abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterize the clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric profile of a sample of Brazilian @entity1 with @entity6593 managed at an outpatient referral clinic for @entity2246 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional outpatient study based on a convenience sampling strategy. Data on diagnosis, management, anthropometric parameters, and follow-up were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were included (median age 10 years, range 1-25 years), all using uncooked cornstarch therapy. Median age at diagnosis was 7 months (range, 1-132 months), and 19 @entity1 underwent liver biopsy for diagnostic confirmation. Overweight, @entity851 , @entity382 , and liver nodules were present in 16 of 21, four of 21, nine of 14, and three of 14 @entity1 , respectively. A correlation was found between height-for-age and BMI-for-age Z-scores (r=0.561; p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of @entity6593 is delayed in Brazil. Most @entity1 undergo liver biopsy for diagnostic confirmation, even though the combination of a characteristic clinical presentation and molecular methods can provide a definitive diagnosis in a less invasive manner. @entity28 is a side effect of cornstarch therapy, and appears to be associated with growth in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX : clinical and laboratory profile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity6593 :: ('MESH:D005953', 'Disease') :: ['glycogen storage disease type I']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity6593 :: (MESH:D005953,Disease) :: ['Glycogen storage disease type I']


abstract: The first described alpha-subunit mutation of @entity375 mitochondrial F1 has been recently identified as a single @entity59450 substitution in a strongly conserved sequence (Falson, P., Maffey, L., Conrath, K., and Boutry, M. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 287-293). This mutation is shown here to greatly modify the biphasic pattern of ATPase activity as a function of pH: (i) the shoulder observed at acidic pH is significantly increased; (ii) the main peak, at alkaline pH, is markedly lowered; (iii) the optimal pH is shifted from 8.8 to 7.7. The mutation lowers both apparent negative cooperativity and sensitivity to @entity2769 inhibition which concomitantly increase when the assay pH decreases. Azide partial inhibition produces apparent negative cooperativity which can be further abolished by @entity3157 . The mutation increases both activation energies determined from biphasic Arrhenius plots. The mutation decreases the inactivation rate by @entity54454 and abolishes the protection by @entity377 binding at the @entity5536 -specific regulatory site. On the contrary, it does not modify the reactivity of @entity59451 at the less-selective catalytic site. In addition, partial inactivation by @entity54454 , as opposed to @entity59451 , produces apparent negative cooperativity under conditions where unmodified-enzyme kinetics are noncooperative. The results show that alpha- @entity7647 173 participates in @entity377 interaction at a regulatory site which controls the negative cooperativity of F1-ATPase activity.

title: Alteration of apparent negative cooperativity of ATPase activity by alpha-subunit glutamine 173 mutation in @entity375 mitochondrial F1. Correlation with impaired XXXX interaction at a regulatory site.

entities_list: @entity54454 :: ('MESH:C010959', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine"]

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity59451 :: ('MESH:C017320', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoylguanosine"]

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to assess the reported use in recent publications of the diagnostic criteria for complex regional @entity158 ( @entity6866 I) proposed by the International Association for the Study of @entity158 (IASP) in 1994. METHODS: A literature search of MEDLINE (January 1996 to July 2000) was performed with use of the medical subject heading " @entity158 ." Publications in English, German, and Dutch were analyzed. From the search, 65 original publications were selected. Another 27 publications (referenced publications) that were referenced in the 65 original publications for the description of diagnostic criteria for @entity6866 I also were included. A standard form was used to assess a total of 92 publications. A sensitivity analysis was performed by means of analyzing three scenarios in which the diagnostic criteria were used as proposed and two combinations of less stringent criteria. RESULTS: Use of the diagnostic criterion @entity158 was reported in 35 (38%) of the analyzed publications. None of the original publications satisfied the proposed IASP diagnostic criteria. Four (15%) of the referenced publications satisfied the proposed IASP diagnostic criteria. Ten (15%) of the original publications referred correctly to the referenced publications. With the less strict criteria used in scenarios 2 and 3, 2 (3%) and 3 (5%), respectively, of the original publications fulfilled these criteria. CONCLUSIONS: If the diagnostic criteria for @entity6866 I are not used uniformly, the populations in clinical studies may not be uniform either. Whether different authors are describing the same syndrome and whether their findings can be compared is open to question. On the basis of the results of this study, it is concluded that the IASP criteria for @entity6866 I are poorly used in clinical studies.

title: Complex regional @entity158 : use of the International Association for the Study of XXXX diagnostic criteria defined in 1994.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain syndrome type I', 'Pain', 'reflex sympathetic dystrophy" and the free texts words "complex," "regional," "pain," and "syndrome', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: The endocrine effects of @entity3102 (400 mg orally every 8 h) were studied in 9 previously untreated @entity1 with advanced @entity263 . Five of these @entity1 were followed for 12 months. A rapid fall in the serum concentration of @entity251 was noted in all @entity1 studied. Minimal values were observed on day 4 of treatment but thereafter serum @entity251 increased slowly. The effect of the drug on unbound @entity251 was relatively more important, since sex hormone binding globulin increased markedly during treatment. An increase in @entity1420 and LH was observed in all @entity1 . This suggests that @entity3102 limits the conversion of @entity8030 -precursors into @entity3800 . This block is compensated in part by activation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal feedback system. Urinary @entity9193 were decreased but @entity51505 were unaffected by the treatment. In 5 @entity1 followed monthly over a period of 12 months the mean @entity251 concentration ranged from 69 ng/100 ml in one @entity1 to 428 ng/100 ml in another. An excellent inverse correlation could be demonstrated between the mean serum concentration of @entity251 and the mean concentration of @entity3102 . The change of serum @entity2990 also correlated inversely with the mean @entity3102 level. Increased concentrations of @entity53 were noted in 2 @entity1 with slight gynaecomastia. It is concluded that long-term suppression of @entity342 production can be realized by high-dose @entity3102 treatment and that the degree of suppression is proportional to the serum levels of the drug.

title: Endocrine effects of high-dose XXXX therapy in advanced @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2990 :: ('CHEBI:16814', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity9193 :: ('MESH:D015068', 'Chemical') :: ['17-ketosteroids']

entities_list: @entity51505 :: ('CHEBI:36838', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxysteroids']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the safety and practicality of a combined anesthesiologist and registered nurse model of anesthesia care in @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: This retrospective review comprised consecutive @entity1 having phacoemulsification @entity231 surgery and peribulbar injection anesthesia combined with @entity1875 intravenous sedation between August 1, 2004, and July 31, 2006. In all cases, anesthesiologist-supervised intravenous @entity1875 sedation during injection anesthesia was followed by registered nurse observation for the remainder of the surgery. Outcome measures were the rate of subsequent anesthesiologist intervention, intraoperative complications, and associated risk factors. @entity2357 models were used to estimate risk for anesthesiologist intervention. RESULTS: The study reviewed 3656 cases. There were no serious medical complications leading to postoperative hospitalization. Fifty-four cases (1.5%) required subsequent intraoperative anesthesiologist intervention. Evaluation of systolic @entity101 (40 of 54 cases, 74%) was the most common reason for anesthesiologist intervention. There was no correlation between anesthesiologist intervention and @entity1 age or sex (P=.77 and @entity3963 , respectively). The risk for anesthesiologist intervention increased 2.2-fold for every 1 unit increase in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status score (P=.007). CONCLUSION: The monitoring of @entity231 surgery @entity1 by registered nurses after anesthesiologist-supervised intravenous @entity1875 sedation during injection anesthesia was associated with very low complication and anesthesiologist intervention rates.

title: Model of anesthesia care that combines anesthesiologists and registered nurses during XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: Compared to thrombolysis, acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) allows both immediate revascularisation and identification of additional relevant @entity850 , so that subsequently no further risk stratification should be necessary and hospital stay shortened. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of PCI on outcome and length of hospital stay after MI compared to that in the thrombolysis era. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation in a Swiss tertiary referral centre of 105 @entity1 with @entity583 undergoing emergency PCI, who initially were neither in @entity1455 nor transferred to another primary or secondary care hospital for further treatment. Main outcome measurement was length of overall hospital stay. Additional measurements included mortality, left ventricular function, and time point of the last major adverse cardiac event (MACE). RESULTS: Overall hospitalisation time was 11.1 +/- 6.8 days, thus being only 1.5 days shorter than in the thrombolysis era. Age above 70 or type of @entity1188 did not influence hospitalisation time, but age below 60 years did. In-hospital mortality was 1%. @entity1002 was considerably impaired (<35%) in 6 @entity1 . After the sixth hospital day, 97% of MACE had occurred. According to a validated risk score, 92% of @entity1 belonged to a low risk group with a 30-day mortality risk of 1.4% or less and could have been discharged not later than day 6. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that an early discharge strategy, although safe in low risk @entity1 is not followed at the present time. This approach could further reduce costs without jeopardizing outcome.

