abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of @entity167 on @entity342 levels among premenopausal @entity1 . Eighty-seven @entity1 in the mid-cycle phase of the menstrual cycle, 47 of whom used oral contraceptives (OC+), were included in the study. The range for reported @entity167 consumption was 0-4 drinks/day. The total @entity251 levels were significantly higher after @entity167 intake (0.5 g/kg) than after placebo at 45 min and 90 min from the start of drinking among both OC- and OC+ subjects. This effect was also seen in the free @entity251 fraction. The effect on @entity251 was more prominent among OC+ subjects. @entity2671 levels were significantly lowered and the @entity251 : @entity2671 ratio significantly elevated by @entity167 among both OC- and OC+ subjects. No effect of @entity167 on @entity2494 or @entity586 levels was observed. A positive correlation was observed between the change in @entity251 levels and the change in @entity2671 levels during placebo conditions. The correlation was significantly reduced during @entity167 conditions among OC+ subjects, indicating an increased @entity2671 to @entity251 conversion. No significant dose (0.34, 0.68 and 1.02 g/kg) or time (45, 90 and 150 min) effects on total @entity251 were observed in a substudy involving 10 OC+ subjects. The present results suggest that the @entity251 effect is related to the zero-order mechanism of @entity1068 oxidation. The observed @entity251 and @entity2671 effects are suggested to be the result of an increased @entity2671 to @entity251 conversion in the liver caused by the @entity167 -mediated elevation in the [ @entity2125 ]:[ @entity2125 ] ratio. The present findings may be relevant in the development of @entity3428 and loss of female sexual characteristics associated with heavy @entity167 consumption.

title: Acute effect of XXXX on androgens in premenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione', 'Androstenedione']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of infrared thermography in the diagnosis of @entity4841 in @entity1 with @entity2956 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 aged between 18 and 40 years were recruited for the study. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for @entity2956 was used to allocate the volunteers to the control group (n = 15) and @entity4841 group (n = 15). Both groups were submitted to infrared thermography of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ), followed by a punctual analysis of the images. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of skin surface temperature between groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the reliability of the infrared image analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the accuracy of the diagnosis. RESULTS: Skin temperature was significantly greater over the left (P = .004) and right (P = .012) @entity1348 in the @entity4841 group. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.841 to 0.874. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.598 to 0.675. CONCLUSION: Excellent intrarater and interrater reliability was found in the analysis of the infrared images of the @entity1348 . However, infrared thermography demonstrated a low accuracy in the diagnosis of @entity4841 in @entity1 with @entity2956 .

title: Accuracy and reliability of infrared thermography in the diagnosis of @entity4841 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['Temporomandibular Disorders', 'temporomandibular disorder']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity976 is the third most recurrent @entity1313 . Although histologically benign, it behaves aggressively as a @entity5 due to invasion of the hypothalamus and visual pathways. Surgery is still the first and almost the only mode of treatment, although serious damage can occur as a consequence of @entity5 localization. The proteomic characterization of the intracystic tumoural fluid could contribute to the comprehension of the tumorigenesis processes and to the development of therapeutic targets to reduce cyst volume, allowing less invasive surgery and/or delay of the radical resection of the @entity5 mass and the collateral serious effects. METHODS: Intracystic fluid was analysed by a LC-ESI-IT-MS top-down platform after acidification, deproteinization and @entity3636 liquid/liquid extraction. FINDINGS: Thymosin b4 and @entity5776 peptides were for the first time identified in the intracystic fluid of @entity976 by low- and high-resolution MS analysis coupled with LC. The two peptides showed the same distribution trend in the analysed samples. Thymosin b4 and @entity5776 were present in 77  % of the analysed samples. These peptides were not found in the cerebrospinal fluid available for two @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: The presence of b-thymosins in the intracystic fluid of the @entity5 confirmed the secretion of these proteins in the extracellular environment. Due to their G-actin-sequestering activity and antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, these peptides could be strictly involved in both @entity5 progression and cyst development and growth.

title: Identification of thymosins b4 and b 10 in paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma', 'Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngioma cystic fluid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity354 ( @entity354 ) symptoms have a significant impact on @entity1 ' well-being. Onset of symptom relief is therefore an important consideration in @entity354 treatment. The primary objective was to compare the efficacy of @entity7619 (20 mg) and @entity4546 (20 mg) regarding onset of heartburn control during the first 7 days of treatment in @entity1 with @entity2681 . Secondary objectives included maintenance of sustained heartburn control, control of other @entity354 symptoms (e.g. acid regurgitation, @entity158 , @entity1282 ), effect on quality of life, @entity1 satisfaction with treatment, and adverse events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, comparative study, performed in Europe and Iceland, @entity1 with endoscopically confirmed @entity2681 were randomized to receive once-daily treatment with @entity7619 20 mg (n=358) or @entity4546 20 mg (n=359) for 7 days. Symptoms were recorded (scored on a 5-point Likert scale) twice daily by the @entity1 on their diary cards. RESULTS: Median time to reach heartburn control was 1.5 days for both the @entity7619 and @entity4546 groups (p<0.43). The results were similar between treatments for other study parameters. Both treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous studies, no significant differences were found between treatments with @entity7619 (20 mg) and @entity4546 (20 mg) in this study. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential benefit of fast-acting proton-pump inhibitors, such as @entity7619 , with respect to onset of symptom control in erosive @entity354 .

title: Effect of @entity7619 and XXXX on the onset of @entity354 symptom relief during the first seven days of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosive oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity7619 :: ('MESH:C063129', 'Chemical') :: ['rabeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'GORD']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: @entity551 during hemodialysis is still an unsolved problem. The treatment of @entity1 with cardiovascular instability is efficaciously carried out with the use of 'profiled dialysis' (PD) with computerized modulation of ultrafiltration and conductivity. We tested a new profile model which involves progressive decrease of ultrafiltration associated with variable conductivity ('bell pattern'). We observed 8 stable long-term @entity1 receiving hemodialysis (4 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , mean age 63.5 years) for 4 h three times a week. Before our test, @entity1372 balance had reached a steady state in all @entity1 and remained stable during the entire observation period. The @entity1372 balance was established by means of a simple pattern suggested by Ursino and coworkers. The @entity1 were observed for two periods of 1 month each (protocols A and B). The intradialytic mean arterial pressure was studied, checking every hour of dialysis. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA for repeated measures. We compared standard dialysis with constant ultrafiltration rate and conductivity (protocol A) with sessions performed involving a progressive decrease of ultrafiltration together with a variable conductivity of -0.2, +0.2, +0.6, +0.6, 0, -0.4, -0.4, and -0.4 mS/s (protocol B). We found a lower incidence of @entity551 (p < 0.01) with better cardiovascular stability during and after treatment in 'profiled dialysis'.

title: XXXX and fluid modulation in dialysis: new approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['Sodium']


abstract: Newborn animals are resistant to @entity26 @entity137 . To investigate this phenomenon, the proinflammatory cytokines @entity20573 , @entity20574 , and @entity23866 ( @entity23866 ) were measured during newborn @entity95 @entity651 . Pups were exposed to > 95% O2 for 8-9 days, followed by 60% O2 until 36 days of age. Lung lavage fluid, RNA, and tissue sections were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 22, and 36 days. Acute @entity32 occurred by 6-10 days of @entity871 , and @entity82 by 22 days. Northern hybridization of lung homogenates from @entity871 -exposed pups showed elevated @entity23866 and @entity20574 mRNA expression at 6 and 10 days, respectively, compared to age-matched, air-exposed controls. Lavage fluid @entity20574 protein also peaked at 10 days, and was strongly correlated to neutrophil numbers in lavage. In situ hybridization revealed elevated @entity20573 mRNA in macrophages, alveolar epithelial and interstitial cells at 2-10 days, elevated @entity23866 mRNA in similar cell types at 4-8 days, and elevated @entity20574 mRNA in these cells and neutrophils at 4-10 days. @entity20573 and @entity20574 expression peaked during peak @entity32 , whereas peak @entity23866 expression preceded macrophage influx. Comparing newborn and adult animals' chemokine response may help explain their differences in @entity871 susceptibility.

