abstract: Subunit composition of @entity3391 receptors (NMDARs) determines a range of physiological properties, downstream signaling effects, and binding partners. Differential localization of @entity4476 - or @entity4319 -containing NMDARs within the neuron and subunit-specific protein associations may explain differences in @entity4476 and @entity4319 contributions to synaptic plasticity and excitotoxic cell death. This question is complicated by the existence of tri-heteromeric complexes ( @entity4474 / @entity4476 / @entity4319 ). To date, no quantitative biochemical determinations have been made of the relative abundance of different NMDAR populations in intact hippocampus, the region extensively correlated with NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation. We investigated subunit composition and subunit-specific interactions in @entity1249 / @entity1250 of @entity35 hippocampus. Using sequential immunoprecipitations to deplete either @entity4319 or @entity4476 , di-heteromeric @entity4474 / @entity4476 and @entity4474 / @entity4319 receptor populations were isolated from postnatal day 7 (P7) hippocampus and P42 and 6-month-old @entity1249 / @entity1250 . Quantitative Western blot analysis revealed that 60-70% of @entity4476 and 70-85% of @entity4319 subunits were associated in @entity4474 / @entity4476 or @entity4474 / @entity4319 di-heteromeric complexes. Isolated di-heteromeric receptor fractions were used to examine @entity4476 - or @entity4319 -specific interactions with synapse-associated proteins. Our results indicate that @entity4476 - or @entity4319 -containing NMDARs associate similarly with @entity12745 ( @entity12745 ), @entity12746 , and PSD-93 at P42. However, @entity4476 -containing receptors coimmunoprecipitated a greater proportion of the synaptic proteins neuronal @entity842 synthase, Homer, and @entity12747 . Finally, mass spectrometry analysis of isolated di-heteromeric receptors identified a novel NMDAR interactor, @entity12748 , which preferentially associates with @entity4319 -containing di-heteromeric NMDARs. In summary, in @entity35 hippocampus, @entity4476 and @entity4319 exist primarily in di-heteromeric complexes that interact similarly with @entity12745 -related proteins but are associated with different protein complexes.

title: @entity3391 di-heteromeric receptor populations and associated proteins in XXXX hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity12748 :: ('25416(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['collapsin response mediator protein 2']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Total hip replacement has shown good outcomes for @entity1 with @entity309 . Can hip resurfacing give similar results for @entity1 with @entity309 ? Using an international hip resurfacing register, 47 @entity1 with @entity309 were identified and age and gender matched to a group of 131 randomly selected @entity1 with @entity570 . @entity1 completed a questionnaire to record function and implant revision. Hierarchical regression, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier method were used for analysis. There was a significant increase in post operative hip score in both groups (p < 0.001) with rheumatoid group scoring higher as compared to the @entity571 group (p = 0.23). The post operative score was not significantly influenced by pre-operative score and age (p = 0.15 and 0.84, respectively) but the pre-operative score was a predictor of implant failure (p = 0.02). @entity1 mobility was affected by age with younger @entity1 scoring high on mobility as compared to older @entity1 (p = 0.01). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a survival rate of 96.3% in the rheumatoid group and 97.8% in the @entity571 group. This difference was not significant (Log rank test, p = 0.45). Our results from an independent and international register show that hip resurfacing provides good post-operative hip function and excellent implant survival for @entity1 with @entity309 . This procedure can be considered as a viable option for management of @entity309 .

title: Hip resurfacing for XXXX : independent assessment of 11-year results from an international register.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis of the hip joint']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the hip joint']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: While @entity174 at the spine, wrist and hip are regarded as classical @entity3604 , all @entity174 in the elderly should be considered as osteoporotic once pathological @entity174 (e.g. metastatic disease) has been excluded. The assessment of @entity174 risk should take account of specific risk factors in addition to @entity79 ( @entity79 ). The WHO has produced FRAX, a well validated tool that estimates the probability of a major @entity3604 in the next 10 years. The algorithm is specifically designed for primary care. After age and prior @entity174 , @entity79 is the next major determinant of @entity174 risk. Rather than scanning all individuals with a risk factor, measurements should be targeted to those whose probability of @entity174 lies close to the intervention threshold where knowledge of @entity79 will influence management. Individuals with a @entity174 or low @entity79 for age should be investigated for underlying causes of @entity170 . Secondary causes account for up to 40% of cases of @entity170 in @entity1 and 60% in @entity1 . The goal of @entity170 management is to reduce the future risk of @entity174 . Lifestyle modification includes measures to reduce falls risk and @entity604 such as exercise, adequate dietary @entity460 and avoidance of smoking and excessive @entity167 consumption. All @entity1 with an @entity3604 and those at high risk should be assessed for falls risk. Combined therapy, with @entity460 and @entity560 , has been shown to reduce @entity173 risk in the frail elderly and should be considered in all older @entity1 who are housebound or in residential care. @entity561 and @entity562 are available as once-weekly preparations with evidence for significant @entity174 . Denosumab is approved for @entity170 in postmenopausal @entity1 at increased risk of @entity174 . @entity176 has been shown to reduce @entity174 risk significantly in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Preventing @entity3604 in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures', 'fractures', 'low trauma vertebral fracture', 'reductions in vertebral and non-vertebral fractures', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['Alendronate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity176 :: ('MESH:C081587', 'Chemical') :: ['Strontium ranelate']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Measurement of changes in brain cortical thickness is useful for the assessment of regional gray matter @entity179 . A new longitudinal method, called CLADA (cortical @entity194 detection algorithm), has been developed for the measurement of changes in cortical thickness in magnetic resonance images (MRI) acquired over time. CLADA creates a subject-specific cortical model which is longitudinally deformed to match images from individual time points. The algorithm was designed to work reliably for lower resolution images, such as the MRIs with 1 1 5 mm(3) voxels previously acquired for many clinical trials in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). CLADA was evaluated to determine reproducibility, accuracy, and sensitivity. Scan-rescan variability was 0.45% for images with 1mm(3) isotropic voxels and 0.77% for images with 1 1 5 mm(3) voxels. The mean absolute accuracy error was 0.43 mm, as determined by comparison of CLADA measurements to cortical thickness measured directly in post-mortem tissue. CLADA's sensitivity for correctly detecting at least 0.1mm change was 86% in a simulation study. A comparison to FreeSurfer showed good agreement (Pearson correlation=0.73 for global mean thickness). CLADA was also applied to MRIs acquired over 18 months in secondary progressive @entity15 @entity1 who were imaged at two different resolutions. Cortical thinning was detected in this group in both the lower and higher resolution images. CLADA detected a higher rate of cortical thinning in @entity15 @entity1 compared to healthy controls over 2 years. These results show that CLADA can be used for reliable measurement of cortical @entity194 in longitudinal studies, even in lower resolution images.

title: CLADA: cortical XXXX detection algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy in neurodegenerative conditions']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'longitudinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['longitudinal atrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of country socioeconomic status and hospital type on device-associated healthcare-associated @entity281 (DA-HAIs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). METHODS: Data were collected on DA-HAIs from September 2003 to February 2010 on 13,251 @entity1 in 30 NICUs in 15 countries. DA-HAIs were defined using criteria formulated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Country socioeconomic status was defined using World Bank criteria. RESULTS: @entity281 ( @entity281 ) rates in NICU @entity1 were significantly lower in private than academic hospitals (10.8 vs. 14.3 @entity281 per 1,000 catheter-days; p  <  0.03), but not different in public and academic hospitals (14.6 vs. 14.3 @entity281 per 1,000 catheter-days; p = 0.86). NICU @entity1 @entity281 rates were significantly higher in low-income countries than in lower-middle-income countries or upper-middle-income countries [37.0 vs. 11.9 (p  <  0.02) vs. 17.6 (p  <  0.05) CLA-BSIs per 1,000 catheter-days, respectively]. @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) rates in NICU @entity1 were significantly higher in academic hospitals than in private or public hospitals [13.2 vs. 2.4 (p  <  0.001) vs. 4.9 (p  <  0.001) VAPs per 1,000 ventilator days, respectively]. Lower-middle-income countries had significantly higher @entity2489 rates than low-income countries (11.8 vs. 3.8 per 1,000 ventilator-days; p  <  0.001), but @entity2489 rates were not different in low-income countries and upper-middle-income countries (3.8 vs. 6.7 per 1,000 ventilator-days; p =  0.57). When examined by hospital type, overall crude mortality for NICU @entity1 without DA-HAIs was significantly higher in academic and public hospitals than in private hospitals (5.8 vs. 12.5%; p  <  0.001). In contrast, NICU @entity1 mortality among those with DA-HAIs was not different regardless of hospital type or country socioeconomic level. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital type and country socioeconomic level influence DA-HAI rates and overall mortality in developing countries.

