abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ageing is a process characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength, and bone mass. We aimed to examine the efficacy of low-dose @entity908 supplementation associated with resistance training on lean mass, strength, and bone mass in the elderly. METHODS: This was a 12-week, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The individuals were randomly allocated into one of the following groups: placebo plus resistance training (PL   +   RT) and @entity908 supplementation plus resistance training (CR   +   RT) . The @entity1 were assessed at baseline and after 12   weeks. The primary outcomes were lean mass and strength, assessed by dual energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry (DXA) and ten-repetition maximal tests (10   RM), respectively. Secondary outcomes included the lumbar spine, right and left femoral neck, both femur and whole body @entity79 ( @entity79 ), and whole body bone mineral content (BMC), assessed by DXA. RESULTS: The CR   +   RT group had superior gains in lean mass when compared with the PL   +   RT group (P   =   0.02). Changes in the 10   RM tests in bench press and leg press exercises, body composition, @entity79 , and BMC of all assessed sites did not significantly differ between the groups (P   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of low-dose @entity908 supplementation associated with resistance training resulted in increases in lean mass in the elderly.

title: Impact of XXXX supplementation in combination with resistance training on lean mass in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: Putative early thymocytes, the Ly-2-L3T4-(CD8- @entity1961 -) cells representing 3 to 4% of adult CBA @entity19 thymic lymphocytes, were isolated in high purity (99.5%). They were then stained by using mAb and analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of six additional surface antigenic markers. Cross-correlation of the data obtained from a complete series of successive two-parameter analyses revealed the existence of about 11 discrete subsets, falling into four-main groups, within the Ly-2-L3T4- population. All subsets consisted of relatively large lymphoid cells. The most numerous group of Ly-2-L3T4- cells was Ly-1 low B2A2-M1/69 high @entity3512 high @entity3844 low and by these markers resembled Ly-2+L3T4+ cortical blasts. Many of the cells in this group were positive for the @entity3783 and/or for MEL-14. A second major group of Ly-2-L3T4- cells was Ly-1 high B2A2-M1/69 low @entity3844 high, and resembled in some respects activated mature T cells. This group had previously been shown to be absent from the embryonic thymus. The group could be divided into @entity3512 high and @entity3512 low subsets. None of the cells in this group were positive for the @entity3783 and very few expressed MEL-14. A third group, 13% of the Ly-2-L3T4- population, was Ly-1 low B2A2-M1/69 low @entity3844 high, and could also be divided into @entity3512 high and @entity3512 low subsets. A final minor group, 9% of the Ly-2-L3T4- population, was Ly-1 high B2A2-M1/69 high @entity3844 low @entity3512 high. The particular pattern of markers on these subsets, combined with subsequent information on their properties, makes it unlikely that they all represent sequential steps in one continuous developmental stream, and indicates that complex developmental steps have occurred, even at this supposedly early stage of T cell differentiation.

title: Subpopulations of early thymocytes. A cross-correlation flow cytometric analysis of adult @entity19 Ly-2-L3T4-(CD8- XXXX -) thymocytes using eight different surface markers.

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: As a part of the study to prevent @entity739 ( @entity739 ) by early treatment, we assessed what kind of @entity302 developed in @entity1 who showed @entity302 in early infancy. EEG examinations were performed on 116 @entity1 born from 1997 to September 2004, both before and after 3 months of corrected age (CA). We divided 45 @entity1 who showed @entity302 in early infancy into two groups according to the existence of @entity5719 ( @entity5719 ) and retrospectively performed the course observation at the survey point on April 1 in 2005. Out of 45 @entity1 showing @entity302 in early infancy, 26 developed @entity739 . Compared with @entity1 without @entity5719 , @entity1 with @entity5719 were more likely to develop @entity739 than @entity1 without @entity5719 . Furthermore, @entity1 with @entity5719 were more likely to develop @entity739 than other types of @entity302 . Namely, 11 out of 17 @entity1 with @entity5719 developed @entity739 at the survey point. All @entity1 with @entity739 showed initial @entity302 before 5 months of corrected age (CA), and most of them (except for five) had initial @entity302 before 3 months of CA. There were two @entity1 who once developed @entity739 on EEG; however, after starting @entity2052 therapy, they did not develop @entity739 with the improvement of EEG findings, and one was presented here in detail. We proposed that preterm @entity1 with @entity5719 who showed @entity302 before 3 months of CA should be treated by antiepileptic drugs to prevent the onset of @entity739 .

title: @entity302 development in infancy with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'hypsarrhythmia', 'WS syndrome', 'West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['PVL', 'periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic discharges', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic discharges']


abstract: The impact of treatment on subsequent fertility and the safety of childbearing are major complicating factors for young @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 . As national data indicate @entity1 are postponing first pregnancy to older ages; therefore, many young @entity1 are seeking clinical guidance regarding the safety of conception and treatment options that may not prevent subsequent pregnancy. Newly developed chemotherapy protocols of brief duration have improved life expectancy enabling some @entity1 to consider childbearing. This study was conducted to compare prognosis among @entity0 @entity1 with and without a subsequent pregnancy. Medical record review of female members of a Northern California prepaid health care plan enabled the identification of 107 @entity1 with one or more subsequent pregnancies and 344 cases without a pregnancy, who were diagnosed between 1968 and 1995. Sets were matched on age, year and stage at diagnosis, months of survival and recurrence status at conception. Among the matched sets, neither risk of recurrence nor @entity204 differed significantly by subsequent pregnancy history during an average 12 years of follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] recurrence: 1.2 [0.8, 2.0]; adjusted HR @entity204 : 1.0 [0.6, 1.9]). @entity1 interested in preserving their fertility and considering pregnancy are a self-selected population; therefore, to reduce potential bias, cases were matched on recurrence status at time of conception. Although the number of cases was limited, subgroup analyzes indicated a small, nonsignificant adverse effect among @entity1 who conceived within 12 months of diagnosis. This analysis of carefully matched cases provides reassurance that long-term prognosis was not adversely affected by subsequent pregnancy.

title: Is pregnancy after XXXX safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Samples of the sweet-tasting species Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (Compositae) (aerial parts), Boscia salicifolia Oliv. (Capparidaceae) (stem bark), Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae) (peduncles) and Inga spectabilis Willd. (Leguminosae) (arils) were acquired as part of a continuing search for high-intensity natural sweeteners of plant origin. Following their preliminary safety evaluation, the sweetness of these plants was traced to large amounts of @entity3363 and @entity8371 by taste-guided fractionation, which were identified and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The combined yields of @entity3363 and polyols in the A. hispidum, B. salicifolia, H. dulcis, and I. spectabilis samples investigated were 6.9, 10.1, 18.4 and 12.1% w/w, respectively. These yields are much higher than the total saccharide and @entity8371 content (2.4% w/w) of the sweet dried fruits of Thladiantha grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey (Cucurbitaceae), a species which has previously been reported to contain more than 1% w/w of the intensely sweet @entity30427 , @entity30428 . The dried leaves of Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'H  rit. (Symplocaceae), which were not appreciably sweet, were found to contain only 2.0% w/w of @entity3363 . The results of this investigation, therefore, suggest that unless the saccharide and/or @entity8371 content of a plant part is well over 5% w/w, then it is unlikely to exhibit an overtly sweet taste, unless an intense sweetener is present.

title: Plant-derived sweetening agents: saccharide and XXXX constituents of some sweet-tasting plants.

entities_list: @entity30427 :: ('CHEBI:35191', 'Chemical') :: ['triterpene']

entities_list: @entity30428 :: ('MESH:C041740', 'Chemical') :: ['mogroside V']

entities_list: @entity8371 :: ('CHEBI:26191', 'Chemical') :: ['polyols', 'polyol']

answer: @entity8371 :: (CHEBI:26191,Chemical) :: ['polyol']


