abstract: BACKGROUND: Several evidences suggested that @entity43 ( @entity43 ) @entity1 showing isolated lymph node recurrence (ILNR) have an indolent evolution. The aim of the study was to retrospectively review ILNR observed in our Institution over the past 11 years in order to investigate: the pattern of disease progression after the first diagnosis of ILNR, and their clinical outcome. METHODS: Between September 1995 and September 2006, 523 epithelial @entity43 were diagnosed in our centers, and 301 of these relapsed. Cases with a diagnosis of ILNR, and at least 12 months of follow up after the diagnosis of ILNR were included. Post-relapse survival ( @entity4557 ) was recorded from the date of the diagnosis of ILNR to the date of @entity204 or date last seen. Survival probabilities were estimated according to the method of Kaplan and Meier and compared by the log rank test. Cox's regression model with stepwise variable selection was used to analyse the role of clinico-pathological parameters as prognostic factors for @entity4557 . RESULTS: Thirty-two cases were identified as ILNR (10.6% of the recurrences, and 6.1% of the @entity43 population). Most of the @entity1 continued to exhibit the same pattern of progression during follow up, with 75% of the @entity1 free from @entity6378 after 2 years from the diagnosis of ILNR. Median @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) was 37 months, and median Overall Survival (OS) was 109 months, with all @entity1 surviving more than 2 years after the initial diagnosis. In multivariate analysis only @entity902 -Free Interval (PFI) retained a prognostic role for @entity4557 (p value = 0.033). CONCLUSION: ILNR represents a less aggressive pattern of @entity43 relapse which keeps progressing in the lymph nodes in a relatively high percentage of cases. On the other hand, the occurrence of peritoneal spreading after ILNR is associated with a rapidly fatal outcome.

title: XXXX relapsing as isolated lymph node disease: natural history and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['Post-Relapse Survival', 'PRS']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal disease']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) is a rare @entity5 with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate current management and prognosis of @entity1419 in nine French administrative areas, which are covered by population-based @entity5 registries. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1998, 1100 cases of @entity96 were observed in nine French departments: 68 were @entity1419 . Clinicopathological characteristics and applied treatments were recorded and a comparative analysis and a 5-year survival study were performed. RESULTS: In most cases (85%), the presence of symptoms was the principal mode of discovery. Histological confirmation revealed @entity1419 in two thirds of cases. The remaining liver was normal in 72% of cases ( @entity1 with @entity82 : 12%). The mean size of @entity5 was 6 cm. @entity3 were present in one out of four cases. Surgical management, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed in 40%, 20% and 11.5% of @entity1 , respectively. Hepatic surgical resection was correlated with age and @entity648 level. One third of the @entity1 were treated for symptoms. Five-year survival rate was 7.4% and median survival was 7 months. @entity1 with hepatic surgical resection had 5-year survival rate of 24.5%. CONCLUSION: At present, complete resection is the only therapy offering possible long-term survival in this entity. New adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery must be offered to these @entity1 .

title: [Current management and prognosis of XXXX in France].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['primary liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma', 'ICC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most causes of childhood @entity1939 are treatable or preventable. Knowledge of parents' awareness and perception of eye problems is important in helping to understand parents' eye care seeking behavior. This understanding becomes necessary as early detection and intervention can be effective when done at an early age. METHOD: Study was carried out in Benin City, Nigeria. Thirty-five parents aged 38-54 years with a mean age of 43(  2) years were recruited. Twenty six were females and nine males. Ten eye care practitioners aged 30-45 years with a mean age of 40 (  2) were included. Seven were males and three were females. Data was analyzed qualitatively and in percentages. RESULTS: Majority of parents were aware of common eye problems: Blurry vision (85.7%), measles in eye (48.5%), @entity231 (74.3%), @entity2024 (48.5%), itching and redness (74.3%), @entity5971 (34.3%), strabismus (57.1%), @entity851 (48.5%) and stye or hordeolum (57.1%). Too much @entity1735 , night reading and too much TV were some of the reasons given for bad eyesight. Self medication and use of local remedies for treatment of @entity2024 was common practice (94.3%). @entity2755 eyedrop was the most common drug used for any eye problem before visiting a doctor (80.0%). CONCLUSION: Parents are aware of common @entity2194 in @entity1 but have wrong perception of their causes. Programs to increase public awareness of causes of eye problems and harmful effects of self medication are advocated for to expose inherent dangers.

title: Parents' awareness and perception of XXXX 's @entity2194 in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short sightedness']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['crossed eyes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The complete structure of the anterior sensory nervous system of the small @entity2199 @entity2199 has been determined by reconstruction from serial section electronmicrographs. There are 58 neurons in the tip of the head. Fifty-two of these are arranged in sensilla. These include six @entity389 , six outer labial sensilla, four cephalic sensilla and two amphids. Each sensillum consists of ciliated sensory neurons ending in a channel enclosed by two non-neuronal cells, the sheath and socket cells. The amphidial channel opens to the outside as does that of the @entity389 so that these probably contain chemoreceptive neurons. The endings of the other sensilla are embedded in the cuticle and may be mechanoreceptive. The cell bodies of all the neurons lie near the nerve ring and their axons project into the ring or into ventral ganglia. One of the ciliated sensory neurons in each of the six @entity389 makes direct chemical synapses onto a muscle making these sensory-motor neurons. The anatomy of four isogenic animals was compared in detail and found to be largely invariant. The anatomy of juveniles is nearly identical to that of the adult, but males have four additional neuron processes.

title: Electron microscopical reconstruction of the anterior sensory anatomy of the XXXX @entity2199 .?2UU.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'C. elegans']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner labial sensilla']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematode']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite improvements in treatment strategies, @entity14 ( @entity14 ) still has high mortality rates. Most CRCs develop from adenopolyps via the @entity2513 sequence. A mechanism for inhibition of this sequence in individuals with a high risk of developing @entity14 is urgently needed. Differential studies of mitochondrial (mt) gene expressions in the progressive stages of @entity14 with villous architecture are warranted to reveal early risk assessments and new targets for chemoprevention of the disease. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the relative amount of the transcripts of six mt genes [ @entity22536 , @entity30738 , MT-COI, @entity26560 , @entity30736 , and @entity13508 (region 648-15887)] which are involved in the normal metabolism of mitochondria. A total of 42 pairs of tissue samples obtained from colorectal adenopolyps, @entity420 , and their corresponding adjacent normal tissues were examined. Additionally, electron transport chain (ETC), complexes I ( @entity2125 : @entity12931 oxidoreductase) and III (CoQH2-cytochrome C reductase), and @entity6738 protein group contents were analyzed. Results indicate that there were differential expressions of the six mt genes and elevated @entity6738 protein contents among the colorectal adenopolyps compared to their paired adjacent normal tissues (p   <   0.05). The levels of complexes I and III were higher in @entity5 tissues relative to adjacent normal tissues. Noticeably, the expression of MT-COI was overexpressed in late @entity14 among all studied transcripts. Our data suggest that increased expressions in certain mt genes and elevated levels of ROS may potentially play a critical role in the @entity14 evolving from adenopolyps to @entity5 .

title: Expression of mitochondrial genes @entity30738 , XXXX , @entity13508 , @entity26560 , and 12S/ @entity22536 in colorectal adenopolyps.

