abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated brain tissue @entity26 pressure ( @entity4095 ), @entity544 pressure (PCO2), and pH during regional @entity63 produced by temporary brain @entity432 . METHODS: This 45-year-old @entity1 with @entity432 was scheduled for right superficial temporal artery (STA) to @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) bypass. Two Paratrend 7 sensors measuring @entity4095 , PCO2, and pH were inserted into the cortex in the distribution of the @entity2500 at a distance of 1 cm from each other. Jugular bulb @entity26 saturation was measured by oximetry. Local perfusion was measured with a flow probe on the @entity2500 and using a laser Doppler. Tissue responses were recorded during: (1) 100% @entity26 ventilation, (2) @entity2944 , and (3) an 18 minute occlusion of the right @entity2500 . RESULTS: Under baseline conditions, tissue @entity4095 , PCO2, and pH suggested that @entity63 was present in tissue measured by both sensors. Tissue @entity4095 rose 40%-50% in both regions during 100% @entity26 ventilation. During @entity2944 , blood flow increased in the @entity2500 , but local perfusion did not increase in region 2. During temporary occlusion of the @entity2500 , @entity63 changes in @entity4095 , PCO2, and pH were seen in region 2 but not in region 1. Local perfusion decreased 80% in region 2, where @entity63 changes were seen. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that changes in tissue @entity4095 , PCO2, and pH are consistent with local perfusion. The use of multiple tissue sensors can detect the presence of watershed @entity63 that is not demonstrated by jugular bulb measurement.

title: Regional XXXX during cerebral bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery', 'MCA']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion', 'cerebral occlusive disease']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between epicardial fat and @entity256 has not been evaluated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of @entity1386 in drug eluting stents (DES). METHODS: In this study, 117 @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography due to recurrent clinical symptoms or findings of non-invasive cardiac tests one year after stent implantation were selected. According to angiographic results, they were divided into two groups, 65 @entity1 with in-stent @entity256 (case group) and 52 @entity1 without such finding (control group). EFT was measured perpendicularly on the free wall of the right ventricle at the end of systole in two echocardiographic views (parasternal short and long axis) at least in three cardiac cycles. The average of obtained values was determined and recorded as EFT. Furthermore, the history of @entity101 , smoking and @entity6 , age and sex were investigated and body mass index (BMI) of each @entity1 was also calculated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics (P=0.812). @entity1 with in-stent @entity256 did not have statistically significant difference (4.6  1.8 mm) in EFT compared to subjects with patent stents (4.5  1.8 mm; P=0.88). The above results were also confirmed using multiple linear regressions. No significant correlation was found between EFT and other clinical variables (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: In this selected population, the risk of @entity256 was not correlated with epicardial fat thickness. Future studies for determining the role of epicardial fat in development of in-stent @entity256 are warranted.

title: The association between epicardial fat thickness in echocardiography and XXXX in drug eluting stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'coronary in-stent restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness (EFT) with restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['coronary restenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11332 (HBoV) is a novel parvovirus that is associated with respiratory and @entity344 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of HBoV amongst hospitalized @entity1 with @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) in Cambodia. STUDY DESIGN:     Samples were collected from 2773 @entity1 of all ages hospitalised with symptoms of @entity1729 between 2007 and 2009. All samples were screened by multiplex RT-PCR/PCR for 18 respiratory viruses. All samples positive for HBoV were sequenced and included in this study. RESULTS: Of the samples tested, 43 (1  5%) were positive for HBoV. The incidence of HBoV did not vary between the consecutive seasons investigated, and @entity281 were detected year-round. The incidence of @entity281 was highest in @entity1 aged < 2 years, with @entity55 or @entity3127 the most common clinical diagnosis, regardless of age. A total of 19 @entity1 (44%) were co-infected with HBoV and an additional respiratory pathogen. All isolates were classified as HBoV type 1 (HBoV-1). High conservation between Cambodian @entity11915 gene sequences was observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity11332 infection can result in serious illness, however is frequently detected in the context of @entity1800 . Specific studies are required to further understand the true pathogenesis of HBoV in the context of severe @entity1576 .

title: @entity11332 amongst an all-ages population hospitalised with acute lower XXXX in Cambodia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract disease']

entities_list: @entity11332 :: ('329641', 'Species') :: ['Human bocavirus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HBoV infections', 'HBoV infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral co-infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['ALRI', 'acute lower respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infections']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity263 that had progressed following orchiectomy were treated with intravenous @entity1259 90 mg/m2 every 28 days. Their median age was 71 years (range 49-78) and the median Zubrod scale (WHO score) was 1. Two @entity1 had soft tissue lesions, 20 had bone metastases and 7 had both. @entity5 response was assessed according to the National @entity263 Project criteria. Of 29 @entity1 , 11 (38%) achieved a partial remission. The median duration of response was 6 months and the median survival time of all @entity1 was 9 months (range 2-27). It seemed that treatment with @entity1259 was not associated with an increase in survival. @entity137 was moderate and consisted of @entity1665 and mild @entity1209 . There was no significant haematological @entity137 and no clinical @entity1370 . It was concluded that @entity1259 was active in hormone-resistant @entity263 in approximately 33% of the @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of @entity1259 in advanced hormone-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'Prostatic Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: Malignant @entity1313 exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics. Despite high levels of @entity880 , the intracellular pH of @entity1313 is more alkaline than normal brain. Additionally, with increasing @entity5 , @entity1313 display @entity519 . @entity2030 and XII are transmembrane isoenzymes that are induced by tissue @entity519 . They participate in regulation of pH homeostasis by catalyzing the reversible hydration of @entity544 . The aim of our study was to investigate whether @entity1313 of different histology and grade of @entity5 express elevated levels of @entity2030 and XII as compared to normal brain. We analyzed 120 tissue specimens from @entity1313 (primary and metastatic) and normal brain for @entity2030 and XII expression by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and in situ hybridization. Whereas normal brain tissue showed minimal levels of @entity2030 and XII expression, expression in @entity5 was found to be upregulated with increased level of @entity5 . @entity279 , from @entity1 with @entity280 , also displayed high levels of @entity2030 and XII expression. Comparison of @entity2030 and XII staining with @entity7738 staining revealed a similar microanatomical distribution, indicating @entity519 as a major, but not the only, induction factor. The extent of @entity2030 and XII staining correlated with cell proliferation, as indicated by Ki67 labeling. The results demonstrate that @entity2030 and XII are upregulated in intrinsic and metastatic @entity1313 as compared to normal brain tissue. This may contribute to the management of @entity5 -specific acid load and provide a therapeutic target.

title: Expression of @entity519 -inducible carbonic anhydrases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2030 :: ('768', 'Gene') :: ['CA IX', 'Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['intratumoral hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: The @entity1 supralaryngeal vocal tract develops to form a unique two-tube configuration with equally long horizontal and vertical cavities. This anatomy contributes greatly to the morphological foundations of @entity1 speech. It is believed to depend on the reduced growth of the palate and on the developmental descent of the larynx relative to the palate. Anatomically, the descent of the larynx is accomplished through both the descent of the laryngeal skeleton relative to the hyoid and the descent of the hyoid relative to the palate. We have studied the development of three living @entity831 using magnetic resonance imaging. Our previous study showed that, as in @entity1 , @entity831 show rapid laryngeal descent, with changes in the relative proportion of the vocal tract during early infancy. However, this is not accompanied by the descent of the hyoid relative to the palate, although it is achieved with the descent of the laryngeal skeleton relative to the hyoid. Here, we show that subsequently the @entity831 hyoid also descends to maintain the rapid descent of the larynx, similarly to @entity1 . We argue that the descent of the larynx probably evolved in a common ancestor of extant hominoids, originally to confer an advantage via a function unrelated to speech. Thus, the descent of the larynx per se is not unique to @entity1 , and facial flattening was probably the major factor that paved the way for speech in the @entity1 lineage.

title: Descent of the hyoid in XXXX : evolution of face flattening and speech.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee', 'chimpanzees']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['chimpanzees']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with central nervous system relapse of @entity146 is very poor with no therapy established so far. In a prospective multicenter phase II study, we evaluated a potentially curative chemotherapy-only regimen in these @entity1 . Adult immunocompetent @entity1 65 years of age or under received induction chemotherapy with @entity1500 /IFO/DEP ( @entity1499 4 g/m(2) intravenously (i.v.) Day 1, @entity1260 2 g/m(2) i.v. Days 3- 5 and liposomal @entity2592 50 mg intrathecally (i.th) Day 6) and AraC/TT/DEP ( @entity2592 3g/m(2) i.v. Days 1-2, thiotepa 40 mg/m(2) i.v. Day 2 and i.th. liposomal @entity2592 50 mg i.th. Day 3) followed by high-dose chemotherapy with @entity3600 400 mg/m(2) i.v. Day -5, thiotepa 2 5 mg/kg i.v. Days -4 to -3 and @entity2879 150 mg/m(2) i.v. Days -5 to -3, and autologous stem cell transplantation Day 0 (HD-ASCT). Thirty eligible @entity1 (median age 58 years) were enrolled. After HD-ASCT (n=24), there was a complete remission in 15 (63%), partial remission in 2 (8%) and progressive disease in 7 (29%) @entity1 . Myelotoxicity was the most adverse event with CTC grade 3/4 infections in 12% of @entity1500 /IFO/DEP courses, 21% of AraC/TT/DEP courses and 46% of HD-ASCT courses. The 2-year time to treatment failure was 49%  19 for all @entity1 and 58%  22 for @entity1 completing HD-ASCT. The protocol assessed proved feasible and highly active with long-lasting remissions in a large proportion of @entity1 . (ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier NCT01148173).

