abstract: Numerous epidemiological studies have established that occupational exposures and smoking are the two major known risk factors for the development of @entity150 . Using data from the Missouri Cancer Registry, we investigated the hypothesis that individuals with occupationally-related @entity150 are more likely to have a more invasive form of the disease. Data were analyzed for 2,893 white males diagnosed with primary @entity150 in Missouri between 1984 and 1988. Of the 1,415 cases whose occupational status was recorded, 236 (17%) were employed in high-risk occupations. Cases with high-grade disease were more likely to have been employed in a high-risk occupation, after adjustment for age and smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-2.6). High-risk workers under 60 years of age were most at risk for developing high-grade @entity150 (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.0-5.3). There was no overall association between high-risk occupation and @entity5 (AOR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.7-1.5), but it was present in the @entity1 younger than 60 years of age (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.0-3.8). No association was found between @entity286 use and grade (AOR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.8-1.5), but cases with @entity5 were more likely to be smokers (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-1.9). When occupations were examined individually, motor vehicle operators, truck drivers, vehicle mechanics, other mechanics, and janitors were among those most likely to be diagnosed with high-grade or late-stage @entity5 . Although further studies are necessary to confirm these results, they suggest that surveillance and targeted screening of workers in high-risk occupations may result in a greater yield of early invasive @entity5 and possibly decrease the mortality associated with this disease.

title: Occupation, smoking, and the risk of high-grade invasive XXXX in Missouri.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'late-stage disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review how @entity792 is induced in @entity2401 . RECENT FINDINGS: Clinical and experimental @entity2401 follows microbial @entity281 , but @entity792 to cardiac antigens leads to @entity712 since infected myocytes are sparse and virus clearance is rapid. In @entity19 , CD4+ T cells specific for cardiac alpha myosin heavy chain (aMYHC) cause @entity2401 and @entity19 tolerized to aMYHC are protected from virus challenge proving pathogenesis depends upon @entity792 . Most importantly, multiple microbes share the same mimicking epitope with aMYHC. @entity281 with very different microbes could result in memory responses to the shared epitope leading to @entity146 and severe @entity712 . A similar phenomenon may explain @entity792 with suspected infectious causes, where specific pathogens have not been identified. Production of the relevant cardiac epitope for antigen presentation requires more than myosin release from dead myocytes. Otherwise, @entity2401 would commonly follow @entity583 . The inherent nature of the innate immune response associated with @entity1800 in the heart is crucial to cardiac epitope expression. SUMMARY: Antigenic mimicry between microbes and cardiac proteins causes @entity792 in @entity2401 . Characteristics of innate immunity associated with @entity299 determine relevant epitope expression (cryptic epitopes).

title: Autoimmunity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Serial infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['viral myocarditis', 'myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac infection']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['viral myocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1066 is a rare, severe @entity32 leading to @entity1939 if @entity1887 . High-dose systemic @entity205 (Sandimmun optoral) was shown to markedly reduce @entity32 and stop corneal destruction. We report on three cases in which this immunosuppressive regimen required additional AM transplantation for complete healing. @entity1 : One 37-year-old male (M) and two 49- (F1) and 58-year-old females (F2) presented with unilateral @entity1066 in different stages of the disease, which deteriorated despite high-dose systemic @entity205 (Sandimmun optoral M, F1) or treatment with topical @entity205 2 % (F2). After surgical removal of all grossly affected @entity2687 , amniotic membrane was made to cover the entire @entity267 and fixed with episcleral sutures in two @entity1 (M, F2). In one @entity1 (F1) a deep marginal @entity1066 was covered with a fitted AM glap. All @entity1 were treated postoperatively up to 6 months with high-dose systemic @entity205 (Sandimmun optoral). Blood trough levels aimed at 150 to 200 ng/mL. Topical @entity205 was administered in addition in two @entity1 (M, F2) postoperatively for at least 6 months. Due to incompatibility, one @entity1 (F1) was treated with topical steroids instead. RESULTS: Follow-up time was 42 months (M), 50 months (F1) and 54 months (F2). All three eyes exhibited clinical healing with stable corneal surfaces thereafter. Depending on the stage of @entity1066 at the time of surgery, visual acuity remained at hand motions in one @entity1 (M) and recovered to 1.0 and 0.6, respectively, in two @entity1 (F1, F2). CONCLUSION: Due to its anti-inflammatory potential, coverage by AM seems to trigger a therapeutic turnaround in cases of @entity1066 which do not heal with intensive immunosuppressive regimens alone. In order to maintain or restore as much visual function as possible, additional amniotic membrane surgery should be performed early enough in the course of the disease.

title: [Amniotic membrane transplantation and high-dose systemic @entity205 (Sandimmun optoral) for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['corneal autoimmune inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', "Mooren's ulcer"]

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['treated insufficiently']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['Mooren's ulcer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in relation to the chronic stress of @entity303 caregiving and major transitions in the caregiving situation. METHODS: We longitudinally assessed 119 @entity1 serving as caregivers for their spouses with @entity195 and 58 noncaregiving controls for a period of up to 3 years (mean of 2.8 assessments per @entity1 ). At baseline, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of all @entity1 was 74.5 (7.5) years. Random regression models with fixed and time-variant effects for psychosocial factors, risk factors of @entity740 , and caregiving transitions were used to evaluate changes over time in estimated GFR. RESULTS: The change in GFR did not differ between caregivers and controls during follow-up (p = .77). Further analyses revealed that GFR declined disproportionately after placement of the spouse in a nursing home at 3 months after placement (-4.9 [2.2] mL/min per 1.73 m(2); p = .03). Post hoc analyses showed that this effect was stronger in caregivers with @entity101 compared with those without @entity101 (-5.7 [3.1] versus -2.4 [3.4] mL/min per 1.73 m(2)), as well as in caregivers with diastolic blood pressure (BP) levels at 1 SD above the mean than in those with diastolic BP levels at 1 SD below the mean (-8.3 [2.9] versus -1.4 [2.7] mL/min per 1.73 m(2)). CONCLUSIONS: Kidney function did not differ between caregivers and controls over time. However, GFR had impaired at 3 months after a major caregiving transition. Because the effect of placement of the spouse with @entity195 on the decline in GFR was moderated by BP, it might be confined to caregivers who experience increased sympathetic activation after placement.

title: Effect of chronic XXXX caregiving and major transitions in the caregiving situation on kidney function: a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity510 from @entity1756 is associated with a severe prognosis. Preventive treatment of unruptured @entity438 is possible and recommended. However, the identification of risk @entity1 by genetic analyses is not possible because of lack of candidate genes. Collagen type I a2 ( @entity4173 ) has been associated with the presence of @entity439 in @entity1 from Japan, China, and Korea. In this study, we investigate whether @entity4173 is a possible @entity439 candidate gene in the German population. METHODS: @entity1 admitted with @entity438 to our department and collaborating departments were enrolled. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the @entity4173 gene, namely @entity47989 in exon 28, @entity47990 in exon 32, and @entity47991 in intron 46 were investigated using restriction enzymes and sequencing. HapMap data were used for comparison of allelic frequencies with the normal population by   2 test to identify significant associations between genotypes and the presence of @entity439 . RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-nine @entity1 were enrolled into the study. There was a significant correlation with the presence of @entity439 for the GC allele of the SNP @entity47989 in exon 28 (P = .02). The other polymorphisms did not show significant correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4173 gene is associated with @entity438 in a subset of the German population. However, it is not responsible for the majority of @entity439 , and further candidate genes need to be identified to develop sensitive genetic screening for @entity1 at risk.

title: Associations of collagen type I a2 polymorphisms with the presence of @entity438 in XXXX from Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a mental practice intervention on recovery in @entity64 @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature search of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Pedro, Rehadat, and RehabTrials was performed by 2 researchers independently. Eligible studies published through August 2005 were selected. STUDY SELECTION: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 controlled clinical trial (CCT), 2 @entity1 series, and 3 case reports that investigated the effects of a mental practice intervention on recovery of @entity64 @entity1 were included. DATA EXTRACTION: The selected RCTs and CCT were assessed on a methodologic quality rating scale. Important characteristics and outcomes were extracted and summarized. Results and characteristics from the @entity1 series and case reports were only provided if they added information. DATA SYNTHESIS: Included studies differed clearly from one another with regard to @entity1 characteristics, intervention protocol, and outcome measures. Four different mental practice strategies were used. Most tasks involved mentally rehearsing movements of the arm. Intervention periods varied from 2 to 6 weeks, frequencies ranged from multiple sessions per day to 3 times a week. Studies were limited in size. Power could not be increased by pooling or meta-analysis because studies were not comparable. Three of the 4 RCTs were of reasonable methodologic quality. There was some evidence that mental practice as an additional therapy intervention had positive effects on recovery of arm function after @entity64 . Two mental practice techniques appeared to be effective-tape instruction and self-regulation. Results from the single case studies indicate that mental practice is also promising for improvement of leg function. CONCLUSIONS: No definite conclusions could be drawn except that further research, using clear definitions of the content of mental practice and standardized measurement of outcome, are needed.

