abstract: BACKGROUND: Several recent epidemiological investigations have shown that the rate of @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ) has decreased and the rate of @entity195 of the Alzheimer type has increased in Japan. In our previous neuropathological examination, such a trend but no significant differences were shown in nursing home residents in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clarify whether or not the frequency of @entity385 ( @entity385 ) and the ratio of @entity385 [large @entity1188 ( @entity1188 )] types changed between the first half of this study and the second half, corresponding to the decreasing trend of the rate of @entity1294 . METHODS: Three hundred and ten aged nursing home residents (146 @entity1 and 164 @entity1 ) were evaluated neuropathologically in Shimane prefecture, Japan. All subjects died between 1976 and 1992. The average age +/- standard deviation at death was 79.1+/-8.7 years for @entity1 , 83.4+/-7.8 for @entity1 , and 81.4+/-8.5 overall. They were placed into the first or second study group and compared. RESULTS: (1) The incidence of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) decreased significantly from the first half of the study to the second half in both @entity1 and @entity1 . (2) The frequencies of @entity385 and @entity385 with @entity101 were not significantly different between the first and second half (both @entity1 and @entity1 ). (3) There was a decreasing trend in the ratio of @entity1188 to @entity1188 from the first to the second period in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: There may be no effect of the incidence of @entity101 on @entity385 frequency and some effects on @entity385 types. The incidence of @entity385 in total lifespan (both @entity1 and @entity1 ) has not changed in our study. The recent decreasing trend in @entity1188 in @entity1 may have contributed to the decreasing tendency in the prevalence of @entity1294 .

title: Frequency and classification of XXXX in nursing homes over a 17-year period in Shimane prefecture, Japan.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'MI', 'infarction type (LI) and small multiple infarction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['senile dementia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarctions']


abstract: Treatment for @entity1 with @entity741 and @entity1375 contains many difficulties, such as a dilemma that thyroid hormone to @entity1375 @entity1 may worsen @entity951 . The purpose of this study is to propose an appropriate control of thyroid function in these @entity1 before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and to clarify the change of thyroid function during postoperative period. Because of progressive @entity951 , five @entity1375 @entity1 underwent CABG. Preoperatively, minimal dose of @entity1955 (0-75 micrograms, daily) was administered orally to keep thyroid function at slightly low level before CABG. Ten consecutive CABG @entity1 with normal thyroid function were selected as control group. Between both groups, there was no significant difference in age, @entity453 , and the number of bypass grafts. Serum T4, free-T4, T3, free-T3, and TSH were measured at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th P.O.D. In control group, pituitary-thyroid function was suppressed transiently. In @entity1375 group, T4 revealed no change and was kept at slightly low level during observed period. There was no significant difference in postoperative hemodynamics between both groups. Postoperatively all of @entity1375 @entity1 got free from @entity951 and received an adequate thyroid hormone replacement therapy without complications. It is concluded that CABG for @entity1 with @entity951 and @entity1375 can be performed safely by keeping preoperative thyroid function at slightly low level.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX combined with @entity1375 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After endoscopic therapy for peptic @entity1066 , rebleeding occurs in up to 20% of @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to identify the factors responsible for failure to achieve hemostasis or rebleeding after endoscopic therapy. METHODS: Seventy six @entity1 who bled from peptic ulcers and received endoscopic therapy were identified in a retrospective analysis of six years, from 1993 to 1998, in a tertiary care hospital in Muscat, Oman. All @entity1 were endoscoped within 24 hours and received endoscopic treatment, either injection of 1/10,000 adrenaline alone or both injection and thermocoagulation. We looked at the following factors, which could have influenced the outcome of endoscopic therapy. The clinical and endoscopic parameters used to assess the outcome of endoscopic therapy were: age, sex, blood pressure and hemoglobin on admission, number of units of blood transfused, use of NSAID, comorbid conditions, @entity1066 site, @entity1066 size. Forrest grade, injection alone and injection plus thermocoagulation. RESULTS: Endoscopic therapy failed in 16 @entity1 (21%). Twelve @entity1 received a second endoscopic treatment, but 13 @entity1 eventually required surgery. Six @entity1 died as a result of @entity548 (mortality 8%). Among the parameters, hemoglobin on admission, more than six units of blood transfusion, shock, co-morbid diseases, @entity1066 site and size and Forrest grade la predicted the possibility of failure of endoscopic therapy. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting with peptic @entity1066 , hemoglobin less than 10 grams, more than six units of blood transfusion, shock on admission, co-morbid disease, posterior wall duodenal @entity1066 , large @entity1066 size of > I cm size and Forrest la predicted failure of endoscopic therapy.

title: Predictive factors for failure of endoscopic management therapy in peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies of the tick saliva transcriptome have revealed the profound role of salivary proteins in blood feeding. Kunitz/BPTI proteins are abundant in the salivary glands of ticks and perform multiple functions in blood feeding, such as inhibiting @entity1003 , regulating host blood supply and disrupting host angiogenesis. However, Kunitz/BPTI proteins in soft and hard ticks have different functions and molecular mechanisms. How these differences emerged and whether they are associated with the evolution of long-term blood feeding in hard ticks remain unknown. RESULTS: In this study, the evolution, expansion and expression of Kunitz/BPTI family in @entity3966 were investigated. Single- and multi-domain Kunitz/BPTI proteins have similar gene structures. Single-domain proteins were classified into three groups (groups I, II and III) based on their @entity462 patterns. Group I represents the ancestral branch of the Kunitz/BPTI family, and members of this group function as @entity563 protease inhibitors. The group I domain was used as a module to create multi-domain proteins in hard ticks after the split between hard and soft ticks. However, groups II and III, which evolved from group I, are only present and expanded in the genus Ixodes. These lineage-specific expanded genes exhibit significantly higher expression during long-term blood feeding in @entity3966 . Interestingly, functional site analysis suggested that group II proteins lost the ability to inhibit @entity563 proteases and evolved a new function of modulating ion channels. Finally, evolutionary analyses revealed that the expansion and diversification of the Kunitz/BPTI family in the genus Ixodes were driven by positive selection. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the differences in the Kunitz/BPTI family between soft and hard ticks may be linked to the evolution of long-term blood feeding in hard ticks. In Ixodes, the lineage-specific expanded genes (Group II and III) lost the ancient function of inhibiting @entity563 proteases and evolved new functions to adapt to long-term blood feeding. Therefore, these genes may play a profound role in the long-term blood feeding of hard ticks. Based our analysis, we propose that the six genes identified in our study may be candidate target genes for tick control.

title: Evolution, expansion and expression of the Kunitz/BPTI gene family associated with long-term blood feeding in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['Ixodes scapularis']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity3966 :: (6945,Species) :: ['Ixodes Scapularis']


abstract: We evaluated the efficacy of @entity3310 oral rinse for prevention of radiation-induced @entity33 . @entity1 with @entity135 , who were referred in 2004-2005, received an oral rinse of either @entity3310 or placebo. One hundred @entity1 were randomized in this trial. At the end of the study, 19 @entity1 were excluded from the analysis because they did not use the medication for the assigned period. In the @entity3310 group, the frequency of @entity33 grade > or =3 was 43.6% in contrast to 78.6% in other group (P = 0.001). Grade > or =3 @entity33 was 2.6 times more frequent in the placebo group. Intensity of @entity33 increased up to fourth week of treatment in both groups to grade 2. In the treated group the grade of @entity33 was approximately constant to the end of therapy; but in the control group it raised to grade 3 (P < 0.001). The highest grade of @entity33 during the treatment time was significantly different between two groups (P = 0.049). The median interval to observation of grade > or =2 @entity33 was 24 days in the placebo group and 28 days in the @entity3310 group (P = 0.12). @entity3310 oral rinse seems to be effective, safe, and well tolerated for prophylactic treatment of radiation-induced @entity3136 in @entity135 .

