abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with severe @entity447 suffer from a profoundly compromised hemostatic response. In addition to both the delayed and slow development of a clot, previous studies have documented that severe @entity447 is also associated with reduced clot stability. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether the clot stability in hemophiliacs could be improved by treatment with @entity927 ( @entity928 ) in combination with recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII). @entity1 /METHODS: Baseline blood samples were obtained from eight males with severe @entity447 . Thereafter, a bolus injection of rFVIII was administered to increase the functional level of @entity2801 to approximately 50%. After 10 min, blood was collected followed by an intravenous injection of @entity928 . A third blood sample was obtained after a further 10 min. Whole blood clotting profiles were determined by thrombelastography using minimal tissue factor activation. Clot formation was assessed by both clot initiation and clot propagation. At clot termination, the maximum clot firmness and area under the elasticity curve were used to illustrate clot stability. @entity1456 was included in those experiments designed to assess clot stability. RESULTS: As expected, rFVIII increased clot formation, whereas @entity928 had no effect upon this parameter. Assays including @entity1456 revealed that rFVIII increased the maximum clot firmness 3-fold; whereas the presence of @entity928 induced an additional 4-fold increase. The area under the elasticity curve increased 5-fold after rFVIII and 24-fold after addition of @entity928 . CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that simultaneous treatment with @entity928 and rFVIII significantly improves the clot stability in @entity1 with @entity447 .

title: XXXX combined with recombinant factor VIII increases clot resistance to accelerated fibrinolysis in severe @entity447 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-plasminogen activator', 'Tissue-plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity26678 ( @entity10345 ) is a recognized chemical asthmogen; yet, the mechanisms of its @entity137 have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of @entity10345 on the permeability of @entity1 @entity6618 ) monolayers in vitro, and the expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in these cells. METHODS: @entity10345 -human serum albumin (HSA) conjugates were prepared by a modification of Son's method. @entity2822 -labelled dextran and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the effects of @entity10345 -HSA on HBE135-E6E7 permeability. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to evaluate @entity7 gene expression and protein release from @entity1 cells stimulated by @entity10345 -HSA. A @entity7 -neutralizing antibody was used in monolayer permeability experiments to determine the role of the @entity7 pathway in this process. RESULTS: @entity10345 -HSA significantly increased the permeability coefficients of HBE135-E6E7 monolayers (P<0.01). @entity10345 -HSA treatment significantly increased the expression of @entity1655 and VEGF189 genes (P<0.01). ELISA showed that @entity10345 significantly induces @entity7 release from @entity1 cells. Cells treated with @entity10345 -HSA and @entity7 -neutralizing antibody had significantly lower permeability coefficients than cells treated with @entity10345 -HSA only (P<0.01), but still significantly higher than control cells (P<0.01). Cells treated with @entity10345 -HSA had fewer tight junctions (TJs) than control and HSA-treated cells, and addition of the anti- @entity7 antibody did not restore the original number of TJs. CONCLUSION: @entity10345 increases the permeability of @entity6618 cell monolayers, partly through a @entity7 -mediated pathway. This suggests the importance of @entity7 in @entity10345 -induced @entity358 , but shows that other pathways may be involved in the pathogenic process.

title: XXXX enhances @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells' permeability partly through the @entity7 pathway.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity6618 :: ('3046', 'Gene') :: ['HBE', 'bronchial epithelial cell (HBE; HBE135-E6E7']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity26678 :: ('MESH:D014051', 'Chemical') :: ['Toluene diisocyanate']

answer: @entity26678 :: (MESH:D014051,Chemical) :: ['Toluene diisocyanate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensive treatment of @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 delays the onset of long-term complications. OBJECTIVES: On the basis of the information from two nation-wide quality registers, we investigated to which extent @entity4051 c values 3-15   months after diagnosis in childhood are related to metabolic control, @entity633 , and @entity989 in early adulthood. METHODS: In Sweden, physicians register all @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 in the Swedish Pediatric Quality Registry. After 18   yr of age, @entity1 with @entity6 are followed by the Swedish National @entity6 Register. We identified 1543 @entity1 and adolescents with a mean age of 13.9   yr at diagnosis and a mean duration of @entity6 of 7.1   yr. RESULTS: @entity1 and adolescents with poor metabolic control (mean HbA1c >=  70   mmol/mol (8.6 %)) adjacent to diagnosis had a significantly higher mean @entity4051 c value years later as adults than did @entity1 with a good metabolic control [<50   mmol/mol (6.7%) (p   <   0.001)]. The @entity1 in the high group were also less physically active and smoked more as adults. The proportion of females was higher in the poor metabolic group. @entity1 with a high mean HbA1c 3-15   months after diagnosis had significantly more often macroalbuminuria and @entity989 in early adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic control adjacent to the diagnosis of type 1 @entity6 in childhood or adolescence can predict metabolic control in early adulthood. It is therefore very important that pediatric @entity6 teams identify key factors for successful early metabolic control. Actively using quality registries may be one such factor.

title: A high mean- XXXX c value 3-15   months after diagnosis of type 1 @entity6 in childhood is related to metabolic control, macroalbuminuria, and @entity989 in early adulthood--a pilot study using two nation-wide population based quality registries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patients', 'Children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity4051 :: (3039,Gene) :: ['HbA1']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To study the clinical relevance of @entity5 ploidy and micronucleus formation as prognostic factors. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity1544 were treated with primary radiochemotherapy consisting of irradiation up to 70 Gy in combination with @entity900 . Cell cycle distribution, micronucleus formation and ploidy were evaluated by flow cytometry of biopsies taken before treatment and after irradiation to 10 Gy (5x2 Gy). Sexteen out of 28 @entity1 relapsed after a minimum follow-up period of two years. RESULTS: Flow cytometry of the recurrence biopsy showed hyperpentaploid (5c exceeding) cells in 13/16 (81%) of the relapsed @entity1 . In 7 @entity1 the hyperploid clone was not present in the flow cytometry of the @entity5 . Ploidy could retrospectively be determined also by image cytometry in archival @entity5 material of the pretreatment specimens. @entity1 with a level below 100 5c cells per 10,000 cell nuclei were shown to have a significantly better prognosis than @entity1 with more than 100 hyperpentaploid @entity5 cells. The micronucleus formation was 2-5 times higher in @entity5 showing a good response to treatment than in @entity189 relapsing within two years. CONCLUSIONS: The 5c-exceeding ratio measured by image cytometry and micronucleus formation proved to be good prognostic parameters for the clinical outcome of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 .

title: Clinical relevance of XXXX ploidy and micronucleus formation for oral cavity cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The determination of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function in cystic @entity82 @entity1 is clinically important. Recently, a new non-invasive test, in which pancreatic stimulation by a Lundh meal is followed by sequential serum lipase measurements, was found to be a good indicator of exocrine pancreatic status. Since the Lundh meal also contains @entity413 , the present study assessed whether it also might be suitable for evaluation of the @entity788 . After an overnight fast, 10 healthy non-diabetic subjects and 14 cystic @entity82 @entity1 ingested a Lundh meal. @entity413 , insulin, and C peptide levels were measured at various time intervals following the meal. For purposes of comparison, the oral @entity413 tolerance test was also performed on the cystic @entity82 @entity1 . All healthy subjects demonstrated an increase in @entity413 levels post Lundh meal, peaking at 45 min (mean 140+/-21 mg/dl) and then gradually declining and reaching the normal range at 120 min. Concordant peaks of insulin (46.3+/-20 IU/ml) and C peptide (5.8+/-1. 5 ng/ml) levels were noted at 60 min. All 14 cystic @entity82 @entity1 had normal basal @entity413 levels: in 8, the pattern of @entity413 , insulin, and C peptide post Lundh meal was similar to that of the healthy controls. These 8 @entity1 also had a normal oral @entity413 tolerance test, and their hemoglobin A(1C) levels were within the normal range. The other 6 cystic @entity82 @entity1 demonstrated @entity413 levels above 200 mg/dl 30-60 min post Lundh meal, and all also had an impaired oral @entity413 tolerance test. Of these 6, 4 had high levels of hemoglobin A(1C). This study demonstrates that the Lundh meal challenges the endocrine pancreas as well as the oral @entity413 tolerance test. Thus, determination of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic status can be achieved by a single non-invasive test.

title: Lundh meal: a single non-invasive challenge test for evaluation of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function in cystic XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic endocrine axis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: To evaluate clinical application of International Society of Gynecologic Pathologists Classification of @entity1869 424 @entity1 with @entity1373 were treated in our hospital from Sept. 1989 to Feb. 1995. Our of these cases, 339 were simple @entity1373 , 28 were @entity1373 and 57 @entity1373 . We made an analysis of the cases of complex and @entity1373 in terms of the ISGP classification. The total rate of curettage was 63.5%. The agreement rate for pathologic diagnoses before and after operation was 78%. Under the age of 40, 18 @entity1 had @entity1373 and 15 of them underwent hysterectomy. Eight @entity1 had @entity1373 and 3 of them underwent hysterectomy. Above the age of 40, 39 @entity1 had @entity1373 and 30 of them had uterus removed. Twenty @entity1 had @entity1373 and 12 of them had uterus removed. These suggest that the ISGP pathologic diagnostic method is good to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Yet, diagnostic curettage is still the best means in diagnosis before operation.

title: [Evaluation on ISGP classification of XXXX in clinical application].

