abstract: PURPOSE: The sirtuin gene family has been linked with tumourigenesis, in both a @entity5 promoter and suppressor capacity. Information regarding the function of sirtuins in @entity788 is sparse and equivocal. We undertook a novel study investigating @entity4093 -7 protein expression in a @entity5 . The aim of this study was to establish a protein expression profile for @entity4093 -7 in @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) and to determine if there were associations between @entity4093 -7 expression, clinico-pathological parameters and @entity1 outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity4093 -7 protein levels was undertaken in a tissue micro-array comprising 77 resected PDACs. Statistical analyses determined if @entity4093 -7 protein expression was associated with clinical parameters or outcome. RESULTS: Two sirtuin family members demonstrated significant associations with clinico-pathological parameters and @entity1 outcome. Low level @entity34268 expression in the @entity5 cytoplasm correlated with @entity5 , and a shorter time to relapse and @entity204 , in the absence of chemotherapeutic intervention. Low levels of nuclear @entity34379 expression were also associated with an aggressive @entity5 phenotype and poorer outcome, as measured by disease-free and disease-specific survival time, 12 months post-diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that @entity34268 and @entity34379 possess @entity5 suppressor properties in the context of @entity788 . @entity34268 may also represent a novel predictive biomarker to determine which @entity1 may or may not respond to chemotherapy. This study opens up an interesting avenue of investigation to potentially identify predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for @entity788 , a disease that has seen no significant improvement in survival over the past 40 years.

title: @entity34268 _ @entity34379 : Potential Novel Biomarkers for Determining Outcome in @entity788 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cohort of pancreatic tumours', 'more aggressive tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a model describing postoperative @entity519 after cardiac surgery by using two variables, i.e., shunt and resistance to @entity26 diffusion (Rdff). DESIGN: Estimation of these two variables in normal subjects and postoperative cardiac @entity1 . SETTING: The pulmonary function laboratory for the normal subjects and the intensive care unit for the cardiac @entity1 . @entity1 /SUBJECTS: Nine postoperative cardiac @entity1 and six healthy subjects. INTERVENTIONS: Inspired @entity26 fraction was varied in normal subjects and in cardiac @entity1 3-6 hrs after surgery. This variation occurred in four to seven steps to achieve arterial @entity26 saturations in the range 0.90-1.00. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measurements were taken of arterial @entity26 saturation, cardiac output, ventilation, and end-tidal gases at each inspired @entity26 fraction. These measurements gave the following estimates for the normal subjects: shunt = 3.9+/-5.4% (mean +/- SD) and Rdiff = -5+/-16 torr/(L/min) [-0.7+/-2.2 kPa/(L/min)]; for the cardiac @entity1 : shunt = 7.7+/-1.8% and Rdiff = 212+/-230 torr/(L/min) [28.2+/-30.6 kPa/(L/min)]. The increase in Rdiff (P = .01) was sufficient to explain the observed @entity519 in these @entity1 . The value for shunt was not significantly increased in the @entity1 (p = .09). The two-variable model (shunt and Rdff) gave a better prediction of arterial @entity26 saturation than a model with shunt as the only variable (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: In cardiac @entity1 requiring supplementary @entity26 , the @entity17220 could, in our model, be best described by an increased Rdiff, not by an increased shunt value.

title: @entity519 after coronary bypass surgery modeled by resistance to XXXX diffusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory abnormality']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study examines data from pharmaceutical, physical, and visual tests that support the possible diagnosis of @entity924 ( @entity924 ). METHOD: The presence of @entity3856 derived from inflamed extraocular musculature and tendons in 60 subjects with @entity924 was detected by palpating their globes near the eye muscle insertions. The @entity158 sensations were subjectively rated and recorded. Because the sensation of @entity158 elicited by such palpation was most-often unilateral, the study compares the affected sidewith @entity158 to the side tha exhibited vision disturbance during the Turville Infinity Binocular Balance (TIB) test. Lastly, an anti-inflammatory ophthalmic pharmaceutical was used to see if the @entity158 could be resolved. Saline was used as a control. The subjects evaluated their @entity158 after 1 and 10 minutes of the saline drop. The remaining subjects who still had @entity158 after the saline drops were given one of two topical @entity230 : a hydrophilic or a lipaphilic derivative of @entity617 . Again, the subjects rated and recorded their @entity158 after 1, 10, and 60 minutes. RESULTS: Of 60 subjects who had @entity10 and associated @entity158 areas on their globes, 5B observed the monocular blur effect (MBE) on the same side as these palpable sore spots. Of the 60 subjects with such sore areas, 10 individuals were relieved with a saline drop. Of the remaining 50 subjects, 25 received a drop of lipophilic, @entity12356 and 25 received a drop of hydrophilic, @entity11560 . Of the 50 subjects from these two groups, 39 had a significant reduction of their palpable @entity158 sensations; the data indicate there was little difference in response between the two formulations of @entity617 . CONCLUSION: The corroboration of results from pharmaceutical, physical, and visual tests supports the diagnosis of @entity924 .

title: Clinical observations of pharmaceutical, physical, and visual evidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11560 :: ('MESH:C009022', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['PEM-T', 'presumed extraocular myositis and tendonitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity12356 :: ('MESH:C009935', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['ocular pain']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['presumed extraocular myositis and tendonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The recurrence rate of lethal @entity299 after the survival of a primary @entity1167 in @entity1 not having received an @entity737 ( @entity737 ) is investigated. BACKGROUND: According to current guidelines, only a small percentage of @entity1 after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to an underlying cardiac problem are eligible for the implantation of an @entity737 . METHODS: For retrospective analysis, we used a data registry of @entity1 admitted to an emergency department after @entity1167 . @entity1 who had a primary cardiac cause for their @entity1167 and who did not die within the first month after successful restoration of spontaneous circulation were selected. RESULTS: From 1246 @entity1 , 360 met the inclusion criteria. A second lethal @entity299 occurred in 94 (26%). Of those 94 @entity1 , 57 (61%) had good neurological function before their second @entity1167 . Of the survivors with good neurological function, 47 (82%) did not have an @entity737 or a cardiac transplant. Another @entity1167 due to a primary @entity299 occurred in 34 (72%) of these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1167 without an apparent indication for an @entity737 have a high risk of suffering from a re-arrest of cardiac origin.

title: Survivors of ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to a transient or reversible disorder have a high recurrence rate of lethal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest survivors']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: We studied the relationship between the bone mass and biochemical parameters in 175 normal premenopausal, 72 normal postmenopausal and @entity3604 postmenopausal @entity1 , between 20 and 88 years old, and in 40 @entity1 with @entity1378 , and 23 @entity1 with @entity459 , between 13 and 64 years old. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur (femoral neck) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using a QDR-1000, Hologic. The bone mineral content (BMC) of the radius was measured by single photon absorptiometry (SPA) using a model 2780, Norland. Serum @entity461 , @entity29916 and @entity175 (CT) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The BMD of the spine (L2-L4), and the proximal femur in postmenopausal @entity1 were negatively correlated with age. The mean BMD in @entity1 with @entity170 was significantly lower than that in normal postmenopausal @entity1 . In postmenopausal @entity1 , age was positively correlated with @entity29916 , @entity461 , CT and negatively correlated with P. In @entity1 with @entity170 , the BMD of the spine was negatively correlated with serum @entity29916 . The BMC of radius in @entity1 with @entity1378 decreased significantly compared with that in the controls, and was negatively correlated with @entity31481 . The BMC of the radius in @entity1 with @entity459 was significantly lower than that in the controls, and was negatively correlated with serum @entity29916 and serum @entity460 . The measurements of biochemical parameters such as serum @entity29916 , @entity3064 and @entity461 may be useful in the assessment of @entity2331 .