title: Phase II study of central nervous system (CNS)-directed chemotherapy including high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for CNS relapse of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the microcirculatory and metabolic consequences of reduced mesenteric blood flow. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled animal study. SETTING: The surgical research unit of a university hospital. SUBJECTS: A total of 13 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated @entity1707 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1707 were subjected to stepwise mesenteric blood flow reduction (15% in each step, n = 8) or served as controls (n = 5). Superior mesenteric arterial blood flow was measured with ultrasonic transit time flowmetry, and mucosal and muscularis microcirculatory perfusion in the small bowel were each measured with three laser Doppler flow probes. Small-bowel intramucosal @entity33796 was measured by tonometry, and @entity413 , @entity880 (L), and @entity2388 (P) were measured by microdialysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In control animals, superior mesenteric arterial blood flow, mucosal microcirculatory blood flow, intramucosal @entity33796 , and the @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio remained unchanged. In both groups, mucosal blood flow was better preserved than muscularis blood flow. During stepwise mesenteric blood flow reduction, heterogeneous microcirculatory blood flow remained a prominent feature (coefficient of variation, approximately 45%). A 30% flow reduction from baseline was associated with a decrease in microdialysis @entity413 concentration from 2.37 (2.10-2.70) mmol/L to 0.57 (0.22-1.60) mmol/L (p < .05). After 75% flow reduction, the microdialysis @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio increased from 8.6 (8.0-14.1) to 27.6 (15.5-37.4, p < .05), and arterial-intramucosal @entity33796 gradients increased from 1.3 (0.4-3.5) kPa to 10.8 (8.0-16.0) kPa (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Blood flow redistribution and heterogeneous microcirculatory perfusion can explain apparently maintained regional oxidative metabolism during mesenteric hypoperfusion, despite local signs of anaerobic metabolism. Early decreasing @entity413 concentrations suggest that substrate supply may become crucial before @entity26 consumption decreases.

title: Decreasing gut wall XXXX as an early marker of impaired intestinal perfusion.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this follow-up study was to assess whether there has been any increase in the percentage of @entity1 offered attempted curative surgery for @entity3123 and whether the overall survival rate has improved, during the time period 1977-1991. METHODS: Details of new cases of @entity3123 arising in the population of Malm   during the study period were retrieved from the Local Tumour Register in Lund, Sweden. In all, 740 @entity1 were found; 575 of these were diagnosed before death. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate overall survival rates, and Cox regression analysis was used to assess survival in relation to year of diagnosis after adjustment for sex, age at diagnosis and stage of disease. RESULTS: Cytological or histopathological evidence of the disease was given in 95 per cent of cases. The overall 5-year survival rate was 0.5 per cent (three of 575). Curative surgery was attempted in 24 @entity1 (4.2 per cent); the proportion undergoing curative surgery increased in the last part of the study. Two of the 24 @entity1 in this group survived for 5 years. CONCLUSION: The prognosis in @entity3123 remains dismal. Attempted curative surgery still is the only hope for cure, but the group of @entity1 that can be offered this possibility is very limited. In this study, an increase was found in the proportion of @entity1 who were offered attempted curative surgery, but there was no statistically significant increase in the 5-year survival rate following surgery.

title: Survival following XXXX : a follow-up study of all cases recorded in Malm  , Sweden, 1977-1991.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the level of @entity2533 , @entity688 and @entity4155 in the @entity2023 ( @entity1984 ) @entity1 pre- and @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ). METHOD: The level of @entity2533 , @entity688 and @entity4155 in serum of 48 @entity1984 @entity1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before @entity6542 . and the nasal symptom score (NSS) was evaluated in the first and second year after @entity6542 . At the same time. 35 healthy @entity1 were made as normal. RESULT: (1) The level of @entity2533 and @entity688 in serum of @entity1984 @entity1 were lower than that of normal group (P < 0.05). The level of @entity2533 and @entity688 in @entity1984 @entity1 taken @entity6542 for two years was lower than that of @entity1 with one year @entity6542 (P < 0.05), but it was higher than that of @entity1 pre-immunotherapy (P < 0.05). However, The level of @entity2533 and @entity688 in the group that taken @entity6542 for two years was still lower than that of normal group (P < 0.05). (2) The level of @entity4155 in serum of @entity1984 @entity1 pre- immunotherapy was higher than that of normal group (P < 0.05). The level of @entity4155 continuously declined after taking @entity6542 , However it was higher than that of normal group two years later (P < 0.05). (3) In @entity1984 @entity1 pre-immunotherapy and post- immunotherapy for 2 years, the level of @entity688 and @entity2533 showed negative correlation with NSS respectively, the level of @entity4155 was positive related to NSS respectively (P < 0.05). But the level of @entity688 , @entity2533 and @entity4155 showed no correlation with NSS respectively (P > 0.05) when @entity6542 was taken for one year. CONCLUSION: @entity688 and @entity2533 were fluctuated in @entity1984 @entity1 taking @entity6542 , which raised first and then dropped. but the level of @entity688 and @entity2533 was higher than that of pre- immunotherapy. However, the level of @entity4155 continuously declined in the whole process. It showed that the level change of @entity688 , @entity2533 and @entity4155 correlate with @entity1 ' symptom only two years after @entity6542 ,so the level change of @entity688 , @entity2533 and @entity4155 can be used as an index for evaluating the treatment effectiveness of @entity6542 at that time.

title: [Role of @entity2533 , @entity688 and @entity4155 in XXXX @entity1 with specific immunotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'post-specific immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: This study evaluates the use of local anesthesia in the reduction of acute @entity2065 . @entity1 with a primary @entity130 of the shoulder were randomly assigned to receive either local anesthesia or intravenous anesthesia. The @entity1 were observed for any complication during and after the procedure, and the methods used were evaluated with a visual analog scale. In the period from November 1991 to September 1993, 81 @entity1 were admitted to our departments, and 68 @entity1 were included in the study. Average age was 48 years (range 15 to 79 years); 29 @entity1 and 39 @entity1 were studied. Thirty-five @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive intravenous anesthesia; 33 had a successful reduction, and two had a failed reduction. Thirty-three @entity1 received local anesthesia; 32 had a successful reduction, and one had a failed reduction. Ten @entity1 treated with the intravenous method had @entity1576 , and six required an antidote. No systemic or local side effects and no @entity130 were recorded. We did not observe any superficial or deep infection in the local anesthetic group. No statistical difference was found between the average visual analog value scale in the two groups. Local anesthesia to reduce acute primary @entity2065 is a simple and safe method.

title: Reduction of traumatic, primary anterior XXXX with local anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dislocations', 'anterior dislocation of the shoulder']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic dislocation', 'neurovasculor injuries']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['shoulder dislocations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity17627 is a 5-HT4 receptor agonist with gastrointestinal prokinetic activities. This integrated analysis of data from three 12-week, double-blind trials evaluated the effect of @entity17627 2  mg q.d. on common @entity1142 symptoms in @entity1 in whom laxatives had failed to provide adequate relief. The effect of @entity17627 on bowel function was outside the scope of the analysis and has been described elsewhere. METHODS: @entity1 with self-reported inadequate relief from laxatives and included in the @entity17627 2  mg or placebo arm of the trials were selected for analysis. Symptom severity was determined with the @entity1 Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire. Observed changes from baseline in individual item scores were also evaluated by calculating Cohen's D effect sizes using baseline standard deviation (SD) (>0.2-0.5, >0.5-0.8 and >0.8 for small, moderate and large effects, respectively). KEY RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 936 @entity1 . The proportion of @entity1 with a PAC-SYM severity score >2 at baseline was 50.0% for abdominal symptoms, 71.4% for stool symptoms, and 15.5% for rectal symptoms. Excluding the @entity1 without presence of a symptom at baseline from the effect size calculations showed that @entity17627 2  mg had a large effect (>0.8) on all PAC-SYM items, including @entity490 , abdominal discomfort, bloating, straining, and @entity158 . For abdominal symptoms and stool symptoms, effect sizes with @entity17627 2  mg were 1.3-2.3 times larger than those with placebo. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: @entity17627 2  mg q.d. for 12  weeks alleviates common @entity1142 symptoms in @entity1 in whom laxatives had failed to provide adequate relief.

