abstract: @entity440 is metabolized into endoxifen, a potent antagonist of the @entity172 receptor, in part through cytochrome p450 (CYP) 2D6. Genotypic variation in @entity5320 affects endoxifen levels, and some have argued that @entity1 who do not efficiently metabolize @entity440 might wish to consider alternative hormonal treatments. This study evaluated an algorithm in which endoxifen levels and @entity5320 genotypes were used to make hormonal therapy recommendations for @entity1 on adjuvant @entity440 for @entity0 . @entity1 with @entity0 who had been taking adjuvant @entity440 for 8-56  weeks were eligible. At enrollment, baseline whole blood and serum were sent for genotyping by Amplichip and endoxifen measurement, respectively, and endoxifen levels were also measured 3  weeks later. Results were returned to oncologists along with an algorithm-generated treatment recommendation. The algorithm recommended that @entity1 with poor metabolizer genotype and/or baseline endoxifen level <6  ng/mL consider alternative endocrine therapy. A medical record review evaluated actual treatment decisions. Of 99 @entity1 on study, 18 (18  %) had findings that triggered algorithm-based recommendations to consider a change in endocrine therapy due to endoxifen <6  ng/mL (all 18 @entity1 ) and/or poor metabolizer @entity5320 genotype (2 of the 18). @entity34833 levels were >= 6  ng/mL in four of them 3  weeks later. Seven (39  % of 18) switched to a different treatment (one based on @entity137 , not the algorithm). Hot flash burden was not found to be significantly associated with endoxifen <6  ng/mL or genotype. Prospective testing of @entity440 metabolism as gauged by @entity5320 genotype and serum endoxifen levels is feasible. Future studies of @entity440 metabolism and efficacy should consider including measurement of serial endoxifen levels. Although clinical evidence at present is insufficient to warrant routine @entity5320 or endoxifen testing, some clinicians and @entity1 did utilize this predefined algorithm to inform clinical decisions regarding optimal adjuvant endocrine therapy.

title: Personalized medicine in XXXX : @entity440 , @entity34833 , and @entity5320 in clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage I-III breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity34833 :: ('MESH:C055492', 'Chemical') :: ['Endoxifen']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early outcomes of @entity1 undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair for blunt @entity764 . METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter trial using the Medtronic Valiant Captivia stent graft was conducted at 20 sites in North America. Fifty @entity1 with blunt @entity764 were enrolled between April 2010 and January 2012 and will be followed for 5 years. The injuries were classified into categories (grades I-IV) based on severity: intimal tear, intramural @entity1410 , @entity2849 , or @entity397 . The primary end point was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary end points were adverse events occurring within 30 days that were related to the procedure, device or aorta, and aortic-related mortality. Technical success was measured as successful device delivery and deployment. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent (38/50) of @entity1 were male with mean age of 41    17 years. Fifty-one Medtronic Valiant Captivia thoracic stent grafts and a single Talent thoracic stent graft were implanted within a median of 1.0 days following injury (mean, 1.8    4.0 days). Seventy percent (35/50) of aortic injuries were grade III or higher, including one @entity1 with free @entity397 . Mean injury severity score was 38    14. Fifty-four percent of stent grafts were  <=26 mm (28/52). The left subclavian artery was completely covered in 40% of @entity1 (20/50) and partially covered in 18% of @entity1 (9/50). Four @entity1 underwent subclavian artery revascularization: one at the time of the endograft procedure and three others after developing arm @entity63 after the initial endograft procedure. Cerebral spinal fluid was drained in two @entity1 . The median procedure time was 91 minutes, and median hospital stay was 12 days. There was 100% successful device delivery and deployment. Four (8%) @entity1 died within 30 days. Nonfatal adverse events within 30 days that were related to the procedure, device, or aorta were experienced by 12% (6/50) of @entity1 . No nonfatal adverse events related to the device were reported; a single death was conservatively adjudicated as device-, procedure-, and aorta-related because of insufficient information. No @entity1 developed @entity1566 , and there were no cerebrovascular accidents. However, one @entity1 had an anoxic @entity1545 following aortic @entity397 . No @entity1 underwent conversion to open repair or required an endovascular reintervention. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the early outcomes, the Medtronic Valiant Captivia stent graft appears to be a promising treatment modality for blunt @entity764 . Long-term follow-up is necessary to substantiate the effectiveness of thoracic endovascular aortic repair in treatment of blunt @entity764 .

title: Results of a multicenter, prospective trial of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for blunt XXXX (RESCUE trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic injuries']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic injury']


abstract: Currently available antidepressants interact with several types of receptors, which may explain both wanted and unwanted effects of these drugs. These effects are different and distinctive, and knowledge about them may help clinicians understand differences between compounds in terms of their tolerability profiles. Given roughly comparable efficacy, tolerability profile is the critical determinant in selecting an antidepressant medication for a particular @entity1 . In addition, tolerability is inseparably linked to @entity1 compliance, both in acute and long-term treatment, and ultimately to overall success of treatment. Refinement in pharmacologic profiles of all newly introduced antidepressants resulted in overall advantages in tolerability in comparison with older tricyclic compounds. However, differences in receptor interactions between antidepressants are directly reflected in tolerability (adverse event) profiles. Among new antidepressants, @entity13332 and the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors share favorable overall tolerability and safety, especially with respect to low premature termination rates because of adverse events, cardiac safety, and safety in @entity1445 . However, the different pharmacologic profile of @entity13332 is reflected in its different tolerability profile. Because of interactions with the @entity112 (H1) receptor, @entity13332 may be related to transient initial @entity2147 and @entity1017 in some @entity1 . Its @entity750 -2 (5-HT2)-blocking properties may account for lack of @entity250 , @entity22 , nervousness, and @entity2146 . @entity13332 's 5-HT3-blocking properties are unique among all currently available antidepressants and may account for lack of gastrointestinal adverse events.

title: Tolerability and XXXX compliance.

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine', 'Mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Nowadays the terminology used for the definition of @entity420 at the oesophagogastric junction is " @entity4617 ", which can be easily misunderstood. This definition of @entity420 of the oesophagogastric junction does not allow correct comparison of diagnosis (endoscopic, radiological and pathologic), epidemiology and surgical therapy in national and international aspects, because different @entity5 can develope in the same area, and all called @entity5 . Siewert and Stein recommended a classification to solve this problem. The classification of the @entity5 is morphological/topographical. Type I is @entity420 of the distal part of the oesophagus. Type II is @entity420 is subcardial @entity356 . At classification, we always consider results of endoscopy (ortograde and retroflexed view of the oesophago-gastric junction), the x-rays of the oesophagus and stomach, findings at the operation and pathohistologic results. Between 1/1/1974 and 31/12/2000, a total number of 50,878 upper panendoscopic examinations were performed at the Endoscopic Laboratory of the Surgical Department. @entity420 was diagnosed in 488 @entity1 . According to the Siewert-Stein classification, @entity5 was found in 123 (25.2%), type II in 240 (49.18%), and type III was present in 125 (25.61%) @entity1 . The importance of this classification is it enables unified pre-operative assessment and it can also help to decide the type of the surgical intervention. In our @entity1 with type I cancer--depending of the size of the @entity5 --distal 2/3 oesophagectomy with the resection of the proximal lesser curve of the stomach or total gastrectomy were performed. In the first group oesophago-jejuno-gastrostomy, in case of total gastrectomy Roux-en-Y loop anastomosis was created. In @entity1 with @entity5 total gastrectomy was performed. In every @entity1 lymphadenectomy was performed. We suggest the use of this new classification in clinical, gastroenterology--with special regard to the endoscopy--and pathology.

title: [Siewert-Stein classification of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cardia tumors', 'type I tumour', 'tumours', 'types II and III cancers']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinoma of the cardia', 'adenocarcinoma of the real cardia and type III', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe characteristics of respondents and nonrespondents to a home questionnaire and comprehensive clinical examination in a population of elderly Americans. METHODS: The SEE project is a population-based study of age-related @entity2194 , @entity227 , and functional status of individuals aged 65 to 84. Potential @entity1 were identified using the Health Care Financing Administration Medicare data base for Salisbury, @entity601 : After sending out an introductory letter, a trained interviewer visited potential @entity1 in their homes, obtained their consent to participate, administered a short screening interview that included questions about their general health and vision, and administered an extensive questionnaire on their diet, medical history, and difficulty performing activities related to vision. The interviewer then scheduled an appointment for the @entity1 to visit a central site for an exam. Potential @entity1 could fall into one of two refusal groups; refusal to take part in the study before the home questionnaire or prior to the clinic visit. RESULTS: The overall response rate for the clinic visit was 65%. Compared to individuals with complete exams, the two groups of refusals were older, less likely to have any college education, more likely to report poor health status, and more likely to need help with Independent Activities of Daily Living (IADL's). @entity1 with complete home questionnaires that failed to come to the clinic were more likely to have Mini-Mental scores below 25. There were not significant differences by race, gender, or self reported vision status among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Population-based studies requiring an in-clinic examination may selectively under-sample those with health and mental difficulties. These differential responses may introduce bias in the study results and need to be addressed when assessing the burden, type and severity of disease in the community. However, self-report of visual status was similar among refusals and @entity1 in this study on vision.