title: XXXX for prophylaxis of radiation-induced @entity3136 in @entity135 : a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumours', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3310 :: ('MESH:D001591', 'Chemical') :: ['benzydamine', 'Benzydamine']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

answer: @entity3310 :: (MESH:D001591,Chemical) :: ['Benzydamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine whether a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol combining carotid atherosclerotic plaque and brain imaging can identify features of high-risk acutely symptomatic plaque that correlate with @entity1545 . BACKGROUND: It has previously been demonstrated that, in asymptomatic @entity1 , MRI can identify features of carotid plaque that are associated with @entity64 , such as the presence of a large lipid core. We hypothesized that the early phase (<7 days) after a cerebrovascular event, when risk of recurrence is highest, may be associated with particular plaque characteristics that associate with @entity131 . METHODS: Eighty-one @entity1 (41 presenting acutely with @entity63 [ @entity63 ] or @entity64 and 40 asymptomatic controls) underwent multicontrast carotid artery MRI on 2 separate occasions, each accompanied by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging of the brain. RESULTS: Complex (American Heart Association [AHA] type VI) plaques were seen in 22 of 41 @entity1 (54%) in the symptomatic group versus 8 of 40 (20%) in the asymptomatic group (p < 0.05). They were caused by intraplaque @entity548 (34% vs. 18%; p = 0.08), surface @entity397 (24% vs. 5%; p = 0.03), or luminal thrombus (7% vs. 0%; p = 0.24). Noticeably, 17 of 30 (57%) cases of @entity299 were in vessels with <70% stenosis. At follow-up scanning (>6 weeks later), only 2 cases of symptomatic @entity299 showed evidence of full healing. The presence of fibrous cap @entity397 was associated with higher @entity1545 at presentation and higher total cerebral FLAIR signal at follow-up (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Early carotid wall MRI in @entity1 experiencing @entity64 or @entity63 showed a higher proportion of "complex" plaques compared with asymptomatic controls; a majority were in arteries of <70% stenosis. Fibrous cap @entity397 was associated with increases in DWI and FLAIR lesions in the brain. Combined carotid plaque and brain MRI may aid risk stratification and treatment selection in acute @entity64 and @entity63 .

title: Plaque features associated with increased cerebral infarction after @entity64 and XXXX : a prospective, case-control, 3-T carotid artery MR imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['DWI brain injury', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'minor stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA type VI plaque']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['TIA']


abstract: Transient @entity63 leads to the delayed degeneration of CA1b hippocampal pyramidal cells. In previous studies using the gerbil carotid occlusion model, we demonstrated that CA1b pyramidal cell degeneration is preceded by a period of enhanced excitatory transmission. Experiments with hippocampal slices prepared after 5 minutes of bilateral carotid artery occlusion show that @entity63 enhances excitatory synaptic transmission and reduces pyramidal cell excitability before it abolishes synaptic function. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that these effects require the activation of @entity1024 receptors during the postischemic period. Hippocampal slices were prepared 20-30 minutes after carotid occlusion, and Schaffer collateral-commissural input-output curves were constructed from recordings made every 30-60 minutes for 11-14 hours. Inclusion of the selective, reversible @entity1024 receptor antagonist @entity8547 in the superfusion medium completely prevented the progressive loss of pyramidal cell excitability that normally follows this @entity63 insult. This antagonist also prevented the postischemic increases in the duration and initial slope of the focally-recorded excitatory postsynaptic potential. The antagonist could still partially block the effects of transient @entity63 when treatment was delayed for 4 hours. Our results confirm that the deleterious electrophysiologic changes in area CA1b depend on the continuing activation of @entity1024 receptors. Delayed @entity528 may result, in part, from excessive synaptic excitation during the postischemic period. However, other factors that are eliminated by preparing hippocampal slices appear to play an important role as well.

title: Postischemic synaptic excitation and XXXX receptor activation in gerbils.

entities_list: @entity8547 :: ('MESH:C050592', 'Chemical') :: ['3-((+-)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: Testing for drugs of abuse in sample matrices alternative to urine such as blood, sweat, and saliva have received increasing attention and is needed, for example, in traffic medicine. @entity1 breath is known to contain a large number of substances including non-volatile molecules. We explore whether intake of @entity889 could be detected by analytical investigation of exhaled breath from @entity734 . Exhaled breath was collected from 12 @entity734 @entity1 after recovering from @entity8769 . Self-reported intake of " @entity4944 " was confirmed by analysis of urine and plasma. The compounds were trapped by filtering the air through a modified silica surface and subsequently analyzed by a combined liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. As a control, exhaled breath was collected in the same way from eight healthy volunteers. Here we report for the first time that @entity4944 and @entity888 are present in exhaled breath following ingestion of these compounds by @entity734 . Both @entity4944 and @entity888 were indisputably identified by means of the mass spectrometry technique in exhaled breath samples from all 12 @entity1 . Identifications were based on monitoring two product ions in selected reaction monitoring mode and having correct relative ratios (+/- 20%). Excretion rates ranged from 0.2 to 139 pg/min. No @entity4944 or @entity888 was detected in the control subjects. This finding, using a yet non-validated sampling procedure, opens a new possibility for drugs-of-abuse testing. Collection of exhaled breath is likely to be more convenient and safe as compared to matrices presently in use.

title: XXXX detected in exhaled breath from @entity734 : A new possible method for drugs-of-abuse testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addict', 'drug addicts']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['acute intoxication']

answer: @entity889 :: (MESH:D000662,Chemical) :: ['Amphetamines']


abstract: Vertically unstable sacral @entity174 often make it difficult to achieve rigid fixation and there is no consensus on the optimal fixation technique for these injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate complication rate and short-term outcome of vertically unstable sacral @entity174 treated by posterior transiliac plate fixation. We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of @entity1 who underwent posterior transiliac plating for sacral @entity174 at two institutions. All @entity1 were treated with the standard posterior approach using a 4.5-mm reconstruction plate and followed for at least 12 months. @entity1 ' demographics, Majeed functional questionnaire surveys, and radiographic outcomes were collected. There were 19 @entity1 with a mean age of 37.5-years. The mean follow-up was 26.3 months. The most frequent mechanism of injury was a fall from a height. According to the AO/OTA classification, there were 10 C1, 6 C2, and 3 C3, which were classified as 2 Denis I, 20 Denis II, and 2 Denis III, including 5 bilateral sacral @entity174 . @entity51 at the initial examination was recorded in 10 @entity1 . The mean ISS was 20.7 and the mean timing of the internal fixation was 6.4 days. Anterior internal fixation of pelvic ring was added in eight @entity1 . A Morel-Lavallee lesion was identified in 5 @entity1 during the operation. Reductions were graded as nine excellent, seven good, and three fair according to the method of Tornetta. There were two postoperative surgical wound @entity281 , both occurring in @entity1 with a Morel-Lavallee lesion. All the sacral @entity174 united eventually and no implant failure occurred, though there were two @entity1 with a small loss of reduction (<5mm) over the follow-up period. A total of 18 @entity1 completed the functional assessment with a mean score of 78.5 points. Posterior plate fixation of vertically unstable sacral @entity174 is effective in maintaining @entity174 reduction even in the presence of significant posterior comminution. We caution its use in the presence of a known Morel-Lavallee lesion, as this may increase the wound complication and @entity281 risk.

title: Outcome and complications of posterior transiliac plating for vertically unstable sacral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of @entity4616 among @entity1 with cryptogenic @entity64 is higher than that in the general population. Closure with a percutaneous device is often recommended in such @entity1 , but it is not known whether this intervention reduces the risk of recurrent @entity64 . METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Current Contents Connect, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Original data were abstracted from each study and used to calculate a pooled event rate (ER), odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: Only three randomised trials comprising 2303 @entity1 met full criteria for analysis. Procedural success (ER: 94.20%, 95% CI: 87.6-97.4%) and effective closure (ER: 92.70%, 95% CI: 85.9-96.4%) of closure therapy were good. The odds ratio for @entity64 (OR: 0.654, 95% CI: 0.358-1.193) and transient @entity2142 (OR: 0.768, 95% CI: 0.413-1.429) did not confer a benefit of @entity22105 closure over medical therapy. Age {<45 years (OR: 0.449, 95% CI: 0.117-1.722), >45 years (OR: 0.707, 95% CI: 0.27-1.856)}, gender {males (OR: 0.498, 95% CI: 0.247-1.004), females (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.597-2.255)}, substantial shunt size (OR: 0.354, 95% CI: 0.089-1.406) and the presence of @entity439 (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.21-2.33) did not influence the treatment effect of @entity22105 closure. However, the adverse events like major @entity455 (OR: 10.905, 95% CI: 1.997-59.562) and @entity955 (OR: 3.297, 95% CI: 0.874-12.432) were significantly higher in the closure group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with cryptogenic @entity64 or @entity4905 who had a @entity4616 , closure with a device does not confer an advantage over medical therapy and is associated with adverse events like major @entity455 and @entity955 .