title: Impact of contemporary emergency percutaneous coronary angioplasty for XXXX on length of hospital stay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left-ventricular function']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since its discovery in 2001 @entity14536 ( @entity14536 ) has been shown to be a significant cause of @entity1 @entity1576 , responsible for 5-8% of @entity1729 in hospitalised @entity1 . Diagnosis hitherto has been largely carried out by reverse tanscriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) but immunofluorescence staining of cells from nasopharyngeal secretions (IF) offers advantages for some laboratories and may produce a more rapid result in urgent cases. We have recently demonstrated that IF with a rabbit antiserum gave sensitivity equal to that of RT-PCR. However, monoclonal antibodies offer a more plentiful, uniform IF reagent. OBJECTIVES: Here we have evaluated a pool of anti-hMPV monoclonal antibodies in the routine diagnosis of @entity1729 in hospitalised @entity1 and @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Eight hundred and fifty-seven routine respiratory specimens were tested by IF with rabbit polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibody pool in parallel. A further 1003 specimens were tested with the monoclonal antibody pool alone. All specimens were also tested for a panel of other respiratory viruses by IF. RESULTS: Both rabbit polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibody pool gave positive results in 56 and negative results in 797 specimens. The rabbit polyclonal antibody detected virus in a further two specimens which were negative when tested with the monoclonal pool giving a concordance of 96.6% and a specificity of 100% for the monoclonal antibody pool. Overall @entity14536 was detected in 5% of specimens whilst 18.4% were positive for @entity6655 . CONCLUSIONS: The monoclonal antibody pool-based IF is a robust assay suitable for routine use with a sensitivity only slightly less than that of the other major diagnostic methodologies available.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX by immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies in the North-East of England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity14536 :: ('162145', 'Species') :: ['hMPV', 'human metapneumovirus']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity14536 :: (162145,Species) :: ['human metapneumovirus']


abstract: @entity3409 is a heavy metal that has been shown to cause its @entity137 in @entity1 and animals. Many documented studies have shown that @entity3409 produces various genotoxic effects such as DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Ailments such as @entity79 , @entity8 , and several forms of @entity5 are attributed to overexposure to @entity3409 .   Although there have been numerous studies examining the effects of @entity3409 in animal models and a few case studies involving communities where @entity3409 contamination has occurred, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. In this research, we hypothesized that oxidative stress plays a key role in @entity10278 -induced @entity137 , DNA damage, and apoptosis of @entity1 @entity96 (HepG   ) cells. To test our hypothesis, cell viability was determined by @entity98 assay. Lipid @entity273 content stress was estimated by lipid peroxidation assay. Genotoxic damage was tested by the means of alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry assessment ( @entity4404 /PI assay). The result of @entity98 assay indicated that @entity10278 induces @entity137 to HepG    cells in a concentration-dependent manner, showing a 48 hr-LD50 of 3.6   g/mL. Data generated from lipid peroxidation assay resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase of @entity273 production, specifically at the highest concentration tested. Data obtained from the Comet assay indicated that @entity10278 causes DNA damage in HepG    cells in a concentration-dependent manner. A strong concentration-response relationship (p < 0.05) was recorded between @entity4404 positive cells and @entity10278 exposure. In summary, these in vitro studies provide clear evidence that @entity10278 induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and programmed cell death in @entity1 @entity96 (HepG   ) cells.

title: @entity10278 Induces DNA Damage and Apoptosis of XXXX @entity96 Cells via Oxidative Stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3409 :: ('MESH:D002104', 'Chemical') :: ['Cadmium', 'cadmium']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of utilizing trained auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) in downstaging for @entity5 cervix in a rural area. The study population included all married @entity1 in the age group of 35-59 years in two villages of the field practice area. It was a cross-sectional study. Two ANMs were trained in history taking, visual inspection of the cervix, using of speculum and collecting Papanicolaou smears. After training, they made home visits and identified @entity1 with gynaecological symptoms suggestive of @entity5 . These @entity1 were asked to report to Rural Maternity and @entity1 Welfare whom homes where the ANMs did a visual inspection of the cervix and made a cervical smear. A total of 1402 @entity1 were registered of the ANMs could identify 368 @entity1 (26%) with symptoms. Only 192 (52.2%) of these @entity1 reported for examination. @entity102 accounted for the largest proportion of the cases (44.8%). In all, three cases were diagnosed as suspected cases of @entity5 cervix. On cytology, three cases (1.5%) turned out to be malignant. When clinical findings of the ANM were compared with results of cytological examination, a high degree of sensitivity (78.4%) and positive predictive value (97.1%) were observed in diagnosing abnormal cytological findings. However, the sensitivity for detecting specific conditions was generally low. Sensitivity for detecting erosion was 45%, for @entity102 30%, and @entity5 were totally missed. In conclusion, this study clearly shows that ANMs, if trained, would be capable of identifying symptomatic @entity1 , differentiating a normal cervix from an abnormal one and taking an adequate smear for cytological examination.

title: Downstaging for XXXX : a community-based study in the rural areas of Udupi district, Karnataka, India.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic cervicitis', 'chronic cervicitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of medial rectus pulley posterior fixation sutures to treat @entity5971 with @entity346 excess has limited support in the literature. We describe our results using this technique to treat @entity1 with large near-distance disparities. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed records of @entity1 with accommodative or partially accommodative @entity5971 and @entity346 excess 13(/\) or greater treated with bilateral medial rectus muscle recessions augmented by pulley posterior fixation. Surgical doses of recessions were calculated for the mean of distance and near deviations. Primary outcome measures were ocular alignment at distance and near and near-distance disparity. RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity1 were identified by the record review. Mean age at surgery was 5.4 years (range, 1.8-11.0 years) and mean follow-up time 12.7 months (range, 1.0-37.6 months). Mean preoperative distance @entity5971 was 22.9(/\) (range, 0(/\)-53(/\)), with a mean near-distance disparity of 26.4(/\) (range, 13(/\)-53(/\)). At 1 to 3 months postoperatively, mean distance deviation was 0.5(/\) @entity5770 (range, 18(/\) @entity5770 to 12(/\) @entity5971 ), with a statistically significant decrease in mean near-distance disparity to 4.5(/\) (range, 0(/\)-26(/\); P < 0.001). Three-quarters of @entity1 (77%) achieved 0(/\) to 9(/\) @entity5971 at 1 to 3 months, with 4 overcorrections for distance and 2 undercorrections for distance and near. At final follow-up 2 @entity1 had persistent @entity5770 less than 10(/\). CONCLUSIONS: Augmentation of bilateral medial rectus recessions with pulley posterior fixation resulted in a significant decrease in near-distance disparity in this group of @entity1 with accommodative and partially accommodative @entity5971 and @entity346 excess, with a low rate of persistent overcorrection for distance.

title: Medial rectus muscle pulley posterior fixation sutures in accommodative and partially accommodative @entity5971 with XXXX excess.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['convergence']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['convergence']


abstract: The mechanism and treatment of hypertensive @entity712 are not well defined. We compared the effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( @entity21261 , 10 mg/kg), an angiotensin receptor blocker ( @entity1564 , 3 mg/kg), a @entity460 channel blocker ( @entity18818 , 1, 3 or 6 mg/kg), and the same @entity460 channel blocker combined with @entity3449 -angiotensin blockers on @entity712 in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) @entity35 . DS @entity35 were fed an 8% Na diet from 6 weeks of age and then subjected to the above drug treatments. @entity18818 (1 mg/kg), @entity21261 , and @entity1564 had compatible @entity551 effects and similar beneficial effects on @entity1283 , gene expression, and survival rate. The combination of @entity18818 with @entity21261 or @entity1564 was found to have no additional beneficial effects on the above parameters, with the exception of a reduction in atrial natriuretic polypeptide gene expression. On the other hand, @entity1564 normalized serum @entity1011 , but serum @entity1011 was unaffected by either @entity18818 at 1 or 3 mg/kg or @entity21261 . Further, the combined use of @entity18818 and either @entity1564 or @entity21261 resulted in an additional reduction of urinary albumin excretion in DS @entity35 . Thus @entity712 in DS @entity35 is mainly mediated by @entity101 , while @entity8 of DS @entity35 is due to both @entity101 and the AT1 receptor itself. These findings suggest that the combination of a @entity460 channel blocker with an AT1 receptor blocker or @entity1811 inhibitor may be more effective in treating the @entity8 associated with @entity712 than monotherapy with either agent alone. However, further studies will be needed before reaching any definitive conclusion on the efficacy of this combination therapy in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: Combination treatment with a @entity460 channel blocker and an angiotensin blocker in a @entity35 XXXX model with @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['systolic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity21261 :: ('MESH:D017315', 'Chemical') :: ['cilazapril']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity18818 :: ('MESH:C061004', 'Chemical') :: ['Benidipine', 'benidipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['systolic heart failure']