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['endome trial hyperplasia', 'complex hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia', 'atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']


abstract: Polysomnograms were obtained from 37 volunteers, before (baseline) and after (two consecutive recovery nights) a 64-h @entity1949 , with ( @entity2254 or @entity2728 ) or without (placebo) alerting substances. The drugs were administered at 23.00 hours during the first @entity1949 night (after 17.5 h of wakefulness), to determine whether decrements in cognitive performance would be prevented; at 05.30 hours during the second night of @entity1949 (after 47.5 h of wakefulness), to see whether performance would be restored; and at 15.30 hours during the third day of continuous work, to study effects on recovery sleep. The second recovery night served to verify whether drug-induced @entity25 on the first recovery night would carry over to a second night of sleep. Recovery sleep for the placebo group was as expected: the debt in @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and REM sleep was paid back during the first recovery night, the rebound in @entity25 occurring mainly during the first half of the night, and that of REM sleep being distributed evenly across REM sleep episodes. Recovery sleep for the @entity4944 group was also consistent with previously published work: increased sleep latency and intrasleep wakefulness, @entity25 and sleep efficiency, alterations in stage shifts, Stage 1, Stage 2 and @entity25 , and @entity1949 with a longer REM sleep latency. For this group, REM sleep rebound was observed only during the second recovery night. Results for the @entity2728 group exhibited decreased time in bed and sleep period time, suggesting a reduced requirement for recovery sleep than for the other two groups. This group showed fewer disturbances during the first recovery night than the @entity4944 group. In particular, there was no REM @entity25 , with longer REM sleep episodes and a shorter REM latency, and the REM sleep rebound was limited to the first REM sleep episode. The difference with the @entity4944 group was also marked by less NREM sleep and Stage 2 and more @entity25 episodes. No REM sleep rebound occurred during the second recovery night, which barely differed from placebo. Hence, @entity2728 allowed for sleep to occur, displayed sleep patterns close to that of the placebo group, and decreased the need for a long recovery sleep usually taken to compensate for the lost sleep due to @entity1949 .

title: XXXX , @entity2254 and placebo during 64 hours of sustained mental work. II. Effects on two nights of recovery sleep.

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'decreased REM sleep', 'total sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['modafinil']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow-wave sleep', 'decreased total sleep time', 'SWS', 'sleep disturbances', 'sleep deficit']

answer: @entity2728 :: (MESH:C048833,Chemical) :: ['Modafinil']


abstract: @entity14968 ( @entity14968 ) is characterized by a low and stable body mass index (BMI) without any hormonal abnormality. To understand the weight steadiness, energetic metabolism was evaluated. Seven @entity14968 , seven controls, and six @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) young @entity1 were compared. @entity14968 and @entity1278 had a BMI <16.5 kg/m(2). Four criteria were evaluated: 1) energy balance including diet record, resting metabolic rate (RMR) (indirect calorimetry), total energy expenditure (TEE) (doubly labeled water), physical activity; 2) body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); 3) biological markers (leptin, @entity442 , free T3); 4) psychological profile of eating behavior. The normality of free T3 (3.7 +/- 0.5 pmol/l), @entity442 (225 +/- 93 ng/ml), and leptin (8.3 +/- 3.4 ng/ml) confirmed the absence of undernutrition in @entity14968 . Their psychological profiles revealed a @entity1017 . TEE (kJ/day) in @entity14968 (8,382 +/- 988) was not found significantly different from that of controls (8,793 +/- 845) and @entity1278 (8,001 +/- 2,152). @entity14968 food intake (7,565 +/- 908 kJ/day) was found similar to that of controls (7,961 +/- 1,452 kJ/day) and higher than in @entity1278 (4,894 +/- 703 kJ/day), thus explaining the energy metabolism balance. @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) (kg) was similar in @entity14968 and @entity1278 (32.5 +/- 2.9 vs. 34.1 +/- 1.9) and higher in controls (37.8 +/- 1.6). While RMR absolute values (kJ/day) were lower in @entity14968 (4,839 +/- 473) than in controls (5,576 +/- 209), RMR values adjusted for @entity1386 were the highest in @entity14968 . TEE-to- @entity1386 ratio was also higher in @entity14968 than in controls. Energetic metabolism balance maintains a stable low weight in @entity14968 . An increased energy expenditure-to- @entity1386 ratio differentiates @entity14968 from controls and could account for the resistance to weight gain observed in @entity14968 .

title: Energy expenditure adjusted for body composition differentiates constitutional thinness from both normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14968 :: ('MESH:D013851', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'Constitutional thinness']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain desire']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'Fat-free mass']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['subjects and anorexia nervosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated plasma @entity2574 and its precursor C3 in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with/without @entity6170 (ROSI) treatment compared to healthy non- @entity28 @entity1 . We tested (1) whether plasma ASP or C3 are altered postprandially in subcutaneous adipose tissue or forearm muscle effluent assessed by arteriovenous (A-V) differences in healthy lean @entity1 and older @entity28 @entity6 @entity1 and (2) whether treatment with ROSI changes the arteriovenous gradient of ASP and/or C3. METHODS: In this ongoing placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blinded study, AV differences following a mixed meal were measured in @entity6 @entity1 (n = 6) as compared to healthy @entity1 (n = 9). RESULTS: Postprandial arterial and adipose venous TG and venous NEFA were increased in @entity6 vs. controls (p < 0.05-0.0001). ROSI treatment decreased postprandial arterial TG (p < 0.001), adipose venous NEFA (p < 0.005), reduced postprandial @entity413 (p < 0.0001) and insulin concentrations (p < 0.006). In healthy @entity1 , there was no change in postprandial C3, but an increase in adipose venous ASP vs. arterial ASP (p < 0.02), suggesting ASP production, with no change in forearm muscle. In older, @entity28 @entity6 subjects, arterial C3 was greater than in controls (p < 0.001). Arterial C3 was greater than venous C3 (p < 0.05), an effect that was lost with ROSI treatment. In @entity6 , postprandial venous ASP was greater than arterial (p < 0.05), indicating ASP production, an effect that was lost with ROSI treatment (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Increased postprandial venous production of ASP is specific for adipose tissue (absent in forearm muscle). Increased postprandial C3 and ASP in @entity6 subjects is consistent with an ASP resistant state, this state is partially normalized by treatment with ROSI.

title: @entity6170 decreases postprandial production of acylation stimulating protein in type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used extensively to investigate white matter architecture in the brain. In the context of @entity16 , quantification of DTI data sets enables objective characterisation of the associated pathological changes. The aim of this study is to propose a method of evaluating DTI parameter changes in @entity11 in the internal capsule using nonlinear registration to delineate the white matter and enable quantitative assessment of DTI derived parameters. 20 @entity1 selected pre-operatively with probable grade 2 or grade 3 @entity11 on structural MRI along with ten normal volunteers were included in this study. DTI fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were used to define a common segmented FA skeleton that was projected back onto the original individual FA maps. Objective segment classification as normal or abnormal was achieved by comparison to prediction intervals of FA and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) defined in normal subjects. The internal capsules of each @entity1 were segmented into 10 regions of interest (ROI) with 20 and 16 segments across the group having significantly increased or decreased FA and @entity1893 values respectively. Seven @entity11 @entity1 had abnormal DTI parameters in the internal capsule. We show that the classification of tract segments was consistent with disruption, @entity4 or compression. The results suggest that this method could be used to detect changes in eloquent white matter tracts in individual @entity1 .

