abstract: PURPOSE: To report outcome of pars plana vitrectomy in @entity1 with @entity8814 due to @entity1596 . METHODS: Assessment of ciliary body was done preoperatively by ultrasound biomicroscopy and intraoperatively by direct visualization. Surgical procedure included pars plana or limbal lensectomy and vitrectomy with removal of ciliary membranes and traction. @entity1346 oil tamponade was used in selected eyes. Postoperatively subtenon @entity2995 was given if intraocular pressure (IOP) remained low. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes of nine @entity1 , all @entity1 at mean age of 15.66 +/- 12.57 (4-40) years, were included. In 7 eyes with intact ciliary processes, mean pre- and postoperative IOP was 4.00 +/- 1.6 mmHg and 9.1 +/- 4.1 mmHg, respectively. In 4 eyes with ciliary @entity194 that did not receive @entity1346 oil tamponade, mean pre- and postoperative IOP was 4.25 +/- 1.7 and 3.75 +/- 0.9 mmHg, respectively. In 4 eyes with ciliary @entity194 that received @entity1346 oil tamponade mean pre- and postoperative IOP was 3.75 +/- 1.7 and 11.5 +/- 2.3 mmHg, respectively. Mean follow-up was 19.9 +/- 14.9 (8-56) months. Postoperative mean logMAR visual acuity improved significantly (P < 0.001) from 2.29 +/- 0.67 to 1.01 +/- 0.89. CONCLUSION: In eyes with normal ciliary processes, removal of ciliary membranes alone was sufficient to restore IOP. However, if ciliary @entity194 was present, IOP was restored only in those eyes that received @entity1346 oil tamponade.

title: Successful outcome of pars plana vitreous surgery in @entity8814 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity8814 :: ('MESH:D015814', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hypotony']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6659 , an @entity74 , is mostly caused by mutations in the genes that encode @entity3488 , neurophysin-II. The mutations lead to aberrant preprohormone processing and progressive destruction of @entity3488 -secreting cells, which gradually manifests a progressive @entity2011 and @entity4683 during early childhood, and a disorder of water homeostasis. OBJECTIVE: We characterized the clinical and biochemical features, and sequenced the @entity3488 neurophysin-II( @entity3488 ) gene of the affected individuals with @entity6659 (ADNDI)to determine whether this disease was genetically determined. @entity1 AND METHODS: We obtained the histories of eight affected and four unaffected family individuals. The diagnosis of ADNDI was established using a water deprivation test and exogenous @entity3488 administration. For molecular analysis, genomic DNA was extracted and the @entity3488 gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. RESULTS: The eight affected individuals showed different spectra of age of onsets (7-15 years) and urine volumes (132-253 ml/kg/24 h). All affected individuals responded to @entity1951 administration, with a resolution of symptoms and an increase in urine osmolality by more than 50%. The characteristic hyperintense signal in the posterior pituitary on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was absent in six family members and present in one. Sequencing analysis revealed a missense heterozygous mutation @entity53757 ( @entity53758 ) in exon 2 of the @entity3488 gene among the ADNDI individuals. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a missense mutation in the @entity3488 gene and the same mutation showed different spectra of age of onsets and urine volumes in a new Chinese family with ADNDI. The mutation may provide a molecular basis for understanding the characteristics of NPII and add to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of ADNDI, which would allow the presymptomatic diagnosis of asymptomatic subjects.

title: A missense mutation in the arginine-vasopressin neurophysin-II gene causes XXXX in a Chinese family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity6659 :: ('MESH:D020790', 'Disease') :: ['Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus', 'autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus']

entities_list: @entity53758 :: ('p|SUB|G|17|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly17Val']

entities_list: @entity3488 :: ('551', 'Gene') :: ['AVP', 'AVP-NPII', 'AVP or its intracellular binding protein']

answer: @entity6659 :: (MESH:D020790,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus']


abstract: The drug-induced graft vs host reaction (GVHR) hypothesis requires, as its first step, specific T-cell immune responses to the drug-modified self. @entity1818 , @entity3109 and @entity2514 are known to provoke @entity56 including GVHR-like adverse effects in @entity1 . We now report that drug-specific immune responses can easily be induced by these drugs in @entity840 . Twenty-five milligrams of each of these drugs and @entity3397 , which is known to make covalent bonds with proteins and to also induce drug-specific immune responses, were mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) and subcutaneously (s.c.) injected twice at an interval of 2 weeks into female Hartley guinea-pigs. The antibodies to these drugs were assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two weeks after the last injection, all animals treated with @entity3109 , @entity2514 and @entity3397 produced high titers of antibodies to these drugs. Antibodies to @entity1818 were also detected, although their antibody titers were low. The specificity of the antibodies produced were tested by the inhibition of ELISA and concentration-dependent inhibition was observed. @entity56 ( @entity56 ) reactions were also observed in the animals treated with @entity1818 , @entity3109 and @entity2514 2 weeks after the last injection. These results suggest that the @entity56 observed in clinical use are related to the inducing potential of drug-specific immune responses in an animal system. Therefore, immunization of @entity840 with test drugs and @entity3795 may give useful information for predicting the occurrence of @entity56 in @entity1 .

title: Drug-specific immune responses induced by XXXX , @entity2514 and @entity3109 in @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['DTH', 'Delayed type hypersensitivity', 'allergic reactions', 'various allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide', 'Procainamide']

answer: @entity1818 :: (MESH:D011342,Chemical) :: ['procainamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether manual stripping of pus from the breasts of @entity1 with lactational @entity1271 is effective in preventing the formation of breast abscesses. DESIGN: Case series (chart review). SETTING: Family practice in Montreal. @entity1 : All (475) charts of @entity1 with lactational @entity1271 were reviewed; 61 @entity1 were excluded because they already had a @entity0 . Most of the @entity1 had been referred. OUTCOME MEASURES: Abscess formation, length of @entity221 after treatment, rate of recurrence of @entity1271 , @entity221 in the mother or @entity1 within the 6 weeks after the @entity1271 and continuance of breast-feeding. MAIN RESULTS: The duration of symptoms before treatment was 1 to 56 (mean 5.3) days. In 9% of the cases both breasts were affected, and in 23% at least one episode of @entity1271 had previously occurred. The stripping technique was applied to all the @entity1 . Pus was removed in 210 @entity1 ; the remaining @entity1 were considered to have @entity2688 . Only four @entity1 (less than 1%) had breast abscesses. The mean length of @entity221 after treatment was 7.2 days. The rate of recurrence was 14%. In all, 6% of the mothers and 9% of the @entity1 became ill in the 6 weeks after the @entity1271 . Most (92%) of the @entity1 continued to breast-feed. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity733 formation was considerably lower than the rates reported in the literature. Therefore, manual stripping of pus from the infected breasts of lactating @entity1 appears to be effective in preventing breast abscesses.

title: Stripping out pus in lactational XXXX : a means of preventing @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infant', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast abscess']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: Radiofrequency catheter ablation has become the treatment of choice for paroxysmal supraventricular @entity591 involving dual atrioventricular nodes or an accessory pathway. For reentry confined to the atrium where the @entity943 itself or the ventricular response cannot be controlled with drugs, catheter ablation of the His bundle is a treatment option, but requires implantation of a permanent pacemaker and does not restore normal rhythm. In the atria, important anatomic obstacles, such as the great veins and the ostium of the coronary sinus, interrupt the normal arrangement of myocardial fibers. Under certain circumstances these natural obstacles, or those created during atrial surgery for @entity299 , may help to facilitate conditions for reentrant excitation within the atrium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation directed at a protected isthmus of slow conduction in @entity1 with reentrant @entity591 . Eighteen @entity1 with drug-refractory @entity943 underwent invasive electrophysiology testing, followed in the same session by ablation using radiofrequency energy delivered between the large distal electrode of a deflectable catheter and a skin patch. In eight @entity1 , intracardiac echocardiographic imaging was performed to compliment fluoroscopy. These 18 @entity1 had a total of 20 @entity4710 : atypical @entity956 (1 @entity1 ), typical @entity956 (13), @entity2917 (5), and sinus node reentry (1). There were 5 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 with an age range of 8 to 81 years. @entity299 was present in 10 of 14 @entity1 with @entity956 @entity1 with @entity2917 had surgery for @entity299 . Acute success was achieved in 12 of 13 cases (92%) of typical @entity956 and in 6 of 6 cases of other @entity4710 , including sinus node reentry and five @entity943 associated with @entity299 surgery. One @entity1 developed a @entity1150 . Radiofrequency catheter ablation, by severing narrow corridors of slow conduction, can safely abolish reentrant @entity943 in @entity1 . Long-term follow-up evaluation will be required since these @entity1 generally have @entity66 and recurrence of the ablated @entity943 or the emergence of new @entity943 is a possibility.

