abstract: INTRODUCTION: In May 2007, five @entity1 with @entity4002 were reported in an agricultural educational center in the rural southern French town of Florac. An investigation was undertaken to identify the outbreak source and risk factors for @entity281 , and to implement control measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We undertook active case finding. @entity1 were defined as individuals with an unexplained @entity221 of >= 38.5  C who lived in, worked in, or visited Florac between April 1 and June 30, 2007. @entity1 were confirmed by a positive @entity4002 serology test. A cross-sectional survey with a seroprevalence component was carried out in the educational center and surrounding area. A standardized questionnaire on known risk factors for the @entity281 was used and serological testing was carried out on finger prick blood specimens from @entity1 . The veterinary services investigated local herds within a 5-mile radius using polymerase chain reaction and serological tests. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two @entity1 were included in the cross-sectional survey. Eighteen serologically confirmed acute cases were identified, of whom 12 were from the educational center. The statistical analysis showed an independent association between @entity697 and living or working near an area where manure had been spread (p   =   0.0.042) and male gender (p   =   0.022). Frequenting the educational center's canteen was also associated with @entity281 (p   =   0.008) among staff and students. The veterinary investigations identified 11 of the 26 tested flocks of @entity1237 and @entity742 as seropositive for @entity4003 , including 2 ovine flocks located northwest of Florac that had high shedding levels of the bacterium. DISCUSSION: The observed excess of cases of @entity4002 in Florac, an area endemic for this @entity281 , in spring 2007 could be explained by an aerial transmission from infectious ovine flocks situated close to the town. All local herd owners were re-educated about the risks and prevention practices for @entity4002 .

title: Outbreak of XXXX , Florac, Southern France, Spring 2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['Q fever-like symptoms', 'Q fever']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['Coxiella burnetii']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['Q fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and quantity of coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) in asymptomatic subjects from the general population, to identify asymptomatic subjects without risk factors for @entity453 ( @entity453 ) with CAC scores in the top quartile of the distribution, and to compare CAC scores in @entity1 who underwent angiography with percentiles in asymptomatic subjects of the same age and sex. DESIGN: We studied two samples from Rochester, Minnesota, which consisted of 772 asymptomatic subjects from the general population and 145 @entity1 who underwent angiography, all of whom were 20 to 59 years of age. METHODS: Asymptomatic subjects were classified on the basis of their @entity453 risk profile. All subjects in both study samples underwent electron beam computed tomography. Age- and sex-specific @entity460 score percentiles were calculated in the asymptomatic sample. RESULTS: CAC prevalence in the asymptomatic subjects was lower in female than in male subjects and increased with advancing age. Of the asymptomatic sample, 8% had a low-risk profile with @entity460 scores in the top quartile of the distribution. More @entity1 than expected in the angiography sample had @entity460 scores above the 50th through 95th score percentiles. CONCLUSION: The quantity of CAC was substantially increased in @entity1 who underwent angiography. Subjects with large amounts of CAC but without known @entity453 risk factors may be a valuable subset of the population to investigate for previously unidentified @entity453 risk factors.

title: Quantity of coronary artery @entity460 detected by electron beam computed tomography in asymptomatic subjects and angiographically studied XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity65 ( @entity65 ) are the leading cause of mortality in type 1 @entity6 ( @entity5471 ). Carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) has been approved as a marker of subclinical @entity731 . The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between baseline @entity6 knowledge after five-day teaching program and @entity121 in @entity1 with ( @entity5471 ) treated with intensive functional insulin therapy (IFIT) from the onset of the disease. MATERIAL/METHODS: The analysis included 79 subjects aged 23.4  5.1 years with newly diagnosed @entity5471 , participating in Poznan Prospective Study (PoProStu). The @entity1 attended a five-day structured training program in IFIT at diagnosis, followed by a test consisting of 20 questions. After follow-up period of 11 years we evaluated the presence of @entity455 and subclinical macroangiopathy. @entity121 of the right common carotid artery was determined using high resolution ultrasonography and calculated automatically with the Carotid Analyzer for Research program. RESULTS: After 11-year follow-up median @entity121 was 560 (IQR: 520-630) m. We found a negative correlation between @entity6 knowledge at baseline and @entity121 at the end of follow-up (r=-0.27, p=0.017). In multivariate linear regression model baseline @entity6 knowledge test result was associated with @entity121 at follow-up, independently from sex, age, smoking status, presence of @entity101 and @entity2316 (all at follow-up) and from mean follow-up LDL- @entity165 concentrations and HbA1c results (b=-8, 95% CI -16, -1, p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity6 knowledge after 5-day teaching program is an independent predictor of subclinical macroangiopathy in @entity1 with @entity5471 .

title: Baseline XXXX knowledge after 5-day teaching program is an independent predictor of subclinical macroangiopathy in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 (Poznan Prospective Study).

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: A 1.4-kb cDNA clone encoding a 50-kDa homologue of p59, a @entity1457 binding immunophilin, has been isolated from a @entity380 cercariae cDNA library. We have designated this clone @entity383 p50 (Smp50). From the sequence comparison, we speculate that Smp50 is similar in structural organization to other p59 proteins. As with other p59s, Smp50 also shows homology to various FK binding proteins (FKBPs). The @entity1522 in @entity1 @entity10782 which are proposed to be important for @entity1140 interaction are conserved in the schistosome protein. We have expressed and purified the recombinant protein (rSmp50) from @entity526 . rSmp50 demonstrated peptidyl- @entity10783 cis-transisomerase (PPIase) activity, typical of immunophilins. Western blot analysis of extracts from @entity383 adult worms probed with rabbit polyclonal antisera, generated against the recombinant polypeptide, has indicated the presence of Smp50 in the parasite. The antisera did not cross-react with proteins from @entity526 or HeLa cell extracts. All of the p59s characterized to date have been from vertebrate species. Therefore, our finding represents the first identification of the protein in an invertebrate system.

title: XXXX : characterization of p50, an immunophilin.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) who are admitted to hospitals without coronary revascularization are frequently transferred to hospitals with this capability, yet we know little about the basis for how such revascularization hospitals are selected. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined interhospital transfer patterns in 71 336 @entity583 @entity1 admitted to hospitals without revascularization capabilities in the 2006 Medicare claims using network analysis and regression models. A total of 31 607 (44.3%) @entity583 @entity1 were transferred from 1684 nonrevascularization hospitals to 1104 revascularization hospitals. Median time to transfer was 2 days. Median transfer distance was 26.7 miles, with 96.1% within 100 miles. In 45.8% of cases, @entity1 bypassed a closer hospital to go to a farther hospital that had a better 30-day risk standardized mortality rates. However, in 36.8% of cases, another revascularization hospital with lower 30-day risk-standardized mortality was actually closer to the original admitting nonrevascularization hospital than the observed transfer destination. Adjusted regression models demonstrated that shorter transfer distances were more common than transfers to the hospitals with lowest 30-day mortality rates. Simulations suggest that an optimized system that prioritized the transfer of @entity583 @entity1 to a nearby hospital with the lowest 30-day mortality rate might produce clinically meaningful reductions in mortality. CONCLUSIONS: More than 40% of @entity583 @entity1 admitted to nonrevascularization hospitals are transferred to revascularization hospitals. Many @entity1 are not directed to nearby hospitals with the lowest 30-day risk-standardized mortality, and this may represent an opportunity for improvement.

title: Interhospital transfers among Medicare beneficiaries admitted for XXXX at nonrevascularization hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Intracoronary streptokinase (SK) was administered to 11 @entity1 with evolving acute transmural @entity583 5.5 +/- 0.4 hours from the onset of symptoms. Ten @entity1 (91%) had total @entity1563 , and one had subocclusion of the vessel corresponding to the ECG site of @entity1188 . Intracoronary @entity1242 failed to restore patency of total occlusion in all @entity1 . In 9 of 11 @entity1 (82%), patency was restored or improved with intracoronary SK. Thrombolysis was successful in 8 of 11 @entity1 (73%), and one @entity1 with transient patency developed acute reocclusion. Average time from SK infusion to reperfusion was 24 +/- 7 minutes. @entity1 with successful thrombolysis had patency initially restored at a dosage of 61,000 +/- 15,000 IU of SK and received a total dosage of 136,000 +/- 17,000 IU. Patency persisted at late study in six of eight @entity1 , and two @entity1 developed late reocclusion. Successful thrombolysis was associated with significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from early to late study, in contrast to deterioration of LVEF in @entity1 with unsuccessful recanalization (p less than 0.001). Systemic fibrinolytic activity occurred in 8 of 11 @entity1 at a mean dosage of 125,000 +/- 15,000 IU of SK and was unassociated with significant @entity548 . Significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration in the early hospital phase occurred in @entity1 receiving SK but did not differ from decreases occurring in a matched control population receiving conventional therapy for @entity1188 . Thus intracoronary thrombolysis with SK was successful in the majority of @entity1 during the early phase of evolving @entity1188 , and successful thrombolysis was associated with significant improvement in LVEF. Systemic fibrinolysis occurs in most @entity1 despite small total doses of SK, and the significant decrease in hemoglobin in these @entity1 may be unrelated to SK, since similar changes occurred in a control population receiving conventional therapy.