title: Discordant pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine expression during acute @entity871 in the newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23866 :: ('100009130(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxic lung injury']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Rho @entity3006 dissociation inhibitor beta ( @entity41666 ), an inhibitor of Rho GTPases, is primarily expressed by hematopoietic cells but is also found in epithelial @entity5 cells. Recently, we have identified @entity41666 as a target of the transcription factor @entity12136 . Here, we show that, in @entity0 cells, @entity12136 regulates @entity41666 expression and binds to the upstream region of the @entity41666 gene. Furthermore, in primary @entity0 , @entity41666 is coexpressed with @entity12136 . Studying the function of @entity41666 in @entity0 , we found that a Rho-GD beta-specific small interfering RNA increased cellular migration but also decreased the expression of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) oncogene as shown by microarray, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and Western blot analyses. Further studies revealed that @entity41666 regulates @entity3840 gene at least partly on the transcriptional level, most likely by activating @entity9888 ( @entity9888 ). @entity22155 , an interaction partner of @entity41666 , was also found to interfere with @entity3840 expression and @entity9888 cellular distribution, suggesting a cooperative action of @entity41666 and @entity22155 on @entity3840 expression. To explore the importance of @entity41666 for the survival of @entity0 @entity1 , two cohorts, including 263 and 117 @entity1 , were analyzed for clinical outcome in relation to @entity41666 RNA and protein levels, respectively. Expression of @entity41666 was not associated with either disease-free or overall survival in the two @entity1 population. Our data suggest that the expression of @entity41666 in @entity0 is neither beneficial nor disadvantageous to the @entity1 . This may be the net effect of two opposing activities of @entity41666 , one that suppresses @entity5 progression by inhibiting migration and the other that stimulates it by enhancing @entity3840 expression.

title: @entity3840 is a target gene of rho @entity3006 dissociation inhibitor beta in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity9888 :: ('4773', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor of activated T cells 1', 'NFAT-1']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A large proportion (25-46%) of adults with @entity29 in remission has symptoms of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ), which are thought to reflect ongoing @entity32 . Data on paediatric @entity29 @entity1 are lacking. AIM: To investigate (i) the prevalence of @entity146 in paediatric @entity29 @entity1 in remission and (ii) the relationship of @entity146 with biochemical markers of disease activity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included all @entity1 (<18 years) with @entity30 or @entity31 attending the out- @entity1 clinic of one of three Dutch hospitals between March 2014 and June 2015. Clinical disease activity was determined using the abbreviated-PCDAI or PUCAI. Biochemical disease activity was assessed using faecal calprotectin and serum CRP. @entity146 were assessed using physician-administered Rome III-questionnaires. RESULTS: We included 184 @entity1 (92 female; mean age: 14.5 years) ( @entity30 : 123, @entity31 : 61). The prevalence of @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity29 in clinical remission was 6.4% (95% CI: 2.5-11.1%; @entity30 : 4.5%; @entity31 : 10.8%). Prevalence of @entity146 in @entity1 with faecal calprotectin <250  g/g was 16.1% (95% CI: 7.6-25.8%; @entity30 : 16.7%; @entity31 : 10.8%). No difference in faecal calprotectin or CRP was found between @entity1 in clinical remission with or without @entity146 (faecal calprotectin: @entity1744 + median 58  g/g, @entity1744 - 221  g/g, P = 0.12; CRP: @entity1744 + median 1.4 mg/L, @entity1744 - 1.1 mg/L, P = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity29 is highly dependent on the definition of remission. Nonetheless, the prevalence is much lower than that previously reported in studies in adult @entity29 @entity1 . @entity146 appear to be unrelated to @entity344 .

title: The prevalence of XXXX in paediatric @entity29 , and the relationship with biochemical markers of disease activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['IBS-type symptoms', 'IBS-symptoms']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms']


abstract: It has been shown that @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) and @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) have no significant negative or even positive side effects upon cognition in @entity1 with @entity302 . The present study evaluated cognitive effects of @entity2050 or @entity2052 in 16 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity302 . Twelve @entity1 had complex partial @entity410 , four @entity1 primarily generalized @entity410 . Special attention was directed towards @entity410 type, presence of structural lesions and @entity410 control. Neuropsychological testing was carried out prior to medication and when drugs were within therapeutic ranges. Nineteen untreated healthy subjects served as controls. The following results were obtained: first of all, no general effect of antiepileptic drugs upon cognition could be detected. Only a subgroup with lesion (n = 8) and pre-existing @entity73 showed a significant decrease in memory performance during medication. This group additionally obtained poor @entity410 control. In conclusion, adverse cognitive changes under medication cannot be explained by antiepileptic drugs alone. The presence of @entity75 and obtained @entity410 control have to be considered as essential risk factors.

title: Differential effects of first antiepileptic drug application on cognition in lesional and non-lesional XXXX with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity302 are a principal @entity75 with important public health implications, as they affect 0.8% of @entity1 . Many of these @entity1 (20%) are resistant to treatment with drugs. The ability to anticipate the onset of @entity410 in such cases would permit clinical interventions. The view of chronic @entity1625 now is that abnormally discharging neurons act as pacemakers to recruit and entrain other normal neurons by loss of inhibition and synchronization into a critical mass. Thus, preictal changes should be detectable during the stages of recruitment. Traditional signal analyses, such as the count of focal spike density, the frequency coherence or spectral analyses are not reliable predictors. Non-linear indicators may undergo consistent changes around @entity410 onset. Our objective was to follow the transition into @entity410 by reconstructing intracranial recordings in implanted @entity1 as trajectories in a phase space and then introduce non-linear indicators to characterize them. These indicators take into account the extended spatio-temporal nature of the @entity302 recruitment processes and the corresponding physiological events governed by short-term causalities in the time series. We demonstrate that in most cases (17 of 19), @entity410 onset could be anticipated well in advance (between 2-6 minutes beforehand), and that all subjects seemed to share a similar 'route' towards @entity410 .

title: XXXX can be anticipated by non-linear analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epileptic seizures', 'epileptic']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptic seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and transabdominal ultrasound frequently fail to detect ampullary lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a sensitive modality for detecting and staging @entity5 . Accurate staging may be affected by biliary stenting, which is frequently performed in these @entity1 with @entity3883 . The present study assessed the accuracy of @entity5 staging with multiple imaging modalities in @entity1 with and those without endobiliary stents. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 from two endosonography centers were preoperatively staged by EUS plus CT (37 @entity1 ), MRI (13 @entity1 ), or angiography (10 @entity1 ) over a 3(1/2) year period. Twenty-five of the 50 @entity1 had a transpapillary endobiliary stent present at the time of endosonographic examination. Accuracy of EUS, CT, MRI, and angiography was assessed with the TNM classification system and compared with surgical-pathologic staging. The influence of an endobiliary stent present at the time of EUS on staging accuracy of EUS was also evaluated. RESULTS: EUS was more accurate than CT and MRI in the overall assessment of the T stage of @entity5 (EUS 78%, CT 24%, MRI 46%). No significant difference in N stage accuracy was noted between the three imaging modalities (EUS 68%, CT 59%, MRI 77%). EUS T stage accuracy was reduced from 84% to 72% in the presence of a transpapillary endobiliary stent. This was most prominent in the understaging of T2/T3 @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: EUS is superior to CT and MRI in assessing T stage but not N stage of ampullary lesions. The presence of an endobiliary stent at EUS may result in underestimating the need for a Whipple resection because of @entity5 understaging.

title: EUS compared with CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography and the influence of biliary stenting on staging accuracy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ampullary tumors', 'ampullary tumor', 'ampullary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['ampullary neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the improved @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) @entity1 , the importance of quality of life (QoL) is increasingly being recognized. For some radiosensitive @entity189 @entity1 , whether low-dose radiotherapy can improve the QoL without affecting clinical efficacy is unknown. This study aimed to assess the survival rates and QoL of @entity189 @entity1 treated with 50  Gy radiotherapy plus @entity3838 derivative (HPD). METHODS: Forty-six newly diagnosed @entity189 @entity1 treated with 50  Gy radiotherapy plus HPD between June 1988 and July 1992 were analyzed. All @entity1 were restaged according to the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on @entity5 staging system. The radiotherapy plan was designed on the basis of pretreatment computed tomography. The @entity1349 , local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. QoL was assessed using the Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity1349 , LRFS, DMFS, and DFS rates were 74.3%, 72.6%, 82.1%, and 61.2%, respectively. The corresponding 10-year rates were 38.4%, 62.9%, 78.5%, and 49.8%, respectively, and the 20-year rates were 27.7%, 51.4%, 78.5%, and 40.7%, respectively. None of the @entity1 developed severe radiation-related complications, such as radiation-induced @entity1315 , @entity393 , trismus, and @entity1282 . CONCLUSION: Some @entity189 @entity1 were sensitive to 50  Gy radiotherapy plus HPD, and this sensitivity was characterized by long-term survival without significant late treatment morbidities.

