abstract: A cDNA corresponding to the membrane receptor for @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) directly from @entity1 skin. The cDNA was cloned and found to have complete sequence homology to the extracellular domain of @entity1 liver @entity9045 ( @entity9045 ). Northern analysis, using the cloned @entity9045 as probe, revealed relatively higher levels of @entity9045 transcripts in cultured @entity1 dermal fibroblasts compared to cultured keratinocytes or keratome biopsies. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the level of @entity9045 mRNA in cultured melanocytes was similar to that in fibroblasts. The receptor protein encoded by @entity9045 mRNA in fibroblasts was shown by affinity cross-linking to have an apparent M(r) of 115-120 kDa, similar to that of 3T3-F442A fibroblasts used as a control. mRNA transcripts for the major mediator of @entity2124 actions, @entity442 ( @entity442 ), were detected by PCR in fibroblasts, melanocytes, and keratome biopsies, but not in keratinocytes. In contrast, @entity442 receptor mRNA were abundant in cultured keratinocytes and skin biopsies, as determined by Northern analysis. @entity442 but not @entity2124 (5-50 ng/ml) promoted clonal proliferation of cultured keratinocytes. In contrast, @entity2124 (10 ng/ml) after 5 d markedly increased fibroblast cell numbers (70%, p less than 0.009) over 0.2% serum control. These data indicate that @entity1 skin cells possess the molecular elements necessary to respond to @entity2124 and raise the possibility that @entity2124 may influence skin growth in vivo.

title: Expression of @entity9045 , @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and @entity442 receptor mRNA and proteins in XXXX skin.

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We developed a rapid-scanning, light-scattering densitometer by which extensive measurements of band migration speeds and band profiles of chemotactic bands of @entity526 in motility buffer both with and without @entity563 have been made. The purpose is to test the applicability of the phenomenological model proposed by Keller and Segel (J. Theor. Biol. 1971. 30:235) and to determine the motility (mu) and chemotactic (delta) coefficients of the bacteria. We extend the previous analytical solution of the simplified Keller-Segel model by taking into account the substrate diffusion which turns out to be significant in the case of @entity26 . We demonstrate that unique sets of values of mu and delta can be obtained for various samples at different stages of migration by comparing the numerical solution of the model equation and the experimental data. The rapid-scanning technique also reveals a hitherto unobserved time-dependent fine structure in the bacterial band. We give a qualitative argument to show that the fine structure is an example of the dissipative structure that arises from a nonlinear coupling between the bacterial density and the @entity26 concentration gradient. Implications for a further study of the dissipative structure in testing the Keller-Segel model of @entity6722 are briefly discussed.

title: Spatio-temporal structure of migrating chemotactic band of XXXX . I. Traveling band profile.

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Fruits of the @entity2484 ( @entity2484 . Arecaceae) are very commonly consumed in many parts of the world and are a vital component of the diet in most of the Arabian countries. This preliminary study documents for the first time its antioxidant and antimutagenic properties in vitro. There was a dose-dependent inhibition of @entity224 and @entity3787 radicals by an aqueous extract of date fruit. The amount of fresh extract required to scavenge 50% of @entity224 radicals was equivalent to 0.8 mg/mL of date fruit in the @entity8728 photoreduction method. An extract of 2.2 mg/mL of date fruit was needed for 50% @entity3787 -radical-scavenging activity in the deoxyribose degradation method. Concentrations of 1.5 and 4.0 mg/mL completely inhibited @entity224 and @entity3787 radicals, respectively. Aqueous date extract was also found to inhibit significantly the lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. In an @entity8798 / @entity9050 system, an extract of 1.9 mg/mL of date fruit was needed for 50% inhibition of lipid @entity2627 . In a time course inhibition study of lipid @entity2625 , at a 2.0 mg/mL concentration of date extract, there was a complete inhibition of TBARS formation in the early stages of the incubation period that increased during later stages of the incubation. Similarly, in the high @entity8798 / @entity9050 induction system a concentration of 2.3 mg/mL inhibited @entity6738 formation measured by DNPH reaction by 50%. Moreover, a concentration of 4.0 mg/mL completely inhibited lipid @entity2625 and protein @entity6738 formation. Date fruit extract also produced a dose-dependent inhibition of @entity3014 -induced mutagenecity on Salmonella tester strains TA-98 and TA-100 with metabolic activation. Extract from 3.6 mg/plate and 4.3 mg/plate was found required for 50% inhibition of His+ revertant formation in TA-98 and TA-100, respectively. These results indicate that antioxidant and antimutagenic activity in date fruit is quite potent and implicates the presence of compounds with potent free-radical-scavenging activity.

title: Antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of aqueous extract of date fruit ( XXXX . Arecaceae).

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity2484 :: ('42345', 'Species') :: ['date palm', 'Phoenix dactylifera L']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity2484 :: (42345,Species) :: ['Phoenix dactylifera L']


abstract: AIM: To discuss about the perioperative problems encountered in @entity1 with @entity3116 ( @entity3116 ) caused by @entity2963 . METHODS: In our hospital, 4,130 cholecystectomies were carried out for symptomatic @entity2963 from January 2000 to March 2004 and only 12 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3116 . The perioperative data of these 12 @entity3116 @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity3116 due to @entity2963 was nearly 0.3%. The mean age was 57 years. Most of the @entity1 presented with non-specific complaints. Only two @entity1 were considered to have @entity3116 when @entity5990 was observed during the investigations. Nine @entity1 underwent emergency laparotomy with a pre-operative diagnosis of acute abdomen. In the remaining three @entity1 , elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was converted to open surgery after identification of @entity3116 . Ten @entity1 had @entity4570 and two @entity1 had @entity292 . The mean hospital stay was 13 d. Two wound infections, three bile leakages and three mortalities were observed. CONCLUSION: Cholecystectomy has to be performed in early stage in the @entity1 who were diagnosed as @entity2963 to prevent the complications like @entity3116 which is seen rarely. Suspicion of @entity3116 should be kept in mind, especially in the case of difficult dissection during cholecystectomy and attention should be paid in order to prevent @entity130 .

title: @entity3116 due to XXXX : a single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone ileus']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystocholedochal fistula']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['IBF', 'internal biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injuries']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystoduodenal fistula']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['cholelithiasis']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) has previously been shown, in adult @entity19 lung, to alter the distribution of phospholipid associated with the pulmonary surfactant and to affect the activity of phospholipase A2, an enzyme involved in synthesis of the surfactant. However there are no data available on the effects of maternal exposure to @entity4966 on fetal lung development. To determine if maternal @entity4966 exposure may affect fetal pulmonary development, pregnant @entity19 were treated with @entity4966 (3000 mg/kg body wt.) administered intraperitoneally on day 17 of pregnancy. Fetuses were examined on the 18th and 19th gestational days and the 1st, 5th and 10th postnatal days. @entity4966 caused increased mortality among 18- and 19-day-old fetuses and 1-day-old newborn @entity19 . In addition mean body weight was reduced on the 1st postnatal day in animals exposed to @entity4966 . Specific lung weights were also significantly reduced on both the 18th and 19th gestational days. More importantly, total lung phospholipid content was @entity308 immediately before birth; total DNA was not affected. These results suggest that prenatal maternal exposure to @entity4966 may delay pulmonary maturation during the critical period when surfactant synthesis is initiated.

title: XXXX -induced pneumotoxicity in fetal and neonatal @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['Trichloroethylene']


abstract: Shortened telomere length is associated with increased @entity5 incidence and mortality. Populations experiencing chronic stress have accelerated telomere @entity3207 . In this exploratory study, we examined associations between longitudinal changes in @entity1 reported outcomes (PRO) of psychologic distress and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) telomere length to test the hypothesis that modulation of the chronic stress response would also modulate telomere dynamics. Archived PBMC specimens (N = 22) were analyzed from a completed and reported randomized, longitudinal trial that showed a psychosocial telephone counseling intervention improved quality of life (QOL) and modulated stress-associated biomarkers in cervical @entity5 survivors. PROs and biospecimens were collected at baseline and 4 months postenrollment. Telomere length of archived PBMCs was evaluated using the flow-FISH assay. Longitudinal changes in psychologic distress, measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, were significantly associated with increased telomere length within the @entity5750 (+) (monocyte) population (r = -0.46, P = 0.043); a similar trend was observed for the @entity5750 (-) population. Longitudinal changes in telomere length of the @entity5750 (-) subset, primarily T lymphocytes, were associated with longitudinal increases in the naive T-cell population (r = 0.49, P = 0.052). Alterations in the chronic stress response were associated with modulation of telomere length in PBMCs, with evidence for mobilization of "younger" cells from progenitor populations. These data provide preliminary support for the (i) capacity to modulate the chronic stress response and the associated accelerated telomere @entity3207 , (ii) inclusion of telomere length in the biobehavioral paradigm, and (iii) potential link between the chronic stress response and biologic mechanisms responsible for genomic integrity and @entity105 .

