abstract: It remains controversial whether the harmful effects of @entity1534 (Hp) and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are additive. We studied the effects of Hp (virulent and nonvirulent strains) and NSAIDs, alone or in combination, on apoptosis and proliferation of gastric epithelial cells in nonulcer @entity2210 (NUD) @entity1 . Forty-four (25 Hp-positive and 19 Hp-negative) consecutive Chinese NUD @entity1 with @entity309 who had taken continuously NSAIDs for more than three months were recruited for this study. Another 41 (20 Hp-positive and 21 Hp-negative) NUD @entity1 not on any NSAIDs were included as controls. All @entity1 underwent a gastroscopy examination and gastric biopsies. @entity13639 was confirmed by CLOtest, anti-Hp ELISA, and @entity19018 breath test. The @entity2757 status was determined by the anti- @entity2757 antibody assay. The degree of @entity3621 , apoptosis, and proliferation indices were determined with H_E staining, terminal @entity6683 deoxynucleotidyl nick end-labeling (TUNEL), and @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) immunostaining methods, respectively. A significantly higher apoptosis was observed in subjects who had @entity13639 or had been consuming NSAIDs when compared with the controls. Unlike NSAID-treated subjects, @entity1 with @entity13639 were shown to have significantly enhanced cell proliferation. However, the increased apoptosis and proliferation in Hp-positive subjects were reversed by also taking NSAIDs. No correlation was found between apoptosis and proliferation in all the study groups. There was no association found between @entity2757 expression or degree of @entity3621 with cell proliferation or apoptosis. It was demonstrated at the cellular level that NSAIDs could abrogate apoptosis or proliferation effects induced by Hp. Furthermore, the latter effects appeared not to be influenced by the virulent nature of the Hp strains.

title: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs could reverse XXXX -induced apoptosis and proliferation in gastric epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity13639 :: ('MESH:D016481', 'Disease') :: ['Hp infection']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: Between January 1993 and December 1996, 21 @entity1 with advanced @entity5 were entered in a dose-escalating study of high-dose sequential chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. The diagnoses included @entity521 ( @entity521 ) for 13 @entity1 ; @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) for six @entity1 and @entity421 for two @entity1 . Nine @entity1 received therapy as consolidation for primary @entity3 , and 12 @entity1 had had previous relapses. Treatment consisted of CY given i.v. at a dose of 7 g/m2 on day 1, followed by @entity1261 until myeloid recovery. After 3 weeks of rest, all @entity1 were given thiotepa i.v. on days 22-24. The total dose of thiotepa was 450 mg/m2 in three @entity1 , 600 mg/m2 in six @entity1 , and 750 mg/m2 in 12 @entity1 . Melphalan was given i.v. at a dose of 180 mg/m2 i.v. on day 27 followed by stem cell infusion on day 28. Major toxic reactions included @entity3136 , @entity2910 , @entity294 and @entity1909 . Three @entity1 died of treatment-related complications. Twelve @entity1 have had a relapse. Six @entity1 (five with @entity521 and one with @entity2828 ) are alive in continuous remission 5-50 months (median 36) after transplantation. The results of this study show that it is feasible to administer high-dose sequential chemotherapy to @entity1 with advanced @entity5 .

title: High-dose sequential chemotherapy and autologous stem cell reinfusion in advanced pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['ES', "Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['solid tumors']


abstract: This study was performed to evaluate @entity5 control and @entity137 of chemoradiotherapy given to @entity1 with @entity189 of the anal canal. A total of 117 @entity1 were admitted to the Norwegian Radium Hospital during the period of 1983-1989, of which 106 received a combination of radiotherapy (50 Gy to the pelvis) and chemotherapy ( @entity1138 + @entity1487 ). Sixty-five percent of the @entity1 with primary @entity189 presented with advanced @entity5 (T3 or T4). Good @entity5 control was obtained as only 25% of the @entity1 with advanced @entity5 (T3 and T4) and 7% of those with @entity5 (T1 and T2) had a local relapse after treatment. Recurrent @entity5 following primary surgery did not respond as well; 50% of these @entity1 still had @entity189 1 month following therapy. All @entity1 experienced acute @entity137 ( @entity1909 / @entity33 , @entity294 and general fatigue), and 50% needed as split course. There was, however, no therapy-related mortality. Survival data seem promising, but further follow-up is necessary to make conclusions. Eight percent of the @entity1 had serious anal insufficiency after treatment. We conclude that the present regimen provides good @entity5 control and well-preserved anal function, but has considerable acute @entity137 .

title: @entity189 : @entity5 response and acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour', 'smaller tumours', 'tumours', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'primary or recurrent carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: An analytical method has been developed that allows the simultaneous determination of five @entity47136 (BTRs), four @entity47137 (BTs) and five @entity44193 (BSAs) derivates. The method is based on tandem solid-phase extraction (SPE) with Oasis HLB followed by a clean-up step with Florisil. The chromatographic analysis was performed in less than 15min and detection was carried out with a triple quadrupole mass analyser operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. A comparison was performed between Oasis HLB and Oasis MAX sorbents for the solid-phase extraction, with Oasis HLB being the sorbent that gave the highest recoveries, ranging between 75% and 106%, depending on the compound and the matrix analysed. The proposed clean-up with Florisil sorbent reduced the matrix effect to below 20%. The repeatability (%RSD, 50-3000ng/L, n=3) of the method was less than 15% for all of the compounds in all of the matrices. The limits of detection (LODs) achieved ranged from 1ng/L for @entity26182 in river water up to 100ng/L for BT in influent sewage. All of the compounds were determined in environmental waters such as river water and sewage. The highest concentrations determined corresponded to influent sewage samples in which the sum of concentrations for all compounds were between 4.6 g/L and 8.0 g/L. These concentrations were slightly reduced in secondary effluent and tertiary effluent sewage. Moreover, samples from tertiary effluent sewage based on ultra-filtration membrane treatments were also analysed and preliminary results seem to indicate that these treatments may be most effective for removing @entity26182 , BT and BSA derivates.

title: Efficient tandem solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method to determine polar @entity47136 , XXXX and @entity44193 contaminants in environmental water samples.

entities_list: @entity47136 :: ('MESH:C012771', 'Chemical') :: ['benzotriazole']

entities_list: @entity47137 :: ('MESH:C005465', 'Chemical') :: ['benzothiazole']

entities_list: @entity44193 :: ('MESH:C038198', 'Chemical') :: ['benzenesulfonamide']

answer: @entity47137 :: (MESH:C005465,Chemical) :: ['benzothiazole']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgery for @entity674 ( @entity674 ) of the stomach is now frequently performed using a laparoscopic approach. We investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of laparoscopy in the management of @entity674 . METHODS: We reviewed the records of 12 consecutive @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery for @entity674 between April 2000 and April 2004, and compared their short-term outcomes with those of @entity1 who underwent open surgery. All laparoscopic wedge resections were done using stapling devices and 3-4 trocars, often with the aid of intraoperative gastroscopy. We examined all @entity1 preoperatively using various diagnostic modalities, including endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). A laparoscopic approach was not indicated if the @entity5 was located near the cardia or pylorus or if it was >=5 cm in diameter. RESULTS: A specific diagnosis of @entity674 was obtained preoperatively by EUS-FNA in 10 of the 12 @entity1 . The median diameter of the lesion was 2.7 cm (range, 1.5-4.8 cm). Although @entity3816 were encountered in two @entity1 , conversion to open surgery was not required, and we were able to perform complete @entity5 excision with negative surgical margins in all @entity1 . The median operative time was 100 min (range, 65-180 min), similar to that for open surgery. First flatus was passed earlier, and the interval to resuming oral intake was shorter than after open surgery. No major @entity260 such as leakage developed, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (range, 5-12 days). All diagnoses made by EUS-FNA were confirmed by immunohisto-pathological evaluation of resected specimens. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic wedge resection is a feasible treatment option for GISTs of the stomach if the lesion is <5 cm in diameter.

title: Laparoscopic wedge resection for XXXX of the stomach: initial experience.

