abstract: @entity66 is defined as excessive production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in the presence of diminished antioxidant substances. It has been shown that oxidative stress has an adverse effect on @entity413 metabolism. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has also been attributed to oxidative stress. The body's defence against oxidative stress is accomplished by interconnecting systems of antioxidant micronutrients ( @entity2221 and minerals) and enzymes. While the @entity2221 act as donors and acceptors of ROS, minerals regulate activity of the enzymes. This review article is focused on the preventive and therapeutic roles of these antioxidant micronutrients in @entity6 . Although there is scarcity of data from controlled studies, anecdotal reports indicate that the use of certain antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements may be beneficial as an adjunct therapy in the management of @entity6 and its complications. In particular, it has been reported that high doses of single micronutrient antioxidant supplements, such as @entity270 , may be beneficial to @entity1 suffering from this disease. However, micronutrient antioxidants interact with each other in a biochemical chain of defence against free radicals, and the use of high doses of a single antioxidant poses potential risks because it could perturb the antioxidant-prooxidant balance. It has, therefore, been recommended that high doses of micronutrient antioxidant @entity2221 should be administered in combination rather than as single supplements. There are a growing number of preparations containing mixtures of antioxidant @entity2221 and/or trace elements. A particularly impressive supplement is a new formula called Akesis, which is a mixture of antioxidant @entity2221 and antidiabetic trace elements, adequately balanced with other @entity2221 and minerals that enhance metabolic processes.

title: @entity66 , micronutrients, XXXX and its complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Development of the disabling chronic complications of diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The detection of asymptomatic embolization with the use of Doppler ultrasound has a number of potential applications in @entity1 with @entity64 . It may provide information on the @entity64 pathogenesis in individual cases, identify @entity1 with continued embolization, and allow localization of the active embolic source. METHODS: We recruited 119 @entity1 with acute anterior circulation @entity1188 within 72 hours of @entity64 onset. Transcranial Doppler recordings were possible in 100 (84.0%). Bilateral 1-hour middle cerebral artery (MCA) recordings were made and saved on digital audiotape for blinded offline analysis. When embolic signals were detected during screening of the first recording, simultaneous recording was performed from the ipsilateral MCA and common carotid artery for an additional 30 minutes. In all @entity1 with embolic signals at screening and in matched negative controls, recordings were repeated on days 4, 7, and 14. RESULTS: Embolic signals were detected in the symptomatic MCA in 16 @entity1 (16%). They were more common in @entity1 with @entity543 (P<0.0001), occurring in 50% of this group. They were rare in @entity1 with @entity64 (4.5%) and were not detected in @entity1 with @entity64 . In the 16 @entity1 with embolic signals, the proportion with embolic signals fell over time (P=0. 0025), but they were still present in a third at 2 weeks. In 10 @entity1 , localization of the embolic source was possible by simultaneous recording from the MCA and the ipsilateral common carotid artery. CONCLUSIONS: Continued asymptomatic embolization is common after @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity2998 and is still present in a significant proportion at 2 weeks. The technique may identify @entity1 at risk of further @entity64 for more aggressive antiplatelet therapy; this needs to be tested in large prospective studies. The technique may also allow localization of the active embolic source.

title: Clinical application of asymptomatic embolic signal detection in XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: @entity19865 ( @entity19865 ) is a form of @entity39 . The disease is a usually benign, self limited cause of lymph node enlargement affecting predominantly young @entity1 . Several other clinical manifestations have been described, though the only consistent findings are a macular eruption and a fever. Occasionally, the disease has presented as a fever of unknown origin. Lymph node specimens show areas of @entity39 without neutrophilic infiltration. Lymphocyte mediated apoptotic mechanisms are responsible for the @entity39 observed. Clinically, it should be differentiated from many different conditions, including infections such as @entity11102 and @entity66 like @entity4932 and @entity1252 . Pathologically, it should be differentiated from @entity706 . @entity19865 is widely known in the Far East, but very rare in Latin America. As a matter of fact, we have only detected four reported cases from Argentina, Brazil and Chile. We here describe two additional cases from Argentina. Both occurred in young @entity1 . One had a mediastinal compromise and a recurrent course, only observed in 4% of cases. The second one had a classical cervical presentation. The diagnosis in both was made by lymph node biopsy, although, in areas of great prevalence, an aspiration may be sufficient to establish the disease. We anticipate that the real prevalence of this unusual disease is highly underrepresented.

title: [Kikuchi-Fujimoto XXXX . Report of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatological diseases']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotizing lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ["Still's disease"]

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['cat scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity19865 :: ('MESH:D020042', 'Disease') :: ['KFD', 'Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotizing lymphadenitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is established that 70 % of morbidity and 75 % of mortality in the surgical accident and emergency (A and E) are due to @entity130 . However, non- @entity130 @entity204 still are an important entity requiring a specific study to highlight their pattern, and institute improvement strategies to lower death rates. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective analysis among non- @entity130 surgical @entity204 that occurred in the A and E Department of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, over 24 months was done. Data collected included age, sex, interval between onset of illness and presentation, clinical features, occurrence of prior hospital visit, investigations done, cadre of surgeons that reviewed the @entity1 and the interventions done as part of treatment before death. RESULTS: 4164 @entity1 visited the A and E, 2916 (70%) were @entity130 , 1251 (30%) were non- @entity130 conditions. There were 171 @entity204 , 129 (75.4%) were @entity130 @entity204 while 42 (24.6%) were non- @entity130 @entity204 . Thirty (71.4%) of the 42 had complete information for analysis. Age range was 2-95 years (mean 42.7 +/- 21.8 years) comprising 18 males and 12 females. @entity1 with generalized @entity298 were in the majority 8 (26.7 %) comprising typhoid perforation 4, @entity397 and perforated peptic ulcer 2. Terminal @entity5 followed closely with 6 @entity204 (20.0%), 3 from urological causes (2 prostatic and 1 @entity150 ), @entity360 3 (10%), intestinal obstruction 1 (3.3 %) and others. Nineteen @entity1 (63.3%) had visited a previous hospital where they had spent <48 hrs (4 @entity1 ), 48hrs -1 week (4 @entity1 ) and >1 week (2 @entity1 ), undocumented (9 @entity1 ). Less than 40% of the @entity1 were able to do the requested investigations (electrolytes, X-rays and ultrasound) or got the desired interventions (blood and antibiotics) CONCLUSION: Non- @entity130 @entity204 account for a quarter of the @entity204 in the A and E, generalised @entity298 and advanced @entity5 were the main conditions responsible and characterized by late presentation, having spent a considerable time in a previous private hospitals.

title: Epidemiology of non- XXXX surgical @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured appendix 2']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Cooley s @entity417 or b-thalassaemia or mediterranean @entity417 is a @entity1503 characterised by @entity600 of the skull and long bones, which confers a typical appearance on the @entity1 . The complete development of @entity2122 can be prevented by an intensive blood transfusion programme or by bone-marrow-transplantation. At the present time these therapeutic strategies would be able to help these @entity1 grow and develop, live a prolonged life and avoid bad surgical RESULTS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of orthodontic and maxillofacial surgical corrective treatment associated with an appropriate transfusion therapy in a b-thalassemic @entity1 . The @entity1 enrolled in the study was affected by major b- @entity2395 and diagnosis was performed as an @entity1 . She was referred to our centre at puberty for dento-maxillofacial disorders. Clinical, haematological and radiographic evaluation permitted a complete diagnosis. She received a combined haematological, orthodontic and maxillofacial surgical treatment. Controls for evaluating the statement of results obtained were performed at different times after the end of the therapy and have shown that the therapeutic objectives had been achieved and maintained. At the present time, complete diagnostic and therapeutic haematological strategies cannot be carried out on a large scale, especially in countries where health resources are limited. This objective reason, associated with possible low @entity1 compliance, explains why we still encounter severe @entity154 resulting from @entity1373 . Our results suggest that this @entity2652 requires surgical and orthodontic correction by consolidated surgical-orthodontic techniques performed according to the appropriate @entity417 therapy. Although this is a preliminary study, initial encouraging results show no relapse three years after the end of the therapy.

