abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2977 ( @entity2977 ) is an uncommon @entity245 affecting the terminal respiratory structures. It is characterized by broncho @entity358 . The reason behind it is an arrest in lung development between 4(th) and 7(th) week of fetal life. AIM: The present study was conducted to assess the clinical and radiological profile and also to study the role of surgical intervention in @entity1 with @entity2977 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 with clinical suspicion or provisional diagnosis of @entity2977 were included in the study. A clinical questionnaire was prepared to collect data. Computed Tomography (CT) chest with High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) was done for all the @entity1 . @entity1 were assessed by paediatric surgeon and eligible @entity1 were operated. The procedure conducted was usually open thoracotomy under general anaesthesia. The affected lobes were removed and specimens were sent for histopathological analysis. All included @entity1 were followed up prospectively to find out about their current level of health. Via telephonic interview they were asked about their overall growth, quality of life, activity, rate of @entity1729 and requirement of hospital admission. RESULTS: Total 15 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity2977 were included in the study. Of them, 8 (53.3%) were male. The commonest presentation was cough 13(86%), breathing difficulty 11(73%), fever 9(60%), recurrent pneumonia 4(26%), @entity519 requiring @entity26 supplementation 6(40%), others 2(12%). Thirteen @entity1 required surgical intervention and underwent lobectomy. There were 2 cases of type I, one each of @entity1605 and III, 3 case of type IV while 5 were intermediate type. There was no procedure related mortality. The median duration of hospital stay and all were successfully discharged with median duration of stay 11  16 days. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that if recognized early, surgical removal of affected lung prevents the complications like recurrent @entity358 . The surgery is well tolerated without any post-operative mortality or morbidity.

title: XXXX : A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental deformity']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections', 'pulmonary foregut malformations']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity2977 :: ('MESH:D015615', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation', 'CCAM']

answer: @entity2977 :: (MESH:D015615,Disease) :: ['Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation']


abstract: The aim of this study was to, from the point of @entity13624 , explore the pathogenesis of @entity1960 and to provide direct evidence for the @entity1960 hypothesis. Male @entity35 (180-220 g) anesthetized with @entity22292 were intrathecally (ith) implanted with @entity691 -10 (PE-10) catheter to reach the spinal cord T      -L    level. Substance @entity10133 ) was ith injected once a day for 14 d. The disease active index (DAI) score was calculated by @entity35 body weight and stool. The macroscopic and HE staining-microscopic pathologies of colon/spinal tissue were evaluated. By immunofluorescence staining, the protein expression of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, @entity19984 ( @entity19984 ), in colon tissue was detected and was semi-quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that in the colon tissue, @entity32 was dose-dependently aggravated by ith SP 10   and 20  , whereas in the spinal tissue, only slight @entity4 and @entity384 were seen in SP 20   group. The @entity19984 protein of colon tissue was increased in ith SP 10   and 20   groups (P<0.05, P<0.01 as compared to normal saline group respectively), but in the spinal tissue, there was no obvious @entity19984 protein expression either in SP groups or in normal saline group. Pretreatment with @entity16325 antagonist ([D-Pro2, D-Trp7, 9] -SP, 22.4  , ith, 10 min before ith SP) prolonged the latency of DAI rising and reduced the DAI amplitude, as well as prevented the high @entity19984 expression induced by ith SP. These results suggest that @entity35 @entity1960 can be induced by direct SP stimulation in lumbar spine via activating central NK    receptor; and that colonic @entity19984 is possibly one of the inflammatory factors involved in this pathogenesis. These data provide a reasonable support to the hypothesis of @entity1960 being a @entity13624 . In addition, a potential clinical significance for the finding that higher concentration of spinal SP can induce @entity1960 via NK    receptor is discussed.

title: XXXX @entity1960 induced by intrathecal injection of substance P.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'neurogenic colitis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral hydrate']

entities_list: @entity19984 :: ('81683(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['migration inhibitory factor', 'MIF']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: Properties of @entity4959 precipitated from aqueous solutions of @entity3282 and @entity4339 in the presence of @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) and S-S 0.1 T @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) were studied. The nucleation and precipitation processes of @entity16415 were investigated by pH and zeta potential measurements at 20 +/- 1 degrees C up to 2 h after mixing the solutions. Also the amounts of @entity4959 deposited on the glass surfaces and its structure were examined. It was found that @entity214 influences the kinetics of precipitation, crystallographic forms, and crystal size of @entity16415 . The @entity214 effects are more pronounced in @entity2194 presence. A small amount of @entity214 accelerates transformation of vaterite into calcite, whereas increasing surfactant concentration moderates such a transformation. On the other hand, in all the systems, @entity2194 in the presence of @entity214 causes a slower transformation of @entity4959 into calcite. These effects are reflected in pH and zeta potential changes, although there is no clear dependence between the @entity214 amount present during the precipitation and changes of the parameters investigated. It seems that @entity2194 effect is most significant at a defined optimal @entity214 concentration. The results, however, do not allow suggestion of any detailed mechanism of the field interaction.

title: Influence of @entity3208 and static XXXX on the properties of freshly precipitated @entity4959 .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['magnetic field', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['vaterite', 'calcium carbonate']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['magnetic field']


abstract: The present study was designed to determine resistance rates and patterns in @entity796 isolates obtained from hospitalised burn @entity1 in an Indian tertiary care hospital. To that end, we isolated plasmid(s) from the multidrug-resistant isolates, demonstrated the plasmid-mediated resistance by curing and transformation experiments, and screened all the isolates for the occurrence of AmpC beta-lactamases. Thirty isolates of @entity796 were analysed for the presence of antibiotic resistance. Plasmid-curing experiments and AmpC beta-lactamase detection were performed on all the isolates and seven isolates showing the most common antibiotic resistance pattern were selected for plasmid isolation and transformation experiments. All 30 isolates were multidrug-resistant and the majority (83.3%) of isolates were resistant to seven or more antibiotics, out of 11 antibiotics tested including anti-pseudomonal and non-anti-pseudomonal antimicrobial drugs. The most striking feature was the presence of resistance to @entity4509 . A 48.5-kb plasmid was isolated from the isolates. Curing and transformation experiments showed that resistance to @entity4509 was plasmid-mediated. Phenotypic screening for the occurrence of AmpC beta-lactamases showed that 20% of isolates were AmpC producers whereas 10% of isolates were characterised as 'indeterminate' for AmpC enzyme. In conclusion, a markedly high (56.7%) resistance to @entity4509 was noted in the present study. @entity4509 resistance was determined to be plasmid-encoded and the presence of an AmpC beta-lactamase was inferred in 20% of isolates. This is among the first reports regarding the emergence of plasmid-mediated resistance to @entity4509 and the occurrence of AmpC beta-lactamases in @entity796 strains from India.

title: Multidrug-resistant @entity796 strains harbouring R-plasmids and AmpC beta-lactamases isolated from hospitalised burn XXXX in a tertiary care hospital of North India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin', 'Amikacin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To study functional neurologic and cognitive outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a cohort of @entity1 included in a randomised controlled trial on @entity413 control following out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) from @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) treated with therapeutic @entity2332 . METHODS: @entity1 alive at 6 months after being discharged from the hospital underwent clinical neurological and extensive neuropsychological examinations. Functional outcome was evaluated with the Cerebral Performance Category scale, the modified Rankin scale and the Barthel Index. Cognitive outcome was evaluated by neuropsychological test battery including two measures of each cognitive function: cognitive speed, execution, memory, verbal skills and visuospatial performance. We also assessed quality of life with a HRQoL 15D questionnaire. RESULTS: Of 90 OHCA- @entity2224 @entity1 included in the original trial, 57 were alive at 6 months. Of these, 52 (91%) were functionally independent and 54 (95%) lived at their previous home. Focal @entity51 were scarce. Intact cognitive performance was observed in 20 (49%), mild to moderate @entity51 (34%) and severe @entity73 in 7 (17%) of 41 @entity1 assessed by a neuropsychologist. @entity73 were most frequently detected in executive and memory functions. HRQoL of the CA survivors was comparable to that of age- and gender matched population. CONCLUSIONS: Functional outcome six months after OHCA and therapeutic @entity2332 was good in the great majority of the survivors, and half of them were cognitively intact. Of note, the HRQoL of CA survivors did not differ from that of age- and gender matched population.

