control samples from individuals with apparently normal growth were analyzed in the same runs. Two link protein bands with abnormal electrophoretic migration were found in a sporadic case of @entity7126 , @entity30440 . Three link protein bands with the same migration as in the control samples were found in @entity7344 , homozygous achondroplasia, achondrogenesis type II, hypochondrogenesis, @entity2792 , @entity51985 , @entity13107 , and @entity336 . In several pathologic cases with normal electrophoretic pattern of the link proteins, small link protein fragments appeared after reduction. The gel electrophoretic pattern of @entity5967 was studied in @entity7344 , @entity336 , homozygous achondroplasia, fibrochondrogenesis, hypochondrogenesis, @entity2792 , and @entity45764 . In all these cases the pattern was the same as in the control samples. The main band of @entity21876 had a normal migration rate in fibrochondrogenesis, @entity51985 , @entity45764 , and @entity13107 . It was delayed in @entity336 .

title: Non-collagenous protein screening in the @entity1 @entity1610 : link proteins, @entity5967 ( @entity5967 ), and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7344 :: ('MESH:D013796', 'Disease') :: ['thanatophoric dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7126 :: ('MESH:C537501', 'Disease') :: ['spondylometaphyseal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity336 :: ('MESH:C536170', 'Disease') :: ['diastrophic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity51985 :: ('MESH:C535943', 'Disease') :: ['Desbuquois dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['Goldblatt syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity30440 :: ('MESH:C537510', 'Disease') :: ['Kozlowski type']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Gene') :: ['cartilage oligomeric matrix protein', 'COMP']

entities_list: @entity13107 :: ('MESH:C535819', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoachondroplasia']

entities_list: @entity45764 :: ('MESH:C537207', 'Disease') :: ['Kniest dysplasia']

answer: @entity21876 :: (2331,Gene) :: ['fibromodulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether obtaining axial source images from three-dimensional Fourier transform (3DFT) time-of-flight MR angiography improves the detection of @entity1504 and occlusion if added to @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) images. METHODS: The angiograms of 103 @entity1 who had MR angiography for evaluation of possible @entity1504 were reviewed retrospectively in a quantitative and nonquantitative fashion. Diameters of vessels on MR angiograms were measured quantitatively by two reviewers using a magnifying loupe and compared with the results from conventional angiograms. Degrees of stenoocclusive disease were categorized into five classes; an artery with @entity850 of 50% or greater was considered to be diseased. Another five observers also reviewed the @entity1213 images with and without source images in a blinded fashion by means of nonquantitative visual inspection. RESULTS: In all, 23 stenoocclusive lesions of 50% or greater were available for review. In the quantitative analysis, with @entity1213 images alone, 14 (78%) of 18 moderate and severe @entity850 and four (80%) of five occlusions were identified correctly. The addition of the source images increased the sensitivity to 100% for moderate and severe @entity850 and to 100% for occluded vessels. In the visual inspection study, however, no statistically significant differences were found between interpretations of @entity1213 images alone and those of @entity1213 images in combination with source images. CONCLUSION: In the quantitative study, interpretation of source images rather than @entity1213 images reduced the tendency to overestimate @entity850 seen with MR angiography and improved the sensitivity for detecting @entity850 of 50% or greater. There was a discrepancy between the quantitative study and visual inspection. Experienced observers had a tendency to underestimate the degree of @entity850 .

title: XXXX and occlusion: MR angiographic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenoses', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['maximum-intensity projection', 'MIP']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vascular stenosis', 'intracranial vascular disease']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['Intracranial vascular stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) may originate from @entity2922 -sensitive @entity1972 ( @entity1972 ) or its ligament in addition to pulmonary veins (PVs). The anatomy of @entity1972 and its relation to arrhythmogenic foci in the left atrium are unknown. We studied the anatomy of @entity1972 and its relation to foci in @entity1 with @entity955 . METHODS: The study population consisted of 100 @entity1 with @entity955 (mean age, 62 years; chronic @entity955 , n = 15). @entity955 sources were determined at baseline and after @entity3044 administration without sedation. @entity1972 was identified by balloon-occluded coronary sinus (CS) angiography. We determined its anatomy in relation to left PVs. RESULTS: @entity1972 was visualized in 73 @entity1 (73%). Ninety-seven @entity1 had 269 arrhythmogenic foci ( @entity4406 , n = 77; non- @entity4406 , n = 48). Non- @entity4406 foci included left atrial posterior wall (24, 9%), left lateral area (12, 4.5%), roof (6, 2.2%), superior vena cava (28, 10.4%), crista terminalis (8, 3.0%), CS (10, 3.7%), and others (10, 3.7%). The incidence of @entity4406 foci in the left superior @entity4406 (LSPV) was significantly higher in @entity1 with well-developed @entity1972 than in those without (66% vs 42%, P < 0.05). Twenty-eight @entity1 had 30 non- @entity4406 foci around the LSPV ostium. We successfully ablated the non- @entity4406 foci at the distal end of @entity1972 in 11 @entity1 . The ends of the @entity1972 branches were good markers to search for non- @entity4406 foci. Seven of 11 (64%) @entity1 with successful ablation of non- @entity4406 foci were free from @entity943 , whereas only 6 of 17 (35%) were free from @entity943 in those with residual non- @entity4406 foci. CONCLUSIONS: To determine @entity1972 anatomy is important to identify non- @entity4406 foci around the ends of @entity1972 .

title: Marshall vein as arrhythmogenic source in @entity1 with XXXX : correlation between its anatomy and electrophysiological findings.

entities_list: @entity1972 :: ('MESH:C536025', 'Disease') :: ['vein of Marshall', 'VOM']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The phytohormone @entity9634 ( @entity6207 ) plays a vital role in plant growth and development as a regulator of numerous biological processes. Its biosynthetic pathways have been studied for decades. Recent genetic and in vitro labeling evidence indicates that @entity6207 in @entity958 and other plants is primarily synthesized from a precursor that is an intermediate in the @entity2340 (Trp) biosynthetic pathway. To determine which intermediate(s) acts as the possible branchpoint for the Trp-independent @entity6207 biosynthesis in plants, we took an in vivo approach by generating antisense @entity21988 synthase (IGS) RNA transgenic plants and using available @entity958 Trp biosynthetic pathway mutants trp2-1 and trp3-1. Antisense transgenic plants display some @entity942 phenotypes including small rosettes and reduced fertility. Protein gel blot analysis indicated that IGS expression was greatly reduced in the antisense lines. Quantitative analyses of @entity6207 and Trp content in antisense IGS transgenic plants and Trp biosynthetic mutants revealed striking differences. Compared with wild-type plants, the Trp content in all the transgenic and mutant plants decreased significantly. However, total @entity6207 levels were significantly decreased in antisense IGS transgenic plants, but remarkably increased in trp3-1 and trp2-1 plants. These results suggest that @entity21988 (IGP) in the @entity958 Trp biosynthetic pathway serves as a branchpoint compound in the Trp-independent @entity6207 de novo biosynthetic pathway.