abstract: Importance: @entity3389 ( @entity3389 ) that do not meet @entity410 criteria, also termed the ictal interictal continuum, are pervasive on electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings after @entity131 . However, their association with brain homeostasis and the need for clinical intervention remain unknown. Objective: To determine whether distinct @entity1726 patterns can be identified that, similar to electrographic @entity410 , cause brain tissue @entity519 , a measure of ongoing @entity1545 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : This prospective cohort study included 90 @entity772 @entity1 with high-grade spontaneous @entity510 who underwent continuous surface (scalp) EEG (sEEG) recording and multimodality monitoring, including invasive measurements of intracortical (depth) EEG (dEEG), partial pressure of @entity26 in interstitial brain tissue (Pbto2), and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). @entity1 data were collected from June 1, 2006, to September 1, 2014, at a single tertiary care center. The retrospective analysis was performed from September 1, 2014, to May 1, 2016, with a hypothesis that the effect on brain tissue oxygenation was primarily dependent on the discharge frequency. Main Outcomes and Measures: Electroencephalographic recordings were visually classified based on @entity1726 frequency and spatial distribution of discharges. Correlations between mean multimodality monitoring data and change-point analyses were performed to characterize electrophysiological changes by applying bootstrapping. Results: Of the 90 @entity1 included in the study (26 @entity1 and 64 @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 55 [15] years), 32 (36%) had @entity3389 on sEEG and dEEG recordings and 21 (23%) on dEEG recordings only. Frequencies of @entity3389 ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 Hz. Median Pbto2 was 23 mm Hg without @entity3389 compared with 16 mm Hg at 2.0 Hz and 14 mm Hg at 2.5 Hz (differences were significant for 0 vs 2.5 Hz based on bootstrapping). Change-point analysis confirmed a temporal association of high-frequency @entity1726 onset (>= 2.0 Hz) and Pbto2 reduction (median normalized Pbto2 decreased by 25% 5-10 minutes after onset). Increased regional CBF of 21.0 mL/100 g/min for 0 Hz, 25.9 mL/100 g/min for 1.0 Hz, 27.5 mL/100 g/min for 1.5 Hz, and 34.7 mL/100 g/min for 2.0 Hz and increased global cerebral perfusion pressure of 91 mm Hg for 0 Hz, 100.5 mm Hg for 0.5 Hz, 95.5 mm Hg for 1.0 Hz, 97.0 mm Hg for 2.0 Hz, 98.0 mm Hg for 2.5 Hz, 95.0 mm Hg for 2.5 Hz, and 67.8 mm Hg for 3.0 Hz were seen for higher @entity1726 frequencies. Conclusions and Relevance: These data give some support to consider redefining the continuum between @entity410 and @entity3389 , suggesting that additional damage after @entity131 may be reflected by frequency changes in electrocerebral recordings. Similar to @entity410 , cerebral blood flow increases in @entity1 with @entity3389 to compensate for the increased metabolic demand but higher-frequency @entity3389 (>2 per second) may be inadequately compensated without an additional rise in CBF and associated with brain tissue @entity519 , or higher-frequency @entity3389 may reflect inadequacies in brain compensatory mechanisms.

title: Electroencephalographic Periodic Discharges and Frequency-Dependent Brain Tissue @entity519 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute brain injury']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['PDs', 'Periodic discharges']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Acute Brain Injury']


abstract: Advanced @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ) is a rare and @entity146 . In @entity1 with advanced and unresected uterine @entity1822 , multidisciplinary therapy is the best treatment option, although no consensus exists on the efficacy of the treatment. The present study describes the case of a 41-year-old female who underwent laparotomy due to a large uterine @entity5 . Exploratory laparotomy revealed a large @entity5 that had extended from the pelvic wall to the outside of the pelvis and then invaded the colon. Large @entity41 remained present in the pelvis following suboptimal debulking surgery. Subsequent to surgery, the @entity1 was treated with adjuvant radiotherapy, followed by chemotherapy with regional whole pelvis @entity221 ( @entity221 ). Computed tomography revealed stable disease prior and subsequent to combination treatment. While treatment was being administered for third/fourth-degree burns and @entity39 , the @entity1 developed @entity881 and succumbed. The present case report describes the potential for using a combination of chemotherapy, @entity221 and radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1822 . The development of an effective protocol is required for the administration of chemotherapy, @entity221 and radiotherapy in @entity1 with advanced unresected @entity1822 .

title: Locally-advanced unresected XXXX with triple-modality treatment combining radiotherapy, chemotherapy and @entity221 : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['extremely aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous fatty necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma', 'LMS']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'HT']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: @entity2195 (C.A.H.) is an @entity74 which is often life threatening during the neonatal period prior to establishment of the diagnosis and instigation of appropriate treatment. In females the condition is usually detected at birth due to genital ambiguity. Unfortunately males or extremely virilized females often remain undetected until they suffer a potentially fatal @entity774 . Typically, a crisis occurs within the first couple of weeks of life and is preceded by a history of @entity11360 which may be misdiagnosed as resulting from pyloric stenosis. @entity455 and diminished consciousness ensue if @entity1887 remains undetected. Initial biochemical investigation of the shocked neonate with C.A.H. reveals severe hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia, which initially may be thought to be due to @entity177 . Hypoglycaemia may also be a feature. Initial resuscitation requires intravenous saline and @entity701 . Once physiologically stable, oral @entity230 are used to replace absent glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. The psychosocial impact of having a critically ill baby, with a relatively uncommon @entity74 , who requires lifelong treatment can be overwhelming for parents. There is an ongoing risk of @entity774 throughout the @entity1 's life during periods of physiological stress. Parents require education on the management of medication during normal childhood illnesses; the early indicators of crisis and instruction in injection technique. In addition to skilled technical nursing interventions for their baby, parents can benefit from accurate information and contact with the C.A.H. support group.

title: XXXX : a potential diagnosis for the neonate in shock.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular collapse']

entities_list: @entity11360 :: ('MESH:D005183', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive, lethargy and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder', 'genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity2195 :: ('OMIM:211750', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal crisis']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['Congenital adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: The World Health Organization's (WHO) Disability Assessment Scale II (WHO-DAS II) is a generic health-status instrument firmly grounded in the WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO-ICF). As such, it assesses functioning for six domains: communication, mobility, self-care, interpersonal, life activities, and participation. Domain scores aggregate to a total score. Because the WHO-DAS II contains questions relevant to hearing and communication, it has good face validity for use as an outcome measure for audiologic intervention. The purpose of the present study was to determine the psychometric properties of the WHO-DAS II on a sample of individuals with adult-onset @entity393 , including convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest stability. Convergent validity was established by examining correlations between the WHO-DAS II (domain and total scores) and the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) and the @entity13937 ( @entity13937 ), two disease-specific measures, as well as with the Short Form-36 for veterans (SF-36V), a second generic measure. Data on all four measures were collected from 380 older individuals with adult-onset @entity393 who were not hearing aid users. The results of the convergent validity analysis revealed that the WHODAS II communication domain score was moderately and significantly correlated with scores on the APHAB and the @entity13937 . WHO-DAS II interpersonal and participation domain scores and the total scores were also moderately and significantly correlated with @entity13937 scores. These findings support the validity of using the WHO-DAS II for assessing activity limitations and participation restrictions of adult-onset @entity393 . Several WHO-DAS II domain scores and the total score were also significantly and moderately-markedly correlated with scores from the SF-36V. These findings support the validity of the WHO-DAS II as a generic health-status instrument. Internal consistency reliability for all the domain scores was adequate for all but the interpersonal domain. Test-retest stability for all the domain scores was adequate. Critical difference values were calculated for use in clinical application of the WHO-DAS II. From these findings, we concluded that the WHO-DAS II communication, participation, and total scores can be used to examine the effects of adult-onset @entity393 on functional health status. Further work examining the utility of the WHO-DAS II as an outcome measure for hearing aid intervention is warranted.

