abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent evidence indicates an involvement of P2X7 purinergic receptor (P2X7R) in the fine tuning of immune functions, as well as in driving enteric neuron apoptosis under @entity32 . However, the participation of this receptor in the regulation of enteric neuromuscular functions remains undetermined. This study was aimed at investigating the role of P2X7Rs in the control of colonic motility in experimental @entity1960 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: @entity1960 was induced in @entity35 by @entity17563 . P2X7R distribution was examined by immunofluorescence analysis. The effects of @entity58312 (selective P2X7R antagonist) and @entity22657 (P2X7R agonist) were tested on contractions of longitudinal smooth muscle evoked by electrical stimulation or by @entity5402 in the presence of tetrodotoxin. KEY RESULTS: P2X7Rs were predominantly located in myenteric neurons, but, in the presence of @entity1960 , their expression increased in the neuromuscular layer. In normal preparations, @entity58312 elicited a negligible increase in electrically induced contractions, while a significant enhancement was recorded in inflamed tissues. In the presence of N  -propyl-L-arginine ( @entity5563 , neuronal @entity842 synthase inhibitor) the @entity58312 effects were lost. P2X7R stimulation with @entity22657 did not significantly affect electrical-induced contractions in normal colon, while a marked reduction was recorded under @entity32 . The inhibitory effect of @entity22657 was antagonized by @entity58312 , and it was also markedly blunted by NPA. Both P2X7R ligands did not affect @entity5402 -induced contractions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The purinergic system contributes to functional neuromuscular changes associated with bowel @entity32 via P2X7Rs, which modulate the activity of excitatory cholinergic nerves through a facilitatory control on inhibitory nitrergic pathways.

title: Involvement of the P2X7 Purinergic Receptor in Colonic Motor Dysfunction Associated with Bowel Inflammation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'Colitis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity17563 :: ('MESH:C001073', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Hemodynamic, cardiac, and hormonal responses to lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) were examined in 24 healthy @entity1 to test the hypothesis that responsiveness of reflex control of blood pressure during orthostatic challenge is associated with interactions between strength and aerobic power. Subjects underwent treadmill tests to determine peak @entity26 uptake (VO2max) and isokinetic dynamometer tests to determine knee extensor strength. Based on predetermined criteria, subjects were classified into one of four fitness profiles of six subjects each, matched for age, height, and body mass: (a) low strength/average aerobic fitness, (b) low strength/high aerobic fitness, (c) high strength/average aerobic fitness, and (d) high strength/high aerobic fitness. Following 90 min of 0.11 rad (6 degrees) @entity135 ( @entity135 ), each subject underwent graded LBNP to -6.7 kPa or @entity1163 , with maximal duration 15 min, while hemodynamic, cardiac, and hormonal responses were measured. All groups exhibited typical hemodynamic, hormonal, and fluid shift responses during LBNP, with no intergroup differences between high and low strength characteristics. Subjects with high aerobic power exhibited greater (P < 0.05) @entity64 volume and lower (P < 0.05) heart rate, vascular peripheral resistance, and mean arterial pressure during rest, @entity135 , and LBNP. Seven subjects, distributed among the four fitness profiles, became @entity1163 . These subjects showed greatest reduction in mean arterial pressure during LBNP, had greater elevations in vasopressin, and lesser increases in heart rate and peripheral resistance. Neither VO2max nor leg strength were associated with @entity551 or with @entity1163 . We conclude that interactions between aerobic and strength fitness characteristics do not influence responses to LBNP challenge.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to lower body negative pressure in XXXX with varying profiles of strength and aerobic power.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HDT', 'head-down tilt']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncopal', 'syncopal episodes', 'presyncope']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in arterial pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity794 is a medically important bacterial pathogen that, during @entity281 , acquires @entity68 from @entity1 hemoglobin (Hb). It uses two closely related @entity68 -regulated surface determinant (Isd) proteins to capture and extract the oxidized form of @entity1446 (hemin) from Hb, IsdH and IsdB. Both receptors rapidly extract hemin using a conserved tri-domain unit consisting of two NEAT (near @entity68 transporter) domains connected by a helical linker domain. To gain insight into the mechanism of extraction, we used NMR to investigate the structure and dynamics of the 38.8-kDa tri-domain IsdH protein (IsdH(N2N3), A326-D660 with a @entity59037 mutation that prevents hemin binding). The structure was modeled using long-range paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) distance restraints, dihedral angle, small-angle X-ray scattering, residual dipolar coupling and inter-domain NOE nuclear Overhauser effect data. The receptor adopts an extended conformation wherein the linker and N3 domains pack against each other via a hydrophobic interface. In contrast, the N2 domain contacts the linker domain via a hydrophilic interface and, based on NMR relaxation data, undergoes inter-domain motions enabling it to reorient with respect to the body of the protein. Ensemble calculations were used to estimate the range of N2 domain positions compatible with the PRE data. A comparison of the Hb-free and Hb-bound forms reveals that Hb binding alters the positioning of the N2 domain. We propose that binding occurs through a combination of conformational selection and induced-fit mechanisms that may promote hemin release from Hb by altering the position of its F helix.

title: The PRE-Derived NMR Model of the 38.8-kDa Tri-Domain IsdH Protein from @entity794 Suggests That It Adaptively Recognizes XXXX Hemoglobin.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The contribution of the angiotensin (Ang) II type 2 receptor ( @entity11082 ) to @entity1283 is still controversial. Here we examined the effect of overexpressing the @entity1 @entity11082 in cultured porcine cardiac fibroblasts (pFib) on proliferation, procollagen I mRNA expression, and - as putatively underlying signal-transduction pathways - on mitogen-activated protein kinase @entity12206 / @entity3963 and @entity10393 phosphatase activities. As quantitated by 125I-( @entity46724 ,Ile8)-Ang II binding, transduction of cardiac fibroblasts with the adenoviral @entity11082 expression vector led to a six- to tenfold higher @entity19496 than endogenous @entity7743 ( @entity7743 ) expression. The overexpressed @entity11082 had the same apparent molecular mass as the endogenous @entity11082 in @entity35 PC12W cells. Proliferation was not significantly lower in @entity11082 expressing pFib than in antisense-transduced controls (TA2) upon stimulation with Ang II ( @entity11082 110.5+/-4.8% vs. TA2 110.2+/-5.5%), Ang II plus the @entity7743 blocker @entity7056 (97.1+/-1.4% vs. 108.0+/-5.0; P=0.052) and the partial @entity11082 antagonist @entity22179 at the agonistic concentration of 50 nM (92.1+/-2.7% vs. 99.8+/-3.1%; P=0.053). Procollagen Ialpha2 ( @entity4173 ) mRNA levels were quantitated by (a) northern blot analysis and (b) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. @entity4173 / @entity7501 (a) and @entity4173 /beta-actin (b) ratios revealed no differences between @entity11082 -transduced fibroblasts and antisense controls when stimulated with Ang II (1 microM, 24 h) plus @entity7056 and 10 ng/ml transforming growth factor beta1. Ang II stimulation of the endogenous @entity7743 increased @entity3962 activities. This response was reduced by @entity7056 , but @entity11083 had no effect. Time course and magnitude of Ang II stimulated @entity12206 / @entity3963 activation was identical in @entity11082 -transduced and control cells. Also, neither simultaneous nor Ang II pre-stimulation, suggested to induce gene expression of the @entity14520 , modulated @entity4514 -stimulated @entity12206 / @entity3963 activation in @entity11082 -transduced pFib, in @entity11082 -transduced @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells, and in PC12W cells. By the use of a @entity669 phosphatase assay we observed an inhibition of @entity10393 phosphatase activity by 30.8% (P=0.009, n=5) after 5 min Ang II stimulation of @entity11082 -expressing pFib. Immunoprecipitation- @entity669 phosphatase assays revealed that inhibition of @entity10393 phosphatase 1B, which regulates insulin signaling, contributed to this effect. In conclusion, stimulation of the overexpressed @entity1 @entity11082 in porcine cardiac fibroblasts inhibited @entity669 phosphatase activity but had no significant effect on fibroblast functions related to @entity299 . It is conceivable that possible antifibrotic @entity11082 effects are species specific and/or require the interaction between fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, probably via paracrine factors, or mechanical load.

title: Adenovirus-mediated overexpression and stimulation of the @entity1 @entity19496 in porcine cardiac fibroblasts does not modulate proliferation, collagen I mRNA expression and @entity12206 / XXXX activity, but inhibits protein @entity669 phosphatases.

