abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to develop a descriptive profile of parents and caregivers who bring their @entity1 to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) for nonurgent issues and to explore the reasons for presenting to an urban hospital pediatric @entity341 for nonurgent conditions. Such work is necessary to develop effective interventions. METHODS: A total of 106 parents/caregivers whose @entity1 was triaged with a nonemergent/urgent condition completed a 15- to 20-minute computerized survey (English and Spanish) in an urban pediatric @entity341 . RESULTS: Most respondents described themselves as Latino (76%) and foreign born (62%). About one half (49%) reported having an annual income of less than  20,000, and 43% of respondents did not have health insurance for themselves. Almost all (95%) of the index @entity1 had a primary care physician and health insurance. Despite being triaged as nonurgent, more than one half (63%) described their @entity1 's condition as "very" or "extremely" urgent. About one half of the respondents reported not receiving basic information on childhood illnesses from their @entity1 's physician. Reasons for nonurgent visits seemed to revolve around issues of convenience and perception of quality of care. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions should focus on health literacy and ensure that parents are provided relevant and accurate education on pediatric illnesses and common safety concerns; by increasing parental education on pediatric health, parents may be better able to assess acuity of their @entity1 's health issues.

title: A profile of nonurgent XXXX use in an urban pediatric hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: 1. This study examined whether brain and atrial natriuretic peptides ( @entity3876 , ANP) are secreted together through the coronary sinus from the heart, and whether plasma concentrations of @entity3876 and ANP were affected by ergometric exercise in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . The effects of @entity29274 , a potent @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor, on plasma concentrations of these peptides was also examined. 2. The plasma concentrations of immunoreactive (ir) @entity3876 and ir-ANP in the coronary sinus in seven @entity1 with @entity299 during cardiac catheterization were far greater than values with plasma obtained at the same time from the femoral artery. 3. The plasma concentrations of ir- @entity3876 and ir-ANP increased with exercise and were correlated with each other. Temocapril reduced the blood pressure and slightly (but significantly) decreased the levels of both peptides at rest and during exercise. 4. The results suggest that @entity3876 and ANP were secreted together through the coronary sinus from the heart. The secretion was increased by exercise and suppressed by acute @entity1289 inhibition. The increase in these peptides during exercise may reflect a compensatory mechanism against further elevation of blood pressure.

title: Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides: secretion during exercise in @entity1 with essential @entity101 and modulation by acute XXXX inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29274 :: ('MESH:C055603', 'Chemical') :: ['temocapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An elevation of the plasma @entity3488 ( @entity3488 ) levels has frequently been observed in @entity9303 @entity1 . However, little is known regarding the mechanism behind such an elevation of @entity3488 level in @entity9303 @entity1 . Therefore, we measured the plasma @entity3488 in @entity9303 @entity1 and other vertigo @entity1 to elucidate the association between the @entity3488 levels, stress levels and the development of Meniere's symptom. DESIGN AND SETTING: The plasma @entity3488 levels and plasma osmotic pressure were determined in 23 definite @entity9303 @entity1 and 160 @entity1 with other types of vertigo/dizziness. All @entity1 were administered questionnaire regarding their psychological status including their stress levels. RESULTS: The @entity3488 levels of @entity9303 @entity1 in the acute phase (5.80 +/- 1.37 pg/mL) were significantly higher in comparison with that of @entity9303 @entity1 in the remission phase (2.26 +/- 0.41 pg/mL) (P < 0.05). In other @entity9468 @entity1 , the @entity3488 level in the acute phase (1.71 +/- 0.23 pg/mL) was not significantly different from that in the remission phase (1.45 +/- 0.15 pg/mL). @entity9303 @entity1 in the acute phase had a significantly higher stress score (114 +/- 23) than @entity9303 @entity1 in the remission phase (56 +/- 13) (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between their stress score and the @entity3488 levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the elevation of the plasma @entity3488 levels in @entity9303 @entity1 in the acute phase is, therefore, associated with the pathogenesis of @entity9303 attacks rather than with stress.

title: The association of XXXX levels with an attack of @entity9303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vertigo']

entities_list: @entity3488 :: ('551', 'Gene') :: ['ADH', 'antidiuretic hormone']

answer: @entity3488 :: (551,Gene) :: ['antidiuretic hormone']


abstract: This descriptive study objectively compares three decades in the life histories of @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity161 treated continuously at one institution. On the basis of clinical observation, it was hypothesized that the first ten years of illness would be stormier for @entity1 , but that @entity1 would suffer more than their male counterparts as they began to approach the age of menopause. Eighty active @entity1 with a current diagnosis of DSM-IV @entity161 were identified. From this group, ten @entity1 and ten @entity1 , randomly selected, agreed to review and publication of their life stories in slightly altered form. These twenty @entity1 and their current case managers were interviewed. Their medical records were reviewed and the course of selected predictor variables was charted on the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) entry form. The entries on the CAN fluctuated markedly for most of the @entity1 over the two to three decades of illness. Seven of the ten @entity1 were, as predicted, globally most severely ill during their first decade of illness and improved thereafter. By contrast, eight of the ten @entity1 appeared to suffer a relatively need-free first decade, followed by increasing disability over time. In this small group, which, because of the method of recruitment, excluded best and worst outcomes, factors such as onset age, duration of untreated prodrome, and early @entity221 (as assessed by chart review) did not predict long-term outcome. On the other hand, @entity734 , social supports, and a family history of @entity161 were more closely correlated with 20- to 30-year outcome status. The direct effect of female menopause on illness severity was not possible to gauge in this study, but alterations in hormones may have played a part in responsivity to family and social loss.

title: Narratives of twenty to thirty year outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared laparoscopic with open colectomy for treatment of @entity14 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity1 undergoing colectomy for @entity14 between January 1991 and March 1996 at a large private metropolitan teaching hospital. Operative techniques included open (n=90) and laparoscopic (n=80) colectomy. Laparoscopic colectomy was further subdivided into the following groups: facilitated (n=62), with extracorporeal anastomosis; near-complete (n=9), with small incision for specimen delivery only; complete (n=3), with specimen removal through the rectum; and converted to an open procedure (n=6). Main outcome measures included operative time, @entity190 , time to oral intake, length of postoperative hospitalization, morbidity, lymph node yield, recurrence, survival, and costs. RESULTS: Operative time was equivalent in the laparoscopic and open groups (laparoscopic, 161 minutes; open, 163 minutes; P=0.94). @entity190 was less for the laparoscopic group (laparoscopic, 104 ml; open, 184 ml; P=0.001), and resumption of oral intake was earlier (laparoscopic, 3.9 days; open, 4.9 days; P=0.001), but length of hospitalization was similar. Mean lymph node yield in the laparoscopic group was 12 compared with 16 in the open group (P=0.16). Rates of morbidity, recurrence, and survival were similar in both groups. No port-site recurrences occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic and open colectomy were therapeutically similar for treatment of @entity14 in terms of operative time, length of hospitalization, recurrence, and survival rates. The laparoscopic approach was superior in @entity190 and resumption of oral intake.

title: XXXX : comparison of laparoscopic with open approaches.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss', 'blood loss']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: We report the results of 65 @entity1 with treatment-related @entity2590 ( @entity2590 )/ @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) who were transplanted from an autograft and reported to the EBMT. The median age was 39 years (range, 3-69), and stem cell source was bone marrow (n = 31), or peripheral blood progenitor cells (n = 30), or the combination of both (n = 4). The @entity66 was @entity5 (n = 37), @entity978 (n = 13), @entity1893 (n = 10), @entity981 (n = 2) or @entity6961 (n = 3). The types of @entity2590 were as follows: @entity7139 (n = 1; 2%), @entity7139 -t (n = 3; 5%), or @entity3052 (n = 56; 87%). The median time between diagnosis and transplantation was 5 months (range, 3-86). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of 3-year overall and disease-free survival were 35% (95% CI: 21-49%) and 32% (95% CI: 18-45%), respectively. The median leukocyte engraftment was faster after transplantation with peripheral blood stem cells than with bone marrow: 12 (range, 9-26) vs 29 (range, 11-67) days (P<0.001). The cumulative incidence of relapse was 58% (95% CI: 44-72%) and of treatment-related mortality 12% (95% CI: 6-38%). Lower relapse rate was seen in @entity1 transplanted in first complete remission ( @entity3432 vs non- @entity3432 : 3 years: 48 vs 89%; P = 0.05). Furthermore, age beyond 40 years resulted in a higher treatment-related mortality (47 vs 7%; P = 0.01). In a multivariate analysis, transplantation in @entity3432 age as well as their interaction influenced overall survival significantly. Autologous transplantation may cure a substantial number of @entity1 with treatment-related @entity2590 / @entity3052 , especially if they are in @entity3432 and of younger age.