title: Who participates in population based studies of XXXX ? The Salisbury Eye Evaluation project experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual impairment']


abstract: @entity2525 are rare @entity1 @entity74 due to markedly decreased bone resorption. To date, the only gene whose inactivation was known to be responsible for @entity1 @entity2525 was that encoding carbonic anhydrase type II. Recessive malignant @entity2525 is linked to @entity6314 , unlike several @entity2525 in rodents that are caused by the inactivation of genes stimulating osteoclast differentiation. Recent advances in genetics have shown that some @entity1 affected with recessive malignant @entity2525 have inactivating mutations in a subunit of the vacuolar proton pump that is actively produced in the osteoclast brush border, but not in the lysosomes of other cells. The same gene is mutated in osteopetrotic oc/oc @entity19 . The genes responsible for @entity74 ( @entity74 ) have not yet been identified. Also, different localizations have been observed for @entity74 II, the type with sandwich vertebrae, and @entity74 I, presenting with diffuse osteocondensation. Less data than in malignant @entity2525 are avaible on the cellular mechanism of decreased bone resorption in @entity74 but there is also genetic heterogeneity in @entity74 II. @entity18303 is also due to a decreased resorption, and is quite close to @entity2525 . @entity18303 is linked to an inactivating mutation in the gene encoding @entity3336 , which is required for osteoclastic resorption. Decreased bone resorption is not the @entity154 inducing @entity16455 , and @entity3602 is due to increased bone formation. Recently it has been shown that it is associated with a mutation in the propeptide of @entity2533 . Thus, @entity1 @entity16455 have a wide range of phenotypes and genotypes and knowledge of them will contribute to a better understanding of the remodeling of normal bone.

title: XXXX @entity2525 and other sclerosing disorders: recent genetic developments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['only defect']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['decreased osteoclast function']

entities_list: @entity3602 :: ('MESH:D003966', 'Disease') :: ['Camurati-Engelmann disease']

entities_list: @entity18303 :: ('MESH:D058631', 'Disease') :: ['Pycnodysostosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'ADO', 'autosomal dominant osteopetrosis']

entities_list: @entity16455 :: ('MESH:D010026', 'Disease') :: ['osteosclerosing disorders', 'osteosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetroses', 'Osteopetroses', 'osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Regulatory @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) T cells (Tregs) are defective numerically and functionally in @entity775 ( @entity775 ). We have investigated and compared the mechanism of action of Tregs in healthy subjects and in @entity775 @entity1 using Transwell experiments, where Tregs are cultured either in direct contact with or separated from their targets by a semipermeable membrane. We also studied Treg @entity403 expression and effect on apoptosis. Direct contact is necessary for Tregs to suppress proliferation and @entity379 production by @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (-) and CD8(+) T cells in @entity1 and controls. Moreover, in both, direct contact of Tregs with their targets leads to increased secretion of regulatory cytokines @entity3646 , @entity688 , and @entity2533 , suggesting a mechanism of linked immunosuppression. Tregs/ @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (-) T cell cocultures lead to similar changes in @entity379 and @entity688 secretion in @entity1 and controls, whereas increased @entity2533 secretion is significantly lower in @entity1 . In contrast, in @entity1 , Tregs/CD8(+) T cell cocultures lead to a higher increase of @entity3646 secretion. In @entity775 , Treg @entity403 expression is lower than in normal subjects. Both in @entity1 and controls, @entity403 expression is present also in @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (-) T cells, although at a low level and not associated to suppressive function. Both in @entity1 and controls, addition of Tregs does not influence target cell apoptosis, but in @entity775 , spontaneous apoptosis of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (-) T cells is reduced. In conclusion, Tregs act through a direct contact with their targets by modifying the cytokine profile and not inducing apoptosis. Deficient @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (-) T cell spontaneous apoptosis may contribute to the development of @entity792 .

title: Functional study of @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T cells in health and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The administration of an @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor or an oral adsorbent, AST-120 (Kremezin), prevents the progression of @entity177 . This study was designed to determine the additional effects of AST-120 combined with an @entity1811 inhibitor, @entity2815 , on the progression of @entity8 in uremic @entity35 . METHODS: 5/6-nephrectomized uremic @entity35 were divided into control uremic @entity35 ( @entity3318 group), @entity2815 -treated uremic @entity35 ( @entity3318 +B group) and uremic @entity35 receiving @entity2815 and AST-120 ( @entity3318 +BK group). After 14 weeks of treatment renal function and pathological changes were investigated. RESULTS: The progression of @entity8 was delayed in both the @entity3318 +B and @entity3318 +BK groups as compared with the @entity3318 group. In the @entity3318 , the level of serum and urinary @entity6634 and the tubular accumulation of @entity6634 decreased. Both the @entity3318 +B and @entity3318 +BK groups showed lower @entity8 indices than the @entity3318 group. In the @entity3318 +BK group, but not the @entity3318 +B group, the @entity82 area and the expression of @entity1810 and @entity6930 ( @entity6930 ) 1 were decreased as compared with the @entity3318 group. Furthermore, the @entity3318 showed a smaller @entity82 area and a lower renal osteopontin expression than the @entity3318 +B group. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy of @entity2815 and @entity28013 is more effective than @entity2815 alone in retarding the progression of @entity82 by reducing the expression of @entity1810 , @entity6930 and osteopontin.

title: Combination therapy with @entity2815 and oral adsorbent ameliorates progressive XXXX in uremic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis', 'glomerular sclerosis', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6930 :: ('116510(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP', 'TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases']

entities_list: @entity2815 :: ('MESH:C044946', 'Chemical') :: ['benazepril']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1', 'TGF-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6634 :: ('MESH:D007200', 'Chemical') :: ['indoxyl sulfate']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: In vivo data employing a @entity35 model, suggest equivalent suppression of ectopic bone formation by single-fraction irradiation given either pre (< or = 4 h)- or post (< or = 24 h)-surgery. Two subsequent randomized clinical trials, from tertiary academic centers with robust experience in heterotopic bone prophylaxis, have reached similar conclusions. To assess the transferability of the above data to the community setting we reviewed our rural community hospital experience with pre- and postoperative radiation prophylaxis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 11/90 and 6/96, 16 surgerized hips with high risk of heterotopic bone formation received 7.00-8.00 Gy in one fraction either preoperatively (< or = 4 h) (n = 9) or postoperatively (< or = 3 days for six hips; day 7 for one hip) (n = 7). Initial @entity1 were routinely treated postoperatively. In late 1992, treatment preference was switched to preoperative irradiation in response to evolving data. The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, nature of surgery, presurgical @entity23498 , and in U. of Rochester risk classification distribution. Irradiation was given via 4-20 MV photons through equally weighted AP:PA portals to the periacetabular tissues and proximal one third to one-half of the femoral component. Radiation dose, energy, portal, and blocking design were all similar for the two groups. Hip radiographs were obtained immediately postsurgery and at last follow-up: Delta grades (Brooker grade at follow-up--Brooker grade immediately postsurgery) were computed. Harris scale scores of hip function and movement were assigned via personal interviews and examinations performed prior to irradiation and at last follow-up. RESULTS: All 16 hips are evaluable. Follow-up interval among the post-operative group (mean = 39.8 months; range 18.6-65.8) was significantly longer than among the preoperative group (mean = 20.4 months; range 8.6-41.3) (p < 0.02). The mean Delta grade among the postoperative and preoperative groups was identical (-0.02). Similarly, improvement in Harris scale scores, from preirradiation to last follow-up, were nonsignificantly different among postoperative (+43.3) and preoperative (+44.8) groups. There was one @entity86 in either group; there was no acute or late @entity137 attributable to irradiation. CONCLUSION: As heterotopic bone formation is complete within 6 months, the data for both treatment groups may be considered mature. Our community generated results parallel those derived from tertiary care centers. Single-fraction radiation prophylaxis of @entity2736 may be given with similar efficacy either < or = 4 h pre- or < or = 24 h postsurgery. For reasons of minimizing @entity1 discomfort, postsurgical movement and radiation staff resource utilization, we prefer and recommend preoperative radiation prophylaxis.