title: Socioeconomic impact on device-associated XXXX in limited-resource neonatal intensive care units: findings of the INICC.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['CLA-BSI', 'infections', 'Central-line-associated bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['VAP', 'Ventilator-associated-pneumonia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: In 159 @entity1204 , @entity172 (ER) and @entity1420 receptors (PR) were determined biochemically by dextran-coated charcoal ( @entity18040 ) assay and immunohistochemically ( @entity6455 ) on frozen sections. @entity6455 receptor content was estimated by a total histologic score (HSCORE), including all tissue components, and by a @entity5 HSCORE, including malignant cells only. These scores were closely correlated. A single biopsy was found to be representative for each @entity5 . ER- @entity18040 status was positive in 90.3% and PR- @entity18040 status in 92.2% of the @entity5 . ER total HSCORE was positive in 47% and PR total HSCORE in 89% of @entity5 . ER and PR correlated inversely with @entity5 grade (p < 0.001). Correlations were found between ER and PR content determined by either method ( @entity18040 : r = 0.77; @entity6455 : r = 0.50), as well as between @entity18040 and @entity6455 content (ER: r = 0.52; PR: r = 0.76). The association between @entity18040 and @entity6455 was affected by the @entity5 grade: the @entity18040 values decreased relatively more than total HSCOREs with increasing grade. The sensitivity of @entity6455 against @entity18040 assay was 56% for ER and 86% for PR. Maximal agreement between receptor status as determined by @entity6455 and by @entity18040 would result from a @entity18040 cutoff level of 130 fmol/mg for ER and 114 fmol/mg for PR.

title: @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors in XXXX : comparison of immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: A continuing theme in our laboratory has been the use of echocardiographically-measured systolic myocardial wall thickening to demonstrate and evaluate the consequences of regional @entity741 . This presentation focuses on two areas: the immediate mechanical consequences of induced @entity741 in two experimental models: @entity235 and @entity1 ; the correlation between persistent regional @entity296 and morphologic @entity1188 after sequences of @entity1563 and reperfusion. Many experiments using animal models have demonstrated that acute @entity741 produces almost immediate replacement of normal systolic myocardial wall thickening by systolic thinning. Less is known about the immediate mechanical response of @entity1 myocardium to acute @entity63 . This was studied in 5 open-chest @entity1 undergoing various cardiac operations. Wall thickening was continuously displayed by a 7 MHz M-mode echocardiographic transducer coupled to the epicardium by suction to maintain constant position. Coronary flow velocity was displayed by a pulsed Doppler device coupled to an epicardial coronary artery by suction. @entity63 was induced by the surgeon who manually occluded the coronary artery with a soft-tipped Kitner dissector or vascular forceps for 30 seconds. It was found that cessation of coronary flow was accompanied by reductions in normal systolic thickening but systolic thinning or expansion only rarely occurred. In contrast, when the identical techniques were used in 5 @entity235 , systolic thinning always occurred immediately after coronary arterial occlusion. This suggests that there are important species differences between @entity235 and @entity1 myocardium in the immediate mechanical response to @entity741 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transient @entity741 : experimental echocardiographic demonstration and evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial contraction abnormalities']


abstract: A comparison was made of @entity3446 -eluting stents and bare stents as an effective means of treatment of @entity850 in crural arteries. @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups: (1) @entity1 treated with @entity3446 -eluting stents and (2) @entity1 treated with bare stents. Each group consisted of 25 @entity1 , and every @entity1 had one stent implanted. All @entity1 showed symptoms of @entity63 of the peripheral arteries, classified according to the Rutherford scale into categories 3, 4, and 5. All @entity1 were examined 24 h before and 24 h and 6 months after the intervention. The results were analyzed according to clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic criteria. Technically, the procedure was successful in 100% of cases, and both groups presented an equal improvement in clinical and hemodynamic parameters. The follow-up angiographic examination demonstrated a significantly lower rate of @entity256 among the @entity3446 -eluting stent group (4, 16%) versus the bare stent group (19, 76%) (p < 0.001), with lower @entity75 revascularization in 3 (12%) versus 14 (56%) (p < 0.05), respectively. Quantitative angiography demonstrated that all variables used to assess @entity256 were superior for @entity3446 -eluting stents 6 months after intervention: late lumen loss 0.46 +/- 0.72 versus 1.70 +/- 0.94 (p < 0.001) and minimal lumen diameter 2.25 +/- 0.82 versus 0.99 +/- 1.08 (p < 0.001). Results of this study reveal that the use of @entity3446 -eluting stents decreases the risk of @entity256 in comparison to standard stents.

title: The evaluation of primary stenting of XXXX -eluting versus bare-metal stents in the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions of crural arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The progression of @entity5 growth requires the recruitment of new blood vessels. It has been suggested that the degree of @entity2295 would correlate with clinical prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether @entity5 vascularization correlated with clinical outcome in cases of primary @entity213 ( @entity213 ). METHODS: In @entity5 biopsies from 48 @entity1 , microvessel density was determined by immunohistochemistry based on polyclonal antibodies against factor VIII related endothelial antigen. Computerized image analysis was used to evaluate the staining intensity per histologic area. The degree of staining was quantitated and expressed as microvessel density, low and high microvessel density subgroups being compared with regard to survival. RESULTS: Median survival was 10 months in the subgroup with very low microvessel density scores, as contrasted to 69 months in the remainder with high scores (p = 0.08). Neither the @entity1 's age, @entity2802 status, clinical stage, nor histologic grade was related to microvessel density. Among the @entity1 who eventually died of @entity213 (n = 23), there was a subgroup of @entity1 with complete response to radiotherapy. This subgroup had significantly higher microvessel density and longer survival than did the @entity1 who responded poorly or not at all to radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that in @entity213 the degree of vascularization might be used as a predictor of response to radiotherapy.

title: XXXX angiogenesis and prognosis in @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The sympathetic nervous system has profound influences on myocardial function, particularly during @entity63 . There is controversy, however, as to whether @entity741 results in damage to myocardial sympathetic nerves coursing through the @entity63 territory. To further evaluate these issues, we assessed the acute and chronic effects of transient @entity741 on sympathetic nerve function and morphology. METHODS: A total of 20 @entity235 were studied. For acute studies (n = 9), we performed serial dynamic imaging of I-123 @entity7990 (MIBG) washout during @entity1563 and reperfusion, and assessed residual myocardial perfusion with thallium-201. For chronic studies (n = 11), we assessed sympathetic innervation and perfusion 11 days following a transient @entity432 . Imaging results were correlated with electrocardiographic responses, histology, and tissue @entity1063 (NE). RESULTS: In the acute studies, regional MIBG washout increased more than 2-fold in the @entity63 territory compared to the control region during @entity1563 (14.2 +/- 2.3 vs. 5.9 +/- 1.2%, P < 0.01). Tissue NE was reduced in the @entity63 territory compared to the non- @entity63 territory (335 +/- 162 vs. 751 +/- 190 ng/g, P < 0.01). Myocardial perfusion was normal. In the chronic studies, 9/11 @entity235 showed @entity63 ECG changes during balloon occlusion, and developed @entity943 . On follow-up imaging, 5/11 @entity235 showed reduced MIBG uptake relative to @entity4214 , in viable myocardium overlying necrotic subendocardium, reduced NE (226 +/- 77 vs. 733 +/- 82 ng/g in control regions, P < 0.01), decreased nerve density, and a larger extent of denervation than scar (25.5 +/- 3.7 vs. 8.2 +/- 2.7%, P < 0.02). Six of 11 @entity235 showed normal innervation patterns. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that the sympathetic nerves are acutely affected in regions of @entity741 as detected by enhanced regional washout of MIBG. In addition, chronic sympathetic nerve denervation can occur in the absence of transmural @entity296 ; however, the occurrence of transient @entity63 does not predict the development of chronic denervation. The severity of @entity63 , as evidenced by the extent of the related @entity39 , does appear to predict chronic denervation. The severity of @entity63 , as evidenced by the extent of the related @entity39 , does appear to predict chronic denervation. The mechanisms leading to chronic denervation of sympathetic nerves in the absence of @entity1188 remain to be defined.