title: [Bone mass and biochemical parameters in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic bone diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2331 :: (MESH:D001851,Disease) :: ['metabolic bone diseases']


abstract: The role of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) prophylaxis in @entity1313 ( @entity1313 ) @entity410 -na  ve @entity1 remains unclear. Additionally, @entity734 are associated with severe side effects, negative impact on cognition and drug interactions. Little is known about current practice regarding prophylactic @entity734 use in @entity1313 . We investigated its use in a tertiary care @entity5 center. We reviewed medical records of 260 @entity1 registered in our center between 2008 and 2012, focusing on prophylactic @entity734 use. A descriptive analysis was performed with SPSS IBM version 20.0. Median age was 44.5  years (11-83). Most @entity1 had ECOG PS  <=1 (76.4  %). Among 141 @entity410 -na  ve @entity1 , 70.2  % received an @entity734 as primary prophylaxis (PP). Most commonly used drugs as PP were @entity3174 (85.9  %), @entity2049 (6.1  %) and @entity109 (5.1  %). In only 14 @entity1 (14.1  %) AEDs were eventually discontinued, in a median time of 5.9  months (1.1-76.8  m). @entity734 were used as PP in 60  % of low-grade @entity11 , 73.3  % of @entity11 and 93.9  % of @entity463 @entity1 . Twenty-seven @entity1 (27.3  %) on PP presented @entity410 , generally associated with @entity5 progression. Of the 42 @entity410 -na  ve @entity1 not receiving @entity734 prophylaxis, only two presented @entity410 , which occurred during or within the first week post-radiotherapy. In this cross-sectional study, prophylactic @entity734 use in @entity1313 was extremely high. Postoperatively, @entity734 were discontinued in a minority of @entity1 , mostly after a prolonged period. Current prophylactic @entity734 use patterns in @entity1313 are not in accordance with established guidelines.

title: Antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in XXXX @entity1 : is current practice in agreement to the consensus?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['primary brain tumor', 'PBT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['antiepileptic drugs', 'AED']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['primary brain tumor']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of @entity117 on post-extraction @entity548 in a clinical setup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred @entity1 aged between 50 and 65 years who were indicated for dental extraction for endodontic reason were selected from the outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The @entity1 were randomly divided into @entity117 continuing group (group A) and @entity117 discontinuing group (group B). After checking all the vital signs, the extractions were carried out. Bleeding time and clotting time were recorded for evaluation by Chi-square test. RESULTS: Chi-square test revealed that the @entity548 time increased (3.8    0.75) in group A @entity1 continued with the @entity117 therapy where as group B discontinued @entity117 . Similarly, the clotting time increased in group B @entity1 and decreased in group A @entity1 . But in both the groups, @entity548 and clotting time remained within normal limits. CONCLUSION: Reviewing most of the dental and medical literature, it can be concluded that there is absolutely no need to discontinue antiplatelet therapy for any ambulatory dental procedure, and even if the practitioner wishes to discontinue, it should not be for more than 3 daAQ2ys. This is also stated in the guidelines of the American Heart Association.

title: Influence of XXXX on post-extraction @entity548 - A clinical study.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To survey the prevalence of the @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ), especially @entity15499 ( @entity15499 ), in Thai @entity1 (The first such study). BACKGROUND: @entity1162 is a rare @entity74 with a prevalence of 0.21 per cent in @entity1 with @entity2319 from other reports. These @entity1 carry a high risk of recurrent @entity1163 and fatal @entity943 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey from January 2000 to August 2000. METHOD: A total of 276 @entity1 with congenital sensori-neural @entity393 were included. A questionnaire was employed and all @entity1 were examined by a pediatric cardiologist to rule out @entity299 . EKGs were obtained and QTc intervals were blindly measured using standard methods in L2, V5 or any other leads with the longest QTc interval by three pediatric cardiologists. If QTc interval is prolonged, additional EKG (up to 3) were done to confirm the finding. Schwartz criteria was used to identify index cases with @entity1162 after repeated EKGs, and exercise stress tests. Also, echocardiography were done in @entity1 suspected of having @entity1162 . RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 needed a third EKG and more work ups due to persistent long QTc interval after 2 consecutive EKG studies with QTc intervals ranged from 456 msec to 466 msec, and Schwartz score from 1.5 to 2.5. There were 6 twins and no triplets in the study. Finally, two subjects (not twins or siblings) had persistent prolonged QTc intervals after 3 EKG studies. After the exercise stress test, both still had a @entity1162 , not corrected to the normal QTc interval even at the exercise peak. There was no @entity299 either structurally or functionally from the 2D echocardiogram and Doppler color flow study. CONCLUSION: The possible prevalence of @entity15499 was 0.7 per cent (2/276). Both @entity1 were in the low-risk group for having @entity1162 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in congenital sensori-neural @entity393 students of Songkhla School for the Deaf.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['congenital deafness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease', 'cardiac abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['LQTS', 'long QT syndrome', 'prolonged QTc interval']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity15499 :: ('MESH:D029593', 'Disease') :: ['Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome', 'JLNS']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['idiopathic long QT syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and @entity7305 are common treatment choices in idiopathic @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) and @entity479 -dependent @entity1985 (SDNS) in @entity1 and adolescents. We performed a randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity2098 and @entity7305 in these conditions. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective open-label, multicenter, parallel-arm, blind-end point randomized clinical trial. SETTING _ @entity1 : 112 @entity1 and adolescents (64 @entity4557 and 48 SDNS) with estimated glomerular filtration rates > 80mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2) who were in remission ( @entity644 with protein excretion  < 100mg/dL for  >= 3 days) followed up at 2 tertiary-care hospitals in Eastern India. INTERVENTION: @entity2098 , 1,200mg/m(2), per day (n=56) or @entity7305 , 2.5mg/kg, on alternate days (n=56) for 12 months, along with tapering doses of alternate-day @entity617 (1.5mg/kg for 4 weeks following remission, then reduced by 0.25mg/kg every 2-4 weeks). OUTCOMES _ MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was 12-month relapse-free survival in the intention-to-treat population (relapse: dipstick 3-4+ on 3 consecutive morning urine specimens). Prespecified secondary outcomes were relapse frequency, time to first relapse, cumulative @entity617 dosage, and adverse-effect profiles. RESULTS: 124 (1.1  1.2 per @entity1 ) and 190 (1.7  1.5 per @entity1 ) relapses occurred during the study period in the @entity2098 and @entity7305 arms, respectively (P<0.001). Relapse frequency during the study period was lower than during the prestudy year (5.4  2.8 and 5.5  1.9, respectively; both P<0.001). @entity2098 was associated with a higher rate of 12-month relapse-free survival than @entity7305 (38% vs 16%; P=0.003) and 33% lower cumulative @entity617 intake than @entity7305 (45.7  29.7 vs 67.8  35.8mg/kg per year; P<0.001). 64% of @entity1 in the @entity2098 arm versus 46% in the @entity7305 arm were off @entity479 therapy at 12 months. Whereas @entity7305 therapy was devoid of adverse effects, @entity294 occurred in 7% of @entity2098 -treated @entity1 , necessitating treatment discontinuation in 1 @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Therapeutic drug monitoring for @entity2098 was not routinely performed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2098 is equally safe and more efficacious than @entity7305 in maintaining remission and reducing cumulative @entity479 dose in @entity1 and adolescents with idiopathic @entity4557 and SDNS.

title: Efficacy and Safety of XXXX Versus @entity7305 in @entity1 and Adolescents With Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['frequently relapsing', 'FRNS']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['Mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['Mycophenolate Mofetil']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hip hemiarthoplasties are commonly performed for displaced @entity2249 . Considerable differences of opinion exists regarding the choice between @entity162 . The main theoretical advantage of a bipolar over a unipolar prosthesis is the reduction of acetabular erosion due to movement taking place within the implant rather than at the acetabular implant interface. It is thus hypothesised that bipolar prostheses lead to better long-term functional outcomes with less complications. In this study, we aimed to compare unipolar (Moore's) and @entity162 looking specifically for differences in 1) @entity158 and functional hip scores; 2) rates of acetabular erosion, component migration and revision surgery; and 3) rates of postoperative morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria were 1) age more than or equal to 65 years; 2) displaced @entity2249 of non-pathologic origin; 3) normal cognitive function; 4) ambulatory with or without assistive devices prior to the @entity174 ; and 5) treated with a primary prosthetic replacement. Of the 193 @entity1 that were available for review, 118 were in the Moore's group and 75 in the bipolar group. Postoperatively, @entity1 were assessed with regards to @entity158 , satisfaction, Modified Harris hip score and Oxford hip score. Standard anteroposterior pelvis and lateral hip radiographs were obtained at regular intervals. These were analysed specifically with regards to acetabular erosion and component migration. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between a Moore's and a bipolar prosthesis regarding @entity158 , functional hip scores, rates of acetabular erosion, component migration, revision surgery and complications rates. CONCLUSION: Use of the more expensive bipolar prosthesis in elderly and premorbidly ambulant @entity1 is not justified.