title: The effects of mental practice in XXXX rehabilitation: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cupressaceae @entity2023 is a worldwide winter @entity2023 . Exposure to cypress pollen has increased enormously during recent decades, and cypress @entity2023 has become a major health problem, especially in Mediterranean countries. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cypress pollen sensitization and @entity566 in the Montpellier area and the symptoms presented by sensitized @entity1 . METHODS: We included all 6185 consecutive @entity1 who were referred to our center for any @entity56 during a 36-month period. For each @entity1 , we evaluated skin prick test results, @entity566 , pulmonary function test results, and the need for allergen immunotherapy. RESULTS: We found that 20.7% of @entity1 were sensitized to cypress pollen and 46.4% presented symptoms during the pollen season. The main symptoms were @entity7370 and @entity565 . @entity566 to @entity2486 was detected in 4% of sensitized and symptomatic @entity1 . Allergen immunotherapy was necessary to control symptoms in 57.9% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Cypress @entity2023 is one of the leading causes of @entity1576 in the Montpellier area. Symptoms are often severe and include pollen-induced @entity565 . Moreover,many @entity1 need allergen immunotherapy in order to achieve better control of their symptoms.

title: Epidemiology of cypress XXXX in Montpellier.

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollinosis', 'pollen allergy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergy symptoms', 'Oral allergy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergy']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['pollen allergy']


abstract: The exact mechanism of the @entity925 recognized as a prominent symptom in @entity2956 remains unclear, although it is clinically known that @entity2472 causes tenderness in masseter muscles. It has been demonstrated that P2X3 receptors (P2X3Rs) in sensory neurons play a role in @entity158 signaling from the periphery. We determined the role of P2X(3)R on pressure @entity158 and @entity1931 in a newly developed @entity35 model of @entity925 . The @entity158 in the masseter muscle was assessed by the pressure @entity158 threshold (PPT), which was defined as the amount of pressure required to induce @entity135 . In naive animals, systemic treatment with @entity1286 was associated with increase of PPTs. Changes in PPTs were examined after administration of P2XR agonists or antagonists into the masseter muscle. The masseter muscle injection of alpha,beta-me @entity855 (P2X(1,3,2/3)R-specific agonist) induced a significantly greater behavioral response than its vehicle. This enhanced response was completely blocked by the co-application of alpha,beta-meATP with PPADS (P2X(1,2,3,5,1/5,2/3)R-specific antagonist). Excessive contraction in masseter muscle was produced by electrical stimulation. The exerted masseter muscles showed a significant reduction in PPTs indicating the induction of @entity1931 of the muscle. Moreover, administration of PPADS to the exerted masseter muscles produced a complete recovery of reducing @entity3445 . Immunohistochemically, the number of P2X3R-positive neurons innervating the masseter muscles increased in the excessively contracted condition in trigeminal ganglia. Our results suggested that P2X3R plays an important role in pressure @entity158 and @entity1931 in masseter muscle caused by @entity2472 .

title: Involvement of XXXX and its receptors on nociception in @entity35 model of @entity925 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head flinching']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['masseter muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['excessive muscular contraction']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Worldwide @entity3328 eradication was proposed in 1988 by the World Health Organization (WHO), based on reaching and maintaining high vaccination coverage and on implementing effective @entity9925 infection surveillance systems. METHODS: In Spain the surveillance system focuses on active searching for acute flaccid @entity912 cases through a nine-laboratory network, coordinated by the National @entity9925 Laboratory (NPL) in the National Center of Microbiology, and supported by Autonomous Community epidemiologists. Additionally, the Network sends enterovirus isolation data from other syndromes. The Laboratory Network is responsible for the primary virological study, while the NPL characterizes all polioviruses and the most epidemiologically relevant non-polio enteroviruses. RESULTS: A total of 54,533 samples were studied during the six-year period, and enteroviruses were detected in 9%. All the polioviruses isolated (n = 196), were characterized as Sabin-like ( @entity9925 vaccine), and among the non-polio enteroviruses, the most frequent was Echovirus 30. A total of 3% of the samples studied corresponded to the 268 acute flaccid @entity912 cases or their contacts. DISCUSSION: According to the results and the WHO virological classification, Spain can be considered polio-free. However, the geographic situation of our country may facilitate the introduction of wild polioviruses that can give rise to imported @entity3328 . Hence, the laboratory network should actively continue to participate in all the proposed WHO strategies, particularly maintenance of the @entity3328 eradication infrastructures, and continuing monitoring and vaccination.

title: [Laboratory Network within the Polio Eradication Initiative (1998-2003): six years of surveillance for acute flaccid XXXX in Spain].

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity9925 :: ('138950', 'Species') :: ['poliovirus', 'Poliovirus']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: A Portuguese female, aged 47 years, who had emigrated to Spain, was admitted to the hospital in 1991 for pontine haematoma. The @entity1 , four siblings and her father were affected by a @entity1897 , indicating autosomal dominant inheritance. The @entity1 presented in the 2nd decade with @entity1897 beginning in the lower extremities. Alternating @entity1142 and @entity294 , and @entity322 became uncontrollable. She had to be colostomised, and, eventually, confined to a wheelchair from the age of 43. Neurological examination showed bilateral facial involvement, and severe signs of @entity1897 , and later right @entity1158 . There were @entity854 and @entity714 . Computerised axial tomography and magnetic resonance images demonstrated left-sided pontine @entity548 . Nerve conduction studies revealed severe diminution of motor conduction velocity and absence or reduction of amplitude of sensory and motor action potentials. Inanition and a @entity1729 led to her @entity204 . Clinical diagnosis was type I @entity14755 ( @entity14755 ). Postmortem examination demonstrated @entity527 in @entity1897 , including spinal roots and cranial nerves, leptomeninges, thyroid, breasts, heart, adrenal glands, kidneys, intestines, pancreas, and meningeal and some pontine vascular structures. Advanced pontine haematoma was verified. @entity1779 usually occurs with @entity2783 , but exceptionally with @entity14755 . A minority of @entity1 presenting with CNS @entity548 showed @entity2758 or @entity887 [Da Silva Horta and Dias Coelho (1960) Arch 'de Vecchi' Anal Patol Med Clin 31 = 163-172].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Type I XXXX and pontine @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy', 'sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy', 'sensory and motor neuropathy', 'peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of atrial rhythm']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity14755 :: (MESH:D028227,Disease) :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy']


abstract: The @entity13242 gene at 8p22 has been suggested as a candidate gene for @entity263 because germline variants have been found to be associated with the disease. Aside from a single nonsense mutation ( @entity46375 ) that was found repeatedly at low frequencies in several samples, little evidence has been gained by follow-up studies to confirm the gene's relevance for @entity263 . Prompted by reasonable support for a linkage to 8p22, we sought to determine the mutation spectrum of @entity13242 in our family sample. Screening of 139 probands (representing 139 @entity263 families) revealed 15 novel and a total of 20 sequence variants within the 10 coding exons and their intronic proximities. Aside from the known mutation @entity46376 ( @entity46375 ) present in two of our families, we identified a second nonsense allele ( @entity46377 ; @entity46378 ) and a splice-site mutation ( @entity46379 ) that results in mRNA instability (each in a single pedigree). The novel missense alleles were @entity46380 ( @entity46381 ), @entity46382 ( @entity46383 ), @entity46384 ( @entity46385 ), @entity46386 ( @entity46387 ), and @entity46388 ( @entity46389 ). Of the eight variants that affect the encoded protein (splice site, nonsense, and missense), only @entity46375 as well as the polymorphism @entity46390 ( @entity46391 ) were additionally present at remarkable frequencies in further samples of @entity263 and controls. Of note, carriers of @entity46375 were equally frequent in 367 @entity263 cases (1.9%) and in 197 controls (2.0%). To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate further loss of function variants of @entity13242 apart from @entity46375 . Nevertheless, the low frequencies of deleterious alleles, in addition to an apparently moderate penetrance, does not support @entity13242 as a major susceptibility gene in this family sample.

