abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrence of @entity628 ( @entity628 ) in pediatric kidney allografts is associated with poor graft survival. Several therapeutic regimens have been proposed, with conflicting results. METHODS: Ten pediatric @entity1 with recurrent @entity628 after kidney transplantation were treated with a protocol of @entity1667 (MP) infusions in combination with @entity205 (CsA)-based immunosuppression. The @entity1 received a drug regimen with infusions of 20 mg/kg MP on three consecutive days at week 1, week 3, and week 5, and then monthly until six months after transplantation. If a complete or partial remission (PR) was obtained, MP pulse continued every three months until 24 months after transplantation. The @entity870 dose was adjusted according to AUC0-4. RESULTS: Seven of 10 @entity1 (70%) achieved complete remission (CR) with stable renal function within 18 months of beginning of treatment. One of two @entity1 with PR entered CR 3.5 yr after transplantation. One @entity1 lost her graft due to recurrence four months after transplantation. After observation for 26-119 months, seven @entity1 maintained remission with normal glomerular filtration rate. Few major side effects were observed in association with the high-dose MP infusion therapy. CONCLUSIONS: MP infusion therapy in combination with CsA-based immunosuppression could be safe and effective in treating recurrent @entity628 after kidney transplantation.

title: Combination of pulse @entity1667 infusions with @entity205 -based immunosuppression is safe and effective to treat recurrent XXXX after pediatric kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: After a short historical introduction, the current state of knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the mucociliary system is reviewed. Description and discussion of the clinical and experimental methods of investigation and measurement of the mucociliary transport and of the ciliary activity then follow. Light and electron microscopy are also considered. Next, the pathology, pathophysiology and pharmacology of the mucociliary system are reported. The introduction ends with the consideration of specific diseases related to the mucociliary system, such as the @entity36064 . The main interest of this investigation is directed to changes in the ciliary epithelium in @entity5 . Therefore the literature relevant to physiology is critically evaluated. Pilot studies of the method used for investigating the physiology of the ciliary epithelium were mainly undertaken on the more accessible nasal mucosa as a model for ciliary epithelium. The use of the @entity8021 test for demonstration of nasal mucociliary transport is thoroughly assessed and the suitability of a new, improved, marking substance was tested. The quantification of cell types for cytological assessment of nasal smears under the phase contrast microscope was appraised. The method of determination of ciliary frequency by microphotometry was evaluated critically by a series of experiments. The author's electron microscopic findings on ciliary epithelium taken from @entity1 larynges affected with @entity5 are also discussed. After these pilot studies the method of the @entity8021 test and the cytological smear appeared to be unsuitable for oncological investigations. Therefore, mucociliary transport in the subglottic space of 75 @entity1 larynges excised for @entity5 was investigated by the development of a suitable method. This method demonstrated abnormal mucociliary transport pathways. Investigations of the normal pathway of mucociliary transport in the larynx were obtained in animal experiments and by endoscopic investigations in @entity1 .

title: Physiology and pathology of the mucociliary system. Special regards to mucociliary transport in malignant lesions of the XXXX larynx.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal malignancies', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity36064 :: ('MESH:D002925', 'Disease') :: ['immotile cilia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the blood pressure (BP) response to exercise in normotensive @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 75 normotensive subjects with type 2 @entity6 (group 1), and 70 age-gender matched normotensive healthy volunteers (group 2). Treadmill exercise test, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) were performed for each @entity1 and healthy volunteers. RESULTS: There were 67 @entity1 (mean age 52    9 years and 42% male) in group 1 and 68 healthy volunteers (mean age 51    7 years and 43% male) in group 2. Eight @entity1 from group 1 and 2 subjects from group 2 were excluded because of high BP on ABPM. Groups were similar for @entity13519 (DBP) on office measurements and on ABPM. Groups were similar for rest @entity13519 , @entity11559 , heart rate, exercise duration on exercise test. Peak @entity13519 was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2, but peak DBP was not (196.9    18 vs 165.9    18.6 mmHg, p<0.001; 88.1    11.6 vs 86.2    8.7 mmHg, p = 0.283, respectively). @entity101 ( @entity101 ) was more frequent in group 1 than in group 2 [39 (58%) vs 6 (9%), p<0.001]. Independent predictors of peak @entity13519 were @entity6 , office @entity13519 and male gender, while independent predictors of @entity101 were @entity6 , office @entity13519 and age in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13519 response to exercise is exaggerated in normotensive @entity6 @entity1 compared with non- @entity6 subjects. @entity6 , office @entity13519 and male gender are independent predictors of peak @entity13519 . @entity6 , office @entity13519 and age are independent predictors of @entity101 .

title: Blood pressure response to exercise is exaggerated in normotensive XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HRE', 'Hypertensive response to exercise']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity13519 :: ('8991', 'Gene') :: ['systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP', 'SBP']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Silicone @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) are commonly used for multiple intravenous infusions and blood sampling in chronically ill @entity1 , particularly @entity5 @entity1 . These devices are susceptible to malfunctions most commonly characterized by difficulty infusing fluids or withdrawing blood. We hypothesized that the incidence of such malfunctions is primarily related to the position of the catheter tip relative to the superior vena cava/right atrial junction. METHODS: We reviewed medical records for 141 @entity1 in whom silicone @entity1211 were used. Chest radiographs obtained following catheter insertion were reviewed by a single radiologist to rule out pneumothorax and determine the position of the catheter tip. Other potential factors included in the analysis were catheter brand, the vein into which the catheter was inserted, and the side (right or left). A malfunction was defined as resistance to @entity1671 or infusion of a substance, complete inability to infuse a substance, resistance to blood aspiration attempts, or absence of blood return with aspiration, occurring any time during which the catheter was in place. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine which factor(s) most strongly predicted catheter malfunction. RESULTS: Catheter tip location was the only factor that was statistically predictive of malfunctions (coefficient 0.842, P < 0.001). A significant @entity101 was observed in cases where the catheter tip was located greater than 4 cm superior to the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava (z-test of proportions, P = 0.003). Malfunctions were minimized in those cases where the catheter tip was located in the right atrium. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that malfunctions can be minimized in silicone venous access catheters by locating the catheter tip as close to the superior vena cava/right atrial junction as possible, or slightly inside the right atrium. To ensure proper location of the catheter tip, placement should be performed under fluoroscopy, and a radiograph should be obtained immediately following placement, with the @entity1 in the upright position.

title: Silicone XXXX positioned with their tips high in the superior vena cava are more likely to malfunction.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in malfunctions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VADs', 'venous access devices']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous access devices']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proximity to major roads is reported to be associated with @entity565 and airway @entity2915 in @entity1 . Similar studies using objective measurements in adults are not available in Canada. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that adult @entity748 @entity1 who live close to major roads and highways in an urban environment are at a risk of moderate to severe airway @entity2915 . METHODS: Airway responsiveness was determined using @entity2710 bronchial provocation (PC(20)) tests in a cohort of 2625 @entity1 who attended an outpatient clinic in Hamilton, Ontario. @entity1 addresses were geocoded in a geographic information system to determine proximity to major roads and highways. Multivariate linear and multinomial regression analyses were used to assess whether proximity to roads was a risk factor for airway @entity2915 as measured by PC(20) @entity2710 . RESULTS: @entity1 who lived within 200 m of a major road had increased odds (OR 1.38 [95% CI 1.04 to 1.85]) of having moderate airway hyperresponsiveness (0.25 mg   mL <PC(20) <2.0 mg/mL) compared with having a normal response (PC(20) >16 mg/mL). Spatial analysis also revealed that the majority of @entity1 with severe airway @entity2915 lived within the urban core of the city while those with moderate to mild @entity2915 were also dispersed in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: In an adult population of @entity1 attending an outpatient respiratory clinic in Hamilton, living close to major roadways was associated with an increased risk of moderate airway @entity2915 . This correlation suggests that exposure to traffic emissions may provoke the pathology of airway @entity2915 leading to variable airflow obstruction.

