abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that are predictive of the outcomes of greatest importance to @entity1 -i.e., symptom relief, functional improvement, and satisfaction with the outcomes of surgery-following @entity923 release. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Maine Carpal Tunnel Study, a community-based study of the outcomes of treatment for @entity923 . In a cohort of @entity1 who underwent @entity923 release, a preoperative physical examination was performed and questionnaires were completed preoperatively and at 6, 18, and 30 months postoperatively. The questionnaires assessed symptom severity, @entity2319 , mental health, general physical health status, the relative severity of individual symptoms, satisfaction with the results of surgery, sociodemographic factors, and for those subjects who were in the workforce, aspects of the work environment. The associations between preoperative factors and the 3 principal outcomes (symptom severity, @entity2319 , and satisfaction with the results of surgery, all evaluated at 18 months postoperatively) were assessed with bivariate and multivariate linear regression and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-one subjects were enrolled and 188 (78%) completed followup surveys 18 months postoperatively. Two-thirds of the @entity1 reported being completely or very satisfied with the outcomes of surgery at 6, 18, and 30 months postoperatively. A range of clinical and work-related variables were associated with outcomes. In multivariate analyses, greater preoperative @entity2319 was predictive of greater functional limitations postoperatively. Worse mental health status was significantly associated with more severe symptoms and lower satisfaction. @entity167 use was also associated with more severe symptoms and lower satisfaction. Among workers, involvement of an attorney was significantly associated with greater functional limitation, more severe symptoms, and lower satisfaction. Recipients of @entity1538 who did not hire an attorney had generally good outcomes. Of note, physical examination parameters were not predictive of the outcomes of surgery. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of @entity923 release in community-based practices are excellent. Predictors of the outcomes of surgery are disease-specific and generic clinical factors as well as work-related factors. The strongest predictors of less favorable outcomes are worse scores on @entity1 -reported measures of @entity2319 and mental health status, @entity167 use, and the involvement of an attorney. Clinicians should carefully evaluate @entity1 ' functional status, mental health status, health habits, and attorney involvement prior to performing @entity923 release, and discuss with @entity1 the prognostic implications of these parameters.

title: Predictors of outcomes of XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ["worker's compensation"]

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity functional limitation', 'upper extremity functional limitations']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel']


abstract: Germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, such as @entity4311 , cause @entity4309 , an autosomal dominant predisposition to @entity14 . Our research clinic focuses on hereditary @entity14 , and over the past 9  years we have identified germline mutations in DNA MMR genes in 101 @entity1 using commercial genetic reference laboratories. We also collected samples from twelve @entity1 with absent @entity4311 protein expression and microsatellite instability in @entity5 tissue, with a family history suggestive of @entity4309 , but negative germline test results. The most likely explanation for this set of results is that the germline testing did not detect true germline mutations in these @entity1 . Two of our @entity1 with failed commercial testing were later found to have deletions in the 3' region of @entity5960 , the gene just upstream of @entity4311 , but no explanation could be found for inactivation of @entity4311 in the other ten @entity1 . We used allelic dropout in long PCR to look for potential regions of rearrangement in the @entity4311 gene. This method detected a potential rearrangement breakpoint in the same region of @entity4311 where one breakpoint of a 10  Mb inversion was reported previously. We tested these ten @entity1 for this inversion. Six of 10 @entity1 had the inversion, indicating the importance of including testing for this inversion in @entity1 suspected of having @entity4311 -type @entity4309 in our population. Additionally, this method could be further developed to look for inversions in other genes where current methods of testing fail to find a causative mutation.

title: Inversion of exons 1-7 of the @entity4311 gene is a frequent cause of unexplained XXXX in one local population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal as well as other cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing population-based studies have suggested a relationship between @entity1569 and @entity209 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis that synthesizes the epidemiologic associations between @entity1569 and @entity209 . METHODS: We searched for observational studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register from Jan 1, 1980 to Jan 1, 2012. We applied the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines in the conduct of this study. RESULTS: We identified 12 observational studies with a total of 1.4 million study @entity1 fulfilling the inclusion criteria, among whom 41,853 were @entity1 with @entity1569 . Based on random-effects modeling of cross-sectional and case-controlled studies, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for @entity209 among @entity1 with @entity1569 was 2.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70-3.01) compared with the general population. Visual inspection of a funnel plot and formal analysis with the Egger test suggested publication bias and absence of small studies in the published literature (P = .03). A dose-response relationship was also observed between @entity1569 severity and prevalence of @entity209 . LIMITATIONS: No studies to date have assessed incidence of @entity209 among @entity1 with @entity1569 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the general population, @entity1569 @entity1 have higher prevalence of @entity209 , and @entity1 with more severe @entity1569 have greater odds of @entity209 than those with milder @entity1569 .

title: Psoriasis and XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: A 20-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital for detailed investigation of a gastric @entity5 . @entity2909 was preoperatively diagnosed and laparoscopic-assisted enucleation was performed. The resected @entity5 was 4 x 3 x 1.5 cm in size and postoperative histological examination identified it as a @entity356 . Therefore, a secondary resection in the form of a distal gastrectomy was carried out. No @entity5 cells were found in the gastric specimen or in the lymph nodes; however, 5 months after the operation, an abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a recurrence in the liver, and she was readmitted for further examinations. The lesion was diagnosed as a single liver @entity3 from the @entity356 and successfully resected. The histopathological findings of the @entity96 resembled those of the primary @entity356 . Her postoperative course was uneventful and she has been well, without any evidence of recurrence, to date. Only 12 other cases of @entity11004 of the stomach with liver @entity3 have been reported in Japan, all of which were associated with a very poor prognosis. Therefore, @entity1 with this unusual disease entity should be carefully followed up after resection of the @entity5 .

title: Successful resection of a liver @entity3 from XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity11004 :: ('MESH:D018230', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['A leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric leiomyoblastoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric leiomyoblastoma']


abstract: To understand the molecular basis of granule release from platelets, we examined the role of @entity1078 ( @entity17418 ) in alpha-granule secretion. @entity18778 -permeabilized platelets synthesized @entity17418 when incubated in the presence of @entity855 . Incubation of streptolysin O-permeabilized platelets with @entity4357 -specific phospholipase C reduced @entity17418 levels and resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of @entity141 -induced alpha-granule secretion. Exogenously added @entity17418 inhibited alpha-granule secretion, with 80% inhibition at 50 microm @entity17418 . Nanomolar concentrations of @entity2307 , 33.3 microm @entity2306 , and antibodies directed against PtdIns 3-kinase did not inhibit @entity141 -induced alpha-granule secretion, suggesting that PtdIns 3-kinase is not involved in alpha-granule secretion. However, micromolar concentrations of @entity2307 inhibited both @entity17418 synthesis and alpha-granule secretion by approximately 50%. Antibodies directed against type II @entity4357 - @entity1391 kinase ( @entity56539 4-kinase) also inhibited both @entity17418 synthesis and @entity141 -induced alpha-granule secretion by approximately 50%. These antibodies inhibited alpha-granule secretion only when added prior to @entity855 exposure and not when added following @entity855 exposure, prior to @entity141 -mediated triggering. The inhibitory effects of micromolar @entity2307 and anti-type II @entity4357 - @entity1391 kinase antibodies were additive. These results show that @entity17418 mediates platelet alpha-granule secretion and that @entity17418 synthesis required for @entity141 -induced alpha-granule secretion involves the type II @entity56539 4-kinase-dependent pathway.

title: @entity1078 mediates XXXX -induced platelet alpha-granule secretion: evidence for type II @entity56539 4-kinase function.

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity56539 :: ('MESH:C113567', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity18778 :: ('MESH:C025964', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptolysin O']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: The optimum approach to conquering @entity5 is prevention. Although the @entity1 diet contains components which promote @entity5 , it also contains components with the potential to prevent it. Recent research shows that milk fat contains a number of potential anticarcinogenic components including conjugated @entity4722 , @entity4291 , @entity4877 and @entity4543 lipids. Conjugated @entity4722 inhibited proliferation of @entity1 @entity320 , @entity0 cell lines. In animals, it reduced the incidence of chemically induced @entity19 @entity5 , @entity19 @entity5 and aberrant crypt foci in the @entity35 colon. In a number of studies, conjugated @entity4722 , at near-physiological concentrations, inhibited mammary tumorigenesis independently of the amount and type of fat in the diet. In vitro studies showed that the milk phospholipid, @entity4291 , through its biologically active metabolites @entity2367 and @entity5597 , participates in three major antiproliferative pathways influencing oncogenesis, namely, inhibition of cell growth, and induction of differentiation and apoptosis. @entity19 fed @entity4291 had fewer @entity694 and aberrant crypt foci than control animals. About one third of all milk @entity1674 contain one molecule of @entity4877 , a potent inhibitor of proliferation and inducer of differentiation and apoptosis in a wide range of neoplastic cell lines. Although butyrate produced by colonic fermentation is considered important for @entity694 protection, an animal study suggests dietary @entity4876 may inhibit mammary tumorigenesis. The dairy @entity291 also has the ability to extract other potential anticarcinogenic agents such as @entity2066 , @entity31391 and @entity6319 from its feed and transfer them to milk. Animal studies comparing the tumorigenic potential of milk fat or butter with @entity4722 -rich vegetable oils or margarines are reviewed. They clearly show less @entity5 development with dairy products.

title: XXXX ' milk fat components as potential anticarcinogenic agents.