title: Functional outcome, cognition and quality of life after out-of-hospital @entity1167 and therapeutic XXXX : data from a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'Cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in 14', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that @entity6306 to @entity9315 due to reduced @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) contributes to the aging-related hyperinflammatory state in @entity295 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Sepsis and @entity326 are a serious problem, particularly in the geriatric population. @entity9315 is an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a, ie, @entity23854 ). The decline in @entity11249 with age is directly associated with many adverse changes that occur with aging. However, the role of @entity11249 , @entity9315 , and GHSR1a in the age-associated vulnerability to @entity295 remains unknown. METHODS: Male Fischer 344 @entity35 (young: 3 months; aged: 24 months) were used. Plasma @entity11249 levels, @entity23854 expression, and neuronal activity in the parasympathostimulatory nuclei of the brain stem in normal young and aged animals were measured. @entity5694 was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 15 mg/kg BW). RESULTS: While LPS-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages isolated from aged @entity35 decreased, LPS injection resulted in an in vivo hyperinflammatory state. @entity11249 levels were lower in aged @entity35 , which was associated with lower expression of GHSR1a in the dorsal vagal complex and a decrease in parasympathostimulatory neuronal activity. GHSR1a antagonist elevated LPS-induced cytokine release in young @entity35 . @entity11249 increased GHSR-1a expression in the dorsal vagal complex in aged @entity35 . Coadministration of @entity9315 and @entity11249 , but not @entity9315 alone or @entity11249 alone, markedly reduced cytokine levels and @entity130 after @entity5694 in aged @entity35 , which was associated with significantly elevated parasympathostimulatory neuronal activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the reduced central (brain) responsiveness to @entity9315 due to the decreased @entity11249 , plays a major role in producing the hyperinflammatory state, resulting in severe organ injuries and high mortality after @entity5694 in aged animals. @entity9315 and @entity11249 can be developed as a novel therapy for @entity295 in the geriatric population.

title: @entity9315 XXXX contributes to age-related hyperinflammation in @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['Endotoxemia', 'endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity6306 :: (MESH:C566417,Disease) :: ['hyporesponsiveness']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies have shown that molecular mechanisms underlying the development of @entity2 differ between smokers and unsmokers. Aberrant promoter methylation in some @entity5 suppressor genes is frequent in @entity2 from smokers but rare in those from non-smokers. Recently, many studies have investigated the association between cigarette smoking and @entity15893 gene promoter hypermethylation in @entity2 @entity1 , but a unanimous conclusion could not be reached. We therefore performed this meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of any association. STUDY DESIGN: An electronic search of PubMed and Chinese Biomedicine databases was conducted to select studies. A total of 19 case-control studies were chosen, and odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. RESULTS: The case-control studies covered 2, 287 @entity2 @entity1 : 63.4%(1449) of the @entity1 were smokers, 36.6% (838) were unsmokers. The overall results suggested that smokers with @entity2 had a 1.297-fold (95% CI: 1.066~1.580, p=0.010, p=0.087) higher risk for @entity15893 gene hypermethylation than the non-smokers. In the stratified analysis, an increased risk of @entity15893 gene hypermethylation in smokers than in non-smokers was found in Asian (OR=1.481, 95%CI: 1.179~1.861, p=0.001, p=0.186). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis supports the idea that @entity15893 gene hypermethylation is associated with cigarette smoking-induced @entity2 .

title: Association between Cigarette Smoking and XXXX Gene Promoter Hypermethylation in Lung Cancer @entity1 : a Meta- analysis.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity15893 :: (11186,Gene) :: ['RASSF1A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) has been recently found to be associated negatively with insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate circulating sTfR concentration after changing insulin sensitivity in @entity28 individuals. DESIGN: Circulating sTfR concentration was evaluated after diet-induced @entity353 in @entity28 @entity1 (diet (D) group, n=8); after diet-induced @entity353 plus resistance training (D+RT group, n=11); and after follow-up without @entity353 (control (C) group, n=7). RESULTS: After 16 weeks, insulin sensitivity (HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment) value) significantly improved in parallel to @entity353 (-7.3%) and reduced total fat mass (evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging) in the D group. Thigh muscle mass decreased significantly (P=0.03). Serum sTfR concentration did not change significantly. In the D+RT group, @entity353 (-8.7%) and @entity1720 were of similar magnitude. Thigh muscle mass was preserved (P=0.8). Serum sTfR concentration decreased significantly (P=0.001). Interestingly, higher the thigh muscle volume after @entity353 , higher the decrease in circulating sTfR concentration. We also found that higher the increases in leg force at week 16, higher the decrease in circulating sTfR concentration in all individuals as a whole. No significant changes were observed in insulin sensitivity, sTfR concentration or thigh muscle mass in the C group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a long-term regulation of serum sTfR concentration by exercise-induced @entity1720 in @entity28 individuals.

title: Circulating soluble transferrin receptor concentration decreases after exercise-induced @entity1720 in XXXX individuals.

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['improvement of insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 10-year-old @entity1 . He had a sudden onset of generalized @entity3173 . On admission, he presented with mild disturbance of @entity1662 and @entity1269 . The electroencephalogram showed diffuse spike and slow wave complex. Three days later, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high signal intensity areas in the left cerebellar hemisphere and pons. On cerebral angiograms, coiling of the bilateral carotid arteries, occlusion of the basilar artery at the distal site, and fenestration of the left vertebral artery at the atlanto-axis level were shown. According to these findings, the @entity1 was diagnosed with brainstem and @entity1188 . On the follow-up angiograms, recanalization of the basilar artery on the right vertebral angiogram, occlusion of the left vertebral artery at the distal site of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery origin, and occlusion of one of the duplicated vertebral arteries were recognized. @entity5525 is presented in about 1-2% at angiography and autopsy and the clinical significance is controversial. In this case, the fenestration may have played a role as an embolic source because there was no probable cause of the @entity385 , and the @entity432 and recanalization occurred near the distal site of the fenestration. These findings suggest the clinical significance of vertebral artery fenestration as an embolic source.

title: [Infantile XXXX due to vertebral artery fenestration: a case report].

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['Fenestration of the vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic convulsion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['brainstem infarction']


abstract: The frizzled (fz) gene in @entity238 controls two distinct signaling pathways: it directs the planar cell polarization ( @entity212 ) of epithelia and it regulates cell fate decisions through @entity19280 (Arm) by acting as a receptor for the @entity39679 protein Wingless (Wg). With the exception of dishevelled (dsh), the genes functioning in these two pathways are distinct. We have taken a genetic approach, based on a series of new and existing fz alleles, for identifying individual @entity1522 required for @entity212 or Arm signaling. For each allele, we have attempted to quantify the strength of signaling by phenotypic measurements. For @entity212 signaling, the defect was measured by counting the number of cells secreting multiple hairs in the wing. We then examined each allele for its ability to participate in Arm signaling by the rescue of fz mutant embryos with maternally provided fz function. For both @entity212 and Arm signaling we observed a broad range of phenotypes, but for every allele there is a strong correlation between its phenotypic strength in each pathway. Therefore, even though the @entity212 and Arm signaling pathways are genetically distinct, the set of signaling-defective fz alleles affected both pathways to a similar extent. This suggests that fz controls these two different signaling activities by a common mechanism. In addition, this screen yielded a set of missense mutations that identify @entity1522 specifically required for fz signaling function.

