abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the early postoperative outcome of @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with those undergoing open subtotal colectomy for @entity1960 refractory to medical treatment. METHOD: A retrospective observational study was carried out of @entity1 who underwent subtotal colectomy for refractory @entity1960 , at a single centre, between 2006 and 2012. @entity1 were matched for age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade, urgency of operation and immunosuppressant/modulator treatment. The primary outcome measure was the number of @entity260 , classified using the Clavien-Dindo scale. Secondary end-points included procedure duration, laparoscopic conversion rates, @entity190 , 30-day readmission rates and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Ninety-six @entity1 were included, 39 of whom had laparoscopic surgery. Thirty-two of these were matched to similar @entity1 who underwent an open procedure. The overall duration of the procedure was longer for laparoscopic surgery than for open surgery (median: 240 vs 150 min, P < 0.005) but estimated @entity190 was less (median: 75 vs 400 ml, P < 0.005). In the laparoscopic group, 23 @entity1 experienced 27 complications, and in the open surgery group, 23 @entity1 experienced 30 complications. Most complications were minor (Grade I/II), and the distribution of complications, by grade, was similar between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in 30-day readmission rates between the laparoscopic and open groups (five readmissions vs eight readmissions, P = 0.536). Length of hospital stay was 4 days shorter for laparoscopic surgery, but this difference was not statistically significant (median: 7 vs 11 days, P = 0.159). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 requiring colectomy for acute severe @entity1960 , laparoscopic surgery reduced @entity190 but increased operating time and was not associated with a @entity260 , length of hospital stay or readmission rates.

title: Complications after laparoscopic and open subtotal colectomy for inflammatory XXXX : a case-matched comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'reduction in early postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite palliative care being an accepted role of community hospitals, there is little quantitative evidence of the type of care provided. AIM: To obtain quantitative data comparing palliative @entity5 care provided in 12 community hospitals in 10 towns (approximately 350 medical beds) and in a consultant-led purpose-built hospice (12 beds). METHOD: Retrospective medical and nursing case note analysis over one year of @entity5 deaths in the former Exeter Health District. RESULTS: A total of 171 community hospital and 116 hospice casenotes were analysed. Hospice @entity1 had significantly different reasons for admission compared with community hospital @entity1 (P < 0.001), with @entity158 and symptom control being more frequent and terminal nursing care less frequent reasons for admission to the hospice. Community hospital length of stay was significantly longer than hospice length of stay (P = 0.002; mean community hospital stay 16 days, mean hospice stay eight days). Symptoms on admission differed significantly. Drug prescribing on admission and at death and indications of active treatment of symptoms were broadly similar. Community hospital @entity1 received more investigations than hospice @entity1 , linked to the observation that around one in ten community hospital @entity1 were admitted for investigation and active treatment. Community hospital medical notes were significantly less likely to meet minimum quality standards than were hospice notes (81/171 vs. 18/116; P < 0.001), with @entity3173 in the areas of examination, progress reporting, and absence of confirmation of death. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the role of community hospitals in palliative @entity5 care. Differences in care between community hospitals and a hospice have been demonstrated that may reflect either different admission populations to each setting or differences in the way care was delivered.

title: Palliative XXXX care in community hospitals and a hospice: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'terminal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['major deficiencies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['terminal cancer']


abstract: Bone grafts are commonly used for the treatment of segmental bone defects and @entity174 non-unions. Recently, osseous particles obtained during intermedullary canal reaming (using a Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator (RIA) device) have been evaluated as graft material during in vitro and clinical studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify new bone formation after implantation of bone graft material obtained after reaming of the tibia in a bilateral critical-sized iliac wing defect in @entity742 and to investigate the effect of the augmentation of this graft. A reamer bone graft alone, or after short term incubation in a @entity619 enriched solution, and a reamer graft collected using @entity13065 ( @entity28687 ) granules in the filter of the RIA collection device were compared to autologous iliac wing graft. In addition, reamer graft was combined with the cellular fraction collected from the irrigation fluid with and without short-term incubation in a @entity619 enriched solution. It was hypothesized that the amount of physical bone in the reamer bone graft groups would be higher than the amount in the autologous iliac wing graft group and that augmentation of a reamer bone graft would increase bone formation. Three months after implantation, the amount of new bone formation (as percentage of the total defect volume) in the defects was evaluated ex-vivo by means of micro-CT and histomorphometry. The mean amount of bone in the autologous iliac wing graft group was 17.7% and 16.8% for micro-CT and histomorphometry, respectively. The mean amount of bone in all reamer graft groups ranged between 20.4-29.2% (micro-CT) and 17.0-25.4% (histomorphometry). Reamer graft collected using @entity28687 granules (29.2  1.7%) in the filter produced a significantly higher amount of bone in comparison to an autologous iliac wing graft evaluated by micro-CT. RIA bone grafts added a small increase in bone volume to the 3month graft volume in this preclinical @entity742 model. The current model does not support the use of short-term high concentration @entity619 for augmentation of a graft volume. If avoidance of an iliac wing graft is desirable, or a reaming procedure is required, then a RIA graft or RIA graft plus @entity28687 granules are as good as the current gold standard for this model.

title: The use of Reamer Irrigator Aspirator (RIA) autograft harvest in the treatment of critical-sized iliac wing defects in XXXX : investigation of @entity619 and @entity13065 augmentation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity13065 :: ('MESH:C485817', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-tricalcium phosphate']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: A series of eight articles from the published literature for the period 2004-2005 was selected for review in this article. @entity1224 in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and its management were the subjects of the first two articles reviewed in this commentary. Progression of @entity1030 from the Global Initiative for @entity1030 stages 0-4 was found to be most strongly associated with thickening of the airway wall and each of its compartments by a repair or remodeling process. Management of @entity1030 , including the addition of pulmonary rehabilitation to treatment regimens, may reduce symptoms and improve exercise performance. The addition of @entity2544 or an inhaled @entity228 (or both) to optimal inhaled bronchodilator therapy together with aggressive treatment of @entity519 were suggested to provide additional benefits and lung-volume-reduction surgery and transplantation were recommended as other treatment options for a subgroup of @entity1 with very severe disease. The next three articles addressed the impact of outdoor and indoor air pollution and the effects of childhood @entity565 as antecedents of @entity565 in the adult in later life. Current levels of air pollution are known to have chronic, adverse effects on lung development in @entity1 from age 10 to 18 years, leading to clinically significant deficits in attained forced expiratory volume in one second as @entity1 reach adulthood. Among inner-city @entity1 with @entity12131 , an individualized, home-based, comprehensive environmental intervention resulted in reduced @entity565 -associated morbidity and supported that a multifaceted, home-based, environmental intervention approach may be beneficial. The prognosis of @entity56 in adulthood was found to be determined largely early in life and the degree of @entity402 appeared to be a critical determinant of @entity565 persistence. The next article reviewed the controversial area of the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis caused by fungi. Intranasal @entity2379 was shown to reduce inflammatory mucosal thickening on both CT scan and nasal endoscopy and decreased the levels of intranasal markers for @entity32 in @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis. The last two articles reviewed two papers dealing with the role that gastrointestinal immune responses play in maintaining protective immunity in health and a critical role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of clinical disorders associated with @entity5419 as well as the suspected pivotal role of oral tolerance to dietary proteins for the prevention of @entity5419 . The mode of antigen uptake in the gut and different regulatory immune cells appear to play critical roles in maintenance of oral tolerance as shown in many animal model systems.

title: Literature review: the best new articles in the specialty of allergy, XXXX , and immunology, 2004-2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['childhood allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['Small-airway obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity1101 is a principal cereal food in a number of parts of the world and is critical in folk medicine in Asia and Africa. However, its effects on bone are unknown. @entity7318 ( @entity7318 ) is a regulator of bone growth and bone metabolism. @entity7318 activates several signaling pathways, including the Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, thereby regulating expression of genes, including @entity7424 . Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce the differentiation of cells of the osteoblastic lineage, increasing the pool of @entity7424 target cells, the mature osteoblasts. In the present study, the effects of Hwanggeumchal @entity1101 extracts (HSE) on GH signaling via the Jak/STAT pathway in osteoblasts were investigated. HSE was not observed to be toxic to osteoblastic cells and increased the expression of @entity17736 and @entity7318  -related proteins, including @entity43779 , p  - @entity43779 , @entity7424 receptor ( @entity7423 ), growth receptor hormone ( @entity22102 ) and @entity16404 in @entity19 cells. In addition, HSE increased @entity17736 and @entity22102 mRNA expression in @entity19 cells. The expression of HSE  -induced @entity17736 and @entity22102 was inhibited by @entity22943 , a @entity16404 kinase inhibitor. The observations indicate that @entity47419  -induced signaling is similar to @entity7318 signaling via the @entity22102  - @entity16404 signaling axis. Using small interference RNA (siRNA) analysis, @entity43779 was found to play an essential role in HSE  -induced @entity17736 and @entity7318 signaling in @entity19 cells. Results of the current study indicate that HSE promotes bone growth through activation of @entity43779 .