title: Effects of intracoronary streptokinase in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'transmural infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clone and express VP, gene from HBoV, and the expressed VP, protein was as the antigen in order to detect serum from @entity1 in Wenling area with lower @entity1729 . METHODS: The VP, gene was recombined with the genome of Baculovirus, which infected the insect cell. The fusion protein with HA tag was applied to confirm the specificity of expressed protein. Furthermore, the recombinant protein was observed using electron microscopy. The 176 serum from @entity1 in Wenling area with lower @entity1729 was screened using Western blot. RESULTS: The expressed @entity21892 protein was more than 60% in total proteins from insect cell, and MWt about 60 x 10(3). The virus-like particle (VLP) was observed using electron microscopy, and size about 20 nm. The 176 serum from @entity1 in wenling area with lower @entity1729 was screened using Western blot. The HBoV positive rate was 2.28% (4/176). CONCLUSION: The @entity21892 protein from @entity11332 was expressed in insect cell successfully. Through HA tag the @entity21892 protein was specific, and then the assay using @entity214 -PAGE with Western blot could detect and screen the antibody in serum from @entity1 with lower @entity1729 rapidly and accurately.

title: [Expression of recombinant XXXX gene in insect sf9 cells and screening of clinical specimens].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity11332 :: ('329641', 'Species') :: ['human bocavirus']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity21892 :: (3711588(Tax:329641),Gene) :: ['VP2']


abstract: The endpoints chosen for analysis of outcome following intravesical therapy can be quite varied. Precise definitions of endpoints are mandatory to permit any comparative assessment between agents or treatment regimens. Although the recurrence endpoint favorably impacts on quality of life by reducing the number of biopsies and resections, the endpoint of greatest importance is progression. Progression of disease is an indication for cystectomy. Unfortunately, the majority of trials testing intravesical agents have not shown significant reduction in disease progression or have been too small or followed for too short an interval to be able to adequately measure this endpoint. @entity5 recurrence after @entity5 resection may be explained by a number of factors; one is @entity5 cell implantation. A number of small trials have suggested a reduction in @entity5 recurrences by instillation of chemotherapy immediately after resection. Based on these preliminary data, large prospective multicenter trials have been conducted and have confirmed the benefit of immediate adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) cannot be administered immediately postresection because of the potential for systemic dissemination via the recently resected @entity5 bed. Therefore, combination strategies using immediate instillation of a cytotoxic agent followed by BCG induction and maintenance presents an attractive strategy that is currently under study and one that may be more commonly employed in the future treatment of @entity1 with superficial transitional cell @entity150 .

title: What is the available evidence to support immediate adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection of superficial transitional cell XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'initial tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: Cell proliferation of @entity135 was studied in 52 @entity1 using in vivo @entity1603 (BUDR) incorporation. @entity1 received 250 mg BUDR intravenously several hours prior to biopsy of the @entity5 tissue. Bivariate flow cytometry was used and enabled us to rapidly obtain DNA ploidy, @entity894 ( @entity894 ), DNA synthesis time ( @entity1950 ) and @entity5 potential doubling time (Tpot). This method was found to be suitable to obtain complete cytokinetic data in 46/52 (88.5%) @entity1 . The mean BUDR @entity894 was 7.9% (range 2-18%); mean @entity1950 was 11.6 h (range 6-28.5 h); mean Tpot was 5.7 days (range 2-30 days). BUDR @entity894 and @entity1950 were significantly correlated with histological differentiation grading: G3 @entity5 showed higher @entity894 values and @entity5 . A similar correlation was found between @entity894 or @entity1950 and @entity5 dimensions. Tpot was also significantly lower in larger @entity5 , such as in those with a higher grading. No significant correlation was found between @entity894 or @entity1950 and DNA ploidy (50% of the @entity5 in our series were DNA aneuploid), while Tpot was found to be 10 days in @entity5 , compared to only 6.3 days for the @entity5 (p < 0.05). All cases with documented lymph node involvement (N+) showed significantly higher @entity894 , and shorter @entity1950 and Tpot values if related to nodal free ones (Tpot = 10 days in N+ @entity1 and 6.3 days in N- @entity1 ; p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the method employed is clinically feasible and could be a useful aid in defining the prognosis of @entity135 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Proliferative characteristics of @entity135 . In vivo evaluation by XXXX incorporation and flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labelling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'shorter TS values than G1/G2 tumors', 'diploid tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']


abstract: @entity1271 problems were assumed to decrease profitability of dairy @entity291 through milk price, treatment cost, and involuntary culling cost. Milk price decreased through a stepwise function of @entity7018 (actual French conditions). A continuous latent variate was supposed to trigger other costs through appropriate thresholds. The relative weights for one genetic standard deviation in the selection objective were 1, -.07, and -.14 for yield, @entity7018 , and @entity1271 liability, respectively. @entity74 were predicted for a conventional breeding scheme using statistical parameters from the literature. Selection on yield and log @entity7018 , with or without @entity1271 culling rate, increased genetic gains for the overall profitability of .7 or .9%, respectively, compared with selection on yield only. Increases of log @entity7018 and @entity1271 problems because of selection were substantially reduced (40 to 60%). Consequences from constraint of the genetic trend for @entity1271 liability to zero depended on the method used to assess @entity1271 problems. Use of log @entity7018 had a significant and variable negative impact (-8.9 to -36% according to parameters) on overall efficiency compared with the relevant unconstrained selection. Simultaneous use of log @entity7018 and culling rate had a moderate effect (-4.9 to -7.4%) on overall efficiency compared with that from unconstrained selection.

title: A simulation study of selection methods to improve XXXX resistance of dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Annual genetic gains']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['Mastitis', 'mastitis']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity420 arising from perianal fistulae in @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) is rare. The literature consists mainly of case reports and small series making characterization of this clinical entity difficult. We present 6 @entity1 with @entity30 and @entity292 -associated @entity420 (FAAA) and a systematic review of published series. METHODS: Retrospective charts were reviewed of 6 consecutive @entity1 with FAAA in @entity30 treated from 1992 through 2007. All available variables of our @entity1 and of all available published cases were included for statistical analysis. RESULTS: All @entity1 treated at our institution had severe perianal @entity30 at presentation. The average age at time of diagnosis was 45.5 years. All @entity1 underwent abdominoperineal resection (APR) and 4 received chemoradiation. Four @entity1 died with metastatic disease, 1 is alive with pelvic recurrence at 55 months, and 1 is alive without evidence of disease at 19 months follow-up. A total of 23 publications including 65 @entity1 (37 female, mean age 53 years) with FAAA were reviewed in our systematic review. The average @entity292 duration was 14 years. Mean delay of @entity5 diagnosis was 11 months. APR was performed in 56 @entity1 with an overall 3-year survival rate of 54%. Thirteen of 15 @entity1 with node-positive @entity5 died with recurrent disease following surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity420 arising from long-standing perianal @entity30 fistulae is being increasingly reported. The outcome is poor following operative treatment, especially if perirectal lymph nodes are involved. Periodical @entity5 surveillance should be performed in all @entity1 with long-standing perianal @entity30 fistulae.

