abstract: Growths factors, defined as polypeptides that stimulate cell proliferation, are major growth-regulatory molecules for cells in culture and probably also for cells in vivo. Evidence has been derived for autocrine system in which the cell produces its own growth factor. Several growth factors as well as their cellular receptors have been identified as productions of proto-oncogenes. Furthermore, these growth factors have been identified as mitogens in @entity5 of the central nervous system. The roles of growth factors including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) and its receptor. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), transforming growth factors (TGFs) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on the proliferation of @entity1313 , especially @entity11 were reviewed. The activation of cellular proto-oncogenes resulting in the autocrine system of growth factors and their receptors offers the opportunity for therapeutic interference. Therapeutic efforts will be based on the concepts of neutralization of growth factors, antagonizing growth factors at their receptors, irreversibly blocking receptors, and interference with oncogene product synthesis. Specific antibody for growth factors or receptors will be able to inhibit the proliferation. Trapidil, an antagonist for PDGF, can inhibit the proliferation of a PDGF-producing @entity11 cell. We can assume that the further analysis of growth regulatory mechanism will allow the design of new therapeutic approaches.

title: [Microbiological approach to the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: @entity510 ( @entity510 ) causes a stress response with increased concentrations of plasma @entity2661 and serious @entity943 . Increased @entity1162 has been shown to predispose to @entity943 . In @entity510 @entity1 , @entity1162 has not been studied previously. @entity1162 was analyzed in 26 @entity1 with @entity510 and in 16 @entity1 (control group) scheduled for ligation of a @entity438 . In 15 @entity1 with @entity510 , the plasma concentrations of @entity2661 were analyzed, and an 18-hour continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) recording was obtained. In the other 11 @entity1 , electrocardiography was repeated daily for up to 9 days for analysis of @entity1162 . The median (25th and 75th percentiles) @entity1162 in all @entity510 @entity1 was 78 milliseconds (50 and 109 milliseconds, respectively), and in control @entity1 , it was 25 milliseconds (15 and 33 milliseconds, respectively) (P < .001). There was a positive correlation with @entity1162 and the plasma concentration of @entity11724 , a metabolite of @entity1063 (P < .05). All @entity1 had episodes of @entity943 during the 18-hour recording period. In conclusion, @entity1162 is a common finding after @entity510 and may be a result of high plasma concentrations of @entity2661 in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX after @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'Subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['increased QT dispersion', 'QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['nonruptured cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QT dispersion']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity340 are usually detected during infancy by prenatal sonography. Rarely they may be diagnosed during later childhood, adolescence or even adulthood. Less is known about presentation and outcome in these older @entity1 . We reviewed our experience at 4 institutions with the late presentation of @entity340 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 13-year retrospective review revealed the late presentation of @entity340 in 47 @entity1 5 to 35 years old (mean age 8). Data collected included presenting symptomatology, radiographic findings and renal function. Statistical analysis determined the relationships among presenting symptoms, @entity1 age at diagnosis and renal function. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms were @entity46678 in 60% of the cases, @entity293 in 40% and voiding @entity158 in 13%. Other presenting symptoms in less than 10% of the cases included poor stream, gross @entity811 and @entity644 . At diagnosis @entity3041 and vesicoureteral reflux were present in 40 and 33% of the @entity1 , respectively, while serum @entity1011 was elevated in 35% and end @entity703 had developed in 10%. The severity of presenting signs and symptoms was significantly associated with @entity8 , while @entity1 age at diagnosis was not. CONCLUSIONS: @entity340 is not merely a disease of infancy. Voiding cystourethrography should be considered in @entity1 older than 5 years who have voiding complaints, especially in association with @entity46678 or @entity293 . @entity1 who present late with @entity340 are at risk for progression to end @entity703 .

title: Delayed presentation of XXXX : a not so benign condition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves', 'Posterior urethral valves']

entities_list: @entity46678 :: ('MESH:D053207', 'Disease') :: ['diurnal enuresis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal disease']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral valves']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluate the results and complications of our intraventricular fibrinolysis protocol. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of the cases of @entity548 with 13-bed Intensive Care Unit. Graeb score 6 or above subjected to intraventricular fibrinolysis. We gathered demographic parameters, clinical risk scores, tomography data and case histories showing neurological status and complications related to intraventricular treatment. The results between those who died and the survivors were compared. RESULTS: Intraventricular fibrinolysis was performed in 42 @entity1 (69% males) with @entity548 . The average age was 58.36 years (SD 16.67), with a median APACHE II score of 17.5 (r 3-29). A total of 16.7% were receiving @entity11271 , and 7.1% were on antiplatelet drugs. The median Glasgow Coma Score at the start of treatment was 8 (r 3-13). The median Graeb score was 9 (r 6-12), and was severe (Graeb 9-12) in almost 62%. In turn, 26.2% of the @entity1 developed @entity5034 , and there was further bleeding in 7.1%. @entity204 occurred in 50% of the cases. None of the analyzed variables were significantly related to increased mortality. In the 21 survivors, the Glasgow Outcome Score at 3 months was 2 in 23.8% of the cases, 3 in 28.57%, 4 in 23.8% and 5 in 28.57% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Intraventricular fibrinolysis does not appear to involve a high rate of complications, and may result in lesser mortality, with a better functional outcome after three months than that estimated and published in the literature in reference to @entity548 .

title: XXXX treated with intraventricular fibrinolysis. A 10-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5034 :: ('MESH:D058565', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculitis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Intraventricular hemorrhage']


abstract: A 50-year-old lady, resident of urban Bihar, presented with inflamed proximal nail fold of a single digit for one and half months. The lesion on distal finger was remarkable for @entity1066 . Mucocutaneous examination revealed multiple hypopigmented macules and patches, notable for absence of scaling. The presence of @entity1066 was not consistent with chronic @entity9252 , hence, she was asked for biopsy. She declined and opted for trial of antibiotic and anti-fungal treatment. At two weeks of follow up, no improvement was noted at all. At the same time, she developed multiple juicy papules in perioral area and on neck. She tested positive by @entity15277 tests. Histopathology from periungual area showed LD body. She was diagnosed as @entity234 -azar dermal @entity232 and was treated with @entity14219 50 mg twice daily for three months, resulting in complete resolution of all lesions.

title: @entity234 azar dermal XXXX (PKDL) presenting with ulcerated chronic paronychia like lesion.

entities_list: @entity14219 :: ('MESH:C039128', 'Chemical') :: ['miltefosine']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity9252 :: ('MESH:D010304', 'Disease') :: ['paronychia']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['Post Kala']

answer: @entity232 :: (MESH:D007896,Disease) :: ['leishmaniasis']


abstract: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed. The objectives of the study were to assess the @entity2673 as perceived by student-teachers with @entity1740 in comparison with student-teachers without @entity1740 , and to observe the pattern of risk factors in relation to their @entity1032 . Subjects in the general population without a voice-demanding profession were selected as a reference group for limited comparison with the total group of student-teachers (future professional voice users). The respondents to the questionnaires were anonymous. Among the student-teachers, 17.2% reported current @entity1740 in comparison with 9.7% of the reference group, and the odds ratio was 1.94, which showed the relative risk. Student-teachers had significantly greater total Voice Handicap Index (VHI) scores than the reference group (P = 0.034). The VHI subscale scores were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Student-teachers who reported current @entity1740 had a significantly higher total VHI and subscale scores than student teachers without @entity1740 (P < 0.001). Of the student-teachers without @entity1740 , 17.0% had VHI scores greater than the 75th percentile. These @entity1 may be neglecting their @entity1032 and probably represent the false-negative cases in the estimation of @entity1740 . Logistic regression analysis of each of the given risk factors with the VHI as the independent variable showed that the perceived negative influence of the given risk factors on their voices was significantly greater with increasing VHI scores across the VHI range. A significant correlation was observed between the number of perceived risk factors and increasing VHI scores across the VHI range. An increased awareness of risk factors in relation to their @entity1032 would serve to motivate student-teachers to change factors that contributed to their @entity1740 . Attention to all risk factors, which the subjects perceive to be a risk, would aid in effective management of their @entity1032 .

title: The XXXX of student-teachers and risk factors perceived to have a negative influence on the voice.

