abstract: The widely used treatment of @entity397 by operation and postoperative plaster is more and more controversially discussed. The disadvantages of plasters with @entity715 and joint @entity2693 and recent results about @entity924 makes it worth while to illucinate an immediate functional physiotherapy. Our study consists of two groups of @entity1 who were operated for @entity397 . Postoperative one group (n = 24) was treated with a plaster for six weeks. The second group (n = 17) was immediately treated by physiotherapy without any immobilisation. After a mean time interval of 19.8 months the joint movement and tendon flexibility was evaluated. Furthermore soft tissue ultrasound was performed to measure the tendon tissue density and gliding movement. Our data showed that 1. Early functional treatment resulted in minor problems (35%) than immobilisation (46%). 2. Plaster-free treated @entity1 had higher tendon density values (grade II 41%, grade III 47%, grade IV 12%), which depicts a higher tensile strength than the comparable group (grade II 29%, grade III 58%, grade IV 13%). 3. Plaster-free treated @entity1 showed significant lesser adhesion formation to the Achilles tendon (grade I 29%, grade II 53%, grade III 18%) than immobilisation (grade I 4%, grade II 59%, grade III 37%).

title: [Plaster-free, early functional after-care of surgically managed XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon healing']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture', 'Achilles tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Achilles tendon rupture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   The rodent model is commonly used to study @entity2123 . Because of the exceptional regenerative capacity of the rodent facial nerve, it is essential to consider the timing when studying facial nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Short-term functional recovery data following transection and repair of the facial nerve has been documented by our laboratory. However, because of the limitations of the head fixation device, there is a lack of long-term data following @entity2123 . The objective of this study was to elucidate the long-term time course and functional deficit following facial nerve transection and repair in a rodent model. Methods   Adult @entity35 were divided into group 1 (controls) and group 2 (experimental). Group 1 animals underwent head fixation, followed by a @entity2123 , and functional testing was performed from day 7 to day 70. Group 2 animals underwent @entity2123 , followed by delayed head fixation, and then underwent functional testing from months 6 to 8. Results   There was no statistical difference between the average whisking amplitudes in group 1 and group 2 animals. Conclusion   Functional whisking recovery 6 months after @entity2123 is comparable to recovery within 1 to 4 months of transection and repair, thus the ideal window for evaluating @entity2103 falls within the 4 months after injury.

title: Long-Term Functional Recovery after Facial Nerve Transection and Repair in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve recovery']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated retrospectively single-agent S-1 chemotherapy in @entity1149 @entity1 in clinical practice. METHODS: Sixteen consecutive @entity1 treated with single-agent S-1 for NSCLC between July 2005 and June 2007 at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital. The treatment schedule comprised oral administration of S-1 at 80-120 mg/day. One cycle of S-1 consisted of consecutive administration to 14 (10 cases)or 28(6 cases)days followed by a 14-day rest. RESULTS: @entity1 profiles were: M/F: 11/5, median age 68 years old(range 51-83), PS 0/1/2/3: 2/6/5/3, adeno/squamous/large: 13/2/1, clinical stage 3A/3B/4: 3/4/9, prior chemotherapy regimens 0/1/2/3/4: 2/3/4/5/2, prior surgery/radiation: 12/5 were performed. Median number of delivered cycles was 5 cycles(range 1-13). Grade 3 hematological @entity137 were @entity417 (6%)and @entity882 (6%). Grade 3 non-hematological @entity137 were @entity390 (6%)and @entity391 (6%). Response of 13 @entity1 could be evaluated after 2-4 cycles of S-1. Four partial responses were observed, for a response rate of 31%. The survival time was 67-852 days(average 14.0 months), 1-year survival rate was 74.0%, median time to progression was 4.6 m, and 1- year progression free survival was 25.0%. CONCLUSION: Single-agent S-1 chemotherapy has modest activity and is the one of the important regimens and tolerable for elderly, poor-PS, recurrent @entity1 with NSCLC in clinical practice.

title: [S-1 activity in XXXX in clinical practice].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a new experimental model of partial @entity1695 that is simple, reliable, variable, and reversible. METHODS: A 6 F ureteral catheter was inserted into the left ureteral orifice and was cut 2 cm distal to the orifice. The most distal part of the ureter was ligated around the catheter. The catheter lumen was partially obstructed by insertion of stylets of three different diameters. The catheter and the stylet were fixed inside the bladder. The model was tested in 12 @entity235 , which were stratified into three groups according to the diameter of the obstructing stylet. All the @entity235 were subjected to intravenous urography (IVU) and @entity38817 ( @entity38817 ) renal scan at 2 and 4 weeks following induction of partial @entity1695 . RESULTS: Three different grades of hydroureteronephrosis were obtained according to the diameter of the obstructing stylet. The IVU and @entity38817 renal scan studies were repeated at 2 and 4 weeks following removal of the ureteral catheter and ureteroneocystostomy and showed marked improvement in the configuration and function of the corresponding renoureteral units. CONCLUSIONS: Our experimental model fulfills the requirements for a useful model of partial @entity1695 , namely, simplicity, reliability, variability, and reversibility.

title: Partial @entity1695 : a new variable and reversible XXXX experimental model.

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity38817 :: ('MESH:D017263', 'Chemical') :: ['99mTc-MAG3', 'technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal timing of intravenous glucagon infusion for the treatment of @entity5327 . The @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) was occluded for 85 min in 106 Sprague-Dawley anesthetized @entity35 . The animals were divided into 12 treatment groups according to the timing of glucagon and saline administration, and survival was measured to 48 hr. Without treatment, all @entity35 died within 24 hr. Intravenous saline (10 ml/kg/hr) for 2 hr did not significantly improve 48-hr survival (17-33%). Glucagon (1.6 micrograms/kg/min iv) plus saline (10 mg/kg/hr iv) for 2 hr after @entity432 significantly improved survival from 33% (saline control) to 83% (P less than 0.02). The same treatment begun 1 hr before @entity6029 release (during @entity63 ) did not significantly improve survival (33% at 48 hr). Glucagon infusion during occlusive @entity5327 was detrimental when added to effective postischemia treatment, reducing survival from 83 to 33% (P less than 0.02). Adequate saline infusion was required for glucagon efficacy after @entity63 , as shown by an intermediate 48-hr survival of 50% when only maintenance saline (1.5 ml/kg/hr) was given. These data suggest that glucagon therapy should be delayed until after operative release of an @entity432 and should be accompanied by vigorous volume expansion.

title: Effect of intravenous glucagon on the survival of @entity35 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['SMA occlusion', 'acute SMA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia', 'mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: The common @entity44838 polymorphism ( @entity55431 ) of the @entity5705 gene ( @entity5705 ) has been associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , @entity731 , and @entity453 . In this study, we examined whether the polymorphism is associated with serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, as well as with subclinical @entity731 in Young Finns. The @entity1 comprised 2041 @entity1 and @entity1 (aged 24-39 years) enrolled in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with complete data concerning the @entity55431 polymorphism and serum lipids concentration. All @entity1 underwent an ultrasound examination for brachial artery @entity450 ( @entity450 ) and carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) measurement. The marker of arterial elasticity, carotid artery compliance (CAC), was also calculated by means of ultrasound and concomitant brachial blood pressure measurements. In all subjects, serum total @entity165 (p < 0.001), HDL @entity165 (p = 0.006), @entity1675 (apoAI, p < 0.001), and @entity412 (p = 0.009) concentrations increased according to @entity55431 genotype in the order CC, CT, and TT. The same order applied only to apoAI after adjustment for age, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking, @entity167 consumption, physical activity, @entity6 , @entity101 , contraceptive hormone use in @entity1 , and concentrations of @entity413 , insulin and @entity1851 in @entity1 and @entity1 separately (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively). The polymorphism was also associated with HDL @entity165 , total @entity165 , and @entity412 levels in @entity1 (adjusted p = 0.004, p = 0.007 and 0.02, respectively), but not in @entity1 (p was not significant for all). No significant association between the @entity55431 and @entity450 , @entity1004 , or CAC was found among the entire study population or among @entity1 or @entity1 separately, with or without adjustment for the above-mentioned factors. The @entity55431 is associated with serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations, especially in @entity1 , but does not seem to be a @entity450 , @entity1004 , or CAC in young healthy adults.