abstract: @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and embryonic development of mature and meiotically arrested porcine oocytes were compared in the present study. After in vitro maturation (IVM) of cumulus-oocyte complexes for 48 h, 75.4% of them extruded a visible polar body (PB). Most of the oocytes with a first polar body (PB+ group) were at the metaphase-II (M-II) stage (91.4%). Most of the oocytes without a visible polar body (PB- group) appeared to be arrested at the germinal vesicle (GV) (41.6%) and metaphase-I (M-I) (34.0%) stages. After @entity52 of oocytes (day of @entity52 =Day 0), there was no difference between PB+ and PB- groups in rates of sperm penetration, mono-spermy, however oocyte activation rate after penetration was greater in the PB+ than in the PB- group (P<0.05). On Day 2, there was no difference between rates of embryos cleaved at the 2-4 cell stages in PB+ and PB- groups (42.1+/-48.8% and 33.6+/-2.1%, respectively). On Day 4, the rate of PB+ embryos developing beyond the 4-cell stage was greater than that of PB- embryos (P<0.05, 31.7+/-3.9% and 14.1+/-1.5%, respectively), and PB+ embryos had more cells than the PB- embryos (P<0.05, 8.3+/-0.4 and 6.0+/-0.8 cells, respectively). On Day 6, a greater proportion of PB+ embryos developed to the blastocyst stage than did PB- embryos (P<0.05, 34.6+/-2.4% and 20.7+/-2.8%, respectively). However, when the GV oocytes of the PB- group were not included in recalculations, there was no difference in blastocyst rates between M-I arrested and M-II oocytes (35.3 and 34.6%, respectively). The number of blastomere nuclei in embryos obtained from the PB+ group (52.0+/-2.5) was greater than that from the PB- group (P<0.05, 29.1+/-2.8). The proportion of degenerated parts in the blastocysts, as determined by morphological appearance, was the same in the PB+ and PB- groups. Although the quality of PB+ embryos was enhanced as compared with that of the PB- group, the proportion of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells in PB+ and PB- blastocysts did not differ (1:1.9 and 1:2.2, respectively). Chromosome analysis revealed that PB+ blastocysts had more diploidy (P<0.05, 69.7%) than did PB- blastocysts (44.0%), whereas PB- blastocysts had more triploid cells (P<0.05, 34.0%) than did PB+ oocytes (8.4%). These results indicate that @entity1707 oocytes arrested before the M-II stage (M-I oocytes) undergo cytoplasmic maturation during maturation culture and have the same ability to develop to blastocysts after @entity52 as M-II oocytes, but some of them resulted in @entity245 with poor embryo quality.

title: Development to the blastocyst stage of immature XXXX oocytes arrested before the metaphase-II stage and fertilized in vitro.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['In vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration or delayed development']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soluble stimuli present in the plasma of @entity1 with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) are capable of directly stimulating intracellular signalling in endothelium. Oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) induces @entity5704 inflammasome activation in macrophages. However, it is not clear how lipid profile affect @entity31714 inflammasome gene expression in endothelial cells. In this study, the effect of @entity165 and TG of plasma of @entity1 with @entity3657 on @entity31714 inflammasome gene expression in @entity1 arterial endothelial cells (HAECS) was assessed. METHODS: We included 113 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity3657 . HAECs were stimulated for 2h using the plasma samples of the study @entity1 . The @entity31714 quantification of the transcription was carried out on the 7500 real-time PCR system using the Taqman   Universal PCR Master Mix and Assays on demand. Relative quantification of the @entity31714 expression was carried out using the     Ct (threshold cycle) comparative method. RESULTS: Plasma from @entity1 with elevated VLDL- @entity165 levels (>33.6mg/dL, the median value of the sample) provoked a higher expression of @entity31714 inflammasome in HAECs (RQ=1.15  0.23 vs. 1.05  0.69; p=0.045), as well as plasma from @entity1 with elevated TGs levels (>168mg/dL, the median value of the sample) (RQ=1.15  0.23 vs. 1.05  0.69; p=0.045). A positive correlation was found between @entity31714 inflammasome expression and VLDL- @entity165 plasma levels (r=0.4; p<0.001) as between @entity31714 inflammasome expression and TG levels (r=0.4; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma TG and VLDL @entity165 of @entity1 with @entity731 , manifested as @entity3657 , promote the in vitro @entity31714 inflammasome expression in HAECs.

title: Elevated levels of triglycerides and vldl- @entity165 provoke activation of XXXX inflammasome in endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity31714 :: (22861,Gene) :: ['nlrp1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We have investigated the categorical prevalence of @entity4089 and examined the relationship between @entity4090 levels and subjective endocrine-related adverse effects in @entity161 @entity1 treated with @entity14867 during a 1-year period. METHODS: A total of 111 @entity1 with @entity161 who were either started on or switched to @entity14867 were assessed for @entity4090 levels and endocrine-related adverse effects using 6 items derived from the Liverpool University neuroleptic side-effect rating scale (LUNSERS) at baseline, 8 weeks, and 1 year. RESULTS: 10 were antipsychotic-na  ve, 23 were antipsychotic free for 1 month, 54 discontinued their medication during 1 month prior to study, and 24 maintained their antipsychotics at baseline. At 1 year, @entity4089 was found in 75.9% of @entity1 and 85.7% of @entity1 . Significant increases in mean @entity4090 levels at week 8 in both sexes were found; this was followed by a significant decrease over 1 year only in @entity1 . The proportions of both sexes with @entity4089 increased from baseline to week 8 but remained unchanged at 1 year. Scores on the endocrine-related items of the LUNSERS improved significantly from baseline to week 8 in both sexes and then remained consistent during maintenance treatment. @entity4090 levels were significantly higher in the group with baseline @entity4089 than in the group without baseline @entity4089 at all assessment points. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14867 commonly induces @entity4089 . Although the percentage of @entity1 with @entity4089 remained unchanged during maintenance treatment, serum @entity4090 levels significantly decreased among @entity1 . Self-reported endocrine-related side effects were not associated with @entity4090 elevation during @entity14867 treatment.

title: Relationship between XXXX levels and subjective endocrine-related adverse effects in @entity1 with @entity161 receiving long-term treatment with @entity14867 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity14867 :: ('MESH:C012052', 'Chemical') :: ['amisulpride', 'Amisulpride']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prevention and treatment of postoperative @entity158 such as @entity1209 are most important concerns in postoperative care. There are several mechanisms involved in @entity282 . @entity2682 is a gamma @entity27859 analogue that is known as an anticonvulsant drug. This drug is tolerated well and has known effects on @entity158 and @entity148 . This study has compared the effect of @entity2682 on @entity282 , operation complications and haemodynamics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This randomized double blinded placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on 61 @entity1 divided randomly into two groups (30 as cases and 31 as controls). All @entity1 had total abdominal hysterectomy. In the first group, the @entity1 got 100 mg @entity2682 in the night and 300 mg @entity2682 orally (one capsule) two hours before surgery. The second group got one capsule of multivitamin orally. Then all @entity1 were subjected to the same anaesthesia protocol and total abdominal hysterectomy. During the 24 hours after operation, the @entity1 were assessed according to @entity158 , @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity551 (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR) and @entity1286 use at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours. RESULTS: Mean age and weight of @entity1 were 45.86 +/- 4.06, 48.16 +/- 4.48, 64.56 +/- 13.29 and 68.8 +/- 12.88 in the study population and control groups, respectively. Except in the first hour after operation (p = 0.02), there was no significant differences between the two groups in @entity1286 use. There was no significant correlation between the groups according to @entity260 and the haemodynamic parameters (PR, SBP and @entity11559 ). CONCLUSION: Results show that @entity2682 can decrease the need for @entity1286 use in the first hour after operation only and has no significant effect on operation complications. Thus, we suggest @entity2682 for @entity158 management, and not to decrease opium use.

title: Effect of @entity2682 on postoperative XXXX : a randomized placebo controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27859 :: ('MESH:D000613', 'Chemical') :: ['aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin', 'Gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness, systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and operation complications']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain and operation complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity2523 ( @entity2523 ) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is reported to be associated with the progression of @entity731 ( @entity731 ). In this study, we explored the potential of @entity1 b-defensin-3 ( @entity6390 ), an antimicrobial peptide with immunomodulatory properties, to alleviate @entity731 progression accelerated by @entity2523 LPS and the mechanism underlying this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with @entity6390 , @entity2523 LPS, or @entity6390 + @entity2523 LPS. The aorta was assessed immunohistologically and mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by quantitative PCR. Macrophages and vascular endothelial cells were stimulated in vitro to investigate the @entity6390 target cells. Inflammatory cytokines in serum and cell culture supernatants were detected using cytometric bead arrays. Signaling pathways were investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS: In @entity2523 LPS-treated @entity19 , @entity6390 significantly reduced serum @entity777 and @entity637 levels and aortic expression of @entity8024 , @entity777 , and @entity8929 (mRNA and protein). The area and severity of @entity731 were also diminished, with less advanced plaque formation, more continuous and distinct elastic lamina, and more normal smooth muscle cells arranged along the tunica media layer. In vitro, @entity6390 decreased @entity637 , IL-1b, @entity777 secretion and downregulated @entity637 , IL-1b, @entity777 , IL-8, VCAM-1, and IL-10 mRNA levels in macrophages. @entity6390 did not influence @entity637 , @entity777 , and IL-8 levels in HUVECs culture supernatants. Furthermore, @entity6390 suppressed @entity2523 LPS-induced activation of the NF-kB, p38 and JNK pathways. CONCLUSION: @entity6390 alleviates @entity731 progression accelerated by @entity2523 LPS in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 by downregulating the cytokine expression in macrophages via the MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways.

title: XXXX b-defensin-3 alleviates the progression of @entity731 accelerated by @entity2523 lipopolysaccharide.