title: Effect of @entity17627 on symptoms of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity17627 :: ('MESH:C406662', 'Chemical') :: ['Prucalopride', 'prucalopride']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . @entity1491 is asymptomatic, and its growth is slow, which may explain why @entity1 often delay seeking treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical, historical, and demographic variables associated with the high Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores of @entity1 with @entity1491 . METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 78 consecutive @entity1 with primary BCCs who underwent @entity5 excision with margin control. Age, sex, habits, number of BCCs, @entity1491 location, pathologic types, and DLQI were analyzed. RESULTS: Most @entity1 had skin phototypes I and II (89.8%) and nodular @entity1491 (66.0%). DLQI analysis showed that 89.7% of @entity1 had scores less than 5 (no or small effects on @entity1 's life). Wearing sunscreen for more than 5  years, @entity5 ulceration, having a @entity5 larger than 2  cm in diameter, and having a @entity5 located not on the head were associated with higher DLQI scores in @entity1 (p  <  .05). CONCLUSION: Age, sex, outdoor activities, habitual sun exposure, or quantity of @entity5 did not influence quality of life. @entity1 who had used sunscreen for more than 5  years, had @entity5 , had @entity5 larger than 2  cm and had @entity5 located outside of the head had higher DLQI scores.

title: Quality of life in @entity1491 XXXX in Brazil: a pilot cross sectional study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ulcerated tumors', 'malignant neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCC', 'Basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An objective method for the pre-operative diagnosis and the post-operative assessment of a presumed perilymphatic @entity292 (PLF) using transtympanic electrocochleography is presented. Three cases are reported in which the history of the disease and the symptoms strongly suggested the presence of a PLF. Pre-operative transtympanic electrocochleography (TT ECoG) recordings at rest showed changes similar to those of endolymphatic @entity4 and signs of instability of the inner ear hydrodynamic system during raised intrathoracic pressure. Surgery revealed a visible leak in two of the three cases. Both windows were repaired in all the @entity1 . All @entity1 were relieved from their vestibular symptoms at the time when the post-operative TT ECoG was conducted 3-6 months later. The post-operative recordings were stable during raised intrathoracic pressure and the previously elevated summating potentials decreased which was interpreted as an objective indication of the recovery of the hydrodynamic system. However, later one of the @entity1 again developed recurrent vertigo. Twenty @entity1 with well-documented M  ni  re's disease were used as a control group. TT ECoG was conducted during raised intrathoracic pressure. The M  ni  re @entity1 showed stable recordings. It is suggested that among @entity1 with suspected PLF and signs of @entity4 in TT ECoG, a dependence on the intrathoracic pressure reflected in the recordings may indicate a possible @entity292 .

title: Transtympanic electrocochleography in the assessment of perilymphatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: @entity20136 include @entity74 : @entity12437 ( @entity12437 ) and @entity24664 ( @entity24664 ) with recessive transmission and @entity20136 ( @entity20136 ) with dominant transmission. We investigated three unrelated Tunisian @entity1 born from consanguineous marriages, presenting @entity20136 associated with chronic @entity294 and @entity851 . Proband HBL-108 had a moderate @entity20136 , apparently transmitted as dominant trait, suggesting the diagnosis of @entity20136 . However, she had no mutations in @entity20136 candidate genes ( @entity755 , @entity756 and @entity36549 ). The analysis of @entity13489 gene was also negative, whereas @entity52610 gene resequencing showed that the @entity1 was homozygous for a novel mutation ( @entity52611 ), resulting in an @entity535 substitution ( @entity52612 ), located in a conserved region of @entity52610 protein. In the HBL-103 and HBL-148 probands, the severity of @entity20136 and its recessive transmission suggested the diagnosis of @entity12437 . The @entity13489 gene resequencing showed that probands HBL-103 and HBL-148 were homozygous for a @entity377 substitution in the donor splice site of intron 9 ( @entity52613 ) and intron 16 ( @entity52614 ) respectively. Both mutations were predicted in silico to abolish the function of the splice site. In vitro functional assay with splicing mutation reporter @entity13489 minigenes showed that the intron 9 mutation caused the skipping of exon 9, while the intron 16 mutation caused a partial retention of this intron in the mature mRNA. The predicted translation products of these mRNAs are non-functional truncated proteins. The diagnosis of @entity12437 and @entity24664 should be considered in @entity1 born from consanguineous parents, presenting chronic @entity294 associated with @entity20136 .

title: Novel mutations in @entity52610 and XXXX genes in Tunisian @entity1 with @entity24664 and @entity12437 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['retarded growth']

entities_list: @entity12437 :: ('MESH:D000012', 'Disease') :: ['abetalipoproteinemia', 'ABL']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity52612 :: ('p|SUB|E|62|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Glu62Lys']

entities_list: @entity20136 :: ('MESH:D006995', 'Disease') :: ['Monogenic hypobetalipoproteinemias', 'familial hypobetalipoproteinemia', 'FHBL', 'hypobetalipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['three disorders']

entities_list: @entity24664 :: ('MESH:C535460', 'Disease') :: ['CMRD', 'chylomicron retention disease']

answer: @entity13489 :: (4547,Gene) :: ['MTTP']


abstract: Basement membrane (BM) components were studied on @entity1 muscle and skeletal muscle cells cultured on different media by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Their topographical relation with @entity934 receptors was investigated. Myotubes cultured on a combination of the serum substitute Ultroser G and brain extract show a continuous layer of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), laminin, and type IV collagen. In contrast, myotubes cultured on serum-containing media are associated with granular depositions of @entity13222 and laminin and only with wisps of type IV collagen. Omission of brain extract or substitution by @entity1573 embryo extract results in an intermediate staining pattern. For all types of cultures, fibronectin is localized in and around mononuclear cells, but hardly associated with myotubes. A codistribution between clusters of @entity934 receptors and @entity13222 and laminin and Vicia villosa B4 lectin-positive material exists only in Ultroser G/brain extract-based myotubes like in muscle in vivo. No clustering is observed in serum-based myotubes. Electron microscopy reveals that the former myotubes are surrounded by a continuous BM consisting of a lamina lucida, lamina densa, and lamina fibroreticularis. Proteoglycans are present on the external site of the lamina densa and associated in a regular fashion with collagen fibrils. In conclusion, BMs associated with myotubes cultured on Ultroser G/brain extract resemble in many ways the in vivo situation, including synaptic specializations. Cultured myotubes may serve as a model system for studies on the structure and function of @entity1 muscular (synaptic) BM under normal and pathological conditions.

title: Ultroser G and brain extract induce a continuous basement membrane with specific synaptic elements in aneurally cultured XXXX skeletal muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 have impaired cellular immune responses. It has been hypothesized that @entity5 cells expressing @entity12 ( @entity12 ) induce in T lymphocytes: (a) apoptosis ( @entity5 counterattack) and (b) down-regulation of @entity12711 expression. However, the hypothesis of @entity5 counterattack is still controversial. METHODS: We analyzed @entity12 expression on @entity1149 cell lines and on @entity5 cells from @entity2220 @entity1 by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. @entity12 mRNA expression was detected in @entity1149 cell lines using RT-PCR, and functional @entity12 was evaluated on Fas-expressing Jurkat T-cells by @entity4404 -FITC staining and by SubG(1) peak detection. Also, the proapoptotic effect of microvesicles released from @entity1149 cell lines in Jurkat T-cells was studied. Alterations in the expression levels of @entity12711 , @entity12710 , and @entity1361 [measured as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)] were determined in Jurkat T-cells after co-culture with @entity1149 cell lines or @entity5 -derived microvesicles. Furthermore, the expression levels of @entity12711 and @entity12710 in @entity404 +T and @entity405 +T lymphocytes from @entity2220 @entity1 was studied. RESULTS: Our results indicate that @entity1149 cells neither @entity12 expressed nor induced apoptosis in Jurkat T-cells. Tumor-derived microvesicles did not induce apoptosis in Jurkat T-cells. In contrast, @entity1149 cell lines down-regulated @entity12710 but not @entity12711 expression in Jurkat T-cells; this effect was induced by soluble factors but not by microvesicles. In @entity2220 @entity1 , significant decreases of MFI values for @entity12710 , but not @entity12711 , were found in @entity404 +T and @entity405 +T cells from @entity1143 compared to peripheral blood and in peripheral blood of @entity1 compared to healthy donors. CONCLUSIONS: Our data do not support the @entity5 counterattack hypothesis for @entity1149 . Nonetheless, down-regulation of @entity12710 in T-cells induced by @entity1149 cells might lead to @entity784 .