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST of the stomach', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: @entity1 with left-sided neglect frequently show repetitive behaviour on the ipsilesional side, such as re-markings on cancellation tasks or extensive elaboration on drawings. It is unclear whether these perseverative responses occur as a symptom of hemi-neglect or inattention in general, and/or whether they are related to anatomical brain correlates such as lesion location, lesion side or volume. In a first study, we examined the prevalence and neuropsychological correlates of perseverative responses in 206 subacute @entity64 @entity1 and 63 healthy controls. Perseverative responses were considered present when there was at least one re-marking on the Star Cancellation, and both the degree and spatial distribution of re-markings were examined. A distinction was made between hemi-neglect and non-lateralized inattention. @entity2414 were assessed with the Corsi Block Span and the Digit Span. Verbal and non-verbal executive function was assessed with the Visual Elevator and Letter Fluency. @entity64 @entity1 without inattention demonstrated re-markings that were related to executive performance, and the degree of perseveration was equally distributed across the sheet. Hemi-neglect @entity1 but not @entity1 with generalized inattention demonstrated more re-markings than controls, suggesting that a lateralized spatial attention bias triggers the perseverative responses. @entity1 with left and right hemi-neglect showed the same prevalence of perseveration, but the distribution of re-markings was more lateralized towards the ipsilesional side in @entity1 with right-hemispheric @entity64 . The degree of perseveration in @entity1 with hemi-neglect was related to the severity of the neglect. The goal of the second study on a subset of @entity1 (n = 127) was to determine the neuroanatomical correlates of perseverative responses in the early phase of @entity64 . Lesion anatomy was administered by indicating involvement of frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobe, caudate nucleus, lenticular nucleus and/or thalamus. Lesion volume was calculated using a manual tracing technique. Lesion analyses indicated that perseverative behaviour is strongly associated with lesions involving the caudate nucleus or the lenticular nucleus, independent of lesion volume. The caudate nucleus was an important correlate of perseveration independent of the presence of hemi-neglect. No association was found between lesion side and perseverative responses, in contrast to previous studies. In conclusion, a @entity64 involving the basal ganglia and the presence of (left- or right-sided) hemi-neglect are two important associates of perseverative responses in the subacute phase of @entity64 .

title: Neuropsychological and neuroanatomical correlates of perseverative responses in subacute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Spatial and verbal working memory']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of different admission blood @entity413 levels for short-term mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHOD: An observational analysis of 7446 Chinese @entity583 @entity1 from a global randomized controlled trials were recruited within 12 hours of symptom onset. According to the levels of admission @entity413 , these @entity1 were divided into six groups, admission @entity413 < 4.50 mmol/L was defined as the @entity4053 group; @entity413 of 4.5 - 5.5 mmol/L a control; 5.6 - 7.0 mmol/L, 7.1 - 8.5 mmol/L (mild @entity4854 group) and 8.6 - 11.0 mmol/L (moderate @entity4854 group); @entity413 > 11.0 mmol/L was the severe @entity4854 group. The 30-day mortality was analyzed. RESULT: Compared with the @entity413 of 4.5 - 5.5 mmol/L group, thirty-day mortality increased in @entity1 with @entity4053 (10.2%, P < 0.05), mild and moderate @entity4854 (9.2%, P = 0.01; 11.6%, P < 0.01, respectively) and severe @entity4854 (18.6%, P < 0.01). The highest mortality occurred in the severe @entity4854 group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, as compared with @entity413 of 4.5 - 5.5 mmol/L, the mild and the moderate @entity4854 groups had a mortality increasing of 46% (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03 - 2.07, P = 0.01) and 58% fold (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.13 - 2.22 P = 0.02) respectively; the severe @entity4854 group had a risk of death of 2.26 folds (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.62 - 3.14, P = 0.05). Mild, moderate and severe @entity4854 were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION: The 30-day mortality was higher in @entity583 @entity1 with mild, moderate and severe @entity4854 at admission. Admission blood @entity413 level is an important factor associated with a short-term.

title: [Effect of admission blood @entity413 levels on the short term mortality in XXXX with acute ST-segment elevation @entity583 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Across species @entity28 is associated with several disorders but in companion animals little information is available on the impact of chronic @entity28 on immune competence. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether @entity1017 and stable @entity28 bodyweight affects the immune cell response. @entity28 was induced in eight adult healthy @entity235 ( @entity1017 group; WGG) by a @entity1017 period (WGP) of 47 weeks, which was immediately followed by a period (stable period: SP) of stable @entity28 of 26 weeks. Eight adult healthy @entity235 were included as a control group (CG) and remained at their ideal bodyweight throughout the entire study. Body composition was measured at five intervening time-points. Concentration of serum leptin and inflammatory cytokines, functionality of lymphocytes and phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes were evaluated at ten intervening time-points. Serum leptin concentration was rising during the WGP in the WGG but went to lower concentrations during the SP. At the end of long-term @entity1017 , a decreased mitogen-induced proliferation of T-lymphocytes was noted but this alteration seemed to be transient after stabilization of bodyweight. This finding may imply an altered immune response for @entity235 with different energy balances. However, no systemic low grade @entity32 or alteration in other immune cell functions was observed. Consequently it is suggested that the change in energy balance during the onset of @entity28 (becoming @entity28 versus being @entity28 ), evokes an additional @entity28 in @entity235 , i.e. impaired T-lymphocyte immune function.

title: Proliferation capacity of T-lymphocytes is affected transiently after a long-term XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity', 'obesity-related disorder']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As demand for @entity5 treatment grows, and newer, more expensive drugs become available, public payers in Canada are finding it increasingly difficult to fund the full range of available @entity5 drugs. OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of private drug coverage for supportive @entity5 treatments in Saskatchewan, preparatory to exploring the potential for cost-sharing. METHODS: @entity1 who presented for chemotherapy and who provided informed consent for participation were surveyed regarding their access to private insurance. Insurers were contacted to verify @entity1 ' level of coverage for supportive @entity5 medications. Groups with specified types of insurance were compared statistically in terms of age, income bracket, time required to assess insurance status, and amount of deductible. Logistic regression was used to determine the effect of @entity1 ' age and income on the probability of having insurance. RESULTS: Of 169 @entity1 approached to participate, 156 provided consent and completed the survey. Their mean age was 58.5 years. About two-fifths of all @entity1 (64 or 41%) were in the lowest income bracket (up to  30 000). Sixty-three (40%) of the @entity1 had private insurance for drugs, and 36 (57%) of these plans included reimbursement for supportive @entity5 medications. A deductible was in effect in 31 (49%) of the plans, a copayment in 28 (44%), and a maximum payment in 8 (13%). Income over  50 000 was a significant predictor of access to drug insurance (p = 0.003), but age was not significantly related to insurance status. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of @entity5 @entity1 in this study had access to private insurance for supportive @entity5 drugs for which reimbursement is currently provided by the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency. Cost-sharing and optimal utilization of the multipayer environment might offer a greater opportunity for public payers to cover future innovative and supportive therapies for @entity5 , but further study is required to determine whether a cost-sharing program would be cost-effective and in the best interest of @entity1 .

title: Reimbursement for supportive XXXX medications through private insurance in Saskatchewan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Bacterial translocation from the intestine may cause severe @entity166 in a number of clinical situations, including the @entity5277 and after small bowel transplantation. The aim of the present study was to develop a simplified model for the study of bacterial translocation from a defunctionalized intestine. An ileal segment from untreated or @entity205 -treated @entity35 was exteriorized as a @entity6124 . After 1, 3. or 7 days, bacterial translocation and distribution of immunocompetent cells were assessed. The data obtained were compared with data from animals subjected to intestinal transplantation. Translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes was detected in 60% of the @entity6124 animals on day 1. in 100% on day 3, and in 83% on day 7: concomitantly, the number of macrophages and T-cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes increased from day I until day 7. The degree of bacterial translocation on days 3 and 7 in animals with a @entity6124 was comparable with that observed 7 days after intestinal transplantation. Furthermore, treatment with @entity205 enhanced the number of translocating bacteria. In the model presented here bacterial translocation occurs from the small bowel to the mesenteric lymph nodes. The model offers possibilities to study the mechanisms and immunological phenomena associated with microbial translocation.

title: Bacterial translocation from defunctionalized XXXX small bowel.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['Thiry-Vella loop']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective comparative study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors associated with @entity174 in @entity85 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Long segment lumbar fusions may lead to junctional failures. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with junctional failures. METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive @entity1 from 2001 to 2008 with minimum 4 levels fused, lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) of L5 or S1, upper instrumented vertebra of T10 or distal, and no previous surgery proximal to the instrumentation were retrospectively reviewed. We describe the UIV angle, the sagittal angle of the upper instrumented vertebra with the horizontal. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: group 1, 7 @entity1 with UIV @entity174 ; group 2, 6 @entity1 with other proximal failures; and group 3, 14 @entity1 with no proximal complications. RESULTS: The mean number of levels fused was 5.7 (4-7), 5.2 (4-8), and 6.2 (4-8); mean age was 64.1, 61.8, and 64.1, and mean body mass index was 33.5, 30.0, and 31.6 for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P > 0.05). Osteotomies were performed in 5 of 7 in group 1, 1 of 6 in group 2, and 5 of 14 in group 3. Mean follow-up was 26.3 months. The average intraoperative UIV angle (UIV0) and immediate postoperative UIV angle (UIV1) were 18.6  /15.4   for group 1, 5.7  /5.3   for group 2, and 10.3  /7.1   for group 3 (P < 0.05). Surgical revision rates were higher in group 1 (71%) compared with groups 2 (50%) and 3 (43%). Eight of 11 (73%) @entity1 with upper instrumented vertebra of L1 or L2 had either UIV @entity174 or other proximal failure compared with 5 of 16 (31%) in @entity1 with upper instrumented vertebra of T10, T11, or T12. CONCLUSION: Our series of @entity1162 had a high long-term complication and revision rate. A high UIV angle on intraoperative lateral radiograph was strongly associated with UIV @entity174 . UIVs of L1 or L2 had a higher rate of adjacent segment or UIV failure.