title: @entity5705 promoter XXXX polymorphism is associated with serum lipids levels, but not subclinical @entity731 : the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid IMT']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5705 :: ('3990', 'Gene') :: ['LIPC', 'hepatic lipase']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['brachial FMD', 'flow-mediated vasodilatation', 'FMD', 'determinant of brachial artery FMD']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein AI']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity44838 :: (c|SUB|C|-480|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C-480T']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Free roaming @entity468 (FRC) are highly abundant in cities around the world. Increasing populations of these @entity468 might result in impairment of cat welfare and cause nuisances and public health risks. In order to study the seasonal dynamics of FRC populations and its association with events of cat welfare impairment and nuisances, we analyzed a database of FRC-associated citizens' telephone complaint events, which were registered in five cities in Israel (total @entity1 population of 1.42 million residents) during the years 2007-2011. These complaint events were classified to the following six categories: cat's carcasses, kittens, parturition, @entity146 toward @entity1 , invasion to @entity1 facilities, and cat injuries and distress. Overall, 87,764 complaint events associated with these categories were registered in the five cities during the study period (123.2 complaint events per 10,000 citizens per year). Length of daylight was moderately correlated with the rate of complaints on kittens in the same month (r=0.64) and parturition in the previous month (r=0.54) (P<0.001). Both kitten and parturition-related complaints showed a prominent seasonal pattern, peaking in April and May, respectively, and declining gradually until November. 'Kittens' or 'parturition' were explicitly mentioned in 38%, 39% and 19%, respectively, of the complaints regarding cat @entity146 toward @entity1 , cat invasion to @entity1 facilities and cat injuries and distress. In most of the cities the rate of citizen complaints regarding carcasses, @entity146 , invasion and injuries were still significantly correlated with rate of complaints regarding kittens after omission of these joint complaints and remained significant after controlling for seasonality. These findings imply an association of cat welfare impairment and nuisances with FRC reproduction intensity. The current study revealed the high rate of nuisances and potential public health hazards related to FRC, as well as the impairment of cat welfare, which might be merely 'the tip of the iceberg' of the real welfare situation of these @entity468 . Further studies should examine the effectiveness of FRC population control strategies for the reduction of the rate of nuisances and public health risks related to FRC, as well as for improving their welfare.

title: Nuisances and welfare of free-roaming XXXX in urban settings and their association with cat reproduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive behavior', 'aggressiveness']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: The most common approaches used today for the correction of @entity91 involve large craniectomies and extensive @entity949 . Although these techniques ultimately yield very good cosmetic results, they have significant drawbacks. They are lengthy, expensive, associated with significant @entity190 , universally require transfusions, and often result in prolonged hospitalization.We present here our 5-year experience with correction of @entity91 using the recently described minimally invasive strip craniectomy followed by postoperative cranial vault helmet molding. During this period, we treated a total of 97 @entity1 with nonsyndromic single-suture @entity8213 . The first 46 of 67 @entity1 treated for @entity91 had at least 1 year of postoperative follow-up and were included in the analysis. There were 33 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 . @entity1 ' mean age at surgery was 3.1 months, and the mean weight was 6.1 kg. The mean operative time was 75 minutes. The estimated @entity190 during the procedure was 56 mL. Eight @entity1 received blood transfusions during surgery (17.4%) and 3 @entity1 received after surgery (6.5%). There were no significant @entity260 . The mean hospitalization was 2.2 days. Excellent aesthetic outcomes were noted in all @entity1 . The change in cranial index from a preoperative value of 0.7 to 0.8 postoperatively was virtually stabilized 3 months after the surgical intervention. Significantly better correction rates were observed in the youngest @entity1 .Because of its excellent attributes, minimally invasive strip craniectomy followed by postoperative helmet molding is likely to become the preferred treatment modality for the correction of @entity91 .

title: Minimally invasive strip craniectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity949 :: ('MESH:C566356', 'Disease') :: ['cranial vault remodeling']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal synostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['sagittal synostosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Multi-centre, single cohort. OBJECTIVES: To assess the needs, perceived environmental barriers, level of participation and psychological function of spinal cord injured @entity1 living in the community 3-18 months after discharge. SETTING: The National @entity3510 Centre, Stoke Mandeville, UK.; Princess Royal @entity3510 Centre, Sheffield UK.; Midlands Centre for @entity3510 , Oswestry, UK. METHOD: @entity1 sustaining injury aged 18 or above were recruited from one of three @entity1566 units 3-18 months after discharge. Postal packs containing questionnaires, consent forms and information were distributed and a 2-week reminder was sent. RESULTS: Main findings showed community needs to be generally well addressed however psychosocial needs were rated significantly lower than physical. Responses suggested no environmental impact on participation levels, however, qualitative data highlighted delays in accommodation, adaptations and availability of equipment to interfere with transition to community living. A substantial amount of respondents reported significant impact on independence and activity from secondary conditions and @entity158 . Nearly all the sample reported dissatisfaction with their sexual life and these needs were not well addressed. CONCLUSIONS: Societal participation continues to be affected by secondary conditions and @entity158 , whereas delays in equipment and structural adaptations impact on the transition to community living. Sexual needs and problems remain an issue for the spinal cord injured population and a need which is left unaddressed in the community.

title: A multi-centre study of the community needs of XXXX with @entity1566 : the first 18 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: To determine which immunohistochemical markers are useful for the identification of neoplastic myoepithelial cells in @entity0 , the expression of seven myoepithelial markers (a-smooth muscle actin ( @entity1970 ), calponin, @entity4206 , @entity2282 , @entity4205 , @entity6881 , and S-100) was examined in 19 lesions from 16 @entity1 . The lesion consisted of seven spindle and 12 clear cell lesions. For normal myoepithelial cells, @entity1970 , calponin, and @entity4206 were significantly more sensitive than @entity4205 , @entity6881 , and S-100. There was no significant difference in the expression of @entity1970 , calponin, @entity4206 , and @entity2282 in neoplastic myoepithelial cells of @entity20372 regardless of spindle or clear cell types. In spindle cell lesions, high-molecular weight cytokeratins (HMWCK; @entity4205 and @entity6881 ) tended to show higher staining scores and S-100 showed lower staining scores than other markers. In clear cell lesions, HMWCK showed significantly lower staining scores than the other five markers. There was no significant difference in staining scores among the other five markers. HMWCK showed a unique paradoxical staining pattern in clear cell lesions, with diffusely positive inner epithelial cells and completely negative outer myoepithelial cells. Although the sensitivity of HMWCK in clear cell lesions is low, with this unique paradoxical staining pattern and relatively high sensitivity in spindle cell lesions, HMWCK could be useful in diagnosing @entity20372 . In choosing immunohistochemical markers, any of the seven markers are useful, but combining HMWCK and any one of @entity1970 , calponin, and @entity4206 would be a good panel for the diagnosis of @entity20372 .

title: Immunohistochemical expression of myoepithelial markers in XXXX : a unique paradoxical staining pattern of high-molecular weight cytokeratins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyoepithelioma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity20372 :: ('MESH:D055331', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyoepithelioma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['adenomyoepithelioma of the breast']


abstract: The failure of linear radiofrequency lesions to effectively replace operative therapy for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is largely related to the inability to produce complete lines of conduction block. While pulmonary vein ablation enjoys success in @entity1 with @entity955 , @entity1 with persistent @entity955 and permanent @entity955 fair less well. As such, a minimally-invasive, preferably "off pump" robotically-assisted procedure for complex @entity943 like @entity955 remains highly desirable. The shift to access from a mini-thoracotomy or port access will limit visualization and direct access to the ablation target. For the most part, the tools to overcome these limitations are not yet developed. As these develop, it is critical for the electrophysiologic effects of the delivered lesions to be assessed. With the development of non-fluoroscopic mapping systems and advances in imaging, a hybrid operative, electrophysiology (EP) suite can be equipped to provide full support for the surgeon and electrophysiologist. This will provide the opportunity to assess the efficacy and safety of ablation lesions, ideally with direct feedback to the surgeon. A hybrid approach will provide the opportunity to gain insights into the success and failure of specific ablation tools, approaches and lesions. This step will be crucial in understanding why specific procedures ultimately fail to cure @entity955 and other complex @entity943 .

