abstract: Objectives.    The @entity158 associated with @entity4091 can be classified as acute phase, persistent phase, or chronic phase, but if it is prolonged, it becomes resistant to treatment. It is clinically important to prevent transition to @entity14000 after the onset of @entity4091 , and the outcome depends on whether continuous and potent @entity158 management can be achieved between the acute and persistent phases. We evaluated the effect of @entity158 management leading to quick termination of @entity158 using temporary @entity602 ( @entity602 ) which does not require implantation of a device. Materials and Methods.    We performed continuous epidural blocks (CEB) on 52 @entity1 with severe persistent @entity158 of @entity14000 in the thoracic nerve area, and also inserted spinal stimulation leads in 14 who showed no improvement in the severe @entity158 with concomitant pharmacotherapy. We expected to see the termination of @entity158 with adequate analgesic effects mainly with @entity602 , and secondarily with the epidural analgesia as rescue therapy. Results.    Severe @entity158 accompanied by @entity409 remained in 14 cases. By introducing @entity602 to the CEB, the visual analog scale baseline was rapidly reduced. Less epidural analgesia was required and the adverse reactions of lowered blood pressure in three cases and urinary retention in seven cases disappeared soon. The self-rated satisfaction was higher with @entity602 than with CEB in all 14 cases, because it is highly controllable and has minimal activities of daily living-lowering effects. Conclusion.    @entity602 , which does not require implantation of a device, may have a potent analgesic effect on severe @entity158 in @entity1 in the persistent phase after @entity4091 , and prevent transition to @entity14000 .

title: Effect of temporary @entity602 on XXXX in the thoracic nerve area.

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'Temporary SCS', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['sensory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

answer: @entity14000 :: (MESH:D051474,Disease) :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that potential sites of @entity425 within normal nasal arteries, when stressed, contribute to the mechanism of @entity1415 , we 'stress-tested' nasal arteries in unfixed cadaveric heads, using pressure injection of feeding arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Indian ink with latex was injected into maxillary arteries under high pressure (620 mmHg). Stepwise dissection was carried out and areas showing ink leakage were examined. Control heads were injected at standard embalming pressures (375 mmHg). RESULTS: Ink leakage was found in all heads injected at higher pressure, and was restricted to the nasal mucosa. Histological examination of leakage points demonstrated vessel disruption consistent with dissecting @entity439 formation. DISCUSSION: Results showed that high pressure injection caused leakage from arteries in the posterior nose; the distribution of leakage points was consistent with many clinical investigations. The lesions produced were comparable with our best histopathological model of @entity1415 , i.e. dissecting @entity439 formation. This suggests that pre-existing weaknesses in the arterial configuration may exist.

title: Pressure injection demonstrates points of XXXX in the posterior nasal arteries.

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['weakness']


abstract: Blocks of pancreas were obtained from the following cases of errors of @entity535 metabolism: eight @entity8518 , eight @entity11877 , five @entity814 , three @entity11878 , two @entity10076 and two @entity6602 . Blocks were also obtained from four cases of @entity7611 and 72 control @entity1 of the same age range who had died from a variety of conditions believed not to affect the pancreas. Sections were cut from each @entity788 and stained with @entity6175 or for insulin and @entity3770 ( @entity3770 ) by the immunoperoxidase method. Measurements were performed separately in the @entity3770 rich and the @entity3770 poor regions of all sections. The fractional surface area of section occupied by insulin stained cells (%) and the cellular density (nuclei/100 microgram2) of each specimen were estimated. The beta cell fractional area in the @entity3770 poor region of the experimental cases was plotted against the logarithm of gestational age and compared to a reference grid of the 10th, 50th and 90th centile estimates of the control cases (Fig. 1). The distribution of results from the cases of @entity11877 , @entity814 and @entity8518 were skewed positively; four of eight @entity11877 and three of five @entity814 cases lying above the 90th centile (P less than 0.001). The beta cell fractional area of the @entity8518 cases was also significantly increased (Table 1, P less than 0.05). The results from the cases dying from @entity6602 , @entity10076 , @entity11878 or @entity7611 were distributed as might be expected to occur by chance.

title: The pancreatic beta cell fraction in XXXX with errors of @entity535 metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11877 :: ('MESH:C562659', 'Disease') :: ['tyrosinosis']

entities_list: @entity7611 :: ('MESH:D006712', 'Disease') :: ['homocystinuria']

entities_list: @entity11878 :: ('MESH:C564683', 'Disease') :: ['hypermethioninemia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic block']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity3770 :: ('5539', 'Gene') :: ['PP', 'pancreatic polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity10076 :: ('MESH:C538384', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolinemia']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity6602 :: ('MESH:D008375', 'Disease') :: ['maple syrup urine disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prostate biopsy for diagnosing @entity5 can be @entity158 . The efficacy and safety of combination perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 (PILP) cream and periprostatic nerve block were compared with nerve block alone during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 2007 to August 2009, 74 @entity1 undergoing a transrectal prostate biopsy were randomized into two groups. In group 1, 36 @entity1 received a combination of PILP cream and a periprostatic nerve block; and in group 2, 38 @entity1 received lubricant jelly and a periprostatic nerve block. Thirty minutes later, the TRUS-Bx was performed. @entity158 was evaluated by a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) after the biopsy. RESULTS: @entity1 in group 1 showed a significantly lower VAS score than @entity1 in group 2 (mean score 2.22+/-0.89 vs. 3.02+/-1.15, p<0.001). In addition, there was a difference in the number of @entity1 that had a @entity158 score of three or more, 44% in group 1, and 65% in group 2. The overall complication rate was similar in both groups (p=0.45). CONCLUSIONS: A combination of PILP cream and periprostatic nerve block reduced @entity158 compared to the periprostatic nerve block alone. This safe, simple technique can be considered prior to TRUS-Bx to reduce @entity1 discomfort.

title: The Effects of Combination Perianal-Intrarectal XXXX - @entity5403 Cream and Periprostatic Nerve Block for @entity158 Control during Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy of the Prostate: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['Lidocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproducibility and the accuracy of B-mode ultrasonographic features of three different kinds of benign @entity42 : @entity43 , @entity44 , and @entity45 . METHODS: Digitally stored B-mode sonographic images of 98 @entity1 submitted to surgery for the presence of an adnexal mass were evaluated by five different examiners with different degrees of experience. The histological type of each mass was predicted on the basis of the B-mode typical benign findings, as in the case of @entity46 (groundglass endocystic pattern), @entity44 (echogenic pattern with or without acoustic shadow), and @entity45 ( @entity45 without @entity47 ). To assess the reproducibility of the B-mode findings, intraobserver and interobserver agreements were calculated using the kappa index. RESULTS: The intraobserver agreement was good or very good for all examiners and for all patterns (kappa = 0.71-1) except for the @entity48 , which showed moderate agreement (kappa = 0.42) for the highly experienced operator. The interobserver agreement was good for all experts for @entity46 (kappa = 0.66-0.78) and for @entity45 (kappa = 0.82-1), whereas it was moderate or good for @entity44 (kappa = 0.51-0.72). Interobserver agreement between experts and highly experienced operators was fair (kappa = 0.33-0.36) for @entity44 and good or very good for @entity46 (kappa = 0.70-0.83) and @entity45 (kappa = 0.76-0.82). For different kinds of cysts, the accuracy was comparable among different operators. CONCLUSIONS: Typical features of benign masses using grayscale transvaginal ultrasonography are reproducible even in moderately experienced examiners, although more experience was associated with better interobserver agreement. The diagnostic performance of different operators with different degrees of experience is similar.

title: Diagnosis of the most frequent benign XXXX : is ultrasonography accurate and reproducible?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['anechoic cyst', 'serous cyst']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['endocystic vegetations']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['cystic teratoma', 'mature teratoma', 'teratoma']

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['ovarian cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Walking is the primary mode of transportation for @entity1 aged 65 y and over; hence pedestrian injuries are a substantial source of morbidity and mortality among elderly @entity1 in the United States. This study is aimed at evaluating the pattern of injury in the elderly pedestrians and how it differs from younger @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the National @entity130 Data Bank (2002-2006) was performed, with inclusion criteria defined as pedestrian injuries based on ICD-9 codes, excluding age < 15 y. The following age categories in years were created: 15-24 (reference group), 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and 85-89. The injury prevalence was compared, and multivariate regression for mortality was conducted adjusting for @entity130 characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 79,307 @entity1 were analyzed. Superficial injuries were the most common at 29.1%, with lower extremity @entity174 and @entity1504 following at 25.1% and 21.4% respectively. The very elderly (75-84 and 85-89) had significantly higher rates of @entity174 of the pelvis(16.2% and 16.8% versus 8.1% in the youngest group), upper (19.3% and 18.4% versus 9.8%), lower extremities (31.1% and 31.9% versus 22.5%) and @entity1504 (25.5% and 28.7% versus 22.4%), but sustained lower rates of hepatic (2.3% and 1.7% versus 3.0%) injuries, with no difference seen in pancreatic, splenic, and @entity130 . On multivariate analysis, very elderly @entity1 were six to eight times more likely to die (OR 6.24 and 8.27, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Elderly @entity1 have higher rates of @entity174 and @entity1504 with an extremely worse mortality after pedestrian @entity130 .

