abstract: BACKGROUND: Probiotics, by altering gut flora, may favourably alter portal haemodynamics in @entity1 with @entity82 . AIM: To investigate the effect of probiotics on portal pressure in @entity1 with @entity82 . METHODS: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi. A total of 94 cirrhotic @entity1 having large oesophageal varices without history of variceal bleeding were randomized to three treatment groups and given 2 months' treatment with @entity1169 plus placebo, @entity1169 plus antibiotics ( @entity4258 400 mg BD) or @entity1169 plus probiotic (VSL#3, 900 billion/day) randomly assigned in 1:1:1 ratio. Outcome measures were change in Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG): Response rate (Percentage of @entity1 having a decrease from baseline of >= 20% or to  <=12 mm Hg) and changes from baseline; biochemical markers of @entity32 : changes from baseline. RESULTS: Adjunctive probiotics increased the response rate compared with @entity1169 alone (58% vs. 31%, P = 0.046), similar to adjunctive antibiotics (54%). The mean fall in HVPG was greater with either adjunctive probiotics (3.7 mm Hg vs. 2.1 mm Hg, P = 0.061) or adjunctive antibiotics (3.4 mm Hg) than with @entity1169 alone. Both adjunctive therapies were associated with greater decreases in @entity310 levels (in both @entity1503 ) that resulted from @entity1169 -only treatment. No clinically relevant between-group differences were observed in the type or frequency of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive probiotic (VSL#3) improved the response rate to @entity1169 therapy and was safe and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity82 . Adjunctive probiotic therapy merits further study for reduction in portal pressure.

title: Effects of the adjunctive probiotic VSL#3 on portal haemodynamics in @entity1 with XXXX and large varices: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral and hepatic venous blood']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: When performing a colonic resection for @entity5 , a @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ) can lead to improved oncologic results. The @entity1939 along with the high vessel ligation, meaning the ligation of the supplying vessels close to their origin, can ensure maximal lymph node harvest. The principles of @entity1939 and high ligation have been applied by us during colonic resections for @entity5 . We present our experience with @entity5 of the proximal colon, for which a radical right hemicolectomy has been performed. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 2008, we performed a right hemicolectomy in 115 @entity1 . The mean age was 65.6 years (range 35-86). The @entity5 was located in the cecum in 37% of @entity1 , the ascending colon in 58% of the @entity1 and the hepatic flexure in 5% of the @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent @entity1939 and high ligation of the supplying vessels. A total of 93% (107/115) of these operations were performed on an elective basis. Out of all @entity1 , 48 (42%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: No @entity1 died during the immediate postoperative period. The postoperative morbidity was 13.9% (16/115). One @entity1 developed a metachronous @entity189 28 months after his surgery, for which he underwent an abdoperineal resection. The 5-year survival rate lies at 72.4% (55/76). Twenty @entity1 (26.3%) died due to @entity3 before completing 5 years of follow-up. The remaining 39 @entity1 have been operated after the end of 2004 and have therefore not completed 5 years from the day of their operation yet. CONCLUSIONS: There is no doubt that standardized oncologic surgery shows particular importance by reducing the rate of local recurrence and achieving increased survival. It is important to remember that @entity694 treatment today is multimodal and that the improvement in @entity1 ' survival in the last decades is surely linked with the improvement in chemotherapy and the advances in the agents used. However, optimal surgery is with no doubt an important element of good oncological outcome, as the experience with @entity5 treatment has taught us.

title: Optimizing @entity694 surgery: high ligation and XXXX during right hemicolectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['complete mesocolic excision', 'CME']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['complete mesocolic excision']


abstract: Large photoreactive particles from @entity17269 are obtained pure and in high yield by using a mixture of detergents at high ionic strength to dissociate the chromatophore membrane. The particles contain all of the secondary electron acceptor of the chromatophores and about half of the cytochrome. Their content of @entity12931 is greatly enridhed as compared with chromatophores. Th individual particles have an estimated molecular weight of between 650,000 and 810,000. Gel electrophoresis of the preparation in @entity3208 shows polypeptides with molecular weights of 50-45,000, 30,000, 27,000, 22,000 and 12,000. The 50-45,000 components are cytochromes. The 30,000, 27,000 and 22,000 components may be analogous to the triad of polypeptides present in @entity11704 reaction centers. The non-cytochrome components are partly soluble in @entity3636 / @entity1042 . Aggregates of particles appear in these preparations. Electron microscopy of the aggregates demonstrates rectilinear lattices of isodiametric particles, 120 A in diameter. These sheet-like structures are one unit thick and typically contain 9-16 members. They appear to arise by aggregation during isolation but are probably similar to native aggregates apparent within chromatophores after treatment with detergents at low salt concentration.

title: A large photoreactive particle from XXXX chromatophores.

entities_list: @entity17269 :: ('1049', 'Species') :: ['Chromatium vinosum']

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['Rhodopseudomonas spheroides']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

answer: @entity17269 :: (1049,Species) :: ['Chromatium vinosum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term @entity172 deprivation models are widely employed in an in vitro setting to recapitulate the hormonal milieu of @entity0 @entity1 treated with endocrine therapy. Despite the wealth information we have garnered from these models thus far, a comprehensive time-course analysis of the @entity172 (ER), @entity1420 (PR), and @entity1 epidermal growth factor 2 ( @entity1722 ) receptors on the gene and protein level, coupled with expression array data is currently lacking. We aimed to address this knowledge gap in order to enhance our understanding of endocrine therapy resistance in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: ER positive MCF7 and @entity1 @entity0 cells were grown in @entity172 depleted medium for 10  months with the ER negative MDA-MB-231 cell line employed as control. ER, PR and @entity1722 expression were analysed at defined short and long-term time points by immunocytochemistry (ICC), and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Microarray analysis was performed on representative samples. RESULTS: MCF7 cells cultured in @entity172 depleted medium displayed decreasing expression of ER up to 8  weeks, which was then re-expressed at 10  months. PR was also down-regulated at early time points and remained so for the duration of the study. @entity1 cells generally displayed no changes in ER during the first 8  weeks of deprivation, however its expression was significantly decreased at 10  months. PR expression was also down-regulated early in BT474 samples and was absent at later time points. Finally, microarray data revealed that genes and cell processes down-regulated in both cell lines at 6  weeks overlapped with those down-regulated in aromatase inhibitor treated @entity0 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that expression of ER, PR, and cell metabolic/proliferative processes are unstable in response to long-term @entity172 deprivation in @entity0 cell lines. These results mirror recent clinical findings and again emphasize the utility of LTED models in translational research.

title: Clinical instability of @entity0 markers is reflected in long-term in vitro XXXX deprivation studies.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Analysing two @entity4386 markers [exon 1 @entity30491 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) @entity3354 ( @entity1129 )n repeat] and the @entity12448 intron 4 ( @entity1422 )n marker for their potential association with @entity101 , and exploring the effect of the tested SNPs on the @entity4386 isoform expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Total of 270 age-gender-ethnically matched subjects were genotyped by fluorescent-labelled restriction fragment length polymorphism, multiplex PCR, and fragment analysis. Sequencing was used to confirm the genotyping results. Expression of the full-length and soluble @entity4386 mRNAs analysed using real-time PCR. Sera from subjects were screened for sCTLA-4 using ELISA. Tested subjects revealed ten alleles and sixteen genotypes of @entity4386 3'UTR( @entity1129 )n. The 3'UTR( @entity1129 )n was significantly @entity101 ( @entity1129 )15 and genotype 15/15 were found to cause susceptibility to @entity101 (P = 0.004, OR = 2.13, 95 % CI = 1.26-3.58 and P = 0.029, OR = 2.77, 95 % CI = 1.1-6.94, respectively), whereas allele ( @entity1129 )6 and genotype 6/6 were found to be protective of @entity101 (P = 0.00002, OR = 0.36, 95 % CI = 0.227-0.57 and P = 0.001, OR = 0.357, 95 % CI = 0.1980.64, respectively). SNP @entity30491 and @entity12448 ( @entity1422 )n revealed no significant association with @entity101 (P > 0.05). The expression of sCTLA-4 was inversely proportional to the number of 3'UTR( @entity1129 )n repeats, with heterozygous and longer ( @entity1129 )n repeats showing lower levels of sCTLA-4 mRNA than those with shorter alleles in HC and @entity101 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.04, respectively). Significant increase in the serum level of sCTLA-4 was observed in @entity101 @entity1 compared with the HC (P = 0.0007). The novel finding in our study is that the @entity4386 3'UTR( @entity1129 )n proven to be a key player in the pathogenesis of @entity101 .