title: Hybrid approach for minimally-invasive operative therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'paroxysmal AF']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vaginal @entity3 from organs other than the uterus is rare. Generally, @entity1 with vaginal @entity3 from @entity14 have a dismal prognosis. Although biopsy is the best method to make the diagnosis, @entity548 may occur. On the other hand, liquid-based cytology (LBC) has the utility to perform immunocytochemistry on additional unstained slides: we can make a diagnosis with several immunocytochemical findings. CASE: A 67-year-old postmenopausal female presented to our hospital with @entity3556 . The @entity1 had undergone colectomy because of her stage III sigmoid @entity694 3 years earlier. The @entity1 had also undergone hysterectomy for @entity5 30 years earlier. LBC from the vaginal stump revealed @entity420 . Immunocytochemically, @entity5 cells were negative for @entity5822 and positive for @entity2225 , which suggested @entity3 from the sigmoid @entity694 ; the diagnosis was made without a biopsy. CONCLUSION: When the @entity1 has a metastatic lesion from @entity694 , LBC with immunocytochemistry is useful in making a diagnosis.

title: Vaginal stump @entity3 from sigmoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To apply a new setup, combining the benefits of high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with microscope-based neuronavigation, providing anatomical and functional guidance, in @entity11 surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MR imaging was performed using a 1.5 T scanner, located in a radiofrequency-shielded operating theatre. The @entity1 is lying on a rotating operating table, which is locked at the 160 degree position for surgery at the 5 G zone and turned into the scanner for imaging. The microscope, placed in the 5 G zone, in combination with a ceiling mounted navigation system enables microscope-based neuronavigation; integrated data from magnetoencephalography and functional MRI provide functional guidance. RESULTS: 126 @entity1 were investigated with intraoperative high-field MRI, among them were 37 @entity1 with @entity11 . In the biopsy/catheter group (n = 8) MRI reliably depicted the needle position or the location of catheter placement. In the group with @entity11 resection (n = 29) intraoperative MRI revealed that the surgical objective was not achieved in 28%, leading to further @entity5 removal. We did not observe complications attributable to intraoperative high-field MRI. Image quality was not diminished by the operating room equipment, so that there was nearly no noticeable difference between pre- and intraoperative image quality. Neuronavigational guidance was applied in 31 @entity1 : the integrated use of functional data prevented an increased morbidity despite extended resections. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative high-field MRI allows a reliable delineation of the extent of resection in @entity11 surgery. If the surgical objective was not met, a modification of the surgical strategy during the same operation is possible, thus leading to more radical resections. Furthermore, high-field MRI offers increased image quality and a much broader spectrum of different imaging modalities, compared to previous intraoperative low-field systems.

title: Preliminary experience in XXXX surgery with intraoperative high-field MRI.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. In a recent study, it was reported that the ER stress pathway was activated in the lungs of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated @entity19 . It was also found that the @entity3726 ( @entity3726 ), an apoptosis-related molecule, played a key role in LPS-induced @entity358 . The aim of this study was to verify whether LPS could activate the ER stress response in airway epithelial cells and which molecule was involved in the pathway. This study was also aimed at finding new reagents to protect the airway epithelial cells during @entity130 . METHODS: ER stress markers were observed in LPS-incubated NCI-H292 cells. SiRNA- @entity5089 was transfected into NCI-H292 cells. The effects of @entity619 and @entity2929 were observed in LPS-induced NCI-H292 cells. RESULTS: LPS incubation increased the expression of ER stress markers at the protein and mRNA levels. The knockout of @entity5089 in cells attenuated the increase in ER stress markers after incubation with LPS. @entity619 and @entity2929 decreased @entity522 activity in LPS-induced NCI-H292 cells. CONCLUSIONS: LPS may activate ER stress through the overexpression of @entity5089 . @entity619 may protect @entity1 airway epithelial cells against ER stress-related apoptosis by attenuating the overload of @entity5089 .

title: XXXX protects airway epithelial cell line NCI-H292 against lipopolysaccharide induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity3726 :: ('1649', 'Gene') :: ['C/EBP homologous protein', 'CHOP']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['LPS injury']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: A prospective study was conducted of 865 @entity1 with @entity1596 to determine the frequency of associated @entity262 and to assess the value of limited laboratory screening of these @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent a standard diagnostic protocol followed--when indicated--by special tests and procedures performed in order of likelihood ('tailored approach'). For 628 @entity1 (73%) a specific diagnosis was established based on history, ophthalmologic examination, and laboratory and radiographic studies. A definite association with @entity262 was determined for 220 @entity1 (26%). A relationship with a subclinical @entity74 could be presumed in 201 cases (23%) and a well-established clinical @entity1596 entity without a recognisable @entity74 was present in 207 cases (24%). For 237 @entity1 (27%) a diagnosis could not be determined. The most frequently observed @entity262 were @entity370 (7%) and @entity1530 -associated seronegative @entity5145 (6%). Presumed or definite @entity3252 was encountered in 10% of cases. @entity1530 -associated @entity6990 was the most common clinical entity (17%). In the majority of cases the presence of a @entity262 was not suspected prior to eye involvement and was only recognised after the subsequent diagnostic procedures.

title: XXXX and @entity262 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6990 :: ('MESH:D014606', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases', 'systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondylarthropathies']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['Uveitis']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with symptoms of " @entity9065 " were subject to a controlled study of deep versus superficial acupuncture. The @entity1 were evaluated by a detailed questionnaire concerning their occupational, environmental, and medical history. Blood samples were taken as well. @entity1 were randomized to deep or superficial acupuncture. Both groups improved significantly in key variables during and after treatment. There were no group differences. There were no changes in biological variables apart from a gradual and continuous increase in serum @entity701 and a decrease in neuropeptide Y, which was somewhat more accentuated in those receiving deep acupuncture. This rise in @entity701 may have contributed to decreased dermal symptoms among the @entity1 . It is hypothesized that the positive treatment results observed are partly due to weakening of the conditioned response, linking bodily symptoms to environmental agents. To date, a number of different methods have been tried in the management of @entity1 with @entity9065 . However, only rarely have the treatments been evaluated in controlled studies.

title: A nonconventional approach to the treatment of " XXXX ".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9065 :: ('MESH:D018876', 'Disease') :: ['environmental illness']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity9065 :: (MESH:D018876,Disease) :: ['environmental illness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity231 in the middle-aged urban population and the relation between @entity231 and @entity209 and @entity209 components. METHODS: The survey was carried out in Kaunas City, Lithuania, from 2001 to 2002, according to WHO MONICA study protocol. The ophthalmologic investigation was performed for 1282 respondents (573 @entity1 and 709 @entity1 ) aged 35-64 years. @entity231 was defined at slit lamp using LOCS III method. @entity209 was defined by ATP III criteria. RESULTS: @entity231 was found in 17.6% of @entity1 and 19.0% of @entity1 (p>0.05). @entity209 was detected in 19.5% of @entity1 and 25.7% of @entity1 (p<0.05). After distribution of @entity1 into 10-year age groups (35-44, 45-54, 55-64), the prevalence of @entity231 and @entity209 among @entity1 and @entity1 significantly increased with age. A relation between @entity231 and @entity209 was found for @entity1 aged 55-64 years and for @entity1 aged 45-64 years: the prevalence of @entity231 in @entity1 with @entity209 was 1.3 times higher (43.8% vs 32.9%; OR=1.59 [95% CI, 0.77-3.26]) and in @entity1 with @entity209 1.4 times higher (31.8% vs. 22.6%; OR=1.60 [95% CI, 1.03-2.49]) than in @entity1 of the same age and sex without @entity209 . For @entity1 aged 4-64 years @entity231 was significantly related to @entity1144 (OR=1.80 [95% CI, 1.01-3.20]) and for @entity1 aged 45-64 years @entity231 was significantly related to higher arterial pressure (OR=1.98 [95% CI, 1.21-3.25]), @entity1144 (OR=1.54 [95% CI, 1.01-2.35]), and elevated level of serum @entity1674 (OR=1.86 [95% CI, 1.20-2.90]). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the prevalence of @entity231 in urban @entity1 45-64 years of age with @entity209 was significantly higher than in @entity1 of this age without @entity209 .

title: Relation between XXXX and @entity209 and its components.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein whose expression has been correlated with progression and @entity3 in @entity694 . It is expressed at elevated levels in a variety of neoplastic cells. The current study was designed to investigate, by clinicopathological analysis, the relationship between prognosis and galectin-3 expression, in @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Galectin-3 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in 121 consecutive @entity1 with @entity14 . The relationship between galectin-3 expression and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. RESULTS: Galectin-3-positive expression was detected in 79 @entity1 (65%). The incidence of lymph node and distant @entity3 in galectin 3-positive @entity5 was significantly higher than that in galectin-3-negative cases (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.014, respectively). Furthermore, cancers with galectin-3-positive expression revealed frequent venous invasion (p = 0.005) and lymphatic permeation (p = 0.041), larger size (p = 0.016) and deeper invasion to wall(p = 0.01) than in galectin-3-negative cases. While univariate analysis showed that survival in @entity1 with galectin-3-positive expression was significantly poorer than in galectin-3-negative cases (p = 0.0027), galectin-3 expression was a prognostic factor independent of Dukes' stage and lymph node @entity3 by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: We propose that galectin-3 expression is an independent factor for prognosis in @entity14 .