title: Fistula-associated @entity420 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'anal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Initiation of class III anti-arrhythmic medications requires telemetric monitoring for @entity943 and @entity1162 to reduce the risk of @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ). Heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) is an indicator of risk, however it is imperfect, and @entity854 of repolarization have been linked with arrhythmogenesis. PURPOSE: Identification of electrocardiographic predictors of torsadogenic risk through the application of a novel T wave analysis tool. METHODS: Among all @entity1 admitted to Mayo Clinic for initiation of @entity2781 or @entity2778 , we identified 13 cases who developed drug-induced @entity1166 and 26 age and sex matched controls that did not develop @entity1166 . The immediate pre- @entity1166 ECG of those with @entity1166 was compared to the last ECG performed prior to hospital discharge in controls using a novel T wave program that quantified subtle changes in T wave morphology. RESULTS: The QTc and 12  T wave parameters successfully distinguished @entity1166 cases from controls. The top performing parameters were the QTc in lead V3 (mean case vs control 480 vs 420  msec, p   <   0.001, r   =   0.72) and T wave right slope in lead I (mean case vs control -840.29 vs -1668.71  mV/s, p   =   0.002, r   =   0.45). The addition of T wave right slope to QTc improved prediction accuracy from 79 to 88  %. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that, in addition to QTc, the T wave right slope is correlated strongly with @entity1166 risk. This suggests that a computer-based repolarization measurement tool that integrates additional data beyond the QTc may identify @entity1 with the greatest torsadogenic potential.

title: Electrocardiographic Predictors of Torsadogenic Risk During @entity2781 or XXXX Initiation: Utility of a Novel T Wave Analysis Program.

entities_list: @entity2781 :: ('MESH:C063533', 'Chemical') :: ['dofetilide']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['TdP', 'torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['subtle abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT prolongation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2778 :: (MESH:D013015,Chemical) :: ['Sotalol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in characteristics of periodontal pathogens in @entity527 of @entity1 with @entity1175 and its relevance with clinical symptoms. METHODS: A total of 108 @entity527 samples were collected from 30 @entity1 with @entity1175 (Group G), 9 cases of @entity7278 (Group P) and 15 healthy controls (Group H). The age of the 54 @entity1 was from 11 to 17. The black-pigmented bacteria (BPB), @entity8209 (Fn), @entity3841 (Aa), Actinomyces were detected using bacterial culture. The @entity92 ( @entity92 ), gingival index (GI), bleeding index (BI) and @entity6730 ( @entity6730 ) were also recorded. RESULTS: In all these three groups, the detection rates of black-pigmented bacteria were: 3%, 30% and 100%; Fn were: 30%, 68% and 94%, statistically significantly different (P < 0.01). The lgCFU/ml of black-pigmented bacteria and Actinomyces was higher in mild-moderate group [(3.8 +/- 0.7) and (5.3 +/- 0.9)] than in Group H (P < 0.001). The lgCFU/ml of black-pigmented bacteria and Fn significantly was higher in severe @entity32 group [(4.7 +/- 1.2) and (4.4 +/- 0.8)] than in the mild-moderate group (P < 0.01). The lgCFU/ml of black-pigmented bacteria, Fn and Aa was higher in severe @entity2522 group [(6.6 +/- 1.0), (5.5 +/- 1.0) and (4.2 +/- 1.7)] than in mild @entity2522 group (P < 0.01). The detection rate and lgCFU/ml of black-pigmented bacteria, Fn and Aa were both positively correlated with BI, @entity92 and @entity6730 . CONCLUSIONS: In the stage of severe @entity2522 , the periodontal pathogens increased markedly, suggesting that risk of further destruction of periodontal tissue may exist.

title: [Bacteriological analysis of XXXX in adolescents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity1175 :: ('MESH:D011628', 'Disease') :: ['puberty gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

answer: @entity527 :: (MESH:D058225,Disease) :: ['subgingival plaque']


abstract: The @entity11232 ) promoter confers phloem-specific gene expression in transgenic @entity579 plants. A series of promoter deletion mutants were fused with the @entity526 beta-glucuronidase A (uidA) reporter gene and introduced into transgenic @entity579 plants. The @entity11232 promoter confers substantially stronger expression in shoots than in roots. A fragment of the promoter comprising @entity2036 -164 to +45 relative to the transcriptional start site contains sufficient information for phloem-specific gene expression. Within this region, @entity2036 -164 to -43 were essential for promoter function since deletion of this fragment dramatically reduced promoter activity. Gel-retardation assays identified two groups of @entity579 nuclear factors (RNFG1 and RNFG2) that bind to the -164 to +45 promoter fragment. Competition and DNasel footprinting experiments indicated that RNFG1 bound to @entity2036 -3 to +8 (Box I) while RNFG2 bound to @entity2036 -53 to -39 (Box II). Interactions between the two groups of factors were observed. In addition, we found differences in the binding of nuclear factors from shoots versus from roots, in agreement with the different activities of the promoter in these two organs. It is proposed that binding of RNFG1 and RNFG2 between @entity2036 -164 to +45 is essential for the tissue-specific expression of this promoter.

title: The regulatory regions of the @entity11232 promoter and interacting nuclear factors in XXXX ( @entity579 .).

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity11232 :: ('10654', 'Species') :: ['Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV', 'RTBV']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 @entity39 factor receptors (TNFR) are differentially regulated in @entity1 rejecting renal transplants. The @entity3375 ( @entity3375 ) regulates the membrane shedding of both receptors and TNF itself. We analyzed the expression and regulation of @entity3375 in @entity1 rejecting renal transplants. METHODS: Samples from normal renal tissue or renal transplant undergoing severe acute rejection were immunostained for @entity3375 using antibodies from different species. @entity1 kidney epithelial cells were cultured and @entity3375 plasmid was transfected to upregulate @entity3375 expression. Cells were fractionated and immunoblotted for @entity3375 , and ELISA was performed to test soluble @entity10733 . RESULTS: We showed that @entity3375 was upregulated mainly in tubular epithelial cells in acute rejecting kidney, where it colocalized with @entity10733 . Epithelial cells with increased levels of @entity3375 shed more soluble @entity10733 into culture media and even more after @entity3375 activation by @entity1359 stimulation. The shedding could be completely blocked by the @entity3375 inhibitor @entity310 protease inhibitor. CONCLUSION: Upregulation of @entity3375 in epithelial cells in acute rejecting kidney could lead to more @entity10733 shedding and, hence, antagonize the proinflammatory effect of local TNF.

title: The role of XXXX @entity39 factor-a converting enzyme in renal transplant rejection.

entities_list: @entity3375 :: ('6868', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-a converting enzyme', 'TACE']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Pharmaceutical agents are often given inappropriate precedence in the treatment of @entity344 . Nutrients have marked influences on the gastrointestinal tract and manipulation of the diet provides clinicians with a powerful therapeutic strategy to be used alone or concurrently with drug therapy. During @entity697 a change from the animal's regular food to a diet containing novel protein sources minimizes the likelihood of acquired @entity5419 to the staple protein components of the diet. "Feeding through" @entity294 , a method used in @entity1 @entity1 , has limited applicability in @entity235 and @entity468 . The ideal diet for chronic small bowel-type @entity294 is highly digestible, gluten-free, hypoallergenic, isosmolar, low in fat and low in @entity1132 . Dietary protein requirements increase in @entity6518 . Dietary fat is kept to a minimum during @entity344 because malabsorbed @entity1718 and @entity3645 cause @entity11803 . In diseases of the small bowel, it is traditional to use low fiber diets. This recommendation needs revision because the binding and gelling properties of fiber are of potential benefit in the treatment of small bowel @entity294 . High fiber diets are useful in most large @entity29 . The specific fiber type used markedly influences the clinical result.

title: Nutritional management of @entity344 of @entity235 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergies']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal dysfunction', 'gastrointestinal tract diseases']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['protein-losing enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity11803 :: ('MESH:C536210', 'Disease') :: ['secretory diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: Many techniques of rehabilitation require that the @entity1 have intact cognition. This study determined the frequency of @entity73 among the predominantly elderly @entity1 on a community teaching hospital acute rehabilitation ward. The Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination (CCSE) was administered to 81 @entity1 (ages 44 to 99, means 77, male:female 29:52). That 52 @entity1 (64%) scored below 20 on the CCSE suggests significant @entity73 . The @entity73 @entity1 were older than those with normal CCSE scores (p less than 0.05) and 19 @entity1 had a prior history of chronic @entity303 . The physicians of 12 of the @entity73 @entity1 (15% of all @entity1 screened) were unaware of the impairment prior to their CCSE. @entity73 @entity1 scored similarly irrespective of a prior history of similar impairment (CCSE scores 10.2 +/- 1 for those without a prior history of @entity303 , 7.3 +/- 1.4 for those with prior @entity303 , p greater than 0.05). Physicians were more likely to be aware of a @entity1 's current cognitive problems if the @entity1 had a prior history of @entity303 (19/19 vs 21/33, p less than 0.01). The utility of employing a routinely administered CCSE to all @entity1 accepted by a rehabilitation ward is emphasized. The time, cost, and effort of routinely performing such tests are negligible, and the potential benefits are considerable.