title: Associated orthodontic, surgical and hematological management of Cooley s XXXX . Report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['facial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial deformities']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial disfigurement']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['erythroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood disease']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4854 -associated microvascular disease may underlie changes in cerebral functioning and cognitive performance in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . Functional connectivity, an indicator of functional interactions and information exchange between brain regions, provides a measure of cerebral functioning. This study addresses functional connectivity and cognition in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with and without @entity989 , relative to healthy control subjects, using magnetoencephalography. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fluctuations in magnetic field at scalp for Delta, theta, lower and upper alpha, beta, and lower and upper gamma frequency bands were measured using magnetoencephalography. Synchronization likelihood, a measure of functional connectivity, was computed. Using neuropsychological tests, cognitive functioning was assessed and its associations with functional connectivity were determined. RESULTS: Compared with control subjects, type 1 @entity6 @entity1 performed poorer on general cognitive ability, information processing speed, and motor speed, irrespective of their microvascular complication status. Functional connectivity, however, was lowest for type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity989 , compared with type 1 @entity6 @entity1 without microvascular complications and control subjects, whereas type 1 @entity6 @entity1 without microvascular complications showed an increase relative to control subjects. Positive associations were found between functional connectivity and executive functioning, memory, information processing speed, motor speed, and attention. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with healthy control subjects, functional connectivity and cognition differed in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 irrespective of microvascular complication status, indicating that chronic @entity4854 , among other factors, may negatively affect brain functioning even before microvascular damage becomes manifest. The association found between synchronization likelihood and cognition suggests functional connectivity plays a significant role in cognitive functioning.

title: Functional brain connectivity and neurocognitive functioning in XXXX with long-standing type 1 diabetes with and without microvascular complications: a magnetoencephalography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The present study focuses attention upon the relationship among postmortem mRNA levels of pulmonary @entity413 transporter ( @entity1365 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) to lung weight to investigate pulmonary pathophysiology in the death process. Autopsy cases (n=173, within 48 h postmortem) of @entity1913 , including @entity542 ( @entity131 and @entity6477 ) and non- @entity542 , sharp instrument injury, mechanical @entity2063 , drowning, @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) were examined. @entity1365 and @entity7 mRNAs were quantified by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR for the upper lobes of the bilateral lungs. Combined lung weight was normalized against height for statistical analyses. @entity1365 mRNA showed a higher level for @entity1779 . @entity1365 and @entity7 mRNA levels were higher for @entity131 than for @entity6477 , which showed a significantly lower @entity7 mRNA level. Lung weight showed a larger value for saltwater drowning and @entity1779 , and was larger for @entity6477 than for @entity131 . @entity1365 mRNA level was correlated with lung weight in cases of @entity1779 and @entity131 (survival time <24 h), and @entity7 mRNA showed a similar tendency. Such findings were not detected for other groups. These findings indicate parallel increases in @entity519 -induced responses and lung weight in @entity1779 and @entity131 , suggesting different pulmonary hemodynamics with milder @entity16 compared with other groups, including @entity583 and @entity6477 . Different mechanisms might be involved in non-cardiogenic or neurogenic @entity891 and @entity4 for @entity1779 / @entity131 and @entity3439 .

title: Evaluation of pulmonary XXXX and @entity7 mRNA levels in relation to lung weight in medicolegal autopsy cases.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain contusions']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic cerebral hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction/ischemia']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural hematoma', 'acute subdural hemotoma']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1365 :: (6513,Gene) :: ['GLUT1']


abstract: The aims of this study were to define the relationship between total and unbound @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) concentrations, to compare pharmacokinetic parameters of total and unbound @entity2052 , and to determine the difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the @entity410 -controlled and -uncontrolled groups. Total and unbound steady-state serum concentration of @entity2052 were determined at trough and at 5 hours after the morning dose from 29 pediatric @entity1 with @entity302 who were receiving @entity1092 as monotherapy every 8 or 12 hours. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared by t test (alpha=0.05). A strong relationship between total and unbound concentrations was found. The equation for predicting unbound concentration from total concentration was unbound concentration=-6.01+0.18 * total concentration (r=0.78, P<0.001). A higher percentage of free fraction was found at higher concentrations. There were significant differences between total and unbound @entity2052 pharmacokinetic parameters. Both the elimination rate constant (Ke) and volume of distribution (Vd) of the unbound @entity2052 were much higher than those of the total @entity2052 ; clearance (CI) was approximately 10-fold higher. The @entity410 -uncontrolled group could eliminate @entity2052 much faster than the @entity410 -controlled group, as indicated by a much higher Ke and a much shorter t1/2 (P<0.05). Vd of the unbound @entity2052 was also much smaller in the @entity410 -uncontrolled group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between @entity410 - controlled and -uncontrolled pediatric @entity302 @entity1 . Further study with a larger sample size is strongly recommended.

title: Pharmacokinetic parameters of total and unbound XXXX and their relationships to @entity410 control in @entity302 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity555 is a new third generation topical acetylenic @entity554 . The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity555 gel (0.1%) in Indian @entity1 of @entity5477 . METHODS: The present study was a prospective, open, multicentric, phase III trial. The duration of study was 14 weeks, including a 12-week active treatment period, preceded by a 2-week washout phase. @entity1 applied 0.1% @entity555 gel as a thin film over the affected area once daily in the evening. The efficacy was evaluated by analyzing changes in the number of @entity922 and @entity1 's and physicians' global assessment. The efficacy parameters were assessed at baseline, visits 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Tolerability and safety was assessed by physical examination, laboratory parameters and evaluation of adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 126 @entity1 in 6 centers completed the study. At the end of the 8th and 12th weeks, the mean number of inflammatory lesions reduced by 70.6% and 86.1%, non-inflammatory lesions by 81.5% and 92%, and total lesion count 75.6% and 88.8% respectively from baseline. Also, 90.7% and 93.6% of total study cases showed complete to moderate clearance of @entity75 according to physicians at the end of the 8th and 12th weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the efficacy and safety of @entity555 gel (0.1%) in Indian @entity1 of @entity5477 .

title: An open study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of XXXX gel (0.1%) in @entity5477 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['acne lesions']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

entities_list: @entity555 :: ('MESH:C086827', 'Chemical') :: ['tazarotene', 'Tazarotene']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['facial acne lesions']

answer: @entity555 :: (MESH:C086827,Chemical) :: ['tazarotene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasability of transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy in @entity249 @entity1 undergoing basic @entity249 investigations, and to determine its usefulness in comparison with standard laparoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three unexplained @entity249 @entity1 were prospectively included. Selected @entity1 had no history of @entity530 or previous pelvic surgery and had normal findings on gynecological examination and vaginal sonography. The @entity1 received general anesthesia and underwent the transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy immediately prior to a standard laparoscopy by a different operator. The main outcome measures were the rate of successful access to the pouch of Douglas, the duration of the procedure, and the rate of complications. In order to compare the accuracy of the transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy to the standard laparoscopy, findings in terms of tubal pathology, @entity46 , and adhesions were analyzed. RESULTS: The successful rate of access to the pouch of Douglas was 95.7%. The rate of complications was 4.3%. The mean duration of the transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy procedure was 8 min. The concordance between transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy and laparoscopy for pelvic cavity examination was statistically significant (k=0.57, P=0.02). In 40.9% of cases, the transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy procedure has shown a normal pelvic examination confirmed by laparoscopic diagnosis. According to the findings by laparoscopy, transvaginal hydrolaparoscopic diagnosis was correlated well in 81.8% of cases. When transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy showed pathological findings, there were no normal laparoscopies. Pathological laparoscopies were found in 18.2% of the normal transvaginal hydrolaparoscopies. CONCLUSION: The transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy is a reproducible and safe method to investigate the pelvis and its structures. The diagnostic accuracy of the transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy suggests that more than 40% of standard laparoscopies for unexplained @entity249 could be avoided.