title: Curing reentrant XXXX . Targeting protected zones of slow conduction by catheter ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'humans', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['intraatrial reentrant tachycardia', 'intraatrial reentrant tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atrial disease']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia or flutter', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'atrial flutter, and 4']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Structural heart disease', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial reentrant tachyarrhythmias', 'atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['atrial arrhythmias']


abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been shown to be curative in a group of @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). A previous study has demonstrated equivalent outcomes with a conditioning regimen based on total body irradiation and another not based on total body irradiation with preparative therapy using @entity786 , @entity3600 , and @entity2879 ( @entity2541 ) in autologous HCT. We investigated the safety and efficacy of using CBV in an allogeneic setting. @entity1 were required to have relapsed or be at high risk for subsequent relapse of @entity1893 . All @entity1 had a fully HLA-matched sibling donor. @entity1 received @entity3600 (15 mg/kg), @entity2879 (60 mg/kg), and @entity786 (100 mg/kg) on days -6, -4, and -2, respectively, followed by allogeneic HCT. All @entity1 were treated with @entity205 and @entity1667 as prophylaxis for @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Thirty-one @entity1 (median age, 46 years) who were felt to be inappropriate candidates for autologous transplantation were enrolled. Each subject had a median of 3 previous chemotherapy regimens. All @entity1 engrafted. Fifteen of 31 @entity1 are alive. Median follow-up time was 11.5 months (range, .4-126). There were 8 deaths due to relapse. Nonrelapse mortality (n = 8) included @entity281 (n = 3), @entity2132 (n = 2), @entity548 (n = 1), @entity5501 in the setting of concurrent acute @entity2132 of the liver (n = 1), and @entity62 (n = 1). Probabilities of event-free survival and overall survival were, respectively, 44% (95% confidence interval, 26%-62%) and 51% (33%-69%) at 1 year and 44% (26%-62%) and 47% (29%-65%) at 5 years. Probability of relapse was 33% (15%-51%) at 1 year and 5 years. Probability of nonrelapse mortality was 31% (13%-49%) at 1 year and 5 years. Incidences were 29% for acute @entity2132 and 39% for chronic @entity2132 . None of the 12 @entity1 who developed chronic @entity2132 has disease recurrence. @entity1 who had required >3 previous chemotherapy regimens before HCT had an increased probability of relapse. CBV is an effective preparative regimen for @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 who undergo allogeneic HCT.

title: High-dose @entity3600 , XXXX , and @entity786 followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: During the past 5 years, the discovery of cell-free @entity224 generation system (Bromberg Y, @entity8637 E: Cell Immunol 88:213-221, 1984) has been revolutionized our understanding of phagocyte @entity224 generation. Using cell-free system, it was clarified that @entity1110 oxidase for @entity224 generation was comprised of components present in both the plasma membrane as well as in the cytosol. This oxidase could be kept inactive by keeping its components separated from each other within the cell and then quickly bringing them together in the plasma membrane upon activation. We analyzed cytosol components with column method, and clarified that 3 neutrophil cytosol factors ( @entity20995 /-2/-3) was necessary for reconstitute the cytosol activity which was missing in an autosomal recessive type of @entity1117 ( @entity1117 ) @entity1 (Nunoi H, et al:Science 242:1298-1301, 1988). @entity56610 were analyzed with B1 antibody and found their molecular weight as 47 and 67 kilodalton respectively. One of autosomal @entity1117 @entity1 was missing NCF-67k and the others were missing @entity20995 . @entity20995 and -67k were cloned with this antibody and sequenced and expressed as recombinant @entity20995 /-67k using baculovirus/insect cell system. Using these recombinants, we are trying to purify NCF-3 which is reported as small G protein in these days. Using monoclonal antibodies against these recombinants, we analyzed tissues with immunohistochemical methods and are trying to classify the type of @entity1117 @entity1 in Japan. In summary, at least five oxidase components now have been identified (alpha and beta chain of @entity13508 558 ( @entity1113 , @entity9822 -phox) and @entity20995 /-67k/-3 ( @entity1114 -phox/p67-phox/delta-1 or SOCI)).

title: [Molecular bases of chronic granulomatous disease--analysis of the involvement of cytosol factors for XXXX oxidase].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Granulomatous Disease', 'CGD']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: Communication between cells and their environments is often mediated by G protein-coupled receptors and cognate G proteins. In fungi, one such signaling cascade is the mating pathway triggered by @entity5681 / @entity5681 receptor recognition. Unlike @entity375 , which expresses two Galpha subunits, most filamentous ascomycetes and basidiomycetes have three Galpha subunits. Previous studies have defined the Galpha subunit acting upstream of the @entity268 -protein kinase A pathway, but it has been unclear which Galpha subunit is coupled to the @entity5681 receptor and response pathway. Here we report that in the pathogenic basidiomycetous @entity375 @entity1327 , two Galpha subunits ( @entity39602 , Gpa3) sense @entity5681 and govern mating. @entity39602 gpa3 double mutants, but neither @entity39602 nor gpa3 single mutants, are sterile in bilateral crosses. By contrast, deletion of GPA3 (but not @entity39602 ) constitutively activates @entity5681 response and filamentation. Expression of @entity39602 and GPA3 is differentially regulated: GPA3 expression is induced by nutrient-limitation, whereas @entity39602 is induced during mating. Based on the phenotype of dominant active alleles, @entity39602 and Gpa3 signal in opposition: @entity39602 promotes mating, whereas Gpa3 inhibits. The incorporation of an additional Galpha into the regulatory circuit enabled increased signaling complexity and facilitated cell fate decisions involving choice between @entity375 growth and filamentous @entity4998 .

title: G protein signaling governing cell fate decisions involves opposing Galpha subunits in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['asexual/sexual development']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity1327 :: (5207,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is usually performed with 5-mm thoracoscope under general @entity590 with endotracheal intubation. Needlescopic thoracic sympathectomy under total intravenous @entity590 without intubation has rarely been attempted. This randomized controlled trial assesses the feasibility and safety of this minimally invasive therapeutic procedure in managing primary @entity1119 . METHODS: From July 2012 to July 2014, 221 @entity1 with severe primary @entity1119 underwent bilateral ETS and were randomly allocated to group A or group B. @entity1 in group A (n=108) underwent nonintubated ETS using a needle endoscope, whereas those in group B (n=113) underwent traditional transaxillary single-port ETS using a 5-mm thoracoscope. RESULTS: ETS was successfully performed in all @entity1 . The palms of all @entity1 became dry and warm immediately after surgery. The mean resuscitation time was significantly shorter in nonintubated @entity1 than in intubated @entity1 (P<0.01). Postoperative sore throat occurred in 37 @entity1 in group B, whereas none of the @entity1 in group A complained about sore throat after surgery (P<0.01). The mean incision length was 5.1  0.1 mm with needle endoscope and 11.0  0.8 mm with traditional thoracoscope (P<0.01). The mean postoperative @entity158 score was 1.1  0.8 in group A and 3.2  0.8 in group B (P<0.01). The mean cost of @entity590 was considerably lower in nonintubated @entity1 than in intubated @entity1 (P<0.01). Follow-up was 100% completed. The mean cosmetic scores were higher in group A than in group B (P<0.01). @entity158 occurred in 2 @entity1 in group A and in 18 @entity1 in group B (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nonintubated needlescopic thoracic sympathectomy is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive therapeutic procedure, which has the advantages of a smaller incision with @entity158 , shorter resuscitation time, and better cosmetic results.

title: Nonintubated Needlescopic Thoracic Sympathectomy for XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['palmar hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain', 'Residual pain']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 management in older adults is challenging. Poor glycemic control and high risk of @entity4053 are common in older @entity1 on a complicated insulin regimen. Newer oral hypoglycemic agents have provided an opportunity to simplify regimens in @entity1 with type-2 @entity6 on insulin. Serum @entity2690 is a test to assess endogenous production of insulin. We analyze the use of serum @entity2690 level in simplifying @entity6 regimen by decreasing or stopping insulin injection and adding oral hypoglycemic agents in older adults. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 aged over 65 years with either poor glycemic control or difficulty coping with insulin regimen seen at a geriatric @entity6 clinic were analyzed for this study. The data on serum @entity2690 levels and A1c, along with demographic information, were obtained from medical charts. RESULTS: Sixty-five of 100 @entity1 (aged 79+/-14 years, duration of @entity6 21+/-13 years) had detectable serum @entity2690 levels. Forty-six of 65 @entity1 were available for simplification of regimen. Eleven of 46 @entity1 had other co-morbidities preventing use of oral hypoglycemic agents. In 35/65 @entity1 , simplification was completed successfully. Nineteen of 35 @entity1 were converted to all-oral regimens (off insulin), while 16/35 had simplification of regimen by addition of oral hypoglycemic agents and lowering the number of insulin injections from an average of 2.7 to 1.5 injections/day (P=.001). Glycemic control improved significantly in @entity1 with a simplified regimen (8.0%+/-1.5% vs 7.4%+/-1.5%; P<.002), and @entity1 reported fewer @entity4053 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity2690 level can be used to simplify insulin regimen in older adults with @entity6 .