title: Autologous stem cell transplantation for therapy-related @entity3052 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative syndromes']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: Recent studies indicate that @entity1214 exerts neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo, and suggest that the drug may represent a novel therapeutic approach to @entity746 ( @entity746 ). In this study we investigated the safety of combined treatment with @entity1214 and @entity10891 in @entity746 . Twenty @entity746 @entity1 were randomised into two groups and administered either @entity10891 (50 mg b.i.d.) or @entity10891 and @entity1214 (100 mg i.d.) for 6 months. Disease progression was measured by means of the @entity746 -Functional Rating Scale score at monthly intervals. Respiratory function was measured at the beginning of the study and repeated after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Combined treatment with @entity1214 and @entity10891 was not followed by significant side effects. This pilot study shows that @entity1214 and @entity10891 can be taken safely together. Further trials are needed to assess efficacy of such treatment.

title: @entity1214 in XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: @entity1 gingival fibroblast cultures were used to investigate the role of cellular @entity1432 redox status in the mitogenic response. Increases in intracellular @entity141 and cell cycle progression beyond G1 were followed as parameters of cellular mitogen-induced responses. @entity10452 provided a G1 stage synchronization and altered the cellular redox poise as measured by the ratio @entity1110 / @entity1110 . Cultures harvested immediately after the 6 day @entity10452 low-serum synchronization showed a significant oxidation of their redox poise. Synchronized cultures, which were also @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) depleted, still showed an oxidized redox poise and significantly reduced @entity2197 levels following a 24 hr incubation in drug-free, rich medium. Cellular reduced @entity34940 levels correlated strongly (r = 0.995) with capacity to mobilize intracellular @entity141 in response to @entity540 ( @entity540 ). The sustained mitogenic response, as determined by cell cycle progression beyond G1, was also found to be interrelated with the cellular @entity1432 redox status. Following a 24 hr recovery incubation in serum-rich medium, formerly synchronized cultures showed a rebound of their redox poise to a more reduced state and significant cell cycle progression beyond G1. In contrast, synchronized, @entity2197 -depleted cultures did not progress and showed population distributions similar to those of cultures harvested immediately postsynchronization. Upon recovery of cellular @entity2197 and reduced @entity34940 levels, formerly @entity2197 -depleted, growth-arrested cultures resumed cell cycle progression. The results suggest that the cellular response to specific mitogens is interrelated with the cellular @entity1432 redox status. Cells that possess a @entity1432 redox status below a threshold response point may have compromised @entity141 sequestration and/or mobilization and therefore may be incapable of initiating the mitogen induced response cascade that culminates in cell cycle progression.

title: Association of cellular XXXX redox status with mitogen-induced calcium mobilization and cell cycle progression in @entity1 fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity34940 :: ('CHEBI:25527', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity10452 :: ('MESH:D005001', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethionine', 'ethionine']

answer: @entity1432 :: (CHEBI:29256,Chemical) :: ['thiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity712 is an important cause of @entity1 morbidity and mortality. Although several randomized clinical trials have compared beta-blockers with placebo for treatment of @entity712 , a meta-analysis quantifying the effect on mortality and morbidity has not been performed recently. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched from 1966 to July 2000. References were also identified from bibliographies of pertinent articles. STUDY SELECTION: All randomized clinical trials of beta-blockers versus placebo in chronic stable @entity712 were included. DATA EXTRACTION: A specified protocol was followed to extract data on @entity1 characteristics, beta-blocker used, overall mortality, hospitalizations for @entity712 , and study quality. DATA SYNTHESIS: A hierarchical random-effects model was used to synthesize the results. A total of 22 trials involving 10 135 @entity1 were identified. There were 624 deaths among 4862 @entity1 randomly assigned to placebo and 444 deaths among 5273 @entity1 assigned to beta-blocker therapy. In these groups, 754 and 540 @entity1 , respectively, required hospitalization for @entity712 . The probability that beta-blocker therapy reduced total mortality and hospitalizations for @entity712 was almost 100%. The best estimates of these advantages are 3.8 lives saved and 4 fewer hospitalizations per 100 @entity1 treated in the first year after therapy. The probability that these benefits are clinically significant (>2 lives saved or >2 fewer hospitalizations per 100 @entity1 treated) is 99%. Both selective and nonselective agents produced these salutary effects. The results are robust to any reasonable publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: beta-Blocker therapy is associated with clinically meaningful reductions in mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with stable @entity712 and should be routinely offered to all @entity1 similar to those included in trials.

title: Beta-blockers in XXXX . A Bayesian meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Congestive heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: The current knowledge on the mechanisms of lactational @entity249 , discussed during a symposium of investigators in this subject, is reviewed. Three periods of lactation are examined: the first weeks postpartum, the period of extended lactational @entity2588 and the recovery of ovarian function. In the first postpartum weeks the inhibition of ovarian function is accounted by diminished pituitary response to @entity1176 , since exogenous @entity1176 fails to elicit a LH increase. Suckling can extend the period of ovarian inhibition for weeks, months or years, although it does not fully suppress pulsatile secretion of LH beyond the first weeks. Extended lactational @entity2588 is associated with low LH plasma levels, a great PRL increase in response to suckling, low basal E2 levels and a suppression of @entity172 positive feedback. Decreased immunoreactive LH levels may result from partial suppression of the LH pulse generator and a smaller mass of @entity1176 released in each burst. The role of neurotransmitters, PRL and ovarian factors is discussed. After the recovery of ovulatory cycles suckling still has a residual @entity249 effect, associated to inadequate luteal function. The sources of variation among @entity1 and populations were recognized. Areas in which research is needed to improve the understanding of the mechanisms that sustain lactational @entity2588 are suggested.

title: Neuroendocrine mechanisms of lactational XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: A 10-month-old Czech wolf @entity235 was unconscious after being kicked in the head by a @entity1641 . The following day, the @entity235 was ataxic and collapsed after several steps. The level of consciousness was decreased. Cranial nerve examination was normal and right postural reactions were decreased. Spinal reflexes were intact in all limbs. The diagnostic work-up included a computed tomography (CT) scan of the head with IV contrast. A lenticular shaped, hyperdense, non-enhancing lesion was observed in the left fronto-parietal region. A diagnosis of @entity7181 was made. Two craniotomies were performed on a different day and most of the haematoma was removed. @entity288 and antimicrobial therapy were administered. Fifteen days after the surgery, the clinical examinations were unremarkable. Fifteen months later, the owners considered the @entity235 normal. Intracranial subdural or intraparenchymal haematomas have been described in the veterinary literature. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the successful management of an @entity7181 in the @entity235 . In @entity1 , these lesions are well described. Common locations are temporal, parietal and frontal regions or a combination of these regions. @entity1 can be asymptomatic, present with varying clinical signs, or be unconscious. Based on the @entity1 literature, following trauma to the head, a CT scan should be performed even if the @entity1 is asymptomatic. Some authors believe that there are not any absolute indications for conservative management versus surgical management.

title: Surgical treatment of a traumatic @entity7181 in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial epidural haematoma']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: The mechanism by which (1S,3R)-ACPD, a metabotropic @entity2227 receptor agonist, induces burst firing in lateral septal neurons of the @entity35 was investigated in coronal brainstem slices. Membrane currents were characterized in voltage clamp using whole-cell recordings. In the presence of (1S,3R)-ACPD, following depolarizing voltage jumps, repolarization towards the holding potential generated an inward aftercurrent. It could have a plateau-like phase and decayed exponentially. This (1S,3R)-ACPD-dependent inward aftercurrent was accompanied by an increase in cell conductance and was reduced following partial replacement of extracellular @entity1372 by @entity21678 . It was unaffected by @entity1041 or barium, and persisted in Cs-loaded neurons or following partial replacement of extracellular @entity2865 by @entity20412 . This suggests that it was mainly carried by @entity1372 . Loading neurons with the @entity460 chelator, @entity18650 , or blocking transmembrane @entity460 currents, suppressed the (1S,3R)-ACPD-dependent aftercurrent. By contrast, partial replacement of extracellular @entity1372 by @entity1091 did not affect it. Thus, this current was dependent upon @entity460 influx but was not due to a @entity1372 / @entity460 exchanger. It was probably mediated by G protein activation. Indeed, in neurons loaded with @entity3007 -gamma-S, following depolarizing voltage jumps, repolarization towards the holding potential revealed an inward aftercurrent having properties similar to those of the (1S,3R)-ACPD-dependent current. We suggest that (1S,3R)-ACPD induced @entity460 -activated non-selective channels. In the presence of this agonist, a depolarization-evoked @entity460 influx could thus evoke a cationic inward current. This current probably promotes the burst firing observed in lateral septal neurons in current clamp.

