abstract: We report 28 @entity1 (20 male) with a syndrome characterized by abrupt onset of @entity221 , malaise, @entity7809 , @entity5389 , @entity7551 , and cervical @entity3018 ( @entity751 ). Episodes of @entity221 occurred at intervals of 5.1 +/- 1.3 weeks beginning at the age of 4.2 +/- 2.7 years. Fever, malaise, @entity5389 with negative throat cultures, and cervical @entity3018 were reported in all 28 @entity1 , aphthae in 19, @entity10 in 5, @entity490 in 5, and @entity4841 in 3. Mild @entity828 was observed in 6 @entity1 . Mild @entity491 , elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and @entity2002 were found during attacks. These episodes of illness resolved spontaneously in 4.3 +/- 1.7 days. Serum IgD was found elevated (>100 U/mL) in 12 of the 18 @entity1 tested (140.2 +/- 62.4 U/mL). Affected @entity1 grow normally, have no associated diseases, and have no long-term sequelae. Attacks were aborted by a single dose of oral @entity229 (2 mg/kg) at the beginning of the attack in all 15 @entity1 in whom this medication was prescribed. In 9 @entity1 the syndrome has completely resolved (beginning at the age of 2.9 +/- 1.3 and lasting 8 +/- 2.5 years). In 3 other @entity1 complete resolution of the attacks occurred after tonsillectomy was performed. PFAPA is sporadic, and no ethnic predilection was found. Increased awareness of the clinical syndrome has resulted in more frequent diagnosis and adequate treatment.

title: @entity221 , @entity7809 , XXXX , and @entity3018 : clinical characteristics and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['PFAPA syndrome']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity7551 :: (MESH:D010612,Disease) :: ['pharyngitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1468 and other placental pathologies are characterized by a lack of spiral artery remodeling associated with insufficient invasion by extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT). Because trophoblast invasion occurs in early pregnancy when access to @entity1 placental tissue is limited, there is a need for model systems for the study of trophoblast differentiation and invasion. @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESC) treated with @entity13062 - differentiate to trophoblast, and express @entity6393 , a marker of EVT. The goals of the present study were to further characterize the @entity6393 (+) cells derived from @entity13062 -treated hESC, and determine their suitability as a model. METHODS: HESC were treated with @entity13062 under 4% or 20% @entity26 and tested in Matrigel invasion chambers. Both @entity13062 -treated hESC and primary @entity1 placental cells were separated into @entity6393 (+) and @entity6393 (-)/ @entity3309 (+) populations with immunomagnetic beads and expression profiles analyzed by microarray. RESULTS: There was a 10-fold increase in invasion when hESC were @entity13062 -treated. There was also an independent, stimulatory effect of @entity26 on this process. Invasive cells expressed trophoblast marker @entity5822 , and the majority were also @entity6393 (+). Gene expression profiles revealed that @entity6393 (+), @entity13062 -treated hESC were similar to, but distinct from, @entity6393 (+) cells isolated from first trimester placentas. Whereas @entity6393 (+) and @entity6393 (-) cells from first trimester placentas had highly divergent gene expression profiles, @entity6393 (+) and @entity6393 (-) cells from @entity13062 -treated hESC had somewhat similar profiles, and both expressed genes characteristic of early trophoblast development. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hESC treated with @entity13062 provide a model for studying transition to the EVT lineage.

title: Comparison of extravillous trophoblast cells derived from @entity1 embryonic stem cells and from first trimester XXXX placentas.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity172 sulfotransferase (EST) is responsible for the sulfoconjugation of @entity172 , thereby changing their physical properties and preventing their action via the @entity172 receptors. These sulfoconjugated @entity230 no longer diffuse freely across the lipid bilayer; instead, they are exported by members of the @entity855 -binding cassette family, such as @entity11092 . The objective of this study was to investigate the regulation of EST and @entity11092 during @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 )-induced ovulation/luteinization. The transcripts for EST and @entity11092 were cloned by RT-PCR, and the regulation of their mRNAs was studied in preovulatory follicles obtained during estrus at 0, 12, 24, 30, 33, 36, and 39 h after @entity3566 . Results obtained from RT-PCR/Southern blot analyses showed significant changes in steady-state levels of both EST and @entity11092 mRNA after @entity3566 treatment (P < 0.05). In granulosa cells, a significant increase in EST transcript was observed 30-39 h after @entity3566 . Similarly, @entity11092 transcript levels were induced in granulosa cells 12-39 h after @entity3566 . In contrast, no significant changes in either EST or @entity11092 were detected in theca interna samples after @entity3566 . The increase in EST and @entity11092 transcripts observed in granulosa cells was reflected in preparations of intact follicle walls, suggesting that the granulosa cell layer contributes the majority of EST and @entity11092 expression in preovulatory follicles. The present study demonstrates that follicular luteinization is accompanied not only by a decrease in 17 @entity10769 biosynthesis but also by an increase in expression of genes responsible for @entity172 inactivation and elimination from granulosa cells, such as EST and @entity11092 , respectively.

title: @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin-dependent up-regulation of genes responsible for XXXX sulfoconjugation and export in granulosa cells of luteinizing preovulatory follicles.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Clinically nonfunctioning @entity977 represent approximately 25% of all @entity977 . Recent studies using a number of in vitro techniques show that the majority of such @entity5 produce gonadotropins. Hypersecretion of uncombined gonadotropin subunits by these @entity5 has also been identified raising the possibility that gonadotropin biosynthetic alterations may occur in neoplastic pituitary tissue. To determine whether underlying intracellular biosynthetic alterations lead to imbalanced secretion of the gonadotropin subunits by such @entity5 , we investigated 1) steady state gonadotropin-subunit messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in @entity5 tissue from 49 @entity1 with clinically nonfunctioning @entity652 , 2) secretion of gonadotropins in dispersed @entity977 cultures, and 3) serum concentrations of gonadotropins and free subunits. Northern blots of RNA extracted from surgically obtained @entity977 tissue were hybridized with complementary DNA probes for @entity6752 , @entity6753 , and alpha-subunit, and quantitative analysis was done to compare alpha- and beta-subunit biosynthesis in individual @entity5 . Of these @entity5 , 47 contained sufficient RNA for Northern analysis and 77% of these @entity5 contained one or more of the gonadotropin-subunit mRNAs. Steady state alpha-subunit mRNA was detected in 57% of @entity5 , @entity6752 mRNA in 49%, and @entity6753 in 1 (2%). We found @entity6752 mRNA in excess of alpha-subunit mRNA in one-third of @entity5 , including 9 @entity5 where alpha-subunit mRNA was undetectable. In cultured cells, @entity6752 was secreted in excess of alpha-subunit in 41% of @entity5 . For those @entity5 in which both mRNA and culture data were available, @entity6752 mRNA and secreted subunit levels were in excess of alpha-subunit in 64% of @entity5 . We conclude that clinically nonfunctioning @entity977 frequently synthesize excess @entity6752 subunit relative to alpha-subunit. This finding is in contrast to previous data in normal pituitary or placental tissue where alpha-subunit is present in excess of beta-subunits at both the mRNA and protein levels. The free-beta-subunit hypersecretion identified in @entity977 may be due to @entity854 intrinsic to neoplastic gonadotrophs.

title: Imbalanced follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit hormone biosynthesis in XXXX @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['biosynthetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor', 'pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity0 survivors suffer debilitating hot flashes. @entity172 , the drug of choice in perimenopausal @entity1 , is generally not recommenced to @entity0 survivors. Nonhormonal treatments are mostly disappointing. Anecdotal reports in our institution suggested that the selective @entity750 -reuptake inhibitor, @entity903 , might be efficacious in alleviating hot flashes. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with prior @entity0 who were suffering at least two hot flashes a day entered a single institution pilot trial to evaluate @entity903 's efficacy in reducing the frequency and severity of hot flashes. After completing daily diaries for one week on no therapy, the @entity1 received open-label @entity903 , 10 mg daily for one week, followed by four weeks of @entity903 , 20 mg daily. The @entity1 completed hot-flash daily diaries throughout the study period, and a health-related symptom-assessment questionnaire and a quality-of-life rating scale in the first and sixth week of the study. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 completed the six-week study period. The mean reduction of hot flash frequency was 67% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 56%-79%). The mean reduction in hot flash severity score was 75% (95% CI: 66%-85%). There was a statistically significant improvement in @entity308 , sleep, @entity148 , and quality of life scores. Furthermore, 25 (83%) of the study @entity1 chose to continue @entity903 therapy at the end of study. The most common adverse effect was @entity2147 , resulting in drug discontinuation in two @entity1 , and dose reduction in two @entity1 . One @entity1 discontinued drug due to @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity903 is a promising new treatment for hot flashes in @entity0 survivors, and warrants further evaluation in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