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['Irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['AT1R', 'Ang II type 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity14520 :: ('1843', 'Gene') :: ['MAP kinase phosphatase 1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity3963 :: (5594,Gene) :: ['ERK2']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of the new long-acting @entity935 agonist @entity9229 were evaluated in 127 hyperprolactinemic @entity1 (124F and 3M; 71 with @entity2013 , 14 with @entity2013 , 5 with operated @entity2013 and 37 with @entity74 ) who were treated with the drug for from 3 to 52 months (median, 14 months). @entity9229 was administered orally at dose levels ranging between 0.2 and 3.5 mg per week, given once weekly in 92 @entity1 , twice weekly in 22, thrice weekly in 9 and daily in 4. Serum @entity4090 and @entity1420 levels, hematology, blood chemistry and electrocardiograms were frequently evaluated throughout treatment. CT or MR imaging of the pituitary was repeated during treatment in @entity1 with @entity2013 and in 38 with @entity2013 . After drug discontinuation, serum @entity4090 and gonadal function were evaluated monthly for three months in 65 @entity1 and for up to two years in 12. Serum @entity4090 levels were normalized in 114 @entity1 (90%). Of 56 @entity1 with @entity2588 , 52 resumed menses (with presumptive evidence of ovulation in 49); 17 @entity1 became pregnant; and sexual potency was restored in the 3 @entity1 . Evidence of @entity5 shrinkage was obtained in 13 of the 14 @entity1 with @entity2013 and in 28 of 38 with @entity2013 ; complete disappearance of the @entity5 image was achieved in 2 macro and 14 @entity2013 . A total of 48 adverse events was reported by 29 @entity1 (23%), almost all typical of the pharmacological class and mild to moderate; no @entity1 withdrew from treatment due to adverse events. Safety parameters did not change. Following @entity9229 discontinuation, @entity4090 levels increased slowly, being still markedly lower than pretreatment values after three months; 10 @entity1 out of 32 had persistently normal @entity4090 levels during one year of follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity9229 in the long-term therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['microprolactinomas', 'macroprolactinoma', 'microprolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['Cabergoline', 'cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinemic disorders']


abstract: Tissues from corticosteroid-treated gerbils hyperinfected with Strongyloides stercoralis were compared grossly and microscopically to similar tissues from animals with @entity13739 . Gerbils with hyperinfection developed severe @entity548 with a variable degree of subacute @entity401 associated with numerous alveolar, vascular and interstitial larvae. Hyperinfection induced by @entity288 , given either before inoculation of S. stercoralis larvae or after a chronic @entity281 was established, produced similar lesions. In contrast, lungs from gerbils with uncomplicated @entity281 had severe @entity1712 and @entity1333 with @entity548 , no @entity55 and no larvae. Sections of adult worms were present in the proximal part of the intestinal tract, lodged in spaces between mucosal epithelial cells. Adult worms were not associated with @entity32 and were more common in the @entity228 -treated gerbils. In corticosteroid-treated gerbils only, there were numerous larvae in the distal intestinal tract, throughout the intestinal wall and adjacent mesentery, within interstitial tissues and in lymphatic vessels. Significant @entity32 with associated larvae was only present in the caecum and mesenteric lymph nodes, suggesting that the caecum was the main site for initiation of parenteral migration with subsequent invasion of the lymphatic system and lungs. The lesions in these gerbils were similar to those found in @entity1 . Infection of gerbils with S. stercoralis is the best rodent model of @entity1 @entity13739 .

title: Strongyloides stercoralis: histopathology of uncomplicated and hyperinfective XXXX in the Mongolian gerbil, a rodent model for @entity1 @entity13739 [corrected].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic perivasculitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage', 'very little haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Strongyloides infection']

entities_list: @entity13739 :: ('MESH:D013322', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated strongyloidiasis', 'strongyloidiasis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity13739 :: (MESH:D013322,Disease) :: ['strongyloidiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: During enucleative partial nephrectomy excision is performed adjacent to the @entity5 edge. To better determine the oncologic propriety of enucleative partial nephrectomy we histologically examined the @entity5 -parenchyma interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archived @entity1710 and @entity1711 stained slides of 124 nephrectomy specimens were rereviewed. We evaluated representative sections of @entity5 abutting the renal parenchyma and overlying pseudocapsule/perirenal fat were selected at 4 mm(2) sectors apportioned 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm, respectively, from the @entity5 edge. RESULTS: Median @entity5 size was 3.5 cm. Of the @entity5 111 were malignant (90%)  and 119 (96%) had a pseudocapsule with a median thickness of 0.6 mm. Of @entity5 82% and 31%, respectively, had an intrarenal pseudocapsule (p <0.001). Pseudocapsule invasion was noted in 45% of @entity5 and 15% of @entity5 (p <0.04). Of pT1a @entity5 36% showed intrarenal pseudocapsule invasion. No @entity1 had positive surgical margins. Intrarenal pseudocapsule invasion correlated with @entity1358 histology but not with @entity5 size, grade, @entity39 or margin width. @entity32 , @entity9161 , @entity631 and @entity4288 decreased with increasing distance from the @entity5 edge. At 1 mm changes were moderate to severe in 38%, 32%, 20% and 17% of @entity5 while at 5 mm changes were mild in 2.5%, 0.8%, 0.8% and 4%, respectively (p <0.001). Mean arteriolar diameter decreased with @entity5 proximity (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity703 have an intrarenal pseudocapsule. Partial nephrectomy excision adjacent to the @entity5 edge appears to be histologically safe. Because 18% of @entity5 lacked a discernible intrarenal pseudocapsule and 25% of @entity2558 a @entity5 showed intrarenal pseudocapsule invasion, extreme care is needed to avoid positive margins during enucleative partial nephrectomy.

title: Histological analysis of the XXXX -parenchyma interface.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant and benign tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancers']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Females develop @entity65 and @entity1028 later in life than males. In this study we investigated the diameter and compliance of the distal abdominal aorta in healthy females of varying ages. The results were compared with those obtained previously from healthy males in order to assess potential sex-related differences in the aging process of the abdominal aorta. METHODS: An ultrasound phase-locked echo-tracking system was used to determine differences in diameter and pulsatile diameter change of the distal abdominal aorta in 69 Caucasian females from 4 to 74 years. Pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep) and @entity2693 (beta) were calculated from diameter, pulsatile diameter change and blood pressure obtained by the auscultatory method. Compliance was defined as the inverse of Ep and beta. The pressure dependence of Ep and beta was evaluated in 10 females with intraarterial blood pressure measurement at rest and during isometric exercise. RESULTS: The diameter of the distal abdominal aorta increased not only in the period between the ages of 5 and 25 years, but also by about 24% between 25 and 70 years (p < 0.0001). From about the age of 25 years the diameter was smaller in females than in males (p < 0.01). Ep and beta increased nearly linearly with advancing age in females from 0.18 x 10(5) to 1.17 x 10(5) N/m2 (Ep) and from 1.85 to 8.51 (beta). In males the increase in Ep and beta was greater and exponential in nature (p < 0.001). Ep but not beta increased significantly during blood pressure increase (p < 0.05). @entity2693 (beta) may therefore be a more useful index of arterial compliance than Ep. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation demonstrates age and sex-related differences in diameter and compliance in the normal @entity1 abdominal aorta and implies that degenerative changes appear later in females than in males.

title: Compliance and diameter in the XXXX abdominal aorta--the influence of age and sex.

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness', 'Stiffness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity409 is a common complication after radical pelvic surgery. To reduce this complication, nerve-sparing radical pelvic surgery was introduced. However, several @entity1 experienced voiding difficulty despite nerve-sparing radical pelvic surgery. Thus, we investigated the functional and molecular changes of the bladder in @entity35 , which demonstrated @entity409 induced by @entity16 during nerve-sparing radical pelvic surgery. Male @entity35 were used and assigned to normal, sham-operated, and bilateral crushing nerve bundles from major @entity530 (MPG) to bladder group. After one, two, and four-week @entity130 , significantly decreased contractile response and increased connective tissue of the detrusor were observed and these results were reliable findings with voiding difficulty following nerve-sparing radical pelvic surgery. After @entity130 , significantly increased M2 muscarinic receptor expression was observed and this might be regarded as the compensatory response. However, M3 muscarinic receptor expression was not significantly changed. The expression of @entity20757 , ROCK-a, and ROCK-b was significantly increased after one, two, and four-week @entity130 . From these results, the down-regulation of @entity20757 /Rho kinase pathway might lead to the decreased bladder contractility after @entity128 bundles from MPG to the bladder despite of the compensated up-regulation of M2 muscarinic receptor.