title: XXXX for Displaced @entity2249 in the Elderly: Is There a Difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar and bipolar designs', 'bipolar hemiarthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Unipolar versus Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty']


abstract: @entity8 is closely associated with @entity101 . On the one hand, @entity8 provokes @entity101 . On the other hand, @entity101 aggravates the progression of @entity8 . The pathomechanisms through which the kidney raises blood pressure have been considerably clarified in recent years. In experimental and clinical studies, it could be shown that " @entity101 goes with the kidney". This suggests that some @entity8 predispose to @entity101 . Recently, it could be shown that the kidneys of individuals with so-called essential @entity101 have less glomeruli than the kidneys of control individuals. In renal @entity1 the kidney raises blood pressure through several mechanisms. First, the pressure-natriuresis relationship is shifted to the right, i. e., @entity1372 excretion requires higher renal perfusion pressures. Second, there is inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Third, as only recently documented in detail, @entity8 raises the sympathetic tone, even when whole kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is unchanged. This results from stimulating afferent signals emanating from the kidney. Fourth, there is evidence of impaired endothelial cell dependent vasodilatation even in very early stages of @entity8 . Fifth, the pulse pressure profile is altered as a consequence of premature and accelerated aging causing stiffening of the aorta. Knowledge of these pathomechanisms is important for selection of appropriate antihypertensive treatment.

title: Kidney and XXXX -causes. Update 2003.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'renal anomalies', 'Renal disease', 'kidney disease', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To use bench top techniques to examine the biophysical phenomena affecting the risk of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) @entity397 relative to the physical properties of the @entity439 sac. METHODS: Three latex AAAs with different wall elasticities were tested in a validated @entity450 ( @entity450 ). Strain gauges were wired to each @entity1028 model at the neck, inflection point, and at the maximum diameter. In initial studies, the influence of pressurization and the mechanical properties of @entity1028 wall stress were evaluated. In subsequent studies, the latex AAAs were excluded with a tube graft and retested in the @entity450 . After creation of either a type I or II @entity1070 of known size and pressure, the systemic/intrasac pressure and the @entity1028 wall stress were measured. RESULTS: Each model had a complex wall-stress pattern comprising radial, longitudinal, and shear components. The peak wall stress at any point, in the presence of systemic pressurization or @entity1070 pressure, only reached 1% of the failure strength. In an @entity1028 with a reinforced wall, the peak stress was significantly greater. Statistical analysis showed that wall strength contributed more significantly to wall stress than increasing pressurization within the @entity1028 sac. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1028 wall mechanics contribute more significantly to peak wall stress than pressure variations within the system. In particular, increased stiffness (analogous to collagen deposition) significantly increased peak wall stress, which was located at the inflection point rather than at the maximum diameter. Techniques to measure the @entity1028 wall mechanics and the rate of deterioration may predict @entity1755 in the untreated state or in the presence of an @entity1070 following endovascular repair.

title: XXXX wall stress and tendency to @entity397 are features of physical wall properties: an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['AAA rupture']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['PFM', 'pulsatile flow model']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the outcomes of two different incision techniques used in the surgical treatment of stress @entity322 (SUI) with @entity3133 and to identify possible associated risk factors with a medium-term follow-up in @entity1 who underwent TOT procedure. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 233 @entity1 who underwent transobturator tape procedure with cystocele repair. The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to two different incision techniques. The outcomes were analyzed considering five postoperative parameters: objective cure, subjective cure, @entity1 satisfaction, resolution of urgency @entity322 and complications. The mean follow-up period was 43.6  months (range 12-85). RESULTS: A total of 226 @entity1 were documented in this study: 79 @entity1 in single-incision technique (group 1) and 147 @entity1 in double-incision technique (group 2). The objective and subjective cure and @entity1 satisfaction (visual analog scale score >= 80) rates were 89.8, 73.4, 84.8  % and 90.4, 74.1, 86.4  % in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Complications reported according to the Clavien-Dindo classification were grade I 5.2  %, grade II 42.1  %, grade IIIa 47.3  %, and grade IIIb 5.2  %, and grade I 22.2  %, grade II 77.7  %, grade IIIa 0  % and grade IIIb 0  % in group 1 and group 2, respectively. The mean operative time was significantly shorter in group 1 compared to group 2 (p  =  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both incision techniques have satisfactory outcomes in the surgical treatment of SUI with cystocele; nevertheless, the @entity260 favor the double-incision technique.

title: Outcomes of two different incision techniques for surgical treatment of stress @entity322 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3133 :: ('MESH:D014596', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant anterior vaginal wall prolapse']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity3133 :: (MESH:D014596,Disease) :: ['concomitant anterior vaginal wall prolapse']


abstract: Hyperfiltration subjects podocytes to increased tensile stress and fluid flow shear stress (FFSS). We showed a 1.5-2.0 fold increase in FFSS in uninephrectomized animals and altered podocyte actin cytoskeleton and increased synthesis of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) following in vitro application of FFSS. We hypothesized that increased FFSS mediates cellular changes through specific receptors of @entity1421 . Presently, we studied the effect of FFSS on cultured podocytes and decapsulated isolated glomeruli in vitro and on solitary kidney in uninephrectomized sv129 @entity19 . In cultured podocytes, FFSS resulted in increased gene and protein expression of @entity10178 but not @entity16538 , prostanoid receptor @entity17783 but not @entity13947 , and increased synthesis and secretion of @entity1421 which were effectively blocked by @entity3352 . Next, we developed a special flow chamber for applying FFSS to isolated glomeruli in order to determine its effect on intact glomerular filtration barrier by measuring change in albumin permeability (Palb) in vitro. FFSS caused increase in Palb that was blocked by @entity3352 (p<0.001). Finally, we show that unilateral nephrectomy in sv129 @entity19 resulted in @entity8 (p=0.006), increased glomerular expression of @entity10178 (p<0.001) and @entity17783 (p<0.001) and increased urinary albumin excretion (p=0.001). Activation of the @entity10178 - @entity1421 - @entity17783 axis appears to be a specific response to FFSS in podocytes and provides a mechanistic basis for alteration in podocyte structure and glomerular filtration barrier leading to @entity633 in hyperfiltration-mediated @entity8 . The @entity10178 - @entity1421 - @entity17783 axis is a potential target for developing specific interventions to ameliorate the effects of hyperfiltration-mediated @entity8 in the progression of @entity740 .

title: CYCLOOXYGENASE-2, PROSTAGLANDIN E2 AND PROSTANOID RECEPTOR XXXX IN FLUID FLOW SHEAR STRESS MEDIATED INJURY IN SOLITARY KIDNEY.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury', 'glomerular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity17783 :: (19217(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['EP2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and side effects of @entity2816 in the treatment of refractory multiple @entity1582 . DESIGN: Retrospective, descriptive. METHOD: Data were obtained by means of case research on @entity1 with refractory multiple @entity1582 who were treated with @entity2816 at four regional hematological centres in the period from 1 May 1999 to 31 May 2001. The @entity1 had previously been treated with one, two or three schedules of chemotherapy. The starting dose of @entity2816 was 200 mg per day and the dose was increased gradually to a maximum of 800 mg per day depending on the tolerance. RESULTS: The 72 @entity1 included 43 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 with an average age of 62 years (range: 38-82 years). The median follow-up was 13 months (range: 2-25). @entity2816 as a single agent was prescribed for 64 @entity1 , of whom 29 (45%) responded; a complete response was achieved in 3 @entity1 , a partial response in 18, and a minor response in 8. In 4 of 11 @entity1 with an extramedullary plasmacytoma a decrease in size was observed. The median duration of the response was 9 months (range: from 2 till > 24). The median overall survival from the start of @entity2816 treatment was 9 months. @entity2816 plus @entity619 was given to 9 @entity1 who did not respond to @entity2816 alone, and in 6 of them a reduction of @entity10805 was then observed. The most frequent adverse effects were @entity1142 , drowsiness, @entity2147 , dizziness, @entity49 and @entity305 . Doses of up to 400 mg per day were generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: @entity2816 has antitumour activity in refractory multiple @entity1582 .