title: XXXX on a rehabilitation service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitively impaired', 'cognitively impaired', 'cognitive impairment', 'impaired cognition']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: The role of extracellular @entity141 in @entity1420 -induced fibronectin production and deposition by hen granulosa cells was studied. Granulosa cells isolated from preovulatory follicles of the @entity1573 ovary were incubated in @entity141 -deficient or @entity141 -containing medium 199, and the amount of total fibronectin produced (fibronectin deposited in the matrix, secreted into the medium, or associated with cells) was measured by ELISA. The quantity of fibronectin deposited as well as the total amount of fibronectin produced in the presence or absence of exogenous @entity1420 was suppressed in @entity141 -deficient medium. It required greater concentrations of exogenous @entity1420 to significantly increase fibronectin production in @entity141 -deficient medium than in @entity141 -replete medium. @entity20373 , an inhibitor of @entity1420 synthesis, suppressed total fibronectin produced by unstimulated cells both in the absence and presence of @entity141 . However, the inhibitory effect of @entity20373 was significantly less in @entity141 -replete medium than in @entity141 -deficient medium. Exogenous @entity1420 reversed completely the inhibitory effects of @entity20373 . In the presence of @entity20373 , @entity1420 caused a greater (3-fold) increase in fibronectin production in @entity141 -replete medium than in the absence of @entity141 . @entity2426 , an agent that mobilizes @entity141 from internal stores, suppressed basal and @entity1420 -induced fibronectin production in the absence and presence of @entity20373 . However, the inhibitory effect of @entity2426 was significantly reduced in @entity141 -replete medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intracrine role of XXXX in fibronectin production and deposition by @entity1573 ovarian granulosa cells in vitro: effect of extracellular calcium.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin', 'thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity20373 :: ('MESH:D003489', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyanoketone', 'cyanoketone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the management of anterior skull base defects in @entity1 who present with @entity5745 after previous open neurosurgical intervention. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 repaired endoscopically for symptomatic @entity5745 between April 1, 2005, and July 1, 2008. Volumetric calculation of the amount of intracranial air based on the preoperative CT scan was performed. RESULTS: Six @entity1 met inclusion criteria. The etiology of skull base defects was accidental @entity130 in two @entity1 and surgical @entity130 in the remaining four. Average time from the open intervention until endoscopic repair was 28 days. Intrathecal @entity941 was utilized in five cases, but visualized at the site of the defect in only one @entity1 . All @entity1 were treated with a similar endoscopic technique. A simple free mucosal graft was used in four @entity1 ; a mucosal graft was placed over a layered reconstruction consisting of acellular dermal matrix in two @entity1 , with one @entity1 receiving septal cartilage. Closure of defects was achieved in all six @entity1 with complete resolution of @entity5745 in five @entity1 after an average of 17 days; one @entity1 had trace amounts of @entity5745 (< 2 cc) at 10 days. Mean follow-up was seven months. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic techniques employed in this preliminary report demonstrate promising results in managing skull base defects associated with clinically significant @entity5745 following failed prior open neurosurgical repair. The small population size in this study, however, precludes definitive conclusions regarding efficacy.

title: Endoscopic management of skull base defects associated with persistent XXXX following previous open repair: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity5745 :: (MESH:D011007,Disease) :: ['pneumocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) carries a high risk of operation, particularly in those with poor left ventricular function. In this study, we assessed the outcomes of @entity1 who presented with severe preoperative @entity1002 (shortening fraction <15%) who underwent the repair under normothermic bypass. METHODS: Since September 2002, 21 @entity1 with severe @entity1002 underwent surgical repair using a direct coronary reimplantation technique. Mean age of @entity1 was 5.3 +/- 3.8 months. Moderate or severe @entity339 present in 5 @entity1 was not addressed at the operation. Repair was performed under normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial protection was achieved by intermittent antegrade normothermic @entity1503 . RESULTS: Mean cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times were 153.5 +/- 51 and 50 +/- 14.5 minutes, respectively. There was one (4.7%) early @entity204 because of @entity1164 48 hours after successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. One @entity1 required urgent left coronary artery stenting on the 34th postoperative day because of early reimplantation failure. There was no late @entity204 . Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a significant improvement in terms of shortening fraction (preoperative, 10.3 +/- 3.2% vs follow-up, 33 +/- 7.7%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery can be accomplished with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates even in @entity1 having severely depressed left ventricular function. Normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass is safe and effective in @entity1 who have a limited tolerance to further @entity63 insult.

title: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery associated with severe XXXX : results in normothermia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risks and benefits of @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 inhibitors are often presented using statistical descriptions that are difficult to translate directly for @entity1 into a clinically meaningful context. OBJECTIVES: To illustrate the risks and benefits of @entity310 inhibitors in relation to risks that @entity1 understand. METHODS: We performed a number needed to treat analysis for @entity1 with @entity1569 on @entity310 inhibitors via a Medline and Embase search. We determined the number needed to benefit and the number needed to harm with @entity310 inhibitor treatment. We compared the risk of serious adverse events from treatment with a @entity310 inhibitor to the risk of death from driving a car. The risk analyses were limited to the risks of @entity378 , @entity17 . RESULTS: The numbers needed to benefit were 2.1 for etanercept, 1.4 for infliximab, and 1.6 for adalimumab. Depending on the adverse event, the numbers needed to harm ranged from 380 to 360,000 treated @entity1 per year. Screening prior to the initiation of @entity310 inhibitor therapy reduces risk of @entity378 . @entity1 are about as likely to die in a car accident as to have a serious adverse event from treatment with a @entity310 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: All three of the @entity310 antagonists have remarkable efficacy in @entity1 with severe @entity1569 . The risks of serious adverse events are relatively rare and comparable to the risks @entity1 take on a regular basis such as driving a car. For many @entity1 with severe @entity1569 , the benefits of @entity310 inhibitors may greatly outweigh the risks.

title: Using 'number needed to treat' to help conceptualize the magnitude of benefit and risk of @entity5 XXXX factor-alpha inhibitors for @entity1 with severe @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma and demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: 1. Factors inducing dilatation of @entity840 basilar artery were investigated in intact and endothelium-denuded tissues by measurement of isometric tension and by electrophysiological methods. 2. The amplitudes of contractions induced by @entity16984 ( @entity16984 ) and by high K+ were enhanced by haemoglobin (oxyhaemoglobin, Hb) in a concentration-dependent fashion (above 1 microM). For the high K+-induced contraction, the initial tonic component was enhanced to a greater extent than the secondary phasic component. Mechanical responses evoked by @entity16984 and by high K+ were greater in endothelium-denuded tissues, but Hb (below 10 microM) had no effect on them. 3. Hb (10 microM) had no effect on the contractile proteins as estimated from the actions of Hb on @entity141 -induced contractions in skinned muscle tissues. Further, Hb had no effect on the release of @entity141 from intracellular stores but it accelerated the @entity141 accumulation into the sarcoplasmic reticulum as judged from the @entity5834 - or @entity16984 -induced contraction generated in intact tissues. 4. @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) relaxed tissues that were precontracted by @entity16984 but Hb prevented this relaxation, in a concentration-dependent fashion. The @entity1617 -induced relaxation was sustained for over 10 min in the absence of Hb, but following application of Hb, @entity1617 caused only a transient relaxation. 5. @entity16984 (up to 100 nM) did not modify the resting membrane potential of smooth muscle cells of the basilar artery. @entity1617 (10 microM) caused transient hyperpolarization which was only slightly inhibited by Hb (10 microM) whether or not @entity16984 was present. The hyperpolarization induced by @entity1617 required the presence of endothelial cells. 6. @entity3365 (0.01-1 microM) relaxed tissues which were precontracted by @entity16984 , in a concentration-dependent fashion but had no effect on the membrane potential. 7. These results suggest that in @entity840 basilar artery, @entity1617 induces relaxation of tissues that were precontracted by @entity16984 by causing release of both endothelium-derived relaxing (EDRF) and endothelial dependent hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) (sustained and initial transient relaxation, respectively), but via different mechanisms. Hb inhibits the former and to a lesser extent, the latter. Since @entity3365 produced relaxation of pre-contracted tissue but caused no detectable change in the membrane potential, this agent may release EDRF but not EDHF.