title: Is transcatheter closure better than medical therapy for cryptogenic XXXX with @entity4616 ? A meta-analysis of randomised trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complication']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic attack']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity6850 is an orally active prophylactic agent for the management of @entity565 and @entity56 . Accumulated evidence indicates that after 6 to 12 weeks of administration, @entity6850 significantly reduces respiratory symptoms and the need for concomitant antiasthmatic drugs in about 70% and 50%, respectively, of @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity565 . However, absolute improvement in lung function is generally slight. @entity6850 also has pronounced antihistaminic and antianaphylactic properties which result in moderate to marked symptom improvement in the majority of @entity1 with @entity483 , @entity2023 , @entity56 , chronic or acute @entity110 or @entity5419 . Comparative trials with established agents--notably @entity9992 ( @entity9992 ) in @entity565 and @entity112 H1-antagonists in @entity56 --indicate that @entity6850 has comparable clinical utility. Unlike inhaled @entity9992 , @entity6850 ameliorates the symptoms of @entity565 , @entity2490 and @entity1909 when present together in @entity1097 @entity1 . @entity1 acceptance of @entity6850 is good, although sedation can be troublesome in older @entity1 and adults for the initial 2 weeks of treatment. Weight gain is another notable effect in a small percentage of @entity1 . Thus, @entity6850 appears to be a useful agent for the management of @entity56 and @entity565 , particularly in @entity1 for whom oral therapy is preferred. Although a lengthy run-in period is needed in the treatment of @entity565 , in those @entity1 who respond, continued reduction in the frequency and severity of symptoms and in the use of additional antiasthmatic drugs can be anticipated.

title: XXXX . A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in @entity565 and @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal or perennial rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders', 'allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['cromolyn sodium', 'sodium cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity6850 :: ('MESH:D007665', 'Chemical') :: ['ketotifen', 'Ketotifen']

answer: @entity6850 :: (MESH:D007665,Chemical) :: ['Ketotifen']


abstract: The expression of several proto-oncogenes and growth factors was analyzed in normal skin and @entity75 by RNA blot hybridization. Isolation of intact RNA from frozen biopsy samples required immediate exposure to denaturants during tissue homogenization. @entity10784 and cyclophilin transcripts were used as internal controls. These transcripts were abundant and slightly but significantly elevated in @entity75 . When results were normalized according to these reference transcripts, there was no increase in the expression of @entity517 , c-Ha-ras, @entity470 , @entity1178 , or @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) transcripts in @entity75 , and lesional @entity1639 transcripts were decreased relative to normal skin. In contrast, expression of @entity7790 mRNA transcripts were markedly increased in @entity75 even after normalization. Placement of normal or psoriatic tissue in organ culture for 2 to 4 h resulted in strong induction of @entity1639 , @entity1178 , and @entity517 transcripts, but not of the other genes studied. Thus, overexpression of proto-oncogenes may be more characteristic of the epidermal response to @entity131 characteristic of @entity1569 . @entity379 ( @entity379 ) increased @entity7790 mRNA levels in cultured @entity1 KC at long time intervals (24-48 h). However, of various cytokines tested, only EGF and @entity7790 induced @entity7790 mRNA after short time intervals (2-4 h). These results as well as the selective overabundance of @entity7790 mRNA in @entity75 among various cytokines tested suggest that activation of the @entity470 @entity669 kinase by @entity7790 is important in the pathogenesis of @entity1373 .

title: Growth factor and proto-oncogene expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute injury than of the steady-state hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['c-erbB (EGF receptor)', 'EGF receptor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Interleukin 1 ( @entity5003 ) has been shown to prevent early bone marrow-related @entity204 , by protecting hematopoietic stem cells and speeding marrow repopulation. This study assesses the effect of @entity5003 on the radiation response of the intestinal mucosal stem cell, a nonhematopoietic normal cell relevant to clinical radiation therapy. As observed with bone marrow, administration of @entity1 recombinant @entity1356 (4 micrograms/kg) to C3H/Km @entity19 20 h prior to total-body irradiation modestly protected duodenal crypt cells. In contrast to bone marrow, @entity5003 given 4 or 8 h before radiation sensitized intestinal crypt cells. @entity5003 exposure did not substantially alter the slope of the crypt cell survival curve but did affect the shoulder: the X-ray survival curve was offset to the right by 1.01 +/- 0.06 Gy when @entity5003 was given 20 h earlier and by 1.28 +/- 0.08 Gy to the left at the 4-h interval. Protection was greatest when @entity5003 was administered 20 h before irradiation, but minimal effects persisted as long as 7 days after a single injection. The magnitude of radioprotection at 20 h or of radiosensitization at 4 h increased rapidly as @entity5003 dose increased from 0 to 4 micrograms/kg. However, doses ranging from 10 to 100 micrograms/kg produced no further difference in radiation response. Animals treated with saline or @entity5003 had similar core temperatures from 4 to 24 h after administration, suggesting that thermal changes were not responsible for either sensitization or protection. @entity19 irradiated 20 h after @entity5003 had significantly greater crypt cell survival than saline-treated irradiated controls at all assay times, which ranged from 54 to 126 h following irradiation. The intervals to maximum crypt depopulation and initiation of repopulation were identical in both saline- and @entity5003 -treated groups, suggesting that @entity5003 altered absolute stem cell survival but not the kinetics of repopulation.

title: Interleukin 1 beta initially sensitizes and subsequently protects XXXX intestinal stem cells exposed to photon radiation.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death following total-body irradiation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Surgical resection of liver metastases from @entity14 can offer long-term survival and cure in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 isolated to the liver. We present a case of a recurrent liver @entity3 from @entity5 , managed with ante-situm liver resection under total vascular exclusion and venovenous bypass with hypothermic perfusion. A 58-year-old @entity1 , who was diagnosed with liver @entity3 from @entity5 underwent a left lateral sectionectomy in January 2006. A recurrent lesion developed 1 year after the first hepatectomy. The @entity5 was 5 cm in size, locating at segments I, IV, and @entity797 . It was involved in the origin of middle hepatic vein and retro-hepatic vena cava. We performed ante-situm liver resection under total vascular exclusion and venovenous bypass with hypothermic perfusion. The @entity1 remains well without recurrence for 12 months after the last operation. Ante-situm technique made it easy to approach and completely removes the recurrent lesion locating at hardly accessible site and having the incomplete removal risk by conventional liver resection. The authors also reconfirmed that repeat hepatectomy is valuable in recurrent @entity14 .

title: Ante-situm liver resection in recurrent liver XXXX from @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the technical and clinical outcome of percutaneous insertion of tunneled peritoneal catheters in the palliative treatment of refractory @entity5 and to determine the safety and feasibility of intraperitoneal administration of cytotoxic drugs through the tunneled catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 palliatively treated with a tunneled peritoneal catheter to drain the @entity5 were identified. @entity1 ' medical history, procedural and clinical follow-up data, including complications and estimated survival, were reviewed. Additionally, a sub analysis of the @entity1 with @entity43 and refractory @entity843 treated with or without intraperitoneal administration of cytotoxic drugs was made. RESULTS: In all 94 @entity1 it was technically feasible to insert the peritoneal drainage catheter and to drain a median of 3260 cc (range 100 cc - 8500 cc) of malignant ascitic fluid. Post procedural complications included @entity1212 (n = 2; 2%), fluid leakage around the entry site (n = 4; 4%), catheter occlusion (n = 2; 2%), sleeve formation around the catheter tip (n = 1; 1%) and accidental loss of the catheter (n = 1; 1%). There was no increase in @entity1212 rate in @entity1 treated with or without intraperitoneal administration of cytotoxic drugs. Median overall survival after catheter insertion is 1.7 months. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous insertion of a tunneled Tenckhoff catheter for the palliative drainage of @entity5 and intraperitoneal infusion of cytotoxic drugs is feasible and associated with a very low complication rate, including @entity1212 . These tunneled peritoneal lines are beneficial for symptomatic palliative treatment of refractory @entity843 and allow safe intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

title: Tenckhoff tunneled peritoneal catheter placement in the palliative treatment of XXXX : technical results and overall clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['widespread ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant ascites']


abstract: In clinical practices, solution of @entity15438 (DH) and @entity6839 mal  ate (TM) is recommended for the treatment of @entity726 . However, low drug-contact time and poor ocular bioavailability of drugs due to drainage of solution, tear turnover and its dilution or lacrimation limits its uses. In addition, systemic absorption of TM may induce undesirable cardiovascular side effects. Chitosan (CS) is a polycationic biodegradable polymer which provides sustained and local delivery of drugs to the ocular sites. Hyaluronic acid (HA) also provides synergistic effect for mucoadhesion in association with chitosan. In the present study, @entity4023 modified chitosan nanoparticles (CS-HA-NPs) loaded with TM and DH were developed and characterized. The CS-HA-NPs were evaluated for size, shape, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and mucoadhesive strength. The in vitro release study was also performed in PBS pH 7.4. The ocular irritation potential of CS-HA-NPs was estimated using draize test on albino @entity95 . A significant reduction in IOP level was obtained using CS-HA-NPs as compared to plain solution of drug and a comparable higher reduction in IOP level was observed as to CS-NPs. These results suggest that HA potentialy enhance the mucoadhesiveness and efficiency of CS-NPs and may be promising carrier for ocular drug delivery.