title: Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with @entity4386 ( @entity4386 ) and @entity12448 ( XXXX ) genes in a Kuwaiti population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'associated with HT: allele']

answer: @entity12448 :: (29851,Gene) :: ['ICOS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hospital discharge against medical advice may leave a @entity1 at risk for adverse health outcomes and/or readmission, yet little is known regarding its occurrence, especially among @entity1 with @entity1032 . The objective of this study was to discern the prevalence of, and predictive factors for, being discharged against medical advice among hospitalized @entity1 with a primary diagnosis of @entity161 . METHOD: The 2004 US Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to discern demographic predictors, length of stay, and costs for discharge against medical advice relative to discharge with medical approval. Inpatient discharges from US community hospitals for @entity1 of all ages with The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic codes 295.0-295.9 were included. Conditional logistic regression was used to discern factors predictive of discharge against medical advice, and least squares mean analysis was used to examine differences in length of stay and mean cost per day relative to discharge with medical approval. Least squares means were adjusted for age (continuous), sex, race, region, payer, hospital setting, and bed size. RESULTS: Within the study population, 1.6% of @entity1 admitted for @entity161 were discharged against medical advice (n = 3,382/210,722). @entity1 discharged against medical advice were significantly more likely to be younger (OR = 0.985, 95% CI, 0.982-0.987) and male (OR = 1.421, 95% CI, 1.321-1.529). Race was not a significant factor. Mean +/- SE length of stay for discharge against medical advice was 5.0 +/- 0.24 days, as compared to 8.7 +/- 0.06 days for @entity1 discharged with medical approval (P < .0001). Mean cost per day was significantly higher for discharge against medical advice ( 1,886.02 +/- 49.67 vs  1,565.79 +/- 13.42, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although the percentage of @entity1 discharged against medical advice was small, the numeric magnitude on a nationwide basis was substantial. The adjusted mean length of stay for discharge against medical advice was significantly reduced, while cost per day was significantly higher. Discharge against medical advice represents a challenge to the provision of care for @entity1 with @entity161 and may contribute to increased use of primary and specialty outpatient services, rehospitalization rates, morbidity, and mortality.

title: Hospital admission for XXXX and discharge against medical advice in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The influence of genotype on the rewarding and locomotor activating effects of @entity1286 and @entity1068 was examined in the place conditioning paradigm. Two inbred @entity19 strains (C57BL/6J and @entity7840 /2J) were exposed to a differential conditioning procedure in which each @entity19 received four pairings of a distinctive floor stimulus with IP injection of @entity1286 (0, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg) or @entity1068 (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 g/kg). A different floor stimulus was paired with saline. Conditioning trials lasted 30 min and each experiment concluded with a floor preference test in the absence of drug. In accord with previous studies, @entity1286 evoked a dose-dependent increase in activity during conditioning that was greater in C57BL/6J @entity19 than in @entity7840 /2J @entity19 . In contrast, @entity1068 produced a dose-dependent increase in activity that was greater in @entity7840 /2J than in C57BL/6J @entity19 . Both strains showed conditioned place preference with @entity1286 , but only the @entity7840 /2J strain showed conditioned place preference with @entity1068 . No conditioned place aversion was seen. With both drugs, stronger place preference conditioning was obtained in @entity7840 /2J @entity19 , supporting the general conclusion that sensitivity to drug reward is influenced by genotype. The fact that the same genotype is more sensitive to the rewarding effects of two different drugs supports theories postulating commonality in the biological mechanisms of drug reward. Although the outcome of the @entity1068 study supports predictions of the psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction concerning the relationship between drug-induced activation and reward, the outcome of the @entity1286 study does not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Genetic differences in the rewarding and activating effects of XXXX and @entity1068 .

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that a higher education level is associated with faster @entity73 and lower survival in a cohort of 670 @entity195 @entity1 , followed for 3.5 years at the Lille-Bailleul memory centre. METHODS: The @entity1 were categorized in 3 groups according to educational levels: low (<or=8 years), intermediate (9-12 years) and high (>12 years). Cognitive function was measured with the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) and the Mattis @entity303 ( @entity303 ). Survival was analyzed with a Cox model. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, cholinesterase inhibitor treatment, @entity6 , @entity101 , visible @entity455 on MRI, baseline @entity303 and @entity1032 . RESULTS: The adjusted mixed random model showed that @entity1032 declined faster for @entity1 with high and intermediate educational levels compared with those with a low educational level (p < 0.0001). The mean annually adjusted @entity303 decline was highest for the groups with the most education (p = 0.05). The mortality risk was not higher in the better-educated groups (high vs. low: RR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.35-1.99, intermediate vs. low: RR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.41-1.63). CONCLUSION: In our cohort, highly educated @entity1 had a faster @entity73 than less educated @entity1 but similar mortality rates. Our findings support the cognitive reserve hypothesis.

title: XXXX and survival in @entity195 according to education level.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['DRS', 'Dementia Rating Scale']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive decline']


abstract: Sacral and presacral @entity808 are often found incidentally, because they present with vague symptoms or symptomless. @entity808 occurring in this area occasionally presents with enormous dimensions, known as a @entity808 . The @entity5 removal is a surgical challenge due to the difficult approach and abundant vascularity. The aim of this study is to review cases of giant sacral @entity808 focusing the surgical management and outcome. Six @entity1 with sacral and presacral @entity808 were treated surgically. The @entity1 included two males and four females, and the mean age was 47.8 years. All @entity1 experienced @entity158 at the time of presentation. The @entity5 were classified as intraosseous type in one case, dumb-bell type in four cases, and retroperitoneal type in one case. The @entity5 were removed with a piecemeal subtotal excision in three @entity1 , a partial excision in two @entity1 , and enucleation in one @entity1 . The surgeries were performed by the combination of an anterior and posterior approach in three @entity1 , a posterior approach in two @entity1 , and an anterior approach in one @entity1 . The mean surgical time was 7.8 hrs, and the mean @entity190 was 2572 g. The @entity5 recurred in one @entity1 after the partial excision and was removed completely in a second surgery. No @entity1 , including the @entity1 who underwent the second surgery, presented with @entity158 and obvious @entity51 at the final follow-up. The surgical treatment of the giant sacral @entity808 with a piecemeal subtotal excision can achieve a good outcome, avoiding unnecessary @entity51 .

title: Giant sacral XXXX : a report of six cases.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'giant schwannoma', 'schwannomas', 'Schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1911 is a feared and potentially lethal complication of @entity1911 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the best treatment strategy for @entity1911 @entity1 and hypothesized that emergency resection is not indicated. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (1993-2011); literature review (1944-2011). SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : There were 137 @entity1911 @entity1 from our center and 97 @entity1911 @entity1 who underwent adrenalectomy from the literature. INTERVENTION: Medical management of @entity1911 ; adrenalectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Perioperative complications, conversion, and mortality. RESULTS: In our database, 25 @entity1 (18%) presented with crisis. After medical stabilization and a-blockade, 15 @entity1 were discharged and readmitted for elective surgery and 10 @entity1 were operated on urgently during the same hospitalization. None underwent emergency surgery. Postoperatively, @entity1 who underwent elective surgery had shorter hospital stays (1.7 vs 5.7 d, P = 0.001) and fewer @entity260 (1 of 15 [7%] vs 5 of 10 [50%], P = 0.045) and were less often admitted to the intensive care unit (1 of 15 [7%] vs 5 of 10 [50%], P = 0.045) in comparison with urgently operated @entity1 . There was no mortality. Review of the literature (n = 97) showed that crisis @entity1 who underwent elective or urgent surgery vs emergency surgery had less intraoperative (13 of 31 [42%] vs 20 of 25 [80%], P < 0.001) and @entity260 (15 of 45 [33%] vs 15 of 21 [71%], P = 0.047) and a lower mortality (0 of 64 vs 6 of 33 [18%], P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Management of @entity1 presenting with @entity1911 should include initial stabilization of the acute crisis followed by sufficient a-blockade before surgery. Emergency resection of @entity1911 is associated with high surgical morbidity and mortality.

title: XXXX is not a surgical emergency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytoma crisis', 'Pheochromocytoma crisis']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['Pheochromocytoma crisis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14674 ( @entity14674 ) is a kind of peripheral @entity455 . Most @entity1 with @entity14674 have no apparent clinical symptoms early on, but a diagnosis at the early stage is essential to prevent progression. Unfortunately, the specific and sensitive markers for @entity14674 are still lacking currently. In this study, using both tissue samples and blood samples obtained from @entity14674 @entity1 , we aim to find a cluster of miRNAs that can be used as new risk-markers for the diagnosis of @entity14674 in the earlier stages. METHODS: We enrolled 104 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity14674 and 105 age-matched controls. We examined the expression levels of a series of miRNAs in both intima samples and serum samples from these @entity1 . RESULTS: Levels of @entity10017 , @entity23184 , @entity13825 , let-7f and @entity10018 significantly increased, while levels of @entity494 and @entity10074 significantly decreased in the sclerotic samples compared with normal samples. Significant increase of @entity23184 , @entity13825 and @entity10018 expression was observed in the serum samples of @entity14674 @entity1 . Moreover, the expression of @entity23184 and @entity13825 in sera of @entity14674 @entity1 was positively correlated with Fontaine stages. CONCLUSIONS: The serum levels of @entity23184 , @entity13825 and @entity10018 may serve as potential biomarkers for early stage @entity14674 .

