abstract: We report a new case of @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) of the liver, an extremely rare @entity5 . Including the present case no more than ten cases are reported in the English-language literature. To date there is no definite proof of the origin of this @entity5 . Both mesothelial and fibroblas-tic genesis has been postulated. The monoclonal antibody @entity2280 has recently been used for the characterization of @entity2460 . @entity2460 would appear to be histogenetically related to a @entity2280 - positive fibroblastic stem cell. A 61-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our department with @entity19138 and right hypochondriac @entity158 , @entity353 , and @entity4053 . Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated a large heterogeneous mass in the right hepatic lobe. A right hepatectomy was performed. The @entity5 weighed 2850 g and microscopic section revealed a peculiar random pattern, the so-called patternless pattern of spindle @entity5 cells separated by abundant thick collagen bands. The @entity5 presented a number of highly cellular areas composed of plump spindle cell with hyperchromatic nuclei and rare mitotic figures. Ninety percent of the neoplastic cells displayed strong immunoreactivity for @entity2280 /My 10. The postoperative course was uneventful and the @entity1 is alive and well without recurrence 6 years after surgery.

title: @entity2460 of the liver with @entity2280 positivity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity19138 :: ('MESH:C537170', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['SFT', 'solitary fibrous tumor']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: The perception of extrapersonal space in @entity191 was examined with two line bisection tasks. One was a conventional pencil and paper test, the line bisection section of the Behavioural Inattention Test. In the other, the stimuli were displayed on a large (2x2.4 m) screen and varied in length (48-480 mm) and also in location on the screen (left, centre and right). They were presented at two viewing distances (0.6 and 1.5 m). Subjects remotely adjusted the position of a cursor until it appeared to bisect the stimulus line, using two push-buttons, one in each hand. The PD @entity1 (n=18) had a marked asymmetry of motor symptoms. They were divided into two groups, those with predominantly left-sided motor symptoms ( @entity6572 , n=9), and those with predominantly right-sided motor symptoms (RPD, n=9). The control group (n=9) were all right-handed. No significant differences between the groups were found on the BIT bisection task. In contrast, when the stimuli were presented on the screen, @entity6572 subjects showed a significant rightward bias in their settings of the cursor, particularly for lines on the left and centre of the screen, which was greater, the longer the stimulus line. The RPD group bisected lines slightly to the left, in common with the control group (pseudo-neglect). In a second experiment, @entity191 subjects repeated this task, but with the buttons reversed between the hands, so that the cursor was moved to the left by the right hand, and vice versa, but the pattern of results was the same as in the first experiment. The data suggest a small but reliable neglect in left @entity195 , which is contralateral to the non-dominant (and probably worse affected) hemisphere. The dissociation between the response and the bisection error suggests a @entity73 in @entity6572 .

title: Evidence from a line bisection task for visuospatial neglect in left XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian', "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["hemiparkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['hemiparkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity201 are deadly and require complex decisions as well as major surgery. A few referral centers have reported good results, but no robust, risk-adjusted outcomes data are available. The aims of this study were to analyze the surgical outcomes of a very large cohort of @entity1 undergoing operations for @entity201 in North America. STUDY DESIGN: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program @entity1 Use File was queried for @entity1 with @entity1126 . @entity1 (n = 839) were classified as having intrahepatic (36.5%), perihilar (34.4%), or distal (29.1%) @entity201 by the type of procedure performed. Observed and expected (O/E) morbidity and mortality rates, O/E indices, and regression-adjusted risk factors were determined. RESULTS: Mortality was highest for perihilar @entity5 that were managed with hepatectomy and biliary-enteric @entity254 (11.9%) and lowest for @entity201 (1.2%). After risk adjustment, mortality was considerable greater than expected for @entity1 undergoing hepatectomy with biliary-enteric @entity254 (O/E = 3.0) or hepatectomy alone (O/E = 2.4). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggests that postoperative outcomes are best for distal and worst for @entity201 , and hepatectomy for @entity1126 is associated with a 2- to 3-fold mortality risk. We conclude that North American surgical outcomes can be improved for @entity1 with proximal @entity201 .

title: XXXX : are North American surgical outcomes optimal?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancers']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangiocarcinomas', 'perihilar cholangiocarcinomas', 'cholangiocarcinomas', 'distal cholangiocarcinomas', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: While there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that @entity1007 prior to the onset of @entity731 renders tissues more susceptible to @entity32 , the mechanisms that underlie this exaggerated inflammatory response remain poorly defined. The overall objective of this study was to assess the influence of @entity1007 on endotoxin-induced @entity31180 (CAM) expression in different vascular beds. Another objective was to determine whether the altered endothelial CAM expression in @entity753 animals is associated with a corresponding change in plasma cytokine levels. Male @entity35 (SD) were placed either on a normal (control) or high @entity165 (HC) diet for 3 weeks. The dual radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) technique was used to measure the expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, @entity1590 , and @entity297 in different vascular beds after intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin ( @entity558 ) derived from Salmonella abortus equi. @entity558 induced a significant increase in the expression of all endothelial CAMs in both normocholesterolemic and @entity753 groups. However, @entity1007 enhanced @entity558 -induced expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, and @entity1590 in several vascular beds, while @entity297 expression was unaffected. @entity882 , induced with anti-platelet serum, did not alter @entity558 -induced P-selectin expression in either group, suggesting that platelets do not contribute to this response. @entity1007 was associated with an exaggerated increase in plasma @entity1505 , but not @entity3426 , after @entity558 treatment. These results indicate that @entity1007 in @entity35 may render tissues more vulnerable to the inflammatory effects of @entity558 by enhancing the expression of certain endothelial CAMs.

title: XXXX alters endotoxin-induced @entity31180 expression.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia', 'hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity31180 :: ('300519(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial cell adhesion molecule']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague/Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of adjuvant @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) in @entity1 managed with surgery and adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity463 ( @entity463 ) has been demonstrated to improve median and 2-year survival in a recent large international multicentre study. To confirm this result in routine clinical practice, an audit of the management and outcome of @entity1 with @entity463 at The @entity5 Institute Radiation Oncology was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity463 managed radically at The @entity5 Institute Radiation Oncology from May 2002 to 2006 were entered into a prospective database. @entity1 , @entity5 and treatment factors were analysed for association with the outcome of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier technique and correlation was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity463 were managed with radical intent over the 4- year period. The median age was 54 years and 66% were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-1 performance status. Macroscopic, subtotal and biopsy alone procedures were performed in 61%, 29% and 10% of @entity1 , respectively. The median time from surgery to @entity1161 was 26 days. Adjuvant @entity2904 was used in 44% of @entity1 (n = 18). The @entity1349 of the total group was 13.6 months, with a 24% 2-year overall survival. The use of @entity2904 was associated with improved @entity1349 (19.6 versus 12.8 months; P = 0.035) and improved 2-year survival (43% versus 0%). A requirement of @entity619 dose greater than 4 mg at the end of @entity1161 (P = 0.012) was associated with worse survival, but there was no association of @entity1349 with age, ECOG, @entity5 size or extent of surgery. CONCLUSION: The median and 2-year survival outcomes are comparable to the results of the European Multicentre Study and justify the continued use of @entity2904 in routine clinical practice.

title: Improved @entity1349 for @entity463 following introduction of adjuvant XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival', 'MS']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: We have isolated a new @entity2829 gene, rab28, that responds to @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) treatment. This gene has been characterized by determining the sequence of the cDNA and corresponding genomic copy, and by mapping the start site of its transcript. The rab 28 gene encodes a protein of predicted molecular weight 27713 Da which shows strong homology with the Lea D-34 protein identified in @entity2708 . The proximal promoter region contains the conserved @entity2272 -response element, CACGTGG, reported in other plant genes to be responsible for @entity2272 induction. rab 28 mRNA has been identified as @entity2272 -inducible in embryos and young leaves. It is also induced by @entity2700 in leaves of wild-type plants. Regulation of the rab 28 gene was studied in @entity2829 viviparous mutants. The results obtained with the @entity2272 -insensitive @entity37375 mutant show that rab 28 transcripts do not accumulate to a significant level during embryogenesis. Surprisingly, induction of rab 28 mRNA can be achieved in young embryos by exogenous @entity2272 treatment. Moreover, water-stressed or @entity2272 -treated seedlings of @entity37375 contain significant levels of rab 28 mRNA which is not detectable in well-watered seedlings. Regulation of the rab 28 gene in excised young embryos of @entity2272 -deficient vp2 mutants, in which influences of the maternal environment are absent, closely resembles that found in non-mutant excised young embryos. The significance of these results is discussed.

