abstract: We investigated the in vivo implications associated with the ex vivo expansion of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) preactivated @entity19 bone marrow (BM) grafts. Analysis of cultures established with BM cells collected 2 and 4 days after @entity1487 treatment (2d and 4d @entity1487 BM, respectively) and stimulated with @entity3019 + @entity58160 + @entity10898 resulted in the generation of samples highly enriched for colony-forming units granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GMs). This result was best shown in cultures established with 4d @entity1487 BM and incubated for 3 days with @entity3019 + @entity10898 ; in these samples up to 10% of the cellularity consisted of CFU-GMs. Analyses of the spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-S)12/CFU-S8 ratio revealed a continuous decline in this parameter during the expansion process, suggesting a predominant differentiation stimulus in the cultures. Transplantation of BM grafts into myeloablated recipients revealed a marked improvement in the short-term radioprotection capacity (30 days survival) of ex vivo expanded BM, which was most significant in the case of 3-day expanded grafts. In contrast to this finding, progressive impairment of the long-term radioprotection capacity of the grafts was found to be associated with the expansion process. Irrespective of the type of ex vivo manipulation used, a predominantly lymphohematopoietic repopulation by donor cells was observed in all recipients analyzed in the long term (4-7 months) posttransplantation. To investigate more thoroughly whether the repopulation ability of the grafts was modified to some extent during the ex vivo expansion process, BM competition assays were performed. The data obtained at 30 and 120 days posttransplantation indicated that under the best conditions assayed (4d @entity1487 BM expanded for 3 days with @entity3019 + @entity10898 ) almost no change in the competitive repopulation ability of the grafts was produced. However, when analysis was delayed to 300 days posttransplantation, a twofold reduction in the stem cell function of the expanded grafts was noted. Based on this data it is proposed that, under our experimental conditions, a significant expansion in the number of short-term repopulating progenitors is produced concomitantly with a differentiation stimulus of the culture, which moderately restricts the number and/or the longevity of the self-renewing stem cells.

title: Restrictions in the stem cell function of XXXX bone marrow grafts after ex vivo expansion of short-term repopulating progenitors.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Only a small part of visible gas @entity3137 can be removed by endoscopic resection. This study is aimed to identify incidence rate and associated risk factors of multiple and missed @entity1819 , and proper timing of follow-up en doscopy. METHODOLOGY: Endoscopic surveillance was performed on 1 week, and 1, 6, 12 months af ter endoscopic resection. All multiple @entity1819 were divided into main and accessory lesions. The accessory lesions were subdivided into detected and missed lesions. RESULTS: Totally, 250 lesions of 215 @entity1 were analyzed. There were 81 early @entity356 , 50 high grade @entity1141 and 119 low grade @entity1141 . Thirty @entity1 (14%) had multiple gastric @entity1313 , either @entity652 or @entity5 , within 1 year follow-up after endoscopic resection. Old age, male gender and severe intestinal metaplasia were independent risk factors of multiple @entity1819 . Small size ( <= 1 cm) and flat morphology were major risk factors of missed lesion. Among 10 missed lesions, 9 (90%) could be detected within 6 month after resection. CONCLUSIONS: Old age, male gender, severe intestinal metaplasia were risk factors for multiple @entity1819 after endoscopic resection. Follow-up endoscopy is needed at least one time within six months after resection, with careful inspection of entire stomach.

title: Risk factors associated with multiple and missed gastric XXXX after endoscopic resection: prospective study at a single institution in south Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['tric mucosal lesion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['neoplastic lesions']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the efficacy of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) submucosal anal injection in the treatment of advanced @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 (age 36-66 years; 21 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ; 20 @entity1 with stage T3N1M0 and 16 with T4N1M1 @entity5 ) were injected with @entity1500 in the anal submucosa. A comparative group of eight @entity1 (age 38-62 years: five @entity1 , three @entity1 ; four with T3N1M0 and four with T4N1M1 @entity5 ) was injected with @entity1500 intravenously. The dose in both groups was 100 mg every 5 days for five consecutive doses and the course was repeated at 3-week intervals. @entity1500 serum and @entity5 concentrations were estimated 30 and 60 min after @entity1500 injection. The @entity1 received @entity1500 as outpatients. RESULTS: In the anal group, six of 20 @entity1 with T3 @entity5 showed complete @entity5 regression and were alive 28-46 months after the start of the treatment. Partial response occurred in 25 @entity1 : 14 of stage T3 and 11 of T4. The 14 T3 @entity1 underwent combined excision operation and 9/14 were alive 26-68 months from the time of operation. Five of the 16 T4 @entity1 showed @entity5 and metastatic progression. Mild @entity137 occurred in six of 36 @entity1 while the haematological reserve was unchanged in all the @entity1 . All eight @entity1 in the parenteral group showed progress of the malignant lesions under treatment and toxic manifestations were so severe that the treatment had to be interrupted. The @entity1500 concentration in serum was significantly higher after parenteral than after anal injection, while in @entity5 tissue it was higher after anal administration. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that @entity1500 submucosal anal injection is effective in treatment of T3 @entity5 due to high @entity1500 concentration in the @entity5 . @entity137 was mild owing to low level of serum @entity1500 . The anal route of administration is safe, well tolerated and can be used on an outpatient basis.

title: Anal submucosal injection: a novel modality for the treatment of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The effect of the recombinant Notch ligand proteins @entity127 and @entity11591 on @entity1778 and @entity706 cells was examined. Four @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) cell lines were cultured in ligand-coated wells and control wells, with @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ), @entity632 , or @entity2664 , and nine @entity706 or @entity706 cell lines were cultured with @entity619 . The growth was evaluated with a colorimetric assay. The drug-induced growth suppression was slightly reduced by the ligand stimulation in 4 out of 17 combinations of cells versus drugs, such as @entity1 cells versus @entity2592 . In the remainder, the ligands did not significantly affect the drug-sensitivity. To investigate the possible molecular mechanism of the protective effect, the influence of @entity127 on @entity2592 -induced activation of @entity522 and @entity12982 , and dephosphorylation of @entity2451 was examined in @entity1 cells. However, @entity127 did not obviously affect the activation and dephosphorylation. It is known that stromal cells reduce drug-induced @entity137 of @entity1778 cells. According to our results, the role of Notch ligands in the stroma-mediated resistance seems to be minor and occurs only in a limited context. However, the ligand-coated culture-plates are more similar to the microenvironment in @entity1 bone marrow than ordinary plates. We will further examine the clinical usefulness of the drug-sensitivity test using the ligand-coated plates.

title: Effect of notch ligands on in vitro sensitivity to chemo-therapeutic drugs in XXXX and @entity706 cells.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'Ara-C']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['drug-sensitivity of leukemia', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: @entity3392 embryos have three or four identifiable primary motoneurons per hemisegment. We previously reported that, while several ventral cells initially express the @entity3392 @entity31984 ( @entity31984 ) gene, a member of the LIM/homeobox gene family, the expression of this gene becomes restricted to a single or a pair of cells slightly anterior to each segment border by 16 hr after fertilization. Double staining by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry strongly suggested that these cells were mainly rostral primary motoneurons. Here, we have isolated two novel @entity3392 cDNA clones for more @entity31984 family genes, termed @entity61875 and @entity61876 . @entity61875 mRNA starts to be expressed in the ventral midsegmental cells per hemisegment around 15 hr. Double labeling experiments have shown that these midsegmental cells are the caudal primary motoneuron (CaP) and its variant equivalence pair. Our results revealed the heterogeneity in the expressed genes among primary motoneurons before the fates of the primary motoneurons are irreversibly determined, and further suggest the involvement of the @entity31984 and @entity61875 genes in the determination of cellular identities by primary motoneurons in embryonic @entity3392 . @entity61876 mRNA is not expressed in motoneurons but is expressed at 17 hr, mainly in the ventral myotomes. This suggests that @entity61876 may be involved in the regional specification of the myotome and also in target recognition by CaP. @entity61875 is also expressed throughout the developing eye and tectal region of the midbrain, the target for the retinal axons. In the ventral spinal cord of the spadetail mutant embryo, which has @entity154 , the cells expressing @entity61875 mRNA significantly decreased in number in contrast to the increase in cells expressing @entity31984 mRNA, suggesting the influence of the somites on the expression of both genes.