title: Longitudinal change in telomere length and the chronic stress response in a randomized pilot biobehavioral clinical study: implications for XXXX prevention.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Changes in food intake affect the @entity249 in both sexes, and the nutritional signals involved and the sites that receive those signals are now beginning to be unravelled. Our studies have focussed on the mature male @entity742 , a model in which high food intake stimulates GnRH-LH pulse frequency for only 10-20 days but continues to promote testicular growth over several months. Different signals and different target organs seem to be responsible for these short- and long-term responses. Short-term dietary treatments lead to changes in blood concentrations of @entity413 , @entity1718 , @entity26434 and leptin, and concentrations of @entity413 , @entity26434 , leptin and some @entity1522 in cerebrospinal fluid. It seems unlikely that @entity1522 affect GnRH-LH secretion directly in @entity742 . Intracerebroventricular infusions of @entity26434 specifically increase LH pulse frequency, but intravenous, intra-abomasal or intracerebroventricular infusions of @entity413 have no effect, despite their effects on cerebrospinal fluid @entity26434 concentrations. The addition of @entity1718 to the diet also increases LH pulse frequency, but does not affect the concentrations of @entity26434 or leptin in the cerebrospinal fluid. It appears that acute responses to changes in nutrition involve a range of alternative pathways, possibly including interactions among @entity26434 , leptin and energy substrates. Effects of long-term dietary treatments on testicular size are only partly dependent on the @entity1176 -LH system (that is, on brain control) and so must also depend on other, as yet unknown, pathways. Concepts of 'metabolic sensing and integration' are being developed from the basis of existing knowledge of the central control of appetite and reproduction.

title: Metabolic factors affecting the @entity249 in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['reproductive axis']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: In order to detect contamination in foodstuffs originating from animals, three different diagnostic methods were tested in comparison: cultivation in permissive cell cultures, microparticle antigen capture system per FACS ( @entity4262 ) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Assessment implied relevance for health, sensitivity and specificity. @entity281 in @entity1707 served as a model. The blood and organs of healthy, but persistently infected as well as specifically diseased animals were examined. In addition, artificially Aujeszky-contaminated milk, black pudding and minced meat were included in the comparison of methods. Basically, all three methods of detecting contamination in raw foodstuffs originating from animals were useful. The virus detection in cell cultures as well as the efficacy of @entity4262 were inhibited by meat products according to their preparation (e. @entity32405 protein denaturation). PCR turned out to be the only reliable method to confirm the contamination in foodstuffs. Using PCR, viral contamination in foodstuffs originating from healthy but persistently infected animals could be detected. Each of the three virus detection systems has various advantages and disadvantages. They are listed and discussed in detail. With regard to the relevance of health, virus detection in raw meat via cell culture remains the preferred method. Besides the detection of an individual virus, routine examinations of foodstuffs for unknown zoonotic virus contamination, sets based on permissive cell cultures, primer sets for the PCR as well as sets based on various monoclonal antibodies for @entity4262 have to be developed and made available at the diagnostic laboratories.

title: [Comparative investigations of practice-oriented methods for the detection of viruses in food with @entity281 in XXXX as an example].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Aujeszky infection']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: There is currently no single histological or genotypic marker that reliably predicts the biological behavior of @entity213 ( @entity213 ). While multiple genetic mutations have been investigated, no single genotypic alteration has consistently correlated with @entity146 . Phenotypic markers may prove more predictive, because they can represent many different genetic alterations. We investigated the frequency of centrosome hyperamplification in @entity213 and examined its usefulness as a marker for @entity5 recurrence. STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of archived paraffin blocks using immunohistochemistry. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 who underwent resection of oral @entity1544 were reviewed. Ten @entity1 had @entity5 that recurred locally within 1 year of resection, and 8 @entity1 were @entity5 free at 5 years. The amount of centrosome hyperamplification in the @entity5 specimens and all surgical margins was graded as follows: 0, none; 1+, rare hyperamplification; 2+, greater than 10% of cells per high-powered field; and 3 +, greater than 20% of cells per high-powered field. RESULTS: Centrosome hyperamplification was found in 17 of 18 @entity5 (94%). Grade 2+ or 3+ hyperamplification was found more in @entity5 that recurred (9 of 10) than in those that did not (3 of 8) and was more prevalent in the histologically normal margins of @entity1 with recurrence (8 of 10) than in those without recurrent @entity5 (3 of 8). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the extremely frequent occurrence of centrosome hyperamplification in @entity213 . Centrosome hyperamplification is a phenotypic marker for @entity213 and can reflect multiple genotypic changes. Its presence in histologically normal margins suggests that it may be useful for analysis of @entity5 and @entity5 margins.

title: Centrosome hyperamplification in XXXX : a potential phenotypic marker of @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['cavity squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: This study evaluated possible effects of smoking and @entity32 on salivary antioxidants in @entity2522 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty otherwise healthy @entity2522 @entity1 (10 self-reported smokers) and 20 periodontally and systemically healthy volunteer subjects were enrolled in the study. Whole saliva samples and full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained at baseline and one month following initial phase of treatment in @entity2522 @entity1 . Salivary @entity4874 , @entity2041 and @entity620 concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity were determined, and the data generated were tested by non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Salivary cotinine measurements resulted in re-classification of three self-reported non-smokers as smokers. Smoker @entity1 revealed significantly higher probing depths but lower bleeding values than non-smoker @entity1 (p=0.044 and 0.001, respectively). Significant reductions in clinical recordings were obtained in non-smoker (all p<0.05) and smoker (all p<0.01) @entity1 following periodontal treatment. Salivary total @entity2041 concentrations were reduced following therapy in @entity2522 @entity1 who smoke (p<0.01). Otherwise, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in biochemical parameters at baseline or following treatment (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, neither smoking nor @entity32 compromised the antioxidant capacity of saliva in systemically healthy @entity2522 @entity1 .

title: Effects of smoking and XXXX on salivary antioxidant capacity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['gingival inflammation']


abstract: The Prostate, Lung, @entity43 Screening Trial is enrolling 148,000 @entity1 and @entity1 ages 55-74 at ten screening centers nationwide with balanced randomization to intervention and control arms. For @entity263 , @entity1 receive a digital rectal examination and a blood test for @entity1486 . For @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity1 receive a posteroanterior view chest X-ray. For @entity14 , @entity1 and @entity1 undergo a 60-cm flexible sigmoidoscopy. For @entity43 , @entity1 receive a blood test for the @entity10224 @entity5 marker and transvaginal ultrasound. Members of the control arm continue with their usual care. Follow-up in both groups will continue for at least 13 years from randomization to assess health status and cause of @entity204 . The primary endpoint is mortality from the four PLCO @entity5 , which accounts for about 53% of all @entity5 deaths in @entity1 and 41% of @entity5 deaths in @entity1 in the United States each year. Blood specimens are collected from screened @entity1 , buccal cell DNA from controls, and histology slides from cases; these are maintained in a biorepository. @entity1 complete a baseline questionnaire (covering health status and risk factors) and a dietary questionnaire. More than 12,000 @entity1 were enrolled in the pilot phase (concluded in September 1994). Changes in the eligibility criteria followed. As of April 2000, enrollment exceeded 144,500. Data are scanned into designated on-site computers for uploading by @entity1 identification number to the coordinating center for quality checks, archival storage, and preparation of analysis datasets for use by the National @entity5 Institute (NCI). Scientific direction is provided by NCI scientists, trial investigators, external consultants, and an independent data safety and monitoring board. Performance and data quality are monitored via data edits, site visits, random record audits, and teleconferences. The PLCO trial is formally endorsed by the American @entity5 Society and has been ranked by the American Urological Association as one of the most @entity263 studies being conducted. Special efforts to enroll black @entity1 are cosponsored by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

title: The Prostate, Lung, @entity43 Screening Trial of the National XXXX Institute: history, organization, and status.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['important prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: @entity923 is a common disorder responsible for considerable @entity1 suffering and cost to health services. Despite extensive research, controversies still exist with regards to best practice in diagnosis, treatment, and service provision. Current @entity3987 would support the use of history, examination and electro-diagnostic studies. The role for ultrasound scanning in diagnosis of @entity923 is yet to be proven. It appears magnetic resonance image scanning has a role where a rare cause for @entity923 may be suspected and also in the detailed reconstruction of the anatomy to aid endoscopic procedures. Treatment options can be surgical or non-surgical and @entity1 choice will dictate the decision. For non-surgical interventions many options have been trialled but until now only @entity134 use, acupuncture, and splinting have shown discernable benefits. Open surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel appears to be more simple and cost-effective than minimally invasive interventions. For those @entity1 who reject surgery, splinting, acupuncture, and @entity134 injection can play a role. Recent work looking at different service delivery options has shown some positive results in terms of decreasing @entity1 waiting time for definitive treatment. However, no formal cost-effectiveness analysis has been published and concerns exist about the impact of a stream-lined service on surgical training. In this review, we look at the different diagnostic and treatment options for managing @entity923 . We then consider the different service delivery options and finally the cost-effectiveness evidence.