title: Genetic evidence that XXXX frizzled controls planar cell polarity and @entity19280 signaling by a common mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Between January 1974 and December 1984, 273 consecutive @entity1 with @entity150 , Stages T1 or T2, any N, M0, were referred to the radiotherapy department of the Catharina Hospital at Eindhoven, The Netherlands and 265 were treated in a non-randomized fashion according to one of the three following schedules: 137 @entity1 (67 T1, 70 T2) received radiotherapy only; 96 (44 T1, 52 T2) had preoperative radiotherapy followed by cystectomy and diversion according to the Bricker technique in 94/96; 32 @entity1 (13 T1, 19 T2) had low total dose (12 Gy median) external radiotherapy followed by an interstitial @entity5166 implant. The external radiotherapy fields included the pelvic structures. Total dose was 64 Gy median in the radiotherapy-only group and 40 Gy median in the preoperative irradiated group. The median follow-up in survivors was 81 months (range: 15-203). Locoregional relapse was observed in 50% in the group treated by external radiotherapy alone versus 17% in the group treated by preoperative radiation plus surgery and 28% of the @entity1 who received @entity5166 implant. During follow-up, 106/137 (77%), 67/96 (70%) and 13/32 (41%) @entity1 died. In the radiotherapy-alone group, 38 died from intercurrent diseases, 36 from @entity150 , two from therapy-related complications and cause of @entity204 was unknown in 30 @entity1 . In the preoperative radiation group, the figures were 17 for intercurrent deaths, 26 related to progressive @entity150 , 14 died due to perioperative complications and cause of @entity204 was unknown in 10. Cause of @entity204 was intercurrent in six and due to @entity150 in seven @entity1 treated by @entity5166 implant. Probability of survival (calculated from the date of histological diagnosis) for the whole group, with censoring @entity204 to intercurrent disease was 53% at 5 years (56% for T1; 51% for T2) and 41% (40% for T1; 43% for T2) at 10 years. No significant difference was observed between T1 and T2 (p = 0.76). Survival in the treatment subgroups was, for @entity1 treated by external radiotherapy only: 50% at 5 years and 33% at 10 years; for @entity1 treated by external radiotherapy and surgery: 49% at 5 years and 42% at 10 years; for @entity1 treated by @entity5166 implant: 76% at 5 years and 76% at 10 years. Survival of @entity1 in the @entity5166 implant group was significantly better than in the other groups (p = 0.0001). Following variables were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model: age, gender, T1 or T2 stage, grade, @entity5166 implant or not, and surgery or not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: T1 and T2 XXXX : long term results with external, preoperative, or interstitial radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'cancer of the urinary bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify @entity1082 ) in 216 cervical biopsy specimens from @entity1 referred to the gynecological out- @entity1 unit for colposcopy because of an abnormal smear. HPV DNA was screened using type-specific primers for HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 (TS-PCR) as well as a consensus primer located in the E1 region of the HPV genome (C-PCR). TS-PCR specificity was validated by Southern blot analysis. Low-grade ( @entity28561 ) and high-grade (SIL 2) squamous intraepithelial lesions were found in 165 biopsies. @entity1799 detection was better with PCR than Southern blot, particularly for @entity28561 and SIL 2. The fact that 10% of @entity1799 (all SIL 2) were not detected by C-PCR indicates that both PCR techniques should be performed. C-PCR also detects uncharacterized HPV types (8.6% prevalence in our results), mainly in @entity28561 and SIL 2. @entity1799 , the most frequently isolated type (prevalence 21%), was associated with SIL 2 in 83% of cases. A low HPV prevalence was found in specimens without @entity6349 cells. These results suggest that PCR may be an important tool for identifying @entity1 at risk for developing @entity1141 or @entity5 .

title: Detection of XXXX in squamous intraepithelial lesions by consensus and type-specific polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Psychosocial factors, such as @entity147 and social isolation, have been increasingly recognized as important risk factors for @entity1 ' recovery from @entity583 ( @entity583 ). This study examined age, gender, and ethnic differences in @entity308 , social support, and health-related quality of life after @entity583 . METHODS: Data came from a series of 88 @entity1 aged 62.1 +/- 14.2 years (46% female) who were hospitalized for @entity583 at eight different US clinical centers participating in the @entity301 ( @entity301 ) Pilot Study. Standardized psychometric measures were administered to assess three psychosocial domains: (1) @entity308 (mental health functioning), (2) social support, and (3) health-related quality of life. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of age, gender, and ethnic differences in each of the three psychosocial domains. RESULTS: Female @entity1 reported higher levels of @entity308 and distress compared with male @entity1 (P = .040). Gender differences in mental health functioning differed by age (P = .046), with the greatest differences observed among younger female @entity1 . Older @entity1 (P = .014) and female @entity1 (P = .025) reported lower levels of social support compared with younger and male @entity1 , respectively. Minority @entity1 did not differ from nonminority @entity1 in mental health functioning or social support, and there were no significant differences in post- @entity583 quality of life on the basis of age, gender, or ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: The psychosocial risk profile after @entity583 may be different for male and female @entity1 , and interventions may need to take account of each gender's specific needs.

title: Psychosocial characteristics after @entity583 : the @entity301 pilot study. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression and general distress', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['ENRICHD', 'Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3522 is used for the treatment of @entity571 ( @entity571 ); however, like other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) it can be associated with serious dose-related adverse events (AEs). Low-dose SoluMatrix   @entity3522 has been developed to provide efficacy at lower @entity3522 doses. A recently published Phase III study evaluated the efficacy and safety of SoluMatrix @entity3522 35 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) and thrice daily (t.i.d.) in @entity1 with @entity158 treated for 12 weeks. METHODS: This Phase III multicenter, open-label study assessed the safety of SoluMatrix @entity3522 in @entity1 with @entity571 dosed up to 52 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01510912). The study enrolled 602 chronic NSAID/ @entity1443 users, aged >= 40 years with @entity571 of the knee or hip. @entity1 received SoluMatrix @entity3522 35 mg b.i.d., which could be increased to t.i.d. and subsequently reduced to b.i.d. as needed. Safety assessments included AEs, vital signs, physical examination findings, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and clinical laboratory test results. @entity1 -reported outcomes were evaluated by the Short Form-36 (SF-36). RESULTS: A total of 601 @entity1 received SoluMatrix @entity3522 ; 373 of 601 @entity1 (62.1%) received treatment for >= 11 months. The most frequent AEs included @entity1729 , @entity10 , @entity293 , @entity294 , @entity11266 , and @entity390 . Serious @entity344 were uncommon. A small proportion (99 @entity1 , 16.5%) of @entity1 discontinued participation in the study due to AEs. Clinically meaningful improvements from baseline in Physical Component Summary Scores of the SF-36 were noted at week 12 and were sustained through week 52. Improvements in six of the eight individual physical and mental SF-36 domains were also noted. CONCLUSION: SoluMatrix @entity3522 treatment for up to 1 year was generally well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity158 and associated with improvement in quality of life measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01510912.

title: Low-dose SoluMatrix @entity3522 in the treatment of XXXX : A 1-year, open-label, Phase III safety study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic AEs']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Modern, microprocessor-controlled antitachycardia pacemakers are available with extended detection and termination programs for the treatment of @entity4710 . Using the "InterTach 262-12" we examined a universal antitachycardia pacing mode in the chronic state. Based on the individual electrophysiologic parameters, a defined burst stimulation mode was used for the first intervention and, consecutively, a determined scanning mode. The InterTach device was implanted in 17 @entity1 with a mean age of 50 +/- 15 years: 10 with AV-nodal reentrant @entity591 , 6 with @entity3153 , 1 with reentrant @entity591 with Mahaim fibers. The mean @entity591 rate was 178 +/- 23/min and the follow-up 10 +/- 4 months. Every 3 months the efficacy of the termination mode was tested by programmed stimulation in supine and upright body position or during physical activity. In these tests, a rate of 95-100% successful terminations was observed. In the chronic state, 26 persistent @entity591 in 11 @entity1 were noted; 21 episodes could be referred to an insufficient @entity591 detection. Only four persistent @entity591 were due to ineffective antitachycardia pacing. The introduction of extended variable termination programs, including consecutive, flexible pacing modes, can be considered as a marked advancement in the antitachycardia pacemaker therapy for @entity4710 .

title: [ XXXX : therapy with a variable antitachycardia stimulation program].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['Supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the few @entity1820 with increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. It arises most frequently in the setting of @entity82 and presents heterogeneously with varying degrees of preserved liver function. Surgical resection and liver transplantation represent the cornerstones of curative treatment worldwide, whereas @entity5 ablation is being increasingly used for small @entity5 . A variety of different treatment algorithms have been developed, taking into consideration both the @entity5 stage as well as the liver reserve. Currently, many treatment modalities are continuously evolving. Transplantation criteria are expanding and even higher stage @entity5 become transplantable with neoadjuvant treatment. Surgical resection is being affected by the introduction of minimally invasive approaches. Ablation techniques are increasingly being used for small @entity5 . Combinations of different treatments are being introduced such as surgical resection followed by salvage transplantation. In this continuously changing field, the objectives of this review are to summarize the current curative surgical treatment options for @entity1 with @entity157 , focusing on the controversial areas that multiple treatments might be applicable for the same @entity1 , highlight the recent advances in minimally invasive surgery for @entity157 , and emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach and treatment plan tailored to the characteristics of each @entity1 .