title: Germline mutations of the XXXX gene in @entity263 families from Germany.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'sporadic prostate cancer', 'hereditary prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity46378 :: ('p|SUB|S|84|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S84X']

answer: @entity13242 :: (4481,Gene) :: ['MSR1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Different techniques have been used for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity850 after radical prostatectomy (RP). In this retrospective study, we analyzed our experience with @entity384 and consecutive transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided injections of long-acting @entity230 in the scar area. @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of @entity1 who underwent RP in our department from 2002 to 2010 and presented to the outpatient clinics with symptomatic @entity850 . @entity1 were treated with: Urethral dilation, cold knife (CK) urethrotomy, transurethral resection (TUR) of @entity850 and dilation/resection of the strictures with consecutive TRUS-guided injection of a long-acting @entity134 (dilation+TRUS- @entity230 ). @entity1 remained under follow-up, which included the assessment of voiding and continence patterns, as well as cystourethroscopy. RESULTS: In 32 (10.8%) @entity1 , symptomatic @entity850 was diagnosed. Initial @entity384 succeeded in only 3 (10.3%) @entity1 ; thus, 29 remained with recurrent/resistant @entity850 . Urethral dilation+TRUS- @entity230 was performed in 14 @entity1 , while 8 @entity1 underwent CK and in 7 TUR was performed. @entity1 in the dilation+TRUS- @entity230 group had lower re-treatment rates, and none of these @entity1 became incontinent. @entity1 in the TUR group needed no re-treatment; however, they had the highest @entity322 rate (57.1%). As a result, the highest efficiency quotient was in the dilation+TRUS- @entity230 with the lowest in the TUR group. CONCLUSION: Urethral dilation with consecutive TRUS-guided injections of @entity230 has the highest efficiency quotient and can be performed under local anesthesia with a low risk of @entity322 .

title: Transrectal ultrasonography-guided injection of long-acting @entity230 in the treatment of recurrent/resistant XXXX after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['urethral dilation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['anastomotic stenosis']


abstract: A @entity779 ( @entity779 ) DNA vaccine coding for the premembrane and envelope (E) proteins and a recombinant fusion protein containing the B domain of the @entity779 E protein fused to the maltose-binding protein ( @entity10927 ) of @entity526 both elicited neutralizing antibody in @entity19 . In order to achieve more rapid protective immunity as well as to increase the persistence of neutralizing antibody, we primed @entity19 with the DNA vaccine (D), the recombinant @entity10927 protein (R), or both (RD) given simultaneously, and then boosted twice with either the R (R/R/R or D/R/R) or D (D/D/D or R/D/D) constructs alone or the RD (RD/RD/RD) combination. All of the recombinant protein vaccines were given with alum as an adjuvant. The serum antibody response measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was highest in D/D/D @entity19 and RD/RD/RD @entity19 . The D/R/R @entity19 showed an intermediate response, and the R/D/D and R/R/R showed the lowest response. The geometric mean (GM) 50% neutralizationtiter (50% plaque reduction neutralization, or PRNT50) was marginally higher for RD/RD/RD @entity19 (891) at 9 months after priming than that for R/R/R @entity19 (724). T he lowest GM PRNT50 titers were seen in the D/D/D @entity19 (33) and R/D/D @entity19 (40), and the D/R/R group had a slightly higher titer (156) than these 2 groups. The predominant antibody subclass for the D/D/D @entity19 was immunoglobulin (Ig) G2a, similar to @entity19 infected with live virus. The R/R/R @entity19 showed an exclusive IgGI antibody response, and the RD/RD/RD response also was predominantly IgGI. The antibody subclass pattern of the R/D/D and D/R/R @entity19 showed a more balanced distribution of both @entity6527 and @entity9749 . Investigating the neutralizing capacity of antibody subclasses suggested that both @entity6527 and @entity9749 could neutralize @entity779 virus. Our observations indicate that the combination RD prime-boost regimen warrants further investigation as a vaccine strategy to prevent @entity281 .

title: Characterization of antibody responses to combinations of a @entity779 DNA and XXXX recombinant subunit vaccine.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our long-term results with @entity546 for @entity7890 repair. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of our surgical records from 1996 to 2008. Group 1 included 12 @entity1 who had undergone @entity546 as a part of complete primary repair of @entity1494 , and group 2 included 9 @entity1 with @entity7890 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up after @entity7890 repair was 58.2 and 58.6 months for groups 1 and 2, respectively. At the last follow-up visit, 83.3% of group 1 and 100% of group 2 were completely dry or had dry intervals >4 hours. Of the 21 @entity1 , 7 (33.3%) experienced minor complications, 4 in group 1 and 3 in group 2. No ischemic changes of the glans penis or corporal bodies were observed in either group. Erectile function was preserved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Complete penile disassembly technique can achieve total or near complete urinary continence, decreasing the morbidity of multiple procedures and potentially allowing @entity1 to achieve continence at an earlier age. Our experience, with a mean follow-up of nearly 5 years and an overall complication rate of 33.3%, is comparable to that of other published series.

title: Long-term results of penile disassembly technique for correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias', 'isolated epispadias']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['complete penile disassembly']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

answer: @entity7890 :: (MESH:D004842,Disease) :: ['epispadias']


abstract: The release of pituitary GH appears to be critically dependent on alterations in the free intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i). However, little is known about the nature of @entity141 signalling within normal pituitary cells. We, therefore, examined [ @entity141 ]i patterns in individual cultured pituicytes of adult male @entity35 under basal conditions and in response to GH regulatory agents, using the @entity460 -sensitive dye @entity593 together with digital imaging microscopy. Perfusion of cultured anterior pituitary cells with @entity11523 ( @entity11523 ) resulted in a marked increase in [ @entity141 ]i in specific pituitary cells. These cells did not respond to other hypothalamic secretagogues ( @entity1176 , @entity1218 , or @entity3318 ), and there was no evidence of desensitization on repetitive administration of @entity11523 . Somatotrophs (n = 134) exhibited spontaneous oscillations of [ @entity141 ]i in the basal state, with considerable heterogeneity of oscillatory patterns among cells. After application of a near-maximal stimulatory dose of @entity11523 (1 nM), there was a striking 2.2-fold increase in the amplitude of [ @entity141 ]i oscillations and only a modest increase in their frequency. @entity1928 (1 microM) augmented somatotroph [ @entity141 ]i in patterns similar to those of @entity11523 . @entity1943 (10 nM) abolished the [ @entity141 ]i response to @entity11523 (n = 26); this reflected a marked reduction in the amplitude of [ @entity141 ]i oscillations and a slight reduction in their frequency. @entity141 -free medium or the @entity141 channel antagonist @entity3931 (0.1-1 microM) suppressed the @entity141 stimulatory effect of @entity11523 . Conversely, the @entity141 channel agonist @entity9898 (1 microM) strikingly augmented the @entity11523 -induced rise in [ @entity141 ]i, with a major stimulatory effect on the amplitude of [ @entity141 ]i oscillations and no observed effect on their frequency. In summary, @entity11523 and other hypothalamic secretagogues increase [ @entity141 ]i in pituitary cells in a highly specific manner, consistent with the known specificity of their effects on hormone release. Somatotrophs exhibit spontaneous rhythmic oscillation of [ @entity141 ]i in the basal state. Known regulators of GH release markedly alter the [ @entity141 ]i oscillatory pattern in characteristic manners, exerting predominant effects on the amplitude of [ @entity141 ]i pulses and lesser effects on their frequency. These striking effects of GH regulatory agents on pituitary @entity141 signalling are consistent with the concept that modulation of [ @entity141 ]i is a critical mediator of somatotroph function.

title: @entity460 signalling in single XXXX -responsive pituitary cells.

