abstract: AIMS: @entity2335 , a rare adverse effect of systematically administered drugs, was first reported to be associated with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, @entity15846 , in 1991. Similar reports of adverse effect of @entity15846 were received by a number of national drug monitoring centres. It was therefore decided to investigate the frequency of @entity2335 associated with @entity15846 and to see whether this association is typical of @entity15846 or also occurs with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. METHODS: The Medicines Adverse Reaction Monitoring Centre has been monitoring drug related events/reactions since 1965. An analysis of the spontaneous adverse reaction reports received at this centre during the period 1965-92 was carried out. RESULTS: @entity548 was reported to be associated with @entity15846 (n = 3) and @entity3352 (n = 3). In addition 11 other reports of haematuria (not associated with any @entity1003 and/or @entity99 ) in relation to other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, such as @entity3522 , @entity7988 , @entity1623 and @entity5230 were received. Five @entity1 who were rechallenged with the suspect drug, suffered from recurrence of @entity2335 /haematuria. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to @entity15846 , @entity2335 appears to be associated with @entity3352 and possibly also with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. An @entity56 or immunological mechanism is probably responsible for this reaction. Although our centre received the first report of @entity2335 in relation to @entity3352 in 1966, judging by the number of reports received, this association appears to be poorly recognised.

title: XXXX and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an incidental association or an adverse effect?

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity15846 :: ('MESH:C021270', 'Chemical') :: ['tiaprofenic acid']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['cystitis', 'Cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['Cystitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of conservative management in high-grade @entity5436 (HG VaIN). DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Gateshead, UK. POPULATION: A total of 100 @entity1 with histologically-proven HG VaIN. METHODS: Review of @entity1 records from 1995 to 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of progression to @entity5 , treatment remission, and disease recurrence, particularly post-treatment when vaginoscopy is normal but cytology is abnormal. RESULTS: Of 100 @entity1 referred, 69 underwent initial treatment of whom 47 (68%) went into remission: of these, seven developed a recurrence after a median follow-up of 29  months (range 15-214  months). Of the 31 @entity1 managed conservatively with cytological and vaginoscopic surveillance, no @entity5 developed after a median follow-up of 35  months (range 2-230  months). Rate of overall progression to @entity5 was 3% and all were detected among the initial treatment group after a median of 59  months (range 8-249  months). Post-treatment, when normal vaginoscopy was accompanied by abnormal cytology, two categories existed. Of 24 cases with low-grade cytological abnormality, recurrence of HG VaIN occurred in seven (29%) after a median follow-up of 12  months (range 2-110  months). Of 19 cases with HG cytological abnormality, 15 (79%) developed recurrence at a median follow-up of 7  months (range 2-21  months), giving a hazard ratio 5.6 (95% confidence interval 2.0-15.5, P  =  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to select @entity1 with HG VaIN for conservative surveillance with excellent results. The majority of @entity1 undergoing initial treatment will enter remission. Post-treatment, if cytological abnormality develops in the presence of normal vaginoscopy, the majority of @entity1 will develop histological HG VaIN recurrence.

title: High-grade XXXX : can we be selective about who we treat?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The natural history of hemodynamically significant (internal carotid systolic velocity more than 125 cm/s) early recurrent @entity543 was studied. METHODS: Recurrent hemodynamically significant @entity850 occurred within 24 months in 49 internal carotid arteries (45 @entity1 ) after 883 endarterectomies (5.4%). These @entity1 were then examined with serial scans. Subsequent redo endarterectomy and neurological events were recorded. RESULTS: @entity1 were observed for 9 to 84 months (mean, 53 months). Arteries with recurrent @entity850 were grouped according to the maximal velocity recorded: group I, systolic velocity more than 125 cm/s and less than 280 cm/s (12); group II, systolic velocity more than 280 cm/s or diastolic velocity more than 80 cm/s (21); group III, systolic velocity more than 280 cm/s and diastolic velocity more than 120 cm/s (14); group IV, internal carotid artery occlusion (2). The mean time to a velocity of more than 125 cm/s was 11 months. The mean time to peak velocity was 16 months. During The Follow-UP Period, Five Stenoses Remained Stable. Nineteen Continued To Increase, With Two Eventual Asymptomatic Occlusions (4%). Six Recurrences Ultimately Had Redo Endarterectomy, Two For Symptoms. Three Of These Developed New Secondary Recurrent Lesions. However, In 25 Arteries (53%), The Velocity Profile Decreased By At Least One Group Classification. The Mean Time To The Lowest Velocity (TTL) Was 50 Months. Systolic Velocity Ultimately Fell Below 125 Cm/S In 13 Stenoses (SIX In Group I; Five In Group II; Two In Group III). CONCLUSION: Early recurrent hemodynamically significant @entity850 is unusual and rarely progresses to occlusion. Even critical @entity850 can regress to within normal limits. Redo endarterectomy is seldom necessary. The challenge remains to define which @entity1 are at risk for symptoms and occlusion.

title: Hemodynamically significant early recurrent XXXX : an often self-limiting and self-reversing condition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: Tissue samples taken from 22 @entity1 before and during radical irradiation of @entity957 in the @entity135 were studied by light and electron microscopy. The changes in keratinization pattern at the ultrastructural level seemed to be correlated with the outcome of the radiotherapy. The irradiation induced several cellular changes, of which nuclear atypia was the most prominent. This atypia was considered to be mainly due to cell death rather than to an aggressive nature of the @entity5 , because the number of mitoses decreased at the same time. The @entity5 invasion pattern remained unchanged. The keratinization pattern remained almost unchanged at the light microscopical level, but a slight increase of intracellular filaments and desmosomes was found in the electron microscopic study. The amount of intercellular filaments increased in three @entity1 out of four with complete remission (CR), but in no case with @entity5 dissemination (n = 3) during radiotherapy. In @entity1 with local persistent @entity5 or a local recurrence (LP + LR) (n = 15) the filaments either increased, decreased or remained unchanged. The number of desmosomes either increased or remained unchanged in three of four CR @entity1 , in 13 of 15 LP + LR @entity1 and in only one of three @entity1 with @entity5 dissemination. They decreased in two @entity1 with @entity5 dissemination, but only in one case with CR and in 2 cases with LP + LR. It is suggested that changes in cytoskeleton and desmosomes might be important in anchorage of @entity5 cells locally and might have value for prediction of the @entity5 response to radiotherapy. Further studies on larger materials are, however, needed before more definite conclusions can be drawn.

title: Radiation-induced morphological changes and radiocurability in XXXX of the @entity135 . A preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck region']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The incidence of @entity600 among @entity1 of mothers with @entity302 treated with @entity734 ( @entity734 ) during pregnancy is higher than that found in the general population. The aim of this study was to contribute to providing a definition of the rate of @entity154 in the offspring of mothers with @entity302 and to detect possible risk factors. METHODS: Since 1977, 517 pregnancies were followed up at the San Paolo Hospital in Milan by a team of epileptologists and obstetricians. The @entity1 received monthly obstetric and neurologic examinations, and the blood levels of @entity734 were tested monthly. During pregnancy the @entity1 underwent ultrasound investigations to evaluate fetal morphology and development. At the time of delivery, the @entity1 were submitted to a standardized examination by a pediatrician, and a more detailed clinical examination was performed on day 5. Malformations were classified as (a) genetic and chromosomic, (b) severe and mild @entity600 , and (c) @entity85 . RESULTS: The overall rate of @entity600 was 9.7%: of these, 5.3% were structurally severe, 2.2% were mild, 0.4% were chromosomic-genetic, and 1.8% were @entity85 . No @entity600 was detected in the 25 untreated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The risks of @entity21258 have been regarded as multifactorial, involving such factors as genetic predisposition, although most prospective studies show that AED-related factors are the primary risk factors for an increased incidence of @entity600 .

title: Malformations in offspring of XXXX with @entity302 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity21258 :: ('MESH:C535542', 'Disease') :: ['teratogenicity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of M2/ @entity4404 for recurrent @entity393 (RPL), according to the timing of miscarriages and assess the male partner risk. DESIGN: Genetic association study. SETTING: @entity4207 . @entity1 (S): Female @entity1 from two academic centers in Germany and Bulgaria with two or more unexplained miscarriages were selected for this study. Male partners were available for a part of the German sample. Population controls were recruited from healthy individuals of respective populations. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Incidence of M2 carriage and odds ratios were calculated between @entity1 and control groups, and RPL risk was evaluated. RESULT(S): The M2 haplotype in @entity4404 was associated with greater overall RPL risk in German and in Bulgarian @entity1 , and a trend of higher prevalence was seen for male partners of German RPL @entity1 . The highest relative risk of M2 carriage was observed in @entity1 of both populations with "early" fetal losses between the 10th and 15th gestational weeks, which was significant in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION(S): M2 carriage seems to have an RPL risk role mostly for early abortions, gestational weeks 10-15. In the first phase of pregnancy this correlates with vascular remodeling to accomplish the transition from high- to low-resistance blood vessels.