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, breast and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'forestomach neoplasia', 'epidermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity6319 :: ('MESH:D006072', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol']

entities_list: @entity5597 :: ('MESH:D013110', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity31391 :: ('MESH:C008157', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-ionone']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Cows']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity2497 can be transmitted from experimentally infected deer to uninfected in-contact deer. ANIMALS: Twenty-three 6-month-old @entity4325 . PROCEDURE: On day 0, @entity2499 (2 X 10(8) colony-forming units) was administered by intratonsillar instillation to 8 deer; 3 control deer received saline (0.9% @entity1219 ) solution. Eight in-contact deer were comingled with inoculated deer from day 21. On day 120, inoculated deer were euthanatized and necropsied. On day 180, 4 in-contact deer were euthanatized, and 4 new in-contact deer were introduced. On day 360, all in-contact deer were euthanatized. Rectal, oral, and nasal swab specimens and samples of hay, pelleted feed, water, and feces were collected for bacteriologic culture. Tissue specimens were also collected at necropsy for bacteriologic culture and histologic analysis. RESULTS: On day 90, inoculated and in-contact deer developed @entity56 ( @entity56 ) reactions to purified protein derivative of @entity2499 . Similarly, new in-contact deer developed @entity56 reactions by 100 days of contact with original in-contact deer. @entity66 in in-contact deer were most commonly detected in lungs and tracheobronchial and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. @entity2497 was isolated from nasal secretions and saliva from inoculated and in-contact deer, urine and feces from in-contact deer, and hay and pelleted feed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity2497 is efficiently transmitted from experimentally infected deer to uninfected in-contact deer through nasal secretions, saliva, or contaminated feed. Wildlife management practices that result in unnatural gatherings of deer may enhance both direct and indirect transmission of @entity2499 .

title: Experimental deer-to-deer transmission of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculous lesions']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['DTH', 'delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

entities_list: @entity4325 :: ('9874', 'Species') :: ['white-tailed deer']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of @entity20881 in the treatment of @entity645 -related @entity2380 -resistant oro-oesophageal candidosis. DESIGN: Multicentre open study. @entity1 : @entity645 -seropositive @entity1 with oro-oesophageal candidosis despite at least 7 days of treatment with @entity2380 at doses of 100 mg per day or more. METHODS: @entity1 received an initial dose of @entity20881 (150 mg), then 25 mg per day for 6 days. Symptoms and signs of candidosis were compared at entry and on days 3 and 7 of treatment. At each visit, samples were taken for safety monitoring and for in vitro susceptibility testing of Candida isolates. Limited pharmacokinetic samples were taken on days 1 and 7. RESULTS: Of 26 evaluable @entity1 , 16 showed partial improvement, nine showed no improvement, and only one had full clearance of thrush by day 7. In vitro testing of the cleared @entity1 's isolate suggested that it was susceptible to @entity2380 . Symptoms of @entity1282 cleared in 14 and improved in five of the 22 @entity1 with presumptive oesophageal involvement at entry. Pharmacokinetic measurement showed wide variability in maximum @entity20881 levels recorded on day 1 (range, 0.07-0.34 mg/l) and susceptibility testing of isolates also showed a range of minimal inhibitory concentration values to @entity20881 (range, < 0.06-8 mg/l; median, 0.25 mg/l). When these data were combined with clinical response there was a strong suggestion that lack of symptomatic improvement was related to low plasma @entity20881 levels or to the presence of less @entity20881 -susceptible isolates. Six @entity1 were noted to have a fall in haemoglobin, three of whom were receiving concomitant therapy known to suppress bone marrow. Three @entity1 reported @entity10 as adverse events that were attributed to study medication, but @entity20881 was well tolerated overall. CONCLUSIONS: @entity20881 shows promise in the treatment of @entity2380 -resistant oro-oesophageal candidosis and was well tolerated, although efficacy in this difficult-to-treat @entity1 group was probably limited due to the inadequate plasma levels achieved in this pilot study with the low doses of @entity20881 administered.

title: Treatment of @entity645 -related @entity2380 -resistant oral candidosis with XXXX , a new triazole antifungal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity20881 :: (MESH:C058219,Chemical) :: ['D0870']


abstract: The trial drug was ICI 118.630 (Zoladex). Inclusion criteria were histologically confirmed @entity263 (T greater than 2 or N+ or M+), life expectancy greater than 3 months, and no previous radiotherapy, orchiectomy, or chemotherapy. Treatment started in November 1984; 30 @entity1 were recruited. The period of treatment ranged from 6 to 144 weeks (median of 59.5 weeks). One @entity1 died after 6 weeks of rapidly progressive @entity177 . Data were updated to the end of August 1987. The mean age was 67.9 years (53-83 years). Subjective response was evaluated by a mean symptoms score (using daytime micturition, @entity2183 , @entity3833 , hesitancy, and flow) and a score of three different items: @entity1 ' activity, @entity158 , and use of analgesics. Only 7.1% of the @entity1 showed a permanent positive response. Four different objective responses (complete, partial, stable disease, and progression) were possible after evaluating the T category, @entity5 dimensions, metastases, and prostatic acid phosphatase. @entity251 (T) and plasmatic LH levels rose after administration: T dropped below the castration level (1 ng/ml) within a few days and remained constantly low. The rate of progressive disease was 27.6%; disease control was possible in 72.4% of the @entity1 (PR or @entity168 ).

title: LH-RH analogue treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['advanced prostate cancer']


abstract: A rapid and specific method for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in @entity291 semen using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described. The primers used were derived from an EcoR1/BamH1 fragment that hybridized strongly to chromosomal DNA from the hardjobovis serovar. Three different extraction methods were evaluated in this study: @entity3971 - @entity3636 extraction method, proteinase K (PK) in 1% @entity214 , followed by @entity3971 - @entity3636 , and @entity3971 - @entity3636 followed by 1% @entity14942 ( @entity14942 ). A PCR product of approximately 500 base pairs (bp) in length was obtained when DNA from pure Leptospira culture was used as a template for PCR, regardless of the DNA extraction method used. The product was consistent with that predicted from the gene sequence. However, in semen seeded in vitro, as well as in semen from infected bulls, a PCR product was obtained only when the leptospiral DNA was extracted from the specimen using the @entity14942 method. In contrast, other methods used for DNA extraction did not generate suitable templates for the PCR procedure. This is the first PCR protocol developed to detect Leptospira in @entity291 semen. The PCR protocol provided a direct and unequivocal demonstration that Leptospira can be detected in semen of infected animals. The @entity14942 method was also used successfully in detecting Leptospira in the urine of infected animals. The PCR procedure was shown to be more sensitive than either the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) or culture for detecting the organism in urine.

title: A polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Leptospira spp. in XXXX semen.