title: Proximity to major roadways is a risk factor for airway XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-responsiveness']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['hyper-responsiveness']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity548 and @entity715 predisposing to @entity583 , @entity881 , and @entity1031 account for the majority of the morbidity and mortality associated with repair of ruptured and nonruptured @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). The aim of this study was to examine coagulation and fibrinolysis in @entity1 operated on for ruptured and nonruptured infrarenal @entity1028 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 operated on for ruptured and 9 @entity1 operated on for nonruptured @entity1028 were studied. Tissue plasminogen activator ( @entity3479 ) antigen, thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), and D-dimer were measured before induction of anesthesia. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, @entity3479 activity, and prothrombin fragment (PF) 1+2 were measured before induction of anesthesia, immediately before aortic clamp release, and 5 minutes and 24 hours after aortic clamp release. RESULTS: Preoperatively, @entity397 was associated with significantly elevated @entity3479 antigen (median 15.7 ng/mL, range 9. 0 to 22.1 ng/mL versus nonrupture: median 6.6 ng/mL, range 4.7 to 16. 4 ng/mL; P <.01, Mann-Whitney test), increased PAI activity (median 36.5 arbitrary units/mL, range 20.6 to 38.8 arbitrary units/mL versus nonrupture: median 8.2 arbitrary units/mL, range 3.2 to 21.7 arbitrary units/mL; P <.001), reduced @entity3479 activity (median 0.12 IU/mL, range 0.06 to 0.4 IU/mL versus nonrupture: median 0.49 IU/mL, range 0.14 to 3.2 IU/mL; P <.01), elevated TAT (median 135.5 microg/L, range 61.2 to 209.4 microg/L versus nonrupture: median 21. 6 microg/L, range 6.6 to 180.4 microg/L; P <.02) and elevated PF 1+2 (median 9.0 nmol/L, range 5.4 to 11.6 nmol/L versus nonrupture: median 2.2 nmol/L, range 0.7 to 7.1 nmol/L, P <.001). There was no significant difference in preoperative D-dimer levels (median 3460 ng/mL, range 1236 to 7860 ng/mL versus nonrupture: median 1642 ng/mL, range 728 to 5334 ng/mL; P =.07). The differences in PAI activity, @entity3479 activity, and PF 1+2 persisted throughout the course of surgery, but there was no significant difference between the groups at 24 hours. CONCLUSION: These novel data demonstrate that @entity397 repair is associated with inhibition of systemic fibrinolysis and intense thrombin generation. Similar changes are seen in nonruptured AAA but are of a lesser magnitude. This procoagulant state may contribute to the microvascular and macrovascular @entity715 that leads to @entity583 , @entity881 , and @entity1031 .

title: Coagulation and fibrinolysis in XXXX undergoing operation for ruptured and nonruptured @entity1028 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To substantiate the high incidence of @entity27358 ( @entity27358 ) in @entity1820 already reported in a small group of @entity1 ; to compare the clinical findings in esterase deficient and esterase positive @entity1 . METHODS: Peripheral blood smears (n = 22) or cytocentrifuge preparations (n = 52) of mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity1820 were stained by the non-specific esterase stain (pH 5.8) using a batch technique. Samples containing > or = 85% esterase negative monocytes were identified at light microscopic examination. RESULTS: Seven of 74 @entity1 were identified as having @entity27358 . This correlated exactly with the proportion (five of 46) found before, using an automated method, and was significantly higher than the 0.8% incidence in normal blood donors shown in that study. Comparison of the clinical details of the 12 @entity27358 @entity1 with those of 105 esterase positive @entity1 showed a significantly longer disease free survival in the @entity27358 cohort and increased occurrence of @entity5 --largely colorectal polyps--in this group also. Three @entity1 had a @entity20546 and were excluded from comparisons, although they showed the same clinical tendencies as the @entity27358 group. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong degree of association between monocyte esterase @entity1820 . Further evidence must be sought to prove that the @entity942 and therefore may predispose to it, or at least may identify subjects with such a predisposition. This could lead to early diagnosis and effective treatment of @entity1820 in a sizeable proportion of @entity1 .

title: XXXX in @entity1820 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity20546 :: ('MESH:D012569', 'Disease') :: ['borderline degree of deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency and gastrointestinal carcinoma', 'gastrointestinal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency precedes the disease']

entities_list: @entity27358 :: ('MESH:C566173', 'Disease') :: ['MED', 'monocyte esterase deficiency']

answer: @entity27358 :: (MESH:C566173,Disease) :: ['Monocyte esterase deficiency']


abstract: The aims of the present study were to assess the occupational risk of welders using analysis of metals in biological fluids, DNA damage evaluation by complementary genotoxic endpoints and the incidence of polymorphisms in DNA repair genes. A biomonitoring study was conducted that included biometrology (blood and urinary concentrations of @entity5715 , @entity3409 , @entity3407 , @entity1953 , lead, @entity921 , @entity3406 , @entity219 by @entity428 ), comet and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays in peripheral lymphocytes and genetic polymorphisms of @entity20319 ( @entity20322 ) and @entity20823 ( @entity32271 ). This study included 60 male welders divided into two groups: group 1 working without any collective protection device and group 2 equipped with smoke extraction systems. A control group (n = 30) was also included in the study. Higher @entity3407 , lead and @entity3406 blood and urinary concentrations were detected in the two groups of welders compared to controls. Statistically differences between welders of group 1 and group 2 were found for blood concentration of @entity1953 and urinary concentrations of @entity5715 , @entity3407 , lead and @entity3406 . The alkaline comet assay revealed that welders had a significant increase of OTMchi2 distribution at the end of a work week compared to the beginning; a significant induction of DNA strand breaks at the end of the week was observed in 20 welders out of 30. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay showed that welders of group 1 had a higher frequency of chromosomal damage than controls. The @entity20319 variant allele coding @entity7647 amino acid at position 399 was found to be associated with a higher number of DNA breaks as revealed by the comet assay. Increased metal concentrations in biological fluids, DNA breaks and chromosomal damage in lymphocytes emphasized the need to develop safety programmes for welders.

title: Risk assessment of welders using analysis of eight metals by XXXX in blood and urine and DNA damage evaluation by the comet and micronucleus assays; influence of @entity20319 and @entity20823 polymorphisms.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity20322 :: ('p|SUB|R|399|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg399Gln']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity32271 :: ('p|SUB|T|241|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Thr241Met']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['ICP-MS']


abstract: This study measured the effect of precise doses of @entity5997 (AAF) in inducing DNA damage, functional changes and neoplastic conversion in @entity35 liver. Groups of male F344 @entity35 at 9 weeks of age were exposed to cumulative doses of 0.5 or 2.0 mmol AAF per kg body weight given by gavage daily 5 days per week over an 8-week period and maintained with no further exposure for up to 8 weeks. Administration of AAF resulted in the formation of @entity21231 in liver DNA in relationship to dose. In centrilobular hepatocytes the zone of @entity1160 synthetase-expressing cells was reduced by exposure. By 8 weeks, but not at 4 weeks, the higher of the two doses of AAF provoked an increase in cell proliferation measured by immunohistochemical incorporation of @entity1603 . Altered hepatocellular foci expressing the placental form of @entity2041 transferase were induced by the high dose of AAF at 4 weeks, but not at the low dose. At 8 weeks the incidence of foci at the high dose was 79 times that induced by the low dose. These foci were highly proliferative. In animals exposed to AAF for 8 weeks and maintained for 4 weeks with no exposure, DNA adducts decreased by 80% and cell proliferation subsided by 80%, although the @entity1160 synthetase zone remained diminished. After discontinuation of AAF, the number of foci diminished by 50% and their proliferation subsided by 80% at 4 weeks, indicating a phenotypic reversion of many foci. With this protocol of administration of precise doses of AAF, we have established non-linearity of effects and a lack of correlation between DNA adduct formation and induction of cellular lesions. We suggest that doses in the range of those reported can be used to study the contribution of epigenetic and genotoxic effects in @entity105 and to study threshold events.

title: Dose response effects of @entity5997 on DNA damage, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and neoplastic conversion in XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity21231 :: ('MESH:C031838', 'Chemical') :: ['N-deoxyguanosin-(8-yl)-2-aminofluorene']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5997 :: ('MESH:D015073', 'Chemical') :: ['2-acetylaminofluorene']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cholera caused by @entity1838 biotype eltor (EVC) is an @entity66 , subsiding in winter and reappearing in spring and summer. Investigating the state of EVC during the intermittent time is of crucial importance in controlling this disease. METHODS: Different factors mimicking the internal and external environmental conditions of the host, including @entity1 and fish bile, bacterial phages and antibiotics were used experimentally to induce variation in EVC. EVC variants were isolated from the stool of @entity294 @entity1 and river water in old endemic areas during the winter. The variants obtained were tested with gene probe hybridization, DNA restriction enzyme mapping, immunoenzyme staining and animal passaging. RESULTS: Due to the loss of cell walls, 3 kinds of EVC variants were obtained during induction: the L-form variant, with a complete loss of cell walls; the nonagglutinating variants, with the loss of surface O-antigen; the phage-resistant variants, with the loss of phage receptors. Similar variants were found in field isolation. This variation was proved to be phenotypic, with no change in genetic material: it was reversible and appeared in a seasonal pattern, which coincided with the endemicity of this disease. Passage in animal enhanced this reversion. In compensation for the loss of cell walls, cell membranes were greatly thickened, increasing the ability of the variants to survive during the unfavorable winter conditions. CONCLUSIONS: EVC varied in a seasonal pattern, coincident with the endemicity of this disease. The compensatory thickening of the cell membranes protects the EVC variants to survive the winter.