title: Further insights into the role of the XXXX M2 haplotype as recurrent @entity393 factor, assessing timing of miscarriage and partner risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Academic research center']

answer: @entity4404 :: (308,Gene) :: ['annexin A5']


abstract: Acute, usually reversible, @entity177 has been observed in @entity1 with normal or minimally altered glomeruli on renal biopsy. This review aims to examine the clinical features of @entity810 in these @entity1 and to evaluate factors that may contribute to the reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In an analysis of 79 cases affecting 75 @entity1 reported in the English literature since 1966, with @entity810 associated with @entity1987 or mild histopathological changes in glomeruli, the average age was 58 +/- 2 years (mean +/- 5 SEM), urine protein excretion 11.6 +/- 0.6 g/d, and serum albumin level 19 +/- 1 g/L (1.9 +/- 0.1 g/dL). @entity810 was documented an average of 29 +/- 5 days after onset of @entity1985 , and persisted for 7 weeks in 62 episodes in the 58 @entity1 in whom recovery of renal function occurred. Fourteen @entity1 died of @entity5507 or required chronic dialysis, and 3 were lost to follow-up. Although plasma volume depletion was sometimes cited as the cause of @entity177 , objective signs of @entity3485 were not documented and most @entity1 did not improve after treatment designed to correct @entity51 . In contrast, histopathological changes consistent with @entity4295 ( @entity4295 ) were observed in at least 60% of cases. Since the pathogenesis of @entity810 in minimal change @entity1985 is unknown, we evaluated hemodynamic determinants of GFR in @entity1 with @entity1987 with normal or near-normal renal function, and in relevant animal models, to obtain insights into the effect of @entity1985 on GFR. Although @entity810 is uncommon, GFR is reduced concurrently with @entity1985 in approximately 30% of @entity1 and adults. Absolute and effective blood volume and renal plasma flow are relatively well preserved. However, clinical and experimental observations suggest that the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient may be reduced by as much as 50%. These findings, together with renal biopsy changes in cases with @entity810 , suggest that severe reductions in GFR in some @entity1 with minimal change @entity1985 may result from an interaction between acute @entity63 and preexisting @entity8 .

title: Reversible @entity177 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis', 'ATN']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic tissue injury']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['volume deficits']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The clinical indications and economic consequences of @entity1 @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) prescription during @entity151 ( @entity151 ) chemotherapy remain controversial. The aim of this study, based on a Markov model, was to assess the impact of routine @entity1261 use in the treatment of @entity151 on costs and @entity1 comfort. Markov models allow the modeling @entity151 chemotherapy, in which the risk of @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ) is continuous over time and may occur more than once. @entity1 AND METHODS: We used a Markov model to compare three strategies: a chemotherapy dose reduction after @entity1398 and nonuse of @entity1261 ("never" strategy), secondary use of @entity1261 ("CSF if @entity1398 " strategy) and primary use of @entity1261 ("systematic CSF" strategy). Model baseline probabilities were based on a review of medical records for all @entity1 (n = 39) treated for @entity151 in our unit during 1993 (when @entity1261 was not used) and on published reductions in the incidence of @entity1398 obtained by using @entity1261 . Two different types of rewards were used: a cost-utility scale that took into account the costs of @entity1398 (CFN) episodes and @entity1261 (CCSF) courses; and a comfort-utility scale that took into account the discomfort of @entity1398 and @entity1261 therapy. Costs were analyzed from the health care payer's perspective and utilities were assessed prospectively in standardized interviews with treated @entity151 @entity1 . RESULTS: The never strategy was the least costly ( 4,875 [United States] versus  5,816 and  7,690 for CSF if @entity1398 and systematic CSF) and gave the highest comfort value (378 U v 365 and 327 for CSF if @entity1398 and systematic CSF). Sensitivity analyses showed that the never strategy remains the less costly when the probability of a first @entity1398 episode was less than 49%, the probability of @entity1398 recurrence was less than 60%, or the CFN was less than  6,077, or the CCSF was greater than  863. In terms of @entity1 comfort, the never strategy was the best choice, except for @entity1 who considered that a course of @entity1261 caused little or no discomfort, whether or not it prevented @entity1398 . CONCLUSION: Routine use of @entity1261 during @entity151 chemotherapy is not justified by clinical benefits, improved @entity1 comfort, or economic considerations.

title: Routine use of XXXX is not cost-effective and does not increase @entity1 comfort in the treatment of @entity151 : an analysis using a Markov model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['FN', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of peribulbar anesthesia (sub-Tenon injection of @entity3303 ) on @entity910 of extraocular muscles, @entity5564 , and intraoperative and postoperative @entity1337 in @entity235 undergoing phacoemulsification. ANIMALS: 14 Beagles with ophthalmically normal eyes. PROCEDURES: A blinded randomized controlled trial was performed. @entity235 were anesthetized and assigned to 2 treatments: concurrent sub-Tenon injection of 2% @entity3303 solution (2 mL) and IV injection of saline (0.9% @entity1219 ) solution (0.02 mL/kg; @entity3303 group [n = 7]) or concurrent sub-Tenon injection of saline solution (2 mL) and IV injection of 0.2 mg of @entity5159 /kg (0.02 mL/kg; control group [7]). Pupils were dilated by topical application of a combined @entity12023 and @entity2647 ophthalmic solution. Ten minutes after the injections, pupil diameter was measured and phacoemulsification was performed. End-tidal @entity5161 concentration was used to evaluate intraoperative @entity158 . Subjective @entity158 scores were recorded during the postoperative period. RESULTS: @entity910 was induced and maintained throughout the surgery in all eyes. Mean    SD pupil diameter was significantly greater in the @entity3303 group (13.7    0.7 mm) than in the control group (12.2    0.8 mm). @entity5161 requirements were significantly lower in the @entity3303 group than the control group. However, @entity282 scores were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sub-Tenon injection of @entity3303 was an effective method for inducing @entity910 of extraocular muscles, @entity5564 , and intraoperative @entity1337 for phacoemulsification in @entity235 . Therefore, this could be another option for surgical field exposure and @entity158 management during phacoemulsification in @entity235 .

title: Effects of peribulbar anesthesia (sub-Tenon injection of a local anesthetic) on XXXX of extraocular muscles, @entity5564 , and intraoperative and postoperative @entity1337 in @entity235 undergoing phacoemulsification.

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia', 'Akinesia']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine hydrochloride', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity12023 :: ('MESH:D014331', 'Chemical') :: ['tropicamide']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['akinesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Macroprolactin primarily comprises a complex of @entity4090 molecules, particularly anti- @entity4090 autoantibodies. However, it is unknown why autoantibodies against @entity4090 develop in certain subjects. This study aimed to elucidate post-translational modifications in the @entity4090 molecule that may be involved in the pathogenesis of macroprolactinaemia. METHODS: Macroprolactinaemia was screened with a @entity968 method in 238 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 302 control subjects and confirmed by gel chromatography. We examined the relationship between macroprolactinaemia and several @entity309 -related laboratory tests including @entity1549 ( @entity1549 ) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody titres. The effect of @entity1549 on the @entity4090 molecule was examined by western blotting. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity309 exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of macroprolactinaemia (15/238; 6.3%) than the young control subjects (5/219 subjects; 2.3%), but the prevalence was not different from that observed in the elderly control subjects (5/83 subjects; 6.0%). The prevalence of macroprolactinaemia in @entity1 with elevated @entity1549 levels (9.68%) was significantly higher than that in those with normal @entity1549 levels (2.63%). Digestion of @entity4090 with @entity1549 produced vasoinhibins with several molecular species. Serum total and free @entity4090 levels in @entity309 @entity1 were higher than those in the age- and gender-matched control subjects. The levels of macroprolactin were not significantly correlated with those of @entity309 -specific anti-CCP antibody. CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that elevated @entity1549 levels may lead to the formation of new epitopes on the @entity4090 molecule that might trigger an immune response to produce anti- @entity4090 autoantibodies in some @entity1 with @entity309 . Such post-translational modifications may possibly contribute to the increased prevalence of macroprolactinaemia in elderly subjects.