title: XXXX , a branchpoint of @entity9634 biosynthesis from the @entity2340 biosynthetic pathway in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity21988 :: ('MESH:C008117', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-glycerol phosphate']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['auxin deficient-like']

answer: @entity21988 :: (MESH:C008117,Chemical) :: ['Indole-3-glycerol phosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Xuefuzhuyu Pill (XFZYP) on @entity2998 . METHODS: The @entity1 were randomly divided into XFZYP group and @entity117 control group. The status of the carotid plaque vessel wall and blood flow were observed by colored Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: (1) Plaque of 6 cases regressed, of 6 cases unchanged, of 1 case progressed after treatment of XFZYP. The area of plaques between baseline and after treatment decreased 0.11 +/- 0.05 cm and that of thickness reduced for 0.09 +/- 0.04 cm2 (P < 0.05) in XFZYP group. While plaque of 3 cases regressed, of 6 unchanged, of 2 cases progressed after treatment of @entity117 . The area and thickness of plaque were reduced to 0.05 +/- 0.04 cm and 0.04 +/- 0.03 cm respectively. There were no statistic difference in @entity117 group. (2) The intima-media thickness of common carotid artery decreased 0.13 +/- 0.03 mm in XFZYP group (P < 0.001 versus baseline), but there were no significant change after treatment of @entity117 (P > 0.05). (3) There were no distinct change about peak systole, minimal diastole time average peak, pulsative index, resistive index in common carotid artery and internal carotid artery after treatment of XFZYP and @entity117 . CONCLUSION: Colour Doppler ultrasonography of carotid artery provide a noninvasive, safe and valid opportunities for clinical trail. XFZYP can be useful for the treatment of @entity2998 .

title: [Effect of xuefuzhuyu pill on XXXX with @entity2998 by colour Doppler ultrasonography].

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a measure to assess post-acute outcome following from @entity131 ( @entity131 ) with particular emphasis on the emotional and the behavioral outcome. The second objective was to assess the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and factor structure of the newly developed @entity1 version of the @entity542 Participation Scale (P-HIPS) and @entity1 - @entity542 Neurobehavioral Scale (P-HINAS). METHOD: Thirty-two @entity131 individuals and 27 carers took part in in-depth qualitative interviews exploring the consequences of the @entity131 . Interview transcripts were analyzed and key themes and concepts were used to construct the 49-item P-HIPS. A postal survey was then conducted on a cohort of 113 @entity131 @entity1 to 'field test' the P-HIPS and the P-HINAS. RESULTS: All individual 49 items of the P-HIPS and their total score showed good test-retest reliability (0.93) and internal consistency (0.95). The P-HIPS showed a very good correlations with the Mayo Portland Adaptability Inventory-3 (MPAI-3) (0.87) and a moderate negative correlation with the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) (-0.51). Factor analysis extracted the following domains: 'Emotion/Behavior,' 'Independence/Community Living,' 'Cognition' and 'Physical'. The 'Emotion/Behavior' factor constituted the P-HINAS, which showed good internal consistency (0.93), test-retest reliability (0.91) and concurrent validity with MPAI subscale (0.82). CONCLUSIONS: Both the P-HIPS and the P-HINAS show strong psychometric properties. The qualitative methodology employed in the construction stage of the questionnaires provided good evidence of face and content validity.

title: Development and psychometric properties of the @entity1 - @entity542 Participation Scale (P-HIPS) and the @entity1 - XXXX Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale (P-HINAS): @entity1 and family determined outcomes scales.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether microvessel density (MVD), an immunohistochemical marker for @entity5 vascularity, predicts for radiotherapy (RT) outcome in locally advanced @entity213 @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 459 @entity1 , enrolled on the RTOG 90-03 trial, had biopsy specimens submitted, and a value for MVD determined, prior to definitive RT. 450 @entity1 were analyzable for this study. Tumor microvessels were stained for factor VIII-related antigen using a standard immunoperoxidase method. The mean number of stained microvessel profiles, from three x200 fields containing the highest MVD (hot spot), was recorded as the MVD. A prospective value of >or=60 was chosen as the threshold for high MVD, @entity5 vascularity. RESULTS: The median follow-up for the analyzable @entity1 with MVD assessment was 22.0 months and 79.1 months for all living @entity1 . There were no differences concerning the pretreatment characteristics between those RTOG 90-03 @entity1 with a value for MVD and those without a value for MVD. Thus, the present study cohort possessed comparable characteristics with the entire RTOG 90-03 population. MVD values ranged from 5 to 80, with a median value of 30. Only 37 of 450 (8.2%) @entity1 possessed an MVD >or=60. There were no outcome differences for @entity1 with MVD <60 versus >or=60 on multivariate analysis for time to local-regional failure (P = 0.89), time to distant @entity3 (P = 0.80), disease-free survival (P = 0.46), and overall survival (P = 0.39). CONCLUSIONS: In this large, correlative study, a MVD >or=60, ie, @entity5 vascularity, did not predict for outcome in locally advanced @entity135 and @entity213 @entity1 treated with radiotherapy.

title: Microvessel density >or=60 does not predict for outcome after radiation treatment for locally advanced XXXX and @entity213 : results of a correlative study from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 90-03 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'high tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity339 is a frequent complication of @entity1187 . It primarily occurs in @entity1 with a prior @entity583 but also may be seen with @entity63 , a setting in which the MR typically resolves after the @entity63 resolves. The vast majority of @entity1 have "functional" @entity63 MR. In these individuals, the papillary muscles, chordae, and valve leaflets are normal. However, the leaflets do not coapt and restricted leaflet motion is frequently noted on echocardiography. @entity339 indicates a poor prognosis after @entity583 . This study addresses the clinical characteristics of @entity1 of @entity1187 with mild functional @entity63 @entity339 and its impact on immediate in-hospital cardiovascular outcomes and @entity204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From March 2006 through May 2007, @entity1 who underwent 2-dimensional (2D) color doppler echocardiographic quantification of @entity63 @entity339 within 10 days of admission for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) in Manipal Teaching Hospital, a tertiary hospital in the western region of Nepal were noted. The demographic details, conventional risk factors of @entity453 , clinical and laboratory findings, treatment course and in-hospital outcomes of all the @entity1 with mild functional @entity63 MR following @entity1187 in that time duration were recorded in a designated Performa. A total of 94 @entity1 enrolled in the study were divided into two groups: Group I with mild functional @entity63 MR and Group II without MR on 2D echocardigraphic assessment. @entity1 characteristics, risk factors, ejection fraction, and cardiovascular outcome and @entity204 among the two groups were compared and analyzed using software package SPSS 17.0 version. RESULTS: Group I constituted 64.89% of the study population and Group II comprised of 35.11%. The @entity1 in Group I was more likely to be elderly @entity6 (P<0.05), and smokers with @entity101 (P < 0.05). Mild functional @entity63 MR was more common in @entity1 with STEMI as compared to those with @entity1459 and NSTEMI (55.7%, 36.1%, and 8.2%; P < 0.05).The mean ejection fraction in the first group was 54.84% in contrast to 58.92% observed in group II (P < 0.05).The type of wall involvement inferred from EKG analysis was homogeneously distributed in both the groups. Finally, there was no difference in immediate in-hospital (within 10 days) mortality or cardiovascular outcomes ( @entity712 , @entity1165 /fibrillation, @entity551 , and @entity1455 ) between these two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity339 following acute coronary syndromeare more likely in elderly @entity6 and @entity101 smokers. It is a more common finding in STEMI. Although mild MR following @entity1187 does reduce ejection fraction, the immediate (within 10 days) in-hospital mortality and cardiovascular outcomes are not significantly altered.