title: [ @entity2816 in the treatment of refractory multiple XXXX : a Dutch study of 72 patients: an antitumor effect in 45%].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity12837 (ALA) has been shown to combat oxidative stress by quenching a variety of reactive @entity26 species. It is involved in the regeneration of exogenous and endogenous antioxidants, chelation of metal ions, and repair of oxidized proteins. This study aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of ALA on @entity1959 ( @entity10776 )-induced gut @entity13570 and @entity1960 in @entity35 . METHOD: After 48 h of fasting, @entity35 underwent a laparotomy under ether anesthesia. TNBS solution 30 mg/mL in 40% @entity1068 (1 mL) was injected into the lumen, 10 cm proximal to the ileocolonic junction to induce @entity13570 or intrarectally 8 cm proximal to the anal sphincter to induce @entity1960 . ALA (25 mg/kg intraperitoneally, twice a day) was given after induction of @entity32 and continued for 3 days. All animals were decapitated 3 days after induction of the @entity32 . The @entity3137 of the ileum and colon were scored macroscopically and microscopically. Samples were taken for the measurement of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels, tissue-associated @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity and @entity6931 - or @entity12487 -enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). RESULTS: Macroscopic scores, morphological changes and increased tissue lipid peroxidation with a concomitant reduction in @entity2197 of the @entity13570 or @entity1960 groups were all reversed by treatment with ALA. ALA treatment was also effective in improving tissue @entity1589 activity and CL values, which were elevated in untreated @entity13570 or @entity1960 groups. CONCLUSION: ALA is beneficial in TNBS-induced gut @entity32 in @entity35 via suppression of neutrophil accumulation, preservation of endogenous @entity2041 and inhibition of reactive oxidant generation.

title: @entity12837 modulates gut @entity32 induced by XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['Alpha-lipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

answer: @entity1959 :: (MESH:D014302,Chemical) :: ['trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid']


abstract: During the last 15 years 8 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity916 secreting juxtaglomerular cell @entity5 among 30,000 @entity101 @entity1 . Clinical characteristics included severe @entity101 poorly medically controlled in young @entity1 (mean age 22.3 years) and severe @entity1371 (mean 2.83 mmol./l.). Secondary @entity1368 was present in all cases with a constant elevation of @entity916 activity. @entity8 was only positive in 64% of cases. Selective renal arteriography demonstrated an avascular area in 43% of the @entity1 . Computerized tomography showed the @entity5 in all cases. Mean @entity5 size was 24 mm. (range 10 to 50). Conservative surgery was feasible in all @entity1 . Perioperative ultrasonography was used for 3 intraparenchymal @entity5 . @entity101 and @entity1371 resolved within 1 week after surgery. At a mean followup of 98 months (range 24 to 204) no @entity5 recurrence was documented.

title: XXXX secreting @entity5 : diagnosis, conservative surgical approach and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal vein sampling']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['Renin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The anatomic and electrophysiologic bases for multiple forms of sustained AV @entity591 were determined in the @entity95 . METHODS: Intracellular microelectrode recordings were used to identify antegrade and retrograde conduction limbs of sustained @entity591 observed in 23 of 152 superfused @entity95 AV junctions. RESULTS: Slow: @entity591 (196 +/- 12 msec cycle length) with nearly equal AH and HA intervals (99 +/- 12; 97 +/- 11 msec, respectively) and early atrial activation near the coronary sinus os were observed in 14 preparations and slow:fast @entity591 (189 +/- 11 msec cycle length) with an AH > HA interval (141 +/- 12; 48 +/- 10 msec, respectively) and early atrial activation along the anterior limbus of the fossa ovalis were observed in 11 preparations. Both @entity591 were associated with @entity4785 and localized reentry within the triangle of Koch. Slow:fast and slow: @entity591 exhibited counterclockwise and clockwise reentry circuits, respectively. Both circuits were present in two preparations. Slow:fast AV nodal reentrant @entity591 could be reset with stimuli introduced near the coronary sinus os and the anterior AV nodal input. Slow: @entity591 could be reset only by stimuli introduced near the coronary sinus os. The fraction of the @entity591 cycle length contained within the compact AV node was greater for slow:fast (0.35 +/- 0.07) than slow:slow reentry (0.15 +/- 0.05, p = 0.026), suggesting a longer lower common pathway for slow:fast @entity591 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4785 incorporating the AV node can provide the reentrant substrate for two different clinical forms of sustained AV @entity591 .

title: Slow:fast and slow:slow AV nodal reentry in the @entity95 resulting from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['nodal tachycardias', 'tachycardia', 'slow tachycardias', 'tachycardias', 'nodal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['Longitudinal dissociation within the posterior AV nodal input', 'longitudinal dissociation']

answer: @entity4785 :: (MESH:D004213,Disease) :: ['longitudinal dissociation within the posterior AV nodal input']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and long-term results of early gastric surgery for @entity1 with isolated @entity356 following acid @entity130 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series was routinely performed around the 4th week after acid @entity130 . @entity1 with @entity356 and no risk of delayed esophageal stricture underwent early solitary gastric surgery, which was defined when performance of the procedure took place within 2 months of the injury. RESULTS: From June 1988 to June 2000, 35 of 378 @entity1 with acid @entity130 developed isolated @entity356 . Twenty-four (68.6%) lesions were located in the antrum, and 11 (31.4%) in the gastric body. Postprandial vomiting presented earlier for the antral stricture group (17.6 +/- 1.1 versus 25.4 +/- 3.4 days after injury; p = 0.005). The UGI series was performed from 16 to 41 days after injury (average 25 days). Of the 35 acid @entity130 @entity1 in this study, 4 were excluded because of late referrals to our institution or the @entity1 's hesitation which resulted in delayed surgery. The remaining 31 @entity1 underwent gastric surgery 35.7 +/- 3.2 days after ingestion (34.6 +/- 3.6 and 38.1 +/- 3.4 days for cases of antral and gastric body stricture, respectively). Surgical procedures consisted of hemigastrectomy (n = 16), antrectomy (n = 2), gastroenterostomy (n = 2), subtotal gastrectomy (n = 6), and total gastrectomy (n = 5). There were 4 cases of @entity260 (12.9%) including adhesion ileus (n = 2), wound @entity281 (n = 1), and massive, postoperative UGI @entity548 (n = 1). Surgical mortality was zero. All @entity1 tolerated oral intake well after surgery. During the minimum follow-up period of 1 year, 1 @entity1 developed @entity850 , which was resolved by dilation, and there was 1 case of dumping syndrome, which was treated by diet control. CONCLUSION: Early surgery correction is feasible and safe if @entity1 with isolated @entity356 following acid @entity130 are carefully selected. All @entity1 in our study recovered early, with a low morbidity rate.

title: Early surgical correction for isolated XXXX following acid @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['esophagojejunostomy stenosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stricture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['corrosion injury']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric stricture']


abstract: AIM: We examined whether glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is associated to @entity2998 in an elderly Korean population with normal fasting @entity413 . METHODS: Using data from the Korean Urban Rural Elderly study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1,133 @entity1 (335 @entity1 and 798 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 71.8 years. All @entity1 had fasting blood @entity413 less than 100mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) and @entity4051 c level below 6.5% (48 mmol/mol). They were also free from a history of @entity65 , known @entity6 or use of anti- @entity6 medications. Carotid @entity731 was assessed by @entity121 ( @entity121 ) using ultrasonography. The association between HbA1c and @entity1004 was investigated using multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTS: HbA1c levels were independently and positively associated with @entity1004 (b = 0.020, p = 0.045) after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, @entity412 , LDL @entity165 , smoking and @entity285 intake. However, fasting insulin and @entity413 levels were not associated with @entity1004 . CONCLUSION: HbA1c levels were positively associated with @entity2998 , as assessed by @entity1004 , in an elderly population with normoglycemia. Our study suggested that higher HbA1c level is an effective and informative marker of @entity2998 in an elderly population.

title: Association between HbA1c and @entity2998 among elderly Koreans with normal fasting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid IMT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect risk groups in an increase of early (infectious) syphilis. DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity1 records. METHOD: Data from visitors with an @entity1065 were collected from their respective medical records in the outpatient clinic for @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) of the Academic Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, the Netherlands, over the years 1993-1997. In particular, data on risk behaviour and risk groups were collected. To obtain an indication of the (possible) causes of the increase in the number of visitors with @entity1065 , (shifts in) characteristics of this population over the years were compared. RESULTS: 195 @entity1 with @entity1065 had visited the outpatient clinic, 130 males and 65 females, mean ages ranging from 30.9 (1993) to 38.1 years (1997). Most infected @entity1 (68%) came to the outpatient clinic because of symptoms. The number of @entity1 who came to the outpatient clinic through partner notification increased considerably, from an average of 5% in 1993-1995 to 36% in 1996. Over the years a relative increase of (drug addicted) prostitutes and their clients was observed (1993-1995: 39%; 1996: 56%). CONCLUSION: The cause of the increase, or failure to decrease, of the number of syphilis-infected visitors in the @entity2953 outpatient clinic of the Academic Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt should probably be sought among (drug addicted) prostitutes and their visitors.