entities_list: @entity6970 :: ('11816(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'Apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'AS', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P.gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity146 is an important indicator of compromised welfare. Zoo elephants are documented to perform stereotypic behavior, but the factors that contribute to performance have not been systematically assessed. We collected behavioral data on 89 elephants (47 African [ @entity16870 ], 42 Asian [ @entity7105 ]) at 39 North American zoos during the summer and winter. Elephants were videoed for a median of 12 daytime hours per season. A subset of 32 elephants (19 African, 13 Asian) was also observed live for a median of 10.5 nighttime hours. Percentages of visible behavior scans were calculated from five minute instantaneous samples. @entity146 was the second most commonly performed behavior (after feeding), making up 15.5% of observations during the daytime and 24.8% at nighttime. Negative binomial regression models fitted with generalized estimating equations were used to determine which social, housing, management, life history, and demographic variables were associated with daytime and nighttime stereotypic behavior rates. Species was a significant risk factor in both models, with @entity7105 at greater risk (daytime: p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 4.087; nighttime: p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 8.015). For both species, spending time housed separately (p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 1.009), and having experienced inter-zoo transfers (p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 1.175), increased the risk of performing higher rates of stereotypy during the day, while spending more time with juvenile elephants (p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 0.985), and engaging with zoo staff reduced this risk (p = 0.018, Risk Ratio = 0.988). At night, spending more time in environments with both indoor and outdoor areas (p = 0.013, Risk Ratio = 0.987) and in larger social groups (p = 0.039, Risk Ratio = 0.752) corresponded with reduced risk of performing higher rates of stereotypy, while having experienced inter-zoo transfers (p = 0.033, Risk Ratio = 1.115) increased this risk. Overall, our results indicate that factors related to the social environment are most influential in predicting @entity16871 stereotypic behavior rates.

title: The Days and Nights of Zoo Elephants: Using Epidemiology to Better Understand Stereotypic Behavior of African Elephants ( @entity16870 ) and @entity7105 ( XXXX ) in North American Zoos.

entities_list: @entity16870 :: ('9785', 'Species') :: ['Loxodonta africana']

entities_list: @entity7105 :: ('9783', 'Species') :: ['Elephas maximus', 'Asian elephants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Stereotypic behavior']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['Elephas maximus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3152 is associated with excessive maternal @entity556 generation, as evidenced by increased circulating @entity556 -antithrombin (TAT) III complexes concentration. In addition to its hemostatic functions, @entity556 has uterotonic properties that may participate in the mechanism leading to preterm birth in cases of intrauterine @entity548 . @entity556 also has a proinflammatory role, and @entity32 is associated with increased @entity556 generation. The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity32 ( @entity32 ) is associated with increased @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) @entity556 generation in @entity1 with preterm and term deliveries. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study included the following groups: (1) mid-trimester (n = 74); (2) term not in labor (n = 39); (3) term in labor (n = 25); (4) term in labor with @entity32 (n = 22); (5) spontaneous @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ) who delivered at term (n = 62); (6) @entity3152 without @entity32 who delivered preterm (n = 59); (7) @entity3152 with @entity32 (n = 71). The @entity6703 TAT III complexes concentration was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS: (1) TAT III complexes were identified in all @entity6703 samples; (2) @entity1 with @entity3152 who delivered preterm, with and without @entity32 , had a higher median @entity6703 TAT III complexes concentration than those with an episode of @entity3152 who delivered at term (p < 0.001, p = 0.03, respectively); (3) among @entity1 with @entity3152 without @entity32 , elevated @entity6703 TAT III complexes concentration were independently associated with a shorter amniocentesis-to-delivery interval (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.07-2.1); (4) among @entity1 at term, those with @entity32 had a higher median @entity6703 TAT III complexes concentration than those without @entity32 , whether in labor or not in labor (p = 0.02); (5) there was no significant difference between the median @entity6703 TAT III complexes concentration of @entity1 at term with and without labor; (6) @entity1 who had a mid-trimester amniocentesis had a lower median @entity6703 TAT III complexes concentration than that of @entity1 at term not in labor (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We present herein a distinct difference in the pattern of intra-amniotic @entity556 generation between term and preterm parturition. @entity3152 leading to @entity3152 is associated with an increased intra-amniotic @entity556 generation regardless of the presence of @entity32 . In contrast, term delivery is associated with an increased intra-amniotic @entity556 generation only in @entity1 with @entity32 .

title: Changes in @entity6703 concentration of @entity556 -antithrombin III complexes in @entity1 with XXXX : evidence of an increased @entity556 generation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'IAI', 'intra-amniotic infection/inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['PTL', 'preterm delivery', 'preterm labor', 'Preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: Fourteen cases of primary @entity706 of the breast were found in the pathology files of the M. D. Anderson Hospital and @entity5 Institute from 1944 to 1975. The @entity706 represented only 0.12% of 11,277 primary malignant @entity0 seen during the same period. There were no definite clinical features to distinguish the @entity1 with @entity706 from those with @entity0 . All of the @entity706 had a diffuse pattern. Eight cases were classified as @entity1893 , five as histiocytic, and one as poorly differentiated lymphocytic, convoluted cell type. Four @entity1 had mastectomies and the remainder biopsies as their sole surgical procedure. Eight @entity1 received post-surgical radiotherapy and all eventually had chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate for the 13 @entity1 with follow-up was 49%. @entity1 with @entity4812 appeared to have a more favorable prognosis than those with the undifferentiated type. Six of the latter @entity1 are dead with a median survival of seven months, comparable to the reported survival of @entity1 with American @entity2109 . The @entity1 with the convoluted cell type has developed @entity3052 and is currently under therapy.

title: Primary XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute blastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphomas']


abstract: A retrospective study was conducted on 126 @entity1 with @entity980 enrolled in the Japanese @entity5 Registry between 1971 and 1980. The age of the @entity1 ranged from less than 1 year to 15 years, and the male to female ratio was 1.3:1.0. Primary sites included the pelvis (37.3 per cent), abdomen (23.8 per cent), head and neck (21.4 per cent), thorax (9.5 per cent), extremities (6.4 per cent) and unknown (1.6 per cent). According to the staging system of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons, the extent of disease was classified into stages Ia (26.2 per cent of the total); Ib (14.6 per cent); II (12.6 per cent), III (29.1 per cent) and IV (17.5 per cent). The clinical stage was significantly correlated with survival outcome in this series (p less than 0.05). Age, sex, histology and primary site per se had no independent prognostic influence on @entity5 -free survival. With regard to treatment modalities, surgery was performed in 94.0 per cent of the @entity1 , and radiotherapy at a mean dose of 37 Gy, and/or multi-agent chemotherapy in 41.7 per cent and 80.0 per cent, respectively. The @entity1 who underwent total excision had a better survival outcome than those who did not (p less than 0.05). Combination chemotherapy such as VAC was more commonly administered in the latter study period. The overall 2-year @entity5 -free survival rate (2YTFSR) significantly improved from 24.0 per cent in the former period between 1971 and 1975 to 48.7 per cent in the latter period between 1976 and 1980 (p less than 0.05).

title: The clinical features and prognosis of @entity980 : follow-up studies on @entity5 from the Japanese XXXX Registry 1971-1980. Part II. Committee of @entity5 , Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric Tumor', 'tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of relapsed or refractory aggressive @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) after front-line therapy remains poor. The development of more effective and less toxic salvage regimens remains a major challenge. @entity136 is effective in treating @entity706 and, when combined with @entity900 , is effective for some solid @entity5 . This study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity3006 regimen ( @entity136 , @entity619 , and @entity900 ) on relapsed or @entity1893 , and observe the adverse events. METHODS: @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1893 , measurable disease, and had received previously at least one chemotherapy regimen were enrolled and treated with @entity3006 regimen ( @entity136 1000 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8, @entity619 20-40 mg on Days 1-3, and @entity900 25 mg/m2 on Days 1-3) every 3 weeks. The efficacy and adverse events were evaluated according to the WHO criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 had received a total of 76 chemotherapy cycles, and were assessable for efficacy and adverse events. Five (20.8%) @entity1 had complete response, 9 had partial response, 8 had stable disease, and 2 had progressive disease. The overall response rate (RR) was 58.3% for assessable @entity1 ; it was 57.1% for B-cell @entity1893 @entity1 and 60.0% for T-cell @entity1893 @entity1 (P=0.889). The median follow-up was 1.2 years. The 1-year overall survival rate was 41.7%; it was 42.9% in B-cell @entity1893 @entity1 and 40.0% in T-cell @entity1893 @entity1 (P=0.986). The occurrence rate was 37.5% for grade III/IV @entity1210 , 25.0% for @entity882 , and 16.7% for @entity417 in all @entity1 . @entity1503 were mild. There was no treatment-related @entity204 . Two @entity1 proceeded to stem cell transplantation after salvage chemotherapy and obtained sufficient stem cells. CONCLUSION: @entity3006 regimen is an effective and relatively nontoxic salvage chemotherapy regimen for relapsed or @entity1893 .