title: Use of serum XXXX level to simplify @entity6 treatment regimens in older adults.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['c-peptide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this multicenter randomized study was to investigate whether long-term physical training would influence left ventricular remodeling after @entity583 . BACKGROUND: Exercise is currently recommended for @entity1 after @entity583 ; however, the effects of long-term physical training on ventricular size and remodeling still have to be defined. METHODS: @entity1 with no contraindications to exercise were studied 4 to 8 weeks after anterior Q wave @entity583 and 6 months later by echocardiography at rest and bicycle ergometric testing. After the initial study, @entity1 were randomly allocated to a 6-month exercise training program (n = 49) or a control group (n = 46). A computerized system was used to derive echocardiographic variables of ventricular size, function and topography. RESULTS: After 6 months, a significant (p < 0.01) increase in work capacity (from 4,596 +/- 1,246 to 5,508 +/- 1,335 kp-m) was observed only in the training group, whereas global ventricular size, regional dilation and shape distortion did not change in either the control or the training group. However, compared with @entity1 with an ejection fraction > 40%, @entity1 with an ejection fraction < or = 40% had more significant (p < 0.001) ventricular enlargement at entry and demonstrated further (p < 0.01) global and regional dilation after 6 months, in both the control and the training group (end-diastolic volume from 77 +/- 14 to 85 +/- 17 ml/m2 in the control group and from 74 +/- 11 to 77 +/- 15 ml/m2 in the training group; regional dilation from 46 +/- 18% to 57 +/- 21% in the control group and from 42 +/- 18% to 44 +/- 26% in the training group). Ventricular size and topography did not change in @entity1 with an ejection fraction > 40%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with poor left ventricular function 1 to 2 months after @entity583 are prone to further global and regional dilation. Exercise training does not appear to influence this spontaneous deterioration. Thus, postinfarction @entity1 without clinical complications, even those with a large anterior @entity1188 , may benefit from long-term physical training without any additional negative effect on ventricular size and topography.

title: Long-term physical training and left ventricular remodeling after @entity583 : results of the Exercise in XXXX (EAMI) trial. EAMI Study Group.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Anterior Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: The testicular feminized (Tfm) @entity19 lacks functional @entity342 receptors and develops with a female external phenotype and internal testes. The testes of these animals contain normal, or close to normal, numbers of Leydig cells but secrete very low amounts of @entity342 due to a lack of 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity. To determine whether this loss of activity is due to a lack of enzyme synthesis or a change in catalytic activity we have examined 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 (P-450(17 alpha)) protein and mRNA levels in the testes of Tfm @entity19 . Levels of P-450(17 alpha) protein were measured by immunoblotting, while mRNA was measured following @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) and amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conditions for @entity16757 -PCR were determined which allowed semiquantification of P-450(17 alpha) mRNA relative to @entity12835 mRNA. In extracts of Tfm testes P-450(17 alpha) protein was undetectable using antiserum against porcine P-450(17 alpha). In contrast, a protein of around 54 kDa was clearly detectable in extracts of control cryptorchid testes. Using @entity16757 -PCR, P-450(17 alpha) mRNA was detectable in both control and Tfm testes but, expressed in terms of @entity12835 mRNA, levels of P-450(17 alpha) mRNA in control testes were 40-fold higher than those in Tfm testes. If the total amount of RNA extracted from each testis is taken into account then P-450(17 alpha) mRNA levels per testis were up to 400-fold higher in control testes. These results show that the reduced level of 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity in Tfm testes is related to reduced protein synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cytochrome P-450 17 alpha-hydroxylase protein and mRNA in the testis of the testicular feminized (Tfm) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['reverse transcription', 'RT']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: We used functional MR imaging to compare hemispheric language dominance in healthy volunteers and in @entity1 with @entity302 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the functional MR images of 23 healthy volunteers and 16 @entity1 with @entity302 obtained by using an echo-planar technique designed for whole-brain imaging. The activation paradigm used was a silent word generation task. Hemispheric language dominance was assessed as the percentage of activated pixels in the left hemisphere minus the percentage of activated pixels in the right hemisphere x 100. RESULTS: We found no significant difference in language lateralization between right-handed male and right-handed female volunteers. However, a statistically significant difference in language distribution was found between left- and right-handed female volunteers. The left-handed female volunteers showed a more bilateral hemispheric language lateralization. Language lateralization in right-handed @entity3930 @entity1 with early age at @entity410 onset and @entity410 locus in the left temporal lobe was not significantly different from that of healthy right-handed male volunteers. Similarly, we found no difference in language lateralization between right-handed female volunteers and right-handed female @entity302 @entity1 with late age at @entity410 onset and @entity410 in the left temporal lobe. CONCLUSION: Handedness has a significant influence on hemispheric language dominance in healthy volunteers. Sex has no influence on hemispheric language dominance, regardless of the task used to assess such dominance, nor does age at @entity410 onset influence language lateralization in @entity1 with left @entity1315 . Therefore, hemispheric language dominance can be assessed and compared effectively with functional MR imaging.

title: Hemispheric language dominance studied with functional MR: preliminary study in healthy volunteers and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['male epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 1986, a multi-institutional phase II trial was begun to study the use of chemotherapy with concomitant radiation in @entity1 with @entity5 . End points were overall survival, progression-free survival, local/regional control, and @entity137 in the setting of organ preservation with concomitant treatment. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 with stage II or III disease received chemotherapy and radiation on a 2-week cycle. Chemotherapy consisted of continuous infusion @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) at 800 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days (days 1 to 5) and @entity1862 (HU) at 1 g orally every 12 hours for 13 doses starting the evening before the start of irradiation. Radiation therapy was given as single 1.8- to 2.0-Gy fractions for 5 consecutive days (days 1 to 5) with chemotherapy. Each 5 days of treatment was followed by a 9-day break (days 6 to 14), during which no additional treatment was given. Treatment cycles were repeated until the completion of the planned radiation dose (six to eight cycles). RESULTS: Between 1989 and 1996, 60 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 were eligible for analysis, with a median follow-up of 52 months for surviving @entity1 and 42 months for all @entity1 . Grade 3 to 4 @entity33 occurred in 57% of @entity1 . The 5 year-actuarial overall survival, progression-free survival, and local/regional control were 65%, 82%, and 86%, respectively. Eight @entity1 developed local and/or regional recurrence after treatment. Surgical salvage was possible in three of these @entity1 . Thus, the ultimate 5-year local/ regional control was 91%. CONCLUSION: Concomitant radiation and chemotherapy with @entity1487 and HU is an effective regimen in @entity1 with @entity5 . Progression-free survival and local/regional control appear to be superior to expected rates in @entity1 treated with surgery and radiation. Further testing of this regimen in a phase III setting is indicated.

title: Radiation therapy with concomitant XXXX and @entity1487 in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II and III head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) describe a heterogeneous group of @entity5 with a wide range of morphologic, functional, and behavioral characteristics. These @entity5 are often indolent but they have the potential to cause symptoms through release of hormones and through local or distant spread. @entity788 ( @entity788 ) represent a subset of @entity5 and they have a unique pattern of symptoms and disease progression. Due to the heterogeneity of this disease it is important to identify reliable markers to help guide prognosis and predict response to therapy. The recent approval of two new agents in the treatment of advanced @entity788 has raised additional interest in the significance of molecular markers in this disease. At the 2012 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, several investigators reported on collaborative efforts to develop clinically useful biomarkers for this disease. Choti et al. (Abstract #4126) reported data about the functional characteristics of @entity5 and pNETs among a multi-institutional cohort finding that a substantial minority of @entity1 have functional symptoms even when the disease is localized. Faggiano et al. (Abstract #1604) looked at a wide spectrum of @entity5 in several referral centers and reported on predictors of both short term and long term survival in this setting. Yao et al. (Abstract #4014) reported analysis of predictive biomarkers among @entity1 in the RADIANT-2 trial which looked at the role of the @entity3470 inhibitor, @entity2239 compared to placebo in NET. Fischer et al. (Abstract #4128) looked at a novel biomarker, @entity7309 ( @entity7309 ) and evaluated the role of serum and tissue levels of this protein as a predictive marker. Finally, Khan et al. (Abstract #4123) investigated the role of circulating @entity5 cells in NET (and @entity788 ) and found that this may have potential as a prognostic marker and an early marker of response to therapy. The authors review and summarize these abstracts in this article.