title: [Increase of XXXX in Rotterdam (1995-1997): more (addicted) prostitutes and their clients].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STD', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity1065 :: ('MESH:D013587', 'Disease') :: ['early syphilis']

answer: @entity1065 :: (MESH:D013587,Disease) :: ['early syphilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To survey changes in depressive symptoms over time in @entity1 with @entity5 using the Mood Evaluation Questionnaire (MEQ), and explore how effective Palliative Care Professionals (PCPs) are at assessing this. METHOD: Forty-five @entity5 @entity1 were followed monthly for up to six interviews (108 interviews in total). Selected clinical variables were recorded. RESULTS: At first interview, 26 (58%) @entity1 were @entity308 using MEQ, seven (16%) severely. Attrition rates were high, with 28, 13, nine, seven and six @entity1 available for subsequent interviews. A > 12-point increase in MEQ over sequential interviews was associated with reduced survival (Hazard ratio 3.2, CI 1.2-8.4). PCPs recognized @entity308 mood, but underdiagnosed severe @entity308 in 9% of @entity1 (CI 3-16%, P = 0.002). A past history of @entity308 was a strong indicator of current @entity308 mood on the MEQ. CONCLUSION: Change in depressive symptoms over time is related to mortality in this @entity1 cohort, @entity1 with marked deterioration in mood dying earlier. PCPs usually recognize @entity1 ' @entity308 but underestimate the severity of @entity308 mood.

title: XXXX in @entity5 . Part 2. @entity308 over time; the role of the palliative care professional.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive symptoms']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity1971 was performed. OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of intraoperative ultrasound for detecting @entity5 migration and modifying the approach to @entity1971 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Rostral migration of @entity1971 relative to preoperative imaging is well described. The utility of intraoperative ultrasound to identify @entity5 migration and to modify the surgical approach was analyzed. METHODS: The medical records of nine consecutive @entity1 undergoing biopsy or resection of a @entity1971 @entity5 diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging at the authors' institution from January 1994 through December 2000 were reviewed. Four @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity1971 underwent transdural sonography of the intraspinal compartment after initial laminectomy and before durotomy. RESULTS: In three @entity1 , the findings on intraoperative ultrasound showed rostral migration of the lesion with respect to the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, necessitating additional laminectomy and modifying the site of durotomy. One @entity5 had migrated rostrally one full bony vertebral segment, whereas two @entity5 each had migrated one half of a bony vertebral segment. Pathology examination in the three @entity1 whose lesions had migrated rostrally demonstrated a @entity808 in every case. In one @entity1 , intraoperative ultrasound showed no lesion migration with respect to the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, and no modifications to the surgical approach were needed. Pathology examination of this @entity1 demonstrated an @entity424 . CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative ultrasound was useful in documenting rostral migration of @entity1971 , and facilitated appropriate laminectomy and durotomy. The technique may be particularly valuable for @entity808 of the @entity1971 , which seem to have a greater potential for rostral migration.

title: Utility of intraoperative ultrasound for XXXX of the @entity1971 .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina tumors', 'cauda equina']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Late contrast enhancement visualizes @entity583 , but the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) is low using conventional CT. The aim of this study was to determine if spectral CT can improve imaging of @entity583 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A @entity235 model of @entity583 was produced in 8 animals (90-min occlusion, reperfusion). Later, imaging was performed after contrast injection using CT at 90  kVp/150  kVpSn. The following reconstructions were evaluated: Single energy 90  kVp, mixed, @entity1496 map, multiple monoenergetic conventional and monoenergetic noise optimized reconstructions. Regions of interest were measured in @entity1188 and remote regions to calculate contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and Bhattacharya distance (a metric of the differentiation between regions). Blinded assessment of image quality was performed. The same reconstruction methods were applied to CT scans of four @entity1 with known @entity1188 . RESULTS: For animal studies, the highest CNR for @entity1188 vs. myocardium was achieved in the lowest keV (40  keV) VMo images ( @entity12510 .42, IQR 3.64-5.53), which was superior to 90  kVp, mixed and @entity1496 map (p  =  0.008, p  =  0.002, p  <  0.001, respectively). Compared to 90  kVp and @entity1496 map, the 40  keV VMo reconstructions showed significantly higher histogram separation (p  =  0.042 and p  <  0.0001, respectively). The VMo reconstructions showed the highest rate of excellent quality scores. A similar pattern was seen in @entity1 studies, with CNRs for @entity1188 maximized at the lowest keV optimized reconstruction ( @entity12510 .44, IQR 2.86-5.94). CONCLUSIONS: Dual energy in conjunction with noise-optimized monoenergetic post-processing improves CNR of @entity583 delineation by approximately 20-25%.

title: Optimized energy of spectral CT for XXXX imaging: Experimental validation with @entity1 validation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity57993 , a @entity3857 extracted from @entity9052 , inhibits angiogenesis. The combination of low-dose chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic inhibitors suppresses growth of experimental @entity5 more effectively than conventional therapy or anti-angiogenic agent alone. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose @entity136 combined with @entity57993 on angiogenesis and growth of @entity2 in @entity19 . METHODS: C57L/6 @entity19 implanted with @entity2 were randomized into the control, @entity57993 , @entity136 and combination group. The quality of life and survival of @entity19 were recorded. @entity5 volume, inhibitive rate and @entity39 rate were estimated. Necrosis of @entity5 and signals of blood flow as well as dynamic parameters of arterial blood flow in @entity5 such as peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI) were detected by color Doppler ultrasound. In addition, expression of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and @entity5231 were observed by immunohistochemstry, and microvessel density (MVD) of the @entity5 tissues was assessed by @entity5231 immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Quality of life of @entity19 in the @entity57993 and combination group were better than in the control and @entity136 group. Combined therapy with @entity57993 and @entity136 not only enhanced efficacy on suppression of @entity5 growth and prolongation of the survival, but also increased @entity39 rate of @entity5 significantly. In addition, the combination treatment could obviously decrease @entity1611 expression and MVD as well as signals of blood flow and PSV in @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity57993 combined with @entity136 may significantly inhibit angiogenesis and growth of @entity2 and improve survival and quality of life of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . The combination of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs may be an innovative and promising therapeutic strategy in the experimental treatment of @entity1 @entity2 .

title: Inhibitory effect of @entity57993 combined with @entity136 on angiogenesis and growth of XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity57993 :: ('MESH:C097367', 'Chemical') :: ['Ginsenoside Rg3', 'ginsenoside Rg3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['established Lewis lung carcinoma', 'Lewis lung carcinoma', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial cell growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity299 or cardiac wheezing (CW) refers to a syndrome of @entity1353 and wheezing that mimicks @entity565 clinically. Reported herein is the case of a 2-month-old @entity1 who presented with refractory wheezing as a sign of cor triatriatum sinister (CTS) that culminated in overwhelming @entity881 in a short time. On the day of admission, @entity26 saturation (SpO2 ) was <80%. Heart rate was 198   beats/min and respiratory rate 58   breaths/min. Chest radiogram showed @entity3126 . Electrocardiogram showed right @entity1283 and @entity8158 . N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) was very high at >20   000   pg/mL. Two-dimensional echocardiography with Doppler showed CTS, which was complicated with severe @entity120 due to flagrant @entity3885 . Cardiac surgery was undertaken, after which @entity3126 subsided, SpO2 increased to >= 96%, and NTproBNP dropped to normal. He was discharged 11 days later, and was free of @entity16 at 24 month follow up.

