abstract: PURPOSE: For the treatment of @entity697 , a conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has been widely performed. Recently, the use of @entity302 ( @entity302 ) is increasing because it is believed to have advantages over conventional laparoscopic surgery. In this study, we compared @entity302 and a conventional LA. METHODS: We analyzed the 217 @entity1 who received laparoscopy-assisted appendectomies between August 2010 and April 2012 at Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital. One hundred-twelve @entity1 underwent @entity302 , and 105 @entity1 underwent LA. For the two groups, we compared the operation times, postoperative laboratory results, @entity282 , hospital stay, and @entity260 . RESULTS: The @entity1 ' demographics, including body mass index, were not significantly different between the two groups. There were 6 perforated @entity698 cases in the @entity302 group and 5 cases in the LA group. The mean operative time in the @entity302 group was 65.88    22.74 minutes whereas that in the LA group was 61.70    22.27 minutes (P = 0.276). There were no significant differences in the mean hospital stays, use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and wound infections between the two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity282 , complications and hospital stay showed no statistically significant differences between the @entity302 and the LA groups. However, our @entity302 method uses a single trocar and two latex tubes, so cost savings and reduced interference during surgery are expected.

title: Comparative study of a single-incision laparoscopic and a conventional laparoscopic appendectomy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['single incision laparoscopic surgery', 'SILS']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although intrathecal @entity681 has been reported to provide rapid-onset, complete @entity1337 lasting 1-3 h for the first stage of labor, no well-controlled double-blind study has compared this technique to the use of epidurally administered local anesthetics. METHODS: Fifty healthy parturient @entity1 requesting labor @entity1337 were studied. In a combined spinal-epidural technique, a spinal needle was inserted through the epidural needle before insertion of the epidural catheter. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either intrathecal @entity681 (10 micrograms) and epidural saline, or intrathecal saline and epidural @entity1341 (30 mg). Visual analog scores for @entity158 , blood pressure, heart rate, sensory levels, and the incidence of @entity390 , @entity111 , and motor blockade were recorded. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving intrathecal @entity681 had significantly lower visual analog @entity158 scores at 5, 15, and 30 min after injection and a greater duration of @entity1337 before requesting additional medication (mean 123 vs. 68 min for those receiving @entity1341 ; P < 0.05). These @entity1 also experienced @entity111 more frequently but motor blockade less frequently than @entity1 receiving epidural @entity1341 . The groups exhibited @entity51 to pin prick as well as @entity1168 and @entity551 with equal frequency. The length of labor and type of delivery were similar between the groups. No @entity1 experienced a post-dural puncture @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: The rapid onset of @entity1337 and lack of motor blockade from intrathecal @entity681 injection may be advantageous in certain clinical situations. With this technique, however, @entity111 is common; @entity551 may occur; and extensive dermatomal spread suggests that early-onset @entity1576 could occur. Therefore, blood pressure and respiratory adequacy should be monitored if intrathecal @entity681 is used.

title: Intrathecal XXXX compared to epidural @entity1341 for labor @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomal sensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity681 :: (MESH:D017409,Chemical) :: ['sufentanil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Repair of @entity339 ( @entity339 ) due to bileaflet prolapse poses many technical challenges. The late outcomes after repair are also not well characterized in this population. Published series have often included @entity1 with mixed causes of prolapse and/or lack long-term echocardiographic follow-up. @entity66 represents an important cause of bileaflet prolapse and @entity339 and, thus, served as the focus of the present study. METHODS: A total of 142 @entity1 , mean age 60.4    13.2 years, underwent mitral valve (MV) repair of bileaflet prolapse due to @entity66 from 2001 to 2010. Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 16 @entity1 (11%). All @entity1 were followed up by a dedicated MV clinic with a follow-up interval that extended up to 8.6 years. RESULTS: No hospital deaths occurred. Ring annuloplasty was used for all @entity1 . Additional MV repair techniques included chordal transfer in 73, a hybrid-flip-over technique in 23, @entity736 neochords in 26, edge-to-edge repair in 11, and commissuroplasty in 9. Prolapse involving more than 1 posterior leaflet scallop was observed in 103 @entity1 (73%), and prolapse of more than 1 anterior leaflet scallop was observed in 76 (54%). During follow-up, 4 @entity1 had @entity339 grade 2+ or greater, and 2 @entity1 required subsequent MV reoperation. The 5-year survival, freedom from recurrent @entity339 (>=  2+), and freedom from MV reoperation was 95.2%    2.8%, 92.6%    3.9%, and 94.0%    4.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: MV repair of bileaflet prolapse due to @entity66 is safe and durable. Successful repair often requires a combination of surgical repair techniques.

title: Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes after repair of mitral valve bileaflet prolapse due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous disease', 'Myxomatous disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['myxomatous disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To assess perioperative care in @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgery for gynaecological @entity5 and how it relates to post-operative (PO) complications and oral PO feeding. Ninety-one @entity1 undergoing major abdominal surgery for gynaecological @entity5 were enrolled. Data included @entity29 ( @entity29 ), prescribed diet, length of fast, start date of oral diet and progression of food consistency, anaesthetic technique, use of opioids and @entity5275 ( @entity5275 ). Outcomes evaluated were @entity390 , @entity391 and abdominal distension. The median pre-operative length of fast was 11.4  h. PO digestive complications occurred in 46.2% of the @entity1 . Median intraoperative total @entity5275 and crystalloids were significantly higher in @entity1 with abdominal distension during the first and second PO day. @entity29 with @entity2656 implied greater intraoperative @entity5275 and was significantly associated with a higher incidence of immediate PO @entity390 . @entity7441 was also associated with @entity344 . The best cut-off point for the cumulative fluid load PO for determining a longer PO hospital stay was 4  L. Performing @entity29 before surgery and excessive @entity5275 are factors related to major digestive complications in our study population. Changes in pre-operative fasting time and PO refeeding should be considered to reduce the @entity344 and PO recovery time.

title: Impact of perioperative care on the post-operative recovery of XXXX undergoing surgery for gynaecological @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['intravenous hydration', 'IH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['MBP', 'mechanical bowel preparation']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative IH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preclinical research indicate that vascular disrupting agent (VDA) treatment induces extensive @entity5 death but also a systemic mobilization of bone marrow derived cells including endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) leading to revascularization and renewed growth within the @entity41 . This study investigates if combination of VDA with the anti-angiogenic agent @entity2240 increases the treatment efficacy in a colorectal liver metastases @entity19 model. METHODS: CBA @entity19 with established liver metastases were given a single dose of @entity10192 at day 16 post @entity5 induction, a daily dose of @entity2240 starting at day 14 or day 16 post @entity5 induction or a combination of @entity2240 given daily from day 14 or day 16 post @entity5 induction in combination with a single dose of @entity10192 at day 16. Treatment was terminated at day 21 post @entity5 induction and its effects were assessed using stereological and immunohistochemical techniques. Long term effects were assessed in a survival study. RESULTS: Combination with long (7  day) @entity2240 treatment lead to liver @entity137 but this was ameliorated in the shorter (5  day) treatment without significantly altering the effects on @entity5 reduction. Combination treatment resulted in significant @entity5 , reduction in @entity5 vasculature, reduction in @entity5 proliferation, increase in @entity5 apoptosis and prolonged @entity19 survival compared to control and single arm treatments. Complete @entity5 eradication was not achieved. Redistribution of @entity3112 and strong up regulation of @entity14904 and @entity3111 were observed in the surviving @entity5 ; indicative of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a mechanism that could contribute to @entity5 resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Combination treatment significantly reduces viable @entity5 and prolongs animal survival. EMT in the surviving @entity5 may prevent total @entity5 eradication and could provide novel targets for a more lasting treatment.

title: Vascular disruptive agent @entity10192 and anti-angiogenic agent XXXX combination treatment prolong survival of @entity19 with CRC liver metastasis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'reduction of viable tumor']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['Sunitinib']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: TAZ ( @entity41592 ) and @entity5410 ( @entity5410 ) are critical transcriptional co-activators downstream of the hippo pathway involved in the regulation of organ size, tissue regeneration, proliferation and apoptosis. Recent studies suggested common and distinct functions of TAZ and @entity5410 and their diverse impact under several pathological conditions. Here, we report differential regulation of TAZ and @entity5410 in response to oxidative stress. @entity273 ( @entity5568 ) exposure leads to increased stability and activation of TAZ but not of @entity5410 . @entity5568 induces reversible s-glutathionylation at conserved @entity462 residues within TAZ. We further demonstrate that TAZ s-glutathionylation is critical for reactive @entity26 species (ROS) mediated TAZ-dependent TEAD transactivation. @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ), a physiological activator of @entity5410 and TAZ, induces ROS elevation and subsequently TAZ s-glutathionylation which promotes TAZ mediated target gene expression. TAZ expression is essential for renal homeostasis in @entity19 and we identify basal TAZ s-glutathionylation in @entity19 kidney lysates, which is elevated during @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. This induced nuclear localization of TAZ and increased expression of @entity1612 ( @entity1612 ). These results describe a novel mechanism by which ROS sustains total cellular levels of TAZ. This preferential regulation suggests TAZ to be a redox sensor of the hippo pathway.

title: @entity462 S-glutathionylation Promotes Stability and Activation of the Hippo Downstream Effector XXXX (TAZ).