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial impact of current voice complaints']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['voice handicap']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice problem', 'voice complaints']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['voice handicap']


abstract: 1. A model for retinal directional selectivity postulates that GABAergic inhibition of responses to motions in the null (anti-preferred) direction underlies this selectivity. An alternative model postulates that besides this inhibition, there exists an asymmetric, nicotinic @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) input from starburst amacrine cells. It is possible for the latter but not the former model that stimuli could exist such that nicotinic blockade eliminates directional selectivity. Such stimuli would drive the cholinergic but not the GABAergic system well. 2. So far, attempts to eliminate directional selectivity with nicotinic blockade have failed, but they always used isolated, moving bars as the stimulus. We confirmed this failure for On-Off directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells in our preparation of the @entity95 's retina. 3. However, while recording from these cells, we discovered that nicotinic blockade eliminated directional selectivity to drifting, low spatial frequency sine- and square-wave gratings. 4. This effect was not just due to the smallness of the responses under nicotinic blockade. @entity143 blockade caused even smaller responses, but no loss of directional selectivity. 5. This result is consistent with a two-asymmetric-pathways model of directional selectivity, but inconsistent with an asymmetric- @entity1246 -only model. 6. We conclude that asymmetric nicotinic inputs extend the range of stimuli that can elicit directional selectivity to include moving textures, that is, those with multiple peaks in their spatial luminance profile.

title: Necessity of @entity934 for retinal directionally selective responses to drifting gratings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Analysis of bioactive substances produced by @entity5 cells is one approach to understanding the biological features of @entity1 @entity5 . One of these bioactive substances is @entity2232 , a peptide with potent vasoconstrictive activity produced by vascular endothelial cells. We have previously reported the production of ET-1 by several types of @entity1 @entity5 , especially @entity788 cells. To elucidate whether these @entity5 cells might share biological characteristics with vascular endothelial cells, we investigated the production of three ET isoforms in @entity788 cells, using a specific radioimmunoassay. Further, we also investigated whether these cells produce @entity9820 (TM), another product of endothelial cells functioning as a modulator of procoagulant activity. ET-1 was detected in 11 of 12 @entity788 cell lines (92%) while ET-2 and ET-3 were detectable in only one cell line. Gel filtration analysis confirmed the presence of ET-1. Moreover, TM was detected in the cell lysates of 11 of the 12 cell lines (92%) and it was released into the culture medium in the majority (58%) of these cell lines. TM mRNA was also detected in these cells. In addition, TM was demonstrated immunocytochemically along the cell surface. These results suggest that @entity788 cells share two characteristics with endothelial cells: the production of ET-1 and TM.

title: Production of @entity2232 and @entity9820 by XXXX @entity788 cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In previous work, we delineated a proximal region of the @entity1 alpha1(I) collagen gene ( @entity13239 ) promoter necessary to direct its basal transcription in fibroblasts. This region has potential recognition sites for a variety of DNA-binding proteins. Here, we show that the -129/-107-bp sequence in this region of the promoter, which harbors an inverted CCAAT motif closely linked to a GC-rich direct repeat and is perfectly conserved between @entity19 and @entity1 , specifically bound the transcription factors @entity3419 , @entity28549 , and CTF/NF-1 in nuclear extracts from @entity1 skin and lung fibroblasts. @entity238 Schneider L2 cells lacking endogenous Sp activity were used to investigate the effect of expression of Sp or CTF/NF-1 transcription factors on COLlAl promoter activity. Expression of @entity3419 caused potent trans-activation of a @entity13239 promoter (-174 to +42bp). In contrast, expression of @entity28549 , which binds to the same recognition sites as @entity3419 , and CTF/NF-1 stimulated @entity13239 promoter activity only at higher concentrations, and @entity11548 did not transactivate. Expression of a 10-fold excess of @entity28549 , but not CTF/NF-1 or @entity11548 , abrogated the stimulation of @entity13239 promoter activity induced by @entity3419 . TGF-beta at concentrations previously shown to increase @entity13239 transcription caused a decrease in the relative amount of @entity28549 in fibroblast nuclear extracts. These results suggest that both @entity3419 and @entity28549 bind to the proximal @entity13239 promoter and stimulate its activity; however, their interaction with each other may result in repression of @entity3419 -induced @entity13239 transcription. Alterations in the relative amounts or DNA-binding activities of these transcription factors in a cell- or signal-specific manner may contribute to the control of transcription from the @entity13239 promoter. The present findings, and recent observations implicating @entity3419 and its homologs in regulating the expression of several collagen genes, suggest that the family of @entity3419 transcription factors play a role in physiological and pathological modulation of connective tissue accumulation.

title: Modulation of @entity1 alpha1(I) procollagen gene activity by interaction with @entity3419 and XXXX transcription factors in vitro.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity28549 :: (6670,Gene) :: ['Sp3']


abstract: @entity5310 is a disorder of mast cell proliferation that may appear during infancy, childhood, or adulthood. We studied 67 consecutive @entity1 (33 males, 34 females) with @entity17586 and assessed them fully to determine the presence of systemic involvement. Ages at onset of lesions ranged from birth to 11 years, with most developing in the first year of life. @entity111 was the primary symptom. Hematologic and serum chemistry profile, radiologic skeletal surveys, and @entity236 were performed. Slight @entity417 was present in three @entity1 . @entity79 were observed in eight. Bone marrow aspirates showed slight changes in six @entity1 , with only an increased number of mast cells in an additional @entity1 . The disease tended to resolve spontaneously. This prospective study emphasizes the benign nature of pediatric @entity17586 .

title: XXXX : a review of 67 pediatric cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['Mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Radiologic bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity17586 :: ('MESH:D014582', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspirations']

answer: @entity17586 :: (MESH:D014582,Disease) :: ['Urticaria pigmentosa']


abstract: @entity3505 is one of the world's most important crops and is characterized by a large polyploid genome. One way to reduce genome complexity is to isolate single chromosomes using flow cytometry. Low coverage DNA sequencing can provide a snapshot of individual chromosomes, allowing a fast characterization of their main features and comparison with other genomes. We used massively parallel 454 pyrosequencing to obtain a 2x coverage of @entity3505 chromosome 5A. The resulting sequence assembly was used to identify TEs, genes and miRNAs, as well as to infer a virtual gene order based on the synteny with other grass genomes. Repetitive elements account for more than 75% of the genome. Gene content was estimated considering non-redundant reads showing at least one match to ESTs or proteins. The results indicate that the coding fraction represents 1.08% and 1.3% of the short and long arm respectively, projecting the number of genes of the whole chromosome to approximately 5,000. 195 candidate miRNA precursors belonging to 16 miRNA families were identified. The 5A genes were used to search for syntenic relationships between grass genomes. The short arm is closely related to Brachypodium chromosome 4, @entity1101 chromosome 8 and @entity579 chromosome 12; the long arm to regions of Brachypodium chromosomes 4 and 1, @entity1101 chromosomes 1 and 2 and @entity579 chromosomes 9 and 3. From these similarities it was possible to infer the virtual gene order of 392 (5AS) and 1,480 (5AL) genes of chromosome 5A, which was compared to, and found to be largely congruent with the available physical map of this chromosome.

title: First survey of the XXXX chromosome 5A composition through a next generation sequencing approach.

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: The continuous centripetal repopulation of the adrenal cortex is consistent with a population of cells endowed with the stem/progenitor cell properties of self-renewal and pluripotency. The adrenocortical capsule and underlying undifferentiated cortical cells are emerging as critical components of the stem/progenitor cell niche. Recent genetic analysis has identified various signaling pathways including Sonic Hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) and Wnt as crucial mediators of adrenocortical lineage and organ homeostasis. @entity4851 expression is restricted to the peripheral cortical cells that express a paucity of steroidogenic genes but give rise to the underlying differentiated cells of the cortex. Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling maintains the undifferentiated state and adrenal fate of adrenocortical stem/progenitor cells, in part through induction of its target genes @entity2539 and inhibin-a, respectively. The pathogenesis of ACC, a rare yet highly aggressive @entity5 with an extremely poor prognosis, is slowly emerging from studies of the stem/progenitor cells of the adrenal cortex coupled with the genetics of @entity4310 in which ACC occurs. The frequent observation of constitutive activation of Wnt signaling due to loss-of-function mutations in the @entity5 suppressor gene @entity6295 or gain-of-function mutation in @entity3546 in both @entity652 and @entity189 , suggests perhaps that the Wnt pathway serves an early or initiating insult in the oncogenic process. Loss of @entity876 might be predicted to cooperate with additional genetic insults such as @entity5100 as both are the most common @entity74 in @entity5 . It is unclear whether other factors such as @entity773 and @entity11591 , which are implicated in stem/progenitor cell biology in the adrenal and/or other organs, are also implicated in the etiology of @entity1636 . The rarity and heterogeneous presentation of ACC makes it difficult to identify the cellular origin and the molecular progression to @entity5 . A more complete understanding of adrenocortical stem/progenitor cell biology will invariably aid in characterization of the molecular details of ACC tumorigenesis and may offer new options for therapeutic intervention.