title: [A new look at the mechanism of cholera endemicity caused by XXXX biotype eltor].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: For clinical application of adoptive immunotherapy, it is necessary to prepare a sufficient number of @entity5 specific effector cells. A large amount of peripheral blood lymphocytes was obtained by leukapheresis using a Heamonetics V50 pheresis system. @entity5 - and lymphokine-activated killer (ATLAK) cells were induced by autologous mixed @entity5 cell culture (autologous MLTC) and further activation with recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ). Another problem was the difficulty of obtaining a sufficient number of highly activated effector cells to reach the target @entity5 tissue. Direct infusion of effector cells into a feeding artery was effective for cell accumulation in the target. ATLAK cells were infused into maxillary artery in 4 @entity1 with @entity957 . The results indicated that the therapy was effective for reduction of the @entity5 mass. After immunotherapy, surgery was performed and the tissues were histologically examined. @entity5 cells and intensive infiltration by mononuclear cells and macrophages were seen in the surrounding fibrous tissue. However, the quantity of fresh @entity5 cells available from open biopsy was limited. Allogeneic cultured @entity5 cell line was used as stimulator of lymphocytes instead of @entity5 cells. The killing activity of the allogeneic @entity5 and lymphokine activated killer (Allo-TLAK) cells was significantly induced against the @entity5 cells. Antitumor effect was observed in 5 out of 9 @entity1 . Side effects were minor, such as slight fever and @entity1503 , which may be due to the @entity5041 function. These results indicate that this method of therapy is an effective form of adoptive immunotherapy.

title: [Adoptive immunotherapy by intra-arterial infusion of ATLAK or Allo-TLAK cells in XXXX with head and neck cancer].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor', 'Degenerated tumor', 'Autologous tumor', 'lymphocyte tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood eosinophilia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the possibility of reducing the volume of @entity968 ( @entity970 )-electrolyte solution using adjunctive @entity21087 for colonoscopy preparation. METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded, non-inferiority study involving 252 @entity1 of both sexes, aged from 20 to 80 years, scheduled for screening or diagnostic colonoscopy in our department. A total of 126 @entity1 was randomized to receive 1.5 L @entity970 -electrolyte solution plus 15 mg of @entity21087 (1.5 L group), and 126 received 2 L @entity970 -electrolyte solution plus 15 mg of @entity21087 (2 L group). @entity1 completed a questionnaire on the acceptability and tolerability of the bowel preparation process. The efficacy of bowel preparation was assessed using a 5-point scale based on the Aronchick scale. The primary end point was adequate bowel preparation rates (score of excellent/good/fair) vs (poor/inadequate). Acceptability and tolerability, as well as disease detection, were secondary end points. RESULTS: A total of 244 @entity1 was included in the analysis. There were no significant differences between the 2 L and 1.5 L groups in age, sex, body mass index, number of previous colonoscopies, and the preparation method used previously. The adequate bowel preparation rates were 88.5% in the 2 L group and 82.8% in the 1.5 L group [95% lower confidence limit (LCL) for the difference = -14.5%, non-inferiority P = 0.019] in the right colon. In the left colon, the adequate bowel preparation rates were 89.3% in the 2 L group and 81.1% in the 1.5 L group (95% LCL = -17.0%, non-inferiority P = 0.066). Compliance, defined as complete (100%) intake of the @entity970 solution, was significantly higher in the 1.5 L group than in the 2 L group (96.8% vs 85.7%, P = 0.002). The proportion of abdominal distension (none/mild/moderate/severe) was significantly lower in the 1.5 L group than in the 2 L group (36/65/22/3 vs 58/48/18/2, P = 0.040). Within the subgroup who had undergone colonoscopy previously, a significantly higher number of @entity1 in the 1.5 L group than in the 2 L group felt that the current preparation was easier than the previous one (54.1% vs 28.0%, P = 0.001). The disease detection rate was not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although the 1.5 L group had better acceptability and tolerability, 15 mg of @entity21087 may be insufficient to compensate for a 0.5-L reduction of @entity970 solution.

title: Can XXXX citrate reduce the volume of lavage solution for colonoscopy preparation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity21087 :: ('MESH:C062720', 'Chemical') :: ['mosapride', 'mosapride citrate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity21087 :: (MESH:C062720,Chemical) :: ['mosapride']


abstract: In this paper, a procedure for the determination of an anatomically oriented coordinate system of the femoral neck (NCS) in 3D spiral CT datasets is described. The origin of the NCS is centered in the minimal cross-sectional area of the neck. Its three axes are defined as follows: the so called neck @entity2270 is perpendicular to this area and points towards the femoral head, the second @entity2270 is the principal @entity2270 of the minimal cross-sectional area and the third @entity2270 is perpendicular to the other two. After a semi-automatic 3D segmentation of the proximal femur the NCS is automatically determined in a two-step minimization procedure. Relative to the coordinate system volumes of interest (VOIs) are positioned in which @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and cortical @entity121 are analyzed. We investigated intra- and inter-operator precision of the position of the NCS, the @entity79 in cortical and trabecular VOIs, and cortical @entity121 in nine pelvic CT datasets obtained from clinical routine examinations. We further investigated the effect of increased noise by adding Gaussian distributed noise to measured projections before tomographic reconstruction. The mean precision error (averaged form the results of the nine datasets) of the NCS position was less than 0.5 mm and smaller than 2.25 degrees . There were no significant differences between inter- and intra-operator analyses. Precision errors in trabecular @entity79 were smaller than 3% in a stack of five 1 mm thin slices cut perpendicularly to the neck @entity2270 and smaller than 1% in a spherical VOI encompassing the neck. Relative precision errors for cortical @entity79 were smaller than 3% for both VOIs. An increase of noise up to a factor of 5 caused a maximal displacement of the NCS origin position by less than 1mm and a rotation by less than 2 degrees .

title: An anatomic coordinate system of the femoral neck for highly reproducible XXXX measurements using 3D QCT.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['BMD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gum arabic, a high-molecular-weight natural polysaccharide, has been shown to have proabsorptive properties in animal models of @entity344 that involve @entity842 (NO). Gum arabic may indirectly regulate NO metabolism by creating an outward NO gradient, thus altering other intracellular NO-dependent mechanisms such as gating of the @entity972 (K+) channel. This hypothesis was further investigated using the K+ channel blocker, @entity5217 . METHODS: Following intraperitoneal injection of 4.5 mg/kg @entity5217 or saline, the jejunum of anesthetized @entity35 was perfused with a standard oral rehydration solution in the presence or absence of 2.5 g/L gum arabic, as well as 1 mmol/L @entity534 to enhance NO production. @entity1372 , net water, and @entity413 absorption and unidirectional water movement were determined. RESULTS: Gum arabic showed regulatory capacity for NO-dependent metabolism by reducing net water absorption in the absence of @entity369 , and @entity1372 absorption after @entity369 stimulation, in the absence of @entity5217 . Addition of gum arabic to oral rehydration solution, in @entity5217 pretreated animals, and in the absence of @entity369 , normalized @entity1372 absorption, but was less effective in restoring net water transport. Injection of @entity5217 sharply decreased all absorption markers in @entity369 supplemented oral rehydration solution, which were at least partially restored by addition of gum arabic to the oral rehydration solution. In the presence of @entity5217 , the effects of @entity369 became antiabsorptive, as had those observed in preceding studies with high @entity369 concentration. Gum arabic partially or fully reversed alterations produced by perfused 1 mmol/L @entity369 . CONCLUSIONS: Some of the effects of gum arabic on the small intestine are likely caused by its ability to remove NO as it diffuses into the lumen, thus reducing NO concentration in the enterocyte and indirectly affecting the absorptive/secretory response of the gut, which leads to normalization of absorptive function. These findings are consistent with the previously shown gum arabic-scavenging properties of NO and support a potential therapeutic role for this product.

title: Proabsorptive action of gum arabic: regulation of XXXX metabolism in the basolateral @entity972 channel of the small intestine.