title: Preoperative vs. postoperative radiation prophylaxis of XXXX : a rural community hospital's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity23498 :: ('MESH:C536015', 'Disease') :: ['Brooker and Harris scores']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity2736 :: (MESH:D009999,Disease) :: ['heterotopic ossification']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The repair of severe @entity2650 represents a major surgical challenge. After initial enthusiasm for single-stage procedures, many paediatric urologists have turned to the alternative two-stage approach after experiencing disappointing results. A single surgeon's experience of the two-stage procedure is reported. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2003, 62 @entity1 underwent a two-stage reconstruction for @entity2650 . Indications for staged repair included proximal meatus (mid-shaft [18 @entity1 ], peno-scrotal [23] or perineal [two]), moderate or severe chordee (38 @entity1 ), poor glans groove, and @entity3854 . Inner prepuce was the graft of choice. Median age was 27.6 months at completion of surgery and median follow-up was 26 months. RESULTS: All grafts took well and none of the 62 @entity1 needed revision. One @entity1 developed a haematoma. Maturation of the graft for at least six months ensured the best conditions for the second-stage closure. Overall the cosmetic and functional results after the second stage were excellent. The outcomes were determined by the parents' and surgeon's assessment of function and the cosmetic appearance. Complications included partial glans dehiscense (three @entity1 ), residual mild curvature (three) and meatal stenosis (three). CONCLUSION: The two-stage repair has proved to be a reliable and reproducible technique with a low complication rate in a difficult cohort of @entity2650 @entity1 . Inner preputial skin grafts take very successfully on the ventral surface of the penis, and splitting the glans enables a slit-like meatus to be achieved. Excellent cosmetic results can be anticipated.

title: The two-stage repair for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity3854 :: ('MESH:D018459', 'Disease') :: ['lichen sclerosis']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['primary hypospadias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical treatment for @entity5 with markedly dilated and sigmoid-shaped esophagus is a matter of controversy. Some authors recommend esophagectomy as the primary treatment because they believe that @entity2784 improve @entity1282 in such cases. We present a @entity1 with @entity1318 stage III in whom we successfully performed a laparoscopic esophagogastrostomy with posterior semifundoplication. METHODS: Using a five-trocar technique, the esophagogastric junction and the distal esophagus up to the tracheal bifurcation were dissected. An endoscopic stapler (Endo-GIA II) was inserted through a small gastrotomy at the @entity418 , with one branch placed in the gastric fundus and the other, under esophagoscopic control, in the esophagus. By two consecutive stapler applications, a wide side-to-side esophagogastrostomy was created. To prevent @entity354 , a posterior semifundoplication was performed. RESULTS: The operation time was 170 min. Oral food intake was started after radiologic control on postoperative day 7. Radiologic study showed rapid passage of the barium meal and no reflux through the gastroesophageal junction. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic esophagogastrostomy with posterior semifundoplication represents an alternative to esophagectomy and laparoscopic Heller-Dor surgery. Because of the wide side-to-side anastomoses, there is no risk of persisting @entity850 such as that reported for the Heller operation, and the procedure certainly is less invasive than esophagectomy. As compared with laparoscopic extramucosal myotomy using anterior Dor fundoplication, it presents about the same technical difficulties.

title: Laparoscopic esophagogastrostomy: an alternative minimally invasive treatment for XXXX stage III.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['Heller myotomy cannot']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic benefit of combining moxibustion and rehabilitation training for functional recovery in post- @entity64 spastic @entity2795 @entity1 . METHODS: We randomly divided 84 cases subjecting to inclusion criteria into moxibustion plus rehabilitation training group (MRT group, n=44) and rehabilitation training group (RT group, n=40). Evaluation of therapeutic effect was observed before treatment, 2 weeks during treatment and 6 months after treatment. Spasticity was evaluated using @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and Clinical Spasticity Index (CSI), recovery of motor function was assessed by Brunnstrom recovery stages and Simplified Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale, and performance of activities of daily living (ADL) was measured, and the quality of life was assessed by @entity1 Reported Outcomes (PRO). RESULTS: Evaluation of upper limbs, hands and lower limbs based on CSI and @entity2653 revealed significant improvements in @entity1 treated with MRT, compared to RT alone, both during and after therapy. CSI and @entity2653 also showed significant improvement in @entity1 at each time point in the MRT group, compared to RT group. Marked improvement in Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale was also observed in MRT group at each time point. Based on Brunnstrom grades of upper limbs, hands and lower limbs, significant differences between the two groups were recorded at all time points during and after therapy. Barthel index (BI) and PRO also confirmed the dramatic differences between the two therapy groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that combination therapy with moxibustion and rehabilitation training offers greater clinical benefits in relieving @entity508 , promoting function recovery of motion, improving the performance of ADL, and increasing quality of life in post- @entity64 spastic @entity2795 @entity1 , compared to RT alone.

title: Synergistic effect of moxibustion and rehabilitation training in functional recovery of post- XXXX spastic hemiplegia.

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['modified Ashworth scale', 'MAS']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The southeastern region of the United States has long been considered to have higher rates of @entity1790 than other regions. Previous reports examined hospital discharge rates for @entity1790 rather than stone incidence rates and did not evaluate potential confounding variables. We studied prospectively the regional rates of incident stone formation within the United States in a cohort of 45,289 @entity1 40 to 75 years old in 1986 who had no history of @entity1290 . Dietary intake was measured by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. During 6 years of followup 753 incident cases of @entity1290 were documented. We also examined regional prevalence among 4,082 @entity1 who had a history of @entity1790 at the start of the study. There were no significant differences in age-adjusted incidence rates between the Southeast and other regions. Controlling for other risk factors, including age and relevant nutrients, did not alter the results. The prevalence of stone disease was significantly greater in the Southeast. Using the Southeast as the comparison region, a decreased risk of having a history of @entity1290 was found, ranging from 13% (95% confidence interval 4 to 21%) lower in the Mid-Atlantic region to 31% (95% confidence interval 21 to 40%) lower in the Northwest. The prevalence in all other regions combined compared to the Southeast was also lower (odds ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 0.89). Therefore, individuals in the Southeast appear to have an overall greater risk of @entity1290 . However, the magnitude of this effect is modest compared with previous estimates.

title: Regional variation in XXXX incidence and prevalence among United States @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['nephrolithiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) is defined as the number of metastatic lymph nodes divided by the total number of lymph nodes removed. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the metastatic LNR in @entity1 with @entity694 . METHODS: One-hundred twenty-five @entity1 with @entity5 admitted to the Istanbul University Oncology Institute between 1995 and 2005 were retrospectively evaluated. The median LNR was 0.2, and this figure was accepted as cut-off value in the present study. Overall survival (OS) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used for intergroup comparisons. The significance level was put at p<0.05. RESULTS: Of the 125 @entity1 , 58 (46.4%) were males and 67 (53.6%) females with median age 57 years. The mean OS in @entity1 with a LNR <0.2 was 120.5  7.3 months, with a LNR >= 0.2 was 92.8  9.0 months Although clinically significant, the difference between the groups was statistically insignificant (p=0.074). The mean duration of @entity66 in @entity1 with a LNR <0.2 was 100.6  8.6 months and for those with a LNR >= 0.2 it was 71.7  8.3 months (p=0.017). The 5-year @entity66 rate in @entity1 with a LNR >= 0.2 was 42.3%; it was 64.1% in those with LNR<0.2. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: The determination of the optimal cut-off value for the LNR in future prospective studies will help defining prognosis with better accuracy in @entity694 @entity1 .

title: Prognostic significance of the metastatic lymph node ratio for survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: A series of five @entity1 with a variant type of @entity12030 is presented. The disease initiated between four and a half and seven years with mental and slight motor symptoms. The additional neurological symptoms and signs, i.e. @entity227 , @entity2000 , @entity2055 , myclonia and @entity302 developed in all @entity1 before the age of ten years. The present series differs from our previous series of 16 cases especially in regard of neurophysiological findings (photic spikes, high visual evoked potential, VEP and high somatosensory evoked potential, SEP). VEP became abnormally high between 8.0 and 9.5 years instead of being an early finding as in the previous series. Photic spikes appeared also later in the present series. Electromicroscopic investigation revealed cytosomes with fingerprint profiles (FP) in the autonomic ganglion cells and cytosomes with both FP and curvilinear (CP) profiles in many extraneural cells including smooth muscle, Schwann cells, capillary endothelium and macrophages. In the light of our 21 Finnish @entity1 and the literature, the spectrum of @entity12030 seems to be much wider than previously assumed. The diagnosis should be based on clinical, ophthalmological, neurophysiological and ultrastructural findings. Repeated neurophysiological studies may be necessary.