title: Molecular heterogeneity among primary motoneurons and within myotomes revealed by the differential mRNA expression of novel @entity31984 homologs in embryonic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['defects in the somites']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Zebrafish', 'zebrafish']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Intracavernous injection of vasodilating agents and vacuum constriction devices are the therapeutic alternatives in outpatients with secondary @entity323 in Europe. The agents commonly used include @entity3302 , @entity5015 and @entity5521 , singly or in combination. Quality of erectile response has agent related characteristics and is dose-dependent. Optimal clinical response ranges from full response for adequate sexual performance to a duration exceeding @entity1 's and partner's wishes. Therefore, the adequate response must be titrated for every @entity1 individually. Vacuum erection devices are efficacious and well accepted from @entity1 and their partners if they can accept the artificial aspect of this approach. Vacuum erection devices are not suitable for @entity1 in unstable relations. Injection therapy and vacuum device interfere with spontaneity. The medicated urethral system for erection (MUSE) is a new approach to deliver @entity5015 to the corpus cavernosum. The application is more user-friendly than with injections but response rates for adequate satisfactory sexual performance are lower than with intracavernous injections. Therefore indications may be limited to specific etiologies such as @entity323 . There is currently no efficient pill on the market although a wide range of therapies are used. Approval and introduction of new oral treatments like @entity7855 and others are awaited by @entity1 and physicians. The availability of new and highly efficient treatment options does not simplify evaluation and treatment of @entity1 with @entity2613 . In the contrary they request refinements in the diagnostic process for etiologic diagnosis with subsequently least invasive treatment and minimal side effects.

title: [Ambulatory treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'neurogenic erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['Sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['alprostadil']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: Somatic mutations of genes codifying for key regulatory proteins are the cause of different types of hormone-secreting @entity652 . Natriuretic peptides (NP) are the strongest inhibitors of @entity1369 secretion but @entity1369 -secreting @entity652 (aldosteronomas) are resistant to this inhibition and have reduced binding sites for NPs. The objective of this study was to sequence the entire coding region of the @entity13380 ( @entity13380 , codified by the @entity13380 gene) to find loss-of-function somatic mutations. Total RNA was extracted from eight aldosteronomas and cDNA was synthesized. @entity13380 mRNA expression was evaluated by Northern blot analysis and compared with @entity217 mRNA as the housekeeping gene. Twelve primer couples were designed on the basis of the @entity13380 gene organization to amplify, by PCR, all 22 coding exons of the gene. The two strands of amplified DNAs were purified and directly sequenced by automated capillary sequencer. @entity13380 mRNA expression did not differ among aldosteronomas. @entity13380 open reading frame sequences obtained from eight aldosteronomas did not contain any mutation. The coding sequences of all 22 exons were identical in all samples and identical to published sequences. In the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) a new length difference 3C/4C polymorphism was found at position 15 129 (three @entity652 were 3C/4C and two were 3C/3C). Such a 3C/4C polymorphism was present in genomic DNA from 80 control subjects (25, 4C/4C; 40, 3C/4C; 15, 3C/3C). Mutations in the coding exons of the @entity13380 gene do not appear to be a common cause of aldosteronomas. Moreover, the exons of @entity13380 encoding for the translated portion of mRNA do not appear to be prone to polymorphisms. The polymorphism identified in the 3'-UTR might affect mRNA stability resulting in lower receptor synthesis, but it is not likely to confer a predisposition to the development of aldosteronomas.

title: Absence of somatic mutations in natriuretic peptide receptor type A gene in human @entity1369 -secreting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity13380 :: ('4881', 'Gene') :: ['Npr1', 'NP receptor type A', 'NPRA']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: AIM: To measure @entity1270 in a control population of pregnant @entity1 and in a population of @entity1 with @entity6677 (GDM). To define a normal @entity1270 threshold for the controls and to determine whether or not this value could play a role in the clinical management of @entity1 with GDM. METHOD: Fifty-six @entity1 with a normal OGTT and 49 @entity1 with GDM were included and monitored from the 25th to the 37th week of pregnancy. Control subjects agreed to perform glycaemia and @entity1270 self-monitoring 3 times a day. In addition, @entity1 with GDM were asked to measure their postprandial glycaemia. Glycaemia and @entity1270 measurements were performed using Optium meters. Subjects kept a 24-hour food record twice a week. RESULTS: The mean @entity1270 was lower in the control group than in the GDM group (0.01+/-0.10 vs. 0.04+/-0.009 mmol/l; P<0.001). @entity1270 values measured before the midday meal and prior to the evening meal were lower for control subjects than for GDM @entity1 (P=0.002 and P=0.005). Fasting @entity1270 was unrelated to @entity1270 in the GDM group, whereas there was a correlation in the control group (P=0.006). At least one chronic increase in @entity1270 levels was observed in 47% of the @entity1 with GDM, compared with only 12% of controls. The lowest levels of evening glycaemia correlated with the highest levels of @entity1270 ; @entity1 with GDM reported lower food and @entity1735 intakes than controls (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This work has enabled the establishment of @entity1270 reference standards in non-diabetic pregnant @entity1 . If @entity1270 does indeed indicate overly restrictive dietary behavior, this parameter could be employed for monitoring adherence to the nutritional recommendations for GDM.

title: Blood ketone monitoring: a comparison between @entity6677 and non-diabetic pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['Ketonemia', 'ketonemia', 'ketonuria']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early @entity1545 (EBI) can occur within 72  h of @entity510 ( @entity510 ). The objective of this study was to determine if there are differences in early @entity93 parameters (<72  h) with respect to @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ), @entity385 , and functional outcome. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study of @entity510 @entity1 admitted to a single tertiary care center. @entity98 , CBF and blood-brain barrier permeability (PS) were quantified with @entity93 within 72  h of @entity1756 . Primary outcomes were functional outcome by the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3  months and @entity385 . Secondary outcome was the development of @entity2806 . Differences between early @entity93 parameters were determined with respect to primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty @entity510 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. @entity98 was significantly higher in @entity1 who developed @entity2806 (6.7        1.2 vs 5.9        1.0; p   =   0.03) and @entity385 (7.0        1.2 vs 5.9        0.9; p   =   0.007); however, no difference in @entity98 was found between @entity1 with and without a poor outcome ( @entity5329 ). Early CBF and PS did not differ with respect to functional outcome, @entity2806 , and @entity385 . CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity98 within 72  h of @entity1756 is associated with @entity2806 and @entity385 but not with long-term functional outcome. Blood-brain barrier permeability, as assessed by CT perfusion, was not associated with @entity2806 or worse outcome in this cohort.

title: Early CT perfusion changes and blood-brain barrier permeability after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['DCI', 'delayed cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'aSAH']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: Measures of airway resistance (Raw) during @entity2632 ( @entity2632 ) suggest that @entity748 subjects possess stiffer, more reactive airway smooth muscle. There is evidence that one can enhance airway reactivity in healthy lungs by prohibiting @entity2632 for an extended period. The present study had two goals. First, we determined whether the maximum dilation capacity of @entity748 subjects depended on the rate of the @entity2632 . Second, we investigated whether the enhanced reactivity in healthy @entity1 might derive from additional mechanisms not present in @entity748 subjects. For the first goal, we tracked Raw in seven healthy and seven @entity748 subjects during a noncoached @entity2632 , a @entity2632 with a 5- to 10-s breath hold at total lung capacity, and a rapid @entity2632 . We found that the minimum resistance achieved at total lung capacity was independent of the manner in which the @entity2632 was performed. For the second goal, we tracked the rate of return of Raw after a @entity2632 as well as dynamic lung elastance before and after the @entity2632 , at baseline and after bronchial challenge. A drop in lung elastance post- @entity2632 would indicate reopening of lung regions and/or reduced heterogeneities. The data show that constricted healthy but not @entity748 subjects produce longer lasting residual dilation. Hence, a portion of the enhanced reactivity in a healthy subject's response to prohibition of DIs is likely due to airway closure and/or atelectasis that can be ablated with a @entity2632 . We conclude that preventing DIs does not ensure that healthy subjects will transition entirely to an @entity748 -like hyperreactive lung state.