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity30736 :: (4541,Gene) :: ['MT-ND6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine, by a prospective randomized controlled trial, the influence of @entity34309 ( @entity34309 ) vs restricted (RES) perioperative fluid administration on morbidity following pancreatectomy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Randomized controlled trials in @entity1 undergoing major intra-abdominal surgery have challenged the historical use of @entity34309 fluid administration, suggesting that a more restricted regimen may be associated with fewer @entity260 . METHODS: @entity1 scheduled to undergo pancreatic resection were consented for randomization to a @entity34309 (n = 164) or RES (n = 166) perioperative fluid regimen. Sample size was designed with 80% power to decrease Grade 3 complications from 35% to 21%. RESULTS: Between July 2009 and July 2015, we randomized 330 @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD, n = 218), central (n = 16), or distal pancreatectomy (DP, n = 96). @entity1 were equally distributed for all demographic and intraoperative characteristics. Intraoperatively, @entity34309 @entity1 received crystalloid 12mL/kg/h and RES @entity1 6mL/kg/h. Cumulative crystalloid given (median, range, mL) days 0 to 3 was @entity34309 : 12,252 (6600 to 21,365), RES 7808 (2700 to 16,274) P < 0.0001. Sixty-day mortality was 2 of 330 (0.6%). Median operative time for PD was 227minutes (105 to 462) and DP 150 (44 to 323). Grade 3 complications occurred in 20% of @entity34309 and 27% of RES @entity1 (P = 0.6). Median length of stay was 7 and 5 days for PD and DP, respectively, in both arms. CONCLUSIONS: In a high volume institution, major perioperative complications from pancreatic resection were not significantly influenced by fluid regimens that differed approximately 1.6-fold.

title: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Liberal Vs Restricted Perioperative Fluid Management in XXXX Undergoing Pancreatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A simple and fast approach for a novel bioaccumulation test by exposing @entity3392 eleutheroembryos to @entity11965 and @entity10517 ( @entity2556 ) at two concentration levels below 1% of their LC50 is presented. This alternative protocol sets an uptake period of 48 h at 26   C for bioconcentration of the compounds tested and an additional 24h for depuration. Two different methods to estimate bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of @entity2556 were used. The first consists in the ratio between concentrations of the tested compounds in the @entity3392 eleutheroembryos and the exposure media when a steady state during exposure is reached (BCFss). The second employs the concentration-time profile with the use of a least-square fit to a non-linear model (BCFk). A steady state (ss) was reached after 12h and 22 h for @entity11965 and @entity10517 exposure, respectively. Uptake and depuration rate constants obtained were similar for the two exposure levels tested, hence toxicokinetic rate constants appeared to be independent of the exposure level. Bioconcentration factors of 1164 and 817 for @entity11965 exposure at 0.99 ng mL(-1) and 7.9 ng mL(-1) and of 2089 and 2344 for @entity10517 at 0.63 ng mL(-1) and 6.1 ng mL(-1) were assessed. The good agreement of the obtained results with those reported in the literature proves the feasibility of the proposed method for estimation of both toxicokinetic parameters and bioconcentration factors. Furthermore, this protocol, has potential to be an alternative to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 305 method, considerably reducing time and associated costs of the test suggested by European legislation.

title: Rapid determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( @entity2556 ) in XXXX eleutheroembryos as a model for the evaluation of @entity2556 bioconcentration.

entities_list: @entity10517 :: ('MESH:C034020', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracene']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: @entity378 persists as a serious public health problem in Brazil. Prevalence rates are alarming in certain social groups, including indigenous @entity1 . This article presents an epidemiological analysis of records for the Suru   Indians available at the @entity378 Control Program in the Municipality of Cacoal, Rond  nia. The study includes a descriptive statistical analysis of cases reported from 1975 to 2002. There is evidence that the Suru   have an increased risk of acquiring and dying from @entity378 as compared to other indigenous groups in Rond  nia as well as non-Indians. The average incidence coefficient for @entity378 in the Suru   was 2518.9 per 100,000 inhabitants in the period 1991-2002. It was observed that 45% of the cases were diagnosed in @entity1 < 15 years old. Over half of the cases (63.3%) were reported in @entity1 . Only 43.2% of the cases were confirmed by sputum microscopy. The use of PPD skin tests, histopathological exams or bacteriological culture were not reported throughout the period. Attention is called to the need for prevention and control measures specifically tailored to the reality of indigenous @entity1 .

title: [Epidemiologic aspects of XXXX in the Suru   Indians, Brazilian Amazon].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'peoples', 'men']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TP/IAT) is a treatment option in a subset of @entity1 with chronic @entity788 . A systematic review of the literature was performed to evaluate the outcome of this procedure, with an attempt to ascertain when it is indicated. METHODS: MEDLINE (1950 to present), Embase (1980 to present) and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies of outcomes in @entity1 undergoing TP/IAT. Cohort studies that reported the outcomes following the procedure were included. The MOOSE guidelines were used as a basis for this review. RESULTS: Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The techniques reported for pancreatectomy and islet cell isolation varied between studies. TP/IAT was successful in reducing @entity158 in @entity1 with chronic @entity788 . Comparing @entity1286 requirements before and after the procedure, two studies recorded significant reductions. Concurrent IAT reduced the insulin requirement after TP; the rate of insulin independence ranged from 46 per cent of @entity1 at 5 years' mean follow-up to 10 per cent at 8 years. The impact on quality of life was poorly reported. The studies reviewed did not provide evidence for optimal timing of TP/IAT in relation to the evolution of chronic @entity788 . CONCLUSION: This systematic review showed that TP/IAT had favourable outcomes with regard to @entity158 reduction. Concurrent IAT enabled a significant proportion of @entity1 to remain independent of insulin supplementation.

title: Systematic review of total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast milk is thought to contain its own complex immune system. Whether or not this is altered in allergic individuals is not yet known. METHODS: By ELISA techniques, inflammatory markers ( @entity10557 , @entity1198 ( @entity379 [ @entity379 ]), as well as T(H)2 cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, @entity688 ), were investigated in serum and milk samples from nonallergic (n = 23) lactating @entity1 and those with @entity1576 (n = 19) during the first week postpartum. RESULTS: @entity379 was not detected in either serum or milk. @entity688 was more often found to be above the detection limit in both milk and serum samples from allergic mothers. @entity3646 was detected in almost all serum samples with a wide variation. In milk, @entity3646 was found in about 20% of the samples. @entity10557 was not detected in the serum but was detected in the milk of 23% of the nonatopic and 53% of the allergic mothers. Soluble @entity2071 was present in all samples. Surprisingly, serum levels of sICAM-1 in allergic mothers (271+/-97 ng/ml) were significantly lower (P<0.001) than in nonatopic subjects (375+/-86 ng/ml). Concentrations of sICAM-1 in milk were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The concentrations of proinflammatory markers and cytokines in breast milk did not differ significantly between allergic and nonatopic mothers. In some individuals, high levels of @entity10557 , @entity688 , and sICAM-1 could be found. However, the significance of these components for the breastfed @entity1 is still unclear.

title: Inflammation markers and cytokines in breast milk of atopic and nonatopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: One hundred and seventeen outpatients (87 females and 30 males; mean age 53.5 +/- 13.2 years) encompassing the 1987 American @entity627 Association criteria for @entity309 were admitted into a multicentre open study. All @entity1 were evaluated at baseline and after two months of therapy with etodolac (400 or 600 mg/die per os). Clinical evaluation was performed by using the following indicators: viso-analogic scale of global @entity158 ; index of @entity158 on active movements; index for @entity25 , and duration of @entity7127 . The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was chosen for the laboratory evaluation of the activity of the disease. One hundred @entity1 received 400 mg/die, while only 17 @entity1 received 600 mg/die; 115 @entity1 undertook the evaluation after treatment, whereas two @entity1 were considered "lost to follow-up". One hundred and five @entity1 completed the study while ten @entity1 withdrew (seven because of inefficacy and three because of intolerance of the gastrointestinal tract). Only nine @entity1 presented side-effects, among these: five were judged etodolac-related, whereas four were not. A complete resolution of all these side-effects was achieved in all cases. Significant improvements were registered for all the four clinical variables. At the end of the study 56.5% of @entity1 expressed a preference for etodolac, 16.5% for one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs previously taken and 27% did not answer or were not able to express any definite preference. Strict concordance was found between the degree of clinical improvement achieved and the preferences expressed. The laboratory parameters did not reveal any variation at the end of the study in comparison with baseline values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effectiveness and safety of etodolac in treatment of XXXX : a multicentre two-months' open study.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['morning stiffness']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: In order to identify potential markers of @entity5 in diagnostic respiratory cytopathology, @entity517 and @entity1722 proto-oncogene expression was studied in fine needle aspirates from 14 consecutive fresh operation tissue samples (after surgical removal) representing @entity2 and a variety of other cell samples by in situ hybridization of 35S-labeled antisense and sense RNA @entity517 and @entity1722 specific proto-oncogene probes. All 14 @entity2 showed @entity517 expression and eight also showed @entity1722 expression. On average, the @entity517 expression was about 4 times higher than that of @entity1722 (P less than 0.001). @entity1722 expression, confirmed also as a cytoplasmic membrane-bound reactivity by immunohistochemical stainings for @entity1722 oncoprotein, was significantly related to @entity420 (P less than 0.025), whereas increasing @entity5 size correlated significantly with increasing @entity517 expression (P less than 0.05). On average, all the @entity5 cell lines showed 2-fold expression of @entity517 compared with the @entity2 (P less than 0.025). @entity1722 expression was found in six of 11 cell lines. High @entity517 proto-oncogene expression was also found in broncho-epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages, and a low expression was found in lymphocytes but not in neutrophils, while none of these cells showed @entity1722 proto-oncogene expression. Our results demonstrate extensive @entity517 proto-oncogene expression in both malignant and non-neoplastic proliferating cells, but not in terminally differentiated cells such as neutrophils. Therefore @entity517 expression must also be related to general cell proliferation and not only @entity5 per se. In marked contrast, @entity1722 proto-oncogene expression was found only in @entity420 cells, and thus can be used as a marker for @entity5 in diagnostic respiratory cytopathology.