title: Possible involvement of XXXX in the pathogenesis of macroprolactinaemia in some @entity1 with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1549 :: ('4314', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-3', 'MMP-3']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['PRL', 'prolactin (PRL) and IgG']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1549 :: (4314,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-3']


abstract: We have previously reported a transient and remarkable increase in @entity935 (DA) release in the @entity35 striatum during application of 2 mM @entity17376 ( @entity8773 ) through a brain microdialysis membrane. In the present study we examined the involvement of extracellular @entity141 in this response. @entity35 were divided into 4 groups. In the @entity8773 group a microdialysis probe inserted into the striatum was perfused with Ringer's solution containing 2 mM @entity8773 for 60 min. The @entity141 free + @entity8773 group was subjected to perfusion with @entity8773 dissolved in @entity141 free Ringer's solution, and the @entity10278 + @entity8773 group with the same plus 0.3 mM @entity10278 (a non-specific @entity141 channel blocker). In the @entity8773 and @entity141 free + @entity8773 groups DA levels in the dialysates increased to 36- and 44-fold of the control level, respectively, while this was suppressed to only a 16-fold increase in the @entity10278 + @entity8773 group. In response to a 100 mM @entity4338 perfusion given 3 hr later DA levels were increased (22-fold) in the control group. On the other hand this response was inhibited in the @entity8773 group (3-fold), but not in the other two groups. An in vitro study with striatal slices showed a gradual increase in intracellular @entity141 during incubation with 2 mM @entity8773 . These results suggest that excessive influx of extracellular @entity141 during @entity8773 perfusion may contribute partly to the increase in the extracellular DA level in the striatum, and also to the suppression of a DA increase in response to high K+ stimulation observed 3 hr later.

title: Role of calcium ions in XXXX release induced by @entity17376 perfusion in @entity35 striatum.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity17376 :: ('MESH:D012966', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cyanide']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, several studies were conducted to investigate the effect of @entity4259 supplementation in septic @entity1 . However, no consistent conclusion was made. Thus, we aimed to systematically summarize the available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of @entity4259 supplementation on important clinical outcomes in septic @entity1 . METHODS: A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted (up to August 25, 2012). RCTs were included if they reported the effect of @entity4259 supplementation on the treatment of septic @entity1 . A fixed-effect model was used, and in the case of significant heterogeneity, a random-effects model was employed. RESULTS: Five studies with a total of 530 @entity1 were included. Pooled analysis showed that @entity4259 supplementation did not reduce all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-1.07, P = .21), @entity55 (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.73-1.82, P = .55), or length of intensive care unit stay (weighted mean differences = 2.32 days, 95% CI: -0.05 to 4.69; P = .05). In addition, no significant difference was observed regarding adverse events between groups (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.72-1.33, P = .87). CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis showed no benefit of @entity4259 supplementation in @entity1 with @entity295 . Due to the limited number of RCTs included, more prospective multicenter clinical trials on @entity4259 therapy in septic @entity1 are warranted in the future.

title: XXXX supplementation for @entity295 : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity4259 :: (MESH:D012643,Chemical) :: ['Selenium']


abstract: @entity8 is a common complication of @entity1582 occuring in 50% of @entity1 at some stage in their disease. Pathogenesis is multifactorial. Nephrotoxic manifestations of monoclonal immunoglobulin overexpression include the ' @entity8 ', light chain @entity66 , @entity1582 , plasma cell infiltration and @entity631 . Other factors, such as hypercalcaemia, hyperuricaemia, @entity281 , hyperviscocity and nephrotoxic drugs can precipitate or exacerbate acute and @entity177 . Aggressive treatment has dramatically improved outcome in @entity1 who present with acute or @entity810 . Dialysis has become an accepted treatment acutely and in end stage @entity8 due to @entity1582 . Conventional therapy with melphalan and @entity617 is still advocated for elderly @entity1 . However, @entity177 is not a contraindication to aggressive cytoreduction, stem cell collection, double hemibody radiotherapy and autologous transplantation in those otherwise fit to tolerate these procedures. Prognosis is primarily determined by the response of the @entity1582 clone to chemotherapy. Outcome in chemosensitive @entity1 approaches that of @entity1 with equivalent disease stage without @entity8 .

title: @entity177 and @entity1582 : pathogenesis and treatment of XXXX and management of underlying @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'myeloma kidney', 'Renal impairment', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deposition disease']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'AL amyloid', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute-on-chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal failure']


abstract: @entity6872 is a rare @entity5 accounting for 5% of all plasma cell neoplasias. The diagnosis is based on identification of the localized @entity5 composed of monoclonal plasma cells identical to those observed in @entity1582 , and absence of the signs in favor of a disseminated form. We report the case of a52-year-old @entity1 who presented a growth of the chest wall in the left axillary region. Imaging disclosed a mass of tissue with a large zone of osteolysis of the 6th rib and infiltration of the chest wall. Surgical biopsy for pathology study and immunohistochemistry enabled the diagnosis of @entity6872 . Blood protein immunoelectrophoresis revealed a monoclonal kappa type IgG. Bence-Jones @entity644 was positive. Search for other localizations was negative and the diagnosis of solitary plasmocytoma was retained. Radiotherapy was delivered and the @entity1 has remained in remission at one year. Costal localization is rare for solitary plasmocytoma. The diagnosis is based on imaging findings and pathology. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice but with the risk of progression with other @entity79 , the development of medullary plasmocytosis and @entity1582 . Factors predictive of systemic recurrence have not been identified. Regular surveillance is required.

title: [ @entity6872 of the rib: a rare XXXX not to miss].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary plasmocytoma', 'costal plasmocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: AIMS: This single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed and undertaken to assess the efficacy of intravenous @entity3897 administration on @entity73 induced by head-up tilt testing in @entity1 with @entity907 . METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and thirteen consecutive @entity1 (62 male and 51 female, mean age 46.3 years) with recurrent @entity1163 , no evidence of @entity299 and a positive head-up tilt test were included in the study. Within 2 weeks of the first head-up tilt test all @entity1 underwent a second tilt test. During this second test, all @entity1 were randomized to receive a bolus of either @entity3897 (0.02 mg. kg(-1)) or placebo (isotonic saline solution). The administration of @entity3897 or placebo was performed at the onset of the haemodynamic modifications (heart rate and/or blood pressure fall) in conjunction with typical vasovagal prodromal symptoms. Treatment was taken as effective when symptoms aborted and the test was completed. In 29 of 113 @entity1 the second tilt test was negative and these @entity1 were excluded from final data analysis. Forty-one @entity1 received placebo, which was effective in nine cases (21.9%). @entity3897 was administered to 43 @entity1 and was effective in 30 cases (69.7%, P<0.01 vs placebo). The effects of treatment were analysed further to consider the haemodynamic patterns of tilt-induced vasovagal reflex. In the cardio-inhibitory form, placebo was never effective (15 cases), while @entity3897 was effective in 15 of 18 cases (83.3%, P<0.001 vs placebo). In the vasodepressor form, placebo was effective in nine of 26 @entity1 (34.6%), while @entity3897 was effective in 15 of 25 cases (60.0%, no significant difference vs placebo). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3897 is fully effective in the cardio-inhibitory form of tilt-induced vasovagal reflex, but is limited in the vasodepressor form.

title: The effect of @entity3897 in XXXX induced by head-up tilt testing.