title: Action of a metabotropic @entity2227 receptor agonist in XXXX lateral septum: induction of a @entity1372 -dependent inward aftercurrent.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity20412 :: ('CHEBI:61904', 'Chemical') :: ['isethionate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity21678 :: ('CHEBI:59732', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-glucamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Fifty-five cases of primary (that is, without @entity5450 ), acute @entity2885 ( @entity2885 ) were studied by computed tomodensitometry (CT). There were 48 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 . All were febrile and 16 had positive blood cultures. In 7 cases, (4 @entity6 and 3 malnourished alcoholics) @entity2885 was painless, diagnosis was delayed and lesions were severe. Two @entity6 underwent emergency nephrectomy for @entity295 . Conventional radiological techniques (IVP and ultrasonography) were poorly informative. In contrast, @entity854 were visible in 44 @entity1 . They consisted of triangular or round hypodense images, diffuse @entity6152 in a grossly swollen kidney, and/or abscesses. Hypodense images were presumably due to acute focal @entity63 . Renal histology was available in five @entity1 . It showed acute @entity1986 with leukocyte infiltrates, @entity4 and @entity548 streaks. @entity2885 was due to @entity526 in 48 cases (87.5%). In 27 cases @entity526 isolates were studied by genotypic assays which detect the three most frequent (pap, afa and sfa) of the four operons known to encode adhesin. In all cases, at least one of these genotypic markers of uropathogenicity was found. In 27 cases, repeat CT was done shortly after treatment. It showed healing in only 12. Early cortical @entity2318 formation was visible in 2. Final evaluation in 27 cases with adequate follow-up showed that (in addition to the 2 @entity1 who had been nephrectomized), in only 17 of 27 (63%) had the kidneys recovered a normal appearance. In two cases one kidney had undergone @entity194 ; renal biopsy showed subacute-chronic @entity1986 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Frequency of development of early cortical XXXX in acute primary @entity2885 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['initial CT abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis', 'PN', 'Pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['scarring']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proton pump inhibitor based combination therapy is one standard strategy for @entity1534 eradication. AIM: To compare the eradication and duodenal @entity1066 efficacy of two 2-week, single dose, @entity10042 based combination therapies. METHODS: Healthy adult @entity1 with endoscopically confirmed, @entity1534 associated @entity4773 (3 mm > @entity1066 < 20 mm) were eligible for the study. All @entity1 received a 14 day course of @entity10042 30 mg o.m., and were randomized to receive either 7 or 14 days of @entity115 1 g b.d. and @entity4581 500 mg b.d. @entity1 were endoscoped at entry and 14-17 days later. Symptomatic, unhealed @entity1 received a further 14 days of therapy with @entity10042 30 mg o.m. Eradication was confirmed a minimum of 28 days after cessation of all therapy by urease reaction and histological assessment of gastric body and antral biopsies (three biopsies each site). RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 were randomized to a treatment arm, of which 58 could be included in an intention-to-treat and key-point-available analysis. @entity1534 eradication rates were identical, at 93% (95% CI: 73-98% (1 week), 78-99% (2 week)). In the combined group, all but 13 @entity1066 were healed at 2 weeks; six required further therapy because of symptoms, while six of the seven asymptomatic @entity1 went on to heal. CONCLUSION: An eradication regimen, based on a 2-week course of single dose @entity10042 with 1 week of antibiotic co-therapy, is effective in eradicating @entity1534 , while the 2 weeks of acid suppression is usually effective in duodenal @entity1066 .

title: @entity1534 eradication and XXXX with daily @entity10042 , plus 1 or 2 weeks co-therapy with @entity115 and @entity4581 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer healing']


abstract: @entity3825 is studied at the level of the primary afferent fiber, spinal cord, subcortical, and cortical levels electrophysiologically and using brain imaging, which provides an objective measure of excitation at each level. However, correlation of these with actual perception of @entity158 in conscious animal models has been problematic, and we rely on indirect measures in most preclinical research. The main method is electromyographic recording of abdominal muscle contractions in response to @entity14 ( @entity14 ), which may reflect reflexes set up at several levels of the above pathway. Several experimental treatments for @entity3825 have failed in clinical trials, possibly because of failure to translate from preclinical observations on @entity14 responses in animals to perception of spontaneous events in @entity1 . Therefore, we need more objective outcomes. In this NGM issue, Hultin et al. show feasibility of routine recordings of cortical evoked electrical potentials (CEP) using implanted cranial electrodes in response to graded @entity14 in @entity35 . CEP comprised three temporal components with latencies of approximately 20-50 ms, 90-180 ms, and 300 ms, which were reproducible and graded in intensity and latency with distension pressure. From this basic study it is clear that colorectal evoked potentials can be recorded reliably in awake @entity35 and may serve as an objective marker for centrally projecting visceral sensory signals in rodents. It remains to be seen how these responses are affected by drugs under development for clinical management of @entity3825 , and if there is improved translation.

title: XXXX readouts in experimental medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral pain', 'visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'colorectal distension']

answer: @entity3825 :: (MESH:D059265,Disease) :: ['Visceral pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe endoscopic approaches to the calcaneal bursa and clinical findings in 2 @entity1641 with calcaneal @entity2585 . STUDY DESIGN: Cadaver evaluations and retrospective case reports. ANIMALS: 12 cadavers and 2 adult @entity1641 . METHODS: Cadaver specimens of the calcaneal bursa were evaluated with a rigid arthroscope and gross dissection to determine the endoscopic appearance of anatomic structures located within the bursa. The site(s) for placement of the arthroscope and instrument(s) was determined based on cadaver dissection and endoscopic examination. RESULTS: Placement of the arthroscope 1 cm dorsal to the superficial @entity1795 (SDFT) and 1 cm distal to the medial or lateral aspect of the SDFT retinaculum allowed consistent examination of the tuber calcis, proximal aspect of the long plantar ligament, calcaneal tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle inserting on the tuber calcis, SDFT and the proximal and distal extent of the bursa. Lesions observed and treated with use of endoscopy included @entity39 and damage of the origin of the long plantar ligament in one @entity1641 . Mild disruption of the superficial @entity1795 were observed and debrided in another @entity1641 . CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic exploration of the calcaneal bursa is clinically feasible to treat @entity2585 and to help identify the cause(s) of undiagnosed @entity2585 or @entity1273 associated with the calcaneus, superficial @entity924 , and the long plantar ligament. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An endoscopic approach to the calcaneal bursa is recommended whenever possible to decrease complications associated with surgery in this region and improve the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious calcaneal @entity2585 .

title: Endoscopy of the calcaneal bursa in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['local bone necrosis of the proximoplantar aspect of the tuber calcis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['digital flexor tendon, tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['infectious and noninfectious bursitis', 'bursitis']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['digital flexor tendon and long plantar ligament', 'digital flexor tendon']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: Families with @entity1032 males found to be negative for @entity10309 and @entity10310 mutations are useful in understanding the genetic basis of @entity18479 . According to the most recent data (updated to 1999), 69 @entity54151 loci have been mapped and 6 genes cloned. Here we report on a linkage study performed on 20 subjects from a 4-generation Sardinian family segregating a non-specific @entity18479 ( @entity18479 )( @entity54322 ) associated with global delay of all psychomotor development. Five of 8 affected males have been tested for mental age, verbal and performance skills and @entity146 ; @entity73 ranged from mild to severe. Only @entity154 were present in the affected subjects. Two-point linkage analysis based on 28 informative microsatellites spanning the whole X chromosome demonstrated linkage between the disorder and markers DXS1073 and @entity2801 in Xq28 (maximum Lod score of 2. 71 at straight theta = 0.00). Multipoint linkage analysis confirmed the linkage with a Z(max) of 3.0 at straight theta = 0.00 at DXS1073 and @entity2801 . Recombination in an affected male at DXS1073 and @entity2801 allowed us to delimit centromerically and telomerically the region containing the putative candidate gene. The region, where @entity54322 maps, overlaps that of another @entity54151 families previously mapped to Xq28, two of which harbored mutations in GDI. Involvement of this gene was excluded in our family, suggesting another @entity54151 might reside in Xq28.