title: Factors inducing endothelium-dependent relaxation in the XXXX basilar artery as estimated from the actions of haemoglobin.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity16984 :: ('MESH:C037866', 'Chemical') :: ['9,11,epithio-11,12-methanothromboxane A2', 'STA2']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: A histopathological study of @entity17566 due to @entity8436 was carried out on 28 cutaneous and 114 mucosal biopsies, taken from Bolivian and Peruvian @entity1 . This study showed similar histopathological findings in @entity3137 . The cutaneous biopsies showed a strong @entity1373 occasionnally budding in the dermis. In the ulcerative area, the epidermis was totally necrosed and replaced by a fibrino-leucocytic edge. In the dermis, histio-lympho-plasmocytic infiltration was constantly found. The histiocytes often gathered in follicles sometimes with diffuse @entity82 . The @entity4801 were encountered in 28.6 p. 100 of the biopsies. Whatever the mucosa concerned (i.e. nasal, palatal or lingual), the mucosal lesion was not different from the cutaneous lesion. The malpighian epithelium is either absent or the seat of a pseudo-epitheliomatous @entity1373 . Major histio-lympho-plasmocytic infiltration was found and extended through the depth of the lamina propria. Suppurative and fibrinoid necroses coexisted superficially and sometimes penetrated in depth. The @entity4801 were found in about 30 p. 100 of the cases.

title: [Histopathology of @entity17566 caused by XXXX (Vianna) braziliensis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity17566 :: ('MESH:D007897', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity8436 :: ('5660', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous and mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity8436 :: (5660,Species) :: ['Leishmania']


abstract: In a total appraisal, the advantages and drawbacks of operative decompression and stabilisation of the injured thoracolumbar spine should be evaluated in the treatment of a paraplegic @entity1 and of a @entity1 without @entity16 . Operative treatment may be advantageous independent of its effect on the @entity16 . Only a few studies allow direct comparison between operative and conservative treatment. Some studies are only of historical value. Today, a general operative policy is to use Harrington rods in the thoracic spine. For @entity130 caudal to the 9th thoracic vertebra and for those with @entity130 in the lumbar spine, internal fixators with transpedicular screws are used. Anterior decompression and stabilisation are also warranted in some cases. New implants are continuously being developed, e.g. implants which combine the advantages of hooks and pedicular screws. No study shows conclusively that operative treatment improves the neurological status compared with conservative care. Conservative and operative treatment may both have particular complications. It appears that @entity16 is more likely to occur after conservative treatment, while complications related to wound healing and from the implants burden the operative alternative. Mobilisation is quicker and easier after operative treatment, improving psychological and social rehabilitation. Also, these @entity1 experience less in the way of @entity615 . A high level of expertise is required for operative treatment and this illustrates the general need for the centralisation of the treatment of these relatively rare and severe @entity130 .

title: Operative treatment as a part of the comprehensive care for @entity1 with XXXX of the thoracolumbar spine. A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neural damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) is higher in Mexican Americans ( @entity4427 ) than in @entity62 ( @entity62 ) even after adjustment for the former's greater overall and more centralized adiposity. We previously have shown that @entity4427 are more hyperinsulinemic than @entity62 even after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), subscapular-to-triceps skinfold ratio, and @entity413 tolerance. We now confirm these findings in much larger population (n = 1,182). Since hepatic extraction of insulin may be decreased with @entity1386 , we also measured fasting and 2-hour C-peptides in a subset of subjects (n = 70). C-peptide concentrations were higher in @entity4427 than in @entity62 indicating that @entity4427 have higher insulin secretion. We examined whether the increased insulin concentrations in @entity4427 may be associated with a bimodal distribution of insulin concentrations in which the second or higher mode might represent pre- @entity6 . No evidence of bimodality, however, was apparent. The effect of overall adiposity (BMI) and @entity1386 was similar in both Mexican Americans (a high risk population for @entity2175 ) and @entity62 (a low risk population for @entity2175 ). These data indicate that, like other populations at high risk for @entity2175 such as Pima Indians in the U.S. Southwest and Micronesians in the South Pacific, Mexican Americans have more @entity3190 than can be accounted for by their adiposity and body fat distribution. Prolonged insulin secretion (secondary to increased insulin resistance), is one possible explanation for this phenomenon which could lead to islet cells decomposition and eventual clinical @entity6 .

title: @entity3190 as a possible etiology for the high prevalence of XXXX in Mexican Americans.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus', 'NIDDM']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic whites', 'NHWs']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['upper body adiposity']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non insulin dependent diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) may negatively influence @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) @entity1 ' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Dose modification is the only way to minimize @entity1897 . To measure @entity1897 in daily practice, the Indication for Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC) Grading of @entity1897 Questionnaire (ICPNQ) was developed which can be completed within five minutes by the @entity1 . The aims of this study were to (1) perform a psychometric evaluation of the ICPNQ and (2) examine the prevalence of @entity1897 and its influence on HRQOL in population-based @entity1582 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred fifty-six @entity1582 @entity1 , diagnosed between 2000 and 2014, completed the ICPNQ, European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire Chemotherapy-Induced @entity1897 20 (EORTC QLQ-CIPN20), and EORTC QLQ-C30 (65  % response). RESULTS: The psychometric analyses showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.84, 0.74, and 0.61 for, respectively, the sensory, motoric, and autonomic subscales of the ICPNQ. Test-retest reliability and construct validity were good for all subscales. Overall, 65  % of @entity1 reported grade 2-3 @entity16 according to the ICPNQ. @entity1 with the highest CTC grades (grade 2 with @entity9 and grade 3 (38  %)) according to the ICPNQ reported significantly worse scores on all EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 subscales compared to @entity1 with lower CTC grades (p   <=  0.002). In addition, they reported statistically significant and clinically relevant worse HRQOL scores on almost all EORTC QLQ-C30 subscales. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1897 is a common side effect in @entity1582 @entity1 , which has a negative impact on HRQOL. The ICPNQ is a valid instrument to distinguish the highest @entity1897 CTC grades from the lower CTC grades necessary to decide on dose modifications of chemotherapy in daily clinical practice.

title: Chemotherapy-induced @entity1582 : influence on quality of life and development of a questionnaire to compose common XXXX criteria grading for use in daily clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy', 'Peripheral Neuropathy', 'CIPN']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity3176 were fed diets for 22 months containing 0.79 mg @entity165 /kcal and 40% of calories as either safflower oil or butter with or without the addition of an @entity172 - and @entity1871 -containing oral contraceptive. Plasma @entity165 concentrations ranged from 199 to 250 mg/dl. Animals consuming the safflower oil diet had plasma @entity165 concentrations that averaged 61 mg/dl lower than those consuming butter. At least 72% of this lowering was due to a reduction in low density lipoproteins. @entity412 concentrations were also slightly lower in animals consuming the safflower oil diet. The oral contraceptive lowered total plasma @entity165 concentrations in both diet groups by an average of 41 mg/dl with 54% of this lowering (22 mg/dl) due to a reduction in high density lipoprotein @entity165 . This effect occurred only during the 3 weeks while the contraceptive was being administered and was not apparent 1 week after stopping the drug. Animals consuming safflower oil had bile that was more lithogenic and had more @entity5990 than did those consuming butter. Addition of the oral contraceptive caused a slight increase in bile lithogenicity, but this increase was not statistically significant. There was no significant interaction between the oral contraceptive and either of the diets to exacerbate @entity2963 . At the plasma @entity165 concentrations achieved only minimal amounts of @entity731 developed and there were no indications of differences due to diet or oral contraceptive in the extent of @entity731 .

title: Influence of dietary fats and an oral contraceptive on plasma lipids, high density lipoproteins, @entity5990 , and @entity731 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['African green monkeys']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3176 :: (9534,Species) :: ['african green monkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is a common complication of @entity299 and @entity6980 due to the high pulmonary blood flow is considered as the key pathologic process. In the present study the effects of @entity534 on the collagen metabolism of pulmonary arteries in @entity35 with high pulmonary blood flow-induced @entity120 were investigated to elucidate its mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity35 model of @entity120 was established with an abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava shunt. @entity534 (1 g/kg per day) was given directly into the stomachs of the @entity35 with the shunt ( @entity534 +shunt group) and 11 weeks later, the pulmonary hemodynamics were studied. Collagen I and collagen III expressions were detected by immunohistochemical assay. The expressions of procollagen I mRNA, procollagen III mRNA, the @entity6930 mRNA and the @entity17533 mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization. The expressions of pulmonary artery collagen I, collagen III, procollagen I mRNA and procollagen III mRNA in the shunt @entity35 were obviously elevated compared with the control @entity35 (p<0.01). The positive signals were mainly located in the media and adventitia of median and small pulmonary arteries. The expressions of the pulmonary artery @entity6930 mRNA, metalloproteinase-1 mRNA and the ratio of @entity6930 were elevated in the shunt @entity35 (p<0.01). However, the expressions of pulmonary artery collagen I, collagen III, procollagen I mRNA and procollagen III mRNA were significantly reduced in the shunt @entity35 of the @entity534 group (p<0.01). @entity534 also downregulated the expressions of @entity6930 mRNA and metalloproteinase-1 mRNA, as well as the ratio of @entity6930 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity534 can reduce the synthesis of extracellular matrix-collagen and increase its degradation, thus having an important modulating effect on pulmonary vascular matrix remodeling induced by high pulmonary blood flow.