title: Identification of XXXX , @entity13825 and @entity10018 as serum biomarkers for atherosclerosis obliterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity14674 :: ('MESH:D001162', 'Disease') :: ['ASO', 'Arteriosclerosis obliterans']

answer: @entity23184 :: (406919,Gene) :: ['miR-130a']


abstract: RNA polymerase (pol) III synthesizes a range of essential products, including tRNA, 5S rRNA and 7SL RNA, which are required for protein synthesis and trafficking. High rates of pol III transcription are necessary for cells to sustain growth. A wide range of transformed and @entity5 cell types have been shown to express elevated levels of pol III products. This review will summarize what is known about the mechanisms responsible for this deregulation. Some transforming agents have been shown to stimulate expression of the pol III-specific transcription factors @entity26275 or TFIIIC2. In addition, @entity26275 is bound and activated by several oncogenic proteins, including @entity517 . Conversely, @entity26275 interacts in healthy cells with the @entity5 suppressors @entity995 and @entity876 . Indeed, the ability to limit pol III transcription through @entity26275 may contribute to their growth-suppression capacities. The function of @entity876 and/or @entity995 is compromised in most if not all transformed cells; the resultant derepression of @entity26275 may provide an almost universal route to deregulate pol III transcription in @entity5 . In addition to effects on protein synthesis and growth, there is a precedent for a pol III product having oncogenic activity.

title: RNA polymerase III transcription and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: As part of a larger study relating to @entity3440 exposure, @entity5636 , and @entity2 mortality in Chinese mine and factory workers, 1936 old posterior-anterior chest X-rays were re-interpreted according to the 1986 Chinese Roentgenodiagnostic Criteria of pneumoconioses. Each film was independently read by three individuals from a panel of eleven radiologists, and this reading was compared to the original one. Subsequent to the independent readings, a groups of three readers interpreted the films together, called the consensus readings. Comparisons were made by Chinese stage of @entity3673 . For the entire cohort, there was a crude agreement of 57.4% between the old and the new interpretations. Agreement within one step of full agreement was 92.5%. The interpretations done by median reading and by consensus were very similar. In general, there was a tendency for the old readings to be slightly higher compared to the new interpretations. This tendency was most marked in the tin mines, followed in decreasing order by the @entity68 / @entity920 mines, the potteries, and the @entity5335 mines. The agreement between the old and new interpretations is felt to be satisfactory.

title: A comparison of radiographic interpretation of XXXX exposed workers using the 1963 and the 1986 Chinese roentgenodiagnostic criteria of pneumoconioses.

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the predictors of intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 ; its impact on @entity3916 , body weight, symptoms of @entity308 , and health status; and @entity1 characteristics associated with improvement in @entity3916 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed survey, medical record, and health plan administrative data collected in Translating Research into Action for @entity6 (TRIAD). We examined @entity1 who were using diet/exercise or oral antihyperglycemic medications at baseline, had @entity3916 >7.2%, and stayed with the same therapy or intensified therapy (initiated or increased the number of classes of oral antihyperglycemic medications or began insulin) over 18 months. RESULTS: Of 1,093 @entity1 , 520 intensified therapy with oral medications or insulin. @entity1 intensifying therapy were aged 58 +/- 12 years, had @entity6 duration of 11 +/- 9 years, and had @entity3916 of 9.1 +/- 1.5%. Younger age and higher @entity3916 were associated with therapy intensification. Compared with @entity1 who did not intensify therapy, those who intensified therapy experienced a 0.49% reduction in @entity3916 (P < 0.0001), a 3-pound increase in weight (P = 0.003), and no change in @entity308 (P = 0.5) or health status (P = 0.2). Among those who intensified therapy, improvement in @entity3916 was associated with higher baseline @entity3916 , older age, black race/ethnicity, lower income, and more physician visits. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment intensification improved glycemic control with no worsening of @entity308 or health status, especially in elderly, @entity7881 , and minority @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Interventions are needed to overcome clinical inertia when @entity1 might benefit from treatment intensification and improved glycemic control.

title: Predictors and impact of intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy in @entity164 2 XXXX : translating research into action for @entity6 (TRIAD).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety/depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7881 :: ('MESH:C563621', 'Disease') :: ['lower-income']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective mechanism of @entity33364 against the apoptosis of @entity35 bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) under oxidative stress, and to determine the association with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase  B ( @entity2308 ) pathway. @entity5568 was used to induce oxidative injury in rBMSCs. The cells in the @entity5568 model group were treated with 800    M @entity5568 for 6  h to induce oxidative injury. The cells in the @entity33364 group were treated with 10    M @entity33364 for 24  h, followed by @entity5568 treatment. The cells in the @entity2308 pathway blockage group were treated with 25    M @entity2306 for 1  h, followed by @entity33364  +  @entity5568 treatment. The cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to determine cell viability. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The results of flow cytometry and TUNEL staining indicated that the apoptotic rate of the @entity5568 model group was significantly higher compared with that of the control group. Following the @entity33364 pretreatment, the apoptotic rate was significantly reduced. In the @entity2308 pathway blockage group, no significant alterations in the levels of cell apoptosis were observed compared with the @entity5568 model group. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the @entity33364 group had a significant downregulation of @entity2310 and cleaved caspase  -3 and an upregulation of @entity1976 and phosphorylated @entity2308 protein expression levels compared with the @entity5568 model group and the @entity2308 pathway blockage group. In conclusion, @entity33364 had a protective effect against the @entity5568  -induced oxidative stress of rBMSCs, and the specific mechanism may be associated with the activation of the PI3K/ @entity2308 pathway by @entity33364 .

title: Rg1 protects XXXX bone marrow stem cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell apoptosis through the PI3K/ @entity2308 pathway.

entities_list: @entity33364 :: ('MESH:C035054', 'Chemical') :: ['ginsenoside  Rg1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Japan, emergency blood transfusion practices including @entity6910 -compatible, different blood group transfusion and uncross-matched, @entity6910 -identical blood group transfusion are very limited possibly due to adherence to identical blood transfusion as well as fear of @entity2142 due to anti-A, anti-B, anti-RhD and unexpected antibodies. Purpose of the study is to examine the incidence of @entity2142 due to compatible, @entity6910 -different blood group transfusion. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire survey regarding emergency compatible, different blood group transfusion in the operating theater in hospitals with more than 500 beds among those with an accredited Department of Anesthesiology regarded as regional hospitals. Of 384 institutions, 247 responded to the questionnaire. During the year 2006, compatible, @entity6910 -different blood group transfusion was reported in 112 @entity1 from 32 hospitals, among which 105 @entity1 in 26 hospitals were available for further analysis. RESULTS: Compatible @entity4085 ( @entity4085 ), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and platelet concentrate (PC) were transfused in 23, 10, and 83 @entity1 , respectively. Total amount of compatible @entity4085 , FFP, and PC were 232, 162, and 1,679 units, respectively. In @entity1 who were transfused with compatible @entity4085 , two @entity1 had unexpected antibodies. Overall mortality rate within the 30th post-operative day was 23%. In 80 @entity1 , in whom only PCs were used as compatible @entity1503 , @entity190 was 86 +/- 85 ml x kg(-1), 65% of @entity1 underwent cardiovascular surgery, and mortality was 11%, implying that compatible PC was transfused mainly to avoid @entity548 diathesis in cardiovascular @entity1 . In 64 @entity1 with blood type of A, B, or @entity12440 , who underwent compatible PC transfusion, type O PC, incompatible @entity1503 , were transfused in 9 @entity1 . In 21 @entity1 , in whom only RCCs were used as compatible @entity1503 , @entity190 was 206 +/- 224 ml x kg(-1), and mortality was 57%. Therefore, compatible RCCs were transfused mainly to avoid life-threatening events. Uncross-matched, @entity6910 -identical @entity4085 transfusion was performed only in 29% of @entity1 among these 21 @entity1 . Transfusion-related @entity2142 were not reported in all 104 @entity1 available for this analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Although the @entity1 number was small, the finding that there were no @entity2142 might promote emergency blood transfusion practices in Japan. High mortality rate and a low rate of uncross-matched, @entity6910 -identical @entity4085 transfusion in @entity1 with compatible @entity4085 transfusion suggest that promoting emergency blood transfusion practices might reduce mortality rate due to @entity548 in the operating theater.