title: Is there Light at the End of the Tunnel? Controversies in the Diagnosis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['best practise']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Topical corticosteroids have been in use since 1957. Two percent to 5% of @entity1 attending patch test (PT) clinics have problems with corticosteroid contact @entity56 . Controversies abound with regard to the choice of @entity230 in the standard battery, the method of patch testing and reading, and the ideal concentration and vehicle. OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity289 (1% pet.), @entity20773 (0.25% petrolatum [pet.]), and @entity20017 (1% pet.) used in the authors' standard battery. METHODS: Data were analyzed for @entity1 seen between January 1994 and December 1996 who had positive PT reactions to one or more of these @entity230 . RESULTS: 3,603 @entity1 had standard PTs, of which 20 had positive reactions to one or more of these @entity230 . There were three positive reactions to @entity289 , 17 to @entity53984 , and none to @entity21289 . On further patch testing to the authors' @entity134 battery, only one @entity53984 -positive @entity1 had a positive reaction to @entity701 (1% @entity1068 / @entity3733 [ @entity3733 ]). CONCLUSIONS: Corticosteroid @entity566 is found to be relatively uncommon in Singapore on the basis of this screening series. The frequency of negative reactions to @entity20773 is sufficiently low for this corticosteroid to be excluded from the authors standard series. The significance of positive @entity53984 reactions remains unknown. From the review of other relevant literature, the authors recommend that @entity4184 be added to their present series. Testing @entity289 in 1% @entity1068 may yield more @entity56 . Individuals with a positive allergic PT reaction to one corticosteroid should subsequently be tested to a full corticosteroid series.

title: Corticosteroid contact XXXX screening in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity289 :: ('MESH:D001624', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone 17-valerate']

entities_list: @entity20017 :: ('MESH:C019112', 'Chemical') :: ['tixocortol pivalate']

entities_list: @entity20773 :: ('MESH:D005446', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity53984 :: ('MESH:C040971', 'Chemical') :: ['tixocortol']

entities_list: @entity21289 :: ('MESH:C035394', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocinolone']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['DMSO', 'dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['positive allergic reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: The prevention of excessive @entity190 to avoid fatal @entity548 is a pivotal process for all organisms possessing a circulatory system. Increased circulating blood volume and pressure, as required in larger animals, make this process all the more important and challenging. It is essential to have a powerful and rapid system to detect damage and generate an effective seal, and which is also exquisitely regulated to prevent unwanted, excessive or systemic activation so as to avoid blockage of vessels. Thus, a highly specialised and efficient haemostatic system has evolved that consists of cellular (platelets) and protein (coagulation factors) components. Importantly, this is able to support haemostasis in both the low shear environment of the venous system and the high shear environment of the arterial system. Endothelial cells, lining the entire circulation system, play a crucial role in the delicate balance between activation and inhibition of the haemostatic system. An intact and healthy endothelium supports blood flow by preventing attachment of cells and proteins which is required for initiation of coagulation and platelet activation. Endothelial cells produce and release the two powerful soluble inhibitors of platelet activation, @entity842 and prostacyclin, and express high levels of @entity13796 which rapidly metabolises the major platelet feedback agonist, @entity857 . This antithrombotic environment however can rapidly change following activation or removal of endothelial cells through injury or @entity397 of @entity731 . Loss of endothelial cells exposes the subendothelial extracellular matrix which creates strong signals for activation of the haemostatic system including powerful platelet adhesion and activation. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the subendothelial extracellular matrix influence these prothrombotic characteristics with life threatening @entity715 and bleeding complications, as illustrated by formation of @entity731 @entity4243 , which is caused by a defect in collagen synthesis and is associated with fragile blood vessels. This review will focus on the role of the subendothelial matrix in haemostasis and @entity715 , highlighting its potential as a target for novel antithrombotics.

title: Platelet activation by extracellular matrix proteins in haemostasis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehler-Danlos syndrome']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques', 'atherosclerotic plaques or the disorder']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Modern management of @entity453 is increasingly based on techniques of @entity296 . The introduction of coronary bypass surgery, percutaneous coronary angioplasty and thrombolysis has radically changed the prognosis, reducing the morbidity and mortality related to @entity583 and chronic @entity299 (when associated with @entity1002 ). In this case, the beneficial effects of revascularisation are probably due to improved contractility of dysfunctional tough viable myocardium in response to improved perfusion. Several methods are available for predicting the reversible character of @entity4148 after revascularisation. Most are based on fundamental cellular mechanisms thought to contribute to cellular viability and postoperative contractile recovery. These include adequate tissue perfusion for providing energetic substrate and the elimination of metabolic waste; the maintenance of essential membrane functions, the conservation of metabolic pathways for the aerobic use of @entity413 and @entity1718 , and the maintenance of a contractile function capable of ensuring efficacious mechanical activity after surgery. Thallium or MIBI myocardial scintigraphy and position emission tomography (PET) allow the non-invasive evaluation of some of these mechanisms. These techniques are capable of detecting viable myocardium with a high sensitivity (> 80%). They are limited by a lack of specificity (+/- 55% for thallium and +/- 75% for PET). However, all have an additive prognostic value with respect to usual functional (ejection fraction) and anatomical (coronary angiography) parameters.

title: [Role of isotopic techniques in the evaluation of XXXX in man].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial revascularisation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['segmental dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial viability']


abstract: Family studies have confirmed that @entity384 is common and that a large proportion of relatives have mild @entity1002 and therefore potentially early disease. Previous studies have shown that @entity1 with @entity1000 have abnormalities of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram (ECG). We assessed the usefulness of analysis of the signal-averaged ECG in the evaluation of @entity384 . Signal-averaged electrocardiographic recordings were obtained from 58 @entity1 with @entity1000 , from 161 of their relatives (35 of whom had @entity1002 ), and from 59 healthy subjects. Signal-averaged ECGs were analyzed using both time domain and spectral turbulence analysis techniques. The time domain and spectral turbulence analysis variables were markedly abnormal in @entity1 with @entity1000 compared with relatives considered normal and healthy controls (p <0.05). Late potentials were more common in @entity1 with @entity1000 (17%) and in relatives with @entity1002 (20%) than in normal relatives (5%) or healthy controls (5%) (p = 0.003). Spectral turbulence analysis was abnormal in 24% of @entity1 with @entity1000 , 14% of relatives with @entity1002 , 6% of normal relatives, and 5% of healthy controls (p = 0.0006). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive accuracy for identification of relatives with @entity1002 were 20%, 95%, and 54% for time domain analysis and 14%, 94%, and 42% for spectral turbulence analysis. Similar positive predictive accuracy was achievable with spectral turbulence analysis and with time domain analysis. In conclusion, the signal-averaged ECG is frequently abnormal in @entity1 with @entity1000 and relatives with @entity1002 .

title: Usefulness of signal-averaged electrocardiography in evaluation of XXXX in families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['familial dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular enlargement']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic-dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: IPI, 32-33 SPI, and insulin were measured by specific assays and related to plasma @entity413 and BMI in diet-treated type II @entity6 subjects (FPG 7.3 +/- 1.8 mM) and nondiabetic control subjects, both fasting and during a 12-mM @entity1602 clamp. In both groups, BMI correlated with fasting plasma insulin (rs = 0.76, P < 0.001 and 0.50, P < 0.01, respectively) and IPI (rs = 0.49, P = 0.03 and rs = 0.69, P < 0.001, respectively). Accounting for @entity28 , fasting plasma insulin was subnormal in @entity6 subjects (58% of control group, 1 SD range, 49-68%), but did not correlate with FPG. In contrast, fasting plasma IPI correlated with FPG in the @entity6 @entity1 (rs = 0.47, P < 0.05). In all subjects, 64% of the variance in plasma IPI was explained by BMI and FPG. Fasting 32-33 SPI was similar in the two groups. In response to a @entity1602 clamp, the @entity6 subjects had subnormal insulin concentrations (geometric means 71 and 214 pM, P < 0.001), but normal IPI concentrations (11.6 and 14.2 pM, respectively). Reduction of 32-33 SPI concentrations in @entity6 subjects was intermediate (7.3 and 13.2 pM, P < 0.05). In @entity6 subjects both fasting and clamp responses were subnormal for insulin but apparently normal for IPI. The major defect in pancreatic function is an impaired insulin response to @entity413 , and this, rather than an increase in @entity2690 secretion, gives rise to the relative increase in @entity2690 .