title: A pilot trial assessing the efficacy of XXXX ( @entity903 ) in controlling hot flashes in @entity0 survivors.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'woman', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['Paroxetine hydrochloride', 'paroxetine hydrochloride', 'paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity903 :: (MESH:D017374,Chemical) :: ['paroxetine hydrochloride']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: High ligation and division of the @entity547 sac are the two important steps in open pediatric indirect @entity169 . We describe a laparoscopically assisted method of delivering the @entity547 sac through a 5-mm micro-incision with complete division and high ligation of the @entity547 sac similar to the open repair method. METHOD: A new laparoscopic technique of pediatric @entity169 which allows high ligation, complete division and removal of the indirect inguinal @entity547 sac is described. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 (15 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) underwent laparoscopic @entity169 . The mean age was 40 months. 13 @entity1 had @entity169 . There were no intra-operative complications and at mean follow-up of 6 months, there was 1 recurrence. No other complications ( @entity2737 , suture @entity738 formation, hydrocele) were seen post-operatively. CONCLUSION: This new laparoscopically assisted @entity169 technique combines the advantages of standard open method and laparoscopy. The efficacy of this repair will need confirmation with a longer follow-up and a larger @entity1 series. The effect of traction on cord structure will need to be monitored.

title: Laparoscopically assisted repair of inguinal @entity547 through a micro-incision and extra-peritoneal division and ligation of the XXXX sac.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'bilateral inguinal hernia repair']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: The antiviral effects of recombinant ovine interferon-tau (roIFN-tau) were studied in 26 @entity742 inoculated with @entity49616 (OvLV) or mock-infected. Six of the OvLV-infected @entity742 and three of the mock-infected @entity742 were treated with 10(6) antiviral units (AVU) per kg roIFN-tau daily for 30 days starting at day 0 post-inoculation (p.i.) and twice a week thereafter (early treatment). Six of the OvLV-infected @entity742 and three of the mock-infected @entity742 were treated with 10(6) AVU/kg roIFN-tau daily for 30 days starting at day 150 p.i. and twice a week thereafter (late treatment). Six OvLV-infected and two mock-infected @entity742 were treated either early or late with placebo. Cell-associated viraemia was quantified by an end-point dilution method. The weekly antibody response against OvLV proteins was studied by ELISA. All experimental animals were killed at 27 weeks p.i. and histological sections of lung were scored for the degree of @entity10487 ( @entity10487 ). A 90% reduction in OvLV titres was detected at 4 weeks post-treatment in @entity742 that received early roIFN-tau treatment (P<0.01). Differences in virus titres were also found at weeks 2 and 6 (P<0.05). Scores for @entity10487 degree were higher in infected @entity742 treated with placebo or late roIFN-tau than in the mock-infected @entity742 or in the infected @entity742 that received early roIFN-tau (P<0.05). @entity10487 scores were not different between mock-infected @entity742 and infected @entity742 that received early roIFN-tau. These results indicate that roIFN-tau curtails OvLV replication in vivo and reduces the likelihood of development of lentivirus-induced @entity10487 when infected @entity742 are treated during the initial phases of @entity45301 .

title: Effects of recombinant ovine interferon-tau on XXXX replication and progression of disease.

entities_list: @entity45301 :: ('MESH:D016180', 'Disease') :: ['OvLV infection']

entities_list: @entity10487 :: ('MESH:C562489', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid interstitial pneumonia', 'LIP']

entities_list: @entity49616 :: ('11663', 'Species') :: ['ovine lentivirus']

answer: @entity49616 :: (11663,Species) :: ['ovine lentivirus']


abstract: This review emphasizes the role of a timely supplemental @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) for @entity3124 @entity1 . It contradicts the recommendations of current guidelines to avoid the use of @entity3147 , as it is associated with risk. @entity3124 results in severe metabolic stress. During the early phase, inflammatory cytokines and mediators induce catabolism to meet the increased body energy demands by endogenous sources. This response is not suppressed by exogenous energy administration, and the early use of @entity3147 to reach the energy target leads to overfeeding. On the other hand, early and progressive enteral nutrition (EN) is less likely to cause overfeeding because of variable @entity344 , a factor frequently associated with significant energy deficit. Recent studies demonstrate that adequate feeding is beneficial during and after the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. @entity3147 allows for timely adequate feeding, if sufficient precautions are taken to avoid overfeeding. Indirect calorimetry can precisely define the adequate energy prescription. Our pragmatic approach is to start early EN to progressively test the gut tolerance and add supplemental @entity3147 on day 3 or 4 after ICU admission, only if EN does not meet the measured energy target. We believe that supplemental @entity3147 plays a pivotal role in the achievement of adequate feeding in @entity3124 @entity1 with intolerance to EN and does not cause harm if overfeeding is avoided by careful prescription, ideally based on energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry.

title: Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition Is the Key to Prevent Energy Deficits in @entity3124 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill', 'Critical illness']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tolerance']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN', 'Supplemental PN']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The influence of a pellicle on streptococcal adhesion was studied. A "ripened" two-hour salivary pellicle and an "early" five-minute salivary pellicle were formed on @entity1 enamel and artificial solid substrata with varying surface free-energies. Three strains of oral streptococci, also with widely different surface free-energies, were used for adhesion studies. Pellicle formation and streptococcal adhesion took place at a constant shear rate of 21 s-1. Adhesion of @entity6419 BMS to bare and pellicle-covered enamel was low and not significantly affected by the presence of a pellicle (0.7 x 10(6) and 0.6 x 10(6) cells.cm-2, resp.), whereas the numbers of @entity885 12 and @entity6586 NS adhering to bare enamel (4.2 x 10(6) cells.cm-2 and 13.8 x 10(6) cells, cm-2, resp) were significantly reduced by the presence of a pellicle. This reduction was almost complete after only five minutes of salivary protein adsorption (1.9 x 10(-6) and 1.1 x 10(6) cells.cm-2 for @entity885 and @entity6586 , resp.) but further reduced for @entity885 adhering to a ripened pellicle (0.7 x 10(6) cells.cm-2). The numbers of streptococci adhering at equilibrium to bare enamel could be fitted to a thermodynamically based model, which was previously described for bacterial adhesion to homogenous artificial substrata. Streptococcal adhesion to artificial substrata exposed to saliva was low, and the differences among uncoated materials were markedly reduced even after only five minutes' exposure to saliva.

title: The effects of pellicle formation on streptococcal adhesion to XXXX enamel and artificial substrata with various surface free-energies.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was done to determine the efficacy and ease of administration of education/behavior modification classes, provided by a nurse and a dietitian in a primary care clinic for improving control of @entity6 . METHODS: @entity1 were divided randomly into two groups. Eighteen @entity1 completed 6 months of structured, office-based classes, and 20 similar @entity1 served as control subjects. All were @entity1 of the same group practice and had their usual office visits. Glycemic control, lipid levels, body weight, knowledge about @entity6 , medication requirements, and symptoms were monitored during the 6 months, with follow-up at 12 months. RESULTS: At the end of 6 months, the intervention group had significant reductions in mean fasting blood @entity413 , glycosylated hemoglobin, total @entity165 , and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) values. Their mean body weight was significantly reduced at 12 months, and their knowledge of @entity6 was improved. Control @entity1 had significant improvement only in glycosylated hemoglobin and body weight at 6 months. Minimal physician time was required. CONCLUSION: The education/behavior modification program was clinically worthwhile, and it was easy to administer.

title: Improved control of XXXX : a practical education/behavior modification program in a primary care clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In recent years, many reports have suggested an active role of neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 . Increased numbers of neuropeptide-containing nerves positive for substance @entity10133 ), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and calcium gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been reported in psoriatic tissue. As @entity5144 has a larger mass/volume, however, it is expected to have more nerves and a higher number of neuropeptergic fibers. Therefore, instead of demonstrating a larger number of neuropeptergic fibers, a more significant study is to investigate whether the neuropeptergic fibers are denser in psoriatic tissue. In this study, we applied a double labeled immunofluorescence technique. This method allows the identification of the total number of nerve fibers and the number of nerves positive for specific neuropeptides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained biopsies from nine lesional and seven non-lesional psoriatic skins and six normal controls. Biopsies were snap frozen and then cut into 14 microm cryosections. The tissues were first treated with anti-microtubule associated protein (MAP)2 antibody to stain the nerves. This was followed by a second set of stainings for SP, VIP, and CGRP. Primary antibodies were used in dilutions of 1:200 for anti-MAP2, 1:200 for anti-SP, 1:800 for anti-VIP, and 1:400 for anti-CGRP. RESULTS: We found that the percentage of SP-positive fibers was twofold greater and the percentage of CGRP-positive fibers was 2.5 times greater in the @entity5144 than in the epidermis of normal skin. Psoriatic epidermis had 30.1 +/- 3.9% SP-positive nerve fibers compared with 15.7 +/- 3.7% in the normal control. The corresponding values for CGRP-positive nerve fibers were 30.1 +/- 3.9% and 12.0 +/- 4.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that SP- and CGRP-containing neuropeptide nerve fibers are more dense in the @entity5144 . Both SP and CGRP are chemotactic to neutrophils and mitogenic to keratinocytes and endothelial cells. In addition, SP activates T lymphocytes and induces adhesion molecules on the endothelial cells. Our observations suggest that neuropeptides may play a significant role in the inflammatory and proliferative process of @entity1569 .

