abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 previously treated with @entity8253 for @entity1442 are usually refractory to any further treatment with @entity8253 and have a poor prognosis. Therefore, new drugs or new combinations of drugs are needed. One approach has been to focus on the type of chemotherapy with low @entity137 that preserves quality of life during treatment, such as weekly drug administration. STUDY DESIGN: We designed a dose-finding study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of @entity136 plus @entity1205 , given on a weekly schedule in metastatic @entity0 previously treated with @entity8253 . Three escalating doses of @entity136 (900, 1000 and 1100 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8 in combination with a fixed dose of @entity1205 , 35 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 were planned. Dose-limiting @entity137 included grade > 3 hematologic @entity137 , grade > 2 @entity3136 , @entity1395 , @entity294 or organ-specific @entity137 (except @entity1665 ). Dose escalation was stopped if 1 out of 3 @entity1 at any dose level experienced dose-limiting @entity137 . RESULTS: Nine @entity1 received a mean of 5.1 (range, 1-9) cycles. Gastrointestinal and @entity1431 were the main dose-limiting @entity137 . No @entity1 experienced dose-limiting @entity137 at dose level 1; at dose level 2, 2 out of 3 @entity1 had dose-limiting @entity137 and 3 additional @entity1 treated at dose level 2 confirmed that the maximum tolerated dose had been reached. CONCLUSIONS: The recommended @entity136 dose in combination with @entity1205 (35 mg/m2 for a phase II study) was established at 900 mg/m2.

title: @entity1205 and @entity136 in the treatment of metastatic XXXX : a dose finding study.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3511 has been shown to be an independent risk factor for @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity130 . We propose to characterize orthopedic @entity1 with severe @entity1661 . We hypothesize that operative @entity174 of the thoracolumbar spine, pelvis, acetabulum, or femur @entity149 in @entity1 with blunt @entity3511 . METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 presenting to a Level I @entity130 center with @entity3511 between 2000 and 2006 was performed. Adult @entity1 between the ages of 18 years and 65 years with high-energy, blunt @entity130 resulting in severe @entity3511 (abdomen Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score >=  3) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 18 or greater were included. @entity1 were divided into two comparison groups as follows: the @entity174 group had operative @entity174 of the pelvis, acetabulum, thoracolumbar spine, and/or femur, and the control group did not sustain these @entity174 of interest. Systemic complications were documented. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The control group included 91 @entity1 , and the @entity174 group included 106 @entity1 with 136 @entity174 of interest. With unadjusted analysis, the @entity174 group had more complications (34% [36 of 106] vs. 18% [16 of 91], p = 0.010), including adult @entity649 (8% [8 of 106] vs. 1% [1 of 91], p = 0.040), and @entity295 (11% [12 of 106] vs. 3% [3 of 91], p = 0.056). Logistic regression modeling demonstrates that the presence of an operative @entity174 increased the odds of developing at least one complication approximately three times (odds ratio, 2.88, p = 0.006), after controlling for presence of @entity764 and type of injured abdominal organ. CONCLUSION: Operative @entity174 of the thoracolumbar spine, pelvis, acetabulum and femur increase the risk of developing @entity149 in @entity1 with blunt @entity3511 . Further study is necessary to optimize treatment protocols for these high-risk @entity1 .

title: The impact of major operative XXXX in blunt @entity3511 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['systemic complications', 'increase systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury', 'Abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['extremity injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: We have used @entity692 ceramic as a bone substitute for grafting in extensive bone replacement. @entity692 is composed of @entity78 and is incorporated into bone as a physiological mineral. It is not antigenic, carcinogenic or osteogenic. The material used in this study differs from other @entity692 ceramics in that it is an interconnected porous system. Between 1981 and 1986 we used this material on forty five occasions in 44 @entity1 . It was combined with autologous cancellous bone graft in 38 cases and used alone in a further seven. It was usually employed to fill defects after @entity2001 and for long fusions in @entity1 with @entity1635 . It was also used to fill @entity79 after @entity130 , for non-union in the lumbosacral area, for anterior vertebral fusions, in limb sparing operations for @entity5 , and in exchange operations after failed joint endoprostheses. We have not seen incompatibility or rejection of the implanted material. The rate of @entity86 was higher than usual due to the selection of @entity1 , but did not appear to be connected with the use of @entity692 ceramic. We were able to review 36 @entity1 up to sixty months after operation. The results are encouraging with no difference in progress compared with @entity1 in whom simple autologous bone grafts had been used.

title: XXXX ceramic as a bone substitute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumours']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['removal of bone cysts']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite', 'Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyapatite']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rheumatologists base many clinical decisions regarding the management of @entity32 on joint counts performed at clinic. We investigated the reliability and accuracy of physically examining the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints to detect inflammatory @entity603 using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the gold standard. METHODS: @entity2720 2 to 5 in both hands of 5 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 5 with @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) were assessed by 5 independent examiners for joint-line swelling (visually and by palpation); joint-line @entity925 by palpation (tender joint count, TJC) and @entity158 ; and by MRI (1.5 Tesla superconducting magnet). Interrater reliability was assessed using kappa statistics, and agreement between examination and corresponding MRI assessment was assessed by Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05 considered statistically significant). RESULTS: Interrater agreement was highest for visual assessment of swelling (kappa = 0.55-0.63), slight-fair for assessment of swelling by palpation (kappa = 0.19-0.41), and moderate (kappa = 0.41-0.58) for assessment of joint @entity925 . In @entity1 with @entity309 , TJC, @entity158 , and visual swelling assessment were strongly associated with MRI evaluation of @entity603 . Visual swelling assessment demonstrated high specificity (> 0.8) and positive predictive value (= 0.8). For @entity5144 , significant associations exist between TJC and MRI @entity603 scores (p < 0.01) and @entity158 and MRI @entity4 scores (p < 0.04). Assessment of swelling by palpation was not significantly associated with @entity603 or @entity4 as determined by MRI in @entity309 or @entity5144 (p = 0.54-1.0). CONCLUSION: In @entity625 , disease activity in @entity2720 can be reliably assessed at the bedside by examining for @entity227 . Clinical assessment may have to be complemented by other methods for evaluating disease activity in the joint, such as MRI, particularly in @entity1 with @entity5144 .

title: Significance of clinical evaluation of the metacarpophalangeal joint in relation to synovial/bone pathology in XXXX detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory joint diseases']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['joint-line tenderness (TJC) and visual inspection for swelling']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['stress pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['MCP joints']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: AIM: To prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of stapled trans-anal rectal resection (STARR) compared to standard conservative treatment, and whether preoperative symptoms and findings at defecography and anorectal manometry can predict the outcome of STARR. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 (Female, 28; age: 51    9 years) with rectocele or rectal intussusception, a @entity74 , and functional @entity1142 were submitted for STARR. Thirty comparable @entity1 (Female, 30; age 53    13 years), who presented with symptoms of rectocele or rectal intussusception and were treated with @entity968 , were assessed. @entity1 were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire at study enrollment and 38    18 mo after the STARR procedure or during @entity968 treatment. A responder was defined as an absence of the Rome III diagnostic criteria for functional @entity1142 . Defecography and rectoanal manometry were performed before and after the STARR procedure in 16 and 12 @entity1 , respectively. RESULTS: After STARR, 53% of @entity1 were responders; during conservative treatment, 75% were responders. After STARR, 30% of the @entity1 reported the use of laxatives, 17% had intermittent anal @entity158 , 13% had anal leakage, 13% required digital facilitation, 6% experienced defecatory urgency, 6% experienced @entity1241 , and 6% required re-intervention. During @entity968 therapy, 23% of the @entity1 complained of abdominal bloating and 13% of borborygmi, and 3% required digital facilitation. No preoperative symptom, defecographic, or manometric finding predicted the outcome of STARR. Post-operative defecography showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) of the rectal diameter and rectocele. The post-operative anorectal manometry showed that anal pressure and rectal sensitivity were not significantly modified, and that rectal compliance was reduced (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: STARR is not better and is less safe than @entity968 in the treatment of @entity74 . It could be considered as an alternative therapy in @entity1 unresponsive to @entity968 .

