abstract: Both animal and @entity1 studies have demonstrated that exposure to chemical pollutants during critical developmental period causes adverse consequences later in life. In uterus, @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) exposure has been known to cause developmental @entity2359 , such as increased motor activity, reduced @entity1775 and @entity73 . The possible mechanism of the @entity73 induced by prenatal @entity14912 exposure was evaluated in this study. Pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity35 were given 0.1, 0.6, and 2.0 mg kg(-1) birth weight (bw) d(-1) by gavage from gestation day (GD) 0 to GD20. Control received 0.5% @entity9266 vehicle (4 ml kg(-1) bw d(-1)). @entity14912 concentration in hippocampus of offspring was observed on postnatal day (PND) 0 and PND21. The ultrastructure of hippocampus and the gene expression of synaptic vesicle associated proteins in offspring hippocampus, which were important for the neurotransmitter release, were investigated. The transmission electron photomicrographs of the offspring hippocampus from @entity14912 -treated maternal groups showed the ultrastructure of synapses was negatively affected. The offspring from @entity14912 -treated maternal groups also differed significantly from controls with respect to the expression of synaptic vesicle associated proteins. The mRNA levels of @entity12148 ( @entity12148 ), @entity26924 ( @entity26924 ), and @entity20099 ( @entity20099 ) were decreased in treated groups either on PND0 or on PND21. However, the mRNA level of @entity26925 ( @entity26925 ) decreased in 0.6- and 2.0-mg kg(-1) group on PND0, and showed no significant difference among control group and all treated groups on PND21. These results indicate that the @entity73 induced by @entity14912 may be attributed to the lower mRNA levels of synaptic vesicle associated proteins and the change of synaptic ultrastructure in hippocampus.

title: Prenatal exposure to XXXX in @entity35 resulted in long-lasting changes of expression of synapsins and @entity20099 .

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity1775 :: ('MESH:D020323', 'Disease') :: ['habitation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognitive function', 'impairment of cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity14911 :: (MESH:C076994,Chemical) :: ['perfluorooctanesulfonate']


abstract: It is reported that a cumulated percentage of the interval between the onset of symptoms and the first visit to a doctor ( @entity1 delay) and that between the first visit and diagnosis (doctor's delay) among @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) @entity1 demonstrate a straight line on the log-normal probability paper. Factors influencing the straight line nature of these delays were analyzed. The samples consist of 454 @entity1 who were diagnosed between 1986 and 1988, from the area served by the Kochi Chuo Health Center. They were divided into two groups; 125 @entity1 detected due to the manifestation of additional symptoms related to @entity378 while being treated for other diseases (group A), and 329 @entity1 detected only after the onset of @entity378 symptoms (group B). Results are as follows. 1) When considering all @entity1 (group A+B), @entity1 delay among cases found through positive examination of tubercle bacillus and the doctor's delay among cases whose bacillus examination was negative demonstrated a straight line. However @entity1 delay among bacillus negative cases demonstrated a downward tendency and the doctor's delay among bacillus positive cases demonstrated a upward tendency on the log-normal probability paper. 2) In the B group, both the @entity1 's and doctor's delay demonstrated virtually straight lines among both bacillus positive and negative cases. However, in the A group, a straight line among bacillus positive cases was demonstrated, while a downward tendency was revealed among the bacillus negative cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A study on the distortion of distributions of delays in detecting XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: Breast conserving surgery and postoperative breast radiotherapy were used to treat 219 cases of AJCC Stage I and II @entity0 at the Michael Reese and University of Chicago Hospitals. Most @entity1 were treated with lumpectomy and axillary sampling followed by breast irradiation to a dose of 46 Gy followed by a boost dose of 14-16 Gy to the surgical bed. The 5-year actuarial local control is 92%. Follow-up is 1 to 10 years and the median follow-up is 36 months. Of the seven @entity1 who recurred in the breast, three failed in the boost site and three failed adjacent to the boost site. The seventh @entity1 recurred diffusely in the breast and skin. Four of the seven recurrences were in @entity1 with positive surgical margins. The 5-year actuarial relapse-free survival is 80%. Factors which had an adverse affect on the cosmetic results were a scar length greater than 8 cm and a volume of resected breast tissue greater than 100 cm3. Treatment related complications were minor and infrequent. Breast conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy is effective in achieving local control with good to excellent cosmetic results.

title: Breast conserving surgery and definitive irradiation for early stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The perennial and evergreen twining vine, @entity31787 is an important herbal medicine with great economic value. However, gene expression information for flowers and leaves of @entity8470 remains elusive, which greatly impedes functional genomics research on this species. In this study, transcriptome profiles from leaves and flowers of @entity8470 were examined using next-generation sequencing technology. A total of 239.41 million clean reads were used for de novo assembly with Trinity software, which generated 150,523 unigenes with N50 containing 947 bp. All the unigenes were annotated using Nr, SwissProt, COGs (Clusters of Orthologous Groups), @entity74 ( @entity74 ), and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) databases. A total of 35,327 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P  <= 0.05) between leaves and flowers were detected. Among them, a total of 6602 DEGs were assigned with important biological processes including "Metabolic process," "Response to stimulus," "Cellular process," and etc. KEGG analysis showed that three possible enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of @entity13259 were up-regulated in flowers. Furthermore, the TF-based regulation network in @entity8470 identified three differentially expressed transcription factors between leaves and flowers, suggesting distinct regulatory roles in @entity8470 . Taken together, this study has provided a global picture of differential gene expression patterns between leaves and flowers in @entity8470 , providing a useful genomic resource that can also be used for functional genomics research on @entity8470 in the future.

title: Different Gene Expression Patterns between Leaves and Flowers in XXXX Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis.

entities_list: @entity8470 :: ('88149', 'Species') :: ['L. japonica', 'L japonica']

entities_list: @entity13259 :: ('MESH:D002726', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorogenic acid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GO', 'Gene Ontology']

entities_list: @entity31787 :: ('105884', 'Species') :: ['Lonicera japonica']

answer: @entity31787 :: (105884,Species) :: ['Lonicera japonica']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of @entity28 on length of surgery, @entity190 , and intra- and @entity260 in @entity1 who underwent retropubic surgery for stress urinary @entity322 . STUDY DESIGN: Of 449 @entity1 participating in a multicenter, randomized trial evaluating antibiotic prophylaxis in @entity1 with suprapubic catheters, 250 @entity1 underwent retropubic anti- @entity322 procedures. This is a prospective nested cohort study of these @entity1 , 79 (32%) of whom were @entity28 (body mass index 30 or greater) and 171 (68%) overweight or normal weight (body mass index less than 30). Data collected included demographic variables, past medical history, physical examination, and @entity260 . Data were analyzed with Fisher's exact for dichotomous variables, Student t tests for continuous variables, and analysis of variance for multivariate analysis. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: Obese @entity1 undergoing stress urinary @entity322 surgery were younger than nonobese @entity1 (48.7 versus 51.9 years, respectively, P < .019). The number and type of additional surgeries performed were similar between groups with the exception that @entity28 @entity1 were less likely to undergo abdominal apical suspensions (P = .006) or abdominal paravaginal repairs (P = .001); therefore, estimated @entity190 , change in hematocrit, length of stay, surgery, and suprapubic catheterization comparisons are adjusted for the performance of these procedures. Estimated surgical @entity190 was greater for @entity28 @entity1 (344 versus 284 P = .03); however, change in hematocrit was lower for @entity28 than nonobese @entity1 (6.6 versus 7.3, P = .048). Mean length of surgery was 15 minutes longer in @entity28 @entity1 (P = .02). Length of hospital stay did not vary between groups (P = NS). @entity3816 were uncommon (14 [5.6%]), with no difference between weight groups. Incidence of @entity293 , wound @entity281 , or @entity260 were likewise similar between groups (all P > .05). CONCLUSION: Surgery takes longer for @entity28 @entity1 , but @entity190 as recorded by change in hematocrit is lower. Major complications were rare and similar between weight groups, as were infectious complications.

title: @entity28 and retropubic surgery for stress XXXX : is there really an increased risk of @entity3816 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications', 'postoperative major complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['Major intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: @entity66 is very frequent in Western countries; in 5% of the cases it is the cause of serious @entity548 , @entity1344 and @entity204 . The authors report a case of 74 years old @entity1 with severe @entity360 . She was in antiplatelet treatment with @entity117 (100 mg/die) and @entity1397 (75 mg/die) for preventing the restenosis of medicated stents positioned to treat an @entity1187 . At the same time the @entity1 was under treatment for @entity1007 with @entity8671 (20 mg/die). The severe @entity548 demanded haemodynamic stabilization, achieved by colloid infusion and blood transfusions. The @entity548 continued; selective arteriography showed it's origin from the areas of the sigmoid and superior @entity6713 . During the procedure, embolization of the inferior mesenteric artery using spiral type BALT was performed, with consequent @entity548 interruption. Fifteen days after the embolization, a rectosigmoid colonoscopy showed a sigmoid @entity66 . The treatment with @entity117 and @entity1397 has surely contributed to the severity of the @entity548 . Recent experimental and clinical evidence suggests a possible antiplatelet effect of the statins.

title: [Massive XXXX due to @entity66 during antiplatelet therapy. Case report].