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glybenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: In an effort to blunt the inflammatory response following injury, we studied the effects of antihistamines on joint stiffness and @entity79 after periarticular @entity174 . The hind limbs of 37 New Zealand white @entity95 were instrumented with intramedullary Steinmann pins to allow immobilization after creating a @entity174 . After periarticular @entity1171 , the @entity95 were divided into groups to receive @entity17567 , low-dose @entity9691 , high-dose @entity9691 , or no @entity16206 . @entity16206 was administered for the first 5 days after @entity174 . At 3 weeks after @entity174 , the @entity95 treated with antihistamines showed a significant @entity2720 compared to control animals. To determine if @entity16206 also retarded @entity79 , an additional 12 New Zealand white @entity95 underwent bilateral drilling of the midshaft of the femur with a 2.5 mm Steinmann pin. Six animals received oral @entity9691 , and six served as controls. After 5 weeks of cage activity, the animals treated with the @entity16206 showed a significant decrease in energy to failure of the femurs on torsional testing. Qualitative microscopic examination revealed less mature callus at the site of the femoral @entity154 in those animals treated with the @entity9691 . @entity16206 may have heretofore unconsidered benefits in preventing post-traumatic joint stiffness but may slow healing of associated @entity130 .

title: Effects of antihistamines on joint stiffness and XXXX after periarticular @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cortical defect']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['Antihistamine', 'antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal tibia fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in joint stiffness']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpheniramine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bony injuries']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone healing']


abstract: @entity1118 is a debilitating condition that is associated with many common diseases; this places a major burden on the healthcare system. There are currently numerous analgesic agents available for the treatment of @entity1118 . In general, the oral non-opioid analgesic, @entity1443 , is recommended for the initial treatment of mild to moderate @entity158 . Therapeutic doses of @entity1443 do not appear to result in hepatotoxicity, although @entity1445 may lead to @entity879 . Current data suggest that @entity1443 has acceptable gastrointestinal tolerability. Another class of non-opioid analgesic with confirmed efficacy for the treatment of chronic mild to moderate @entity158 are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), although this efficacy is offset by the potential of adverse gastrointestinal events. In particular, non-selective NSAIDs, also known as cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, carry an increased risk of serious upper @entity344 , including ulcers, perforation and @entity548 . The introduction of @entity2247 inhibitors provided a NSAID-based option with improved gastrointestinal safety, but increased risk of cardiovascular effects. Opioids are powerful analgesic agents used to treat moderate to severe @entity1118 . However, treatment with opioids is associated with a number of common adverse effects, including @entity1142 , @entity390 or @entity391 , @entity111 , @entity2147 or @entity73 , @entity2133 , tolerance or @entity734 and urinary retention. Although there are multiple strategies in place to manage adverse events that arise from both non-opioid and opioid analgesic therapy, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of specific drug-related adverse effects is required along with proper prescribing practices and adequate physician/ @entity1 education. Balanced against the adverse effects of @entity158 management medications, there is a need to be mindful of the widespread, often serious, adverse consequences of poorly managed @entity158 itself.

title: Adverse effects associated with non-opioid and opioid treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: Termination of pregnancy for @entity854 has become frequent with the increasing sophistication of techniques of antenatal diagnosis. The aim of this study was to obtain quantitative and qualitative information about @entity146 morbidity in @entity1 after termination of pregnancy for @entity854 . Two samples of @entity1 were compared. The first consisted of 71 @entity1 who had had a termination of pregnancy for @entity854 (FA group). The second consisted of 26 @entity1 who had experienced so-called missed abortion (MA group). Both groups had lost a pregnancy in the mid-trimester of pregnancy, but the MA group had no element of choice. Standardized @entity146 and social measures were used to assess both groups on three occasions after the termination. In both groups, 4 weeks after the termination @entity146 morbidity was high (four to five times higher than in the general population of @entity1 ), and social adjustment was impaired. Six months and 12 months after the abortion, levels of @entity146 morbidity were near normal. Semi-structured interviewing was used to obtain information about the experience of grief after mid-trimester termination. For many @entity1 , symptoms of grief persisted throughout the year. These symptoms included typical features of grief as well as grief symptoms specific to pregnancy loss. The findings have implications for the counselling of @entity1 after termination for @entity854 or after missed abortion.

title: Psychiatric outcome of termination of pregnancy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['foetal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['foetal abnormality']


abstract: The effects of @entity1425 and of splanchnic nerve activation on adrenocortical @entity2671 release were studied in intact isolated perfused @entity1707 adrenals with preserved nerve supply. In addition, long-term effects of @entity1425 were characterized in @entity291 adrenocortical cells in primary culture. To investigate the contact zones of the @entity342 -producing cells of the @entity4091 with the @entity2922 producing cells of the adrenal medulla, cortical cells were immunostained for cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage ( @entity21767 ). Perfusion of the isolated adrenals with @entity1425 (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) stimulated @entity2671 release in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 10(-6) M, @entity1425 provoked an increase to 179.11 +/- 16.14% of basal secretion (p < 0.05). Electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerves led to an increase to 151.5 +/- 9.24% of basal values (p < 0.05). @entity1425 (10(-6) M) reached 40% and activation of the splanchnic nerves 26% of the stimulatory effect of ACTH at a physiological concentration (10(-10) M). The alpha-agonist @entity2647 had no effect on @entity2671 release. In cell cultures, @entity1425 stimulated the release of @entity2671 in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 of 0.75 x 10(-6) M. The maximal effect was reached at 10(-5) M with 8.92 +/- 0.66 pmol @entity2671 /dish/24 h; the basal secretion was 1.44 +/- 0.54 pmol/dish/24 h. The @entity1425 -stimulated @entity2671 release was abolished by the beta-adrenergic antagonist @entity1169 while the alpha-adrenergic antagonist @entity5521 had no effect. Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin sections of @entity291 and porcine adrenals for @entity21767 revealed that @entity4091 and zona medullaris are closely interwoven.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sympathoadrenal regulation of adrenal XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Epinephrine', 'epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['zona reticularis']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity2671 :: (MESH:D000735,Chemical) :: ['androstenedione']


abstract: Currently, 51 @entity1 adenovirus (AdV) serotypes, which are divided into six species (A to F), are known. @entity9504 are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed individuals, particularly in allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) recipients. Any AdV species may cause life-threatening disease, but little information is available on the clinical relevance of individual serotypes. The use of serological testing for serotype identification is limited due to the impaired immune response during the posttransplant period. A new molecular approach to serotype identification is presented here that exploits variable regions within the hexon gene. All serotypes belonging to the species A, B, C, E, and F can be determined by fragment length analysis of a single PCR product. For species C, which is the most prevalent in many geographic regions, an alternative technique based on serotype-specific real-time quantitative PCR was established. Of 135 consecutive pediatric @entity1 screened for @entity9504 after allogeneic @entity8 , 40 tested positive. Detailed analysis revealed the presence of 10 different serotypes; serotypes 1 and 2 from species C (C01 and C02) showed the highest prevalence, accounting for 77% of the AdV-positive cases. Representatives of other species were observed less commonly: serotype A12 in 6.5%; serotype A31 in 4.5%; and B03, B16, C05, C06, D19, and F41 in 2%. The approach to rapid molecular serotype analysis presented here provides a basis for detailed studies on adenovirus epidemiology and on the transmission of @entity580 . Moreover, in view of the increasing importance of tailored therapy approaches, serotype identification may in the future have implications for the selection of the most appropriate antiviral treatment.

title: Typing of XXXX adenoviruses in specimens from immunosuppressed @entity1 by PCR-fragment length analysis and real-time quantitative PCR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['AdV infections']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplant']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze and evaluate the effect of treatment employing pedicle subtraction osteotomy for chronic, @entity1513 . This study included 19 @entity1 , 11 males and 8 females, with chronic, @entity1513 . Pre-operative @entity1513 ranged from 31   to 63  . The history of @entity130 ranged from 8 to 63 months. All @entity1 were treated with pedicle subtraction osteotomy. A mean 40.2   improvement in sagittal alignment was achieved with a mean correction rate of 85.8 %. Perioperative complications were encountered in two @entity1 , one with cerebrospinal fluid leakage followed by @entity281 and one with a wound @entity281 . Both were treated conservatively with antibiotics and local wound care. There were no other severe complications. The average follow-up period was 15 months (range 6-41 months). At the last follow-up, clinical symptoms and neurological function were significantly improved. Of 14 @entity1 presenting with @entity615 , VAS scores improved from a preoperative mean of 6.7 (range 5.0-8.0) to an average 2.0 (range 0-3.0) at final follow-up. No significant loss of correction was observed (loss of 1.7  ), and solid fusion was achieved in all 19 @entity1 . A single-stage posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy is a safe and effective procedure for correction of @entity1513 . Using this technique, it is possible to safely obtain no greater than 55   of correction at a single level.

