abstract: The effect of electrical field stimulation (EFS) on smooth muscle strips from the @entity1573 crop was investigated. The EFS (5 Hz, 2 ms, 400 mA; 10 Hz, 2 ms, 400 mA; 5 Hz, 2 ms, 500 mA; 10 Hz, 2 ms, 500 mA) produced contractions in all preparations. @entity3897 (10(-5) mol l-1) diminished muscle contraction in response to EFS. @entity1022 (5 X 10(-6) mol l-1) fully suppressed the contractile responses to EFS. A @entity750 antagonist ( @entity3858 , 10(-4) mol l-1) did not alter contractions elicited by EFS. @entity1169 (10(-5) mol l-1) led to an increase of contractions induced by EFS. @entity1063 (10(-6)-10(-4) mol l-1) reduced @entity934 -induced (1.1 X 10(-6) mol l-1) contraction of the crop smooth muscle strips. @entity1169 (10(-5) mol l-1) abolished @entity1063 -induced relaxation almost fully. @entity1022 (5 X 10(-6) mol l-1) did not change the relaxing effect of @entity1063 . These results suggested that the responses of crop smooth muscle to EFS involve excitatory cholinergic and non-cholinergic (probably peptidergic) as well as inhibitory adrenergic nerves.

title: Effect of electrical field stimulation on muscle strips from XXXX crop.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Carbapenem- and multiply-resistant @entity3064 (C-MRAB) are challenging pathogens, often susceptible only to polymyxins and @entity9001 . We reviewed clinical outcomes in relation to antibiotic treatment for 166 consecutive @entity1 infected or colonised with these organisms at 18 hospitals around London, UK. Clinical data were obtained along with the isolates, which were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Outcomes were compared for colonised and infected @entity1 and in relation to treatment, with associations examined by logistic regression. Most subjects (103/166; 62%) were in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) or high dependency units; 84 (50.6%) were judged to be infected and 73 (44.0%) were colonised, with 9 indeterminate. Among the 166 C-MRAB isolates, 141 belonged to OXA-23 clone 1, a European clone II lineage. Survival rates among infected and colonised @entity1 were 68% and 67%, respectively (P > 0.05), indicating little attributable mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated poorer outcomes among @entity281 @entity1 and those with @entity358 , whereas @entity130 @entity1 had significantly better outcomes than the generality. Outcomes varied with hospital, even in multivariate analysis, reflecting either differences in management or case mix. There was little association between outcome and therapy with @entity3273 and/or @entity9001 except that, among @entity1 with @entity1729 , 12/15 treated with intravenous @entity3273 alone had poor outcome compared with 1/8 whose therapy include nebulised @entity3273 . This difference was significant (P=0.003), although the @entity1 receiving nebulised drug were mostly younger, included @entity130 cases and were at a hospital with good outcomes.

title: Antimicrobial treatment and clinical outcome for @entity281 with carbapenem- and multiply-resistant XXXX around London.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ICU-infected']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection or bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is the most @entity66 caused by the inflammatory demyelinating process that causes @entity3002 over the time. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging technology, which can measure the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer as well as the diameter of the macula. The purpose of the study is evaluation OCT findings in two common types of @entity15 . For doing the cross-sectional study, 63 @entity1 with two prevalent types of @entity15 (35 @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) and 28 @entity1 with @entity19383 ( @entity19383 ) were evaluated for 6 months. Exclusion criteria of the study were a history of @entity7995 , suffering from @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity2194 , and the presence of other @entity179 . Then, the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), as well as thickness and volume of the macula, were measured in the @entity1 using OCT technology. The disability rate of @entity1 was evaluated according to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Finally, data was analyzed by means of SPSS software. Overall, 35 @entity1 with @entity3780 (with mean age of 32.37+10.01, average disease period of 3.81+3.42 and mean EDSS of 1.84+0.45) and 28 @entity1 with @entity19383 (with mean age of 39.21+9.33, average disease period of 11.32+5.87 and mean EDSS of 5.12+1.46) were assessed and compared in terms of retinal nerve fiber layer and size and thickness of macula. In all of these sections, the thicknesses were smaller in @entity19383 @entity1 than @entity1 with @entity3780 . But, there was a significant difference in total thickness (81.82  m versus 96.03  m with P=0.04) and thickness of temporal sector (54.5   m versus 69.34   m with P=0.04) of retinal nerve fiber layer and macular size at the superior sector of external ring (1.48 mm   versus 1.58 mm   with P=0.03), and nasal sector of external ring surrounding macula (1.53 mm   versus 1.66 mm   with P=0.03). No significant correlation was found among rising disability and reduced thickness of macula and optic nervous layer. Based on the study results, it can be said that OCT is a useful method for showing @entity528 severity and evaluation of various drugs effects on the course of @entity15 , and thus we can change drugs based on OCT findings for achieving best results.

title: Findings of Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Two Common Types of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['Relapse Remitting Multiple Sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['progressive nervous system degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity19383 :: ('MESH:D020528', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis', 'SPMS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS', 'MS disease', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 is common, causes considerable morbidity, and imposes a major financial burden on both society and the National Health Service. The National Service Framework (NSF) for @entity301 ( @entity301 ) set national standards for the management of @entity1 with @entity712 in England. We examined how @entity1 with @entity712 were investigated and treated compared with NSF standards, and explored the current constraints in improving the care of these @entity1 . METHODS: This study was carried out in two general practices (total list size 19,600) in south London. Using a computer search strategy, @entity1 with possible @entity712 were identified and clinical data extracted from their medical records. Workshops on @entity712 were held at a national conference on disease management in primary care, and key stakeholders were interviewed to identify constraints in improving management. RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 with @entity712 were identified through the computerized search. Seventy-eight @entity1 (87 per cent) had a Read code for @entity712 on their electronic medical record. Forty-eight (53 per cent) @entity1 were @entity1 and 10 (12 per cent) were aged less than 65 years. Forty-nine per cent of @entity1 had undergone an electrocardiogram and 42 per cent an echocardiogram. @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors were prescribed to 54 per cent of @entity1 . In the workshops and stakeholder interviews, healthcare professionals and managers reported difficulties in implementing the NSF. They expressed concerns regarding the difficulties in confirming a diagnosis of @entity712 , including access to echocardiograms, prescribing @entity1289 inhibitors among older @entity1 , and the additional workload and resources needed to ensure they met the NSF standards for @entity712 . CONCLUSION: The accurate identification of @entity712 @entity1 and recording of clinical information as part of disease registers needs to improve if primary care teams are to meet the NSF standards. There is also scope to improve the investigation and treatment of @entity712 @entity1 in primary care. Achieving these objectives will require additional resources.

title: Managing XXXX in primary care: first steps in implementing the National Service Framework.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin-converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary Heart Disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: There is now unequivocal evidence that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2( @entity13928 )-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascade, which is closely correlated with @entity63 insult occurrence. Our previous studies demonstrated that the Ang-(1-7), was an active member of the brain RAS. However, the @entity13928 -Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis expression after cerebral @entity63 are currently unclear. In the present study, we investigated the time course of @entity13928 -Ang-(1-7) and Mas receptor expression in the acute stage of cerebral @entity385 . The content of Ang-(1-7) in @entity63 tissues and blood serum was measured by specific EIA kits. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to determine messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of the @entity13928 and Mas. The @entity2806 resulted in a significant increase of regional cerebral and circulating Ang-(1-7) at 6-48 h compared with sham operation group following focal @entity385 (12h: 7.276  0.320 ng/ml vs. 2.466  0.410 ng/ml, serum; 1.024  0.056 ng/mg vs. 0.499  0.032, brain) (P<0.05). Both @entity13928 and Mas expression were markedly enhanced compared to the control in the @entity63 tissues (P<0.05). Mas immunopositive neurons were also seen stronger expression in the @entity63 cortex (19.167  2.858 vs. 7.833  2.483) (P<0.05). The evidence collected in our present study will indicate that, @entity13928 -Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis are upregulated after acute @entity385 and would play a pivotal role in the regulation of acute @entity528 in @entity63 .