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease', 'Diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal arteries']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['lower gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent study showed that Gynura pseudochina DC. var. hispida @entity5240 . leaf extract (GP) can reduce the activation of the nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) pathway and suppress the release of interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, and @entity5 @entity39 factor -a, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity1569 completed a 4-week trial. Twice daily, they applied the GP ointment on @entity75 on one side of the body, and they applied 0.1% @entity2713 (TA) cream on the other side. The Targeted Area Score (TAS), Psoriasis Severity Index (PSI) scores, and Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) scores were assessed at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. Pre- and post-treatment skin samples were taken. Phosphorylation of NF-kB p65, Ki-67, and epidermal thickness were analyzed through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The TAS for @entity5105 , scaling, and induration and PSI scores decreased on both treated sides. A statistically significant difference was observed beginning at the first week of treatment. The GP ointment significantly decreased scaling scores. However, no significant differences were observed between the TAS for @entity5105 and induration or the PSI and PGA scores. Immunohistochemical staining revealed diminution of phosphorylated NF-kB p65, Ki-67, and epidermal thickness in the lesions treated with the GP ointment. The ointment was well tolerated, with minimal side effects. No @entity854 were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The GP ointment demonstrated efficacy similar to that of 0.1% TA cream for mild to moderate @entity102 . In addition, its short-term side effects were minimal.

title: The Efficacy of Gynura pseudochina DC. var. hispida XXXX . Ointment in Treating @entity102 : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity5240 :: (204711,Species) :: ['Thv']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8344 (PVB19) has been associated with @entity2401 putative due to endothelial infection. Whether PVB19 infects endothelial cells and causes a modification of endothelial function and @entity32 and, thus, disturbance of microcirculation has not been elucidated and could not be visualized so far. METHODS AND FINDINGS: To examine the PVB19-induced endothelial modification, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) color reporter gene in the non-structural segment 1 (NS1) of PVB19. NS1-GFP-PVB19 or GFP plasmid as control were transfected in an endothelial-like cell line (ECV304). The endothelial surface expression of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 / @entity2071 ) and @entity8206 ( @entity8206 / @entity8206 ) were evaluated by flow cytometry after NS-1-GFP or control-GFP transfection. To evaluate @entity1423 on NS-1 transfected ECs, we performed a dynamic adhesion assay (flow chamber). NS-1 transfection causes endothelial activation and enhanced expression of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 : mean    standard deviation: NS1-GFP vs. control-GFP: 85.3    11.2 vs. 61.6    8.1; P<0.05) and induces endothelial expression of @entity8206 / @entity8206 ( @entity8206 : mean    SEM: NS1-GFP vs. control-GFP: 114    15.3 vs. 80    0.91; P<0.05) compared to control-GFP transfected cells. Dynamic adhesion assays showed that adhesion of platelets is significantly enhanced on NS1 transfected ECs when compared to control-GFP (P<0.05). The transfection of ECs was verified simultaneously through flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. CONCLUSIONS: GFP color reporter gene shows transfection of ECs and may help to visualize NS1-PVB19 induced endothelial activation and @entity1423 as well as an enhanced monocyte adhesion directly, providing in vitro evidence of possible microcirculatory dysfunction in PVB19-induced @entity2401 and, thus, @entity296 .

title: Green fluorescent protein (GFP) color reporter gene visualizes XXXX non-structural segment 1 (NS1) transfected endothelial modification.

entities_list: @entity8206 :: ('682', 'Gene') :: ['EMMPRIN', 'CD147', 'extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet adhesion']

entities_list: @entity8344 :: ('10798', 'Species') :: ['Human Parvovirus B19']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular-adhesion molecule-1', 'CD54']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity8344 :: (10798,Species) :: ['parvovirus B19']


abstract: This paper summarises the current evidence on @entity851 in the early (< 1 month of age) treated @entity6750 and the influencing factors. A literature search revealed only few citations that compared outcome with matched controls. In all but one, the median age of treatment onset was >2 weeks. Mean Global IQ scores are about 10 points lower and remain identifiable in adulthood. Verbal and performance scores are usually similar. Deficits persisting into adolescence and adulthood involve the visuomotor, memory, attention and posture domains. Lower academic performance is common in the early years. Prenatal factors associated with a worse prognosis are aetiology ( @entity16490 ), low birth weight, associated complications and severity of @entity1375 . Postnatal factors are age at onset of treatment (>1 month), lower @entity1955 dose at onset (<8 mcg/kg/day), late normalisation of thyroid function (>2 weeks after treatment), and a lower socio economic family status. The author proposes the evaluation of a multi centre cohort with a median age of treatment onset <1 week, TSH normalisation by <3 weeks with treatment thyroxine levels maintained in the 3rd quartile for age. The outcome of this cohort should indicate if current targets in management need to be revised.

title: XXXX in early-treated @entity6750 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-developmental deficits']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroid']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['Neuro-developmental deficits']


abstract: The effects of dietary protein and converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) on chronic @entity8424 @entity8 (PAN) were studied. PAN was induced with seven SQ injections of @entity8424 20 mg/kg over 10 weeks in male @entity35 . The @entity35 were divided into a 22.5% protein diet group (Gr 1), a 6% protein diet group (Gr 2), and an @entity4688 -treated group on 22.5% protein diet (Gr 3). Group 4 animals served as age-matched controls. Both diets were isocaloric and had the same @entity3151 content. @entity35 from groups 1, 2, and 4 were sacrificed at 12, 18 and 24 weeks. Five @entity35 of group 3 were sacrificed at 12 weeks, and the others were divided in subgroups 3A (diet changed to 6% protein) and 3B (no changes); half of each subgroup was sacrificed at 18 and 24 weeks, respectively. Group 2 had significantly less @entity644 than group 1 at all times. Group 3 had the same @entity644 as group 1 until 12 weeks and then began to decrease. In group 3A @entity644 decreased to group 2 levels, while in group 3B the decrease was slower but still prominent. Early lesions of focal and segmental @entity8 / @entity6517 (FSH) were present in groups 1, 2, 3 at 12 weeks (16 +/- 1.2%, 15 +/- 1.3%, 7 +/- 1.3%, respectively, versus 1.3 +/- 0.4% in controls), but by 18 weeks a reversal in FSH was seen in groups 2 and 3A/B (3 +/- 1.6%, 2 +/- 0.4%, and 3 +/- 0.9%, respectively, vs. 14 +/- 1.5% in group 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enalapril and low protein reverse chronic @entity8424 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity6517 :: ('MESH:D057770', 'Disease') :: ['hyalinosis']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is an @entity66 process. Bacteria play a role in some @entity1 , by infection or stimulation of @entity32 . @entity794 (SA) appears to be implicated in a number of @entity166 and inflammatory mechanisms, and may be particularly relevant in @entity102 @entity1 with @entity480 and @entity565 . METHODS: Middle meatus swabs from control and @entity102 @entity1 collected during endoscopic sinus surgery were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Total bacterial count, SA prevalence, and SA abundance were examined with respect to @entity1 demographics and disease characteristics. RESULTS: Total bacteria, as measured by QPCR, was not statistically different between controls, @entity102 without @entity480 (CRSsNP), @entity102 with @entity480 (CRSwNP), or @entity102 with @entity565 groups (p < 0.09). Total bacterial counts did not correlate with disease severity as measured by Lund-Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores (p = 0.65). The prevalence of SA was similar between groups (15-25%); however, the abundance increased in @entity102 @entity1 with @entity2023 , @entity480 , and @entity565 . CONCLUSION: The paranasal sinuses are not sterile. SA is implicated in a subset of @entity102 @entity1 with @entity34945 . Further study is required to predict this subset of @entity1 , and to define the mechanisms of SA pathogenesis.

title: Prevalence and abundance of XXXX in the middle meatus of @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis, @entity480 , and @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['idiosyncratic and multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

entities_list: @entity34945 :: ('MESH:C565739', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps and/or asthma']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: We report the epidemiological data relative to @entity10217 observed through a century, 1887-1986, in Italy. It is evident both from mortality and morbidity data that in Italy three @entity3082 peaks have occurred in 1915-1918, in 1939-1943 and in 1968-1972 respectively. The first two @entity3082 episodes are likely to be connected with the World @entity22473 , the third one, recorded in other european and non european countries, probably reflects a pandemic recrudescence of the disease. The case fatality rate has shown periodic fluctuations connected with the epidemics and an average value of 10% until the sixties. Since then, the case fatality rate has stably decreased below that value. The seasonal distribution of the disease is similar both in the @entity3082 or non- @entity3082 period, with the higher incidence of cases between December and April and the lowest in August. There are no substantial differences in the regional distribution of the disease among the various regions of Italy. The distribution of cases, according to the different age-groups (0-14, 14-25, greater than 25 years old), indicates that the disease is more prevalent among the first group. However, in the last decade it is evident a trend of reduction among this group and a relative increase in other groups, in particular in subjects older than 25 years. In addition, @entity10217 is prevalent among the males in the first two decades of life (less than 25 years old) while, afterward, there is an equal incidence both in males and females. The higher prevalence suggests a role of various close environmental contacts, such as the military service.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in Italy: 1887-1986].

