abstract: Radiographic and respiratory functional findings are reported for a series of 133 Finnish @entity1 with @entity1355 . Of these @entity1 , 65 (49%) were found to have radiographically mild @entity3794 (profusion 0/1, 1/0 or 1/1), 48 (36%) moderate @entity82 (1/2, 2/1 or 2/2) and 20 (15%) diffuse @entity82 in an advanced stage (2/3 or more). The type of @entity82 was mostly irregular (110 = 83%). @entity82 was typically the most advanced in the lower zones of the lungs. Of the 133 @entity1 , 88 (66%) showed pleural changes and 78 (59%) @entity730 . The more severe the @entity82 , as seen in the radiographs, the greater the decrease in vital capacity (VC) and expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0). Transfer factor was generally impaired only in advanced cases of @entity1355 ( @entity82 2/3 or more). In general, obstruction was not observed in this series. Pleural changes seemed to decrease VC and FEV1.0 when the @entity82 was mild (0/1, 1/0 or 1/1). They had no effect on diffusion capacity (TLco).

title: Radiographic and physiological findings in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['pleural calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestosis']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of blind vs. ultrasonography-guided corticosteroid injections in @entity5818 and determine the correlation between accuracy of the injection location and clinical outcome. DESIGN: Forty-six @entity1 with @entity5818 were randomized for ultrasonography-guided (group 1, n = 23) and blind corticosteroid injections (group 2, n = 23). Magnetic resonance imaging analysis was performed immediately after the injection. Changes in shoulder range of motion, @entity158 , and shoulder function were recorded. All @entity1 were assessed before the injection and 6 wks after the injection. RESULTS: Accurate injections were performed in 15 (65%) group 1 @entity1 and in 16 (70%) group 2 @entity1 . There was no statistically significant difference in the injection location accuracy between the two groups (P > 0.05). At the end of the sixth week, regardless of whether the injected mixture was found in the subacromial region or not, all of the @entity1 showed improvements in all of the parameters evaluated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Blind injections performed in the subacromial region by experienced individuals were reliably accurate and could therefore be given in daily routines. @entity228 injections in the subacromial region were very effective in improving the @entity158 and functional status of @entity1 with @entity5818 during the short-term follow-up.

title: Blind or ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections and short-term response in XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, prospective study.

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroid']

answer: @entity5818 :: (MESH:D019534,Disease) :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) in @entity1 who present with @entity715 ( @entity715 ) or @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ). METHODS: Nine @entity1 with recent @entity715 and four @entity1 with @entity3181 underwent @entity5273 . The diagnosis was confirmed by color Doppler ultrasound and by angiogram in most @entity1 . @entity1 were followed clinically and had @entity5273 checked periodically for patency. The end point was mortality, subsequent surgical shunting or orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). RESULTS: @entity5273 was placed in 13 of 15 (87%) @entity1 with @entity3181 or @entity715 . The mean decrease in pressure gradient was 56%. Median and mean follow-up were 14 months and 16.9 months. Procedure related complications occurred in two of 13 (15%), both in the @entity715 group. Direct procedural mortality was one of 13 (8%). The majority of @entity1 with @entity715 (five of eight) underwent OLT. Of the remaining three, one @entity1 subsequently developed a cavernous transformation of portal vein but is stable, one @entity1 is stable, without further @entity548 , and one @entity1 died because of @entity881 . In @entity1 with @entity3181 , three of four (75%) did well with @entity5273 , but one @entity1 required immediate surgical shunting after occlusion of the @entity5273 . Two @entity1 underwent OLT and the fourth @entity1 is stable 2 yr later but has @entity82 on biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity3181 , @entity5273 placement is effective and can be used as a bridge to liver transplantation. @entity5273 in the noncavernous @entity715 group should only be recommended when @entity82 and uncontrollable @entity548 are present.

title: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( @entity5273 ) for XXXX or @entity715 : review of indications and problems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari Syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis', 'PVT']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: A novel pigmented @entity272 was observed in four unrelated @entity1 , three of whom had @entity1723 . Three @entity1 were the offspring of consanguineous parents. All four @entity1 had pigmented @entity28075 patches or induration on the upper inner thighs, with variable involvement of the genitalia, trunk, and limbs. Two @entity1 had @entity3170 and @entity2694 with similar facies and @entity85 including @entity7731 , flat feet, and @entity851 . One @entity1 had paraaortic and @entity3329 and three @entity1 had an enlarged liver and spleen. A large, swollen pancreas was observed on ultrasound imaging in one @entity1 with @entity1723 who also had echocardiographic evidence of @entity32 . Three @entity1 had elevated laboratory markers of @entity32 . Biopsy specimens from the skin and orbit showed a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate composed of polyclonal lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells; @entity82 was observed in two @entity1 , one of whom had previously received radiation therapy to the orbit. Two @entity1 responded to treatment with subcutaneous interferon-alpha, combined with a short course of oral @entity229 in the @entity1 without @entity6 . We believe these inflammatory @entity272 represent a unique @entity272 associated with @entity6 and @entity262 . The pathogenesis is unknown. The presence of consanguinity in three of four families, and similar @entity154 in two @entity1 , suggest a @entity74 , possibly with autosomal recessive inheritance.

title: Pigmented @entity272 and XXXX : manifestations of a unique @entity74 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'pericardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity28075 :: ('MESH:C535572', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichotic']

entities_list: @entity7731 :: ('MESH:C536852', 'Disease') :: ['clinodactyly']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital proptosis']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin dependent diabetes', 'insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatosis', 'pigmented skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['episcleritis']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin dependent diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14685 (TQ) is a plant extract that has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic effects. The aim of this study is to research how the use of TQ affects @entity19675 viability. 42 @entity35 were placed into 6 groups, with 7 @entity35 in each. A 3  *  10  cm McFarlane @entity19675 model was used on the test animals. The sham group had used neither surgical nor TQ treatment. The control group had surgery but no treatment afterwards. The preoperative TQ group was given oral doses of 2  mg/kg. TQ for 10  days preoperatively with no treatment after the surgical procedure. The postoperative TQ group received oral doses of 2  mg/kg TQ for 10  days after the surgical process. The preoperative  +  postoperative (pre  +  postoperative) TQ group was given oral doses of 2  mg/kg TQ for 10  days both preoperatively and postoperatively. Finally, the @entity3733 group received 10  mg/kg @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) for 10  days both preoperatively and postoperatively. Ten days after surgery the findings were evaluated. The average rates of @entity39 were found to be 29.7  % in the control group, 19.18  % in the preoperative TQ group, 13.05  % in the postoperative TQ group, 8.42  % in the pre  +  postoperative TQ group, and 29.03  % in the @entity3733 group. The experimental groups had better area measurement, histopathological, and electron microscopic results than the control group (All; p  <  0.05). We believe that, because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic properties, @entity14685 is an agent that can prevent @entity63 -reperfusion damage and, therefore, prevent @entity39 .

title: The Effect of the Active Ingredient @entity14685 on @entity19675 Viability in Random Pattern Flaps in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity14685 :: ('MESH:C003466', 'Chemical') :: ['thymoquinone', 'Thymoquinone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: We describe the status of vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ) receptors in regenerating liver. @entity12180 -stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was markedly decreased in proliferating liver 3 days after partial (70%) hepatectomy. This was associated with a reduced efficacy of @entity12180 (53% compared with controls), with no change in the potency of the peptide (ED50 0.8 nM). In contrast, @entity1928 - and @entity12831 (Gpp[NH]p)-stimulated enzyme activities were not decreased after hepatectomy. The expression of Gs protein subunits (alpha and beta) was studied by cholera toxin-catalysed @entity857 ribosylation of alpha s and by immunoblotting of alpha s and beta subunits. Both subunits were increased in regenerating liver, further suggesting that the decreased response to @entity12180 was not related to a decreased expression of Gs proteins. In fact, the reduced adenylate cyclase response to @entity12180 in regenerating liver was associated with quantitative and structural changes in @entity12180 receptors. Equilibrium binding data obtained with 125I- @entity12180 indicated the presence of two classes of binding sites, the Kds of which were not altered after hepatectomy. In contrast, changes in binding capacity (Bmax.) were as follows: 0.11 +/- 0.01 and 0.05 +/- 0.01 pmol/mg of protein for high-affinity sites in control and hepatectomized @entity35 respectively; and 2.3 +/- 0.2 and 0.65 +/- 0.03 pmol/mg of protein for low-affinity sites in control and hepatectomized @entity35 respectively. Moreover, affinity labelling experiments showed that the M(r) value of 125I- @entity12180 -receptor complexes was higher in regenerating liver than in quiescent hepatocytes, e.g. 58,000 and 53,000 respectively. It is concluded that @entity12180 receptors are altered in regenerating liver, resulting in a decreased response of adenylate cyclase to the neuropeptide.