title: The WHO-DAS II: psychometric properties in the measurement of functional health status in adults with acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity13937 :: ('MESH:C535295', 'Disease') :: ['Hearing Aid Handicap for the Elderly', 'HHIE']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) limit the effectiveness of radiation in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Debio 1143 (D1143) is an antagonist of IAPs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of D1143 as a radiosensitizer in @entity1149 . MTS assays were performed in two @entity1149 cell lines: HCC193 and @entity1 . Extent of apoptotic cell death was characterized by @entity4404 assay and Western blot for cleaved caspase-3, -8, and IAPs. @entity310 release was determined by ELISA. Radiosensitivities were compared with dose enhancement ratios (DERs). HCC193 cells D1143 IC50 was 1  M. HCC193 cells demonstrated noticeable cleaved caspase-3, -8, and a decrease in @entity6307 levels with 2.5  M D1143; @entity1 cells, with 10  M; both in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, HCC193 cells exhibited an increase in @entity310 . D1143 radiosensitized cells: HCC193, 2.5  M D1143, 24 h incubation, DER of 2.19, p = 0.001; @entity1 cells, 10  M D1143, 48 h incubation, DER of 1.29, p = 0.082. Treatment of @entity1 cells with radiation therapy, @entity310 , and D1143 further radiosensitized the cells (DER of 1.92, p = 0.026). D1143 significantly enhanced the radiosensitization of HCC193 and @entity1 cells in vitro. @entity310 contributed to the sensitization in the more sensitive cell line (HCC193). More research is warranted to test the mechanism of D1143, and to assess its potential in vivo in the clinical setting.

title: Debio 1143, an antagonist of multiple inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins, activates apoptosis and enhances radiosensitization of XXXX cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection has been the standard treatment for early stage multiple primary @entity2 (MPLC). However, a significant proportion of @entity1 with MPLC cannot undergo surgery. For this report, the authors explored the role of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for @entity1 with MPLC. METHODS: @entity1 with MPLC who received SABR (50 grays [Gy] in 4 fractions or 70 Gy in 10 fractions) for the second @entity5 were reviewed. Four-dimensional, computed tomography-based, planning/volumetric image-guided treatment was used for all @entity1 . Treatment outcomes/ @entity137 were analyzed. RESULTS: For the 101 @entity1 who received SABR, at a median follow-up of 36 months and with a median overall survival (OS) of 46 months, the 2-year and 4-year in-field local control rates were 97.4% and 95.7%, respectively. The 2-year and 4-year OS rates were 73.2% and 47.5%, respectively; and the progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 67% and 58%, respectively. @entity1 who had @entity5 had better OS and PFS than @entity1 who had @entity5 (2-year OS: 80.6% metachronous vs 61.5% synchronous; 4-year OS: 52.7% vs 39.7%, respectively; P =   .047; 2-year PFS: 84.7% vs 49.4%, respectively; 4-year PFS: 75.6% vs 30.4%, respectively; P =   .0001). For @entity1 who either underwent surgery or received SABR for an index @entity5 , the incidence of grade >=  3 radiation @entity55 was 3% (2 of 71 @entity1 ); however, this increased to 17% (5 of 30 @entity1 ) for those who received conventional radiotherapy for an index @entity5 . Other grade >=  3 @entity137 included grade 3 chest wall @entity158 (3 of 101 @entity1 ; 3%) and grade 3 @entity137 (1 of 101 @entity1 ; 1%). CONCLUSIONS: SABR achieves promising long-term @entity5 control and survival and may be a potential curative treatment for early stage MPLC.

title: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy: a potentially curable approach to early stage multiple primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous tumors', 'tumor', 'metachronous tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: We report an extremely unusual case of @entity2013 which emerged at recurrence as a null cell @entity652 . A 53-year-old @entity1 sought medical attention for progressive @entity227 and @entity10 . A @entity5 was detected by a computed tomographic scan, and @entity4089 was noted. The @entity5 , removed by a transfrontal surgery, was a chromophobe @entity652 , and immunohistochemically the @entity652 cells were selectively positive for @entity4090 , which indicated a @entity2013 . Postoperatively, her plasma @entity4090 level was normalized. Seven years later, she noted blurred vision and again sought medical attention. A CT scan demonstrated recurrence of a @entity5 . On this occasion, however, she was not hyperprolactinemic. She underwent again a transfrontal resection of the @entity5 . Its histology was again a chromophobe @entity652 , but the @entity652 cells showed no positive immunostaining for any anterior pituitary hormone including @entity4090 , which indicated a null cell @entity652 . We have no clear explanation of the pathogenesis underlying her very unusual course. However, null cells (assuming that the original @entity5 was a mixed @entity652 ) left behind at the first surgery, or unidentified @entity1640 and/or pituitary derangements might possibly have been responsible for the recurrence. We learned from this @entity1 that recurrent @entity977 may not necessarily have the same endocrine features as did the original @entity5 . This information appears to make a valid clinical point, because if hormone levels alone are followed after pituitary surgery, recurrent @entity5 may be overlooked.

title: A null cell XXXX detected seven years after removal of a @entity2013 . Recurrence or de novo tumourigenesis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumours', 'tumours', 'pituitary tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['adenoma of the pituitary']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of the most frequently observed @entity716 -like symptoms in adults consulting general practitioners and to describe their principal characteristics and management. METHODS: Observational epidemiologic survey of 1200 randomly selected general practitioners, distributed throughout France. The symptoms considered were those modified from the BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale). During the two-week survey, practitioners recorded the total number of @entity1 and adults consulting them and the number with @entity716 -like symptoms. They described the characteristics and management of the first three adults with these symptoms (chronological selection). RESULTS: The mean rate of adults with @entity716 -like symptoms was 4.9 +/- 8.1% (95% confidence interval: 4.4, 5.4%) during the 12 618 consultation days assessed. The mean age of these @entity1 was 52 years, with equal numbers of @entity1 and @entity1 . At the consultation, 18.6% were disabled or on short-term sick-leave from work because of the @entity146 ; 35.3% of the @entity1 had no known history of @entity146 . Nearly all these @entity1 (95.2%) had more than one @entity716 -like symptom. The principal such symptoms were: "changes in behavior, presentation, or interpersonal relations" (62.0%), "bizarre behavior" (48.2%), " @entity308 " and " @entity148 " (49.7 and 42.2%), "unusual thought content" or "conceptual disorganization" (29.3 and 26.9%). Most @entity1 received outpatient pharmaceutical management. CONCLUSION: We observed a greater frequency of @entity716 -like symptoms in adults consulting general practitioners than expected.

title: [Frequency of XXXX -like symptoms among adults consulting general practitioners].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: THE PURPOSE: of this study was to look for effects of attachment styles for emotional reacting with @entity308 in 117 @entity2 @entity1 awaiting surgery and in 112 healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All subjects were classified according to their attachment style (secure, avoidant, ambivalent) assessed by means of the instrument based on Hazan and Shaver's (1987) descriptions of how @entity1 typically feel in close relationships. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure @entity308 . Clinical group differed neither in age t(227)=0,32 p>0,7 (mean for controls 58,59; mean for clinicals 58,97) nor in sex chi2 (1)= 0,248 p>0,6 (29 females in clinicals and 31 in controls; 88 males in clinicals and 81 in controls). The groups did not differ in education years t(225)=0,947 p>0,3. The groups did not differ in the attachment styles chi2 (2)= 4,20 p>0,7. Manova variance analysis revealed significant main effect of group factor F(1,217)= 60,5 p< 0,005, higher @entity308 in @entity5 @entity1 (mean= 15,37) than in controls (mean 6,50); significant main effect of attachment style factor F(1,217) = 7,14 p< 0,002, higher @entity308 in the anxious-ambivalent subjects (mean= 13,65) than in the secure ones (mean= 8,15); significant interaction between two factors F(1,217)= 5,23 p< 0,007, higher @entity308 in the attachment styles in @entity2 @entity1 (secure 10,76; avoidant 14,27; ambivalent 21,04) than in controls (secure 5,5; avoidant 7,75; ambivalent 6,27). Correlational analysis indicated that the secure style is favourable for weaker @entity308 of @entity1 (Pearson's r= -0,27 p< 0,01), but the anxious-ambiwalent style for stronger @entity308 (Pearson's r= 0,43 p< 0,01). The avoidant style did not correlate significantly with @entity308 neither in healthy (Pearson's r= 0,07 p> 0,1) nor affected by the disease subjects (Pearson's r= 0,01 p> 0,1). CONCLUSIONS: the secure or the avoidant style may protect @entity2 subjects before operation from excessive reacting with @entity308 but the anxious-ambivalent style may be a risk factor for maladaptive emotional reacting with @entity308 .