title: Normal @entity2690 responses to XXXX in mild type II subjects with subnormal insulin response.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of triple-lumen central venous catheters coated with a combination product of @entity1216 and @entity1217 (CSS) in reducing the incidence of local catheter @entity281 and @entity2259 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: The surgical intensive care units in a university hospital. @entity1 : All @entity1 who needed central venous catheterization were randomized to receive either an uncoated triple-lumen catheter (n = 157) or a catheter coated with CSS (n = 151). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Catheters were removed when no longer needed or suspected as a cause of @entity281 . The tip and a 5-cm segment of the intradermal portion of the catheter were cultured semiquantitatively. Blood cultures were obtained when clinically indicated. The remaining segment of catheters coated with CSS were cut and incubated on an agar plate with strains of @entity794 and Enterococcus. Zone of inhibition was determined 24 hours later. Data were analyzed by survival and logistic multivariate regression methods. RESULTS: Catheters coated with CSS were effective in reducing the rate of significant bacterial growth on either the tip or intradermal segment (40%) compared with control catheters (52%; P = .04). However, there was no difference in the incidence of @entity2259 (3.8% [uncoated] vs 3.3% [coated]; P = .81). In vitro activity of catheters with CSS against @entity794 was evident up to 25 days but activity against Enterococcus dissipated more quickly over time and was absent by day 4. The most common colonizing organisms were coagulase-negative @entity794 and enterococcus. Variables that were associated with a significant amount of growth on the tip or intradermal segment were a duration of catheterization of longer than 7 days, jugular insertion site, and the absence of a CSS coating. The use of a guidewire when the catheter was removed was associated with a lower risk of significant bacterial growth. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CSS reduces the incidence of significant bacterial growth on either the tip or intradermal segments of coated triple-lumen catheters but has no effect on the incidence of @entity2259 . In this @entity1 population, catheters coated with CSS provide no additional benefit over uncoated catheters.

title: Influence of triple-lumen central venous catheters coated with @entity1216 and XXXX on the incidence of @entity2259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'staphylococcus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['silver sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related bacteremia']

answer: @entity1217 :: (MESH:D012837,Chemical) :: ['silver sulfadiazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The distribution and elimination of 0.9% saline given by intravenous infusion has not been compared between the conscious state and during inhalational anesthesia. METHODS: Six adult @entity742 received an intravenous infusion of 25 ml/kg of 0.9% saline over 20 min in the conscious state and also during @entity5161 anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. The distribution and elimination of infused fluid were studied by volume kinetics based on serial analysis of hemoglobin dilution in arterial blood and by mass balance that incorporated volume calculations derived from volume kinetic analysis and measurements of urinary volumes. RESULTS: The mass balance calculations indicated only minor differences in the time course of plasma volume expansion between the conscious and anesthetized states. However, @entity5161 anesthesia markedly reduced urinary volume (median, 9 vs. 863 ml; P < 0.03). In conscious @entity742 , the central and peripheral volume expansion predicted by volume kinetics agreed well with the calculations based on mass balance. However, during @entity5161 anesthesia and mechanical ventilation, calculation using volume kinetic analysis of the variable kr, an elimination factor that, in conscious @entity1 and @entity742 , is closely related to @entity644 , represented both @entity644 and peripheral accumulation of fluid. This suggests that the previous assumption that kr approximates @entity644 of infused fluid requires modification, i.e., kr simply reflects net fluid movement out of plasma. CONCLUSIONS: In both conscious and anesthetized, mechanically ventilated @entity742 , infusion of 0.9% saline resulted in minimal expansion of plasma volume over a 3-h interval. In conscious @entity742 , infused 0.9% saline was rapidly eliminated from the plasma volume by @entity644 ; in contrast, the combination of @entity5161 anesthesia and mechanical ventilation reduced @entity644 and promoted peripheral accumulation of fluid.

title: Volume kinetic analysis of the distribution of 0.9% saline in conscious versus @entity5161 -anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['urinary excretion']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Genome-wide screening studies of the chorioamniotic membranes unexpectedly identified an increase in the expression of @entity1841 in spontaneous labor at term. The objective of this study was to determine whether @entity1841 messenger RNA and protein expression are altered in the chorioamniotic membranes of @entity1 with term labor, @entity3152 , and preterm premature @entity397 . STUDY DESIGN: Chorioamniotic membranes were obtained from @entity1 at term (with and without labor), with @entity3152 (with and without histologic @entity5870 ), and with preterm premature @entity397 (with and without histologic @entity5870 ). The expression of @entity1841 was studied by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (n = 88) and immunohistochemistry (n = 124). Nonparametric statistics were used for analysis. Primary amnion cells obtained from @entity1 at term not in labor were treated with @entity1841 to examine whether there was increased prostaglandin E2 expression. RESULTS: The median @entity1841 messenger RNA and protein expression were significantly higher in the membranes of @entity1 with spontaneous labor at term than in those of @entity1 not in labor at term (P < .001 for both). @entity1841 messenger RNA and protein expression were increased in @entity1 with @entity3152 with histologic @entity5870 than in those without histologic @entity5870 (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively). There was no difference in @entity1841 messenger RNA and protein expression in @entity1 with preterm premature @entity397 , regardless of @entity5870 (P = .13 and P = .08, respectively). There was a correlation between @entity1841 and @entity3840 protein expression in chorioamniotic membranes (R = .34; P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity1841 messenger RNA and protein expression are increased in the chorioamniotic membranes of @entity1 with spontaneous labor at term and @entity1 with @entity3152 associated with histologic @entity5870 . Its expression pattern and biologic effects strongly suggest that @entity1841 is involved in @entity1 parturition.

title: Expression of @entity1841 in normal spontaneous labor at term, XXXX , and preterm premature @entity397 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['Bone morphogenetic protein 2', 'bone morphogenetic protein 2']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two Italian adults arrived at the Emergency Department referring @entity294 , @entity390 and @entity391 for 4 days; @entity425 , @entity1295 and @entity1833 were also complained of. @entity1 reported the ingestion of some leaves of a plant, which they supposed to be " @entity15382 ears", a week before. Physical examination showed @entity551 and @entity1168 and ECG examination disclosed sinus rhythm and repolarization abnormalities (scooping of the @entity1619 complex) in both @entity1 and a 2:1 @entity713 in the @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity6838 concentration was evaluated twice for each @entity1 (at the admission and after 4 hours) by the automated immunoassay system ADVIA Centaur. @entity8451 concentration was evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). RESULTS: Despite clinical picture was suggestive of @entity8769 , digoxin levels were undetectable. Due to the more severe clinical picture, the male @entity1 was treated with anti-digoxin antibodies (Digifab) achieving a good clinical improvement and remission of the @entity713 within two hours. Initial diagnosis was confirmed by LC- @entity15 / @entity15 showing high @entity8451 concentrations, but digoxin was undetectable. @entity1 remained stable and 48 hours later were discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSION: Whereas digoxin determination frequently relies on monoclonal antibodies which do not cross-react to @entity8451 , polyclonal antibodies constituting Digifab recognize a large spectrum of cardiac glycosides, including @entity8451 . This report emphasizes the primary role of the clinical approach to @entity1 in the emergency setting and how an active communication and a continuous sharing of professional experiences between Laboratory and Clinicians ensure an early and correct diagnosis.