title: Effect of XXXX on collagen of high flow-induced @entity6980 .

entities_list: @entity6930 :: ('116510(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1/metalloproteinase-1', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular structural remodeling']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity534 :: (CHEBI:16467,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: A 53-year-old @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity189 ) ex @entity5123 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity1353 . He received chemotherapy in July 2007, and was subsequently followed up without chemotherapy. A chest CT scan revealed multiple faint ground glass attenuation bilaterally. Contrast-enhanced CT did not reveal any emboli in the large pulmonary arteries. An echocardiogram showed severe @entity120 . Tc-99m-MAA lung perfusion images showed multiple small defects in both lungs. The serum level of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was normal. He died of @entity712 23 days after admission. An autopsy was performed, and microscopic examination revealed @entity5 cell @entity887 , intimal fibrocellular proliferation of the small arteries, fibrin thrombi and recanalization. A diagnosis of @entity9818 ( @entity9818 ) was made. Immunohistochemical staining of the @entity5 cells for @entity7 was weakly positive. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of @entity9818 caused by a @entity5 .

title: [A case of @entity9818 caused by XXXX ( @entity189 ) ex @entity5123 ].

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['PTTM', 'pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'salivary gland tumor']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['salivary duct carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The motion of the atlanto-occipital, cervical vertebral and cervicothoracic joints play an important role in equestrian sports and they are also common sites for lesions limiting performance in @entity1641 . OBJECTIVES: To calculate inverse kinematics based on cervical vertebral motion and to develop a model close to the measured neck movements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurements were recorded in 6 @entity1641 without neck @entity158 . Reflective markers were placed on both cristae facialis, both sides of cervical vertebra 1, 3 and 6 on the withers and hooves. The neck model was reconstructed from CT scans of the osseus structures and was developed in SIMM (Software for Interactive Musculoskeletal Modelling). Inverse kinematics calculation was done in OpenSim. Three degrees of freedom: Flexion-extension (FE), @entity717 ( @entity717 ) and lateral bending (LB) were considered. The simulated motion was generated from the recorded motion of the skin markers. The differences in angular range of motion (ROM) of the joints were analysed using paired sample t tests. RESULTS: From the model, the smallest FE ROM was in the C5-C6 joint (2      1  ) and the largest was in the C3-C4 joint (11      5  ). The smallest @entity717 ROM was in the C5-C6 joint (2      1  ) and largest @entity717 ROM was in the atlantoaxial joint (7      2  ). The smallest LB ROM was in the C5-C6 joint (2      1  ) and the largest LB ROM was in the cervicothoracic joint (18      5  ). There were significant differences between the ROM of joints in 51 of 168 comparisons (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The result of the motion of each joint gives an insight into the biomechanics of the @entity1641 neck. The small FE ROM at C5-C6 illustrates the pathogenetical relevance of the model for the development of @entity571 . The calculated data also provides a source for inverse dynamics.

title: A preliminary modelling study on the XXXX cervical spine with inverse kinematics at walk.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To consider whether the addition of a @entity1871 or an @entity342 to @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT) will modify the effects of the @entity172 upon @entity455 risk. DESIGN: Review of selected literature. SETTING: Population studies, clinical trials, and laboratory investigations. @entity1 : Postmenopausal @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Exogenous @entity1871 or @entity342 in hormone replacement regimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lipids and lipoproteins, @entity1735 metabolism, @entity3009 and @entity2871 metabolism, fibrinolysis and coagulation, fat distribution, and arterial tone. RESULTS: The favorable lipid and lipoprotein changes induced by @entity172 are modified by @entity1871 and @entity342 addition. Some of these modifications are potentially adverse ( @entity1871 lowering of high-density lipoprotein-2 @entity165 ) but some are potentially beneficial ( @entity1871 lowering of @entity1674 ). Recent studies suggest that @entity7828 may not reverse the @entity172 -induced reduction in low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . The scant data upon the effects of @entity3800 on lipid and lipoproteins suggest that the addition of T to the @entity172 may block the rise in high-density lipoprotein @entity165 seen in @entity1 receiving @entity172 alone. Because of a lack of appropriate data, it is this author's opinion that the clinical effects of @entity1871 or T addition to ERT cannot be predicted at this time. Further studies are urgently needed to clarify how @entity1871 or T addition modify @entity172 effects upon @entity1735 , @entity3009 and @entity2871 metabolism, upon fibrinolysis and coagulation, and upon arterial tone.

title: XXXX and @entity3800 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity7828 :: (MESH:D011372,Chemical) :: ['Progestins']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background The presence of a cardiovascular implantable electronic device has long been a contraindication for the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We established a prospective registry to determine the risks associated with MRI at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 tesla for @entity1 who had a pacemaker or @entity737 ( @entity737 ) that was "non-MRI-conditional" (i.e., not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for MRI scanning). Methods @entity1 in the registry were referred for clinically indicated nonthoracic MRI at a field strength of 1.5 tesla. Devices were interrogated before and after MRI with the use of a standardized protocol and were appropriately reprogrammed before the scanning. The primary end points were @entity204 , generator or lead failure, induced @entity943 , loss of capture, or electrical reset during the scanning. The secondary end points were changes in device settings. Results MRI was performed in 1000 cases in which @entity1 had a pacemaker and in 500 cases in which @entity1 had an @entity737 . No deaths, lead failures, losses of capture, or @entity943 occurred during MRI. One @entity737 generator could not be interrogated after MRI and required immediate replacement; the device had not been appropriately programmed per protocol before the MRI. We observed six cases of self-terminating @entity955 or @entity5069 and six cases of partial electrical reset. Changes in lead impedance, pacing threshold, battery voltage, and P-wave and R-wave amplitude exceeded prespecified thresholds in a small number of cases. Repeat MRI was not associated with an increase in adverse events. Conclusions In this study, device or lead failure did not occur in any @entity1 with a non-MRI-conditional pacemaker or @entity737 who underwent clinically indicated nonthoracic MRI at 1.5 tesla, was appropriately screened, and had the device reprogrammed in accordance with the prespecified protocol. (Funded by St. Jude Medical and others; MagnaSafe ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00907361 .).

title: Assessing the Risks Associated with MRI in XXXX with a Pacemaker or Defibrillator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Small conductance @entity460 ( @entity141 ) activated SK channels are critical regulators of neuronal excitability in hippocampus. Accordingly, these channels are thought to play a key role in controlling neuronal activity in acute models of @entity302 . In this study, we investigate the expression and function of SK channels in the @entity2134 model of mesial @entity1315 . For this purpose, protein expression was assessed using western blotting assays and gene expression was analyzed using TaqMan-based probes and the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) comparative method delta-delta cycle threshold ( big up tri, open big up tri, openCT) in samples extracted from control and @entity302 @entity35 . In addition, the effect of SK channel antagonist @entity20624 and agonist @entity20625 on @entity1249 evoked population spikes was studied in hippocampal slices. Western blotting analysis showed a significant reduction in the expression of @entity20626 and @entity20627 channels at 10days following @entity159 ( @entity159 ), but levels recovered at 1month and at more than 2months after @entity159 . In contrast, a significant down-regulation of @entity20628 channels was detected after 10days of @entity159 . Analysis of gene expression by qPCR revealed a significant reduction of transcripts for @entity20627 ( @entity20626 ) and @entity20628 ( @entity20628 ) channels as early as 10days following @entity2134 -induced @entity159 and during the chronic phase of the @entity2134 model. Moreover, bath application of @entity20624 (100nM for 15min) induced a significant increase of the population spike amplitude and number of spikes in the hippocampal @entity1249 area of slices obtained control and chronic @entity302 @entity35 . This effect was obliterated by co-administration of @entity20624 with SK channel agonist @entity20625 (1microM). Application of @entity20625 failed to modify population spikes in the @entity1249 area of slices taken from control and @entity302 @entity35 . These data indicate an abnormal expression of SK channels and a possible dysfunction of these channels in experimental MTLE.