title: Hyaluronic acid modified chitosan nanoparticles for effective management of XXXX : development, characterization, and evaluation.

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: The amygdala has long been implicated in conditioned fear. The mesencephalic dopaminergic system provides a rich innervation to the amygdala [J.H. Fallon, P. Ciofi, Distribution of @entity1154 within the amygdala, in: J.P. Aggleton (Ed.), The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory and @entity409 , Wiley, New York, 1992, pp. 97-114; L.J. Freedman, M.D. Cassell, Distribution of dopaminergic fibers in the central division of the extended amygdala of the @entity35 . Brain Research 633 (1994) 243-252; E. Asan, The catecholaminergic innervation of the @entity35 amygdala. Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology 142 (1996) 1-107]. Specific activation of the mesoamygdaloid dopaminergic system has been reported to occur in response to conditioned fear-arousing stimuli [M.L. Coco, C.M. Kuhn, T.D. Ely, C.D. Kilts, Selective activation of mesoamygdaloid @entity935 neurons by conditioned stress: attenuation by @entity3175 . Brain Research 590 (1992) 39-47] suggesting that @entity935 release in the amygdala may contribute to the acquisition and/or expression of conditioned fear. Using a 2x2 factorial design, Experiment 1A investigated the effects of bilateral intra-amygdaloid infusions of the selective D1 receptor antagonist, @entity10095 (2.0 microgram 0.5 microliter-1 side-1), on the acquisition and expression of Pavlovian conditioned fear measured by freezing to acoustic and background contextual stimuli. Infusions of @entity10095 prior to acquisition training, prior to retention testing or prior to both significantly attenuated conditioned freezing during retention testing. Experiment 1B investigated the dose-dependent effects of pre-training infusions of @entity10095 (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 microgram) on conditioned fear. Pre-training infusions of @entity10095 dose-dependently attenuated conditioned freezing during retention testing. Experiment 2A investigated the effects of bilateral infusions of the selective D1 receptor agonist, @entity11639 (2.0 microgram 0.5 microliter-1 side-1) on the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear. Infusions of @entity11639 prior to training facilitated conditioned freezing during retention testing. Experiment 2B investigated the dose-dependent effects of pre-training infusions of @entity11639 (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 microgram) on conditioned fear. Pre-training infusions of @entity11639 dose-dependently facilitated conditioned freezing during retention testing. In conclusion, these results suggest that @entity935 transmission within the amygdala contributes to the acquisition and expression of @entity558 .

title: Amygdaloid D1 XXXX receptor involvement in @entity558 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Pavlovian fear conditioning']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stress @entity344 , causing, for example, delayed @entity356 and altered intestinal transit. However, little is known about the effect of various stress factors on gastric tone and gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of various kinds of stress on gastric tone and GMA in a @entity235 model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six @entity235 , implanted with a gastric cannula and one pair of gastric seromuscular electrodes, were studied. Three kinds of stress (visual, thermal, or audio stimulation) were applied in separate sessions. GMA and gastric tone were recorded for 30 min at baseline and 30 min during stress. RESULTS: Visual stress (blinding) did not alter gastric tone or GMA; cold stress (ice water) and audio stress (loud noise) significantly inhibited gastric tone: gastric volume was increased from 107.2+/-13.5 ml at baseline to 135.6+/-23.8 ml with cold stress (p=0.041), and from 106.4+/-5.7 ml at baseline to 159.2+/-15.1 ml with audio stress (p=0.007). Although the dominant frequency or power of gastric slow waves was not altered, the percentage of normal gastric slow waves was markedly reduced from 98.3+/-0.8 to 87.5+/-3.7 with cold stress and from 90.2+/-3.3 to 80.6+/-2.9 with audio stress (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cold- and audio stress inhibit gastric tone and impair gastric slow waves, whereas visual stress does not seem to have such effects. These findings will help to increase our understanding of @entity344 related to stress.

title: Inhibitory effects of various types of stress on gastric tone and gastric myoelectrical activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motor disorders', 'impairs gastrointestinal motility']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity0 @entity1 frequently develop @entity2588 during adjuvant chemotherapy. Despite @entity147 and severe @entity353 are possible causes for secondary @entity2588 in @entity5 @entity1 , it is in this case due to the gonadotoxicity of the cytostatic drugs. Alkylating agents, such as @entity786 , damage ovaries directly, resulting in @entity43 , @entity33422 and decline in @entity172 production. Elevated plasma levels of LH and FSH show adequate reaction of the hypothalamohypophyseal unit. There is no change in the @entity342 production of stromal cells as well as in the plasma levels of @entity4090 and adrenal @entity342 precursors. @entity2670 goes along with hot flushes, loss of libido and @entity546 . The onset of @entity2588 is age- and dose-related. Commonly the changes are irreversible. @entity172 replacement therapy promptly removes menopausal symptoms but is contra-indicated regarding the possible hormone-dependence of the @entity5 . In this case low dose @entity11796 is indicated.

title: [Effects of adjuvant chemotherapy of XXXX on gonadal function].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Premenopausal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxy-progesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['psychic distress']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian damage']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity33422 :: ('MESH:C537070', 'Disease') :: ['atretic follicles']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increasing evidence links @entity281 to @entity731 . Case-control and cohort studies have found that @entity281 , especially respiratory and dental, are associated with @entity301 . However, data on the association of @entity281 with @entity66 are limited, especially beyond Europe and the United States. We assessed the relationship between recent @entity281 and @entity66 in a South American cohort. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 105 cases and 354 control subjects in a Buenos Aires healthcare system matched by age (mean age, 73.2+/-12.3 and 72.9+/-12.8 years), sex, and major cardiovascular risk factors. Cases were @entity1 hospitalized with atherothrombotic @entity385 from December 2006 to October 2007. Control subjects were randomly assigned from an electronic outpatient database. Data from the preceding year on inpatient and ambulatory respiratory, @entity293 as well as peripheral white blood cell count were collected. RESULTS: Infections were more frequent in cases than control subjects (29% versus 13%; OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.5; P=0.0004); however, this was driven by community-acquired @entity1729 (19% versus 6%; OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.9 to 8; P<0.001) because there were no differences between cases and control subjects for other types of @entity281 . @entity1729 were the most prevalent @entity281 during the 3 months before an atherothrombotic ischemic event, occurring more in cases compared with control subjects (17% versus 4%; OR, 5; 95% CI, 2.2 to 11.3; P<0.001). In multivariable analysis adjusting for major vascular risk factors, history of @entity1729 in the prior year was associated more with cases than control subjects (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.3 to 10.2;P<0.001). White blood cell count was slightly higher in cases versus control subjects (7602+/-2058 versus 7121.6+/-1947, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this South American cohort, recent @entity1729 were significantly associated with @entity64 , suggesting that prompt identification and treatment of individuals with or at risk for these @entity281 may mitigate the burden from this type of @entity64 .