title: Update on prognostic and predictive biomarkers for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'pNET']

entities_list: @entity7309 :: ('5228', 'Gene') :: ['placental growth factor', 'PlGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Neuroendocrine tumors', 'NETs', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: The transfection of @entity19 @entity10591 @entity5 cells with the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of @entity683 virus results, after fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS), in the selection of high-HA-expressing cell lines called H4A and H4B. Both lines fail to grow in syngeneic animals at doses that result in 100% @entity5 take of non-transfected @entity5 cells. Both grow in immunosuppressed @entity19 . @entity10591 and H4A or H4B cells express few class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens but do express class II IAk antigens. H4A or H4B cells engender a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response but cannot protect against a challenge with @entity10591 cells. This CTL response is inhibited by anti- @entity1961 but not anti-CD8 antibodies. Using FACS, we were able to select a population (called H5AK5) with high class-I MHC antigen expression. Like H4A and H4B, H5AK5 cells fail to grow in syngeneic animals but do grow in immunosuppressed @entity19 . However, unlike H4A or H4B, H5AK5 can induce protection against a challenge with 1 x 10(5) @entity10591 cells. These studies indicate that the immunogenicity of HA-transfected @entity10591 cells may correlate with the cell-surface expression of class II MHC antigens. However, HA-expressing @entity10591 cells seem able to induce a protective response against a parent @entity10591 cell challenge only if they also express class I MHC antigens. This view is supported by the observations that @entity10591 cells expressing @entity19 @entity2047 do not express class I MHC antigens, fail to grow in syngeneic animals, do grow in immunosuppressed @entity19 but do not protect against a challenge with parental @entity10591 cells.

title: Immunogenicity of a non-class I MHC expressing @entity19 @entity5 transfected with the XXXX virus hemagglutinin or @entity19 @entity2047 genes.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Owing to the poor prognosis of @entity1 with @entity43 , new treatment strategies immediately need to be developed. Although several immunotherapeutic approaches have been examined for the treatment of @entity43 , their implementation in clinical practice remains low. We previously showed @entity632 -treated @entity19 @entity43 cells [ @entity19 ovarian surface epithelial cells (MOSECs)] are able to deliver drug to adjacent cells in vivo to eradicate @entity5 cells. In this study, we hypothesized that irradiated @entity5 cell treated with anticancer drugs may kill other @entity5 cell by cell to cell contact and also by generating antitumor immune responses. The MOSECs treated with anticancer drugs ( @entity632 and @entity900 ) died through apoptosis, and this was increased in accordance with the dose of drug. The cleaved @entity185 expression was significantly increased in the MOSECs coexposed with @entity632 and @entity900 . Anticancer drug-treated MOSECs generated MOSEC-specific @entity1961 T-cell immune responses. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells expressed upregulated @entity12782 mRNA but @entity777 and @entity1618 mRNA downregulated after coculture with MOSECs cotreated with @entity632 and @entity900 . Furthermore, the @entity19 vaccinated with MOSECs cotreated with @entity632 and @entity900 had enhanced antitumor immunity and prolonged survival. We also observed that @entity1961 T cells and natural killer cells are essential for the antitumor immunity generated by vaccination with anticancer drug-loaded MOSECs. These findings suggest that irradiated MOSECs treated with anticancer drugs could be a new immune-therapeutic strategy against advanced @entity43 .

title: XXXX cells containing nanoscale chemotherapeutic drugs generate antiovarian @entity5 -specific @entity1961 + T cells in peritoneal space.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'advanced stage ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: FISH is one of the most sensitive molecular methods to detect @entity74 with DNA probes. When cytogenetic studies are normal or insufficient, FISH may detect cryptic rearrangements, rare or slowly proliferative abnormal populations in non-mitotic cells. We cytogenetically evaluated 70 childhood @entity981 - 67.1% were found to have an abnormal karyotype. The 23 @entity1 (32.9%) with a normal karyotype were analyzed by FISH applying two probes; @entity9604 / @entity5316 and @entity13327 which detect cryptic rearrangements of t(12;21)(p13;q22) and deletion of (6q) respectively, associated with a good prognosis. Out of 23 @entity1 , one was positive for t(12;21)(p13;q22) (4.3%). None of our @entity1 were positive for @entity13327 del(6q). Two @entity1 showed an extra signal for @entity13327 on chromosomes other than 6 (8.6 %) indicating amplification or duplication. Findings were compared with the available literature. Our study clearly indicated the integrated FISH screening method to increase the abnormality detection rate in a narrow range. FISH is less useful for diagnostic study of @entity1 with suspected del(6q) but it helps in detecting known cryptic rearrangements as well as identification of new abnormalities(translocation , duplication and amplification) at the gene level.

title: Combined study of cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in childhood XXXX ( @entity981 ) in a tertiary cancer centre in South India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The fine balance of immunoglobulins (Ig) E, IgG1, IgG4 and IgA in healthy production is maintained by the interaction of B cells with adaptive and innate immune response. The regulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs)-driven innate and adaptive immune effector B-cell response and the role of @entity1 telomeric TTAGGG repeat elements represent an important research area. METHODS: @entity1 PBMC and purified naive and memory B cells were stimulated with specific ligands for @entity2938 , @entity6800 , @entity2939 , @entity20040 , @entity6438 , @entity22879 and @entity6801 in the presence or absence of telomeric oligonucleotides. B-cell proliferation, differentiation and antibody production were determined. RESULTS: @entity6801 ligand directly activates naive and memory B cells, whereas @entity6438 can stimulate them in the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. @entity1 B cells proliferate and turn into antibody-secreting cells in response to @entity6800 , @entity6438 and @entity6801 , but not to @entity2938 , @entity2939 , @entity20040 and @entity22879 ligands. Stimulation of B cells with intracellular @entity6800 , @entity6438 and @entity6801 induced an activation cascade leading to memory B-cell generation and particularly IgG1, but also IgA, IgG4 and very low levels of IgE production. @entity1 telomeric oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) significantly inhibited all features of TLR ligand-induced events in B cells including B-cell proliferation, IgE, IgG1, IgG4, IgA production, class switch recombination, plasma cell differentiation induced by @entity6800 , @entity6438 and @entity6801 ligands. CONCLUSION: B cells require specific TLR stimulation, T-cell and plasmacytoid dendritic cell help for distinct activation and Ig production profiles. Host-derived telomeric ODN suppress B-cell activation and antibody production demonstrating a natural mechanism for the control of overexuberant B-cell activation, antibody production and generation of memory.

title: Suppression of B-cell activation and IgE, IgA, IgG1 and IgG4 production by XXXX telomeric oligonucleotides.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Human', 'Mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanism explaining the increased disease susceptibility in aging is not well understood. CD8+ T cells are crucial in anti-viral and anti- @entity5 responses. Although the chemokine system plays a critical role in CD8+ T cell function, very little is known about the relationship between aging and the T cell chemokine system. RESULTS: In this study we have examined the effect of aging on @entity19 CD8+ T cell chemokine receptor gene expression. Freshly isolated splenic CD8+ T cells from old C57BL/6 @entity19 were found to have higher @entity25880 , @entity13766 , @entity23924 , @entity13945 and @entity51934 , and lower @entity13386 gene expression compared to their younger cohort. Anti- @entity5168 /anti- @entity10867 stimulation elicited a similar robust chemokine receptor response from young and old CD8+ T cells. Western blot analyses confirmed elevated protein level of @entity23924 and @entity13945 in aged CD8+ T cells. Increases in T cell @entity25880 and @entity13945 expression also correlate to increased in vitro chemotaxis response to @entity12427 ( @entity12427 ). Finally, caloric restriction selectively prevents the loss of CD8+ T cell @entity13386 gene expression in aging to the level that is seen in young CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the notion that aging exists in a state of low grade pro-inflammatory environment. In addition, our results provide a potential mechanism for the reported aging-associated impaired T cell lymphoid homing and allograft response, and reduced survival in sepsis.

title: The effect of aging and caloric restriction on XXXX CD8+ T cell chemokine receptor gene expression.

entities_list: @entity12427 :: ('20302(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MIP-1alpha', 'macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 alpha']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical outcomes following the use of @entity10925 and suction curettage prior to @entity1478 to treat @entity931 . METHODS: Qualified @entity1 (n = 105) were randomized to receive either goserelin 3.6 mg one month before or suction curettage immediately before undergoing thermal balloon endometrial ablation. All @entity1 had negative Papanicolaou smears, normal endometrial histology, and normal findings on transvaginal sonography. Uterine @entity548 was documented by menstrual diary scores at baseline (Higham score > 150), and at three, six, and 12 months after the procedure. Five @entity1 withdrew prior to surgery and 50 @entity1 were anaesthetized in each group. Two @entity1 in the suction curettage group had their management converted to hysteroscopic ablation, one because of a large uterine cavity (> 12 mL) and one because of a @entity1868 . The ThermaChoice II system circulated the liquid within the @entity1346 balloon for eight minutes at approximately 180 mmHg pressure and 87  C. RESULTS: @entity1 ' mean age, weight, and duration of @entity931 were not significantly different between the groups. No safety issues related to the device were noted. At one year after ablation, the median reduction in Higham score was from 286 to 10 (96.5%) in the goserelin group (n = 47), and from 272 to 14 (94.9%) in the curettage group (n = 45). The combined @entity2588 / @entity1866 rates (higham score 0 to 35), eumenorrhea rate (higham score 36 to 75) and @entity931 rate (higham score > 75) were 85%, 9%, and 6% (goserelin), and 76%, 16%, 9% (curettage), respectively. @entity1 ' reported self-assessment of @entity1834 was none (51%), mild (30%), moderate (10%), and severe (9%) in both groups. @entity1 satisfaction was 89% in the goserelin group and 95% in the curettage group. In the goserelin group, one @entity1 had a hysterectomy for @entity548 and two had repeat resectoscopic endometrial ablations, one for @entity158 ( @entity15111 ) and one for @entity158 and @entity548 . In the curettage group, one @entity1 had repeat resectoscopic ablation, one @entity1 withdrew, and one requested hormone therapy. The overall success rates were 88% in the goserelin group and 89% in the curettage group. CONCLUSION: At one year after ThermaChoice II treatment, 88.5% of @entity1 had normal menstrual @entity548 or less. There was a non-significant trend (a lower Higham score) towards superiority of goserelin therapy before ablation compared with curettage.