title: Quantitative evaluation of white matter tract DTI parameter changes in XXXX using nonlinear registration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study addresses the causes of the increases in @entity56 . On the basis of an observed inverse relationship between family size and @entity56 or @entity402 , it has been proposed that a fall in common childhood @entity281 may have been responsible for the rise in @entity565 . This study was undertaken to investigate the relationships between family size and reported @entity56 and to test the hypothesis that an inverse relationship between the two is a consequence of childhood @entity281 . METHODS: Data had been obtained in a 1964 cross sectional survey of a random sample of Aberdeen schoolchildren aged between 10 and 14 in that year. Records of the presence or absence of @entity565 , @entity484 , or @entity2023 at the time of the survey and a history of measles, @entity5695 , @entity992 , @entity2462 , and mumps before and after the age of three years were available for 2111 subjects. RESULTS: The risks of @entity2023 (odds ratio 0.2, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8) and @entity484 (OR 0.3, CI 0.1 to 0.7) were inversely related to having had three or more older siblings, whilst the risk of @entity565 (OR 0.4, CI 0.1 to 0.9) was inversely related to having had three or more younger siblings. Increasing total numbers of siblings showed a significant trend in protection against both @entity484 and @entity2023 . A weak protective effect against @entity565 was found for measles after the age of three (OR 0.5, CI 0.3 to 0.9) and slight increases in the risk of @entity484 were associated with having had @entity2462 or @entity5695 and of @entity565 with having had @entity992 . The number of @entity281 before the age of three was associated with a significant trend in the odds ratios towards increased risk of @entity565 (p = 0.025). There were significant trends in the odds ratios towards greater risk of @entity484 and @entity2023 with increasing exposure to @entity2462 , mumps, and @entity992 . These relations between @entity281 and @entity66 were independent of the potential confounding factors age, sex, father's social class, and total number of siblings. CONCLUSIONS: These data add to the accumulating evidence that membership of a large sibship confers some protection against @entity66 . This does not appear to be explained by the common childhood @entity281 which show conflicting relationships with @entity66 , in that measles may have some protective effect against @entity565 but the more @entity281 a @entity1 has had, the more likely he or she is to have @entity66 . The explanation of the sibship effect is likely to lie elsewhere and the fall in common childhood @entity281 is unlikely to explain the rise in @entity66 .

title: Family size, childhood XXXX and @entity66 . The Aberdeen WHEASE Group.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases', 'atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

entities_list: @entity992 :: ('MESH:D002644', 'Disease') :: ['varicella']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma and allergic disease', 'allergic disease']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: Trapeziometacarpal @entity571 predominantly affects middle-aged @entity1 . Most cases with rhizarthrosis can be managed successfully by conservative means. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate @entity158 and tolerability of viscosupplementation therapy with hyaluronic acid (HA) for trapeziometacarpal @entity571 . Groups A and B consisted of eight @entity1 each with Eaton stage 3 or 4 rhizarthrosis, who underwent one cycle of three injections of (one per week) 0.3 cm3 @entity4023 . The injections for group A were under fluoroscopy control, but fluoroscopy was not used in group B. @entity158 and tolerability of both groups A and B were measured and compared. The @entity1 of the groups were also asked to evaluate the tolerability of the treatment. The results suggested that HA injection in the carpometacarpal joint is a tolerable procedure but the @entity1 complained of @entity158 and discomfort during the injections. The @entity158 in group A was much greater than in group B. Viscosupplementation for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal @entity571 is a viable treatment option for stages 3 and 4 @entity1 when they do not want to be operated on. It is a tolerable but not a painless procedure especially when it is done without fluoroscopy control. We recommend giving injections under fluoroscopy control.

title: The XXXX associated with intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections for trapeziometacarpal @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As known from the literature, prostate motion depends on different bladder and/or rectum fillings. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of a rectum balloon catheter, used as an internal immobilization device, on prostate and rectum motion during the treatment course. Moreover we have analyzed if the balloon enables an increase of the distance between the prostate and the posterior rectum wall. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity263 (T1 to T3) underwent computed tomographic examinations with and without rectal balloon (filled with 40 ml air) at 3 times during treatment course (at the start, middle and end of treatment). Edges of prostate, rectum and bladder were measured in relation to bony reference structures and compared for both examination series (with and without balloon). RESULTS: An increase of the distance between the prostate and the posterior rectal wall of 8 mm was observed at the base of the prostate when using the rectum balloon (Figures 1a,b and 2). Moreover prostate motion in the ventrodorsal direction > or = 4 mm (1 SD) was reduced from 6/10 @entity1 (60%) to 1/10 @entity1 (10%) using the rectal balloon (Table 3, Figure 3). In general, deviations in the latero-lateral and cranio-caudal directions were less (mean < or = 2 mm, 1 SD), no difference between both examination series (with and without balloon) was observed. CONCLUSION: Rectal balloon catheter offers a possibility to @entity1069 and rectum filling variations during treatment course. In addition it enables an increase in the distance between prostate and posterior rectal wall, which could enable an improved protection of the posterior rectal wall.

title: [Significance of a rectal balloon as internal immobilization device in conformal radiotherapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['reduce prostate motion']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: The substance @entity3677 ( @entity15745 ) is an organic solvent which is employed inter alii for prostheses which is suspected of being @entity2359 . With the object of illustrating whether there is a connection between exposure to @entity15745 and symptoms of @entity303 , a cross-sectional investigation was carried out on a population consisting of occupationally active dental technicians and opticians (n = 528) and a group of dental technicians who were no longer occupationally active (n = 173). No noteworthy difference in the background variables, apart from age, was observed. Age was taken into consideration in the analysis. The results show a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of the chronic symptoms on increasing exposure. Where the acute symptoms are concerned, the connection is not statistically significant, but a tendency is observed. A chronic symptom index constructed on the basis of 13 questions concerning chronic symptoms is compared with the life exposure and the age. A statistically significant increase in the index was found with exposure to @entity15745 , although not for the oldest age group. The pattern symptoms, presence of bias and other forms of exposure are discussed. It is concluded that this investigation confirms the hypothesis that symptoms of @entity303 have a connection the exposure to @entity15745 . The results support the presumption that @entity15745 causes acute and chronic damage to the central nervous system even with exposure below the safety limits. It is recommended that the occupational environment of dental technicians, including the present safety limits, should be revised.

title: [ @entity3677 and XXXX . A dose-response analysis among dental technicians and opticians].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['organic dementia']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['organic dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of therapy-based, risk-stratified follow-up guidelines for childhood and teenage @entity5 survivors by evaluating adverse health outcomes in a survivor cohort retrospectively assigned a risk category. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary level, single centre, paediatric @entity5 unit in South East Scotland. @entity1 : All @entity1 and teenagers diagnosed with @entity5 (<19 years) between 1 January 1971 and 31 July 2004, who were alive more than 5 years from diagnosis formed the study cohort. Each survivor was retrospectively assigned a level of follow-up, based on their predicted risk of developing treatment-related late effects (LEs; levels 1, 2 and 3 for low, medium and high risk, respectively). Adverse health outcomes were determined from review of medical records and postal questionnaires. LEs were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event, V.3. RESULTS: 607 5-year survivors were identified. Risk stratification identified 86 (14.2%), 271 (44.6%) and 250 (41.2%) as levels 1, 2 and 3 survivors, respectively. The prevalence of LEs for level 1 survivors was 11.6% with only one @entity1 with grade 3 or above @entity137 . 35.8% of level 2 survivors had an LE, of whom 9.3%, 58.8%, 18.5%, 10.3% and 3% had grades 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 @entity137 , respectively. 65.2% of level 3 survivors had LE, of whom 5.5% (n=9), 34.4% (n=56), 36.2% (n=59), 22.1% (n=36) and 1.8% (n=3) had grades 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 @entity137 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy-based risk stratification of survivors can predict which @entity1 are at significant risk of developing moderate-to-severe LEs and require high-intensity long-term follow-up. Our findings will need confirmation in a prospective cohort study that has the power to adjust for all potentially confounding variables.

title: Can intensity of long-term follow-up for survivors of childhood and teenage XXXX be determined by therapy-based risk stratification?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity1 referred to general neurology outpatient clinics, to compare disability and number of somatic symptoms in @entity1 with and without @entity74 , the relation to @entity16 , and assess the need for @entity146 treatment as perceived by @entity1 and doctors. METHODS: A prospective cohort study set in a regional neurology service in Edinburgh, Scotland. The subjects were 300 newly referred consecutive outpatients who were assessed for DSM IV @entity148 and @entity308 ( @entity601 , and HAD), health status, and disability (SF-36), and @entity1 ', GPs' and neurologists' ratings of the need for @entity1 to receive @entity146 or psychological treatment. RESULTS: Of 300 new @entity1 , 140 (47%) met criteria for one or more DSM IV @entity148 or @entity308 diagnosis. @entity308 was the most common (27%). A comparison of @entity1 with and without @entity74 showed that physical function, physical role functioning, @entity158 , and social functioning were worse in @entity1 with @entity74 (p<0. 0005). The median number of somatic symptoms was greater in @entity1 with @entity74 (p<0.0005). These differences were independent of the presence of @entity16 . Few @entity1 wished to receive @entity146 or psychological treatments. Both general practitioners and neurologists were more likely to recommend @entity146 treatment when the @entity1 ' symptoms were medically unexplained. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of new referrals to general neurology clinics met criteria for a DSM IV @entity146 diagnosis. These @entity1 were more disabled, and had more somatic symptoms. They expressed little enthusiasm for receiving @entity146 treatment.

