abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of biphasic insulin aspart ( @entity14184 ) (30% soluble, 70% protaminated insulin aspart [IAsp]) and insulin glargine (IGlarg) were compared. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 took part in two 24-h isoglycaemic clamp studies, 1 week apart. @entity1 were randomised to treatment with 0.5 U/kg of @entity14184 (0.25 U/kg at 08.30 h and 0.25 U/kg at 20.30 h) or 0.50 U/kg IGlarg at 08.30 h. Both insulins were given by subcutaneous injection into the anterior abdominal wall. The plasma @entity413 , @entity413 infusion rates, plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured. RESULTS: All 12 @entity1 were @entity1 ; mean (+/-SD) age was 58.8 (8.9) years, BMI 31.0 (3.0) kg/m2 and HbA(1c) 7.1 (0.6)%. Plasma @entity413 was constant throughout the 24-h clamp period. After each injection of @entity14184 , @entity413 infusion rates increased, reaching a distinct peak approximately 3-5 h after injection. A much flatter postinjection profile was observed following IGlarg administration. Plasma insulin concentrations rose rapidly after each injection of @entity14184 , reaching a distinct peak after approximately 2-3 h. A flatter plasma insulin profile reached a plateau approximately 6-16 h after IGlarg administration. Plasma C-peptide fell below baseline after both injections of @entity14184 but remained unaltered after IGlarg injection. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles were 34 and 28%, respectively, higher following equivalent doses (0.5 U/kg) of @entity14184 given as two split doses than following IGlarg given as a single daily dose.

title: Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of biphasic insulin aspart and insulin glargine in XXXX with type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous study has suggested that @entity14320 DN-173 010 shortens the colonic transit time in @entity1 . AIM: To confirm this effect and to determine whether modifications of the faecal bacterial mass and/or faecal secondary @entity3645 may be the explanation. METHODS: A double-blind, cross-over study was performed. Thirty-six healthy @entity1 were studied in four consecutive 10-day periods. During periods 2 and 4, they ingested three 125 g cups per day of a fermented milk which was either a product containing @entity14320 DN-173 010 or a control without bifidobacteria. Periods 1 and 3 were run-in and washout periods, respectively. The total and segmental colonic transit times were assessed using a pellet method. In 12 subjects, all stools were collected and analysed for pH, faecal weight, bacterial mass and @entity3645 . RESULTS: The total and sigmoid transit times were significantly shorter during dosing with @entity14320 compared to the control period. The other transit times, faecal weight, pH, bacterial mass and @entity3645 were not significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14320 DN-173 010 shortens the colonic transit time in healthy @entity1 . This effect is not explained by modifications of the faecal bacterial mass or secondary @entity3645 .

title: XXXX DN-173 010 shortens the colonic transit time in healthy @entity1 : a double-blind, randomized, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity14320 :: ('28025', 'Species') :: ['B. animalis', 'Bifidobacterium animalis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts', 'bile acids']

answer: @entity14320 :: (28025,Species) :: ['Bifidobacterium animalis strain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As many studies revealed that oxidative stress due to the imbalance of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity is related with pathologic processes such as @entity65 , @entity6 , as well as aging and @entity28 , the relationship between lifestyle and oxidative stress has recently gained much medical attention. However, little information exists on the effects of lifestyle on ROS in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effects of lifestyle on free @entity26 radical levels in @entity1 and @entity1 in Korea. METHODS: A total of 138 adults participated in this study from September 2007 to June 2010 at a health promotion center and department of family medicine. Information on the lifestyle of each @entity1 was obtained by questionnaire. Biochemical markers and a free @entity26 radical test (FORT) were also measured. RESULTS: The average age was 47.28    10.85 years and 79.7% were male. High sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP; r = 0.418, P = 0.012), @entity1674 (r = -0.243, P = 0.008), hemoglobin (r = -0.445, P < 0.001), total protein (r = 0.210, P = 0.036), @entity1011 (r = -0.294, P = 0.001), fruit intake per day (P = 0.047), and smoking (P = 0.003) were related to the FORT levels in univariate analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hs-CRP (P = 0.039) was an independent predictor of serum FORT values. This statistical model can explain 78% of the variance in FORT values. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that hs-CRP showed a statistically significant positive association with FORT values. Further studies on the relationship between lifestyle and antioxidant capacity as well as ROS seem to be warranted to evaluate the overall effect of oxidative stress.

title: Assessment of lifestyle effects on the levels of free XXXX radicals in the korean population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many procedures have been described for surgical treatment of symptomatic @entity24070 . Dorsal cheilectomy of the metatarsophalangeal joint combined with a dorsal-based closing wedge osteotomy of the proximal phalanx (i.e., Moberg procedure) has been described as an effective procedure. For @entity1 with @entity24070 and clinically significant @entity4553 interphalangeus, the authors previously described a dorsal cheilectomy combined with a biplanar closing wedge osteotomy of the proximal phalanx, combining a Moberg osteotomy with an Akin osteotomy. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical results of this procedure. METHODS: This article is a retrospective review of prospectively gathered data that reports the clinical and radiographic results of dorsal cheilectomy combined with a biplanar oblique closing wedge proximal phalanx osteotomy (i.e., Moberg-Akin procedure) for @entity1 with symptomatic @entity24070 and @entity4553 interphalangeus. Consecutive @entity1 were followed and evaluated for clinical and radiographic healing, satisfaction, and ultimate need for additional procedure(s). Thirty-five feet in 34 @entity1 underwent the procedure. RESULTS: All osteotomies healed. At an average of 22.5 months of follow-up, 90% of @entity1 reported good or excellent results, with @entity158 relief, improved function, and fewer shoe wear limitations following this procedure. @entity4553 and hallux interphalangeal angles were radiographically improved. Other than one @entity1 who requested hardware removal, no @entity1 required additional surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Dorsal cheilectomy combined with a Moberg-Akin procedure was an effective and durable procedure with minimal morbidity in @entity1 with @entity24070 combined with @entity4553 interphalangeus.

title: Biplanar proximal phalanx closing wedge osteotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24070 :: ('MESH:D020859', 'Disease') :: ['hallux rigidus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus', 'Hallux valgus']

answer: @entity24070 :: (MESH:D020859,Disease) :: ['hallux rigidus']


abstract: Several methods for enumeration of Fc receptor bearing T lymphocytes and mononuclear cells from @entity1 peripheral blood were compared. The detection of Fc receptors is based on the formation of EA rosettes by using @entity291 erythrocytes and purified rabbit IgG or IgM antibodies. As alternative method the mixed rosette assay (EA rosettes plus @entity742 erythrocyte rosettes) (3) was applied for determining TG lymphocytes without the need of T cell separation. Independent of the method used for T cell separation (preparative rosetting with @entity742 erythrocytes stabilized by AET or HSA) the number of TG and TM lymphocytes was found to be identical. TG values obtained by use of the mixed rosette assay were significant lower (10 +/- 2%) than those obtained with the classical test (18 +/- 5%) (EA rosettes after T cell separation). Obviously this difference is due to a contamination of T lymphocyte preparations by non-T cells. On freshly isolated T lymphocytes without overnight culture we obtained 29% and 35%, respectively TM lymphocytes after separation of T cells using @entity742 erythrocyte rosettes stabilized with AET or HSA. The expression of FcIgM receptors was found to be strongly dependent on the composition and pH value of the culture medium. In the presence of human @entity12440 serum the maximum of FcIgM receptor expression on isolated T cells was obtained at pH 8.5. Under optimum conditions we found 63% and 66% respectively TM lymphocytes after T cell separation using AET or HSA stabilized @entity742 erythrocytes.

title: [Fc-IgG and Fc-IgM receptor-carrying lymphocytes in XXXX blood. Optimization of determining T(M) lymphocytes].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity8 is a recently recognized entity that is characterized by massive accumulation of collagen fibrils in the mesangial and subendothelial areas, and an elevated serum level of procollagen III peptide (PIIIP). We report the first case of a @entity8 @entity1 who received a kidney transplantation. She received the kidney transplantation at the age of 18 years and the post-operative course was uneventful with good renal function on immunosuppression, which consisted of @entity1667 , @entity1140 and basiliximab. Although urinary protein was negative, the serum level of PIIIP gradually elevated which suggests new collagen production in the graft. These findings indicate that the recipient had a systemic factor that stimulated collagen production. To investigate the prognosis of @entity8 , we carried out a questionnaire survey on 14 @entity1 at 9 hospitals. None of these @entity1 had received a kidney transplantation. However, 7 already had @entity454 . Ten years after diagnosis, the renal survival rate was 49%. This rate is lower than cited in previous reports.