title: Adrenocortical stem and progenitor cells: implications for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant versus benign adrenocortical neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial syndromes']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: Qualitative data collected from 63 older and younger mothers revealed that almost all recognized @entity55 and all described mild and severe signs and symptoms to explain incidences of @entity55 . Respiratory illnesses were attributed to humoral imbalances, supernatural causes and "negligent" mothers. Home care practices involved drinking specially prepared juices, massaging the @entity1 with oil and avoiding "cooling" foods. Traditional and allopathic care was sought depending on the perceived severity of the illness. The role of the family was important in decision-making. Rural mothers were relieved and satisfied to be able to quickly access low-cost medicines from Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) health volunteers, who clearly influence health care practices. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 23 health volunteers showed that 22 were able to correctly identify breathing rates and their association with @entity55 . All had knowledge of @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) and were able to list a range of signs and symptoms. Some health volunteers complained of operational constraints with monitoring and technical equipment. Nevertheless, the programme has strong links with grassroots volunteers and community @entity1 , making it a successful intervention.

title: Acute XXXX in rural Bangladesh: cultural understandings, practices and the role of mothers and community health volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections', 'ARI']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantitate different antigens by flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in small round cell @entity5 (SRCTs) and to compare the FCI technique with immunocytochemistry (IC). STUDY DESIGN: IC and FCI were performed on 24 consecutive cases of SRCT on fine needle aspiration biopsy material using a panel of antibodies--e.g., cytokeratin (CK), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), @entity2283 , epithelial membrane antigen, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, @entity995 gene product, @entity521 clone (NB84a (NB), @entity2277 and @entity3778 gene product. IC was done by indirect immunoperoxidase and FCI by indirect immunofluorescence onflow cytometry. RESULTS: In @entity2828 , with the help of FCI, positive results were obtained in an additional 4 samples in CK, 2 samples in actin and 3 samples in @entity2283 . Similarly, one each sample was additional positive regarding @entity3778 and @entity2277 by IC. In cases of @entity521 with the help of FCI, additional positive results were obtained in one each sample of CK, LCA and NB and two in actin. Combined use of FCI and IC helped to show chromogranin positivity in an additional two cases. Divergent differentiation was noted in four cases of @entity2828 , one @entity521 and two peripheral @entity4969 . CONCLUSION: FCI technique is sensitive, more objective and quantitative in comparison with manual absorbance-based microscopic detection of enzyme immunohistochemistry products. FCI may determine divergent differentiation in SRCTs.

title: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping and comparison with immunocytochemistry in small round cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine predictive factors for effectiveness, @entity137 and @entity66 control in @entity1 with @entity320 treated with @entity1732 -based electrochemotherapy (ECT). METHODS: Electrochemotherapy was offered to @entity1 with superficially disseminated @entity320 @entity3 unsuitable for resection and unresponsive to chemotherapy. RESULTS: Eighty-five @entity1 were treated with up to six ECT cycles with minimal, mainly dermatological, @entity137 . One month after the first ECT, an objective response was observed in 80 @entity1 (94 per cent). After retreatment because of a partial response in 39 @entity1 , a complete response was achieved in 19 @entity1 . Among the 41 (48 per cent) complete responders at first ECT, 19 @entity1 received a second cycle because of new lesions after a median of 6 (range 2-14) months. After a median follow-up of 26 months, six @entity1 experienced local recurrence with a 2-year local progression-free survival rate of 87 per cent. In multivariable analysis, significant predictive factors for response were @entity5 size (odds ratio (OR) 0  23, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0  19 to 0  86; P = 0  003) and number of lesions (OR 0  38, 0  28 to 0  88; P = 0  002). An increasing number of electrode applications (hazard ratio (HR) 2  18, 95 per cent c.i. 1  22 to 3  44; P = 0  041) and ECT cycles (HR 0  46, 0  22 to 0  95; P = 0  005) were predictors of local control. There were no predictors of @entity137 . @entity320 and lower limb location of @entity3 were prognostic for survival. CONCLUSION: The most suitable candidates for ECT were @entity1 with few and small @entity3 on the lower limb treated with multiple electrode applications and ECT cycles.

title: Electrochemotherapy for disseminated superficial @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Melanoma thickness', 'melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: In the era of cost containment in our health care system the demand is made of increasing outpatient surgery e. g. for @entity923 . To show the possibilities of carpal tunnel release performed under outpatient conditions we analysed 925 consecutive cases during 1. 1. 1981 to 30. 4. 2001. A tourniquet was used in all cases. In 814 cases we used axillary plexus anaesthesia. 107 surgical interventions were done under local anesthesia. Two of these @entity1 could not tolerate the tourniquet. @entity1337 was complete in all but two cases. In two cases revision due to after bleeding was necessary. There were no further complications seen. The mean time for return to work was 21.3 days (min: 14, max: 36 days). The mean follow-up for these @entity1 was 36 months. @entity1183 and @entity809 were relieved in 98 %, @entity158 was relieved in 90 %, motoric weakness was relieved in 95 % of the hands. The overall satisfaction rate was 94 %. Carpal tunnel release can be performed safely and unexpensively under outpatient conditions.

title: [Experiences with 925 outpatient operations of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: A prospective study of 21 @entity1 after a meniscectomy is presented. During a standardized training program, consisting of static and dynamic exercises five times a week during 8 weeks, the following clinical signs were monitored: @entity158 , @entity4 and limitation of the range of motion of the knee joint. Furthermore, isometric and isokinetic maximal torque of the knee extensors of both legs was determined in the @entity1 group, as well as in a control group of healthy subjects (n = 11). We found that @entity4 of the knee joint seems to be the major cause of inhibition of muscle strength, resulting in low torque values in the initial phase of the training program. Mean maximal isometric torque of the operated knee increased from 151 Nm (SD = 50) to 282 Nm (SD = 50). Isokinetic mean maximal torque increased from 77 Nm (SD = 32) to 164 Nm (SD = 28). Isometric and isokinetic mean maximal torque of the nonoperated leg increased 15% and 10%, respectively. In the control group torque output of the knee extensors remained at about the same level. It appeared that the torque differences between both legs are more pronounced in the isokinetic tests than in the isometric tests. At the end of the training program isometric and isokinetic maximal torque of the knee extensors of the operated knee still showed a deficit of 12% and 21%, respectively. Isokinetic testing is more sensitive for small strength differences than isometric testing.

title: Clinical progress and quadriceps torque ratios during training of meniscectomy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity17836 @entity45383 synthase (OSBS), a member of the @entity45382 superfamily that catalyzes a step in @entity4606 biosynthesis, has an @entity535 sequence that is 22 and 28% identical with those of two previously characterized OSBS enzymes from @entity526 and Amycolatopsis sp. T-1-60, respectively. These values are considerably lower than typical levels of sequence identity among homologous proteins that have the same function. To determine how such divergent enzymes catalyze the same reaction, we determined the structure of @entity17836 OSBS and identified @entity1522 that are important for ligand binding. We discovered significant differences in structure and conformational flexibility between @entity17836 OSBS and other members of the @entity45382 superfamily. In particular, the 20s loop, a flexible loop in the active site that permits ligand binding and release in most @entity45382 superfamily proteins, has a four- @entity535 deletion and is well-ordered in @entity17836 OSBS. Instead, the flexibility of a different region allows the substrate to enter from the other side of the active site. @entity17836 OSBS was more tolerant of mutations at residues that were critical for activity in @entity526 OSBS. Also, replacing active site @entity1522 found in one protein with the @entity1522 that occur at the same place in the other protein reduces the catalytic efficiency. Thus, the extraordinary divergence between these proteins does not appear to reflect a higher tolerance of mutations. Instead, large deletions outside the active site were accompanied by alteration of active site size and electrostatic interactions, resulting in small but significant differences in ligand binding.