title: Relating maximum airway dilation and subsequent reconstriction to reactivity in XXXX lungs.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'deep inspiration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Despite recent advances in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) systems, @entity298 is a significant clinical problem in @entity1 on @entity298 . Risk factors for @entity298 are identifiable and modifiable and require focused intervention. During a baseline period in 1998, we observed consistent differences in @entity298 rates among @entity1 using various @entity298 connection systems. In January 1999, motivated by a need to reduce @entity298 , we initiated a multifaceted continuous quality initiative (CQI) program that included retraining all current @entity1 and all new @entity1 6 months after initiation and then annually; changing from plastic to @entity702 adapters between the catheter and the transfer set; and using equipment from a single @entity298 manufacturer for all new @entity1 and for current @entity1 with high @entity298 rates. Furthermore, all @entity1 using HomeChoice cyclers (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, McGaw Park, IL, U.S.A.) were taught to use the Compact Exchange Device II to avoid contamination when spiking solution bags. @entity298 rates improved from 1 episode per 7.5 @entity1 -months (over 512 @entity1 -months) in 1998 to 1 episode per 36.5 @entity1 -months (over 292 @entity1 -months) as of September 2002. Further analysis also showed a significant difference in @entity298 rates between equipment produced by various manufacturers. There was a statistically significant difference in @entity298 for automated @entity298 systems. @entity1 using the Freedom Cycler @entity298 + (Fresenius Medical Care, Frankfurt, Germany) had an average @entity298 rate of 1 episode per 6.9 @entity1 -months as compared with @entity1 using the HomeChoice cycler (Baxter Healthcare), who experienced 1 episode of @entity298 per 23.9 @entity1 -months on average (p < 0.0001). For continuous ambulatory @entity298 @entity1 using UltraBag (Baxter Healthcare), the @entity298 rate was 1 episode per 26 @entity1 -months as compared with the Premier Double Bag (Fresenius Medical Care), for which a @entity298 rate of 1 episode per 6.3 @entity1 -months was seen (p < 0.0001). Comparison of the UltraBag (1 episode per 26.0 @entity1 -months) with the Disposable Freedom Set, a single-bag "Y" system (Fresenius Medical Care; 1 episode per 7.5 @entity1 -months) yielded similar results (p < 0.0001). We conclude that ongoing CQI efforts can significantly reduce @entity298 rates. Our efforts included @entity146 @entity1 retraining, protocol changes, use of a @entity702 adapter between the catheter and the transfer set, and careful choice of connectology systems (possible supplier-dependent effect).

title: Fivefold XXXX using a multifaceted continuous quality initiative program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'Peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['reduction in peritonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated efficacy for reducing @entity9 , but the respective mechanisms remain largely unknown. The current study tested the hypothesis that @entity158 reduction with tDCS is associated with an increase in the peak frequency spectrum density in the theta-alpha range. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity1566 and bilateral @entity9 received single sessions of both sham and anodal tDCS (2mA) over the left primary motor area (M1) for 20min. Treatment order was randomly assigned. Pre- to post-procedure changes in @entity158 intensity and peak frequency of electroencephalogram spectral analysis were compared between treatment conditions. RESULTS: The active treatment condition (anodal tDCS over M1) but not sham treatment resulted in significant decreases in @entity158 intensity. In addition, consistent with the study hypothesis, peak theta-alpha frequency (PTAF) assessed from an electrode placed over the site of stimulation increased more from pre- to post-session among @entity1 in the active tDCS condition, relative to those in the sham tDCS condition. Moreover, we found a significant association between a decrease in @entity158 intensity and an increase in PTAF at the stimulation site. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with the possibility that anodal tDCS over the left M1 may be effective, at least in part, because it results in an increase in M1 cortical excitability, perhaps due to a @entity158 inhibitory effect of motor cortex stimulation that may influence the descending @entity158 modulation system. Future research is needed to determine if there is a causal association between increased left anterior activity and @entity158 reduction. SIGNIFICANCE: The results provide new findings regarding the effects of tDCS on @entity9 and @entity75 changes.

title: The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in @entity1 with XXXX from @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain oscillation']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: Cecal @entity4436 is a rare entity and remains a difficult diagnostic problem. A retrospective review was undertaken of 16 @entity1 (11 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ; average age, 33.2 years) with a pathologic diagnosis of cecal or right @entity6522 who received treatment from 1979 to the present. Preoperative symptoms were difficult to distinguish from @entity698 . The majority complained of right lower quadrant @entity158 and @entity925 . Diagnostic studies were not helpful. Preoperative diagnosis was @entity698 in 88% (14 of 16) and correct in 1 @entity1 (6%). At exploratory celiotomy, the surgeon was able to make the diagnosis of cecal @entity4436 in 9 (60%) of the 15 @entity1 in whom the correct diagnosis had not been made preoperatively. @entity5 was suspected in 5 @entity1 , and an @entity2466 was suspected in 1. Treatment was colectomy in 9 and local excision in 4 @entity1 . In 3 @entity1 , the inflamed diverticulum was left in situ at initial exploration; all underwent later excision, one of these urgently for @entity295 . No @entity1 died; however, one @entity834 requiring reoperation occurred. On the basis of this experience, we recommend excisional therapy in all cases in which the intraoperative diagnosis is certain. Suspicion of a @entity5 continues to prompt colectomy in an emergency setting.

title: Cecal XXXX : a continuing diagnostic dilemma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal abscess']

entities_list: @entity6522 :: ('MESH:D043963', 'Disease') :: ['colon diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic process', 'Neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether sympathetic nerves regulate expression of known angiogenic growth factors. METHODS: Surgical sympathectomy (SNX) was used to remove sympathetic innervation to the eye. Real-time PCR was used to measure steady state mRNA expression of @entity6667 , @entity12186 , @entity34313 , and @entity26081 . Western blot analysis was performed to assess protein expression. Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) permeability surface area product (PS) was measured using enhanced MRI on a separate group of control and SNX @entity35 . RESULTS: mRNA of both @entity6667 and @entity12186 decreased significantly at 6 weeks after SNX. @entity6667 protein expression also decreased significantly. @entity12186 protein was unchanged. Both @entity34313 and @entity26081 mRNA expression increased significantly after SNX. Immunoblot analysis showed that @entity34313 protein expression coincided with its mRNA expression. @entity26081 protein expression was unaffected. Sympathetic denervation did not significantly increase BRB PS. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical SNX results in a reduction in @entity6667 gene and protein expression, while increasing protein expression of @entity34313 . These findings suggest that sympathetic nerves regulate the expression of angiogenic growth factors in @entity35 retina.

title: Superior cervical ganglionectomy induces changes in growth factor expression in the XXXX retina.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We previously reported that exosomes secreted by @entity1 @entity788 cells induce cell death through the inhibition of the Notch-1 survival pathway (Ristorcelli et al., 2009). We demonstrated that exosomal lipids evoked apoptosis of @entity1 @entity788 SOJ-6 cells. Based on the lipid composition of efficient exosomes we designed Synthetic Exosome-Like Nanoparticles (SELN) in which the ratio ordered lipids versus disordered lipids was equal to 6.0 (SELN6.0). These SELN decreased SOJ-6 cells survival by inhibiting the Notch-1 pathway. However MiaPaCa-2 cells were resistant to exosomes (Ristorcelli et al., 2008) and to SELN6.0 (Beloribi et al.,2012). In this paper we aimed at deciphering the reason(s) of this resistance. We observed, in presence of SELN6.0, that the expression of the Notch IntraCytoplasmic Domain (NICD) decreases in MiaPaCa-2 cells but neither @entity1135 , the nuclear target of NICD, nor the ratio @entity589 / @entity588 were affected. We further showed that in MiaPaCa-2 cells SELN6.0 induced the activation of NF-kB, which promotes the expression and the secretion of SDF-1a. This chemokine interacts with its receptor @entity436 on MiaPaCa-2 cells and activates the Akt survival pathway protecting cells from death. This activation process promoted by exosomal lipids could have implications in @entity5 progression and drug resistance.

title: Exosomal lipids induce @entity1 pancreatic tumoral MiaPaCa-2 cells resistance through the XXXX -SDF-1a signaling axis.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

answer: @entity436 :: (7852,Gene) :: ['CXCR4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Between September 2013 and July 2014, 2,482 @entity683 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were screened in Japan for the @entity15998 substitution in their @entity689 ( @entity689 ) protein, which confers cross-resistance to @entity684 and @entity23217 . We found that a large cluster of the @entity15998 mutant virus occurred prior to the main @entity683 season in Sapporo /: Hokkaido, with the detection rate for this mutant virus reaching 29% in this area. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the clonal expansion of a single mutant virus in Sapporo /: Hokkaido. To understand the reason for this large cluster, we examined the in vitro and in vivo properties of the mutant virus. We found that it grew well in cell culture, comparable to wild-type virus. The cluster virus also replicated well in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets and was transmitted efficiently between ferrets by droplets. Almost all recently circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses including the cluster virus possessed two substitutions in @entity689 , @entity20161 and @entity20162 , known to increase replication and transmission fitness. Structural analysis of @entity689 predicted that a third substitution ( @entity20160 ) in the @entity689 of the cluster virus destabilized the mutant @entity689 structure in the presence of the @entity20161 and @entity20162 substitutions. Our results suggest that the cluster virus retained viral fitness to spread among @entity1 and, accordingly, caused the large cluster in Sapporo/Hokkaido. However, the mutant @entity689 structure was less stable than that of the wild-type virus. Therefore, once the wild-type virus began to circulate in the community, the mutant virus could not compete and faded out.

title: Characterization of a large cluster of XXXX A(H1N1)pdm09 virus cross-resistant to @entity684 and @entity23217 during the 2013/2014 @entity683 season in Japan.