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1612 :: ('14219(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CTGF', 'connective tissue growth factor']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity41592 :: ('97064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif']

answer: @entity41592 :: (97064(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the mechanism of chronic @entity63 -induced increased cavernosal smooth muscle contraction in an animal model of @entity323 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: New Zealand White @entity95 were divided into control (n = 6, fed with a regular diet), @entity753 (n = 9, fed with a diet containing 0.5% @entity165 ) and chronic @entity63 (CCI, n = 10, underwent balloon de-endothelialization of iliac arteries and received a diet containing 0.5% @entity165 ) groups. After 16 weeks, the relationship between iliac artery blood flow and cavernosal smooth muscle contraction was studied. The roles of cyclooxygenase and @entity842 (NO) pathways in chronic @entity63 -induced increased smooth muscle contraction were also examined. RESULTS: Iliac artery blood flow in the CCI group was significantly reduced compared with the control and @entity753 groups. @entity1007 alone did not affect cavernosal smooth muscle contraction. @entity731 -induced chronic cavernosal @entity9085 did not affect contraction to @entity1063 while causing a significant increase in electrical field stimulation-induced @entity2472 . Inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathway by @entity3352 decreased electrical field stimulation-induced contraction in all animals but failed to normalize the differences between CCI and control groups. In the presence of @entity3352 , @entity534 decreased electrical field stimulation-induced contraction in the control and @entity753 groups but not in the CCI group. In the presence of @entity3352 , treatment with @entity842 synthase (NOS) inhibitor, @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), increased electrical field stimulation-induced contraction in all groups. This effect of @entity7293 on smooth muscle contraction was significantly greater in the control and @entity753 groups compared with the CCI group. After tissue treatment with @entity7293 , the magnitude of contraction in cavernosal tissue from control and @entity753 groups was similar to those observed in the CCI group. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanism of chronic @entity63 -induced increased cavernosal smooth muscle contraction involves increased output of constrictor @entity1813 and impairment of the inhibitory influence of NO pathway in cavernosal tissue.

title: Relative roles of cyclooxygenase and XXXX synthase pathways in @entity63 -induced increased contraction of cavernosal smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['vasculogenic erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cavernosal ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic contraction']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity4512 is common and has been increasingly managed by opioid medications, of which the long-term efficacy is unknown. Furthermore, there is evidence that long-term use of opioids is associated with @entity158 control, declining physical function and quality of life, and could hinder the goals of integrated @entity158 management. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to be effective in reducing postoperative opioid consumption. Limited evidence suggests that acupuncture could assist @entity1 with @entity1118 to reduce their requirements for opioids.The proposed research aims to assess if EA is an effective adjunct therapy to standard @entity158 and medication management in reducing opioids use by @entity1 with chronic @entity4512 . METHODS: In this multicentre, randomised, sham-acupuncture controlled, three-arm clinical trial, 316 @entity1 regularly taking opioids for @entity158 control and meeting the defined selection criteria will be recruited from @entity158 management centres and clinics of primary care providers in Victoria, Australia. After a four-week run-in period, the @entity1 are randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups to receive EA, sham EA or no-EA with a ratio of 2:1:1. All @entity1 receive routine @entity158 medication management delivered and supervised by the trial medical doctors. Twelve sessions of semi-structured EA or sham EA treatment are delivered over 10 weeks. Upon completion of the acupuncture treatment period, there is a 12-week follow-up. In total, @entity1 are involved in the trial for 26 weeks. Outcome measures of opioid and non-opioid medication consumption, @entity158 scores and opioid-related adverse events are documented throughout the study. Quality of life, @entity308 , function, and attitude to @entity158 medications are also assessed. DISCUSSION: This randomised controlled trial will determine whether EA is of significant clinical value in assisting the management of debilitating @entity1118 by reducing opioids consumption and their associated adverse events, as well as improving the quality of life for those with @entity1118 . Such an outcome will provide the rationale for including EA into multidisciplinary programmes for effective management of chronic @entity4512 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12609000676213)http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?ID=308008.

title: Effect of electroacupuncture on opioid consumption in @entity1 with chronic XXXX : protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reduced pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Symptomatic umbilical and/or @entity547 are often seen concomitantly with rectus abdominis diastasis (RAD), and suture repair of such defects has a high recurrence rate. In the literature, there are reports of both endoscopic and open techniques for repair of symptomatic umbilical and/or @entity547 in association with RAD. This paper now reports on the early results of a hybrid technique used for reconstruction of the linea alba and mesh augmentation [endoscopic-assisted linea alba reconstruction plus mesh augmentation (ELAR plus)]. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 15 June 2015 and 31 January 2016, 40 @entity1 with symptomatic umbilical and/or @entity547 and concomitant RAD underwent reconstruction of the linea alba using a hybrid technique involving a small umbilical incision and the use of video-endoscopic equipment. The @entity1 comprised 29 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 with a mean age of 53.6   years and mean BMI of 32.6. The mean operating time was 120   min. The mesh had a mean longitudinal extension of 18.6   cm and transverse extension of 9.1   cm. RESULTS: Thirty-day follow-up results are available for all @entity1 . Thirty-seven out of 40 @entity1 (92.5%) experienced no @entity260 . Two cases of discrete impaired umbilical wound healing and one @entity2080 were successfully managed with conservative treatment. On 30-day follow-up, 3 out of 40 @entity1 (7.5%) complained of intermittent @entity158 on exertion, and 2 out of 40 @entity1 (5%) still took painkillers when required. CONCLUSION: ELAR plus is a novel minimally invasive procedure for repair of symptomatic umbilical and/or @entity547 with concomitant RAD. @entity41478 via a minimally invasive access route is able to restore the normal anatomy of the abdominal wall.

title: Endoscopic-Assisted Linea Alba Reconstruction plus Mesh Augmentation for Treatment of Umbilical and/or XXXX and Rectus Abdominis Diastasis - Early Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric hernias', 'epigastric hernia']

entities_list: @entity41478 :: ('MESH:C567402', 'Disease') :: ['Reconstruction of the linea alba']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Epigastric Hernias']


abstract: Calmodulins (CaMs) are the most ubiquitous @entity460 sensors in eukaryotes. A number of CaM-binding proteins have been identified through classical methods, and many proteins have been predicted to bind CaMs based on their structural homology with known targets. However, multicellular organisms typically @entity38065 ( @entity38065 ) proteins, and a global identification of their targets and specificity of interaction is lacking. In an effort to develop a platform for large-scale analysis of proteins in plants we have developed a protein microarray and used it to study the global analysis of CaM/ @entity38065 interactions. An @entity958 expression collection containing 1,133 ORFs was generated and used to produce proteins with an optimized medium-throughput plant-based expression system. Protein microarrays were prepared and screened with several CaMs/CMLs. A large number of previously known and novel CaM/ @entity38065 targets were identified, including transcription factors, receptor and intracellular protein kinases, F-box proteins, RNA-binding proteins, and proteins of unknown function. Multiple CaM/ @entity38065 proteins bound many binding partners, but the majority of targets were specific to one or a few CaMs/CMLs indicating that different CaM family members function through different targets. Based on our analyses, the emergent CaM/ @entity38065 interactome is more extensive than previously predicted. Our results suggest that @entity460 functions through distinct CaM/ @entity38065 proteins to regulate a wide range of targets and cellular activities.