title: Wheezing as a sign of cor triatriatum sinister culminating in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac asthma']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ failure']


abstract: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is changing surgical management of @entity0 and pathologic evaluation of lymph nodes. Although it has long been known that lymph nodes contain occult @entity3 , pathologists have not generally pursued their identification. Compared with level I-II axillary dissection, the reduced number of sentinel lymph nodes has made additional evaluation more attractive; however, the consequences of increased detection of micrometastases has not been fully explored or appreciated. National data suggest that the composition of traditional TNM stage groupings is changing, with a recent increase in node-positive, @entity0 , most likely the result of increased pathologic scrutiny. Clinical management of this new group of stage II @entity1 is complicated by the lack of a historic prognostic comparison group because many of these @entity1 would have been classified as stage I, node-negative in the past. Early outcome data in sentinel lymph node biopsy suggest no adverse outcome for @entity1 with @entity3 no larger than 2.0 mm, a finding aligned with the current definition of micrometastasis. When sentinel lymph nodes are sliced at 2.0-mm intervals and totally embedded, the probability of identifying all @entity3 >2.0 mm is high. Using reasonable sampling strategies, minute @entity3 have a nearly equal chance of being missed or detected. New staging guidelines have established a lower limit for micrometastases and defined @entity3 no larger than 0.2 mm as @entity5 cells or @entity5 cell clusters; nodes with @entity5 cells will be classified as node negative (pN0) for stage grouping. Rigorous strategies designed to reliably detect single cells or small cell clusters in sentinel nodes remain time-intensive and cost prohibitive.

title: Sentinel lymph nodes and XXXX : which micrometastases are clinically significant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage II breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate computed tomographic (CT) colonography as a screening tool for average-risk asymptomatic subjects with regard to participation, acceptability, and safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT colonography for @entity14 screening was offered to 2,000 subjects aged 50-54 and 65-69 years. Only asymptomatic subjects at average risk of @entity14 were enrolled. @entity1 underwent CT colonography followed by colonoscopy if CT colonography findings showed any @entity1127 . Acceptability was measured with a 100-point (0, most favorable; 100, least favorable) visual analogue scale (VAS). Chi2 statistic was used to compare participation rates among subgroups. Safety of CT colonography was evaluated by recording all important adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 1,452 subjects were eligible for screening. The adjusted participation rate was 28.4%. Participation was higher in younger subjects and in those from a high socioeconomic region. Major reasons for nonparticipation were insufficient time and perceived good health. Median VAS scores for @entity158 , general satisfaction, embarrassment, and willingness to repeat screening were 13, 6, 8, and 5, respectively. Most subjects found CT colonography better than (60%) or same as (32%) expected. Ninety-three (27.4%) of 340 subjects were referred for colonoscopy, with @entity1127 found in 67 (positive predictive value, 0.73). By adopting criteria that a positive finding at CT colonography is that of a single polyp larger than 5 mm or @entity1127 larger than 2 mm, 14% of CT examinations would have led to colonoscopy; 5.7% of CT findings were false-positive, with no significant @entity1127 . There were no important adverse events related to CT colonography, although four subjects had @entity1163 or presyncope related to bowel preparation. CONCLUSION: Community-based @entity14 screening with CT colonography was accompanied by a participation rate that compares favorably with that of similar screening programs. CT colonography was highly acceptable to @entity1 .

title: XXXX screening with CT colonography in average-risk asymptomatic subjects: community-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['multiple polyps', 'polyps', 'impairment in large polyp detection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous @entity9440 is a rare but known complication of @entity779 . Previously reported cases have occurred early during the course of the disease and most cases have led to a fatal outcome. Here we report a case of spontaneous @entity9440 in a @entity1 with @entity779 , which occurred during the recovery phase of the illness. CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-year-old Sinhalese, @entity3595 Lankan @entity1 presented with a history of @entity221 , @entity925 and @entity391 of 4  days duration. Investigations revealed a diagnosis of @entity779 with no signs of plasma leakage. He was managed in the ward as per local protocol. During the recovery phase the @entity1 developed severe abdominal distention with @entity1457 . Radiology revealed @entity9440 with massive amounts of abdominal free fluid. The @entity1 was resuscitated and Emergency laparotomy with splenectomy was performed. The outcome was excellent with the @entity1 making a complete recovery. CONCLUSION: Although @entity9440 is a known complication of @entity779 it may be manifested late in the disease process. A high degree of suspicion should be maintained and @entity1 must be monitored even during the recovery phase of @entity779 . Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent mortality.

title: Spontaneous @entity9440 during the recovery phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of upfront surgery without neoadjuvant pretreatment on survival in @entity1 with clinically staged locally advanced @entity418 before the new era of neoadjuvant therapy regimes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of @entity1 with clinically advanced @entity418 (cT3) and without neoadjuvant treatment who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) in curative intent between 1992 and 2009. Locally advanced @entity418 was defined based on presurgical computertomography, endoscopy, and endosonography findings as a @entity5 infiltrating the paraesophageal tissue or the adjacent structures, with or without lymph node affection. RESULTS: Histological subtypes included 131 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and 81 @entity420 ( @entity420 ). Complete resection (R0) was achieved in 84.0  % of all 212 @entity1 . Thirty-day mortality rate was 7.1  %. Final pathology revealed 50 @entity1 (23.5  %) with @entity2558 or pT2 @entity189 which were preoperatively overstaged. Median overall survival following TTE for @entity957 was 13.7  months (95  % CI; 10.1-17.2  months) and 24.8  months (95  % CI; 14.5-35.1  months) for @entity420 , respectively (p   =   0.007). The 5-year survival rates were 14  % for @entity957 and 26  % for @entity420 , respectively. In median, 27 lymph nodes were resected. On multivariable analyses, histological type, @entity5 localization, @entity5 grading, and resection status remained independent factors influencing overall survival. CONCLUSION: Our results in the treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 undergoing primary TTE are comparable to the results reported for @entity1 undergoing neoadjuvant chemo-radio-therapy followed by surgery in the pre-CROSS-study era. Histological subtypes show different survival rates and should therefore be separately examined in future trials.

title: Locally Advanced XXXX : Is There Still a Role of Surgery Alone Without Neoadjuvant Treatment?

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'AC']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Carcinoma']


abstract: An automated spectrophotometric (AS) method was used to evaluate the growth-promoting ability of @entity375 extracts (YE) on cultures of @entity9206 and @entity26135 . The AS data were compared to that obtained from classical shake flask fermentations and from 250 ml bioreactors equipped with pH control. In assays involving the evaluation of 26 different commercial YE, maximum growth rate (_(max)) values determined with the AS unit ranged from 0.25 to 0.45 h(-1) for Lb. acidophilus and from 0.10 to 0.40 h(-1) for Lc. @entity26135 . Good correlations were obtained between AS data and manual sampling from the shake flasks or the bioreactors for mmax, as well as maximum optical density (OD(max)). The AS method is thus useful as a screening tool for the selection of YE lots in media formulation. Species reacted differently to the 26 YE, but less variation was observed between strains of the same species. This suggests that a producer of various lactococci or lactobacilli can expect a relatively constant response to a given YE lot between strains of the same species. However, it should not be assumed that the YE having the best growth-promoting properties for Lb. acidophilus will also be the best media supplements for the growth of Lc. @entity26135 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX extracts as growth media supplements for lactococci and lactobacilli by using automated spectrophotometry.

entities_list: @entity26135 :: ('1359', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris', 'cremoris']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: The randomized phase III trial EGF100151 demonstrated that the combination of @entity9433 plus @entity416 (L + C) significantly improved @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) compared with @entity416 alone (C) in heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity1722 + ( @entity1722 +) advanced or metastatic @entity0 . This analysis assessed the effects of study treatments on quality of life (QOL) among @entity1 in EGF100151. Quality of life was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) and EuroQoL (EQ-5D) questionnaires. @entity1 completed questionnaires during efficacy and safety assessment visits (i.e., at screening visit, every 6 weeks for the first 24 weeks, every 12 weeks thereafter, and at discontinuation of study treatment). Primary analyses compared the treatment groups based on change from baseline QOL. Exploratory analyses compared proportion of @entity1 achieving minimum important differences (MID) in QOL scores and the relationship between QOL and @entity5 status. Quality of life for @entity1 in both treatment groups was maintained during 24 weeks of follow-up. Adjusted mean changes from baseline in all QOL scores for the L + C arm were comparable to those for the C arm. The between-group differences ranged from 0.7 to 2.2 (FACT-B total) and 0.3 to 1.8 (EQ-5D visual analog scale) and were consistently in favor of the L + C arm, although not statistically significant. @entity1 with an objective @entity5 response or stable disease showed clinically meaningful differences in QOL scores compared to @entity1 with progressive disease. A greater proportion of @entity1 receiving L + C versus C achieved the MID for all five QOL scores, although differences were not statistically significant. The addition of @entity9433 to @entity416 significantly increases @entity1054 without any evidence of a deleterious effect on @entity1 ' QOL, confirming its clinical benefit in this heavily pretreated @entity1 population with advanced @entity1722 + @entity0 that has progressed on trastuzumab therapy.