title: The expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis are upregulated after acute cerebral XXXX in rats.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic cerebrovascular diseases', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron injury']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity8143 is a syndrome with which most @entity166 physicians and microbiologists are familiar. However, little is known about the epidemiology of this disorder, and most reports consist of case reports or small series. We conducted a case series with long-term questionnaire follow-up of @entity8143 @entity1 presenting to our academic medical center. METHODS: From 1994 through 1999, 23 @entity1 with primary @entity8143 (as defined by DSM IV criteria) were identified through the Infectious Diseases Clinic or Emergency Room at the University of Washington and cases were analyzed for prospectively established demographic, clinical, and social variables of interest. RESULTS: Of 23 @entity1 , 15 were @entity1 and eight were @entity1 . Mean duration (+/- standard deviation) of symptoms was 2.6+/-2.8 years (median 1.5), with shorter duration related to improved prognosis. Mean symptom duration in @entity1 was 3.1+/-3.0 years versus 1.5+/-1.5 years in @entity1 . @entity1 saw an average of six physicians before presenting to our center. Reduced social interactions were common, but employment affect was not significant. Treatment with @entity1766 or @entity2682 combined with antidepressants appeared to be effective in some cases. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study of primary @entity8143 originating from an academic medical center, and highlights the @entity66 borne by @entity1 and the healthcare system.

title: XXXX : six-year experience with 23 consecutive cases at an academic medical center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['pimozide']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusional parasitosis', 'Delusional parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity8143 :: (MESH:D063726,Disease) :: ['Delusional parasitosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evading apoptosis is a hallmark of @entity788 . In @entity788 models, chemotherapy down-regulates the antiapoptotic protein @entity1182 ( @entity1182 ), which renders cells sensitive to apoptosis. Currently, the relevance of @entity1182 expression as a biomarker in @entity788 is unknown, and here we assessed the prognostic significance of the @entity1182 expression status in a large cohort of @entity788 @entity1 with clinical follow-up. METHODS: Cellular @entity8186 inhibitory protein expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry in 120 surgically resected ductal pancreatic @entity420 . Survival analysis by @entity1182 status was compared with established clinicopathologic biomarkers as well as Ki-67 and @entity3840 expression levels as 2 other established independent prognostic biomarkers in @entity788 . RESULTS: Of 120 @entity5 , 111 (91%) were @entity1182 positive, whereas 9 (9%) were completely @entity1182 negative. @entity3840 was positive in 59 cases (52%), and Ki-67 was positive in more than 10% of @entity5 cells in 51 cases (44%). Univariate and multivariate survival analysis (correcting for stage, grade, and proliferation index) showed that @entity1182 is an independent prognostic factor. Specifically, @entity1182 negativity identifies 9% of @entity1 with a highly aggressive disease course (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Cellular @entity8186 inhibitory protein expression status is a valuable prognostic biomarker in @entity788 .

title: Absence of XXXX -inhibitory protein is a novel independent prognostic marker for very short survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1182 :: ('8837', 'Gene') :: ['c-FLIP', 'cellular FLICE inhibitory protein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3840 :: ('5743', 'Gene') :: ['Cyclooxygenase 2', 'cyclooxygenase 2']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity8186 :: (841,Gene) :: ['FLICE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant decrease in mean cardiomyocyte DNA content and increased numbers of diploid cardiomyocytes after unloading has been demonstrated, suggesting a numerical increase of cardiomyocytes. Despite a thorough search in that study, no mitoses explaining a potential net increase of cardiomyocytes has been observed. The heart harbors several stem cell populations, including @entity2467 ( @entity2467 )(+) stem cells and side population cells (SPC), which may proliferate after unloading and thus contribute to the generation of diploid cardiomyocytes. In this study we sought to determine, whether there is an increase of @entity10430 (+) SPC and @entity2467 (+) stem cells after unloading. METHODS: In paired myocardial samples (prior to and after LVAD), the number of cells with immunoexpression of @entity10430 , @entity2467 / @entity2467 and @entity19401 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Their number was morphometrically determined and these data were correlated with the mean cardiomyocyte DNA content. RESULTS: A significant increase of SPC and cells with coexpression of @entity2467 and @entity19401 after unloading was observed from 0.00013% in CHF to 0.0011%, and 0.013% to 0.035%, respectively after unloading (p = 0.001). A significant positive correlation between both SPC and cells with coexpression of @entity2467 and @entity19401 expression was observed (p = 0.007 and 0.01). No correlation was found between the number of SPC and the mean cardiomyocyte DNA content. CONCLUSIONS: SPC are increased significantly in the myocardium after ventricular unloading, suggesting a role for stem cell proliferation during "reverse @entity299 ." These cells might proliferate and commit to different cell lineages, such as cardiomyocytes or endothelium, and thus ameliorate cardiac function.

title: Increase of @entity10430 / XXXX + side population stem cells in myocardium after ventricular unloading.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

answer: @entity10430 :: (9429,Gene) :: ['BCRP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Statins are associated with decreased incidence of life-threatening @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity296 and reduce @entity204 and hospitalization in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). We hypothesized that @entity1780 use will reduce incident @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ), including those with @entity712 . METHODS: A cohort of 17,741 @entity1 with @entity301 examined between 1994 and 1997 at 5 Veterans Affairs medical facilities was assembled. @entity1 with known @entity955 , @entity1229 treatment, @entity409 , or no follow-up visits were excluded. The final cohort included 13,783 @entity1 . The primary outcome was time to development of @entity955 . Propensity scores were used to balance @entity1780 -treated and untreated @entity1 with respect to baseline characteristics. Time from the initial visit to development of @entity955 was analyzed with a Cox regression model, using @entity1780 treatment as a time-varying covariate. RESULTS: Among the 13,783 @entity1 , 5417 (39%) received @entity1780 treatment. @entity1780 -treated @entity1 were younger with fewer comorbid conditions. After propensity adjustment, the baseline characteristics of the @entity1780 -treated and untreated @entity1 were similar. During an average follow-up of 4.8 years, 1979 (14%) @entity1 developed @entity955 . In the overall study population there was no difference in @entity955 incidence with @entity1780 treatment (hazard ratio 1.0, 95% CI 0.88-1.14, P = .9). However, @entity955 was less common among @entity1780 -treated @entity1 with @entity712 (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.33-1.00, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any effect of @entity1780 treatment on @entity955 incidence in @entity1 with @entity301 ; however, @entity955 was reduced in a subset of @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: Effects of @entity1780 therapy on preventing XXXX in @entity301 and @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1780 :: ('CHEBI:35664', 'Chemical') :: ['statin', 'Statin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) is a primary electrical @entity296 characterized by exercise- and stress-related @entity67 manifested as @entity1163 and @entity944 usually in @entity1 and teenager and was rarely described in adults. The management includes betablockade, with the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators if medical treatment is insufficient. AIM: Report a new case of @entity1165 . OBSERVATION: We report a case of a 43 years old @entity1 in whom @entity1165 diagnosis was made during his exploration for palpitations occurring with the effort. Registration Holter ECG revealed several episodes of @entity4710 and episodes of nocturnal sino-atrial block. The @entity1 had an @entity1479 and betablockade treatment. CONCLUSION: The TVPC in adult can manifest with attenuated symptoms that can be summarized with palpitations with the exertion. The @entity943 and @entity1817 may be at the forefront of Electrocardiographic manifestations. The prognosis of this form seems better than the TVPC of the @entity1 . Treatment with betablockade appears to be effective but existing dysfunction sinus facilitates decision to implant the @entity1479 .

title: [ XXXX in adult: a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial disease']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['CPVT', 'Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular lachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity279 (HB) of the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely rare. Few studies have reported leptomeningeal involvement in sporadic HB or in HB associated with @entity280 . The clinical and radiological features of leptomeningeal involvement in HB after surgery have not been described in detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective case review involved @entity1 from three different tertiary referral centers with @entity6831 of HB after surgery for the primary mass. A literature review was also performed to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics and long-term outcomes of @entity1 who developed @entity6831 after initial surgical resection. RESULTS: This study included seven @entity1 , five males and two females, ranging in age from 36 to 54 years. Incidence of @entity6831 in @entity1 with HB was about 4.3  % (3/69). It appeared at a mean 94.9  months (range, 39-204 months) after gross total resection of CNS HBs. Three of the seven @entity1 died 5, 38, and 79  months, respectively, after diagnosis of @entity6831 . Review of the literature identified 21 @entity1 with characteristics of @entity6831 similar to those in our series. CONCLUSIONS: Leptomeningeal dissemination of HB is a rare pattern of long-term recurrence. Long-term outcomes may be fatal. The long developmental period suggests that early detection and aggressive management may improve prognosis in @entity1 with CNS @entity6831 of HB.

