abstract: These parameters were developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters (JTFPP), representing the American Academy of @entity566 , Asthma _ Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of @entity566 , Asthma _ Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of @entity566 , Asthma and Immunology. The AAAAI and the ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "A focused parameter update: @entity1659 , acquired @entity1659 , and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated @entity113 ." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all @entity1 . Because this document incorporated the efforts of many @entity1 , no single individual, including those who served on the JTFPP, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of @entity566 , Asthma and Immunology. The Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters understands that the cost of diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents is an important concern that might appropriately influence the work-up and treatment chosen for a given @entity1 . The JTFPP recognizes that the emphasis of our primary recommendations regarding a medication might vary, for example, depending on third-party payer issues and product patent expiration dates. However, because the cost of a given test or agent is so widely variable and there is a paucity of pharmacoeconomic data, the JTFPP generally does not consider cost when formulating practice parameter recommendations. In some instances the cost benefit of an intervention is considered relevant, and commentary might be provided. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion. The Joint Task Force is committed to ensuring that the practice parameters are based on the best scientific evidence that is free of commercial bias. To this end, the parameter development process includes multiple layers of rigorous review. These layers include the Workgroup convened to draft the parameter, the Task Force Reviewers, and peer review by members of each sponsoring society. Although the Task Force has the final responsibility for the content of the documents submitted for publication, each reviewer comment will be discussed, and reviewers will receive written responses to comments when appropriate. To preserve the greatest transparency regarding potential conflicts of interest, all members of the Joint Task Force and the Practice Parameters Workgroups will complete a standard potential conflict of interest disclosure form, which will be available for external review by the sponsoring organization and any other interested individual. In addition, before confirming the selection of a Workgroup chairperson, the Joint Task Force will discuss and resolve all relevant potential conflicts of interest associated with this selection. Finally, all members of parameter workgroups will be provided a written statement regarding the importance of ensuring that the parameter development process is free of commercial bias.

title: A focused parameter update: hereditary @entity113 , acquired @entity1659 , and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['C1 inhibitor deficiency', 'Hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

answer: @entity113 :: (MESH:D000799,Disease) :: ['angioedema']


abstract: @entity5 is a well-recognized syndrome in @entity1 @entity1 that is characterized by progressive @entity353 . The prevalence of this syndrome in @entity5 @entity1 is unknown. This study's objective was to investigate the occurrence of @entity353 and @entity3085 , as characterized by body condition scoring, in @entity235 presented to a veterinary oncology service. Information collected on 100 @entity235 included signalment, diagnosis, weight at time of diagnosis, and, when available, weight from a time approximately 12 months before diagnosis. Body condition was assessed by using a 9-point system based on body silhouette and palpation of adipose tissue (4-5 = optimal, 1 = extreme @entity3085 , 9 = extreme @entity28 ). Muscle wasting was scored based on palpation of skeletal muscle (3 = no wasting, 2 = mild, 1 = moderate, 0 = severe). Only 4% of the @entity235 exhibited @entity3085 as defined by a body condition score < or = 3, whereas 29% were classified as markedly overweight (> or = 7). Fifteen percent had evidence of clinically relevant @entity2057 (< or = 1). Body weight from a time before the diagnosis of @entity5 was available for 64 @entity235 . At the time of diagnosis, 31% had maintained or gained weight, 31% had lost up to 5%, 14% had lost between 5 and 10%, and 23% had lost >10% of body weight. Overall, the percentage of @entity235 with signs indicating a decline in nutritional status was less than what has been reported for @entity1 @entity5 @entity1 . Future studies should investigate the extent to which @entity353 occurs in @entity235 @entity1 on an appropriate plane of nutrition as well as to establish whether an association exists between poor nutritional status and outcome in @entity235 @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of body condition and @entity353 in XXXX presented to a veterinary oncology service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary weight loss', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer cachexia', 'cancer', 'veterinary cancer']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ), is a lipid mediator that binds to G-protein coupled receptors. @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ), a polypeptide growth factor, binds to the @entity470 ( @entity470 ), a receptor @entity669 kinase. Both @entity4991 and @entity4179 induce responses in @entity5 cells that include proliferation, migration, @entity3 , and induction of angiogenesis. @entity4991 has the potential to act as an autocrine/paracrine factor and can transactivate the @entity470 . This study explores the role of @entity10411 ( @entity10411 ) activation in @entity4991 production, as well as cross-talk between @entity4179 and @entity4991 receptors. We demonstrate that @entity4179 and @entity4991 both stimulate production of @entity4991 by @entity1 and SKOV3 @entity1 @entity43 cell lines. @entity28331 , an @entity470 -selective @entity669 kinase inhibitor, blocks @entity4991 production in response to both @entity4179 and @entity4991 in @entity1 and SKOV3 cells. Pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of @entity4991 receptor signaling, inhibits @entity4991 production in response to both @entity4179 and @entity4991 . Similar results were observed for the @entity4991 receptor antagonist, @entity28332 . Overexpression of @entity10411 increases @entity4991 production, while knockdown of @entity10411 blocks @entity4179 -induced @entity4991 production. A @entity28333 ( @entity28333 ) inhibitor also blocks @entity4991 - and @entity4179 -induced @entity4991 production. These results indicate that @entity4179 stimulates @entity4991 production in a manner that requires @entity10411 , and suggest that cross-talk can occur bidirectionally between @entity4179 and @entity4991 receptors.

title: @entity4179 increases @entity4990 production in XXXX @entity43 cells: roles for @entity10411 and receptor transactivation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which common life transitions influence medication adherence among @entity1 remains unknown. We examined whether retirement is associated with a change in adherence to medication in @entity1 with @entity101 or @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: @entity1 in the Finnish Public Sector study were linked to national registers. We included data for the years 1994-2011. We identified and followed 3468 adult @entity1 with @entity101 and 412 adult @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 for medication adherence for the 3 years before their retirement and the 4 years after their retirement (mean follow-up 6.8 yr). Our primary outcome was proportion of @entity1 with poor adherence to medication, which we defined as less than 40% of days covered by treatment. We determined these proportions before and after retirement using data from filled prescriptions. RESULTS: The preretirement prevalence of poor adherence to medication was 6% in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity101 , 2% in @entity1 with @entity6 and 4% in @entity1 with @entity6 . Among @entity1 , retirement was associated with an increased risk of poor adherence to both antihypertensive agents (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.68) and antidiabetic drugs (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.37-4.20). Among @entity1 , an increased risk of poor adherence was seen only for antihypertensive agents (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.46). Similar results were apparent for alternative definitions of poor adherence. Our results did not differ across strata of age, socioeconomic status or comorbidity. INTERPRETATION: We found a decline in adherence to medication after retirement among @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . If these findings can be confirmed, we need randomized controlled trials to determine whether interventions to reduce poor adherence after retirement could improve clinical outcomes of treatments for @entity101 and @entity6 .

title: Influence of retirement on nonadherence to medication for @entity101 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of oral @entity2993 for the treatment of @entity1569 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: University-affiliated @entity1569 outpatient clinic in Iran. @entity1 : Forty-two @entity1 aged 16-60 years with a diagnosis of acute or chronic @entity1569 with body surface area (BSA) involvement of greater than 10% were enrolled; 40 completed the study. Intervention. Oral @entity2993 40 mg/day (20 @entity1 ) or placebo (20 @entity1 ) was administered for 12 weeks; @entity1 ' topical therapies with emollients, keratolytics, and/or class V corticosteroids were continued during the study period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and percentage BSA involvement were used to assess the efficacy of therapy. Mean    SD baseline PASI scores were 7.42    1.90 and 6.92    1.76 in the @entity2993 and placebo groups, respectively. The primary outcomes were the degree of change in PASI scores and percentage BSA involvement from baseline to week 12. Significant improvement in @entity1569 lesions was observed in both the @entity2993 and placebo groups (p<0.001 for both groups). A 75% improvement in PASI score (PASI 75) was achieved in 8 @entity1 (40%) in the @entity2993 group and 7 @entity1 (35%) in the placebo group. However, no statistically significant differences were noted between the two treatment groups in mean PASI score, percentage BSA involvement, and PASI 75. In terms of adverse effects, @entity2993 was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity2993 40 mg/day was not associated with therapeutic benefit when given to @entity1 with baseline PASI scores less than 12 who were also treated with standard topical therapies. Additional trials are needed to elucidate the place of statins for the treatment of @entity1569 . A larger follow-up study, as well as testing @entity2993 in @entity1 with more intensive disease characterized by high PASI scores, is needed. Studies using higher @entity2993 doses or dose-ranging studies should also be performed.