title: Accidental XXXX intoxication: an interplay between laboratory and clinical medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8451 :: ('MESH:D004074', 'Chemical') :: ['digitoxin', 'Digitoxin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['digitalis intoxication']

answer: @entity8451 :: (MESH:D004074,Chemical) :: ['digitoxin']


abstract: Research in implant dentistry has mainly focused on hard tissue integration with much less data available with regards to soft tissue integration involving epithelium and connective tissue. In the present study, the implantogingival junction of unloaded and loaded non-submerged @entity702 implants has been analyzed histometrically in the @entity235 mandible. In 6 foxhounds, 69 implants were placed. @entity235 in the unloaded group were sacrificed 3 months after implant placement. Loaded implants were restored with gold crowns and those @entity235 were sacrificed after 3 months and 12 months of loading. Non-decalcified histologic sections were analyzed histometrically measuring the dimensions of the Sulcus Depth (SD), the Junctional Epithelium (JE), and the Connective Tissue Contact (CTC). Histometric evaluation revealed that significant changes within tissue compartments (SD, JE, CTC) occurred over time (P < 0.05). Sulcus Depth had a mean of 0.49 mm and 0.50 mm after 3 months and 6 months of healing, but after 15 months was 0.16 mm which was significantly different. Similarly, the length of the Junctional Epithelium after 3 months and 6 months of healing was 1.16 mm and 1.44 mm, respectively, and these values were significantly different from measurements taken after 15 months (1.88 mm). The area of Connective Tissue Contact showed a different pattern of change in that after 3 months of healing (1.36 mm) it was significantly different from the same area after 6 months and 15 months which were 1.01 mm and 1.05 mm, respectively. Interestingly, the sum of SD, JE, and CTC, forming the Biologic Width, did not change over the observation period (P > 0.05). These data indicate that the Biologic Width is a physiologically formed and stable structure over time in the case of non-submerged, one-piece @entity702 implants as evaluated histometrically under unloaded and loaded conditions. Dynamic changes did occur, however, within the overall Biologic Width dimension. Thus, the use of non-submerged, one-piece implants allow for stable overall peri-implant soft tissues as evaluated under loaded conditions for up to 12 months.

title: Biologic width around XXXX implants. A physiologically formed and stable dimension over time.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between @entity1 ' characteristics, use of concomitant anti- @entity6 therapies and the incidence of hypoglycaemia, an acute complication of the treatment of @entity6 reported by general practitioners (GPs) during the first 9 months of the treatment with @entity12098 . METHODS: We used data collected for the Prescription-Event Monitoring (PEM) study conducted by the Drug Safety Research Unit for @entity1 prescribed @entity12098 between November 2000 and June 2001 by their GP in England. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to assess this relationship. RESULTS: The original @entity12098 PEM cohort included 12,772 @entity1 (mean age 60.9 years); 53% (6777) were male. A total of 77 @entity1 experienced at least one hypoglycaemic episode (9.64 per 1000 @entity1 -years). @entity1 were estimated to have twice the hazard of having a hypoglycaemic event compared with @entity1 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.05; confidence interval (CI) 1.24, 3.41]. @entity1 taking combination therapy with @entity4136 or insulin were estimated to have approximately three and four times the hazard of having an event compared with those who were not taking these adjunctive therapies [HR=3.11 (CI 1.64, 5.88); HR=4.15 (CI 1.74, 9.91), respectively]. @entity1 treated with adjunctive @entity2449 were 25% less likely to experience hypoglycaemia than those who did not take concomitant @entity2449 (HR=0.75; CI 0.44, 1.27). CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that the treatment with @entity12098 was associated with a low incidence of hypoglycaemia. The factors possibly increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia were concomitant therapy with @entity4136 or insulin and female gender.

title: Hypoglycaemia with XXXX : analysis of data from the Prescription-Event Monitoring study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity12098 :: (MESH:C060836,Chemical) :: ['pioglitazone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity551 increases mortality after all types of @entity130 . Prior studies comparing mortality of @entity551 @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 to normotensive @entity131 @entity1 have implied that @entity551 is particularly detrimental after @entity131 . It is unknown whether @entity551 affects @entity131 @entity1 more severely than it affects other types of @entity1 . We hypothesized that @entity551 does not increase mortality in @entity131 @entity1 more than it does in non- @entity131 @entity1 . METHODS: National @entity130 Data Bank (1994-2002) @entity1 aged 18 to 45 years with blunt mechanisms of injury treated at Level I and Level II centers were included. @entity204 occurring before 24 hours were excluded. Logistic regression was used to measure the association between @entity551 (< or =90 mm Hg) and @entity204 after adjusting for confounding variables of age, gender, comorbidities, complications, Glasgow @entity772 Scale score, and severity of associated @entity130 . Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) indicate the risk of @entity204 in @entity551 @entity1 in each group compared with normotensive @entity1 in the same group. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 79,478 @entity1 ( @entity131 , 30,742; no @entity131 , 48,736). @entity551 independently quadrupled the risk of @entity204 after adjusting for confounding variables (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-5.6). However, increase in this risk associated with @entity551 was the same in @entity131 (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 3.5-4.9) and non- @entity131 @entity1 (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 3.4-6.0). Furthermore, the relationship between @entity551 and @entity131 did not change with increasing head Abbreviated Injury Scale score severity. CONCLUSION: @entity551 is an independent risk factor for mortality. However, it does not increase mortality in @entity131 @entity1 more than it does for non- @entity131 @entity1 .

title: @entity551 does not increase mortality in brain-injured XXXX more than it does in non-brain-injured @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The influence of i.v. vs. i.c.v. administration of [( D-Ala2, MetPhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin ( @entity7862 ) and @entity1286 ), kappa @entity4596 and @entity8540 and delta ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE)] opioid agonists on gastric relaxation induced by a standard meal was evaluated in conscious @entity235 with strain-gauge transducers implanted on the gastric fundus and antrum. Under control conditions, the amplitude of the gastric relaxation in response to feeding was 2.46 +/- 0.23 g. Given i.v. 10 min before feeding, both @entity4596 (10 micrograms/kg) and @entity8540 (10 micrograms/kg) significantly (P less than .01) reduced the amplitude of the gastric relaxation by 57 and 68%, respectively, whereas @entity7862 and @entity1286 (10 micrograms/kg i.v.) increased markedly the response to feeding by 67 and 51%, respectively. In contrast, DPDPE had no effect on the gastric relaxation induced by feeding. Previous administration of @entity1510 (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) or @entity4597 (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) blocked the effect of @entity4596 on gastric relaxation with no effect per se on the amplitude of response; @entity1510 also blocked the increase in gastric relaxation induced by @entity7862 . When administered i.c.v. (0.1 microgram/kg) @entity7862 induced a significant (P less than .05) increase in the amplitude of gastric relaxation whereas @entity4596 and @entity13848 (0.1 and 1 microgram/kg i.c.v.) had no effect. The effect of i.c.v. @entity7862 on gastric relaxation was unaffected by a previous i.v. administration of SR 58002C (1 mg/kg). Truncal vagotomy blocked the increase in gastric relaxation induced by @entity7862 (10 micrograms/kg i.v.), but did not change the effect of @entity4596 (10 micrograms/kg i.v.) on gastric relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Central and peripheral opioid modulation of gastric relaxation induced by feeding in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity8540 :: ('MESH:D016314', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylketocyclazocine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) devices can present a challenge to health providers given the sheer amount of data collected. A referral-based system using a centralized standard interpretation completed by a specialist could highlight the most pertinent information and provide recommendations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Professional (retrospective) CGM reports from an outpatient academic endocrinology clinic were formally interpreted by one of two specialists. General recommendations for therapy adjustments were made to each @entity1 's referring provider without a face-to-face visit using only the CGM download and @entity1 logs. Findings were characterized as well as change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: @entity1 with baseline HbA1c values above 8.1% experienced a significant reduction (-0.36    0.80%) at 6 months post-CGM (P = 0.035), whereas those with baseline @entity4051 c below 8.1% experienced an equally significant increase (0.36    0.83%, P = 0.032), most likely because of interventions that addressed @entity4053 . @entity4053 was common, and unrecognized overnight @entity4053 lasting over 2 h occurred in 48% of @entity1 . There were no differences in findings or in HbA1c changes among pump compared with non-pump users. In total, 69% of @entity1 had a change in management by the referring provider within 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that some @entity1 benefited, in the form of reductions in HbA1c, from centralized referral and interpretation of professional CGM regardless of modality of insulin therapy. Considerations for methods to improve coordination with referring providers for follow-up care are needed.