title: Regulation of the XXXX -responsive gene rab28 in @entity2829 viviparous mutants.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['water-stress']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['abscisic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity173 @entity1 are treated surgically, requiring anaesthesia. OBJECTIVES: To compare different types of anaesthesia for surgical repair of @entity173 ( @entity3330 ) in adults. This is primarily regional (spinal or epidural) anaesthesia versus inhalation general anaesthesia, but also includes @entity3652 anaesthesia versus inhalation general anaesthesia. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group trials register, Medline, selected orthopaedic and anaesthetic journals and conference proceedings, and reference lists of relevant articles. Date of the most recent search: August 1999. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing different methods of anaesthesia for @entity173 surgery in skeletally mature @entity1 . Trials comparing the use of local nerve blocks are not considered in this review. Neither are trials using different types of drugs or techniques with one type of anaesthesia. The primary outcome was mortality. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality, using a nine item scale, and extracted data. The other two reviewers independently checked these results. Wherever appropriate and possible, results were pooled. MAIN RESULTS: Sixteen trials, involving 2191 @entity1 , which compared regional anaesthesia with general anaesthesia, were included. All trials had methodological flaws. Regional anaesthesia was associated with a decreased mortality at one month (53/781(6.8%) versus 78/826(9.4%)) of borderline statistical significance (relative risk 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 1.00)). The results for three month mortality were not statistically significant, although the confidence interval does not exclude the possibility of a clinically relevant reduction (86/726 (11.8%) versus 98/765 (12.8%), relative risk 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.71 to 1.21). The reduced numbers at one year, coming exclusively from two studies, preclude any useful conclusions for long term mortality (80/354 (22.6%) versus 78/372 (21.0%), relative risk 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 1.41). Regional anaesthesia was associated with a tendency to a longer operation (weighted mean difference 4.8 minutes, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 8.6 minutes), and a reduced risk of @entity1150 (39/129 (30%) versus 61/37(76%); relative risk 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 0.86), although this conclusion is insecure due to possible selection bias in the subgroups in whom this outcome was measured. No other statistically significant differences in outcome were identified. There was insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions from a further two included trials, involving a total of 100 @entity1 , which compared other types of anaesthesia. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Regional anaesthesia and general anaesthesia appear to produce comparable results for most of the outcomes studied. Regional anaesthesia may reduce short-term mortality but no conclusions can be drawn for longer term mortality.

title: General versus spinal/epidural anaesthesia for surgery for XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['proximal femoral fractures']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: Using the "Oxford system" for ambulatory monitoring of direct arterial blood pressure (BP), the @entity551 effect of @entity4688 (20 to 40 mg/day), was assessed in 15 @entity1 with essential @entity101 . BP was reduced by @entity4688 throughout the 24 hours of study. A within- @entity1 comparison of corresponding mean hourly systolic and diastolic BP values showed a reduction from (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001) for 18 of the 24 hours. Four @entity1 had an increase in BP during treatment with @entity4688 . There was a significant decrease in systolic BP in response to 60 degrees head-up tilt. During isometric and dynamic exercise there was a smaller increase in systolic BP but a less marked effect on diastolic BP. Heart rate was unaffected either during free ambulation or during physiologic testing. The incidence of side effects was low. These results indicate that @entity4688 administered once daily may be an effective form of antihypertensive therapy. However, there is a group of @entity1 who are unresponsive to treatment with converting enzyme inhibitors.

title: Effect of @entity4688 at rest, during tilt, static and dynamic exercise in systemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Both @entity1833 and @entity73 are experienced by a significant number of @entity1 with @entity191 . There were three main objectives of this study: (1) to determine if there is a difference in the prevalence of @entity303 in @entity1 with @entity400 ; (2) to determine if there is a difference of prevalence of @entity1833 in @entity1 with @entity400 and @entity191 ; and (3) to determine if there is a relationship between @entity1833 and @entity303 in @entity191 @entity1 . BACKGROUND: @entity303 and @entity1833 are common non-motor symptoms of @entity191 that affect a significant number of @entity1 . Previous research has shown that @entity1833 may be predictive of future onset of @entity303 . We wanted to compare the prevalence of these non-motor symptoms in @entity400 vs. @entity191 , although previous research has shown that @entity303 may be more common in the @entity2845 rigid variant of @entity191 without @entity400 . @entity1833 have not yet been studied in this way. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart analysis on 314 @entity1 with @entity191 in this study. @entity1 meeting the inclusion criteria were stratified into several categories based on the presence or absence of @entity400 dominant @entity1726 , @entity2845 rigid dominant @entity1726 , @entity303 and @entity1833 . Nonparametric tests were used for performing statistical analyses. The Chi Squared test was used for the analysis of categorical variables. RESULTS: @entity1 without @entity400 had a higher prevalence of @entity303 (29%) than those with @entity400 (14%). There was no difference in @entity1833 in @entity400 versus non- @entity400 @entity1 , although there was a significant trend between @entity400 and @entity1833 in female @entity1 . A significant correlation was found between @entity303 and @entity1833 in the sample, however further investigation showed this was largely associated with female @entity191 @entity1 .

title: Relationship of @entity303 and XXXX in @entity400 and @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["non-tremor dominant Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['Visual hallucinations', 'visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ["tremor versus non-tremor dominant Parkinson's", 'tremor']

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['visual hallucinations']


abstract: The authors report their experience using electrolytically detachable coils for the treatment of @entity438 following incomplete surgical clipping. Eight @entity1 were treated for six anterior and two posterior circulation @entity439 remnants. All @entity1 were referred for endovascular treatment by experienced cerebrovascular neurosurgeons at the authors' institution. @entity1 underwent follow-up angiography immediately after endovascular treatment. In seven of the eight @entity1 , additional follow-up angiographic studies were obtained at periods ranging from 7 weeks to 2 years posttreatment. The latest follow-up angiograms demonstrated that six of the eight @entity439 remnants were 100% occluded, with near-complete occlusion of the other two @entity439 remnants. There was no permanent @entity16 or mortality associated with the treatment. There was no incidence of @entity548 during or after treatment. Endovascular treatment of @entity438 remnants following prior surgical clipping can be accomplished with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Endovascular coil occlusion can play an important adjunctive role in the treatment of those @entity439 that have been incompletely obliterated by surgical clipping.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX following incomplete clipping.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological or non-neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['residual cerebral aneurysms', 'cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Untreated @entity66 in the mother is associated with lower birth weight. We examined the risk of adverse neonatal outcome when the @entity1 's mother, father, or other relative suffered from known @entity66 . METHODS: Mothers answered a questionnaire a few days after the birth of their @entity1 . Of a total of 10,597 single birth @entity1 from Southeast Sweden, 53 @entity1 had a mother with @entity66 (father 27, sibling 70, other close relative 442). Adjusted odds ratios and adjusted differences for neonatal outcome were calculated. RESULTS: @entity1 whose father suffered from @entity66 had a lower birth weight (95% adjusted confidence interval (CI) -459, -72 g), more often belonged to the low birth weight (LBW) category (LBW < or =2499 g) (95% CI adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.48--17.18), and had a shorter pregnancy duration (95% adjusted CI -1.53, -0.08 weeks) than non-coeliac controls. They also weighed less than @entity1 whose father suffered from other @entity792 (95% CI -549, -93 g). @entity1 whose mother suffered from @entity66 had a lower birth weight (95% adjusted CI -370, -74 g) and more often belonged to the LBW category (95% CI AOR 2.60--15.08) than non-coeliac controls. These @entity1 were more often in the LBW category than @entity1 whose mother suffered from non-diabetic @entity792 (95% CI AOR 1.24--9.65). @entity66 in other relatives was not associated with any adverse effect on neonatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that even treated @entity66 , in either of the parents, has a negative effect on pregnancy, resulting in lower birth weight and perhaps shorter duration of pregnancy.

title: XXXX in the father affects the newborn.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Coeliac disease']


abstract: @entity50434 alkaloid-containing plants are widely distributed throughout the world and are particularly common in the genus Senecio. The structural types and concentrations of the alkaloids vary among plant species. In addition, within a species of plant, concentrations vary with environment and location. Many @entity5500 are toxic and cause @entity4968 in livestock and in @entity1 . Rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic techniques are needed to identify poisoned animals and to determine the particular plants and conditions under which livestock are likely to be poisoned. In this study, two competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for @entity53082 , @entity53083 , and other closely related @entity5500 were developed using polyclonal antibodies. One assay is class specific toward the free base forms of the @entity5500 ; the other assay showed cross-reactivity to both the free base and @entity12139 forms of the alkaloids. The assay with the lowest limit of detection had an I(50) of 803.9 pg with a limit of detection of 47.5 pg for @entity53082 . Spike and recovery studies for @entity53082 in @entity291 blood ranged from 45 to 74%. The assay that showed cross-reactivity between the @entity12139 and free base forms of the @entity5500 allowed estimation of the total @entity21703 content in Senecio riddellii in admixture with alfalfa. These findings suggest that these techniques will be excellent tools to diagnose poisoned animals and identify highly toxic plants.

