abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6125 Background: Myelosuppression represents the major dose-limiting @entity137 of @entity5 chemotherapy. A prospective, nationwide study was undertaken to define risk factors for @entity1398 complications (NC) and to develop risk models for selecting @entity1 for hematopoietic support. METHODS: More than 2,500 @entity1 have been prospectively registered at 137 randomly selected practice sites. Primary outcomes included documented severe @entity1398 (SN) (ANC<500), NC ( fever/ @entity281 /other) and @entity9957 ( @entity9957 ) (SN or NC). RESULTS: This preliminary analysis is based on the first 2,222 @entity1 treated to date including 886 (40%) age >=  65. One-third did not receive at least four cycles of chemotherapy due to disease progression (55%), refusal (11%), @entity204 (11%) and unknown (23%). @entity1398 (ANC <1000) was documented in 40% including SN in 26%. More than one-half of all initial events occurred during cycle 1. [Figure: see text] In addition to @entity5 and regimen type, significant predictors of SN included gender (.001), baseline neutrophils (.01), @entity6 (.037) and @entity1030 (.001). Significant predictors of NC included gender (.004) and stage (.04). In addition to @entity5 and regimen type, significant predictors of @entity9957 included gender (.006), stage (.007) and @entity1030 (.029). The risk of @entity9957 in all cycles (1(st) cycle) includes: breast: 49(36); lung 31(20); @entity706 42(33); ovary 37(17); colon 18(8). CONCLUSIONS: NC and @entity9957 occur early in the course of therapy potentially compromising chemotherapy dose intensity and clinical outcomes. Significant independent risk factors include @entity5 type, regimen, dose intensity, gender, stage and several comorbidities. [Table: see text].

title: Risk of @entity1398 complications based on a prospective nationwide registry of @entity5 XXXX initiating systematic chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity9957 :: ('MESH:C537592', 'Disease') :: ['SNE', 'severe neutropenic events']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. @entity1 with complications when compared with those not developing a complication: a. Were older, 44.4 vs. 34.5 years; b. Were monitored longer, 14.0 vs. 6.5 days; c. Were treated with @entity230 longer, 18.3 vs. 10.3 days; d. Were hospitalized longer, 35.7 vs. 27.7 days; e. Are twice as likely to die; f. Average age of those dying is older, 46 vs. 30 years; g. Have no clear relationship to antibiotics; h. Do not have a preponderance of single diagnostic category to account for these differences; i. Complications were always controlled with standard therapy; j. An @entity428 complication was almost never responsible, per se, for @entity204 . 2. Over all complication rate was 18%; due to monitoring was 4.5 to 11.5%. 3. Monitoring was responsible for, or contributed to, 25 to 60% of the complications. 4. No complications occurred when monitoring was discontinued within 3 days. 5. Long periods of treatment with @entity230 increased the risk of a complication developing. 6. Long periods of monitoring were associated with an increased risk of complication. 7. "Individual" factors are partly responsible for the development of a complication, and @entity204 . 8. There are two groups of complications: "early" and "late." A. Those most likely to be monitor related occur "late" and account for 35% of the complications. B. Those developing "early" @entity281 account for 65% of the complications and are most likely caused by factors other than monitoring. While there are complications directly attributable to monitoring, the rate is low and they are readily controlled by standard neurosurgical management. While monitoring may increase the morbidity, it does not increase the mortality. We feel that the over-all risk is small and that the returns are great--both in terms of knowledge and @entity1 benefit.

title: XXXX monitoring: complications and associated factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['ICP']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity980 may present with a variety of ophthalmic symptoms. Direct extension of the @entity5 into the orbital apex can lead to @entity4610 and @entity1018 . The prognosis for recovery of vision and ocular motility in @entity1 with an @entity2694 due to @entity980 is examined. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Six eyes from four @entity1 with @entity980 who presented to the @entity1 ';s Hospital of Philadelphia with a clinical @entity2694 were identified. Complete ophthalmic examination, including visual acuity and extraocular motility at the time of presentation, was reviewed. @entity5 extension into the orbital apex was confirmed radiographically. Follow-up ophthalmic evaluations were reviewed for all @entity1 with an average follow-up of 5.5 +/- 3.1 years (range 1 to 8 years). RESULTS: Six eyes of four @entity1 had limited ocular ductions along with marked @entity1018 at presentation. All @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy and radiation, with @entity5 mass. @entity1319 recovered in all @entity1 , occurring by an average of 2.2 +/- 1.8 months after initiation of therapy. Four of six eyes had little or no recovery of visual acuity detected at long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with ocular motor @entity2694 caused by extension of @entity980 have an excellent prognosis for recovery after treatment of the @entity5 . The long-term prognosis for visual recovery, however, is poor.

title: Long-term follow-up and prognosis of @entity2694 resulting from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'reduction of tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital apex syndrome', 'deficits in orbital apex syndromes']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma', 'nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular motility']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: Freund's adjuvant induced @entity625 in @entity35 has been used extensively to study @entity158 processes of long duration. There are limitations of this model for chronic studies of @entity158 / @entity625 since the severe systemic changes provoke ethical concerns and also affect behaviour, physiology and biochemistry. Attempts to limit adjuvant-induced @entity625 by plantar injection of the inoculum have been made. In this model, however, the process evolved to produce widespread @entity625 if followed for the 6-plus-weeks necessary for chronic studies. Therefore, although it offers the researcher a reliable limited model of @entity32 and nociception at the outset, for longer studies it may have all the disadvantages of the polyarthritic @entity35 . The purpose of the present study was to produce a limited arthritic process in @entity35 , stable over 6 weeks and suitable for behavioural and neurochemical studies of various @entity1118 treatment methods. Injection (0.05 ml) of complete adjuvant containing 300 micrograms Mycobacterium butyricum in the tibio-tarsal joint produces a predictable monoarthritis, stable clinically and behaviourly from weeks 2 through 6 post injection. As revealed by clinical observations and X-ray examinations, the @entity625 produced was limited anatomically, pronounced, prolonged and stable. A marked increase in sensitivity to paw pressure was seen in the affected limb. Animals gained weight and remained active, indicating little systemic disturbance as opposed to polyarthritic @entity35 . We propose this limited model of @entity625 as a suitable alternative to the polyarthritic @entity35 for prolonged studies.

title: A limited arthritic model for XXXX studies in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: There is an independent progressive epidemiologic relation between glycemia and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events; however, whether lowering @entity413 levels with currently available therapies can reduce @entity65 events remains unknown. The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in @entity6 (ACCORD) trial is designed to answer this question in high-risk @entity1 with @entity6 . In ACCORD, 10,251 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and other @entity65 risk factors or @entity65 were randomly allocated to intensive glycemic control, targeting a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level <6%, or standard glycemic control, targeting an @entity4051 c level of 7.0%-7.9%. All @entity1 are provided with @entity6 education, @entity413 -monitoring equipment, and antidiabetic medications. All @entity1 in the intensive glycemic control group are started on > or = 2 classes of agents. Doses are intensified or a new medication class is added every month if HbA1c levels are > or = 6% or if >50% of premeal or postmeal capillary @entity413 readings are >5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) or >7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL), respectively. All drug combinations are permitted, and drugs are reduced only because of side effects or contraindications. Annual training, menus of approaches for intensification, regular electronic messaging, audits of achieved glycemia, and central feedback to sites support glycemic intensification strategies in intensive @entity1 . In @entity1 in the standard glycemic control group, therapy is intensified whenever @entity4051 c is > or = 8%, and antihyperglycemic drugs that promote @entity4053 (ie, insulin or insulin secretagogues) are reduced if @entity4051 c persistently decreases to <7% in the setting of @entity4053 . ACCORD addresses the hypothesis that @entity146 @entity413 lowering prevents @entity65 events in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . It is focused on the levels of glycemia achieved using a variety of strategies, not on the specific therapies used. It will also provide information on how to safely approach near-normal levels of @entity413 control in clinical practice and evidence to support future clinical guidelines for @entity6 management in older adults.