title: Does transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy render standard diagnostic laparoscopy obsolete for unexplained XXXX investigation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic disease']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA), an extracellular high molecular mass polysaccharide, is thought to be involved in the growth and progression of @entity5 . The objective of this work was to evaluate the cytosolic HA content in resectable @entity14 , its possible relationship with clinicopathological parameters of @entity5 and its prognostic significance. METHODS: Cytosolic HA levels were examined by radiometric assay in 120 @entity1 with resectable @entity14 . The mean follow-up period was 33.4 months. RESULTS: Cytosolic HA levels of @entity5 ranged widely, from 30 to 29 412 ng per mg protein. Intratumour HA levels were significantly correlated with Dukes stage (P < 0.005), and were higher in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 (mean(s.e.m.) 2695(446), 2858(293) and 5274(967) ng per mg protein for stages A, B and C respectively). In addition, @entity797 multivariate analysis demonstrated that @entity5 HA levels higher than 2000 ng per mg protein predicted shorter relapse-free survival and overall survival periods (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a wide variability in cytosolic HA levels in @entity14 , which seems to be related to the biological heterogeneity of these @entity5 . In @entity5 cytosolic HA levels were associated with an unfavourable outcome in @entity1 with resectable @entity14 . HA may provide additional information to that given by other biochemical markers currently used in @entity14 .

title: Hyaluronic acid as prognostic marker in resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'addition, high tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We investigated on the basis of 14,498 singleton births between the completed 24th and 42nd week of pregnancy, the dependence of the Apgar index after one minute and of the actual pH in the umbilical artery on two clinical variables 1. the duration of gestation and 2. the degree of @entity1592 . To determine the latter, each of the 14498 @entity1 weights was transformed arithmetically to a percentile, i.e. a figure between 0 and 100. It was shown that the duration of pregnancy has a significant effect on increasing foetal acidity, which is greater (nonlinear correlation), the more immature the baby is. The influence of @entity1592 is slight but demonstrable in mature neonates and with adequate clinical management. In premature @entity1 , especially in very small premature babies, @entity1592 becomes a major risk factor: increasing hypotrophy leads to a probably exponential rise of the acidity figures as well as to an increase in the percentage of low and very low Apgar scores. @entity1184 premature babies and @entity1184 mature neonates are also subject to an increased risk. The effects mentioned above, of clinical maturity and intrauterine nutrient and @entity26 supply on the unborn baby, result in a numerical continuity in the behaviour of the parameters: there are no abrupt alterations. This suggests, that the conventional definitions of hypotrophy or @entity1184 should be reconsidered. Furthermore, the data allow the conclusion, that @entity3465 and dysmaturity are two important variables thus suggesting an individual (i.e. non-schematic) obstetric procedure in premature deliveries.

title: [The effect of @entity1592 and gestational age on status praesens of the newborn XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: @entity13624 , mediated by unmyelinated C-nerve fibers, is part of the acute neurovascular response to injury. Laser doppler flowmetry was used to measure the flare response to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and to compare this axon reflex vasodilatation with postischemic @entity450 in the skin of the foot in @entity6 and nondiabetic subjects. Twenty-one control subjects and 57 @entity6 @entity1 (25 type I; 32 type II; 14 without complications; 14 with @entity16 and without @entity989 ; 8 with @entity989 and without @entity16 ; 21 with @entity16 and @entity989 ) were enrolled in the study. Following TENS, an increase in skin blood flow was found at the dorsum of the foot without any significant difference between the different groups. Compared to the control group, axon reflex vasodilatation was significantly reduced in the group of @entity1 with @entity3949 and in the group of @entity1 with @entity3949 and @entity989 at the pulp of the hallux (61 +/- 15 versus -6 +/- 16; versus 23 +/- 5; p < 0.05, respectively). All investigated groups exhibited a significant increase in skin blood flow after @entity432 without any significant difference between the groups. A good association was observed between postocclusive and TENS-induced @entity450 at the dorsum of the foot (r = 0.39; p = 0.0002), but only a weak association was found at the pulp of the hallux (r = 0.24; p = 0.03). TENS-induced @entity450 was associated with a diminished sweat response (p = 0.03), but not with pathological cardiovascular function tests (p = 0.07). Electrical axon reflex vasodilatation is diminished in @entity6 @entity1 suffering from peripheral autonomic @entity7183 injury, especially in skin rich in thermoregulatory blood flow. The diminished neurovascular response is independent of vascular alterations in @entity6 .

title: Comparison of the microvascular response to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and postocclusive ischemia in the XXXX foot.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['Neurogenic inflammation']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low rates of @entity1082 ) vaccination in low-income, minority adolescents may exacerbate @entity5 incidence. METHODS: Using electronic medical record data and chart abstraction, we examined correlates of HPV vaccine series initiation and completion among 7702 low-income and minority adolescents aged 11-21 receiving primary care at one of seven medical centers between @entity4456 , 2007, and June 30, 2009. Our population included 61% African Americans, 13% Caucasians, 15% Latinas, and 11% other races; 90% receive public insurance (e.g., Medicaid). We used logistic regression to estimate the associations between vaccine initiation and completion and age, race/ethnicity, number of contacts with the healthcare system, provider documentation, and clinical site of care. RESULTS: Of the 41% of adolescent @entity1 who initiated HPV vaccination, 20% completed the series. A higher proportion of @entity1 aged 11-<13 (46%) and 13-<18 (47%) initiated vaccination than those aged 18-21 (28%). In adjusted analyses, receipt of other recommended adolescent vaccines was associated with vaccine initiation, and increased contact with the medical system was associated with both initiation and completion of the series. Conversely, provider failure to document risky health behaviors predicted nonvaccination. Manual review of a subset of unvaccinated @entity1 ' charts revealed no documentation of vaccine discussions in 67% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than half of low-income and minority adolescents receiving health maintenance services initiated HPV vaccination, and only 20% completed the series. Provider failure to discuss vaccination with their @entity1 appears to be an important contributor to nonvaccination. Future research should focus on improving both initiation and completion of HPV vaccination in high-risk adolescents.

title: Correlates of XXXX vaccination rates in low-income, minority adolescents: a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['racial disparities in cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy is accepted as first-line conservative treatment of optic pathway @entity5 in @entity1 younger than 5. Limited data are available on the outcome of @entity1 with recurrence/progression after initial chemotherapy. PROCEDURE: Data on 68 @entity1 with Optic Pathway Tumors (OPT) treated with first-line Baby Brain (BBSFOP) chemotherapy at the Gustave Roussy Institute in Villejuif between 1990 and 2005 were reviewed. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 6 years, 44 (65%) @entity1 were diagnosed with one or more relapses. Most of the relapses occurred during the first 6 years of life. Overall and progression-free survival rates at 5 years after first relapse were 64% and 14%, respectively. First relapse was treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery in 28, 9, and 6 @entity1 , respectively. Best response to second-line chemotherapy was partial response in 10, stable disease in 10, and progressive disease in 8 @entity1 . @entity1 with objective radiologic response to first-line chemotherapy, had a greater chance to respond again to second-line chemotherapy (RR = 90% vs. 15%, P = 0.003). Median time to progression after first relapse was 1.7, 2.5, and 3.1 years after surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, respectively. Finally, 25 (37%) @entity1 received radiotherapy at a median age of 6.7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Second-line chemotherapy can be effective in the treatment of relapses after first-line chemotherapy and delay further the need for @entity138 , especially in @entity1 whose @entity5 initially responded to chemotherapy. Despite the desire to avoid irradiation in treatment of young @entity1 with OPT, radiotherapy was used for 37% of @entity1 , usually before the age of 10.

title: Relapses of optic pathway XXXX after first-line chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical and encephalographic (EEG) features of @entity739 ( @entity739 ) with @entity6795 ( @entity31304 ). The clinical features, EEG findings, neuroimaging studies and outcomes of various therapeutic modalities for 27 @entity1 with @entity739 and @entity31304 were reviewed. Background activities of EEG on the @entity31304 , i.e. asymmetric @entity739 , localized persistent @entity73 , asymmetric slowing and diffuse fast activities, were shown in 22, 15, 9 and 2 @entity1 , respectively. Partial @entity302 such as localized paroxysmal fast activities, spindle-shaped fast activities and subclinical @entity410 were shown in 15, 8 and 10 @entity1 , respectively, and the lateralized prominence of generalized paroxysmal fast activities and generalized sharp and wave discharges in 4 and 5 @entity1 , respectively. @entity31304 were suspected in 5 @entity1 , as revealed by EEG and/or functional neuroimagings without distinct magnetic resonance imaging lesions, and confirmed by pathologic findings. Of the 11 @entity1 treated with surgical resection, 8 became @entity410 free. EEG features can be very useful in the identification of underlying @entity6795 in @entity1 with @entity739 . However, in one @entity1 who underwent @entity302 surgery in early infancy, we observed easy @entity548 and difficult hemostasis from friable vascular and parenchymal tissues. Various EEG features can be very useful in screening underlying @entity31304 . In addition, @entity302 surgery can be an effective therapeutic modality in many @entity1 with otherwise medically intractable @entity739 with @entity31304 . However, surgical intervention in extremely young @entity1 should be performed with caution.