title: Recent XXXX predicts @entity64 : case-control study in a Buenos Aires healthcare system.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease', 'atherothrombotic disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'type of infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'Respiratory tract infections', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary and abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infection']


abstract: Effects of castration and anabolic implants on @entity1017 , rib soft tissue composition and serum hormones were studied in @entity291 using a completely random design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Half of 16 bulls and 16 steers (Angus or Angus x Brahman) aged 9 mo and weighing 290 kg were treated with an implant (200 mg @entity28189 and 24 mg @entity53 ). Half of each group were not treated with an implant. A growing diet was fed for 95 d and half the animals in each group were slaughtered. Animals in the treated groups were reimplanted with @entity28189 and fed a finishing diet for 84 d and slaughtered. Percentage dry matter, fat and protein were determined on soft tissue from the 9-10-11th rib. Two blood samples were collected from each animal every 2 wk. Serum was assayed for five hormones. During the growing phase, untreated and treated bulls and treated steers gained more weight and had leaner rib sections that untreated steers (P less than .05); after the finishing phase, there were no differences among groups. Untreated steers had @entity851 factor ( @entity4208 ) and higher @entity701 concentrations during both phases of growth than untreated bulls did (P less than .05). Treatment with implants increased @entity4208 concentrations in steers during both phases and reduced @entity701 during the finishing phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Growth and hormonal response of intact and castrate male XXXX to @entity28189 and @entity53 .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['lower insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity28189 :: ('MESH:D014204', 'Chemical') :: ['trenbolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical complications in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) are frequent and always severe. Those related to technical issues are relevant as they have implications not only on the graft but also on @entity1 survival. The aim of this study was to review our case-based data and experience with 5 @entity8 performed since December  2004. CASE REPORT: A 38 year-old @entity1 presented with @entity5277 due to massive @entity63 also affecting the celiac trunk. She also had moderate to severe @entity99 / @entity1560 with some degree of @entity82 on liver biopsy, due to long-term @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). An @entity8 was carried out in September 2010 including the liver, stomach, pancreatoduodenal complex with the spleen, and small bowel. The postoperative course was complicated by a leak from the pyloromiotomy, requiring reoperation on postoperative day 13. She also had central line @entity1212 and @entity8 , requiring renal replacement therapy, and was discharged on postoperative day 150. Fifteen days later she was hospitalized because of severe @entity490 associated with an abdominal mass. Computed tomography showed an aortic donor graft @entity2849 , so we decided to operate on the @entity1 . A complete resection of the @entity2849 using an interposed @entity736 graft was performed. Six months after the @entity8 , the @entity1 died due to @entity295 , despite a functional graft and complete digestive autonomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although this complication is rare, surgical complications in @entity8 are severe and may seriously impair graft and @entity1 survival.

title: Aortic Graft Mycotic XXXX as a Severe Complication After Multivisceral Transplantation: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MVT', 'renal impairment', 'multivisceral transplantation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infection']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['HPN', 'home parenteral nutrition']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['ultra-short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['Pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bacterial biofilms are dynamic and structurally complex communities, involving cell-to-cell interactions. In recent years, various environmental signals were identified that induce the complex biofilm development of the Gram-positive bacterium @entity3881 . These signaling molecules are often media components or molecules produced by cells themselves as well as those of other interacting species. The responses can also be due to depletion of certain molecules in the vicinity of the cells. Extracellular @entity921 ( @entity3281 ) is essential for proper biofilm development of @entity3881 . @entity3281 is also a component of practically all laboratory biofilm-promoting media used for @entity3881 . Comparison of complex colony biofilms in the presence or absence of supplemented @entity3281 using microarray analyses revealed that genes involved in biofilm formation are indeed down regulated in the absence of @entity3281 . Additionally, @entity3281 also affects the transcription of several other genes involved in distinct differentiation pathways of various cellular processes. The effects of @entity3281 on other biofilm related traits like motility, antimicrobial production, stress and sporulation were followed using fluorescent reporter strains. The global transcriptome and morphology studies highlight the importance of @entity3281 during biofilm development and provide an overview on the expressional changes in colony biofilms in @entity3881 .

title: The impact of @entity921 on biofilm development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of @entity281 in subjects with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), treated with an anti- @entity310 blocker during one year follow-up. The aim of the study was focused to evaluate the number of @entity166 episodes in two groups of @entity1 treated with etanercept ( @entity13469 ) plus @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) or @entity13469 plus @entity1500 and glucocorticoid drugs (GCs/ @entity229 ) for a 12 months period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine out of 122 @entity309 @entity1 treated with an anti- @entity310 drug ( @entity13469 ) were included in an outpatient control system within the Immunology Department Sapienza-University of Rome-II; School of Medicine. @entity309 @entity1 were studied during the first year after @entity13469 introduction. Particularly 20 @entity309 @entity1 have been included in a subgroup. For these 20 @entity1 @entity281 have been monitored for 2 years: 12 months before and 12 months after @entity13469 treatment starting. RESULTS: According to drugs administration protocols, after a careful screening aiming to exclude @entity9178 , 20 @entity1 have been treated with @entity13469 (10 of them received treatment in association to @entity1500 , while 10 were given a GCs therapy plus @entity1500 ). During the one-year @entity13469 treatment period, 7 @entity281 have been described in the group treated with @entity13469 , @entity1500 and GCs and no infection in the group treated with @entity13469 and @entity1500 . After analysing the infection number in the two groups of @entity1 , in the year preceding biological treatment no significant change arose. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity281 in subjects treated with the biological drug @entity13469 is well known. Our data show that after one year therapy the [ @entity13469 + @entity1500 +GCs] group is marked by a greater frequency of @entity166 episodes compared to the subjects treated with @entity13469 plus @entity1500 . Therefore, the additional @entity166 risk appears to be related to @entity134 therapy itself, though @entity281 were not serious.

title: Are glucocorticoids a consistent risk factor for XXXX in @entity309 @entity1 under treatment with @entity1499 and etanercept?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a video decision support tool on the preferences for future medical care in older @entity1 if they develop advanced @entity303 , and the stability of those preferences after six weeks. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial conducted between 1 September 2007 and 30 May 2008. Setting Four primary care clinics (two geriatric and two adult medicine) affiliated with three academic medical centres in Boston. @entity1 : Convenience sample of 200 older @entity1 (>or=65 years) living in the community with previously scheduled appointments at one of the clinics. Mean age was 75 and 58% were @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Verbal narrative alone (n=106) or with a video decision support tool (n=94). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preferred goal of care: life prolonging care (cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation), limited care (admission to hospital, antibiotics, but not cardiopulmonary resuscitation), or comfort care (treatment only to relieve symptoms). Preferences after six weeks. The principal category for analysis was the difference in proportions of @entity1 in each group who preferred comfort care. RESULTS: Among @entity1 receiving the verbal narrative alone, 68 (64%) chose comfort care, 20 (19%) chose limited care, 15 (14%) chose life prolonging care, and three (3%) were uncertain. In the video group, 81 (86%) chose comfort care, eight (9%) chose limited care, four (4%) chose life prolonging care, and one (1%) was uncertain (chi(2)=13.0, df=3, P=0.003). Among all @entity1 the factors associated with a greater likelihood of opting for comfort care were being a college graduate or higher, good or better health status, greater health literacy, white race, and randomisation to the video arm. In multivariable analysis, @entity1 in the video group were more likely to prefer comfort care than those in the verbal group (adjusted odds ratio 3.9, 95% confidence interval 1.8 to 8.6). @entity1 were re-interviewed after six weeks. Among the 94/106 (89%) @entity1 re-interviewed in the verbal group, 27 (29%) changed their preferences (kappa=0.35). Among the 84/94 (89%) @entity1 re-interviewed in the video group, five (6%) changed their preferences (kappa=0.79) (P<0.001 for difference). CONCLUSION: Older @entity1 who view a video depiction of a @entity1 with advanced @entity303 after hearing a verbal description of the condition are more likely to opt for comfort as their goal of care compared with those who solely listen to a verbal description. They also have more stable preferences over time. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00704886.