title: Hwanggeumchal @entity1101 extract enhances @entity17736 and GH signaling through the activation of XXXX / @entity43779 in @entity19 osteoblastic cells.

entities_list: @entity1101 :: ('4558', 'Species') :: ['Sorghum', 'sorghum']

answer: @entity16404 :: (16452(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Jak2']


abstract: 24 @entity1 with good risk non-seminomatous @entity5 (GR-NSGCT) were enrolled in a phase II trial combining @entity3003 (C) and @entity2879 (E). @entity3003 was given at a fixed dose of 450 mg/m2 at d2, and E 120 mg/m2, dl-3, every 4 weeks x 4 cycles (cy). Myelosuppression was the major @entity137 with @entity1398 grade 4 in 18 cy (19%) and grade 3 in 26 cy (27%). @entity882 grade 3 and 4 occurred in 7 and 1 cy, respectively. Responses included: 20 complete responses (CR) (83%) with 16 clinical CR and 4 pathological CR; 3 additional @entity1 had complete @entity66 ( @entity66 ) with viable @entity5 (surgical CR); 1 @entity1 progressed during C+E therapy. 5 of the 16 clinical CR relapsed, and all the 3 surgical CR progressed despite post-operative salvage chemotherapy. Adverse events occurred in 9 @entity1 (37.5%; 95% C.I., 19-59%). After a median follow-up of 24 m (range 14 to 38) 4 @entity1 had died [3 @entity74 ( @entity74 ), 1 suicide while in CR], 3 were alive with @entity74 , and 17 had no evidence of disease. No significant correlation between area under the curve values of @entity3003 , overall treatment failure and the platelet nadirs was observed. We conclude that the efficacy of the C+E regimen as given in our protocol is inferior to the standard @entity900 -containing regimens. The low dose-density (D/I) of @entity3003 could be responsible for the high failure rate.

title: High failure rate of @entity3003 - @entity2879 combination in good risk non-seminomatous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SRRD', 'surgical removal of residual disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['germ cell tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Branch duct @entity4929 of the pancreas (BD-IPMNs) often are composed of @entity75 . We aimed to clarify the clinicopathologic features of multifocal BD-IPMNs. METHODS: Medical records of 211 @entity1 with BD-IPMNs (169 solitary and 42 multifocal) were retrospectively analyzed. We compared the pathological grade of resected IPMNs and the resulting clinical course between solitary and multifocal BD-IPMNs. RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity1 (54 with solitary and 15 with multifocal BD-IPMNs) underwent pancreatectomy, and of these @entity1 , 62 exhibited at least 1 malignant predictor. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of @entity5 in the resected BD-IPMNs between the 2 groups. In the remaining 142 @entity1 who exhibited no malignant predictors, both groups demonstrated no differences in morphologic changes of BD-IPMNs. Seventeen distinct @entity513 were identified in both groups, and there was no difference in the prevalence of @entity513 between the 2 groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the disease-specific survival rate between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with multifocal BD-IPMNs, resection is only warranted for lesions that exhibit @entity5 predictors; moreover, closer attention to the potential presence or development of distinct @entity513 in @entity1 with multifocal and solitary BD-IPMNs is warranted.

title: Management strategy for multifocal branch duct XXXX of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas', 'ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of muscle relaxants in @entity158 management in @entity1 with @entity625 ( @entity625 ). METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO for randomized controlled trials in adults with @entity625 that compared any muscle relaxant (administered via any route) to another analgesic intervention or placebo. We also searched the 2008-2009 American College of Rheumatology and European League Against @entity627 abstracts and performed a hand search of reference lists of relevant articles. Primary outcomes were @entity1 -reported @entity158 relief >=  30% and withdrawals due to adverse events. Two authors independently assessed methodological quality and extracted data. RESULTS: Six trials (126 @entity1 ) were included in this review. All trials were deemed to have a high risk of bias. Five crossover trials evaluated @entity1245 ; 4 assessed @entity3175 (n = 71), and one assessed @entity5756 (n = 15). The sixth trial, a parallel-group study, evaluated @entity9038 (non- @entity1245 , n = 40). No trial was longer than 2 weeks and 3 single-dose trials assessed outcomes at 24 hours only. Overall, the included trials failed to find evidence of a beneficial effect of muscle relaxants over placebo (at 24 hours, 1 week, or 2 weeks) or in addition to nonsteroidal antiiflammatory drugs (at 24 hours) on @entity158 intensity, function, or quality of life. Data from 2 trials of longer than 24-hour duration ( @entity3175 and @entity9038 , n = 74) found that @entity1 who received a muscle relaxant had significantly more adverse events compared with those who received placebo [number needed to harm (NNTH) 3, 95% CI 2 to 7]. These were predominantly central nervous system side effects including @entity1296 and drowsiness (NNTH 3, 95% CI 2 to 11). CONCLUSION: Based upon the currently available evidence in @entity1 with @entity625 , @entity1245 ( @entity3175 and @entity5756 ) do not appear to be beneficial in improving @entity158 over 24 hours or 1 week. The non- @entity1245 agent @entity9038 also did not significantly reduce @entity158 over 2 weeks. However, even short-term muscle relaxant use (24 hours to 2 weeks) is associated with significant adverse events, predominantly drowsiness and @entity1296 .

title: The efficacy and safety of muscle relaxants in XXXX : a Cochrane systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['IA', 'inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5756 :: ('MESH:D014229', 'Chemical') :: ['triazolam']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity9038 :: ('MESH:C515050', 'Chemical') :: ['zopiclone']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['inflammatory arthritis']


abstract: Although an extensive literature exists on the neurobiological correlates of @entity5545 ( @entity5545 ), to date, no studies have examined the neurobiological profile of those who exhibit poor reading comprehension despite intact word-level abilities (specific reading @entity51 [S-RCD]). Here we investigated the word-level abilities of S-RCD as compared to @entity245 ( @entity245 ) and those with @entity5545 by examining the blood oxygenation-level dependent response to words varying on frequency. Understanding whether S-RCD process words in the same manner as @entity245 , or show alternate pathways to achieve normal word-reading abilities, may provide insights into the origin of this disorder. Results showed that as compared to @entity245 , @entity5545 showed abnormal covariance during word processing with right-hemisphere homologs of the left-hemisphere reading network in conjunction with left occipitotemporal underactivation. In contrast, S-RCD showed an intact neurobiological response to word stimuli in occipitotemporal regions (associated with fast and efficient word processing); however, @entity75 were observed. Specifically, @entity245 showed a higher-percent signal change within right IFG for low-versus-high frequency words as compared to both S-RCD and @entity5545 . Using psychophysiological interaction analyses, a coupling-by-reading group interaction was found in right IFG for @entity5545 , as indicated by a widespread greater covariance between right IFG and right occipitotemporal cortex/visual word-form areas, as well as bilateral medial frontal gyrus, as compared to @entity245 . For S-RCD, the context-dependent functional interaction anomaly was most prominently seen in left IFG, which covaried to a greater extent with hippocampal, parahippocampal, and prefrontal areas than for @entity245 for low- as compared to high-frequency words. Given the greater lexical access demands of low frequency as compared to high-frequency words, these results may suggest specific weaknesses in accessing lexical-semantic representations during word recognition. These novel findings provide foundational insights into the nature of S-RCD, and set the stage for future investigations of this common, but understudied, @entity5545 .

title: Not all reading disabilities are @entity5545 : distinct neurobiology of specific XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['comprehension deficits']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typically developing readers']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['DYS', 'reading disorder', 'dyslexia']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['comprehension deficits']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 (PT) are uncommon fibroepithelial lesions having potential malignant features. These @entity5 have characteristic features, like pleomorphism, mitoses and overgrowth of the stroma with possible infiltrative margins. The clinical behaviour could be unpredictable, since the relatively high recurrence rate despite correct surgical strategy. Conventional diagnostic examinations show high sensitivity and specificity, but cannot demonstrate the differences between benign and malignant PT. MRI is not more effective. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 affected by PT have been surgically treated at our Institution. All @entity1 received mammography and ultrasonography (US) as preoperative diagnostic work-up. RESULTS: in 13 @entity1 , US was effective in preoperative diagnosis of PT. Mammography was uneffective in detecting breast lesions in 5 cases, while in 11 cases mammographic findings presented benign features, with a round opacity with moderate tissue density and well-defined wall. CONCLUSION: US remains the most useful diagnostic test in detecting PT. However, there is no test effective in identifying malignat PT. In case of suspicion, fine needle biopsy should be performed.