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['Forskolin']

answer: @entity11523 :: (29446(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['growth hormone-releasing factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4128 ( @entity4128 ) is a @entity299 of unknown etiology that causes @entity943 , @entity712 , and @entity944 . Diagnosis can be difficult, and this hampers investigation of its molecular basis. Forms of @entity4128 in which gene penetrance and disease expression are greater should facilitate genetic study. We undertook a clinical and genetic investigation of @entity35969 , originally described by Protonotarios in 1986. This disease constitutes the triad of @entity4128 , @entity45493 , and @entity708 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated the population of Naxos, Greece, to identify probands, which was followed by family screening. Twenty-one affected @entity1 from 9 families of 150 @entity1 were identified. Linkage analysis was performed with microsatellite markers. The disease locus mapped to 17q21. A peak 2-point LOD score of 3.62 at theta=0.0 was found with a marker within intron 4 of the @entity22067 gene, a member of the type I (acidic) keratin family. A preserved homozygous disease haplotype was identified. Haplotype analysis delimited the disease interval. CONCLUSIONS: Hair and @entity272 were found to be reliable markers of subsequent @entity299 . This suggests the presence of a single mutant gene with novel cardiac, skin, and hair function or two or more tightly linked disease genes. @entity74 and a founder effect were demonstrated. Identification of a fully informative @entity74 and uncommon in the background population may be of use as a test to identify disease gene carriers.

title: Gene for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with XXXX and @entity708 ( @entity35969 ) maps to 17q21.

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy', 'ARVC']

entities_list: @entity708 :: ('MESH:C536745', 'Disease') :: ['woolly hair']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity45493 :: ('MESH:C563422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Recessive inheritance of Naxos disease', 'genetic marker linked to the disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart muscle disease', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity35969 :: ('MESH:C538346', 'Disease') :: ['Naxos disease']

answer: @entity45493 :: (MESH:C563422,Disease) :: ['diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma']


abstract: The effects of the @entity952 ( @entity952 ) @entity5713 , @entity1891 and @entity3812 on a @entity1 @entity706 cell line, BM 13674, were investigated. Twelve hours after administration of @entity5713 (10(-3) mg/ml), @entity1891 (10(-2) mg/ml) or @entity3812 (10(-2) mg/ml), cell @entity204 with the characteristic morphology of apoptosis was observed in 71.6%, 82.2% and 76.9% of the cells respectively. The mode of @entity204 was confirmed as apoptotic by the occurrence of internucleosomal DNA cleavage, which was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. For the purpose of casting light on the mechanism involved, inhibition tests were performed on apoptosis induced by one of these drugs, @entity5713 , using a @entity4621 (PDBu), @entity5937 and @entity1880 . @entity10671 , an activator of protein kinase C, and @entity5937 , a putative inhibitor of the endonuclease were thought to be responsible for internucleosomal DNA cleavage; both markedly reduced the induction of apoptosis. The protein synthesis inhibitor @entity1880 , on the other hand, had no inhibitory effect. Moreover, @entity1880 treatment per se enhanced apoptosis. This suggests that new protein synthesis is not required for the execution of @entity5713 -induced apoptosis. Such a finding is in accord with recent reports suggesting that the " @entity204 program" within many cell types may be primed but unable to proceed due to concomitant production of specific "apoptotic inhibitors". It is suggested that @entity4996 prevent @entity5713 -induced apoptosis in the BM 13674 cells by activating one or more of these specific "apoptotic inhibitors", possibly by means of PKC-mediated phosphorylation.

title: Apoptosis induced by @entity952 in cultured @entity1 @entity706 cells. Inhibitory effects of XXXX and @entity5937 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['microtubule disrupting drugs', 'MDD']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity5937 :: ('CHEBI:35176', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulphate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity4621 :: (CHEBI:37532,Chemical) :: ['phorbol ester']


abstract: 1. Treatment of young @entity35 with @entity3875 plus @entity1239 produced 31 and 4 fold increases in the @entity460 content of the aorta and the mesenteric arterial bed, respectively. 2. Aortic rings and perfused mesenteric arterial beds from @entity3875 / @entity1239 -treated animals showed a diminished contractile response to @entity1063 in vitro. 3. In vascular preparations from @entity3875 / @entity1239 -treated animals, precontracted with @entity1063 , relaxation by the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, @entity5402 , was attenuated but responses to @entity1854 were not modified. 4. Prolonged treatment with the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, @entity4687 , at a dose (1 mg kg-1) which did not significantly modify blood pressure, failed to prevent vascular @entity460 overload. 5. @entity4687 treatment diminished @entity1063 -evoked vasoconstrictor responses of aortic rings in both groups, but restored responses in mesenteric arterial beds of @entity3875 / @entity1239 -treated @entity35 . 6. @entity4687 treatment also restored the maximal responses to @entity5402 of both aortic rings and mesenteric arterial beds of @entity3875 / @entity1239 -treated @entity35 . 7. In conclusion, in the @entity3875 plus @entity1239 model of @entity460 overload, reduced endothelial-mediated relaxation can be prevented by @entity4687 treatment.

title: Chronic treatment with the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, @entity4687 , protects in vitro @entity5402 -induced vasorelaxation in a XXXX model of vascular @entity460 overload.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril', 'Perindopril']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: An increase in both vascular circumferential tension and shear stress in the developing vasculature of the @entity1573 embryo has been hypothesized to stimulate angiogenesis in the developing peripheral circulation chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). To test this hypothesis, angiogenesis in the CAM, development, and growth were measured in the early @entity1573 embryo, following acute and chronic topical application of the purely bradycardic drug @entity22724 . At hour 56, @entity22724 reduced heart rate (f(H)) by ~30% but had no significant effect on @entity64 volume (~0.19    0.2  L), collectively resulting in a significant fall in cardiac output (CO) from ~27    3 to 18    2  L min(-1). Mean f(H) at 72 h of development was similarly significantly lowered by acute @entity22724 treatment (250  M) to 128    0.3 beats min(-1), compared with 174.5    0.3 and 174.7    0.8 beats min(-1) in control and Pannett-Compton (P-C) saline-treated embryos, respectively. Chronic dosing with @entity22724 -and the attendant decreases in f(H) and CO-did not change eye diameter or cervical flexion (key indicators of development rate) at 120 h but significantly reduced overall growth (wet and dry body mass decreased by 20%). CAM vessel density index (reflecting angiogenesis) measured 200-400  m from the umbilical stalk was not altered, but @entity22724 reduced vessel numbers-and therefore vessel density-by 13%-16% more distally (500-600  m from umbilical stalk) in the CAM. In the @entity22724 -treated embryos, a @entity393 was found within the second branch order (~300-400  m from the umbilical stock), while a decrease in vessel diameter was found closer to the umbilical stock, beginning in the first branch order (~200-300  m). Paradoxically, chronic application of P-C saline also reduced peripheral CAM vessel density index at 500 and 600  m by 13% and 7%, respectively, likely from washout of local angiogenic factors. In summary, decreased f(H) with reduced CO did not slow development rate but reduced embryonic growth rate and angiogenesis in the CAM periphery. This study demonstrates for the first time that different processes in the ontogeny of the early vertebrate embryo (i.e., @entity1184 growth vs. development) have differential sensitivities to altered convective blood flow.

title: Reduced heart rate and cardiac output differentially affect angiogenesis, growth, and development in early XXXX embryos ( @entity1573 ).

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in vessel length']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: The primary aim of this study was to validate the @entity170 Self-Assessment Tools for Asians (OSTA) instrument in Thai @entity1 , and to evaluate its utility in terms of economic costs and @entity174 prediction. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 322 Thai @entity1 , aged 60+/-10 years (mean+/-SD; range: 45-84 years). The @entity1 were classified as having @entity170 if their BMD T-scores were < or =-2.5. The OSTA score was calculated for each @entity1 using her age and weight according to the formula: 0.2(weight-age). @entity1 with OSTA scores < or =-1 and >-1 were classified as "high risk" and "low risk," respectively. The prevalence of @entity170 was 33% by femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD. Using the OSTA score, 165 (51.2%) @entity1 were classified as high risk. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of OSTA was 82% 64% and 53%, respectively. If the OSTA score is used to identify @entity1 with high risk of @entity174 , and assuming that the incidence of @entity174 among @entity3604 and non- @entity3604 @entity1 are 2% and 1% per year, respectively, the OSTA score can identify 59% of @entity174 cases correctly, and 41% are expected to be missed. Furthermore, if the high-risk subjects identified by OSTA are to be treated, and if the treatment reduces @entity174 incidence by 50%, and assuming that the treatment cost is  1 per day, then the cost to prevent one @entity174 is estimated to be  48,530. Results of this study suggest that, in the Thai population, the OSTA score had high sensitivity but low specificity and low positive predictive value in the identification of @entity3604 @entity1 . Its use in the general population can result in a high false-positive rate and incur significant cost to the community.

