abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare regimens that shorten the interval between @entity3927 and the @entity3009 @entity396 or gemeprost for medical abortion. METHODS: The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and MEDLINE were systematically searched for the words @entity3927 and abortion. Only randomized controlled trials comparing different @entity3927 regimens with either @entity396 or gemeprost were included. The outcome was a complete abortion not requiring surgical evacuation. RESULTS: Five randomized trials were identified and all were published since 1999. Four were from the United States and three had enrollments of >1000. The route of administration of the @entity3009 was used vaginally, except in one study where @entity396 was divided in two doses 2 h apart. Four studies provided information about a 1-day interval and two trials provided information about an interval of 6-8 h evaluating @entity3927 200 mg and @entity396 800 microg vaginally. There were no significant differences noted between the current 2-day interval compared with the 1-day interval. There was one study suggesting no difference with an interval of 6-8 h. CONCLUSIONS: The interval between @entity3927 and @entity396 800 microg vaginally can be decreased from 48 to 6-8 h without loss of efficacy.

title: Evidence for shortening the time interval of XXXX after @entity3927 for medical abortion.

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is a progressive @entity455 of pulmonary arteries that impedes ejection of blood by the right ventricle. As a result there is an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure causing @entity8158 ( @entity8158 ) and RV failure. The pathology of PAH involves @entity455 remodeling including @entity358 and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Current therapies are limited to reverse the vascular remodeling. Investigating a key molecule is required for development of new therapeutic intervention. @entity52366 ( @entity52366 ) is a ubiquitous G-actin sequestering protein with diverse biological function and promotes wound healing and modulates inflammatory responses. However, it remains unknown whether @entity52366 has any protective role in @entity120 . The purpose of this study is to evaluate the whether @entity52366 can be used as a vascular-protective agent. In @entity6560 (MCT)-induced @entity120 @entity19 model, we showed that @entity19 treated with @entity52366 significantly attenuated the systolic pressure and @entity8158 , compared to the MCT treated @entity19 . Our data revealed for the first time that @entity52366 selectively targets Notch3-Col 3A- @entity1612 gene axis in preventing MCT-induced @entity120 and @entity8158 . Our study may provide pre-clinical evidence for @entity52366 and may consider as vasculo-protective agent for the treatment of @entity120 induced @entity8158 .

title: Thymosin Beta 4 protects @entity19 from XXXX -induced @entity120 and @entity8158 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular cell', 'vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy', 'RVH']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction']

answer: @entity6560 :: (MESH:D016686,Chemical) :: ['monocrotaline']


abstract: @entity754 -mediated uptake and cytotoxic effects of @entity61206 ( @entity15796 ) were studied in @entity706 cells. @entity15796 was either incorporated into LDL or liposomes to compare specific and unspecific uptake mechanisms. Binding of LDL to Daudi cells was not altered after @entity15796 incorporation (K(D) 60 nM). Binding of liposomal @entity15796 was not saturable with increasing concentrations. Specific binding of @entity15796 -LDL to Daudi cells was five times higher than to @entity1 lymphocytes. @entity754 binding could be blocked and up- or down-regulated. Co-incubation with @entity3812 reduced @entity15796 -LDL uptake by 36%. These results suggested that @entity15796 -LDL is taken up via the @entity754 pathway. In an in vitro @entity137 test, the IC50 of @entity15796 -LDL was about 160 microM, whereas with liposomal @entity15796 the IC50 was 40 microM. Blocking the LDL receptors with empty LDL protected 50% of the cells from @entity15796 @entity137 . The cellular distribution of @entity15796 -LDL or @entity15796 -liposomes differed only in the membrane and nuclei fraction with 13% and 6% respectively. Although it is more convenient to prepare @entity15796 -liposomes as compared to the loading of LDL particles with the drug, the receptor-mediated uptake of @entity15796 -LDL provides an interesting rationale for the specific delivery of the drug to @entity5 that express elevated numbers of LDL receptors.

title: Low density lipoprotein and liposome mediated uptake and cytotoxic effect of @entity61206 in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['LDL receptor', 'Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor']

entities_list: @entity61206 :: ('MESH:C098086', 'Chemical') :: ['N4-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Daudi lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Daudi lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of @entity11950 on acute @entity788 in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty Balb/c @entity19 were randomly divided into four groups as control group, model group, low dose group and high dose group (n=15). Acute @entity788 was induced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity8629 (100   g/kg) hourly for 6 times. @entity19 in low dose group and high dose group received intraperitoneal administration of 15 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg @entity11950 respectively 4 hours before Caerulein injection. @entity19 in four groups were sacrificed in three equal lots at 8, 16 and 24 hours after model construction. @entity8919 ( @entity8919 ) expression and serum levels of amylase, @entity637 and @entity777 were determined. The pancreatic tissues were taken for histopathologic analysis. RESULTS: Amylase, @entity637 , @entity777 and @entity8919 levels were significantly higher and @entity8 was severer in model group than in control group. However, Amylase, @entity637 , @entity777 and @entity8919 levels in low dose group and high dose group decreased significantly compared with model group. The @entity8 was also improved after administration of @entity11950 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity11950 could decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and downregulate the expression of @entity8919 which finally improved the @entity8 in @entity19 with acute @entity788 .

title: The effects of @entity11950 on acute XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas lesion']

entities_list: @entity11950 :: ('MESH:D019695', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycyrrhizin', 'glycyrrhizin']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['Caerulein']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: The combination of measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood velocity in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) by transcranial doppler sonography was used to investigate cerebrovascular involvement in @entity2704 . Ten @entity2704 @entity1 with @entity10 were studied during an attack and when they had been free of attacks for 5 days (non-attack). On both occasions they were given as intravenous infusion of @entity9251 (2 mg), a 5-HT1-like receptor agonist, which relieved the symptoms within 30 min without affecting rCBF. The MCA velocity was normal on both sides on the non-attack day and on the unaffected side during the attack. However, during the attack the MCA velocity on the @entity10 side was significantly lower than that on the non- @entity10 side (45 vs 61 cm/s:mean difference 16.3 [95% confidence interval 10.3-22.3]; p = 0.02). The MCA velocity on the @entity10 side returned to normal after treatment with @entity9251 and recovery. Since rCBF in the MCA supply territory was unaffected, the lower velocity can be explained only by dilatation of the MCA. The mean MCA diameter increase was estimated to be 20%. Thus, @entity10 was associated with intracranial large arterial dilatation on the @entity10 side. @entity9251 predominantly had effects on the distended artery, which suggests that the @entity750 receptor system has a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2704 .

title: Migraine pain associated with middle cerebral artery dilatation: reversal by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['Sumatriptan', 'sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral headache', 'headache']

answer: @entity9251 :: (MESH:D018170,Chemical) :: ['sumatriptan']


abstract: The long-term rodent bioassay is the standard method to predict the carcinogenic hazard of chemicals for @entity1 . However, this assay is costly, and the results take at least two years to produce. In the present study, we conducted gene expression profiling of cultured cells exposed to carcinogenic chemicals with the aim of providing a basis for rapid and reliable prediction of carcinogenicity using microarray technology. We selected 39 chemicals, including 17 @entity35 hepatocarcinogens and eight compounds demonstrating carcinogenicity in organs other than the liver. The remaining 14 were @entity3257 . When @entity35 @entity157 cells (MH1C1) were treated with the chemicals for 3 days at a non-toxic dose, analysis of gene expression changes with our in-house microarray allowed a set of genes to be identified differentiating hepatocarcinogens from @entity3257 , by statistical methods. Moreover, optimization of the two gene sets for classification with an SVM and LOO-CV resulted in selection of 39 genes. The highest predictivity was achieved with 207 genes for differentiation between @entity3257 . The overlap between the two selected gene sets encompassed 26 genes. This gene set contained significant genes for prediction of carcinogenicity, with a concordance of 84.6% by LOO-CV SVM. Using nine external samples, correct prediction of carcinogenicity by SVM was 88.9%. These results indicate that short-term bioassay systems for carcinogenicity using gene expression profiling in @entity157 cells have great promise.