title: Forty-six cases of @entity189 treated with 50  Gy radiotherapy plus XXXX derivative: 20  years of follow-up and outcomes from the Sun Yat-sen University @entity5 Center.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity3838 :: ('MESH:D006415', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3838 :: (MESH:D006415,Chemical) :: ['hematoporphyrin']


abstract: Antimelanoma antibodies previously demonstrated in the serum of @entity320 @entity1 by immunofluorescence have now been detected by a sensitive and quantitative complement fixation technique. The @entity320 -specific antibodies detected by both of these techniques show a remarkable correlation with the stage of disease. Study of serums from 63 @entity320 @entity1 showed that both the incidence and titer of antibodies to the @entity5 antigens of @entity320 were found to be higher in @entity1 with localized @entity320 than in those with widespread metastatic disease. Furthermore, study of serial serum specimens on @entity320 @entity1 revealed a drop in antibody titer to undetectable levels with advancing metastatic disease. Additional evidence for the importance of immunological factors in this disease came from studies of delayed cutaneous @entity56 in @entity320 @entity1 . All @entity1 with localized @entity320 were capable of being sensitized to @entity3304 , whereas all @entity1 who could not manifest delayed cutaneous @entity56 to this chemical had widespread metastatic disease. Eight @entity320 @entity1 were treated with immunotherapy using BCG as an immunological adjuvant. This therapy produced a rising titer of antimelanoma antibody and temporary @entity5 regression in five @entity1 . However, only one of these @entity1 has had a complete regression and remains free of disease at two years following treatment. There was a good correlation between the @entity1 's immunological competence and his response to immunotherapy. All @entity1 who could be sensitized to @entity3304 or tuberculin and developed a fourfold rise in antibody titer had some response to immunotherapy, whereas anergic @entity1 failed to respond to this therapy. These studies indicate that the host immune response to @entity320 is an important factor in controlling the progression of this disease. Therefore, immunotherapy may become a useful adjunct to the primary surgical therapy of @entity320 .

title: Immunological factors which influence response to immunotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity12349 is a potent and selective @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity6 by increasing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to @entity413 . This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of @entity12349 in @entity1 with @entity409 compared with healthy subjects. METHODS: This was an open-label, parallel-group study in @entity1 with mild (n = 6), moderate (n = 6) or severe (n = 4) @entity409 and healthy subjects (n = 6). All subjects received a single 100-mg oral dose of @entity12349 , and plasma concentrations of @entity12349 and its main pharmacologically inactive metabolite LAY151 were measured up to 36 h post-dose. RESULTS: Exposure to @entity12349 (AUC(0-infinity) and C(max)) decreased non-significantly by 20 and 30%, respectively, in @entity1 with mild @entity409 [geometric mean ratio (90% CI): AUC(0-infinity), 0.80 (0.60, 1.06), p = 0.192; C(max), 0.70 (0.46, 1.05), p = 0.149]. Exposure to @entity12349 was also decreased non-significantly in @entity1 with moderate @entity409 [-8% for AUC(0-infinity), geometric mean ratio (90% CI): 0.92 (0.69, 1.23), p = 0.630; -23% for C(max), geometric mean ratio (90% CI): 0.77 (0.51, 1.17), p = 0.293]. In @entity1 with severe @entity409 , C(max) was 6% lower than that in healthy subjects [geometric mean ratio (90% CI): 0.94 (0.59, 1.49), p = 0.285], whereas AUC(0-infinity) was increased by 22% [geometric mean ratio (90% CI): 1.22 (0.89, 1.68), p = 0.816). Across the @entity409 groups, LAY151 AUC(0-infinity) and C(max) were increased by 29-84% and 24-63%, respectively, compared with healthy subjects. The single 100-mg oral dose of @entity12349 was well tolerated by @entity1 with @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in exposure to @entity12349 in @entity1 with mild, moderate or severe @entity409 ; therefore, no dose adjustment of @entity12349 is necessary in @entity1 with @entity409 .

title: The influence of @entity409 on the pharmacokinetics of the @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) inhibitor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase-IV', 'DPP-4']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic impairment']

entities_list: @entity12349 :: ('MESH:C502012', 'Chemical') :: ['Vildagliptin', 'vildagliptin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12349 :: (MESH:C502012,Chemical) :: ['vildagliptin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: 1) To describe the clinical entity invasive well-differentiated @entity259 (IWDTC), 2) to determine prognostic factors for survival in @entity1 with IWDTC, 3) to describe and compare types of surgical resection to determine treatment efficacy, 4) to offer a staging system and surgical algorithm for management of @entity1 with IWDTC, 5) to examine alterations in expression of @entity5962 and @entity3546 adhesion molecules in three groups of thyroid tissue and propose a cellular mechanism for invasion of the aerodigestive tract. STUDY DESIGN: Basic science: quantification of expression of @entity5962 and @entity3546 in three groups of thyroid tissue. Clinical: retrospective review of @entity1 with IWDTC surgically treated and followed over a 45-year time period. METHODS: Basic science: immunohistochemical staining was used with antibodies against @entity5962 and @entity3546 in three groups of tissue: group 1, normal control thyroid tissue (n = 10); group 2, conventional @entity3557 (n = 20); group 3, IWDTC (n = 12). Intensity scores were given on the basis of protocol. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate differences between groups. Post hoc ANOVA testing was completed. P < .05 was significant. Clinical: @entity1 were divided into three surgical groups within the laryngotracheal subset: group 1, complete resection of gross disease (n = 34); group 2, shave excision (n = 75); group 3, incomplete excision (n = 15). Cox regression analysis was used to determine significance of prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to evaluate survival. P < .05 was significant. RESULTS: Basic science: a significant difference between the three thyroid tissue groups for @entity5962 expression was demonstrated on one-way ANOVA testing. When controls were compared with either experimental group in post hoc ANOVA testing, differences between all groups were demonstrated (P < .001). For @entity3546 , the intensities of the three groups were not different by one-way ANOVA testing. Similar nonsignificant results were found on post hoc ANOVA testing. Clinical: there was a statistically significant difference in survival for @entity1 with and without involvement of any portion of the endolarynx or @entity825 (P < .01). There was a significant difference among all three surgical groups when compared (P < .001). When complete and shave groups were compared with gross residual group there was a significant decrease in survival in incomplete resection group (P < .01). Cox regression analysis demonstrated invasion of larynx and @entity825 were significant prognostic factors for poor outcome. The type of initial resection was significant on multivariate analysis. Removal of all gross disease is a major factor for survival. CONCLUSIONS: Basic science: there is a decrease in membrane expression of @entity5962 in IWDTC, and loss of this @entity5 suppressor adhesion molecule may contribute to the invasive nature of well-differentiated @entity259 . Clinical: laryngotracheal invasion is a significant independent prognostic factor for survival. @entity1 undergoing shave excision had similar survival when compared with those undergoing @entity5 resection if gross @entity5 did not remain. Gross intraluminal @entity5 should be resected completely. Shave excision is adequate for minimal invasion not involving the intraluminal surfaces of the aerodigestive tract.

title: Aerodigestive tract invasion by well-differentiated XXXX : diagnosis, management, prognosis, and biology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'radical tumor']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: We investigated a recovery pattern in subjective and objective measures among 52 @entity1 with @entity7769 after anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score (primary outcome), @entity1183 score, grip and pinch strength, Semmes-Weinstein (SW) score, static 2-point discrimination (2PD) score, and motor conduction velocity (MCV) stage were examined preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, 12, and >= 24 months postoperatively. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate how each variable improved after surgery. A linear mixed-effects model was used for continuous variables (DASH score, @entity1183 , grip and pinch strength), and a proportional odds model was used for categorical variables (SW and 2PD tests and MCV stages). DASH score significantly improved by 6 months. Significant recovery in @entity1183 and SW test scores occurred at 1 month. Grip and pinch strength, 2PD test scores, and MCV stage improved by 3 months. DASH scores and @entity1183 recovered regardless of age, sex, or disease severity. It was still unclear if both subjective and objective measures improved beyond 1-year postoperatively. These data are helpful for predicting postoperative recovery patterns and tend to be most important for @entity1 prior to surgery.