title: Glycemia treatment strategies in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in XXXX (ACCORD) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: 1. Treatment of male @entity35 with the small @entity10519 , @entity7935 , @entity8336 , @entity18008 , @entity58467 , @entity39181 , and @entity9836 increased several P450-dependent activities, with @entity18008 , @entity39181 , and @entity58467 producing the greatest response. @entity7294 treatment differentially affected @entity8336 metabolism, producing a response dependent on the metabolite monitored. In untreated @entity35 , @entity7471 was the major hydroxylation product of @entity8336 metabolism, comprising > 99% of the total metabolites formed. @entity7294 treatment increased the overall rate of @entity8336 metabolism by dramatically increasing the amount of aromatic hydroxylation. @entity18008 , @entity58467 and @entity39181 were the most effective inducers of aromatic hydroxylation of @entity8336 . In contrast, production of the major @entity8336 metabolite @entity7471 was increased only after treatment with @entity39181 . 2. P450 2B1/2B2 levels were induced by each of the @entity9436 examined, with the magnitude of induction increasing with increasing @entity7294 size. P450 1A1 was also induced after @entity7294 exposure; however, the degree of induction was smaller than that observed for P450 2B1/2B2. P450 2C11 levels were suppressed after treatment with @entity7935 , @entity18008 and @entity58467 . 3. Taken together these results display two induction patterns. The first generally corresponds to changes in the P450 2B subfamily, where activities (e.g. the aromatic hydroxylations of @entity8336 ) were most effectively induced by @entity18008 , @entity58467 and @entity39181 . In the second, induction was observed only after @entity39181 treatment, a pattern that was found when the metabolism of the substrate was catalysed by both the P450 2B subfamily and P450 2C11. @entity9436 that both induced P450 2B1/2B2 and suppressed P450 2C11 (such as @entity18008 and @entity58467 ) showed little change in activities catalysed by both isozymes (e.g. aliphatic hydroxylation of @entity8336 , and @entity9308 hydroxylation); however, @entity39181 treatment led to elevated P450 2B1/2B2 levels without significantly suppressing P450 2C11. @entity39181 produced significant increases in activities efficiently catalysed by both isozymes. Therefore, the unique induction pattern observed after @entity39181 treatment can be accounted for by induction of P450 2B1/2B2 without concomitant suppression of P450 2C11.

title: Relationship between XXXX structure and induction of P450: effects on protein levels and enzyme activities.

entities_list: @entity39181 :: ('MESH:C031285', 'Chemical') :: ['m-Xylene', 'm-xylene']

entities_list: @entity7471 :: ('MESH:D019905', 'Chemical') :: ['benzyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity10519 :: ('MESH:D006841', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity58467 :: ('MESH:C024268', 'Chemical') :: ['n-propylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrocarbon', 'hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrocarbons', 'hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity18008 :: ('MESH:C004912', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethylbenzene', 'ethylbenzene']

answer: @entity7294 :: (CHEBI:24632,Chemical) :: ['hydrocarbon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increasing evidence supports that acupuncture intervention is an effective approach for intraoperative and @entity282 . Neuron-microglia crosstalk, mediated by the purinergic P2X7 receptor (R)/ @entity17103 / @entity17581 cascade in the spinal cord dorsal horn, plays a pivotal role in @entity158 processing. However, its involvement in the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) remains unclear. In this study, a @entity35 neck-incision @entity158 model was established by making a longitudinal incision along the midline of the neck and subsequent repeated mechanical stimulation. EA stimulation was applied to bilateral LI18, LI4-PC6, or ST36-GB34. The thermal @entity158 threshold, cervicospinal @entity855 concentration, expression levels of purinergic P2XR and P2YR subunits mRNAs, and @entity17103 , @entity17581 and @entity12220 MAPK proteins, were detected separately. The neck incision induced strong thermal @entity1931 and upregulation of spinal @entity855 within 48  h. No significant change was found in thermal @entity1931 after a single session of EA intervention. However, a single session of EA dramatically enhanced the neck incision-induced upregulation of @entity855 and upregulated the expression of P2X7R, which was reversed by two sessions of EA. Two sessions of EA at bilateral LI18 or LI4-PC6 @entity1931 significantly, accompanied with downregulation of P2X7R/ @entity17103 / @entity17581 signaling after three sessions of EA. EA stimulation of LI18 or LI4-PC6 alleviates thermal @entity1931 in neck-incision @entity158 @entity35 , which may be associated with its effects in regulating the neck incision-induced increase of @entity855 and P2X7R and subsequently suppressing @entity17103 / @entity17581 signaling in the cervical spinal cord.

title: Effect of electroacupuncture on the cervicospinal P2X7 receptor/ @entity17103 / XXXX signaling pathway in a @entity35 neck-incision @entity158 model.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'attenuated hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity17581 :: (171056(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CX3CR1']


abstract: @entity418 affects more than 450000 @entity1 worldwide and the incidence is rapidly increasing. In the United States and Europe, @entity420 has superseded @entity1721 in its incidence. @entity418 has a high mortality rates secondary to the late presentation of most @entity1 at advanced stages. Endoscopic screening is recommended for @entity1 with multiple risk factors for @entity5 in @entity355 . These risk factors include chronic @entity354 , @entity357 , advanced age, male sex, white race, cigarette smoking, and @entity28 . The annual risk of @entity418 is approximately 0.25% for @entity1 without @entity1141 and 6% for @entity1 with high-grade @entity1141 . Twenty percent of all @entity420 in the United States is early stage with disease confined to the mucosa or submucosa. The significant morbidity and mortality of esophagectomy make endoscopic treatment an attractive option. The American Gastroenterological Association recommends endoscopic eradication therapy for @entity1 with high-grade @entity1141 . Endoscopic modalities for treatment of early @entity420 include endoscopic resection techniques and endoscopic ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablation, photodynamic therapy and cryoablation. Endoscopic therapy should be precluded to @entity1 with no evidence of @entity3 . Local @entity5 recurrence is low after endoscopic therapy and is predicted by poor differentiation of @entity5 , positive lymph node and @entity3 . Surgical resection should be offered to @entity1 with @entity3 .

title: Endoscopic assessment and management of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer', 'Esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion', 'submucosal invasion', 'deep submucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate association between the @entity44051 ( @entity44051 ) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) in Chinese Han population. METHODS: Hospital-based case-control study design was adopted. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique were used to type three @entity44051 polymorphisms ( @entity13019 , @entity62588 and 3'UTR). Information on related factors of @entity378 was collected using a pre-tested standard questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic analyses were conducted using SPSS for window software package. Totally, 110 cases of @entity378 were selected during April 2001 to June 2002, with an average age of (27.7 +/- 12.7) years. Also, 180 cases of healthy control were selected, aged (27.3 +/- 9.2) years in average. Locus of @entity44051 polymorphism was analysed with univariate method. RESULTS: Univariate analysis demonstrated that the @entity62589 and 3'UTR TGTG+/del genotype occurred more frequently in the cases than in the controls, with crude odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) of 2.22 (1.03 - 4.78) and 1.93 (1.14 - 3.26), respectively. No significant association was observed between @entity378 and @entity13019 polymorphisms. In multivariate analysis, associations of @entity378 and @entity62589 and 3'UTR TGTG+/del genotypes remained, adjusted for exposure history and bacille Camette-Gu  rin immunization. Adjusted OR (95% CI) was 3.04 (1.12 - 8.27) and 2.36 (1.20 - 4.64), respectively. Still, no significant association between @entity13019 polymorphisms and @entity378 was found. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of @entity62588 and 3'UTR locus in @entity44051 gene might affect their susceptibility to @entity378 in Chinese Han population.

title: [A case-control study on XXXX gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to @entity1907 ].

entities_list: @entity44051 :: ('6556', 'Gene') :: ['NRAMP1', 'natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1']

entities_list: @entity62589 :: ('p|SUB|D|543|NG,A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D543N G/A']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity44051 :: (6556,Gene) :: ['natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1']


abstract: MDCK cells expressing @entity4870 or @entity4872 mutants under control of the @entity803 repressible transactivator were used to examine short-term effects of known amounts of each mutant before, during, or after development of cell polarity. At low cell density, Rac1V12 cells had a flattened morphology and intact cell-cell contacts, whereas Rac1N17 cells were tightly compacted. Abnormal intracellular aggregates formed between Rac1N17, F-actin, and @entity10527 in these nonpolarized cells. At all subsequent stages of polarity development, Rac1N17 and Rac1V12 colocalized with @entity10527 and F-actin in an unusual beaded pattern at lateral membranes. In polarized cells, intracellular aggregates formed with Rac1V12, F-actin, and an apical membrane protein ( @entity13798 ). At low cell density, RhoAV14 and RhoAN19 were localized in the cytoplasm, and cells were generally flattened and more fibroblastic than epithelial in morphology. In polarized RhoAV14 cells, F-actin was diffuse at lateral membranes and prominent in stress fibers on the basal membrane. @entity13798 was abnormally localized to the lateral membrane and in intracellular aggregates, but @entity10527 distribution appeared normal. In RhoAN19 cells, F-actin, @entity10527 , and @entity13798 distributions were similar to those in controls. Expression of either RhoAV14 or RhoAN19 in Rac1V12 cells disrupted Rac1V12 distribution and caused cells to adopt the more fibroblastic, @entity4870 mutant phenotype. We suggest that @entity4872 and @entity4870 are involved in the transition of epithelial cells from a fibroblastic to a polarized structure and function by direct and indirect regulation of actin and actin-associated membrane protein organizations.

title: Effects of regulated expression of mutant XXXX and @entity4872 small GTPases on the development of epithelial (MDCK) cell polarity.