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis']

answer: @entity10217 :: (MESH:D008585,Disease) :: ['Meningococcal meningitis']


abstract: @entity1853 adenosyltransferase (MAT) is the cellular enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of @entity7726 ( @entity3874 ), the principal biological @entity5498 donor and a key regulator of hepatocyte proliferation, @entity204 and differentiation. Two genes, @entity19074 and @entity35782 , encode 2 distinct catalytic MAT isoforms. A third gene, @entity26985 , encodes a @entity35782 regulatory subunit. In @entity157 ( @entity157 ), @entity19074 downregulation and @entity35782 upregulation occur, known as the @entity19074 : @entity35782 switch. The switch is accompanied with an increasing expression of @entity26985 , which results in decreased @entity3874 levels and facilitates @entity5 cell growth. @entity7652 , an @entity23386 isolated from many medicinal herbs such as Coptis chinensis, has a wide range of pharmacological effects including anti- @entity5 effects. Because drug-induced microRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators in guiding their pharmacological effects, we examined whether microRNA expression is differentially altered by @entity7652 treatment in @entity157 . In this study, we used microRNA microarrays to find that the expression level of @entity19956 (previously named @entity10017 *) increased after @entity7652 treatment in the HepG2 @entity1 @entity157 cell line. To predict the putative targets of @entity19956 , we integrated the gene expression profiles of HepG2 cells after @entity7652 treatment by comparing with a gene list generated from sequence-based microRNA target prediction software. We then confirmed these predictions through transfection of microRNA mimics and a 3' UTR reporter assay. Our findings provide the first evidence that @entity19956 directly reduces the expression of @entity35782 and @entity26985 by targeting their 3' UTRs. In addition, an overexpression of @entity19956 increased intracellular @entity3874 contents, which have been proven to be a growth disadvantage for @entity157 cells. The overexpression of @entity19956 suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that @entity19956 functions as a @entity5 suppressor by directly targeting both @entity35782 and @entity26985 , indicating its therapeutic potential in @entity157 .

title: @entity19956 , a XXXX -induced miRNA, directly down-regulates @entity1 @entity1853 adenosyltransferases 2A and 2B and inhibits @entity157 cell growth.

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine', 'Berberine']

entities_list: @entity23386 :: ('CHEBI:24921', 'Chemical') :: ['isoquinoline alkaloid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['Methionine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity7652 :: (MESH:D001599,Chemical) :: ['berberine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Both objective and subjective aspects of social isolation have been associated with alterations in immune markers relevant to multiple @entity102 among older adults. However, these associations may be confounded by health status, and it is unclear whether these social factors are associated with immune functioning among relatively healthy adults. The goal of this study was to examine the associations between perceived loneliness and circulating levels of inflammatory markers among a diverse sample of adults. METHODS: Data come from a subset of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (n = 441). Loneliness was measured by three items derived from the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The association between loneliness and C-reactive protein ( @entity1851 ) and fibrinogen was assessed using multivariable linear regression analyses. Models were adjusted for demographic and health characteristics. RESULTS: Approximately 50% of @entity1 reported that they hardly ever felt lonely and 17.2% felt highly lonely. Individuals who were unmarried/unpartnered or with @entity308 were more likely to report being highly lonely. There was no relationship between perceived loneliness and ln( @entity1851 ) (b = -0.051, p = 0.239) adjusting for demographic and health characteristics. Loneliness was inversely associated with ln(fibrinogen) (b = -0.091, p = 0.040), although the absolute magnitude of this relationship was small. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that loneliness is not positively associated with fibrinogen or @entity1851 among relatively healthy middle-aged adults.

title: Loneliness, XXXX , and Inflammation: Evidence from the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['higher depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low birth weight has been related to an increased risk for developing @entity101 in adult life. The molecular and cellular analysis of umbilical cord artery and vein may provide information about the early vascular characteristics of an individual. We have assessed several phenotype characteristics of the four vascular cell types derived from @entity1 umbilical cords of newborns with different birth weight. Further follow-up studies could show the association of those vascular properties with @entity950 and adulthood blood pressure. METHODS: Endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures were obtained from umbilical cords from two groups of newborns of birth weight less than 2.8 kg or higher than 3.5 kg. The expression of specific endothelial cell markers ( @entity2880 factor, @entity2279 , and the binding and internalization of acetylated low-density lipoprotein) and the smooth muscle cell specific alpha-actin have been evaluated. Cell culture viability, proliferation kinetic, growth fraction (expression of Ki67) and percentage of senescent cells (detection of @entity1194 activity at pH 6.0) have been determined. Endothelial cell projection area was determined by morphometric analysis of cell cultures after @entity2279 immunodetection. RESULTS: The highest variation was found in cell density at the confluence of endothelial cell cultures derived from umbilical cord arteries (66,789 +/- 5,093 cells/cm(2) vs. 45,630 +/- 11,927 cells/cm(2), p < 0.05). Morphometric analysis indicated that the projection area of the artery endothelial cells (1,161 +/- 198 and 1,544 +/- 472 microm(2), p < 0.05), but not those derived from the vein from individuals with a birth weight lower than 2.8 kg was lower than that of cells from individuals with a birth weight higher than 3.5 kg. CONCLUSION: The analysis of umbilical cord artery endothelial cells, which demonstrated differences in cell size related to birth weight, can provide hints about the cellular and molecular links between lower birth weight and increased adult @entity101 risk.

title: Birth weight and characteristics of endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from XXXX umbilical cord vessels.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1194 :: ('2720', 'Gene') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity783 is a structurally unique, potent class 1 selective histone deacetylase inhibitor. The primary objective of this international, pivotal, single-arm, phase II trial was to confirm the efficacy of @entity783 in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who were refractory to at least one prior systemic therapy or for whom at least one prior systemic therapy failed received @entity783 at 14 mg/m(2) as a 4-hour intravenous infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. The primary end point was the rate of complete response/unconfirmed complete response (CR/CRu) as assessed by an independent review committee. RESULTS: Of the 131 @entity1 enrolled, 130 had histologically confirmed @entity3191 by central review. The median number of prior systemic therapies was two (range, one to eight). The objective response rate was 25% (33 of 130), including 15% (19 of 130) with CR/CRu. @entity1 characteristics, prior stem-cell transplantation, number or type of prior therapies, or response to last prior therapy did not have an impact on response rate. The median duration of response was 17 months, with the longest response ongoing at 34+ months. Of the 19 @entity1 who achieved CR/CRu, 17 (89%) had not experienced disease progression at a median follow-up of 13.4 months. The most common grade >=  3 adverse events were @entity882 (24%), @entity1398 (20%), and @entity281 (all types, 19%). CONCLUSION: Single-agent @entity783 induced complete and durable responses with manageable @entity137 in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity3191 across all major @entity3191 subtypes, regardless of the number or type of prior therapies. Results led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of @entity783 in this indication.

title: Results from a pivotal, open-label, phase II study of XXXX in relapsed or refractory @entity3191 after prior systemic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity783 :: ('MESH:C087123', 'Chemical') :: ['Romidepsin', 'romidepsin']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTCL', 'peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity783 :: (MESH:C087123,Chemical) :: ['romidepsin']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with oral @entity800 . Their mean age was 69 years. Seven of the @entity1 were @entity6 . @entity796 , sensitive to @entity800 (Kirby-Bauer method, inhibition zone greater than or equal to 22 mm), was isolated from the external auditory canal in all @entity1 . @entity800 (200 mg b.i.d.) was given to the @entity1 for 12 to 39 days. Two @entity1 also received additional parenteral antibiotic therapy. Subjective and objective improvement occurred in all @entity1 during treatment, and complete resolution was documented in all @entity1 , with one exception. Only one @entity1 suffered recurrence 2 weeks after discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy. The results of our study suggest that oral @entity800 is an effective treatment for @entity5 caused by @entity796 .