title: Galectin-3 expression is a potent prognostic marker in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Selected clinical and laboratory parameters were studied respectively in @entity1 with @entity693 caused by enterococci and viridans streptococci in an academic @entity1 's hospital. During a nine-year period (1981-1989), enterococci or viridans streptococci were isolated from the cerobrospinal fluid (CSF) of 48 @entity1 . In nine of these 48 @entity1 , enterococci or viridans streptococci were the causative agents of @entity693 . These nine @entity1 constituted 2.0% of 450 @entity1 with @entity4008 in this period. All nine @entity1 suffered from underlying diseases; neurosurgical procedures were performed in six of these @entity1 , of whom four had ventricular drains. A @entity542 preceded the development of @entity693 in another @entity1 . Drainage of the lacrimal duct was associated with the development of @entity693 in another @entity1 . One @entity1 concurrently suffered from severe @entity1902 . CSF leukocyte count and CSF protein levels were moderately elevated, whereas CSF @entity413 levels were either slightly decreased or within the normal range. @entity693 due to enterococci or viridans streptococci is seen predominantly in @entity1 under the age of one year. Predisposing factors, including neurosurgical procedures, @entity542 and severe @entity1902 , are usually present in these @entity1 . The prognosis for recovery is generally good.

title: Childhood XXXX caused by enterococci and viridans streptococci.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty surrounding the influence of prior antiplatelet agent use on outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute @entity385 . AIM: We performed a systematic review with a final meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prior antiplatelet use before intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute @entity385 . SUMMARY OF REVIEW: We searched PubMed and Embase databases from 1997 to 2014. Primary outcome was functional outcome at the end of follow-up; secondary outcomes were symptomatic @entity932 and recanalization rate. The meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5  2 (Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2012). Eleven studies with a total of 19   453 @entity1 were included. A total of 6517 (33  5%) @entity1 who had received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator were taking antiplatelet agent before @entity64 onset. Pooled analysis demonstrated a clear trend that previous antiplatelet users had a reduced probability of good outcome, although it was not conventionally statistically significant (OR 0  86; 95% CI 0  73-1  01; P   =   0  06). There was no difference in recanalization rate between two groups (OR 1  23; 95% CI 0  30-4  99; P   =   0  77). The risk of symptomatic @entity932 was significantly increased in the antiplatelet group (OR 1  65; 95% CI 1  44-1  90; P   <   0  01). CONCLUSIONS: In acute @entity385 @entity1 receiving intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy, prior antiplatelet agent use did not lead to a significant difference in functional outcome, although it significantly increased the risk of symptomatic @entity932 . Recanalization rate was not different between two groups. In the subgroup analysis, prior @entity1397 mono therapy may not increase the risk of symptomatic @entity932 , which will need further studies to confirm.

title: Prior antiplatelet agent use and outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute XXXX : a meta-analysis of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Research evaluating unfractionated heparin (UFH) dosing in @entity28 critically ill populations is limited. This study aimed to determine optimal weight-based and total therapeutic infusion rates of UFH in this population. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study compared adults on UFH infusions in intensive care units from May 2011 through October 2013 across 3 weight strata: 95 to 104 kg (control), 105 to 129 kg (high weight), and greater than or equal to 130 kg (higher weight). Primary outcomes included total and weight-based infusion rates for therapeutic anticoagulation. RESULTS: To achieve therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin times, higher weight @entity1 had higher mean infusion rates compared with control (2017 vs 1582 U/h; P = .002). Mean weight-based therapeutic infusion rate was lower in the higher weight group compared with control (13.1 vs 15.8 U kg(-1) h(-1); P = .008). Post hoc analyses indicated mean weight-based infusion rate to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation was 15 U kg(-1) h(-1) in @entity1 less than 165 kg and 13 U kg(-1) h(-1) in @entity1 greater than 165 kg. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 greater than or equal to 130 kg have lower weight-based heparin requirements compared with @entity1 95 to 104 kg. This difference appears to be driven by @entity1 greater than 165 kg. @entity1 greater than 165 kg have lower weight-based heparin requirements, whereas @entity1 from 105 to 164 kg have weight-based requirements similar to a normal-weight @entity1 population. Initiating heparin at appropriate weight-based doses for @entity28 @entity1 may optimize anticoagulation.

title: Unfractionated heparin dosing for therapeutic anticoagulation in critically ill XXXX adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The results of a phase III, clinical trial of local microwave @entity221 (target = 2 x 44 degrees C for 30 min) and megavoltage radiation (4 x 9 Gy fractions) in the treatment of 145 naturally occurring @entity235 @entity135 are reported. @entity1 were re-examined at regular intervals following treatment until @entity204 . The median follow up time was 90 weeks. @entity5 response, @entity1 survival and normal tissue @entity137 were analysed by treatment allocation. There was no significant difference in @entity5 response nor @entity1 survival between the two treatment groups. There was no difference in acute normal tissue @entity137 but there was a suggestion that @entity1 receiving RT and @entity101 may suffer a higher incidence of late skin reactions. Histological type and @entity5 volume were of prognostic significance with @entity5 and @entity189 showing higher response rates. There were also positive associations between minimum @entity5 dose and @entity5 response and percentage of @entity5 heated and @entity5 response. The results of this study must be interpreted in the knowledge of limitations on the dose and fractionation schedule for radiation therapy, the small number of @entity221 treatments applied and the variation in @entity5 type and size that is inevitable in a clinical study. It is concluded that the quality of @entity221 in terms of intra- @entity5 temperatures and the uniformity of heating is of paramount importance in governing response to adjuvant @entity221 .

title: Response of 145 spontaneous @entity235 @entity135 to radiation versus radiation plus microwave XXXX : results of a randomized phase III clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['best tumour', 'smaller tumours', 'Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group undertook a trial to ascertain whether positron emission tomography with @entity419 could detect lesions that would preclude pulmonary resection in a group of @entity1 with documented or suspected @entity1149 found to be surgical candidates by routine staging procedures. METHODS: A total of 303 eligible @entity1 registered from 22 institutions underwent positron emission tomography after routine staging (computed tomography of chest and upper abdomen, bone scintigraphy, and brain imaging) had deemed their @entity5 resectable. Positive findings required confirmatory procedures. RESULTS: Positron emission tomography was significantly better than computed tomography for the detection of N1 and N2/N3 disease (42% vs 13%, P =.0177, and 58% vs 32%, P =.0041, respectively). The negative predictive value of positron emission tomography for mediastinal node disease was 87%. Unsuspected @entity3 or second @entity5 was identified in 18 of 287 @entity1 (6.3%). Distant @entity3 indicated in 19 of 287 @entity1 (6.6%) was subsequently shown to be benign. By correctly identifying advanced disease (stages IIIA, IIIB, and IV) or benign lesions, positron emission tomography potentially avoided unnecessary thoracotomy in 1 of 5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with suspected or proven @entity1149 considered resectable by standard staging procedures, positron emission tomography can prevent nontherapeutic thoracotomy in a significant number of cases. Use of positron emission tomography for mediastinal staging should not be relied on as a sole staging modality, and positive findings should be confirmed by mediastinoscopy. @entity3 , especially a single site, identified by positron emission tomography requires further confirmatory evaluation.

title: Results of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0050 trial: the utility of positron emission tomography in staging potentially operable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two revisions of broken b- @entity702 total  hip stems had to be performed in our hospital after 2 and 4  years in situ. Since both  @entity174 were located at the level of a laser engraving, a failure analysis was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both retrieved hip stems were disinfected and collected in our retrieval database after @entity1 's signed agreement. Each fragment was macroscopically photographed. @entity174 surfaces were analyzed using @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Quantification of element content was conducted using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. RESULTS: Both stems show @entity1642 , as displayed by the lines of rest on the @entity174 surface. The origin of @entity174 was identified directly at the laser engraving of the company logo at both stems  by means of @entity4653 . The EDX analysis showed an @entity26 level beneath the laser engraving about twice as high as in the substrate, causing material embrittlement. CONCLUSIONS: Laser engravings need to be reduced to a minimum of necessary information, and should be placed at locations with minimum mechanical load. Biomechanical analyses are recommended to identify less loaded areas in implant components to avoid such implant failures.