title: Comparative outcome of stapled trans-anal rectal resection and XXXX in the treatment of @entity74 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['defecation disorder', 'defecation disorders']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['macrogol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['macrogol']


abstract: Three-dimensional treatment planning has been used by four cooperating centers to prepare and analyze multiple treatment plans on two cervix @entity5 @entity1 . One @entity1 had biopsy-proven and CT-demonstrable @entity3 to the para-aortic nodes, while the other was at high risk for metastatic involvement of para-aortic nodes. Volume dose distributions were analyzed, and an attempt was made to define the role of 3-D treatment planning to the para-aortic region, where moderate to high doses (50-66 Gy) are required to sterilize microscopic and gross @entity3 . Plans were prepared using the 3-D capabilities for tailoring fields to the target volumes, but using standard field arrangements (3-D standard), and with full utilization of the 3-D capabilities (3-D unconstrained). In some but not all 3-D unconstrained plans, higher doses were delivered to the large nodal volume and to the volume containing gross nodal disease than in plans analyzed but not prepared with full 3-D capability (3-D standard). The small bowel was the major dose limiting organ. Its tolerance would have been exceeded in all plans which prescribed 66 Gy to the gross nodal mass, although some reduction in small bowel near-maximum dose was achieved in the 3-D unconstrained plans. All plans were able to limit doses to other normal organs to tolerance levels or less, with significant reductions seen in doses to spinal cord, kidneys, and large bowel in the 3-D unconstrained plans, as compared to the 3-D standard plans. A high probability of small bowel injury was detected in one of four 3-D standard plans prescribed to receive 50 Gy to the large para-aortic nodal volume; the small bowel dose was reduced to an acceptable level in the corresponding 3-D unconstrained plan. An optimum beam energy for treating this site was not identified, with plans using 4, 6, 10, 15, 18, and 25 MV photons all being equally acceptable. Attempts to deliver moderate or high doses (50-66 Gy) to this region should be made only after careful analysis of the plan with techniques similar to those employed in this study.

title: Three-dimensional treatment planning for para-aortic node irradiation in XXXX with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between epidural anaesthesia and long term @entity615 after childbirth. DESIGN: Data from postal questionnaire on morbidity after childbirth sent to @entity1 who had delivered in one maternity hospital between 1978 and 1985 were linked to maternity case notes for each @entity1 . SETTING: Maternity hospital in Birmingham. SUBJECTS: 11,701 @entity1 who had delivered their most recent baby at the maternity hospital during the defined period and who returned their completed questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Of the 1634 @entity1 who reported @entity615 , 1132 (69%) had had it for over a year. A significant association was found between @entity615 and epidural anaesthesia (relative risk = 1.8); 903 of 4766 @entity1 (18.9%) who had had epidural anaesthesia reported this symptom, compared with 731 of the 6935 @entity1 (10.5%) who had not had epidural anaesthesia. This association was consistent in both "normal" and "abnormal" deliveries, the only exception being after an elective caesarean section when no excess @entity615 occurred after epidural anaesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The relation between @entity615 and epidural anaesthesia is probably causal. It seems to result from a combination of effective analgesia and stressed posture during labour. Further investigations on the mechanisms causing @entity615 after epidural anaesthesia are required.

title: Epidural anaesthesia and long term XXXX after childbirth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['backache']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['backache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity392 is a distressing ailment with limited options for therapy and affecting the quality of life of sufferers. This study aims to investigate the impact of @entity392 on the health related quality of life, the psychological and emotional wellbeing of @entity1 in our environment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity392 presenting to the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital and The Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Jos were assessed and administered the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) and the RAND-36 item health survey 1.0 questionnaires. RESULTS: We studied 49 @entity1 , age range 22- 79 years (mean = 36.8; median = 35.5; SD =    12.7) consisting of 22 (44.9%) males and 27 (55.1%) females, male to female ratio of 1:1.2. @entity1 in the age range 31 to 40 were in the majority (n = 20; 40.4%). @entity308 were recorded in 14 (28.6%) female @entity1 and 11 (22.4%) male @entity1 . @entity148 were recorded in 18 (36.7%) female @entity1 and 16 (32.6%) male @entity1 . 34 (69.4%) of our @entity1 scored low on all QoL domains except @entity158 levels irrespective of age or gender with statistically significant positive correlations between all the QoL domains studied for all @entity1 (P-value 0.5). Univariate analysis shows statistically significant inverse correlation between emotional distress ( @entity148 and @entity308 ) scores and each of emotional wellbeing scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates high prevalence of @entity392 amongst the younger population in our region especially females with significant reduction in their HRQoL. This should help in raising the awareness of the impact of @entity392 on the QoL, psychological and emotional wellbeing of @entity1 in our region with a view to improving outcome for @entity392 sufferers. We recommend a further study on a larger sample population to determine the socioeconomic impact of @entity392 on the Nigerian population.

title: The impact of @entity392 on adult Nigerians: health related Quality of Life assessment of sufferers using the Hospital Anxiety and XXXX Scale (HADS) and the RAND-36 item health survey 1.0 questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'Tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: A secondary mutation ( @entity9513 ) in @entity470 ( @entity470 ) is a hallmark of acquired resistance to @entity470 inhibitors used to treat @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Therefore, identifying the @entity9513 mutation is crucial to guide treatment decisions. Given that DNA sequencing methods are time-consuming and insensitive, we developed and investigated the feasibility of using molecular beacons for the detection of the @entity9513 mutation in @entity470 . A molecular beacon complementary to the region of the secondary @entity470 mutation ( @entity9513 ) was designed and used in @entity1149 samples bearing drug-sensitive and -resistant @entity470 mutations. For a rapid and simple assay, we attempted to use the molecular beacon with real-time PCR and in situ fluorescence imaging. The ability of the designed molecular beacon to specifically detect the @entity9513 mutation of @entity470 was tested for samples from two @entity1 with drug resistance and compared with conventional DNA sequencing methods. The molecular beacon successfully detected the @entity9513 mutation in @entity1 samples with drug resistance. The sensitivity of the molecular beacon, which detected as little as 2% of genomic DNA from the drug-resistant cells (H1975), was much higher than direct sequencing. Furthermore, in situ fluorescence imaging with the molecular beacon gave rise to a distinguishable signal for the @entity9513 mutation in drug-resistant cells. The molecular beacon-based approach enabled rapid and sensitive detection of the @entity470 mutation ( @entity9513 ) in @entity1149 with in situ fluorescence imaging, which can be directed to determine various treatment options in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Rapid detection of the @entity470 mutation in XXXX for analysis of acquired resistance using molecular beacons.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Older @entity1 with @entity174 are not commonly tested or treated for @entity170 . Compared to usual care, a previously reported intervention led to 30% absolute increases in @entity170 treatment within 6 months of wrist @entity174 . Our objective was to examine longer-term outcomes, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness of this intervention. METHODS: We conducted an extended analysis of a non-randomized controlled trial with blinded ascertainment of outcomes that compared a multifaceted intervention to usual care controls. @entity1 >50 years with a wrist @entity174 treated in two Emergency Departments in the province of Alberta, Canada were included; those already treated for @entity170 were excluded. Overall, 102 @entity1 participated in this study (55 intervention and 47 controls; median age: 66 years; 78% were @entity1 ). The interventions consisted of faxed physician reminders that contained @entity170 treatment guidelines endorsed by opinion leaders and @entity1 counseling. Controls received usual care; at 6-months post- @entity174 , when the original trial was completed, all controls were crossed-over to intervention. The main outcomes were rates of @entity170 testing and treatment within 6 months (original study) and 1 year (delayed intervention) of @entity174 , and 1-year persistence with treatments started. From the perspective of the healthcare payer, the cost-effectiveness (using a Markov decision-analytic model) of the intervention was compared with usual care over a lifetime horizon. RESULTS: Overall, 40% of the intervention @entity1 (vs. 10% of the controls) started treatment within 6 months post- @entity174 , and 82% (95%CI: 67-96%) had persisted with it at 1-year post- @entity174 . Delaying the intervention to controls for 6 months still led to equivalent rates of bone mineral density (BMD) testing (64 vs. 60% in the original study; p = 0.72) and @entity170 treatment (43 vs. 40%; p = 0.77) as previously reported. Compared with usual care, the intervention strategy was dominant - per @entity1 , it led to a  13 Canadian (U.S.  9) cost savings and a gain of 0.012 quality-adjusted life years. Base-case results were most sensitive to assumptions about treatment cost; for example, a 50% increase in the price of @entity170 medication led to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of  24,250 Canadian (U.S.  17,218) per quality-adjusted life year gained. CONCLUSIONS: A pragmatic intervention directed at @entity1 and physicians led to substantial improvements in @entity170 treatment, even when delivered 6-months post- @entity174 . From the healthcare payer's perspective, the intervention appears to have led to both cost-savings and gains in life expectancy.