title: XXXX for the treatment of @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque-type psoriasis']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['Atorvastatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide benchmarking information for a large national sample of @entity1 receiving inpatient rehabilitation after a @entity64 . DESIGN: Analysis of secondary data from 893 medical rehabilitation facilities located in the United States and contributing information to the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation from 2000 to 2007. RESULTS: Variables analyzed included demographic information (age, sex, marital status, race/ethnicity, prehospital living setting, and discharge setting), hospitalization information (length of stay, program interruptions, payer, event onset date, rehabilitation impairment group, International Classification of Diseases-9 codes for the admitting diagnosis, and comorbidities), and functional status information ( @entity15467 (R) instrument [" @entity15467 "] ratings at admission and discharge, @entity15467 efficiency, and @entity1017 ). Descriptive statistics revealed that the length of stay decreased from a mean of 19.6 (+/-12.8) days to 16.5 (+/-9.8) days during the 8-yr study period. @entity15467 instrument admission and discharge ratings also decreased. Mean admission ratings decreased from 62.5 (+/-20.1) to 55.1 (+/-19.3), and mean discharge ratings decreased from 86.4 (+/-23.6) to 79.8 (+/-24.0). @entity15467 change remained relatively stable; the mean for the entire sample was 23.9 (+/-14.8). The percent of @entity1 discharged to the community ranged from 75.8% in 2000 to 69.3% in 2007. All results are likely affected by changes in the definition for program interruption and procedures for @entity15467 data collection. CONCLUSION: Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation data from @entity1 with @entity64 receiving rehabilitation from 2000 to 2007 indicate @entity1 are showing improvement in functional independence during their rehabilitation stay, and a large percentage are discharged to community settings.

title: The uniform data system for medical rehabilitation: report of @entity1 with XXXX discharged from comprehensive medical programs in 2000-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility on the @entity1002 and cardiac function evaluation in @entity1 with permanent cardiac pacing by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity1817 post dual-chamber pacemaker implantation were enrolled in this study. Pacemakers were programmed to AAI, @entity3603 , and VVI respectively. After pacing for 5 minutes in each mode, @entity1 were examined with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Images in different pacing modes were obtained and analyzed by the off-line Qlab 4.2 software. Parameters including global and 17-segmental volume-time curves (VTCs), dispersion of time to minimal regional volume for 16, 12, and 6 left ventricular segments (Tmsv16-s, Tmsv12-s, Tmsv6-s), and maximal difference of time to minimal regional volume for l6, 12 and 6 left ventricular segments (Tmsv16-dif, Tmsv12-dif, Tmsv6-dif), end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume ( @entity5778 ), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured respectively. Parameters of peak filling rate (PFR), regional end diastolic volume (rEDV), regional end systolic volume (rESV), and regional ejection fraction (rEF) were also calculated. RESULTS: @entity1002 as reflected by VTCs, Tmsv16-s, Tmsv12-s, Tmsv6-s, Tmsv16-dif, Tmsv12-dif and Tmsv6-dif as well as parameters reflecting ventricular function, i.e., LVEF, PFR were significantly better in AAI mode than in @entity3603 and VVI models (all P < 0.05). All above indexes were similar between @entity3603 and VVI models (all P > 0.05). rEFs of left inferior wall in base, septum in base and apex were significantly lower in @entity3603 and VVI models compared that in AAI mode (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography can objectively and accurately evaluate @entity1002 and cardiac function in @entity1 with permanent cardiac pacing and AAI mode is superior to @entity3603 and VVI models.

title: [Evaluation on left ventricular systolic synchronicity and cardiac function in XXXX with permanent cardiac pacing by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic synchronism', 'Left ventricular systolic synchronism']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the fibrocartilaginous differentiation occurring in @entity924 . METHODS: Tendon samples were retrospectively collected from 23 @entity1 , who had undergone surgery for @entity924 resistant to conservative treatment. Based on histological scores, the biopts were subdivided into three categories: a light, moderate and severe histopathological stage. Throughout these stages, immunohistochemical staining was performed against @entity7597 , aggrecan and collagen type II, components characteristic for fibrocartilage. Staining of these components was evaluated using a semi-quantitative scoring method. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical scores of @entity7597 and aggrecan were statistically significant between the histopathological stages (P < 0.001). The immunohistochemical scores were positively correlated with the increasing histopathological stages [Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.93 for @entity7597 and 0.78 for aggrecan (P < 0.001)]. Staining for collagen type II remained negative throughout these stages. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical staining of the fibrocartilaginous components @entity7597 and aggrecan showed a progressive increase, correlated with a further evolved histopathological stage. This observation gave arguments for an increased differentiation towards fibrocartilaginous components at protein level in @entity924 .

title: Arguments for an increasing differentiation towards fibrocartilaginous components in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['midportion Achilles tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['midportion Achilles tendinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The hypothesized increased @entity715 entrapment during bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation in @entity583 , the so-called "snowshoe effect" has never been demonstrated. METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the BVS STEMI FIRST study matched with STEMI @entity1 implanted with @entity2239 -eluting metal stents (EES) and undergoing optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the index procedure were compared. Quantitative coronary angiography analysis and optical coherence tomography data for evaluation of @entity715 were reported. Percentage maximal footprint (%MFP) analysis as an indicator of the snowshoe effect was performed. RESULTS: A total of 302 @entity1 were analyzed (151 with BVS and 151 with EES). Of those @entity1 30 implanted with BVS and 17 implanted with EES were imaged at the index procedure with OCT. Baseline clinical characteristics, TIMI-flow and @entity715 burden were similar between groups. Aspiration thrombectomy was similarly performed in the two groups (BVS 83.3% vs 94.1% EES, p=0.405). At the end of the procedure, final TIMI 3 flow was achieved in 93.3% and 82.4% of BVS and EES @entity1 respectively (p=0.296). The %MFP was significantly higher in the BVS treated @entity1 (36.59  5.65% vs 17.61  4.30, p<0.001). The results of the OCT analysis showed a mean prolapse area (0.61  0.26mm(2) vs 0.90  0.31mm(2), p=0.001) and a percentage prolapse area (7.11  2.98mm(2) vs 9.98  2.90mm(2), p=0.002) significantly higher in the EES group. CONCLUSIONS: Scaffold structural characteristics such as strut width may play a role in terms of @entity715 dislodgment patterns and acute prolapsing material.

title: Differential @entity715 burden in either bioresorbable vascular scaffolds or metallic stents implanted during XXXX : The snowshoe effect: Insights from the maximal footprint analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic prolapse', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Extrathyroid extension is a prominent prognostic factor of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). In the UICC TNM classification, minimal extension to the sternothyroid muscle and perithyroid soft tissue is classified as T3 and further massive extension is classified as T4, the highest T grade. However, there have been few studies on the clinical significance of extension to the parathyroid gland in a large case series. In this study, we investigated the prognosis of @entity3557 with extension to the parathyroid gland in a series of 3208 @entity1 who underwent initial surgery between 1997 and 2004. Of these @entity1 , 51 (1.6%) showed extension to the parathyroid gland on pathological examination. Twenty-one of these @entity1 had massive extrathyroid extension to other adjacent organs corresponding to pT4. The remaining 30 were enrolled in this study. The disease-free survival (DFS) of these 30 @entity1 was significantly better (p<0.0001) than that of pT4 @entity1 and did not differ from that of @entity1 showing minimal extrathyroid extension without extension to the parathyroid gland (p = 0.6264). Furthermore, none of these 30 @entity1 died of @entity189 . Taken together, it is appropriate that extension to the parathyroid gland of @entity3557 is graded as minimal extrathyroid extension ( @entity1803 ), but not massive extension (pT4). Since minimal extension did not affect @entity1 prognosis in our series, it is suggested that extension to the parathyroid gland has little clinical significance in @entity3557 .