title: Usefulness of ultrasounds in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast phyllodes tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast phyllodes tumors']


abstract: The aim of this study based on an analysis of personal material was to establish stage migration in a relatively large number of @entity1 who had undergone radical retropubic ascendant prostatectomy (RRP). Between 01.07.1993. and 31.06.2003. RRP was performed in 801 @entity1 at the urology department of the Kliniken-Essen-Mitte. Data regarding diagnostic workup, treatment and postoperative course were collected prospectively into a database. An analysis was made regarding clinical and pathological stage and numbers of @entity1 with positive lymph nodes. During the observation period the number of radical prostatectomies increased significantly from 8 in 1993 to 130 in 2002. The number of organ-confined @entity5 increased continuously between 1997 and 2003. In contrast to this, advanced and @entity3 showed a continuous decrease from 76% in 1997 to 66% in 2002. Between 1994 and 2003 the number of T1c @entity5 increased by 20%. Introduction of systematic 12-cylinder biopsy ( @entity45681 ) increased the detection of @entity263 by 38% and the number of diagnosed @entity5 of a lower clinical stage increased. These facts confirm a trend towards clinical and pathological stage migration resulting from extensive use of @entity1486 (PSA) and @entity45681 biopsy in the diagnosis of @entity263 .

title: Migrations in clinical and pathological stage of XXXX in @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy in the period between 1993 and 2003.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity45681 :: ('p|SUB|S|12|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S12C']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that @entity1243 and @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) play a role in the control of appetite and in the regulation of hormonal secretion. METHODS: Plasma @entity1243 , @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) and galanin concentrations were estimated in 13 @entity1 with @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) 19 @entity1 with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) and in 19 healthy @entity1 of the control group (CG). RESULTS: Plasma @entity1243 concentration in @entity1279 was significantly higher than that in @entity1278 and it was lower as compared with the control group, despite the same BMI (body mass index) in both the groups. Plasma @entity1243 level in @entity1278 was significantly lower as compared with the controls. Plasma galanin concentrations in @entity1278 and @entity1279 did not differ significantly from the control group. Plasma @entity7766 concentration in @entity1278 was lower than that in the control group. However, plasma @entity7766 level in @entity1279 was significantly higher as compared with @entity1278 and with the control group (CG). The observed increase of @entity7766 in @entity1279 was independent of BMI because BMI in @entity1279 was normal. CONCLUSIONS: The data may suggest that other factors than body weight changes may be involved in the modulation of @entity1243 and @entity7766 release in @entity1279 . The pathological behaviour of @entity1 with @entity1279 may result from disturbed @entity7766 release which is the strongest orexigenic factor.

title: Plasma @entity1243 , @entity7766 ( XXXX ) and galanin concentrations in @entity1278 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity7766 :: (4852,Gene) :: ['NPY']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge and practice patterns of primary care physicians relating to the detection and treatment of @entity2316 and to compare these findings with current standards of care. DESIGN: National survey. @entity1 : 1,000 randomly selected physicians. SETTING: Primary care. INTERVENTION: Mailed questionnaire consisting of a six-page " @entity6 Survey." RESULTS: Among the 1,000 primary care physicians, 950 were considered eligible for the survey. Sufficiently completed surveys were returned by 216 physicians, yielding an adjusted response rate of 22%. In general, @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 were monitored more intensively than those with type 2 @entity6 . Primary care physicians were more likely to monitor @entity1 for overt @entity644 (86%) than microalbuminuria (58%). Of the physicians who claimed to monitor @entity1 for microalbuminuria, 39% chose inappropriate methods for detection, which lowers the percentage of physicians who correctly monitored for microalbuminuria to 37%. More than 95% of the respondents were aware of the benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in delaying the progression of @entity2316 . @entity1 with @entity644 (86%) were more likely to be treated with an ACEI than were @entity1 with microalbuminuria (79%). If a @entity1 presented with @entity644 but without @entity101 , the use of ACEIs fell to 75%. Rates of referral to a nephrologist were low at early stages of the disease (3% to 11%) and remained relatively low (28%) at later stages, even when serum @entity1011 was greater than 3 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: Further efforts directed toward education of primary care physicians about @entity2316 have the potential to improve the care of @entity1 with this disorder. These findings demonstrate a unique opportunity for pharmacists to become educators to physicians in their community.

title: Physician knowledge and practice patterns relating to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of multiple group family treatment for @entity161 . METHOD: Relatives were randomly provided with an informative programme (n = 50), or allocated to receive an additional support programme (n = 26). @entity1 did not attend the programme to overcome cultural and organizational implementation barriers. The 12 and 24 months clinical and family outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 ' compliance with standard care was greater at 12 months in the more intensive behavioural management group over a control group receiving treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 25). A reduction in levels of @entity5785 ( @entity5785 ), significantly more frequent in those receiving the additional support programme than just the informative, occurred after treatment completion. Other clinical and family outcomes did not differ. However, treatment benefits declined at 24 months, when baseline high @entity5785 was again predictive of @entity1 's admission and relatives were more vulnerable to objective burden. Baseline illness severity variables predicted a number of medium and long-term poor clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity4310 has been tested in a wide range of Anglo-Saxon settings, there remains need to assess outcomes more internationally. Effective family interventions for @entity1 with @entity161 probably require continued administration of key-elements or ongoing informal support to deal with the vicissitudes of illnesses.

title: Family interventions for XXXX in Italy: randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['family psychoeducation']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['EE', 'expressed emotion']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Reduced-intensity conditioning has extended the use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to @entity1 otherwise not eligible for this treatment due to older age or frailty. One hundred twelve @entity3052 / @entity2590 @entity1 received @entity3118 and @entity3601 (FM) conditioning with allogeneic HSCT. Most @entity1 (73%) were not in remission. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity1140 and mini-methotrexate. Median age was 55 years (range, 22-74). Donors were related (53%) and unrelated (47%). Median follow-up of surviving @entity1 (n = 43) was 29.4 months (range, 13.1-87.7). The complete remission (CR) rate was 82%. Estimates of 2-year survival were 66%, 40%, and 23% for @entity1 in CR, with @entity66 without and with circulating blasts at HSCT, respectively. In multivariate analysis, survival was negatively influenced by @entity66 at HSCT and development of grade II-IV acute @entity2132 . Presence of circulating blasts at HSCT negatively influenced freedom from disease progression. Incidence of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was significantly higher for @entity1 with @entity66 , but was not influenced by @entity1 age. @entity1 in CR had a day-100 and 2-year NRM of 0% and 20%, respectively. Use of unrelated donors increased the risk of NRM only among @entity1 with @entity66 . FM and HSCT elicited long-term disease control in a significant fraction of this high-risk cohort.

title: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of high-risk @entity3052 and XXXX using reduced-intensity conditioning with @entity3118 and melphalan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: AIM: Non cellulosic membranes, as @entity7540 ( @entity8606 ) improves middle-molecules purification through hemodialysis, and this increased clearance of middle-molecules may have benefical effects on uremic @entity305 . We have tried to evaluate this effect comparing nerve conduction velocities before and after hemodialysis with either @entity8606 or cellulose @entity598 (CA). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 in hemodialysis with @entity8606 for more than three months (4 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , mean age 58.4 +/- 12.9 years, mean time in hemodialysis 9.3 +/- 7.5 months). Motor conduction velocities (MCV) and sensory conduction velocities ( @entity6723 ) were measured predialysis and postdialysis with @entity8606 and, one week later, predialysis and postdialysis with CA. RESULTS: There were no differences neither in Kt/V values ( @entity8606 1.27 +/- 0.36 vs CA 1.16 +/- 0.26) nor in TAC ones ( @entity8606 40.8 +/- 17.4 vs CA 40.8 +/- 21.3 mg/dL). After hemodialysis with @entity8606 MCV significantly increased (42.0 +/- 3.0 vs 40.6 +/- 2.6 m/s baseline, p < 0.05). @entity6723 was also enhanced (45.3 +/- 2.2 vs 41.1 +/- 3.4 m/s baseline, p < 0.05). After hemodialysis with CA neither MCV changed (42.7 +/- 1.6 vs 42.0 +/- 2.3 m/s baseline), nor did @entity6723 (45.8 +/- 5.8 vs 44.8 +/- 3.0 m/s baseline). CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis with @entity8606 acutely improved @entity6723 and MCV. This effect was not seen with CA hemodialysis.