title: Mild functional @entity63 XXXX following @entity1187 : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic', 'acute ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in the methods for preparing a large DNA fragment to be used for making transgenic @entity35 from the standpoint of transgenic production efficiency and integrity of the introduced gene. In @entity375 artificial chromosome (YAC) transgenesis, three methods for preparing DNA for microinjection were compared: amplification of YAC in @entity375 ( @entity860 ), amplification of YAC in @entity375 and removal of the amplification element ( @entity860 /RE), and no amplification of the YAC in @entity375 ( @entity860 -). Production efficiency per microinjected ovum with DNA by the @entity860 method was four times higher than that by the @entity860 /RE and @entity860 -. Based on these results, we favor the @entity860 method in spite of the @entity1014 kinase gene-induced @entity4810 . In bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis, linear DNA fragments for microinjection prepared by three kinds of purification procedures were compared: Not I digestion and CsCl gradient ultra-centrifugation (Prep. 1), CsCl gradient ultra-centrifugation, Not I digestion, gel electrophoresis, and beta-agarase digestion (Prep. 2), and CsCl gradient ultra-centrifugation, Not I digestion, pulse field gel electrophoresis, and beta-agarase digestion (Prep. 3). Although the efficiency of producing transgenic @entity35 was similar with all these three DNA preparations, integration of the intact DNA fragment only occurred with the Prep. 3 procedure. We therefore favor the Prep. 3 method for preparing BAC DNA fragments. These results indicate that the method used to prepare a large DNA fragment such as YAC and BAC DNAs is important in order to produce transgenic @entity35 with an intact transgene.

title: Generation of transgenic XXXX with YACs and BACs: preparation procedures and integrity of microinjected DNA.

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male sterility']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The strains of all three types of @entity9925 used in the production of live oral @entity3328 vaccine have been shown to yield vaccines that are both immunogenic and highly attenuated when administered orally to susceptible @entity1 and adults. Experience obtained for close to four decades with the vaccines prepared from these strains indicates that laboratory and animal tests described in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Requirements for @entity3328 Vaccines (Oral) do ensure the consistency of virus characteristics during vaccine production. Major advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of attenuation and reversion of polioviruses resulted in the development of a new generation of tests. These include an alternative in vivo neurovirulence test in @entity19 that express the @entity1 @entity9925 receptor and a new in vitro assay (mutant analysis by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme cleavage, shortly MAPREC) that assess the consistency of vaccine production at a molecular level. A WHO collaborative study was initiated in 1993 with the objective of assessing @entity19 as potential models for evaluation of the neurovirulence of type 3 vaccines. The results of the study showed that there is a very good correlation between the TgPVR21 @entity19 assay and the monkey neurovirulence test. Further studies are in progress to develop a statistical model for making regulatory decisions on accepting or rejecting batches of type 3 vaccine. A WHO collaborative study was initiated in 1991 to evaluate the MAPREC assay for type 3 vaccines. The results of this study showed that the MAPREC test was a sensitive, robust and standardized molecular assay suitable for process development for new manufacturers and for monitoring the consistency of existing vaccine production. Screening single virus harvests with MAPREC before pooling them into monovalent bulk vaccine will also improve the quality of the final product.

title: New assays for the quality control of live oral XXXX vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis', 'Poliomyelitis']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intravenous injection of @entity52194 A improves the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of valvular pathologies. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five consecutive @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity472 , n = 48; @entity337 , n = 20; @entity4794 , n = 21; and @entity339 , n = 36) and diagnostically insufficient Doppler signal were enrolled in this multicenter study. The severity of @entity340 was graded on a four-point scale using unenhanced and contrast-enhanced Doppler echocardiography as well as cardiac catheterization. Agreement with cardiac catheterization findings increased from 63% using the unenhanced examination to 73% using the contrast-enhanced Doppler examination. Grading was possible in all @entity1 using @entity52194 A, whereas the unenhanced Doppler examination remained inconclusive in six @entity1 . The weighted kappa coefficient between contrast-enhanced Doppler and cardiac catheterization for all diagnoses was 0.76 as compared to 0.68 between unenhanced Doppler and cardiac catheterization. Agreement was especially improved in @entity472 (kappa 0.69 unenhanced vs 0.81 contrast-enhanced) and in @entity337 (kappa 0.45 unenhanced vs 0.75 contrast-enhanced). @entity1 with @entity4794 and @entity339 experienced less improvement. CONCLUSIONS: In case of an inconclusive unenhanced Doppler echo study, the administration of a left heart contrast agent should be considered. @entity52194 A is especially useful in improving the severity grading of @entity472 and @entity337 , while grading of @entity4794 and @entity339 is less improved.

title: @entity52194 A (Levovist)-enhanced Doppler echocardiography improves the assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular pathology']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular heart disease']


abstract: @entity5723 ( @entity5723 , @entity5723 , @entity9348 ) is a volatile solvent widely used in domestic or industrial environments and reported as innocuous in various test systems. The aim of this work was to search for in vivo genotoxic effects of @entity9348 in @entity238 , studying its ability to induce @entity29191 ( @entity29191 ) in females, sex linked recessive lethals (SLRL) in males, and somatic mutation and/or recombination (SMART) in larvae. Treatments were acute (60min) and were administered via inhalation. @entity9348 had low @entity137 in adult flies (75% @entity9348 mortality index, MI=12.7% (females) and 2.6% (males)) and larvae (MI=14.3%, 75% @entity9348 ). Female fertility was severely affected during the first 24h (brood I, BI) after treatment, but, afterwards, control values were recovered. @entity9348 induced a 50-fold @entity101 (%) in 24h old females, and a six-fold rise in 4-5 d old BI offspring. Nondisjunction frequencies (%) in the offspring of broods II to V (24h in each case) were similar to control values. @entity9348 doses of 25% and 50% (v/v), tested in 24h old females, showed a significant dose-dependent @entity101 (%)in BI only, with control values in subsequent broods. Flies gave normal offspring when kept in regular media for 24h before mating. The eye spot test (SMART) showed a significant increase at 50% @entity9348 (p<0.05, m=2), but the response was not dose-dependent. @entity9348 failed to induce SLRL in any of the spermatogenesis stages tested. These findings suggest that the main effect of @entity9348 is to induce chromosomal malsegregation; @entity9348 must be present at the resumption of M-phase I after fertilization, to exert these effects. The @entity167 does not affect DNA directly, but perturbations of the nuclear membrane may be responsible for induction of @entity29191 .

title: Genotoxic damage induced by @entity5723 in germinal and somatic cells of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase of ND']

entities_list: @entity29191 :: ('MESH:D009630', 'Disease') :: ['nondisjunction', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['Isopropanol', '2-propanol', 'isopropyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: @entity462 319 in the large subunit of @entity9238 urease was identified as an essential catalytic residue based on chemical modification studies (Todd, M.J., and Hausinger, R.P. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 24327-24331). Through site-directed mutagenesis, this @entity462 has been changed independently to @entity493 , @entity563 , @entity492 , and @entity669 . None of these mutations ( @entity54508 , @entity54509 , C319D, and @entity54510 , respectively) affected the size or level of synthesis of the urease subunits as monitored by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. The wild type enzyme and each of the mutant proteins was purified and their properties were compared. The @entity54510 protein possessed no detectable activity, while activity was reduced in @entity54508 , @entity54509 , and C319D to 48, 4.5, and 0.03% of wild type levels under normal assay conditions. All of the active mutants had a small increase in Km when compared to the wild type value. The active mutants displayed a greatly reduced sensitivity to inactivation by @entity8867 in comparison to the wild type enzyme, confirming our previous assignment of the essential @entity462 to this residue based on active site peptide mapping. In contrast to the wild type enzyme, inactivation of the mutant proteins was not affected by the presence of the competitive inhibitor @entity1391 , suggesting that the remaining slow rate of @entity8867 inactivation is due to modification away from the active site. The pH dependence of urease activity was substantially altered in the active mutants with @entity54509 and C319D showing a pH optimum near 5.2, and @entity54508 near 6.7, compared to the pH 7.75 optimum of wild type urease. These data are consistent with @entity2569 -319 facilitating catalysis at neutral and basic pH values by participating as a general acid.