title: Altered expression and function of small-conductance (SK) @entity141 -activated K+ channels in @entity2134 -treated XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: Thirty-two @entity1 with recurrent (skin) or metastatic (skin, node, or both) @entity320 have been treated with a @entity221 - @entity900 regimen. The hyperthermic treatment was carried out for 60 minutes at 43 degrees C with the MHS-SMA and the Sapic SVO3 ALENIA devices once a week. When the @entity5 temperature reached 42 degrees C, @entity900 was administered at a dosage of 50 mg/m2 given by intravenous bolus infusion. The treatment was repeated four times and the @entity5 response evaluated 4 weeks after the last treatment. Significant @entity137 was not seen. In terms of results, there were 9 @entity1 with complete responses (28.1%), 13 with partial responses (40.6%), 8 with no change (25.0%), and two with disease progression (6.3%). The objective response rate was 68.7%. The response duration for those with complete responses ranged from 4 to 49 months (median 20 months). The median time to progression for @entity1 with partial responses and those with no change was 6 and 5 months, respectively, with ranges of 1-7 and 1-10 months, respectively. The 4-year actuarial survival rates were 47.6% and 20.3% for the complete and incomplete responders, respectively. These results can be considered satisfactory, taking into account that most @entity1 were pretreated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both, confirming the therapeutic potential of the @entity221 and @entity900 regimen.

title: Local XXXX and systemic chemotherapy for treatment of recurrent @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or local toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intrathecal chemotherapy is being explored in @entity2946 in pre-school @entity1 as part of brain-sparing strategies and as an alternative to unacceptably @entity2359 cranio-spinal radiotherapy. The range of drugs suitable for this route of administration is restricted by the lack of research evidence of pharmacological suitability and efficacy of other drugs in @entity2946 . METHODS: Ideal clinical, biological, physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties for intrathecal administration were defined through literature review of pharmaceutical texts, Medline, Embase and consulting the manufacturers. A total of 126 chemotherapy agents were assessed against these criteria by searching the academic domain of pharmaceutical texts, computer databases and consultation with manufacturers. RESULTS: Of the 126 candidate drugs, 99 were rejected because of documentation of their irritant nature, @entity2359 and requirement for hepatic activation in standard pharmaceutical texts. Fifty were rejected for a single identifiable reason including, @entity2359 (n = 24), irritant (n = 15), needs enzyme activation (n = 5), clinical evidence of intrathecal @entity2359 (n = 4) and no evidence of @entity5 -specific efficacy (n = 2). Where two reasons were cited the justifications were: @entity2359 and irritant (n = 3) and needs activation and systemic administration results in equivalent concentration (n = 1). Twenty-seven drugs remained of which 12 were selected as eligible for further clinical investigation, and 15 were selected for further pre-clinical investigation. CONCLUSIONS: The pre-determined criteria were not applicable, in their entirety, in the majority of drugs, due to lack of information in the academic domain, emphasising the importance of a more open approach for sharing basic drug information. The prioritised list of 12 candidate drugs for clinical trial and 15 for pre-clinical investigation justify that a concerted research effort in this area of practice is made.

title: XXXX in childhood: revisiting intrathecal therapy in @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['Medulloblastoma']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The burden of @entity101 and @entity6 is on the increase globally with its attendant complications. Although self-care activities are critical to the successful management of both conditions, there are only a few reports on such activities, especially in this part of the world. This pilot study was therefore undertaken to assess the self-care activities among @entity101 and @entity6 @entity1 in Benin City. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity101 and @entity6 @entity1 were consecutively recruited from the out- @entity1 department of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The questionnaires were developed based on past assessment scales such as the @entity101 Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE) and the Summary of @entity6 Self-Care Assessment (SDSCA) for @entity101 and @entity6 @entity1 respectively. RESULTS: A total of 85(32 @entity101 , 24 @entity6 and 29 co-morbid @entity101 @entity6 ) @entity1 completed the study. Only 14 (16.5%) subjects had good self-care practice, 39 (45.9%) had fair practice while poor self-care practice was found in 32 (37.6%) subjects. Adherence to medications, clinic adherence, use of self-monitoring devices, regular exercising and dietician contact were generally low. However, only a relatively few subjects smoked @entity286 or took significant @entity285 . CONCLUSION: The health-related self-care practice among the @entity1 was generally not good. There was no significant difference in the overall level of self-care among @entity101 , @entity6 @entity1 or those with co-morbid conditions. There is need for more @entity146 health education aimed at improving the current health-related self-care habits among these @entity1 .

title: @entity101 and XXXX Self-care Activities: A Hospital Based Pilot Survey in Benin City, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: @entity10306 subunits alpha and beta were expressed either separately or together in a bacterial expression system (pT7-7/BL21(DE3)) and purified to homogeneity. After mixing the subunits, a CK2 holoenzyme (alpha 2 beta 2) was spontaneously reconstituted, which displays identical features as the native enzyme. The alpha subunit alone, although catalytically active by itself, has different biochemical and biophysical properties than the holoenzyme, e.g., it is extremely salt sensitive, already 50 mM monovalent salt can lead to a 50% inhibition of the catalytic activity. Furthermore, it is readily inactivated through @entity1133 , protease, and heat treatment. In contrast, the holoenzyme, either reconstituted or native, is much more stable when similar negative insults prevail. The beta subunit has at least three functions: (a) it is necessary for maximum activity of the enzyme under physiological salt conditions, (b) it protects the alpha subunit against denaturing agents or conditions, and (c) it alters the substrate specificity of the alpha subunit. By site-directed mutagenesis, certain functions of the beta subunit could be assigned to specific @entity1522 or domains. Twenty one mutants of the beta subunit have been prepared and assayed for their ability to assemble with the catalytic alpha subunit to give a fully competent CK2 holoenzyme. The beta subunit contains an acidic stretch ( @entity535 55-64), which is obviously responsible for a negative control of enzyme activity since mutations of certain acidic @entity1522 within this stretch to @entity493 lead to a hyperactive CK2 holoenzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX structure-function relationship: effects of the beta subunit on reconstitution and activity.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity10306 :: (1457,Gene) :: ['Protein kinase CK2']


abstract: Although acute exacerbation of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) has become well recognised, the reported incidence and outcomes are highly variable, and risk factors are unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence, risk factors and impact of acute exacerbations, and other known causes of rapid deterioration. This was a retrospective review of 461 @entity1 with @entity2416 (269 cases were biopsy-proven). The median follow-up period was 22.9 months. @entity5122 requiring hospitalisation occurred in 163 (35.4%) @entity1 , with multiple episodes in 42 @entity1 . Acute exacerbation was the most frequent cause (55.2%), followed by @entity281 . The 1- and 3-yr incidences of acute exacerbation were 14.2 and 20.7%, respectively. Never having smoked and low forced vital capacity (FVC) were significant risk factors. The in-hospital mortality rate was 50.0%, and the 1- and 5-yr survival rates from the initial diagnosis were 56.2 and 18.4%, respectively. Acute exacerbation was a significant predictor of poor survival after the initial diagnosis, along with increased age, low FVC and diffusing capacity of the lung for @entity1223 , and @entity134 use with or without cytotoxic therapy. 1- and 3-yr incidences of acute exacerbation were 14.2 and 20.7%, respectively. Never having smoked and low FVC were risk factors. Acute exacerbation had a serious impact on the overall survival of the @entity1 with @entity2416 .

title: Acute exacerbation of XXXX : incidence, risk factors and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['Rapid deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: @entity286 smoking remains a neglected issue within general psychiatry despite high rates of associated morbidity and mortality. While there has been a coordinated community campaign to reduce @entity286 smoking within the general population, mental health facilities have been reluctant to adopt such regulatory controls, and rarely target smoking prevention or treatment. This paper summarizes and discusses evidence relating to the clinical impact of @entity286 smoking within inpatient @entity146 settings. A selective review of @entity146 and psychological research on smoking within inpatient settings was conducted, with a particular focus on the influence of smoking on the physical and mental health, pharmacotherapy, and social interactions of @entity1 during their inpatient stay. @entity1 frequently alter their smoking habits during inpatient treatment, which can affect both their presentation and pharmacotherapeutic management. Smoking also appears to play a central role in social interactions on the ward, with staff frequently using cigarettes to reinforce certain behaviours. Despite current guidelines, mental health professionals rarely address @entity1239 use among their @entity1 . Nevertheless, programmes that assist @entity1 to quit during an inpatient stay have been shown to be both efficacious and cost-effective. Strategies that address staff concerns and assist in the implementation of effective smoking bans on @entity146 units are also available. Cessation should be a key component of inpatient treatment planning because this setting provides a safe and timely opportunity to help @entity1 quit. A flowchart of interventions that could be incorporated within standard inpatient settings is proposed.