title: Acute and chronic effects of transient XXXX on sympathetic nerve activity, density, and @entity1063 content.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['metaiodobenzylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['transmural infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intracoronary balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Peroxidase (PO) activity-positive cells were found to develop in both the sublingual and submandibular glands of the @entity35 on day 19 of gestation. The PO activity in the nuclear envelope (NE), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus (G) and @entity6166 ( @entity6166 ) of these cells were enhanced day by day. However, no PO activity was detected in the parotid gland on the same day. In the parotid gland PO-positive cells were detected first on postnatal day 1. After birth the PO activity in the @entity6166 of both the sublingual and submandibular glands gradually diminished in intensity and disappeared, whereas the activity persisted in the parotid gland. From postnatal day 1 to 14, the NE and ER of the cells in the parotid and sublingual glands exhibited intense PO activity, while cells containing mucous @entity6166 appeared. The cells were identified as mucoserous acinar cells. These mucoserous cells later differentiated into different cell types: serous cells in the parotid gland and mucous cells in the sublingual gland. As the submandibular gland developed, PO activity-positive serous cells also differentiated into mucoserous cells and the activity in the G and @entity6166 disappeared. The parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands of perinatal @entity35 have clearly showed varied growth, with the advent processes of PO activity and cell differentiation, whereas PO activity in the G concomitantly occurred with @entity6166 activity.

title: Peroxidase activity and cell differentiation in developing salivary glands of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6166 :: ('MESH:C562873', 'Disease') :: ['SG', 'secretory granules']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Depending on the @entity505 source, @entity375 displays various degrees of respiration. These range from complete respiration as in the case of @entity1068 , to almost complete fermentation, and thus very low degrees of respiration on @entity413 . While many key regulators are known for these extreme cases, we focus here on regulators that are relevant at intermediate levels of respiration. RESULTS: We address this question by linking the functional degree of respiration to transcriptional regulation via enzyme abundances. Specifically, we investigated aerobic batch cultures with the differently repressive @entity505 sources @entity413 , @entity3913 , @entity3649 and @entity2388 . Based on 13C flux analysis, we found that the respiratory contribution to cellular energy production was largely absent on @entity413 and @entity3913 , intermediate on @entity3649 and highest on @entity2388 . In vivo abundances of 40 respiratory enzymes were quantified by GFP-fusions under each condition. During growth on the partly and fully respired substrates @entity3649 and @entity2388 , several @entity2974 cycle and respiratory chain enzymes were significantly up-regulated. From these enzyme levels and the known regulatory network structure, we determined the probability for a given transcription factor to cause the coordinated expression changes. The most probable transcription factors to regulate the different degrees of respiration were @entity23542 , @entity15518 , the Rtg-proteins and the Hap-complex. For the latter three ones we confirmed their importance for respiration by quantifying the degree of respiration and biomass yields in the corresponding deletion strains. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15518 is required for wild-type like respiration, independent of its known activation of gluconeogenic genes. The Rtg-proteins and the Hap-complex are essential for wild-type like respiration under partially respiratory conditions. Under fully respiratory conditions, the Hap-complex, but not the Rtg-proteins are essential for respiration.

title: Transcriptional regulation of respiration in XXXX metabolizing differently repressive @entity505 substrates.

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the histology of @entity791 -associated @entity11447 and identify features that explain the clinical variability. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of @entity645 -positive individuals with @entity11447 who underwent endoscopy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1985 and 1996. METHODS: The histologic features (intensity of Cryptosporidium @entity281 , @entity32 , @entity16 , copathogens) of gastrointestinal biopsies from 37 @entity645 -positive individuals with @entity11447 were systematically graded. These histologic features were correlated with the severity of the @entity5163 obtained from a @entity1 chart review. RESULTS: Histologic features associated with Cryptosporidium @entity281 include a neutrophilic infiltrate in the stomach, villus blunting in the duodenum, cryptitis and epithelial apoptosis in the colon, and reactive epithelial changes in the stomach and duodenum. The nature and intensity of the inflammatory response varied widely; however, duodenal biopsies from a subset of @entity1 (37%) revealed marked acute @entity32 that was associated with concomitant @entity2803 . Although @entity281 was common (93% of individuals), @entity281 of other sites was variable ( @entity356 in 40% and @entity694 in 74%). @entity281 of the intestinal tract, which included both the large and small intestine, was associated with the most severe @entity5163 . CONCLUSIONS: Cryptosporidium @entity281 produces histologic evidence of @entity344 . The inflammatory response to the @entity281 is variable, and may be modified by copathogens such as @entity2803 . The clinical manifestations are influenced, in part, by the anatomic distribution of the @entity281 , with extensive @entity281 involving both small and large intestines producing the most severe @entity221 .

title: A clinicopathologic analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11447 :: ('MESH:D003457', 'Disease') :: ['cryptosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus', 'cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cryptosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal infection', 'infection', 'infections', 'Widespread infection']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cryptosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal illness']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS-related cryptosporidiosis']


abstract: Recombinases of the highly conserved RecA/Rad51 family play central roles in homologous recombination and DNA double-stranded break repair. RecA/Rad51 enzymes form presynaptic filaments on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that are allosterically activated to catalyze ATPase and DNA strand-exchange reactions. Information is conveyed between DNA- and @entity855 -binding sites, in part, by a highly conserved @entity1160 residue ( @entity7647 194 in @entity526 RecA) that acts as an allosteric switch. The @entity1519 UvsX protein is a divergent RecA ortholog and contains @entity3793 (His195) in place of @entity1160 at the allosteric switch position. UvsX and RecA catalyze similar strand-exchange reactions, but differ in other properties. UvsX produces both @entity857 and @entity860 as products of its ssDNA-dependent ATPase activity--a property that is unique among characterized recombinases. Details of the kinetics of ssDNA-dependent @entity855 hydrolysis reactions indicate that UvsX-ssDNA presynaptic filaments are asymmetric and contain two classes of ATPase active sites: one that generates @entity857 , and another that generates @entity860 . Active-site asymmetry is reduced by mutations at the His195 position, since UvsX- @entity7648 and UvsX- @entity7649 mutants both exhibit stronger ssDNA-dependent ATPase activity, with lower cooperativity and markedly higher @entity857 / @entity860 product ratios, than wild-type UvsX. Reduced active-site asymmetry correlates strongly with reduced ssDNA-binding affinity and DNA strand-exchange activity in both @entity7648 and @entity7649 mutants. These and other results support a model in which allosteric switch residue His195 controls the formation of an asymmetric conformation of UvsX-ssDNA filaments that is active in DNA strand exchange. The implications of our findings for UvsX recombination functions, and for RecA functions in general, are discussed.

title: Role of allosteric switch residue @entity3793 195 in maintaining active-site asymmetry in presynaptic filaments of XXXX UvsX recombinase.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1519 :: (10665,Species) :: ['bacteriophage T4']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Circumferential @entity358 (CPVI) is associated with a high success rate in @entity1 with paroxysmal and persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, in @entity1 with long-standing persistent @entity955 , the ideal ablation strategy still remains a matter of debate. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two-hundred and five @entity1 underwent catheter ablation for long-standing persistent @entity955 defined as continuous @entity955 of more than 1-year duration. In a first step, all @entity1 underwent CPVI. If direct-current cardioversion failed following CPVI, ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) was performed. The goal was conversion into sinus rhythm (SR) or, alternatively, @entity591 ( @entity591 ) with subsequent ablation. A total of 340 procedures were performed. CPVI alone was performed during 165 procedures in 124 of 205 (60.5%) @entity1 . In the remaining 81 @entity1 , additional CFAE ablation was performed in 45, @entity75 for recurrent ATs in 44 and @entity6480 isolation in 15 @entity1 , respectively, resulting in inadvertent left @entity955 in 9 (4.4%) @entity1 . After the initial ablation procedure, 67 of 199 @entity1 remained in SR during a mean follow-up of 19    11 months. Six @entity1 were lost to follow-up. After a mean of 1.7    0.8 procedures, 135 of 199 @entity1 (67.8%) remained in SR. Eighty-six @entity1 (43.2%) remained in SR following CPVI performed as the sole ablative strategy. CONCLUSIONS: CPVI alone is sufficient to restore SR in 43.2% of @entity1 with long-standing persistent @entity955 . Multiple procedures and additional ablation strategies with a significant risk of inadvertent left @entity955 are often required to maintain stable SR.