title: Upper instrumented XXXX in @entity1162 : what are the associated risk factors?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long lumbar fusions']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['adult lumbar deformity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'upper instrumented vertebral (UIV) fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When Achilles @entity397 become chronic, a defect often forms at the @entity397 site. There is scant literature regarding the treatment of chronic @entity397 with defects of 6 cm or larger. We examined outcomes from combining a turndown of the proximal, central Achilles with a @entity1795 treat this condition. MATERIALS: Between September 2002 and December 2013, 32 @entity1 presented with a chronic @entity397 and a defect of 6 cm or more. Twenty @entity1 were male and 12 were female. @entity1 age was between 20 and 74 years, with a mean of 53.3 years. Eighteen and 14 @entity1 had their right and left Achilles tendon affected, respectively. The number of days between injury and surgery ranged from 30 to 315 days, with a mean of 102 days. Reconstruction of the Achilles involved a turndown of the proximal, central tendon and @entity1795 augmentation. Final @entity1 follow-up ranged from 18 to 150 months, with a mean of 62.3 months. RESULTS: At surgery, the gap between the ruptured ends of the Achilles ranged from 6 to 12 cm, with a mean gap of 7.5 cm. Full healing was achieved in all 32 @entity1 (100%) by 5 months postoperatively. Mean Foot and Ankle Ability Measures scores increased from 36.3% to 90.2% between initial and latest follow-up (P < .05). Mean visual analogue scales of @entity158 decreased from 6.6 to 1.8 of 10 between first and last encounter (P < .05). @entity260 occurred in 5 @entity1 (15.6%), including 3 (9.4%) superficial wound problems, 1 (3.1%) deep wound @entity281 , and 1 (3.1%) deep vein @entity715 . DISCUSSION: Outcomes from treating chronic @entity397 with large defects are scant within the orthopaedic literature. Our method of Achilles reconstruction results in a high rate of improved function and @entity158 relief. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series.

title: Treatment of XXXX With Large Defects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles rupture', 'tendon ruptures', 'rupture', 'Achilles ruptures']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['FHL', 'flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer to']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Chronic Achilles Tendon Ruptures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Many clinical studies reported @entity585 -related @entity323 , but to date, few animal experiments have focused on it. AIM: To investigate the effects of oral @entity585 on erectile function in a @entity35 model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Erectile responses and morphological changes. METHODS: Adult, male @entity35 were divided into four groups (25/group): (i) control; (ii) castration; (iii) castration with @entity251 (T) replacement; and (iv) oral @entity585 treatment. Four weeks later, erectile function was measured by the ratio of intracavernosal pressure and mean arterial blood pressure upon electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Serum T and @entity586 ( @entity587 ) and intraprostatic @entity587 were measured. The weights and histopathological features of the penile corpus cavernosum and prostate were examined. RESULTS: Serum T and @entity587 and intraprostatic @entity587 concentrations, erectile function, and mean weights of the corpus cavernosum and prostate were lowest in group 2. There was no significant difference in the serum T concentration and erectile function between groups 4 and 1. However, the serum and intraprostatic @entity587 concentrations were significantly lower in group 4 than in group 1 (both P < 0.001). The tissue weights of the corpus cavernosum and prostate were reduced by 25.9% and 92.3% in group 4 compared with group 1 (both P < 0.001). Histopathology revealed a significant @entity194 of the prostate in groups 2 and 4. There was a significant decrease in the smooth muscle content in group 2, but not in groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity35 model, @entity585 treatment for 4 weeks reduces the weight of the corpus cavernosum but appears not to affect the erectile responses to electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. As erection is a complex process involving important signaling in the brain, further studies are necessary to demonstrate the long-term effects of @entity585 on both central and peripheral neural pathways of erection.

title: Effects of oral XXXX on erectile function in a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity585 :: (MESH:D018120,Chemical) :: ['finasteride']


abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning provides neuroprotection against subsequent cerebral @entity63 through activation of its receptor, @entity1990 ( @entity1990 ). Paradoxically, TLR activation by endogenous ligands after @entity63 worsens @entity64 . Here, we define a novel, protective role for TLRs after @entity63 in the context of LPS preconditioning. Microarray analysis of brains collected 24 h after @entity64 revealed a unique set of upregulated genes in LPS-pretreated animals. Promoter analysis of the unique gene set identified an overrepresentation of type I interferon (IFN)-associated transcriptional regulatory elements. This finding suggested the presence of type I IFNs or interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which upregulate interferon-stimulated genes. Upregulation of @entity12421 was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Direct administration of @entity12421 intracerebroventricularly at the time of @entity64 was sufficient for neuroprotection. @entity1990 can induce both @entity12421 and interferon-stimulated genes through its adapter molecule Toll/interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing @entity12421 ( @entity7485 ) and the @entity14055 transcription factor. We show in @entity26 glucose deprivation of cortical neurons, an in vitro model of @entity64 , that activation of @entity7485 after @entity64 reduces @entity528 . Furthermore, @entity19 lacking @entity14055 were not protected by LPS preconditioning in our in vivo model. Our studies constitute the first demonstration of the neuroprotective capacity of @entity7485 / @entity14055 signaling and suggest that interferon-stimulated genes, whether induced by @entity12421 or by enhanced TLR signaling to @entity14055 , are a potent means of protecting the brain against @entity2806 .

title: Systemic lipopolysaccharide protects the brain from @entity63 by reprogramming the response of the brain to XXXX : a critical role for @entity14055 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke damage', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The effect of the duration of @entity554 treatment on the inhibition of @entity7045 -induced mammary @entity105 was studied. Female @entity35 were given i.v. injections of 50 mg @entity7045 per kg body weight at both 50 and 57 days of age. Feeding of a placebo diet or diet supplemented with 323 mg @entity7837 per kg diet ( @entity554 treatment) was initiated at 10 days after the first carcinogen injection. @entity554 treatment was either continued or discontinued after 60 days postcarcinogen, and the study was terminated at 182 days postcarcinogen. @entity554 treatment between 10 and 60 days postcarcinogen prolonged the @entity5 latency and reduced the average number of @entity5 per @entity35 in comparison to that in placebo-treated @entity35 . Continuation or cessation of @entity554 treatment in 60-day @entity5 -bearing @entity35 had no effect on the time of appearance of additional @entity5 . In 60-day @entity5 -free @entity35 , continuation of @entity554 treatment prolonged @entity5 latency in comparison to either 60-day @entity5 -free @entity35 changed to placebo or @entity35 continuously treated with placebo. The cessation of @entity554 treatment in 60-day @entity5 -free @entity35 resulted in a rapid increase in the appearance of @entity5 ; at the termination of the study, the average number of @entity5 per @entity35 was similar to that of animals fed only the placebo. The data indicated that some @entity35 are more responsive to the @entity554 than are others. @entity554 treatment apparently prevented the progression of early @entity1313 , and a continuous daily intake of the @entity554 appears necessary to sustain the chemopreventive effect under the experimental conditions imposed.

title: Effect of the duration of @entity7837 feeding on inhibition of XXXX -induced mammary @entity105 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity7837 :: ('MESH:C009166', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoid', 'retinoid']

answer: @entity7045 :: (CHEBI:50102,Chemical) :: ['1-methyl-1-nitrosourea']


abstract: The regional differences of @entity302 susceptibilities in various brain structures were investigated by using the feline model of systemic and local applications of @entity114 (PC). After PC application, "repetitive isolated discharges" ( @entity3389 ) were observed and thereafter, it developed to "sustained high-frequency discharge" ( @entity2198 ). The following results were obtained. 1. After the intraperitoneal application of PC, the areas involved by @entity3389 in order of frequency were cerebral cortex, hippocampus, mesencephalic reticular formation, centro-median nucleus of thalamus, amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal median nucleus of thalamus and globus pallidus. @entity2198 was firstly arising from cerebral cortex (100%), especially from suprasylvian gyrus of 13 out of 16 @entity468 (18.2%). @entity2198 immediately propagated to either the other cortical areas or subcortical structures. Hippocampus, centro-median nucleus and dorsal median nucleus of thalamus were rapidly involved by @entity2198 from cerebral cortex in comparison with the other subcortical structures. 2. PC was applied topically on the surface of several different cortical areas. @entity3389 tended to appear in posterior suprasylvian gyrus. On the other hand, @entity2198 arose from posterior ectosylvian gyrus in most cases. The mechanisms of initiation and propagation of @entity302 discharge were discussed in conjunction with @entity302 susceptibility in various neuronal structures.

title: [Regional differences in seizure threshold following systemic and topical administration of XXXX in @entity468 ].

