abstract: Histone deacetylases (HDAC) control gene expression by changing histonic as well as non histonic protein conformation. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) are considered to be among the most promising drugs for epigenetic treatment for @entity5 . Recently a strict relationship between histone hyperacetylation in specific tissues of @entity19 embryos exposed to two HDACi ( @entity1092 and @entity3996 ) and specific @entity600 has been demonstrated. The aim of this study is to verify if @entity7232 (BA), that induces @entity600 similar to those @entity1092 and @entity3996 -related, acts through similar mechanisms: HDAC inhibition and histone hyperacetylation. Pregnant @entity19 were treated intraperitoneally with a teratogenic dose of BA (1000 mg/kg, day 8 of gestation). Western blot analysis and immunostaining were performed with anti hyperacetylated histone 4 (H4) antibody on embryos explanted 1, 3 or 4 h after treatment and revealed @entity915 at the level of somites. HDAC enzyme assay was performed on embryonic nuclear extracts. A significant HDAC inhibition activity (compatible with a mixed type partial inhibition mechanism) was evident with BA. Kinetic analyses indicate that BA modifies substrate affinity by a factor alpha=0.51 and maximum velocity by a factor beta=0.70. This work provides the first evidence for HDAC inhibition by BA and suggests such a molecular mechanism for the induction of BA-related @entity600 .

title: XXXX inhibits embryonic histone deacetylases: a suggested mechanism to explain @entity7232 -related teratogenicity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'in rodents malformations', 'axial skeleton malformations']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity915 :: ('MESH:D053632', 'Disease') :: ['H4 hyperacetylation']

entities_list: @entity7232 :: ('MESH:C032688', 'Chemical') :: ['boric acid']

answer: @entity7232 :: (MESH:C032688,Chemical) :: ['Boric acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic repair of large paraesophageal @entity357 (LPOHH) is shown to be a safe and effective operation in the short term. However, its long-term durability and its effect on quality of life are less well established. This study aimed to assess the midterm outcome for laparoscopic repair of LPOHH with validated quality-of-life symptom scores and barium studies. METHODS: Between January 2000 and July 2004, 49 @entity1 (27 @entity1 ) with LPOHH underwent laparoscopic repair. The median age of these @entity1 was 68 years (range, 38-90 years). The laparoscopic repair included resection of the hernia sac, reduction of its contents, esophageal mobilization up to the aortic arch, crural repair with sutures (mesh reinforcement in 17 cases), Nissen fundoplication, and fixation of the wrap to the crura. Follow-up assessment was prospective with quality-of-life questionnaires, the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health-Related Quality of @entity354 , and barium studies. RESULTS: The presenting symptoms were @entity158 for 21 @entity1 , reflux for 27 @entity1 , @entity548 or @entity417 for 14 @entity1 , and @entity1282 for 17 @entity1 . Five emergency operations were performed. @entity851 was present in 24 @entity1 . There were two conversions to open surgery. The major morbidity ( @entity955 , @entity1151 , and splenectomy) rate was 10.2%, and the minor morbidity ( @entity5837 , @entity1087 , @entity1282 , small pneumothorax) rate was 20.4%. Six @entity1 were deceased of unrelated causes at the time of follow-up evaluation. Responses to the questionnaires were obtained in 31 cases (75%). Using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the results from the questionnaires showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) in @entity490 , reflux, and indigestion scores (GSRS) and GERD-HRQOL scores. Follow-up barium studies for 27 @entity1 (66%) showed recurrence in 4 @entity1 (14.8%), 2 of which were symptomatic. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic repair of LPOHH is associated with good quality of life as well as an acceptable midterm recurrence rate.

title: Laparoscopic repair of large XXXX : quality of life and durability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Short esophagus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest infection']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernias']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Life (GERD-HRQOL) scale']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['paraesophageal hiatus hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the presentation, diagnostic evaluation, various techniques of vascular repair and their outcomes. METHODS: The prospective descriptive study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from October 2008 to December 2010. It involved 54 @entity1 with @entity1317 in the extremities who underwent various vascular surgical interventions.Those who presented with irreversible ischaemia or had primary amputation and presented late with missed @entity1317 were excluded. The cases were evaluated for mechanism of injury, site and @entity130 , associated injuries, type of repair performed and its outcome. Mean with standard deviation and frequency and percentage was calculated wherever relevant. RESULTS: The mean age of 54 @entity1 was 26.8 +/- 9.2 years (range: 9-67 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 17:1. Penetrating @entity130 was the most common cause (n=34; 62.9%). Lower extremities were affected more commonly (n=33; 61.1%) and superficial femoral artery was the most frequently involved vessel (n=14; 25.9%). Besides, 16 (29.6%) @entity1 had associated @entity174 , while concomitant venous injuries were present in 12 (22.2%). Interposition autogenous saphenous vein graft was the most common type of repair performed (n=42; 77.7%). Prosthetic graft was used only in 3 (5.5%) @entity1 . @entity2737 was the common complication (n=6; 11.1%). Three (5.5%) @entity1 had secondary amputation and 2 (3.7%) died due to associated injuries. Vascular reconstruction was successful in 49 (90.7%) cases. CONCLUSION: Early recognition and re-vascularisation by a vascular surgeon hold the key to saving more than 90% limbs with @entity1317 .

title: A two-year experience of treating vascular XXXX in the extremities in a military hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have previously reported a correlation between the starting number of embryos for multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) and discordance in size during the first trimester. Here we evaluated the correlation between the degree of discordance and length of gestation in the remaining fetuses. DESIGN: Observational clinical series. SETTING: Academic medical center with a single physician who performs a large number of MFPRs. @entity1 (S): Analysis of 252 consecutive MFPRs from a 2.5-year period (1996-1998). INTERVENTION(S): MFPR for @entity1 with multifetal pregnancies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We evaluated the correlation between the degree of discordance in embryo size, as measured by the greatest difference in crown-rump length (CRL) (delta max), and the length of gestation. RESULT(S): Embryo size discordance was related to length of gestation of the remaining fetuses after MFPR. Of 72 @entity1 with a delta max >5 mm, the rate of severe @entity600 (delivery at <28 weeks' gestation) was 9.7%, compared with 1.7% for @entity1 with a delta max <5 mm (P<.01). Of @entity1 with severe @entity600 , 70% had delta max >5 mm, compared with less than 30% in @entity1 who delivered after 28 weeks (P<.05). CONCLUSION(S): Variations in embryo growth patterns in multifetal pregnancies may be observed even in the first trimester, which may be predictive of late pregnancy outcomes. With a delta max > or =5 mm, there is a significant increase in the risk of severe @entity600 (delivery at <28 weeks).

title: First-trimester embryo size discordance: a predictor of XXXX following multifetal pregnancy reduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['premature birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['premature birth']


abstract: 1. The effects of changes in the mean and amplitude of arterial wall shear stress on endothelium-dependent arterial dilatation of the iliac artery of the anaesthetized @entity235 were examined. 2. Changes in the mean and amplitude of blood flow and wall shear stress were brought about by varying local peripheral resistance and @entity64 volume using a distal infusion of @entity934 and the stimulation of the left ansa subclavia. Changes in the diameter of a segment of the iliac artery with the endothelium intact, relative to a segment with no endothelium, were used as an index of the release of @entity842 . 3. The increase in mean blood flow was from 84 +/- 12 to 527 +/- 53 ml min-1 and in amplitude was from 365 +/- 18 to 695 +/- 38 ml min-1 (means +/- S.E.M.). The increase in mean wall shear stress was from 1.78 +/- 0.30 to 7.66 +/- 1.01 N m-2 and in amplitude was from 7.37 +/- 0.46 to 13.9 +/- 2.00 N m-2 (means +/- S.E.M.). 4. Increases in mean shear stress caused an increase in the diameter only of the section of artery with endothelium; the slope of the relationship was 0.064 +/- 0.006 mm N-1 m2 (mean +/- S.E.M., P < 0.001); changes in the amplitude of shear stress did not cause an increase in diameter. Changes in both the mean and amplitude of shear stress had no significant effect on the diameter of the section of artery with no endothelium. 5. These findings coupled with the known anti- @entity1856 effects of @entity842 and the effect of shear stress on cell adhesion and @entity1423 offer a possible explanation for the disposition of @entity1856 in those parts of the arterial system which have low mean and high amplitude of wall shear stress.

