abstract: In two sequential trials, 154 @entity1 were treated with dosages of @entity1260 , ranging between 8 and 18 g/m2 divided over 4 days, with mesna uroprotection. The first was a phase II efficacy trial in 125 advanced @entity242 @entity1 (Antman et al: J Clin Oncol 7:126-131, 1989), while the second was a dose escalation trial involving 29 @entity1 (Elias et al: J Clin Oncol 8:170-178, 1990). In the first trial, @entity1 received 8 to 10 g/m2 @entity1260 either by bolus or continuous infusion. The response rate for the 64 @entity1 receiving bolus administration was 23% compared with 12% for the 60 @entity1 receiving a continuous infusion schedule (P = .09). Of the 154 @entity1 , 144 had @entity242 and had failed at least one previous regimen. Of these 144, 4% responded completely and 23% had a complete or partial response. The maximum tolerated dose of @entity1260 was 16 g/m2 in the second trial. Dose-limiting @entity8 was observed at 18 g/m2 @entity1260 (Elias et al: J Clin Oncol 8:170-178, 1990). The duration of myelosuppression and the frequency and severity of @entity33 and @entity8 were dose-dependent. A median of 11 days (range, 8 to 18) of @entity3028 (less than 500/microL) were observed. Thus, autologous bone marrow reinfusion was not required. Severe @entity149 (transient @entity911 , @entity1833 , and somnolence) was observed sporadically at both low- and high-dose levels. The first four @entity1 on the standard-dose study did not receive mesna because it was unavailable; three developed gross @entity811 . In @entity1 who received mesna, @entity811 was uncommon. @entity811 in the group as a whole was significantly associated with a lack of uroprotection, but was not associated with prior @entity786 , pelvic radiotherapy, age, or bolus versus a continuous infusion schedule. @entity1 receiving @entity1260 with mesna uroprotection can tolerate considerable dose escalation over the usual prescribed doses before nonhematologic @entity137 becomes dose-limiting. @entity1260 , with its broad activity in solid @entity5 , may prove to be an important addition to high-dose combination-chemotherapy regimens (Elias et al: J Clin Oncol 8:170-178, 1990).

title: @entity1260 and mesna: response and XXXX at standard- and high-dose schedules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular acidosis', 'renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria', 'Hematuria']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ) was recently linked to pathogenesis of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), but its relation to disease activity has not been well characterized. We examined the relation between serum levels of Th17 ( @entity4155 , @entity4452 ), @entity1198 (IL-12, interferon-y), Th2 ( @entity688 , @entity650 , @entity3646 ) cytokines and disease activity in @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: Serum cytokines were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Disease activity was determined by @entity1252 activity index (SLEDAI), anti-dsDNA antibody, and C3 and C4 levels. RESULTS: Serum levels of @entity4155 (p < 0.001), @entity650 (p = 0.006) and @entity688 (p < 0.001) were higher in @entity1252 @entity1 (n = 70) compared to healthy controls (n = 36). Higher serum @entity4452 level was found in @entity1 with active disease with cutaneous manifestations (p = 0.004) and @entity11534 (p = 0.04) compared to those without. Serum @entity4155 level above the detection limit was more frequently found in @entity1 who had active @entity1988 (11/23, 47.8%) (p = 0.002), nonrenal active disease (9/15, 60%) (p = 0.001), and inactive lupus (21/32, 65.6%) (p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls (0%). Serum @entity4155 levels were otherwise comparable between these 3 groups of @entity1 and were not related to SLEDAI, glomerular filtration rate, activity or chronicity score and ISN/RPS criteria class among @entity1 with active @entity1988 . There was no significant correlation between serum @entity4155 / @entity4452 and @entity1198 or Th2 cytokine levels. CONCLUSION: @entity1252 @entity1 had higher serum @entity4155 levels than healthy controls. Elevated serum @entity4452 was found in @entity1 with inflammatory manifestations including cutaneous involvement and @entity11534 . The lack of correlation between Th17, @entity1198 , and Th2 cytokines suggested independent regulatory mechanisms for these cytokines.

title: The relation of XXXX ( @entity4155 ) and @entity4452 to @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines and disease activity in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'SLE disease']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['interleukin 17']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Time-to-treatment of @entity5 is becoming a serious political and social issue. A greater understanding of the timeframes involved in @entity5 care is needed to reduce inequalities in access to care caused by delays. OBJECTIVE: To describe time delays in each phase of @entity2 treatment after bronchoscopy. METHOD: Using the international classification of diseases and medical procedures codes, from national hospital discharge database we selected @entity1 newly diagnosed for @entity2 in 2009-2010 who had undergone treatment. RESULTS: We included 14,596 @entity1 . Median times from bronchoscopy to 1) neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and to surgery in @entity1 with surgical pathway were 34d (Q25=22; Q75=47) and 44d (Q25=26; Q75=82), respectively, 2) chemotherapy and to radiotherapy in @entity1 with non-surgical pathway, were 33d (Q25=22; Q75=49) and 88d (Q25=46; Q75=162) respectively, 3) first treatment irrespective of pathway and treatment combination was 34d (Q25=22; Q75=50). Time to first treatment was significantly higher with age and with the status of the first care center. It was longer in most northern regions and in overseas districts and shorter in southern and eastern regions of the country. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study based on medico-administrative database describing time to first treatment after bronchoscopy in @entity1 suffering from @entity2 in France. It could inform decision-making on guidelines on times to @entity2 treatment.

title: Timing in initiating XXXX treatment after bronchoscopy in France: Study from medico-administrative database.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'access lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity9756 ions play important roles in biological systems. The inhalation of @entity9756 can cause severe @entity1576 , anaphylactic reaction and extreme @entity591 . @entity9756 can replace @entity460 in organisms, inhibit normal @entity460 absorption and induce @entity9756 "rickets" in childhood. Thus, the development of sensitive and selective methods for the determination of trace amounts of @entity15410 in aqueous media is of considerable importance for environmental and @entity1 health protection. A number of methodologies, such as X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry, inductively coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and instrumental thermal neutron activation analysis, have been reported. However, these methods are somewhat complex, costly, time consuming and, especially, need special instruments. Thus, the design of convenient and inexpensive approaches for the sensitive and selective detection of @entity15410 with rapid, easy manipulation is in ever-increasing demand. To the best of our knowledge, using DNA conformational change to detect @entity15410 has not yet been reported. Herein we utilized @entity6548 orange (TO) as a signal reporter to devise a simple @entity15410 detection assay based on @entity15410 induced @entity1 telomeric DNA conformational change in the presence of SWNTs. The limit of detection is 10 nM @entity15410 (0.87  g @entity5022 ), far below 4 mg @entity5022 , the U.S. Federal threshold in drinking water defined by the U.S. EPA.

title: @entity1 telomeric G-quadruplex formation and highly selective fluorescence detection of toxic XXXX ions.

entities_list: @entity6548 :: ('CHEBI:43732', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazole']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['Strontium', 'strontium']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory difficulties']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity9756 :: (MESH:D013324,Chemical) :: ['strontium']


abstract: @entity75 can be increasingly recognized in @entity1 suffering from intractable focal @entity302 using high-resolution imaging techniques. @entity302 surgery has become a successful treatment option for many of these @entity1 . A broad spectrum of @entity6795 ( @entity6795 ) can be histopathologically identified in resective surgical brain samples. Here, we discuss neuropathological findings and available classification systems in @entity1 and adult @entity1 . Particular emphasis will be paid to the classification system for @entity10067 ( @entity10067 ), which can be histopathologically distinguished as type I and II. Also mild forms of cortical @entity600 (mMCD) may be present, including heterotopic neurons in white matter location. However, different cohorts of @entity302 @entity1 may present with similar histopathological findings and clinico-pathological correlations are not always comparable with respect to outcome prediction. We will, therefore, discuss also the difficulties to classify some @entity10067 variants. Notwithstanding, the underlying pathomechanisms in all @entity10067 entities need to be specified. A comprehensive approach taking all currently available data into consideration will be mandatory to further develop our current understanding of FCDs, and to continuously improve our concept for a reliable classification system.