title: Clinical risk indices, prediction of @entity170 , and prevention of XXXX : diagnostic consequences and costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristic of the clinical and image features of distensible @entity2694 (DOVM). METHODS: It was a retrospective case series study. Clinical features and imaging findings, including B ultrasonography, CDFI, MRI, CT imaging of 43 @entity1 with DOVM were reviewed in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital affiliated to Secondary Military Medical University RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 (24 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ), whose ages range from 5 to 71 years old, showed clinical or radiological evidence of distensibility. The mean age was 32 years. Location of the lesion within the orbit was variable, 9 @entity1 with superficial lesions, and 19 @entity1 with @entity75 . Twelve @entity1 were classified as combined lesions. 3 @entity1 with @entity1211 were classified as complex lesions. Twenty of 43 @entity1 with DOVM were initially seen with @entity5768 or @entity158 increasing with the head in a dependent position. Eight @entity1 presented with a @entity2459 and @entity158 secondary to @entity715 or @entity548 . B ultrasonography showed an intermittently anechoic lesion that exhibits intrinsic flow during the Valsalva maneuver. Color Doppler imaging might demonstrate a reversal of flow toward the transducer during the Valsalva maneuver. Thirty-five of 43 cases with axial CT images showed a normal appearance or only mild enlargement of the involved veins, but coronal CT images could clearly demonstrate the lesion distensibility. Eight cases showed well defined @entity5 with homogeneous high density due to the @entity715 or @entity548 within the orbit. MR imaging showed hypo to hyperintense signal on T(1)-weighted images, had hyperintense signal on T(2)-weighted MR images. However, signal of @entity2694 could be various according to the different @entity548 time. CONCLUSION: DOVM usually occurs in young @entity1 . Clinical diagnosis can be established with the typical symptoms and one or more imaging examinations.

title: [Analysis of clinical features in distensible XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['deep lesions']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital venous malformations', 'lesions of orbital hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['extraorbital venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden onset of proptosis']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['orbital venous malformations']


abstract: @entity5 of pancreatic and duodenal origin (NETP) are rare and we present a significant experience from a single centre. METHODS: Data was collected on 44 @entity1 who underwent surgery between 1988 and 2002. Since 1997, data have been recorded prospectively on a dedicated database. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 had functioning @entity5 (16 @entity9608 , 3 @entity7581 , 2 @entity26290 , 1 @entity11563 , 1 @entity12983 and 1 @entity5 ). Nine functioning @entity5 and 13 non-functioning had a malignant phenotype. Twenty pancreaticoduodenectomies, 9 local excisions, 7 distal and 2 total pancreatectomies, 5 bypasses and 1 exploratory laparotomy were performed. Fourteen @entity1 (31.8%) had surgical complications, 1 died peri-operatively (2.3%). The overall actuarial survival for resected cases was 74.4 and 42.5% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Lymph node invasion and @entity3 were significant predictors of survival by univariate analysis and only the presence of @entity3 retained significance on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for NETP. Resection can be safely carried out in a specialist centre and is associated with good long-term survival. The presence of @entity3 was a significant predictive factor for survival in @entity1 with NEPT in this series.

title: XXXX of the pancreas: predictors of survival after surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumour', 'tumours', 'AIMS: Neuroendocrine tumours']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity26290 :: ('MESH:D013005', 'Disease') :: ['somatostatinomas']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinomas']

entities_list: @entity12983 :: ('MESH:D005935', 'Disease') :: ['glucagonoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Neuroendocrine tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of @entity7477 as a facilitator agent for the passage of lower ureteral stones. METHODS: Since February 2004 to December 2004, 64 @entity1 with lower ureteral stones who came to the emergency department were enrolled in this study. Exclusion criteria were the presence of @entity293 , severe @entity3041 , elevated serum @entity1011 , @entity101 , history of peptic @entity1066 and history of spontaneous stone passage. @entity1 were randomized into 2 groups of 32. Group 1 @entity1 received @entity7477 tablets, 10 mg daily and analgesic ( @entity3352 capsules) for a maximum of 4 weeks, but @entity1 in Group 2 received only analgesic. In cases of @entity158 control, intravenous @entity6882 was administered. The 2 groups were compared with regard to stone passage rate, time to stone passage, the amount of received @entity6882 and the need for intervention. Statistical analysis was performed by student t-test. RESULTS: The mean age of Group 1 was 44 years and Group 2 was 39 years. The median stone size was 6.9 +/- 2.3 mm in Group 1 and 6.6 +/- 3.1 mm in Group 2, which was not significantly different. Stone expulsion rate was 90.62% in Group 1 and 62.5% in Group 2, with a significant statistical difference (p=0.041). The mean expulsion time was 76.3 +/- 60 hours and 141 +/- 64 hours in Groups 1 and 2, (p=0.001). Extra analgesic ( @entity6882 ) requirement averaged 34.4 +/- 12.7 mg and 62.1 +/- 10.5 mg in Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.036). Seven @entity1 in Group 1 and 15 @entity1 in Group 2 required ureteroscopy after 4 weeks due to lack of the stone passage. CONCLUSION: @entity7477 is a safe and effective treatment for lower ureteral stones. By using this medication, stone passage rate increases and the time of stone passage and the need for intervention decreases.

title: Efficacy of XXXX as a facilitator agent for expulsion of the lower ureteral stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin', 'Terazosin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity7477 :: (MESH:C041226,Chemical) :: ['terazosin']


abstract: The most common @entity5 of the mesenchyme are the @entity362 . Benign @entity362 can arise in any location in which fat is present. Fibrolipomas are characterised by fat modules. Most @entity1 affected by such @entity5 are in the fifth or sixth decade of life. When very close to vital structures such as joints, they may cause functional limitations as well as @entity158 . Osseous and chondroid metaplasia can infrequently manifest after chronic persistence. Given the rarity of this condition, a case of a big @entity1386 with @entity4648 is reported. A 44-year-old @entity1 presented with an enlarging soft mass on the right knee in the infrapatellar fat pad. After a thorough preoperative clinical and imaging examination, the mass was removed and sent to laboratory where the diagnosis was put. One year after surgery, both local and general condition of the @entity1 were good and no signs of recurrence were found.

title: Fibrolipoma with Osseous and XXXX of Hoffa's Fat Pad: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['fatty tumors', 'lipomas']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['osseous and cartilaginous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ["fibrolipoma of Hoffa's fat pad"]

answer: @entity4648 :: (MESH:D008679,Disease) :: ['Cartilaginous Metaplasia']


abstract: Histological sections of pancreas and liver from 65 cases of @entity1 dying from childhood @entity3147 were reviewed. The extent of @entity788 and @entity82 was compared with @entity1560 . @entity788 was common, and often associated with severe @entity1560 , but also occurred in marasmic @entity1 with scanty liver fat. @entity1577 , when present, was only of mild degree. Among 16 @entity1 with @entity7493 , @entity82 was only seen in one pancreas. @entity82 was recorded in 8/25 cases of @entity16995 , and in 7/24 cases diagnosed as @entity16995 . Electron microscopy of the pancreas was performed in seven cases, using tissue collected at immediate autopsy. @entity194 and variable amounts of degranulation of acinar cells were seen. There was often disorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum with intracisternal sequestration. Mitochondrial swelling was consistent with terminal @entity519 . Centro-acinar cells were prominent. Some acini were dilated and contained fibrillar material. These findings support the pioneer paper by Blackburn and Vinijchaikul (1969) and underline the importance of @entity788 in the pathology of @entity7493 .

title: The exocrine pancreas in @entity16995 and XXXX . Light and electron microscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-energy malnutrition', 'marasmus']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic atrophy', 'pancreatic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16995 :: ('MESH:D007732', 'Disease') :: ['kwashiorkor', 'marasmic-kwashiorkor']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty change in the liver']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity7493 :: (MESH:D011502,Disease) :: ['marasmus']


abstract: Sickle cell (HbSS) disease is associated with rheological and inflammatory stresses within the microcirculation. In order to determine the role of @entity4443 in the inflammatory processes in HbSS @entity1 , we analysed plasma and urine levels of @entity4443 (LT); LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 as indicators of their in vivo metabolism. Plasma and urine level samples of 15 HbSS @entity1 in steady-state and age-matched healthy, homozygous (HbAA) controls were extracted for @entity4443 and quantitated by HPLC. Control plasma level of @entity4443 (mean +/- SEM, ng ml-1) were: LTB4, 8.95 +/- 0.26; LTC4, 7.24 +/- 0.21; LTD4, 11.42 +/- 0.40; and LTE4, 14.51 +/- 0.50. Corresponding values for HbSS @entity1 were: LTB4, 6.15 +/- 0.42; LTC4, 13.61 +/- 1.45; LTD4, 6.44 +/- 0.51 and LTE4, 4.97 +/- 0.37. The differences were significant at P < 0.05. Urine levels (mean +/- SEM, ng mmol-1 @entity1011 ), for controls were: LTB4, 10.60 +/- 0.35; LTC4, 360.0 +/- 9.82. Values for HbSS urine were: LTB4, 27.50 +/- 3.33; LTC4, 356.0 +/- 17.87; LTD4, 69.90 +/- 14.51. LTD4 was not detected in control urine. These results suggest that sickle cell @entity1 may exhibit impaired ability to catabolize LTC4 in plasma during steady state conditions. This altered metabolism may contribute to the persistent stress of the microcirculation, and is probably related to the abnormal microvascular rheology of sickle blood cells.

title: Plasma and urinary XXXX in sickle cell disease: possible role in the inflammatory process.