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity4870 :: (403954(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['RhoA']


abstract: The @entity1 cerebellum is built around an array of parasagittal bands of Purkinje cells that can be demonstrated by immunocytochemical staining for the differentiation antigen @entity4455 . Climbing and mossy fiber afferents also terminate in bands, and the afferent terminal fields and the Purkinje cell bands are aligned. The convergence of mossy and climbing fiber pathways onto the Purkinje cells, which are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex, is a characteristic feature of cerebellar circuitry. Previous studies showed that when both afferent pathways are activated synchronously there develops a long-term @entity308 of synaptic efficacy at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse. Two second messenger pathways mediate long-term @entity308 : one involves @entity2366 and protein kinase C, and the other involves @entity842 that is generated by a @entity842 synthase. We have studied the distribution of @entity842 synthase in the adult @entity19 cerebellum by using @entity1110 ( @entity1110 )-diaphorase histochemistry. @entity1110 -diaphorase activity is found mainly in the granule and basket cells. Within the granular layer @entity1110 -diaphorase activity is expressed nonuniformly by patches of granular cells and synaptic glomeruli. The patches are seen in all lobules, are reproducible from individual to individual, and are topographically ordered with respect to the Purkinje cell compartments as revealed by using anti- @entity4455 immunocytochemistry. These data imply that @entity842 -dependent, long-term @entity308 may only involve a subset of mossy fiber/granule cell projections, and that one role for @entity842 may be to refine cerebellar receptive fields.

title: Compartmentation of XXXX -diaphorase activity in the @entity19 cerebellar cortex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity3 has increased worldwide. Information regarding the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with extrapulmonary involvement is scarce. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the pathogenesis, characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity3 and @entity66 . METHODS: A retrospective study conducted in a university hospital in Barcelona, Spain (1995-2011). RESULTS: A total of 12 cases of @entity3 and extrapulmonary involvement were found. The most common clinical manifestations were invasive @entity1244 , early postoperative prosthetic @entity340 , fungaemia, @entity86 , @entity867 and @entity1511 with @entity7181 . @entity1244 occurred frequently in @entity1 without immunosuppression and had invasive brain involvement in one case. @entity884 was associated with multiple septic metastases. Concomitant lung involvement was documented in 5 cases. The strains isolated were @entity54 (5), @entity11792 (3), and @entity11150 (2). The species of @entity11150 was not established for 3 isolates. All @entity1 were treated with antifungals and surgery was performed in 8 cases. Outcome was related with the source of infection; all @entity1 with invasive @entity1244 survived, while the remaining @entity1 had a high mortality rate (88%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 with extrapulmonary involvement is rare. The most common presentation is invasive @entity1244 , which has a lower mortality. Other clinical forms with extrapulmonary involvement were associated with severe immunosuppression or previous surgery, and had a poor outcome.

title: [ XXXX with extrapulmonary involvement: pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and prognosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis', 'Sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extrapulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis', 'Invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['multiple brain abscesses']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Endocarditis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Invasive aspergillosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endovascular prostheses (stents) in the treatment of @entity438 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature using the databases Medline, Embase, @entity27634 , and the Cochrane Library. Relevant articles were selected by reading the abstracts found in the search and applying a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Afterwards, the entire text was read critically and the results were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Only ten series fulfilled the inclusion criteria established, and different methodological limitations were observed. A total of 287 lesions were treated; 76 of these were wide-neck @entity439 , and total or nearly total occlusion was achieved in approximately 77% of cases. Among the 281 @entity1 included, 14 @entity204 (4.9%) and 48 complications (17.1%) occurred; 55% of the complications were of @entity1031 origin. Moreover, in 71 cases (24.7%) there were difficulties in placing the stent, stent displacement, or other technical problems. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the data reported in this review, the lack of methodologically sound studies with long-term follow-up as well as the methodological limitations and heterogeneity found in the observational studies included in this review make it impossible to reach definitive, categorical conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of this technique. Therefore, it would be recommendable to initiate randomized clinical trials to compare this technique with other treatment options, using appropriate and homogeneous criteria for the selection of both @entity1 and centers together with strict follow-up, registering, and evaluation of the results obtained.

title: [Vascular endoprostheses in the treatment of XXXX : a systematic review].

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The complication rates associated with different types of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) remain to be fully examined. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: We extracted data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database on 50,734 @entity1 (aged   >=    16 years) who underwent FESS for chronic rhinosinusitis between 2007 and 2013. We focused on specific types of surgery and stratified the @entity1 into three groups: group 1 (single sinus surgery), group 2 (multiple sinus surgery), and group 3 (whole sinus surgery). @entity1 characteristics and @entity260 including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, @entity2694 , severe @entity548 , and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) that occurred during 1 to 2 weeks of each hospitalization were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between overall complication rate and background characteristics, with adjustment for within-hospital clustering. RESULTS: The overall complication rate was 0.50%; the rates of CSF leakage, @entity2694 , @entity548 requiring surgery, blood transfusion, and @entity137 were 0.09%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.18%, and 0.02%, respectively. Ethmoidectomy combined with sphenoidotomy was associated with higher overall complication rates (1.40%). The rate of @entity2694 was highest in group 2, whereas that of other complications did not differ significantly among the groups. Extent of FESS showed no significant association with overall complication rate. CONCLUSION: More extensive FESS was not associated with increased rates of postoperative CSF leakage, @entity548 , or @entity137 . Multiple sinus surgery was associated with a higher rate of @entity2694 . The extent of surgery did not significantly affect the overall complication rate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b.

title: Complication rates after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: analysis of 50,734 Japanese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['early postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Division by total body weight is the usual way to standardise peak @entity26 uptake (peak VO2) for body size. However, this method systematically underestimates @entity410 in @entity28 individuals. Our aim was to analyse whether lean-mass is a better base for a body mass-independent standard of @entity410 . METHODS: A population based sample of 578 @entity1 (body mass index (BMI) 19-47   kg/m(2)) and 592 @entity1 (BMI 16-49   kg/m(2)) 57-78 years of age. Peak VO2 was assessed by respiratory gas analysis during a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. We studied the validity of the weight-ratio and the lean mass-ratio standards in a linear regression model. RESULTS: The weight-ratio standard implies an increase of peak VO2 per additional kg body weight with 20.7   ml/min (95% confidence interval (CI): 20.3-21.1) in @entity1 and 26.9   ml/min (95% CI: 26.4-27.5) in @entity1 . The observed increase per kg is only 8.5   ml/min (95% CI: 6.5-10.5) in @entity1 and 10.4   ml/min (95% CI: 7.5-13.4) in @entity1 . For the lean mass-ratio standard expected and observed increases in peak VO2 per kg lean mass were 32.3 (95% CI: 31.8-32.9) and 34.6 (95% CI: 30.0-39.1) ml/min for @entity1 and 36.2 (95% CI: 35.6-36.8) and 37.3 (95% CI: 32.1-42.4) ml/min in @entity1 . The lean mass-ratio standard is a body mass-independent measure of @entity410 in 100% of @entity1 and 58% of @entity1 ; corresponding values for the weight-ratio standard were 11% and 16%. CONCLUSIONS: For comparisons of @entity410 across different categories of body mass, the lean mass-ratio standard should be used.

title: XXXX is a function of lean mass, not total body weight: The DR's EXTRA study.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary fitness']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Cardiopulmonary fitness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity3832 after failed urethroplasty may need urethral substitution. Skin or mucosal grafts, currently used for this purpose, have a high complication rate. The authors describe the use of pedicled appendix for posterior urethral substitution. METHODS: Two @entity1 with @entity174 urethral distraction injuries were treated for recurrent @entity3832 after a failed perineal anastomotic urethroplasty. Through a perineal-transpubic approach the stricture tissue was excised, which resulted in a gap of 5 to 7 cm between the healthy ends. The vermiform appendix was mobilised on its own pedicle and transposed to the perineum; the proximal end of appendix was anastomosed to the prostatic urethra and the distal end (tip discarded) to the bulbar/penile urethra. Omentum was transposed to wrap the @entity254 and fill the dead space. RESULTS: Normal micturition was restored in both @entity1 . No further treatment was required after 1 dilatation in the first case. Both @entity1 are continent. Potency status remains unchanged from the preoperative period with normal erections in 1 case. Follow-up (1 to 3 years) has been satisfactory with no complications. CONCLUSIONS: The appendix is a promising organ for posterior urethral replacement. It can be brought to the perineum on its own vascular pedicle.