title: [Emergency compatible, XXXX -different blood group transfusion in the operating theater: a survey in regional Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists-certified training hospitals in 2006].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'massive hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['red cell concentrate', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood products']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic reactions']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']


abstract: American Thyroid Association guidelines recommend @entity259 1 cm or greater. Liberal use of neck sonography has resulted in an increased incidence of @entity5 detected at earlier stages with approximately half at the micropapillary level and occasionally multifocal. Concerns regarding the safety of routine @entity348 , especially in young @entity1 with favorable @entity5 , and the clinical significance of detected multifocal @entity5 have been raised. Records of 516 consecutively treated @entity1 with @entity259 were reviewed. A subset of 269 cases with well-differentiated @entity3557 (WDPTC) confined within the capsule of the involved lobe undergoing @entity348 was analyzed. @entity1 were stratified according to age, @entity5 size, evidence of @entity717 , and presence or absence of contralateral nonpalpable @entity5 . Overall contralateral histologic @entity5 was demonstrated in 46.4 per cent (125 of 269). The incidence was 34 per cent (30 of 88) of subcentimeter (less than 1 cm) @entity5 and significantly increased to 52 per cent (95 of 181) in @entity5 1 cm or greater (P = 0.006). This incidence significantly approached 76 per cent (13 of 17) in subcentimeter but multifocal @entity5 when 45 years or older (P = 0002). One @entity1 developed permanent @entity3747 (0.4%). There were no recurrent @entity128 . The incidence of @entity5 was significant in 1-cm or greater WDPTC. @entity1 with subcentimeter multifocal @entity5 , when older than 45 years, were even at higher risk for @entity5 . Because @entity348 is advocated for @entity1 with WDPTC 1 cm or greater, it should also be considered in those older than 45 years with ipsilateral multifocal @entity5 , because it can be performed safely.

title: Multifocal XXXX : a new indication for @entity348 ?

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'papillary cancers', 'bilateral cancer', 'cancers', 'micropapillary cancers', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral multifocality']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['total thyroidectomy (TT) for thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['micropapillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: @entity170 becomes a common pathologic feature in @entity1 given a long-term @entity228 treatment: actually, bone formation proves decreased, and bone resorption increased. Said reduced bone formation is ascribable to an inhibited osteoblastic function: on the contrary, increased bone resorption may be ascribed to a suppressed intestinal @entity460 absorption with a consequent secondary increase in the parathyroid hormone secretion. The present trial had the purpose of assessing the BMC (Bone Mineral Content) in 10 @entity1 with @entity66 , such as pemphigus and pemphigoid, in the course of treatment with @entity228 agents and nasal spray salmon calcitonin (sCT). The @entity1 , 3 males and 7 females, mean age 62.9 years (min 33, max 93) were given intranasal sCT at the dosage regimen of 200 IU/day/6 months. No @entity1 had previously received @entity228 treatment. Six @entity1 were given @entity5935 , and 4 @entity1667 , compared thereafter with @entity701 ; the minimum dose was 70 mg and the maximum dose 400 mg. To evaluate the BMC, the @entity1 were subjected to a single photon absorption densitometry (SPA). Distal radius determinations were reasonably related with the axial skeleton BMC. Determinations were carried out at the start of the trial, at the 3rd month as well as the end of treatment. At the start of the trial, the mean BMC was 0.765 (+/- SE 0.056) calculated at the radial distal end; at the 6th month of treatment the mean BMC resulted to be 0.847 (+/- SE 0.059). Actually, as reported by various investigators, BMC may attain an over 10% loss in the course of a @entity228 treatment, an evidence that is not encountered in the case of an intranasal sCT administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Use of salmon calcitonin nasal spray in the prevention of @entity228 -induced @entity170 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bullous diseases']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['bullous diseases']


abstract: Disease states such as @entity625 may interact with the kinetics of beta-blockers. @entity10719 (AC) is a chiral beta-blocker which is available as a racemate. The beneficial properties of AC, however, is attributed mainly to the S-(+)-enantiomer. The disposition of AC enantiomers and their active, chiral metabolites, @entity29256 (DC) were examined after oral administration to healthy and adjuvant-induced arthritic (AA) female @entity35 . @entity625 was induced by tail base injection of Mycobacterium butyricum. Swelling of hind and forepaws were apparent in 10-16 days in AA but not controls. Control and AA @entity35 were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after a 25 mg/kg oral AC dose and blood was collected (n = 6). Significant three to tenfold increases in the initial plasma concentrations (0.5-2 h) of AC were observed in AA. Enantiomers were equally affected, thus AC S:R ratio was not changed. Higher plasma concentrations of the metabolite were only significant at 2 h. The ratio of DC:AC, however, was unaffected by AA. The DC S:R ratio was significantly decreased at 0.5 and 1 h in AA. The limited protein binding of AC (10%) was neither stereoselective nor affected by AA. Reduced intrinsic clearance in AA may be responsible for these observations.

title: Effect of adjuvant arthritis on the disposition of @entity10719 enantiomers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29256 :: ('MESH:C025527', 'Chemical') :: ['diacetolol']

entities_list: @entity10719 :: ('MESH:D000070', 'Chemical') :: ['Acebutolol']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity4020 and @entity2391 are type I IFNs which are known to exert an antitumor effect on @entity320 . The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of @entity4020 and IFN-b1a on primary @entity5 growth and @entity1600 , and to examine the mechanisms of @entity1600 . The efficacy of @entity4020 and IFN-b1a was evaluated using a @entity1 @entity320 xenograft model. We further examined the effect of IFNs on lymphangiogenic growth factors in @entity1 @entity320 cells. IFN-b1a showed a stronger antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect, whereas @entity4020 2b inhibited @entity5 growth and @entity1600 through inhibition of lymphangiogenesis. Both @entity4020 and IFN-b1a were effective in inhibiting @entity1600 compared with the control. Microvessel density decreased in @entity5 treated with @entity4020 and IFN-b1a compared with the control, without statistical significance. Lymphatic vessel density decreased significantly only in @entity5 treated with @entity4020 (P<0.05). Both @entity4020 and IFN-b1a decreased in-vitro and in-vivo @entity7 ( @entity7 )-C and @entity7 receptor-3 protein expression and secretory @entity9961 level in vitro. @entity4020 showed an earlier and sustained effect in decreasing @entity9961 and @entity7 receptor-3 protein expression and a superior effect in decreasing the secretory @entity9961 level compared with IFN-b1a. Our investigation shows that both @entity4020 and IFN-b1a exerted different antitumor and antimetastatic effects in @entity1 @entity320 xenograft. Moreover, the present findings indicate that inhibition of lymphangiogenesis is another possible antimetastatic action mechanism of @entity4020 .

title: Difference of interferon-a and interferon-b on XXXX growth and @entity1600 in mice.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: 1. The kinetics of the interaction of @entity3159 with @entity1063 , administered by bolus injection and infusion, was examined in the isolated perfused @entity35 kidney. 2. @entity3159 (1-30 nM) competitively antagonized vasoconstrictor responses to infusion of @entity1063 (pA2 = 9.51) whereas antagonism toward bolus injections of @entity1063 deviated from competition. 3. In the presence of @entity3159 , responses to bolus injection of @entity1063 became biphasic whereas the kinetics of the responses to infusions of @entity1063 were unchanged. 4. In contrast, @entity5521 (30-300 nM) competitively antagonized responses to bolus injection of @entity1063 without altering response kinetics and in coperfusion studies with @entity3159 , prevented @entity3159 from inducing biphasic responses to bolus injection of @entity1063 . 5. It is concluded that @entity3159 acts as a pseudoirreversible antagonist toward vasoconstrictor responses to bolus injections @entity1063 (non-steady state conditions) whereas steady state conditions and competitive kinetics are observed with infused @entity1063 .

title: Slow off-rate of XXXX accounts for deviations from competitive antagonism in the isolated perfused kidney of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity3159 :: (MESH:D011224,Chemical) :: ['prazosin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness and advantages of @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) in the treatment of @entity890 . METHODS: Eighteen cases with @entity3930 and 6 females, aged 21 - 67, underwent @entity2649 . Follow-up was conducted for 19.8 months (12 - 54 months). The surgical process, outcomes, and complications were reviewed retrospectively. In @entity2649 operation, pedicle screw fixation was performed first, unilateral or bilateral facet joints were then excised. Disc removal and @entity702 mesh or fusion cage insertion were completed via transforaminal approach. RESULTS: Unilateral @entity2649 was performed in 14 cases and bilateral @entity2649 was accomplished in 4 cases. The mean operation time was 82.4 minutes and the intraoperative @entity190 was 323 ml. No @entity1566 happened during the operation. The follow-up showed that the operation results were excellent in 11 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 3 cases. No worsening or relapse of preoperative symptoms was observed. Disc spaces and lumbar @entity1515 were restored satisfactorily. No internal fixation failure was found. CONCLUSION: Able to excise disc completely, restore physiological lumbar curve effectively and prevent postoperative instability, @entity2649 is one of effective surgical treatments for @entity890 for selected @entity1 .