title: Persistence, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness of an intervention to improve the quality of XXXX care after a @entity174 of the wrist: results of a controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Glucocorticoid resistance is a rare @entity74 characterized by reduced sensitivity to @entity701 signaling and subsequent hyperactivation of the @entity2339 . OBJECTIVE: The objective was to confirm the diagnosis of glucocorticoid resistance in the @entity1 , to determine the degree of suppression of @entity701 and ACTH levels in response to @entity619 , and to determine the underlying @entity74 and functional consequences of the mutation. @entity1 AND METHODS: The @entity1 presented on the first day of life with profound @entity4053 . Initial @entity701 levels were appropriately elevated; however, the @entity1 was found to have persistently elevated levels of both @entity701 and ACTH. The baby developed a tanned appearance and severe @entity101 and fatigued easily with feeding. Serial oral @entity619 suppression tests were performed with doses escalating from 0.125 mg to 12 mg @entity619 given at 2300 h. Sequencing of the @entity4738 gene was performed along with functional studies of the @entity4738 . GH secretion was assessed with an @entity369 glucagon stimulation test. RESULTS: @entity701 and ACTH levels did not suppress with doses of up to 12 mg @entity619 . A 2-bp deletion was found at @entity535 position 773 of the @entity4738 ligand binding domain. A complete lack of @entity619 binding and in vitro biological effect was demonstrated. GH stimulation testing was consistent with @entity2338 . CONCLUSION: The homozygous mutation in the ligand-binding domain of the @entity4738 gene resulted in a functionally inactive @entity4738 and apparent complete glucocorticoid resistance with @entity2338 .

title: Neonatal complete generalized glucocorticoid resistance and @entity2338 caused by a novel homozygous mutation in Helix 12 of the ligand binding domain of the XXXX gene ( @entity4738 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['biochemical GH deficiency', 'GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic condition', 'genetic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']


abstract: We aimed to evaluate whether addition of myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) perfusion data improves the sensitivity of stress echocardiography for detection of single-vessel @entity453 (svCAD) and to compare the diagnostic value of MCE and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for detection of svCAD. METHODS: One hundred and three @entity1 with suspected or known stable CAD underwent @entity4341 (0.84 mg kg(-1) intravenously over 4 min)- @entity3897 (up to 1 mg intravenously) stress echocardiography combined with MCE. @entity854 ( @entity854 ) and perfusion defects were assessed visually. Presence of CAD was detected by coronary angiography. RESULTS: @entity453 defined as >or=70% stenosis was detected in 30% of @entity1 , whereas 26% of @entity1 had svCAD defined as >or=50% stenosis. Presence of inducible @entity854 had 35% and 26% sensitivity for detection of svCAD defined as >or=70% and >or=50% stenosis, respectively. Concomitant evaluation of MCE increased the sensitivity to 74% (P = 0.005) and 56% (P = 0.053), respectively, using any inducible abnormality ( @entity854 or perfusion defects) as a criterion. Presence of any (inducible or fixed) @entity854 had 77% and 59% sensitivity for detection of svCAD defined as >or=70% and >or=50% stenosis, respectively. In case of such criterion for stress test positivity, the improvement in sensitivity provided by addition of MCE (to 94% and 78%, respectively) did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of MCE perfusion analysis during stress echocardiographical examination based on evaluation of inducible abnormalities improves the test sensitivity for detection of svCAD. This benefit is less apparent when fixed @entity854 and perfusion defects are incorporated into the stress test positivity criterion.

title: XXXX by dipyridamole stress echocardiography: no longer a problem?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Wall motion abnormalities', 'WMA']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'Single-vessel coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Detection of single-vessel coronary artery disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the @entity137 of concurrent weekly @entity900 and radiation therapy (RT) for locally advanced cervical @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 2001 and December 2004, 21 consecutive previously untreated @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity5 were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) at the Tokushima University Hospital. Clinical stages were II: 5, III: 15, @entity3480 : 1. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was delivered with 10 MV X-rays, 2 Gy fraction per day; total dose to the whole pelvis was 50 Gy. Iridium-192 @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) intracavitary radiation therapy was performed with 10-30 Gy (median, 24 Gy) targeted at point A. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of @entity900 , administered weekly at a dose of 40 mg/m2 for @entity1 who were younger than 65 years and 30 mg/m2 for those 65 years or over. A maximum single dose of @entity900 , up to 70 mg/body, was administered in 5 cycles during EBRT. RESULTS: A total of 86 cycles of @entity900 were administered to the 21 @entity1 , with a median of 4 cycles (range, 2-5). Severe @entity1503 occurred in 18 @entity1 (86%), including grade 3 in 17 @entity1 (81%) and grade 4 in one @entity1 (4.8%). Moderate or severe @entity344 occurred in 11 @entity1 (52%), including grade 2 in 10 @entity1 (48%) and grade 3 in one @entity1 (4.8%). The grades of @entity1503 were significantly greater in the 40 mg/m2 group than in the 30 mg/m2 group. All of the @entity1 who were administered 40 mg/m2 of @entity900 developed grade 3 or greater @entity1503 , including one @entity1 with grade 4 @entity137 . In the 30 mg/m2 group, 3 of 10 @entity1 developed less than grade 3 @entity137 , and all @entity1 completed radiation therapy without interruption. CONCLUSION: The incidence of severe acute @entity1503 was significantly higher in this study than in previously reported randomized controlled trials (RCTs), especially in the group of 40 mg/m2 @entity900 . A dose of 30 mg/m2 of @entity900 was considered to be feasible in weekly @entity900 and radiation therapy.

title: @entity5 : XXXX of concurrent weekly @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Life-threatening @entity548 is a leading cause of preventable mortality in @entity130 @entity1 . Since publication of the Hartford Consensus statement, there has been intense interest in civilian use of commercial hemostatic gauze and tourniquets. Although the military has studied their use on soldiers with wartime injuries, there are limited data on @entity1 outcomes following civilian prehospital use and no data on the use in rural @entity130 . METHODS: We performed a multi-institutional retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes following prehospital use of QuikClot combat gauze (QC) and combat application tourniquets ( @entity468 ) from 2009 to 2014. The primary outcome measured was effectiveness. Secondary outcomes included morbidity, mortality, @entity1 ' demographics, injury characteristics, and hospital outcomes. RESULTS: Between 2009 and 2014, 95 @entity1 were managed by prehospital personnel with QC and/or CAT. Forty received QC, 61 received CAT, and 6 received both products. The median age was 40 years (6-91 years), 29% were female, and the median injury severity score was 7 (1-25). QuikClot combat gauze was 89% effective. Minimal morbidity was associated with QC use. Combat application tourniquet was 98% effective. Median tourniquet time was 21 minutes (6-142 minutes), the median injury severity score was 9 (1-50), and mortality was 9.8%. Morbidities observed with tourniquet use included amputation, fasciotomy, @entity5925 , and @entity810 . Risk of amputation was associated with higher injury severity (p = 0.04) but not with elderly age, @entity28 , or the presence of medical comorbidities. No amputations resulted solely from the use of tourniquets. CONCLUSIONS: QuikClot combat gauze and CAT are safe and effective adjuncts for @entity548 control in the rural civilian @entity130 across a wide range of injury patterns. In a rural civilian population including @entity1 , @entity1 , and elderly @entity1 with medical comorbidities, these devices are associated with minimal morbidity beyond that of the original injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level V.

title: A multi-institutional study of hemostatic gauze and tourniquets in rural civilian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity394 has been shown to be associated with altered cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity394 during the course of vestibular physical therapy. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 (mean age = 52, standard deviation = 11) with previously diagnosed @entity394 were tested at the beginning and end of rehabilitation. The Motor and Perceptual Inhibition Test (MAPIT) was used to assess manual reaction times when responding to various stimuli presented on a computer screen. Additional physical performance measures and questionnaires related to dizziness, fear of falling, and activities of daily living were used to quantify change during the 6-week intervention period. The repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (a measure of memory and executive function) was used to ensure that @entity1 did not have memory or executive function deficits. RESULTS: Overall, there were no significant differences in MAPIT score before versus after physical therapy intervention, however there were some @entity1 who demonstrated improvements in @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) and perceptual inhibition (PI) scores. Interstingly, 8 of the 9 @entity1 with abnormal caloric test findings had improvements on 2 of the PI scores. Overall 50% to 64% of the @entity1 demonstrated improvement in the 4 different MAPIT scores. There were improvements in physical performance and self-report measures at the end of the 6-week physical therapy intervention program. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Individuals with @entity394 may show improvement in @entity1957 and PI after a 6-week physical therapy intervention program; those with abnormalities on caloric and rotational chair tests appear especially likely to experience improvement in PI. Additional study is needed to determine whether individuals with @entity394 have @entity51 in @entity1957 and PI.