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity14942 :: ('MESH:C004322', 'Chemical') :: ['CTAB', 'cetyltrimethylammonium bromide']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In general, benign neck cysts are treated by surgical excision. This can present technical difficulties and frequent recurrences, because of insufficient surgery. Sclerosing agents such as @entity1012 have been tested for the nonsurgical treatment of these cysts. We have assessed the efficacy of @entity1012 sclerotherapy for benign neck cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 75 @entity1 (42 @entity1 , 33 @entity1 ) diagnosed with and treated for benign neck cysts between March 2001 and December 2007 by intralesional injection of @entity1012 . The liquid content of each cyst was aspirated as much as possible, and the same volume of @entity1012 solution was injected. @entity1 were assessed by ultrasonography or computerized tomography, and therapeutic outcomes and adverse effects were evaluated by @entity1 age, sex, cyst type, and number of injections. RESULTS: Of the 75 treated @entity1 , 31 (41.3%) showed total shrinkage, seven (9.3%) showed near-total shrinkage (>90% of cyst volume), five (6.6%) showed marked shrinkage (>70% of cyst volume), and 17 (22.7%) showed partial shrinkage (<70% of cyst volume). No response was seen in 15 @entity1 (20%). Despite repeated sclerotherapy, eight @entity1 (10.7%) showed recurrences. Minor adverse effects of therapy included fever, @entity158 , and odynophagia but these complications spontaneously disappeared within several days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1012 sclerotherapy is a safe and effective primary alternative to surgery in @entity1 with benign neck cysts.

title: The therapeutic effect of @entity1012 ( XXXX ) sclerotherapy for benign neck cysts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['localized pain']

answer: @entity1012 :: (MESH:D010844,Chemical) :: ['picibanil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current government policy is directed towards reducing inequalities in health. General practice is increasingly the focus for health care provision in the United Kingdom and it is therefore important to understand the relationship between socioeconomic factors and health at the general practice level. A deprivation measure was used for the area in which the practice is located and two key priority areas were focused upon: mental health and @entity299 . AIM: To explore the relationship between area deprivation and the prevalence of treated @entity299 and @entity1032 in England and Wales. DESIGN OF STUDY: Analysis of data from medical records from practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database. SETTING: A total of 211 practices located in England and Wales. METHOD: The data from the practices were used to examine deprivation differentials in treated disease prevalence rates. RESULTS: There are strong deprivation gradients (highest prevalence in the most deprived category) for treated @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity161 , @entity301 and @entity2175 . In general the deprivation differentials are wider in the middle of the age range. @entity1 aged 35 to 64 years in the most deprived areas had rates of treated @entity301 two to three times those in the least deprived areas. @entity1 aged 25 to 44 years in the most deprived areas had rates of treated @entity308 50% higher than those in the least deprived areas. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified wide deprivation differentials in the prevalence of treated @entity1032 and @entity299 . If all of England and Wales experienced the rates of the least deprived fifth of the population then the number of @entity1 being treated for @entity308 , @entity148 , and @entity301 would fall by 10%, 16%, and 11% respectively.

title: Inequalities in treated XXXX and @entity1032 in England and Wales, 1994-1998.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin-treated diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'Men', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that a transanal excisional approach can be successfully used in most cases of large, benign, @entity5493 with acceptable rates of recurrence and complications in comparison with historic controls. A retrospective review of all cases of benign, large, @entity5493 at this institution from 1975 to 1985 was performed. A total of 122 @entity1 had large, benign, @entity5493 excised. All except five were treated by transanal excision. Thirty-eight percent of lesions were more proximal than 8 cm from the anal verge. The average follow-up was 55 months. Twenty-seven percent of @entity1 were treated for @entity66 after a known incomplete initial treatment or an @entity652 at the same location within 6 months of the original treatment. Thirty percent of @entity1 were treated for recurrent @entity652 months after complete initial treatment. Two @entity1 (1.7 percent) with recurrences were found to have @entity189 . Both @entity1 had excisional therapy, and one had additional radiation therapy for these @entity189 . Ten @entity86 and two perforations occurred as symptomatic or serious complications. This renders a 10 percent complication rate for the study group, which is lower than reported by others using the Kraske or trans-sphincteric approach to the rectum. Because of the expected higher recurrence rate, regular follow-up is necessary for this type of therapy. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that transanal excision of large, benign, @entity5493 can be a safe and effective method of treatment.

title: Transanal excision of large, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['rectal villous adenomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma 6', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity5493 :: (MESH:D018253,Disease) :: ['rectal villous adenomas']


abstract: Evidence of acute @entity1188 expansion and the frequency of the @entity1188 ( @entity1188 and thinning associated with @entity551 and @entity1002 but no evidence of new @entity39 ) occurring at two days or more after a first acute Q-wave @entity583 were studied using serial two-dimensional echocardiography in 221 consecutive @entity1 (100 anterior, 121 inferior). @entity1 with symptomatic @entity2396 were treated with @entity3352 (group 1, n = 73) or @entity5018 (group 2, n = 49) and those without symptomatic @entity2396 received neither drug (group 3, n = 99). The overall frequency of the @entity1188 was 13% and 69% of these were among the @entity2396 groups. The syndrome was significantly more frequent in group 1 (22%) than group 2 (8%) (P less than 0.05) or group 3 (9%) (P less than 0.025). Serial echocardiograms revealed more expansion with greater percentage increase in the @entity1188 containing segment length in group 1 than group 2 or group 3 (18% versus 9% versus 9%, P less than 0.005). However, the decreases in @entity1188 were similar in groups 1 (24%) and 2 (25%) but greater (P less than 0.001) than in group 3 (7%). Despite similar @entity1188 size and @entity1188 thinning in groups 1 and 2, the degree of @entity1188 expansion was greater and the @entity1188 more frequent in group 1. However, when allowance was made for the potential protective effect of prior use of intravenous @entity1242 and concomitant use of @entity594 , @entity3352 and @entity5018 had similar effects on expansion. Thus, @entity3352 or @entity5018 should be used with caution after Q-wave infarction so as to avoid further expansion. The fact that short term use of other drugs might modify @entity1188 remodelling should be considered in studies attempting to assess efficacy of one particular drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity583 expansion during @entity3352 or @entity5018 therapy for symptomatic post infarction XXXX . Influence of other pharmacologic agents during early remodelling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct segment thickness', 'infarct expansion syndrome', 'acute infarct dilatation', 'infarct', 'acute infarct expansion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity2396 :: (MESH:D010493,Disease) :: ['pericarditis']


abstract: Acute and chronic @entity149 (CNS) releases large quantities of @entity855 . Whereas the @entity855 concentration in the extracellular space is normally in the micromolar range, under these conditions it increases to millimolar levels. A number of ligand-gated cationic channels termed P2X receptors (7 @entity1 subtypes), and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors (8 @entity1 subtypes) are located at astrocytes, as confirmed by the measurement of the respective mRNA and protein. Activation of both the @entity9896 and @entity15094 ,2 subtypes identified at astrocytes initiates astrogliosis isolating damaged brain areas from surrounding healthy cells and synthesizing neurotrophins and pleotrophins that participate in neuronal recovery. Astrocytes are considered as cells of high plasticity which may alter their properties in a culture medium. Therefore, recent work concentrates on investigating @entity377 effects at in situ (acute brain slices) and in vivo astrocytes. A wealth of data relates to the involvement of purinergic mechanisms in astrogliosis induced by acute CNS injury such as mechanical @entity130 and @entity519 / @entity63 . The released @entity855 may act within minutes as an excitotoxic molecule; at a longer time-scale within days it causes neuroinflammation. These effects sum up as @entity39 /apoptosis on the one hand and proliferation on the other. Although the role of @entity2036 in chronic neurodegenerative illnesses is not quite clear, it appears that they aggravate the consequences of the @entity66 . @entity302 and @entity9 are also associated with the release of @entity855 and a pathologic glia-neuron interaction leading to astrogliosis and cell death. In view of these considerations, P2 receptor antagonists may open new therapeutic vistas in all forms of acute and chronic CNS damage.

title: XXXX signaling in astrogliosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['Nucleotide']


abstract: A 9-lead Holter monitor using the lead-switching technique (9-lead DCG) and conventional 12-lead electrocardiograph (12-lead ECG) were simultaneously used for recording during treadmill exercise testing (Td-test) in 140 @entity1 with @entity453 . Coronary arteriography was performed in 118 of the 140 @entity1 , and the correlation between @entity3979 and anterior or inferior projection of @entity308 occurring during the Td-test was investigated. Additionally, 10 @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) were studied to test ST elevation detection by the 9-lead DCG. The CM5 lead demonstrated @entity308 in 92 of the 109 @entity1 showing @entity308 in one or more leads. High lateral (HL) and/or low lateral leads detected all @entity308 occurring in the I and aVL leads of the 12-lead ECG. Leads CM1, CM2 and CM3 exhibited low sensitivity (0-32%) and high specificity (56-100%), while leads CM4, CM5, and CM6 provided greater sensitivity (66-95%), but less specificity (3-32%) in detecting diseases of the left anterior descending artery, left circumflex artery and/or right coronary artery (RCA). In contrast, the low back (LB) lead demonstrated high sensitivity (88%) and high specificity (86%) in detecting @entity453 . Lead CM3 detected ST elevations in all 6 @entity1 with anterior @entity583 , while the LB lead did so in all 4 @entity1 with inferior @entity583 . With a Holter monitor, 4 leads are needed: CM5 like, CM3 like, lateral (such as HL) and inferior (such as LB). The LB lead is useful in detecting inferior @entity63 .