title: Acute effect of hemodialysis with XXXX membrane on nerve conduction velocities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity7540 :: ('CHEBI:61639', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylonitrile']

answer: @entity7540 :: (CHEBI:61639,Chemical) :: ['polyacrylonitrile']


abstract: PUF proteins control gene expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated regions of specific mRNAs and triggering mRNA decay or translational repression. Here we focus on the mechanism of PUF-mediated regulation. The @entity375 PUF protein, @entity29302 , regulates HO mRNA and stimulates removal of its poly(A) tail (i.e. deadenylation). @entity29302 repression in vivo is dependent on @entity18806 , a component of the cytoplasmic @entity37443 - @entity18806 -Not complex that deadenylates mRNAs. In this study, we elucidate the individual roles of the @entity37443 and @entity18806 deadenylases in @entity29302 -regulated deadenylation. Both in vivo and in vitro, @entity18806 and @entity37443 proteins are required for @entity29302 -regulated deadenylation of HO. However, the requirements for the two proteins differ dramatically: the enzymatic activity of @entity37443 is essential, whereas that of @entity18806 is dispensable. We conclude that @entity18806 is a bridge through which the PUF protein recruits the @entity37443 enzyme to the target mRNA, thereby stimulating deadenylation. Our data suggest that PUF proteins may enhance mRNA degradation and repress expression by both deadenylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms, using the same @entity18806 bridge to recruit a multifunctional @entity18806 complex to the mRNA.

title: PUF protein-mediated deadenylation is catalyzed by XXXX .

answer: @entity37443 :: (851212(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Ccr4p']


abstract: AIM: @entity2314 is considered primarily as a progressive @entity6249 , with @entity8 , brain and heart. Macrovascular involvement in male @entity1 includes an accelerated wall hypertrophy of the radial artery and a thickening of the intima-media of the common carotid artery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and severity of carotid artery @entity731 in hemizygous and heterozygous @entity1 with @entity2314 , compared with a matched control population. METHODS: The common carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of 53 @entity1 with @entity2314 (24 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 ) was measured by high-definition ultrasonography, and the presence or absence of @entity731 reported. Results were compared with those of 120 age-matched healthy individuals (83 @entity1 , 37 @entity1 ). RESULTS: The common carotid artery @entity121 was increased to the same extent in male and female @entity1 with @entity2314 (706+/-211 microm and 749+/-395 microm, respectively) compared with that of the control population (614+/-113 microm). In the @entity2314 , @entity121 did not correlate with either systolic blood pressure or with renal function (plasma @entity1011 ). In the control population, only systolic blood pressure was positively and significantly correlated with @entity121 . @entity731 in the common carotid artery were not observed in any @entity1 with @entity2314 , whereas 34% of the control population had carotid artery plaques, as evidenced by focal non-homogeneous intima-media thickening greater than 1.2 mm. CONCLUSION: This study presents evidence of a major increase in common carotid artery @entity121 , both in hemizygous and heterozygous @entity1 with @entity2314 , in the absence of focal @entity731 . These results suggest that the conduit arteries may be protected from @entity731 in @entity2314 .

title: Increased carotid XXXX in the absence of @entity731 in an adult population with @entity2314 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic degenerative lesions involving the kidneys']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry population', 'Fabry disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic plaques', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['intima-media thickness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computed Tomography Cholangiography (CTC) is a fast and widely available alternative technique to visualise @entity66 in @entity1 with an inconclusive ultrasound when MRI cannot be performed. The method has previously been relatively unknown and sparsely used, due to concerns about adverse reactions and about image quality in @entity1 with @entity409 and thus reduced contrast excretion. In this retrospective study, the feasibility and the frequency of adverse reactions of CTC when using a drip infusion scheme based on @entity648 levels were evaluated. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 who had undergone upper abdominal spiral CT with subsequent three-dimensional rendering of the biliary tract by means of CTC during seven years were retrospectively reviewed regarding serum @entity648 concentration, adverse reaction and presence of visible contrast media in the bile ducts at CT examination. In total, 153 consecutive examinations in 142 @entity1 were reviewed. RESULTS: Contrast media was observed in the bile ducts at 144 examinations. In 110 examinations, the infusion time had been recorded in the medical records. Among these, 42 examinations had an elevated @entity648 value (>19 micromol/L). There were nine @entity1 without contrast excretion; 3 of which had a normal @entity648 value and 6 had an elevated value (25-133 micromol/L). Two of the 153 examinations were inconclusive. One subject (0.7%) experienced a minor adverse reaction - a pricking sensation in the face. No other adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSION: We conclude that drip infusion CTC with an infusion rate of the biliary contrast agent iotroxate governed by the serum @entity648 value is a feasible and safe alternative to MRC in @entity1 with and without @entity73 . In this retrospective study the feasibility and the frequency of adverse reactions when using a drip infusion scheme based on @entity648 levels has been evaluated.

title: Three-dimensional drip infusion CT cholangiography in XXXX with suspected obstructive biliary disease: a retrospective analysis of feasibility and adverse reaction to contrast material.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired biliary excretion']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impaired hepatic function']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2743 is an autoimmune condition commonly associated with @entity1374 and with anti-thyroid antibodies, usually TSH receptor stimulating antibodies. Thyroid @entity792 also may be associated with extra thyroidal manifestations. Most common extra thyroidal manifestation is @entity6875 . Less common is @entity1374 , usually occurring in pretibial area. @entity3431 is almost always associated with @entity6875 and in severe cases with @entity3582 . A common antigen with thyroid in tissues of the skin and the eyes, most likely TSH receptor, is involved in pathogenesis of extra thyroidal manifestations. Presence of @entity3431 and @entity3582 are predictors of severity of @entity792 . Local corticosteroid application is the standard therapy for @entity3431 . Response to therapy is good in mild cases and poor in severe cases. Immune modulators and biotherapies are undergoing randomized trials for @entity6875 component of @entity2743 . Any therapy proven to be effective for @entity6875 can be utilized in future for management of @entity3431 .

title: @entity1374 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity3582 :: ('MESH:D010004', 'Disease') :: ['acropachy']

entities_list: @entity3431 :: ('MESH:C536920', 'Disease') :: ['dermopathy', 'Dermopathy']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune process']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dermopathy', 'thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity3582 :: (MESH:D010004,Disease) :: ['acropachy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the autoantibody in @entity1 without corresponding symptoms, whether these autoantibody are pathognomonic or not. We hypothesised that autoantibody may be reactive to chronic @entity281 , such as @entity378 ( @entity378 ). DESIGN: Randomised, case-control cohort study. SETTING: A tertiary centre in Taiwan. @entity1 : We randomly chose 100 @entity1 out of the data bank of @entity1 with @entity378 in a tertiary medical centre. All @entity1 completed the sera sampling. We chose 100 @entity1 according to autoantibody prevalence in previous literature. We also chose 100 medical staff as control group. INTERVENTIONS: We tested anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-Sm, anti ribonucleoprotein, anti-Scl 70, anticentromere, anti-double-stranded DNA, anticardiolipin IgG and IgM in all @entity1 and control groups. The clinical symptoms and the underlying disease were all recorded. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The result of sera antibody titre was recorded. For those with specific positive serology results, following examination was carried out after a 3-month anti- @entity378 medication. RESULTS: Anticardiolipin IgG titre was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity378 than in control group. We compared the result with previous population study and found that anti-Scl70 is also significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity378 . The following up data in anti-Scl70 revealed decreased titre after treatment. No correlation between sera titre and clinical conditions was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity378 endemic areas, a significant proportion (32%) of @entity1 with @entity378 have elevated autoantibody titres, especially anticardiolipin IgG and anti-Scl-70. Mycobacterial studies should be performed in @entity1 with elevated serum autoantibody titres but without the typical or multiple manifestations of @entity792 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the hospital (NTUH REC: 9561707008) after informed consent had been obtained from the @entity1 .

title: Autoantibody prevalence in active XXXX : reactive or pathognomonic?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 were treated in the Gamma Knife Unit and followed for 18 months or longer. Four @entity1 had @entity699 , 4 had @entity2012 , 3 had @entity2014 and 3 had @entity2013 . One @entity1 had no @entity2744 . One of the @entity1 with @entity2012 and 2 of those with @entity2013 had been operated prior to Gamma Knife treatment. @entity5 localization was not an insuperable problem in this series. The effect of Gamma Knife treatment on the anterior pituitary @entity5 , as such, was consistently successful. All the @entity5 which received 10 Gy or more to the edge showed either a reduction in volume or at least cessation of growth. On the other hand, the effect of the treatment was less consistent in respect to the @entity2744 . These results are discussed in respect of dose and @entity5 size. It is suggested that the role of the Gamma Knife in the treatment of @entity977 requires further clarification, based on prospective studies.