title: XXXX and @entity302 : neuropathological findings with emphasis on focal @entity6795 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Structural brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of cortical development', 'MCD']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['FCD', 'focal cortical dysplasias']

answer: @entity6795 :: (MESH:D054220,Disease) :: ['Malformations of cortical development']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of clinically diagnosed @entity774 ( @entity774 ), clinical features and age at first presentation. To assess the potential benefit of newborn screening for @entity774 . DESIGN: Active surveillance through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit of all @entity1 aged under 16 years with newly diagnosed @entity774 , undertaken prospectively between August 2007 and August 2009. Twelve laboratories testing for @entity774 reported new diagnoses between August 2007 and January 2009. Reporting clinicians completed clinical questionnaires. SETTING: England, Wales and Scotland. RESULTS: 144 @entity1 with @entity774 were reported, of whom 132 (92%) had 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Thirty-six (25%) @entity1 were Asian and 62 (43%; 95% CI 35% to 51%) were @entity1 . Incidence of new diagnoses in @entity1  <= 16 years was 0.60 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.71) per 100,000. Eighty-six (59%; 36 @entity1 ) @entity1 were diagnosed in the first year of life (estimated birth prevalence 5.48 (95% CI 4.42 to 6.81) per 100,000), most (77; 89%) of whom presented in the first month of life. Virilised genitalia were found in three-quarters of @entity1 . Twenty-seven newborns first presented with salt-wasting crises, of whom 18 (67%; 16 @entity1 ) presented on or after 14 days of age. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one @entity1 in every 18 000 born in Great Britain has @entity774 . Similar numbers of @entity1 and @entity1 present clinically in the first year of life, but @entity1 present with more severe manifestations, such as salt-wasting crises. Around 70% of newborns who first present with salt-wasting crisis would be detected earlier through newborn screening.

title: Incidence and clinical features of XXXX in Great Britain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'CAH']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ), bursts of generalized spike and wave discharges (GSWDs) lasting > or =2 seconds are considered @entity2048 . The location of the @entity2048 generators in @entity3762 is thought to involve interplay between various components of thalamocortical circuits; we have recently postulated that medication resistance may, in part, be related to the location of the GSWD generators [Szaflarski JP, Lindsell CJ, Zakaria T, Banks C, Privitera @entity601 . @entity302 Behav. 2010;17:525-30]. In the present study we hypothesized that @entity1 with medication-refractory @entity3762 (R- @entity3762 ) and continued @entity2048 may have GSWD generators in locations other than the thalamus, as typically seen in @entity1 with @entity3762 . Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the location of the GSWD generators in @entity1 with R- @entity3762 using EEG/fMRI. Eighty-three @entity1 with @entity3762 received concurrent EEG/fMRI at 4 T. Nine of them (aged 15-55) experienced @entity2048 during EEG/fMRI and were included; all were diagnosed with R- @entity3762 . Subjects participated in up to three 20-minute EEG/fMRI sessions (400 volumes, TR=3 seconds) performed at 4 T. After removal of fMRI and ballistocardiographic artifacts, 36 @entity2048 were identified. Statistical parametric maps were generated for each of these sessions correlating @entity410 to BOLD response. Timing differences between brain regions were tested using statistical parametric maps generated by modeling @entity410 with onset times shifted relative to the GSWD onsets. Although thalamic BOLD responses peaked approximately 6 seconds after the onset of @entity2048 , other areas including the prefrontal and dorsolateral cortices showed brief and nonsustained peaks occurring approximately 2 seconds prior to the maximum of the thalamic peak. Temporal lobe peaks occurred at the same time as the thalamic peak, with a cerebellar peak occurring approximately 1 second later. Confirmatory analysis averaging cross-correlation between cortical and thalamic regions of interest across @entity410 corroborated these findings. Finally, Granger causality analysis showed effective connectivity directed from frontal lobe to thalamus, supporting the notion of earlier frontal than thalamic involvement. The results of this study support our original hypothesis and indicate that in the @entity1 with R- @entity3762 studied, @entity2048 may be initiated by widespread cortical (frontal and parietal) areas and sustained in subcortical (thalamic) regions, suggesting that the examined @entity1 have cortical onset @entity302 with propagation to thalamus.

title: Cortical and subcortical contributions to XXXX onset examined with EEG/fMRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsies', 'IGEs', 'IGE']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence seizure']


abstract: Transit time, as estimated from the passage through the gut of an isotope (131I)-containing capsule, was studied in 10 constipated, geriatric in- @entity1 on a bulk laxative regimen and during treatment with @entity3505 bran. The @entity1 received a conventional bulk laxative (Vi-Siblin, 6 g twice daily) during a period of 8 weeks. The bulk laxative was then replaced by bran (10 g twice daily) during the following 8-week period. Measurements of transit time were taken after 4 and 6 weeks on each regimen. The mean transit time was 126 h for the bulk laxative regimen and 89 h for the bran treatment, the difference being statistically significant. The decrease in transit time for the bran treatment was essentially due to a faster passage through the rectosigmoid part of the bowel. Less additional laxative therapy was needed during bran treatment than during the bulk laxative treatment. The favourable properties of bran may tentatively be explained by the effects remaining in the distal part of the colon. A slight but significant lowering of the serum @entity460 level and a significant increase of the total @entity68 -binding capacity of the serum were found after 7 weeks of bran administration, whereas no change was observed after 42 weeks. No significant change was demonstrated in serum @entity68 during bran treatment.

title: Transit time in constipated geriatric XXXX during treatment with a bulk laxative and bran: a comparison.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Background @entity6313 is a common disease; topical treatment is usually poorly effective, while systemic treatment is more effective but may be associated with side-effects. Iontophoretic drug delivery may improve drug penetration through the nail and lead to better therapeutic results. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of topical treatments with @entity8974 @entity5828 delivered with or without an iontophoretic patch in @entity1 with @entity6313 of the toenails. Methods @entity1 enrolled into the study were divided randomly into two groups. Group A was treated with @entity8974 and an iontophoretic patch (at a constant current density of 100 microA cm(-2)). Group B was treated with @entity8974 without iontophoresis. Treatment was overnight wear, every day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. Follow-up period was 8 weeks from the end of treatment. Results A significant clinical response was recorded in @entity1 of group A (active group). The percentage of @entity1 having healthy toenail growth of more than 1.5 mm at the end of treatment was 40% compared with 11% in @entity1 treated with @entity8974 without current (passive group). The percentage of @entity1 having fungal elements (KOH) in nail specimens decreased significantly at 8 weeks following the completion of treatment: 16% in the active group vs. 53% in the passive group. @entity1 in the active group reported a tingling sensation that is expected when using an iontophoretic drug delivery treatment. Conclusions The delivery of @entity8974 under an electrical current of 100 microA cm(-2) appears to be efficacious and safe and is well tolerated for the treatment of nail @entity6313 .

title: Iontophoretic delivery of XXXX in @entity6313 : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['Onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

answer: @entity8974 :: (MESH:C041359,Chemical) :: ['terbinafine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the @entity137 of concurrent weekly @entity900 and radiation therapy (RT) for locally advanced cervical @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 2001 and December 2004, 21 consecutive previously untreated @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity5 were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) at the Tokushima University Hospital. Clinical stages were II: 5, III: 15, @entity3480 : 1. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was delivered with 10 MV X-rays, 2 Gy fraction per day; total dose to the whole pelvis was 50 Gy. Iridium-192 @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) intracavitary radiation therapy was performed with 10-30 Gy (median, 24 Gy) targeted at point A. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of @entity900 , administered weekly at a dose of 40 mg/m2 for @entity1 who were younger than 65 years and 30 mg/m2 for those 65 years or over. A maximum single dose of @entity900 , up to 70 mg/body, was administered in 5 cycles during EBRT. RESULTS: A total of 86 cycles of @entity900 were administered to the 21 @entity1 , with a median of 4 cycles (range, 2-5). Severe @entity1503 occurred in 18 @entity1 (86%), including grade 3 in 17 @entity1 (81%) and grade 4 in one @entity1 (4.8%). Moderate or severe @entity344 occurred in 11 @entity1 (52%), including grade 2 in 10 @entity1 (48%) and grade 3 in one @entity1 (4.8%). The grades of @entity1503 were significantly greater in the 40 mg/m2 group than in the 30 mg/m2 group. All of the @entity1 who were administered 40 mg/m2 of @entity900 developed grade 3 or greater @entity1503 , including one @entity1 with grade 4 @entity137 . In the 30 mg/m2 group, 3 of 10 @entity1 developed less than grade 3 @entity137 , and all @entity1 completed radiation therapy without interruption. CONCLUSION: The incidence of severe acute @entity1503 was significantly higher in this study than in previously reported randomized controlled trials (RCTs), especially in the group of 40 mg/m2 @entity900 . A dose of 30 mg/m2 of @entity900 was considered to be feasible in weekly @entity900 and radiation therapy.

