abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4349 and @entity6023 are effective agents in @entity0 and prolong survival times. Some @entity1 achieve prolongation of life with @entity416 , @entity136 , or @entity1206 , even after failure of both @entity4349 and @entity6023 . We analyzed the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity136 and @entity1206 combination chemotherapy in @entity4349 - and @entity3907 -pretreated @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of @entity4349 - and @entity3907 -pretreated metastatic @entity0 @entity1 who received @entity136 and @entity1206 combination chemotherapy at the Seoul National University Hospital were reviewed. @entity136 (1,000 mg/m(2)) and @entity1206 (25 mg/m(2)) were administered intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2006, 57 @entity1 were eligible (median age, 45 years), and the median number of previous chemotherapy regimens was 3 (range, 1 approximately 5). The overall response rate was 30% (95% CI, 18.1 approximately 41.9), and the disease control rate was 46% (PR, 30%; @entity168 , 16%). The median duration of follow-up was 33.4 months, the median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 3.9 months, and the median overall survival was 10.8 months. None of the @entity1 with @entity1 with @entity4349 and @entity3907 primary resistance showed a response and the median @entity1054 for these @entity1 was significantly shorter than that of other @entity1 (1.9 vs. 4.4 months; p=0.018). Although the efficacy was unsatisfactory in @entity1 with both @entity4349 and @entity3907 primary resistance, @entity136 and @entity1206 combination chemotherapy showed comparable efficacy in @entity4349 - and/or @entity3907 -sensitive @entity1 and the @entity1 with secondary resistance, even after failure of second-line therapy. Grade 3/4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 (18.1%) and @entity1398 (0.3%), and @entity1503 were tolerable. CONCLUSION: @entity136 and @entity1206 combination chemotherapy in @entity4349 - and @entity3907 -pretreated @entity0 was effective and tolerable.

title: @entity136 and @entity1206 combination chemotherapy in XXXX - and @entity3907 -pretreated @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time-to-progression']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is the predominant cause of @entity5 -related mortality in the world. The majority of @entity1 present with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Treatment for @entity1149 is evolving from the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy to personalized treatment based on molecular alterations. Unfortunately, the quality of the available @entity5 biopsy and/or cytology material is not always adequate to perform the necessary molecular testing, which has prompted the search for alternatives. This review examines the use of circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA), consisting of both circulating cell-free (tumoral) DNA (cfDNA-ctDNA) and RNA (cfRNA), as a liquid biopsy in @entity2 . The development of sensitive and accurate techniques such as Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS); Beads, Emulsion, Amplification, and Magnetics (BEAMing); and Digital PCR (dPCR), have made it possible to detect the specific genetic alterations (e.g. @entity470 mutations, MET amplifications, and @entity7041 and @entity31082 translocations) for which targeted therapies are already available. Moreover, the ability to detect and quantify these @entity5 mutations has enabled the follow-up of @entity5 dynamics in real time. Liquid biopsy offers opportunities to detect resistance mechanisms, such as the @entity470 @entity9513 mutation in the case of @entity470 TKI use, at an early stage. Several studies have already established the predictive and prognostic value of measuring ctNA concentration in the blood. To conclude, using ctNA analysis as a liquid biopsy has many advantages and allows for a variety of clinical and investigational applications.

title: Circulating cell-free nucleic acids and platelets as a liquid biopsy in the provision of personalized therapy for @entity2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) can affect liver hemodynamics but it is not known if has a significant clinical impact on liver function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity8479 and liver function. A prospective study was performed in 110 adult intensive care unit (ICU) @entity1 . Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured on admission and every other day, and liver sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was collected whenever IAP was measured. @entity8479 was defined by a IAP >or= 10 mm Hg, and @entity409 was defined by a hepatic SOFA score >or= 2. An overall @entity8479 incidence of 56.3% was found (n = 62). Thirty-three @entity1 presented a liver SOFA score >or= 2, with an overall incidence of 30%. Liver SOFA score of the group of @entity1 with abdominal @entity101 was higher than in group of @entity1 without abdominal @entity101 . (0.8 +/- 1.05 vs 0.4 +/- 0.7; P < .05), but @entity8479 and @entity409 were not significantly associated (chi2 = 2.03; P = .15). When the whole sample was divided according to the worst IAP score (IAP < 10, IAP between 10 and 15, and IAP > 15), the corresponding @entity409 scores in the three groups were 0.35 +/- 0.6, 0.74 +/- 1, and 1.2 +/- 1.3, respectively (P = .01). A strict association between @entity8479 and @entity409 was not found. Most likely, low levels of @entity8479 , although able to reduce liver blood flow, are not per se sufficient to produce a real dysfunction; however, a correlation between the degree of @entity8479 and the degree of @entity3638 exists. @entity8479 does not seem to be an "on-off" phenomenon, but produces liver alterations for increasing levels of its severity.

title: Abdominal XXXX and @entity409 in intensive care unit @entity1 : an "on-off" phenomenon?

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['Intra-abdominal hypertension', 'IAH']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There was considerable evidence that exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with an increased risk for @entity694 . Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the relationship between cigarette smoking and @entity694 remains unclear. Moreover, there were only a few studies on effects of complexing substance contained in cigarette smoke on @entity694 . Thus, we further investigated whether @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) affects the cell cycle, apoptosis and migration of @entity1 metastatic @entity694 cells, SW-620. @entity98 assay revealed that SW-620 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited following treatments with all CSEs, 3R4F, and two-domestic cigarettes, for 9 days in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, @entity1981 treatments decreased @entity4910 and E1, and increased @entity3544 and @entity5438 proteins by Western blot analysis in SW-620 cells. Additionally, the treatment of the cells with @entity1981 contributed to these effects expressing by apoptosis-related proteins. An increased migration or invasion ability of SW-620 cells following @entity1981 treatment was also confirmed by a scratch or fibronectin invasion assay in vitro. In addition, the protein levels of @entity5962 as an epithelial maker were down-regulated, while the mesenchymal markers, @entity6076 , snail, and slug, were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner. A metastatic marker, @entity10815 , was also down-regulated by @entity1981 treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that @entity1981 exposure in @entity694 cells may deregulate the cell growth by altering the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and pro-apoptotic protein, and stimulate cell metastatic ability by altering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and @entity10815 expression.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 690-704, 2017.

title: Cigarette smoke extracts induced the @entity694 migration via regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastatic genes in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['CSE', 'cigarette smoke extract']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1530 predisposes to @entity24099 by an unknown mechanism. A logical candidate mechanism is through recognition of B27 by @entity405 + T cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a lack of @entity405 on the @entity24099 that develops in B27/ @entity1 beta(2)-microglobulin (Hubeta(2)m)-transgenic @entity35 . METHODS: A missense mutation in the @entity21804 gene that causes a loss of @entity21804 expression was identified in offspring of a male @entity35 that had been treated with the mutagen @entity330 . The mutation was crossed into B27/Hubeta(2)m-transgenic lines on the Lewis background. @entity21804 (-/-) and @entity21804 (+/-) progeny were compared on a mixed SD-LEW background as well as after at least 10 backcrosses to LEW @entity35 . @entity405 function was assessed by generating cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against allogeneic DA strain antigens. RESULTS: Homozygous mutant @entity35 showed normal @entity21804 and @entity27335 messenger RNA levels but no detectable expression of either protein and an almost complete abrogation of the allogeneic CTL response. Two disease phenotypes previously observed in different B27/Hubeta(2)m-transgenic lines also occurred in the respective @entity21804 (-/-)-transgenic @entity35 lines. There was no significant difference in disease prevalence or severity between @entity21804 (-/-) @entity35 and @entity21804 (+/-) @entity35 . CONCLUSION: All of the previously described disease manifestations in @entity1530 /Hubeta(2)m-transgenic @entity35 arise in the absence of any functional @entity405 + T cells. It thus seems unlikely that classic T cell recognition of @entity1530 is of primary importance in this animal model. The possibility of a secondary role of a @entity405 -dependent mechanism cannot be entirely excluded.