title: Characteristics of arterial wall shear stress which cause endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the anaesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Levels of @entity2476 ( @entity2476 ) in brain regions (hypopthalamus and medulla) of @entity5660 were analysed by HPLC-EC 0, 10, 30, and 40 min after intraperitoneal administration of different doses of @entity9484 (Trp) (0, 12.5, and 25 mg. kg(-1) body weight) in fish treated with @entity19636 ( @entity19636 ; 75 mg. kg(-1)). The results show that, in control fish, @entity2476 levels in @entity2339 (58.03 +/- 6.36 pg. mg(-1) brain tissue) were significantly higher than those observed in medulla (28.04 +/- 4.32 pg. mg(-1) brain tissue). Basal @entity2340 hydroxylation rates (after 0 mg. kg(-1) Trp administration) were 0.42 +/- 0.07 pg @entity2476 . mg(-1). min(-1), and 0.63 +/- 0.24 pg 5HTP. mg(-1). min(-1), for @entity2339 and medulla respectively. On the other hand, the results demonstrate that @entity9484 administration induced significant increases in the rate of @entity2340 hydroxylation, both in @entity2339 and medulla. These findings indicate that, in a way similar to that observed in mammals, brain @entity2340 hydroxylase is unsaturated by its substrate ( @entity2340 ) under normal physiological conditions. J. Exp. Zool. 286:131-135, 2000.

title: Acute effects of @entity9484 on @entity2340 hydroxylation rate in brain regions ( @entity2339 and medulla) of @entity5660 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity9484 :: ('CHEBI:16828', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2476 :: ('CHEBI:28171', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptophan', '5-HTP']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity19636 :: ('MESH:C004297', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine', 'NSD1015']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: @entity63 and @entity5721 (IRI) is the main etiology of @entity810 in native and transplanted kidneys. In the transplantation field, immunosuppressive drugs may play an additional role in acute @entity813 . Acute @entity205 nephrotoxicity (ATN) can result from vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles, which may exacerbate deceased renal transplantation. @entity10183 is a protective gene with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions. We investigated whether @entity10183 played a role in @entity205 -induced @entity8 in an established model of IRI. METHODS: @entity205 (100 mg/kg) was administered to @entity19 before being subjected to 45 min of @entity63 . Blood and kidney samples were collected at 24, 48 and 120 h after surgery. @entity4295 and tubular regeneration were quantified. @entity10183 gene transcripts were amplified by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Animals subjected to IRI presented with @entity8 that peaked at 24 h (2.05 +/- 0.23 mg/dL), decreasing thereafter. Treatment with @entity205 caused even more @entity8 at 48 h, sustained up to 120 h after reperfusion (1.53 +/- 0.6 mg/dL), when compared to the controls (0.63 +/- 0.09 mg/dL, p < 0,05). @entity205 delayed tubular regeneration that was normally higher in controls at day 5 (67.0% vs. 37.6%, p < 0.05). @entity10183 was markedly up-regulated after IRI, and its expression was decreased by @entity205 (2.06 folds). However, prior induction of @entity10183 by @entity42589 improved @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that @entity205 used in ischemic injured organs might also negatively affect post-transplantation recovery.

title: @entity10183 and XXXX and @entity5721 : the impact of immunosuppressive drug.

entities_list: @entity42589 :: ('MESH:C007095', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalt protoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['Acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence and pattern of traumatic experiences, to assess the prevalence of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), to identify risk factors for @entity1005 and PTSS, and to analyse the association of @entity1005 and PTSS with concomitant @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity1 requesting induced abortion. METHODS: A Swedish multi-centre study of @entity1 requesting an induced abortion. The Screen Questionnaire - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder was used for research diagnoses of @entity1005 and PTSS. @entity148 and @entity308 were evaluated by the Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 Scale (HADS). RESULTS: Of the 1514 respondents, almost half reported traumatic experiences. Lifetime- and point prevalence of @entity1005 were 7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.8-8.5) and 4% (95% CI: 3.1-5.2), respectively. The prevalence of PTSS was 23% (95% CI: 21.1-25.4). @entity1 who reported symptoms of @entity148 or @entity308 when requesting abortion were more likely to have ongoing @entity1005 or PTSS. Also single-living @entity1 and smokers displayed higher rates of ongoing @entity1005 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1005 is rare among @entity1 who request an induced abortion, a relatively high proportion suffers from PTSS. Abortion seeking @entity1 with @entity130 experiences and existing or preexisting @entity146 need more consideration and alertness when counselled for termination.

title: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress among XXXX requesting induced abortion.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility and safety of multiple sequential courses of high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral-blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) administered in a multicenter setting to @entity1 with @entity151 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity1 (limited disease, n = 30; @entity66 , n = 39) treated at 15 European centers were scheduled to receive three courses of high-dose chemotherapy with @entity1260 10 g/m(2), @entity3003 1200 mg/m(2), and @entity2879 1200 mg/m(2) (ICE) divided over 4 days at 28-day intervals. PBPCs were harvested before treatment and mobilized with @entity1259 150 mg/m(2) administered via an intravenous bolus divided over 2 days and filgrastim 5 microg/kg/d administered subcutaneously. RESULTS: The performed leukaphereses (one to five per @entity1 ) yielded a median of 16.6 x 10(6)/kg (range, 1.0 to 96.6 x 10(6)/kg) CD34(+) cells, which was sufficient for three reinfusions. Fifty @entity1 (72%) completed the treatment according to schedule. Nine @entity1 completed two courses, and six @entity1 completed one course of treatment. The increase in dose-intensity was 290% that of a standard ICE regimen. The median duration of myelosuppression was similar between courses, namely 4 days (range, 1 to 12 days) for leukocytes less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L and 4 days (range, 0 to 22 days) for thrombocytes less than 20 x 10(9)/L. @entity1398 developed in 66% of courses, severe @entity294 in 14%, @entity33 in 10%, and @entity390 and @entity391 in 21% of courses. There were six cases of @entity137 (9%), most of which occurred in the first year of accrual and thus were attributable to the learning curve. The antitumor effect of the regimen was reflected in an 86% remission rate (95% confidence interval [CI], 74% to 93%), with 51% of @entity1 achieving a complete response (95% CI, 38% to 63%). Median overall survival was 18 months for @entity1 with limited disease and 11 months for @entity1 with @entity66 . CONCLUSION: This multiple sequential high-dose ICE regimen could be safely administered on a multicenter basis to @entity1 with @entity151 . The dose-intensity could be increased to 290% that of standard ICE regimen. The benefit of this approach is currently being tested in a randomized trial that aims to double the long-term rate of survival for @entity1 with @entity151 .

title: Multiple courses of high-dose @entity1260 , @entity3003 , and XXXX with peripheral-blood progenitor cells and filgrastim for @entity151 : A feasibility study by the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic death']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: MALDI-TOF @entity15 has been utilized as a reliable and rapid tool for microbial fingerprinting at the genus and species levels. Recently, there has been keen interest in using MALDI-TOF @entity15 beyond the genus and species levels to rapidly identify antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. The purpose of this study was to enhance strain level resolution for @entity5363 through the optimization of spectrum processing parameters using a series of designed experiments. A collection of 172 strains of @entity5363 were collected from Luxembourg, New Zealand, North America, and South Africa, consisting of four groups of antibiotic resistant isolates. The groups included: (1) 65 strains resistant to @entity2891 (2) 26 resistant to @entity2891 and @entity7660 (3) 5 strains resistant to @entity2891 , @entity7660 , and @entity803 , and (4) 76 strains resistant to @entity2891 , @entity11248 , @entity2379 , B and @entity5821 . Initially, a model set of 16 strains (three biological replicates and three technical replicates per isolate, yielding a total of 144 spectra) of @entity5363 was subjected to each designed experiment to enhance detection of antibiotic resistance. The most optimal parameters were applied to the larger collection of 172 isolates (two biological replicates and three technical replicates per isolate, yielding a total of 1,031 spectra). We observed an increase in antibiotic resistance detection whenever either a curve based similarity coefficient (Pearson or ranked Pearson) was applied rather than a peak based (Dice) and/or the optimized preprocessing parameters were applied. Increases in antimicrobial resistance detection were scored using the jackknife maximum similarity technique following cluster analysis. From the first four groups of antibiotic resistant isolates, the optimized preprocessing parameters increased detection respective to the aforementioned groups by: (1) 5% (2) 9% (3) 10%, and (4) 2%. An additional second categorization was created from the collection consisting of 31 strains resistant to @entity7660 and 141 strains sensitive to @entity7660 . Applying optimal preprocessing parameters, @entity8545 resistance detection was increased by 34%. These results suggest that spectrum processing parameters, which are rarely optimized or adjusted, affect the performance of MALDI-TOF @entity15 -based detection of antibiotic resistance and can be fine-tuned to enhance screening performance.