title: [Depression evaluation in XXXX @entity1 and in healthy subjects in dependence on their attachment styles].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of experienced stigma on depth of multidimensional poverty of @entity1 with severe @entity1032 (PSMI) in Delhi, India, controlling for gender, age and caste. DESIGN: Matching case (hospital)-control (population) study. SETTING: University Hospital (cases) and National Capital Region (controls), India. @entity1 : A case-control study was conducted from November 2011 to June 2012. 647 cases diagnosed with @entity161 or @entity1316 were recruited and 647 individuals of same age, sex and location of residence were matched as controls at a ratio of 1:2:1. Individuals who refused consent or provided incomplete interview were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Higher risk of poverty due to stigma among PSMI. RESULTS: 38.5% of PSMI compared with 22.2% of controls were found poor on six dimensions or more. The difference in multidimensional poverty index was 69% between groups with employment and income of the main contributors. Multidimensional poverty was strongly associated with stigma (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.27 to 5.31), scheduled castes/scheduled tribes/other backward castes (2.39, 1.39 to 4.08), @entity1032 (2.07, 1.25 to 3.41) and female gender (1.87, 1.36 to 2.58). A significant interaction between stigma, @entity1032 and gender or caste indicates female PSMI or PSMI from 'lower castes' were more likely to be poor due to stigma than male controls (p<0.001) or controls from other castes (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Public stigma and multidimensional poverty linked to SMI are pervasive and intertwined. In particular for low caste and @entity1 , it is a strong predictor of poverty. Exclusion from employment linked to negative attitudes and lack of income are the highest contributors to multidimensional poverty, increasing the burden for the family. Mental health professionals need to be aware of and address these issues.

title: XXXX , poverty and stigma in India: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Mental illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a need to expand clinical pharmacy services to cover the ambulatory pediatric @entity5 @entity1 . There is a paucity of published literature describing pharmacy services in this setting. OBJECTIVE: To describe the development, implementation and the reported interventions of a clinical pharmacy service in the outpatient pediatric hematology-oncology clinics at a comprehensive @entity5 center in Jordan. METHODS: A stepwise approach was followed to develop and implement the described service. Four goals were set for the service comprising (1) ensure safe medication use (2) improve @entity1 and caregiver education (3) enhance efficiency in medication distribution (4) facilitate the continuity of care across the inpatient and outpatient settings. The interventions collected were categorized into four major classes: clarification, safety, therapeutic and education. RESULTS: A total of 939 interventions were reported. Safety interventions were the highest with 500 (53%), followed by education 247 (26%), clarification 113 (12%) and therapeutic 79 (9%). The most common single interventions were @entity1 counseling 247 (26%) and chemotherapy evaluation 229 (24%). Less frequent interventions were drug interactions and adverse drug reactions with 10 (1%) each. CONCLUSION: Developing pediatric hematology-oncology clinical pharmacy services to cover the outpatient setting is essential to ensure continuity of care and to optimize therapeutics.

title: Clinical pharmacy services in the outpatient pediatric oncology clinics at a comprehensive XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Weaning weight records of 44,357 Australian Angus @entity291 produced by 1,020 sires in 90 herds were used to evaluate the importance of sire x herd interactions. Models fitted fixed effects of contemporary group (herd-year-date of weighing subclass), sex, @entity291 age, and dam age and random effects of sire or of sire and sire x herd interaction using REML. Effects of standardizing the data, including sire relationships and including dam maternal breeding values ( @entity5685 ) as a covariate were also investigated. Sire x herd interactions were found (P less than .05) in all cases and, in the most complete model, accounted for 3.3% of phenotypic variance. Across-herd heritabilities ranged from .19 to .28. Differential nonrandom mating among herds seemed to occur in the data. Significant sire x herd effects were observed for dam @entity5685 , and adjustment for dam @entity5685 yielded the smallest estimates of interaction variance and across-herd heritability. If sire x herd interactions were due only to genotype x environment interaction, within-herd heritabilities would range from .33 to .49. These estimates are larger than previously reported estimates. Thus, unreported environmental effects common to progeny of individual sires may also be involved in the observed interaction but could not be disentangled from true genotype x environment interaction effects using these data. Results of these analyses suggest that some accommodation of sire x herd interaction effects on weaning weight may be needed in beef @entity291 genetic evaluations, but a compelling case for development of herd-specific breeding value prediction cannot be made.

title: Sire x herd interactions for weaning weight in beef XXXX .

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle', 'calves', 'calf']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) continuous infusion combined @entity3925 on the deep vein @entity715 in @entity1 undergoing major orthopedic surgery. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 undergoing major orthopedic surgery were randomly divided into three groups:ulinastatin continuous infusion (Uc) group, ulinastatin single injection (Us) group and control (C) group. All @entity1 received @entity1 -controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after operation, and took @entity3925 10 mg orally 12 hours after operation. Ulinastatin (5 000 U/kg) was given intravenously to both Uc and Us groups preoperatively. Group C was given isometric normal saline, group Uc was pumped UTI continuous intravenously at the end of surgery (10 000 U/kg) to 48 hours through PCIA pump. The values of hematocrit (HCT), @entity9820 (TM), Interleukin ( @entity650 ), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-Dimer (D-D) were normally tested before surgery (T1), at the end of the surgery (T2), 12 hours (T3), 24 hours (T4) and 48 hours (T5) after surgery. RESULTS: Compared with T1, there was an upward tendency in TM, @entity650 , TAT, and D-D after operation in group C group (P<0.05). The values of them were significantly increased from nearly 24-hour after surgery in Us group (P<0.05). In group Uc, there were no significant changes in these indices after operation (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During the perioperative period, ulinastatin continuous infusion combined @entity3925 can correct @entity1503 through different approaches in @entity1 undergoing major orthopedic surgery.

title: Effect of ulinastatin combined XXXX on deep vein @entity715 in major orthopedic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3925 :: (MESH:C503223,Chemical) :: ['rivaroxaban']


abstract: The relation of electrophysiologic effects of @entity2643 to long-term outcome was studied in 35 @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). Indications for electrophysiologic studies were: @entity1167 (n = 3), @entity1163 /presyncope (n = 27) and asymptomatic @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) (n = 5). Twenty-eight @entity1 (80%) had @entity1165 , 3 (9%) @entity591 and 3 (9%) paroxysmal @entity955 during 24-hour Holter monitoring. The studies were repeated after a total @entity2643 dose of 58 +/- 122 g and during a maintenance median daily dose of 400 mg. @entity2643 abolished paroxysmal @entity943 in all 6 @entity1 . However, it caused marked atrioventricular nodal conduction abnormality in 3 @entity1 and @entity616 or marked @entity1162 (to greater than or equal to 100 ms) in 4 @entity1 . @entity1165 was induced in 26 @entity1 (74%) at baseline study and in 23 @entity1 (66%) taking @entity2643 therapy. With @entity2643 , @entity1165 was no longer inducible or was more difficult to induce in 11 @entity1 (31%), and the drug abolished @entity1165 during Holter monitoring in all @entity1 . However, @entity1165 was easier to induce with @entity2643 or was induced only with @entity2643 in 18 (51%) @entity1 . @entity2643 significantly slowed the rate of induced @entity1165 (from 248 +/- 29 to 214 +/- 37 beats/min, p less than 0.001). This was associated with a change in its morphology from polymorphic to monomorphic @entity1165 in 7 @entity1 . During a follow up of 18 +/- 14 months (range 2 to 56), @entity2643 was discontinued because of adverse effects in 8 @entity1 (23%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Value of electrophysiologic studies in XXXX treated with @entity2643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Sustained VT', 'VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['HV interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: We studied the effects of intravenous @entity561 on disease activity in 36 @entity1 with active @entity4261 . @entity561 was administered to 3 groups of 12 @entity1 at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg intravenously daily for 5 consecutive days. The @entity1 were matched for disease activity. Symptomatic improvement was seen in at least 10 @entity1 in each treatment group. @entity561 induced a dose-dependent suppression of biochemical indices of bone turnover in all @entity1 . A significant reduction in the mean fasting urinary excretion of @entity720 occurred within 2 days of starting treatment, reaching a nadir at 2-4 weeks, which was most marked in @entity1 receiving 10 mg of @entity561 (p < 0.05). There was a slower fall in serum alkaline phosphatase activity with maximal suppression occurring 3 months after the start of treatment. The degree of suppression was least for those receiving 2.5 mg of @entity561 (p < 0.05) but no difference in response was observed for the other dosages. The duration of response was also dose-related. A significant fall in the serum @entity460 and urinary excretion of @entity460 occurred from the second day of treatment but returned to pretreatment values by 4 months. A transient fall in the mean lymphocyte count was observed, which was similar for each group. This was associated with a short-lived fever in 3 @entity1 receiving 10 mg, in 4 @entity1 receiving 5 mg, and in 2 @entity1 receiving 2.5 mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of intravenous XXXX in @entity4261 .