title: Laser engravings as reason for mechanical failure of XXXX -alloyed total hip stems.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue fracture']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e18058 Background: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) accounts for 80-85% of all diagnosed @entity2 in which nonsquamous predominates histology subgroups. Over 70% of @entity1149 @entity1 are locally advanced or metastatic diseases and @entity902 -based doublets remain the treatment backbone resulting in better survival and quality of life. Pemetrexed/ @entity902 has become an efficacious regimen in non-squamous @entity1149 . METHODS: Two @entity902 -doublet regimens were utilized in this phase II trial for newly diagnosed stage IIIb ( @entity3483 )/IV @entity1149 @entity1 . For @entity189 , 16 @entity1 were planned to receive 500 mg/m(2) of pemetrexed in combination with @entity902 ( @entity900 80 mg/m(2) or @entity3003 AUC = 5) and 16 @entity1 with 175 mg/m(2) of @entity1311 in combination with @entity902 . Eight @entity1 with @entity957 were allocated to @entity1311 and @entity900 . Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression with 6 cycles maximum. Response evaluation was performed every 2 cycles. RESULTS: From December 2009 to December 2010, 33 @entity1149 @entity1 gave consent. Three @entity1 were excluded from the analysis ( @entity204 before treatment, co-primary @entity5 , and unmet liver function, each). Among 30 eligible @entity1 , 26 @entity1 had nonsquamous whereas 4 @entity1 were squamous histology. Fifteen @entity1 in the non-squamous group received pemetrexed/ @entity902 and 11 @entity1 received @entity1311 / @entity902 . Responses and grade 3/4 @entity137 to each treatment regimen was described in the table. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of pemetrexed/ @entity902 regimen to the non-squamous @entity1149 tends to provide better response with tolerable @entity137 profile compared to the @entity1311 / @entity902 . Survival benefit needs to be followed and further evaluated. [Table: see text].

title: Phase II study of histology-guided chemotherapy in stage IIIb/IV XXXX with pemetrexed plus @entity902 for @entity189 and taxane plus @entity902 for @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nonsquamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Sasang constitutional medicine is a major branch of Korean traditional Oriental medicine. The differences of disease susceptibility to be shown in Sasang constitution may be due to genetic factors. Therefore, the authors examined relationship between candidate genes of @entity385 ( @entity10267 ) and Sasang constitution. The homozygous deletion allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene ( @entity1289 / @entity336 ), homozygous @entity1889 allele of the @entity2178 gene (AGN/TT), and the e4 allele of the @entity2204 gene ( @entity2204 /e4) are reported to be associated with @entity741 . @entity10267 is another @entity731 ; and the effects of these polymorphisms on @entity10267 have been confusing. This study investigated whether @entity1289 / @entity336 , AGN/TT, and @entity2204 /e4 genotypes are associated with @entity10267 and whether genetic risk is enhanced by Sasang constitutional classification. The authors ascertained these genotypes in @entity1 with @entity10267 (N=211), diagnosed by brain computed tomography. Control subjects for the @entity1188 group were randomly selected from 319 subjects matched for age, sex, and history of @entity101 with @entity1 . The @entity1289 / @entity336 genotype was not associated with @entity10267 . However, there was significant association between @entity2204 polymorphism and @entity10267 ( @entity10267 , p<.05). Furthermore, frequency of AGN/TT genotype was higher in the @entity1 with @entity10267 than in the controls (chi2=20.072, p<.05). The frequency of T allele was 0.91 in @entity1 and 0.82 in controls (chi2=17.237, p<.05). However, Sasang constitutional classification did not increase the relative risk for @entity10267 in the subjects with @entity2204 /e4 or AGN/T allele. These results suggest that @entity2204 and AGN polymorphism predict @entity10267 , but Sasang constitutional classification does not enhance the risk for @entity10267 associated with @entity2204 /e4 or AGN/TT in a Korean population.

title: Candidate genes of XXXX and traditional classification in Koreans with @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'ApoE']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: A multiple center double blind study was performed to study the effectiveness of Cernilton (CN) on @entity1067 in comparison to Paraprost (PP). Among a total of 192 @entity1 , overall effect was studied on 159 @entity1 , overall safety rate on 178 @entity1 and rate of effectiveness on 159 @entity1 . There were no differences between the two groups in the selected @entity1 , criteria for exclusion and drop out cases or background data of the @entity1 . Impression of @entity1 and overall effect by committee and physician judgment were slightly higher in the CN group compared to the PP group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. For the improvement in subjective symptoms, the rate of moderate improvement or more after 4 weeks by committee judgement was higher in the CN group compared to the PP group. The rate of improvement in protracted miction, which is an effective marker of urinary disturbance, was also higher in the CN group compared to the PP group. An analysis of objective symptoms showed a significant improvement in residual urinary volume, average flow rate, maximum flow rate and prostatic weight in the CN group. A significant improvement in the phased change of residual urinary volume was also seen in the CN group. No side effects or abnormalities in clinical test levels were noted in the CN group. By committee judgement, the rate of more than moderate effectiveness was 49.1% in the CN group compared to 41.2% in the PP group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. By physician's judgment, the rate of more than moderate effectiveness was 49.4% in the CN group compared to 46.3% in the PP group, but there was also no significant difference between the two groups. These results suggested that @entity58927 was an effective drug for @entity1067 .

title: [Clinical evaluation of Cernilton on XXXX --a multiple center double-blind study with Paraprost].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity58927 :: ('MESH:C010070', 'Chemical') :: ['Cernilton']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmaceutical manufacturing workers are exposed to significant amounts of product ingredients, including antibiotics. Such exposure could affect their nasal microflora. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of exposure to various unidentified pharmaceutical ingredients in @entity5898 -manufacturing and non- @entity5898 plants on the nasal carriage of @entity794 spp. and their antibiotic resistance. METHODS: Nasal swab samples were collected from 39 workers in both plants on three different occasions. Staphylococci were isolated and identified to genus level. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined and subsequent identification to species level was performed. RESULTS: There was complete absence of @entity794 in the samples collected from workers in both facilities. Multiple drug resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MDR CONS) prevalence rates were higher in the non- @entity5898 plant than in the @entity5898 plant, with resistance towards six classes of antibiotics. @entity5938 was the prevalent species in the non- @entity5898 plant and @entity5939 prevailed in the @entity5898 -producing plant. CONCLUSIONS: The observed prevalence of CONS in both production plants was the same. However, exposure to intermittent non- @entity5898 pharmaceuticals results in higher prevalence of MDR CONS compared to continuous exposure to @entity5898 .

title: Occupational exposure of pharmaceutical workers to drug actives and excipients and their effect on XXXX spp. nasal carriage and antibiotic resistance.

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity5939 :: ('1283', 'Species') :: ['S. haemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus']


abstract: It is well known that some fetal antigens are expressed in @entity5 cells. Likewise, @entity1313 , especially histologically malignant cases, may have any antigenic relationships with fetal brain. So, we investigated the relationship by immunohistochemical technique, utilizing a polyclonal antibody to @entity19 fetal stage-specific polypeptide "GP68". We prepared GP68 from homogenate of head part of embryos at the 14th day of gestation @entity19 by RCA-1 agarose column chromatography. And immunized it to @entity95 and the titer was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We analyzed operatively resected @entity1313 and autopsy brain tissues. Frozen tissues were fixed in cold @entity1324 and immunostained with anti-GP68 serum according to @entity1885 -streptavidin peroxidase method. Remained tissues were homogenized in Laemmli's sample buffer and electrophoresed. The proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membrane and immunostained with anti-GP68. Normal brain tissues were not positively stained, except for capillary endothelium which showed a weak staining. On the other hand, @entity1313 of neuroectodermal origin were positively stained in varying degrees, and other @entity5 were negative. It is especially noteworthy that, in @entity816 cases, there exists a definite correlation between the intensity of stain and the degree of histological malignancy. Immunoblot studies demonstrated a very weak band at 68 @entity573 in normal brain and @entity1653 . In contrast, very strong band at the same position was seen in malignant @entity816 . These results suggested that in @entity1313 , especially those of neuroectodermal origin, GP68 antigen is expressed and the degree of expression is related to their histological malignancy. So this fetal antigen may be useful for evaluation of biological @entity11 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX fetal brain specific protein "GP68" is expressed in human @entity5 cells].

