abstract: Trophoblast giant cell differentiation is characterized by endoreduplication and expression of members of the prolactin (PRL) gene family and can be simulated in vitro via manipulations of the Rcho-1 trophoblast cell line. The regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation and differentiation involves @entity669 protein kinase signaling pathways. Treatment of Rcho-1 trophoblast cells with @entity669 kinase inhibitors disrupted differentiation-dependent expression of members of the PRL gene family and cytoskeletal organization. Activated p60c- @entity16497 , p62c-yes, and @entity10740 /56lyn were present in the Rcho-1 @entity35 trophoblast cell line and in differentiated trophoblast cells isolated from the developing @entity35 placenta. p60c- @entity16497 and p62c-yes were active in proliferating and differentiating trophoblast cells. During proliferation, p62c-yes exhibited distinct associations with other phosphoproteins (34, 66, 76, and 150 kDa). @entity10740 /56lyn was activated only in differentiating trophoblast cells. @entity10740 /56lyn showed a differentiation-dependent accumulation in cytoskeletal and membrane fractions, whereas p60c- @entity16497 levels were virtually invariant in both fractions. Expression patterns of csk, a negative regulator of @entity16497 family kinase activities, were not consistent with its involvement in the differentiation-dependent activation of @entity10740 /56lyn; however, there was some indication of the participation of a @entity669 phosphatase in the regulation of @entity10740 /56lyn. In conclusion, p60c- @entity16497 , p62c-yes, and @entity10740 /56lyn patterns of activation in trophoblast cells are consistent with their involvement in the control of trophoblast cell proliferation and differentiation.

title: Signaling pathways controlling trophoblast cell differentiation: @entity16497 family protein XXXX kinases in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: The release of endogenous @entity2226 , @entity1246 , @entity2228 , @entity492 , @entity2227 , @entity1160 and @entity493 from the @entity35 visual cortex was measured using a cortical cup technique. The electrocorticogram (ECoG) was monitored throughout most experiments. 2. Spreading @entity308 , evoked by the dropwise placement of 10% @entity4338 solution on to the brain outside the cup was associated with a significant increase in the release of @entity1246 and @entity1160 but a marked fall in that of @entity2227 . The evoked release of @entity1246 and @entity2227 but not of @entity1160 was @entity141 dependent. 3. A solution containing 50 mM-K+ placed within the cup elicited a significant increase in the release of @entity2226 and @entity1246 , whereas 100 mM-K+ additionally released @entity492 and @entity2227 . The K+-evoked release of these @entity1522 with the exceptions of @entity2226 and @entity1160 was @entity141 -dependent. 4. Three series of experiments were carried out in which the preparations were stimulated electrically. Bipolar stimulation (100 Hz, 1 msec pulse width, 2-5 mA for 5 min) with the electrode within the cup was followed by significant increases in @entity2226 , @entity1246 and @entity2227 release; using a 5 mA current, there was an additional release of @entity492 and @entity493 . Only the evoked release of @entity1246 and @entity2227 was @entity141 dependent. 5. In the second and third series of experiments, the electrode was sited adjacent to the cup or on the contralateral cortex respectively. Following stimulation (100 Hz, 1 msec pulse width, 2-5 mA for 5 min) there was a significant increase in @entity2226 and @entity1246 release and a significant fall in the release of @entity492 and @entity2227 . With the exception of @entity2226 , these changes in release were @entity141 dependent. Reducing the stimulus current to 1-5 mA or the period of stimulation to 2-5 min initiated similar but statistically insignificant changes in release. A range (10-100 Hz) of stimulation frequencies was examined: the evoked release of @entity1246 was linearly related to frequency whereas that of @entity2226 was frequency-independent. The fall in @entity492 and @entity2227 release was maximal at a frequency of about 50 Hz. 6. The results are discussed in relation to (a) the possible sites of release of the @entity1522 and (b) the proposed neurotransmitter roles of the physiologically active @entity1522 .

title: The release of endogenous XXXX from the @entity35 visual cortex.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity282 after hemorrhoidectomy is very intense, and the @entity158 at the first postoperative defecation is very intense. Based on our pilot initial results that reflected reduced @entity282 , we conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind study to investigate whether the @entity1337 produced by bilateral @entity616 using a nerve-stimulator could provide better @entity282 relief compared with the routine technique in use in the Department of Anesthesia. METHODS: After Ethical Committee approval and informed consent, 100 @entity1 scheduled for hemorrhoidectomy were randomized into control (C) and study (P) groups with 50 @entity1 each. @entity616 with 0.25 percent @entity1341 was performed with nerve-stimulator. Evaluated parameters were @entity158 severity, duration of @entity1337 , demand @entity1337 , and possible technique-related complications. Data were evaluated 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after surgery completion. The first defecation and @entity1 satisfaction were recorded. RESULTS: Successful pudendal nerves stimulation was achieved in all @entity1 in the study group. The @entity616 group was found to have better @entity282 relief, reduced need for analgesics, and @entity1 satisfaction. Mean analgesic duration was 23.8 +/- 4.8 hours vs. 3.6 +/- 1 hours. All @entity1 in the @entity616 had spontaneous micturition vs. 48 @entity1 in the control group. The pudendal @entity1337 was considered excellent by 44 @entity1 and satisfactory by 6 male @entity1 . The six male @entity1 complained because of penile anesthesia. No anesthetic-related @entity149 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this controlled study, bilateral @entity616 oriented by nerve stimulator provided excellent @entity1337 with low need for opioids, without @entity149 , and without urinary retention.

title: Pudendal XXXX with @entity1341 for @entity282 relief.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['local or systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral pudendal nerve block', 'pudendal nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['block']


abstract: 1. Using different doses of free and liposome encapsulated @entity8454 (ALA) (between 2 and 8 mg/animal), given i.p., s.c. and intra-tumoural (i.t.), in vivo @entity7170 synthesis by @entity5 , red blood cells (RBC) and different organs from @entity5 -bearing @entity19 (TBM) and normal @entity19 (NM) at different times, up to 24 hr after ALA administration, was examined. 2. It was found that by giving entrapped ALA, at a dose of 6 mg/animal (or 200 mg/kg wt), after 10 hr, a high level of @entity7170 accumulation in the @entity5 was produced (7 micrograms/g tissue). Low synthesis occurred in muscle, lung, brain, RBC and skin; in spleen, kidney and liver synthesis is significant after 10 hr, but after 24 hr returned to normal values in the spleen and to about 2-3 micrograms/g tissue in the kidney and liver. 3. The @entity5 /skin @entity7170 concentration ratio after 10 hr was nearly 30, the highest so far reported. 4. These results support our previous in vitro findings, indicating that free or encapsulated ALA might be used for early diagnosis of @entity5 and in photodynamic therapy.

title: Tumour-localizing properties of porphyrins. In vivo studies using free and liposome encapsulated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

answer: @entity8454 :: (MESH:D000622,Chemical) :: ['aminolevulinic acid']


abstract: Despite increasing interest in the possible relationships between bacteria and the different stages of @entity5 development, the association of bacteria with @entity1697 has yet to be adequately examined. With that in mind, the primary objective of this study was to identify any @entity957 tissue using a standard microbiological culture approach. At the time of surgery, a 1-cm3 portion of tissue was harvested from deep within the @entity5 mass using a fresh blade for each cut. Whenever possible, "superficial" portions from the mucosa overlying the @entity5 and nontumorous control specimens from at least 5 cm away from the primary @entity5 site were also obtained. Surface contamination was eliminated by immersion in @entity4279 and washing with @entity1391 -buffered saline. Each specimen was aseptically macerated and cultured on nonselective media under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Twenty deep-tissue specimens, 19 with corresponding superficial tissues and 12 with control tissues, were successfully processed. A diversity of bacterial taxa were isolated and identified, including several putatively novel species. Most isolates were found to be saccharolytic and acid-tolerant species. Notably, some species were isolated only from either the tumorous or nontumorous tissue type, indicating a degree of restriction. Successful surface decontamination of the specimens indicates that the bacteria detected were from within the tissue. A diversity of bacterial groups have been isolated from within @entity957 tissue. The significance of these bacteria within the @entity5 warrants further study.

title: Viable bacteria present within XXXX tissue.