title: Oral @entity800 as treatment of XXXX : a study of 17 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant external otitis']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['Ofloxacin', 'ofloxacin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant external otitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : In several diseases, low muscle mass has been revealed as an unfavorable prognostic factor for outcome. Whether this holds true in @entity1 with solid @entity5 as well has increasingly been explored recently. However, this research field is severely hampered by a lack of consensus on how to determine muscle mass in @entity5 @entity1 and on the definition of low muscle mass. Consequently, the prevalence of low muscle mass varies widely across several studies. Nevertheless, most studies show that, in @entity1 with solid @entity5 , low muscle mass is associated with a poor outcome. In the future, more research is needed to get better insight into the best method to determine muscle mass, the exact prognostic value of low muscle mass in diverse @entity5 types and stages, pathophysiology of low muscle mass in @entity1 with @entity5 , and ways to intervene and improve muscle mass in @entity1 . This review addresses the current literature on the importance of muscle mass in @entity5 @entity1 and the methods of muscle measurement. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: An increasing number of studies underline the clinical value of low muscle mass as a prognostic factor for adverse outcomes in @entity5 @entity1 . However, studies show large heterogeneity because of the lack of a standardized approach to measure muscle mass and the lack of reference populations. As a result, the interpretation of data and further progress are severely hampered, hindering the implementation of muscle measurement in oncological care. This review summarizes the methods of diagnosing low muscle mass in @entity5 @entity1 , the difference between underlying syndromes such as @entity6288 and @entity3085 , and the association with clinical outcomes described so far.

title: The Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Low Muscle Mass in Cancer XXXX : A Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Food in the intestine drives the enterohepatic circulation of bile components. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether parenteral or enteral delivery of nutrients alters serum and biliary lipids in @entity3124 @entity1 . DESIGN: Eight @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) @entity1 who had received >/= 5 d of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were compared with 8 @entity1213 @entity1 who had fasted for >/=5 d. Both groups were studied before and after 5 d of enteral nutrition (EN). Each @entity1 served as his or her own control. Duodenal bile was analyzed for biliary lipid content and serum lipids were determined simultaneously. Duodenal bile samples from 18 healthy @entity1 served as controls. RESULTS: Bile salt concentrations in all @entity1213 @entity1 were 17% of control values before EN (P < 0.005) and 34% of control values after 5 d of EN (P < 0.005). Phospholipid concentrations were 12% of control before EN (P < 0. 0005) but increased almost 4-fold after EN (P < 0.0005). Biliary @entity165 concentrations were 20% of control values before EN (P < 0.001) and did not improve afterward. No difference in bile composition was observed between fasted @entity1213 @entity1 and those who received TPN. The inverse correlation between the severity of @entity221 and biliary lipid concentrations observed before EN disappeared with enteric stimulation. The low serum concentrations of HDL @entity165 and @entity1675 increased significantly with EN in all @entity1213 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Lack of EN during @entity3124 was associated with profound decrements in biliary lipid concentrations that normalized partially after 5 d of EN. We hypothesize that loss of enteric stimulation in @entity1213 @entity1 impairs hepatic lipid metabolism.

title: Lack of enteral nutrition during XXXX is associated with profound decrements in biliary lipid concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Septoplasty is a frequently performed operation by otolaryngologists to relieve @entity8968 . When objective measurements tools are not available, preoperative decision-making is based on careful clinical examination. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between type and severity of septal deviation and @entity1 -reported @entity8968 . METHODOLOGY: 196 @entity1 of a general otolaryngology population were included. @entity1 indicated subjective @entity8968 experienced during the past 1 month on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). @entity1 underwent clinical examination to evaluate type and severity of septal deviation. We compared clinical examination findings with @entity1 VAS. RESULTS: We did not find a statistical difference of VAS score between the different types and severities of septal deviation. In 33.9% of the cases without septal deviation, there was a corresponding VAS score of 0. In 26,8% of the cases with septal deviation, there was no complaint of @entity8968 (VAS = 0). In 7,4% of the cases, there was moderate to severe @entity8968 complaint (VAS over 4) though no septal deviation was found. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity1 -reported @entity8968 varies greatly among @entity1 with similar type of deviation and similar degree of deviation. Classification of septal deviation into type and severity cannot predict the degree of subjective @entity8968 . Therefore, the decision to proceed to septoplasty has to be thoughtful, with as much as information, based on the combination of @entity1 history, clinical examination, surgeons experience and cautious interpretation of objective measurement tools.

title: Type and severity of septal deviation are not related with the degree of subjective XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction', 'nasal obstruction complaints']

answer: @entity8968 :: (MESH:D015508,Disease) :: ['nasal obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to quantify insulin resistance in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 by estimated @entity413 disposal rate (eGDR), according to the presence or absence of the @entity209 , and its relationship with chronic complications. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study in 91 @entity1 with type 1 immune-mediated @entity6 managed at an outpatient endocrinology clinic. All @entity1 were Caucasians aged 18 yr or older with type 1 @entity6 duration of more than 6 months who had completed the study protocol. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 met @entity209 criteria, yielding a prevalence of 31.9%. Although no differences in insulin requirements were found between @entity6 @entity1 with and without @entity209 , lower eGDR levels, indicating greater insulin resistance, were observed in @entity209 @entity1 compared with those without (6.19 +/- 1.5 mg/kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) vs. 9.93 +/- 1.6 mg/kg(-1) x @entity1009 )) (P < 0.001). An eGDR level less than 8.77 mg/kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) showed 100% sensitivity and 85.2% specificity for @entity209 diagnosis. All @entity1 with @entity6 complications had eGDR values below 8.16 mg/kg(-1) x @entity1009 ). eGDR level was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity6 (5.97 +/- 1.2 mg/kg(-1) x @entity1009 )), @entity3949 (5.06 +/- 0.4 mg/kg(-1) x @entity1009 )), or @entity2316 (5.79 +/- 1.5 mg/kg(-1) x @entity1009 )) compared with those without (9.38 +/- 2.0 mg/kg(-1) x @entity1009 ), P < 0.001; 9.26 +/- 2.0 mg/kg(-1) x @entity1009 ), P < 0.001; and 9.19 +/- 2.2 mg/kg(-1) x @entity1009 ), P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance is common in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 and is associated with @entity532 . eGDR, as an insulin resistance marker, provides more useful information than other classical variables such as insulin requirements.

title: Estimated @entity413 disposal rate in assessment of the @entity209 and @entity532 in XXXX with type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The development of @entity18432 ( @entity18432 ), @entity652 and @entity5 following intrarectal administration of the alkylating agent @entity2482 ( @entity2482 ) has been described. However, microscopic lesions not previously reported were observed as soon as two weeks following carcinogen treatment. These lesions protrude slightly over the epithelial lining of the colon, with a micropolyp-like appearance. Oriented sections show that the centre of these lesions present pseudo-"cystic" appearance, with disorganized crypts made of normal cells. The chorion of the lesion is invaded by numerous inflammatory cells and some @entity18432 may be present nearby. The epithelium lining the cysts and the distorted crypts shows expression of gastric mucin M1/ @entity7941 , an early marker of @entity694 which is not present in normal colon. This mucin is retained within the "cysts" together with some inflammatory cells. The micropolyps observed contain in a minute form some histological elements described in @entity31 or short-term radiotherapy (distortion of crypts, crypt abscesses, increase of chorion cellularity, infiltration by immune cells). In addition, the presence of bifid crypts nearby suggests mucosal regeneration. Our hypothesis is that these modifications are steps in a normal healing pathway that may in some cases degenerate into @entity1613 and @entity5 .