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate', 'Alendronate']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease of bone"]

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity561 :: (MESH:D019386,Chemical) :: ['alendronate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine the diagnostic utility of the time to onset of early (Ea) diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus by @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) in comparison with the time to onset of mitral inflow (T(Ea-E)) for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) relaxation. BACKGROUND: Tissue Doppler imaging of the mitral annulus provides useful information about myocardial function. So far, studies have focused on the measurement of peak Ea, but have not evaluated the diagnostic utility of the time to onset of Ea. METHODS: Simultaneous left heart catheterization and Doppler echocardiography (DE) were performed in 10 @entity235 . Left atrial pressures and LV volumes and pressures were measured before and after constriction of the circumflex (cx) coronary artery. The delay in Ea was next examined in 60 consecutive @entity1 , undergoing simultaneous right heart catheterization and DE. Furthermore, (T(Ea-E)) was used to predict filling pressures in a prospective group of 33 @entity1 . RESULTS: In @entity235 studies, significant prolongation in the time interval (T(Ea-E)) was noted after cx constriction, which had a significant relation with tau (tau) (r = 0.93, p < 0.01). In @entity1 studies, Ea was significantly delayed in @entity1 with impaired relaxation and pseudonormal LV filling in comparison with age-matched controls. In the prospective group, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) derived as: PCWP(Doppler) = LV(end-systolic pressure) x e(-IVRT/(T(Ea-E))), where IVRT is isovolumetric relaxation time; PCWP(Doppler) related well to PCWP(catheter) (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: T(Ea-E) is a useful novel index of LV relaxation. It can be used to identify @entity1 with @entity67 and predict PCWP.

title: Time interval between onset of mitral inflow and onset of early diastolic velocity by XXXX : a novel index of left ventricular relaxation: experimental studies and clinical application.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue Doppler', 'TD']

answer: @entity3145 :: (MESH:D017695,Disease) :: ['tissue Doppler']


abstract: Therapeutic options for @entity715 ( @entity715 ) include anticoagulation, thrombolysis, endovascular repair, and direct surgical intervention. The most effective method of treatment remains undetermined. We reviewed our institutional experience over 7 years with @entity715 @entity1 to compare the results of treatment based on etiology of @entity715 . Nineteen @entity1 suffered @entity715 secondary to malignancy, catheter placement, radiation, or @entity49 . Thirteen were Paget-Schroetter ( @entity28559 ), or primary effort-related @entity715 . @entity1 with dialysis access procedures were excluded. Thrombolysis was initiated in 31/32 @entity1 . Success was defined as complete obliteration of clot. Adjunctive treatment to relieve external compression or improve lumenal contour was performed on 16/32 @entity1 (eight @entity28559 , eight secondary @entity715 ). Success of adjunctive treatment was defined as return to baseline activity without symptoms. Objective follow up (venography or duplex scanning) was included when available. Adjunctive treatment included @entity661 (6), stent placement (5), first rib resection and scalenectomy (4), and vein reconstruction (4). Initial treatment success with thrombolysis was achieved in 26/31 @entity1 (84%). Angioplasty failed in three @entity28559 and three secondary @entity715 @entity1 . Stent placement was successful in 2/5 @entity1 (both secondary @entity715 ). Surgery was performed only on @entity28559 @entity1 : first rib resection and scalenectomy succeeded 4/4 times, vein reconstruction 2/4. Twenty-eight @entity1 were given long-term therapy with oral anticoagulation with good long-term results. Seven @entity1 experienced complications, including one @entity204 . Results of @entity715 therapy including thrombolysis and oral anticoagulation are very good. Angioplasty and stent placement in secondary @entity715 @entity1 appears to add little long term benefit. Surgery may improve outcome in selected @entity28559 @entity1 , although the additional benefit could not be determined by the design of this study. Evaluation and treatment limited only to @entity28559 excludes the majority of @entity715 @entity1 .

title: XXXX : outcome analysis based on etiology and modality of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian vein thrombosis', 'thrombosis', 'SVT']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Subclavian vein thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Obesity and a reduced physical activity are global developments. Physical activity affects the external skeletal robustness which decreased in German @entity1 . It was assumed that the negative trend of decreased external skeletal robustness can be found in other countries. Therefore anthropometric data of Russian and German @entity1 from the years 2000 and 2010 were compared. METHODS: Russian (2000/2010 n=1023/268) and German (2000/2010 n=2103/1750) @entity1 aged 6-10 years were investigated. Height, @entity853 (Frame-Index) were examined and compared for the years and the countries. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney-Test. RESULTS: Comparison 2010 and 2000: In Russian @entity1 BMI was significantly higher; @entity1 were significantly taller and exhibited a decreased Frame-Index (p=.002) in 2010. German @entity1 showed significantly higher BMI in 2010. In both sexes Frame-Index (p=.001) was reduced in 2010. Comparison Russian and German @entity1 in 2000: BMI, height and Frame-Index were different between Russian and German @entity1 . German @entity1 were significantly taller but exhibited a lower Frame-Index (p<.001). Even German @entity1 showed a significantly higher BMI. Comparison Russian and German @entity1 in 2010: BMI and Frame-Index were different. Russian @entity1 displayed a higher Frame-Index (p<.001) compared with Germans. CONCLUSIONS: In Russian @entity1 BMI has increased in recent years. Frame-Index is still higher in Russian @entity1 compared with Germans however in Russian @entity1 Frame-Index is reduced. This trend and the physical activity should be observed in the future.

title: XXXX in schoolchildren--a global trend? Ten year comparison of Russian and German data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'girls', 'children']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['BMI and external skeletal robustness']

answer: @entity853 :: (MESH:D009139,Disease) :: ['Decreased external skeletal robustness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a large cohort of @entity1 who had @entity662 following @entity2072 use, and to determine the incidence of and clinical characteristics predictive for @entity583 in this group of @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study of consecutive @entity1 with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 was conducted in six municipal hospital @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Demographic variables, @entity734 patterns, medical histories, @entity662 characteristics, ECG results, and laboratory data were recorded. @entity583 was the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Fourteen of 246 @entity1 (5.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-8.7%) had @entity583 , as diagnosed by elevated CK-MB isoenzyme levels. There were two deaths (0.8%). The @entity1 had a median age of 33 years. The majority were male (71.5%), non-white (83.3%), cigarette smokers (83.3%) who used @entity2072 regularly. @entity662 began a median of 60 minutes after @entity2072 use and persisted for a median of 120 minutes. @entity662 was most frequently described as substernal (71.3%) and pressure-like (46.7%). @entity1353 (59.3%) and diaphoresis (38.6%) were common. There was no clinical difference between @entity1 who had @entity583 and those who did not. Twelve @entity1 had @entity943 and four had @entity712 . All cases requiring intervention were evident upon presentation. An ECG revealing @entity63 or @entity1188 had a sensitivity of 35.7% for predicting a @entity583 . The specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the ECGs were 89.9%, 17.9%, and 95.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity583 in @entity1 who have @entity2072 -associated @entity662 is not uncommon. No clinical parameter available to the physician can adequately identify @entity1 at very low risk for @entity583 . Therefore, all @entity1 with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 should be evaluated for @entity583 .

title: Prospective multicenter evaluation of XXXX -associated @entity662 . @entity2072 Associated @entity662 (COCHPA) Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: Aromatase is a key enzyme in the conversion of @entity2671 and @entity251 to @entity7042 and @entity53 . Intratumoral aromatase activity is expressed by around 70% of @entity0 , but it is not clear what effect this has on the @entity5 phenotype. To address this question we expressed @entity1 aromatase in hormone-dependent MCF-7 @entity0 cells. Clone @entity31951 . 1 expressed aromatase at 1,000 times the endogenous level in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) cells. Clone @entity31951 . 2 incorporated the expression construct but did not express aromatase at levels above @entity164 . There was no morphological difference between the two clones and @entity164 , all three cell lines expressed @entity2931 receptor at equivalent levels, and all manifested a mitogenic response to @entity53 . In steroid-depleted medium @entity31951 . 1 cells showed significant growth enhancement over @entity164 and @entity31951 . 2, and this growth advantage was increased by exogenous @entity2671 or @entity251 . Both the enzyme activity and @entity342 -stimulated growth of @entity31951 . 1 cells were completely reversible by aromatase inhibitor @entity2628 . The @entity31951 . 1 cell line may contribute to the development of an in vivo model of intratumoral aromatase, to study the biological significance of this phenomenon.