title: Evidence by in situ hybridization that XXXX proto-oncogene expression is a marker of @entity5 and is expressed in lung @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']


abstract: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for @entity35 collagenase. The assay is capable of measuring the enzyme from a variety of @entity35 cell sources at concentrations of 10-50 ng/ml, approximately 500-1,000-fold more sensitive than radiolabelled collagen fibril assay systems. The assay is specific to collagenase from the @entity35 : enzymes from @entity1 , tadpole, @entity19 , and bacterial sources failed to cross-react significantly with @entity35 enzyme. The assay is reproducible and accurate, and is capable of detecting enzyme in the presence of serum or tissue inhibitors. Using the ELISA, we have examined the effect of a variety of hormones on the production of collagenase by @entity35 myometrial smooth muscle cells in culture. Of all the reproductive hormones examined, only @entity1420 and its synthetic derivative @entity11796 were capable of inhibiting the production of the enzyme by these cells. The maximally effective concentration of @entity1420 was 1 x 10(-6)M, and that of @entity11796 was 1 x 10(-7)M. The effect of the @entity134 was selective: no effect on cell proliferation or on general protein synthesis was observed. In addition to the progestational @entity230 , the glucocorticoids were also capable of inhibiting the production of collagenase by the cells at similar nominal concentrations. However, the myometrial cells were found actively to metabolize @entity1420 but not @entity701 in culture. Thus, the effective inhibitory concentration of @entity1420 was approximately ten-fold lower than that of @entity701 . The results of this study support the concept that @entity1420 plays a major role in preventing the production of collagenase in the @entity35 uterus.

title: Regulation of collagenase production by XXXX in uterine smooth muscle cells: an enzymatic and immunologic study.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the CT and MR findings in three @entity1 with @entity2477 ( @entity2477 ) of the intracranial optic pathways. METHOD: CT and MR studies of three @entity1 with @entity2477 of the optic chiasm were reviewed. All @entity1 underwent MRI of the chiasmal area, with coronal T2- and T1-weighted studies as well as @entity2287 -enhanced coronal and sagittal T1-weighted studies. RESULTS: The @entity1 (mean age, 40 years) presented with chiasmal apoplexy (two cases) and progressive @entity227 (one case). In all cases, MRI showed regular enlargement of the optic chiasm, with extension to the optic nerve in one case and to the left optic tract in one case. The chiasmatic dimension was 2.5-3 cm in two cases and 1-1.5 cm in the other case. In all cases, MRI revealed an acute (isointense signal on T1-weighted and hypointense signal on T2-weighted sequences) or subacute (hyperintense signal on T1 - and T2-weighted sequences) @entity548 with, adjacent to it, an area with signals of blood of different ages, highly suggestive of @entity2477 . CT showed, in chiasmatic CHs, a suprasellar mass spontaneously denser than adjacent brain parenchyma. In two cases, microcalcifications were associated. In two cases, CT and MRI revealed slight heterogeneous enhancement after contrast agent administration. In one case, no enhancement was observed. Two @entity1 underwent surgery by frontopterional craniotomy. The optic chiasms were swollen with an intrinsic bluish mass. The cerebrospinal fluid was not xanthochromic. Microscope examination confirmed the diagnosis of @entity2477 . After 12 months, the operated @entity1 had improved visual acuity and visual field but did not completely recover. The nonoperated @entity1 (because of spontaneous rapid recovery of visual acuity) was followed clinically and on MRI over 18 months. CONCLUSION: @entity2477 in the optic chiasm must be suspected in the presence of an acute chiasmatic syndrome. MRI is the best imaging modality, showing either an acute or a subacute chiasmatic @entity548 or the typical pattern of @entity2477 with heterogeneous alternation of foci of blood of different ages, with a central focus of @entity3961 , a peripheral rim of hemosiderin, adjacent foci of acute or subacute @entity548 , and slight or no enhancement after @entity2287 administration.

title: XXXX of the intracranial optic pathways: CT and MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2477 :: (MESH:D006392,Disease) :: ['Cavernous hemangioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fenestration of the lamina terminalis (LT) is an alternative means of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage during acute or emergency surgery of ruptured @entity438 in @entity1 with high-grade @entity510 . External ventricular drainage allows drainage of CSF and also measurement of intracranial pressure after the surgery. Catheterization of the third ventricle via the fenestrated LT after clipping the @entity439 is an alternative to conventional ventriculostomies. This method has been used by the senior author (JAH) since 2001. The authors describe their experience with this technique, which can be used safely in selected cases of high-grade @entity510 . METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 with @entity510 underwent third ventriculostomy via the LT between March 2001 and December 2005. Clinical and radiological data of these consecutive @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were no procedure-related complications. Eight @entity1 (10%) later required a conventional ventriculostomy, 7 because of catheter occlusion and 1 because of catheter displacement. In 7 @entity1 (9%), a positive CSF culture was found. CONCLUSION: Ventriculostomy via the fenestrated LT performed during @entity439 surgery is a practical way for later CSF removal and intracranial pressure monitoring. The catheter can be applied via the same craniotomy without the need for an additional intervention. No procedure-related complications were observed in the present series. This technique can be suggested as a safe alternative to a classical ventriculostomy.

title: Third ventriculostomy through the fenestrated lamina terminalis during microneurosurgical clipping of XXXX : an alternative to conventional ventriculostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6865 ( @entity6865 ) is a serious and potentially disabling condition and is a @entity6632 , which consists of @entity158 maintained by the sympathetic nervous system. There have been no data present demonstrating that this condition can be treated with electroacupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine effectively. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to present a case treated by electroacupuncture and Chinese herbal decoction successfully. @entity1 data: A young Australian @entity1 , who presented with the symptoms of severe swollen left foot, foot @entity158 , swollen ankle and @entity158 , and @entity1746 , was the subject of the treatment. METHOD: A needle-free electroacupuncture method was applied to the affected meridian region. An individually designed Chinese herbal decoction was used for a coordinated approach. RESULTS: Noticeable progress occurred within 2 weeks of the treatment, and 1.5-2 months later, the @entity1 could walk without crutches. A full recovery occurred after a further 2 weeks. OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: The outcome measurement was change in @entity158 score and swollen status (severity of swollenness), as well as function restoration. CONCLUSIONS: There are no published articles showing the efficiency and safety of this needle-free acupuncture and herbal medicine treatment regimen. Therefore, an accumulation of similar clinical cases or further research is needed to evaluate this particular treatment method.

title: XXXX treated with needle-free electroacupuncture and raw Chinese herbal decoction: a case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity RSDs']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['RSD', 'Reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'ankle pain']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['very complex syndrome']

answer: @entity6865 :: (MESH:D012019,Disease) :: ['Algodystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated whether @entity1 with @entity1118 ( @entity1689 ) @entity854 in the cerebral response to experimental @entity158 stimuli. METHODS: @entity5526 ( @entity5526 ) were recorded in 15 @entity1 with @entity1689 and in 15 healthy volunteers during repetitive stimulation of the upper abdominal region ( @entity788 ') and the right forearm (heterologous area). Three sequences of painful stimuli were applied at each site. Subjective @entity158 scores were assessed by a visual analogue scale. @entity734 was calculated as the relative change in @entity5526 amplitudes between the first and the third stimulation sequence. RESULTS: As expected @entity158 scores decreased in healthy volunteers during successive stimulations at both sites (i.e., habituation), while in the @entity1689 group, they remained unchanged. The cerebral response consisted of an early-latency, low-amplitude response (N1, contralateral temporal region) followed by a late, high-amplitude, negative-positive complex (N2/P2, vertex). During successive stimulation of the pancreatic area, N2/P2 amplitude increased 25% in @entity1689 @entity1 , while they decreased 20% in healthy volunteers (p   =   0.006). After stimulation of the forearm, N2/P2 amplitudes increased 3% in @entity1689 @entity1 compared to a decrease of 20% in healthy volunteers (p   =   0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, @entity1689 @entity1 had an abnormal cerebral response to repetitive thermal stimuli. This was most prominent after stimulation of the upper abdominal area. As this area share spinal innervation with the pancreatic gland, these findings likely mirror distinctive abnormalities in @entity158 processing.