title: Prediction of carcinogenic potential by a toxicogenomic approach using @entity35 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-carcinogens, and all carcinogens from non-carcinogens', 'non-carcinogens', 'non-hepatocarcinogens and non-carcinogens']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: To determine the effects of locally-expressed insulin-like growth factor ( @entity7424 ) on bone remodeling, a transgene was produced in which @entity19 @entity7424 cDNA was cloned downstream of a gene fragment comprising 3.6 kb of 5' upstream regulatory sequence and most of the first intron of the @entity35 @entity25256 gene. The construct was expressed at the mRNA and protein level in transfected osteoblasts. Five lines of @entity19 were generated by embryo microinjection. Transgene mRNA levels were highest in @entity79 in skin. Serum @entity7424 and body weight were increased in males and females only in the highest expressing line. Histomorphometry showed that transgenic calvaria were wider and had greater marrow area and bone area. Transgenic calvaria had increased osteoclast number per bone surface. Percent collagen synthesis and cell replication were @entity101 . Femur length, cortical width and cross-sectional area were increased in transgenic femurs of the highest expressing line, while femoral trabecular bone volume was little affected. Thus, broad overexpression of @entity7424 in cells of the osteoblast lineage increased indices of bone formation and resorption.

title: XXXX with osteoblast-targeted insulin-like growth factor-I show @entity79 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased in transgenic calvaria']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['calvaria, long bone and tendon, and lower']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Transgenic mice']


abstract: Dietary protein restriction reduces @entity644 and slows the progression of @entity177 in a variety of @entity8 in native kidneys. Such beneficial effects may be mediated by the multiple renal effects of dietary protein including those on glomerular capillary hemodynamics and the @entity916 -angiotensin system. The role of dietary protein restriction in the management of chronic @entity8 is, however, unclear. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the effects of dietary protein restriction in @entity1 with chronic rejection. Fourteen @entity1 with biopsy proven chronic rejection, who had been on a self-selected home diet of 1.0 +/- 0.1 g protein/kg/day, were randomly assigned, using a crossover design to two 11-day periods, one on a low protein diet (0.55 g/kg/day) and the other on a high protein diet (2 g/kg/day). The effect of these diets on renal hemodynamics, @entity644 , plasma @entity916 activity, and nutritional status was examined. The low protein diet was associated with a significant improvement in glomerular permselectivity in all @entity1 as evidenced by a significant fall in the fractional clearance of albumin and IgG and reduction in 24-hour urinary excretion of total protein, albumin and IgG without any change in blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, or renal plasma flow. Compared to the @entity644 at the beginning of each diet, a high protein diet did not increase but a low protein diet significantly decreased the @entity644 . The low protein diet was also associated with a significant reduction in plasma @entity916 activity, suggesting that part of the beneficial effect of protein restriction was related to the suppression of the @entity916 -angiotensin system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of dietary protein in XXXX with chronic @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplant rejection', 'renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pain management continues to be suboptimal in @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Several studies have documented failures in the processes of care, such as whether opioid analgesics were given. The objectives of this study were to measure the outcomes following administration of intravenous (IV) opioids and to identify clinical factors that may predict poor analgesic outcomes in these @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, @entity341 @entity1 were enrolled if they were prescribed IV @entity1286 or @entity10748 (the most commonly used IV opioids in the study hospital) as their initial analgesic. @entity1 were surveyed at the time of opioid administration and 1 to 2 hours after the initial opioid dosage. They scored their @entity158 using a verbal 0-10 @entity158 scale. The following binary analgesic variables were primarily used to identify @entity1 with poor analgesic outcomes: 1) a @entity158 score reduction of less than 50%, 2) a postanalgesic @entity158 score of 7 or greater (using the 0-10 numeric rating scale), and 3) the development of opioid-related side effects. Logistic regression analyses were used to study the effects of demographic, clinical, and treatment covariates on the outcome variables. RESULTS: A total of 2,414 were approached for enrollment, of whom 1,312 were ineligible (658 were identified more than 2 hours after IV opioid was administered and 341 received another analgesic before or with the IV opioid) and 369 declined to consent. A total of 691 @entity1 with a median baseline @entity158 score of 9 were included in the final analyses. Following treatment, 57% of the cohort failed to achieve a 50% @entity158 score reduction, 36% had a @entity158 score of 7 or greater, 48% wanted additional analgesics, and 23% developed opioid-related side effects. In the logistic regression analyses, the factors associated with poor @entity1337 (both <50% @entity158 score reduction and postanalgesic @entity158 score of >or=7) were the use of long-acting opioids at home, administration of additional analgesics, provider concern for drug-seeking behavior, and older age. An initial @entity158 score of 10 was also strongly associated with a postanalgesic @entity158 score of >or=7. African American @entity1 who were not taking opioids at home were less likely to achieve a 50% @entity158 score reduction than other @entity1 , despite receiving similar initial and total equianalgesic dosages. None of the variables we assessed were significantly associated with the development of opioid-related side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Poor analgesic outcomes were common in this cohort of @entity2613 @entity1 prescribed IV opioids. @entity1 taking long-acting opioids, those thought to be drug-seeking, older @entity1 , those with an initial @entity158 score of 10, and possibly African American @entity1 are at especially high risk of poor @entity1337 following IV opioid administration.

title: Outcomes after intravenous opioids in XXXX @entity1 : a prospective cohort analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency', 'emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency']


abstract: Screening for @entity2791 is indicated in @entity1 with suspected @entity2792 or @entity8 to identify those who could benefit from renal artery interventions. The critical requirements for a clinically useful screening test include safety, low cost, and a high sensitivity or low false-negative rate. Arteriography remains the "gold standard" for the anatomic diagnosis of @entity8 , but it is unsuitable for screening because of its high cost and invasive nature. Although renal duplex scanning technically is difficult, experienced laboratories have been able to achieve sensitivities and specificities in the range of 93% to 98% for identification of stenoses in the main renal arteries. Renal duplex scanning also provides a method for assessing the renal parenchyma and predicting the clinical outcome of renal revascularization. The principal limitation of renal duplex scanning is failure to identify accessory renal arteries. The finding of one or more widely patent main renal arteries makes @entity8 unlikely, because this condition results from "total" @entity8 . However, @entity2792 can be present with normal main renal arteries when there are isolated stenoses involving accessory renal arteries, so further testing may be indicated in selected @entity101 @entity1 with normal main renal arteries by duplex scanning. Currently, duplex scanning in a qualified vascular laboratory arguably is the best screening test for @entity2791 . Other methods for assessing the renal arteries, particularly spiral computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography, are evolving rapidly and also may play a role in screening of selected @entity1 .