title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in XXXX liver after partial hepatectomy.

entities_list: @entity12831 :: ('MESH:D006165', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: About 60 percent of @entity463 highly express the gangliosides 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1 on the cell surface, providing ideal targets for @entity1313 immunotherapy. A novel recombinant immunotoxin, DmAb14m-( @entity10390 )-PE38KDEL (DmAb14m-IT), specific for the gangliosides 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1, was constructed with improved affinity and increased @entity137 for immunotherapeutic targeting of @entity463 . We isolated an @entity10390 parental clone from a previously established @entity19 hybridoma, DmAb14, that is specific to both 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1. We then performed in vitro affinity maturation by @entity7958 hotspot random mutagenesis. The binding affinity and specificity of affinity-matured DmAb14m-IT were measured by surface-plasmon resonance, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro @entity137 of DmAb14m-IT was measured by protein synthesis inhibition and cell death assays in @entity1 cell lines expressing gangliosides 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1 (D54MG and D336MG) and xenograft-derived cells (D2224MG). As a result, the KD of DmAb14m-IT for gangliosides 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1 was 2.6 * 10(-9)M. Also, DmAb14m-IT showed a significantly higher internalization rate in cells expressing 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1. The DmAb14m-IT IC 50 was 80 ng/mL (1194 pM) on the D54MG cell line, 5 ng/ml (75 pM) on the D336MG cell line, and 0.5 ng/ml (7.5 pM) on the D2224MG xenograft-derived cells. There was no @entity137 on @entity4163 -negative HEK293 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the specific apparent affinity of DmAb14m-IT with 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1. In conclusion, DmAb14m-IT showed specific binding affinity, a significantly high internalization rate, and selective @entity137 on @entity11 cell lines and xenograft-derived cells expressing 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1, thereby displaying robust therapeutic potential for testing the antitumor efficacy of DmAb14m-IT at the preclinical level and eventually in the clinical setting.

title: Affinity-matured recombinant immunotoxin targeting gangliosides 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1 on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal treatment interval for administering @entity3045 @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) with a holding chamber to @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with @entity697 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: EDs of two affiliated teaching hospitals in the Bronx, NY. @entity1 : One hundred adult @entity1 with @entity697 and FEV1 <60% predicted of normal. INTERVENTIONS: At entry (T=0 min), eligible @entity1 all openly received inhaled @entity3045 (six puffs) via @entity4185 with a spacer. Subsequently, in a double-blind fashion, they received six puffs of @entity3045 or placebo with new MDIs and spacers at 30, 60, and 90 min such that group 1 (n=34) received @entity3045 every 30 min, group 2 (n=33) every 60 min, and group 3 (n=33) at 120 min only. FEV1 and vital signs were measured at T=0 and at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min following initial treatment. @entity972 levels were measured at T=0 and 120 min. Adverse events, the use of additional inhaled beta-agonists or systemic corticosteroids, and hospitalization rates were recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: At T=0, the groups did not differ in age, FEV1, or prescribed @entity565 medications. All groups showed significant improvement in FEV1 (p<0.05; T=120 vs 0 min). The conditions of groups 1 and 2 improved significantly more than those of group 3, but did not differ compared to each other. The mean+/-SEM change in FEV1 (T=120 vs 0 min) was 0.993+/-0.108, 0.858+/-0.135, and 0.321+/-0.056 L, respectively, for the three groups. Separate analysis for @entity1 with FEV1% <40% or >40% predicted showed similar results. However, @entity1 who initially were low responders to @entity3045 treatment (<15 percentage point increase at 15 min) improved significantly with 30-min treatments compared to the other two treatment regimens. @entity1 who initially responded with >15 percentage point increase in FEV1 at 15 min following initial @entity3045 inhalation benefited equally from 30- or 60-min treatments compared to 120 min. @entity972 levels did not change significantly during the study. Adverse events and hospitalization rates were equivalent. After the conclusion of the study, group 3 @entity1 required a greater number of beta-agonist treatments prior to eventual discharge from the @entity341 . CONCLUSIONS: For @entity697 , @entity3045 @entity4185 with a holding chamber can be given optimally at 60-min intervals with minimal adverse effects for the majority of @entity1 . However, @entity1 who initially demonstrate a low or poor bronchodilator response to @entity3045 should be given subsequent treatments at 30-min intervals. This will optimize care and conserve resources for @entity1 who will benefit the most.

title: Emergency treatment of XXXX with @entity3045 @entity4185 plus holding chamber: how often should treatments be administered?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'metered-dose inhaler']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute asthma']


abstract: @entity28221 ( @entity28221 ) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula which is widely used clinically. In this study, we investigated the effects of an aqueous (HJDTaq) and an ethanolic (HJDTet) extract of @entity28221 on @entity8638 after focal @entity2806 in @entity19 . The @entity63 was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 30 min. HJDTaq (4 g/kg) and HJDTet (200, 400, 800 mg/kg) were orally administered for 21 d from day 7 before @entity63 to day 14 after @entity63 . The survival rate decreased to less than 50% at 35 d after @entity63 . HJDTet at 400 mg/kg increased the survival rate. HJDTaq (4 g/kg) and HJDTet (400, 800 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the @entity51 , @entity1010 and @entity1188 volume after @entity63 . There were few cells positive for @entity5231 , @entity519 -inducible-factor-1a ( @entity1965 ), @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and @entity11132 in the sham control. After @entity63 , the number increased. HJDTaq (4 g/kg) and HJDTet (400 or 800 mg/kg) further increased the numbers of @entity5231 , @entity1965 , @entity1611 and @entity11132 -positive cells in the @entity63 hemisphere. We conclude that HJDTaq and HJDTet have neuroprotective effects on @entity8638 after focal @entity2806 and lead to accelerated angiogenesis by @entity1965 -regulated @entity1611 signaling.

title: XXXX extract protects against @entity8638 after focal @entity2806 via @entity519 -inducible-factor-1a-regulated @entity1611 signaling in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity28221 :: ('MESH:C537931', 'Disease') :: ['Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang', 'HJDT']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic brain injury']

answer: @entity28221 :: (MESH:C537931,Disease) :: ['Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang']


abstract: Characterization of plant resistance genes is an important step in understanding plant defense mechanisms. @entity4278 @entity10327 lycopersici is the causal agent of a vascular wilt disease in @entity523 . Genes conferring resistance to plant @entity455 have yet to be described molecularly. Members of a new multigene family, complex I2C, were isolated by map-based cloning from the I2 F. o. lycopersici race 2 resistance locus. The genes show structural similarity to the group of recently isolated resistance genes that contain a @entity377 binding motif and @entity368 -rich repeats. Importantly, the presence of I2C antisense transgenes abrogated race 2 but not race 1 resistance in otherwise normal plants. Expression of the complete sense I2C-1 transgene conferred significant but partial resistance to F. o. lycopersici race 2. All members of the I2C gene family have been mapped genetically and are dispersed on three different chromosomes. Some of the I2C members cosegregate with other @entity523 resistance loci. Comparison within the @entity368 -rich repeat region of I2C gene family members shows that they differ from each other mainly by insertions or deletions.

title: The I2C family from the wilt disease resistance locus I2 belongs to the @entity377 binding, XXXX -rich repeat superfamily of plant resistance genes.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: To study the role of @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase ( @entity1995 ) activity during the process of metastasis, @entity1995 (+/-) @entity19 were subjected to an in vivo metastasis assay. The number of lung colonies of @entity5 cells intravenously injected in @entity1995 (+/-) @entity19 was markedly decreased compared with that in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . On the other hand, the time-dependent increase in @entity5 volume after subcutaneous @entity5 cells transplantation was comparable between @entity164 and @entity1995 (+/-) @entity19 . Platelets of @entity1995 (+/-) @entity19 were poorly bound to @entity5 cells in vitro and in vivo compared with those of @entity164 @entity19 . E- and P-selectin mRNAs were markedly induced in the lung after intravenous injection of @entity5 cells. However, the induction of these selectin mRNAs in @entity1995 (+/-) @entity19 was weaker than that in @entity164 @entity19 . Furthermore, the resting expression levels of @entity24780 in lung endothelial cells and P-selectin in platelets of @entity1995 (+/-) @entity19 were suppressed compared with those of @entity164 @entity19 . The number of @entity5 cells attached on lung endothelial cells of @entity1995 (+/-) @entity19 was significantly reduced compared with that of @entity164 @entity19 . The transmigrating activity of @entity5 cells through lung endothelial cells of @entity1995 (+/-) @entity19 was similar to that of @entity164 @entity19 . These results suggest that @entity1995 plays an important role in extravasation of @entity5 cells, possibly through regulating the formation of @entity1423 and their interaction with the endothelium involved in a step of hematogenous metastasis.