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial species within oral squamous cell carcinoma', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['Betadine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity14952 reductase ( @entity52725 ) is the terminal enzyme in the pathway of @entity165 biosynthesis. We have previously reported that @entity5068 depletion in vivo caused a significant induction of both liver mRNA and enzyme activity of @entity52725 (Bae, S.-H., Lee, J. N., Fitzky, B. U., Seong, J., and Paik, Y.-K. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 14624-14631). In this paper, we also observed liver cell-specific @entity5068 -mediated @entity52725 gene induction in vitro by @entity5068 depletion in @entity35 @entity157 cells, suggesting the presence of @entity5068 -mediated regulatory elements in the @entity52725 gene. To understand the mechanisms responsible for regulating @entity52725 expression, we have isolated the 5'-flanking region of the gene encoding @entity35 @entity52725 and have characterized the potential regulatory elements of the gene that are responsible for @entity5068 -mediated regulation. The @entity52725 promoter contains binding sites for @entity10564 (at -177, -172, -125, and -20), NF-Y (at -88 and -51), and @entity37850 or @entity37379 (at -33). Deletion analysis of the @entity52725 gene promoter (-1053/+31), employing a nested series of @entity52725 -luciferase constructs, demonstrated that the -179 upstream region of the gene is necessary and sufficient for optimal efficient @entity5068 -regulated transcription. @entity3420 footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the SRE1/E box (-33/-22) involved in @entity5068 response of many @entity5068 -related enzyme genes was protected specifically by the overexpressed recombinant @entity37379 . Mutational analysis for the functional relationship between the identified cis-elements in this region indicate that one of the binding sites for @entity10564 (GC box at -125) and NF-Y (CCAAT box at -88) plays a cooperative role in the @entity5068 -mediated activation, in which the latter site also acts as a co-regulator for SREBP-activated @entity52725 promoter activity. We believe that @entity52725 is the first enzyme characterized with a @entity5068 -regulatory function in the post- @entity18749 pathway. This may be important for understanding the coordinated control of @entity165 biosynthesis as well as the molecular mechanism of @entity18924 -related protein in mammals.

title: XXXX biosynthesis from @entity18749 . A concerted role for @entity10564 and NF-Y-binding sites for @entity5068 -mediated regulation of @entity35 @entity14952 reductase gene expression.

entities_list: @entity14952 :: ('MESH:C016705', 'Chemical') :: ['7-dehydrocholesterol']

entities_list: @entity18924 :: ('MESH:D019082', 'Disease') :: ['Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome']

entities_list: @entity18749 :: ('MESH:D007810', 'Chemical') :: ['lanosterol']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: The duration of action of the drug Antemal, a combination of @entity4765 and @entity56031 , was eveluated in Bobo-Dioulasso, Upper Volta, West Africa, and endemic zone for @entity3964 @entity311 . The study was held during the season of maximum @entity311 transmission. 79 @entity1 presenting with an acute attack of @entity311 were studied; 37 @entity1 received a single dose of @entity503 ( @entity503 ), at a dose of 15 mg./kg.; 42 @entity1 received a single dose of Antemal at a dose of one tablet (75 mg. of @entity4765 and 25 mg. of @entity56031 ) per 10 kg. Clinical and parasitological studies of all subjects occurred on days one, two, three, 10, 17, 24 and 31. Only one of 37 (2.7%) subjects on Antemal had a reappearance of trophozoites, occurring on day 17. Eight of 42 (19.0%) @entity1 taking @entity503 had reappearance of trophozoites, observed between day 23 and 31. Gametocytes were observed in eight of 37 (21.6 %) @entity1 on Antemal and in only one of 42 (2.3 %) @entity1 on @entity503 . These observations suggest an extended duration of protection from Antemal in semi-immune individuals. @entity503 appeared as a potent inhibitor of gametocytogenesis.

title: [Duration of action of the @entity4765 - XXXX combination in a @entity3964 endemic zone].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity56031 :: ('MESH:D013415', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfametopyrazine']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine sulfate', 'nivaquine', 'Nivaquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity56031 :: (MESH:D013415,Chemical) :: ['sulfametopyrazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity55 the influx of neutrophils to the lungs is thought to be of primary importance with regard to host defence and to complications like the adult @entity649 . We wanted to evaluate the neutrophil function in @entity1 in @entity1576 who required admission to the intensive care unit. DESIGN: We determined the luminolenhanced chemiluminescence (CL) of neutrophils isolated both from central venous and arterial blood. In addition, the plasma-concentrations of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, (alpha 1PI), @entity5843 ( @entity7426 ) and elastase-alpha 1PI-complex (elastase) were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay, and the intracellular elastase content of blood neutrophils was determined using immuno activation assay. @entity1 : 28 @entity1 , 18 with @entity697 (group 1) and 10 with @entity300 (group 2). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: In group 1, @entity6931 enhanced CL was significantly higher than in group 2 (mean 87.7 vs 30.4 x 10(6) counts per minute, p < 0.01). The production of reactive @entity26 species was significantly higher in central venous than in arterial neutrophils in the @entity1 with @entity55 (p < 0.03). In @entity1 with @entity3126 there was no such difference. The plasma concentration of elastase in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2, that of @entity7426 were significantly lower. The intracellular elastase content of neutrophils was lower in group 1 than in group 2. In group 1, there was a trend for a correlation between lower intracellular elastase content and a higher elastase plasma concentration. There were no central venous-arterial differences with regard to leukocyte count, cell differential or protein concentration in either group. CONCLUSION: The central venous-arterial differences in neutrophil production of reactive @entity26 species support the concept of compartmentalization of activated neutrophils from the systemic to the pulmonary compartment.

title: Production of reactive XXXX species by central venous and arterial neutrophils in severe @entity55 and @entity300 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity300 :: ('MESH:D004489', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish rates of and risk factors for @entity299 after noncardiac surgery in veterans. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A large urban veterans affairs hospital. @entity1 : One thousand @entity1 with known or suspected cardiac problems undergoing 1,121 noncardiac procedures. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 were assessed preoperatively for important clinical variables. Postoperative evaluation was done by an assessor blinded to preoperative status with a daily physical examination, electrocardiogram, and @entity908 kinase with MB fraction until postoperative day 6, day of discharge, @entity204 , or reoperation (whichever occurred earliest). Serial electrocardiograms, enzymes, and chest radiographs were obtained as indicated. Severe @entity299 included @entity204 , @entity1167 , @entity583 , @entity1165 , and fibrillation and @entity3126 . Serious @entity299 included the above, @entity712 , and @entity1459 . MAIN RESULTS: Severe and serious complications were seen in 24% and 32% of aortic, 8.3% and 10% of carotid, 11.8% and 14.7% of peripheral vascular, 9.0% and 13.1% of intraabdominal/intrathoracic, 2.9% and 3.3% of intermediate-risk (head and neck and major orthopedic procedures), and 0.27% and 1.1% of low-risk procedures respectively. The five associated @entity1 -specific risk factors identified by logistic regression are: @entity583 < 6 months (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 12.9), emergency surgery (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.6), @entity583 > 6 months (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.5), @entity712 ever (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.0), and rhythm other than sinus (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9 to 3.2). Inclusion of the planned operative procedure significantly improves the predictive ability of our risk model. CONCLUSIONS: Five @entity1 -specific risk factors are associated with high risk for @entity299 in the perioperative period of noncardiac surgery in veterans. Inclusion of the operative procedure significantly improves the predictive ability of the risk model. Overall @entity299 rates (pretest probabilities) are established for these @entity1 . A simple nomogram is presented for calculation of post-test probabilities by incorporating the operative procedure.

title: Adverse XXXX after surgery: assessing risk in a veteran population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications', 'cardiac complication']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: PURPOSE: Acute grade III tears of the @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ) of the thumb as well as certain bony @entity174 receive early surgical repair at our institution. The aim of this study was to evaluate if @entity1 would benefit from this treatment algorithm at long-term. METHODS: 47 @entity1 with @entity4542 bony @entity155 @entity174 or grade III @entity4542 tear were evaluated at a median follow-up of 4.5  years (range 1-17.3  years). Grade III @entity4542 tears were treated operatively when presenting >30   angulation in stress X-ray together with palmar subluxation of >= 3  mm. Further, avulsed bony fragments with @entity6877 >2  mm or fragment rotation >30  -45   in conventional X-ray underwent surgery. 6 @entity1 with grade III @entity4542 tear as well as 9 @entity1 with bony @entity155 underwent surgical repair. RESULTS: At follow-up, metacarpophalangeal joint stability and @entity158 free ROM did not differ significantly between the groups. Subjective satisfaction based on the Catalano grading system revealed excellent results in operatively and conservatively treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective analysis indicates that early surgical repair in severe @entity130 is associated with unrestricted ROM, persistent joint stability, and subjective @entity1 satisfaction. This data suggest that surgical treatment in certain @entity130 might be a feasible therapeutic option in order to avoid chronic instability.