title: Does the pattern of injury in elderly pedestrian XXXX mirror that of the younger pedestrian?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['demographic and injury', 'Trauma', 'genitourinary injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Two truncated isoforms of @entity22102 ( @entity22102 ) were identified in @entity19 and in @entity1 . The proteins encoded by these isoforms lack most of the intracellular domain of the @entity22102 and inhibit GH action in a dominant negative fashion. We have quantified the mRNAs encoding the @entity22102 isoforms in @entity19 tissues by use of real-time RT-PCR and examined the effect of @entity3887 on regulation of mRNA levels of the @entity22102 isoforms in vivo. In the liver, the truncated @entity22102 mRNAs (mGHR-282 and mGHR-280) were 0.5 and <0.1%, respectively, the level of full-length @entity22102 (mGHR-fl). In skeletal muscle, the values were 2-3 and 0.1-0.5% of mGHR-fl, respectively, and in subcutaneous fat, the values were 3-5 and 0.1-0.5% of mGHR-fl, respectively. The @entity291 GH @entity19 showed a significant increase of mGHR-fl in liver but a significant @entity121 , with no difference in subcutaneous fat when compared with control @entity19 . The lit/lit @entity19 showed a significant decrease of mGHR-fl in liver, no difference of mGHR-fl in muscle, and a significant increase of mGHR-fl in subcutaneous fat when compared with lit/+ @entity19 . The mRNA of mGHR-282 was regulated in parallel with mGHR-fl in all tissues of all @entity19 examined, whereas that of mGHR-280 was not changed in either @entity851 states. In conclusion, two truncated isoforms of @entity22102 mRNAs were detected in liver, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous fat of @entity19 . The ratio of @entity22102 -tr to @entity22102 -fl mRNA was tissue specific and not affected by chronic @entity3887 .

title: Regulation of full-length and truncated growth hormone (GH) receptor by GH in tissues of lit/lit or @entity291 GH XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3887 :: ('MESH:C531600', 'Disease') :: ['GH excess or deficiency', 'excess or deficiency of GH']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['GH-excess or GH-deficient']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in skeletal muscle']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity22102 :: ('14600(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone (GH) receptor', 'GHR']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: 1. Both cannabinoid and opioid receptors are localized at the peripheral level, and drugs acting on these receptors may produce antinociception after topical administration; however, the effect of endogenous ligands at these receptors is poorly understood. Our goal was to determine the antinociceptive potency of the endogenous cannabinoid @entity9394 ( @entity14512 ), and its interaction with @entity22194 (EM1) at joint level in the @entity35 @entity32 model. 2. Mechanical @entity56 was produced by injection of carrageenan (300 microg/30 microL) into the tibiotarsal joint of the right hind leg. The mechanical threshold was assessed by von Frey filaments. @entity14512 (3-200 microg), EM1 (100-300 microg) and their combinations in a fixed-dose ratio (1 : 10) were given into the inflamed joint, and the threshold was determined repeatedly for 105 min after the drug administrations. 3. Both ligands produced dose-dependent anti- @entity1931 , and the highest doses caused prolonged effects, but they did not influence the degree of @entity4 and the withdrawal threshold at the non-inflamed side. EM1 had lower potency compared to @entity14512 (ED(25): 233 (CI: 198-268) microg and 126 (CI: 88-162) microg, respectively; P < 0.05). The effects of EM1 and @entity14512 were prevented by mu-opioid and cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists, respectively. The ED(25) value for the combination (98 (CI: 80-112) microg) did not differ significantly from the value of @entity14512 ; however, the largest dose combination produced a significantly higher effect than the ligands by themselves. 4. Our data showed that @entity14512 was an effective antinociceptive ligand at joint level, and its combination with EM1 produced long-lasting, effective antinociception.

title: Peripheral antinociceptive effect of @entity9394 and its interaction with XXXX in arthritic @entity35 ankle joints.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonoyl-glycerol']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity22194 :: ('MESH:C105293', 'Chemical') :: ['endomorphin-1']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity22194 :: (MESH:C105293,Chemical) :: ['endomorphin-1']


abstract: @entity3256 ( @entity3256 )-resistant @entity794 ( @entity794 ) emerged in the 1960s and is now commonly seen in hospitals, clinics and, since the mid-1990s, the community. Risk factors for the acquisition of @entity794 include chronic dermatoses, underlying medical illnesses, attending healthcare facilities, use of prescription antibacterials, surgery, intravenous lines, hospitalization in an intensive care unit, and proximity to @entity1 colonized with @entity794 . Recent community-associated strains often occur in @entity1 without these risk factors. Staphylococci are readily spread from @entity1 to @entity1 and readily contaminate the environment. Infection control measures thus involve identifying the infected @entity1 , separating them from other non-infected @entity1 , cleaning of the environment and, most important of all, scrupulous attention to hand hygiene. Alcoholic antiseptic hand rubs offer an alternative to antiseptic hand washes and increase compliance. Treatment of @entity794 skin infections is challenging. Topical agents such as @entity23782 or @entity12119 can be used, but the organisms often become resistant. Systemic therapy involves non-beta-lactams. Parenteral treatment is generally with glycopeptides such as @entity2176 ; oral therapy is more complex. Monotherapy with @entity5176 , @entity1215 ( @entity1215 ), and @entity12119 often results in the development of resistance and so, if any of these agents are chosen it should be in combination. There are no data on combination therapy, although @entity1215 -containing combinations are often chosen. Fourth-generation @entity5176 and @entity5136 are expensive but promising alternatives.

title: @entity3256 -resistant XXXX : impact on dermatology practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin', 'meticillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity12119 :: ('MESH:D005672', 'Chemical') :: ['fusidic acid']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA']

entities_list: @entity23782 :: ('MESH:D016712', 'Chemical') :: ['mupirocin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin', 'rifampin']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: Noroviruses are an important aetiological agent of acute @entity1902 . They are responsible for large outbreaks of disease in the community, hospitals and long-term-care facilities. The clinical manifestations of norovirus outbreaks in @entity146 units are rarely described. The disease burden and impact highlight the importance of timely notification and investigation of these outbreaks. We analysed the characteristics of four norovirus outbreaks which occurred during a 3-year period in an in- @entity1 @entity146 care unit. A total of 184 @entity1 were affected which included 172 hospitalized @entity1 , seven healthcare workers (HCWs) and five @entity146 nursing-home residents. The mean incidence rate of @entity1902 ( @entity1902 ) in hospitalized @entity1 during these outbreaks was 12  7%. These outbreaks were characterized by higher incidence in middle-aged male @entity1 , predominant @entity2704 of @entity294 , short duration of illness, peaks in late winter and early spring, and higher susceptibility in acute @entity146 @entity1 . HCWs had longer duration of illness than @entity146 @entity1 . More than 10% of affected @entity1 experienced >=  2 infections. Infection control measures were instituted and a comprehensive, responsive standard operating procedure for @entity1902 and outbreak management was developed. After implementation of these measures, no further outbreaks of @entity1902 occurred during the study period.