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic impairment']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac, neurological or metabolic disease']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['vasovagal syncope']


abstract: Background. @entity8674 is one of the most common @entity74 worldwide. In Iran, it is frequently reported from northern and southern provinces. In order to prevent @entity1 birth to be affected by this complication, prenatal screening and diagnosis are carried out nationwide. However, in some instances, this program is unable to identify rare mutations leading to @entity2395 . Case Presentation. A married couple, who took part in prenatal screening and diagnosis, gave birth to a @entity1 who is affected by @entity2395 major. After several molecular examinations, a rare mutation [ @entity46764 ] in compound heterozygote state along with a common mutation [codon 8 (-AA)] was found. Conclusion. This case study suggests that more advanced molecular evaluations must be integrated in prenatal screening programs to identify rare mutations and antenatal diagnosis of @entity2395 cases.

title: Detection of Rare Beta Globin Gene Mutation [ XXXX ] in an @entity1 , Despite Prenatal Screening.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorders']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['Beta thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity46764 :: (c|SUB|G|+22|A,ProteinMutation) :: ['+22 5UTR(G>A)']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG) is a crucial element of clinical care in type 1 @entity6 , but it may not provide adequate @entity413 control. A newer alternative approach is continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) system, which allows a more thorough metabolic control. However, the results of trials comparing CGM with SMBG are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: Based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of various CGM systems compared with SMBG. METHODS: We searched major medical databases up to June 2011 for randomized controlled trials comparing CGM and SMBG in type 1 @entity6 . Studies of at least 12-week duration were included. @entity353 ( @entity353 ) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated for continuous measures and dichotomous data were expressed as odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio. RESULTS: We identified 14 relevant trials including a total of 1268 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 , of whom 670 were randomized to the CGM group and 598 to the SMBG group. @entity1 using CGM had a greater decrease in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline compared with those using SMBG ( @entity353 -0.26% [-0.34; -0.19]). We found that the magnitude of the effect was similar in the subset of @entity1 and adolescents ( @entity353 -0.25% [-0.43; -0.08]) to that in adults ( @entity353 -0.33% [-0.46; -0.2]). Only real-time devices for CGM improved glycemic control ( @entity353 -0.27% [-0.34; -0.19]). The percentage of @entity1 achieving target HbA1c was higher in the CGM group (OR 2.14 [1.41; 3.26]). Pooled results from 4 studies revealed a reduction in hypoglycemic events in the CGM group (SMD -0.32 [-0.52; -0.13]). CONCLUSIONS: CGM, partcicularly its real-time system, has a favorable effect on glycemic control and decreases the incidence of hypoglycemic episodes in both adult and pediatric @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 .

title: Efficacy and safety comparison of continuous @entity413 monitoring and self-monitoring of blood XXXX in type 1 @entity6 : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'Weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: We aimed to investigate whether oral administration of @entity3371 modulate wound @entity446 , @entity842 (NO), and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) concentration in wound fluid of @entity6 @entity35 . 48 male @entity35 were divided in four groups (n = 12). The 36 @entity35 were rendered @entity6 by @entity3839 . The animals of the first and second groups received 25 and 50 mg/kg/day @entity3371 , respectively, ( @entity3918 -cap25 and @entity3918 -cap50). The animals of the third group were treated by distilled water ( @entity3918 -control). Control @entity35 had no intervention. The wound fluid level of NO and @entity6667 were measured. Wound specimens were investigated histopathologically. At the 5th day, there was significantly more NO(x) in wound fluid of @entity3918 -cap25 compared to other groups. At the 7th day, both @entity3371 -treated groups had more NO(x) in wound fluid compared to other groups. At the 11th day, both @entity3371 -treated groups had more NO(x) in wound fluid compared to @entity3918 -control group. @entity6667 concentration was significantly higher in both @entity3371 -treated groups versus @entity3918 -control group (P < .05). There were significant higher wound @entity446 scores in @entity3371 -treated groups compared with @entity3918 -control group (P < .05). These results suggest that @entity3371 might be useful in @entity6 wound @entity446 .

title: The effect of @entity3371 on impaired wound @entity446 in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: This article describes the cases of 3 @entity1 who were treated for impending pathologic @entity174 with intramedullary stabilization who developed soft tissue @entity5 recurrence along the surgical tract site postoperatively, with confirmed histologic diagnoses consistent with each of their prior-known metastatic primaries. This sequela of treatment can lead to additional surgical procedures, longer recovery, and a delay in further systemic treatment, which negatively affects @entity1 outcomes and survival. This can occur despite the use of adjuvant radiation therapy to the surgical site. Between June 2008 and July 2010, our institution surgically treated 71 pathologic (or impending) @entity174 , of which 52 were femoral nails and 19 were humeral nails. Three of these @entity1 sustained soft @entity5 tissue recurrence along the surgical tract. Due to the unfavorable long-term prognoses for @entity1 with metastatic disease, these surgeries are palliative and not curative in nature. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to this sequala and heighten awareness for physicians who treat inpending or pathologic @entity174 . It is difficult to make strong recommendations based on a series of 3 @entity1 , but some general principles can be used. We recommend copious intraoperative irrigation of the wound sites and consideration for routine surveillance with physical examination and prompt imaging and biopsy if any suspicion for local soft tissue recurrence arises. Our approach includes fine-needle aspiration of suspicious lesions followed by resection. The plastic surgery team is consulted pre- or intraoperatively if the resection defect cannot be closed primarily. The @entity1 is also referred back to a medical oncologist for consideration of systemic chemotherapy because soft tissue @entity5 recurrence is a sign of progressive disease.

title: Soft tissue @entity5 recurrence after intramedullary stabilization of impending pathologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity794 ( @entity16330 ), a normal flora of nasal cavity, can cause minor to life threatening @entity580 . @entity3256 resistant strains of @entity16330 are causing a great challenge for treatment options. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the nasal carriage rate of @entity16330 , its @entity3256 resistant strains and risk factors in medical students prior to clinical exposure. METHODS: The bacterial growth of @entity16330 from nasal swab culture was identified by using standard microbiological methods recommended by American Society for Microbiology. Modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and @entity3256 resistance was confirmed using @entity3398 and @entity6101 disks. D-zone test method was used to determine the inducible @entity3402 resistance. RESULTS: Among 200 @entity1 , nasal carriage of @entity16330 was detected from 30 (15%) subjects. Upper respiratory tract infections significantly (P < 0.05) contributed the carriage of @entity16330 and their @entity3256 resistant strains. All of the isolates were reported to be susceptible to @entity2176 and teicoplanin. @entity16330 strains detected from 8 (4%) students were confirmed to be @entity3256 resistant. CONCLUSIONS: The result of our study demands for strict policy to screen all the students for nasal carriage of @entity16330 and its @entity794 strains to minimize the transmission of this organism from community to hospital settings.

title: Risk factors assessment for nasal colonization of @entity794 and its XXXX resistant strains among pre-clinical medical students of Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin', 'methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['invasive diseases and nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity3256 :: (MESH:D008712,Chemical) :: ['methicillin']


abstract: The @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) is a device that can be used to supply aerosolized bronchodilators to the tracheobronchial tree of @entity1 requiring endotracheal intubation. Because direct actuation of the @entity4185 into the breathing circuit is inefficient, a technique of extending the @entity4185 nozzle with small-bore, long, intravenous catheters has been devised. To facilitate connecting the @entity4185 to the extension and actuating the release of aerosol, insertion of the @entity4185 cannister into the barrel of a large syringe attached to the Luer hub of the extension has been proposed but not quantitatively evaluated. The purpose of this study was to test, in a laboratory model, the performance of syringe-actuated MDIs attached to nozzle extensions. The deposition of the bronchodilator @entity3045 in the delivery device and distal to the extension was quantified spectrophotometrically. Maximum distal delivery of drug from nozzle extensions fashioned from small-bore (19-gauge) catheters was 80% of the actuated release. Loss of drug to the inner surface of the syringe plus extension varied inversely with the number of successive actuations. Syringes from two manufacturers in two sizes were compared and found to perform comparably. Syringes could be attached to the Luer connector of the secondary sampling channel of special pediatric-sized endotracheal tubes (ETTs) and the channels were evaluated as nozzle extensions, with distal delivery > 80% as efficient as the 19-gauge intravenous catheter. We conclude that syringe actuation of MDIs through nozzle extensions is an efficient method for supplying the aerosol distal to the tip of the ETT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Syringe-actuated metered dose inhalers: a quantitative laboratory evaluation of XXXX delivery through nozzle extensions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['metered dose inhaler', 'MDI']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['albuterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several laparoscopic Duhamel-type procedures for @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) have been reported, but laparoscopic, Z-shaped, colorectal, side-to-side @entity254 has not been described. Z-shaped @entity254 has been used as the treatment of choice for @entity1963 at our clinic for a long time. A laparoscopic approach was adopted to perform this Z-shaped @entity254 in 2001. We describe herein our experiences with laparoscopic Z-shaped @entity254 and evaluate the clinical outcomes. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2010, 26 @entity1 with rectosigmoid @entity1963 underwent a laparoscopic modified Duhamel procedure comprising Z-shaped @entity254 . Mean age at operation was 17.2 months. Mean weight was 8.7 kg. No @entity1 had a colostomy. Seven @entity1 had trisomy 21 and one had @entity252 . Laparoscopic modified Duhamel procedure was performed using three 5-mm trocars. Intra- and @entity260 and functional outcomes were evaluated. @entity1 with trisomy 21 were excluded from the functional evaluation. RESULTS: The operation was completed laparoscopically for 25 of the 26 @entity1 , with only one @entity1 requiring conversion to an open procedure because of @entity1698 . Mean operating time was 296 min. In one case, a minor leak was observed. No @entity281 or related complications were observed. Mean follow-up period was 50.4 months. @entity944 secondary to @entity1964 occurred 8 months postoperatively in one case. Twenty-one of the 25 @entity1 (84%) showed episodes of @entity1142 during the early follow-up period, and one @entity1 required late myectomy due to @entity1690 . As the @entity1 grew older, the need for medication was diminished. Of the 14 @entity1 over 4 years old, excluding those @entity1 with trisomy 21, all achieved @entity4361 without @entity322 . CONCLUSIONS: Our series revealed that all @entity1 over 4 years old who underwent laparoscopic Z-shaped colorectal @entity254 achieved @entity4361 without @entity1241 . Laparoscopic Z-shaped colorectal @entity254 for @entity1963 appears feasible and safe to perform with good results.