title: @entity24099 in @entity1530 / @entity1 beta2-microglobulin-transgenic @entity35 is not prevented by lack of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rat', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity24099 :: ('MESH:D025241', 'Disease') :: ['spondylarthritis']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: Thirty beagles and 277 @entity19 were injected with 249Cf, and 30 beagles and 274 @entity19 were injected with 252Cf. The skeletal dose (in Gy) from 252Cf was about half from fission fragments and half from alpha particles, whereas 249Cf emits alpha particles in 100% of its transformations. @entity79 ( @entity421 ) were the main radiation-induced @entity5 . The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fission fragment dose relative to alpha-particle dose for @entity79 induction was calculated from the ratio of 249Cf/252Cf doses at equal times to @entity79 in (a) beagles and (b) @entity19 , and (c) from the ratio 252Cf/249Cf risk coefficients in @entity19 . The average RBE +/- standard deviation of the three evaluations was 0.1 +/- 0.1. The very low RBE for @entity79 is supported by the data of A. L. Batchelor, T. J. Jenner, and L. M. Cobb [Phys. Med. Biol. 28, 475-483 (1983)] for @entity2 induction in @entity35 and by that of A. L. Brooks, J. A. Mewhinney, and R. O. McClellan [Health Phys. 22, 701-706 (1972)] for producing chromosome aberrations in the liver cells of @entity3569 . The low effectiveness of fission fragments relative to alpha particles, per gray of absorbed dose, is ascribed primarily to the much larger number of cells traversed by the alpha particles. Consideration might be given to decreasing the quality factor of fission fragments by an order of magnitude below that for alpha particles.

title: Fission fragment RBE for XXXX induction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas', 'Bone sarcomas', 'bone sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['mostly osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamsters']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The seed cell is a core problem in bone tissue engineering research. Recent research indicates that @entity1 dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro, which suggests that they may become a new kind of seed cells for bone tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro and bone-like tissue formation when transplanted with three-dimensional gelatin scaffolds in vivo, and hDPSCs may become appropriate seed cells for bone tissue engineering. METHODS: We have utilized enzymatic digestion to obtain hDPSCs from dental pulp tissue extracted during orthodontic treatment. After culturing and expansion to three passages, the cells were seeded in 6-well plates or on three-dimensional gelatin scaffolds and cultured in osteogenic medium. After 14 days in culture, the three-dimensional gelatin scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in @entity19 for 4 weeks. In 6-well plate culture, osteogenesis was assessed by alkaline phosphatase staining, Von Kossa staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the osteogenesis-specific genes type I collagen (COL I), bone sialoprotein (BSP), @entity12502 ( @entity12502 ), @entity8087 , and @entity8088 (OSX). In three-dimensional gelatin scaffold culture, X-rays, @entity1710 / @entity1711 staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine bone formation. RESULTS: In vitro studies revealed that hDPSCs do possess osteogenic differentiation potential. In vivo studies revealed that hDPSCs seeded on gelatin scaffolds can form bone structures in heterotopic sites of @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that hDPSCs may be valuable as seed cells for bone tissue engineering. As a special stem cell source, hDPSCs may blaze a new path for bone tissue engineering.

title: XXXX dental pulp stem cell is a promising autologous seed cell for bone tissue engineering.

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Ripening and senescence are generally controlled by @entity1786 in climacteric fruits like peaches, and the ripening process of grape, a non-climacteric fruit, may have some relationship to @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) function. In order to better understand the role of @entity2272 in ripening and senescence of these two types of fruits, we cloned the @entity25430 dioxygenase (NCED) gene that encodes a key enzyme in @entity2272 biosynthesis from peaches and grapes using an RT-PCR approach. The NCED gene fragments were cloned from peaches (PpNCED1and PpNCED2, each 740bp) and grapes (VVNCED1, 741bp) using degenerate primers designed based on the conserved @entity1522 sequence of NCEDs in other plants. PpNCED1 showed 78.54% homology with PpNCED2, 74.90% homology with VVNCED1, and both showed high homology to NCEDs from other plants. The expression patterns of PpNCED1 and VVNCED1 were very similar. Both were highly expressed at the beginning of ripening when @entity2272 content becomes high. The maximum @entity2272 preceded @entity1786 production in @entity2486 fruit. @entity2272 in the grape gradually increased from the beginning of ripening and reached the highest level at 20d before the harvest stage. However, @entity1786 remained at low levels during the entire process of fruit development, including ripening and senescence. @entity2272 content, and ripening and softening of both types of fruits, were promoted or delayed by exogenous @entity2272 or @entity28253 (or @entity2605 ) treatment. The roles of @entity2272 and @entity1786 in the later ripening of fruit are complex. Based on results obtained in this study, we concluded that PpNCED1 and VVNCED1 initiate @entity2272 biosynthesis at the beginning of fruit ripening, and that @entity2272 accumulation might play a key role in the regulation of ripeness and senescence of both @entity2486 and grape fruits.

title: Cloning and functional analysis of XXXX dioxygenase (NCED) genes encoding a key enzyme during @entity2271 biosynthesis from @entity2486 and grape fruits.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity25430 :: ('CHEBI:51973', 'Chemical') :: ['9-cis-epoxycarotenoid']

entities_list: @entity28253 :: ('MESH:C013351', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluridone']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity25430 :: (CHEBI:51973,Chemical) :: ['9-cis-epoxycarotenoid']


abstract: Development of genetic varieties with improved @entity1568 -use efficiency (NUE) is essential for sustainable agriculture. In this study, we developed a growth system for @entity579 wherein N was the growth-limiting factor, and identified N-responsive genes by a whole genome transcriptional profiling approach. Some genes were selected to test their functionality in NUE by a transgenic approach. One such example with positive effects on NUE is an early nodulin gene OsENOD93-1. This OsENOD93-1 gene responded significantly to both N induction and N reduction. Transgenic @entity579 plants over-expressing the OsENOD93-1 gene had increased shoot dry biomass and seed yield. This OsENOD93-1 gene was expressed at high levels in roots of @entity164 ( @entity164 ) plants, and its protein product was localized in mitochondria. Transgenic plants accumulated higher concentrations of total @entity1522 and total N in roots. A higher concentration of @entity1522 in xylem sap was detected in transgenic plants, especially under N stress. In situ hybridization revealed that OsENOD93-1 is expressed in vascular bundles, as well as in epidermis and endodermis. This work demonstrates that transcriptional profiling, coupled with a transgenic validation approach, is an effective strategy for gene discovery. The knowledge gained from this study could be applied to other important crops.

title: Increased @entity1568 -use efficiency in transgenic @entity579 plants over-expressing a XXXX -responsive early nodulin gene identified from @entity579 expression profiling.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and functional outcome of external coloanal @entity254 without covering stoma in treating @entity5 . All @entity1 undergoing the coloanal @entity254 for low lying rectal carcer in the Department of General Surgery, Minia University Hospital, between May 2006 and May 2009 were included. Seventy two @entity1 underwent coloanal @entity254 , and follow up was available for all @entity1 . Mean follow up period was 12.6        4.7  months. Postoperatively, fecal continence was normal in 84.7% of @entity1 . Postoperative complications included anastomotic @entity292 in 3 @entity1 (4.2%) and @entity850 in 6 @entity1 (8.3%). There was no effect of pre or postoperative adjuvant therapy on the procedure outcome. There was no local recurrence during follow up period. Three @entity1 died at the end of follow up period due to distant @entity3 . In treatment of @entity5 , abdominoperineal resection should be avoided if coloanal @entity254 provides similar control of the disease as it is safe and has good functional results and acceptable complication rate.

title: XXXX without covering stoma in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-lying rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['External coloanal anastomosis']


abstract: To further characterize the incidence and morbidity of recurrent @entity543 , we reviewed 184 consecutive carotid endarterectomies performed in a university hospital between August 1983 and January 1988, in @entity1 followed after operation with serial duplex ultrasonography. Recurrent stenosis of greater than 50% diameter reduction developed in eleven arteries (6.0%) at a mean interval of 10.2 +/- 7.8 months. Three of the eleven (1.6% of the total) had associated transient @entity63 attack, and none had @entity64 . Restenosis was significantly more frequent in @entity6 @entity1 than in nondiabetic @entity1 (13.3% vs 4.5%; p less than 0.05); and among @entity1 whose primary stenoses had been symptomatic compared to asymptomatic (11.0% vs 1.5%; p less than 0.02). No statistically significant association with @entity256 could be established for gender, @entity101 , or smoking. Completion angiography and/or Doppler spectral analysis had been performed, and results were normal at the primary operation in 10 of the 11 @entity1 . Only six of 184 arteries (3.3%) had vein patch closure, but none of these restenosed. Uneventful reoperation with patch closure was performed in three @entity1 with transient @entity63 attacks and two with preocclusive restenoses. Lesions were myointimal @entity1373 in four and @entity1856 in one. Three of the unoperated restenoses have shown regression on duplex scanning, but a fourth progressed to asymptomatic occlusion. Carotid @entity256 is uncommon, even without routine use of vein patch angioplasty. Reoperation should be reserved for @entity1 with associated symptoms or greater than 80% @entity256 .