title: Characteristics of XXXX outbreaks in a @entity146 centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis', 'NVG', 'norovirus gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['norovirus gastroenteritis']


abstract: Objectives: To compare the treatment of laparoscopic (LPN) versus open partial nephrectomy (OPN) in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Methods: Thirty-seven @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1358 were reviewed retrospectively between January 2007 and January 2013 at our institution. They were divided into two groups: group 1 (LPN) consisted of 19 @entity1 (51.4%) and group 2 (OPN) of 18 @entity1 (48.6%). RENAL and the Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical classification were applied to predict perioperative complications, which were graded based on the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: The two groups were comparable with regard to all of the @entity1 ' baseline characteristics. In group 1, the mean operative time was 142.1 min, including the mean warm @entity63 time (WIT) of 32.6 min; the mean estimated @entity190 (EBL) was 96.1 ml, the mean retroperitoneal drainage lasted 3.6 days, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.3 days. In group 2, the figures were 126.6 and 23.5 min, 223.3 ml, and 4.6 and 8.7 days, respectively. The differences in WIT, EBL, drainage days and hospitalization were statistically significant between both groups (p < 0.05). No recurrence or new lesions occurred in these @entity1 during a mean follow-up of 37.8 months. Conclusions: Our single-center experience suggests that although it remains technically complex, demanding and challenging for @entity1358 , LPN can still induce favorable perioperative results and survival rates in @entity1358 are comparable with OPN.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Laparoscopic versus Open Partial Nephrectomy for XXXX : A Direct Comparison Based on Single-Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['MCRCC', 'multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Multilocular Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: We present the case of a @entity1 with Gram-negative sepsis and exposure to oral @entity3440 who developed pauci-immune focal necrotizing @entity631 (PI-FNGN) in the setting of a subacute @entity325 . He developed a cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (C-ANCA) that was @entity7134 ( @entity3335 ) antibody negative. We believe this is the first reported case of Gram-negative sepsis-associated PI-FNGN. Chronic @entity3440 exposure is a leading environmental risk factor in the development of @entity1333 . Oral @entity3440 is a common pharmaceutical additive and its bioavailability is being recognized. Oral @entity3440 , therefore, may also be a risk for development of autoreactivity. The PI-FNGN resolved with antibiotic therapy alone. The @entity7972 titer declined as the PI-FNGN resolved. The case supports experimental and observational research that environmental exposures act as adjuvants for an immune response and also provide epigenetic triggers for autoreactivity. The C-ANCA was negative for @entity7134 , its major antigen. @entity7134 specificity may depend on the pathogenesis of the underlying disease, potentially elicited by a cross-reaction of an antibody to foreign and self target antigen sequence homology or alternatively elicited by antigenic epitope spread.

title: A case of infection-associated antiproteinase-3-negative cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody pauci-immune focal necrotizing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial central venous line (CVL) infection']

entities_list: @entity7134 :: ('5657', 'Gene') :: ['PR-3', 'C-ANCA antigen', 'antiproteinase-3 (PR-3) and antimyeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity295 in @entity35 was induced as a @entity281 (mortality rate of controls: 60%-80%) and as a lethal infection (mortality rate of controls: 100%). The effectivity of different immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations alone or together with an antibiotic combination therapy ( @entity801 + @entity3400 ) was then tested. In @entity281 , 5 intravenous administrations of three 7S-IgG preparations and a plasmin-treated preparation at a dosage of 0.5 g/kg b.w. were able to reduce lethality only slightly, whereas a 5S-IgG preparation was able to reduce lethality by 30% significantly. Intraperitoneal administration of two 7S-IgG preparations (s-sulfitolysis, 42 degrees C/ @entity1329 ) and the 5S-IgG preparation reduced lethality to 27%, 37% and 47%, respectively, whereas another 7S-IgG ( @entity8867 / @entity3902 ) and a plasmin-treated preparation failed to reduce lethality significantly. The convincing results obtained with the 5S-IgG preparation are probably due to the fact that Fc-mediated side-effects could be avoided. The better effectivity of intraperitoneal compared to intravenous administration can be explained by much higher concentrations of specific antibodies at the site of infection. In the lethal infection model the mortality of animals treated with antibiotics only was 50%. The additional intravenous administration of 7S-IgG (42 degrees C/ @entity1329 ), a plasmin-treated preparation and a 5S-IgG was unable to reduce mortality any further. These findings are in contrast to several publications which postulate synergism of antibiotics and immunoglobulins.

title: [Effectiveness of various immunoglobulin preparations administered by the intravenous route in peritonitis in the XXXX model].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Intraabdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['sublethal infection']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stromal-epithelial interactions mediate breast development, and the initiation and progression of @entity0 . In the present study, we developed 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro models to study @entity0 tissue organization and the role of the microenvironment in phenotypic determination. METHODS: The @entity1 @entity0 MCF7 cells were grown alone or co-cultured with primary @entity1 breast fibroblasts. Cells were embedded in matrices containing either type I collagen or a combination of reconstituted basement membrane proteins and type I collagen. The cultures were carried out for up to 6 weeks. For every time point (1-6 weeks), the gels were fixed and processed for histology, and whole-mounted for confocal microscopy evaluation. The epithelial structures were characterized utilizing immunohistochemical techniques; their area and proliferation index were measured using computerized morphometric analysis. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed by ANOVA, Dunnett's T3 post-hoc test and chi-square. RESULTS: Most of the MCF7 cells grown alone within a collagen matrix died during the first two weeks; those that survived organized into large, round and solid clusters. The presence of fibroblasts in collagen gels reduced MCF7 cell death, induced cell polarity, and the formation of round and elongated epithelial structures containing a lumen. The addition of reconstituted basement membrane to collagen gels by itself had also survival and organizational effects on the MCF7 cells. Regardless of the presence of fibroblasts, the MCF7 cells both polarized and formed a lumen. The addition of fibroblasts to the gel containing reconstituted basement membrane and collagen induced the formation of elongated structures. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that a matrix containing both type I collagen and reconstituted basement membrane, and the presence of normal breast fibroblasts constitute the minimal permissive microenvironment to induce near-complete @entity5 phenotype reversion. These @entity1 breast 3D tissue morphogenesis models promise to become reliable tools for studying tissue interactions, therapeutic screening and drug target validation.

title: The microenvironment determines the XXXX cells' phenotype: organization of MCF7 cells in 3D cultures.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2080 and @entity4269 are continuing problems after mastectomy for @entity0 . This study was done to determine whether or not the volume of postoperative wound drainage was related to the frequency of @entity2080 and @entity4269 of the arm. The daily wound drainage and the @entity580 ( @entity580 ) were recorded for 49 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone a mastectomy and the results were correlated with the frequency of @entity2080 and @entity4269 . All of the @entity1 had modified mastectomies and no irradiation. All had closed suction drainage and none had flap @entity39 or @entity281 . Suction catheters were discontinued three to 15 days after operation at the discretion of the surgeon. @entity580 varied from 227 to 3,607 milliliters and did not correlate with body weight. Twenty-six @entity1 had @entity2080 develop requiring drainage for up to seven months, most often with repeated @entity1173 , but in four instances ultimately with open drainage. @entity580 and 24 hour drainage immediately prior to discontinuing suction catheters correlated directly with the frequency of @entity2080 formation. No @entity1 with less than 20 centimeters of drainage in the 24 hours prior to catheter removal had a @entity2080 . Ipsilateral @entity4 of the arm (more than 3 centimeters difference in circumference) developed in five @entity1 . @entity580 was directly correlated with the frequency of @entity4 of the arm. No @entity1 with less than 500 milliliters of @entity580 had @entity4 develop whereas the frequency rate was 75 per cent with @entity580 of more than 900 milliliters. It was concluded that @entity580 likely reflects the magnitude of lymphatic interruption after mastectomy and, consequently, the likelihood of lymphatic insufficiency and @entity4269 . Minimal wound drainage of 24 hours before discontinuing closed drainage catheters minimized @entity2080 formation.

title: XXXX and wound drainage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['Wound seromas', 'seroma', 'seromas', 'wound seromas']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['THD', 'total hospital drainage']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspirations']

answer: @entity2080 :: (MESH:D049291,Disease) :: ['Postmastectomy seromas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: International guidelines recommend a compression to ventilation (C:V) ratio of 3:1 in neonates, and 15:2 for other paediatric age groups. The authors aimed to compare these two C:V ratios in a neonatal @entity1707 model of @entity1167 following @entity1763 . DESIGN: Experimental animal study. SETTING: Facility for animal research. SUBJECTS: 22 newborn @entity1707 (age 12-36 h, weight 2.0-2.7 kg). INTERVENTIONS: Progressive @entity1763 until @entity1167 . Animals were randomised to receive C:V 3:1 (n=11) or 15:2 (n=11). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was defined as a heart rate >=  100 bpm. Also of interest were haemodynamic parameters, cerebral and systemic @entity26 saturation and the proinflammatory cytokine @entity4590 ( @entity4590 ). RESULTS: Two animals in each group did not achieve ROSC. Mean (SD) @entity551 (DBP; mm Hg) during compression cycles was significantly higher at a C:V ratio of 15:2 than 3:1 (7.1 (2.8) vs 4.8 (2.6)). Median time (IQR) to ROSC for the 3:1 group was 150 (140-180) s, and 195 (145-358) s for the 15:2 group. There were no significant differences in the temporal changes in haemodynamic parameters or @entity26 saturation indices between the groups. @entity4590 levels in cerebrospinal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was comparable between the groups. CONCLUSION: In neonatal @entity1707 with @entity1763 -induced @entity1167 , the response to a C:V ratio of 15:2 is not better than the response to a C:V ratio of 3:1 despite better generation of DBP during resuscitation.