title: Perceptual and XXXX in individuals with @entity394 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor inhibition', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular disorders', 'vestibular disease', 'Vestibular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['remediable deficits']

answer: @entity1957 :: (MESH:D019957,Disease) :: ['motor inhibition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visitors may play a significant role in @entity1 care by interceding on @entity1 ' behalf and advocating proper care. STUDY OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the percentage of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 with visitors, whether this varied by gender or race, and to compare @entity1 and visitor perspectives on the role and importance of visitors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done in a 46,035 adult-visit, urban @entity341 during a consecutive 96-h period. A "visitor" was defined as any non-health-care provider present in a @entity1 's room. Perspectives of visitors' role were assessed in five domains: transportation, emotional support, physical care, communication, and advocacy. RESULTS: Forty-two percent of @entity1 had at least one visitor during their @entity341 stay. Visitor presence was unaffected by @entity1 ' age, gender, or triage score; however, 57% of white @entity1 had at least one visitor during their stay, compared to 39% for non-Whites (p = 0.02). When @entity1 had one or more visitors, gender and triage score did not influence the number of visitors; however, older @entity1 and nonwhite @entity1 had greater numbers of visitors (age >=  40 years, 1.5    0.8 vs. age < 40, 1.2    0.6 visitors/ @entity1 ; p = 0.03 and nonwhite @entity1 , 1.4    0.7 vs. white @entity1 , 1.1    0.3 visitors/ @entity1 ; p = 0.03). Seventy-eight percent of @entity1 felt that visitors were important to their care. CONCLUSIONS: Visitors represent a valuable resource for @entity1 , and methods of partnering with visitors to improve outcomes merit further work.

title: Perspectives on visitors in the XXXX : their role and importance.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Muscle strength measurement is important when evaluating the degree of impairment in @entity1 with @entity128 . However, accurate and objective evaluation may be difficult in @entity1 with severe @entity158 or those who intentionally try to avoid full exertion. We investigated the usefulness of the affected-to-unaffected side electrophysiological parameter ratios as a measure of objective ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) strength in @entity1 with unilateral @entity3030 ( @entity3030 ). ADF strength was measured in @entity1 with @entity3030 via handheld dynamometer and manual muscle test (MMT). Fibular nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and latency and ADF strength of the affected side were presented as ratios to the corresponding measurements of the unaffected side. We analysed the correlation of the CMAP ratio with the ADF strength ratio using a dynamometer and compared the CMAP ratios according to MMT grade. Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity3030 were enrolled. The mean CMAP latency ratio did not differ between MMT groups (p  =  0.573). The CMAP amplitude ratio proportionally increased with the quantified ADF strength ratio via dynamometer increase (    =  0.790; p  <  0.001), but the CMAP latency ratio and the quantified ADF strength ratio did not significantly correlate (    =  0.052; p  =  0.713). The average CMAP amplitude ratio significantly differed between MMT groups (p  <  0.001), and post hoc tests showed significant differences in all paired comparisons except of Fair and Good grades (p  =  0.064). Electrophysiological parameter ratio, such as the affected-to-unaffected side CMAP amplitude ratio, might be sensitive parameters for ADF power estimation after @entity3030 .

title: Correlation between muscle electrophysiology and strength after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['fibular nerve injury', 'FNI']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

answer: @entity3030 :: (MESH:D020427,Disease) :: ['fibular nerve injury']


abstract: There is an association between @entity28 and @entity712 associated with @entity1002 . Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that is downregulated in @entity28 . Here, we examined the role of adiponectin in cardiac remodeling after @entity583 with loss- and gain-of-function genetic manipulations in an experimental model. @entity583 was created in adiponectin-deficient ( @entity30206 -KO) and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 by the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. For some experiments, adenoviral vectors expressing adiponectin or beta-galactosidase were delivered systemically. Cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiographic and Millar catheter measurements. Myocardial capillary density was assessed by staining with anti- @entity5231 antibody. Myocyte apoptotic activity was determined by TUNEL-staining. @entity296 was evaluated by Masson's trichrome staining. @entity30206 -KO @entity19 showed exacerbated @entity5988 , myocyte @entity1184 and @entity409 compared with @entity164 @entity19 at 4 weeks after LAD ligation. Impaired LV function in @entity30206 -KO @entity19 was coupled to myocyte @entity1184 , increased apoptotic activity and @entity82 in the remote zone, and reduced capillary density in the @entity1188 . No difference in @entity1188 size was observed between @entity164 and @entity30206 -KO @entity19 . Administration of adenovirus-mediated adiponectin in @entity164 @entity19 resulted in decreased LV dilatation and improved LV function that was associated with increased capillary density in the @entity1188 and decreased myocyte @entity1184 , diminished myocardial apoptosis and @entity82 in the remote zone. These data suggest that adiponectin protects against the development of @entity299 after @entity583 through its abilities to suppress @entity1283 and @entity82 , and protect against myocyte and capillary loss.

title: Adiponectin protects against the development of XXXX following @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dilation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'decreased interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct border zone', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['systolic dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the @entity419 uptake features and the correlation between @entity419 uptake and the prognosis in @entity1 with @entity2 . METHODS: One hundred and seventeen @entity1 with stage   @entity2220 proved by surgery, who underwent a preoperative @entity8984 -FDG PET-CT, were studied retrospectively. The @entity5 ' SUVmax in different groups of clinicopathologic factors were compared. The correlations between the SUVmax and clinicopathologic factors were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. The ROC was plotted to estimate the most discriminative cut-off point for SUVmax in predicting the recurrence or progression of @entity5 . The progression-free survival (PFS) in different clinicopathologic groups were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. RESULTS: The SUVmax of pathologic @entity2 were significantly different in different groups of gender, @entity5 size, density, @entity5 differentiation grade and T staging, respectively (P<0.05 for all). @entity1 with a larger @entity5 size, a higher proportion of solid component, poorer grade of @entity5 differentiation had a higher SUVmax. The T1b group had a higher SUVmax than T1a and T2a groups. The male group had a higher SUVmax than the female group. The SUVmax was positively correlated with the size of the @entity420 (P<0.01), and was negatively correlated with both the density and @entity5 differentiation grade (P<0.01). But there was no correlation between SUVmax and the T stage (P>0.05). The @entity1 with an SUVmax of <3.0 had a much better PFS (75.1  3.0 month)than those with an SUVmax of >= 3.0 (52.7  5.9 month)(P<0.01). The @entity5 with a poorer differentiation grade was associated with reduced PFS (45.7  5.4 months) compared with those with well differentiated @entity5 (76.7  4.2 month)(P<0.05). The PFS showed no statistically significant differences in different gender, age, smoking history, @entity5 size, density and T staging groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity419 uptake is correlated with the @entity5 size, density, and differentiation grade, and has a prognostic value for predicting the PFS in the @entity1 with pathologic stage    @entity2220 . @entity1 with an SUVmax of <3.0 have a much better PFS than those with an SUVmax of >= 3.0.

title: [Correlation analysis between XXXX uptake features and the prognosis in @entity1 with pathologic stage     @entity2220 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['stage   lung adenocarcinomas', 'pathologic stage   lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung-adenocarcinoma', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-FDG']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into the mechanisms which contribute to the development of vascular @entity1184 in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). DESIGN: These experiments were performed under conditions which most closely mimic the growth of smooth muscle in blood vessels, i.e. once cell-cell contact has been achieved. METHODS: A comparison of the growth characteristics (growth rates and cell density at quiescence) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from SHR and normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 . RESULTS: In the presence of foetal calf serum (1, 2.5, 5 and 10%), early passaged VSMC from SHR exhibited higher growth rates and reached higher densities at quiescence than VSMC from WKY @entity35 . Accelerated growth rates could not be attributed to differences in cell-cell interactions. Also, growth rates and cell density at quiescence appear to be regulated by distinct mechanisms. @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) caused an inhibition of serum-stimulated proliferation of confluent VSMC from WKY @entity35 . In contrast, @entity1810 had little, if any, inhibitory action upon the growth of VSMC from SHR. Scatchard analysis of 125I- @entity1810 binding to VSMC from both strains yielded a single class of high affinity binding sites. CONCLUSIONS: VSMC from SHR exhibit enhanced proliferation, attain a higher cell density at quiescence and are less susceptible to growth inhibition by @entity1810 than VSMC from WKY @entity35 . All these characteristics of SHR VSMC may contribute to the development of vascular @entity1184 in this strain.

title: Vascular smooth muscle growth in XXXX : evidence for multiple abnormalities in growth regulatory pathways.