title: Early lesions induced in rat colon epithelium by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2482 :: ('MESH:D008769', 'Chemical') :: ['MNNG', "N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity18432 :: ('MESH:D058739', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant crypt foci', 'ACF']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2482 :: (MESH:D008769,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cardioembolism in paroxysmal @entity955 (pxAF) is a frequent cause of @entity385 . Sensitive detection of pxAF after @entity64 is crucial for adequate secondary @entity64 prevention; the optimal diagnostic modality to detect pxAF on @entity64 units is unknown. We compared 24-hour Holter electrocardiography (ECG) with @entity64 unit ECG monitoring (CEM) for pxAF detection. METHODS: @entity1 with acute @entity385 or transient @entity63 attack were prospectively enrolled. After a 12-channel ECG on admission, all @entity1 received 24-hour Holter ECG and CEM. Additionally, ECG monitoring data underwent automated analysis using dedicated software to identify pxAF. @entity1 with a history of @entity955 or with @entity955 on the admission ECG were excluded. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-six @entity1 (median age, 69 years; 61.5% male) fulfilled all inclusion criteria ( @entity385 : 80.4%; transient @entity63 attack: 19.6%). Median @entity64 unit stay lasted 88.8 hours (interquartile range, 65.0-122.0). ECG data for automated CEM analysis were available for a median time of 64.0 hours (43.0-89.8). Paroxysmal AF was documented in 41 of 496 @entity1 (8.3%). Of these, Holter detected pxAF in 34.1%; CEM in 65.9%; and automated CEM in 92.7%. CEM and automated CEM detected significantly more @entity1 with pxAF than Holter (P<0.001), and automated CEM detected more @entity1 than CEM (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Automated analysis of CEM improves pxAF detection in @entity1 with @entity64 on @entity64 units compared with 24-hour Holter ECG. The comparative usefulness of prolonged or repetitive Holter ECG recordings requires further evaluation.

title: XXXX unit electrocardiographic monitoring versus 24-hour Holter electrocardiography for detection of paroxysmal @entity955 after @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'continuous stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Continuous stroke']


abstract: @entity4309 ( @entity14 ) is a @entity5 which is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, in particular @entity6756 and @entity4311 . A pathogenic germline mutation in the respective MMR gene is suggested by the finding of a loss of a mismatch repair protein in @entity5 tissue on immunohistochemical staining combined with an early age of onset and/or the familial occurrence of @entity14 . Pathogenic germline mutations are identifiable in around 60% of @entity1 suspected of @entity4309 , depending on the familial occurrence. The aim of the present study was to identify novel susceptibility genes for @entity4309 . 64 Healthy controls and 64 @entity4309 @entity1 with no pathogenic @entity4311 mutation but a loss of @entity4311 expression in their @entity5 tissue were screened for rare and disease causing germline mutations in the functional candidate genes @entity1782 , @entity1783 , MAX, @entity1364 , and @entity27563 . Thirty variants were identified, and these were then genotyped in an independent sample of 36 mutation negative @entity4309 @entity1 and 234 controls. Since a trend towards association was observed for @entity27563 , an additional set of 21 tagging SNPs was analyzed at this locus in a final case-control sample of 142 mutation negative @entity4309 @entity1 and 298 controls. The mutation analysis failed to reveal any rare disease-causing mutations. No association was found at the single-marker or haplotypic level for any common disease-modifying variant. The present results suggest that neither rare nor common genetic variants in @entity1782 , @entity1783 , MAX, @entity1364 , or @entity27563 contribute to the development of @entity4309 .

title: Mutation and association analyses of the candidate genes @entity1782 , XXXX , MAX, @entity1364 , and @entity27563 in @entity1 with unexplained @entity4311 -deficient @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer susceptibility syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer/HNPCC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1783 :: (2100,Gene) :: ['ESR2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the use of an observation policy with that of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for treatment of @entity5513 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study group consisted of 27 @entity1 who underwent observation as an initial treatment (observation group) and 50 who received SRT (SRT group). The mean follow-up period was 35 months and 31 months, respectively. Stereotactic radiotherapy consisted of small-field fractionated radiotherapy (36-44 Gy in 20-22 fractions over 6 weeks) with or without a subsequent 4-Gy single irradiation boost. RESULTS: @entity5 control rate of the SRT group was significantly better than that of the observation group (p < 0.0001). The mean growth was 3.87 mm/year in the observation group and -0.75 mm/year in the SRT group (p < 0.0001). Eleven @entity1 (41 %) in the observation group and 1 (2 %) in the SRT group received salvage therapy (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the actuarial Gardner and Robertson's class preservation curves for 5 years after the initial presentation. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiotherapy using a fractionated schedule provides a better @entity5 control rate and a similar rate of deterioration for hearing levels compared to an observation policy. Initial SRT may be a reasonable alternative to a wait-and-see policy.

title: Comparison between observation policy and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) as an initial management for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Actuarial tumor']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This case report is intended to inform pancreas surgeons of our experience in operative management of aberrant pancreatic artery. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 63-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our institute's Department of Surgery with @entity135 was found. To improve @entity409 , an endoscopic retrograde nasogastric biliary drainage tube was placed in the bile duct. Endoscopic fine-needle aspiration showed a @entity135 invading the common bile duct, the aberrant right hepatic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery, and the portal vein. Enhanced computed tomography showed the communicating artery between the @entity99 . By way of imaging preoperative examination, a pancreaticoduodenectomy combined resection of the aberrant right hepatic artery and portal vein was conducted without arterial @entity254 . Hepatic arterial flow was confirmed by intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography, and R0 resection without @entity5 exposure at the dissected plane was achieved. The @entity1 's postoperative course was uneventful. DISCUSSION: In this case report, perioperative detail examination by imaging diagnosis with respect to hepatic arterial communication to achieve curative resection in a @entity135 was necessary. @entity99 was achieved, and the necessity of R0 resection was stressed by such management. CONCLUSION: By the preoperative and intraoperative imaging managements conducted, combined resection of the aberrant right hepatic artery without @entity254 was achieved by pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity135 . However, improvements in imaging diagnosis and careful management of R0 resection are important.

title: Combined resection of aberrant right hepatic artery without XXXX in panceaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer: A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas head cancer', 'pancreas head carcinoma', 'obstructive jaundice, and the pancreas head tumor']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Non-anastomosis of hepatic artery', 'right and left hepatic artery via the hepatic hilar plate']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the application and the dosimetry characteristic of the simplified intensity modulated radiation therapy (sIMRT) for @entity356 after operation, and to compare the dose distribution with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimension conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity356 after operation were enrolled in this study. 3D-CRT plan, 5-field IMRT plans (20 degree, 80 degree, 180 degree, 280 degree, 340 degree) and 5-field sIMRT plans (20 degree, 80 degree, 180 degree, 280 degree, 340 degree) were performed for each @entity1 . The conformal index (CI), heterogeneity index (HI) of the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) and the dose of normal organs were analyzed with the dose volume histogram (DVH). The total MU and treatment time were also compared. RESULTS: The sIMRT and IMRT plans had comparable CI (sIMRT>IMRT>3D-CRT), and showed better dose conformity but worse homogeneity than 3D-CRT. The percentage of volume receiving 20 Gy, 25 Gy, 30 Gy and 40 Gy by liver were significantly lower in sIMRT than that in 3D-CRT, and comparable to IMRT. All the dose volumes to kidneys with sIMRT were still significantly lower as compared to 3D-CRT, and comparable to IMRT. The sIMRT plan was better than IMRT plan in total MU and treatment time. CONCLUSIONS: sIMRT has comparable dose distribution in @entity1 with @entity356 to IMRT, but is significantly better than 3D-CRT. Treatment time of sIMRT is the shortest. So sIMRT technique can be applied more simply.

title: [Application of simplified intensity modulated radiation therapy in XXXX after operation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity1498 of the aorta ( @entity9931 ) occurs in 6-8  % of @entity1 with @entity299 . After successful relief of obstruction, @entity1 remain at risk for @entity449 formation at the site of the repair. We sought to determine the diagnostic utility of echocardiography compared with advanced arch imaging (AAI) in diagnosing @entity449 in pediatric @entity1 after @entity9931 repair. The Congenital Heart Databases from 1996 and 2009 were reviewed. All @entity1 treated for @entity9931 who had AAI defined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or catheterization were identified. Data collected included the following: type, timing, and number of interventions, presence and time to @entity439 diagnosis, and mortality. @entity1 were subdivided into surgical and catheterization groups for analysis. Seven hundred and fifty-nine @entity1 underwent treatment for @entity9931 during the study period. Three hundred and ninety-nine @entity1 had at least one AAI. @entity439 were diagnosed by AAI in 28 of 399 @entity1 at a mean of 10      8.4  years after treatment. Echocardiography reports were available for 380 of 399 @entity1 with AAI. The sensitivity of echocardiography for detecting @entity439 was 24  %. The prevalence of @entity439 was significantly greater in the catheterization group (p  <  0.05) compared with the surgery group. @entity439 was also diagnosed earlier in the catheterization group compared with the surgery group (p  =  0.02). Multivariate analysis showed a significantly increased risk of @entity439 diagnosis in @entity1 in the catheterization subgroup and in @entity1 requiring more than three procedures. @entity449 continue to be an important complication after @entity9931 repair. Although serial echocardiograms are the test of choice for following-up most @entity299 in pediatrics, our data show that echocardiography is inadequate for the detection of @entity439 after @entity9931 repair. Because the time to @entity439 diagnosis was shorter and the risk greater in the catheterization group (particularly for @entity1 requiring more than one procedure), surveillance with cardiac MRI or CT should begin earlier in these @entity1 .