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptic seizure']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: @entity6425 is the most common cause of severe @entity1902 during childhood worldwide, especially in developing countries. Two rotavirus vaccines are available for childhood immunization programs. Evaluation of the vaccine performance will benefit from knowledge of the epidemiological features of @entity6425 in regional settings. Limited information on the molecular characteristics of the rotavirus types circulating in Venezuela is available. Eighty seven (89.7%) of the 97 ELISA rotavirus positive stool samples collected from @entity1 with @entity294 aged <5 years during 2003 in Valencia (Carabobo State), were G-, P- and @entity20466 -genotyped by RT-PCR and/or automated sequencing. Four common combinations, @entity39289 [8]/ @entity20466 -E1, @entity19296 [4]/ @entity20466 -E2, @entity28336 [8]/ @entity20466 -E1, and G1P[8]/ @entity20466 -E1 were responsible for 50.6%, 35.6%, 5.7%, and 1.1%, respectively of cases of rotavirus @entity294 , most of them (66%) in @entity1  <=12 months. One uncommon G8P[14]/ @entity20466 -E2 strain was also detected. Temporal fluctuation of genotype distribution occurred, but no differences by age, @entity294 severity score, sex, treatment type or @entity1 medical attention were observed, except for the G3P[8]/ @entity20466 -E1, associated with a more severe dehydration than any other type (P   <   0.01). The results confirm the broad diversity among rotavirus strains circulating in Venezuela prior to vaccine implementation, showing the predominance of G3, significant proportion of G2 and moderate circulation of G9 strains. Epidemiological surveillance is needed to detect the emergence of new genotypes that could escape protection induced by vaccination.

title: Genotyping of XXXX rotaviruses circulating among @entity1 with @entity294 in Valencia, Venezuela.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28336 :: ('p|SUB|G|9|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G9P']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity39289 :: ('p|SUB|G|3|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G3P']

entities_list: @entity19296 :: ('p|SUB|G|2|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G2P']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection', 'Rotavirus infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The lipid composition of the sperm membrane has been shown to exert a significant effect upon the functional quality of spermatozoa. We have studied the effect of induced peroxidation and of the presence of polymorphonuclear white blood cells (WBCs) on the @entity844 composition of the phospholipids of @entity1 spermatozoa. The spermatozoa were fractionated by a discontinuous Percoll gradient in two fractions (47% and 90% Percoll). Induced peroxidation of spermatozoa was assessed by determining the production of @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS), mostly @entity1234 , after incubation with @entity20150 and @entity620 as a promoter of peroxidation. TBARS production after induction of peroxidation was correlated with the abundance of @entity1474 ( @entity5204 )(r = 0.68, p < 0.0001), with the double bond index (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001), and with the oxidative potential index (r = 0.73, p < 0.0001) of @entity1718 of phospholipids. In comparison with samples containing > 1 x 10(6) WBCs/mL, those with < 1 x 10(6) WBCs/mL contained higher proportions of @entity5204 (90% Percoll, p < 0.05; 47% Percoll, p < 0.05), total @entity9539 (90% Percoll, p < 0.05; 47% Percoll, p < 0.001), @entity4600 (90% Percoll p < 0.05; 47% Percoll, p < 0.05), and double bond index (90% Percoll, p < 0.05; 47% Percoll, p < 0.001). In addition, mean melting point was significantly lower (90% Percoll, p < 0.05; 47% Percoll, p < 0.001) in samples with < 1 x 10(6) WBCs, indicating higher membrane fluidity. The increase of TBARS production by spermatozoa after incubation with the @entity3624 - @entity3624 oxidase system and/or @entity20150 as promoter of peroxidation was associated with a significant decrease of @entity5204 . Incubation of spermatozoa with WBCs, with or without activation by @entity4621 , decreased the @entity5204 (p < 0.05). Also, TBARS production was increased (p < 0.01) after activation of WBCs with @entity4621 . Our data provide evidence that oxidative stress induced by WBCs has a damaging effect on the @entity1474 of sperm phospholipids which may result, amongst other effects, in decreased membrane fluidity.

title: White blood cells cause oxidative damage to the @entity844 composition of phospholipids of XXXX spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity20150 :: ('MESH:C020748', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrous sulphate']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega 3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The immunological heterogeneity of the @entity95 nephron was investigated using monoclonal antibodies. Seventeen antibodies have been produced by fusion of NS1 @entity1582 cells with spleen cells from BALB/c @entity19 immunized with unfractionated @entity95 renal cortical cell preparations. Sixteen antibodies reacted with proximal tubular cells: 11 with the brush border and 5 with basolateral membrane or intracytoplasmic components. Only one of the latter was specific for constituents of the proximal tubule. One antibody reacted with the cortical collecting tubule. Eight of the anti-brush-border antibodies were further characterized by immunoprecipitation of detergent-solubilized radiolabeled brush-border membrane vesicles. Seven proteins with subunits ranging in molecular weight from 90,000 to greater than 340,000 were identified. Systematic survey showed that one of these proteins with a subunit molecular weight of 115,000 exhibited @entity368 aminopeptidase activity. Selected monoclonal antibodies bound to Sepharose 4B immunoadsorbents were used to deplete solubilized brush-border membrane vesicles of a given antigen and to identify @entity368 aminopeptidase. Furthermore, the obtention of specific antibodies directed against the proximal tubule allowed us to set up a simple method for renal cell separation: isolated renal cortical cells could be depleted by 80% in proximal cells by passage over columns of Sepharose 6MB covalently linked with three different monoclonal anti-brush-border antibodies, thus leading to cell suspensions considerably enriched in tubule cells originating from the more distal segments of the nephron.

title: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to XXXX renal cortical cells.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Meat-eating is an important aspect of @entity1 evolution, but how meat became a substantial component of the @entity1 diet is still poorly understood. Meat-eating in our closest relatives, the great apes, may provide insight into the emergence of this trait, but most existing data are for @entity831 . We report 3 rare cases of meat-eating of slow lorises, @entity15010 , by 1 @entity23286 mother- @entity1 dyad in Ketambe, Indonesia, to examine how @entity17055 find slow lorises and share meat. We combine these 3 cases with 2 previous ones to test the hypothesis that @entity15010 captures by @entity17055 are seasonal and dependent on fruit availability. We also provide the first (to our knowledge) quantitative data and high-definition video recordings of meat chewing rates by great apes, which we use to estimate the minimum time necessary for a female Australopithecus africanus to reach its daily energy requirements when feeding partially on raw meat. Captures seemed to be opportunistic but @entity17055 may have used olfactory cues to detect the prey. The mother often rejected meat sharing requests and only the @entity1 initiated meat sharing. @entity15010 captures occurred only during low ripe fruit availability, suggesting that meat may represent a filler fallback food for @entity17055 . @entity17055 ate meat more than twice as slowly as @entity831 ( @entity831 ), suggesting that group living may function as a meat intake accelerator in hominoids. Using @entity17055 data as a model, time spent chewing per day would not require an excessive amount of time for our social ancestors (australopithecines and hominids), as long as meat represented no more than a quarter of their diet. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10764-011-9574-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

title: Behavioral, Ecological, and Evolutionary Aspects of Meat-Eating by @entity23286 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity17055 :: ('9600', 'Species') :: ['orangutans', 'Orangutans', 'orangutan']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['Pan troglodytes', 'chimpanzees']

entities_list: @entity23286 :: ('9601', 'Species') :: ['Sumatran orangutan']

entities_list: @entity15010 :: ('9470', 'Species') :: ['Nycticebus coucang', 'Slow loris', 'slow loris']

answer: @entity23286 :: (9601,Species) :: ['Pongo abelii']


abstract: @entity56 is associated with persistent @entity1224 and remodeling, but little is known about the mechanisms leading to these alterations. This paucity of information is related in part to the absence of chronic models of @entity56 . Herein we describe a model of persistent @entity1224 , @entity1373 , and subepithelial @entity82 that is initiated by the intratracheal introduction of @entity54 spores or conidia into the airways of @entity19 previously sensitized to A. fumigatus. Similar persistent airway alterations were not observed in nonsensitized @entity19 challenged with A. fumigatus conidia alone. A. fumigatus-sensitized @entity19 exhibited significantly enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness to a @entity2710 challenge that was still present at 30 days after the conidia challenge. Eosinophils and lymphocytes were present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from A. fumigatus-sensitized @entity19 at all times after conidia challenge. Compared with levels measured in A. fumigatus-sensitized @entity19 immediately before conidia, significantly elevated @entity60 ( @entity60 ) and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) levels were present in whole lung homogenates up to 7 days after the conidia challenge. At day 30 after conidia challenge, significantly elevated levels of @entity58 ( @entity58 ) and @entity1312 were present in the A. fumigatus-sensitized @entity19 . Histological analysis revealed profound @entity1373 and airway @entity82 at days 30 after conidia, and the latter finding was confirmed by @entity720 measurements. Thus the introduction of A. fumigatus conidia into A. fumigatus-sensitized @entity19 results in persistent airway hyperresponsiveness, @entity82 , and @entity1373 .