title: A rational approach to recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Findings that African-American race/ethnicity is associated with higher concentrations of serum urate have not been adjusted for possible confounding factors or have not explored this question as a primary outcome. We tested this hypothesis in a bi-racial cohort of younger African-American and white @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: Data from 5,049 @entity1 at the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort baseline (1985 to 1986) and follow-up for up to 20 years of individuals without @entity5052 (defined as a serum urate of 6.8 mg/dL or more) at baseline were utilized. We determined associations between race, serum urate and the development of @entity5052 in sex-specific cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Confounding factors examined included: age at enrollment, body mass index, development of @entity101 , glomerular filtration rate, medication use, diet and @entity167 intake and menopausal symptoms in @entity1 . RESULTS: Referent to whites, African-American @entity1 and @entity1 had significantly lower concentrations of serum urate at baseline. African-American @entity1 had an essentially equal risk of developing incident @entity5052 during follow-up compared with white @entity1 (multivariable adjusted HR = 1.12 (0.88 to 1.40)). African-American @entity1 developed a significantly increased risk of @entity5052 when compared to white @entity1 (HR = 2.31 (1.34 to 3.99)). CONCLUSIONS: Young African-American @entity1 and @entity1 had lower concentrations of serum urate than whites. During longitudinal follow-up, African-American @entity1 had a significantly increased risk of developing @entity5052 when compared with white @entity1 , a difference that was not observed in @entity1 . Differences in production of serum urate or a more rapid decline in fractional excretion of serum urate are potential, albeit still unproven, explanations for these findings in African-American @entity1 .

title: Association between being African-American, serum urate levels and the risk of developing XXXX : findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

answer: @entity5052 :: (MESH:D033461,Disease) :: ['hyperuricemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential for @entity2339 suppression by @entity4184 nasal irrigations in the treatment of refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity1412 (CRSwP). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, descriptive review of @entity1 charts. SETTING: Tertiary care rhinology practice in an @entity4207 teaching hospital. @entity1 : Eighteen adult subjects with CRSwP refractory to conservative medical therapy. METHODS: The charts of consecutive @entity1 identified as being treated with topical @entity4184 in saline for nasal irrigation from January to October 2006 were reviewed. In all cases, pre- and posttreatment morning @entity701 levels had been measured following at least 8 weeks of uninterrupted therapy. In addition, a subset of @entity1 who continued therapy longer than 8 weeks had undergone the more sensitive @entity4545 (ACTH) stimulation test. RESULTS: All pre- and posttreatment morning @entity701 levels were within the normal range. For an 8-week treatment period, there was no evidence of @entity2339 (p=.4171). For @entity1 who continued treatment beyond 8 weeks, ACTH stimulation did not detect @entity2339 . Furthermore, there were no issues with compliance or acceptability, nor were any adverse side effects reported. CONCLUSION: @entity4184 in saline sinonasal irrigation for the treatment of refractory CRSwP does not cause @entity2339 . The efficacy of this higher dose of @entity134 delivered locally would benefit from further study.

title: Safety of @entity4184 in saline sinonasal irrigations in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with XXXX : lack of significant adrenal suppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis', 'HPA axis suppression']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['polyposis']


abstract: The @entity989 ( @entity989 ) is critical for visual function. Throughout life, central @entity989 cells are lost but replenished by peripheral cell production. @entity1638 increases neuronal production in mature brains and is thought to erode age-related deposits in the @entity1 retina that are risk factors for @entity1020 . Here, we ask whether this agent also elevates @entity989 production in mature @entity35 eyes. If so, it may be used to replenish these cells in damaged eyes. @entity1638 was given systemically for 14 days combined with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) to mark cell division. One eye was then processed for the cell cycle marker Ki67 and the other for @entity1603 . @entity1638 significantly elevated the number of @entity989 cells in the cell cycle, with more labeled with Ki67. There were also significantly more @entity1603 -labeled cells over the 14 days, confirming that some cells divided. However, while Ki67 positive cell numbers increased by approximately 100% following examination at one time point, @entity1603 cell numbers increased by only 3% when averaged per day. Hence, @entity1638 induces cells to proliferate, but many may fail either to complete division or to survive. This may have long-term consequences for this tissue.

title: XXXX elevates cell production in the mature retinal pigment epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['Glatiramer acetate', 'glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal-pigmented epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1638 :: (MESH:C089995,Chemical) :: ['Glatiramer acetate']


abstract: Free radical attack on @entity2066 results in the formation of high amounts of @entity20072 breakdown products (CBPs) having biological activities. As several of the CBPs are reactive @entity3125 , it has to be considered that these compounds are able to modify proteins. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate whether @entity16221 -modification of proteins is leading to damaged proteins recognized and degraded by the proteasomal system. We used the model proteins tau and ferritin to test whether CBPs will modify them and whether such modifications lead to enhanced proteasomal degradation. To modify proteins, we used crude CBPs as a mixture obtained after @entity9785 derived BC degradation, as well as several single compounds, as apo8'-carotenal, @entity5995 , or @entity31391 . The majority of the CBPs found in our reaction mixture are well known metabolites as described earlier after BC degradation using different oxidants. CBPs are able to modify proteins, and in in vitro studies, we were able to demonstrate that the 20S proteasome is able to recognize and degrade @entity16221 -modified proteins preferentially. In testing the proteolytic response of HT22 cells toward CBPs, we could demonstrate an enhanced protein turnover, which is sensitive to @entity16628 . Interestingly, the proteasomal activity is resistant to treatment with @entity16221 . On the other hand, we were able to demonstrate that supraphysiological levels of CBPs might lead to the formation of protein- @entity16221 -adducts that are able to inhibit the proteasome. Therefore, the removal of @entity16221 -modified proteins seems to be catalyzed by the proteasomal system and is effective, if the formation of CBPs is not overwhelming and leading to protein aggregates.

title: Proteasomal degradation of XXXX metabolite--modified proteins.

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity9785 :: ('CHEBI:24757', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity31391 :: ('MESH:C008157', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-ionone']

entities_list: @entity16628 :: ('MESH:C067713', 'Chemical') :: ['lactacystin']

answer: @entity2066 :: (MESH:D019207,Chemical) :: ['beta-carotene']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 diagnosed with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) often lack the ability to recognize and properly respond to emotional stimuli. Emotional deficits also characterize @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ), in addition to exhibiting limited attention span. These abnormalities may effect a difference in the induced EEG gamma wave burst (35-45 Hz) peaked approximately 300-400 milliseconds following an emotional stimulus. Because induced @entity11728 are not fixed at a definite point in time post-stimulus, analysis of averaged EEG data with traditional methods may result in an attenuated gamma burst power. METHODS: We used a data alignment technique to improve the averaged data, making it a better representation of the individual induced EEG @entity11728 . A study was designed to test the response of a subject to emotional stimuli, presented in the form of emotional facial expression images. In a four part experiment, the subjects were instructed to identify gender in the first two blocks of the test, followed by differentiating between basic emotions in the final two blocks (i.e. anger vs. disgust). EEG data was collected from @entity72 (n=10), @entity71 (n=9), and control (n=11) subjects via a 128 channel EGI system, and processed through a continuous wavelet transform and bandpass filter to isolate the gamma frequencies. A custom MATLAB code was used to align the data from individual trials between 200-600 ms post-stimulus, EEG site, and condition by maximizing the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between trials. The gamma power for the 400 ms window of maximum induced gamma burst was then calculated and compared between subject groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Condition (anger/disgust recognition, gender recognition)   Alignment   Group ( @entity71 , @entity72 , Controls) interaction was significant at most of parietal topographies (e.g., P3-P4, P7-P8). These interactions were better manifested in the aligned data set. Our results show that alignment of the induced @entity11728 improves sensitivity of this measure in differentiation of EEG responses to emotional facial stimuli in @entity71 and @entity72 .