title: Mapping to distal Xq28 of nonspecific @entity18479 XXXX : linkage analysis and clinical findings in a three-generation Sardinian family.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['minor anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral anomalies']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mental impairment']

entities_list: @entity18479 :: ('MESH:D038901', 'Disease') :: ['XLMR', 'X-linked mental retardation', 'X-linked recessive mental retardation']

answer: @entity54322 :: (116442,Gene) :: ['MRX72']


abstract: In a large scale screen for mutants with defects in the embryonic development of the @entity3392 we identified mutations in four genes,floating head ( @entity54104 ), momo (mom), no tail (ntl), and doc, that are required for early notochord formation. Mutations in @entity54104 and ntl have been described previously, while mom and doc are newly identified genes. Mutant mom embryos lack a notochord in the trunk, and trunk somites from the right and left side of the embryo fuse underneath the neural tube. In this respect mom appears similar to @entity54104 . In contrast, notochord precursor cells are present in both ntl and doc embryos. In order to gain a greater understanding of the phenotypes, we have analysed the expression of several axial mesoderm markers in mutant embryos of all four genes. In @entity54104 and mom, Ntl expression is normal in the germ ring and tailbud, while the expression of Ntl and other notochord markers in the axial mesodermal region is disrupted. Ntl expression is normal in doc embryos until early somitic stages, when there is a reduction in expression which is first seen in anterior regions of the embryo. This suggests a function for doc in the maintenance of ntl expression. Other notochord markers such as twist, sonic hedgehog and axial are not expressed in the axial mesoderm of ntl embryos, their expression parallels the expression of ntl in the axial mesoderm of mutant doc, @entity54104 and mom embryos, indicating that ntl is required for the expression of these markers. The role of doc in the expression of the notochord markers appears indirect via ntl. Floor plate formation is disrupted in most regions in @entity54104 and mom mutant embryos but is present in mutant ntl and doc embryos. In mutant embryos with strong ntl alleles the band of cells expressing floor plate markers is broadened. A similar broadening is also observed in the axial mesoderm underlying the floor plate of ntl embryos, suggesting a direct involvement of the notochord precursor cells in floor plate induction. Mutations in all of these four genes result in embryos lacking a horizontal myoseptum and muscle pioneer cells, both of which are thought to be induced by the notochord. These somite defects can be traced back to an impairment of the specification of the adaxial cells during early stages of development. Transplantation of wild-type cells into mutant doc embryos reveals that wild-type notochord cells are sufficient to induce horizontal myoseptum formation in the flanking mutant tissue. Thus doc, like @entity54104 and ntl, acts cell autonomously in the notochord. In addition to the four mutants with defects in early notochord formation, we have isolated 84 mutants, defining at least 15 genes, with defects in later stages of notochord development. These are listed in an appendix to this study.

title: Mutations affecting the formation of the notochord in the @entity3392 , XXXX .

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Danio rerio']


abstract: This study assessed the inhaled dose of @entity167 during hand disinfection. Experiments were conducted with two types of hand rub using two hand disinfection procedures. Air samples were collected every 10 s from the breathing zone, by bubbling through a mixture of @entity24234 and @entity4197 . The reduction of @entity31752 ions in the presence of @entity4313 was followed by UV-vis spectrophotometry. The difference in intensity of the @entity31752 absorption peak was used to quantify the @entity167 concentration expressed in @entity1068 equivalent. During @entity10281 , the mean @entity1068 equivalent concentrations peaked at around 20-30 s for both hand rubs (14.3    1.4 mg/L for hand rub 1 and 13.2    0.7 mg/L for hand rub 2). During @entity954 , two peaks were found at the same time (40 and 80 s) for both hand rubs. The highest mean concentrations were 20.2    0.9 mg/L for hand rub 1 and 18.1    0.9 mg/L for hand rub 2. For hand rub 1, the total absorbed doses, calculated from @entity1068 with an inhalation flow of 24 L/min and an absorption rate of 62%, were 46.5 mg after one @entity10281 and 203.9 mg after one @entity954 . Although the use of ABHRs leads to the absorption of very low doses, sudden, repeated inhalation of high @entity167 concentrations raises the question of possible adverse health effects.

title: Assessment of exposure to @entity167 vapor from XXXX -based hand rubs.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity31752 :: ('CHEBI:33141', 'Chemical') :: ['dichromate']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['hygienic hand disinfection']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical hand disinfection']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Administration of @entity1810 , a fibrogenic inflammatory growth factor, promotes @entity82 and @entity2318 . @entity619 , an anti-inflammatory @entity134 , inhibits wound healing and reduces @entity82 . The current studies were initiated to determine whether the co-administration of @entity619 was able to abrogate the fibrogenic effect of @entity1810 . @entity4832 sponges were implanted subcutaneously on the abdominal area of @entity35 and directly injected with vehicle, @entity619 , @entity1810 , or @entity619 plus @entity1810 . @entity619 was able to block the fibrogenic effect of @entity1810 . Collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis was measured as a function of @entity1810 or @entity619 concentrations in fibroblasts isolated from granulation tissue. Addition of @entity619 to cultures treated simultaneously with @entity1810 blocked the fibrogenic response of @entity1810 . To study the molecular regulation of collagen gene expression by @entity1810 or @entity619 , fibroblasts derived from granulation tissue were stably transfected with the ColCat 3.6 plasmid, which contains the @entity35 pro alpha1(I) collagen promoter linked to the @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. @entity619 decreased CAT activity whereas @entity1810 increased the activity of this reporter gene. The increase in CAT activity observed with @entity1810 treatment was significantly decreased when @entity619 was added to the cultures, although CAT activity did not return to control level. Since collagen synthesis in fibroblasts treated simultaneously with @entity619 and @entity1810 was found to be the same as that of untreated samples, the data indicate that there is a @entity619 -mediated posttranscriptional regulation of pro alpha1(I) collagen mRNA. These studies demonstrate that at the in vivo level, the cellular level, and the molecular level, @entity619 is able to block the fibrogenic effect of @entity1810 .

title: XXXX abrogates the fibrogenic effect of transforming growth factor-beta in @entity35 granuloma and granulation tissue fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: In order to investigate the mechanism of recurrence of @entity157 ( @entity157 ), 322 @entity1 with @entity5462 (size: < or = 3 cm) treated by percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ), transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE) or radiation therapy were evaluated. Cumulative recurrent rates of new lesions after the initial therapy were 25% (1-year), 57% (2-year) and 71% (3-year). In 116 @entity1 whose @entity5 were multiple at the time of initial therapy, the recurrent rates were higher compared with 206 @entity1 with a @entity5 . In 228 of all @entity1 , new lesions were observed in the noncancerous liver after initial therapy. We observed a single new lesion in 67% of the 134 @entity1 , whose @entity157 was single at the time of initial therapy. In the remaining 33% of these @entity1 , multiple new lesions were observed. As for the recurrence site, we found new lesions at a different segment of the liver from the initial @entity157 in 52% of these 134 @entity1 . In the @entity1 with multiple recurrent @entity5462 , the survival rates were lower in comparison with the @entity1 whose recurrent @entity157 was single. In the @entity1 whose new lesions were found within 1 year after the initial therapy, the survival rates were also lower compared with the @entity1 whose new lesions were not detected during 1 year. In conclusion, the mechanism of multicentric occurrence may be closely correlated with the intrahepatic recurrence of @entity157 in consideration of the high incidence of recurrent rates of @entity5462 and their recurrent pattern.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment for recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['single tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: A new urethral stent developed for use in recurrent @entity3832 is presented. This metallic coil is self-expanding when released from its introducing catheter. The stent was used in 18 @entity1 with recurrent strictures necessitating frequent dilation or urethrotomy. The stent is introduced under fluoroscopic guidance after internal urethrotomy or simple dilation. Strictures of 5 to 60 mm. were treated successfully with this device. All strictures were distal to the external sphincter. No serious complications attributed to the device were recorded. When necessary, the stent could be repositioned either under fluoroscopic control or endoscopically. This device can hold the stenotic area of the urethra open for long intervals allowing for complete healing. Even after 6 months the stent is not covered with urethral epithelium and does not become incorporated into the urethral wall. It can be removed easily without an operation by simple manipulation. The large internal caliber permits passage of endoscopes up to 17F in @entity1 who require cystoscopy. The device can be removed before transurethral resections and then a new stent can be inserted at the end of the procedure. Mean followup of our @entity1 with the stent indwelling was 8 months (range 4 to 11 months). Followup after removal of the stent (6 @entity1 ) was 3 to 8 months (mean 5 months). The @entity1 voided well during followup and were fully continent. No incrustations were noted in the removed stents even after 6 months and no stent became obstructed due to tissue proliferation or incrustation. In 1 @entity1 the stricture recurred after 3 months and a new stent was inserted. Urine sterilization was obtained in 7 @entity1 with infected urine after relatively short courses of antibiotics. This stent seems to be a promising tool for the nonoperative treatment of recurrent @entity3832 .