title: Divergent evolution of ligand binding in the XXXX synthase family.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity17836 :: ('2021', 'Species') :: ['T. fusca', 'Thermobifida fusca']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity4606 :: ('MESH:D024482', 'Chemical') :: ['menaquinone']

entities_list: @entity45383 :: ('MESH:C013691', 'Chemical') :: ['o-succinylbenzoate']

answer: @entity45383 :: (MESH:C013691,Chemical) :: ['o-succinylbenzoate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexual lifestyles including sexual activity, problems, satisfaction, and the formation and maintenance of relationships, are greatly affected by physical health. Data are limited regarding the sexual lifestyle of adolescents and young adults with type 1 @entity6 (T1DM). Fear from hypoglycemic episodes during sexual intercourse and intimacy issues can impact individuals with T1DM. The aim of this study was to assess sexual lifestyles of individuals with T1DM. METHODS: 53 T1DM @entity1 , 27(51%) males, mean        SD age 27        9        8        3  years completed the @entity4053 Fear Survey-II (HFS-II) and the Sex Practices and Concerns questionnaire. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (70%) reported they never or almost never had concerns in their sexual lifestyles that were related to their @entity6 . None experienced severe @entity4053 during sex, but 21(40%) reported occasional mild hypoglycemic events. More than two-thirds do not take any measures to prevent @entity4053 before sex (decreasing insulin dose, snacks, and measuring blood @entity413 levels). Fear of @entity4053 during sex was reported by 18(35%); those who reported increased fear experienced mild hypoglycemic events during sex (61        1% vs. 26        5% p   =   0        01), were singles (94        4% vs. 64        7% p   =   0        02) and had higher scores on the Worries subscale of the HFS-II (42        8        12        8 vs. 34        9        10        5 p   =   0        04) compared with those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Among young @entity1 with T1DM, most do not have concerns regarding sex that are related to their @entity6 , and most do not take specific measures before or after sex. One-third, however, fear from @entity4053 during sex, mostly singles and those who experienced @entity4053 in the past. Caregivers should be aware and address these concerns.

title: Sexual lifestyle among young adults with type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: This study describes the @entity5 -load in 484 @entity1 with @entity0 with spread to one or more nodes. The aim was to relate @entity5 -load to nodal histology. The @entity5 area and that of residual lymphoid tissue was measured from standardised nodal sections. The presence/absence of @entity5 cells in the efferent vessels (EV) defined their nodal status as EV+ or EV-. The former has a poor prognosis. While the number of EV+ cases increased with the total @entity5 -load, the number of EV- cases decreased. In the EV+ there was high positive correlation between @entity5 -load and number of deaths from @entity0 , with a corresponding negative correlation in the EV-. Twice as many @entity1 with EV+ nodes died of @entity0 compared to the EV- group. Investigation of 164 consecutive @entity5 -bearing nodes showed a similar pattern. Irrespective of EV status the area of residual lymphoid tissue remained constant. Although the lymphoid area was similar the @entity5 -load was twice as high in the EV+ cases. These findings stress basic biological differences in the growth of @entity0 in the nodes. @entity1 with the smallest micrometastases that are found in the afferent lymphatics of the node and the EV+ @entity1 in which @entity5 cells are present in the efferent nodal vessels have a poor short-term prognosis. The @entity1 with larger micrometastases in the nodal lymphoid tissue and also EV- @entity1 with the next highest @entity5 -load are both of low prognostic risk, with the exception of the few EV- with an exceptionally high @entity5 -load.

title: Staging nodal growth in XXXX on a histological basis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'axillary tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity712 and @entity714 ( @entity714 ) are frequently treated with biventricular pacing (BiVP). Approximately one-third of them suffer from @entity955 . Pharmacological conversion of @entity955 is performed with drugs that slow ventricular conduction, but the effects of these drugs on the benefit of BiVP are poorly understood. METHODS: Experiments were performed in @entity235 with chronic @entity714 , investigating the effects of Vernakalant and @entity6237 (n = 6 each) on hemodynamics and electrophysiology during epicardial (EPI) and endocardial BiVP. The degree of dyssynchrony and conduction slowing was quantified using QRS width and EPI electrical mapping. RESULTS: Compared with @entity714 , EPI and endocardial BiVP reduced QRS duration by 7%    9% (P < 0.05 compared with @entity714 ) and 20%    13% (P < 0.05 compared with @entity714 , P < 0.05 between modes), respectively. During BiVP, the administration of Vernakalant and @entity6237 increased QRS duration by 20%    14% (P < 0.05 compared with predrug BiVP) and 34%    10% (P < 0.05 compared with predrug BiVP, P < 0.05 between drugs). left ventricular (LV) dP/dtmax decreased by 16%    8% (P < 0.05 compared with predrug BiVP) during Vernakalant and by 14%    15% (P < 0.05 compared with predrug BiVP) during @entity6237 . The drugs did not affect the relative changes in QRS width and LV dP/dtmax induced by BiVP. CONCLUSIONS: Vernakalant and @entity6237 decrease contractility, slow myocardial conduction velocity, and increase activation time. The electrical and hemodynamic benefits of BiVP are not altered by the drugs.

title: Electrophysiological and hemodynamic effects of vernakalant and XXXX during cardiac resynchronization in dyssynchronous @entity235 hearts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['Flecainide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['flecainide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenic role of IgE has been implicated in a variety of @entity56 and inflammatory diseases. We have previously established an IgE-mediated cutaneous reverse passive Arthus model in which eosinophil infiltration is a prominent feature. This uniquely provides a model of @entity56 in which Fc classes of Ig that forms immune complex differentially determine the disease manifestation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms of how mast cells and basophils regulate this IgE-mediated @entity8753 . METHODS: IgE-mediated cutaneous reverse passive @entity8753 was induced in wild-type C57BL/6 or WBB6F1-+/+ @entity19 and mast-cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/W(v) @entity19 by intradermal injection of IgE anti- @entity7430 antibodies followed immediately by intravenous administration of @entity7430 bovine serum albumin. Basophils were depleted in vivo using anti- @entity44760 monoclonal antibody prior to the IC challenge. RESULTS: @entity548 and infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils were significantly reduced but were not completely abrogated in WBB6F1-W/W(v) @entity19 compared with those in wild-type WBB6F1-+/+ @entity19 . Wild-type C57BL/6 @entity19 treated by basophil-depleting mAb also showed significantly decreased @entity548 and @entity32 , especially that of eosinophils, compared with control @entity19 . Furthermore, basophil depletion in WBB6F1-W/W(v) @entity19 led to nearly complete inhibition of eosinophil recruitment. By contrast, basophil depletion did not further decrease neutrophil infiltration in WBB6F1-W/W(v) @entity19 . CONCLUSION: While mast cells play a central role, basophils also have an important function, especially for eosinophil recruitment, in IgE-mediated cutaneous reverse passive @entity8753 .

title: Basophils and mast cells play critical roles for leukocyte recruitment in IgE-mediated cutaneous reverse passive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7430 :: ('CHEBI:53067', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrophenyl']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type III hypersensitivity', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity8753 :: ('MESH:D001183', 'Disease') :: ['Arthus reaction']

answer: @entity8753 :: (MESH:D001183,Disease) :: ['Arthus reaction']


abstract: Covalent attachment of @entity1885 provides a useful method to label cell surface proteins. Subsequent to biotinylation, the protein can be purified by immunoprecipitation with a specific antibody, followed by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. After transfer to a membrane by electroblotting, the biotinylated protein can be detected by probing with labeled streptavidin. This technique has been used to investigate recombinant @entity1 insulin receptors expressed on the surface of @entity19 NIH-3T3 cells. Biotinylation of the extracellular domain with an impermeant reagent did not impair the ability of an antibody directed against an epitope in the intracellular domain to immunoprecipitate insulin receptors. In contrast, biotinylation reduced the avidity of a polyclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of the receptor. Nevertheless, by increasing the concentration of the antireceptor antibody, it was possible to successfully immunoprecipitate the biotinylated receptor. Furthermore, biotinylated receptors retained the ability to bind insulin and undergo insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation and internalization. The use of enzyme-labeled streptavidin enables the use of chemiluminescence techniques to detect the receptors, thus obviating the need to employ radioactivity. Just as the technique is useful to study cell surface insulin receptors, it can be adapted to investigate other cell surface receptors and proteins.