title: [Favorable course of XXXX after kidney transplantation and questionnaire survey about the prognosis of @entity8 ].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy', 'collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate various approaches to the grading of @entity5 in pre-treatment biopsies from @entity1 with supraglottic @entity957 . The prospects of objective @entity5 grading based on stereological estimation of the volume-weighted mean nuclear volume, nuclear Vv, and nuclear volume fraction, Vv( @entity28558 /tis), along with morphometrical 2-dimensional estimation of nuclear density index, NI, and mitotic activity index, MI, were investigated and compared with the current morphological, multifactorial grading system. The reproducibility among two observers of the latter was poor in the material which consisted of 35 biopsy specimens. Unbiased estimates of nuclear Vv were on the average 385 microns3 (CV = 0.44), with more than 90% of the associated variance attributable to differences in nuclear Vv among individual lesions. Nuclear Vv was positively correlated with MI, negatively with NI, whereas no correlation with Vv( @entity28558 /tis) was found. No relationship between nuclear Vv and the morphologically interpreted degree of nuclear dedifferentiation was demonstrated. Nuclear Vv showed no differences between lesions in different clinical T-stage of disease. None of the investigated categorical and quantitative parameters (cutoff points = means) reached the level of significance with respect to prognostic value. However, nuclear Vv showed the best information concerning survival (2p = 0.08), and this estimator offers optimal features for objective @entity5 grading. Further analyses of larger series of @entity1 are needed to establish the prognostic value of nuclear Vv for objective @entity5 grading of supraglottic @entity957 .

title: Stereological estimation of nuclear volume and other quantitative histopathological parameters in the prognostic evaluation of supraglottic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The solid and @entity5 (also called pancreatic @entity5 ) is a very rare @entity5 of the @entity788 , which we meet mainly in younger @entity1 . The @entity5 was described for the first time in 1981 and since that time there were published more than 150 cases. It is a matter of a potentially @entity5 with low malign characteristics. By radical exstirpation most of the @entity1 can be healed definitely. Long-term controls are yet necessary although recidives are rare (4-7%), but are described up to 10 years after the first treatment. Also singular cases with synchronous metastasis of the liver are mentioned. Except of abdominal volume increase the @entity5 gives little trouble. The diagnosis is placed with ultrasonography resp. with a computer-tomogram and ensured by needle cytology. The therapy consists in the radical exstirpation with resection of the left @entity788 in case of location on the left side, with Whipple operation in case of localisation in the head of the @entity788 .

title: [Solid and cystic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic tumor of the pancreas', 'malign tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Platelets partake in hemostasis, wound healing, and @entity5 growth. Although platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) has been used in surgery for several years, its mechanism of action and application methods are still poorly characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single unit of @entity1 platelets obtained by plateletpheresis was diluted in plasma and divided into three equal volumes. One volume was stored at room temperature as fresh platelets ( @entity138 ), another volume was frozen by storage at -80 degrees C (FZ), and the third volume was frozen at -80 degrees C with 6% @entity3733 ( @entity26216 ). Plasma (PL) was used as control. Using flow cytometry, platelets were tested for platelet glycoprotein GPIb and @entity10440 binding, as survival and activation markers, respectively. Hemostatic function was assessed by thromboelastometry. In vivo, platelets were topically applied on 1 cm,(2) full-thickness wounds on db/db @entity19 (n = 10/group) and healing was staged microscopically and macroscopically. RESULTS: All platelet preparations showed hemostatic ability. @entity138 platelets were GPIb positive (nonactivated-quiescent platelets) and stimulated angiogenesis by threefold, and cell proliferation by fourfold in vivo. FZ platelets were positive for @entity10440 , indicating activated platelets and, in vivo, increased only wound granulation. @entity26216 platelets contained 30% nonactivated-quiescent and 50% activated platelets and stimulated granulation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and promoted re-epithelialization in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Platelets showed distinct mechanisms to induce hemostasis and wound healing. Quiescent platelets are required to induce angiogenesis in vivo. Platelets stored at room temperature and frozen with 6% @entity3733 and stored at -80 degrees C achieved optimal wound healing in @entity6 @entity19 .

title: Quiescent platelets stimulate angiogenesis and XXXX wound repair.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity1426 (AA) is the precursor molecule of a variety of cellular lipid mediators that interact with retinal physiology. In this study, we investigated the time- and illuminance-dependence of the release of AA in the @entity35 retina in vitro in control and @entity1091 -pretreated @entity35 . We also studied the effects of the specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor @entity3543 and the specific PLA2 stimulator @entity3348 on the release of AA. Isolated @entity35 retinas were labelled with 3H-AA for 90 min in vitro in darkness and the incorporation of AA into retinal phospholipids was monitored by thin-layer chromatography. The release of 3H-AA in the incubation medium was determined under different illuminance and timing conditions, with the addition of @entity3543 and @entity3348 , and after pretreatment of the animals with @entity1091 . Light exposure of the prelabelled isolated retinas evoked up to a two-fold increase in AA release compared with retinas incubated for the same time in darkness. The AA release was dependent on illuminance time (10,000 1x white fluorescent light for 0.25, 2, 5 and 10 min) and illuminance level (0, 100, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 1x for 10 min). Complete rhodopsin bleaching occurred after 2 min at 10,000 1x. @entity3543 significantly suppressed the light-elicited AA release whereas @entity3348 increased the release of AA in dark-adapted and light-exposed retinas. @entity1091 pretreatment, which is known to potentiate light-evoked rod outer segment disruptions, significantly augmented the light-evoked AA release. Our results confirm a light-stimulated release of AA in the retina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Light-evoked @entity1426 release in the retina: illuminance/duration dependence and the effects of XXXX , @entity3348 and @entity1091 . Light-evoked @entity1426 release.

entities_list: @entity3348 :: ('MESH:D008555', 'Chemical') :: ['mellitin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine', 'Quinacrine']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

answer: @entity3543 :: (MESH:D011796,Chemical) :: ['quinacrine']


abstract: In @entity3243 removed from @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ), @entity1373 and @entity652 cannot be distinguished from one another by light microscopy when only one gland is available for examination. When a second gland is available, it is necessary to establish whether it is normal, suppressed, or @entity5072 . This distinction may be difficult, and the main criterion is the amount of cytoplasmic lipid in the parenchymal cells. If the lipid is abundant, the gland is considered normal or suppressed, and if it is scanty, the gland is interpreted as @entity5072 . We have performed a morphometric ultrastructural study to test the reliability of this criterion. Twenty-five @entity1412 removed from @entity1 with @entity459 , when compared with glands of normal size from euparathyroid @entity1 , showed a significant increase in the parameters indicative of metabolic activity, namely the size of the Golgi apparatus, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the length of plasmalemmas. In addition, the amount of cytoplasmic lipid was significantly reduced. Furthermore, 25 glands of normal size removed from the same @entity1 with @entity459 showed an amount of lipid similar to that of normal glands from euparathyroid @entity1 . However, all the parameters indicative of metabolic activity were significantly higher than those in glands from euparathyroid @entity1 and comparable to those found in @entity1412 . These results suggest that in @entity459 , normal-size glands are as active as @entity1412 , regardless of a higher lipid content.

title: @entity3243 in XXXX : an ultrastructural morphometric study of 25 cases.

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['pHPT', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous glands']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid glands']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: An autopsy was performed in 460 consecutive cases of @entity944 among 35- to 76-year-old @entity1 . The closest cohabiting individual known to each decreased subject was interviewed. Snoring history was obtained in 321 of the 371 interviews. In 86 cases there was a history of 'habitual' (almost always or always) snoring, and 88 @entity1 snored 'often'. The mean age of subjects was 55.4 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.3 kg m-2. Among the @entity28 snorers (n = 82), apnoeas had been observed 'occasionally', 'often', or 'habitually' in 49 cases. Death was classified as cardiovascular in 186 (40.4%) cases. Cardiovascular cause of @entity204 was more common among those who snored habitually or often than among those who snored occasionally or never (P less than 0.05). 'Habitual' snorers died more often while sleeping (P less than 0.05). Habitual snoring was found to be a risk factor for morning @entity204 (P less than 0.01). The possibility of @entity27 as a cause of @entity944 should at least be considered if the decreased is known to have been a habitual snorer.

title: XXXX and sleeping history among Finnish @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To decipher the molecular mechanisms down-regulating @entity36035 expression in @entity571 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: The functional activity of different @entity36035 promoter regions was assessed by luciferase reporter assay. Tandem mass spectrometry coupled to protein sequencing was performed using nuclear extracts prepared from @entity571 chondrocytes, in order to identify proteins bound to DNA regulatory elements. Expression analyses of selected candidate proteins were performed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry methods, using cartilage sections and articular chondrocytes from non- @entity571 control subjects and @entity1 with @entity571 . Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were performed in normal and @entity571 chondrocytes, respectively, to study their effects on @entity36035 regulation. The results were validated by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in STR/Ort @entity19 , a well-known animal model of @entity571 . RESULTS: @entity36035 promoter analyses led to the identification of prohibitin 1 (PHB1) bound to a distal E2F1 transcription factor site. Aberrant accumulation of PHB1 was detected in the nuclei of @entity571 articular chondrocytes, and overexpression of PHB1 in control cells was sufficient to inhibit endogenous @entity36035 expression at the messenger RNA and protein levels. Conversely, knockdown of PHB1 in @entity571 articular chondrocytes resulted in up-regulation of @entity36035 . Studies of early molecular changes in STR/Ort @entity19 revealed a similar nuclear accumulation of PHB1, which correlated with @entity36035 repression. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these data define an unrecognized role for PHB1 in repressing @entity36035 expression in @entity571 chondrocytes.