title: Biological effects of stable overexpression of aromatase in @entity1 hormone-dependent XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity7042 :: ('CHEBI:17263', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Contrast agents that specifically enhance @entity5 on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will allow earlier detection. @entity5336 -based chelates (VCs) selectively enhance rodent @entity5 on MRI, suggesting selective uptake of VCs by @entity5 . Here we report x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) of VC uptake by @entity19 @entity694 . @entity694 in @entity19 treated with @entity2985 /dextran sulfate @entity1372 were identified by MRI. Then a @entity2287 -based contrast agent and a VC were injected intravenously; @entity19 were sacrificed and colons sectioned. VC distribution was sampled at 120 minutes after injection to evaluate the long-term accumulation. @entity2287 distribution was sampled at 10 minutes after injection due to its rapid washout. XFM was performed on 72 regions of normal and cancerous colon from five normal @entity19 and four @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . XFM showed that all @entity2287 was extracellular, with similar concentrations in @entity694 and normal colon. In contrast, the average VC concentration was twofold higher in @entity5 versus normal tissue (p < .002). @entity5 also contained numerous "hot spots" with intracellular VC concentrations sixfold higher than the concentration in normal colon (p < .0001). No hot spots were detected in normal colon. This is the first direct demonstration that VCs selectively accumulate in @entity5 cells and thus may improve @entity5 detection.

title: X-ray fluorescence microscopy demonstrates preferential accumulation of a XXXX -based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent in @entity19 @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2985 :: ('MESH:D001397', 'Chemical') :: ['azoxymethane']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic tumors', 'colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity5336 :: ('MESH:D014639', 'Chemical') :: ['Vanadium']

answer: @entity5336 :: (MESH:D014639,Chemical) :: ['vanadium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy has gained popularity throughout the world recently. The more centers became experienced the more this technique began to be used, even in extreme cases. Kidneys with @entity8 are one of the difficult cases for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. @entity1 AND METHOD: Thirty living laparoscopic donor nephrectomies have been performed between January 2001 and December 2002. Twenty-three of them had single and seven kidneys had @entity8 . Single (SA) and multiple (MA) artery groups were statistically similar in terms of donor age, rate of received right kidneys and serum @entity1011 clearance of the donors. RESULTS: The mean duration of the donor surgery was 225 min and 240 min in SA and MA groups. In the SA and MA groups, the mean warm and cold @entity63 times were statistically similar. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was converted to open procedure in five and one donors, in the SA and MA artery groups, respectively. @entity954 (single artery: 4, multiple arteries: 1) was the most common cause for conversion. @entity260 were seen in four and one @entity1 , in the SA and MA groups, respectively. Lengths of hospital stay of the donors were similar in both groups. Serum @entity1011 levels of the @entity1 on seventh, 30th, 90th days, and 1 year were found to be statistically similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy was found to be a safe procedure in the donors with @entity8 by the experienced surgical teams, as much as in donors with single arteries.

title: XXXX in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['multiple renal arteries']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative urinary complications']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Multiple renal arteries']


abstract: The relationship between cerebrovascular @entity439 and @entity731 remains unclear. Elevated serum levels of lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]), are an independent risk factor for @entity731 . We measured serum Lp(a) levels in 50 @entity1 who had angiographically proven saccular @entity439 and who were free of clinically significant @entity66 (as judged by their medical histories and the results of physical examination, electrocardiography, and carotid angiography). The Lp(a) serum levels in these @entity1 were compared with the Lp(a) serum levels in a group of 42 normal healthy controls. Serum Lp(a) levels in the @entity1 was 20.1 +/- 0.42 mg/dl (median +/- standard error); however, median serum Lp(a) in the control subjects was 10.8 +/- 0.47 mg/dl (P < 0.01). Among females, the difference in serum Lp(a) levels was significant; the levels were 22.2 +/- 0.6 for female @entity1 (n = 29) and 9.5 +/- 0.53 in female control subjects (n = 26) (P < 0.005). The most significant difference (P < 0.002) was seen in females < 50 years old (14 @entity1 , 10 control subjects). No significant differences were seen in the Lp(a) serum levels between 21 male @entity1 and 16 male control subjects. Lp(a) levels above the threshold level (30 mg/dl) were found in 20 @entity1 and 7 control subjects (chi 2 = 5.99, P < 0.02); 12 female @entity1 and 3 female control subjects (chi 2 = 6.16, P < 0.02; 8 male @entity1 and 4 male control subjects (this difference was not significant). These results indicate either that cerebrovascular @entity439 and subclinical @entity731 are related or that Lp(a) is a risk factor for vasculopathies other than @entity1856 .

title: Elevated levels of lipoprotein (a) in association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular saccular aneurysmal disease']


abstract: A case of @entity1911 associated with @entity1264 is reported. A 53-year-old @entity1 consulted the Department of Dermatology of our hospital because of Dermatoptosis in the breast and abdomen. He asked to resect of the mass. Blood bio chemistry findings were almost within normal limits but only @entity2661 in serum and urine were remarkably higher. With a result of other detailed examinations, he was diagnosed as @entity1911 . He was referred to our clinic. Laparotomy was carried out under the strict monitoring of the circulation. We diagnosed his clinical status to non-hypertensive type. The @entity5 was 2.5 x 1.7 x 1.7 cm in size and weighed 10 g. After operation, serum and urine @entity2661 returned to all within normal limits. a operation for the dermatoptosis was performed afterwards at the Department of Dermatology.

title: [A case of @entity1911 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1264 :: (MESH:D009456,Disease) :: ['von Recklinghausen's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2617 of the skin is a rare and benign disorder. Its clinical course is cyclic with remissions and exacerbations. In this disease, photosensitivity was previously noticed by authors and recently demonstrated. We report four new cases with positive photobiological investigation. CASE REPORTS: Four @entity1 (2 males, 2 females), with a mean age 36 years were seen with erythematous papules or discoid plaques on face, arms and upper trunk. The onset of disease occurred after sun exposure in summer. Skin biopsies showed perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis. All @entity1 relapsed cyclically with incomplete healing during winter. Photobiological investigation elicited @entity272 in a broad spectrum of UV: UVB (2 cases), UVA (1 case), UVA and UVB (1 case). In all @entity1 treatment with oral antimalarials and external photoprotection was effective. DISCUSSION: Our data suggest that photosensitivity history in @entity1 with @entity2617 of the skin should be searched for, and confirmed by provocative phototesting. This relevant event could guide the therapeutic strategy because antimalarials were effective for the @entity2617 cases with photosensitivity.

title: [Positive photobiological investigation in XXXX of the skin].

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ["Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration"]

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity2617 :: (MESH:D017254,Disease) :: ['Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Postmenopausal decreases in body composition, physical performance, and bone mass have been shown to be reversed by @entity172 , but given the concerns regarding its use, @entity1 are looking for alternatives such as soy @entity6400 . Most studies on the effects of soy on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in postmenopausal @entity1 have been short-term, that is, 3 to 6 months, and failed to provide conclusive evidence. There is no evidence of its effects on physical performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of soy plus @entity6400 on @entity79 and physical performance in postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: This was a 2-year randomized controlled trial. A total of 203 healthy postmenopausal @entity1 were given either 25 g of soy protein without @entity6400 , 25 g of soy protein with 90 mg of @entity6400 , or 25 g of milk protein (casein and whey) as a control agent for 24 months. @entity1 were followed every 6 months with @entity79 and physical performance measurements for 2 years. Primary analysis was intent-to-treat analysis. Analysis of variance, chi and Fisher's exact tests, and analysis of covariance were used. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the @entity79 of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in those who completed the study in all groups. Soy @entity6400 prevented major @entity604 from baseline at the femoral trochanter with no between-group significance. Physical performance measurements decreased in all the groups. CONCLUSIONS: : Twenty-five grams of soy protein with 90 mg of @entity6400 has no added benefit in preventing @entity604 or improving physical performance.