title: A Designed Experiments Approach to Optimizing MALDI-TOF @entity15 Spectrum Processing Parameters Enhances Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: The phenomenology of @entity146 ( @entity146 ) occurring in the @entity195 remains not well known. The goal of this study was to assess the role of @entity1314 , @entity146 and home environment in the occurence of the @entity146 ; 99 inpatients from a short-term Alzheimer unit were included in the study. @entity146 were assessed by the @entity146 Inventory, the severity of @entity303 by the MMSE. Previous somatic, @entity146 were evaluated by a semi-structured interview of the family, and classified according to the A, B and C groups from the DSM-IV. Eighty eight percent of the @entity1 presented at least one @entity146 . The @entity1 whose the main caregiver was a spouse appeared to be more aggressive. Sixty seven per cent of the @entity1 presented with former @entity1314 ; they were more delirious, more anxious, more irritable and suffered more @entity1277 . Each type of @entity1314 modified the phenomenology of the @entity146 . The severity of @entity303 does not seem sufficient to explain the occurrence of @entity146 . Other factors seem to play a dominating part such as the previous @entity1314 and @entity146 antecedents. However, the exact links between @entity1314 , @entity146 antecedents and @entity146 remain difficult to specify.

title: [Role of XXXX , familial environment, and severity of the disease on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of @entity303 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'BPSD', 'psychiatric and personality disorders', 'Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia', 'NeuroPsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of appetite']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease and related syndromes"]

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'disorders of personality']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship among @entity409 , @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ), and @entity8 , taking into consideration whether the reflux was unilateral or bilateral. @entity3025 is a common problem in the pediatric age group. Although unilateral reflux is usually due to primary insufficiency of the vesicoureteral junction, bilateral reflux can also be the result of underlying @entity409 . METHODS: Between 1993 and 1998, 80 @entity1 , 52 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 , median age 5.7 years (range 3.8 to 14), were evaluated because of @entity3025 . Eighteen @entity1 who presented with associated anomalies and obvious @entity1973 were excluded from the study. Complete urologic, neurologic, and urodynamic investigations were performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 62 @entity1 , 25 (40.3%) had unilateral and 37 (59.6%) had bilateral reflux. @entity409 was found in 7 @entity1 (28%) with unilateral reflux and in 27 @entity1 (72.9%) with bilateral reflux (P <0.01 ). Two (25%) of the 8 @entity1 with unilateral reflux and @entity8 had @entity409 but no demonstrable @entity293 , and 10 (55.5%) of the 18 @entity1 with bilateral reflux and @entity8 had @entity409 and no demonstrable @entity293 (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: If @entity3025 is bilateral, the prevalence of existing underlying @entity409 seems to be higher. The first step in management should be a detailed evaluation of bladder function to choose an appropriate treatment modality and to prevent @entity177 .

title: Relationship among @entity409 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal scarring']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction', 'non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction', 'Voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['VUR', 'vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal deterioration']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteral reflux and renal scars']


abstract: Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS), has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective alternative to radical nephrectomy for selected cases. @entity10 ( @entity10 ), combine the benefits of minimal invasiveness of the laparoscopy with the advantage of preserving renal function of the nephron sparing surgery. The aim of our study was to assess the initial results with @entity703 . Since Jan 2007, twelve consecutive @entity1 , with small @entity703 (mean @entity5 size 3.89 cm) underwent @entity10 at our institution. The @entity1 were assessed using: clinical exam, lab exam, ultrasound, contrast enhanced CT scan. For cryoablation, we used the Galil Medical SeedNet with 17 Gauge cryoprobes, under combined retro-peritoneoscopic and ultrasound guidance. Protocol follow-up design includes clinical exam, lab exam and contrast enhanced CT scan at 3,6 and 12 months and annually thereafter. Mean surgical time was 145.42 min. and mean @entity190 was 179.17 ml. Two @entity1 presented: bleeding at the extraction of the cryoprobes and urinary fistula which healed with surgical treatment. Histological examination of the core biopsy revealed @entity1358 in 8 @entity1 , @entity1377 in 3 @entity1 and @entity359 in 1 @entity1 . Cryosurgical ablation of small @entity703 using multiple ultrathin 17 Gauge cryoprobes is a feasible treatment option. Retro-peritoneoscopic approach allows optimal access to the kidney and endoscopic real-time ultrasound control of the freezing process.

title: Retro-peritoneoscopic assisted cryoablation for small XXXX : the first cases treated in Romania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['RCA', 'Retro-peritoneoscopic cryoablation']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['RCA of small renal tumors', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of @entity3522 and @entity7988 , two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with different excretion pathways, and the role of other enteric factors during simultaneous administration of these drugs on the development of @entity3137 of the small intestine in @entity235 . Twenty-five animals were divided into three groups. Group I included 10 @entity235 , 5 with @entity3522 (group Ia) and 5 with @entity7988 administration (group Ib). Group II included 5 animals in which a segment of ileum was surgically isolated from the rest of the small intestine. Group III included 10 animals in two subgroups of 5; a segment of ileum was surgically isolated in both subgroups; groups IIIa received @entity3522 and group IIIb @entity7988 . Histological examination of the specimens taken revealed macroscopic and microscopic @entity3137 in 5/5 animals in group Ia, whereas none of the 5 animals in group Ib had any lesions. Group II did not reveal any @entity3137 . Three out of 5 animals (60%) administered @entity3522 in group IIIa had @entity3137 , but none of the 5 revealed lesions in the isolated loop of ileum. No lesions were observed in the isolated loop or in the rest of the intestinal mucosa in the animals in group IIIb. Our results suggest that NSAIDs produce @entity3137 not only when administered per mouth but also after intramuscular administration. @entity3522 , unlike @entity7988 , was responsible for the development of lesions in the intestinal mucosa. The role of drugs and/or their metabolites in the intestine and certain other factors must still be determined.

title: A comparative experimental study of the effects of XXXX and @entity7988 on the small-bowel mucosa of @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions', 'intestinal mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac', 'diclofenac sodium']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: Previous investigators have suggested that proteolysis by calpain, a @entity141 -dependent protease, causes muscle fiber degradation in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 / @entity1555 ). Recent evidence indicates that the nonlysosomal @entity855 -ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic complex (proteasomes) participates in @entity2057 during various catabolic states and in muscle fiber degradation in physiological or pathological conditions. To elucidate the possible role of proteasomes in dystrophic muscles, routine histochemistry and immunohistochemistry of 26S proteasomes were performed on muscle biopsy specimens obtained from @entity1 with various @entity4094 including @entity1555 / @entity1555 , @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ), @entity746 , and @entity1897 , and on normal @entity1 muscle specimens. Immunohistochemically, proteasomes were located in the cytoplasm in normal @entity1 muscle, but their staining intensity was faint. Compared to control muscles, abnormal increases in both proteasomes and ubiquitin were demonstrated mainly in the cytoplasm of necrotic fibers and to a lesser extent in regenerative fibers in @entity1555 / @entity1555 and @entity6558 . Non-necrotic, @entity3202 in all diseased muscles showed moderate or weak immunoreactions for the proteins; their staining intensities were stronger than those of control muscle fibers. Both proteins often colocalized well. Not all @entity942 muscle fibers showed a strong reaction for proteasomes. Our results showed increased proteasomes in necrotic and regenerative muscle fibers in @entity1555 / @entity16803 , although this may not be disease-specific up-regulation. We suggest that the @entity855 -ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway as well as the nonlysosomal calpain pathway may participate in muscle fiber degradation in @entity3986 .