title: Clinical and electroencephalographic features of XXXX associated with @entity6795 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphic slowing']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of cortical development', 'cortical dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['hypsarrhythmia', 'infantile spasms', 'IS']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform discharges', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['infantile spasms']


abstract: In this work, an attempt was made to identify the reasons of impaired long-chain @entity844 utilization that was previously described in volume-overloaded @entity35 hearts. The most significant data are the following: (1) The slowing down of long-chain @entity844 oxidation in severely @entity1184 hearts cannot be related to a feedback inhibition of @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase I from an excessive stimulation of @entity413 oxidation since, because of decreased tissue levels of @entity6211 , @entity413 oxidation also declines in volume-overloaded hearts. (2) While, in control hearts, the estimated intracellular concentrations of free @entity6211 are in the range of the respective Km of mitochondrial @entity54176 , a kinetic limitation of this enzyme could occur in @entity1184 hearts due to a 40% decrease in free @entity6211 . (3) The impaired @entity2365 oxidation persists upon the isolation of the mitochondria from these hearts even in presence of saturating concentrations of @entity6211 . In contrast, the rates of the conversion of both @entity11668 and @entity13134 into @entity6625 are unchanged. (4) The kinetic analyses of @entity11668 synthase and @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase I reactions do not reveal any differences between the two mitochondrial populations studied. On the other hand, the conversion of @entity2365 into @entity13134 proves to be substrate inhibited already at physiological concentrations of exogenous @entity2365 . The data presented in this work demonstrate that, during the development of severe @entity1283 , a fragilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane may occur. The functional integrity of this membrane seems to be further deteriorated by increasing concentrations of free @entity1718 which gives rise to an impaired cooperation between @entity11668 synthase and @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase I. In intact myocardium, the utilization of the in situ generated @entity11668 can be further slowed down by decreased intracellular concentrations of free @entity6211 .

title: XXXX oxidation by the mitochondria from volume-overloaded @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine', 'carnitine']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity13134 :: ('MESH:D010172', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoylcarnitine']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity11668 :: ('MESH:D010171', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoyl-CoA']

answer: @entity2365 :: (CHEBI:7896,Chemical) :: ['Palmitate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic post-herniorrhaphy @entity158 is diverse in origin. The aim of our study was to classify post-herniorrhaphy @entity158 syndromes following elective @entity169 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 with an elective @entity169 performed between January 2000 and August 2005 received a questionnaire evaluating chronic @entity158 (visual analog scale, VAS 0-10). @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity158 complaints (VAS score >or= 3) were invited for an interview and an outpatient department physical examination. RESULTS: A total of 2,164 cases underwent an elective @entity547 repair and received the questionnaire; 1,766 individuals responded (response rate: 81.6%). Moderate to severe @entity158 was present in 211 @entity1 (11.9%). Follow-up was performed in 148 @entity1 . Three separate groups of diagnoses were identified. Group I: @entity9 (n = 72) indicating @entity16 ; group II: non- @entity9 (n = 40) due to an array of diagnoses including @entity1048 (n = 18) and recurrent @entity547 (n = 13); and group III: a tender spermatic cord and/or a tight feeling in the lower abdomen (n = 43). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1118 following elective @entity547 repair is common and diverse in etiology but may allow for a classification contributing to the development of tailored treatment regimens.

title: Classifying post-herniorrhaphy XXXX syndromes following elective @entity169 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'inguinal pain']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['periostitis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity565 is characterised by airway structural changes, including mucosal inflammatory infiltration and subepithelial collagen deposition, that may represent the morphological basis for the chronicity of the disease. The relationship between airway wall thickness and growth factors in @entity565 has not been elucidated. METHODS: Bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from 21 @entity748 @entity1 and eight healthy subjects and the basement membrane thickness was measured by light microscopy and electron microscopy. At the same time the numbers of eosinophils and fibroblasts were assessed and the expression of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), and @entity442 in the bronchial mucosa was examined by immunostaining. The relationship between the degree of thickening of the subepithelial layer and both the clinical data and pulmonary function were also investigated. RESULTS: The basement membrane of the @entity748 @entity1 was thicker than that of the healthy controls (median 8.09 versus 4.02 microns). Electron microscopic examination of the basement membrane revealed thickening of the @entity8165 ; this thickening significantly correlated with the number of fibroblasts in the submucosa in the @entity748 subjects (rs = 0.88) but not in the controls (rs = 0.70). There was a significantly higher number of eosinophils in the airways of the @entity748 subjects than in the healthy subjects (EG1 + cells: 52.0 versus 2.0/mm2, EG2 + cells: 56.0 versus 1.5/mm2). The expression of each growth factor in the bronchial mucosa was similar in @entity748 and healthy subjects ( @entity2533 : 18.0% versus 16.0%, PDGF: 37.0% versus 32.5%, @entity442 : 15.0% versus 8.0%). A weak but statistically significant correlation was found between the number of fibroblasts and the expression of @entity2533 in @entity748 subjects (rs = 0.50). There was a significant correlation between the thickness of the subepithelial layer in @entity748 subjects and the attack score (rs = 0.58) and a significant inverse correlation between the subepithelial collagen thickness in @entity748 subjects and airway @entity56 (rs = -0.65). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the thickening of the subepithelial layer in @entity565 is due to an increase in fibroblasts, and that the thickness of the subepithelial collagen appears to be linked to an increase in bronchial responsiveness and exacerbation of clinical manifestations.

title: Expression of growth factors and remodelling of the airway wall in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8165 :: ('MESH:C567547', 'Disease') :: ['subepithelial lamina reticularis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial asthma', 'bronchial asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin like growth factor (IGF) I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta 1', 'transforming growth factor beta 1']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: In evaluating outcomes in @entity454 ( @entity454 ), quality of life has become as important as morbidity and mortality. Various instruments are available to analyse @entity1 ' perceptions of the physical, psychological and social domains of health. Non-specific instruments, such as the Sickness Impact Profile, the Karnofsky Scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), have been widely used in evaluating quality of life in various @entity102 including @entity454 . The @entity8 Quality of Life (KDQOL) questionnaire and other scales have also have been developed specifically for @entity454 @entity1 . Several studies have demonstrated a significant improvement in quality of life after initiation of epoetin treatment in both dialysis @entity1 and those with early @entity177 . Quality-of-life scores show a strong positive correlation with haemoglobin concentration. Other factors associated with better quality of life are higher socio-economic level and level of education. However, older age, comorbidity, @entity6 , female sex, and unemployment have a negative influence on quality of life. In @entity1 not yet on dialysis, quality of life deteriorates as the glomerular filtration rate decreases. The later the @entity1 is referred to a nephrologist, the worse the quality of life. Recent studies show that quality of life is a prognostic factor for survival. Early and effective treatment of @entity417 in @entity454 @entity1 is essential in maintaining quality of life both before and after initiation of dialysis.

title: Quality of life benefits of early XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: Drug-induced hepatotoxicity covers the clinical and pathological expressions of almost any @entity4432 . @entity409 is due to intrinsic @entity137 of the drug ( @entity1443 ) and/or immunoallergic mechanisms ( @entity1508 ). @entity131 may be cytotoxic or cholestatic. @entity137 is characterized by @entity39 ( @entity1443 , @entity1508 ) or @entity1560 (valproate). @entity1448 can be associated with immune-mediated portal inflammation ( @entity2644 ) or solely attributed to inhibition of transport systems (cyclosporin A). Chronic drug-induced disorders include @entity3619 (methyldopa), @entity775 ( @entity17084 ), @entity7936 ( @entity2643 ), indolent @entity82 (methotrexate), chronic @entity1448 , @entity455 , and @entity99 . The clinical and morphological picture of many @entity99 is nonspecific. Diagnosis is based on thorough drug history, temporal relationship, time-course of @entity409 , and the exclusion of other causes. Treatment consists of instant withdrawal of the suspected drug and administration of @entity898 as early as possible in case of @entity1443 intoxication. @entity99 are usually reversible, but prolonged treatment leads to progression and @entity1575 .

title: [ XXXX caused by drugs].