title: XXXX : @entity137 of concurrent weekly @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Chemoradiation therapy for cervical cancer']


abstract: There is controversy about whether the lack of response of some @entity1118 to opioid treatment is absolute or relative. It is widely believed that nociceptive @entity158 is responsive to opioids whereas @entity9 tends not to be. We have used a method of @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) with simultaneous nurse-observer measurement of analgesia, mood, and adverse effects to address these issues. Ten @entity1 with @entity1118 were given @entity1286 at two concentrations (10 and 30 mg/ml) by PCA in two separate sessions in a double-blind randomised crossover study. Before the study a clinical judgment was made as to whether each @entity158 was nociceptive or @entity1109 . Seven @entity1 showed good analgesic responses (more than 70 mm @entity158 relief on a visual-analogue scale) of @entity158 at rest, two @entity1 poor responses (less than 30 mm @entity158 relief), and one a moderate response with both concentrations (30-70 mm @entity158 relief). The response to @entity1286 was consistent (greater and faster relief with the higher concentration) in nine @entity1 . Two @entity1 had @entity158 on movement that responded moderately to low-concentration @entity1286 and well to the higher concentration. All @entity1 with @entity158 judged to be nociceptive showed good analgesic responses compared with half of those with @entity9 . There was no evidence that analgesic responses in @entity1 with @entity9 were due to changes in mood. This PCA method is a quick and efficient tool to determine the consistency of the analgesic response. Such consistency can guide the clinician as to whether continued or higher-dose opioid treatment will produce good analgesia. An inconsistent response points to the use of other @entity158 -relieving strategies.

title: XXXX responsiveness of @entity1118 : double-blind randomised crossover study with @entity1 -controlled analgesia.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to analyse the macrophage subpopulations involved in the uptake of endotoxin in the liver. The results show that in normal B10.D2 @entity19 the liver macrophages constitute a heterogeneous population of cells which, depending on their state of differentiation, are distinguished by their differential distribution in the liver acinus and by their ability to phagocytose latex. Following the intravenous administration of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide = @entity558 ) from Salmonella abortus equi, endotoxin-carrying non-parenchymal cells of the liver (NPLC) were investigated immunohistochemically (in situ) and immunocytochemically (after isolation) between 1 h and 14 days after the injection. The endotoxin content of the blood and of isolated NPLC was also determined, using radioactivity labeled @entity558 . Following @entity558 injection, the total number of macrophages in the liver increased, reaching a maximum after 3 days. There was a striking increase in the ratio of mature to immature macrophages. After day 3, the number of macrophages decreased again, returning to the pre-injection values by day 14. 1 h after the administration of @entity558 , 41% of the isolated NPLC were already endotoxin-positive, a percentage which remained constant until the 3rd day. Thereafter, the number of @entity558 -bearing cells increased to a maximum of about 52% on the 5th day. This increase mostly involved macrophages which had taken up endotoxin. Concurrent with these changes there was a threefold increase in radioactivity-labeled @entity558 from the 7th h to the 5th day after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of macrophages in the uptake of endotoxin by the XXXX liver.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effectiveness and durability of the leaflet extension technique for correction of @entity337 ( @entity337 ) and the long-term clinical results. METHODS: Between March 1995 and August 2004, 41 consecutive @entity1 were included. The mean age was 32.2 +/- 13.9 years. The causes of @entity337 were rheumatic in 31 @entity1 (75.5%), @entity179 @entity1 (4.9%), bicuspid aortic valve in 4 @entity1 (9.8%), @entity884 in 1 @entity1 (2.4%), and congenital in 3 @entity1 (7.3%). Leaflet extensions were performed in three leaflets for 32 @entity1 , two leaflets for 3 @entity1 , and only one leaflet for 6 @entity1 . The mean follow-up duration was 92.9 +/- 48.4 months. RESULTS: There were no early deaths and 2 late deaths. One @entity1 died of @entity5 and the other @entity1 died of @entity884 . The cardiac-related mortality was 2.4% (1 of 41 @entity1 ). During a mean follow-up of 7 years, severe @entity337 was detected in 1 @entity1 and moderate @entity337 in 6 @entity1 (17.0%; 7 of 41 @entity1 ). The causes of recurrent @entity337 were @entity884 in 3 @entity1 , disease progression in 3 @entity1 , and Beh  et's diseases in 1 @entity1 . We performed 6 reoperations (14.6%), 3 in @entity1 owing to @entity884 , 2 in @entity1 owing to disease progression, and 1 in a @entity1 owing to the suture dehiscence associated with Beh  et's disease. The cumulative survival was 92.6% at 13 years. Freedom from recurrent @entity337 was 97.5% at 5 years, 81.7% at 10 years, and 68.1% at 13 years. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term durability of the leaflet extension technique was acceptable. The reoperations increased with time, but pericardial leaflet dysfunction was not the cause.

title: Long-term results of the leaflet extension technique in XXXX : thirteen years of experience in a single center.

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative in 2']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The efficacy of @entity134 administration before planned tracheal extubation in critical care @entity1 remains controversial with respect to the selection of @entity1 most likely to benefit from this treatment. METHODS: We performed an extensive literature search for adult trials testing @entity230 versus placebo to prevent reintubation or laryngeal dyspnoea. Studies were evaluated on a five-point scale based on randomisation, double-blinding and follow-up. Our analysis included trials having a score three or higher with @entity1 mechanically ventilated for at least 24 hours and treated with @entity230 before extubation, taking into account the time of their administration (early vs late) and if the population selected was at risk or not. RESULTS: Seven prospective, randomised, double-blinded trials, including 1846 @entity1 , (949 of which received @entity230 ) were selected. Overall, @entity230 significantly decreased the risk of reintubation (relative risk (RR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41 to 0.81; number-needed-to-treat (NNT) = 28, 95% CI = 20 to 61) and stridor (RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.87; NNT = 11, 95% CI = 8 to 42). The effect of @entity230 on reintubation and stridor was more pronounced for selected high-risk @entity1 , as determined by a reduced cuff leak volume (RR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.72; NNT = 9, 95% CI = 7 to 19; and RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.63; NNT = 5, 95% CI = 4 to 8, respectively). In contrast, @entity134 benefit was unclear when trials did not select @entity1 for their risk of reintubation (RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.45 to 1.00; NNT = 44, 95% CI >/= 26 to infinity) or stridor (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.20 to 1.55). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of @entity230 to prevent stridor and reintubation was only observed in a high-risk population, as identified by the cuff-leak test and when it was administered at least four hours before extubation. The benefit of @entity230 remains unclear when @entity1 at high risk are not selected.

title: Effects of XXXX on reintubation and post-extubation stridor in adults: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: We examined bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell data from 19 @entity1 with a @entity358 presenting clinical, radiologic, functional, and course characteristics of drug-associated @entity401 . In each of them, one of 13 different drugs was incriminated and no other cause was found. In one case due to @entity1732 , a neutrophil and eosinophil @entity3794 was present. In the other 18, the common denominator was a lymphocyte @entity3794 , either pure (n = 6) or associated with @entity4795 (n = 5), @entity1712 (n = 3), or @entity4795 and @entity1712 (n = 4). In addition, in all @entity1 , an inverted @entity404 / @entity405 lymphocyte ratio was observed. In eight @entity1 who underwent another BAL, lymphocyte @entity3794 decreased but was persistent in two of them two to four months after cessation of treatment with the drug incriminated, whereas @entity401 had resolved clinically. In five @entity1 , after resolution of @entity55 and after an almost normal BAL cell profile was obtained, resumption of treatment with the suspected drug for two to four weeks induced a rise in lymphocyte population in a third BAL. In conclusion, apart from one case of @entity1732 lung, the most striking feature of drug-associated @entity3794 in this series was expansion of lymphocyte population and imbalance in lymphocyte subsets. When a provocation test was performed, variations in alveolar lymphocyte levels paralleled withdrawal and readministration of the drug responsible for @entity3794 . These data could be of value in diagnosing and understanding drug-induced @entity358 .