title: @entity16 , XXXX , and disability: they are related: a study of 300 consecutive new referrals to a neurology outpatient department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressive', 'Major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disorders', 'emotional disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['emotional disorder']


abstract: Summary An analysis of joint moments was used to study the biomechanical implications, load redistribution and kinematic pattern following desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the @entity427 ( @entity1582 ) in adult @entity1641 . Recordings of 6 sound @entity1641 were made before and 10 days after desmotomy of the @entity1582 of the right forelimb at the walk and the trot. Kinematic recordings of the right forelimb and the left distal forelimb were made using the CODA-3 system. Kinetic recordings of the ground reaction forces in both forelimbs were made using a Kistler force plate simultaneously with the kinematic recordings. Radiographic localisation of the CODA-3 markers in both distal limbs allowed an analysis of coffin and fetlock joint moments, moment arms and forces in the @entity1795 . No transfer of load from the operated to the contralateral limb was found. In the operated limb the total joint moment of the coffin joint decreased substantially due to a reduced moment arm of the vertical ground reaction force component during the entire stance phase, while the fetlock joint moment decreased only slightly. To compensate for the loss of @entity1582 function, the superficial @entity1795 (SDFT) took a higher load during midstance, while at the end of the stance phase, the @entity427 ( @entity427 ) carried a higher load with a marked load peak just before heel off. While the compensation was adequate during midstance (no changes in maximal hyperextension of the fetlock joint), a prolonged hyperextension of the fetlock joint together with a rapid flexion at the start of the swing phase indicated that the @entity427 was unable to compensate completely for the loss of @entity1582 function. It was concluded that the changes in total joint moments and increases in loading of the SDFT and @entity427 allow locomotion without serious overloading of the compensating tendons following @entity1582 desmotomy.

title: Load redistribution after desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the @entity427 in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['DDFT', 'deep digital flexor tendon']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['digital flexor tendon', 'digital flexor tendons']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity1214 in the treatment of @entity370 , a nonrandomized, open study was performed in @entity1 with @entity370 . OBSERVATIONS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity370 were treated with @entity1214 , 200 mg/d, for a median duration of 12 months. Three @entity1 had extracutaneous lesions at the time of the study. The median follow-up was 26 months. A clinical response was observed in 10 @entity1 , consisting of complete responses in 8 @entity1 and partial responses in 2 @entity1 . A progression of @entity272 was observed in 1 @entity1 , and lesions remained stable in another @entity1 . Adverse effects were minimal, except in 1 @entity1 , who developed @entity7586 . A slight @entity2117 occurred in 2 @entity1 at the site of previous lesions, which completely disappeared after @entity1214 use was discontinued. A relapse of @entity272 occurred after @entity1214 withdrawal in 3 @entity1 , who further received @entity3403 , 200 mg/d, allowing a complete remission of lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These results support that @entity1214 and @entity3403 may be beneficial for the treatment of @entity370 . Randomized controlled studies are warranted for the evaluation of the true efficacy of @entity2930 in these @entity1 .

title: The use of @entity2930 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin symptoms', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity7586 :: ('MESH:D063926', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous sarcoidosis', 'sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: As a minimally invasive spine surgery, percutaneous atlantoaxial fixation techniques using anterior transarticular screw (ATS) and posterior transarticular screw (PTS) have promising clinical results. However, transarticular screw fixation is technically demanding and carries a potential risk of iatrogenic vertebral artery (VA) injury. There were no available data comparing the anatomic risk of @entity1317 associated with these screws. PURPOSE: To evaluate the trajectories of percutaneous @entity1347 and PTS through three-dimensional (3D) computerized tomography. STUDY DESIGN: To compare the anatomic risk of @entity1317 between percutaneous ATS and  PTS. @entity1 SAMPLE: Sixty @entity1 ranged in age from 19 to 75 years (mean, 45.08 years) and included 35 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Image measurement of C2 isthmus height and C2 isthmus width and the distance between the medial-most superior articular facet to the medial-most edge of the VA groove of the C2 (D). METHODS: Sixty consecutive @entity1 (in total) with @entity66 were evaluated through 3D images reconstructed by a rapid 3D system. The maximum possible diameters of the percutaneous @entity1347 and PTS trajectories were compared and examined. Mean, range, and standard deviations for each type of screw, for left and right trajectories, and for @entity1 and @entity1 were calculated from 120 percutaneous @entity1347 and PTS measurements through SPSS. RESULTS: The maximum mean diameter differed significantly between the trajectories of 120 percutaneous @entity1347 and PTS. For screw trajectories  <=3.5 mm in diameter, 19.2% of the PTS trajectories were judged as risky, whereas all the anterior ones were judged as safe. CONCLUSIONS: From an anatomic perspective, percutaneous ATS fixation poses less anatomic risk of @entity1317 than percutaneous PTS fixation. As an alternative surgical therapy for @entity9807 , percutaneous ATS fixation may play a more important role in the future.

title: Comparison of the anatomic risk for XXXX associated with percutaneous @entity1347 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lower cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial ATS']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial subluxation']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery injury']


abstract: We have previously reported that a @entity517 protein complex binds to the region upstream of the @entity517 gene, where exist an origin of cellular DNA replication (ori) and a transcriptional enhancer. Both functions require a 21 bp long sequence, while the @entity517 protein complex recognizes a 7 bp consensus therein. It was recently reported that single-stranded DNA binding proteins bound specifically to sequences that play roles in DNA replication or transcription. We examined for proteins binding to the single-stranded DNAs of the 21 bp element (myc(H-P)21). In a band shift assay with HL60 cells nuclear extract, probes of either the plus strand or the minus strand gave rise to specific signals. Mutation introduced within a short consensus (A/ @entity48674 /TA/TT) present in both strands completely abolished binding in either case. Southwestern blotting analysis showed that proteins of molecular weight 105, 80, 50, 45, 40, 39.5 and 14 kDa bound sequence-specifically to either strand and 22 kDa to minus strand to the cognate A/ @entity48674 /TA/TT consensus. These single-stranded DNA binding proteins were named @entity36326 , @entity517 gene single strand binding proteins. We attempted to isolate the cDNAs encoding these proteins by screening a @entity1 cDNA library with the plus single-stranded oligonucleotide as a probe. Among several positive clones, we have characterized one, termed @entity48675 . @entity36326 -1 produced in @entity526 as a fusion protein with GST specifically interacted with single-stranded TCTTAT (plus myc(H-P)21) and ACT-ATT (in minus myc(H-P)21), the consensus of which can be referred to as A/ @entity48674 /TA/TT. Sequence analysis of @entity48675 cDNA revealed that two domains thereof are homologous to the RNA binding motifs common to several ribonucleoproteins. Interestingly, the @entity36326 -1/GST fusion protein specifically recognized myc(H-P)21 not only in single-stranded but also in double-stranded forms. Binding properties of @entity48675 imply its functions in DNA replication. Furthermore, when the AT stretch in the SV40 ori core was substituted by TCTTAT, @entity48675 promoted viral DNA replication depending on the consensus sequences.

title: Identification and cDNA cloning of single-stranded DNA binding proteins that interact with the region upstream of the XXXX @entity517 gene.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Gonadotroph @entity652 comprise 15-40% of all @entity977 , are usually non-functioning and are often large and invasive at presentation. Surgery is the first-choice treatment, but complete resection is not always achieved, leading to high recurrence rates. As gonadotroph @entity652 poorly respond to conventional pharmacological therapies, novel treatment strategies are needed. Their identification has been hampered by our incomplete understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these @entity5 . Recently, we demonstrated that MENX-affected @entity35 develop gonadotroph @entity652 closely resembling their @entity1 counterparts. To discover new genes/pathways involved in gonadotroph cells tumorigenesis, we performed transcriptome profiling of @entity35 @entity5 versus normal pituitary. @entity652 showed overrepresentation of genes involved in cell cycle, development, cell differentiation/proliferation, and lipid metabolism. Bioinformatic analysis identified downstream targets of the transcription factor @entity43714 as being up-regulated in @entity35 (and @entity1 ) @entity652 . Meta-analyses demonstrated remarkable similarities between gonadotroph @entity652 in @entity35 and @entity1 , and highlighted common dysregulated genes, several of which were not previously implicated in pituitary tumorigenesis. Two such genes, @entity5986 and @entity48185 , were analyzed in 39 @entity1 gonadotroph @entity652 by qRT-PCR and found to be up-regulated in 77 and 95% of cases, respectively. Immunohistochemistry detected high @entity5986 (encoded by @entity5986 ) and @entity48185 expression in 18 @entity1 @entity5 . In vitro studies demonstrated for the first time that @entity7816 is a target of @entity43714 in gonadotroph cells and promotes proliferation/survival of @entity35 pituitary @entity652 primary cells and cell lines. Our studies reveal clues about the molecular mechanisms driving @entity35 and @entity1 gonadotroph @entity652 development, and may help identify previously unexplored biomarkers for clinical use.