title: Site-directed mutagenesis of the active site XXXX in @entity9238 urease.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine', 'Cysteine']

entities_list: @entity9238 :: ('548', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella aerogenes']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6802 ( @entity6802 ) are prevalent among @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence, severity, and symptom bother of @entity6802 in all @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) symptoms in the EPIC study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A secondary analysis of data from EPIC, a multinational population-based survey of 19,165 adults, was performed. Current International Continence Society definitions were used for individual @entity6802 and @entity2182 ; @entity2182 cases were defined as @entity1 reporting urgency. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 were asked about the presence of individual @entity6802 and associated symptom bother. @entity6802 severity was measured using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: There was substantial overlap of storage, voiding, and postmicturition symptoms among all @entity1 (n=7210) and in @entity1 with @entity2182 symptoms (n=502); @entity1 with @entity2182 symptoms were more likely to experience multiple @entity6802 subtypes. Among both populations, @entity2183 was the most commonly reported symptom, except for urgency (the hallmark symptom) among @entity1 with @entity2182 symptoms; terminal dribble and sensation of incomplete emptying were the most common voiding and postmicturition symptoms. The prevalence of all @entity6802 increased with age among the general population; only storage @entity6802 increased with age among @entity1 with @entity2182 symptoms. Number of @entity6802 and mean IPSS increased with age in both populations but were higher among @entity1 with @entity2182 symptoms at all ages; the proportion reporting moderate-severe @entity6802 was higher than the general population (30% vs 6%). The proportion of @entity1 with @entity2182 symptoms reporting symptom bother increased with urgency severity and severity and number of @entity6802 . @entity6802 severity may have been underestimated by the IPSS, which does not assess @entity322 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity6802 commonly experience coexisting storage, voiding, and postmicturition symptoms, emphasizing the need for comprehensive urologic assessments. @entity1 with @entity2182 symptoms reported more @entity6802 and greater severity than the general population. Symptom bother was related to number of @entity6802 and urgency severity.

title: Prevalence, severity, and symptom bother of lower urinary tract symptoms among @entity1 in the EPIC study: impact of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity6802 :: ('MESH:D059411', 'Disease') :: ['Lower urinary tract symptoms', 'LUTS']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) is a disorder with multiple causes. The pathogenetic mechanisms leading to marrow failure are diverse. The clinical finding, that most @entity1 respond to immunosuppressive therapy implicates an immune pathophysiology of @entity2150 . On the other hand successful and long lasting reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation implicates, that a stem cell defect is a major pathogenetic factor. We analyzed immunological and hematological parameters on 91 pediatric @entity1 with @entity2150 at time of diagnosis. We defined three distinct pathogenetic subgroups by analyzing the frequency of hematopoietic progenitors and the frequency of activated T-cells in @entity1 bone marrow: type I: decreased percentage of hematopoietic progenitors; type II: increased percentage of activated T-cells; type III: increased percentage of pluripotent progenitors. In 51% of the @entity2150 @entity1 we found a relative decreased frequency of hematopoietic progenitors and 29% of the @entity1 demonstrated an increased percentage of activated T-cells, 25% @entity1 showed an increased percentage of pluripotent hematopoietic progenitors. In order to characterize these distinct immunological subgroups, we investigated the plasma levels of @entity379 and @entity8252 as inhibitors and @entity688 as stimulator of hematopoiesis. @entity8252 plasma levels were significantly elevated in @entity2150 @entity1 when compared to controls. In contrast we could not demonstrate a difference between @entity379 or @entity688 plasma levels in @entity2150 @entity1 when compared to controls. However for @entity688 and @entity8252 we were able to define subgroups of @entity1 with highly elevated plasma levels of the cytokines. These data indicate that the immunopathogenesis of @entity2150 can be heterogeneous. This heterogeneity might reflect exposure to different exogenous agents or heterogeneity in intrinsic susceptibility. The clinical impact of our findings needs to be assessed in long-term follow up of the @entity1 .

title: Defunct hematopoietic progenitor growth and heterogeneous immunological phenotypes in acquired @entity2150 of childhood: identification of subsets with decreased hematopoietic progenitors and increased @entity8252 or XXXX production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['Acquired aplastic anemia', 'AAA']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL10']


abstract: The aim of the paper was to establish new clinical guidelines for @entity1 suffering from posttraumatic @entity1781 management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study covered a group of 100 @entity1 with unilateral posttraumatic @entity1781 . 76 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1939 and 24 with progressive weakening of visual acuity from the time of injury. 56 @entity1 received conservative treatment only, among them 48 underwent @entity134 therapy. In 23 @entity1 a decompression of the optic nerve in its canal and in 21 in the intraorbital section was performed. Improvement in vision was obtained in 44 @entity1 , 52 did not improve, and in 4 cases their vision deteriorated. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Posttraumatic @entity1781 is an indication for immediate steroid therapy. 2. Progressive @entity1018 in the optic nerve canal @entity174 is an indication for its decompression.

title: [Guidelines for the management of posttraumatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve neuropathy']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic nerve neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current techniques for @entity169 repair show similar recurrence rates. Therefore, recurrence is no longer the main issue discussed when considering improving the current standards for groin hernia repair. Post surgical @entity1118 represents a major, largely unrecognised clinical problem. Consequently, there is a need to not only decrease an extensive dissection in the inguinal canal with less manipulation of the inguinal nerves, but also to minimize the interaction between the mesh and major surrounding structures. As a result, placing the mesh in the preperitoneal space is a valuable option. OBJECTIVES: To compare elective open preperitoneal mesh techniques with Lichtenstein mesh repair in terms of @entity158 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane library 2011, Issue 4), MEDLINE (January 1966 to April 2011), EMBASE (1947 to October 2009), and ISI WEB OF KNOWLEDGE (1900 to April 2011) for randomized controlled trials. The reference list of identified trials, the World Journal of @entity547 and Abdominal Wall Surgery, and relevant book chapters were handsearched for useful trials. If we found relevant ongoing trials using national and international trials registers, we contacted the main investigators for further information. The language of the trials was not an exclusion criterion.   SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled studies comparing elective open preperitoneal mesh techniques with Lichtenstein mesh repair. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three authors independently extracted the pre-specified data and assessed the methodological quality using domain-based evaluation. Missing information was obtained by contacting the original investigators using open-ended questions. MAIN RESULTS: Three eligible trials involving 569 @entity1 were identified. Due to methodological limitations in the included studies, there was considerable variation in the results of acute (risk range 38.67% to 96.51%) and @entity1118 (risk range 7.83% to 40.47%) across the control groups. Therefore, meta-analysis was not performed but the results of the outcomes in the individual trials were compared. Two trials involving 322 @entity1 reported less @entity1118 after preperitoneal repair (relative risk (RR) 0.18, number needed to treat (NNT) 8; RR 0.51, NNT 5), whereas one trial, including 247 @entity1 , described more @entity1118 after this repair ( @entity4736 .17, NNT 77). The same trials favoured the preperitoneal technique concerning acute @entity158 (RR 0.17, NNT 3; RR 0.78, NNT 7), whereas in the third trial it was almost omnipresent and thus comparable in both intervention arms (RR 0.997, NNT 333). Early and late hernia recurrence rates were similar across the studies, whereas contrasting results were reported for other early outcomes as @entity281 and @entity1410 . No late @entity281 occurred in the included trials.   AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques are valid as they result in similar low recurrence rates. Evaluation of @entity158 results in the individual trials shows some evidence that preperitoneal repair causes less or comparable acute and @entity1118 compared to the Lichtenstein procedure. We emphasize the need for homogeneous high quality randomized trials comparing elective preperitoneal @entity169 techniques and Lichtenstein repair in terms of @entity1118 .