title: [Efficacy of @entity3006 regimen ( @entity136 , XXXX , and @entity900 ) on relapsed or refractory aggressive @entity1893 : a report of 24 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'refractory aggressive NHL', 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the relation between plasma @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) levels and right ventricular function evaluated by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in @entity1 after repair of @entity215 ( @entity215 ). METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with a mean age of 14.1 +/- 4.4 years who underwent repair of @entity215 at a mean age of 4.9 +/- 5.1 years enrolled in this study. The control group consisted of 29 healthy @entity1 at a mean age of 13.1 +/- 2.8 years. The right ventricle and @entity338 ( @entity338 ) were assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler. Blood samples for @entity3876 levels were taken and TDI was performed at rest. RESULTS: Plasma @entity3876 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 than in controls (28.3 +/- 24.1 vs. 7.4 +/- 2.3 pg/mL, P = 0.0001). The myocardial performance index (MPI) (1.08 +/- 0.35 vs. 0.58 +/- 0.11, P = 0.0001) was higher and @entity11139 ( @entity11139 ) (3.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 5.4 +/- 1.0 m/s(2), P = 0.0001) was lower in @entity1 . The correlations were also significant between the degree of @entity338 and MPI (r = 0.7, P = 0.0001) and also @entity11139 (r =-0.7, P = 0.0001). The correlations were also significant between the @entity3876 level and MPI (r = 0.6, P = 0.0001), @entity11139 (r =-0.4, P = 0.002) and the degree of @entity338 (r = 0.6, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: As a result, plasma @entity3876 level increases in @entity1 with @entity215 and both MPI and @entity11139 from the right ventricular basal segments might be used to assess the right ventricular function.

title: Evaluation of right ventricular function by using tissue Doppler imaging in XXXX after repair of @entity215 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11139 :: ('MESH:D015465', 'Disease') :: ['isovolumic acceleration', 'IVA']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot', 'ToF']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation', 'PR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Fuhrman grade represents a key determinant of the natural history of small renal masses that represent @entity1358 . We tested whether renal mass biopsy prediction of Fuhrman grade in the nephrectomy specimen could be safely substituted for by an accurate statistical model. To date the best available model has shown poor accuracy (55.6%), which is close to flipping a coin (50%) and clearly inadequate for use in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 1,139 @entity1 with @entity1358 treated with partial or radical nephrectomy at 11 participating institutions from 1989 to 2004. This cohort was used in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models predicting high Fuhrman grade (III-IV) at nephrectomy. Predictors included age at diagnosis, gender, @entity5 size and symptom classification. Multivariate logistic regression coefficients were used to generate a nomogram. RESULTS: The rate of Fuhrman grade III-IV in @entity1 with @entity1358 was 12.3%. Stratifying @entity1 with Fuhrman grade III-IV by age, gender, histological subtypes and sample size failed to reveal statistically significant differences. On univariate analysis predicting Fuhrman grade III-IV at nephrectomy only @entity5 size was a statistically significant predictor (p = 0.05). The most accurate multivariate nomogram for Fuhrman grade III-IV prediction was 58.3% (95% CI 57.8-58.9) accurate. Of all tested predictors only @entity5 size achieved independent predictor status (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis derived in European @entity1 shows that statistical models cannot safely replace renal mass biopsy based prediction of Fuhrman grade III-IV at nephrectomy. Our findings corroborate a report from the United States in which a similar model had 55.6% accuracy. Jointly the studies indicate that statistical models are unreliable and cannot safely be substituted for renal mass biopsy in North American or European @entity1 .

title: Can renal mass biopsy assessment of XXXX grade be safely substituted for by a predictive model?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'T1aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity620 ( @entity9050 ) has important antioxidant functions that can help protect against oxidative stress in the brain and damage associated with @entity179 such as @entity195 . When administered parenterally @entity9050 can bypass saturable uptake mechanisms in the gut and thus higher tissue concentrations can be achieved than by oral administration. In the present study we show that @entity9050 (125 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1-h before testing, partially attenuated @entity5591 -induced (1 mg/kg i.p.) @entity73 in Morris water maze performance in young @entity19 . Cumulative search error, but not escape latency nor path length, was significantly improved during acquisition in @entity9050 plus @entity5591 -treated @entity19 although performance did not equal that of control @entity19 . During the probe trial, @entity5591 led to @entity101 and chance level of time spent in the platform quadrant, whereas @entity19 pre-treated with @entity9050 prior to @entity5591 did not differ from control @entity19 on these measures. @entity9050 had no effect on unimpaired, control @entity19 and neither did it reduce the peripheral, activity-increasing effects of @entity5591 . @entity9050 alone increased @entity4360 activity in the medial forebrain area but had no effect in cortex or striatum. This change, and its action against the amnestic effects of the muscarinic antagonist @entity5591 , suggest that @entity9050 may be acting in part via altered cholinergic signaling. However, further investigation is necessary to isolate the cognition-enhancing effects of @entity9050 .

title: XXXX attenuates @entity5591 -induced spatial learning deficits in the water maze.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased search error']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity4360 :: ('11423(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate', 'Ascorbate']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['Ascorbic acid']


abstract: We studied the efficiency and practicability of a new protocol for surveillance of @entity580 in 99 @entity1 admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) between October 1985 and March 1986. The protocol contained the therapy given before admission to the ICU and daily records of: (1) therapy suspected to increase the risk of @entity580 (ventilatory support, operations, hemofiltration, central venous and arterial catheters, Swan-Ganz catheters, etc.); (2) parameters possibly associated with @entity2348 (white blood cell count, body temperature, platelet count, @entity1011 clearance, hemodynamic values, clinical suspicion of @entity281 , suspected site of @entity281 , pathological chest X-ray, etc); and (3) bacteriologic data (results of cultures from blood, tracheal aspirate, urine, wound secretions) and antibiotic treatment. @entity295 was diagnosed in 28 @entity1 , and 28 had positive blood cultures; these two groups were not identical. Twenty-nine @entity1 died, more than half of them having a serious @entity580 . Factors associated with @entity580 were: @entity221 greater than 38.5 degrees C, recurrent @entity221 , leucocytosis, @entity1210 , @entity882 ; duration of stay at the ICU; ventilatory support, operations, mass transfusions, and therapy with @entity2661 . Use of a Swan-Ganz catheter and hemofiltration were associated with @entity580 , but they were usually begun after the clinical onset of @entity295 . Therapy administered before admission to the ICU was not associated with @entity580 . Bacterial colonization of tracheal aspirate was detected in 2/3 of the ventilated @entity1 . The most common bacteria isolated were staphylococci in blood cultures. Pseudomonas sp. and @entity5132 in tracheal secretions, and @entity5132 in urine cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Application of an XXXX control protocol at an anesthesiology intensive care unit].

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After the initial RECIST 1.0 were published in 2000, the criteria were widely implemented in the scientific oncology community. Since then, the RECIST working group has identified several issues to examine further. Two key issues that required careful, data-based assessment were the maximum number of lesions that should be assessed at each evaluation and the added value of requiring confirmation of response. METHODS: To address these questions, data were obtained from 16 clinical trials in @entity5 , with @entity1 enrolled between 1993 and 2005. A total of 6512 @entity1 were included in the primary analysis dataset, accounting for over 18,000 @entity75 . Nine percent of the included @entity1 (n=585) had six or more reported @entity75 . The response and progression outcomes in the database were calculated using an adjusted RECIST methodology with a maximum of 5 (or 3) @entity75 with/without confirmation and this was compared to the original RECIST version 1.0 which required up to 10 @entity75 plus confirmation of response. RESULTS: Assessment of 5 lesions per @entity1 led to a difference in best overall response assignment for an estimated 209 (3.2%) @entity1 as compared to RECIST version 1.0. However, these changes did not affect the overall response rate. Progression-free survival was only minimally affected by measuring fewer lesions. In contrast, removing the requirement for response confirmation led to a significant increase in the numbers of @entity1 classified as responders, resulting in a relative increase of approximately 19% in response rate. An algorithm using a maximum of three @entity75 shows high concordance with the 10 lesions requirement in terms of response and TTP assignment. Concern that appropriate assessment of disease within an organ requires two lesions to be followed per organ suggests the approach of following two @entity75 per organ, up to a maximum of five @entity75 overall. Both strategies seem reasonable based on the data warehouse. The requirement of response confirmation in trials where this is a primary end-point is recommended to be maintained as its removal would substantially increase reported response rates.