title: Is duplex scanning the best screening test for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'ischemic nephropathy', 'renal artery disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['renal artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12628 is characterized by anorectal discomfort/ @entity158 , treatment of which is unsatisfactory. We hypothesized that Botulinum toxin relieves @entity2473 and improves symptoms. AIM: To perform a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study to examine the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin in @entity1 with @entity12628 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity12628 (>or=1 year) received anal intra sphincteric injections of 100 units of botulinum toxin A and placebo at 90-day intervals using EMG guidance. Daily frequency, severity, duration and intensity of @entity158 (VAS) were recorded. Anorectal manometry, balloon expulsion and pudendal nerve latency tests were performed to examine the physiological changes and adverse effects. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 (male/female = 4/3) completed the study and three had incomplete data, but all 10 underwent in an ITT analysis; two others dropped out. After administration of botulinum toxin, the mean frequency, intensity and duration of @entity158 were unchanged (P = 0.31) compared with baseline. The 90-day mean VAS @entity158 score was 6.79 +/- 0.27 vs. baseline score of 7.08 +/- 0.29 (P = 0.25). Anal sphincter pressures, rectal sensory thresholds, pudendal nerve latency and balloon expulsion times were unchanged after drug or placebo administration. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of botulinum toxin into anal sphincter is safe, but it does not improve @entity158 in @entity12628 .

title: Clinical trial: effects of botulinum toxin on XXXX --a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12628 :: ('MESH:C535890', 'Disease') :: ['levator ani syndrome', 'Levator ani syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'anorectal pain']

answer: @entity12628 :: (MESH:C535890,Disease) :: ['Levator ani syndrome']


abstract: CASE DESCRIPTION: A 5-year-old sexually intact male @entity11584 was examined because of progressive @entity1353 of 1 week's duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS: On auscultation of the lungs and air sacs, crackles were detected; the abdomen was distended and fluctuant on palpation. Eleven milliliters of clear yellow fluid was collected via abdominocentesis. Radiography (with and without contrast medium) and ultrasonography revealed a soft tissue mass in the caudoventral portion of the coelom. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Exploratory surgery of the coelomic cavity was performed and the @entity5 was excised. Histologic examination of the @entity5 was consistent with a high-grade pancreatic exocrine @entity420 . Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, was administered for @entity158 management and for potential antineoplastic activity. For 4.5 months after surgery, the bird had no recurrence of clinical signs; however, @entity1353 recurred and during evaluation, the bird died. Necropsy findings indicated that the @entity788 had @entity3 to surrounding tissues and vessels, which was not unexpected given the high grade assigned to the @entity5 during histologic analysis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity788 are associated with a poor prognosis, regardless of treatment modality. Celecoxib can be administered as palliative treatment to affected birds, but as with any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, @entity57740 inhibitors should be used cautiously because they can adversely affect renal function by decreasing renal @entity3009 synthesis.

title: Resection and use of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor for treatment of @entity788 in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic neoplasms', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasized']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity11584 :: (13180,Species) :: ['cockatiel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role that treatment response plays in a randomized clinical trial of an anti-depressant among @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) diagnosed with @entity308 ( @entity308 ) in explaining quality of life (QOL), assessed both globally as life satisfaction and in terms of physical and mental health-related QOL. DESIGN: Multivariable analyses were conducted, controlling for demographic, neurological and participatory factors as well as perceived functional limitations. SETTING: A 12-week randomized clinical trial of venlafaxine XR conducted at 6 centers around the U.S. @entity1 : 124 of the 133 @entity1 who were randomized into the "Project to Improve Symptoms and Mood after @entity1566 " randomized clinical trial. All were between the ages of 18 and 64, at least one month post @entity1566 , met the DSM IV criteria for @entity308 and completed the core measures used in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Satisfaction with Life Scale and the SF-12's Physical and Mental Component Summary scores. RESULTS: Reduction in @entity308 over the course of a 12 week trial was predictive of increased QOL, measured as life satisfaction and mental well-being, within the context of other explanatory factors. Reduction in symptoms did not explain differences in physical well-being among those with @entity308 , however. Perceived functional disability, explained all three indices of QOL. CONCLUSIONS: Greater recognition has been given to QOL outcomes as endpoints of clinical trials as these often reflect @entity1 ' reported outcomes. Our findings support the association of QOL to reduction of @entity308 symptoms among trial @entity1 . This association differs depending upon how QOL is defined and measured, with stronger relationships observed with life satisfaction and mental well-being among those diagnosed with @entity308 . The lack of association between @entity308 with physical well-being may be explained by @entity1 ' subjective interpretation of physical well-being following @entity1566 , their expectations and perceptions of improved physical health related QOL based on the use of assistive technology. Consistent with our findings, @entity158 is likely to play a role in decreasing physical QOL among those with @entity130 . The authors suggest caution in using physical well-being as an endpoint in trials among @entity1 with @entity1566 .

title: Differences in Quality of Life Outcomes among Depressed @entity1566 Trial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depression disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Participants']


abstract: Objective: To examine the extent to which @entity1 recall the contents of therapy from 1 session to the next and to determine whether recall is associated with treatment outcome. Method: Thirty interepisode individuals with @entity162 and comorbid insomnia (ages 21-62 years, 56.7% @entity1 , 56.7% Caucasian) participated in a randomized controlled trial of psychotherapies. @entity1 received either @entity73 (CBTI-BP; n = 17) or psychoeducation (PE; n = 13). At the beginning of each weekly session, @entity1 freely recalled as many therapy points (i.e., distinct ideas, principles, and experiences) as they could from their previous session. After each session, therapists recorded a list of all therapy points delivered. Treatment outcome was measured via the @entity22 Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, @entity1 -Reported Outcome Measurement Info System-Sleep, and Quality of Life-Sleep (QOL-Sleep), administered pre- and posttreatment, and treatment evaluation questions administered posttreatment. Results: @entity1 recalled 19.6% to 36.9% of therapy points listed by therapists. Raw numbers of therapy points recalled were positively correlated with reductions in ISI scores and gains in QOL-Sleep and with most treatment evaluation questions. Percentages of therapy points recalled were positively correlated with gains in QOL-Sleep but with no other sleep outcome measures or any of the treatment evaluation questions. @entity1 in CBTI-BP recalled more therapy points than did those in PE but did not differ in the percentages of points recalled. Conclusions: Memory for therapy is poor. The amount of content recalled is positively associated with treatment outcome. Enhancing memory for therapy might play a key role in improving treatment outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

title: Memory for Therapy in @entity162 and Comorbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['Insomnia']


abstract: In non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 , @entity6 incidence is reduced by a gluten-free diet. Gluten peptides, such as the compound gliadin, can cross the intestinal barrier and may directly affect pancreatic beta cells. We investigated the effects of enzymatically-digested gliadin in NOD @entity19 , INS-1E cells and @entity35 islets. Six injections of gliadin digest in 6-week-old NOD @entity19 did not affect @entity6 development, but increased @entity1017 (20% increase by day 100). In INS-1E cells, incubation with gliadin digest induced a dose-dependent increase in insulin secretion, up to 2.5-fold after 24 hours. A similar effect was observed in isolated @entity35 islets (1.6-fold increase). In INS-1E cells, @entity6335 reduced the stimulatory effect of gliadin digest. Additionally, gliadin digest was shown to decrease current through KATP-channels. A specific gliadin 33-mer had a similar effect, both on current and insulin secretion. Finally, INS-1E incubation with gliadin digest potentiated @entity2365 -induced insulin secretion by 13% compared to controls. Our data suggest that gliadin fragments may contribute to the beta-cell hyperactivity observed prior to the development of type 1 @entity6 .