title: The spectrum of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual failure']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['Jansky-Bielschowsky disease']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity12030 :: (MESH:D009472,Disease) :: ['Jansky-Bielschowsky disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity146 in rural Punjab is unknown. Previous studies in rural areas elsewhere in the Indian subcontinent have yielded widely differing estimates. METHOD: First-stage screening of a village near Gujar Khan used the Bradford Somatic Inventory and Self Reporting Questionnaire. Psychiatric interviews were conducted with stratified samples using the ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research. RESULTS: It is estimated that 66% of @entity1 and 25% of @entity1 suffered from @entity148 and @entity308 . @entity147 increased with age in both genders. @entity1 living in unitary households reported more distress than those living in extended or joint families. With younger @entity1 and @entity1 , lower levels of education were associated with greater risk of @entity146 . Social disadvantage was associated with more emotional distress. CONCLUSIONS: This study in rural Punjab confirms that findings of a previous study in Chitral, northern Pakistan, of high levels of emotional distress and @entity146 morbidity among @entity1 in rural areas of Pakistan.

title: Stress and XXXX in rural Punjab. A community survey.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Levels of emotional distress']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorder']


abstract: In summary, ICU @entity716 does not develop in all @entity1 . Instead, many @entity1 are at risk for hypoactive, hyperactive, or mixed @entity933 . Prevention of @entity933 should always be foremost, including recognition of @entity1 at high risk, minimal use of causative medications, and treatment of physiological conditions that are often unrelated to a @entity1 's admitting diagnosis. When prevention fails, early diagnosis and treatment can make a marked difference in @entity1 ' outcomes. The potential adverse outcomes of @entity933 are well documented. These include increased mortality; increased length of stay; reduced level of functioning in the elderly, which often leads to placement in a nursing home; and stress response syndrome after hospitalization. The value of nursing in preventing @entity933 is evident when nurses apply their knowledge of potential causes and develop strategies to avoid these causes in their @entity1 . Nurses provide early detection and coordinate with other members of the healthcare team to initiate a plan of care that includes prompt treatment of @entity933 to reduce the signs and symptoms, duration, and potential adverse sequelae of this disorder. Nursing interventions are designed to enhance @entity1 ' cognitive status, sense of security, safety, and comfort. Nurses are instrumental in providing appropriate choices, doses, and administration of medications and in recognizing side effects. Use of medications ordered to treat @entity933 is often left to nurses' discretion because the orders specify that the drugs should be given as needed. Finally, nurses are the ones who recognize the need for additional assistance via @entity146 consultations or for more intensive observation and management of @entity1 to ensure quality care.

title: Does "ICU XXXX " really exist?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'hypoactive and hyperactive delirium']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: A prospective study was performed in @entity1 (30 M, 16 F, mean age of 56.0 +/- 9.2 [42-73] years) with @entity712 to assess the efficacy of @entity3593 during a 16 weeks treatment period. Changes in clinical signs, functional capacity, blood pressure, heart rate, echocardiographic parameters, exercise duration, laboratory data and quality of life were measured. After a 2-week run-in period starting daily dose of study drug was 5 mg, and an increase of medication was considered at 4 weeks. At the end of the study mean daily dose of @entity3593 was 15.1 +/- 6.2 mg. Improvement of NYHA status by 2 grades was observed in 4 cases (9%), by 1 grade in 24 cases (51%), there was no change in 17 cases (38%), and worsening was observed in 1 case (2%). During the study both systolic (p = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0006) decreased significantly, the changes in pulse rate were not significant. Left ventricular end systolic (p = 0.001) and end diastolic (p = 0.003) dimensions decreased, ejection fraction rose by 4.4% (p = 0.0002). One @entity1 was removed from the study because of drug-induced cough. Comparison of all the laboratory data for pre and post-study periods did not reveal any significant difference. @entity1 treated with @entity3593 improved significantly for clinical, haemodynamic, echocardiographic and quality of life parameters, with few adverse experiences, good tolerability and once-daily dose.

title: [Effectiveness of XXXX in the treatment of @entity712 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

answer: @entity3593 :: (MESH:D017706,Chemical) :: ['Lisinopril']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 suffering from @entity521 and @entity3969 were examined with MR imaging (25 examinations). The results were compared with those obtained with other diagnostic methods--e.g. CT--to verify MR reliability in locating and staging the lesions. Signal patterns were studied, as recorded on T1- and T2-weighted sequences using various repetition and echo times. An attempt was made to verify the presence of pathognomonic findings and to differentiate @entity5 from post-therapy fibroses. All findings were subsequently confirmed at biopsy or, in the @entity1 who underwent surgery, by surgical findings. To carry out all the procedures, the @entity1 had to be sedated or to be administered a general anesthetic. When possible, a brain or surface coil was used to obtain a clear, well-defined image in thin-section (7-8 mm) sequences. MR imaging allowed all lesions to be detected and located in the examined population. A large @entity715 in the vena cava and local adenopathy were observed in a @entity1 suffering from @entity3969 . Spread into the spinal canal was present in 2 cases of @entity521 . One of the main advantages of MR imaging is its multiplanarity which usually allows lesion extent to be demonstrated, together with the involved organs. The additional advantages of MR imaging over CT should not be underestimated. MR allows images of the abdomen to be obtained devoid of respiratory artifacts and provides a sharp contrast between pathological and healthy tissue without contrast medium administration. In all the @entity1 who underwent it, MR imaging proved superior to CT in the evaluation of the intraspinal spread of @entity75 . MR also allowed serial follow-up to be carried out, with no risk of subsequent proteximetric problems, thus helping distinguish @entity5 masses from fibrous tissue in all @entity1 .

title: [Magnetic resonance in the study of @entity3969 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to describe the feasibility and efficacy of the laparoscopic upper vaginectomy (LUV) in @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) and superficially invasive @entity189 . METHODS: We studied @entity1 with @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) 2, @entity5436 3, and superficially invasive @entity189 after hysterectomy who have been under laparoscopic upper vaginectomy between March 2010 and March 2012. RESULTS: Four @entity1 underwent LUV after hysterectomy for high risk @entity5436 and early @entity5 . The mean age was 50.8 (range 40-56) years; the mean operation time was 162.5 (range 145-205) minutes; and the mean estimated @entity190 was 55 (range 20-100) ml. All the @entity1 restituted bladder function after the removal of the foley catheter. Mean hospital stay was 2 days. Two @entity1 had @entity260 . One @entity1 with @entity1229 administration had vaginal stump bleeding and another developed @entity789 . Three of the @entity1 had no residual lesion, but 1 @entity1 had @entity5436 1 in the resection margin. Colposcopy was followed on all @entity1 and cytology proved no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: LUV after hysterectomy is a feasible procedure and attentively applicable to high risk @entity5436 or superficially invasive @entity189 .

title: Laparoscopic upper vaginectomy for post-hysterectomy high risk XXXX and superficially invasive @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesico-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia', 'VAIN']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: The role of pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging (DCE-PWI) and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) in predicting the treatment response of oropharyngeal or @entity957 (OHSCC) to chemoradiation remains unclear. We prospectively investigated the ability of pharmacokinetic parameters derived from pretreatment DCE-PWI and DWI to predict the local control of OHSCC @entity1 treated with chemoradiation. Between August, 2010 and March, 2012, @entity1 with untreated OHSCC scheduled for chemoradiation were eligible for this prospective study. DCE-PWI and DWI were performed in addition to conventional MRI. The relationship of local control with the following clinical and imaging variables was analyzed: the hemoglobin level, T-stage, @entity5 location, gross @entity5 volume, maximum standardized uptake value, metabolic @entity5 volume and total lesion glycolysis on FDG PET/CT, transfer constant (K (trans) ), volume of blood plasma and volume of extracellular extravascular space on DCE-PWI, and apparent diffusion coefficient on DWI of the @entity5 . The @entity1 were also divided into a local control group and a local failure group, and their clinical and imaging parameters were compared. There were 58 @entity1 (29 with @entity957 [SCC] and 29 with hypopharynx SCC) with successful pretreatment DCE-PWI and DWI available for analysis. After a median follow-up of 18.2 months, 17 (29.3%) @entity1 had local failure, whereas the remaining 41 @entity1 achieved local control. Univariate analysis revealed that only the K (trans) value was significantly associated with local control (P = 0.03). When the local control and local failure groups were compared, significant differences were observed in K (trans) and the @entity5 location (P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). In the multivariable analysis, only K (trans) was statistically significant (P = 0.04). Our results suggest that pretreatment K (trans) may help predict the local control in OHSCC @entity1 treated with chemoradiation.