title: Clinical outcomes associated with referral-based continuous XXXX monitoring using a central standardized interpretation strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Total correction of proximal @entity2650 and @entity15511 ( @entity15511 ) is a challenge to surgeons. Staged operation is usually recommended because the blood supply to the neourethra or the skin covering the penile shaft may be severed during scrotoplasty. This paper describes results obtained using a new technique for total correction, which preserves the blood supply to the neourethra in a one-stage operation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between July 1998 and March 2000, five @entity1 (mean age 4 yr) with proximal @entity2650 and @entity15511 underwent total correction in a one-stage operation. The urethral meatus of these @entity1 was located at mid shaft in one, at the penoscrotal junction in two, and at the scrotum in two. @entity2650 was repaired using the Snodgrass procedure and @entity15511 was corrected using the Ehrlich and Scardino technique. Radical bulbar urethra dissection and tunica albugineal plication were used to correct penile curvature in all five cases. The urethral stent was removed on the seventh or eighth postoperative day. The meatus was then dilated using the cone tip of an ophthalmic ointment tube two or three times per day for 2 to 4 weeks. Postoperative urinary flow was observed in the outpatient clinic. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 11.2 months. There was no postoperative @entity292 . One @entity1 had @entity86 that was successfully treated by dilation. Postoperatively, the penile base was well above the scrotal rhugae and the meatus was at the tip of the glans in each @entity1 . The postoperative urinary flow was straight in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Combining @entity2650 repair and Ehrlich and Scardino @entity15511 repair in a one-stage operation preserved the blood supply to the neourethra and achieved excellent functional and cosmetic results.

title: One-stage correction of proximal @entity2650 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['Hypospadias', 'hypospadias', 'Snodgrass hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity15511 :: ('MESH:C536650', 'Disease') :: ['penoscrotal transposition', 'PST']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative meatal stenosis']

answer: @entity15511 :: (MESH:C536650,Disease) :: ['penoscrotal transposition']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Hepatic resection improves quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study. SETTING: A university teaching hospital. @entity1 : Sixty-six consecutive @entity1 undergoing resection of @entity157 , and 10 @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 found after surgical exploration who were subsequently treated with transarterial chemoembolization (control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Serial measurements of preoperative and postoperative QOL using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) Questionnaire for up to 2 years after surgery (at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months). RESULTS: Among the 66 @entity1 with resectable @entity157 , the mean postoperative QOL scores at 3 months after surgery were significantly higher than the mean preoperative QOL scores in domains related to physical, social, and emotional well-being and relationship with physicians. The mean total QOL score increased from 83.5 (SD, 9.4) before surgery to 94.1 (SD, 7.7) at 3 months after surgery (P <.001). No significant change of QOL scores at 3 months after surgery was observed in the control group. Twenty @entity1 in the resected group died of early recurrence within 2 years after surgery, but their mean postoperative QOL scores remained higher than the preoperative QOL scores for most assessment times. In contrast, in the control group, the mean total QOL scores became significantly lower than the preoperative scores, starting 9 months after surgery. Forty-six @entity1 in the resected group completed all QOL assessments. At all postoperative assessments, their mean QOL scores were higher than preoperative scores. Recurrence developed in 13 of the 46 @entity1 within the 2-year study, and there was significant deterioration of QOL over time among these 13 (P <.001), whereas no significant change in QOL over time was observed among the 33 recurrence-free @entity1 . Of various clinicopathologic factors, only advanced pTNM stage was significantly predictive of deterioration of QOL over time after resection of @entity157 . CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic resection results in significant enhancement of QOL in @entity1 with @entity157 . Development of recurrence is the main factor leading to deterioration in QOL over time after resection of @entity157 .

title: A prospective longitudinal study of quality of life after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['resectable hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Because proximal @entity1126 easily involves the surrounding tissue, @entity5 cells often remain after apparent macroscopically complete radical resection. We evaluated the effect of resective modality of these @entity5 on prognosis and the effect of postoperative radiotherapy on survival of @entity1 with microscopic @entity41 following local resection in locally advanced proximal @entity1126 . METHODOLOGY: From November, 1990 to October, 1993, 45 proximal @entity1126 @entity1 who received local excision were entered onto this prospective, nonrandomized study. The @entity1 were divided into three groups after operation, 16 @entity1 with curative resection; 15 noncurative resection; and 14 nonresection. @entity1 who had positive lymph nodes or microscopic @entity5 cells in resection margin or adjacent major vessels, were treated with postoperative external radiotherapy, 5040 cGy for 40 days. RESULTS: The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival of the @entity1 was 62.2%, 24.4%, and 15.6%, respectively. The overall mean and median survival of @entity1 was 24.1 +/- 3.98 (mean +/- SE) months and 13 +/- 0.74 months, respectively. Survival rates between resection and nonresection showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). However, survival rates between curative resection and noncurative resection with postoperative radiotherapy were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The resection is the treatment of choice for locally advanced proximal @entity1126 , if resectable and the noncurative resection followed by postoperative external radiotherapy may be beneficial to the @entity1 with locally advanced proximal @entity1126 .

title: The experiences of hilar skeletonization for the treatment of locally advanced proximal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancer']

answer: @entity1126 :: (MESH:D001650,Disease) :: ['bile duct cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To describe the presentation, @entity850 characteristics, etiological differences, and outcomes of adult laryngotracheal @entity850 treated with endoscopic cold incision, @entity384 , topical @entity1138 application, and @entity134 injection. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were extracted for @entity1 treated between March 2000 and December 2010. Prolonged intubation and idiopathic @entity1 data were utilized for comparative analysis. RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 (65 females; 15 males; 220 procedures; 2.9 years mean follow-up) presented with @entity1353 (81%) and/or exercise intolerance (40%). Most commonly, etiologies were idiopathic (53 of 80; 66%) or prolonged intubation (14 of 80; 18%). Mean procedures per @entity1 and interval between procedures were 2.8 procedures and 405 days, respectively. Mean @entity850 length and distance from the caudal phonating edge of the true vocal folds were 9 mm and 19 mm. Complication, tracheotomy, and open-procedure rates were 1.8%, 1.4%, and 10.0%, respectively. @entity1 with more than two procedures demonstrated a mean 4-mm reduction in @entity850 length and a 2-mm cephalad progression of @entity850 over time. More caudal stenoses required more frequent procedures. Procedures were less frequent as more procedures were performed. Stenosis characteristics, interval between procedures, and total procedures were similar between idiopathic @entity1 with or without intubation histories, but different between idiopathic and prolonged intubation @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This procedure was shown to be a viable option in adult laryngotracheal @entity850 . @entity384 was likely, but was performed without adversely affecting @entity850 characteristics. Stenoses farther from the vocal folds required procedures more frequently. @entity3762 @entity1 with a history of brief, elective intubation had @entity850 characteristics and responses to therapy similar to idiopathic @entity1 without an intubation history. Both idiopathic groups together demonstrated @entity850 characteristics and responses to therapy dissimilar to @entity1 with a history of prolonged intubation.

title: Endoscopic cold incision, @entity384 , @entity1138 application, and XXXX injection for adult laryngotracheal @entity850 .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation', 'Repeat dilation']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe two severe cases of @entity11782 associated with dyshidrosis and @entity4125 . CASE-REPORT: Two @entity1 , primigravida at 35 and 34 weeks of @entity2588 , were admitted in our department for a severe and @entity203 . In the first case, some papular lesions were particularly concentrated on the abdominal striae, associated with vesicles on the limbs. There @entity1411 and purpuric macules on the toes. In the second case, there were a maculopapular eruption on the abdomen and limbs, some vesicles and @entity4530 and soles, and a @entity4125 of heels. In both cases, the skin biopsy showed dermic inflammatory, direct immunofluorescence and Pemphigoide Gestationis Factor research were negatives. The two @entity1 were treated with @entity9090 ( @entity9090 (R)), and @entity5774 (Atarax(R)). They gave birth to healthy babies. DISCUSSION: Dyshidrosis is not exceptional in @entity11782 . Indeed, in the several series of @entity11782 we checked, a pompholyx distribution was observed in 5 p. 100 of the cases. It is not necessary a sign of @entity22619 , even if this localization is commonly observed. The @entity4125 are unusual because, according to our knowledge, there is no description of @entity4125 associated with @entity75 in @entity11782 . The @entity4125 may be secondary to high capillary permeability, increased by severe dermic @entity32 of the @entity11782 and, possibly, high level of circulating @entity172 .