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity23217 :: ('MESH:C414210', 'Chemical') :: ['peramivir']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Based on preliminary evidence indicating that a cell-associated protein of U937 (a @entity1 monocyte-like cell line) possessed cofactor activity and was not the @entity3432 , we sought to further characterize this protein. A sequential four-column purification procedure was devised that includes @entity59353 affinity chromatography to isolate in reasonable yields and purity a cell-associated protein of U937 and several other @entity1 cell lines. Based on its pattern and Mr on @entity214 -PAGE, acidic pI, and ligand specificity, it is identical to a recently described @entity59353 or @entity4417 -binding membrane glycoprotein of @entity1 PBL and cell lines; having no presently identified function, it was termed gp45-70. After purifying this protein, we determined its functional capabilities and compared them to those of the other complement proteins with regulatory activity directed at components comprising the C3 convertases. This protein was the most efficient (50 times that of H) yet-described cofactor for the I-mediated first cleavage of @entity4417 . It also was a cofactor for the first cleavage of @entity9199 , but was not as efficient as C4bp. The second cleavage of @entity4417 and @entity9199 was not efficiently mediated. It had no ability to accelerate decay in the classical or alternative pathway C3 convertases. Based on this unique activity profile and ability to be surface labeled, we have renamed this molecule @entity806 ( @entity806 ). We suggest that this protein plays a major role in preventing autologous complement activation.

title: Purification and characterization of a membrane protein (gp45-70) that is a cofactor for cleavage of @entity4417 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity806 :: ('4179', 'Gene') :: ['MCP', 'membrane cofactor protein']

answer: @entity9199 :: (721,Gene) :: ['C4b']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Explicit @entity51 have been reported frequently in @entity1 with @entity161 . This study addressed the question whether these @entity1 would already encounter difficulties in a more "implicit" process of planning an optimal sequence of movements in simple actions. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity161 and 20 controls participated in the study. The motor tasks consisted of copying simple line drawings in which the planning of a movement sequence was taxed along various dimensions. In the first task the number of line elements varied between one and two, and the two-line figures differed with respect to the ease with which the so-called graphic production rules could be applied. In the second task the spatial position of the drawing varied between an easy centre position and a somewhat more difficult corner location. In the third task, subjects were asked to start copying either at a preferred or at a less preferred starting point. RESULTS: The results showed that the @entity1 did not encounter planning difficulties while copying the one- or two-segment patterns. However, the variations in the spatial conditions and starting point did affect the @entity1 ' performance more than that of the controls. Whereas the @entity1 with higher negative symptom scores tended to be slower when they were forced to start drawing at a particular point, the @entity1 predominantly exhibiting features of disorganisation proved to be faster in this condition. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest a fairly intact initiation of simple movement sequences in @entity1 with @entity161 , but difficulties in inhibiting automatic response tendencies. It is concluded that this inhibition failure may play an important role in the planning difficulties these @entity1 experience.

title: Movement planning deficits in XXXX : failure to inhibit automatic response tendencies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['planning deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of avocado/ @entity1460 unsaponifiables (ASU) on osteoblast-induced dysregulation of chondrocyte metabolism. METHODS: @entity1 chondrocytes were isolated from @entity571 ( @entity571 ) cartilage and cultured in alginate beads for 4 or 10 days in the absence or presence of osteoblasts isolated from nonsclerotic (NSC) or @entity3808 ( @entity3808 ) zones of @entity571 subchondral bone plate in monolayer. Before co-culture, osteoblasts were incubated or not with 10 microg/ml ASU for 72 hours. Aggrecan, type II collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and MMP-13, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and TGF-beta3, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA levels in chondrocytes were quantified by RT-PCR. Aggrecan, osteocalcin, TGF-beta1, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 production were assayed by immunoassays. RESULTS: In co-culture, @entity3808 osteoblasts induced a significant inhibition of matrix protein production and a significant increase of MMP synthesis by chondrocytes. In contrast, @entity3808 osteoblasts did not modify TIMP-1, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3, iNOS, or COX-2 mRNA levels in chondrocytes. The pretreatment of @entity3808 osteoblasts with ASU fully prevented the inhibitory effects of @entity3808 osteoblasts on matrix component production, and even significantly increased type II collagen mRNA level over the control (chondrocytes alone) value. In contrast, pretreatment of @entity3808 osteoblasts with ASU did not significantly modify the expression of MMP, TIMP-1, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta3, iNOS, or COX-2 gene by chondrocytes. CONCLUSION: ASU prevent the osteoarthritic osteoblast-induced inhibition of matrix molecule production, suggesting that this compound may promote @entity571 cartilage repair by acting on subchondral @entity79 . This finding constitutes a new mechanism of action for this compound, known for its beneficial effects on cartilage.

title: Avocado/ XXXX unsaponifiables prevent the inhibitory effect of osteoarthritic subchondral osteoblasts on aggrecan and type II collagen synthesis by chondrocytes.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone osteoblasts']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The presence of cortical @entity1211 is recognized as an indicator of increased risk of @entity932 and @entity51 in @entity2457 . Its disconnection is well accepted as a treatment for @entity292 with direct cortical reflux ( @entity164 ), but the role of disconnection of the cortical @entity1211 in the management of @entity292 that involve the @entity1211 ( @entity1605 ) is still a matter of debate. We analyze the experience of the Toronto @entity2457 Study Group in the management of these lesions by simple cortical @entity1211 and its impact in the future risk of @entity548 . METHODS: From June 1984 to August 2004, 347 @entity1 with @entity2457 , either cranial or spinal, were evaluated by the group. Fifty-three @entity1 had a @entity2457 . Twenty-five @entity1 were submitted to simple surgical disconnection of the @entity2457 , two were lost for follow-up. There were 15 females and 8 males, with mean age at diagnosis of 53.9 years. Follow-up time was 112.6 @entity1 -years, from 2 months to 11 years, mean 4.9 years. Endovascular treatment was attempted in all @entity1 , but no disconnection was possible. Twelve @entity1 had their @entity292 completely occluded by endovascular means, but are not analyzed here. There were four complications from the 93 endovascular procedures, and 3 from the 27 surgical procedures. Two @entity1 required a repeated surgical procedure. No episode of @entity932 or worsening @entity51 was seen after disconnection of the cortical @entity1211 in 4.9 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Simple surgical disconnection of the cortical @entity1211 maybe an option in the management of @entity1 with @entity2457 . This procedure is a much smaller surgical undertaking and is associated with fewer complications than attempts to resect or pack the whole @entity292 , especially if located in the skull base.

title: Surgical disconnection of cortical XXXX as a treatment for @entity1605 dural arteriovenous fistulae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Borden type II']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'Borden type II dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'Brain Vascular Malformation', 'cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas', 'fistula']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Borden type III']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus and cortical venous reflux', 'venous reflux disconnection', 'venous reflux']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous reflux']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: Sleep problems such as @entity22 , nighttime awakening, and shortened sleep time are often subjectively reported in @entity1 with @entity72 ( @entity72 ). However, results of objective studies have been mixed. Our goal was to evaluate the existing data from objective measures using a systematic approach to identify and describe the differences in sleep parameters by comparing @entity25 ( @entity25 ), sleep latency (SL), and @entity25 ( @entity25 ) in @entity1 with @entity72 with those of @entity245 ( @entity245 ) peers. METHODS:: Studies that used objective measures such as actigraphy or polysomnography (PSG) to describe the sleep parameters of @entity25 , SL, and @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity72 compared with @entity1 with @entity245 were identified. A meta-analysis was performed for the 10 studies that met inclusion criteria with evaluation of differences in means using random effects models. A total of 343 @entity1 with @entity72 and 221 @entity1 with @entity245 were included. Assessments for sources of heterogeneity and publication bias were undertaken. RESULTS:: @entity25 for @entity1 with @entity72 was on average 32.8 minutes less per day (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.6-49.0 minutes) than their @entity245 peers. Average SL was 10.9 minutes longer (95% CI: 6.7-15.0 minutes), and average @entity25 was 1.9% less (95% CI: 0.7%-3.1%) than their @entity245 peers. Notable heterogeneity was found within studies for @entity25 , and mild heterogeneity was found for @entity25 . Concurrent @entity717 was a moderator of @entity25 . @entity1 with @entity72 and normal intelligence had a small and nonsignificant decrease in @entity25 as compared with @entity245 peers, whereas those with @entity72 and @entity717 ( @entity717 ) had a significant decrease in @entity25 as compared with @entity245 peers. The magnitude of the difference in mean SL and @entity25 increased as compared with @entity245 peers as age increased. Studies that used PSG and those that did not include @entity1 on medications were more likely to report mean decreases in @entity25 . CONCLUSIONS:: @entity1 with @entity72 have small but measurable objective differences in their sleep parameters that are consistent with subjective reporting. @entity1 with @entity72 have shorter @entity25 , longer SL periods, and decreased @entity25 as compared with @entity245 peers. Concurrent @entity717 , medication use, method of data collection, and age of subjects significantly moderated these results. The decrease in @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity72 and normal intelligence was not significant as compared with @entity245 peers, suggesting that @entity717 may help explain the shortened @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity72 .