title: Individual XXXX data analysis to assess modifications to the RECIST criteria.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesions', 'potential target lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Objectives. The purpose of the present study is to verify if the degree of immunological response against @entity3 , measured by the number of @entity4755 (+) NK-cells in the tissue of a brain @entity3 , influences the later development of new brain metastases or @entity5 recurrence. @entity1 and Methods. @entity4755 (+) NK-cells were immunohistochemically identified in the resected @entity5 , in a series of twenty @entity1 operated on by a single brain @entity3 @entity2220 . In each case, the degree of @entity4755 (+) NK-cells infiltration within the @entity5 tissue and the period free of new @entity1504 after brain surgery were recorded. Results. All the studied @entity5 showed variable number of @entity4755 (+) NK-cells (mean    standard deviation: 8.4    4.8 per microscopical field, at 200x). The period free of @entity1504 ranged between 10 and 52 weeks (mean    standard deviation: 22.7    11.9). Statistical analysis showed that there was no correlation between the degree of NK-cells infiltration within the resected @entity5 and the period free of @entity1504 after surgery (P > 0.05). Conclusion. This finding supports that clinical behavior in metastatic @entity75 is not influenced by the immunological response mediated by @entity4755 (+) NK-cells.

title: Clinical Behavior in Metastatic XXXX Is Not Influenced by the Immunological Defense Mediated by @entity4755 NK-Cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Brain Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: End-tidal @entity544 (ETCO(2)) monitoring has a variety of clinical applications in critically ill pediatric @entity1 . This study was designed to explore the current availability and utilization patterns for continuous ETCO(2) monitoring in pediatric intensive care units. METHODS: A Web-based survey was distributed to directors of all accredited pediatric critical care fellowship programs in the United States. RESULTS: Sixty-six percent of directors completed this survey. One hundred percent of directors had access to ETCO(2) monitoring for intubated @entity1 and 57% for nonintubated @entity1 . Eighty-three percent of respondents used ETCO(2) monitoring "always" or "often" for endotracheal tube confirmation. Fifty percent of respondents used ETCO(2) monitoring "always" or "often" for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 38% for moderate sedation, and 5% for acid-base disturbances. All respondents who used ETCO(2) monitoring felt that it was easy to use. The most common reason for not using ETCO(2) monitoring was lack of availability (75%). CONCLUSIONS: End-tidal @entity544 monitoring is widely available and used for intubated @entity1 . However, it could be applied more frequently in other clinical situations in pediatric intensive care units.

title: Continuous end-tidal XXXX monitoring in pediatric intensive care units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nonvestibular cranial nerve @entity808 (NVCNS) are relatively rare @entity5 . We evaluated our experience with radiosurgical and microsurgical treatment alone and in combination for the management of NVCNS. METHODS: The charts of 62 @entity1 with NVCNS who were treated between 1993 and 2005 at our institution were reviewed. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity8605 were excluded. The @entity1 underwent microsurgery and/or radiosurgery treatment. RESULTS: Trigeminal and jugular foramen @entity808 were the most common @entity3539 (n = 47), and the only two groups with sufficient numbers of @entity1 to allow comparison of the three treatment approaches. In these two groups, the mean @entity5 volume was significantly higher in those who received combined therapy (8.59 +/- 2.29 cc), compared with radiosurgery (4.94 +/- 3.02 cc; p = 0.05) or microsurgery alone (5.38 +/- 3.23; p = 0.027). @entity1 who underwent radiosurgery alone were significantly older (67.7 +/- 13.3 years; p = 0.019) than those treated with microsurgery (55.3 +/- 13.7 years) or with both modalities (48.7 +/- 12.8 years). The Karnofsky Performance Scale scores were significantly higher (p < or = 0.05) at follow-up compared with baseline for all three treatment approaches. There was no significant change in the Glasgow Outcome scores before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgery and radiosurgery can both be used to manage @entity3539 with excellent results. When treatment with either modality alone is not reasonable, @entity5 can be managed effectively with combined micro- and radiosurgery treatment.

title: XXXX : an evaluation of functional outcome after radiosurgical and microsurgical management.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity8605 :: ('MESH:D016518', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis type 2']

entities_list: @entity3539 :: ('MESH:D003390', 'Disease') :: ['NVCNS tumors']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Nonvestibular schwannomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) in the treatment of @entity3179 secondary to @entity1211 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four of 139 @entity1 referred for EVLT from January 2004 to August 2007 had nonhealing @entity3179 . Preprocedural duplex ultrasound (US) was performed to document saphenous @entity1211 secondary to saphenofemoral/saphenopopliteal junction incompetence, @entity4096 , and @entity1150 . Follow-up intervals were within 1 week, monthly until @entity1066 , and every 6 months thereafter. Mean follow-up period was 35.8 months (range, 8.1-59.3 months). RESULTS: Mean great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter and length treated were 9.9 mm (range, 5.5-16.0 mm) and 36.7 cm (range, 20.0-60.0 cm). Mean laser energy used was 3,292 J (range, 1,392-4,971 J). Mean energy deposited per centimeter of vein was 93.6 J/cm (range, 45.2-182.0 J/cm). Mean laser time was 232 seconds (range, 99-347 sec). Fifteen @entity1 with follow-up duplex US had no GSV flow at 6 months, with nonvisualization indicating complete obliteration. @entity1066 occurred as early as 1 week after the procedure in some @entity1 . Cumulative healing rates at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 82.1%, 92.5%, 92.5%, and 97.4%, respectively. No @entity1066 had recurred at 1 year, but @entity1066 recurred in five @entity1 at 14, 14, 23, 35, and 52 months after EVLT, respectively. One @entity1 with a nonhealing @entity1066 2 years after treatment developed well differentiated @entity957 . CONCLUSIONS: Ulcer epithelization occurred with continued GSV occlusion and loss of flow. Most @entity1066 healed within 3 months with no recurrence at 1 year. Nonhealing @entity1066 should undergo biopsy to exclude @entity5 .

title: Endovenous laser therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers', 'Ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers', 'lower-limb venous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['lower-limb venous ulcers']


abstract: Endocannabinoids exert their biological effects via interaction with G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptors @entity6510 and @entity12332 . Polymorphisms in the @entity6510 gene (encoding @entity6510 receptor) were previously found to be associated with @entity2299 and @entity65 . We investigated a role of the polymorphism in @entity6510 gene in type 2 @entity6 and its complications. The study involved 667 T2DM @entity1 and 450 healthy individuals. All subjects were genotyped for @entity34405 polymorphism by PCR-RFLP procedure. Genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between @entity1 and controls. The statistically significant differences were seen between T2DM @entity1 with @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) and those without it (OR for risk allele 2.84, 95% CI 2.04-3.94, p<0.0001). There were also differences between @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and those without @entity6 (OR for risk allele 1.81, 95% CI 1.30-2.53, p=0.0005). No differences were observed in @entity3949 . The A allele was more frequent in @entity1 with coexisting @entity65 ( @entity65 ) compared to @entity1 without @entity65 (p=0.0044). The novel finding of our study is the association of the @entity34405 polymorphism with @entity2316 and @entity6 in @entity1 with T2DM. This polymorphism was also associated with @entity65 in the @entity1 group.

title: Common polymorphism in the cannabinoid type 1 receptor gene ( @entity6510 ) is associated with microvascular complications in type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'DR', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and adolescents with @entity913 sometimes complain of severe and persistent @entity10 that are diagnosed as @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ). METHODS: We investigated 24 @entity1 with @entity2794 and @entity913 , and 26 @entity1 with @entity2794 but without @entity913 . RESULTS: Of 24 @entity1 with @entity2794 and @entity913 , 4% had @entity2704 ( @entity2704 ), 46% had chronic @entity2701 (CTTH) and 50% had both CTTH and @entity2704 . However, of 26 @entity1 with @entity2794 but without @entity913 , 61% had @entity2704 , 24% had CTTH, 11% had CTTH and @entity2704 , and 4% had new daily-persistent @entity10 . There was a significantly higher rate of CTTH and both CTTH and @entity2704 in @entity1 with @entity2794 and @entity913 than that in @entity1 with @entity2794 but without @entity913 (P < 0.0001). All of the 24 @entity1 with @entity2794 and @entity913 were found to have @entity146 . Of 24 @entity1 , 71% were found to have @entity2166 , 21% were found to have @entity148 , and 8% were found to have @entity13299 . Of 26 @entity1 with @entity2794 but without @entity913 , only 20% were found to have @entity146 . There was a significantly higher rate of @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity2794 and @entity913 than in @entity1 with @entity2794 but without @entity913 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that @entity1 with @entity2794 and @entity913 had problems in school and/or family and @entity146 . They should be diagnosed and treated attentively not only for @entity10 but also for their psychosocial problems and @entity146 .