title: Correlation of XXXX site with anterior or inferior projection of ST changes induced by treadmill exercise using a newly devised 9-lead Holter method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST depressions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['RCA disease', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this phase I trial was to determine dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) and the maximally tolerated dose of the radiosensitizer @entity5191 in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity5191 (dose level 1: 625 mg orally [PO] twice a day; dose level 2: 1250 mg PO twice a day) was administered for 7 to 14 days before and concurrently with concurrent chemoradiotherapy to @entity1 with biopsy confirmed IIIA or IIIB unresectable @entity1149 . Five @entity1 were treated at dose level 1; eight @entity1 were treated at dose level 2. @entity1 were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy to a dose of 66.6 Gy. DLTs were defined as any treatment-related grade 4 @entity1503 requiring a break in therapy or nonhematologic grade 3 or higher @entity137 except @entity2910 and @entity55 . RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were enrolled and 13 @entity1 received at least one dose of @entity5191 . Twelve @entity1 were treated with @entity5191 and concurrent chemoradiotherapy. No DLTs have been observed at either dose level. The maximum tolerated dose of @entity5191 was therefore 1250 mg PO twice a day. Six @entity1 experienced grade 4 @entity1431 . One @entity1 experienced grade 4 thromobcytopenia. Median follow-up for all 12 response-evaluable @entity1 was 31.6 months and for survivors @entity4318 .5 months. Nine of the 12 @entity1 had evaluable posttreatment positron emission tomography/computed tomography with metabolic response as follows: overall response: 9/9 (100%); complete response: 5/9 (56%); and partial response: 4/9 (44%). CONCLUSION: @entity5191 administered with concurrent chemoradiotherapy is associated with acceptable @entity137 in stage IIIA/IIIB @entity1149 . The metabolic response and @entity5 response data suggest that @entity5191 has promising activity in this disease.

title: A phase I trial of the HIV protease inhibitor @entity5191 with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable stage IIIA/IIIB @entity1149 : a report of XXXX and clinical response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5191 :: ('MESH:D019888', 'Chemical') :: ['nelfinavir', 'Nelfinavir']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to evaluate different measures of efficacy of the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering lipid class agents bimatoprost, latanoprost and travoprost in the treatment of primary open @entity726 . Study arms of @entity6839 in trials including the above mentioned lipid class drugs were also included. METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for randomized clinical trials including one or more of the lipid class drugs bimatoprost, latanoprost and travoprost. The study results were pooled, and the simple, weighted IOP-lowering efficacy was compared among the lipid class drugs and @entity6839 , where data were available. Efficacy parameters were reviewed, including mean reduction of IOP and percentage of @entity1 achieving different levels of IOP. RESULTS: 161 articles were identified of which 42 were included in the analysis. A total of 9295 @entity1 participated in the included trials. Based on all studies, @entity6839 on average had a weighted mean IOP reduction of 22.2%, while latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost had a weighted mean IOP reduction of 26.7%, 28.7% and 30.3%, respectively. Analysis of target achievement to various IOP levels shows that bimatoprost seems more efficacious than latanoprost. The direct comparisons (head-to-head studies) also show that bimatoprost is the most efficacious treatment, however it is not conclusive whether latanoprost or travoprost is better in reducing IOP. CONCLUSIONS: This review shows that bimatoprost seems to be the most efficacious treatment in lowering IOP. Head-to-head studies confirm this.

title: Analytic review of bimatoprost, latanoprost and travoprost in primary open XXXX .

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['angle glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['angle glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The posterior pole @entity4494 cell bodies form a substantial fraction of the retinal thickness, prompting the authors to study the feasibility of detecting, by scanning retinal thickness analysis, retinal changes at the posterior pole due to @entity16 . STUDY DESIGN: Nonconsecutive case series. @entity1 : One or both eyes of @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 who presented with either a superoinferior asymmetry in visual fields or a localized field loss or a nerve fiber @entity655 visible on photography were recruited. Twenty-nine eyes of 18 @entity1 were studied. INTERVENTIONS: A laser slit was projected on the retina and scanned, in 400 msec, across a 2- x 2-mm area of the fundus, yielding optical cross-sections that were digitally recorded. Nine such scans covered the central 20 degrees of the fundus. The optical cross-sections were analyzed by an operator-free algorithm to yield a three-or two-dimensional color map. The asymmetry (difference) between the visual sensitivity of the upper and lower hemifields was compared with the asymmetry in retinal thickness deviation from normal. RESULTS: Large losses (up to 34%) in retinal thickness were detected at the posterior pole of @entity1 with @entity726 due to the loss of @entity4494 cells and nerve fibers. A statistically significant correlation was found between the asymmetry in visual sensitivity loss and the asymmetry in deviation from normal thickness (r = 0.72; P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Mapping of the retinal thickness may provide a sensitive method for the detection and monitoring of early glaucomatous tissue loss in the posterior pole, which is unique due to the combination of (1) the direct measurement of @entity393 in the central field of vision; (2) the mapping capability; and (3) the rapid image acquisition.

title: Quantitative detection of XXXX at the posterior pole by retinal thickness mapping. A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['layer defect']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['neuroretinal loss']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous damage']


abstract: Nonallergic @entity2490 (NAR) subjects present clinically with similar symptoms to subjects with @entity2023 , but which mechanistically are not IgE- mediated. NAR is difficult to study because of multiple, as yet unknown, disease mechanisms and lack of biomarkers and diagnostic tests. The purpose of this proof of concept pilot study was to develop an environmental exposure chamber (EEC) model to simulate weather conditions in a controlled setting to objectively diagnose NAR subjects and ultimately to investigate novel NAR therapies. Thirty-seven subjects with a history of NAR confirmed by negative skin-prick test to a panel of aeroallergens were tested with @entity2133 ( @entity2133 ) and temperature change challenges. Objective (acoustic rhinometry [AcR] and nasal secretions) and subjective measures (total nasal symptom scores [TNSSs]: congestion, @entity5254 , and postnasal drip [0-3]) were collected. Data was presented as mean    SEM and statistical significance was assessed by paired t-test. The NAR EEC AcR responders to @entity2133 had a significant decrease in mean minimal cross-sectional area (MCA; a measure of nasal patency) of 22.2    2.43% (p < 0.0001) and 6.7    7.22% (not statistically significant) at 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, with a concomitant increase in TNSS of 1.0    0.24 U and 1.4    0.30 U, respectively. AcR responders to temperature change showed a significant decrease in mean MCA to warm air of 16.0    3.82% (p < 0.001) and 19.4    3.88% (p < 0.0001) at 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, with an increase of TNSS of 0.4    0.25 U and 0.4    0.27 U, respectively. With rapid conversion to cold air, further decrease in mean MCA accompanied by an increase in TNSS was observed at 30 and 60 minutes. Increase in @entity5254 was highest for @entity2133 and the cold air phase of the temperature change challenge. Using the NAR EEC model, significant symptoms were induced in response to simulated weather changes in NAR @entity1 responders. This proof of concept pilot study shows that the EEC model provides a consistent and reliable method to phenotype weather-induced NAR subjects that could be used to investigate disease mechanisms and novel therapies for NAR.

title: Provocation of nonallergic XXXX subjects in response to simulated weather conditions using an environmental exposure chamber model.

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['CDA', 'cold dry air']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In order to test the hypothesis that @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is merely an extension of the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep @entity386 / @entity387 (OSA/H) to less severe pharyngeal collapse during sleep, we compared the severity of @entity2147 and the prevalence of @entity22 in @entity27 @entity1 to the patterns observed for OSA/H @entity1 . Our goal was to determine whether the severity of @entity2147 and the prevalence of @entity22 observed in @entity27 @entity1 could have been predicted from the patterns observed among OSA/H @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of a large consecutive @entity1 series evaluated at an @entity25 center, including 220 OSA/H @entity1 and 137 @entity27 @entity1 . @entity1 had no other sleep-related diagnosis and underwent an initial evaluation that included a measure of @entity2147 [a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT); 95%] or @entity22 questionnaire (87%). @entity1 were characterized by anthropometric data, polysomnographic descriptive measures of sleep, MSLT data and @entity22 questionnaire data. RESULTS: Severity of @entity2147 decreased over the continuum from severe to mild OSA/H. A model fit to the OSA/H @entity1 to predict severity of @entity2147 significantly underestimated @entity2147 in @entity27 @entity1 , which was comparable in severity to that of @entity1 with mild OSA/H. The frequency of sleep-onset @entity22 increased over the continuum from severe to mild OSA/H and increased further in @entity27 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity27 is, in some respects, an extension of OSA/H to less severe pharyngeal collapse, but this does not adequately account for the symptom profile of @entity1 with @entity27 . A physical model is proposed to account for the excess somnolence in @entity27 relative to expectations and the increasing frequency of sleep-onset @entity22 along the continuum from severe OSA/H to @entity27 .