title: Sleep Differences Among XXXX With @entity72 and Typically Developing Peers: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typically developing']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'sleep efficiency', 'SE', 'total sleep time']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['difficulties in sleep initiation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: A recent study revealed that quantitative @entity1956 core antibody (qAnti- @entity13210 ) level could serve as a novel marker for predicting treatment response. In the present study, we further investigated the predictive value of qAnti- @entity13210 level in HBeAg-positive @entity1 undergoing PEG-IFN therapy. A total of 140 HBeAg-positive @entity1 who underwent PEG-IFN therapy for 48 weeks and follow-up for 24 weeks were enrolled in this study. Serum samples were taken every 12 weeks post-treatment. The predictive value of the baseline qAnti- @entity13210 level for treatment response was evaluated. @entity1 were further divided into 2 groups according to the baseline qAnti- @entity13210 level, and the response rate was compared. Additionally, the kinetics of the virological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. @entity1 who achieved response had a significantly higher baseline qAnti- @entity13210 level (serological response [SR], 4.52  0.36 vs. 4.19  0.58, p=0.001; virological response [VR], 4.53  0.35 vs. 4.22  0.57, p=0.005; combined response [CR], 4.50  0.36 vs. 4.22  0.58, p=0.009)). Baseline qAnti- @entity13210 was the only parameter that was independently correlated with SR (p=0.008), VR (p=0.010) and CR(p=0.019). @entity1 with baseline qAnti- @entity13210 levels >= 30,000 IU/mL had significantly higher response rates, more @entity97 DNA suppression, and better @entity99 control in PEG-IFN treatment. In conclusion, qAnti- @entity13210 level may be a novel biomarker for predicting treatment response in HBeAg-positive @entity1 receiving @entity970 -IFN therapy.

title: Quantitative @entity1956 Core Antibody Level Is a New Predictor for Treatment Response In HBeAg-positive Chronic @entity1956 XXXX Receiving Peginterferon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: One hundred thirty-seven @entity4724 from 120 @entity1 seen during a 23 1/2 year period were studied as two groups. The first group consisted of 32 @entity5 removed by the otolaryngology department. Material from these cases was re-examined microscopically for evidence of @entity5 occurrence within lymph nodes located inside and outside the parotid gland. This group of 32 @entity5 was also studied as part of the second group, 105 additional lesions removed by the surgery department. Data on @entity1 age, sex, and race, as well as @entity5 multiplicity, location, and size were incorporated into a single statistical analysis. Seventy-two percent of the @entity5 in the first group were intranodal in location. Second primary @entity4724 occurred in 13 (11%) of the @entity1 . Eight occult @entity5 were identified, and their importance is discussed. A single Negro, a @entity1 , was found among 118 @entity1 . The observed frequency of the @entity5 was twentyfold less than expected among the Negro population.

title: @entity4724 ( @entity4724 ) in XXXX in a general hospital over a 24-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ["Warthin's tumors"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A multicenter phase I-II trial was carried out with the aim of identifying the dose-limiting @entity137 and the maximum tolerated dose of @entity1206 (VNR) in combination with pegylated liposomal @entity632 at a dose of 20 mg/m(2) every 15 days in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . In the phase I part of the trial, VNR was given at a dose of 20 mg/m(2) every 15 days to a group of 3 @entity1 . In absence of unacceptable @entity137 , VNR was escalated to 25, 30, and 35 mg/m(2) for subsequent groups of 3 @entity1 , until the dose-limiting @entity137 was reached. No case of @entity5515 was recorded in these @entity1 . Grade 4 @entity1398 , grade 3 @entity882 , and grade 3 @entity33 were the dose-limiting @entity137 recorded in @entity1 treated with VNR 35 mg/m(2). These side effects caused a substantial decrease in programmed dose intensity. Therefore 30 mg/m(2) was considered the maximum tolerated dose of VNR in combination with pegylated liposomal @entity632 20 mg/m(2), both given every 15 days. These dosages were employed for the treatment of further 18 @entity1 included in phase II of the study. The overall response rate, calculated according to an intention to treat analysis, was 63% (95% CI: 44-80%), with 2 @entity1 achieving a complete response. The median time to progression was 7.0 months or more (range 2-14 months). Median duration of objective responses was 8.4 months or more. The duration of the 2 complete responses was 9 and 14 months, respectively. Median duration of survival was 16.0 months or more (range from 4.0 to >or=24.0). @entity137 was generally mild and easily manageable. @entity1398 and @entity33 were the most frequently recorded side effects. A case of @entity5515 was recorded in phase II of the study. In conclusion, the maximum tolerated dose of VNR in association with pegylated liposomal @entity632 is 30 mg/m(2) on a bimonthly schedule. Moreover, the combination of VNR and pegylated liposomal @entity632 is active against metastatic @entity0 and is associated with a good @entity137 profile. Further studies with this combination regimen are warranted.

title: Pegylated liposomal @entity632 with @entity1206 in metastatic XXXX . A phase I-II clinical investigation.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8693 ( @entity8693 ) is an uncommon @entity74 which occurs in 1-2.5% of Americans with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Little is known about current demographics of @entity8693 . OBJECTIVES: This survey study reviews the clinical characteristics of diseased individuals in North America. METHODS: A survey of members from the mailing lists of US @entity8693 @entity1 support organizations was commissioned with duplicate @entity1 omitted. The survey was mailed to 5,222 unique individuals with @entity8693 . Questionnaires were returned by 1,953 individuals, including 1,810 with severe @entity942 , 93 with the carrier state and 41 who were caregivers of others. RESULTS: The majority (81%) of @entity1 reported @entity1030 with symptoms of @entity565 , chronic @entity3617 , and @entity2415 , usually in combination. The mean age of respondents [53.1 +/- 13.2 (SD) years] is older than the general US population. Lung or liver transplantation was reported by 9% of all respondents (n = 175), including 66 single lung transplants, 68 double lung transplants, and 47 liver transplants. Another 6.6% (n = 128) reported that they were currently on a transplant list. Twenty-one percent of lung transplants report continuing augmentation therapy use. Augmentation use is reported by 75% of those with @entity3885 . The majority of @entity1 with @entity409 also have @entity1030 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8693 remains a devastating illness for many of those affected as reflected in a high incidence of transplantation for @entity409 .

title: Results of a survey of @entity1 with alpha-1 antitrypsin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver and lung disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity8693 :: ('MESH:D019896', 'Disease') :: ['AATD', 'alpha(1)-Antitrypsin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency']

answer: @entity942 :: (MESH:D003677,Disease) :: ['deficiency']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of @entity2239 with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) in de novo renal transplant recipients. The immunosuppressive regimen, including basiliximab, @entity2239 (3 mg), and low-dose @entity870 , was administered to 17 @entity1 , of whom 15 were part of a multicenter randomized study that stipulated cessation of @entity230 at 7 days posttransplantation in 5 recipients. Five @entity1 underwent dialysis after transplantation for delayed graft function (DGF; 29%), all of whom showed a good recovery within 3 weeks. The mean follow-up was 45.7 months (SD +/- 13). The 1-year graft survival was 100%. We observed one acute rejection episode. No @entity1 experienced a @entity2803 . Increased @entity165 and @entity412 levels were reported in almost all @entity1 . Severe @entity4841 (n = 3) was treated by @entity2239 dose reduction to maintain trough levels at 3 ng/mL. We noted a high rate of switch to @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) throughout follow-up (n = 7), due to @entity2239 -induced side effects. However, we did not observe normalization of lipids after the switch: @entity1 always required stain treatment, resulting in slightly lower serum @entity165 and @entity1674 . @entity2239 plus @entity870 was effective to prevent acute rejection after kidney transplantation. To manage the induced side effects of the drugs C(2) monitoring is mandatory, targeting 350 ng/mL during 1 year and 200 to 250 ng/mL thereafter. Careful reduction of @entity2239 trough levels to 3 ng/mL is recommended for @entity1 with @entity4841 .