title: Lung carcinomas do not induce T-cell apoptosis via the Fas/ XXXX pathway but down-regulate CD3 epsilon expression.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity12 :: (356,Gene) :: ['Fas ligand']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Determine the effects of a nutrition education and exercise intervention on the health and fitness of adolescents with @entity602 from myelomeningocele and @entity1566 . Subjects participated in a 16-week intervention consisting of a behavioral approach to lifestyle change, exercise, and nutrition education to improve fitness (BENEfit) program. @entity1 were given a schedule of aerobic and strengthening exercises and attended nutrition education and behavior modification sessions every other week along with their parent(s). SUBJECTS: Twenty adolescents (aged 11-18 years, mean 15.4 +/- 2.2 years) with @entity602 . METHODS: Subjects were tested immediately prior to starting and upon completion of the program. Aerobic fitness was measured using a ramp protocol with an arm ergometer. Heart rate and @entity26 uptake were measured. Values at anaerobic threshold and maximum @entity26 uptake were recorded. Peak isokinetic arm and shoulder strength were determined with a dynamometer. Body composition was estimated with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum chemistry included measures of @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and @entity1674 . RESULTS: Fourteen individuals completed all testing sessions. There was no significant overall change in weight, body mass index, body mass index z-scores, or serum chemistry. Overall, there was a significant increase in whole body lean tissue without a concomitant increase in whole body fat. Fitness measures revealed a significant increase in maximum power output, work efficiency as measured by the amount of power output produced aerobically, and resting @entity26 uptake. Strength measurements revealed a significant increase in shoulder extension strength and a trend towards increased shoulder flexion strength. There were no significant changes in high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total @entity165 , or @entity1674 . CONCLUSIONS: The BENEfit program shows promise as a method for improving the health and fitness of adolescents with @entity73 who are at high risk for @entity28 and @entity28 -related health conditions.

title: Behavioral intervention, exercise, and nutrition education to improve health and fitness (BENEfit) in adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mobility impairments']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord dysfunction', 'mobility impairment due to spinal cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['mobility impairment due to spinal cord dysfunction']


abstract: @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) repress @entity20527 desaturase gene 1 ( @entity50594 ) expression in liver and adipose tissues. We used HepG2 cells to localize genetic regulatory elements for @entity5204 in the @entity50594 5'-flanking region. A chimeric reporter gene construct containing the 4.3 kb @entity50594 putative promoter was transiently transfected into HepG2 cells, which were then treated with various @entity1718 . We observed greater than 60% repression of transcription with 18:3n - 3 and 75% repression with 20:4n - 6 and 20:5n - 3. No significant change was seen with 18:0. Using smaller @entity50594 chimeric constructs, we localized the genetic regulatory region to a 237 bp sequence within the @entity50594 proximal promoter. DNA mobility shift analysis with HepG2 and @entity19 liver nuclear extracts demonstrated specific binding of nuclear proteins to this region. Mobility shift analysis with nuclear extract from 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed a similar pattern of protein binding. Competitive DNA mobility shift analysis identified a 60 bp region containing sites that specifically bind and compete for nuclear proteins. This region conferred responsiveness to @entity5204 when placed in a heterologous promoter. A homologous region in the @entity20527 desaturase gene 2 ( @entity51834 ) promoter also mediated @entity5204 -specific repression in transfection experiments. These data suggest that a common transcriptional mechanism may exist in liver and adipose tissues for inhibition of lipogenesis by @entity5204 .

title: Localization of a @entity5204 response region in XXXX desaturase gene 1.

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity20527 :: ('MESH:C017725', 'Chemical') :: ['stearoyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity20527 :: (MESH:C017725,Chemical) :: ['stearoyl-CoA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity24887 ( @entity24887 ) is increasingly common in the premature @entity1 and has been demonstrated to be associated with early postnatal administration of glucocorticoids and @entity3352 . Before survival of the @entity600 ( @entity600 ) @entity1 , @entity24887 was thought to be a rare, congenitally acquired disease sporadically affecting the muscularis of the distal intestine. These disparate views of etiology have not been previously reconciled in the literature. OBJECTIVES: (1) To establish a cohort of @entity24887 @entity1 in a national data set. (2) To use timing of diagnosis as a unique data element and thereby differentiate between @entity24887 cases which are susceptible to postnatal risk factors versus those occurring at or immediately after birth (and therefore not exposed to postnatal risk factors). METHODS: A large identified national data set was used to retrospectively look at timing of diagnosis and then the cohort was divided into postnatal treatment groups for further subanalyses. This analysis resulted in the division of the cohort into early and late diagnosis @entity24887 subcohorts. These were then queried retrospectively by univariate analysis to look for differences in demographics between the two (using a P-value < 0.05). RESULTS: There were 633 @entity1 with @entity24887 evaluated in this data set. The early @entity24887 cohort (0-3 days) was made up of 116 @entity1 with a median BW of 1.401 kg, whereas the late cohort (4-14 days) held 386 @entity1 with a median BW of 775 g. @entity1 with early @entity24887 were significantly more likely to: be male, have higher Apgar scores, have not received antenatal @entity230 , surfactant or required mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Two populations of @entity1 acquire @entity24887 : @entity600 @entity1 acquire @entity24887 on average between 7 and 10 days of life after exposure to @entity3352 and @entity19864 (either endogenous or exogenous), and @entity1 with early @entity24887 (0-3 days) who are significantly less likely to have been exposed to postnatal risk factors and are less premature.

title: New insights into spontaneous intestinal perforation using a national data set: (2) two populations of XXXX with perforations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['extremely low birth weight', 'ELBW']

entities_list: @entity19864 :: ('MESH:D005938', 'Chemical') :: ['glucocorticoids']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity24887 :: ('MESH:D007416', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous intestinal perforation', 'SIP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This paper reports our experience in facial reanimation using free innervated muscle transfer in 69 @entity1 with long-term @entity3541 . The majority of @entity1 were treated in two stages with cross-facial nerve graft as the first stage and microvascular muscle transfer at the second stage. The gracilis muscle was used in 62 @entity1 . A system of grading results has been utilized in the long-term evaluation. The overall final result was excellent or good in 51 percent of 47 @entity1 who were available for follow-up. Although the results are not completely satisfactory, they justify the use of this approach to a difficult clinical problem. The results are improving as technical modifications to the procedure have evolved. The gracilis muscle is a reliable free transfer with internal anatomy conductive to use for reanimation of the paralyzed face. This type of transfer, in our experience, has proved superior to nonmicrosurgical methods for treatment of complete and severe incomplete @entity3541 . The seventh cranial nerve is used in the innervation of the transferred muscle, the ipsilateral being preferable if available. The authors believe that use of the same cranial nerve is superior to methods that involve other cranial nerves, where spontaneity is often not achieved.

title: Results of management of XXXX with microvascular free-muscle transfer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effects of Qiyao Xiaoke Capsule (QXC) on @entity1 with @entity164 2 pre- @entity6 . METHODS: Totally 116 pre- @entity6 @entity1 were randomly assigned to the @entity1058 ( @entity1058 , 76 cases) and the blank control group (BC, 40 cases) in the ratio of 2: 1. All @entity1 received proper diet control, health education, and exercises, and so on. Besides, @entity1 in the @entity1058 group took QXC (0.4 g/pill), 6 pills each time, three times a day. But @entity1 in the BC group were intervened by life style alone. The fasting blood @entity413 (FBG), postprandial blood @entity413 (PBG), insulin (FINS, 2h INS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), blood lipids (TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C), and efficacy of @entity1058 symptoms were observed in the two groups before and after intervention. The sequelae were observed at the end of the treatment and at follow-ups. RESULTS: After treatment FBG, PBG, and HbA1c decreased in all @entity1 of the two groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), with 2 h PBG decreased more significantly. But there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The two methods could improve the secretion of FINS. Especially 2 h INS decreased more significantly in the @entity1058 group, showing statistical difference when compared with the BC group (P<0.05). The two methods could improve the metabolism of blood lipids. @entity1058 could significantly lower TG and elevate HDL-C, showing statistical difference when compared with before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment the @entity1058 symptoms were obviously improved, showing statistical difference when compared with the BC group (P<0.05). The normalization rate was better in the @entity1058 group than in the BC group at the end of the treatment and at follow-ups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: QXC combined life style intervention could improve fasting and postprandial insulin secretion of @entity164 2 pre- @entity6 @entity1 , regulate glycolipid metabolism, correct the insulin resistance state, and improve the symptoms of qi-yin insufficiency. It could postpone or hinder the occurrence and development of @entity164 2 @entity6 . It was more effective and durable than changing the life style alone.