title: INDUCED EEG GAMMA OSCILLATION ALIGNMENT IMPROVES DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN AUTISM AND XXXX GROUP RESPONSES IN A FACIAL CATEGORIZATION TASK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity11728 :: ('MESH:D006362', 'Disease') :: ['gamma oscillations']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A cohort study found that 9/11-related environmental exposures and @entity1005 increased self-reported @entity65 risk. We attempted to replicate these findings using objectively defined @entity65 hospitalizations in the same cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data for adult World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees residing in New York State on enrollment and no @entity65 history (n = 46,346) were linked to a New York State hospital discharge-reporting system. Follow-up began at Registry enrollment (2003-2004) and ended at the first cerebrovascular or @entity299 ( @entity299 ) hospitalization, @entity204 , or December 31, 2010, whichever was earliest. We used proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) for @entity299 (n = 1151) and @entity66 (n = 284) hospitalization during 302,742 @entity1 -years of observation (mean follow-up, 6.5 years per @entity1 ), accounting for other factors including age, race/ethnicity, smoking, and @entity6 . An elevated risk of @entity299 hospitalization was observed among @entity1 (AHR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71) but not @entity1 (AHR 1.16, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.40) with @entity1005 at enrollment. A high overall level of World Trade Center rescue and recovery-related exposure was associated with an elevated @entity299 hospitalization risk in @entity1 (AHR 1.82, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.13; P for trend = 0.05), but findings in @entity1 were inconclusive (AHR 3.29, 95% CI 0.85 to 12.69; P for trend = 0.09). Similar associations were observed specifically with @entity453 hospitalization. @entity1005 increased the @entity66 hospitalization risk in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: 9/11-related exposures and @entity1005 appeared to increase the risk of subsequent hospitalization for @entity299 and @entity66 . This is consistent with findings based on self-reported outcomes.

title: @entity65 hospitalizations in relation to exposure to the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center disaster and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder', 'posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: There is emerging evidence to suggest that @entity24397 ( @entity24397 ) is elevated after @entity131 , and that it may play an adaptive role in recovery through augmentation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Through a series of experiments, we tested the hypothesis that the administration of @entity24397 after different @entity149 could improve functional recovery by improving CBF. C57 wild-type @entity19 were exposed to either pneumatic-induced closed @entity131 ( @entity131 ) or collagenase-induced @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). After injury, either nesiritide ( @entity3876 ) (8 microg/kg) or normal saline were administered via tail vein injection at 30 min and 4 h. The @entity19 then underwent functional neurological testing via rotorod latency over the following 5 days and neurocognitive testing via Morris water maze testing on days 24-28. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was assessed by laser Doppler from 25 to 90 min after injury. After @entity1779 , mRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histochemical staining were performed during the acute injury phase (<24 h) to determine the effects on @entity32 . Following @entity131 and @entity1779 , administration of @entity3876 was associated with improved functional performance as assessed by rotorod and Morris water maze latencies (p < 0.01). CBF was increased (p < 0.05), and inflammatory markers ( @entity637 and @entity777 ; p < 0.05), activated microglial ( @entity11496 ; p < 0.05), and @entity528 (Fluoro-Jade B; p < 0.05) were reduced in @entity19 receiving @entity3876 . @entity3876 improves neurological function in @entity19 models of @entity131 and @entity1779 , and was associated with enhanced CBF and downregulation of neuroinflammatory responses. @entity3876 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy after acute CNS injury.

title: XXXX improves long-term functional recovery after acute CNS injury in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'acute brain injury']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['acute mechanisms of central nervous system (CNS) injury']

entities_list: @entity24397 :: ('18158(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity24397 :: (18158(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Brain natriuretic peptide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of 23-gauge (G) pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil injection in @entity1713 . METHODS: Retrospective chart review of consecutive @entity1 with @entity1713 who underwent pars plana vitrectomy by one of two surgeons using distinct and consistent methods. All @entity1 undergoing 23-G pars plana vitrectomy did not have scleral buckling, whereas all @entity1 undergoing surgery by 20-G pars plana vitrectomy had additional 240-band encircling scleral buckle. All @entity1 received @entity1346 oil tamponade. @entity1 with proliferative @entity1715 Grade D, previous @entity1713 surgery, and penetrating @entity4858 were excluded. The main outcome measure was the final anatomical reattachment rate. The secondary outcome measures were the improvement in visual acuity and recurrence rate of @entity1713 after primary surgery. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 in the 23-G group and 21 @entity1 in the 20-G group were analyzed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 48.05    10.37 years and 42.57    17.84 years in the 23-G and 20-G groups, respectively. The mean follow-up duration was 5.9 months (range, 2-12 months) and 6.2 months (range, 4-9 months) in the 23-G and 20-G groups, respectively. The primary reattachment rate was 83.3% (95% confidence interval, 66.11%-100%) in the 23-G group and 86.8% (95% confidence interval, 67.81%-100%); P = 1.00) in 20-G group. The mean preoperative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity was 1.30    0.57 (Snellen equivalent 20/400) in the 23-G group and 1.27    0.70 (Snellen equivalent 20/400) in the 20-G group (P = 0.80). The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity at 1 month after the surgery was 0.66    0.25 (Snellen equivalent 20/100) in the 23-G group and 0.77    0.50 (Snellen equivalent 20/120; P = 0.46) in the 20-G group. The visual acuity at the last visit was 0.80    0.52 (20/125) versus 0.65    0.44 (20/100) in the 23-G and 20-G, respectively (P = 0.32). CONCLUSION: Silicone oil injection with 23-G system is possible and is associated with favorable anatomical success in cases of @entity1713 .

title: Sutureless 23-gauge versus 20-gauge vitrectomy with silicone oil injection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injury']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tracheal mucosal blood flow is impaired when tracheal tube cuff pressure is above 30 cm of water, with the potential for @entity39 . Previous studies have found excessive cuff pressures in simulated @entity1 intubated by North American emergency physicians as well as @entity1 intubated in the prehospital setting and @entity341 ( @entity341 ). This study assessed whether @entity1 intubated in a UK prehospital setting or @entity341 had excessive cuff pressures. METHOD: Prospective observational study in five @entity341 in southwest England over a 2-month period. All @entity1 over 18 years and intubated in the prehospital setting or in the @entity341 were included. Clinical staff independent of the @entity1 ' care recorded the following: age, sex, presenting complaint and indication for intubation, tube size and cuff pressure. Neither the paramedics nor the participating @entity341 staff were aware of the study purpose. Cuff pressure measurements were recorded using a standardised cuff inflator pressure gauge. RESULT: 61 @entity1 were recruited. The median and mean cuff pressures were 58 and 62 cm of water, respectively. 75% of @entity1 had a cuff pressure greater than 30 cm of water. The median cuff pressures in those @entity1 intubated by senior emergency physicians, junior emergency physicians and paramedics were 70, 46 and 79 cm of water, respectively. CONCLUSION: Excessive tracheal tube cuff pressures were demonstrated in the majority of @entity1 intubated both in the prehospital setting and @entity341 . This is in keeping with existing evidence. Early measurement and adjustment of cuff pressures is recommended for those @entity1 who require ongoing care.

title: Prospective observational measurement of tracheal tube cuff pressures in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal mucosal necrosis']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Genetic counseling today includes providing information about the probability of future behavior and state of health of surviving @entity1 with Down syndrome (DS). Comparative studies on quality of life of DS adults are rare. A consideration for termination of a trisomic fetus is the insecurity, loneliness, and desperation after the death of caring parents. Our study concentrated on the analysis of behavioral data and coping abilities of the @entity1 themselves. We investigated 59 DS adults who live in an institution and 59 DS adults who live at home. The control group consisted of 59 @entity1032 @entity1 with @entity74 in the same institution. The results show significant differences between the "institutionalized" and the "home-care" cohort. @entity1 and @entity1 differ in coping with their situations at home, which in turn leads to more interest in homework of @entity1 . At working places, this group is more motivated and shows a better mood. In comparison with other @entity1032 adults, those with trisomy 21 are far more socially interested and active. The implication for genetic counseling will be discussed.