title: Clinical significance of extrathyroid extension to the parathyroid gland of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: This study evaluated the hypothesis that exogenous @entity842 (NO) supplementation during acute hemodilution with plasma expander (PE) provides beneficial effects on cardiac function. MAIN METHODS: Acute hemodilution in golden @entity329 was induced by a 40% of blood volume exchange with dextran 70 kDa. Intravascular NO supplementation after hemodilution was accomplished with a NO donor, @entity29201 ( @entity29201 ). The test group was treated with @entity29201 , while the control group received only vehicle. Left ventricular cardiac function was studied using pressure-volume measurements obtained with a miniaturized conductance catheter. KEY FINDINGS: Cardiac output increased to 122  5% and 107  1% of the baseline in the group treated with NO donor and the vehicle group, respectively. @entity64 work per @entity64 volume (SW/SV) after hemodilution reduced to 90% of the baseline and the NO donor significantly reduced SW/SV compared to the vehicle. The minimum rate of pressure change (dP/dt(min)) was significantly lower in animals treated with the NO donor compared to vehicle treated animals. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased to 62  5% of the baseline in the NO donor group whereas the vehicle group SVR decreased to 83  5% of the baseline. Using intravital microscopy analysis of microvessel in the dorsal skinfold window chamber, we established that the NO donor group induced significant vasodilation compared to the vehicle group. SIGNIFICANCE: NO supplementation in an acute hemodilution with PE has beneficial effects on cardiac performance. However, the NO supplementation effects with a NO donor are dose-independent and short-lasting.

title: Exogenous intravascular XXXX enhances ventricular function after hemodilution with plasma expander.

entities_list: @entity29201 :: ('MESH:C094210', 'Chemical') :: ['DETA NONOate', 'diethylenetriamine NONOate']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Combinations of drugs approved to treat @entity195 ( @entity195 ) were tested in older @entity95 with delay eyeblink classical conditioning, a form of associative learning severely impaired in @entity195 . In Experiment 1 (n=49 @entity95 ), low doses (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 0.0 (vehicle) mg/kg) of @entity3393 (Namenda) were tested. These three doses neither improved nor impaired acquisition at a statistically significant level. The 0.5 mg/kg dose had the greatest effect numerically and did not cause sensitization or habituation in explicitly unpaired controls. In Experiment 2 (n=56), doses of @entity11545 ( @entity11545 ; 3.0 mg/kg) and @entity8124 (Aricept; 0.75 mg/kg) that had comparable magnitudes of cholinesterase inhibition were tested alone and in combination with 0.5 mg/kg @entity3393 . Older @entity95 treated with @entity11545 and with @entity11545 + @entity3393 learned significantly better than vehicle-treated @entity95 , but adding @entity3393 did not improve learning over @entity11545 alone. Older @entity95 treated with @entity8124 or a combination of @entity3393 and @entity8124 did not learn significantly better than @entity95 treated with vehicle. @entity11545 has two mechanisms of action: mild cholinesterase inhibition and allosteric modulation of nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs). When equated for cholinesterase inhibition, @entity11545 had significant efficacy in the eyeblink conditioning model system, but @entity8124 did not, indicating that modulation of nAChRs may be the mechanism that significantly ameliorates @entity4207 in this model. In the absence of @entity195 in older @entity95 , @entity3393 had no efficacy alone or in combination with the other drugs.

title: Preclinical investigation of the functional effects of XXXX and @entity3393 combined with @entity11545 or @entity8124 .

entities_list: @entity11545 :: ('MESH:D005702', 'Chemical') :: ['Razadyne', 'galantamine', 'Galantamine']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", 'AD neuropathology']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3393 :: (MESH:D008559,Chemical) :: ['memantine']


abstract: Long-term relapse prevention is the biggest challenge in treating @entity167 -dependent @entity1 . It is equally based on psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Psychotherapy includes motivational interviewing, community reinforcement, cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational enhancement, twelve-step facilitation, social network behaviour therapy, cue exposure, etc. For pharmacological treatment, we dispose of @entity9853 , @entity14081 and @entity836 . Reviews and meta-analyses reveal only modest effect sizes of these approaches probably because they are usually tested in large and heterogeneous samples where "one size does not fit all". However, attempts to form more homogeneous subgroups for which specific psychotherapies should be more effective ("matching") also failed. We suppose that this failure may have to do with the fact that these studies used only psychopathology and behavioural analyses as a basis for subtyping. Things look more promising once biologically defined endophenotypes are used as well in order to form more homogeneous subgroups. For example, @entity836 treatment seems more effective in carriers of a specific variant of the mu-opioid receptor gene. The same could be true for @entity14081 if a newly found polymorphism was used to preselect potential responders. Very recently biological differences between @entity1 groups are also being detected using functional imaging. @entity836 is suggested to work better in a subgroup of @entity1 with higher cue reactivity when shown appetitive @entity167 pictures. MR spectroscopy of brain @entity2227 levels may detect potential @entity14081 responders. On such a basis, an individualised approach in the treatment of @entity988 ("personalised medicine") seems to hold promise.

title: Individualised treatment in XXXX -dependent @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity9853 :: ('MESH:D004221', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfiram']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity14081 :: ('MESH:C043877', 'Chemical') :: ['acamprosate']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous molecular studies showed that the @entity3470 inhibitor @entity3446 prevents bladder smooth @entity2086 in vitro. We investigated the effect of @entity3446 treatment in vivo on bladder smooth @entity2086 in a @entity35 model of partial @entity1876 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 female @entity35 underwent partial @entity1876 and received daily subcutaneous injections of @entity3446 (1 mg/kg) or vehicle commencing 2 weeks postoperatively. A total of 36 @entity35 underwent sham surgery and received @entity3446 or vehicle. @entity35 were sacrificed 3, 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. Before sacrifice, voiding was observed in a metabolic cage for 24 hours. Bladder-to-body weight in gm bladder weight per kg body weight and post-void residual urine were assessed. We evaluated @entity25256 , @entity26841 , @entity4116 and @entity20742 mRNA expression and histology. Two-factor ANOVA and the post hoc t test were applied. RESULTS: Bladder @entity1876 caused a significant increase in bladder weight in all obstructed groups. Three weeks postoperatively (1 week of treatment) there was no difference in the bladder-to-body weight ratio in the obstructed group. However, at 6 and 12 weeks (4 and 10 weeks of treatment, respectively) the bladder-to-body weight ratio of @entity35 with obstruction plus @entity3446 was significantly lower than that of @entity35 with obstruction plus vehicle. Post-void residual urine volume after 6 and 12 weeks of obstruction was lower in obstructed @entity35 with @entity3446 compared to that in obstructed @entity35 with vehicle. @entity3446 decreased the obstruction induced expression of @entity25256 , @entity26841 , @entity4116 and @entity20742 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3446 prevents mechanically induced @entity1184 in cardiovascular smooth muscle. In vivo @entity3470 inhibition may @entity536 induced detrusor @entity1184 and help preserve @entity1494 .

title: @entity3446 attenuates XXXX during long-term @entity1876 in vivo: tissue, matrix and mechanistic insights.

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder function']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin', 'rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuate obstruction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley   rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction', 'outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this preliminary study was analyze the possible alterations in some salivary interleukins, usually associated with the inflammatory processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised three groups: group 1, with 26 cases with @entity171 -related @entity2530 of the jaws (BRONJ). Group 2, with 29 @entity1 who had received iBF but without BRONJ. Group 3, with 26 control @entity1 not treated with BF and without oral lesions. We collected unstimulated whole saliva in all groups. A semiquantitative study was performed based on a cytokine array panel. We used the proteome profiler array for the study. We analyzed: @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ), @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ), and @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ). RESULTS: We found higher salivary values for all the cytokines studied in group 1 than in group 2 and 3. @entity1356 showed the major differences compared with control group. (P < 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study confirms that there are alterations in these interleukins in @entity1 with BRONJ. These results give support to further additional salivary studies on these biomarkers by quantitative measures.

title: XXXX -related @entity2530 of the jaws: a preliminary study of salivary interleukins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1RA', 'interleukin-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity171 :: (MESH:D004164,Chemical) :: ['Bisphosphonates']


abstract: Fine-needle aspiration cytology for @entity1558 and cytopathologic correlations. An Italian peripheral hospital experience with 440 cases (from 2000 to 2007). S. Erra, D. Costamagna In the present study, we evaluate our experience with Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) for the diagnosis of @entity0 . Our intent is to correlate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for @entity1558 on the basis of their respective histopathologic results. We retrospectively examined 440 cases of @entity1558 who underwent FNAC and subsequently had definitive histopathologic diagnosis. The @entity1 were observed over a period of eight years (from January 2000 to December 2007) at the "Santo Spirito" Hospital of Casale Monferrato, a general peripheral hospital in the North-West Italy (Piemonte Region). The results of FNAC were expressed using the five diagnostic categories recommended by European Guidelines on @entity0 as follows: 159 C5 cases (36,1%), 88 C4 (20%), 51 C3 (11,6%), 42 C2 (9,5%), and 100 C1 (22,7%). The statistical analysis revealed these values: sensitivity 93.8% (C5+C4), specificity 79.6%, C5 positive predictive value 97.5%, C2 negative predictive value 83.3%, false positive fraction 2.5%, false negative fraction 16.6%, diagnostic accuracy 71.2%. In consideration to the low cost and the low disconfort for @entity1 , we consider FNAC a safe and feasible procedure, in particular in the context of peripheral hospitals, where a sophisticated technology is not available. We remark the importance of a good selection of @entity1 to obtain the best results from the procedure.

title: Fine-needle aspiration cytology for XXXX and cytopathologic correlations. An Italian peripheral hospital experience with 440 cases (from 2000 to 2007).