title: Nuclear accumulation of prohibitin 1 in osteoarthritic chondrocytes down-regulates XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity36035 :: (18740(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PITX1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In clinical practice, @entity1 with @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) are monitored by measurement of venous packed cell volume ( @entity1485 ). However, whereas treatment recommendations are still based upon studies in which the results were obtained with the centrifuged microhaematocrit, currently in most instances automated blood cell counters are used to calculate @entity1485 . In a group of @entity1 with @entity11998 we therefore compared the results obtained by the microhaematocrit method with @entity1485 calculated by haematology analysers. DESIGN: The study was carried out on a prospective basis. Duplicate venous blood samples were collected. The centrifuged microhaemotocrit was obtained by using an IEC Micro-MB Centrifuge. Depending on different routine methods used in the participating hospitals, the blood cell counter @entity1485 was calculated using Coulter STKS, Bayer Technicon H2 or H3. SETTING: @entity1 were included from four Swedish university hospitals: Akademiska (Uppsala), Huddinge and Karolinska (Stockholm) and Sahlgrenska (G  teborg). SUBJECTS: Seventy-four @entity1 with @entity4406 and 10 @entity1 with secondary @entity11998 were included and a total of 150 duplicate blood samples were analysed from these subjects. RESULTS: In the 150 measurements the mean blood cell counter calculated @entity1485 was 0.448 +/- 0.037; the mean for centrifuged microhaematocrit was 0.467 +/- 0. 037 and the difference between means was highly significant (P = 6.8 x 10-25). The means for centrifuged haematocrit and calculated @entity1485 differed significantly in the groups of @entity4406 @entity1 treated with phlebotomy only, @entity1862 or radiophosphorous (P < 0.0001, respectively). In @entity4406 @entity1 treated with alpha-interferon and in @entity1 with secondary @entity11998 the difference in means did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07 and P = 0.13, respectively). The groups of @entity1 with MCV <80 fL and >/=80 fL both presented significant differences between means for calculated @entity1485 and centrifuged haematocrit. CONCLUSIONS: If @entity4406 @entity1 are monitored with blood cell counter calculated @entity1485 it appears that the therapeutic goal should be to maintain the calculated @entity1485 below 0.43, provided the local differences in calculated @entity1485 and centrifuged haematocrit are of the same magnitude as in this study.

title: The measurement of venous haematocrit in XXXX with @entity4406 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'polycythaemia vera']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of @entity518 on the @entity9961 expression and proliferation of esophageal squamous @entity5 cells as well as its possible mechanism. METHODS: A cassette encoding siRNA targeting @entity518 mediated by rAAV was constructed, the rAAV-siHMGB1-hrGFP, and a vector encoding siRNA mismatching @entity518 was constructed, the rAAV-miHMGB1-hrGFP. This experiment in vitro included three groups, namely, the blank control group (group A) of @entity1 cells transfected by rAAV-hrGFP, negative mismatch control group (group B) of @entity1 cells transfected with rAAV-miHMGB1-hrGFP, and RNA interference group (group C) of @entity1 cells transfected with rAAV-siHMGB1-hrGFP. We examined the expression of @entity518 mRNA and protein in the three group cells by real-time PCR and Western blot after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Then, @entity9961 expression and cell proliferation in the three group cells with or without sRAGE, as an inhibitor of @entity5764 signal pathway, were assayed by ELISA and @entity98 after 24 h. RESULTS: The expression of @entity518 mRNA and protein in @entity1 cells in vitro in the group C transfected with rAAV-siHMGB1-hrGFP at the final concentration of 2 10(6) v.g/cell was significantly lower than that of the group A or B after 24 h and 48 h (P < 0.01). The @entity9961 expression of @entity1 cells was (502.43    13.10) pg/ml in the group C, significantly reduced in comparison with that of the group A (686.40    10.94) pg/ml or group B (682.31    9.61) pg/ml after 24 h (P < 0.05). At the same time, the proliferation of @entity1 cells in the group C was significantly inhibited compared with that of groups A and B after 24 h (P < 0.01). Moreover, sRAGE at the final concentration of 0.2   g/ml inhibited the @entity9961 expression and proliferation of @entity1 cells compared with the corresponding group without sRAGE after 24 h (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of the @entity9961 expression and proliferation of @entity1 cells with sRAGE in the group C compared with that of cells with sRAGE of the group A or group B after 24 h (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1721 , @entity518 can promote the @entity9961 expression and proliferation of the @entity5 cells through @entity5764 signal pathway, and @entity518 - @entity5764 may become a potential target for cell proliferation and lymph node @entity3 of this @entity5 .

title: [Effect of @entity518 on the @entity9961 expression and proliferation of esophageal squamous XXXX cells].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individuals with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are reported to allocate less spontaneous attention to @entity1740 . Here, we investigated how vocal sounds are processed in @entity72 adults, when those sounds are attended. @entity1 were asked to react as fast as possible to target stimuli (either @entity1740 or strings) while ignoring distracting stimuli. Response times (RTs) were measured. Results showed that, similar to neurotypical (NT) adults, @entity72 adults were faster to recognize @entity1740 compared to strings. Surprisingly, @entity72 adults had even shorter RTs for @entity1740 than the NT adults, suggesting a @entity1740 process. To investigate the acoustic underpinnings of this effect, we created auditory chimeras that retained only the temporal or the spectral features of @entity1740 . For the NT group, no @entity138 advantage was found for the chimeras compared to strings: both sets of features had to be present to observe an @entity138 advantage. However, for the @entity72 group, shorter RTs were observed for both chimeras. These observations indicate that the previously observed attentional deficit to @entity1740 in @entity72 individuals could be due to a failure to combine acoustic features, even though such features may be well represented at a sensory level.

title: Fast response to @entity1 XXXX in autism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['faster voice recognition', 'voices']

answer: @entity1740 :: (MESH:D014832,Disease) :: ['voices']


abstract: DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). NHEJ in @entity375 chromosomes has been observed only when HR is blocked, as in @entity9871 mutants or in the absence of a homologous repair template. We detected @entity13564 -dependent imprecise NHEJ at a frequency of approximately 0.1% in HR-competent Rad+ haploid cells. Interestingly, @entity13564 mutation increased DSB-induced HR between direct repeats by 1.3-fold in a haploid strain and by 1.5-fold in a MAT homozygous (a/a) diploid, but @entity13564 had no effect on HR in a MAT heterozygous (a/alpha) diploid. @entity13564 might increase HR because it eliminates the competing precise NHEJ (religation) pathway and/or because @entity13564 interferes directly or indirectly with HR. Despite the @entity13564 -dependent increase in a/a cells, HR remained 2-fold lower than in a/alpha cells. Cell survival was also lower in a/a cells and correlated with the reduction in HR. These results indicate that MAT heterozygosity enhances DSB-induced HR by yKu-dependent and -independent mechanisms, with the latter mechanism promoting cell survival. Surprisingly, @entity13564 strains survived a DSB slightly better than wild type. We propose that this reflects enhanced HR, not by elimination of precise NHEJ since this pathway produces viable products, but by elimination of yKu-dependent interference of HR.