title: Functional and molecular changes of the bladder in @entity35 with XXXX bundles from major @entity530 to the bladder: role of @entity20757 /Rho kinase pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction', 'Voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['crushing injury of nerve']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic ganglion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crushing injury']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['crushing injury of nerve']


abstract: Targeted delivery of therapeutics is an alternative approach for the selective treatment of @entity166 . The surface of African trypanosomes, the causative agents of @entity7247 , is covered by a surface coat consisting of a single variant surface glycoprotein, termed VSG. This coat is recycled by endocytosis at a very high speed, making the trypanosome surface an excellent target for the delivery of trypanocidal drugs. Here, we report the design of a drug nanocarrier based on poly ethylen glycol ( @entity970 ) covalently attached (PEGylated) to poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide acid) ( @entity7050 ) to generate PEGylated @entity7050 nanoparticles. This nanocarrier was coupled to a single domain heavy chain antibody fragment (nanobody) that specifically recognizes the surface of the protozoan pathogen @entity3177 . Nanoparticles were loaded with @entity7341 , the first-line drug for T. b. gambiense @entity697 . An in vitro effectiveness assay showed a 7-fold decrease in the half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the formulation relative to free drug. Furthermore, in vivo therapy using a @entity19 model of @entity7247 demonstrated that the formulation cured all infected @entity19 at a 10-fold lower dose than the minimal full curative dose of free @entity7341 and 60% of @entity19 at a 100-fold lower dose. This nanocarrier has been designed with components approved for use in @entity1 and loaded with a drug that is currently in use to treat the disease. Moreover, this flexible nanobody-based system can be adapted to load any compound, opening a range of new potential therapies with application to other diseases.

title: Nanobody conjugated XXXX nanoparticles for active targeting of @entity7247 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity7341 :: ('MESH:D010419', 'Chemical') :: ['pentamidine']

entities_list: @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['African trypanosomiasis']

answer: @entity7050 :: (MESH:C043435,Chemical) :: ['PLGA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This 2-year experimental study evaluated the effectiveness and cost of 10 intensive @entity146 community care (IPCC) programs at Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers in the northeastern United States. METHODS: High users of inpatient services were randomly assigned to either IPCC or standard Department of Veterans Affairs care at 6 general medical and surgical hospitals (n=271 vs 257) and 4 neuropsychiatric hospitals (n=183 vs 162). @entity1 interviews every 6 months and national computerized data were used to assess clinical outcomes, health service use, health care costs, and non-health care costs. RESULTS: There was only 1 significant clinical difference between groups across follow-up periods: IPCC @entity1 at general medical and surgical sites had higher community living skills. However, at the final interview, IPCC @entity1 at general medical and surgical sites showed significantly lower symptoms, higher functioning, and greater satisfaction with services. Treatment with IPCC significantly reduced hospital use only at neuropsychiatric sites (320 vs 513 days, P<.001). Total societal costs, including the cost of IPCC, were lower for IPCC at neuropsychiatric sites ( 82,454 vs  116,651, P<.001), but greater at general medical and surgical sites ( 51,537 vs  46,491, P<.01). When 2 sites that incompletely implemented the model were dropped from the analysis, costs at general medical and surgical sites were  38 lower for IPCC (P=.26). CONCLUSIONS: At acute care hospitals, IPCC treatment is associated with greater long-term clinical improvement and, when fully implemented, is cost-neutral. At long-stay hospitals treating older, less-functional @entity1 , it is not associated with clinical or functional improvement but generates substantial cost savings. Intensive @entity146 community care thus has beneficial, but somewhat different, outcome profiles at different types of hospitals.

title: Cost-effectiveness of intensive XXXX community care for high users of inpatient services.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Established @entity5 suppress antitumor immune responses and induce tolerance by incompletely characterized mechanisms, and this phenomenon is an important barrier to @entity5 immunotherapy. Single vaccination with @entity5 cells expressing @entity16531 -Ig stimulates robust expansion of @entity5 -specific CTLs in @entity5 -na  ve @entity19 and this expansion is inhibited by established @entity5 . Interestingly, frequent vaccinations restore antitumor immune responses in the presence of established @entity5 . Syngeneic EG7 @entity5 -bearing @entity19 have heterogeneous responses to frequent vaccination with EG7- @entity16531 -Ig, with 32% complete responders and 68% partial responders. Comparison of responders to nonresponders revealed an inverse correlation between @entity5 -specific CTL expansion in the peripheral blood and @entity5 size. To identify immune cells and molecules associated with effective antitumor immune responses, reverse transcription-PCR arrays were performed using cells isolated from the vaccination site. ELISAs, cellular phenotyping, and @entity5 immunohistochemistry were also performed comparing vaccine responders to nonresponders. These data show that up-regulation of T-bet, RORgammat, @entity60 , @entity22741 , @entity12426 , and @entity15369 at the vaccination site are associated with vaccine-induced antitumor immunity. These data correlate with increased CTL expansion in the peripheral blood of responders, increased infiltration of responder @entity5 by CD8+ cells and interleukin-17+ cells, and decreased infiltration of responder @entity5 by @entity3804 +Gr-1+ cells and @entity3744 + cells. Furthermore, serum ELISAs revealed a significant elevation of transforming growth factor-beta in nonresponders as compared with responders. Interestingly, CD8+ T cells isolated from responders and nonresponders have equivalent cytotoxic activity in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that established @entity5 may escape immunosurveillance by preventing clonal expansion of @entity5 -specific CTL without inducing anergy.

title: Tumor-induced suppression of CTL expansion and subjugation by XXXX -Ig vaccination.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity16531 :: (22027(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['gp96']


abstract: AIM: The aims of the present study were to investigate the effectiveness of exercise intervention provided by a medical support team specializing in lifestyle-related diseases in the treatment of elderly @entity1746 and to examine the influence of bodyweight decrease on changes in the evaluation indexes. METHODS: @entity1 were 61 @entity1 (57 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , aged 68.3    9.6 years) with @entity1746 (109 @entity2720 ) and either one or more of the following diseases: @entity28 , @entity209 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . Indexes relating to @entity209 , @entity74 , lifestyle activity level and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were obtained before and after exercise intervention. RESULTS: The numbers of @entity1 with @entity28 , @entity209 , @entity164 2 @entity6 , gonarthrosis and @entity570 were 56, 49, 32, 56 and 9, respectively. The mean intervention period was 4.7    1.6 months (2-10.8 months). Indexes relating to @entity209 and @entity74 , activity level and HRQOL were all significantly improved after intervention (P < 0.05). Bodyweight decreased by 10.3% and showed a correlation with other evaluated items. Five explanatory variables were extracted through multiple regression analysis that bodyweight reduction rate was set as the criterion variable: changes of bodyweight, body mass index, percent body fat, glycated hemoglobin and total energy expenditure per bodyweight. CONCLUSION: The exercise intervention provided by our medical support team clearly improved indexes relating to @entity209 and @entity74 . In addition, decreased bodyweight was related to improvements in metabolic factors, motor function and HRQOL.

title: Effects of physical exercise prescribed by a medical support team on elderly XXXX combined with @entity209 and/or @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['orthopedic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total diseased joints']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['coxarthrosis']

answer: @entity1746 :: (MESH:D020335,Disease) :: ['lower extremity osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in terms of perfusion parameters using volume perfusion CT (VPCT) and two different calculation methods, compare their results, look for interobserver agreement of measurements and correlation between @entity5 arterialization and lesion size. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was part of a prospective monitoring study in @entity1 with @entity157 undergoing @entity3375 , which was approved by the local Institutional Review Board. 79 @entity157 - @entity1 (mean age, 64.7) with liver @entity82 were enrolled. VPCT was performed for 40s covering the involved liver (80kV, 100/120mAs) using 64mm*0.6mm collimation, 26 consecutive volume measurements, 50mL iodinated contrast IV and 5mL/s flow rate. Mean/maximum blood flow (BF; ml/100mL/min), blood volume (BV) and k-trans were determined both with the maximum slope+Patlak vs. deconvolution method. Additionally, the portal venous liver perfusion (PVP), the arterial liver perfusion (ALP) and the @entity99 ( @entity99 ) were determined for each @entity5 including size measurements. Interobserver agreement for all perfusion parameters was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS: The max. slope+Patlak method yielded: BFmean/max=37.8/57mL/100g-tissue/', BVmean/max=9.8/11.1mL/100g-tissue, k-trans-mean/max=34.4/44.5mL/100g-tissue/'. For the deconvolution method BFmean/max, BVmean/max and, k-trans-mean/max were 68.3/106.1mL/100g-tissue/', 12.6/15.5mL/100g-tissue and 24/33.8mL/100g-tissue/'. Mean ALP, PVP, @entity99 and size were 53.7mL/100g-tissue/', 2.4mL/100g-tissue/', 96.4 and 3.5cm, respectively. Interobserver agreement measured with intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) was very good for all perfusion parameters (>= 0.99). Best correlation between calculation methods was achieved for measurements of BF, while BV and k-trans values were less correlated. There was no relationship between @entity99 and lesion size. CONCLUSION: VPCT can measure @entity5 volume perfusion non-invasively and enables quantification of the degree of @entity157 arterialization. Results are dependent on the technique used with best inter-method correlation for BF. @entity5 @entity99 did not proved size-dependent.