title: Effects of soy protein isolate on @entity79 and physical performance indices in postmenopausal XXXX --a 2-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and compute the minimum detectable change using sonographic scales to quantify the extent of pathology and hyperaemia in the common extensor tendon in @entity1 with @entity2633 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The lateral elbows of 19 @entity1 with @entity2633 were assessed sonographically twice, 1-2  weeks apart. Greyscale and power Doppler images were recorded for subsequent rating of abnormalities. Tendon thickening, hypoechogenicity, fibrillar disruption and @entity730 were each rated on four-point scales, and scores were summed to provide an overall rating of @entity2526 ; hyperaemia was scored on a five point scale. Inter-rater reliability was established using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to compare scores assigned independently to the same set of images by a radiologist and a physiotherapist with training in musculoskeletal imaging. Test-retest reliability was assessed by comparing scores assigned by the physiotherapist to images recorded at the two sessions. The minimum detectable change (MDC) was calculated from the test-retest reliability data. RESULTS: ICC values for inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.35 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.60) for fibrillar disruption to 0.77 (0.55, 0.88) for overall greyscale score, and 0.89 (0.79, 0.95) for hyperaemia. Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.70 (0.48, 0.84) for tendon thickening to 0.82 (0.66, 0.90) for overall greyscale score and 0.86 (0.73, 0.93) for @entity730 . The MDC for the greyscale total score was 2.0/12 and for the hyperaemia score was 1.1/5. CONCLUSION: The sonographic scoring system used in this study may be used reliably to quantify @entity427 and change over time. A relatively inexperienced imager can conduct the assessment and use the rating scales reliably.

title: Reliability of sonographic assessment of tendinopathy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormality']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['tennis elbow']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['tendon abnormalities']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['tennis elbow']


abstract: Increasing doses of the injectable anesthetics @entity4671 , @entity28191 , thiopental, @entity3652 , and @entity4763 and the vehicles saline and @entity2771 were administered to @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 . Their effects in vivo on perforant pathway-evoked field excitatory post-synaptic potentials and population spikes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were determined. The primary purpose was to ascertain whether these compounds affect hippocampal excitability in a manner consistent with their proposed mechanisms of action. Compared with their respective vehicles, thiopental, @entity4671 , and @entity4763 reduced the amplitude of population spikes to single perforant pathway stimulation by 20-30% at the highest doses tested. @entity4763 also increased the latency to onset of the population spike. No other effects were observed. Using paired pulse paradigms, it was determined that @entity4671 produced a dramatic, prolonged reduction in granule cell excitability at interpulse intervals of 10-100 ms. The magnitude of the effect was dose related and was reversible with the discontinuance of administration of the drug. Similar changes occurred with @entity28191 (althesin) and thiopental. @entity3652 produced a small but significant @entity308 in granule cell excitability during intervals of 10-200 ms. @entity4763 had no effect. These data corroborate the importance of a prolongation of @entity1246 A-mediated inhibition to the mechanism of actions of @entity4671 , thiopental, and @entity28191 at relevant exposure concentrations in vivo.

title: Modification of XXXX -mediated inhibition by various injectable anesthetics.

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine', 'Xylazine']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an emphasis over the last several years to identify and treat @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and its complications as they evolve rather than waiting until the @entity1 reaches @entity454 ( @entity454 ), also known as @entity740 stage 5. The number of @entity1 who will be identified and prescribed therapies for complications such as @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ) is greater than initially proposed. OBJECTIVE: To review the pathways, complications, management, and estimated treatment costs of @entity740 -related @entity3528 . METHODS: An electronic literature search of MEDLINE (January 1980 through January 2007) was conducted for English-language publications using the base search term @entity3528 . To refine subsequent searches, the authors added Boolean operators to the following secondary and tertiary search terms: @entity461 , @entity740 , @entity8 , @entity455 , @entity65 , @entity560 , @entity560 analogs, @entity2741 , @entity2265 , calcimimetics, costs, prevalence, and economics. RESULTS: The initial MEDLINE search produced 278 relevant articles. After refining the search terms, the authors triaged the results for English-language publications relevant to the discussion of @entity3528 and its complications in @entity740 , eliminating 149 publications. The remaining 129 publications were accepted for review. These articles represent a growing body of primarily observational evidence that demonstrates that elevated intact @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels cause deleterious physiological results across a variety of organ systems, including the @entity65 . Specific complications associated with @entity3528 are @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and @entity730 . Medical management of the @entity461 / @entity560 / @entity460 and @entity3151 imbalances in @entity3528 focus on regulating @entity461 levels via @entity560 therapy. The class of calcimimetics is a newer treatment modality that has favorable effects on biochemical laboratory values, such as serum @entity460 and @entity3151 levels, but current data do not show differences on hard endpoint @entity1 -oriented outcomes compared with standard generic agents. The direct drug costs in April 2007 U.S. dollars of treating @entity740 -associated elevations in @entity461 in predialysis @entity1 range from  8.40 per @entity1 per week ( 437 per year) for oral generic @entity3873 to  88.90 per @entity1 per week ( 4,623 per year) for oral @entity21453 (expressed as 85% of average wholesale price [AWP] for brand drugs or 70% of AWP for generic drugs). The direct drug costs of treating @entity3528 in hemodialysis @entity1 range from  80.20 per @entity1 per week ( 4,170 per year) for generic @entity3873 (IV) to  278.46 per @entity1 per week ( 14,480 per year) for oral cinacalcet. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3528 causes skeletal and @entity65 in @entity740 @entity1 . @entity3873 therapy is effective in managing @entity461 levels, but efforts to reduce the associated @entity2741 and @entity2265 have led to the development of newer, yet more expensive, @entity560 analogs. With the lack of evidence to support comparative superior outcomes in end-organ disease among @entity3528 therapy alternatives, future research is still needed to clearly identify which newer agents are most competitive with the historical gold standard of @entity3873 therapy.

title: Outcomes of @entity3528 in XXXX and the direct costs of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ROD', 'renal osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['adynamic bone disease, vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitriol', 'calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism', 'SHPT']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['extraskeletal calcification']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity21453 :: ('MESH:C084656', 'Chemical') :: ['paricalcitol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and skeletal systems', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone', 'PTH']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcification in @entity731 has been viewed as a marker of plaque stability, but whether @entity730 accumulates in specific anatomic sites in the carotid artery is unknown. We determined the burden and distribution of calcified plaque in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) tissues. METHODS: A total of 22 CEA tissues were imaged with high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Total plaque burden and total @entity460 score using the Agatston method were quantified. The Agatston score (AS) was also normalized for tissue size. Plaque and @entity460 distribution were analyzed separately for three CEA regions: common segment (CS), bulb segment (BS), and internal/external segments (IES). RESULTS: The average CEA tissue length was 40.83 (interquartile range [IQR] 33.31-42.41) mm with total plaque burden of 103.45 (IQR: 78.84-156.81) mm(3) and total AS of 38.58 (IQR 11.59-89.97). Total plaque volume was 21.02 (IQR: 14.47-25.42) mm(3) in the CS, 37.89 (22.59-48.32) mm(3) in the BS, and 54.05 (36.87-74.52) mm(3) in the IES. Of the 22 tissues, 15 had no @entity460 in the CS compared with three in the bulb and two in the IES. Normalized calcified plaque was most prevalent in the BS, the IES and was least prevalent in the CS. The overall correlation of @entity730 between histology sections and matched micro-CT images was 0.86 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Calcified plaque is heterogeneously distributed in CEA tissues with most in the bulb and IES regions. The amount of @entity730 in micro-CT slices shows a high correlation with matched histology sections.

title: Distribution of XXXX in carotid endarterectomy tissues: Comparison of micro-computed tomography imaging with histology.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: Dental stem cells from @entity1 exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental follicle cells (DFCs) are neural crest-derived stem cells from @entity1 dental tissues. Interestingly, SHED and DFCs can successfully differentiate into neuron-like cells. We hypothesized that SHED and DFCs have the same neural cell differentiation potentials. To evaluate neural cell differentiation, we cultivated SHED and DFCs in four different serum-replacement media (SRMs) and analyzed cell morphology, cell proliferation, and gene expression patterns before and after differentiation. In a standard cell culture medium, SHED and DFCs have not only similar cell morphologies, but they also have similar gene expression patterns for known stem cell markers. However, only SHED expressed the neural stem cell marker @entity6484 . After cultivation in SRMs, cell proliferations of DFCs and SHED were reduced and the cell morphology was spindle-like with long processes. However, differentiated DFCs and SHED had different neural cell marker expression patterns. For example, gene expression of the late neural cell marker @entity14383 was upregulated in DFCs and downregulated in SHED in SRM with the @entity4788 supplement. In contrast, SHED formed neurosphere-like cell clusters in SRM with the @entity4788 supplement, @entity4179 , and @entity540 . Moreover, SHED differentially expressed the glial cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, which in contrast was weakly or not expressed in DFCs. In conclusion, SHED and DFCs have different neural differentiation potentials under the same cell culture conditions.

title: Comparison of @entity1 dental follicle cells (DFCs) and stem cells from XXXX exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) after neural differentiation in vitro.

entities_list: @entity14383 :: ('4133', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein 2']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor-2']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']