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage cell data in 19 XXXX with drug-associated @entity55 (except amiodarone)

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disorder', 'lung disorders']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity18202 and @entity18202 expansum are the most devastating pathogens of citrus and pome fruits, respectively. Whereas @entity18202 is a very specific pathogen that only infects Citrus fruits, P. expansum has a broader host range but has not been reported to be infectious in Citrus. To determine the responses of fruits and the infection capacities of both moulds, two varieties of oranges at different @entity2175 stages, different inoculum concentrations and two different storage temperatures were studied. In compatible interactions, no significant differences in rot dynamics among harvests were found with a 10(7) conidia mL(-1) inoculum concentration at both temperatures tested (20   C and 4   C). However, at other inoculum concentrations, significant differences in rot dynamics were found, especially in immature fruits. Incompatible interactions showed that P. expansum could infect oranges at commercial @entity2175 in both tested varieties. Decay incidence and severity were higher at 4   C than at 20   C. In addition to infection capacity studies, histochemical tests were performed to detect wound-healing compounds for both pathogens. A positive reaction for lignin was detected for both pathogens in immature oranges over a short period (48 h). In all cases, no reactions were found in control samples. Our results indicate that pathogen concentration, host @entity2175 and storage temperature can play important roles in the defence mechanisms of fruit. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first work that demonstrates that P. expansum can infect oranges under favourable conditions.

title: Infection capacities in the orange-pathogen relationship: compatible ( @entity18202 ) and incompatible ( XXXX expansum) interactions.

entities_list: @entity18202 :: ('36651', 'Species') :: ['P. digitatum', 'Penicillium', 'Penicillium digitatum']

answer: @entity18202 :: (36651,Species) :: ['Penicillium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Outcome expectancy is recognized as a determinant of exercise engagement and adherence. However, little is known about which factors influence outcome expectations for exercise among @entity1 with @entity626 . This is the first study to examine the association of outcome expectations for exercise with demographic, physical and psychosocial outcomes in individuals with @entity626 . METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from a randomized trial of Tai Chi versus physical therapy in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity626 . Knee @entity158 was evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) @entity571 Index. Outcome expectations for exercise, self-efficacy, @entity308 , @entity148 , stress, and social support were measured using standard instruments. @entity2357 models were utilized to determine associates of outcome expectations. RESULTS: There were 262 @entity1 with a mean age of 59.8 years, BMI 32.1 kg/m(2) , 69.1% female, 51.5% white, mean disease duration 8.6 years, and mean WOMAC knee @entity158 and function scores of 260.8 and 906.8, respectively. Higher outcome expectations for exercise were associated with greater self-efficacy (odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.11-1.41; P=0.0004) as well as with @entity308 (OR 0.84 for each 5-point increase, 95% CI 0.73-0.97; P=0.01). Outcome expectancy was not significantly associated with gender, race, education, @entity158 , function, radiographic severity, social support, @entity148 , or stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest significant associations between outcome expectations for exercise and self-efficacy and @entity308 . Future studies should examine how these @entity3057 affect long-term clinical outcomes of exercise-based treatment for @entity626 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Outcome Expectations and XXXX : Perceived Benefits of Exercise Are Associated with Self-Efficacy and @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['less depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['relationships longitudinally']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) are a versatile tool for high-throughput protein screening, allowing qualitative analysis of a large number of samples on a single slide. We have developed a customizable @entity3145 system that uniquely utilizes cryopreserved @entity1 cardiac samples from both @entity712 and donor @entity1 to produce @entity406 -fixed paraffin embedded sections. Confirmatory upstream or downstream molecular studies can then be performed on the same (bio-banked) cryopreserved tissue. In a pilot study, we applied our @entity3145 to screen for the expression of @entity8825 ( @entity8825 ), a member of the four-and-a-half LIM family. This protein has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity712 in a variety of animal models. While @entity8825 is abundant in the heart, not much is known about its expression in @entity1 @entity712 . For this purpose, we generated an affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal anti-human @entity8825 antibody. Our @entity3145 allowed high-throughput profiling of @entity8825 proteinusing qualitative and semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry that proved complementary to Western blot analysis. We demonstrated a significant relative reduction in @entity8825 protein expression across different forms of @entity1 @entity712 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX ( @entity3145 ) profiling in @entity1 @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['Tissue MicroArrays', 'TMA', 'TMAs']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity8825 :: ('2274', 'Gene') :: ['four-and-a-half LIM-domain 2', 'FHL2']

answer: @entity3145 :: (MESH:D017695,Disease) :: ['Tissue microarray']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the long-term clinical results of spot scanning proton therapy (PT) in the treatment of @entity1653 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity1653 (histologically proven 34/39) were treated with PT between July 1997 and January 2010. Thirty-two (82.1%) @entity1 were treated as primary treatment (exclusive PT, n = 8; postoperative PT, n = 24). Mean age was 48.3    17.9 years and 32 (82.1%) @entity1 had skull base lesions. For @entity1 undergoing surgery, 24 @entity1 had a diagnosis of World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I and 10 of a WHO @entity1653 , respectively. The female-to-male ratio was 3.3. The median administered dose was 56.0 Gy (relative biologic effectiveness [RBE]) (range, 52.2-66.6) at 1.8-2.0 Gy (RBE) per fraction. Gross @entity5 volume (GTV) ranged from 0.76 to 546.5 cm(3) (median, 21.5). Late @entity137 was assessed according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Mean follow-up time was 62.0 months and all @entity1 were followed for >6 months. RESULTS: Six @entity1 presented with @entity5 recurrence and 6 @entity1 died during follow-up, of which 4 of @entity5 progression. Five-year actuarial local control and overall survival rates were 84.8% and 81.8%, respectively, for the entire cohort and 100% for benign histology. Cumulative 5-year Grade >= 3 late @entity137 -free survival was 84.5%. On univariate analysis, LC was negatively influenced by WHO grade (p = 0.001), GTV (p = 0.013), and male gender (p = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS: PT is a safe and effective treatment for @entity1 with untreated, recurrent, or incompletely resected @entity1653 . WHO grade and @entity5 volume was an adverse prognostic factor for local control.

title: Spot scanning-based proton therapy for XXXX : long-term results from the Paul Scherrer Institute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'Grade II/III meningioma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['intracranial meningioma']


abstract: In a prospective pilot study 21 @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with polychemotherapy and Hyaluronidase combined with radiation. With the exception of one @entity1 , who refused laryngectomy, all @entity1 were inoperable. Chemotherapy consisted of 5 mg @entity7324 on day 1 and 80 mg/m2 @entity900 on day 2. 200,000 U Hyaluronidase were given by infusion over 20 min prior to @entity7324 and @entity900 . Radiation in fractions of 2 Gy a day was administered 12 times per cycle (day 3-5, 8-12 and 15-18). Treatment was repeated on day 22 and 43. Total radiation dose was 72 Gy. Side-effects were mainly of local character (moderate severe @entity33 in 7, mild @entity33 in 14 @entity1 ). No severe systemic @entity137 was seen. Complete remission was noted in 17 out of 21 @entity1 . 16 @entity1 are now a life without progression. 1 @entity1 in complete remission died 5 months after therapy due to @entity55 without evidence of @entity5 . The mean time of follow up is 16 months (range 3-42). The preliminary results suggest that combined therapy with @entity7324 , @entity900 , Hyaluronidase and Radiation is well tolerable and highly effective against @entity957 of the @entity135 .

title: [ @entity900 , @entity7324 and hyaluronidase combined with simultaneous radiotherapy of advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['Vindesine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['advanced squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity2316 is generally based, rather than on histological confirmation, on clinical criteria (long history of @entity6 , presence of @entity644 , @entity6 or @entity1897 ). This clinical approach has perhaps limited utility in DM2 @entity1 , because only 50% of them show microvascular complications in presence of @entity8 . Eco-colour-Doppler sampling of interlobular renal arteries and determination of their resistance indices (RI), was proposed in the differential diagnosis of numerous @entity8 . Aim of this study was to evaluate whether RI can be useful in discerning @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ), in order to better define indications to perform renal biopsy among @entity3918 @entity1 . All @entity1 were submitted to: echo-colour-Doppler study of renal vessels; systematic screening for @entity6 ; needle renal biopsy. RI resulted to be significantly higher in @entity6 ( @entity24575 ) group as compared with @entity2316 group, while no significant difference was found with respect to NDRDs overlapping @entity24575 (overlapping group). The last one showed however median RI significantly higher than isolated @entity2316 group. Normalized chi square Pearson for the hypothesis that RI can predict @entity24575 resulted 0.73, while it resulted 0.43 for the hypothesis that @entity6 can predict @entity24575 . Echo-colour-Doppler can significantly contribute, more than the other parameters proposed (nephritic or @entity1985 , @entity811 , @entity6 ), to the identification of underlying @entity8 in DM2 subjects. In the light of our experience, it seems that the detection of RI values > 0.72 suggests the diagnosis of @entity24575 or mixed forms, reducing the indications to renal biopsy only in presence of values < 0.72.