title: Avulsion XXXX and complete rupture of the thumb @entity4542 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6877 :: ('MESH:D046548', 'Disease') :: ['diastasis']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['RCL injuries']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial collateral ligament', 'RCL']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 still experience @entity158 upon waking following dental extraction under general anaesthesia. Local anaesthetic has been shown to reduce this @entity158 , but needs to be administered via a method that causes minimum @entity130 to the @entity1 . AIM: This study aims to evaluate the use of intraligamental injection of local anaesthetic, under general anaesthesia prior to the extraction of the tooth, for @entity282 control in @entity1 aged 2-5 years. DESIGN: A randomized, single-blind, controlled trial of intraligamental @entity3303 (2% @entity3303 solution with @entity1425 ( @entity1425 ) 1 : 80 000) for primary teeth extraction under general anaesthesia was performed. @entity158 was scored by the investigators at 5-, 15-, 30-, and 60-min time points in the first hour using the Toddler-Preschooler Postoperative @entity158 Scale. RESULTS: Eighty-six @entity1 were recruited in the study: 42 randomized in the @entity3303 treatment group and 44 in the control group. There was no significant difference (P = 0.42, Mann-Whitney U-test) in the cumulative four time point median @entity158 score over the first hour. In the @entity3303 treatment group, this was 3 (interquantile range (IQR) 0-7.5) and in the control group this was 3 (IQR: 0-10). At the 5-min time point after the @entity1 returned from recovery, the @entity158 score in the @entity3303 group (0 IQR 0-1) was statistically lower than that in the control group (0 IQR 0-5) (P = 0.023). There was no difference in the 15-, 30-, or 60-min time points. CONCLUSIONS: Intraligamental @entity3303 used for dental extraction under general anaesthesia in young @entity1 initially causes @entity158 after recovery, but this difference is not sustained over the first hour after dental extraction.

title: Randomized controlled trial of the intraligamental use of a local anaesthetic ( XXXX 2%) versus controls in paediatric tooth extraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury or distress']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lignocaine']


abstract: @entity44 ( @entity48 ) is a common disorder in @entity1 of reproductive age. Sometimes the @entity5 is complicated by torsion, @entity397 , and malignant change. However, it rarely presents with @entity221 . We present a 38-year-old @entity1 with an intermittent @entity221 for 30 days, who received occasional medical treatment without improvement. She was to our clinic for evaluation and treatment; however, @entity221 persisted for three days without clinical improvement. No definite @entity281 source could be identified except the presence of a huge @entity530 . The @entity1 underwent exploratory laparotomy and an @entity42 with @entity281 was noted. Pathology review revealed @entity44 with @entity281 by @entity526 . Fever impressively subsided on the fifth postoperative day. Although the majority of @entity1 suffering from @entity221 initially search for medical treatment at primary clinics, rare conditions such as persistent @entity221 should be consulted by specialists to make differential diagnosis. @entity44 is rarely superimposed by @entity281 and rarely causes @entity221 . Furthermore, the possibility of @entity221 caused by @entity43 ( @entity43 ) is often missed in @entity1 with history of tubal ligation since there is a lower incidence of @entity43 in these unique @entity1 . However, based on this case report, we should be alert whenever long-term @entity221 is noted. Prompt surgical treatment for extirpation and an appropriate antibiotic treatment would be the choice of treatment in such cases.

title: @entity44 with secondary XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['tubo-ovarian abscess', 'TOA']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'superimposed infection']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumor']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature teratoma', 'Mature teratoma']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: In 1986, The Hospital for Sick @entity1 (Toronto, Canada) began to use a standard preoperative chemotherapeutic regimen for @entity1 who had unresectable @entity4177 . In 1988, we extended this protocol to all @entity1 who had @entity4177 . Of 25 @entity1 who presented with @entity4177 , 22 were eligible for protocol therapy. After percutaneous biopsy, cycles of @entity900 (20 mg/m2/d for 5 days) and @entity632 (25 mg/m2/d for 3 days) were administered every 3 weeks by continuous intravenous infusion. A CAT scan was performed after the third cycle. Surgery was undertaken if response indicated that complete resection was possible. If not, a further one to three cycles were given until response was adequate. Postoperatively, therapy was continued for a total of six cycles. Twenty of twenty-two (91%) @entity5 responded to chemotherapy. Over half required only three cycles. Twenty hepatic resections (6 segmentectomies, 10 lobectomies, 4 trisegmentectomies) were performed. Preoperative therapy significantly reduced the extent of resection calculated to be necessary for complete excision at an initial diagnosis of the @entity5 in all but one. In the two @entity1 with inadequate response, total hepatectomy and transplant was necessary for complete resection. No deaths or operative delays were attributed to chemotherapy @entity137 . Nineteen of 22 @entity1 (87%) are alive with no evidence of disease, including both transplant @entity1 . One @entity204 was caused by @entity954 and the other two were caused by metastatic lung disease at 22 and 26 months, respectively. Twelve @entity1 , eight with @entity5 that would have been unresectable before effective chemotherapy, have had follow-up for more than 5 years. This protocol of preoperative chemotherapy appears to be safe and effective for most @entity1 who have @entity4177 .

title: Improved long-term survival with preoperative chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: Chronically elevated HPA activity has often been associated with fear and @entity148 , but there is evidence that single administrations of glucocorticoids may acutely reduce fear. Moreover, peri-traumatic @entity701 elevation may protect against development of @entity1005 . Hypervigilant processing of threat information plays a role in @entity148 and although relations with HPA functioning have been established, causality of these relations remains unclear. Presently, self-reported @entity148 and response time patterns on a masked emotional Stroop task with fearful faces were measured in 20 healthy young @entity1 after double-blind, placebo-controlled oral administration of 40 mg @entity701 . The masked fearful Stroop task measures vocal colornaming response latencies for pictures of neutral and fearful faces presented below the threshold for conscious perception. Results showed increased response times on trials for fearful compared to neutral faces after placebo, but this emotional Stroop effect was acutely abolished by @entity701 administration. This effect was most pronounced in subjects with heightened @entity148 levels. This is the first evidence showing that exogenous @entity701 acutely reduces @entity148 -driven selective attention to threat. These results extend earlier findings of acute fear reduction after glucocorticoid administration. This suggests interactions of HPA functioning and vigilant attention in the pathogenesis of @entity148 . Possible neuroendocrine mechanisms of action are discussed.

title: A single administration of @entity701 acutely reduces preconscious attention for fear in anxious young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: 1. @entity17828 stimulated @entity268 ( @entity1919 ) accumulation and potentiated ( @entity840 ) or inhibited ( @entity19 ) the @entity112 H1-receptor-stimulated hydrolysis of @entity8580 phospholipids in slices of @entity840 and @entity19 cerebral cortex. 2. Two @entity3624 -based @entity859 receptor antagonists were identified which were one order of magnitude more potent at the @entity859 receptor mediating augmentation of the @entity112 -stimulated @entity8580 phospholipid hydrolysis than at the receptor linked to @entity1919 formation in @entity840 cerebral cortical slices. 3. These compounds, @entity3743 ( @entity3743 ) and @entity52575 ( @entity52575 ) retained their selectivity under near-identical incubation conditions in both assays. 4. These compounds also showed similar affinities and selectivity for the @entity859 receptor mediating inhibition of @entity112 -stimulated @entity8580 phospholipid hydrolysis in @entity19 cerebral cortical slices. 5. Inclusion of agents which give rise to, or mimic, high levels of @entity1919 ( @entity1928 (1 microM), @entity5987 (1 mM) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (1 microM] in the incubation medium failed to mimic the action of @entity17828 on @entity8580 phospholipid turnover in cerebral cortical slices from either species. 6. These data suggest that the @entity859 receptor modulating the hydrolysis of @entity8580 phospholipid in @entity19 and @entity840 cerebral cortical slices is different from the @entity859 receptor linked to @entity1919 formation, and, furthermore, that the modulation of @entity8580 phospholipid metabolism in either species is not mediated via alterations in @entity1919 levels.

title: Differences in the @entity859 receptors modulating inositol phosphates and XXXX accumulation in mammalian cerebral cortex.