title: Gliadin fragments and a specific gliadin 33-mer peptide close KATP channels and induce insulin secretion in INS-1E cells and XXXX islets of langerhans.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity308 is a leading cause of disability worldwide, but treatment rates in primary care are low. OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective of 2 quality improvement (QI) interventions to improve treatment of @entity308 in primary care and their effects on @entity1 employment. DESIGN: Group-level randomized controlled trial conducted June 1996 to July 1999. SETTING: Forty-six primary care clinics in 6 community-based managed care organizations. @entity1 : One hundred eighty-one primary care clinicians and 1356 @entity1 with positive screening results for current @entity308 . INTERVENTIONS: Matched practices were randomly assigned to provide usual care (n = 443 @entity1 ) or to 1 of 2 QI interventions offering training to practice leaders and nurses, enhanced educational and assessment resources, and either nurses for medication follow-up (QI-meds; n = 424 @entity1 ) or trained local psychotherapists (QI-therapy; n = 489). Practices could flexibly implement the interventions, which did not assign type of treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total health care costs, costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), days with @entity308 burden, and employment over 24 months, compared between usual care and the 2 interventions. RESULTS: Relative to usual care, average health care costs increased  419 (11%) in QI-meds (P =.35) and  485 (13%) in QI-therapy (P =.28); estimated costs per QALY gained were between  15 331 and  36 467 for QI-meds and  9478 and  21 478 for QI-therapy; and @entity1 had 25 (P =.19) and 47 (P =.01) fewer days with @entity308 burden and were employed 17.9 (P =.07) and 20.9 (P =.03) more days during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Societal cost-effectiveness of practice-initiated QI efforts for @entity308 is comparable with that of accepted medical interventions. The intervention effects on employment may be of particular interest to employers and other stakeholders.

title: Cost-effectiveness of practice-initiated quality improvement for XXXX : results of a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dominant-negative transforming growth factor beta type II receptor (TbetaRIIDeltacyt) is a protein that blocks transforming growth factor ( @entity1810 ) signaling. Because the consequences of blocking @entity1810 have not been completely elucidated in @entity1575 , we analysed the effects of adenoviral delivery of TbetaRIIDeltacyt on profibrogenic genes and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) proteins, as well as on @entity1810 signal repressor @entity62025 ( @entity62025 ), in cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and in a @entity35 model of @entity1575 . METHODS: To induce @entity1575 , @entity35 were treated with @entity7008 for 7 weeks and administrated once with Ad-TbetaRIIDeltacyt or Ad-betagal through the iliac vein. @entity82 was measured by morphometric analysis. We evaluated @entity62025 by western blot, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry; MMP activity was determined by zymography and profibrogenic gene expression by the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in cultured HSCs and liver tissue. RESULTS: Profibrogenic gene expression of collagen alpha1 (I), @entity1810 , @entity2630 , tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and @entity11017 was down-regulated; whereas @entity16309 was over-expressed in response to Ad-TbetaRIIDeltacyt in HSCs. Moreover, zymography assays corroborated @entity11017 and @entity16309 changes in activity. Surprisingly, anti- @entity1810 molecular intervention increased nuclear @entity62025 in HSCs. In vivo, Ad-TbetaRIIDeltacyt reduced @entity1575 , increased nuclear @entity62025 in sinusoidal cells, and also produced significant suppression in collagen alpha1 (I), @entity1810 , @entity2630 , @entity11017 and over-expression in @entity16309 in @entity7008 -intoxicated animals. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in the present study suggest that the molecular mechanism for the blocking effects of Ad-TbetaRIIDeltacyt in @entity1810 signaling acts via up-regulation of the transcriptional repressor @entity62025 , which antagonizes @entity1810 signaling ( @entity1810 /Smad-pathway inhibitor). Consequently, profibrogenic genes are down-regulated.

title: Adenoviral delivery of dominant-negative transforming growth factor beta type II receptor up-regulates transcriptional repressor XXXX , decreases @entity11017 in hepatic stellate cell and prevents @entity1575 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2630 :: ('24617(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'TGF-beta1, platelet-derived growth factor-B', 'TGF-beta']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity62025 :: (114208(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['SKI-like oncogene']


abstract: Four @entity1 with hemiaplasia of the thyroid gland presented with @entity2743 . Each @entity1 was noted to have @entity5651 without palpable thyroid tissue on the contralateral side. Investigation of these @entity1 included measurements of serum @entity2016 , T3, thyroglobulin, thyroid microsomal antibody, long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), and long acting thyroid stimulator protector (LATS-P). In addition, an 131I thyroid scan was performed on each @entity1 and was repeated after TSH administration (TSH stimulation test). Three @entity1 underwent surgery; information from the remaining @entity1 was obtained from postmortem examination. In three @entity1 , LATS and LATS-P were undetected, and these subjects were found to have @entity652 . LATS-P, without LATS, was detected in the remaining @entity1 , and she was found to have @entity1373 . From our cases as well as a search of the world literature, three points arise. 1) Hemiaplasia is found only when attention is drawn to the thyroid gland through some other abnormality, e.g. @entity2743 or @entity5651 . The true incidence of hemiaplasia, therefore, is unknown. 2) A TSH stimulation test is essential to differentiate hemiaplasia from a hot nodule with contralateral thyroid suppression. 3) The measurement of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins may be helpful in distinguishing @entity137 from @entity2743 without @entity5768 .

title: Hemiaplasia of the thyroid with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['exophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'unilateral goiter']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze adjuvant therapy among @entity1 with @entity201 ( @entity201 ) at a national level. METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Cancer Data Base was used to identify @entity1 with resected @entity201 (pathologic stages 1-3) between 1998 and 2006 (n = 8741). Three groups were compared: surgery only (S, n = 5766), surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy (AC, n = 450), and surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy ( @entity12169 , n = 1918). The study investigated how @entity1 demographics, provider characteristics, and @entity5 -specific variables were associated with receipt of adjuvant therapy and overall survival. RESULTS: @entity1 who received adjuvant treatment were more likely to be younger (median age S, 70 years; AC, 65 years; @entity12169 , 63 years), in the highest income quartile (> 46,000: S, 38.3 %; AC, 43.4 %; @entity12169 , 44.7 %), and treated at a community @entity5 center (S, 43.0 %; AC, 50.7 %; @entity12169 , 52.9 %) (all p < 0.001). These @entity1 also were more likely to have positive lymph nodes (S, 34.7 %; AC, 69.6 %; @entity12169 , 63.3 %), positive surgical margins (S, 5.9 %; AC, 7.1 %; @entity12169 , 10.7 %), and stage 3 disease (S, 21.4 %; AC, 37.8 %; @entity12169 , 37.9 %) (all p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of the entire cohort showed improved survival with @entity12169 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.82; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.75-0.91). The survival benefit was independent of margin status (R0: HR 0.88; 95 % CI 0.79-0.97; R1: HR 0.49; 95 % CI 0.38-0.62). CONCLUSIONS: This national analysis suggests that @entity12169 are associated with improved survival for high-risk @entity201 @entity1 , such as those with positive lymph nodes. Until randomized clinical trials are conducted, these may be the best available data to guide adjuvant therapy for resected @entity201 .