title: Homologous recombinational repair of double-strand breaks in XXXX is enhanced by MAT heterozygosity through yKU-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: The aim of the study was the evaluation of results of modified @entity12577 , with use of the Ligasure radiofrequency coagulator, compared to the Milligan-Morgan and Longo techniques. From January 1988 to December 2005, 3011 @entity1 underwent @entity12577 (1849 F, 1162 M; age range: 18 to 84 years). One thousand three hundred @entity1 had previously been treated by medical therapy with poor results and in 225 @entity1 (7.5%) the indication was recurrence after previous surgical treatment. All @entity1 underwent a closed @entity12577 (combined with anoplasty in 28 cases of post- @entity6713 ). Eighty percent of @entity1 were operated on with loco-regional assisted anaesthesia, and the remainder with @entity7908 (cases of recurrence). During the last two years we performed @entity6713 in 116 @entity1 (4%) with the Ligasure radiofrequency coagulator, followed by continuous suturing with Vicryl 4/0. There was no intraoperative mortality. Mean operation time was 25 minutes. @entity260 were @entity548 in 6 @entity1 (0.2%) and acute urinary retention in 9 @entity1 (0.3%). No important complications were observed in any of the @entity1 treated with Ligasure. The hospital stay was 24 hours for 2852 @entity1 , and 36-86 hours in the other 5%. Seventy-two percent of @entity1 (2160) had moderate @entity282 , while 14% (420) had severe @entity282 necessitating repeated administration of analgesics. The 115 @entity1 undergoing Ferguson haemorrhoidectomy plus Ligasure were discharged within 24 hours of surgery. No cases of major domiciliary @entity548 were observed. There were 13 cases of suture dehiscence (none in the Ferguson plus Ligasure group). Five @entity1 presented @entity281 , not requiring surgical drainage, but only medical treatment with local antibiotics. These results, obtained with the modified Ferguson technique, as compared to the classical and even the most innovative hemorrhoidectomy, appear to confirm the feasibility and accuracy of this operation in almost all @entity1 , with both a considerable reduction in costs and enhanced @entity1 comfort and compliance.

title: [ XXXX , modified by using the Ligasure radiofrequency coagulator].

entities_list: @entity12577 :: ('MESH:C536150', 'Disease') :: ['Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['suture infection']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal stenosis', 'hemorrhoidal excision']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity12577 :: (MESH:C536150,Disease) :: ['Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) activation after interaction with implantable surfaces has been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanism of PMN activation in response to expanded @entity736 (ePTFE). METHODS: To demonstrate PMN activation, the cumulative production of @entity224 was measured on uncoated, plasma coated, or albumin coated ePTFE discs. @entity3407 51-labeled PMNs were used to measure binding. Cell structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: By 4 hours, PMN activation on either uncoated or plasma coated ePTFE was approximately 30% of @entity1359 -induced activation. Albumin inhibited PMN activation by ePTFE. No apparent correlation existed between @entity3407 51-labeled PMN binding and cell activation on the surfaces. Pretreatment of the cells with the protein kinase inhibitors @entity30825 or @entity670 resulted in marked inhibition of @entity224 production on the uncoated and plasma coated ePTFE surfaces, whereas binding to these surfaces was not affected. PMNs spread on the uncoated surface and transmigrated into the plasma coated ePTFE surface. These effects of ePTFE on cell structure were inhibited by @entity30825 and @entity670 . CONCLUSIONS: ePTFE induced PMN activation, as measured by @entity224 production, and changes in cell behavior are dependent on the activation of signaling pathways that involve protein phosphorylation events.

title: Neutrophil activation by expanded XXXX is dependent on the induction of protein phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium', 'Chromium']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity30825 :: ('MESH:C088060', 'Chemical') :: ['bisindolylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe two @entity1 who developed an intracranial @entity1410 as a complication of @entity1315 due to @entity778 , and to review the literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: The first @entity1 , a 45-year-old @entity1 developed a @entity75 in the location of the encephalitic lesion on day 9 after the onset of herpes simplex @entity198 (HSE) that required surgical evacuation. The second @entity1 , a 53-year-old @entity1 was being treated for HSE; on day 8 after admission a temporal lobe @entity1410 with midline shift was disclosed due to persistent @entity10 . Both @entity1 survived but were left with sequelae. We conducted a PubMed/MEDLINE search from 1986 to April 2013 on this topic. RESULTS: We have found 20 additional cases reported in the literature and review their characteristics. @entity548 was present on admission in 35% of pooled @entity1 , and consistently involved the area of @entity198 . Clinical presentation of intracranial @entity548 overlapped the encephalitic symptoms in two-thirds of the @entity1 . Half of @entity1 underwent surgery. Overall, mortality rate was low (5.2%), and half of @entity1 fully recovered. CONCLUSIONS: @entity510 , although infrequent, can complicate the evolution of herpes simplex @entity198 and should be borne in mind since its presence may require neurosurgery. Although its presentation may overlap the encephalitic features, the lack of improvement or the worsening of initial symptoms, particularly during the second week of admission, should lead to this suspicion and to perform a neuroimaging study.

title: Intracerebral hematoma complicating herpes simplex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex type 1 virus']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic treatments effectively control @entity548 caused by @entity1161 . The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy and side effects of @entity3503 plasma coagulation in the treatment of this type of @entity548 . METHODS: Records of 21 consecutive @entity1 in whom @entity3503 plasma coagulation was used to treat @entity548 were reviewed. RESULTS: Pharmacologic measures had been unsuccessful in 12 @entity1 . Endoscopic treatment had been unsuccessful in 5 @entity1 . All @entity1 were anemic and 4 had received blood transfusions. The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.7, and 10 @entity1 were successfully treated in single session. @entity548 resolved within 1 month of the last treatment in 19 @entity1 , usually on the day of the last procedure. @entity548 resolved 2 months after cessation of therapy in another @entity1 . Short-term side effects occurred in 3 (14%) @entity1 ( @entity158 , tenesmus, and/or abdominal distention); long-term complications ( @entity158 , tenesmus, @entity294 ) developed in 4 @entity1 (19%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity360 caused by @entity1161 is effectively controlled by @entity3503 plasma coagulation, in some cases after a single treatment session. Treatment may result in protracted bowel symptoms.

title: Efficacy and complications of XXXX plasma coagulation for @entity360 related to @entity1161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy', 'Bleeding', 'bleeding', 'Rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation proctopathy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rectal pain']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Hematochezia']

answer: @entity3503 :: (MESH:D001128,Chemical) :: ['argon']


abstract: @entity5414 of the wrist is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Synovectomy and lavage by arthrotomy is often followed by stiffness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic contribution of emergency arthroscopic synovectomy with intraarticular lavage. Nine @entity1 were operated on for wrist pathology with septic appearance. All had signs of @entity32 , three showed @entity32 , three were febrile. In one @entity1 several joints were involved. Seven @entity1 presented with inflammatory or degenerative @entity625 . All @entity1 underwent emergency surgery using radiocarpal joint puncture, arthroscopic exploration, intraarticular lavage and synovectomy at both the radiocarpal and @entity2720 . The results were evaluated by @entity158 , Quick DASH, grip strength, and wrist range of motion. In three cases, joint fluid appeared clear, in three it was turbid, and in three purulent. Gram stain and culture revealed bacteria in four cases. @entity603 was radiocarpal four times, radiocarpal and midcarpal once. In one case, there was radiocarpal and @entity12391 . Average @entity158 was 5.3/10 preoperatively and 2/10 at the last clinical follow-up visit. Mean grip strength was 23.3 kg on the involved side vs. 33.5 kg on the opposite one. Mean flexion was 55   for the involved wrist vs. 68  ; mean extension was 52   for the affected wrist vs. 59  . No @entity1 was reoperated on. In all cases, there was no sign of @entity32 , regional @entity3329 or @entity281 at the last follow-up. One @entity1 died of @entity694 . Another @entity1 developed a severe @entity158 (CRPS1). Our results suggest three principles of management of @entity625 with septic appearance: extended surgical indication, emergency operation and arthroscopic procedure.

title: Contribution of arthroscopy in case of XXXX of the wrist: a nine cases series.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional inflammation', 'local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['wrist arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['Septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['Synovitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['midcarpal joints']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity12391 :: ('MESH:D013991', 'Disease') :: ['midcarpal chondritis']

answer: @entity5414 :: (MESH:D001170,Disease) :: ['septic appearance arthritis']


abstract: The effects of @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) on diaphragm muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition and mechanical performance were investigated in Fischer 344 male @entity35 aged to senescence (24.5 mo of age). Chronic undernutrition (UN), refeeding (RF), and RF+GH were compared with ad libitum feeding by using a model of UN that produced a 50% decrease in body weight over a 12-mo period. The effect of aging was assessed by comparing MHC composition of ad libitum-fed @entity35 at 12 and 24.5 mo of age. At senescence, significant @entity73 (-23%) and fast type IIA (-31%) MHC had occurred with aging. Conversely, UN over this aging period increased types I (32-73%) and IIA (22-23%) MHC and decreased fast types IIB (32-54%) and IIX (30-31%) MHC. RF and RF+GH reversed these shifts back toward control values. At senescence, maximal specific force, maximal velocity, and specific power capacity were not different across treatment groups. During repetitive isotonic contraction trials, the diaphragms of UN @entity35 maintained power production over time (54% of initial power at 60 s), whereas the power production of diaphragms of ad libitum-fed @entity35 fell to 0% (P < 0.05). In comparison with UN @entity35 , the diaphragms of RF and RF+GH @entity35 produced 23 (not significant) and 11% (P < 0.05) of initial power, respectively, suggesting that RF+GH treatment restored performance characteristics after UN. We conclude that RF+GH can reverse alterations in MHC composition and mechanical performance produced by chronic UN in the aged @entity35 diaphragm.