title: Proteasome expression in the skeletal muscles of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic fibers']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies', 'BMD', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophin-deficient']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['muscular dystrophy']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity174 of the tarsometatarsal joint were examined to assess the functional end results after a mean follow-up of 2.9 years (range 20 to 56 months). Sixty-one percent were @entity1230 @entity1 ; 39% suffered @entity174 . Forty-five percent had associated lesions of the tarsal joint complex (Chopart and subtalar joint). According to the Baltimore Painful Foot Scoring System (PFS), 52% achieved an excellent or good result and 48% a fair or poor result. Of the four different treatment modalities, open reduction and temporary screw or K-wire fixation yielded the best results. The major determinants of acceptable results were the type of treatment, type of lesions, the quality of initial reduction and associated involvement of the tarsal joint complex. The extent of the @entity130 was the determining factor in the development of @entity571 . @entity179 were seen in almost all cases (94%). Such changes were more frequent after temporary screw fixation but did not seem to influence the final results. An initial anatomical reduction did not guarantee excellent results but minimized the chance of @entity571 . Primary arthrodesis demonstrated no advantage in our series. Although partial arthrodesis may be necessary in severely @entity2720 , it cannot be routinely advocated and should be used as a salvage procedure.

title: The treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['late degenerative arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture-dislocations', 'isolated fractures']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative changes of the tarsal joint']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted joints']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Lisfranc injuries']


abstract: Inflammatory processes of the upper and lower airway commonly co-exist. @entity1 with upper respiratory illnesses such as @entity2023 and @entity4432 often present to both otolaryngologists and primary care physicians for treatment of their symptoms of @entity50 . These @entity1 often have concurrent lower respiratory illnesses such as @entity565 that may be contributing to their overall symptoms and quality of life. Unfortunately, @entity565 frequently remains undiagnosed in this population. It was the objective of this paper to examine the relationship between upper respiratory illnesses such as @entity2490 and rhinosinusitis and lower respiratory illnesses such as @entity565 , and to provide a framework for primary care and specialty physicians to approach these illnesses as a spectrum of inflammatory disease. The present manuscript was developed by a multidisciplinary workgroup sponsored by the American Academy of @entity566 . Health care providers in various specialties contributed to the manuscript through preparation of written materials and through participation in a panel discussion held in August 2006. Each author was tasked with reviewing a specific content area and preparing a written summary for inclusion in this final document. Respiratory @entity32 commonly affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, often concurrently. Physicians who are treating @entity1 with symptoms of @entity2023 and rhinosinusitis must be vigilant to the presence of @entity565 among these @entity1 . Appropriate diagnostic methods should be used to identify individuals with concurrent respiratory illnesses, and comprehensive treatment should be instituted to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

title: XXXX and the unified airway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Otolaryngic Allergy']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic rhinosinusitis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['nasal and sinus disease']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is substantial evidence that @entity308 constitutes a risk factor for @entity6 . A recent study has shown that high salivary @entity701 levels are associated with @entity1720 in unmedicated, @entity308 patients. Further, antidepressive treatment might have differential effects on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system activity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine whether insulin sensitivity improves during anti- @entity308 treatment in @entity308 @entity1 with declining HPA system activity. METHOD: Eighty inpatients with an episode of @entity308 (DSM-IV criteria) were treated in a double-blind, randomized protocol with either @entity3659 or @entity903 over a period of 5 weeks. After 6 drug-free days, an oral @entity413 tolerance test was performed on day 1 and again 35 days after antidepressive treatment. For quantification of free @entity701 levels, saliva was obtained daily at 8:00 a.m. during weeks -1 (washout) and 5. The study was conducted from May 2005 to December 2005. RESULTS: The insulin sensitivity index(Matsuda) increased in only those @entity1 who remitted from @entity308 as a result of treatment with either antidepressant (F = 7.0, df = 1,74; p < .01), while correcting for body mass index. Further, @entity701 concentrations declined in remitters and responders to @entity3659 (F = 2.1, df = 1,70; p < .05), but not in any other subgroup. CONCLUSION: Successful antidepressive treatment with either a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor or a tricyclic substance increases the sensitivity to insulin in nondiabetic @entity308 @entity1 . The herein presented longitudinal data do not exclude the HPA system as a major contributor to insulin resistance in @entity308 @entity1 , but underscore the assumption of additional factors.

title: Improved insulin sensitivity in 80 nondiabetic XXXX with MDD after clinical remission in a double-blind, randomized trial of @entity3659 and @entity903 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['decreased insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and @entity2690 secretory responses to @entity4183 , glucagon, @entity413 and a standardized meal during continuous blood @entity413 monitoring were investigated in hyper- and @entity1375 @entity1 before and after treatment. The @entity2162 agonist @entity4183 (125 micrograms IV) induced prompt IRI and @entity2690 responses in @entity1378 @entity1 . On the contrary, in the @entity1375 , no insulin or @entity2690 responses were seen despite a slight enhancement of blood @entity413 concentrations. Thyroxine treatment of these @entity1 improved the IRI and @entity2690 responses and no blood @entity413 increment was then seen. Glucagon (250 micrograms IV) induced prominent IRI and @entity2690 responses of similar magnitude in hyper- and @entity1375 @entity1 before as well as after treatment. Before treatment, the blood @entity413 increment was greater in the @entity1375 @entity1 than in the @entity1378 but after treatment no difference between the 2 groups was seen. After a small load of @entity413 (6 g IV) no apparent difference in @entity413 tolerance was seen between hyper- and @entity1375 @entity1 . However, the @entity1378 @entity1 had greater IRI and @entity2690 responses to @entity413 than the @entity1375 but the differences diminished after treatment. Before treatment, @entity1375 @entity1 had lower blood @entity413 response to a meal intake than @entity1378 @entity1 but no differences were seen between the 2 @entity1 groups with regard to IRI- and @entity2690 responses. After treatment, no differences between the 2 groups were seen with regard to blood @entity413 , IRI or @entity2690 responses to the meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity413 tolerance and insulin and XXXX responses after various insulin secretory stimuli in hyper- and @entity1375 subjects before and after treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['C-peptide']


abstract: Elevated levels of postprandial @entity1674 -rich lipoproteins (ppTRLs) are atherogenic. @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have exaggerated @entity407 associated with elevation or prolonged residence of ppTRL remnants. We examined whether dietary @entity844 compositions (DFACs) decrease atherogenic lipid profiles in ppTRL subfractions in @entity6 Chinese @entity1 . A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted among 28 @entity6 @entity1 . @entity1 consumed 1 of 3 standardized DFAC-specific fat meals: equidominant (1:1:1), @entity5204 ( @entity5204 )-dominant ( @entity5204 -D, 1:1.7:2.3), or @entity8981 ( @entity8981 )-dominant ( @entity8981 -D, 1:1.7:1.2) meals. Numbers in parenthesis, respectively, represent the ratio of @entity1718 , @entity8981 , and @entity5204 to @entity1718 . The @entity8981 -D meal was the control. @entity1674 and @entity165 levels were measured in Svedberg flotation rate (S(f)) greater than 400, S(f) 60 to 400, S(f) 20 to 60, and S(f) 12 to 20 ppTRL subfractions at fasting (0 hour) and 2, 4, and 6 hours after the consumption of the fat meals. Effects of DFACs on mean concentrations of @entity1674 and @entity165 averaged over 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours in ppTRL subfractions were assessed using linear mixed models. Stability and robustness were validated with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Contrasted to the control, equidominant meal reduced 6-hour average @entity1674 levels in S(f) greater than 400 (P = .002, bootstrap P < .05) and S(f) 20 to 60 (P = .02, bootstrap P < .05) subfractions, and decreased average S(f) 20 to 60 @entity165 (P = .04, bootstrap P < .05); @entity5204 -D decreased S(f) greater than 400 average @entity1674 levels (P = .09, bootstrap P < .05). Bootstrap samples suggested that @entity5204 -D decreased average S(f) 20 to 60 @entity165 levels (bootstrap P < .05). Therefore, modifying DFACs attenuates the atherogenic lipid profile of ppTRLs in @entity6 @entity1 ; but increasing @entity5204 ratio may be more feasible.