title: XXXX , @entity22 and the pathophysiology of @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['UARS', 'upper airway resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolence']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['academic sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity2147 :: (MESH:D006970,Disease) :: ['Hypersomnolence']


abstract: In the past thirty years, the mortality rate from @entity263 has not declined. This is due in part to the small number of @entity5 diagnosed while they are still curable by surgery or radiation. Recent studies have demonstrated that transrectal sonography can detect nonpalpable @entity5 , which are usually potentially curable. As a result, some physicians now recommend routine screening of all @entity1 over age fifty. The main goal of a @entity5 screening test is to help reduce mortality. To date, it has been shown that screening can increase early detection and survival, but there is no experimental evidence that screening reduces mortality. Therefore, screening for @entity263 may not be worthwhile. The large number of @entity263 found on autopsy series indicates that only a small fraction of @entity1 with @entity263 actually die of it. The risk of screening is that many insignificant @entity5 may be diagnosed and @entity1 may be treated unnecessarily, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and expense. For now, it may be appropriate to let @entity1 choose whether or not to have the test performed, after informing them screening can increase early detection, but could also result in overdiagnosis and treatment. However, screening should not be advocated across-the-board until a randomized, carefully controlled, large-scale clinical trial has shown that it saves lives.

title: Early detection and screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate indications for laparoscopy performed in Department of Gynecological Surgery of Polish Mother's Memorial Research Institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have analyzed hospital charts of 342 @entity1 who had been treated with laparoscopy in 1991-1999. RESULTS: During last years a progressive frequency in performing laparoscopic procedures has been noted (4.7% of all surgical treatment in 1991-93, 6.4% in 1994-96, 16.3% in 1997-99, and 25.2% in 1999). An increased percentage of operative laparoscopic procedures has also been observed (11.9% in 1991-93 vs 59.8% in 1994-96 vs 86.9% in 1997-99). The major indication for performing laparoscopy was: @entity249 (145--42.4%), @entity46 (90--26.4%) and @entity43 . Most of laparoscopic operations were performed due to benign pathological changes found in adnexa (218--68.6%). Laparoscopy has been recently introduced in surgical treatment of uterine @entity1868 (enucleation, laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy-LAVH) and diagnosis of @entity43 . Complications were found in 19 (5.5%) cases: 11 cases (3.2%) intraoperative and 8 (2.3%) cases postoperative. Bleeding from abdominal wall vessels was the most often intraoperative complications, whereas an infection was the most common postoperative one. Because of complications laparoscopy turned into laparotomy in four cases. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy is a safe and useful technique for treatment some gynecological pathology (especially @entity249 and @entity46 ) with a small number of complications.

title: [The place of laparoscopy in gynecological practice--useful technique for diagnostic and treatment of @entity249 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'benign ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that right ventricular (RV) @entity1284 may result in left ventricular (LV) @entity299 through induction of LV systolic dyssynchrony after @entity215 ( @entity215 ) repair. Sixty @entity1 with @entity215 repair were studied at 14.3 +/- 7.2 years after @entity215 repair. Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic data sets were acquired for measurement of LV and RV volumes and derivation of ejection fractions and @entity338 . The LV systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) was derived from the dispersion of time to minimum regional volume using a 16-segment model. The results were compared with those of 29 healthy controls. LV SDI was significantly higher in @entity1 than controls (7.4% +/- 2.0% vs 3.0% +/- 0.9%, p <0.001). The prevalence of LV mechanical dyssynchrony (SDI >4.7%) in @entity1 was 93% (95% confidence interval 87% to 100%). The time to minimum regional volume was significantly longer in all of the 6 basal segments and the midposterior segment (all p <0.05) in @entity1 than controls. Multivariate analysis identified RV end-diastolic volume (beta = 0.58, p <0.001), LV ejection fraction (beta = -0.38, p <0.001), and LV end-diastolic volume (beta = 0.26, p = 0.002) as significant correlates of LV SDI. In conclusion, in @entity1 after @entity215 repair, RV @entity1284 has a negative effect on LV systolic function through induction of global LV mechanical dyssynchrony.

title: Impact of right ventricular XXXX on three-dimensional global left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony after surgical repair of @entity215 .

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitant volume']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1284 :: (MESH:D019190,Disease) :: ['volume overload']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent successes in the determination of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) structures have relied on the ability of receptor variants to overcome difficulties in expression and purification. Therefore, the quick screening of functionally expressed stable receptor variants is vital. RESULTS: We developed a platform using @entity375 for the rapid construction and evaluation of functional GPCR variants for structural studies. This platform enables us to perform a screening cycle from construction to evaluation of variants within 6-7 days. We firstly confirmed the functional expression of 25 full-length class A GPCRs in this platform. Then, in order to improve the expression level and stability, we generated and evaluated the variants of the four GPCRs ( @entity2162 , @entity15364 , @entity24675 and @entity13714 ). These stabilized receptor variants improved both functional activity and monodispersity. Finally, the expression level of the stabilized @entity24675 in @entity10056 was improved up to 65 pmol/mg from negligible expression of the functional full-length receptor in @entity375 at first screening. The stabilized @entity24675 was able to be purified for use in crystallization trials. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the @entity375 system should serve as an easy-to-handle and rapid platform for the construction and evaluation of GPCR variants. This platform can be a powerful prescreening method to identify a suitable GPCR variant for crystallography.

title: Platform for the rapid construction and evaluation of GPCRs for crystallography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['S. cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: A total of 240 @entity1 of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) were studied (125 male, 115 female). The age of onset was 60.0 +/- 9.9 years(Y) (mean +/- S.D.) (range 30-87). A 0-4 rating score was applied on each of 6 major symptoms: i.e. @entity400 , @entity2003 , @entity2845 , gait, activities of daily living and fluctuation with maximum score of 24. According to the Hoehn and Yahr's stages, there were 44 cases in stage I, 141 in stage II, 31 in stage III, 19 in stage IV and 5 in stage V. Fluctuation in symptoms occurred in 42.9%, @entity910 in 7.1%, @entity716 in 9.6%, @entity308 in 4.6%, and @entity303 in 2.9%. The mean duration of @entity191 was 4.9 +/- 4.5 Y with 40% 5 years or longer. Significantly longer duration of @entity191 was seen in the @entity1 suffering from fluctuation (6.7 +/- 4.7 Y), @entity910 (10.7 +/- 6.7 Y) and @entity716 (9.4 +/- 6.5 Y). The mean duration of L-dopa treatment was 4.1 +/- 3.4 Y. The @entity1 showing fluctuation (6.2 +/- 4.0 Y) or @entity910 (7.6 +/- 4.7 Y) had significantly longer duration of L-dopa treatment. The mean daily dose of L-dopa was 370 +/- 203 mg. The @entity1 with fluctuation (430 +/- 187 mg) or @entity910 (545 +/- 265 mg) received significantly higher dose of L-dopa. @entity303 tended to occur in the @entity1 having later age of onset of @entity191 (71.2 +/- 11.2 Y). The symptom score was significantly worse in those with fluctuation, @entity910 , @entity716 and @entity303 . It was well correlated with the Hoehn and Yahr's staging system.

title: Abbreviated rating score for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of agreement between prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of @entity75 and subsequent pathologic findings. METHODS: Between August 1993 and August 1999 there were 62 cases where a fetus with a prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of a @entity75 other than neural tube defects underwent autopsy at the Regional Department of Pediatric Pathology. The cerebral diagnosis at ultrasound was compared with the findings at autopsy in all cases. RESULTS: In 47 of 61 (77%) cases the same defects were seen on ultrasound and at autopsy. The most common disparity was with the @entity1647 or variant, where only six of the 14 (43%) cases prenatally diagnosed with this condition showed the same abnormality at autopsy. When fetuses with the @entity1647 or variant were excluded, the scan findings correlated with autopsy in 41 of 47 (87%). In the main group with discordant findings, five of the seven cases where termination of pregnancy was undertaken had other fetal anomalies on ultrasound examination which were confirmed at autopsy. In the sixth case there was autolysis of brain tissue which affected detailed autopsy. CONCLUSIONS: A very high level of agreement between prenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings was found for all abnormalities of the fetal brain, except for the @entity1647 or variant. Potential discrepancy in findings between ultrasound and autopsy should be explained to @entity1 who are considering termination of pregnancy for the @entity1647 .