title: Pediatric XXXX associated with @entity913 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['school phobia']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'CM', 'chronic migraine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustment disorders']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['CDH', 'chronic daily headache']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['conversion disorder']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['chronic daily headache']


abstract: The aim of any screening or surveillance program must be to identify early lesions to enable treatment and prevention before the development of @entity3 . A surveillance program must be acceptable to @entity1 and practically possible to implement. There is a move away from using random colonic biopsies towards targeted biopsies aimed at abnormal areas identified by newer colonoscopic techniques (narrow band imaging, chromoendoscopy, confocal microendoscopy). However, the attitude towards a @entity1 with a @entity75 is not well established. @entity5 screening in the general population relies on identification of @entity1412 which can be resected before they transform into @entity189 . The therapeutic approach to such lesions, the @entity1 groups at risk and the intervals of surveillance are reasonably established. In contrast, @entity29 ( @entity29 )- @entity14 ( @entity14 ) poses different challenges: @entity75 do not follow the @entity2513 sequence, they can be difficult to see (flat lesions), difficult to resect completely, and multifocal. Prophylactic proctocolectomy eliminates the risk of @entity14 , but this strategy is not acceptable to most @entity1 or physicians. Moreover, @entity29 @entity1 can harbor @entity75 related to the sporadic @entity14 pathway, the clinical significance of which differs clearly from colitis-associated @entity75 . Nowadays, therapeutic recommendations for the management of @entity1141 in @entity29 are based on macroscopic pattern and microscopic characteristics. As an example, consensus guidelines state that @entity652 -like lesions can be adequately treated by polypectomy unlike non- @entity652 -like raised lesions or flat high-grade @entity1141 that should undergo colectomy. The present article is aimed to summarize the existing evidence on this thorny matter.

title: Overcoming challenges in XXXX management: management of colonic dysplastic lesions.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesion', 'dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Bowel cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['IBD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report a rare case of 10-month-old female who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for @entity2876 with @entity6315 (PV) and its severe @entity850 owing to the previous Kasai portoenterostomy. Because we successfully performed "left at right liver transplantation (LAR-LT) and graft rerotation" in this case, we are present tips and pitfalls for this operation. METHODS: Preoperative computed tomography scan showed that her preduodenal PV was stenotic from the confluence of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein to hepatic hilum, which made us consider the necessity of  >= 3  cm interposition vein graft to complete a safe PV @entity254 . To reduce a gap between donor and recipient's PV, we decided to put a left lateral section graft at the right subphrenic space called left-at-right liver transplantation. Thus, LDLT was performed with an identical lateral sectional graft from her father. After total hepatectomy, we implanted a graft in her right subphrenic space, and anastomosed the donor left hepatic vein to her inferior vena cava. Then, we anastomosed an interposition graft harvested from her left internal carotid vein to her PV. RESULTS: Even after reflowing PV flow, because the duodenum compressed the interposition vein graft, PV flows were totally insufficient. Therefore, we flipped a liver graft 180   from right to left upper abdominal cavity, which could reduce the gap between PVs and acceptable PV flow was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: In the present case, LAR-LT could reduce the distance of PVs. In addition, our rerotation method could be useful to alleviate tension on the PV @entity254 caused by preduodenal PV.

title: Living Donor Liver Transplantation for XXXX With Severe Preduodenal Portal Vein Stricture: Success and Pitfall of Portal Vein Reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['preduodenal portal vein']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic biliary atresia']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['Biliary Atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the magnitude of the force used to induce incisor tooth movement promotes distinct activation in cells in the central amygdala (CEA) and @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) of @entity35 . Also, the effect of @entity1286 on @entity5019 immunoreactivity ( @entity5019 -IR) was investigated in these nuclei. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male @entity35 were anesthetized and divided into six groups: only anesthetized (control), without orthodontic appliance (OA), OA but without force, OA activated with 30g or 70g, OA with 70g in animals pretreated with @entity1286 (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Three hours after the onset of the experiment the @entity35 were reanesthetized and perfused with 4% @entity1604 . The brains were removed and fixed, and sections containing CEA and @entity2339 were processed for @entity5019 protein immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The results show that in the control group, the intramuscular injection of a @entity3652 / @entity4763 mixture did not induce @entity5019 -IR cells in the CEA or in the @entity2339 . Again, the without force group showed a little @entity5019 -IR. However, in the 70g group the @entity5019 -IR was the biggest observed (P < .05, Tukey) in the CEA and @entity2339 compared with the other groups. In the 30g group, the @entity5019 -IR did not differ from the control group, the without OA group, and the without force group. Furthermore, pretreatment with @entity1286 in the 70g group reduced @entity5019 -IR in these regions. CONCLUSIONS: Tooth movement promotes @entity5019 -IR in the CEA and @entity2339 according to the magnitude of the force applied.

title: Tooth movement activates the central amygdala and the XXXX by the magnitude of the force applied.

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['LH', 'lateral hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['lateral hypothalamus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy has been demonstrated in seasonal pollen allergy, there is no report of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial with standardized pollen extract in seasonal @entity1576 from India. In the agricultural area of eastern India, Phoenix sylvestris Roxb or date sugar palm is grown or cultivated and @entity2023 is common during the pollen season. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to observe the clinical and immunological changes during a 2-year double-blind placebo-controlled trial of immunotherapy with standardized P sylvestris pollen extract in respiratory @entity1 sensitive to pollen from this wild @entity2484 . Thirty-five subjects with typical @entity2023 with or without @entity565 were selected. A symptom-medication score (based on a questionnaire and diary) was correlated with pollen counts as recorded in a Burkard sampler. Eighteen subjects were randomized to a @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) group receiving regular injections containing standardized allergen extract and 17 to a placebo control group. Changes in the level of specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgG1, and IgG4 were recorded at 3-month intervals. Measurement of wheal diameter, total IgE level and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were performed before starting and a month after finishing therapy. RESULTS: The @entity6542 group showed decreases of 33.5% and 57% from the baseline symptom-medication scores during the first and second treatment season, respectively. This group showed significant decreases in skin-reactivity to P sylvestris pollen extract and in specific IgE levels, and significant increases in FEV,, specific IgGI (1.95-3.2 times higher) and IgG4 (21.24-30.83 times higher). There were no significant changes in total IgE levels. The control group showed no significant changes for any parameter except the development of new sensitization in 2 cases (to Saccharum officinarum pollen grain and Alternaria species spores). The rate of local adverse reactions was 0.024%. CONCLUSION: After a 2-year study, allergen immunotherapy with standardized P sylvestris pollen extract was found to be effective in seasonal respiratory allergic subjects susceptible to P sylvestris pollen with a narrow range of sensitization.

title: Phoenix sylvestris Roxb pollen allergy: a 2-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up study of immunotherapy in XXXX with seasonal allergy in an agricultural area of West Bengal, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1641 beta-lactoglobulin forms a compact intermediate at an acidic pH (A state). It also forms an expanded and helical conformation at low temperatures (C state). The structure of a single disulfide mutant @entity30710 / @entity30711 is similar to the A state in the presence of salts, while it is similar to the C state at low anion concentrations. We have investigated the temperature-dependent change in the secondary structure using circular dichroism and @entity1521 scanning mutagenesis. At low anion concentrations, the helical content increased linearly as temperature decreased. In the presence of salts, the A state was cooperatively transformed into the C state at low temperatures. This suggests the importance of hydrophobic interactions for stabilizing the A state. Peptides encompassing native-like and non-native alpha-helices were synthesized to investigate the interactions responsible for helix formation in the A and C states. These did not form stable helices, indicating that not only the helices in the A state but also the helices in the C state are stabilized by long-range interactions. A longer fragment, CHIBL, which encompasses the structured region in the A and C states, showed a helical structure. @entity1521 -substituted mutants of CHIBL showed CD spectral changes similar to the corresponding mutants of the full-length protein in the C state. Therefore, CHIBL has a structure similar to the corresponding region of the full-length protein in the C state. This result indicates that interactions responsible for helix formation in the C state reside in the sequence of CHIBL, and that the sequences outside CHIBL are essential for secondary structure formation in the A state.

title: Interactions responsible for secondary structure formation during folding of XXXX beta-lactoglobulin.