title: Beneficial effects of designed dietary XXXX compositions on lipids in @entity1674 -rich lipoproteins among Chinese @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['postprandial lipemia']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'PUFA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol', 'triacylglycerols', 'Triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity8981 :: ('CHEBI:25413', 'Chemical') :: ['MUFA', 'monounsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: Neuropeptide @entity17234 and its three G-protein coupled receptors, @entity17234 receptor type 1- @entity17234 receptor type 3 ( @entity40335 - @entity40336 ), are involved in the regulation of numerous physiological and disease processes, and thus represent tremendous potential in neuroscience research and novel drug lead development. One of the areas where @entity17234 is involved is @entity308 . Previous studies have suggested that activation of @entity40337 leads to attenuation of @entity308 -like behavior. Unfortunately, lack of in vivo usable subtype specific ligands hinders testing the role of @entity17234 in @entity308 mechanisms. In this article, we utilize an approach of increasing in vivo usability of peptide-based ligands, acting upon CNS. Thus, we have synthesized a series of novel systemically active @entity17234 analogs, with modest preferential binding toward @entity40337 . We have shown that specific chemical modifications to the @entity17234 backbone increase brain levels upon i.v. injection of the peptides. Several of the new peptides, similar to a common clinically used antidepressant medication @entity2645 , exerted antidepressant-like effect in forced swim test, a @entity19 model of @entity308 , at a surprisingly low dose range (< 0.5 mg/kg). We chose one of the peptides, J18, for more thorough study, and showed its efficacy also in another @entity19 @entity308 model (tail suspension test), and demonstrated that its antidepressant-like effect upon i.v. administration can be blocked by i.c.v. @entity17234 receptor antagonist M35. The effect of the J18 was also abolished in @entity40337 KO animals. All this suggests that systemically administered peptide analog J18 exerts its biological effect through activation of @entity40337 in the brain. The novel @entity17234 analogs represent potential drug leads and a novel pharmaceutical intervention for @entity308 .

title: Novel systemically active XXXX ligands in @entity308 -like behavior.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

answer: @entity40337 :: (14428(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['galanin receptor 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intrathoracic @entity834 is a major cause of postoperative mortality and morbidity after resection for @entity5 . Little is known about persisting symptoms after this complication. In this Swedish nationwide cohort study, it was hypothesized that intrathoracic @entity834 makes @entity1 more susceptible to persisting eating difficulties, odynophagia, @entity1282 , trouble swallowing saliva and reflux. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent oesophagectomy for @entity5 , and had reconstruction with a gastric conduit and an intrathoracic @entity254 , between April 2001 and December 2005 were included. Symptoms were measured using an @entity5 -specific health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (QLQ-OES18), developed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 . Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate risk estimates for symptoms, expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95 per cent confidence interval, 6 months after intrathoracic anastomotic leakage. RESULTS: Among the 277 @entity1 included in the study, the 29 @entity1 with an intrathoracic @entity834 had a fourfold increased risk (OR 4  05, 1  47 to 11  16) of eating difficulties and a more than twofold greater risk (OR 2  59, 1  15 to 5  82) of odynophagia, 6 months after surgery, compared with @entity1 without a leak. There was a twofold increased risk of trouble swallowing, but this was not statistically significant ( @entity29365 , 0  58 to 6  67). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with an intrathoracic @entity834 after @entity5 surgery were at increased risk of eating difficulties and odynophagia 6 months after surgery. Higher risks of reflux and @entity1282 were not found among @entity1 with @entity834 .

title: Persisting symptoms after intrathoracic XXXX following oesophagectomy for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leak']


abstract: Severe @entity51 are common characteristics of @entity1 surviving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or isolated @entity542 ( @entity542 ). For comparative evaluation of underlying pathomechanisms, 22 @entity1 with out-of-hospital @entity1167 and successful CPR as well as 10 @entity1 with @entity542 were included in our prospective study. Circulating S-100B was determined as an indicator of cellular @entity75 . @entity687 ( @entity687 ), soluble @entity4105 (sE-selectin) and polymorphonuclear (PMN-) elastase were measured as markers of systemic @entity32 following whole body ischaemia and @entity5721 . Venous blood samples were drawn on scene (median time 11.0 min after starting basic life support) and in the intensive care unit (median time 12.5 h thereafter) in CPR @entity1 and at admission to hospital (median time 43.8 min after trauma) and approx. 12 h later in @entity542 @entity1 . Biochemical parameters in these samples were compared with specimens taken from 20 healthy volunteers. Initial median S-100B levels of the CPR and @entity542 @entity1 were both significantly increased compared with the controls. Twelve hours later, significant falls in S-100B revealed no differences between the two @entity1 groups, but did not reach control values. Median @entity687 and sE-selectin levels entry to the study were elevated in both @entity1 groups compared with controls and showed further rises within the following 12 h. Finally, increased initial median levels of @entity11891 revealed significant differences between the @entity1 groups and between @entity1 and controls. Twelve hours later, median @entity11891 values were equally elevated in the CPR and @entity542 subjects. Our preliminary data suggest similar pathomechanisms occurring after both CPR and @entity542 . Both clinical entities seem to be associated with early transient cellular @entity75 as shown by prolonged rapidly increasing and subsequent fall in S-100B serum levels. In contrast, the prolonged elevation of circulating @entity687 , sE-selectin and @entity11891 may indicate a very similar systemic inflammatory response by endothelial cells and neutrophils initiated by ischaemia and @entity5721 in both conditions. Further studies should be carried out to determine the cause and the prognostic value of these biochemical parameters in relation to long-term neurological outcome.

title: Early cellular XXXX and systemic inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary resuscitation or isolated @entity542 : a comparative pilot study on common pathomechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['severe head trauma', 'SHT']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5600 have antiandrogenic effects and may disrupt lipid and @entity1735 metabolism. Racial/ethnic subpopulations have been documented to have varying urinary @entity5244 concentrations and prevalences of @entity28 . OBJECTIVE: We examined associations between urinary @entity5244 metabolites and body mass outcomes in a nationally representative sample of U.S. @entity1 and adolescents. METHODS: We performed stratified and whole-sample cross-sectional analyses of 2,884 @entity1 6-19 years of age who participated in the 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable linear and logistic analyses of body mass index z-score, overweight, and @entity28 were performed against molar concentrations of low-molecular-weight (LMW), high-molecular-weight (HMW), and @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ) metabolites, controlling for sex, television watching, caregiver education, caloric intake, poverty-income ratio, race/ethnicity, serum @entity4874 , and age group. We used sensitivity analysis to examine robustness of results to removing sample weighting, normalizing @entity5244 concentrations for molecular weight, and examining different dietary intake covariates. RESULTS: In stratified, multivariable models, each log unit (roughly 3-fold) increase in LMW metabolites was associated with 21% and 22% increases in odds (95% CI: 1.05-1.39 and 1.07-1.39, respectively) of overweight and @entity28 , and a 0.090-SD unit increase in BMI z-score (95% CI: 0.003-0.18), among @entity7864 . Significant associations were not identified in any other racial/ethnic subgroup or in the study sample as a whole after controlling for potential confounders, associations were not significant for HMW or @entity5248 metabolites, and results did not change substantially with sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a race/ethnicity-specific association of @entity5600 with @entity28 in a nationally representative sample. Further study is needed to corroborate the association and evaluate genetic/epigenomic predisposition and/or increased @entity5244 exposure as possible explanations for differences among racial/ethnic subgroups.

title: Race/ethnicity-specific associations of urinary XXXX with childhood body mass in a nationally representative sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic blacks']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['DEHP', 'di-2-ethylhexylphthalate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['Phthalates', 'phthalates']

answer: @entity5600 :: (CHEBI:26092,Chemical) :: ['phthalates']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Surgical treatment of odontoid @entity174 is recommended by many surgeons to prevent @entity16 or progressive @entity602 . Less aggressive approach to the treatment of odontoid @entity174 has been advocated by some authors especially in the elderly population. Very few reports have followed up @entity1 ' outcomes following conservative treatment of odontoid @entity174 . Here we evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of @entity1 without @entity602 treated without surgery for an @entity174 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 101 @entity1 with @entity174 admitted to the Pennsylvania State Hershey Medical Center between 1998 and 2008. @entity174 were defined using a CT scan according to the Anderson-D'Alonzo Classification. Conservative treatment was pursued in appropriately selected @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 were selected to be treated in a cervical collar. Sixteen @entity1 failed using radiographic evidence and continued @entity4048 . Fourteen @entity1 went on to be surgically stabilized. The other two @entity1 opted to continue with cervical orthosis and regular clinical evaluations. The Forty-three remaining @entity1 had stable imaging studies and with no other complaints. None of the @entity1 developed @entity602 symptoms during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that a select group of @entity1 with odontoid @entity174 who are deemed stable on initial evaluation in a cervical orthosis may be effectively managed non-operatively. None of the @entity1 who were managed conservatively had clinical worsening during the period of management. The decision to proceed with surgical treatment was based on failure of resolution of @entity4048 or worsening or concerning instability on imaging studies. However in many @entity1 , even elderly @entity1 in a surgical risks are greater, many odontoid @entity174 can be safely managed in a cervical orthosis.