title: Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the hepatotoxic alkaloids XXXX and @entity53083 .

entities_list: @entity53083 :: ('MESH:C068583', 'Chemical') :: ['riddelliine N-oxide']

entities_list: @entity21703 :: ('CHEBI:64948', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolizidine alkaloid']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity53082 :: ('MESH:C013672', 'Chemical') :: ['riddelliine']

entities_list: @entity50434 :: ('CHEBI:64950', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrrolizidine']

entities_list: @entity5500 :: ('MESH:D011763', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolizidine alkaloids']

answer: @entity53082 :: (MESH:C013672,Chemical) :: ['riddelliine']


abstract: Exercise capacity and the causes of its limitation following repair of @entity215 have been studied in heterogeneous populations. Study populations have been grouped together regardless of the type of repair and residual hemodynamic abnormalities. To better understand the factors limiting aerobic exercise capacity in @entity1 repaired with a transannular patch, 37 @entity1 with a transannular patch and no residual @entity849 underwent resting spirometry and treadmill exercise testing. Maximal @entity26 consumption and @entity26 consumption at anaerobic threshold were measured in all @entity1 to assess aerobic capacity. @entity1 were subdivided by gender. Resting spirometry measurements tended to be lower in both genders compared to healthy controls but did not correlate with any measurement of aerobic capacity. Maximal @entity26 consumption and anaerobic threshold were significantly less in the female than the male population. A quadratic relation between maximal @entity26 consumption and age at exercise testing existed for both genders but peaked at an earlier age and was significantly less in the female population. There was a significant negative correlation between maximal @entity26 consumption and echocardiographically estimated right ventricular inflow volume index in the female population only. These data suggest that in @entity1 with @entity215 repaired with a transannular patch aerobic capacity is limited primarily by cardiac function, but that gender differences are due to noncardiac causes.

title: Determinants of aerobic capacity during exercise following complete repair of XXXX with a transannular patch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: Glucagon is hormone secreted from the pancreatic alpha-cells that is involved in blood @entity413 regulation. As such, antagonism of @entity28043 signalling represents an exciting approach for treating @entity6 . To harness these beneficial metabolic effects, two novel glucagon analogues, desHis  @entity367   -glucagon-[mPEG] and desHis  @entity367   (Lys     PAL)-glucagon, has been evaluated for potential @entity28043 antagonistic properties. Both novel peptides were completely resistant to enzymatic breakdown and significantly (P<0.05 to P<0.001) inhibited glucagon-mediated elevations of @entity268 production in @entity28043 transfected cells. Similarly, desHis  @entity367   -glucagon-[mPEG] and desHis  @entity367   (Lys     PAL)-glucagon effectively antagonised glucagon-induced increases of insulin secretion from BRIN BD11 cells. When administered acutely to normal, high fat fed or ob/ob @entity19 , both analogues had no significant effects on overall blood @entity413 or plasma insulin levels when compared to saline treated controls. However, desHis  @entity367   -glucagon-[mPEG] significantly (P<0.05) annulled glucagon-induced increases in blood @entity413 and plasma insulin levels in normal @entity19 and had similar non-significant tendencies in high fat and ob/ob @entity19 . In addition, desHis  @entity367   (Lys     PAL)-glucagon effectively (P<0.05 to P<0.001) antagonised glucagon-mediated elevations of blood @entity413 levels in high fat fed and ob/ob @entity19 , but was less efficacious in normal @entity19 . Further studies confirmed the significant persistent @entity28043 antagonistic properties of both novel enzyme-resistant analogues 4h post administration in normal @entity19 . These studies emphasise the potential of longer-acting peptide-based @entity28043 antagonists, and particularly acylated versions, for the treatment of @entity6 .

title: desHis  @entity367   -glucagon-[mPEG] and desHis  XXXX   (Lys     PAL)-glucagon: long-acting peptide-based PEGylated and acylated @entity28043 antagonists with potential antidiabetic activity.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity367 :: (CHEBI:18237,Chemical) :: ['Glu']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Biliary stenting is the treatment of choice for inoperable @entity201 of the hilum ( @entity6984 ). The aim of this study was to define factors predicting 1) successful biliary drainage and 2) survival. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective study of 48 @entity1 with Bismuth's type I-II (n=15) and III-IV (n=33) strictures who were treated endoscopically (combined with percutaneous techniques if required), aiming to obtain complete @entity1087 . Prognostic variables for 1) successful drainage at 30 days and 2) survival at 12 months were analyzed. RESULTS: Drainage resulting in complete @entity1087 was obtained in 31/48 @entity1 (65%). Baseline @entity3638 was the only predicting factor of a successful drainage. Median survival was 202 days. The absence of a mass-type @entity5 or liver @entity3 , the absence of complications and successful drainage were identified as independent factors predicting survival at 12 months. Bilateral drainage with more than two stents was associated with a longer survival rate in @entity1 with @entity5 (271 versus 90 days) (p<0.050). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6984 , @entity1087 through an optimal stenting results in a better survival rate. Additional independent predictive factors are the absence of a mass-type @entity5 , liver @entity3 and post-drainage complications.

title: Predictive factors for survival in XXXX with inoperable @entity6984 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Bismuth III-IV tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity6984 :: ('MESH:D018285', 'Disease') :: ['Klatskin tumors']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['bilirubinemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1643 and sciatica is a common clinical condition. It is a most common orthopaedic complaint in the Kaski region of Nepal. The reason for its increased incidence may be hilly terrain, difficult working and living environment of the region. The initial treatment of @entity1643 is conservative. Epidural @entity134 injection is being slowly established as are liable mode of conservative management in many orthopaedic centres of the world. This is a preliminary report of on-going study of the use of epidural @entity134 in the management of @entity1643 cases coming to the orthopaedic department of Manipal Teaching Hospital. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial was carried out on the @entity1 reporting with @entity1643 and sciatica not responding to other modes of conservative treatment. Pre and post injection evaluation was done clinically. The level of @entity158 , improvement in physical signs and ability to do activities of daily living were noted. RESULTS: Fifty two @entity1 were observed for the average duration of 2.87 months. Average duration of symptoms was for 10 months. After first epidural @entity134 injection 83% of @entity1 reported relief on day one. In some cases the onset of @entity1337 was delayed. Four @entity1 reported no relief after first injection. Fifteen @entity1 were given two injections and four received three injections. The average duration between two injections was three weeks. Average duration of @entity158 relief was 20 days. At the end of 3 months, good results were seen in 39%, fair in 33% and bad results in 27%. Overall 59% of @entity1 were able to do activities of daily living. Three @entity1 (5.76%)required operation for disc prolapse. Postoperatively two @entity1 reported back with back @entity158 . Most common complaint of @entity1 after injection was @entity158 at the injection site. No major complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: Epidural @entity134 Injection is a safe and effective mode of treatment of @entity1643 . It provides painfree period to enable the @entity1 for physiotherapy which helps in early recovery.

title: Our experience with epidural XXXX injections in management of low backpain and sciatica.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low Back Pain', 'Low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Glucuronidation pathway is very important in the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity and expression of various hepatic @entity858 glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in @entity35 at various time points after initiation of hepatic regeneration by partial hepatectomy (PHx). METHODS: The mRNA expression of various UGTs was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) with specific primers. The in vitro activity of UGTs was evaluated using different substrates such as @entity53 ( @entity16294 ), @entity1443 ( @entity11630 /7), @entity1286 ( @entity16295 ), @entity251 ( @entity16295 /3/6), @entity29797 ( @entity53187 ), and @entity12265 ( @entity53188 ). RESULTS: Whereas the activity and mRNA expression of @entity16294 , @entity16295 , @entity16295 /3/6, @entity53187 , and @entity53188 were lower, the activity and mRNA expression of @entity11630 /7 were preserved during hepatic regeneration. The mRNA expression of @entity53189 was down-regulated, whereas the mRNA expression of @entity31745 and @entity11631 was not altered by PHx. The mRNA expression of @entity31744 and @entity53190 was increased during hepatic regeneration. CONCLUSION: @entity6900 -mediated drug-metabolizing ability of the liver was altered differentially in the regenerating @entity35 liver. Individualized dosing regimen for different @entity6900 substrates may be needed when using such substrates of these enzymes in @entity1 with a regenerating liver, especially during the early postoperative period. However, the glucuronide conjugating capacity of the liver in the donor of a living donor liver transplantation is expected to completely return to normal with time after surgery.