title: XXXX restores aged diaphragm myosin composition and performance after chronic undernutrition.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in slow type I']

answer: @entity11249 :: (81668(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Growth hormone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and release of @entity310 and its soluble receptors (sTNFRI and sTNFRII) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from @entity309 @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 71 @entity309 @entity1 with @entity66 (mean duration 10.6 yr). Smoking history was established by questionnaire. T lymphocytes and monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and incubated with or without stimulation (phytohaemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide, respectively). Release of @entity310 and sTNFR into culture medium was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity310 release by stimulated T lymphocytes was significantly higher in @entity1 with a history of smoking than in those who had never smoked (1416.0 vs 767.4 pg/ml, P = 0.04), and showed a relationship with smoking duration and intensity (P for trend < or =0.009). Monocyte @entity310 release was not associated with smoking status. Release of sTNFR showed no clear relationships with extent of smoking, although release by stimulated T lymphocytes was higher in past smokers than in those who had never smoked (P < or = 0.03). The ratio of @entity310 /sTNFR released from T lymphocytes was higher in past and current smokers, and was associated with extent of smoking. No relationship was found between smoking and plasma @entity310 levels, but levels of both receptors were higher in past smokers. CONCLUSION: In @entity309 @entity1 who smoke there is an alteration in the ratio of @entity310 /sTNFR released by stimulated T cells that might favour increased @entity310 activity. The increased @entity310 /sTNFR ratio is associated with extent of smoking, and remains elevated after smoking cessation.

title: Association between cigarette smoking and release of tumour necrosis factor alpha and its soluble receptors by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['established disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and causes of @entity1939 in a rural northern Chinese population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity1 OR SAMPLES: The cluster random sampling method was used to select the sample. METHODS: This population-based study included 11   787 @entity1 of all ages in rural Heilongjiang Province, China. These @entity1 underwent a detailed interview and eye examination that included the measurement of visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and direct ophthalmoscopy. An eye was considered to have @entity227 was <9/18 because of @entity2687 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was prevalence rates of @entity4064 . RESULTS: Among the 10   384 @entity1 enrolled in the study, the prevalence of @entity1939 is 0.3% (95% confidence interval 0.2-0.4%). The leading cause was @entity1036 in childhood (40.0%), followed by @entity2194 (33.3%) and @entity1036 in adulthood (20.0%). Age and illiteracy were found to be associated with an increased prevalence of @entity1939 . CONCLUSION: Blindness because of @entity2687 in rural areas of Northern China is a significant public health problem that needs to be given more attention.

title: Prevalence and causes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['corneal blindness if the visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['corneal blindness']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal diseases']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['corneal blindness and low vision']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['corneal blindness']


abstract: AIM: @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) are key inflammatory mediators involved in @entity2521 . The purpose was to compare their salivary concentrations in relation to periodontal status and their changes after periodontal treatment, to determine their use as non-invasive diagnostic tools. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 74 subjects grouped in periodontally healthy, mild, moderate and severe @entity2521 , according to clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) served as @entity1 . @entity1356 and @entity1421 were determined in unstimulated whole saliva by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: @entity1356 increased with the severity of @entity2521 with a large effect size in prediction of CAL (  (2)   =  0.35, p  =  0.0001). @entity1421 showed an increment in mild @entity2521 and another in moderate. A significant effect size was also found between @entity1421 and @entity10155 (  (2)   =  0.12, p  =  0.003). Both mediators decreased after periodontal treatment. With a selected threshold of 212  pg/ml, salivary @entity1356 predicted @entity2521 with 78% sensitivity and 100% specificity. With a selected threshold of 121  pg/ml, salivary @entity1421 predicted @entity2521 with 78% sensitivity and 91% specificity. CONCLUSION: The high sensitivity and specificity of salivary @entity1356 and @entity1421 in identifying @entity2521 suggest a potential use as biomarkers for diagnosis of @entity2521 presence and severity.

title: Salivary XXXX and @entity1421 as biomarkers of periodontal status, before and after periodontal treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['IL-1b']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the social, demographic, clinical and lung function characteristics of the population of asthmatics living in Health Care District 2 of Madrid. STUDY DESIGN: Transversal (initial visit) phase of a primary care community intervention study. The target population consisted of all asthmatics in District 2 of Madrid who were registered at the public health clinics, were older than 14 and had experienced @entity565 symptoms within the past year. The selection of @entity1 for the study was systematic (not probabilistic), such that all registered asthmatics seeking care and/or scheduled for check-ups were enrolled. Participation was 96.6% of those on file. We recorded social, demographic, clinical, and lung function variables as well as results of @entity566 studies, family histories of @entity565 and/or @entity402 and type of treatment. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty @entity1 were enrolled, 238 @entity1 (36.7%) and 412 @entity1 (63.3%). Mean age was 45 +/- 28.1 yr, mean FEV1% was 87.2 +/- 26%. Mean course of disease was 16 +/- 14.6 yr and age of onset was 26 +/- 20 yr. Family history of @entity565 was present in 34% of cases and a family history of @entity402 was reported by 21%. Half @entity2023 as an associated factor, with @entity1729 (62.4%) being the most common trigger, followed by pollen (25.3%) and exposure to @entity286 smoke (20%). Active smokers accounted for 9.1% of the group, and ex-smokers for 21.6%. Short-term beta-adrenergic drugs on demand were used by 64% of @entity1 , whereas 83.2% reported daily and long-term use of @entity2263 drugs and 77% used inhaled @entity230 . Severity of disease differed significantly by age of @entity1 , age at onset and predominance of perennial @entity565 (with older age and age of onset and greater seasonality observed among severely @entity748 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: a) Most symptomatic @entity748 have mild disease. b) Rationally adjusted, appropriate drug treatment should be graded according to level of disease severity.

title: [Descriptive analysis (clinical and functional characteristics) of an XXXX population in a health care district].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['had allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of translocation RCCs in adult @entity1 is relatively poor compared to that of other subtypes of RCCs. Although there have been several reports regarding radiologic findings of translocation @entity1358 , studies with histologic correlation could help to understand the imaging features. PURPOSE: To explore the correlation between radiologic and pathologic findings in Xp11.2 translocation @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and provide clues for translocation @entity1358 diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT scans of six @entity1 (one @entity1 and five @entity1 ; age range, 8-71 years; mean age, 34 years) with histologically-proven Xp11.2 translocation RCCs were retrospectively evaluated in consensus by two radiologists. @entity5 size, presence of @entity39 , @entity548 , fat or @entity730 , enhancement patterns of the @entity5 , presence of @entity3329 , and distant metastases were evaluated. RESULTS: The average size of the @entity5 was 6 cm (range, 2.7-12 cm). All six @entity5 appeared as well-defined masses with areas of low attenuation representing @entity548 or @entity39 . Four @entity5 contained high attenuating solid portions, compared to the surrounding renal cortex seen on unenhanced images, where representing dense cellular component on microscopic examination. Peripheral rim enhancement pattern that correlated with histologic finding of a fibrous capsule was seen in five cases. In two @entity1 who underwent kidney MR, the masses showed low signal intensity on T2-weighted images. One @entity1 had @entity3329 . No distant @entity3 was noted in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Translocation @entity1358 appeared as a well-defined mass that contain high attenuating solid portions on unenhanced images and low attenuating @entity39 or @entity548 foci; the @entity5 also showed gradual peripheral rim enhancement due to a fibrous capsule surrounding the @entity5 .

title: Radiologic-pathologic correlation of XXXX associated with Xp11.2 translocation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objectives of the present study were to assess the mid-term results of cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with the porous @entity11608 monoblock tibial component and to examine the time course of bone changes on plain radiographs. METHODS: The subjects were 32 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 were available for follow-up. We investigated the mid-term results of TKA after a mean follow-up period of 7 years and 8 months. We also examined changes of the bone over time on plain radiographs. RESULTS: The Knee Society Clinical Rating scores showed significant improvement. Bone changes around the tibial component were as follows: new bone formation and longitudinal trabecular thickening in 41.4% (Type A), only longitudinal trabecular thickening in 41.4% (Type B), and no changes in 17.2% (Type C). Type A and B changes were more frequent in @entity1 with @entity571 , whereas Type C was only seen in @entity1 with @entity309 . Three knees had an initial gap, but this disappeared in all cases, and no new radiolucent lines were detected. Stress shielding was observed in seven knees (21.9%), but there was no implant loosening related to it. When we examined the relationship between the mechanical axis and the locations of the tips of the tibial pegs in @entity1 with or without stress shielding, no significant differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: The results of mid-term follow-up have demonstrated favorable bone ingrowth, suggesting that porous @entity11608 is a promising material for cementless TKA.