title: Nonoperative management of odontoid XXXX : a review of 59 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'traumatic odontoid fracture', 'Fractures', 'fracture', 'odontoid type fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sudden neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Following the severe acute @entity1576 outbreak in 2003, hospitals have been mandated to use @entity281 screening questionnaires to determine which @entity1 have infectious @entity1576 and, therefore, require isolation precautions. Despite widespread use of symptom-based screening tools in Ontario, there are no data supporting the accuracy of these screening tools in hospitalized @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To measure the performance characteristics of @entity281 screening tools used during the H1N1 @entity683 season. METHODS: The present retrospective cohort study was conducted at The Ottawa Hospital (Ottawa, Ontario) between October and December, 2009. Consecutive inpatients admitted from the emergency department were included if they were >= 18 years of age, underwent a screening tool assessment at presentation and had a most responsible diagnosis that was @entity299 . The gold-standard outcome was laboratory diagnosis of @entity683 . RESULTS: The prevalence of laboratory-confirmed @entity683 was 23.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of the febrile @entity1576 screening tool were 74.5% (95% CI 60.5% to 84.8%) and 32.7% (95% CI 25.8% to 40.5%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the @entity683 -like illness screening tool were 75.6% (95% CI 61.3% to 85.8%) and 46.3% (95% CI 38.2% to 54.7%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The febrile @entity1576 screening tool missed 26% of active @entity683 cases, while 67% of noninfluenza @entity1 were unnecessarily placed under respiratory isolation. Results of the present study suggest that @entity281 -control practitioners should re-evaluate their strategy of screening @entity1 at admission for contagious @entity1576 using symptom- and sign-based tests. Future efforts should focus on the derivation and validation of clinical decision rules that combine clinical features with laboratory tests.

title: XXXX screening tools fail to accurately predict @entity683 status for @entity1 during pandemic H1N1 @entity683 season.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness', 'respiratory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac, respiratory or infectious']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Influenza infection']


abstract: Increased understanding of the @entity12464 has resulted in novel therapeutic approaches, some of which have already reached clinical practice. Central to the @entity12464 is an imbalance between the increase in different vasodilators (foremost among which is @entity842 ) and the compensatory increase in vasoconstrictors--usually accompanied by a blunted response. This chapter discusses the role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of the syndrome and in future treatment approaches. A relatively new area of research in this field is the role of @entity281 and @entity32 in the initiation and maintenance of the @entity12464 . The use of antibiotics in the setting of acute @entity548 is standard practice. Studies have suggested that chronic manipulation of the intestinal flora could have beneficial effects in the treatment of portal @entity101 . The @entity3645 are another novel and interesting target. Although their vasoactive properties have been known for some time, recent data demonstrate that their effects could be central in the pathogenesis of the @entity12464 , and that manipulation of the composition of the @entity6741 pool could be a therapeutic approach to portal @entity101 . Finally, @entity519 and angiogenesis play a role in the development of portal @entity101 and the formation of collaterals. This role needs to be further defined but it appears likely that this phenomenon is yet another target for therapeutic intervention.

title: The future treatment of portal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdynamic circulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration in the assessment of @entity3893 and its association with seminiferous tubule microliths. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary care fertility center in a university hospital. @entity1 (S): Male undergoing @entity249 evaluation. INTERVENTION(S): Testicular biopsy and percutaneous testicular aspiration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum hormone analysis, sperm concentration in semen, spermatogenesis in samples from testicular biopsies and @entity1173 , and microlith composition. RESULT(S): A @entity1 presented for @entity249 evaluation with a history of severe @entity6660 that progressed to @entity3893 . The serum @entity251 concentration (357 ng/dL) and LH concentration (9.2 mIU/mL) were normal and the serum FSH concentration (18.3 mIU/mL) was elevated. Testicular biopsy results indicated @entity29743 with limited spermatozoa. Seminiferous tubules obtained by percutaneous testicular aspiration were structurally aberrant, with @entity7261 . Microliths averaging 120 microm in diameter were observed within and blocking the seminiferous tubules. The microliths were composed of @entity78 ( @entity692 ) in both the core and peripheral regions. Electron microscopy revealed a high degree of collagen-like material within the peripheral zone. CONCLUSION(S): The presence of seminiferous tubule microliths is associated with the development of @entity3893 . In @entity1 with a low incidence of seminiferous tubule microliths and aberrant seminiferous tubule architecture, percutaneous testicular aspiration may provide a diagnostic advantage over testicular biopsy.

title: Identification of seminiferous tubule aberrations and a low incidence of testicular microliths associated with the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diverticula']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity29743 :: ('OMIM:108420', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogenic hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspirations']

answer: @entity3893 :: (MESH:D053713,Disease) :: ['azoospermia']


abstract: Effects of the new Ca++ antagonist @entity594 (Adalat) on coronary haemodynamics were studied in 8 @entity1 with documented @entity299 . The continuous infusion thermodilution technique was used to measure cardiac venous blood flow. Sublingual application of 10 mg @entity594 caused a significant increase (16%) in myocardial blood flow and a decrease (18%) in coronary arteriolar resistance at rest, but not during a submaximal atrial pacing test. There was no change in coronary arteriovenous @entity26 difference, myocardial @entity26 consumption, @entity26 consumption per unit of heart rate blood pressure index or left ventricular efficiency index. The effects on the coronary haemodynamics are discussed in relation to the simultaneous changes in general haemodynamics. Systolic aortic pressure was slightly reduced, significantly only at rest, while peripheral vascular resistance decreased and cardiac output increased also during atrial pacing. No change in free @entity844 metabolism was observed. It is concluded that @entity594 is a mild coronary vasodilator. No effect was observed on myocardial @entity26 demand. The @entity26 cost of left ventricular work was unchanged by the drug both at rest and during the submaximal stress test.

title: Effect of @entity594 (Adalat) on coronary haemodynamics in XXXX with coronary arteriosclerotic disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The elastic properties of tissues are expected to provide novel information for use in diagnosing pathologic changes in tissues and discriminating between @entity5 . Because it is hard to directly estimate the elastic modulus distribution from echo signals, methods for imaging the distribution of tissue strain under static compression are being widely investigated. Imaging the distribution of strain has proven to be useful for detecting disease tissues on the basis of their differences in elastic properties, although it is more qualitative than elastic modulus distribution. Many approaches to obtaining strain images from echo signals have been proposed. Most of these approaches use the spatial correlation technique, a method of detecting tissue displacement that provides maximum correlation between the echo signal obtained before and the one obtained after compression. Those methods are not suited for real-time processing, however, because of the amount of computation time they require. An alternative approach is a phase-tracking method, which is analogous to Doppler blood flowmetry. Although it can realize the rapid detection of displacement, the aliasing effect prevents its application to the large displacements that are necessary to improve the S/N ratio of the strain image. We therefore developed a more useful technique for imaging tissue elasticity. This approach, which we call the @entity18274 ( @entity18274 ) method, has the advantages of producing strain images of high quality with real-time processing and being applicable to large displacements.Numeric simulation and phantom experimentation have demonstrated that this method's capability to reconstruct images of tissue strain distribution under practical conditions is superior to that of the conventional spatial correlation method. In simulation and phantom experimentation, moreover, the image of elastic modulus distribution was also obtained by estimating stress distribution using a three-dimensional tissue model. When the proposed @entity18274 method was used to measure @entity0 specimens, the obtained strain images clearly revealed @entity5 lesions that were only vaguely resolved in B-mode images. Moreover, the results indicated the possibility of extracting the pathological characteristics of a @entity5 , making it useful for determining @entity5 type. These advantages justify the clinical use of the @entity18274 method.