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4443 :: (MESH:D015289,Chemical) :: ['leukotrienes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The invasion associated marker (iam) has been detected in the majority of invasive @entity5363 retrieved from @entity1 . Furthermore, the detection of iam in @entity5363 isolated from two important hosts, @entity1 and @entity1573 , suggested a role for this marker in @entity5363 's colonization of multiple hosts. However, no data exist regarding the occurrence of this marker in @entity5363 isolated from non-poultry food-animals such as @entity291 , an increasingly important source for @entity1 @entity281 . Since little is known about the genetics associated with @entity5363 's capability for colonizing physiologically disparate hosts, we investigated the occurrence of the iam in @entity5363 isolated from @entity291 and assessed the potential of iam-containing @entity291 and @entity1 isolates for @entity1573 colonization and @entity1 cell invasion. RESULTS: Simultaneous RAPD typing and iam-specific PCR analysis of 129 @entity5363 isolated from 1171 @entity291 fecal samples showed that 8 (6.2%) of the isolates were iam-positive, while 7 (54%) of @entity1 -associated isolates were iam-positive. The iam sequences were mostly heterogeneous and occurred in diverse genetic backgrounds. All iam-positive isolates were motile and possessed important genes (cadF, ciaB, cdtB) associated with adhesion and virulence. Although certain iam-containing isolates invaded and survived in INT-407 cells in high numbers and successfully colonized live @entity1573 , there was no clear association between the occurrence, allelic sequence, and expression levels of the iam and the aforementioned phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: We show that the prevalence of iam in @entity291 @entity5363 is relatively lower as compared to isolates occurring in @entity1 and @entity1573 . In addition, iam was polymorphic and certain alleles occur in @entity291 isolates that were capable of colonizing and invading @entity1573 and @entity1 intestinal cells, respectively. However, the iam did not appear to contribute to the @entity291 -associated @entity5363 's potential for invasion and intracellular survival in @entity1 intestinal cells as well as @entity1573 colonization.

title: Occurrence of the invasion associated marker (iam) in XXXX isolated from @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: a) Characterize how ventilator and @entity1 variables affect tidal volume during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; and b) measure tidal volumes in adults with acute @entity649 during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Research laboratory and medical intensive care unit. @entity1 : Test lung and @entity1 with acute @entity649 . INTERVENTIONS: Using a previously validated hot wire anemometer placed in series with a Sensormedics 3100B high-frequency ventilator, an endotracheal tube, and a test lung, tidal volume was measured at different combinations of frequency (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 Hz), pressure amplitude (50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 cm @entity2507 ), mean airway pressure (20, 30, and 40 cm @entity2507 ), test lung compliance (10, 30, and 50 mL/cm @entity2507 ), endotracheal tube internal diameter (6, 7, and 8 mm), bias flow (20, 30, and 40 L/min), and inspiratory/expiratory ratio (1:2 and 1:1). In @entity1 , tidal volume was measured at baseline ventilator settings and at baseline frequency +/-2 Hz and baseline pressure amplitude +/-10 cm @entity2507 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measured tidal volumes were 23-225 mL during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation of the test lung. A 2-Hz increase in frequency and a 10-cm @entity2507 increase in pressure amplitude caused a 21.3% +/- 4.1% decrease and 21.4% +/- 3.4% increase in tidal volume, respectively. Decreasing endotracheal tube internal diameter from 8 mm to 7 mm and from 7 mm to 6 mm caused a 15.3% +/- 1.7% and 18.9% +/- 2.1% reduction in tidal volume, respectively. Increasing bias flow from 20 L/min to 30 L/min increased tidal volume by 11.2% +/- 3.9%. Further increases in bias flow, changes in compliance, and changes in mean airway pressure had little effect. Tidal volumes measured in acute @entity649 @entity1 were 44-210 mL. A 2-Hz increase in frequency was associated with a 23.1% +/- 6.3% decrease in tidal volume. In contrast to the test lung data, a 10-cm @entity2507 increase in pressure amplitude resulted in only a 5.6% +/- 4.5% increase in tidal volume. CONCLUSIONS: Tidal volumes are not uniformly small during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The primary determinant of tidal volume in adults with acute @entity649 during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with the Sensormedics 3100B is frequency. Test lung findings suggest that endotracheal tube internal diameter is also an important determinant of tidal volume.

title: Tidal volume delivery during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in adults with acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical and histological features, response to corticosteroid therapy and long-term outcome of @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) with features of @entity775 ( @entity775 ). METHODS: Among 280 @entity2835 @entity1 under @entity10055 administration, we identified 28 @entity1 with @entity775 features fulfilling the following criteria: sustained high levels of serum aminotransferases and high immunoglobulin G levels with positivity for antinuclear antibodies or anti-smooth muscle antibodies ( @entity1970 ) and/or histological features of moderate to severe interface @entity99 or moderate to @entity99 . We analyzed @entity2835 @entity1 with @entity775 features, focusing mainly on therapeutic responses to @entity288 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2835 with @entity775 features included 26 @entity1 (93%). Their median age was 55 years, and the median follow-up period was 7.5 years. Eight of these 28 @entity1 were not actually treated with @entity288 due to medical conditions. Among the 20 @entity1 receiving corticosteroid therapy, 15 were responders and five were non-responders. A high @entity623 ( @entity623 ) level, negativity for @entity1970 and positivity for @entity12439 were identified as risk factors for lack of a response to corticosteroid therapy. Among 28 @entity2835 @entity1 with @entity775 features, the responders to @entity288 had an excellent prognosis, while those who could not be treated with @entity288 and non-responders to @entity288 had a poor outcome. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2835 with @entity775 features benefit from corticosteroid therapy. Features of @entity2835 such as high @entity623 level, negativity for @entity1970 and positivity for @entity12439 appear to predict a poor response to @entity288 .

title: Clinical profile of XXXX with features of @entity775 : Importance of corticosteroid therapy.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis', 'severe lobular hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: To determine the influence of baseline paCO2 on the results of @entity386 testing in the diagnosis of @entity1620 , we performed an open prospective study on 36 @entity1 fulfilling all other criteria for the diagnosis of @entity1620 according to the criteria proposed by the Advisory Board of the German Federal Chamber of Physicians. For testing of @entity386 , @entity1 underwent @entity3316 with 100% @entity26 supply until a baseline paCO2 of 40 torr (5.3 kPa, n = 24, group 1) or 60 torr (8.0 kPa, n = 12, group 2) was reached. Then, @entity1 were disconnected from the ventilator and apneic oxygenation with insufflation of 61 O2/min into the tracheal cannula was performed for five minutes. Arterial blood gas samples were obtained every minute during the testing period. In parallel, @entity1 were observed for signs of spontaneous @entity1353 . All @entity1 remained apneic during the five minute test period. No relevant @entity519 (paO2 < 80 torr [10.6 kPa]) was observed in either group. In group 1, a mean baseline paCO2 of 45 torr (6.0 kPa) was registered, mean end-paCO2 was 75 torr (10.0 kPa). In group 2, paCO2 values were 66 torr (8.8 kPa) and 90 torr (12 kPa), respectively. Baseline pH in group 1 (7.32) decreased to 7.18 at the end of testing and from 7.23 to 7.13 in group 2. @entity1 in group 2 were in possible danger of developing a @entity515 -induced @entity7908 mimicking @entity386 . Secondary organ damage due to severe @entity12906 could not be excluded in the @entity1 of group 2. As no complications were observed in group 1 and @entity386 was evident in all these @entity1 , we consider a baseline paCO2 of 40 torr (5.3 kPa) sufficient to establish @entity386 after five minutes of apneic oxygenation if an increase of baseline paCO2 of at least 20 mmHg is documented by arterial blood gas sampling. A higher baseline paCO2 may endanger @entity1 without yielding more specific testing results.