title: Chronic @entity1224 , @entity1373 , and peribronchial XXXX during @entity56 induced by @entity54 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['goblet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical allergic airway disease', 'allergic airway disease']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of prenatal diagnosis in reducing neonatal mortality from transposition of @entity3886 ( @entity3886 ) is controversial. Factors affected by prenatal diagnosis such as proximity at birth to a cardiac surgical center (CSC) and CSC volume are associated with mortality in @entity299 . The purpose of the study was to determine the associations between prenatal diagnosis, distance from birthplace to a CSC, CSC @entity3886 volume, and neonatal mortality in @entity1 with @entity3886 . METHODS: The Texas @entity600 Registry was queried for all live born @entity1 with @entity3886 from 1999 to 2007. Four hundred sixty-eight cases of @entity3886 were included. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 (10.3%) were prenatally diagnosed, and 20 @entity1 died before age 28 days (4.3%). Neither prenatal diagnosis nor close proximity to a CSC at birth (p > 0.05) were associated with decreased mortality. Low CSC @entity3886 volume was associated with increased mortality (p < 0.0002). Mortality at the CSCs with <5 @entity1 per year was 9.6%; CSCs with 5 to 10 @entity1 per year had 0% mortality, and those with >10 @entity1 per year had 2.3% mortality. In multivariable logistic regression, only preterm birth (odds ratio, 7.05; 95% confidence interval, 4.13-12.05) and lower CSC volume (p < 0.001) were associated with neonatal mortality, although prenatal diagnosis attenuated the detrimental association of lower volume CSCs with higher mortality (p for interaction = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Lower CSC @entity3886 @entity1 volume was associated with higher neonatal mortality. Prenatal diagnosis may improve survival in lower volume CSCs. @entity600 Research (Part A), 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Prenatal diagnosis, hospital characteristics, and mortality in transposition of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['TGA', 'the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['the great arteries']


abstract: Previously we have described the presence of @entity3521 equivalent (WRE) lymphoid tissue in the @entity35 , and pointed out the importance of such an experimental model for studying the immunological role of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue. Here we extend this work with immunohistological data in terms of compartmentalization and distribution of the various lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells of this WRE lymphoid tissue in situ. WRE tissue consists of distinct T cell and B cell areas. B cell areas predominate; they are located directly under the mucosal epithelium and consist mainly of follicles. These follicles frequently contain a germinal center with IgD negative B cells interspersed with scattered @entity11264 (helper/inducer) T cells. Follicular dendritic cells are present in the germinal centers. T cell areas, on the other hand, are predominantly present at the abluminal side of the WRE in interfollicular areas. In these areas high endothelial venules and both @entity11264 and CD8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cell populations with a clear preponderance of @entity11264 over CD8 cells can be observed. MHC class II positive interdigitating dendritic cells are also scattered throughout these T cell areas. Mononuclear phagocytes (ED1-positive monocytes/macrophages) are scattered throughout the WRE, but especially in the T cell areas. A subpopulation of (ED3-positive) mononuclear phagocytes, e.g., the lymphoid tissue macrophage, is exclusively scattered between the small blood vessels along the abluminal side of the lymphoid tissue. Here, plasma cells, including those of the IgA type, are located. The data show that nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue in the @entity35 can be considered as an immunologically fully equipped and active mucosal lymphoid organ presumably executing similar immune functions as the tonsils in the @entity1 @entity3521 .

title: Immunohistochemistry of Nasopharyngeal ( @entity3521 equivalent) lymphoid tissue in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ["Waldeyer's ring"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Competing levels of cytokines, either locally within the eye or systemically, may influence the eventual outcome of @entity32 . Polymorphism in the promoter part of the genes controlling cytokine production may result in either higher or lower production of the relevant cytokine to a given stimulus. The authors hypothesised that such polymorphisms may relate to visual outcome in @entity1 with @entity20470 . METHODS: DNA was obtained from 125 @entity1 with @entity20470 and analysed for the @entity688 @entity688 -1082G/Alpha and @entity688 @entity28708 , and interferon gamma IFNgamma 874T/A gene polymorphisms. Associations with disease were calculated by both allelic frequency and haplotype analysis, and associations between ocular disease outcomes and the presence of polymorphisms were identified. A bad outcome was defined as @entity1018 <6/12 Snellen in both eyes at 5 years from presentation when the eyes were quiet. RESULTS: An initial screen showed that the 874T allele of the IFNgamma gene was more prevalent in @entity1 than controls (chi2= 7.9; p = 0.004 OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6 (Pc = 0.02), whereas the @entity688 -1082/-819 AT haplotype of the @entity688 ( @entity688 ) gene was not. Analysis of disease outcome showed an association between @entity688 -1082 AA homozygosity and bad outcome (chi2= 13; p = 0.0003). Moreover, the two cytokine polymorphisms taken together showed that up to 75% of @entity1 with a poor visual outcome had the combined IFNgamma 874TA or TT genotype together with the @entity688 -1082AA genotype (chi2= 13.2 p = 0.0008 OR 6.4; 95% CI 1.85 to 23.6 Pc = 0.1). CONCLUSION: These results show that disease outcome in intermediate @entity1596 may be partly determined by a complex interplay between cytokine genes and these results may have implications for future treatment with biological agents that target these cytokines.

title: Are cytokine gene polymorphisms associated with outcome in XXXX with @entity20470 in the United Kingdom?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity20470 :: ('MESH:D015867', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intermediate uveitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between daily habits, @entity6586 , and caries using International Caries Detection and Assessment System Caries Index (ICDAS CI); and compare it to the @entity9104 index. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Altogether 122 @entity1 were examined and interviewed. Saliva and plaque samples were collected and analyzed by Dentocult SM(  ) Strip Mutans test. ICDAS CI was calculated by counting all ICDAS caries scores of all surfaces divided by total number of @entity1547 . RESULTS: ICDAS CI was significantly (p<0.01) and strongly associated with DMFT/dmft (  =0.72), DMFS/dmfs (  =0.72), total number of @entity1547 (DT/dt) (  =0.77), enamel caries surfaces (  =0.61) and dentine caries surfaces (  =0.75). Plaque @entity6586 was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with ICDAS CI and DT/dt. @entity1 who brushed once a day or more had significantly lower ICDAS CI (p<0.01). @entity1 who consumed sweets or drank soft drinks more than once a day had significantly higher ICDAS CI (p<0.05). No significant association was found between ICDAS CI and frequency of flossing, use of mouthrinse, or gum chewing. CONCLUSION: ICDAS CI seems to have similar trends as DMF indices, but includes more information about the stage, severity, and progress of the caries lesions of the @entity1 .

title: Relationship between daily habits, XXXX , and caries among schoolboys.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious teeth']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: @entity858 - @entity3649 4-epimerase from @entity526 is a homodimer of molecular weight 39 kDa/subunit having noncovalently bound @entity2125 acting as cofactor. Denaturation by 8 M @entity1133 at pH 7.0 causes 85% loss of its secondary structure and dissociation of its constituent molecules. Dilution of the denaturant by buffer at pH 8.5 leads to functional reconstitution of the dimeric holoenzyme. The refolding process is biphasic: after 2 min an equilibrium conformer is formed having 72% of its native secondary structure and by 60 min reactivation becomes complete. The early intermediate has lower energy of activation against thermal denaturation than the reactivated state. Patterns of trypsin digestion suggests a native like structure of this intermediate. Variation of solvent viscosity and ionic strength and inclusion of @entity1521 cis-trans isomerase in the refolding process do not alter kinetics of reactivation. Moreover, unaltered kinetics of reactivation against variation of temperature, pH, and duration of denaturation strongly suggests absence of @entity1521 cis/trans isomerization. Measurement of kinetics of (i) recovery of tertiary structure by protein fluorescence; (ii) incorporation of @entity2125 from quantitation of bound cofactor; (iii) formation of substrate binding site by specific interaction with extrinsic fluorophore @entity31314 and quenching by @entity38177 , a competitive inhibitor; and (iv) recovery of activity indicate that they are all comparable. It appears that internal rearrangement of the protein during refolding, shielded from solvent, is the rate-limiting step of generation of cofactor binding site which ultimately leads to maturation of the holoenzyme structure.