title: Return of spontaneous circulation with a compression:ventilation ratio of 15:2 versus 3:1 in newborn XXXX with @entity1167 due to @entity1763 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['increase in diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2348 is accepted as a precipitating factor in @entity165 @entity5990 formation, and recent studies have revealed the presence of @entity1534 species in the hepatobiliary system. We utilized the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to establish the presence of bacterial DNA, including from @entity1534 species, in @entity5990 , bile juice, and gallbladder mucosa from @entity1 with @entity5990 . METHODS: At cholecystectomy, 58 @entity5990 , 48 bile samples, and 46 gallbladder mucosa specimens were obtained and subjected to nested PCR using specific 16S rRNA primers of @entity1534 and other bacteria. Bacterial species were identified by DNA sequencing analysis. Bacterial 16S rRNA was detected in 25 out of 36 mixed- @entity165 @entity5990 , 1 out of 10 pure- @entity165 @entity5990 , and 9 out of 12 pigmented stones. Furthermore, 16S rDNA sequencing identified @entity526 , Pseudomonas, @entity4005 , and @entity1534 species. RESULTS: @entity1534 DNA was detected in 4 out of 58 @entity5990 , 6 out of 48 bile samples, and 5 out of 46 gallbladder specimens. Direct sequencing of @entity1534 amplicons confirmed strains of @entity1534 in all four @entity5990 , five out of six bile samples, and three out of five gallbladder specimens. Almost all mixed- @entity165 @entity5990 appear to harbor bacterial DNA, predominantly @entity526 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1534 was also found in the biliary system, suggesting that these bacteria are of etiological importance in @entity5990 formation.

title: Identification of XXXX in Gallstone, Bile, and Other Hepatobiliary Tissues of @entity1 with Cholecystitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones', 'gallstone']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Citrobacter, Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, a nonmagnetic @entity262 ( @entity262 , @entity1201 ) has been introduced for remote catheter manipulation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of @entity262 combined with intuitive 3-dimensional mapping on the fluoroscopy exposure to operator and @entity1 during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in a prospective randomized trial. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 were randomly assigned to undergo PVI either using a @entity262 guided (group 1; n = 30, 20 male, 62 +/- 7.7 years) or conventional ablation approach (group 2; n = 30, 14 male, 61 +/- 7.6 years). A 3-dimensional mapping system (NavX) was used in both groups. RESULTS: Electrical disconnection of the ipsilateral pulmonary veins (PVs) was achieved in all @entity1 . Use of @entity262 significantly lowered the overall fluoroscopy time (9 +/- 3.4 vs 22 +/- 6.5 minutes; P < 0.001) and reduced the operator's fluoroscopy exposure (7 +/- 2.1 vs 22 +/- 6.5 minutes; P < 0.001). The difference in fluoroscopy duration between both groups was most pronounced during the ablation part of the procedure (3 +/- 2.4 vs 17 +/- 6.3 minutes; P < 0.001). The overall procedure duration tended to be prolonged using @entity262 without reaching statistical significance (156 +/- 44.4 vs 134 +/- 12 minutes, P = 0.099). No difference regarding outcome was found during a midterm follow-up of 6 months (AF freedom group 1 = 73% vs 77% in group 2 [P = 0.345]). CONCLUSION: The use of @entity262 for PVI seems to be effective and significantly reduces overall fluoroscopy time and operator's fluoroscopy exposure without affecting mid-term outcome after 6-month follow-up.

title: Reduced fluoroscopy during XXXX ablation: benefits of robotic guided navigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['robotic navigation system', 'RN']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'PAF']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['Hansen-Sensei']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Primary @entity3478 can be either benign or malignant. Metastization is a characteristic feature of malignant @entity3478 . @entity5 are characterized by a local aggressive and destructive behavior. The behavior of a @entity5 is dependent on its entity, the differentiation grade and localization and these factors are of decisive importance for the correct therapy. Even @entity5 can behave very aggressively. Different stages are defined. @entity1 history and conventional radiographs are the most powerful primary diagnostic tools. @entity5 show typical characteristics and if a @entity5 is suspected a biopsy should be carried out. Several quality standards have to be respected when making the biopsy. The approach to @entity5 is always interdisciplinary. Several biological as well as alloplastic reconstruction techniques exist. The treatment of @entity3478 requires a lot of experience and should only be done in specialized centers.

title: [Diagnostics and treatment of primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'tumor', 'Many tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'Malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'primary malignant bone tumors']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal @entity2995 as treatment for @entity1103 associated with central @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 13 consecutive @entity1 (13 eyes) with @entity1103 associated with CRVO who were treated with an injection of intravitreal @entity2995 (4 mg) at the University of Wisconsin and the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Each intravitreal injection was delivered through the pars plana using a 27- or 30-gauge needle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in Snellen visual acuity, clinical appearance of @entity1103 , measurement of foveal thickening with optical coherence tomography (OCT), and frequency of complications. RESULTS: The median age of the 13 @entity1 was 67 years (interquartile range, 57-77 years), and the median duration of symptoms before injection was 8 months (interquartile range, 4-9 months). Mean baseline visual acuity was 20/500 in the affected eye. Mean visual acuity at the 6-month follow-up examination was 20/180 in the affected eye. All 13 @entity1 completed the 6-month examination. Eyes with nonischemic CRVO (n = 5) demonstrated a significant improvement in visual acuity, whereas eyes with @entity63 CRVO (n = 8) demonstrated a nonsignificant visual acuity improvement. No @entity1 had a decrease in visual acuity. Mean baseline foveal thickness as measured by OCT was 590 micro m (retinal thickening = 416 micro m). Mean foveal thickness as measured by OCT at the 1-month follow-up examination in 12 @entity1 was 212 micro m (retinal thickening = 38 micro m). At the 3-month follow-up examination, mean foveal thickness as measured by OCT for 13 @entity1 was 193 micro m (retinal thickening = 19 micro m). Between the 3- and 6-month follow-up examinations, 4 @entity1 developed a recurrence of @entity1103 . Three of the 4 @entity1 were retreated with a second injection of @entity2713 . Two of these 3 @entity1 experienced an improvement in visual acuity following retreatment. At the 6-month follow-up examination, mean foveal thickness as measured by OCT for 13 @entity1 was 281 micro m (retinal thickening = 107 micro m). No adverse effects such as @entity1713 or @entity3225 occurred. One @entity1 experienced an increase in intraocular pressure that was controlled with 2 aqueous suppressants. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection of @entity2713 appears to be a possibly effective treatment in some @entity1 with @entity1103 associated with CRVO. @entity1 with nonischemic CRVO may respond more favorably than @entity1 with @entity63 CRVO, and retreatment may be necessary in some @entity1 . In this case series, severe complications were not noted.

title: Intravitreal @entity2713 for the treatment of XXXX associated with central @entity2994 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: AIMS: Conventional definitions of @entity28 , e.g. body mass index (BMI) >=   30  kg/m(2) or waist circumference cut-points of 102  cm ( @entity1 ) and 88  cm ( @entity1 ), may underestimate metabolic risk in non-Europeans. We prospectively identified equivalent ethnicity-specific @entity28 cut-points for the estimation of @entity6 risk in @entity8461 Asians, African-Caribbeans and Europeans. METHODS: We studied a population-based cohort from London, UK (1356 Europeans, 842 South Asians, 335 African-Caribbeans) who were aged 40-69  years at baseline (1988-1991), when they underwent anthropometry, fasting and post-load (75  g oral @entity413 tolerance test) blood tests. Incident @entity164  2 @entity6 was identified from primary care records, @entity1 recall and/or follow-up biochemistry. Ethnicity-specific @entity28 cut-points in association with @entity6 incidence were estimated using negative binomial regression. RESULTS: @entity6 incidence rates (per 1000  @entity1 years) at a median follow-up of 19  years were 20.8 (95% CI: 18.4, 23.6) and 12.0 (8.3, 17.2) in South Asian @entity1 and @entity1 , 16.5 (12.7, 21.4) and 17.5 (13.0, 23.7) in African-Caribbean @entity1 and @entity1 , and 7.4 (6.3, 8.7), and 7.2 (5.3, 9.8) in European @entity1 and @entity1 . For incidence rates equivalent to those at a BMI of 30  kg/m(2) in European @entity1 and @entity1 , age- and sex-adjusted cut-points were: South Asians, 25.2 (23.4, 26.6)  kg/m(2) ; and African-Caribbeans, 27.2 (25.2, 28.6)  kg/m(2) . For South Asian and African-Caribbean @entity1 , respectively, waist circumference cut-points of 90.4 (85.0, 94.5) and 90.6 (85.0, 94.5)  cm were equivalent to a value of 102  cm in European @entity1 . Waist circumference cut-points of 84.0 (74.0, 90.0)  cm in South Asian @entity1 and 81.2 (71.4, 87.4)  cm in African-Caribbean @entity1 were equivalent to a value of 88  cm in European @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In prospective analyses, @entity8461 Asians and African-Caribbeans had equivalent @entity6 incidence rates at substantially lower @entity28 levels than the conventional European cut-points.