title: Activity and expression of various isoforms of @entity858 glucuronosyltransferase are differentially regulated during hepatic regeneration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity858 :: ('MESH:D014530', 'Chemical') :: ['uridine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity29797 :: ('MESH:D000738', 'Chemical') :: ['androsterone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity943 ( @entity943 ) and @entity944 are inherited in German Shepherd @entity235 (GSDs). OBJECTIVES: To estimate the genetic parameters (heritabilities and correlations) of 3 traits of @entity943 (single @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ), 2 consecutive @entity1540 (couplets), and 3 or more consecutive @entity1165 [ @entity1165 ]). ANIMALS: Three hundred and ninety-eight GSDs. METHODS: Prospective, observational, case control study. @entity235 were phenotyped by 24-hour ambulatory ECG from 6 to 45 weeks of age. Edited ECG records included the number of incidents of (1) single @entity1540 , (2) couplets, and (3) @entity1165 . RESULTS: A data set of 1,239 Holter records from 398 GSDs was used to estimate genetic variables. Phenotypic correlations for affectedness (binarily coded 0/1) of the 3 traits ranged from 0.55 to 0.74, whereas correlations for severity (continuous values of 24-hour @entity943 counts) ranged from 0.26 to 0.39. Estimates of genetic correlation among the severity traits were 0.06 to 0.27. Estimated heritabilities were 0.54, 0.54, and 0.46 for affectedness and 0.33, 0.69, and 0.69 for severity of @entity1540 , couplets, and @entity1165 , respectively. Month and year of birth and age at ECG recording had significant effects on all 3 traits. Season of ECG recording had a significant effect on the number of single @entity1540 , but not couplets or incidents of @entity1165 . Age of onset differed, with single @entity1540 appearing an average of 4 days earlier than couplets and @entity1165 . CONCLUSION: These results imply a strong genetic component for this disease but suggest that differences in the 3 traits should be taken into consideration in studies to identify the underlying genes.

title: Genetic analysis of @entity943 in young German Shepherd XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'PVCs-ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular arrhythmias', 'VA']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dogs']


abstract: Selective intestinal decontamination with @entity4258 is useful to prevent @entity2348 in several groups of cirrhotic @entity1 at high risk of @entity281 . However, the emergence of @entity281 caused by @entity526 resistant to @entity5176 has recently been observed in cirrhotic @entity1 undergoing prophylactic @entity4258 . Our aim is to determine the characteristics of the @entity281 caused by @entity526 resistant to @entity4258 in hospitalized cirrhotic @entity1 . One @entity281 caused by @entity526 in 99 hospitalized cirrhotic @entity1 were analyzed and distributed into two groups: group I (n = 67), @entity281 caused by @entity526 sensitive to @entity4258 , and group II (n = 39), @entity281 caused by @entity526 resistant to @entity4258 . The clinical and analytical characteristics at diagnosis of the @entity281 were similar in both groups. Previous prophylaxis with @entity4258 was more frequent in group II (15/67, 22.4% vs. 32/39, 82%, P <.0001), as a result of a higher number of @entity1 submitted to continuous long-term prophylaxis in this group, whereas previous short-term prophylaxis was similar in both groups. Infections were more frequently nosocomial-acquired in group II than in group I (17/67, 25.3% vs. 20/39, 51.2%, P =.01). The type of @entity281 was similar in both groups: urinary tract @entity281 38 in group I and 24 in group II, spontaneous @entity298 and 2, spontaneous @entity2259 4 and 4, and bacterascites 1 and 0, respectively (pNS). Mortality during hospitalization was similar in the two groups (4/67, 5.9% vs. 5/39, 12.8%, pNS). None of the @entity526 resistant to @entity4258 were also resistant to @entity3524 and only one of them was resistant to @entity115 - @entity798 . Prophylaxis with @entity4258 , usually continuous long-term prophylaxis, favors the development of @entity281 caused by @entity4258 -resistant @entity526 . Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis should therefore be restricted to highly selected groups of cirrhotic @entity1 at high-risk of @entity281 . Infections caused by @entity526 resistant to @entity4258 show a severity similar to those caused by sensitive @entity526 . No significant associated resistance between @entity4258 and the antibiotics most frequently used in the treatment of @entity2348 in cirrhotic @entity1 has been observed.

title: Infections caused by @entity526 resistant to @entity4258 in hospitalized cirrhotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'hundred and six infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis 8']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the results of surgical palliation for unresectable @entity3123 , and to analyze the morbidity and mortality associated with the surgical procedure. The reasons for readmission after discharge from the hospital were also analyzed. METHODS: A retrospective study from 1995 to 2001 was done on 30 @entity1 with @entity788 operated with palliative intent, or those explored with curative intent but histopathology revealed positive resection margins or lymph node @entity3 . RESULTS: Twenty-five (83.25%) @entity1 were above 50 years of age. There were 16 (53.28%) male, and 14 (46.62%) females, 8 (26.64%) had @entity6 , 2 (6.66%) chronic @entity788 and 4 (13.32%) had smoking as risk factors. Twenty-three (76.59%) @entity1 presented with @entity1087 , 18 (59.94%) with @entity353 , 17 (56.61%) with @entity158 , 15 (49.95%) with @entity448 and 14 (46.62%) with @entity391 . Whipple's procedure was performed in 9 (29.97%) @entity1 , triple bypass in 13 (43.29%), choledochojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy in 3 (9.99%) and gastrojejunostomy alone in 5 (16.65%) @entity1 . Seven (23.31%) @entity1 had preoperative ultrasonography, while CT Scan was done in 24 (79.92%) and ERCP in 8 (26.64%) @entity1 . Histopathology showed positive resection margins in 9 (29.97%) @entity1 and lymph node @entity3 in 5 (16.65%) @entity1 . Seventeen (56.61%) @entity1 received less than 2 units of pack cells transfusion. Most of the @entity1 remained admitted in the hospital between 20 to 30 days. Post-operatively, delayed @entity356 was detected in 6 (19.98%) @entity1 , @entity255 in 2 (6.66%), wound @entity281 in 3 (9.99%), @entity834 in 2 (6.66%) and line sepsis in 2 (6.66%) @entity1 . Three (9.99%) @entity1 expired in hospital post operatively. The reasons for re-admission after discharge included @entity490 in 9 (29.97%) @entity1 , @entity417 in 3 (9.99%), @entity1321 in 3 (9.99%) and @entity293 in 2 (6.66%) @entity1 . Follow up record was available for 22 (73.26%) @entity1 . Six (19.98%) @entity1 survived for 5 to 6 months and 9 (29.97%) had a survival between 7 to 10 months. CONCLUSION: A single surgical procedure can palliate all three symptoms associated with unresectable @entity3123 , and can be carried out with reasonable safety in selected @entity1 . The commonest indication for re-admission is severe @entity490 associated with advanced @entity5 , hence chemical splanchiectomy may also be considered at the time of surgical exploration.

title: Surgical palliation for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many black @entity1 in South Africa have been subjected to urbanisation and urbanisation has led to a significant increase in diseases of lifestyle. The determinants of @entity101 in a population in transition have not been well-defined and there is a pressing need for observational epidemiological studies as well as randomised-controlled trials in populations from Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between blood pressure and factors known to contribute to @entity101 . METHODS: The study sample consisted mainly of Setswana speaking @entity1 , divided into different levels (strata) of urbanisation, namely stratum 1 (rural) to stratum 5 (urbanized). A total of 1821 black subjects, which included 1040 @entity1 , were recruited and randomly selected from 37 sites from the four geographical quarters of the North West Province of South Africa. The following questionnaires were used: demographic, anthropometric, quantitative food frequency, physical activity and scales to measure psychosocial variables. Biochemical analysis (standardised methods) were done on the serum and plasma of the subjects and the blood pressure was measured with a sphygmomanometer. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 22.8% of the subjects had systolic and 20.7% diastolic blood pressures above 140/90 mm Hg. Males and females from stratum 3 showed the highest rate of @entity101 (32.9% systolic and 25.1% diastolic) and stratum 5 the lowest. Blood pressure correlated positively with age, level of urbanisation, WHR (waist:hip ratio) and smoking. In the @entity1 the diastolic blood pressure correlated the best with body mass index (BMI), serum @entity1674 , total serum @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and s-GGT. Coping strategies, experience of social support, cultural aspects and affect balance are related to blood pressure, especially in the case of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: It seems that factors associated with urbanisation are related to the manifestation of @entity101 in black @entity1 of the North West Province, given the highest mean blood pressure in @entity1 living in informal settlements, where most newcomers to the urban areas live. Journal of @entity1 @entity101 (2000) 14, 779-787