title: The use of pedicled appendix graft for substitution of urethra in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral strictures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture']

answer: @entity3832 :: (MESH:D014525,Disease) :: ['urethral stricture']


abstract: Treatment options for advanced colorectal have improved substantially in recent years as a number of agents have been developed that have different targets and mechanisms of action. Significant improvements in outcomes have been observed by combining multiple chemotherapeutic agents instead of the single-agent approach. Some debate still remains regarding which combination is most effective and in what order regimens should be given. In addition to cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, targeted biologic agents have been developed to inhibit @entity5 angiogenesis, which may hamper the viability of the @entity5 . There may also be a synergistic effect between antiangiogenic agents and chemotherapy. Regulation of @entity5 angiogenesis may actually improve blood flow throughout the @entity5 , which could enhance delivery of chemotherapy through the circulation. One antiangiogenic agent currently approved for the treatment of advanced @entity14 is bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting @entity7 , a ligand known to be important for angiogenesis. The other currently approved biologic agent, cetuximab, targets the @entity470 . The combination of bevacizumab plus cetuximab has a biologic rationale. Randomized trials incorporating combination chemotherapy regimens plus both bevacizumab and cetuximab are currently underway, as are preliminary studies withnovel angiogenesis inhibitors.

title: Angiogenesis inhibition in the treatment of XXXX Part 3 of a 3-part series: targeting @entity7 --current and future research directions.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) has raised new hope for drug-resistant chronic @entity2686 (drCCH), a devastating condition. However its mode of action remains elusive. Since the long delay to meaningful effect suggests that ONS induces slow neuromodulation, we have searched for changes in central @entity158 using metabolic neuroimaging. METHODS: Ten drCCH @entity1 underwent an 18FDG-PET scan after ONS, at delays varying between 0 and 30 months. All were scanned with ongoing ONS (ON) and with the stimulator switched OFF. RESULTS: After 6-30 months of ONS, 3 @entity1 were @entity158 free and 4 had a >=  90% reduction of attack frequency (responders). In all @entity1 compared to controls, several areas of the @entity158 matrix showed @entity2495 : @entity2339 , midbrain and ipsilateral lower pons. All normalized after ONS, except for the hypothalamus. Switching the stimulator ON or OFF had little influence on brain @entity413 metabolism. The perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (PACC) was hyperactive in ONS responders compared to non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic normalization in the @entity158 neuromatrix and lack of short-term changes induced by the stimulation might support the hypothesis that ONS acts in drCCH through slow neuromodulatory processes. Selective activation in responders of PACC, a pivotal structure in the endogenous opioid system, suggests that ONS could restore balance within dysfunctioning @entity158 control centres. That ONS is nothing but a symptomatic treatment might be illustrated by the persistent @entity1640 , which could explain why @entity4148 attacks may persist despite @entity158 relief and why cluster attacks recur shortly after stimulator arrest. PET studies on larger samples are warranted to confirm these first results.

title: Central modulation in @entity2686 XXXX treated with occipital nerve stimulation: an FDG-PET study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-control areas', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8306 , one of the microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis proteins, is involved in the maturation of miRNAs and is implicated in @entity5 development and progression. The results from previous epidemiological studies on associations between @entity8306 @entity59095 polymorphism and @entity5 risk were inconsistent. Thereforewe performed this meta-analysis to summarize possible associations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched all relevant articles on associations between @entity8306 @entity59095 polymorphism and @entity5 risk from PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure until August 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess any associations. Heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses and publication bias assessments were also performed in this meta-analysis. All analyses were conducted using STATA software. RESULTS: Seven case-control studies, including 4,875 @entity5 cases and 7,800 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results indicated that the C allele of @entity8306 @entity59095 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased @entity5 risk in allelic comparison, heterozygote and dominant genetic models (C vs T: OR=0.88, 95%CI 0.81-0.95, p=0.002; TC vs TT: OR=0.85, 95%CI 0.77-0.93, p=0.001; CC/TC vs TT: OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.78-0.94, p=0.001). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significantly decreased @entity5 risk was found in Asian but not Caucasian populations. CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis suggests that the C allele of the @entity8306 @entity59095 polymorphism probably decreases @entity5 risk. However, this association may be Asian-specific and the results should be treated with caution. Further well-designed studies based on larger sample sizes and group of populations are needed to validate these findings.

title: Association between the XXXX @entity59095 Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Meta-analysis of 1,2675 Individuals.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity8306 :: (23405,Gene) :: ['DICER']


abstract: Muramyl peptides, immunostimulators with macrophage as a main target cell, are used for protecting @entity19 from @entity558 (the experimental model of @entity326 ). Different protocols of pretreatment @entity19 by @entity7193 peptides lead to opposite results. @entity558 and glycopeptides act synergistically in the induction of lethal shock, when @entity19 receive peptides 1 day prior to lethal dose of @entity558 . However, extension of the period between the peptide and @entity558 injections to 6 days cancels the effect of synergism. Moreover, a 14-day interval between the same injections leads to protection of 70-90% animals from the toxic effect of @entity558 . Lipophilic analogs require 10-100 lower concentrations to protect the animals than the parent highly hydrophilic glycopeptides. Production of @entity637 , IL-1 and phagocytosis by macrophages was studied within the periods corresponding to "synergism" and @entity558 -resistance. High level of macrophage activity was observed during the "synergism" period. Low @entity637 production and reduced macrophage phagocyte activity corresponded to @entity558 -resistant state. These results partly explain the @entity558 -unresponsiveness in @entity19 after their pretreatment by muramyl peptides.

title: Prevention of experimental XXXX by pretreatment of @entity19 with muramyl peptides.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['LPS', 'LPS-lethality']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity7193 :: ('CHEBI:25433', 'Chemical') :: ['muramyl']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: Vertebral @entity1712 is a rare condition frequently associated with vertebra plana. In this paper we present six @entity1 with @entity1712 of the spine; three were without vertebra plana, which represents a diagnostic problem. The mean follow-up was 9 years, (range 2 to 23) and the mean age was 10.8 years at diagnosis. All complained of @entity158 with no @entity51 . The lesions were located on the vertebral bodies of C4, T9, T10, L1, L2, and L5, respectively. Histologic confirmation of diagnosis was obtained in all @entity1 , two by puncture and four by open biopsy. The @entity1 with vertebra plana (T10, L1, and L5, respectively) were treated conservatively. Long-term follow-up demonstrated total healing of the vertebral body in two and partial rebuilding 8 years after diagnosis in one. @entity1 without vertebra plana (C4, T9, and L2, respectively) underwent curettage and bone grafting. In the @entity1 with T9 location, a T8-10 anterior arthrodesis with autogenous rib graft was performed. The outcome was satisfactory in all.

title: XXXX of the spine with and without vertebra plana: long-term follow-up of six cases.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic granuloma']


abstract: The sympathetic adrenal (SA) activity can be modulated by @entity935 (DA) through D2 receptors. In @entity1 , using D2 antagonists, it has been demonstrated that endogenous DA plays an inhibitory modulation of the SA system during high degree of SA activation. D2 agonists are able to induce a decrease in @entity1063 (NE) release either in vitro or in vivo. This effect leads, in vivo, to a decrease in blood pressure (BP) and to an activation of arterial baroreceptors. Therefore, in vivo, the D2 mediated inhibition of @entity1425 (E) release, which is clearly demonstrated in vitro, is overwhelmed by the baroreceptor-mediated activation of the splachnic nerve. As a consequence, the in vivo administration of D2 agonists can induce a different effect on the net peripheral sympathetic tone of an organ, depending on the balance between the degree of the baroreceptor-mediated sympathetic activation and the inhibitory D2-mediated inhibition of NE release at the tissue level. In the present paper we investigated the in vivo effect of placebo (PL) or acute oral @entity2847 (BC) administration on plasma CA and on the cardiac sympatho-vagal balance of 7 normal volunteers, as assessed by power spectral analysis of heart rate (HR) variability (autoregressive method), either in resting or sitting position. Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components, both expressed in normalized units (nU), and LF/HF ratio were calculated. BC caused a decrease in BP, plasma NE and no change in HR in resting and sitting position. Plasma E increased in sitting position. At the heart level, after BC, we observed, during rest, an increase in LF and LF/HF ratio and a decrease in HF while in sitting position LF did not increase further. These data show that BC, while reducing BP through a decrease of plasma NE, increases LF/HF ratio (sympathetic tone) without any change in heart rate. These data seem to confirm that BC causes an inhibitory modulation of the SA system acting predominantly at the periphery through D2 presynaptic receptors.