title: Long-term results of kidney transplantation with XXXX - and @entity2239 -based immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, the etiology of @entity5 of the central nervous system (mainly @entity11 and @entity1653 ) is poorly understood. The role of sex hormones has been suggested, based on clinical, experimental, biological, and epidemiological data. OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiological studies on the relation between hormonal factors and the occurrence of @entity11 and @entity1653 , in order to identify new research developments. METHODS: Articles published until September 2010 were selected by considering exogenous and endogenous exposures and specific @entity1313 . Standardized information was collected from 20 articles: 15 concerning @entity11 and 13 @entity1653 . RESULTS: An increased @entity11 risk was observed with later menarche and menopause, while a reduced @entity11 risk was observed with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and oral contraceptive use, despite duration of use had no effect on risk. @entity1653 risk increased after menopause and with HRT use. No clear association was found with pregnancy and breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: Results are globally concordant with the biologic hypothesis assuming that female sex hormones are protective against @entity11 and may increase the risk of @entity1653 . However, new epidemiological studies should be conducted in order to confirm these associations and to refine the role of hormonal factors in brain etiology.

title: XXXX and hormonal factors: review of the epidemiological literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningioma', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain tumors']


abstract: @entity30615 ( @entity30615 ) is an important effector of the innate antiviral response. Mutations or variants that impair function of @entity30615 , particularly @entity31119 , have been proposed as susceptibility factors for @entity263 . Given the role of this gene in viral defense, we sought to explore the possibility that a @entity1800 might contribute to @entity263 in individuals harboring the @entity31119 variant. A viral detection DNA microarray composed of oligonucleotides corresponding to the most conserved sequences of all known viruses identified the presence of gammaretroviral sequences in cDNA samples from seven of 11 @entity31119 -homozygous (QQ) cases, and in one of eight heterozygous (RQ) and homozygous wild-type (RR) cases. An expanded survey of 86 @entity5 by specific RT-PCR detected the virus in eight of 20 QQ cases (40%), compared with only one sample (1.5%) among 66 RQ and RR cases. The full-length viral genome was cloned and sequenced independently from three positive QQ cases. The virus, named XMRV, is closely related to xenotropic @entity19 @entity1778 viruses (MuLVs), but its sequence is clearly distinct from all known members of this group. Comparison of gag and pol sequences from different @entity5 isolates suggested @entity281 with the same virus in all cases, yet sequence variation was consistent with the infections being independently acquired. Analysis of prostate tissues from XMRV-positive cases by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that XMRV nucleic acid and protein can be detected in about 1% of stromal cells, predominantly fibroblasts and hematopoietic elements in regions adjacent to the @entity189 . These data provide to our knowledge the first demonstration that xenotropic MuLV-related viruses can produce an authentic @entity1 @entity281 , and strongly implicate @entity30615 activity in the prevention or clearance of @entity281 in vivo. These findings also raise questions about the possible relationship between exogenous @entity281 and @entity5 development in genetically susceptible individuals.

title: Identification of a novel @entity263 of @entity1 homozygous for XXXX @entity30615 variant.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity30615 :: ('6041', 'Gene') :: ['Ribonuclease L', 'RNase L']

answer: @entity31119 :: (p|SUB|R|462|Q,ProteinMutation) :: ['R462Q']


abstract: We investigated the regulation of each intracellular signal transduction system including @entity1919 ( @entity268 )-dependent and @entity460 ( @entity141 ) messenger systems in @entity291 @entity774 cells to clarify the exact mode of action of ACTH. Pretreatment with @entity12433 and @entity3543 , which are @entity56576 inhibitors, significantly inhibited @entity701 production activated by both low and high concentrations of ACTH. Therefore, it seems that metabolites induced by @entity56576 are quite essential for @entity701 synthesis induced by ACTH, either at low or high concentrations. At low concentrations of ACTH (10(-13)-10(-12) M), significant increases of cytosolic @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i), but not of @entity268 , were observed. @entity11616 , a specific protein kinase C inhibitor, apparently suppressed @entity701 production activated by low concentrations of ACTH, while @entity9501 , a specific inhibitor of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase, did not. These findings suggest that, at physiologically low concentrations, ACTH activates [ @entity141 ]i and @entity56576 without affecting @entity268 formation, resulting in an increased biosynthesis of @entity701 , partly via protein kinase C-dependent processes. At high concentrations, ACTH (10(-9)-10(-7) M) induced an increase of @entity268 and [ @entity141 ]i. The @entity701 production induced by high concentrations of ACTH was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with @entity11616 , @entity9501 and H-7, suggesting the participation of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C systems in the regulation of @entity701 production in the presence of high concentrations of ACTH. In conclusion, cytosolic @entity460 is biphasically enhanced by ACTH, although @entity268 accumulation is increased only by high concentrations of ACTH. A @entity56576 -dependent process may partly play a crucial role in the regulation of @entity701 biosynthesis, when stimulated by low and high concentrations of ACTH.

title: Role of @entity460 messenger systems in ACTH-induced @entity701 production in XXXX @entity774 cells.

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity12433 :: ('MESH:D011319', 'Chemical') :: ['primaquine']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['Calphostin C', 'calphostin C']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal fasciculo-reticularis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Moringa oleifera L. is a medicinal plant with potential antioxidant property. This study was aimed at investigating the chemoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) on @entity786 (CP)-induced @entity137 . Two-week-old male Swiss albino @entity19 were intraperitoneally injected with @entity4613 -buffered saline, 50  mg  kg(-1) of CP and 25  mg  kg(-1) of MOE. In combination treatment, @entity19 were injected with 25  mg  kg(-1) of MOE 24  h prior to CP injection, 24  h prior and post-CP injection and 24  h post-CP injection for 5 consecutive days (10  mg  kg(-1) ). Six weeks later, @entity19 were sacrificed to assess epididymal sperm parameters. MOE alone did not have any significant effect on sperm parameters. However, acute injection of CP resulted in significant decline in motility (P  <  0.001), increase in @entity135 (P  <  0.01) and DNA damage (P  <  0.05). Combining MOE with CP increased the sperm density, motility and reduced @entity135 and DNA damage, irrespective of the schedule and dosage of MOE. Administration of MOE prior to CP significantly elevated the level of @entity224 dismutase and @entity5533 with concomitant decrease in lipid peroxidation in the testicular tissue. In conclusion, MOE may have potential benefit in reducing the loss of male gonadal function following chemotherapy.

title: Sperm abnormalities induced by pre-pubertal exposure to XXXX are effectively mitigated by Moringa oleifera leaf extract.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head defect', 'head abnormality']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['testicular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: During the past several decades, the number of diagnostic tests and procedures that require the administration of radiation has increased dramatically. Understanding which factors affect @entity1161 and how to mitigate these to protect @entity1 has become critical for physicians to understand. Informed consent for these procedures has to include a discussion of the risks of radiation. METHODS: Factors that affect @entity1161 , as well as ways to mitigate these, are discussed. Informed consent is also reviewed. RESULTS: Technical factors of the radiation delivery and @entity1 factors both influence the dose of radiation received. Minimizing exposure is critical, and close examination of the @entity1 is warranted to diagnose @entity1161 . True informed consent includes a frank discussion of the radiation risks as well as the benefits of the procedure. CONCLUSION: Minimizing @entity1 radiation exposure and accurately diagnosing @entity1161 are key skills with which any physician ordering or performing tests or procedures requiring the use of radiation needs to be familiar. Informed consent includes a discussion of the risks as well as the benefits of the proposed radiation exposure.

title: Factors affecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a screening programme for the early detection of @entity6 using non-mydriatic retinal photography. METHODS: A community based screening service was offered to all @entity1 with known @entity6 in selected townships in the LaTrobe and Goulburn Valleys in Victoria. At the local examination centre, basic sociodemographic information was collected as well as details of previous use of eye care services for the early detection of @entity6 . The examination included visual acuity (VA), glycosylated haemoglobin level and Polaroid photographs of each fundus using a Canon CR5-45NM non-mydriatic retinal camera (Canon, Tochigiken, Japan). Dilating drops were not used. Photographs were subsequently reviewed and letters were sent to all @entity1 (with copies to their general practitioners) with recommendations for appropriate follow up. RESULTS: A total of 1177 @entity1 with @entity6 attended the screening service, which is estimated to be 40% of the total population with known @entity6 in the study area. The mean age was 65 years (range 20-94 years); 559 (48%) @entity1 reported not having a dilated fundus examination within the past 2 years; 345 (29%) @entity1 had never had a dilated fundus examination. Of the 2354 eyes, 2126 (90%) of the photographs were gradable. A total of 704 @entity1 (60%) had normal VA and no evidence of @entity6 , 209 @entity1 (18%) had @entity6 , 101 @entity1 (9%) had evidence of other fundus pathology, 42 @entity1 (3%) had reduced acuity (< 6/18) in one or both eyes (with no fundus pathology evident) and 121 @entity1 (10%) had ungradable photographs in one or both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates the usefulness of a screening programme with non-mydriatic retinal photography as an adjunct to current eye care services for the early detection of @entity6 .