title: Ethnicity-specific @entity28 cut-points in the development of XXXX 2 @entity6 - a prospective study including three ethnic groups in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8461 :: ('MESH:C538208', 'Disease') :: ['British South']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: As L-Dopa was marketed in France in 1971 for treatment of @entity191 we used 1971 to divide a sample of @entity1 into 2 groups. Group 1 (152 @entity1 ) includes @entity1 with diagnosis made before 1971 and group 2 (264 @entity1 ) with diagnosis after 1971. The prognostic factors were motor deterioration, intellectual deterioration and @entity204 . The prognostic variables include the neuro-psychological status at the onset of the disease and at the beginning of L-Dopa treatment. The statistical analysis is based on Kaplan-Meier estimate, Log-rank test and Cox's model. In group 2, 10 years after the beginning treatment of L-Dopa, motor deterioration affected 60 p. 100 of the @entity1 . The poor variables were @entity4372 , severe @entity910 , poor clinical result after one year. Intellectual deterioration was frequent: 30 p. 100 at 10 years. The poor variables were age over 60, @entity308 or @entity716 occurring during the first year. The 10 years-survival rate was 64 p. 100 and was not different from that recorded in a French population of same age and sex distribution. The poor variables were severe @entity910 , presence of a Babinski sign, poor therapeutic result after one year, occurrence of @entity716 during the first year. The interval between the onset of the disease and the beginning of L-Dopa did not have any prognostic value, whatever the response criterion. In group 1, the same prognostic factors were pointed out. Survival and intellectual deterioration were not different in the 2 groups, but in group 1, motor deterioration appeared earlier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Long-term study of 416 cases of XXXX . Prognostic factors and therapeutic implications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episodes']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['akineto-hypertonic type']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: 1. The inhibitory effects of various @entity460 channel blockers; @entity594 , @entity1855 , @entity3988 and a heterogenous compound, @entity592 , have been investigated on isolated common bile duct from @entity840 . 2. All the compounds tested induced a concentration-dependent reduction of the amplitude of contractile response to electrical stimulation or increasing the @entity460 concentration of the bathing media. 3. @entity594 was the most potent compound whereas the least potent was @entity592 ; @entity1855 and @entity3988 had intermediate potency. 4. The IC50 values for these compounds were calculated as: @entity594 3.68 x 10(-9) M; @entity1855 , 4.93 x 10(-8) M; @entity3988 , 4.2 x 10(-7) M; and @entity592 5.51 x 10(-5) M. 5. All the compounds displaced the concentration-response curve of @entity12374 to the right in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the compounds studied, @entity594 had the highest and @entity592 had the lowest potency. 6. These results indicate the striking pharmacological effects of the @entity460 channel blockers on the common bile duct and may indicate a possible role for these compounds in the treatment of @entity253 .

title: Comparison of various @entity460 channel blockers on XXXX isolated common bile duct.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary colic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency surgery for malignant @entity694 entails relatively high morbidity and mortality rates and typically necessitates a 2-step resection. These problems might be potentially mitigated by placement of a @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) as a bridge to surgery. A @entity5648 colorectal @entity1702 may offer several advantages, but available evidence on the utility of this @entity1702 type remains highly limited. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety as a bridge to surgery of a @entity5648 @entity1702 designed for colorectal use. DESIGN: Prospective and retrospective multicenter clinical study. SETTING: Sixteen European study centers. @entity1 : Thirty-six @entity1 with malignant @entity694 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity5648 colorectal @entity1702 placement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Technical success in accurate @entity1702 placement with coverage of the entire stricture length, clinical success in alleviating @entity1049 , and bridging to elective surgery. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 97% of @entity1 with a 95% CI of 85% to 100% and clinical success in 81% (95% CI, 64%-92%). Elective surgery was performed in 94% (95% CI, 81%-99%) of @entity1 at a median of 11 days (95% CI, 7-15 days) after @entity1702 placement. @entity1702 -related perforation occurred in 3 @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: No control group was included in this nonrandomized cohort study. CONCLUSIONS: In this first comparatively large clinical study of a @entity5648 colorectal @entity1702 as a bridge to surgery, a high proportion of @entity1 successfully proceeded to elective surgery after prior decompression by @entity1702 placement.

title: Ultraflex precision colonic stent placement as a bridge to surgery in XXXX with malignant @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5648 :: ('MESH:C013616', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitinol', 'nitinol']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['self-expanding metal stent', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon obstruction', 'colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstructive symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To analyse the usefulness of bedside @entity358 ( @entity358 ) in detecting lung consolidation in a paediatric emergency room (ER) setting, febrile @entity1 seen at our ER from 2008 to 2012 with a moderate to severe @entity649 underwent @entity358 , chest X-ray (CXR) and laboratory investigations. At first ER assessment, @entity358 identified a lung consolidation in 207 @entity1 of 222 @entity1 enrolled, with a liver-like appearance in 75 (36.2  %) and an associated @entity1143 in 36.7  % of cases. CXR proved positive in 197 cases, showing a parenchymal consolidation (68.5  %) or a focal ground-glass opacity (31.4  %). @entity358 liver-like consolidation was significantly associated with longer duration of @entity221 (p   =   0.002), higher neutrophil counts and @entity1851 (CRP) values (p   =   0.015 and p   <   0.0001, respectively), and with the discovery of a homogeneous and dense parenchymal consolidation on CXR (p   <   0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity358 can be adopted by the clinician as a non-invasive bedside tool to expand the physical evaluation of febrile @entity1 with @entity649 . In our study, @entity358 results appeared not only as reliable as CXR in detecting lung consolidations but also consistent with clinical and laboratory data. What is known:     The diagnosis of @entity55 is mainly based on physical examination plus radiologic and laboratory evaluation when needed.     Although @entity358 ( @entity358 ) has shown high sensitivity in detecting several @entity66 in adults, its role in the work-up of @entity55 in @entity1 is not yet widely recognized. What is new:     @entity358 is confirmed to be a reliable imaging technique for the diagnostic work-up of febrile @entity1 with @entity649 , consistent not only with CXR results as previously reported by others but also with clinical and laboratory data.     In the hands of trained clinicians, it may represent a valuable supplemental bedside tool for a rapid evaluation in such circumstances.

title: Ultrasound detection of XXXX in febrile @entity1 with @entity649 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung ultrasound', 'LUS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: Telomerase activity is considered to be a diagnostic marker of @entity5 since most malignant cells express this activity and most somatic cells do not. However, the detection of telomerase activity is rather complicated and is affected by many factors. Recently, @entity1 telomerase components were cloned and found to consist of 3 subunits. We assessed which component of telomerase best correlates with @entity5 in order to study the possibilities for developing a new diagnostic marker. Telomerase activity was measured by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, and the telomerase components @entity7066 , @entity2215 -mRNA and @entity11071 -mRNA were detected by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Twenty-five of 26 oral malignant lesions, 9 of 22 benign lesions and none of 19 normal control tissues exhibited distinct telomerase activity. @entity7066 and @entity11071 -mRNA expression levels were detected in all malignant lesions and normal control tissues and had no significant correlation with the telomerase activity results. In contrast, @entity2215 -mRNA expression was closely associated with telomerase activity. All lesions expressing @entity2215 were telomerase positive. In addition, some samples of @entity75 , @entity5 , lichen planus and normal mucosa exhibiting poor telomerase activity revealed weak expression of @entity2215 . Expression levels of @entity2215 -mRNA positively correlated with clinical and pathological findings. Detection of @entity2215 -mRNA by RT-PCR appeared to be more sensitive for telomerase than measurement of telomerase activity by the TRAP assay. Detection of @entity2215 -mRNA may provide information useful in the diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: Telomerase components as a diagnostic tool in XXXX oral lesions.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral malignancies', 'benign tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate spectral domain optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence findings in eyes with @entity12977 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of visual acuity, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and autofluorescence findings of consecutive @entity1 with @entity12977 was performed. The spectral domain optical coherence tomography was evaluated for retinal architecture, subretinal accumulations, and photoreceptor layer thickness. Autofluorescence and near-infrared reflectance images were reviewed for correlative findings. RESULTS: There were 21 @entity1 (42 eyes) with @entity12977 with a mean age of 56.1    12.4 years. Subretinal fluid was found in 14 eyes, 7 of which had no signs of @entity1940 . In six of the seven eyes with a history of @entity1940 controlled with antivascular endothelial growth factor injections, there were areas of subretinal fluid that were not contiguous with the @entity1940 and did not seem responsive to antivascular endothelial growth factor injections. Two types of formed material were observed in the subretinal space and outer retina. The first was hypoautofluorescent deposits above the retinal pigment epithelium resembling @entity527 ( @entity2363 ). The second was yellow to @entity1423 in the subretinal space and outer retina similar to those seen in pattern @entity3986 and was found in 19 eyes. There was an apparent association between the presence of subretinal fluid and pattern @entity3986 -like findings. CONCLUSION: Subretinal fluid in @entity1 with @entity12977 is not always indicative of active leakage from underlying @entity1940 and can be resistant to antivascular endothelial growth factor injections. This fluid is associated with pattern @entity3986 -like findings and may indicate abnormal retinal pigment epithelial function.