title: Quality of life of adults with trisomy 21 living in XXXX homes compared with those staying under parental care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['nongenetic disorders']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation']


abstract:
Background. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) is a method in reconstructive surgery. @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) is still a "gold standard" for media supplementation in many laboratories. Prion and @entity1800 are danger for @entity1 treated witch ACT if @entity2241 is used. The aim of this study was to establish the utility of media for chondrocytes culture supplemented with @entity8667 ( @entity8667 ) or serum substitute (Ultroser G. UG) instead of @entity2241 .
 Material and methods. Primary @entity95 articular chondrocytes culture was established and cultures in MHCH (Chondrocytes Culture Medium) medium with 10% @entity2241 during first 3 passages. The influence of different sera in various concentrations of 10%, 5% and 2,5%, while Ultroser G in 2%, 1% and 0,5%. Ceels were transferred in amount of 104 into the 24-well plates containing tested media. After 96 hours cells were counted using trypan blue test and photo documentation was done. Means were compared using Student-T test.
 Results. @entity8667 in concentration of 10% stimulated cell growth to 14,93+/-2,03 x 104 cell/well. Medium supplemented with the same concentration of @entity2241 allowed to obtain 6,56+/-1,08 x 104 cell/well. Transfer from medium supplemented with 10% of @entity2241 to flask containing Ultroser G stopped proliferation rate. Cell viability in @entity8667 and @entity2241 supplemented media was over 90% while 80,8-8809% in UG.
 Conclusion. 10% @entity2241 and @entity8667 conditioned media are both suitable for chondrocytes culture. @entity8667 seems to be the serum conditioner for chondrocytes propagation.

title: Influence of autologous serum on XXXX chondrocytes proliferation in vitro. Comparing study to standard sera supplements.

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['virus diseases']

entities_list: @entity8667 :: ('MESH:D012713', 'Disease') :: ['Autologous Serum', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal bovine serum', 'FBS']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity137 and subcutaneous tissue reaction of innovative blends composed by @entity22059 and @entity22059 - @entity30745 associated with natural polymers (natural rubber and native starch) forming membranes were evaluated, aiming its applications associated with bone regeneration. @entity137 was evaluated in @entity19 fibroblasts culture cells (NIH3T3) using @entity3460 staining. Tissue response was in vivo evaluated by subcutaneous implantation of materials in @entity35 , taking into account the presence of @entity39 and connective tissue capsule around implanted materials after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 60, and 100 days of surgery. The pattern of @entity32 was evaluated by histomorphometry of the inflammatory cells. Chemical and morphological changes of implanted materials after 60 and 100 days were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) images. @entity137 tests indicated a good tolerance of the cells to the biomaterial. The in vivo tissue response of all studied materials showed normal inflammatory pattern, characterized by a reduction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and an increase in mononuclear leukocytes over the time (p < 0.05 Kruskal-Wallis). On day 60, microscopic analysis showed regression of the chronic inflammatory process around all materials. FTIR showed no changes in chemical composition of materials due to implantation, whereas @entity4653 demonstrated the delivery of starch in the medium. Therefore, the results of the tests performed in vitro and in vivo show that the innovative blends can further be used as biomaterials.

title: Subcutaneous tissue reaction and cytotoxicity of @entity22059 and XXXX - @entity30745 blends associated with natural polymers.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity30745 :: ('MESH:C074585', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity22059 :: ('MESH:C024865', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylidene fluoride']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity22059 :: (MESH:C024865,Chemical) :: ['polyvinylidene fluoride']


abstract: The electrolyte imbalance in @entity5 @entity1 , including @entity4144 , @entity2741 and @entity2753 , can be induced by various factors. @entity4144 is occasionally induced by chemotherapy for very large @entity5 , due to @entity5405 . @entity2741 and @entity2753 are often observed in @entity1 with @entity0 , @entity703 , @entity263 , and the like, as a @entity8231 . Some part of @entity2741 results from @entity3061 , but the majority is induced by hormonal factors, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein. One of the paraneoplastic causes of @entity2753 is antidiuretic hormone-producing @entity5 . These disorders could be morbid or even motile, resulting from @entity75 or @entity943 in some cases. However, it should be kept in mind that they could be improved or cured by prompt treatment. Recently, after approval of the molecular targeted drugs for epidermal growth factor receptors, such as cetuximab and panitumumab, the incidence of hypomagnesia with use of these monoclonal antibodies, is relatively frequent. In addition, small molecular targeted drugs, such as m-TORinhibitors and @entity12437 kinase inhibitors, also exert adverse reactions including hypomagnesia and @entity5886 . Careful monitoring of the serum concentration of @entity1760 and @entity1391 ions, to which little attention was paid previously, is a key issue in these cases.

title: [ XXXX and electrolytes imbalance].

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['tumor lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia', 'Hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperkalemia', 'hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Limited evidence reveals an elevated mortality risk in offspring of @entity146 @entity1 after infancy. This nationwide population-based study in Taiwan aimed to investigate mortality risk in preschool @entity1 up to age 5 whose parents have severe @entity1032 . METHOD: Three nationwide population-based data sets were linked. A total of 3,166 @entity1 with one or both parents having @entity161 or an @entity1316 were identified, together with a comparison cohort of 25,328 @entity1 matched with the study group in terms of maternal age and year of delivery. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to compute hazard ratios, with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and maternal medical comorbidities. RESULTS: During the preschool years, 54 (1.7%) @entity204 were documented among offspring of parents with severe @entity1032 and 155 (0.6%) in the comparison cohort. Parental @entity1032 was independently associated with a risk of @entity204 nearly 2.4 times higher (95% CI=1.72-3.28) than in the comparison cohort. The association was even more marked for unnatural causes of @entity204 , in which the mortality risk was 8.35 times greater (95% CI=4.04-17.24) in @entity1 of affected parents than in the comparison cohort. The proportional mortality rates were as high as 20.4% and 11.1% for accident and homicide, respectively, among offspring exposed to parental @entity1032 . CONCLUSIONS: An elevated mortality risk, especially from unnatural causes of @entity204 , was identified for offspring of parents with severe @entity1032 during the preschool years in an Asian society. There is an urgent need for multidisciplinary team approaches and risk management strategies to support @entity146 @entity1 who are having difficulty with the transition to parenthood.

title: Risk of @entity204 by unnatural causes during early childhood in offspring of parents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Local infections of the head or neck are a cause of @entity49 . Treatment of @entity49 with heparin is controversial. We examined whether this treatment was associated with @entity932 and poor clinical outcome. METHODS: We retrieved data from a prospective cohort study of 624 @entity49 @entity1 . We compared @entity1 with and without an @entity281 of the head or neck and anticoagulated versus not anticoagulated. We examined @entity204 or dependency and new @entity1779 . RESULTS: Six hundred four of 624 @entity1 were eligible for the study. Fifty-seven @entity1 had an @entity281 of the head or neck (9.4%). Comparing data between @entity281 and noninfection @entity1 , the frequency of therapeutic doses of heparin was similar in both groups (82.5% versus 83.7%). New @entity1779 were more common in @entity1 with an @entity281 (12.3% versus 5.3%; P=0.04), but @entity204 or dependency did not differ between @entity1 with and without an @entity281 (15.8% versus 13.7%). In @entity1 with an @entity281 of the head or neck, there was no significant difference in the frequency of new @entity1779 and poor outcome between @entity1 who did or did not receive therapeutic doses of heparin. CONCLUSIONS: New @entity1779 were more frequent in @entity1 with an @entity281 . The use of therapeutic doses of heparin did not seem to influence the risk of new @entity932 or poor clinical outcome, but the number of @entity1 who did not receive anticoagulation was too small to draw firm conclusions about safety of heparin in adults with @entity49 and an @entity281 of the head or neck.

title: Clinical Outcome of Anticoagulant Treatment in Head or Neck Infection-Associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages', 'intracranial hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['infectious cerebral venous thrombosis', 'cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Venous Thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This multicentre, single-arm, open-label phase 2 trial investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity6985 monotherapy in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ). METHODS: @entity1 received oral @entity6985 25mg once daily on days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle for a maximum of 24 months, until disease progression or development of unacceptable adverse events (AEs). The primary end-point was efficacy; safety was evaluated as a secondary end-point. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00655668. FINDINGS: A total of 54 @entity1 with @entity3191 were treated. The overall response rate was 22% (12 of 54), including complete response (CR) or unconfirmed CR (CRu) in 11% of @entity1 ; 31% of @entity1 with @entity784 ( @entity784 ) responded (CR/CRu in 15% of @entity1 ). The median progression-free survival and median response duration were 2.5 and 3.6 months, respectively, in the intent-to-treat population, and 4.6 and 3.5 months, respectively, in @entity1 with @entity784 . @entity882 and @entity1398 were the most common grade 3 or 4 haematological AEs, in 11 (20%) and 8 (15%) @entity1 , respectively. Overall, 19 @entity1 (35%) experienced at least 1AE leading to study dose interruption or reduction (commonly @entity1398 or @entity882 ). Serious AEs were observed in 54% of @entity1 and 12 @entity1 died during the study; @entity706 progression (n=6); and acute @entity649 , @entity1353 , @entity358 , @entity1398 , @entity55 and @entity1779 (n=1 each). INTERPRETATION: @entity6985 exhibited single-agent activity in heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity3191 , particularly in @entity1 with @entity784 . Future development is warranted in specific histologies, such as @entity784 , and in combination with chemotherapy or other agents considered active in @entity3191 . FUNDING: Celgene Corporation.