title: Transcriptome analysis of MENX-associated @entity35 @entity977 identifies novel molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotroph tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma', 'Adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary gonadotroph adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Practice guidelines suggest that all @entity1 hospitalised with @entity497 ( @entity497 ) should receive antibiotics within 4 h of admission. An audit at our hospital during 1999-2000 showed that this target was achieved in less than two thirds of @entity1 with severe @entity497 . METHODS: An experienced multidisciplinary steering group designed a management pathway to improve the early delivery of appropriate antibiotics to @entity1 with @entity497 . This was implemented using a multifaceted strategy. The effect of implementation was evaluated using a controlled before-and-after study design over two winter seasons (November-April 2001-2 and 2002-3). Cost-effectiveness analyses were performed from the hospital's perspective. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 receiving appropriate antibiotics within 4 h of admission to hospital increased from 33% to 56% at the intervention site, and from 32% to 36% at the control site (absolute change adjusted for differences in severity of illness 17%, p = 0.035). The cost per additional @entity1 receiving appropriate antibiotics within 4 h was 132 pound with no post-implementation evaluation, and 456 pound for a limited post-implementation evaluation. Simple modelling from the results of a large observational study suggests that the cost per @entity204 prevented could be 3003 pound with no post-implementation evaluation, or 16,632 pound with a limited post-implementation evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention markedly improved door-to-antibiotic time, albeit at considerable cost. It might still be a cost-effective strategy, however, to reduce mortality in @entity497 . Uncertainty about the cost effectiveness of such interventions is likely to be resolved only by a well-designed, cluster randomised trial.

title: Reducing door-to-antibiotic time in XXXX : Controlled before-and-after evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the pulmonary manifestations and the course of @entity1576 associated with @entity17252 ( @entity17252 ). DESIGN: Retrospective review of clinical data and chest radiographs (total 225) obtained during the lifetime follow-up of 31 @entity17252 @entity1 . About half of the 25 @entity1 without respiratory symptoms underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs, radionuclide perfusion imaging, whole body plethysmography, and diffusing capacity measurements. @entity1 : Thirty-one Finnish @entity1 with @entity17252 . RESULTS: During the follow-up period, four @entity1 with @entity17252 died in @entity1576 , 1 adult had an episode of @entity1576 , and another had chronic symptoms, whereas 25 @entity1 remained symptom-free. The radiologic findings in acute progressive @entity1576 were uniform: at first, reticulonodular interstitial densities and, later on, progressive airspace disease. At autopsy, three @entity1 showed @entity5970 and one had @entity548 and @entity165 @entity738 . One adult had reversible @entity1576 with signs of @entity4154 , another adult had recurrent episodes of @entity662 , @entity1353 , and @entity519 . Of the symptom-free @entity1 , one third (8 of 25) had signs suggestive of @entity3794 evidenced on chest radiographs and two thirds (8 of 14) had signs evidenced by HRCT films. Most symptom-free @entity1 showed mild abnormalities either in perfusion imaging (9 of 12) or in function tests (8 of 12). CONCLUSION: In childhood, @entity1 with @entity17252 are highly predisposed to develop @entity548 and @entity5970 . Interstitial lung densities may precede the acute phase. Most adult @entity17252 @entity1 show radiologic signs of @entity401 but only a few show clinical impairment.

title: Pulmonary manifestations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhages', 'pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity17252 :: ('MESH:C562687', 'Disease') :: ['lysinuric protein intolerance', 'LPI']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory insufficiency', 'respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5970 :: ('MESH:D011649', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar proteinosis', 'pulmonary alveolar proteinosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity17252 :: (MESH:C562687,Disease) :: ['lysinuric protein intolerance']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a widespread impression among surgeons that a thoracoabdominal incision carries a substantially higher risk of morbidity and possible mortality over abdominal incisions. We decided therefore to critically review our experience of the last 4 years with these incisions. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all cases of @entity242 of upper abdominal quadrants in the period May 1995 through February 1999. There were 33 consecutive @entity1 and 34 thoracoabdominal incisions (1 @entity1 had a second operation for recurrence). Their mean age was 54 years, with 13 >60 and 7 >70 years. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were extubated immediately at the end of the procedure and the rest within 24 h. In the majority of instances (32 of 34 or 94%), the @entity1 left the intensive care unit within 48 h. The most common @entity260 was @entity891 (7 of 34, 21%). There was no @entity204 . The @entity5 was resected in all 34 cases (100%). CONCLUSIONS: The thoracoabdominal incision for upper quadrant @entity242 is tolerated well by the @entity1 with a morbidity similar to that observed after routine abdominal incisions. It allows complete resection of the @entity5 in most (all in this series) cases.

title: Thoracoabdominal incisions and resection of upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroperitoneal tumor']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal sarcomas']


abstract: Interferon alpha ( @entity3027 ) represents an adjuvant therapy of proven effectiveness in increasing disease-free interval and survival in subgroups of @entity320 @entity1 . Since high doses of cytokine are required, the treatment is often accompanied by toxic side effects. Furthermore, naturally occurring insensitivity to @entity3027 may hamper its therapeutic efficacy. Clinical, molecular or immunological markers enabling the selection of potential responders have not been identified so far. To explore the molecular basis of @entity3027 responsiveness, we analysed the expression pattern of about 7000 genes in @entity3027 sensitive and resistant cell lines and we compared the transcription profiles of cells cultured in the presence or absence of the cytokine using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. @entity320 cell lines were screened for their sensitivity to proliferation inhibition and HLA class I induction upon @entity3027 treatment by standard @entity665 incorporation and flow-cytometry. The study of 4 sensitive and 2 resistant cell lines allowed the identification of 4 genes ( @entity9605 , @entity15870 , @entity39837 and @entity9037 ) preferentially transcribed in sensitive cells and 2 ( @entity49219 and @entity18775 ) preferentially expressed in resistant cells. @entity3027 stimulation resulted in the expression of a panel of 19 known inducible genes in sensitive but not in resistant cells. Moreover a group of 30 novel @entity3027 inducible genes was identified. These data may provide a useful basis to develop diagnostic tools to select potential @entity3027 responders eligible for treatment, while avoiding unnecessary @entity137 to non-responders. Furthermore, by extending the knowledge of the polymorphic effects of @entity3027 on gene expression, they offer novel clues to the study of its pleiotropic @entity137 .

title: High density oligonucleotide array analysis of interferon- alpha2a sensitivity and transcriptional response in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a new purified collagen gel with specific properties for @entity8 in an experimental model in @entity235 . METHODS: The new gel was prepared from type I bovine tendon collagen, highly purified to eliminate immunogenicity, and reconstituted through extensive dialysis in distilled water without the addition of @entity3584 . The study was conducted on 16 mongrel @entity235 that underwent random embolization of the renal artery. The @entity235 were divided into two groups: group 1 was killed after 2 days and group 2 after 21 days. The abdominal organs, lungs, and muscles of the posterior limbs were studied in detail and samples were taken for an anatomic-pathologic analysis. RESULTS: After embolization, uniform parenchymatosus @entity63 and loose perirenal adhesions without significant volumetric changes were observed in group 1. A microscopic study revealed acidophilus amorphous and birefringent emboli filling the lumen of the renal artery and extending into the arterioles. The glomeruli and tubules showed early signs of diffused @entity39 . In group 2, microscopic examination revealed endothelial proliferation around the emboli that had closely adhered to the arterial wall, with signs of fibroblastic proliferation within the emboli. In both groups, the abdominal organs, lungs, and muscles of the posterior limbs did not show signs of collagen migration. CONCLUSIONS: Purified collagen gel effectively embolized the renal artery. The absence of collagen migration to other organs and posterior limbs suggests that this material can be safely used for organ embolization.