title: Multimodal fundus imaging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subretinal drusenoid deposits']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['brown hyperautofluorescent aggregates']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy', 'dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity12977 :: ('MESH:D011561', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoxanthoma elasticum']

entities_list: @entity2363 :: ('MESH:C538361', 'Disease') :: ['reticular pseudodrusen']

answer: @entity12977 :: (MESH:D011561,Disease) :: ['pseudoxanthoma elasticum']


abstract: The effects of bath application of @entity935 and @entity750 (10(-10)-10(-8) M) were studied in the superfused dorsal root ganglia of 30-36-day-old @entity35 by means of the intracellular technique. In the majority of cells, @entity935 and @entity750 caused depolarization (60% and 64% of the tested cells, respectively). In other cells hyperpolarization, biphasic reactions or absence of responses have been observed. All reactions were dose dependent and reversible. Depolarization was accompanied by a decrease of input membrane resistance and hyperpolarization by its increase. Some cells did not show these alterations. @entity1154 were also capable of modulating spikes. In some cases @entity935 (10(-8)-10(-7) M) decreased the amplitude of the action potential and increased its duration, but the same concentration of @entity750 produced the opposite effect on these parameters. The correlation between the electrophysiological properties of the dorsal root ganglion neurons and their responses to @entity1154 were discovered. Neurons with high input membrane resistance, prolonged action potential and slow conduction velocity (small cells) were influenced much more by @entity1154 than neurons with low input membrane resistance, "fast" action potential and rapid conduction velocity (large cells). (1) Small cells had lower threshold to @entity1154 (10(-8)-10(7) M) than large ones, some of which did not respond even to 10(-6) M. (2) The amplitude and duration of @entity1154 -induced depolarization in small cells were on average about two to three times higher than those in large cells. These data provide evidence for the modulatory role of @entity1154 in spinal afferent sensory functions.

title: The effects of @entity935 and @entity750 on XXXX dorsal root ganglion neurons: an intracellular study.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['Monoamines', 'monoamine', 'monoamines']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test whether lower serum @entity414 (UA) levels are associated with longevity independent of renal function. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING: Ashkenazi Jewish individuals with exceptional longevity (Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine). @entity1 : Long-lived individuals (LLI) of Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity (mean age    standard deviation 97.7    2.9, n = 365), their offspring (mean age    standard deviation 68.2    8.2, n = 593) and controls (without family history of longevity, mean age    standard deviation 72.5    9.9, n = 356). MEASUREMENTS: Association between UA levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as well as @entity740 ( @entity740 ) stage, and correlation of UA levels of LLI and offspring were determined. Because LLI lack an appropriate control group, UA levels, eGFR, and prevalence of @entity5052 and @entity740 stages were compared between offspring and controls. RESULTS: Offspring were less likely to have @entity5052 and had lower UA levels than controls. Despite negative correlation between UA levels and eGFR and positive correlation between UA levels and @entity740 stages, eGFR and the prevalence of @entity740 stage III to V were not found to be different between offspring and controls. Furthermore, significant association between UA levels in LLI and their offspring (b estimate 0.1544, 95% confidence interval = 0.08-0.23, P < .001) has been observed. CONCLUSION: Offspring had lower UA levels than controls despite similar renal function, suggesting that other factors such as UA metabolism or renal tubular transport determine UA levels. The association between UA levels and longevity is particularly intriguing because UA levels are potentially modifiable with diet and drugs.

title: Family history of exceptional longevity is associated with lower serum XXXX levels in Ashkenazi Jews.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm @entity1 are at risk for @entity245 even in absence of major @entity75 . The hypothesis that @entity1 Recombinant @entity1307 ( @entity5301 ) could improve the neurodevelopmental outcome in risk neonates has raised the highest interest in recent years. METHODS: A group of preterm neonates born at a gestational age    <=   30  weeks and free from major @entity75 or major @entity227 , were included in the study if they had a complete neurologic evaluation for at least 24  months of postmenstrual age. They were assigned to group I in the case they had been treated with @entity5301 or group II if untreated. The aim was to evaluate whether @entity5301 , given at the high cumulative doses utilized for hematologic purposes, is able to improve the neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm @entity1 born at a gestational age    <=   30  weeks. A group of 104 preterm neonates were studied: 59 neonates  who received @entity5301 for 6.9        2.4  weeks at a median cumulative dose of 6300 UI/Kg (6337        2434 UI/Kg), starting at a median age of 4  days and 45 neonates  who were born in the period preceding the routine use of @entity5301 . The neurodevelopmental quotient at 24  month postmenstrual age was assessed utilizing the Griffiths' Mental Developmental Scales. RESULTS: Our results failed to show any difference in the Developmental Quotient at 24  month. @entity2107 , minor @entity548 and blood transfusions were the clinical features significantly related to the Developmental Quotient. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the hypothesis that @entity5301 , administered with the schedule utilized for hematologic purposes, improve the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm neonates, at least those preterm @entity1 free from @entity73 .

title: Are high cumulative doses of @entity1307 neuroprotective in preterm XXXX ? A two year follow-up report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['major impairments']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental sequelae']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During @entity130 , a multitude of events, including @entity63 , may cause leukocyte adhesion and margination. In this study, alterations of surface receptors involved in leukocyte adhesion were studied in traumatized @entity1 . In an attempt to discern the role of @entity519 , additional experiments were conducted in which normal @entity1 leukocytes were subjected to @entity519 stress in vitro. METHODS: Venous blood was obtained from 10 @entity130 @entity1 within 2 hours of @entity1913 (mean Injury Severity Score of 17 +/- 8) and from 8 normal volunteers (controls). Leukocytes were isolated from @entity1 and controls. To assess the effect of @entity519 , normal leukocytes were placed in hermetically sealed environments containing 100% @entity1568 . All leukocytes were labeled with @entity10876 - or @entity941 -bound monoclonal antibodies to @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), or to integrins @entity1454 and @entity9536 . Receptor concentration was measured by flow cytometry. Results were expressed as percentage of receptor-positive cells (%) and mean fluorescence channel units, which directly correlate with monoclonal antibody cell surface density. Significance of differences was tested by analysis of variance/Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Compared with the normal controls, circulating leukocytes obtained from traumatized @entity1 showed decreased expression of @entity2071 , @entity9536 , and @entity1454 2 hours after injury. In contrast, normal leukocytes exposed to @entity519 stress in vitro exhibited a marked increase in @entity9536 and @entity1454 expression and no change in @entity2071 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Leukocytes obtained from traumatized @entity1 showed a significant decrease in cell surface expression of adhesion receptors. This phenomenon is unlikely to be a direct consequence of @entity519 alone, because exposure to @entity519 in vitro actually increased expression of @entity9536 and @entity1454 .

title: Effects of @entity130 on leukocyte @entity2071 , XXXX , and @entity1454 expressions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'isolated hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity10876 :: ('MESH:D010799', 'Chemical') :: ['phycoerythrin']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity9536 :: (3684,Gene) :: ['CD11b']


abstract: We studied the action of @entity3027 and @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) on natural killer (NK)-rich fractions and @entity5 cells from two @entity1 with @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ). The addition of @entity3027 or @entity1199 to the NK-rich fractions resulted in a significant increase in NK activity against the @entity5 cells. This stimulatory effect was blocked if the target hairy cells (HCs) were preincubated with either @entity3027 or @entity1199 . Pretreatment of the HCs with anti-Tac antibody entirely prevented the blocking effect of @entity1199 and partially the blocking effect of @entity3027 . One @entity1 was treated with recombinant alpha c- @entity3027 . After 2 months there was a dramatic reduction in the number of HCs in the peripheral blood coincident with the loss of the protection effect of @entity3027 against NK lysis of the @entity1 's HCs. NK activity against @entity5 cells correlated poorly with that against the K562 cell line. We conclude that there is a discordant effect of @entity3027 and @entity1199 on NK activity and HC sensitivity to lysis. The Tac receptor appears to play a role in this sensitivity. Caution should be exercised in extrapolating the effects of NK activity against K562 cells to those on HC targets.