title: Streptavidin blotting: a sensitive technique to study cell surface proteins; application to investigate autophosphorylation and endocytosis of XXXX -labeled insulin receptors.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1885 :: (MESH:D001710,Chemical) :: ['biotin']


abstract: A very rare case of @entity957 of the breast is reported. A 54-year-old @entity1 noticed a breast lump and consulted the @entity5 Institute Hospital, Tokyo. Physical examination revealed a mass with an unclear margin in the upper outer area of the left breast. Both mammography and ultrasonography showed an irregularly shaped mass, suggesting @entity189 . Aspiration cytology revealed solid clusters of two types of @entity5 cells: ones with mucus in the cytoplasm, and others without mucus. Cytological features resembled @entity957 of the salivary gland but it was not possible to establish a diagnosis of the histological type because @entity957 of the breast had not previously been encountered by the authors. After incisional biopsy, left mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection was performed. Histologically the @entity5 was surrounded by a fibrous pseudocapsule and was composed of @entity3821 foci and invasive @entity5 nests. @entity3821 foci were the low papillary type. Stromal invasion showed many solid nests composed of mucus-containing and squamoid @entity5 cells. There was no common @entity513 component in this @entity5 . These histological features confirmed the diagnosis as @entity957 of the breast. This is the first report of @entity957 of the breast in Japan.

title: XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['Intraductal carcinoma', 'intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['muco-epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Muco-epidermoid carcinoma']


abstract: Galanin and @entity750 coexist in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neurons. Microinjection of galanin into the DRN reduces the firing rate of @entity750 neurons. Serotonergic neurons projecting from the DRN to the amygdala facilitate learned @entity148 producing an anxiogenic effect, while those projecting from the periaqueductal grey affect innate @entity148 producing a panicolytic effect. We tested the hypothesis that injection of galanin into @entity35 DRN would induce anxiolytic/panicogenic effects in the elevated T-maze (ETM), a model that allows for the evaluation of both of these effects. @entity16424 infusion into the mid-caudal DRN, but not into the rostral DRN, impaired inhibitory avoidance, suggesting an anxiolytic effect. The effective dose of galanin (0.3 nmol) did not modify locomotor activity in the open field. Contrary to expectations, microinjection of @entity16424 into the DRN did not facilitate the latency of one-way escape in the ETM. Pretreatment with a galanin antagonist, M40, attenuated galanin-induced impairment of inhibitory avoidance. The results show that microinjection of a low dose of galanin only into the mid-caudal DRN has an anxiolytic effect. This effect seems to be mediated, at least in part, by galanin receptors. Further investigation is necessary to identify the receptor subtypes and the DRN subregion involved in the anxiolytic effect of galanin.

title: Infusion of galanin into the mid-caudal portion of the dorsal raphe nucleus has an anxiolytic effect on XXXX in the elevated T-maze.

entities_list: @entity16424 :: ('MESH:D019004', 'Chemical') :: ['galanin', 'Galanin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A number of @entity958 ( @entity958 ) mutants exhibit leaf reticulation, having green veins that stand out against paler interveinal tissues, fewer cells in the interveinal mesophyll, and normal perivascular bundle sheath cells. Here, to examine the basis of leaf reticulation, we analyzed the @entity958 RETICULATA-RELATED (RER) gene family, several members of which cause leaf reticulation when mutated. Although transcripts of RE, @entity51580 , and RER3 were mainly detected in the bundle sheath cells of expanded leaves, functional RER3:GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN was visualized in the chloroplast membranes of all photosynthetic cells. Leaf reticulation in the re and rer3 loss-of-function mutants occurred, along with accumulation of reactive @entity26 species, in a photoperiod-dependent manner. A comparison of re and rer3 leaf messenger RNA expression profiles showed more than 200 genes were similarly misexpressed in both mutants. In addition, metabolic profiles of mature leaves revealed that several biosynthetic pathways downstream of @entity2388 are altered in re and rer3. Double mutant analysis showed that only re @entity51580 and rer5 rer6 exhibited synergistic phenotypes, indicating functional redundancy. The redundancy between RE and its closest paralog, @entity51580 , was confirmed by overexpressing @entity51580 in re mutants, which partially suppressed leaf reticulation. Our results show that RER family members can be divided into four functional modules with divergent functions. Moreover, these results provide insights into the origin of the reticulated phenotype, suggesting that the RER proteins functionally interconnect photoperiodic growth, @entity535 homeostasis, and reactive @entity26 species metabolism during @entity958 leaf growth.

title: Functional Redundancy and Divergence within the XXXX RETICULATA-RELATED Gene Family.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The present study investigated the impact of reinforcement valence and magnitude on response timing in @entity1 with @entity71 . @entity1 were required to estimate a 1-s interval, and both the median response time (response tendency) and the intrasubject-variability (response stability) were investigated. In addition, heart rate and skin conductance were measured to examine the autonomic responses to reinforcement. Feedback-only trials were compared to low response cost trials (response cost for incorrect responses), low reward trials (reward for correct responses), high response cost and high reward trials. In feedback-only trials, @entity1 with @entity71 underestimated more severely the interval and responded more variably than controls. @entity1 with @entity71 , unlike controls, were unaffected by the reinforcement conditions in terms of time underestimations. The variability of responding, on the other hand, decreased under conditions of reinforcement to a larger extent in @entity1 with @entity71 than controls. There were no indications that @entity1 with @entity71 were abnormally affected by the valence or magnitude of reinforcement. Furthermore, skin conductance responses increased when feedback was coupled with reinforcement, an effect which was larger in @entity1 with @entity71 than controls. This could be interpreted as demonstrating that @entity1 with @entity71 suffer from a diminished awareness of the significance of feedback in the feedback-only condition. The current study suggests that @entity1 with @entity71 suffer from motivation problems when reinforcement was not available, at least when variability in responding was measured. Underestimations of time may reflect more stable deficits in @entity71 .

title: Modulation of response timing in XXXX , effects of reinforcement valence and magnitude.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Diffuse large @entity1892 (DLBCL) is the most common form of @entity1893 . Cytogenetic studies have revealed a broad spectrum of @entity74 and complex karyotypes. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the understanding of the genomic alterations associated with this group of @entity706 . METHODS: Cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular analyses were performed in 30 cases with DLBCL: 20 de novo DLBCL (dn-DLBCL) and 10 DLBCL secondary to @entity706 (S-DLBCL). RESULTS: A total of 37 different structural chromosomal rearrangements were found: 27% translocations, 54% deletions, and 19% other alterations. Chromosomes 8, 6, 2, and 9 were the most commonly affected. Interestingly, translocation t(3;14)(q27;q32) and/or @entity4042 gene rearrangements were not observed either by cytogenetic studies or by FISH analysis. Fifteen novel cytogenetic alterations were detected, among them translocations t(2;21)(p11;q22) and t(8;18)(q24;p11.3) appeared as sole structural abnormalities. Translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) and/or @entity588 - @entity7513 gene rearrangements were the genomic alterations most frequently observed: 50% of S-DLBCL and 30% of dn-DLBCL. Deletions del(4)(q21), del(6)(q27), del(8)(q11), and del(9)(q11) were recurrent. The most common gains involved chromosome regions at 12q13-q24, 7q10-q32, and 17q22-qter; 6q was the most frequently deleted region, followed by losses at 2q35-qter, 7q32-qter, and 9q13-qter. Four novel regions of loss were identified: 5q13-q21, 2q35-qter (both recurrent in our series), 4p11-p12, and 17q11-q12. CONCLUSIONS: These studies emphasize the value of combining conventional cytogenetics with FISH and molecular studies to allow a more accurate definition of the genomic aberrations involved in DLBCL.

title: New chromosome abnormalities and lack of XXXX gene rearrangements in Argentinean diffuse large @entity1892 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['clonal genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

answer: @entity4042 :: (604,Gene) :: ['BCL-6']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The anharmonic spectra of the gas phase cubic water octamer (W8, D2d and S4 isomers) have been theoretically calculated at the second order M  ller-Plesset perturbation ( @entity4885 ) and the Coupled Cluster with Single, Double and a perturbative estimate of Triple replacements [CCSD(T)] theories. The CCSD(T) harmonic frequencies are the first ones reported for this cluster. An additional band at ~3500 cm-1 is reported, in a spectral area that was not previously accessible experimentally due to technical reasons. The IR spectra of the S4 isomer have a larger number of fundamental bands than the spectra of the D2d isomer, in accordance with the presence of lower symmetry in the former compared to the latter. When W8 interacts with @entity7935 (BZ), the dispersion interaction plays a major role in determining the resulting intermolecular arrangement. Calculations at the @entity4885 , DFT (with the   B97XD functional which includes dispersion corrections) and CCSD(T) levels of theory suggest an optimal arrangement in which BZ is almost parallel to one of the faces of the W8 cube. This structure differs from the previously reported one in which one of the "free" @entity2145 bonds of the W8 cube pointed towards the center of BZ (Science 276, 1678 (1997)) that was determined at the DFT level with the dispersionless B3LYP functional and was used to assign the experimentally measured IR spectra. Five low-lying isomers, three of the S4-like and two of the D2d-like type, were determined and their spectra were assigned. The perturbation of BZ to the W8 bands amounts to (i) the localization of the normal modes of W8 thus resulting in more IR active bands and (ii) the lowering of the overall symmetry of the complex that results in the splitting of the doubly degenerate bands on the bare W8. Our results further suggest that a future recording of the IR spectra in the @entity20835 bending region can definitively aid in the assignment of the various isomers of both the BZ and the BZ-W8 complexes.