title: Correlation of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and pathologic findings in fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities', 'brain abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1647 :: ('MESH:D003616', 'Disease') :: ['Dandy-Walker malformation', 'Dandy-Walker type of abnormality']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the applicability of the cytologic examination of serous fluids in the management of @entity5 in @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: A review of the reports of all cytologic specimens of pleural, peritoneal and pericardial fluids from @entity1 examined in our laboratory during a 40-year period. A total of 226 specimens from 146 @entity1 under 18 years old with a documented @entity5 were analyzed by diagnosis and fluid type. The data were tabulated and analyzed in a format that allowed comparison with the results of earlier studies. RESULTS: Eighty-eight specimens (39%) from 66 @entity1 (45%) were suspicious or positive for @entity5 . The positive specimens included @entity706 and @entity1778 (52%), @entity521 (14%), @entity3969 (9%), gonadal and @entity2971 (8%), @entity242 (7%), @entity2785 (5%), @entity2828 (2%) and other @entity5 (3%). Positive results were obtained in 47% (66/139) of pleural fluids, 23% (15/65) of ascitic fluids, 27% (4/15) of peritoneal washings and 43% (3/7) of pericardial fluids. CONCLUSION: Cytologic examination of serous fluids is a simple and useful procedure in the management of pediatric @entity5 . This study showed a higher proportion of positive effusion cytology with @entity706 / @entity1778 and a lower proportion with @entity242 as compared with earlier reports. Pleural fluids were the most common specimen type and showed the highest proportion of positivity.

title: Cytology of pleural, peritoneal and pericardial fluids in XXXX . A 40-year summary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['extragonadal germ cell neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'malignant neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'bone and soft tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: From May 1986 to July 1991, a retrospective review of 27 @entity1 treated with limb salvage surgery for extremity @entity242 , was evaluated by our team. There were 12 males and 15 females with a mean age of 22.7 years (ranging from, 9 to 53 years). The mean of the follow-up period was 27.6 months. (ranging from 6 to 62 months). Twenty-four @entity1 had @entity79 which included 20 @entity421 , 3 @entity511 and one @entity7197 . The locations of @entity79 were the proximal tibia (6 cases), distal femur (5 cases), proximal humerus (4 cases), proximal fibula (3 cases), scapula (3 cases), proximal femur (1 case), tibial shaft (1 case) and pelvis (1 case). The remaining three @entity1 had malignant @entity82 located in scapular, tibialis anterior muscle, and knee regions. In total there were 1 stage IA, 2 stage Ib, 1 stage IIA and 23 stage IIB. Twenty-four cases had wide excisions; two had marginal excisions and one radical excision. There were 17 bone reconstructions consisting of 11 allografts and 6 autografts. At the most recent follow-up examination, 74 per cent of the @entity1 are alive and the overall disease free survival was 63 per cent. Local recurrences occurred in 11 per cent. The major complication rate was 3 per cent and the minor complication rate was 33 per cent. With respect to a functional outcome, 84 per cent of the @entity1 achieved excellent or good results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Limb salvage for extremity XXXX in Ramathibodi Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity7197 :: ('MESH:D050398', 'Disease') :: ['adamantinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity295 induces systemic stress by augmenting inflammatory and procoagulant responses, resulting in @entity409 and end organ failure, events modulated by the protein C pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes; yet, their role in @entity295 is poorly defined. We hypothesized that @entity55480 ( @entity55480 ) selectively alters specific miRNA expression implicated in protection of hepatic function during @entity326 . METHODS: Male @entity35 underwent sham or cecal ligation and puncture surgery; 24 h later, we randomized them to @entity55480 (1 mg/kg) or vehicle (0.9% [w/v] saline) treatment via an indwelling venous catheter (12-h intervals for 24 h). We performed gene array and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis on hepatic RNA to determine miRNA expression and determined predicted mRNA targets using a bioinformatics approach. We confirmed beneficial effects of @entity55480 treatment in the cecal ligation and puncture model of @entity295 by survival and blood chemistries, and histologically. RESULTS: Of 351 @entity35 miRNAs examined, 17 were highly expressed during @entity295 and restored to basal levels after @entity55480 treatment. We confirmed expression of select miRNAs ( @entity41394 , -199a-5p, -203, -211, -222, and -29b) using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In silico analysis identified nine miRNAs significantly regulating target genes of the focal adhesion pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity55480 treatment coordinates beneficial cytoprotective effects during @entity295 by modulating miRNA expression. Whereas translational effects remain to be fully elucidated in a clinical setting, we demonstrate here the potential experimental and computational benefits of using of microRNA analysis in @entity295 .

title: MicroRNA expression following XXXX treatment during @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity55480 :: (24205(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['activated protein C']


abstract: PURPOSE: For macular translocation surgery, the native attached retina has to be detached either locally or completely. Although different surgical techniques are used, there is a general search for supporting procedures that facilitate and accelerate the @entity1713 . METHODS: Pars plana vitrectomies were performed in pigmented @entity95 . In all experimental groups, a local @entity1713 was created by infusing the test solution with a thin glass micropipette attached to a glass syringe. In control animals a standard balanced salt solution was used at room temperature, in combination with a standard vitrectomy light source. In two test groups, a @entity460 - and @entity1760 -free solution was used for the vitrectomy, under illumination by a standard light source in group I (solution at room temperature) and group II (solution heated up to body temperature). In group III the @entity95 were dark-adapted for half an hour, and then, during surgery, a red filter was used in front of the light source (standard balanced salt solution at room temperature). After the @entity95 were killed at the end of surgery, the adherence of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to the neural retina in the detachment area was quantified microscopically, and the morphologic integrity of the detached retinal tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy. No electrophysiology was performed. RESULTS: In all four groups, it was possible to detach the retina. The maximum adherence of the RPE cells to the neural retina was observed in the control group. Virtually no decrease in adherence was found in test group II (36 degrees C solution without @entity460 and @entity1760 ), whereas a significant decrease was seen in both group I ( @entity460 - and @entity1760 -free solution at room temperature) and group III (dark adaptation-red light technique; standard balanced salt solution at room temperature). In none of the experimental groups was any obvious damage of the retinal structure observed, even after exposure to the test solutions for 60 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Both dark adaptation (red illumination) and the use of a @entity12374 - and @entity8723 -free solution (at room temperature) can facilitate @entity1713 in macular translocation surgery. Both techniques are proposed as a gentle support for the operation, because they protect an intact RPE cell layer and do not cause @entity989 at the ultrastructural level.

title: Facilitation of artificial XXXX for macular translocation surgery tested in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity8723 :: ('MESH:D015636', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium chloride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three weeks of @entity8671 ( @entity56480 ) treatment alone and in combination with voluntary training (Tr) on expression of genes involved in @entity165 metabolism ( @entity3244 , @entity56481 , @entity3245 , @entity56482 , @entity34326 , @entity56483 and @entity56484 ) in the liver of eight week-old ovariectomized (Ovx) @entity35 . @entity35 were Ovx or sham-operated (Sham) and kept sedentary for 8 weeks under a standard diet. Thereafter, @entity35 were transferred for three weeks in running wheel cages for Tr or kept sedentary (Sed) with or without @entity56480 treatment (5mg/kg/day). Six groups were formed: Sham-Sed treated with saline (Sal) or @entity56480 (Sham-Sed-Sal; Sham-Sed- @entity56480 ), Ovx-Sed treated with Sal or @entity56480 (Ovx-Sed-Sal; Ovx-Sed- @entity56480 ), Ovx trained treated with Sal or @entity56480 (Ovx-Tr-Sal; Ovx-Tr- @entity56480 ). Ovx-Sed-Sal @entity35 depicted higher (P < 0.05) body weight, plasma total @entity165 (TC) and LDL-C, and liver TC content compared to Sham-Sed-Sal @entity35 . In contrast, mRNA levels of liver @entity56481 , @entity3244 , @entity3245 as well as plasma @entity56481 concentrations and protein levels of @entity3245 were reduced (P < 0.01) in Ovx-Sed-Sal compared to Sham-Sed-Sal @entity35 . However, protein levels of @entity3244 increased (P < 0.05) in Ovx-Sed-Sal compared to Sham-Sed-Sal @entity35 . Treatment of Ovx @entity35 with @entity56480 increased (P < 0.05) mRNA and protein levels of @entity3245 and @entity56481 but not mRNA levels of @entity3244 , while its protein abundance was reduced at the level of Sham @entity35 . As a result, plasma LDL-C was not reduced. Exercise alone did not affect the expression of any of these markers in Ovx @entity35 . Overall, @entity56480 treatment corrected Ovx-induced decrease in gene expression of markers of @entity165 metabolism in liver of Ovx @entity35 , but without reducing plasma LDL-C concentrations. Increased plasma @entity56481 levels could be responsible for the reduction of liver @entity3244 protein abundance and the absence of reduction of plasma LDL-C after @entity56480 treatment.