title: [ XXXX during polymorphic dermatitis in pregnancy: 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity11782 :: ('MESH:C535817', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphic eruption of pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['bullae of palms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar lesions']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['itchy eruption']

entities_list: @entity5774 :: ('MESH:D006919', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyzine']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['purpura', 'purpuric lesions']

entities_list: @entity22619 :: ('MESH:D006559', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigoid gestationis']

entities_list: @entity9090 :: ('MESH:C011175', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone dipropionate', 'Diprosone']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['were plantar dyshidrosis']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity4125 :: (MESH:D011693,Disease) :: ['Dyshidrosis and acral purpura']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the hypothesis that circulating levels of @entity442 and its main binding protein ( @entity2301 ) predict for the presence of @entity2513 , surrogate markers of @entity14 risk. METHODS: Within the Flexi-Scope Trial (healthy volunteers aged 55-64 years), at one study centre, @entity442 and @entity2301 levels in serum samples collected prospectively from 442 attendants were measured. Of these, 100 individuals underwent a complete screening colonoscopy. There were 47 normal examinations, while in 11 examinations low-risk @entity652 and in 42 examinations high-risk @entity652 were identified. Estimates of relative risk (RR) for the adenomatous stages were calculated by means of unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for known risk factors. RESULTS: Mean serum @entity442 and @entity2301 levels were similar in individuals with a normal colonoscopy finding and in those with low-risk @entity652 . By contrast, the mean(s.d.) serum @entity442 level was increased (190(53) versus 169(54) microg/l; P = 0.06) and the serum @entity2301 concentration was significantly decreased (3.22(0.60) versus 3.47(0.62) mg/l; P = 0.05) in individuals with high-risk @entity652 compared with levels in those with normal colonoscopy and low-risk @entity652 combined. Levels were unaffected by removal of the @entity652 . With high-risk @entity652 as the dependent factor, regression models demonstrated a significant positive association with @entity442 after controlling for @entity2301 (RR per one standard deviation (1s.d.) change 4.39 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.31-14.7); P = 0.02) and, independently, an inverse association with @entity2301 after adjustment for @entity442 (RR per 1s.d. change 0.41 (95 per cent c.i. 0. 20-0.82); P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that circulating @entity442 and @entity2301 levels are related to future @entity14 risk and, specifically, may predict @entity652 .

title: High-risk XXXX and serum insulin-like growth factors.

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma progression', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: Hemocytes from two adult bivalves, Pecten maximus and @entity6796 , were exposed to 12 different bacterial strains including 2 Alteromonas spp. (U1 and T413), 2 type strains of vibrios ( @entity2551 @entity2551 and @entity12671 @entity12671 ), 1 vibrio (S322) pathogenic to @entity6796 larvae, 2 vibrios (V110 and V117) virulent to @entity39656 larvae, and 5 different strains of a same Vibrio sp. (group A496) isolated from moribund @entity24047 larvae. After 1.5 h contact with bacteria, zymosan particles were added to the hemocytes and the chemiluminescent (CL) activity of the cells was measured over 6 h. Analysis of CL activity after bacterial inoculation indicated that most of the strains could initiate the respiratory burst. However, the intensity of CL was not related to the virulence of the bacteria. In contrast the CL activity after stimulation by zymosan was modulated by the previous exposure of bacteria. This second CL response may depend on the virulent characteristics of the bacteria. As evidence, the strain S322 completely inhibited the CL activity of oyster hemocytes, whereas in the scallop hemocytes the CL activity was only moderately repressed. Inversely, the strain A496 was very effective in disrupting the CL activity in scallop hemocytes and reduced the CL activity to 30% in oyster hemocytes. @entity2551 completely inhibited scallop and oyster hemocytes, whereas the strain U1 decreased the CL activity only by 20%. Finally, the measurement of CL activity allowed to partially elucidate the mechanism of @entity281 as well as to determine some characteristics of bacterial virulence.

title: Specific inhibition of chemiluminescent activity by pathogenic vibrios in hemocytes of two marine bivalves: Pecten maximus and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6796 :: ('29159', 'Species') :: ['Crassostrea gigas', 'C. gigas']

answer: @entity6796 :: (29159,Species) :: ['Crassostrea gigas']


abstract: In vitro studies of the mode of action of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity1140 have indicated that both drugs produce immunosuppression by a quite similar cellular and molecular mechanism to block T cell receptor emanated transcriptional activation of interleukin(IL)-2 and other cytokine genes. Herein, we show that there are distinct patterns of cytokine gene expression in @entity35 heart allografts under equivalent effective doses ("optimal dose") of @entity870 and @entity1140 . The optimal doses of @entity870 (10 mg/kg/day) and @entity1140 (3.2 mg/kg/day), which induce similar @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), were administered in LEW recipients with ACI heart grafts from day 0 after grafting until sacrifice. Heart grafts were harvested at days 3, 5, and 7. The expression of various cell surface markers, cytokines, and cytotoxic factors was determined by immunohistology and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RFT-PCR). Cell populations that stained positively in the heart tissues of allograft control increased through day 7 for @entity11264 + and CD8+ T lymphocytes, @entity28014 - @entity1989 + natural killer (NK) cells, and ED2+ macrophages. @entity870 and @entity1140 have comparable activity to block these cell local infiltrations. The mRNA levels of the majority of the factors were dramatically up-regulated in the allografts over time, peaking at day 5. The optimal doses of @entity870 and @entity1140 had similar inhibitory effects on Th1 type cytokine IL-2 and interferon [INF]-gamma), inflammatory cytokine ( @entity3426 and @entity5 necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha), and cytotoxic factor ( @entity28994 and perforin) mRNA expression. However, the drugs had different effect on Th2 type cytokines ( @entity12718 and @entity13358 ). Whereas @entity12718 expression was not affected by @entity1140 and was enhanced by @entity870 , @entity13358 expression was more significantly suppressed by @entity1140 than @entity870 . Differences in the suppression of Th2 type cytokine gene expression indicate that the in vivo molecular networks by which @entity870 and @entity1140 exert their full immunosuppressive activity are not necessarily the same.

title: Distinct patterns of cytokine gene suppression by the equivalent effective doses of @entity205 and @entity1140 in XXXX heart allografts.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['mean graft survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity765 are infiltrative, locally destructive, soft tissue @entity5 . Although they do not metastasize, the incidence of local recurrence is quite high. AIM: Present study aimed at reporting the 10-year experience of 32 desmoid cases and reviewing some facts with symptoms, investigation, and treatment of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty two cases of @entity765 were reviewed over a 10-year span. Surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy were the treatments of choice whenever histological margins were positive. RESULTS: Multiparous @entity1 in reproductive age were the most commonly afflicted. The commonest site of presentation was the abdominal wall. Ninety one percent (20/22) were infraumbilical. The @entity5 were found in the rectus sheath in 14 @entity1 (64%) and were laterally situated in 8 @entity1 (36%). Local infiltration was found in six @entity1 and the urinary bladder was most commonly involved (3/6). Locally recurrent desmoids were seen in eight @entity1 (25%). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, 25% of the @entity765 (8/32) were recurrent and postoperative radiotherapy did not seem to influence the local recurrence rate. The most important predictor for recurrence was @entity5 of > 5 cm.

title: XXXX : experience of 32 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoids', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['Desmoid tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare current practice in diagnosis and treatment of @entity308 following acquired @entity1545 in two countries (UK and the Netherlands) which have different sets of guidelines. SETTING AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of reported practice among rehabilitation physician members of the British and Dutch specialist societies. METHODS: A 12-item postal questionnaire was sent to 496 rehabilitation physicians with two reminders: N=353 (71%) responded, 146 of whom did not manage @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 , leaving 207 questionnaires for analysis (Netherlands N=121, UK N=86). Descriptive summary statistics were compiled. Categorical and dichotomous data were compared between the groups using chi-squared tests. RESULTS: Sixty-seven (78%) of British respondents served a predominantly younger adult (65 years) population, compared with only 27 (22%) of the Dutch, who mainly treated @entity1 of all ages. In line with their respective guidelines, more British respondents reported that they screened all acquired @entity1545 @entity1 for @entity308 (68/86 (79%) British versus 71/121 (59%) Dutch, P<0.01), and used formal measures (37/68 (54%) versus 14/69 (20%), P<0.001). They also took a more active role in treatment of @entity308 : only 1 (1%) never used antidepressants, compared with 22 (18%) of Dutch respondents (P<0.001). On the other hand, where antidepressants were prescribed, the Dutch respondents were more likely than the British to follow-up their @entity1 (93/98 (95%) versus 67/84 (80%), P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The survey demonstrates a broadly similar approach, but highlights some significant variance in practice between the two countries which may stem from differences in population and service provision as well as their respective guidelines.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX following acquired @entity1545 : a comparison of practice in the UK and the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The preparation of cells for electron microscopy, in particular the fixation and embedding routine, influences the antigenicity, often resulting in a markedly reduced labelling intensity. To overcome the difficulties associated with fixation-induced changes in antigenicity, we produced antibodies against pre-fixed @entity1 @entity1675 . Purified apo A-I was fixed with 4% @entity406 and was used to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. The antiserum was purified by protein-A-Sepharose followed by affinity chromatography with the fixed antigen coupled to @entity56229 -activated agarose. The specificity of the antibodies was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis against different fixed and unfixed lipoproteins. In ELISA, the reaction of the antibodies was markedly enhanced with the fixed antigen, indicating that the antibodies were directed against epitopes characteristically modified by the fixation. The efficacy of the antibodies for light and electron microscopy was tested on HepG2 cells and on @entity1 liver cells. When HepG2 cells were exposed to anti-apo A-I antibodies followed by a secondary @entity2823 -labelled antibody, fluorescence was found intracellularly in distinct regions. Electron microscopy revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum, and in particular the trans elements of the Golgi complexes, were the main compartments stained for apo A-I both in HepG2 cells, as shown by the immunoperoxidase technique, and in @entity1 hepatocytes, as shown by the protein-A-gold technique on ultrathin cryosections. The findings demonstrate the potential of using antibodies to fixed antigens as a strategy to overcome impaired localization due to fixation in cytochemistry at the light microscopic and electron microscopic levels.