title: An epidemiological study of XXXX and its determinants in a population in transition: the THUSA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Human', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The internal and external validity of studies is endangered by many factors, such as selection of subjects for inclusion. Selection bias itself is a major problem, but remains unmentioned and probably unexamined in the majority of published clinical trials in traumatology. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this investigation was to detect effects of subject selection which occurred during our own prospective intervention study. The clinical trial compared subjects with @entity7125 who were either treated by early mobilization or immobilization (soft collar). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Source population, eligible subjects, study @entity1 and final study @entity1 were compared for differences on various items like age, gender and further sociodemographic as well as crash related factors and clinical findings. RESULTS: Between 21.08.1997 and 30.04.1999 a total of 732 @entity1 was examined and treated after whiplash in our @entity130 department. The options for inclusion were met by 453 @entity1 . While 346 escaped from the study, 107 agreed to participate. Of these another 39 @entity1 dropped out of the study. Selection effects were detected on two different levels, leading to distinct statistical procedures from those proposed in the study protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Uncontrolled selection effects could undermine the interpretability of the results of clinical trials. Awareness of selection effects is mandatory regarding the applicability of these results to subjects, other than those in the group of the final study @entity1 .

title: [Selection of subjects: a problem of clinical trials in traumatology. Selection effects and the problem of representation as exemplified by a prospective randomized trial on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injury']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash injuries']


abstract: This is a retrospective study of the ability of percutaneous @entity661 (PTA) to treat @entity101 and @entity8 in @entity1 with haemodynamically significant @entity2791 (those over 50%). Thirty-two @entity1 underwent PTA procedure in a 4 year study period. Seventeen were male, 15 female, with an average age of 61 years. Thirty @entity1 had @entity731 and 2 had @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) lesions. The procedure was technically unsuccessful in 28% of 37 arteries attempted, primarily in the > 80% stenosis group. The mean clinical follow-up period was 20 months. In those @entity1 with technically successful PTAs, none was cured, with no change in the status of @entity101 or medication required. Clinical improvement was seen in 37% (7 of 19) @entity1 with @entity731 and who had PTA of significant unilateral lesions or of the haemodynamically significant side in cases of bilateral disease. Two @entity1 with @entity75 had improvement. Five @entity1 with PTA of only one side in cases of significant bilateral disease gained no benefit. Nine @entity1 with pre-existent @entity177 and technically successful PTAs had no improvement of renal function. No mortality or any significant morbidity resulted from the procedure. These results are more compatible with more recent than the earlier literature.

title: Use of percutaneous XXXX to treat renovascular disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['FMH lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular hyperplasia', 'FMH']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['transluminal balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['transluminal balloon angioplasty']


abstract: Activation of neurons in nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) produces hypoalgesia which most likely results from inhibition of spinal cord @entity158 transmission pathways. Previous reports from this laboratory suggest that noradrenergic (NA) neurons modulate the activity of NRM neurons. More specifically, NA projections to NRM neurons appear to be inhibitory since iontophoretically applied @entity1063 (NE) inhibits the activity of NRM neurons. Furthermore, blockade of NA receptors in the NRM by the microinjection of alpha-adrenergic antagonists produces potent @entity1337 . Thus, the NA input to the NRM appears to increase @entity158 sensitivity by tonically inhibiting NRM neurons. Pharmacological and physiological studies have differentiated alpha-adrenergic receptors into @entity6927 and alpha-2 subtypes. The present study was designed to examine the nature of the alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes in the NRM and their role in the modulation of @entity158 sensitivity. The results of these experiments are consistent with the classical model of postsynaptic @entity6927 receptors and presynaptic alpha-2 receptors which modulate NE release. Both the @entity6927 antagonist, @entity3159 , and the alpha-2 agonist, @entity1338 , produced an increase in nociceptive threshold. Conversely, both the @entity6927 agonist, @entity2647 , and the alpha-2 antagonist, @entity3160 , produced a decrease in nociceptive threshold. Thus, in the region of the NRM, both presynaptic alpha-2 and postsynaptic @entity6927 noradrenergic receptors may be involved in the modulation of nociception.

title: Evidence for XXXX modulation by pre- and postsynaptic noradrenergic receptors in the medulla oblongata.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our population-based long-term follow-up of young @entity64 @entity1 and controls showed 10-fold increased mortality and fivefold increased arterial event rate nearly 12 years after study inclusion. We now assess memory, @entity148 , @entity308 and sleep in relation to employment and functional outcome, treatment goals and results from a last alive-dead survey. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 232)  <= 49 years with an index- @entity64 between 1988 and 1997 were retrospectively selected and compared with age- and sex-matched controls (n = 453). At follow-up from 2004 to 2005, 144 (77%) of 187 @entity1 were clinically examined. Self-assessment information about @entity2414 , @entity148 , @entity308 , sleeping problems, education and employment was compared with answers from standardized questionnaires from 167 controls. Functional outcome was measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). RESULTS: @entity1 compared with controls had more @entity2414 (41.0% vs. 5.4%, P < 0.001), @entity148 (19.4% vs. 9%, P = 0.009), @entity308 (29.2% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.001) and sleeping problems (36.1% vs. 19.2%, P = 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis male gender (OR 9.3, 95%CI 0.10-0.61, P = 0.002), normal memory (OR 12.7, 95%CI 0.07-0.47, P < 0.001) and mRS 0-1 (OR 15.7, 95%CI 0.002-0.12, P < 0.001) were factors for full-time employment. Blood pressure was < 140/90 mmHg in 39% of @entity1 , 49% stopped smoking and 38.2% used statins. After a mean observation time of 18.3 years, 63 (27.2%) of 232 @entity1 were dead. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show a heterogeneous prognosis and high mortality even for long-time survivors of @entity64 at a young age. Prospective studies of young @entity64 @entity1 and controls are necessary for direct comparison.

title: XXXX at a young age is a serious event--final results of a population-based long-term follow-up in Western Norway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Ischaemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Global sagittal alignment is considered as an important aspect in the management of spinal disorders, but the evidence establishing its clinical impact in @entity19339 is still poor. This study evaluated the impact of global sagittal alignment on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of @entity1 with spondylolisthesis. METHODS: A retrospective study of 149 consecutive unoperated @entity1 and adolescents presenting with @entity19339 (117 low-grade and 32 high-grade) was performed. Two global sagittal alignment parameters were measured on standing lateral radiographs: spinal tilt (ST) and C7 plumbline deviation (C7P deviation). All @entity1 completed the SRS-22 questionnaire to assess HRQOL. Pearson's correlations were calculated between parameters of global sagittal alignment and HRQOL. Multiple regression analyses were also undertaken to account for slip percentage and @entity1513 ( @entity1513 ). RESULTS: Both global sagittal alignment parameters were correlated with the SRS-22 total score. When analyzed separately, the correlation was absent in @entity1 with a low-grade slip but remained significant for @entity1 with a high-grade slip (r = 0.35 for ST; r = -0.35 for C7P deviation). The relation was strengthened in high-grade spondylolisthesis when considering only @entity1 with a C7P in front of the posterior corner of upper sacral endplate (r = 0.48 for ST; r = -0.48 for C7P deviation) and was also positive for the SRS-22 @entity158 and appearance domains. For these last @entity1 , the relationship with global sagittal alignment remained significant in the multiple regression analysis. HRQOL was particularly worse for high-grade @entity1 with a C7P in front of the @entity572 . CONCLUSIONS: In high-grade spondylolisthesis, an increasing positive sagittal alignment was related to a poorer SRS-22 total score, especially when the C7P is in front of the @entity572 . Global sagittal alignment should particularly be assessed in @entity1 with high-grade spondylolisthesis.