title: A phase 2, multicentre, single-arm, open-label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-agent XXXX (Revlimid) in subjects with relapsed or refractory peripheral @entity784 : the EXPECT trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTCL', 'peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma', 'AITL']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infiltration']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

answer: @entity6985 :: (MESH:C467567,Chemical) :: ['lenalidomide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) are found on amniocentesis in 2.3-3.7 per 1000 same-sex births, yet there is a limited database on which to base a prognosis. @entity2438 has been described in postnatally diagnosed cases of @entity252 (XXY karyotype), but the prevalence in non-referred samples, and in other trisomies, is unclear. The authors recruited the largest sample including all three SCTs to be reported to date, including @entity1 identified on prenatal screening, to clarify this issue. DESIGN: Parents of @entity1 with a @entity12497 were recruited either via prenatal screening or via a parental support group, to give a sample of 58 XXX, 19 XXY and 58 XYY cases. Parents were interviewed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and completed questionnaires about the communicative development of @entity1 with SCTs and their siblings (42 brothers and 26 sisters). RESULTS: Rates of language and communication problems were high in all three trisomies. Diagnoses of @entity72 ( @entity72 ) were found in 2/19 cases of XXY (11%) and 11/58 XYY (19%). After excluding those with an @entity72 diagnosis, communicative profiles indicative of mild @entity2438 features were common, although there was wide individual variation. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic features have not previously been remarked upon in studies of non-referred samples with SCTs, yet the rate is substantially above population levels in this sample, even when attention is restricted to early-identified cases. The authors hypothesise that @entity1112 may play a significant role in the aetiology of @entity497 and @entity72 .

title: @entity2438 , language and communication in XXXX with sex chromosome trisomies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked and Y-linked neuroligins']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ['Klinefelter syndrome']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['communication impairments']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Agitation is frequent in the acute @entity146 setting. The observation and treatment of @entity2146 is important to avoid harm to @entity1 or staff, to reduce distress of the @entity1 , and to reduce the risk of coercion, especially physical restraint. AIM: To evaluate the effect of intramuscular treatment with psychotropics on @entity2146 in a non-selected acute @entity146 population. METHODS: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excitement Component (PANSS-EC) was implemented in the acute @entity146 ward at Psychiatric Center Copenhagen to improve assessment and treatment of @entity2146 . During a period of almost ~2 years the staff was requested to assess @entity2146 before and after administration of intramuscular injections. RESULTS: PANSS-EC was obtained at baseline and within 2   hours after injection for 135 injections with antipsychotics or @entity1245 administered to 101 acute, non-selected @entity146 @entity1 with high occurrence of co-morbid substance abuse. Mean PANSS-EC at baseline was 26.53        4.87, and mean reduction in PANSS-EC was 14.99        8.48 (p   <   0.001). For 73% of injections PANSS-EC decreased with >= 40% (generally accepted definition of response). In 49% of cases @entity1 were subjected to physical restraint. @entity1 subjected to restraint had a significantly higher PANSS-EC score. @entity1 who received a subsequent injection had a significantly lower decline in PANSS-EC score. Besides two cases of acute @entity3519 following @entity1767 injections, no serious side-effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity2146 with intramuscular injections of psychotropics was in general effective in this non-selected, highly agitated @entity146 population, and injections were well tolerated.

title: Treatment of XXXX in the acute @entity146 setting. An observational study of the effectiveness of intramuscular psychotropic medication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity2146 :: (MESH:D011595,Disease) :: ['agitation']


abstract: @entity149 ( @entity149 ), an uncommon @entity5 , is occurring with increasing frequency. Conventional therapy with @entity288 and cranial radiotherapy (RT) usually gives a dramatic initial response, but median survival is only 10 to 18 months. Chemotherapy is more successful in comparable systemic @entity706 and has been employed for @entity149 at relapse, causing remission but not cure. Between June 1985 and June 1988, we prospectively staged 32 @entity1 with @entity149 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and treated 28 on a new protocol that combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy at diagnosis. None had occult systemic @entity706 , but 19% had ocular and 69% had definite or probable @entity706 . There were no complications in 19 stereotactic biopsies, but 4/10 @entity1 who had a complete resection suffered a severe @entity86 . Four @entity1 received RT alone, and 28 received chemotherapy and cranial RT, 17 of whom (group A) received a combination regimen using pre-RT systemic (1 g/m2) and intra-Ommaya @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), 4,000 cGy whole-brain RT with a 1,440 cGy boost, and 2 courses of post-RT high-dose @entity2592 ; 5 other @entity1 received an identical regimen but with a decreased dose of @entity1500 (200 mg/m2). Sixty-three percent of assessable @entity1 had a response to @entity1500 independent of corticosteroid and prior to RT. Eighteen of 26 (69%) assessable @entity1 who received combined therapy are alive with a median follow-up of 25.4 months. Twelve of 16 (75%) assessable group A @entity1 are alive in the same period. Chemotherapy-related @entity137 was minimal, and no late @entity137 have occurred to date.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : combined treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'leptomeningeal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'Primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deficit']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Primary CNS lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We applied a method that analyzes @entity5 response, quantifying the rates of @entity5 growth (g) and regression (d), using @entity5 measurements obtained while @entity1 receive therapy. We used data from the phase III trial comparing @entity2240 and @entity686 in metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC) @entity1 . METHODS: The analysis used an equation that extracts d and g. RESULTS: For @entity2240 , @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was strongly correlated with log g (Rsq = 0.44, P < 0.0001); much less with log d (Rsq = 0.04; P = 0.0002). The median g of @entity5 in these @entity1 (0.00082 per days; log g = -3.09) was about half that (P < 0.001) of @entity5 in @entity1 receiving @entity686 (0.0015 per day; log g = -2.81). With @entity686 , the @entity1349 /log g correlation (Rsq = 0.14) was weaker. Values of g from measurements obtained by study investigators or central review were highly correlated (Rsq = 0.80). No advantage resulted in including data from central review in regressions. Furthermore, g can be estimated accurately four months before treatment discontinuation. Extrapolating g in a model that incorporates survival generates the hypothesis that g increased after discontinuation of @entity2240 but did not accelerate. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with mRCC, @entity2240 reduced @entity5 growth rate, g, more than did @entity686 . Correlating g with @entity1349 confirms earlier analyses suggesting g may be an important clinical trial endpoint, to be explored prospectively and in individual @entity1 .

title: Analyzing the pivotal trial that compared XXXX and @entity686 in @entity1358 , using a method that assesses @entity5 regression and growth.

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine replication of the New Jersey serotype of @entity8310 virus (VSNJ) (Rhabdoviridae: Vesiculovirus) in Lutzomyia shannoni (Diptera: Psychodidae), a recently implicated sand @entity238 vector. Following ingestion of an infectious blood meal, female sand flies were fixed and examined at approximately 12-hr intervals for six days. The New Jersey serotype of @entity8310 virus was first detected in the abdominal midgut after 34 hr of incubation. Virus next appeared in fat body and the thoracic midgut at 48 hr, while salivary glands first contained visible virus in apical cavities 5-6 days after @entity281 . Flight muscles and nervous tissue occasionally contained small numbers of VSNJ virions, while virus was never detected in the ovaries or malphigian tubules. The midgut and fat body appeared to be major sites of VSNJ virus replication. In all tissues examined, virus matured primarily by budding from the plasma membrane. Virions were occasionally observed within vacuoles, along with nucleocapsids. In the midgut, budding occurred exclusively from the basolateral plasma membrane, while maturation in salivary gland cells involved apical budding. Accumulation of virions adjacent to basal laminae surrounding several tissues suggested that this structure physically impedes virus dissemination within the sandfly. The paucity of virus budding 120-144 hr after @entity281 suggested that the VSNJ virus @entity281 was modulated in Lu. shannoni.

title: Ultrastructural aspects of replication of the New Jersey serotype of XXXX virus in a suspected sand @entity238 vector, Lutzomyia shannoni (Diptera: Psychodidae).