title: [Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in treatment of XXXX : analysis of 18 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['upper lumbar disc herniation, 12 males']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['TLIF', 'transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['injury of spinal cord or nerve roots']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['upper lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['upper lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: Early maternal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) may influence the brain development of @entity35 offspring and consequently affect physiology and behavior. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the somatic, physical, sensory-motor and neurobehavioral development of the offspring of dams fed an HFD (52% calories from fat, mainly saturated) and the offspring of dams fed a control diet (CD - 14.7% fat) during lactation from the 1st to the 21st postnatal day (P). Maternal body weights were evaluated during lactation. In the progeny, somatic (body weight, head and lengths axes) and physical (ear unfolding, auditory conduit opening, eruption of the incisors and @entity735 ) development and the consolidation of reflex responses (palm grasp, righting, vibrissa placing, cliff avoidance, @entity549 , auditory startle response and free-fall righting) were determined during suckling. @entity308 and @entity146 were tested with the forced swimming test (FST) and the "foot-shock" test on days 60 and 110, respectively. The open field test was used to assess motor function. Compared to controls, the HFD-pups exhibited decreases in body weight (P7-P21) and body length (P4-P18), but by days P71 and P95, these pups were overweight. All indicators of physical maturation and the consolidation of the following reflexes, vibrissa placing, auditory startle responses, free-fall righting and @entity549 , were delayed in HFD-progeny. In addition, the pups from HFD dam @entity35 also exhibited reduced swimming and climbing times in the FST and @entity146 . No changes in locomotion were observed. These findings show developmental and neurobehavioral changes in the @entity35 offspring of dams fed the HFD during lactation and suggest possible disruption of physical and sensory-motor maturation and increased susceptibility to @entity146 .

title: Delayed physical and neurobehavioral development and @entity308 -like behaviors in the XXXX offspring of dams fed a high-fat diet.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors', 'depressive and aggressive-like behavior', 'increased aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye opening']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['negative geotaxis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Whether @entity2340 in the usual dose found in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions caused a @entity393 was investigated in 16 adult male Fischer 344 @entity35 . A jugular venous catheter was placed, and patency was maintained with a continuous infusion of normal saline at 3 ml/hr. After a 10-day recovery period, eight normal saline control @entity35 were sacrificed and the remaining eight @entity35 were given a parenteral nutrition solution (PN-50) at 3 ml/hr, providing 50% of the @entity35 's daily energy requirement as 5% dextrose and 2% Intralipid. On day 14, study @entity35 were further divided into two subgroups. Subgroup A received @entity2340 (180 mg/day) added to the solution for 5 days. Subgroup B received the @entity750 -receptor blocker, @entity7782 24 mg/kg/day, continuously for 5 days, and on day 16, @entity2340 (0.25% = 180 mg/kg/day) was added to the solution for 3 days. Chow and water was continuously available and spontaneous food intake was measured daily. Study @entity35 were sacrificed on day 19. Plasma @entity1522 and insulin and whole brain biogenic @entity4478 were compared with those in control @entity35 using Student's t-test. With administration of PN-50, spontaneous food intake decreased to about 60% compared with the pre-PN level. The addition of @entity2340 to the continuous infusion of PN-50 did not decrease spontaneous food intake further.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity7782 on food intake.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7782 :: ('MESH:D003533', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproheptadine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in food intake']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: Syngeneic or allogeneic @entity19 pretreated with sublethal whole-body irradiation were rendered incapable of suppressing the growth of grafted @entity5 cells sensitized with alloantibody. The growth of sensitized @entity5 cells was suppressed when they were mixed with donor effector cells from @entity19 syngeneic or allogeneic to the recipients and then were inoculated in irradiated recipients. Three donor-host combinations were used to study the suppression of the @entity19 @entity706 6C3HED indigenous to C3H @entity19 . These were C3H donor cells in C3H recipients, C57BL/6 donor cells in C3H recipients, or C57BL/6 donor cells in C57BL/6 recipients. In all three combinations, macrophages obtained from an inflammatory exudate, exudate lymphocytes not bearing theta antigen, and platelets were, in descending order of effectiveness, consistently active in restoring antibody-mediated suppression of @entity5 growth in irradiated hosts. Prior irradiation of the transferred lymphocytes somewhat diminished their effectiveness. Freeze-thawed or heat-killed macrophages (but not freeze-thawed platelets or lymphocytes) were effective in restoration. Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes and @entity706 cells were not active in the recipients syngeneic to the donor cells but were acitve in recipients allogeneic to the donor cells. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from peripheral blood or an inflammatory exudate were not active. Intact thymic function seems unimportant since antibody-mediated suppression took place as effectively in thymectomized @entity19 as in normal controls.

title: Antibody-mediated suppression of grafted XXXX . III. Evaluation of the role of thymic function, non-thymus-derived lymphocytes, macrophages, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in syngeneic and allogeneic hosts.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'splenic lymphoid']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 harboring recurrent or deep-seated @entity11 were treated by interstitial brachytherapy with 192Ir seed assembly, between June 1987 and September 1989. Implantations for the afterloaded catheter were performed using the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) CT guided stereotactic system. The number of seeds and the distribution of the implants were chosen in such a way that the minimum @entity5 dose of 30-50Gy could be delivered to the surface or 1cm beyond the rim of the contrast enhancement. The radioactive sources were held in the afterloaded catheters that were removed after the desired dose had been delivered. Response to therapy was measured by serial CT scans and clinical examination. Tumor regressions were seen by CT scans made 2 or 3 months after implantation. One @entity5 showed complete regression (CR), four showed partial response (PR), one showed minor response (MR) and 5 showed no change (NC). Overall response rate was 54%. Six @entity1 died 3 to 18 months following implantation, and five are still alive 7 to 27 months after implantation. No complications such as @entity548 were observed during the treatment. A @entity1 harboring large (6.5cm in diameter) recurrent @entity463 in the rt. parietal robe required a craniotomy due to the mass growing for one and half month after implantation, and radiation @entity39 of the entire @entity5 mass was documented. The technique of stereotactic interstitial implantation was clinically well tolerated and easily reproducible and our preliminary results seemed encouraging. Technical improvement to achieve an adequate isodose distribution to cover the @entity5 volume might lead to improved survival rates.

title: [Interstitial brachytherapy for XXXX using the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) stereotactic system].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['infection or hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: Recent evidence questioning the effectiveness of @entity1486 testing leave community-based @entity263 (CaP) outreach programs with a dilemma between promoting screening and highlighting screening risks. CaP survivors are uniquely positioned to address this problem by drawing upon real-life experiences to share nuanced information and perspectives. While CaP survivors have historically been incorporated into outreach programs, little is known about their impact on psychosocial outcomes and their effectiveness compared to professional health educators. This study addressed these gaps through a quasi-experimental design where African American @entity1 attended a CaP screening session conducted by a @entity283 ( @entity283 ) or survivor educator (SV). The presentation included @entity263 statistics, CaP information, and descriptions of CaP screening tests. SV were encouraged to bolster their presentations with personal stories whereas @entity283 maintained fidelity to the curriculum content. All @entity1 completed pre- and post-test questionnaires. Our sample comprised a total of 63 @entity1 ( @entity283 group = 32; SV group = 31) with an age range of 40-70 years. Decision self-efficacy increased significantly in the SV group (p = 0.01) whereas perceived screening risks reduced significantly in the @entity283 group (p < 0.001). No significant changes were found in knowledge, subjective norms, outcome expectancies, and screening benefits. Survivor educators were found to have significantly greater appeal (p = 0.03), identification with audience (p = 0.01), and liking (p = 0.03). Training CaP survivors as health educators might be a viable strategy for community-based @entity5 communication efforts confronted by the CaP screening controversy. We discuss conceptual and programmatic implications of our findings and present directions for future research.