title: Potential pitfalls in XXXX testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of hormonal treatment (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists and/or antiandrogens) as an early or as a deferred intervention for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 (LAPC), as radiotherapy is currently the standard treatment for LAPC, with hormonal treatment considered a reserve option. METHODS: We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in @entity1 with LAPC treated with standard care (radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and/or watchful waiting) or standard care plus hormonal treatment. Outcomes assessed were mortality and objective disease progression. The meta-analysis used a fixed-effects model. RESULTS: Of the 108 trials identified, seven met the inclusion criteria and were of sufficient quality to be included in the analysis. Early intervention with hormonal treatment significantly reduced all-cause mortality compared with deferred treatment (relative risk, RR, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.82-0.91; P < 0.001). Similarly, early vs deferred use of hormonal treatment significantly reduced: @entity263 - specific mortality (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.65-0.79); overall progression (RR 0.74; 0.69-0.78); local progression (RR 0.65; 0.57-0.73); and distant progression (RR 0.67; 0.61-0.74; all P < 0.001). Results were robust to changes in inclusion/exclusion criteria and use of a random-effects model for the meta-analyses. Heterogeneity and publication bias had no significant effect on the analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Early intervention with hormonal treatment for @entity1 with LAPC provides significantly lower mortality and objective disease progression than deferring their use until standard care has failed.

title: Systematic review of early vs deferred hormonal treatment of locally advanced XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To introduce a new approach for short-term external scleral buckling with pneumatic retinopexy for the management of @entity1713 with @entity989 . DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. METHODS: A review of 33 consecutive eyes of 31 @entity1 who underwent external buckling with pneumatic retinopexy for uncomplicated @entity1713 with @entity989 from December 2006 through December 2010. An external buckle was made of a 505 sponge sutured along the blunt side of a 279 tyre (MIRA Inc). The buckle was inserted deeply into the inferior fornix without suture after pneumatic retinopexy and was kept in place for 3  days. Primary and final anatomic outcomes, visual acuity, and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: All @entity1 tolerated the procedure. The mean follow-up period was 24.0  months (range, 9 to 61  months). Primary success, defined as successful retinal reattachment within 6  months without further treatment, was achieved in 29 (87.9%) eyes. All @entity1 attained final retinal reattachment (100%). Overall, the mean best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly at the end of follow-up (0.30 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution units; Snellen equivalent, 6/12), compared with the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (0.82 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution units; Snellen equivalent, 6/38; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term external buckling with pneumatic retinopexy is a novel and effective treatment for @entity1713 with @entity989 , with a comparable success rate with other treatment methods. This approach also can avoid complications of long-term buckle implantation. Further comparative cohort studies may be necessary to compare  the clinical efficacy with other conventional operations.

title: Short-term external buckling with pneumatic retinopexy for XXXX with @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['inferior retinal breaks']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachment']


abstract: Involvement of the skeletal system is a common complication of @entity3377 . However, @entity121 or paraspinal @entity733 formation are rare complications. @entity733 usually develops secondary to @entity1511 . A case is reported here of a 33-year-old @entity1 with symptoms of night sweats, @entity221 and @entity1643 . Rose-Bengal test for @entity3377 was positive and Brucella standard tube agglutination test was positive at a titre of 1/160. The diagnosis was made on MRI. The @entity1 was treated with @entity3403 and @entity1215 daily for 16 weeks. On day 14 of treatment, decline was observed in the @entity1 's symptoms. In the presence of inflammatory lower back @entity158 and @entity221 , @entity3377 should be considered particularly in the endemic areas. Furthermore, @entity378 should be remembered in the differential diagnosis when a @entity7181 is determined.

title: XXXX in @entity3377 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess', 'Paraspinal abscess']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['spinal epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle involvement']

answer: @entity7181 :: (MESH:D020802,Disease) :: ['Spinal epidural abscess']


abstract: HISTORY: A 50-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of marked dyspnoea at rest and signs of @entity712 with @entity4 . 9 years ago, the diagnostic constellation of @entity565 , @entity305 , @entity2294 and @entity1712 had indicated @entity12534 . Since then she had remained symptom-free under maintenance doses of @entity500 (for 2 years) and gradually reduced doses of @entity230 . INVESTIGATIONS: Chest X-ray showed signs of @entity891 and @entity1283 , echocardiography demonstrating enlargement of the left heart with marked @entity67 , and both revealed @entity2294 . The electrocardiogram showed complete absence of R waves and ST elevation in leads V1-V5. Coronary angiography excluded @entity453 . Myocardial biopsy contained signs of active but no longer acute @entity2401 with @entity3145 and microgranulomas. White blood cell count was normal, but there was marked @entity1712 (39%). IgE was elevated (601 kIU/l). DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: In view of the good therapeutic effects 9 years ago, this relapse of @entity12534 with @entity2401 was again treated with @entity500 and @entity230 . In addition, diuretics, digitalis and ACE-inhibitors successfully treated the @entity712 . In the course of treatment the signs of @entity32 , including the @entity1712 , regressed or became normal. CONCLUSION: After a 10-year remission without complication of a @entity12534 the onset of cardiac signs is the decisive long-term prognostic factor.

title: [ @entity2401 in XXXX . A rare cause of left @entity712 with @entity4 ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic tissue infiltration']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of ventricular function']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic myocarditis', 'myocarditis']

answer: @entity12534 :: (MESH:D015267,Disease) :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']


abstract: Genital tract morphology in 14-month old female @entity35 exposed prenatally to @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) was analyzed as part of an examination of the effects of transplacental exposure to @entity4743 on @entity172 sensitive tissues. Pregnant @entity35 were injected with @entity5420 oil alone or with @entity4743 in @entity5420 oil on days 10 and 13 of gestation (total dose 1.2 micrograms @entity4743 ) or on days 15 and 18 (total dose 1.2 micrograms or 120 micrograms @entity4743 ). Female offspring (9-15 per group) were sacrificed at 14 months of age. Effects of @entity4743 exposure varied with the dose given and with the stage of differentiation of the fetal tissues. In the ovaries of @entity35 exposed to 120 micrograms of @entity4743 on days 15 and 18 of gestation, follicular elements were reduced and replaced by dense sheets of stromal cells; @entity12944 was noted in five of nine @entity35 . @entity49431 was another common feature, as was @entity9414 . Ovaries of @entity35 exposed to 1.2 micrograms @entity4743 on days 10 and 13 of gestation were more likely to contain numerous corpora lutea than the other @entity4743 -exposed groups of controls. An increased incidence of @entity1478 was observed in @entity4743 -exposed offspring, including squamous @entity4648 and suppurative @entity7288 . In the cervices of all nine @entity35 exposed to 120 micrograms @entity4743 on days 15 and 18 of gestation, the epithelial surface showed a convoluted pattern, lined by stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal cells. Thus, prenatal exposure to @entity4743 , especially at the higher dose used, has long-term consequences on reproductive tract morphology in @entity35 .

title: Genital tract abnormalities in female XXXX exposed to @entity4742 in utero.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity12944 :: ('MESH:D009869', 'Disease') :: ['oophoritis']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['benign uterine abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9414 :: ('MESH:D012488', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative salpingitis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity49431 :: ('MESH:C538511', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercellularity of oviductal stroma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: As the world faces an @entity28 " @entity3082 ," the mechanisms by which overweight is translated into insulin resistance, @entity101 , and @entity6 need to be better understood. Although the processes of transition remain uncertain, overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system appears pivotal. In @entity28 , there is stimulation of sympathetic outflow to the kidneys, evident in increased rates of spillover of @entity1063 into the renal veins, and to skeletal muscle vasculature, demonstrated with microneurography. The cause is unclear, but possibly involves the stimulatory action of leptin released from adipose tissue, or from within the brain, for which there is recent evidence in @entity1 @entity28 . The high renal sympathetic tone contributes to @entity101 development by stimulating @entity916 secretion and through promoting renal tubular reabsorption of @entity1372 . Neurally mediated skeletal muscle vasoconstriction reduces @entity413 delivery and uptake in muscle. Impairment of @entity413 uptake by skeletal muscle is a @entity1720 . Pharmacologic sympathetic nervous suppression within the central nervous system with @entity947 receptor-binding agents such as @entity23189 is a logical therapeutic approach for lowering blood pressure (BP) in @entity1 with essential @entity101 , in whom sympathetic activity is often increased. In addition, drugs of this class appear to have the capacity to favorably modify insulin sensitivity, which has particular relevance in the treatment of hypertensive @entity6 @entity1 . In the @entity101 accompanying @entity2175 onset @entity28 , with recent recommendations from advisory bodies setting lower goal BP, and with these lower targets often being reached only with combinations of antihypertensive agents, it is advisable that all drugs used in combination therapy have a favorable or at least a neutral effect on insulin resistance.