title: Real time tissue elasticity imaging using the XXXX method.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'harder tumor', 'malignant and benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity18274 :: ('MESH:D009100', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'combined autocorrelation']

answer: @entity18274 :: (MESH:D009100,Disease) :: ['combined autocorrelation']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The effects of successful pancreas transplant alone ( @entity865 ) on chronic complications of @entity6 , in particular @entity6 , remain disputed. We prospectively studied the course of @entity6 in @entity865 recipients and in non-transplanted (non- @entity865 ) type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: The @entity865 and non- @entity865 groups consisted respectively of 33 (follow-up: 30 +/- 11 months) and 35 @entity1 (follow-up: 28 +/- 10 months). Best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement, ophthalmoscopy, retinal photographs, and in selected cases angiography were performed. @entity6 and its improvement/deterioration were assessed according to criteria proposed by the Eurodiab Study. RESULTS: At baseline, 9% of @entity865 and 6% of non- @entity865 @entity1 had no @entity6 , 24 and 29% had non-proliferative @entity6 (NPDR), whereas 67 and 66% had laser-treated and/or proliferative @entity6 (LT/PDR), respectively. No new case of @entity6 occurred in either group during follow-up. In the NPDR @entity865 group, 50% of @entity1 improved by one grading, and 50% showed no change. In the LT/PDR @entity865 , stabilisation was observed in 86% of cases, whereas worsening of @entity989 occurred in 14% of @entity1 . In the NPDR non- @entity865 group, @entity6 improved in 20% of @entity1 , remained unchanged in 10%, and worsened in the remaining 70%. In the LT/PDR non- @entity865 group, @entity989 did not change in 43% and deteriorated in 57% of @entity1 . Overall, the percentage of @entity1 with improved or stabilised @entity6 was significantly higher in the @entity865 group. No differences were found between the two groups with regard to @entity231 lesions and intraocular pressure values. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Despite a relatively short follow-up, our study shows that successful @entity865 can positively affect the course of @entity6 .

title: Pancreas transplant alone has beneficial effects on @entity989 in type 1 XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The utility of @entity1818 , up to 10 mg/kg IV, as a provocative test for intermittent high degree @entity713 was evaluated in a total of 89 @entity1 . Forty two @entity1 had resting 1:1 AV conduction but had @entity616 and a history of @entity1163 . High degree @entity713 had not been documented in anyone. Before @entity1818 , the HV interval was greater than 60 ms in 17 of the 42 @entity1 but no @entity1 developed @entity616 with fixed rate atrial pacing or following programmed atrial extrastimuli. @entity1818 administration lengthened the mean HV interval by 11.9 ms and in seven (14%) the HV increment was marked, 15-75 ms. Furthermore, four (9.5%) of these 42 @entity1 developed second or third degree @entity616 and in two of these four @entity1 , the HV prior to @entity1818 administration was normal or only mildly prolonged (less than 60 ms). The findings were compared to those in three "control" groups. Among four @entity1 with @entity616 , previously documented transient @entity713 but 1:1 AV conduction at the time of study, three developed @entity713 following @entity1818 . Among five @entity1 with @entity616 but without @entity1163 nor documented @entity713 , the mean HV interval lengthened by 18.8 ms and in three the HV increment was 24-30 ms. In another 38 @entity1 with neither @entity1163 nor an @entity1757 , the mean HV interval lengthened by 5.3 ms and in two cases by 20-25 ms. Most importantly, @entity713 was never observed in the latter two groups. During follow-up of up to 10 years (mean 46 months), three of the seven @entity1 in whom @entity1818 provoked @entity713 have subsequently progressed to fixed complete @entity713 . Although the incidence of provocation of @entity713 was relatively low, it was concluded that, among @entity1 with possible intermittent @entity713 , administration of @entity1818 as a test of distal conduction has limited value but is still useful, and may provide information additional to that obtained from mere assessment of the HV interval.

title: @entity1818 administration during electrophysiology study--utility as a provocative test for intermittent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'high degree AV block', 'atrioventricular (AV) block']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular conduction defect']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide', 'Procainamide']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['infra-Hisian block', 'bifascicular block']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular block']


abstract: Heart and @entity32 (HSMI) is an emerging @entity1800 caused by a novel @entity12178 reovirus (ASRV) affecting farmed fish. Primary symptoms associated with HSMI include @entity296 indicating a severe inflammatory process. Recently, we applied the concept of clinical nutrition to moderate the long-term inflammatory process associated with HSMI in salmon subjected to experimental ASRV challenge. The use of functional feeds with lower lipid (hence energy) content reduced the inflammatory response to @entity7697 and the severity of associated @entity299 . The aim of the present study was to elucidate possible mechanisms underpinning the observed effects of the functional feeds, focussing on @entity9610 and @entity844 metabolism in liver and head kidney. Here we show that liver was also a site for histopathological lesions in HSMI showing @entity1560 reflecting impaired lipid metabolism. This study is also the first to evaluate the expression of a suite of key genes involved in pathways relating diet and membrane phospholipid @entity844 compositions, and the inflammatory response after @entity7697 . The expression of hepatic /\6 and /\5 desaturases was higher in fish fed the functional feeds, potentially increasing their capacity for endogenous production and availability of anti-inflammatory EPA. Effects on mobilization of lipids and changes in the LC- @entity5204 composition of membrane phospholipids, along with significant changes in the expression of the genes related to @entity9610 pathways, showed the important role of the head kidney in @entity32 caused by @entity1800 . The results from the present study suggest that clinical nutrition through functional feeding could be an effective complementary therapy for emerging salmon @entity1800 associated with long-term @entity32 .

title: Effect of functional feeds on XXXX and @entity9610 metabolism in liver and head kidney of @entity12178 ( @entity12178 L.) with experimentally induced @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation', 'Skeletal Muscle Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial and skeletal muscle necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections', 'viral diseases', 'viral disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart lesions']

entities_list: @entity7697 :: ('MESH:D012088', 'Disease') :: ['ASRV infection']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the prevalence of @entity3087 in a non-institutionalised community and to determine the relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivery. DESIGN: A representative population survey using the 1998 South Australian Health Omnibus Survey. SAMPLE: Random selection of 4400 households; 3010 interviews were conducted in the respondents' homes by trained female interviewers. This cross sectional survey included @entity1 and @entity1 aged 15-97 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of all types of self-reported @entity322 in @entity1 was 4.4% and in @entity1 was 35.3% (P<0.001). @entity322 was more commonly reported in nulliparous @entity1 than @entity1 and increased after pregnancy according to parity and age. The highest prevalence (51.9%) was reported in @entity1 aged 70-74 years. The prevalence of flatus and @entity322 was 6.8% and 2.3% in @entity1 and 10.9% and 3.5% in @entity1 , respectively. Pregnancy (> 20 weeks), regardless of the mode of delivery, greatly increased the prevalence of major pelvic @entity409 , defined as any type of @entity322 , symptoms of prolapse or previous pelvic floor surgery. Multivariate logistic regression showed that, compared with nulliparity, pelvic @entity409 was significantly associated with caesarean section ( @entity38007 , 95% CI 1.5-4.3), spontaneous vaginal delivery (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.4-4.9) and at least one instrumental delivery (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.8-6.6). The difference between caesarean and instrumental delivery was significant (P<0.03) but was not for caesarean and spontaneous delivery. Other associations with pelvic floor morbidity were age, body mass index, coughing, @entity170 , @entity625 and reduced quality of life scores. Symptoms of haemorrhoids also increased with age and parity and were reported in 19.9% of @entity1 and 30.2% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity3087 are very common and are strongly associated with female gender, ageing, pregnancy, parity and instrumental delivery. Caesarean delivery is not associated with a significant reduction in long term pelvic floor morbidity compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery.

title: The prevalence of XXXX and their relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivery.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'Urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic floor disorders', 'pelvic floor disorders']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['floor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity3087 :: (MESH:D059952,Disease) :: ['pelvic floor disorders']


abstract: One-hundred and ninety-five consecutive @entity146 outpatients had urine sampled for the presence of opiates, @entity2072 , barbiturates, and @entity889 . All @entity1 had demographic variables, diagnostic information, and treatment course analyzed in a blind fashion using preselected criteria. Patterns of abuse were defined for the 13.3% of the total sample who were covert abusers. An analysis of diagnostic accuracy for abusing and nonabusing populations indicated that covert abuse markedly distorted diagnosis and management. The study indicates that demographic variables and previous history were not reliable predicators of covert abuse. @entity734 was a major factor in distorting the accuracy of diagnosis. Drug abusers were significantly less likely to improve with therapy than were nonabusers. @entity17166 abusers were most likely to suffer from adverse drug reactions. Urine screening for drugs was the single most valuable diagnostic tool and was felt to be indicated in all cases where diagnostic confusion was present. Therapists saw the covert abuser as sick out of proportion to their social behavior, were perplexed and frightened by these @entity1 ' dependency, and perceived them as too brittle for therapy. Therapists behaved very differently with these @entity1 than with diagnostically matched controls. They misdiagnosed them four times more often, missed appointments with them seven times more often, and were ten times more likely to refer them to another therapist or agency. Therapist @entity148 and "flight from therapy" with covertly abusing @entity1 are discussed.