title: @entity263 survivors as community health educators: implications for informed decision making and XXXX communication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HE', 'health educator']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The classification of spitzoid @entity5 can be difficult, and pathologists rely on both histological features and clinical information to arrive at a diagnosis. We proposed that an immunohistochemical panel could be useful in classifying these @entity5 and designed a study to test the independent contribution of the panel to the final diagnosis. METHODS: We identified 121 cases previously signed out either as (1) Spitz nevus, (2) atypical spitzoid @entity5 , favor Spitz nevus, (3) atypical spitzoid @entity5 of uncertain malignant potential, (4) atypical spitzoid @entity5 , favor @entity320 , and (5) @entity320 . The slides were reveiwed in random order by 4 pathologists. For the first review, the pathologists received only @entity1710 and @entity1711 sections and @entity1 age. Subsequently, the same pathologists interpreted the immunohistochemically stained slides (S-100A6, HMB-45, and @entity1758 ) on the same cases in randomized order without the benefit of either @entity1710 and @entity1711 sections or @entity1 age. The original diagnosis (based on a combination of clinical information, @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained sections and immunohistochemical stains) was the gold standard used for statistical analysis. The primary aim of the study was to determine the level of agreement between interpretions based on @entity1710 and @entity1711 sections and age, the immunostains alone, and the gold standard, thus providing a measurement of the degree to which each of these elements contributes to the final diagnosis. The agreement between the gold standard and external review was also determined for those cases sent for external review. RESULTS: The generalized kappa statistic was 0.95 for both the @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained slides alone and the immunohistochemical stains alone, implying a high level of agreement among the 4 pathologists. The combined weighted kappa statistic for the comparison of @entity1710 and @entity1711 sections and @entity1 age to the gold standard was 0.49, and for the immunohistochemically stained slides to the gold standard 0.48, indicating that a diagnosis based on @entity1710 and @entity1711 sections alone or immunostains alone show only a moderate and similar level of agreement with the gold standard diagnosis. Only the most controversial cases were sent for external review. The weighted kappa statistic estimate was 0.30 for the gold standard diagnosis on those cases and the external review. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 remain a difficult area in dermatopathology and experts frequently disagree on the most challenging cases. An immunohistochemical panel contributes to the diagnosis of @entity5 , and the contribution is statistically similar to that of @entity1710 and @entity1711 sections and age. Interpretation remains subjective, as evidenced by the comparison of the gold standard and external review.

title: Statistical analysis of the concordance of immunohistochemical stains with the final diagnosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic tumors', 'Spitzoid neoplasms', 'spitzoid tumors', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'spitzoid melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['spitzoid neoplasms']


abstract: The @entity35 is an extremely valuable model for studies of inherited susceptibility to @entity0 because the characteristics of @entity35 mammary @entity5 and @entity1 @entity0 are so similar. There are now several @entity35 models for studying sensitivity versus resistance, or cell autonomy versus non-cell-autonomy, for spontaneous and induced mammary @entity5 . It is known that the @entity5 -resistant Cop [20, 21] and WKy [8] strains carry dominant resistance genes that inhibit both spontaneous and induced @entity5 . The WF and SD strains are known to carry dominant sensitivity genes that appear to increase susceptibility to induced but not spontaneous @entity5 . The presence of both resistance and sensitivity genes in the Cop strain is intriguing, and provides a unique model for studying the interactions of both types of genes. It appears that the resistance genes together are at least partially dominant over the sensitivity gene in this model since the F1 @entity35 develop only a few @entity5 . Yet another strain, the F344, has an intermediate sensitivity and has been shown to carry neither sensitivity or resistance genes. Thus, all these models and data indicate that sensitivity genes are not necessary for the development of @entity5 , and neither are they sufficient. However, loss of resistance gene function is necessary but is not sufficient for @entity5 development. Studies have shown that the sensitivity and resistance genes act directly within the mammary epithelial cells rather than globally in the @entity35 . The products of these genes also do not appear to act at early steps in the carcinogenic process because there have been no observed effects of these genes on carcinogen metabolism or DNA adduct formation. It would appear that these genes act at later stages of mammary carcinogenesis. Identification and isolation of these genes should aid our understanding of the inherited components of @entity1 @entity0 . With the increasing availability of genetic markers and large-insert libraries for the @entity35 genome, genetic and physical mapping studies are now a reality for the genes involved in mammary carcinogenesis of the @entity35 . Such studies have already revealed the multigenic nature of this @entity5 , supporting the idea that the limited penetrance of @entity5345 and @entity2674 in @entity1 @entity0 is due to loci that modify the effects of the sensitivity genes. Assuming that @entity1 homologues of the Mcs genes exist, cloning the genes and defining the @entity1 homologues may provide a way to identify the risk for @entity0 development in @entity1 . Analysis of the function of such genes may also lead to the development of new drugs for chemoprevention and/or therapy of this lethal disease.

title: The genetic components of susceptibility to @entity0 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'mammary tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Isometric force development has been measured simultaneously with liberated heat in papillary muscles from the right ventricle of the @entity840 , using rapid antimony- @entity1535 thermopiles. The following components of the contractile cycle and their relation to energy consumption were evaluated: (1) basal metabolism; (2) crossbridge cycling; (3) @entity460 cycling; and (4) recovery processes. The influences of @entity3044 , high @entity460 and UDCG-115, a @entity460 -sensitizing substance, on these four energy compartments of the muscle were studied relative to their positive inotropic effects. @entity3044 increased initial heat per peak developed @entity2701 or per @entity2701 -time integral from 7.4 +/- 1.55 to 11.65 +/- 1.15 mucal/g cm (p less than 0.02) or from 4.52 +/- 0.79 to 8.14 +/- 0.77 mucal/g cm sec (p less than 0.01), respectively. In contrast, these ratios were unchanged from control values by positive inotropic interventions with 11 mM @entity460 or UDCG-115. The increase of initial heat for a unit of mechanical activity due to @entity3044 is attributable to activation and contractile protein processes, i.e. the activation heat increased from 0.24 +/- 0.05 to 0.68 +/- 0.13 mcal/g (p less than 0.01) and @entity2701 -dependent heat per @entity2701 -time integral increased from 2.24 +/- 0.60 to 5.18 +/- 0.89 mucal/g cm sec (p less than 0.01). We conclude that @entity3044 increases the number of @entity460 ions released into the sarcoplasm during each activation cycle. It also alters the rate of crossbridge cycling associated with a decreased economy of force generation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Modulation of myothermal economy of isometric force generation by positive inotropic interventions in the XXXX myocardium.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 was the seventh leading cause of @entity204 for @entity1 65 and older in @entity739 ( @entity739 ) in 2010. In 2007, fatality rates for both accidental falls and motor vehicle crashes were higher in @entity739 than the nation as a whole. US Census Data from 2010 showed @entity739 to have one of the oldest median ages in the nation (surpassed by Maine and Vermont) and currently 16% of the population of @entity739 is over 65 years of age. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of data extracted from the John Michael @entity130 Center (JMMTC) @entity130 registry for the time period of January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2014. RESULTS: There were 3,895 @entity1 , aged 65 years or older, treated at the Jon Michael @entity130 Center in Morgantown, @entity739 during the study time period. Accidents accounted for 98.6% of the injuries. The elderly were most commonly injured in their place of residence (59.8%). The top two mechanisms of injury were falls (75.2%) and motor vehicular crashes (13.9%). Frequently, disposition from the Emergency Department was to a higher level of care: Intensive Care Unit (32.3%) and Step-down Unit (21.2%). The most common serious injuries were @entity932 (40.0%), lower extremity @entity174 (38.1%), and spine @entity174 (26.0%). The average hospital stay was 5.6 days and the average ICU stay was 3.2 days. Hospital discharge dispositions frequently resulted in care out of the home; skilled nursing facility (22.0%), rehabilitation facility (15.5%), morgue/funeral home (6.6%), and long-term residential care facility (5.7%). The most common pre-existing medical conditions were @entity101 (71.9%), @entity6 (29.3%), @entity1030 (19.5%), and @entity303 (18.8%). CONCLUSION: Elder West Virginians most frequently are injured in falls and motor vehicular crashes. Pre-existing medical conditions are very common. @entity130 in the elderly creates a significant burden on the @entity1 , their families, and on the health care system in @entity739 . Injury prevention interventions have the potential to diminish the impact of @entity130 on elder West Virginians.

title: @entity130 and the Elder West Virginian: A Six Year Review at a Level I XXXX Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['WV', 'West Virginia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Moore Trauma', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: A 3-year microplot study was initiated to characterize the population dynamics, reproduction potential, and survivorship of single or mixed populations of Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 (Ma1) and race 2 ( @entity34131 ), as affected by crop rotations of peanut 'Florigiant' and M. incognita races 1 and 3-resistant 'McNair 373' and susceptible 'Coker 371-Gold' @entity286 . Infection, reproduction, and root damage by @entity34131 on peanut and by Ma1 on resistant @entity286 were limited in the first year. Infection, reproduction, and root-damage potentials on susceptible @entity286 were similar for Ma1 and @entity34131 . In the mixed (1:1) population, Ma1 was dominant on peanut and @entity34131 was dominant on both @entity286 cultivars. @entity717 affected the population dynamics of different @entity2199 races. For years 2 and 3, the low numbers of Ma1 and @entity34131 from a previous-year poor host increased rapidly on suitable hosts. Ma1 had greater reproduction factors ([RF] = population density at harvest/population density at preplandng) than did @entity34131 and Ma1 + @entity34131 in second-year peanut plots following first-year resistant @entity286 , and in third-year peanut plots following second-year @entity286 . In mixed @entity277 , Ma1 predominated over @entity34131 in previous-year peanut plots, whereas @entity34131 predominated over Ma1 in previous-year @entity286 plots. Moderate damage on resistant @entity286 was induced by Ma1 in the second year. In the third year, moderate damage on peanut was associated with ' @entity34131 ' from previous-year peanut plots. The resistant @entity286 supported sufficient reproduction of Ma1 over 2 years to effect moderate damage and yield suppression to peanut in year 3.

title: Effects of Peanut- XXXX Rotations on Population Dynamics of Meloidogyne arenaria in Mixed Race Populations.