title: Double-labeled immunofluorescence study of cutaneous nerves in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic epidermis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differentiating acute benign from neoplastic @entity3814 can pose a problem in differential diagnosis on routine MR sequences, as signal changes can be quite similar. Our purpose was to assess the value of increasing the diffusion weighting of a diffusion-weighted steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence for differentiating these two types of @entity3814 . METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with 32 acute @entity3814 caused by @entity170 (n = 15) or @entity5 (n = 17) were examined with a diffusion-weighted SSFP sequence, a T1-weighted spin-echo sequence, and a short-inversion-time inversion recovery sequence. The SSFP sequence was performed with increased diffusion weighting (delta = 0.6, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 ms). The signal intensities of the fractured vertebral bodies were rated on a five-point scale from markedly hypointense to markedly hyperintense relative to normal adjacent vertebral bodies. Quantitative analysis was performed by region-of-interest measurements and by calculating the bone marrow contrast ratio. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann Whitney U test and Student's t test. RESULTS: At delta = 3 ms, the @entity3604 yielded hypointense signal in seven cases, isointense signal in six, and hyperintense signal in two. The @entity174 showed a progressive signal loss with increased diffusion weighting, so that hypointensity was reached in all but one case. All metastatic @entity174 had hyperintense signal with delta = 3 and 6.0 ms. With delta = 9.0 ms, four @entity174 became isointense. CONCLUSION: Increasing diffusion weighting can reduce false-positive hyperintense @entity3604 or @entity5516 more obvious in cases of @entity3604 .

title: Diagnostic value of increased diffusion weighting of a steady-state free precession sequence for differentiating XXXX from pathologic @entity3814 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['make hypointensity']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['acute benign osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether a @entity3603 ( @entity3603 ) can provide simultaneous detection of anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG), anti-deamidated gliadin (DG) and total IgA antibodies, as required in the work-up of @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1593 @entity1 (n=111) consecutively diagnosed from 2001 to 2011 at the @entity1 's Hospital and Institute of Immunology (Technical University Dresden) were tested for anti-tTG, anti-DG and total IgA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and @entity3603 retrospectively. Blood donors (n=45) and non- @entity1593 individuals with low IgA serum levels (n=8) were included as controls. Antibodies to endomysial antigens (EmA) were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). RESULTS: Four (3.6%) of 111 @entity1593 @entity1 demonstrated an @entity7491 with total IgA below 50 mg/L by ELISA. Total IgA of the 107 IgA-non-deficient @entity1593 @entity1 varied from 70 to 6000 mg/L. All four IgA-deficient @entity1593 @entity1 were detected by a reduced reaction control of @entity3603 and demonstrated positive anti-tTG or anti-DG IgG by @entity3603 or ELISA. Detection of anti-tTG and anti-DG by @entity3603 and ELISA showed a very good agreement (IgA: k=0.972, 0.856, respectively; IgG: 0.921, 0.895, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Immunodot assay is a reliable and easy-to-use technique for the detection of IgA-deficient @entity1593 @entity1 . Simultaneous assessment of anti-tTG and anti-DG IgA antibodies, and @entity7491 by @entity3603 can improve the efficacy of @entity1593 serology.

title: A new XXXX for simultaneous detection of celiac specific antibodies and @entity7491 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity7491 :: ('MESH:D017098', 'Disease') :: ['IgA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'Celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity3603 :: ('MESH:C562924', 'Disease') :: ['dot immunoassay', 'DIA']

answer: @entity3603 :: (MESH:C562924,Disease) :: ['dot immunoassay']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity1 treated for @entity978 with chemotherapy or with the association of chemotherapy and radiotherapy have an increased risk of @entity1778 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the leukemogenic risk due to these treatment modalities. METHODS: We performed a case-control study on a population of 1410 @entity1 treated for @entity978 from 1970 to 1990 in our Institute. Among these @entity1 , we identified 25 cases of @entity1778 and 3 cases of @entity2590 , all occurring more than one year after the diagnosis of @entity978 . Three cases occurred among the @entity1 treated with radiotherapy alone. When we analyzed the risk in relation to the type of treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or both), the comparisons were relative to @entity1 treated with radiotherapy alone. RESULTS: We found that chemotherapy alone is associated with a fivefold increased risk (odds ratio = 5.4) compared with radiotherapy alone. When both treatments are used, the risk is not further increased (odds ratio = 4.4). @entity1 receiving more than 6 courses of chemotherapy have an excess risk (relative risk = 2.5) compared with those treated with 6 courses or less. No increased risk was observed after splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms an increased incidence of @entity1778 occurring in @entity1 treated for @entity978 . The increased risk seems to be correlated with the number of courses of alkylating agent therapy, whereas it is unaffected by the addition of radiotherapy.

title: XXXX following treatment for @entity978 .

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['secondary leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Secondary leukemia']


abstract: @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) from @entity6329 @entity6329 has a 50 @entity535 insert (residues 90-139) in the small domain that is found in only one other @entity1382 . A deletion mutant was constructed which lacked the entire insert, thereby reducing the small domain to the size found in @entity526 @entity1382 . This mutant did not catalyze the formation of @entity1597 . From the crystal structure of @entity6329 @entity1382 , we surmised that the loss of activity might have resulted from the exposure of residues of helices C and D, which were previously buried by the insert. To restore the local structure of helices C and D in the deletion mutants, we replaced several residues in this region by the corresponding residues found in @entity526 @entity1382 . The mutant whose sequence most closely resembled that of @entity526 @entity1382 carried six mutations and possessed partially restored @entity1382 activity. The mutant which had all those mutations except F87D did not catalyze any @entity1597 formation. The crucial role of F87D was proven in a deletion mutant which had only this change and showed greatly increased activity. All of the mutants catalyzed the debromination of BrdUMP in the absence of cofactor about as well as wild type @entity1382 . The kinetic parameters for @entity1597 formation of the active mutants show that the deletion has its major effect on kcat and binding of cofactor @entity26206 , with less effect on binding of the substrate @entity22991 . Removal of residues 90-139 is believed to disorder helices C and D, which in turn decreases cofactor binding and catalysis.

title: Partial restoration of activity to @entity6329 XXXX thymidylate synthase following inactivation by domain deletion.

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['Thymidylate synthase', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6329 :: ('1582', 'Species') :: ['L. casei', 'Lactobacillus', 'casei']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity6329 :: (1582,Species) :: ['casei']


abstract: In western countries, 60% of all @entity5 diagnosed in @entity1 between 17-45 years of age are @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ). @entity2971 arise from the common precursor lesion @entity189 in situ, which transforms within an average of 9 years into invasive Type-II GCTs. @entity4797 are considered to be the default developmental pathway of @entity189 in situ cells and the @entity4797 -like cell line TCam-2 has been used to study @entity4797 biology in vitro. However, the generation of an animal model, which would allow for the in vivo analysis of @entity4797 formation, remained elusive. We applied transplantation approaches using TCam-2 cell transfer into ectopic (skin, brain) and orthopic (testis) sites of immunodeficient @entity19 . We demonstrate that a transplantation into the seminiferous tubules results in formation of a @entity2735 . In contrast, TCam-2 cells adopt an @entity189 -like fate when grafted to the flank or corpus striatum and display downregulation of the @entity4797 marker @entity25235 and upregulation of the @entity189 markers @entity14231 and @entity34332 . Grafted TCam-2 cells reduce AKT-, ERK-, @entity27129 -, and @entity1886 / @entity1886 -signaling to levels comparable to @entity189 cells. Hence, TCam-2 cell transplantation into the testis generated a @entity2735 @entity19 model, which enables addressing the biology of these @entity5 in vivo. The fact that TCam-2 cells give rise to a @entity2735 or @entity189 in a transplantation site specific manner implies that conversion of @entity2735 to an @entity189 does not require additional genetic aberrations but relies on signals from the @entity5 -microenvironment.