title: Temporarily implanted urethral coil stent for the treatment of recurrent XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral strictures']

answer: @entity3832 :: (MESH:D014525,Disease) :: ['urethral strictures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the results of the simultaneous @entity169 during radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) with the preperitoneal tension-free Stoppa technique, using a @entity7502 mesh. @entity1 AND METHODS: During 855 consecutive RRPs, 40 (5%) @entity1 (median age 66.9 years, range 52-81) with 49 @entity169 had a simultaneous inguinal hernioplasty. The RRP was performed according to the Walsh modified technique. After the prostate and seminal vesicles were removed and the urethrovesical @entity254 completed, a @entity7502 mesh of maximum size 15 x 7.5 cm and a small slit on its medial side was then created and placed in the preperitoneal space, embracing the spermatic cord and covering the myopectinal orifice. Preoperative risk factors, e.g. constipation, @entity358 or @entity1494 , were collected retrospectively from the files. Complications after surgery, including wound @entity5280 , urinary fistula and recurrence of the @entity547 , were assessed. RESULTS: Preoperative risk factors for @entity547 development were identified in 23 (58%) @entity1 ; three had recurrent @entity547 . With a median 23.1 months of follow-up period two (4%) @entity547 recurred. There were no complications after surgery. CONCLUSION: Preperitoneal @entity547 repair with @entity7502 mesh is safe, effective and practical. The procedure simultaneous with RRP gave a 96% success rate and with no significant increase in operating time or additional complications.

title: XXXX repair with @entity7502 mesh during radical retropubic prostatectomy: an easy and practical approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstructive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['infection, pelvic collections']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia repair']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['Inguinal hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A single-centre, prospective trial was performed aiming to assess the impact of narrow-band imaging (NBI) cystoscopy in cases of non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) in comparison to standard white light cystoscopy (WLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 95 NMIBC-suspected consecutive cases were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were @entity811 , positive urinary cytology or ultrasound suspicion of @entity150 . All @entity1 underwent WLC and NBI cystoscopy. Standard resection was performed for all lesions visible in white light and NBI transurethral resection of @entity150 for only NBI-observed @entity5 . RESULTS: The overall detection rates of NMIBC and @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) were significantly improved for NBI (96.2% versus 87.2% and 100% versus 66.7% respectively). Also, NBI cystoscopy showed significantly superior detection for @entity2735 , pTa and overall @entity5 (95.2% versus 61.9%, 93.9% versus 85.2% and 94.8% versus 83.9% respectively). Additional @entity5 were diagnosed by NBI in a significant proportion of @entity1 with @entity2735 , pTa, @entity2558 (55.5% versus 11.1%, 26.5% versus 10.2%, 30% versus 10% and 30.8% versus 10.3%). Postoperative treatment was significantly improved due to NBI results (16.7% versus 5.1%). CONCLUSIONS: NBI cystoscopy represents a valuable diagnostic alternative in @entity1 with NMIBC, with significant improvement in @entity5 visual accuracy as well as detection. This approach provides a substantial improvement to @entity150 therapeutic management.

title: Narrow-band imaging cystoscopy in non-muscle-invasive XXXX : a prospective comparison to the standard approach.

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), a very rare type of @entity5 , generally affects @entity1 over 50 years old. While clinical drugs to treat advanced stages of @entity3052 exist, the disease becomes increasingly resistant to therapies. Euphorbia formosana Hayata (EF) is a native Taiwanese medicinal plant used to treat @entity627 , @entity1575 , @entity4091 , scabies, and photoaging, along with @entity5 suppression. However, the mechanisms by which it suppresses @entity5 have not been explored. Here, we provide molecular evidence that a hot-water extract of Euphorbia formosana (EFW) selectively inhibited the growth of @entity1 @entity5 cells more than other solid @entity1 @entity5 cell lines. Most importantly, the plant extract had limited @entity137 toward healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After @entity1357 @entity1778 cells were treated with 50-100   g/mL EFW for one day, the S phase DNA content of the cells increased, while treatment with 200-400   g/mL caused the cells to accumulate in the G0/G1 phase. Notably, EFW did not affect A-549 @entity2 cells. The effectiveness of EFW against @entity1357 cells may be through caspase-dependent apoptosis in @entity1778 cells, which is mediated through the Fas and mitochondrial pathways. The potent antileukemic activity of EFW in vitro warrants further investigation of this plant to treat @entity1778 and other @entity5 .

title: Euphorbia formosana root extract induces apoptosis by caspase-dependent cell death via Fas and mitochondrial pathway in @entity1357 XXXX @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'leukemic cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'Acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Systematic assessment of the prevalence and pattern of liver function test (LFT) abnormalities associated with regular antipsychotics in adult @entity1 and consideration of management of such abnormalities. DATA SOURCES: Systematic search identifying cohort, cross-sectional or case studies/series, reporting @entity409 in @entity1 receiving regular antipsychotics. EMBASE, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE were searched for studies in English from record onset. STUDY SELECTION: Abstracts were independently screened for eligibility by 2 researchers. Ineligible studies included those that did not report LFT reference ranges, those that studied fewer than 10 @entity1 on a given antipsychotic, and those studying @entity1 . DATA EXTRACTION: Key variables in group studies were extracted. Case studies/series were examined for @entity1 outcome. DATA SYNTHESIS: Ten group studies and 91 case studies/series were eligible, although quality was poor. All groups receiving regular antipsychotics had a prevalence of @entity409 greater than chance. The median percentage of @entity1 with any abnormal LFT on any antipsychotic was 32%, with a range of 5% to 78%. The median percentage of @entity1 with clinically significant elevations was 4%, with a range of 0% to 15%. Transaminases were most commonly elevated. Abnormalities were generally asymptomatic, arose within 6 weeks, and were either stably persistent or resolved with continued treatment. Case reports suggested that antipsychotics can be associated with severe @entity99 , fatal in a small minority of cases. @entity2644 is most commonly associated with @entity99 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity409 in @entity1 receiving regular antipsychotics are common but generally mild and transient. Very rarely, a severe or fatal @entity99 can emerge.

title: Antipsychotics and XXXX tests: systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LFT abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'hepatitis', 'acute liver injury']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpromazine']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['abnormal liver function']


abstract: The proto-oncogene products @entity470 -l (EGF-Receptor) and @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ), distinct members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, are frequently overexpressed in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). The accumulation of these transmembrane proteins may lead to significant amounts of the respective @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ) that are shed from the @entity5 cell surface and enter blood circulation, thus representing potential serum @entity5 markers. For @entity470 -l and @entity1722 , we determined the @entity3144 serum levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and evaluated the protein expression in @entity5 tissue by immunohistochemistry. The present study included 49 @entity1 (37 untreated, 12 recurrences) and the same number of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In 24 patients @entity3144 serum levels were determined before and 6 weeks after surgery. Mean @entity3144 serum levels for @entity470 and @entity1722 were 54.8+/-1.6 and 153.7+/-6.1 fmol/ml in @entity5 @entity1 , and 54+/-1.5 and 147.9+/-4.5 fmol/ml in healthy controls, respectively. There was no significant difference between untreated and recurrent disease. Serum @entity3144 follow-ups 6 weeks after surgery revealed a significant 12.3% decline of @entity470 but no change of @entity1722 values. Immunohistochemistry showed strong staining for @entity470 in 78% and @entity1722 in 47% of the @entity213 specimens. No correlation was detectable between receptor @entity3144 serum levels and receptor tissue expression, @entity5 stage, and @entity5 differentiation. Hence, @entity3144 serum levels of @entity470 and @entity1722 are not considered to be valuable @entity5 markers in @entity213 .

title: Serum level and tissue expression of c- @entity470 -1 and @entity1722 proto-oncogene products in XXXX with @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['ECD', 'extracellular receptor domains']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to 60% of @entity1163 remain unexplained. We report the results of a standardized, stepwise evaluation of @entity1 referred to an ambulatory clinic for unexplained @entity1163 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 939 consecutive @entity1 referred for unexplained @entity1163 , who underwent a standardized evaluation, including history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, @entity135 ( @entity135 ), carotid sinus massage (CSM) and hyperventilation testing (HYV). Echocardiogram and stress test were performed when underlying @entity299 was initially suspected. Electrophysiological study (EPS) and implantable loop recorder (ILR) were used only in @entity1 with underlying structural @entity299 or major unexplained @entity1163 . We identified a cause of @entity1163 in 66% of @entity1 , including 27% vasovagal, 14% psychogenic, 6% @entity943 , and 6% @entity551 . Noninvasive testing identified 92% and invasive testing an additional 8% of the causes. @entity135 yielded 38%, CSM 28%, HYV 49%, EPS 22%, and ILR 56% of diagnoses. On average, @entity1 with arrhythmic causes were older, had a lower functional capacity, longer P-wave duration, and presented with fewer prodromes than @entity1 with @entity907 . CONCLUSIONS: A standardized stepwise evaluation emphasizing noninvasive tests yielded 2/3 of causes in @entity1 referred to an ambulatory clinic for unexplained @entity1163 . Neurally mediated and psychogenic mechanisms were behind >50% of episodes, while @entity943 were uncommon. Sudden @entity1163 , particularly in older @entity1 with functional limitations or a prolonged P-wave, suggests an arrhythmic cause.