title: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging predicts local control in oropharyngeal or XXXX treated with chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma', 'oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: From January 1974 to December 1989, 16 @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity420 and @entity3041 underwent exploratory celiotomy with curative intent. There were eight males and eight females. The median age was 61 years. @entity420 were treated with abdominoperineal resection in 12 @entity1 and low anterior resection in 4 @entity1 . Four @entity1 underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, one @entity1 adjuvant chemotherapy, and one @entity1 combination therapy. The median disease-free interval between resection of the @entity5 and recurrence was 18 months. @entity3041 was unilateral in seven @entity1 (44%), and bilateral in nine @entity1 (56%). Preoperative evaluation indicated that all 16 @entity1 had local pelvic-perineal recurrence or pelvic recurrence alone. Resection was not possible in any of these 16 @entity1 for the following reasons: 5 @entity1 (31%) had pelvic sidewall involvement and @entity189 ; 3 @entity1 (19%) pelvic sidewall involvement alone; 2 @entity1 (13%) pelvic sidewall involvement and sacral fixation; and 2 @entity1 (13%) had sacral fixation alone. In the remaining four @entity1 , there was pelvic sidewall involvement by @entity5 and/or synchronous hepatic metastases, @entity189 , or sacral fixation. The median survival after exploratory celiotomy was 8 months in the 16 @entity1 who died of their disease. Unilateral and bilateral @entity3041 appears to be a contraindication for potentially curative surgical resection in recurrent @entity420 .

title: Surgery for recurrent XXXX in the presence of @entity3041 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['Hydronephrosis', 'hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Primary rectal adenocarcinomas', 'rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The incidence and clinicopathologic features of unilateral @entity0 (UMBC)were studied by mammary gland serial sectioning in 116 cases of clinically defined monocentric @entity0 (MONBC) examined histopathologically at the Nagano Cancer Detection Center. UMBC was defined as: 1) histopathologically discontinuous @entity5 each with an intraductal spread, 2)at least one @entity5 -free section separating two @entity5 , and 3) a large @entity5 and other small secondary @entity5 . UMBC was detected in 23 of 116 cases (19.8%), all with one secondary @entity5 . Primary and secondary @entity5 were located in the same quadrant in 34.8% and in different ones in 65.2%. The secondary @entity5 were < 5 mm in size in 56.5%. @entity5 , averaging 8.3 mm in size and 25.5 mm in distance from the @entity5 , were almost exlcusively noninvasive @entity189 , including 15 (65.4%) noninvasive @entity513 and several special types. The primary and secondary @entity5 were of the same histologic type in 3 of 23 cases. UMBC @entity1 averaged 6 years younger than MONBC @entity1 , and the incidence of UMBC tended to be higher in younger @entity1 (P<0.1). UMBC tended to occur more frequently in quadrant B with an average histologic @entity5 size significantly smaller than that in MONBC (P <0.01). The histologic types of the @entity5 in UMBC and MONBC were similar, with common types predominant. Lymph node @entity3 tended to be slightly more frequent in MONBC. This high incidence of UMBC calls for careful attention when considering breast conserving therapy.

title: Unilateral XXXX Studied by Whole Mammary Gland Serial Sectioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'multicentric breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Secondary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Multicentric Breast Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the use of aromatase inhibitors as a therapeutic option for @entity46 . DESIGN: Prospective open-label Food and Drug Administration phase 2 trial with Institutional Review Board approval. SETTING: Outpatient tertiary care centers. @entity1 (S): Fifteen premenopausal @entity1 with documented refractory @entity1118 . INTERVENTION(S): After a 1-month washout of @entity46 hormone therapies, @entity1 took 1 mg @entity13558 ( @entity13558 ; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE) and one tablet of 20 microg @entity2082 /0.1 mg @entity2692 (Alesse; Wyeth, Madison, NJ) daily for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): An analog @entity158 scale recorded pelvic @entity158 in daily diaries and surveys at baseline and after each treatment month. Side effects, blood counts, liver and renal function tests, @entity165 levels, and bone density were monitored. RESULT(S): Fourteen of 15 @entity1 achieved significant @entity158 reduction. Median @entity158 scores decreased 55% after 6 months, while mean @entity158 scores decreased 40%. @entity158 reduction comparing each treatment month to baseline achieved statistical significance. Average @entity158 scores began dropping after only 1 treatment month and continued decreasing each additional month. No organ system experienced adverse effects. @entity53 levels were suppressed during treatment. Side effects were mild and improved over time. CONCLUSION(S): Fourteen of 15 @entity1 with refractory @entity46 achieved significant @entity158 relief using @entity13558 and 20 microg @entity2082 /0.1 mg levonorgestrel with minimal side effects. This treatment for @entity46 is a promising new modality that warrants further investigation.

title: XXXX and oral contraceptives: a novel treatment for @entity46 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrazole', 'Arimidex']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity13558 :: (MESH:C090450,Chemical) :: ['Anastrazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We performed retrospective clinical analysis and in vitro testing to analyze the risks involved in laryngeal surgery using a @entity515 laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The occurrence of adverse events during laryngeal surgeries using a @entity515 laser, the reasons for these adverse events, and the risks of laryngeal laser surgery were analyzed in 704 @entity1 . In vitro experiments were performed to observe the tolerance of the cuffs of @entity2634 ( @entity2634 ) endotracheal tubes to the @entity515 laser under conditions of filling water or air, different laser power levels, and different cutting patterns. The flammability of the PVC endotracheal tube under different @entity26 concentrations, laser power levels, and laser cutting patterns were also studied. RESULTS: In the 704 @entity1 who underwent laryngeal laser surgery, the tracheal cuff broke in 92 cases; sparks were observed in 8 cases; and dense smoke, in 27 cases during surgery. No fires or explosions occurred. The in vitro results were as follows: (1) Under the intermittent stimulation mode, the water cuff did not break, but the air cuff broke during the first stimulation. (2) Under the continuous stimulation mode, the water and air cuffs broke easily, and the water and air cuffs broke immediately when the stimulation power was greater than 8 W. (3) Under the intermittent stimulation mode, the PVC endotracheal tube burned only under conditions of pure @entity26 supply and 10 W of laser power. Under the continuous stimulation mode, the tube did not burn with 5 W of laser power, regardless of the @entity26 concentration used. When the laser power level reached 8 W and the @entity26 concentration was greater than 50%, the tube will easily burn. When the laser power level was 10 W, the tube burned at @entity26 concentrations greater than 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Burning of the tube during laryngeal surgery using a @entity515 laser could be effectively avoided when appropriate measures were taken, such as filling the endotracheal cuff with water, maintaining less than 40% @entity26 concentration, using less than 8 W laser power, and using the intermittent stimulation mode.

title: Laryngeal surgery using a @entity515 laser: is a XXXX endotracheal tube safe?

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['PVC', 'polyvinylchloride']

answer: @entity2634 :: (MESH:D011143,Chemical) :: ['polyvinylchloride']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the short-term results for @entity1005 . METHODS: We included @entity1 presenting to our hospital with symptomatic chronic @entity625 or @entity85 , aged 55 to 90 years. All @entity1 had reconstruction with a Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis. We performed clinical follow-up after 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, consisting of physical examination, standard radiographs, and calculation of the Mayo elbow performance index. RESULTS: A total of 17 @entity1 were enrolled in this study and had a mean follow-up of 32 months. Mean preoperative flexion arc was 67   and 105   postoperatively. The mean preoperative Mayo elbow performance index score was 54 (range, 30-80) and improved to a postoperative score of 93 (range, 60-100). We encountered 6 complications in 5 @entity1 . Four complications required surgical intervention and 2 minor complications were treated noninvasively. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term functional outcomes after @entity348 in this prospective cohort of @entity1 with @entity625 or @entity85 were good according to mean postoperative measurements.