title: Video decision support tool for advance care planning in XXXX : randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The effect of @entity1218 on @entity4485 @entity7908 in 21 @entity2608 was examined. Vital signs monitored included respiration rate, heart rate, temperature, sleeping time,and time of reappearance of certain reflexes. Blood samples were obtained for @entity4485 assay. Two dose schedules for @entity1218 administration were used. One group of 6 animals received a single dose of 20 mg/kg 30 min after barbiturate administration, while the other group were received 3 injections of 20 mg/kg spaced at 30, 40 and 50 min after injection of @entity4485 . Both groups were sex balanced. @entity1218 administration resulted in dramatically increased respiration and heart rates and arrested the progress of barbiturate induced @entity2332 . The extended dose schedule prolonged increased respiration rate and a differential effect of @entity1218 on @entity4485 induced @entity2332 across sexes was observed. All animals regained reflexes sooner and sleeping time was reduced by 22%. No differences in @entity4485 blood levels with @entity1218 were observed. These results extend earlier work in rodents to primates and suggest a possible use of @entity1218 in cases of acute barbiturate intoxication.

title: Thyrotropin releasing hormone: antagonism of XXXX @entity7908 in the monkey.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity4485 :: (MESH:D010424,Chemical) :: ['pentobarbital']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for @entity3 is considered controversial. Multicenter retrospective study was performed to gain new knowledge in this issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1997 till November 2008, 41 adrenalectomies were performed during follow-up of the @entity1 operated for @entity5 . The median age was 64 (52-77) years. @entity3 were confirmed in 31/41 cases. Metastatic lesions were further studied and to define factors influencing on survival, @entity1 were divided to sub-groups of metachronous/synchronous, @entity5 origin and @entity5 size. RESULTS: The median operative time was 104 (50-230) min, the median @entity190 was 100 (0-500) ml. One procedure (3.2%) was converted. There were 3 (10.7%) intraoperative and 2 (7.4%) @entity260 . The median @entity5 size was 6 (1.5-16) cm. Pathohistological analysis revealed 12 @entity1358 , 5 @entity2 , 4 @entity320 , and 1 hepatocellular @entity3 . The resection margin was not free in one case (3.7%). The median hospital stay was 2 (1-21) days. The median length of survival was 29 +/- 2.1 months for all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for @entity3 is feasible regardless of their sizes. However these procedures should be performed by highly skilled laparoscopic surgeon in a fully equipped operating room and with a coordinated operation team.

title: Should we use laparoscopic adrenalectomy for XXXX ? Scandinavian multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, 9 renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) facilitate the engraftment of @entity1 (h) hematopoietic stem cells when transplanted simultaneously in animal and @entity1 studies. However, the type of MSCs that preferentially enhance the engraftment of HSCs is unknown. Recent studies have shown that MSCs derived from a single source are heterogeneous in terms of cell size, morphology, proliferation rate, and differentiation potential. This study was designed to investigate the properties of UCB-MSCs, which influence the engraftment of hHSCs in a NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 model. We categorized MSCs as being the most effective (UCB-352 MSCs) or the least effective (UCB-156 MSCs) at promoting the homing and engraftment of HSCs, and compared the characteristics of these 2 MSC populations. We observed that the 2 populations showed differences in characteristics typical of immature MSCs, and related to proliferation potential. We showed that UCB-352 MSCs, which proliferate quickly, preferentially enhanced the engraftment of HSCs in NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 . In addition, we observed differences in the pattern of both @entity25910 and @entity7002 expression, and in the levels of cytokines such as @entity19149 and @entity10898 using flow cytometry and membrane arrays. The more effective UCB-352 MSCs expressed higher levels of @entity25910 and @entity7002 , which were associated with @entity44 , than did the UCB-156 MSCs. Furthermore, UCB-352 cells secreted greater levels of @entity19149 and @entity10898 , both of which are required for hematopoiesis. We propose that the proliferation potential of UCB-MSCs, coupled with their immature characteristics, may serve as a novel standard to promote the homing and engraftment of HSCs.

title: Correlation between the immature characteristics of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells and engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells in NOD/ @entity915 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) harbors frequent alterations in @entity986 , resulting in cell cycle dysregulation. A phase I study of @entity1205 and @entity13449 , a pan-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, demonstrated encouraging clinical activity in @entity788 . This phase II study was designed to further define the efficacy and @entity137 of this regimen in @entity1 with previously treated @entity788 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity136 -refractory, metastatic @entity788 were treated with @entity1205 35 mg/m(2) followed by @entity13449 80 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. @entity5 measurements were performed every two cycles. A Simon two-stage design was used to evaluate the primary endpoint of response. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were enrolled, and 9 were evaluable for response. No objective responses were observed; however, 3 @entity1 (33%) achieved transient stable disease, with one of these @entity1 achieving a 20% reduction in @entity5 size. Median survival was 4.2 months, with no @entity1 alive at the time of analysis. Adverse events were significant, with 7 @entity1 (78%) requiring >or=1 dose reduction for transaminitis (11%), grade 4 @entity1398 (33%), grade 3 @entity1295 (44%), and grade 3 @entity294 (22%). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity13449 and @entity1205 has minimal activity and significant @entity137 in this @entity1 population. These results reflect the challenges of treating @entity1 with @entity788 in a second-line setting where the risk/benefit equation is tightly balanced.

title: A phase II study of @entity13449 ( @entity13449 ) in combination with XXXX in refractory, metastatic @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity13449 :: ('MESH:C077990', 'Chemical') :: ['flavopiridol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic adenocarcinoma', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 and @entity410 are reported among the neurological manifestations of @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) at a prevalence rate of approximately 8%, which is nearly 10 times the prevalence of @entity302 in the general population. The association of @entity410 with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) is even more significant in the presence of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). In this review, we discuss the epidemiological, pathophysiological, laboratory, clinical, and radiological aspects of this association, and derive suggestions on when to consider testing for aPL in @entity302 @entity1 and how to manage @entity410 secondary to @entity1701 based on literature data. @entity302 due to @entity1701 should be considered in young @entity1 presenting with @entity410 of unknown origin. @entity1315 seems to be particularly prevalent in @entity1701 @entity1 . The pathogenesis is complex and may not only involve micro- @entity715 , but also a possible immune-mediated @entity528 . @entity1 with @entity410 and positive aPL tend to develop @entity882 and livedo racemosa more frequently compared with those without aPL. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the imaging modality of choice in these @entity1 . The presence of @entity1252 and the presence of @entity16 significantly correlate with the presence of white matter changes on MRI. In contrast, the correlation between aPL positivity and the presence of white matter changes is very weak. Furthermore, MRI can be normal in more than 30-40% of @entity12319 @entity1 with or without aPL. aPL testing is recommended in young @entity1 presenting with atypical @entity410 and multiple hyper-intensity lesions on brain MRI in the absence of other possible conditions. New MRI techniques can better understand the pathology of @entity75 in neuro- @entity1701 . The therapeutic management of @entity302 @entity1 relies on anti- @entity302 treatment and anticoagulant agents when there is evidence of a @entity715 event. In the absence of consensual recommendations, the decision of lifelong anticoagulation is discussed on a case-by-case basis. The anti- @entity715 benefit of @entity6383 and @entity6817 is supported by several studies.

title: XXXX and @entity302 : when to test for antiphospholipid antibodies?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'Epilepsy', 'epileptic APS', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric lupus']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['Hughes syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: On echocardiography approximately one-third of @entity1 with severe @entity472 based on aortic valve area (AVA<1.0 cm(2)) demonstrate a non-severe mean pressure gradient (DeltaPm; < or =40 mm Hg) despite apparently normal left ventricular function. It has been suggested that inconsistent echocardiographic grading may be due to 'paradoxical' low @entity64 volume. However, the correct echocardiographic assessment of @entity64 volume hinges on the often problematic measurement of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether inconsistent grading and reduced @entity64 volume persist when the quantification of @entity472 is based on cardiac catheterisation which is independent of LVOT measurements. METHODS AND RESULTS: 333 consecutive @entity1 underwent cardiac catheterisation within 30 days after their index echocardiography showing an AVA < or =2 cm(2) and shortening fraction > or =30%. On invasive testing 85 @entity1 (26%) demonstrated inconsistent (AVA<1 cm(2) and DeltaPm< or =40 mm Hg) and 153 (46%) consistent grading (AVA<1 cm(2) and DeltaPm>40 mm Hg) with the remainder (28%) presenting with a calculated AVA> or =1 cm(2). Inconsistently graded @entity1 were older (71 vs 67 years, p<0.006) with no differences in sex or body surface area between groups. @entity64 volume and @entity64 volume index were significantly lower in inconsistently graded @entity1 (63+/-14 vs 73+/-18 ml and 35+/-7 vs 39+/-7 ml/m(2), respectively, both p<0.001). However, 41/85 (48%) of inconsistently graded @entity1 had a normal @entity64 volume index >35 ml/m(2). CONCLUSION: In the framework of current guidelines inconsistent grading of @entity472 is common, extends to cardiac catheterisation and is only partially explained by low @entity64 volume despite apparently normal left ventricular systolic function.