title: Differential binding of calmodulin-related proteins to their targets revealed through high-density XXXX protein microarrays.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity38065 :: ('MESH:C565447', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'contain many CaM-like']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity715 is rare in the young, but can cause severe @entity458 that influences the quality of life and the coping capacities of these @entity1 . This study was meant to increase the understanding of self-perception, social and family functioning and ways of coping with the disease in young @entity1 after an episode of @entity715 . METHODS: Seven questionnaires spanning social and family functioning and ways of coping with disease were completed by 50 @entity1 < or = 45 years of age after a first episode of @entity49 . Data were compared with those of 39 healthy individuals with similar age, sex and level of education. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, young @entity1 with @entity715 had lower self-esteem, showed @entity73 in social activities and in familial relationships, and used more frequently coping strategies. Most @entity1 used all coping strategies, preferring the more active ones, but more @entity1 than controls used the passive ones, particularly "avoidance" and "religiosity". A correlation was found between the frequency of use of passive or negative coping strategies and some of the psychological, social and familial dimensions that scored more negatively. Greater @entity73 and differences in coping styles were found in @entity1 compared with @entity1 and in individuals < 34 years compared with those > or = 34 years. CONCLUSIONS: Young individuals with @entity715 develop psychological changes that influence their behaviour, quality of life and coping. This is particularly evident in @entity1 and in young @entity1 . Physicians dealing with @entity715 should be aware of this situation and offer psychological support.

title: Psychological impact of XXXX in the young.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['higher impairment', 'psychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous or arterial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity503 (CQ) continues to be the first-line medication used worldwide in the treatment of @entity3965 @entity311 . The dose recommended by the World Health Organization is 25  mg/kg independently of the age of the subject. Nonetheless, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in @entity1 are different from those in adults and may influence the drug concentrations in blood and become risk factors for therapeutic failure and/o resistance to CQ. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of the data from a clinical trial in which @entity1 over 5  years of age were administered 25  mg/kg of CQ, and CQ concentrations in blood were measured at day 7 of follow-up. Models of regression and comparison were used to evaluate and compare the CQ dose taken per kg/body weight, the CQ dose calculated based on body surface area, CQ levels in blood on day 7 and the age of the population. RESULTS: The younger the study population the greater the difference between the dose per kg/body weight (real dose) and that calculated according to the BSA (theoretical dose). The difference between the two doses was -181.206  mg in the 5-9  years of age group (CI 95  % -195.39; -167.02  mg) and -71.39  mg (CI 95  % -118.61; -23.99  mg) in the 10-14-year-old group. The CQ concentrations in blood on day 7 differed in @entity1 over and under 15  years (p  =  0.008). A negative correlation was found between the real and theoretical dose (difference in dose) and the age in years (R2  =  0.529, p  =  0.001). A negative correlation was also found between the difference in dose (mg) and CQ concentrations on day 7 (ng/ml) (r  =  -0.337, p  =  0.001). @entity1 under 15  years were found to have a higher rate of therapeutic failure than those over 15 (28 vs 4.2  %, respectively) (Kaplan-Meier p  =  0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity32293 dose of 25  mg/kg for the treatment of @entity3965 @entity311 may be too low in @entity1 as demonstrated by the reduction in CQ concentrations in blood at day 7 of follow-up. This under-dosage is probably associated with the higher rate of therapeutic failure found in @entity1 under 15  years (28 vs 4.3  %). These results suggest the need to review the paediatric doses of CQ currently used.

title: Evaluation of the paediatric dose of XXXX in the treatment of @entity3965 @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['P. vivax', 'Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloroquine']

answer: @entity503 :: (MESH:D002738,Chemical) :: ['chloroquine']


abstract: @entity1409 of @entity438 results in @entity510 . The primary goal of treatment of @entity438 is to prevent future @entity397 . Surgical clipping had been the mainstay of treatment of both ruptured and @entity438 . In 1991, Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization was introduced as an alternative method for treating selected @entity1 with @entity439 . The goal of the treatment is prevent the flow of blood into the @entity439 sack by filling the @entity439 with coils and @entity715 . Theoretically, there are several advantages of GDC over surgery. These procedures are performed under general anesthesia with the standard transfemoral approaches used in diagnostic angiography. Since its inception, GDC embolization has evolved as a result of both clinical experience and the introduction of technological improvements. We are now better at selecting @entity439 appropriate for coiling, which also have wide necks. Advances in GDC technology have also improved this method of treatment. Over the last several years, the number of coil sizes has been increased, multidimensional coils allowing safer initial coil placement have become available, and, more recently, softer coils have been introduced. Our current approach is to have both surgical and endovascular options for @entity1 .

title: Guglielmi detachable coiling for XXXX : the story so far.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['unruptured cerebral aneurysms', 'cerebral aneurysms typically', 'cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Tick-borne @entity198 is usually caused by infection with one of two flaviviruses: Russian spring summer @entity198 virus (RSSEV) or Central @entity17991 virus (CEEV). We previously demonstrated that gene gun inoculation of @entity19 with naked DNA vaccines expressing the prM and E genes of these viruses resulted in long-lived homologous and heterologous protective immunity (Schmaljohn et al., 1997). To further evaluate these vaccines, we inoculated @entity2608 by gene gun with the RSSEV or CEEV vaccines or with both DNA vaccines and compared resulting antibody titers with those obtained by vaccination with a commercial, @entity406 -inactivated vaccine administered at the @entity1 dose. Vaccinations were given at days 0, 30, and 70. All of the vaccines elicited antibodies detected by ELISA and by plaque-reduction neutralization tests. The neutralizing antibody responses persisted for at least 15 weeks after the final vaccination. Because monkeys are not uniformly susceptible to @entity17991 , the protective properties of the vaccines were assessed by passive transfer of monkey sera to @entity19 and subsequent challenge of the @entity19 with RSSEV or CEEV. One hour after transfer, @entity19 that received 50 microl of sera from monkeys vaccinated with both DNA vaccines had circulating neutralizing antibody levels <20-80. All of these @entity19 were protected from challenge with RSSEV or CEEV. @entity19 that received 10 microl of sera from monkeys vaccinated with the individual DNA vaccines, both DNA vaccines, or a commercial vaccine were partially to completely protected from RSSEV or CEEV challenge. These data suggest that DNA vaccines may offer protective immunity to primates similar to that obtained with a commercial inactivated-virus vaccine.

title: Evaluation of XXXX DNA vaccines in monkeys.

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['European encephalitis', 'tick-borne encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques']

answer: @entity17991 :: (MESH:D004675,Disease) :: ['tick-borne encephalitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies have shown that @entity1808 enhances sympathetic nervous transmission. The objective of the present study was to quantify the inhibitory effect of the @entity11154 blockers @entity9886 , @entity7056 and @entity9887 and the @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor @entity3371 on sympathetic neurotransmission and to compare the potency of these agents both at the presynaptic and the postsynaptic levels. DESIGN: In the male, normotensive pithed @entity35 model, we studied the effect of @entity9886 (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), @entity7056 (3, 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg), @entity9887 (0.3, 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) and @entity3371 (1.5, 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg) on electrical stimulation of the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord. To investigate the interaction between postsynaptic @entity1809 -receptors and alpha-adrenoceptors, the effects of these compounds on pressor responses to exogenous @entity1063 were studied. RESULTS: Stimulation of the thoracolumbar spinal cord caused a stimulation-frequency dependent @entity551 (DBP) that could be dose-dependently reduced by both @entity1809 receptor blockade and @entity1811 inhibition. Interestingly, the highest doses of the @entity1809 antagonists caused less than maximal reduction in the rise in DBP. This phenomenon was not observed after @entity1811 inhibition by @entity3371 . In experiments with exogenous @entity1063 , no effect of @entity1809 blockade or @entity1811 inhibition on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated blood pressure responses was seen. CONCLUSION: We conclude that, in the pithed @entity35 model, the effects of stimulation of the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord on DBP are counteracted by blockade of presynaptically located @entity1809 receptors. The order of potency concerning sympatico-inhibition is @entity9887 > @entity9886 > @entity7056 . Regarding the inhibition of @entity1808 -induced facilitation of sympathetic neurotransmission, marked differences were observed between selective @entity1809 blockade and @entity1811 inhibition. The finding that all three @entity1809 blockers cause less than maximal inhibition in their highest doses, as opposed to @entity3371 , suggests that this is a class effect of the @entity1809 antagonists.

title: Inhibition of @entity1808 -induced facilitation of sympathetic neurotransmission in the pithed XXXX : a comparison between @entity9886 , @entity7056 , @entity9887 , and @entity3371 .