title: Open Preperitoneal Techniques versus Lichtenstein Repair for elective XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mesh infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['Inguinal Hernias']


abstract: Although clinical and electrophysiological evidence indicates that the amygdaloid body plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1315 , there are very few detailed data on histopathological changes in this nucleus in @entity302 @entity1 . In the present study we have examined the lateral nucleus of the amygdaloid body in 70 surgical specimens from @entity1 with @entity1315 and in 10 control specimens with respect to neuronal density and @entity5219 . The results were compared to the @entity528 in the hippocampal formation. Our goal was to examine the pathological alterations of the amygdaloid body and their correlation with other morphological changes in @entity1315 . In @entity302 @entity1 with Ammon's @entity1463 or focal lesions of the temporal lobe, the neuronal density of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus was significantly decreased as compared to normal controls (P < 0.001). Overall, the mean volumetric density in @entity302 @entity1 was reduced to 59% of that in normal individuals. There was no correlation between the neuronal density in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus and that in the different segments of the hippocampal formation or to the age at onset or the duration of @entity302 . The @entity528 of the amygdaloid nucleus correlated well with the presence of @entity5219 . Our findings demonstrate that the amygdaloid body is severely altered in most @entity1 with @entity1315 and that these changes are independent of those in the hippocampus. The presence of @entity528 and @entity5219 in the amygdaloid nucleus of @entity1 with focal lesions but no Ammon's @entity1463 is compatible with an involvement of the amygdala in secondary epileptogenesis.

title: @entity528 and XXXX of the amygdaloid nucleus in @entity1315 . A quantitative analysis of 70 surgical specimens.

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['gliosis', 'fibrillary gliosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['horn sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity5219 :: (MESH:D005911,Disease) :: ['gliosis']


abstract: The ubiquitous @entity671 (InsP(3)) receptor ( @entity15304 ) @entity141 release channel plays a central role in the generation and modulation of intracellular @entity141 signals, and is intricately regulated by multiple mechanisms including cytoplasmic ligand (InsP(3), free @entity141 , free @entity855 (4-)) binding, posttranslational modifications, and interactions with cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins. However, regulation of @entity15304 channel activity by free @entity141 in the ER lumen ([ @entity141 ](ER)) remains poorly understood because of limitations of @entity141 flux measurements and imaging techniques. Here, we used nuclear patch-clamp experiments in excised luminal-side-out configuration with perfusion solution exchange to study the effects of [ @entity141 ](ER) on homotetrameric @entity35 type 3 @entity15304 channel activity. In optimal [ @entity141 ](i) and subsaturating [InsP(3)], jumps of [ @entity141 ](ER) from 70 nM to 300   M reduced channel activity significantly. This inhibition was abrogated by saturating InsP(3) but restored when [ @entity141 ](ER) was raised to 1.1 mM. In suboptimal [ @entity141 ](i), jumps of [ @entity141 ](ER) (70 nM to 300   M) enhanced channel activity. Thus, [ @entity141 ](ER) effects on channel activity exhibited a biphasic dependence on [ @entity141 ](i). In addition, the effect of high [ @entity141 ](ER) was attenuated when a voltage was applied to oppose @entity141 flux through the channel. These observations can be accounted for by @entity141 flux driven through the open @entity15304 channel by [ @entity141 ](ER), raising local [ @entity141 ](i) around the channel to regulate its activity through its cytoplasmic regulatory @entity141 -binding sites. Importantly, [ @entity141 ](ER) regulation of @entity15304 channel activity depended on cytoplasmic @entity141 -buffering conditions: it was more pronounced when [ @entity141 ](i) was weakly buffered but completely abolished in strong @entity141 -buffering conditions. With strong cytoplasmic buffering and @entity141 flux sufficiently reduced by applied voltage, both activation and inhibition of @entity15304 channel gating by physiological levels of [ @entity141 ](ER) were completely abolished. Collectively, these results rule out @entity141 regulation of channel activity by direct binding to the luminal aspect of the channel.

title: Permeant calcium ion feed-through regulation of single XXXX receptor channel gating.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

answer: @entity671 :: (MESH:D015544,Chemical) :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The main aim was to detect known relationships between lung and @entity5 and various occupational exposures (using job titles as proxies) using a case-control design. The suitability of this system for routine surveillance could then be assessed. DESIGN: A case-control study was carried out in 1989. SETTING: Hospitals in eight European Community countries. SUBJECTS: @entity1 aged 25 to 75 years with incident and prevalent @entity2 (190 cases), haematopoietic system (210 cases), or gastrointestinal tract (245 controls) were studied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The crude estimate of the overall odds ratio exposure (OR) for relevant occupational exposure of @entity2 relative to @entity1820 was 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82, 1.77). In a logistic regression analysis adjusting for country, age at diagnosis, smoking, and @entity167 consumption, the overall OR was not greatly changed. A significant interaction of occupational exposure and age at diagnosis showed that @entity2 @entity1 diagnosed at a younger age had a higher OR than @entity1 diagnosed at an older age. Thus, the overall, insignificant result may have been due to a low reliability of occupational history in older age or to a selective mechanism related to age. The overall OR for occupational exposure of @entity5 of the blood relative to @entity1820 was 0.88 (95% CI 0.60, 1.31). The logistic regression analysis did not alter these results. CONCLUSION: A surveillance based on a case-control design using job titles would not be sensitive enough to detect possible occupational risks.