title: Mid-term results of total knee arthroplasty with a porous XXXX monoblock tibial component.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity11608 :: (MESH:D013635,Chemical) :: ['tantalum']


abstract: The goal of the present study was to investigate whether advanced @entity73 in one domain impact the neural processing of unrelated skills in a different cognitive domain. This question is related to the broader issue of how cognitive-neurodevelopment proceeds as different skills are mastered. To address this goal, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to assess linkages between @entity73 of preschool @entity1 as reflected in their performance on a pre-reading screening test (Get Ready To Read) and their neural responses while engaged in a geometric shape matching task. Sixteen @entity1 (10 males) participated in this study. The @entity1 ranged from 46 to 60 months (SD = 4.36 months). ERPs were recorded using a 128-electrode high-density array while @entity1 attended to presentations of matched and mismatched shapes (triangles, circles, or squares). ERPs indicated that @entity1 with more advanced pre-reading skills discriminated between matched and mismatched shapes earlier than @entity1 with poorer pre-readings skills. The earlier discrimination effect observed in the advanced group was localized over the occipital electrode sites whereas in the Low Group such effects were present over frontal, parietal, and occipital sites. Modeled magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the ERP component sources identified differences in neural generators between the two groups. Both sets of findings support the hypothesis that processing in a poorer-performing group is more distributed temporally and spatially across the scalp, and reflects the engagement of more distributed brain regions. These findings are seen as support for a theory of @entity73 that is advanced in the present article.

title: Dynamic links between emerging XXXX and brain processes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neural-cognitive development', 'cognitive skills']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive skills']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity162 ( @entity162 ) remains a challenge due to the @entity66 . Current guidelines represent an effort to assist clinicians in routine practice but have several limitations, particularly concerning long-term treatment. The ARIQUELI (efficacy and tolerability of the combination of @entity1091 or @entity1770 in young bipolar non or partial responders to @entity1089 monotherapy) study aims to evaluate two different augmentation strategies for @entity1089 nonresponders or partial responders in acute and maintenance phases of @entity162 treatment. METHODS/DESIGN: The ARIQUELI study is a single-site, parallel-group, randomized, outcome assessor-blinded trial. @entity162 @entity1 according to the DSM-IV-TR, in @entity308 , @entity162 /hypomanic or mixed episode, aged 18 to 40  years, are eligible. After diagnostic assessments, @entity1 initiated treatment in phase I with @entity1089 . Nonresponders or partial responders after 8  weeks are allocated into one of two groups, potentiated with either @entity1091 (0.5 to 0.8  mEq/l) or @entity1770 (10 or 15  mg). @entity1 will be followed up for 8  weeks in phase I (acute treatment), 6  months in phase II (continuation treatment) and 12  months in phase III (maintenance treatment). Outcome assessors are blinded to the treatment. The primary outcome is the evaluation of changes in mean scores on the CGI-BP-M between baseline and the endpoint at the end of each study phase. DISCUSSION: The ARIQUELI study is currently in progress, with @entity1 undergoing acute treatment (phase I), potentiation (phase II) and maintenance (phase III). The study will be extended until January 2015. Trials comparing @entity1091 and @entity1770 with potentiate treatment in young @entity162 nonresponders to @entity1089 in monotherapy can provide relevant information on the safety of these drugs in clinical practice. Long-term treatment is an issue of great importance and should be evaluated further through more in-depth studies given that @entity162 is a @entity102 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01710163.

title: The ARIQUELI study: potentiation of XXXX in bipolar I nonresponders with @entity1091 versus @entity1770 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BD I', 'manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complexity of the disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['quetiapine']


abstract: Lesions of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) are the most unusual lesions of the visual pathways. Imaging studies are very important in establishing the correct diagnosis. However, due to its small size and particular location, the lateral geniculate body and its lesions are sometimes difficult to detect in imaging studies possibly causing diagnostic @entity911 . The purpose of this paper is to document an unusual case of a lesion of the lateral geniculate body for which an optical coherence tomography study was very important in confirming the anatomic diagnosis of a lateral geniculate body lesion. A 39-year-old @entity1 with a previous diagnosis of @entity1596 and @entity12513 was referred for investigation of a right temporal @entity1805 . She had already been submitted to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that did not show any lesion along the visual pathway. Ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss that was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Such finding associated with the observations on the neurological examination strongly suggested a lateral geniculate body lesion. The @entity1 was submitted to another new magnetic resonance imaging obtained with especially oriented thin sections and an @entity63 lesion of the lateral geniculate body was observed establishing the correct diagnosis. This case serves to confirm the importance of optical coherence tomography in determining the pattern of retinal nerve fiber layer loss in neuro-ophthalmic diseases and therefore to help in locating a lesion along the visual pathway.

title: [Geniculate XXXX . Diagnostic importance of retinal nerve fiber layer analysis using optical coherence tomography: case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['quadrantanopia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity1805 :: (MESH:D006423,Disease) :: ['hemianopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Twins with @entity8257 (or @entity4886 ) had a similar phenotypic appearance with findings of @entity8257 , including bicoronal and sagittal craniosynostoses, @entity90 , and broad thumbs/toes. We document their treatment with 2 monobloc advancements and discuss growth disturbances in @entity2168 . METHODS: At 6 months, both twins underwent release of multisuture (bilateral coronal and sagittal) fusions for improvement of scaphocephalic shape and multisuture release; however, one twin had a more aggressive procedure with advancement of the frontal-orbital region. Despite improved initial correction by one twin, at 5 years of age, both twins presented with @entity90 and exorbitism and underwent a monobloc distraction procedure with similar 20-mm advancements. Comparative analysis by our craniofacial multidisciplinary team included perioperative reports, computed tomographic scans, cephalograms, parent questionnaires, and physician surveys. RESULTS: Both twins had an improved confidence interval scores from 84 to 68 and 82 to 69 postoperatively. In 6-month follow-up, the Whitaker score of the first twin was 2.8, whereas that for the second twin with the frontal-orbital advancement was 1.2. Preschool expressive and receptive tests yielded 97 and 95, and 97 and 98, and developmental testing was similar between the twins. Global evaluations were equivalent to age-matched controls, and memory and attention skills were within normal limits. Parental surveys showed a high level of satisfaction after all procedures in both twins. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the phenotypic outcome for both twins remained unchanged when comparing a more aggressive surgery to less aggressive surgery as an @entity1 . The genetic mutation may have overridden the different surgical interventions. Both twins ultimately required 2 subsequent monobloc corrections.

title: XXXX twins: despite improved correction in one twin, growth disturbance results in similar need for subsequent monobloc advancement.

entities_list: @entity90 :: ('MESH:C564570', 'Disease') :: ['midface hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4886 :: ('MESH:D000168', 'Disease') :: ['acrocephalosyndactyly']

entities_list: @entity2168 :: ('MESH:D003394', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial dysostosis']

entities_list: @entity8257 :: ('MESH:C538582', 'Disease') :: ['Pfeiffer syndrome', 'classic or type 1 Pfeiffer syndrome']

answer: @entity8257 :: (MESH:C538582,Disease) :: ['Pfeiffer syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We describe our experience in the treatment of @entity4710 due to @entity2917 reentry by radiofrequency catheter ablation of the slow pathway. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 (mean age 52 +/- 13 years) with recurrent drug refractory @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation of slow-pathway as the first procedure. Maximal energy used was 28 +/- 8 W, mean time was 4.4 +/- 2.8 min, and a mean number of 13 +/- 9 discharges per @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 34 @entity1 14 were successfully treated (no slow-pathway conduction, no AV nodal reentrant echo complexes, no inducible @entity591 ), 11 were considered as partially successful (no inducible @entity591 , with slow-pathway conduction or echoes) and 9 @entity1 were unsuccessfully treated (all of them underwent fast-pathway ablation with a successful outcome). Eight recurrences were observed during a mean follow-up period of 7 +/- 4 months: One in a @entity1 with previously successful ablation (remained asymptomatic while taking beta-blockers), 6 in @entity1 with first procedure partially successful (all of them underwent effective second slow-pathway ablation) and 1 in a @entity1 with an unsuccessful procedure that underwent fast pathway ablation. A repeated procedure was successful in ablating the slow pathway. None of our @entity1 developed complete @entity616 . One @entity1 developed @entity2293 that needed surgical drainage. At last follow-up all @entity1 are free from @entity591 . CONCLUSION: Slow pathway ablation is an effective method of treatment in @entity1 with atrio-ventricular nodal reentrant @entity591 . Long term success is related to complete abolition of slow pathway conduction.