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity5987 :: ('MESH:D015124', 'Chemical') :: ['8-bromo-cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity52575 :: ('MESH:C062834', 'Chemical') :: ['BMPX', '7-benzyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)xanthine']

entities_list: @entity17828 :: ('MESH:D015762', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloroadenosine', '2-Chloroadenosine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity3743 :: ('MESH:C051360', 'Chemical') :: ['8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine', 'DPCPX']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: A total of 50 cases of @entity5 in the @entity8 were treated in Tokyo University Branch Hospital (20 cases in 1966-1982) and in Tranomon Hospital (30 cases in 1977-1987). They were composed of 42 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 (5.3:1) with a mean age of 61 years. 31 @entity1 suffered from @entity703 , 15 @entity5 and 4 @entity5 in both sites. The @entity5 were located in the left side in 33 cases, right in 16, and both sides in 1.86% of @entity1 showed gross @entity811 . The findings on IVP were filling defect (42%) and nonvisualization (33%). Positive urine cytology was obtained in 12 of 25 cases (48%). Surgery was performed in 47 cases. The remaining 3 cases were with @entity1442 . The surgeries were total nephroureterectomy plus ipsilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in 26 cases, total nephroureterectomy without node dissection in 7, total nephroureterectomy and total cystectomy in 3, nephrectomy in 9, partial nephrectomy in 1 and segmental excision of ureter with ureteroureterostomy in one. Histologically, all @entity5 were @entity1606 . Over-all survival rates (Kaplan-Meier's method) of the operated @entity1 at 1, 3, 5 years were 84.2%, 73.1% and 69.4%, respectively. The stage and grade of the @entity5 affected the prognosis. N factor at lymph node dissection was the most determining factor of prognosis. 3 advanced cases who did not receive surgery for primary site were treated with @entity1487 in 2, and with CAP in 1.2 of them died of the disease within 1 year after diagnosis, one @entity1 was lost in follow up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Treatment in 50 cases of @entity1606 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvis and ureter']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'ureteral tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced diseases']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic tumors']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal pelvis and ureter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mySentry system (Medtronic Inc.) is the first to amplify and relay continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) and insulin pump data to a remote site within the house. Its usability and acceptability were evaluated in families having a @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . METHODS: Each enrolled family included a @entity1 (age 7-17 years) who used a Paradigm REAL-Time Revel sensor-augmented insulin pump (Medtronic). After a 1-week run-in phase, families set up and used the mySentry system for a 3-week study phase. Opinion surveys were completed by parents, and pump and CGM data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. No formal hypothesis testing was performed, and the study was not powered to detect changes in nocturnal glycemia. RESULTS: Thirty-five families completed the study. Enrolled @entity1 (61.1% female) had a mean (   standard deviation) age of 11.9    2.70 years and a mean age at initiation of pump therapy of 7.1    3.19 years. Baseline survey results indicated that most parents were fearful of their unawareness of their @entity1 's nocturnal @entity413 excursions. The mySentry system met the predefined acceptability criteria for general experience, product usability, and training materials. There were no unanticipated device-related adverse effects. Among @entity1 who experienced nocturnal hypo- or @entity1602 episodes in both phases of the study, there was a trend toward less frequent and less prolonged episodes during mySentry use. CONCLUSION: The mySentry system met all predefined criteria for acceptability and did not demonstrate safety issues. Alerting parents to abnormal @entity413 values or trends may attenuate @entity4053 and @entity4854 by prompting appropriate and timely intervention.

title: Acceptability and utility of the mySentry remote XXXX monitoring system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Transposable elements are being considered as genetic drive agents for introducing phenotype-altering genes into populations of vectors of @entity1 disease. The dynamics of endogenous elements will assist in predicting the behavior of introduced elements. Transposable element display was used to estimate the site-occupancy frequency distribution of Herves in six populations of @entity313 s.s. The site-occupancy distribution data suggest that the element has been recently active within the sampled populations. All 218 individuals sampled contained @entity34885 least one copy of Herves with a mean of 3.6 elements per diploid genome. No significant differences in copy number were observed among populations. Nucleotide polymorphism within the element was high (pi = 0.0079 in noncoding sequences and 0.0046 in coding sequences) relative to that observed in some of the more well-studied elements in @entity238 . In total, 33 distinct forms of Herves were found on the basis of the sequence of the first 528 bp of the transposase open reading frame. Only two forms were found in all six study populations. Although Herves elements in An. gambiae are quite diverse, 85% of the individuals examined had evidence of complete forms of the element. Evidence was found for the lateral transfer of Herves from an unknown source into the An. gambiae lineage prior to the diversification of the An. gambiae species complex. The characteristics of Herves in An. gambiae are somewhat unlike those of P elements in @entity238 .

title: Transposable element dynamics of the @entity34885 element Herves in the XXXX malaria vector @entity313 s.s.

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'D. melanogaster']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The timing of operative @entity174 care is often confounded by @entity66 , conflicting or absent literature, and lack of communication between orthopaedic surgeons and other physicians providing care to the @entity1 . Much has been published regarding the proper sequence of events in providing care to @entity1 with @entity66 . Only recently has the @entity85 and the timing of fixation in multiply-injured @entity1 been explored in detail. Timing of care for pelvic @entity130 is frequently determined by the presence of injury to other organ systems, the presence of open wounds, and hemodynamic status. There is likely an optimal time window for fixation. However, existing data is often difficult to compare, given varying definitions and protocols. Furthermore, reports are often conflicting, making the determination of an optimal time-window difficult. Similar concerns are present with @entity174 . Injury to other organ systems must be considered with timing of femur fixation, particularly in the presence of @entity651 . Tibia @entity174 are frequently complicated by the presence of a tenuous soft tissue envelope and other injury factors that often alter the timing of fixation. These issues and, last, the timing of care for calcaneus and @entity130 are reviewed, as risk of @entity2530 and quality of articular reduction are related to the timing of fixation.

title: Timing issues in XXXX management: a review of current concepts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'lower extremity long bone fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['role of complex musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'talus injuries']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: @entity18639 ( @entity18640 ) is a food-borne mycotoxin produced by @entity18327 . Structurally @entity18640 resembles sphingoid bases, and ingestion of @entity18640 causes several @entity4409 . @entity18640 will cause @entity96 in @entity35 and is implicated as a cofactor in esophageal or @entity96 . Previous studies concluded that @entity18640 repressed @entity15308 ( @entity15308 ) activity but induced CDK inhibitors @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ), @entity993 ( @entity13525 ), and @entity8755 ( @entity8755 ) in monkey kidney cells (CV-1). In contrast, CV-1 cells transformed by @entity2235 are resistant to the antiproliferative or apoptotic effects of @entity18640 . Consequently, @entity18640 treatment of CV-1 cells leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrate that @entity18640 transcriptionally activates the @entity994 promoter. Functional analysis of the @entity994 promoter by reporter gene assays mapped the @entity18640 -responsive region to -124 to -47. DNase I footprinting analysis revealed two protected motifs that span the @entity18640 -responsive region, -124 to -101 (footprint II) and -89 to -67 (footprint III). Further studies demonstrated that DNA sequences from -124 to -101 were sufficient for @entity18640 stimulation. DNA sequences from -124 to -101 contain two @entity3419 binding sites, and gel shift assays provided evidence that nuclear factors specifically bind to this region. Disruption of the two @entity3419 binding sites abrogated the binding of nuclear proteins and prevented activation by @entity18640 . Taken together, these results suggest that @entity3419 or @entity3419 -related proteins mediate @entity18640 -induced activation of the @entity994 promoter.

title: The mycotoxin @entity18639 transcriptionally activates the @entity994 promoter through a cis-acting element containing two XXXX binding sites.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity18639 :: ('MESH:C056933', 'Chemical') :: ['Fumonisin B1']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal diseases']

entities_list: @entity15308 :: ('1017', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase 2', 'CDK2']

entities_list: @entity18327 :: ('117187', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium moniliforme']

answer: @entity3419 :: (6667,Gene) :: ['Sp1']


abstract: T and B lineage @entity981 cells express different levels of HLA-class II antigens, which may serve as targets for @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). The object of this study was to determine whether @entity2132 effects after HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation differed in T and B lineage @entity981 . We studied 1132 @entity1 with @entity981 of T lineage (n = 416) or of B lineage (cALLa+) (n = 716) transplanted in first (n = 605) or second (n = 527) remission with bone marrow from an HLA-identical sibling donor, between 1982 and 1992, and reported to the IBMTR by 165 teams. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the relative risk (RR) of relapse in @entity1 with acute (grades II-IV) or chronic @entity2132 vs @entity1 without @entity2132 . Acute and chronic @entity2132 were considered as time-dependent covariates. @entity1 transplanted in first and second remission were analyzed separately. @entity2132 decreased relapse risks to a similar extent in T and B lineage @entity981 . For first remission transplants, relative risks of relapse for @entity1 with vs those without @entity2132 was 0.34 for T lineage @entity981 and 0.44 for B lineage @entity981 . Corresponding relative risks in second remission transplants were 0.54 and 0.61. This study confirms earlier findings of an antileukemia effect of @entity2132 in @entity981 . This effect was similar in T lineage and B lineage @entity981 , despite probable differences in HLA-class II antigen expression.