title: Catheter ablation of long-standing persistent XXXX : a lesson from circumferential @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left linear lesions']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial appendage isolation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Safety and treatment patterns of @entity2240 and @entity2857 in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) had been previously reported using retrospective chart review of @entity1 treated in US tertiary centers. Because practice patterns may vary between hospital- and office-based settings, this study examined safety and treatment patterns of these agents in US community oncology clinics. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 250 @entity1 with @entity1358 treated at 18 community oncology clinics. Eligible @entity1 were >= 18 years old and received >= 1 prescription for @entity2240 (n = 131) or @entity2857 (n = 119) as first-line anti-angiogenic treatment. Rates of adverse events (AEs) and treatment modifications were analyzed; reasons for treatment modifications were examined. Median duration of first-line @entity2240 and @entity2857 treatment was 5.9 and 5.5 months, respectively. Among @entity1 treated with @entity2240 and @entity2857 , 86% (30%) and 87% (28%), respectively, experienced >= 1 all-grade (grade 3/4) AE. The most common AEs were @entity1295 /weakness in @entity2240 (all-grade: 42%; grade 3/4: 5%) and @entity1910 in @entity2857 (all-grade: 35%; grade 3/4: 6%). Sixty-two and 64% of @entity1 treated with @entity2240 and @entity2857 , respectively, had >= 1 treatment modification due to AEs. Recorded AE rates in @entity1 with @entity1358 treated with angiogenesis inhibitors in community practice tended to be lower than in tertiary centers, possibly due to shorter treatment duration. Rates of treatment modifications due to AEs tended to be higher in community practice. This study provides evidence from an office-based setting of unmet need for agents that may provide improved tolerability in @entity1358 .

title: Safety and treatment patterns of angiogenesis inhibitors in XXXX with @entity1358 : evidence from US community oncology clinics.

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effect of @entity11286 (Elmiron) in the treatment of @entity2335 was observed in an open controlled multicenter trial. We studied 87 @entity1 with symptoms for more than 2 years at 17 centers in Finland and Sweden. @entity1 selection was based on the typical chronic symptomatology but the material subsequently was stratified according to objective cystoscopic findings. The medication (400 mg. daily in 2 oral doses) was discontinued after 6 months. The response was evaluated every 4 weeks during treatment and every 3 months thereafter. Most @entity1 responded favorably, many with diminution of @entity158 within only 4 weeks from the start of treatment. The frequency of micturition decreased significantly and the mean volume per void per 24 hours increased in the @entity1 without bladder @entity1066 but such changes were not found in the @entity1 with @entity1066 . The bladder capacity was smaller in the @entity1066 group. In these @entity1 the pre-treatment intensity of @entity158 was somewhat greater than in those without bladder @entity1066 but the @entity158 was alleviated in both groups and this effect was stable at the 3-month followup. The differences in responses in the 2 groups indicate a probable fundamental difference between ulcerative and nonulcerative @entity2335 . Side effects of the drug were few, slight and transient. Therefore, the study indicates that a significant number of @entity1 with @entity2335 can be expected to benefit from treatment with @entity11286 .

title: Treatment of @entity1066 and nonulcer @entity2335 with XXXX : a multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity11286 :: ('MESH:D010426', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium pentosanpolysulfate']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity11286 :: (MESH:D010426,Chemical) :: ['sodium pentosanpolysulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is regarded as central mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue that influences systemic mucosal immunity. Our previous study revealed that gut @entity63 and reperfusion (I/R) reduces GALT lymphocyte numbers. Because gut hypoperfusion frequently occurs in @entity130 , shock, and surgery @entity1 , establishment of a therapeutic method to preserve GALT mass after gut I/R may be important for the prevention of @entity281 . We examined the effects of @entity11011 @entity6674 , a selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, on GALT mass and plasma cytokine concentrations in a @entity19 gut I/R model. METHODS: Seventy male ICR @entity19 were randomized to the control (n   =   34) or the @entity11011 (n   =   36) group. After intravenous cannulation of the animals, the superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 60   min. After reperfusion, physiologic saline or @entity11011 5   mg/kg hourly was infused for 24   h. Sixteen @entity19 in the control and 22 in the @entity11011 group were alive at 24   h. Twenty-six @entity19 (n   =   13 in each group) were chosen randomly for harvest of the small intestine. Lymphocytes from Peyer patches (PP), the intraepithelial space (IE), and the lamina propria (LP) were counted; and their phenotypes (abT-cell receptor (TCR), y  TCR, @entity1961 , CD8, B cell) were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine concentrations (interleukin [IL]-6, @entity635 , @entity1618 ) in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity11011 treatment did not improve survival but increased PP and IE lymphocyte numbers significantly and reduced the LP CD8(+) cell percentage and plasma @entity777 concentration compared with controls. There were no significant differences between the two groups in other cell phenotypes or cytokine concentrations. CONCLUSION: @entity11011 treatment after gut I/R may be useful for maintaining gut immunity and preventing systemic @entity32 responses.

title: Neutrophil elastase inhibitor restores gut XXXX reperfusion-induced impairment of gut immunity with reduced plasma @entity777 concentrations in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity6674 :: ('CHEBI:32145', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hydrate']

entities_list: @entity11011 :: ('MESH:C069195', 'Chemical') :: ['Sivelestat', 'sivelestat']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: We report the first case of @entity2631 -like @entity272 induced by @entity1205 chemotherapy for @entity263 in Japan. A 67-year-old @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy for cT3aN0M0 @entity263 in 2003. Thereafter PSA recurrence developed and antiandrogen deprivation therapy was used. However, we diagnosed this case as hormone @entity263 and began @entity1205 chemotherapy in October 2008. There were no nonhematological adverse events through two courses of treatment. He presented to dermatology due to @entity158 and swelling of both upper arms on the second day of the third course. However, when treated with a cooling method, swelling of the upper arms became worse and @entity9153 rose to 1,921 IU/I on the eighth day. We administered a @entity134 ointment and an antibiotic due to suspicion of @entity2268 . Nevertheless, @entity9153 rose to 2,791 IU/I and a skin biopsy was done. In consequence, @entity2631 -like @entity272 induced by @entity1205 chemotherapy was diagnosed. @entity4 appeared in both lower limbs and the @entity158 got worse on the 17th day. Therefore @entity1205 chemotherapy was discontinued and @entity617 was increased to 30 mg/day, in addition to beginning codeine use for the @entity158 . Thereafter, the @entity158 was ameliorated.

title: [ XXXX -like @entity272 induced by @entity1205 chemotherapy for hormone @entity263 : a case report].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Swelling']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful sclerosis', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['Scleroderma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3491 is a rare @entity154 in which the stomach is right-sided while the intestines, the organs in the chest, and the other organs in the abdomen are in normal situs. The importance of recognising the spectrum of @entity154 is because the altered anatomy associated with these anomalies may result in misdiagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of isolated dextrogastria in an 18-year old @entity1 who was seen during pre-university admission medical examination. METHODS: The routine chest X-ray of a young @entity1 as a part of pre-admission medical examination showed the gastric air bubble under the right diaphragm rather than on the left. She was then subjected to further clinical and radiological evaluation. FINDINGS: The personal, past and family histories were uneventful as was the physical examination. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography showed a normal-sized and a normally sited liver in the right hypochondrium with normal gall bladder, and normally sited left and right lobes of the liver. The liver echo pattern was normal. The stomach was found below the lower border of the right lobe of the liver. The kidneys and the spleen were normal in number, position, size and architectural pattern. A barium meal showed a well-defined and a well developed stomach with a reverse J shape and duodenal C loop that was reversed in shape. CONCLUSION: The practice of the radiographer is always placing the marker before exposing the film instead of marking the radiograph after processing, which is the key to accurate identification of @entity154 need emphasis.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['situs anomalies', 'congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated dextrogastria']