title: Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy is Associated with Improved Survival for XXXX with @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma', 'EHC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We aimed to report our experience with the Anaconda    stent graft (Vascutek, Terumo, Inchinnan, Scotland, UK) for the endovascular treatment of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). METHODS: The vascular unit database was interrogated to identify all @entity11557 @entity1 who underwent endovascular repair with the Anaconda    device between March 2007 and June 2014. The peri-operative, short-term, and mid-term outcome was recorded focusing on complications and re-interventions. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity1 had been treated during the study period. Seven of these were symptomatic, one presented with an @entity439 , and five presented with a @entity397 . The primary and the assisted primary technical success were 86.7 and 97.1  %, respectively. There was no 30-day mortality in the elective or symptomatic group, but two of the @entity397 @entity1 died. During a mean follow-up of 29  months (range 1-87), 14 @entity1 died, none from aneurysm-related causes. A total of 11 endoleaks (17.5  %) were detected in 10 @entity1 during follow-up (1 type Ia, 4 type Ib, 6 type II), 4 of which required re-intervention (all for type Ib endoleak). Two iliac limbs occluded during the follow-up. The estimated overall survival, endoleak-free survival and re-intervention-free survival probability were 88.2, 78.4, and 83.4  % at 1  year; 85.9, 73.8, and 78.9  % at 2  years; and 80.6, 71.3, and 70.5  % at 3  years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on this series, the Anaconda    stent graft appears to be safe and effective for the endovascular treatment of @entity1028 . Both the short-term and the mid-term results are satisfactory.

title: Endovascular Repair of XXXX with the Anaconda    Stent Graft: Mid-term Results from a Single Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12188 ( @entity12188 ) is an aggressive pediatric mixed @entity9713 ( @entity9713 ). @entity12188 is linked to a hyperactivated RAS pathway, with driver mutations in the @entity11518 , @entity17226 , @entity29761 , @entity56219 , or @entity56193 genes. Previous @entity19 models demonstrated how those genes contributed to the selective hypersensitivity of @entity12188 cells to @entity2304 , a unifying characteristic in the disease. However, it is unclear what causes the @entity204 in @entity12188 @entity1 , as transformation to @entity3052 is rare. Here, we demonstrate that loss of @entity2370 protein at postnatal day 8 in @entity19 harboring @entity29761 haploinsufficiency results in an aggressive MPN with @entity204 at a @entity19 pre-pubertal age of 20-35 days (equivalent to an early juvenile age in @entity12188 @entity1 ). The @entity204 in the @entity19 was due to organ infiltration with monocytes/macrophages. There were elevated activities of @entity1994 and MAPK in cells at physiological concentrations of @entity2304 . These were more pronounced in @entity19 with @entity29761 haploinsufficiency than littermates with wild-type @entity29761 , but this model is insufficient to cause cells to be @entity2304 hypersensitive. This new model represents a @entity19 MPN model with features of a pediatric unclassifiable mixed @entity9713 , and mimics many clinical manifestations of @entity12188 , in terms of age of onset, @entity146 , and organ infiltration with monocytes/macrophages. Our data suggest that the timing of the loss of @entity2370 protein plays a critical role in determining the disease severity in @entity5 . This model may be useful for studying the pathogenesis of pediatric diseases with alterations in the Ras pathway.

title: Timing of the loss of XXXX protein determines disease severity in a @entity19 model of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['JMML leukemogenesis', 'Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia', 'JMML']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9713 :: ('MESH:D054437', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm', 'MDS/MPN']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'early death']

answer: @entity2370 :: (19211(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PTEN']


abstract: AIMS: In this paper we review the main studies conducted on therapy applied to the bony and soft parts in @entity912 of the upper extremity. DEVELOPMENT: Spasticity presents muscular @entity4372 and hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex, which are typical of @entity1729 . Physiopathologically, @entity508 is due to the medullar and supramedullar alteration of the afferent and efferent pathways. Treatment is multidisciplinary and involves the collaboration of rehabilitators, neurophysiologists, neurologists, paediatricians, orthopaedic surgeons and psychologists, who all contribute with their different therapeutic aspects and characteristics (which can be pharmacological, peripheral neurological blockages, surgical, etc.). The characteristic posture of the upper extremities in @entity306 is the inward rotation of the shoulder, flexion of the elbow and pronated forearm, and the deformity of the fingers (swan-neck and thumbs-in-palm). The primary objectives in these @entity1 will be to improve communication with their surroundings, perform activities of daily living, increase mobility and walking. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment applied by orthopaedic surgeons in the upper extremities are aimed at achieving an enhanced adaptive functionality rather than morphological normality. Factors to be taken into account include age, voluntary control over muscles and joints, level of severity of the @entity508 (Ashworth scale) and stereognostic sensitivity. In general, on soft parts we will use procedures such as dehiscence or lengthening of the flexor muscles of the shoulder and elbow or of the adductor of the thumb; transfer of the pronators in order to adopt the supinating function or of the flexors so as to reinforce the extensors of the forearm, and capsulodesis or tenodesis in the hand. The bony procedures will consist in derotational osteotomies of the humerus and radius and arthrodesis in the wrist or in the metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb, depending on whether there is greater @entity2003 or age in the former cases or instability in the latter.

title: [Palliative surgical treatment of XXXX in the upper extremity].

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper motoneuron syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paralysis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['spastic paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After ankle and hindfoot @entity174 , @entity4 has a major impact on the time for surgical intervention and may increase the risk of wound complications and @entity281 postoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of multilayer compression and intermittent impulse compression therapy in reducing ankle and hindfoot @entity4 compared with the standard treatment with elevation and ice. METHODS: This was a randomized, controlled, single-blinded clinical trial using a repeated-measures design. Fifty-eight @entity1 with unilateral @entity174 of the ankle or hindfoot were randomized into the cold pack (control) group, the bandage group, or the impulse compression group and were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. The primary outcome was the reduction of @entity4 as measured with the figure-of-eight-20 method. RESULTS: Preoperatively and postoperatively, there were significant differences in @entity4 between the bandage group and the control group. After two days of intervention, the median preoperative @entity4 in the control group was -2.0 mm (-5%) compared with -11.0 mm (-23%) in the bandage group (p < 0.017), and -0.3 mm (0%) in the impulse compression group (p > 0.017). Postoperatively, after two days, the median @entity4 changes were +3.5 mm (+7%) in the control group compared with -7.3 mm (-22%) in the bandage group (p < 0.017) and +5.0 mm (+46%) in the impulse compression group (p > 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Multilayer compression therapy results in a faster reduction of ankle and hindfoot @entity4 , although with less ankle dorsiflexion on postoperative day three than the control group, and can be recommended as an alternative treatment. Intermittent impulse compression applied without any extra compression by stockinette or bandage and without elevation in off-session periods cannot be recommended as a superior alternative to the treatment with ice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Effective Treatment of Posttraumatic and Postoperative Edema in XXXX with Ankle and Hindfoot Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Multilayer Compression Therapy and Intermittent Impulse Compression with the Standard Treatment with Ice.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema reduction', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: CASE DESCRIPTION: A 2-year-old Siberian Husky was evaluated because of a 2-week history of coughing and gagging and decreased appetite and activity level. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Radiography, surgery, and immunohistochemical examination revealed a solitary sclerosing mesothelioma extending from the left thoracic diaphragmatic surface that was adherent to the pericardium and the caudal mediastinum. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The @entity5 was resected along with most of the left hemidiaphragm, and the left transversus abdominis muscle was used to reconstruct the diaphragm. The 13th rib formed the base of the muscle flap. The muscle flap was transposed into the defect so that the mesothelium-lined surface faced the thoracic cavity and the deep aspect of the muscle formed the abdominal surface of the diaphragm. To minimize risk of adhesions, the exposed raw aspect of the abdominal surface was covered with porcine small intestinal submucosa. Recovery was uncomplicated, and the @entity235 's appetite and activity level soon returned to normal. Evaluation 54 days after surgery revealed 2 subcutaneous masses on the thorax and masses in the liver and both kidneys; histologic and immunohistochemical analyses revealed @entity3 of the original @entity5 . The @entity235 was euthanatized. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hemidiaphragmatic reconstruction with a transversus abdominis muscle flap after resection of a diaphragmatic @entity5 was successful. The muscle flap was easily harvested and transposed into the diaphragmatic defect.