title: Establishment of a XXXX model indicates cellular plasticity of germ cell @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ/seminoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['GCT', 'germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['Seminomas', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['versatile seminoma']


abstract: @entity1086 is a highly aggressive @entity5 that usually presents at an advanced incurable stage. It is the fifth most common @entity4056 and leads to approximately 2800 deaths in United States annually. This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, a 650-bed super speciality hospital in Kashmir valley. We reviewed the histopathological records of all the @entity1 who were diagnosed as @entity1086 from Dec 2009-Dec 2013. Gross findings and histopathological findings were noted from the departmental archival material and clinical records of the @entity1 including the clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, radiological investigations, pre-operative diagnosis and intra-operative findings, were retrieved from the hospital records. We analyzed 57 cases of @entity1086 for their clinicopathological features It included 19 males and 37 females. In our study, @entity420 accounted for 87.5% of total @entity189 . Incidentally, all but one @entity1 where @entity5990 were found, @entity420 were seen. We have 4 @entity1 of @entity957 . In our series we have a single case of @entity4153 which was positive for neuroendocrine markers. In our study, @entity5990 were seen only in 8 cases (14%) of the total cases.

title: Clinicopathological Spectrum Of Gall Bladder XXXX In Kashmir - An Institutional Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-intestinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gall stones']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder cancer', 'carcinoma gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: @entity35616 ( @entity35616 ) is a major acute-phase protein synthesized and secreted mainly by the liver. In response to acute @entity32 , its expression may be induced up to 1,000-fold, primarily as a result of a 200-fold increase in the rate of @entity35616 gene transcription. We have previously demonstrated that a 350-bp promoter fragment from the @entity19 @entity30928 gene was necessary and sufficient to confer liver-specific and cytokine-induced expression. Deletion studies identified a distal response element that is responsible for the cytokine response and has properties of an inducible transcriptional enhancer. In this study, we further analyzed the distal response element and showed that it consists of three functionally distinct elements: the A element constitutes a weak binding site for C/EBP family proteins, the B element also interacts with C/EBP family proteins but with a much higher binding affinity, and the C element interacts with a novel constitutive nuclear factor, SEF-1. Site-specific mutation studies revealed that all three elements were required for maximum promoter activity. @entity16509 , @entity19775 , and @entity44758 were capable of interacting with elements A and B. Under noninduced conditions, @entity16509 was the major binding factor; however, upon cytokine stimulation @entity47303 -binding activities were dramatically increased and became the predominant binding factors. Consistent with these binding studies were the cotransfection experiments in which @entity47303 were shown to be potent transactivators for the @entity30928 promoter. Moreover, the transactivation required an intact B element despite the presence of other functional C/EBP-binding sites. Interestingly, although element C did not interact with C/EBP directly, it was nevertheless required for maximum transactivation by @entity44758 . Our studies thus demonstrate that both C/EBP family proteins and SEF-1 are required to transactivate the @entity30928 gene.

title: Induction of the mouse XXXX gene by cytokines requires both C/EBP family proteins and a novel constitutive nuclear factor.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity47303 :: ('12608;12609', 'Gene') :: ['C/EBP beta and C/EBP delta', 'C/EBP beta- and C/EBP delta']

answer: @entity30928 :: (20210(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['serum amyloid A3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical and animal studies suggest that @entity75 may regulate aggressive behavior; however, the @entity750 /violence hypothesis has not been assessed at the epidemiological level. For study of an epidemiological sample we examined blood @entity750 , because certain physiological and behavioral findings suggested that it might serve as an analog marker for serotonergic function. METHODS: Whole blood @entity750 was measured in a representative birth cohort of 781 21-year-old @entity1 (47%) and @entity1 (53%). Violence was measured using cumulative court conviction records and @entity1 ' self-reports. Potential intervening factors addressed were: gender, age, diurnal variation, diet, @entity146 medications, illicit drug history, season of phlebotomy, plasma @entity2340 , platelet count, body mass, suicide attempts, @entity146 diagnoses, @entity167 , @entity286 , socioeconomic status, IQ, and overall criminal offending. RESULTS: Whole blood @entity750 related to violence among @entity1 but not @entity1 . Violent @entity1 's mean blood @entity750 level was 0.48 SD above the male population norm and 0.56 SD above the mean of nonviolent @entity1 . The finding was specific to violence, as opposed to general crime, and it was robust across two different methods of measuring violence. Together, the intervening variables accounted for 25% of the relation between blood @entity750 and violence. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that an index of serotonergic function is related to violence in the general population.

title: Whole blood XXXX relates to violence in an epidemiological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain serotonergic systems']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: @entity135 locally recurrent after previous irradiation and surgery presents a difficult management problem. Conventional treatment alternatives include chemotherapy, reirradiation with interstitial implant, and @entity221 . Reirradiation with external beam is generally not considered because of previous high radiation dose and limited tissue tolerance. In this study, 21 @entity1 with recurrent and previously @entity135 were treated in a Phase I-II fashion. @entity1 received 5 days of @entity1487 , 300 mg/m2/day IV bolus, @entity1862 1.5 or 2 g/day by mouth and external beam radiation therapy every 2 weeks for up to four courses. Of 20 evaluable @entity1 , 9 have attained a complete response (CR) and 6 a partial response (PR). Fifteen @entity1 completed all planned therapy, eight on time, seven @entity1 with delays. With a median follow-up of 7 months, 13 @entity1 are alive, 7 disease-free (3 after salvage surgery) and 6 with recurrence. Eight @entity1 have died. The 1-year survival is 56%. Treatment @entity137 was mainly @entity1398 . No major early or late radiation related side effects have been observed at a median follow-up of 7 months. Neither previous radiation dose, time since first radiation, prior chemotherapy, or site of recurrence was predictive of response or treatment tolerance. @entity1 with a performance status of at least 80 had a significant higher CR rate, with 7/10 @entity1 in this group, as compared to 2/10 @entity1 in @entity1 with a performance status less than 80, achieving a CR. Reirradiation with @entity1487 and @entity1862 is a well tolerated outpatient treatment program for @entity1 with recurrent and previous @entity135 that produces a high response rate and can provide significant palliation of symptoms.

title: Treatment of recurrent @entity135 with XXXX , @entity1862 , and reirradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck cancer', 'irradiated head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea', 'hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that breathing and relaxation therapy may influence @entity299 in @entity1 after acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The authors studied the effects of breathing and relaxation therapy on rates of @entity299 and cost effectiveness in past @entity583 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 (n = 156) were chosen randomly to receive either exercise training plus relaxation therapy (relaxation group; n = 76) or exercise training only (control group; n = 80). The occurrence of major @entity299 and cardiac rehospitalizations in the two treatment groups was compared. RESULTS: At 5-year follow-up, 12 @entity204 had occurred, 5 in the relaxation group and 7 in the control group, reinfarction occurred in 10 and 12 @entity1 , and cardiac surgery was performed in 2 and 11, respectively. In total, 15 (20%) and 26 (33%) @entity1 , respectively, experienced at least one @entity299 (odds ratio [OR] for the relaxation group: 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29-1.05; adjusted for risk factors OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.99). Regarding all cardiac rehospitalizations, in the relaxation group, 30 @entity1 (39%) had experienced 52 @entity299 , for which the @entity1 were hospitalized for a total of 476 days. In the control group, 38 @entity1 (48%) had experienced 78 @entity299 (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.38-1.36), comprising 719 days of hospitalization. The total number of hospitalizations was reduced by 31% as a result of relaxation instruction. CONCLUSIONS: In the long-term, the disease course after @entity583 is influenced favorably by giving relaxation therapy in addition to cardiac rehabilitation. The extra costs of the therapy are compensated by a decrease in hospitalization for cardiac problems.

title: Effect of relaxation therapy on XXXX after @entity583 : a 5-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: It has been reported that cases of @entity43 those with epithelial cytological atypia have potential for malignant transformation. This study was planned to determine the incidence of @entity46 and its cytological criteria, to evaluate the malignant potential of @entity46 via immunohistochemical methods ( @entity876 ). In this study we evaluated 140 samples obtained from 120 cases of @entity43 that have been previously diagnosed histopathologically. We re-evaluated @entity46 cases with respect to their epithelial and stromal features, existence of acute or chronic inflammatory cells in endometriotic epithelium or stroma and other accompanying histological findings. We observed atypia in 7 (5.8%) cases; reactive atypia in 37 (30.8%) cases, no atypia in 76 (63.4%) cases. We evaluated immunohistochemical @entity876 expression in 7 atypical cases, 37 reactive atypical cases, and in 10 of those without atypia and in 10 @entity4348 cases. We noted no staining in cases with atypia, reactive atypia and without atypia while 3 cases of @entity4348 had positive staining for @entity876 . We concluded that prominent nucleolus and angulation of nuclear contour could be added to criteria of atypia that were mentioned before in the literature. In our study, even though @entity876 expression could not be shown with immunohistochemical methods in atypical endometriotic cases; it can not be determined that @entity46 lesions are not premalignant. Still, @entity46 cases should be evaluated carefully by the pathologist for foci of cytological atypia and it should be kept in mind that malignant transformation might occur in these @entity46 cases.