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta 1', 'Transforming growth factor-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['genetic hypertension']


abstract: Implantation of polymeric wafers to deliver a chemotherapeutic drug is the most popular strategy against a @entity1313 , but the understanding on local drug transport to influence the treatment efficacy is often overlooked. In this work, we employ a computational fluid dynamics simulation to study the suitability of four chemotherapeutic agents from a transport perspective, which specifically are @entity3600 , @entity1311 , @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). The study is based on the diffusion/reaction/convection model, in which Darcy's law is used to account the convective contribution of the interstitial fluid. A realistic three-dimensional (3D) tissue geometry is extracted from magnetic resonance images (MRI) of a @entity1313 . Our analysis explains how the distribution of the drug in the @entity1313 is sensitively coupled to its physico-chemical properties. For the postulated conditions, only @entity1311 exhibits minimal degradation within the cavity: its effective cavity concentration is at least two times higher than those of others. It also exhibits the best penetration of the @entity5 , so that the @entity5 is exposed to higher effective concentration up to two orders of magnitude as compared to others. It is also found that @entity5 receives uneven distribution of drug concentration, in which, even @entity1311 fails to provide adequate penetration on that part of the cavity surface nearest to the ventricles. In addition, we consider antiangiogenic treatment, which has been postulated to be a way to avoid drug loss from the treatment region by convection. It is shown that convection is of only marginal importance and that renormalization has little effect.

title: Chemotherapeutic drug transport to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'remnant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the pre-operative clinical factors of a group of early @entity5 @entity1 and correlate them to the risk for adjuvant radiotherapy using GOG 92 and 109 criteria. METHOD: A retrospective chart review of cervical @entity5 @entity1 treated at the Saint Louis University Division of Gynecologic Oncology between the years 1989 and 2004 was performed. The results were compared with chi-squared testing and multivariable regression analysis. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-one cervical @entity5 @entity1 underwent exploration for radical hysterectomy during the study time period. Five @entity1 had stage @entity9216 disease, 6 @entity1 had stage @entity9217 disease, 98 @entity1 had stage @entity3846 disease, 20 @entity1 had stage @entity3847 disease and one @entity1 had @entity5 . No @entity1 with stage @entity9216 or @entity9217 disease met criteria for adjuvant radiotherapy. The @entity1 with stage @entity3846 @entity5 who were 45 years of age or younger and had @entity5 up to 2 cm in diameter had a low (14%) likelihood for treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy. The @entity1 with stage @entity3846 @entity5 who were older than 45 years of age with @entity5 larger than 2 cm in diameter and the @entity1 with stage @entity3847 @entity5 both had a high likelihood for adjuvant radiotherapy (77% and 90% respectively). CONCLUSION: In our study group, the stage of cervical @entity5 and a combination of @entity5 diameter and @entity1 age was found to stratify early @entity5 @entity1 by likelihood for adjuvant radiotherapy.

title: The treatment of early XXXX : an assessment of pre-operative factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IIA disease', 'cancer', 'stage cervical cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage cervical cancer']


abstract: In order to provide a detailed description of the MR appearance of @entity9128 , the MR examinations of 12 @entity1 (10 with @entity424 and two with @entity10220 ) were reviewed and correlated with operative and pathologic reports. Three of 10 @entity424 were intraventricular, two were intraparenchymal, and five were transependymal, extending from CSF spaces into parenchyma. Both @entity10220 were intraventricular. @entity5 and @entity10220 were iso- to hypointense relative to normal white matter on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on proton-density- and T2-weighted images. Foci of signal heterogeneity within solid @entity5 represented @entity3961 , hemosiderin, @entity39 , @entity730 , and encased native vessels or @entity5 vascularity. @entity7241 -enhanced images in two @entity1 differentiated enhancing @entity5 from surrounding nonenhancing @entity4 and from surrounding normal brain parenchyma. @entity5 had sharply defined, round or oval margins and uniform signal intensity equivalent to or slightly hyperintense relative to CSF. Tumor-associated @entity730 was not demonstrated readily by MR. Sagittal and coronal images were valuable in assessing the amount of @entity2504 and route of extension. We conclude that the MR differentiation of @entity424 and @entity10220 from other @entity11 is provided most reliably by the location and morphology of the @entity5 and not by differences in signal intensity. The typical @entity424 arises within the fourth ventricle as a solid mass with heterogeneous signal intensity. A propensity for spread is seen along the CSF pathways via the foramina of Magendie and Luschka and the aqueduct of Sylvius. @entity424 may be periventricular in location and have cystic components. The two @entity10220 in our series were solid, @entity2504 with relatively homogeneous signal intensities.

title: XXXX and @entity10220 : MR manifestations.

entities_list: @entity9128 :: ('MESH:C531673', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular tumor', 'intraventricular tumors']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas', 'ependymoma', 'Supratentorial ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cystic neoplasms', 'neoplasms', 'Solid ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity10220 :: ('MESH:D018315', 'Disease') :: ['subependymomas']

answer: @entity9128 :: (MESH:C531673,Disease) :: ['Intracranial ependymoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The effects of @entity4006 treatment for smoking cessation on @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) stability in veterans with @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) was studied. METHODS: Data were collected by retrospective chart review at a Veterans Affairs medical center. @entity1 with @entity1005 who were prescribed @entity4006 for smoking cessation between May 2006 and July 2008 were included; all @entity1 had failed previous attempts to quit using @entity1239 replacement therapy, @entity752 , or both. The average numbers of encounters per month with @entity1032 professionals in a six-month baseline period before @entity4006 , during treatment, and after treatment were compared. The numbers of @entity1032 encounters were compared for @entity1 with @entity146 including major @entity308 , @entity161 , or @entity162 and those with @entity1005 alone. @entity1 who had completed a full course of @entity4006 therapy (4-12 weeks) without @entity1032 decompensation were surveyed to determine the rate of smoking cessation. RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 78 @entity1 . @entity1032 encounters during @entity4006 therapy increased 29% over baseline. There was no significant difference in the numbers of encounters in the baseline and postvarenicline periods. @entity1032 decompensations were documented for 4 @entity1 during @entity4006 therapy and 2 after completion of therapy. Before, during, and after @entity4006 , @entity1 with @entity146 had significantly more @entity1032 encounters than those with @entity1005 alone. Of the 42 @entity1 in the follow-up survey, 19 (45%) said they refrained from smoking for 30 days and 13 (31%) for 90 days. CONCLUSION: @entity4006 appeared to have destabilizing effects on @entity1032 in veterans with @entity1005 .

title: Mental health stability in veterans with XXXX receiving @entity4006 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity4006 :: ('MESH:C500838', 'Chemical') :: ['varenicline', 'Varenicline']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['multiple MH disorders']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: The intermediary role and relative importance of @entity268 in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) hormonal action were reinvestigated at the level of the @entity35 granulosa cell employing @entity10995 , a novel antagonistic analog of @entity268 . This approach may not only provide for direct documentation of @entity268 dependence, but may also, by inference, highlight the potential relative importance of other putative intracellular second messenger systems. Initial cell-free validation studies indicated that @entity10995 is capable of effectively competing with @entity268 for binding to and activation of the regulatory subunit of the granulosa cell A-kinase holoenzyme. Subsequent whole-cell studies employed cultured @entity35 granulosa cells, the @entity268 -phosphodiesterase activity of which was suppressed with @entity7428 . Basal @entity1420 accumulation was relatively low, remaining unaffected by treatment with a maximally effective dose of @entity10995 by itself (10(-3) M). Whereas treatment with FSH (30 ng/ml) resulted in a substantial increase in @entity1420 accumulation, concurrent treatment with increasing concentrations (10(-6)-10(-3) M) or @entity10995 brought about dose-dependent decrements in the FSH effect with a median effective dose of 1.8 +/- (SE) 0.4 x 10(-5) M and a maximal, but incomplete inhibitory effect of 70 +/- (SE) 6%. Higher concentrations of FSH (greater than or equal to 100 ng/ml) progressively diminished, but did not abolish the @entity10995 blockade. Removal of @entity10995 resulted in progressive resumption of FSH responsiveness suggesting reversibility of action. Significantly, @entity10995 proved highly effective in blocking the action of its agonistic diastereomer @entity10995 . However, @entity10995 was unable to block the action of the lactogenic receptor agonist prolactin, the second messenger of which remains uncertain. Taken together, these findings provide additional direct support to the notion that @entity268 may be an intracellular second messenger of FSH. However, to the extent that @entity10995 is incapable of complete neutralization of FSH action, our findings further suggest that @entity268 may play a central, albeit non-exclusive role in FSH-supported granulosa cell differentiation and that other putative second messenger systems may also be at play.