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to measure the radial occult microscopic spread of @entity5 in @entity1 with invasive @entity957 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the operating room the gross @entity5 border was marked. The pathologist took a radial section in each quadrant and measured the distance of occult lateral spread of the @entity5 . RESULTS: From 7/01/93 to 6/30/96, 24 @entity5 from 21 @entity1 were studied. The mean maximum @entity5 diameter was 3. 2 cm (0.5-7.0) and the mean depth of invasion was 9.1 mm (1.1-28.0). The gross and microscopic extent correlated in 20 @entity5 . Maximum lateral microscopic extent of the other 4 @entity5 was 3.5, 5 (to the margin), 10, and 16 mm. These 4 @entity5 were @entity1066 and infiltrative and arose from or involved mucosa. CONCLUSION: The gross and microscopic periphery of most invasive @entity5 are approximately the same. @entity5 with an infiltrative pattern of invasion which involve @entity33 may be more likely to extend beyond what is grossly apparent. Measurement of the @entity5 -free margin should be included in future studies.

title: Lateral microscopic extension of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'squamous vulvar cancers', 'Ulcerative tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal epithelium']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva']


abstract: 1. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy to image [ @entity141 ]i within intact @entity19 islets of Langerhans, we analysed the [ @entity141 ]i signals generated by @entity413 in immunocytochemically identified alpha-, beta- and delta-cells. 2. Glucagon-containing alpha-cells exhibited [ @entity141 ]i oscillations in the absence of @entity413 , which petered out when islets were exposed to high @entity413 concentrations. 3. @entity1943 -containing delta-cells were silent in the absence of @entity413 but concentrations of @entity413 as low as 3 mM elicited oscillations. 4. In pancreatic beta-cells, a characteristic oscillatory @entity460 pattern was evoked when @entity413 levels were raised from 3 to 11 mM and this was synchronized throughout the beta-cell population. Remarkably, [ @entity141 ]i oscillations in non-beta-cells were completely asynchronous, both with respect to each other and to beta-cells. 5. These results demonstrate that the islet of Langerhans behaves as a functional syncytium only in terms of beta-cells, implying a pulsatile secretion of insulin. However, the lack of a co-ordinated @entity460 signal in alpha- and delta-cells implies that each cell acts as an independent functional unit and the concerted activity of these units results in a smoothly graded secretion of glucagon and @entity1943 . Understanding the @entity460 signals underlying glucagon and @entity1943 secretion may be of importance in the treatment of @entity2175 since both glucagon and @entity1943 appear to regulate insulin release in a paracrine fashion.

title: Homologous and heterologous asynchronicity between identified alpha-, beta- and delta-cells within intact islets of Langerhans in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin', 'Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Liver transplantation (LT) is the best theoretical treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) fulfilling the Milan criteria (TNM stages 1-2). However, LT is limited by organ availability and @entity5 progression on the waiting list. Liver resection (LR) may represent an alternative in these @entity1 . The aim of this study is to report the results of LR in transplantable @entity1 . @entity1 : From 1990 to 2007, 274 @entity1 underwent liver resection for @entity157 . Sixty-seven (24%) met the Milan criteria on pathologic study of the specimen. Ten were TNM stage 1 and 57 stage 2 and all had @entity409 . There were 56 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 with a mean age of 63. LR included 12 major hepatectomies, 14 bisegmentectomies, 14 segmentectomies, and 27 nonanatomic resections. Thirty-seven resections were performed through a laparoscopic approach and there were only 8 open resections since 1998. RESULTS: Three @entity1 died postoperatively (4.5%), none after laparoscopic resection. Morbidity rate was 34%. After a mean follow-up of 4.8 years, 36 @entity1 (54%) developed @entity5 recurrence. Twenty-eight (77%) were again transplantable of which 16 (44%) were transplanted. Two additional @entity1 underwent pre-emptive LT (ie before recurrence). When considering 44 @entity1 <65 years at the time of resection (ie upper age limit for LT), the rates of recurrence, transplantable recurrence, and intention to treat salvage transplantation ( @entity1 with transplantable recurrence actually transplanted) were 59%, 80%, and 61%, respectively. Overall and disease free 5-year survival rates were 72% and 44%, respectively. Survival was not influenced by TNM stage 1 or 2, @entity160 level, @entity5 differentiation, or the presence microscopic vascular invasion. Survival after salvage LT was 70% and 87% when calculated from the date of LT and LR, respectively. CONCLUSION: LR for small solitary @entity157 in compensated @entity82 yields an overall survival rate comparable to upfront LT. Despite a significant recurrence rate, close imaging monitoring after resection allows salvage LT in 61% of @entity1 with recurrence on intention to treat analysis.

title: Liver resection for transplantable XXXX : long-term survival and role of secondary liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intrahepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Symptomatic @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) results in significant @entity73 . In an attempt to fully delineate and quantify these gait alterations, we analyzed joint kinematics, torques (rotational forces), and powers (rotational forces times angular velocity) in @entity1 with @entity3657 with @entity613 for both the affected and nonaffected legs. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with unilateral @entity3657 (age, 61.69 +/- 10.53 years, ankle-brachial index [ABI]: affected limb 0.59 +/- 0.25; nonaffected limb 0.93 +/- 0.12) and 10 healthy controls (age, 67.23 +/- 12.67 years, ABI >1.0 all subjects) walked over a force platform to acquire gait kinetics, while joint kinematics were recorded simultaneously. Data were collected for the affected and nonaffected limbs during @entity158 free ( @entity3657 -PF) and @entity158 induced ( @entity3657 -P) trials. Kinetics and kinematics were combined to quantify torque and powers during the stance period from the hip, knee, and @entity3681 . RESULTS: The affected limb demonstrated significantly (P <.05) reduced @entity3681 compared to controls during late stance in both @entity3657 -PF and @entity3657 -P trials. There were significant reductions in @entity3681 power generation during late stance for both the affected (P <.05) and nonaffected limbs (P <.05) compared to control during @entity3657 -PF and @entity3657 -P trials. No significant differences were noted in torque comparing the nonaffected limbs in @entity3657 -PF and @entity3657 -P conditions to control for knee and @entity572 throughout the stance phase. Significant reductions were found in knee power absorption in early stance and knee power generation during mid stance for both limbs of the @entity1 with @entity3657 as compared to control (P <.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity3657 with @entity613 demonstrate significant @entity73 in both limbs that are present even before they experience any @entity613 symptoms. Overall, our data demonstrate significantly reduced @entity3681 and power during late stance with reduced knee power during early and mid stance for the affected limb. Further studies are needed to determine if these findings are dependent on the location and the severity of @entity63 and whether the changes in the nonaffected limb are the result of underlying @entity3657 or compensatory changes from the affected @entity4218 .

title: Joint torques and powers are reduced during ambulation for both limbs in XXXX with @entity613 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints', 'ankle plantar flexion torque', 'ankle plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity ischemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['gait impairments', 'gait impairment']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication', 'unilateral claudication']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joints']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity28 , adipose tissue becomes a significant source of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines that are associated with chronic systemic low-grade @entity32 and may lead to @entity2690 resistance. Studies in @entity1 have mainly focused on inflammatory cytokines and there are limited data for chemokines in adolescents and young adults. We studied the relation of chemokines to cardiovascular (CV)-risk factors, @entity2690 resistance and adipocytokines in 18-21-year-old individuals. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional data collected in a cohort originally enrolled at mean age 13, with data for the present study obtained from 252 examined at age 18.7  0.1 years. METHODS: Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the associations among chemokines ( @entity2842 , @entity12868 ( @entity12868 ), @entity26156 and @entity687 ( @entity687 )) and between chemokines and body mass index (BMI), @entity413 , lipids, blood pressure (BP), @entity2690 resistance (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp) and adipocytokines ( @entity650 , @entity310 and @entity1254 ). RESULTS: Chemokine levels were significantly intercorrelated. Significant associations (P<0.05) with adjustment for age, race and sex included: @entity12868 with waist circumference and @entity650 , @entity687 with systolic BP and @entity26156 with @entity650 . No other significant relations were found between the chemokines and the other variables. Further adjustment for BMI did not alter these conclusions. CONCLUSION: Considered in the context of prior studies in @entity1 and adults, these results suggest that in large part, the association between chemokines and CV risk or inflammatory factors does not appear to develop until adult life.