title: Postoperative improvement in DASH score, clinical findings, and nerve conduction velocity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']


abstract: To improve the efficacy and tolerance of the @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )/ @entity900 combination in metastatic @entity418 , we designed a new therapeutic schedule, the HLFP regimen. 42 @entity1 with metastatic @entity420 (n=10) or @entity957 (n=32) were prospectively enrolled in the study. All had bidimensionally measurable disease. The HLFP regimen consisted of twice-monthly oral administration of @entity1862 1 g/m(2) on days 0, 1 and 2; a 2-h infusion of @entity4181 200 mg/m(2) and a bolus of @entity1487 400 mg/m(2) followed by a 22-h infusion of @entity1487 600 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2; and, every two cycles, 80 mg/m(2) @entity900 on day 3. Relief of @entity1282 and other symptoms were monitored, together with body weight changes. Major objective responses were observed in 24 @entity1 (57%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 42-72%), including four complete responses (10%). The median progression-free survival and overall survival times were 8 and 12.7 months, respectively. Weight gain was observed in 48% of @entity1 , and @entity1282 improved in 76%. Grade 3-4 @entity137 occurred in 40% of @entity1 , with grade 4 @entity1398 in 12% and grade 3 @entity882 , @entity391 and @entity294 in 7-9% of @entity1 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . These results suggest that the HLFP regimen is an active and well-tolerated chemotherapy for metastatic @entity189 .

title: Optimisation of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )/ @entity900 combination chemotherapy with a new schedule of @entity1862 , @entity4181 , XXXX and @entity900 (HLFP regimen) for metastatic oesophageal cancer.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-FU']


abstract: DnaA is an AAA+ ATPase and the conserved replication initiator in bacteria. Bacteria control the timing of replication initiation by regulating the activity of DnaA. DnaA binds to multiple sites in the origin of replication (oriC) and is required for recruitment of proteins needed to load the replicative helicase. DnaA also binds to other chromosomal regions and functions as a transcription factor at some of these sites. @entity3881 DnaD is needed during replication initiation for assembly of the replicative helicase at oriC and during replication restart at stalled replication forks. DnaD associates with DnaA at oriC and at other chromosomal regions bound by DnaA. Using purified proteins, we found that DnaD inhibited the ability of DnaA to bind cooperatively to DNA and caused a decrease in the apparent dissociation constant. These effects of DnaD were independent of the ability of DnaA to bind or hydrolyze @entity855 . Other proteins known to regulate @entity3881 DnaA also affect DNA binding, whereas much of the regulation of @entity526 DnaA affects @entity377 hydrolysis or exchange. We found that the rate of @entity377 exchange for @entity3881 DnaA was high and not affected by DnaD. The rapid exchange is similar to that of @entity794 DnaA and in contrast to the low exchange rate of @entity526 DnaA. We suggest that organisms in which DnaA has a high rate of @entity377 exchange predominantly regulate the DNA binding activity of DnaA and that those with low rates of exchange regulate hydrolysis and exchange.

title: The primosomal protein DnaD inhibits cooperative DNA binding by the replication initiator DnaA in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: In @entity1238 , the @entity2270 is patterned by the interplay between active signalling in ventral territories, and secreted antagonists from Spemann's organiser. Two signals are important in ventral cells, @entity47360 ( @entity47360 ) and @entity22681 . @entity47360 plays a conserved role in patterning the vertebrate @entity2270 , whilst the precise role of @entity22681 and its relationship with @entity47360 , are still unclear. Here we have investigated the role played by the GATA family of transcription factors, which are expressed in ventral mesendoderm during gastrulation and are required for the differentiation of blood and endodermal tissues. Injection ventrally of a dominant-interfering GATA factor (called G2en) induced the formation of secondary axes that phenocopy those induced by the dominant-negative @entity47361 . However, unlike inhibiting BMP signalling, inhibiting GATA activity in the ectoderm does not lead to neuralisation. In addition, analysis of gene expression in G2en injected embryos reveals that at least one known target gene for @entity47360 , the homeobox gene @entity47362 , is unaffected. In contrast, the expression of @entity22681 and the homeobox gene @entity47363 is suppressed by G2en, whilst the organiser-secreted BMP antagonist @entity40835 becomes ectopically expressed. These data therefore suggest that GATA activity is essential for ventral cell fate and that subsets of ventralising and dorsalising genes require GATA activity for their expression and suppression, respectively. Finally, using G2en, we show that suppression of @entity22681 expression, in conjunction with blocked BMP signalling, does not lead to head formation, suggesting that the head-suppressing Wnt signal may not be @entity22681 .

title: Suppression of GATA factor activity causes axis duplication in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['dorsoventral axis']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some hypnotics may interact with neuromuscular blockers and potentiate their effects. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of @entity1875 and @entity4671 on @entity2898 -induced @entity4094 . METHODS: Participated in this study 60 @entity1 , physical status ASA I and II, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia, who were randomly distributed in two groups according to the hypnotic drug: Group I ( @entity1875 ) and Group II ( @entity4671 ). All @entity1 were premedicated with intramuscular @entity1363 (0.1 mg.kg-1), 30 minutes before surgery. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1875 (2.5 mg.kg-1) or @entity4671 (0.3 mg.kg-1) preceded by @entity680 (50 microg.kg-1) and followed by @entity2898 (0.6 mg.kg-1). @entity1 were ventilated under mask with 100% @entity26 until achieving a decrease of 75% or more in the adductor pollicis muscle response amplitude. Neuromuscular function was monitored by accelerometry. The following parameters were evaluated: @entity2898 onset (T1 <= 25%); time for complete @entity4094 ; @entity4094 degree at tracheal intubation; tracheal intubation conditions and hemodynamic effects. RESULTS: Complete @entity2898 -induced @entity4094 onset times (in seconds) were: Group I (48.20 +/- 10.85 s and 58.87 +/- 10.73 s) and Group II (51.20 +/- 13.80 s and 64.27 +/- 18.55 s). @entity4094 degree at tracheal intubation was: Group I (77.50%) and Group II (76.96%). Tracheal intubation conditions were satisfactory in 100% of Group I @entity1 and in 83.33% of Group II @entity1 . There has been a significant decrease in mean blood pressure, followed by an increase after hypnotic injection, in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1875 and @entity4671 had a similar behavior regarding time for @entity2898 -induced @entity4094 and tracheal intubation conditions.

title: [Influence of @entity1875 and @entity4671 on XXXX -induced euromuscular block: evaluation with acceleromyography.].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular block', 'neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['rocuronium']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3003 has demonstrated significantly poorer response rates in non-seminomatous germ cell @entity5 . A phase II study of higher than standard doses of @entity3003 was conducted because of suspicion that the poorer response might have been due to suboptimal dosing. @entity1 AND METHODS: A group of 19 @entity1 with advanced germ cell @entity5 (International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group intermediate and poor prognosis) were treated with @entity3003 at an AUC of 8 mg/ml.min (using Calvert's formula) on day 1, etoposide 120 mg/m2 days 1-3 and @entity1732 60,000 U over 2 days (EBCa). Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks and a maximum of four courses was given. RESULTS: Of the 19 @entity1 , 7 (37%) achieved complete remission, of whom 6 (32%) remained long-term progression-free. Post-chemotherapy surgery and further chemotherapy salvaged an additional 26%, leading to an overall disease-free survival rate of 58%. No relationship between outcome and degree of myelosuppression could be established. CONCLUSION: Dose-escalated @entity3003 in combination, although feasible, did not improve the results and led to poorer results than those expected with @entity900 -based therapy. There is no evidence that the @entity1 relapsing following this were easier to salvage. Further investigation of this regimen cannot be recommended.

title: @entity3003 AUC8 in combination with etoposide and XXXX in the treatment of intermediate and poor-risk metastatic germ cell @entity5 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytokines and cytokine receptors are involved in the systemic and local inflammatory response in @entity1 with @entity293 . METHODS: We examined urine and serum concentrations of soluble @entity650 receptor (sIL-6R), @entity688 and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) in 29 @entity1 with acute @entity2885 caused by @entity526 2 weeks after the infection, during the subsequent episode of @entity2335 or asymptomatic @entity793 and also later when the same @entity1 were free from @entity793 . Concentrations of sIL-6R, @entity688 and @entity1261 were related to the expression of five virulence markers of @entity526 and to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after @entity2885 . RESULTS: On admission because of acute @entity2885 the serum concentration of sIL-6R was similar to that of 12 healthy controls. Two weeks after the infection when all @entity1 had received antibiotic treatment, the serum concentration of sIL-6R was significantly higher compared to that on admission (p < 0.001) and also higher compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001). @entity1 with increased concentrations of sIL-6R in serum 2 weeks after infection had significantly lower GFR at follow-up (p < 0.05). @entity1 with acute @entity2885 had higher concentrations of @entity1261 and @entity688 in serum compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001 and p = 0.06, respectively). @entity1261 in serum was higher in @entity1 infected by @entity526 producing @entity137 necrotizing factor (p < 0.05). @entity1 infected by strains producing hemolysin had lower concentrations of sIL-6R (p < 0.001). @entity1 with detectable levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity688 in serum had significantly higher concentrations of @entity650 and the soluble @entity5 necrosis factor receptors I and II in serum as compared to @entity1 in whom @entity688 was not detectable (p < 0.001, p = 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively. CONCLUSION: These investigations, together with our previous findings summarized in this paper, contribute to an increased understanding of the local and systemic inflammatory response arising in response to acute @entity2885 .