title: Cerebral excitability is abnormal in XXXX with @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ["pancreatic 'viscerotome"]

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['CHEPS', 'Contact heat-evoked potentials']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['present abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'cerebral pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['painful chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Habituation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3909 is a rare metastatic event in gynecological @entity5 , and most cases occur in @entity43 . It is extremely infrequent in cervical @entity5 , and so far, there are not any reports of this complication in association with @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We report a case of @entity3909 secondary to @entity1204 cases. A MEDLINE search was done to review all published cases of this complication in gynecological @entity5 to identify predictive factors for this diagnosis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: @entity3909 is usually diagnosed late in the course of the disease, and most reports concern @entity43 @entity1 . The number of cases describing this @entity16 in @entity5 is increasing. @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may be necessary for this diagnosis, because cerebrospinal fluid analysis results may be negative. Most cervix cases had squamous cell (8/14) or neuroendocrine histologic subtype (3/14), and when reported, differentiation was usually poor. The case we report of @entity1204 , unique in the literature, is a @entity420 . CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion is necessary, and @entity3909 should be considered in @entity1 with unexplained neurologic symptoms whose gynecologic @entity5 are poorly undifferentiated or have a serous component.

title: XXXX and uterine carcinoma: three different clinical settings and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial carcinoma and 2 complex cervix cancer', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias', 'cervix cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complication']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal carcinomatosis', 'Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['serous adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3909 :: (MESH:D055756,Disease) :: ['Meningeal carcinomatosis']


abstract: There is a pressing need to establish recruitment, retention, and adherence feasibility to inform clinical trials that will evaluate how exercise affects the symptoms and disease trajectory in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). This paper reported the recruitment rate, retention, and adherence from a 6-month cycling study in community-dwelling older adults with mild-to-moderate @entity195 using a single-group, repeated-measures design. Seven recruitment strategies were tested. @entity1 were prescribed an individualized, 15-45-min moderate intensity cycling 3 times a week for 6 months. The results showed a 1.87 recruitment rate (No. of @entity1 recruited per month per site), 78.6% retention (No. of completers/No. of enrolled @entity1 ), and 86.4% adherence (number sessions meeting prescription dose/total number of sessions). The findings addressed a major gap in aerobic exercise studies in @entity195 . Successful recruitment relies on community partnership, whereas strategies for ensuring @entity1 exercise safety collectively improved retention and adherence.

title: Improving recruitment, retention, and adherence to 6-month cycling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: More than 50% of a group of healthy homosexuals in Israel were found to have an activated interferon ( @entity3027 ) system as evidenced by markedly elevated blood @entity3027 levels, increased in vitro production of @entity3027 by unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and HuIFN-alpha and HuIFN-gamma production by appropriately stimulated cells, and a surprisingly high incidence of an antiviral state of cells. This pattern resembles that found in @entity1 with acute @entity1800 , and is unlike that found in normal healthy controls. The type of @entity3027 in the blood was found to be unusual in that it was mainly HuIFN-alpha, pH 2-labile, a type of @entity3027 found in certain collagen diseases as well as in homosexual @entity1 suffering from @entity2826 or @entity3329 . Natural killer (NK) cytotoxic activity was found to be somewhat lower than that found in normal controls, although no correlation was found between blood @entity3027 levels and NK activity. Mean (2'-5')-oligoisoadenylate synthetase levels in cell extracts were intermediate between normal controls and @entity1 with @entity1800 . Likewise no correlation was found between enzyme levels and blood @entity3027 levels. The highly activated @entity3027 system found in certain homosexuals, as well as the increased spontaneous production of @entity3027 by unstimulated mononuclear cells, suggest the possibility of the presence of a virus, active or latent, in these individuals. This virus could be a retrovirus such as HTLV-III or LAV which have recently been isolated from @entity791 @entity1 . The special type of @entity3027 present could be the response to a novel virus in an unusual situation. On the basis of recent reports, we speculate that homosexuals with highly activated @entity3027 systems who produce pH 2-labile HuIFN-alpha could be at increased risk for developing @entity791 .

title: Activated interferon system in healthy homosexual XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Delayed @entity391 with @entity900 is a significant problem, which is often poorly controlled with conventional antiemetics. There is a relative paucity of data on the control of delayed @entity391 and rather inconsistent results have been reported. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of @entity3974 versus @entity1769 in dose related grades of @entity900 -induced delayed @entity391 . METHODS: A total of 80 chemotherapy naive @entity1 with @entity5 were randomized to receive @entity900 60 mg/m2 intravenously (iv) either as a single dose on day 1 (high dose regimen) or split into three doses of 20 mg/m2 each on 3 days (low dose regimen) along with @entity1732 + @entity1487 in 40 @entity1 each. @entity1 were further randomized in each @entity900 regimen to receive either 20 mg @entity1769 (20 @entity1 ) or 8 mg @entity3974 (20 @entity1 ) iv 30 min prior to @entity900 administration followed by the respective antiemetic orally 8 hourly for five days after the last @entity900 administration. Ten @entity1 receiving high dose @entity900 in each group were also given @entity619 8 mg iv with the primary antiemetic. The assessment period started 24 h after last @entity900 infusion and ended at midnight on day 5. RESULTS: In low dose @entity900 regimen, complete suppression of delayed @entity391 occurred in 55 per cent @entity1 receiving @entity3974 and in 30 per cent @entity1 receiving @entity1769 . Neither @entity3974 nor @entity1769 could completely suppress delayed @entity391 in high dose @entity900 regimen. Protection from nausea in the delayed phase was seen in 85 per cent @entity1 receiving @entity3974 and in 70 per cent @entity1 receiving @entity1769 in low dose regimen, while nausea protection rates were 70 vs 0 per cent respectively in the high dose regimen. Addition of @entity619 to @entity1769 significantly augmented its antiemetic efficacy (P<0.02) and the combination of @entity1769 + @entity619 was found to be as efficacious as @entity3974 monotherapy. Twenty out of 80 @entity1 reported 39 adverse events of mild intensity. No significant effects on QOL (quality of life) parameters were observed in any group over the 5-day period. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that delayed @entity391 due to @entity900 is also dose related, and superior antiemetic efficacy of @entity3974 compared to @entity1769 is maintained, though its superiority is less marked than against acute @entity391 . @entity1769 and @entity619 combination matched the antiemetic efficacy of @entity3974 monotherapy.

title: Efficacy _ tolerability of @entity3974 compared to @entity1769 in dose dependent @entity900 -induced delayed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['Metoclopramide', 'metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5- fluorouracil']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['emesis']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species can directly damage tissue. In this setting, amplification of tissue damage also occurs through infiltration of inflammatory cells either acutely or chronically. Several recent studies suggest that reactive @entity26 species stimulate production of certain chemokines, which are potent chemoattractants for inflammatory cells. In the present study, we examined whether oxidants, generated by the combination of @entity3624 and @entity3624 oxidase (X/XO), alter chemokine production by monocytes and U937 cells. Our findings demonstrate that X/XO stimulates monocytes, but not U937 cells, to produce increased amounts of @entity687 ( @entity687 ) and monocyte chemoattractant protein. This effect is attenuated by pretreatment with @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), a scavenger of @entity3787 radicals, but is not affected by @entity224 dismutase or @entity2196 . In contrast, X/XO-induced @entity137 , evidenced by @entity880 dehydrogenase release, is mediated primarily by @entity273 , as @entity2196 reverses this effect. Finally, exposure to X/XO causes an increase in @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ), and this effect is attenuated by @entity3733 . These studies suggest that reactive @entity26 species can induce production of molecules that amplify @entity32 through attraction of inflammatory cells. It appears the @entity3787 radical is the principal oxidant species involved in stimulation of chemokine production.