title: Global sagittal alignment and health-related quality of life in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral kyphosis', 'LSK']

entities_list: @entity19339 :: ('MESH:D013168', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral spondylolisthesis']

answer: @entity19339 :: (MESH:D013168,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral spondylolisthesis']


abstract: The objective of this randomized study was to compare a thermotherapy system, @entity221 at 434 MHz and conventional ultrasound in the treatment of overuse sports @entity924 . The study group consisted of 44 athletes, 33 males and 11 females (age 26 +/- 4.56 years) affected by @entity924 at lower extremities (patellar or achilles tendons). After elucidation of the kind of trial, 22 @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity221 and 22 to ultrasound. The @entity1 received after a @entity158 measurement and ultrasound scanning 12 treatments, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The same standardized examination was done at the end of treatment and 1 month after the end of treatment. The assessor physician was unaware of the treatment allocation. The @entity1 were asked to rate the ultimate outcome on the base of @entity158 resolution and return to sports activity. Both groups had a significant @entity1109 (P<0.001). @entity221 , however, demonstrated better effects on the reduction of VAS score and on the subjective overall satisfaction (77 %) of excellent and good results in comparison to the 33 % of ultrasound. In @entity1 with chronic overuse @entity924 @entity221 at 434 MHz showed encouraging results, with short-term clinical improvement, safety and no side effects.

title: XXXX at 434 MHz in the treatment of overuse sport @entity924 : a randomised controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathies']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who have previously undergone ablation of @entity955 may experience cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent @entity956 during follow-up. The effects of left atrial (LA) ablation on the characteristics of CTI-dependent flutter have not been described. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 underwent ablation of CTI-dependent flutter late after LA ablation of AF. The ECG, biatrial activation patterns, and LA voltage maps during flutter were analyzed. Thirty age- and gender-matched @entity1 who underwent ablation of CTI-dependent flutter without prior LA ablation served as control subjects. Among the @entity1 with prior LA ablation, mapping revealed counterclockwise activation around the tricuspid annulus in 12 of 15 @entity1 (80%) and clockwise activation in 3 of 15 @entity1 (20%). The flutter waves in the inferior leads were upright in 9 of the 15 @entity1 (60%) with prior LA ablation and in none of the control subjects (P<0.001). The upright flutter waves in the inferior leads in @entity1 with counterclockwise flutter corresponded to craniocaudal activation of the right atrial free wall. LA activation contributed little to the genesis of the flutter waves in these @entity1 because of a significant @entity162 voltage (0.44+/-0.20 versus 1.54+/-0.19 mV in @entity1 with biphasic/negative flutter waves; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CTI-dependent flutter that occurs after LA ablation of @entity955 often has atypical ECG characteristics because of altered LA activation. In @entity1 presenting with @entity956 after LA ablation, entrainment mapping should be performed at the CTI even if the ECG is uncharacteristic of CTI-dependent flutter.

title: Characteristics of cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent @entity956 after left atrial ablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in bipolar LA']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: To determine the long-term effect of soluble fiber on postprandial fat metabolism, we studied 33 dyslipidemic subjects, 16 with apolipoprotein (apo) E3/3 (E3) and 17 with @entity30856 /4 or E4/4 (E4) genotypes. They ate preweighed low-fat (20% of energy), high-fiber (> 5.7 g/MJ) diets for two 4-mo periods separated by a 2-mo washout period according to a randomized, crossover design. One diet contained foods rich in insoluble fiber and the other foods rich in soluble fiber. On 1 d during the last 2 wk of each diet, subjects ingested a standard, fiber-free, fatty liquid meal containing @entity6247 as a marker of intestinally derived lipoproteins. Plasma samples were obtained at hourly intervals for 10 h. Compared with the insoluble-fiber diet, soluble fiber reduced fasting plasma total @entity165 in both E3 (6.6 +/- 2.1%, P = 0.007)and @entity14419 subjects (5.6 +/- 2.1%, P = 0.017). Soluble fiber increased fecal total @entity6741 output in both @entity30856 (76 +/- 18%, P < 0.001) and @entity14419 subjects (85 +/- 19%, P < 0.001). The incremental area under the chylomicron @entity1674 response curve was significantly greater after soluble fiber than after insoluble fiber in @entity30856 (3.56 +/- 0.56 compared with 2.87 +/- 0.38 mmol x h/L, respectively, P = 0.046) but not in @entity14419 subjects (5.19 +/- 0.78 compared with 4.92 +/- 0.81 mmol x h/L). Kinetic analysis suggested an increase in @entity6247 absorption in @entity30856 subjects after soluble fiber, but no difference in @entity14419 subjects. These results suggest that a long-term increase in dietary soluble fiber has no effect on postprandial fat metabolism in subjects with an @entity2204 /4 or @entity14419 /4 genotype. However, soluble fiber enhances apparent fat absorption in @entity30856 subjects, which could be due to an increased @entity6741 pool and increased micelle formation.

title: Long-term effect of soluble-fiber foods on postprandial fat metabolism in dyslipidemic subjects with apo @entity30856 and XXXX genotypes.

entities_list: @entity6247 :: ('MESH:C014794', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl palmitate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apo E4']


abstract: GABAA receptors of cerebellar granule cells obtained from neonatal @entity35 and kept in culture were studied by labelled muscimol binding. The data show that, according to the maturational state of those cells in vivo, one or two binding components appear. The low affinity component seems to be the one appearing later. The expression of this component seems to be regulated by protein @entity669 phosphorylation. In fact, its expression is down regulated by the protein @entity669 kinase (PTK) inhibitor, @entity670 . Viceversa, its expression is upregulated by @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ), most probably via PTK activation. A possible interpretation of the data is that in vivo @entity2135 is one of the endogenous messages leading to the expression of this component during development. Another endogenous factor involved may be @entity1246 itself. Low affinity GABAA receptors appear to be the ones involved in inhibitory synaptic transmission at glomeruli. Whereas the high affinity ones probably correspond to extrasynaptic GABAA receptors mediating the tonic form of inhibition in cerebellar granules.

title: Regulation of the expression of low affinity GABAA receptors in XXXX cerebellar granule cells.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over recent years, the use of antidepressants for the symptomatic treatment of @entity22 has grown substantially, but controlled studies are still lacking. Our study is the first investigation to prove objective efficacy and tolerability of low doses of a sedating antidepressant in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled manner in @entity1 with @entity22 . METHOD: Forty-seven drug-free @entity1 meeting DSM-IV criteria for @entity22 (mean +/- SD duration of complaints = 11.2+/-9.7 years) received either 25-50 mg of the tricyclic antidepressant doxepin or placebo for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks of placebo withdrawal. Sleep was measured by polysomnography at baseline and the first night of application, at 4 weeks of treatment and the first to third night of withdrawal, and after 2 weeks of withdrawal. RESULTS: In the doxepin-treated @entity1 who completed the study (N = 20, 47.6+/-11.3), medication significantly increased sleep efficiency after acute (night 1, p < or = .001) and subchronic (night 28, p < or = .05) intake compared with the @entity1 who received placebo (N = 20, 47.4+/-16.8 years of age). Latency to sleep onset was not affected since the @entity1 had normal baseline sleep latencies. Investigators found doxepin to cause significantly (p < or = .05) better global improvement at the first day of treatment. @entity1 rated sleep quality (p < or = .001) and working ability (p < or = .005) to be significantly improved by doxepin during the whole treatment period. Overall rebound in sleep parameters was not observed, but @entity1 with severe rebound @entity22 were significantly more frequent in the doxepin group (night 29, p < .01, night 30, p < or = .01; night 31, p < or = .05). No significant group differences in side effects were found, but 2 doxepin-treated @entity1 dropped out of the study due to specific side effects (increased liver enzymes, @entity1431 , and @entity882 ). CONCLUSION: The results support the effectiveness of low doses of doxepin to improve sleep and working ability in chronic primary insomniacs, although subjective effects were light to moderate, and in some @entity1 , rebound @entity22 and specific side effects have to be considered.

title: Doxepin in the treatment of XXXX : a placebo-controlled, double-blind, polysomnographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['primary insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['primary insomnia']


abstract: Large epidemiologic analyses of @entity65 have been limited to studies of military campaigns compiled from many surgeons working in many hospitals with variable protocols. A detailed civilian vascular @entity130 registry provides a unique opportunity for an epidemiologic evolutionary profile. During the last 30 years in a single civilian @entity130 center directed by a consistent evaluation and treatment philosophy, 4459 @entity1 were treated for 5760 @entity65 . Eighty-six per cent of the @entity1 were male, and the average age was 30.0 years. Penetrating @entity130 was the etiology in more than 90% (GSW,51.5%; SW,31.1%; SGW,6.8%). All other @entity130 were iatrogenic or secondary to blunt @entity130 . @entity130 (including the neck) accounted for 66% of all @entity130 treated, while lower extremity @entity130 (including the groin) accounted for only 19%. Injuries to the abdominal vasculature accounted for 33.7% of the @entity130 . One thousand fifty-seven @entity1 had 2 or more concurrent @entity1317 , and 32 @entity1 had 4 or more separate @entity1317 . The 27 @entity1 -per-year average of the early 1960s has risen to a current average of 213 @entity1 per year. Economic and population factors influenced wounding agents and injury patterns during the evaluation period. This extensive civilian series presents epidemiologic profiles that are distinctly different from military reports and serves as a guide for current @entity130 center and health planners.