title: The effects of Gamma Knife surgery of @entity977 on @entity5 growth and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Radiological tumor', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathies', 'endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ["Nelson's syndrome"]

answer: @entity2744 :: (MESH:C567425,Disease) :: ['endocrinopathies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Our objective was to predict the radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity189 xenografts in @entity19 models through an examination of early changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized. METHODS: BALB/c-nu @entity19 (n = 20) were divided into two groups that were subcutaneously injected with CNE1 or CNE2 cell lines. Xenograft volumes were measured after @entity5 formation, @entity19 were scanned with a diffusion-weighted imaging sequence, and the mean ADC values were measured (ADC(0) ). Fifteen to 20 hours after @entity5 received 15 Gy, @entity19 were scanned again and ADC values (ADC(1) ) were measured. RESULTS: ADC(0) and ADC(1) values of the CNE1 group showed no significant difference (P = .692). The difference between the ADC(0) and ADC(1) values of the CNE2 group was statistically significant (P < .001). ADC(0) values of the two groups exhibited no statistically significant difference (P = .204). ADC(1) , ADC(1-0) , and /\ADC of the two groups exhibited statistically significant differences (P < .001; P = .001 and .002, respectively). After irradiation, volume changes /\V(8) , /\V(10) , and /\V(12) of two groups were statistically different (all P < .001). Pearson correlation analysis showed ADC(1-0) and /\ADC were positively correlated with /\V(8) , /\V(10) , and /\V(12) . The cut point was found by means of a receiver operating characteristic curve, and the /\V(12) of the two redivided groups showed a statistically significant difference (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that changes in ADC values correlated with volume changes after irradiation. Therefore, ADC values have the potential to predict the radiosensitivity of @entity189 xenografts.

title: Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients predict radiosensitivity of XXXX @entity189 xenografts.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is widely used in @entity1 ; however, it remains controversial because of the health effects of radiation. AIM: This retrospective study investigated the indications for CBCT and dentomaxillofacial pathologies in paediatric @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CBCT images of 329 paediatric @entity1 (i.e., aged <18 years) were investigated retrospectively. CBCT images were obtained with five fields of view (FOV). CBCT indications were categorised as surgery and orthodontics. The effects of age, sex, and FOV were evaluated. The level of significance was P = 0.05. RESULTS: The most common orthodontic indications were @entity3232 and @entity154 (38.5%), followed by the localisation of impacted teeth (33.1%). There was no relationship between sex and indications. There were significant associations between age groups and @entity3232 and @entity154 , localisation of impacted teeth, and @entity130 . The face was the most frequently imaged region, followed by the jaws (maxilla and mandible). CONCLUSION: The most common indication for CBCT was @entity3232 and @entity154 in the primary and permanent dentition age groups, whereas the localisation of impacted teeth was the most common indication in the mixed dentition age group. Generally, CBCT was indicated in orthodontics and surgery.

title: Indications for cone beam computed tomography in XXXX and young @entity1 in a Turkish subpopulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dentomaxillofacial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serological methods to monitor @entity796 colonisation in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) are advocated but the diagnostic value of a commercially available P aeruginosa antibody test to detect early and chronic @entity796 colonisation in a non-research setting has not been assessed. METHODS: Colonisation with @entity796 was estimated by regular culture of sputum or oropharyngeal swabs during three consecutive years in 220 @entity1 with @entity1577 aged 0-65 years. Commercially available ELISA tests with three P aeruginosa antigens (elastase, exotoxin A, alkaline protease) were performed at the end of the study period. In a subgroup of 57 @entity1 (aged 4-14 years) serological tests were performed annually. RESULTS: Using culture as the reference standard, the ELISA tests using the advised cut off values had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 89% for chronic colonisation. Receiver-operator characteristic curves were created to optimise cut off values. Applying these new cut off values resulted in a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 79%. All three individual serological tests discriminated well between the absence and presence of chronic @entity796 colonisation. The sensitivity of the individual antibody test was 87% for elastase, 79% for exotoxin A, and 76% for alkaline protease. First colonisation was preceded by positive serological results in only five of 13 @entity1 (38%). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity1577 , serological tests using specific antigens are sensitive for diagnosing chronic @entity796 colonisation. However, the failure of serological tests to detect early colonisation in young @entity1 emphasises the need for continued reliance on cultures.

title: Diagnostic value of serological tests against @entity796 in a large XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: The initial description of @entity8 , a form of @entity916 -mediated @entity101 , included athletes with renal subcapsular @entity1410 after @entity812 . Subsequently, nontraumatic etiologies were identified. In this study, the authors compare traumatic and nontraumatic causes of @entity8 . All cases with @entity101 attributable to renal @entity1410 at our institution from 1960 to 2010 were reviewed. Twenty-six @entity1 (9 @entity130 , 17 nontrauma), with a mean age of 36.7 years, were included. @entity130 @entity1 were younger (P<.001), had lower systolic blood pressures (P=.011), and higher baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), (P=.027) at presentation. No differences in presenting features, imaging, urinalysis, or pathology are noted. Nontrauma cases required more antihypertensive medications (P=.001) and had higher nephrectomy rates. eGFR improved in all, but more in, @entity130 cases (P=.05). Through the analysis of 26 cases of @entity8 , two distinct groups were identified. @entity130 @entity1 tended to be younger, male, have less @entity8 and lower systolic blood pressure. Nontrauma @entity1 required more antihypertensive medications and had a higher nephrectomy rate. New-onset @entity101 occurred independent of etiology, calling for close surveillance of blood pressures.

title: XXXX : etiology, renal function outcomes and risk for future @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Page kidney', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Page kidney']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a relation to low serum @entity165 , lipoprotein, @entity750 or @entity2340 levels in @entity1 with @entity308 who have recently attempted suicide. DESIGN: Biochemical and behavioural study. SETTING: Inpatient and outpatient treatment at the Instituto Mexicano de Psiquiatr  a. @entity1 : Thirty-three @entity1 with a diagnosis of major @entity308 . Eighteen of these @entity1 had attempted suicide in the month before the start of the study; 15 @entity1 had never attempted suicide. OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels of total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), @entity1674 , @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity2340 . Scores on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Carroll Depression Rating Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Beck Suicide Attempt Severity Scale. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between @entity1 who had attempted suicide and those who had not in terms of serum @entity165 , HDL, LDL and @entity412 levels. Serum levels of @entity750 and @entity2340 were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity308 who had a recent suicide attempt than in those @entity1 who had never attempted suicide. A comparison of @entity1 not taking antidepressant medication found serum @entity750 levels to be more than 3 times lower in those @entity1 with a recent suicide attempt than in @entity1 with no history of suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS: The study found no difference in lipid profiles between @entity1 who had attempted suicide and those who had not. Low serum levels of @entity750 may increase the risk of suicide attempt in @entity1 who are depressed.

title: Relation of serum XXXX , lipid, @entity750 and @entity2340 levels to severity of @entity308 and to suicide attempts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated blood vessel invasion (BVI) as a possible negative prognostic factor in @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) according to the 7th edition of the TNM classification. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2007, a total of 694 consecutive @entity1 with pathological stage I @entity1149 underwent complete resection with systematic lymph node dissection at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. All sections of the specimens were stained by Elastica van Gieson to visualize elastic fibers and were examined to determine the prognostic symptoms of BVI. We statistically analyzed the association between BVI and clinicopathologic factors, as well as clinical outcomes. RESULTS: BVI was detected in 201 @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 (29.0%). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of the non-BVI and BVI @entity1 were 90.5% and 66.0%, respectively (p < 0.0001). BVI was found to be a significant independent prognostic factor by multivariate survival analysis in stage IA and stage IB @entity1149 (HR 2.591, p < 0.001; HR 2.347, p = 0.009, respectively). The 5-year OS rate of @entity1 with BVI was significantly worse than that of @entity1 without BVI in the T1a (94.5% vs 87.5%, p < 0.0001), T1b (82.7% vs 65.9%, p < 0.0001), and T2a (90.9% vs 61.8%, p < 0.0001) subgroups. CONCLUSION: We identified the presence of BVI as an independent poor prognostic factor in @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 . In the future revision of the TNM staging system, the routine use of elastic fiber stains in pathological evaluations of @entity2 for @entity3120 might be recommended, and @entity5 with BVI should be upstaged to the higher current T staging.