title: Inconsistent grading of XXXX by current guidelines: haemodynamic studies in @entity1 with apparently normal left ventricular function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic valve stenosis']


abstract: An increased incidence of @entity65 and @entity944 occurs after an earthquake. However, the mechanism underlying this is not clear. Previous studies attributed this phenomenon to earthquake-induced elevation of sympathetic activity. This study investigated the acute cardiovascular effects of the Wenchuan earthquake on @entity101 or suspected @entity101 @entity1 . We studied the role of earthquake-induced changes in blood pressure and heart rate in the occurrence of post-earthquake @entity65 . This study included 11 @entity1 who were undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring when the Wenchuan earthquake occurred. Trends in blood pressure and heart rate were analyzed, and blood pressure variability ( @entity15882 ) data were obtained. The mean post-earthquake blood pressure rose rapidly from 125.8+/-17.3/72.1+/-11.9 to 150.5+/-20.3/98+/-10.6 mm Hg (average time of first measurement was 13.8+/-6.3 min after the first @entity400 ), and blood pressure remained high until 6 h after the earthquake. Nighttime blood pressure declined to the mean pre-earthquake daytime levels. The mean daytime blood pressure after the earthquake was greater than the pre-earthquake daytime mean (systolic blood pressure: 138.9+/-14.6 vs. 129.5+/-13.6 mm Hg, P=0.009; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 81.8+/-13.1 vs. 76.9+/-11.9 mm Hg, P=0.011). Pre- and post-earthquake @entity15882 differed among individuals, but circadian variation was absent in all cases and nightly decreases were less than 10%. These data strongly suggest that significant post-earthquake elevation of blood pressure and abnormal circadian variation of blood pressure are related to the occurrence of post-earthquake @entity65 .

title: Acute cardiovascular effects of the Wenchuan earthquake: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring of @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate treatment outcome of @entity1 with high risk locally advanced @entity356 after postoperative chemoradiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2003 and May 2012, thirteen @entity1 who underwent postoperative chemoradiotherapy for @entity356 with resection margin involvement or adjacent structure invasion were retrospectively analyzed. Concurrent chemotherapy was administered in 10 @entity1 . Median dose of radiation was 50.4 Gy (range, 45 to 55.8 Gy). RESULTS: The median follow-up duration for surviving @entity1 was 48 months (range, 5 to 108 months). The 5-year overall survival rate was 42% and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 28%. Major pattern of failure was peritoneal seeding with 46%. Locoregional recurrence was reported in only one @entity1 . Grade 2 or higher @entity344 occurred in 54% of the @entity1 . However, there was only one @entity1 with higher than grade 3 @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Despite reported suggested role of adjuvant radiotherapy with combination chemotherapy in @entity356 , only very small portion of the @entity1 underwent the treatment. Results from this study show that postoperative chemoradiotherapy provided excellent locoregional control with acceptable and manageable treatment related @entity137 in @entity1 with high risk locally advanced @entity356 . Thus, postoperative chemoradiotherapy may improve treatment result in terms of locoregional control in these high risk @entity1 . However, as these findings are based on small series, validation with larger cohort is suggested.

title: Postoperative chemoradiotherapy in high risk locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Pathogenesis in the @entity25583 (-/-) @entity19 model of @entity26000 ( @entity26000 ) is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of the rod photoreceptors. On the opposite, cones degenerate rapidly at early ages. @entity2000 in @entity25583 (-/-) @entity19 , showing a null mutation in the gene encoding the @entity25583 ( @entity25583 ), was previously reported to depend on continuous activation of a residual transduction cascade by unliganded opsin. However, the mechanisms of apoptotic signals triggered by abnormal phototransduction remain elusive. We previously reported that activation of a @entity1379 -dependent pathway was associated with apoptosis of rod photoreceptors in @entity25583 (-/-) @entity19 during the course of the disease. In this study we first assessed whether activation of @entity1379 -mediated apoptotic pathway was dependent on constitutive activation of the visual cascade through opsin apoprotein. We then challenged the direct role of pro-apoptotic @entity1380 protein in triggering apoptosis of rod and cone photoreceptors.Quantitative PCR analysis showed that increased expression of pro-apoptotic @entity1380 and decreased level of anti-apoptotic @entity1379 were restored in @entity25583 (-/-)/ @entity23770 (-/-) @entity19 lacking the @entity23770 gene encoding rod transducin. Moreover, photoreceptor apoptosis was prevented as assessed by TUNEL assay. These data indicate that abnormal activity of opsin apoprotein induces retinal cell apoptosis through the @entity1379 -mediated pathway. Following immunohistological and real-time PCR analyses, we further observed that decreased expression of rod genes in @entity25583 -deficient @entity19 was rescued in @entity25583 (-/-)/ @entity1380 (-/-) @entity19 . Histological and TUNEL studies confirmed that rod cell demise and apoptosis in diseased @entity25583 (-/-) @entity19 were dependent on @entity1380 -induced pathway. Surprisingly, early loss of cones was not prevented in @entity25583 (-/-)/ @entity1380 (-/-) @entity19 , indicating that pro-apoptotic @entity1380 was not involved in the pathogenesis of cone cell death in @entity25583 -deficient @entity19 .This is the first report, to our knowledge, that a single genetic mutation can trigger two independent apoptotic pathways in rod and cone photoreceptors in @entity25583 -dependent @entity3054 . These results highlight the necessity to investigate and understand the specific death signaling pathways committed in rods and cones to develop effective therapeutic approaches to treat @entity6391 .

title: XXXX -induced apoptosis in @entity26000 : a dual role in rod and cone degeneration.

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['RP diseases']

entities_list: @entity25583 :: ('19892(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Rpe65', 'retinal pigment epithelium 65-kDa protein']

entities_list: @entity26000 :: ('MESH:D057130', 'Disease') :: ["Leber's congenital amaurosis", 'LCA']

entities_list: @entity3054 :: ('MESH:D029242', 'Disease') :: ['LCA disease']

answer: @entity1380 :: (12028(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Bax']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3562 and @entity28598 may be treatable risk factors for @entity73 and decline. @entity3562 , @entity73 , and @entity308 are all common in individuals with @entity8 , including kidney transplant recipients. Accordingly, we assessed the prevalence of @entity73 and @entity308 in transplant recipients and their association with kidney function, plasma total @entity1255 , and B-vitamin concentrations. SETTING: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction In Transplantation (FAVORIT) Ancillary Cognitive Trial (FACT), which included 183 @entity1 in FAVORIT who underwent detailed neuropsychological assessment before the study intervention. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.0    9.5 years (range: 7 to 386 months). @entity1 comprised 55.2% of the cohort, and the mean time between the current transplant and cognitive testing was 7.0    5.8 years. Twenty-four percent of @entity1 reported neurological or @entity146 complaints, and 30% exhibited symptoms of mild to severe @entity308 . Testing revealed evidence of significant and selective deficits in this population: 33% performed more than 1 standard deviation (SD) below normed means on a memory test, 58% fell lower than 1 SD below the norms on a test of attention and mental processing speed, and 33% to 42% fell lower than 1 SD below the norms on several tests of executive function. Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and lower @entity1501 were associated with poorer performance on tests of memory and executive function. CONCLUSIONS: These observations confirm previous reports of mood and @entity73 in adult kidney transplant recipients. Further research is needed to determine the benefit of B-vitamin supplementation and other interventions in this @entity1 population.

title: XXXX and @entity308 in adult kidney transplant recipients: baseline findings from the FAVORIT Ancillary Cognitive Trial (FACT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity28598 :: ('MESH:D014804', 'Disease') :: ['B-vitamin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: A study was conducted in 9 @entity1 with petit @entity302 to compare the plasma levels of @entity17979 after divided daily administration with those after single daily administration. The @entity1 received their previously established dose in divided doses for 4 wk, single morning doses for 4 wk, and again in divided doses for 4 wk. None of the @entity1 suffered petit mal @entity410 during the study. Three had grand mal @entity410 but the frequency did not differ between the dosage regimens. Plasma levels during the single-dose period peaked more rapidly and fell more quickly than during the other periods, but mean levels remained in the therapeutic range. The mean half-life of the drug in these @entity1 was 29 hr. For reasons not understood, plasma levels generally were lower in the second divided dose period than in the other two periods. No adverse experiences were reported during the study. The data indicate that @entity17979 is clinically effective when given in a single daily dose. This regimen offers advantages in convenience and possibly in @entity1 compliance.