title: Case-control studies in XXXX @entity1 as a surveillance system of occupational exposure in the European Community. European Community Working Party.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['blood cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'cancer of the lung']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The validity of clinical and histologic criteria in identifying @entity6349 is controversial. Recognition of the @entity6349 as a distinct clinicopathologic entity requires demonstration of significant agreement between clinical atypia and @entity15803 . OBJECTIVE: We attempted to determine the correlation between clinical atypia and @entity15803 in acquired @entity8205 and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of clinical criteria for @entity6349 when compared with histopathologic features. METHODS: A total of 940 acquired @entity8205 3 mm in diameter or larger were selected by initially choosing clinically unequivocal @entity6349 and then, from these, histologically unequivocal @entity75 . The level of concordance between clinical atypia and @entity15803 was estimated by kappa statistics. RESULTS: Nevi were classified as clinically @entity6349 (n = 499) or nondysplastic (n = 441). On the basis of histologic features, 739 were classified as @entity6349 and 201 as nondysplastic. Agreement between clinical atypia and @entity15803 was found in 432 nevi, that is, a sensitivity of 58.4% (3-5 mm = 27.2%, >5 mm = 69.8%). Agreement between clinical and histologic criteria on the absence of @entity1141 was found in 134 nevi, a specificity of 66.6% (3-5 mm = 92.4%, >5 mm = 47.9%). The kappa value was 0.17 (3-5 mm = 0.14, >5 mm = 0.10). CONCLUSION: The limited sensitivity and specificity together with the negligible kappa value indicate a poor agreement between clinical and histologic diagnoses of @entity6349 . The @entity6349 cannot be considered a distinct clinicopathologic entity because @entity15803 is found in a range of nevi that may or may not show clinical atypia.

title: Correlation between clinical atypia and @entity15803 in acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic and nondysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['histologic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic and nondysplastic nevi', 'dysplastic nevi', 'dysplastic nevus', 'dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8205 :: (MESH:D009508,Disease) :: ['melanocytic nevi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nutritional status and daily physical activity (PA) may be an excellent tool for the maintenance of bone health in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between nutritional status, daily physical activity and bone turnover in @entity1577 @entity1 . METHOD: A cross-sectional study of adolescent and adult @entity1 diagnosed with clinically stable @entity1577 was conducted. Total body, femoral neck, and lumbar spine @entity79 ( @entity79 ) were determined by dual energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry and bone metabolism markers ALP, P1NP, PICP, and   -CrossLaps. PA monitoring was assessed for 5 consecutive days using a portable device. Exercise capacity was also determined. Serum @entity14257 and @entity2067 were also determined in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 (median age: 24.4 years; range: 16-46) were included. BMI had positive correlation with all @entity79 parameters, with Spearman's coefficients ranging from 0.31 to 0.47. Total hip @entity79 and femoral neck @entity79 had positive correlation with the daily time spent on moderate PA (>4.8 metabolic equivalent-minutes/day; r=0.74, p<0.001 and r=0.72 p<0.001 respectively), daily time spent on vigorous PA (>7.2 metabolic equivalent-minutes/day; r=0.45 p<0.001), body mass index (r=0.44, p=0.001), and muscle mass in limbs (r=0.41, p=0.004). Levels of @entity1473 -terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen were positively associated with the daily time spent on moderate (r=0.33 p=0.023) and vigorous PA (r=0.53, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BMI and the daily time spent on moderate PA were found to be correlated with femoral neck @entity79 in @entity1577 @entity1 . The association between daily PA and biochemical markers of bone formation suggests that the level of daily PA may be linked to bone health in this @entity1 group. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

title: The role of daily physical activity and nutritional status on bone turnover in XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: AIM: Observational studies have highlighted the association between diet and the risk of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) recurrence. We aimed to identify the dietary patterns of @entity14 @entity1 in our region, the level of dietary advice currently received and its impact on behaviour. METHODS: A survey was taken of an opportunistic sample of @entity14 @entity1 at Dunedin and Invercargill Hospitals, New Zealand. Dietary patterns were classified according to previously utilised criteria and the level of information they had received was established. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 were recruited. No @entity1 reported receiving dietary information from their doctor or nurse. Sixty-one percent of @entity1 felt they received too little information. @entity28 @entity1 were less likely to consider that diet was important in @entity5 recurrence, but were more likely to be interested in receiving dietary information than normal weight individuals. Ninety-eight percent wanted additional dietary information and 75% would consider changing their diet in response to such information. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14 survivors reported they were prepared to change their diet following diagnosis and treatment, however they report receiving insufficient information to meet their needs. An opportunity for dietary intervention that may improve @entity1 outcome is presently being missed. As a result of this study a comprehensive information package tailored to @entity14 survivors has been developed.

title: Dietary information for XXXX survivors: an unmet need.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: An open multicenter study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity7576 in @entity1 with @entity293 or @entity2954 . 1) @entity7576 (750-2250 mg/day) was administered for 3 d to 196 @entity1 with acute uncomplicated @entity2335 . The most common dosage regimen was 375 mg three times daily. The results of treatment based on the combination of changes in symptoms, @entity4658 and @entity793 were excellent in 66.8%, moderate in 30.6% and poor in 2.6% of cases. Of 203 strains isolated before treatment, 185 (91.1%) were eradicated. The eradication rate for @entity526 , the most common pathogen (167 strains), was 92.2%. 2) In total, 368 @entity1 with complicated @entity293 were treated with 750-2250 mg/d of @entity7576 for 5 d. The most common dosage regimens were 375 mg three times daily and 750 mg twice daily. The clinical results based on the combination of changes in @entity4658 and @entity793 were excellent in 30.4%, moderate in 35.6% and poor in 34.0% of cases. Of 470 strains isolated before treatment, 352 (74.9%) were eradicated. The eradication rate achieved with high beta-lactamase-producing organisms (64.1%) was not significantly different from that achieved with low or non-producers (75.6%). 3) @entity7576 (750-3000 mg/d) was administered to 367 male @entity1 with @entity2954 for 3 to 7 d. The eradication rate ranged from 92.3% with 750 mg/d to 100% with greater than or equal to 1500 mg/d. The effect of dose was particularly evident with the 27 strains of gonococci that had penicillinase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity7576 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal urethritis']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity7576 :: ('MESH:C035444', 'Chemical') :: ['sultamicillin', 'Sultamicillin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be used to predict axillary lymph node status in @entity1 with @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with primary @entity0 underwent dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging of the breast Region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was performed on parametric images obtained with kinetic modeling of the data. Large and automated ROIs were selected. Typical enhancement ratios that represented the relative increase in mean pixel signal intensity were calculated for each ROI. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was applied to identify prognostic factors of axillary node status. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed and a Brier score and calibration curve were calculated to assess the diagnostic efficacy and predictive capability of the logistic regression model. RESULTS: The maximum enhancement ratio of the automated ROI was found to be the strongest predictor of node status (P < .001). @entity1 age (P = .007) and ROI size (P = .045) were also significant predictor variables. The model showed good accuracy (area beneath the fitted binormal receiver operating characteristic curve [Az] = 0.90; Brier score, 0.133). In 12 (24%) of the @entity1 , a less than 5% or greater than 95% probability of positive-node status was correctly identified. CONCLUSION: The suggested predictive model may decrease the need for surgical staging of the axilla in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Prediction of axillary lymph node status in XXXX with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive breast cancer']