title: Proposal on incorporating blood vessel invasion into the T classification parts as a practical staging system for stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['BVI determination']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Background: Peripheral somatic and autonomic @entity16 are the most common types of @entity3949 . Although duration and degree of @entity4854 are considered to be risk factors for both @entity1897 , recent studies have raised the question of a different development and natural history of these @entity16 in @entity6 . In addition, a few studies have investigated the relationship between chronic @entity4148 . The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent @entity1897 coexist, as well as whether @entity21115 is more common in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity4148 . Methods: Subjects with @entity164 1 (n=52; mean age 31.7 years) and @entity164 2 @entity6 (n=53; mean age 54.5 years) were studied. @entity1897 was based on clinical symptoms (neuropathic symptom score), signs ( @entity16 score), and quantitative sensory testing (vibration perception threshold). @entity4148 was based on the battery of standardized cardiovascular autonomic function tests. Results: Prevalence rates of pure autonomic and of pure @entity1897 in @entity1 with @entity164 1diabetes were 28.8 and 13.5%, respectively. The respective rates in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were 20.7% (P=0.33 vs. @entity164 1 @entity6 ) and 20.7% (P=0.32). @entity1897 coexisted in 28.8% of @entity164 1 and in 45.3% of @entity164 2 @entity6 subjects (P=0.08). Prevalence rates of @entity1118 in subjects with @entity164 1 @entity6 , with and without @entity4148 , were 16.6 and 22.7%, respectively (P=0.85) and in @entity164 2 @entity6 subjects 20 and 22.2%, respectively (P=0.58). Multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, sex, blood pressure, duration of @entity6 , HBA(1c), and presence of @entity989 or microalbuminuria showed that neither the indices of peripheral nerve function (neuropathic symptom score, @entity16 score, vibration perception threshold) nor the presence of @entity1897 or @entity1118 are associated with the presence of @entity4148 in individuals with either @entity164 1 or @entity164 2 @entity6 . Conclusions: Peripheral and autonomic @entity16 do not invariably coexist in @entity6 . In addition, @entity1118 may be present irrespective of the presence of @entity4148 .

title: XXXX does not invariably coexist with @entity4148 in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies', 'neuropathy disability']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Evaluation of peripheral neuropathy', 'Peripheral and autonomic neuropathy', 'peripheral neuropathy', 'autonomic and peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['painful and autonomic neuropathy', 'autonomic neuropathy', 'Assessment of autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity21115 :: ('MESH:C564945', 'Disease') :: ['painful neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic painful neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: A total of 24 @entity1 with advanced @entity14 were entered into a phase I-II study of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity900 , 21 of whom had previously received @entity1487 . The starting dose of @entity900 was 20 mg/m2 diluted in 1000 cc normal saline, given over 20 h daily for 5 days, together with 600 mg/m2 @entity1487 diluted in 1000 cc fluid, given simultaneously over 20 h daily for 5 days. This regiment was given every 4 weeks. The dose-limiting @entity137 was renal and cumulative. All 24 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 . Of 12 @entity1 on the above-mentioned starting dose, 8 underwent a @entity900 dose reduction to 15 mg/m2 due to a progressive decrease in @entity1011 clearance following the second or third course of treatment. Of 12 @entity1 who started @entity900 at 15 mg/m2 and @entity1487 at 600 mg/m2, 11 were maintained at this dose. A WBC nadir count of less than 2000/mm3 was seen in four @entity1 . @entity882 occurred in three @entity1 who received 15 mg/m2 @entity900 and 600 mg/m2 @entity1487 . In all, 21 of the 24 @entity1 had objectively measurable disease and were also evaluable for response as follows: 1 complete response, 2 partial responses, 1 case of stable disease, and 17 @entity1 with progressive disease.

title: Combination chemotherapy of @entity900 and @entity1487 for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The @entity400 ( @entity400 ) state in aging @entity35 , characterized by a lack of ovulation and absence of estrous cycles, is associated with enhanced @entity7456 and beta A subunit mRNA expression in the ovaries. It has been shown that the @entity400 state can be interrupted by successive treatments with a @entity1420 implant (P-implant) and that estrous cycles can be transiently restored after implant removal. The present study examined whether restoration of estrous cycles in @entity400 @entity35 could reverse the altered ovarian @entity7456 and beta A subunit gene expression. @entity400 @entity35 were treated with subcutaneous P-implants for 6 wk. After implant removal, the return of estrous cyclicity was confirmed by characteristic cyclic changes in vaginal cytology. Ovaries collected from the P-implant-treated animals at 1100 h on diestrus Day 2 or proestrus showed significantly decreased levels of both @entity7456 and beta A subunit mRNAs compared to those of @entity400 controls and young cyclic females. In situ hybridization revealed that the decreased @entity7456 subunit mRNA after P-implants was due to decreased gene expression in the granulosa cells of large preovulatory follicles and to a compete absence of gene expression in large, cystic follicles devoid of granulosa cells and oocytes. In addition, @entity7456 subunit mRNA was expressed in the newly developed follicles after implant removal. The beta A subunit mRNA was detected only in maturing follicles, not in newly developing follicles or in the large cystic follicles. The patterns of ovarian @entity7456 and beta A subunit gene expression mimicked those of cyclic animals. These data indicate that loss of estrous cycles in aging @entity35 results in an overexpression of @entity7456 and beta A mRNAs in large and anovulatory follicles and that reinstatement of ovarian cycles in aged @entity35 restores inhibin gene expression to normal levels.

title: Enhanced ovarian inhibin subunit gene expression in aging XXXX is due to chronic anovulation.

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['persistent-estrous', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) causes early activation events in @entity19 oocytes, but little is known about its precise role in the early embryonic development of @entity19 . We aimed to determine whether and how @entity1617 is capable of rescuing two-cell block in an in vitro culture system. @entity1617 evoked different transient @entity141 patterns showing a higher @entity141 peak in the two-cell stage embryos (two-cells) than observed in mature oocytes. In early two-cells subjected to an in vitro two-cell block, @entity9422 (Xes-C), an IP3 receptor antagonist, significantly decreased the level of the @entity1617 -induced @entity141 increase. The reduction in the @entity1617 -induced @entity141 increase by Xes-C in late two-cells was lower than that in early two-cells. Furthermore, @entity10756 and @entity14374 , both @entity22617 inhibitors, were found to reduce the magnitude of the @entity1617 -induced @entity141 increase in early two-cells. The addition of @entity1617 to the culture medium showed an ability to rescue in vitro two-cell block. However, the addition of @entity1617 together with both Xes-C and @entity22617 inhibitors or with either inhibitor separately had no effect on the rescue of two-cell block. Long-term exposure of late two-cells to @entity1617 decreased morula and early blastocyst development and @entity1617 had a differential effect on early and late two-cells. These results indicate that @entity1617 likely rescues the in vitro two-cell block through activation of @entity12845 - and/or @entity22617 -dependent signal transduction pathways.

title: XXXX rescues two-cell block through activation of IP3 receptors and @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent kinase II in an ICR @entity19 strain.

entities_list: @entity9422 :: ('MESH:C511704', 'Chemical') :: ['xestospongin C']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['Acetylcholine']


abstract: To investigate the effect of the therapeutic dosage (50 approximately 100 mg/day) of @entity3352 ( @entity3936 ), which is well-known to inhibit the synthesis of @entity2918 , on the @entity1 @entity444 , five experiments were performed. @entity48973 . I and @entity48973 . II: Six healthy male subjects pretreated with @entity3936 for two days ( @entity48973 . I), and 12 male @entity1 receiving @entity3936 for 1 to 19 months ( @entity48973 . II) were examined. In these two @entity3936 treated groups, resting levels of plasma LH did not change, and LH response to @entity1176 (100 microgram i.v.) slightly increased as compared with nontreated control males (N=11). Resting levels of plasma FSH, and FSH response to @entity1176 statistically and significantly suppressed in both @entity3936 treated groups, except for FSH response to @entity1176 in the @entity3936 pretreated healthy male group. @entity48973 . III: Two healthy @entity1 with regular menstrual cycles were treated with @entity3936 for several days just before ovulation. These @entity1 's preovulatory LH surges were not blocked by @entity3936 and were followed by a normal luteal pattern of basal body temperature. @entity48973 . IV: Ten female @entity1 receiving @entity3936 for 1 to 10 months were examined. In 9 @entity1 , normal preovulatory LH surges were observed. It was interesting that the duration of the luteal phase was shortened (less than 10 days) in 5 of the 10 @entity1 , and mid-luteal plasma @entity1420 levels were less than 500 ng/dl even if some of those @entity1 had a normal duration of the luteal phase. @entity48973 . V: In five female @entity1 treated with @entity3936 for 1 to 9 months, mid-follicular gonadotropin secretions were estimated. Resting levels of plasma gonadotropins and their responses to @entity1176 did not differ from the control female group (N=4). From these results, it was indicated that (1) the therapeutic dosage of @entity3936 acted on the central nervous system and the anterior pituitary, and then suppressed FSH secretion in male subjects. There was sexual difference in the @entity3936 effect on FSH secretion, that is, mid-follicular FSH secretion was not affected by @entity3936 in female subjects. (2) LH secretion was not suppressed by @entity3936 in either male or female subjects in the mid-follicular phase. (3) The therapeutic dosage of @entity3936 did not block the preovulatory LH surge and ovulation in female subjects, but @entity3936 might act on corpus luteum and cause @entity409 .