title: @entity279 with XXXX : case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['Leptomeningeal dissemination of hemangioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal dissemination']

answer: @entity6831 :: (MESH:D004673,Disease) :: ['leptomeningeal dissemination']


abstract: A total of 290 @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 were recruited into this retrospective study, which was carried out at the National @entity378 Center (NTBC), Kuala Lumpur. The age range was 18 to 75 years with a mean age of 36.10 (SD +/- 7.44) years. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 31:1. In this study, the majority of @entity1 were male (96.9%), Malay (47.2%), single (66.9%), unemployed (81%), and smoked (61.4%). The main risk marker identified was injecting drug use (74.5%). The most common clinical manifestations were cough, fever, sputum, lymphadenopathy, and chest infiltrations. More than half of the @entity1 (85.9%) were diagnosed with localized @entity378 (pulmonary) and the others (14.1%) had extra-pulmonary or disseminated @entity378 . At the time of this study, the majority of the @entity1 (16.9%) had CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cell/mm3, with a median of 221 cell/mm3. Clinical outcomes demonstrated that among those who survived, 11.0% and 20.7% of the @entity1 had completed treatment either > or = 6 or > or = 9 months, respectively, whereas 54.8% of @entity1 were lost to follow-up, including 0.7% for @entity6371 . Diagnostic criteria for @entity378 in this study were mainly clinical symptoms/signs and chest x-ray findings (31.0%).

title: XXXX : clinical manifestations and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: In utero exposure to the @entity5243 plasticizer @entity19132 ( @entity19133 ) is known to affect the development of the male reproductive system and induce alterations in @entity342 -dependent tissues of male @entity35 offspring. @entity3930 produced by several phthalates have been causally linked to decreased @entity251 production during the gestational period. This study was designed to evaluate the dose-response relationship for the effects of @entity19133 on the synthesis and production of @entity251 in the fetal @entity35 testis. Pregnant @entity35 were administered the vehicle (olive oil) and either @entity19133 (5 to 625 mg kg(-1) per day) or @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ) (50 or 625 mg kg(-1) per day), by gavage, from gestation day (GD) 12 to19. Fetal testes were assessed on GD 19. @entity19133 reduced ex vivo @entity251 production and down-regulated the expression of several genes required for @entity165 transport and @entity134 synthesis (i.e. @entity15090 , @entity24097 , P450scc, 3bHSD and @entity31018 ). These inhibitions were dose dependent. A no-effect level was established at 5 mg kg(-1) per day and a lowest-effect level at 20 mg kg(-1) per day. mRNA levels of @entity15090 , @entity24097 , @entity7816 bHSD were not similarly decreased in the adrenals. In conclusion, @entity19133 shares the same mode of action as @entity5248 in disrupting fetal testicular @entity342 synthesis. Alterations in @entity251 production and in key steroidogenic gene expressions were apparent at lower doses than those causing @entity600 after gestational exposure during the critical period of male sexual differentiation. This suggests that they can be considered early biomarkers of @entity19133 -induced fetal testicular effects in @entity35 .

title: Dose-dependent alterations in gene expression and @entity251 production in fetal @entity35 testis after exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['Male reproductive malformations']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['DEHP', 'diethylhexyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal reproductive malformations']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity19132 :: ('MESH:C027387', 'Chemical') :: ['di-n-hexyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity5243 :: ('CHEBI:35484', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate ester']

answer: @entity19132 :: (MESH:C027387,Chemical) :: ['di-n-hexyl phthalate']


abstract: This population-based study aimed to compare direct health care costs related to the pharmacological treatment of @entity170 and to the management of @entity3604 among compliant and noncompliant users of @entity561 and @entity562 . During a 2-year follow-up period, compared to those with medication possession ratio (MPR) > or = 80%, @entity1 with MPR < 80% incurred significantly higher physician care costs and hospital care costs. INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to compare direct health care costs related to the treatment of @entity170 and @entity3604 among compliant and noncompliant users of @entity561 and @entity562 . METHODS: A cohort of 15,027 @entity1 having initiated @entity561 or @entity562 was identified. MPR and direct health care costs (physician care, hospital care, drugs) were assessed during a 2-year period. Regression models were used to estimate mean predicted cost for compliant (MPR > or = 80%) and noncompliant (MPR < 80%) @entity1 . RESULTS: Mean predicted physician care cost (in Canadian dollars) was  51 among @entity1 with MPR < 80% and  34 among those with MPR > or = 80%: mean difference  17, 95% confidence interval (CI)  2-22. Mean predicted hospital care cost was  568 among @entity1 with MPR < 80% and  379 among those with MPR > or = 80%: mean difference  189, 95% CI  56-320. Mean predicted drug cost was  439 among @entity1 with MPR < 80% and  1,068 among those with MPR > or = 80%: mean difference  -639, 95% CI  -649 to -629. CONCLUSION: Compared to compliant @entity1 , noncompliant @entity1 incurred significantly higher physician care and hospital care costs. Due to lower drug costs, total direct health care costs were lower among noncompliant @entity1 .

title: Comparison of direct health care costs related to the pharmacological treatment of @entity170 and to the management of @entity3604 among compliant and noncompliant users of @entity561 and XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

answer: @entity562 :: (MESH:C073008,Chemical) :: ['risedronate']


abstract: Current recommendations for early anticoagulation in acute @entity715 unrelated to @entity82 or @entity5 are based on limited evidence. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the risk factors, outcome, and prognosis in @entity1 managed according to these recommendations. We enrolled 102 @entity1 with acute @entity715 of the portal vein, or its left or right branch. Laboratory investigations for prothrombotic factors were centralized. @entity715 extension and recanalization were assessed by expert radiologists. A local risk factor was identified in 21% of @entity1 , and one or several general prothrombotic conditions in 52%. Anticoagulation was given to 95 @entity1 . After a median of 234 days, the portal vein and its left or right branch were patent in 39% of anticoagulated @entity1 (versus 13% initially), the splenic vein in 80% (versus 57% initially), and the superior mesenteric vein in 73% (versus 42% initially). Failure to recanalize the portal vein was independently related to the presence of @entity843 (hazard ratio 3.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3-11.1) and an occluded splenic vein (hazard ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4-8.9). @entity360 and @entity1188 occurred in nine and two @entity1 , respectively. Two @entity1 died from causes unrelated to @entity715 or anticoagulation therapy. CONCLUSION: Recanalization occurs in one-third of @entity1 receiving early anticoagulation for acute @entity715 , whereas @entity715 extension, @entity1188 , severe @entity548 , and @entity204 are rare. Alternative therapy should be considered when @entity843 and @entity3885 are present.

title: Acute @entity715 unrelated to XXXX : a prospective multicenter follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['splenic vein obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis', 'thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The feasibility of culturing @entity19 adrenal cortical cells before transplantation was investigated in this study. METHOD: Primary @entity19 adrenal cortical cells were maintained in either fetal @entity291 and @entity1641 sera-containing media or serum-free media. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the levels of adrenal cortical gene expression in the cultured cells. RESULTS: The use of sera-containing media led to the growth of many cells in the culture, but the expression of @entity431 , @entity11491 , and @entity32670 in such cultures declined rapidly. In contrast, there was no significant cell growth in the serum-free culture medium. Culturing @entity19 adrenal cortical cells in the serum-free medium resulted in higher levels of @entity431 , @entity11491 , and @entity32670 gene expression. In the serum-free medium, adrenal cortical cells also responded to adrenocorticotropic hormone by increasing the expression of @entity32670 and suppressing the expression of @entity11491 in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of basic fibroblast growth factor to the serum-free medium maintained the expression of @entity431 , @entity11491 , and @entity32670 for 4 weeks. CONCLUSION: Adrenal cortical cells isolated from adult @entity19 were successfully maintained in a serum-free culture medium with basic fibroblast growth factor. This culture system may be suitable for further manipulation of adrenal cortical cells in vitro before transplantation.

title: Serum-free cultures of XXXX adrenal cortical cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity453 and plaque disruption with superimposed @entity715 are the main causes of the @entity1187 of @entity1459 , @entity583 , and @entity944 . @entity3361 has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1187 . Other researchers and we have reported that the plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A, a sensitive marker of @entity556 generation, and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, an indicator of the impairment of fibrinolysis, increase in @entity1 with @entity1459 and @entity583 . We also showed that @entity3361 induced fibrinopeptide A generation and may lead to @entity715 formation in the coronary artery involved, and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity increased after @entity3361 . Tissue factor is the primary initiator of the @entity3459 cascade. We have recently demonstrated that the plasma TF antigen levels increase in @entity1 with @entity583 and @entity1459 . Furthermore, we examined directional coronary atherectomy specimens from 24 @entity1 with @entity1459 and 23 with stable exertional angina. We have shown that tissue factor expression on macrophages was more frequent in @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity1459 . Tissue factor expressed on macrophages may play an important role in the thrombogenicity in @entity453 of these @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity1003 cascade and impaired fibrinolysis occurs and leads to @entity1186 in @entity1 with @entity1187 . These phenomena also occur in @entity1 with @entity3361 .