title: [Clinical observation of qiyao xiaoke capsule in intervening 76 @entity1 with @entity164 2 pre- XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['Chinese medicine group', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity17 in spinal cord in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) are found in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 47-90% of @entity1 ; @entity602 , however, which is a measure of axonal loss and correlates with disability, is found in 13-41% of @entity1 . Presence and @entity75 depend on the duration and progression of the disease. The aim of this study was to estimate the presence, character and location of lesions and cervical @entity194 in MRI performed 10 years after the onset of @entity15 in relation to the clinical course. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 @entity1 (41 females and 19 males) with definite @entity15 according to McDonald's criteria were studied. The age of @entity1 ranged from 29 to 62 years and disease duration ranged from 11 to 40 years. The @entity15 group comprised 20 @entity1 with @entity19383 ( @entity19383 ), 20 @entity1 with @entity19383 ( @entity19383 ) and 20 @entity1 with benign form of @entity15 (BMS). Spinal cord MRI was performed in conventional T1 and T2-weighted sequences. RESULTS: @entity17 were found in 62% of @entity1 (50% of @entity1 with BMS, 60% with @entity19383 and 75% with @entity19383 ). 42 intrinsic focal lesions were identified in 18 @entity1 and diffuse lesions of spinal cord were noted in 19 @entity1 . @entity75 were seen in @entity1 with BMS, whereas @entity19383 @entity1 had diffuse cervical @entity602 , and @entity19383 @entity1 exhibited both forms of changes. 60% of intrinsic focal lesions were located at @entity17865 levels. Medium-sized lesions prevailed in BMS form; in @entity19383 form small and medium-size lesions, and in @entity19383 form large lesions (>10 mm) were more frequent. The spinal cord was @entity3202 in 8% of @entity1 (10% of @entity1 with @entity19383 and 15% with @entity19383 ). In BMS no atrophy of the cervical cord was observed. We did not find focal demyelinating lesions in the cervical segment of @entity1 with @entity602 . CONCLUSIONS: Presence and @entity17 in cervical cord ten years after onset of @entity15 is significantly related to the clinical form of the disease. The mid-cervical region of the spinal cord appeared to be the commonest location of the focal lesions. Cervical @entity194 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity19383 and @entity19383 , but it was not accompanied with @entity602 .

title: XXXX in the cervical cord in @entity15 10 years after onset of the disease. Correlation between MRI parameters and clinical course.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['character of demyelinating lesions', 'Demyelinating lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Focal lesions', 'character of lesions']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord atrophy', 'cord abnormalities', 'intrinsic focal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cord atrophy']

entities_list: @entity19383 :: ('MESH:D020528', 'Disease') :: ['primary progressive MS', 'secondary progressive MS', 'PPMS', 'SPMS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['Demyelinating lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an ongoing debate about whether laparoscopic pyloromyotomy (LP) or open pyloromyotomy (OP) is the best option for treating @entity2202 ( @entity2202 ). The aim of this study was to compare the results of both surgical strategies by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature. METHODS: A systematic search for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing OP and LP was conducted. Studies were reviewed independently for quality, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and outcomes. Primary outcome was @entity260 (i.e., incomplete pyloromyotomy, perforation, and need for reoperation). Secondary outcomes were time to full feed, postoperative hospital stay, and any other @entity260 . RESULTS: Four RCTs with a total of 502 @entity1 (OP 255, LP 247) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this review. These trials showed an absolute incidence of @entity260 of 4.9% in the LP group. Meta-analysis showed that LP did not lead to significantly more @entity260 ( @entity17978 , 95% CI -3 to 8%) than OP. The mean difference in time to full feed was significant (2.27 h, 95% CI -4.26 to -0.29 h) and the mean difference in postoperative hospital stay tended to be shorter (2.41 h, 95% CI -6.10 to 1.28 h), both in favor of LP. CONCLUSION: So far, the major @entity260 rate after LP for @entity2202 is not substantially higher than after OP. Because time to full feed and postoperative hospital stay are at best a few hours shorter after LP than after OP, the laparoscopic technique might be acknowledged as the standard of care if the major @entity260 rate is low. Hence, this laparoscopic procedure should preferably be performed in centers with pediatric surgeons with expertise in this procedure.

title: Open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on major complications.

entities_list: @entity2202 :: ('MESH:D046248', 'Disease') :: ['HPS', 'hypertrophic pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['major postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

answer: @entity2202 :: (MESH:D046248,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic pyloric stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Personality factors have been implicated in @entity7383 ( @entity7383 ). The present study investigated the relationship between the five-factor model of @entity1314 ( @entity663 , extraversion, @entity1538 , agreeableness, conscientiousness) and @entity7383 . METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1 with @entity7383 completed @entity1314 measures before and after treatment in a clinical trial and during the summer months. The @entity1314 scores of the @entity7383 @entity1 were compared with a matched group of @entity308 @entity1 and published normative data. Stability and change in @entity1314 scores with changes in mood state were assessed. Personality dimensions were evaluated as possible predictors of treatment outcome. RESULTS: @entity7383 @entity1 showed elevated @entity1538 scores relative to both @entity308 @entity1 and norms. Their @entity663 scores were lower than @entity308 @entity1 , but higher than norms. All @entity1314 dimensions showed large and highly significant test-retest correlations but several @entity1314 dimensions, particularly @entity663 and extraversion, also showed considerable change with changing mood state. None of the @entity1314 dimensions were significantly associated with treatment outcome. LIMITATIONS: Personality assessment relied on self-report. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1314 profile of @entity7383 @entity1 differs from both @entity308 @entity1 and norms. Elevated @entity1538 scores appear to be a unique feature of @entity1 with @entity7383 . Since mood state has a significant impact on @entity1314 scores, assessment of @entity1314 in @entity7383 @entity1 should ideally be conducted when they are in remission. Further investigation of the relationship between @entity1314 and @entity7383 , especially the potential significance of elevated @entity1538 scores, is warranted.

title: Personality and XXXX : results from the CAN- @entity7383 study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['non-seasonal depressed']

entities_list: @entity7383 :: ('MESH:D016574', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal affective disorder', 'SAD']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

answer: @entity7383 :: (MESH:D016574,Disease) :: ['seasonal affective disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The natural course of @entity2026 in unselected, consecutive @entity64 @entity1 is not well established. We investigated morbidity, mortality and recovery for different types of @entity2026 in consecutive unselected aphasic @entity1 with @entity64 . Setting and subjects. In 119 aphasic @entity1 , the type and degree of @entity2026 were assessed acutely and at 3, 6 and 18 months after @entity64 onset, using Reinvang's 'Grunntest for afasi' and Amsterdam-Nijmegen-Everyday-Language-Test. RESULTS: About one-third of @entity1 with @entity64 had presented with @entity2026 . Mortality among the aphasic @entity1 during the 18-month follow-up was twice that in non-aphasics (36 vs. 16%). Presence of @entity955 was associated with poorer prognosis. At 18 months, 24% of the 119 aphasic @entity1 had recovered completely, 43% still had significant @entity2026 , and 21% had died. The proportion with global @entity2026 decreased from almost 25% acutely to a few per cent after 18 months, that with @entity244 from 25% to less than 10%, whereas conduction @entity2026 increased from 13 to 23% during follow-up. Among those with initial mild @entity2026 , 70% recovered completely. Great improvement was observed in @entity1 with initial low degree of speech function. Younger @entity1 recovered to a greater extent than older @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The high long-term mortality among aphasics may be seen as an indirect sign of advanced @entity65 . A combination of different and adjusted @entity2026 tests provided the possibility to assess almost all acute aphasic @entity1 . Irrespective of type and degree of @entity2026 , great improvements were seen in almost all aphasic @entity1 . Even @entity1 with severe @entity73 have a considerable potential for recovery, particularly in the first 3 months after @entity64 .

title: @entity2026 in XXXX and relation to outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['speech impairment']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's aphasia"]

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: The effects of alpha- @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) on cardiovascular and renal function in conscious @entity235 were evaluated in two experimental protocols. In one protocol, alpha-hANP was infused intravenously at increasing rates of 50, 100, and 200 ng.min-1.kg-1 (stepup infusion) during successive 20-min periods. The greatest responses occurred during the final 20-min period of the stepup infusion when the plasma concentration of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (irANP) was increased by 44-fold over preinfusion values; pressures in the aorta and both atria were decreased at this time, whereas glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and @entity1372 excretion were increased. In a second protocol, alpha-hANP was infused for 1 h at constant rates of either 12.5, 25, or 50 ng.min-1.kg-1; these constant infusions increased plasma irANP by 3-, 7-, and 12-fold, respectively. Each infusion rate decreased left and right atrial pressures and increased urine flow and @entity1372 excretion. The two lowest infusion rates elevated plasma irANP to levels that would be expected to occur only during unusual physiological, or perhaps pathophysiological, conditions. The two highest infusion rates decreased plasma @entity1122 activity. Nevertheless, the accompanying maximal increases in @entity1372 excretion were modest (41-72%). These data imply that small changes in circulating atrial peptides that presumably occur under normal physiological conditions would not have a dominant effect on the regulation of @entity1372 excretion; the peptides may, however, play a modulatory role on @entity1372 excretion under these conditions. It remains to be determined whether the ability of atrial peptides to lower cardiac filling pressures is of physiological significance.