title: A New, Dispersion - Driven Intermolecular Arrangement for the XXXX -Water Octamer Complex: Isomers and Analysis of their Vibrational Spectra.

answer: @entity7935 :: (MESH:D001554,Chemical) :: ['Benzene']


abstract: Development of @entity565 in childhood is linked to @entity1800 of the lower respiratory tract in early life, with subsequent chronic exposure to allergens. Progression to persistent @entity565 is associated with a @entity61 -biased immunological response and structural remodelling of the airways. The underlying mechanisms are unclear, but could involve epigenetic changes. To investigate this, we employed a recently developed @entity19 model in which self-limited @entity281 with a pneumovirus, followed by sensitisation to ovalbumin via the respiratory tract and low-level chronic challenge with aerosolised antigen, leads to development of an @entity748 phenotype. We assessed expression of microRNA by cells in the proximal airways, comparing changes over the period of disease progression, and used target prediction databases to identify genes likely to be up- or downregulated as a consequence of altered regulation of microRNA. In parallel, we assessed DNA methylation in pulmonary CD4(+) T cells. We found that a limited number of microRNAs exhibited marked up- or downregulation following early-life @entity281 and sensitisation, for many of which the levels of expression were further changed following chronic challenge with the sensitizing antigen. Targets of these microRNAs included genes involved in immune or inflammatory responses (e.g. @entity19986 , @entity10898 ) and in tissue remodelling (e.g. @entity7424 , @entity20357 ), as well as genes for various transcription factors and signalling proteins. In pulmonary CD4(+) T cells, there was significant demethylation at promoter sites for @entity58 and interferon-y, the latter increasing following chronic challenge. We conclude that, in this model, progression to an @entity748 phenotype is linked to epigenetic regulation of genes associated with @entity32 and structural remodelling, and with T-cell commitment to a @entity61 immunological response. Epigenetic changes associated with this pattern of gene activation might play a role in the development of @entity565 .

title: Epigenetic changes associated with disease progression in a XXXX model of childhood allergic asthma.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine by questionnaire the incidence of effective vaccination against @entity116 in the population aged over 30 years attending a health centre. As a secondary objective we wish to determine the @entity1 who sought vaccination after immunoprophylaxis was indicated as a result of incorrect vaccination. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross section study to determine the incidence of effective vaccination and the number who sought vaccination. LOCATION: Inicial visit @entity1 . "Chopera I" Health Centre, Alcobendas (Madrid). @entity1 : Stratified sample of 385 @entity1 representative of the population aged over 30 attending the Health Centre. For calculation of number who sought vaccination, 263 @entity1 completed the study. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Vaccination coverage was 13.24% +/- 3.38% for alpha = 0.05, with statistically significant disfavouring difference in @entity1 and older age groups. 66.15% of the @entity1 for whom immunoprophylaxis was indicated sought vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: There is poor vaccination coverage in the over thirties population, especially in @entity1 . We note the high percentage of @entity1 who sought vaccination without any risk factor at that time, indicating the fundamental role of the initial visit medical service in immunoprophylaxis.

title: [Vaccine coverage against XXXX in the population over 30 years old cared for at a health center].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'women']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A considerable amount of experimental and clinical data prove the cytoprotective effect of @entity8503 on normal tissue exposed to different types of antineoplastic treatments. The present study examines its influence on the short-term @entity137 of either radiotherapy alone or combined radio-chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity135 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with advanced @entity135 , mainly Stage III and IV, were treated with preoperative radiation (n = 1), pre- as well as postoperative radiotherapy (n = 5), postoperative radiation (n = 9) or combined postoperative radio-chemotherapy (n = 6). Before each radiation application a total dose of 500 mg @entity8503 was administered intravenously over 15 minutes. The documentation of this unselected @entity1 group was compared retrospectively to a historical control group comprising 17 @entity1 . RESULTS: In 15 @entity1 (65%) of the @entity8503 group, therapy induced side effects such as @entity33 and @entity1909 of WHO Grade < or = 2 were detected, requiring interruptions of the radiotherapy (mean: 6.5, maximum 17 days). No mucosa or dermatologic @entity137 of WHO Grade 3 or 4 was observed in this group. Significantly more acute @entity137 was detected in the historical control group. @entity3136 or epitheliolysis of WHO Grade 3 occurred in 7 @entity1 (41%). The side effects induced by the antineoplastic therapy caused an interruption of treatment in 15 @entity1 (88%) (mean: 16, maximum 40 days; p = 0.0016). CONCLUSION: The application of @entity8503 before each radiation treatment seems to result in a distinct reduction of short-term @entity137 of radiotherapy or combined radio-chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity135 , allowing for a better adherence to the planned radiation time schedule.

title: [Cytoprotection with @entity8503 in radiotherapy or radio-chemotherapy of head and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['neck tumors']


abstract: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is increased the risk of @entity299 included @entity731 and @entity301 . Aging is a physiology process involving progressive @entity299 , due to an increasing vulnerability, which reduces the ability of survive. However, it is not clear pathological condition in aging exposure to SHS. The aim of this study was to examine SHS exposure in @entity66 . The @entity35 were placed in SHS exposure chamber and exposed to 10 cigarettes for 30 min, twice a day, 5 days/ one week for 1 month. After 4 weeks secondhand smoke exposure, @entity35 left ventricular (LV) underwent morphological and function study with echocardiography. Histopathology of left ventricular sections were stained with @entity1710 -Eosin staining and related left @entity123 protein expression levels by Western blot analysis. After 4 weeks SHS exposure, LV weight showed significant increased. On the other hand, from echocardiography result, we found EF (%) and FS (%) were apparently decreased in aging SHS exposure. IVS, LVID and LVPW at diastolic diameters were increased in aging SHS exposure. However, in aging systolic diameters always preserved. Here we did not show that. Moreover, we observed enlargement morphology of the LV and LV well thickness of increase. In addition, we found @entity4346 marker protein, calcineurin/ @entity51571 , was only increased in aging and aging SHS exposure. Our study suggests that SHS exposure and aging will altercate left @entity123 .

title: Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Aging-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['aging-related disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'impairment of normal heart functions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ambulance distance to hospitals and mortality from @entity697 using the national database in Japan. DESIGN: Geospatial ecological study. SETTING: We collected the data of transport distance to hospitals from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database and that of mortality per 100 000 from some @entity697 from the database of life tables by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan. @entity1 : A total of 108 314 @entity1 (40 882 @entity1 with @entity583 , 31 632 @entity1 with @entity4798 , 4992 @entity1 with @entity510 , and 30 808 @entity1 with @entity55 ) were referred in Japan in 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We evaluated the association between the mean transport distance to hospitals and the mortality from @entity697 using simple linear regression analysis. This correlation was evaluated separately for each @entity697 . RESULTS: The mean transport distances to hospitals were 8.1 km for @entity583 , 8.3 km for @entity4798 , 9.5 km for @entity510 , and 7.6 km for @entity55 , whereas the mortalities per 100,000 were 34.6 for @entity583 , 60.4 for @entity4798 , 11.2 for @entity510 , and 91.6 for @entity55 . Simple linear regression analysis revealed significant positive correlations between transport distance and mortality per 100,000 for @entity583 and @entity4798 (R2 = 0.315 and 0.398, P < .001, respectively). Otherwise, moderate positive correlations between transport distance and mortality per 100,000 were shown for @entity510 and @entity55 (R2 = 0.112, P < .012 and .233, P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the ambulance distance to hospitals significantly influences the risk of mortality for some @entity697 in Japan. Further studies are needed to confirm this association.