title: [Pathophysiology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery spasm', 'coronary artery spasm', 'coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['increased coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['extrinsic coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic plaques', 'Coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) has been used for thousands of year in Eastern countries. First-line @entity470 ( @entity470 )- @entity4149 kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment is the standard treatment in stage IV pulmonary @entity420 @entity1 who had @entity5 @entity470 mutations. This study was to find the efficacy of @entity2 treatment. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed chart records of our stage IV @entity470 -mutated pulmonary @entity420 @entity1 who received first-line @entity470 -TKI treatment from January 2010 to September 2014. Results Total, 527 @entity1 were studied. Among them, 34 @entity1 received @entity1058 treatment, including 24 @entity1 who received @entity1058 treatment from the beginning of first-line @entity470 -TKI treatment and 10 @entity1 who started to receive @entity1058 treatment after their disease had progressed to @entity470 -TKI treatment. Median progression-free survival (PFS) of first-line @entity470 -TKI treatment was numerically better in @entity1 who also received @entity1058 than those who did not (12.1 months vs 10.5 months, P = .7668). Overall survival of those 24 @entity1 who received @entity1058 treatment together with @entity470 -TKI was 30.63 months (95% CI = 11.7 to not reached), compared to 23.67 months in the remaining @entity1 (95% CI = 21.37-26; hazard ratio = 0.75; P = .399). No increase of @entity1058 -related @entity137 was found during @entity1058 treatment, compared with @entity470 -TKI treatment alone (P > .05). Conclusion Alternative @entity1058 treatment during first-line @entity470 -TKI treatment did no harm to the @entity1 and PFS and overall survival was numerically better, although not significant, than those @entity1 who did not receive @entity1058 treatment.

title: The Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of @entity470 Mutated Stage IV @entity420 XXXX Who Received First-Line @entity470 -TKI Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['CHM on lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['CHM', 'Chinese herbal medicine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the diagnosis and @entity260 of @entity5 for a series of 633 @entity1 who underwent the same diagnostic methods and operation procedure in a single institute. MATERIALS _ METHODS: A series of 633 @entity1 who underwent parotidectomy for @entity5 over a 16-year period was reviewed. RESULTS: There were 345 female and 288 male @entity1 . The site of the @entity5 was divided among three groups, superficial, deep, and lower pole @entity5 . The numbers of each type of above @entity5 were 342, 122, and 169 cases, respectively. The most common pathology of the @entity5 was a @entity5123 (372 cases) followed by a @entity4724 (166 cases). @entity5123 and @entity4724 accounted for 85% of all @entity5 . The accuracy rate of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for all @entity5 was 71%, 84% for @entity5123 and 72% for @entity4724 . Transient @entity2103 was observed in 130 @entity1 (21%) in 612 cases of primary @entity5 , and only one @entity1 developed a permanent @entity425 . The incidence of transient @entity2103 was 18% in superficial @entity5 , 39% in deep @entity5 , and 15% in lower pole @entity5 . Significant risk factors for development of a transient @entity3541 were the site of the @entity5 , the size of the @entity5 , operation time, and @entity548 volume. Among these risk factors, for the site of the @entity5 , the deep lobe was the most important factor associated with transient @entity2103 . Transient @entity2103 recovered within 6 months in 90% of all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy rate of FNAC for @entity5 was 72%. The incidence of transient @entity2103 in deep @entity5 was significantly higher compared to that in superficial and lower pole @entity5 . According to the rate of @entity3541 , operation time, and @entity548 volume, benign @entity5 should be divided among three groups, namely superficial, deep, and lower pole @entity5 .

title: [Surgical Management for Benign Parotid Tumors: Review of a 16-year Experience with 633 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['Pleomorphic adenomas', 'pleomorphic adenomas', 'pleomorphic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign parotid tumors', 'parotid tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ['Warthin tumor', 'Warthin tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: An approximately 30-year-old male spectacled Amazon parrot (Amazona albifrons) was presented with a 2-week history of @entity2055 , head shaking, weight loss and @entity410 . Gross findings on necropsy examination included @entity194 of the musculature, ruffled feathers and minimal epicardial and abdominal fat. Microscopically, there were perivascular cuffs of macrophages with fewer @entity62 and spinal cord. These lesions were accompanied by @entity5219 and mild vacuolation of the white matter. In the small intestine, up to 70% of the intestinal @entity21 were effaced by infiltrates of macrophages and fewer lymphocytes. The intestinal lamina propria contained multiple inflammatory aggregates of a similar nature. Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed the presence of numerous bacilli within the cytoplasm of macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric @entity21 . Amplification of the @entity25953 gene confirmed a @entity281 and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a species-specific primer confirmed the aetiology as @entity4507 genavense. Infection of the CNS with @entity4507 spp. is uncommon and has not been previously reported in a parrot. This case is unusual in that the organism exhibited tropism for neural tissue.

title: Granulomatous encephalomyelitis and intestinal ganglionitis in a spectacled Amazon parrot (Amazona albifrons) infected with XXXX genavense.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4507 :: ('MESH:D009164', 'Disease') :: ['Mycobacterium']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytes in the grey and white matter of the brain']

answer: @entity4507 :: (MESH:D009164,Disease) :: ['Mycobacterium']


abstract: 1. A rare genetic variant of human serum @entity69 (TfBSHAW) is reported. 2. The variant and normal transferrins have been purified. 3. The two proteins have been shown to be identical with respect to their molecular weights, heat stability, @entity68 uptake and absorbance spectra. 4. The @entity535 substitution is thought to be @entity6778 replaced by @entity2734 at either position 378 or position 381. 5. The ferric @entity68 bound to the C-site of TfBSHAW is unstable in the presence of protons or 6 M @entity1133 .

title: A comparison of the structure and properties of normal human @entity69 and a genetic variant of human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: An antibody (R73) to the alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR) was able to dramatically suppress @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) in @entity35 . The efficacy of R73 treatment was investigated with regard to antibody dosage, injection route and timing of injections. R73 was equally effective in @entity4 throughout a wide dose range (80 to 2000 microgram/dose) when given on day 15, 18, and 21 after @entity625 induction. Both i.p. and i.v. injection were able to suppress the pre-existing joint @entity4 to the same extent. However, R73 was only effective when given before or at the peak of joint @entity4 which occurred between day 18 to 24. @entity1373 , mononuclear cell infiltration as well as cartilage and @entity79 were markedly reduced after therapy. The effect of R73 was associated with depletion of alpha beta+ T cells from the circulation even at low antibody doses. Only few alpha beta+ T cells were found in the @entity2070 tissue. Late treatment on day 27, 30 and 33 after @entity625 induction did not influence clinical scoring of the disease and histological examination thereafter did not show any difference between treated animals and controls. We conclude that antibody therapy directed at the TCR seems to be very effective even in pre-existing @entity792 if the relevant T cell population is affected. However, @entity32 and joint destruction may reach a state at which anti-TCR treatment is no longer effective.

title: The suppressive effect of an antibody to the alpha beta cell receptor in XXXX @entity1753 : studies on optimal treatment protocols.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'reducing joint swelling']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial membrane hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'adjuvant arthritis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Xenobiotic transport proteins are involved in cellular defence against accumulation of xenobiotics participating in multixenobiotic resistance (MXR). In order to study the transcriptional regulation of MXR genes in fish exposed to common chemical pollutants we selected the @entity34151 ( @entity34151 ), since mugilids are widespread in highly degraded estuarine environments where they have to survive through development and adulthood. Partial sequences belonging to genes coding for members of 3 different families of @entity855 binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins (ABCB1; ABCB11; ABCC2; ABCC3; ABCG2) and a vault protein (major vault protein, MVP) were amplified and sequenced from mullet liver. Their liver and brain transcription levels were examined in juvenile mullets under exposure to @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) and to fresh (F) and weathered (WF) Prestige-like heavy fuel oil for 2 and 16 days. In liver, @entity14912 significantly up-regulated transcription of abcb1, abcb11 and abcg2 while in brain only abcb11 was up-regulated. Both fuel treatments significantly down-regulated abcb11 in liver at day 2 while abcc2 was only down-regulated by WF. mvp was significantly up-regulated by F and down-regulated by WF at day 2 in the liver. At day 16 only a significant up-regulation of abcb1 in the F group was recorded. Brain abcc3 and abcg2 were down-regulated by both fuels at day 2, while abcb1 and abcc2 were only down-regulated by F exposure. After 16 days of exposure only abcb11 and abcg2 were regulated. In conclusion, exposure to organic xenobiotics significantly alters transcription levels of genes participating in xenobiotic efflux, especially after short periods of exposure. Efflux transporter gene transcription profiling could thus constitute a promising tool to assess exposure to common pollutants.

title: Regulation of xenobiotic transporter genes in liver and brain of juvenile XXXX ( @entity34151 ) after exposure to Prestige-like fuel oil and to @entity14911 .