title: Graft-versus-leukemia effects in T lineage and B lineage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'GVL', 'graft-versus-host disease', 'graft-versus-leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Oligonucleotide primer pairs specific for @entity1192 , @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity225 , and @entity650 , as well as for @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ), and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) mRNA/cDNA were synthesized in order to detect cytokine transcripts by reverse transcription and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). Analysis of RNA preparations of the @entity1 @entity150 cell line 5637 by this methodology reveals expression of mRNAs for @entity1192 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity1261 , @entity6824 , and for @entity2841 , whereas mRNAs for @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , and @entity225 are not detectable. These results are in agreement with data obtained by classical methods. Thus, for the cytokines @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , and @entity225 , it was not possible to detect a phenomenon described as 'illegitimate transcription,' defined as the low level transcription of any gene in any cell type. This finding is of importance for the applicability of mRNA phenotyping employing RT/PCR for the determination of mRNA expression patterns. For @entity6824 mRNA detection, two oligonucleotide primer pairs had to be used to distinguish between the alpha-(pcCSF17) and beta-splicing forms and to overcome the problem of non-amplification of a larger fragment in the presence of a competing smaller one, defined here as 'incomplete positivity.' For @entity1261 , @entity3646 , @entity1199 , and @entity225 , RT/PCR reveals two fragments. Restriction enzyme analysis of the additional fragments suggests that they may arise from alternative splicing events. For @entity1261 and @entity3646 , exons 3 and 2 seem to be spliced out, respectively. The additional fragments for @entity1199 and @entity225 RT/PCR have not yet been further characterized, but the size of the fragments makes it seem probable that exons 2 and 3 are spliced out for @entity1199 and @entity225 , respectively. The biological role of these alternative mRNAs has yet to be determined.

title: Rapid and sensitive mRNA phenotyping for interleukins ( @entity1192 to @entity650 ) and colony-stimulating factors ( @entity1261 , XXXX , and @entity2841 ) by reverse transcription and subsequent polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 alpha', 'interleukins (IL)-1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['M-CSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity6824 :: (1435,Gene) :: ['M-CSF']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) increases with advancing age in @entity1 , particularly after menopause. @entity65 risk is lower in physically active @entity1 relative to their sedentary peers, but the responsible mechanisms are not well understood. The aims of this study were to test the hypotheses that 1) physically active postmenopausal @entity1 demonstrate more favorable blood pressure (BP)-related risk factors for @entity65 than do sedentary healthy @entity1 and 2) @entity1 on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) also have more favorable levels of these @entity65 risk factors. BP-related @entity65 risk factors were measured in physically active @entity1 (n = 18; age 55 +/- 1 yr; n = 8 on HRT) and in healthy less-active controls (n = 34; age 59 +/- 1 yr; n = 17 on HRT). Maximal @entity26 consumption was higher in the active group, whereas waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference were lower (all P < 0.005). The active @entity1 demonstrated marginally lower (5-8 mmHg; P < or = 0.10) levels of casual, 24-h, and daytime systolic BP (SBP). They also tended to have lower (P = 0.11) daytime SBP loads (percentage of BP recordings > 140/90 mmHg) and lower daytime and nighttime BP variabilities (P = 0.04) and a reduced (P < 0.007) SBP response to submaximal exercise. @entity1 on HRT tended to have lower (3-4 mmHg; P = 0.07) levels of 24-h and nighttime diastolic BP (DBP) relative to the nonusers and smaller (P < 0.04) daytime and 24-h DBP loads. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that waist circumference was the primary predictor of most of the SBP-related @entity65 risk factors while HRT use was the best predictor for DBP loads. These findings indicate that, in general, physically active postmenopausal @entity1 demonstrate more favorable SBP-related @entity65 risk factors relative to their less-active healthy peers, which may be mediated, in party, by their lower levels of abdominal adiposity. In addition, HRT use tends to be associated with lower levels of DBP-related @entity65 risk factors.

title: Blood pressure risks factors in healthy postmenopausal XXXX : physical activity and hormone replacement.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Cytogenetic and molecular analyses such as allelotyping studies have revealed several genetic changes typical for @entity1 @entity66 . However, most studies to date have involved @entity11 and thus are likely to reflect late events of @entity5 progression. To elucidate the initial events of @entity5 growth, we performed a genome-wide search for genetic alterations in the DNA of 43 low-grade @entity11 as compared to the constitutional DNA of the @entity1 ' peripheral blood leucocytes using the two-dimensional (2D) DNA fingerprint approach. Reliable results were obtained for 28 blood/ @entity5 sample pairs (13 @entity816 , 9 @entity816 , 1 @entity3271 , 3 oligoastrocytomas, and 2 @entity424 ). DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme HaeIII and the resulting fragments were separated on 2D gels according to size and sequence in the first and second dimensions, respectively. Patterns of hundreds of spots were generated by hybridization with four different mini- and microsatellite core probes. A total of 655 to 1,122 spots could be visualized per sample. Comparison of blood and @entity5 spot patterns revealed two to 11 reproducible changes per @entity1 . Most of the differences were spot losses (77.1%), while the others appeared to be gains or amplifications. Exactly the same changes were found in @entity5 recurrences which lacked histological signs of progression. When comparing different @entity1 , many of the affected spots tended to cluster in particular areas of the gel as revealed by computer-aided comparison of all spot patterns. Eleven different spot clusters were identified which may correspond to several major deletion targets. This study provides the basis for the future molecular cloning of the candidate @entity5 suppressor genes affected by the common spot losses and will allow new insights into the genetic mechanisms of glial tumorigenesis.

title: Genomic difference analysis by two-dimensional DNA fingerprinting reveals typical changes in @entity1 low-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glial tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: Classical conditioning of respiration was used to obtain psychometric functions for pulsed tone level discrimination in the @entity2083 ( @entity2083 ). Conditioned respiratory suppression is a graded response that has some properties of a confidence rating measure. These properties were used to obtain receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and psychometric functions using a blocked method of constant stimuli. Empirical ROCs and neurometric functions were also obtained for single auditory-nerve fibers using spike count as the decision variable in order to evaluate a simple rate code for level discrimination. Psychometric and neurometric functions for level discrimination are similar in showing the same general form (summarized by Weibull functions) that is independent of signal duration. The lower slope of neurometric functions compared with behavioral functions for level discrimination is in accord with similar data on sound detection and vision in nonhuman mammals. Both neural and psychophysical level discrimination thresholds decline with increasing duration (20 to 320 ms), with similar slopes except at short signal durations (20 to 50 ms). At these durations, the animal's use of a channel-selection strategy and neural information following stimulus offset could reduce the difference between neural and psychophysical thresholds. The slopes of the neural and psychophysical duration functions are similar to those for @entity1 observers, but the majority of auditory-nerve fibers sampled have lower level discrimination thresholds than the behaving animal. Since @entity1 observers perform better than the majority of neurons in level discrimination, well-trained @entity1 listeners may be able to select channels with superior information, or to combine information across channels in ways that the @entity2083 and other animals do not. In general, one is encouraged to believe that neural mechanisms need not be more complex or sensitive than those considered here to account for pure-tone level discrimination in fishes, @entity1 , and other vertebrates.

title: Psychometric functions for level discrimination and the effects of signal duration in the XXXX ( @entity2083 ): psychophysics and neurophysiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2083 :: ('7957', 'Species') :: ['Carassius auratus', 'goldfish']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of variation at the apolipoprotein (apo) A-II gene locus on lipoprotein levels in @entity1144 . A total of 145 sedentary @entity1 , free from @entity209 requiring pharmacotherapy, were classified into two groups on the basis of their apo A-II-MspI genotype determined by the polymerase chain reaction: 1) 43 M1 carriers or M1M2, including two M1M1 homozygotes and 41 M1M2 heterozygotes, and 2) 102 M2M2 homozygotes for the presence of a MspI restriction site. The two genotypic groups did not differ for body mass index (BMI, expressed in kg/m2), body fat mass, visceral @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) accumulation, as well as for @entity2690 , @entity413 and free @entity1718 levels measured in the fasting state and in response to an oral @entity413 tolerance test. In addition, 65 and 63% of M1 carriers had plasma @entity9477 @entity165 levels and a @entity9477 / @entity9478 @entity165 ratio below the 50th percentile of their distributions compared with 45%(P < 0.05) and 46%(P = 0.06), respectively, in M2M2 homozygotes. When subjects were further divided on the basis of @entity1386 (below and above a value of 130 cm2), M1 carriers with low levels of @entity1386 were characterized by high plasma HDL @entity165 and @entity9477 @entity165 concentrations as well as by a higher @entity9477 / @entity9478 ratio, compared with M1 carriers with high levels of @entity1386 (> 130 cm2), or with M2M2 homozygotes with either a high or a low accumulation of @entity1386 . Furthermore, M1 carriers with high levels of @entity1386 showed a trend for lower plasma @entity9477 @entity165 levels and were characterized by a significantly lower @entity9477 / @entity9478 @entity165 ratio compared with the other three groups. No difference in HDL and @entity9477 @entity165 levels and in the @entity9477 / @entity9478 @entity165 ratio was noted when M2 homozygotes with lower versus higher levels of @entity1386 were compared. The contribution of @entity3190 was also examined by dividing subjects on the basis of the 50th percentile of the integrated @entity2690 response to an oral @entity413 challenge. Significantly lower plasma @entity9477 @entity165 levels and a reduced @entity9477 / @entity9478 @entity165 ratio were noted among M1 carriers with high plasma @entity2690 responses compared with M1 carriers with low @entity2690 responses. Among M2M2 homozygotes, no difference was noted in plasma HDL @entity165 and in @entity9477 @entity165 concentrations between @entity1 with low versus high @entity2690 responses to the oral @entity413 load. These results suggest that the apo A-II-MspI polymorphism could modulate plasma HDL @entity165 levels among @entity1144 , @entity2690 -resistant @entity1 .