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Japanese white rabbits']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: The combination of @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ), bolus @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (FA) (Saltz regimen) has recently been questioned as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic @entity14 after high early @entity204 rates due to gastrointestinal and @entity1031 events were reported in two US trials. Therefore, we carefully evaluated the safety and efficacy of this regimen, with high value placed on the management of delayed @entity294 . Forty-six @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 received this first-line treatment in nine German outpatient clinics. Dose reductions were mandatory from the first cycle in case of @entity137 grade >2. Chemotherapy was administered only to @entity294 -free @entity1 . During a total of 175 cycles administered treatments were delayed for 1 week in 11.6% and given at a reduced dose in 14.5%. All and 40 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and response, respectively. Grade 3/4 @entity137 included @entity294 (n=10), @entity1431 (n=9), @entity1398 (n=3) and @entity417 (n=4). One non-fatal @entity1151 occurred. Four complete responses (CR) and 10 partial responses were seen, for an overall response rate of 35%. In addition, 16 @entity1 (40%) had stable disease. Resectability of liver metastases was achieved in three @entity1 , including one pathologically confirmed CR. Median progression-free and overall survival were 5 and 13 months, respectively. We conclude that outpatient treatment with the Saltz regimen was well tolerated. Severe @entity344 and @entity1031 events were rarely observed and never fatal. As down-staging was possible, combinations of @entity2600 and FA/ @entity1487 should be further investigated in neoadjuvant protocols.

title: Safety and efficacy of outpatient treatment with @entity2600 plus bolus @entity4181 / @entity1487 as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We have previously shown that stretching cardiac myocytes evokes activation of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and 90-kD ribosomal S6 kinase (p90rsk). To clarify the signal transduction pathways from external mechanical stress to nuclear gene expression in stretch-induced @entity1283 , we have elucidated protein kinase cascade of phosphorylation by examining the time course of activation of MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), MAPKs, and p90rsk in neonatal @entity35 cardiac myocytes. Mechanical stretch transiently increased the activity of MAPKKKs. An increase in MAPKKKs activity was first detected at 1 min and maximal activation was observed at 2 min after stretch. The activity of MAPKK was increased by stretch from 1-2 min, with a peak at 5 min after stretch. In addition, MAPKs and p90rsk were maximally activated at 8 min and at 10 approximately 30 min after stretch, respectively. @entity18945 kinase ( @entity18945 ) and (MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase) kinase kinase (MEKK), both of which have MAPKKK activity, were also activated by stretching cardiac myocytes for 2 min. The @entity1808 receptor antagonist partially suppressed activation of @entity18945 and MAPKs by stretch. The stretch-induced @entity1184 responses such as activation of @entity18945 and MAPKs and an increase in @entity535 uptake was partially dependent on @entity7131 , while a @entity7131 inhibitor completely abolished MAPK activation by @entity1808 . These results suggest that mechanical stress activates the protein kinase cascade of phosphorylation in cardiac myocytes in the order of @entity18945 and MEKK, MAPKK, MAPKs and p90rsk, and that @entity1808 , which may be secreted from stretched myocytes, may be partly involved in stretch-induced @entity1184 responses by activating @entity7131 .

title: Mechanical stress activates protein kinase cascade of phosphorylation in neonatal XXXX cardiac myocytes.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aetiology of increased incidence of @entity174 during puberty is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether low volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in the distal radius is associated with @entity3140 in growing @entity1 , and whether any such vBMD deficit persists into adulthood. @entity174 history from birth to 20 years was obtained and verified by medical records in 1034 Finnish @entity1 aged 10-13 years. Bone density and geometry at distal radius, biomarkers and lifestyle/behavioural factors were assessed in a subset of 396 @entity1 with a 7.5-year follow-up. We found that @entity174 incidence peaked during puberty (relative risk 3.1 at age of 8-14 years compared to outside this age window), and 38% of @entity174 were in the upper-limb. Compared to the non- @entity174 cohort, @entity1 who sustained @entity3140 at ages 8-14 years had lower distal radial vBMD at baseline (258.9+/-37.5 vs. 287.5+/-34.1 mg/cm(3), p=0.001), 1-year (252.0+/-29.3 vs. 282.6+/-33.5 mg/cm(3), p=0.001), 2-year (258.9+/-32.2 vs. 289.9+/-40.1 mg/cm(3), p=0.003), and 7-year follow-ups (early adulthood, 307.6+/-35.9 vs. 343.6+/-40.9 mg/cm(3), p=0.002). There was a consistent trend towards larger bone cross-sectional area in the @entity174 cohort compared to non- @entity174 . In a logistic regression model, lower vBMD (p=0.001) was the only significant predictor of @entity3140 during the period of 8-14 years. Our results indicate that low BMD is an important factor underlying elevated @entity3140 risk during puberty, and that low BMD in pubertal @entity1 with @entity174 persists into adulthood. Hence low vBMD during childhood is not a transient deficit. Methods to monitor vBMD and to maximise bone mineral accrual and reduce risks of falling in childhood should be developed.

title: Low volumetric BMD is linked to XXXX in pubertal @entity1 and persists into adulthood: a seven-year cohort study.

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper-limb fracture', 'upper-limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['upper-limb fracture']


abstract: One-kidney, figure-8 renal wrap or sham operation was performed on male and female @entity35 to determine if a difference existed in the expression of @entity101 between the sexes. Animals were prepared with radiotelemetry transmitters to monitor mean arterial pressure and heart rate continuously throughout an 8-week study. Dietary @entity1372 content was changed during the post-renal-wrap period from normal (100 micromol/g chow) to high (2000 micromol/g chow) to low (<2 micromol/g chow) to assess @entity1372 sensitivity. Both male and female @entity35 experienced an increase in arterial pressure after the renal-wrap procedure; however, the @entity101 was significantly attenuated in the females. High salt caused a further increase in both groups of @entity35 that was again attenuated in the female @entity35 . Low @entity1372 diet reduced arterial pressure in all groups of @entity35 . Heart rate was significantly elevated in the female @entity35 during all dietary interventions. The data were fit to a cosine function to analyze circadian rhythm changes. An increase in the light/dark difference for arterial pressure in the @entity101 @entity35 during high salt diet resulted in an increase in the circadian amplitude (range of the rhythm). In the normotensive @entity35 fed a high salt diet, the arterial pressure acrophase (peak of rhythm) was delayed while the heart rate acrophase was shifted to an earlier time. These studies showed that female @entity35 are protected against one-kidney, figure-8 renal-wrap @entity101 and are less sensitive to the effects of @entity1372 .

title: Sexual dimorphism of @entity1372 -sensitive renal-wrap XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity788 are primary. The pancreas can however be the site of @entity3 from @entity0 . The value of surgical treatment is unclear in such situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical therapy in @entity1 with isolated metastases to the pancreas. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent pancreatic surgery for malignant disease from 1999 to 2005 (n=338) at the department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, the Royal London Hospital, London, were evaluated from a retrospective pancreatic database. Five @entity1 had metastatic @entity788 . Surgical outcome and survival were examined in this subset of @entity1 . RESULTS: The primary @entity5 was @entity1358 (n=2), breast (n=1), colon (n=1) and ovarian (n=1). The two @entity1 with @entity1358 developed pancreatic metastases years from the primary diagnosis. Both @entity1 are alive 56 and 36 months post surgery. Two @entity1 with breast and ovarian primary presented years after diagnosis of the primary but had advanced unresectable disease. There was one @entity1 with colonic primary and synchronous pancreatic @entity3 , and had a colectomy and Whipple's operation, and is alive 64 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The pancreas is an uncommon site for @entity3 . @entity1 can present years after the treatment of primary. Long-term survival can be achieved with pancreatic resection in a highly selected subset of @entity1 , and @entity1 with primary @entity1358 seem to have a favorable prognosis.