title: Association between ambulance distance to hospitals and mortality from XXXX in Japan: national database analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease', 'acute diseases']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute diseases']


abstract: In our previous paper (Ikushiro et al. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 1464), two catalytic states were proposed for @entity291 adrenocortical P-450(11)beta at 37 degrees C: one in liposome membranes and the other in liposome membranes containing @entity21767 . Similar reaction characteristics were observed at 5 degrees C and all the experiments in this study were performed at 5 degrees C. P-450(11)beta-proteoliposomes had relatively low 11 beta-hydroxylase activity and could catalyze @entity1369 formation from @entity4420 . Relatively high 11 beta-hydroxylase activity was observed in P450(11)beta-proteoliposomes containing @entity21767 and in @entity9266 solubilized P-450(11)beta, in which no @entity1369 formation could be detected. Optical titration indicated binding of @entity2819 to P-450(11)beta to be much weaker in the @entity9266 solubilized state than in proteoliposomes. @entity2819 competitively inhibited 11 beta-hydroxylation reaction of P-450(11)beta-proteoliposomes, but neither in P-450(11)beta-proteoliposomes containing @entity21767 nor in the @entity9266 solubilized system. The binding of @entity2819 to P-450(11)beta was concluded quite weak in proteoliposomes in the presence of @entity21767 and in the @entity9266 solubilized state. @entity1369 formation thus was not possible in these systems. Inability of the @entity291 adrenocortical zonae fasciculata and reticularis to produce @entity1369 may be due to the weak binding of @entity2819 to P-450(11)beta in these zones.

title: Regulation mechanism of the catalytic activity of XXXX adrenal cytochrome P-450(11)beta.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity4420 :: ('CHEBI:16973', 'Chemical') :: ['11-deoxycorticosterone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Treatment of metastatic @entity320 with interferon alpha ( @entity3027 ) results in objective remission in approximately 15% of @entity1 . In a previous investigation, we found that about 50% of the @entity1 achieved at least minor or short-lived remissions. In some @entity5 extensive areas of regressive @entity5 change occurred. However, even in these areas remnants of @entity5 cells were generally found. The short duration of the immune response in some @entity1 and the @entity5 can be due either to selection of non-immunogenic @entity5 cells or to down-regulation of the immune reactivity to the @entity5 . In the present paper, the expression of the zeta chain of the T cell receptor in CD3+ lymphocytes and the expression of @entity1361 in CD3+, @entity404 + and @entity405 + lymphocytes was studied in resectable @entity320 @entity3 from 20 treated ( @entity3027 or @entity3027 in combination with @entity900 and @entity2699 ) and 16 untreated @entity1 . A double-staining technique was used, and the occurrence and distribution of lymphocytes showing down-regulation of the zeta chain or @entity1361 were separately registered in different areas of the @entity3 : close to the @entity5 cells in areas of unaffected @entity5 growth, in areas with regressive @entity5 changes, in areas with marked @entity82 and in stromal areas with densely packed lymphocytes. CD3+ zeta lymphocytes were found in all @entity3 , but their number and distribution varied considerably. Down-regulation of the zeta chain was most often found in areas of regressive changes. In contrast, T lymphocytes infiltrating close to the @entity5 cells had a stronger expression of the zeta chain (P = 0.016). Down-regulation was also found in stromal areas of densely packed lymphocytes and in areas of @entity82 . The pattern of down-regulation of @entity1361 in various subsets of lymphocytes was similar to that of zeta chain. The same pattern of down-regulation of @entity1361 and the zeta chain was found in both untreated and treated @entity1 , indicating that the down-regulation is not due to treatment but to the release of immunosuppressor factors from areas with high @entity5 cell density or extensive destruction of @entity5 cells. These results concur well with the view that @entity3027 treatment can result in immune-mediated @entity5 cell destruction early in the treatment period and that this immune response to the @entity5 can be followed by immunosuppression within a few weeks.

title: On down-regulation of the immune response to metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete eradication of the tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: A 26 year old @entity1 was admitted with @entity12967 wounds to his chest, abdomen and right loin. He was noted to have a large haemothorax, a tender abdomen and frank haematuria. At laparotomy, there was a small non expanding retroperitoneal haematoma that was not explored, and no visceral damage. Post operatively he continued to have haematuria. IVP and ultrasound showed perirenal haematoma and clot in the upper pole calyces but was otherwise normal. Renal arteriography demonstrated a pseudo- @entity439 in the right mid region, feeding an arteriovenous @entity292 (Figure 1). @entity8 with spring occlusion coils was performed which occluded the branch supplying the false @entity439 and @entity292 (Figure 2). He had no further haematuria. At six month follow up he remained well, normotensive and with no haematuria. Isotope renogram showed 30% loss of function at the upper pole.

title: Management of XXXX wounds by arteriographic embolisation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Selective renal artery embolisation']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['multiple stab']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal stab']


abstract: To assess the long-term cardiac status after surgical closure of an @entity118 ( @entity118 ) at a young age, 104 of 135 @entity1 who consecutively underwent surgery (aged 0 to 14 years) at 1 institution between 1968 and 1980 participated in a follow-up study and underwent a complete cardiologic examination. Mean follow-up was 14.5 +/- 2.8 years. Most @entity1 (87%) believed their health to be good or very good. At physical examination, all @entity1 were in good health. Ninety-three @entity1 (89%) were in sinus rhythm. Echocardiography showed that @entity1001 was present in 27 @entity1 (26%), 2 of whom had a residual @entity118 . Bicycle ergometry revealed that 88 @entity1 (88%) had a normal exercise capacity. Both supraventricular and @entity943 were observed in 67% of @entity1 by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography, but only 3 (3%) had received antiarrhythmic medication, and 4 (4%) had needed a pacemaker. In the group of @entity1 with @entity1001 , the exercise capacity and prevalence of @entity943 did not differ significantly from those in the group with a normal sized right ventricule. The outcome in @entity1 with a secundum-type @entity118 was not different from that of those with a sinus venosus-type @entity118 . The finding of anatomic, functional or electrophysiologic abnormalities was not associated with a longer duration of follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term follow-up (9 to 20 years) after surgical closure of XXXX at a young age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilatation']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: As more effective therapies prolong the lives of @entity1 with @entity1577 , there are now more @entity1 in this population diagnosed with @entity409 . @entity2835 is not a rare complication of @entity1577 . It is diagnosed in 20% of @entity1 with @entity1577 ; in 2% it is accompanied by @entity101 . On average @entity1 with @entity101 and its complications are 12 years old. Liver transplantation is an accepted method of treatment for @entity1 with @entity1577 and @entity101 . It eliminates the cause of the @entity101 , decreases life-threatening medical conditions, and improves their nutritional status and quality of life. Despite immunosuppressive treatment they do not seem to beat increased risk of @entity1729 . On the contrary improved respiratory function and status are generally observed. We present our first case of orthotopic liver transplantation performed in a 29-year-old @entity1 with @entity1577 . The donor was a 42-year-old @entity1 who died of a @entity1756 . The surgery was performed in September 2004. The @entity1 received immunosuppression based on @entity230 , basiliximab, @entity1140 , and @entity3442 due to @entity177 . Antibiotic (meropenem) and antiviral prophylaxis ( @entity4540 ) were used. A 6-month period of observation confirmed the clinical data from the pediatric population-a good prognosis with improved nutritional status, respiratory function, and quality of life.

title: @entity2835 secondary to XXXX : a rare indication for liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['gancyclovir']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['mucoviscidosis', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: The aquaporins represent a family of transmembrane water channel proteins that are widely distributed in various tissues throughout the body and play a major role in transcellular and transepithelial water movement. Most @entity5 have been shown to exhibit high vascular permeability and high interstitial fluid pressure, but the transport pathways for water within @entity5 remain unknown. In this study, we examined the distribution of the @entity6095 ( @entity6095 ) water channel protein in several types of transplanted @entity5 . Two mammary @entity189 , MCaIV and R3230AC, and three @entity463 , HGL21, U87, and F98, were implanted in @entity35 and @entity19 . Two sites of implantation in rodents were chosen: a cranial window (CW) region and a subcutaneous (SC) region. Tissues were studied using immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. In the mammary @entity189 , @entity6095 was localized in vascular structures; no differences between CW and SC regions were observed. Among the three @entity463 , HGL21 and U87 exhibited similar @entity6095 localization in vascular structures, whereas the center of F98 did not show vascular staining. Cell membranes of normal epithelial cells did not show @entity6095 expression, while membranes of most @entity5 cells exhibited significant @entity6095 expression. Interestingly, however, HGL21 and F98 in the CW locations showed no @entity6095 expression on @entity5 cell membranes. These results show that the @entity6095 water channel is heterogeneously expressed in @entity5 cells and their vasculature, and that the level of expression is determined not only by the specific cellular origin of the @entity5 , but also by the location of the @entity5 in the host animal.