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Acute injury']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Cytotoxic injury']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction', 'Liver damage']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic steatohepatitis-like reactions']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic diseases', 'Cholestatic injury']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced liver diseases', 'Drug-induced liver diseases', 'hepatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity17084 :: ('MESH:D013989', 'Chemical') :: ['tienilic acid']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic diseases']


abstract: 1. The isolation of @entity12680 dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.7) from a restricted facultative methylotroph to electrophoretic homogeneity is described. 2. The molecular weight and subunit molecular weights were found to be 146800 for the enzyme by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation and 70000-80000 for the two non-identical subunits by @entity214 gel electrophoresis. 3. Initial velocity studies indicate that the enzymatic reaction proceeds by a Ping-Pong mechanism. 4. Further kinetic evidence was obtained by analysis of product inhibition patterns using the alternate substrate @entity21677 and the products @entity3094 and @entity18150 as product inhibitors, for the release of @entity18150 before the addition of @entity27544 and for the existence of an enzyme-two- @entity505 unit complex as a stable form of the enzyme. 5. Some properties of the unusual prosthetic group of @entity12680 dehydrogenase and its photodegradation product are described in preliminary form.

title: XXXX dehydrogenase from a methylotrophic bacterium. I. Isolation and steady-state kinetics.

entities_list: @entity12680 :: ('MESH:C023336', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethylamine']

entities_list: @entity27544 :: ('CHEBI:8055', 'Chemical') :: ['phenazine methosulphate']

entities_list: @entity21677 :: ('MESH:C034281', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylamine']

entities_list: @entity18150 :: ('MESH:C041564', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylamine']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity12680 :: (MESH:C023336,Chemical) :: ['Trimethylamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One of the risks of therapeutic irradiation is the development of secondary @entity5 . In this paper three cases are reported of @entity5425 following breast-conserving surgery and irradiation for primary @entity0 , and the literature is reviewed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Until now, 13 other cases of @entity5426 of the breast have been reported. The mean interval between treatment of primary @entity0 and the development of @entity5426 in these 16 @entity1 is 76 months. The clinical aspect is typical with multiple bluish or purple nodules of the skin, purple discolorations, @entity1020 or areas, sometimes combined with @entity1066 , @entity4 , or a palpable mass. Mammography does not necessarily raise suspicion and the interpretation of fine-needle aspiration or biopsy may be difficult. RESULTS: In all @entity1 mastectomy was performed, Follow-up data are available for 12 cases. Two @entity1 died of extensive local recurrences and one of distant metastases. CONCLUSION: @entity5426 of the previously irradiated breast is an extremely rare @entity5 and diagnosis may be difficult. The number of @entity1 with long-term follow-up after breast-conserving therapy is growing fast. Therefore, the authors advise to pay special attention to uncommon skin changes of the treated breast, since clinical suspicion is the main clue to the diagnosis of @entity5426 . The primary therapy is (simple) mastectomy if wide @entity5 -free margins can be achieved. There is no indication for standard adjuvant chemotherapy or irradiation.

title: @entity5425 following lumpectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, and radiotherapy for primary XXXX : three case reports and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity5425 :: ('MESH:C536368', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'Angiosarcoma', 'postirradiation angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous maculas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the intra- and interrater reliability of ultrasonographic measurements of the thickness and @entity16001 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1 (20 feet), who complained of @entity158 , and 26 volunteers (52 feet) were enrolled. Two sonographers independently imaged the @entity1411 in both longitudinal and transverse planes. Volunteers were assessed twice to evaluate intrarater reliability. Quantitative evaluation of the @entity16001 was performed by measuring the mean gray level of the region of interest using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer software. RESULTS: Sonographic evaluation of the @entity121 showed high reliability. Sonographic evaluations of the presence or absence of @entity1411 showed surprisingly low agreement. The reliability of gray-scale evaluations appears to be much better than subjective judgments in the evaluation of echogenicity. Transverse scanning did not show any advantage in sonographic evaluation of the @entity1411 . CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of sonographic examination of the @entity121 is high. Mean gray-level analysis of quantitative sonography can be used for the evaluation of echogenicity, which could reduce discrepancies in the interpretation of echogenicity by different sonographers. Longitudinal instead of transverse scanning is recommended for imaging the @entity1411 .

title: Reproducibility of sonographic measurement of thickness and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16001 :: ('MESH:D058535', 'Disease') :: ['echogenicity of the plantar fascia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inferior heel pain']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fascia', 'hypoechoic change in the plantar fascia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness of the plantar fascia']

answer: @entity16001 :: (MESH:D058535,Disease) :: ['echogenicity of the plantar fascia']


abstract: Natural variation in @entity1 @entity2118 is primarily due to genetic causes rooted in recent evolutionary history. Genetic variants associated with @entity1 @entity2118 confer risk of @entity1489 and may provide useful information in forensic investigations. Almost all previous gene-mapping studies of @entity1 @entity2118 were based on categorical skin color information known to oversimplify the continuous nature of @entity1 skin coloration. We digitally quantified skin color into hue and saturation dimensions for 5,860 Dutch Europeans based on high-resolution skin photographs. We then tested an extensive list of 14,185 single @entity377 polymorphisms in 281 candidate genes potentially involved in @entity1 @entity2118 for association with quantitative skin color phenotypes. Confirmatory association was revealed for several known skin color genes including @entity24245 , @entity22025 , @entity20630 , TYR, @entity7826 , and @entity52632 . We identified two new skin color genes: genetic variants in @entity6900 were significantly associated with hue and variants in @entity41896 were significantly associated with saturation. Overall, digital quantification of @entity1 skin color allowed detecting new skin color genes. The variants identified in this study may also contribute to the risk of @entity1489 . Our findings are also important for predicting skin color in forensic investigations.

title: Comprehensive candidate gene study highlights XXXX and @entity41896 as new genes determining continuous skin color variation in Europeans.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigmentation']

answer: @entity6900 :: (7361,Gene) :: ['UGT1A']


abstract: Two @entity14 ( @entity14 ) susceptibility loci have been found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity14 in Dutch @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) @entity1 . Recently, in a combined study of Australian and Polish @entity4309 @entity1 , only @entity6756 mutation carriers were found to be at increased risk of disease. A combined analysis of the three data-sets was performed to better define this association. This cohort-study includes three sample populations combined totaling 1,352 individuals from 424 families with a molecular diagnosis of @entity4309 . Seven SNPs, from six different @entity14 susceptibility loci, were genotyped by both research groups and the data analyzed collectively. We identified associations at two of the six @entity14 susceptibility loci in @entity6756 mutation carriers from the combined @entity4309 cohort: 11q23.1 ( @entity55756 , HR = 2.68, p  <= 0.0001) increasing risk of @entity14 , and @entity55756 in a pair-wise combination with 8q23.3 ( @entity55757 ) affecting age of diagnosis of @entity14 (log-rank test; p  <= 0.0001). A significant difference in the age of diagnosis of @entity14 of 28 years was observed in individuals carrying three risk alleles compared to those with 0 risk alleles for the pair-wise SNP combination. A trend (due to significance threshold of p  <= 0.0010) was observed in @entity6756 mutation carriers towards an increased risk of @entity14 for the pair-wise combination (p = 0.002). This study confirms the role of modifier loci in @entity4309 . We consider that @entity4309 @entity1 with @entity6756 mutations would greatly benefit from additional genotyping of SNPs @entity55756 and @entity55757 for personalized risk assessment and a tailored surveillance program.

title: Combined analysis of three XXXX cohorts confirms the modifying effects of 8q23.3 and 11q23.1 in @entity6756 mutation carriers.