title: Randomized comparison of goserelin versus suction curettage prior to XXXX : one-year results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity10925 :: ('MESH:D017273', 'Chemical') :: ['goserelin']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['hypomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['ThermaChoice II balloon endometrial ablation']

entities_list: @entity15111 :: ('MESH:D006409', 'Disease') :: ['hematometra']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['submucous myoma']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['Thermachoice II balloon endometrial ablation']


abstract: 357 cases of acute @entity99 occurring in 1974 in two distinct areas of Eastern Switzerland have been analyzed. The incidence of @entity99 was 54,8 per 100 000 per year in an urban region (Winterthur, pop approx. 95 000) and 33,7 per 100 000 per year in a rural area (St. Galler-Oberland, pop 47 000). These figures are three to four times higher than those reported by the public health authorities. More than 50% of the @entity99 @entity1 were 16-30 years old and only 3% were @entity1 below 15 years of age. Males were slightly in excess. HBSAg (Hepatis Bsurface-Antigen) was detectable by radioimmunoassay in 49% and anti-HBS alone in 8% of all @entity1 . According to a careful anamnestic survey the mode of transmission was thought to be parenteral in 137 (39%) of the @entity1 (68% of these being HBSAg positive), enteral in 131 (38%) (38% of these being HBSAg positive), while no anamnestic clue was found in the remaining @entity1 (23% with 39% HBSAg positives). In 12% of the @entity99 cases, contact with other diseased individuals at the relevant time was recorded; however, no clusters of more than 2 @entity1 occurred within the study area. The results are discussed in regard to other studies concerning @entity99 epidemiology in Switzerland. In an additional survey the medical staff of several laboratories have been repeatedly tested for HBSAg and anti-HBS at intervals of one to three months. Transitory antigenemia (up to 55% positive in one laboratory with only one @entity99 case), and transitory high incidences of anti HBS (up to 40% in one laboratory) suggest epidemic spread of @entity1956 . From all available data it is estimated that the ratio of @entity1956 to overt disease varies between 1:1 and 23:1 depending on the epidemiological situation.

title: [ XXXX epidemiology 1974. With special reference to the canton Zurich and the Upper Country of St. Galler].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stings from @entity5157 and wasps can cause systemic reactions which can be fatal in some individuals. In these venom-sensitive @entity1 , specific IgE to the venom is produced and is considered to participate in the adverse reactions. This immune response requires antigen presentation by human leucocyte antigens (HLA) class II molecules, which includes DR and DP, which are present on antigen presenting cells. OBJECTIVE: To test for associations between HLA class II @entity1533 and @entity3099 alleles and life-threatening sensitivity to both @entity5157 and wasp venoms. To establish further whether any associations are independent of the @entity402 phenotype. METHODS: A total of 33 @entity5157 - and 44 wasp-venom-sensitive @entity1 was studied. @entity1533 genotypes were determined by single stranded oligonucleotide (SSO) probing of PCR products, and @entity3099 genotypes by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Total and specific IgE were measured using the Pharmacia Immunocap, FEIA. @entity1 with specific IgE to the venom antigens only were termed monosensitive and those with additional specific IgE to HDM and/or GP were termed polysensitive. RESULTS: Allele frequencies were compared to an unrelated control population. The 33 @entity5157 -sensitive @entity1 had a greater prevalence of @entity1533 *07 alleles than the control subjects, 26% vs 14%, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2-3.7, P = 0.015, corrected for multiple comparisons, Pc = ns). This association was confined to the 15 monosensitive @entity5157 @entity1 , who had a 43% @entity1533 *07 allele frequency when compared with 11% in the 18 polysensitive @entity5157 @entity1 , OR 6.1 (95% CI, 1.73-22, P = 0.004, Pc = 0.05), and when compared with a control group of non-venom subjects, 43% vs 16%, OR 3.9 (95% CI, 1.72-9.0, P = 0.002, Pc = 0.02). The 44 wasp-sensitive @entity1 had an increase in the @entity1533 *11 allele when compared with the control subjects, 13% vs 6%, with an OR 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0-4.6, P = 0.04, Pc = NS), and a decreased prevalence of @entity1533 *04 alleles, 10% vs 19%, with an OR 0.33 (95% CI, 0.24-0.99, P = 0.04, Pc = NS), but these were not significant when multiple comparisons were taken into account. The @entity3099 alleles were not significantly different between the venom sensitive @entity1 and the controls. CONCLUSION: @entity1 monosensitive to @entity5157 venom had a significantly greater prevalence of @entity1533 *07 alleles than the non-venom, control population suggesting that IgE responses in these @entity1 may, in part be controlled by immune response HLA class II genes. These results are also suggestive of wasp-sensitive @entity1 having a higher prevalence of @entity1533 *11 and a lower prevalence of @entity1533 *04 than the control population.

title: Sensitivity to @entity5157 and wasp venoms: association with specific IgE responses to the @entity5157 and wasp venom and HLA @entity1533 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity3099 :: (3115,Gene) :: ['DPB1']


abstract: For the purpose of early detection, we have conducted population-based mass screening for @entity2 by sputum cytology since 1982. Although @entity2 in its early stage is important for a good prognosis, it is often difficult to localize lesions in @entity5 . To clarify the role of autofluorescence bronchoscopy in localizing @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity5 , we analyzed our diagnostic results. Fifty @entity1 who had been detected by sputum cytology were screened by the light-induced fluorescence endoscope (LIFE)-Lung System from November 1997 to April 1999. We compared the results according to the screening methods: conventional bronchoscopy alone versus LIFE with conventional white-light bronchoscopy (November 1997 to April 1999). Twenty-eight @entity5 and 39 borderline lesions were detected by LIFE. Of the 39 borderline lesions, nine were detected only by LIFE. Multicentric lesions including @entity5 or @entity1141 were also detected in 21 of the 50 @entity1 by LIFE. The sensitivity by white-light bronchoscopy alone was 85.3%, whereas that of the LIFE-Lung System with white-light bronchoscopy was 94.1% (P=0.078). There were no @entity5 in the area observed as normal by LIFE. We also compared the diagnostic results of two localization methods: brushing of all bronchi (September 1986 to December 1990) and the LIFE-Lung System (November 1997 to April 1999). Although this was a historical comparison, the number of detected borderline lesions increased, which led to a high detection rate in @entity1 with suspected-positive sputum (P=0.0006) by the LIFE-Lung System. In conclusion, the LIFE-Lung System is a safe and non-invasive system for detecting small intraepithelial lesions of the tracheobronchial tree. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy is more efficacious for localizing intraepithelial lesions and places fewer burdens on the @entity1 than brushing of all bronchi.

title: Diagnostic results before and after introduction of autofluorescence bronchoscopy in @entity1 suspected of having XXXX detected by sputum cytology in @entity2 mass screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'cancer', 'roentgenographically occult cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'detection of lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity2880 ( @entity1157 ) is a @entity245 , manifested by multiple bile ducts. The @entity409 is a rare @entity154 which may remain undiscovered until adult life, occurring more frequently in @entity1 . It is mostly asymptomatic, but sometimes surgical intervention is necessary. In the majority of cases, it is combined with cysts in the kidney and, rarely, in other organs as well. The cysts may vary in diameter from 1 mm to 20 cm, or even more. CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old @entity1 underwent surgery based on clinical diagnosis: suspected @entity96 . Liver biopsy was performed, and a parenchymal tissue of 6.5x4x3 cm, with a cyst with a diameter of 2.5 cm, was resected. Within the cyst lumen there was a @entity39 , mushy, yellow contents. Microscopically examined, it showed plenty of @entity165 crystals. The wall of the cyst consisted of hypocellular connective tissue. In the surrounding @entity409 , there were cystical formations of the same structure, measuring 1-2 mm. Also, there were some multiple @entity1157 . The ducts were encircled by a delicate connective tissue. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These changes correspond to @entity2880 , i.e. biliary microhamartoma combined with adult polycystic disease. In our case, in the wall of the cyst there were numerous @entity165 crystals, pointing to its retention character and, probably, to the mechanism of its origin. After degeneration of biliary epithelium, the cyst wall grew very thick, due to proliferation of the connective tissue evoked by the aggressive chemical contents of the bile. Frequent development of @entity201 within the cyst wall also points to long-term chemical irritation.