title: Discordant effect of interferon on natural killer activity and @entity5 cell sensitivity to lysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['autologous tumor']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['HCL', 'hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-interferon (IFN)', 'IFN']

answer: @entity5734 :: (MESH:D007943,Disease) :: ['hairy cell leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is considered the gold standard for the surgical treatment of small @entity5 . However, several approach routes, such as the transperitoneal (TP), lateral retroperitoneal, and the posterior retroperitoneal (PR) approaches are being used based on surgeon's preference. The PR approach has several benefits compared with the others. Recently, the authors used the PR approach to treat several @entity5 and here describe the methods used in detail and the preliminary results obtained. METHODS: From January 2009 to July 2010, 58 @entity1 underwent adrenalectomy. Open adrenalectomy and robotic adrenalectomy were performed in 5 and 10 @entity1 . Also, 43 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy, and the TP and PR approaches were used in 26 and 17 @entity1 , respectively. Clinicopathologic data and surgical outcomes were evaluated and compared retrospectively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the TP and PR groups in terms of age, sex, BMI, lesion side, volume of @entity190 , or @entity5 size (3.86    3.83 in TP approach, 2.64    1.61 in PR approach). Mean operative time and average oral intake time using the PR approach were shorter than for the TP approach. Less analgesia use was required in @entity1 who underwent PR approach. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe procedure and the operative time is comparable to transperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy. The use of the PR approach for small @entity5 can provide very favorable surgical outcomes compared with the TP approach.

title: A comparative study of the transperitoneal and posterior retroperitoneal approaches for laparoscopic adrenalectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumors', 'adrenal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['adrenal tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5606 ( @entity5606 ) is an aggressive @entity1313 that is predominantly found in young @entity1 . The present study reports the unusual case of an adult male @entity5606 @entity1 with a history of another type of @entity5 , @entity5607 ( @entity5608 or HME), who survived for 18 years. The @entity1 's first and chief complaint was a 1-month history of @entity391 . The @entity1 was admitted twice for treatment, and on the second admission, a craniotomy was performed to remove a intracranial mass. However, no radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment was administered. Pathology revealed monotonous medium- to large-sized neoplastic cells. The @entity1 succumbed to a @entity358 and @entity1576 14 days after the initial treatment. The prognosis for @entity5606 is extremely poor; furthermore, the @entity1 presented with another @entity5 . There may have been an association between the two @entity5 that worsened the clinical phenotype and prognosis of this @entity1 . Additionally, symptomatic treatment for this condition is insufficient; early surgery and radiotherapy may be more useful for preventing the aggressive progression of these @entity5 .

title: XXXX with @entity5607 in an 18-year-old male: A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['progressive projectile vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor', 'AT/RT']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary multiple exostoses']

answer: @entity5606 :: (MESH:D018335,Disease) :: ['Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor']


abstract: @entity12924 and its variants such as continuous Spike-Wave Discharge during Sleep (CSWS) are progressive @entity302 of childhood. The treatment of this unusual group of @entity1 is controversial. We describe our experience in treating @entity1 with @entity12924 and CSWS with @entity288 . The @entity1 received @entity229 1 mg/kg/day for 6 months, 1 year, then yearly. Follow-up was for 1-10 years (mean 4 years). Ten @entity1 , 3 females, 7 males were studied. Age of onset ranged from 2 to 11 years (mean 7.5 years). Eight @entity1 manifested @entity12924 , and two had CSWS. Most @entity1 had @entity410 (8/10); however, two @entity1 did not have clinical @entity410 . MRI was normal in all @entity1 . SPECT scan was abnormal in four @entity1 , normal in three, and not available in three. All but one @entity1 manifested significant improvement in language, cognition, and behaviour, which continued after the corticosteroid trial. Side effects were few (4/10) and transient and consisted of @entity1017 (2), behavioral change (1), and @entity101 (1). @entity288 are a safe and effective treatment for @entity1 with @entity12924 and CSWS. Most @entity1 had improvement in language, cognition, and behaviour after treatment. Side effects are few and reversible, and benefits appear long lasting. @entity288 should be considered as a treatment option in @entity1 with @entity12924 and CSWS.

title: @entity288 for the treatment of XXXX and continuous spike-wave discharge during sleep.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids', 'Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity12924 :: (MESH:D018887,Disease) :: ['Landau-kleffner syndrome']


abstract: We combined @entity419 PET and CT enterography in a single examination and compared the level of @entity419 uptake measured by maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) with the CT enterography patterns of disease activity found in @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ). METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 (mean age, 37.5 y; 11 male and 17 female) suspected of having active @entity30 underwent PET/CT enterography. Abnormal bowel segments recognized on CT enterography were graded qualitatively for the presence of perienteric fat infiltration, the comb sign, and intramural attenuation and by quantitative measurements of mural enhancement (Hounsfield units) and thickness (mm). Also, for each @entity1 , normal segments of the ileum and colon were noted, and CT enterography measurements of thickness and enhancement were obtained. For segments detected on CT enterography, a volume of interest was placed on the fused @entity419 PET scan, and the SUVmax was obtained. RESULTS: Of the 28 @entity1 with suspected active @entity30 , 22 had 85 abnormal segments and 6 had no abnormal segments. SUVmax was significantly higher in the abnormal segments than in the normal segments (5.0 +/- 2.5 [95% confidence interval, 4.5-5.5] and 2.1 +/- 0.69 [95% confidence interval, 1.9-2.2], respectively; P < 0.0001). A good correlation was found between SUVmax with CT enterography measurements of mural thickness and enhancement (P < 0.00001). There was a significant difference in SUVmax between the 3 levels of disease activity found by intramural attenuation, perienteric fat infiltration, and the comb sign on CT enterography. SUVmax was significantly higher when there were intense CT enterography findings of active disease (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: SUVmax assessment may allow an objective, reliable indication of the grade and severity of @entity32 activity in abnormal segments of the bowel detected by CT enterography.

title: PET/CT enterography in XXXX : correlation of disease activity on CT enterography with @entity419 uptake.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Crohn disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn disease']


abstract: The role of @entity141 -dependent @entity972 channels in mediating vascular responses to activation of adenylate cyclase in vivo is not known. The goal of this study was to examine the hypothesis that dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to activation of adenylate cyclase is mediated by activation of @entity141 -dependent @entity972 channels. Diameters of cerebral arterioles were measured in vivo in anesthetized @entity95 . Topical application of @entity1928 (1 and 10 mumol/L), a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, dilated cerebral arterioles by 40 +/- 8% (mean +/- SEM) and 71 +/- 9%, respectively, from a control diameter of 85 +/- 4 microns. @entity19191 (50 and 100 nmol/L), a selective inhibitor of @entity141 -dependent @entity972 channels, inhibited dilatation in response to both concentrations of @entity1928 by 45% to 60%. We obtained similar results by using charybdotoxin (50 nmol/L), another inhibitor of @entity141 -dependent @entity972 channels. Vasodilatation in response to @entity8279 (a cell-permeable @entity268 analogue) was also inhibited by @entity19191 . In contrast, dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to @entity1854 and @entity934 (activators of guanylate cyclase) and aprikalim (activator of @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels) was not inhibited by @entity19191 . These findings suggest that dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to @entity1928 and increases in intracellular concentrations of @entity268 are mediated by activation of @entity141 -dependent @entity972 channels. Thus, activation of @entity141 -dependent @entity972 channels may be a major mechanism of cerebral vasodilatation in response to activation of adenylate cyclase in vivo.

title: Dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to activation of adenylate cyclase is dependent on activation of XXXX -dependent K+ channels.

entities_list: @entity19191 :: ('MESH:C064719', 'Chemical') :: ['Iberiotoxin', 'iberiotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity998 ( @entity998 ) in the umbilical artery in high-risk first-trimester pregnancies and evaluate associated conditions. METHODS: This was a prospective evaluation of the umbilical artery Doppler waveforms of 614 consecutive high-risk pregnancies between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation, to determine those with @entity998 . The associated anomalies and characteristics of these fetuses were then investigated. RESULTS: In 278/614 (45.3%) fetuses, there was positive end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery; in 331/614 (53.9%) end-diastolic flow was absent and in 5/614 (0.8%) there was @entity998 . Three of the five fetuses with @entity998 had @entity215 ( @entity215 ) with @entity338 ( @entity338 ) and a @entity2461 , and all three showed signs of @entity712 , with reversed blood flow in the ductus venosus during atrial systole and generalized @entity4 . Another fetus had a large @entity1757 and the remaining fetus had agenesis of the ductus venosus. Three fetuses had trisomy 18 and one had trisomy 13. CONCLUSIONS: @entity998 in the umbilical artery is very rare in early pregnancy and mostly occurs in association with major @entity2241 and @entity299 , @entity215 with @entity338 and patent @entity432 . We propose that the patency of the @entity432 in @entity215 with @entity338 leads to @entity712 with subsequent demise early in pregnancy. Therefore, the frequent absence of the @entity432 observed in @entity338 in later pregnancy is more likely to be a result of early selection than a prerequisite for the development of this lesion as has been proposed previously.