title: XXXX ( @entity157 ) lesions using a novel CT-based volume perfusion (VPCT) technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HPI', 'hepatic perfusion index']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In France in 2009, @entity1 admitted to Multidisciplinary Inpatient Rehabilitation for @entity64 were sent to a neurological rehabilitation center (NRC) or a general or geriatric rehabilitation (GRC) service. OBJECTIVE: To describe the functional outcome of @entity64 @entity1 admitted for rehabilitation in France in 2009, both globally and as a function of the rehabilitation setting (GRC or NRC). METHODS: Data from the French Hospital Discharge Diagnosis databases for 2009 were included. Two logistic regression models were used to analyze factors related to improvement in @entity734 score and discharge home. Odds ratios (ORs) were also calculated. RESULTS: Among the 83 505 survivors of acute @entity64 in 2009, 28 201 were admitted for rehabilitation (33.8%). Of these, 19 553 went to GRC (69%) and 8648 to NRC (31%). On average, @entity1 admitted to GRC were older (78.6 years vs 66.4 years), P < .001). At the start of rehabilitation, 50% of NRC @entity1 and 56% of GRC @entity1 were heavily dependent, but level of @entity734 was similar within each age-group. Rehabilitation in NRC lead to a greater probability of functional improvement (OR = 1.75, P < .001) and home discharge (OR = 1.61, P < .001) after adjustment for gender, age, Charlson's comorbidity index, initial level of @entity734 , type of @entity64 , and total length of stay. CONCLUSION: This study confirms, on a national level, the functional benefit of specialized rehabilitation in NRC. These results should be useful in the improvement of care pathways, organization of rehabilitation, and discharge planning.

title: Effect of rehabilitation setting on @entity734 following XXXX : an analysis of the French inpatient database.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: A noninvasive method for assessment of the extent of @entity519 in experimental and @entity1 @entity5 is highly needed. In this study, the potential usefulness of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was investigated, using @entity7241 ( @entity7241 ) as contrast agent and A-07 @entity1 @entity320 xenografts as @entity5 model. DCE-MRI was performed at a voxel size of 0.3 x 0.6 x 2.0 mm3 with spoiled gradient-recalled sequences. Images of E . F (E is the initial extraction fraction of @entity7241 and F is perfusion) and lambda (the partition coefficient of @entity7241 , which is proportional to extracellular volume fraction) were obtained by Kety analysis of @entity9243 -MRI data. The study was based on the hypothesis that @entity519 tissue would have low E . F (i.e., poor @entity26 supply) and/or low lambda (i.e., high cell density and, hence, high @entity26 consumption rate). Twenty-two @entity5 were first subjected to DCE-MRI and then to measurement of fraction of @entity519 cells, using a radiobiological assay. E . F was found to be strongly correlated to fraction of @entity519 cells (P < 0.000001), whereas significant correlation between lambda and fraction of @entity519 cells could not be detected. It is thus possible that E . F may be a useful parameter for the extent of @entity519 in experimental and @entity1 @entity5 with physiologic properties similar to those of @entity5 . This possibility warrants further studies involving experimental @entity5 of several lines, as well as @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Assessment of fraction of radiobiologically @entity519 cells in @entity1 XXXX xenografts by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A-07 tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate dimeglumine', 'Gd-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: In an open three-center pilot study, 17 @entity1 suffering from chronic persistent @entity158 , due to @entity570 and knee or spondylarthrosis, were treated orally with 1800-2400 mg @entity5018 per day for 3 weeks. The @entity1118 and joint status were assessed by the physician at the beginning, and after 7, 14 and 21 days. Self-assessments were made by the @entity1 six times daily during the full study period by means of battery-driven electronic diaries (E.D.). The data entered by the @entity1 were stored in the E.D. and after online transfer, processed and evaluated in a PC using appropriate software programs. E.D. were returned by 16 of 17 @entity1 for evaluation. The technical functioning of the instrument was perfect; its use was accepted by @entity1 and physicians. The closely-meshed real-time recording of @entity158 course and other subjective data, such as adverse events or medication, etc., enables the physician to calculate more exactly and reliably improvement rates, as well as to carry out prognostic trend analyses and individual benefit-risk-ratio estimates. By comparing different kinds of data, each entered at the same time, plausibility checks are possible. The procedure presented here is considered to be a new valuable tool for reviewing subjective data from clinical drug trials.

title: [Real time collection of @entity158 profile in treatment with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the hip']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a selective @entity10178 inhibitor on @entity46 xenografts in @entity465 @entity19 . DESIGN: Prospective placebo-controlled study. SETTING: An academic facility at a Japanese university graduate school of medicine. @entity1 (S): Eight @entity1 @entity43 from seven @entity1 . ANIMAL(S): Twenty-three female @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 . INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 @entity43 were implanted into the peritonea of @entity466 @entity19 . Vehicle alone or @entity8228 (a selective @entity10178 inhibitor, 10 mg/kg of weight per day) were administered orally daily for 56 days after implantation. @entity19 were killed on the 56th day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Change in explants size and immunohistochemical analyses to evaluating the proliferation index, apoptosis index, microvessel density, and labeling index assessing vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity10178 expression by the endometriotic lesion. RESULT(S): @entity8228 significantly decreased implant size in comparison to vehicle alone ( @entity8228 [medians, with range in brackets]: 22.0% [19.0%-36.7%] vs. vehicle: 41.2% [31.0%-55.3%], P<.01). Microvessel density (85.3 per mm2 [53.9-157.0 per mm2] vs. 121.8 per mm2 [97.2-259.6 per mm2], P=.02) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (0.4 [0-1.1] vs. 0.6 [0.5-2.1], P=.03) and @entity10178 (0.4 [0.4-0.5] vs. 0.6 [0.4-0.8], P=.03) labeling indices in stromal cells were significantly lower in the @entity8228 group than in the vehicle group. There were no differences in the proliferation or apoptosis indices between the two groups. CONCLUSION(S): Selective @entity10178 inhibitors decreased the size of implants and effectively treated @entity46 .

title: A selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor suppresses the growth of XXXX xenografts via antiangiogenic activity in @entity466 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: To determine the duration of antibody after low-dose, intradermal (i.d.), plasma-derived @entity1956 vaccination and the response to a booster dose, we studied two classes of medical students who were immunized with 2 micrograms doses i.d. In one class, 73/88 (85%) who had been immunized by skilled personnel at 0, 1 and 6 months, had protective concentrations (greater than or equal to 10 mIU @entity4654 ) of anti-HBs at 20 months after the first dose. Twelve (92%) out of 13 students who received only two doses at 0 and 1 months also had protective concentrations at month 20. At month 27, 11/16 (69%) with antibody less than or equal to 10 mIU @entity4654 responded to a fourth dose of 2 micrograms i.d. with protective concentrations of anti-HBs. In the second class, after three doses of vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months, protective concentrations of anti-HBs were present in 90/93 (97%) at 14 months and in 71/80 (89%) at 25 months. In those who received only two doses, protective concentrations were found in 24/31 (74%) at 14 months and 9/16 (56%) at 25 months. After a booster dose of 2 micrograms i.d. at month 25, anti-HBs concentrations rose from a geometric mean of 78 to 1198 mIU @entity4654 in 60 subjects previously immunized with three doses and from 18 to 1054 mIU @entity4654 in 16 students previously immunized with only two doses. Overall, 73/76 (96%) of students in the second group had protective concentrations of antibody after the booster dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Persistence of antibody to @entity1956 surface antigen after low-dose, intradermal XXXX immunization and response to a booster dose.

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: Pretest exposure to novelty or injections of beta-endorphin can enhance passive avoidance (PA) retention (e.g., Izquierdo _ McGaugh, 1985). Enhanced retention may result from a "state-dependent" match between the CNS state during test and the novelty-induced beta-endorphin state that is obtained during training in a novel apparatus. Our Experiment 1 suggests that, unlike PA, @entity558 in a @entity1155 ( @entity1155 ) paradigm may be beta-endorphin "state-independent." @entity35 were given one tone-shock pairing in a novel environment. Baseline lick rates and @entity1155 tested 48 h later in a familiar environment were not affected by pretest exposure to novelty and/or injections of 3.33 mg/kg @entity1510 @entity5828 . In Experiment 2, the same @entity35 were PA trained/tested in a new apparatus. Saline or @entity1510 injections and various exposure (novel, familiar, none) conditions preceded (1h) the 24-h retention test. Pretest exposure to novelty reduced retention and @entity1510 eliminated that deficit. In Experiment 3, naive @entity35 given pretest exposure to novelty also showed a PA retention deficit. The results of Experiments 2 and 3 may complement rather than contradict previous findings. Pretest induction of a beta-endorphin state by novelty may either enhance state-dependent retrieval of a "weak" memory trace or make a "strong/well consolidated" training memory more vulnerable to retroactive interference from "new learning" during the pretest exposure period.