title: Semiconstrained XXXX for @entity625 or @entity85 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic total elbow arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total elbow arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities of the elbow']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total elbow arthroplasty']


abstract: Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces @entity32 and tissue injuries that occasionally results in disseminated @entity5642 (DIC). This process is believed to be mediated by vasoactive molecules such as kinins and leads to endothelial damage and obstruction of the microcirculation. In this study, we evaluated the involvement of T-kininogen and @entity23346 ( @entity19984 ) in endotoxin-induced systemic @entity32 . T-Kininogen is a protein unique to the @entity35 and known as an acute-phase protein in response to endotoxins. Similarly, @entity19984 functions as a proinflammatory cytokine and glucocorticoid-induced immunoregulator. First, we examined the effects of anti- @entity19984 antibody on @entity35 King male @entity35 (ca 400 g) treated with intraperitoneal injection of LPS. At 6 hours after LPS injection (5 mg/kg), the platelet counts had decreased from 85 +/- 12.8 (x 10(4)/microL) to 8.8 +/- 2.6 (x 10(4)/microL). We treated these @entity35 with the anti-rat @entity19984 antibody (5 mg gamma G immunoglobulin [IgG] fraction/kg) 2 hours prior to LPS injection. This treatment prevented the decrease in platelet counts (45.6 +/- 5.6 [x 10(4)/microL]). Next, we examined the potential of @entity19984 for production of T-kininogen. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity35 @entity19984 significantly upregulated the serum content of T-kininogen at the dose of 500 microg @entity19984 /head. These results imply that @entity19984 and T-kininogen might function in concert in the event of endotoxin-induced @entity32 .

title: Induction of T-kininogen and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity23346 :: ('103694877', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage migration inhibitory factor']

answer: @entity23346 :: (103694877,Gene) :: ['macrophage migration inhibitory factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1282 ( @entity409 ) is a debilitating, @entity308 , and potentially life-threatening complication in @entity5 @entity1 that is likely underreported. The present paper is aimed to review relevant @entity1282 literature between 1990 and 2010 with a focus on assessment tools, prevalence, complications, and impact on quality of life in @entity1 with a variety of different @entity5 , particularly in those treated with curative chemoradiation for @entity135 . METHODS: The literature search was limited to the English language and included both MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE. The search focused on papers reporting @entity1282 as a side effect of @entity5 and @entity5 therapy. We identified relevant literature through the primary literature search and by articles identified in references. RESULTS: A wide range of assessment tools for @entity1282 was identified. @entity1282 is related to a number of factors such as direct impact of the @entity5 , @entity5 resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy and to newer therapies such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Concomitant oral complications such as @entity2133 may exacerbate subjective @entity1282 . Most literature focuses on @entity135 , but @entity1282 is also common in other types of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity73 is a clinically relevant acute and long-term complication in @entity1 with a wide variety of @entity5 . More prospective studies on the course of @entity1282 and impact on quality of life from baseline to long-term follow-up after various treatment modalities, including targeted therapies, are needed.

title: Swallowing dysfunction in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressing']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Swallowing impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate macro- and microperfusion during 14 days of treatment with a new 2-layer compression system (3M    Coban    2 Lite), designed for @entity1 with leg @entity1066 and concomitant @entity8901 . METHODS: A single-centre, open-label, prospective pilot study was performed with 15 subjects suffering from @entity8901 with an ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) of 0.5-0.8, who volunteered to have their 'study leg' bandaged with the new system. Coincident leg @entity1066 or chronic @entity66 was not mandatory. All subjects received the new compression system, which stayed in place from 1 up to 4 days according to scheduled study visits. The system was reapplied by study personnel at each clinical visit (days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 and 14). The study participation stopped after 14 days. At each clinical visit safety assessments were performed: measurement of acral pulsation to capture macroperfusion; laser Doppler fluxmetry to capture microperfusion; clinical signs of pressure related @entity272 , @entity519 -related @entity158 and sub-bandage pressure measurement. In addition, the leg volume was measured and a comfort questionnaire was completed. RESULTS: An average sub-bandage pressure in standing position of approximately 30 mmHg was measured at the B1 location immediately after bandage application. Laser Doppler fluxmetry demonstrated positive effects on microcirculation regarding vasomotion and respiratory reflux. No change of the cardiac signal appeared. For acrale pulsations a high intraindividual variability was found with no clear interference to the bandage application. No pressure-related @entity272 or @entity519 -related @entity158 was detected. CONCLUSION: After application of the new compression system in subjects with moderate PAOD, laser Doppler fluxmetry indicated significant improvements of the microcirculation. High variability and lack of correlation to clinical symptoms was found for the acral pulsation. The new compression system revealed a high grade of tolerability and a good safety profile.

title: Macro- and microperfusion during application of a new compression system, designed for XXXX with leg @entity1066 and concomitant @entity8901 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin damage']

entities_list: @entity8901 :: ('MESH:C564658', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial occlusive disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity391 ( @entity391 ) is a condition historically associated with early morning @entity391 of bile, but it is otherwise poorly characterized. The @entity391 is thought to result from a reflux of duodenal fluid into the gastric lumen causing mucosal @entity146 . Medical records from Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CSUVTH) were searched for " @entity235 " and "bilious @entity391 " between 2002 and 2012. Visual inspection confirmed a diagnosis of @entity391 during the case history. The diagnosis remained @entity391 for the duration of the @entity235 's contact with the hospital in 17 cases. Therapy involved frequent feedings, late evening meals, gastric acid reducers, prokinetics, and gastroprotectants. Twelve @entity235 improved with therapy. Five @entity235 did not improve or were lost to follow-up. The diagnosis of @entity391 was supplanted in three cases with @entity356 , dietary indiscretion, and hepatopathy. The @entity1 most likely given a diagnosis of @entity391 would be a young, mixed-breed, castrated male @entity235 with a chronic history of @entity391 bile. Response to therapy suggests abnormal @entity344 , @entity3621 , gastric pH, or stimulation of the emetic center may be important factors in @entity391 . @entity235 diagnosed with @entity391 rarely received a diagnostic evaluation sufficient to qualify it as a diagnosis of exclusion.

title: Bilious Vomiting Syndrome in XXXX : Retrospective Study of 20 Cases (2002-2012).

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'Bilious vomiting syndrome', 'vomiting syndrome', 'BVS']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['local gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: Proper induction of the @entity1619 immune response is required for effective bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin immunotherapy for @entity150 . @entity1618 down-regulates the T-helper 1 response and is associated with bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin failure. We investigated whether blocking @entity1618 receptor 1 would enhance the bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin induced @entity1619 immune response and anti- @entity150 immunity in a @entity19 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Splenocytes were incubated with bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin or bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin plus control @entity6527 , anti- @entity1618 receptor 1 mAb or anti- @entity1618 neutralizing mAb, followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of interferon-y production. Bladder RNA was extracted after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin plus intraperitoneal @entity6527 or anti- @entity1618 receptor 1 mAb and analyzed by reverse transcriptase and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Urine was collected and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @entity19 bearing a luciferase expressing @entity5 were treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin plus intraperitoneal @entity6527 or anti- @entity1618 receptor 1 mAb. @entity5 response was assessed by bioluminescent imaging and bladder weight measurement. RESULTS: Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin plus anti-interleukin-10R1 mAb induced significantly higher interferon-y production by splenocytes than bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin plus anti- @entity1618 mAb. Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin plus anti- @entity1618 receptor 1 mAb also induced significantly higher interferon-y mRNA and protein in bladder and urine, respectively, in a dose dependent manner. Treatment with @entity1391 buffered saline, bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin plus control @entity6527 and bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin plus anti- @entity1618 receptor 1 mAb showed a 0% @entity5 -free rate with a 20% death rate, a 20% @entity5 -free rate with a 20% death rate and a 40% @entity5 -free rate with a 0% death rate, respectively. Bladder weight also revealed the effect of anti- @entity1618 receptor 1 mAb on the bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin induced @entity150 response. CONCLUSIONS: Anti- @entity1618 receptor 1 mAb enhanced the bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin induced @entity1619 immune response and anti- @entity150 immunity. A humanized form of this mAb warrants future investigation for bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin treatment of @entity150 .