title: The MspI polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A-II gene as a modulator of the dyslipidemic state found in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['visceral obese', 'visceral obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'visceral AT accumulation', 'visceral AT', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['visceral obesity']


abstract: To investigate abnormal growth regulation in keloid fibroblasts, responses to @entity4996 were examined. Treatment of quiescent cultures with @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) blocked a normally occurring (20-24 h) peak of serum-stimulated @entity1014 incorporation in normal and keloid cells. In keloid fibroblasts @entity4515 induced a delayed peak of DNA synthesis. When @entity3352 was added with @entity4515 the delayed peak appeared in normal fibroblasts. The ED50 for inhibition of the 20-24-h peak was 1 nM, whereas the delayed peak required a 50-fold-higher @entity4515 concentration. In both cell types @entity4515 induced @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) synthesis, and exogenous @entity1421 caused 50% inhibition of the 20-24-h peak. When @entity4515 and @entity3352 were added with @entity1421 the delayed peak was inhibited 90% in normal fibroblasts, whereas inhibition of keloid cells was the same as with @entity1421 alone. Normal and keloid fibroblasts had the same number of @entity4621 binding sites. However, in normal cells, @entity10670 bound with greater affinity, and down-regulation of @entity4621 binding occurred to a greater extent. These findings suggest that altered expression of protein kinase C isozymes or another molecule that binds @entity4996 may play a role in abnormal growth regulation of keloid cells.

title: Keloid fibroblasts are refractory to inhibition of DNA synthesis by @entity4996 . Altered response is accompanied by reduced sensitivity to XXXX and altered down-regulation of @entity4621 binding sites.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity10670 :: ('MESH:D015240', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: Topotecan has demonstrated @entity43 . In order to increase the @entity5 response rate and to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of topotecan, we decided to develop a high-dose phase I regimen supported by stem cell support. High-doses schedules using a 1-day single administration have MTDs of 10.5 (24 h continuous infusion (CI)) or 22.5 mg/m2 (30 min infusion). Five-day CI induces grade IV @entity33 at high doses (MTD<12 mg/m2). We chose to administer topotecan in a 5-day schedule with a 30 min daily infusion. @entity1 were scheduled to receive one cycle of therapy. The first dose level was 4.0 mg/m2/day x 5 days. Limiting @entity137 were defined as @entity137 , grade IV non-haematopoietic or @entity137 >6 weeks. From August 1998 to April 2002, 49 @entity1 were included. Forty-three @entity1 have completed one course and 15 have received two cycles. One @entity1 treated at level 7 mg/m2/day died of @entity295 . Median duration of grade IV @entity1398 was 9 days. Two episodes of grade IV @entity294 were observed at level 9.5 mg/m2/day. Pharmacokinetic data were linear within the dose range of 4-9.0 mg/m2/day. The MTD was reached at 9 mg/m2/day x 5 days.

title: Phase I study of high-dose topotecan with haematopoietic stem cell support in the treatment of XXXX : the ITOV 01 protocol.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['activity in ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic death', 'haematopoietic toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinomas']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: We describe our surgical experience to @entity10545 and @entity13626 of the occipitocervical junction. In this location, vertebral artery vicinity requires special consideration. OBJECTIVES: We illustrate our surgical approaches to remove lesions confidently, while minimizing bone resection to preserve stability. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Up until now, @entity10545 and @entity13626 of the occipitocervical junction are reported as case reports. Several treatment methods have been described to treat @entity10545 . Nevertheless, surgery is the treatment of choice for lesions located in the C0-C2 region. METHODS: A retrospective review of 7 @entity1 , including 5 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , with a mean age of 21.0 years (range 3.0-38.0) was conducted. Clinical outcomes were evaluated immediately and after a mean follow-up of 27.6 months. RESULTS: There were 6 and 1 @entity1 who underwent surgery with the anterolateral and posterolateral approaches, respectively. In @entity10545 , the nidus was removed, and the peripheral condensation was drilled up to normal bone (n = 4) or partially resected (n = 2). One @entity13626 was removed extensively up to soft tissues. No osteo-arthrodesis was performed. Before surgery, all @entity1 complained of @entity158 , 3 presented with neck stiffness, and 2 with a torticollis. Immediately after surgery, all complaints disappeared. One @entity1 underwent repeat surgery 15 months later for a recurrence. At the end of the follow-up, all @entity1 were symptom-free, and partially resected peripheral condensations were stable on computerized tomography. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10545 and @entity13626 of the occipitocervical junction is safe and efficient. Stability is preserved if more than half the joints are preserved with a proper surgical approach that minimizes bone resection.

title: @entity10545 and XXXX of the occipitocervical junction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastoma', 'osteoblastomas']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteomas', 'Removal of osteoid osteomas', 'remove osteoid osteomas']

answer: @entity13626 :: (MESH:D018215,Disease) :: ['osteoblastomas']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors assessed the results of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery in the treatment of @entity432 and @entity438 in the US between 1992 and 2001 by using population-based methods. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study based on data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, @entity601 ). Five hundred fifty-eight operations were performed at 158 hospitals by 115 identified surgeons. The indications for surgery were @entity2806 in 74% of the operations (2.4% mortality rate), @entity439 in 19% of the operations (7.7% mortality rate), and @entity1756 in 7% of the operations (21% mortality rate). Overall, 4.6% of the @entity1 died and 4.7% of the @entity1 were discharged to long-term facilities, 16.4% to short-term facilities, and 74.2% to their homes. The annual number of admissions in the US increased from 190 per year (1992-1996) to 360 per year (1997-2001), whereas the mortality rates increased from 2.8% (1992-1996) to 5.7% (1997-2001). The median annual number of procedures was three per hospital (range one-27 operations) or two per surgeon (range one-21 operations). For 29% of @entity1 , their bypass procedure was the only one recorded at their particular hospital during that year; for these institutions the mean annual caseload was 0.4 admissions per year. For 42% of @entity1 , their particular surgeon performed no other bypass procedure during that year. Older @entity1 age (p < 0.001) and African-American race (p = 0.005) were risk factors for adverse outcome. In a multivariate analysis in which adjustments were made for age, sex, race, diagnosis, admission type, geographic region, medical comorbidity, and year of surgery, high-volume hospitals less frequently had an adverse discharge disposition (odds ratio 0.54, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Most EC-IC bypasses performed in the US during the last decade were performed for @entity432 . Community mortality rates for @entity439 treatment including bypass procedures currently exceed published values from specialized centers and, during the period under study, the mortality rates increased with time for all diagnostic subgroups. This technically demanding procedure has become a very low-volume operation at most US centers.

title: Extracranial-intracranial bypass in the treatment of @entity432 and XXXX in the United States between 1992 and 2001: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Differentiation between normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) and @entity1010 is difficult in clinical practice. The purpose of this paper was to apply two advanced statistical, pattern recognition methods: discriminant analysis (DA) and k-nearest neighbour (K-NN) for the classification of NPH and @entity194 @entity1 to approach computer aided differential diagnosis. The classification is based on a few measures of the center of foot pressure (COP) movements (radius, area, and length). The posturography method gives a measure of current postural stability by a quantitative evaluation of postural sways. Measurements have been performed in the standing upright position in two conditions: with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC). The study comprises 18 @entity1 (mean age 64   13 years) diagnosed as normal pressure @entity1276 and qualifying for shunt implantation. The @entity1 were evaluated by static posturography twice: before and after surgery. The NPH @entity1 were compared with 36 @entity194 @entity1 (mean age 64  13 years) and 47 healthy @entity1 (mean age 60   7 years). There were two basic dissimilarities in the NPH @entity1 before surgery in comparison with the other groups: very large sways and their independence from vision. Over 90% of the NPH cases both before and after surgery were correctly classified. There also were over 90% of correctly classified @entity1 if we compared the before surgery NPH and @entity194 @entity1 . Further posturographic measurements and data collection are needed to verify these results.