title: XXXX - @entity3649 4-epimerase from @entity526 : formation of catalytic site during reversible folding.

entities_list: @entity31314 :: ('CHEBI:39708', 'Chemical') :: ['1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity858 :: (MESH:D014530,Chemical) :: ['UDP']


abstract: The high sensitivity and sharp frequency discrimination of hearing depend on mechanical amplification in the cochlea. To explore the basis of this active process, we examined the pharmacological sensitivity of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) in a lizard, the @entity27914 gecko. In a quiet environment, each ear produced a complex but stable pattern of emissions. These SOAEs were reversibly modulated by drugs that affect @entity1 otoacoustic emissions, the salicylates and the @entity4028 antibiotics. The effect of a single i.p. injection of @entity11141 depended on the initial power of the emissions: ears with strong control SOAEs displayed suppression at all frequencies, whereas those with weak control emissions showed enhancement. Repeated oral administration of @entity117 reduced all emissions. Single i.p. doses of @entity801 or @entity7913 suppressed SOAEs below 2.6 kHz, while modulating those above 2.6 kHz in either of two ways. For ears whose emission power at 2.6-5.2 kHz encompassed more than half of the total, individual emissions displayed facilitation as great as 35-fold. For the remaining ears, emissions dropped to as little as one-sixth of their initial values. The similarity of the responses of reptilian and @entity1 cochleas to pharmacological intervention provides further evidence for a common mechanism of cochlear amplification.

title: Effects of salicylates and aminoglycosides on spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the XXXX gecko.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity27914 :: (36310,Species) :: ['Tokay']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendinopathies @entity3444 has shown good results in up to 90% of cases. However, the remaining 10% of @entity1 with these conditions represent a true challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. New technologies for the development of orthobiologic materials make it possible to use platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an alternative to treat cases that have been refractory to prior treatment and that have a chronicity exceeding 12 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, analytical study. @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity924 , @entity3444 or both, with a course of more than 12 months, previously treated with non-surgical alternatives, without any clinical improvement. The AOFAS hindfoot scale was used, together with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for @entity158 , and photographic documentation at 2, 4, 8 and 12 months after infiltration. A treatment program that included immobilization, NSAIDs, eccentric exercises for the @entity262 and strengthening of the sural triceps was established. The statistical analysis included measurements of the central trend and scatter with the SPSS 15. RESULTS: A sample consisting of 10 @entity1 (12 feet) that met the diagnostic and inclusion criteria was obtained. Mean age at the time of presentation was 43 years (range 23-56), with females being predominant (70%) and 50% laterality for the right and left feet. The initial AOFAS score was 39 (range 28-68) and the VAS score was 9 (range 7-10). By week 16 the AOFAS score had increased to 97 (range 88-99) and the VAS score was 2 (range 1-4). All @entity1 resumed independent gait. CONCLUSION: The use of PRP in @entity1 with @entity924 and @entity3444 is an effective and safe alternative for the management of @entity1 with a poor response to conventional non-surgical treatment. Other non-surgical modalities are recommended besides PRP for the treatment of these @entity1 to achieve appropriate results.

title: [Platelet-rich plasma for managing @entity924 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles-calcaneal-plantar system']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['ad plantar fasciitis', 'plantar fasciitis']

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['plantar fasciitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-ERCP @entity788 ( @entity7955 ) is the most common and serious complication of ERCP. Difficult biliary cannulation can be a procedure-related risk factor for @entity7955 . Recent studies reported that a prophylactic pancreatic stent (PS) can reduce the frequency and severity of @entity7955 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and usefulness of a temporary 3F PS to prevent @entity7955 in @entity1 with @entity253 . DESIGN: A multicenter, prospective, randomized study. SETTING: Two tertiary-care academic medical centers. @entity1 : In total, 101 @entity1 with a @entity253 were randomly divided into the 3F PS placement group (PS group, n = 50) or the nonstent (NS) group (NS group, n = 51). INTERVENTIONS: Endoscopic placement of a 3F unflanged PS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The incidence and severity of @entity7955 in the 2 groups, spontaneous dislodgment of stents, and procedure-related complications. RESULTS: The technical success rate of 3F PS placement was 96% (48/50). The lengths of the stents were 4 cm (n = 21), 6 cm (n = 15), and 8 cm (n = 12). Spontaneous stent dislodgment within 7 days occurred in 94% of @entity1 (45/48). The mean duration until spontaneous dislodgment was 3.5 days. The incidence rate of @entity7955 was 12% (6/50: mild, 5; moderate, 1) in the PS group and 29.4% (15/51: mild, 12; moderate, 2; severe, 1) in the NS group. Severe @entity788 occurred in only 1 @entity1 in the NS group. In a multivariate analysis, prophylactic placement of PS was the only prophylactic factor for @entity7955 (odds ratio, 0.126; 95% CI, 0.025-0.632, P = .012). LIMITATIONS: No comparative results for stent size and diameter and a low-risk cohort group. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic temporary 3F PS placement in @entity1 with a @entity253 during ERCP seems to be a safe and effective method for reducing @entity7955 and results in a high rate of spontaneous passage of stents without complications.

title: Prophylactic temporary 3F pancreatic duct stent to prevent post-ERCP @entity788 in XXXX with a @entity253 : a multicenter, prospective, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['difficult biliary cannulation', 'difficult biliary cannulations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New ileostomates face significant physical and psychological adaptations. Despite advanced resources, such as wound, ostomy, and continence nurses, we observed a high readmission rate for @entity2700 among @entity1 with new ileostomies. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to create a pathway to reduce readmission and facilitate @entity1 education and well-being. DESIGN: The 'Ileostomy Pathway' was established by a collaborative group at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. A standardized set of @entity1 education tools was developed to be used throughout the perioperative process. @entity1 's education started with the preoperative visit. All @entity1 were directly engaged in ostomy management and trained in a stepwise progression. @entity1 were discharged from the hospital with flow sheets, supplies for recording intake/output, and visiting nurse services. Prospectively collected data from the first 7 months was compared with a retrospective database of the previous 4 years. SETTINGS: This study was conducted at a tertiary @entity4207 center. @entity1 : @entity1 with a new permanent or temporary ileostomy were included. INTERVENTIONS: A new ileostomy pathway was created. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measured was readmission rates. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-one @entity1 were assigned to prepathway implementation and 42 were assigned to postpathway implementation. One hundred three of 203 (50.7%) @entity1 were @entity1 , and 58 of 203 (28.6%) @entity1 had permanent ostomies. Overall readmission rate was 35.4% and 21.4% for the prepathway and postpathway groups. The readmission rate for @entity2700 was 15.5% (25/161) for prepathway @entity1 , but dropped to 0% in the study group. The average length of stay after creation of the new ostomy was 7.5 days and 6.6 days for prepathway and postpathway groups. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its small sample size and the lack of randomization. CONCLUSIONS: A simple, educational program for new ileostomy @entity1 that includes preoperative teaching, standardized teaching materials, in-hospital engagement, observed management, and postdischarge tracking of intake and output is very effective in decreasing hospital readmission. The average length of stay remained stable, despite the addition of this teaching program to our perioperative/inpatient care.