title: Atypical epithelial changes and mutant XXXX gene expression in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriosis', 'ovarian endometriosis and 10 ovarian endometrioid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis', 'atypical endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 63-year-old @entity1 was hospitalized because of his worsening general condition and @entity353 . Physical examination revealed marked @entity1513 with @entity73 of his back and restricted walking because of @entity158 in the right hip. He also had other @entity158 . INVESTIGATIONS: Serum @entity460 was reduced (1.60 mmol/l) and there was generalized @entity79 . Subsequently an increased parathormone ( @entity461 ) level was noted (499.0 ng/l) as well as markedly increased activity of enzymes involved in bone metabolism, decreased renal excretion of @entity6546 (4.76 mmol/24 h) and multiple pathological @entity174 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: The listed abnormalities indicated the diagnosis of @entity9474 ( @entity9474 ), type 1 b. After treatment had been started with @entity560 ( @entity3873 2 x 0.25 micrograms/d) and @entity460 ( @entity10041 , 3 x 500 mg/d), the levels of @entity460 , @entity461 and enzymes in bone metabolism gradually became normal. A @entity231 operation had to be performed because of @entity730 of the lens. CONCLUSION: The level of @entity461 should be determined in @entity1 with extensive @entity79 and hypocalcaemia. If @entity461 is raised, @entity9474 should be included in the differential diagnosis. Normalization of serum @entity460 by @entity460 substitution and @entity560 administration will normalize @entity461 and improve mineralization of the skeleton. In this way the debilitating effects of osteodystrophia cystica generalisata (OCG) (Engel von @entity1264 ) can be prevented. Also, the consequences of extraosseous @entity730 , such as extrapyramidal symptoms of @entity730 of the brain-stem ganglia can be avoided if treated in time.

title: [A 63-year-old @entity1 with worsening general condition, XXXX , hypocalcemia and excess @entity461 : late manifestations of pseudohypohyperparathyroidism].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity9474 :: ('MESH:D011547', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohypoparathyroidism', 'PHP']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired mobility']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['Recklinghausen syndrome']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone demineralization']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pains', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone demineralization']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant @entity1261 ( @entity7420 ) has been suggested as a treatment for certain varieties of @entity1398 , but little is known about the pharmacologic disposition of @entity7420 in that population. METHODS: Ten neutropenic neonates were treated with @entity7420 , 10 micrograms/kg intravenously once daily for 3 to 5 days. Serum and urine samples were obtained before @entity7420 dosing and at intervals thereafter for @entity1261 quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Five of the neutropenic neonates (termed group 1) were not infected but likely had hyporegenerative @entity1398 (4 were born after pregnancy-induced @entity101 /intrauterine growth restriction, and 1 had @entity2142 ). Five other @entity1 (group 2) had @entity1398 accompanying @entity2348 . Before receiving the first dose of @entity7420 , endogenous @entity1261 serum and urine concentrations were relatively low in group 1, averaging 130 pg/mL (range: 48-209) in serum and 53 pg/mL (range: 15-141) in urine. Serum concentrations immediately before the final dose were much higher (range: 81-24 835 pg/mL), whereas urine concentrations were unchanged (range: <7 pg/mL-126 pg/mL). In group 2 @entity1 , before receiving the first-dose of @entity7420 , endogenous concentrations were very high, averaging 59 575 pg/mL (range: 20 028-98 280) in serum and 3189 pg/mL (range: 23-4770) in urine. Predose serum concentrations before the final dose (range: 427-14 460 pg/mL) were lower than before the first dose. The area under the concentration curve after the first dose of @entity7420 administration in group 1 was significantly lower than after the first dose in group 2, but no difference in area under the concentration curve was observed between groups 1 and 2 after the last dose of @entity7420 . SPECULATION: The principal means of clearing @entity1261 from the serum is by saturable binding to specific @entity1261 receptors ( @entity1261 -Rs). Therefore, the very high @entity1261 serum and urine concentrations of group 2 @entity1 before the first @entity7420 dose implies that their @entity1261 -Rs were saturated before the dose was given. We speculate that if @entity1261 -Rs are saturated with endogenous @entity1261 , treatment with @entity7420 will add little or nothing to the granulocytopoietic effort. On this basis, we judge that neonates with @entity326 and @entity1398 are unlikely to derive benefit from @entity7420 administration.

title: XXXX serum and urine concentrations in neutropenic neonates before and after intravenous administration of recombinant @entity1261 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial sepsis and shock']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neonatal neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['Rh hemolytic disease']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: To gain information about the mechanism of @entity6545 -promoted strand exchange reactions in genetic recombination, we have investigated the environment of and interactions between DNA strands accommodated in complexes with @entity6545 protein. DNA bound in different sites in the @entity6545 filament was tested by adding stoichiometric amounts of DNAs of variable base compositions. For this purpose, @entity13986 labeled by fluorescent @entity4624 ( @entity12847 ), which binds covalently to N-6 of @entity5536 , was used. The fluorescence intensity, anisotropy, and quenching by @entity3323 provide information about the DNA environment in the complexes with @entity6545 . In the absence of extra DNA, binding of @entity6545 to @entity12847 -poly(dA) only slightly affects both the intensity of the @entity12847 fluorescence and the accessibility of @entity12847 to @entity3323 . However, a strongly increased fluorescence anisotropy shows that the mobility of the @entity12847 fluorophore is restricted in the @entity6545 complex. Binding of a second and third single-stranded DNA to the @entity6545 . @entity12847 - @entity13986 complex reduces the fluorescence intensity in a manner that depends on base complementarity. The change is large when the second and third DNAs are poly(dT), i.e. complementary to the already bound poly(dA) strand. In such a complex, the accessibility of @entity12847 to quencher is also reduced. When @entity12847 -poly(dA) was added as the second or third DNA in the @entity6545 filament, the fluorescence intensity became smaller when the earlier bound DNA was complementary to the added DNA. These results indicate that all three DNA strands are interacting with each other in the @entity6545 filament. @entity12847 -modified poly(dA) forms a duplex with poly(dT), whereupon the fluorescence of @entity12847 is strongly decreased. Binding of @entity6545 to this duplex DNA increases the @entity12847 fluorescence, suggesting a destabilization of the duplex. Finally, we also find indications of base complementary interactions between single-stranded and double-stranded DNAs bound to the @entity6545 filament.

title: Interactions between DNA molecules bound to XXXX filament. Effects of base complementarity.

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity4624 :: ('CHEBI:30614', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrenediol epoxide']

answer: @entity6545 :: (5888,Gene) :: ['RecA']


abstract: Thirty-eight coronary care units (CCUs) in France participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study to assess the efficacy of @entity8726 , a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with potent anti-platelet activity ( @entity3880 ), in the prevention and recurrence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and reocclusion of the @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) in @entity1 successfully treated for acute @entity583 by thrombolysis and/or coronary angioplasty within 6 h of onset of symptoms. A coronary angiogram was performed within the first 24 h to confirm successful reperfusion. Two hundred and thirty-three @entity1 (group 1) were randomly allocated to @entity8726 50 mg twice daily and 228 @entity1 (group 2) to placebo. All @entity1 complied with the entry criteria, and drug treatment was commenced within 48 h of @entity583 . @entity1 were assessed at 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months, data being recorded on major clinical events and survival status. Overall mortality was low (1.1%) and similar for both groups, confirming the benefit of early reperfusion therapy. The reinfarction rate documented during the 6-month follow-up was 3% (7/233) in group 1 and 10.5% (24/228) in group 2 (P < 0.001). The need for coronary angioplasty and/or coronary bypass graft was decreased by 51% (group 1: 39/233 = 17%; group 2: 75/228 = 33%) (P < 0.001). Coronary angiogram at 6 months showed a similar reocclusion rate between treatments. @entity8726 appears to be an effective drug for the prevention of reinfarction after coronary reperfusion and in reducing the need for secondary revascularization procedures. It may offer advantages over @entity117 , but comparable efficacy remains to be established.