title: Hemidiaphragmatic reconstruction with a transversus abdominis muscle flap after resection of a solitary diaphragmatic mesothelioma in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Mixtures of two polymers with totally different chemical structures, @entity2975 and @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ) have been successfully used for double-stranded DNA separation. By polymerization of @entity3323 in a matrix of @entity12468 solution, the incompatibility of these two polymers was suppressed. Laser light scattering (LLS) studies showed that highly entangled interpenetrating networks were formed in the solution. Further systematic investigation showed that double-stranded DNA separation was very good in these interpenetrating networks. With a concentration combination of as low as 2% w/v @entity12468 (weight-average molecular mass Mr = 1 x 10(6) g/mol) + 1% w/v @entity2975 (Mr = 4 x 10(5) g/mol), the 22 fragments in pBR322/HaeIII DNA, including the doublet of 123/124 bp, have been successfully separated within 6.5 min. Under the same separation conditions, similar resolution could only be achieved by using @entity2975 (Mr = 4 x 10(5) g/mol) with concentrations higher than 6% w/v and could not be achieved by using only @entity12468 (Mr = 1 x 10(6) g/mol) with a concentration as high as 15% w/v. It is noted that the interpenetrating network formed by 2% @entity12468 and 1% @entity2975 has a very low viscosity and can dynamically coat the inner wall of a fused- @entity3440 capillary. The separation reached an efficiency of more than 10(7) theoretical plate numbers/m and a reproducibility of less than 1% relative standard deviation of migration time in a total of seven runs. The interpenetrating network could stabilize polymer chain entanglements. Consequently, the separation speed was increased while retaining resolution.

title: Separation of double-stranded DNA fragments by capillary electrophoresis in interpenetrating networks of XXXX and @entity4280 .

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity2975 :: (CHEBI:51135,Chemical) :: ['polyacrylamide']


abstract: The nephrotoxicity induced by a wide variety of chemical compounds can be attenuated by agents which modify @entity460 ion ( @entity141 ) movement across membranes or @entity460 -dependent processes. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of @entity594 , a @entity460 channel blocking drug, and @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ), an antagonist of many @entity460 -dependent processes, to attenuate the nephrotoxicity induced by the agricultural fungicide @entity59774 ( @entity20560 ) or its metabolite @entity59775 ( @entity59775 ). Male Fischer 344 @entity35 (4 @entity35 per group) were pretreated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with @entity594 (0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg), @entity5579 (1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg) or vehicle 1 h before @entity20560 (0.4 mmol/kg), @entity59775 (0.1 mmol/kg) or vehicle ( @entity5420 oil, 2.5 ml/kg). In separate experiments, @entity35 were pretreated with @entity594 (0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg/day, i.p.) starting 2 days before @entity20560 or @entity20560 vehicle and continuing throughout the experiment. Renal function was monitored at 24 and 48 h. @entity594 (single or multiple treatments) and @entity5579 (1.0 mg/kg) were ineffective in substantially altering @entity20560 (0.4 mmol/kg)-induced nephrotoxicity. However, @entity5579 (5.0 mg/kg) markedly attenuated all aspects of @entity20560 -induced @entity8 . Also, @entity5579 (5.0 mg/kg) partially protected against @entity59775 (0.1 mmol/kg)-induced renal effects. These results demonstrate the inability of the @entity460 channel blocker @entity594 to attenuate @entity20560 nephrotoxicity. Attenuation of @entity20560 nephrotoxicity by @entity5579 could suggest that @entity5579 is antagonizing @entity460 influx into renal tissue and/or renal intracellular @entity460 -dependent processes to modify the renal response to @entity20560 . However, the inability of @entity5579 to markedly attenuate @entity59775 nephrotoxicity could indicate that @entity5579 protected against @entity20560 nephrotoxicity by inhibiting biotransformation of the parent compound to its toxic chemical species.

title: Effect of XXXX antagonism by @entity594 and @entity2644 on acute @entity59774 -induced nephrotoxicity in Fischer 344 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity59775 :: ('MESH:C070526', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinimide', 'NDHS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity59774 :: ('MESH:C007352', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: One hundred and ten @entity1 who underwent vulvectomy and inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy for stages I-IV @entity957 were studied. The most important factors that affected the inguinal lymph node status in the order of importance were @entity1350 , clinical stage, @entity5 thickness, depth of stromal invasion, and amount of keratin. Fourteen (88%) of 16 @entity5 with @entity1350 in the @entity5 metastasized. In the absence of @entity1350 , 18 (19%) of 94 @entity5 metastasized. Overall, 82% of @entity5 were correctly classified into lymph node negative and positive groups on the basis of @entity1350 . Tumor thickness and depth of stromal invasion had a similar accuracy in predicting lymph node status. The risk of lymph node @entity3 increased from 0% when @entity5 thickness or depth of stromal invasion was less than 2 mm, to over 20% when depth of stromal invasion was greater than 2 mm, and to over 40% when @entity5 thickness exceeded 4 mm. A combination of @entity1350 , @entity5 thickness (or depth of stromal invasion), and the amount of keratin correctly classified 97% (76/78) of the lymph node negative group and 63% (20/32) of the positive group with an overall accuracy of 87%. The probability of having lymph node @entity3 was computed for individual @entity1 on the basis of one or more pathologic parameters using a logistic regression model. This feasibility is an important step toward individualized therapy for @entity189 .

title: Risk factors for the development of lymph node XXXX in @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Traumatic @entity438 occupy less than 1% in all @entity438 and the onset usually occurs two to three weeks after the @entity542 . The authors present a case revealing an @entity439 -like shadow at the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery immediately after the @entity542 . A 45-year-old @entity1 was admitted in a semi-comatose state, with @entity548 from the nose and the ear. He presented anisocoria, with the left pupil larger, and absence of light reflex of the pupil. Roentgenographic examinations revealed @entity174 , the left radius, and the pelvis. CT disclosed @entity510 and intrasylvian and intracerebral @entity1410 , with midline shift to the right. Left carotid angiograms revealed an @entity439 -like shadow projecting medially at the supraclinoid portion of the left internal carotid artery, and an emergency operation was performed. A left fronto-temporo-parietal craniectomy was done. Incision of the dura disclosed a thin subdural @entity1410 and @entity510 on the surface of the brain. Following removal of the intrasylvian and intracerebral @entity1410 and slight retraction of the @entity75 , a @entity174 and dural tear of the anterior cranial fossa were found. During exposure of the internal carotid artery, a heavy @entity548 occurred from the supraclinoid internal carotid artery. Under control of the @entity548 by temporary clipping of the internal carotid artery, the @entity548 point was proved to be a longitudinal tear of the infero-medial wall of the internal carotid artery, and its length was about 5 mm. Because it was difficult to suture the tear, the internal carotid artery was doubly clipped.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Posttraumatic XXXX -like shadow at the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery--a case report].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures of the skull', 'bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in drug treatment service needs, utilization, satisfaction, and outcomes between Hispanic and white @entity888 (meth) abusers. DATA SOURCES: Intake assessments and follow-up interviews of 128 Hispanic and 371 non-Hispanic white meth abusers admitted during 2000-2001 to 43 drug treatment programs in 13 counties across California. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study comparing ethnic differences in problem severity during pre- and posttreatment periods, as well as in services received during treatment. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was administered at both intake and the 9-month follow-up to assess clients' problem severity in a number of domains. Service utilization and satisfaction were assessed 3 months following treatment admission. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Hispanics were less educated and reported more employment difficulties than whites. Whites were more likely to be treated in residential programs than Hispanics despite similar severity in drug and @entity167 use, legal, medical and family/social problems, and @entity146 status. Significantly more whites than Hispanics received @entity146 services, likely because more of them were treated in residential programs. Whites also reported receiving greater numbers of total services and services addressing @entity167 and @entity146 problems. While no ethnic differences were found in treatment satisfaction and several other outcomes, Hispanics demonstrated better family and social outcomes than whites. CONCLUSIONS: Both Hispanic and white meth abusers improved after treatment, although benefits from treatment can be further enhanced if services underscore different facets of their psychosocial problems.