title: @entity1510 eliminates passive avoidance retention deficits produced by pretest exposure to novelty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Pavlovian fear conditioning']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['CLS', 'conditioned lick suppression']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We conducted a prospective study to determine the incidence of @entity455 following @entity432 . Only @entity1 initially evaluated within 7 days of @entity227 were eligible. Any @entity1 with pre-existing @entity2194 or clinical evidence of the @entity63 noted at the initial evaluation was excluded. During the 18-month study, 33 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled. Six @entity1 subsequently developed neovascularization of the iris, an incidence of 18.2%. In these six @entity1 , neovascularization of the iris appeared as early as 12 days to as late as 15 weeks following the @entity432 . Five of the six @entity1 (15.2% of the total) later developed @entity2297 . Another @entity1 in this series developed neovascularization of the optic disc without neovascularization of the iris, an incidence of 3.0%. Only two of the seven @entity1 with @entity2194 had ipsilateral hemodynamically significant carotid @entity455 as determined by noninvasive carotid artery testing. This study confirms results of previous retrospective studies that the incidence of @entity2194 after central retinal @entity432 is higher than commonly thought. It also shows that, in the majority of cases, carotid @entity455 is not responsible for the neovascularization seen after central retinal @entity432 .

title: A prospective study of @entity432 . The incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['ocular neo-vascularization', 'artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ocular ischemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery obstructions', 'artery obstruction', 'acute central retinal artery obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['secondary ocular neovascularization']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between the refractive state of the @entity101 in a representative population. DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: Three hundred twenty-one @entity1 with essential @entity101 (mean age 53.9 +/- 15.5 years) and 188 age-matched and sex-matched healthy control subjects (mean age 50.9 +/- 7.3 years) from the same regional Health Maintenance Organization were consecutively included for the study (P > .05 for age and sex). The refractive state of the eyes was identified objectively by an autorefractometer and retinoscopic examination, recording the autorefractometer values. Spherical equivalents between -0.50 (included) and +0.50 (included) diopters were regarded as emmetropia. Values below or above this interval were regarded as either @entity1714 or @entity3467 . Mean spherical equivalents of the groups were compared using independent samples t test; distributions of refraction were compared with chi(2) test. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent of the @entity1 with essential @entity101 was +0.88 +/- 1.34 diopters (range -3.75 to +6.38 diopters), whereas the mean spherical equivalent of the control subjects was -0.26 +/- 1.12 diopters (range -5.00 to +3.38 diopters) (P < .0001). Whereas 61.4% of @entity101 @entity1 were hypermetropic, 18.1% of normotensive @entity1 were hypermetropic (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong association of essential arterial @entity101 with @entity3467 , which has not been previously reported. Given the findings of this study, we recommend that @entity1 who have @entity3467 and have had no recent systemic examination should at least have their blood pressure checked.

title: The association between XXXX and essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetropia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'eye and high blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity3467 :: (MESH:D006956,Disease) :: ['hypermetropia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study whether 60-Hz stimulation, compared with routine 130 Hz, improves swallowing function and freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) who undergo bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS). METHODS: We studied 7 @entity1 with @entity191 who experienced @entity6556 that persisted despite routine 130-Hz stimulation and dopaminergic medication. Each @entity1 received 3 @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ) studies in a single day under 3 DBS conditions in the medication-on state: 130 Hz, 60 Hz, or DBS off, in a randomized double-blind manner. The laryngeal penetration and @entity1173 events were cautiously assessed, and a swallowing questionnaire was completed. The Unified @entity191 Rating Scale, Part III motor score, axial subscore, @entity400 subscore, and @entity6556 by a questionnaire and stand-walk-sit test were also assessed. The @entity75 (60 Hz here) producing the least @entity6556 was maintained for 3 to 8 weeks, and @entity1 were assessed again. Changes in measurements between the 60 Hz and 130 Hz were analyzed using paired t test, with swallowing function as primary and the remainder as secondary outcomes. Changes between other DBS conditions were further explored with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Compared with the routine 130 Hz, 60-Hz stimulation significantly reduced @entity1173 frequency by 57% on @entity1282 study and perceived swallowing difficulty by 80% on questionnaire. It also significantly reduced @entity6556 , and @entity304 . The benefits at 60-Hz stimulation persisted over the average 6-week assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the routine 130 Hz, the 60-Hz stimulation significantly improved swallowing function, @entity6556 , and @entity304 in @entity1 with @entity191 treated with bilateral STN-DBS, which persisted over the 6-week study period. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that for @entity1 with @entity191 who experience @entity6556 , STN-DBS at 60 Hz decreases @entity1173 events observed during @entity1282 compared with DBS at 130 Hz.

title: Low-frequency stimulation of STN-DBS reduces @entity1173 and freezing of gait in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['axial and parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['best DBS condition']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['MBS', 'modified barium swallow']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['PD']


abstract: Our objective was to assess the technical feasibility and the clinical results of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenting using a @entity5648 self-expanding stent (SMART stent). In 13 @entity1 13 high-grade stenoses of the internal carotid artery were treated via an implantation of a SMART stent. In all cases a predilation of the @entity850 and a postdilation within the stent were performed. Follow-up examinations were carried out in all @entity1 after a period of 6 months. In each case the implantation of the stent was performed without technical complications. In 12 of 13 cases the stent was placed in the @entity1 ' internal carotid artery, in 1 case from the internal to the common carotid artery (CCA). The average degree of @entity850 of 78% (70-95%) was reduced to an average of 2.8% (0-21%). The 6-month follow-up angiography showed an average degree of restenosis of 11.8% (0-29%) in 8 of 13 @entity1 . Duplex sonography in the remaining 5 @entity1 demonstrated patent stents. One @entity1 showed brief neurological symptoms during the intervention. No further complications occurred during follow-up time. Treatment of internal carotid artery @entity850 with the SMART stent seems technically feasible, safe, and promises long-term patency.

title: Clinical results of carotid artery stenting with a XXXX self-expanding stent (SMART stent).

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To document the response of @entity5880 to antibiotic therapy and correlate these findings with @entity1 outcome. METHODS: Clinical findings, CT studies, and serial cerebral angiograms of @entity1 with @entity884 related @entity439 seen over 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In 14 @entity1 @entity884 was diagnosed. The @entity1 presented with @entity510 (4 @entity1 ), @entity64 (9 @entity1 ), and @entity410 (1 @entity1 ). CT findings were @entity1779 (5 @entity1 ), @entity1188 (4 @entity1 ), @entity510 (4 @entity1 ), and @entity439 (2 @entity1 ). On angiography, 10 (71%) @entity1 had single @entity439 , and 4 (29%) @entity1 had @entity439 . Eighteen @entity439 were detected, of which 6 (33%) were centrally located, and 12 (66%) were located peripherally. The most common site was the peripheral middle cerebral artery (56%). Serial angiography during antibiotic treatment demonstrated complete resolution of 6 @entity439 (33%), with 12 @entity439 remaining after 6 weeks of treatment. Of the latter, there was no change in size in 6 @entity439 (33%), a decrease in size in 3 @entity439 (17%) and an increase in size in 3 @entity439 (17%). No new @entity439 appeared. Surgery was performed on 10 @entity1 with residual @entity439 , 11 @entity439 being excised or clipped. After 6 weeks' treatment, there was complete recovery in 7 (50%) @entity1 , permanent @entity51 in 6 @entity1 , and @entity204 from @entity439 rebleed in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Follow-up angiography is recommended in all @entity1 with @entity5880 to assess response to antibiotic therapy, to detect new @entity439 , and to identify those @entity439 with no response or with enlargement.

title: XXXX -related cerebral aneurysms: radiologic changes with treatment.

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'multiple aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematoma']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Endocarditis']


abstract: @entity7868 as oral malodour is an unpleasant odour caused by volatile @entity599 compounds (VSCs). VSCs are produced primarily by anaerobic bacteria that abundantly produce proteinase as trypsin-like enzyme. General therapies, such as mouthwash and plaque control, do not provide a continuous effect on @entity7868 . @entity5858 is a probiotic bacterium that is beneficial for @entity1 health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity5859 on @entity2523 -producing VSCs and to analyze the inhibitory mechanism of halitosis. @entity2523 was cultured with or without @entity5859 , and the emission of VSCs from the spent culture medium was measured by gas chromatography. In order to analyze the inhibitory effect, the antibacterial activity of @entity5859 against @entity2523 was assessed. After the spent culture medium or whole bacterial of @entity5859 was mixed with the spent culture medium of @entity2523 , VSCs were again measured by gas chromatograph. When @entity5859 and @entity2523 were co-cultivated, VSCs were present at a lower level than those of single-cultured @entity2523 . @entity5859 inhibited growth of @entity2523 , and the whole bacteria and the spent culture medium of @entity5859 reduced emission of VSCs gas. @entity5859 may reduce oral malodour by inhibition of @entity2523 growth and neutralizing VSCs with their metabolites or themselves.

title: Effects of XXXX on volatile @entity599 compounds produced by @entity2523 .

entities_list: @entity7868 :: ('MESH:D006209', 'Disease') :: ['oral halitosis', 'Halitosis']