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity34151 :: ('48171', 'Species') :: ['thicklip grey mullet', 'Chelon labrosus']

answer: @entity34151 :: (48171,Species) :: ['thicklip grey mullets']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of @entity2699 in combination with @entity2816 in @entity320 @entity1 . METHODS: Chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with histologically confirmed, measurable @entity320 with no evidence of brain metastases and adequate hematologic and organ function received @entity2699 (1,000 mg/m(2) i.v. every 3 weeks) and @entity2816 (starting dose of 200 mg/day orally at night, escalated every 3 weeks) as tolerated. The primary endpoint was objective @entity5 response, evaluated after every 3 cycles of treatment. Fifteen @entity1 , age range 29-77 years, were accrued for this study. All had stage IV disease (1 M1a, 5 M1b, 9 M1c). Nine @entity1 had had no prior adjuvant therapy, 6 had received prior immunotherapy. The median number of cycles was 5 (range 1-18), with 8 @entity1 receiving >or=3 cycles. The median @entity2816 dose administered was 200 mg/day with a maximum tolerated dose of 400 mg/day. RESULTS: Of the 13 @entity1 evaluable for response, 1 @entity1 had a partial response, 3 @entity1 had stable disease and 9 @entity1 had progressive disease. No complete responses were seen. Two @entity1 were not evaluable for response: 1 withdrew due to @entity137 and 1 died of unrelated causes. Grade III @entity1398 , @entity882 and @entity390 were attributed to @entity2699 . Grade III/IV @entity1142 , @entity1897 , @entity1295 , @entity4 and @entity1910 were attributed to @entity2816 . CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity2816 to @entity2699 in @entity320 yielded activity insufficient to proceed with additional trials of this combination. @entity2816 dose escalation beyond 200 mg/day was limited by unacceptable @entity137 . Therefore, this combination does not warrant further investigation.

title: Phase II trial of @entity2699 and @entity2816 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: We have reported that pretreatment with @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ), a potent antioxidant, is neuroprotective. This study examined whether treatment after injury with @entity2722 is protective. Seven-day-old @entity35 pups had the right carotid artery ligated, and then 2.5 h of 8% @entity26 . @entity2722 (50 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered by i.p. initial injection at 5 min to 5 h after reoxygenation, with an additional three doses within 26 h after injury. @entity75 was evaluated by weight deficit of the right hemisphere at 22 d after @entity519 . Treatment at 3 h after reoxygenation reduced brain weight loss from 21.0 +/- 3.3% in vehicle-treated pups (n = 31) to 11.4 +/- 2.8% in treated pups (n = 31, p < 0.05). @entity2722 lowered body temperature, but reduced @entity1545 even when body temperature was controlled. @entity2722 reduced @entity854 caused by the @entity519 - @entity63 (HI). @entity2722 reduced a HI induced increase in @entity7707 ( @entity7707 ) and reduced an HI-induced increase in the proapoptotic protein c-jun in the brain cortex. @entity2722 up to 3 h after reoxygenation reduces @entity1545 in @entity35 pups, probably by suppressing lipid peroxidation and the proapoptotic protein c-jun.

title: Grape seed extract given three hours after injury suppresses lipid peroxidation and reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2722 :: ('MESH:D009366', 'Disease') :: ['grape seed extract', 'GSE']

entities_list: @entity7707 :: ('MESH:C075750', 'Chemical') :: ['8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha', '8-isoPGF2alpha']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['neurofunctional abnormalities']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent evidence on the use of statin therapy indicates the potential for ultra-low levels of LDL-C to provide greater protection from recurrent @entity301 events. Guidelines for the treatment of @entity4977 were revised to indicate that an LDL-C treatment goal of 70 mg/dl was optional (NCEP ATPIII). In these same guidelines, low levels of HDL-C are also suggested but not specifically proscribed as a target of therapy. Recently ARBITER 2 (Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing @entity165 2) has provided the first evidence of the potential of raising HDL-C with extended release @entity1670 when added to statin monotherapy in secondary prevention. However, whether this approach would be superior to a strategy in which lower concentrations of LDL-C are targeted is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ARBITER 6-HALTS ( HDL and LDL Treatment Strategies) will be a randomized, parallel group, open-label study comparing HDL-C and LDL-C focused strategies of lipid treatments for their effects on @entity731 . Up to 400 subjects will be assigned to either intensified LDL-C lowering therapy with @entity3709 or HDL-C raising therapy with extended-release @entity1670 . The primary endpoint is the mean change in the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery after 14 months. Secondary endpoints include the change in lipid values and lipid subfractions, drug discontinuation due to adverse effects, change in quality of life, and a composite endpoint consisting of all major adverse cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION: ARBITER 6-HALTS will guide clinicians on whether a lipid treatment strategy of raising HDL-C or further LDL-C reduction is superior in the secondary prevention of @entity301 .

title: Design and rationale of the ARBITER 6 trial (Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing @entity165 )-6-HDL and LDL Treatment Strategies in XXXX (HALTS).

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine by ultrasonography (US) the prevalence of articular @entity414 deposits in @entity1 with @entity210 who do not require urate lowering therapy (ULT) according to international recommendations. METHODS: In this prospective study, we enrolled @entity1 with proven @entity210 demonstrated by crystals in synovial fluid but who did not require ULT. Two trained ultrasonographers assessed 10 joints per @entity1 (metatarsophalangeal [MTP] joints 1-2, knees, metacarpophalangeal [MCP] joints 2-3) to determine the prevalence of the double-contour (DC) sign and tophi in each site. RESULTS: We studied 150 joints from 15 @entity1 (median age 56.9 years [interquartile range 31.7] years; 14 males). The median number of acute attacks per @entity1 was 2.0 [0.7]. Interobserver agreement was good to excellent for all articular sites. The prevalence of the DC sign in the knees and MTP joints was 46.7% and 40% respectively, whereas that of tophi was 26.7% for both sites. No urate deposits were found in @entity2720 . The DC sign and tophi were found in at least one articular site in 60% and 46.7% of @entity1 , respectively. All @entity1 with urate levels > 600  M (10 mg/dl) had a DC sign in at least 1 assessed joint. Urate levels were positively correlated with presence of the DC sign in knees (p=0.005) and MTP joints (p=0.03) but not presence of tophi. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, ultrasonography allowed for detecting articular urate deposits in 60% of gouty @entity1 not requiring ULT by international recommendations.

title: An exploratory ultrasound study of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['MCP joints']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['monosodium urate']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: The DNA sequence of the polA gene of @entity328 was determined, and the DNA polymerase I encoded by the gene was purified to homogeneity. Determination of the @entity1472 -terminal @entity535 sequence of the protein showed it to correspond to the Mr 99,487 polypeptide predicted from the @entity377 sequence. The mRNA transcript was mapped with respect to its sites of initiation and termination in the DNA. Inasmuch as the mRNA begins only two @entity2036 before the first codon, it lacks a typical ribosome binding site. Nevertheless, 500 molecules of the protein are produced per cell. Like the @entity526 DNA polymerase I, the protein from @entity2260 has 5'- and 3'-exonuclease as well as polymerase activities, and it also undergoes a single cleavage on mild proteolysis. Alignment of the two different polymerase I proteins shows 40% of their @entity535 residues to be identical. Homology is evident also with the DNA polymerase encoded by @entity7683 gene 5. In addition, the @entity1472 -terminal regions of the bacterial polymerase I proteins are homologous to the separate 5'-exonuclease protein encoded by @entity7683 gene 6. Analysis of the patterns of homology suggests that the bacterial polymerase I may represent the accretion of at least six separate genetic regions.

title: Characterization of the polA gene of @entity328 and comparison of the DNA polymerase I it encodes to homologous enzymes from XXXX and @entity7683 .