title: Blockade of granulosa cell differentiation by an antagonistic analog of XXXX ( @entity268 ): central but non-exclusive intermediary role of @entity268 in follicle-stimulating hormone action.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity10995 :: ('MESH:C016957', 'Chemical') :: ['Rp-cAMPS', 'Sp-cAMPS']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined the association of breakfast consumption, and the type of breakfast consumed, with body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) and prevalence rates and odds ratios (OR) of overweight/ @entity28 among Canadian adults. These associations were examined by age group and sex. METHODS: We used data from non-pregnant, non-lactating @entity1 aged >=  18 years (n = 12,377) in the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2, a population-based, nationally-representative, cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. Breakfast consumption was self-reported during a standardized 24-h recall; individuals were classified as breakfast non-consumers, consumers of breakfasts that included ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) or as other breakfast consumers. Mean BMI and prevalence and OR of overweight/ @entity28 (BMI >=  25) were compared among breakfast groups, with adjustment for sociodemographic variables (including age, sex, race, marital status, food security, language spoken at home, physical activity category, smoking, education level and supplement use). RESULTS: For the entire sample, mean BMI was significantly lower among RTEC-breakfast consumers than other breakfast consumers (mean    SE 26.5    0.2 vs. 27.1    0.1 kg/m(2)), but neither group differed significantly from breakfast non-consumers (27.1    0.3 kg/m(2)). Similar results were seen in @entity1 only, but BMI of @entity1 did not differ by breakfast category. Overweight/ @entity28 prevalence and OR did not differ among breakfast groups for the entire sample or for all @entity1 and @entity1 separately. When examined by sex and age group, differences were inconsistent, but tended to be more apparent in @entity1 than @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Among Canadian adults, breakfast consumption was not consistently associated with differences in BMI or overweight/ @entity28 prevalence.

title: Association of breakfast consumption with body mass index and prevalence of overweight/ XXXX in a nationally-representative survey of Canadian adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low central venous pressure (CVP) produced by fluid restriction has been applied to liver transplant recipients in order to decrease @entity190 . However, CVP is not reliable for monitoring intravascular volume and ventricular filling. In addition, doubts remain over the association between fluid restriction and @entity810 ( @entity810 ). We tested the utility of @entity64 volume variation ( @entity6355 ), derived from the FloTrac/Vigileo system, as a decision-making tool in fluid management. We examined the differences in fluid administration, urine output, postoperative @entity810 , and 30-day and 1-year survival rates between liver transplant recipients with fluid management guided by @entity6355 and CVP. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data on our liver transplant recipients with a Model for End-stage @entity409 score less than 30 and serum @entity1011 lower than 1.5 mg/dL from 2007 to 2010. Recipients in 2007 and 2008 who received CVP-guided fluid management served as the control group. Recipients in 2009 and 2010 who received fluid administration triggered by @entity6355 were recruited as the study group. The estimated @entity190 , urine output, and fluid administered during the operation were recorded. Renal function was assessed using the RIFLE criteria on postoperative days 1 and 5. We also recorded the 30-day and 1-year survival. RESULTS: Significantly more diuretic use and urine output were noted in the control group in spite of similar fluid administration. However, there was no significant difference in @entity190 , @entity810 , or 30-day and 1-year survival rates. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of living donor liver transplant @entity1 who had fluid therapy guided by an @entity6355 less than 10% were similar to those of @entity1 who were given fluids to reach a CVP of 10 mmHg. Our findings suggest that the two measures of vascular filling are similar in liver transplant recipients with demographic characteristics similar to those of our @entity1 .

title: Fluid management guided by @entity64 volume variation failed to decrease the incidence of XXXX , 30-day mortality, and 1-year survival in living donor liver transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score is widely used in the initial evaluation of @entity1 with @entity131 . This 15-point score, however, has been criticized as unnecessarily complex. Recently, a 3-point Simplified Motor Score (defined as obeys commands=2; localizes @entity158 =1; withdrawals to @entity158 or worse=0) was developed from the motor component of the GCS and was found to have a similar test performance for predicting outcomes after @entity131 when compared with the GCS score as the criterion standard. The purpose of this study was to validate the Simplified Motor Score in a large heterogeneous @entity130 population. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a prospectively maintained @entity130 registry with consecutive @entity130 @entity1 who presented to a Level I @entity130 center from 1995 through 2004. Test performance of the GCS and the Simplified Motor Score relative to 4 clinically relevant @entity131 outcomes (emergency intubation, clinically significant @entity1545 , neurosurgical intervention, and mortality) was evaluated with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). RESULTS: Of 21,170 @entity1 included in the analysis, 18% underwent emergency intubation, 14% had clinically significant @entity1545 , 7% underwent neurosurgical intervention, and 5% died. The AUCs for the GCS and its components ranged from 0.76 to 0.92 across the 4 outcome measures. The AUCs for the Simplified Motor Score ranged from 0.71 to 0.89, and the relative differences from the GCS AUCs ranged from 3% to 7%, with a median difference of 5%. CONCLUSION: In this external validation study, the 3-point Simplified Motor Score demonstrated similar test performance when compared with the 15-point GCS score and its components for the prediction of 4 clinically important @entity131 outcomes.

title: Validation of the Simplified Motor Score for the prediction of XXXX outcomes after @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: Isolation of specific cell types allows one to analyze rare cell populations such as stem/progenitor cells. Such an approach to studying inner ear tissues presents a unique challenge because of the paucity of cells of interest and few transgenic reporter @entity19 models. Here, we describe a protocol using fluorescence-conjugated probes to selectively label LacZ-positive cells from the neonatal cochleae. The most common underlying pathology of @entity1274 is the irreversible damage and loss of cochlear sensory hair cells, which are required to transduce sound waves to neural impulses. Recent evidence suggests that the @entity19 auditory and vestibular organs harbor stem/progenitor cells that may have regenerative potential. These findings warrant further investigation, including identifying specific cell types with stem/progenitor cell characteristics. The Wnt signaling pathway has been demonstrated to play a critical role in maintaining stem/progenitor cell populations in several organ systems. We have recently identified Wnt-responsive @entity22255 -expressing cells in the neonatal cochlea, but their function is largely unknown. To better understand the behavior of these Wnt-responsive cells in vitro, we have developed a method of isolating @entity22255 -expressing cells from cochleae of @entity22255 -LacZ reporter @entity19 . Using flow cytometry to isolate @entity22255 -LacZ positive cells from the neonatal cochleae, we could in turn execute a variety of experiments on live cells to interrogate their behavior as stem/progenitor cells. Here, we describe in detail the steps for the microdissection of neonatal cochlea, dissociation of these tissues, labeling of the LacZ-positive cells using a fluorogenic substrate, and cell sorting. Techniques for dissociating cochleae into single cells and isolating cochlear cells via flow cytometry have been described. We have made modifications to these techniques to establish a novel protocol to isolate LacZ-expressing cells from the neonatal cochlea.

title: Isolating LacZ-expressing cells from XXXX inner ear tissues using flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study whether having ever had @entity1643 (LBP), sciatica, @entity4048 ( @entity4048 ), or some combination of LBP and @entity4048 , predicts @entity2048 among municipal employees. METHODS: The study sample (n=6911, 80% @entity1 , response rate 67%) included employees of the City of Helsinki who reached the age of 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60 years between 2000-02. Survey data on @entity158 , working conditions, and health behaviours were linked to register data on @entity2048 for three subsequent years. Sickness absence was categorised as self-certified (lasting for 1-3 days) and medically certified (lasting for 4 days or more) and the number of spells during the follow up was analysed using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: In @entity1 , medically certified @entity2048 was predicted by sciatica (rate ratio, RR, 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), @entity4048 (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2-1.5) and the combination of sciatica and @entity4048 (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.6-2.1), allowing for working conditions, body mass index, and smoking. In @entity1 , the corresponding RRs were 1.5 (95% CI 1.0-2.1), 1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.4), and 2.2 (95% CI 1.6-2.9). Local LBP did not predict medically certified @entity2048 . Self-certified @entity2048 was modestly predicted by all @entity158 categories in @entity1 (RRs between 1.2 and 1.5) and by @entity4048 alone and with local LBP or sciatica in @entity1 (RRs between 1.4 and 1.6). CONCLUSIONS: Medically certified @entity2048 was predicted by sciatica and @entity4048 , but not by local LBP. The association was accentuated in those with both sciatica and @entity4048 . @entity158 combinations may have a stronger effect on work ability than @entity158 in one location.