title: Five thousand seven hundred sixty @entity65 in 4459 XXXX . Epidemiologic evolution 1958 to 1987.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Truncal injuries', 'injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The use of human serum @entity2313 (HSA) instead of fetal cord serum (FCoS) as protein supplement highly simplifies the preparation of culture medium for @entity1 @entity52 ( @entity52 ) but whether they are equivalent in sustaining embryo development is still controversial. We performed a prospective randomized study of @entity1 undergoing @entity52 or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) where embryos were cultured in Earle's balanced salt solution containing either 8% (v/v) FCoS or 0.4% (w/v) HSA as protein source. Fertilization rates, morphological @entity2085 and pregnancy rates were compared. A total of 2189 oocytes from 210 cycles were cultured in medium supplemented with HSA in @entity1 group 1 and 2109 oocytes from 203 cycles in medium supplemented with FCoS in @entity1 group 2. The fertilization rate, defined as the presence of two nuclei, for microinjected oocytes was similar in both @entity1 groups (77.4 and 76.7%, respectively). The fertilization rate for inseminated oocyte-cumulus complexes was significantly higher in the HSA group than in the FCoS group (62.9 versus 53.8%, P < 0.025). The @entity2085 was significantly better after culture in medium supplemented with HSA than with FCoS (13.7 versus 9.9% morphologically excellent embryos, P < 0.001). Implantation rates per transferred embryo were not significantly different (22.5 versus 18.2%), but there was a significantly higher pregnancy rate per embryo transfer in the HSA group (45.7 versus 35.9%, P < 0.05, respectively). Non-evolutive pregnancy rates were significantly different (27.4 and 16.7%). Our data demonstrate that the use of human serum @entity2313 as a protein supplement for culture medium in @entity1 @entity52 programmes is associated with improved @entity2085 and significantly higher pregnancy rates. For this reason as well as the additional benefits of being virus-free and being purified, HSA is preferable to FCoS for the preparation of culture media in @entity1 @entity52 .

title: Prospective randomized study comparing human serum XXXX with fetal cord serum as protein supplement in culture medium for @entity52 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic quality']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in-vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

answer: @entity2313 :: (213,Gene) :: ['albumin']


abstract: A 52-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with left anterior @entity662 . On physical examination, an elastic hard mass sized in 3.0 x 2.5 cm was palpable at the left suprasternal area. Chest X-ray film showed a large mass shadow in the cervico-thoracic region, and CT films revealed a well-defined mass in the superior mediastinum which was heterogeneously enhanced by contrast medium. Operation was performed under the preoperative diagnosis of @entity6732 extending upwards. At operation, the @entity5 was located between the @entity825 and the left subclavian artery in the superior mediastinum displacing these structures and extending to the neck. Resected specimen which was 5.5 x 3.5 x 3.0 cm in size and 42 gm in weight was well encapsulated and highly vascularized. On microscopic findings, the @entity5 was finally diagnosed as @entity1823 . According to the classification of Glenner and Grimley, it was thought that the @entity5 originated from subclavian paraganglion in the superior mediastinum. @entity1823 had rarely been reported in the literatures. As @entity1823 , our @entity1 was the first reported case in Japan.

title: [A case of XXXX in the superior mediastinum extending to the neck].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian paraganglioma', 'Subclavian paraganglioma', 'paraganglioma']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['subclavian paraganglioma']


abstract: Lengthening osteotomy of the calcaneus (LO) and flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDL) transfer to the navicular is one option for the treatment of flexible @entity85 ( @entity85 ). The aim of the study was to analyse the amount of correction and clinical outcome including pedographic assessment. In a prospective consecutive non-controlled clinical followup study, all @entity1 with @entity85 that were treated with LO and FDL from September 1st 2006 to August 31st, 2009 were included. Assessment was performed before surgery and at 2-year-followup including clinical examination (with staging of @entity1887 ) weight bearing radiographs ( @entity5513 ( @entity5513 )), pedography (increased midfoot contact area and force) and Visual Analogue Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA). 112 feet in 102 @entity1 were analysed (age, 57.6 (13-82), 42% male). In 12 feet (9%) wound healing delay without further surgical measures was registered. All @entity1 achieved full weight bearing during the 7th postoperative week. Until followup, revision surgery was done in 3 @entity1 (fusion calcaneocuboid joint (n=2), correction triple arthrodesis (n=1)). 101 feet (90%) completed 2-year-followup. @entity5513 dorsoplantar/lateral/Index and VAS FA scores were increased, and @entity1887 stage, pedographic midfoot contact area and force percentage were decreased (each p<.05). All relevant parameters (stage of @entity1887 , @entity5513 angles and Index, pedographic midfoot contact area and force percentage, VAS FA) were improved 2 years after LO and FDL transfer to the navicular in @entity85 . The complication rate was low. This method allows safe and predictable correction.

title: Lengthening osteotomy of the calcaneus and flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer in flexible XXXX improves talo-1st metatarsal-Index, clinical outcome and pedographic parameter.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot deformity', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['Talo-1st metatarsal angles', 'TMT']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['posterior tibialis insufficiency']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['flatfoot deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common cause of @entity9718 (HSP) is mutations in the @entity12408 gene. We have previously identified novel @entity12408 mutations in a collection of North American families including the @entity56181 mutation present in two families from Quebec. The aim of this study is to estimate the frequency of the @entity56181 mutation in the French Canadian (FC) population and to determine whether this mutation originates from a common ancestor. METHODS: We collected and sequenced exon 15 in probands of 37 families. Genotypes of markers flanking the @entity12408 gene were used to construct haplotypes in five families. Clinical information was reviewed by a neurologist with expertise in HSP. RESULTS: We have identified three additional unrelated families with the @entity56181 mutation and haplotype analysis revealed that all five families share a common ancestor. The mutation is present in 7% of all our FC families and explains half of our spastin linked FC families. The phenotype associated with the @entity56181 genotype is pure HSP with @entity1494 . CONCLUSION: In this study we have determined that the relative frequency of the @entity56181 mutation in our FC collection is 7%, and approximately 50% in the spastin positive FC group. This mutation is the most common HSP mutation identified in this population to date and is suggestive of a founder effect in Quebec.

title: @entity12408 founder effect in French Canadians with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder involvement']

answer: @entity9718 :: (MESH:D015419,Disease) :: ['hereditary spastic paraplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of interference screw and @entity1795 longus tendon as augmentation material in repair of chronic @entity397 . METHODS: From October 2004 to June 2007, 32 @entity1 (35 feet) with chronic @entity397 were treated, including 21 males (22 feet) and 11 females (13 feet) and aging 32-85 years. The disease course was 4-132 days. There were 29 @entity1 with hooflike movements history and 3 @entity1 without obvious inducement. The result of Thompson test was positive in 31 cases (33 feet). The score was 56.09 +/- 7.25 according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scoring system (AOFAS). MRI indicated that the gap of the chronic @entity397 was 0.5-5.0 cm. Medial foot incision associated with medial heel incision or only medial heel incision was made to harvest @entity1795 longus tendon. The tendon should be 3 cm longer than the end of the Achilles tendon, then fix the tendon to the calcaneus. RESULTS: Wound dehiscence occurred and wound healed after dressing change in 1 case; wound healed by first intention in other @entity1 . Thirty-two @entity1 were followed up for 12-32 months (mean 19.4 months). The AOFAS score was 94.22 +/- 4.63, showing statistically significant difference when compared with that before operation (P < 0.01). The results were excellent in 28 cases, good in 3 cases and fair in 1 case. No sural @entity128 , posterior @entity4957 , plantar @entity158 and @entity128 occurred. CONCLUSION: @entity1795 a desirable outcome in operative recovery, tendon fixation and complications.

title: [Reconstruction of chronic @entity397 with XXXX longus tendon transfer].