title: Screening for XXXX using a non-mydriatic retinal camera in rural Victoria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: Abnormal microalbuminuria in @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is significantly associated with pre-clinical @entity8 . In youth-onset @entity1723 declining plasma @entity916 activity is significantly associated with improved albumin excretion, while persistently elevated @entity916 activity is associated with continued abnormal microalbuminuria. To determine if these changes are reflected in changes in cell count in the juxtaglomerular body and if biopsy findings correlate with abnormal microalbuminuria, renal tissue of 20 @entity1723 (Study @entity1723 ) ages 16 to 31 years, evaluated concurrently for plasma @entity916 activity and microalbuminuria, were examined by light microscopy. Biopsy or autopsy specimens from 21 normal subjects and 32 @entity1723 (Non-Study @entity1723 ), ages 2 to 25, were also examined. Specimens from the majority of prepubertal and all pubertal and postpubertal Non-Study @entity1723 and all Study @entity1723 independently of status of microalbuminuria had morphologic abnormalities. Normal or mesangially expanded glomeruli were found in association with expanded juxta-glomerular bodies and increased cell number, or with sclerotic bodies and decreased cell number. @entity1463 of juxtaglomerular bodies occurred independently of @entity8 . The highest percentage of glomeruli with expanded juxtaglomerular bodies and high cell count was present in specimens of Study @entity1723 with the most abnormal levels of microalbuminuria. T lymphocytes, noted within juxtaglomerular bodies, were present in specimens of 62% of the 52 Study and Non-Study @entity1723 . @entity854 are distinctive features of renal pathology in @entity1723 . T lymphocytes in the endocrine juxtaglomerular body suggest the presence of an autoimmune process. Confirmatory studies are necessary.

title: XXXX in youth-onset diabetic subjects.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetic subjects', 'IDDS']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities of the juxtaglomerular body']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Juxtaglomerular body abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We wanted to assess the @entity137 and efficacy of @entity1311 plus @entity136 in advanced @entity0 and to confirm whether circulating @entity1722 @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ) correlates with treatment response. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 received @entity1311 150 mg/m2 followed by @entity136 2500 mg/m2, both on day 1 of 14-day cycles, with a maximum of eight cycles. Serum levels of @entity1722 @entity3144 were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS: All @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and 42 for efficacy. Overall @entity137 was low. Grade 3 @entity1398 occurred in 12% of @entity1 and grade 4 in 17%, and other grade 3 @entity137 in <5%. One @entity1 had an allergic infusion reaction. Overall response rate was 71% [95% confidence interval (CI) 62% to 81%], with 11 @entity1 achieving a complete response (26%). With a median follow-up of 26 months, the median time to progression was 16.6 months. Response rate correlated significantly with @entity1722 @entity3144 , with 42% of @entity1722 @entity3144 -positive @entity1 responding versus 83% of @entity1722 @entity3144 -negative @entity1 (P = 0.02). Furthermore, response duration was shorter in @entity1 with positive @entity1722 @entity3144 levels (7.9 versus 14.4 months; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 plus @entity136 given as an every 2-weeks schedule is a well tolerated and active regimen in advanced @entity0 . This is an attractive combination to use when @entity8253 are not indicated, such as in @entity1722 positive cases that receive trastuzumab. In addition, elevated levels of @entity1722 @entity3144 adversely affect the efficacy of treatment.

title: Biweekly @entity1311 plus XXXX in advanced @entity0 : phase II trial and predictive value of @entity1722 @entity3144 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['ECD', 'extracellular domain']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: @entity3147 during early development has been correlated with @entity73 in @entity1 , but the @entity528 caused by long-term @entity1131 are not well understood. We exposed @entity35 from gestation up to adulthood to a @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) diet, to emulate chronic @entity3147 in @entity1 . The offspring exhibited significantly impaired performance on the 'Gap-crossing' (GC) task after reaching maturity, a behavior that has been shown to depend on normal functioning of the somatosensory cortex. The physiological state of the somatosensory cortex was examined to determine neuronal correlates of the deficits in behavior. Extracellular multi-unit recording from layer 4 (L4) neurons that receive direct thalamocortical inputs and layers 2/3 (L2/3) neurons that are dominated by intracortical connections in the whisker-barrel cortex of @entity1131 @entity35 exhibited significantly low spontaneous activity and @entity308 responses to whisker stimulation. L4 neurons were more severely affected than L2/3 neurons. The response onset was significantly delayed in L4 cells. The peak response latency of L4 and L2/3 neurons was delayed significantly. In L2/3 and L4 of the barrel cortex there was a substantial increase in @entity19193 (112% over controls) and much smaller increase in @entity4474 (12-20%), suggesting enhanced inhibition in the @entity1131 cortex. These results show that chronic @entity1131 negatively affects both thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical transmission during somatosensory information processing. The findings support the interpretation that sustained @entity1131 interferes with features of cortical sensory processing that are likely to underlie the @entity73 reported in @entity1 who have suffered from @entity1162 .

title: Physiological slowing and upregulation of inhibition in cortex are correlated with behavioral deficits in protein malnourished XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments', 'cognitive and learning disabilities']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein-deficient', 'PD', 'protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['Protein malnutrition', 'protein malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal deficits']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Repeated vivid recalls or flashbacks of traumatic memories and @entity2414 are the cardinal features of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood yet. Here, we examined the effects of very strong fear conditioning (20 pairings of a light with a 1.5-mA, 0.5-s foot shock) and subsequent reexposure to the conditioning context (chamber A), a similar context (chamber B), and/or to the fear conditioned stimulus (CS) (a light) on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal @entity1249 area in anesthetized @entity35 . The conditioning procedure resulted in very strong conditioned fear, as reflected by high levels of persistent freezing, to both the contexts and to the CS, 24 h after fear conditioning. The induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) was blocked immediately after fear conditioning. It was still markedly impaired 24 h after fear conditioning; reexposure to the conditioning chamber A (CA) or to a similar chamber B (CB) did not affect the impairment. However, presentation of the CS in the CA exacerbated the impairment of LTP, whereas the CS presentation in a @entity73 so that LTP induction did not differ from that of control groups. The induction of long-term @entity308 (LTD) was facilitated immediately, but not 24 h, after fear conditioning. Only reexposure to the CS in the CA, but not reexposure to either chamber A or B alone, or the CS in chamber B, 24 h after conditioning, reinstated the facilitation of LTD induction. These data demonstrate that unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimuli in an intense fear conditioning paradigm can have profound effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, which may aid to understand the mechanisms underlying impairments of hippocampus-dependent memory by stress or in @entity1005 .

title: Effects of unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimuli in an intense fear conditioning paradigm on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal XXXX area in vivo.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['CB ameliorated the impairment']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: Background. @entity4350 was in Europe approved for treatment of metastatic soft tissue @entity242 (STS) in 2007 based on results of a phase II study with relatively few @entity1 . The purpose of this nationwide retrospective study was to assess efficacy and safety of using trabectedin in the entire unselected cohort of @entity1 with @entity3 and to test known, as well as new prognostic factors that may affect overall survival (OS). @entity1 and methods. Between January 2008 and April 2013, 117 @entity1 were treated with trabectedin for @entity3 in the three specialized @entity242 centers in Denmark. Known prognostic factors such as age, gender and performance status, the histopathology as well as other new factors such as response to previous chemotherapy and @entity2753 were tested. Results. Median age was 59 years. Lipo- and leiomysosarcomas (L-sarcomas) represented 43% of the cases and 18% had @entity2753 before the start of trabectedin. The median number of previous lines of chemotherapy was two (range 0-6) and the median number of chemotherapy cycles given before trabectedin was nine (range 0-85). The median number of trabectedin cycles was three (range 1-17). The median OS for the whole cohort was seven months. Poor performance status, @entity3257 , and @entity2753 were statistically significant adverse prognostic factors with median survival of: 4, 5, and 2 months compared to 9, 12 and 13 months, respectively. Moreover, having achieved clinical benefit [complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or @entity66 ( @entity66 )] from previous chemotherapy was a favorable prognostic factor for response to trabectedin. In multivariate analysis @entity2753 was the only independent significant poor prognostic factor affecting OS. Conclusions. This retrospective study confirmed the previously published safety and efficacy of trabectedin in @entity1 with @entity3 and showed @entity2753 to be a strong independent statistically significant poor prognostic factor.