title: Indication to renal biopsy in DM2 XXXX : potential role of intrarenal resistive index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulosclerosis', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'NDRD', 'non-diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuric DM2']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because wide resections and extensive lymphadenectomies are usually not required, the laparoscopic approach has been considered reasonable for @entity674 ( @entity674 ) of gastric origin and has been reported with increased frequency. However, its long-term oncologic outcome has not been fully assessed. METHODS: We reviewed 67 consecutive @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic (LAP) or traditional open (OPEN) resection of gastric @entity674 from January 1993 to May 2004. RESULTS: There were 39 LAP and 28 OPEN cases. One LAP case was converted to open (2.6%). @entity1 in both groups had comparable backgrounds. @entity5 location, size, and risk classification were similar. There was no difference in operating time and @entity190 . Five @entity1 (one in LAP and four in OPEN) showed recurrence and/or @entity3 after a median followup period of 26 months. @entity5 enucleation resulted in a higher recurrence rate in both groups: one after three enucleations in LAP and two after six in OPEN. In cases with @entity5 that were larger than 5 cm, laparoscopic manipulation became technically challenging, although no recurrence was noted in this subgroup. Overall recurrence rate was comparable in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery is oncologically justified for gastric @entity674 , while its indication should be carefully discussed for cases with bulky and high-risk @entity5 . @entity5 enucleations should be avoided whichever approach (open/laparoscopic) is selected.

title: Surgical strategy for gastric XXXX : laparoscopic vs. open resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11367 ( @entity11367 ) resulting from traumatic @entity397 (TDR) may not be easily detected and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective case note analysis was performed of all @entity1 treated for TDR at a major teaching hospital between March 2003 and March 2008. The aetiological factors, associated injuries, management and outcome were analysed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were studied (24 males, 3 females) and their ages ranged from 16 to 72 years (median 35 years). TDR was left-sided in 85% and right-sided in 15%. Aetiology was blunt @entity130 in 81% and 19% had @entity2982 . @entity1317 were present in 81%. The most common approach for repair was transabdominal (89%); additional thoracotomy was needed in 11%. Herniation of abdominal contents was present in 85% and herniation of more than one organ was present in 57%. The diaphragmatic rent was repaired primarily in 89% using nonabsorbable sutures. Post-operative @entity358 occurred in 52% of @entity1 . Three @entity1 (11%) died. CONCLUSION: Left-sided blunt traumatic @entity397 was more common than right-sided @entity397 . The most commonly herniated organs were the stomach and colon. Most @entity397 could be repaired by an abdominal approach, which also allowed a complete exploration of the abdominal organs. Careful attention should be given to associated intra-abdominal injuries. Most of the defects were repaired directly using nonabsorbable sutures.

title: XXXX : tertiary centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11367 :: ('MESH:D006549', 'Disease') :: ['TDH', 'Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injury']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'diaphragmatic rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Associated injuries']

answer: @entity11367 :: (MESH:D006549,Disease) :: ['Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The small intestinal epithelium is highly sensitive to radiation and is a major site of injury during radiation therapy and environmental overexposure. OBJECTIVE: To examine probiotic bacteria as potential radioprotective agents in the intestine. METHODS: 8-week-old C57BL/6 wild-type or knockout @entity19 were administered probiotic by gavage for 3 days before 12 Gy whole body radiation. The intestine was evaluated for cell-positional apoptosis (6 h) and crypt survival (84 h). RESULTS: Gavage of 5*10    @entity1905 (LGG) improved crypt survival about twofold (p<0.01); the effect was observed when administered before, but not after, radiation. @entity558 ( @entity558 ) from LGG improved crypt survival (1.95-fold, p<0.01), and both LGG and LGG- @entity558 reduced epithelial apoptosis particularly at the crypt base (33% to 18%, p<0.01). LGG was detected in the distal ileal contents after the gavage cycle, but did not lead to a detectable shift in bacterial family composition. The reduction in epithelial apoptosis and improved crypt survival offered by LGG was lost in @entity5001   /   , @entity8932   /    and @entity1996   /    (COX-2) @entity19 but not @entity1990   /    @entity19 . LGG administration did not lead to increased jejunal COX-2 mRNA or @entity1421 levels or a change in number of COX-2-expressing cells. However, a location shift was observed in constitutively COX-2-expressing cells of the lamina propria from the villi to a position near the crypt base (villi to crypt ratio 80:20 for control and 62:38 for LGG; p<0.001). Co-staining revealed these COX-2-expressing small intestinal lamina propria cells to be mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS: LGG or its @entity558 reduce radiation-induced @entity130 and improve crypt survival. A @entity8932 / @entity5001 signalling mechanism leading to repositioning of constitutive COX-2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells to the crypt base is invoked.

title: XXXX probiotic protects intestinal epithelium from radiation injury in a @entity8932 / @entity1996 -dependent manner.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1905 :: ('568703', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial injury']

answer: @entity1905 :: (568703,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The relationship between pregnancy outcome and expression of the @entity1457 proteins (hsps) or @entity11217 ( @entity11217 ), @entity31677 ( @entity2285 ), and 90kD ( @entity4041 ) in placental tissue and circulating antibodies to hsps was evaluated. METHOD: Expression of @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 in placentae from 12 @entity1 with @entity600 , eight with @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ), and 10 with term birth, as well as the presence of the corresponding antibodies, was investigated by a new @entity18788 double fluorescence technique. Results were compared with microbiological findings and circulating antibodies to hsps in sera. RESULTS: In each placental specimen examined, @entity11217 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 were identified. However, @entity2285 -antibody complexes were detected in only four of the @entity3152 cases. Similarly, @entity11217 -antibody complexes were detected in only five @entity3152 @entity1 and in one @entity1 with @entity1592 . None of the placentae contained @entity4041 -antibody complexes. In the @entity600 group, all @entity1 with @entity11217 -antibody complexes were also positive for circulating antibodies to @entity11217 . The presence of @entity2285 -antibody complexes also correlated with @entity2285 antibody in sera. CONCLUSIONS: Formation of @entity11217 - and @entity2285 -antibody complexes in the placenta may contribute to the induction of @entity600 . @entity1 sensitized to these antibodies may be at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcome.

title: XXXX proteins and @entity1457 protein-antibody complexes in placental tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity18788 :: ('CHEBI:52218', 'Chemical') :: ['carbocyanine']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity11217 :: ('3329', 'Gene') :: ['hsp60', 'hsp-antibody complexes of 60kD']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat shock']


abstract: @entity521 is the most common extracranial solid @entity5 in @entity1 . Mild @entity101 is a frequent symptom, presumably an effect of @entity2661 that @entity5 release. Reported herein is the rare occurrence of severe @entity101 and subsequent @entity712 attributable to @entity10163 . A 3-year-old @entity1 presented with anterior chest wall protrusion. Physical examination revealed severe @entity101 , and left-sided @entity712 was evident by echocardiography. @entity5733 metabolite ( @entity1063 ) levels were increased in serum (>2,000 pg/mL) and in urine (1,350.5   g/day). Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a 7 cm solid mass arising from right adrenal gland. Oral @entity5333 was given for hemodynamic stabilization, and right adrenalectomy was performed to remove an apparent @entity1911 . Ultimately, the pathologic diagnosis was @entity6012 . Both @entity101 and @entity712 resolved postoperatively.

title: @entity521 masquerading as XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity6012 :: ('MESH:D018305', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity10163 :: ('MESH:D000307', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal gland neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: Phrenic nerve @entity912 frequently follows operations on the neck such as resection of a cervical or first rib. It all too often passes unrecognised or is incorrectly treated, leading to permanent @entity358 which may be severe enough as to result in a functional pneumonectomy. This is particularly unfortunate since the @entity2895 is usually temporary. Three case histories are described of reversible @entity912 of the phrenic nerve in which, due to prompt diagnosis, the ensuing lung changes were either prevented or immediatley treated. Intermittent assisted respiration with a Monaghan respirator was used to provide nebulised inhalations of Mesna several times a day. The method is applicable via a tracheostomy, an endotracheal tube or a simple mouthpiece. The latter is illustrated. The therapy is not hindered by immobilisation of the head and neck and the level of consciousness of the @entity1 is of no importance. Many chest X-rays demonstrate the rapid clearing of the lungs achieved. All three @entity1 were discharged with perfectly normal lungs.