abstract: Although a standardized and uniformly accepted @entity5 staging system is an essential and fundamental requirement to enable meaningful comparisons across @entity1 populations, the sometimes capricious biologic behavior of @entity320 makes developing such a staging system particularly difficult. Since the earliest well-documented attempts at classifying @entity1 with @entity320 were described more than 50 years ago, the identification of increasingly powerful prognostic factors has led to sequential modifications of the @entity320 system. The current AJCC staging system is based on relatively well-established prognostic factors; however, several recent reports have identified additional prognostic factors not included in the current system, and other studies support the re-evaluation of some of the currently employed staging criteria. Some of the more controversial areas include the relevance of level of invasion versus @entity5 thickness, optimal cutoffs for @entity5 thickness, importance of ulceration, the grouping of satellites with in-transit @entity3 , the inclusion of microsatellites and local recurrences as a separate staging criterion, the replacement of size of nodal mass with number of positive nodes, the importance of nodal @entity3 in more than one nodal basin, and the prognostic significance of distant @entity3 . Therefore, future modifications of the staging system are anticipated to better incorporate these observations. Stage-specific staging recommendations for the @entity1 with @entity320 provide the clinician with a framework to most efficiently assess extent of disease in an era of cost-conscious clinical practice. In the asymptomatic @entity1 with primary @entity320 (stage I or II), we recommend a chest roentgenogram and evaluation of alkaline phosphatase and LDH levels; extensive radiologic evaluations are not indicated, because the rate of detection in this population is extremely low. Additional staging information should also be obtained by the technique of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy. For @entity1 with @entity66 (stage III, satellites, and local recurrence), a selective approach to imaging studies is warranted. For this @entity1 population, we recommend complete blood count, liver function tests including alkaline phosphatase and LDH, a chest roentgenogram, and a CT scan of the abdomen. Although the yield of these tests, particularly CT of the abdomen, in detecting distant @entity3 in asymptomatic @entity1 is low, they may identify @entity854 and provide an important baseline for future studies in this high-risk population. For @entity1 with disease below the waist or in the head and neck region, we recommend CT of the pelvis and CT of the neck, respectively. Additional studies should be done only if clinically indicated. Finally, @entity1 with known @entity262 (stage IV) should be more comprehensively evaluated, because the likelihood of detecting asymptomatic @entity3 is higher. Accordingly, in addition to the work-up outlined previously for stage III @entity1 , we also perform a CT scan of the chest and MR imaging of the brain; other studies (e.g., bone scan, gastrointestinal series) are performed on the basis of symptoms.

title: Classification and staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local-regional disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['false-positive abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma staging']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Caseinomacropeptide ( @entity13628 )is a 64 @entity1522 peptide which is the first product released after kappa-casein hydrolysis. The present work investigates the kinetics delivery of @entity13628 in @entity1 jejunal lumen during the digestion of intrinsically [15N]-labelled casein, whey protein, yoghurt and @entity3587 flour meal. Effluents were collected through a nasointestinal tube and analysed for the enrichment in [15N] to evaluate the dietary @entity1568 fraction. Detection and quantification of @entity13628 was performed by an inhibition Elisa procedure. No trace of @entity13628 was detected in the ileum of volunteers after the ingestion of the casein meal. The results showed that @entity13628 appears in the jejunal effluents within the first 20 min after meal ingestion at a level varying from meal to meal. During digestion of whey protein, @entity13628 appeared rapidly as a single peak and in high amounts, whereas it is discharged slowly in moderate proportions with the casein meal. These results demonstrate that @entity13628 is emptied from the stomach in significant amounts during milk products digestion and support the hypothesis that food-born peptides could exert a physiological function. Moreover, in the present study a relation could be assumed between the amount of @entity13628 in the meal and the stimulation of luminal endogenous @entity1568 secretion. However, the specific physiological activity of @entity13628 in @entity1 , particularly on the digestion process, requires further studies.

title: Intraluminal immunoreactive caseinomacropeptide after milk protein ingestion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2806 has been shown to induce activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly @entity1495 , which is associated with @entity73 , resulting in blood-brain barrier breakdown, @entity548 and @entity179 . We previously reported that the thiirane inhibitor @entity22024 , which is selective for gelatinases ( @entity5379 ), could antagonize neuronal apoptosis after transient focal @entity2806 . RESULTS: Here, we used a fibrin-rich clot to occlude the @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and assessed the effects of @entity22024 on the neurovasculature. Results show that @entity4934 and @entity1188 volumes induced by @entity63 are comparable to those induced by the filament-occluded transient @entity2500 model. Confocal microscopy indicated embolus-blocked brain microvasculature and neuronal cell death. Post-ischemic @entity22024 treatment attenuated @entity1188 , ameliorated neurobehavioral outcomes, and antagonized the increases in levels of proform and activated @entity1495 . @entity63 caused degradation of the neurovascular matrix component laminin and tight-junction protein ZO-1, contraction of pericytes, and loss of lectin-positive brain microvessels. Despite the presence of the embolus, @entity22024 mitigated these outcomes and reduced @entity548 volumes. Interestingly, @entity22024 treatment for seven days protected against neuronal laminin degradation and protected neurons from ischemic cell death. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate considerable promise for the @entity55344 class of selective gelatinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents in @entity64 therapy.

title: Inhibition of XXXX by a selective gelatinase inhibitor protects neurovasculature from embolic focal @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'Cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery', 'MCA']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the neurovasculature']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Embolic ischemia', 'embolic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct volume', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['MMP-9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the prevalence, determinants, and prognosis value of right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF) @entity339 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred eight @entity1 (62  12 years, 138 males) with @entity339 referred to surgery underwent an echocardiography and biventricular radionuclide angiography with regional function assessment. Mean RV EF was 40.4  10.2%, ranging from 10% to 65%. RV EF was severely impaired ( <=35%) in 63 @entity1 (30%), and @entity73 (left ventricular EF<60% and RV EF <=35%) was found in 34 @entity1 (16%). Pathophysiologic correlates of RV EF were left ventricular septal function (b=0.42, P<0.0001), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter index (b=-0.22, P=0.002), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (b=-0.14, P=0.047). Mitral effective regurgitant orifice size (n=84) influenced RV EF (b=-0.28, P=0.012). In 68 @entity1 examined after surgery, RV EF increased strongly (27.5  4.3-37.9  7.3, P<0.0001) in @entity1 with @entity308 RV EF, whereas it did not change in others (P=0.91). RV EF  <=35% impaired 10-year cardiovascular survival (71.6  8.4% versus 89.8  3.7%, P=0.037). @entity73 dramatically reduced 10-year cardiovascular survival (51.9  15.3% versus 90.3  3.2%, P<0.0001; hazard ratio, 5.2; P<0.0001) even after adjustment for known predictors (hazard ratio, 4.6; P=0.004). @entity73 reduced also 10-year overall survival (34.8  13.0% versus 72.6  4.5%, P=0.003; hazard ratio, 2.5; P=0.005) even after adjustment for known predictors (P=0.048). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with organic @entity339 referred to surgery, RV function impairment is frequent (30%) and depends weakly on pulmonary artery systolic pressure but mainly on left ventricular remodeling and septal function. RV function is a predictor of postoperative cardiovascular survival, whereas @entity73 is a powerful predictor of both cardiovascular and overall survival.