answer: @entity3491 :: (MESH:C580334,Disease) :: ['Isolated dextrogastria']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate @entity1 demographics, classification and location of the @entity1146 , operative management, postoperative care, and outcome in 114 @entity1 with @entity1146 ( @entity1146 ) over a period of more than 3 decades. METHODS: This was a retrospective case series in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Records of all @entity1 with @entity1146 treated at the authors' institution between 1971 and 2004 were examined. RESULTS: Sixty-two percent of @entity1146 and @entity850 was noted in the jejunum, 30% in the ileum, and 8% in both the jejunum and the ileum. @entity1146 and @entity850 were classified as follows: 7% type 0, 16% type I, 21% type II, 24% type IIIa, 10% type IIIb, 22% type IV. @entity344 were encountered in 24% of @entity1 , @entity790 in 9%, @entity1577 in 9%, @entity16 in 6%, and @entity299 in 4%. Operative management included resection with primary @entity254 in 69% of all @entity1 and temporary enterostomies in 26%. After operative management, 15% of @entity1 had resultant @entity5277 . Oral feeding was allowed on median day 7, and full energy expenditure via the enteric route was reached on median day 20. Forty-seven percent of @entity1 required central venous line placement for total parenteral nutrition. Early @entity260 occurred in 28% of @entity1 with @entity260 in 17%. We observed a mortality rate of 11%. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the largest series of neonates with @entity1146 described. @entity5277 seems to be the biggest problem resulting in longer hospital stay, more feeding problems, and higher morbidity and mortality rates. Management of @entity1 with @entity5277 has improved because of the use of total parenteral nutrition, new operative techniques, and better intensive care. In the last 15 years, survival has increased at the cost of the surviving @entity1 as we noted a higher percentage of late complications.

title: Decreased mortality but increased morbidity in neonates with XXXX ; a study of 114 cases over a 34-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['Short bowel syndrome', 'short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['JIA and late postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'Atresias', 'atresia', 'jejunoileal atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary malformations']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['jejunoileal atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lowest dose of @entity1501 required to achieve effective reductions in @entity1255 is controversial but important for food fortification policy given recent concerns about the potential adverse effects of overexposure to this vitamin. OBJECTIVE: We compared the effectiveness of 0.2 mg @entity1501 /d with that of 0.4 and 0.8 mg/d at lowering @entity1255 concentrations over a 6-mo period. DESIGN: A randomized dose-finding trial with @entity1501 was conducted. Of 203 @entity1 screened, 101 @entity1 with @entity741 and 71 healthy volunteers completed the study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive placebo or @entity1501 at doses of 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/d for 26 wk; subsamples of @entity1 with @entity741 were also examined at 6 or 12 wk. RESULTS: @entity1 with higher baseline @entity1255 concentrations had the greatest reductions in @entity1255 in response to @entity1501 doses of 0.2 mg (-20.6%), 0.4 mg (-20.7%), and 0.8 mg (-27.8%); in those with lower baseline @entity1255 concentrations, the responses were -8.2%, -8.9%, and -8.3%, respectively. No significant differences in @entity1255 responses to the different doses were observed. In the @entity1 group sampled at intervals during the intervention, the maximal @entity1255 response appeared to be achieved by 6 wk in the 0.8-mg/d group and by 12 wk in the 0.4-mg/d group. However, the @entity1255 response was suboptimal in the 0.2-mg/d group at both 6 and 12 wk compared with that at 26 wk. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity1501 dose as low as 0.2 mg/d can, if administered for 6 mo, effectively lower @entity1255 concentrations. Higher doses may not be necessary because they result in no further significant lowering, whereas doses even lower than 0.2 mg/d may be effective in the longer term. Previous trials probably overestimated the @entity1501 dose required because of a treatment duration that was too short. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ISRCTN45296887.

title: A dose-finding trial of the effect of long-term XXXX intervention: implications for food fortification policy.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: Mortality of an unknown etiology occurs after hatching and before emergence among Harrison River @entity11806 ( @entity11806 ) alevins incubated in the Chehalis River Hatchery, British Columbia. Inter- and intra-stock genetic variation for alevin survival and time to @entity204 was investigated at Chehalis Hatchery in factorial crosses among @entity11806 from the @entity16695 . Alevin survival by family ranged from 0 to 100%, with a mean value of 35.2%. The mean family survival of pure Harrison alevins (13.0%) was significantly lower than that of Capilano alevins (64.1%). For the Harrison stock, estimates of the heritability of survival were 1.05 +/- 0.62 (sire component) and 0.03 +/- 0.07 (dam component). For the Capilano stock, the corresponding estimates were 0.79 +/- 0.53 and 0.80 +/- 0.54. Family means of time to @entity204 ranged from 7.5 to 48 days after exposure to mortality-inducing agents. The mean times to @entity204 for pure Harrison (15.3 days) and Capilano (21.8 days) families were not significantly different. Sire and dam component heritability estimates for time to @entity204 were high for the Harrison stock (1.39 +/- 0.87 and 0.71 +/- 0.46) but low for the Capilano stock (0.06 +/- 0.11 and 0.17 +/- 0.18). Values of survival and time to @entity204 for the reciprocal interstock hybrid alevins generally fell between those of the parental stocks. Neither survival nor time to @entity204 differed significantly between the reciprocal hybrids, but both traits were more strongly influenced by sire than by dam. The possibility of asynchronous paternal and maternal allele activation during embryonic development was proposed as an explanation for the strong paternal effects observed in this study.

title: Genetic variation in survival of XXXX ( @entity11806 ) alevins exposed to an unidentified agent of mortality.

entities_list: @entity11806 :: ('74940', 'Species') :: ['chinook salmon', 'Oncorhynchus tshawytscha']

entities_list: @entity16695 :: ('MESH:D015827', 'Disease') :: ['Harrison and Capilano rivers']

answer: @entity11806 :: (74940,Species) :: ['chinook salmon']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate skeletal and @entity1141 in @entity1 living at endemic fluoridated areas and also the morphological changes in red blood cells (R.B.C.'s). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Vidharbha region of Maharashtra, India. An ethical clearance was obtained from the concerned authorities. Fifty families were screened and 204 subjects who had @entity3296 were included in the study. The aims and objectives were explained to the study subjects of the village and biochemical, hematological and radiological assessment was done. The main source of drinking water in this area was tube well. The concentrations of @entity1388 in two different areas of same village were 4 and 4.5 ppm. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity1141 and @entity1141 in male @entity1 was 56.87% (116) and in female @entity1 (88) it was 43.13%. RBC count in male @entity1 was 5.03    0.49 while in female @entity1 it was 4.70    0.47. With significant difference between male and female @entity1 , P value was 0.003. Hb% in male @entity1 was 12.44    1.76 and in female @entity1 it was 11.31   1.34, showing significant difference between male and female @entity1 P value 0.038. Alkaline @entity1391 level in male @entity1 was 289.68    149.09 and in female @entity1 it was 276.68    164.97. ESR count in male @entity1 was found 11.41    8.75 and in female @entity1 it was 13.29   7.37. Radiological finding of @entity3296 @entity1 shows thickening of inner and outer tables of skull bone in 83.92% of @entity1 and only 7.84% of the @entity1 were suffering from barrowing of long bone.

title: Assessment of Skeletal and XXXX in Endemic Fluoridated Areas of Vidharbha Region, India: A Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['dental/skeletal fluorosis', 'fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal fluorosis', 'non-skeletal fluorosis']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['Non-skeletal Fluorosis']


abstract: How duplicate genes provide @entity74 remains an unresolved question. We have examined the duplicated histone deacetylases Sir2p and Hst1p in @entity375 and find that these paralogs with non-overlapping functions can provide @entity74 against null mutations through a substitution mechanism. Hst1p is an @entity2125 -dependent histone deacetylase that acts with @entity13441 to repress a subset of midsporulation genes. However, hst1Delta mutants show much weaker derepression of target loci than sum1Delta mutants. We show that this modest derepression of target loci in hst1Delta strains occurs in part because Sir2p substitutes for Hst1p. Sir2p contributes to repression of the midsporulation genes only in the absence of Hst1p and is recruited to target promoters by a physical interaction with the @entity13441 complex. Furthermore, when Sir2p associates with the @entity13441 complex, the complex continues to repress in a promoter-specific manner and does not spread. Our results imply that after the duplication, SIR2 and HST1 subfunctionalized. The single SIR2/HST1 gene from @entity11900 , a closely related species that diverged prior to the duplication, can suppress an hst1Delta mutation in @entity375 as well as interact with @entity13442 in @entity375 . In addition, the existence of two distinct protein interaction domains for the Sir and @entity13441 complexes was revealed through the analysis of a chimeric Sir2-Hst1 molecule. Therefore, the ability of Sir2p to substitute for Hst1p probably results from a retained but reduced affinity for the @entity13441 complex that is a consequence of subfunctionalization via the duplication, degeneration, and complementation mechanism. These results suggest that the evolutionary path of duplicate gene preservation may be an important indicator for the ability of duplicated genes to contribute to @entity74 .