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular stomatitis']

answer: @entity8310 :: (MESH:D054243,Disease) :: ['vesicular stomatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Perturbations in intestinal microbiota composition due to lifestyle changes may be involved in the development of @entity66 . We examined gut microbiota composition in early infancy and the subsequent development of @entity1097 . METHODS: The faeces of 957 @entity1 aged 1 month and participating in the @entity34075 Birth Cohort Study were analysed using quantitative real-time PCR. Information on @entity1109 ( @entity484 , wheeze) and potential confounders was acquired through repeated questionnaires. Total and specific IgE were measured in venous blood samples collected during home visits when the @entity1 was 2 years old. During these home visits a clinical diagnosis of @entity483 was made according to the UK-Working Party criteria. RESULTS: The presence of @entity526 was associated with a higher risk of developing @entity484 (OR(adj) = 1.87; 95% CI 1.15 to 3.04), this risk being increased with increasing numbers of @entity526 (p(for trend) = 0.016). @entity1 colonised with @entity2718 were at higher risk of developing @entity484 (OR(adj) = 1.40; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.91), recurrent wheeze (OR(adj) = 1.75; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.80) and @entity56 (OR(adj) = 1.54; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.31). Furthermore, the presence of @entity2718 was also associated with a higher risk of a diagnosis of @entity483 during the home visit (OR(adj) = 1.73; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.78). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that differences in gut microbiota composition precede the development of @entity402 . Since @entity526 was only associated with @entity484 and @entity2718 was associated with all @entity1097 outcomes, the underlying mechanisms explaining these association may be different.

title: Gut microbiota composition and development of XXXX manifestations in infancy: the @entity34075 Birth Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic manifestations and sensitisation', 'atopic']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['atopic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic sensitisation']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile', 'C difficile']

answer: @entity1097 :: (MESH:C566404,Disease) :: ['atopic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to examine the combination of formal and informal services supplied to older adults with severe @entity1032 , to assess the adequacy of services received, and to determine factors predictive of formal and informal service provision. METHODS: A cross-sectional research design was employed. Seventy-five older adults diagnosed with a SMI were recruited through local community mental health center. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using the Camberwell Assessment of Needs for the Elderly. RESULTS: Clients most frequently received services from formal sources for @entity146 distress, physical health, information, and dangerous behavior needs while informal sources provided the greatest amount of assistance for self-care, @entity146 distress, and money management needs. Appropriate assistance was most often not provided for benefits, sight/hearing, and @entity322 . Formal services were predicted by group residence and dangerous behavior, @entity221 , medication, and daily activity needs. Assistance from informal sources was predicted by private residence, self-care, mobility, and money management needs. DISCUSSION: While formal and informal sources provided adequate services for certain client needs, over 70% of the clients did not receive the correct type of help for some of their needs. Greater communication between mental health care staff and informal caregivers, and the integration of aging network services, is essential for the adequate provision of care to older severely mentally ill (SMI) adults. Education and greater linkages among care providers are necessary so that all service providers are aware of and are able to appropriately respond to the complex multi-level needs experienced by older SMI adults.

title: Formal and informal support for older adults with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding and the prevalence of @entity28 and @entity209 in a group of @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents treated at the Endocrinology and Nutrition Service of the Hospital de Getafe (Madrid). The variables studied were age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-height ratio, blood pressure, @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein and fasting @entity413 . Information was also collected on food received in the first months of life. Breastfeeding was defined as feeding with maternal milk for at least 3 months. The SPSS v.15 statistical package was used. RESULTS: A total of 126 @entity1 with @entity28 were recruited (71 @entity1 and 55 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 11.94 +/- 3.12 years. Of these, 117 (92.86%) were morbidly @entity28 (BMI > 97th percentile for age and sex). All @entity1 had a waist circumference > 90th percentile for age and sex. Of the 126 @entity1 evaluated, 36.8% were breastfed for more than 3 months and 63.2% were fed with artificial milk only. Compared with @entity1 fed with artificial milk, those who were breast fed had a lower BMI (31.53 +/- 5.77 vs 32.08 +/- 6.78) and lower waist circumference (95.02 +/- 3.4 vs. 95.69 +/- 3.2 cm), although this difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence of @entity209 in the study population was 19.8%. Within this group, 64% had not been breast fed compared with 36% who had been fed with artificial milk. CONCLUSIONS: Breast feeding for at least 3 months was associated with lower levels of @entity28 , smaller waist circumference and fewer complications related to @entity209 in childhood and adolescence. Sixty-four percent of @entity1 with complete @entity209 had received artificial feeding. Further studies are needed to ascertain the impact of breastfeeding on the development of @entity28 and cardiometabolic risk.

title: [Importance of breastfeeding in the prevalence of @entity209 and degree of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: The glutamate a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are critically involved in the excitatory synaptic transmission, and blocking AMPARs at the spinal level reverses @entity9 . However, little is known about changes in the composition of synaptic AMPARs in the spinal dorsal horn after @entity1897 . AMPARs lacking the @entity139 subunit are permeable to @entity141 , and their currents show unique inward rectification. We found that AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (AMPAR-EPSCs) of spinal dorsal horn neurons exhibited a linear current-voltage relationship in control @entity35 , whereas AMPAR-EPSCs of dorsal horn neurons displayed inward rectification in @entity35 with @entity3510 . In nerve-injured @entity35 , compared with control @entity35 , the @entity139 protein level was significantly less in the plasma membrane but was greater in the cytosolic vesicle fraction in the dorsal spinal cord. However, the @entity4860 protein levels in these fractions did not differ significantly between nerve-injured and control @entity35 . Blocking @entity1024 receptors (NMDARs) abolished inward rectification of AMPAR-EPSCs of dorsal horn neurons in nerve-injured @entity35 . Furthermore, inhibition of calpain or calcineurin, but not protein kinase C, completely blocked @entity128 -induced inward rectification of AMPAR-EPSCs of dorsal horn neurons. In addition, blocking @entity139 -lacking AMPARs at the spinal cord level @entity131 -induced @entity158 . Our study suggests that @entity128 increases @entity139 internalization and the prevalence of @entity139 -lacking AMPARs in the spinal dorsal horn to maintain chronic @entity9 . Increased prevalence of spinal @entity139 -lacking AMPARs in @entity9 is mediated by NMDARs and subsequent stimulation of calpain and calcineurin signaling.

title: @entity128 increases XXXX -lacking AMPA receptor prevalence in spinal cords: functional significance and signaling mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['reduced nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity139 :: (29627(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GluA2']


abstract: This manuscript addresses six major issues involving @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity715 . Prevention will likely see modest advances in pharmacological therapy, mainly by extending prophylaxis in high-risk @entity1 . More notable advances will be observed in mechanical means of prophylaxis, focusing on sustained application of devices that can move larger volumes of blood. Silent, large-vein thrombi continue to place @entity1 at risk for @entity1151 . Improved imaging techniques will permit us to identify these @entity1 over the next eight years. In many of those @entity1 , vena caval interruption will be required. Elimination of high-risk filters and the production of improved filters placed through low-profile systems with antithrombotic agents bound to their surface will improve the short- and long-term results for inferior vena cava filters. The long-term management of @entity1150 will focus on establishing appropriate duration for the individual @entity1 and will see the evolution towards direct Xa and IIa inhibitors. @entity1 with extensive @entity1150 will more commonly receive treatment strategies designed to eliminate @entity715 and restore patency. This will substantially reduce post-thrombotic morbidity and reduce recurrence. @entity715 will see greater attention towards treating the intraluminal @entity82 , thereby eliminating post-thrombotic @entity432 . Unfortunately, neovalves will still be searching for the appropriate application.