title: Combined Effects of @entity8671 and Exercise on Gene Expression of Key Molecules Involved in @entity165 Metabolism in Ovariectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: From September to November 1994. 21 @entity1 with active @entity33 were treated with @entity56772 16 mg/kg/day by intramuscular injection for 20 days. They were principally adult male agricultural workers. Thirteen @entity1 had not received specific treatment and eight had failed to respond to Glucantime therapy. Diagnosis was based on clinical and epidemiological observations, a search for the parasite, leishmanin skin sensitivity and indirect fluorescent antibody serological tests. Sixty seven percent of @entity1 had @entity8436 parasites isolated from inoculated hamsters or visualized in imprints or histopathological sections. The mean follow-up period was 12.6 months. All @entity1 completed treatment. Side effects were @entity158 at the injection site (86%); mild @entity644 (24%), elevated serum @entity1011 (.5%) and subclinical bearing loss in one of two @entity1 who did audiometric tests. Clinical cure was achieved in 48% and the accumulated relapse rate was 29% (4/14).

title: [Open therapeutic study with @entity56772 in XXXX caused by @entity8436 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity56772 :: ('CHEBI:7935', 'Chemical') :: ['aminosidine sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal leishmaniasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2449 appears to improve reproductive function in some @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ). We wished to explore the effect of @entity2449 in @entity1 with @entity3610 undergoing IVF. METHODS: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was carried out between 2001 and 2004. @entity1 with @entity3610 undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment using a long GnRH agonist protocol were randomized to receive @entity2449 (MET), 850 mg, or placebo ( @entity1989 ) tablets twice daily from the start of the down-regulation process until the day of oocyte collection. The primary outcome was to be an improvement in the overall fertilization rate. RESULTS: One-hundred and one IVF/ICSI cycles were randomized to receive @entity2449 (52) or to receive placebo (49). There was no difference in the total dose of rFSH required per cycle (median dose: MET = 1200 U, @entity1989 = 1300 U; P = 0.937). The median number of oocytes retrieved per cycle (MET = 17.2, @entity1989 = 16.2; P = 0.459) and the overall fertilization rates (MET = 52.9%, @entity1989 = 54.9%; P = 0.641) did not differ. However, both the clinical pregnancy rates beyond 12 weeks gestation per cycle (MET = 38.5%, @entity1989 = 16.3%; P = 0.023) and per embryo transfer (MET = 44.4%, @entity1989 = 19.1%; P = 0.022) were significantly higher in those treated with @entity2449 . Furthermore, a significant decrease in the incidence of severe @entity43 ( @entity43 ) was observed (MET = 3.8%, @entity1989 = 20.4%; P = 0.023), and this was still significant after adjustment for BMI, total rFSH dose and age (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.76; P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Short-term co-treatment with @entity2449 for @entity1 with @entity3610 undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles does not improve the response to stimulation but significantly improves the pregnancy outcome and reduces the risk of @entity43 .

title: The use of @entity2449 for @entity1 with XXXX undergoing IVF treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'OHSS']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['PCOS']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether lower doses of @entity619 for treatment of @entity1313 edema are as effective as the conventional dose of 16 mg/d. We consecutively executed two double-blind randomized trials in @entity1 with CT-proven brain metastasis and Karnofsky scores of 80 or less. In the first series, we compared 8 mg @entity619 per day versus 16 mg/d; in the second series, 4 mg/d versus 16 mg/d. Standardized evaluation of quality of life and side effects took place at days 0, 7, 28, and 56. We randomized a total of 96 @entity1 and evaluated eighty-nine. The Karnofsky score improved in the 8-mg group, which had improvement of 8.0 +/- 10.1 (mean +/- SD) points at day 7 versus 7.3 +/- 14.2 points in the 16-mg group. In the second series, the 4-mg group had improvement of 6.7 +/- 11.3 points at day 7 and 7.1 +/- 18.2 points at day 28 versus 9.1 +/- 12.4 and 5.6 +/- 18.5 points in the 16-mg group. Toxic effects occurred more frequently in the 16-mg group (p < 0.03). We conclude that administration of 4 mg @entity619 per day for treatment of @entity1313 edema results in the same degree of improvement as does administration of 16 mg/d after 1 week of treatment in @entity1 who have no signs of impending herniation. Toxic effects are dose-dependent and, during a 4-week period, occurred more frequently in @entity1 using 16 mg/d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Dose-effect relationship of @entity619 on Karnofsky performance in metastatic XXXX : a randomized study of doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg per day.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To show results of a prespecified pooled analysis of the studies SPORTIF III (open-label) and SPORTIF V (double-blind), to assess the homogeneity of the results and to explore subgroup analyses and adverse events. METHODS AND RESULTS: 7,329 @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and >or=1 additional @entity64 risk factor were randomized to @entity1229 (international normalized ratio 2.0-3.0) or @entity24772 (36 mg twice daily). Over 11,346 @entity1 -years (mean 18.5 months/ @entity1 ), 184 @entity1 developed primary events of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 ( @entity24772 1.62 vs. @entity1229 1.65%/year; p = 0.94). Heterogeneity between trials with respect to the primary event rate (study-by-treatment interaction p = 0.026) was found. This could not be explained statistically by baseline @entity1 characteristics or by treatment (except perhaps by the better anticoagulation with @entity1229 in SPORTIF V) and was not evident for secondary end-points. There was no conclusive difference in major @entity548 rates ( @entity24772 1.88 vs. @entity1229 2.46%/year; p = 0.054), but combined minor plus major @entity548 was lower with @entity24772 (31.7 vs. 38.7%/year; p < 0.0001). Elevation of liver enzymes occurred more frequently in @entity1 taking @entity24772 (6.1% vs. @entity1229 0.8%; p < 0.0001) and was reversible except in rare cases. CONCLUSIONS: Fixed-dose oral @entity24772 without coagulation monitoring prevented @entity64 and systemic @entity887 as effectively as @entity1229 in @entity1 with @entity955 . Differences in the results of the two trials might relate to consistency of @entity1229 anticoagulation, different degree of blinding in the two trials, other concomitant therapies or chance. Further investigation is required to explore the long-term safety profile of @entity24772 .

title: XXXX prevention using the oral direct thrombin inhibitor @entity24772 in @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 . Pooled analysis from the SPORTIF III and V studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity24772 :: ('MESH:C426686', 'Chemical') :: ['ximelagatran']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In British Columbia, multidisciplinary predialysis clinics encourage @entity1 to consider independent modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT) such as @entity298 ( @entity298 ) 'first'. Despite up to 50% of @entity1 choosing @entity298 , @entity298 incidence rates are ~30%. We explored the relationship between predialysis RRT choice and @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) creation prior to hemodialysis (HD) start with particular focus on the group of @entity1 who despite @entity298 choice actually commence HD, and thus may contribute to 'suboptimal' HD starts without @entity2548 creation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all @entity1 starting dialysis between 31 December, 2006 and 31 December 2008 in the province of British Columbia. Inclusion criteria were >3 months predialysis nephrology follow-up, at least one predialysis RRT education session and maintenance on dialysis for a minimum of 3 months (to ensure chronic dialysis). @entity1 with any prior history of RRT were excluded. RESULTS: There were 508 @entity1 included in the study: 127 (25%) @entity1 chose HD, 114 (22%) @entity298 , 13 (3%) pre-emptive transplant, 5 (1%) conservative management and 249 (49%) had no documented modality decision. Of those who chose HD, 94% commenced HD. For those who chose @entity298 , 64% commenced @entity298 and 36% HD. In the undecided group, 68% started HD and 32% @entity298 . For those @entity1 who chose @entity298 predialysis, the presence of @entity65 [odds ratio (OR) 2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-5.43] and lower serum @entity2313 levels (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.98) were associated with failure to commence @entity298 . Predialysis @entity2548 creation rates were 79% of those who chose and started HD, 39% of those who chose @entity298 but started HD and 50% of those in the undecided group who commenced HD. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2548 creation rates prior to HD start were lower in those @entity1 with no documented dialysis modality choice and in those who failed to commence @entity298 . @entity65 and lower serum @entity2313 levels were associated with failure to start @entity298 . Further work to ensure the efficacy of RRT modality choice pathway and to better predict those @entity1 who will fail to commence @entity298 is necessary, so that dialysis start can be 'optimized' with @entity2548 creation in high-risk groups.