title: Ileostomy pathway virtually eliminates readmissions for XXXX in new ostomates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity2700 :: (MESH:D003681,Disease) :: ['dehydration']


abstract: Increasing cardiac load by leg elevation identifies @entity1 with load-dependent impairment of left ventricular (LV) function. This impairment is related to a deficient length-dependent regulation of LV function. We investigated the effects of @entity452 on length-dependent regulation of LV function in coronary surgery @entity1 (n = 25). High-fidelity LV pressure tracings were obtained at end-expiration, while hearts were paced at a fixed rate of 90 bpm. Effects of leg elevation on contraction and relaxation were compared before and during @entity452 5 microg x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ). Effects on contraction were evaluated by analysis of changes in dP/dtmax. Effects on relaxation were assessed by analysis of R (slope of the relation between the time constant of isovolumic relaxation and end-systolic pressure). Correlations were calculated with linear regression analysis using Pearson's coefficient r. The effects of leg elevation on variables of contraction and relaxation were coupled. We found a close relationship between changes in dP/dtmax and individual values of R (r = 0.84; P < 0.001). @entity452 improved myocardial function and accelerated LV pressure decrease. Under @entity452 , the increase in dP/dtmax with leg elevation was larger (P < 0.001) and load dependence of LV relaxation was reduced (P = 0.001). @entity452 improved the effects of leg elevation on LV function, reflecting improved length-dependent regulation of LV function. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrated that beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation with @entity452 improved length-dependent regulation of myocardial function assessed during leg elevation in cardiac surgical @entity1 .

title: The effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation on the length-dependent regulation of myocardial function in coronary surgery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine', 'Dobutamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity101 is a modifiable risk factor for @entity65 , but its aetiology has not been fully elucidated. Recently, attention has been focused on the direct relations of plasma @entity1255 (Hcy) to blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of Hcy with BP and other @entity65 risk factors. This population-based study was a part of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors Survey and has been designed and conducted based on the methodology of the MONICA/WHO Project. A total of 1214 @entity1 aged 25-64 years were recruited using cluster sampling and assessed regarding standardized methods. BP was measured in seated position after a 10-min rest period. Blood samples were gathered and analysed according to standard methods. Variables were assessed in 1191 @entity1 (416 @entity1 ; 775 @entity1 ). Mean age was higher in @entity101 compared to normotensives (P < 0.001). Mean Hcy was higher in @entity101 , but significant only in @entity1 (P < 0.031). Concurrent effects of Hcy, @entity1501 and @entity2186 on @entity101 indicated that Hcy acts as a risk factor and @entity1501 and @entity2186 as protective factors; however, after adjustment, just @entity2186 remained as a protective factor. Although we detected a simple correlation of Hcy with BP in Iranian adults, this relationship was no longer significant after applying an adjustment. In light of our observations, it is likely that the increased @entity5784 levels reported in @entity101 @entity1 are concomitant rather than a precursor of @entity101 .

title: Plasma XXXX concentration and blood pressure in healthy Iranian adults: the Tehran @entity1255 Survey (2003-2004).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The optimal concurrent chemotherapy regimen with radiotherapy for @entity418 is unknown. Here, we compared the survival outcomes and @entity137 of definitive chemoradiotherapy with either @entity900 / @entity1487 (PF) or @entity1205 / @entity900 (DP) in @entity1 with unresectable @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). In this study, we identified 317 @entity1 with @entity1721 who received PF or DP concurrently with definitive radiotherapy. PF group @entity1 received two cycles of @entity900 (60 mg/m2) and @entity1487 (300 mg/m2) at 4-week intervals during radiotherapy. DP group @entity1 received a concurrent three-weekly schedule of @entity1205 (60 mg/m2) and @entity900 (80 mg/m2) or @entity900 (25 mg/m2) and @entity1205 (25 mg/m2) weekly. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared using propensity score (-adjusted, -weighted, -stratified, and -matched) analyses. A sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the impact of unmeasured confounders. Inverse probability of treatment weighting for propensity score demonstrated an improvement in @entity1349 and PFS with DP group in comparison with PF group (hazard ratio, 0.700; 95% CI, 0.577-0.851) and similar results were achieved with propensity score matching and stratification. Grade 3-4 @entity2910 was more common (16/102 vs. 4/102) and grade 3-4 @entity882 and @entity137 were less common (3/102 vs. 10/102; 7/102 vs. 19/102; respectively) in the PF group than the DP group. In conclusion, concurrent chemoradiotherapy with the DP regimen resulted in better @entity1349 and PFS compared to concurrent PF regimen with tolerable @entity137 in @entity1721 @entity1 . Prospective randomized trials are required to confirm the efficacy of the DP regimen.

title: Concurrent @entity900 and XXXX versus concurrent @entity900 and @entity1205 with radiotherapy for @entity1721 : a propensity score-matched analysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: We have recently encountered a case of high cervical @entity2758 which caused @entity510 . A 54-year-old male was admitted to our hospital due to sudden onset of severe @entity10 . Neurological examination revealed @entity2896 which suggested @entity428 . A CT scan showed @entity510 predominantly in the posterior fossa, massively ventral to the brain stem, with reflux into the fourth ventricle. No @entity455 were found in the first cerebral angiography which included four vessels and bilateral thyrocervical trunks. Ten days later, the second cerebral angiography demonstrated an arteriovenous shunt via the right vertebral artery draining into the epidural space of the upper cervical region. @entity1129 were performed. An abnormally dilated vein along the right C1 nerve ventral root which drained into the tortuous dilated coronary venous plexus on the ventral side of the spinal cord was found. We made a diagnosis of @entity2758 fed by the @entity6350 radicular artery via the right vertebral artery and draining into the radiculomedullary vein and the epidural venous plexus. The interruption of both intra- and extradural draining veins was carried out. The postoperative course was uneventful.

title: [Angiographically occult high cervical XXXX secondary to intracranial hypertension: a case report].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation', 'dural arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['right sixth nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A suboccipital craniotomy and laminectomy of the atlas']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['dural arteriovenous malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retroperitoneal @entity82 is a severe disease that affects the ureters, causing @entity177 in three-quarters of @entity1 . The optimal treatment is far from being established. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity3807 and ureteral entrapment followed in our unit for at least 1 year were selected for this study. At presentation 13 @entity1 had @entity177 . All @entity1 received @entity230 , associated with ureterolysis in five (group 1), with @entity500 in six (group 2) and with @entity440 in six (group 3). Four @entity1 of group 2 and five of group 3 received ureteral stenting or nephrostomy. There were no significant differences among the three groups or the clinical and biochemical characteristics at presentation. RESULTS: All @entity1 of groups 1 and 2 entered remission after therapy. One @entity1 from group 3 did not respond to therapy. During a mean follow-up of 56 +/- 41 months, three @entity1 (two from group 1, one from group 2, 18%) had a recurrence of the disease, which fully responded to retreatment in all three cases. At the last observation, all @entity1 were alive; three @entity1 (18%) had @entity177 , of them one from group 1 had to start dialysis 6 years after ureterolysis, one @entity1 from group 2 and one from group 3 had serum @entity1011 of 1.5 mg/dl. Renal survival was 100% at 5 years and 80% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: In most @entity1 , each of the three different @entity6080 restored renal function and significantly reduced the fibrotic mass in the short-term and maintained stable serum @entity1011 in the long-term.

title: Long-term outcome of XXXX treated with surgical and/or medical approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity6080 :: ('MESH:D018467', 'Disease') :: ['therapeutic approaches']

answer: @entity3807 :: (MESH:D012185,Disease) :: ['idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite the high prevalence of @entity3147 in the general inpatient population, there is a lack of knowledge in regard to detecting disease-related @entity3147 and implementing nutritional support. Our aim was to suggest practical procedures for screening and treating malnourished or at-risk @entity1 hospitalized in medical wards, thereby fostering a straightforward implementation of nutritional therapy independent of the underlying disease and comorbidities. METHODS: A working group of experts in clinical nutrition selected and analyzed published disease-specific European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN)  guidelines relevant for our aim. Eight questions in population, intervention, control, outcome format were defined to cover topics such as screening, nutritional targets, and routes of feeding. Individual studies were extracted from the guidelines by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria targeting the heterogeneous population of medical inpatients with or at-risk of disease-related @entity3147 . We used those studies as evidence, as well as recommendations from the selected ESPEN guidelines, to formulate answers to the questions. Final agreement with the statement was obtained by consensus of the whole working group. RESULTS: Procedures on how to provide integrated nutritional therapy (oral, enteral, and parenteral) to a heterogeneous @entity1 population were suggested, including how to identify malnourished or at-risk @entity1 , nutrient targets, choice of feeding route, monitoring, and assessment of @entity1 . We also developed a simple algorithm to facilitate the implementation of a nutritional care plan for the general medical inpatient population. CONCLUSION: By compiling evidence and recommendations from disease-specific guidelines, we were able to suggest a nutritional strategy applicable to large and heterogeneous group of malnourished or at-risk @entity1 admitted to hospitals. A large randomized controlled trial is currently investigating whether this strategy improves clinical outcomes of @entity1 .

title: Detection and treatment of medical inpatients with or at-risk of XXXX : Suggested procedures based on validated guidelines.