title: XXXX and sympathoadrenal activity in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: This study prospectively explores relations of usual @entity167 intake in a Northern California population of 128,934 @entity1 to risk of subsequent @entity204 . Of 385 such deaths during the 8-year study period, 88 were due to @entity64 ( @entity64 ), 106 to suicide, 52 to homicide, and 139 to miscellaneous other unnatural causes. Comparisons of ex-drinkers and 5 levels of current drinkers to lifelong abstainers were studied by Cox proportional hazards models with 9 covariates. In adjusted analyses, @entity1 reporting intake of 6 or more drinks daily were at greatly increased risk of @entity204 from suicide (6 times) and homicide (7 times), and at moderately increased risk of @entity204 from @entity64 (2 times). Lighter and ex-drinkers were not at significantly increased risk for all unnatural deaths or any of its subsets. Among @entity1 reporting 6 or more drinks/day, @entity1 and @entity1 below 50 years of age were at especially high risk, but Blacks and Whites were at similar risk. @entity1 who usually drank liquor or wine were at greater risk for @entity64 than those who usually drank beer; beverage choice was unrelated to the other causes of @entity204 . Among other covariates, @entity1 and not married @entity1 were at higher risk and college graduates at lower risk, for each cause of @entity204 . The only major racial difference was a lower risk of suicide for Blacks (versus Whites). These data provide considerable detail about usual @entity167 use and risk of @entity204 . They point to special need for preventive efforts among younger @entity1 and @entity1 , with particular attention to suicide and homicide.

title: XXXX use, other traits, and risk of @entity204 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['unnatural death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['MVAs', 'motor vehicle accidents']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 presenting with @entity1443 @entity137 and @entity391 are often treated with antiemetics so that orally administered @entity898 can be retained. The policy at the West Virginia Poison Center is to reserve @entity3974 , an antiemetic with a higher cost than other antiemetics, as a second line agent for @entity1 presenting within 8 hours of an @entity1443 ingestion. METHODS: A retrospective study of cases between January 1993 and December 1995, in which the primary or secondary drug ingested was an adult-strength, @entity1443 -only formulation and the ingestion resulted in @entity391 . Seventy-eight @entity1 with laboratory-verified @entity1443 @entity137 and @entity391 were evaluated for the type of antiemetics used and the antiemetic's effectiveness. RESULTS: Of the 78 @entity1443 @entity137 @entity1 with @entity391 , 17/51 @entity1 (33.3%) who received a nonondansetron antiemetic failed therapy and required IV @entity3974 . Of the 24 @entity1 who received @entity3974 , 4 @entity1 (16.7%) failed therapy. All four @entity1 who failed @entity3974 therapy had previously failed other antiemetic therapy. DISCUSSION: Although @entity3974 had a lower failure rate than nonondansetron antiemetics, almost two-thirds of @entity1443 @entity137 @entity1 with @entity391 did not require @entity3974 to control their @entity391 . Health care costs would have been higher had these @entity1 received @entity3974 as their initial therapy. Antiemetics were found to be highly effective as only 3/78 @entity1 (4%) required IV @entity898 secondary to antiemetic failure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3974 should be utilized as a second-line agent in the management of @entity1443 @entity137 @entity1 with @entity391 . Because of its lower failure rate, @entity3974 should be administered as a first-line agent in @entity1 with a delay in @entity898 administration approaching 8 or more hours.

title: Use of @entity3974 and other antiemetics in the management of @entity137 XXXX ingestions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['Ondansetron', 'ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify health problems associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in an older female population. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Third wave for the Tampere Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TamELSA) in 1999-2000. SUBJECTS: A total of 203 @entity1 aged 70 years and over. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: LUTS categorized as urge symptoms only, voiding symptoms only, and urge and voiding symptoms combined. The health indicators were polypharmacy (> 3 medications), use of sleeping medication, @entity1142 , treated @entity293 ( @entity293 ), and @entity65 . RESULTS: Of the respondents 16% reported urge symptoms, 22% voiding symptoms, and 26% combined symptoms. In the multinomial logistic regression models, @entity1142 and @entity85 were significantly associated with voiding symptoms (OR 4.33; 95% CI 1.62-11.57 and OR 5.25; 95% CI 1.94-14.18, respectively) and with combined symptoms (OR 4.33; 95% CI 1.67-11.21 and OR 2.84; 95% CI 1.17-6.89, respectively). @entity293 (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.09-7.08) were associated with combined symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Voiding symptoms comprise a significant part of lower urinary tract symptomalogy in older @entity1 . Although @entity1142 , @entity85 , and @entity293 are the main health problems associated with LUTS, other concomitant diseases and medications also need to be assessed in older female @entity1 with LUTS.

title: Health problems associated with lower urinary tract symptoms in older XXXX . A population-based survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['neurological, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal diseases']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if blood @entity701 and cerebrospinal fluid @entity4545 levels correlate with prognosis following @entity159 . DESIGN: Twenty-seven adult @entity1 with @entity159 had blood @entity701 and cerebrospinal fluid @entity4545 levels measured within 12 hours after the cessation of clinical @entity410 . SETTING: @entity1 with @entity159 as well as @entity1 with @entity410 came from the @entity302 Program at the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond. @entity1 : Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity159 . Control @entity1 for the @entity701 study were @entity1 who had acute @entity410 who did not meet the criteria for @entity159 . The cerebrospinal fluid control subjects were @entity1 without @entity16 undergoing spinal anesthesia. OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical status of the @entity1 1 week after @entity159 as well as the Glascow Outcome Score and the Glascow @entity772 Score 1 week after @entity159 . RESULTS: The difference in blood @entity701 levels in @entity1 with @entity159 with poor prognosis was significantly different from both @entity1 with @entity410 (P < .001) and @entity1 with @entity159 with good prognosis (P < .01). Cerebrospinal fluid @entity4545 levels were elevated in @entity1 with @entity159 @entity1 vs control subjects (P < .05), but no significant difference was noted between the @entity1 with @entity159 with good and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity701 levels may provide a useful predictive indicator of prognosis in @entity159 and @entity701 level elevation may play a role in the pathophysiologic condition of @entity159 .

title: Serum XXXX and cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphins in @entity159 . Their possible relation to prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['non-status epilepticus seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although therapeutic effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) on @entity8 in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) have been demonstrated, the beneficial effects and their mechanisms in @entity2316 have not been well evaluated. METHODS: KK/Ta @entity19 were divided into three groups according to the treatment: @entity1564 4 mg/kg/day from 6 to 28 weeks of age (group I; early treatment); from 12 to 28 weeks of age (group II; late treatment); only vehicle (group III). BALB/c @entity19 treated with vehicle were used as controls (group IV). Body weight (BW), systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood @entity413 , urinary type IV collagen and albumin excretion were measured every 4 weeks. Morphometry and immunohistology of albumin, @entity641 ( @entity641 ) and @entity643 were performed in all groups. RESULTS: BW and blood @entity413 were higher in groups I, II and III than in group IV from 8 weeks. SBP was markedly reduced in groups I and II compared with group III (p < 0.05, p < 0.005). Urinary type IV collagen and albumin excretion were increased in group III compared to group IV (p < 0.05, p < 0.005), whereas they were reduced in groups I and II when compared to group III (p < 0.05). Morphometric analysis revealed that the whole glomerular area (WGA), glomerular tuft area (GTA), extracellular matrix area (ECMA) and intraglomerular cell nuclei number (NIGCN) were significantly reduced in groups I, II and IV compared to group III at 28 weeks. In immunohistochemistry, @entity641 expression in both glomeruli and tubules of groups I and II decreased compared to that of group III at 28 weeks, while @entity643 in group III glomeruli was reduced compared to that in groups I and II. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that @entity1564 reduced urinary type IV collagen and albumin excretion, and @entity8 and mesangial matrix accumulation by the TGF-betaS/Smad signaling pathway in KK/Ta @entity19 with @entity2316 .