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of fertility-sparing treatment of early-stage @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ) in @entity1 treated at Turkish gynecologic oncology centers, and to present a review of the literature. METHODS: Thirteen healthcare centers in @entity233 were contacted to determine if they were eligible to participate in the study. Centers that were eligible and agreed to participate were sent a database form to record the demographic characteristics, clinicopathologic findings, and follow-up results for their @entity1204 @entity1 . RESULTS: Eleven Turkish healthcare centers provided data on 43 @entity1204 @entity1 . Mean duration of treatment was 5 months and mean follow-up was 49 months. In total, 35 (81.4%) @entity1 were @entity5 free following primary @entity1420 therapy. Mean time from the end of @entity1420 therapy to pregnancy was 10.6    4.3 months (range, 3-18 months). Two @entity1 had @entity5 recurrence during follow-up. The pregnancy rate among the 31 @entity1 who actively sought pregnancy was 41.9% (n=13). CONCLUSION: Conservative management of early-stage @entity1204 in @entity1 of reproductive age using oral @entity7828 was effective and did not compromise oncological outcome. Pregnancy in the study @entity1 was achieved spontaneously and artificially.

title: A Turkish Gynecologic Oncology Group study of fertility-sparing treatment for early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: The authors made an up-to-date review of the literature concerning the management of @entity244 and evaluated a young @entity1 with @entity244 who had presented with urinary and ejaculatory complaints. Physical examination and transrectal ultra-sonography showed a 7.0 cm right seminal vesicle cyst. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of @entity244 . Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia was present at the two seminal analyses. Symptomatic improvement was achieved with conservative measures. Actually, the @entity1 is still on a follow-up programme. The diagnosis is usually established at the age of increased sexual activity. @entity1 may be asymptomatic or present @entity158 , irritative urinary or ejaculatory symptoms and @entity249 . MRI has proved to be the best imaging examination. Treatment should be adapted to symptoms, surveillance being the best option in the absence of clinical manifestations. Surgical approach may be adequate when conservative measures prove ineffective. @entity244 should be suspected if a male young @entity1 presents with @entity8 and has a supraprostatic mass on digital rectal examination. The initial approach should be medical, but invasive procedures may be the only way to solve the @entity1 's complaints. Nowadays, laparoscopic and robotic techniques must replace the open surgical approach.

title: XXXX : an up-to-date review of the literature based on a clinical case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral renal agenesis and pelvic complaints']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Zinner's syndrome"]

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Zinner's syndrome']


abstract: Only in recent years have @entity3900 enzymes ( @entity7098 ) emerged as @entity5 targets. In this work, we report the first detection of elevated @entity7098 activities in plasma from @entity1 with @entity14 as compared to healthy controls. Independent sets of clinical plasma samples were obtained from two different sites. The first set was from @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ; n=38) and healthy controls (n=77). The second set was from @entity1 with lung (n=95), bladder (n=31), or @entity788 (n=38), and healthy controls (n=79). @entity7098 activities were analyzed by a validated quantitative fluorescent assay method and subtype @entity7098 activities were defined in the presence of selective inhibitors. The natural @entity7098 activity, as well as each subtype of @entity7098 activity was elevated in each @entity5 group as compared to healthy controls. @entity7098 activities were increased in late stage vs. early stage cases in @entity14 . @entity7098 activities were not influenced by sex, smoking, @entity167 consumption, or body-mass index (BMI). Samples from the two independent sites confirmed the results. Plasma @entity7098 activities had approximately 70% specificity and sensitivity to detect @entity5 . The marker and targeting values of @entity7098 activity have been suggested.

title: Elevated XXXX activities in plasma samples from multiple @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and bladder cancers', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3900 :: (151056,Gene) :: ['phospholipase A2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To convene a multidisciplinary panel of dermatologists, surgical oncologists, and medical oncologists to formally review available data on the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy procedure and high-dose adjuvant interferon alfa-2b therapy for @entity1 with @entity320 and to rate the "appropriateness," " @entity66 ," or "uncertainty" of the procedure and therapy to guide clinical decision making in practice. @entity1 : The panel comprised 13 specialists (4 dermatologists, 4 oncologists, and 5 surgeons) from geographically diverse areas who practiced in community-based settings (n = 8) and academic institutions (n = 5). @entity1 were chosen based on recommendations from the relevant specialty organizations. EVIDENCE: A formal literature review was conducted by investigators at Protocare Sciences Inc, Santa Monica, @entity2948 , on the risks and benefits of performing an SLN biopsy in @entity1 with stage I or II @entity320 and adjuvant interferon alfa-2b therapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . The MEDLINE database was searched from 1966 through July 2000, and supplemental information was obtained from various @entity5 societies and @entity5 research groups. Panel @entity1 were queried on additional sources of relevant information. Unpublished, presented data were included in abstract form on 1 recently closed clinical trial. CONSENSUS PROCESS: The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to review and rate multiple clinical scenarios for the use of SLN biopsy and interferon alfa-2b therapy. The consensus method did not force agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The panel rated 104 clinical scenarios and concluded that the SLN biopsy procedure was appropriate for primary @entity320 deeper than 1.0 mm and for @entity5 1 mm or less when histologic ulceration was present and/or classified as Clark level 4 or higher. The SLN biopsy was deemed inappropriate for nonulcerated Clark level 2 or 3 @entity320 0.75 mm or less in depth and uncertain in @entity5 0.76 to 1.0 mm deep unless they were ulcerated or Clark level 4 or higher. Interferon alfa-2b therapy was deemed appropriate for @entity1 with regional nodal and/or in-transit @entity3 and for node-negative @entity1 with primary @entity320 deeper than 4 mm. The panel considered the use of interferon alfa-2b therapy uncertain in @entity1 with @entity5 (2.01-4.0 mm in depth) and inappropriate for node-negative @entity1 with @entity5 less than 4.0 mm deep. Specialty-specific ratings were conducted as well.

title: Developing indications for the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy and adjuvant high-dose interferon alfa-2b in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriateness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II or III disease', 'nonulcerated tumors', 'cancer', 'ulcerated intermediate primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity24661 / @entity24661 (N/OFQ) is an opioid-related neuropeptide that is widely distributed in limbic regions of the brain. After intracerebroventricular (icv) injections in rodents, N/OFQ produces elevations in @entity2339 activity, and has been reported to produce both anxiogenic and anxiolytic actions. We examined the neuroanatomical basis of these effects with injections of N/OFQ (0.01-1.0nmol) into the lateral ventricle, the amygdala, and the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) in independent groups of well-handled @entity35 under low stress conditions. Anxiety-related behaviors were evaluated in a neophobic test of @entity148 . The latency to enter, total time spent in, and number of entries into an unfamiliar open field and its central zone were measured. After the open field testing, plasma samples were obtained for analysis of @entity2339 activity. The N/OFQ-treated @entity35 displayed more @entity148 -related behaviors than vehicle-treated @entity35 did with all three of the injection types. However, these effects were greater and more consistent after the icv injections (0.01-1.0nmol) than they were after the amygdala (0.10-1.0nmol) or BNST (1.0nmol) injections. The icv and BNST injections also produced elevations in circulating @entity2819 , indicating that the @entity2339 was activated in these @entity35 . Intra-amygdaloid injections did not affect @entity2819 levels during the open field testing. These results indicate that the amygdala and BNST participate in the anxiogenic behavioral effects of N/OFQ. However, since the most potent effects were seen after icv N/OFQ injections, the anxiogenic and @entity2339 -activating effects of N/OFQ appear to occur through additive actions in multiple limbic (and perhaps cortical and brainstem) sites.

title: Roles of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and of the amygdala in N/OFQ-mediated @entity148 and XXXX activation.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['HPA axis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and laboratory features and the prognosis of @entity8817 ( @entity8817 ) complicated with @entity401 ( @entity401 ). METHOD: Data of 39 cases of @entity8817 complicated with @entity401 hospitalized in Beijing @entity1 's Hospital from January 2005 to December 2011 were collected. The clinical features, laboratory data and prognosis of these @entity1 were analyzed. RESULT: Of the 39 cases studied, 16 were @entity1 , and 23 @entity1 . The average age of onset was 5.6 years, and 61.5% of the @entity1 ' age of onset (24 cases) was under 6 years. Rashes (17 cases, 43.6%), simultaneous @entity1910 and @entity425 (14 cases, 35.9%), @entity221 (4 cases, 10.1%), or @entity425 (3 cases, 7.7%) were common initial symptoms of the disease. Only 51.3% of the @entity1 (20 cases) had the symptoms of respiratory system, but (24 cases) 61.5% were complicated with that of the gastrointestinal system; (27 cases) 69.2% had at the same time electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities. The chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed @entity602 in their lungs of more than half of the cases (25 cases, 64.1%), and other changes included ground glass-like shadow (10 cases, 25.6%), net and lineation-like shadow (9 cases, 23.1%), nodular change (5 cases, 12.8%). The @entity1 complicated with lung essential infiltration accounted for as high as 71.8% (28 cases). These imaging changes were largely seen on both dorsal sides of their lungs. Severe @entity1 also had @entity14303 , pneumothorax, pneumorrhagia or aerodermectasia. Twenty-four @entity1 underwent pulmonary function examination, and 62.5% of the @entity1 ' pulmonary function (15 cases) was abnormal. The fatality rate of the cases studied was 10.1%. CONCLUSION: The imaging changes of @entity1 suffering from @entity8817 with @entity401 were often more severe as compared to the clinical symptoms, and were often complicated with damages to other systems and organs. The prognosis of those @entity1 was poorer than others. @entity1 with @entity8817 especially at a younger age of onset and with various organ damages should be examined with chest HRCT examinations as early as possible.