title: The Danish experience with @entity4350 treatment for XXXX : Importance of @entity2753 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4350 :: ('MESH:C099150', 'Chemical') :: ['Trabectedin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-L-sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic sarcoma']


abstract: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for @entity64 prevention can be performed with minimal perioperative mortality and morbidity rates. The type of surgical technique used is important to achieve optimal outcome from CEA. The purpose of this study was to analyze the perioperative and late results of carotid eversion endarterectomy (CEE) in more than 400 procedures. From August 1992 to December 1999, 402 primary CEEs were performed in 388 selected @entity1 for symptomatic (235/58.4%) and asymptomatic (167/41.6%) carotid lesions. During the same period, 234 primary CEAs with patch closure were performed in 229 selected @entity1 . All CEAs were carried out with continuous electroencephalographic monitoring for selective shunting, using deep general anesthesia. All @entity1 underwent postoperative duplex ultrasound study and clinical follow-up at 1, 6, and 12 months and every year thereafter. The mean follow-up was 50 months (range 3-88). Main end points were perioperative @entity64 and @entity204 , and @entity256 . Our results showed that use of the CEE procedure can reduce perioperative mortality and @entity64 risk rates to around zero and results in no @entity256 .

title: Carotid eversion endarterectomy: perioperative outcome and XXXX incidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: A cold-labile @entity2227 dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.3) has been purified to homogeneity from the crude extracts of @entity25374 . The purified enzyme shows a dual coenzyme specificity, and both the @entity1110 and @entity2125 -dependent activities are equally cold-sensitive. The enzyme is highly specific for the substrates @entity15706 and @entity2227 . Kinetic studies with GDH indicate that the enzyme is primarily designed to catalyse the reductive amination of @entity15706 . The @entity1110 +-linked activity of GDH showed Km values 2.5 X 10(-4) M and 1.0 X 10(-2) M for @entity15706 and @entity2227 respectively. @entity2125 +-linked activity of GDH could be demonstrated only for the amination of @entity15706 but not for the deamination of @entity2227 . The Lineweaver-Burk plot with @entity3265 as substrate for @entity1110 -dependent activity shows a biphasic curve, indicating two apparent Km values (0.38 mM and 100 mM) for @entity3265 ; the same plot for @entity2125 -dependent activity shows only one apparent Km value (66 mM) for @entity3265 . The @entity1110 -dependent activity shows an optimum pH from 8.5 to 8.6 in Tris/HCl buffer, whereas in @entity17500 buffer the activity shows a plateau from pH 8.4 to 10.0. At high pH (greater than 9.5) @entity1522 in general strongly inhibit the reductive amination reaction by their competition with @entity15706 for the binding site on GDH. The native enzyme has a Mr = 285000 +/- 20000 and appears to be composed of six identical subunits of Mr = 48000 +/- 2000. The GDH level in A. brasilense is strongly regulated by the @entity1568 source in the growth medium.

title: @entity1110 / XXXX -dependent cold-labile @entity2227 dehydrogenase in @entity25374 . Purification and properties.

entities_list: @entity25374 :: ('192', 'Species') :: ['Azospirillum brasilense']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['2-oxoglutarate']

answer: @entity2125 :: (MESH:D009243,Chemical) :: ['NADH']


abstract: Profoundly deaf @entity1 who use a cochlear implant (CI) provide a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of auditory sensory deprivation on the maturing @entity1 central nervous system. Previous results suggest that @entity1 fitted with a CI show evidence of altered auditory cortical maturation, based on evoked potentials. This altered maturation was characterized by both latency delays and morphological changes in the cortical auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). Based on prolonged P(1) latencies compared to age-matched @entity393 ( @entity393 ) peers, these data suggested a delayed maturation nearly equivalent to the period of @entity2319 . However, rates of maturation for this AEP peak were essentially the same in @entity393 and CI @entity1 . This suggests that, given enough time, the AEPs of CI @entity1 would assume the characteristic morphology found in older @entity393 teens and @entity393 adults. However, the data also indicated a substantial alteration of the typical set of obligatory P(1)-N(1b)-P(2) peaks, specifically related to the absence of the N(1) potential. Recent analyses of more extensive sets of longitudinal and cross-sectional data indicate that even after many years of implant use, the AEPs of CI users in their late teens remain very different from those of their @entity393 peers. The P(1) peak latency remains prolonged and P(1) amplitude remains much larger in CI users than in age-matched @entity393 teens. These findings suggested that age-related changes in the P(1) peak are completed by 12 years of age. In addition, the normal N(1b) peak fails to emerge in virtually all of the CI @entity1 tested in our laboratory. A major new interpretation of the abnormal maturation of AEP waveforms in CI @entity1 is presented. It is based on direct evidence showing that a persistent @entity44 of the superficial layer axons has persistent negative effects on the generation of the N(1b) and, consequently, on the morphology of the AEPs. A comparison of scalp-recorded AEPs from implanted @entity1 with local field potentials measured from the cortical surface in deaf white kittens suggests the effects of @entity2319 and CI use are similar across these @entity1 species. For both species, a period of profound @entity2319 followed by CI stimulation reveals a substantial @entity44 in cortical activation even after a period of electrical stimulation by the CI.

title: Of kittens and kids: altered cortical maturation following profound XXXX and cochlear implant use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['normal-hearing', 'NH']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: We evaluated the efficacy of the @entity440 treatment in 37 @entity1 with @entity247 . All had distinct, easily palpable @entity0 with a diameter of over three cm. @entity158 , tenderness, and swelling associated with @entity247 were reported by six @entity1 . Eight of the @entity1 were @entity28 . One @entity1 also suffered from varicocele. @entity158 and size reduction was seen in all @entity1 with @entity440 treatment. No long-term side effects of @entity440 were observed. The dose of @entity440 was increased in three @entity1 due to poor response. Two of the treatment group had recurrence problem at follow-up. We did not need to refer any @entity1 to surgery. @entity440 treatment is relatively non-toxic, may be beneficial and we think it should be considered for @entity247 .

title: @entity440 treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast swellings']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['pubertal gynecomastia', 'gynecomastia']

answer: @entity247 :: (MESH:D006177,Disease) :: ['pubertal gynecomastia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of epimacular brachytherapy for the treatment of chronic, active neovascular age-related @entity1020 . METHODS: A prospective, multicenter, interventional noncontrolled clinical trial recruited 53 @entity1 with previously treated neovascular age-related @entity1020 . @entity1 underwent pars plana vitrectomy with a single 24 Gray dose of epimacular brachytherapy, delivered using an intraocular cannula containing a @entity9756 90/Yttrium 90 source that was positioned over the active lesion. @entity1 were retreated with ranibizumab, administered monthly as needed, using predefined retreatment criteria. Coprimary outcomes at 24 months were the proportion of @entity1 losing <15 Early Treatment of @entity6 Study letters and mean number of ranibizumab retreatments. RESULTS: Over 24 months, 68.1% lost <15 letters with a mean of 8.7 ranibizumab retreatments. Mean change in visual acuity was -6.3 (standard deviation, 18.9) letters. There was one case of nonproliferative @entity989 . CONCLUSION: The apparent reduction in ranibizumab retreatment was less evident in Year 2 than Year 1, with the moderate reduction in visual acuity extending into the second year. Although @entity989 occurred in one case, it was not vision threatening and safety remained acceptable.

title: Macular epiretinal brachytherapy in treated age-related XXXX (MERITAGE): month 24 safety and efficacy results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['Strontium']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['radiation retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the @entity452 stress test with continuous ST-segment monitoring in 12 standard leads. @entity1 AND METHOD: We analyzed 75 @entity1 , 36 with @entity1459 , 22 post- @entity583 angina, 3 after successful angioplasty, 6 @entity5749 , and 8 atypical @entity662 (with normal coronary arteries). All of them underwent coronary angiography (coronary lesions were considering significant with > 70%). Beta-blocking agents, @entity460 antagonists, and @entity3362 were discontinued for 48 h before the test. A 12-lead ECG was acquired automatically and ST-segment changes were monitored. @entity452 infusion started at 5 microgram/kg/min and was increased at 3-minute intervals to 10 microgram, 20 microgram, and a maximum of 40 microgram/kg/min. If heart rate did not reach 85% of the theoretical maximum, 0.5-1 mg @entity3897 was given without discontinuing @entity452 infusion. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 (67%) had abnormal coronary arteries (excluding vessels with 100% obstruction) and 25 @entity1 (33%) had normal arteries. In the group of @entity1 with coronary lesions, the test was abnormal in 90% and normal in 10%. In the group of @entity1 with normal arteries, the test was abnormal in 16% and normal in 84%. Consequently, the test had 90% sensitivity, 84% specificity, and 10% false negative and 16% false positive results. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the @entity452 /ECG test was a simple, effective, and safe bedside tool for diagnosing the severity of @entity301 .

title: [ XXXX stress test. Specificity and sensitivity of continuous ST-segment monitoring in 12 simultaneous standard ECG leads].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['Dobutamine']