title: Outcome of laparoscopic modified Duhamel procedure with Z-shaped @entity254 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter achalasia']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ['Klinefelter syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity4361 :: ('MESH:C537354', 'Disease') :: ['normal defecation']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the ureter']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['rotaviral enterocolitis']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (HSP) are produced in response to various stress stimuli to prevent cell damage. We evaluated the involvement of @entity842 (NO) and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in the accumulation of @entity50866 proteins in @entity523 leaves induced by abiotic and biotic stress stimuli. A model system of leaf discs was used with two @entity523 genotypes, @entity523 cv. Amateur and Solanum chmielewskii, differing in their resistance to fungal pathogen Oidium neolycopersici. Leaf discs were exposed to stress factors as @entity1457 and pathogen infection alone or in a combination, and treated with substances modulating endogenous NO and ROS levels. Two proteins of @entity50866 family were detected in stressed @entity523 leaf discs: a heat-inducible 72 kDa protein and a constitutive 75 kDa protein. The pathogenesis and mechanical stress influenced Hsp75 accumulation, whereas heat stress induced mainly @entity22472 72 production. Treatment with NO donor and NO scavenger significantly modulated the level of @entity50866 in variable manner related to the genotype resistance. @entity50866 accumulation correlated with endogenous NO level in @entity523 and ROS levels in S. chmielewskii. We conclude NO and ROS are involved in the regulation of @entity50866 production and accumulation under abiotic and biotic stresses in dependence on plant ability to trigger its defence mechanisms.

title: @entity842 and reactive @entity26 species regulate the accumulation of @entity1457 proteins in XXXX leaves in response to @entity1457 and pathogen infection.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'S. lycopersicum', 'Solanum lycopersicum']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the region-specific nature of @entity1 @entity4623 , there is a paucity of information regarding the molecular basis of prostate regionalization and patterning. To elucidate genetic mechanisms that underlie prostate growth and development, we investigated differential gene expression in @entity19 prostate lobes. METHODS: mRNA differential display analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes during development of ventral, anterior, and dorsolateral prostate lobes. Differential gene expression was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR. RESULTS: A novel gene, @entity50054 ( @entity50054 ) was identified. @entity50054 mRNA was evident in all lobes but accumulated predominantly in the ventral prostate, and was detected on postnatal day 7 through adulthood exclusively in the prostate gland. The steady-state level of @entity50054 mRNA decreased markedly in response to castration, suggesting @entity342 regulation of @entity50054 expression. Analysis of @entity14913 @entity5 demonstrated a dramatic decrease in the level of @entity50054 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial distribution and early postnatal onset of @entity50054 expression is consistent with a role for this gene in prostate regionalization. The absolute prostate specificity of @entity50054 expression may allow this gene to serve as a paradigm to study the molecular basis of gene expression that is restricted exclusively to the prostate gland.

title: Ventral prostate predominant l, a novel XXXX gene expressed exclusively in the prostate.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity50054 :: ('77432(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Ventral prostate predominant1', 'Vpp1']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostate disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Background. @entity1118 could be influenced by @entity1109 such as @entity308 , @entity148 , and stress that also affect daily life. Methods. @entity1 with @entity1118 caused by an injury (n = 86) aged 18-65 years referred to the @entity158 Rehabilitation Clinic at the Ume   University Hospital answered a set of questionnaires to assess @entity158 intensity, @entity308 , @entity148 , posttraumatic stress, @entity25 , and @entity1295 . Results. A significantly higher proportion of @entity1 (47.5%) reported @entity308 ( @entity308 ( @entity308 )) than @entity1 (22.2%). In all @entity1 @entity148 ( @entity308 ) was reported by 39.5% and moderate/severe posttraumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale) by 30.2%. A majority reported @entity25 (84.9%) and @entity1295 (90.7%). Significant relationships were found between posttraumatic stress and @entity308 and @entity148 . Conclusion. These findings indicate the importance of assessing and treating @entity1109 associated with @entity1118 as the result of @entity130 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 with injury-related @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale', 'HAD', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain', 'Chronic injury-related pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['Psychological symptoms']


abstract: This paper reported surgical treatment on 154 @entity1 with @entity339 . Of them, pure @entity339 only existed in 23 cases, the associated anomalies in 131 cases. Surgical repair of mitral valve were performed in 144 cases, replacement of valve were done in 10 cases. Surgical repair included plication of the commissure in 125 cases, closure of the fenestration of the large leaflet in 1 case, partial resection of the small leaflet with approximation and @entity340 annuloplasty in 3 cases, shortening of elongated chordae taeniae in large leaflet in 4 cases, respectively. The smallest age within all @entity1 undergoing mitral replacement was 3 years. There were 1 early and late death, respectively, in this group. However, reoperation were performed in 2 cases for unsatisfactory repair and 1 case for failure of prosthetic valve. The results showed that echocardiography is a simple and effective tool in preoperative diagnosis and making selection of operative indication, finally, leading to proper repair of associated anomalies. Surgical repair on cases of @entity339 should be the first choice, and proper procedure should be selected according to the type of mitral @entity85 . The results were satisfactory even without artificial @entity340 . Valve replacement was considered to be essential on severe @entity1 and unsatisfactory repair. On @entity1 , slight large valve with double leaflets was preferable.

title: [Surgical treatment of @entity339 ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valve deformity']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve ring']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['CMVI']


abstract: The aim of our study was to assess the influence of intraoperative @entity519 stress -unavoidably brought about by so called Pringle maneuver - on free and conjugated @entity2661 during major hepatic resection. Judging from earlier results of fatigue-experiments in @entity35 we also wanted to check the relationship between of poor general @entity558 and conspicuously low @entity412 serum concentrations. The study included 26 @entity1 with @entity96 . The mean age was 54 years (range 27-79). Twenty-one @entity1 had segmental liver resections, 3 had hemihepatectomies and 2 hydatid cysts were treated by cystectomy. Blood samples were taken 2 days before and throughout surgery. @entity2922 plasma values were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Statistical comparisons were made by t-test, ANOVA and chi square test. Free plasma @entity2661 increased significantly during prolonged intraoperative @entity63 (Pringle time 50-125 minutes). @entity1 with elevated intraoperative @entity2661 had a significant correlation to @entity86 of @entity591 , and prolonged hospital stay. On the other hand, we could also see @entity591 in @entity1 with short Pringle times (18-49 minutes) but with decreased preoperative serum @entity1674 as an indicator of chronic stress and @entity146 . Intraoperative @entity519 stress is associated with increased @entity2922 values. Elevated @entity2661 may well cause postoperative sinus- @entity591 (mean 20 hours) and are strongly related to @entity1578 and prolonged hospital stay.