title: XXXX in the modern era: transplantation, ablation, open surgery or minimally invasive surgery? -A multidisciplinary personalized decision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recanalization of @entity438 is a limitation of bare @entity902 coils (BPCs). In a @entity1707 @entity439 model, @entity6886 / @entity1989 (a polymer)-coated @entity902 coils (Matrix) accelerated clot @entity82 and reduced recanalization rate and aneurysmal volume. We aimed to evaluate the safety of Matrix coils in @entity1 with @entity438 . METHODS: This is a single-center, prospective study of @entity1 with @entity438 treated with Matrix alone or in combination with BPCs. Follow-up evaluation included a 1-month clinical evaluation and a 6- and 12-month clinical and angiographic examination. Primary adverse events included @entity204 , @entity64 , and permanent @entity51 . RESULTS: Between May 2002 and January 2004, 52 @entity1 (range 34 to 79 years of age; 38 females) were treated for 54 @entity439 (size 7.9+/-4.6 mm; neck 3.9+/-1.5 mm; 26 @entity397 ). Matrix alone was used in 13 @entity439 . In 39, we used a combination of Matrix and BPCs. Twenty-one @entity439 had a 6-month follow-up examination (11 Matrix; 10 Matrix combined with bare @entity902 ), and 11 completed the 12-month follow-up evaluation (Matrix only). Adverse events not related to the procedure were 2 deaths ( @entity1756 ) and 1 @entity64 at day 10 postcoiling secondary to @entity2553 . Procedure-related adverse events were 2 strokes. At 6-month follow-up (n=21) evaluation, 2 of 3 recanalizations needed retreatment. At 12-month follow-up (n=11), there was no recanalization in @entity1 treated with Matrix alone and no significant reduction in aneurysmal size. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6886 / @entity1989 -coated coils had a satisfactory safety profile. Significant @entity439 after coiling was not observed.

title: @entity6886 / @entity1989 -coated @entity902 coils for XXXX with @entity397 and @entity438 : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured basilar aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1989 :: ('CHEBI:60159', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactide']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolide', 'Polyglycolide']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysmal size reduction', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms', 'cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Reverse flow in the internal thoracic artery (ITA) after coronary bypass surgery due to an @entity432 or severe @entity850 of the subclavian artery is a rare situation. Symptoms can be recurrent and intermittent @entity951 in the case of a coronary-subclavian steal (CSSS) or-in addition with cerebral symptoms-in the case of a @entity19820 ( @entity19820 ). METHOD: We describe the cases of four @entity1 with recurrent @entity951 5, 11, and 14 years as well as directly after coronary bypass surgery with LITA grafts to LAD. In two @entity1 there was the additional aspect of vertebral steal symptoms with @entity1296 and intermittent drop attacks. RESULTS: A PTA of the subclavian occlusions in three cases was not feasible, so that three @entity1 were operated on by extrathoracal approach and carotido-subclavian bypass (CSB) in two cases, and local thrombendarteriectomy of the @entity5525 (TEA)+ -patchplasty in one case. @entity1 4 was treated by @entity865 and stent placement into the subclavian artery. Antegrade flow in all four LITAs could be achieved resulting in immediate relief from @entity951 and cerebral symptoms. @entity1 1 and 3 showed no further symptoms with equal BP of the upper extremities and anterograde flow in the LITA grafts and vertebral artery at 10-month follow-up. @entity1 2 unfortunately died from an unrelated cause ( @entity748 state) 4 months after the operation despite an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of a CSSS or @entity19820 after coronary bypass surgery with retrograde flow in the ITA graft (as described in our four @entity1 ) is a rare, but potentially hazardous, situation. If the @entity432 is not amenable to endovascular strategies, the extrathoracal approach by CSB or local @entity1041 and patchplasty provides an excellent means with good midterm and long-term results.

title: The @entity19820 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian and vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity19820 :: ('MESH:D058686', 'Disease') :: ['coronary-subclavian-vertebral steal syndrome', 'CSVSS']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion', 'subclavian occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity19820 :: (MESH:D058686,Disease) :: ['CSVSS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the applicability of @entity505 ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for unresectable @entity242 with regard to normal tissue morbidity and @entity5 control. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From May 1997 to February 2006, 24 @entity1 (17 male and 7 female) with unresectable @entity242 received CIRT. Age ranged from 16 to 77 years (median, 48.6 years). Of the @entity1 , 16 had @entity66 and 8 recurrent disease. Histologic diagnoses were as follows: @entity1418 in 6, @entity1821 in 3, malignant @entity1263 in 3, Ewing/primitive @entity4969 (PNET) in 2, and miscellaneous in 10 @entity1 . The histologic grades were as follows: Grade 3 in 15, Grade 2-3 in 2, Grade 2 in 3, and unknown in 4. Clinical target volumes ranged between 57 cm(3) and 1,194 cm(3) (median 525 cm(3)). The delivered @entity505 ion dose ranged from 52.8 to 73.6 GyE in 16 fixed fractions over 4 weeks. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 36 months (range, 6-143 months). The overall survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 75% and 50%, respectively. The local control rates at 2 and 5 years were 77% and 69%. No complications of the gastrointestinal tract were encountered. No other @entity137 greater than Grade 2 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Use of CIRT is suggested to be effective and safe for @entity242 . The results obtained with CIRT were a good overall survival rate and local control, notwithstanding the fact that most @entity1 were not eligible for surgical resection and had high-grade @entity242 .

title: XXXX ion radiotherapy for unresectable @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'retroperitoneal sarcoma', 'retroperitoneal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: Interventions to modify cardiovascular risk factors have the greatest benefit in individuals at greatest risk of a cardiovascular event, not necessarily those with the most extreme levels of any particular risk factor. @entity1 with @entity455 are readily identified, but risk calculation in those without disease provides a way of integrating several risk factors to identify individuals at greatest risk. Equations have been derived from different epidemiological studies (Framingham, PROCAM, etc.) to estimate the risk of different clinical end-points [ @entity301 ( @entity301 ) or @entity65 ( @entity65 )]. Some algorithms have been adapted to produce risk charts' or 'tables'; others have been modified to incorporate additional risk factors. Current UK guidelines all endorse calculation of @entity301 risk using the Framingham algorithm. This predicts risk well for some North European populations but less reliably in low-risk populations. It does not incorporate some risk factors, including serum @entity1674 , family history, @entity1851 , or @entity1255 . Risk calculation should not be used in those with evidence of @entity455 , @entity74 or a strong family history of @entity301 , and should be interpreted with caution in non-Caucasians. Measurement of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 is essential for accurate risk calculation. This has significant cost and workload implications for the laboratory. The way a laboratory reports results should be designed in such a way as to facilitate simple and accurate risk calculation.

title: HDL- XXXX and cardiac disease: which table to use?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic hyperlipidaemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity810 may occur with many analgesics. Acute effects on the kidney occur mainly with @entity117 and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). One of the most obvious effects in healthy individuals is fluid retention which is thought to be mediated through inhibition of the renal effects of @entity2918 . Aspirin and NSAIDs also cause a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow and although these changes may occur in healthy individuals they are more pronounced in high @entity916 states and in @entity1 with pre-existing @entity8 . Clinical syndromes associated with the renal effects of NSAIDs include @entity4 , @entity810 and the @entity1985 . Advanced age, dehydration, concurrent diuretic use and pre-existing @entity8 are risk factors for these syndromes. Chronic effects of non-narcotic analgesics on the kidney were suspected before their acute effects became apparent. The key chronic @entity8 attributed to prolonged ingestion of non-narcotic analgesics is @entity5720 . The incidence of analgesic-associated @entity5720 in different countries has generally paralleled the national regular use of analgesics. Although @entity8169 was widely implicated as the cause of @entity5720 , there is now increasing evidence that aspirin and other NSAIDs may cause @entity5720 in @entity1 who have not taken @entity8169 . There is some evidence that this problem is reduced by legislative control of over-the-counter sales. @entity5 have also been attributed to chronic abuse of analgesic mixtures. Such @entity5 are characterised by a reversal of the usual sex ratio, being more common in females.