title: New biocompatible highly purified collagen gel for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['therapeutic renal artery embolization']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and survival in older @entity1 with @entity320 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER): a population-based @entity5 registry covering 14% of the U.S. population. @entity1 : Twenty-three thousand sixty-eight @entity1 aged 65 and older with @entity320 between 1988 and 1999. MEASUREMENTS: Outcome was @entity320 -specific survival. Main independent variable was @entity159 (measured as census tract median household income) taken from the SEER-Medicare linked data. RESULTS: Subjects residing in @entity7881 (< or =30,000 dollars/y) had lower 5-year survival rates (88.5% vs 91.1%, P < .001) than subjects residing in higher-income areas (>30,000 dollars/y). In Cox proportional hazard models, higher income was associated with lower risk of death from @entity320 (hazard ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval = 0.79-0.98, P = .02) after adjusting for sociodemographics, stage at diagnosis, thickness, histology, anatomic site, and comorbidity index. There was an interaction effect between @entity159 and ethnicity and survival from @entity320 . For whites and nonwhites (all other ethnic groups), 5-year survival rates increased as income increased, although the effect was greater for nonwhites (77.6% to 90.1%, 1st to 5th quintiles, P = .01) than for whites (89.0% to 91.9%, 1st to 5th quintiles, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Older subjects covered by Medicare residing in lower- @entity159 areas had poorer @entity320 survival than those residing in higher- @entity159 areas. Further research is needed to determine whether low @entity159 is associated with late-stage disease biology and poorer early detection of @entity320 .

title: Socioeconomic status and survival in older @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity7881 :: ('MESH:C563621', 'Disease') :: ['lower-income areas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Ayurveda has taken the foremost place in the management of crippling disease, one of them is Amavata which can be compared with @entity309 due to its clinical appearance. Due to wide spectrum of disease, much prevalence in the society and lack of effective medicament, the disease is being chosen for the study. The line of treatment described for the disease in Chakradatta can be summarized under following captions. i.e to bring Agni to normal state to digest Ama, and eliminate vitiated Vata and Ama. Thus, here Kshara Basti is selected for the present study as Samshodhana process which corrects all of above captions. It is mentioned in Chikitsa Sutra described by Chakradatta. Nirgundi has Amavatahara property which is stated by Bhavaprakasha, considering which Nirgundi Patra Ghanavati is selected as Shamana drug. Total 50 randomly selected @entity1 of Amavata were registered among them 45 were completed the treatment. Kshara Basti in the format of Kala Basti was given to these @entity1 and Nirgundi Ghana @entity12716 was given for one month. Statistically significant improvement was found in ESR, RA factor (quantitative) and also highly significant results were found in symptoms of Amavata. Moderate improvement was seen in 40% of @entity1 , 35.56% @entity1 got marked improvement, while mild improvement was found in 24.44% of @entity1 .

title: Effect of kshara basti and nirgundi ghana XXXX on amavata ( @entity309 ).

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']

answer: @entity12716 :: (10493,Gene) :: ['vati']


abstract: Both animal and @entity1 data implicate psychosocial distress and cardiovascular reactivity in response to challenge in the etiology of @entity1164 . In this study, the relation of these biobehaviorial factors to frequency of @entity1540 , a predictor of @entity944 was investigated. The study population was made up of @entity1 enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's @entity943 Pilot Study (CAPS). Ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) were assessed by multiple, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings. @entity1 completed trait psychosocial measures assessed at baseline and state psychosocial measures assessed periodically during a 1-year follow-up period. Psychosocial measures included self-reports of @entity308 , @entity148 , anger and type A behavior pattern. A competitive challenge using a video game was used as a stressor to elicit cardiovascular reactivity and was administered at baseline and during follow-up sessions. Cardiovascular reactivity was defined as peak level during stressor exposure minus the mean of resting levels for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate. Results indicated that biobehavioral factors were not associated with diurnal VPC rates. Furthermore, biobehavioral factors did not predict response to antiarrhythmic therapy. Based upon the results of this study, it is speculated that the established relation between behavioral factors and @entity944 may not be mediated by VPC rates.

title: Relation of psychosocial and stress reactivity variables to XXXX in the @entity943 Pilot Study (CAPS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature complexes']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the role of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in assessing cardiovascular prognosis in @entity1 with known or suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ). BACKGROUND: Although stress CMR is excellent for the diagnosis of obstructive @entity453 , the prognostic value of stress CMR has been less well described. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and metaRegister of Controlled Trials were searched for stress CMR studies with >6 months of prognostic data. Primary endpoints were @entity65 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and a composite outcome of @entity65 or @entity583 during follow-up. Summary effect estimates were generated with random-effects modeling, and annualized event rates were assessed. RESULTS: Nineteen studies (14 vasodilator, 4 @entity452 , and 1 that used both) involved a total of 11,636 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 32 months. @entity1 had a mean age of 63    12 years, 63% were male, and 26% had previous @entity583 ; mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 61    12%; and late @entity2287 enhancement was present in 29% and @entity63 in 32%. @entity1 with @entity63 had a higher incidence of @entity583 (odds ratio [OR]: 7.7; p < 0.0001), @entity65 (OR: 7.0; p < 0.0001), and the combined endpoint (OR: 6.5; p < 0.0001) compared with those with a negative study. The combined outcome annualized events rates were 4.9% for a positive versus 0.8% for a negative stress CMR (p < 0.0001), 2.8% versus 0.3% for @entity65 (p < 0.0001), and 2.6% versus 0.4% for @entity583 (p < 0.0005). The presence of late @entity2287 enhancement was also significantly associated with a worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: A negative stress CMR study is associated with very low risk of @entity65 and @entity583 . Stress CMR has excellent prognostic characteristics and may help guide risk stratification of @entity1 with known or suspected @entity453 .

title: Prognostic value of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX with known or suspected @entity453 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unruptured @entity438 can be preventively treated by surgical clipping or endovascular coiling. We determined in detail the costs of these treatments. METHODS: We included @entity1 who were treated for an unruptured aneurysm between 1997 and 2003. @entity1 coiled in this period were matched with clipped @entity1 according to the year of treatment, age and gender. Considering clipping and coiling, we compared all pre-admission costs of diagnostic procedures, all costs of treatment, and costs during follow-up including standard angiographic control examinations at 6 and 18 months after coiling. Costs were calculated as the product of the used resources and the costs of these resources. RESULTS: The mean price for clipping was EUR 8,865.42 and that for coiling EUR 10,370.29. The difference was mainly determined by the higher material costs of coiling (EUR 5,300) compared with clipping (EUR 690). Costs of clipping were mainly determined by the need for intensive care facilities (1.2 days after clipping and 0 days after coiling) and the length of hospital stay (10.5 days after clipping and 3.4 days after coiling). After bootstrapping the data, costs of coiling were on average EUR 1,553 (95% confidence interval: EUR 1,539-1,569) higher than those of clipping. CONCLUSIONS: For unruptured @entity438 , direct in-hospital costs of coiling are on average higher than those of clipping, mostly because of the more expensive coils.

title: Direct costs of surgical clipping and endovascular coiling of unruptured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: In an attempt to identify important ion channels contributing to the generation of ectopic discharges, the present study examined the effects of ion channel blockers on ectopic discharges of injured sensory neurons after spinal nerve ligation. The main focus of the study was to examine the effect of the @entity1372 channel blocker, @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ), in order to identify important subtype(s) (i.e. @entity4524 -sensitive and @entity4524 -resistant) of @entity1372 channels that are involved in ectopic discharge generation. In addition, the effects of @entity972 and @entity460 channel blockers were also tested for comparison with the results of previous studies. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the injured segment was removed along with the dorsal root (DR) and the spinal nerve 7-14 days after spinal nerve ligation in the @entity35 . The tissue was placed in an in-vitro recording chamber consisting of multiple compartments that were independently perfused with 35 degrees C artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). Single unit recordings were made from teased DR fibers. Once a spontaneously active unit was found and characterized, ACSF containing a channel blocker was perfused to the DRG, the site where almost all ectopic discharges originate after spinal nerve ligation. All the recorded spontaneously active units were found to be Abeta and Adelta fibers (no C fibers were detected). Perfusion of the DRG with a @entity1372 channel blocker ( @entity3303 ) at a dose much less than that required to block conduction of action potentials, significantly inhibited ectopic discharges in all recorded fibers. In addition, ectopic discharges were inhibited by @entity4524 perfused to the DRG at a dose much lower (average of 22.1 nM) than that required to block @entity4524 -resistant subtypes of @entity1372 channels. The data suggest that @entity4524 -sensitive @entity1372 channels are likely to be involved in the generation of ectopic discharges. The present study also confirmed the results of previous studies on the additional potential roles of @entity972 and @entity460 channels, thus suggesting that multiple ion channels are likely to be involved in the generation of ectopic discharges.