title: Involvement of @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung metastasis of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-platelet aggregates']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The @entity3449 -angiotensin system is activated in the developing kidney and is necessary for normal renal development, but is further activated by @entity1695 ( @entity1695 ). During nephrogenesis, there is a switch from a preponderance of angiotensin @entity1129 (2) to @entity1129 (1) receptors in the @entity35 . We examined the renal cellular response to angiotensin II receptor inhibition in the neonatal @entity35 subjected to partial @entity1695 under anesthesia within 48 h of birth. Group I ("early") received saline vehicle, @entity9886 ( @entity1129 (1) inhibitor), or @entity11083 ( @entity1129 (2) inhibitor) during the completion of nephrogenesis in the first 10 days of life. Group II ("late") received each of the three treatments throughout the subsequent 10 days of life. Kidneys were harvested at 21 days, and the distribution of @entity3449 , apoptosis, macrophages, @entity1918 , and collagen was determined. @entity9886 and @entity11083 each increased vascular @entity3449 distribution in both kidneys. Partial @entity1695 reduced growth and increased apoptosis, macrophages, @entity1918 , and collagen in the obstructed kidney. Early @entity9886 treatment further increased @entity1918 and collagen in the obstructed kidney and induced apoptosis, macrophages, and collagen in the contralateral kidney. Late @entity9886 treatment had no effect on any of the parameters in either kidney, and @entity11083 had no effect on either kidney. We conclude that selective inhibition of @entity1129 (1) receptors during nephrogenesis (but not during subsequent renal maturation) exacerbates @entity8 . These results suggest that angiotensin II receptor blockers should be avoided in the developing hydronephrotic kidney.

title: Angiotensin AT1-receptor inhibition exacerbates XXXX resulting from partial @entity1695 in the neonatal @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the obstructed kidney and also injures the contralateral kidney']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['UUO', 'unilateral ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injury']


abstract: Six @entity1 aged 1.5 to 4 years with type 13 @entity1145 underwent extracardiac bicavopulmonary repair. This corrective procedure comprises control of palliative aorto-pulmonary @entity254 , the construction of an @entity254 between the superior vena cava and right pulmonary artery and the interposition of an extracardiac tube of autologous pediculated pericardium between the inferior vena cava and the main pulmonary artery. This tube, fashioned from a rectangular flap, remains attached along its right border, conserving its vascular pedicle with the pericardium. Its diameter is calibrated to that of the inferior vena cava. The postoperative course was uncomplicated: all @entity1 survived. Assisted respiration was discontinued 24 to 36 hours after surgery, and the pleural drains withdrawn after 48 to 72 hours. The rhythm remained sinusal. Central venous pressure ranged from 8 to 12 mmHg. Peripheral arterial situation was over 95%. At follow-up at 3 to 15 months, the @entity1 were very active, reflecting good exercise capacity. Holter monitoring was normal. Saturation was 94 to 97%. Doppler echocardiography showed laminar blood flow. This technique insures @entity1211 without any prosthetic thrombogenic material. In addition, the pediculated pericardium conserves a potential for growth, justifying its use in small @entity1 . Long-term evaluation is essential but the initial results are encouraging and encourage perseverance with this method.

title: [Extracardiac pulmonary bypass in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['good venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

answer: @entity1145 :: (MESH:D018785,Disease) :: ['tricuspid atresia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) in @entity1714 by age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a stratified, multistage, probability cluster survey. @entity1 in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2010 and 2011 were included. A standardized protocol was used to interview every @entity1 and perform comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. @entity726 was diagnosed according to the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and sex, there was a positive correlation between @entity1538 prevalence and increasing myopic @entity2516 except in @entity1 with @entity3467 . Younger @entity1 with higher myopic @entity2516 had higher @entity1538 prevalence than older @entity1 with lower myopic @entity2516 . @entity1 with @entity1714 (OR 3.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.30-6.59) had significantly greater age- and sex-adjusted odd ratios (ORs) than did those with emmetropia who were younger than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity1538 develops earlier in @entity1 with @entity1714 than in others. There was a high prevalence of @entity1538 in @entity1 with @entity1714 , even in those 19-29 years of age. Therefore, @entity1538 screening should be performed earlier in @entity1 with @entity1714 than is suggested by traditional guidelines.

title: The Prevalence of XXXX by Age in @entity1714 : The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['Open-Angle Glaucoma']


abstract: We report a 53-year-old @entity1 with @entity191 who complained of transient worsening of motor symptoms after smoking a @entity286 cigarette. She had been a chronic smoker of one packet of cigarettes a day for over 20 years. We objectively assessed her motor performance including repetitive finger tapping (RFT) speed using 3D kinematic recordings, timed finger tapping test (TFT) and Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) III before and after the administration of @entity1239 , and with and without levodopa. @entity1239 was delivered by either smoking a cigarette or by intranasal @entity1239 spray. Without levodopa, acute deterioration in RFT speed was observed 10 min after both routes of @entity1239 administration. With levodopa, there was acute deterioration in RFT speed after smoking cigarette, followed by a delayed rebound improvement. However, the administration of @entity1239 spray led to immediate and sustained motor improvement without @entity1613 . UPDRS III and TFT showed similar trends of acute @entity1957 after either smoking or use of the spray without intake of levodopa. Transient motor worsening after smoking @entity286 has been previously reported in only one @entity1 with @entity191 . The objective findings of acute @entity1957 following both cigarette smoking and @entity1239 spray administration suggest that @entity1239 might be the cause of the negative motor effects in this @entity1 . Similar changes were not observed after the administration of placebo intranasal spray. At low dose or beginning of dose, @entity1239 induces sub-threshold stimulation of @entity935 release, which selectively activates the pre-synaptic D2 autoreceptors, leading to transient motor worsening. The potential mechanisms of the additive effect of levodopa and @entity1239 and paradoxical motor improvement after administration of high-dose @entity1239 via intranasal @entity1239 spray are also discussed.

title: Smoking-induced transient XXXX in a levodopa-treated @entity1 with @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial deterioration']

answer: @entity1957 :: (MESH:D019957,Disease) :: ['motor deterioration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5818 is the most common indication for shoulder operation. However, exercise therapy for the conservative treatment is recommended in the first instance. AIM: To evaluate the implementation of exercise therapy in @entity5818 . DESIGN: Retrospective study using structured postal questionnaire and data collected from hospital archive. METHODS: A total of 104 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone shoulder surgery due to @entity5818 . @entity1 were asked about therapy modalities that they had received before and after the operation as well as @entity2531 (ASES) at one-year follow-up. RESULTS: Before surgery 49% of @entity1 had not received advice for shoulder muscle exercises. After operation all @entity1 had received mobility exercises, but one quarter of @entity1 still reported that they had not received instructions about shoulder strength exercises. At the follow-up the means of the ASES index was 85 and use of NSAID had decreased by 75%. However, 15% of @entity1 had moderate functional impairment (ASES under 60). CONCLUSION: About half of @entity1 reported that they had not received advice for rotator cuff exercise therapy before surgery even though with it surgery would probably have been avoided in many cases. Although symptoms in most @entity1 had decreased after operation, several @entity1 still suffered from @entity158 and decreased function. Still several @entity1 had not received advice for shoulder strengthening exercises that are important to recovery. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The adherence to the current recommendations about exercise therapy is insufficient in clinical practice. Thus we recommend that it should be monitored in all institutions in which shoulder @entity158 is treated.