title: XXXX of non-narcotic analgesics. At-risk @entity1 and prescribing applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesion in the kidney', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Uroepithelial tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['renal papillary necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute and chronic renal damage', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity8169 :: ('MESH:D010615', 'Chemical') :: ['phenacetin']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of immune suppressive drugs for organ transplant recipients predisposes them to @entity1292 , especially by fungal agents. @entity19141 jiroveci, as an opportunistic pathogen, endangers the @entity1 ' life in those with @entity1200 . Early detection of latent @entity19141 in susceptible @entity1 may help choose the optimal treatment for these @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify and determine the colonization of latent P. jiroveci infection among lung transplant recipients. @entity1 AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on lung transplant recipients. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens were collected from 32 @entity1 undergoing bronchoscopy. The samples were aseptically homogenized by 10 mM @entity3902 , and their DNA was extracted. The mtLSUrRNA gene of P. jiroveci was amplified using nested PCR in two stages. Nested PCR was performed using external primers of pAZ-102-E and pAZ102-H followed by using the PCR product of the first stage and internal primers of pAZ-102-E and pAZ102-L2. RESULTS: The genome of P. jiroveci was revealed by a 346 bp PCR product in the initial amplification and a 120 bp product in the nested PCR. The results showed that seven BAL specimens (21.9%) from lung transplant recipients were positive for P. jiroveci. CONCLUSIONS: In molecular epidemiology studies, nested PCR has higher sensitivity than PCR. Results of this study support the colonization of P. jiroveci in @entity1 receiving lung transplantation. @entity1 who are carriers of P. jiroveci are at a higher risk of P. jiroveci @entity55 .

title: The Prevalence of XXXX jiroveci in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens of Lung Transplant Recipients Examined by the Nested PCR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune system disorders']

entities_list: @entity19141 :: ('MESH:D016720', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis infection', 'Pneumocystis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity19141 :: (MESH:D016720,Disease) :: ['Pneumocystis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apremilast, a small-molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, works intracellularly to modulate proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediator production, and doses of 20 mg twice daily have shown efficacy in the treatment of moderate to severe @entity1569 in a 12-week phase 2 study. We assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of different doses of apremilast in the treatment of @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 . METHODS: In this phase 2b, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study, @entity1 (aged >= 18 years) with moderate to severe @entity1569 were randomly assigned (in a 1:1:1:1 ratio) to receive oral placebo or apremilast 10, 20, or 30 mg twice daily at 35 US and Canadian sites between Sept 24, 2008, and Oct 21, 2009. At week 16, @entity1 in the placebo group were assigned apremilast 20 or 30 mg twice daily until week 24. Randomisation was generated with a permuted-block randomisation list via interactive voice response system. For the first 16 weeks, treatment assignment was concealed from both investigators and @entity1 . During weeks 16-24, investigators and @entity1 all knew that treatment was active, but the dose was concealed. The primary endpoint was the proportion of @entity1 achieving at least 75% reduction from baseline @entity1569 area and severity index (PASI-75) at week 16. Analyses were by intention to treat; missing values were imputed by last-observation-carried-forward. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00773734. FINDINGS: 89 @entity1 were randomly assigned apremilast 10 mg, 87 apremilast 20 mg, and 88 apremilast 30 mg twice daily; 88 were assigned placebo. At week 16, PASI-75 was achieved in five @entity1 (6%) assigned placebo, ten (11%) assigned apremilast 10 mg, 25 (29%) assigned 20 mg, and 36 (41%) assigned 30 mg. @entity25689 10 mg did not differ significantly from placebo in achievement of the endpoint (odds ratio 2  10; 95% CI 0  69-6  42); for both apremilast 20 mg (6  69; 2  43-18  5; p<0  0001) and @entity25689 30 mg (11  5; 4  24-31  2; p<0  0001), the differences from placebo were significant. Most adverse events (96%) were mild or moderate; at least 5% of @entity1 had @entity390 , @entity1729 , @entity294 , @entity11266 , @entity10 , @entity4841 (placebo), @entity1902 , or @entity2210 . Eight serious adverse events occurred (three each, placebo and apremilast 20 mg; two, apremilast 30 mg); none were judged to be related to apremilast. Apremilast had no apparent effect on the results of haematological, urinalysis, immunological or @entity32 , serum chemistry, or electrocardiographic tests. INTERPRETATION: Apremilast, given orally at 20 or 30 mg twice daily, seems to be efficacious, safe, and tolerable for @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 . Our results support continuing, longer-term studies. FUNDING: Celgene Corporation.

title: Efficacy of apremilast in the treatment of moderate to severe XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity25689 :: ('MESH:C505730', 'Chemical') :: ['Apremilast', 'apremilast']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The magnitude of the survival benefit of @entity6023 as adjuvant chemotherapy for early @entity0 is still unclear. A pooled analysis of Phase III trials was performed to assess the advantages that adjuvant @entity3907 chemotherapy has over standard chemotherapy. METHODS: All Phase III trials were considered eligible. A pooled analysis was accomplished and event-based relative risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were derived. The significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were explored. Magnitude outcome measures were absolute benefits and the number of @entity1 needed to treat. A heterogeneity test was applied as well. A sensitivity analysis in 6 subpopulations was also performed. RESULTS: Nine trials designed to assess if @entity1311 or @entity1205 improve survival (15,598 @entity1 ) were gathered. One of the 9 trials did not report @entity1349 results. Significant differences in favor of @entity6023 were seen in DFS in the overall (RR: 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81-0.90 [P<.00001]) and lymph node-positive population (RR: 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.89 [P<.0001]), and in @entity1349 in the overall (RR: 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.83 [P<.0001]) and lymph node-positive population (RR: 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.92 [P<.0001]). The absolute benefits in DFS and @entity1349 in favor of @entity6023 ranged from 3.3% to 4.6% and from 2.0% to 2.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Considering all the available Phase III trials, @entity3907 -based adjuvant chemotherapy for early @entity0 seems to add a significant benefit in both DFS and @entity1349 over standard chemotherapy. The lack of significant heterogeneity in the sensitivity analysis underscores the homogeneous effect across all trials.

title: Benefit of @entity6023 as adjuvant chemotherapy for early XXXX : pooled analysis of 15,500 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ) affects diverse aspects of a @entity1 's life and there is not an optimal treatment. We did a comparative study of clinical improvement of @entity3949 with @entity2049 versus @entity3522 . METHODS: a prospective and longitudinal study of two groups with signs and symptoms of @entity3949 was done. One group had 30 @entity1 who used @entity2049 with an initial dose of 200 mg, every 24 hours for one week, with a gradual increase of up to 200 mg every 6 hours for 10 months. The other group had 29 @entity1 who used @entity3522 100 mg every 12 hours. Bimonthly evaluations were made to graduate the @entity158 according to the @entity1 ' perception and laboratory studies that included @entity413 and lipids profile. The statistical test used was ANOVA. RESULTS: the @entity1 who used @entity2049 presented absence of @entity158 after 10 months compared with the @entity3522 group (p < 0.01). The presence of cramps, muscular strength, pulses, perception of temperature and pressure improved significantly (p < 0.05) with the use of @entity2049 . On the other hand, muscular strength, tact and perception of temperature were deteriorated with the use of @entity3522 . CONCLUSIONS: it is important to provide the appropriate treatment to @entity6 @entity1 with @entity3949 .

title: [Clinical improvement of @entity3949 with XXXX or @entity3522 treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: We present a @entity1 on @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) discovered to have a @entity1911 . A thorough workup pertaining his @entity2922 status was performed, and intraoperative @entity2922 changes were monitored. This condition poses some analytical difficulties as both interpretation of plasma @entity2922 measurements and determination of their metabolic products are impaired. The literature about @entity2661 with respect to hemodialysis is reviewed, and the known cases of @entity1911 in @entity1162 @entity1 are discussed. Predialysis @entity1063 concentrations were almost consistently elevated though less than 3-fold when compared to normal controls. @entity1425 is not significantly different in both groups. At least a 3.3-fold increase of @entity1425 or @entity1063 in @entity1162 @entity1 with @entity1911 is observed. We conclude that plasma epinephrine elevations can be evaluated in the conventional manner, and @entity1063 concentrations beyond a 3-fold elevation should raise the suspicion of a pathological @entity6153 excess syndrome. The interpretation of plasma @entity4926 and @entity17081 in this condition is complicated by the lack of data in @entity1162 @entity1 without @entity1911 . Markedly elevated baseline concentrations for these parameters are assumed.

title: Diagnostic considerations in XXXX and chronic hemodialysis: case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'adrenal pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanillylmandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['LTH', 'long-term hemodialysis']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: This study evaluated the effect of notchplasty (enlargement of the @entity6804 ) in stable and unstable @entity235 stifles. Bilateral notchplasty and unilateral cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) transection were performed in 6 @entity235 . Exercise, consisting of walking 1.5 miles three times a week, began 1 month after surgery and continued until euthanasia 6 months after surgery. Evaluation methods included orthopedic examination, serial radiographs, thin section radiography, histopathology, and gross pathology. Notchplasty in the stable stifle did not cause @entity1273 beyond 3 weeks, joint instability, or @entity179 . In the stable stifle, smooth resurfacing of the notchplasty site with fibrous and osseous tissue occurred. Stifles with notchplasty and CrCL transection exhibited persistent @entity1273 , instability, and @entity179 . In CrCL @entity5040 formed within the notchplasty site, resulting in a rough surface. Our observations indicated significant refilling in notchplasties of both stable and unstable stifles (P < .05). However, the @entity6804 ( @entity6804 ) width 6 months after notchplasty was significantly smaller in unstable stifles compared with stable stifles (P < .05) indicating that greater refilling of the notchplasties occurred in the unstable stifles. In clinical cases, notchplasty should be larger than the desired final result to accomodate the partial refilling that occurs even in stable stifles.

title: The effect of intercondylar notchplasty on the normal XXXX stifle.