title: Drug treatment service utilization and outcomes for Hispanic and white XXXX abusers.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is one of the main causes of mortality in the world which is created by the effect of enviromental physico-chemical mutagen and carcinogen agents. In the last years, many studies have been performed on the anticancer effects of @entity3088 . Echinophora platyloba DC plant (Khousharizeh) is one of the indigenous medicinal plants which is used as a food seasoning and medicine in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The extract was evaluated in terms of antimutagenicity properties by a standard reverse mutation assay (Ames Test). This was performed with @entity3793 auxotroph strain of @entity2491 (TA100). Thus, it requires @entity3793 from a foreign supply to ensure its growth. The afore mentioned strain gives rise to reverted colonies when expose to carcinogen substance ( @entity4627 ). The other objective of this study was to examine the in vitro cytotoxic activity of cell death of crude methanolic extracts prepared from Echinophora platyloba on @entity2799 cell line (NB4). @entity137 and viability of methanolic extract was assessed by @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) and dye exclusion assay. RESULTS: In Ames test the extract prevented the reverted mutations and the hindrance percent was 93.4% in antimutagenicity test. Data obtained from this assay indicated that the extract significantly reduced the viability of @entity1 cells and inhibited cell growth in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the antimutagenicity effect of Echinophora Platyloba and suggests that it has a potential as an anticancer agent.

title: The comparison of antimutagenicity and anticancer activities of Echinophora platyloba DC on acute XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium Azide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['promyelocytic leukemia cancer']


abstract: This study was aimed to determine whether administration of an inhibitor of @entity4124 protects hepatocellular function in @entity35 with @entity548 and whether caspases are important pharmacological targets in attenuating @entity99 induced by @entity548 and resuscitation. Male adult @entity35 were subjected to @entity548 by bleeding to a mean arterial blood pressure of 35-40 mmHg for 1 h and were then resuscitation with 60% shed blood and lactated Ringers solution. A subgroup of animals was injected i.v. with 2 mg/kg caspase inhibitor, @entity35545 , prior to blood withdrawal. Fas ligand expression was markedly elevated and @entity4124 activity increased by 3-fold in hemorrhagic untreated @entity35 . The increase in @entity4124 activity was prevented by administration of @entity35545 prior to shock and resuscitation. Poly ( @entity857 ribose) polymerase proteolysis was reduced in @entity35 treated with the @entity4124 inhibitor compared with hemorrhagic untreated animals. Plasma @entity492 aminotransferase and @entity493 aminotransferase values showed a significant increase at 6 h of shock in untreated animals (+360% and +515% as compared with sham-operated animals, respectively). Administration of the @entity4124 inhibitor did not prevent the increase in plasma transaminases. The cytosolic concentration of @entity4466 -reactive substances (TBARS) and the oxidized:reduced @entity2041 ratio increased in the animals with @entity548 (+94% and +170%, respectively). These parameters were not significantly modified by pretreatment with @entity35545 . It appears that caspase inhibition does not attenuate hepatocellular @entity308 and @entity99 induced by @entity548 and resuscitation.

title: Caspase inhibition does not protect against liver damage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: @entity6831 is one of the major causes which increase the morbidity and mortality of the @entity1 with malignant @entity1313 . The incidence of this complication is increasing, however, no sufficient treatment is available at present. Therefore, in an attempt to establish a new treatment, we studied @entity137 and therapeutic effect of intrathecal ACNU ( @entity19911 ) using experimental animals. Systemic and local @entity137 was tested in normal @entity35 that received ACNU intracisternally. The animals given ACNU more than 3.0 mg/kg progressively lost their body weight, and ACNU 6.0 mg/kg was fatal in 80% of animals. Animals given ACNU less than 1.5 mg/kg gained weight in the same rate as in control animals. Increased capillary permeability to intravenous @entity23045 was observed in the subpial region of the brain in the @entity35 given ACNU 6.0 mg/kg intracisternally. The increase of capillary permeability was dominant along the ambient cistern, hypocampal fissure, and at the base of the brain. Demyelinization and loss of neurons were seen in the same areas as well. These changes were not observed in the animal given ACNU less than 1.5 mg/kg. Therapeutic effect of intrathecal ACNU against the @entity5 was studied in @entity35 with @entity3909 which was induced by intracisternal inoculation of 1 X 10(4) cells of Walker 256 @entity6962 . The median survival times of the animal given ACNU 1.5 mg/kg intrathecally on day 2 or 5 after @entity5 inoculation were prolonged by 55 to 64%, and 64 to 145%, respectively, as compared to those of untreated control animals (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Intrathecal ACNU against @entity5 -- XXXX and therapeutic effect in experimental animals].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'leptomeningeal tumor']

entities_list: @entity23045 :: ('MESH:D005070', 'Chemical') :: ['Evans blue']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['Leptomeningeal dissemination']

entities_list: @entity19911 :: ('CHEBI:7576', 'Chemical') :: ['nimustine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of fractionated three-dimensional stereotactic radiotherapy on @entity5 control and radiation induced side effects in @entity1 with spheno-occipital @entity3580 . @entity1 , MATERIAL AND METHODS: 13 @entity1 with @entity3580 (8 female, 5 male, median age at radiotherapy 42 years) were treated with a three-dimensional non-coplanar stereotactic irradiation technique using 15 MeV-photons. Median dose applied was 70 Gy. Irradiation was performed in 2 @entity1 after biopsy and in 11 @entity1 after resection of @entity3580 (2 R1-resections and 9 R2-resections). RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 32 months (4 to 80 months) 12 @entity1 are alive (92%). One @entity1 died 4 months after radiotherapy due to @entity5 progression. Three of the surviving @entity1 developed local recurrence. Until now @entity5 control is 69%. In two @entity1 who had @entity5 after surgery a complete regression occurred (verified by CT and MRI respectively). Early radiation complications were moderate, only @entity10 and @entity1296 were observed. Also late radiation complications were low. Only one @entity1 developed an @entity4903 due to @entity130 . Ongoing hormone replacement was necessary in this case. No @entity1 developed sequelae of the optic system, @entity129 or brain stem. CONCLUSION: With regard to @entity5 control our results are in the more favorable range compared to the results obtained with conventional photon irradiation techniques. In spite of the high doses applied both early and late radiation complications were in an acceptable range. Further adequate follow-up must prove, whether these promising results will be corroborated in the future.