title: XXXX dosage regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17979 :: ('MESH:D005013', 'Chemical') :: ['ethosuximide']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['mal epilepsy']

answer: @entity17979 :: (MESH:D005013,Chemical) :: ['Ethosuximide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examines changes in the prevalence of overweight and @entity28 in the Swiss general population from 1992/93 to 2002 and their relationship with changes in the distribution and effect of socioeconomic and health behavioural risk factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from telephone interviews of the non-institutionalized Swiss population aged 19 years and more were obtained from the Swiss Health Study 1992/93 (n = 13798) and 2002 (n = 17677). Binary logistic regression was used to address changes in overweight and @entity28 , defined as body mass index 25.0 kg/m(2) or more. The expected prevalence of overweight and @entity28 under adjusted models was computed to demonstrate the influence of changes in risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and @entity28 rose from 22.8% in 1992/93 to 30.9% in 2002 among @entity1 and from 41.1% to 48.1% among @entity1 . In international comparison, the increase in the overall prevalence of overweight and @entity28 in Switzerland was lower. Contrary to similar studies from other countries, the increase in prevalence was lower among @entity1 than that among @entity1 , possibly because of an increased protective effect of the observed health behavioural factors among @entity1 and unobserved behavioural factors among middle-aged @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Public health action should consider the potential of changing health behavioural factors in subgroups with a higher prevalence of overweight and @entity28 . Measures that stimulate, for instance, light physical activity or healthy diet, to be supported by changes in the obesogenic environment, should be encouraged. More evidence is needed for gender-specific approaches.

title: Changes in the prevalence of overweight and XXXX : some evidence from the Swiss Health Surveys 1992/93 and 2002.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2887 are currently enjoying extensive worldwide clinical applications because of their good bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile. Investigation into several aspects of the pharmacokinetic of all clinically relevant @entity2887 , have been carried out notably in Europe, USA and Japan. In view of the 'geonetical' (geographical influences on genetics-pharmacogenetics) differences, it is important that for the optimal therapeutic outcome, biodisposition studies on drugs are better conducted in the population and environments where wide and extensive use of the drug is anticipated. The Objectives of study were to see the pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy young male and female volunteers. This comparative study was conducted King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan, from July 2005 to December 2005. METHOD: In Pakistan where the use of antibiotics is more frequent by the general practitioners it is important to elucidate certain dose parameters it is also noticed that side effects are more in females than males so present study is conducted to calculate any differences in bioavailability on the basis of sex. The pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity800 were determined in each of the clinically health eight young @entity1 and @entity1 (mean age 23.9 and 25.1 years, respectively) following a single oral dose of 400 mg tablet. The method adopted was microbiological assay. RESULTS: The blood samples collected at predetermined time intervals after drug administration revealed almost twice as high concentration of the drug in plasma of the @entity1 than that in the @entity1 . The pharmacokinetic parameters revealed significantly (p < 0.01) higher values for area under curve (AUC) and C(max) and lower total body clearance (TBC) and volume of distribution in the @entity1 than in the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The gender differences in pharmacokinetic parameters indicate that the dose adjustment should be considered in male and female.

title: Gender differences on bioavailabity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['ofloxacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Little is known about how recent system-wide increases in demand for critical care have affected U.S. @entity341 ( @entity341 ). This study describes changes in the amount of critical care provided in U.S. @entity341 between 2001 and 2009. DESIGN: Analysis of data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the years 2001-2009. SETTING: National multistage probability sample of U.S. @entity2613 data. U.S. @entity2613 capacity was estimated using the National Emergency Department Inventory-United States. @entity1 : : @entity2613 @entity1 admitted a critical care unit. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS: Annual hours of @entity2613 -based critical care and annual number critical care @entity2613 visits. Clinical characteristics, demographics, insurance status, setting, geographic region, and @entity2613 length of stay for critically ill @entity2613 @entity1 . MAIN RESULTS: Annual critical care unit admissions from U.S. @entity341 increased by 79% from 1.2 to 2.2 million. The proportion of all @entity2613 visits resulting in critical care unit admission increased from 0.9% to 1.6% (ptrend < 0.001). Between 2001 and 2009, the median @entity2613 length of stay for critically ill @entity1 increased from 185 to 245 minutes (+ 60 min; ptrend < 0.02). For the aggregated years 2001-2009, @entity2613 length of stay for critical care visits was longer among black @entity1 (12.6% longer) and Hispanic @entity1 (14.8% longer) than among white @entity1 , and one third of all critical care @entity2613 visits had an @entity2613 length of stay greater than 6 hrs. Between 2001 and 2009, total annual hours of critical care at U.S. @entity341 increased by 217% from 3.2 to 10.1 million (ptrend < 0.001). The average daily amount of critical care provided in U.S. @entity341 tripled from 1.8 to 5.6 hours per @entity2613 per day. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of critical care provided in U.S. @entity341 has increased substantially over the past decade, driven by increasing numbers of critical care @entity2613 visits and lengthening @entity2613 length of stay. Increased critical care burden will further stress an already overcapacity U.S. emergency care system.

title: Increasing critical care admissions from U.S. XXXX , 2001-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency departments']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of hypoglycemic treatment regimens with cardiovascular adverse events and mortality in a large population of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 at increased cardiovascular risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This analysis included 8,192 overweight @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 from the @entity352 Cardiovascular Outcomes (SCOUT) trial randomized to lifestyle intervention with or without @entity352 for up to 6 years. @entity1 were grouped according to hypoglycemic treatment at baseline. The primary end point was the time from randomization to the first occurrence of a primary outcome event (POE), nonfatal @entity583 , @entity64 , resuscitation after @entity1167 , or @entity65 . Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the impact of antiglycemic treatment on POE and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Treatments for @entity164 2 @entity6 were as follows: diet alone (n = 1,394 subjects), @entity2449 monotherapy (n = 1,631), insulin monotherapy (n = 1,116), @entity4136 monotherapy (n = 1,083), @entity2449 plus @entity4136 (n = 1,565), and @entity2449 plus insulin (n = 1,000); 905 subjects experienced a POE and 708 died. @entity2449 monotherapy was associated with lower risk of POE than insulin (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.95; P = 0.02). Diet alone also was associated with lower risk of POE (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48-0.87; P = 0.004). @entity2449 monotherapy also was associated with lower mortality (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.99; P < 0.05), whereas no other monotherapies or combination therapies were significantly associated with POE or all-cause mortality compared with insulin as monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity28 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and high risk of @entity65 , monotherapy with @entity2449 or diet-only treatment was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events than treatment with insulin.

title: Association of hypoglycemic treatment regimens with cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and XXXX subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 : a substudy of the SCOUT trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['Sibutramine', 'sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of the health effects of low-level exposure to @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) on @entity1 through experiments, industrial, and community studies has shown inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE: To critically appraise available studies investigating the effect of @entity3958 on the central nervous system (CNS) and on respiratory function. METHODS: A search was conducted in 16 databases for articles published between January 1980 and July 2014. Two researchers independently evaluated potentially relevant papers based on a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria: 6 experimental, 12 industry-based studies, and 10 community-based studies (one article included both experimental and industry-based studies). The results of the systematic review varied by study setting and quality. Several community-based studies reported associations between day-to-day variations in @entity3958 levels and health outcomes among @entity1 with chronic respiratory conditions. However, evidence from the largest and better-designed community-based studies did not support that chronic, ambient @entity3958 exposure has health effects on the CNS or respiratory function. Results from industry-based studies varied, reflecting the diversity of settings and the broad range of @entity3958 exposures. Most studies did not have individual measurements of @entity3958 exposure. DISCUSSION: The results across studies were inconsistent, justifying the need for further research.

title: Effect of environmental exposure to XXXX on central nervous system and respiratory function: a systematic review of @entity1 studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen sulfide']