title: Evaluation of XXXX for prevention of reinfarction and reocclusion after successful thrombolysis or angioplasty in @entity583 . The @entity8726 French Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'IRA']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen', 'Flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity8726 :: (MESH:D005480,Chemical) :: ['flurbiprofen']


abstract: To evaluate @entity604 in the early- and late-stage @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) @entity1 using posteroanterior (PA) and lateral lumbar and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) measurement methods. Eighty-six @entity1691 @entity1 and 50 control subjects were enrolled. PA spine, lateral spine, and femur BMD values of @entity1 and controls were measured. The presence of any syndesmophytes or compression @entity174 was determined. @entity1 were divided as early (<10 years) and late stage (>= 10 years) according to the onset of the @entity158 . Mean PA spinal BMD was similar in @entity1 and controls (p = 0.460). Femoral and lateral spine BMD values were significantly lower in @entity1 (p = 0.012 and p = 0.001). When comparing early- and late-stage @entity1691 groups, mean PA spinal BMD was found to be lower in the early group (p = 0.005), while femoral and lateral spinal values were lower (although statistically not significant) in the late group. At least one compression @entity174 was present in 28 % of @entity1 . Although not statistically significant, mean PA spinal BMD was higher in those with @entity174 . Femoral and lateral spinal BMD values were significantly lower in the @entity174 group (p = 0.034 and p = 0.004). Lateral spinal BMD values were significantly lower in @entity1 with syndesmophytes (p = 0.004). @entity604 is increased in @entity1691 compared with control subjects. The BMD measurement at the lateral lumbar spine reflects @entity604 and @entity174 risk better than PA spine and femoral measurements.

title: Comparison of PA spine, lateral spine, and femoral BMD measurements to determine XXXX in @entity1691 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: @entity5000 is the most common @entity2971 in young @entity1 . The management of @entity5 challenges the gynecologic oncologist to achieve maximal survival, while maintaining childbearing potential. Radiation therapy has been extremely successful in curing @entity5000 , but ovarian conservation is usually not possible. In contrast, various chemotherapeutic regimens have achieved high cure rates with continued ovarian function. Diagnosing recurrent @entity5000 promptly so that salvage therapy can be initiated is important when conservative management has been employed. While @entity160 and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin have proven useful as @entity5 markers in some types of germ cell @entity5 , they have not been useful in @entity1 with @entity5000 . Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are known to be elevated in some @entity1 with @entity5000 . We treated a @entity1 with Stage IIIC @entity5000 whose initial serum LDH level was markedly elevated. After unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, followed by four cycles of VAC chemotherapy, her LDH level returned to normal. Her LDH level rose with disease recurrence and returned to normal again with salvage BEP chemotherapy. This is the first report to document the utility of serial LDH measurements in detecting disease recurrence in @entity1 with @entity43 .

title: Serum lactic dehydrogenase as a XXXX marker in @entity5000 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dysgerminoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced-stage dysgerminoma', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['Dysgerminoma', 'dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the local control rate and potential complications of radiotherapy, and the factors influencing response to radiotherapy for primary and locally recurrent @entity2968 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty @entity1 were irradiated for @entity2968 between 1983 and 1993. Fourteen @entity1 received radiotherapy at the time of primary diagnosis (10 had biopsy and 4 partial surgery) and 6 @entity1 at the time of local recurrence (following additional surgery in 2). Fourteen @entity1 had @entity5 of the extremity and six of the vertebral column. The radiotherapy dose ranged from 40-60 Gy in 15-30 fractions over 3-6 weeks. The response to radiotherapy was assessed by clinical and radiological criteria and the probable factors influencing response were analyzed. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 48 months (range, 4 months to 13 years). Local control was obtained in 18/20 @entity1 . The two local failures were salvaged, one by reirradiation and the other by surgery. Only one @entity1 died of @entity2967 , following extensive @entity236 . There was no serious late @entity137 or malignant transformation. The response to radiotherapy was not influenced by disease status at presentation, @entity5 site, radiotherapy schedule, or presence of soft tissue extension. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy is effective in producing local control in primary as well as recurrent @entity2968 . There are no major complications and no significant risk of malignant transformation. Radiotherapy could be considered as the primary treatment modality in @entity1 where surgery would produce functional deficits.

title: Radiation therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow infiltration']

answer: @entity2968 :: (MESH:D018212,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumor of bone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existence of vestibular irritation with video-oculography before and after stapes surgery and to examine whether there would be signs of specific end-organ irritation. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of preoperative and postoperative @entity346 , vertigo, and hearing thresholds. SETTING: University hospital, tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Thirty-three @entity1 (mean age, 47 yr) with @entity8719 . INTERVENTION: Stapedotomy/stapedectomy with laser or microdrill. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Spontaneous, gaze-evoked, and @entity346 was measured preoperatively and approximately 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the operation. Three dimensions of @entity346 were identified and their slow-phase velocities were calculated. RESULTS: Spontaneous horizontal @entity346 was found preoperatively in 18% (slow-phase velocities, 1.3-3.3 deg/s) and postoperatively in 11 to 19% of the @entity1 (slow-phase velocities, 1.3-3.8 deg/s). Head-shaking @entity346 was not detected preoperatively. After the operation, 11 to 15% of the @entity1 had @entity346 (slow-phase velocities, 6.6-17.8 deg/s), but this prevalence did not differ statistically significantly from the preoperative level (p = 0.18). @entity346 was found equally pre- and postoperatively. Torsional @entity346 was not found. One week after the operation, nine @entity1 (27%) had some sensation of vertigo, but it lasted over 1 month in only one @entity1 . We found no significant correlation with vertigo and the types of @entity346 . CONCLUSION: Nystagmus with a low slow-phase velocity can occur in @entity1 with @entity8719 . However, according to the video-oculographic findings and subjective symptoms, significant @entity394 seems to be rare and temporary after stapes surgery.

title: Video-oculography findings in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['Vertical nystagmus', 'head-shaking nystagmus', 'nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

answer: @entity8719 :: (MESH:D010040,Disease) :: ['otosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Helsinki Heart Study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial among 4081 dyslipidemic middle-aged @entity1 to test the efficacy of @entity8445 in the prevention of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). After the 5-year trial, the @entity1 were notified of their treatment group and invited to continue or start @entity8445 therapy free of charge through 1995. Approximately two thirds of @entity1 in both groups chose @entity8445 therapy. In this 18-year follow-up through 2000, we compared the @entity301 , @entity5 , and all-cause mortality among subjects in the original @entity8445 (OG) group (n = 2046) with those in the original placebo (OP) group (n = 2035). METHODS: To provide an overview of the absolute risks in the 2 treatment groups as well as risk differences between them, we calculated crude mortality rates and presented Kaplan-Meier plots of survival with log-rank tests. We also estimated the relative risks (RRs) using Cox proportional hazards models with and without covariates. RESULTS: During the follow-up until 1995, subjects in the OG group had a 32% lower RR of @entity301 mortality (P = .03) compared with those in the OP group, and when followed up until 2000, the RR was 23% lower (P = .05). Overall, there were no differences in all-cause or @entity5 mortality. However, those in the OG group with both body mass index and @entity412 level in the highest tertiles had a 71% lower RR of @entity301 mortality (P<.001), a 33% lower RR of all-cause mortality (P = .03), and a 36% lower RR of @entity5 mortality (P = .22) compared with those in the OP group. CONCLUSION: Long-term mortality follow-up showed that @entity1 with @entity2299 benefited from beginning treatment with @entity8445 early, especially if their @entity2299 entailed factors related to the @entity209 .