title: Effects of @entity1564 , an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, on @entity2316 in KK/Ta XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated glomerular hypertrophy', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Earlier, we showed in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 that the microbiota changes dramatically during anticancer treatment, coinciding with @entity344 : The commensal anaerobic populations reduce in favor of potential pathogens. Therefore, interventions targeting the microbiota during @entity33 might be interesting but can better be tested in animals than in vulnerable @entity33 @entity1 . Here, we aimed to study the potential microbial changes during @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-induced @entity344 in a well-established @entity35 model and to study whether this model can be used for future microbial intervention studies. METHODS: After injection with @entity1500 or saline (day 0), @entity35 were sacrificed between days 2 and 11. Plasma @entity7792 level, jejunal histology, and the number and diversity of intestinal bacteria in feces (using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)) were determined. RESULTS: @entity33 was most severe on day 4 when food intake, plasma @entity7792 , and villus length were the lowest, compared with controls (P   <   0.0125). At the same time, @entity1500 -treated @entity35 showed an overall decrease (705-fold) in most bacteria (using a universal probe), compared with controls (P   <   0.125). Reduced bacterial presence was related with the presence of @entity294 and a reduced villus length (rho   =   0.38, P   <   0.05). At day 4, there was an absolute and relative decrease of anaerobes (13-fold and -58  %, respectively) and streptococci (296-fold and -1  %, respectively) but a relative increase of Bacteroides (+49  %), compared with controls (P   <   0.125). CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity33 @entity35 model, we found substantial decreases in the number and diversity of microbiota, resembling earlier findings in @entity1 . The model therefore seems well suited to study the effects of different microbial interventions on @entity33 , prior to performing @entity1 studies.

title: Substantial decreases in the number and diversity of microbiota during chemotherapy-induced @entity344 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis', 'mucositis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hindbrain herniations come in many forms and have been further subdivided as their original descriptions. For @entity76 , they can be divided into two categories, acquired and congenital. Acquired @entity3976 are due to @entity428 caused by certain conditions such as @entity130 or @entity1313 . Although the mechanism for their formation is not clear, @entity3976 makes up the majority of these @entity600 . Furthermore, these @entity600 are often found to harbor additional anatomical derailments in addition to the hindbrain herniation whether it be the cerebellar tonsils ( @entity1645 ) or the cerebellar vermis ( @entity1645 ). This article reviews these forms of @entity76 and describes the details of their anomalous anatomy. Moreover, this article compares and contrasts the differing embryological theories found in this literature. Clin. Anat. 28:184-194, 2015.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The XXXX : A review with emphasis on anatomical traits.

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hindbrain herniation', 'hindbrain herniations']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari II malformation', 'Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ectopia', 'cerebellar tonsillar ectopia']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari malformations']


abstract: Early third instar larvae of wild-type @entity238 were transferred to medium supplemented with @entity17884 (2-ME) or @entity17884 . @entity6514 produced terata in adult flies as wing notches and duplications of macrochaetae similar to feeding with @entity25786 ( @entity11596 ), the oxidation product of 2-ME. Larval feeding with 2-ME also affected the fertility of both females and males. 2-ME or more likely its intermediate oxidation product, @entity61195 (MAALD), concurrently generated mutations in the premeiotic stages of the oocytes in the early third instar larvae. The mutagenicity of 2-ME has been confirmed in subsequent small scale experiments. The mutation frequency ranged from 4 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-2). Although terata were not supposed to be heritable, 1.1 to 8.7% of the affected females produced offspring with phenotypic similarity to the female parent. This phenomenon looked like a classical example of inheritance of an acquired character. The question is addressed why a Notch-like phenocopy, generated by larval 2-ME treatment, could bring forth Notch and rudimentary mutants in particular. Administration of 2-ME to larvae, containing the highly active @entity167 dehydrogenase variant ADH-71k, exposed the mitotic germ cells and the mitotic somatic cells of the imaginal discs simultaneously to the mutagen MAALD and the teratogen @entity11596 , respectively. The chances for specific gene mutations, though non-adaptive, were likely increased by a feedback mechanism: gene-products that were inhibited or disturbed by the teratogen demanded increased transcription of their encoding genes. Transcribed genes are more susceptible to mutagens.

title: Concurrent teratogenic and mutagenic action of @entity17884 in XXXX larvae resulted in similar phenotypes: close resemblance to directed mutations.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity25786 :: ('MESH:C013598', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxyacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity17884 :: ('MESH:C005219', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methoxyethanol', 'ethylene glycol monomethyl ether']

entities_list: @entity61195 :: ('MESH:C049826', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxyacetaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1486 (PSA) is a useful marker for predicting outcomes following treatment for @entity263 but, given the evolving nature of @entity263 , there is an ongoing need to refine its use. We assessed preoperative PSA doubling time (PSADT) and PSA velocity (PSAV) as predictors of outcome following radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 2,290 @entity1 who were treated with RRP for @entity263 between 1990 and 1999 with multiple preoperative PSA measurements available. PSADT was calculated by log linear regression and PSAV was calculated by linear regression. These parameters were used in preoperative and postoperative multivariate models for the end points of biochemical and clinical progression, and @entity5 @entity204 . RESULTS: At a median followup of 7.1 years (range 0.1 to 14.5) biochemical progression, clinical progression and @entity204 from @entity263 were observed in 583, 156 and 42 @entity1 , respectively. The HR for @entity204 from @entity263 was 6.22 (95% CI 3.33 to 11.61) in @entity1 with PSADT less than 18 months vs 18 or greater and 6.54 (95% CI 3.51 to 12.19) in @entity1 with PSAV greater than 3.4 ng/ml yearly vs 3.4 or less. On multivariate analysis adjusting for preoperative or postoperative variables PSADT and PSAV remained significant predictors of each outcome. When assessed jointly, PSAV was significant as a predictor of biochemical progression, while PSADT was a significant predictor of clinical progression and @entity5 @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the usefulness of preoperative PSA kinetics for predicting post-RRP outcomes, which may be useful for stratifying @entity1 , so that rational management decisions can be made with respect to observation, intervention and adjuvant treatment. While PSADT maybe biologically more accurate and stronger on multivariate analysis, PSAV is clinically easier to use and a good approximation in the short term.

title: Preoperative XXXX doubling time and velocity are strong and independent predictors of outcomes following radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of angiointervention (ANGIO) in the management of high-grade @entity99 is not clear and there are concerns about increased complications. METHODS: National @entity130 Data Bank study, isolated grade IV and V blunt @entity99 . @entity1 with major associated intra-abdominal or extra-abdominal injuries were excluded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and complications. RESULTS: Six thousand four hundred two @entity1 met the criteria for inclusion. Laparotomy was performed in 32% of the @entity1 and nonoperative management in 68%. Overall, 11% of the @entity1 underwent ANGIO. @entity1 in the ANGIO group were significantly more likely to be older than 55  years than non-ANGIO @entity1 and more likely to have Injury Severity Scores greater than 25. After stepwise logistic regression, ANGIO was an independent predictor of survival (P < .001). In the group of @entity1 managed operatively, it was independently associated with a lower mortality (P < .001). Similarly, in the nonoperative group, it was independently associated with a lower mortality (5.4% vs 9.5%, P = .008). ANGIO was associated with @entity149 . CONCLUSIONS: ANGIO in blunt, severe @entity99 is associated with reduced mortality and increased complications, in both operative and nonoperative management.

title: Angiointervention: an independent predictor of survival in high-grade blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['increased systemic complications']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injuries']


abstract: Although a significant minority of @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) are @entity882 , the pathogenesis and prevalence have not been established. This study was designed to address these 2 issues. We included 105 @entity1 with @entity299 (60 @entity1 and 45 @entity1 ; aged 21 to 54 years). Systemic arterial @entity26 saturations were 69% to 78%. Hematocrits were 62% to 74% with normal @entity68 indexes. In 26 of 105 @entity1 (25%), platelet counts were <100x10(9)/L. The diagnosis was @entity6924 in all 26 @entity1 with @entity882 . Platelet production was determined by flow cytometric reticulated platelet counts. Megakaryocyte mass was determined indirectly by @entity21929 levels. @entity5642 was based on prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and D-dimers. Platelet activation was determined by levels of platelet factor 4 and @entity4938 . Reference ranges were derived from 20 normal acyanotic controls. A reduction in absolute reticulated platelet counts implied decreased platelet production (p<0.001). Normal thrombopoietin levels implied normal megakaryocyte mass. Normal prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and D-dimers excluded disseminated @entity5642 . Normal platelet factor 4 and @entity4938 indicated absent or minimal platelet activation. Twenty-five percent of the @entity1 with @entity299 were @entity882 because platelet production was decreased despite normal megakaryocyte mass. We hypothesized that right-to-left shunts deliver whole megakaryocytes into the system arterial circulation, bypassing the lungs where megakaryocytic cytoplasm is fragmented into platelets, thus reducing platelet production. In conclusion, platelet counts in @entity299 appear to represent a continuum beginning with low normal counts and ending with @entity882 .