title: Posturography in differential diagnosis of normal pressure XXXX and @entity1010 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although @entity884 ( @entity884 ) and @entity715 ( @entity715 ) are associated with @entity64 , differences in the nature of these conditions may result in differences in associated @entity64 patterns. We compared patterns of acute and recurrent @entity385 in @entity884 and @entity715 , using diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI). METHODS: Using ICD-9 diagnostic codes and medical record review, we identified 362 @entity1 (387 episodes) with @entity884 and 14 @entity1 with @entity715 . Thirty-five @entity1 (with 27 episodes of @entity884 , 9 @entity715 ) who underwent 36 initial and 29 follow-up DWI scans were selected for this study. DWI lesion size, number, and location were compared between groups and correlated with @entity64 syndromes and @entity884 features. RESULTS: DWI was abnormal in all but 2 @entity1 . Four @entity64 patterns were identified: (1) single lesion, (2) territorial @entity1188 , (3) disseminated punctate lesions, and (4) numerous small (<10 mm) and medium (10 to 30 mm) or large (>30 mm) lesions in multiple territories. All @entity1 with @entity715 exhibited pattern 4, whereas those with @entity884 exhibited patterns 1, 2, 3, and 4 (6, 2, 8 and 9 episodes, respectively). Seventy-five percent of @entity1 with pattern 3 exhibited the clinical syndrome of @entity999 . Vegetation size, valve, and organisms had no correlation with @entity64 patterns. CONCLUSION: DWI has utility in differentiating between @entity884 and @entity715 . @entity1 with @entity715 uniformly have multiple, widely distributed, small and large @entity64 , whereas @entity1 with @entity884 exhibit a panoply of @entity64 patterns.

title: Acute XXXX patterns in infective and @entity715 : a diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['embolic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['NBTE', 'nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Delayed onset of @entity3541 is possibly an underestimated but distressing complication of @entity5513 surgery. The incidence of this complication reported in the literature has varied from 11.7 to 41%. This study reviewed retrospectively 60 primary @entity5513 surgeries performed by a single neurotologist. The delayed onset of @entity409 was defined according to the guidelines described by of Lalwani Butt, Jackler, Pitts and Jingling in 1995. They considered either a deterioration of facial function from normal to abnormal or an increased severity of the degree of @entity3541 , which was grouped using the House-Brackmann scale system. Fifteen of the 60 @entity1 (25%) were found to have a deterioration of facial function. The incidence of delayed @entity3541 was not influenced by age, sex or @entity5 size. The majority of the @entity1 had a favorable prognosis. Only three @entity1 had a grade III-IV facial function at 1 year. It is possible that these latter cases might have benefited from intraoperative meatal facial nerve decompression, as advocated by Sargent, Kartush and Graham.

title: @entity5513 surgery and delayed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'facial palsy']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial palsy']


abstract: Loss of @entity876 and p21WAF1 expression have previously been reported in @entity788 . Despite these findings in several reports of oncogene and @entity5 suppressor gene alterations in @entity788 , the clinical significance of these changes is still poorly understood. In an attempt to detect molecular prognostic markers for @entity3123 , we studied the immunohistochemical expression of @entity876 , p21WAF1, and @entity2533 proteins in 42 pancreatic @entity420 of the ductal type. The results were correlated with clinicopathologic findings to identify the markers with prognostic significance. @entity876 nuclear immunoreactivity was seen in 20 (48%) of the cases, and it was strong to moderate in 14 (33%) of them. p21WAF1 cytoplasmic positivity was found in 16 (38%) of the @entity5 , with 72% staining strong to moderate. @entity2533 stained the cytoplasm of the @entity5 cells in 13 (31%). Of the @entity876 -negative cases, 12 (54%) exhibited p21WAF1 expression. In 3 (30%) of cases, @entity2533 reactivity was seen in the absence of @entity876 and p21WAF1 @entity876 positivity identified @entity5 of higher grade, but did not correlate with stage or survival. @entity2533 expression, however, identified low-grade @entity5 and @entity1 with longer survival. No correlation was found between the expression of any of these molecular markers and smoking history. We report a significant correlation between @entity2533 reactivity and low-grade @entity5 and between @entity2533 and better survival. This is a novel finding pointing to @entity2533 as a possible new stage-independent predictor of @entity5 survival in @entity1124 . In agreement with others, we also found @entity876 mutation in 20 (48%) of the @entity5 .

title: Analysis of @entity876 , p21WAF1, and XXXX in @entity1 @entity1124 : @entity2533 protein expression predicts longer survival.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Post-infective @entity1744 (PI- @entity5377 ) is characterized by continuing symptoms of @entity1744 , typically @entity294 -predominant, following an episode of @entity697 . There is often an increase in sub-epithelial inflammatory and neuroendocrine cells on colonic mucosal biopsy. @entity2983 is an anti-inflammatory agent, effective in the treatment of @entity29 . The goal of this study was to compare @entity2983 to placebo on symptoms and quality-of-life (QOL) in PI- @entity5377 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 who developed @entity294 -predominant @entity5377 after @entity1902 were randomized to receive @entity2983 ( @entity2983  ) 1.6 gm b.i.d. or placebo for 12 weeks in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. QOL was assessed using the @entity5377 -QOL questionnaire. Stool frequency, stool consistency, urgency, severity of @entity490 , severity of bloating, and global-improvement scale were recorded in daily diaries for 7 days at baseline and every 4 weeks. Data were analyzed by comparing the change from baseline to last follow-up. RESULTS: One @entity1 withdrew after randomization; data were incomplete in two @entity1 . Thus, data were analyzed from 17 @entity1 (11 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 , median age: 27 years, range 22-45 years). @entity2983 was not associated with significant improvement in global symptoms, @entity490 , bloating, stool urgency, frequency, or consistency (all p >=  0.11) or QOL (p >=  0.16). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant improvement in global symptoms or overall QOL with @entity2983 in @entity1 with PI- @entity5377 .

title: Double-blind placebo-controlled study of XXXX in post-infective @entity1744 --a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalamine', 'Mesalamine', 'Asacol']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['mesalamine']


abstract: Electrical stimulation has been used as a mode of therapy for a number of clinical conditions. However, it has not been used for the treatment of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ). For this purpose, we designed the "Baghdadin device". A total of 146 lesions of acute @entity4536 in 54 @entity1 were treated by this device. Twenty-one lesions in the same @entity1 were left untreated as controls. In addition, 36 lesions in 15 @entity1 were treated with intralesional @entity12879 . Treatment by the Baghdadin device consisted of weekly sessions of 10 minutes of direct current electrical stimulation. The intensity of the direct current ranged between 5 and 15 milliamperes, and the voltage was kept below 40 volts. Of the 146 lesions, 135 (92.5%) showed total clearance or marked improvement in 4-6 weeks time. Approximately 67% of the lesions needed only one or two sessions. Scarring was not observed after resolution. None of the untreated lesions showed any signs of improvement in 6 weeks. Of the lesions treated with @entity12879 , 32 lesions (88.9%) showed total clearance or marked improvement, which was not significantly different from the results with the Baghdadin device.

title: Treatment of XXXX by direct current electrotherapy: the Baghdadin device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['CL', 'cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity12879 :: ('MESH:D000967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium stibogluconate']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity55 is the most common @entity580 in the intensive care units (ICUs) and contributes disproportionately to both poor outcomes and high cost of care in critically ill @entity1 . In order to identify @entity1 with greater risk of developing @entity55 in ICUs, it is important to select the right preventive measures. @entity1 AND METHOD: It was an observational study of 2 prospective cohorts of @entity1 staying in the ICU for 24 h or more: the main cohort (n=1,184) and the validation cohort (n=554). A predictive model was constructed with the data of the main cohort using a logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and predictive values for different cut points were obtained with the data of both cohorts. RESULTS: Eight variables were selected for the predictive model: parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, nasogastric intubation, tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, previous surgery, @entity772 and @entity6 . In the main cohort, the model had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 78.4% in predicting @entity55 (Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic p=0.93; area under ROC curve=0.861; 95% confidence interval, 0.824-0.898). In the validation cohort, the area under ROC curve was 0.849 (95% confidence interval, 0.742-0.956). CONCLUSIONS: The resulting model presents satisfactory results in both cohorts. In addition, the variables used are simple, routinely available, and familiar to clinicians.