title: Exercise therapy is evidence-based treatment of XXXX . Current practice or recommendation only.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['Subacromial impingement syndrome', 'impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain (VAS) and functional impairment']

answer: @entity5818 :: (MESH:D019534,Disease) :: ['shoulder impingement syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity75 ( @entity75 ) is characterized by clinical symptoms that are associated with bilateral and symmetric vasogenic @entity4 in the parietal and occipital lobes. However, this is rarely present with predominant involvement of the brain stem and cerebellum (variant). PURPOSE: To evaluate which clinical or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can help to predict the prognosis of variant and classical type of @entity75 and whether or not there is difference between two types of @entity75 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated MRI and clinical findings from 49 @entity1 with @entity75 . These @entity1 were divided into two groups. In group I, @entity1 had atypical distribution of lesions. In group II, @entity1 had typical distribution of lesions. Follow-up MRI was performed on 26 @entity1 . We assessed the MRI features, clinical data, and the @entity1 ' outcomes. RESULTS: The mean blood pressure (BP) was significantly higher in group I (195.52/121.09 mmHg and 156.78/99.53 mmHg for groups I and II, respectively). The other factors assessed were not significantly different between the two groups. Lesions in 24 of 26 @entity1 reversed upon follow-up. Sequelae were observed in 11 @entity1 (group I, 7; group II, 4). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Except for those @entity1 who died, seven of the nine @entity1 with sequelae upon follow-up imaging had @entity548 or irreversibility of lesions. CONCLUSION: Even though BP influences the involvement of the brain stem, involvement of the brain stem is not influential on the prognosis. It seems that the influential factor to prognosis is the reversibility of lesions and @entity548 .

title: Can clinical and MRI findings predict the prognosis of variant and classical type of posterior reversible XXXX syndrome ( @entity75 )?

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PRES', 'Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our microRNA expression signature of @entity1358 revealed that miR-218 expression was significantly decreased in @entity5 tissues, suggesting that miR-218 is a candidate @entity5 suppressor. We investigated the functional significance of miR-218 in @entity5 cells and identified what are to our knowledge novel miR-218 mediated @entity5 pathways in @entity1358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gain of function studies using mature miR-218 were performed to investigate cell proliferation, migration and invasion in the @entity1 and @entity1 @entity1358 cell lines. To identify miR-218 mediated molecular pathways and responsible genes in @entity1358 , we used gene expression and in silico database analyses. Loss of function assays were performed to investigate the functional significance of miR-218 target genes. RESULTS: Restoration of mature miR-218 significantly inhibited @entity1358 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Gene expression studies and luciferase reporter assays showed that @entity30716 involved in the focal adhesion pathway was directly regulated by miR-218. A silencing study of @entity30716 revealed significant inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. @entity30716 mRNA and protein expression was significantly up-regulated in @entity1358 clinical specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of @entity5 suppressive miR-218 enhances @entity5 cell migration and invasion through dysregulation of the focal adhesion pathway, especially @entity30716 as an oncogenic function in @entity1358 . @entity5 suppressive microRNA mediated @entity5 pathways and responsible genes provide new insights into the potential mechanisms of @entity1358 oncogenesis and @entity3 .

title: MicroRNA-218 inhibits cell migration and invasion in XXXX through targeting @entity30716 involved in focal adhesion pathway.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transformational epidural @entity134 (TFES) is commonly used to treat @entity158 . However, very few studies have systematically evaluated the quality of @entity1337 following such procedures with respect to time. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term efficacy of TFES in @entity1 with @entity614 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study including 30 @entity1 having @entity614 secondary to @entity890 . Outcome variables were the amount of improvement just after the procedure and thereafter at 24 hrs, 1 month, 6 month and 1 year post-procedure, respectively, using visual analog scale (VAS) and numeric rating scale (NRS). @entity1 also filled Roland-Morris questionnaire pre-procedure, 6 month and 1 year follow-up. All @entity1 received @entity5018 for 3 days following the procedure, to alleviate post- procedural @entity158 . An option of rescue surgery was reserved in case of unbearable @entity158 (>7 VAS), appearance of @entity51 or if @entity1 opts for surgery. Same injection was repeated if at any point of time @entity158 had >5 in VAS. RESULTS: As per NRS, almost all @entity1 had complete @entity158 relief (mean 98%) immediate postprocedure. At 24 hrs, the score was 79%, at 1 month 60%, at 6 months 58.5% and at 1 year 59%. Preprocedure VAS was 9.2 and thereafter 0.6, 1.8, 3.9, 3.8 and 4.2 at similar time points. Roland-Morris score was 18/24, 10/24, 9/24, at pre-procedure, at 6 months and at 1 year, respectively. No complication was noted in any @entity1 except post procedural @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Quality of @entity158 relief produced by TFES was significant. Long-term quality of @entity158 relief was better in @entity1 with @entity158 duration less than 6 months. Even though, the study was designed to inject the drug once, many of the @entity1 required second injection. A further study with multiple injections at prefixed time interval might probably result in a better overall outcome.

title: The efficacy of transforaminal epidural XXXX injections in @entity614 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sudden motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral radicular pain', 'pain', 'local pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['prolapsed disc']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity706 have many morphologic forms and clinical features. Lymphoma presents rarely with a constellation of nodules, @entity3139 , and @entity2631 . The histopathologic similarities of @entity706 and connective tissue disease @entity3139 may create a diagnostic challenge. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the case of a 47-year-old @entity1 who presented 15 years earlier with recurrent fevers, @entity1295 , tender subcutaneous nodules, and facial, trunk, and extremity @entity3388 . RESULTS: Initial biopsy of a cutaneous nodule showed @entity3139 without atypical inflammatory cells. Serologic tests showed negative connective tissue serologies, yet the initial clinical impression was most consistent with @entity30338 . Initially, the @entity1 was treated with oral @entity229 ; later, @entity134 -sparing agents were used with modest improvement evidenced by resolution of his systemic symptoms and stabilization of the cutaneous findings. A decade later, more pronounced @entity2652 , new facial nodules, and posterior thigh @entity158 developed. Laboratory testing showed @entity1431 , elevated liver and muscle enzymes, @entity2298 , and a low level of high-density lipoprotein. Biopsy of a new chin nodule indicated @entity3191 , whereas an evaluation for systemic malignant involvement was negative. The @entity1 was started on chemotherapy, which resulted in stabilization of the @entity3388 and decreasing size and frequency of the cutaneous nodules, but the posterior thigh @entity158 persisted. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of @entity706 presenting as nodules and profound @entity3388 , which exemplifies the complexity of @entity706 . Profound @entity3388 and @entity3139 may be an unusual and diagnostically challenging presentation of @entity706 .

title: @entity3191 presenting as XXXX and nodules.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'cutaneous lymphoma', 'Cutaneous lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity30338 :: ('MESH:D015435', 'Disease') :: ['lupus panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['localized lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3388 :: ('MESH:C535905', 'Disease') :: ['lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis', 'lymphohistiocytic panniculitis']

answer: @entity3388 :: (MESH:C535905,Disease) :: ['lipoatrophy']


abstract: AIM: Studies investigating the functional outcome after restorative surgery for @entity5 have mainly focused on the effect of different surgical techniques on bowel habit or sexual activity at a single time-point. The aim of this study was to assess, longitudinally, the effect of @entity5 treatment on bowel function, quality of life and sexual activity. METHOD: The study parameters were assessed using self-administered questionnaires, including the Short Form 36 (SF-36), repeatedly, over a 5-year period. @entity1 details were obtained from the Cleveland Clinic prospective database. RESULTS: There were 260 (186 male) @entity1 . The mean ages of male and female @entity1 at the time of surgery were 60.5 and 57.5 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in comorbidity or stage between the groups. @entity1 had a better overall survival. More @entity1 than @entity1 had postoperative radiation and perioperative blood transfusions. @entity1 had a higher percentage of hand-sewn anastomoses (23.9%vs 10.8%, P = 0.018), but there was no overall difference in the mean level of @entity254 (2.3 cm vs 1.9 cm, P = 0.38). @entity1 had worse nocturnal bowel function, more @entity322 and a poorer mental component score on the SF-36. Pad use increased over time to a greater degree in @entity1 . Sexual activity, which was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 at baseline, had fallen at 5 years in both genders. CONCLUSION: After restorative resection for @entity5 , bowel function is worse in @entity1 than in @entity1 , especially night evacuation at 3 and 5 years postoperatively. Sexual function in both genders declines sharply initially within 1 year postoperatively and more gradually over 5 years.