title: Surgery for secondary XXXX of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer, lung, colon and breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) is the definitive surgical treatment for @entity323 ( @entity323 ), yet it is often delayed for a variety of reasons. From commercial and Medicare claims data, we previously developed a tool for determining a @entity1 's likelihood of eventually receiving PPI. We validated this instrument's utility by comparing cohorts receiving surgical (PPI) versus non-surgical @entity323 management at a single institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prediction model was based on a logistic regression incorporating claims data on demographics, comorbidities and @entity323 therapy. A risk score is calculated from the model as the product of relative risks for the individual variables. The current validation was a retrospective analysis of @entity323 @entity1 seen at this institution from January to December 2012. Inclusion criteria included @entity323 diagnosis and either first-time PPI or non-surgical treatment (controls). Risk scores for @entity1 receiving PPI were compared to those of non-surgical controls. RESULTS: We established a cohort of 60 PPI @entity1 (mean age 54.4    9.5) and compared them with 120 non-PPI @entity1 (mean age 53.4    11.2 years). The median score of the PPI cohort was 5.7 (IQR 2.8-9.9) versus the non-PPI cohort's 1.8 (IQR 0.9-5.5) (p < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for predicting eventual PPI was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64-0.79) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The prediction model risk-stratified @entity1 who ultimately underwent PPI compared to non-surgically managed controls. This external validation study suggests that the prediction model may be used on an individual @entity1 basis to support a recommendation of PPI for managing @entity323 .

title: External validation of a prediction model for penile prosthesis implantation for XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: Seven million @entity1 under 5 years of age died worldwide in 2011, and one-third had @entity3147 . Latin America and Caribbean countries stand out for the notable improvement of their health and nutrition situation, particularly in pregnant @entity1 and young @entity1 . Nutrition-sensitive interventions such as promoting food security, @entity1 's empowerment, social safety nets, clean water, and sanitation, among others, are critical for success. In Bolivia, the program Desnutrici  n Cero (Malnutrition Zero) was able to reduce mortality from severe @entity3147 after 5 years from 25% to less than 5%, based on widespread implementation of the World Health Organization 10-steps protocol for hospitalized care and the application of community management. The Economic Commission for Latin America estimated the cost of @entity3147 for Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and the Dominican Republic as US  6,658 million. Approximately 1 million @entity1 have dropped out of school because of @entity3147 , and as a result, malnourished @entity1 have 2 years less schooling, which brings social and economic losses not only to those affected but to society at large. National and international nutrition and food programs developed over the past 50 years have been implemented as integral components of broader strategies of primary healthcare and education, oriented toward preventing @entity204 and improving the quality of life of low-socioeconomic-status groups. Treating hundreds or thousands of affected @entity1 will not solve the global public health problem of @entity3147 . Access to adequate amounts of quality foods represents a basic @entity1 right and is a necessary precondition for health. In turn, good nutrition and health are prerequisites for @entity1 , social, and economic development.

title: Treatment and prevention of XXXX in Latin America: focus on Chile and Bolivia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the response on late stage Chinese @entity791 @entity1 after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: From October 2002 to March 2004, 20 cases of late stage Chinese @entity791 @entity1 were selected to participate in this opened and randomised study, we purposely chose those with @entity404 + T cell counts <100/mm3. All of them had one or two @entity1292 and none had been treated with anti-HIV drugs. All @entity1 were tested with @entity404 + (naive @entity404 + T cell defined by CD45RA+ and @entity1196 +, memory @entity404 + T cell defined by CD45RA-), @entity405 + T cell, plasma @entity645 viral load, and clinical manifestations on before, during, and after HAART (5 different regimes) on 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS: Before HAART mean @entity404 + T cell counts were 32 +/- 31 (range 2-91)/mm3, and plasma @entity645 viral load were 5.07 +/- 0.85 (range 2.04-5.70) log copies/mL. In 1 month's time @entity1 treated with HAART had mean @entity404 + and @entity405 T cell counts increasing rapidly. After 1 month the increasing speed turned to slow down, but @entity645 viral load decreased predominantly within the first 3 months. The major part of increasing @entity404 + T cells were memory @entity404 + T cells, as fol naive @entity404 + T cells increasing low and slow. Clinical symptoms and signs improved, and @entity1292 reduced. The quality of life will be far much better than before. Each @entity1 was followed for 12 months, and had finished 12 months' HAART. CONCLUSION: This is the first report in China that late stage Chinese @entity791 @entity1 after HAART could have their immune reconstitution. The regular pattern is similar to what had been reported in Western countries and also in China. So it is worth to treat late stage Chinese @entity791 @entity1 with HAART.

title: T-cell response of advanced aids XXXX after highly active antiretroviral therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: In order to demonstrate the dangers of intrapedicular application of a hemostatic gelatin matrix to decrease @entity190 during pedicle screw insertion, we present 2 @entity1 who--as a result of inadvertent extravasation of the matrix into the spinal canal--developed epidural @entity1745 (ESCC) requiring emergent decompression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Variety of hemostatic agents can control bleeding during pedicle screw insertion. We have often used a hemostatic gelatin matrix to decrease bleeding from cannulated pedicles by injecting the material into the pedicle after manually palpating the pedicle. METHODS: Medical records and radiographic studies of 2 @entity1 with @entity1984 who underwent surgical treatment of their deformity and developed a @entity51 due to extravasation of FloSeal were reviewed. RESULTS: A 15 year-old male underwent T4 to L2 posterior spinal fusion (PSF). During pedicle screw insertion, a change in NMEPs and SSEPs was noted. A wake-up test confirmed bilateral LE @entity451 . Screws were removed and no perforations were noted on manual palpation. MRI showed T7 to T10 ESCC. He underwent a T5 to T10 laminectomy and hemostatic gelatin matrix noted in the canal and was evacuated. He was ambulatory at 2 weeks and by 3 months he had complete recovery. The second @entity1 was a 15 year-old female who underwent T4 to L1 PSF. Following screw insertion, deterioration in NMEPs and SSEPs was noted. Screws were removed and SCM data returned to baseline. Except for 3 screws that had an inferior breach (Left T7 and Bilateral T8), screws were reinserted and remainder of the surgery was uneventful. Postoperative examination was normal initially but 2 days later, she developed left LE numbness/ @entity425 . Implants were removed and MRI showed T4 to T9 ESCC.She underwent a left (concave) T4 to T9 hemilaminectomy. Hemostatic gelatin matrix was noted and was evacuated. Six weeks following surgery, she had a complete neurologic recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a hemostatic gelatin matrix to decrease bleeding from cannulated pedicles during pedicle screw insertion can result in inadvertent extravasation into the spinal canal resulting in ESCC even in the absence of an apparent medial pedicle breach. Given the dangers associated with the technique, we recommend that gelatin matrix products be used judiciously during pedicle screw insertion.

title: Epidural @entity1745 with XXXX associated with intrapedicular application of hemostatic gelatin matrix during pedicle screw insertion.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neurologic deficit']


abstract: Propofol anaesthesia was compared with paracervical blockade in a prospective, randomized study of 59 abortion @entity1 . All the @entity1 received @entity680 0.01 mg/kg i.v. at the start of anaesthesia and were randomized into two groups. Group R (regional, 31 @entity1 ): @entity1363 0.1 mg/kg i.v. and paracervical blockade with 2 x 10 ml of @entity10541 20 mg/ml + @entity1425 0.005 mg/ml. Group G (general, 28 @entity1 ): @entity1875 2.0 mg/kg i.v. induction and 75% @entity3810 in @entity26 spontaneous respiration. In 10 @entity1 from the R-group venous blood samples were taken regularly for 30 min for serum concentration measurements (gas chromatography) of @entity10541 . @entity158 during induction of anaesthesia was remembered by 17% in Group G and 4% in Group R, whereas 8% in Group R remembered @entity158 during the procedure compared with none in Group G. Of the @entity1 in Group G, 25% had apnoea compared with none in Group R. In Group R the @entity1 slept for 2.5 +/- 3.8 min (mean +/- s.d.) after induction compared with 12 +/- 4.0 min in Group G. Except for a better p-deletion score 30 min after the procedure in Group G, there was no difference in recovery function between the groups. Of the @entity1 in Group G, 67% experienced @entity282 compared with 23% in Group R. Maximum serum @entity10541 concentration (Group R) was reached at 15-30 min, range 1.5-5 micrograms/ml.

title: @entity1875 anaesthesia versus paracervical blockade with @entity680 and XXXX sedation for outpatient abortion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To find the incidence of @entity3377 , and analyse its epidemiological characteristics and the evolution of the cases recorded in the Sierra de C  diz Primary Care (PC) Area during 1992. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal incidence analysis, with a nested study of cases and controls. SETTING: Sierra de C  diz PC Area. @entity1 AND OTHER @entity1 :                 <AbstractText Label="CASES" NlmCategory="METHODS">members of the cohort who developed the disease. CONTROLS: sample of members of the cohort free of @entity3377 paired for age, gender and town of origin. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Incidence was 52.39 per 100,000, 66.27 and 38.20 per 100,000 in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Highest incidence was at between 15 and 49 years of age (67.70 per 100,000). CASES in the Spring predominated (chi 2 = 16.77, gl = 3, p < 0.05). The most affected professional group was farmers/herders (RR = 4.59, CI 95%, 2.05-10.26). CONCLUSIONS: The Sierra de C  diz is an area with endemic @entity3377 , especially in the districts of Olvera and Ubrique. Its work-related character is clear, in spite of the digestive tract being the main transmission path.