title: @entity286 smoking within XXXX inpatient settings: biopsychosocial perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors relate prehospital delay and in-hospital delay to the incidence of perforation of @entity698 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Quality assurance studies use perforation rate as an index of quality of care. This is based on the assumption commonly presented in retrospective reports that in-hospital delay to surgery influences the incidence of perforation. Only one limited study prospectively found that prehospital delay increased the perforation rate. METHODS: During a 6-month period, 95 consecutive adults undergoing appendectomies at Foothills Hospital in Calgary, Alberta, were questioned as to onset and type of first symptom (i.e., epigastric discomfort, @entity1278 , and @entity490 ). Time of emergency room (ER) arrival, surgery consultation, and operating room start were taken from the chart. Surgical and pathology reports were used to identify status of appendix (normal, inflamed, suppurative, gangrenous, perforated) and presence of @entity733 . The status of appendix was related to prehospital and in-hospital delay to establish significance. RESULTS: There were 13 (14%) normal, 67 (70%) inflamed, and 15 (16%) perforated appendices. @entity1 with perforated appendices waited 2.5 times longer before reporting to the ER, compared with @entity1 with inflamed appendices (57 hours vs. 22 hours, p < 0.007). Once in the hospital, @entity1 with perforated appendices were identified and treated faster than those with inflamed appendices (7 vs. 9 hours, p < 0.039). Analysis by ER physician was 3 hours whether the appendix was normal, inflamed, or perforated. Analysis by the surgeon was significantly shorter in @entity1 with perforated appendices than @entity1 with inflamed appendices (4 vs. 6 hours, p < 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study identifies that delay in presentation accounts for the majority of perforated appendices. Clinical evaluation is effective for identifying @entity1 with more @entity1442 . Indiscriminate appendectomy as an attempt to decrease perforation is not supported by these data. Hospital perforation rates likely reflect @entity1 factors, illness attitude, and access to medical care.

title: The natural history of XXXX in adults. A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa, vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess cavity']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trans rectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUS) was introduced to @entity3595 Lanka in 2002. OBJECTIVES: 1. To study clinicopathological features of males subjected to TRUS biopsy 2. To compare estimation of @entity5 burden by two methods in @entity189 prostate (CaP). METHODS: 749 symptomatic males subjected to TRUS biopsy over 64 months at a single centre. Information was retrieved from case records. @entity5 burden in CaP was calculated as: 1. Calculated @entity5 burden (CTB)--total percentage @entity5 in each core/total number of cores 2. Percentage positive biopsy cores (PPBC)--number of positive cores/total number of cores X 100. SPSS 15.0, student's t test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 35.2% had CaP, microacinar in type. 34.88% were poorly differentiated. CaP was frequent among older @entity1 (P<0.00001). The prostate volume in CaP was significantly lower than in the benign group (P<0.05). @entity1486 (PSA) level was significantly higher in CaP (P<0.00001). A 99.6% sensitivity and 4.7% specificity was observed at PSA of 4 ng/ml for detecting CaP. Specificity was 98% at 25.5 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 44.4%. CTB and PPBC had similar correlations with biochemical/histological parameters of CaP and were strongly correlated (0.786). INTERPRETATION: Males with CaP were older, had higher PSA levels and smaller prostates. A cut off level of PSA >4 ng/ml could be used for directing symptomatic @entity1 for TRUS biopsy to detect CaP, keeping in mind that specificity is 98% only at 25.5 ng/ml. Both CTB and PPBC could be used to calculate @entity5 burden in TRUS with CaP.

title: Trans rectal ultra sound guided prostate biopsies: a single centre experience in XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the determinants of neonatal @entity353 measured on the third day of life in term- @entity1 . DESIGN: The EDEN mother- @entity1 cohort is a prospective study that recruited 2002 pregnant @entity1 before 24 weeks of gestation in two French university hospitals. Neonates were weighed every day until discharge that occurred on average 4.5 days after birth. Altogether, 1557 healthy term neonates with data on weight at day 3 and feeding mode available were included. The outcome variable was @entity353 at day 3 (D3WL), expressed as a percentage of birth weight lost in the first 3 days of life. Our main explanatory variables were maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational @entity1017 , gestational @entity6 , birth weight, gestational age and feeding mode. RESULTS: Factors associated with greater D3WL, whatever the feeding mode, were: higher birth weight, gestational @entity6 and caesarean section; higher gestational age was associated with a reduced D3WL. The association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and D3WL differed by feeding mode (interaction p value=0.0002). In breastfed babies, mean D3WL ranged from 4.9% for neonates of underweight mothers to 5.8% for neonates of @entity28 mothers (p trend=0.0005). In formula-fed babies, D3WL was highest for neonates of underweight mothers (4.1%) and lowest for those of @entity28 mothers (2.6%) (p trend=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The lower D3WL in formula-fed neonates, especially in neonates of @entity28 mothers, suggests a relative overfeeding in the early days compared with breastfed neonates, which may potentially have consequences on later health. Overweight and @entity28 mothers may need extra support to prevent early breastfeeding discontinuation.

title: Determinants of neonatal XXXX in term- @entity1 : specific association with pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index and @entity1 feeding mode.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: @entity16217 (Tan IIA), a natural product from herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has potential anti- @entity5 activity. The aim of this study was to pinpoint the molecular mechanisms underlying Tan IIA-induced @entity5 cell apoptosis. @entity1 @entity157 BEL-7402 cells treated with Tan IIA underwent assessment with @entity98 assay for cell viability, 10-day culture for colony formation, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy for apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. Changes in intracellular [ @entity141 ] and mitochondrial membrane potential (     ) reflected the @entity460 -dependent apoptosis pathway. RT-PCR was used to detect gene expression of @entity1835 and @entity16218 ( @entity16218 ). @entity137 of Tan IIA was tested in @entity1 amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (HAMCs). Tan IIA exhibited dose-dependent and time-dependent anticancer effects on BEL-7402 cells through apoptosis and G(0)/G(1) arrest. Cells treated with Tan IIA increased their intracellular @entity460 , decreased their mitochondrial membrane potential and induced @entity1835 and @entity16218 mRNA expression. No adverse effects of Tan IIA were found in HAMCs. In conclusion, these results indicate that Tan IIA-induced @entity5 cell apoptosis acts via activation of @entity460 -dependent apoptosis signaling pathways and upregulation of @entity16218 expression.

title: XXXX activates @entity460 -dependent apoptosis signaling pathway in @entity1 @entity157 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity16217 :: ('MESH:C021751', 'Chemical') :: ['Tanshinone IIA']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity16217 :: (MESH:C021751,Chemical) :: ['Tanshinone IIA']


abstract: One hundred and two posterior cruciate @entity130 were reviewed (43 chronic and 59 acute repairs). The 59 acute repairs were profiled as to cause and site of injury, associated @entity16 , clinical examination, @entity1 position at surgery, and reoperation rate. Twenty-two @entity1 were followed up. Motor vehicle accidents and athletics were the usual causes of injury. In the 59 acute repairs, the posterior cruciate @entity155 site was femoral in 21, midsubstance in 13, and tibial in 25. The high incidence of associated injuries included medial collateral ligament tears, capsular damage, lateral knee component damage, and anterior cruciate @entity397 . Thirteen of 59, believed to have isolated tears, had surgery in the prone position. Twelve were subsequently reoperated. Eight of 12 reoperations were done prone initially for an "isolated" tear. Our acute knees with poor results all had the most supposed "isolated" and midsubstance tears, and the most popliteal surgery. The posterior cruciate ligament tear is due to major violence with associated @entity130 and has no single universal physical sign. Arthroscopy and examination under anesthesia are recommended to prevent the missed diagnosis (chronic case) or to clarify a suspected "isolated" tear prior to prone popliteal surgery.

title: Acute posterior cruciate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous damage']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ligament ruptures']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injuries']