title: [Radiofrequency ablation of the slow nodal pathway in cases of paroxysmal nodal reentry XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular nodal']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrio-ventricular block']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Newer @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are widely used in @entity1 with @entity302 . There is still insufficient documentation regarding pharmacokinetic variability of these @entity734 in different @entity1 groups. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare age and comedication as factors contributing to pharmacokinetic variability between 4 newer @entity734 ( @entity2812 , @entity4677 , @entity2051 , and @entity1771 ) among @entity1 with @entity302 . METHODS: Data regarding age, gender, use of @entity734 , daily doses, and serum concentration measurements were retrieved from a therapeutic drug monitoring database, from @entity1 admitted to the National Center for @entity302 , Norway, 2007-2008. RESULTS: In total, 1050 @entity1 were included, 111 younger @entity1 (2-9 years), 137 older @entity1 (10-17 years), 720 adults (18-64 years), 82 elderly (65-93 years). Fifty percent of the @entity1 were prescribed polytherapy, in 88 different combinations. The interindividual pharmacokinetic variability was extensive, as illustrated by a 10-fold variability in serum concentration compared with dose. Age affected the apparent clearance of @entity4677 to the largest extent, as shown by a 60% increase in younger @entity1 and a 40% reduction in the elderly, respectively, compared with adults. Comedication altered the clearance of @entity2812 to the greatest extent   70% because it is affected by both enzyme inducers and inhibitors. Hepatic enzyme inducers increased the clearance of @entity4677 and @entity1771 by 25% and @entity2051 by 75%. @entity1092 reduced the clearance of @entity1771 by 25%. CONCLUSION: Age and comedication are important contributors to pharmacokinetic variability. Age had the greatest impact on @entity4677 , and comedication affected the clearance of each of the 4 @entity734 investigated in this study. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions must be carefully considered when multidrug therapies are prescribed. Therapeutic drug monitoring is a valuable tool for individualizing AED therapy.

title: Pharmacokinetic variability of four newer @entity734 , XXXX , @entity4677 , @entity2051 , and @entity1771 : a comparison of the impact of age and comedication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['lamotrigine']


abstract: Arthrodesis of a @entity158 and destroyed wrist is one of the key operations in @entity1 with @entity309 . Clayton is given credit for the first description of an operative technique of wrist arthrodesis by means of an intramedullary Steinmann pin. Mannerfelt popularized this technique by using a Rush pin and additional fixation with staples. The aim of the present article is to give a detailed description of the operative technique used in our hospital. Over a period of 13 years, 104 modified Clayton-Mannerfelt arthrodeses were performed in 87 @entity1 with @entity309 . Ninety-three wrists were reviewed clinically and radiographically. The @entity1 had high fusion rates and a reliable reduction in @entity158 , with a low rate of complications. The pin technique is more versatile than standard wrist arthrodesis plates, and the wrist can be positioned according to the needs of the @entity1 . This technique seems to be a good alternative to conventional wrist arthrodesis using an arthrodesis plate in wrists destroyed by @entity309 , even in situations with difficult bone stock. In most cases, it is not necessary to remove the hardware.

title: The modified Clayton-Mannerfelt arthrodesis of the wrist in XXXX : operative technique and report on 93 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, histologic types, clinical symptoms, response rates, and median survival time of adrenal @entity3 in primary @entity2 . METHODS: The clinical data were retrospectively evaluated in 96 out of 6,976 @entity1 with adrenal @entity3 in primary @entity2 between January 1984 and January 1997. RESULTS: The incidence of adrenal @entity3 was 1.38% (96/6,976) in 6,976 @entity1 , 2.25% (37/1,643) in @entity151 , 1.11% (59/5333) in @entity1149 . @entity490 and lumbago (excluding other reasons, for example, abdominal vertebrae and other abdominal organs were involved) occurred in 39% (37/96) in 96 @entity1 . A overall response rate (CR + PR) was 43% in 54 @entity1 who received chemotherapy (5 @entity1 combined with irradiation) and could be evaluated. A median survival time was 7.17 (1-20) months in 96 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity2 is easy to spread to adrenals. The incidence of adrenal @entity3 is related to histologic types of primary @entity2 . Clinical symptoms include @entity490 and lumbago. Surgical resection may be applied for a solitary adrenal @entity3 after the primary @entity5 is removed. Chemotherapy is effective for @entity1 with adrenal @entity3 synchronous with other sites @entity3 . The palliative radiation therapy can produce a high response rate in @entity158 relief.

title: [Adrenal @entity3 in primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Behavioral isolation is a common and potent mechanism of reproductive isolation. Determining the extent to which behavioral isolation varies with environmental conditions is critical to understanding speciation and the maintenance of species boundaries. Here, we tested the effect of salinity on behavioral isolation (female species recognition, male-male competition, and male species recognition) between two closely related @entity22159 (Lucania goodei and @entity46141 ) that differ in salinity tolerance. We performed no-choice assays and behavioral trials where males could compete and court females in fresh water (0 ppt) and brackish water (15 ppt). We found high levels of behavioral isolation that did not vary as a function of salinity. In behavioral trials, male species recognition of females was strong and asymmetric between the two species. Lucania goodei males preferred conspecifics and rarely courted or mated with @entity46141 females. Lucania parva males preferred conspecifics but readily courted and mated with L. goodei females. This asymmetry matches previously documented asymmetries in hybrid offspring fitness. Crosses between @entity46141 males and L. goodei females produce fully viable/fertile hybrids, but crosses between L. goodei males and @entity46141 females produce males with reduced fertility. Hence, behavioral isolation may have evolved in part due to reinforcement.

title: A test for environmental effects on behavioral isolation in two species of XXXX .

answer: @entity22159 :: (8078,Species) :: ['killifish']


abstract: The effect of @entity2124 addition to @entity1 menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG), after pituitary down-regulation, on granulosa cell function, in @entity52 ( @entity52 ) was evaluated. @entity2124 or placebo were added in a prospective, randomized and double-blind manner to an existing @entity52 stimulation protocol. Forty-two normal ovulatory @entity1 (< or = 38 years old) with mechanical factor @entity249 and normal male factor were included in the study. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist ( @entity4397 ) was given from day 21 of the previous cycle until @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration. Follicular stimulation with HMG was started after pituitary down-regulation. @entity2124 12 IU/day or placebo were administered on alternate days, beginning day 1 until day 7 of HMG treatment. Granulosa cell function was evaluated, in all @entity1 , by follicular fluid levels of ovarian @entity230 and @entity442 ( @entity442 ). In 14 @entity1 , chosen arbitrarily granulosa lutein cells were cultured in the presence and absence of additional HCG. Follicular fluid levels of @entity53 , @entity1420 , @entity251 and @entity442 were similar in both @entity2124 and placebo groups. Basal and post-HCG levels of @entity53 and @entity1420 did not differ significantly between the two groups of granulosa lutein cell cultures. We conclude that after pituitary down-regulation, in-vivo administration of @entity2124 with HMG in young ovulatory @entity1 does not seem to affect granulosa cell function when compared to the administration of HMG alone.

title: The effect of @entity2124 on granulosa cell function during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in-vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['in-vitro fertilization']


abstract: The gene encoding Thermus filiformis (Tfi) DNA polymerase was expressed under the control of the tac promoter on a high-copy plasmid, pJR, in @entity526 . The Tfi DNA polymerase was purified by using heat treatment and DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 92 kDa, as estimated by @entity214 /PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme were 8.4-9.0 and 70-72.5 degrees C respectively. The half-life of the enzyme at 94 degrees C was approx. 40 min. The enzyme was activated by the bivalent cations, @entity1025 and @entity3281 , and was inhibited by @entity1098 . The optimal @entity1025 concentration of the enzyme was 4 mM. The optimal conditions for the PCR reaction were slightly different from those for the enzyme activity except for the optimal @entity1025 concentration. Low concentrations of @entity4338 had no effect on either the enzymic activity or the PCR amplification. The result of the PCR experiment with the enzyme indicates that Tfi DNA polymerase might be useful in DNA amplification.

title: Purification and properties of Thermus filiformis DNA polymerase expressed in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity1562 ( @entity409 in the presence of normalized perfusion) and @entity1562 ( @entity409 matching reduced perfusion) have represented separate concepts of viable, but @entity1562 in the past. However, in vivo experimental and clinical work suggests that @entity63 due to @entity453 may induce a gradual transition between stunned and hibernating @entity1562 . @entity1562 itself can result from a spectrum of ischemic conditions ranging from @entity296 flow reserve to @entity11962 . With increasing severity and duration of @entity63 , @entity299 , accumulation of glycogen and cell death ensue. Additionally, there is an increase of extracellular matrix protein content leading to reparative @entity82 , which in turn limits functional recovery. In the light of these structural features, the available methods for detection of viable @entity1562 , in particular @entity452 echocardiography and nuclear imaging techniques, offer complementary rather than contradictory information. @entity452 echo has satisfactory sensitivity, excellent specificity, and high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of viable @entity1562 . While in the past only its predictive accuracy for segmental recovery has been validated, newer data show an improved survival after revascularization if at least four viable dyssynergic left ventricular segments in a 16 segment model can be identified by @entity452 echocardiography. The complete (low and high dose) @entity452 protocol can elicit several types of contractile responses (sustained improvement in contraction or monophasic response, biphasic response, new wall motion abnormality) which should be interpreted in view of other clinical data including a previous @entity1188 . The test protocol can be used safely at the end of the first week after @entity583 . If @entity63 or viability is documented, revascularization should be performed promptly. A similar strategy should be followed in the setting of chronic @entity301 with @entity1002 . Since the structural changes of hibernating @entity1562 are progressive, time to revascularization is critical. On the other hand, responsible therapeutic planning requires proof of @entity63 or viability before initiating a potentially hazardous revascularization procedure.