title: Correction of post-traumatic thoracolumbar XXXX using pedicle subtraction osteotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'encephalitic infection']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['intractable back pain']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['kyphosis']


abstract: Aggressive dual antiplatelet therapy is associated not only with more @entity548 , @entity73 , and potentially more solid cancer rates but it also causes @entity281 risks including @entity295 , and @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). This may be especially true considering the alarming off-label use of @entity3076 . A 65-year-old white male @entity1 with a history of @entity583 treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and implantation of 2 bare metal stents, was treated with off-label @entity1397 for 4 years, including a double daily dose (150 mg) for the initial 13 months. Still on @entity1397 , the @entity1 was hospitalized with suspected @entity55 . A diagnostic cardiac catheterization revealed a 60%-70% blockage of the mid left anterior descending, but there was no need for coronary intervention. At discharge, @entity1397 75 mg/d was switched over to off-label @entity3076 10 mg/d on top of @entity117 (81 mg/d). On day 3 after @entity3076 was given, a football-sized bruise appeared on the @entity1 's lower right abdomen, but computed tomography results were unremarkable. On day 6 after administration of @entity3076 , the @entity1 became dizzy, disoriented, confused, experienced difficulty @entity1353 , severe @entity10 , @entity425 , @entity1910 covering the entire body, and @entity1353 difficulty requiring ventilation. Within 24 hours, the @entity1 was unable to correctly identify his age; his eyes were pale in color to almost colorless and when hearing a sound he would turn his entire head toward the sound and he appeared to be blind. His lungs, liver, and kidneys began to show signs of failure over the next 5-9 days. Sixteen days after the administration of the first @entity3076 dose, the @entity1 died of @entity295 complicated with @entity1850 . Aggressive off-label use of @entity1397 (double dose for 13 months, and >4 years overall duration), followed by off-label switchover to the highest daily dose (10 mg) @entity3076 may trigger @entity295 and fatal @entity1850 . The mechanism responsible for such harmful association is probably indirect, and involves the weakening of platelet-neutrophil-endothelial crosstalk necessary to combat infections, and/or keep inflammation from spreading.

title: XXXX and @entity1850 after off-label @entity3076 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity3076 :: ('MESH:C408153', 'Chemical') :: ['prasugrel']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['intensive petechial rash']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['higher infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Fatal sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether the axillary lymph nodes show enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after gadofosveset administration, to assess the time to peak enhancement, and to determine the diagnostic performance of gadofosveset-enhanced MRI for axillary nodal staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 whose conditions had been diagnosed with @entity0 (>2 cm) underwent both nonenhanced and gadofosveset-enhanced 3-dimensional T1-weighted axillary MRI. Signal intensity of the axillary lymph nodes and different adjacent tissues was measured, and relative signal intensity (rSI) was calculated. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare results of rSI between different time intervals. A radiologist evaluated all lymph nodes with regard to size, morphologic features, and gadofosveset uptake. All MRI-depicted lymph nodes were matched with the lymph nodes that were removed during surgery. Nodal status was investigated by a pathologist. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) of gadofosveset-enhanced MRI for axillary lymph node staging were calculated. RESULTS: After contrast administration, a significant signal increase was observed in the lymph nodes (P < 0.05). When compared with muscle or fat, rSI of the lymph nodes demonstrated a significant postcontrast peak enhancement between 11 minutes and 30 seconds and 20 minutes and 50 seconds (P < 0.05). A total of 152 lymph nodes were harvested during sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection, of which 116 were matched with the lymph nodes that were depicted on MRI. Histopathological examination resulted in 21 macrometastases and 8 micrometastases. Using contrast-enhanced MRI, 20 lymph nodes were rated as true positive; 83 as true negative; 4 as false positive; and 9 as false negative. This resulted in an overall node-by-node sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV of 69%, 95%, 83%, and 90%, respectively. If the micrometastases were excluded from the analysis, MRI showed a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 94%. Calculated @entity2286 and NPV were 75% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The axillary lymph nodes show enhancement on MRI after gadofosveset administration, with a peak enhancement between 11 minutes and 30 seconds and 20 minutes and 50 seconds. Diagnostic performance of gadofosveset-enhanced axillary lymph node imaging in @entity1 with @entity0 is promising, but further studies need to confirm these results.

title: Noninvasive nodal staging in @entity1 with XXXX using gadofosveset-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective was to evaluate the effect of co-implantation of a preloaded capsular tension ring (CTR) and aberration-free monofocal @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) on clinical outcomes and @entity227 after @entity231 surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who underwent @entity231 surgery were randomized into two groups that were implanted with a CTR and @entity2790 (group 1, 26 eyes) or an @entity2790 only (group 2, 26 eyes). At 1 and 3 months after surgery, visual acuity, @entity2516 , refractive prediction @entity735 , and modulation transfer function (MTF) were analyzed. At 3 months postoperatively, @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ) and contrast sensitivity were evaluated. RESULTS: Group 1 showed greater hyperopic shift, which caused the refractive prediction error at 3 months after surgery to be significantly different between the two groups (p=0.049). Differences in @entity8707 between the preoperative and postoperative periods tended to be greater in group 1 than in group 2. At 3 months postoperatively, internal MTF values at 20, 25, and 30 cycles per degree were significantly better in group 1 than in group 2 (p=0.034, 0.017, and 0.017, respectively). Contrast sensitivity showed comparable results at almost all spatial frequencies between the groups. CONCLUSION: Regarding visual acuity and quality, both groups showed comparable results. Co-implantation of a CTR and aberration-free monofocal @entity2790 was associated with hyperopic refractive outcomes. Surgeons should consider the position of the @entity2790 when planning co-implantation of a CTR and @entity2790 .

title: Effect of Co-Implantation of a Capsular Tension Ring on Clinical Outcomes after XXXX Surgery with Monofocal Intraocular Lens Implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual quality']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'anterior chamber depth']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['errors, ocular aberrations']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lens']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Molecular genetic abnormalities have been frequently described in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). These lesions have been associated with specific entities, allowing a better categorization of @entity1893 . However, these abnormalities are not as specific as initially described and their association is still unknown. DESIGN AND METHODS: By Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction, we have simultaneously analyzed the proto-oncogenes @entity4910 , @entity588 , @entity4042 , @entity517 and @entity11626 and the @entity5 suppressor genes @entity876 and @entity986 , in 100 unselected B-cell @entity1893 @entity1 at diagnosis, to establish its incidence throughout the different @entity1893 subtypes, defined both by Working Formulation and REAL classifications, and to assess the frequency of co-existence of two or more @entity74 within each individual @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty two cases displayed some @entity74 . @entity4910 , altered in 12 cases, was highly specific to @entity1073 (57% of them), but 6 cases had a different histologic subtype. @entity588 was rearranged in 26 cases: 70% in @entity706 ( @entity706 ) and 20% in diffuse large cell lymphomas; these abnormalities were also present in other subtypes, i.e. @entity706 (30%). @entity4042 abnormalities were mostly found in diffuse large cell lymphomas (29%) but also found in other subgroups, like @entity706 (14%). @entity517 rearrangements were specific to @entity2109 . @entity11626 gene was always germline. Deletions and/or rearrangements of @entity876 and @entity986 genes were rare (4% and 8% of all cases, respectively). Finally, association of @entity74 was a relatively common finding (13% of cases), especially in cases with adverse prognostic morphologies according to the REAL. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Molecular abnormalities are frequent in @entity1893 at diagnosis, not only as unique lesions but also associated. A relative high specificity of some alterations was seen, thereby contributing to a better assessment of the histological subtype.

title: Detection of single and associated lesions of the @entity4910 , @entity588 , @entity4042 , @entity517 , XXXX and @entity986 genes in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: value of molecular analysis for a better assignment of the histologic subtype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'follicular lymphomas', 'marginal lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions', 'genetic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: We studied pharmacokinetics and @entity5 response to photodynamic therapy (PDT) using @entity8793 p6 (CP6) in hamster cheek pouch model. CP6 was administered either intraperitoneally (IP) at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight or applied topically at 1.0 mg/kg body weight and its accumulation in @entity5 , normal mucosa, and abdominal skin was measured by optical fiber-based fluorescence spectroscopy. Photodynamic therapy was performed by superficial illumination of @entity5 with 660 nm (+/-25 nm) light at a fluence rate of 100J/cm2 and @entity5 response to PDT was analyzed by histological examination. CP6 accumulation was higher in @entity5 as compared to adjoining tissue and normal mucosa at 4-6h after its IP administration. For relatively large @entity5 (size >8mm) topical application was observed to be more effective than IP. The level of CP6 in @entity5 , surrounding tissue, normal mucosa and skin was seen to decrease rapidly within 24h after its administration and was undetectable at longer time (>72 h) intervals. PDT of small @entity5 at 4h after IP injection of CP6 resulted in @entity39 . Whereas, PDT of large @entity5 receiving CP6 topically caused @entity39 in 300-800 microm superficial region of the @entity5 . In one animal kept for follow up in each treatment group, it was observed that small @entity5 disappeared completely leaving scar tissue, while large @entity5 had significant reduction in @entity5 size. The use of CP6 for PDT of @entity5 is suggested.