title: Soluble interleukin-6 receptor, XXXX and @entity1261 in acute @entity2885 : relationship to markers of bacterial virulence and renal function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['interleukin-10']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) is a serious life event that can change @entity1 's psychological profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and mental health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in @entity1 after @entity1468 and the impact of contributing factors. METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1 who had suffered from @entity1468 answered the Short-Form-12 Health Survey on general state of health. Comparison was made with the reference values and among the study cohorts, namely mild (14.7  %), severe (74.7  %) and superimposed @entity1468 (10.5  %). Medical parameters were evaluated as additional factors, and age served as covariate. RESULTS: Quality of mental life was significantly worse in all @entity1 (p  <  0.01), especially in those after severe @entity1468 (p  <  0.01) compared to the reference range. These @entity1 demonstrated significantly worse results than those affected by the mild form (p  =  0.03). @entity1 who had had superimposed @entity1468 were neither physically nor mentally impaired compared to the standard population values (p  =  0.94 and p  =  0.90, respectively). After controlling for medical parameters and age, differences remained statistically significant. Multiparous @entity1 scored significantly worse on the mental scale than primiparous (p  =  0.02), and pregnant @entity1 scored significantly worse than non-pregnant @entity1 on the physical level (p  =  0.04). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that @entity1 who have suffered from severe @entity1468 are substantially reduced in their mental quality of life. An extensive medical care including HR-QoL parameters might improve pregnancy outcome.

title: The impact of severe XXXX on maternal quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Preeclampsia', 'PE']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the geometric accuracy of beam targeting in external surrogate-based gated @entity34 ( @entity34 ) using kilovoltage (kV) x-ray images acquired during dose delivery. METHODS: Gated @entity34 treatments were delivered using a Varian TrueBeam STx Linac for both physical phantoms and @entity1 . Multiple gold fiducial markers were implanted near the target. The reference position was created for each implanted marker, representing its correct position at the gating threshold. The gating signal was generated from the RPM system. During the treatment, kV images were acquired immediately before MV beam-on at every breathing cycle, using the on-board imaging system. All implanted markers were detected and their 3D positions were estimated using in-house developed software. The positioning error of a marker is defined as the distance of the marker from its reference position for each frame of the images. The overall error of the system is defined as the average over all markers. For the phantom study, both sinusoidal motion (1D and 3D) and real @entity1 respiratory motion was simulated for the target and surrogate. In the baseline case, the two motions were synchronized for the first treatment fraction. To assess the effects of surrogate-target correlation on the geometric accuracy, a phase shift of 5% and 10% between the two motions was introduced. For the @entity1 study, intrafraction kV images of five stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) @entity1 were acquired for one or two fractions. RESULTS: For the phantom study, a high geometric accuracy was achieved in the baseline case (average error: 0.8 mm in the superior-inferior or SI direction). However, the treatment delivery is prone to geometric errors if changes in the target-surrogate relation occur during the treatment: the average error was increased to 2.3 and 4.7 mm for the phase shift of 5% and 10%, respectively. Results obtained with real @entity1 respiratory curves show a similar trend. For a target with 3D motion, the technique is able to detect geometric errors in the left-right (LR) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions. For the @entity1 study, the average intrafraction positioning errors are 0.8, 0.9, and 1.4 mm and 95th percentile errors are 1.7, 2.1, and 2.7 mm in the LR, AP, and SI directions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation between external surrogate and internal target motion is crucial to ensure the geometric accuracy of surrogate-based gating. Real-time guidance based on kV x-ray images overcomes the potential issues in surrogate-based gating and can achieve accurate beam targeting in gated @entity34 .

title: Evaluation of the geometric accuracy of surrogate-based gated XXXX using intrafraction kilovoltage x-ray images.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['VMAT', 'volumetric modulated arc therapy']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['VMAT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of Niaspan (Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Hollywood, FL), a new controlled-release formulation of @entity1670 , in the treatment of primary @entity407 , the occurrence and severity of @entity1671 events, and potential adverse effects, particularly hepatotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was conducted as a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel comparison of Niaspan in doses of 1000 mg/day and 2000 mg/day, administered once a day at bedtime. One hundred twenty-two @entity1 with low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels >4.14 mM/L (160 mg/dL) with dietary intervention and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 </=1.81 mM/L (70 mg/dL) were randomized to one of three treatment groups: placebo, and 1000 mg/day or 2000 mg/day of Niaspan. Safety and efficacy measures included 12-hour serum fasting lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, serum analyte levels for major organ function, @entity1671 diaries, and adverse event records. The placebo group demonstrated no significant changes in serum lipoprotein concentrations over the treatment period of 12 weeks, except for a slight 4% increase in high-density lipoprotein @entity165 . Niaspan significantly lowered low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels by 6% and 14% for the 1000 mg/day and 2000 mg/day doses, respectively. High-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels rose significantly, with a 17% increase occurring at the 1000 mg/day dose and a 23% increase occurring at the 2000 mg/day doses, respectively. High-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels rose significantly, with a 17% increase occurring at the 1000 mg/day dose and a 23% increase occurring at the 2000 mg/day dose. Niaspan (2000 mg/day) produced significant decreases of 27% and 29%, respectively, for serum lipoprotein(a) and @entity412 concentration. Although the incidence of @entity1671 was significant, these episodes were generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Niaspan administered in doses of 1000 mg/day and 2000 mg/day at bedtime were well tolerated with few side effects and produced favorable effects on the major circulating lipoproteins of @entity1 with @entity2299 as specified by the enrollment criteria.

title: Treatment Effect of Niaspan, a Controlled-release @entity1670 , in XXXX With Hypercholesterolemia: A Placebo-controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['primary dyslipidemias']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity12628 is a symptom complex of severe @entity158 and pressure in the anorectal area. Electrogalvanic stimulation (EGS) has been proposed as a treatment for this condition. Several reports have described EGS as up to 90 percent "effective" in treating @entity12628 , but the length of follow-up was uncertain or short-term in these studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term benefits of EGS in @entity12628 @entity1 treated at one institution. All @entity1 undergoing EGS for @entity12628 between 1985 and 1991 were studied. Initial complaints, physical examination, number of treatments, procedure tolerance, and long-term benefit were determined through personal interviews and chart reviews. There were 52 @entity1 (63 percent females and 37 percent males) with a median age of 54 years (range, 24-84 years). All @entity1 presented with @entity158 . Tenderness was localized by examination to the left in 43 percent, to the right in 23 percent, and bilateral in 8.6 percent and was not localized in 2.6 percent. Fifty percent received fewer than four one-hour treatments, 33 percent received four to six treatments, and 17 percent received more than six treatments. Seventy-seven percent felt that the treatment was painless. Follow-up results were as follow: number, 52; percent follow-up, 88; mean follow-up, 28 months (range, 0-71 months); symptoms relieved, 19 percent; partial relief, 24 percent; no relief, 57 percent. Of four @entity1 with a wrong diagnosis, three were ultimately diagnosed with recurrent @entity5 and one had an anal fissure. At our institution, EGS was a tolerable treatment, but a substantial number of @entity1 received no benefit. An organic etiology of @entity158 must always be excluded.

title: Electrogalvanic stimulation for XXXX : how effective is it in the long-term?

entities_list: @entity12628 :: ('MESH:C535890', 'Disease') :: ['Levator syndrome', 'levator syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'anorectal pain']

answer: @entity12628 :: (MESH:C535890,Disease) :: ['levator syndrome']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of @entity854 in a cohort of @entity3918 type 1 ( @entity6045 ) @entity1 and to correlate them with motor function. We reviewed the pathophysiology of @entity231 and @entity2790 (IOP). Method @entity1 were included after clinical and laboratory diagnosis and after signed informed consent. They were evaluated by Motor Function Measure scale, Portuguese version (MFM-P) and ophthalmic protocol. Results We evaluated 42 @entity1 aged 17 to 64 years (mean 40.7    12.5), 22 of which were @entity1 . IOP (n = 41) was reduced in all but one. We found @entity231 or positivity for surgery in 38 (90.48%) and @entity1736 in 23 (54.76%). These signs but not IOP were significantly correlated with severity of @entity66 . @entity1319 and stereopsis were observed. Conclusion @entity231 and @entity1736 are frequent in @entity6045 and associated to @entity66 . Reduced IOP is also common, but appears not to be related with @entity73 .

title: XXXX type 1: frequency of ophthalmologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['low intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities in ocular motility']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['Myotonic dystrophy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1239 , the major component among the 4000 identified chemicals in cigarette smoke, binds to nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) on @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cells and regulates cellular proliferation by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases [AQ: MAPK has been expanded to mitogen-activated protein kinases. Please approve.]and @entity10412 /Akt pathways. In @entity1 with smoking-related @entity2 who continue smoking, the anticancer effect of epidermal growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor ( @entity470 -TKI) is weaker than that in nonsmokers; however, the precise reason for this difference remains unclear. We investigated the role of a1 @entity6786 subunit in this phenomenon. METHODS: We screened for a1 @entity6786 mRNA in three @entity1149 cell lines and analyzed the protein in resected primary @entity1149 tissues. We used Western blot and RNA interference (siRNA) methodology to confirm the results. RESULTS: We determined that a1 @entity6786 plays an essential role in @entity1239 -induced cell signaling and @entity1239 -induced resistance to @entity470 -TKI. In addition, we showed that silencing of a1 @entity6786 subunit in @entity1149 may suppress the @entity1239 -induced resistance to @entity470 -TKI. CONCLUSIONS: These results further implicate @entity1239 in @entity105 , and suggest that a1 @entity6786 may be a biomarker for @entity470 -TKI treatment and also a personalizing target molecule for @entity1 with smoking-related @entity2 .

title: @entity1239 induces resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor by a1 nicotinic XXXX receptor-mediated activation in PC9 cells.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the clinical, imaging, and pathologic findings of mammary @entity5426 in 24 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study and waived informed consent. Twenty-four @entity1 with records in the surgical pathology database who had a diagnosis of mammary @entity5426 (n = 26) and who underwent preoperative imaging with mammography, ultrasonography (US), or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were included. Mean and median ages at time of diagnosis were 40 and 38 years, respectively (range, 15-77 years). Images were reviewed in consensus by two radiologists with the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon and were compared with pathologic findings. Total length of follow-up (in months) was determined by the interval from the time of diagnosis to the time of last follow-up. Information on overall and disease-free survival was also obtained. RESULTS: Mean @entity5 size at time of diagnosis was 5.9 cm (range, 1-12 cm). Nineteen @entity5 manifested as a palpable mass, four manifested with progressive @entity0 , and three were asymptomatic. Mammograms of 16 @entity5 showed a noncalcified mass in eight, focal asymmetry in five, and no abnormality in three. All three mammographically occult @entity5 were visible at US and MR imaging. US images of 21 @entity5 showed a solid, frequently oval-shaped, and hyperechoic mass in 13 @entity5 and random mixed @entity2915 with associated @entity5 . Dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging of nine @entity5 showed large, lobular, and intensely and heterogeneously enhancing masses with rapid enhancement and the washout characteristics of a @entity5 . CONCLUSION: A mass that shows homogeneous or heterogeneous hyperechogenicity at US (with associated architectural distortion) and has a hypervascular, @entity548 , and heterogeneous appearance and typical malignant enhancement characteristics at MR imaging should alert the radiologist to a possible diagnosis of @entity5426 .

title: @entity5426 : imaging findings in 24 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast swelling']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'tumor', 'architectural distortion in eight tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper- and hypoechogenicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The genetic mechanisms of @entity2858 ) resistance to @entity20706 (ddI) in vivo have been described based on data from primary @entity2858 isolates. To better define the spectrum of @entity2858 @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) changes occurring during ddI therapy, we determined the genotype and ddI susceptibility of the @entity16757 gene of @entity645 RNA isolated from the plasma of 23 @entity1 who had received 1 to 2 years (mean, 87 +/- 16 weeks) of ddI monotherapy. Population-based sequencing of plasma virus showed that 12 of 23 (52%) @entity1 developed known ddI resistance mutations: @entity25923 (7 @entity1 ), @entity22207 (2 @entity1 ), @entity25923 with @entity19899 (3 @entity1 ), and @entity25923 with @entity22207 (1 @entity1 ). Five @entity1 developed one or more known @entity9611 resistance mutations (at codons 41, 67, 70, 215, and/or 219) during the study. Other @entity535 substitutions were found, but only @entity44829 and @entity44830 occurred in more than one @entity1 . Studies of sensitivity to ddI were performed on population-based recombinant-virus stocks generated by homologous recombination between a plasmid containing an HXB2 clone with the @entity16757 gene deleted and @entity16757 -PCR products of the @entity16757 genes from @entity1 ' plasma RNA. The sequences of the virus stocks produced by this procedure were typically identical to the sequence of the input PCR product from plasma RNA. Both an MT-2 cell-based culture assay and a cell-free virion-associated @entity16757 inhibition assay showed that viruses possessing an @entity25923 and/or @entity19899 mutation or a @entity22207 mutation had reduced sensitivity to ddI. Viruses without these specific mutations had no change in sensitivity to ddI. The results presented here show that the spectrum of @entity16757 mutations in a population of @entity1 on ddI monotherapy is more complex than previously described. The development of multiple mutational patterns, including those that confer resistance to other @entity2353 analogs, highlights the complexity of using the currently available @entity2353 analogs for antiretroviral therapy.

title: @entity2858 XXXX genotype and drug susceptibility changes in infected individuals receiving @entity20706 monotherapy for 1 to 2 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1', 'HIV-1']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity22207 :: ('p|SUB|K|65|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K65R']

entities_list: @entity44829 :: ('p|SUB|S|68|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S68G']

entities_list: @entity25923 :: ('p|SUB|L|74|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L74V']

entities_list: @entity20706 :: ('MESH:D016049', 'Chemical') :: ['dideoxyinosine']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'reverse transcriptase']

answer: @entity16757 :: (MESH:D054038,Disease) :: ['reverse transcriptase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Internal drainage of giant @entity9007 secondary to acute @entity788 is frequently complicated with @entity86 and @entity548 . Recent data suggest that the risk factor is unrecognized @entity39 ; presumably, @entity39 becomes infected with bacteria introduced by the cystoenteric @entity254 . HYPOTHESIS: Video-assisted pancreatic necrosectomy, performed at the time of internal drainage, may prevent @entity260 in @entity1 with giant @entity697 . DESIGN: A consecutive case-series. SETTING: An urban, university-affiliated, tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Ten consecutive @entity1 with @entity697 measuring 10 cm or more in major diameter. The mean extent of @entity39 , as shown by contrast-enhanced computed tomography, was 50%. All @entity1 were operated on electively, at an average time of 7.7 weeks from onset of the attack to surgical treatment. INTERVENTION: Through a midline incision, a 4-cm opening is made at the base of the pseudocyst. Standard laparoscopic instruments are introduced into the pseudocyst and video-assisted pancreatic necrosectomy is performed. The opening is then anastomosed to a Roux-en-Y limb of the jejunum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Feasibility and safety of video-assisted pancreatic necrosectomy, postoperative morbidity and mortality, hospital stay, and resolution of @entity9007 . RESULTS: Complete necrosectomy was safely performed throughout. There were neither @entity260 nor mortality. Mean hospital stay was 8.2 days and all @entity9007 resolved at a mean follow-up of 6.9 months. CONCLUSIONS: Video-assisted pancreatic necrosectomy at the time of internal drainage seems to prevent @entity260 in @entity1 with giant @entity697 . Depending on appropriate surgical timing, video-assisted necrosectomy is a feasible and safe procedure.

title: Internal drainage of giant XXXX : the role of video-assisted pancreatic necrosectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative retroperitoneal complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative retroperitoneal infection']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute pseudocysts']


abstract: The strain of @entity7467 virus (NDV(pi)) present in persistently infected L cells differed markedly from the Herts strain (NDV(0)) used to initiate the @entity281 . NDV(pi) produced small plaques (less than 1 mm) in @entity1573 embryo cell cultures, whereas the wild type (NDV(0)) produced large plaques (2 to 3 mm). The two viruses differed in a number of additional properties. Whereas 80% of adsorbed NDV(0) eluted from @entity1573 red blood cells at 37 C, only about 20% of NDV(pi) was recovered under similar conditions. There was no significant difference in the neuraminidase content of the two viruses. The infectivity of NDV(0) was stable for 1 hr at 48 C, whereas 99.9% of the infectivity of NDV(pi) was destroyed. The two viruses also differed in lethality for @entity1573 embryos; NDV(pi) had significantly reduced lethality for 9-day-old @entity1573 embryos when compared to NDV(0). In contrast to NDV(0), which produced an @entity281 in L cells, NDV(pi) not only replicated effectively and destroyed these cells, but also induced significantly higher quantities of interferon than did NDV(0). These data furnished additional evidence for the lack of relationship of interferon production to @entity281 of L cells with NDV(0). In contrast, interferon was found to play a significant role in the maintenance of persistent @entity281 .

title: Cells persistently infected with XXXX virus: I. Properties of mutants isolated from persistently infected L cells.

entities_list: @entity7467 :: ('MESH:D009521', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'abortive infection']

answer: @entity7467 :: (MESH:D009521,Disease) :: ['newcastle disease']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the level of salt intake on endothelium-derived factors in a group of @entity1 with essential @entity101 . A group of 50 @entity1 with essential @entity101 who had never been treated for the condition were placed on a low- @entity1372 (50 mmol/day), low- @entity1507 (400 micromol/day) diet, which was supplemented, in a single-blind fashion, with placebo tablets for the first 7 days and then with @entity1219 tablets (200 mmol/day) for a further 7 days (total @entity1372 intake 250 mmol/day). At the end of both periods, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed. In addition, plasma levels and 24-h urinary excretion of @entity2648 plus @entity3362 and @entity6708 were measured, along with plasma levels of endothelin. A high salt intake promoted significant decreases in plasma levels of @entity2648 plus @entity3362 (from 41.0+/-2.1 to 32.8+/-1.8 nmol/ml; P<0.001), 24-h urinary @entity1507 excretion (from 417+/-36 to 334+/-37 micromol/24 h; P=0.045) and plasma endothelin levels (from 5.6+/-0.3 to 4.6+/-0.3 pg/ml; P=0.007). The plasma concentration and 24-h urinary excretion of @entity6708 were not altered significantly by a high salt intake. We did not find any relationship between endothelium-derived products and 24-h mean blood pressure, at either low or high salt intakes, or between changes induced by the high-salt diet. A high salt intake also induced significant decreases in plasma @entity916 activity, @entity2178 and @entity1369 , and a significant increase in atrial natriuretic peptide. We conclude that a high salt intake decreases the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of @entity3362 and plasma levels of endothelin in @entity1 with essential @entity101 , suggesting that the level of salt intake may affect endothelial cell function. However, these alterations are not correlated with changes in blood pressure induced by the high salt intake.

title: Effect of salt intake on endothelium-derived factors in a group of XXXX with essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2648 :: ('MESH:D009573', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrites']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to determine the effect of disease and combination chemotherapy on the hemostatic system in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity981 . Plasma samples were obtained at four time points: at diagnosis before therapy, 5 days after administration of @entity4445 alone, after the remission induction program, and at completion of the consolidation phase. Plasma levels of 21 hemostatic proteins were measured. The amount of @entity556 generated following activation with an APTT reagent was quantitated. RESULTS: At diagnosis there were significant elevations in factors @entity797 , IX, @entity2880 , @entity5843 and protein S. In contrast, there were significant reductions in protein C, prekallikrein, and factors XIIIA and XIIIS. @entity4445 treatment alone decreased concentrations of 11 proteins, with antithrombin III being affected to the greatest extent. After multiagent chemotherapy, not including @entity4445 , concentrations of most proteins increased to or above baseline. At completion of consolidation therapy, which included weekly @entity4445 administration, concentrations of most proteins were decreased compared with baseline values. The amount of @entity556 generated following activation with an APTT reagent was similar to adults. CONCLUSION: Plasma concentrations of coagulation proteins are affected by disease ( @entity981 ) alone and by combination chemotherapy with or without @entity4445 . There is no impairment of in vitro capacity to generate @entity556 . @entity4445 alone caused a decrease in almost all proteins; however, @entity5582 was affected to the greatest extent.

title: Effect of disease and chemotherapy on hemostasis in XXXX with @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Inflammatory @entity6437 (IPM) are very rare @entity5 characterized by unpredictable clinical behaviour. They arise in soft tissues of almost every organ and the most common site is the lung. Over 200 cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic @entity6437 of the lung have been described in literature. Intra-abdominal IMP are very rare. We describe a case of intra-abdominal IMP in a @entity1 of 15 years old who presented symptoms and signs of @entity697 . Exploratory laparotomy revealed a mass in the peritoneal cavity. The mass was removed. The histologic examination showed that it was an IMP. Surgical treatment was the only therapy. Six months after the surgical operation the @entity1 has no sign of illness.

title: Intra-abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor', 'myofibroblastic pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['pseudotumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spirometry is used to physiologically assess @entity1 with central @entity1224 (CAO) before and after interventional bronchoscopy, but is not always feasible in these @entity1 , does not localize the anatomic site of obstruction, and may not correlate with the @entity1 's functional impairment. Impulse oscillometry may overcome these limitations. We assessed the correlations between impulse oscillometry measurements, symptoms, and type of airway narrowing, before and after interventional bronchoscopy, and whether impulse oscillometry parameters can discriminate between fixed and dynamic CAO. METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 with CAO underwent spirometry, impulse oscillometry, computed tomography, @entity1353 assessment, and bronchoscopy, before and after interventional bronchoscopy. The collapsibility index (the percent difference in airway lumen diameter during expiration versus during inspiration) was calculated using morphometric bronchoscopic images during quiet breathing. Variable CAO was defined as a collapsibility index of > 50%. Fixed CAO was defined as a collapsibility index of < 50%. The degree of obstruction was analyzed with computed tomography measurements. RESULTS: After interventional bronchoscopy, all impulse oscillometry measurements significantly improved, especially resistance at 5 Hz, which decreased from 0.67    0.29kPa/L/s to 0.38    0.17kPa/L/s (P < .001), and reactance at 20 Hz, which increased from -0.09    0.11 to 0.03    0.08 (P < .001). Changes in @entity1353 score correlated with resistance at 5 Hz, the difference between the resistance at 5 Hz and the resistance at 20 Hz, and the reactance at 5 Hz, but not with spirometry measurements. The type of obstruction also correlated with @entity1353 score, and showed distinct impulse oscillometry measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Impulse oscillometry measurements correlate with symptom improvements after interventional bronchoscopy. Impulse oscillometry might be useful to discriminate variable from fixed central @entity1224 . (University Hospital Medical Information Network, http://www.umin.ac.jp/english, ID000005322).

title: Assessment of central XXXX using impulse oscillometry before and after interventional bronchoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction']


abstract: Twenty-four @entity1 with a variety of @entity5 (13 @entity706 , 4 @entity1582 , 1 @entity981 , 6 solid @entity5 ) were treated with the alkylating agents @entity1863 and melphalan as a preparative regimen for autologous BMT. Thirteen males and 11 females, aged 27-53 years (median 39.5 years) received oral @entity1863 1 mg/kg q6 h on days -6 to -3, followed by i.v. melphalan 140 mg/m2 on day -2 and infusion of cryopreserved haemopoietic cells on day 0. The major @entity137 seen was gastrointestinal with @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity294 in 17 @entity1 and severe @entity33 in 22. There was no evidence of @entity1370 , nephrotoxicity, @entity548 or clinical signs of @entity5501 . Twenty-three @entity1 engrafted with the median duration of @entity1398 (< 0.05 x 10(9)/l) 10 days (range 5-63 days) and @entity882 (< 50 x 10(9)/l) 43 days (range 5-350 days). Three @entity1 died of transplant-related complications. Of 15 evaluable @entity1 with active disease at BMT, 9 responded and 6 were refractory. Sixteen evaluable @entity1 were in CR after BMT. Seven relapsed, 1 died in remission and 8 remain in CR 12-46 months (median 29 months) later. Of the group of 13 @entity706 , overall and relapse-free actuarial survival at 36 months was 64% and 58%, respectively, while for the entire group of 24 @entity1 these values were 39% and 34%. @entity1863 and melphalan is a safe and inexpensive conditioning regimen for autologous BMT with acceptable @entity137 and substantial antitumour activity particularly against @entity706 .