title: The effect of unrecognized XXXX on diagnosis and therapeutic outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity17166 :: ('MESH:C032232', 'Chemical') :: ['Barbiturate']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Drug abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug abuse']


abstract: The alpha 2 agonists @entity4931 and @entity4763 were given to freely moving @entity35 implanted with bilateral hippocampal recording electrodes. These alpha 2 agonists produced virtually continuous type 2 (immobility) theta. Type 1 (movement) theta was attenuated with these drugs. Subsequent administration of @entity3897 eliminated all theta in the hippocampus. Other animals were given the alpha 2 antagonist @entity6116 . This drug had no effect on type 1 theta but animals showed an increase in the production of type 2 theta during sensory stimulation. These type 2 theta responses habituated both within and between trials. @entity6116 was ineffective as a blocking agent for the effects of @entity4931 . Preadministration of @entity3897 blocked the effects of @entity4931 on type 2 theta but not on the elimination of type 1 theta. Results are discussed in terms of alpha 2 modulation of the cholinergic and serotonergic systems.

title: The effects of alpha 2 agonists and antagonists on hippocampal theta activity in the freely moving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6116 :: ('MESH:D014043', 'Chemical') :: ['tolazoline', 'Tolazoline']

entities_list: @entity4931 :: ('MESH:C041255', 'Chemical') :: ['detomidine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine sulfate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity750 [ @entity750 ( @entity750 )] is believed to play an important inhibitory role in the regulation of @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep. @entity750 may exert this effect on neurons of the laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) nuclei that are implicated as important in the generation of @entity1319 sleep and phasic @entity1319 events such as ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves and respiratory variability. In @entity35 brainstem in vitro, @entity750 hyperpolarizes and inhibits the bursting properties of LDT neurons assumed to be involved in generating @entity1319 sleep and PGO waves. This study tests the hypothesis that in vivo @entity750 at the LDT nuclei suppresses @entity1319 sleep and phasic @entity1319 events. Ten @entity35 were implanted with bilateral cannulae aimed at the LDT and with electrodes for recording the electroencephalogram, neck electromyogram, PGO waves, and diaphragm electromyogram. During @entity1319 sleep, @entity750 (100 nl; 1-1.5 mM), saline, or sham microinjections were performed; repeated microinjections were separated by approximately 1 hr. After the first microinjection, @entity1319 sleep as a percent of the total sleep time was reduced with @entity750 (mean percent @entity1319 , 19.9 +/- 2.5% for @entity750 vs 26.8 +/- 2.4% for saline; p = 0.02). @entity1319 duration was reduced by 37% with @entity750 (p = 0.01), but @entity1319 episode frequency was changed less consistently (p = 0.21), suggesting that @entity750 mainly disrupted @entity1319 sleep maintenance. Per unit time of @entity1319 sleep, @entity750 had no effect on the amount or variability of @entity1319 PGO activity (p > 0.740) or on the mean or coefficient of variation of @entity1319 respiratory rate (p > 0.11). With subsequent microinjections, the effects of @entity750 on @entity1319 sleep were similar. A dose-dependent @entity1319 sleep suppression with @entity750 was observed in five @entity35 tested. These data suggest that in vivo @entity750 at the LDT nuclei suppresses @entity1319 sleep expression. Although @entity750 did not disproportionately reduce the occurrence of phasic events within @entity1319 , total @entity1319 phasic activity was reduced because of less @entity1319 sleep after @entity750 .

title: XXXX at the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus suppresses rapid-eye-movement sleep in freely behaving @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'Serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid-eye-movement']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: As provenance of postconcussion symptoms after mild @entity131 (mTBI) is controversial, with similar rates found in other populations, we aimed to identify postconcussion symptoms specific to mTBI compared with controls. We also compared differences between complicated and uncomplicated mTBIs. SETTING: Hospital emergency department. @entity1 : Adult individuals (34 individuals with complicated mTBI, 76 individuals with uncomplicated mTBI, and 47 orthopedic controls) who sought care in the emergency department and were consecutively recruited by post at 2 weeks postinjury. MAIN MEASURES: Rivermead Postconcussion Symptom Questionnaire. Preinjury factors were used as covariates. RESULTS: Compared with orthopedic controls, complicated mTBI group reported greater severity of @entity10 , @entity1296 , and @entity390 , as well as concentration difficulties, suggesting that these are neurogenic. Severity of other symptoms measured on the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptom Questionnaire was not significantly different between these groups, suggesting that these are psychogenic. Differences were evident between the 2 mTBI samples on the items of @entity1296 , @entity390 , @entity1295 , @entity25 , and concentration difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: Neurogenic and psychogenic postconcussion symptoms were identified at the acute-phase postinjury. Findings suggest that treating @entity1 with mTBI as a homogenous sample is not prudent. This should inform prognostic models and follow-up support offered after leaving the emergency department.

title: Neurogenic and psychogenic acute postconcussion symptoms can be identified after mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: For establishment of gonadal xenografting, it is essential to clarify whether offspring derived from gametes grown in host @entity19 harboring xenografts have normal reproductive development. This study examined the secretory profiles of gonadal hormones in relation to sexual maturation or ovarian cyclicity in @entity1707 generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection using xenogeneic sperm (Xeno-ICSI @entity1707 , four males and one female). We also assessed the developmental activity of gametes obtained from these @entity1707 using in vitro culture systems, or by mating with conventionally produced (conventional) @entity1707 . During the growth of male Xeno-ICSI pigs, serum inhibin and @entity251 concentrations were generally within ranges for those hormones in conventional @entity1707 . Histologically, there were no differences in the growth and differentiation of seminiferous tubules between Xeno-ICSI and conventional @entity1707 . Parameters of semen quality, including volume, pH, sperm concentration, and the percentage of motile sperm were not different from those in conventional @entity1707 . Among the Xeno-ICSI @entity1707 , individual differences were noted in the ability of sperm to penetrate oocytes and to produce blastocysts. However, oocytes after in vitro fertilization using these sperm developed into blastocysts containing more than 31 cells. One conventional sow delivered 12 piglets after being mated with a male Xeno-ICSI @entity1707 . During growth of the female Xeno-ICSI pig, serum @entity1420 concentrations had a sudden increase at 41 wk of age, suggesting CL formation. After puberty, this animal showed cyclic changes in the serum concentrations of @entity1420 and inhibin, and delivered 10 piglets after AI using fresh sperm obtained from a conventional boar. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that both male and female Xeno-ICSI @entity1707 had normal reproductive abilities.

title: Normal reproductive development of offspring derived by intracytoplasmic injection of porcine sperm grown in host XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Three hundred and seventy-one @entity1 below 16 years, with newly diagnosed @entity3052 , were included in six consecutive GATLA/GLATHEM protocols, from November 1967 to December 1987. The study was divided in three periods: 1967 to 1975, 1976 to 1982, and 1983 to 1987. Three induction schedules were used during the first two periods, and different maintenance schemes alternating with monthly consolidations were explored; the value of immunotherapy with @entity2432 and @entity342 therapy with @entity27620 was also tested. Protocol 3-AML-83, representing the third period, included a four-week induction phase with @entity1891 , @entity632 , @entity5538 - @entity34899 , @entity229 and @entity4446 , followed by a consolidation phase with @entity786 , @entity5538 - @entity34899 and @entity4446 for four weeks. Maintenance phase included daily, oral @entity4446 , and monthly @entity5538 - @entity34899 , both during two years, and @entity632 every eighth week, for one year. Complete remission rates for the first two periods of therapy were 40% and 55%, whereas that of the last period was 74%. The overall results of the period 1967-1982, showed actuarial duration rates of complete remission, event-free survival and survival, at 60 months, between 2% and 6%, their median duration being of 9, 8 and 10 months respectively. No significant difference was observed between the first two periods or protocols. Protocol 3-AML-83, activated in March 1983, achieved actuarial rates of continuous complete remission, event-free survival, and survival of 51%, 37% and 39% respectively, at 48 months. The difference between the first two periods and the last one was highly significant (P less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Advances in the treatment of @entity3052 in XXXX . Experience of the Argentinian Group of Acute Leukemia Treatment and the Latin American Group of Malignant Hemopathies Treatment 1967-1987].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity34899 :: ('CHEBI:22601', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity27620 :: ('MESH:D013197', 'Chemical') :: ['stanozolol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']