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestations']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Crop rotation']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: @entity21521 is a multipurpose and drought-resistant shrub or small tree widespread all over the tropics and subtropics. Its seeds are rich in oil, and the Jatropha kernel meal obtained after oil extraction is rich in protein. However, presence of toxic and antinutritional constituents restricts its use in fish feed. Jatropha kernel meal was detoxified. @entity7136 , @entity7136 , fingerlings (15; av. body mass 10.9  0.65 g) were randomly distributed in three groups with five replicates. A 6-week feeding experiment was conducted in a respirometer system to evaluate the growth performance, nutrient utilisation and energy budget. Fish were fed isonitrogenous diets (38% crude protein): control diet (Control group) containing fish meal (FM) protein based protein and two other diets replacing 75% FM protein with detoxified Jatropha kernel meal (DJKM, Jatropha group) and @entity1460 meal (SBM, @entity1460 group). At the end of the experiment, body mass gain, metabolic growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value, energy retention, efficiency of metabolised energy for growth and efficiency of energy retention were determined. These parameters were high and statistically similar for Control and Jatropha groups and significantly lower (P<0.05) for @entity1460 group. Whereas a reverse trend was observed for energy expenditure per g protein retained in fish body. No significant differences were found in heat released, gross energy uptake, metabolised energy intake, metabolisability, energy expenditure, energy expenditure per g protein fed and apparently unmetabolised energy. Conclusively, @entity7136 -fed plant protein (DJKM and SBM) and FM protein-based diets exhibited equal average metabolic rate.

title: Dietary inclusion of detoxified @entity21521 kernel meal: effects on growth performance and metabolic efficiency in XXXX , @entity7136 L.

entities_list: @entity21521 :: ('180498', 'Species') :: ['Jatropha curcas']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['common carp', 'Cyprinus carpio', 'Common carp']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['Soybean', 'soybean']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['common carp']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity542 continue to improve over time and a minimum follow-up of six months is considered necessary to evaluate outcome. However, this may be difficult to assess due to lack of follow-up. It is also well known that operated @entity1 who return for cranioplasty usually have the best outcome. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcome following severe @entity542 using cranioplasty as a surrogate marker for good outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study carried out from January 2009 to December 2010. All @entity1 with severe @entity542 who underwent decompressive craniectomy (DC) in the study period were included. @entity1 who came back for cranioplasty in the same period were also included. Case records, imaging and follow up visit data from all @entity1 were reviewed. Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS) on admission and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at discharge were assessed. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: Of the 273 @entity1 , 84.25% (n=230) were males and 15.75% (n= 43) were females. The mean age was 34.3 years (range 2-81 years, SD 16.817). The mean GCS on admission was 5.615 (range 3-8, SD 1.438). The in-hospital mortality was 54% (n=149). Good outcome (GOS of 4 or 5) at discharge was attained in 22% (n=60) @entity1 . Sixty five @entity1 returned for cranioplasty (with a GOS of 4 or 5) during the study period. There was no statistical difference in the number of @entity1 discharged with good outcome and those coming back for cranioplasty in the study period (P>0.5). @entity1 who came back for cranioplasty were younger in age (mean age 28.815 years SD 13.396) with better admission GCS prior to DC (mean GCS 6.32 SD1.39). CONCLUSIONS: In operated severe @entity542 @entity1 significant number of @entity1 (24% in our study) have excellent outcome. However, insignificant number of @entity1 had further improvement to GOS 4 or 5 (good outcome) from the time of initial discharge. This suggests that due to lack of intensive rehabilitative facilities, GOS at discharge may be representative of final outcome in the vast majority of cases of severe @entity542 in developing countries like India.

title: Can glasgow score at discharge represent final outcome in severe XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) based on vital sign (VS) is thought to be the most useful criteria for successful non-operative management (NOM) of blunt @entity130 (BSI). However, a consistent definition of @entity1344 has not been established. We wanted to evaluate the definition of @entity1344 through conducting a nationwide survey and find the factors affectting diversity. METHODS: The questionnaire regarding the definition of @entity1344 was sent to the department of @entity130 surgery and emergency medicine of level I @entity130 center between October 2012 and November 2012. Data was compared using analysis of variance, t-test,   2 test and logistic regression. RESULTS: Among five hundred and sixty-three doctors, 507 responded (90%). Forty-eight responses were incomplete, and hence, 459 (81.5%) responses were analyzed. There was a significant diversity in the definition of @entity1344 on the subject of type of blood pressure (BP), cut off value of @entity551 , measuring technique of BP, duration of @entity551 , whether or not using heart rate (HR) as a determinant of @entity1344 , cut off value of @entity551 when the @entity1 has comorbidity or when the @entity1 is a pediatric @entity1 . 91.5% replied that they were confused defining @entity1344 and felt the need to have more objective determinants. Nevertheless, 90% of the responders were not using laboratory test to define @entity1344 . CONCLUSION: Many @entity130 doctors are using only VS to define @entity1344 . This is why there is a @entity911 regarding how to define which @entity1 is hemodynamically stable. More objective determinants such as base deficit or @entity880 can be useful adjuncts.

title: Diversity of the definition of stable vital sign in XXXX @entity1 : results of a nationwide survey.

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Hemodynamic stability', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spleen injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells that have immunosuppressive effects both in vitro and in experimental @entity1960 . Promising results of MSC therapy have been obtained in @entity1 with severe graft versus host disease of the gut. Our objective was to determine the safety and feasibility of autologous bone marrow derived MSC therapy in @entity1 with refractory @entity30 . @entity1 AND INTERVENTION: 10 adult @entity1 with refractory @entity30 (eight females and two males) underwent bone marrow aspiration under local anaesthesia. Bone marrow MSCs were isolated and expanded ex vivo. MSCs were tested for phenotype and functionality in vitro. 9 @entity1 received two doses of 1-2 10(6) cells/kg body weight, intravenously, 7 days apart. During follow-up, possible side effects and changes in @entity1 ' @entity30 activity index (CDAI) scores were monitored. Colonoscopies were performed at weeks 0 and 6, and @entity32 was assessed by using the @entity30 endoscopic index of severity. RESULTS: MSCs isolated from @entity1 with @entity30 showed similar morphology, phenotype and growth potential compared to MSCs from healthy donors. Importantly, immunomodulatory capacity was intact, as @entity30 MSCs significantly reduced peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in vitro. MSC infusion was without side effects, besides a mild @entity56 probably due to the cryopreservant @entity3733 in one @entity1 . Baseline median CDAI was 326 (224-378). Three @entity1 showed clinical response (CDAI decrease >= 70 from baseline) 6 weeks post-treatment; conversely three @entity1 required surgery due to disease worsening. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of autologous bone marrow derived MSCs appears safe and feasible in the treatment of refractory @entity30 . No serious adverse events were detected during bone marrow harvesting and administration.

title: Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell treatment for refractory luminal XXXX : results of a phase I study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that after uncomplicated acute @entity583 , T wave positivization during stress testing may unveil @entity296 . We evaluated in a prospective study the clinical value of T wave positivization during @entity452 stress echocardiography in @entity1 with recent, first uncomplicated acute @entity583 . METHODS: Two hundred twenty-nine @entity1 , who underwent @entity452 stress echocardiography within 10 days of uncomplicated acute @entity583 , were selected for exhibiting negative T waves in the @entity1188 area. A mean follow-up of 2.1 +/- 1 years (up to 6 years) was obtained. RESULTS: T wave positivization appeared during @entity452 test in 76 (33%) @entity1 . The agreement of T wave positivization for @entity296 was 65% (95% confidence interval 59-71). Compared to @entity296 during @entity452 stress echocardiography, the combination with T wave positivization was more sensitive (55 vs 24%, 95% confidence interval 46-64 vs 17-33) for predicting @entity299 , albeit less specific. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed 47 (62%) @entity299 in @entity1 with T wave positivization and 70 (46%) @entity299 in the remaining @entity1 (p < 0.05). Soft (n = 91) prevailed over hard (n = 26) @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: T wave positivization during @entity452 stress echocardiography after uncomplicated acute @entity583 identifies @entity1 at higher cardiac risk, and is more sensitive, albeit less specific, for @entity299 than viability alone. T wave positivization is helpful in the case of inconclusive stress echocardiography. The pathophysiology of T wave positivization and its relative value among other variables warrant further analysis.