title: XXXX as predictors of @entity2048 among municipal employees.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['local low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['sickness absence']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Low back pain and neck pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the demographics, treatment, and survival rates in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and @entity43 ( @entity43 ). METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program data for all 18 registries from 1988 to 2010 was reviewed to identify @entity1 with @entity43 and @entity1358 . Demographic and clinical data were compared, and the impact of @entity5 site on survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors predictive of outcome were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The final study group consisted of 5421 @entity1 with clear cell histopathology. 3631 (67%) had @entity43 and 1790 (33%) had @entity1358 . The mean age at diagnosis was 56 (   12) years for @entity1 with @entity43 and 67.7 (   12.0) years for @entity1358 (P<0.001). @entity1 with @entity43 had a higher rate of late stage disease (38.9% vs. 21.2%; P<0.001). Over the entire study period, after adjusting for known variables, there was no significant difference in @entity5 specific mortality between @entity1358 and @entity43 , HR 1.05 (0.92-1.19). In the subset analysis by staging, in @entity1 with @entity66 there was an improved survival in @entity1358 compared to @entity43 . In contrast, in @entity1 with distant disease there was an increased mortality in @entity1 with @entity1358 . CONCLUSION: In the entire population, there was no significant difference in @entity5 related mortality between the groups. However, in @entity1 with @entity66 , @entity1358 had improved survival, but increased mortality in distant disease compared to @entity43 .

title: Prognostic determinants in @entity1 with uterine and XXXX : a SEER analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['OCCC', 'ovarian clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['UCCC', 'uterine clear cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian clear cell carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity6 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated that intensive therapy aimed at improved @entity413 control markedly reduced the risk of @entity2412 compared with conventional therapy. The principal determinant of risk was the history of glycemia. Recently, McCarter et al. ( @entity6 Care 27:1259-1264, 2004) have presented analyses of the publicly available DCCT data using their hemoglobin glycation index (HGI), which is computed as the difference between the observed HbA1c ( @entity3916 ) and that predicted from the level of blood @entity413 . In their analyses, the HGI level was a significant predictor of progression of @entity989 and @entity8 in the DCCT, which the authors claimed to support the hypothesis that the biological propensity for glycation, so-called biological variation in glycation, is another mechanism that determines risk of complications. However, we have criticized these analyses and conclusions because, from statistical principles, the glycation index must be positively correlated with the @entity3916 level and thus may simply be a surrogate for @entity3916 . Herein, we present the statistical properties of the glycation index to document its high correlation with @entity3916 . We then replicate the analyses of McCarter et al. using both the HGI and the @entity3916 together. Analyses show conclusively that the glycation index is not an independent risk factor for microvascular complications and that the effect of the glycation index on risk is wholly explained by the associated level of @entity3916 . The HGI should not be used to estimate risk of complications or to guide therapy.

title: The hemoglobin glycation index is not an independent predictor of the risk of microvascular complications in the XXXX Control and Complications Trial.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes complications']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: @entity2451 is an inducible transcription factor, which is regulated by interaction with inhibitory IkappaB proteins. Previous studies linked the activity of @entity2451 to the proliferative state of the cell. Here we have analysed the function of @entity2451 in the cell cycle. Inhibition of @entity2451 in HeLa cells by stable overexpression of a transdominant negative @entity4284 protein reduced cell growth. A kinetic analysis of the cell cycle revealed a retarded G1/S transition. The @entity4284 overexpressing cell clones showed a decreased percentage of cells in the S phase and an impaired incorporation of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ). The amounts of cyclins A, B1, D1, D3, and E were unchanged, but the G1-specific proteins @entity17946 and @entity15308 were strongly elevated in the @entity4284 overexpressing cell clones. These cell clones also displayed an increase in @entity4910 -dependent kinase activity, pointing to a cell cycle arrest at the late G1 phase. @entity4284 overexpression crosstalked to cell cycle checkpoints via a reduction of transcription factor @entity876 and elevation of p21WAF. Surprisingly, the @entity4284 overexpressing cells showed an enrichment of @entity517 in the nucleoli, although the total amount of @entity517 protein was unchanged. These experiments identify an important contribution of the @entity2451 /IkappaB system for the growth of HeLa cells.

title: Repression of XXXX impairs HeLa cell proliferation by functional interference with cell cycle checkpoint regulators.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['NF-kappaB']


abstract: A 68-year-old @entity1 presenting @entity1353 on exertion was admitted. @entity519 and a considerably elevated level of serum @entity2355 were noted. Chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans demonstrated panlobular ground-glass @entity231 with a mosaic distribution and hilar and mediastinal @entity3329 . Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed an increased percentage of lymphocytes and an elevated @entity404 / @entity405 ratio, implicating a diagnosis of @entity370 . However, as we could not exclude other @entity358 because of unusual HRCT pattern in @entity370 , video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed. The histology of epithelioid cell @entity738 in the specimens of the lung and the lymph nodes confirmed a diagnosis of @entity370 . The lung specimens corresponding to areas of increased opacity demonstrated @entity3794 with minimal @entity82 between individual @entity738 . Immunohistochemistry for @entity2355 provided positive results on alveolar lining cells in areas of @entity3794 but not on @entity738 . After @entity134 treatment, the ground-glass @entity231 disappeared and the serum @entity2355 level normalized. We discuss this rare case of @entity10070 presenting panlobular ground-glass @entity231 with mosaic distribution.

title: [A case of XXXX demonstrating panlobular ground-glass opacity with mosaic distribution].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacities']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['alveolitis', 'diffuse alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']


abstract: The prognosis for @entity1 with proliferative @entity631 associated with @entity1252 has dramatically improved over recent decades. We review our experience with intermittent pulse therapy with intravenous @entity786 (IC) in 97 @entity1 (75 female) aged over 20 years. The series was divided into three groups. Group A (n=39) received monthly IC pulses (begin 1 g) for up to 24 months between 1985-1991. Group B (n=47) received monthly IC pulses (1 g) for six months with additional quarterly doses for a maximum of 18 months, depending on the therapeutic response (from 1991). From 1999, Group C (n=11) @entity1 were treated with low-dose IC (3 g in three months) followed by @entity500 (2 mg/kg) or @entity618 (1.5-2.0 g/day) for 12-18 months. The total IC doses (g) administered were: Group A, 15.1+/-9.0; Group B, 8.5+/-3.5; and Group C, 3.0+/-0.0. These figures show the trend progressive reduction in exposure to IC. Overall, treatment with the different IC regimens achieved satisfactory control of @entity1988 in 76% of the @entity1 . Comparison of the values at baseline and after 24 months showed that the serum @entity1011 (mg/dl) fell in Group A from 1.77+/-1.06 to 1.09+/-0.63, in Group B from 1.22+/- 0.85 to 0.95+/- 0.45, and in Group C from 0.90+/-0.23 to 1.17+/-0.54 (p<0.05). In the same period, @entity644 (g/day) fell in Group A from 6.19+/-4.31 to 0.79+/-1.76, in Group B from 4.43+/- 3.17 to 2.08+/-3.65, and in Group C from 5.43+/- 3.37 to 3.22+/-4.00 (p=0.05). There was not differences between the three groups in both variables. The adverse effects were mainly viral and @entity2348 , with no intergroup differences. @entity2530 requiring hip replacement and early menopause were more frequent in Group A. Nine @entity1 died, seven due to cardiovascular causes and two with @entity281 . No differences were detected between the three groups when analyzing the overall @entity1 survival at 5, 10 and 15 years (95%, 92%, and 84%, respectively). The likelihood of maintaining serum @entity1011 within normal ranges or less than twice the baseline range was similar in the three groups at 5, 10 and 15 years (92%, 72% and 66%, respectively). There were 47 episodes of relapse, with no differences between the three groups. In Summary, treatment with different regimens of intermittent IC is relatively safe and efficient to control the disease and @entity1988 in @entity1252 @entity1 even with progressively smaller doses. The price paid concerned infectious complications, and @entity2670 . New alternatives should at least maintain the same efficacy, but with fewer adverse effects and relapses.