title: Screening for @entity449 after treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms', 'Aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated coarctation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac lesions', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation']


abstract: Peripheral blood mitogen - induced cellular @entity137 (MICC) and natural killer- cell @entity137 (NKCC) were assessed in 25 @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Both MICC and NKCC were examined under the same experimental conditions using the 18 hr @entity3407 release assay, except that cultures for MICC were stimulated in vitro by the addition of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). @entity1 ' MICC was found significantly reduced, in relation to controls (p less than 0.001), but significantly higher than @entity1 ' NKCC (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, @entity1 CD3+ cells and @entity404 + cells, as well as the @entity404 +/ @entity405 + ratio, were significantly decreased (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively), while @entity405 + cells and CD16+ cells were within normal limits. No relationship was noted between @entity1 ' MICC and total lymphocyte count or any lymphocyte subpopulation. In eleven @entity1 who were subsequently subjected to a-interferon (a-IFN) administration, MICC values were found within normal range one month after the cessation of alpha-IFN, while NKCC values were significantly increased (p less than 0.01), but they still remained below the lower limit of the control (p less than 0.001). Percentages of CD3+, @entity404 + and @entity405 + cells, as well as the @entity404 +/ @entity405 + ratio, did not change after alpha-IFN, but the absolute numbers of CD3+ cells and @entity405 + cells were significantly reduced. A statistically significant rise was noted in CD16+ cells. Post- IFN rises in MICC did not correlate with lymphocyte subpopulations. The findings indicate that @entity2590 @entity1 display very low MICC, which can be restored by alpha-IFN administration. The cause of this disturbance and the mechanism of its restoration by alpha-IFN remain unclear.

title: Defective mitogen-induced cellular @entity137 in XXXX . Recovery after alpha-interferon administration.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of @entity162 with antidepressants is strongly debated on the basis of the methodologically poor and insufficient data supporting their use and the widely held belief that antidepressants can induce new episodes of abnormal mood elevation or accelerate the rate of cycling. The present study aimed at identifying clinical risk factors for switch into hypomania, @entity162 , or mixed states, within 8 weeks after introduction of an antidepressant or after increasing its dosage, in a prospective, longitudinal design. METHOD: 221 consecutive DSM-IV-TR depressed @entity162 and @entity74 @entity1 were treated with antidepressants, which were added to previously prescribed mood stabilizers and/or atypical antipsychotics. No @entity1 was on antidepressant monotherapy. The @entity1 were enrolled from October 2005 through January 2010. The primary outcome was the assessment of switch to @entity162 or hypomania within 8 weeks after the introduction or dose increase of an antidepressant. Both groups were compared with analysis of variance and      procedures. RESULTS: Treatment-emergent affective switch was detected in 54 @entity1 (24.4%) (switch group) while 167 @entity1 (75.6%) (nonswitch group) did not experience a treatment-related switch. The main clinical differences significantly associated with the occurrence of an antidepressant-related switch, after performing logistic regression analysis, were higher rate of previous switches (P < .001) in the switch versus the nonswitch group, lower rate of responses to antidepressants (P < .001) in the switch versus the nonswitch group, and earlier age at onset (P = .026) in the switch versus the nonswitch group. DISCUSSION: Bipolar @entity1 with an earlier age at onset and an illness course characterized by lower rate of response to antidepressants and higher rate of switches into @entity162 or hypomania were found to be the ones with higher switch risk. Nevertheless, a greater number of previous antidepressant exposures was not associated with the occurrence of an antidepressant-associated switch. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01503489.

title: Risk factors for antidepressant-related switch to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depression', 'bipolar I', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['II disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['mania']


abstract: Oxidant molecules generated during neuronal metabolism appear to play a significant role in the processes of aging and @entity179 . Increasing experimental evidence suggests the noteworthy relevance of the intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) balance for the dopaminergic (DA-ergic) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. These cells possess a distinct physiology intrinsically associated with elevated reactive @entity26 species production, conferring on them a high vulnerability to free @entity16 , one of the major causes of selective DA-ergic @entity528 and degeneration related to @entity16 such as @entity191 . @entity669 hydroxylase ( @entity669 3-monooxygenase; E.C. 1.14.16.2; TH) activity represents the rate-limiting biochemical event in DA synthesis. TH activity, metabolism and expression are finely tuned by several regulatory systems in order to maintain a crucial physiological condition in which DA synthesis is closely coupled to its secretion. Alterations of these regulatory systems of TH functions have indeed been thought to be key events in the @entity528 . TH has seven @entity462 residues presenting @entity1433 . Depending on the oxido-reductive (redox) status of the cellular environment, @entity1433 exist either in the reduced form of free @entity1433 or oxidized to @entity1525 . The formation of @entity1525 in proteins exerts critical regulatory functions both in physiological and in pathological conditions when oxidative stress is sustained. Several reports have recently shown that redox state changes of @entity1432 residues, as consequence of an oxidative injury, can directly or indirectly affect the TH activity, metabolism and expression. The major focus of this review, therefore, is to report recent evidence on the redox modulation of TH activity and expression, and to provide an overview of a cellular phenomenon that might represent a target for new therapeutic strategies against the DA-ergic @entity179 .

title: Redox sensitivity of XXXX hydroxylase activity and expression in dopaminergic dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1525 :: ('MESH:D004220', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfides']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['radical damage', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine', 'Tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron dysfunction', 'DA-ergic degeneration']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity19430 and white coat effect among @entity101 pregnant @entity1 and to assess whether the presence of a significant white coat effect was associated with adverse pregnancy outcome when clinical management was based upon standard sphygmomanometric blood pressure recordings. DESIGN: Prospective blinded studies assessing the presence of a white coat effect. SETTING: Antenatal ward and pregnancy day assessment unit of St George Hospital, a teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. POPULATION: One hundred and twenty-one @entity101 pregnant @entity1 in the second half of their pregnancy admitted to hospital or the day assessment unit for management of their @entity101 . METHODS: Routine sphygmomanometric blood pressures were recorded by midwives in the ward or day assessment unit and awake blood pressure recordings were averaged. These blood pressures were compared with average awake blood pressures recorded by ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM) (Spacelabs 90207, Seattle, Washington, USA). @entity19430 was defined as an average sphygmomanometer blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg systolic and/or > or = 90 mmHg diastolic with awake ABPM average blood pressure within the normal range for ABPM-derived blood pressures in pregnancy, according to gestation. White coat effect was the difference between average sphygmomanometer blood pressure and average awake ABPM-derived blood pressure. All clinical management was based upon routine sphygmomanometer recordings and clinicians were blinded to ABPM data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity19430 and white coat effect; maternal and fetal outcomes in those with and without a white coat effect of > or = 20 mmHg systolic and/or > or = 10 mmHg diastolic. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic @entity19430 were present in only 3.2% and 4.2% of the group, respectively. A systolic white coat effect > or = 20 mmHg was found in only 4.2% but 20.2% (26% for day assessment unit @entity1 vs 15% for inpatients; P = 0.17) had a diastolic white coat effect > or = 10 mmHg. There was no difference in maternal or fetal outcomes between @entity1 with and without a white coat effect. CONCLUSIONS: @entity19430 is an infrequent occurrence in mildly @entity101 pregnant @entity1 . Although a white coat effect is present more often, this is associated with clinical outcomes similar to @entity1 who do not exhibit this phenomenon. Using ABPM to identify a white coat effect in @entity1 presenting with @entity101 in the second half of their pregnancy does not appear to be clinically useful.

title: The white coat effect in XXXX pregnancy: much ado about nothing?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19430 :: ('MESH:D059466', 'Disease') :: ['white coat hypertension', 'White coat hypertension']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive disorders', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: PURPOSE: In recent years many three-dimensional @entity267 models have been developed. However, they show poor collagen stability in the stroma. Transglutaminases (Tgases) are @entity460 -dependent proteins which play an important role in @entity2687 . The purpose of this study was to find out whether it is possible to induce in vitro cross-linking of the stroma in an artificial hemicornea model with the help of Tgases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the construction of the hemicornea, @entity1 SV40 adenovector corneal epithelial cells (HCE) and @entity1 SV40 adenovector corneal keratocytes (HCK) were cultivated. Confluent HCK cells were treated for 24  h with @entity35870 at different concentrations as well as with other growth factors and the treated cells were compared to untreated cultivated cells. The quantification of the expression of the Tgases by HCKs was examined with the use of real time PCR, Western blot imaging and immunochemistry. RESULTS: All concentrations of TGFbs used resulted in a significant increase of @entity35871 -mRNA, @entity35871 protein level and @entity35871 activity. The Tgases remained unaffected after treatment with other growth factors in comparison to untreated control cells. Treatment of the hemicornea with @entity6474 showed a very strong contraction and haze in comparison to the untreated hemicornea. CONCLUSION: It has been shown for the first time that @entity2533 induces a strong expression of Tgases in HCK cells. This effect caused an undesired contraction and haze of the @entity1 hemicornea model. Further research is necessary in order to find out whether the induction of Tgases in the HCK cells can be regulated without losing stability of the constructed hemicornea.

title: [Cross-linking in an artificial XXXX @entity267 via induction of tissue transglutaminases].