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity344 among @entity308 @entity1 presenting in an outpatient @entity146 clinic. METHODS: All consecutive and consenting cases of @entity308 presenting to the clinic from Jan' 02 to Dec' 05 were inducted in the study. A descriptive study was carried out in a clinical setting at the Neuro-Spinal Medical Institute, Karachi, Pakistan. The assessment was based on detailed history, physical examination, mental state examination and filling of semi structured proforma designed for this purpose. For diagnostic purpose WHO classification ICD-10 criteria was used. RESULTS: A total of 1165 (Male: 56%, Female: 43.2%) @entity1 were assessed. The age ranged from 6 to 90 years for male and 5 to 80 for females with p-value of 0.001. Majority were married. Their educational status revealed that 20.4% of males and 45.1% females were illiterate. The most frequently reported gastrointestinal symptom was decreased appetite (67.7%) followed by @entity1142 (57.7%) and @entity294 (42.3%). Other reported symptoms included @entity490 , @entity391 , gas, indigestion and @entity390 in order of frequency. In males 13.7% and 12.7% females had suffered for > 10 years before seeking @entity146 consultation. Surprisingly, about 26.3% of the @entity1 had previously pursued alternative modes of treatment (homeopathic, faith healers and hakeems). CONCLUSION: Somatic symptoms manifesting as @entity344 are common in @entity1 with @entity308 . Awareness about such an association is essential and will be useful for primary care physicians and gastroenterologists for establishing early diagnosis and management, thus avoiding unnecessary investigations in @entity1 with poor resources.

title: @entity344 in males and females with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorder']


abstract: Two hundred eighteen balloon angioplasty procedures were performed in 135 @entity1 with @entity849 from June 1984 to February 1989. Arteries were dilated in @entity1 with @entity215 (n = 49), @entity215 / @entity1146 (n = 64), isolated peripheral @entity849 (n = 58) and "other" lesions (the majority had truncus arteriosus or single ventricle and surgically induced @entity849 (n = 47). Mean age at dilation was 6.6 +/- 6.3 years (range 1 month to 38.5 years). The mean diameter of the lesion increased from 3.8 +/- 1.7 to 5.5 +/- 2.1 mm with dilation (p = 0.001). The overall success rate was 58% (127 of 218 dilations), assessed by the following criteria: an increase greater than or equal to 50% of predilation diameter, an increase greater than 20% in flow to the affected lung or a decrease greater than 20% in systolic right ventricular to aortic pressure ratio. Success did not correlate with @entity1 age. Mean balloon to artery ratio was higher in successful (4.2) than in failed (3.0) angioplasty procedures (p = 0.0001). There were four early deaths: two of the @entity1 had @entity358 with angioplasty performed less than 1 month after pulmonary artery surgery. An @entity439 occurred in 11 arteries and transient @entity3126 in four @entity1 . At angiography performed a mean of 10 months (range 1 to 54) after dilation, the mean diameter of 57 arteries was unchanged (5.5 versus 5.4 mm). However, 5 of 32 initially successfully dilated vessels had returned to predilation size as a result of restenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Early results and follow-up of balloon angioplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery stenoses', 'branch pulmonary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['branch pulmonary artery stenoses']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and @entity137 of definitive radiochemotherapy for solitary lymph node @entity3 after curative surgery of @entity418 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We performed a retrospective review of 35 @entity1 who underwent definitive radiochemotherapy at Tohoku University Hospital between 2000 and 2009 for solitary lymph node @entity3 after curative esophagectomy with lymph node dissection for @entity418 . Radiotherapy doses ranged from 60 to 66 Gy (median, 60 Gy). Concurrent chemotherapy was @entity902 based in all @entity1 . The endpoints of the present study were overall survival, cause-specific survival, progression-free survival, irradiated-field control, overall @entity5 response, and prognostic factors. RESULTS: The median observation period for survivors was 70.0 months. The 5-year overall survival was 39.2% (median survival, 39.0 months). The 5-year cause-specific survival, progression-free survival, and irradiated-field control were 43.3%, 31.0% and 59.9%, respectively. @entity3 , size of the metastatic lymph node, and performance status before radiochemotherapy were significantly correlated with prognosis. Complete response and partial response were observed in 22.9% and 57.1% of the @entity1 , respectively. There was no Grade 3 or higher adverse effect based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v3.0) in the late phase. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our study findings, approximately 40% of @entity1 with solitary lymph node @entity3 after curative resection for @entity418 have a chance of long-term survival with definitive radiochemotherapy.

title: Long-term results of radiochemotherapy for solitary lymph node @entity3 after curative resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastatic lesion']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Clinical trials have reported decreased @entity190 with the use of @entity927 during joint reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to assess the individual practice implications of @entity927 use in joint replacement surgery. METHODS: Health records of adults undergoing total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty over a 12-month period were retrospectively reviewed. The treatment group comprised @entity1 who received intravenous @entity927 perioperatively. The control group comprised @entity1 who did not receive @entity927 . RESULTS: @entity1 in the treatment group (n   =   64) and the control group (n   =   99) were well matched for demographics, orthopedic diagnosis, and comorbidities. In-hospital postsurgical mean decreases in hemoglobin concentrations were -4.05   g/dL and -4.94   g/dL in the treatment and control groups, respectively (p   <   0.001). Postsurgical mean decreases in hematocrit levels were -11.2% and -14.2% in the treatment and control groups, respectively (p   <   0.001). Three @entity1 in the treatment group (5%) and 21 @entity1 in the control group (21%) received red blood cell transfusions (p   =   0.006). As compared to control, the relative risk of transfusion in the treatment group was 0.23 (95% confidence interval   =   0.07-0.76) and the number needed to treat to avoid one transfusion was 7.0 (95% confidence interval   =   3.8-14.4). No evidence of @entity1031 or other serious complications were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing joint replacement surgery, perioperative administration of @entity927 was associated with diminished @entity190 and lesser resource utilization.

title: Perioperative XXXX in total hip and knee arthroplasty: Outcomes associated with intravenous @entity927 use in an academic medical center.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: Seventy-five @entity1 with recurrent @entity150 were randomized after electroresection to receive either @entity1259 (E) or @entity1259 + @entity1855 (E + V) instillation of the bladder at regular intervals for 2 years. Samples of the bladder wall, @entity5 tissue and peripheral blood were taken from 20 @entity1 . The average follow-up period was 21 months. Fifty per cent of the @entity1 in the E group and 37% in the E + V group developed recurrent @entity5 . Recurrence rates (RR) were 6.3 and 4.7, respectively. Before the instillation therapy the RR was 16.0. There was a highly significant reduction of RR during the instillation therapies; in group E p less than 0.005 and in group E + V p less than 0.001. The difference between the treatment groups was not statistically significant. @entity1855 increased @entity1259 concentrations in both the bladder wall and the @entity5 tissue, but did not affect concentrations in the peripheral blood. Side effects were few and did not lead to discontinuation of treatment.

title: Intravesical @entity1259 with and without XXXX for the prophylaxis of superficial @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: Diagnostic delay in a group of 189 @entity1 with @entity0 was studied and correlated with first symptom, stage of disease, histologic grade and prognosis. Diagnostic delay was divided into @entity1 delay (time from the @entity1 's discovery of a symptom to the first medical consultation) and system delay (time from medical diagnosis to treatment). @entity1 were divided into five groups by @entity1 -delay time: 0 to 30 days; 31 to 90 days; 91 to 180 days; 181 to 365 days; and greater than 365 days. The median diagnostic delay was 60 days (range, 4-980) and was not influenced by @entity1 age, marital status or nature of first symptom. A consistent and direct relationship was found between delay and @entity5 size, @entity13849 involvement, presence of metastases, and histologic grade of disease at diagnosis. No correlation was found between diagnostic delay and histologic type distribution. The three-year survival rate after treatment was significantly lower for @entity1 with a longer delay. Our data indicate that diagnostic delay appears to be an important determinant of stage at diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity0 and that it has an important influence on survival. In most cases, delay was mainly @entity1 dependent (60 days); the median system-dependent delay was 15 days (range, 4-47). Since early treatment is generally accepted to be one of the most important determinants of prognosis in @entity0 @entity1 , a reduction in diagnostic delay may lengthen survival time.