title: [Clinical characteristics of XXXX complicated with @entity401 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['eruption of rashes']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord or band-like shadows']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis', 'JDM']

entities_list: @entity14303 :: ('MESH:D008478', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal emphysema']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity8817 :: (MESH:C538250,Disease) :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis']


abstract: When a @entity1 body is found with significant portions of its torso and limbs destroyed yet with comparatively minor damage to head, hands and feet, the mechanism of such destruction defies ready explanation, since exposure to external fires, particularly those involving flammable liquids, usually results in the destruction of hands, feet, limbs, and head prior to significant combustion of the large mass of the torso. Previous tests by these authors have demonstrated the conditions necessary to promote combustion of a body: the presence of adequate body fat, presence of a porous, rigid char to act as a wick, and an external flame source sustained for several minutes to char the body and cause the subcutaneous fat to begin rendering. In the test reported here, a freshly-slaughtered @entity1707 carcass with a net weight of 215 lb. (95 kg) was wrapped in a @entity2708 blanket and placed on a carpet-covered plywood panel. The fire was initiated using 1 L of @entity18683 poured on the shoulder area of the blanket-wrapped carcass. The gasoline burned off within 4 min, having ignited a large area of the blanket and adjoining carpet. Flames from those fuel packages resulted in the establishment of a steady-state fire sustained by the rendering of the body fat, with the necessary wick provided by the charred @entity2708 blanket and carpet. The heat release rate of this fire was 60+/-10 kW, with flames less than 12 in. (0.35 m) high for its duration. The fire sustained itself by the rendering process for more than 6 1/2 h from ignition, at which time it was extinguished. An average mass loss rate of 1.5 g/s (5.3 kg/h) was observed during the self-sustained fire. Extensive destruction of the carcass (more than 60% by weight) included reduction of large bones to a fragile, ashen state. Other test data will demonstrate the similarity between subcutaneous fat from @entity1 and porcine sources. The implications for the reconstruction of accidental and homicidal fires involving such destruction will be discussed.

title: Sustained combustion of an animal carcass and its implications for the consumption of XXXX bodies in fires.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effect of @entity4567 ( @entity4568 ) on brain metabolism and brain function was investigated in hypoglycemic @entity95 . The electroencephalogram and differences in @entity26 content of arterial and cerebral venous blood were used as indicators for brain metabolic activity. @entity772 was induced and maintained for 1 hour by insulin administration. At the onset of isoelectric EEG, six @entity95 were treated with @entity4568 and five @entity95 received 0.9% saline. The animals were killed by an @entity1445 of @entity17166 60 minutes after hypoglycemic recovery with @entity413 . @entity4568 -treated @entity95 had lower arterial @entity413 concentration after 40 minutes of treatment (p less than .05) and a significantly greater difference between the @entity26 content of arterial and venous blood after 40 minutes (p less than .01), and after 60 minutes (p less than .025) of @entity4568 infusion than saline-treated @entity95 . @entity4568 -treated @entity95 also had a lower cerebral @entity413 - @entity26 index than did saline-treated @entity95 (p less than .005, after 20 and 40 minutes of @entity4568 infusion). @entity4568 administration was followed by a return of EEG activity during @entity4053 , whereas saline produced no such effect. After @entity413 infusion, EEG activity was improved in @entity4568 -treated @entity95 ; in saline-treated @entity95 , minimal or no EEG activity was observed. The data suggest the possibility that, at the doses given in this study, @entity4568 is taken up and used as a metabolic substrate by the brain.

title: Improved brain metabolism with XXXX during insulin-induced @entity772 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemic coma']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity17166 :: ('MESH:C032232', 'Chemical') :: ['barbiturate']

entities_list: @entity4567 :: ('MESH:C029063', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose 1-6 diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4567 :: (MESH:C029063,Chemical) :: ['fructose 1-6 diphosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar epidural blood patch (EBP) is a common treatment of post-dural puncture @entity10 , but its effectiveness and mode of action remain a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to assess both the effectiveness and the predictive factors of failure of EBP on severe post-dural puncture @entity10 . METHODS: This prospective observational study includes all @entity1 treated in the authors' hospital with EBP for incapacitating post-dural puncture @entity10 , from 1988 to 2000. The EBP effect was classified into complete relief (disappearance of all symptoms), incomplete @entity1109 (clinically improved @entity1 who recovered sufficiently to perform normal daily activity), and failure (persistence of severe symptoms). The following data were analyzed using a logistic regression to identify predictive factors of failure of EBP: (1) @entity1 characteristics; (2) circumstances of dural puncture; (3) delay between dural puncture and EBP; and (4) the volume of blood injected for EBP. RESULTS: A total of 504 @entity1 were analyzed. The frequency rates of complete relief, incomplete @entity1109 , and failure after EBP were 75% (n = 377), 18% (n = 93), and 7% (n = 34), respectively. In a multivariate analysis, only the diameter of the needle used to perform dura mater puncture (odds ratio = 5.96; 95% confidence interval, 2.63-13.47; P < 0.001) and a delay in EBP less than 4 days (odds ratio = 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-6.51; P = 0.037) were independent significant risk factors for a failure of EBP. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural blood patch is an effective treatment of severe post-dural puncture @entity10 . Its effectiveness is decreased if dura mater puncture is caused by a large bore needle.

title: Effectiveness of epidural blood patch in the management of post-dural puncture XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['relief of symptoms']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: Proliferation and migration of lens epithelial cells is at the origin of after- @entity231 , currently the main side effect of @entity231 surgery. Extracapsular @entity231 surgery necessitates opening of the anterior lens capsule and removal of the lens fibres before an intraocular lens can be placed in the cleaned capsular bag. The present study was aimed at testing the potential of the lens capsule and the fibres to affect the mitotic activity of the lens epithelial cells in @entity1 donor eyes. Pairs of @entity1 lenses used in this study were subjected to two different experimental conditions. In the first, only a small anterior capsulorhexis was made. In the other, fibres were separated from the epithelium by gentle hydrodissection, the nucleus was rotated and, either left in the capsular bag or removed by hydroexpression. The specimens were cultured for 48 hr in MEM with 2% serum. Mitotic activity was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation technique. Fellow lenses of the same donors were cultured intact as controls. Anterior capsulorhexis showed a small but significant (P < 0.02) increase in the number of @entity1603 positive nuclei in the equatorial region but not in the wound area. Lenses where fibres were separated from the epithelium showed a large increase in @entity1603 incorporation in the germinative region, as compared to the intact control lenses (P < 0.01). @entity1603 incorporation was highest when fibres were removed. Lens capsule integrity and the presence of contacts between fibres and epithelial cells may have a role in the control of the mitotic activity of the lens epithelium. The data recorded here could be useful for understanding lens cell biology and prevention of after- @entity231 .

title: Separation of fibres from the capsule enhances mitotic activity of XXXX lens epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) were more likely to be treated with @entity440 than an aromatase inhibitor (AI). For @entity1 with early invasive @entity0 , the reverse pattern was seen, with AI use more common than @entity440 use. Use of endocrine therapy declined in the five years following diagnosis for both @entity3821 and early invasive @entity0 . At all time points, use was higher for early invasive @entity0 , but declines were also greater. Endocrine therapy use was associated with similar demographic characteristics for @entity3821 and early invasive @entity0 . In both groups, use declined with age. Tumor characteristics were more strongly related to therapy use for @entity1 with early invasive disease than @entity3821 . With early invasive disease, use increased with increasing @entity5 size and declined with higher grade. For @entity3821 , patterns across both factors were less clear. Endocrine therapy use was highest for @entity1 with @entity3821 treated with breast-conserving surgery plus radiation therapy (BCS+RT) compared with either mastectomy or BCS alone. For @entity1 with early invasive @entity5 , therapy was highest for @entity1 treated with BCS+RT and lowest for @entity1 treated with BCS alone.