title: Gender differences in mortality, quality of life and function after restorative procedures for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Palliative care is a policy priority internationally. In England, policymakers are seeking to develop high quality care for all by focusing on reducing the number of @entity1 who die in acute hospitals. It is argued that reducing 'inappropriate' hospital admissions will lead to an improvement in the quality of care and provide cost savings.Yet what is meant by an 'inappropriate' admission is unclear and is unlikely to be shared by all stakeholders. The decision process that leads to hospital admission is often challenging, particularly when @entity1 are frail and elderly. The @entity1289 study reopens the idea of 'inappropriate' hospital admissions close to the end of life. We will explore how decisions that result in inpatient admissions close to @entity204 are made and valued from the perspective of the decision-maker, and will consider the implications of these findings for current policy and practice. DESIGN/METHODS: The study focuses on the admission of @entity1 with advanced @entity303 , @entity764 or @entity5 who die within 72 hours of admission to acute hospitals. The study uses mixed methods with three data collection phases. Phase one involves @entity1 case studies of admissions with interviews with clinicians involved in the admission and next-of-kin. Phase two uses vignette-based focus groups with clinical professionals and @entity1 living with the conditions of interest. Phase three uses questionnaires distributed to clinical stakeholders. Qualitative data will be explored using framework analysis whilst the questionnaire data will be examined using descriptive statistical analysis. Findings will be used to evaluate current policy and literature. DISCUSSION: Significant ethical and validity issues arise due to the retrospective nature of phase one of the study. We are not able to gain consent from @entity1 who have died, and the views of the deceased @entity1 cannot be included directly, which risks privileging professional views. This phase also relies on the memories of the @entity1 which may be unreliable. Later phases of the study attempt to compensate for the "absent voices" of the deceased @entity1 by including next-of-kin and @entity1 focus groups.

title: Understanding hospital admissions close to the end of life ( XXXX ) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest disease']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: CONTEXT: Reduction of 50% excess body weight, using a very low-calorie diet (VLCD; 450 kcal/d) improves insulin sensitivity in @entity6 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether adding exercise to the VLCD has additional benefits. DESIGN: This was a randomized intervention study. SETTING: The study was conducted at a clinical research center in an academic medical center. SUBJECTS: Twenty-seven @entity28 [body mass index 37.2    0.9 kg/m(2) (mean    sem)] insulin-treated @entity6 @entity1 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 followed a 16-wk VLCD. Thirteen of them simultaneously participated in an exercise program (E) consisting of 1-h, in-hospital training and four 30-min training sessions on a cycloergometer weekly. OUTCOME MEASURES: Insulin resistance was measured by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Insulin signaling, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, and intramyocellular lipid content was measured in skeletal muscle biopsies. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were identical in both groups. Substantial weight loss occurred (-23.7    1.7 kg VLCD-only vs. -27.2    1.9 kg VLCD+E, P = NS within groups). The exercise group lost more fat mass. Insulin-stimulated @entity413 disposal increased similarly in both study groups [15.0    0.9 to 39.2    4.7  mol/ @entity1009 )    kg lean body mass (LBM(-1)) VLCD-only vs. 17.0    1.0 to 37.5    3.5  mol/ @entity1009 )    kg LBM(-1) in VLCD+E], as did phosphorylation of the @entity4357 3-kinase-protein kinase B/ @entity584 insulin signaling pathway. In contrast, skeletal muscle mtDNA content increased only in the VLCD+E group (1211    185 to 2288    358, arbitrary units, P = 0.016 vs. 1397    240 to 1196    179, P = NS, VLCD-only group). Maximum aerobic capacity also only increased significantly in the VLCD+E group (+6.6    1.7 ml/ @entity1009 )    kg LBM(-1) vs. +0.7    1.5 ml/ @entity1009 )    kg LBM(-1) VLCD-only, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Addition of exercise to a 16-wk VLCD induces more fat loss. Exercise augments maximum aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle mtDNA content. These changes are, however, not reflected in a higher insulin-stimulated @entity413 disposal rate.

title: Effects of adding exercise to a 16-week very low-calorie diet in @entity28 , insulin-dependent XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'obese type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: 1. Anaesthetized, open-chest @entity235 were subjected to 60 min of left circumflex @entity1563 followed by 90 min of reperfusion. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxant responses of the isolated coronary arterial rings were then investigated. 2. The endothelium-dependent, @entity934 -induced relaxation of ischaemic/reperfused arterial rings was significantly attenuated in comparison to control rings (1.9 fold rightward shift, ischaemic/reperfused maximum relaxation = 57 +/- 13% of control maximum relaxation; P less than 0.05). In contrast, @entity1242 produced similar relaxant responses in control and ischaemic rings. 3. Pretreatment of @entity235 with either @entity3591 (3 micrograms kg-1 min-1, i.v.) or @entity1169 (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) completely prevented the @entity73 of endothelium-dependent relaxant responses (100 +/- 3% and 90 +/- 5% of control maximum relaxation, respectively). 4. @entity208 pretreatment (25 mg kg-1, p.o. 24 h previously, plus 50 mg kg-1 i.v. 5 min before @entity432 ) partially protected against @entity409 by preventing the ischaemia-induced rightward shift of the @entity934 relaxation curve and increasing the maximum relaxation response (83 +/- 7% of control rings). 5. These results confirm that endothelium-dependent coronary vascular relaxation is impaired by ischaemia and reperfusion, and that the ischaemia-induced impairment is reduced by pretreatment with @entity3591 , @entity1169 or @entity208 .

title: Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of @entity235 coronary arteries after myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion: prevention by @entity3591 , @entity1169 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['postischaemic impairment']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) is one of the traditional technologies for treating organic solid wastes, but its economic benefit is sometimes questioned. To increase the economic feasibility of the treatment process, the aim of this study was to recover not only biogas from food waste but @entity880 ( @entity3196 ) as well. At first, @entity3196 fermentation of food waste (FW) was conducted using an indigenous mixed culture. During the operation, temperature was gradually increased from 35    C to 55    C, with the highest performance attained at 50    C. At 50    C and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.0  d, @entity3196 concentration in the broth was 40  kg @entity3196 /m(3), corresponding to a yield of 1.6  mol @entity3196 /mol hexoseadded. Pyrosequencing results showed that Lactobacillus (97.6% of the total number of sequences) was the predominant species performing @entity3196 fermentation of FW. The fermented broth was then centrifuged and @entity3196 was extracted from the supernatant by the combined process of nanofiltration and water-splitting electrodialysis. The process could recover highly purified @entity3196 by removing 85% of mineral ions such as @entity4024 , @entity3529 , @entity1025 , and @entity141 and 90% of residual @entity3363 . Meanwhile, the solid residue remained after centrifugation was further fermented to biogas by @entity1625 . At HRT 40  d (organic loading rate of 7  kg COD/m(3)/d), the highest volumetric biogas production rate of 3.5  m(3)/m(3)/d was achieved with a @entity578 yield of 0.25  m(3) @entity578 /kg COD. The mass flow showed that 47  kg of @entity3196 and 54  m(3) of biogas could be recovered by the developed process from 1 ton of FW with COD removal efficiency of 70%. These products have a higher economic value 60 USD/ton FW compared to that of conventional @entity1625 (27 USD/ton FW).

title: More value from food waste: XXXX and biogas recovery.