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Species') :: ['S. thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity5858 :: (1308,Species) :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) is classically diagnosed based on the presence of severe thunderclap @entity10 , focal neurologic symptoms, and the radiographic findings of reversible @entity1347 . We present a diagnostic test that may assist in the clinical diagnosis and facilitate treatment. METHODS: From October 1, 2010, to August 1, 2013, we identified consecutive @entity1 who presented with a presumptive diagnosis of @entity1779 and underwent cerebral diagnostic angiography with intra-arterial (IA) vasodilator therapy. Medical records including clinical presentation, radiographic, and angiographic images were all reviewed. RESULTS: We identified a total of 7 @entity1 (4  females; age range, 22-56; mean, 45  years) who met our inclusion criteria. Four @entity1 received a combination of @entity7604 and @entity3360 infusion either in the internal carotid arteries or in the left vertebral artery; the remaining @entity1 received IA therapy solely with either @entity3360 or @entity7604 . Five @entity1 had a positive angiographic response, defined as significant improvement or resolution of the blood vessels irregularities. All 5 @entity1 had a definite discharge diagnosis of @entity1779 . The remaining 2 @entity1 had a negative angiographic response and based on their clinical and radiographic course had a final diagnosis of @entity4522 . CONCLUSIONS: Our small case series suggest that IA administration of vasodilators is safe and may aid in distinguishing vasodilator responsive syndromes such as @entity1779 from other causes. Further study is required with long-term clinical outcome to determine the utility of this diagnostic test.

title: A novel approach to diagnose reversible XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse segmental cerebral vasoconstriction']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['RCVS', 'Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adjunctive isometric exercise in the form of sustained submaximal handgrip (HG) is considered to increase the sensitivity of @entity452 stress echo (DSE) for detection of functionally significant @entity453 . HYPOTHESIS: The study was undertaken to quantify invasively the impact of HG in @entity1 on hemodynamics and myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2) during DSE. METHODS: An invasive hemodynamic evaluation was performed during DSE and with addition of adjunctive HG in 11 subjects. Coronary sinus (CS) blood flow, right-sided and systemic pressures, @entity26 saturations, and transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography were obtained at each 3-min stage and after adding HG at peak DSE. Myocardial @entity26 consumption was calculated by the Fick method and circumferential @entity299 ( @entity299 ) by Mirsky's formula. RESULTS: At peak DSE, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, CS flow, and MVO2 increased, whereas pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and circumferential @entity299 ( @entity299 ) decreased from baseline. Compared with peak DSE, the addition of isometric HG at peak DSE caused an increase in PCWP (7 +/- 3 vs. 8.4 +/- 3 mmHg, p < 0.05), @entity299 (112 +/- 25 x 103 vs. 125 +/- 32 x 103 dyne x s x cm2, p = 0.02), and CS flow (260 +/- 92 vs. 301 +/- 105 ml/min, p < 0.05). There was a minimal increase in left ventricular volumes, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure. The MVO2 increased from 29 +/- 8 ml/min at peak DSE to 31 +/- 9 ml/min with adjunctive HG (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Handgrip adjunctive to peak DSE results in a modest increase in MVO2, primarily by an increase in @entity299 .

title: Adjunctive handgrip during @entity452 stress echocardiography: invasive assessment of myocardial @entity26 consumption in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['end-systolic wall stress', 'ESWS']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity3167 was estimated simultaneously by three methods: chemical determination based on Warren's method (Meth. Enzymol. 6, 463-464 (1963) with slight modifications, enzymatic measurement with a commercially available test kit, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to Silver et al. (J. Chromatogr. 224, 381-388 (1981). These methods showed closely correlated (r greater than 0.930) results and displayed similar precision data. Interference studies demonstrated sufficient specificity for the chemical assay, which was 5-6 times more sensitive than the enzymatic test and hence chosen for the establishment of reference values. From 249 sera from healthy @entity1 between 16 and 63 years the 0.025-0.975-reference intervals were calculated to be 1.57-2.63 mmol/l for 127 @entity1 , and 1.69-2.64 mmol/l for 122 @entity1 with no significant @entity734 on age and sex. From 43 cerebrospinal fluids from healthy adults the respective values were 17.3-50.4 mumol/l. These data correspond to those of the literature. Some chemical assays employing @entity4466 were compared. They proved reliable in contrast to the reaction of serum with @entity58417 .

title: XXXX in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Comparison of methods and reference values.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['Sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity58417 :: ('MESH:C004776', 'Chemical') :: ['4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity3167 :: (MESH:D019158,Chemical) :: ['Sialic acid']


abstract: We previously demonstrated that recipient @entity1961 + cells are necessary for expression of adoptive @entity19 experimental @entity56 (EHP). In contrast, the acute inflammatory response to intratracheal (i.t.) administration of Micropolyspora faeni (direct EHP) is not @entity1961 + cell dependent (Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994;149:1286-1294). To further characterize the cells responsible for development of @entity55 in recipient animals, we depleted recipients of either @entity3512 + or CD8+ cells before transfer of M. faeni-sensitized cultured C3H/HeJ spleen cells and i.t. challenge with M. faeni. We used the same depletion technique to determine the contribution of these cells to the pulmonary response to i.t. M. faeni in animals that did not receive cultured cells (direct EHP). The nature and extent of pulmonary inflammatory changes in these animals were assayed either 4 d after i.t. challenge with M. faeni in adoptive EHP or 2 d after i.t. challenge with M. faeni in direct EHP. We also tested the hypothesis that our previously demonstrated ablation of adoptive EHP caused by administration of anti- @entity1961 antibody was due to depletion of recipient @entity1961 + cells by allowing recovery of recipient @entity1961 + cells of anti- @entity1961 -treated animals before i.t. challenge. In addition, we allowed @entity3512 + cell recovery of anti- @entity3512 -treated animals before i.t. challenge. Cultured M. faeni-sensitized spleen cells could adoptively transfer EHP to animals treated with an irrelevant antibody or PBS. Depletion of @entity3512 + but not CD8+ cells ablated the ability of recipient animals to express adoptive EHP. Direct EHP was not affected by depletion of @entity3512 + or CD8+ cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Experimental @entity56 : effect of XXXX + and CD8+ cell depletion.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

answer: @entity3512 :: (21838(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Thy1.2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) is used routinely to monitor @entity299 associated with @entity0 treatment. In this study the prevalence of early @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and its relationship to the dose-volume of the heart irradiated were evaluated in @entity1722 -positive @entity0 @entity1 undergoing concurrent trastuzumab and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 40 @entity0 @entity1 treated with concurrent trastuzumab and left-sided adjuvant RT between September 2011 and October 2012 were collected prospectively. For comparison, 32 @entity1 treated with concurrent trastuzumab and right-sided adjuvant RT and 71 @entity1 treated with left-sided RT alone were collected retrospectively. Echocardiography was obtained before RT, immediately following RT, and 3 and 6 months after RT. Doses to the heart and left ventricle (LV) were quantified. RESULTS: Prior to RT with concurrent trastuzumab, 11 of 29 (left) and 8 of 25 (right) @entity1 with normal baseline left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) developed @entity1002 . In @entity1 receiving left-sided RT alone, 12 of 61 @entity1 with normal baseline LVDF developed @entity1002 . Dmean, D15-D40, D60-D70, and V3-V10 of the LV were significantly higher in @entity1 who developed @entity1002 after concurrent trastuzumab and left-sided RT. In contrast, only two @entity1 developed grade 1 @entity1002 decrease after both concurrent treatment and left-sided RT alone. CONCLUSION: Changes in LVDF compared with @entity1002 are more sensitive for early detection of @entity1370 . The dose-volume of the heart contributes significantly to the risk of @entity1002 in @entity1 with left-sided @entity0 treated concurrently with trastuzumab.

title: Diastolic Dysfunction Occurs Early in @entity1722 -Positive XXXX @entity1 Treated Concurrently With Radiation Therapy and Trastuzumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF', 'LVDD', 'left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anesthetic implications of the surgical resection of juvenile @entity18871 (JNA). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University-affiliated community hospital. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 undergoing resection of JNA. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data from the records of 10 @entity1 undergoing resection of JNA were reviewed and analyzed with regard to demographics, history of the disease, characteristics of the @entity5 , surgical resection techniques, and anesthetic management. @entity1 were age 11 to 29 years. All had nasal obstruction as presenting symptom. There was no intracranial invasion. Eight @entity5 were resected via a lateral rhinotomy and 2 endoscopically (after embolization of the @entity5 's feeding vessels). Duration of surgery was 6 +/- 1 hours for rhinotomy and 6 and 6.5 hours for the 2 endoscopic resections. Anesthesia was induced in a rapid-sequence manner. Arterial and central venous catheters were placed in all @entity1 . Mean arterial pressure was targeted to 55 to 65 mmHg by using increasing concentrations of @entity5161 . The estimated @entity190 was 4,800 +/- 1,600 mL and blood replacement was 3,200 +/- 1,400 mL in the first group. The 2 other @entity1 lost 600 mL and 1,500 mL. Blood replacement in this group was 0 and 700 mL respectively. No mortality or major morbidity occurred. CONCLUSION: Resection of JNA should be considered a major procedure with many anesthetic challenges. @entity5161 may be employed to provide deliberate @entity551 .