title: [Von Meyenburg complex associated with adult XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Echinococcus liver cyst']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct hamartomas', 'bile duct hamartoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma', 'polycystic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['rare developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Meyenburg complex']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['polycystic liver disease']


abstract: Female Swiss albino @entity19 were placed on seven dietary regimens for five weeks. These regimens differed only in @entity1760 and/or @entity921 contents. At the end of the feeding period, the animals were inoculated with @entity8270 . Ten days after transplantation, @entity8270 ( @entity8270 ) cells were harvested, and all animals were killed. @entity8270 cells and plasma samples were subjected to several biochemical tests. The results suggest several conclusions. 1. Dietary supplements of @entity1760 and/or @entity921 have no effect on retarding @entity5 growth in vivo. 2. Dietary restriction of @entity921 and combined @entity1760 and @entity921 gave promising effects on retarding @entity5 growth in vivo. 3. Dietary @entity1760 deficiency, per se, had no significant effect on @entity5 regression in vivo. 4. In contrast to in vitro studies, @entity921 supplementation appeared to exert no effect on @entity5 progression in vivo. 5. @entity1760 supplementation seemed to have no effect on @entity5 progression in vivo, which is in agreement with in vitro studies.

title: Role of dietary @entity1760 and/or @entity921 variables on @entity8270 -bearing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['Ehrlich ascites carcinoma', 'EAC', 'Ehrlich ascites tumor']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the role of second-look laparoscopy in @entity1 with @entity5327 ( @entity5327 ). METHODS: Between January 2000 and November 2005, 71 @entity1 were operated for the treatment of @entity5327 . The indications for a second-look were low flow state, bowel resection and @entity254 or mesenteric thromboembolectomy performed during the first operation. Regardless of the clinical course of @entity1 , the second-look laparoscopic examination was performed 72 h post-operatively at the bed side in the ICU or operating room. RESULTS: The average time of admission to the hospital after the initiation of symptoms was 3 d (range, 5 h-9 d). In 14 @entity1 , laparotomy was performed. In 11 @entity1 , small and/or large bowel @entity39 was detected and initial resection and @entity254 were conducted. A low flow state was observed in two @entity1 and superior @entity5327 with small bowel resection was performed in one @entity1 . In 13 @entity1 , a second-look laparoscopic examination revealed normal bowel viability, but in one @entity1 , @entity39 was detected. In two of the @entity1 , a third operation was necessary to correct anastomotic leakage. The overall complication rate was 42.8%, and in-hospital mortality rate was 57.1% (n = 6). CONCLUSION: Second-look laparoscopy is a minimally invasive, technically simple procedure that is performed for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. The simplicity and ease of this method may encourage wider application to benefit more @entity1 . However, the timing of a second-look procedure is unclear particularly in a @entity1 with @entity254 .

title: Planned second-look laparoscopy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric artery thromboembolectomy', 'acute mesenteric ischemia', 'AMI']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'intestinal necrosis']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['acute mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity5 of the @entity2167 ( @entity2167 ) is a @entity395 with poor prognosis. Because of the rarity of this entity, there is no large series for staging, treatments, and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment modalities and outcomes for @entity5 of @entity2167 at our institute, comparing with other studies. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the @entity1 treated for primary @entity5 of @entity2167 between 1991 and 2002 at our hospital, which is a tertiary referral center. Ten males and 2 females were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up period was 56.5 months. The interventions included sleeve resection, radical mastoidectomy, or lateral temporal bone resection combined with neck dissection or parotidectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was performed in case of incomplete resection. All @entity1 were staged according to the Pittsburgh staging system. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 had @entity957 and 2 had @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ). Five @entity1 had stage I disease, 2 with stage II, 1 with stage III, and 4 with stage IV. All @entity1 (n = 7) with early stage (I or II) were disease-free, but only 1 of 5 @entity1 with late stage (III or IV) was disease-free. The recurrences occurred in 50% (2/4) of @entity1 with incomplete resection, despite of the adjuvant radiotherapy. Only one @entity1 with complete resection had recurrence and the histologic diagnosis of this particular @entity1 was @entity2347 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with early-stage @entity5 can benefit from less aggressive surgical interventions without significant morbidity or mortality. No recurrence occurred in @entity1 with complete resection except the one with @entity2347 . The result of our institute was comparable or superior to those of other studies in early-stage disease. However, @entity1 with advanced @entity5 had high recurrence rate despite of adjuvant radiotherapy, suggesting more aggressive surgical approach for complete resection was necessary.

title: Treatments and outcomes of XXXX of @entity2167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['EAC', 'external auditory canal']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether length of delay before treatment; specialty and grade of the surgeon; and use made of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy influenced the survival of @entity1 with @entity150 , after adjusting for case severity. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: South East and South West Thames health regions. @entity1 : 609 @entity1 aged under 75 resident in the South Thames regions who had been registered as new cases of @entity150 in 1982, 35 of whom were excluded, leaving 574 eligible @entity1 . Analysis was based on 75% retrieval rate for case notes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Duration of survival from date of diagnosis of the @entity150 . RESULTS: 10 prognostic variables were used to adjust for case severity. The median delay from referral to first treatment was 48 (interquartile range 27-84) days. Treatment after a short delay was associated with shorter survival because of the early treatment of more severe cases. Consultants treated 68% of @entity1 , trainee surgeons treated less severe cases. Initial treatment was by a urologist in 67% of cases, but the specialty of the surgeon was not associated with prognosis. The associations of radiotherapy, cystectomy, and systemic chemotherapy with survival were interpreted in terms of selection bias as well as therapeutic effect. CONCLUSION: Case severity was the most important influence on survival and influenced length of delay before treatment, grade and specialty of the surgeon, and main treatment allocation. After adjusting for case severity variations in these processes of care were not strongly associated with variations in survival.

title: Survival with XXXX , evaluation of delay in treatment, type of surgeon, and modality of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the bladder', 'bladder cancer', 'bladder tumour']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mounting clinical and experimental data suggest that the migration of @entity5 cells into lymph nodes is greatly facilitated by lymphangiogenesis. @entity7 ( @entity7 )-C and D have been identified as lymphangiogenic growth factors and play an important role in @entity5 lymphangiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the location of lymphangiogenesis driven by @entity5 -derived @entity9961 /D in @entity0 , and to determine the role of intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in lymphangiogenesis in @entity0 . METHODS: The expression levels of @entity9961 /D were determined by immunohistochemistry, and intratumoral LVD and peritumoral LVD were assessed using immunohistochemistry and the D2-40 antibody in 73 @entity1 with primary @entity0 . The associations of intratumoral LVD and peritumoral LVD with @entity9961 /D expression, clinicopathological features and prognosis were assessed. RESULTS: @entity9961 and D expression were significantly higher in @entity0 than benign disease (P < 0.01). @entity9961 (P < 0.001) and @entity9205 (P = 0.005) expression were significantly associated with peritumoral LVD, but not intratumoral LVD. Intratumoral LVD was associated with @entity5 size (P = 0.01). Peritumoral LVD was significantly associated with @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ; P   =   0.005), lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI; P = 0.017) and late @entity5 ,node, @entity3 (TNM) stage (P = 0.011). Moreover, peritumoral LVD was an independent risk factor for axillary @entity1600 , overall survival and disease-free survival in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity5 -derived @entity9961 /D induce peritumoral lymphangiogenesis, which may be one mechanism that leads to lymphatic invasion and metastatic spread. Peritumoral LVD has potential as an independent prognostic factor in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Peritumoral lymphangiogenesis induced by @entity9961 and D promotes @entity1600 in @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis', 'LNM']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Prenatal exposure to high levels of @entity167 is strongly associated with poor cognitive outcomes particularly in relation to learning and memory. It is also becoming more evident that @entity148 and @entity148 -like behaviour can be associated with prenatal @entity167 exposure. This study used a @entity35 model to determine if prenatal exposure to a relatively small amount of @entity167 would result in @entity148 -like behaviour and to determine if this was associated with morphological changes in the basolateral amygdala. Pregnant @entity35 were fed a liquid diet containing either no @entity167 (Control) or 6% (vol/vol) @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) throughout gestation. Male and Female offspring underwent behavioural testing at 8 months (Adult) or 15 months (Aged) of age. @entity35 were perfusion fixed and brains were collected at the end of behavioural testing for morphological analysis of pyramidal neuron number and @entity296 . @entity167 exposed offspring displayed @entity148 -like behaviour in the elevated plus maze, holeboard and emergence tests. Although sexually dimorphic behaviour was apparent, sex did not impact @entity148 -like behaviour induced by prenatal @entity167 exposure. This increase in @entity148 - like behaviour could not be attributed to a change in pyramidal cell number within the BLA but rather was associated with an increase in dendritic spines along the apical dendrite which is indicative of an increase in synaptic connectivity and activity within these neurons. This study is the first to link increases in @entity148 like behaviour to structural changes within the basolateral amygdala in a model of prenatal @entity1068 exposure. In addition, this study has shown that exposure to even a relatively small amount of @entity167 during development leads to long term alterations in @entity148 -like behaviour.