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Anaerobic digestion']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['Lactic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent studies have shown that @entity3513 ( @entity3513 ) stem/progenitor cells within blood vessel walls may contribute to @entity8233 formation, but the mechanism behind their recruitment has not been explored. In this work @entity3513 progenitor cells were cultivated from @entity19 vein graft tissue and found to exhibit increased migration when co-cultured with SMCs or when treated with SMC-derived conditioned medium. This migration was associated with elevated levels of chemokines, @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) and @entity15891 ( @entity15891 ), and their corresponding receptors on @entity3513 progenitors, @entity13766 ( @entity13766 ) and @entity18510 ( @entity18510 ), which were also up-regulated following SMC conditioned medium treatment. Knockdown of either receptor in @entity3513 progenitors significantly inhibited cell migration. The GTPases @entity11120 and @entity5844 were activated by both @entity1750 and @entity15891 stimulation and @entity1995 phosphorylation was increased. However, only @entity5844 inhibition significantly reduced migration and @entity1995 phosphorylation. After @entity3513 (+) progenitors labeled with GFP were applied to the adventitial side of wire-injured @entity19 femoral arteries, a large proportion of GFP- @entity3513 -cells were observed in neointimal lesions, and a marked increase in neointimal lesion formation was seen 1 week post-operation. Interestingly, @entity3513 (+) progenitor migration from the adventitia to the @entity8233 was abrogated and @entity8233 formation diminished in a @entity130 model using @entity1750 (-/-) @entity19 . These findings suggest vascular stem/progenitor cell migration from the adventitia to the @entity8233 can be induced by SMC release of chemokines which act via @entity13766 / @entity5844 / @entity1995 and @entity18510 / @entity5844 / @entity1995 signaling pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cell Migration Induced by SMC-derived @entity1750 and XXXX Contributes to Neointima Formation.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wire injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity15891 :: (14825(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CXCL1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent genome-wide association studies have identified @entity20400 ( @entity1167 ) as a susceptibility gene for @entity162 and @entity161 . The minor allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) @entity41121 in @entity20400 was associated with @entity162 . Both diseases, @entity162 and @entity161 are linked to functional alterations of the reward system. We aimed at investigating possible effects of the @entity20400 @entity41121 risk allele on reward systems functioning in healthy adults. A large homogenous sample of 224 young (aged 18 to 31 years) @entity1 was genotyped and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All @entity1 performed the 'Desire-Reason Dilemma' paradigm investigating the neural correlates that underlie reward processing and active reward dismissal in favor of a long-term goal. We found significant hypoactivations of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the bilateral striatum and bilateral frontal and parietal cortices in response to conditioned reward stimuli in the risk allele carriers compared to major allele carriers. In the dilemma situation, functional connectivity between prefrontal brain regions and the ventral striatum was significantly diminished in the risk allele carriers. Healthy risk allele carriers show a significant deficit of their bottom-up response to conditioned reward stimuli in the bilateral VTA and striatum. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and prefrontal areas exerting top-down control on the mesolimbic reward system was reduced in this group. Similar alterations in reward processing and disturbances of prefrontal control mechanisms on mesolimbic brain circuits have also been reported in @entity162 and @entity161 . Together, these findings suggest the existence of an intermediate phenotype associated with @entity20400 .Neuropsychopharmacology accepted article preview online, 13 May 2016. doi:10.1038/npp.2016.70.

title: Investigating the Impact of a Genome-Wide Supported Bipolar Risk Variant of @entity20400 on the XXXX Reward System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic arrest deficient-like 1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Improving @entity5 delivery of lipophilic drugs through identifying advanced drug carrier systems with efficient carrier potency is of high importance. We have performed an investigative approach to identify parameters that affect liposomes' ability to effectively deliver lipophilic @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ) to target cells. @entity1191 is a potent anticancer drug, but its undesired physiological properties are impairing its therapeutic use. In this study, we have identified parameters influencing incorporation and retention of lipophilic @entity1191 in liposomes, evaluating the effect of lipid composition, lipid chemical structure (head and tail group variations, polymer inclusion), zeta potential and anisotropy. @entity968 ( @entity970 ) surface decoration was included to avoid liposome fusing and increase the potential for prolonged in vivo circulation time. The in vitro effect of the different carrier formulations on cell @entity137 was compared and the effect of active targeting of one of the formulations was evaluated. We found that a combination of liposome surface charge, lipid headgroup and @entity505 chain unsaturation affect @entity1191 incorporation. Retention in liposomes was highly dependent on the liposomal surroundings and liposome zeta potential. Inclusion of lipid tethered @entity970 provided stability and prevented liposome fusing. PEGylation negatively affected @entity1191 incorporation while improving retention. In vitro cell culture testing demonstrated that all formulations increased @entity1191 potency compared to free @entity1191 , while cationic formulations proved significantly more toxic to @entity5 cells that healthy cells. Finally, antibody mediated targeting of one liposome formulation further enhanced the selectivity towards targeted @entity5 cells, rendering normal cells fully viable after 1 hour exposure to targeted liposomes.

title: Investigation of parameters influencing incorporation, retention and cellular XXXX in liposomal formulations of poorly soluble @entity9800 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: @entity38574 augmentation with hyaluronic acid fillers is established. As monophasic polydensified hyaluronic acid products with variable density, CPM-HAL1 (Belotero Balance @entity3303 , Merz Aesthetics, Raleigh, NC) and CPM-HAL2 (Belotero Intense @entity3303 , Merz Aesthetics, Raleigh, NC) are qualified for beautification and particularly natural-looking rejuvenation, respectively. The aim of this article was to assess the handling and outcome of @entity38574 augmentation using the @entity3303 -containing hyaluronic acid fillers, CPM-HAL1 and CPM-HAL2. Data were documented from @entity1 who received @entity38574 augmentation by means of beautification and/or rejuvenation using CPM-HAL1 and/or CPM-HAL2. Observation period was 4 months, with assessment of natural outcome, evenness, distribution, fluidity, handling, malleability, tolerability, as well as @entity1 satisfaction and @entity158 . A total of 146 @entity1 from 21 German centers participated. Physicians rated natural outcome and evenness as good or very good for more than 95% of @entity1 . Distribution, fluidity, handling, and malleability were assessed for both fillers as good or very good in more than 91% of @entity1 . At every evaluation point, more than 93% of @entity1 were very or very much satisfied with the product. A total of 125 @entity1 (85.6%) experienced transient injection-related side effects. @entity158 intensity during the procedure was mild (2.72        1.72 on the 0-10 @entity158 assessment scale) and abated markedly within 30 minutes (0.42        0.57). @entity38574 augmentation with @entity4023 fillers produced a long-term cosmetic result. Due to the @entity3303 content, procedural @entity158 was low and transient. Accordingly, a high degree of @entity1 satisfaction was achieved that was maintained throughout the observation period.

title: Hyaluron Filler Containing XXXX on a CPM Basis for @entity38574 Augmentation: Reports from Practical Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['Lidocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is still a matter of debate whether exercise training (ET) is a beneficial treatment in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: To determine whether long-term moderate ET improves functional capacity and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity712 and whether these effects translate into a favorable outcome, 110 @entity1 with stable @entity712 were initially recruited, and 99 (59+/-14 years of age; 88 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ) were randomized into 2 groups. One group (group T, n=50) underwent ET at 60% of peak _f1;O2, initially 3 times a week for 8 weeks, then twice a week for 1 year. Another group (group NT, n=49) did not exercise. At baseline and at months 2 and 14, all @entity1 underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test, while 74 @entity1 (37 in group T and 37 in group NT) with @entity741 underwent @entity296 . Quality of life was assessed by questionnaire. Ninety-four @entity1 completed the protocol (48 in group T and 46 in group NT). Changes were observed only in @entity1 in group T. Both peak _f1;O2 and @entity4214 activity score improved at 2 months (18% and 24%, respectively; P<0. 001 for both) and did not change further after 1 year. Quality of life also improved and paralleled peak VO2. Exercise training was associated both with lower mortality (n=9 versus n=20 for those with training versus those without; relative risk (RR)=0.37; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.84; P=0.01) and hospital readmission for @entity712 (5 versus 14; RR=0.29; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.88; P=0.02). Independent predictors of events were ventilatory threshold at baseline (beta-coefficient=0.378) and posttraining thallium activity score (beta-coefficient -0.165). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term moderate ET determines a sustained improvement in functional capacity and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity712 . This benefit seems to translate into a favorable outcome.

title: Randomized, controlled trial of long-term moderate exercise training in XXXX : effects on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: In @entity19 models, transgenic chemokine-cytokine @entity5 vaccines overcome many of the limitations of single-agent immunotherapy by producing the sequence of T-cell attraction followed by proliferation of @entity5 antigen-activated clones. The safety and immunologic effects of this approach in @entity1 were tested in 7 @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity521 . They each received up to 8 subcutaneous injections of a vaccine combining lymphotactin--and @entity1199 ( @entity1199 )--secreting autologous @entity521 cells in a dose-escalating scheme. Adverse events were limited to grade 1 or 2 localized reactions in all @entity1 , @entity158 in 3 @entity1 , and fever in 3 @entity1 . Injection site biopsies revealed increased cellularity caused by infiltration of @entity404 and @entity405 lymphocytes, eosinophils, and dendritic cells with a decrease in dendritic cells from the first to the second vaccination. Systemically, vaccine was associated with @entity5 recognition as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays. Two @entity1 had interferon-gamma predominant responses and 3 had @entity225 predominant responses. Only 1 @entity1 received all 8 injections, 1 @entity1 stopped the study early, and all other @entity1 progressed before completion of the study. Hence, autologous @entity5 cell vaccines combining transgenic lymphotactin with @entity1199 seem to have @entity137 in @entity1 and can induce an antitumor immune response. In this setting, the immune response was insufficient to overcome @entity3457 .