title: Substitution as a mechanism for XXXX : the duplicated deacetylases Hst1p and Sir2p in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic robustness']

entities_list: @entity11900 :: ('28985', 'Species') :: ['Kluyveromyces lactis']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic robustness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical course of nephrectomized @entity1 due to complications related to @entity1790 and ascertain the prevalence of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in this population. METHODS: From 2005 to 2010, 658 @entity1 were treated with @entity1791 . Among these, 30 (4.6%) were nephrectomized. For each case, a control was selected and matched to the case by age, sex and disease duration. All data were collected from medical records, which contained the clinical, laboratory evaluation and diagnostic imaging. RESULTS: Age of the study group was 51.5    10.4 years and the control group 47.1    5.2 years. There were 17 (85%) @entity1 and three @entity1 in each group. @entity1 from the study group reported 3 (range, 1-5) episodes of acute renal colic before nephrectomy. @entity293 and @entity811 was detected in 70% of cases before surgery. In addition, half of the @entity1 had at least one previous urological procedure. The control group showed higher urinary levels of @entity460 (216.1    114.3 vs. 130.9    72.2), @entity414 (530.2    197.4 vs. 424    75.2) and @entity1792 (755    533 vs. 380.2    260.7), p < 0.01, 0.03 and 0.01, respectively. The @entity1011 clearance was lower in the study group, 52.5    18.8 ml/min vs. 92.9    24.2 ml/min in the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a decrease in kidney function in nephrectomized @entity1 compared to a control group of stone-forming @entity1 with both kidneys. Prospective studies are needed to assess the incidence of @entity740 in @entity1 with @entity1790 submitted to nephrectomy.

title: Nephrectomy as a cause of @entity740 in the treatment of XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness, from a health care perspective, of adding rituximab to @entity3118 and @entity786 scheme (FCR versus FC) for treatment-na  ve and refractory/relapsed Ukrainian @entity1 with @entity1072 . A decision-analytic Markov cohort model with three health states and 1-month cycle time was developed and run within a life time horizon. Data from two multinational, prospective, open-label Phase 3 studies were used to assess @entity1 ' survival. While utilities were generalized from UK data, local resource utilization and disease-associated treatment, hospitalization, and side effect costs were applied. The alternative scenario was performed to assess the impact of lower life expectancy of the general population in Ukraine on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for treatment-na  ve @entity1 . One-way, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results. The ICER (in US dollars) of treating @entity1072 @entity1 with FCR versus FC is US 8,704 per quality-adjusted life year gained for treatment-na  ve @entity1 and US 11,056 for refractory/relapsed @entity1 . When survival data were modified to the lower life expectancy of the general population in Ukraine, the ICER for treatment-na  ve @entity1 was higher than US 13,000. This value is higher than three times the current gross domestic product per capita in Ukraine. Sensitivity analyses have shown a high impact of rituximab costs and a moderate impact of differences in utilities on the ICER. Furthermore, probabilistic sensitivity analyses have shown that for refractory/relapsed @entity1 the probability of FCR being cost-effective is higher than for treatment-na  ve @entity1 and is close to one if the threshold is higher than US 15,000. State coverage of rituximab treatment may be considered a cost-effective treatment for the Ukrainian population under conditions of economic stability, cost-effectiveness threshold growth, or rituximab price negotiations.

title: Cost-effectiveness of adding rituximab to @entity3118 and XXXX for treatment of @entity1072 in Ukraine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ) are regarded as diffuse proliferations. We describe an unusual paracortical nodular growth pattern in four nodal @entity3191 that were initially interpreted as @entity706 in three @entity1 and small @entity1892 with plasmacytic differentiation in a fourth. The nodules were vague to easily discernible and produced minimal to partial architectural distortion. Sinuses were often open, and scattered cortical lymphoid follicles with atretic to hyperplastic germinal centers were present. Clusters of @entity5 cells abutted some follicles in all cases, and in one case they exhibited focal T-zone expansion. Hypervascularity was not prominent, but a few nodules surrounded epithelioid venules, imparting an angiofollicular appearance. The nodules were composed primarily of small lymphocytes with irregular nuclei admixed with scattered large transformed cells, both cell types having clear cytoplasm. Paraffin immunoperoxidase showed that the nodules were composed of T cells. Dendritic cell networks were present only in follicular centers. Southern blot analysis found T-cell receptor gene rearrangements and a germline immunoglobulin gene configuration in all four nodes. These paracortical clear cell nodules of clonal T cells may be a special type of PTCL. Alternatively, they may represent early foci of @entity706 or they may be a subgroup of @entity784 . Paracortical nodular PTCL must be differentiated from atypical @entity75 and some @entity1892 .

title: Paracortical nodular XXXX . Identification of an unusual variant of peripheral @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'atypical lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTCLs', 'Peripheral T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. OBJECTIVE: To explore potential associations between foot posture index (FPI-6) composite scores and @entity551 measurements, and to describe each of the 6 subscales and the FPI-6 composite scores across our sample. BACKGROUND: The FPI-6 is a static foot posture assessment comprised of 6 observations. Extreme scores have been associated with @entity130 risk. However, knowledge describing the relationship between FPI-6 scores and plantar pressure distributions during gait is limited. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 1000; 566 males, 434 females) were predominantly active adults (mean    SD age, 30.6    8.0 years; body mass index, 26.2    3.7 kg/m  ), who ran 3.1    1.4 d/wk. Static and dynamic foot characteristics were compared using the FPI-6 and a capacitance-based pressure platform. Correlation and hierarchical stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine the most parsimonious set of dynamic pressure data associated with FPI-6 scores. RESULTS: The mean    SD FPI-6 score was 3.4    2.9 (range, -6.0 to 11.0). Only 31 @entity1 received a score of -2 (supinated foot) on any FPI-6 subscale. Classification of a pronated foot was 2.4 times more likely than a supinated foot. A 5-variable model (R = 0.57, R2 = 0.32) was developed to describe the association between @entity551 and FPI-6 scores. CONCLUSION: The multivariate model associated with FPI-6 scores comprised clinically plausible variables which inform the association between static and dynamic foot postures. Different cutoff values may be required when using the FPI-6 to screen for individuals with supinated feet, given the limited number of high-arched @entity1 identified by FPI-6 classifications.

title: Static foot posture associated with XXXX parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['dynamic plantar pressures', 'dynamic plantar pressure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['increased injury']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['dynamic plantar pressure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Mutations in @entity984 and @entity817 genes as well as the loss of expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog ( @entity983 ) (deleted on chromosome 10) are associated with impaired activity of antibodies directed against @entity470 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . The predictive and prognostic value of the @entity984 and @entity817 point mutations as well as @entity983 expression in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 (LARC) treated with cetuximab-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is unknown. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We have conducted phase I and II trials of the combination of weekly administration of cetuximab and @entity2600 and daily doses of @entity416 in conjunction with radiotherapy (45 Gy plus 5.4 Gy) in @entity1 with LARC (stage uT3/4 or uN+). The status of @entity984 and @entity817 mutations was determined with direct sequencing, and @entity983 expression status was determined with immunohistochemistry testing of diagnostic @entity5 biopsies. Tumor regression was evaluated by using standardized regression grading, and disease-free survival (DFS) was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 57 @entity1 were available for analyses. A total of 31.6% of @entity1 carried mutations in the @entity984 genes. No @entity817 mutations were found, while the loss of @entity983 expression was observed in 9.6% of @entity1 . Six @entity1 achieved complete remission, and the 3-year DFS rate was 73%. No correlation was seen between @entity5 regression or DFS rate and a single marker or a combination of all markers. CONCLUSIONS: In the present series, no @entity817 mutation was detected. The presence of @entity984 mutations and loss of @entity983 expression were not associated with impaired response to cetuximab-based chemoradiotherapy and 3-year DFS.