title: Hemodynamic and renal effects of low-dose infusions of atrial peptide in awake XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity85 is caused by damage to the central slip of the extensor tendon hood with secondary palmer migration of the lateral bands. Accordingly, @entity1 complain of disfigurement and @entity73 due to hyperextension of their @entity3130 . The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of chronic @entity85 by using a modified technique. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with posttraumatic @entity85 were available for follow up as a retrospective study. They were treated by release of the extensor expansion proximal to the distal insertion of the oblique retinacular ligaments with proximal recession of the extensor tendon and lifting the lateral bands dorsally onto the PIP joint after separation of the transverse retinacular ligaments from their insertion volarly. All @entity1 had @entity130 . The mean age was 32 years (range: 16-48 years). The average follow-up period was 33 months (range: 26-38 months). We included only cases with deformities that were totally correctable passively with or without joint osteoarthritic changes. RESULTS: Preoperatively the average PIP joint extension deficit was 60   and postoperatively the average is reduced to 7  , preoperative the average @entity3130 motion was 10   of hyperextension, post-surgery the average @entity3130 active flexion was 75  . The final outcomes were 58.3% excellent, 33.3% good, and 8.3% poor. DISCUSSION: This modified technique gave (91.6%) excellent and good results. The extensor tendon acted mainly on the PIP joint and allowing the @entity3130 joint to flex freely. The procedure is simple and provides long-term good results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic case series, level 1V.

title: Surgical management of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of function']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['boutonniere deformity', 'Boutonniere deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['closed injury']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['boutonniere deformity']


abstract: From 1983 to May 1991, the artificial sphincter AS800 has been applied in 106 female @entity1 for the treatment of complicated cases of @entity322 . Of these, 80 remained in continuous follow-up and have now been followed up for at least 1 year, with a mean of 3.8 years. In 40 of our female @entity1 the urethra was afunctional secondary to failure of previous anti-stress- @entity322 procedures. @entity322 with sphincteric involvement affected 30, while 10 of the @entity1 had @entity154 or traumatic sphincter weakness. Following implantation of the artificial sphincter, 86.3% of these @entity1 are completely continent and do not need a pad. With regard to emptying, 81.3% are able to empty their bladder without residual urine after opening the sphincter, and 8 have to perform clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) once or twice daily in addition. A further 7 void exclusively by CIC. As preparation for implantation of the AS800 sphincter, 24 additional procedures were performed, including 5 antireflux operations and 6 bladder-flap procedures. In 38 of 80 @entity1 a total of 62 revisions were performed. @entity281 were the most common reasons for revision, accounting for 48.2% of all revisions. The next most common reason was tissue atrophy underneath the cuff. However, 25% of the revisions were due to device failures, most often cuff leakage.

title: [The AS800 artificial sphincter for the treatment of female XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital sphincter anomalies']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'Neurogenic incontinence']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infection and erosion']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: @entity5 of glial origin such as @entity463 ( @entity463 ) comprise the majority of @entity1 @entity1313 . @entity1 with @entity463 have a very poor survival rate, with an average life expectancy of <1 year. We asked whether we could identify a survival pathway in high-grade @entity11 and @entity3271 cells that when suppressed, would induce apoptosis of these @entity5 cells but not of normal @entity1 adult astrocytes. To identify these pathways, we selectively suppressed the activity of a number of proteins (Ras, @entity5180 , @entity584 , @entity3547 , @entity1178 , and @entity16629 ) hypothesized to play roles in cell survival. We found that suppression of @entity5180 , a small GTP-binding protein, inhibited survival and produced apoptosis in three @entity1 @entity11 cell lines (U87, U343, and U373). Serum induced the activity of @entity5180 and the activity or phosphorylation state of p21-activated kinase 1 and @entity4675 ( @entity4675 ), two intracellular targets of @entity5180 . Suppression of @entity5180 also induced apoptosis in 19 of 21 short-term cultures of @entity1 primary cells from grades II and III @entity3271 and grade IV @entity463 that varied in @entity876 , @entity470 , @entity470 @entity797 , @entity7465 , and @entity986 / @entity986 mutational or amplification status. In contrast, inhibition of @entity5180 activity did not induce apoptosis of normal primary @entity1 adult astrocytes. In both established @entity11 cell lines and primary @entity11 cells, apoptosis induced by the inhibition of Rac was partially rescued by activated @entity12363 , an activator of @entity4675 , suggesting that @entity4675 functions downstream of @entity5180 in @entity11 cells. These results indicate that @entity5180 regulates a major survival pathway in most @entity11 cells, and that suppression of @entity5180 activity stimulates the death of virtually all @entity11 cells, regardless of their mutational status. Agents that suppress @entity5180 activity may therefore be useful therapeutic treatments for @entity11 .

title: Suppression of Rac activity induces apoptosis of @entity1 XXXX cells but not normal @entity1 astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity12363 :: ('5604', 'Gene') :: ['mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity4675 :: ('5599', 'Gene') :: ['c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase', 'JNK']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Primary @entity1893 of bone (PNHLB) is a rare form of @entity706 . Many studies have reported the clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic characteristics of PNHLB; however, their molecular features have not been well studied. In this report, we present the immunophenotypic and molecular characteristics of 20 primary large @entity1892 (PLBCL) of bone from 20 adults. Most demonstrated centroblastic morphology, with the majority exhibiting nuclear multilobation. One case (5%) demonstrated anaplastic features with strong @entity5823 expression but was @entity9511 negative. @entity4042 expression was seen in 6 of 20 cases, and strong @entity876 protein expression was seen in 11 of 20 (55%) cases. The majority of cases analyzed (13/18 = 72%) demonstrated a clonal B-cell process by @entity7513 gene rearrangement studies. Of the five cases that did not demonstrate a clonal population, two expressed @entity4042 protein. No cases demonstrated a @entity588 /JH rearrangement, but @entity588 protein expression was seen in 11 of 20 (55%) cases. In summary, primary @entity706 is largely a @entity1893 of large B-cell type. Our studies demonstrate that @entity876 and @entity588 expression may play a role in the pathogenesis of PLCBL of bone. In addition, a subset of the cases are of putative germinal center B-cell origin based on the expression of @entity4042 protein and may be genetically distinct from follicle center @entity706 . The results provide evidence for molecular heterogeneity within primary large @entity1892 of bone.

title: An immunophenotypic and molecular study of primary large B-cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma of bone', 'extranodal lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of bone']


abstract: To enable the treatment of hepatic @entity3 with higher, theoretically more effective, doses of systemically toxic anticancer drugs, an isolated liver perfusion (ILP) technique was developed in WAG/Ola @entity35 . First, in a @entity137 study the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) was determined for a 25-min ILP and for hepatic artery infusion (HAI) after the administration of a bolus dose. The MTD in the ILP setting (4.8 mg/kg) was 4 times that using HAI (1.2 mg/kg). Subsequently, in a @entity35 colorectal hepatic- @entity3 model, concentrations of @entity1139 in @entity5 , liver, plasma and perfusate were measured during a 25-min ILP to investigate the expected pharmacokinetic advantage of ILP. The mean plasma level determined after ILP (1.2 as well as 4.8 mg/kg @entity1139 ) was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than that obtained following HAI. This may explain both the absence of severe systemic @entity137 and the higher MTD in ILP-treated groups. No significant difference in mean @entity5 and liver tissue concentrations of @entity1139 were found when the groups treated with 1.2 mg/kg drug via HAI vs ILP were compared. The mean @entity1139 concentration in @entity5 tissue was significantly higher (almost 5 times; P less than 0.05) in @entity35 treated by ILP with the MTD (4.8 mg/kg) than in those treated via HAI with the MTD (1.2 mg/kg). ILP of @entity1139 can be safely performed using a dose 4 times higher than the MTD in the HAI setting, leading to an almost 5-fold concentration of @entity1139 in hepatic @entity3 . ILP of @entity1139 may therefore represent a promising therapy for @entity3 confined to the liver.