title: @entity452 -induced T wave positivization after uncomplicated @entity583 : a marker of XXXX and higher cardiac risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial viability']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To improve glycemic control and prevent late complications, the @entity1 and @entity6 team need to adjust insulin therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of thrice-daily versus twice-daily insulin regimens on HbA1c for @entity6 by a randomized controlled trial in Hamedan, west of Iran. METHODS: The study included 125 @entity1 under 19 years of age with @entity6 over a 3-month period. All @entity1 with glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) >= 8% were followed prospectively and randomized into two trial and control groups. The control group received conventional two insulin injections per day: a mixture of short-acting (regular) + intermediated acting (NPH) insulins pre-breakfast (twice daily), and the trial group was treated by an extra dose of regular insulin before lunch (three times daily). Main outcome measure was HbA1c at baseline and at the end of 3 months. The mean blood @entity413 level and number of @entity4053 were recorded. All @entity1 underwent monthly intervals follow up for assessing their home blood @entity413 records and insulin adjustment. RESULTS: Overall, 100 @entity1 completed the study protocol. 52% were females, mean   SD of age of 12.91    3.9 years. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics including age, gender, pubertal stage, adherence to diet, duration of disease and total daily insulin dose (p>0.05). There was a significant decrease individually in both groups in HbA1c level (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in HbA1c reduction in @entity1 on twice-daily insulin injections and those on thrice-daily insulin injection groups (1.12    2.12 and 0.98  2.1% respectively, p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with twice daily insulin, a therapeutic regimen involving the addition of one dose regular insulin before lunch caused no significant change in the overall glycemic control of @entity1 with @entity6 . Our results emphasize that further efforts for near normoglycemia should be focused upon education of @entity1 in terms of frequent outpatient visits, more blood @entity413 monitoring and attention to insulin adjustments.

title: Efficacy of Thrice-daily versus Twice-daily Insulin Regimens on Glycohemoglobin (Hb A1c) in XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: The solid-phase synthesis and an ADME investigation with albino and pigmented male @entity35 of the doubly @entity3209 -labelled beta/alpha-tetrapeptide derivative Ac-beta3 hTyr-(D)Trp-beta3 hLys-beta3 hThr- @entity13629 (3; Fig. 3) are described. After intravenous (i.v.) and peroral (p.o.) administration of the peptide, its concentration in blood and plasma, its tissue distribution, and the metabolism and the excretion of the peptide were analyzed over a period of up to 7 days post dose. The tetrapeptide in its ring opened form, 5, has a bioavailability of ca. 25%; radioactivity is distributed in the animals in an organ-specific way, and the compound appears to pass the blood-brain barrier to a very small extent, if at all (Tables 1-3 and Figs. 2-6). Excretion (37% renal, 44% fecal, including biliary) of the tetrapeptide 4 days after i.v. administration is almost complete, with only 4.3% remaining in the carcass; 4 days after p.o. administration 97% of the dose has been excreted in the feces. Radiochromatograms taken of plasma (0.5 and 24 h after i.v. dosing) and of urine and feces extracts (0-48 h collected) reveal the presence of @entity13629 3 and/or the corresponding @entity32702 5 with essentially no or very minor other peaks, respectively, representing possible metabolites (Tables 4-6, and Fig. 7 and 8). A comparison with a previous ADME investigation of a beta-nonapeptide show that--except for the lack of metabolism--all aspects of exposure, distribution, and elimination are different (structure-specific properties). The investigated @entity18847 3 is a potent and highly specific agonist of the @entity1943 receptor hsst4, rendering the results described herein promising for diagnostic and therapeutic applications of beta-peptides.

title: Pharmacokinetic investigation of a XXXX -labelled beta 3/alpha tetrapeptide in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity18847 :: ('CHEBI:48030', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrapeptide']

entities_list: @entity32702 :: ('CHEBI:35868', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxy acid']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity3209 :: (CHEBI:36927,Chemical) :: ['14C']


abstract: Over the last 30 years, three new opioids of the @entity23966 family have been introduced to anaesthesia clinical practice: @entity681 , @entity680 and @entity1937 . @entity680 is a derivative of @entity3575 , with quicker onset than that of @entity3575 and with shorter duration and more intense vagomimetic properties than those of @entity3575 and @entity681 . It may cause less intense @entity1576 than equianalgesic doses of @entity3575 . Clinical trials indicate that @entity680 can be used effectively as an analgesic, as an analgesic supplement to anaesthesia, and as the major component of a general anaesthetic. Its short duration of effect makes it attractive as an analgesic supplement for short ambulatory surgical procedures. @entity681 is a more potent and more lipophilic analgesic than @entity3575 . It would appear to maintain haemodynamic stability during surgery better than other opioids. Epidural @entity681 produces a rapid onset and good quality of @entity1337 . In addition, low doses administered intravenously via a PCA pump seem to have a potential role for @entity1337 during labour. @entity1937 is an opioid analgesic that is rapidly metabolized by non-specific blood and tissue esterases. According to its unique pharmacokinetic profile, @entity1937 -based anaesthesia combines high-dosage opioid @entity1337 intraoperatively with a rapid and predictable postoperative awakening, even after long procedures. Its vagomimetic properties are especially pronounced in small @entity1 , the elderly and hypovolaemic @entity1 , and in these groups atropine should be always given before @entity1937 administration. @entity1937 also minimises the adrenergic response to endotracheal intubation. Three mju agonist-antagonists have been used for @entity158 treatment: @entity5889 , @entity12691 and @entity4783 . They can be used in ambulatory settings. @entity5889 can be used parenterally. It reverses @entity1286 -induced @entity1576 while maintaining adequate analgesic effect. @entity4783 can be given sublingually, percutanenously, epidurally and parenterally. It is a potent analgesic, recommended for strong @entity282 . @entity12691 is a potent analgesic that increases heart rate, @entity551 . It should be given carefully in @entity1 with @entity301 .

title: [New opioids for general anaesthesia and in- and out-hospital XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol', 'Butorphanol']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil', 'Sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['Alfentanil', 'alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine', 'Buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['arterial and pulmonary blood pressures and cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity23966 :: ('MESH:C032727', 'Chemical') :: ['piperidine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5889 :: ('MESH:D009266', 'Chemical') :: ['nalbuphine', 'Nalbuphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['Remifentanil', 'remifentanil']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged ischaemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) of skeletal muscle results in significant tissue injury. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC), achieved by repeated brief periods of I/R before prolonged ischaemia or @entity859 pretreatment, can prevent I/R injury in cardiac muscle. The aim of this study was to ascertain in a rodent model if @entity121 due to global hindlimb tourniquet-induced I/R could be similarly attenuated. METHODS: Anaesthetized @entity35 were randomized (n = 6-10 per group) to five groups: sham-operated controls; I/R (4 h of ischaemia, 2 h of reperfusion); @entity5524 (three cycles of 10 min of ischaemia/10 min of reperfusion) alone; IPC immediately preceding I/R; or @entity859 1000 microg/kg immediately before I/R. At the end of reperfusion, biopsies were taken from the left gastrocnemius muscle for measurement of @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ). Before ischaemia and at the end of reperfusion, blood samples were taken for measurement of @entity842 metabolites, @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity1505 and @entity17104 . RESULTS: IPC before I/R resulted in lower levels of @entity1589 (P < 0.001) and @entity1505 (P = 0.004), and higher levels of @entity2197 (P < 0.001) and @entity842 metabolites (P = 0.002) than I/R alone. @entity859 had effects comparable to IPC pretreatment (P < 0.001 for @entity1589 , P = 0.002 for @entity2197 , P = 0.02 for @entity842 metabolites and P = 0.001 for @entity1505 ). There was no difference in the blood pressure or the @entity17104 concentration among the groups. CONCLUSION: IPC or pretreatment with @entity859 ameliorates the I/R @entity121 .

title: Protective effect of preconditioning and XXXX pretreatment in experimental skeletal muscle reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['injury of skeletal muscle', 'damage to skeletal muscle']

entities_list: @entity17104 :: ('114105(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 2', 'MIP-2']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between blood component transfusions and the incidence of major @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing esophageal resection surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Single academic tertiary referral center. @entity1 : All @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy from 2005 through 2009. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was the incidence of major @entity86 , defined as @entity55 , @entity281 , and/or a @entity281 occurring within 30 days postoperatively. In total, 465 @entity1 were evaluated. One hundred thirty-eight @entity1 (29.7%) received a blood transfusion before the onset of a major @entity86 or during a similar exposure interval in those with no such complications. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between any @entity86 (transfused v nontransfused 31.9% v 13.2%; odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.9-5.0; p < 0.01). This association was lost on multivariate analysis. Subgroup analysis with multivariate adjustment identified a significant association between high plasma volume blood component transfusions and @entity86 (odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.2-15.8; p = 0.03). With multivariate adjustment, red blood cell administration was no longer associated with major @entity260 . CONCLUSIONS: High plasma volume blood component transfusions were associated with the development of major @entity260 in @entity1 undergoing esophageal resection surgery. In contrast, red blood cell transfusion was not associated with @entity166 .

title: Plasma transfusion is associated with XXXX following esophageal resection surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'blood component transfusion and postoperative infection', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative infectious complications']