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linking of the corneal stroma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35870 :: ('7040;7042;7043', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) 1, 2 and 3']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Quantitation of @entity850 severity has become an essential part of cardiac diagnosis and therapy, not only in research but also in clinical practice. Since our introduction of the concept 15 years ago, arterial coronary flow reserve for assessing effects of coronary narrowing has evolved into two independent but complementary measurements: coronary flow reserve and @entity850 flow reserve. Coronary artery flow reserve and/or myocardial perfusion reserve takes into account not only @entity850 geometry but also collateral function and physiologic conditions of perfusion pressure, vasomotor tone, coronary venous pressure, and myocardial vascular bed size. Coronary artery flow reserve is measured invasively by flowmeter or by Doppler catheter. Its noninvasive equivalent is myocardial perfusion reserve, assessed by myocardial perfusion imaging with positron emission tomography before and after intravenous dipyridamole with hand grip stress. Both have been experimentally and clinically validated for identifying and/or quantifying severity of @entity453 . By either invasive or noninvasive methods, coronary artery or myocardial perfusion reserve may be subcategorized as either absolute flow or perfusion reserve (max flow/resting flow) and/or relative flow or perfusion reserve (max flow through stenotic artery/max flow through normal artery). Absolute flow reserve depends not only on @entity850 severity but also on unrelated physiologic parameters such as aortic pressure and the vasodilatory state of the distal coronary vascular bed; in contrast, relative flow reserve is independent of these physiologic variables and reflects @entity850 severity alone. Stenosis flow reserve is invasively determined by automated, quantitative coronary arteriography accounting for all @entity850 dimensions and is independent of ambient physiologic conditions such as pressure, vasomotor tone, or other variables affecting the distal coronary vascular bed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Detecting and assessing severity of XXXX in humans.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Contrast sensitivity has been measured in @entity1 with @entity726 and @entity2790 , the latter graded into high, medium, and low risk clinical groups. Measurements were made centrally and peripherally at 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, and 25 degrees off-axis at each of the four meridians 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees, and 315 degrees. A sine wave grating of 1.9 cycles/degree, reversing at 1 Hz was used. It was displayed on a 100-Hz refresh rate monitor. Normal values were established to compare those from 41 eyes from @entity1 with either @entity725 ( @entity725 ) with minimal field loss detectable on a Humphrey perimeter, or raised IOP and/or disc changes but no field loss ( @entity2145 ). Those with @entity725 had normal central contrast sensitivity, but at 20 degrees and 25 degrees eccentricity the values were greater than 2 standard deviations above the normal mean. This was also the case for high risk @entity2145 , but not for low risk @entity1 . All the high risk @entity1 except one who had abnormal peripheral contrast sensitivity had possible field defects (threshold elevation at one or more points more than 5 but less than 10 dB above normal mean). Only one of those with normal peripheral contrast sensitivity had such 'suspect points'. The results are assessed in terms of screening of @entity726 suspects.

title: Peripheral contrast sensitivity in @entity726 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential of adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for advanced-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in terms of lung sparing and dose escalation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In 13 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 , weekly CT images were acquired during radio- (n=1) or radiochemotherapy (n=12) for simulation of ART. Three-dimensional (3D) conformal treatment plans were generated: conventionally fractionated doses of 66 Gy were prescribed to the planning target volume without elective lymph node irradiation (Plan_3D). Using a surface-based algorithm of deformable image registration, accumulated doses were calculated in the CT images acquired during the treatment course (Plan_4D). Field sizes were adapted to @entity5 shrinkage once in week 3 or 5 and twice in weeks 3 and 5. RESULTS: A continuous @entity5 regression of 1.2% per day resulted in a residual gross @entity5 volume (GTV) of 49%  15% after six weeks of treatment. No systematic differences between Plan_3D and Plan_4D were observed regarding doses to the GTV, lung, and spinal cord. Plan adaptation to @entity5 shrinkage resulted in significantly decreased lung doses without compromising GTV coverage: single-plan adaptation in Week 3 or 5 and twice-plan adaptation in Weeks 3 and 5 reduced the mean lung dose by 5.0%  4.4%, 5.6%  2.9% and 7.9%  4.8%, respectively. This lung sparing with twice ART allowed an iso-mean lung dose escalation of the GTV dose from 66.8 Gy  0.8 Gy to 73.6 Gy  3.8 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: Adaptation of radiotherapy to continuous @entity5 shrinkage during the treatment course reduced doses to the lung, allowed significant dose escalation and has the potential of increased local control.

title: Potential of adaptive radiotherapy to escalate the radiation dose in combined radiochemotherapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1129 (1) blockers @entity32889 reactivity in @entity101 independently of their potency to lower blood pressure. A reduced pituitary sensitivity to @entity3318 and a downregulation of hypothalamic @entity3318 expression have been suggested to influence @entity774 activity during chronic @entity1129 (1) blockade. This study was aimed at confirming the role of central @entity1808 in regulating HPA reactivity by using the transgenic @entity35 TGR(ASrAOGEN), a model featuring low levels of brain angiotensinogen. Different stress tests were performed to determine HPA reactivity in TGR(ASrAOGEN) and appropriate controls. In TGR(ASrAOGEN), blood pressure was diminished compared to controls. The @entity2819 response to a @entity3318 or ACTH challenge and a forced swim test was more distinct in TGR(ASrAOGEN) than it was in controls and occurred independently of a concurrent enhancement in ACTH. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we found increased mRNA levels of melanocortin 2 ( @entity32890 ) and @entity1129 (2) receptors ( @entity11082 ) in the adrenals of TGR(ASrAOGEN), whereas mRNA levels of @entity3318 , @entity9210 , and @entity1129 (1) receptors ( @entity1809 ) remained unchanged in hypothalami and pituitary glands. Since stress responses were increased rather than attenuated in TGR(ASrAOGEN), we conclude that the reduced HPA reactivity during @entity1129 (1) blockade could not be mimicked in a specific transgenic @entity35 model featuring a centrally inactivated renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system. The ACTH independency of the enhanced @entity2819 release during @entity3318 test and the enhanced @entity2819 response to ACTH rather indicates an adrenal mechanism. The upregulation of adrenal MC2 and @entity1129 (2) receptors seems to be involved in the stimulated facilitation of adrenal @entity2819 release for effectuating the stimulated stress responses.

title: Stress sensitivity is increased in transgenic XXXX with low brain angiotensinogen.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity32889 :: ('MESH:C537877', 'Disease') :: ['attenuate hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the power of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity32031 ( @entity32031 ) and @entity1915 ( @entity1915 ) ligands' expression in @entity5 to predict the outcome in @entity1 with chemorefractory metastatic @entity14 (cmCRC) treated with the combination of cetuximab and irinotecan. @entity1 AND METHODS: Gene expression measurements and @entity984 mutation analysis were performed on archival @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 of 220 cmCRC @entity1 . Response was measured using RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 ) criteria. The relation between ligand expression levels and outcome was evaluated using logistic regression for response and Cox regression for survival data. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed for response and survival data. CIs for the performance indices were obtained with a nonparametric bootstrap procedure. Findings were externally validated on a series of 67 samples treated in a similar setting. RESULTS: In @entity984 @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity1 , there was a significant association between log-transformed ligand expression and response for @entity32031 (odds ratio for objective response, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.83; P = .0005; concordance index [c-index], 0.681) and for @entity1915 (odds ratio for objective response, 1.862; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.72; P = .0017; c-index, 0.673). In a Cox regression model, dichotomized ligand expression was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). @entity32031 PFS hazard ratio (HR) was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.274 to 0.609; P < .001; time-dependent c-index [Ctau index], 0.640), and @entity1915 PFS HR was 0.43 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.64; P < .001; Ctau index, 0.627). @entity32031 OS HR was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.63; P < .0001; Ctau index, 0.639), and @entity1915 OS HR was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.64; P < .0001; Ctau index, 0.625). There was no predictive power of ligand expression in @entity1 with @entity984 mutation. CONCLUSION: Expression of @entity470 ligands in @entity5 significantly predicts outcome in @entity984 @entity164 cmCRC treated with cetuximab and @entity2600 .