title: Evaluation of XXXX p6 for photodynamic treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in the hamster cheek pouch model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'complete tumor necrosis']

answer: @entity8793 :: (MESH:C006969,Chemical) :: ['chlorin']


abstract: Binary systems combining a @entity9546 complex and @entity9050 have been proposed recently for catalytic therapy of @entity5 . The killing effect on @entity5 cells is achieved by production of free radicals in the course of accelerated oxidation of @entity9050 by @entity26 in the presence of @entity9546 complexes. Further progress in the development of binary catalytic systems (BCSs) requires a special method for their investigation in cells and tissues, because neither component of BCSs fluoresces. Here a resonance Raman confocal spectral imaging (RR CSI) technique was introduced as a unique approach to monitor quantitatively the @entity9546 complexes within living cells. Intracellular accumulation, localization, and retention of theraphthal (TP), a catalyst of the advanced TP/ @entity9050 BCS, were investigated in A549 cells with the RR CSI technique. The cellular analysis was complemented with the detailed study of molecular interactions of TP in solution and environmental factors affecting the RR spectrum of TP. TP does not penetrate into membranes, it binds very weakly to DNA and RNA, but it readily forms complexes with proteins. Binding with @entity141 cations and decreasing pH below 6 induce aggregation of TP. By analyzing RR spectra recorded from every point within a TP-treated cell, three states of the agent were discriminated, namely, monomeric TP in polar environment, TP bound to proteins, and aggregated TP. Their cytoplasmic and nuclear distributions were mapped at different stages of uptake and efflux. By introducing organelle-selective fluorescent probes into drug-treated cells and measuring intracellular localization of both the probe and the drug, compartmentation of TP was revealed. Cell growth suppression by the TP/ @entity9050 system was measured, and probable molecular and organelle targets of radical damage were characterized.

title: Confocal raman microspectroscopy and imaging study of theraphthal in living XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['dioxygen']

entities_list: @entity9546 :: ('CHEBI:27081', 'Chemical') :: ['transition metal']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Increased levels of endothelin (ET) have been demonstrated in the @entity63 brain, and ET receptor antagonism has been shown to improve outcome in @entity2806 . However, no previous work has been carried out evaluating the role of ET and its antagonism in brain @entity130 as compared to experimental @entity64 . In this study, we evaluated changes in brain ET levels following @entity6075 ( @entity6075 ) and the effects of @entity49163 , an @entity11081 ( @entity11081 ) selective antagonist, and @entity45353 , a mixed @entity11081 and -B- ( @entity11081 / @entity10932 ) antagonist, on outcome in @entity6075 and focal @entity64 . Male Sabra @entity35 were subjected to @entity6075 (weight drop model). Male @entity35 were subjected to focal @entity64 (intraluminal suture model). Motor function(s) were assessed and immunoreactive ET (irET) and the degree of @entity2657 were measured for 24 h after @entity6075 . @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity51 and forebrain @entity1188 volumes were measured 24 h after focal @entity64 . Antagonists (total doses of 7.5, 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg) were administered intravenously for 6-24 h (beginning 15 min after injury). Control @entity35 were infused with vehicle. @entity6075 resulted in increased ET levels in the directly contused hemisphere at 12 and 24 h. In addition, @entity49163 significantly reduced @entity51 (decreased 30%) and @entity2657 (decreased 40%) following @entity6075 (p < 0.05 at 60 mg/kg dose). @entity45353 had no effects on @entity6075 outcome. Focal @entity64 studies yielded similar results. @entity49163 reduced focal @entity64 -induced @entity51 by 50%, @entity4 by 54% and the degree of @entity1188 by 36% (p < 0.05 at 30 mg/kg). @entity45353 did not provide any neuroprotection in focal @entity64 . These data indicate that ET plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of @entity6075 , and that selectively targeting @entity11081 -receptors similarly in both @entity6075 and @entity64 might be a therapeutic opportunity.

title: Selective antagonism of endothelin-A-receptors improves outcome in both head trauma and focal @entity64 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema', 'brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Brain swelling', 'brain swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head injury', 'CHI']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Because of long-term complications of external beam radiation in @entity995 , a new therapeutic modality using chemotherapy and local treatments is used whenever possible. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate visual results. @entity1 AND METHOD: We studied visual acuity and ocular side effects in @entity1 presenting @entity995 in whom we were able to achieve conservative management without external beam treatment. The treatments that were used included chemotherapy, chemothermotherapy, diode laser, @entity1496 125 plaque brachytherapy, and cryotherapy. The initial characteristics (diameter, subretinal or vitreous seeding, and location) of each @entity5 , the treatments used, their results, and the visual function after age 4 years were recorded. RESULTS: We treated 429 @entity1 for @entity995 at the Curie Institute between October 1994 and December 2002. Two hundred twenty-seven eyes had conservative treatment without external beam. We were able to study the visual function in 102 eyes at a median age of 67 months. The median follow-up after the end of the treatment was 5 years. The mean visual acuity was 20/37 and 60% of the @entity1 had visual acuity of more than 20/40. Macular alteration was observed in 34 eyes. Statistical analysis showed that a larger @entity5 diameter of the retinal surface (p<0.0003) and location close to the macula (p<0.0001) were the most significant risk factors for @entity1018 . CONCLUSION: The visual results of the treatment of @entity995 by chemotherapy and local treatments is good when the @entity5 are not located close to the macula. @entity5 also have a worse prognosis for vision.

title: [Functional results of XXXX treatment with local treatment used in isolation or associated with chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Larger tumors']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'uni- or bilateral retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Knowledge of natural @entity5 growth is valuable for understanding @entity5 biology, optimising screening programs, prognostication, optimal scheduling of chemotherapy, and assessing @entity5 spread. However, mathematical modelling in individuals is hampered by the limited data available. We aimed to develop a method to estimate parameters of the growth model and formation rate of @entity3 in individual @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from one @entity1 with liver @entity3 from a primary @entity18910 and one @entity1 with lung @entity3 from a primary @entity1358 were used to demonstrate this new method. Metastatic growth models were estimated by direct curve fitting, as well as with the new proposed method based on the relationship between @entity5 growth rate and @entity5 volume. The new model was derived from the Gompertzian growth model by eliminating the time factor (age of @entity3 ), which made it possible to perform the calculations using data from all @entity3 in each @entity1 . Finally, the formation time of each @entity3 and, consecutively, the formation rate of @entity3 in each @entity1 were estimated. RESULTS: With limited measurements in clinical studies, fitting different growth curves was insufficient to estimate true @entity5 growth, even if @entity1 were followed for several years. Growth of liver @entity3 was well described with a general growth model for all @entity3 . However, the lung @entity3 from @entity1358 were better described by heterogeneous exponential growth with various growth rates. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the regression of @entity5 growth rate with the logarithm of @entity5 volume can be used to estimate parameters of the @entity5 growth model and @entity3 formation rates, and therefore the number and size distribution of @entity3 in individuals.

title: A new method to estimate parameters of the growth model for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity18910 :: ('MESH:D007078', 'Disease') :: ['ileum carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['metastatic tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An infectious etiology for chronic @entity5026 in breastfeeding @entity1 continues to be debated. Although recent data suggest that @entity794 and coagulase-negative @entity794 (CNS) may cause chronic @entity5026 , no studies have used quantitative cultures to address this question. In this study we compared bacterial species and colony counts between breastfeeding @entity1 with (cases) and without (controls) @entity1118 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 114 breastfeeding @entity1 in a prospective cohort study. Cases (n=61), breastfeeding @entity1 with @entity5026 for >1 week and no signs of @entity697 , were matched with controls (n=53) by weeks postpartum and parity. RESULTS: More cases had a history of @entity1271 (14% vs. 2%, p=0.036), cracked nipples (64% vs. 17%, p=0.001), and other breastfeeding difficulties. Enterobacter species growth was less likely in cases (0% vs. 7.5%, p=0.029). Cases had a significantly higher growth of @entity794 (19.7% vs. 1.9%, p=0.003). CNS frequency was similar between groups (75% vs. 79%, p=0.626), but median colony count growth was significantly lower in cases (900 colony-forming units/mL vs. 5,000 colony-forming units/ml, p=0.003). Growth of CNS and @entity794 was negatively correlated (r=-0.265, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Higher @entity794 growth in cases supports a pathogenic role for @entity794 and reinforces the need for future antibiotic treatment studies in breastfeeding @entity1 with @entity1118 . In contrast, similar CNS frequency between groups, lower CNS colony counts in cases, and a negative correlation between @entity794 and CNS growth suggest that neither CNS, nor its overgrowth, causes chronic @entity5026 .