title: [Assessment of @entity296 with XXXX echocardiography: current review].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['impaired myocardial blood']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'repetitive ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11962 :: ('MESH:D001946', 'Disease') :: ['frank hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium', 'myocardial hibernation', 'Myocardial stunning', 'Myocardial hibernation', 'dyssynergic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of cardiac myocytes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: @entity16762 , an amoeboid protozoan, occupies an intriguing position in phylogenetic trees based on nuclear rRNA sequences, branching together with or near (as an outgroup to) green algae and land plants. To gain insight into the organization, expression and evolutionary affiliations of the mtDNA of this non-photosynthetic protist, we determined the sequence of a 7778 base-pair region containing the single-copy large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) rRNA genes (rnl and rns, respectively) of the approximately 40 kilobase-pair A. castellanii mitochondrial genome. We also sequenced the 5'- and 3'-terminal portions of the corresponding LSU and SSU rRNAs. In A. castellanii mtDNA, rnl is flanked both upstream and downstream by a cluster of five tRNA genes, with rns and then @entity47377 (the @entity47377 gene) following immediately further downstream. These genes are all in the same transcriptional orientation and are separated by only short non-coding spacers. Although rnl and rns are organized in a novel way in A. castellanii mtDNA, their SSU and LSU rRNA products are strikingly similar to their eubacterial homologs in primary sequence, secondary structure and post-transcriptional modification. In these characteristics, the A. castellanii mitochondrial rRNAs much more closely resemble their counterparts in land plants than do the corresponding mitochondrial rRNAs in the green alga, @entity2060 . Although no intervening sequences have so far been found in the mitochondrial rnl of angiosperms (flowering plants), A. castellanii mitochondrial rnl contains three group I introns, all located within highly conserved regions in the 3'-half of the gene and each possessing a free-standing @entity5545 ( @entity5545 ). The insertion site of one of these introns is identical to that of the single group I intron in the chloroplast rnl of @entity2060 , and sequence comparison reveals that these two introns (one mitochondrial, the other chloroplast) are structurally homologous both within the core region and within the ORFs they encode. These observations are indicative of intron movement between mitochondria and chloroplasts, either intracellularly in a photosynthetic, remote common ancestor of A. castellanii and @entity2060 or, more recently, as a result of an intercellular exchange of genetic information.

title: The ribosomal RNA gene region in XXXX mitochondrial DNA. A case of evolutionary transfer of introns between mitochondria and plastids?

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['ORF', 'open reading frame']

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['C. reinhardtii', 'Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

entities_list: @entity16762 :: ('5755', 'Species') :: ['Acanthamoeba castellanii']

entities_list: @entity47377 :: ('801495(Tax:3055)', 'Gene') :: ['cytochrome oxidase subunit 1', 'cox1']

answer: @entity16762 :: (5755,Species) :: ['Acanthamoeba castellanii']


abstract: Besides its pharmacological effect on @entity165 biosynthesis, @entity5753 inhibits @entity8498 proteins by substrate depletion for post-translational protein farnesylation and geranylation. This inhibition has previously been used to reverse cell proliferation after cellular transformation by the mutant @entity3544 ras oncogene. We investigated the biological effects of @entity5753 on two @entity3123 cell lines. The SW-850 cell line contained the @entity984 wild-type gene and the A818-4 cell line contained the mutant gene with a point mutation at codon 12 (GGTZCGT; glyZarg). @entity5753 inhibited the proliferation of @entity3123 cells dose-dependently showing an IC20-30 at 5 microM and IC40-50 at 10 microM. Proliferation of both @entity5 cell lines, A818-4 ( @entity8498 -M) and SW-850 ( @entity8498 -WT) were inhibited to a very similar extent. After 24 h of drug exposure, cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2/M-phase occurred in a large proportion of cells. At this time, neither cell line showed alteration of protein phosphorylation and did not undergo apoptosis. However, after 72 h of drug exposure, @entity5753 significantly decreased protein phosphorylation on @entity669 , @entity563 and @entity1889 residues in A818-4 ( @entity8498 -M) cells. Only a minute reduction of protein phosphorylation was detected in SW-850 ( @entity8498 -WT) cells. Apoptosis occurred in both cell lines, but the SW-850 ( @entity8498 -WT) showed a higher percentage of apoptotic cells than the A818-4 ( @entity8498 -M). In conclusion, there is further evidence for a growth inhibitory effect on @entity5 cells regardless of the ras mutation status. However, as the effects on protein phosphorylation and induction of apoptosis differed between the mutant and wild-type cell lines, the mechanism of action of @entity5753 may depend on partially different mechanisms.

title: @entity5753 inhibits proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines with mutant as well as with wild-type XXXX oncogene but has different effects on protein phosphorylation and induction of apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['K-ras']


abstract: @entity2395 is the most common @entity74 in Pakistan, where more than 6000 affected @entity1 are born annually, and the carrier population is around 10 million. The objective was to study b-globin gene mutations in chorionic villous biopsy samples. Prenatal screening of 383 pregnant @entity1 between 2003 and 2010 was carried out using a panel of 13 mutation primers and @entity262 ( @entity262 )-PCR. In addition, DNA sequencing was used to confirm uncharacterized mutations and in some cases @entity2241 status was confirmed by linkage analysis. Families enrolled in this study represented major ethnic groups in Pakistan. Of the 13 mutations tested, three mutations accounted 71% of the total, including @entity35386 [HBB: @entity48601 ], codon 8/9(+G) [HBB: @entity48602 ] and del 619[NG_000007.3:g @entity48603 ]. Mutations in four uncharacterized samples were later confirmed by DNA sequencing as -88(C-T)[HBB: @entity48604 , -90(C-T)[HBB: @entity48605 ] and codon 59(+T)[HBB: @entity48606 ]. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these mutations in Pakistan. Moreover, 19.2% fetal samples were normal and 52.3% heterozygous, whereas 26.4% were affected with @entity2395 major. IVS1-5:IVS1-5 was the most common genotype in fetal samples. Prenatal diagnosis of @entity2395 using @entity262 PCR is an efficient approach for reducing the burden of this disease in Pakistan. In addition, rare mutations reported in this study should be incorporated in the diagnostic strategy.

title: Prenatal screening for XXXX major reveals new and rare mutations in the Pakistani population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['b-Thalassemia', 'b-thalassemia', 'thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['ARMS', 'amplification refractory mutations system']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal disease']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['b-thalassemia']


abstract: @entity8253 are effective in @entity0 and have in vitro @entity137 in @entity11 . In @entity1 with @entity11 @entity8253 are not effective possibly because the hydrophilic drugs do not reach cytotoxic levels in @entity5 tissue. @entity8779 is more lipophilic than the other @entity8253 and is more cytotoxic in @entity11 cell lines. The uptake of @entity8779 and its major metabolite @entity47478 in @entity1313 tissue were measured in a @entity1 with a brain metastasis from @entity0 and in 4 @entity1 with @entity11 after an oral dose of @entity8779 (45 mg/m2 in 1 @entity1 ; 25 mg/m2 in 4 @entity1 ), given 15-24 h before @entity1313 resection. The concentrations of @entity8779 and of @entity47478 in @entity5 tissue exceeded the concurrent plasma concentrations as well as the peak plasma concentrations in all cases. The median @entity5 :concurrent plasma ratio of @entity47478 was 5.7 (range 1.7-18). The concentration of @entity47478 in the marginal zone between brain and @entity5 tissue was lower than in central @entity5 tissue, but was still higher than the plasma concentration in 2 of the 3 examined cases. @entity236 (platelets CTC grade 2, granulocytes CTC grade 4) occurred after a single dose of 45 ml/m2. No @entity137 was seen at a dose of 25 mg/m2. These results, the in vitro activity of @entity8779 in @entity11 , the convenience of oral administration, and its @entity137 profile make clinical studies with @entity8779 in @entity11 , and perhaps also in brain metastases from @entity0 worthwhile.

title: Penetration of XXXX into malignant @entity1313 tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracyclines', 'anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin', 'Idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity47478 :: ('MESH:C054440', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicinol']

answer: @entity8779 :: (MESH:D015255,Chemical) :: ['idarubicin']