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['ICF', 'intercondylar fossa']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['deficient stifles osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative joint disease']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Sixty-eight @entity1 with @entity5 were divided into two groups based on the results of the platelet @entity5582 test (PAT). The normal group had a PAT clotting time ranging from 21.4 to 29.8 seconds, which was equivalent to 25% to 65% inactivation of the 2 U of thrombin added to the test system. The other group showed abnormal PAT clotting time, less than 21.4 seconds or less than 25% thrombin inactivation. The polypeptide composition of platelets from the two @entity1 groups was analyzed by @entity3208 ( @entity214 )-electrophoresis on 7.5% @entity2975 gels. A polypeptide of 180,000 apparent mol wt was decreased or absent in both Coomassie blue- and Alcian blue-stained gels of the platelets from @entity1 whose PAT was abnormal; this polypeptide comigrated with purified platelet thrombospondin. @entity4463 labeling of platelet surface glycoproteins by the periodate- @entity8952 method followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed on platelets of seven @entity1 with abnormal PAT. When they were compared with ten @entity1 with normal PAT, a glycoprotein of 140,000 apparent mol wt with a pl of 4.5 to 5.2 was decreased in platelets of all seven @entity1 with abnormal PAT. @entity12142 replicas of one-dimensional gels of platelets from 13 of 14 @entity1 with abnormal PAT showed decreased reaction with an anti-human platelet glycocalicin antiserum. Platelets of these same @entity1 also showed a @entity1423 induced by @entity8325 . @entity1 with normal PAT had a mean agglutination slope of 1.25 +/- 0.6 (n = 26) as compared with 0.37 +/- 0.34 (n = 26) for the abnormal PAT group (P less than .001). Results indicate that platelets from a subpopulation of @entity5 @entity1 characterized by decreased platelet @entity5582 activity have alterations in two platelet glycoproteins, identified as GPIb and thrombospondin.

title: Platelet XXXX defect in @entity5 : platelet protein alterations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity8952 :: ('CHEBI:30157', 'Chemical') :: ['borohydride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['decreased or absent platelet agglutination']

entities_list: @entity8325 :: ('MESH:D012310', 'Chemical') :: ['ristocetin']

entities_list: @entity4463 :: ('CHEBI:29304', 'Chemical') :: ['Tritium']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity12142 :: ('CHEBI:53325', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrocellulose']

answer: @entity5582 :: (462,Gene) :: ['antithrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Impairment of cerebrovascular autoregulation may promote @entity1545 in acute brain insults. Until now, only limited data are available on autoregulation in @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1779 . In the current study, we aimed to investigate cerebrovascular reactivity and its significance for outcome in spontaneous @entity1779 . METHODS: We continuously recorded mean arterial pressure, intracranial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure for mean 95 hours in 20 @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1779 . The moving correlation coefficient between mean arterial pressure and intracranial pressure (pressure reactivity index), an index of cerebral vasoreactivity, was calculated from the available artifact-free monitoring time (mean, 50.4 hours). RESULTS: In the univariate analysis pressure reactivity index (r=0.66; P=0.002), @entity548 volume (r=0.62; P=0.007), cerebral perfusion pressure (r=-0.71; P=0.001), mean arterial pressure (r=-0.61; P=0.005), and @entity1410 growth (r=0.53; P=0.02) significantly correlated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score at discharge. In a multivariate stepwise linear regression model, pressure reactivity index remained the only independent predictor of outcome (beta=0.659; P=0.004). In the subgroup of @entity1 with pressure reactivity index greater than a functional threshold of >0.2, the correlation between mean cerebral perfusion pressure and outcome remained significant (r=-0.73; P=0.0102), whereas National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score at discharge did not correlate with cerebral perfusion pressure in @entity1 with pressure reactivity index <0.2 (r=-0.05; P=0.9078). CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence for @entity73 as measured by pressure reactivity index in @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1779 . We suggest that impaired cerebrovascular reactivity contributes to poor outcome in @entity1779 @entity1 . This effect may be mediated by fluctuations in cerebral perfusion.

title: XXXX in spontaneous @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['secondary brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cerebral vasomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Impaired cerebral vasomotor activity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the case of a @entity1 with @entity732 ( @entity732 ) and concomitant @entity4616 ( @entity4616 ), which was first diagnosed during the evaluation of @entity732 . METHODS: A 35-year-old @entity1 presented with blurred vision in the left eye for 2 days. His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/6 in the right eye and 6/12 in the left eye. He had no ophthalmic or medical history. RESULTS: Ophthalmologic examination revealed a left inferior @entity732 , confirmed by @entity941 angiography. The @entity1 underwent a thorough diagnostic workup. Cardiologic examination with transesophageal echocardiography revealed a right-to-left shunt across a @entity4616 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity1397 and at the 15-day review, BCVA in his left eye was 6/7.5 and the retinal @entity4 was resolved, as detected on optical coherence tomography, but relative afferent @entity2300 was persistent. The @entity1 had developed no other embolic event at the 9-month follow-up, having undergone an operation for @entity4616 repair. CONCLUSIONS: Patent foramen ovale, although usually asymptomatic, should be considered among the potential causes of @entity732 , especially in young @entity1 . Prompt diagnosis and liaison with cardiologists is important to help prevent @entity887 and associated morbidity.

title: Undiagnosed XXXX as a rare cause for @entity732 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['ocular or systemic embolic events']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['BRAO', 'branch retinal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale', 'PFO']

answer: @entity4616 :: (MESH:D054092,Disease) :: ['patent foramen ovale']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of these two pilot studies using animal @entity154 models was to evaluate the influence of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and proportion of @entity692 (HA)/ @entity13065 ( @entity28687 ) in biphasic @entity78 (BCP) graft on new bone formation. METHODS: In this study, four kinds of @entity79 materials known for bone growth scaffold, OSTEON   II(HA: @entity28687 30:70), OSTEON   III (HA: @entity28687 20:80), OSTEON   II Collagen, and OSTEON   III Collagen, were prepared as BCP graft materials. In pilot study 1, three BCP materials (OSTEON   II, OSTEON   III, and OSTEON   II Collagen) were grafted in @entity95 @entity9332 after impregnating in rhBMP-2. OSTEON   II without the rhBMP-2 impregnation was included in the study as the control. The amount of new bone was examined and measured histologically at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. In pilot study 2, four BCP materials (OSTEON   II, OSTEON   III, OSTEON   II Collagen, and OSTEON   III Collagen) were grafted in @entity235 mandibular defects after soaking in the rhBMP-2. The amount of total bone and new bone were measured three-dimensionally using microCT and healing process was examined histologically at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. RESULTS: In pilot study 1, rhBMP-2 impregnated groups showed more new bone formation than the rhBMP-2 free group. In pilot study 2, increased new bone formation was observed in time-dependent manner after graft of BCP and BCP-collagen (OSTEON   II, OSTEON   III, OSTEON   II Collagen, and OSTEON   III Collagen) impregnated with rhBMP-2. Also, BCP with a higher proportion of HA (30% HA) showed more favorable result in new bone formation and space maintenance, especially at the 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: From the results of the pilot studies, rhBMP-2 played positive roles in new bone formation and BCP could become a scaffold candidate for rhBMP-2 impregnation to induce new bone formation. Moreover, BCP with a higher proportion of HA (30% HA) could be considered more appropriate for rhBMP-2 carrier.