title: @entity984 and @entity817 mutations and @entity983 expression do not predict efficacy of cetuximab-based chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thoracotomy results in severe @entity282 potentially leading to @entity1118 . We investigated the potential benefits of oral @entity12698 on postoperative @entity1337 combined with thoracic epidural @entity1337 ( @entity1041 ). METHODS: Forty @entity1 undergoing thoracotomy were included in this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. General anaesthesia was standardized. @entity1 -controlled epidural @entity1337 (T4-T5) was used during 48 h after surgery ( @entity1342 2 mg ml(-1) with @entity681 0.5 microg ml(-1)). @entity1 were allocated to receive oral @entity12698 or placebo from the evening before surgery until 48 h after operation. @entity282 scores, respiratory function, and morbidity were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: @entity282 scores at rest (P=0.026) and during coughing (P=0.021) were lower and @entity1 satisfaction was greater (P=0.0033) in the @entity12698 group. Consumption of the local anaesthetic solution was comparable between groups. @entity891 and morbidity were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12698 improves postoperative @entity1337 provided by @entity1041 after thoracotomy.

title: Effect of XXXX combined with thoracic epidural @entity1337 on pain after thoracotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative restrictive pulmonary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: Several approaches may be suggested for prevention or treatment of @entity170 . In elderly @entity1 , an association of @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation has been shown to reduce nonvertebral fractures up to 40% over an 18-month period. @entity175 , given parenterally or nasally, may prevent further @entity604 and has been reported to significantly decrease @entity173 . This hormone also possesses an important analgesic effect. @entity1388 salts are the most effective way to significantly increase bone mass, mainly at the trabecular site. The optimal doses and regimens remain to be clearly established. The use of new formulations like @entity18754 are likely to facilitate the search of the optimal therapeutic window. @entity171 are potent inhibitors of bone resorption. They have been shown to significantly increase trabecular bone mass without @entity79 . Their use may be associated with a significant @entity174 , mainly in @entity1 with severe @entity170 . The new, second and third generation of @entity171 ( @entity19761 , @entity562 , @entity561 ) look extremely promising but their widespread use will only be possible after a confirmation of the absence of a deleterious effect on bone quality ( @entity561 ) and after demonstration of a @entity173 following a prolonged use.

title: Treatment of bone in elderly subjects: @entity460 , @entity560 , fluor, XXXX , @entity175 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19761 :: ('MESH:C058651', 'Chemical') :: ['tiludronate']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonates', 'bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['senile osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity18754 :: ('MESH:C012980', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium monofluorophosphate']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral and hip fractures', 'reduction in vertebral and/or hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of cortical bone']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluoride']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity171 :: (MESH:D004164,Chemical) :: ['bisphosphonates']


abstract: It is well known that @entity2504 are occasionally seen in @entity1 with @entity2916 . We have experienced two cases of @entity2916 with @entity2504 . Case 1: an 8-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of @entity10 and @entity391 of one month's duration. She had @entity2916 , @entity1032 and @entity410 clinically, and a large @entity5 was found in the right lateral ventricle by pneumoventriculography. Partial @entity5 was performed by the right frontal transcortical approach, but she later died of @entity55 . Necropsy revealed @entity66 characterized by multiple focal @entity5 -like @entity600 in various organs including the brain, kidneys, heart, lungs and liver. The histological diagnosis of the @entity2504 was @entity816 . Case 2: a 6-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of @entity10 of one year's duration. He had also suffered from @entity410 since 6 months of age. @entity2916 was noted in the cheeks. CT revealed a medium sized @entity5 at the right foramen of Monro and the moderately dilated right lateral ventricle and several calcified deposits in the lateral ventricle wall. The @entity5 was subtotally removed by the right frontal transcortical approach. The pathological examination showed @entity816 . Now 6 years after the operation he is enjoying a normal school life. In our cases, @entity2504 associated with @entity2916 were of a typically benign histological appearance, that is @entity816 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity2916 with XXXX : report of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular tumor', 'intraventricular tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma sebaceum', 'tuberous sclerosis', 'Adenoma sebaceum']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['subependymal giant cell astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2504 :: (MESH:D002551,Disease) :: ['intraventricular tumor']


abstract: Differences in the quality of meat obtained from four animal species (beef, @entity1641 , @entity95 and @entity1573 ) treated with two concentrations of @entity12374 (75 or 150 mM) were evaluated by a sensory panel. Physicochemical variables analysed were water holding capacity, instrumental colour and pH. Sensory analysis was by recognition index (R-index) by untrained and trained panels. @entity3282 led to an increase in enzymatic activity, although it was not significantly different in treated compared to untreated samples. Lightness was higher (paler) in treated meat for all species studied. R-index showed that treatment of raw beef with 75mM @entity3282 had negligible effect on odour compared to fresh, untreated beef. More juicy meat resulted from marination. Treatments with 150 mM @entity3282 caused a more tender meat. The best combinations of cooking method and @entity3282 concentration to obtain the most acceptable meat varied from attribute to attribute. The best odour was obtained when beef was treated with 150 mM @entity3282 and cooked in a convection oven, whereas juiciness was improved if beef was treated with 150 mM @entity3282 and cooked in a microwave oven. The highest scores for tenderness were for 75 mM @entity3282 -treated samples regardless of cooking method. Flavour profile showed that the most marked feature in marinated beef is the predominance of a bitter flavour and after taste, which probably masks other flavour attributes. It is concluded that, in accordance with other authors, marination has no adverse effects on beef odour and improves texture, producing more tender material. However, marination at the @entity3282 levels tested caused a bitter after taste and flavour.

title: Effect of @entity12374 marination on calpain and quality characteristics of meat from @entity1573 , XXXX , cattle and @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the impacts on @entity158 matrix (PM) brain area in the @entity1 of @entity4720 of neck type treated with acupuncture at single point and the multiple points. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 of @entity4720 of neck type were randomized into a single-point group (25 cases) and a multiple-point group (24 cases), and treated with acupuncture at Bailao (EX-HN 15) singly or Bailao (EX-HN 15) and Hegu ( @entity9154 ) in combination correspondingly. At the same time, 19 healthy @entity1 were selected as a control group. The resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted in each group before and after treatment. The changes in the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of brain area PM were analyzed in terms of the different therapeutic programs. The relevant analysis was on the scores of the Northwick Park @entity4048 questionnaire (NPQ) and short form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) for life quality. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, ReHo value was increased in supplementary motor area (SMA) of PM in the @entity1 , of @entity4720 of neck type. In the single-point group, after treatment, ReHo value was reduced in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyri of @entity1 . In the multiple-point group, ReHo values were reduced in the left medial superior frontal gyrus and right SMA in PM area after treatment. In the single-point group, ReHo value in each brain area of PM was not significantly correlated with NPQ and SF-36 scores. In the multiple-point group, the changes of ReHo value in superior frontal gyrus were positively correlated with those of NPQ scores. CONCLUSION: Considering the clinical efficacy of acupunctrue for @entity4720 of neck type, the overall result in the multiple-point group is better than that in the single-point group. It is deduced that the advantages of the therapeutic program in the multiple-point group is relevant with the cooperative integration of the stimulation at multiple points in cerebral analgesic center.

title: [MRI @entity158 matrix regional homogeneity in XXXX of neck type treated with acupuncture at multiple acupoints].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity4720 :: (MESH:D055009,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylosis']