title: Use of endocrine therapy following diagnosis of @entity3821 or early invasive XXXX : Data Points # 14

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and laboratory features and the prognosis of @entity8817 ( @entity8817 ) complicated with @entity401 ( @entity401 ). METHOD: Data of 39 cases of @entity8817 complicated with @entity401 hospitalized in Beijing @entity1 's Hospital from January 2005 to December 2011 were collected. The clinical features, laboratory data and prognosis of these @entity1 were analyzed. RESULT: Of the 39 cases studied, 16 were @entity1 , and 23 @entity1 . The average age of onset was 5.6 years, and 61.5% of the @entity1 ' age of onset (24 cases) was under 6 years. Rashes (17 cases, 43.6%), simultaneous @entity1910 and @entity425 (14 cases, 35.9%), @entity221 (4 cases, 10.1%), or @entity425 (3 cases, 7.7%) were common initial symptoms of the disease. Only 51.3% of the @entity1 (20 cases) had the symptoms of respiratory system, but (24 cases) 61.5% were complicated with that of the gastrointestinal system; (27 cases) 69.2% had at the same time electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities. The chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed @entity602 in their lungs of more than half of the cases (25 cases, 64.1%), and other changes included ground glass-like shadow (10 cases, 25.6%), net and lineation-like shadow (9 cases, 23.1%), nodular change (5 cases, 12.8%). The @entity1 complicated with lung essential infiltration accounted for as high as 71.8% (28 cases). These imaging changes were largely seen on both dorsal sides of their lungs. Severe @entity1 also had @entity14303 , pneumothorax, pneumorrhagia or aerodermectasia. Twenty-four @entity1 underwent pulmonary function examination, and 62.5% of the @entity1 ' pulmonary function (15 cases) was abnormal. The fatality rate of the cases studied was 10.1%. CONCLUSION: The imaging changes of @entity1 suffering from @entity8817 with @entity401 were often more severe as compared to the clinical symptoms, and were often complicated with damages to other systems and organs. The prognosis of those @entity1 was poorer than others. @entity1 with @entity8817 especially at a younger age of onset and with various organ damages should be examined with chest HRCT examinations as early as possible.

title: [Clinical characteristics of @entity8817 complicated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['eruption of rashes']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord or band-like shadows']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis', 'JDM']

entities_list: @entity14303 :: ('MESH:D008478', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal emphysema']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: AIMS: In recent years there has been increased use of core biopsy for the preoperative diagnosis of screen detected and symptomatic @entity1558 . The aim of this study was to compare the quality assessment parameters for preoperative diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) before conversion to core biopsy with those for core biopsy after conversion in screening and symptomatic practice. Accuracy of typing and grading of @entity5 on core biopsy was assessed. METHODS: Correlation of FNAC ( @entity10779 ) and core biopsy (B1-5) results (total of 1768 cases) with subsequent available resection histology was performed for 473 FNAC samples in 1997/98, 349 core biopsies in 1998/99 performed in symptomatic practice, for 561 FNAC samples in 1997/98, and 385 core biopsies in 1998/99 performed in screening. Quality assessment parameters were calculated using the methodology detailed in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme guidelines for cytology practice. RESULTS: Increased absolute and complete specificity, lower inadequate rates, and lower suspicious rates were found for core biopsy compared with FNAC in both symptomatic and screening practice. @entity5 was attempted in 86.7% of core biopsies in symptomatic practice and was accurate in 93.6% (132 of 141 where type was stated). Grading of @entity5 was attempted in 63.5% of invasive @entity189 , with the provisional grade on core biopsy being confirmed on later histology in 75% of grade 1 cases, in 70% of grade 2 cases, and in 86% of grade 3 cases. No case provisionally graded as 1 was subsequently found to be grade 3 and no provisionally grade 3 case was found to be grade 1. CONCLUSION: Conversion to core biopsy for the preoperative diagnosis of @entity1558 increases specificity and reduces inadequate and suspicious rates. Grading and typing of @entity5 and assessment of @entity2931 receptor status by immunocytochemistry is also possible in core biopsy, thereby increasing diagnostic information available when considering treatment options.

title: Conversion to core biopsy in preoperative diagnosis of XXXX : is it justified by results?

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Typing of tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of @entity1945 in combination with standard chemotherapy in previously untreated @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity151 ), the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) conducted a phase III trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had measurable or assessable disease and an ECOG performance status of 0 to 2; stable brain metastases were allowed. All @entity1 received four cycles of @entity900 and etoposide every 3 weeks (step 1; PE). @entity1 with stable or responding disease were then randomized to observation or four cycles of @entity1945 (1.5 mg/m(2)/d for 5 days, every 3 weeks; step 2). A total of 402 eligible @entity1 were registered to step 1, and 223 eligible @entity1 were registered to step 2 (observation, n = 111; @entity1945 , n = 112). RESULTS: Complete and partial response rates to induction PE were 3% and 32%, respectively. A 7% response rate was observed with @entity1945 (complete response, 2%; partial response, 5%). The median survival time for all 402 eligible @entity1 was 9.6 months. Progression-free survival (PFS) from date of randomization on step 2 was significantly better with @entity1945 compared with observation (3.6 months v 2.3 months; P <.001). However, overall survival from date of randomization on step 2 was not significantly different between the observation and @entity1945 arms (8.9 months v 9.3 months; P =.43). Grade 4 @entity1398 and @entity882 occurred in 50% and 3%, respectively, of PE @entity1 in step 1 and 60% and 13% of @entity1945 @entity1 in step 2. Grade 4/5 infection was observed in 4.6% of PE @entity1 and 1.8% of @entity1945 @entity1 . Grade 3/4 @entity417 developed in 22% of @entity1 who received @entity1945 . No difference in quality of life between @entity1945 and observation was observed at any assessment time or for any of the subscale scores. CONCLUSION: Four cycles of PE induction therapy followed by four cycles of @entity1945 improved PFS but failed to improve overall survival or quality of life in extensive-stage @entity151 . Four cycles of standard PE remains an appropriate first-line treatment for extensive-stage @entity151 @entity1 with good performance status.

title: XXXX versus observation after @entity900 plus etoposide in @entity5 : E7593--a phase III trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['Topotecan']


abstract: Individuals with @entity10791 , including @entity245 and @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ), exhibit impairments in processing rapidly presented auditory stimuli. It has been hypothesized that these deficits are associated with concurrent @entity51 and, in turn, impaired language development. Additionally, postmortem analyses of @entity1 dyslexic brains have revealed the presence of focal neocortical @entity600 such as cerebrocortical microgyria. In an initial study bridging these research domains, we found that male @entity35 with induced microgyria were impaired in discriminating rapidly presented auditory stimuli. In order to further assess this anatomical- behavioral association, we designed two experiments using auditory-reflex modification. These studies were intended to assess whether auditory processing deficits in microgyric male @entity35 would be seen in threshold detection of a silent gap in white noise, and in oddball detection of a two-tone stimulus of variable duration. Results showed no differences between sham and microgyric subjects on gap detection, but did show that microgyric subjects were impaired in the discrimination of two-tone stimuli presented in an oddball paradigm. This impairment was evident for stimuli with total duration of 64 msec or less, while both groups were able to discriminate stimuli with duration of 89 msec or greater. The current results further support the relationship between @entity6795 in rapid auditory processing. They also suggest that the parameters characterizing rapid auditory processing deficits for a specific task may be influenced by stimulus features and/or cognitive demand of that particular task.

title: Impaired processing of complex auditory stimuli in @entity35 with induced cerebrocortical microgyria: An animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental dyslexia']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['specific language impairment', 'SLI']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of the cerebral cortex and deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in speech perception']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['developmental language disabilities']

answer: @entity10791 :: (MESH:D007805,Disease) :: ['developmental language disabilities']