title: Right ventricular systolic function in organic @entity339 : impact of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular impairment', 'Biventricular impairment']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in organic mitral regurgitation', 'chronic organic mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['biventricular impairment']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the authors' experience in treatment of @entity397 complicating percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of hemodialysis access with implantation of a Wallstent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1, 1990, and October 1, 1995, the authors performed 2,414 PTAs of angioaccesses. A severe @entity397 occurred in 40 (1.7%) of these procedures and was treated by means of stent placement. Wallstents were implanted in 37 of these @entity397 . The angioaccesses comprised 22 grafts and 15 @entity292 . The indications for stent placement were four isolated @entity2849 and 33 cases of @entity548 : 15 major leaks, five moderate leaks that persisted despite prolonged inflation at low pressure, seven leaks associated with greater than 50% residual stenosis, four leaks associated with @entity2849 , and two leaks associated with both greater than 50% residual stenosis and @entity2849 . Seventeen @entity397 were located on a vein, 19 on the venous anastomosis of a graft, and one on a graft itself. RESULTS: Stent placement stopped the @entity548 immediately in 28 cases and after prolonged inflation within the stent in four cases. @entity548 required implantation of a covered Cragg stent within the Wallstent in one case. A @entity2849 was still visible at the end of the intervention in 11 cases. Two complications occurred; one @entity1410 was drained surgically and one access occluded on day 2. Follow-up angiography showed a small @entity2849 in only one @entity1 with @entity73 . The primary and secondary patency of the angioaccesses were 48% and 86% at 1 year, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity737 is very effective for both immediate and long-term treatment of @entity397 of angioaccess during PTA.

title: Treatment of hemodialysis access @entity397 during PTA with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'Residual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired platelet function']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['Wallstent implantation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['Wallstent implantation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of @entity221 in a population of acute neurosurgical @entity1 ; to assess the relation between brain temperature ( @entity5835 ) and core temperature (Tc); to investigate the effect of changes in brain temperature on @entity428 ( @entity428 ). METHODS: The study involved 20 @entity1 (10 severe @entity542 , eight @entity510 , two @entity5 ) with median Glasgow coma score (GCS) 6. @entity428 and @entity5835 were monitored by an intraventricular catheter coupled with a thermistor. Internal Tc was measured in the pulmonary artery by a Swan-Ganz catheter. RESULTS: Mean @entity5835 was 38.4 (SD 0.8) and mean Tc 38.1 (SD 0.8) degrees C; 73% of @entity5835 and 57.5% of Tc measurements were > or =38 degrees C. The mean difference between @entity5835 and Tc was 0.3 (SD 0.3) degrees C (range -0.7 to 2.3 degrees C) (p=0. 0001). Only in 12% of @entity1 was Tc higher than @entity5835 . The main reason for the differences between @entity5835 and Tc was body core temperature: the difference between @entity5835 and Tc increased significantly with body core temperature and fell significantly when this was lowered. The mean gradient between @entity5835 and Tc was 0.16 (SD 0.31) degrees C before febrile episodes ( @entity5835 being higher than Tc), and 0.41 (SD 0.38) degrees C at the febrile peak (p<0.05). When changes in temperature were considered, @entity5835 had a profound influence on @entity428 . Increases in @entity5835 were associated with a significant rise in @entity428 , from 14.9 (SD 7.9) to 22 (SD 10.4) mm Hg (p<0.05). As the fever ebbed there was a significant decrease in @entity428 , from 17.5 (SD 8.62) to 16 (SD 7.76) mm Hg (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Fever is extremely frequent during acute @entity75 and @entity5835 is significantly higher than Tc. Moreover, Tc may underestimate @entity5835 during the phases when temperature has the most impact on the intracranial system because of the close association between increases in @entity5835 and @entity428 .

title: Brain temperature, body core temperature, and XXXX in acute @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['intracranial pressure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radical cystectomy is an intervention with an important morbidity. Urinary diversion is a possible cause of @entity209 complications like hyperammonaemic @entity75 . CASE REPORT: We present the case of a @entity1 treated with a radical cystectomy and modified ureterosigmoidostomy after diagnosis of @entity150 . After surgery the @entity1 presented in 4 ocasions recurrent episodic confusion. Laboratory and image tests were normal. Levels of seric @entity3104 was increased. After supportive treatment and hemodyalisis symptoms disappeared. Later @entity1 was reoperated and a reconstruction to ileal conduit was made. DISCUSSION: Continent urinary diversions are advised due to important negative impact on quality of life produced by ileal conduit. However these diversions have several complications, like @entity75 secondary to non-hepatic hyperammonaemia. Increased absortion of @entity3104 by intestinal tissue of the new-ladder induces @entity75 . Early diagnosis of this complication is essencial in order to administer an effective treatment.

title: [Hyperammonaemic XXXX , possible complication after urinary diversion in radical cystectomy. Review of the literature with regard to a clinical case].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: Limiting testicular biopsy for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to those with a high chance of having testicular @entity12179 has not been possible because of the poor predictive value of current clinical and laboratory methods. In order to predict testicular pathology and sperm extraction, we characterised the semen of 28 @entity1 with @entity3893 due to @entity177 in terms of the presence of spermatids using an immunological method. The results were compared with the assessment of testicular biopsies by histology and the extraction of @entity12179 into culture medium. Washed cellular elements in the ejaculate were smeared on microscope slides and fixed in 100% @entity1042 , before incubation with acrosome-specific monoclonal antibody (18.6), @entity2822 -labelled anti-mouse goat IgG, and examination by epifluorescent microscopy. Semen from @entity1 with @entity6660 and obstructive @entity3893 served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Twelve @entity1 who had positive immunofluorescence (one or more spermatids present) had @entity12179 retrieved from their testes (five hypospermatogenesis, seven focal spermatogenesis), and 16 @entity1 with negative immunofluorescence (spermatids absent) had apparent @entity3453 (12) or maturation arrest histological pattern (four). However, four @entity1 with apparent @entity3453 had testicular @entity12179 present after extraction from the biopsy. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone concentration and testicular volume did not predict retrieval of seminal spermatids or testicular @entity12179 . We conclude that the immunofluorescent localization of one or more spermatids in the ejaculate can be used to predict the likelihood of obtaining testicular @entity12179 for ICSI. However, in some @entity1 with @entity3453 , @entity12179 could still be recovered in the absence of apparent seminal spermatids.

title: Correlation of testicular pathology and sperm extraction in azoospermic XXXX with ejaculated spermatids detected by immunofluorescent localization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3453 :: ('MESH:D054331', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli cell-only syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal failure']

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['spermatozoa']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The perinatal period is important for establishing the mother-to- @entity1 bond. Especially, @entity146 during this period, such as @entity308 , significantly affect mother-to- @entity1 attachment. Recently, the concept of "Bonding Disorder" has been proposed to identify @entity132 between mothers and @entity1 . Here, we report a case of @entity74 effectively treated by Naikan therapy. The @entity1 was a 28-year-old female. She suffered from @entity308 and @entity148 one week after giving birth, and then began to have negative feelings foward her @entity1 . First, she felt a lack of attachment, claiming for example, "I cannot feel my @entity1 is cute." Her negative feelings developed in to strong refusal, which made her say, "I want to give my @entity1 up for adoption." After admittance to our hospital, her @entity308 symptoms improved by adequate treatment with anti-depressants, but her @entity132 continued. Because of her character and inflexible @entity1 care, she tended to suffer from a mental conflict. She underwent treatment with intensive Naikan therapy and her attachment to her @entity1 improved. Mother-to- @entity1 attachment is thought to be influenced by how the mother was brought up. Naikan therapy reflects the relationships with his/her relatives from childhood up to the present, providing an important element concerning attachment formation. Through Naikan therapy, mothers may recall that they themselves have received love from their parents, which strengthens the feeling of basic trust. Consequently, they are encouraged to love their @entity1 . Therefore, Nikan therapy is suggested to be one of the effective therapies to treat @entity132 between mothers and @entity1 .

title: [Case of XXXX effectively treated by Naikan therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['attachment disturbances']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['bonding disorder']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['bonding disorder']