title: Liver ischemia, @entity2661 and @entity558 influencing XXXX in liver surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative condition']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['primary and secondary liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced general condition']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'postoperative tachycardias', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative liver failure']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative episodes']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine', 'catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['postoperative tachycardia']


abstract: Bone involvement, a hallmark of @entity5 , results in intolerable @entity158 , substantial morbidity, and impaired quality of life in 34%-45% of @entity5 @entity1 . Despite the publication of 15 studies on massage therapy (MT) in @entity5 @entity1 , little is known about the longitudinal effects of MT and safety in @entity5 @entity1 with bone @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility of MT and to examine the effects of MT on present @entity158 intensity (PPI), @entity148 , and physiological relaxation over a 16- to 18-hour period in 30 Taiwanese @entity5 @entity1 with bone metastases. A quasi-experimental, one-group, pretest-post-test design with repeated measures was used to examine the time effects of MT using single-item scales for @entity158 (PPI-visual analog scale [VAS]) and @entity148 ( @entity227 ), the modified Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MSF-MPQ), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). MT was shown to have effective immediate [t(29)=16.5, P=0.000; t(29)=8.9, P=0.000], short-term (20-30 minutes) [t(29)=9.3, P=0.000; t(29)=10.1, P=0.000], intermediate (1-2.5 hours) [t(29)=7.9, P=0.000; t(29)=8.9, P=0.000], and long-term benefits (16-18 hours) [t(29)=4.0, P=0.000; t(29)=5.7, P=0.000] on PPI and @entity148 . The most significant impact occurred 15 [F=11.5(1,29), P<0.002] or 20 [F=20.4(1,29), P<0.000] minutes after the intervention. There were no significant time effects in decreasing or increasing HR and MAP. No @entity1 reported any adverse effects as a result of MT. Clinically, the time effects of MT can assist health care providers in implementing MT along with pharmacological treatment, thereby enhancing @entity5 management. Randomized clinical trials are needed to validate the effectiveness of MT in this @entity5 population.

title: Effects of a full-body massage on @entity158 intensity, XXXX , and physiological relaxation in Taiwanese @entity1 with metastatic @entity158 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-VAS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Few studies have investigated the use of dressings on @entity1 with @entity4760 . This paper reports the results of a non-comparative, two-centre study investigating the performance characteristics of SeaSorb dressing in @entity1 with this condition. This was an exploratory study to determine the potential use of this dressing, and not a large randomised control trial. All @entity1 had @entity4760 of 1 cm or more in diameter, classified as Wagner grade I or II, with an ankle brachial pressure index of > 0.4. The investigators carried out objective assessments including photography and @entity1066 tracing as well as subjective assessments of exudate levels, wound bed condition, peri- @entity1066 skin condition, ease of application and removal of the dressing, dressing conformability, discomfort during dressing application and removal, and clinical signs of @entity281 . Investigators recruited 41 @entity1 in two sites (31 in site one and 10 in site two). Of these, the findings relating to 39 @entity1 could be evaluated. The @entity1 were treated for a maximum of six weeks or until the @entity1066 healed. The study found that 28.2% (11/39) of the @entity1066 healed within the six-week period. Overall, there was a significant reduction in mean @entity1066 area from 2.8 cm 2 to 1.02 cm 2 from week 0 to week six. The relative @entity1066 area showed a significant decrease from 100% to 33%. For @entity1 who experienced @entity158 (11 @entity1 ), its intensity decreased over the six weeks. Severe maceration was not reported for any @entity1 throughout the study. Six @entity1 required treatment for @entity281 . A total of 12 adverse events were reported: seven mild to moderate and five severe. None were directly attributed to the study dressing.

title: Exploring the use of an alginate dressing for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer pain']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulceration']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: Topographical and quantitative features of medial thalamic neurons in which @entity492 ( @entity2574 ) or @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) might act as neurotransmitters were investigated in the @entity35 . The @entity460 -binding protein calbindin D-28k (CB) was exploited as a marker of neuronal subsets, thus allowing us to study also the relationships between the CB-containing neurons and those immunoreactive to excitatory @entity1522 . Double immunocytochemistry of @entity2574 and CB or @entity367 and CB was performed in 40-microm-thick sections. The three markers were distributed in the thalamic midline, mediodorsal, anterior intralaminar and ventromedial nuclei, with regional variations. @entity2574 -immunoreactive neurons appeared more numerous than the @entity367 -immunoreactive ones throughout these structures; @entity2574 -CB or @entity367 -CB double-immunostained neurons were evident. @entity2574 -, @entity367 - and CB-immunoreactive cells were then quantitatively evaluated in 5-microm-thick consecutive sections. Interindividual variations and different anti- @entity2574 and anti- @entity367 antibodies did not result in significant differences. @entity2574 and @entity367 were not co-localized. Single @entity2574 - or @entity367 -immunoreactive neurons accounted for 60% of the total number of immunostained cells, and single @entity2574 -immunopositive cells represented more than half of these neurons. Among the CB-immunoreactive cells (40% of the total), half were double immunostained; the proportion of double CB- @entity2574 -immunopositive neurons was sevenfold higher than that of the CB- @entity367 -immunoreactive ones. These results indicate that @entity2574 may act as excitatory neurotransmitter in a relatively high proportion of medial thalamic neurons, in which @entity2574 frequently coexists with CB. Approximately 50% of the CB-immunoreactive cells did not contain either @entity2574 or @entity367 , suggesting that some medial thalamic neurons may utilize a different neurotransmitter.

title: XXXX , @entity492 and co-localization with calbindin in the medial thalamus. An immunohistochemical study in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']


abstract: The influence of detergents on cloned @entity972 channels expressed in @entity1238 oocytes was investigated. Bath application of @entity6000 caused a dose-dependent reduction of the peak current through the delayed rectifier channel @entity10903 and a fast, time- and voltage-dependent, current inactivation. Onset of inactivation was observed at concentrations as low as 1 microM; at 100 microM inactivation proceeded with a time constant of about 50 ms at +50 mV. The effect of Triton did not compete with extracellular @entity1041 and the tail current kinetics was accelerated, indicating that the molecular mechanism is not a simple open-channel block. In patch-clamp recordings the effects were readily reversible and application of detergents from the inside were most effective. Triton induced similar effects in @entity14489 channels; for @entity10901 ., d-eag, and @entity45413 mainly a current reduction was observed. No effect of 100 microM Triton was found for the plant inward rectifier channel @entity45414 . Investigation of Shaker channel mutants revealed a dependence of the Triton effect upon the degree and nature of C-type inactivation. Only detergents with a long hydrophobic @entity1735 chain and a hydrophilic chain of the @entity968 type caused inactivation of @entity10903 (e.g., Triton X-100, Thesit, @entity30131 were active; CHAPS and @entity45415 wre inactive). The presented data reveal that there are channel- and detergent-specific interactions which can result in fast inactivation leading to physiological effects similar to those exerted by local anesthetics and antiarrhythmic agents.

title: Influence of detergents on the function of cloned XXXX channels.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: The role of the spleen in the process of @entity1575 in @entity2040 still needs clarification. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of splenectomy on serum levels of two markers of @entity82 , type IV collagen and @entity2843 , in @entity1 with @entity2040 mansoni. Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity1213 in the study. Type IV collagen and @entity2843 serum levels were measured preoperatively, and after 2 ( @entity773 ) and 60 days (POD-2) of spleen removal. Before splenectomy, both type IV collagen and @entity2843 serum levels were elevated in the majority of @entity1 . After splenectomy, the levels of type IV collagen showed a significant decrease in relation to the preoperative values both in @entity773 (median pre-splenectomy: 143.7 ng/ml versus 77.01 ng/ml; p=0.04) and POD-2 (103.3 ng/ml; p=0.015). Serum levels of @entity2843 also showed a significant decrease in relation to the preoperative values both in @entity773 (pre-splenectomy: 585.9 ng/ml versus 196.4 ng/ml; p=0.008) and POD-2 (97.4 ng/ml; p<0.001). There was no difference between @entity773 and POD-2 values for each serum marker. In conclusion, splenectomy in schistosomotic @entity1 was associated with a decrease in serum markers of @entity82 levels, which persisted for at least 60 days. These results suggest that the spleen may play a role in the extra cellular matrix production, and therefore may contribute to @entity1575 in @entity2040 mansoni.

title: Decrease of type IV collagen and XXXX serum levels after splenectomy in @entity1 with @entity2040 mansoni.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni participated']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['TIMP-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Steroid hormonal contraceptives are highly effective and widely used. Most studies have shown a negative effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of adolescents. The study was conducted to compare @entity79 among users of @entity2082 /desogestrel, users of @entity2082 / @entity3429 and nonhormonal control subjects in @entity1 aged 16-18 years. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 450 @entity1 16-18 years of age. One hundred fifty @entity1 were using @entity2082 /desogestrel, 150 @entity1 were using @entity2082 / @entity3429 , and 150 @entity1 were using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects. @entity79 ofthe lumbar spine and femoral neck was obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and mean @entity79 changes in COCs users and nonusers were compared. RESULTS: At 24 months of treatment, lumbar spine and femoral neck mean @entity79 values in @entity1 (n=127) who used @entity2082 /desogestrel were slightly lower compared with baseline, but these effects did not reach statistical significance (p=.837 and p=.630, respectively). The mean lumbar spine and femoral neck @entity79 values in @entity1 (n=134) who used @entity2082 / @entity3429 were slightly higher compared with baseline, but there was no statistical significance (p=.789 and p=.756, respectively). The increases in mean percent change in lumbar spine and femoral neck @entity79 in the @entity2082 / @entity3429 group were less than those in the control group (1.88% vs. 0.30% and 0.98% vs. 0.49%, respectively). There were no significant differences in mean @entity79 of the lumbar spine and femoral neck between the users of @entity2082 / @entity7281 or @entity2082 / @entity3429 and nonusers (p>.05). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that 2 years of COCs therapy had no significant effect on bone density in adolescents, but it remains unknown whether therapy longer than 2 years has a significant adverse effect on the attainment of peak bone mass.