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['rise in diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: From December 1986 to January 1988, 100 General Practitioners and Pneumologists working outside hospital included in open unmatched series 275 @entity1 who were diagnosed as having @entity55 at home. The study consisted of 53.2% @entity1 with an average age of 49.3 plus or minus 19.3. Their temperature on the first day (J1) was in 72.7% of cases greater than 38.5 degrees Centigrade. The doctors felt that the general state was good in 66.5% of the cases. Cough was present in 83.5% of cases but was dry in one out of every two. The @entity1 received @entity115 in a dose of 2 grams per day orally (66.9%), or by injection (33.1%). On the third day (J3) 90% of the @entity1 had a temperature below 38.5 degrees Centigrade. Their general state was improved in 94.6% of cases. The diagnosis of @entity55 at home was confirmed radiologically on 219 of the films available, confirming the good specificity of the clinical diagnosis of @entity55 at home. Ten @entity1 were hospitalised. The apparent treatment of @entity115 was given in 247 cases (89.8% of cases). In 28 cases (10.2%) the treatment was changed by the addition or substitution of a @entity7646 (15), or another antibiotic (5), and in 80 cases a change of treatment was not specified. 25 of these 28 cases were reviewed on the 14th day (J14) and no failures were observed after the change of treatment. In 247 @entity1 in whom the treatment with @entity115 was followed 336 were reviewed on the 15th day and there had been four failures. Three were intolerant to the drug and there was one relapse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX as a 1st choice: 275 acute focal pneumopathies treated on an outpatient basis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['Macrolide']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['Amoxicillin']


abstract: The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify clinical similarities and differences in @entity1 with @entity39357 and @entity546 . Thirty @entity1 who were referred to an outpatient clinic for psychosomatic gynecology and sexology, with either of these two diagnoses, were investigated by means of a standardized interview, physical examination and self-rating questionnaires. Based on the interview, no significant differences were demonstrated between @entity1 with @entity39357 and @entity546 , in the ability to insert a finger into the vagina or to have a gynecological examination. No differences were found in the reported level of @entity158 during coitus (or attempted coitus), inserting one finger into the vagina, or during gynecological examination. @entity1 with @entity39357 , however, more often reported that coitus was impossible. The physical examination and self-rating questionnaires showed no differences at all between @entity1 with @entity39357 and @entity546 in palpated @entity3986 and reported @entity148 or @entity2701 during the examination. Moreover, in both groups redness and @entity158 areas on the vulva were equally common. Redness and @entity158 on the same location were more frequently present in the @entity546 group. @entity1 with @entity546 reported higher levels of @entity158 during the examination. In conclusion, neither the interview nor the physical examination produced useful criteria to distinguish @entity39357 from @entity546 . A multi-axial description of these syndromes is suggested, rather than viewing them as two separate disorders.

title: @entity39357 and XXXX : is there a difference in clinical presentation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal muscular tension']

entities_list: @entity39357 :: ('MESH:D052065', 'Disease') :: ['vaginismus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['dyspareunia']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to report the long-term follow-up result of allograft reconstruction of segmental defect of the humeral head associated with @entity2065 . Six @entity1 underwent operative management of defects of the humeral head involving 40% of the articular surface, following posterior dislocation of the humeral head. The period of time between dislocation and surgery ranged from 7 to 8 weeks. The defect in the head was filled with an allogeneic segment of humeral head contoured to restore the spherical shape. All the @entity1 returned to their occupation 4 months later. All the cases were evaluated clinically and by radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scan at a mean of 122 (96-144) months after the operative procedure. Three @entity1 had no complaints of @entity158 , instability, clicking or catching, whereas three had @entity158 , clicking, catching and @entity2693 . The three @entity1 with good clinical result showed also good radiographic result. The computed tomography (CT) confirmed incorporation of the allograft and no @entity571 . Another @entity1 had a good clinical and radiographic result until the eighth postoperative year. At 8-year follow-up examination, this @entity1 developed shoulder @entity571 and he had @entity158 and @entity2693 . He needed an arthroplasty 10 years after the operation. The other two @entity1 developed collapse of the graft and @entity571 that were yet evident at 4-year follow-up. These @entity1 required a shoulder arthroplasty 8 years after the procedure. We conclude that the treatment of segmental defects of the humeral head associated with posterior dislocations of the shoulder by allograft reconstruction has a good long-term follow-up result in 50% of the @entity1 .

title: Long-term follow-up of allograft reconstruction of segmental defects of the humeral head associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['posterior dislocation of the shoulder']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['posterior dislocation of the shoulder']


abstract: Spinal neurons in the lamprey have been subjected to a voltage clamp analysis of the excitatory currents generated during fictive locomotion with particular reference to the phasic activation of voltage dependent @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors. Voltage-clamped neurons observed during @entity143 -induced fictive swimming show excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents in phase with the ipsilateral and contralateral ventral root discharges, respectively. The excitatory synaptic currents showed a marked voltage dependence suggesting that potential sensitive conductances such as the @entity143 ionophore are involved in the synaptic events underlying rhythmic locomotor activity. The effect of @entity143 receptor activation during application of @entity1022 has also been analyzed during @entity143 -induced @entity8553 . Such @entity143 -induced oscillations are essentially abolished during the voltage clamp. In the presence of @entity143 current voltage plots reveal a negative slope conductance in the potential range of the inherent oscillations. The addition of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ) to @entity143 solution enhanced a net steady state inward current by more than 10-fold due to a partial block of the outward currents. A kinetic analysis was done with a frequency domain technique using a white noise stimulus to linearly perturb the membrane potential over a wide range of frequencies. The analysis revealed that the induced negative conductance leads to a response which is nearly 180 degrees out of phase with the stimulus at low frequencies. This is an unstable condition which leads to the depolarizing phase of the induced oscillations.

title: Voltage clamp analysis of lamprey neurons--role of XXXX receptors in fictive locomotion.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethyl ammonium']

entities_list: @entity8553 :: ('MESH:C565779', 'Disease') :: ['pacemaker-like oscillations']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: The high risk of sustaining subsequent @entity174 after an initial @entity174 cannot be explained solely by low bone mass. Extra-osseous factors, such as neuromuscular characteristics may help to explain this clinical dilemma. Elderly @entity1 with (n = 11) and without (n = 14) @entity3604 performed rapid shoulder flexion to perturb the trunk while standing on a flat and short base. Neuromuscular postural responses of the paraspinal muscles at T6 and T12, and deep lumbar multifidus at L4 were recorded using intramuscular electromyography (EMG). Both groups demonstrated bursts of EMG that were initiated either before or shortly after the onset of shoulder flexion (P < 0.05). Paraspinal and multifidus onset occurred earlier in the non- @entity174 group (50-0 ms before deltoid onset) compared to the @entity174 group (25 ms before and 25 ms after deltoid onset) in the flat base condition. In the short base condition, EMG amplitude increased significantly above baseline earlier in the non- @entity174 group (75-25 ms before deltoid onset) compared to the @entity174 group (25-0 ms before deltoid onset) at T6 and T12; yet multifidus EMG increased above baseline earlier in the @entity174 group (50-25 ms before deltoid) compared to the non- @entity174 group (25-0 ms before deltoid). Time to reach maximum amplitude was shorter in the @entity174 group. Hypothetically, the longer time to initiate a postural response and shorter time to reach maximum amplitude in the @entity174 group may indicate a neuromuscular contribution towards subsequent @entity174 aetiology. This response could also be an adaptive characteristic of the central nervous system to minimise vertebral loading time.

title: Paraspinal muscle control in XXXX with @entity3604 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Dissociated dorsal root ganglion neuron growth cones and somata from neonatal @entity35 were voltage and current clamped with the use of the perforated-patch whole cell configuration to study the occurrence and properties of slow hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih) at both regions. Under voltage-clamp conditions Ih, blockable by 2 mM extracellular @entity6928 , was present in 33% of the growth cones tested. Its steady-state activation as a function of voltage could be fitted with a single Boltzmann function with a midpoint potential of -97 mV. The time course of current activation could be best described by a double-exponential function. The magnitude of the fully activated conductance was 3.5 nS and the reversal potential amounted to -29 mV. At the soma, Ih was found in 80% of the somata tested, which is much higher than occurrence at the growth cone. The steady-state activation curve of Ih at the soma, fitted with a single Boltzmann function, had a midpoint potential of -92 mV, which was more positive than that in the growth cone. The double-exponential activation of the current was faster than in the growth cone. The fully activated conductance of 5.1 nS and the reversal potential of -27 mV were not significantly different from the values obtained at the growth cone. Membrane hyperpolarization by current-clamp pulses elicited depolarizing sags in 30% and 78% of the tested growth cones and somata, respectively, which is in agreement with our voltage-clamp findings. Termination of the hyperpolarizing current pulse evoked a transient membrane depolarization or an action potential at both sites. Application of 2 mM extracellular @entity6928 hyperpolarized the membrane potential reversibly by approximately 5 mV and blocked the depolarizing sags and action potentials following the current injections at these regions. Thus Ih contributes to the resting membrane potential and modulates the excitability of both the growth cone and the soma. Intracellular perfusion with the second messenger @entity268 ( @entity268 ) was only possible at the soma by the use of the conventional whole cell configuration. Addition of 100 microM @entity268 to the pipette solution shifted the midpoint potential of the Ih activation curve from -108 to -78 mV. The current activation time course was also accelerated. The reversal potential and the fully activated conductance underlying Ih were not changed by @entity268 . These results imply that @entity268 primarily affects the gating kinetics of Ih. Our results show for the first time quantitative differences in Ih properties and occurrence at the growth cone and soma membrane. These differences may reflect differences in intracellular @entity268 concentration and in the expression of Ih.

title: Hyperpolarization-activated currents in the growth cone and soma of neonatal XXXX dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture.