title: Pathogenesis of @entity882 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity21929 :: ('MESH:D013926', 'Chemical') :: ['thrombopoietin']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['Disseminated intravascular coagulation', 'intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CCHD', 'cyanotic congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4938 :: ('5473', 'Gene') :: ['beta thromboglobulin']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cyanotic congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measuring quality of life through questionnaires is a common method to evaluate the impact of different afflictions on the @entity1 's well-being, especially in the field of dermatology where appearance changing afflictions are common. OBJECTIVES: A variety of questionnaires has been used to distinguish different @entity272 like @entity1569 , @entity483 and @entity2318 . Using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), we investigated different scar types regarding their impact on quality of life. METHODS: We assessed the quality of life in 130 @entity1 presenting to our outpatient scar clinic for the first time using the DLQI. Scars were analysed according to their clinical appearance (physiological @entity2318 , @entity12347 , @entity2805 , @entity2318 , self-harm @entity2318 ). Physiological @entity2318 were established as a baseline for further comparison between groups. RESULTS: @entity1 in the physiological scar group scored a mean DLQI score of 2.07      3.56, @entity1 in the keloid-, @entity2805 -, @entity2318 - and self-harm scar group scored values of 6.06      4.00, 2.53      2.48, 7.26      6.72 and 12.00      3.85 respectively. When compared to the baseline group the difference in the overall score for @entity12347 was +3.99 (P  <  0.001), @entity2805 scored +0.45 (ns), @entity2318 +5.19 (P  <  0.01) and self-harm @entity2318 +9.93 (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: Using the DLQI, we could demonstrate that different subsets of pathological @entity2318 do affect @entity1 in a different magnitude. The DLQI provides a promising adjunct for quantifying the quality of life in @entity1 suffering from @entity12347 , @entity2318 and may constitute an interesting additional tool for monitoring the progress of scar treatments.

title: The dermatology life quality index as a means to assess life quality in XXXX with different scar types.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic- and self-harm scars', 'atrophic scar', 'atrophic scars', 'scars']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars', 'hypertrophic scar']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin conditions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Impairments in executive functions have been related to @entity75 . Aging also causes slowing of mental processing. We examined whether @entity385 in the frontal brain area results in @entity751 , or whether the frontal @entity64 causes increased slowing of mental processing. Neurological, radiological and neuropsychological examinations were carried out 3 months post- @entity64 on 250 @entity385 @entity1 (55-85 years) and on 39 healthy control subjects. Of the @entity1 , 62 had frontal and 188 had nonfrontal lesions. The neuropsychological examination comprised several cognitive domains, including tests considered to measure executive functions. The frontal group was slower than the nonfrontal group in tasks measuring speed of mental processing which were time-limited (Trail Making A, Stroop dots and fluency). They were also inferior in the Digit Span backwards task. There were no differences between the groups in other cognitive domains, nor in some tests which are considered to be measures of executive functions (e.g. WCST). Impairments in executive functions were evident in both the frontal and the nonfrontal groups compared with the controls, but no @entity751 specifically @entity75 was found. Frontal @entity64 related mainly to the slowing of mental processing.

title: Executive functions and speed of mental processing in elderly @entity1 with frontal or nonfrontal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['related to frontal lesions', 'aging and frontal lobe lesions']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['dysexecutive syndrome']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity41 ( @entity41 )-directedmodified donor lymphocyte infusion (mDLI) is used to treat relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). For @entity1 who experience an unsatisfactory response tomDLI, relapse is usually inevitable. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the efficacy ofinterferon a therapy in these @entity1 . METHODS: Regular @entity41 monitoring was carried out after the HSCT. The @entity1 who were @entity41 -positive underwent mDLI. @entity1 with an unsatisfactory response to mDLI received interferon a therapy (3 million units, twice weekly) with regular monitoring of @entity41 . To ensure the immunomodulatory effects of interferon a, immunosuppressant treatment would be stopped before interferon a treatment. RESULTS: Five @entity1 with an unsatisfactory response to mDLI treatment received interferon a (3 had t (8;21) @entity3052 , and 2 had common @entity3052 ). They had significantly reduced or resolved @entity41 . Four @entity1 developed @entity2132 . Two of the 5 @entity1 reported transient fevers, and no significant @entity236 was observed. All of them were in continuous complete remission after interferon a treatment. The median survival time was 469 days (range 368-948 days). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with an unsatisfactory response to @entity41 -directed mDLI, interferon a may directly or indirectly induce the graft-versus- @entity1778 effect to improve mDLI efficacy and clear @entity41 .

title: Interferon a: the salvage therapy for XXXX with unsatisfactory response to minimal residual disease-directed modified donor lymphocyte infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'Minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal translocation acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the frequency of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) among @entity1 previously diagnosed with @entity32 ( @entity32 ), and to compare the clinical features and treatment outcomes of @entity1 with @entity32 associated with IgG4-RD and those without IgG4. METHODS: Retrospective clinicopathological series of 24 @entity1 with @entity32 diagnosed between June 2001 and June 2010. Biopsy specimens were immunostained for IgG-expressing and IgG4-expressing cells. Clinical data of patients with IgG4-RD and @entity32 unrelated to IgG4 were obtained from @entity1 records. RESULTS: Of 24 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 (45.8%) were identified with IgG4-RD. 10 @entity1 (10/11, 90.9%) presented with bilateral @entity1283 , and seven of those also had submadibular gland enlargement. One @entity1 (1/11, 9.1%) presented with a superior orbital mass. All @entity1 were successfully treated with @entity230 and/or radiotherapy or had an indolent clinical course. 13 @entity1 (54.2%) were identified with @entity32 unrelated to IgG4. Eight @entity1 (8/13, 61.5%) showed unilateral orbital involvement, and nine @entity1 (9/13, 69.2%) had orbital lesions not involving the lacrimal glands. Treatment modalities for @entity32 unrelated to IgG4 were varied and less effective: eight @entity1 (61.5%) relapsed following initial treatment with @entity230 or radiation, and additional therapies were required to enter remission. CONCLUSIONS: IgG4-RD may be identified frequently in @entity1 with @entity32 , and distinguishing features may be bilateral @entity1283 with associated submandibular gland enlargement. Patients with IgG4-RD may have better treatment outcomes with less aggressive treatment modalities than those with @entity32 unrelated to IgG4. An additional workup for IgG4-RD should be considered in all histopathological biopsy specimens suspicious of @entity32 .

title: IgG4-related disease in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['ISOI', 'idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimal gland enlargement']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and accuracy of posterior screw fixation for unstable @entity174 using intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy-based navigation. METHODS: 14 @entity1 with unstable Hangman's @entity174 (11 males and 3 females), ranging in age from 21 to 59 years, received posterior fixation assisted by an intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy-based navigation system: 11 Levine-Edwards type II and three type IIA cases. The American Spine Injury Association grade was D in 2 and E in 12 cases. RESULTS: Operation time was 110 min (range 90-140 min). Hospital stay was 7.6 days (range 5-12 days). All the @entity1 were observed for an average of 28.8 months (range 15-50 months). No screw-related @entity1317 was observed intraoperatively. An average of four screws/ @entity1 were inserted. Pedicle screws were placed into C2 and C3, and 5 screws were into the lateral mass of C3. Screw placement accuracy was evaluated using postoperative CT, according to the modified classification of Gertzbein and Robbins; one screw was grade 2 in C2, and three screws were grade 2 in the pedicle of C3. No grade 3 misplacement or clinical deficits were noted. C3 lateral mass screws were successfully inserted. Neck @entity158 was relieved in each case. Neurologic status improved from D to E in 2 cases. Solid fusion was demonstrated in all the cases by static and dynamic films during the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This case series demonstrates that intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy-based navigation is a safe, accurate, and effective tool for screw placement in @entity1 with unstable @entity174 .

title: Posterior fixation and fusion of unstable XXXX by using intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy-based navigation.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury to nerve, or vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', "Hangman's fracture"]