title: [The epidemiological characteristics of XXXX in the primary health care district of Sierra de C  diz].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis', 'Brucellosis']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: AIMS AND PURPOSE: This is a prospective, phase II study aimed to evaluate the effect of concurrent @entity1487 , @entity1138 , and radiation with or without brachytherapy on the clinical outcome of a series of recurrent cervical @entity5 @entity1 and to determine the prognostic impact of a subset of factors. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 with locally recurrent, non-metastatic cervical @entity5 received external beam radiation (4-week split course: 23.4 + 23.4 Gy) plus two courses of concomitant chemotherapy ( @entity1487 , 96-h continuous infusion, days 1-4, 1 g/m2/day; @entity1138 , 10 mg/m2, bolus i.v., day 1). Twelve @entity1 with vaginal recurrence (36.4%) underwent endocavitary low-dose rate brachytherapy boost (20-25 Gy); 11 @entity1 with lateral pelvic recurrence (33.3%) received external beam radiation boost (14-20 Gy). RESULTS: Fourteen complete responses (42.4%), 7 partial responses (21.2%), 5 disease stabilizations (15.1%) and 7 progressions (21.2%) were obtained. After a median follow-up of 34 months (range, 6-127), overall actuarial 3-year survival, progression-free survival and local progression-free survival were 59.7%, 48.1% and 51.7%, respectively. @entity1 with vaginal recurrence of less than 4 cm and negative lymph nodes proved to respond best to the treatment. Two @entity1 (6.1%) experienced hematologic grade 3 @entity137 . One @entity1 had grade 3 intestinal @entity137 (3.0%). No @entity1 had major skin or urological acute @entity137 . Severe late @entity137 was infrequent. Three @entity1 had prolonged @entity1431 (9.0%). Four @entity1 showed severe vaginal @entity850 (12.1%). A clinical score of 0 to 1 was assigned to each @entity1 on the basis of the absence (score = 0) or presence (score = 1) of any of the following prognostic factors: time between surgery and recurrence shorter than 12 months, pelvic wall site of recurrence, positive lymph nodes, hemoglobin < 11 g/dL. Using this system, it was clear that @entity1 with a low total score had a significantly better outcome (clinical remission, 51% of @entity1 with a score < or = 2 vs 12% of @entity1 with a score > 2, P = 0.06), local control of the disease (65% vs 20% after 3 years, P = 0.001,) and overall survival (75% vs 30% after 3 years, P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that this combined modality therapy was relatively well tolerated and resulted in reasonable local control and survival. The scoring system proved to be helpful to identify @entity1 with the greatest chance of benefiting from the treatment. Further studies are probably needed to salvage the other @entity1 , whose prognosis remains severe.

title: Concurrent @entity1487 , @entity1138 and radiation with or without brachytherapy in recurrent cervical XXXX : a scoring system to predict clinical response and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: More than several hundreds of millions of @entity1 will be @entity6 over the next decades in front of which the actual therapeutic approaches aim at treating the consequences rather than causes of the impaired metabolism. This strategy is not efficient and new paradigms should be found. The wide analysis of the genome cannot predict or explain more than 10-20% of the disease, whereas changes in feeding and social behavior have certainly a major impact. However, the molecular mechanisms linking environmental factors and genetic susceptibility were so far not envisioned until the recent discovery of a hidden source of genomic diversity, i.e., the metagenome. More than 3  million genes from several hundreds of species constitute our intestinal microbiome. First key experiments have demonstrated that this biome can by itself transfer @entity209 . The mechanisms are unknown but could be involved in the modulation of energy harvesting capacity by the host as well as the low-grade @entity32 and the corresponding immune response on adipose tissue plasticity, @entity1560 , @entity2690 resistance and even the secondary cardiovascular events. Secreted bacterial factors reach the circulating blood, and even full bacteria from intestinal microbiota can reach tissues where @entity32 is triggered. The last 5  years have demonstrated that intestinal microbiota, at its molecular level, is a causal factor early in the development of the diseases. Nonetheless, much more need to be uncovered in order to identify first, new predictive biomarkers so that preventive strategies based on pre- and probiotics, and second, new therapeutic strategies against the cause rather than the consequence of @entity4854 and body @entity1017 .

title: Gut microbiota and XXXX : from pathogenesis to therapeutic perspective.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic and obese']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13082 is an unusual inflammatory process of the gallbladder which is difficult to diagnose and manage and may be confused with @entity1086 . Many surgeons and pathologists are not familiar with this condition. We aim to highlight this condition and to review the role of laparoscopy in its management. @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 4406 @entity1 who underwent cholecystectomy in 8  years at two teaching hospitals in North Jordan. Forty-two cases of @entity13082 were identified. The details of these @entity1 were analyzed. The findings were compared with results of a previous study in all cholecystectomy @entity1 conducted in the same centers. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity13082 was 0.95  %. Twenty-five @entity1 (59.5  %) presented as acute @entity341 . Nine @entity1 (21.4  %) had @entity1087 . Ultrasound showed marked gallbladder wall thickening in 36 @entity1 (85.7  %). Compared with all cholecystectomy @entity1 , xanthogranulomatous @entity2679 @entity1 showed higher conversion rate from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy (31.4 vs. 3.2  %, p   <   0.001) and higher morbidity (33.3 vs. 6.4  % p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity13082 is rare. Acute presentation, associated @entity1087 , and gallbladder wall thickening should raise the suspicion of the condition. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with high conversion rate.

title: XXXX in the Laparoscopic Era Is Still a Challenging Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity13082 :: ('MESH:C536762', 'Disease') :: ['Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

answer: @entity13082 :: (MESH:C536762,Disease) :: ['Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis']


abstract: Exposure to high concentrations of @entity26 ( @entity871 ) can result in @entity651 . The biochemical basis of this injury is poorly understood, but it is likely to include alterations in gene expression. @entity871 -induced (H-I) cDNAs have been molecularly cloned (Horowitz et al. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 7092-7095, 1989) from the lungs of an adult @entity95 exposed to toxic levels of @entity26 . One of them (H-I 1) was identified as encoding the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP), a key regulatory protein of extracellular matrix turnover. Here we identify another clone (H-I 3) as encoding pulmonary surfactant apoprotein A ( @entity21716 ). We also show that in neonatal @entity95 exposed to 100% @entity26 for 96 h, the mRNAs corresponding to TIMP, @entity21716 , and another H-I gene are increased. These studies have begun to explore specific changes in gene expression associated with neonatal @entity651 .

title: Changes in gene expression in @entity871 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperoxia', 'hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxic lung injury', 'lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['neonatal lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity259 has doubled over the past decade. The reason for this dramatic increase in incidence is controversial. Some investigators have suggested that the increased incidence is because of increased detection of small @entity5 as a result of diagnostic scrutiny. Conversely, some investigators have demonstrated an increased incidence across all @entity5 sizes, suggesting that other factors may play a role. This study was undertaken to investigate the clinical, pathologic, and molecular changes present in @entity3557 over a 15-year period during which the incidence of @entity3557 doubled. METHODS: A total of 628 @entity1 with conventional @entity3557 and 228 @entity5 samples from a single institution were analyzed from 1991 to 2005. Time-trend analyses of demographic, clinical, pathologic, and @entity5 genotype were performed over three 5-year time periods: group I (1991-1995), group II (1996-2000), and group III (2001-2005). RESULTS: The authors found no differences in age, sex, ethnicity, @entity5 size, rate of extrathyroidal invasion, or overall TNM @entity5 stage among the 3 time groups. The rate of @entity817 @entity8554 mutation was significantly higher in group III (88% @entity817 @entity8554 positive) as compared with groups I and II (51% and 43%, respectively) (P < .001). The rate of all the common somatic mutations was also significantly higher in group III (92% positive) as compared with groups I and II (68% and 64%, respectively) (P < .002). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity817 @entity8554 mutation increased significantly over a 15-year period at the authors' institution. The findings suggest that a higher rate of @entity817 mutation in @entity3557 may contribute to the increasing incidence of @entity259 .

title: Higher rate of XXXX mutation in @entity3557 over time: a single-institution study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']