title: Modulation of monocyte chemokine production and XXXX activity by oxidants.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor kappa B', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['nuclear factor kappa B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity424 may experience a relapse in up to 50% of cases depending on the extent of resection. Key biological events associated with recurrence are unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To discover the biology behind the recurrence of @entity424 , we performed CGHarray and a dual-color gene expression microarray analysis of 17 @entity5 at diagnosis co-hybridized with the corresponding 27 first or subsequent relapses from the same @entity1 . As treatment and location had only limited influence on specific gene expression changes at relapse, we established a common signature for relapse. Eighty-seven genes showed an absolute fold change >= 2 in at least 50% of relapses and were defined as the gene expression signature of @entity424 . The most frequently upregulated genes are involved in the kinetochore ( @entity22985 , @entity13501 ) or in neural development ( @entity5439 , Wnt and Notch pathways). Metallothionein (MT) genes were downregulated in up to 80% of the recurrences. Quantitative PCR for @entity22985 , @entity13501 and @entity25904 plus immunohistochemistry for @entity22985 and @entity25904 confirmed the microarray results. Immunohistochemistry on an independent series of 24 @entity5 pairs at diagnosis and at relapse confirmed the decrease of @entity25904 expression at recurrence in 17/24 @entity5 pairs (p=0.002). Conversely, @entity22985 expression was more frequently positive at relapse (87.5% vs 37.5%, p=0.03). Loss or deletion of the MT genes cluster was never observed at relapse. Promoter sequencing after @entity9736 treatment of DNA from @entity5 and recurrences as well as treatment of short-term @entity424 cells cultures with a demethylating agent showed that methylation was not involved in @entity25904 downregulation. However, in vitro treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor or @entity219 restored @entity25904 expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The most frequent molecular events associated with @entity424 were over-expression of kinetochore proteins and down-regulation of metallothioneins. @entity25904 expression is epigenetically controlled and can be restored in vitro by histone deacetylase inhibitors.

title: Portrait of XXXX in @entity1 : biomarkers of @entity5 progression identified by dual-color microarray-based gene expression analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'ependymomas', 'ependymoma recurrence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['ependymoma recurrence']


abstract: Anaesthesia for elective direct current cardioversion (DCC) was induced with @entity1875 (Diprivan) 1.2 mg/kg in 28 @entity1 and with 0.2 mg/kg @entity4671 ( @entity4671 ) in 20 @entity1 . These mostly high risk @entity1 (NYHA class II to III) were successfully treated with defibrillation. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before and after induction and at 2 minutes intervals up to 20 minutes after DCC. Both anaesthetic agents caused mild @entity551 . Heart rate did not change significantly after induction but fell significantly after DCC from the mean value of 124 +/- 26 bpm and 122 +/- 37 bpm to 94 +/- 19 bpm and to 91 +/- 19 bpm in @entity1875 and @entity4671 treated @entity1 respectively. Four @entity1 became apnoeic necessitating assisted ventilation for approximately four minutes. All @entity1875 treated @entity1 had rapid recovery times and opened eyes on command within 5.6 +/- 1.9 minutes after induction, and were fully orientated about 4 minutes later also. Complete @entity2730 was observed in all @entity1 in this group. In contrast @entity4671 induced anaesthesia did not cause @entity1576 , but the recovery time was longer. Four @entity1 of this group complained of recall of DCC. In 7 @entity1 due to @entity2358 or @entity2045 , after induction with @entity4671 reliable EKG monitoring appeared to be difficult.

title: [Anesthesia for cardioversion. A comparison of XXXX and @entity4671 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate', 'Hypnomidate']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: Although current embryo culture media are based on @entity1735 metabolism of embryos, little is known about metabolism of endogenous lipids. @entity6211 is a b-oxidation cofactor absent in most culture media. The objective was to investigate the influence of @entity6211 supplementation on @entity291 embryo development. Abattoir-derived @entity291 cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured and fertilized. Post-fertilization, presumptive zygotes were transferred into a basic cleavage medium    @entity3363 ( @entity413 , @entity880 and @entity2388 )    5 mm @entity6211 and cultured for 4 days in vitro. In the absence of @entity3363 during culture, embryos arrested at the 2- and 4-cell stages. Remarkably, + @entity6211 increased development to the morula stage compared to + @entity3363 alone (P < 0.001). The beneficial effects of @entity6211 were further demonstrated by inclusion of @entity3363 , with 14-fold more embryos reaching the morula stage after culture in the + @entity3363 + @entity6211 group compared to the + @entity3363 group (P < 0.05). Whereas there was a trend for + @entity6211 to increase @entity855 (P = 0.09), @entity857 levels were higher and @entity855 : @entity857 ratio were 1.9-fold lower (main effect, P < 0.05) compared to embryos cultured in - @entity6211 . Therefore, we inferred that + @entity6211 embryos were more metabolically active, with higher rates of @entity855 - @entity857 conversion. In conclusion, @entity6211 supplementation supported precompaction embryo development and there was an additive effect of + @entity6211 + @entity3363 on early embryo development, most likely through increased b-oxidation within embryos.

title: Utilization of endogenous fatty acid stores for energy production in XXXX preimplantation embryos.

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Twenty-one @entity1 with nonresectable @entity1149 (15 squamous-cell, 4 adeno, 2 large-cell; T1-T3, N0-N2, all M0) underwent lymph node dissection and intraoperative irradiation of the @entity5 (IORT) with doses between 10 and 20 Gy (energies: 7 to 20 MeV electron beam). Postoperatively, 46-56 Gy external beam irradiation (8 or 23 MeV photon beam) were delivered to the mediastinum and 46 Gy to the @entity5 bearing area. Fifteen @entity1 were available for follow-up investigations. The CT-scan @entity5 volumetry 4 weeks postoperatively showed a significant overall decrease (Wilcoxon test: p less than 0.05) with eight minor responses (MR) ( @entity5 regressions between 4 and 45%) and six partial responses (PR) (between 50 and 84%). One case was not evaluable. A second volumetry after external irradiation was done in 14 @entity1 , 18 weeks after IORT, showing 3 complete responses, 10 partial responses (62 to 84%), and 1 minor response (28%). The recent volumetries (10 @entity1 ) between 4.5 and 16.5 months after IORT showed 7 complete responses and 3 partial responses (63 to 94%). One @entity1 died from intrabronchial hemorrhage at 7 weeks. Three others died from unrelated causes, 6, 12 and 14 months, respectively, after IORT and in one further case the cause of @entity204 at 15 months was local @entity5 regrowth. Within the median time elapsed since IORT (12 months) only this one case of local regrowth and one further case of distant spread were observed.

title: Intraoperative radiation therapy combined with external irradiation in nonresectable XXXX : preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) adsorbed on cigarette sidestream smoke particulates (CSSPs) have been regarded as important contributors to lung @entity105 in never smokers. However, limited information is available on @entity2556 levels in cigarette sidestream smoke. Here we determine the concentrations of 22 @entity2556 , including 16 US EPA priority @entity2556 , in CSSPs generated from a high market-share domestic brand in Taiwan. Five of the 22 @entity2556 are undetectable. The remaining 17 @entity2556 constitute about 0.022% of the total mass of CSSPs. Near one fifth of the PAH mass come from IARC group 1 and group 2 carcinogens. Carcinogenic potency is equivalent to 144 ng @entity3014 per cigarette converted according to potency equivalency factors (PEFs). The CSSP condensate could activate @entity5874 activity and induce @entity5874 target gene expression. High concentrations of CSSPs also exhibited @entity5874 -independent @entity137 . However, mixing the 17 @entity2556 as the composition in the CSSP condensate could not reconstitute either capacity. Since @entity5874 activation and @entity137 are important mechanisms underlying carcinogenic potency, the results suggest that other component compounds play a more active role in @entity105 . The approach of individual PAH profiling plus PEF conversion commonly used in risk assessment is likely to underestimate the risk caused by environmental cigarette smoke exposure.

title: XXXX in cigarette sidestream smoke particulates from a Taiwanese brand and their carcinogenic relevance.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: CONTEXT: The appearance of @entity652 and their progression to @entity420 is the result of an accumulation of genetic changes in cells of the intestinal mucosa inherited or acquired during life. Several proteins have been studied in relation to the development and progression of @entity14 , including @entity5 protein @entity876 ( @entity876 ) and antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (Ki-67). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of @entity876 and Ki-67 in @entity2513 and correlate the observed levels with clinical and pathologic findings. METHOD: The sample consisted of 50 @entity6523 from @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy. After performing polypectomy, @entity1127 were preserved in a formalin solution with 10% (vol./vol.) phosphate buffer, submitted for routine preparation of sections and slides and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 . For each @entity652 we then performed immunohistochemistry to detect specific @entity876 and Ki-67 proteins using a streptavidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: @entity876 was detected in 18% of the @entity652 . The average Ki-67 protein index (i.Ki-67) was 0.49. A statistically significant difference was observed in @entity876 (P = 0.0003) and Ki-67 (P = 0.02) expression between @entity652 with low- and high-grade @entity1141 , particularly for @entity876 . The expression of Ki-67 was greater in rectal @entity652 than in colic @entity652 (P = 0.02). No relationship was found between the expression of the two proteins in the sample. CONCLUSION: The @entity876 protein is expressed in a proportion of @entity652 , while the Ki-67 protein was expressed in all @entity652 . The expression of @entity876 was higher in @entity652 with high-grade @entity1141 . The expression of Ki-67 was higher in rectal @entity652 and in @entity652 with high-grade @entity1141 .