title: High @entity1138 concentration in XXXX tissue can be achieved by isolated liver perfusion in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on microdialysis-assessed interstitial fluid metabolic parameters in septic @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 37 @entity1 with severe @entity295 / @entity326 requiring transfusion of one to two RBC units. Interstitial fluid metabolic alterations were monitored by a microdialysis catheter inserted in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Samples were collected before (T0) and after transfusion at two time-points: @entity13712 and T1b; median post-transfusion times of 120 [interquartile range (IQR); 45-180] and 360 (IQR; 285-320) min. @entity880 , @entity2388 , @entity653 and @entity413 concentrations were measured with a bedside analyzer, and the @entity880 / @entity2388 (LP) ratio was calculated automatically. RESULTS: RBC transfusions decreased the LP ratio from (T0) 18.80 [interquartile range (IQR); 14.85-27.45] to ( @entity13712 ) 17.80 (IQR; 14.35-25.20; P < 0.05) and (T1b) 17.90 (IQR; 14.45-22.75; P < 0.001), while there was also significant interindividual variation. Post-transfusion LP ratio changes at @entity13712 [r = -0.42; 95 % confidence interval (CI), -0.66 to -0.098; P = 0.01] and T1b (r = -0.68; 95 % [CI], -0.82 to -0.44; P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with the pre-transfusion LP ratio, but not with baseline demographic characteristics, vital signs, severity scores, hemoglobin level and blood @entity880 . RBC storage time and leukocyte reduction had no influence on the tissue metabolic response to transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Tissue oxygenation is affected by RBC transfusion in @entity3124 septic @entity1 . Monitoring of tissue LP ratio by microdialysis may represent a useful method for individual clinical management.

title: Red blood cell transfusion affects microdialysis-assessed interstitial @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio in @entity3124 XXXX with late @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate', 'Lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study is designed to review a @entity787 ( @entity787 )-driven postoperative protocol designed to identify @entity1 suitable for curative reresection when recurrent @entity14 is identified. METHODS: A total of 285 @entity1 who were operated on for @entity694 between 1981 and 1985 were evaluated (with @entity787 levels) every two months for the first two years, every three months for the third year, every six months for years 4 and 5, and annually thereafter. @entity787 levels above 5 microg were considered abnormal and were evaluated with diagnostic imaging and/or endoscopy. RESULTS: Follow-up was available for 280 @entity1 (98.2 percent). Distribution of @entity1 by Astler-Coller was: A, 14 percent; @entity12950 , 39 percent; C1, 5 percent; C2, 21 percent. There were 62 of 280 @entity1 (22 percent) who developed elevated @entity787 levels, with 44 @entity1 who demonstrated clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrence. Eleven @entity1 were selected for surgery with curative intent (4 hepatic resections, 1 pulmonary wedge resection, 2 abdominoperineal resections, 2 segmental bowel resections, and 2 cranial metastasectomies). Three of 11 @entity1 (27 percent) benefited and have disease-free survivals greater than 60 months. Of the 223 @entity1 without elevated @entity787 , 22 (9.9 percent) had recurrent @entity5 without any survivors. Overall, 3 of 285 @entity1 (1.1 percent) were cured as a result of @entity787 follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity787 -driven surgery is useful in selected @entity1 and can produce long-term survivors.

title: Value of XXXX monitoring in curative surgery for recurrent @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon or rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen']


abstract: In @entity15879 , applied @entity1496 induces medusa formation (strobilation). This process also occurs when the temperature is lowered. This was found to increase oxidative stress resulting in an increased production of @entity1496 from @entity6893 . One polyp produces several medusae (initially termed ephyrae) starting at the polyp's oral end. The spreading of strobilation down the body column is controlled by a feedback loop: ephyra anlagen decrease the @entity669 content in adjacent polyp tissue by producing melanin from @entity669 . Endogenous @entity669 is able to remove @entity1496 by forming iodiferous @entity669 compounds. The reduced level of @entity669 causes the @entity1127 to move towards the basal end of the former polyp. We argue that an oxidant defence system may exist which makes use of @entity6893 and @entity669 . Like other marine invertebrates, @entity1127 of Aurelia contain @entity6893 ions. Inevitably produced @entity2627 oxidise @entity6893 into @entity1496 . The danger to be harmed by @entity1496 is strongly decreased by endogenous @entity669 which reacts with @entity1496 to form iodiferous @entity669 compounds including thyroxin. Both substances together, @entity6893 and @entity669 , form an efficient oxidant defence system which shields the tissue against damage by reactive @entity26 species. In the course of evolution (from a species at the basis of the animal kingdom like Aurelia to a highly evolved species like @entity1 ) the waste product thyroxin (indicating a high metabolic rate) has developed into a hormone which controls the metabolic rate.

title: A newly discovered oxidant defence system and its involvement in the development of XXXX (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria): reactive @entity26 species and elemental @entity1496 control medusa formation.

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['ephyra-polyp-border', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity15879 :: ('6145', 'Species') :: ['Aurelia aurita']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity15879 :: (6145,Species) :: ['Aurelia aurita']


abstract: Spheroids are three-dimensional cell aggregates expressing histotypic organisation in vitro comparable to tissue continuity in vivo. They can be prepared from normal tissue and from @entity5 fragments. In the experiments presented here, dermal @entity1 spheroids and @entity1313 spheroids are prepared from the same @entity1 . The dermal tissue originates from the border of the incision wound made to effect a stereotactic @entity1313 biopsy. The @entity5 originates from a fragment of the collected stereotactic biopsy. The dermal fragment and the brain biopsy are explanted in vitro to form confluent monolayers. At confluency, the dermal cells are transferred into small Erlenmeyer flasks and rotated at 37 degrees C for 1-2 days and rotation mediated spheroids are formed. Small flaps of the @entity5 monolayer are placed on a semisolid non-adhesive substrate, reorganise and form agar overlay spheroids. After spheroid formation, a dermal spheroid is confronted with a @entity1313 derived spheroid. The confronting pair, after adhering to each other, present an invasion model in vitro. The dermal spheroid functions as the autologous host for the @entity1313 spheroid. Putative invasive cells present in the reaggregated brain spheroid will invade the dermal spheroid and destroy it. If no invasive cells are present in the @entity5 derived spheroid no morphologic changes will be seen in the dermal spheroid; 24 tested brain biopsy spheroids demonstrated a clear correlation between @entity5 in situ and invasiveness in vitro. So it can be concluded that the autologous confrontation of @entity1313 derived spheroids with dermal spheroids derived from the @entity1 has a predictive value concerning malignant evolution and mimics the situation of the @entity5 in situ.

title: Autologous spheroid culture: a screening tool for XXXX @entity1313 invasion.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity7224 , @entity11667 and @entity8037 were transported into the @entity35 lens against a concentration gradient. This process appeared to be energy-dependent and involved a carrier system different from those for @entity1522 . Competition experiments suggested that the three @entity4663 were transported by the same system or very similar systems. Incorporated @entity8037 was converted to @entity11667 and @entity7224 , and @entity11667 was converted to @entity7224 . In contrast, the conversion of @entity7224 to @entity11667 and @entity8037 , or the conversion of @entity11667 to @entity8037 was not observed. Furthermore, @entity7222 was not utilized for the synthesis of @entity7224 . These metabolic characteristics of the @entity4663 in the @entity35 lens were correlated with the extremely low activities of @entity7222 decarboxylase and @entity7726 decarboxylase. Other enzymes of @entity4664 metabolisms, however, were relatively active. In conclusion, the lens has a very low ability for the de novo synthesis of @entity4663 . The @entity4663 in the lens are considered to be supplied form the surrounding intraocular fluid by an active transport system specific for @entity4663 .

title: Active transport and metabolic characteristics of XXXX in the @entity35 lens.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine', 'Putrescine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate expression of key epithelial-connective tissue interface adhesion molecules (basal keratinocyte integrins and extracellular matrix receptors) in @entity8619 (LP). @entity537 and basement membrane proteins laminin 1, laminin 5, collagen IV, and collagen VII were immunohistochemically identified in frozen biopsy specimens (14 oral LP and II matched controls) using a standard avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase technique. RESULTS: An increased staining intensity of all antigens in LP was shown, as compared to controls. Integrin expression by LP keratinocytes was generally more intense and appeared on more upper level cells. Staining for basement membrane-associated extracellular matrix proteins was also generally more intense, although fragmentation and gaps were typically seen. Reactions for @entity537 , and collagen VII stains were particularly intense along the basement membrane. In LP, strands of laminin 5, collagen IV, and collagen VII appeared in the submucosa approximating or duplicating the basement membrane. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent increased expression of the interface-associated adhesion molecules may be reflective of a keratinocyte compensatory response (due to lymphocyte-mediated damage) that would functionally help resist epithelial separation ( @entity1066 ). Expression of alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 6 @entity537 would also assist in epithelial migration associated with wound repair. We interpret the submucosal extensions and deposits of basement membrane proteins as representing remnants of basement membrane, indicating recent remodeling or @entity194 of epithelial rete ridges.