title: Diagnostic delay in XXXX : correlation with disease stage and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate macular thickness profiles using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and image segmentation in @entity1 with chronic exposure to @entity6383 . METHODS: This study included eight @entity1 with chronic exposure to @entity6383 (group 1) and eight controls (group 2). Group 1 @entity1 had no clinically evident @entity989 . All subjects underwent SDOCT imaging of the macula. An image segmentation technique was used to measure thickness of six retinal layers at 200 microm intervals. A mixed-effects model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: By measuring total retinal thickness either at the central macular (2800 microm in diameter), the perifoveal region 1200-microm-width ring surrounding the central macula), or the overall macular area (5200 microm in diameter), there were no significant differences in the thickness between groups 1 and 2. On an image segmentation analysis, selective thinning of the inner plexiform+ganglion cell layers (P=0.021) was observed only in the perifoveal area of the @entity1 in group 1 compared with that of group 2 by using the mixed-effects model analysis. CONCLUSION: Our study results suggest that chronic exposure to @entity6383 is associated with thinning of the perifoveal inner retinal layers, especially in the ganglion cell and inner @entity655 , even in the absence of functional or structural clinical changes involving the photoreceptor or retinal pigment epithelial cell layers. This may be a contributing factor as the reason most @entity1 who have early detectable signs of @entity137 present with paracentral or pericentral @entity1019 .

title: Selective thinning of the perifoveal inner retina as an early sign of XXXX @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['plexiform layers']

answer: @entity6383 :: (MESH:D006886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxychloroquine']


abstract: Between September 1984 and October 1988, 27 @entity1 underwent combined heart-lung transplantation for treatment of end-stage @entity1576 caused by @entity1577 . The actuarial @entity1 survival was 78% at 1 year and 72% at 2 years. @entity1729 were common in the early postoperative period and necessitated vigorous medical therapy. The dose of @entity205 required in these @entity1 was higher than in conventional transplant recipients, and this contributed to an increased cost of postoperative care. Lung function was greatly improved after transplantation, and long-term survivors achieved an excellent quality of life. @entity1071 developed in two @entity1 ; these disorders regressed after a reduction in immunosuppression. Two @entity1 required retransplantation: one because of obliterative @entity5924 and the other because of recurrent @entity1729 associated with a moderate @entity6184 and severe @entity358 . A modification of the technique used for heart-lung transplantation allowed 20 hearts from @entity1577 @entity1 to be used for subsequent heart transplantation. Immediate heart function was satisfactory in all cases. The actuarial survival of the recipients of these domino heart transplants was 75% at 1 year. No @entity453 was present in the 12 @entity1 who have undergone coronary angiography at 1 year.

title: Heart-lung transplantation for XXXX and subsequent domino heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration in lung function']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial respiratory infections', 'respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term results of reoperation for left @entity338 (LAVVR) after previous correction of @entity474 ( @entity474 ) are scarce. We evaluated long-term outcome of reoperation for LAVVR and identified risk factors for reoperation. METHODS: Between December 1976 and July 2006, 45 of 312 @entity1 with correction of different AVSDs underwent reoperation for LAVVR. The cohort of 267 @entity1 who did not need reoperation for LAVVR allowed for the identification of risk factors for reoperation and evaluation of overall survival after primary @entity474 repair in a competing risk scenario. Clinical data were obtained by retrospective review. RESULTS: The left atrioventricular valve (LAVV) was repaired in 31 @entity1 (68.9%) and replaced in 14 (31.1%). There were 3 in-hospital deaths (6.7%) and 2 late deaths (4.4%). Estimated overall survival was 88.1% at 15 years after the reoperation, and estimated incidence of @entity204 after reoperation in the total @entity1 cohort was 2% at 15 years after the primary @entity474 repair. Overall survival was significantly higher after LAVV repair than after replacement (p=0.010). Ten @entity1 with LAVV repair required a second reoperation for LAVVR. At follow-up, survivors were in New York Heart Association functional class I (n=36) or II (n=4). Independent risk factors for first reoperation for LAVVR were associated @entity854 (p<0.001), @entity340 (p<0.001), and nonclosure of the cleft (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: After previous correction of @entity474 , LAVVR can usually be corrected by valve repair. A very @entity6349 valve may necessitate replacement. Overall survival is higher after repair than after replacement. In general, overall survival of @entity1 reoperated on for LAVVR is favorable. The overall mortality rate after primary repair of @entity474 is explained only for a small part by mortality after reoperation for LAVVR.

title: Long-term results of reoperation for left XXXX after correction of @entity474 .

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect', 'AVSD']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['LAVV dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular valve regurgitation']


abstract: If the abuse potential of tranquilizers, and particularly @entity1245 , is examined by their administration as a therapeutic agent to @entity1 dependent on @entity167 , @entity167 and drugs, or drugs alone, these substances are found to be potentially dependence producing with similar mechanisms to those of other hypnotics and sedatives. However, their abuse potential varies from one substance to another, and on the whole is relatively small. At all events, with constant medical supervision, @entity1 who were previously dependent on a drug of barbiturate type do not independently increase their intake so as to become dependent on the tranquilizers. These experiments on @entity1 with an inherent susceptibility to dependency show that tranquilizers must represent only a very small risk to the general population. The view that @entity1245 are not potentially dependence producing has no more scientific foundation than the exaggerated fears of this potential. Important is that the uncontrolled supply of highly potent tranquilizers, and above all those with a strong sedative component, leads to dependence in a considerable percentage of cases in the treatment of @entity734 . No conclusions in absolute terms on the risk presented by tranquilizers (and above all @entity1245 ) may be drawn from observations made in the uncontrolled administration of these substances in case of polytoxicomania. It follows that tranquilizers, which, as far as their therapeutic effect is concerned, are a valuable aid in the treatment of @entity734 , can be safely given when there is constant medical supervision combined with psychotherapy. The basic principle to be followed in the use of tranquilizers for the treatment of drug-dependent @entity1 , is, therefore, their periodic administration in limited doses with constant medical supervision. In principle, however, because of the abuse potential which is nevertheless present, the same mode of administration is also to be recommended for other @entity1 groups. Uncontrolled long-term administration is to be rejected in all circumstances, and supply should be strictly on prescription only in order to prevent uncontrolled acquisition. The various experiments carried out by us on the administration of @entity1245 to @entity1 with simple or mixed @entity734 show that the habit forming potential of @entity1245 must, on the whole, be considered as being relatively small; at all events, this group of substances is the least hazardous of all known sedatives. This is of considerable importance, since the neuroleptics and antidepressants (which in themselves present no risk of abuse) are generally poorly tolerated and refused by @entity1 with an inherent tendency towards @entity734 .

title: The use of tranquilizers in the treatment of mixed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug dependence', 'mixed abuse', 'drug abuse']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug abuse']


abstract: 1. The influence of @entity141 on the polymorphic phase behaviour of @entity6894 has been investigated employing 31P NMR and freeze-fracture techniques. The close correlation between the results obtained here and previous X-ray studies (Rand, R.P. and Sengupta, S. (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 255, 484--492) confirms 31P NMR as a useful analytical procedure for investigating the polymorphic phase behaviour of hydrated phospholipids. 2. @entity141 induces formation of the hexagonal (H11) phase via an intermediary phase which is observed at @entity141 / @entity6894 ratios of less than 1 (mol/mol). This intermediary appears to consist of "inverted' structure which lies adjacent to regions of bilayer structure. 3. The local anaesthetics @entity17388 and @entity2644 produce similar phase changes for @entity6894 as does @entity141 . It is suggested that the anaesthetics interact with the membrane in their charged form and induce their effects by charge neutralization.