title: @entity9433 plus @entity416 versus @entity416 alone for @entity1722 + ( XXXX +) metastatic @entity0 : quality-of-life assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['ErbB2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the impact of adherence to national guidelines for management of @entity497 ( @entity497 ) on @entity1 outcomes. METHODS: Compliance with published national guidelines was assessed. Mortality rate and length of hospital stay were determined. RESULTS: @entity1 who were administered antibiotics within 4 hours of admission had a shorter stay. Those treated at least 8 hours after admission had the highest mortality. Good compliance seen with 1998 guidelines of the @entity166 Society of America declined substantially when 2000 @entity166 Society of America guidelines were evaluated. Pediatric compliance was difficult to evaluate. Documentation of vaccination screening and administration was poor. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic therapy should be started within 4 hours in @entity1 with @entity497 . Using the most recent @entity497 guidelines as a benchmark may lower compliance unless providers are reeducated. National consensus guidelines for @entity4806 @entity1 should be developed. Hospitals should evaluate documentation of vaccine screening and administration and should implement programs to increase vaccination rates if needed.

title: XXXX : compliance with centers for Medicare and Medicaid services, national guidelines, and factors associated with outcome.

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['Community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: The @entity62854 gene of @entity375 was identified initially as a dosage suppressor of the @entity1457 sensitivity associated with overexpression of @entity6774 (J. Kim and S. Powers, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:3894-3904, 1991). Based on its failure to suppress mutationally activated @entity6774 , RPII was proposed to be a negative regulator of the Ras/ @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) pathway that functions at a point upstream of Ras. We isolated @entity62854 as a high-copy-number suppressor of the cell lysis defect associated with a null mutation in the @entity19624 gene, which encodes the mitogen-activated protein kinase of the cell wall integrity-signaling pathway. Although the sequence of Rpil is not informative about its function, we present evidence that this protein resides in the nucleus, possesses a transcriptional activation domain, and affects the mRNA levels of several cell wall metabolism genes. In contrast to the previous report, we found that @entity62854 overexpression suppresses defects associated with mutational hyperactivation of the Ras/ @entity268 pathway at all points including constitutive mutations in the @entity268 -dependent protein kinase. We present additional genetic and biochemical evidence that Rpil functions independently of and in opposition to the Ras/ @entity268 pathway to promote preparations for the stationary phase. Among these preparations is a fortification of the cell wall that is antagonized by Ras pathway activity. This observation reveals a novel link between the Ras/ @entity268 pathway and cell wall integrity. Finally, we propose that inappropriate expression of @entity62854 during log phase growth drives fortification of the cell wall and that this behavior is responsible for suppression of the mpkl cell lysis defect.

title: @entity375 XXXX is a putative transcriptional regulator that contributes to preparation for stationary phase.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity62854 :: (854687(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Rpi1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity519 -inducible factor (HIF) is considered an important transcription factor due to its roles in glycolysis, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and other cellular pathways. It takes the role in various physiological and pathological states, such as @entity5 , @entity1317 , and @entity731 progression. In recent studies, HIF is found as a master regulator of body @entity32 and immunity, not only in @entity519 but also in normoxia. @entity32 has a close relationship with @entity519 . But the role of HIF in @entity32 is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the Pubmed using the key words: " @entity519 -inducible factor" and "nasal" or " @entity519 -inducible factor", and reviewed the related articles. RESULTS: HIF is composed of HIF-a and HIF-b subunits. HIF-a is an adjusting relational subunit, which is divided into three subtypes: @entity7738 , @entity2032 , and @entity19249 . @entity7738 is the key component and best understood. @entity7738 can be activated under @entity519 conditions or by various cytokines and growth factors. @entity7738 accumulation is critical for sustaining @entity1 allergic effector cell survival and function. The level of @entity7738 is increased in the @entity1 with @entity2023 and become a new therapeutic target. @entity7738 also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity91 and @entity1127 formation. Some research found that the expression of @entity7738 was increased in @entity91 with @entity1127 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7738 takes an important role in @entity2023 and chronic @entity1244 . It will be a key therapeutic target of these diseases in the future.

title: The role of XXXX inducible factor in nasal @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal inflammation', 'inflammation', 'nasal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'anoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesion']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Late fetal and adult livers are reported to contain bipotential liver stem/progenitor cells (LPCs), which share surface markers, including @entity27947 ( @entity27947 ), with cholangiocytes and differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. However, recent results do not necessarily support the idea that LPCs contribute significantly to cellular turnover and regeneration by supplying new hepatocytes. Here, we examined the colony-forming capability of @entity27947 (+) cells isolated from @entity19 livers between E17 and 11   weeks of age. We found that the number of bipotential colonies was greatly reduced between 1 and 6   weeks, indicating that the number of LPCs decreases during postnatal development. Moreover, bipotential colonies derived from adult LPCs contained substantially fewer albumin(+) cells than those from neonatal LPCs. We further examined the differentiation potential of neonatal and adult LPCs by transplantation and found that neonatal cells differentiated into mature hepatocytes in recipient livers more frequently than adult LPCs. Since we previously reported that the transcription factor @entity64951 ( @entity64951 ) expressed in @entity27947 (+) cells inhibits hepatocytic differentiation, we examined whether targets of @entity64951 might block hepatocytic differentiation. DNA and microRNA microarrays revealed that @entity34396 , the expression of which correlates with hepatocytic differentiation, was greatly reduced in adult as compared with neonatal @entity27947 (+) cells. Indeed, @entity64951 negatively regulates the promoter/enhancer activity of the @entity34396 gene. Our results indicate that neonatal but not adult @entity27947 (+) LPCs have great potential to produce albumin(+) hepatocytes. @entity64951 suppresses transcription of @entity34396 and thereby restricts the differentiation potential of adult LPCs.

title: Downregulation of @entity34396 by XXXX restricts the hepatocytic differentiation potential of adult liver progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity27947 :: ('17075(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epithelial cell adhesion molecule', 'EpCAM']

answer: @entity64951 :: (252973(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['grainyhead-like 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) represent the largest group of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They may show @entity146 , in contrast to other @entity5 . Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is frequently used to characterize @entity5 . With the introduction of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) into EUS (CE-EUS), distinct enhancement patterns can be detected. In the presented study, the characteristic features of CE-EUS in @entity677 are analyzed and compared with those of other @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 from four centers with @entity5 of the upper and middle GI tract were included and received endoscopic or transcutaneous CEUS. The results were compared with EUS-guided tissue acquisition, forceps biopsy, or surgical resection. RESULTS: Forty-two out of 62 (68%) @entity1 had @entity5 of the stomach, 17/62 (27%) of the small intestine, 2/62 (3%) of the esophagus, and 1/62 (2%) extraintestinal. Eighty-one percent underwent surgery. @entity2909 was found in 5/62 (8%) and @entity677 in 57/62 @entity1 (92%). Thirty-nine out of 57 (68%) @entity1 had @entity75 in the stomach, 17/57 (30%) had @entity677 of the small intestine, and 1/57 (2%) @entity1 had extraintestinal @entity674 . @entity677 size was 62.6    42.1 (16-200) mm. Hyperenhancement had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 98%, 100%, 100%, 93%, and 98% for the diagnosis of @entity677 . Fifty out of 57 @entity1 with @entity677 (88%) showed avascular areas in the center of the lesions. CONCLUSION: CE-EUS and CEUS show @entity2530 in a high percentage of @entity677 but not in @entity2909 . Thus, @entity677 and @entity2909 can be discriminated accurately.