title: Immunocytochemical localization of @entity1675 using polyclonal antibodies raised against the XXXX -modified antigen.

entities_list: @entity56229 :: ('CHEBI:53729', 'Chemical') :: ['vinylsulphone']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein (apo) A-I']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formaldehyde']


abstract: @entity715 , although well recognized, remains a rare complication of blunt @entity1661 . In an effort to resolve the current controversy concerning the appropriate therapy, we have reviewed the available literature. Only those instances when the injury was due to blunt @entity130 and resulted in complete @entity432 of the renal artery, documented by roentgenographic means, were included in this review. @entity130 , incomplete @entity432 or branch @entity1317 were also excluded. In order to be classified as a surgical success, postoperative documentation of renal function and a patent renal artery were required. Only nine successfully performed vascularization procedures were identified. There were four instances of bilateral obstruction with postoperative serum @entity1011 levels ranging from 1.77 to 7.1 milligrams per deciliter. All required postoperative dialysis ranging from three days to three months in duration. Thirty-five @entity1 with an unilaterally obstructed renal artery underwent attempted revascularization. Five @entity1 , all with a presumed ischemic time of less than 12 hours, had a successful outcome. Postoperatively, four @entity1 demonstrated either a decrease in size or function of the injured kidney. Thirteen eventually required nephrectomy.

title: Revascularization of traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injuries']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Renal artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Avulsion injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis of the renal artery']


abstract: The sensitivity of different parameters for the determination of @entity651 caused by @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) was investigated. Male @entity35 were exposed to concentrations of 0, 4, 10 or 25 ppm @entity6836 for 6 h/day, for 7, 14 or 21 days. Histopathology of the nasal cavity, larynx, @entity825 and lungs was compared with the changes in macrophage function and morphology. In addition several biochemical parameters were determined in lung lavages. Cytotoxic effects were investigated in primary cultures of @entity35 and @entity291 alveolar macrophages, exposed to the same @entity6836 -levels as in the in vivo exposure. Treatment-related histopathological changes were observed in the lungs. No differences between exposed and control animals were observed in the nasal cavity, larynx or @entity825 . The morphology of the lavaged alveolar macrophages was changed at all exposure concentrations on day 7, 14 and 21. An increase in the number of macrophages was found after exposure to 10 and 25 ppm @entity6836 on days 7, 14 and 21. The phagocytic capacity was diminished after 14 and 21 days exposure to 25 ppm and at both times exposure to 10 and 25 ppm increased the level of @entity5428 transferase (GGT) in lavage fluids. Morphology of the macrophages and levels of GGT were found to be sensitive parameters of @entity7459 @entity137 . In vitro exposure of @entity35 and @entity291 alveolar macrophages to comparable @entity6836 -concentrations induced effects on phagocytosis similar to those observed for macrophages from exposed @entity35 .

title: Comparative sensitivity of histo-pathology and specific lung parameters in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the outcome of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on @entity1778 @entity1 . Also studied was the risk of @entity8 after @entity348 /BMT with or without the use of selective renal shielding blocks. @entity1 AND METHODS: The cases of 109 @entity1778 @entity1 who received @entity348 as a component of the conditioning regimen for their BMT were reviewed. They received 12 Gy of @entity348 in six fractions over 3 consecutive days. Doses to eyes and lungs were reduced to 7 Gy and 8 Gy, respectively, by customized organ shielding blocks. After March 1999, renal shielding blocks were used to constrain the renal dose to 10 Gy. The @entity1 were followed for a median period of 16.6 months (range: 0.3-180.1 months). RESULTS: The 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 55.4% and 43.2%, respectively. @entity8 -free rates were different between those with and without renal shielding blocks: 100% and 78.5%, respectively, at 2 years. Overall survivals were not significantly different among these @entity1 : 60.4% and 52.9%, respectively, at 2 years in @entity1 with and without renal shielding blocks (p = 0.53). CONCLUSION: The use of selective renal shielding blocks provided evidence for reducing radiation-induced @entity8 without decreasing the overall survival rate.

title: XXXX after @entity348 . Significance of selective renal shielding blocks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation', 'TBI']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicities', 'Renal dysfunction', 'renal dysfunction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal dysfunction']


abstract: Asymmetric membrane capsules (AMCs) are based on the concept of osmotic pressure but are much simpler to manufacture. Further, they can be suitably optimized by varying the parameters like concentration of pore former, polymer, osmotic agents and solubility enhancers to cater the specific needs of a particular formulation. The main objective of the present work was to exploit the concept of AMCs for the controlled delivery of poorly soluble anti-infective drugs. @entity2177 was chosen as the model drug. Nine AMCs (F1-F9) with varying concentrations of cellulose @entity598 [CA] (polymer-12% w/v, 16% w/v and 20% w/v) and @entity653 (pore former- 50% w/w, 60% w/w and 70% w/w of polymer) were prepared. AMCs F1-F3 were discarded because of poor @entity2003 . 18 formulations (F4A-F9C) were prepared with the remaining 6 AMCs by varying concentrations of @entity2656 in the core (osmogen-15% w/w, 25% w/w and 50 % w/w of drug). F6C prepared with 16% CA, 70% @entity653 and 50% @entity2656 gave highest release (57.93 +/- 0.93 %) after 12 h. Scanning electron microscopy revealed asymmetric structure of the membrane and osmotic release (zero order) through pores formed in situ was confirmed. Three concentrations of @entity5272 were used in F6C (T1-5%, T2-15%, T3-20%) for further optimization. T3 gave maximum release after 12 h (82.21 +/- 0.71%) and was selected as final optimized formulation. The study concluded that AMCs containing a suitable osmogen and a solublizer, can successfully deliver poorly soluble anti-infective drugs in a controlled manner.

title: Osmotically controlled oral delivery of XXXX through asymmetric membrane capsules.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartaric acid']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Newer generations and formulations of inhaled @entity288 have necessitated the development of a clinically relevant model to compare their clinical potency. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether sputum eosinophil counts could demonstrate a dose-response to inhaled @entity288 , and compared the response with other inflammatory markers. METHODS: Fourteen steroid-naive @entity1 with @entity565 with an initial sputum eosinophilia of > or = 2.5% entered a 6-week sequential, placebo-controlled, @entity1 -blinded, cumulative dose-response study. After 7 days of placebo, they received incremental doses of @entity5023 (FP), 50, 100, 200, and 400 microg/d, each for 7 days. Measurements were made of sputum and blood eosinophils, exhaled @entity842 , spirometry, airway responsiveness to @entity2710 ( @entity2710 PC20), and symptom scores before and after each dose. RESULTS: Sputum eosinophils and exhaled @entity842 were extremely sensitive to the effects of FP, and exhibited significant dose-dependent reductions of 99.4% and 99.8 parts per billion, respectively, where each variable was expressed per 100 microg/d FP. This compared with a 0.5 doubling dose increase of airway responsiveness to @entity2710 and a 0.3 decrease in symptom scores. Airway responsiveness to @entity2710 was the only variable that increased throughout the study. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the model of @entity1712 could be used to compare the effect of cumulative doses of an inhaled @entity228 delivered by different types of delivery systems or preparations using a relatively small number of @entity1 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Future clinical studies based on this model will allow clinicians to make informed decisions regarding the relative potencies of different inhaled @entity288 .

title: XXXX in @entity565 : a model for establishing dose-response and relative potency of inhaled @entity288 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic bronchitis']