title: Influence of bone morphogenetic protein and proportion of @entity692 on new bone formation in biphasic XXXX graft: Two pilot studies in animal @entity154 model.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defect']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial defects']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['synthetic osteoconductive bone']

entities_list: @entity13065 :: ('MESH:C485817', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-tricalcium phosphate']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: Sixty-six South African Landrace gilts were used in the experiments. At the age of 21 weeks, 47 of the @entity1707 were challenged with @entity1508 exposure. As a result 17 of the @entity1707 died, and were classified @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ), whereas the 30 survivors were classified stress resistant (SR). The other 19 @entity1707 were subjected to treadmill exercise. Four of the exercised @entity1707 died. The @entity1707 that survived the treadmill exercise were later exposed to @entity1508 . The @entity1707 that died as a result of the @entity1508 exposure (n = 5) or the treadmill exercise (n = 4), were classified @entity1642 (n = 9) and the survivors as SR (n = 10). A biopsy of the M. semitendinosus was used for measurement of difference in muscle @entity880 , @entity855 , @entity3776 , @entity1734 , @entity413 and glycogen concentrations. The results show that in all @entity1707 exercise resulted in the higher stimulation of glycogenolysis than did @entity1508 exposure. However, @entity1642 @entity1707 overall showed a greater stimulation of glycogenolysis and glycolysis and general anaerobic metabolism, compared to SR @entity1707 . Under @entity1508 exposure, glycogenolysis and anaerobic metabolism were stimulated in the @entity1642 @entity1707 to a much greater extent than in SR @entity1707 , with significant differences between all the muscle metabolites determined. However, treadmill exercise, although sufficient to cause @entity204 in some @entity1707 , resulted only in significantly higher @entity880 and @entity3776 concentrations. SR @entity1707 exposed to @entity1508 had significantly higher @entity855 , @entity1734 and glycogen concentrations, but a lower @entity413 concentration than exercised SR @entity1707 , indicating less severe stimulation of glycogenolysis by @entity1508 than exercise. No significant differences were found in the determined muscle metabolites in @entity1642 @entity1707 exposed to @entity1508 compared to exercised @entity1642 @entity1707 . In conclusion, these differences suggest that different mechanisms of stimulation of metabolism on exposure to @entity1508 and exercise may exist, although both types of stress cause stimulation of glycogenolysis.

title: A comparison of some muscle metabolites in @entity1642 and resistant Landrace gilts after XXXX exposure or exercise stress.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'stress susceptible']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity1508 :: (MESH:D006221,Chemical) :: ['halothane']


abstract: Observations on experimental models suggest that diffuse cortical hyperexcitability is an important abnormality in the generalized @entity302 . We used the threshold for transcranial magnetic stimulation as an index of motor cortical excitability in 89 neurologically normal control subjects and 56 @entity1 with @entity3762 (20 untreated and 36 chronically treated with anticonvulsants). Magnetic stimulation was repeated in 10 @entity1 after @entity1092 monotherapy had been commenced and in 23 control subjects. The threshold intensity was significantly lower in the untreated @entity1 (46 +/- 5% [mean +/- 95% confidence interval]) than in the control subjects (56 +/- 2%). Treated @entity1 had significantly higher thresholds (64 +/- 4%) than did untreated @entity1 and control subjects. A significant increase in threshold intensity (8 +/- 2%) occurred in @entity1 retested after starting @entity1092 ; there was no significant change in retested control subjects (-1 +/- 2%). Threshold intensity was positively correlated with plasma @entity1092 levels (rs = 0.37). The findings suggest that cortical excitability is increased in @entity3762 and is reduced following anticonvulsant treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is of use in examining the pathophysiology of @entity6191 . Furthermore, changes in threshold intensity in response to anticonvulsant treatment may prove useful in guiding therapy.

title: Magnetic stimulation of the brain in XXXX : reversal of cortical hyperexcitability by anticonvulsants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['generalized epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy']

answer: @entity6191 :: (MESH:D004829,Disease) :: ['generalized epilepsy']


abstract: Inhaled corticosteroids are highly effective in the treatment of @entity565 at all ages and their use in younger @entity1 is increasing. As concerns exist about the long-term systemic side-effects of high dose inhaled corticosteroids, current guidelines continue to recommend @entity9992 (SCG) as first line regular medication for @entity1 with frequent symptoms. Few published studies have compared the safety and efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids with SCG in @entity1 . This study compares SCG with the new inhaled @entity228 , @entity5023 (FP), which has theoretical advantages over other currently available corticosteroids due to its negligible oral bioavailability. This was a randomized, open, multi-centre, parallel group comparison of 50 micrograms FP twice daily and 20 mg SCG four times daily over 8 weeks, preceded by a 2-week baseline period. Sixty-two general practices and two hospital centres enrolled 225 asthmatic @entity1 aged 4-12 years (110 received FP; 115 received SCG). Outcome measures improved in both groups, with a significant difference in favour of FP for the key variables of mean morning and evening % predicted PEFR and % of symptom-free days and nights. No significant difference was observed for FEV1, or relief medication use. Two @entity1 taking FP and 10 @entity1 taking SCG withdrew because of adverse events. This study showed that low dose FP was effective and superior to SCG in young @entity1 with mild-moderate @entity565 . Safety studies of longer duration are needed before changing the current recommendations for inhaled corticosteroid therapy.

title: Comparison of @entity5023 and @entity9992 for the treatment of childhood XXXX (an open parallel group study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The profile of recurrent @entity385 has not been much investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the therapeutic strategies recommended for secondary prevention after an @entity385 are implemented in the real world of clinical practice. All @entity1 admitted for a recurrent @entity385 or @entity4905 were prospectively registered. The etiology was determined according to the TOAST classification. The risk factors and cardiovascular treatment at the time of the recurrence were recorded. A total of 168 @entity1 were evaluated. Most of the @entity1 (61%) recurred after 1 year. The recurrent @entity64 was not associated with a particular etiological subtype. The most frequent risk factor was @entity101 (79%), followed by @entity1007 (43%), smoking (25%), and @entity6 (22%). Most of the @entity1 had more than 1 risk factor (84%). @entity101 was not satisfactorily controlled in 38% of @entity1 , @entity1007 in 42%, and @entity6 in 59%. A significant minority of @entity1 (15%) were not taking any antithrombotic agent despite a history of @entity64 or @entity4905 . Only 34% of the cases with a known @entity955 were on anticoagulant therapy and the International Normalized Ratio was < 2.0 in 71% of them. In conclusion, @entity64 prevention needs to be improved by better implementation of therapeutic strategies in clinical practice. The @entity1 should also be better informed about target values as well as the importance of physical activity and smoking cessation.