title: Relation of chemokines to BMI and XXXX resistance at ages 18-21.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity12868 :: ('6351', 'Gene') :: ['MIP-1b', 'macrophage inflammatory protein-1b']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate prospectively the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic @entity384 in a consecutive cohort of symptomatic intestinal @entity30 . METHODS: Between September 2003 and December 2008 we performed @entity384 in 37 @entity30 @entity1 with 39 intestinal symptomatic strictures (4 na  ve and 35 postoperative). Dilations were performed using a Rigiflex through-the-scope balloon. Clinical success rate was claimed if a @entity1 remained asymptomatic and did not require surgery or further @entity384 , following technical success. Actuarial curves of clinical, endoscopic (redilation) and surgical recurrence were obtained by Kaplan-Meier method. Demographic and disease variables were related to the main outcomes. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 26.3 months (range, 2-61 months), the long-term global benefit rate was 89% (33/37). The 1-2-3 years cumulative symptom-free rates were respectively: 76%, 55% and 46%. Four @entity1 were operated upon. Technical success predicts a lower rate of surgery. There were no complications related to the endoscopic procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic balloon dilation of symptomatic @entity30 may achieve clinical benefit in many @entity1 and is a valid alternative to surgery in the management of the disease. Dilation may be repeated in recurrent @entity1321 and appears safe without morbidity.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX of symptomatic intestinal @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['hydrostatic balloon dilation', 'endoscopic balloon dilations', 'endoscopic dilation']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease strictures", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstructions']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['endoscopic balloon dilation']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity1464 was investigated in adults by age and gender and in relation to their dental status and frequency of toothbrushing. A total of 258 dentate subjects were clinically examined. Their mean age was 46 years and they had an average of 19.4 natural teeth. @entity1464 was recorded as present if any root surface was clearly visible without retraction of the gingival tissue. Recession was found on at least one tooth surface in 68% of subjects. Mean number of surfaces with recession was 7.2 for @entity1 and 10.4 for @entity1 . Subjects with @entity1464 had fewer natural teeth than did those without recession. The two groups did not differ from each other in the number of filled teeth and @entity1547 . Mandibular teeth had more surfaces with recession than did maxillary ones. Sites of recession occurred quite symmetrically. Frequent toothbrushers had, both in the maxilla and mandible, more surfaces with recession than had those brushing their teeth infrequently. Frequent toothbrushing had a greater association with recession among @entity1 and in the youngest age group.

title: Occurrence of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession', 'Gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['decayed teeth']

answer: @entity1464 :: (MESH:D005889,Disease) :: ['gingival recession']


abstract: In the past, segments were defined by landmarks such as @entity121 , notably by Snodgrass, the king of insect anatomists. Here, we show how an objective definition of a segment, based on developmental compartments, can help explain the dorsal abdomen of adult @entity238 . The anterior (A) compartment of each segment is subdivided into two domains of cells, each responding differently to Hedgehog. The anterior of these domains is non-neurogenic and clones lacking Notch develop normally; this domain can express stripe and form @entity121 . The posterior domain is neurogenic and clones lacking Notch do not form cuticle; this domain is unable to express stripe or form @entity121 . The posterior (P) compartment does not form @entity121 . Our in vivo films indicate that early in the pupa the anterior domain of the A compartment expresses stripe in a narrowing zone that attracts the extending myotubes and resolves into the attachment sites for the dorsal abdominal muscles. We map the tendon cells precisely and show that all are confined to the anterior domain of A. It follows that the dorsal abdominal muscles are intersegmental, spanning from one anterior domain to the next. This view is tested and supported by clones that change cell identity or express stripe ectopically. It seems that growing myotubes originate in posterior A and extend forwards and backwards until they encounter and attach to anterior A cells. The dorsal adult muscles are polarised in the anteroposterior axis: we disprove the hypothesis that muscle orientation depends on genes that define planar cell polarity in the epidermis.

title: The muscle pattern of the XXXX abdomen depends on a subdivision of the anterior compartment of each segment.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle attachments']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: When we started this investigation we were convinced that we would not be able to collect enough fatal cases to enable us to analyse the various causes of @entity204 following operation for @entity357 . To our surprise, inquiries made at 53 paediatric surgical centres produced a total of 67 fatalities. Most of these deaths could have been prevented if the following rules would have been followed: 1. The diagnosis must be made early and therapy must be commenced as soon as possible before there is a deterioration of the @entity1 's general state of health increasing the risk of operation. 2. It is important to be familiar with the various operative techniques and the possible complications which they can produce. 3. Follow-up examinations are essential as certain complications will be detected by the @entity1 himself only too late! Mortality and morbidity of @entity357 should be very small if the correct treatment has been carried out. Nissen's fundoplication, Rehbein's hiatal plasty and gastropexy, Lortat-Jacob/ @entity10149 's oesophagogastropexy and their modifications, all carry a low mortality and are followed by good results stopping the @entity354 .

title: Mortality after operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['hiatus hernia']


abstract: Clinical and serological characterization of @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ) helps in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring course of disease. In the present study, we serologically characterized the red-cell-bound autoantibodies in diagnosed @entity5506 @entity1 with regards to antibody class, subclass, direct antiglobulin test (DAT) strength, and their correlation with in vivo @entity2142 . A total of 157 samples were evaluated for DAT. Clinically and serologically, 43 of them were diagnosed as @entity5506 . Detailed serological characterization of autoantibodies was performed in these 43 @entity1 using the gel technology. Hematological and biochemical parameters were obtained from the Hospital Information System. Polyspecific (immunoglobulin G (IgG) + C3) DAT-positive samples were tested for monospecific DAT (IgG, IgM, IgA, C3c, and @entity8428 ) and IgG subclass (IgG1 and @entity3172 ). Thermal amplitude of autoantibodies was determined on eluates. Median age of the @entity1 was 31 years (range, 12-70 years) with male to female ratio of 1:3.3. In 55.8% of @entity1 , @entity5506 was secondary to an underlying disorder. @entity1 with strong reactive DAT had increased likelihood of @entity2142 (p = 0.000). IgG was the solitary autoantibody coating the red cells in 72.1% of @entity1 . Red cells coated with multiple immunoglobulins/complements and IgG subclass IgG1 and/or @entity3172 were more susceptible to undergo @entity2142 . Gel technology helps the immunohematologist to diagnose and serologically characterize @entity5506 @entity1 with regard to red-cell-bound autoantibodies' class, subclass, and titer as these correlate with in vivo @entity2142 .

title: Clinical and serological characterization of XXXX in a tertiary care hospital in North India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'AIHA']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']


abstract: The @entity2590 represent a preleukaemic state in which a clonal abnormality of haemopoietic stem cell is characterised by a variety of phenotypic manifestations with varying degrees of ineffective haemopoiesis. This state probably develops as a sequence of events in which the earliest stages may be difficult to detect by conventional pathological techniques. The process is characterised by genetic changes leading to abnormal control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Expansion of an abnormal clone may be related to independence from normal growth factors, insensitivity to normal inhibitory factors, suppression of normal clonal growth, or changes in the immunological or nutritional condition of the host. The haematological picture is of peripheral @entity1503 : a cellular bone marrow, and functional abnormalities of erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic cells. In most cases marrow cells have an abnormal DNA content, often with disturbances of the cell cycle: an abnormal karyotype is common in premalignant clones. Growth abnormalities of erythroid or granulocyte-macrophage progenitors are common in marrow cultures, and lineage specific surface membrane markers indicate aberrations of differentiation. @entity74 may occur through clonal expansion or through @entity2214 with a greater degree of @entity5 . Current attempts to influence abnormal growth and differentiation have had only limited success. Clinical recognition of the syndrome depends on an acute awareness of the signs combined with the identification of clonal and functional abnormalities.