title: Immunohistochemical evaluation of XXXX and Ki-67 proteins in @entity2513 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal cavernoma is regarded as a contraindication to @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ). AIM: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of @entity5273 for @entity101 in non-cirrhotic @entity1 with portal cavernoma. METHODS: Between July 2002 and December 2009, 46 consecutive non-cirrhotic @entity1 with portal cavernoma were admitted to our center. Twenty @entity1 presented with variceal rebleeding (n = 20) and refractory ascites (n = 1), and were treated with @entity5273 . They were followed until either @entity204 or July 2010. Data were compared using the Fisher's exact test or t test. RESULTS: @entity5273 were successfully placed in 35% (7/20) of @entity1 via a transjugular approach alone (n = 1), a combined transjugular/transhepatic approach (n = 4), and a combined transjugular/transsplenic approach (n = 2). @entity5273 were inserted in a large collateral vein in two @entity1 in whom recanalization of the occluded main portal vein was impossible. Procedure-related complication was hepatic capsule perforation in one @entity1 who was cured by medical therapy alone. @entity409 occurred in two @entity1 , but @entity5273 revision was failed in one of them. Portosystemic pressure gradient was significantly reduced in @entity5273 success group (26.3    1.1 vs. 12.4    1.1 mmHg, p < 0.001). The incidence of @entity548 in @entity5273 success group is lower than that in @entity5273 failure group (14 vs. 69%, p = 0.057). In @entity5273 success group, two @entity1 died of @entity281 and accident, respectively. In @entity5273 failure group, two @entity1 died of @entity1578 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5273 procedures are feasible and safe in selected @entity1 with portal cavernoma. Successful @entity5273 insertions may decrease the incidence of variceal rebleeding.

title: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal cavernoma with XXXX in non-cirrhotic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Shunt dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['symptomatic portal hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study @entity43 at angiography and its histologic effect on @entity1 who were treated with uterine artery embolization (UAE) with or without @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ) for symptomatic @entity10401 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred @entity1 (mean age, 43.6 years +/- 6.34) underwent UAE at the authors' institution from June 1998 to May 2005. Eight of the 400 @entity1 underwent hysterectomy with removal of at least one adnexae after UAE. Five @entity1 received tris-acryl gelatin microspheres and three received @entity4832 particles. Two @entity1 also underwent @entity2670 with gelatin sponges. Specimens from 16 fallopian tubes and 12 ovaries were reviewed. Histologic slides were prepared and reviewed by two pathologists who were blinded to the angiographic findings. The presence of utero-ovarian anastomoses at angiography, the histologic features of adnexa, the presence of particles in the adnexa, and the size and location of the particles were studied. RESULTS: @entity43 was present at angiography in three of the eight @entity1 (38%) and five of the 16 adnexa (31%). Particles were present within the fallopian tube or ovary in all @entity1 who demonstrated utero-ovarian anastomoses at angiography. When utero-ovarian anastomoses were identified bilaterally, particles were found in both adnexae. In cases with particles in the adnexa, the adnexal tissues were histologically viable without evidence of ischemic changes or @entity1188 . Particles were not present in the ovary of @entity1 without @entity43 at angiography. CONCLUSION: The angiographic finding of a @entity43 during UAE appears to correlate with particle embolization in the fallopian tube or ovary. Histologically normal fallopian tubes and ovaries can be expected after UAE with microsphere particles with and without @entity2670 with gelatin sponges.

title: @entity43 : histopathologic correlation after uterine artery embolization with or without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['utero-ovarian anastomosis', 'Utero-ovarian anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['OAE', 'ovarian artery embolization']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['ovarian artery embolization']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound has been used to locate @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ). We describe the use of spectral Doppler to measure flow resistance and resistive index (RI) of vessels around the nidus to distinguish feeding arteries from en passant and normal vessels. This is particularly helpful in small @entity2758 and aids in the identification of normal vessels and completeness of resection by ruling out persistent low RI flow. METHODS: Seven @entity1 with @entity2758 underwent resection. Spectral Doppler applied to the vessels in proximity to the @entity7026 , along with calculated RI, was used to identify feeding arteries and draining veins. After presumed surgical resection of the @entity7026 , pre-resection and postresection RIs were compared to identify residual @entity7026 . Postoperative angiography was performed in all seven @entity1 to confirm complete resection of the @entity7026 . RESULTS: The mean pre-resection RI of vessels feeding the @entity7026 was 0.34 (+/-0.01). In five @entity1 without residual nidus on the basis of postresection color Doppler and postoperative angiogram, the postresection RI was 0.62 (+/-0.04). In two @entity1 , the postresection scan identified a nidus with persistent low RI flow. Once residual @entity7026 was resected, the RI became significantly higher. A postoperative angiogram confirmed complete resection of the @entity7026 in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Intraoperative duplex Doppler allowed more accurate localization of the @entity7026 nidus. RI of the vessels around the @entity7026 helped to distinguish vessels feeding the @entity7026 from en passant vessels. Furthermore, comparison of pre-resection and postresection RI accurately indicated the completeness of resection.

title: Intraoperative Doppler to measure cerebrovascular resistance as a guide to complete resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['AVMs', 'arteriovenous malformations']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: @entity3163 ( @entity7034 ) is associated with @entity2241 , but the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. DNA methylation, an important epigenetic reprogramming mechanism, is essential for normal embryonic development. Thus, we investigated the effect of @entity7034 on DNA methylation in early @entity19 embryos, as well as @entity19 sperm and liver using @entity9736 sequencing and ELISA. Data indicate that @entity7728 , a paternally imprinted gene, compared to control embryos, was less methylated in 8-cell embryos from pregnant @entity19 treated with @entity7034 (100 mg/l) in drinking water for 48 h. @entity29531 , a maternally imprinted gene, and the Line1 repeated sequence were similarly methylated in @entity7034 -treated and control embryos. Oral ingestion of @entity7034 for 35 days did not significantly change Line1 and genomic global DNA methylation in the liver. @entity7728 , @entity29532 , Line1, and genomic global DNA methylation were also similar in @entity7034 -treated and control sperm. Female @entity19 mated with @entity7034 -treated male @entity19 (35 days) had less methylated @entity7728 , but @entity29531 was significantly more methylated. Line1 was similarly methylated in treated 8-cell embryos, compared to control embryos. @entity7034 treatment of male @entity19 before copulation significantly increased the expression of @entity7728 in blastocysts, whereas @entity7728 expression was not detected in 8-cell embryos. Data suggest that @entity7034 may interact directly with the embryo to disrupt the maintenance of normal gene imprinting during pregnancy. Long-term @entity7034 exposure of males may not directly affect DNA methylation of the sperm and liver, but the sperm may signal to early embryos with abnormal gene imprinting.

title: @entity3163 disrupts DNA methylation of XXXX and @entity29531 imprinted genes during the early development of @entity19 embryo.

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic and fetal development abnormalities']

answer: @entity7728 :: (14955(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['H19']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the incidence and amount of @entity3728 during hysteroscopic surgery using either @entity162 and to investigate the relationship between the severity of @entity3728 and the amount of intravasation of distension fluid. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, observer-blinded trial. Fifty @entity1 , scheduled for hysteroscopic surgery, were assigned to either @entity162 . Transesophageal echocardiography was used to detect and classify @entity3728 (grade 0-IV). Intravasation of distension fluid was measured. RESULTS: @entity1211 was observed in all but 1 @entity1 . A higher incidence of more extensive (grade IV) was seen during @entity162 (42% vs 13%; P = .031). @entity2121 was observed in 2 @entity1 . When intravasation exceeded 1000 mL, significantly more grade IV @entity1211 was seen (P = .049). CONCLUSION: During hysteroscopic surgery, @entity3728 was equally observed irrespective of the type of diathermia. However, more extensive @entity887 was observed when intravasation of distension fluid exceeded 1 L. These results question the acceptance of up to 2500 mL intravasation of distension fluid if @entity162 is used.