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline', 'Proline']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: In the budding @entity375 @entity375 , the @entity18709 effector Ste20 plays a crucial role in the regulation of filamentous growth, a response to nutrient limitation. Using the split-ubiquitin technique, we found that Ste20 forms a complex with @entity28825 , an important regulatory subunit of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase). This protein-protein interaction was confirmed by a pulldown assay and coimmunoprecipitation. We also demonstrate that Ste20 associates with vacuolar membranes and that Ste20 stimulates V-ATPase activity in isolated vacuolar membranes. This activation requires Ste20 kinase activity and does not depend on increased assembly of the V1 and V0 sectors of the V-ATPase, which is a major regulatory mechanism. Furthermore, loss of V-ATPase activity leads to a strong increase in @entity851 , possibly because these cells fail to store and mobilize nutrients efficiently in the vacuole in the absence of the vacuolar proton gradient. In contrast to the wild type, which grows in rather small, isolated colonies on solid medium during filamentation, hyperinvasive vma mutants form much bigger aggregates in which a large number of cells are tightly clustered together. Genetic data suggest that Ste20 and the protein kinase A catalytic subunit Tpk2 are both activated in the @entity28825   strain. We propose that during filamentous growth, Ste20 stimulates V-ATPase activity. This would sustain nutrient mobilization from vacuolar stores, which is beneficial for filamentous growth.

title: Regulation of vacuolar H+-ATPase activity by the @entity18709 effector Ste20 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['invasive growth']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent case studies have demonstrated the feasibility of @entity302 ( @entity302 ). Few comparative studies for @entity302 and multiport laparoscopic colectomy (MLC) have been conducted. The aim of this case-controlled study was to compare the short-term surgical outcomes between @entity302 and MLC for right-sided colectomies. METHODS: Between January 2010 and February 2012, data from the first 50 consecutive @entity1 that underwent right SILS at one of the two institutions were compared with a group of 50 consecutive @entity1 that underwent right MLC in the same period. RESULTS: Median operative time was significantly shorter in @entity302 (97 vs. 112 min; p < 0.001). Between both groups, no statistically significant differences were found regarding number and nature of short-term complications, number of reoperations [4 (8%) vs. 6 (12%)], and mortality rate [1 (2%) vs. 2 (4%)]. Median postoperative hospital stay was 6 days for both groups. CONCLUSION: @entity302 is a safe and feasible procedure when performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Length of hospital stay and overall complication rates are comparable with MLC. Until today, no clear advantages of @entity302 over MLC have been demonstrated. However, due to its smaller incisional trauma, @entity302 could be a major step in improving cosmetic outcomes.

title: Comparison of short-term surgical outcomes after single-incision laparoscopic versus multiport laparoscopic right colectomy: a two-center, prospective case-controlled study of 100 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['SILC', 'single-incision laparoscopic colectomy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity7 ( @entity7 ) pathway plays an important role in growth and progression of @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity14 ( @entity14 ). The key mediators of @entity7 signaling are @entity6758 , @entity319 , and @entity7802 , part of a family of related receptor @entity4149 kinases. The relative expression, activity, or interplay among these receptors may determine the response of @entity14 patients to anti-angiogenic therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed technically sound immunohistochemical (IHC) assays to quantify @entity31890 , and using a well-annotated @entity14 @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ), we carried out comprehensive comparative evaluation of the three VEGFRs in archival primary @entity14 tissues (n=84). For each @entity3145 core, @entity5 cell @entity6758 expression was reported as H-score (range=0-300); vascular @entity319 / @entity7802 expression was manually scored as the number of receptor-positive @entity5 stromal vessels. Each case was defined as @entity6758 / @entity319 / @entity7802 -negative, low, medium or high. RESULTS: Based on the differential expression of the three VEGFRs, eight @entity319 staining profiles were observed: Triple @entity319 positive (n=12, 14%), @entity6758 predominant (n=17, 20%), @entity319 predominant (n=7, 8%), @entity7802 predominant (n=1, 1%), @entity6758 /2 predominant (n=39, 46%), @entity6758 /3 predominant (n=2, 2%), @entity319 /3 predominant (n=3, 4%), and triple- @entity319 -negative (n=3, 4%). CONCLUSION: Herein we demonstrated heterogeneity of expression of VEGFRs in @entity1 @entity14 stromal vessels and @entity5 cells. The observed @entity319 expression-based subsets of @entity1 CRCs may reflect differences in biology of pathologic angiogenesis in primary @entity14 tissues. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of expression of VEGFRs unraveled in this analysis merits independent validation in larger cohorts of primary and metastatic @entity1 @entity14 tissues and in pertinent experimental models treated with various anti-angiogenic therapies.

title: Heterogeneity of @entity31890 in Primary @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Carcinoma']


abstract: Introduction:In 2008, @entity233 became one of 26 countries with a complete ban on all forms of direct and indirect @entity286 marketing. We assessed the level of exposure to anti- and pro-cigarette advertising and to cigarette promotions and sponsorships among various demographic groups in @entity233 .Methods:We used the data from the Global Adult @entity286 Survey (GATS), conducted in November 2008 in @entity233 . The data consist of answers to GATS questions by 9030 respondents from a nationally representative, multistage probability sample of adults 15 years of age or older. To find differences in exposure to the advertising by sex, age, education level and smoking status, we analyzed responses to GATS questions about cigarette advertisements and anti-cigarette smoking information in various forms and through various advertising channels, during the 30 days before the survey, using bivariate analysis.Results:Overall, 13.3% of respondents aged 15 years or older noticed some type of cigarette marketing during the 30 days before the survey: 7.1% saw advertisements, 5.3% saw promotions and 3.3% saw sports sponsorships. @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to have seen cigarette promotions (7.8% versus 3.0%) and sports sponsorships (5.3% versus 1.4%). Respondents aged 15-24 years were more likely than those aged 25 years or older to have seen cigarette advertisements (10.2% versus 6.2%), promotions (8.7% versus 4.4%) and sponsorships (6.6% versus 2.3%), respectively. Respondents were most likely to have seen cigarette advertisements on television (3.4%) or in shops (2.7%). In addition, 2.8% of respondents reported seeing a clothing item with a brand name or logo, 2.5% reported that they received free samples of cigarettes and 0.3% received gifts along with the purchase of cigarettes. Almost 9 of 10 survey respondents (88.8%) reported having noticed some anti-cigarette information during the 30 days before the survey. Most anti-cigarette information was seen on television (85.5%). The anti-cigarette information was seen by slightly more cigarette smokers (91.6%) than nonsmokers (87.6%). @entity1 with less than a primary education were less likely to notice anti-cigarette information than those with a higher level of education, in all examined media channels.Conclusions:Our findings showed a low prevalence of noticing cigarette marketing, which indicates high compliance with the Turkish law banning such marketing. GATS data provide an in-depth understanding of the level of exposure to pro- and anti-cigarette information in 2008 and they are of practical assistance to those who implement policies to reduce the demand for @entity286 . The challenge now is to maintain rigorous enforcement. To do so requires ongoing surveillance to produce data on the effectiveness of the enforcement efforts.

title: Exposure to anti- and pro- XXXX advertising, promotions or sponsorships: @entity233 , 2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'women', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic characteristics of tests used for a prompt diagnosis of @entity6275 in the @entity6 , using bone histology as the criterion standard. The tests assessed were probe-to-bone (PTB), clinical signs of @entity281 , radiography signs of @entity4034 , and ulcer specimen culture. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed on @entity1 with foot @entity1066 referred to our @entity6 clinic. @entity1066 was diagnosed by recording clinical signs of @entity281 and taking specimens for culture. The presumptive diagnosis of @entity4034 was based on these results and the findings of a plain X-ray and PTB test. All @entity1 with a clinical suspicion of @entity79 were subjected to surgical treatment of the affected bone. During surgery, bone specimens were obtained for a histological diagnosis of @entity4034 . RESULTS: Over 2.5 years, 210 foot lesions were consecutively examined and 132 of these wounds with clinical suspicion of @entity281 selected as the study sample. Of these, 105 (79.5%) lesions were diagnosed as @entity4034 . Among the tests compared, the best results were yielded by the PTB test including an efficiency of 94%, sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 78%, positive predictive value of 95%, and negative predictive value of 91% (P < 0.001, k 0.803); the positive likelihood ratio was 4.41, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.02 (95% CI). CONCLUSIONS: In our outpatient population with a high prevalence of @entity4034 , the PTB test was of greatest diagnostic value, especially for @entity1066 , and proved to be efficient for detecting @entity4034 in the @entity6 .

title: Validating the probe-to-bone test and other tests for diagnosing @entity6275 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic ulcers', 'Ulcer infection', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infection']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Veterans Health Administration (VA) has undertaken a major initiative to transform care through implementation of @entity1 Aligned Care Teams (PACTs). Based on the @entity1 -centered medical home (PCMH) concept, @entity15649 aims to improve access, continuity, coordination, and comprehensiveness using team-based care that is @entity1 -driven and @entity1 -centered. However, how VA should adapt @entity15649 to meet the needs of special populations, such as @entity1 Veterans (WVs), was not considered in initial implementation guidance. WVs' numerical minority in VA healthcare settings (approximately 7-8  % of users) creates logistical challenges to delivering gender-sensitive comprehensive care. The main goal of this study is to test an evidence-based quality improvement approach (EBQI) to tailoring @entity15649 to meet the needs of WVs, incorporating comprehensive primary care services and gender-specific care in gender-sensitive environments, thereby accelerating achievement of @entity15649 tenets for @entity1 ( @entity1 's Health (WH)- @entity15649 ). METHODS/DESIGN: EBQI is a systematic approach to developing a multilevel research-clinical partnership that engages senior organizational leaders and local quality improvement (QI) teams in adapting and implementing new care models in the context of prior evidence and local practice conditions, with researchers providing technical support, formative feedback, and practice facilitation. In a 12-site cluster randomized trial, we will evaluate WH- @entity15649 model achievement using @entity1 , provider, staff, and practice surveys, in addition to analyses of secondary administrative and chart-based data. We will explore impacts of receipt of WH- @entity15649 care on quality of @entity102 care and prevention, health status, @entity1 satisfaction and experience of care, provider experience, utilization, and costs. Using mixed methods, we will assess pre-post practice contexts; document EBQI activities undertaken in participating facilities and their relationship to provider/staff and team actions/attitudes; document WH- @entity15649 implementation; and examine barriers/facilitators to EBQI-supported WH- @entity15649 implementation through a combination of semi-structured interviews and monthly formative progress narratives and administrative data. DISCUSSION: Lack of gender-sensitive comprehensive care has demonstrated consequences for the technical quality and ratings of care among WVs and may contribute to decisions to continue use or seek care elsewhere under the US Affordable Care Act. We hypothesize that tailoring @entity15649 implementation through EBQI may improve the experience and quality of care at many levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02039856.