title: XXXX : pathogenesis, functional abnormalities, and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Progression of the disorder']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['Myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical outcome of @entity7592 of childhood (ANEC), an @entity75 characterized by symmetrical involvement of the thalami, has historically been poor, but recent studies have reported better outcomes. By devising a MR imaging scoring system, we determined the relationship between characteristic MR findings and clinical outcome of @entity1 with ANEC. METHODS: MR studies of 12 @entity1 with ANEC were retrospectively reviewed. A MR imaging score was calculated for each @entity1 according to the presence of @entity548 , cavitation, and location of lesions. Clinical outcome of the @entity1 was assessed, yielding outcome categories based on health state utility value. Spearman rank test was used to correlate the MR imaging score with clinical outcome of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Statistically significant correlation (r = 0.76, P = .001) was found between the MR score and the outcome category. The thalami were involved in all 12 @entity1 , brain stem in 10, cerebral white matter in 8, and cerebellar white matter in 4. @entity548 was present in 5 @entity1 and cavitation in 4. Clinical outcome category was 1 in 2 @entity1 , 2 in 8 @entity1 , and 3 in 2 @entity1 . No @entity1 were in category 4. CONCLUSION: There is a significant and positive correlation between the clinical outcome and the MR imaging score in @entity1 with ANEC. The relation between clinical outcome and each individual MR feature remains to be determined. @entity1 with ANEC may have a better clinical outcome than has been previously reported.

title: XXXX of childhood: correlation of MR findings and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

answer: @entity7592 :: (MESH:D015882,Disease) :: ['Acute necrotizing encephalopathy']


abstract: Detection and typing of @entity291 @entity1271 pathogens are currently limited by time-consuming and culture-based techniques. In this work, a novel genus-specific DNA marker for @entity5967 and species-specific DNA markers for the prevalent @entity1271 pathogens @entity5967 and @entity8211 were designed and assessed. In order to enable further discrimination of these @entity1271 -causing streptococci, metabolic and pathogenicity-related genes were used to infer additional functional markers. A total of 12 DNA markers were validated with a set of 50 reference strains and isolates, representative of the @entity5967 genus, of closely related species and of microorganisms with matching habitats. The experimental validation, using dot blot hybridization under high stringency conditions, confirmed the specificity of the selected markers. The broad-spectrum taxonomic marker (ST1) was specific to the @entity5967 genus and the markers selected for @entity5967 (A1 and A2) and @entity8211 (U1 and U2) were shown to be species-specific. The functional markers revealed strain-specific patterns of @entity5967 and @entity8211 . Markers derived from the @entity948 operon (FO1 and FO3) were specific to @entity291 isolates of @entity5967 , and the nisin operon markers (NU1 and NU3) were able to discriminate isolates belonging to @entity5967 and @entity8211 . The virulence-associated markers (V1, V2 and V3) allowed the detection of @entity8211 and of closely related species. This work suggests that the combined use of these novel taxa-specific markers coupled with discriminatory functional markers presents a promising approach for the rapid and cost-effective detection and discrimination of common @entity291 @entity1271 -causing pathogens, which will contribute to an improved treatment and control of this disease.

title: Detection and discrimination of common XXXX @entity1271 -causing streptococci.

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae', 'S. agalactiae', 'Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis', 'S. uberis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with relapse following treatment for @entity697 among adults presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). DESIGN: Prospective inception cohort study performed during October 1996 to December 1996 and April 1997 to June 1997, as part of the Multicenter Asthma Research Collaboration. SETTING: Thirty-six EDs in 18 states. @entity1 : @entity341 @entity1 , aged 18 to 54 years, with physician diagnosis of @entity697 . For the present analysis, we restricted the cohort to @entity1 sent home from the @entity341 (n = 971), then further excluded @entity1 with comorbid respiratory conditions (n = 32). This left 939 eligible subjects to have follow-up data. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Two weeks after being sent home from the @entity341 , @entity1 were contacted by telephone. A relapse was defined as an urgent or unscheduled visit to any physician for worsening @entity565 symptoms during the 14-day follow-up period. Complete follow-up data were available for 641 @entity1 , of whom 17% reported relapse (95% confidence interval, 14 to 20). There was no significant difference in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) between @entity1 who suffered relapse and those who did not. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis (controlling for age, gender, race, and primary care provider status), @entity1 who suffered relapse were more likely to have a history of numerous @entity341 (odds ratio [OD] 1.3 per 5 visits) and urgent clinic visits (OR 1.4 per 5 visits) for @entity565 in the past year, use a home nebulizer (OR 2.2), report multiple triggers of their @entity565 (OR 1.1 per trigger), and report a longer duration of symptoms (OR 2.5 for 1 to 7 days). CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 sent home from the @entity341 following @entity697 therapy, 17% will have a relapse and PEFR does not predict who will develop this outcome. By contrast, several historical features were associated with increased risk. Further research should focus on ways to decrease the relapse rate among these high-risk @entity1 . The clinician may wish to consider these historical factors when making @entity341 decisions.

title: Prospective multicenter study of relapse following treatment for XXXX among adults presenting to the @entity341 . MARC investigators. Multicenter Asthma Research Collaboration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Young @entity1 with severe @entity3572 usually present with varying degrees of peripheral airway obstruction and difficulty with feeding. Early treatment is important for such @entity1 . Distraction osteogenesis (DO) using intra-oral devices provides an excellent alternative when other surgical techniques do not prove to be satisfactory. AIM OF THE WORK: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of intra-oral bilateral DO in the treatment of severe @entity3572 in early childhood. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 (4 females and 3 males), their ages ranged from 7 months to 8 years (with a mean of 34 months). They presented with severe @entity3572 with @entity27 and difficulty in feeding. All @entity1 were treated with bilateral mandibular DO, using an intra-oral unidirectional unburied distractor. The average follow-up period was 3.7 years (range, 2-5 years). RESULTS: The @entity1 were successfully treated using bilateral intra-oral unidirectional distractor by the use of a modified technique. After completion of distraction, @entity8895 was corrected in all @entity1 . The "subjective" symptoms had disappeared completely or had been alleviated. The mean effective airway space increase (defined by the lateral cephalograms measurements) was 70.5% (range, 31-105%, p<0.01) when compared with pre-distraction. The apnoea/hypopnoea index was lowered from 60 (9.8-126.5) to 1.57 (0-16.4) and the @entity25 had disappeared. The mean @entity26 saturation increase was from 80% to 98% post-distraction. CONCLUSION: DO can consistently produce a measurable cross-section airway improvement in @entity1 as young as 7 months.

title: Bilateral intra-oral distraction osteogenesis for the management of severe XXXX in early childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3572 :: ('MESH:D008336', 'Disease') :: ['congenital mandibular hypoplasia', 'mandibular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

entities_list: @entity8895 :: ('MESH:D063173', 'Disease') :: ['retrognathia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea symptoms']

answer: @entity3572 :: (MESH:D008336,Disease) :: ['congenital mandibular hypoplasia']


abstract: @entity3774 ( @entity26889 ) induces a rapid reduction in @entity1420 production (functional luteolysis) followed by @entity528 and cell death (structural luteolysis). Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) including @entity842 (NO) play crucial roles in the luteolytic action of @entity26889 . The local concentration of intraluteal ROS is controlled by @entity224 dismutase (SOD), the main enzyme involved in the control of intraluteal ROS. To clarify the roles of NO in the regulation of SOD in luteolysis, we examined the effects of NO on SOD expression and activity in cultured @entity291 luteal endothelial cells (LECs) during short-term (2 h, mimicking functional luteolysis) and long-term (24 h, mimicking structural luteolysis) incubation. We also investigated whether NO modulates @entity26889 production by LECs. LECs were isolated from mid-luteal phase CLs, and exposed to @entity26890 (a NO donor) for 2 or 24 h. SOD mRNA expression was stimulated by @entity26890 (10-100 microM) at 2 h (P<0.05). Moreover, 10 microM @entity26890 stimulated SOD protein expression and SOD activity at 2 h (P<0.05), whereas @entity26890 inhibited SOD mRNA and protein expressions at 24 h (P<0.05). @entity26890 stimulated @entity26889 biosynthesis at both incubation times. The overall findings suggest that NO differently regulates SOD in cultured LECs, depending on the exposure time. Acute elevation of SOD may represent a response of LECs to protect themselves against oxidative stress induced by @entity26889 during functional luteolysis, whereas a later reduction of SOD levels by NO may facilitate an excess of intraluteal ROS during structural luteolysis.