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Hangman's fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to describe outcomes of a technique of @entity365 repair that used AlloDerm graft (LifeCell, Branchburg, NJ) in @entity1 with recurrent stage II or with primary or recurrent stage III/ @entity3133 . STUDY DESIGN: This was an observational study. Thirty-three @entity1 underwent a @entity365 repair using AlloDerm graft. Anterior @entity3133 was staged using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system preoperatively and every 6 months after surgery. Recurrence of prolapse, changes in functional status (urinary symptoms, prolapse symptoms, and sexual activity), and complications were recorded. Objective failure was defined as recurrent anterior @entity3133 , stage II or greater, and subjective failure as symptomatic recurrent anterior @entity3133 . Life-table analysis evaluated objective and subjective failure. Risk factors for recurrent anterior @entity3133 were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age was 65.2 years and 93% of the @entity1 were white. Preoperatively, 6 @entity1 had recurrent stage II, 24 @entity1 had stage III, and 3 @entity1 had stage @entity3133 . The median length of follow-up was 18 months. Postoperatively, 12 @entity1 had asymptomatic stage II anterior @entity3133 (not beyond the hymen) develop, and 1 @entity1 had symptomatic stage II prolapse develop. Thus, there were 13 (41%) objective failures and 1 (3%) subjective failure. Life-table analysis demonstrated the cumulative probability of an objective failure was 0.24 at 1 year and 0.50 at 2, 3, and 4 years. The cumulative probability of a subjective failure was 0.00 at 1 and 2 years and 0.11 at 3 and 4 years. No risk factors for objective failure were identified. Voiding complaints resolved in 11 of 14 (79%) @entity1 (P=.004), @entity322 symptoms resolved in 17 of 19 (89%) @entity1 (P<.001), and urgency symptoms resolved in 20 of 23 (87%) @entity1 (P<.001) (all two-tailed Fisher exact test). Twenty-one @entity1 (64%) were sexually active, and none complained of @entity86 . Complications included 1 case of febrile morbidity, 1 cystotomy, and 1 anterior wall breakdown secondary to @entity1410 formation caused by heparin therapy. No other erosions or rejections were seen. CONCLUSION: @entity365 repair with AlloDerm graft in @entity1 with recurrent stage II or stage III/ @entity3133 is safe and has good subjective but only fair objective success within the first 2 years.

title: XXXX repair with an AlloDerm graft.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3133 :: ('MESH:D014596', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal wall prolapse', 'IV anterior vaginal wall prolapse']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal paravaginal', 'Vaginal paravaginal']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['Vaginal paravaginal']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity209 are at increased risk of developing @entity65 . The combinations of the haplotype created by the alleles of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): SNP-43, -19, and -63 of the @entity40759 gene ( @entity40759 ), have been reported to be associated with the risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 in many populations. The aim of this study was to examine the association of the @entity40759 polymorphism with @entity209 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in Korea. Overall, 382 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were enrolled in this study. All the subjects were genotyped according to @entity40759 SNP-43, -19, and -63. The restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for the three SNPs. The baseline presence of components of @entity209 was determined. Two hundred and sixty-five (69.4%) @entity1 had @entity209 . @entity1 with the 111/121 haplotype combination showed a higher risk of @entity101 than the other haplotype combinations (odd ratio (OR)=2.334, P=0.010). @entity1 with the 111/121 haplotype combination had a significantly high risk of @entity209 (OR=1.927, P=0.042). The results of this study suggest that a novel 111/121 haplotype combination created by the @entity40759 SNP-43, -19, and -63 increases the susceptibility to the @entity209 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Haplotype combination of @entity40759 gene polymorphism is associated with @entity209 in @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Reorganisation of the motor cortex may occur after limb amputation or @entity1566 . In @entity1 , @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) shows expansion of motor cortical representations of muscles proximal to the injury. Similarly, @entity616 of the hand can increase acutely the representation of the biceps muscle, measured by increased biceps motor potentials evoked by @entity9808 . It is thought that this increase occurs at the expense of the cortical representation of the paralysed and deafferented hand muscles but this has never been investigated. To study what changes occur in the cortical representation of the hand muscles during @entity616 , a @entity5335 microelectrode was inserted into the ulnar or median nerve above the elbow and the size of the neural potential elicited by @entity9808 in fascicles supplying the hand was measured in seven subjects. Prior to ischaemia, @entity9808 evoked EMG responses in the intrinsic hand muscles. In the nerve, a brief motor potential preceded the response in the muscle and was followed by a contraction-induced sensory potential. During 40 min of ischaemia produced by a blood pressure cuff inflated around the forearm to 210 mmHg, the EMG response to @entity9808 and the sensory potential from the hand were progressively blocked. However, the motor neural evoked potential showed a significant increase in amplitude during the ischaemic period (30.5 %, P = 0.005). The increase in the neural potential suggests that output to the hand evoked from the cortex by @entity9808 was not decreased by @entity616 . Thus, we conclude that the increased response of biceps to @entity9808 during distal ischaemia is not accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the motor cortical representation of the hand.

title: Cortically evoked neural volleys to the XXXX hand are increased during @entity616 of the forearm.

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity5847 in childhood is caused by @entity327 type b. The usual antibiotic treatment at the Royal @entity1 's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria is a five day course of @entity2755 . Increasingly, third generation cephalosporins are being used to treat invasive @entity327 type b infections and preliminary data suggest that they can be used successfully for @entity5847 . In a prospective, randomised trial, the efficacy of a short course (two days) of @entity2756 was compared with that of five days of @entity2755 for the treatment of @entity5847 . The ability of these treatment regimens to eradicate @entity327 type b from the throat was also studied. Fifty five @entity1 were enrolled over an 18 month period. @entity5847 was diagnosed clinically and confirmed on inspection of the @entity2582 at direct laryngoscopy. Fifty three (96%) of 55 @entity1 had @entity327 type b detected from at least one site: 44/52 (85%) from blood cultures, 41/47 (87%) from throat swab, and 6/8 (75%) as @entity327 type b urinary antigen. @entity1 were randomised to receive either @entity2756 100 mg/kg intravenously followed by a single dose of 50 mg/kg 24 hours later (28 @entity1 ), or @entity2755 40 mg/kg intravenously, then 25 mg/kg eight hourly for five days, intravenously then by mouth (27 @entity1 ). All household contacts and @entity1 receiving @entity2755 received @entity1215 20 mg/kg daily for four days. Index @entity1 randomised to @entity2756 were not treated with @entity1215 . There was no significant difference in outcome between the two groups with respect to the mean duration of @entity221 , the duration of intubation, or the length of hospital admission. The proportion of @entity1 colonised with @entity327 type b four weeks after discharge was not significantly different between the two groups: @entity2756 5/22 (23%) versus @entity2755 and @entity1215 3/23 (13%). A short course of @entity2756 was successful in treating all @entity1 with no significant side effects and no relapses. A short course of @entity2756 is a safe, efficacious, and economic alternative to the standard treatment in @entity1 with @entity5847 .

title: Successful treatment of @entity5847 with two doses of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity5847 :: ('MESH:D004826', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottitis', 'Epiglottitis']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

answer: @entity2756 :: (MESH:D002443,Chemical) :: ['ceftriaxone']


abstract: @entity11 are among the rarest @entity1313 , and they have the worst prognosis. Grade IV @entity816 , known as @entity463 ( @entity463 ), is a highly lethal disease where the standard therapies of surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy, cannot significantly prolong the life expectancy of the @entity1 . @entity5 recurrence shows more aggressive form compared to the primary @entity5 , and results in @entity1 survival from 12 to 15 months only. Although still controversial, the @entity5 stem cell hypothesis postulates that @entity5 stem cells are responsible for early relapse of the disease after surgical intervention due to their high resistance to therapy. Alternative strategies for @entity463 therapy are thus urgently needed. Nanobodies are single-domain antigen-binding fragments of heavy-chain antibodies, and together with classical antibodies, they are part of the camelid immune system. Nanobodies are small and stable, and they share a high degree of sequence identity to the @entity1 heavy chain variable domain, and these characteristics offer them advantages over classical antibodies or antibody fragments. We first immunised an @entity7858 with a @entity1 @entity463 stem-like cell line prepared from primary @entity463 cultures. Next, a nanobody library was constructed in a phage-display vector. Using nanobody phage-display technology, we selected specific @entity463 stem-like cell binders through a number of affinity selections, using whole cell protein extracts and membrane protein-enriched extracts from eight different @entity463 @entity1 , and membrane protein-enriched extracts from two established @entity463 stem-like cell lines (NCH644 and NCH421K cells). After the enrichment, periplasmic extract ELISA was used to screen for specific clones. These nanobody clones were recloned into the pHEN6 vector, expressed in @entity526 WK6, and purified using immobilised metal affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. Specific nanobody:antigen pairs were obtained and mass spectrometry analysis revealed two proteins, @entity42364 and b-actin, that were up-regulated in the @entity463 stem-like cells compared to the controls.

title: @entity42364 and b-Actin Identified via Nanobody-Based Reverse Proteomics Approach as Possible XXXX Glioblastoma Biomarkers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']