title: Ion channels associated with the ectopic discharges generated after segmental spinal nerve injury in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) is an uncommon @entity262 characterized by occlusion of small vessels by @entity5 . Central nervous system involvement usually presents as subacute @entity75 , @entity303 , @entity410 , or multifocal cerebrovascular events. OBJECTIVE: To increase awareness about @entity5642 , an uncommon cause of @entity16 . DESIGN: This is a retrospective case series of 8 pathologically proved cases of @entity5642 with @entity16 . @entity1 were part of a pathological series collected between April 1962 and October 1998 at Indiana University School of Medicine and the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. SETTING: Neurological and neuropathological examinations were performed at tertiary referral hospitals. @entity1 : Eleven @entity1 were diagnosed pathologically as having @entity5642 , but 3 were not included in this evaluation because of a lack of appropriate clinical information. Of the final sample (n = 8), there were 4 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 (mean +/- SD age, 62.9 +/- 9.9 years). RESULTS: All 8 @entity1 had focal @entity51 , 7 had @entity75 or @entity303 , 5 had @entity302 , and 2 had @entity602 . @entity204 occurred at a mean of 7.7 months (range, 1-24 months) after the onset of symptoms. All @entity1 had elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein levels, 4 had pleocytosis, and 2 had an elevated IgG level in their cerebrospinal fluid. Of the 4 @entity1 who underwent a brain biopsy, 1 was diagnosed as having @entity5642 before death. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5642 is an uncommon disease with a myriad of potential neurological manifestations. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and a pathological examination. If diagnosed early, aggressive chemotherapy is potentially curative, although the overall prognosis remains dismal.

title: The neurological masquerade of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomatous cells']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVL', 'Intravascular lymphomatosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['intravascular lymphomatosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and the diagnostic efficacy of multislice diffusion-weighted and perfusion imaging in addition to FLAIR-TSE, T2w-GraSE and MR-angiography in the diagnosis of @entity64 . METHODS: 18 @entity1 with @entity64 were examined at 1.5 Tesla (Gyroscan ACS-NT, Philips Medical Systems) within 6 (n = 9) and 6-48 (n = 9) hours, respectively, and followed at regular intervals. For diffusion imaging we used a multislice multishot EPI-SE sequence with navigator echo correction and cardiac gating. Perfusion imaging was done by means of a FFE-EPI sequence after bolus injection of @entity7241 . RESULTS: The diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted and perfusion imaging was significantly higher compared with FLAIR-TSE (p = 0.0023) and GraSE (p = 0.0012) during the first 6 hours. With FLAIR-TSE and GraSE first pathologic changes were seen after 4 hours. We detected perfusion deficit (rCBV < 10%) and a corresponding drop of the ADC in all @entity1188 larger than 1 cm in diameter. Within the area of low rCBV the combined analysis of diffusion and perfusion imaging allows to identify an @entity1188 region with characteristics of a penumbra and one with characteristics of the @entity1188 core. @entity2106 was increased in the surrounding tissue. However, parts of this area were rarely included in the @entity1188 . The final extension of the untreated @entity1188 , as revealed by computed tomography, corresponded well to the perfusion deficit. CONCLUSIONS: Early ischaemic @entity385 can be diagnosed with diffusion and perfusion imaging before pathological changes are visualized with other imaging modalities. The combined use may allow to distinguish the @entity1188 core from surrounding, potentially salvageable tissue.

title: [Improved diagnosis of early XXXX by the combined use of diffusion and perfusion].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarcts']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarct']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study is to examine the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors ( @entity6930 ) during testicular @entity63 /reperfusion (t I/R). The involvement of the Notch pathway, and their modulation by the antioxidant @entity670 is also studied. Three groups of male @entity35 were used: sham @entity35 , t I/ @entity5698 , and @entity670 -treated @entity35 (10 mg/kg). The t I/R @entity35 model underwent testicular artery occlusion of the left testis and was subjected to 60 min @entity63 followed by 4 h reperfusion. Protein expression of @entity11017 , @entity6929 , @entity6930 , and @entity11018 were measured in testicular tissue. Histological examination was performed to assess spermatogenesis. Protein levels of @entity24805 , @entity1657 , and @entity49547 ( @entity49547 ) was quantified. The degree of testicular oxidative stress, DNA damage and germ cell apoptosis were also evaluated. T I/R induced severe @entity8 , a significant increase in @entity11017 and @entity6929 expression and decreased expression @entity6930 and @entity11018 . @entity670 treatment normalized the MMP- @entity6930 imbalance. @entity35 subjected to t I/R had low total antioxidant capacity of the testis, decreased @entity224 dismutase activity, and increased oxidative DNA damage. Enhanced activities of @entity12276 , @entity4124 and PARP were also observed during t I/R. @entity670 reversed the t I/R-induced suppression of the @entity24805 / @entity1657 / @entity49547 pathway. @entity670 was also able to salvage the testicular structure and function through restoring the MMP- @entity6930 anti-proteolytic balance, suppressing @entity16 , alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis. The Notch pathway is partly involved in inhibiting the t I/R-induced @entity73 .

title: @entity670 alleviates testicular @entity63 and reperfusion injury-induced XXXX and oxidative stress by suppressing abnormal testicular matrix metalloproteinase system via the @entity24805 / @entity1657 / @entity49547 and @entity12276 pathways.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubular damage']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['Genistein', 'genistein']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['testicular impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogenic damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats', 'rat']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['spermatogenic damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of golimumab in @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-naive @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: @entity1500 -naive @entity1 with @entity309 (n = 637) were randomized to receive placebo plus @entity1500 (group 1), golimumab 100 mg plus placebo (group 2), golimumab 50 mg plus @entity1500 (group 3), or golimumab 100 mg plus @entity1500 (group 4). Subcutaneous injections of golimumab or placebo were administered every 4 weeks. The dosage of @entity1500 /placebo capsules started at 10 mg/week and escalated to 20 mg/week. The primary end point, the proportion of @entity1 meeting the American College of Rheumatology 50% improvement criteria (achieving an ACR50 response) at week 24, required significant differences between groups 3 and 4 combined (combined group) versus group 1 and significant differences in a pairwise comparison (group 3 or group 4 versus group 1). RESULTS: An intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis of the ACR50 response at week 24 did not show a significant difference between the combined group and group 1 (38.4% and 29.4%, respectively; P=0.053), while a post hoc modified ITT analysis (excluding 3 untreated @entity1 ) of the ACR50 response showed statistically significant differences between the combined group and group 1 (38.5% versus 29.4%; P=0.049) and between group 3 (40.5%; P=0.038) but not group 4 (36.5%; P=0.177) and group 1. Group 2 was noninferior to group 1 for the ACR50 response at week 24 (33.1%; 95% confidence interval lower bound -5.2%; predefined delta value for noninferiority -10%). The combination of golimumab plus @entity1500 demonstrated a significantly better response compared with placebo plus @entity1500 in most other efficacy parameters, including response/remission according to the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints. Serious adverse events occurred in 7%, 3%, 6%, and 6% of @entity1 in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although the primary end point was not met, the modified ITT analysis of the primary end point and other prespecified efficacy measures demonstrated that the efficacy of golimumab plus @entity1500 is better than, and the efficacy of golimumab alone is similar to, the efficacy of @entity1500 alone in reducing @entity309 signs and symptoms in @entity1500 -naive @entity1 , with no unexpected safety concerns.

title: Golimumab, a human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, injected subcutaneously every four weeks in @entity1499 -naive @entity1 with active @entity309 : twenty-four-week results of a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of golimumab before XXXX as first-line therapy for early-onset @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: @entity6824 is a growth factor that selectively promotes the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series. As part of a study on the role of cytokine and hematopoietic growth factors in central nervous system (CNS) development and @entity32 , we examined the expression of @entity6824 in dissociated glial cells cultured from @entity1 fetal CNS tissue. @entity6824 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed by astrocytes. The steady state level of @entity6824 mRNA was markedly up-regulated by both @entity1356 and @entity310 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas only a minimal increase was detected after stimulation with @entity558 . In unstimulated astrocyte cultures, @entity6824 protein levels gradually increased to 3.5-fold base-line values by 96 h and were significantly increased by all three stimulants in the order of IL-1 > or = TNF > @entity558 . Low levels of @entity6824 mRNA and protein were also detected in unstimulated microglia cultures. In contrast to astrocyte cultures, @entity6824 mRNA and protein increased significantly after stimulation with @entity558 , but changed only minimally after exposure to @entity310 or @entity1356 . The effect of @entity6824 on cell proliferation, morphology, and class II MHC Ag expression was determined in highly enriched cultures of microglia and astrocytes. Microglia treated with @entity6824 showed a modest level of proliferation and differentiation into rod-shaped cells, whereas neither cell number nor shape was changed in astrocyte cultures. Interestingly, marked inhibition of both basal and IFN gamma-induced class II MHC Ag expression was observed in microglial cells cultured in the presence of @entity6824 , whereas no effect was detected in astrocytes. These results suggest the possibility that in situ production of @entity6824 in the CNS may regulate normal glial cell development and contribute to the immunologic status of the CNS through the down-regulation of class II MHC expression.