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity2299 : an 18-year mortality follow-up of the Helsinki Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

answer: @entity8445 :: (MESH:D015248,Chemical) :: ['Gemfibrozil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gaining and maintaining spinal balance after surgery is of great importance for @entity1635 ( @entity1635 ). However, tendency of balance on the coronal plane after growing rod surgery has not been studied before. This study evaluated the effect of growing rod treatment on coronal balance (CB) during serial lengthening surgeries in @entity1635 . METHODS: All @entity1635 @entity1 treated with growing rod technique in our hospital from August 2002 to June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographic data before the sixth lengthening surgery were measured on the posteroanterior X- @entity16039 images, including global CB (C7 plumbline-central sacral vertical line, C7PL-CSVL), regional CB (apical vertebrae-CSVL), Cobb angle of the main curve and pelvic inlet width (PIW). Global CB index and regional CB index were calculated as dividing global CB and regional CB by PIW, respectively. The changes of these parameters during repeated lengthening surgeries were analyzed. RESULTS: Five hundred seventy Radiographs of 67 @entity1 , including 134 images before and after growing rod insertion surgeries and 436 images pre- and post-lengthening surgeries were measured. Global CB and global CB index did not show significant differences between every two set points during lengthening procedures (P > 0.05). The percentage of @entity1 with C7PL-CSVL distance more than 20 mm roughly ranged from 30 to 45 % during the lengthening process. With regards to regional CB and main curve Cobb angles, there were significant differences between every two adjacent set points during the first five lengthening surgeries (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Global CB did not significantly change during serial lengthening surgeries and C7PL-CSVL distances of greater than 20 mm comprised of over one third of @entity1 during growing rod treatment. However, worsening regional CB and Cobb angles of the main curve during lengthening intervals were corrected by lengthening manipulation and maintained at a stable level.

title: The effect of growing Rod treatment on coronal balance during serial lengthening surgeries in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['EOS', 'early onset scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['early onset scoliosis']


abstract: AIM: With an increasing array of treatment modalities available for @entity694 , it is increasingly important to stage @entity5 accurately to allocate the appropriate management. This study evaluated the accuracy of mini-probe endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in assigning clinical stage to @entity694 . METHOD: An electronic search was performed in January 2013 using the Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. This was supplemented by a hand search of published abstracts from scientific meetings. Trials evaluating the accuracy of the mini-probe EUS compared with histopathological grade in determining the clinical stage of @entity694 were included in this pooled analysis. The main outcome measures included accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for T and N staging. RESULTS: Ten studies were identified which compared the mini-probe EUS staging of 642 @entity694 with the histopathological specimen. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for staging were 0.91 and 0.98 for T1 @entity5 , 0.78 and 0.94 for T2 @entity5 , 0.97 and 0.90 for @entity5 and 0.63 and 0.82 for nodal staging. Eight per cent of @entity6493 @entity5 were upstaged to @entity5 and 5% of @entity5 were downstaged. CONCLUSION: Mini-probe EUS is highly effective for assigning clinical stage in @entity694 and in identifying @entity1 who may be suitable for nonsurgical treatment including neoadjuvant chemotherapy or endoscopic resection.

title: Mini-probe ultrasonography for the staging of XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'T3/T4 tumours']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon or rectal cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: The addition of long-chain @entity1474 (LCP: C20, and C22) to @entity1 formula may permit @entity844 accretion rates similar to breast-fed @entity1 , and may have long-term outcome benefits, such as improved visual acuity and cognitive development. Although fish oil may provide a source of n-3 LCP, sources of n-6 LCP have been more difficult to identify. The present study evaluates the effects of n-3 and n-6 LCP derived from single-cell oils on liver, plasma, and brain @entity844 levels in a neonatal animal model. Newborn @entity35 pups were suckled for 14 d by dams receiving diets containing n-3 LCP alone or combinations of n-3 LCP and increasing doses of @entity4722 (18:2n-6) or @entity1426 (20:4n-6). Dietary groups received 2% n-3 LCP and 1, 2, or 5% of either 18:2n-6 or 20:4n-6. The 20:4n-6 source also contained modest levels of 18:2n-6. At the termination of the study, liver, plasma, and brain were obtained from the @entity35 pups and the phospholipid @entity844 profiles determined. The results indicate complex interactions of n-3 and n-6 @entity1718 . Groups receiving dietary 20:4n-6 incorporated higher levels of n-6 LCP into tissues than did the groups receiving 18:2n-6. The brain was relatively resistant to changes in @entity844 composition compared with the liver and plasma. As expected, tissue n-3 LCP levels were reciprocally related to n-6 levels. The present results document that single-cell LCP oils are bioavailable in a neonatal animal model. The use of 20:4n-6 is a more effective means of supporting n-6 status than the use of 18:2n-6. These results may have implications for the addition of LCP to @entity1 formula.

title: Interaction of n-3 long-chain XXXX with n-6 fatty acids in suckled @entity35 pups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Robust markers of invasiveness may help reduce the overtreatment of in situ @entity189 . @entity0 is a heterogeneous disease and biological mechanisms for @entity105 vary between subtypes. Stratification by subtype is therefore necessary in order to identify relevant and robust signatures of invasive disease. We have identified miRNA alterations during @entity0 progression in two separate datasets and used stratification and external validation to strengthen the findings. We analysed two separate datasets (METABRIC and @entity11849 ) consisting of a total of 186 normal breast tissue samples, 18 @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and 1338 invasive @entity0 . Validation in a separate dataset and stratification by molecular subtypes based on immunohistochemistry, PAM50 and integrated cluster classifications were performed. We propose subtype-specific miRNA signatures of @entity189 and a validated signature of @entity3821 . miRNAs included in the invasive signatures include down-regulation of miR-139-5p in aggressive subtypes and up-regulation of miR-29c-5p expression in the luminal subtypes. No miRNAs were differentially expressed in the transition from @entity3821 to invasive @entity189 on the whole, indicating the need for subtype stratification. A total of 27 miRNAs were included in our proposed @entity3821 -signature. Significant alterations of expression included up-regulation of @entity29087 and the miR-200-family and down-regulation of let-7 family members in @entity3821 samples. The signatures proposed here can form the basis for studies exploring @entity3821 samples with increased invasive potential and serum biomarkers for in situ and invasive @entity0 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Subtype-specific micro-RNA expression signatures in XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Visual results of ranibizumab given pro re nata in clinical settings depend greatly from the achievement of the monthly follow-up. In 2007, a previous study performed in our tertiary care showed a mean visual gain of only + 0.7 ETDRS chart letters, probably because of insufficient number of follow-up visits and injections. We report a second retrospective study of @entity1 whose eyes were treated in the same setting, and whose first injection was performed after April 1 2010. The aim was to check if the changes in the management of @entity1020 @entity1 between 2010 and 2007 achieved better visual results. METHOD: One hundred and twenty-two @entity1 (125 eyes) with exudative @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) were included. Age, gender, side, type of @entity471 , VA measured on an ETDRS chart at baseline and at 52    6 weeks, the number of IVT performed, and follow-up visits were recorded. The series was compared to our former series of the year 2007. Results are expressed as means    standard deviation. Mann-Whitney's non-parametric test was used to compare the statistical distribution of the parameters measured. Fisher's exact test was used for 2   2 categorical variables, and the chi-square test for others. RESULTS: In the 2010 series, the mean visual gain was +6.0    11.0 l (-35 to + 34). During this period, the eyes had 5.0    1.8 IVT and 7.8    1.4 follow-up visits. No correlation was found between the change in VA and gender, type of @entity471 , age, or the numbers of IVT and visits. There was a reverse correlation between baseline VA and VA changes (r = -0.413, p < 0.0001): i.e., the higher the VA at presentation, the smaller the gain. Comparison between 2010 and 2007 showed that in 2010, @entity1 were older (82.2    7.0 vs 78.3    7.0 y, p < 0.0001), had a better baseline VA (60.6    12.7 vs 56.1    14.6 l, p = 0.0191) and, despite the reverse correlation between change in VA and VA at presentation, visual results were better: +6.0    11.0 vs +0.7    11.99 l, p = 0.0003. In 2010, eyes received more injections: 5.0    1.8 vs 3.8    1.4 in 2007, p < 0.0001. However, the series did not differ for the number of visits, gender, side or type of @entity471 . CONCLUSIONS: In 2010, monotherapy with ranibizumab for exudative @entity1020 achieved better visual results than in 2007 in our clinical setting, despite the treatment of older @entity1 with better baseline VA. This is probably due to the greater number of IVT performed. Alternate strategies, such as "inject and extend" or maintenance therapy, may also account for the better visual results.

title: Ranibizumab for exudative XXXX in a clinical setting: differences between 2007 and 2010.