title: [Studies on the effect of the therapeutic dosage of @entity3352 on XXXX gonadotropin secretion (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['luteal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Experience with a program for identifying, through a physician order entry system, potentially inappropriate use of expensive intravenous (i.v.) drugs, including @entity800 , is described. The program identifies @entity1 who are receiving i.v. @entity800 and simultaneously receiving oral medications or an oral diet. A computerized report of such @entity1 is printed every morning at the hospital and distributed to pharmacists according to their nursing station assignments. The pharmacists document their daily interventions to encourage switching from i.v. to oral therapy, and data are compiled and posted at the end of each month. From January 1 through September 30, 1999, the first 10 months of the program, the cost per day of @entity800 therapy per @entity1 decreased substantially. The program helped the institution decrease the number of @entity1 receiving i.v. @entity800 .

title: Use of a physician order entry system to identify opportunities for intravenous to oral XXXX conversion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['levofloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate whether @entity172 may attenuate @entity8233 formation in hyperhomocysteinemic @entity35 carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: @entity35 were divided into 6 groups: ovariectomized @entity53 -treated @entity1255 or chow; ovariectomized placebo-treated @entity1255 or chow; intact placebo-treated @entity1255 or chow. Chow served as controls while @entity1255 served as exaggerated intimal @entity1373 . Prior to endarterectomy, @entity35 were implanted with @entity53 mini-pump or placebo, diets given 2 weeks before and after surgery. @entity1255 , @entity172 , and neointimal @entity1373 were determined. RESULTS: @entity1255 was elevated in @entity1255 groups versus controls except in @entity53 -treated group. Intimal @entity1373 increased in placebo-treated ovariectomized @entity1255 versus intact group. Exaggerated intimal @entity1373 in placebo-treated ovariectomized @entity1255 was reduced by @entity172 and so was @entity1255 . @entity172 replacement in ovariectomized @entity1255 group reduced intimal @entity1373 to that of intact or ovariectomized controls. CONCLUSION: @entity53 treatment in this @entity3562 carotid endarterectomy and resultant attenuation of @entity1255 and @entity8233 may have relevance to the beneficial effects of @entity172 on @entity5072 response.

title: @entity172 replacement attenuates exaggerated neointimal @entity1373 following carotid endarterectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['ovariectomized hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of novel algorithms using an oximeter-based finger plethysmographic signal in combination with a nasal cannula for the detection and differentiation of central and obstructive @entity386 . The validity of single pulse oximetry to detect respiratory disturbance events was also studied. METHODS: @entity1 recruited from four sleep laboratories underwent an ambulatory overnight cardiorespiratory polygraphy recording. The nasal flow and photoplethysmographic signals of the recording were analyzed by automated algorithms. The @entity27 index (AHI(auto)) was calculated using both signals, and a respiratory disturbance index (RDI(auto)) was calculated from photoplethysmography alone. @entity386 events were classified into obstructive and central types using the oximeter derived pulse wave signal and compared with manual scoring. RESULTS: Sixty-six subjects (42 males, age 54    14 yrs, body mass index 28.5    5.9 kg/m(2)) were included in the analysis. AHI(manual) (19.4    18.5 events/h) correlated highly significantly with AHI(auto) (19.9    16.5 events/h) and RDI(auto) (20.4    17.2 events/h); the correlation coefficients were r = 0.94 and 0.95, respectively (p < 0.001) with a mean difference of -0.5    6.6 and -1.0    6.1 events/h. The automatic analysis of AHI(auto) and RDI(auto) detected sleep @entity386 (cutoff AHI(manual) >=  15 events/h) with a sensitivity/specificity of 0.90/0.97 and 0.86/0.94, respectively. The @entity2417 indices correlated closely with manually scoring (r = 0.87 and 0.95, p < 0.001) with mean difference of -4.3    7.9 and 0.3    1.5 events/h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Automatic analysis based on routine pulse oximetry alone may be used to detect @entity25 @entity1353 with accuracy. In addition, the combination of photoplethysmographic signals with a nasal flow signal provides an accurate distinction between obstructive and central @entity25 .

title: Detection of XXXX @entity1353 and its central/obstructive character using nasal cannula and finger pulse oximeter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2417 :: ('MESH:D020182', 'Disease') :: ['automated obstructive/central apnea']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['apneic events during sleep', 'sleep disordered']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'Apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disordered']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of postischemic treatment with @entity1502 on the cytokine gene expressions and neuronal apoptosis in neonatal @entity35 model of @entity2806 . METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity35 @entity35 pups (n = 40) of either sex, delivered spontaneously, were used in this experimental study. Control group (n = 8): after median neck incision was made, neither ligation nor @entity519 was performed, @entity63 group (n = 16): 0.5 mL of saline was injected intraperitoneally immediately after @entity519 . @entity1502 and @entity63 groups (n = 16): the @entity35 pups were administered intraperitoneally 60 mg/kg of @entity1502 immediately after @entity519 . Eight @entity35 from @entity63 and @entity1502 + @entity63 groups were sacrificed 4 and 24 hours after drug administration. Control group @entity19 were decapitated 4 hours after @entity519 . @entity4124 activity, @entity3426 , and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a messenger RNA expression levels were studied in the left half of the brain. RESULTS: Induction of @entity2806 increased @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and @entity3426 messenger RNA expression levels significantly at 4 hours and 24 hours following @entity63 in the left @entity63 hemispheres in the @entity63 group as compared with the control group. Systemic administration of @entity1502 immediately after @entity2806 significantly reduced the @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and @entity3426 messenger RNA expression levels in @entity63 tissue as compared with the @entity63 group. @entity4124 activities in the left half of the brains of @entity63 group were found to be increased significantly as compared with control group. @entity4124 activities in the brains of @entity1502 + @entity63 groups were significantly lower than in that of @entity63 group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the significantly lower @entity3426 and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a gene expression measured after 4 and 24 hours and significantly reduced @entity4124 activity measured colorimetrically in the animals treated with @entity1502 , our findings suggest that @entity1502 may reduce @entity75 due to @entity63 .

title: The effects of intraperitoneal @entity1502 treatment in XXXX pups with @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia', 'hypoxic-ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline', 'pentoxifylline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Chemical exposure during embryonic development may cause persistent effects, yet developmental @entity137 data exist for very few chemicals. Current testing procedures are time consuming and costly, underlining the need for rapid and low cost screening strategies. While in vitro methods are useful for screening, these methods do not replicate all the intricacies of embryonic development and should ideally be complemented by an in vivo screening strategy. In this study, we modify a @entity7021 fish embryo assay to meet the requirements of high-throughput, developmental toxicant testing in vivo. The @entity7021 ( @entity7021 ) offers several advantages over traditional @entity1 model systems, including economic husbandry, high fecundity, and rapid ex utero development. In most studies where fish eggs are exposed to a chemical, the exposure takes place in a common vessel, with many embryos being exposed to the same solution. This type of design is not amenable to high-throughput methodology, does not allow the investigator to follow the same embryo throughout gestation, and may confound statistical analysis of the results. Therefore, we developed a 96-well microtiter plate method to facilitate exposure of individual @entity7021 embryos in single wells and compared this approach to the common vessel method using the industrial solvent @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) as the test compound. At lower @entity3733 concentrations (0% or 1%), the 96-well microtiter plate assay replicated results obtained using the common vessel exposure method. There was, however, @entity101 and decreased hatching rate in the bottle-reared embryos treated with the higher @entity3733 concentrations (5% or 10%). Because the embryos reared in the 96-well microtiter plates never showed increased adverse effects (as compared to the bottle-reared embryos) at any @entity3733 concentration, we conclude that the 96-well microtiter plate assay provides a rapid and efficient alternative for developmental @entity137 screens that utilize fish embryos.