title: Role of XXXX in the regulation of @entity224 dismutase and @entity3774 production in @entity291 luteal endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['tissue degeneration']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Two hundred @entity1 who were taking daily symptomatic or immediate relief medications, often in excessive quantities, yet suffering from daily or near daily severe @entity10 were studied. One hundred and sixteen (58%) of them were also taking concomitant prophylactic medications and they were ineffective. Low @entity6114 , low @entity5834 dietary instructions and biofeedback training were given to all @entity1 . The effect of continuing symptomatic medications, discontinuing symptomatic medications, and adding or changing prophylactic medications were studied in the various treatment groups. It is concluded that; 1.) Daily use of symptomatic or immediate relief medications result in chronic @entity2794 . 2.) Discontinuing daily symptomatic medications itself result in improvement of @entity10 . 3.) Concomitant use of symptomatic medications nullifies the effect of prophylactic medications. 4.) Discontinuing daily symptomatic medications enhances the beneficial effect of prophylactic medications.

title: Drug induced XXXX --clinical features and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['daily headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['refractory headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors have previously reported 2 consecutive phase 2 trials in @entity1 with early @entity0 that overexpresses @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) to assess the feasibility of incorporating anti- @entity1722 therapies into dose-dense (dd) chemotherapy regimens. The incidence of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) at a median follow-up of 2 years was 1.4% and 3.2%, respectively. METHODS: In trial A, @entity1 received dd @entity632 and @entity786 (AC) > @entity1311 (T) (each given every 2 weeks) *   4 with trastuzumab (H) given *   1 year. In trial B, weekly T (weekly *   12) was substituted for ddT and @entity9433 *   1 year was added. Herein, the authors report the longer-term incidence of @entity712 and distant disease-free survival (DDFS). RESULTS: From January 2005 to May 2008, 165 @entity1 enrolled (median age, 46 years, with a median left ventricular ejection fraction of 68% [range, 52%-81%]), 17%of whom had previous @entity101 . With a median follow-up of 84 months (trial A) and 57 months (trial B), 1 additional @entity1 developed @entity712 . Therefore, the cumulative incidence of @entity712 was 1.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.36%-7.7%) for trial A and 4.2% (95% CI, 4.2%-10.4%) for trial B. The 5-year DDFS for trials A and B was 92% (95% CI, 83%-97%) and 89% (95% CI, 81%-94%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Longer follow-up of these 2 studies has demonstrated that ddAC > TH only or with @entity9433 is associated with a low risk of @entity712 and promising DDFS in @entity1 with early @entity0 .

title: Long-term cardiac safety and outcomes of dose-dense XXXX and @entity786 followed by @entity1311 and trastuzumab with and without @entity9433 in @entity1 with early @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: Socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality exist, but the psychobiological pathways that link social status and health are less clear. It has previously been reported that socioeconomic status is inversely associated with the magnitude of the @entity701 response to awakening ( @entity11930 ) in @entity1 and @entity1 of working age. In the present study, we tested whether larger @entity701 responses would be present in an older retired population, and whether the @entity11930 differed between @entity1 and @entity1 . The extent to which adherence to saliva sample timing also affects the @entity11930 was investigated. Ninety three @entity1 and @entity1 aged 65-80 years took saliva samples on waking, and then 10, 20, 30 and 60 min after waking. Subjective social status was assessed using the 'ladder' measure devised by Adler et al. (2000). Non-compliance was defined as a reported delay of 10 min or more between waking and taking the first saliva sample. @entity701 levels on waking were significantly higher in the non-compliant individuals, and the @entity11930 was blunted compared with that of compliant @entity1 . With non-compliant @entity1 eliminated from the analyses, we found that low social status was associated with a larger @entity11930 after adjusting for gender, waist/hip ratio, body mass index, smoking, time of waking, @entity102 , prescription medication, education and financial strain. No association was found between @entity11930 and education or financial strain. @entity1 also had significantly larger CARs, independent of socioeconomic position. The results highlight the importance of controlling for non-compliance and are consistent with the notion that higher socioeconomic position protects against stress-related activation of psychobiological pathways which may contribute to variation in disease risk evident in old age.

title: Subjective socioeconomic position, gender and XXXX responses to waking in an elderly population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: Graft acceptance following pediatric @entity6910 -incompatible heart transplantation has been associated with a deficiency of donor-specific @entity11230 (DSI) due to B-cell elimination. Recent observations suggest that some of these @entity1 do produce DSI. The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of, risk factors for development and clinical impact of DSI. All @entity1 who underwent an @entity6910 -incompatible heart transplant (1996-2009) were included. Serial postheart transplantation DSI titers and clinical outcomes were reviewed. DSI were produced in 27% of the @entity1 (n = 11/41). Anti-A production was significantly greater in "at risk" patients than Anti-B (39% vs. 8%; p = 0.04). Risk factors associated with the development of DSI included: older age at transplantation (HR: 1.15/month, p = 0.04), pretransplant Anti-B level >=  1:8 (HR: 9.61, p = 0.004) and HLA sensitization (HR: 2.80, p = 0.11). The presence of DSI did increase the risk of cellular rejection but not antibody-mediated rejection, allograft vasculopathy, @entity393 or @entity204 . Although these antibodies do not result in any significant clinical consequences, their presence suggests that B-cell tolerance is not the sole mechanism of graft acceptance.

title: Development of donor-specific @entity11230 following pediatric XXXX -incompatible heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11230 :: ('MESH:D006388', 'Chemical') :: ['isohemagglutinins']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['graft loss']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma lipoproteins may be classified by their apolipoprotein composition. The lipoprotein subclass containing apolipoproteins B and C (LpB:C) is considered the most atherogenic. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the acute effects of individual @entity1718 on apolipoprotein B (apo B)-containing lipoproteins in adults with type 2 @entity6 (n = 15). DESIGN: We administered 3 meals in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Treatments contained skim milk and 50 g fat from high- @entity3952 safflower and canola oils ( @entity8981 ; @entity8981 ), @entity8981 + 3.5 g @entity7461 (ALA; @entity8981 + ALA) from high-ALA canola oil, or @entity8981 + 4.0 g both @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) and @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ; @entity8981 + @entity8393 / @entity4601 ) from @entity24352 oil. Apo B, LpB, LpB:C, LpB:E + LpB:C:E, and LpA-II:B:C:D:E were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 h after the meal. Flow-mediated dilation was measured at baseline and 4 h after the meal. RESULTS: The treatments significantly increased apo B and LpB postprandially (P < 0.03 for both), but the magnitude of the changes did not differ significantly between the treatments. The postprandial change in LpB:C was 23% lower after @entity8981 + @entity8393 / @entity4601 than after @entity8981 (treatment x time interaction, P < 0.0001). @entity8981 + ALA attenuated the increase in LpA-II:B:C:D:E in those with high @entity1674 (>/=1.69 mmol/L) but was the only treatment to significantly increase this particle in those with low @entity1674 (treatment x group interaction, P < 0.0001). Examination of change scores did not reveal the source of the interaction of treatment and time (P < 0.007) for LpB:E + LpB:C:E. Furthermore, the subjects with the largest increases in LpB:C exhibited the largest impairment in endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity1474 differentially affect concentrations of apo B-containing lipoprotein subclasses. A rise in LpB:C adversely affects endothelial function. Meals containing @entity8981 + @entity8393 / @entity4601 attenuated the postprandial rise in LpB:C and the impairment of endothelial function.

title: Postprandial effect of n-3 XXXX on apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and vascular reactivity in type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8981 :: ('CHEBI:25413', 'Chemical') :: ['MUFA', 'monounsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: Effective cycle control was demonstrated based on two multicenter, 2-year studies of the triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) agent containing the new progestin @entity20169 . The @entity172 in this OC is @entity2082 . These open-label Phase III studies were conducted in the United States by 33 investigators at 33 sites who treated a total of 1,783 subjects, healthy @entity1 17 to 38 years of age with menstrual cycle characteristics considered to be within the normal range. The @entity20169 / @entity2082 preparation was taken for up to 24 cycles. Follow-up information was collected 3 to 4 months post-treatment. Bleeding pattern analyses were based on 27,970 valid cycles. Normal cyclic @entity548 patterns were experienced by most of the @entity1 during the study; only minimal and statistically and clinically insignificant variations in @entity1866 , @entity1834 , and @entity3010 occurred. There was a low incidence of failed @entity548 in single cycles (less than 1.0% after cycle 6). There were no cases of @entity2588 , defined as two consecutive cycles of missed withdrawal flow. The incidence of @entity1867 or spotting was highest during the initial treatment cycles and diminished with continued use of the formulation. The mean incidence of @entity1867 was 2.36% in cycles 13 to 24. Apart from somewhat higher initial percentages among @entity1 new to oral contraception, the pattern of midcycle @entity548 or spotting was similar to that of all @entity1 studied. Effective long-term cycle control was demonstrated in @entity1 who used this OC agent.