title: Effect of two kinds of different combined oral contraceptives use on XXXX in adolescent @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity7281 :: ('MESH:D017135', 'Chemical') :: ['desogestrel']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: During the first year the @entity64 enrolled 599 volunteers without clinical signs or symptoms of @entity66 aged 50 to 70 years. Study @entity1 were randomly selected from the official register of the city of Graz. The rate of positive response was 26.9 percent. All subjects underwent an extensive risk factor screening with Duplex scanning of the carotid arteries obtained from a subset of 176 individuals. The prevalence of well-documented cerebrovascular risk factors was 40.6% for arterial @entity101 , 35.4% for @entity299 , 8.5% for @entity6 und 3% for elevated haematocrit. The less well-documented cerebrovascular risk factors @entity2299 , overweight, physical inactivity, hyperfibrinogenemia and smoking were noted in 75%, 33.7%, 27.2%, 14.9% and 12.2% of subjects, respectively. Multiple well-documented risk factors were noted in 23.7% of the examined volunteers. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed body mass index (p < 0.0001) and age (p < 0.0001) as independent predictors of the frequency of well-documented risk factors observed in any individual. @entity2998 occurred in 61.9% of study @entity1 investigated by Doppler sonography and was significantly associated with age (p < 0.00001), life-time @entity286 consumption (p < 0.0001) and the concentration of apolipoprotein B (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates high prevalence rates of vascular risk factors in an elderly Austrian community. Implications for @entity64 prevention result from the conjunction of overweight and frequency of risk factors noted in any study @entity1 , as well as from the relationship of @entity2998 to smoking and @entity2299 .

title: Cerebrovascular risk factors in an elderly Austrian population: first year results of the XXXX ( @entity64 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Austrian Stroke Prevention Study', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Austrian Stroke Prevention Study']


abstract: This article summarizes our experience with the operative management of @entity2792 in a contemporary population of elderly @entity1 . During a recent 18-month period 35 of 74 @entity1 (47%) undergoing an operation for @entity2792 at our center were in their seventh (21 @entity1 ) or eighth (14 @entity1 ) decade of life (mean age, 68 years). There were 17 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 with blood pressures ranging from 176/90 mm Hg to 280/215 mm Hg (mean, 213/121 mm Hg). Twenty-seven @entity1 (77%) had @entity177 (serum @entity1011 greater than or equal to 1.3 mg/dl). Nineteen @entity1 had severe insufficiency (serum @entity1011 greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dl), with five of these @entity1 being dependent on dialysis. Thirty-three of 35 @entity1 (94%) had evidence of organ-specific @entity731 as manifested by @entity299 (72%), @entity66 (37%), or @entity177 (77%). Operative management consisted of unilateral revascularization in 17 @entity1 (includes three @entity717 ), bilateral renal revascularization in 17 @entity1 , and primary nephrectomy in one. Simultaneous aortic replacement was performed in nine @entity1 . There were two operative deaths (5.7%) and two postoperative graft @entity715 (4%). @entity101 was cured (three) or improved (27) in 30 of the 33 survivors (91%). Renal function was improved in six and worsened in two @entity1 with severe non-dialysis-dependent @entity177 . Three of five @entity1 who were dependent on dialysis before surgery were removed from dialysis after renal revascularization. On follow-up (mean, 10.3 months) we found that five @entity1 had died. This article emphasizes the complexity of @entity731 in the current population presenting for operative management of @entity2792 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Management of XXXX in the elderly population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral nephrectomies']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic damage']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: The authors studied functional state of circulation in various terms after operation. Depending on @entity254 creation two group of @entity1 different by visceral hemodynamics change were identified. 58 @entity1 were examined before operation, one year and later after the operation. Functional state of central hemodynamics was evaluated with echo- and Dopplercardiography. It was revealed that after operation the number of @entity1 with hyperdynamic type of circulation decreased. A year after distal splenorenal @entity254 creation number of @entity1 with hyperdynamic type of central hemodynamics decreased by 20%. Later, regardless of @entity254 type increased cardiac index was revealed in 32.32 and 36.3% @entity1 respectively after total and selective @entity254 creation. After total bypass more severe @entity74 ( @entity67 and @entity74 ) developed. After distal splenorenal @entity254 creation @entity74 were seen later due to increase of bypass volume blood flow. Increase of venous return leads to moderate diastolic overloading and @entity1283 .

title: [Central hemodynamics in the remote period in XXXX operated for extrahepatic portal hypertension].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic disorders', 'inotropic disorders']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Rapid improvements in walking distance and quality of life have been identified in @entity1 with @entity613 following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, but the medium-term results are less well defined. The aim of this study was to assess quality of life and walking distance in the medium term. Walking distance was assessed before percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and at 6 weeks and 1 year after the procedure using a previously validated questionnaire. At the same time, quality of life was assessed using a EuroQol questionnaire and a visual analogue scoring system. Twenty-four @entity1 (12 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 , mean age 65 years) underwent successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (five iliac, 17 femoropopliteal, two both). Significant improvements in walking distance and quality of life were demonstrated following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. These were maintained at 1 year, although perceived health state deteriorated. During the study period, six @entity1 developed other serious comorbidities. Development of comorbid conditions may affect the medium-term outcome of quality of life studies in @entity1 treated for @entity613 . Data from such studies should therefore be interpreted with care.

title: Quality of life changes after angioplasty for XXXX : medium-term results affected by comorbid conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['claudication']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To further explore the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous @entity3826 ( @entity3827 ) in treating off episodes in @entity3827 -na  ve @entity1 with advanced @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: 56 @entity1 receiving optimized oral anti- @entity191 medication were evaluated on separate days for response to single increasing doses of @entity3827 . Acute response to oral anti- @entity191 medication and @entity3827 dose escalation (2-10 mg) was evaluated under unblinded conditions. At the 4 mg @entity3827 dose, placebo was randomly introduced under double-blind crossover conditions. RESULTS: Mean changes from pre-dose in Unified @entity191 Rating Scale motor scores indicated significant improvement following @entity3827 4 mg versus placebo at 20 min (p=0.0002), 40 min (p<0.0001; maximum improvement) and 90 min (p=0.0229). Improvements showed significant dose-response at 20 min, 40 min (both p<0.0001) and 90 min (p=0.0049). Adverse events were more common with @entity3827 than placebo, and also showed significant dose-response (p<0.0001). Common adverse events associated with @entity3827 included @entity7875 , @entity1296 , @entity390 , @entity2147 and @entity910 , and were generally mild to moderate. There were no significant differences between @entity3827 and placebo in the incidence of @entity551 associated with a postural change from a sitting to standing position. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous @entity3827 provided rapid, effective relief of off episodes associated with advanced @entity191 .

title: Subcutaneous @entity3826 in XXXX with advanced @entity191 : a dose-escalation study with randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover evaluation of a single dose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To determine whether @entity1 brains contain deiodinating pathways, we studied the activity of T4 5-monodeiodinase (5-D) in 20 @entity1 @entity1313 obtained intraoperatively, including @entity816 (10), @entity1653 (4), @entity3271 (2), @entity463 (2), @entity2946 (1), and @entity706 (1). Mitochondrial-microsomal fractions prepared from these @entity5 tissues were used as the source of T4 5-D. Each sample was incubated with 32.2 nmol/L T4 and 30 mmol/L @entity3902 at 37 C for 90 min. T4 5-D activity was measured by the production of rT3 from T4 with a RIA. T4 5-D activity was found in 6 of 10 @entity816 , 2 @entity3271 , 1 of 2 @entity463 , and 1 @entity706 . This activity depended on protein concentration, incubation time, incubation temperature, and pH of the incubation mixture. It was also heat labile. T4 5-D was not inhibited by 1 mmol/L @entity5652 , but was inhibited by @entity34089 and @entity13394 in a dose-dependent manner. The apparent Km and maximum velocity for T4 5-D at 30 mmol/L @entity3902 were 106.6 nmol/L and 22.7 pmol/mg protein.h, respectively. These data suggest that @entity1 @entity11 (and probably @entity706 ) contain T4 5-D activity, which is similar to type III enzyme activity in the @entity35 . T4 5-D may regulate the intracellular concentration of thyroid hormone in @entity11 .