title: Optimizing XXXX creation prior to dialysis start: the role of predialysis renal replacement therapy choices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['AVF']


abstract: We report on the results of surgical treatment of @entity1907 cases intractable to ordinary therapy due to acquired drug-resistance against multiple anti- @entity378 drugs (MDR-Tbc). MATERIAL AND METHOD: From 1983 to 1994, 54 @entity1 were administered surgical treatments (60 interventions in all) for @entity1907 . Among them, 46 were MDR Tbc cases (52 interventions in all) and were enrolled for this study. The Japanese criteria for drug resistance were referred to, the threshold of resistance in each drug being as follows, INH 0.1, RFP 50, EB 2.5, @entity35361 , KM 100, TH 25, EVM 100, CPM 100, CS 40, PAS 1 microgram/ml. Bacteriological examinations of sputa were repeated in the postoperative period until upto several years, and the continued absence of Tbc. bacilli for more than 12 months was considered as cured. RESULTS: (1) 37 @entity1 underwent removal of lung mass including tuberculous foci mainly fibrous cavitary lesions (40 interventions in all). The procedures are as follows 22 @entity9876 and/or partial resections of adjacent lobes. 1 middle lobectomy. A lower lobectomy, 14 pneumonectomies, 2 segmentectomies. In 3 cases, multiple operations were carried out on 2 occasions; 2 @entity9876 followed by completion pneumonectomies. 1 right upper lobectomy followed by left S3 segmentectomy. Except 2 cases having died of @entity55 and suicide within 12 months after operation, we have 38 cases available for evaluation. Bacteriological relapses were confirmed in 7 among 38 cases postoperatively. 2 of these 7 relapsed cases underwent additional completion pneumonectomies and attained complete cure. Bacteriological relapse-rate was therefore 18.4% (7/38) and the ultimate cure rate of pulmonary MDR-Tbc was 88.6% (31/35). (2) 7 @entity1 underwent thoracoplasties (not corrective, once for each @entity1 ). In 2 cases bacteriological relapse was confirmed. Other 5 cases remained bacteriologically silent over a long postoperative period. (3) 4 @entity1 underwent cavernostomies, 3 of them got satisfactory result in reducing the bacterial presence in the sputum (preoperative abundant bacilli (Gaffky 7, 8) turned mean-negative within 2 months after cavernostomy). CONCLUSION: With the above-mentioned results we conclude that surgical treatment is highly effective in intractable pulmonary MDR Tbc cases.

title: [Surgical treatment of multidrug resistant XXXX cases].

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9876 :: ('MESH:D020232', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobectomies']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3251 is considered a rare but potentially severe @entity281 . Prenatal education about @entity3251 could be the most efficient and least harmful intervention, yet its effectiveness is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of prenatal education for preventing @entity3251 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (15 January 2012), PubMed (1966 to 15 January 2012), EMBASE (1980 to 15 January 2012), CINAHL (1982 to 15 January 2012), LILACS (1982 to 15 January 2012), IMEMR (1984 to 15 January 2012), and reference lists of relevant papers, reviews and websites. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of all types of prenatal education on @entity281 during pregnancy. Cluster-randomized trials were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and study quality. Two review authors extracted data. Data were checked for accuracy. MAIN RESULTS: Two cluster-randomized controlled trials (involving a total of 5455 @entity1 ) met the inclusion criteria. The two included trials measured the effectiveness of the intervention in different ways which meant that meta-analysis of the results was not possible One trial (432 @entity1 enrolled) conducted in Canada was judged of low methodological quality. The authors did not report measure of association but only provided P values (P less than 0.05) for all outcomes. Moreover, losses to follow-up were high (34%, 147 out of 432 @entity1 initially enrolled). The authors concluded that prenatal education can effectively change pregnant @entity1 's behavior as it increased pet, personal and food hygiene. The second trial conducted in France was also judged of low methodological quality. Losses to follow-up were high (44.5%, 2233 out of 5023 @entity1 initially enrolled) and differential (40% in the intervention group and 52% in the control group). The authors concluded that prenatal education for @entity3251 has a significant effect on improving @entity1 's knowledge whereas it has no effect on changing @entity1 's behavior. In this trial 17/3949 pregnant @entity1 seroconverted for @entity3252 : 13/2591 (0.5%) in the intervention group and 4/1358 (0.3%) in the control group. The number of events was too small to reach conclusions about the effect of prenatal education on seroconversion rate during pregnancy.No other randomized trials on the effect of prenatal education on @entity3251 rate, or @entity3252 seroconversion rate during pregnancy were detected. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Even though primary prevention of @entity3251 is considered a desirable intervention, given the lack of related risks compared to secondary and tertiary prevention, its effectiveness has not been adequately evaluated. There is very little evidence from RCTs that prenatal education is effective in reducing @entity3251 even though evidence from observational studies suggests it is. Given the lack of good evidence supporting prenatal education for @entity3251 prevention, further RCTs are needed to confirm any potential benefits and to further quantify the impact of different sets of educational intervention.

title: Prenatal education for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toxoplasmoses', 'Congenital toxoplasmosis', 'congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'toxoplasmosis infection']

answer: @entity3251 :: (MESH:D014125,Disease) :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allograft rejection remains a major obstacle to long-term survival in heart transplantation. Recent studies have demonstrated that apoptotic cell death may occur in acute allograft rejection. The purpose of this study was to determine whether apoptotic cell death is involved in @entity35 cardiac allograft rejection through both the perforin/granzyme pathway and the Fas/Fas ligand ( @entity23975 ) pathway. METHODS: Groups of Lewis (RT1(1)) @entity35 underwent heterotopic heart transplantation from disparate DA ( @entity10171 ) or syngeneic Lewis @entity35 . The cardiac grafts were harvested 1, 3, or 5 days after transplantation and analyzed for apoptotic cell death using DNA nick-end labeling, immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopy. In addition, the expression of @entity28994 , perforin, Fas, and @entity23975 messenger RNA were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Apoptotic cell death of cardiac myocytes was prominent in allografts on day 5 after transplantation. Fas gene transcripts were constitutively expressed in both syngeneic and allogeneic grafts, whereas expression of @entity23975 was only upregulated in allografts with ongoing rejection. @entity28994 and perforin gene expression were also upregulated in allografts with ongoing rejection. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that myocyte apoptosis through both the perforin-granzyme pathway and the Fas- @entity23975 pathway may be involved in cardiac allograft rejection in @entity35 .

title: Apoptosis is involved in acute cardiac allograft rejection in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: New isoforms of @entity1759 with alternatively spliced exons have recently been described. Expression of exon v6 seems to be of particular interest. It has indeed been associated with poorer outcome of @entity0 @entity1 with node invasion at diagnosis. However, no data were available for @entity1 N0M0 (with neither @entity3 nor node invasion at diagnosis). Moreover, previous statistical analyses were realized using immunohistochemical methods to detect CD44v6 expression although several variants with exon v6 have been described. We investigated expression of isoforms containing CD44v6 using an RT-PCR approach and a panel of 25 normal breast specimens, 10 mammary @entity1557 , 8 cystic samples and 52 primary @entity0 (38 invasive N0M0). Normal breasts, @entity1557 , and cysts all express the same variant, A (with exon v6 only), while several transcripts are amplified in @entity5 . Expression of variants other than A correlates with acquisition of a malignant phenotype. Invasive @entity5 also express additional variants in comparison with in situ @entity189 . @entity3 capacities seem to be associated with transcription of variants other than A but also with no transcription of some of them, variants D (with exons v6 and v10) and L (with exons v6 to v10). Expression of variants D and L correlates with higher percentages of disease-free survival and better outcome. Expression of @entity1759 splice variants with exon v6, as detected by RT-PCR, might be a useful prognostic factor for @entity0 . However, since the series size is small, our results need to be confirmed by later studies on a larger number of @entity1 .

title: XXXX isoforms with exon v6 and @entity3 of primary N0M0 @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas']

answer: @entity1759 :: (960,Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency, characteristics, treatment and outcome of @entity1 with @entity43 ( @entity43 ) in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during the period January 1992 - December 2000. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study MATERIAL AND METHOD: All @entity1 with @entity43 in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during the period January 1992 - December 2000 were analyzed by the characteristics of @entity1 , treatment and outcome. RESULTS: Sixty-six @entity1 with @entity43 were demonstrated in that period with a mean age of 22.6 years old. Most of the @entity1 were nulliparous and premenopausal status. Primary surgery was done in all @entity1 . Forty-two @entity1 (63.6%) received conservative surgery. Eight @entity1 received no adjuvant treatment after surgery due to stage 1A @entity5000 and @entity44 stage I grade I. Fifty-six @entity1 received chemotherapy for adjuvant treatment. VAC regimen was given in 27 cases (40.9%) and @entity7297 regimen was given in 25 cases (37.9%). Salvage therapy in the @entity1 with persistent and recurrent disease was treated in 9 @entity1 , who received a @entity902 -base of regimen. Two-year survival was 88% with the median time to follow up 24 months. Overall five-year survival in the present study was 85%. CONCLUSION: @entity43 in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital had clinical characteristics similar to other studies in @entity43 Treatment by VAC regimen still has benefit in selected group.

title: XXXX in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['MOGCT', 'malignant ovarian germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immature teratoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Malignant ovarian germ cell tumor']