abstract: @entity299 is a rare but dramatic complication of pulmonary resection that demands urgent treatment. About 50 @entity1 have been reported in the literature; 50% of them died. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the @entity2294 . @entity998 falls, central venous pressure rises, and cyanosis develops that does not respond to @entity26 administration. Right-sided herniation is characterized primarily by @entity551 and @entity591 due to kinking or torsion of both superior and inferior venae cavae and subsequent reduction of @entity299 . Left-sided herniation more often produces ischemic ECG changes and @entity943 due to jamming of the ventricles between the edges of the @entity2294 . Without intervention irreversible @entity296 may rapidly result. Luxation typically arises at the end of the operation or in the early postoperative period. Precipitating factors are suction on the chest tube, changes in the @entity1 's positioning, positive pressure ventilation to expand the remaining lung segments, coughing and extubation. In right-sided luxation an anteroposterior chest X-ray will substantiate the diagnosis without difficulty; in left-sided luxation the chest film may not show a similarly striking finding. Often dramatic deterioration in the @entity1 's status may not allow time for diagnostic procedures. In case of doubt, immediate rethoracotomy is indicated. In the case observed, a 47-year-old @entity1 underwent right pleuropneumonectomy with partial pericardectomy and intrapericardial ligation of the pulmonary vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX following extensive lung resection with partial pericardial resection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial defect']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac herniation', 'cardiac filling']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased blood pressure']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Heart dislocation']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of 2 different periodized exercise rehabilitation programs ( @entity3013 [ @entity3013 ] and @entity411 [ @entity411 ]) on @entity85 , body composition, @entity158 , disability, and quality of life (QOL) in chronic (>or=3 months; >or=3 d.wk) nonspecific @entity1643 (CLBP) @entity1 . Twenty-seven CLBP subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups, 1) @entity3013 (n = 9), 2) @entity411 (n = 9), or 3) control (C; n = 9). Subjects were tested at baseline and at weeks 8 and 16 of training. Intensity and volume were periodized in the training groups. Significance was set at p <or= 0.05. No significant differences were noted among the groups at baseline. The @entity3013 group significantly decreased body fat percent from baseline to week 8 and from baseline to week 16, whereas the @entity411 group significantly decreased body fat percent and body mass from baseline to week 16. The @entity3013 group significantly improved most @entity85 , @entity158 , disability, and QOL outcomes from baseline to week 8, baseline to week 16, and weeks 8 to 16. However, the @entity411 group showed significant improvements in flexibility from baseline to week 8 and in cardiorespiratory and peak leg power from baseline to week 8 and baseline to week 16. The @entity411 groups showed no significant improvements in @entity158 , disability, or QOL. The primary finding was that periodized @entity3013 was successful at improving many fitness, @entity158 , disability, and QOL outcome measures, whereas @entity411 was not. This study indicates that whole-body periodized @entity3013 can be used by training and conditioning personnel in the rehabilitation of those clients suffering with CLBP.

title: A comparison of two forms of periodized exercise rehabilitation programs in the management of chronic nonspecific XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'resistance training']

entities_list: @entity411 :: ('MESH:C538054', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'aerobic training']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal fitness', 'musculoskeletal health']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low-back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine patterns of adherence to mood stabilizers and reasons for nonadherence in @entity1 with @entity162 , with and without @entity734 ( @entity734 ). METHOD: From December 2003 to October 2004, 115 @entity1 with DSM-IV-diagnosed @entity162 (58 with @entity734 and 57 without @entity734 ) were administered a structured interview regarding their lifetime experience with mood stabilizers. RESULTS: Lifetime adherence with mood stabilizers for the @entity734 group was 65.5%, versus 82.5% for the non- @entity734 group (p < .05). Lifetime @entity1091 adherence for the @entity734 group was lower than for the non- @entity734 group (65.9% vs. 85.0%, p < .05). Substance-related reasons were more commonly cited by the @entity734 group than the non- @entity734 group. In contrast, pill- and dosage-related reasons were more frequently endorsed by the non- @entity734 group than the @entity734 group. CONCLUSION: In @entity162 @entity1 , those with co-occurring @entity734 were less adherent than those without @entity734 . The @entity734 group was also less adherent to @entity1091 than the non- @entity734 group. The reasons for nonadherence differed by presence or absence of a @entity734 . Physicians should be alert to these differences in their clinical practices while prescribing medications.

title: Adherence to pharmacotherapy in XXXX @entity1 with and without co-occurring substance use disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder', 'SUD']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: We compared the consequences of acute anterior and posterior wall @entity63 on regional left ventricular function in seven open-chest @entity235 . Circumferentially oriented sonomicrometers were implanted in the midwall of the anterior and posterior left ventricle. The @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) and left circumflex (LCX) coronary arteries were each occluded for 3 min, with 45 min of reperfusion between the two occlusions. The @entity63 areas at risk, as assessed by postmortem perfusion techniques, were similar for anterior (34.5 +/- 12.5 g) and posterior (32.3 +/- 9.4 g) wall @entity63 . Both occlusions produced a similar increase in end-diastolic pressure. After @entity1347 occlusion, @entity1347 (end diastole to aortic valve closure) in the nonischemic posterior wall increased from 8.0 +/- 3.9 to 10.8 +/- 4.4%, solely caused by increased isovolumic shortening. In contrast, with LCX occlusion, @entity1347 in the nonischemic anterior wall increased significantly more, from 10.5 +/- 3.8 to 14.6 +/- 4.2% caused by nearly equal increases in isovolumic and ejection phase shortening. Thus, with both @entity1347 and @entity432 , there was increased shortening in nonischemic areas during isovolumic systole, which was "wasted" in paradoxically stretching the @entity63 zone. However, a compensatory increase in nonischemic area ejection phase shortening occurred only with @entity432 . These findings may explain the greater functional impairment that occurs with @entity1347 than @entity432 .

title: Functional consequences of acute anterior vs. posterior wall XXXX in @entity235 left ventricles.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['total segment shortening', 'LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LCX occlusions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Since a high tissue penetration of @entity9848 (D) has been assessed in early studies, the aims of this study were to determine D concentrations in bronchial mucosa and secretions in @entity1 suffering from an @entity3311 ( @entity3311 ), to compare intra-individual bronchial mucosa and secretion concentrations and to relate bronchial concentrations of D and clinical efficacy. The main inclusion criteria were comprised of (1) @entity3311 , defined by the presence of an increase in @entity1353 , sputum production and change in sputum purulence, and (2) clinical indication of fiberoptic bronchoscopy allowing performance of bronchial biopsies. All @entity1 were treated with a 500-mg once-daily D dose for 5 days. @entity1 were randomly divided into three groups, according to sampling times (24, 48 and 72 h after the last dose). Tissue concentration analyses were performed by one blinded microbiologist (microbiological agar diffusion assay). The results showed: (1) 37 out of the 46 @entity1 (80.4%) had a favorable response to treatment at the time of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (14 cured, 23 improved); (2) bronchial mucosa concentrations were high in all groups, and (3) mean values at 24, 48 and 72 h after the last dose were respectively 6.51 +/- 1.44, 6. 61 +/- 2.7, 5.67 +/- 1.02 mg.kg-1; no statistical difference was observed between the groups. In bronchial secretions collected simultaneously, concentrations were lower, i.e. 1.26 +/- 0.3, 0.61 +/- 0.12, 0.84 +/- 0.12. Significant associations were observed between bronchial mucosa and secretion concentrations (r = 0.71, p = 0.0001), and between clinical response and bronchial concentrations (p = 0.03, Kruskall-Wallis test). In conclusion, these results may confirm the clinical significance of tissue concentrations measured in bronchial tissues of @entity1 with @entity3311 .

title: XXXX concentrations in bronchial mucosa and secretions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9848 :: ('MESH:C053853', 'Chemical') :: ['dirithromycin']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['AECB', 'acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis']

answer: @entity9848 :: (MESH:C053853,Chemical) :: ['Dirithromycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, several authors reported on the Protein Chip approach to analyze serum. They used @entity66 ( @entity66 ) to identify @entity1 with @entity5 of various origins in a highly sensitive and specific manner. In the current study, a similar approach was employed to analyze the serum of @entity1 with various stages of @entity356 . METHODS: Control serum specimens from @entity1 with @entity3621 (n = 19) and those with @entity356 (Stage I: n = 6, Stage II or III: n = 6, Stage IV: n = 6, total: n = 18) were collected and analyzed by the Protein Chip biomarker system (Bio-Rad, Japan), a platform for @entity66 , and protein profiles were obtained and compared. The cation exchange chip (CM10) and the anion exchange chip (Q10) were used for processing before TOF-MS. RESULTS: nine proteins were significantly over-expressed (P < 0.05, Student t-test) in @entity1 with @entity356 compared to @entity1 with @entity3621 . Among them, four protein masses with 2929 m/z, 3293 m/z, 3371 m/z, and 4213 m/z were found to be differentially expressed solely in @entity1 suffering from peritoneal dissemination. All peaks were processed on CM10 chips. Employing one data mining method, CART (classification and regression trees), @entity356 @entity1 with peritoneal dissemination were successfully separated from those who had no peritoneal seeding. CONCLUSION: A validation study with a larger number of samples is mandatory; however, the detected peaks here might be candidates for biomarkers of peritoneal dissemination and/or @entity356 . Moreover, further analysis of these four proteins might be helpful in revealing the mechanism of peritoneal dissemination, which at present has no cure.

title: Detection of elevated proteins in peritoneal dissemination of XXXX by analyzing mass spectra data of serum proteins.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SELDI-TOF-MS', 'surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']