title: The prevention of irreversible lung changes following reversible XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung damage']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['phrenic nerve paralysis']

answer: @entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['phrenic nerve paralysis']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: @entity1 with central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 have a substantial risk for developing both @entity3459 . The risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is substantially higher in these @entity1 , both in the perioperative period and throughout their disease course. @entity1 with @entity149 harbor a @entity49 , which predisposes to @entity1211 , as do postoperative immobility, @entity1269 , and other factors. The management of @entity1211 in these @entity1 is complex, given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with @entity548 . In the past, the perceived risk of @entity932 limited the use of anticoagulation for the management of @entity1211 with many favoring nonpharmacologic methods for prophylaxis and treatment. Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters have since lost favor at many centers given significant complications, which appear to be more frequent in @entity1 with @entity149 . Recent studies have demonstrated safe and efficacious use of anticoagulation in these @entity1 with a low incidence of @entity932 . Treatment of established @entity1211 is now recommended in this population with many centers favoring low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) versus oral @entity1229 for short- or long-term treatment. We advocate a multimodality approach utilizing compression stockings, intermittent compression devices, and heparin in the perioperative setting as the best proven method to reduce the risk of @entity1211 . In the absence of a strict contraindication to systemic anticoagulation, such as previous @entity932 or profound @entity882 , we recommend LMWH in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1211 and a @entity149 .

title: The therapeutic management of bleeding and thrombotic disorders complicating CNS XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intratumoral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS malignancy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['latent hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic and bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been shown that @entity1 with a first @entity385 are at high risk of developing recurrent @entity64 due to carotid @entity731 . However, no one has defined the difference in plaques between initial and recurrent @entity64 . This study sought to investigate the characteristics of carotid plaque between @entity1 with first-time and recurrent acute @entity385 by using MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine @entity1 with recent acute @entity385 were recruited. All subjects underwent carotid high-resolution black-blood MR imaging. The index carotid arteries, defined as the arteries responsible for the @entity64 , were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Carotid plaque burden and compositional features between @entity1 with first-time and recurrent @entity385 were compared. RESULTS: Of 89 recruited @entity1 , 51 had first-time @entity64 and 38 had recurrent @entity64 . The mean WA, @entity7097 , and @entity122 were greater in @entity1 with recurrent @entity64 than in @entity1 with first-time @entity64 (all, P < .05). Compared with @entity1 with first-time @entity64 , those with recurrent @entity64 showed significantly higher prevalence of @entity730 (44.7% versus 23.5%, P = .035) as well as a larger volume of LRNC (179.14    254.81 mm(2) versus 71.65    111.15 mm(2), P = .027). IPH or fibrous cap @entity397 or both were observed in 15.8% of @entity1 with recurrent @entity64 and 3.9% of @entity1 with first-time @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Carotid plaques in @entity1 with recurrent @entity385 are significantly aggravated compared with those in @entity1 with first-time @entity64 , and monitoring carotid plaques in @entity1 with @entity64 by MR imaging may be helpful for secondary @entity64 prevention.

title: Comparison of carotid atherosclerotic plaque characteristics by high-resolution black-blood MR imaging between @entity1 with first-time and recurrent acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'initial stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Since 1985, 57 @entity1 with @entity7145 and gastroesophageal (GE) junction have undergone surgical resection. In this group, 16 of the @entity5 arose in a @entity355 . There was a significant predilection toward white @entity1 above the age of 55 (15/16; 94%) in this subgroup. The mean proximal extent of abnormal columnar involvement was 5.4 cm above the gastroesophageal junction (range 2.5 to 11 cm). The mean location of the @entity5 centered in the distal esophagus 1.8 +/- 0.5 cm above the gastroesophageal junction. During the same time period, 30 @entity1 with @entity355 were seen without associated @entity420 . There were no statistical differences in the proximal extent of columnar involvement or the presence of reflux symptoms between the two groups. There were no significant differences in age, smoking history, and @entity167 consumption between @entity1 with benign or @entity355 as compared to those with @entity420 not associated with @entity355 . The marked male predominance seen in the group with @entity355 was in contrast to the benign cases (16/30; 53%) but was similar to the @entity420 group, without recognized @entity355 (38/41; 93%). The mean location of the @entity5 in the latter was 0.9 +/- 1.2 cm above the gastroesophageal junction and was comparable to the location in the group with @entity420 . The 4-year survival rate of @entity1 in the non- @entity420 group is approximately 30%. Of those with @entity420 , the present 4-year survival rate is 60%. The demographic and morphometric similarities between the Barrett's and non- @entity420 groups may be of primary importance in determining the true clinical prevalence of @entity420 . Our findings suggest that the sensitivity of endoscopic surveillance may be improved if biopsy specimens are concentrated within the distal 3 cm of the esophagus and the esophagogastric junction. Finally, the reason for the current difference in survival between the Barrett's and non- @entity420 groups is uncertain but may be related to endoscopic surveillance permitting earlier diagnosis and treatment.

title: XXXX and @entity7145 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's mucosa", "malignant Barrett's esophagus", "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction', "Barrett's adenocarcinoma", 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: PURPOSE The purpose of this trial was to assess the efficacy of @entity2213 in @entity1 with one of 10 different subtypes of advanced @entity242 . @entity1 AND METHODS Eligible @entity1 were treated daily with @entity2213 dosed at 300 mg twice a day (for body-surface area > or = 1.5 m(2)). The primary end point was response (clinical benefit response [CBR]), defined as complete (CR) or partial response (PR) at 2 months, or stable disease, CR, or PR at 4 months. Rules for early termination within each disease type were based on a Bayesian hierarchical probability model (BHM) accounting for correlation of the responses of the 10 subtypes. Available tissue samples were analyzed for molecules within the @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ) signal transduction pathway. Results One hundred eighty-five assessable @entity1 with one of 10 subtypes of @entity242 were treated. One CR and three PRs were achieved. A CBR was achieved in 28 @entity1 treated overall and by subtype: two @entity5426 (n = 16), 0 Ewing (n = 13), one @entity1492 (n = 12), six @entity1822 (n = 29), seven @entity1821 (n = 31), three malignant @entity82 (n = 30), five @entity421 (n = 27), one @entity808 (n = 7), 0 @entity980 (n = 2), and three @entity1352 (n = 22). Variable expression and mutations within the KIT/ @entity3820 pathway were observed. CONCLUSION This is the first phase II study of a new agent in @entity242 to include sufficient @entity1 with each of the common histologic subtypes to permit generalizable conclusions. The BHM is an effective method for studying @entity395 and their subtypes, when it is reasonable to assume that their response rates are exchangeable. Although rare dramatic responses were seen, @entity2213 is not an active agent in advanced @entity242 in these subtypes.

title: Phase II multicenter trial of XXXX in 10 histologic subtypes of @entity242 using a bayesian hierarchical statistical model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral-nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytomas']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR', 'KIT/platelet-derived growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: The prognostic value of information derived from clinical characteristics and exercise treadmill tests performed before discharge and repeated at three months was evaluated in 205 consecutive @entity1 followed for five years. Recurrent @entity583 , unstable @entity951 and mortality were tabulated. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier life-table method and the @entity797 regression model. The major difference between the predischarge and three month intervals was the failure of exercise-induced ST @entity308 to predict mortality from the predischarge test. However, it was predictive of mortality at three months when 76% survived five years with a positive @entity63 response compared to 94% with a negative response (P less than 0.0005). In contrast, resting ST @entity308 of at least 1 mm was associated with a very poor five year survival rate of 58.3% and 50% when assessed at both predischarge and three months (P less than 0.0005 and P less than 0.004, respectively). Selected univariately at the predischarge interval, the following characteristics were ranked in descending order of predictive power for five year mortality by discriminant analysis: history of previous @entity1188 ; exercise capacity; and ST @entity308 on resting ECG greater than 1 mm. At three months, the same characteristics were selected. However, recurrent @entity1188 were not predictable at either interval by any clinical or treadmill variable. Characteristics tending to reflect poor exercise capacity are stronger predictors of five year outcome than exercise-induced @entity63 . While predischarge exercise testing for ST segment response failed to predict survival, this variable showed improved predictive power with repeat testing at three months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Importance of timing of treadmill predictors for risk stratification after XXXX : a five year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction and unstable angina', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity20803 , a new broad-spectrum oral @entity5898 , is composed of cis and trans isomers in an approximate 90:10 ratio. The pharmacokinetics of a single oral 1000-mg dose of @entity20803 were evaluated in 6 healthy subjects and 24 @entity1 with various degrees of @entity8 . Six of these subjects were studied both while receiving hemodialysis and during an interdialytic period. Plasma, urine, and hemodialysate that were collected at predetermined times were analyzed for concentrations of the cis and trans isomers of @entity20803 using reverse-phase HPLC assay with UV detection. The maximum plasma concentration of the cis isomer ranged from 12.3 micrograms/mL in subjects with normal renal function to 36.7 micrograms/mL in hemodialysis @entity1 . Similarly the area under the plasma concentration-time curve and the elimination half-life increased from 46 micrograms.h/mL to 373 micrograms.h/mL and from 1.72 hours to 5.94 hours, respectively. Renal clearance of the cis isomer decreased from 198 mL/min in normal subjects to 19 mL/min in volunteers with @entity1011 clearances of less than or equal to 30 mL/min; there was a strong correlation (r2 greater than or equal to .93) between the renal clearance of the cis isomer and @entity1011 clearance. Urinary recovery of the cis isomer decreased from 57% in those with normal renal function to 24% in the group with a @entity1011 clearance of less than or equal to 30 mL/min. Hemodialysis decreased the half-life of the cis isomer to 2 hours and removed approximately 55% of it from the body during a 3-hour dialysis period (hemodialysis clearance equaled approximately 87 mL/min). The pharmacokinetics of the trans isomer were similar to those observed for the cis isomer and were affected similarly by declining renal function. A reduction in dosage is recommended in @entity1 with a @entity1011 clearance of 30 mL/min or less. It may be necessary to administer a dose after hemodialysis to maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations.