title: [Predictive model for XXXX in intensive care units].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial pneumonia', 'nosocomial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of sulindac on the pathology of @entity2513 of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1412 @entity1 were treated with sulindac 400 mg per day. The change of @entity1127 was assessed every 3 months in the first year. After the significant regression of @entity1127 was achieved, sulindac was used to maintain the effects. The @entity1 received colonoscopy examination regularly. Biopsies of remnant @entity1127 and other lesions were obtained. The type and @entity1141 grade of biopsies were evaluated and compared with baseline. RESULTS: Before the study, 90.8% of @entity652 biopsies were tubular, while 9.2% was @entity652 . The @entity1141 of grades I, II and III were 42.1%, 45.6% and 12.3%, respectively. After sulindac treatment, 99.8% of @entity652 biopsies were tubular, while 0.2% @entity652 . There was significant difference compared with baseline (P<0.01). The @entity1141 of grades I, II and III were 55.8%, 41.8% and 2.4% respectively, which had significant difference with baseline (P<0.01). Minor flat elevation and erythema were found during the treatment, in which approximately 65% was @entity652 . CONCLUSION: Long-term use of sulindac seems to be effective in reducing @entity1141 grade and @entity652 of retained @entity2513 of @entity1412 @entity1 . Minor flat elevation and erythema may be the lesions appearing during the regression of @entity652 .

title: [The effects of sulindac on the pathology of @entity1127 of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['tubulovillous adenoma', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma', 'colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the types and mix of technology (hardware and software) provided to post-secondary students with @entity5545 under the UK's Disabled Student Allowance (DSA), and to determine the students' satisfaction with, and use of, the equipment provided and to examine their experiences with training. METHOD: A telephone survey of 455 students with @entity5545 who had received technology under the DSA from one equipment supplier was conducted over in the period September to December 2005. The survey obtained a mixture of quantitative data (responses to binary questions and selections from a five-point rating scale) and qualitative data ( @entity1 identifying positive and negative experiences with technology). In addition, the equipment supplier's database was used to determine the technology supplied to each of the @entity1 . RESULT: Technology provision is variable between students. The majority of students receive a recording device, text-to-speech software and concept mapping tools in addition to a standard computer system. Ninety percent of @entity1 are satisfied or very satisfied with the hardware and the software that they receive. A total of 48.6% of @entity1 received training, with 86.3% of those expressing satisfaction with the training they received. Of those that were offered training but elected not to receive it, the majority did so because they felt confident about their IT skills. CONCLUSIONS: Students express satisfaction not only with the computer systems that they receive but also with the special-purpose software provided to support their studies. Significant numbers of students elect not to receive training and may, therefore, not be using their equipment to its best advantage.

title: Use of assistive technology by students with XXXX in post-secondary education.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['dyslexia']


abstract: Psychoanalysis of a @entity1 with active @entity988 , who is able to resume recreational drinking, has never been described. Mr. A. began treatment in @entity988 . Analysis demonstrated an underlying splitting between his experiencing and observing ego. His analyst received a projection of his observing ego, the part that was worried about his drinking. Because this split was resolved within a therapeutic alliance, Mr. A. decided that he had been attacking and punishing himself with @entity167 , and he elected to abstain from @entity167 entirely. The first key event that lead up to this dramatic decision was a sense that his analyst was a separate @entity1 . The second, arriving for discussion within the analysis through a dream, was his conviction that he would have to choose either to continue to drink with loss of control at the cost of his analysis or that he would have to choose to continue analysis at the expense of having to stop drinking. Mr. A. then came to feel that his analyst was attacking and punishing him with a fee increase. After 15 months of complete abstinence, Mr. A. found that he could drink with rare symptoms, but he still felt saddled with an abusive analyst. Mr. A.'s rages about the fee came up most commonly right after weekend or vacation breaks in the analysis. But the interpretation of these rages as related to missing me were contemptuously regarded as attempts to force him into my psychoanalytic schema rather than regarding his experience as valid. There was a dramatic shift of our alliance when Mr. A. was given complete control over the fee. I was freed to interpret and reconstruct the underlying early relationship with his parents. The final part of this article describes Mr. A.'s working-through process, which stabilized his sense of autonomy and which reconstructed his early relationship with his parents. Mr. A. became convinced that it was up to him exactly how, when, and how much to drink. Drinking too much led to consequences that he chose not to endure.

title: Psychoanalysis of a @entity1 with active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism', 'denial of his alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: 1. This study was designed to determine the effects of heat stress exposure on broiler fattening performance, meat quality and microbial counts. 2. Six groups were established: CHP (24  C+210 g/kg crude protein (CP)), SHP (34  C+210 g/kg CP), CLP (24  C+190 g/kg CP), SLP (34  C+190 g/kg CP), SHPVE (34  C+210 g/kg CP+ @entity270 ) and SLPVE (34  C+190 g/kg CP+ @entity270 ) groups. 3. It was determined that the body weights of the male animals included in Group CHP displayed statistically significant differences in comparison to those of Groups SHP, CLP and SLP. Furthermore, it was ascertained that the values of Group CLP also displayed statistically significant differences in comparison to those of Groups CHP, SHP and SLP. The feed consumptions in Groups CHP and CLP were significantly different from those of the remaining groups, excluding Group SHP. The highest feed conversion rate was determined in Group SHPVE. 4. When evaluated for @entity1573 drumstick TBA values, Group CHP differed significantly from Groups SHP, SHPVE, CLP and SLP, whilst Group CLP differed significantly from Groups SHP, SHPVE and SLP. On the other hand, when evaluated for breast meat TBA values, Group CHP displayed statistically significant differences in comparison to Groups SHP, SLP and SLPVE, whilst Group CLP differed significantly from Groups CHP, SHP, SLP and SLPVE. 5. The sensitivity of breast meat to colour susceptibility was greater than that of @entity1573 drumsticks. While storage period affected the TBA values and microbial counts of meat significantly, its effect on colour parameters was found to be variable. Trial groups significantly affected total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts in @entity1573 drumsticks, and Enterobacteriaceae and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts in breast meat. 6. In conclusion, heat stress adversely affected final body weights and the lipid oxidation of meat, whilst @entity270 alleviated these adverse effects.

title: Meat quality of heat stress exposed broilers and effect of protein and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: The mechanism(s) by which @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) increases atrial vulnerability to reentry and maintains its activity for longer durations remains poorly defined. In the present study we used high-resolution activation maps to test the hypothesis that @entity3451 promotes meandering of atrial reentrant wave fronts, resulting in breakup and the generation of new wave fronts that sustain the activity. Reentry was induced in 11 isolated @entity235 right atrial tissues (3.8 x 3.2 cm) by a premature point stimulus (S2) before and after superfusion with @entity3451 (15 x 10(-6) M). Endocardial isochronal activation maps were constructed with the use of 509 bipolar electrodes (1.6-mm spatial resolution), and the dynamics of the activation wave fronts were visualized with animation. A vulnerable period was found during which an S2 current strength > 4.4 +/- 2.5 mA [lower limit of vulnerability (LLV)] and < 26 +/- 13 mA [upper limit of vulnerability (ULV)] induced a single stationary reentrant wave front that lasted 3 +/- 2.5 s with a period of 159 +/- 17 ms (16 episodes). AC shortened the refractory period from 100 +/- 12 to 59 +/- 9 ms (P < 0.001) and increased vulnerability to reentry induction by simultaneous decrease in the LLV (0.7 +/- 0.2 mA, P < 0.001) and an increase in the ULV (82 +/- 24 mA, P < 0.01). @entity3451 accelerated the rate (period of 110 +/- 16 ms, P < 0.001) and converted the stationary reentrant wave front to a nonstationary (meandering) reentrant wave front showing polymorphic electrograms, i.e., " @entity955 -like" activity (22 episodes). Rapid meandering of the reentry tip led to wave front breakup (18 episodes) and the generation of new wave fronts (19 episodes). These wave front dynamics also led to sustained (76 +/- 224 s, P < 0.001) @entity955 -like electrograms. We conclude that @entity3451 increases the ULV and promotes meandering of a single reentrant wave front, leading to breakup and the generation of new wave fronts. Single meandering and complex wave front dynamics cause @entity955 -like activity and sustain the activity for longer duration.

title: Meandering and unstable reentrant wave fronts induced by @entity934 in isolated XXXX right atrium.

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']