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate", 'cAMP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To focus attention on the management and outcome of @entity1 with @entity5 of the pancreas. DESIGN: Retrospective study and analysis of published reports. SETTING: University hospital, France. SUBJECTS: 111 @entity1 (101 published cases and our own 10 cases) divided in two groups: the first including @entity5 (n = 46), and the second group benign or in situ @entity5 (n = 61). In 4 @entity1 the @entity5 was not known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Resectability, mortality and recurrence. RESULTS: More @entity1 had benign or in situ @entity5 [48/61 (79%) compared with 28/46 (61%), p = 0.054]. @entity788 was more common among benign than @entity5 [34/61 (58%) compared with 21/46 (46%), p = 0.33]. In group I, 39 @entity1 had @entity6 . A total of 107 @entity1 were operated on: pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 54, 50%), distal pancreatectomy (n = 25, 23%), total pancreatectomy (n = 4,4%), bypass (n = 2,2%). The type of resection was not mentioned in 22 records (21%). Four @entity1 were not operated on because of their poor general condition. The resectability rate was 98% (105/107). Eleven @entity1 had died at the time of publication. Hospital mortality rate was 3% (n = 3), mainly because 2 of the 4 who had total pancreatectomy died. With a median follow-up of 37 months, recurrence was 5% (n = 5). CONCLUSION: Intraductal @entity5 of the pancreas are well known distinctive @entity5 that are usually intraductal but may develop into @entity189 . They should be resected, and have a good prognosis and low recurrence rate.

title: Management of XXXX of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'type of tumour', 'papillary mucinous tumours', 'tumours', 'intraductal papillary mucinous tumours', 'pancreatic tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ribosome recycling factor (RRF), in concert with elongation factor EF-G, is required for disassembly of the post-termination complex of a ribosome after the release of polypeptides. How RRF dissociates the complex has long been puzzling. Crystal structures of RRF molecules have been solved recently and shown to mimic a transfer RNA (tRNA) shape, which prompted us to examine whether RRF binds to the ribosome as tRNA does. RESULTS: The formation of ribosome complexes on the surface-coupled RRF and elongation factor EF-G of @entity526 was monitored in real time with a BIACORE 2000 instrument based on the surface plasmon resonance technique. RRF interacted with 70S ribosomes as well as 50S and 30S subunits, although it interacted preferentially with 50S subunits, which was clearly seen under high but physiological ionic conditions. This 50S interaction was diminished by a single @entity535 substitutions for @entity534 132 of RRF, which did not appreciably affect the protein folding but nullified the activity in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, a set of antibiotics that inhibited the RRF-50S interaction were also inhibitory to the polysome breakdown activity of RRF in vitro. The BIACORE technique also worked very well in demonstrating the action of the antibiotics @entity6547 and @entity12119 , which are inhibitory to the RRF function by freezing the pre- and post-translocation intermediates catalysed by EF-G. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the preferential interplay of RRF with the 50S subunit may be of biological significance, probably reflecting the mode of RRF action. The BIACORE technique proved useful for real-time monitoring of the interaction between the ribosome and translation factors, as well as for screening of potential inhibitors for ribosome recycling factor.

title: Interaction of ribosome recycling factor and elongation factor EF-G with XXXX ribosomes studied by the surface plasmon resonance technique.

entities_list: @entity12119 :: ('MESH:D005672', 'Chemical') :: ['fusidic acid']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6547 :: ('MESH:D013883', 'Chemical') :: ['thiostrepton']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Open surgery has been the mainstay treatment for liver @entity8434 in the past. Today, for treatment of simple and uncomplicated cysts, we have a variety of choices: antihelmintic therapy, the PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, and respiration) technique, and the laparoscopic approach. We reviewed our series of 267 cases of @entity99 submitted to surgery over a period of 20 years, from 1995 through 2014, comparing the results of these minimally invasive treatments. METHODS: In 92 @entity1 (25.7% of cases) who presented with complicated liver hydatid cysts, we performed open surgery. In 16.4% of cases (59 @entity1 ), we used a laparoscopic approach, and in 208 @entity1 (57.9% of cases), we used the PAIR technique. All @entity1 were monitored after surgery for a mean of 61.7 months (range, 16-127). Postoperative follow-up consisted of clinical examination, laboratory investigation, abdominal ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Almost all @entity1 (198, 95.2%) treated with the PAIR technique and 55 @entity1 (93.2%) treated with the laparoscopic approach were cured. Six @entity1 (2.8%) from the echo-guided puncture group had to undergo a repeat of the procedure because the cavity did not disappear after 2 years. In 4 @entity1 (2%), we performed open surgery for 2 @entity99 . Four @entity1 from the laparoscopic group needed additional procedures. Open surgery was necessary in 2 @entity1 for a recurrence after 2 years; 1 @entity1 had developed a @entity5572 and the other had a @entity3116 . CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, open surgery remains the viable option for complicated cysts, with biliary communication, with multiple daughter vesicles, or with calcified walls. For simple, uncomplicated hydatid cysts, both methods (the PAIR technique and laparoscopic procedure) are safe and efficient, with very good results and low morbidity rates.

title: Minimally Invasive Treatment of Liver XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['hydatidosis']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hydatidosis', 'biliary fistulas and 2 hepatic abscesses']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['Hydatidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity788 is a lethal disease that offers little chance of long-term survival for @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 . Surgery remains the most effective means of attaining prolonged survival, yet its role remains limited. Regional chemotherapy has been described for @entity1 with @entity788 , including reports of objective @entity5 regression allowing for @entity5 resection in previously unresectable cases. However, comprehensive data have not been reviewed to date. METHODS: A review of the literature from 1995 to 2010 was performed to analyze the results of regional chemotherapy administered to @entity1 with advanced @entity788 . Reports of individual cases, postoperative regional therapy, and treatment of mixed @entity5 types were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-one reports of 895 total @entity1 with @entity788 were reviewed. Greater than 95% of the @entity1 had stage III or IV @entity420 . Objective response rates ranged from nil to 58%, with associated median survivals of 4 to 22 months. Low-grade @entity1503 were not uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: Regional chemotherapy can be administered safely to @entity1 with @entity788 but with unclear benefit. Advanced @entity788 converted to resectable status by the use of regional chemotherapy may improve @entity1 survival.

title: Expanding surgical treatment of XXXX : the role of regional chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) is a condition in which the prostate gland becomes enlarged. Some @entity1 with enlarged prostate glands may experience symptoms while some may have few symptoms. Symptomatic improvement determines the successful outcome of surgical procedure of TURP for clinical @entity1067 @entity1 . Objectives of this study were to assess the outcome of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in clinical @entity1067 with the help of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). METHODS: This was descriptive case series study conducted at the Department of Urology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from November 2009 to April 2010. All @entity1 who underwent TURP for clinical @entity1067 were included in the study. Their preoperative IPSS was done by asking irritative and obstructive symptoms. IPSS was calculated for @entity1 who presented with urinary retention by asking lower urinary tract symptoms before urinary retention. Each symptom carried a score of 0-5, and the total score was 35. After the TURP, IPSS was calculated on 1st follow-up visit after 6 weeks and 2nd follow-up visit after 12 weeks. Outcome, was considered favourable if there was mild grade (IPSS < 7) on 12th week after @entity37953 . RESULTS: Total of 70 @entity1 of clinical @entity1067 were included in study. Mean age of the @entity1 was 63.1 +/- 3.0 yrs. Outcome of transurethral resection of prostate was found to be favourable in 81.4% after 6 weeks in 1st follow-up visit and in 62 (88.6%) @entity1 after 12 weeks in second follow-up visit. Preoperatively mean IPSS was 22.5 and postoperatively mean IPSS was 6.5. CONCLUSION: TURP is an effective and gold standard surgical treatment option in the clinical @entity1067 @entity1 .