title: [Intravenous XXXX in @entity1988 : twenty years reducing dose].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['bone and ovarian toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Avascular osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Autophagy is an intracellular process facilitating the vacuolar degradation of cytoplasmic components and is important for nutrient recycling during starvation. We previously demonstrated that chloroplasts can be partially mobilized to the vacuole by autophagy via spherical bodies named @entity1053 ( @entity1053 ). Although chloroplasts contain approximately 80% of total leaf @entity1568 and represent a major @entity505 and @entity1568 source for new growth, the relationship between leaf nutrient status and RCB production remains unclear. We examined the effects of nutrient factors on the appearance of @entity1053 in leaves of transgenic @entity958 ( @entity958 ) expressing stroma-targeted fluorescent proteins. In excised leaves, the appearance of @entity1053 was suppressed by the presence of metabolic @entity3363 , which were added externally or were produced during photosynthesis in the light. The light-mediated suppression was relieved by the inhibition of photosynthesis. During a diurnal cycle, RCB production was suppressed in leaves excised at the end of the day with high starch content. Starchless mutants phosphoglucomutase and @entity857 -Glc pyrophosphorylase1 produced a large number of @entity1053 , while starch-excess mutants starch-excess1 and maltose-excess1 produced fewer @entity1053 . In @entity1568 -limited plants, as leaf @entity3363 were accumulated, RCB production was suppressed. We propose that there exists a close relationship between the degradation of chloroplast proteins via @entity1053 and leaf @entity505 but not @entity1568 status in autophagy. We also found that the appearance of non-RCB-type autophagic bodies was not suppressed in the light and somewhat responded to @entity1568 in excised leaves, unlike @entity1053 . These results imply that the degradation of chloroplast proteins via @entity1053 is specifically controlled in autophagy.

title: The autophagic degradation of chloroplasts via rubisco-containing bodies is specifically linked to leaf @entity505 status but not XXXX status in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['RCBs', 'Rubisco-containing bodies']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['sugars', 'carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colorectal surgery may lead to @entity281 because despite meticulous aseptic measures, extravasation of microorganisms from the colon lumen is unavoidable. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized study was performed between January 2010 and December 2010. @entity1 inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of @entity14 and plans to undergo an elective curative operation. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (intra-abdominal irrigation with normal saline) and Group 2 (intraperitoneal irrigation with a solution of 240 mg @entity801 and 600 mg @entity3402 ). The occurrence of wound @entity281 and @entity6177 were investigated. After the @entity254 , a microbiologic sample of the peritoneal surface was obtained (sample 1). A second sample was collected after irrigation with normal saline (sample 2). Finally, the peritoneal cavity was irrigated with a @entity801 - @entity3402 solution and a third sample was obtained (sample 3). RESULTS: There were 103 @entity1 analyzed: 51 in Group 1 and 52 in Group 2. There were no significant differences between the groups in age, sex, comorbidities, or type of colorectal surgery performed. @entity2737 rates were 14% in Group 1 and 4% in Group 2 (p = 0.009; odds ratio [OR] 4.94; 95% CI 1.27 to 19.19). @entity6177 rates were 6% in Group 1 and 0% in Group 2 (p = 0.014; OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.13 to 3.57). The culture of sample 1 was positive in 68% of the cases, sample 2 was positive in 59%, and sample 3 in 4%. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic lavage of the peritoneum is associated with a lower incidence of @entity1320 .

title: Effect of peritoneal lavage with @entity3402 - @entity801 solution on @entity281 after elective XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['Intra-abdominal abscess', 'intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscesses and wound infections']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study determined individual organ blood flows and global hemodynamic, @entity26 delivery and consumption parameters after normovolemic exchange transfusions with the hemoglobin based @entity26 carrier (HBOC)-201 in a lightly anesthetized @entity1707 model. METHODS: The exchange transfusions were performed as a stepped reduction in blood volume to attain volume exchanges of 10%, 30%, and 50% with a 1:1 replacement with HBOC-201 (n = 8) or oncotically matched 5.9% human serum albumin (HSA, n = 8). Four additional animals served as time controls. RESULTS: There was no change in the regional blood flows in 8 of 9 organs (brain, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, @entity1085 , small intestines, large intestines, and skeletal muscle) after HBOC-201 compared with controls; only skeletal muscle blood flow decreased. In contrast, with HSA, blood flow increased 150% to 200% of baseline in all organs except muscle where blood flow was unchanged. HBOC-201 effectively restored @entity26 delivery after these exchanges. The mean arterial pressure increases in the HBOC-201 group were within 15% to 20% of baseline during the initial 10% exchange and similar to controls during subsequent exchanges. Although peak pulmonary arterial pressure increases in the HBOC-201 group were 10 mm Hg to 15 mm Hg above baseline, cardiac index was unchanged. There were no differences in global @entity26 consumption, consistent with unchanged regional blood flow and suggests intact physiologic coupling of @entity26 delivery and consumption that was unimpaired by local vasoconstriction. This is in contrast to significant changes of increased cardiac index, decreased arterial pressure, decreased @entity26 content, and increased @entity26 extraction ratio to maintain normal @entity26 consumption in the HSA group. CONCLUSION: Although the use of HBOC-201 caused alterations in systemic (minimal) and pulmonary (modest) pressures, these changes had no consequence on regional organ blood flow.

title: Regional blood flow after serial normovolemic exchange transfusion with HBOC-201 (Hemopure) in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand (PD-1/PD-Ls) axis is crucial for the modulation of immune responses and self-tolerance. Also, aberrant @entity4634 expression on the @entity5 cells or @entity5 -associated inflammatory cells accelerates immune evasion of @entity5 cells. In the past decade, @entity8395 immune checkpoint inhibitors were introduced to @entity5 treatment trials and, in some cases, showed significant anticancer effects. @entity4634 immunohistochemical staining is considered a potential predictor of clinical response to @entity8395 immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. However, immunohistochemical data on @entity4634 expression in different types of @entity5 especially rare entities remain incomplete. In this study, @entity4634 expression was immunohistochemically analyzed in 5536 @entity5 including germ cell, epithelial, mesenchymal, melanocytic/neuroectodermal, and @entity5 , as well as in a set of @entity1 normal tissues including a fetus. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with E1L3N rabbit monoclonal antibody and Leica Bond Max automation using multitumor blocks containing up to 70 @entity5 samples. @entity4634 was constitutively and strongly expressed in placental trophoblasts as well as @entity1466 and trophoblastic components of @entity2971 . Also, the neoplastic cells of classical @entity978 , @entity2108 , @entity808 , @entity704 , and @entity957 of various sites frequently expressed @entity4634 . In @entity344 , @entity4634 -expression was associated with EBER positivity and mismatch-repair deficiency. In addition, @entity4634 was variably expressed in non-neoplastic macrophages and dendritic cells. @entity4634 immunohistochemistry may have some role in the immunophenotypic differential diagnosis of @entity5 and pinpointing potential candidates for anti- @entity8395 immune checkpoint therapy.

title: Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Study of @entity4634 ( XXXX ): Analysis in 5536 Cases Revealed Consistent Expression in Trophoblastic Tumors.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lymphohematopoietic tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity4634 :: (29126,Gene) :: ['PD-L1']


abstract: Several instruments have been developed for the assessment of emotional distress in @entity1 with @entity6 . The Problem Areas in @entity6 Scale (PAID) is a brief self-report scale that evaluates @entity6 . There is a lack of validated instruments for the evaluation of @entity458 in @entity1 with @entity6 in Greek language. The current study was conducted to translate and adapt the PAID scale in Greek language and to evaluate the psychometric properties in two different study populations of @entity1 with @entity6 . The aim of this study was to translate the Problem Areas in @entity6 (PAID) scale into Greek, adapt it culturally to Greece and determine its psychometric properties. The translation process included two forward translations, reconciliation, backward translation and pre-testing steps. The validation incorporated the exploration of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient), construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and responsiveness (Spearman correlation coefficient). @entity1 included 101 consecutive @entity1 from a rural primary healthcare centre and 101 @entity1 from an urban hospital. All @entity1 completed the PAID scale and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) version 2. Internal consistency considered good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.948). Interclass correlation coefficient was 0.942 (95% CI 0.915-0.961). Factor analysis yielded three factors: ' @entity6 -related emotional problems' (51.79% variance, Cronbach's alpha = 0.910), 'Food-related problems' (9.55% variance, Cronbach's alpha = 0.824) and 'Social support-related problems' (5.96% variance, Cronbach's alpha = 0.704). Screen plot test and conceptual congruency of items supported a three-factor solution. Total PAID showed a negative correlation with both SF-36 mental component summary (r = -0.733, P < 0.0001) and SF-36 physical component summary (r = -0.594, P < 0.0001). Our findings indicate that the Greek version of the PAID questionnaire is reliable and valid for @entity1 with @entity6 in Greece.

title: The Problem Areas in XXXX (PAID) scale: psychometric evaluation survey in a Greek sample with type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological aspects']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes-related distress', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']