title: The future of XXXX and @entity715 in 2020.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['fatal pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['post-thrombotic syndrome', 'Post-thrombotic syndrome', 'thrombus']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: The clinical value of three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance (MR) angiography was prospectively evaluated in 26 @entity1 with @entity1504 ; 12 had @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ), and 14 had @entity6623 . In the initial phase of the study the entire region of interest was imaged with one large acquisition volume (60-120-mm-thick slab). Later, the angiograms were obtained with adjacent but slightly overlapping, 30-mm-thick slabs, which clearly improved vascular detail. Gadolinium enhancement slightly improved depiction of veins but not of arteries. MR angiograms were compared with available conventional angiograms and MR studies. The topography of the AVM nidus was equally well appreciated on the MR as on the conventional angiograms. However, in six of 12 @entity1 the hyperdynamic afferent arteries were incompletely shown on MR angiograms because of incomplete rephrasing. In three @entity1 , venous drainage was also incompletely visualized. Compared with conventional MR studies, MR angiography offered the same detection rate but better anatomic insight. Thirteen of the 14 @entity6623 were also identified on MR angiograms. Detailed imaging, however, necessitated @entity2287 enhancement and thin-slab acquisition.

title: XXXX : optimization and clinical evaluation of three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['congenital intracranial vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity6623 :: ('MESH:D020787', 'Disease') :: ['venous angiomas']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['Intracranial vascular lesions']


abstract: Clinical studies using biological response modifiers in @entity5 therapy have shown that the major dose-limiting toxic effects are @entity551 and diffuse microvascular leakage. The cause and pathophysiology of this @entity551 remains unknown. Previous experiments have demonstrated that a number of cell types, including endothelial cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, can secrete a potent @entity551 agent--endothelium-derived relaxing factor, which has recently been identified as @entity842 . In this study, we tested @entity379 , @entity5 @entity39 factor, @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity7191 , and endotoxin for their effects on production of @entity16425 by endothelial cells. @entity60 , in combination with @entity5 @entity39 factor, @entity5003 ), or endotoxin, induced @entity19 brain endothelial cells to secrete @entity2648 (20-45 microM within 48 hr), which are breakdown products of @entity842 . @entity3542 production was blocked by incubation of endothelial cells in medium without @entity534 , a substrate for @entity842 synthase. Accumulation of @entity2648 was also inhibited by addition of @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), which acts as a competitive inhibitor of this enzyme. The inhibitory effects of @entity7293 were reversed by addition of excess @entity534 . These results suggest (a) that endothelial cells produce @entity842 in response to immunomodulators and (b) that endothelial cell-derived @entity842 plays a role in the development of @entity551 in @entity1 treated with @entity5 @entity39 factor or interleukins. Furthermore, administration of substrate analogues such as @entity7293 may favorably alter the @entity137 associated with these immunomodulators and result in a higher maximum tolerated dose, with subsequent improvement in the antitumor activity.

title: Endothelial cell production of @entity16425 in response to XXXX in combination with @entity5 @entity39 factor, @entity1192 , or endotoxin.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrite']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity7191 :: ('MESH:D000119', 'Chemical') :: ['muramyl dipeptide']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric-oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity16425 :: ('MESH:D009589', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen oxides']

entities_list: @entity2648 :: ('MESH:D009573', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrites']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon gamma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the spectrum of clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroradiologic features in @entity1 with @entity8125 ( @entity4242 ) due to @entity22985 gene mutations. METHODS: @entity22985 was sequenced in 52 unrelated @entity4242 probands. In @entity1 with @entity22985 mutations, we evaluated the clinical phenotype, cognition, behavior, brain MRI, and family. RESULTS: We found homozygous or compound heterozygous @entity22985 loss-of-function mutations in 11 (22%) probands and 5 siblings. The probands harbored 18 different mutations, of which 16 were new. @entity4242 was severe after 1 year of age in all 16 @entity1 , although in 4 @entity1 the @entity75 ( @entity75 ) at birth was decreased by only 2 SD. The @entity75 Z score consistently decreased after birth. Late-onset @entity410 occurred in 3 @entity1 and significant pyramidal tract involvement in 1 @entity1 . Intellectual quotients ranged from borderline-normal to severe @entity1032 . Mild motor delay was noted in 7/16 @entity1 . Language development was delayed in all @entity1 older than 3 years. Brain MRI (n = 12) showed a simplified gyral pattern in 9 @entity1 and several malformations including ventricle enlargement (n = 7), partial corpus callosum agenesis (n = 3), mild @entity15405 (n = 1), focal @entity6795 (n = 1), and unilateral polymicrogyria (n = 1). @entity16 consisted of @entity851 (n = 1), idiopathic @entity1175 (n = 1), and @entity8 (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: We provide a detailed description of features associated with @entity22985 mutations. Borderline @entity4242 at birth, borderline-normal intellectual efficiency, and @entity75 can occur in @entity22985 -related primary @entity8125 .

title: Expanding the clinical and neuroradiologic phenotype of XXXX due to @entity22985 mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['OFC', 'brain malformations', 'occipital-frontal circumference']

entities_list: @entity8125 :: ('MESH:C579935', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive primary microcephaly', 'hereditary microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Non-neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1175 :: ('MESH:D011628', 'Disease') :: ['premature puberty']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['MCPH', 'Microcephaly', 'microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity15405 :: ('MESH:C562568', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar hypoplasia']

answer: @entity8125 :: (MESH:C579935,Disease) :: ['primary microcephaly']


abstract: Although the majority of @entity9681 are nonfunctional, some of these @entity5 are associated with hormone production and clinical symptoms, notably @entity101 . The authors have investigated 22 @entity1823 , five of which were diagnosed as clinically functional in a light microscopic immunocytochemical and electron microscopic study (nine cases). Histologically, all the @entity1823 exhibited similar features, with a "Zellballen" pattern of polygonal cells. All 22 cases were strongly immunoreactive to @entity5855 ( @entity5855 ) antisera and moderately reactive to antineuron-specific enolase ( @entity3508 ) sera. Ten cases (five functional) were focally immunoreactive to antichromogranin sera. Seven cases (four functional) were immunoreactive to @entity7766 and enkephalin antisera, and six (five functional) to @entity669 hydroxylase antisera. The clinically functional @entity5 expressed at least two of the antigens, @entity3000 , @entity7766 , or @entity669 hydroxylase, whereas none of the 17 nonfunctional possessed more than one of these. Electron microscopic study revealed cells from all the nine cases studied to contain secretory granules. Granule sizes ranged from 100 to 280 nm and the morphologic examination of the secretory granules generally showed a dense core with a membrane-bound halo of variable size. Secretory granules were observed in the five functional cases and these were larger (220-280 nm) than those seen in the nonfunctional @entity5 cells (100-180 nm). Also, @entity5 cells from the functional cases contained numerous dilated mitochondrial profiles.

title: XXXX . An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural report.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9681 :: ('MESH:C565335', 'Disease') :: ['extraadrenal paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3000 :: ('MESH:D004745', 'Chemical') :: ['enkephalin']

answer: @entity9681 :: (MESH:C565335,Disease) :: ['Extraadrenal paragangliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a valuable treatment option in severely @entity308 elderly @entity1 . @entity2526 in the brain, such as @entity62 , medial temporal lobe @entity194 ( @entity8642 ), or global @entity194 , may influence therapeutic response. The respective value of these factors in response prediction is unclear. METHOD: In a naturalistic clinical cohort of 81 elderly @entity1 diagnosed with DSM-IV major @entity308 , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was recorded and rated before ECT treatment. The study was conducted at the clinic for Geriatric Psychiatry of the VU University Medical Center/Stichting Buitenamstel Geestgronden, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, over a 5-year period (2001-2006). Severity of @entity308 symptoms was measured by using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Response to ECT was defined as a decrease of at least 50 percent on the MADRS, and remission was defined as a score below 10 points on the MADRS. RESULTS: @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity8642 had a lower mean percentage decrease in MADRS scores after ECT (37.9% in those with @entity8642 , compared to 66.2% in those without @entity8642 , P = .008). @entity1 without @entity8642 had a 3 times greater chance of remitting from their @entity308 compared to @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity8642 , ie, the hazard ratio for remission was 3.22 (95% CI, 1.30 to 7.69, P = .01). In contrast, no differences in change in MADRS scores were found for @entity62 . CONCLUSIONS: Medial temporal lobe @entity194 --not @entity62 --contributes to poor response to ECT in severely @entity308 elderly @entity1 . These findings suggest that assessment of @entity8642 in severely @entity308 elderly @entity1 may be useful in the prediction of potential ECT response.

title: @entity62 , medial temporal lobe @entity194 , @entity194 , and response to electroconvulsive therapy in severely XXXX elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressed', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['Structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities or global cortical atrophy', 'white matter hyperintensities']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']