title: Pharmacokinetics of @entity20803 in healthy subjects and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity20803 :: ('MESH:C052018', 'Chemical') :: ['cefprozil', 'Cefprozil']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal impairment']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ), commercially available as iv or oral @entity205 , is a potent immunosuppressant which can induce dose-related nephrotoxocity. In addition, the iv product contains a solubilizing agent, Cremophore EL, which in itself is reported to be nephrotoxic and can induce, in sensitized @entity1 , anaphylactic reactions. Solubilization of @entity870 with liposomes or lipid emulsions could provide a suitable alternative dosage form for iv administration. With this in mind, male New Zealand white @entity95 were given iv @entity870 (10 mg/kg) in three different dosage forms: (1) @entity870 :liposomes; (2) @entity870 :Intralipid ( @entity1460 oil and phospholipids); and (3) the commercially available @entity205 ( @entity205 ). The @entity870 concentration in whole blood samples was analyzed by HPLC. The terminal disposition half-life of @entity870 (t1/2 beta) ranged from 400 to 475 min and was not statistically different among the three groups. However, the distribution characteristics of @entity870 changed dramatically depending on the dosage form. The volume of distribution of @entity870 at steady state (Vdss) in @entity205 was 2.7 +/- 0.2 L/kg and was significantly lower than that of either Intralipid (10.6 +/- 2.7 L/kg) or liposomes (7.4 +/- 2.3 L/kg). A significantly lower @entity348 ( @entity348 ) of @entity870 also was seen for @entity205 (12.7 +/- 0.3 mL/min/kg) as compared with that of either Intralipid (24.4 +/- 8.2 mL/min/kg) or liposomes (18.9 +/- 3.9 mL/min/kg). Since @entity870 is extensively bound to lipoproteins, it is surprising that both test vehicles showed a different distribution pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pharmacokinetics of two alternative dosage forms for XXXX : liposomes and intralipid.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Sandimmune', 'Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total body clearance', 'TBC']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: The preputial is an @entity342 -dependent structure which appears to be used in pheromonal signalling in @entity35 and @entity19 . The structure of representative glands from intact oil injected male laboratory TO strain @entity19 was contrasted with tissue from intact counterparts treated with the anti- @entity342 @entity3429 (CA). Sixteen days of an i.m. application of a modest range of CA doses (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/day given as oily solutions) and a variety of control treatments were used to assess influences on the structure and function of the preputial. The glands of intact male @entity19 treated with oil were well-developed and actively secreting with parenchymatous acini at different stages of maturation. Such glands are generally highly Sudanophilic, with the lipophilic stain concentrated in acini in frozen sections and many acini are compressed by their neighbours to assume irregular shapes. Wax and frozen preputial sections from intact subjects treated with 0.5 or 1.0 mg CA were, in contrast, less well-developed and had fewer and smaller lipid droplets. Treatment of counterparts with 2 mg CA reduced acinar number and diameter in both wax and frozen sections with a concomitant increase in the proportion of connective tissue. The data confirm that this anti- @entity342 antagonizes the @entity342 secreted by the testis and adrenal cortex in terms of its expression of function on the preputial gland. These data provide further evidence that @entity3429 's suppressive actions on @entity19 @entity146 are primarily via its ability to depress the secretion of odour cues that facilitate attack.

title: Effects of different doses of @entity3429 (CA) on preputial gland structure and activity in intact male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4997 is a distinct type of pure @entity444 characterized by a 46 XY karyotype in female phenotypic @entity1 . It shows an abnormality in testicular differentiation. It is usually revealed by primary @entity2588 . The @entity5 that usually develops in @entity4997 is @entity5712 . Although @entity5712 is considered benign, the risk of @entity2971 development is high. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this report is to stress on the risk of occurrence of @entity2971 on these dysgenesic gonads. CASE REPORT: We present the clinical, sonographic and endocrine findings in the case of a 13 year-old phenotypic young @entity1 with a 46 XY karyotype and @entity444 . The @entity1 underwent surgery for adnexal torsion. An examination of the gonads revealed @entity5712 associated to @entity5000 . The treatment and the follow up are detailed. CONCLUSION: The presence of Y chromosome in the karyotype of a @entity1 presenting a @entity444 must lead to prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy in order to avoid a malignant transformation. Gonadectomy must be followed by a hormone replacement therapy.

title: 46 XY pure @entity444 with @entity5712 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumors', 'malignant germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity4997 :: ('MESH:D006061', 'Disease') :: ['Swyer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity5000 :: (MESH:D004407,Disease) :: ['dysgerminoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/GOAL: Despite the fact that @entity4263 for @entity1517 is widely accepted, the optimal timing is still a matter of controversy. The presented study compares the clinical and radiological results of early vs. late @entity4263 at the distal radius to evaluate the influence of timing. @entity1 AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 34 consecutive @entity1 with extraarticular malaligned @entity174 of the distal end of the radius who underwent @entity4263 . Early correction was performed in 14 @entity1 (10 - @entity1 and 4 @entity1 with an average age of 48  18 years) at an average of 8  3 weeks (range, 3-13) after the injury, late correction in 20 @entity1 (16 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , average age of 54  19 years) at an average of 52  46 weeks (range, 24-229) -after the injury. The demographic data of the groups were statistically identical. Preoperatively and at the recent follow-up the range of motion of the wrist (ROM) and grip strength were recorded as well as @entity158 at rest and activity (visual analogue scale), DASH score and radiological data. A conclusive evaluation was performed by the modified Mayo wrist score for the recent follow-up after 24  10 (6-44) (early correction) vs. 21  10 (8-56) (late correction) months. RESULTS: All osteotomies healed uneventfully. Early corrections required significantly less bone-grafting. The comparison of the pre- and postoperative data in the early corrrection group showed an improvement of all parameters, that was significant in four parameters. The comparison of the pre- and postoperative data in the late correction group showed an improvement of all parameters, that was significant in 5 parameters. The comparison of the postoperative data revealed nearly identical results in both groups for all parameters including the modified Mayo wrist score. CONCLUSION: The general improvement stresses the value of both, early and late reconstruction. Although no statistical difference was detectable early @entity4263 seems to be recommendable in early presenting @entity1 , in order to avoid bone-grafting. In later presenting cases we recommend observation and return after 6 months in the case of persistent @entity158 or disability. Nevertheless, the time choice of @entity4263 remains an individual decision in all @entity1 .