title: XXXX during hysteroscopic surgery using bipolar or monopolar diathermia: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['gas embolism']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['monopolar or bipolar diathermia', 'bipolar diathermia']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['Paradoxical embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous gas embolism', 'venous gas embolism']

answer: @entity3728 :: (MESH:D004618,Disease) :: ['Gas embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The SRS-22r questionnaire is a well-accepted instrument used to measure health-related quality of life in @entity1 with @entity2112 . No validated tool exists in Brazil for @entity2112 , and the use of the SRS-22r in non-English Laguage contries requires its transcultural adaptation. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to culturally adapt the translated Brazilian version of the SRS-22r questionnaire and to determine its reliability using statistical tests for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. METHOD: The transcultural adaptation process was carried out according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. The pre-final version was administered to 44 @entity1 with @entity2112 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 18.93 years and the mean curve magnitude was 54.6  . A subgroup of 30 volunteers completed the questionnaire a second time one week later to determine the scale's reproducibility. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the test-retest reliability was determined using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: No floor effects were observed using the Brazilian version of the SRS-22r. Ceiling effects were observed in the @entity158 and Satisfaction with Management domains. The internal consistency values were very good for 3 domains and good for 2 domains. The ICC values were excellent for all domains. CONCLUSIONS: The high values of internal consistency and ICC reproducibility suggest that this version of the questionnaire can be used in Brazilian @entity1 with @entity2112 .

title: The Brazilian version of the SRS-22r questionnaire for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: RATIONALE: Cognitive testing with touchscreen-equipped operant boxes ('touchscreens') is becoming increasingly popular. Tasks, such as paired associate learning or reversal learning of visual stimuli, have the discrimination of visual stimuli as a fundamental component. However, the effect of drugs commonly used in the study of cognitive mechanisms has yet to be described in a visual discrimination. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to profile a range of psychoactive agents (glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic agonists and antagonists) known to be important in cognitive processing on visual discrimination performance using a touch sensitive computer monitor. METHODS: Male Lister Hooded @entity35 were trained to a stable level of performance in a simple visual discrimination. In Experiment 1, the effect of @entity3390 , @entity12781 , @entity3393 , @entity27814 ( @entity2254 ) and @entity5591 was assessed. In Experiment 2, the stimuli were blended together resulting in a perceptually more demanding discrimination and a reduction in accuracy. The @entity35 used in Experiment 1 were then retested with these 'morphed' stimuli under the influence of the above compounds. RESULTS: @entity3390 , @entity212 , and @entity2254 induced selective deficits in accuracy in both versions of the task. In contrast, @entity5591 and @entity3393 produced non-selective deficits in accuracy. Morphing the stimuli reduced accuracy, but did not alter the observed behavioural profile after compound administration. CONCLUSION: These data improve our understanding of the basic neuropharmacology of a visual discrimination in cognitive tests employing touchscreens and will aid in the interpretation of pharmacological studies with more cognitively demanding methodologies.

title: The pharmacological sensitivity of a touchscreen-based visual discrimination task in the XXXX using simple and perceptually challenging stimuli.

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['D-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity27814 :: ('CHEBI:51064', 'Chemical') :: ['dextroamphetamine sulphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To evaluate the urological outcome in a long-term follow-up of individuals with @entity9960 and relate the findings obtained to urodynamic variables in childhood. @entity1 AND METHODS:     Individuals with @entity9960 born from 1964-1988 were included at time of urodynamic investigation.     Age at inclusion was in the range from 1 month to 19.5 years (median, 6 years).     Detrusor function was classified as overactive, underactive or non-contractile.     Urethral function was classified according to the leak point pressure.     In childhood and at follow-up, kidney function was estimated with renography and isotope-glomerular filtration rate examinations. RESULTS:     In total, 52 individuals (28 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ) aged 19-41 years (median, 29 years) had follow-up.     Of these, 37 (71%) individuals had bilateral normal kidney function at follow-up; seven (14%) had normal total renal function but unilateral deteriorated kidney, and eight individuals (15%) had deteriorated kidney function.     Adult individuals with bilateral @entity8 had a significant higher frequency of diagnosed detrusor overactivity at childhood urodynamics (63%) compared to those with normal function of both kidneys (24%). In total, 48% of the 52 @entity9960 individuals were continent at follow-up.     Continence surgery was performed in eight @entity1 , nine used anticholinergica, three had regular botulinum toxin detrusor injections, and 27 used clean intermittent catheterization. CONCLUSIONS:     Overall, 15% of @entity1 had @entity8 and 48% were urinary continent.     Considering the present age distribution of the present study population, this figure appears to be comparable to the data in the literature.     Urodynamic findings in childhood were predictive for later @entity8 .

title: Urological outcome after XXXX : 20 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys', 'PATIENTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of kidney function', 'kidney deterioration']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['myelomeningocele']

answer: @entity9960 :: (MESH:D008591,Disease) :: ['myelomeningocele']


abstract: Uncertainties regarding the pathogenetic changes underlying the @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the endocrine and metabolic features of @entity3610 @entity1 in relation to luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. @entity342 assays, oral @entity413 tolerance tests, hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamps and gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) tests were performed in 100 @entity1 . Sixty-six @entity1 scheduled as hyperinsulinaemic and 34 as normoinsulinaemic showed similar concentrations of LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH ratio, and LH response to @entity1176 testing. Hyperinsulinaemic subjects showed higher body mass index (BMI), @entity2690 resistance, @entity251 and free @entity342 index levels compared with those of normoinsulinaemic subjects; when clustered in relation to their LH basal concentrations, the two groups obtained differed only in @entity2671 concentrations. Considering both @entity2690 and LH plasma concentrations, four groups were obtained. Hyperinsulinaemia and hyper-LH secretion were not related in 54% and coexisted in the same subjects in 26% of cases. Hyperinsulinaemia as well as hyper-LH secretion affected the expression of the syndrome; the insulinaemia was directly correlated with @entity251 concentrations and all metabolic parameters that affected the free @entity342 index. The LH concentrations were related to @entity342 production and were independent of BMI and @entity2690 concentrations. It is concluded that the degree of hormonal alteration is the final sum of such pathogenetic factors.

title: Changes in luteinizing hormone and @entity2690 secretion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small @entity1 numbers in phase I trials may result in a safe but ineffective dose being recommended for phase II trials. A phase II dose escalation study may identify a dose that is both safe and effective. The Japanese phase I recommended dose of 60 mg/m2 of @entity1205 (Taxotere) had been ineffective in phase II trials in @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 previously treated with one @entity902 -based regimen for @entity43 received @entity1205 (Taxotere) every 3 weeks. The first dose tested was 70 mg/m2. If none of the first 5 evaluable @entity1 responded, the dose was increased. If at least one @entity1 responded, 10 more @entity1 were enrolled. Also, if fewer than 3 of these first 15 evaluable @entity1 responded, the dose was increased. If at least 3 @entity1 responded, another 15 @entity1 were scheduled to be enrolled to confirm efficacy. Unacceptable @entity137 in 4 of 5, or 10 of 15 @entity1 would stop escalation. RESULTS: Dose escalation from 70 mg/m2 was not required because responses were noted with acceptable @entity137 levels. Overall response in 25 evaluable @entity1 treated at 70 mg/m2 was 24.0% (95% CI = 9.4-45.1%). CONCLUSION: @entity1205 70 mg/m2 without premedication was identified as a safe and effective dose. Further testing of the phase II dose escalation design is worthwhile.

title: Phase II dose escalation: a novel approach to balancing efficacy and @entity137 of anticancer agents. Japanese @entity1205 XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Predictive biomarkers offer the potential to improve the benefit:risk ratio of a therapeutic agent. @entity19878 achieves comparable pathologic complete response (pCR) rates to other active drugs in the neoadjuvant setting. This phase II trial was designed to investigate potential biomarkers that differentiate response to this agent. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 with untreated, histologically confirmed primary invasive @entity0 received neoadjuvant @entity632 / @entity786 , followed by 1:1 randomization to @entity19878 (n = 148) or @entity1311 (n = 147). Rates of pCR were compared between treatment arms based on predefined biomarker sets: @entity537 , @entity29189 , and @entity29190 gene expression, a 20- and 26-gene expression model, @entity1262 protein expression, and other potential markers of sensitivity. @entity12357 -tubulin protein expression is reported separately but is referred to here for completeness. All @entity1 underwent a core needle biopsy of the primary @entity5 for molecular marker analysis before chemotherapy. Gene expression profiling data were used for molecular subtyping. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the rate of pCR in both treatment arms in @entity12357 -tubulin-positive @entity1 . Higher pCR rates were observed among @entity12357 -tubulin-positive @entity1 than in @entity12357 -tubulin-negative @entity1 . Furthermore, no correlation was evident between @entity537 , @entity29189 , and @entity29190 gene expression, @entity1262 protein expression, multi-gene expression models, and the efficacy of @entity19878 or @entity1311 , even within the @entity172 receptor-negative subset. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity12357 -tubulin protein and mRNA expression, @entity1262 protein expression, @entity29189 and @entity29190 gene expression, and multigene expression models (20- and 26-gene) are not predictive markers for differentiating treatment benefit between @entity19878 and @entity1311 in @entity0 .