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury', 'lateral plantar nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['tibial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful scar, medial plantar nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['Flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer offers', 'flexor hallucis']

answer: @entity1795 :: (MESH:D052582,Disease) :: ['flexor hallucis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine differences in a major enzyme system for hepatic metabolism of drugs, @entity5322 , by measuring RNA levels in the liver tissue of subjects with and without @entity99 and with primary versus metastatic @entity96 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified liver specimens from a hospital-wide tissue repository of @entity1 having liver resection for a clinical indication. Total RNA isolation, complementary DNA synthesis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed according to the standards. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Standard statistical analyses were performed with significance set to a=0.05. RESULTS: Liver tissue from 27 subjects was available for analysis: 13 were without @entity5 and 14 had either primary @entity409 (n=7) or metastatic disease (n=7). Median age was 57 y, and half of the subjects were @entity1 . More than 80% of subjects were overweight or @entity28 without differentiation between benign or @entity5 . Fewer than 20% of subjects had @entity6 or @entity1007 . No preresection laboratory differences were noted between the groups (benign versus malignant or primary versus metastatic disease). Subjects with malignant @entity96 had significantly lower relative-fold @entity5322 RNA content than those with @entity96 (P=0.009), but no difference in the @entity5322 RNA content between primary and metastatic disease was seen. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates differences in the expression of @entity5322 in benign and malignant @entity1 @entity96 and contributes to understanding the possible impact of @entity99 .

title: Impact of XXXX on @entity5322 gene expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'benign liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver malignancies']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic malignancy', 'malignancy on hepatic metabolism']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic impact of a new oncolytic @entity6621 in a @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity19 model and its potential for treating distant metastatic disease. BACKGROUND: TNBCs are aggressive @entity5 associated with a high metastatic rate. Their lack of targets for hormonal/biological therapy presents significant clinical challenges and a dire need for novel therapies. METHODS: @entity15821 -1h153, a replication-competent @entity6621 , was tested against multiple cell lines. @entity137 and viral replication were determined. Intratumoral (IT) or intravenous (IV) injection of @entity15821 -1h153 (1   10(7) plaque-forming units) or @entity1391 buffered saline was tested in an orthotopic @entity19 model, which reliably produces systemic @entity3 . @entity5 , lymph nodes, and metastatic organs (lung, liver, and brain) were harvested 5 and 8 weeks after treatment and prepared for histopathological review. Demonstration of @entity3 was performed using immunofluorescence and @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) staining. RESULTS: @entity15821 -1h153 infected, replicated in, and killed all @entity0 cell lines in vitro. In vivo, mean @entity5 volume 2 weeks after treatment was 22 (IT), 29 (IV) versus 245 mm(3) (control; P < 0.002). Five weeks after treatment, all harvested lymph nodes and organs showed no evidence of metastatic cells. All harvested @entity5 showed complete response to treatment, with only @entity39 and @entity82 on H_E staining 8 weeks after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate that TNBCs are killed by a novel @entity6621 both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that @entity15821 -1h153 is a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and treating metastatic @entity0 and warrants further clinical testing in @entity1 .

title: @entity6621 XXXX -1h153 is effective in treating and preventing metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['triple-negative breast cancer', 'TNBC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity15821 :: (29255,Species) :: ['GLV']


abstract: The ultrastructure of the periventricular and choroid plexus tissues was studied in the three-week-old @entity19 , infected with the @entity8310 virus (VSV) by the intranasal route. The VSV reached the periventricular ependymal lining late in @entity281 . It was carried within the cytoplasm of myelinated axons and their sheath cells. Inflammatory cells, although few in numbers, may have also contributed to the virus dissemination. Once in the periventricular tissues the VSV entered the cells from the intercellular space. It replicated in both the ependymal and subependymal cells. It matured either directly in the cytoplasm, or by budding from the plasmalemma as well as the cytoplasmic membranes. In numerous cells the cytoplasmic membranes formed the so-called undulating tubules which contained the VSV particles. The infected ependymal cells became @entity39 and separated from the ventricular surface. The changes were similar in all three of the cerebral ventricles. At no time during the @entity281 was the VSV observed near or within any of the choroid plexuses. Some ultrastructural changes, however, occurred in the choroidal epithelial cells. These may have developed either as a consequence of viral damage in the periventricular tissues, or due to virus presence in the cerebral ventricles.

title: Ultrastructure of XXXX periventricular and choroid plexus tissues in experimental vesicular stomatitis virus infection.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that the @entity534 allele of beta3-adrenergic receptor ( @entity21276 ) gene is associated with body mass index (BMI), which is an important predictor of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity174 risk. However, whether the @entity21276 gene polymorphism is associated with @entity174 risk has not been investigated. The aim of study was to examine the inter-relationships between @entity21276 gene polymorphisms, BMI, @entity79 and @entity174 risk in elderly Caucasians. METHODS: Genotypes of the @entity21276 gene were determined in 265 @entity1 and 446 @entity1 aged 60+ in 1989 at entry into the study, whose @entity79 were measured by DXA (GE Lunar, WI USA) at baseline. During the follow-up period (between 1989 and 2004), @entity174 were ascertained by reviewing radiography reports and personal interviews. RESULTS: The allelic frequencies of the Trp and the @entity534 alleles were 0.925 and 0.075 respectively, and the relative frequencies of genotypes Trp/Trp, Trp/ @entity534 and @entity534 / @entity534 0.857, 0.138 and 0.006 respectively. There was no significant association between BMI and @entity21276 genotypes (p = 0.10 in @entity1 and p = 0.68 in @entity1 ). There was also no significant association between @entity21276 genotypes and lumbar spine or femoral neck @entity79 in either @entity1 and @entity1 . Furthermore, there were no significant association between @entity21276 genotypes and @entity174 risk in both @entity1 and @entity1 , either before or after adjusting for and, @entity79 and BMI. CONCLUSION: The present data suggested that in Caucasian population the contribution of @entity21276 genotypes to the prediction of BMI, @entity79 and @entity174 risk is limited.

title: Beta3-adrenergic receptor gene, body mass index, @entity79 and XXXX risk in elderly @entity1 and @entity1 : the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES).

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: Liraglutide, a @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) analogue, is an antidiabetic drug. It has been shown to improve @entity409 , but the mechanism remains somewhat unclear. Leptin can also improve endothelial function. @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is linked to hyperleptinemia, and leptin resistance, how liraglutide influences the effect of leptin on endothelial function, is never reported. We used @entity7609 (PA) to mimic @entity407 in endothelial cells to explore the cardio-protective mechanism of liraglutide and its impact on the role of leptin. METHODS: @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with PA for 16  h and then were treated with liraglutide for 30  min. RESULTS: PA elevated not only phosphorylation of JNK and @entity18159 /b, but also the expression of @entity650 in HUVECs. These effects of PA were reversed by liraglutide. In addition, liraglutide increased phosphorylation of eNOS, @entity21060 , and the release of NO but had no effect on @entity6164 phosphorylation. In addition, leptin elevated eNOS phosphorylation but was abrogated by PA. However, in the presence of liraglutide, leptin regained its function of elevating eNOS phosphorylation. Last, we found that @entity32267 inhibited PA-elevated @entity5740 , which is a marker of leptin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5445 impairs endothelial inflammatory signals, improves endothelial function, and reverses leptin resistance.

title: @entity32267 ameliorates palmitate-induced @entity409 through activating XXXX and reversing leptin resistance.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

entities_list: @entity32267 :: ('MESH:C439759', 'Chemical') :: ['liraglutide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity21060 :: (5562,Gene) :: ['AMPK']


abstract: @entity18659 are often misdiagnosed and treated as @entity169 . Thus, laparoscopic groin exploration may be a valuable means of evaluating @entity1 with presumed recurrent @entity169 . This study describes the feasibility of laparoscopic groin exploration and @entity18659 repair in @entity1 . Four @entity1 (aged 2, 2, 3, and 17 years) with reported unilateral recurrent @entity169 underwent diagnostic laparoscopy via a 4-mm pediatric laparoscope. Contralateral defects were visualized in all four @entity1 ; there were three @entity18659 . None of the @entity717 had been suspected clinically. Of the seven femoral defects, five were repaired laparoscopically. One patulous defect was repaired by reapproximating the iliopubic tract to Cooper's ligament and overlaying a preperitoneal Teflon felt(R) patch. The other four defects were repaired using a Teflon felt(R) plug and preperitoneal patch. A total of three ports were required in each @entity1 (umbilical, suprapubic, and one in between). Two femoral defects in one @entity1 required open repair because a large @entity362 prevented adequate visualization and diagnosis. The @entity169 was also repaired using the open technique. Laparoscopic groin exploration and @entity18659 repair in pediatric @entity1 is safe and technically feasible. Its advantages, however, such as superior diagnostic ability and simultaneous bilateral tension-free repair, need to be validated with a larger study and longer follow-up.

title: Laparoscopic diagnosis and repair of pediatric XXXX . Initial experience of four cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18659 :: ('MESH:D006550', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral hernias', 'femoral hernia', 'femoral hernias and one direct inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral defects']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'direct inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity18659 :: (MESH:D006550,Disease) :: ['femoral hernia']