title: Anesthetic management of juvenile XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibroma']


abstract: The two-part studies reported herein address peritoneal membrane ultrafiltrate (UF) characteristics during peritoneal dialysis exchanges in @entity35 . In the studies of part 1, the sieving coefficients for @entity1372 , @entity2865 , and total solutes during hydrostatic UF after instillation of rat serum into the peritoneal cavity of @entity35 were calculated. Thirty-six @entity35 were divided into six groups (N = 6) according to the following peritoneal dialysis exchange cycle times: 60, 120, 180, 240, 480, and 960 min. Thirty milliliters of pooled rat serum were infused i.p. with the animal being conscious except during infusion and drainage. The study showed in the early phase of exchanges, when oncotic and osmotic pressure gradients were absent, net UF presumably due to capillary hydrostatic pressure and @entity1372 sieving during such UF. Sieving coefficients for @entity1372 (0.72), @entity2865 (0.77) and total solutes (0.73) were determined by using standard formulae. In the second part of these studies, the kinetics of fluid movement after the instillation of 5% @entity413 solution into the peritoneal cavity of @entity35 were analyzed. A very low UF rate was observed early in the exchange when the @entity413 gradient between the dialysis solution and blood was at its peak. The UF rate gradually increased as the @entity1372 entered the dialysis solution from the blood. At the time of low UF rate with high @entity413 gradient, presumably the osmotic pressure generated by the @entity413 in the dialysis solution was countered by the osmotic pressure of solutes in plasma, i.e., @entity1372 and its anions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sieving and reflection coefficients for sodium salts and @entity413 during peritoneal dialysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report the treatment outcomes, including organ preservation, for @entity1 with locally advanced (T3/ @entity6461 ) @entity5 receiving both surgical and nonsurgical approaches. We hypothesize that selection of treatment protocols aimed to optimize organ preservation does not compromise survival provided careful selection is done through the process of multidisciplinary treatment planning. METHODS: @entity1 with T3-4a laryngeal squamous cell @entity5 were evaluated and recommended for primary treatment with total or partial laryngectomy (37 @entity1 ) or chemoradiotherapy (34 @entity1 ). Treatment outcomes were compared between the 2 cohorts. In addition, the laryngeal preservation rate and laryngoesophageal dysfunction-free survival (LEDFS) were determined for the chemoradiation group. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate for @entity1 with T3 lesions was 41% and 40% for the surgical and nonsurgical groups, respectively, and for T4 lesions it was 54% and 53%, respectively. For the chemoradiation group, the rate of overall laryngeal preservation was 79%. LEDFS at 2 years was 40% for T3 lesions and 33% for T4 lesions. CONCLUSION: Through careful selection, some @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 can be offered chemoradiation (organ preservation) without compromising survival. However, the @entity1 selected to receive chemoradiation have a high rate of laryngeal and @entity1208 .

title: Treatment Selection for T3/ XXXX @entity5 : Chemoradiation Versus Primary Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity6461 :: (6317,Gene) :: ['T4a']


abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effects have been extensively studied at low doses, since evidence of bystander induced cell killing and other effects on unirradiated cells were found to be predominant at doses up to 0.5 Gy. Therefore, few studies have examined bystander effects induced by exposure to higher doses of radiation, such as spatially fractionated radiation (GRID) treatment. In the present study, we evaluate the ability of GRID treatment to induce changes in GRID adjacent (bystander) regions, in two different @entity19 @entity189 cell lines following exposure to a single irradiation dose of 10 Gy. @entity19 @entity62734 mammary @entity189 cells and SCCVII @entity957 cells were irradiated using a brass collimator to create a GRID pattern of nine circular fields 12 mm in diameter with a center-to-center distance of 18 mm. Similar to the typical clinical implementation of GRID, this is approximately a 50:50 ratio of direct and bystander exposure. We also performed experiments by irradiating separate cultures and transferring the medium to unirradiated bystander cultures. Clonogenic survival was evaluated in both cell lines to determine the occurrence of radiation-induced bystander effects. For the purpose of our study, we have defined bystander cells as GRID adjacent cells that received approximately 1 Gy scatter dose or unirradiated cells receiving conditioned medium from irradiated cells. We observed significant bystander killing of cells adjacent to the GRID irradiated regions compared to sham treated controls. We also observed bystander killing of @entity62734 and SCCVII cells cultured in conditioned medium obtained from cells irradiated with 10 Gy. Therefore, our results confirm the occurrence of bystander effects following exposure to a high-dose of radiation and suggest that cell-to-cell contact is not required for these effects. In addition, the gene expression profile for DNA damage and cellular stress response signaling in SCCVII cells after GRID exposure was studied. The occurrence of GRID-induced bystander gene expression changes in significant numbers of DNA damage and cellular stress response signaling genes, providing molecular evidence for possible mechanisms of bystander cell killing.

title: Spatially fractionated radiation induces cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression in bystander and radiation adjacent @entity19 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: The aims of this study were to calculate the true incidence of @entity694 in Connecticut from 1976 to 1986 and to determine the outcome of @entity1 with these lesions. Fifty-four @entity1 with @entity4303 of the colon were identified (23 male and 31 female @entity1 ). Their average age was 64.1 +/- 2.1 years, with a range of 12 to 83 years. The age-adjusted incidence was 0.31 cases/100,000 population/year. Forty-eight percent of the @entity4303 were located in the cecum; 16%, ascending colon; 6%, transverse colon; 11%, descending colon; 13%, sigmoid colon; and 6%, not assigned. Follow-up information was available in all cases. The crude 2-year survival rate was 63%, whereas the 5-year survival rate was 37%. Only one of six (16.6%) lesions that were 2 cm or smaller metastasized, whereas 23 of 31 lesions larger than 2 cm metastasized (74%). Six @entity1 have survived an average of 43.5 months after local excision of their @entity4303 . Fourteen @entity1 died of their @entity4303 . Metachronous @entity1820 developed in six @entity1 . These results suggest that, when found at an early stage, @entity4303 of the colon (2 cm or smaller) can be treated by local excision. The vast majority of @entity694 , however, are discovered at an advanced stage and should be treated aggressively with standard colonic resection. In addition, surveillance of the entire gastrointestinal tract should be initiated in these @entity1 because of a high rate of other @entity1820 .

title: Incidence and mortality of XXXX of the colon. Data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoids']

answer: @entity4303 :: (MESH:D002276,Disease) :: ['carcinoids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze how @entity5 have been managed during the past decade and to question possible factors or professions associated to its presence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated every case reported from 1995 to 2005 at our hospital. We described the clinical scenario, complementary exams, treatments and outcomes. We also tried to verify if there was any risk, predisposing factors or professions that would explain the @entity5 origin. RESULTS: Six cases were reviewed. Out of these, three @entity1 were truck drivers. Five of them showed restricted lesions without inguinal lymph nodes enlargement. Histologically, six @entity1 presented @entity957 , with two of them having the verrucous type. The median age of @entity1 was 52 years old (31 to 89). The five @entity1 who are still alive had their lesions completely removed with safety margin and primary closure. CONCLUSIONS: We have noticed that the @entity189 behavior is similar to that of the penis, where @entity75 and study of the regional lymph nodes help to increase the @entity1 survival rate. The outstanding fact was that three out of six @entity1 were truck drivers, raising the hypothesis that such profession, maybe due to the contact or attrition with the diesel exhaust expelled by the engine or to sexual promiscuity, would imply in a larger risk of developing this rare @entity5 .

title: XXXX : would truck drivers be at greater risk?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal neoplasias', 'cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Scrotal neoplasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is an underestimated health problem. The administration of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) to the appropriate @entity1 dramatically decreases @entity1211 incidence. @entity922 ( @entity922 ) might contribute to @entity715 prophylaxis guideline adherence. METHODS: A computerized integrated risk score program was used to estimate @entity1211 and bleeding risk of nonsurgical @entity1 . A @entity1211 risk score of >= 4 resulted in an advice to administer LMWH. We selected 64 medical @entity1 before the introduction of @entity922 (T0) and 64 @entity1 after the introduction (T1). We compared guideline compliance between these groups using chi(2) tests. RESULTS: No difference between groups was found; Adherence to the guidelines at T0 was 59.4%, the same percentage of 59.4% was found at T1. To evaluate the effect of the introduction of @entity922 in terms of under and overtreatment we compared the prevalence of over and under treatment at T1 and T0. The OR for receiving under treatment at T1 compared to T0 is 0.48 (95% CI: 0.18-1.30), p=0.14. The OR for overtreatment at T1 compared to T0 is 1.66 (95% CI: 0.74-3.73), p=0.22 CONCLUSION: We found no improvement in guideline adherence towards anti @entity715 prophylaxis in medical @entity1 after the introduction of @entity922 in this pilot study. There was however a non-significant shift towards over treatment. Possible explanations for these results are the increased awareness of the risk for @entity1031 induced by the study, suboptimal use of @entity922 and deviation from @entity922 advice caused by @entity1 's preferences.