title: Adapting the XXXX embryo assay to a high-throughput approach for developmental @entity137 testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased lethality']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['Oryzias latipes', 'medaka', 'Japanese medaka']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['medaka']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report @entity936 @entity1 ' functional visual acuity, which was measured after sustained eye opening for 10-20 seconds, as a simulation of visual function of daily acts of gazing, which is defined as looking at an object with @entity2358 . METHODS: Interventional clinical nonrandomized comparative trial. We measured ordinary best-corrected visual acuity and functional visual acuity in non-Sj  @entity244 (non- @entity244 , N = 10) and Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 , N = 12) @entity1 and in normal controls (N = 8), prospectively. Surface regularity index (SRI) of corneal topography was also measured under routine circumstances and after sustained eye opening. Blink rates while gazing were measured during reading in another 28 @entity936 @entity1 and during driving in another 8 normal controls. RESULTS: Functional visual acuity did not change (1.27-1.16) in normal controls, but decreased significantly from 1.18-0.336 in non- @entity244 @entity1 (P = .0007) and from 1.15-0.228 (P < .00001) in @entity244 @entity1 . SRI after sustained eye opening increased in non- @entity244 (P = .032) and @entity244 @entity1 (P = .0007), but not in the normal controls. Blink rates during reading (P < .001) and driving (P = .012) were significantly decreased from baseline blink rates. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the visual function of @entity936 @entity1 becomes abnormal with ocular surface irregularity when the eye is kept open for 10-20 seconds. Our data indicate @entity227 in @entity936 @entity1 while gazing. Functional visual acuity may be important in daily activities.

title: Impaired functional visual acuity of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired visual function']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary blink suppression']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["gren's syndrome", 'SS']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry eye']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite recognition of the need for increased long-term support for @entity1 with @entity2026 following @entity64 , there remains limited evidence for effective service-level interventions. AIMS: To evaluate the outcomes and experiences of @entity1 participating in the @entity497 ( @entity497 ), a 2-year partnership project between health, local authority and third-sector services, shaped by @entity1 with @entity2026 , which provided a coordinated programme of support and interventions for @entity1 with long-term @entity2026 following @entity64 . METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the evaluation. Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity2026 were recruited to the 12-month study as they became part of @entity497 , with 20 completing all measures at the end of the study. @entity1 had no other speech and language therapy during the study. Quantitative measures (before and after intervention) were used for quality of life, self-report outcomes and goal attainment. Three of the @entity1 with @entity2026 and three further @entity1 involved in the service (carer, volunteer, public sector worker) each agreed to a series of five semi-structured interviews over a 9-month period. A total of 28 interviews were collected using neutral interviewers; these were transcribed and analysed by a team within NVivo8 software, based on interpretive principles from grounded theory. Thematic analysis of the narratives explored the experience of engaging with @entity497 , and the barriers and facilitators affecting quality of life. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2026 made significant gains in quality of life (in particular, in communication and psychosocial adjustment to @entity64 ) and self-report measures of change. A total of 82% of real-life goals set as part of intervention were fully or partially achieved at follow-up. Five core themes emerged from the narratives: 'Quality of life', 'Barriers', 'Facilitators', 'Types of @entity497 activity' and 'Effectiveness'. The intervention was evaluated through the theme of 'Effectiveness' in relation to the other themes, encapsulating emerging @entity1 views (including the type and timeliness of activity, expectations of outcomes, resources and perceived value). The impact of the intervention was also analysed in terms of identifying barriers and providing facilitators. CONCLUSIONS _ IMPLICATIONS: The quantitative and qualitative (narrative) findings were complementary in demonstrating the effectiveness of the @entity497 service delivery model. Moreover, the narratives, through a longitudinal perspective, provided evidence about @entity1 's experience of intervention for long-term @entity2026 . The findings provide foundations for further work into long-term recovery, intervention and adjustment to @entity2026 post- @entity64 .

title: Evaluating the effectiveness of intervention in long-term @entity2026 post- @entity64 : the experience from XXXX ( @entity497 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Communication Hub for Aphasia in North Tyneside', 'CHANT']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['CHANT']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) are affected by episodes of respiratory exacerbations, some of which can be severe and may necessitate respiratory support. Prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with increased mortality rates. Persistent failure to discontinue invasive mechanical ventilation is a major issue in @entity1 with @entity1030 . Pure or mixed @entity5838 is a common finding in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with a worse outcome. In @entity1 with @entity1030 , the condition is called post-hypercapnic @entity5838 and is a complication of mechanical ventilation. Reversal of @entity5838 may facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation of @entity1 with @entity1030 . @entity3791 , a non-specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is one of the drugs employed in the ICU to reverse @entity5838 . The drug is relatively safe, undesirable effects being rare. The compartmentalization of the different isoforms of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme may, in part, explain the lack of evidence of the efficacy of @entity3791 as a respiratory stimulant. Recent findings suggest that the usually employed doses of @entity3791 in the ICU may be insufficient to significantly improve respiratory parameters in mechanically ventilated @entity1 with @entity1030 . Randomized controlled trials using adequate doses of @entity3791 are required to address this issue.

title: XXXX : a second wind for a respiratory stimulant in the intensive care unit?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide', 'Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis', 'alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity3791 :: (MESH:D000086,Chemical) :: ['Acetazolamide']


abstract: There is no agreed definition for the assessment of @entity174 and @entity85 in @entity1 with @entity170 . Radiographs of 66 @entity1 randomized for therapy with @entity10210 or placebo were analyzed at baseline and during follow-up (60/120/150 weeks) independently using two procedures. The first method of @entity85 index (SDIG) and @entity85 score (VDSG) is based on a semiquantitative visual reading of each vertebra between T4 and L4. The second method of spine deformity index (SDIM) and @entity85 index (VDIM) is based on vertebral height measurements of T4 through L5 and each measurement from T5 to L5 (anterior, middle and posterior height) is related to T4 and compared with the respective T4-related normal range. There was good agreement between the mean vertebral deformation from T5 to L4 graded by VDSG and VDIM, with correlation coefficients between R = 0.52 (p < 0.0001) and R = 0.9 (p < 0.0001) respectively. Spinal deformation at baseline as measured by SDIM and SDIG was correlated with R = 0.76 (p < 0.0001). For diagnosing a vertebra as fractured or not, VDIM reached a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 85% using VDSG as a standard, and on the other hand VDSG reached a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 88% in relation to VDIM. The changes in spinal deformation from week 0 to 150 were correlated with R = 0.58 (p < 0.0002) between SDIM and SDIG. To detect vertebral fracture progression the sensitivity of VDIM was 74% and the specificity 86%, when changes in VDSG were used as a standard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of a semiquantitative and a quantitative method for assessing @entity174 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity10210 :: ('MESH:D012968', 'Chemical') :: ['etidronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity', 'deformities', 'vertebral deformity']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experimental laparoscopic trials require relevant models of @entity43 . METHODS: Female nude @entity35 were inoculated intraperitoneally either with the IGR-OV1 or the @entity1 @entity1 @entity420 cell lines. Serial clinical checks and sacrifices were used to evaluate the rates of @entity5 take, survival, and patterns of @entity5 spread. Finally, laparoscopies with various pneumoperitoneum pressures were performed to verify the "surgical" relevancy of out models. The learning curve was measured. RESULTS: The best results were obtained when twenty-seven 106 IGR-OV1 cells and thirty-six 106 @entity1 cells were injected in 28-day-old @entity35 . The IGR-OV1 model provided a mean survival of 17.8 days (range, 13-22 days), with a high take rate (94%). The NIH:OVCAR-3 model resulted in a longer mean survival (59 days; range, 49-77) and also a high take rate (83%). The two models differed in their patterns of @entity5 spread: solid bulky omental @entity3 having a diffuse @entity298 with the IGR-OV1 line (the weight of the omental cake correlated significantly with the stage of development) and diffuse @entity298 having no large solid @entity5 , but visceral and paraaortic @entity3 , with the NIH:OVCAR-3 line. In both models, @entity10224 was high. Anesthesia could be performed and repeated in healthy and @entity5 -bearing @entity35 . Laparoscopy was feasible, with pneumoperitoneum pressures as high as 8 mmHg lasting 1 h. Laparoscopy provided a reliable evaluation of the @entity5 spread into the peritoneal cavity. The plateau of the learning curve was soon obtained for take rate and survival after laparoscopy. CONCLUSION: We report two new @entity1 @entity43 xenografts in nude @entity35 suitable for laparoscopy. The IGR-OV1 model mimics an advanced stage of the disease, and the NIH:OVCAR-3 model presents an earlier stage. These two models appear useful for experiments involving laparoscopy.

title: Description of two new XXXX @entity43 models in nude @entity35 suitable for laparoscopic experimentation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'macroscopic peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']