title: @entity6095 ) expression and distribution in mammary @entity189 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study explores the prevalence of @entity158 in chronic @entity74 ( @entity74 ). DESIGN: Forty-seven @entity1 with chronic @entity74 were scheduled for medial branch blocks of the cervical spine. METHODS: The @entity1 's localization of the @entity158 together with established @entity158 maps guided to the first level of zygapophyseal joint to be tested. The joint was anesthetized by injecting @entity1341 (0.5   ml; 5   mg/ml) to the medial branches of the cervical dorsal rami above and below the joint. If a positive response was noted, the schedule continued with a double-blinded sequence with a placebo (saline) and @entity1341 . If a negative response was noted, other joint levels were anesthetized until all joints from C2 to C7 were tested. The responses were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) in a predefined protocol.The study was carried through with a definition of a positive response to a diagnostic block as a VAS decrease   >= 50% compared with baseline during a minimum of 3   hours after the block. All other responses were regarded as negative. The data were also analyzed using a definition of a positive response as a VAS decrease   >= 80%, and figures from this analysis are presented as the main result of the study. RESULTS: The study yielded 29% true positive responders, 60% non-responders, and 11% placebo responders. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial amount of @entity1 with chronic @entity74 have their persistent @entity158 emanating from cervical zygapophyseal joints.

title: Chronic XXXX ( @entity74 ): Responses to Nerve Blocks of Cervical Zygapophyseal Joints.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WAD', 'Whiplash Associated Disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facet joint pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Whiplash Associated Disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether strains positive for extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) affected the clinical course and progression to @entity1069 in @entity1 with postbiopsy acute @entity1069 . METHODS: From 2002 to 2011, 3657 @entity1 underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate, and 33 @entity1 with acute @entity1069 were enrolled. @entity1069 was defined as a @entity221 greater than 38  C, @entity4658 , and @entity925 on digital rectal examination. Urine and blood cultures were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Laboratory and clinical variables according to the presence of ESBL were analyzed. RESULTS: Blood or urine culture was positive in 23 @entity1 . The most common strain was @entity526 . Sixteen @entity1 showed ESBL-positive and 18 @entity1 were @entity1536 -resistant. Thirteen of 16 @entity1 with ESBL-positive strains showed @entity1536 resistance, and 13 of 18 @entity1 with @entity1536 resistance were ESBL-positive (P  = .621). Besides imipenem, all ESBL-positive @entity1 were susceptible to @entity4509 and were highly susceptible to @entity3398 and @entity115 / @entity798 . The prevalence of ESBL-positive strains has tended to increase since 2006. @entity1 with ESBL had higher peak @entity221 , white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and longer duration of @entity221 and hospitalization. The progression rate to @entity1069 was significantly higher in ESBL-positive @entity1 (4/16 vs 0/17, P  = .044). CONCLUSION: Since 2006, ESBL strains have been increasing, and the presence of ESBL showed more detrimental effects on the clinical course of the @entity1 , resulting in a higher rate of progression to @entity1069 .

title: Positive culture for extended-spectrum b-lactamase during acute XXXX after prostate biopsy is a risk factor for progression to @entity1069 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['chronic prostatitis', 'Acute prostatitis', 'prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatitis']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) is widely viewed as an environmental hazard. Its major metabolite, @entity22292 , is a currently used medicine. Regulation of @entity4966 is based on a linear extrapolation from effects of high doses in rodents to risks for @entity1 at low doses. However, metabolic, toxicologic, and epidemiologic data on @entity4965 and @entity22292 as well as water chlorination studies call this approach into question. The mechanism of carcinogenesis of @entity4966 and @entity22292 in rodents is nonlinear: very high doses, sufficient to cause cellular @entity39 , are necessary. Malignancy arises from repeated cycles of @entity39 and regeneration with the ultimate emergence of @entity1373 and then @entity5 . Metabolites of @entity4966 , @entity2804 and @entity13085 , mediate this toxic effect of @entity4966 . These @entity48591 also induce similar lesions in rodents given high doses of the medicine, @entity22292 . @entity1 epidemiologic data show no increase in mortality or @entity5 from substantial chronic exposure to @entity4965 . Chlorination of drinking water produces much higher levels of @entity48591 than could be obtained from metabolizing @entity4966 under current regulations. We conclude that the assumptions underlying current regulations are not applicable to @entity4966 . Instead of a straight-line extrapolation model, a threshold model may be more appropriate. The data suggest that it is possible to increase substantially the allowable @entity4965 in drinking water without increasing health hazards.

title: Have animal data been used inappropriately to estimate risks to XXXX from environmental @entity4965 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity48591 :: ('MESH:D062845', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroacetic acids']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral hydrate']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene', 'Trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity13085 :: ('MESH:D003999', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: Essential @entity400 is one of the most common @entity717 in the world. Although millions of @entity1 worldwide are affected by ET, only one medication, @entity1169 , is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat it. None of the medications currently used as ET therapy were developed specifically for this purpose, and select antihypertensive and antiepileptic medications remain at the forefront of ET therapy. @entity1169 and @entity8821 are considered "effective" agents that treat ET; @entity1771 , @entity2165 , and @entity1401 are "probably effective", and @entity3931 , @entity5894 , and @entity2053 are "possibly effective". Medications that probably do not adequately treat ET include @entity4677 and pregabalin. Gabapentin appears to improve ET when used as monotherapy, but not when used as adjunct therapy. @entity2778 has been found to be "probably effective" in treating ET in previous reviews, but it may be associated with @entity943 and should not be routinely recommended. Botulinum toxin A may reduce limb @entity400 , but may cause dose dependent weakness. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the @entity2277 is used as an alternative to pharmacological therapy of ET in @entity1 who fail to adequately respond to medical therapy. The magnitude of effect from DBS is greater than from medical management, but more severe side effects are possible with surgery. Future treatment options for ET will depend on valid animal models, and a better understanding of its pathophysiology.

title: Update on treatment of essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity8821 :: ('MESH:D011324', 'Chemical') :: ['primidone']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: This paper aims to remind paediatric clinicians to suspect and confirm 'PFAPA' syndrome ( @entity221 , @entity7809 , @entity7551 and cervical @entity3298 ). We report two cases of @entity751 : a 3-year-old healthy @entity1 with @entity2490 and a @entity1 aged 8 years 5 months who simultaneously had @entity1333 treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Both met Marshall's criteria. The literature regarding @entity751 was complied using a Medline search for articles published between 1963 and 1998 and we then reviewed the reference lists of the articles. The Medline search revealed 28 cases with available clinical manifestations, management and prognosis. Our study describes two additional cases. We divided the cases into typical (28 cases) and atypical (two cases) @entity751 . In typical PFAPA, the age of onset was less than 5 years in most cases and the @entity1 presented 4.9 +/- 1.4 days of fever (100%), @entity7551 (89.3%), cervical @entity3298 (72.1%), @entity3136 (71.4%), malaise (64.3%), @entity10 (60.7%), @entity490 (53.6%) and @entity390 / @entity391 (17.9%). Afebrile intervals were 3.2 +/- 2.4 months and increased with age. The time from initial onset to final episode was 3 years 7 months +/- 3 years 6 months. The total number of episodes was 8.3 +/- 2.5 (range 6-14). Effective treatment included @entity230 , tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy and @entity4444 . The general outcome was good. In atypical PFAPF, the clinical manifestations were similar to those of typical PFAPA except that the age of onset was more than 5 years, and life-threatening intestinal perforation happened once in a @entity1 with underlying @entity11807 . It was concluded that typical @entity751 is benign and can be diagnosed by detailed history-taking and from physical findings during repeated febrile episodes with tests to rule out other @entity221 . A review of the literatures since the first report in 1987 has shown that typical @entity751 is not associated with significant long-term sequelae and has a good response to @entity230 . One @entity1 with atypical PFAPA, who received low-dose @entity230 for over 1 year, developed intestinal perforation after an increment of the 7-day @entity134 dose. If an underlying problem requires long-term immunosuppressive medication, it is wiser to choose @entity4444 rather than increasing the @entity134 dosage to resolve atypical PFAPA.

title: @entity751 ( @entity221 , @entity7809 , XXXX , @entity3298 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['Adenitis syndrome', 'adenitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic vasculitis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['Aphthous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis', 'Pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['atopic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['PFAPA syndrome']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Periodic Fever', 'periodic fever syndromes']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ["Fanconi's anaemia"]

answer: @entity7551 :: (MESH:D010612,Disease) :: ['Pharyngitis']