title: Reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery at 10-14 weeks of gestation is associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['reversed end-diastolic flow', 'REDF']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['skin edema']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'particularly TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['APVS', 'absent pulmonary valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial duct']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal vascular anomalies']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['absent pulmonary valve syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity556 is the main activator of the fibrinolysis inhibitor @entity557 ( @entity557 ) and heightened clotting activation is believed to impair fibrinolysis through the increase of @entity557 activation. However, the enhancement of @entity556 generation by soluble tissue factor was reported to have no effect on plasma fibrinolysis and it is not known whether the same is true for cell-associated tissue factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tissue factor-expressing monocytes on plasma fibrinolysis in vitro. DESIGN AND METHODS: Tissue factor expression by @entity1 blood mononuclear cells (MNC) and monocytes was induced by @entity558 stimulation. Fibrinolysis was spectrophotometrically evaluated by measuring the lysis time of plasma clots containing @entity558 -stimulated or control cells and a low concentration of exogenous tissue plasminogen activator. RESULTS: @entity558 -stimulated MNC ( @entity558 -MNC) prolonged fibrinolysis time as compared to unstimulated MNC (C-MNC) in contact-inhibited but not in normal citrated plasma. A significantly prolonged lysis time was observed using as few as 30 activated cells/microL. Fibrinolysis was also impaired when clots were generated on adherent @entity558 -stimulated monocytes. The antifibrinolytic effect of @entity558 -MNC or @entity558 -monocytes was abolished by an anti-tissue factor antibody, by an antibody preventing @entity556 -mediated @entity557 activation, and by a TAFIa inhibitor (PTCI). Assays of @entity556 and TAFIa in contact-inhibited plasma confirmed the greater generation of these enzymes in the presence of @entity558 -MNC. Finally, the profibrinolytic effect of unfractionated heparin and enoxaparin was markedly lower (approximately 50%) in the presence of @entity558 -MNC than in the presence of a @entity559 preparation displaying an identical tissue factor activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that @entity558 -stimulated monocytes inhibit fibrinolysis through a tissue factor-mediated enhancement of @entity557 activation and make clots resistant to the profibrinolytic activity of heparins, thus providing an additional mechanism whereby tissue factor-expressing monocytes/macrophages may favor fibrin accumulation and diminish the antithrombotic efficacy of heparins.

title: Tissue factor-expressing monocytes inhibit fibrinolysis through a XXXX -mediated mechanism, and make clots resistant to heparins.

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity557 :: ('1361', 'Gene') :: ['thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor', 'TAFI']

entities_list: @entity559 :: ('MESH:D013925', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboplastin']

answer: @entity557 :: (1361,Gene) :: ['TAFI']


abstract: PURPOSE: We review our single center experience in the management of @entity8 ( @entity359 ) in @entity1 who were treated with @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) or invasive treatment protocols. @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospectively evaluated database was reviewed, and we identified 91 @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity8 who presented between June 1985 and February 2009. @entity1 characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and @entity1 outcomes were evaluated. @entity1 on @entity3457 were analyzed for successful completion of the surveillance protocol considering age, symptomatic presentation, and @entity5 size as potential predictors of invasive treatment. RESULTS: A total of 91 @entity1 with AMLs were identified. The mean @entity1 age was 57 years. Seventy-three (83.9%) @entity1 presented incidentally, and 14 (16%) @entity1 were symptomatic at presentation. Forty-five @entity1 were treated with @entity3457 , 4 underwent embolization, and 38 @entity1 had extirpative surgery. After a median follow-up of 54.8 months (range 0.2-211.7 mos), there was a mean growth rate of 0.088 cm/year in the group who were treated with @entity3457 . @entity3457 failed in three @entity1 . Two @entity1 had retroperitoneal bleeding during the observation period, and one @entity1 manifested an expeditious growth rate of 0.7 cm/year and underwent a radical nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity359 is a @entity703 that usually exhibits a benign course. Surgical @entity887 are the standard invasive treatment modalities. @entity3457 for AMLs is associated with a slow and consistent growth rate (0.088 cm/year), typically has minimal morbidity, and is a reasonable option in selected @entity1 . Symptomatic presentation and size (> 3 cm) are not predictive for necessitating an invasive procedure.

title: Contemporary experience in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal AML', 'renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['removal and embolization']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active surveillance', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity359 :: (MESH:D018207,Disease) :: ['angiomyolipoma']


abstract: METHODS: The clinical phenotype of 45 genetically confirmed @entity9847 @entity1 is described. RESULTS: In the majority of @entity1 (84%), the onset of symptoms was from early childhood but diagnosis was frequently delayed until after 30 years of age. Not all @entity1 could recognise a second wind although it was always seen with exercise assessment. A history of @entity9958 was not universal and episodes of @entity810 had occurred in a minority (11%). The condition does not appear to adversely affect pregnancy and childbirth. Clinical examination was normal in most @entity1 , @entity2086 was present in 24% and mild @entity2057 and @entity425 were seen only in @entity1 over 40 years of age and was limited to shoulder girdle and axial muscles. The serum @entity908 kinase was elevated in all but one pregnant @entity1 . Screening for the mutations p @entity23097 ( @entity23097 ) and p @entity23098 ( @entity23098 ) showed at least one mutated allele in 96% of Caucasian British @entity1 , with an allele frequency of 77% for pArg50X in this population. A 12 min walking test to evaluate @entity1 is described. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated a wide spectrum of severity with the range of distance walked (195-1980_emsp14;m); the mean distance walked was 512_emsp14;m, suggesting significant functional impairment in most @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a clinical review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity9958 :: ('MESH:D009212', 'Disease') :: ['myoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

answer: @entity9847 :: (MESH:D006012,Disease) :: ['McArdle disease']


abstract: A case of @entity955 during pregnancy in a @entity1 at 30 weeks of gestation is described. She was affected by obstructive @entity1184 , a rare disease usually non interfering with the normal course of pregnancy. The mortality rate is of 2-4% per year. The most frequent cause is "cardiac @entity944 ". High frequency @entity955 can lead to right and @entity712 . The treatment of @entity955 is to be chosen between a pharmacological or electrical therapy. However, during pregnancy, pharmacological cardioversion, although not excluded, could cause damaging side effects to the fetus. Conversely, according to literature, electrical cardioversion is effective on the mother and safer for the fetus. At admission the @entity1 showed @entity1353 , palpitations, @entity591 and @entity551 ; ECG showed an @entity955 at high frequency that required an immediate therapeutic decision. In the case we studied, we reported the recovery of cardiac rhythm with a single synchronized electric shock. Non alteration of fetal cardiac rhythm or uterine contractility was observed. Pregnancy went on without accidents until the 36th week, when a cesarean section was performed under general anaesthesia. We described our experience reviewing previous literature on the account of the rareness of the disease, its association to a pregnancy and the serious alterations of cardiac rhythm at the admission, which led us to take an immediate decision, safeguarding both the mother and the fetus.

title: [Electric cardioversion in pregnant XXXX with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A clinical case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic myocardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate feasibility, safety and clinical outcome of long-term therapy with @entity1945 (Hycamtin) in recurrent or persistent @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all @entity1 treated with @entity1945 ( @entity9919 ) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Italy between 1999 and 2007. Pertinent clinicopathologic information, response and @entity137 following treatment with @entity9919 were collected. @entity9919 was given at a dosage ranging between 1.5 and 1.0 mg/m2 every three to four weeks. All @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 acording to the CTC and response according to the RECIST response criteria. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was calculated from initiation of @entity9919 treatment and start of the next chemotherapy regimen. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 received @entity9919 for at least eight cycles for recurrent ovarian (22), fallopian tube (3) or @entity298 (5). A total of 432 cycles of chemotherapy were given, with an average of 14.4 cycles per @entity1 (range 8-22). Dose reduction was necessary in 20 @entity1 (66%). About half of the @entity1 required blood transfusions and growth factors. Non hematologic @entity137 was mild and manageable. Responses were observed in 16/30 @entity1 (53%), the remaining having SD. Median time to treatment progression was 28 months (range 9-88). CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with @entity1945 in recurrent/persistent @entity43 is feasible with limited evidence of cumulative @entity137 . The results of this retrospective analysis suggest a potential role for late response and survival benefit for those @entity1 without disease progression who continue @entity1945 therapy beyond six cycles of treatment.

title: Long-term XXXX therapy in recurrent or persistent @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['primary peritoneal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'Time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['topotecan']