title: Altered interface adhesion molecules in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity537 :: ('10381', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 6, beta 4, laminin 5', 'DESIGN: Integrins alpha 3, alpha 6, beta 1, beta 4', 'beta 4']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['oral lichen planus']

answer: @entity8619 :: (MESH:D017676,Disease) :: ['oral lichen planus']


abstract: During a review of @entity3969 , four located external to the kidney were identified. @entity1 age ranged from 7 months to 4 years; three were female. One @entity5 was located in the parametrial connective tissue to the left of the uterus; both kidneys were radiographically normal. Three @entity5 were located in the right retroperitoneum adherent to the surface of the ipsilateral kidney, but separated from the parenchyma by a thick fibrous capsule. Two were attached to the upper pole, while the third was attached to the midportion of the kidney. Radiologic studies showed displacement of all three kidneys, but intravenous pyelogram (IVP) revealed no calyceal distortion. All four @entity5 were favorable histology @entity3969 : one was monophasic epithelial type, one was monophasic blastemal type, and two had a mixture of stromal, epithelial, and blastemal tissue. No teratomatous elements were present. Immunoperoxidase staining for cytokeratin ( @entity2278 , CAM 5.2), @entity2277 , and @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ) showed the strongest focal positive staining of tubular structures with CAM 5.2, and slight staining with @entity2543 . Staining reaction to @entity2277 was variable, but negative in most areas. Three @entity5 extracted from paraffin were diploid by quantitative flow cytometric DNA analysis; in one case, flow cytometry could not be performed. Clinical follow-up from 2 years to 6 years showed all @entity1 to be alive without evidence of disease. Based on the similarity to @entity3969 , these findings support the hypothesis of displaced mesonephric/metanephric rests for the origin of extrarenal @entity3969 .

title: Extrarenal XXXX : an analysis of four cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['EMA', 'epithelial membrane antigen']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor", "conventional renal Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: The circadian and pulsatile @entity7287 (TSH) and @entity4090 (PRL) release was investigated in a @entity1 with @entity1378 due to a mixed TSH- and PRL-secreting @entity977 . Blood was withdrawn every 10 min for 24 h (before and after medical treatment); pulse characteristics were analyzed by Desade and Cluster programs (values as mean +/- SD). The inappropriately high mean 24-h TSH concentration of 3.55 +/- 0.31 mU/l was associated with a higher mean 24-h TSH pulse amplitude but unaltered mean 24-h TSH pulse frequency relative to healthy controls. The nocturnal TSH surge (absolute surge 0.5 mU/l, relative surge 16%) was low, related to a loss of the usual nocturnal increase of TSH pulse amplitude and TSH pulse frequency. Chronic treatment with @entity2390 resulted in a modest clinical and biochemical improvement of the @entity1378 state; addition of @entity2847 at a later stage had no further beneficial effect. At the end of the follow-up period the mean 24-h TSH paradoxically had increased to 5.33 +/- 0.81 mU/l. The nocturnal TSH surge also increased (absolute surge 1.9 mU/l, relative surge 42%), but circadian changes in TSH pulsatility remained absent. In the untreated period the increased mean 24-h PRL concentration of 234 +/- 24 micrograms/l was associated with an increased mean 24-h PRL amplitude, whereas the 24-h PRL pulse frequency (N = 4) was lower relative to controls. No circadian PRL rhythm was present. After @entity2390 and @entity2847 treatment the mean 24-h PRL concentration and mean 24-h PRL pulse amplitude were unchanged, but a clear nocturnal increase of PRL now was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulsatile thyrotropin and @entity4090 secretion in a @entity1 with a mixed thyrotropin- and @entity4090 -secreting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['slight hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trials evaluating long-term management of @entity4773 have mainly been focused on recurrence of @entity1066 , disregarding effects on dyspeptic and reflux symptoms. Profound acid inhibition with a proton pump inhibitor is the gold standard therapy in acid-related diseases. We aimed to compare the symptomatic effects of eradication therapy with those of long-term @entity4546 treatment in a design with periods both with and without acid inhibition. METHODS: @entity1 with active duodenal @entity1066 were randomized either to @entity4546 , 20 mg twice daily until healing, followed by @entity4546 , 20 mg/ day for 1 year, or to eradication therapy ( @entity868 , @entity115 , and @entity4546 for 2 weeks) followed by placebo for 1 year. All @entity1 were followed up passively for an additional year. Clinical controls were performed every 2 months the 1st year (maintenance phase) and every 6 months during the passive follow-up phase. The study was multicentric and double-blind. The primary end-point was discontinuation of treatment, irrespective of reason. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-six @entity1 were randomized (139 in the eradication treatment group). In the maintenance phase there were no differences in the reporting of @entity1109 or in premature withdrawal. In the passive follow-up phase only five @entity1 in the eradication therapy group discontinued owing to relapse of @entity1109 or @entity1066 , compared with 51 @entity1 initially randomized to long-term @entity4546 . There were no differences in reflux symptoms or in the development of @entity354 . CONCLUSIONS: Eradication therapy and long-term @entity4546 are equally effective in controlling @entity1109 and reflux in duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 with healed @entity1066 . One-quarter of the duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 who start eradication therapy continue to be symptomatic or fail therapy for other reasons over a 2-year period. Eradication therapy does not increase the risk of reflux in @entity1066 @entity1 .

title: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori compared with long-term acid suppression in XXXX . A randomized trial with 2-year follow-up. The Danish Ulcer Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['dyspeptic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4773 :: (MESH:D004381,Disease) :: ['duodenal ulcer disease']


abstract: Biological availability of @entity1522 of three common bean ( @entity11297 ) varieties was evaluated in four, healthy adult subjects, consuming bean-based diets by the @entity535 absorption technique and the short-term @entity1568 balance method. The @entity535 composition was determined according to the ionic interchange method, and @entity2340 was estimated by a colorimetric procedure. The essential @entity535 (EAA) and non-essential @entity535 (NEAA) pattern suggests that no significant differences in content exists in the three bean varieties. When the EAA patterns were compared with those of FAO/WHO, the limiting AA in decreasing order were found to be: @entity2340 , @entity4857 and @entity1889 ( @entity599 AA are not considered because the hydrolysis used in this study destroys them); and the AA surpassing the reference pattern were the aromatic AA and @entity6778 . Apparent ( @entity195 ) and true ( @entity8527 ) digestibilities of the EAA fluctuated between 33 and 59% and 60 and 85%, respectively, for black beans. With red beans, these results diminished: 29 and 55% @entity195 and 64 and 81% @entity8527 , while for white beans the limits extended: 18 and 57% @entity195 and 36 and 86% @entity8527 . @entity4857 proved to be the EAA of lower biological availability, and @entity376 and @entity815 the most available. It is suggested that the low digestibility of @entity4857 could be due to the @entity535 imbalance existing in the bean protein, since this contains an excess of @entity6778 and @entity368 in relation to @entity4857 . The @entity195 and @entity8527 of the AAE with respect to the NEAA were of 0.89 and 0.98 for black bean, 0.89 and 0.96 for the red and 0.77 and 0.90 for the white, which indicates that biological availability of the NEAA is higher than that of the EAA. Findings thus confirm that biological determination of the @entity8527 of protein permits prediction of the @entity8527 of the AA, since a positive correlation (r = 0.93) statistically significant was found (p less than 0.05) among them. Utilization of the @entity8527 parameter instead of that of @entity195 to estimate the protein quality is therefore recommended.

title: [Bioavailability of @entity1522 in beans ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity4857 :: ('CHEBI:27266', 'Chemical') :: ['valine', 'Valine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity11297 :: (3885,Species) :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']


abstract: @entity5363 is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. It can sometimes cause @entity582 , but the bacterial characteristics facilitating @entity281 are not known. A total of 73 @entity5363 isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne @entity281 during a 10-year period all over Finland and for which detailed clinical information of the @entity1 were available, were included. We screened the isolates by PCR for the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) locus class and for the presence of the putative virulence genes ceuE, ciaB, fucP, and virB11. The isolates were also tested for y-glutamyl transpeptidase production. The results were analysed with respect to the clinical characteristics of the @entity1 , and the multilocus sequence types (MLSTs) and serum resistance of the isolates. LOS locus classes A, B, and C, which carry genes for sialylation of LOS, were detected in only 23% of the isolates. These isolates were not more resistant to human serum than those with the genes of non-sialylated LOS locus classes, but were significantly more prevalent among @entity1 with underlying diseases (p 0.02). The @entity3953 permease gene fucP was quite uncommon, but was associated with the isolates with the potential to sialylate LOS (p <0.0001). LOS locus classes and some of the putative virulence factors were associated with MLST clonal complexes. Although some of the bacterial characteristics studied here have been suggested to be important for the invasiveness of @entity5363 , they did not explain why the clinical isolates in the present study were able to cause @entity582 .

title: Lipooligosaccharide locus class of @entity5363 : sialylation is not needed for invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']