title: Biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant @entity632 / XXXX followed by @entity19878 or @entity1311 in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast adenocarcinoma', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity19878 :: ('MESH:C430592', 'Chemical') :: ['ixabepilone', 'Ixabepilone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of oral @entity288 as treatment of @entity1030 exacerbations in primary care is well established and evidence-based. However, the most appropriate dosage regimen has not been determined and remains controversial. Corticosteroid therapy is associated with a number of undesirable side effects, including hyperglycaemias, so differences in prescribing might be relevant. This study examines the differences between GPs in dosage and duration of @entity617 treatment in @entity1 with a @entity1030 . It also investigates the number of general practitioners (GPs) who adjust their treatment according to the presence of @entity6 co-morbidity. METHODS: Cross-sectional study among 219 GPs and 25 GPs in training, located in the Northern part of the Netherlands. RESULTS: The response rate was 69%. Nearly every GP prescribed a continuous dose of @entity617 30 mg per day. Among GPs there were substantial differences in treatment duration. GPs prescribed courses of five, seven, ten, or fourteen days. A course of seven days was most common. The duration of treatment depended on exacerbation and disease severity. A course of five days was especially prescribed in case of a less severe exacerbation. In a more severe exacerbation duration of seven to fourteen days was more common. Hardly any GP adjusted treatment to the presence of @entity6 co-morbidity. CONCLUSION: Under normal conditions GPs prescribe @entity617 quite uniformly, within the range of the current Dutch guidelines. There is insufficient guidance regarding how to adjust corticosteroid treatment to exacerbation severity, disease severity and the presence of @entity6 co-morbidity. Under these circumstances, there is a substantial variation in treatment duration.

title: @entity1030 exacerbations in general practice: variability in oral XXXX courses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD exacerbation', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: The contribution of the maculo-ocular reflex to gaze stability was studied in 10 pigmented @entity95 by rolling the animals at various angles of sagittal inclination of the rotation and/or longitudinal animal axes. At low frequencies (0.005-0.01 Hz) of sinusoidal stimulation the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was due to macular activation, while at intermediate and high frequencies it was mainly due to ampullar activation. The following results were obtained: 1) maculo-ocular reflex gain decreased as a function of the cosine of the angle between the @entity717 and the earth's horizontal plane. No change in gain was observed when @entity4409 alone was inclined. 2) At 0 degrees of @entity717 and with the animal's @entity2270 inclination also set at 0 degrees, the maculo-ocular reflex was oriented about 20 degrees forward and upward with respect to the earth's vertical @entity2270 . This orientation remained constant with sagittal inclinations of the rotation and/or longitudinal animal axes ranging from approximately 5 degrees upward to 30 degrees downward. When the @entity4409 was inclined beyond these limits, the eye trajectory tended to follow the @entity2270 inclination. In the upside down position, the maculo-ocular reflex was anticompensatory, oblique and fixed with respect to orbital coordinates. 3) Ampullo-ocular reflex gain did not change with inclinations of the rotation and/or longitudinal animal axes. The ocular responses were consistently oriented to the stimulus plane. At intermediate frequencies the eye movement trajectory was elliptic because of directional differences between the ampullo- and maculo-ocular reflexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Contribution of the maculo-ocular reflex to gaze stability in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis', 'longitudinal axis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotation axis']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal animal axis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The responsiveness of the smallest blood vessels of the @entity1 skin was measured in systemic @entity519 , @entity2944 , @entity520 , and @entity5838 . A method was used which measured quantitatively the reactive @entity450 produced by a standardized period of local @entity63 of these fine vessels. By timing the clearing period of the threshold @entity450 response a direct indication of blood flow in these fine vessels was obtained. The following conclusions were reached concerning the responses of the smallest blood vessels of the skin. 1. @entity519 causes a decrease in sensitivity to local @entity63 and a slowing of the blood flow. 2. @entity2944 prevents the changes resulting from @entity519 . 3. These changes in the smallest blood vessels of the skin occur independently of changes in pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate and depth. 4. With systemic @entity520 there is a decrease in sensitivity to local @entity63 and a slowing of blood flow. The exact opposite takes place in systemic @entity5838 . 5. The view is advanced, after due consideration of the facts, that the @entity544 concentration of the blood, or something directly associated with it, is the most important factor determining the sensitivity of these vessels, rather than @entity26 saturation or changes in blood pH.

title: QUANTITATIVE ALTERATIONS IN THE HYPEREMIA RESPONSES TO LOCAL ISCHEMIA OF THE SMALLEST BLOOD VESSELS OF THE XXXX SKIN FOLLOWING SYSTEMIC ANOXEMIA, HYPERCAPNIA, ACIDOSIS, AND ALKALOSIS.

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercapnia', 'hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic anoxemia', 'anoxemia']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['HUMAN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines recommend @entity737 ( @entity737 ) for selected @entity1 with chronic @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) to improve survival, yet @entity1479 treatment rates for eligible @entity1 with @entity1002 or @entity712 ( @entity712 ) in cardiology practices remain poorly studied. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine @entity1 and practice characteristics associated with @entity1479 use in the outpatient setting. METHODS: IMPROVE @entity712 (Improve the Use of Evidence-Based @entity712 Therapies in the Outpatient Setting), a prospective cohort study, is designed to characterize management of @entity712 with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF < or =35%). Baseline data were collected for 15,381 @entity1 attending 167 outpatient cardiology practices located in the U.S. RESULTS: By current guidelines, 7,221 @entity1 met eligibility for @entity1479 implantation (+/- cardiac resynchronization therapy [CRT]), of whom 3,659 (50.7%) received either @entity1479 (63.8%) or CRT with defibrillator (36.2%). Individual practice conformity for guideline-recommended @entity1479 use ranged from 0% to 100% (27.3% to 74.6% at the 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively). Adjusted analyses revealed lack of adherence for @entity1479 use most notably with advancing age (odds ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.82 to 0.93 per 10 years), black race (odds ratio: 0.75; 95% confidence interval: 0.60 to 0.94), and lack of insurance (odds ratio: 0.45; 95% confidence interval: 0.26 to 0.78). Characteristics of increased adherence included male sex, @entity63 , @entity955 , and wider QRS. Practices in the Northeast U.S. were more likely to adhere to guidelines (P <.001), as were those with a dedicated @entity712 clinic (P = .004) and electrophysiologists on staff (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Although a number of @entity1 and practice characteristics are associated with guideline-based @entity1479 use, there is significant unexplained variation in the use of @entity1479 therapy for @entity944 prophylaxis across cardiology practices.

title: Evidence of clinical practice heterogeneity in the use of @entity737 in @entity712 and post-myocardial @entity1002 : Findings from IMPROVE XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['HF']


abstract: PURPOSE: To detect the functional @entity227 in @entity4457 @entity1 using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique, and investigate the relationship between @entity227 . METHODS: Blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI (BOLD-fMRI) was performed in ten monocular @entity4457 @entity1 and ten normal controls. fMRI images were acquired in two runs with visual stimulation delivered separately through the sound and amblyopic eyes. Measurements were performed in cortical activation of striate and extrastriate areas at the occipital lobe. The relationship between cortex function and visual acuity was analyzed by Pearson partial analysis. RESULTS: The activation areas of both the striate and extrastriate cortices in the amblyopic eyes were significantly lower than that of the sound fellow eyes. No relationship was found between the striate and extrastriate cortex activation. No relationship was found between the visual cortical activation of striate, extrastriate areas and visual acuity of anisometropic amblyopes. CONCLUSIONS: BOLD-fMRI revealed the independent striate and extrastriate @entity51 in anisometropic amblyopes. In addition, the @entity227 and the striate and extrastriate @entity51 were not parallel, and results of fMRI examination have much potential value in the evaluation of @entity4457 .

title: XXXX in anisometropic amblyopic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['cortical deficits']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity and visual cortex function', 'deficit of the visual cortex', 'visual acuity lesion']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropic amblyopia', 'amblyopia']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Relationship of visual cortex function and visual acuity']