title: Polymorphic phase behaviour of @entity6894 as detected by 31P NMR and freeze-fracture techniques. Effects of calcium, @entity17388 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17388 :: ('MESH:D003992', 'Chemical') :: ['dibucaine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['chlorpromazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1722 -positive advanced @entity0 , the upfront use of trastuzumab is well established. Upon progression on first-line therapy, @entity1 may be switched to @entity9433 . Others however remain candidates for continued antibody treatment (treatment beyond progression). Here, we aimed to identify factors predicting for activity of second-line trastuzumab-based therapy. METHODS: Ninety-seven @entity1 treated with > 1 line of trastuzumab-containing therapy were available for this analysis. @entity1722 -status was determined by immunohistochemistry and re-analyzed by FISH if a score of 2+ was gained. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) on second-line therapy was defined as primary study endpoint. @entity1054 and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. Multivariate analyses (Cox proportional hazards model, multinomial logistic regression) were applied in order to identify factors associated with @entity1054 , response, @entity1349 , and incidence of brain @entity3 . p values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: Median @entity1054 on second-line trastuzumab-based therapy was 7 months (95% CI 5.74-8.26), and 8 months (95% CI 6.25-9.74) on first-line, respectively (n.s.). In the multivariate models, none of the clinical or histopthological features could reliably predict for activity of second-line trastuzumab-based treatment. @entity1349 was 43 months suggesting improved survival in @entity1 treated with trastuzumab in multiple-lines. A significant deterioration of cardiac function was observed in three @entity1 ; 40.2% developed brain @entity3 while on second-line trastuzumab or thereafter. CONCLUSION: Trastuzumab beyond progression showed considerable activity. None of the variables investigated correlated with activity of second-line therapy. In order to predict for activity of second-line trastuzumab, it appears necessary to evaluate factors known to confer trastuzumab-resistance.

title: Predicting for activity of second-line trastuzumab-based therapy in XXXX -positive advanced @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'Time to progression']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['her2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and mechanism of DNA polymerase b expression level on cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential induced by @entity8156 . METHODS: @entity31300 wild-type cells ( @entity31300 +/+), @entity31300 overexpressed cells ( @entity31300 oe) and @entity31300 null cells ( @entity31300 -/-) were applied as a model cell system, The effect of cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential induced by different doses of @entity8156 were analyzed by flow cytometry. The ROS and   @entity2145 assay kit were used to examine the cellular ROS and   @entity2145 level. The activity of cellular SOD and @entity2197 -Px were tested by Chemiluminescence method after exposed to different concentrations of @entity8156 . RESULTS: With the dose of @entity8156 increased, the rate of apoptosis and falling of mitochondrial membrane potential (/\  m) in cells were increased compared with the control. When compared with @entity31300 +/+ cells, the rate of apoptosis in @entity31300 -/- cells exposed to 20.00, 40.00, 80.00   mol/L @entity8156 increased and the rate of apoptosis in @entity31300 oe cells exposed to 10.00, 20.00, 40.00, 80.00   mol/L @entity8156 decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with @entity31300 +/+ cells (20.60%    0.57%, 37.95%    0.64%, 44.50%    1.27%, 57. @entity19 .06%), the rate of cell which undergone mitochondrial depolarization in @entity31300 -/- cells treated with 10.00, 20.00, 40.00, 80.00   mol/L @entity8156 (33.60%    1.55%, 46.05%    1.77%, 52.75%    2.05%, 75.20%    0.56%) increased. The rate of cell which undergone mitochondrial depolarization in @entity31300 oe cells exposed to 10.00, 20.00, 40.00, 80.00   mol/L @entity8156 (16.05%    1.20%, 29.80%    1.21%, 35.15%    1.06%, 53.80%    0.85%) decreased (P < 0.05). When compared with @entity31300 +/+ cells, fluorescent intensity of @entity31300 -/- cells treated with different dosages of @entity8156 increased, while which of @entity31300 oe cells decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with @entity31300 +/+ cells,   @entity2145 level of @entity31300 -/- cells treated with 20.00, 40.00   mol/L @entity8156 significantly enhanced, while which of @entity31300 oe cells decreased sharply (P < 0.05). Under the same concentrations of @entity8156 , the activity of SOD and @entity2197 -Px were decreased most rapidly in @entity31300 -/- cells. The activity of SOD and @entity2197 -Px in @entity31300 oe cells decreased slower than in the @entity31300 -/- cells. CONCLUSION: @entity8156 could induced apoptosis by the generation of ROS and decrease of /\  m; @entity31300 could protect cells from apoptosis induced by @entity8156 through decrease of ROS level and depolarization of mitochondria.

title: [Effect of DNA polymerase beta on apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential induced by XXXX , a metabolite of benzene].

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroquinone', 'hydroquinone']

answer: @entity8156 :: (MESH:C031927,Chemical) :: ['hydroquinone']


abstract: The effects of @entity8451 and/or diuretic agents were investigated in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) in sinus rhythm with respect to changes in hemodynamic parameters, cardiac dimensions, and bicycle ergometric exercise capacity. In a randomized, double-blind study 16 male @entity1 with @entity712 NYHA class II and III received a placebo for 1 week (baseline) and then were randomly allocated, double blind, to take either @entity8451 (digitalis group, @entity6684 : N = 8) or @entity33031 / @entity6478 (diuretic group, DG: N = 8) for 3 weeks (VP I). The @entity1 who were first treated with @entity8451 received the diuretic agent for a further 3 weeks and vice versa (VP II). At baseline and after VP I and II, a physical examination, two-dimensional echocardiography, and bicycle ergometry were performed. Heart rate (HR), systolic (BPs), and diastolic (BPd) blood pressure at rest, and BPs and 50 watts, were not significantly changed during the observation period. HR at 50 watts was decreased in @entity6684 (11.5 +/- 10.1 beats/min.) after VP I and II, but not in DG. BPd was significantly reduced after VP II in @entity6684 (8.2 +/- 4.6 mmHg) and in DG (9.3 +/- 8.9 mmHg). @entity6684 presents at baseline significantly higher end-diastolic (LVEDV) and end-systolic (LVESV) left ventricular dimensions, whereas left atrial diameter (LA) and @entity64 volume (SV) and ejection fraction (LVEF) were not significantly different. After VP I, a significantly decreased LA was found in @entity6684 , but not in DG. After VP II, all cardiac dimensions were significantly reduced compared with the baseline in @entity6684 , whereas in DG only a decrease in LVESV was found. SV was significantly increased in @entity6684 , but not in DG after VP I, SV and LVEF were significantly improved in @entity6684 and in DG after VP II. Exercise capacity did not change significantly in @entity6684 and DG. @entity8451 in combination with @entity33031 / @entity6478 is effective in reducing primarily enlarged left atrial and left ventricular dimensions, and is sufficient to improve the impaired systolic left ventricular function in @entity712 of NYHA class II and III in sinus rhythm. However, a significant increase in exercise capacity was not found. Treatment with @entity8451 seems to be more relevant as a monotherapy with @entity33031 / @entity6478 .

title: Effectiveness of @entity8451 versus XXXX / @entity6478 in @entity712 NYHA class II/III and sinus rhythm.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity8451 :: ('MESH:D004074', 'Chemical') :: ['digitoxin', 'Digitoxin']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity33031 :: ('MESH:D014237', 'Chemical') :: ['trichlormethiazide']

answer: @entity33031 :: (MESH:D014237,Chemical) :: ['trichlormethiazide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of two different types of occlusive therapy of uterine fibroids. METHODS: @entity1 with fibroid(s) unsuitable for laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) were treated with uterine artery embolization (UAE) or @entity432 ( @entity432 ). RESULTS: Before the procedure, @entity1 treated with UAE (n = 100) had a dominant fibroid greater in size (68 vs. 48 mm) and a mean age lower (33.1 vs. 34.9 years) than surgically treated @entity1 (n = 100). After 6 months, mean shrinkage of fibroid volume was 53 % after UAE and 39 % after @entity432 (p = 0.063); 82 % of @entity1 after UAE, but only 23 % after @entity432 , had complete @entity1188 (p = 0.001). @entity1 treated with UAE had more complications (31 vs. 11 cases, p = 0.006) and greater incidence of hysteroscopically verified intrauterine @entity39 (31 vs. 3 %, p = 0.001). Both groups were comparable in markers of ovarian functions and number of nonelective reinterventions. The groups did not differ in pregnancy (69 % after UAE vs. 67 % after @entity432 ), delivery (50 vs. 46 %), or abortion (34 vs. 33 %) rates. The mean birth weight of neonates was greater (3270 vs. 2768 g, p = 0.013) and the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction lower (13 vs. 38 %, p = 0.046) in post-UAE @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Both methods are effective in the treatment of @entity1 with future reproductive plans and fibroids not suitable for LM. UAE is more effective in causing complete @entity63 of fibroids, but it is associated with greater risk of intrauterine @entity39 . Both methods have low rate of serious complications (except for a high abortion rate).

title: Uterine artery embolization versus XXXX : the outcomes of a prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['myoma infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion', 'LUAO']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion']