abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3622 are a rare variety of @entity2463 . Eight @entity1 with this anomaly among 420 @entity1 with @entity2463 were treated in our center. We used a laparoscopic approach in 5 of the @entity1 . The aim of this study is to define the feasibility and technical details of laparoscopy in the treatment of these @entity1 as compared with those treated by posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) and to evaluate the preliminary results. METHODS: Three @entity1 were treated with a PSARP starting February 2000 (group 1 [GI]). The laparoscopic approach (laparoscopic treatment [LT]) was used in the next 5 @entity1 starting in November 2002 (group 2 [G2]). All @entity1 were operated on by the authors. In LT cases, we used 3 ports. The rectum was dissected laparoscopically, and the @entity292 was transected. An assisted anorectal pull-through was then performed using a minimal perineal incision. Clinical features, age at operation, associated anomalies, ratio/sacrum (sacral ratio [SR]), distal colostogram, operative findings, complications, urinary continence, @entity717 , @entity1142 , soiling, and requirements of bowel management program were analyzed. @entity1 older than 3 years and 6 months and with more than 3 months after colostomy closure were included in the analysis of functional results. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of operation was 21.8 months. @entity790 were seen in 6 (75%) of the 8 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had SRs less than 0.6. Only 3 @entity1 in each group were considered for evaluation of functional results. Mean age was 67 months in 3 (G1) and 64 months in 3 (G2) @entity1 . All 6 @entity1 were continent of urine. Only 1 in G1 had an SR less than 0.6. @entity717 were present in 1 @entity1 in @entity2818 in G2. One @entity1 in G1 had severe @entity1142 and grade 2 soiling requiring bowel management program (SR <0.6), and 1 @entity1 in G2 had occasional soiling. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy allowed an optimal view of the pelvis and helped to achieve a low dissection of the @entity292 . Although the number of @entity1 in this study is few, functional results with LT seem to be comparable to the open PSARP approach when done by experienced pediatric surgeons. The laparoscopic approach may be considered as an option for the treatment of this rare anomaly.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of XXXX . Feasibility, technical details, and functional results of a rare @entity2463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformations']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['Rectovaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary bowel movements', 'Voluntary bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['Urogenital anomalies']

answer: @entity3622 :: (MESH:D012006,Disease) :: ['rectovaginal fistulas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pulse oximetry as a technique for diagnosing pneumonic and nonpneumonic @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) in Peruvian @entity1 . DESIGN: @entity1 with @entity1729 were diagnosed with @entity519 by pulse oximetry, with @entity1729 by the World Health Organization (WHO) algorithm and clinical examination, and with @entity55 by radiographic examination. Diagnoses were compared using kappa analysis. SETTING: Pediatric emergency department. @entity1 : Peruvian pediatric @entity1 with @entity1729 (n = 269) and well @entity1 (n = 162). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity519 (arterial @entity26 saturation < 96.6% of the mean arterial @entity26 saturation of well @entity1 -2 SD). RESULTS: @entity1 with pneumonic and nonpneumonic @entity1729 (59%, 160/269) had a mean (+/- SD) arterial @entity26 saturation significantly lower than well @entity1 (93.8% +/- 3.5% vs 98.7% +/- 1.51%; P < .01). Pulse oximetry detected 88% and the WHO algorithm 90% of cases of pneumonic @entity1729 . The WHO algorithm and pulse oximetry detected 72% of radiologic @entity55 . Pulse oximetry misclassified notably fewer well @entity1 than did the WHO algorithm (4% vs 35%). Pulse oximetry and the WHO algorithm together (SATWHO) detected 99% and 87% of pneumonic @entity1729 and radiologic @entity55 , respectively, and both methods detected 94% of all cases of pneumonic and nonpneumonic @entity1729 diagnosed clinically. CONCLUSIONS: Pulse oximetry and the WHO algorithm are practical, helpful, and appropriate for use in developing countries to identify @entity1 with pneumonic and non-pneumonic @entity1729 who require treatment. The SATWHO is highly sensitive for detecting @entity1 with @entity1729 .

title: The role of pulse oximetry. Its use as an indicator of severe respiratory disease in Peruvian XXXX living at sea level. Respiratory Group in Peru.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia', 'Hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['ALRI', 'acute lower respiratory tract infection', 'acute respiratory infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) is a mood stabilizer for treating @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ). It may cause @entity209 in certain bipolar @entity1 . However, the genetic factors that influence the susceptibility remain unclear. Genetic polymorphism of the G-protein b3 subunit ( @entity14644 ) is reported to be associated with metabolic phenotypes. In the current study, we investigated the possible associations between the @entity14644 variation and @entity2052 -induced @entity209 . METHODS: Subjects (n = 96) who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition criteria for @entity162 were recruited from the National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Their metabolic indices were measured. RESULTS: The variation of @entity14644 @entity14643 showed an association with higher plasma total @entity165 (P = 0.037), @entity412 (P = 0.014), and leptin (P < 0.001) levels in @entity162 @entity1 treated with @entity2052 . After adjusting for age, sex, types of BDs, and serum concentration of @entity2052 , the variation of @entity14644 @entity14643 remained significantly associated with the levels of serum leptin and body mass index (BMI; P < 0.001 and P = 0.030, respectively). In addition, the @entity14644 @entity14643 showed significant drug-single-nucleotide polymorphism interactions with insulin levels (P = 0.033), @entity412 levels (P = 0.013), leptin levels (P = 0.013), and BMI (P = 0.018). These results indicated that the T allele may be associated with lower serum leptin levels and BMI in @entity162 @entity1 treated with @entity2052 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides evidence that @entity162 @entity1 who are T allele carriers of the @entity14644 @entity14643 polymorphism have a lower risk for @entity2052 -induced @entity209 . Further studies about the underlying mechanisms of G protein in @entity2052 -induced @entity209 are warranted.

title: @entity14643 polymorphism of the @entity14644 gene on XXXX -related @entity209 in @entity162 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproate']


abstract: The rate of whole body @entity844 synthesis was measured in immature (18- and 25-day-old) lean and @entity28 male Zucker @entity35 . The effect of stress and diurnal variation on the rate of @entity844 synthesis was also determined in 25-day-old animals. In addition, the intake of @entity844 from the diet was also determined. At 16 and 18 days the carcase of the @entity28 @entity35 contained significantly more lipid than its lean counterpart. In neither phenotype was there any significant lipid deposition from 18 to 23 days. Over the period 23 to 27 days the @entity28 @entity35 deposited approximately six times more lipid than its lean counterpart. Consistent with this finding is the observation that at 25 days the @entity28 @entity35 synthesized at least four to five times more @entity844 than its lean littermate. There was no phenotypic difference in the rate of @entity844 synthesis at 18 days. It is suggested that the young @entity28 @entity35 becomes @entity28 before weaning because of a reduced oxidation, and hence increased storage, of dietary @entity844 . After weaning, although this unusual partition persists, hyperlipogenesis is the main cause of the further development of @entity28 .

title: Whole body @entity844 synthesis and XXXX intake in young @entity35 of the Zucker strain (Fa/- and fa/fa).

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem, and the inappropriate overuse of antibiotics is the major cause. Among @entity1 seeking medical help, acute @entity1729 (ARTIs) are the most common tentative diagnosis made by physicians and the leading condition for which antibiotics are prescribed. This study aimed to examine the trends of prescribing antibiotics in pediatric ambulatory care in Taiwan over a 10-year period. METHODS: @entity1 younger than 18 years old and being diagnosed as having ARTIs [International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes 460, 465, and 466] during ambulatory visits from 2000 to 2009 were retrieved from the systematic random sampling datasets of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. The annual and monthly case numbers were recorded and the @entity1 's demographic characteristics, including sex, age, seasonality, location, level of medical institution, physician specialty, and their ambulatory prescriptions of antibiotics were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Among 565,065 enrolled ambulatory @entity1 , 39,324 were prescribed antibiotics. The average antibiotics prescription rate was 7.0% during the 10-year period. There were marked descending trends in case numbers and antibiotic dispensing rates from 2000 to 2009. Female @entity1 , elder ages (>= 6 years old), summer and autumn, middle and southern areas of Taiwan, medical centers and regional hospitals, and physicians of pediatric specialty were associated with significantly lower antibiotic dispensing rates than other conditions (p  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: The 10-year antibiotics prescription rate in ambulatory @entity1 with ARTIs was 7.0% and it decreased gradually from 2000 to 2009 in Taiwan. Through understanding the annual trends in antibiotic prescriptions, it may be possible to design interventions to improve the judicious use of antibiotics in @entity1 .

title: Recent trends in antibiotic prescriptions for acute XXXX in pediatric ambulatory care in Taiwan, 2000-2009: A nationwide population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. This study was set to assess the effect of @entity8 on outcome of @entity64 @entity1 treated with @entity5275 ( @entity5275 ). Methods. This multicenter research involved 403 @entity1 from January 2009 to March 2015. @entity1 were divided into two groups: (1) control group with GFR >=  45   mL/min/1.73   m(2) and (2) low GFR group with GFR < 45   mL/min/1.73   m(2). Outcome measurements were poor outcome (mRS 3-6) and mortality at 3 months and @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) within the first 24-36 hours. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed, and odds ratios (ORs) were determined at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. Univariate analyses determined that every decrease of GFR by 10   mL/min/1.73   m(2) significantly increased the risk of poor outcome (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.30, p < 0.001) and mortality (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06-1.32, p = 0.002). In multivariate regression, adjusted for all variables with p value < 0.1, low GFR (GFR < 45 versus GFR equal to or more than 45) was associated with poor outcome (OR adjusted 2.15, 95% CI 1.01-4.56, p = 0.045). Conclusion. In @entity5275 for @entity810 with GFR < 45   mL/min/1.73   m(2) before treatment determined increased odds for poor outcome compared to GFR of more than 45   mL/min/1.73   m(2).

title: Renal Dysfunction Is an Independent Risk Factor for Poor Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke XXXX Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis: A New Cutoff Value.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['IVT', 'intravenous thrombolysis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke, renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage', 'SICH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 is a common cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality in Caucasian populations, but it is widely believed that this complication is rare in Chinese. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study from January 1998 to December 2000. @entity1 with @entity1031 after gynecologic surgery were identified and their medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: During the study period, thirty-one @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity1031 after gynecologic surgery. Over the study period, the total number of operations was 6077, giving an incidence of 5.10/1000 operations. There were two cases of @entity1151 and the others had @entity1150 of which 90% were limited to @entity291 veins only. The incidences were significantly higher in 1999 and 2000 (7.59 and 6.85/1000 operations, respectively) than that in 1998 (1.7/1000 operations) (P = 0.015), after a case of @entity204 due to @entity1151 in early 1999. Most cases of @entity1031 were diagnosed after major surgery for @entity5 (n = 14) or benign conditions (n = 12). In the remaining cases, three had evacuation of the uterus for retained products of conception and two had laparoscopy for suspected @entity5849 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1031 is not uncommon among Chinese @entity1 after gynecologic surgery. The incidence is similar to that of the Caucasian population, although the sites of @entity432 were different. The long belief that @entity1031 is rare among Chinese is at least partly due to under-diagnosis.

title: XXXX in Chinese @entity1 after gynecologic surgery: incidence and disease pattern.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolic disease', 'thromboembolic disease', 'thromboembolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['maternal death']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Symptomatic venous thromboembolism']


abstract: Appropriate management and prognosis of @entity1 with @entity17539 depends on an accurate knowledge of the regional node status. The usefulness of clinical and radiologic examinations in detecting the nodal spread of the disease is limited by the high rates of false-positive and false-negative results. On the other hand, routine or prophylactic lymphadenectomy is associated with 30% to 50% of the major morbidity and 3% of the mortality rate, so that caution is advisable for its use in @entity1 with disease-free nodes. Even bilateral sentinel lymph node biopsy, as proposed by Cabanas, does not warrant an adequate selection of @entity1 candidates to surgical treatment. The role of aspiration biopsy cytology in the management of @entity17539 was evaluated in a study of 29 cases from the authors' institutions. Aspiration under fluoroscopic or computed tomographic guidance was performed using a 22-23-gauge Chiba needle. The accuracy of aspiration biopsy cytology in identifying the true stage of the disease was 100%. On histologic control, only one node contained malignant cells that were not detected by aspiration biopsy cytology, but this finding did not alter the stage of the @entity1 . Positive cytology is conclusive of @entity5 and, in this case, a curative lymphadenectomy may be attempted. Negative aspirations do not warrant the absence of metastatic nodal involvement as can be seen in two @entity1 in this series. In such cases, however, a policy of "wait and watch" may be adopted, with repeated aspiration biopsies or surgical biopsy of the sentinel node area.

title: XXXX . Aspiration biopsy cytology for staging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Penile cancer']


abstract: The @entity876 protein, a negative regulator of cell growth, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many @entity1 @entity5 following gene mutation and/or deletion. We screened a large number of @entity5 for @entity876 protein accumulation suggestive of gene mutation. Samples were divided into benign @entity652 (n = 95) and invasive @entity5 with local or distant invasion (n = 26). All main @entity5 classes were represented. Putative @entity876 mutations were detected by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections using polyclonal CM-1 and monoclonal DO-7 and PAb1801 antibodies. Results were compared to normal post-mortem pituitary tissue controls (n = 17). @entity876 protein accumulation was detected in invasive @entity5 (16%), but only in corticotrophinomas (2/4) and @entity5 (4/15). In non-invasive @entity652 , protein accumulation was observed only in ACTH-secreting @entity5 where 50% were positive (16/32). No protein accumulation was identified in any control tissue. These results indicate that @entity876 protein accumulation may play a role in the development of @entity652 and in the progression of @entity5 to the invasive state.

title: @entity876 protein accumulates in @entity652 and invasive non-functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Cushings adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic pituitary tumours', 'non-functional tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: One of the most important hormonal factors responsible for bone health is @entity53 . Genetic factors, adequacy of hormonal functioning, nutrition and physical activity may be the markers of bone status and development in young @entity1 . During @entity4806 , @entity1 reach peak bone acquisition and develop a skeletal mass. This process is largely regulated by endocrine factors mainly such as adequate levels of gonadal, adrenal and pituitary hormones. The crucial role played by @entity53 and its impact on bones are very multiple. @entity53 induces growth factors' activation, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand ( @entity5298 ) production inhibition and is mainly referred to antiresorptive activity. Clinical situations leading to hypoestrogenism has been linked to decreased bone mineral density leading to @entity2331 and @entity170 . This status both in fertile and perimenopausal @entity1 can increase the risk of pathological @entity174 . Such conditions as @entity4614 (functional hypothalamic @entity2588 , @entity1278 , @entity12608 , @entity4089 ), @entity2670 ( @entity444 , @entity11157 ) and iatrogenic treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) can cause hypoestrogenism. The treatment of @entity2331 and @entity170 caused by hypoestrogenism is very essential and multidirectional. The crucial role of the therapy is the achievement of proper serum @entity53 concentration and eliminate the causes of hypoestrogenism.

title: Hypoestrogenism in young XXXX and its influence on bone mass density.

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['adolescence']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity12608 :: ('MESH:D017436', 'Disease') :: ['Kallmann syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Xylem plays a role not only in the transport of water and nutrients but also in the regulation of growth and development through the transport of biologically active substances. In addition to mineral salts, xylem sap contains hormones, organic nutrients and proteins. However, the physiological functions of most of those substances remain unclear. To explore genes involved in xylem sap production, we identified @entity958 genes expressed in the root stele of the root hair zone from gene-trap lines by randomly inserting the beta-glucuronidase gene into the genome. Among 26 000 gene-trap lines, we found that 10 lines had beta-glucuronidase (GUS) staining predominantly in the root stele of the root hair zone and no GUS staining in the shoots. Of these 10 lines, 2 lines showed that gene-trap tags inserted into the promoter region of the same gene, denoted @entity958 subtilase 4.12( @entity19085 ). Analysis of @entity19085 promoter using an pAtSBT4.12::beta-glucuronidase transgenic line showed that the @entity19085 gene was expressed only in the root stele of the root hair zone. @entity19085 expression in roots was increased by application of @entity19086 . Subtilase proteins are commonly detected in proteomic analyses of xylem sap from various plant species, including @entity4335 , a relative of @entity958 . These results suggest that @entity19085 may be a protein localized in the apoplast of root stele including xylem vessel and involved in stress responses in @entity958 roots.

title: Identification of XXXX subtilisin-like serine protease specifically expressed in root stele by gene trapping.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity19086 :: ('MESH:C072239', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl jasmonate']

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['Brassica napus']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In the majority of @entity1 irradiated for early @entity5 an @entity854 was reported. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors influencing @entity1740 after radiotherapy for T1 @entity5 . METHODS: The voices of 75 male @entity1 irradiated for T1 @entity189 were assessed subjectively and objectively by acoustic analyses and aerodynamic measurements. The laryngeal function and morphology were evaluated by videolaryngostroboscopy. The data on smoking habits, the associated diseases influencing @entity1740 , the extent of the @entity5 , the type of biopsy, and the irradiation technique were collected from the medical records. The data on the factors influencing @entity1740 were compared for @entity1 with a normal/near-normal voice and those with a hoarse voice. RESULTS: Voice quality was at least slightly abnormal in 94.7% and 81.3% of @entity1 , when assessed perceptively and objectively, respectively. Smoking after the completed treatment, more severe morphologic alterations of the vocal folds, dryness of the throat, incomplete closure of the vocal folds and functional @entity1740 expressed as supraglottic activity adversely influenced the @entity1740 . A good correlation between the perceptive voice assessment and the acoustic analyses was established. CONCLUSIONS: After the successful irradiation for T1 @entity189 , the great majority of the @entity1 have at least a slightly hoarse voice. A better voice outcome could be achieved if radiotherapy was followed by the @entity1 's cessation of smoking and the appropriate voice therapy.

title: Risk factors for XXXX after radiotherapy for early @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glottic cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal voice']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice disorders', 'voice quality']

answer: @entity1740 :: (MESH:D014832,Disease) :: ['voice quality']


abstract: Leukocyte infiltration is characteristic of @entity651 and @entity82 , and its role during tissue repair and @entity82 is incompletely understood. We found that overexpression of @entity59 in @entity19 ( @entity59 (TG)) or by adenoviral gene transfer increased @entity1732 (blm)-induced @entity651 , @entity82 , and @entity1712 . Surprisingly, blm-treated @entity59 -deficient ( @entity59 (-/-)) @entity19 also developed pronounced @entity3794 but characterized by marked T lymphocyte infiltration and absence of @entity1712 . In both @entity19 strains however, induction of lung TGF-beta expression was evident. Purified lung eosinophils from blm-treated @entity59 (TG) @entity19 stimulated alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen expression in @entity19 lung fibroblasts, without affecting proliferation. Furthermore instillation of purified eosinophils into @entity19 lungs resulted in extension of blm-induced @entity82 , thus confirming a role for eosinophils. However, lung T lymphocytes from blm-treated @entity59 (-/-) @entity19 were able to stimulate fibroblast proliferation but not alpha-smooth muscle actin or collagen expression. Blocking T cell influx by anti-CD3 Abs @entity82 , thus also implicating T lymphocytes as a key @entity1 in @entity82 . @entity3794 in @entity59 (TG) @entity19 was preferentially associated with type 2 cytokines ( @entity58 and @entity1312 ), whereas @entity75 in @entity59 (-/-) animals were accompanied by proinflammatory cytokine ( @entity637 , @entity635 , and @entity60 ) expression. We suggest that eosinophils and T cells contribute distinctly to the development of blm-induced @entity82 potentially via their production of different cytokine components, which ultimately induce TGF-beta expression that is intimately involved with the @entity82 .

title: Eosinophils and T lymphocytes possess distinct roles in @entity1732 -induced @entity651 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['abrogated lung fibrosis', 'fibrosis', 'lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis', 'pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity2655 commonly exhibit pseudobulbar affect. METHODS: The authors conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel, three-arm study to test a defined combination of @entity14031 (DM) and @entity5126 (Q) ( @entity24784 ) for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect in @entity2655 . Q inhibits the rapid first-pass metabolism of DM. The effects of @entity24784 (30 mg of DM plus 30 mg of Q) given twice daily for 28 days were compared with those of its components. @entity1 were evaluated on days 1, 15, and 29. The primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline in the Center for Neurologic Study Lability Scale (CNS-LS) score. Secondary efficacy variables were laughing/crying episode rates and changes in Visual Analog Scales for Quality of Life (QOL) and Relationships (QOR). Efficacy was evaluated in intention-to-treat subjects who were not poor metabolizers of DM (n = 65 for @entity24784 , n = 30 for DM, and n = 34 for Q). Safety was assessed in all randomized subjects (n = 140). RESULTS: @entity24784 @entity1 experienced 3.3-point greater improvements in CNS-LS than DM @entity1 (p = 0.001) and 3.7-point greater improvements than Q @entity1 (p < 0.001). @entity24784 @entity1 exhibited lower overall episode rates, improved QOL scores, and improved QOR scores (p < 0.01 for all endpoints). Adverse effects were mostly mild or moderate; treatment-related discontinuation was 24% for @entity24784 , 6% for DM, and 8% for Q. CONCLUSIONS: @entity24784 palliates pseudobulbar affect in @entity2655 . Overall benefits of treatment are reflected in fewer episodes of crying and laughing and improvements in overall quality of life and quality of relationships.

title: Treatment of pseudobulbar affect in @entity2655 with XXXX / @entity5126 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['dextromethorphan hydrobromide']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine sulfate']

answer: @entity14031 :: (MESH:D003915,Chemical) :: ['dextromethorphan']


abstract: The aim of the study was to explore the influence of psychological affective states such as cheerfulness and bad mood on self-reported disease activity in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) while controlling for demographic and clinical variables. @entity1 attending a biological therapy unit were selected for a cross-sectional study if they met the criteria for @entity1691 and were already receiving treatment. Their psychological affective state was assessed with the state version of the State-Trait Cheerfulness Inventory. Clinical variables included were @entity1 -reported disease activity using the Bath @entity1691 Activity Index (BASDAI) and acute-phase reactants. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to verify the robustness of the relationship between psychological affective states and disease activity. We also explored whether disease activity, measured either by self-report or by acute-phase reactants, was influenced by @entity1 's overall affective state. In the recruited 31 @entity1 with @entity1691 , overall affective state contributed significantly to the variance in BASDAI scores, adding 21.8  % to the overall R-square of the predictive power of clinical and demographic variables (combined R-square  =  17  %). A higher positive affective state was associated with lower values of @entity1851 (p  <  0.05). Results of a bootstrapping procedure showed that the relationship between @entity1851 levels and BASDAI scores was mediated by overall affective state. In @entity1 with @entity1691 , affective state can induce variability in self-reported disease activity. @entity1 ' overall affective state can explain the relationship between acute-phase reactants and self-reported scores. These findings suggest interesting possibilities for the monitoring of disease activity in @entity1691 .

title: Positive and negative affective states and disease activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14477 AS-48 is produced by @entity797 S48 to compete with other bacteria in their environment. Due to its activity against various Gram positive and some Gram negative bacteria it has clear potential for use as a food preservative. Here, we studied the effect of @entity14477 AS-48 challenges on vegetative cells of @entity5258 by use of transcriptome analysis. RESULTS: Of the 5200 genes analysed, expression of 24 genes was found to change significantly after a 30 min treatment with a subinhibitory @entity5618 concentration of 0.5 microg/ml. Most of up-regulated genes encode membrane-associated or secreted proteins with putative transmembrane segments or signal sequences, respectively. One operon involved in @entity369 metabolism was significantly downregulated. The BC4206-BC4207 operon was found to be the most upregulated target in our experiments. BC4206 codes for a PadR type transcriptional regulator, while BC4207 codes for a hypothetical membrane protein. The operon structure and genes are conserved in @entity5259 and @entity11137 species, but are not present in @entity6192 and @entity3881 . Using real-time qPCR, we show that these genes are upregulated when we treated the cells with AS-48, but not upon nisin treatment. Upon overexpression of BC4207 in @entity5259 , we observed an increased resistance against AS-48. Expression of BC4207 in @entity7682 , which lacks this operon also showed increased resistance against AS-48. CONCLUSION: BC4207 membrane protein is involved in the resistance mechanism of @entity5259 cells against AS-48.

title: Response of XXXX to challenges with sublethal concentrations of @entity14477 AS-48.

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['B. thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity14477 :: ('MESH:C012306', 'Chemical') :: ['enterocin', 'Enterocin']

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['bacteriocin']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity5258 :: ('226900', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579']

answer: @entity5258 :: (226900,Species) :: ['Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579']


abstract: The compressibilities of aqueous solutions of @entity1042 or @entity1626 containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% (v/v) organic solvent were measured with a dynamic chromatographic method. The elution volumes of @entity8542 samples (2 microL) in these solutions were measured at different average column pressures, adjusted by placing suitable capillary restrictors on-line, after the detector. The reproducibility of the measurements was better than 0.2%. In the range of average pressures studied (10-350 bar), the maximum change in elution volume of @entity8542 is 1.3% (in pure water) and 4.0% (in pure @entity1042 ). This difference is due to the different compressibilities of these pure solvents. For mixtures, the plots of the elution volume of @entity8542 versus the pressure are convex downward, which is inconsistent with the opposite curvature predicted by the classical Tait model of liquid compressibility. This difference is explained by the variation of the amount of @entity8542 adsorbed with the pressure. The deconvolution of the two effects, adsorption of @entity8542 and solvent compressibility, allows a fair and consistent determination of the compressibilities of the @entity1042 -water mixtures. A column packed with non-porous @entity3440 particles was also used to determine the compressibility of @entity1042 -water and @entity1626 -water mixtures. A negative deviation by respect to ideal behavior was observed.

title: Influence of the pressure on the properties of chromatographic columns. I. Measurement of the compressibility of @entity1042 -water mixtures on a mesoporous XXXX adsorbent.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity8542 :: ('MESH:D013890', 'Chemical') :: ['thiourea']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Immunization with recombinant @entity97 vaccine induces specific immune responses in @entity1 causing B lymphocytes to produce protective HBsAb, and to form memory B lymphocytes, thereby facilitating @entity97 immunity in the body. However, B lymphocytes heterogeneity and characteristics are not fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing of BCR heavy chain @entity2612 repertoires in 3 healthy volunteers before and after the third immunization with recombinant @entity97 vaccine. We used Roche 454 Genome Sequencer FLX system to perform a comparative analysis of IgM and IgG H chain @entity2612 repertoires. First, we found that the diversity of IgG H chain @entity2612 repertoires was 1/6 of IgM on average. Moreover, after the third immunization with @entity97 vaccine, the diversity of IgG H chain @entity2612 repertoires was 1/26 of IgM on average. Second, we detected relatively high levels of HBsAbs in all the healthy volunteers after immunization with @entity97 vaccine. The volunteers shared a small number of @entity2612 sequences before and after immunization, and among each other. However, we did not find completely identical BCR H chain @entity2612 @entity3689 sequences in these volunteers. Lastly, after immunization with recombinant @entity97 vaccine, the volunteers showed high frequency of IgG H chain @entity2612 @entity3689 sequences mostly resulting from rearrangements of IGHV, IGHD and IGHJ, suggesting that the mechanism of high frequency @entity2612 generation might be associated with the maturation of IgG affinity (somatic hypermutation) during the recombinant @entity97 vaccine-induced B lymphocyte responses. This study identified the characteristics and changes of BCR @entity2612 repertoires before and after immunization with @entity97 vaccine, and evaluated the performance of the sequencing technology for this application. Our findings provide a basis for further research in B lymphocyte generated HBsAb heterogeneity and monitoring the maintenance of memory B lymphocytes.

title: Characteristics Peripheral Blood IgG and IgM Heavy Chain Complementarity Determining Region 3 Repertoire before and after Immunization with Recombinant XXXX Vaccine.

answer: @entity97 :: (10407,Species) :: ['HBV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ano-perianal @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is a rare extrapulmonary form of the disease. Most publications are in case report form. We report our cohort retrospective study on ano-perianal @entity378 , which is one of the very few original reports in the literature. METHOD: Over a period of 15 years (January 1992-December 2006), file records revealed cases with confirmed diagnosis of ano-perianal @entity378 after screening from a total of 1251 @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity378 from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung, Taiwan. RESULTS: This study recruited 17 @entity1 (14 male @entity1 and 3 female @entity1 ). The age ranged from 18 to 81 years with a mean age of 44.8 +/- 18.2 years. Thirteen @entity1 had coexistent @entity1907 (76.5%). Eight @entity1 had at least one concomitant co-morbid illness (47.1%). The most common clinical manifestations were anal fistulae (n = 16). All @entity1 who completed a full course of anti-mycobacterial treatment for at least 6 months after surgical intervention were cured without recurrence except for one @entity1 who was lost to follow-up after 2 months of treatment. Seven of the nine @entity1 with complicated fistulae needed longer anti- @entity4507 treatment duration (9-18 months). CONCLUSION: Ano-perianal @entity378 should be kept in mind for all @entity1 with prolonged or repeatedly recurrent ano-perianal symptoms and signs such as complicated fistulae in an endemic @entity378 area like Taiwan. Management strategy is with conventional anti- @entity4507 therapy for at least 6 months after surgery. An extension of the anti- @entity4507 treatment course to 9-18 months is mandatory for @entity1 with complicated disease presentations.

title: Ano-perianal XXXX : 15 years of clinical experiences in Southern Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity4507 :: ('MESH:D009164', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterium']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: -The ability of endothelin receptor blockade to prevent and to treat established cerebral and @entity8 was explored in salt-loaded @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP) with the endothelin receptor subtype-A antagonist @entity11080 . SHRSP were subjected to 1% @entity1219 intake. The start of treatment with @entity11080 (35 and 70 mg. kg-1. d-1, respectively) was either synchronized with salt loading or initiated after the first observation of @entity2657 with T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. In untreated control animals median survival was 54 days (range, 32 to 80 days) after the start of salt loading. Early-onset @entity11080 treatment increased median survival to 233 days (range, 92 to 407 days; P<0.05 versus controls) with 35 mg/kg and to 124 days (range, 97 to 169 days; P<0.05 versus control) with 70 mg/kg. The development of @entity2657 was prevented, and systolic blood pressure and @entity644 were dose-dependently reduced. However, all @entity35 in the 70-mg/kg treatment group developed @entity548 in the basal ganglia shortly before death. Late-onset @entity11080 treatment failed to affect survival, systolic blood pressure, or @entity644 . Nevertheless, @entity2657 was reduced but not as well as in early-onset treatment. Development of @entity101 , @entity2657 , and @entity644 was prevented in SHRSP when @entity11080 treatment was initiated at the start of salt-loading. However, @entity11080 treatment did not prolong survival in SHRSP with @entity2657 . This suggests that in SHRSP the @entity11081 participates actively in the development of increased blood pressure and initiation of organ damage but participates minimally in established malignant @entity101 and progression of target-organ damage.

title: Early-onset but not late-onset @entity11081 blockade can modulate @entity101 , @entity2657 , and @entity644 in XXXX -prone @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive repair with alloplastic material for @entity169 has become a method with few complications and a low recurrence rate. Persistent @entity158 and @entity809 years after the procedure are however of growing clinical interest. It is still unknown to what degree initial @entity158 or @entity809 change in the long term. Therefore this study was done to evaluate @entity1 complaints following total extraperitoneal repair (TER) over a long observation period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Included in the study were @entity1 from January 2000 to December 2006 who were treated electively for uni- or bilateral @entity169 using TER. Exclusion criteria were emergency procedures, @entity547 , and @entity547 . The @entity1 data were collected using a prospective online data system and evaluation of long-term results via standardized questionnaires determining persisting @entity158 , @entity809 , physical limitations from the surgery, satisfaction with the operation, and recurrences. The @entity1 were grouped according to length of follow-up after surgery: 12-36 months (group 1), 37-60 months (group 2), and 61-96 months (group 3). RESULTS: Since January 2000, 484 @entity1 18 to 97 years old with 620 inguinal hernias were operated. Of those, 349 were evaluated for this study (proportion of returned questionnaires: 72.1%). No significant differences were noted in @entity1 characteristics or early @entity260 . The percentage of @entity1 suffering from relevant @entity158 (moderate to severe) dropped significantly: 10.3% (group 1) vs 1.0% (group 2) (P<0.05) and 3.4% (group 3) (P<0.05). No significant differences were found concerning @entity809 (19.6% in group 1 vs 19.2% in group 3). There were no significant differences in satisfaction with the operation, as 73.8% in group 1, 67.7% in group 2, and 73.3% in group 3 were very satisfied with the results. The number of recurrences increased during the observation period: 1.9% in group 1, 3.1% in group 2, and 5.5% in group 3 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Total extraperitoneal repair is a reliable method with low recurrence rate and high @entity1 satisfaction. A relevant proportion of @entity1 complain however of @entity158 and @entity809 persisting over years. The data from this study show that in the long term, @entity158 incidence drops significantly while the rate of @entity809 remains constant. Long follow-up is needed to evaluate the long-term course of persistent @entity158 . For more precise understanding of the long-term results of herniotomy, prospective randomized studies are needed with accordingly long follow-up.

title: [ @entity158 and XXXX following total extraperitoneal hernia repair].

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['incarcerated hernia', 'scrotal hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity809 :: (MESH:D010292,Disease) :: ['dysesthesia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity8487 values in @entity1 during femtosecond laser-assisted @entity231 surgery with @entity1 during conventional phacoemulsification. METHODS: A prospective clinical study was conducted in 29 eyes of 29 @entity1 who underwent @entity231 surgery by a single surgeon. The femtosecond laser group included 15 eyes operated on with a femtosecond laser platform (Catalys; Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA) and the phacoemulsification group included 14 eyes that were operated on with conventional phacoemulsification. The femtosecond laser group was subdivided into low, medium, and high level of cavitation gas bubbles after docking and the femtosecond laser procedure, according to the judgment of the surgeon. @entity7462 samples (0.10 to 0.15 mL) were collected through a paracentesis from each @entity1 after docking, corneal incisions, and nucleus fragmentation in the femtosecond laser group and after corneal incisions but before injection of viscoelastic in the phacoemulsification group, then analyzed with a pH meter. RESULTS: The mean pH was 6.53    0.09 (range: 6.42 to 6.70) and 7.42    0.07 (range: 7.28 to 7.48) in the femtosecond laser and phacoemulsification groups, respectively (P < .001). In the femtosecond laser group, no significant differences in pH were observed between the three subgroups after docking and the femtosecond laser surgical procedure: low (6.55    0.09 [range: 6.53 to 6.57]), medium (6.54    0.07 [range: 6.52 to 6.55]), and high (6.42    0.00 [range: 6.40 to 6.44]) level of gas bubbles. CONCLUSIONS: Cavitation bubbles derived from the photodisruption process in femtosecond laser-assisted @entity231 surgery lead to an acidic shift of the @entity8487 as a result of the transformation of @entity544 to @entity13349 . The level of gas bubbles visible after the laser photodisruption does not seem to correlate with this pH shift. Further analysis of femtosecond laser-assisted @entity231 surgery is necessary. [J Refract Surg. 2015;31(7):462-465.].

title: Changes in Aqueous Humor pH After Femtosecond Laser-Assisted XXXX Surgery.

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor pH']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity13349 :: ('MESH:D002255', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonic acid']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['Aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3263 is a major contributing factor to the @entity75 associated with @entity409 . It is now generally accepted that @entity3263 leads to toxic levels of @entity1160 in astrocytes. However, the mechanism by which excessive @entity1160 is toxic to astrocytes is controversial. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence that @entity1160 -induced @entity4 , especially in @entity879 , is a contributing factor: the osmotic gliopathy theory. The object of the current communication is to present evidence for the osmotic gliopathy theory in a hyperammonemic @entity1 who overdosed on @entity1443 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Johns Hopkins Hospital. @entity1 : A 22-yr-old @entity1 who, 36 hrs before admission, ingested 15 g @entity1443 was admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital. She was treated with @entity898 . Physical examination was unremarkable; her mental status was within normal limits and remained so until approximately 72 hrs after ingestion when she became @entity911 , irritable, and agitated. INTERVENTIONS: She was intubated, ventilated, and placed on @entity11884 . Shortly thereafter, she was noncommunicative, unresponsive to painful stimuli, and exhibited decerebrate posturing. A clinical diagnosis of @entity2657 and @entity428 was made. She improved very slowly until 180 hrs after ingestion when she moved all extremities. She woke up shortly thereafter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Despite the fact that @entity3263 is a major contributing factor to the @entity75 observed in @entity879 , the @entity1 's plasma @entity3265 peaked when she exhibited no obvious @entity51 . Thereafter, her plasma @entity3265 decreased precipitously in parallel with a worsening neurologic status. She was deeply encephalopathic during a period when her liver function and plasma @entity3265 had normalized. Plasma @entity1160 levels in this @entity1 were high but began to normalize several hours after plasma @entity3265 had returned to normal. The @entity1 only started to recover as her plasma @entity1160 began to return to normal. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the biochemical data are consistent with the osmotic gliopathy theory--high plasma @entity3265 leads to high plasma @entity1160 --an indicator of excess @entity1160 in astrocytes (the site of brain @entity1160 synthesis). This excess @entity1160 leads to osmotic stress in these cells. The lag in recovery of brain function presumably reflects time taken for the astrocyte @entity1160 concentration to return to normal. We hypothesize that an inhibitor of brain @entity1160 synthesis may be an effective treatment modality for @entity879 .

title: @entity75 in XXXX resulting from @entity1443 intoxication: new observations with potential therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['osmotic swelling']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confused']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperammonemia', 'hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: The aim of this study was to explore burn-injured individuals' perception of factors seen as facilitators or barriers in the process of returning to work after a severe @entity130 . Semistructured interviews were prospectively conducted with 39 former @entity130 @entity1 , admitted to the Uppsala Burn Center between March 2000 and March 2007. The @entity1 were employed or studying at the time of injury and were interviewed on average 4.6 years after the burn. The interview data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Factors acknowledged by the @entity1 as facilitators and barriers to return to work (RTW) were identified and sorted into five categories: the Individual, Social Life, Health Care and Rehabilitation, the Workplace, and Social Welfare Agencies. Facilitators were perceived to a great extent as individual characteristics, such as own ability to take action, setting up goals in rehabilitation, having willpower, being persistent, and learning to live with impairments. The possibility of getting modified work tasks or a change of workplace, when having physical or @entity73 , was also seen as facilitating factors. Some barriers experienced as delaying RTW were difficulties when ceasing @entity158 medication, limited knowledge of wound care at primary health care facilities, lack of individualized rehabilitation plans, and lack of psychological support during rehabilitation. @entity130 @entity1 emphasized psychological resources and capabilities as facilitators in the RTW process. The need in rehabilitation for a coordinator and for assessment of work capacity, and not solely a focus on impairments, is discussed.

title: Return to work after XXXX : burn-injured individuals' perception of barriers and facilitators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impairments']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Former burn injury', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: @entity7874 is the most common @entity340 in the Western world. Although definitive treatment is valve replacement, many @entity1 are not replacement candidates due to high surgical risk from older age and comorbid illness or lack of desire for a surgical or replacement procedure. @entity2333 (BAV) is an option for palliative treatment in nonsurgical @entity1 , although this procedure is complicated during the immediate postprocedure period by @entity548 requiring transfusion for about 1 in 5 @entity1 and subsequent restenosis. This report describes BAV using a smaller profile balloon designed to withstand higher pressures, rapidly inflated with a power injector. Twenty consecutive high-risk @entity1 with severe @entity472 were treated. In all cases, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class improved from IV before BAV to I or II at 30 days follow-up. Six-month posttreatment follow-up data were available for 19 of 20 @entity1 : 15 @entity1 were either NYHA class I or II, 1 @entity1 was class III, and 3 @entity204 occurred unrelated to @entity472 . One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Average systolic gradient peak-to-peak pressure decreased by 40.0% (range 18.0-70.0%) and mean gradient decreased by 30.0% (range 13.7-70.8%). Aortic valve area increased from 0.59    0.16 cm(2) to 0.92    0.23 cm(2), representing a mean increase of 30.0% (range 7.8%-58.2%). There were no significant @entity548 complications. The only procedural complication was a single case of @entity2293 . There were no other complications during the first 24 hours post-BAV. These data support that the reported BAV technique may offer an effective alternative for @entity1 with severe @entity472 who are not surgical candidates or prefer to avoid aortic valve replacement.

title: Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for XXXX using a novel percutaneous dilation catheter and power injector.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['Calcific aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical data have shown that an increased level of serum soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L) is associated with atherosclerogenesis. We hypothesize that sCD40L induces proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). METHODS: @entity1 VSMCs were treated with sCD40L (1 or 5 microg/mL). Cell proliferation and migration were studied using a nonradioactive cell proliferation assay (MTT) and a modified Boyden chamber combined with a scrape-wound assay, respectively. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of @entity1476 and @entity1495 were measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Neutralizing antibodies against @entity1476 or @entity1495 were used to evaluate their effects on sCD40L-induced cell proliferation and migration. RESULTS: @entity98 assay showed a 35% increase in cell proliferation in the high-dose (5 microg/mL) sCD40L-treated group. Cell migration was also increased by 33% (Transwell assay) to 3-fold (scrape-wound assay) after high-dose sCD40L treatment. When cells were treated with 5 microg/mL of sCD40L for 24 hours, significant decreases in @entity1476 and increases in @entity1495 mRNA and protein levels were observed. Neutralizing antibodies against @entity1495 effectively blocked sCD40L-induced cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that sCD40L increases VSMC proliferation and migration through the @entity1495 pathway, which may be a potential mechanism through which sCD40L induces intimal @entity1373 and @entity731 .

title: Soluble XXXX ligand induces @entity1 coronary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity2936 :: (958,Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemoperitoneum is a possible @entity157 that may require emergency surgery as an alternative to radiological locoregional therapies. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case report of a 78-year-old white @entity1 with alcoholic-related @entity82 and a multifocal @entity157 . An abdominal computed tomography scan showed multiple and bilateral foci of @entity548 from broken @entity96 . He was urgently transferred from our radiology unit to our operating room for massive hemoperitoneum. A middle line laparotomy detected a massive hemoperitoneum. His liver was cirrhotic and completely subverted by a @entity5 ; there were two spontaneous @entity548 lacerations on segments II and IV, which were uncontrollable with conventional hemostatic techniques. Therefore, it was decided to carry out the coagulation of the multiple vascular afferents of each single mass by means of radiofrequency ablation cycles performed circumferentially on both nodules for a total of 40 minutes. Hemostasis was achieved; the radiofrequency ablation controlled the @entity548 from his @entity157 . He was transferred to our intensive care unit for postoperative monitoring in terms of hemodynamic stability. On postoperative day 2 he was discharged from our intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS: Multifocal @entity548 @entity157 still has an extremely high mortality. The angiographic control of multiple bilateral @entity548 lesions can be extremely difficult and can be contraindicated by the location of the lesions and by the overall clinical condition of the @entity1 . In this case, treatment with radiofrequency ablation has proven to be effective in the control of multiple and bilateral @entity99 . This particular technique allowed us to attack the lesion at the level of the vascular pedicle in order to control the @entity548 .

title: Liver radiofrequency ablation as emergency treatment for a XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma', 'complication of hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity8057 is a B-cell malignancy with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the bone marrow or lymphatic tissue and a monoclonal immunoglobulin M protein (IgM) in the serum. It is incurable with current therapy, and the decision to treat @entity1 as well as the choice of treatment can be complex. Using a risk-adapted approach, we provide recommendations on timing and choice of therapy. @entity1 with smoldering or asymptomatic @entity8057 and preserved hematologic function should be observed without therapy. Symptomatic @entity1 with modest hematologic compromise, IgM-related @entity16 that requires therapy, or @entity5714 unresponsive to corticosteroids should receive standard doses of rituximab alone without maintenance therapy. @entity1 who have severe constitutional symptoms, profound hematologic compromise, symptomatic @entity66 , or hyperviscosity should be treated with the DRC ( @entity619 , rituximab, @entity786 ) regimen. Any @entity1 with symptoms of hyperviscosity should first be treated with plasmapheresis. For @entity1 who experience relapse after a response to initial therapy of more than 2 years' duration, the original therapy should be repeated. For @entity1 who had an inadequate response to initial therapy or a response of less than 2 years' duration, an alternative agent or combination should be used. Autologous stem cell transplant should be considered in all eligible @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX : Mayo stratification of @entity8057 and risk-adapted therapy (mSMART) guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bulky disease', 'relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['Waldenstr  m macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['Waldenstr  m macroglobulinemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6602 ( @entity6602 ) is a rare @entity74 that affects the degradation of branched chain @entity1522 (BCAAs). Only a few cases of @entity6602 have been documented in Mainland China, and prenatal diagnosis has not been performed so far. In this report, 8 @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ) with @entity6602 from 8 unrelated Chinese families were diagnosed at the age of 9 days to 1 year and 8 months. The diagnosis was confirmed by serum BCAAs and genetic analyses. Among the 8 @entity1 , only one was detected by newborn screening. The remaining 7 @entity1 were admitted because of @entity16 and underwent selective screening. Significantly elevated BCAAs were observed in 7 @entity1 . One @entity1 was diagnosed by post-mortem study. 13 mutations were found in the @entity6603 , @entity3418 and DBT genes. 12 of these mutations were novel: @entity6604 , @entity6605 , @entity6606 , @entity6607 , @entity6608 and @entity3608 in @entity6603 ; @entity6609 , @entity6610 , @entity6611 , @entity6612 and @entity6613 in @entity3418 ; and @entity6614 in DBT. Only one mutation, @entity6606 in the @entity6603 gene, had been previously reported. 7 @entity1 were treated by dietary intervention and symptomatic therapy. 6 of them showed clinical improvement. The mother of one @entity1 who died from @entity6602 underwent amniocentesis during her second pregnancy. The BCAAs level in her amniotic fluid was normal. Only one heterozygous mutation, @entity6613 in the @entity3418 gene, was detected in the cultured amniocytes. The results revealed that the fetus was not affected by @entity6602 . Normal development and the blood BCAAs profile confirmed the prenatal diagnosis after birth. Thus, we identified twelve novel mutations associated with @entity6602 in the Chinese population. Prenatal diagnosis of @entity6602 was successfully performed on one fetus by genetic analysis of the cultured amniocytes.

title: Twelve novel mutations of the @entity6603 , @entity3418 and DBT genes associated with XXXX in the Chinese population: Report on eight cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'girls', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3608 :: ('c|DEL|IVS6+1|G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['IVS6+1delG']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity6602 :: ('MESH:D008375', 'Disease') :: ['MSUD', 'Maple syrup urine disease']

answer: @entity6602 :: (MESH:D008375,Disease) :: ['maple syrup urine disease']


abstract: Evidence of several types has accumulated that @entity11421 has a @entity7484 anion as one of the axial ligands to @entity1446 (the fifth ligand). On the other hand, there is as yet no general agreement on the nature of the axial ligand trans to @entity7484 (the sixth ligand), although @entity1568 and @entity26 have been proposed. To resolve the controversy, the ligand exchange reactions of @entity11421 were investigated by the use of optical spectroscopy. Two isozymes of @entity95 liver microsomal @entity11421 were examined: the isozyme induced by @entity109 ( @entity11422 ), which has a sixth ligand and is low spin and the isozyme induced by @entity11423 ( @entity11424 ), which is without a sixth ligand and is high spin. A series of artificial ligands was chosen to model the coordination of each of the potential native ligands, including water and certain @entity535 residues. When the artificial ligand coordinated through an @entity26 atom, the spectrum of pentacoordinate @entity11424 changed to one closely resembling that of native, hexacoordinate @entity11422 . The spectrum of @entity11422 was unchanged in the presence of @entity26 -coordinating ligands. However, when artificial ligands which coordinate through @entity1568 or @entity599 were added to either @entity11422 or @entity11424 , the induced spectra did not resemble the native spectrum and, in fact, were distinctive and characteristic of the particular ligand type. With three of the artificial ligands, @entity10439 , @entity11425 , and @entity11426 , the binding was found to be reversible by dilution, ultrafiltration, or gel filtration. The binding of @entity11427 and @entity11425 was competitive, as expected for @entity1446 ligands, and the number of @entity11425 binding sites per molecule of @entity11422 was estimated as 1.1. These results provide strong evidence that the native sixth ligand in @entity11422 is @entity26 rather than @entity1568 .

title: XXXX ligand replacement reactions of @entity11421 . Characterization of the bonding atom of the axial ligand trans to @entity7484 as @entity26 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity11425 :: ('MESH:C017062', 'Chemical') :: ['1-benzylimidazole']

entities_list: @entity7484 :: ('CHEBI:50539', 'Chemical') :: ['thiolate']

entities_list: @entity11426 :: ('MESH:C015135', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylphenylphosphine']

answer: @entity1446 :: (MESH:D006418,Chemical) :: ['Heme']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 65-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital with @entity1353 and cough. He was diagnosed with @entity151 (cT4N2M1b, Stage IV). The disease partially responded to systemic chemotherapy. However, it was progressive and metastasized to the brain 3 months after 6 courses of chemotherapy. Therefore, whole brain irradiation was performed. Subsequently, weakness of the lower extremities and @entity132 appeared. @entity3909 was diagnosed by enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and liquid examination. @entity1499 plus @entity2592 plus @entity619 was injected intrathecally and spinal irradiation was performed. An Ommaya reservoir was placed and intrathecal chemotherapy was continued. Systemic chemotherapy was also administered. Consequently, his symptoms improved and he was successfully discharged. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach should be considered to improve the symptoms of @entity1 with @entity3909 .