title: Stepwise evaluation of unexplained XXXX in a large ambulatory population.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HUTT', 'head-up tilt testing']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal or psychogenic syncope']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'syncopal episodes']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: We assessed the effect on blood pressure of administration of slow-release @entity594 tablets (20 mg) by continuous intraarterial blood pressure monitoring (Oxford system) in 10 @entity1 with untreated essential @entity101 . Blood pressure was recorded under control conditions and during @entity594 therapy. During each monitoring period @entity1 were instructed to perform various types of exercise. The initial dose of @entity594 was 20 mg twice a day (8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.). For @entity1 in whom arterial pressure control was not achieved, the dose of the drug was increased at weekly intervals, first to 40 mg in the morning and 20 mg at night and then to 40 mg twice a day. The average daily dose was 52 mg. @entity594 twice a day significantly reduced @entity551 both during the day and during the night. The rise in blood pressure due to dynamic or isometric exercise or to mental testing was blunted. Heart rate did not change. @entity551 was not observed, and there were only minor side effects, which did not require withdrawal of the @entity1 from the trial. Bioavailability of @entity594 from this preparation was satisfactory, as shown by plasma concentrations which remained constantly in the therapeutic range. Thus, slow-release @entity594 given twice a day represents an effective treatment in @entity1 with essential arterial @entity101 . The reduced frequency of administration required may improve @entity1 compliance with this treatment.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of slow-release @entity594 in systemic XXXX by ambulatory intraarterial blood pressure monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Orthostatic hypotension', 'systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Utilizing the microphthalamic @entity19 , (mi/mi) as a model of @entity2525 , @entity3875 ( @entity3875 ) was administered prenatally and postnatally to study its effects on tooth development and subsequent @entity203 . It has previously been reported that @entity3875 crosses the placental barrier and is absorbed into mammary gland milk. Fifteen heterozygotes (+/mi) were used as breeders. There were three study groups: A) 5.0 ng/gm @entity52099 ; B) 2.5 ng/gm @entity52099 ; and C) no therapy. Intraperitoneal injections were administered three times per week, beginning when pregnancy was evident, and continuing for 4 additional weeks during lactation. Approximately half of the 59 offspring were sacrificed at age 1 day and the other half at 4 weeks. The former group was studied for crown development, and the latter group was studied for root development and @entity203 . When the osteopetrotic offspring of group A were compared with osteopetrotic offspring of group C, crown development and tooth @entity203 were substantially more advanced. Parameters examined were maturity of the ameloblasts and odontoblasts, dentin and enamel formation, root sheath development, status of @entity203 , and degree of apex closure. It was concluded that @entity52099 significantly improves tooth development and subsequent @entity203 in the osteopetrotic @entity19 . A @entity74 has had its phenotype modified by vitamin therapy during gestation.

title: Improvement of dental development in osteopetrotic XXXX by maternal @entity52099 administration.

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol', 'vitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption']

entities_list: @entity52099 :: ('MESH:C026415', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol sulfate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In @entity583 and @entity1526 , some physiopathological aspects are common: cardiomyocyte loss due to @entity63 leads to a reduction of contractility and heart function. Different cells have been proposed for cellular cardiomioplasty. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the method of co-culture of skeletal muscle (SM) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for cell therapy of @entity712 in @entity1526 ( @entity1526 ) and @entity1562 ( @entity1562 ). METHODS: For @entity1562 , 39 @entity35 completed the study at 1 month. Seventeen @entity35 received cell therapy into the scar and 22 @entity35 only medium. For @entity1526 , 15 @entity35 completed the study at 1 month including 7 that received cell therapy and eight followed the natural evolution. All animals underwent ecocardiographic analysis at baseline and 1 month. Left ventricular, ejection fraction, end systolic, and end dyastolic volume were registered and analyzed by ANOVA. The co-culture method of SM and MSC was performed at 14 days (DMEM, with 15% FCS, 1% antibiotic, @entity2135 , @entity619 ). Standard stain analysis was performed. RESULTS: For @entity1562 ejection fraction in the animals that received the co-cultured cells increased from 23.52+/-8.67 to 31.45+/-8.87 (P=.006) versus the results in the control group: 26.68+/-6.92 to 22.32+/-6.94 (P=.004). For @entity1526 , ejection fraction in animals that received the co-cultured cells increased from 31.10+/-5.78 to 53.37+/-5.84 (P<.001) versus the control group values of 36.21+/-3.70 to 38.19+/-7.03 (P=0.426). Histopathological analysis of the animals receiving co-cultured cells demonstrated the presence of myogenesis and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION: The results validated the product of SM and MSC co-cultures for treatment of diseases.

title: Cell transplantation after the coculture of skeletal myoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells in the regeneration of the myocardium scar: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Chagas's disease"]

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'myocardium postinfarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity3068 is an infectious disease that is not easily amenable to classical control methods such as treatment and vaccination. Experimental animal models suggest that there could be genetic factors responsible for susceptibility or resistance to infection with the causative agent, @entity3069 . @entity3068 . The aim of this study was to estimate genetic variation in susceptibility to @entity3068 in Dutch dairy @entity291 . Data collected during a vaccination trial, conducted from 1984 to 1994, was used. A total of 3020 @entity291 , with complete pedigree records and infection status at slaughter, were available for analysis. A standard polygenic statistical probit model was used to estimate heritabilities. The estimated heritability of susceptibility to @entity3069 . @entity281 was 0.06 for the overall population. In the subpopulation of vaccinated animals the estimated heritability was 0.09. Other calculations based on the model used in this study argue against a prominent role for vertical transmission. Because the establishment of genetic variation is one of the first steps towards the exploration of the possible use of selection for genetic improvement, the present study provides evidence for the presence of genetic variation in the susceptibility of @entity291 to @entity3068 . Because the economic impact of the disease is substantial, the development and application of genetic tools, along with other control methods, could be instrumental in the eradication of @entity3068 .

title: Genetic variation of susceptibility to @entity3069 . @entity281 in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['Paratuberculosis', 'paratuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['M. avium. subsp', 'Mycobacterium avium subsp']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Little is known about African American @entity1 's collection of family health history ( @entity1631 ) information and use of @entity1631 tools. Most @entity1631 research has investigated tools that use a biomedical paradigm, but other kinds of tools, such as those that include information about family social context, have been developed for use in diverse populations. Using mixed methods, we interviewed 32 African American @entity1 about behavioral steps to collecting @entity1631 , family communication about health, and reactions to a biomedical @entity1631 tool. @entity1 chose one of two @entity1631 tools to take home. A follow-up call three weeks later assessed tool use. Many @entity1 expressed support for writing down @entity1631 information, but at baseline few had done so; most @entity1 who had collected @entity1631 information had done so verbally. @entity1 reacted positively to the biomedical @entity1631 tool used during the interview, with many saying it allowed them to see patterns in their @entity1631 . At follow-up, 67  % reported using their @entity1631 tool, primarily to promote discussion among family members; only 32  % used the tool to write down @entity1631 information. Although @entity1 thought collecting @entity1631 information was important and had positive reactions to both tools, the majority did not use the tools to write down information and instead collected @entity1631 informally. These findings underline the importance of separating the components of @entity1631 collection behaviors to analyze the steps used in @entity1631 creation. Practitioners should consider additional methods of encouraging @entity1 to create written FHHs in order to share the information with health care providers.

title: "You don't have to keep everything on paper": African American XXXX 's use of family health history tools.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity12557 ( @entity12558 ), a naturally occurring constituent of airway lining fluid, enhances ciliary motility, relaxes airway smooth muscle, inhibits airway epithelial @entity6478 -sensitive sodium transport, and prevents pathogen replication. Remarkably, airway levels of @entity12558 are low in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). We hypothesized that replacement of airway @entity12558 would improve gas exchange in @entity1577 . In a double-blind, placebo controlled study, we administered 0.05 ml/kg of 10 mM @entity12558 or @entity1391 buffered saline by aerosol to @entity1 with @entity1577 and followed @entity26 saturation, spirometry, respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, and expired @entity842 (NO). Nine @entity1 received @entity12558 and 11 placebo. @entity12558 inhalation was associated with a modest but sustained increase in @entity26 saturation at all time points. Expired NO increased in the low ppb range with @entity12558 treatment, peaking at 5 minutes but remaining above baseline at 30 minutes. There were no adverse effects. We conclude that @entity12558 is well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1577 and improves oxygenation through a mechanism that may be independent of free NO. Further, @entity12558 breakdown increases expired NO. We suggest that therapy aimed at restoring endogenous @entity12558 levels in the @entity1577 airway may merit study.