title: Sympathetic nervous system and insulin resistance: from @entity28 to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity23189 :: ('MESH:C032302', 'Chemical') :: ['rilmenidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity947 :: ('CHEBI:53094', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoline']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['hallmark of insulin resistance syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The Florence-AngioJet randomized trial was the first study that assessed the efficacy of Rheolytic thrombectomy before direct @entity1188 artery stent implantation in @entity1 who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ). This study was based on a sample of 100 @entity1 with a first @entity583 and the endpoints of the study were early ST-segment resolution, corrected thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) frame count, and @entity1188 size as assessed by @entity1136 sestamibi scintigraphy at 1 month. @entity5953 endpoints were reached. @entity1 randomized to thrombectomy before direct stenting had a higher incidence of early ST-segment elevation resolution (90% vs. 72%, p = 0.022), lower corrected TIMI frame counts (18.2 +/- 7.7 vs. 22.5 +/- 11.0, p = 0.032), and smaller @entity1188 (13.0 +/- 11.6% vs. 21.2 +/- 18.0%, p = 0.010) as compared to @entity1 randomized to direct stenting alone. The AngioJET Thrombectomy and STENTing for Treatment of Acute @entity583 (JETSTENT) trial is a multi-center international randomized trial based on a sample of 500 @entity1 with @entity583 , the aim of which is the confirmation of the results of the Florence trial. @entity1 with a history of @entity583 will be enrolled. No restriction based on clinical status on presentation or high-risk coronary anatomy will be used. Thus, @entity1 with @entity1455 will be included. To be eligible, @entity1 must have visible @entity715 or a persisting @entity432 , and all use of AngioJet must follow the specific technique used in the Florence experience. The primary hypothesis of the study is that rheolytic thrombectomy before @entity1188 artery stenting provides a better reperfusion as revealed by electrocardiogram and scintigraphy. The subsequent increase in myocardial salvage could result in a decreased incidence of @entity204 and @entity712 due to left ventricle remodeling at a mid-term follow up.

title: Rheolytic thrombectomy in acute XXXX : the Florence experience and objectives of the multicenter randomized JETSTENT trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart congestive failure']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'previous MI']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity358 ( @entity358 ) has important prognostic implications in the assessment of @entity1 with @entity120 . Using echocardiography to measure @entity358 would have the advantage of being able to follow @entity1 serially and to assess their response to treatment noninvasively. The authors sought to assess whether right ventricular strain rate imaging (SRI) can predict @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity120 . The study population consisted of 46 @entity1 referred for right heart catheterization. The inclusion criteria was mean pulmonary artery pressure >= 25 mm Hg in right heart catheterization in @entity1 with @entity120 including chronic @entity712 . Echocardiography was performed to obtain SRI just before right heart catheterization. Mean values of peak systolic longitudinal strain and strain rate obtained from basal and mid-right ventricular free wall were calculated. The control group consisted of 35 healthy adults matched for age and sex. The most significant correlations were between basal right ventricular strain and strain rate (SR) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (r=0.63, P=.000), transpulmonary gradient (r=0.6, P=.001), and @entity358 (r=0.5, P=.003). SR was independently correlated with @entity358 ( @entity21962 ; r=0.53, P=.003). The present study shows that basal right ventricular free wall strain and SR could be independently correlated with @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity120 .

title: Utility of right ventricular strain imaging in predicting pulmonary vascular resistance in XXXX with @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['systolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity21962 :: ('MESH:D020144', 'Disease') :: ['PVR=26.9-16.9 basal right ventricular SR']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PVR', 'Pulmonary vascular resistance']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Our objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and @entity137 of i.v. edatrexate with p.o. leucovorin. Thirty-one adults with advanced solid @entity5 received edatrexate as a 2-h infusion, once a week for 3 weeks, recycled every 28 days. p.o. @entity4181 (10 mg/m2, every 6 h for 10 doses) began 24 h later. All had urinary alkalinization and p.o. hydration. Nine dosage levels ranging from 120 to 3750 mg/m2 were explored. Fatigue, @entity1415 , @entity390 /emesis, @entity33 , @entity1910 , @entity925 , @entity1431 , @entity882 , and transient elevations of serum @entity492 transferase were observed. @entity62 with clinical manifestations occurred in two @entity1 (one had prior cranial irradiation). Pharmacokinetic studies carried out at the 120- and 1080-mg/m2 dose levels revealed no significant difference in the elimination half-life at the two dose levels studied and no significant intrapatient variability between day 1 and day 8 @entity18872 administration. Serum edatrexate levels measured using a @entity9796 reductase inhibition assay correlated with those by high-performance liquid chromatography. Three major and two minor antitumor responses occurred. The maximum tolerated dose was 3750 mg/m2, with grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 (one @entity1 ), @entity3136 (one @entity1 ), and @entity62 (one @entity1 ). Because of the occurrence of @entity62 , further study of high-dose edatrexate with leucovorin rescue is not recommended.

title: High-dose edatrexate with oral leucovorin rescue: a phase I and clinical pharmacological study in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['Leukoencephalopathy', 'leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity18872 :: ('MESH:C040210', 'Chemical') :: ['edatrexate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: Brain control of arterial blood pressure in @entity1 and in animals has been studied increasingly over the last few decades. Despite our knowledge about short term regulation (chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes) there is much more uncertainty about the degree of involvement of brain mechanisms in long term control of blood pressure, and in @entity101 . The last decade, a role of brain mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) has been outlined in animal experiments. Stimulation of brain MR by @entity1369 or related mineralocorticoids induces an increase in blood pressure and @entity101 under chronic conditions. These effects of mineralocorticoid excess can be blocked by specific MR antagonists administered centrally. Stimulation of brain glucocorticoid receptors, as compared to stimulation of brain MR, has an opposite effect, i.e. decreases blood pressure. As in the typical peripheral target organs of @entity1369 , in the brain, enzymatic protection of MR against glucocorticoids appears to play an important role. We showed that in conscious normotensive @entity35 intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of a specific MR antagonist ( @entity19835 ) in a low dose (10 ng) decreases blood pressure by about 20% without affecting heart rate. A similar but smaller effect (not statistically significant) was observed in conscious female @entity35 . Only in the male @entity35 an increased diuresis occurred and this may have contributed to the observed @entity551 . We conclude that @entity101 caused by mineralocorticoid excess may depend on a concerted action of the @entity134 on the kidney and on the brain. The mechanism by which brain MR increases blood pressure is unknown. It is possible that increased sympathetic outflow and renal mechanisms are involved. Interference with brain MR not only affects blood pressure but it also has effect on renal function.

title: [Brain mineralocorticoid receptor and blood pressure control in the conscious normotensive XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prescription practices and response to infliximab treatment for @entity30 ( @entity30 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The files of @entity30 @entity1 treated with at least one infusion of infliximab treated in gastroenterology units belonging to university teaching hospitals of the Parisian hospitals group (Assistance Publique-H  pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) during the year 2000 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-seven @entity1 (36.0 +/- 12.7 years, 92 females) from 12 centers were studied. Indication for treatment was fistulae or perianal disease in 39% of @entity1 , active @entity30 in 45% and mixed conditions in 16%. Mean follow-up was 15.2 +/- 7.2 months. The overall response rate was 85%. No predictive factor of sustained remission could be identified. The mean time to relapse was to 3.9 +/- 3.1 months. Thirty-eight @entity1 were on maintenance therapy at the end of the follow up; 37% exhibiting progressive lost of response to treatment. Immunosuppressive therapy was added to infliximab in 78% of cases but response to infliximab was not modified by addition of immunosuppressive drugs. Adverse events, most frequently minor, were noted in 23% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This retrospective study confirms the efficacy and safety of infliximab in @entity30 .

title: Efficacy of infliximab in XXXX . Results of a retrospective multicenter study with a 15-month follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']