title: Low dose prenatal @entity1068 exposure induces XXXX -like behaviour and alters dendritic morphology in the basolateral amygdala of @entity35 offspring.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic morphology within the basolateral amygdala']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'EtOH']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'Rats']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8124 is currently approved for treatment of @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 ( @entity195 ). However, since cholinergic activity declines as @entity195 progresses, increasing @entity934 levels would be expected to provide benefits in severe @entity195 . The primary objective of this article is to review the recent data demonstrating that @entity1 with advanced @entity195 can benefit from treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor @entity8124 . DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE (PubMed) literature search was performed using the key words " @entity8124 " and "advanced @entity195 ." STUDY SELECTION: The search yielded 13 articles, which were then further screened for the criterion: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two studies were found that met these specific study criteria. In the first study, @entity8124 -treated @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity195 showed significant improvements in cognition and behavior, with preservation of activities of daily living compared with placebo-treated @entity1 . Similar improvements in @entity8124 -treated @entity1 were seen in the second study involving 27 nursing homes. In this study of older @entity1 , @entity8124 treatment significantly improved cognition, function, and agitated and @entity146 . Safety and tolerability findings of these two studies are further assessed. Considerations for drug therapy as well as a case study are presented to illustrate the benefits of @entity8124 treatment in @entity1 with advanced @entity195 . CONCLUSION: . The decision to continue treating severe @entity195 @entity1 with @entity8124 is an opportunity for consultant pharmacists to decrease the burden of caregivers and to maximize a @entity1 's quality of life for as long as possible.

title: @entity8124 in more advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil', 'Donepezil']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent studies indicate that after transplantation, circulating bone marrow-derived stem cells migrate into the liver and contribute to liver regeneration. Whether such cells are actively recruited from the bone marrow for @entity409 remains to be determined. In this regard, we investigated whether liver resection leads to a release of stem cell marker-positive (+) cells into the peripheral circulation. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples from 11 living liver donors were analyzed by flow cytometry one day before and 12h after partial hepatectomy (PH) using antibodies against @entity5439 , @entity2280 , @entity1195 , @entity5750 , @entity2467 , @entity28671 . Immunomagnetic separation was performed to select @entity5439 + cells for functional assays in vitro. RESULTS: A significant increase in the percentage of @entity5439 + cells could be demonstrated in all donors studied. Unexpectedly, virtually all @entity5439 + cells coexpressed @entity1195 and @entity5750 , whereas only a small subset expressed @entity2280 . No significant staining was observed for @entity2467 and @entity28671 . In culture, immunoselected @entity5439 + cells displayed characteristics of myelomonocytic precursors. In addition, enriched @entity5439 + generated an adherent cell population that expressed @entity10585 , @entity160 , and @entity1 albumin. CONCLUSIONS: PH induces mobilization of a distinct population of myelomonocytic progenitor cells, which have hepatic differentiation potential in vitro, and might play a role in liver regeneration after PH in @entity1 .

title: Partial hepatectomy induces mobilization of a unique population of haematopoietic progenitor cells in XXXX healthy liver donors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver repair']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This project addresses the validation study design of a test system using a telemetered non- @entity1 primate model for cardiovascular safety pharmacology evaluation. METHODS: In addition to non-pharmacological validation including installation and operation qualifications, performance qualification (locomotor activity and cardiovascular evaluations) was completed on free-moving @entity5434 by quantifying the degree of cardiovascular response measured by the telemetric device to various positive control drugs following their intravenous administration. @entity1937 (0.0005, 0.001, 0.002, 0.004, 0.008 and 0.016 mg/kg) was given to induce @entity1168 and @entity551 . @entity8998 (0.04 mg/kg) was used to induce an initial phase of @entity101 followed by @entity551 and @entity1168 . @entity7368 (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) was used to induce @entity1168 . @entity935 (0.002, 0.008, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg/min) was infused over 30 min to induce an @entity101 and @entity591 . @entity2643 (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg/kg/min) was infused over 10 min to induce @entity1162 . @entity4337 (0.08 mEq/kg/min) was infused for periods of less than 30 min to induce electrocardiographic (EKG) changes characteristic of @entity4144 . Reliability was evaluated over 60 days. RESULTS: Monitoring with a reference methodology and the telemetry system was important in order to evaluate precision and accuracy of the test system. Positive control drugs produced a wide range of cardiovascular effects with different amplitudes, which were useful in identification of the limits of the test system. DISCUSSION: Reference monitoring methods and selection of a battery of positive control drugs are important to ensure proper test system validation. Drugs inducing not only QT prolongation but also positive and negative chronotropic effects, positive and negative systemic arterial pressure changes and ECG morphology alterations were useful to identify test system limitations during performance qualification. ECG data processing at significantly elevated heart rates revealed that a trained observer should review all cardiac cycles evaluated by computer.

title: A cardiovascular monitoring system used in conscious XXXX for regulatory safety pharmacology. Part 2: Pharmacological validation.

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increase in arterial and pulse pressures']

entities_list: @entity8998 :: ('MESH:D020926', 'Chemical') :: ['Medetomidine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['Remifentanil']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: Since 1981, 77 of 116 @entity1 undergoing heart transplantation (HTx) have survived from 6 months to 8 years. Graft control involved a total of 871 endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) and 141 angiographies. Sixteen @entity1 developed @entity453 ( @entity453 ) manifesting itself 7-60 months after HTx (20.7%). These @entity1 (15 male, 1 female) experienced multiple rejection episodes (RE) and more than half suffered from hypercholesterolaemia and @entity101 (n = 10). A mean rejection score (Billingham grading) of greater than 1 (mean = 1.6 +/- 1.1) was calculated in all @entity1 with @entity453 at the time of angiography or autopsy. By contrast, the mean rejection score ranked less than 1 in @entity1 with undetectable or resolved @entity453 (means = 0.4 +/- 0.38). This rate is not remarkably different from the rejection score in @entity1 (n = 61) without @entity453 (mean = 0.2 +/- 0.4). The 8 @entity1 alive (56 +/- 18 months) showed a low number of RE/year (mean = 1.1 +/- 0.4) compared with means = 1 +/- 0.9 in @entity1 without @entity453 . Eight @entity1 expired within a short period (mean = 31 +/- 26.9) and had a significantly higher number of RE/year (mean = 4.3 +/- 2.9; P less than 0.01 vs. no @entity453 , @entity453 alive). Autopsy (n = 6) and angiographic studies (n = 46) demonstrated diffuse, concentric, obliterative @entity455 in all vessels (type A) in 6 @entity1 (RE/yr: mean = +/- 5.5 +/- 2.3), single stenoses in major coronary vessels (type B) in 7 @entity1 and ordinary atherosclerosis (3-vessel disease) comparable to @entity299 (type C) in 3 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The influence of rejection episodes on the development of XXXX after heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) constitute an effective and well tolerated class of drugs for the treatment of arterial @entity101 . Yet they have been blamed for the occurrence of side-effects the most frequently reported of which are renal function impairment, @entity551 and cough. For this reason, the renal function of @entity101 @entity1 has been evaluated after short - and long - term treatment with @entity4687 . In @entity1 with normal renal function on short-term treatment (1 and 5 days) @entity4687 produced an increase of renal plasma flow without change in glomerular filtration. In long-term treatment (up to 18 months), no significant change in plasma @entity1011 level was observed. In old age @entity101 @entity1 or in @entity1 with @entity177 glomerular filtration was also preserved, apart from rare cases of @entity1011 clearance reduction, notably after addition of @entity918 . A very slight and clinically not significant rise of kaliemia was noted when @entity4687 was used as single-drug treatment. Cases of symptomatic @entity551 were rare (0.2 p. 100), even in situations of water and salt depletion. Among the other side-effects of ACEI, cough, which has more recently been described, has carefully been looked for. Its incidence has been determined in a double-blind trial comparing @entity4687 (1.2 p. 100) with @entity3371 (2.4 p. 100). It has also been evaluated in a long-term study involving 632 @entity101 @entity1 , 391 of whom were treated for 1 year; its incidence then was 2.9 p. 100, and drug withdrawal was required in 8 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Tolerance and safety of the use of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity4687 :: (MESH:D020913,Chemical) :: ['perindopril']


abstract: A key consideration in metabolic engineering is the determination of fluxes of the metabolites within the cell. This determination provides an unambiguous description of metabolism before and/or after engineering interventions. Here, we present a computational framework that combines a constraint-based modeling framework with isotopic label tracing on a large scale. When cells are fed a growth substrate with certain @entity505 positions labeled with @entity7352 , the distribution of this label in the intracellular metabolites can be calculated based on the known biochemistry of the participating pathways. Most labeling studies focus on skeletal representations of central metabolism and ignore many flux routes that could contribute to the observed isotopic labeling patterns. In contrast, our approach investigates the importance of carrying out isotopic labeling studies using a more comprehensive reaction network consisting of 350 fluxes and 184 metabolites in @entity526 including global metabolite balances on cofactors such as @entity855 , @entity2125 , and @entity1110 . The proposed procedure is demonstrated on an @entity526 engineered to produce @entity23161 , a precursor to the antimalarial drug @entity507 . The cells were grown in continuous culture on @entity413 containing 20% [U-(13)C]glucose; the measurements are made using GC- @entity15 performed on 13 @entity1522 extracted from the cells. We identify flux distributions for which the calculated labeling patterns agree well with the measurements alluding to the accuracy of the network reconstruction. Furthermore, we explore the robustness of the flux calculations to variability in the experimental @entity15 measurements, as well as highlight the key experimental measurements necessary for flux determination. Finally, we discuss the effect of reducing the model, as well as shed light onto the customization of the developed computational framework to other systems.