title: [A Case of @entity3909 and XXXX Effectively Treated Using a Multidisciplinary Approach].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['vesicorectal disturbances']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['Meningeal carcinomatosis', 'meningeal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['Small Cell Lung Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac involvement is a frequent finding in @entity1 with @entity1555 . With this study, we aimed at elucidating the relationship between the phenotypic expression of cardiac involvement and the occurrence of adverse @entity299 in @entity1555 / @entity1555 @entity1 . METHODS: Eighty-eight male @entity1555 / @entity1555 @entity1 (age 29        14 yrs) were prospectively enrolled. All @entity1 underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) comprising cine- and late- @entity2287 -enhancement (LGE)-CMR at study entry and were subsequently followed-up for adverse @entity299 . The primary endpoint was defined as all-cause/ @entity204 or cardiac transplantation. Secondary endpoints were (1) hospitalization for @entity712 and/or (2) occurrence of non-/sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). RESULTS: During a mean follow-up time of 47        18 months, the primary endpoint was observed in three (3%) and the secondary endpoint in 21 (24%) @entity1 . On multivariable analysis, LV-EF (HR, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.89-0.97, p   =   0.001) and the presence of "transmural" LGE (HR, 95% CI: 2.89, 1.09-7.68, p   =   0.033) were the only independent predictors for secondary endpoints. A cut-off for LV-EF of 45% was associated with the highest hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI: 11.50, 4.49-29.43, p   <   0.0001) in a Cox regression survival analysis. In the group of @entity1 with a LV-EF (>45%), those @entity1 already showing "transmural" LGE had a significantly lower event-free-survival (HR, 95% CI: 13.48, 1.89-96.12, p   =   0.009) compared to those without. CONCLUSIONS: An impaired LV systolic function (LV-EF  <=45%) and a "transmural" pattern of @entity296 independently predict the occurrence of adverse @entity299 in @entity1555 / @entity1555 @entity1 . Even in @entity1555 / @entity1555 @entity1 with relatively preserved LV-EF (>45%), the simple and visually assessable parameter "transmural LGE" is of additive prognostic value.

title: Left ventricular systolic function and the pattern of late- @entity2287 -enhancement independently and additively predict adverse @entity299 in muscular dystrophy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['BMD', 'Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Responses and functions of airway epithelial cells are stimulated by b   -agonists via the b   -adrenergic receptors (b   -ARs)-G(s)-protein- @entity268 -system, thus, affecting airway inflammation such as in @entity565 and @entity1641 @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ). Though @entity1641 can be used as large animal model for @entity1 @entity565 , evaluation of the expression and functions of the @entity2162 system in primary @entity1641 airway epithelial cells has not been yet carried out. Thus, for the first time, we determined the @entity2162 density and subtype distribution by [       I]-iodocyanopindolol ( @entity18013 ) binding, examined @entity2162 function by @entity268 assay as well as their expression by western blot analysis and immunocytochemical staining in primary @entity1641 tracheal epithelial cells (ETEC). Cells were collected from 19 @entity1641 and cultured subsequently. The specific ICYP binding was saturable and of high affinity: in freshly isolated cells the receptor density (B(max)) and ICYP affinity (K(D)) for b-ARs were 12727    883 binding sites/cell and 31.78    6.57 pM, respectively, and in cultured ETEC 3730    212 binding sites/cell and 15.26    3.37 pM, respectively. The @entity2162 subtype assessed by b   -selective ( @entity14528 ) and b   -selective ( @entity10342 ) adrenergic receptor antagonists demonstrated that the b   -AR subtype predominated (>95%) in both cell populations (p < 0.001). The @entity2162 agonists increased @entity268 formation with a rank order of potency: @entity3044 > @entity1425 > @entity1063 . @entity10342 (100 nM) significantly blocked (p < 0.05) @entity3044 -induced @entity268 accumulation but not CGP 20712A (300 nM). Western blot analyses and immunocytochemical staining further indicated the expression of the b(2)-AR subtype in both cell preparations. Our data indicate that in acutely dissociated and primary cultured ETEC the b(2)-AR-AC system is expressed, but varies considerably between the two preparations.

title: Identification and characterization of b-adrenergic receptors in isolated primary XXXX tracheal epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['RAO', 'recurrent airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The period between diagnosis and initial treatment is one of the most stressful times for @entity1 with @entity0 . Unresolved distress may lead to future mental health and adjustment difficulties. Adjustment is facilitated by thoughts and behaviors that integrate a threatening event into a @entity1 's worldview. Few studies, however, have explored @entity1 's pretreatment thought processes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a grounded theory of the pretreatment thought processes and behaviors of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 . METHODS: Grounded theory method guided theoretical sampling of 18 @entity1 from a Midwestern, US breast center who were 37 to 87 years old, diagnosed with stage 0 to II @entity0 within the past 6 to 21 days and awaiting surgical treatment. Constant comparison of interview data and open, selective, and theoretical coding identified interrelated concepts and constructs that formed the grounded theory. RESULTS: Threatened self-integrity was the main concern of @entity1 identified in the pretreatment period. @entity1 addressed this problem through a continuous, nonlinear process of acclimating to @entity0 consisting of 3 stages: surveying the situation, taking action, and emerging self. Situational and personal factors influenced @entity1 's degree of engagement in 1 or more stages. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 's pretreatment response to @entity0 diagnosis involves integrated thought processes to maintain self-integrity influenced by situational and personal factors hypothesized to be amenable to interventions that facilitate adjustment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: New insights provided by this theory can guide clinical practice and generate hypotheses to test pretreatment interventions to support psychological adjustment to @entity0 .

title: Acclimating to XXXX : a process of maintaining self-integrity in the pretreatment period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Use of the "tardus and parvus" abnormalities for the exclusion of significant @entity2791 , including @entity8 . METHOD: The lobar and interlobar renal arteries of 50 @entity101 @entity1 were examined by colour duplex sonography at three different levels. Analysis included determination of the early systolic acceleration time and evaluation of the early diastolic complexes. In all @entity1 , intra-arterial catheter angiography was performed on the following day. RESULTS: 48 out of the 50 colour duplex examinations could be properly evaluated. Angiography showed that 21 @entity1 (42%) had @entity8 , in 13 there was a haemodynamically significant @entity2791 and amongst these 4 @entity1 had bilateral @entity2791 . The sensitivity and specificity of the early systolic acceleration time at > or = 0.120 sec. was 77 and 46% respectively. Amongst the 17 haemodynamically significant stenoses shown by angiography, 10 demonstrated changes in the early systolic peaks of the Doppler spectrum, a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 90%. CONCLUSION: Use of acceleration time and of the early systolic complexes cannot be recommended as sole methods during a screening procedure.

title: [Duplex ultrasonographic diagnosis of @entity2791 by intrarenal acceleration determination and recognition of the tardus-parvus phenomenon with special regard to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['multiple renal arteries']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis', 'renal artery stenoses']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['multiple renal arteries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We previously showed that treatment with liposomally encapsulated @entity19160 reduces @entity1373 development and macrophage accumulation in a @entity35 epigastric vein to femoral artery model of @entity1373 . Our objective in this study was to determine the effect of liposomally encapsulated @entity19160 on the expression of two cytokines essential to neointimal development, @entity657 ( @entity657 ) and @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ). METHODS: We injected @entity35 both 2 days preoperatively and 2 weeks postoperatively with liposomally encapsulated @entity19160 (Lip-Clod), liposomally encapsulated @entity1391 -buffered saline solution (Vector), or @entity1391 -buffered saline solution (PBS), and harvested the grafts at 1 and 4 weeks. In the perianastomotic region, @entity657 and @entity1810 protein expression in the total graft cross-section and in the @entity8233 was determined with immunohistochemistry. In whole-graft lysates, @entity657 and @entity1810 protein were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and messenger RNA expression was determined with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Lip-Clod treatment reduced @entity1373 when compared with Vector or PBS treatment. These reductions were significant (P<.05) at both time points. When compared with the PBS treatment, at 1 week but not at 4 weeks Lip-Clod reduced both @entity657 and @entity1810 protein (P< or =.01 and P< or =.006) in the perianastomotic region of vein grafts. In whole-graft lysates, no significant difference was seen in @entity657 protein at either time point; however, @entity1810 protein expression was significantly reduced at both 1 and 4 weeks (P=.02 and P=.004). Message analysis in whole-graft lysates at 1 week showed that @entity657 message expression increased in the Lip-Clod group compared with the PBS group (P=.02), but no significant differences among groups for @entity1810 message levels. Results with Vector were often intermediate to results with Lip-Clod and PBS. CONCLUSION: The major effect of Lip-Clod treatment on @entity1810 and @entity657 protein levels in the perianastomotic region is observed at 1 week, and macrophage depletion with Lip-Clod inhibits graft neointimal @entity1373 and @entity1810 protein expression in whole-graft lysates at 1 and 4 weeks. These results support the concept that the infiltrating macrophages contribute a significant portion of the cytokines that facilitate @entity1373 and that reducing these cytokines early after grafting influences the development of @entity1373 at later time points. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: All vascular surgeons have @entity1 who have undergone a technically satisfying vein graft, only to have the bypass fail during the first year due to @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ). We hypothesize that vein graft @entity1373 is analogous to aberrant wound healing. Central to wound healing is the recruitment of macrophages with their cytokines. This work raises the question whether clinical strategies designed to either decrease macrophages or the cytokines released by macrophages at the time of vein graft placement will be efficacious for limiting the development of @entity1373 .