title: Outcome of transurethral resection of prostate in clinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['Benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Insecticide treated materials remain the mainstay for @entity311 prevention. The current study reports on the entomological impact of @entity317 impregnated bed nets on @entity311 transmission in Mbandjock, a semi urban locality in southern Cameroon. Several findings pertaining to the recent distribution of LLINs across Cameroon are discussed. METHODS: Malaria transmission and vector bionomics were monitored before and after impregnated net coverage. Bed nets were distributed in Mbandjock, whereas the locality of Nkoteng was free of bed nets during the entire study period. January to June 1997 represented the period before bed net coverage and September 1997 to September 1998 was the period after bed net coverage. Adult mosquitoes were collected by @entity1 landing catches. Mosquito genus and species were identified with morphological and molecular diagnostic tools. Anopheline salivary glands and ovaries were dissected to determine female infectious status and parity rates respectively. RESULTS: A total of 6959 anophelines corresponding to 6029 in Mbandjock and 930 in Nkoteng were collected in the course of the study. Seven species were recorded in both cities : Anopheles coustani, An. funestus, An. gambiae sl, An. moucheti, An. ziemanni, An. nili and An. paludis. An. gambiae s.l. (>95% An. gambiae S molecular form) was the most abundant species representing 75.6% and 86.6% of the total anophelines caught in Mbandjock before and after bed net coverage respectively. The @entity1 biting rate (HBR) in Mbandjock decreased from 17 bites/ @entity1 /night before bed net coverage to less than 4 bites/ @entity1 /night during the first 7 months following impregnated bed net coverage. A significant decrease of mosquito parity rate was recorded when comparing the period before (52%) and after (46.5%) bed net distribution. The average infection rate of @entity311 vectors significantly decreased from 5.3% before to 1.8% after bed net coverage (p < 0.0001). The entomological inoculation rate in Mbandjock was reduced by 74% varying from 124.1 infected bites/ @entity1 /year before bed net distribution, to 32.5 infected bites/ @entity1 /year after bed net coverage. All entomological indexes were relatively stable in Nkoteng and no reduction of @entity311 transmission was recorded in this locality. CONCLUSION: The study confirms the effectiveness of @entity317 impregnated nets in reducing @entity311 transmission. Lessons from this study could be essential to draw guidelines for the management of the recent nationwide distribution of LLINs across Cameroon in 2011.

title: Impact of @entity317 (Solfac EW050) impregnated bed nets on XXXX transmission in the city of Mbandjock : lessons for the nationwide distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Cameroon.

entities_list: @entity317 :: ('MESH:C052570', 'Chemical') :: ['cyfluthrin']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antenatal corticosteroids administered to @entity1 at risk of @entity600 is an intervention which has been proved to reduce the risk of @entity649 , @entity548 , and neonatal mortality. There is a significant gap in the literature regarding the prevalence of the use of antenatal corticosteroids in Latin American countries and the attitudes and opinions of providers regarding this practice. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care providers regarding the use of antenatal corticosteroids in @entity1 at risk of @entity600 in Latin America. METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective, descriptive study conducted in maternity hospitals in Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico and Uruguay. Physicians and midwives who provide prenatal care or intrapartum care for @entity1 delivering in the selected hospitals were approached using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used. RESULTS: The percentage of use of ACT in @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ) reported by providers varies from 70% in Mexico to 97% in Ecuador. However, 60% to 20% of the providers mentioned that they would not use this medication in @entity1 at risk and would limit its use when there was a @entity3152 . In only one country recommended regimens of antenatal corticosteroids are followed by around 90% of providers whereas in the other three countries recommended regimens are followed by only 21%, 61%, 69% of providers. Around 40% of providers mentioned that they would administer a new dose of corticosteroids again, regardless the @entity1 already receiving an entire regimen. Between 11% and 35% of providers, according to the countries, mentioned that they do not have adequate information on the correct use of this medication. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the use of this intervention could be improved by increasing the knowledge of Latin American providers on its indications, benefits, and regimens.

title: Use of antenatal corticosteroids for XXXX in Latin America: providers knowledge, attitudes and practices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['threatened preterm labour', 'TPL']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: GOALS: Our aim was to study the prevalence of @entity1141 and progression to @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity420 ( @entity420 ) in @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ) with @entity355 ( @entity355 ) and compare it with that of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) controls. BACKGROUND: @entity355 , a precursor of @entity420 , is a disease of predominantly white @entity1 and is uncommon in @entity3004 . The prevalence of @entity1141 and progression to @entity1893 and @entity420 in @entity3004 @entity1 with @entity355 is not clearly known. STUDY: All @entity3004 or @entity62 @entity1 with confirmed @entity355 , that is specialized intestinal metaplasia, seen between 2002 and 2013 at our institution were included. Variables such as age, gender, medication use, the body mass index, the date of endoscopy, the @entity357 size, the @entity355 length, and histologic findings were noted. Progression to @entity1893 / @entity420 was evaluated. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity3004 and 2394 @entity62 @entity1 with @entity355 were identified. There was a higher percentage of @entity1 in the @entity3004 cohort (46.2%) than in the @entity62 cohort (24.9%, P<0.001). Nondysplastic @entity355 was more prevalent in @entity3004 than in @entity62 (80.8% vs. 68.4%, P=0.058). In the surveillance cohort of 20 @entity3004 and 991 @entity62 , no racial differences in progression to @entity1893 / @entity420 were observed during a median follow-up of 43 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study includes the largest number of @entity3004 with histologically confirmed @entity355 reported so far. About 46.2% of the @entity3004 cohort with @entity355 in our study consisted of @entity1 . There was a trend toward a higher prevalence of nondysplastic @entity355 in @entity3004 compared with @entity62 .

title: Racial Disparity in the Sex Distribution, the Prevalence, and the Incidence of @entity1141 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'African Americans']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['NHW', 'non-Hispanic white']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's Esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic surgery for @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: Among the 260 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic procedures, including laparoscopic liver resection and laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (LRFA), between September 2003 and December 2009, 107 @entity1 with @entity157 were included in this retrospective study. According to @entity5 multiplicity, @entity1 were divided into multiple lesion (n = 23) and single lesion (n = 84) groups. We compared the operative outcomes after the laparoscopic procedures between the single and multiple @entity5 groups. RESULTS: There was no difference in the clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups, except the multiple group had more frequent previous history of preoperative transarterial chemoembolization. LRFA was more frequently used in the multiple group as compared with the single group. There was no postoperative mortality in either group. Application of laparoscopic surgery in the multiple group did not increase the operative time, rate of intraoperative transfusion, length of postoperative hospital stay, or @entity260 , as compared with the single group. After median follow-up of 33.7 months, there was no statistically significant difference of the survival rates between the two groups, although there was a better disease-free survival rate in the single group. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that laparoscopic surgery, including LH and LRFA, can be safely applied to @entity1 with multiple HCCs, and the survival outcomes are acceptable.

title: Laparoscopic approach for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'multiple hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['multiple hepatocellular carcinomas']


abstract: A 13-year-old Quarterhorse mare had a 6-month history of @entity294 , progressive @entity353 , and lethargy. At presentation the mare was hirsute, had @entity1119 , and abnormal fat distribution in addition to severe @entity294 . A presumptive clinical diagnosis of @entity6518 and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction was made. @entity784 was diagnosed in a rectal biopsy specimen. The owner elected to euthanize the mare because of poor prognosis and the severity of the disease. At necropsy, the mare had @entity12737 and the pituitary gland was diffusely enlarged. Histologically, neoplastic lymphocytes infiltrated the gastrointestinal mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the pituitary gland. In addition, there was @entity1373 of the pituitary gland pars intermedia. @entity977 was not present. @entity12737 in this case could have been triggered by a combination of @entity1412 of pars intermedia and lymphoma resulting in disruption of the hypothalamic dopaminergic tone or disruption of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center.