title: Contrast-enhanced (endoscopic) ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound elastography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['malignant behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['subepithelial tumors', 'SET']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['GIST lesions']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['hyperenhancement and avascular areas']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recognition of the @entity5 during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) can be very difficult and currently a robust method of margin assessment for the surgical setting is not available. As a result, @entity5 -positive margins, which require additional treatment, are not found until histopathologic evaluation. With @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), tissue can be characterized during surgery based on optical parameters that are related to the tissue morphology and composition. Here we investigate which optical parameters are able to detect @entity5 in an area with a mixture of benign and @entity5 tissue and hence which parameters are most suitable for intra-operative margin assessment. @entity1893 spectra (400-1600  nm) were obtained from 16 ex vivo lumpectomy specimens from benign, @entity5 border, and @entity5 tissue. One mastectomy specimen was used with a custom-made grid for validation purposes. The optical parameter related to the absorption of fat and water (F/W-ratio) in the extended near-infrared wavelength region (~1000-1600  nm) provided the best discrimination between benign and @entity5 sites resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 100  % (excluding the border sites). Per @entity1 , the scaled F/W-ratio gradually decreased from grossly benign tissue towards the @entity5 in 87.5  % of the specimens. In one test case, based on a predefined F/W-ratio for boundary tissue of 0.58, @entity1893 produced a surgical resection plane that nearly overlapped with a 2-mm rim of benign tissue, 2  mm being the most widely accepted definition of a negative margin. The F/W-ratio provided excellent discrimination between sites clearly inside or outside the @entity5 and was able to detect the border of the @entity5 in one test case. This work shows the potential for @entity1893 to guide the surgeon during BCS.

title: Fat/water ratios measured with XXXX to detect breast tumor boundaries.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse reflectance spectroscopy', 'DRS']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['diffuse reflectance spectroscopy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whole-grain intake has been shown to be inversely associated with cardiovascular events, but an association with @entity731 is less well established. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the association of whole-grain intake with carotid @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) and @entity1004 progression in a multiethnic cohort. DESIGN: This study evaluated 1178 @entity1 in the @entity2690 Resistance @entity731 Study. Baseline whole-grain intake was estimated on the basis of intake of dark breads, cooked cereals, and high-fiber cereals assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Bilateral carotid @entity1004 was evaluated ultrasonographically, yielding 16 @entity1004 measures at baseline and year 5. Multivariate models evaluated the independent association of whole-grain intake with common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity1004 and @entity1004 progression. RESULTS: The cohort had a mean (+/-SD) age of 55.2 +/- 8.4 y and was 56% female. The baseline median whole-grain intake was 0.79 servings/d. Whole-grain intake was inversely associated with @entity1004 (beta +/- SE: -0.043 +/- 0.013, P = 0.005) and @entity1004 progression (beta +/- SE: -0.019 +/- 0.011, P = 0.09) in models adjusted for demographics, energy intake, energy expenditure, @entity65 risk factors, and medication use. This association was less significant for ICA @entity1004 (beta +/- SE: -0.049 +/- 0.023, P = 0.05) and not significant for @entity1004 (beta +/- SE: -0.013 +/- 0.014, P = 0.35). The relation between whole-grain intake and @entity1004 remained significant after adjustment for mediating pathways (lipids, adiposity, and @entity2690 resistance), nutrient constituents, and a principal components-derived healthy dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Whole-grain intake is inversely associated with @entity1004 , and this relation is not attributable to individual risk intermediates, single nutrient constituents, or larger dietary patterns.

title: Whole-grain intake and carotid artery @entity731 in a multiethnic cohort: the @entity2690 Resistance XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['intimal medial thickness', 'ICA IMT progression', 'IMT', 'CCA IMT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The prognosis of @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is poor and the pathogenesis of @entity788 -associated @entity6 is unknown. We investigated the possible expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in @entity1 @entity3123 and adjacent pancreatic islets to gain a better understanding of these diseases. METHODS: We employed immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization to examine IgG expression in @entity788 tissues and adjacent islets with and without @entity5 -associated @entity6 . The IgG mRNA and IgG synthesizing-related enzymes were examined in @entity788 cell lines. The IgG expression and secretion were downregulated with specific small interfering RNA and antibody to IgG followed by flow cytometry to assess its effect on apoptosis of cultured @entity788 cells. RESULTS: The expression of IgG was detected in @entity3123 and adjacent islets. Small interfering RNA and antibody treatments induced apoptosis in @entity788 cell lines. In the @entity189 tissue, the levels of IgG expression varied depending on the stages of the @entity5 with more @entity5 expressing more IgG (P < 0.05). The IgG levels in @entity5 cells were also increased when the @entity1 had @entity6 or @entity4854 (P < 0.05). In addition, the extent of IgG expression in the seemingly normal islet cells adjacent to the @entity5 varied in relation to the grade of @entity5 differentiation and distance to the @entity5 nests. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Immunoglobulin G was locally produced by @entity788 cells and adjacent islet cells. (2) Immunoglobulin G may promote @entity5 growth by inhibiting @entity5 cell apoptosis. (3) Locally produced IgG might play a role in @entity788 -associated @entity6 .

title: Pancreatic Expression of Immunoglobulin G in @entity1 @entity788 and Associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignant cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Photoselective laser vaporization of the prostate ( @entity12468 ) is one of the most popular techniques of treatment of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). The aim of this study was to assess the risk of thermal damage to the external urethral sphincter during @entity12468 at distal part of prostatic urethra. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 66 @entity1 submitted to @entity12468 with 80-W Green Light Laser were randomly assigned to receive standard @entity12468 only (group A) or @entity12468 in proximal part followed by transurethral resection in distal part of prostatic urethra (group B). Primary end-points of the study assessed at baseline, 24 hours and 8 weeks after the surgery were: urinary continence, urinary flow (Qmax), post void urine retention (PVR), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: Per protocol analysis was eventually performed in 60 @entity1 . Study groups did not differ in age, preoperative continence, values of Qmax, PVR, IPSS, QoL, or the rate of complete urinary retention (p >0.05). During the 8-week follow-up no @entity1 reported @entity322 , while decrease in IPSS (16.3 vs. 14.9, p >0.05), QoL improvement (4.7 vs. 4.7, p >0.05), increase in Qmax (18.2 vs. 17.4, p >0.05) were similar in both study groups. @entity1 assigned to group B were more likely to have @entity548 complications (85.2% vs. 18.2%), including @entity1 requiring transfusion (14.8% vs. 0%). Moreover, postoperative catheterization time was shorter in group A (29.1 hrs vs. 37.2 hrs, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Laser vaporization for treatment of @entity1067 is safe and effective, with no significant effect on the risk of @entity322 in comparison to traditional methods.

title: A prospective, randomized trial comparing the use of KTP (GreenLight) laser versus electroresection-supplemented laser in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) are chronic and progressive inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. In @entity8787 , protein serological biomarkers could be relevant tools for assessing disease activity, performing early-stage diagnosis and managing the treatment. Using the @entity1618 knockout ( @entity1618 (-/-)) @entity19 , a model that develops a time-dependent @entity8787 that predominates in the colon; we performed longitudinal studies of circulating protein biomarkers in @entity8787 . Circulating protein profiles in serum samples collected from 30-, 93-, to 135-day-old @entity1618 (-/-) @entity19 were investigated using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and MALDI- @entity215 / @entity215 tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 15 different proteins were identified and confirmed by ELISA and Western blot to be differentially accumulated in serum samples from mid- to late-stage @entity1618 (-/-) @entity19 compared to early non-inflamed @entity1618 (-/-) @entity19 . The use of another model of @entity1960 and an extra-intestinal @entity32 model validated this biomarker panel and demonstrated that comprised some global inflammatory markers, some intestinal @entity32 -specific markers and some chronic intestinal @entity32 markers. Statistical analyses using misclassification error rate charts validated the use of these identified proteins as powerful biomarkers of @entity1960 . Unlike standard biomarker screening studies, our analyses identified a panel of proteins that allowed the definition of protein signatures that reflect @entity1960 status. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ) are the most common @entity29 ( @entity29 ) occurring in @entity1 . The major current diagnosis tool is colonoscopy, which is invasive and could lead to false diagnosis. The emergence of serological biomarkers enables the use of new diagnosis tools such as protein signatures for @entity8787 diagnosis/management. Using 2D-DIGE coupled to mass spectrometry, our longitudinal study in a @entity19 model of @entity1960 identified a signature of protein biomarkers for specific stages of disease.

title: Longitudinal study of circulating protein biomarkers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBDs', 'inflammatory bowel diseases', 'Inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity8787 :: ('MESH:C535541', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'IBD-like disorder']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']