title: Cycle control with triphasic @entity20169 and XXXX , a new oral contraceptive agent.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity20169 :: ('MESH:C017576', 'Chemical') :: ['norgestimate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'withdrawal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual flow']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual tension']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough bleeding']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinyl estradiol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Validity of biomarkers may be affected if studies do not include certain features in their design. We evaluated whether translational research studies of potential biomarkers incorporated design features important for valid clinical associations. METHODS: We searched 10 journals for translational studies in six systemic @entity792 published in 2004 through 2009. We included studies that reported associations between laboratory markers and the presence of disease, measures of disease activity, or prognosis. We examined the following design features: age, sex, and race matching; control for effects of treatment on expression of the biomarker; inclusion of @entity1 with both @entity66 , or both active and inactive disease; longitudinal or cross-sectional design; and use of validated activity and damage measures. RESULTS: Among 170 articles, 156 articles examined potential biomarkers for diagnosis, 37 for disease activity assessment, and nine for prognosis; 67 were studies of @entity309 ( @entity309 ); 48, of @entity1252 ; and 41, of other diseases. Gene-expression profiles were the most commonly examined potential biomarkers (n = 51). Fewer than one half of studies incorporated study-design features important for valid clinical associations. Only 47.4% of studies of biomarkers for diagnosis had groups that were age-matched, 45.5% were sex-matched, and 35.3% controlled for treatment. Studies that examined biomarkers in histologic samples and studies of @entity309 were less likely to include important design features. CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than one half of translational studies of potential biomarkers incorporated design features needed for valid interpretation of clinical associations. Attention to these features could reduce false-positive and false-negative associations.

title: Validity of clinical associations of biomarkers in translational research studies: the case of systemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early and late disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: Lentiviral vectors are among the most efficient tools for gene delivery into @entity1 cells. A major goal of lentiviral gene delivery systems is to develop vectors that can efficiently target specific cell types. In the present work, we attempt to generate viral particles for targeting gene delivery. We have used @entity5075 -positive cells as the target for our strategy. Therefore, we developed a novel Sindbis pseudotyped lentiviral vector where the Sindbis receptor binding envelope protein was modified to directly encode a single-chain antibody fragment ( @entity10390 ) against the @entity5075 chemokine receptor. We have generated two chimeric @entity10390 -Sindbis envelopes, varying the length of the peptide linker that connects the heavy chain and light chain of anti- @entity5075 @entity10390 . The two chimeric @entity10390 -Sindbis envelopes were successfully incorporated into lentiviral-derived vectors, and the resulting pseudotyped viral particles showed specific targeting to @entity5075 -expressing cells. However, our data demonstrate that the length of the peptide linker significantly affects the @entity281 . Pseudotyped viral particles, which display single-chain antibody fragments with longer peptide linkers, allowed higher titers of @entity281 . The present study can be a model strategy for specific gene delivery mediated by lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with Sindbis envelope displaying @entity10390 that recognizes specific cellular surface proteins. Furthermore, this strategy has the potential to become a powerful approach for targeting gene delivery in anti- @entity778 gene therapy due to the important role of @entity5075 expression in disease progression.

title: Cell type-specific targeting with sindbis pseudotyped lentiviral vectors displaying anti- XXXX single-chain antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'efficiency of infection']

answer: @entity5075 :: (1234,Gene) :: ['CCR5']


abstract: Selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs) have offered the promise of reducing the burden of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in postmenopausal @entity1 , based on the positive effects recorded on intermediate markers (blood lipids and markers of @entity32 ). The effects of @entity441 , @entity178 and @entity24434 on cardiovascular endpoint markers are presented as reported in recent, randomized, controlled trials. @entity441 failed to significantly lower the risk of @entity453 in @entity3604 @entity1 , without any effect on @entity64 or early harm, but doubling the risk of @entity1211 . The risk of @entity453 was lowered in a subgroup of @entity1 at risk of @entity453 . In a large randomized, controlled trial with @entity453 as the primary endpoint in @entity1 at risk of @entity453 , @entity441 failed to significantly reduce @entity453 , while significantly increasing the incidence of @entity1211 . @entity178 , in an @entity170 trial, had similar effects on the cardiovascular system when compared to @entity441 . @entity24434 has only been studied in @entity3604 @entity1 in the PEARL trial. @entity24434 reduced the risk of @entity301 events as well as the risk of @entity64 , while the risk of @entity1150 remained in line with other SERMs. These results will need to be confirmed in a study with primary @entity65 . Until then, it is unlikely that SERMs will play a major role in strategies aimed at the prevention of @entity301 in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Clinical issues regarding XXXX and selective @entity172 receptor modulators in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity178 :: ('MESH:C447119', 'Chemical') :: ['bazedoxifene', 'Bazedoxifene']

entities_list: @entity24434 :: ('MESH:C111332', 'Chemical') :: ['lasofoxifene', 'Lasofoxifene']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['fatal stroke and venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular endpoints']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'Raloxifene']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Agonists of @entity9781 ( @entity9781 ), which work as insulin sensitizers, are approved for type 2 @entity6 . However, adverse effects, such as @entity4 , @entity1188 , and increased @entity174 rates, limit their applicability. We performed a head-to-head comparison of equipotent @entity413 lowering concentrations of the partial @entity9781 agonist @entity27382 and the full agonist @entity12098 in male diet-induced @entity28 @entity35 , to investigate effects on bone formation, fluid retention and fat accumulation. Sixty male dio induced @entity28 @entity35 were divided into five categories: vehicle, @entity12098 10 mg/kg, @entity12098 30 mg/kg, @entity27382 5 mg/kg, @entity27382 10 mg/kg. At day -7, 21 and 42 fasting serum samples were collected and whole body tissue composition was evaluated by MR scanning. Food intake and bodyweights were monitored during the study period. At day 42, an oral @entity413 tolerance test was performed to evaluate @entity413 homeostasis in the @entity35 . During oral @entity413 tolerance test both @entity12098 and @entity27382 lowered baseline @entity413 and maintained the suppression during the oral @entity413 tolerance test. Both lowered basal insulin, peak insulin secretion and total insulin during oral @entity413 tolerance test. Both drugs increased bodyweight, although this was more pronounced in the @entity12098 30 group. MR scans of body fat and water showed that all treatment groups increased their fat mass, whereas only the @entity12098 30 group accumulated water. @entity12098 treatment led to reduction of the bone formation marker osteocalcin, whereas @entity27382 treatment did not affect it. @entity27382 is a novel @entity9781 agonist, which potently lowers @entity413 levels, while it neither affects fluid retention nor bone formation parameters.

title: A comparison of glycemic control, water retention, and musculoskeletal effects of @entity27382 and XXXX in diet-induced @entity28 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedemas']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity9781 :: ('25664(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PPARgamma', 'Perioxisome Proliferator-Activator Receptor gamma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity27382 :: ('MESH:C497232', 'Chemical') :: ['balaglitazone', 'Balaglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12098 :: (MESH:C060836,Chemical) :: ['pioglitazone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of bolus @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 combined with weekly @entity1311 (FLTAX) in advanced @entity356 ( @entity356 ) @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with untreated stage IV @entity356 received @entity1311 80 mg/m(2) as a 1-hour infusion, followed by @entity1487 600 mg/m(2) as a bolus infusion and L- @entity4181 250 mg/m(2) as a 2-hour infusion on days 1, 8 and 15. Treatment cycles were repeated every 28 days. The primary endpoint was response rate. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were enrolled. The median age was 62 years (range 34-75). Twenty-one @entity1 (60%) had @entity5 and 11 had peritoneal @entity3 . The confirmed response rate was 43% (95% CI 26-61) with 15 partial responses. Stable disease was observed in 16 (46%) @entity1 . Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 6.8 months (95% CI 5.8-7.4) and 16.2 months (95% CI 10.0-22.8), respectively. Grade 3-4 adverse events were: @entity1398 (54%), @entity1398 (3%), @entity294 (6%) and @entity16 (11%). CONCLUSION: FLTAX showed a desirable safety profile, and the efficacy against advanced @entity356 was encouraging. FLTAX may be a good option for @entity356 @entity1 with @entity179 , and a randomized clinical trial in such @entity1 is currently underway.

title: Phase II study of bolus @entity1487 and XXXX combined with weekly @entity1311 as first-line therapy for advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse-type cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['deteriorated general condition']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']