title: A case control study of bacterial species and colony count in milk of breastfeeding @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['breast pain']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as @entity650 ( @entity650 ), have been implicated in the underlying processes contributing to sleep regulation and @entity1295 . Despite evidence for @entity25 , @entity1295 , and elevations in @entity650 among @entity1 with @entity43 , the association between these symptoms and @entity650 has not been investigated. To address this knowledge gap, we examined relationships between @entity25 , @entity1295 , and plasma @entity650 in 136 @entity1 with @entity43 prior to surgery. These relationships were also examined in 63 of these @entity1 who were disease-free and not receiving chemotherapy one year post-diagnosis. At both time-points, higher levels of @entity650 were significantly associated with @entity25 (p<0.05), controlling for potentially confounding biological and psychosocial covariates. Higher @entity650 was significantly associated with @entity1295 prior to surgery (p<0.05); however, when @entity25 was included in the model, the relationship was no longer significant. @entity650 was not significantly associated with @entity1295 at one year. Changes in sleep over time were significantly associated with percent change in @entity650 from pre-surgery to one year, adjusting for covariates (p<0.05). These findings support a direct association of @entity650 with @entity25 in this population, whereas the relationship between @entity650 and @entity1295 prior to surgery may be mediated by poor sleep. As this study is the first to examine cytokine contributions to @entity25 in @entity43 , further research is warranted to clarify the role of biological correlates of @entity25 in this population.

title: @entity25 , cytokines, and @entity1295 in XXXX with @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep and fatigue', 'sleep disturbances', 'sleep difficulties', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A hybrid clone was developed by the fusion of a pluripotent @entity19 @entity14641 cell line PCC-4 AzaR to the @entity843 ( @entity843 ) of @entity35 origin. This hybrid cell line, @entity50767 , possessed a predominantly @entity14641 morphology with a large nucleus and prominent nucleoli, and grew in nests. @entity50767 cells formed undifferentiated @entity5 in irradiated Sv/129 @entity19 . It formed aggregates when subcultured at high densities in bacteriological Petri dishes. The hybrid cell line differentiated in response to @entity1968 and also underwent spontaneous differentiation upon overgrowth. Karyological analysis showed the presence of several @entity35 chromosomes in the hybrid and upon isozyme analysis it was found that only the @entity35 of the X-linked enzyme @entity49527 was expressed. Analysis of the genomic DNA with a cloned probe, specific for @entity35 repetitive sequences, gave strong positive signals in the @entity157 parent and @entity50767 cells while the parental @entity189 ( @entity189 ) cells were negative. The hybrid cell line, like the PCC-4 cells, expressed the SSEA-1 surface marker but not SSEA-3, intercellular fibronectin and EGF receptors. Upon differentiation of @entity50767 cells there was a loss of expression of SSEA-1. The mRNA for @entity12074 was expressed by the hybrid cell line and in this respect it resembled the @entity157 parent. Albumin mRNA was not detectable in the hybrid cell line. The mRNA for the transformation-related protein, @entity10740 , was expressed at a high level in @entity50767 cells. The hybrid cell line @entity50767 retained several of the biochemical and immunological properties of the @entity14641 cells.

title: A malignant, stem cell-like somatic hybrid between a @entity19 XXXX and a @entity35 ascitic @entity157 is differentiation competent.

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['Zajdela ascitic hepatoma', 'ZAH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rat variant']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity14641 :: (MESH:D018243,Disease) :: ['teratocarcinoma']


abstract: AIM: to determine the viability and utility of @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) screening ( @entity1605 ) as a method for the early diagnosis of @entity14 in a well-controlled health area. METHODS: between February 1994 and September 1996, personal letters were sent to all @entity1 in the Casas Ib    ez health area (Albacete) aged between 50 and 75 years (4986 @entity1 ). All the tests were read by the same team member. A clinical history was taken of @entity1 with positive test results, and they were offered colonoscopy. If a growth was found which was suitable for endoscopic resection, this was done. If the growth was totally resected an annual check-up was advised. Malignant and partially resected premalignant growths were referred for surgical treatment. We analyzed percent participation, attendance for testing, negative and positive tests, growths diagnosed, false-positive tests and positive predictive value. RESULTS: the a participation rate was 56.25%. In the 157 colonoscopies performed, 39 @entity5 were found (7 of which were Dukes stage A and 2 of which were Dukes stage C-D). Sensitivity was 97% and specificity was 96%. The positive predictive value was 30.37%. The positivity rate was 6.08%, while the predictive value for @entity5 was 5.38% and the predictive value for @entity652 was 23.35%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1503 screening, in our setting, proved to have a high recruitment capacity with a positive predictive value for @entity14 which was slightly higher than the value obtained in other countries of similar socioeconomic status. Furthermore, we found a significant improvement in the diagnostic stage of @entity14 at the time of resection.

title: XXXX screening through detection of @entity1503 in a controlled health zone.

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Hemoccult II']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasic polyps and 9 cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FOB', 'fecal occult blood']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Idiopathic @entity788 is considered to be a multigenic and @entity66 . Genetically determined @entity788 is associated with mutations in the @entity20618 , @entity9379 and @entity5174 genes. This study aimed at examining the clinical and morphological characteristics of @entity1 diagnosed with genetically determined @entity788 . METHODS: Inclusion criteria were the presence of @entity20618 , @entity5174 or @entity9379 gene mutations in @entity1 with idiopathic recurrent or chronic @entity788 . @entity1 with @entity4306 were excluded. Age- and sex-matched @entity1 with idiopathic @entity788 and negative genetic testing served as controls (n = 68). RESULTS: Genetic testing was performed in 351 probands referred to our centre since 1999. Sixty-one @entity1 (17.4%) carried at least 1 detected mutation in 1 of the 3 tested genes (34 @entity5174 , 10 @entity20618 and 13 @entity9379 mutations), and 4 @entity1 showed a combination of mutations. Follow-up has been currently extended to a median of 5 years (range 1-40). Similar clinical features were noted in the case and matched groups except for an earlier age of onset of pancreatic symptoms and a higher incidence of @entity788 in the case group and in @entity1 with @entity5174 mutations compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The standardized incidence ratio, the ratio of observed to expected @entity788 , averaged 26.5 (95% confidence interval 8.6-61.9). All @entity788 @entity1 were smokers. CONCLUSION: Clinical parameters of @entity1 with sporadic idiopathic @entity788 and gene mutations are similar to those of age- and sex-matched @entity1 without gene mutations, except for the age of @entity660 onset. A significantly higher occurrence of @entity788 was observed in the case group, particularly in those @entity1 carrying @entity5174 mutations. We therefore suggest to include @entity1 with @entity5174 variants presenting with risk factors in a screening and surveillance programme and to strongly advise them to stop smoking.

title: Clinical and morphological characteristics of sporadic genetically determined @entity788 as compared to idiopathic @entity788 : higher risk of @entity788 in XXXX variants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity4306 :: ('MESH:C537262', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary pancreatitis']

answer: @entity5174 :: (1080,Gene) :: ['CFTR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity73 on activities of daily living (ADL) is being used as a major criterion for differentiating between mild @entity73 ( @entity3457 ) and @entity303 . The concept of an ADL threshold that separates @entity3457 from @entity303 , however, appears to be improbable for several reasons. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether complex ADL are impaired in @entity1 with @entity3457 ; to examine the usefulness of the assessment of ADL impairment for the diagnosis of @entity3457 ; to explore whether both cognitive testing and assessment of impaired ADL are significant predictors of the diagnosis according to the diagnostic gold standard of @entity3457 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University-based outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS: A total of 45 elderly @entity3457 @entity1 diagnosed according to research diagnostic criteria and 30 age-matched cognitively unimpaired controls. METHODS: Clinical assessment - @entity195 Assessment scale, cognitive subscale ( @entity11509 -cog) for the assessment of cognitive functions, @entity195 Cooperative Study scale for ADL in @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) for the assessment of impairments of complex ADL. Statistical evaluation - Mann-Whitney U tests for significant differences on measures of cognition and everyday functioning. Non-parametric correlations for associations between ADL and cognitive ability. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analyses to identify optimal cut-off scores on the @entity3457 and @entity11509 -cog scales to differentiate between @entity3457 @entity1 and controls. Binary logistic regression analyses to predict the diagnosis of @entity3457 on the basis of the above-mentioned instruments. RESULTS: @entity1 scored significantly higher than controls on the @entity11509 -cog scale and significantly lower on the @entity3457 scale. There was a significant negative correlation of the above-mentioned scales in @entity3457 @entity1 (r = -0.46, P < 0.01). Both instruments discriminated well between @entity1 and controls ( @entity3457 : optimal cut-off 52 points, sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.97; @entity11509 -cog: optimal cut-off 10 points, sensitivity 0.78, specificity 1.0). With regard to the linear predictor in the logistic regression built, both instruments were strong predictors of the diagnosis according to the diagnostic gold standard ( @entity3457 : P = 0.002; @entity11509 -cog: P = 0.041). CONCLUSION: Impairment of ADL is already present in @entity3457 . Therefore, intact ADL cannot be used as a criterion to define the syndrome of @entity3457 and to distinguish it from mild @entity303 . The assessment of complex ADL is probably useful for the diagnosis of @entity3457 .