title: XXXX and @entity32031 mRNA expression in @entity5 predicts outcome in metastatic @entity14 treated with cetuximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1915 :: ('374', 'Gene') :: ['amphiregulin', 'AREG']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1915 :: (374,Gene) :: ['Amphiregulin']


abstract: During development, neurons can be generated directly from a multipotent progenitor or indirectly through an @entity30439 ( @entity30439 ). This last mode of division amplifies the progeny of neurons. The mechanisms governing the generation and behavior of IPs are not well understood. In this work, we demonstrate that the lengthening of the cell cycle enhances the generation of neurons in a @entity1 neural progenitor cell system in vitro and also the generation and expansion of IPs. These IPs are @entity9216 ( @entity9216 )(+)/ @entity20015 ( @entity20015 )(-), which suggests an increase in a self-amplifying @entity30439 population. Later the cultures express @entity31289 ( @entity31289 ) and become neurogenic. The signaling responsible for this cell cycle modulation is investigated. It is found that the release of @entity460 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol in response to B cell @entity706 or @entity855 addition lengths the cell cycle and increases the number of IPs and, in turn, the final neuron outcome. Moreover, data suggest that the @entity876 - @entity3544 pathway is responsible for the changes in cell cycle. In agreement with this, increased @entity876 levels are necessary for a @entity460 -induced increase in neurons. Our findings contribute to understand how @entity460 signaling can modulate cell cycle length during neurogenesis.

title: Intermediate progenitors are increased by lengthening of the cell cycle through XXXX signaling and @entity876 expression in @entity1 neural progenitors.

entities_list: @entity30439 :: ('MESH:D001924', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'intermediate progenitor']

entities_list: @entity9216 :: ('3642', 'Gene') :: ['insulinoma-associated 1', 'Insm1']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma-extra large overexpression']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: AIM: To compare contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the evaluation of complex @entity8 using the Bosniak classification. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with 51 complex @entity8 were prospectively examined using contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography and images analysed by two observers using the Bosniak classification. Adverse effects and @entity1 ' preference were assessed for both modalities. RESULTS: There was complete agreement in Bosniak classification between both modalities and both observers in six cysts (11.8%). There was agreement of Bosniak classification on both modalities in 21 of 51 cysts (41.2%) for observer 1 and in 17 of 51 cysts (33.3%) for observer 2. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound gave a higher Bosniak classification than corresponding contrast-enhanced computed tomography in 31 % of cysts by both observers. Histological correlation was available in three lesions, all of which were malignant and classified as such simultaneously on both modalities by at least one observer, with remaining @entity1 followed up with US or CT for 6-24 months. No adverse or side effects were reported following the use of US contrast, whilst 63.6% of @entity1 suffered minor side effects following the use of CT contrast. 81.8% of the surveyed @entity1 preferred contrast-enhanced ultrasound to contrast-enhanced computed tomography. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a feasible tool in the evaluation of complex @entity8 in a non-specialist setting. Increased contrast-enhanced ultrasound sensitivity to enhancement compared to contrast-enhanced computed tomography, resulting in upgrading the Bosniak classification on contrast-enhanced ultrasound, has played a role in at best moderate agreement recorded by the observers with limited experience, but this would be overcome as the experience grows. To this end, we propose a standardised proforma for the contrast-enhanced ultrasound report. The benefits of contrast-enhanced ultrasound over contrast-enhanced computed tomography include @entity1 ' preference and avoidance of ionising radiation or nephrotoxicity, as well as lower cost.

title: Prospective comparison of use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the Bosniak classification of complex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cysts']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity32 which had not been adequately controlled with oral @entity617 entered into an open study of low-dose @entity205 (mean 4.1 mg/kg/day) combined when required with oral @entity617 (15 mg @entity617 per day or less). The mean duration of treatment was 26 months (range 8-44) over a mean follow-up period of 29 months (range 8-49). Visual acuity improved overall in ten @entity1 , and remained stable in three. Six @entity1 have completed a course of @entity205 therapy, and four of these @entity1 have retained their visual improvement. Two have returned to the pretreatment level of vision. Only one @entity1 has required conversion to alternative immunosuppressive therapy. The mean serum @entity1011 concentration had increased significantly by 26% after six months (p less than 0.05) and 32% after one year (p less than 0.01) but remained stable during the subsequent 18 months. Four @entity1 developed @entity101 requiring @entity551 therapy. On cessation of CsA treatment, the mean serum @entity1011 concentration fell to the upper reference limit. The elevation of serum @entity1011 concentration was significantly higher in @entity1 who either developed @entity101 during @entity205 therapy or who were previously known to be @entity101 . @entity1 with nephrotoxicity were significantly older than those in whom serum @entity1011 concentration remained within the reference range. @entity1091 clearance studies showed evidence of @entity8 which was partially reversible on dose reduction or withdrawal.

title: Combination low dose XXXX and steroid therapy in @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['proximal renal tubular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic female @entity12622 can impair tubal and endometrial function and later present as subfertility. A majority of the @entity1 with @entity12622 in endemic regions present with subfertility and the delay in presentation, coupled with the potential the disease has in mimicking other gynecological conditions, renders it elusive. In addition to the challenge of diagnosing @entity12622 , fertility outcomes after treatment are not impressive. This is particularly so in the background of another confounding subfertility factor to which interventional efforts may initially be directed, at the expense of undiagnosed @entity12622 . We therefore present a case of subfertility due to @entity1478 , but confounded by other subfertility factors notably @entity3610 . To the best of our knowledge this case report is the first of its kind in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: This is a case report of a 42-year-old @entity1 of African descent who presented to our fertility clinic with a 10-year history of primary subfertility and @entity2588 of 6  years duration. She was a nurse in a medical ward and had no prior history of @entity378 . She had undergone a diagnostic laparoscopy 8  years prior which demonstrated dense pelvic adhesions and an impression of tubal factor subfertility was made. At presentation, her gonadal hormone profile and pelvic ultrasound were consistent with @entity3610 . A negative response to a @entity1420 challenge test prompted a hysteroscopic evaluation which revealed @entity1478 . Endometrial biopsies confirmed histological features consistent with @entity378 . Normal endometrial function was not restored despite adequate treatment and her options were limited to surrogacy or adoption. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12622 is elusive in presentation and clinicians should consider it in @entity1 with @entity2588 and/or @entity66 from @entity378 -endemic regions. Due to the attendant high cost of fertility treatment and associated poor fertility outcomes, it is prudent to explore options to diagnose it early. A routine endometrial biopsy in a @entity1 with subfertility in a @entity378 -endemic area would be pragmatic. An alternative algorithm in management would be risk stratification prior to endometrial biopsy.

title: Endometrial @entity378 compounding XXXX in a subfertile @entity1 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tubal disease']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity12622 :: ('MESH:D014401', 'Disease') :: ['Genital tuberculosis', 'genital tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial tuberculosis', 'endometrial atrophy']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that antibodies to @entity796 mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP) can be divided into two types on the basis of their functional activity. One type is able to mediate opsonic killing in conjunction with leukocytes and complement, and the other type is not. We investigated, in @entity19 , the properties of this antigen associated with elicitation of opsonic killing antibody. We found that smaller-sized material (Kav = 0.26), which has been tested as a @entity1 vaccine, elicited opsonic killing antibody in @entity19 at low doses (1 to 10 micrograms) and at doses of greater than or equal to 40 micrograms, only nonopsonic killing antibody was produced. A similar dose effect was seen with heat-killed mucoid @entity796 cells. After immunization with high doses of this MEP or the heat-killed cells, the @entity19 were refractory to induction of opsonic killing antibody no matter what dose of MEP was used as a booster. In contrast, a larger-molecular-weight preparation (Kav = 0.05) elicited opsonic killing antibody over a wide dose range (1 to 400 micrograms). Additionally, 50 micrograms of the larger-sized preparation could overcome the suppression induced by 50 micrograms of the smaller material. Suppression elicited by 50 micrograms of the smaller material could be adoptively transferred to nonimmune @entity19 with the T-cell fraction of spleen cells. These results indicate that both molecular size and dose are critical determinants for eliciting opsonic killing antibody to mucoid @entity796 after immunizing with MEP.

title: Immunogenic properties of XXXX mucoid exopolysaccharide.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']