title: @entity12737 in a horse with XXXX and pituitary involvement.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrichosis', 'hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['protein-losing enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous hyperplasia']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['alimentary T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rituximab improves articular symptoms in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and it recently has been shown to be an effective induction therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated @entity1333 . We assessed the efficacy and safety of rituximab in a real-life clinical setting among @entity1 with @entity12299 ( @entity12299 ). METHODS: We analyzed data from the AutoImmunity and Rituximab registry, which includes @entity1 with @entity792 treated with rituximab. RESULTS: Of the 1,994 @entity1 with @entity309 enrolled in the registry, 17 were treated with rituximab for active @entity12299 . At baseline, the mean Birmingham @entity1333 Activity Score for @entity309 (BVAS/ @entity309 ) was 9.6, with a mean @entity229 dosage of 19.2 mg/day. After 6 months of rituximab therapy, 12 @entity1 (71%) achieved complete remission of their @entity1333 , 4 had a partial response, and 1 died with uncontrolled @entity1333 . Mean BVAS/ @entity309 was reduced to 0.6 and mean @entity229 dosage to 9.7 mg/day. At 12 months, 14 @entity1 (82%) were in sustained complete remission. Severe @entity281 occurred in 3 @entity1 , corresponding to a 6.4 per 100 @entity1 -years rate. In the 6 @entity1 who received further rituximab as maintenance therapy between months 6 and 12, no relapse of @entity1333 was observed. However, among the 9 @entity1 who did not, a relapse was observed in 3 @entity1 who were treated with @entity1499 alone. Remission was reestablished by reintroducing rituximab in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Complete remission of @entity12299 was achieved in nearly three-fourths of @entity1 receiving rituximab in daily practice, with a significant decrease in daily @entity229 dosage and an acceptable @entity137 profile. Rituximab represents a suitable therapeutic option to induce remission in @entity12299 , but maintenance therapy seems to be necessary.

title: Rituximab therapy for systemic @entity1333 associated with XXXX : Results from the AutoImmunity and Rituximab Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity12299 :: ('MESH:D056653', 'Disease') :: ['SRV', 'systemic rheumatoid vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Few studies have assessed @entity851 ( @entity851 ) in the @entity1316 ( @entity1316 ) in a large number of @entity1 with @entity64 . In this study, @entity851 was assessed in @entity64 @entity1 with severe @entity1269 , and its relationship to clinical parameters was examined. METHODS: The @entity1 were 72 @entity1 with chronic @entity64 . @entity851 of both the @entity1316 and the unaffected hemisphere (UH) was assessed. The relationships between @entity851 and the location of lesion, time from onset, and finger function were studied. Motor function of the paretic finger was assessed with the @entity64 Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS) and the Fugl-Meyer test upper extremity motor score. To compare the results with those of healthy subjects, @entity851 was assessed in seven age-matched control subjects. RESULTS: MEPs of the UH were evoked in all 72 subjects, and MEPs of the @entity1316 were evoked in 24 subjects. @entity851 of the @entity1316 was inversely correlated with paretic finger motor function and time from @entity64 onset. @entity851 of the UH was not correlated with either one. @entity851 of the UH was higher in the cortical lesion group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The state of intracortical inhibitory neuron activity depends on the state of motor function and lesion site even in @entity64 @entity1 with severe @entity1269 . SIGNIFICANCE: The inhibitory system of the @entity1316 is involved in functional recovery of the paretic hand even in the chronic stage of @entity64 .

title: State of intracortical inhibitory interneuron activity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short intracortical inhibition', 'SICI']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke', 'hemiparetic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['AH', 'affected hemisphere']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity158 is one of the few drawbacks of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in @entity1 with nodular @entity1374 (NTD). @entity3303 / @entity5403 cream, an eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics ( @entity5404 ), is a frequently used topical anaesthetic. Despite its well-documented efficacy for the relief of @entity158 associated with other cutaneous procedures that involve needle insertion, the analgesic role of @entity5404 has not been previously reported in @entity1 with NTD who are undergoing @entity400 . The aim of this study was to determine the analgesic efficacy of @entity5404 for @entity400 -associated @entity158 in @entity1 with NTD. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. @entity1 : The study was conducted at a thyroid outpatient clinic. We studied 99 @entity1 with NTD. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 with NTD were allocated to receive either 2.5 g of @entity5404 (n = 50) or placebo (n = 49) 60 min before ultrasonographically guided @entity400 . A series of four biopsies of each nodule was performed. @entity1 rated @entity158 associated with the procedure according to a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS), an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), and 4-category verbal rating scale (VRS). RESULTS: When the @entity5404 group was compared with the placebo group, there were no significant differences with respect to age, sex, thyroid volume, nodule size or nodule site. Significant differences were noted in the @entity158 ratings of the two groups according to all three @entity158 scales. When the effectiveness of @entity5404 was compared with that of placebo, the mean VAS score was 25.0 +/- 22.3 mm vs. 40.0 +/- 30.5 mm (P = 0.006) and the mean NRS score was 2.9 +/- 2.3 points vs. 4.0 +/- 2.6 points (P = 0.02). The absolute numbers according to VRS score in each group was also significantly different (P = 0.01). Although our sample size was small, the data suggest that @entity400 -associated @entity158 was sex-related and that @entity1 were significantly more sensitive than were @entity1 (P = 0.003 for VAS score and P = 0.001 for NRS score). No adverse effects from the use of @entity5404 were reported. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that a topical anaesthetic, @entity5404 , provides an effective and noninvasive analgesia during the @entity400 of NTD.

title: The analgesic efficacy of @entity3303 / @entity5403 ( @entity5404 ) cream during XXXX of thyroid nodules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy']


abstract: We have analyzed in @entity3569 ovary cells the upstream mediators by which the G protein-coupled receptor, @entity39262 /CCKB, activates the extracellular-regulated kinases (ERKs) and p85/p110- @entity4357 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathways. Overexpression of an inhibitory mutant of Shc completely blocked @entity39262 -stimulated Shc. @entity39263 complex formation but partially inhibited ERK-1 activation by this peptide. Expression of @entity39264 , which inactivates @entity39265 -family kinases, totally inhibited @entity39262 -induced @entity39265 -like activity detected in anti- @entity39265 and anti-Shc precipitates but diminished by 50% Shc phosphorylation and ERK-1 activation. We observed a rapid @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity19645 ( @entity19645 ) and an increase in @entity39265 -like kinase activity in anti- @entity19645 immunoprecipitates from @entity39262 -stimulated cells, suggesting that @entity19645 may be a direct substrate of @entity39265 . This hypothesis was supported by the inhibition of @entity39262 -induced @entity39265 . @entity19645 complex formation and @entity19645 phosphorylation in @entity39264 -transfected cells. In addition, the increase in PI 3-kinase activity measured in anti-p85 or anti- @entity19645 precipitates following @entity39262 stimulation was abolished by @entity39264 . Our results demonstrate the existence of two mechanisms in @entity39262 -mediated ERKs activation. One requires Shc phosphorylation by @entity39265 -family kinases, and the other one is independent of these two proteins. They also indicate that @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity19645 by @entity39265 -family kinases could lead to the recruitment and the activation of the p85/p110-PI 3-kinase in response to @entity39262 .

title: @entity39265 -family @entity669 kinases in activation of ERK-1 and p85/p110- XXXX 3-kinase by G/CCKB receptors.

entities_list: @entity19645 :: ('100755710', 'Gene') :: ['IRS-1', 'insulin receptor substrate-1']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: Access to an evaporative cooling system can increase production in dairy @entity291 because of improved thermal comfort. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ambient temperature on thermoregulation, plasma @entity701 , @entity16033 ( @entity4208 ), and productive status, and to determine the efficiency of an evaporative cooling system on physiological responses under different weather patterns. A total of 28 Holstein @entity291 were divided into two groups, one with and the other without access to a cooling system with fans and mist in the free stall. The parameters were analyzed during morning (0700 hours) and afternoon milking (1430 hours) under five different weather patterns throughout the year (fall, winter, spring, dry summer, and rainy summer). @entity5584 ( @entity5584 ), body surface temperature (BS), base of tail temperature (TT), and respiratory frequency (RF) were lower in the morning (P < 0.01). The cooling system did not affect @entity5584 , and both the groups had values below 38.56 over the year (P = 0.11). @entity701 and @entity4208 may have been influenced by the seasons, in opposite ways. @entity701 concentrations were higher in winter (P < 0.05) and @entity4208 was higher during spring-summer (P < 0.05). The air temperature and the temperature humidity index showed positive moderate correlations to @entity5584 , BS, TT, and RF (P < 0.001). The ambient temperature was found to have a positive correlation with the physiological variables, independent of the cooling system, but cooled animals exhibited higher milk production during spring and summer (P < 0.01).

title: Effects of an evaporative cooling system on plasma @entity701 , XXXX , and milk production in dairy @entity291 in a tropical environment.