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: The @entity3759 -assisted photodegradation of two natural female hormones, @entity1815 (E1) and @entity53 (E2), was investigated in two UV-photo-reactors, followed by solid-phase extraction and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The degradation of @entity4803 in both reactors followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. In reactor 1 (150W), 97% of compounds were degraded within 4h of irradiation. Even more rapid degradation was observed in reactor 2 (15W) where 98% of both compounds disappeared within 1h, due to the shorter wavelength of UV-light in reactor 2 (fixed at 253nm) than reactor 1 (238-579nm). The influences of different initial chemical concentrations, pH value, the presence of dissolved organic matter and @entity9049 , and the catalyst concentration on the degradation rate of @entity4803 in aqueous solutions were investigated. The results show that the extent of photo-induced degradation of @entity6860 2 strongly depends on the water constituents in solution. The degradation rate was increased when pH value was increased from 2 to 7.6, beyond which the degradation rate started to decrease. The presence of humic acid enhanced the degradation of @entity4803 in both reactors as a result of photosensitisation effect of humic acid chromophore. The degradation rate increased with an increase in @entity274 concentration. The degradation rate was also enhanced by increasing catalyst concentration up to 2g/l. The findings therefore suggest that photocatalysis can be a very effective method of rapidly removing certain EDCs from water.

title: Photodegradation of @entity1815 and XXXX in water.

entities_list: @entity9049 :: ('CHEBI:25935', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['17beta-estradiol']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the prophylactic administration of @entity3974 plus @entity6918 , @entity6918 plus @entity1769 , and @entity21886 to determine effects on @entity1209 , and sedation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: University medical center. @entity1 : 212 ASA physical status I and II adults presenting for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive one of three prophylactic antiemetic drug combinations: @entity3974 4 mg plus @entity6918 0.625 mg (Group OD), @entity6918 0.625 mg plus @entity1769 10 mg (Group DM), or @entity21886 5 mg (Group P). Study drugs were administered intravenously after induction of general anesthesia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The groups were similar with respect to gender, age, weight, duration of surgery, numbers of @entity1 receiving intraoperative @entity3897 or @entity6358 , number admitted overnight, and time to discharge home. @entity1 in Group P used lower total doses of opioids than did @entity1 in Group OD. There were no significant differences in postoperative @entity390 , @entity158 , or sedation scores, in numbers of patients requiring antiemetics (Group OD, 13 of 66; Group DM, 15 of 66; Group P, 14 of 68), or in numbers of @entity1 @entity391 , either in hospital or during the first postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: These three drug regimens are equivalent for antiemetic prophylaxis before laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

title: Prophylactic antiemetics for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparison of @entity21886 , @entity6918 plus @entity3974 , and XXXX plus @entity1769 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity21886 :: ('MESH:D010546', 'Chemical') :: ['perphenazine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['droperidol']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea, vomiting']

answer: @entity6918 :: (MESH:D004329,Chemical) :: ['droperidol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of different treatments for abnormal uterine @entity548 in @entity1 with known @entity1478 . METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the effectiveness of polypectomy and other treatments of @entity1 with abnormal uterine @entity548 who had benign @entity1127 detected by sonohysterography. @entity1 with @entity1478 diagnosed by sonohysterography between January 1997 and July 1998 were sent questionnaires on pretreatment and posttreatment uterine @entity548 and satisfaction with their treatments. Charts were reviewed to validate questionnaire responses and determine treatments administered. RESULTS: Seventy-eight @entity1 had @entity1478 by sonohysterography, and 60 of them (77%) responded to the questionnaire. Two with @entity1204 were excluded. The average age of the remaining 58 was 49 years; 37 (64%) were premenopausal and 21 (36%) postmenopausal. The average time from treatment to follow-up was 13 months (range 5-24 months). @entity1 were grouped according to the following treatments: polypectomy, polypectomy plus endometrial ablation, polypectomy plus hysteroscopic myomectomy, hysterectomy, D_C, and nonsurgical treatment. The most frequent treatment was polypectomy (n = 26). Polypectomy, polypectomy plus endometrial ablation, polypectomy plus myomectomy, and hysterectomy each resulted in at least a twofold decrease in the number of @entity548 days per month and led to high satisfaction rates. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that simple polypectomy and more invasive surgical procedures led to subjective improvement in symptoms of @entity931 and @entity1867 and a high satisfaction rate in @entity1 with @entity1478 .

title: Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['metrorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial polyps']


abstract: We report the chemotherapeutic effect of @entity2059 in chronic chagasic @entity1 . The efficacy of treatment was analyzed by xenodiagnosis (XD), conventional serology (CS) and antibody dependent-complement mediated lysis test (CoML). Twenty chronic chagasic @entity1 from endemic areas of Chile were grouped according to the results of xenodiagnosis (XD) performed before therapy. The follow-up of @entity1 was performed at an average time of 42 months after treatment. No significative statistical differences were observed in the result of ELISA and Indirect Immunofluorescence test performed on serq before and after therapy with @entity2059 . In the group of @entity1 with positive XD before therapy, sera from six of them displayed lytic activity against @entity1527 . The lytic activity of only one of these sera became negative after therapy. In relation to XD, five of those @entity1 showed a positive tests at least once during the follow-up period. In the group of ten @entity1 with negative XD before therapy, sera from eight of them displayed lytic activity. At the end of the follow-up period seven of them became negative. Nine of the ten @entity1 maintained their original condition with respect to XD. These results suggests that parasitaemia level before therapy condition could be an important parameter to consider in the chemotherapy of @entity102 .

title: Effect of @entity2059 on lytic antibodies levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic Chagas disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged chemotherapy-induced @entity1398 is a major risk factor for the development of severe @entity2348 . Infectious manifestations may progress despite adequate anti-infectious treatment and lead to a very high short-term mortality. @entity8116 ( @entity8116 ) therapy is often considered. However, its efficacy is not well documented. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcome of a cohort of @entity1 with @entity5 receiving @entity8116 during @entity1398 and severe @entity281 . RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 with a median age of 46 y (range 3-82 y) who had received 1 or more @entity8116 were included. Acute @entity1778 (80%) and @entity1893 (17%) predominated as the underlying @entity5 . All @entity1 had severe and prolonged (median 16 days) @entity1398 . The major indications for @entity8116 were persistent @entity221 and clinical deterioration despite broad anti-infectious therapy, in combination with progressive @entity55 (n = 16), @entity24386 (n = 6), and soft tissue infections (n = 3). GTs were given for a median of 3 transfusions (range 1-14). The median time to @entity221 after @entity8116 was 14 days (range 6-33 days). For 11 @entity1 , the resolution of @entity221 and all signs of @entity281 could directly be related to @entity8116 , and 3 of these @entity1 became long-term survivors. Mortality at 30 days post- @entity8116 was 40% and at 6 months post- @entity8116 was 72%. @entity8116 was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of severely ill @entity1398 @entity1 appeared to benefit from @entity8116 . The results further underline the need for well- designed, randomized, prospective trials to determine the efficacy of this intervention in @entity1 with life-threatening infectious complications.

title: Clinical experience of granulocyte transfusion in the management of @entity1398 XXXX with @entity5 and severe @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity24386 :: ('MESH:D044504', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematological malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity8116 :: ('MESH:D007960', 'Disease') :: ['GT', 'Granulocyte transfusion']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever', 'fever defervescence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the coordination among hand movement, ground forces, and muscle activity in standing @entity64 @entity1 reaching forward and lifting an object from a table. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Research laboratory. @entity1 : Eight @entity64 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 serving as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Symmetry of percentage of body weight (BW) during initial standing, velocity and hand path trajectory, ankle muscle electromyography. Temporal and spatial parameters in percentage of movement time were recorded by using 2 forceplates, 3-dimensional kinematics, and surface electromyography. Motor function, sensory function, and functional performance were also assessed. RESULTS: Weight distribution during initial standing was significantly higher (57.4% +/- 8.1% BW) on the nonparetic leg. All subjects had preserved the preparatory loading phase, and after onset of hand movement loading shifted to the contralateral leg. Ankle muscle activity onset (lateral gastrocnemius [LG]) occurred after loading. In @entity64 subjects, LG was consistently activated first in the nonparetic leg, regardless of which arm performed the task. During paretic hand task, the reaching phase was significantly longer and the lifting phase significantly shorter compared with that of the nonparetic hand task and with that of the controls. In the paretic task, the hand path velocity was not bell-shaped; the object lifting was. CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 subjects preserve the coordination between ground forces and hand movement. The lack of spontaneous use of the paretic hand is primarily caused by difficulties of planning the hand trajectory in space, as reflected by temporal and spatial parameters during task performance.

title: Reaching-lifting-placing task during standing after XXXX : Coordination among ground forces, ankle muscle activity, and hand movement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']