title: Acute effects of aerosolized XXXX in @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity12557 :: (MESH:D026422,Chemical) :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']


abstract: @entity2348 of the @entity19 urinary tract is followed by the recruitment of leukocytes to the mucosal surface. This study examined the bacterial components involved in the induction of this response. @entity526 of serotype O75:K5:H- expressing adhesins specific for the Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta- ( @entity19447 , @entity3649 ) and @entity3913 -containing receptors were instilled into the urinary bladder of lipopolysaccharide responder (C3H/ @entity5817 ) and lipopolysaccharide nonresponder (C3H/HeJ) @entity19 . The @entity32 was quantitated as the number of leukocytes excreted into the urine at various times after @entity281 . The response was first shown to depend on the Lps genotype of the @entity19 . The leukocyte excretion that occurred within 24 h after @entity281 of C3H/HeN @entity19 was absent in C3H/HeJ @entity19 . The components triggering the response were present on both live and @entity406 -killed bacterial cells, and the response was mimicked by intravesical inoculation of isolated lipid A. Pretreatment of bacteria with soluble receptor oligosaccharides resulted in inhibition of attachment in vitro and of the @entity32 in vivo. A direct synergy between adhesins specific for Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta receptors and lipid A was demonstrated. Mixtures of these components induced a leukocyte response higher than the sum of the responses to each component alone. These results suggest that the @entity32 induced by gram-negative bacteria in the urinary tract can be triggered at the level of the epithelial cells by endotoxin presented by an attaching bacterial cell and that intact function at the Lps locus of the host is required for this to occur.

title: Induction of @entity32 by XXXX on the mucosal level: requirement for adherence and endotoxin.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: We have observed hepatopathy, associated with @entity882 , in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy for @entity3969 . We have studied this @entity882 ( @entity882 ) in @entity1 enrolled in the United Kingdom Childrens' @entity5 Study Group (UKCCSG) @entity3969 trials (UKW1 and UKW2). At the time of this study, 501 @entity1 had completed therapy. Treatment flow sheets were examined for evidence of hepatopathy ( @entity382 with @entity409 tests) and severe @entity882 (platelet count less than 25 x 10(9)/L). No @entity1 who developed the syndrome had received irradiation. @entity882 was seen in five of 355 (1.4%) of @entity1 treated with combination chemotherapy but in none of the 146 @entity1 treated with @entity1891 alone. In each instance, the onset was less than 10 weeks after diagnosis. In two @entity1 , hepatopathy was severe with @entity1087 , @entity843 , transaminases greater than 1,000 IU/L, and prolongation of prothrombin time. On average, @entity882 lasted 12 days, and resolved with supportive treatment. After recovery, the @entity1 tolerated chemotherapy, mostly at reduced dosage, without recurrence. There was no evident long-term morbidity. @entity4316 is the probable cause of this syndrome. We conclude that the @entity882 is a rare but important complication of @entity4316 -containing combination chemotherapy for @entity3969 . @entity1 developing "isolated" @entity882 following @entity4316 are "at risk" of developing the full-blown syndrome and should have their treatment modified accordingly.

title: XXXX --a complication of @entity4316 therapy for @entity3969 : a report from the United Kingdom Childrens @entity5 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['HTS', 'hepatopathy-thrombocytopenia syndrome', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Dactinomycin', 'dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['Hepatopathy-thrombocytopenia syndrome']


abstract: For lysogenization of @entity526 cells by @entity5999 , functions of three lambda genes called c are necessary. The cI gene codes for a repressor that blocks activities of lytic promoters. However, early after @entity281 , expression of cI is dependent on the function of the cII gene, coding for a specific transcriptional activator. The cII protein is unstable in @entity526 cells due to FtsH-mediated proteolysis. The cIII gene product is an inhibitor of the FtsH protease. Here we demonstrate that cIII may have another function apart from inhibition of cII degradation. We found that overexpression of the cII gene results in impaired lysogenization by @entity5999 , however simultaneous overexpression of the cIII gene abolished this negative effect on lysogenization. Analysis of cII-mediated transcriptional activation of certain promoters at different levels of cII and cIII proteins in cells confirmed that observed effects cannot be explained assuming that the only role of cIII is inhibition of FtsH-mediated degradation of cII. We propose that cIII has an additional role apart from its well-known function in indirect stabilization of cII. Apparently, cIII influences not only cII level but also activity of this transcriptional stimulator, especially at its high concentrations.

title: XXXX cIII gene product has an additional function apart from inhibition of cII degradation.

entities_list: @entity5999 :: ('10710', 'Species') :: ['phage lambda', 'bacteriophage lambda']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity5999 :: (10710,Species) :: ['Bacteriophage lambda']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many prospective @entity356 ( @entity356 ) surgery @entity1 ultimately do not undergo the procedure. We analyzed the reasons @entity1 did not undergo @entity356 surgery. METHODS: All prospective @entity356 @entity1 at our institution are required to attend an informational seminar. Our multidisciplinary team then evaluates each @entity1 's suitability for surgery. The medical records of all @entity1 evaluated at our institution from 2001 through 2005 were retrospectively reviewed for age, body mass index, gender, co-morbidities, initial evaluation date, and, if applicable, the reasons for not undergoing surgery. The Mantel-Haenszel test was used to test for trends over time. RESULTS: Of the 1054 @entity1 evaluated, 515 (48.8%) underwent @entity356 at our institution. The percentage of @entity1 did not differ significantly between the @entity356 and non- @entity356 groups (82.3% and 78.5%, respectively; P = .116), nor was the difference in mean body mass index significant (48 kg/m(2) versus 49 kg/m(2); P = .074). From 2001 to 2005, the percentage of prospective @entity1 not undergoing @entity356 increased from 36.6% to 53.7% (P = .001). The percentage of @entity1 not undergoing @entity356 because of insurance denials or unattainable coverage prerequisites increased from 9.9% in 2001 to 19.9% in 2005 (P = .012). CONCLUSION: The most common reasons @entity1 did not undergo @entity356 surgery were insurance denial and unattainable coverage prerequisites. Also, the percentage of prospective @entity356 @entity1 who did not undergo surgery because of denial or unattainable coverage prerequisites increased over time.

title: Refusals, denials, and XXXX choice: reasons prospective @entity1 do not undergo bariatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic gastric bypass', 'LGB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECT: Endovascular treatment of very small @entity439 poses a significant technical challenge for endovascular therapists. The authors review their experience with a series of @entity1 who had @entity438 smaller than 3 mm in diameter. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2006, 97 very small @entity439 (defined for purposes of this study as < 3 mm in diameter) were diagnosed in 94 @entity1 who were subsequently referred for endovascular treatment. All @entity1 presented after @entity510 , which was attributed to the very small @entity439 in 85 @entity1 . The authors reviewed the endovascular treatment, the clinical and angiographic results of the embolization, and the complications. RESULTS: Five (5.2%) of the 97 endovascular procedures failed, and these @entity1 underwent craniotomy and clip ligation. Of the 92 @entity439 successfully treated by coil embolization, 64 (69.6%) were completely occluded and 28 (30.4%) showed minor residual filling or neck remnants on the immediate postembolization angiogram. Complications occurred in 7 (7.2%) of 97 procedures during the treatment (3 @entity1031 events [3.1%] and 4 intraprocedural ruptures [4.1%]). Seventy-six @entity1 were followed up angiographically; 4 (5.3%) of these 76 showed angiographic evidence of recanalization that required retreatment. The clinical outcomes for the 76 @entity1 were also graded using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. In 61 (80.3%) cases the outcomes were graded 4 or 5, whereas in 15 (19.7%) they were graded 3. Seven @entity1 (7.4%) died (GOS Grade 1), 2 due to procedure-related complications ( @entity397 ) and 5 due to complications related to the presenting @entity510 . CONCLUSIONS: Endosaccular coil embolization of very small @entity439 is associated with relatively high rates of intraprocedural @entity397 , especially @entity397 . With the advent of more sophisticated endovascular materials (microcatheters and microguidewires, soft and ultrasoft coils, and stents) endovascular procedures have become feasible and can lead to a good angiographic outcome.