title: Risk factors and treatment of XXXX at the time of recurrence.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: The central nervous system manifestations in @entity2314 ( @entity2314 ) include progressive @entity62 ( @entity62 ) and @entity64 . Due to progressive microvascular involvement, @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2314 over 35 years of age develop @entity62 . Moreover, the prevalence of @entity64 has been estimated to be 12 times higher in @entity2314 compared with the general population. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available and has shown beneficial effects on renal, cardiac, and peripheral nerve function in @entity2314 , but the ERT effect on the progression of @entity62 , or the reduction in cerebrovascular events, remains unknown. Methods: The WML burden and the effect of agalsidase beta 1 mg/kg biweekly on WML progression were assessed longitudinally in a Phase 4 agalsidase-beta placebo-controlled analysis of untreated and treated @entity2314 @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity8 (serum creatinine measurements of >= 1.2 mg/dl and <3.0 mg/dl). The primary end point was the difference in the number of @entity1 with increased WML burden between the agalsidase beta and placebo groups at the end of treatment. The diameters of the @entity62 were determined manually using axial flow-attenuated-inversion-recovery-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans taken at baseline and follow-up. Results: MRI scans from 41 @entity2314 @entity1 (mean age 43.9, age range 20-68, 3 females; n = 25 on ERT, n = 16 on placebo) were analyzed. WML burden was present in 63% of @entity1 at baseline, increased over a mean of 27 months (range 12-33 months) follow-up, and correlated with @entity4346 (LVPW). @entity1 with previous or recent strokes (n = 11, 39-68 years) showed an increase in the number of @entity62 (p = 0.005). A greater proportion of younger @entity1 ( <=50 years) on ERT (n = 18) had stable WML burden compared with younger @entity1 in the placebo group (n = 13): 44% (8 of 18) versus 31% (4 of 13), p = 0.014. The number needed to treat was 8. Conclusions: This @entity2314 @entity1 cohort, with mild-to-moderate @entity8 , had a significant WML burden and high inter-individual variability associated with the degree of LVPW but not the degree of @entity8 . These advanced @entity1 with increased LVPW and @entity64 evidence may have had a higher cerebrovascular risk. The WML burden in @entity1 on ERT was more likely to remain stable, compared with @entity1 on placebo. Thus, ERT may reduce the progression of @entity455 , even in advanced @entity2314 @entity1 , suggesting that early treatment may stabilize WML progression and @entity64 risk.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Enzyme Replacement Therapy Stabilized White Matter Lesion Progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal involvement', 'kidney dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry disease', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'WMLs']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry Disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of a modified Odkvist titration protocol of intratympanic @entity801 application in the control of vertigo attacks and the effects on the auditory and vestibular function in a group of 71 @entity1 affected by @entity601 resistant to medical therapy. All the @entity1 underwent an intratympanic administration of a 1-ml solution containing 26.6 mg of @entity801 . The treatment protocol provided one to three injections for a total amount of @entity801 varying from 26.6 to 80 mg. Five days after the first @entity801 administration, cochlear and vestibular function tests were performed. The worsening of the PTA greater than 15 dB, the appearance of clinical signs of vestibulotoxicity such as imbalance or persistent spontaneous nystagmus beating away from the injected ear or of a "curative vertigo" were the criteria taken into consideration to stop the treatment. In the absence of any sign, a second and third injection were performed. The presence of an unchanged frequency of the attacks at least 3 months after the previous cycle was the parameter considered to perform a second or third cycle. Seventeen (24%) @entity1 were submitted to a second cycle of therapy and two (3%) to a third cycle. After a mean follow-up period of 20.3 months (range: 3 to 48) all 71 @entity1 experienced good control of the vertigo attacks: grade A in 46 cases and grade B in 25 cases according to the AAO-HNS CoHE criteria. The pure tone average (PTA) hearing threshold (500-3,000 Hz) worsened in 19 @entity1 , improved in 5 and was unchanged in 47. On the basis of the experience acquired during the treatment, we progressively decreased the number of injections from 3/cycle to a 1-2/cycle of therapy. Moreover, in the later phase of the study re-injections were administered 1 or 2 weeks after the previous application and avoided in the presence of signs of @entity308 of the vestibular and/or cochlear function. A residual caloric excitability was found in 30% of the cases. Vertigo control doesn't seem to be linked to the achievement of vestibular inexcitability. The marker of successful @entity801 treatment at short-term is the appearance of signs of curative vertigo and/or vestibular imbalance, and at long-term the disappearance of vertigo attacks.

title: Intratympanic XXXX in monolateral Meniere's disease: our experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'gentamicin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['monolateral MD']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the factors influencing parents seeking reasonable managements for their @entity1 and their overall outlook toward @entity15091 ( @entity15091 ). STUDY DESIGN: We recruited 93 @entity1 with @entity15091 from enuresis clinics and requested their parents to complete questionnaires regarding their @entity1 's medical history and behavior, their methods for coping with @entity15091 , and their perception of enuresis. @entity2357 models were applied to investigate factors influencing the parents to adopt a positive approach toward enuresis and to subsequently seek a medical consultation. RESULTS: One-third of the parents had an encouraging attitude toward @entity1 with @entity15091 , whereas slightly less than half reacted with anger. The more educated the father or the younger the @entity1 with NE, the larger the possibility of the parents utilizing a positive approach, such as encouragement, for coping with NE. Factors that influenced parents to seek medical consultation for NE were socioeconomic status, maternal educational level, and the age and birth order of their @entity1 . DISCUSSION: From our results, angry and frustrated parents (43.0%) were significantly more likely to punish their @entity1 for bedwetting than were parents who approached NE positively (comfort and encouragement; 33.3%). A lack of encouragement may negatively affect the self-esteem of @entity1 with NE. Moreover, an individual's self-esteem or confidence, both of which can help them eliminate NE, determines the @entity1 's behavioral response to bedwetting. In our study, approximately 50% of the parents who approached NE positively (comfort and encouragement) or inconsistently (ambivalence) reported that they comforted their @entity1 after bedwetting. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half the parents reacted angrily to @entity1 with NE, and some parents even punished their @entity1 . The parents' socioeconomic background, education, and the age and birth order of the @entity1 were the factors associated with their seeking active treatment for NE. A father's education and young age of the @entity1 were factors that influenced parents who preferred positive approaches, such as encouragement, for coping with NE.

title: Parental perception and factors associated with treatment strategies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity15091 :: ('MESH:D053206', 'Disease') :: ['primary nocturnal enuresis', 'PNE']

answer: @entity15091 :: (MESH:D053206,Disease) :: ['primary nocturnal enuresis']


abstract: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) isolated from the oral cavity of healthy @entity1 volunteers, spontaneously generated @entity224 , @entity842 (NO) and other reactive @entity26 species (ROS) which exhibited strong @entity6931 chemiluminescence (LCL). To understand the physiological roles of oral PMN (OPMN), biochemical properties of the cells were analyzed. Biochemical analysis revealed that OPMN were already primed under physiological conditions. Western blot analysis revealed that they strongly expressed the inducible type of NO synthase (NOS II) and exhibited the activity to catalyze @entity669 phosphorylation of various proteins including a 115 kDa protein (cbl product). OPMN also generated @entity274 and .OH by some @entity224 dismutase (SOD)-sensitive mechanism and released @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ). Kinetic analysis using specific inhibitors revealed that @entity16973 - generated by OPMN was predominantly responsible for the enhanced LCL. During the incubation under standard culture conditions, OPMN underwent apoptosis which proceeded more rapidly than that of the circulating PMN (CPMN). Immunochemical analysis revealed that expression of apoptosis-related gene products, such as @entity588 , @entity1836 and @entity589 , was below detectable levels with both cell types. However, @entity522 but not @entity9302 was markedly activated in OPMN. These results indicate that the primed OPMN spontaneously generate ROS and play an important role in the defense mechanism in the oral cavity and that the generated ROS activate @entity522 thereby inducing apoptosis of the cells.

title: Biochemical properties of XXXX oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase', 'MPO']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess @entity1295 aspects in Moroccan @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and its relationships with disease-specific variables especially parameters of functional and structural severity. A total of 248 @entity1 with @entity309 were included. @entity1 ' and disease characteristics were identified. Disease activity was measured clinically using physical examination, biologically and by the disease activity scores (DAS28). Radiographs were evaluated by using Sharp's method as modified by van der Heijde. Functional disability was measured by using the Moroccan version of Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). @entity1200 and treatment (doses and duration) were identified. Fatigue was evaluated by using a 0-100 visual analogue scale (VAS @entity1295 ) and the multidimensional assessment of @entity1295 (MAF). Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the Arabic version of the generic instrument SF-36. The mean age of @entity1 was 47.5    11.7 years [25-72]; 37.5% of @entity1 had a high activity of disease and 11.3% were in remission. The mean Sharp score was 107.13    91, and the mean score of HAQ was 1.40    0.63. All domains of QoL were deteriorated; 89.51% of our @entity1 experienced @entity1295 . The mean total score of MAF was 30.21    11.32. A low level of education, low socioeconomic status, @entity9807 , hip involvement, the presence of a Sj  gren syndrome, and cigarette smoking had a negative impact on @entity1295 scores. The severity of @entity1295 was correlated with the duration of @entity309 , the intensity of joint @entity158 , the activity of disease, the importance of structural damage, the @entity73 , and the rate of anti-cyclic citrullinated protein (CCP) antibodies (P < 0.05). @entity1 receiving @entity1499 had better scores of @entity1295 . Also, severity of @entity1295 was correlated with the deterioration of all domains of QoL. Fatigue is a major issue for our @entity1 with @entity309 and must be included in the routine assessment of @entity1 . In our sample, @entity1295 appears to be related to disease activity, functional disability, structural damage, and immunological status and had a negative impact on QoL.

title: Fatigue and severity of XXXX in Moroccan @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['degree of functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['Immunological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial subluxation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']