title: The effect of clinical decision support on adherence to @entity715 prophylaxis guidelines in medical XXXX ; A single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CDS', 'Clinical decision support']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Occurrence of @entity36581 in fish farms and fish-farming environments was studied using agar plate cultivation, the immunoflourescence antibody technique (IFAT) and nested PCR. Characteristics of 64 @entity36581 isolates from @entity5660 @entity5660 , fish farm rearing water, ovarian fluid and wild fish were serotyped, ribotyped and compared biochemically. Virulence of @entity36581 isolates from different sources was compared by injection into @entity5660 . Additionally, the number of @entity36581 cells shed by naturally infected @entity5660 was determined. @entity36581 was detected and isolated from skin mucus, @entity272 and internal organs of diseased @entity5660 and from fish without clinical disease. The pathogen was also present in wild perch Perca fluviatilis, roach Rutilus rutilus, and ovarian fluids of farmed @entity5660 brood fish. Isolates were biochemically homogenous, excluding the capability to degrade elastin. Five different agglutination patterns with different antisera against @entity36581 were found among the isolates studied. Although several different ribopatterns were found (ClaI: 12 ribopatterns and HaeIII: 9 ribopatterns), ribotype A was the most dominant. Farmed @entity5660 brood fish carried a broad-spectrum of serologically and genetically different @entity36581 in ovarian fluids. Virulence of the tested isolates in @entity5660 varied and naturally infected @entity5660 shed 10(4) to 10(8) cells fish(-1) h(-1) of @entity36581 into the surrounding water.

title: Occurrence of XXXX in fish-farming environments.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity36581 :: ('96345', 'Species') :: ['Flavobacterium psychrophilum', 'F. psychrophilum']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity36581 :: (96345,Species) :: ['Flavobacterium psychrophilum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic oral infections that elicit host responses leading to periodontal disease are linked with various sequelae of @entity262 . This report provides seminal information on the clinical and adaptive immunologic characteristics of a @entity3474 model of ligature-induced @entity2521 during pregnancy. METHODS: Female @entity3474 were evaluated for periodontal health at baseline. Ligatures were tied around selected teeth to initiate @entity32 and @entity2521 . Then the animals were bred. At midpregnancy ( approximately 90 days), a clinical evaluation was performed, and additional ligatures were tied on teeth in the contralateral quadrants to maintain progressing @entity2521 throughout pregnancy. A final clinical evaluation was done for all experimental teeth after delivery, and ligatures were removed. Serum was collected at all sampling intervals for the determination of antibody levels to a group of 20 oral bacteria. Unligated animals served as controls. RESULTS: At baseline, 16% of animals exhibited minimal plaque and @entity32 without periodontal disease. The remaining @entity6599 demonstrated varying levels of @entity32 /bleeding, and approximately 20% of the population had periodontal pocketing (>3 mm). Ligated animals expressed increased levels of @entity32 and increased probing depths and clinical @entity6730 ( @entity6730 ) and could be stratified into multiple subsets postligation based upon changes in clinical parameters at midpregnancy and at delivery. @entity6599 were categorized into disease susceptibility groups (periodontal disease susceptibility 1 through 4) that described the extent/severity of induced disease during pregnancy. Control animals showed minimal periodontal changes during gestation. Significant differences in serum antibody to multiple oral bacteria were found in animals presenting with @entity2521 at baseline and during the 6 months of ligature-induced disease. A significant correlation to antibody to @entity2523 , which was sustained throughout ligation and pregnancy, was observed with disease presentation. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation at baseline, reflecting the natural history of @entity66 in these animals, suggests individual variation that is reflected in the characteristics of the adaptive immune responses to oral bacteria. The variability in the response to ligation with resulting periodontal disease provides a model to document prospectively the relationship between oral and systemic health outcomes.

title: Periodontitis in pregnancy: clinical and serum antibody observations from a XXXX model of ligature-induced disease.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['oral inflammation', 'gingival inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral disease']

entities_list: @entity3474 :: ('9555', 'Species') :: ['baboon', 'Papio anubis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6599 :: ('9557', 'Species') :: ['baboons', 'Baboons']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although pelvic @entity733 have traditionally been drained by surgery or under radiologic guidance, a small subset of @entity1 who are not candidates for these interventions require an alternate mode of drainage. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy of EUS for @entity530 that could not be drained under US or CT guidance. DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Four @entity1 underwent EUS-guided @entity530 that were not amenable for drainage by US and/or CT guidance. INTERVENTIONS: @entity10330 drainage catheter was deployed in the @entity733 under EUS guidance in all @entity1 . The catheters were flushed periodically until resolution of the abscess was confirmed by CT imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Resolution of a @entity530 on follow-up CT and improvement in clinical symptoms. RESULTS: A drainage catheter was successfully placed in all 4 @entity1 . The mean size of the abscess was 68 x 72 mm. There were no procedure-related complications. One @entity1 died of worsening congestive @entity712 48 hours after the procedure. The @entity733 resolved in the remaining 3 @entity1 within a mean duration of 6 days, with complete symptom relief. LIMITATIONS: A small number of @entity1 and short duration of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-guided placement of drainage catheter is a minimally invasive technique for draining pelvic @entity733 that are within the reach of the echoendoscope.

title: EUS-guided drainage of XXXX (with video).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity10330 :: ('p|SUB|A|10|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A 10F']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess', 'drainage of pelvic abscesses']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses', 'abscess cavity']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic abscess']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity12497 treatment in newborns consists of surgery and selective chemotherapy. Few reports document urological sequelae using this approach. This review focuses on the urological and neurourological findings following @entity12497 treatment in the newborn period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of all @entity1 with @entity12497 resected in early infancy who underwent urodynamic evaluation for @entity1494 between 1986 and 2004. The radiological, neurological and urodynamic findings, and @entity86 management were analyzed. RESULTS: We analyzed UDS of 14 @entity1 who presented with @entity293 or @entity1494 after @entity12497 resection. At the time of UDS an abnormal neurological examination was noted in 5 @entity1 (36%). Detrusor overactivity was seen in 8 @entity1 , underactivity in 2 and normal activity in 4. Abnormal urethral sphincter EMG potentials were observed in 7 of 13 @entity1 (54%). Five of 13 @entity1 (38%) had @entity1690 during voiding. Consequently, CIC was needed in 11 of the 14 @entity1 (79%) to empty the bladder, of whom 5 also required anticholinergics to improve detrusor compliance and dryness. Only 3 @entity1 voided spontaneously with normal bladder and sphincter function, of whom 2 were toilet trained. @entity3041 was seen in 6 @entity1 and reflux was noted in 7 (including 5 of 6 with @entity3041 ). Antireflux surgery was performed in 6 @entity1 , all of whom had up to grade 4 reflux due to recurrent @entity293 . One @entity1 with grade 2 reflux had spontaneous resolution. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12497 and its treatment can produce @entity409 of the lower urinary tract with high grade reflux, and abnormal bladder and urethral function. Complete assessment, including urodynamic studies, is imperative preoperatively and postoperatively. Constant vigilance is required to maintain as near normal bladder function as possible and to prevent upper @entity5450 .

title: XXXX after sacrococcygeal teratoma resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete bladder emptying', 'bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neurourological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract injury']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['Hydronephrosis', 'hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative incontinence']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urinary infection']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['Neurogenic bladder dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the survival rates and @entity137 levels that are associated with multimodal therapy (including neoadjuvant @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 [MVAC]) in @entity1 with stage IIB to @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 49 @entity1 who were treated between 1989 and 1997 with neoadjuvant MVAC for advanced @entity5 . RESULTS: The clinical response rate was 90% (27 partial responders, 17 complete responders). Grade 3 or greater @entity137 was mostly limited to @entity1398 ; no deaths were attributed to MVAC. Combined therapy after MVAC included operation in 34 @entity1 (69%) and radiation in 41 @entity1 (84%). Twenty-one @entity1 (43%) had <2 cm @entity41 at histologic evaluation. Pelvic control was achieved in 86% of @entity1 . Five-year disease-specific survival for @entity1 with @entity5 was 60%. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with advanced @entity5 , neoadjuvant MVAC had a high response rate (90%) and an acceptable @entity137 level. Compared with historic control subjects, multimodal treatment may be associated with improved rates of pelvic control.

title: Multimodal therapy including neoadjuvant @entity1499 , @entity5713 , XXXX , and @entity900 (MVAC) for stage IIB to @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease', 'cervical cancer', 'IVB cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']