title: Endovascular treatment of very small XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'intraoperative rupture']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Results are presented from 12 @entity1 of both sexes, whose ages range from 34 to 65 years, observed over a period of 16 months and receiving @entity5897 treatment for South-American @entity17101 . Ten of them were being treated for the first time and the remaining 2 presented relapses after treatment with other chemotherapeutic agents. The @entity75 were localized in skin, mucosa, lung and lymphatics. The drug was administered orally, at a dosage of 1 g three times daily. One relapsing @entity1 had his first daily oral dose replaced by an intravenous dose of 200 mg of @entity5897 diluted in 250 ml of @entity413 solution during the initial four weeks. The criterion for diagnosis was finding of the fungus in sputum and/or in the material collected through scrapings or biopsy of the lesions. All @entity1 were treated in hospital until the cure was apparent, clinical examinations being conducted weekly and bi-weekly. Bi-weekly laboratory examinations were performed to evaluate the @entity1 's tolerance to the drug. All treated @entity1 presented complete healing of @entity75 (mean time: 4 weeks) and involution of lymphatic and pulmonary features (mean time: 4 months). Two of them still presented palpable lymphatics after 5 months of treatment, in spite of the cure of mucosal and @entity358 . Monitoring the progress of the cured @entity1 was and is being carried out quarterly. Currently, this observation period ranges from three to 15 months. Nine @entity1 are still returning and none have shown the reappearance of @entity75 . @entity294 was the only side-effect observed after a period of therapy, but it was easily controlled by specific medication ( @entity4563 , pectin, _c.). In a single case the treatment was interrupted because of this symptom.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of South American XXXX (paracoccidioidomycosis) with @entity5897 by the oral route: an on-going study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['blastomycotic lesions', 'cutaneomucous lesions', 'mycotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity17101 :: ('MESH:D001759', 'Disease') :: ['blastomycosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity17101 :: (MESH:D001759,Disease) :: ['blastomycosis']


abstract: Animals with spontaneous mutations affecting myelin formation have provided useful information about the genetic and cellular mechanisms regulating normal and abnormal myelination. In this paper we describe a novel @entity19 mutation termed @entity55329 (hsh), which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Affected @entity19 are characterised by a variable @entity400 of the hind end which commences at about 2 weeks of age and largely disappears in animals older than 6 weeks. There is @entity17 affecting predominantly the spinal cord, although the optic nerves and brain are involved to a much lesser degree. The defect of thinly myelinated and naked axons is maximal at 20 days of age and largely resolves with time so that in the adult most axons are myelinated. The myelin structure appears normal and immunostains for the major proteins. Although the distribution of oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord is similar to normal during the period of @entity17 , there are fewer mature cells. The hsh mutation appears to delay the maturation of oligodendrocytes, particularly in the spinal cord. Additionally, there is a considerable variation in phenotypic expression and in penetrance when the mutation is expressed on different genetic backgrounds, suggesting the hsh locus is subject to the influence of modifying gene(s). Identification of the hsh gene should identify a factor important in the development of oligodendrocytes, particularly those in the spinal cord.

title: XXXX , a novel myelin mutant showing @entity17 preferentially affecting the spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['hypomyelination']

answer: @entity55329 :: (15501(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Hindshaker']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical, biological, and imaging features and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity883 ( @entity883 ). METHODS: This retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity883 was carried out in 2 departments of rheumatology from 1990 through 2002. Comparison was made with cases of @entity1512 ( @entity1512 ) seen during the same period, excluding postoperative cases. RESULTS: Fifty cases of @entity883 were reviewed and compared with 86 cases of @entity1512 . The main finding was a higher frequency of concomitant @entity884 in @entity1 with @entity883 (11/42 vs 1/37; p = 0.009). Evidence of @entity32 , imaging features, and @entity16 at admission appeared to be less severe in @entity883 , but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Duration of treatment was shorter in @entity883 than in @entity1512 (105 +/- 26 days vs 130 +/- 49 days; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the high incidence of @entity884 (26%) during @entity883 . Clinicians must look for predisposing factors and clinical abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity1512 whenever a streptococcal or enterococcal agent is identified. Echocardiography should be performed as routine in such situations.

title: Streptococcal and @entity1512 (vertebral osteomyelitis). High incidence of XXXX in 50 cases.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal and enterococcal spondylodiscitis', 'SESD']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['SSD', 'staphylococcal spondylodiscitis', 'spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is characterised by a progressive @entity998 (CO) and @entity712 . @entity998   ( @entity998 ) is a bioreactance-based technology that has been broadly validated, but its specific application in @entity712 and @entity120 is unknown. Cardiac catheterisation was performed in 50 consecutive @entity1 with @entity120 . CO measurements were performed using three different methods (thermodilution, Fick and @entity998 ) at baseline and after vasodilator challenge. We compared the precision (coefficient of variation) and accuracy of @entity998 compared to thermodilution and Fick. The mean CO (L  min(-1)) at baseline as measured by the three methods was 4.73  1.15 ( @entity998 ), 5.69  1.74 (thermodilution) and 4.84  1.39 (Fick). CO measured by @entity998 was more precise than by thermodilution (3.5  0.3% versus 9.6  6.1%, p<0.001). Bland-Altman analyses comparing @entity998 to thermodilution and Fick revealed bias and 95% limits of agreement that were comparable to those comparing Fick to thermodilution. All three CO methods detected an increase in CO in response to vasodilator challenge. CO measured via @entity998 is precise and reliably measures CO at rest and changes in CO with vasodilator challenge in @entity1 with @entity120 . @entity998 may allow for the noninvasive haemodynamic assessment of @entity1 with @entity120 and their response to therapy.

title: Noninvasive cardiac output measurements in XXXX with @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['noninvasive cardiac output monitor', 'NICOM', 'decline in cardiac output']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Thirty-two @entity4615 @entity1 who underwent @entity5 excision in Srinagarind Hospital between January 1, 1983 and January 30, 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical presentations, diagnostic method, operative findings, and postoperative course were also analysed. There were 20 female and 12 male @entity1 , age range 10 to 60 years (mean 37.9). Clinical presentations included @entity712 (56.2%), atypical @entity662 (25.0%), @entity1163 (18.9), and constitutional symptoms (9.3%). In six @entity1 , there was clinical evidence of systemic @entity887 . One @entity1 was essentially asymptomatic and incidentally detected during clinical check-up. Diagnosis was all made by two dimensional (2-D) echocardiographic study. There were 29 left atrial, 2 right atrial and 1 combined right atrial and right @entity67 . There were 3 postoperative deaths, two due to @entity295 and the other due to @entity999 . One @entity1 developed postoperative severe @entity339 and complete @entity616 needed mitral valve replacement and permanent pacemaker insertion. One @entity1 developed localized @entity410 6 years after resection and was suspected of brain @entity3 . The other was found to have two high echogenic liver masses, 2 years after resection, suggestive of hepatic @entity3 . Unfortunately, we could not obtain the histologic confirmation from any of those suspected lesions. Because of the non-specific and various manifestations of @entity4615 , a high index of suspicion is needed. The diagnostic method of choice is 2D-echocardiography. Clinical follow-up for at least 10 years may be needed to rule out recurrence or @entity3 .

title: XXXX : a review of clinical experience at Srinagarind Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac myxoma', 'atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular myxomas']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity4615 :: (MESH:C538262,Disease) :: ['Atrial myxoma']


abstract: Pancreatic @entity412 lipase ( @entity7386 ) requires @entity52747 for activity. Various constituents in meals and in bile, particularly @entity3645 , inhibit @entity7386 . @entity52747 restores activity to lipase in the presence of inhibitory substances like @entity3645 . Presumably, @entity52747 functions by anchoring and orienting @entity7386 at the oil-water interface. The x-ray structure of the @entity52747 . @entity7386 complex supports this model. In the x-ray structure, @entity52747 has a hydrophobic surface positioned to bind substrate and a hydrophilic surface, lying opposite the hydrophobic surface, with two putative lipase-binding domains, @entity367 (45)/ @entity2574 (89) and @entity367 (64)/ @entity534 (65). To determine whether the hydrophilic surface interacts with @entity7386 in solution, we introduced mutations into the putative @entity7386 binding domains of @entity1 @entity52747 . Each mutant was expressed, purified, and assessed for activity against various substrates. Most of the mutants showed impaired ability to reactivate @entity7386 , with mutations in the @entity367 (64)/ @entity534 (65) binding site causing the greatest effect. Analysis indicated that the mutations decreased the affinity of the @entity52747 mutants for @entity7386 and prevented the formation of @entity7386 . @entity52747 complexes. The impaired function of the mutants was most apparent when assayed in micellar @entity6741 solutions. Most mutants stimulated @entity7386 activity normally in monomeric @entity6741 solutions. We also tested the mutants for their ability to bind substrate and anchor lipase to @entity18039 . Even though the ability of the mutants to anchor @entity7386 to an interface decreased in proportion to their activity, each mutant @entity52747 bound to @entity18039 to the same extent as wild type @entity52747 . These results demonstrate that the hydrophilic surface of @entity52747 interacts with @entity7386 in solution to form active @entity52747 . @entity7386 complexes, that @entity6741 micelles influence that binding, and that the proper interaction of @entity52747 with @entity7386 requires the @entity367 (64)/ @entity534 (65) binding site.

title: @entity52747 residues @entity367 64 and @entity534 65 are essential for normal lipase-mediated fat digestion in the presence of XXXX micelles.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity18039 :: ('MESH:C005830', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyrin']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile salt']