title: Cluster randomized trial of a multilevel evidence-based quality improvement approach to tailoring VA XXXX Aligned Care Teams to the needs of @entity1 Veterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to determine dual-phase @entity419 PET imaging features for various subtypes of @entity9075 based on the World Health Organization classification. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with histologically verified @entity9075 [23 with @entity5 (4 with type A, 16 with AB, and 3 with B1) and 23 with high-risk @entity5 (7 with B2, 5 with B3, and 11 with @entity704 ] were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 were injected with @entity419 .; after 1 h, they underwent scanning; after 3 h, 23 @entity1 underwent an additional scanning. The maximum standard uptake value (SUV(max)) and the retention index (RI%) of the lesions were determined. RESULTS: The early and delayed SUV(max) values in the @entity1 with high-risk @entity5 [early SUV(max) (mean: 6.0) and delayed SUV(max) (mean: 7.4)] were both significantly larger than those in @entity1 with @entity5 [early SUV(max) (mean: 3.2) and delayed SUV(max) (mean: 3.4)] (P < 0.05). Early SUV(max) values of greater than 7.1 differentiated @entity704 from other types of @entity5 . For the histological differentiation between high-risk @entity5 and @entity5 , an early SUV(max) value of 4.5 was used as the cutoff. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 78.3, 91.3, and 84.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: High SUV values (early SUV > 4.5) suggest the presence of high-risk @entity5 . A very high SUV value (early SUV > 7.1) is useful for the @entity704 from other types of @entity5 . The delayed SUV values were higher than the early SUV values in all types of @entity5 .

title: @entity419 PET for the evaluation of XXXX : Correlation with the World Health Organization classification in addition to dual-time-point imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'differentiation of thymic carcinomas', 'thymic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9075 :: ('MESH:C536905', 'Disease') :: ['thymic epithelial tumors']

answer: @entity9075 :: (MESH:C536905,Disease) :: ['thymic epithelial tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity900 , @entity3003 , and @entity901 are chemically reactive anticancer drugs with modest activity in @entity1313 . Previously, we have demonstrated that drug exposure in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for these @entity902 analogs is <5% of the plasma ultrafiltrate (UF) drug exposure in nonhuman primates. Microdialysis is a minimally invasive in vivo method for sampling small molecules in the blood and tissue extracellular fluid (ECF). The purpose of this study was to estimate the penetration of @entity902 analogs into the brain ECF. METHODS: We measured free concentrations of @entity900 , @entity3003 , and @entity901 in ECF of brain, muscle, and blood of nonhuman primates using microdialysis and compared ECF @entity902 concentrations in blood and brain to plasma UF and CSF concentrations obtained using conventional sampling methods. RESULTS: For all three @entity902 analogs, AUC(0-4h) for microdialysis sampling from the vein was similar to standard plasma UF sampling. The median AUC(0-4h) ratio for vein to plasma UF was 1.1 (range, 0.9-1.4). The @entity902 analogs had limited distribution (<5%) to the CSF and brain ECF. CSF penetration predicts for the limited penetration of the @entity902 analogs into brain ECF, but concordance between CSF and brain ECF measurements was poor. CSF @entity901 concentrations (AUC(0-4h), 0.4-0.9 microM h) were substantially lower than brain ECF concentrations (AUC(0-4h), 2.0-8.6 microM h). CONCLUSIONS: The penetration of @entity902 analogs into CSF and brain is limited. The differences in the CNS penetrations among the three @entity902 analogs are not clinically significant. For @entity900 and @entity3003 , CSF penetration appears to be a surrogate for brain extracellular free drug exposure.

title: Extracellular fluid concentrations of @entity900 , @entity3003 , and XXXX in brain, muscle, and blood measured using microdialysis in nonhuman primates.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: A commonly activated signaling cascade in many @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity463 multiforme, is the @entity584 pathway. This pathway can be activated via numerous upstream alterations including genomic amplification of @entity470 , @entity983 deletion, or @entity10160 mutations. In this study, we screened @entity4357 3-kinase/ @entity584 small-molecule inhibitors in an isogenic cell culture system with an activated @entity584 pathway secondary to a @entity10160 mutation. One small molecule, @entity32188 , showed the greatest selective inhibition of cells with the mutant phenotype. Based on these findings, this inhibitor was screened in vitro against a panel of @entity463 multiforme cell lines. All cell lines tested were sensitive to @entity32188 with a mean IC(50) of approximately 150 nmol/L. An analogue of @entity32188 , methylated at a region that blocks @entity584 binding, was on average 36-fold less active. Caspase assays and dual flow cytometric analysis showed an apoptotic mechanism of cell death. @entity32188 was further tested in a @entity35 intracranial model of @entity463 multiforme. Animals treated intracranially with polymers containing @entity32188 had significantly extended survival compared with control animals; animals survived 79% and 43% longer than controls when @entity32188 -containing polymers were implanted simultaneously or in a delayed fashion, respectively. This small molecule also inhibited @entity463 multiforme stem-like cells with similar efficacy compared with traditionally cultured @entity463 multiforme cell lines. These results suggest that local delivery of an @entity584 small-molecule inhibitor is effective against experimental @entity11 , with no observed resistance to @entity463 multiforme cells grown in stem cell conditions.

title: Inhibition of XXXX inhibits growth of @entity463 and @entity463 stem-like cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial glioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Conventional whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) exposes most of the contents of the true pelvis to the prescribed dose. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) provides more conformal dose distribution and better sparing of critical structures for WPRT. However, IMRT is more complicated in planning and delivery, requiring more expensive equipment and time-consuming quality assurance. We explore and evaluate a novel conformal arc radiotherapeutic technique for postoperative WPRT for @entity1204 in this study. METHODS: This technique involves 2-axis conformal arc therapy ( @entity2196 ) with 180-degree rotation around 2 isocenters each in 2 separate dose-shaping structures. Dosimetric comparison with 3D-CRT and IMRT for 10 @entity1204 @entity1 undergoing postoperative WPRT was performed to evaluate this new @entity2196 technique. RESULTS: The mean conformity indices were 0.83, 0.61, and 0.88 for @entity2196 , 3D-CRT, and IMRT, respectively. The mean homogeneity indices were 1.15, 1.08, and 1.10. The mean doses to bowel, rectum, bladder, and pelvic bone marrow were, respectively, 1.19, 3.39, 4.65, and 1.64 Gy lower with @entity2196 than with 3D-CRT (P < 0.05), whereas a little higher than with IMRT. The mean dose to normal tissue was 1.87 Gy higher with @entity2196 than with IMRT (P = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: In postoperative WPRT for @entity1204 , @entity2196 significantly improves the dose conformity and sparing of bowel, rectum, and bladder compared with 3D-CRT. Despite dose uniformity and conformity being still inferior to those of IMRT, its simplicity and extensive availability combined with further improvement warrant it as a potential shortcut alternative to IMRT.

title: A novel conformal arc technique for postoperative whole pelvic radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity308 and @entity148 are prevalent @entity1316 in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 . Recent research has proposed a potential role of apelinergic system in pathogenesis of @entity308 . The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of @entity308 and @entity148 and their potential relation with serum @entity33403 levels among @entity298 @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 40 @entity298 @entity1 were enrolled into the study. @entity308 and @entity148 were assessed with the Beck's @entity308 Inventory and the Beck's @entity148 Inventory. Serum @entity33403 -12 levels were measured by immunoenzymatic assays using commercially available ELISA kit for standard @entity1 @entity33403 . RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 16 (40%) had @entity308 , 20 (50%) had @entity148 . The @entity1 with @entity308 and @entity148 had a significantly longer time on dialysis (p   <   0.001 for both), significantly higher serum @entity33403 (p   <   0.001 for both) and @entity1851 levels (p   <   0.001 for both) than those without @entity308 and @entity148 . In multivariate analysis, serum @entity33403 was the only parameter associated independently with @entity308 and @entity148 scores. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of @entity298 @entity1 had @entity308 and @entity148 . Increased levels of serum @entity33403 may constitute a significant independent predictor of development of @entity308 and @entity148 in @entity298 @entity1 .

title: Serum @entity33403 is associated with @entity1316 in @entity298 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']