title: Metabolic flux elucidation for large-scale models using XXXX labeled isotopes.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli strain']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity23161 :: ('MESH:C515348', 'Chemical') :: ['amorphadiene']

answer: @entity7352 :: (CHEBI:36928,Chemical) :: ['13C']


abstract: PURPOSE: Survival in advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is compromised by distant @entity3 . Because @entity1138 is active against @entity519 and G0 cells, which may help to eradicate micrometastasis, we investigated the effect of @entity1138 -containing @entity900 -based induction chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Recruited for this study were American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 1992 staging system stage IV @entity189 @entity1 with the following adverse features: obvious intracranial invasion, supraclavicular or bilateral neck lymph node @entity3 , large neck node (> 6 cm), or elevated serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) level. @entity1 were given three cycles of chemotherapy before radiotherapy. The chemotherapy comprised a 3-week cycle of @entity1138 , @entity1259 , and @entity900 on day 1 and @entity1487 and @entity4181 on day 8 (MEPFL). RESULTS: From January 1994 to December 1997, 111 @entity1 were recruited. The median follow-up period was 43 months. The actuarial 5-year overall survival rate was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60% to 80%; n = 111). For @entity1 having completed radiotherapy (n = 100), the 5-year locoregional control rate was 70% (95% CI, 55% to 84%) and the distant @entity3 -free rate was 81% (95% CI, 73% to 89%). The 5-year distant @entity3 -free rate of N3a and N3b disease of AJCC 1997 staging system were 79% (95% CI, 62% to 95%) and 74% (95% CI, 60% to 89%), respectively. By Cox multivariate analysis, high pretreatment serum LDH level (P = .04) and neck nodal enlargement before radiotherapy (P = .001) were adverse prognostic factors of survival. CONCLUSION: The good 5-year survival of N3 disease supports the effectiveness of induction MEPFL in the primary treatment of advanced @entity189 . Further investigation to incorporate concurrent chemoradiotherapy is warranted.

title: Induction chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity1259 , @entity900 , @entity1487 , and @entity4181 followed by radiotherapy in the treatment of locoregionally advanced @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To differentiate @entity11 grade based on blood flow measured using continuous arterial @entity7959 labeled (CASL) perfusion MRI, implemented at 3 Tesla for improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and @entity7959 labeling effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CASL perfusion images were obtained preoperatively in 26 @entity1 with @entity1313 (19 high-grade @entity11 (HGGs; WHO grades 3 and 4) and seven low-grade @entity11 (LGGs; WHO grades 1 and 2)). The mean and maximum @entity5 blood flow (TBF and TBFmax) were calculated in the @entity5 , including surrounding infiltrating @entity5 vs. @entity4 . Measures normalized to global CBF (nTBF and nTBFmax) were also obtained. RESULTS: Normalized measures of TBFmax provided the best distinction between HGG and LGG groups (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.01). Seventeen of 19 HGGs showed nTBFmax > 1.0, and 15 of 19 showed nTBFmax > 1.3. Four of seven LGGs showed nTBFmax < 1.0, and six of seven showed nTBFmax < 1.3. Absolute TBFmax also differed significantly between the HGG and LGG groups (P = 0.04). TBFmax in 11 of 17 HGGs was >50 mL/100 g/min (mean +/- SD = 94.9 +/- 71.7 mL/100 g/min). All but one LGGs showed TBFmax < or = 50 mL/100 g/min (mean +/- SD = 42.8 +/- 22.0 mL/100 g/min). CONCLUSION: CASL perfusion MRI provides a quantitative, noninvasive alternative to dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR methods for evaluating @entity11 .

title: Grading of CNS @entity5 using continuous arterial XXXX labeled perfusion MR imaging at 3 Tesla.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity7959 :: (10927,Gene) :: ['spin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired bilateral @entity13687 -like macules (ABNOM), or Hori's macules, is a common Asian condition that is characterized by @entity2117 in the bilateral malar regions. Unlike @entity13687 , ABNOM is an acquired condition that often develops after 20 years of age and involves both sides of the face, but there is no mucosal involvement. Recently Q-switched (QS) 1064 nm Nd:YAG lasers have been effective in clearing this condition. The effectiveness of QS alexandrite lasers has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively assess the efficacy and complications of QS alexandrite lasers in the treatment of ABNOM. METHODS: Thirty-two Chinese @entity1 with ABNOM ranging in age from 28 to 66 years were involved in the study. All underwent QS alexandrite laser treatment (755 nm, spot size 3 mm, 8 J/cm(2)). Topical @entity8156 and @entity1968 cream were given to those with @entity2117 after the laser surgery. Clinical photographs were taken before and after laser surgery and assessed by two independent observers. The degree of clearing was scored and complications, including @entity4182 , @entity2117 , @entity2318 , and erythema, were assessed. RESULTS: The mean number of treatment sessions was 7 (range 2-11) and the mean treatment interval was 33 days. Both observers identified more than 80% of the @entity1 as having more than a 50% degree of clearing, and complete clearance was seen in more than 28% of @entity1 . Although most @entity1 had @entity2117 and were on depigmentary regimes, the @entity2117 was seen in only 12.5% of the @entity1 during photographic evaluation. @entity4182 was seen in 50% of @entity1 and erythema in 41%. CONCLUSION: QS alexandrite appears to be effective in the treatment of ABNOM. Postoperative pigmentary changes were frequent and the use of topical depigmentary agents was necessary to achieve a satisfactory result. Transient @entity4182 risk was high, affecting up to 50% of the @entity1 . Further study is warranted to compare the efficacy and complications of different laser systems in the treatment of this condition.

title: A retrospective study on the efficacy and complications of Q-switched alexandrite laser in the treatment of acquired bilateral XXXX -like macules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['Hypopigmentation', 'hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['postlaser hyperpigmentation', 'bluish hyperpigmentation', 'hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity13687 :: ('MESH:D009507', 'Disease') :: ['nevus of Ota']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['tretinoin']

answer: @entity13687 :: (MESH:D009507,Disease) :: ['nevus of Ota']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the morphology of @entity74 of the corneal epithelium by confocal microscopy. DESIGN: The study design was a prospective evaluation of confocal microscopic images of @entity1 with @entity2687 . @entity1 : Thirteen @entity1 (19 eyes) were included. The @entity2687 included four @entity1 with @entity2687 ( @entity13189 ), five @entity1 with @entity6228 (e.g., Cogan's microcystic and map-dot dystrophies), one @entity1 with @entity28447 , and three @entity1 with @entity30683 of unknown etiology. Confocal images of diseased corneas were compared with those of ten normal control eyes (ten subjects). INTERVENTION: All @entity1 were examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopic analysis and confocal microscopic analysis (Tomey, Erlangen-Temmenlohe, Germany). Image analysis was used to identify the corneal epithelial structures correlated with the corresponding pathology. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Confocal microscopy was used to assess the size, shape, light scatter, and reflection of the cysts. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination results showed corneal epithelial cystic lesions in all cases. Confocal microscopy was able to identify cystic lesions in 9 (69.2%) of 13 @entity1 . Of the four @entity1 in whom lesions could not be found by confocal microscopy, three had @entity30683 and the other one had @entity6228 . The confocal images were compatible with the clinical and histologic pictures of the disease. Normal control eyes did not show any epithelial lesion, either by biomicroscopy or confocal microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Confocal microscopy provides an in vivo evaluation of @entity2687 . This study shows that confocal microscopy is suitable for examining cystic lesions of the corneal epithelium. Nevertheless, it is not as sensitive as biomicroscopy in detecting cystic lesions in certain corneal conditions.

title: Confocal microscopy of XXXX of the corneal epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity30683 :: ('MESH:C565155', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent erosion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6228 :: ('MESH:C535477', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial basement membrane dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['cystic corneal disorders', 'corneal disorders', 'cystic epithelial corneal lesions', 'corneal decompensation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cystic disorders']

entities_list: @entity28447 :: ('MESH:D053559', 'Disease') :: ["Meesmann's dystrophy"]

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ["Fuchs' dystrophy"]

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['cystic disorders']