title: Phase I trial of vaccination with autologous @entity5 cells genetically modified to secrete XXXX and lymphotactin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['little toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'increased tumor']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active recurrent neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following operative treatment of nonunited rotational distal fibula and medial @entity1171 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 were identified as having a nonunion of a @entity717 . All @entity1 were evaluated clinically, radiographically, and functionally with the Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire. They were divided into lateral and medial malleolus groups and compared with 44 @entity1 following a nonoperative ( @entity11632 ) @entity1171 and 25 @entity1 who underwent operative fixation of their SE4 @entity1171 for functional comparison. RESULTS: Two of the 17 @entity1 were excluded. The @entity1 in the medial malleolar group were notably older than those in the other groups. Nonunions included 12 distal fibulas and 3 medial malleoli. All @entity1 were treated with open reduction with plate and screw fixation or screw fixation alone. Adjunctive grafting was performed in all but 2 cases. The average time to healing was 5.2 months post surgery. At latest follow-up, mean 33.9 months, all nonunions had resolved. Standardized SMFA scores differed notably among the groups in the Bothersome, Emotional, and Mobility categories. There was no difference between lateral malleolar nonunion @entity1 and surgically treated SE4 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Reports of nonunions of fractures of lateral and medial malleoli have been rarely reported. Operative treatment of these nonunions in this study led to reliable @entity2721 . @entity1 who underwent surgery for these nonunions ultimately had similar outcomes and range of motion compared with @entity1 who underwent operative treatment for @entity1171 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative series.

title: Operative treatment of nonunion following distal fibula and medial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture', 'malleolar ankle fractures', 'acute ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bony healing']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational ankle fracture']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['malleolar ankle fractures']


abstract: So far, there has been a tendency towards a uniform concept of the role and kinetics of @entity310 and other cytokines in @entity326 . However, our comparison of data from different groups of @entity1457 @entity1 clearly demonstrates marked differences. On the one hand, the cytokine pattern in experimental @entity326 and @entity7135 has similarities which include early burst releases of @entity310 and @entity650 . On the other hand, intensive care unit @entity1 which includes @entity1 with @entity1230 , surgery, burns and other underlying diseases have a completely different pattern of appearance of @entity310 and @entity650 in the circulation. We have not been able to detect bioactive @entity310 in the circulation of these @entity1 , whereas others have measured elevated levels of immunoreactive @entity310 . Bioactive @entity650 can be detected in serum; however, the levels are often fluctuating and there is no common pattern of appearance. These differences probably reflect differences in the release of endotoxin and the immunological status of the @entity1 . @entity310 inhibitors and soluble @entity310 receptors probably play an important role. Experimental models for @entity326 most commonly use administration of live bacteria or endotoxin to anesthesized healthy animals. This appears to be a good model for @entity7135 , but not for intensive care unit @entity1 .

title: Different role of cytokine mediators in XXXX related to @entity7135 and surgery/ @entity1230 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: The use of CyberKnife (CK) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the @entity149 has not been previously reported. To evaluate outcomes of primary, recurrent, and metastatic @entity1297 and spine treated with CK SRS, a retrospective observational study of 16 @entity1 treated between 1996 and 2011 with CK SRS was performed using an IRB-approved database at Stanford University Medical Center. Twenty lesions (12 cranial, 8 spinal) across six males and ten females were analyzed. The median age at SRS was 51 years and median follow-up was 33 months. Median @entity5 volume was 11.0 cm   and median marginal dosages were 22, 24, 26, 27, and 30 Gy for one to five fractionations, respectively. Overall Kaplan-Meier survival rates were 88, 88, 80, and 66 % at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after initial presentation. Survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years after CK were 81, 67, and 55 %, respectively. @entity5 control was 41    13 % at 60 months. At 36 months follow-up, @entity5 control was 80 % in primary lesions, 50 % in recurrent lesions, and 0.0 % in metastatic disease (p = 0.07). Tumor control was 58 % in @entity129 and 38 % in spinal lesions. @entity1161 was reported in one @entity1 . CK SRS appears to be a safe adjuvant therapy and offers moderate control for primary @entity129 . There appears to be a clinically, albeit not statistically, significant trend towards poorer outcomes in similarly treated metastatic, recurrent, and @entity511 (p = 0.07). Lesions not candidates for single fraction SRS may be treated with hypofractionated SRS without increased risk for radiation @entity39 .

title: CyberKnife radiosurgery for the management of skull base and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial lesions', 'cranial chondrosarcoma lesions']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['spinal chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Actuarial tumor']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['management of central nervous system chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas of the skull base']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['spinal chondrosarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The effects of inflammatory and degenerative @entity625 on @entity923 ( @entity923 ) are not well known. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity571 ( @entity571 ) increase the risk of @entity923 . METHOD: Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate until January 2015. Twenty-three (five cohort, 10 case control, and eight cross sectional) studies qualified for the meta-analyses. A random-effects meta-analysis was used and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. RESULTS: Both @entity309 and @entity571 were associated with @entity923 . Pooled unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.75, I(2)  =  55.2%, nine studies, n  =  10  688] for @entity625 (either inflammatory or degenerative), 2.91 (95% CI 2.33-3.62, I(2)  =  22.3%, 11 studies, n  =  74  730) for @entity309 , and 2.13 (95% CI 1.65-2.76, I(2)  =  39.2%, five studies, n  =  20  574) for @entity571 of any joint. Pooled confounder-adjusted ORs were 1.96 (95% CI 1.21-3.18, I(2)  =  73.1%, six studies, n  =  11  542) for @entity625 , 1.96 (95% CI 1.57-2.44, I(2)  =  32.2%, eight studies, n  =  72  212) for @entity309 , and 1.87 (95% CI 1.64-2.13, I(2)  =  0%, two studies, n  =  19  480) for @entity571 . There was no evidence of publication bias, and excluding cross-sectional studies or studies appraised as having a high risk of selection bias did not change the magnitude of the associations. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that both @entity309 and @entity571 increase the risk of @entity923 . Further prospective studies on the effect of wrist @entity571 on @entity923 are needed.

title: @entity625 as a risk factor for XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity981 ( @entity981 ) is the most common @entity5 in children. Antineoplastic treatment alone or with coexisting chronic @entity99 may permanently impair liver function. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of @entity981 on the pharmacokinetics of @entity3303 and its metabolite @entity17542 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We enrolled 17 @entity1 and young adults with @entity981 in remission. Mean remission time was 61 +/- 30 months. Eleven @entity1 were also infected with chronic @entity1956 . The control group comprised 12 healthy @entity1 . @entity3303 and @entity17542 pharmacokinetics were studied after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg @entity3303 . Serum samples were obtained at 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min. from drug administration and were processed for separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test. RESULTS: Elevated serum concentrations of @entity17542 30 min. after @entity3303 administration were observed in @entity1 with @entity981 and @entity99 . The remaining pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity3303 and @entity17542 did not differ significantly between groups. Our results suggest that pharmacokinetics of @entity3303 and @entity17542 remain essentialy unaltered in @entity981 with coexisting chronic @entity99 .

title: Assessment of liver function in XXXX with @entity981 in remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL', 'ALL and chronic viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis type B and/or type C']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 , not responsive to opioid analgesics, remains a problem for @entity1 with chronic and @entity5 as well as their families, and clinicians. Opioid antagonists have various uses in @entity158 and palliative care. Their use in the reversal of tolerance and @entity1931 remains at the basic science level and has limited clinical exposure. OBJECTIVE: To improve symptom control and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity158 not responsive to opioid analgesics. DESIGN: Present three cases in which @entity1 have undergone administration of opioid antagonists for the purpose of @entity1337 . METHODS: @entity1 on opioids analgesics received parenteral opioid antagonist, @entity1510 . Complete withdrawal under a sedative or conscious sedation was allowed and then the opioid at smaller doses was restarted and @entity1337 was observed. RESULTS: All @entity1 had improved @entity1337 on a significantly lower dose of opioid analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: Only three @entity1 who have received this procedure were presented yet all have responded positively to this procedure. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism and clinical relevance in the acute use of opioid antagonists.