title: [The XXXX - early or late correction?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['corrective osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity1517 :: ('MESH:D017759', 'Disease') :: ['malunited distal radius fractures']

answer: @entity1517 :: (MESH:D017759,Disease) :: ['malunited distal radius fracture']


abstract: In the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (PAG), endogenous pathways which dampen pain transmission can be activated by either opioids or excitatory @entity1522 such as @entity1024 ( @entity143 ). The effects of these ligands may converge, because @entity1286 -produced @entity1337 in the PAG can be blocked by @entity143 receptor antagonists. To determine the relationship between the subcellular sites where opioid ligands of the @entity6253 ( @entity6253 ) and @entity143 receptor ligands may act, we studied the ultrastructural distribution of immunolabeling for @entity6253 and the R1 subunit of the @entity143 receptor ( @entity6806 ) in the ventrolateral PAG. @entity6253 labeling was most commonly distributed along extrasynaptic regions of the plasma membrane of neuronal dendrites (80% or 245/306). In addition, @entity6253 labeling was found presynaptically in axon terminals (13% or 39/306) which preferentially formed symmetric (inhibitory-type) synapses. @entity6806 immunoreactivity was also prevalent in dendrites (72% or 242/335), but in contrast to @entity6253 , was usually associated with a subset of postsynaptic densities. Axon terminals (5%, 17/335) and glial processes (18%, 61/335) comprised the remainder of @entity6806 -labeled profiles. There was a striking colocalization of @entity6253 and @entity6806 labeling within dendrites. The majority of @entity6806 -labeled dendrites contained @entity6253 labeling (72%, 176/242) and likewise, the majority of @entity6253 -labeled dendrites contained @entity6806 labeling (72%, 176/245). Thus, mu opioid and @entity143 receptor ligands may act at several overlapping subcellular sites to modulate behaviors subserved by the ventrolateral PAG, such as antinociception.

title: Frequent colocalization of mu opioid and XXXX -type glutamate receptors at postsynaptic sites in periaqueductal gray neurons.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity6253 :: ('4988', 'Gene') :: ['mu opioid receptor', 'MOR']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: The case reported here was a 40-year-old @entity1 . She came to our hospital because we palpated on her left breast to locate a @entity5 . The clinical history showed a breast flabellate resection and lymphadenectomy for @entity189 of the left breast in 2000. The @entity5 was scirrhous type, and the histopathology diagnosis showed it to be T2N0M0 stage IIA, and the @entity5282 was ER (-), @entity7273 (-). As an outpatient, we performed radiotherapy. In 2006, we confirmed a @entity5 on the right side under the left breast wounded area. We left the @entity5 without a treatment. However, the @entity5 had a tendency to grow in size and was Class V in aspiration biopsy cytology, and was diagnosed of @entity242 by needle biopsy. The @entity1 was hospitalized in order to have a surgery. We performed a pectoralis muscle merger mastectomy and a chest wall restoration by latissimus dorsi muscle dermal flap in March 2007. Histopathology diagnosis revealed it to be @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ). At present, the @entity1 has been treated as an outpatient. There has been neither recurrence nor a @entity3 with the @entity1 . The @entity1 has recently been treated with radiotherapy for the remaining breast after a breast preservation surgery. We reported our case with a possibility of @entity1418 occurrence in addition to some article considerations.

title: [A case of XXXX ( @entity1418 ) which produced breast cancer after an operation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['MFH', 'malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity1418 :: (MESH:D051677,Disease) :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: Approximately 30-50% of @entity1 with @entity1313 present with @entity410 as the initial symptom. @entity410 play a very important role in the quality of life, particularly in @entity1 with slow-growing primary @entity1313 . @entity5 -related @entity410 are often refractory to antiepileptic treatment. Despite the importance of this subject to the fields of neurology, neurosurgery and neurooncology, the pathogenesis of @entity5 remains poorly understood. This review summarizes possible mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of @entity5 , including both tumoral and peri-tumoral aspects. @entity5 cells themselves may create intrinsic epileptogenicity, and inadequate homeostasis in the peri-tumoral tissues may lead to @entity410 susceptibility. Other local changes in electrolytes, perfusion, metabolism, and enzymes could also contribute. It is generally accepted that changes in @entity535 neurotransmission are the most important mechanism underlying @entity5 -related @entity410 , and changes in extracellular ions also play an important role. @entity519 , @entity520 , and metabolic, immunological, and inflammatory changes may also be involved in the occurrence of @entity410 . Knowledge of these mechanisms may provide guidance in the search for new strategies for the surgical and medical treatment of @entity5 .

title: The pathogenesis of XXXX and its implications for clinical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor-related epilepsy', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor-related epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity455 is an uncommon but important cause of @entity101 in @entity1 . When unrecognized and untreated, @entity2792 in @entity1 can have serious complications. OBJECTIVE: To review the causes of @entity2792 and computed tomography angiographic (CTA) findings in @entity1 and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight CTAs from January 2004 to March 2008 of 23 @entity1 and adolescents with @entity101 were reviewed for the causes and CTA findings. RESULTS: Nine of the 23 @entity1 (39%) had abnormal renal arteries with or without abnormal abdominal aortas. Four of these @entity1 had @entity12040 , one had @entity7025 , and one had median arcuate ligament syndrome. One with chronic @entity2885 had severe @entity850 of the proximal right renal artery. The other two @entity1 had @entity2791 with a nonspecific cause. One @entity1 with a normal abdominal aorta and renal arteries had a right suprarenal mass. On pathological examination a @entity6010 was found. CONCLUSION: CTA can help in diagnosis of @entity2792 in @entity1 and adolescents. Although CTA is not a screening modality, it is appropriate in some situations.

title: XXXX in Thailand: CT angiographic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['Pediatric renovascular hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of somatic mutations in the gene encoding the @entity563 - @entity1889 protein kinase @entity817 ( @entity817 ) in the majority of @entity320 offers an opportunity to test oncogene-targeted therapy for this disease. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, phase 1, dose-escalation trial of @entity5457 (also known as @entity5457 ), an orally available inhibitor of mutated @entity817 , followed by an extension phase involving the maximum dose that could be administered without adverse effects (the recommended phase 2 dose). @entity1 received @entity5457 twice daily until they had disease progression. Pharmacokinetic analysis and @entity5 -response assessments were conducted in all @entity1 . In selected @entity1 , @entity5 biopsy was performed before and during treatment to validate @entity817 inhibition. RESULTS: A total of 55 @entity1 (49 of whom had @entity320 ) were enrolled in the dose-escalation phase, and 32 additional @entity1 with @entity320 who had @entity817 with the @entity8554 mutation were enrolled in the extension phase. The recommended phase 2 dose was 960 mg twice daily, with increases in the dose limited by grade 2 or 3 @entity1910 , @entity1295 , and @entity4841 . In the dose-escalation cohort, among the 16 @entity1 with @entity320 whose @entity5 carried the @entity8554 @entity817 mutation and who were receiving 240 mg or more of @entity5457 twice daily, 10 had a partial response and 1 had a complete response. Among the 32 @entity1 in the extension cohort, 24 had a partial response and 2 had a complete response. The estimated median progression-free survival among all @entity1 was more than 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity320 with @entity5457 in @entity1 with @entity5 that carry the @entity8554 @entity817 mutation resulted in complete or partial @entity5 regression in the majority of @entity1 . (Funded by Plexxikon and Roche Pharmaceuticals.)

title: Inhibition of mutated, activated @entity817 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: It is becoming increasingly clear that suboptimal blood @entity413 control results in adverse effects on large blood vessels, thereby accelerating @entity731 and @entity65 , manifested as @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity1095 . @entity65 is accelerated by both @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . In @entity164 1 @entity6 , @entity4854 generally occurs in the absence of elevated blood lipid levels, whereas @entity164 2 @entity6 is frequently associated with @entity2299 . In this review article, we discuss @entity4854 versus @entity407 as culprits in @entity6 -accelerated @entity731 and @entity65 , with emphasis on studies in @entity19 models and isolated vascular cells. Recent studies on @entity1748 -deficient @entity19 that are @entity1602 , but exhibit no marked @entity2299 compared with nondiabetic controls, show that @entity6 in the absence of @entity6 -induced @entity407 is associated with an accelerated formation of @entity731 , similar to what is seen in fat-fed nondiabetic @entity19 . These effects of @entity6 are masked in severely dyslipidemic @entity19 , suggesting that the effects of @entity413 and lipids on lesion initiation might be mediated by similar mechanisms. Recent evidence from isolated endothelial cells demonstrates that @entity413 and lipids can induce @entity409 through similar intracellular mechanisms. Analogous effects of @entity413 and lipids are also seen in macrophages. Furthermore, @entity413 exerts many of its cellular effects through lipid mediators. We propose that @entity6 without associated @entity2299 accelerates @entity731 by mechanisms that can also be activated by @entity407 .

title: Do XXXX and lipids exert independent effects on @entity731 initiation or progression to advanced plaques?

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']