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['AMD']


abstract: @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) is an aggressive @entity5 with a poor prognosis. @entity3620 grows from the mesothelial cells lining the surface of the lung and chest wall called Pleura. Exposure to @entity1355 is mainly linked to the development of @entity3620 . Approximately 80% of the @entity5 are pleural in origin, and up to 3000 @entity1 are diagnosed with @entity3620 in the United States annually. The incidence of @entity3620 is expected to rise in the coming decades particularly in the developing countries. Although there is an increase in the awareness of danger associated with the use of @entity1355 , its use is still prevalent in Australia and Asia because of its durability and low cost. This further warns and adds to the mortality and morbidity of @entity1 with @entity3620 globally. The traditional treatment strategies have shown only modest improvement towards the disease. @entity3620 is difficult to treat because of the fact that the time between the exposure to @entity1355 and the appearance of symptoms is extremely delayed, and also due to @entity5 involvement with the pleural surface and the adjoining tissues such as the chest wall, pericardium and sub-diaphragmatic organs. Despite advances in the diagnostic and treatment approaches the median survival rate for @entity3620 is between 9 to 17 months. The standard care with double agent has shown modest improvement however, multimodality approach using novel targets may have potential to achieve the improvement in the survival rate. In this review we give an update on the conventional treatment modalities and discuss about various molecular targets including receptor @entity22129 , a novel target gene which may be considered as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity3620 .

title: Advances in malignant pleural mesothelioma therapy: targeting XXXX a novel approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'Malignant pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity22129 :: (1969,Gene) :: ['EphA2']


abstract: @entity2287 -based contrast agents can be used in diagnostic and interventional angiography, and are safe in recommended doses in @entity1 with @entity8 , but the image quality is usually unsatisfactory. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the safety of @entity2287 mixed with a small quantity of @entity1496 -based contrast agent and the image quality of this mixture in @entity1 with @entity177 undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. Forty-two @entity1 with baseline @entity1011 level>1.5 mg/dl were randomized into @entity2287 or @entity1496 groups. In the @entity2287 group gadodiamide was mixed with 1:3 iohexole and in the @entity1496 group only this agent was used as contrast material. Peak @entity1011 levels 48-72 h after the procedure were measured. The primary end point was the development of @entity8 ( @entity8 ), defined as >25% increase of baseline @entity1011 levels, and the secondary end points were absolute and relative changes in baseline @entity1011 levels. Total contrast volumes used were not different between groups (57+/-11 ml in @entity2287 and 55+/-10 ml in @entity1496 ; P=0.68). Mean @entity1011 level did not increase significantly in the @entity2287 group (from 1.9+/-0.3 to 1.9+/-0.4 mg/dl; P=0.06), but did in the @entity1496 group (from 2.0+/-0.4 to 2.3+/-0.5 mg/dl; P=0.001). No @entity1 had @entity8 in the @entity2287 group whereas 5 (23%) @entity1 had this phenomenon in the @entity1496 group (P=0.048). Contrast regimen was very well tolerated in the @entity2287 group, with only transient @entity10 in two @entity1 . Gadodiamide mixed with a small quantity of @entity6111 is safe in @entity1 with @entity2629 undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. The image qualities obtained with this combination are also satisfactory in all of the cases. Further evaluation of the safety of this technique is warranted, especially in other types of diagnostic and interventional procedures in which a higher amount of contrast dye is needed.

title: Safety of gadodiamide mixed with a small quantity of @entity6111 in @entity1 with XXXX undergoing coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['contrast-induced nephropathy', 'CIN', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['impaired renal function']


abstract: We analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 106 @entity1 (17 @entity1 and 89 @entity1 , 11.7 +/- 3.4 years old) with newly diagnosed @entity2743 at Chang-Gung @entity1 's Hospital in Taiwan from 1995 to 2005. The earliest age of disease onset was 3.36 years old, and incidence progressively increased throughout childhood, with a peak at 15 years old. Forty-six (48%) of 95 @entity1 had a positive family history of @entity1374 . We divided the @entity1 into three groups according to pubertal stage: prepubertal (Tanner stage 1), 34 (32%); pubertal (Tanner stage 2-4), 13 (12%); and postpubertal (Tanner stage 5), 59 (56%). The most common presentations were @entity5651 , heat intolerance, sweating, palpitations, and @entity353 despite an increase in appetite, but there were no significant differences among the three groups. @entity146 such as nervousness, @entity2915 and poor school performance are common features in these @entity1 . Height standard deviation score (0.33 +/- 1.35) revealed tall stature (0.39 +/- 1.66 in the prepubertal group, -0.066 +/- 0.63 in the pubertal group, and 0.40 +/- 1.23 in the postpubertal group). Bone maturation also was accelerated in all three groups (bone age/chronological age 1.09 +/- 0.22, 1.07 +/- 0.20, and 1.08 +/- 0.08), but there were no significant differences between groups. Body mass index (standard deviation score) was low in all three groups (-0.49 +/- 1.10, -0.68 .0.63, and -0.13 +/- 0.98), with no significant differences between groups. @entity591 (96%), @entity5651 (94%), fine @entity400 (92%), bruit (66%), @entity101 (63%), and exophthalmos (60%) were the most frequent symptoms. Laboratory findings yielded undetectable TSH levels (<0.03 microIU/mL), increased FT4 (5.54 +/- 2.26 ng/dL), TT4 (18.37 +/- 4.79 microg/dL), and TT3 (450.4 +/- 202.2 ng/dL), with no significant differences between groups. The prevalences of positive TBII, AMCA, and TGAB were 96%, 95%, and 71%, respectively. In conclusion, we did not find any differences in the presentation of @entity2743 among prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal @entity1 . An awareness of symptoms is necessary for prompt diagnosis and management of @entity2743 because the disease can seriously interfere with @entity1 's growth and development.

title: Clinical and laboratory findings at initial diagnosis in pediatric XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'diffuse goiter']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the yield of recorded @entity302 during outpatient video EEG, using simple suggestion techniques based on hyperventilation and photic stimulation. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial of "suggestion" v "no suggestion" during outpatient video EEG recording. SETTING: Regional @entity302 service (tertiary care; single centre). @entity1 : 30 @entity1 (22 female, 8 male), aged over 16 years, with a probable clinical diagnosis of @entity302 ; 15 were randomised to each group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Yield of @entity302 recorded, and requirement for additional inpatient video EEG. RESULTS: 10/15 @entity1 had @entity302 with suggestion; 5/15 had @entity302 with no suggestion (p = 0.058; NS); 8/9 @entity1 with a history of previous events in medical settings had @entity302 recorded during study. Logistic regression analysis with an interaction clause showed a significant effect of suggestion in @entity1 with a history of previous events in medical settings (p = 0.003). An additional inpatient video-EEG was avoided in 14 of the 30 @entity1 (47%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity302 can be recorded reliably during short outpatient video EEG in selected @entity1 . Simple (non-invasive) suggestion techniques increase the yield at least in the subgroup with a history of previous events in medical settings. Inpatient video EEG can be avoided in some @entity1 .

title: Outpatient video EEG recording in the diagnosis of XXXX : a randomised controlled trial of simple suggestion techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Habitual non-epileptic seizures', 'non-epileptic seizures', 'habitual non-epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['non-epileptic seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administration of @entity683 vaccines has been associated with the development of autoantibodies and @entity792 . @entity1 : We discuss 2 @entity1 who developed antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated @entity1333 (AAV) in temporal association with @entity683 immunization. AAV was diagnosed 2 and 4 weeks after immunization in these @entity1 . Both @entity1 had renal involvement with one requiring dialysis. Both @entity1 were treated with @entity786 and @entity288 , and plasmapheresis was added to the immunosuppressive regimen in one @entity1 with dialysis-dependent @entity177 . Both @entity1 achieved disease remission. The @entity1 with initial dialysis-dependent @entity177 reached @entity454 . There are 6 previous cases of AAV in the literature described in temporal association with administration of @entity683 vaccines. CONCLUSION: A causal role of vaccines in AAV cannot be confirmed with these case reports. The temporality suggests that the @entity683 vaccine may be a triggering factor for induction of @entity1333 in predisposed individuals. We review the literature on reported cases of AAV following @entity683 vaccine administration and discuss possible mechanisms for @entity683 vaccine-associated AAV.

title: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody @entity1333 associated with XXXX vaccination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: AIM: Treatment of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) remains a controversial issue. While clinical trials have shown that some immunosuppressants combined with glucocorticoid have a good efficacy on @entity8 @entity1 . However, there is little data on @entity6963 (LEF) in treatment of @entity8 . METHODS: Records of every @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity8 in Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2005 to December 2011 (n=194) were retrospectively analyzed. @entity1 with @entity8 were treated with LEF plus oral @entity229 (n=32) for at least 12 months, whereas 31 @entity1 who did not receive any immunosuppressants were used as controls. RESULTS: Remission rates in the LEF group were 31.3%, 59.4%, 68.8% and 71.9% at 6, 9, 12 and 15 months, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in controls. In the LEF group, @entity644 decreased from 6.79 g/24 h at baseline to 5.63 g/24 h (P<0.01), 3.85 g/24 h (P<0.01) and 2.51 g/24 h (P<0.01) after treatment for 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. Relapse occurred in five (21.7%) @entity1 within a median of 14 months (range, 8-27) after cessation of LEF. No @entity1 developed @entity177 during the therapeutic period. Multivariate analysis suggested that age negatively correlated with achievement of remission (odds ratio, 0.87; P<0.05). No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION: LEF plus oral @entity229 may be an alternative treatment option in Chinese @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: @entity6963 plus oral XXXX in treatment of @entity8 : a retrospective clinical study of efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IMN', 'nephrotic IMN', 'idiopathic membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']