title: Enhanced XXXX with opioid antagonist administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue sampling for @entity253 is important for differential diagnosis and further treatment. This study aims to assess the differences of transpapillary biliary biopsy for @entity5 between @entity201 and @entity788 . METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2013, we retrospectively studied 79 @entity1 who suffered from @entity253 and received transpapillary forceps biopsy after sphincterotomy for tissue sampling. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) of forceps biopsy were calculated in all cases for both @entity201 and @entity788 @entity1 . Possible factors that distinguish malignant strictures from benign strictures and which could affect the accuracy of tissue sampling were analyzed. RESULTS: There are 65 malignant and 14 benign @entity253 @entity1 enrolled. The malignant group has a significantly higher serum @entity648 level than the benign group, but age, clinical presentation, level of serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ), @entity1735 antigen (CA) 19-9, and alkaline phosphatase are not. The sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV of forceps biopsy for @entity253 are 53.85, 100, 100, and 31.82%, respectively. The @entity201 group has a higher sensitivity (73.53 versus 29.17%, p   <   0.001), older age, lower CA 19-9 level, and more common hepatic duct strictures than the pancreatic group. The age, serum @entity787 , CA 19-9 and the alkaline phosphatase level, serum @entity648 level >10 mg/dL, tissue sampling    3 are not significant factors affecting diagnostic accuracy in forceps biopsy for @entity850 . There is neither major @entity548 nor perforation in our study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity36468 of @entity253 after sphincterotomy for tissue sampling is safe and a significantly higher sensitive method in @entity201 but not in @entity788 .

title: Transpapillary biliary biopsy for XXXX : comparison between @entity201 and @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity36468 :: ('MESH:C536385', 'Disease') :: ['Transpapillary forceps biopsy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures', 'biliary stricture']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant biliary strictures']


abstract: Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is the major cause of drug-drug interactions (DDI). We have previously reported that the genetic variation of @entity5322 significantly affected the inhibitory profiles of typical competitive inhibitors. In addition to competitive inhibition, some clinically significant DDI are attributable to mechanism-based inhibition (MBI). However, the differences in the MBI kinetics among @entity5322 genetic variants remain to be characterized. In this study, we quantitatively investigated the inhibition kinetics of MBI inhibitors, @entity2929 and @entity4581 , on the @entity5322 variants @entity5322 .1, 4.2, 4.7, 4.16, and 4.18. The activity of @entity5322 was assessed using @entity251 6b-hydroxylation with recombinant @entity5322 . Both @entity2929 and @entity4581 decreased the activity of @entity5322 in a time-dependent manner. The maximum inactivation rate constants, k(inact,max), of @entity2929 for @entity5322 .2 and @entity5322 .7 were 0.5-fold that for @entity5322 .1, while that for @entity5322 .16 and @entity5322 .18 were similar to that for @entity5322 .1. The K(I) values of @entity2929 for @entity5322 .2, 4.7, 4.16, and 4.18 were 1.2-, 0.4-, 2.2- and 0.72-fold those of @entity5322 .1, respectively. Similar results were obtained for @entity4581 . In conclusion, the inhibitory profiles of MBI inhibitors, as well as competitive inhibitors, may possibly differ among @entity5322 variants. This difference may contribute to interindividual differences in the extent of DDI based on MBI.

title: Mechanism-based inhibition profiles of XXXX and @entity4581 with cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants.

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity2929 :: (MESH:D004917,Chemical) :: ['erythromycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The roadmap concept suggests the use of on-treatment @entity97 DNA to guide treatment strategy of chronic @entity1956 @entity1 treated by @entity14278 . Our aim was to validate the roadmap approach of @entity17705 switch therapy in @entity1 with incomplete response to @entity14278 . METHODS: Consecutive chronic @entity1956 @entity1 on @entity14278 monotherapy were studied. Incomplete virological response was defined as detectable @entity97 DNA after 6-12 months of treatment. Maintained virological response was defined as undetectable @entity97 DNA until the last follow-up. RESULTS: Among the 79 @entity1 on @entity14278 , 39 (49%) had undetectable @entity97 DNA after 6-12 months of @entity14278 treatment and 40 (51%) had incomplete virological response. In total, 33 incomplete responders switched to @entity17705 at 11 months (6-23), and 26 (79%) achieved maintained virological response after 25 months (4-46). Low @entity97 DNA level before switch therapy was the independent factor associated with maintained virological response to @entity17705 (P=0.01). A total of 24 of 25 (96%) @entity1 with @entity97 DNA<2,000 IU/ml, versus 2 of 8 (25%) @entity1 with @entity97 DNA>= 2,000 IU/ml, had maintained virological response after switching to @entity17705 . Although rtM204I and/or rt @entity29900 was detected in 3 of 7 @entity1 with incomplete virological response to @entity17705 , none of the @entity1 with @entity97 DNA<2,000 IU/ml during @entity14278 treatment harboured these @entity535 substitutions. CONCLUSIONS: Roadmap approach using @entity17705 switch at month 6-12 among incomplete responders to @entity14278 is recommended if the @entity97 DNA is <2,000 IU/ml at the time of switching.

title: Efficacy of XXXX switch therapy in chronic @entity1956 @entity1 with incomplete virological response to @entity14278 .

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity14278 :: ('MESH:C487779', 'Chemical') :: ['telbivudine']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

answer: @entity17705 :: (MESH:C413685,Chemical) :: ['entecavir']


abstract: Autophagy plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis through the degradation and recycling of organelles such as mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are closely related to the pathogenesis of @entity6 . In pancreatic b-cells producing insulin, autophagy helps maintain b-cell mass, structure and function. In @entity19 with b-cell-specific deletion of @entity30527 ( @entity30527 ), a critical autophagy gene, reduction of b-cell mass and pancreatic insulin content were observed together with @entity73 . Because of such structural and functional defects, b-cell-specific @entity30527 -null @entity19 showed hypoinsulinemia and @entity4854 . However, those @entity19 never developed @entity6 . @entity28 and lipids are physiological ER stressors that can precipitate b-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Recent studies showed that b-cell-specific @entity30527 -null @entity19 , when bred with ob/ob @entity19 , developed severe @entity6 , suggesting that autophagy-deficient b-cells can handle basal metabolic stress but have problems dealing with increased metabolic stress. Thus, autophagy deficiency in b-cells could be a factor in the progression from @entity28 to @entity6 due to an inappropriate response to @entity28 -induced ER stress. Autophagy also appears to play a role in the hypothalamic control of energy expenditure, appetite and body weight. Thus, autophagy is important to body and nutrient metabolism in many ways, and its dysregulation could contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity209 and @entity6 .

title: Role of autophagy in the progression from XXXX to @entity6 and in the control of energy balance.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired insulin secretory function']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of contemporaneously acquired clinical data supplemented by experimental cadaver dissection. OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence and mechanism of @entity3746 after anterior cervical spine surgery and to determine whether controlling for endotracheal tube (ET)-laryngeal wall interactions induced by the cervical retraction system could decrease the rate of @entity912 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Vocal @entity912 is the most common otolaryngologic complication after anterior cervical spine surgery. However, the quoted frequency of this varies considerably, and the cause of the injury is not clearly defined. As a result, various, and at times contradictory, recommendations to prevent this are presented without data to support their effectiveness. METHODS: Data gathered at the time of surgery and during follow-up visits on 900 consecutive @entity1 who underwent anterior cervical spine surgery with plating during a 12-year interval were entered into a computerized database and reviewed for complications and procedural risk factors. After the first 250 cases an intervention consisting of monitoring ET cuff pressure and release of pressure after retractor replacement or repositioning was used, which allowed the ET to recenter within the larynx. The ET-laryngeal wall relation also was studied in fresh intubated cadavers using videofluoroscopic images, before and after retractor placement. RESULTS: Thirty incidences of @entity3746 consistent with recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury were identified: 27 temporary and 3 permanent. The rate of temporary @entity912 decreased from 6.4% to 1.69% (P = 0.0002) after institution of the described maneuver. The findings confirmed that the retractor displaced the larynx against the shaft of the ET, allowing impingement on the vulnerable intralaryngeal segment of the RLN. CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of @entity3746 after anterior cervical spine surgery is compression of the RLN within the endolarynx. Monitoring of ET cuff pressure and release after retractor placement may prevent @entity11923 during anterior cervical spine surgery.

title: On the incidence, cause, and prevention of recurrent XXXX during anterior cervical spine surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

entities_list: @entity11923 :: ('MESH:D061226', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the RLN']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis', 'cord paralysis']

answer: @entity3746 :: (MESH:D014826,Disease) :: ['laryngeal nerve palsies']