title: XXXX and melphalan prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulphan', 'Busulphan']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['Busulphan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the time required and failure rate for completion of nuchal translucency thickness (NT) measurements with increased maternal body mass index (BMI). METHODS: This was a retrospective review of ultrasound examinations for NT measurement in 11-14-week singleton pregnancies performed at a single site from 2004 to 2007. @entity1 were stratified by prepregnancy BMI into normal weight (BMI, 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2)) and @entity28 Class I (BMI, 30.0-34.9 kg/m(2)), Class II (BMI, 35.0-39.9 kg/m(2)) and Class III (BMI >or= 40.0 kg/m(2)) groups. The failure rate, the time required for measurement, and the total study time in min were evaluated by BMI class for the first attempt and for all attempts at NT measurement. RESULTS: A total of 2508 @entity1 underwent attempted NT screening with complete data available on 1678 @entity1 (1707 examinations). The failure rate for NT screening varied significantly according to BMI (P < 0.001). At the first attempt, the median time for NT measurement varied significantly according to BMI (normal weight group, 9.7 (interquartile range (IQR) 4.4, 19.0) min; overweight group, 8.8 (4.0, 19.8) min; @entity28 Class I, 9.6 (4.8, 20.4) min; Class II, 14.1 (5.0, 28.2) min; Class III, 12.3 (4.6, 22.7) min; P < 0.01), as did the total study time (normal group, 16.4 (10.1, 26.6) min; overweight group, 15.7 (9.8, 25.0) min, Class I, 17.3 (10.3, 29.2) min; Class II, 23.0 (12.2, 36.1) min; Class III, 18.7 (11.0, 30.8) min; P = 0.002). For all attempts also, the median time for NT measurement varied significantly according to BMI (normal weight group, 9.7 (IQR 4.4, 19.0) min; overweight group, 8.8 (4.0, 19.9) min; @entity28 Class I, 9.6 (4.8, 21.0) min; Class II, 14.1 (5.0, 28.7) min; Class III, 12.3 (4.6, 22.5) min; P < 0.01), as did the total study time (normal weight group, 16.4 (10.2, 26.7) min; overweight group, 15.7 (9.8, 25.1) min; Class I, 17.6 (10.4, 29.9) min; Class II, 23.2 (12.0, 37.5) min; Class III, 18.7 (11.9, 31.9) min; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: As maternal BMI increases, the time required to obtain NT measurements and the failure rate increase. Before the ultrasound examination, @entity1 with a BMI over 30 should be counseled regarding the need for additional time and failure rates for first-trimester screening.

title: Fetal nuchal translucency thickness evaluation in the overweight and XXXX gravida.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'women']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ) can be a promising source of @entity726 monitoring and diagnosis. This study evaluated changes in @entity2840 according to experimental adjustment of intraocular pressure (IOP) in @entity235 eyes. To adjust and measure IOP, each eye was cannulated with two 26-gauge needles under inhalant anesthesia. One needle was connected to a pressure transducer, and the other was connected to an adjustable bag of physiologic saline. IOP was stepwise increased from 10 mmHg to 70 mmHg in 10 mmHg increments (Group T). IOP was maintained at 15 mmHg (Group C15), 30 mmHg (Group C30), 45 mmHg (Group C45), 60 mmHg (Group C60) and 75 mmHg (Group C75) during the experiment. @entity2840 was measured with an ultrasonic pachymeter every 10 min after cannulation. There was a significant difference in the effect of time on @entity2840 (P<0.001) and difference in @entity2840 (dCCT; P<0.001) between groups. The @entity2840 of group C15 remained constant during the experiment. However, group T showed an initial decrease and then an increase after passing the lowest point. Group C30 showed decreasing values for 30 min, after which the values remained constant. The values in Group C45 showed no changes for 40 min and then increased. The values in group C60 showed no change for 20 min and then increased. Group C75 showed a steady increase. In conclusion, the @entity2840 showed two core changes according to increased IOP. This study provides essential basic data to enable further investigation into the association of IOP and @entity2840 in @entity235 .

title: Acute changes in central corneal thickness according to experimental adjustment of intraocular pressure in normal XXXX eyes.

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['Central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze three ureteral stenting techniques in @entity1 with @entity1695 , considering the indications, techniques, procedural costs, and complications. In the period between June 2003 and June 2006, 45 @entity1 with bilateral @entity1695 were evaluated (24 males, 21 females; average age, 68.3; range, 42-87). All of the @entity1 were treated with ureteral stenting: 30 (mild strictures) with direct stenting (insertion of the stent without predilation), 30 (moderate/severe strictures) with primary stenting (insertion of the stent after predilation in a one-stage procedure), and 30 (mild/moderate/severe strictures with @entity281 ) with secondary stenting (insertion of the stent after predilation and 2-3 days after nephrostomy). The incidence of complications and procedural costs were compared by a statistical analysis. The primary technical success rate was 98.89%. We did not observe any major complications. The minor complication rate was 11.1%. The incidence of complications for the various techniques was not statistically significantly. The statistical analysis of costs demonstrated that the average cost of secondary stenting (637 @entity7634 ; SD, 115 @entity7634 ) was significantly higher than that of procedures which involved direct or primary stenting (560 @entity7634 ; SD, 108 @entity7634 ). We conclude that one-step stenting (direct or primary) is a valid option to secondary stenting in correctly selected @entity1 , owing to the fact that when the procedure is performed by expert interventional radiologists there are high technical success rates, low complication rates, and a reduction in costs.

title: Direct primary or secondary percutaneous ureteral stenting: what is the most compliant option in @entity1 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ureteral obstructions']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['malignant ureteral obstructions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of two electron beam tomography protocols for detection and quantification of coronary artery @entity460 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We selected 101 @entity1 (57% @entity1 , mean age 53 +/- 10 years) to undergo two consecutive electron beam tomography and acquired imaging with both a 6-mm and a 3-mm slicing protocol. Three pixels (area, 1.03 mm(2)) and a minimal density of 130 H were used for definition of calcified plaque. RESULTS: We found coronary artery calcifications in 46 @entity1 when we used a 6-mm protocol and in 61 @entity1 when we used a 3-mm protocol (p < 0.001). The average total @entity460 score was 77 (+/-140) with a 6-mm protocol and 251 (+/-395) with a 3-mm protocol (p < 0.005). The average number of @entity75 per @entity1 was 1.7 for a 6-mm protocol and 3.7 for a 3-mm protocol (p < 0.01). Of 179 individual lesions seen using a 3-mm protocol, 103 (58%) were missed using a 6-mm protocol, and only 27% of the lesions with a @entity460 score less than or equal to 40 seen with a 3-mm protocol were detected with 6-mm slicing (p < 0.001). The mean lesion attenuation with a 6-mm protocol was 160 (+/-42) H, compared with 218 (+/-44) H with a 3-mm protocol (p < 0.001), indicating a significantly greater partial volume averaging with the former protocol. CONCLUSION: A 6-mm slicing protocol is significantly less sensitive than a 3-mm protocol for the detection and quantification of coronary artery @entity460 . Since one third of coronary events occur in @entity1 with low @entity460 scores, a 6-mm protocol might be unreliable for risk assessment because of substantial loss of information in this @entity460 score range.

title: Sensitivity of two electron beam tomography protocols for the detection and quantification of coronary artery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calcified lesions']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The goal of the present study was to compare the efficacy of nebulized vs powdered @entity3045 in @entity1 with exacerbated @entity565 who required hospitalization. From January to May 1990 known asthmatics admitted with acute exacerbation were included by established criteria. Two groups were randomized. Group I for @entity3045 powder 200 micrograms inhaled q 4 hours. Group II with @entity3045 nebulized solution 2.5 mg inhaled q 4 hrs. Force Vital Capacity and Force Expiratory Volume in one second were measured with a pressure differential transducer upon admission, 30 minutes and 24-hours following therapies. Absolute FEV1 improvement was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using student's T-Test and Fisher's exact Test with significance established at p > 0.01%. Fifteen @entity1 enrolled in both groups, two @entity1 of group I were excluded from the statistic analysis due to refusal to continue with the therapy. Both groups were comparable with respect to sex, @entity565 exacerbations/year, smoking history and hospital length of stay. FVC and FEV1 were comparable also. In contrast, there were significant difference when the absolute improvement were compared. The mean +/- SE for FEV1 absolute improvement at the first 30 min was 0.42 +/- 0.08 lts for the Group I versus 0.65 +/- 0.6 lts in the Group II. In the next 24 hours, Group I was 0.16 +/- 0.2 lts versus 0.30 +/- 0.7 lts in Group II (p > .01). We conclude that although the dose equivalence of both delivery systems have not been established in our study, the nebulized solution was more effective during the first 24 hours of hospitalization than the dry powder.

title: A comparison of @entity3045 solution nebulized versus XXXX powder given by breath activated metered dose inhaler.

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol', 'Albuterol']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['albuterol']