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Rectal temperature']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity16033 :: ('281239(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1']

answer: @entity4208 :: (104978413,Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: In spite of conventional treatment modalities which include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the survival rates for @entity1 with @entity11 remain disappointing. Successful treatment has been limited by difficulties in delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). Specifically, drug penetration of the blood brain barrier (BBB) poses a unique and challenging problem in @entity11 therapy. Recently, however, promising techniques have emerged to circumvent this problem. One such advancement is @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ). This method was originally introduced and refined in the early 1990s by researchers at the National Institute of Health (NIH) and involves drug infusion under high pressure using intracranial catheters. @entity14782 allows for delivery of high concentrations of therapeutic agents directly into @entity1313 and surrounding parenchyma. This method eludes the BBB and allows the use of regional drug therapy, while at the same time limiting systemic @entity137 . In the present article, we review both the pre-clinical and clinical studies concerning @entity14782 . We also discuss future directions and the potential impact of this modality on the treatment of @entity11 .

title: Convection enhanced drug delivery of novel therapeutic agents to malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['convection-enhanced delivery', 'CED']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: Renal transplant recipients are prone to a variety of @entity281 due a persistent immunodepleted state. Incidence of @entity378 in this population is much higher compared with the general population. @entity1907 still remains the commonest form in this population, @entity3299 is very rare. We report two cases of isolated allograft @entity378 and one case of allograft @entity378 with coexistent @entity236 . All three cases had presented with pyrexia of unknown origin, wherein despite extensive investigations the cause was not found. In two cases the diagnosis was confirmed on histology. Two cases responded to non- @entity1215 -based modified antitubercular treatment and one to conventional four-drug @entity1215 -based regimen. Graft function improved in two cases while in one case the graft was lost. @entity378 involving the renal allograft is a potential cause for @entity813 /loss and requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Timely detection and early institution of therapy can help save the renal allograft.

title: XXXX : report of three cases and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3299 :: ('MESH:D014398', 'Disease') :: ['renal allograft tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin', 'Rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['pleuro-pulmonary and bone marrow involvement']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['While pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3299 :: (MESH:D014398,Disease) :: ['Renal allograft tuberculosis']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the impact of @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) on quality of life and explore the association with vision, health, and demographic variables. METHODS: Adult @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1020 and with @entity227 (visual acuity <6/12) were assessed with the Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire. @entity1 rated the extent that vision restricted participation in activities affecting quality of life and completed the Short Form General Health Survey (SF-12) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age of the 106 @entity1 (66% female) was 83.6 years (range 64-98). One quarter had mild @entity227 , (VA<6/12-6/18) and 75% had moderate or severely @entity227 . @entity1 reported from at least "a little" concern on 23 of the 32 IVI items including reading, emotional health, mobility, and participation in relevant activities. Those with mild and moderate @entity227 were similarly affected but significantly different from those with severe @entity1018 (p<0.05). Distance vision was associated with IVI scores but not age, sex, or duration of @entity1018 . CONCLUSION: @entity1020 affects many quality of life related activities and not just those related to reading. @entity4064 care services should be considered for @entity1 with mild @entity1018 and worse.

title: Impact of XXXX on quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision impairment', 'impaired vision']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['Referral to low vision']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['age related macular degeneration', 'AMD']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age related macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although pulsed-dye-laser therapy is currently the gold standard for the treatment of @entity3809 , few objective data are available on its long-term efficacy. Using objective color measurements, we performed a 10-year follow-up of a previously conducted prospective clinical study of the treatment of @entity3809 with a pulsed-dye laser. METHODS: We invited the @entity1 to undergo repeated color measurements performed by the same procedures as in the previous study. The results at long-term follow-up were compared with color measurements obtained before treatment and after completion of an average of five laser treatments of the complete port-wine stain. A questionnaire was used to investigate @entity1 ' satisfaction with the treatment and their perception of long-term changes in the stain. RESULTS: Of the 89 @entity1 from whom color measurements were obtained in the previous study, 51 were included in this study. The @entity1 had received a median of seven additional treatment sessions since the last color measurement, which had been made after an average of five treatments. The median length of follow-up was 9.5 years. On average, the stain when measured at follow-up was significantly darker than it was when measured after the last of the initial five laser treatments (P=0.001), but it was still significantly lighter than it was when measured before treatment (P<0.001). Fifty-nine percent of @entity1 were satisfied with the overall treatment result. Six percent of @entity1 reported that the stain had become lighter since their last treatment, 59% that it was unchanged, and 35% that it had become darker. CONCLUSIONS: Using objective color measurements, we observed significant redarkening of @entity3809 at long-term follow-up after pulsed-dye-laser therapy. @entity1 should be informed about the possibility of redarkening before beginning treatment.

title: Redarkening of XXXX 10 years after pulsed-dye-laser treatment.

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['port-wine stains']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity3809 :: (MESH:D019339,Disease) :: ['port-wine stains']


abstract: This work investigates the prognostic role of advanced age as a risk factor for recurrence in a population of @entity1 undergoing surgery for N0 stage @entity694 , and also evaluates whether that role is affected by @entity5 location. A population of 129 consecutive @entity1 who underwent radical surgery for N0 stage @entity694 was selected. @entity1 were subdivided into three age groups: <65, 65-80 and >80. The only correlation found in the examined population between age and clinical-pathological features was between advanced age (>80) and @entity5 location in the right side of the colon. Overall survival (OS) and disease- free survival (DFS) were significantly lower in @entity1 over 80 than in the other two classes. Two multivariate analyses were carried out: when @entity5 location was not considered, age >80 represented a negative prognostic factor for risk of recurrence, regardless of the other factors examined. This role was also confirmed when @entity5 location was considered. As hypothesized by several authors, the role of advanced age which emerges from this study is mainly due to the increased fragility of elderly @entity1 caused by multiple pathophysiological factors, but it does not necessarily represent an absolute contraindication to surgery. The role played by @entity5 location remains controversial, as more and more studies show that @entity694 ( @entity694 ) is a biological entity distinct from @entity694 ( @entity694 ). Further studies are required to examine right and @entity694 as two separate diseases.

title: N0 XXXX : prognostic role of age in relation to @entity5 site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['LCC', 'left colon cancer', 'colon cancer', 'right colon cancer', 'left colon cancers', 'RCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage colon cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of @entity109 treatment for @entity410 in rural China, and to explore factors associated with overall @entity410 outcomes. METHODS: We carried out follow-up assessments of @entity1 who took part in an @entity302 community management program conducted in rural counties of six provinces in China. @entity1 with @entity410 who were previously untreated (or on irregular treatment) were commenced on regular treatment with @entity109 . Information was collected using a standardized questionnaire by face-to-face interviews of the individuals (and their families where necessary). Information collected included treatment status, medication change, @entity410 frequency, and mortality. KEY FINDINGS: Among the 2,455 @entity1 who participated in the original program, outcomes were successfully ascertained during the follow-up assessment in 1986. Among them, 206 had died. Information on treatment response was obtained in 1,780 (56% male; mean age 33.9 years, range 3-84; mean duration of follow-up 6.4 years). Among them, 939 (53%) were still taking @entity109 . The most common reasons for stopping @entity109 were @entity410 freedom or substantial @entity410 reduction, socioeconomic reasons, and personal preference. Four hundred fifty-three individuals (25%) became @entity410 -free for at least 1 year while taking @entity109 , 88% of whom did so at daily doses of 120 mg or below. Four hundred six (23%) reported adverse events, which led to withdrawal of @entity109 in <1%. The most common adverse effects were malaise/somnolence (7.4%), @entity1296 (3%), and lethargy (2.6%). At the follow-up assessment, 688 (39%) individuals had been @entity410 free for at least the previous year. @entity1 with persistent @entity410 had significantly longer duration of @entity302 and higher number of @entity410 in the 12 months before treatment. @entity1 who were taking AED treatment irregularly at recruitment were less likely to become @entity410 -free. SIGNIFICANCE: We observed long-term benefits of regular treatment with @entity109 for @entity410 in rural China. One hundred years after the discovery of its antiepileptic effect, @entity109 is still playing an important role in the management of @entity302 .

title: Long-term outcome of @entity109 treatment for XXXX in rural China: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsive epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']