title: Anti-interleukin-10R1 monoclonal antibody enhances bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin induced @entity1619 immune responses and antitumor immunity in a XXXX orthotopic model of @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-helper type 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'MB49 orthotopic tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various methods can be applied to build predictive models for the clinical data with binary outcome variable. This research aims to explore the process of constructing common predictive models, Logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), as well as focus on specific details when applying the methods mentioned above: what preconditions should be satisfied, how to set parameters of the model, how to screen variables and build accuracy models quickly and efficiently, and how to assess the generalization ability (that is, prediction performance) reliably by Monte Carlo method in the case of small sample size. METHODS: All the 274 @entity1 (include 137 @entity6 with @entity1897 and 137 @entity6 without @entity1897 ) from the @entity209 Hospital in Tianjin participated in the study. There were 30 variables such as sex, age, glycosylated hemoglobin, etc. On account of small sample size, the classification and regression tree (CART) with the @entity20755 ( @entity20755 ) were combined by means of the 100 times 5-7 fold stratified cross-validation to build DT. The MLP was constructed by Schwarz Bayes Criterion to choose the number of hidden layers and hidden layer units, alone with levenberg-marquardt (L-M) optimization algorithm, weight decay and preliminary training method. Subsequently, LR was applied by the best subset method with the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to make the best used of information and avoid overfitting. Eventually, a 10 to 100 times 3-10 fold stratified cross-validation method was used to compare the generalization ability of DT, MLP and LR in view of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC). RESULTS: The AUC of DT, MLP and LR were 0.8863, 0.8536 and 0.8802, respectively. As the larger the AUC of a specific prediction model is, the higher diagnostic ability presents, MLP performed optimally, and then followed by LR and DT in terms of 10-100 times 2-10 fold stratified cross-validation in our study. Neural network model is a preferred option for the data. However, the best subset of multiple LR would be a better choice in view of efficiency and accuracy. CONCLUSION: When dealing with data from small size sample, multiple independent variables and a dichotomous outcome variable, more strategies and statistical techniques (such as AIC criteria, L-M optimization algorithm, the best subset, etc.) should be considered to build a forecast model and some available methods (such as cross-validation, AUC, etc.) could be used for evaluation.

title: Performance comparison between Logistic regression, decision trees, and multilayer perceptron in predicting @entity1897 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity20755 :: ('MESH:D021184', 'Disease') :: ['chi-squared automatic interaction detector tree', 'CHAID']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic Disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous septal ablation by @entity167 -induced @entity732 was introduced as a new treatment option in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). Our aim was to evaluate procedural and long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1121 treated by @entity167 septal ablation (ASA) at our center. METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included 14 consecutive @entity1121 @entity1 undergoing percutaneous ASA (66.4 +/- 12.1 years, 71.4% female). At baseline all @entity1 presented persistent symptoms despite optimized medical treatment, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction with a peak gradient > 50 mmHg, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and ventricular septal thickness > or = 15 mm. ASA was considered successful when the LVOT pressure gradient fell to less than 50% of baseline value. All @entity1 had echocardiographic evaluation at baseline, intraprocedure and at follow-up, and a long-term clinical follow-up (25 +/- 38 months) with evaluation of functional class and occurrence of symptoms or cardiovascular events. RESULTS: Percutaneous ASA achieved a 71.4% acute and 85.7% long-term success rate. Peak LVOT gradient decreased from 104 +/- 40 mmHg at baseline to 58 +/- 30 mmHg intraprocedure (p = 0.03) and 35 +/- 26 mmHg at follow-up (p = 0.001); total gradient decrease was 75 +/- 43 mmHg. @entity339 also presented significant decreases during follow-up (from 24 +/- 5 mm to 18 +/- 4 mm, p = 0.02, and from grade 2.4 +/- 0.6 to 1.4 +/- 0.5, p < 0.001, respectively). A tendency for long-term improvement in NYHA functional class (from 2.6 +/- 1.1 to 1.8 +/- 1.4, p = 0.09) was observed. Procedural complications occurred in 6.7% of @entity1 ; two deaths and one transient @entity63 attack occurred in-hospital, but no long-term clinical events were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous ASA is an effective treatment for symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1121 , obtaining a marked decrease in LVOT pressure gradient and symptomatic improvement. Despite the occurrence of a significant number of procedural complications, the favorable long-term outcomes underline the potential of @entity1281 as a percutaneous alternative to surgical myectomy.

title: Percutaneous XXXX septal ablation for @entity1121 : technical review and long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular septal thickness and mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['septal branch occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HOCM', 'hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The vestibular system contributes to sympathetic activation by engagement of the otolith organs. However, there is a significant loss of vestibular function with aging. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine if young and older individuals differ in their cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to otolithic stimulation (ie, head-down rotation, @entity3831 ). We hypothesized that responses to otolithic stimulation would be attenuated in older adults because of morphological and physiological alterations that occur in the vestibular system with aging. METHODS AND RESULTS: Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and @entity717 were measured during @entity3831 in 11 young (26 +/- 1 years) and 11 older (64 +/- 1 years) subjects in the prone posture. Five older subjects performed @entity717 (chin to chest) in the lateral decubitus position, which simulates @entity3831 but does not alter afferent inputs from the vestibular system. MSNA responses to @entity3831 were significantly attenuated in older as compared with young subjects (P<0.01). MSNA increased in the older subjects by only 12 +/- 5% as compared with 85 +/- 16% in the young. Furthermore, @entity3831 elicited significant reductions in mean arterial blood pressure in older (Delta-6 +/- 1 mm Hg; P<0.01) but not young subjects (Delta1 +/- 1 mm Hg). In contrast to @entity3831 , @entity717 performed in the lateral decubitus position did not elicit @entity551 . MSNA responses to baroreceptor unloading and the cold pressor test were not different between the age groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that aging attenuates the vestibulosympathetic reflex in @entity1 and may contribute to the increased prevalence of @entity551 with age.

title: Aging attenuates the vestibulosympathetic reflex in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of single dose systemic recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity5301 ) in neonates with perinatal @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ), and its effect on serum @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) and @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ). METHODS: Forty-five full-term neonates; 30 with perinatal @entity2806 and 15 controls were studied. @entity2806 neonates were randomized into three intervention groups (first 6   h of life): 10 received single subcutaneous 1500 U/kg @entity5301 at day-1, 10 subjected to @entity2332 for 72   h and 10 received supportive care. @entity2252 and @entity3508 measured during first 6   h and day 5 postnatal. Daily Thompson's score, MRI brain and neuromuscular function scale for survivors at 3 months of age were done. RESULTS: @entity2332 group had best survival especially with stage-II Sarnat scale, followed by @entity5301 and supportive group. @entity2252 day-5 was significantly higher in each group compared to controls. MRI score and neuromuscular function score were non-significantly lower in the @entity2332 group compared to @entity5301 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2332 was superior to single dose @entity5301 for neuro-protection in @entity2806 especially in @entity1 with stage-II Sarnat scale. Therapeutic effect of combined @entity5301 multiple dosing and modest @entity2332 therapy should be studied.

title: Single dose recombinant @entity1307 versus moderate XXXX for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in low resource settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Therapeutic hypothermia', 'hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Benign nonepithelial neoplasms of the gallbladder are unusual. The majority of @entity1085 are found incidentally in the gallbladder specimens following cholecystectomy. There have been only few reports in the literature describing this rare entity. In this study we report a case of @entity1085 presenting as chronic @entity158 in a young @entity1 . CASE REPORT: A thirty two year old otherwise healthy @entity1 presented to our clinic with chronic @entity158 symptom after eating. Physical examination, laboratory and radiologic workups were unremarkable for signs of @entity253 . Past medical and surgical histories were significant only for @entity1264 . Due to persistent symptomatology, the @entity1 was taken to the operating room for a diagnostic laparoscopy followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Open conversion was necessitated because of the presence of a gallbladder mass preventing safe anatomic dissection. Surgical pathology revealed @entity15037 with noninflamed gallbladder. The postoperative course was unremarkable and the @entity1 was @entity158 free at 3 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 such as @entity1085 should be included in the differential diagnosis for chronic @entity158 symptom in a young otherwise healthy @entity1 with @entity4786 . Diagnostic laparoscopy should be considered in an individual presenting with this condition.

title: XXXX presenting as chronic @entity158 - Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder neurofibromas', 'gallbladder neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Benign neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis type I']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity15037 :: ('MESH:D018318', 'Disease') :: ['plexiform neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract diseases']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['Gallbladder neurofibroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of intramucosal pH ( @entity14243 ) of the sigmoid colon, @entity650 concentration and the APACHE II score in predicting outcome in @entity1 undergoing elective @entity1028 repair. DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: In 42 @entity1 , measurements were made of the sigmoid @entity14243 with the @entity1346 tonometer and plasma @entity650 by enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The daily postoperative APACHE II scores were also calculated. In 29 @entity1 a preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction was determined by gated radionuclide angiography. RESULTS: Four out of 42 @entity1 who were studied died. The lowest perioperative @entity14243 , the peak postoperative @entity650 concentration and APACHE II scores were significantly different in the survivors in comparison to the non-survivors. In the non-survivors, the fall in @entity14243 preceded the time of @entity1 's demise by at least 4 days. Significant correlations were observed between changes in @entity14243 , @entity650 and APACHE II. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, @entity14243 was shown to be the most predictive of mortality compared to the other variables. The simplicity, speed and practicality of using the tonometer adds to its superiority over the latter measurements. No relationship was found between ventricular ejection fraction, @entity14243 and outcome. CONCLUSION: Although the number of @entity1 is small, these results support @entity14243 as a valuable predictor of outcome and also suggest a role for the gut in initiating the @entity650 and physiological responses.