title: Thyroxine 5-deiodinase in XXXX @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity34089 :: ('MESH:D007480', 'Chemical') :: ['iopanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity13394 :: ('MESH:D006051', 'Chemical') :: ['aurothioglucose']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['propylthiouracil']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that T(H)1/T(H)2 and T(C)1/T(C)2 cell imbalances are implicated in @entity565 pathogenesis. However, the relationship of T-cell profiles to @entity32 has not been understood. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between peripheral blood T-cell profiles and airway inflammatory parameters. METHODS: Subjects included 21 @entity1 with @entity12131 and 20 healthy control subjects. After stimulation with @entity1359 and @entity1360 , flow cytometry was used to analyze intracellular cytokine staining for @entity379 and @entity3646 in peripheral blood @entity404 (+) and CD8(+) T cells. Airway @entity32 was assessed by using exhaled @entity842 analysis and induced sputum eosinophil counts. RESULTS: There were a significantly increased proportion of @entity3646 -producing @entity404 (+) T cells (median, 2.7% [interquartile range, 2.4% to 3.3%] vs 1.8% [interquartile range, 1.3% to 2.7%]) and a lower ratio of @entity379 -producing/ @entity3646 -producing @entity404 (+) T cells (7.3% [interquartile range, 5.8% to 9.5%] vs 10.0% [interquartile range, 8.8% to 13.2%]) in @entity748 @entity1 compared with in healthy subjects (P < .01) but no increase or decrease in the proportion of @entity379 -producing @entity404 (+) T cells. No significant difference was found in the proportion of @entity379 - or @entity3646 -producing CD8(+) T cells between the 2 groups. The proportion of @entity3646 -producing @entity404 (+) T cells was significantly correlated with exhaled @entity842 (r = 0.48, P < .05) and induced sputum eosinophil counts (r = 0.50, P < .05). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate a correlation between peripheral blood T(H)2 cytokine production and markers of @entity32 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: There is an association between immune function and clinical indicators in @entity565 .

title: Correlation between peripheral blood T-cell profiles and @entity32 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity12131 :: (MESH:C565292,Disease) :: ['atopic asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To ascertain whether the configuration and location of leakages identified at computed tomography (CT) could provide evidence of their angiographically and fluoroscopically confirmed causes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 aged 26-79 years underwent endovascular repair of traumatic (n = 4) or @entity1294 (n = 46) @entity449 (four thoracic, 46 infrarenal). Radiographic examinations in three planes and helical CT were performed 1 week after implantation and every 3 months thereafter. Angiography was performed when there was evidence of a leakage at CT. RESULTS: CT demonstrated evidence of leakages in 13 @entity1 . Broad-based leakages immediately adjacent to the prosthesis were termed "perigraft leakages." If the area most affected by the leakage lay along the border of the @entity439 , then retrograde leakages were apparent at angiography. If the leakage was ventral to the prosthesis, then its source was the inferior mesenteric artery; if it was dorsolateral, then it was supplied by either the lumbar arteries or the median sacral artery through the hypogastric artery. One circumferential leakage could not be evaluated adequately at CT or angiography. Radiography depicted a @entity397 of the stent mesh in the middle of the prosthesis. Selective angiography demonstrated all types of leakages and permitted CT classification. CONCLUSION: The cause of a leakage can be determined with CT on the basis of its configuration and location in the majority of cases.

title: Leakages after endovascular repair of XXXX : classification based on findings at CT, angiography, and radiography.

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is an established treatment for end-stage @entity712 . Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction develops in 20% to 50% of @entity1 after LVAD implantation, leading to prolonged ICU stay and elevated mortality. However, the prediction of RV failure remains difficult. METHODS: The pre-operative echocardiographic parameters, @entity997 ( @entity997 ), RV end-diastolic diameter (cut-off >35 mm), RV ejection fraction (cut-off <30%), right atrial dimension (cut-off >50 mm) and short/long axis ratio (cut-off >0.6), were analyzed retrospectively in 54 @entity1 . @entity1 were divided into two groups. One group consisted of @entity1 with RV failure (n = 9), as defined by the presence of two of the following criteria in the first 48 hours after surgery: mean arterial pressure < or =55 mm Hg; central venous pressure > or =16 mm Hg; mixed venous saturation < or =55%; cardiac index <liters/min/m(2); inotropic support score >20 units; or need for an RVAD. The other @entity1 comprised the non-RV-failure group (n = 45). RESULTS: The RV failure group had a significantly higher short/long axis ratio of the RV (0.63 vs 0.52, p = 0.03; odds ratio 4.4, p = 0.011). For @entity1 with a short/long axis ratio of the RV of <0.6, RV failure occurred in 7% of @entity1 , as compared with 50% for @entity1 with a ratio > or =0.6 (p = 0.013). Among @entity1 with @entity997 Grade III or IV, 75% developed RV failure as compared with 12% in @entity1 with @entity997 Grade I or II (p = 0.054). The odds ratio for RV failure after LVAD implantation for @entity997 Grade III or IV was 4.7 (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative evaluation of @entity997 and RV geometry may help to select @entity1 who would benefit from biventricular support.

title: XXXX and geometry of the right ventricle as predictors of right ventricular function after implantation of a left ventricular assist device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TI', 'tricuspid incompetence']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['Tricuspid incompetence']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is the most common and devastating form of primary central nervous system malignancy. The prognosis for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity463 is poor, having a median survival rate of 12-15 months. Despite modern advances in the development of antineoplastic agents, the efficacy of newer anti- @entity5 agents in the treatment of @entity463 is yet to be determined. Thus, there remains a significant unmet need for new therapeutic strategies against @entity463 . A promising chemotherapeutic intervention has emerged from studies of cannabinoid receptor agonists wherein @entity839 has been the most extensively studied. The novel cannabinoid ligand @entity45154 was developed as a lead platform for future optimization of biopharmaceutical properties of classical based cannabinoid ligands. Treatment of U87MG @entity1 @entity463 cells with @entity45154 caused a time dependent change in the phosphorylation profiles of @entity8047 , @entity1366 , @entity584 , @entity1835 , @entity4104 , and @entity15080 . Almost complete mitochondrial depolarization was observed 6 h post-treatment followed by a rapid increase in cleaved caspase 3 and significant cytoskeletal contractions. Treatment with @entity45154 also resulted in a redistribution of the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum structures. Dose escalation studies in the orthotopic model using U87MG cells revealed an 80 % reduction in @entity5 size after 12 mg/kg daily dosing for 20 days. The evaluation of @entity45154 against @entity5 tissue in the side flank model revealed a significant decrease in the rate of @entity5 growth. These findings indicate that structural refinement of @entity45154 to improve its biopharmaceutical properties may lead to a novel and efficacious treatment for @entity463 .

title: Mechanism of anti-glioma activity and in vivo efficacy of the cannabinoid ligand XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrocannabinol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity45154 :: (MESH:C512823,Chemical) :: ['KM-233']


abstract: @entity65 are responsible for nearly one of every two deaths in the United States, and have been estimated to cost more than  127 billion annually. Epidemiologic data have shown that @entity1 with fewer or lower levels of the risk factors for @entity65 are less likely to have a cardiovascular event. In addition, the greater the level of any single risk factor, the greater is the chance of incurring disease. Moreover, a combination of risk factors creates a synergistic effect, further increasing risk. Conversely, reducing the number and level of risk factors prevents @entity204 and disability from @entity65 . This report addresses the management of @entity1 with several cardiovascular risk factors, placing a special emphasis on @entity101 and high blood @entity165 . Nonpharmacologic therapy, in the form of proper diet, exercise, and smoking cessation, is the foundation for management of both @entity101 and high blood @entity165 . Clinicians should use these nondrug measures as definitive or adjunctive therapy. Pharmacologic agents can be very beneficial in managing the risks imposed by elevated levels of blood pressure or blood @entity165 . In selecting medications, it is important to weight their benefits, costs, and potential untoward effects. Clinicians must consider these issues in managing @entity1 with several risk factors but should not avoid managing any risk factor or quickly dismiss any particular mode of therapy simply because of the potential for adverse effects.

title: National Education Programs Working Group report on the management of @entity1 with @entity101 and high blood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']