title: Complex activities of daily living in mild XXXX : conceptual and diagnostic issues.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: @entity48908 (formerly H. aegyptius) is the etiologic agent of @entity221 ( @entity221 ). A surface-exposed epitope on the outer membrane protein P1 is present on most strains of @entity48908 associated with @entity221 but is absent in almost all non-disease associated strains. The role of the outer membrane protein P1 in the pathogenesis of this disease was evaluated by utilizing an isogenic P1-deficient mutant. We compared the ability of the wild type and P1 isogenic mutant to grow under various conditions. The P1-deficient strain grew at a similar rate to the wild type in both complex and chemically defined medium. The P1-deficient mutant also had a similar growth rate to the wild type under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic growth, however, resulted in up-regulation of the P1 protein in the wild type strain. Three assays were used to examine the pathophysiologic role of the P1 protein in @entity221 : 1) serum resistance; 2) sustained @entity2259 in the @entity1 @entity35 model; and 3) the @entity1 microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC) @entity137 assay. Both the mutant and wild-type strains were resistant to killing in 95% normal human serum. The P1-deficient strain was also as virulent as the wild type in both the @entity1 @entity35 model of @entity2259 and in the HMEC-1 tissue culture model. These results demonstrate that serum resistance, sustained @entity2259 in the @entity1 @entity35 , and @entity137 of HMEC cells occur in the absence of P1. The P1 protein is not essential for the pathogenic potential identified by these assays. However, these results demonstrate that an anaerobic environment is a potent physiologic regulator of P1 protein expression. The impact of anaerobiosis on protein expression and pathogenesis will require further investigations.

title: Characterization of P1-deficient isogenic mutant of @entity48908 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity48908 :: ('725', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius', 'H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Brazilian purpuric fever', 'BPF']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Brazilian purpuric fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: It is well known that some diseases, such as @entity5 , lead to changes in the hardness of tissue. Sonoelastography, a technique that allows the elasticity of tissue to be assessed during ultrasound examination, provides the ultrasonographer with important additional information that can be used for diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of endoscopic ultrasound elastography to differentiate between benign and malignant pancreatic masses and lymph nodes. @entity1 AND METHODS: During a 12-month period, 49 @entity1 underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examinations with elastography, conducted by a single endoscopist. Twenty-four @entity1 underwent evaluation of a pancreatic mass (mean diameter 24.7 +/- 11.1 mm) and 25 underwent evaluation of 31 lymph nodes. The mean diameter of the lymph nodes was 19.7 +/- 8.6 mm, and they were found in the cervical area (n = 3), @entity6830 (n = 17), celiac arterial trunk region (n = 5), and aortocaval region (n = 6). RESULTS: The sonoelastography images of pancreatic masses were interpreted as benign in four cases and malignant in 20. The sensitivity and specificity of sonoelastography in the diagnosis of @entity5 were 100% and 67%, respectively. The sonoelastography images of the lymph nodes were interpreted as showing malignancy in 22 cases, benign conditions in seven, and indeterminate status in two. The sensitivity and specificity of sonoelastography for evaluating malignant lymph-node invasion were 100% and 50%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EUS elastography is potentially capable of further defining the tissue characteristics of benign and @entity5 but specifity has to be improved. It can be used to guide biopsy sampling for diagnosis.

title: Endoscopic ultrasound elastography: the first step towards virtual biopsy? Preliminary results in 49 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A two-part study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of 10 neutralized preservatives as inhibitors of microbial activity on cracked shelled @entity4336 at two moisture levels (15 and 18%) and to evaluate the performance of nursery @entity1707 fed diets containing the two most effective preservatives selected from part one of this study. In part one, for each of the three replications (15 d), moisture content of the cracked @entity4336 was adjusted to 15 and 18%. Preservatives were diluted (1:1) with water and sprayed on 300 g of ground @entity4336 . Treated @entity4336 was then divided into two equal parts and placed in 500-mL sterilized Erlenmeyer flasks, covered with sterile @entity2708 plugs, and incubated at 31 degrees C. Several preservatives were as effective as @entity6137 in inhibiting microbial growth. Liquid Myco Curb (MC) and Sal Curb (SC) inhibited @entity515 production by 12.7 and 13 d with 15 and 18% moisture @entity4336 , respectively. Combining the data for 15 and 18% moisture @entity4336 , Sal Curb inhibited microbial growth on @entity4336 the longest (12.2 d). The second part of this study consisted of two replicates of a randomized complete block design experiment to evaluate the palatability, ADG, and gain:feed ratio of nursery @entity1707 fed pelleted diets containing 1 kg/t of diet of either MC, SC, or no preservative. @entity1707 were blocked by sex and weight and randomly assigned to the treatments. Daily feed, weekly feed refusals, and weekly weights were recorded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Laboratory and field evaluation of commercial feed preservatives in the diet of nursery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6137 :: ('MESH:C029658', 'Chemical') :: ['propionic acid']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Recent studies have shown the ability of @entity3785 (SA) to trap @entity3787 radicals ( @entity2145 .) generated during reperfusion in @entity63 myocardium. Since @entity2145 . is implicated in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury, we examined the effect of SA on reperfusion-induced @entity943 and @entity67 . Isolated @entity35 hearts perfused by the Langendorff technique were preperfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing SA for 10 min. Hearts were then made @entity63 for 30 min, followed by 30 min of reperfusion. In a separate group, SA was administered only at the onset of reperfusion. The left ventricular contractile functions, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and its first derivative (LV dP/dt), @entity301 ( @entity301 ), and @entity908 kinase (CK) release were determined before and after @entity63 . Epicardial electrocardiogram (ECG) was also recorded to analyze the incidence of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). SA improved LVDP, LV dp/dt, and @entity301 recovery and reduced CK release compared to the control group. The incidence of @entity1165 and @entity2224 during reperfusion was also significantly reduced by SA. Analysis of tissue @entity4466 -reactive products indicates that SA decreased oxidative stress during reperfusion. In conclusion, these results suggest that SA reduces @entity296 and attenuates @entity943 by trapping @entity2145 . radicals upon reperfusion in isolated @entity35 hearts.

title: Salicylate reduces @entity67 and @entity943 during reperfusion in isolated XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary flow', 'CF']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: All @entity1 with @entity195 progress, more or less rapidly, to a stage where they can no longer be tested with the standard neuropsychological tools. The Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) is a neuropsychological tool used to evaluate @entity1 with severe @entity303 . Its maximum score is 133. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of a French version of SIB. Fifty-four @entity1 with @entity195 (mean Mini Mental State examination [MMS] 10.11 +/- 6.38) entered the study. Their mean SIB score was 88.4 +/- 33.3. The @entity1 who were most affected (MMS below 5) were distributed by SIB from 7 to 80 points. An inter-examinator study of 36 @entity1 yielded a correlation coefficient r = 0.9957 (P = 0.0001). In an inter-test study of 17 @entity1 the correlation coefficient was also very high (r = 0.874, P = 0.0001). Thus, SIB seems to be a reliable tool to evaluate cognitive functions in cases of severe @entity303 . The distribution of scores obtained by SIB in @entity1 with an MMS below 10 demonstrates that even within groups of subjects with severe @entity303 distinctions can be made between their remaining capabilities. Using SIB in these @entity1 should improve our knowledge of the natural course of the disease and give better correlation between clinical data and neuropathological and neurobiochemical tests on the one hand, and enable us to adjust to their condition the departments where these @entity1 are treated on the other hand.

title: [A battery of neuropsychological tests for severe XXXX . An evaluation study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']