title: Macrophage depletion reduces @entity657 and @entity1810 in healing XXXX vein grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['perianastomotic intimal hyperplasia', 'IH', 'intimal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1', 'TGF-beta']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethylene bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and quality of life of a short course of @entity901 plus @entity416 (XELOX) followed by single-agent @entity416 in @entity1 with previously untreated, inoperable, metastatic @entity14 . METHODS: @entity1 received intravenous @entity901 130 mg/m(2) on d1 plus oral @entity416 1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily (bid) on d1-14 every 21 days for four cycles. @entity1 achieving @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or better than received @entity416 1,250 mg/m(2) bid on d1-14 every 21 days until disease progression. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Overall, 21/45 (47%) of @entity1 responded to the initial XELOX chemotherapy whilst @entity66 or better was documented in 76%. Median PFS was 6.7 (95% CI 5.7-9.6) months, and median overall survival (OS) was 20.5 (95% CI 13.1-28.1) months. In the 34 @entity1 who then received @entity416 maintenance therapy, the median PFS was 8.1 (95% CI 6.2-11.8) months and median OS was 23.1 (95% CI 17.8-28.5) months. A marked reduction in the vast majority of all grades of adverse event occurred on switching from initial XELOX to maintenance @entity416 chemotherapy including grades 1-2 (77 vs. 47%) and grade 3 (7 vs. 3%) @entity16 , @entity294 and lethargy. CONCLUSIONS: Short-course XELOX followed by @entity416 maintenance therapy provides an active and well-tolerated treatment option for @entity1 with previously untreated metastatic @entity14 . A median OS of more than 20 months is promising and by limiting the number of @entity901 infusions, this approach minimises the risk of unwanted cumulative @entity2359 , is cheaper and more convenient for both @entity1 and healthcare providers.

title: Phase II study of short-course XXXX plus @entity901 (XELOX) followed by maintenance @entity416 in advanced @entity14 : XelQuali study.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity282 is less intense after laparoscopic surgery than after open surgery. However, @entity1 may gain additional benefit from a preincisional local infiltration of anesthetic. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of two local anesthetics, @entity1342 and @entity1343 , for tissue infiltration as a means of improving @entity282 control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Using a randomized, double-blind study design, 57 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to receive local infiltration with 0.9% saline solution (Placebo group, n = 18), @entity1342 1% (Rop group, n = 20), or @entity1343 0.5% (Lev group, n = 19). The local anesthetic was administered, prior to trocar placement, using the same technique and delivering the same volume (20 ml) for all three groups. The anesthetic technique was standardized for all groups. @entity282 was rated at 2 h, 4 h, and 24 h postoperatively by visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Cumulative analgesic consumption and adverse effects were also recorded. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a post hoc test. RESULTS: The Lev and Rop groups did not differ significantly in their VAS scores at 2 h postoperatively, but the Lev group experienced significantly ( p < 0.001) less @entity158 than the Placebo and Rop groups at 4 h and 24 h postoperatively. The Rop group registered significantly lower VAS scores ( p < 0.001) than the Placebo group at 4 h postoperatively. Additionally, the consumption of analgesics was significantly lower in the Lev group than in the Rop ( p < 0.01) and Placebo ( p < 0.001) groups, and @entity1 in the Rop group consumed significantly less analgesics ( p < 0.001) than the to @entity1 in the Placebo group. CONCLUSION: Local tissue infiltration with @entity1343 is more effective than @entity1342 in reducing the @entity282 associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

title: Preincisional local infiltration of XXXX vs @entity1342 for @entity158 control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the corticotropin response to long-term octreotide or @entity9229 administration in a @entity1 with ectopic corticotropin secretion who underwent adrenalectomy. METHODS: We describe the clinical, radiologic, and biochemical findings of the study @entity1 over the course of 18 years. RESULTS: A 40-year-old @entity1 was evaluated for @entity699 . On the basis of biochemical indices, @entity4923 was diagnosed and pituitary exploration was performed. No cure was achieved. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a right lung nodule due to a @entity2 that was then surgically excised. Because of persistent @entity699 , total adrenalectomy was performed. Subsequently, corticotropin levels rose dramatically and @entity2117 developed while serum @entity701 was in the reference range. The @entity1 was treated with octreotide for 3 years and then with @entity9229 for 8 years. While taking octreotide, corticotropin values decreased, accompanied by depigmentation and development of signs of @entity1887 , which led to the reinstitution of supplemental @entity701 . @entity9229 induced a similar long-lasting effect on the clinical and biochemical parameters observed. Eight years later, she is still treated with @entity9229 , and no @entity2 has been detected. CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity1 with ectopic @entity699 , treatment with either octreotide or @entity9229 markedly reduced corticotropin levels and @entity2117 .

title: Long-term management with octreotide or XXXX in ectopic corticotropin hypersecretion: case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['Cabergoline', 'cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor', 'lung carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism', 'Cushing syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing disease']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity9229 :: (MESH:C047047,Chemical) :: ['cabergoline']


abstract: We studied 32 @entity1 with @entity261 ( @entity261 ), 19 @entity1 with organ-specific @entity792 (OSAD) without @entity261 , 50 normal controls and a known serum with anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA). @entity1 ' sera were tested by the classical indirect immunofluorescent technique and by the indirect immunofluorescent complement fixation technique on unfixed cryostat sections of normal @entity1 parathyroid, pancreas, thyroid, stomach, kidney, and @entity35 kidney. Five out of 32 @entity1 with @entity261 , three out of 19 @entity1 with OSAD without @entity261 and one out of 50 normal controls revealed a bright reactivity against oxyphil cells and a weak reactivity against chief cells of normal parathyroid. These sera also brightly reacted with mitochondria-rich cells and weakly with the remaining cells of only @entity1 tissues. The absorption of positive sera with @entity1 mitochondria completely abolished this positivity but the absorption with @entity35 mitochondria failed to prevent this reaction. This reactivity was due to an anti-human mitochondrial autoantibody (AHMA) of IgG class. By non-competitive ELISA and Western blot we also demonstrated that every AHMA-positive serum mainly reacted against a @entity1 mitochondrial membrane-bound protein of approximate mol. wt. of 46 kd, while the AMA-positive serum reacted against different mitochondrial antigens. The present study shows that a specific parathyroid autoantibody was not detectable in @entity1 with @entity261 .

title: Demonstration and characterization of anti-human mitochondria autoantibodies in XXXX and in other conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic hypoparathyroidism', 'IHP']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity261 :: (MESH:D007011,Disease) :: ['idiopathic hypoparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cationic polymers have been accepted as effective nonviral vectors for gene delivery with low immunogenicity unlike viral vectors. However, the lack of organ or cell specificity sometimes hampers their application and the modification of polymeric vectors has also shown successful improvements in achieving cell-specific targeting delivery and in promoting intracellular gene transfer efficiency. METHODS: A @entity1501 -conjugated @entity3106 -grafted chitosan (FA-CS-SA) micelle, synthesized by a @entity12259 -coupling reaction, was designed for specific receptor-mediated gene delivery. RESULTS: Due to the cationic properties of chitosan, the micelles could compact the plasmid DNA (pDNA) to form micelle/pDNA complexes nanoparticles. The particle size and zeta potential of the FA-CS-SA/pDNA complexes with different N/P ratios were 100-200 nm and -20 to -10 mV, respectively. The DNase I protection assay indicated that the complexes can efficiently protect condensed DNA from enzymatic degradation by DNase I. A @entity137 study indicated that the micelles exhibited less @entity137 in comparison with Lipofectamine    2000. Using SKOV3 and A549 as model @entity5 cells, the cellular uptake of micelles was investigated. CONCLUSION: It was found that cellular uptake of FA-CS-SA in SKOV3 cells with higher folate receptor expression was faster than that in A549 cells with a short incubation time. Luciferase assay and green fluorescent protein detection were used to confirm that FA-CS-SA could be an effective gene vector. Transfection efficiency of the FA-CS-SA/pDNA complexes in SKOV3 cells was enhanced up to 2.3-fold compared with that of the CS-SA/pDNA complexes. However, there was no significant difference between the transfection efficiencies of the two complexes in A549 cells. Importantly, the transfection efficiency of FA-CS-SA/pDNA decreased with free FA pretreatment in SKOV3 cells. It was concluded that the increase in transfection efficiency of the FA-CS-SA/pDNA complexes was attributed to @entity1501 receptor-mediated endocytosis.

title: Receptor-mediated gene delivery by @entity1501 -modified XXXX -grafted chitosan micelles.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity12259 :: ('MESH:D005022', 'Chemical') :: ['1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity3106 :: (MESH:C031183,Chemical) :: ['stearic acid']