title: The use of tonometry to predict mortality in @entity1 undergoing XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Intravenous @entity1218 (200 micrograms Protir  line) injection was performed in 137 @entity1 who had undergone thyroidectomy for differentiated @entity259 and treated by a suppressive thyroid therapy. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured before and 30 minutes after the injection. 143 tests were performed. The TSH method used was a chemiluminometric assay (Chiron Diagnostics). We study the analytical characteristics of the method. The limit of detection was 0.003 mUI/l. Interassay precision showed a functional sensitivity of 0.015 m UI/l with 20% interassay CV in agreement with the third generation criterion. There was a good correlation between TSH values at T0 and T30 minutes. In 143 tests, 40 (28%) showed a basal TSH value less than 0.003 mUI/l; delta TSH (TSH at T30-TSH at T0) was less than 0.015 mUI/l in about 68% of the cases and less than 0.031 mUI/l for the others. In 20% of the tests (29) TSH T0 were between 0.003 and 0.015 mUI/l and delta TSH less than 0.204 mUI/l. Finally the 74 remaining tests with a basal TSH value higher than the functional sensitivity of the method showed delta TSH less than 0.4 mUI/l if the TSH T0 was less than 0.05 mUI/l. The delta TSH remained less than 0.6 mUI/l if the TSH T0 was less than 0.1 mUI/l. Inversely, if TSH T0 was higher than 0.1 mUI/l delta TSH could be higher than 1.0 mUI/l. Third generation TSH assay allows us to abandon @entity1218 test for the follow-up of thyroidectomized @entity1 with suppressive thyroid hormonotherapy in so far as TSH assay is well established. We conclude that a basal TSH less than the functional sensitivity (0.015 mUI/l) can predict a TSH response to @entity1218 stimulation test less than 0.2 mUI/l.

title: [Analytical evaluation of third generation TSH assay. Application to the exploration of thyrotropin suppression in differentiated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: The Prophet of @entity10914 gene ( @entity25915 ) encodes a paired-like homeodomain protein, which is expressed early in pituitary gland development. When mutated, it is responsible for @entity7961 ( @entity7961 ) in @entity1 , as well as in Ames dwarf @entity19 (df/df). Several independent mutations in the homeodomain of @entity25915 have been identified as causative for the @entity1 @entity7961 phenotype, which has been characterized, thus far, as absence or low levels of GH, PRL, TSH, LH, and FSH. Here, we report 10 @entity7961 cases, 9 of which were born to consanguineous marriages occurring in a large family living in an isolated area in the Southeast of Brazil. All affected @entity1 present complete absence of puberty and low GH, PRL, TSH, LH, and FSH associated with severe @entity509 of the pituitary gland, as seen by MRI. All 3 exons of the @entity25915 genes of these @entity1 were sequenced. The @entity45571 frameshift mutation was found in both alleles of each affected case. Surprisingly, we observed ACTH/ @entity701 insufficiency associated with the @entity25915 phenotype. The @entity1 ' ages varied between 8 and 67 yr, and @entity701 response impairment was identified in 5 of 6 of the older @entity1 and in an 11-yr-old @entity1 . Previous studies have not fully characterized @entity1 at advanced ages, leading us to conclude that the phenotype of this @entity25915 mutation includes late-onset @entity1887 . We present an extensive clinical analysis of all of these @entity1 . The presence of ACTH/ @entity701 deficiency in this family bearing the @entity25915 @entity45571 mutation indicates the importance of a complete endocrine characterization and of life-long monitoring of @entity25915 @entity1 .

title: Impaired adrenocorticotropin-adrenal axis in @entity7961 caused by a two-base pair deletion ( @entity45571 ) in the prophet of XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['combined pituitary hormone deficiency', 'CPHD']

answer: @entity10914 :: (5449,Gene) :: ['Pit-1']


abstract: Surgical or pharmacologic methods to control gonadal @entity342 biosynthesis are effective approaches in the treatment of a variety of non-neoplastic and @entity5 . For example, @entity342 ablation and its consequent reduction in circulating levels of @entity251 is an effective therapy for @entity263 . Unfortunately, the therapeutic effectiveness of this approach is often temporary because of disease progression to the 'castration resistant' (CRPC) state, a situation for which there are limited treatment options. One mechanism thought to be responsible for the development of CRPC is extra-gonadal @entity342 synthesis and the resulting impact of these residual extra-gonadal androgens on @entity263 cell proliferation. An important enzyme responsible for the synthesis of extra-gonadal @entity3800 is @entity9667 which possesses both 17,20-lyase and 17-hydroxylase catalytic activities with the 17,20-lyase activity being key in the @entity342 biosynthetic process. @entity48913 ( @entity48913 ), a novel, selective, and potent inhibitor of 17,20-lyase is under development as a drug to inhibit @entity342 synthesis. In this study, we quantified the inhibitory activity and specificity of @entity48913 for testicular and adrenal @entity342 production by evaluating its effects on @entity9667 enzymatic activity, @entity134 production in monkey adrenal cells and @entity1 @entity5 cells, and serum levels of @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ), @entity701 , and @entity251 after oral dosing in castrated and intact male @entity5434 . We report that @entity48913 potently suppresses @entity342 production in monkey adrenal cells but only weakly suppresses @entity2819 and @entity1369 production; the IC(50) value of @entity48913 for @entity701 was ~3-fold higher than that for @entity2494 . After single oral dosing, serum levels of @entity2494 , @entity701 , and @entity251 were rapidly suppressed in intact @entity5434 . In castrated monkeys treated twice daily with @entity48913 , suppression of @entity2494 and @entity251 persisted throughout the treatment period. In both in vivo models and in agreement with our in vitro data, suppression of serum @entity701 levels following oral dosing was less than that seen for @entity2494 . In terms of @entity1 @entity9667 and @entity1 @entity5 cells, @entity48913 inhibited 17,20-lyase activity 5.4 times more potently than 17-hydroxylase activity in cell-free enzyme assays and @entity2494 production 27 times more potently than @entity701 production in @entity1 @entity5 cells, suggesting greater specificity of inhibition between 17,20-lyase and 17-hydroxylase activities in @entity1 vs monkeys. In summary, @entity48913 potently inhibited the 17,20-lyase activity of monkey and @entity1 @entity9667 and reduced serum @entity342 levels in vivo in monkeys. These findings suggest that @entity48913 may be an effective therapeutic option for diseases where @entity342 suppression is critical, such as @entity342 sensitive and CRPC.

title: @entity48913 ( @entity48913 ), a novel non-steroidal 17,20-lyase inhibitor: effects on @entity134 synthesis in XXXX and monkey adrenal cells and serum @entity134 levels in @entity5434 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['advanced prostate cancers', 'prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumor', 'neoplastic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity48913 :: ('MESH:C571806', 'Chemical') :: ['TAK-700', 'Orteronel', 'orteronel']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only some Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) PiZZ @entity1 develop liver @entity82 and @entity101 . Aim of the study was to investigate the course of @entity409 associated with PiZZ A1ATD and to determine prognostic factors. @entity1 : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of all PiZZ @entity1 up to 18 years of age admitted to our centre since 1978. 53 @entity1 (age at first visit 2 days to 12 years) met our criteria. METHODS: The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: group 1 'bad prognosis', meaning the @entity1 which were on the waiting list for liver transplantation (LTx), had a liver transplantation or had died, and group 2 'good prognosis', containing the @entity1 they were living with their own liver. We analysed family history including smoking, gestational age, maternal age at delivery, date of birth, sex, neonatal history, breast-feeding, symptoms at presentation, clinical and laboratory data and date of LTx and/or @entity204 . RESULTS: Various anamnesis parameters such as manifestation of @entity1448 showed no prognostic significance. In contrast the laboratory parameters thrombocytes (p=0.008), @entity648 (p<0.001), prothrombin time (p<0.001), @entity1877 -sterase (p<0.001), gamma-GT (p=0.001) and GOT (p=0.002) showed a correlation with a @entity409 . CONCLUSION: Prognosis is difficult to determine at an early stage of this disease, but various laboratory parameters can help to predict an outcome. Therefore a regular follow-up is necessary for the @entity1 .

title: Prognostic marker for XXXX due to alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver transplantation and/or death', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal cholestasis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']