title: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor in XXXX fetal astrocytes and microglia. Differential regulation by cytokines and lipopolysaccharide, and modulation of class II MHC on microglia.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We evaluated the usefulness and limitations in ultrasonography (US) for diagnosing neck lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 by comparing the results of preoperative US examinations with postoperative pathological findings following neck dissection. Seventy-five previously untreated @entity1 with @entity957 underwent a curative procedure that included neck dissection. Preoperatively, all @entity1 were examined by palpation, computed tomography (CT), and US. Postoperatively, all dissected neck lymph nodes were submitted for pathological examination. Results of pre-and postoperative examinations were then compared. US accuracy for each lymph node was 93.9%, while sensitivity was 78.0%, since @entity5 metastasizes early and easily to the neck lymph nodes, and it is difficult to detect small, pathologically positive nodes. Nine of 75 cases showed latent neck recurrence, and two of these were underestimated by US. The major cause for neck recurrence was considered to be the high rate of @entity3 in such cases, rather than a reduced dissection field. It is not rare to find very small, pathologically positive lymph nodes that US cannot detect in @entity5 . Efforts must therefore be expanded to improve the accuracy of US diagnosis. Care must also be taken when selecting cases for no or limited neck dissection.

title: [Usefulness and limitations in ultrasonography for diagnosing neck lymph node @entity3 in XXXX with @entity957 : comparison with pathological findings following neck dissection].

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We evaluated specimens obtained from the biopsy of spontaneously @entity397 tendons in 891 @entity1 who were treated between 1968 and 1989. The specimens, which were removed at the time of repair, included 397 Achilles tendons, 302 biceps brachii tendons, forty extensor pollicis longus tendons, eighty-two quadriceps tendons and patellar ligaments, and seventy other tendons. Age and sex-matched control specimens, from 445 tendons taken at the time of death from the cadavera of previously healthy individuals who died accidentally, also were obtained and evaluated. The histopathological analyses of the specimens included light and polarized light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A healthy structure was not seen in any spontaneously @entity397 tendon, but two-thirds of the control tendons were structurally healthy (p less than 0.001). There were characteristic histopathological patterns in the spontaneously @entity397 tendons. Most (97 per cent) of the pathological changes were degenerative; they included @entity179 , @entity528 , tendolipomatosis, and calcifying @entity924 , either alone or in combination. These changes were also found in 34 per cent of the control tendons, but significantly less frequently (p less than 0.001). In the other twenty-six @entity397 tendons (3 per cent), the pathological change was an intratendinous foreign body, @entity309 , a @entity4741 , a @entity5 , or a @entity5 -like lesion such as an intratendinous ganglion. The findings clearly indicate that, at least in an urban population, degenerative changes are common in the tendons of @entity1 who are older than thirty-five years and that these changes are associated with @entity1409 .

title: Histopathological changes preceding @entity1409 of a tendon. A controlled study of 891 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic degenerative tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['mucoid degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We encountered a case of an 83-year-old @entity1 with @entity884 . He had been diagnosed as having @entity337 with moderately calcified @entity886 years previously, and had received medication. He was admitted to our hospital because of @entity788 . He had high fever from the time of his admission and antibiotics produced no effect. @entity5132 was detected in arterial blood culture. We also detected antibody against @entity5132 , and investigated serum mannan and the @entity10499 creatinine ratio several times. We performed echo-cardiographic examination and recorded a vegetation at the aortic valve. Rising antibody titers against Candida albicans, mannan antigenemia and an elevated @entity1011 ratio were also observed. So we concluded that these examinations were also effective in the diagnosis of @entity6923 . Finally, this @entity1 died of @entity1779 and was autopsied. Macroscopic findings showed mass-like vegetation involving the aortic valve, and microscopic findings showed candida organisms scattered within the vegetation.

title: [A case of XXXX with consecutive measurement of serum mannan and @entity10499 concentrations].

entities_list: @entity10499 :: ('MESH:C014999', 'Chemical') :: ['D-arabinitol']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['candida infection']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve 5']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['candida endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['candida endocarditis']


abstract: The relationship between satellite cell mitotic activity and skeletal myofiber growth was examined in Pectoralis thoracicus and @entity427 muscles of Large White tom @entity233 (Nicholas strain) at 3, 6, 9, 18, and 26 wk of age. Mitotically active satellite cells were labeled with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ). Labeled satellite cells were identified on enzymatically isolated myofiber segments using mouse anti-BrdU followed by @entity2823 ( @entity2823 ) conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibodies. Myofiber nuclei (satellite cell nuclei + myonuclei) were counterstained with @entity2667 (PI). Myofiber segment diameter, myofiber segment length, and number of @entity2823 - and PI-labeled nuclei were determined for each segment. At each age interval there was an increase in myofiber diameter, suggesting that the myofibers were growing during the entire experimental period. There was an age-related (P < .001) decrease in satellite cell mitotic activity and an age-related increase (P < .001) in the cytoplasmic volume to nucleus ratio (CNR) from 3 to 26 wk of age. An early phase of myofiber growth, between 3 and 6 wk of age, was characterized by a high level of satellite cell mitotic activity and increased CNR. Between 6 and 9 wk of age, satellite cell mitotic activity decreased, but the CNR showed no change (P > .05). During a late phase of myofiber growth, beyond 9 wk of age, satellite cell mitotic activity continued to decrease and myofiber growth occurred by an increased CNR. This study demonstrated that both Pectoralis thoracicus and @entity427 undergo a significant late phase of growth without appreciable production of myonuclei by satellite cell proliferation.

title: Satellite cell mitotic activity in posthatch XXXX skeletal muscle growth.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2823 :: ('MESH:D016650', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'FITC']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['Biceps femoris']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the most common form of @entity303 and is characterized clinically by a gradual decline in cognitive performance, an increasingly impaired ability to perform activities of daily living, and @entity146 and behavioral disturbances. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of @entity11544 on the @entity146 and behavioral disturbances of nursing home residents with moderate to severe probable @entity195 and to evaluate the safety and tolerability of @entity11544 in this population. METHODS: This prospective, 26-week, open-label study was conducted in 13 centers in the United States and involved a total of 29 nursing homes. The effects of @entity11544 3 to 12 mg/d for 26 weeks were assessed in nursing home residents with moderate to severe probable @entity195 . Efficacy was evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home (NPI-NH) scale for @entity146 and behavioral disturbances; the Mini-Mental State Examination and the naming subset of the @entity195 Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale for cognitive performance; and the simplified Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input for global functioning. RESULTS: A total of 173 @entity1 (141 @entity1 , 32 @entity1 ; mean [SD]age, 82.6 [5.9] years) were enrolled. After 26 weeks of @entity11544 treatment, the mean (SD) change from baseline for all treated @entity1 in the observed cases population was -2.5 (16.4) (n = 100; P = 0.138); it was -0.8 (16.5) (n = 149; P = 0.576) for the last-observation-carried-forward population. @entity1 with at least 1 @entity146 symptom present at baseline showed a 3.2-point mean improvement in NPI-NH total score (n = 92; P = 0.062), with 49% of these @entity1 demonstrating a clinically meaningful (ie, > or = 30%) reduction from baseline. At 26 weeks, scores for 8 of the 12 @entity146 and behavioral disturbances in @entity1 with the specific symptom present at baseline showed statistically significant improvements from baseline (delusions [n = 32; P = 0.007], @entity1833 [n = 15; P < 0.001], agitation [n = 58; P = 0.044], apathy/indifference [n = 37; P < 0.001], @entity146 /lability [n = 50; P < 0.001], aberrant motor behavior [n = 32; P < 0.001], nighttime disturbances [n = 22; P < 0.001], and appetite/eating changes [n = 28; P = 0.002]) in the observed cases population. Limitations of this study include that it was open label and not restricted to @entity1 with behavioral disturbances at baseline. CONCLUSION: In the current study, @entity11544 treatment for 26 weeks in nursing home residents with moderate to severe probable @entity195 was associated with decreased NPI-NH item scores for a wide range of behavioral disturbances in the subgroup of @entity1 with behavioral symptoms at baseline.

title: Effects of XXXX treatment on the @entity146 and behavioral disturbances of nursing home residents with moderate to severe probable @entity195 : a 26-week, multicenter, open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric', 'irritability']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity11544 :: (MESH:C072506,Chemical) :: ['rivastigmine']