title: [The initial results in the fractionated 3-dimensional stereotactic irradiation of clivus XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'macroscopic tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary injury']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordoma of the clivus', 'chordoma']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine dysfunction']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report our treatment for chronic @entity8244 associated with segment @entity79 and shortening in ulna after @entity4034 , using bone transport with a unilateral external fixator. METHODS: Between October 1994 and January 2009, 10 @entity1 with chronic @entity8244 associated with @entity79 and shortening in ulna caused by @entity4034 underwent bone transport using a unilateral external fixator in our unit. There were six males and four females, with a mean age of 14.2 years (range, 10-17 years). The mean ulna defect measured as the discrepancy between the length of the radius and the ulna was 5.4 cm (range, 3.5-7.8 cm). RESULTS: In a mean follow-up of 78 months (range, 27-132 months), all @entity1 had achieved bony union and complete reduction of the @entity135 . All @entity1 were satisfied with the cosmetic appearance of the elbow and the length of the upper extremity. The mean arc of flexion-extension was improved by 26.5 degrees (from preoperative 96.5 degrees to postoperative 123.0 degrees) and the mean arc of supination-pronation was improved by 48.5 degrees (from preoperative 86.5 degrees to postoperative 135.0 degrees). The mean bone healing index was 40.5 d/cm (range, 35-47 d/cm). The mean ulnar lengthening was 5.2 cm (range, 3.5-7.5 cm). CONCLUSION: Although it is time consuming, bone transport is a therapeutic alternative for chronic dislocation of the @entity135 associated with @entity79 and shortening in ulna. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level V.

title: Management of chronic @entity8244 associated with segment @entity79 in ulna after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['radial head']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity8244 :: ('MESH:C566728', 'Disease') :: ['radial head dislocation']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is currently recommended for @entity1 with intermediate-thickness @entity320 ( @entity9212 ). Historically, T4 @entity320 @entity1 have not been considered good candidates for @entity1600 because of the high risk of distant progression. However, some authors suggest that T4 @entity320 @entity1 could be considered as a heterogeneous group that could benefit from @entity1600 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 350 @entity1 with thick (>4  mm) @entity320 between 1999 and 2011. @entity1 were stratified into three groups depending on the results of @entity1600 : (1) 94 @entity1600 -negative; (2) 84 @entity1600 -positive; and (3) 172 @entity1600 not performed (observation group). The associations of clinical-pathologic features with the result of @entity1600 , disease-free interval (DFI), and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) were analyzed. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses confirmed a better prognosis for SLN-negative @entity1 compared with @entity1 in the observation group ( @entity66 hazard ratio [HR] 0.62, p  =  0.03; DFI HR 0.47, p  <  0.001). The observation group was shown to have the same prognosis as the positive-sentinel lymph node group, when adjusted for principal confounders in the model. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that thick- @entity320 @entity1 are a heterogeneous group with different prognosis. In our experience, @entity1600 allowed for an appropriate stratification of @entity1 in different survival groups. On the basis of our results, we strongly recommend the routine execution of @entity1600 in cases of primary @entity320 thicker than 4  mm.

title: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in XXXX @entity1 (N=350): What is Its Prognostic Role?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SLNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Thick-Melanoma']


abstract: The relationship between natural killer (NK) cells and @entity32 was investigated using two experimental @entity738 models in C57BL/6 @entity19 . The @entity99 model was produced by infection with @entity380 ( @entity383 ), and the skin @entity738 model was established by subcutaneous inoculation of the isolated hepatic @entity738 . NK cell activity in lymph nodes and spleen, measured by 51Cr-release assay against YAC-1 cells, was compared to that in age-matched control @entity19 . The activity decreased progressively as @entity738 developed without changing the number of @entity11386 + cells. The reduced NK cell activity was not reversed by administration of @entity3352 . In order to further substantiate whether NK cells contribute to @entity32 , NK cells were depleted in the @entity19 by injection of anti- @entity11386 mAb. Reduction of NK cell activity (70-90%) was achieved during @entity738 formation. An increase of about 20% in the mean @entity738 diameter was detected in the mAb-treated @entity19 in both models. Moreover, the percentage of @entity738 takes in the skin model was enhanced (65% increase). The mAb treatment did not alter T cell counts in @entity738 , T cell subset numbers or proliferative response in spleen. These findings indicate that NK cells directly play a regulatory role in @entity32 .

title: Relationship between NK cells and @entity32 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic granuloma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Tetralogy of Fallot with @entity338 is a rare @entity600 . The diagnostic features and surgical management in ten @entity1 with this @entity600 have been described. There were five male and five female @entity1 , (age 3 1/2 to 26 years). The common symptoms were recurrent @entity1729 and cyanosis. Examination revealed hyperdynamic precordial pulsations, single second heart sound and an early diastolic murmur along the left sternal border in all. Electrocardiograms were indistinguishable from typical @entity215 . Chest X-ray revealed @entity1283 , prominent pulmonary conus and dilated pulmonary arteries in all cases, lung vascularity being variable. Echocardiographic findings were diagnostic and are discussed in detail. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography revealed @entity850 in all, along with @entity384 of main and branch pulmonary arteries. Eight @entity1 underwent intracardiac repair. There was no perioperative mortality. All @entity1 have been followed up for 350 months (mean 29 months).

title: Tetralogy of Fallot with XXXX : diagnostic features and management.

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['absent pulmonary valve']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['annular stenosis']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['absent pulmonary valve']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the wide spectrum of @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity2012 , the ability of most pathological markers to predict clinical and radiological behavior remains controversial. The authors sought to comprehensively examine clinical and radiological correlates of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 )-secreting @entity977 with regard to several commonly used immunocytochemical techniques in @entity1 undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for @entity2012 . METHOD: We performed a retrospective review of histopathological findings in 101 surgically resected @entity2124 @entity652 . @entity5 were assessed radiologically for different patterns of extension. Each @entity5 specimen was subject to immunocytochemical analysis, including assessments of granulation patterns, @entity1758 labeling indices, prolactin cosecretion, @entity876 expression and mitotic activity. Endocrinological outcome was assessed in 93 @entity1 , with remission defined by the 2010 consensus criteria. RESULTS: Most @entity5 were macroadenomas and almost half were invasive. When compared to densely granulated @entity5 , sparsely granulated @entity652 were associated with a younger age at presentation, higher preoperative @entity442 levels, elevated @entity1758 index and pure @entity2124 immunostaining, but did not differ significantly in terms of extrasellar invasion or outcome. Increased mitotic activity and @entity876 expression were also associated with higher proliferation indices and a younger age at presentation. Mixed @entity2124 /prolactin @entity5 demonstrated significantly higher remission rates, independent of variations in extrasellar growth. @entity1758 indices did not correlate with the preoperative @entity2124 / @entity442 levels, @entity652 size or Knosp grade. CONCLUSION: The pathobiology of @entity2012 is complex, and the clinicoradiological significance of subtyping on the basis of the markers employed in this study is debatable. Further investigation of newer molecular markers is warranted.

title: An analysis of granulation patterns, XXXX proliferation indices and @entity876 expression in 101 @entity1 with @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity1758 :: (57534,Gene) :: ['MIB-1']


abstract: 1. In this study we describe application of high-frequency stimulation to the group Ia afferent-to-motoneuron synapse of @entity468 to determine the extent to which regeneration of axotomized muscle afferents and motoneurons into skin or into muscle rescues their ability to generate excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). 2. The @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ) muscle nerve was transected and 1) left chronically axotomized, 2) cross-united to the caudal cutaneous sural (CCS) nerve, or 3) self-united. The ability of the operated @entity10036 muscle afferents to generate EPSPs in normal @entity5251 ( @entity5251 ) motoneurons and of normal @entity5251 muscle afferents to generate EPSPs in the operated @entity10036 motoneurons was tested 5 @entity12968 mo later. 3. EPSPs were generated by bursts of 32 shocks at 167 Hz and averaged in register. In normal @entity468 , EPSP amplitude decreased (negative modulation) during these bursts in @entity4889 and could increase or decrease in type F motoneurons (positive or negative modulation). 4. After axotomy, EPSPs generated both in axotomized motoneurons and by axotomized afferents showed only negative modulation during the burst, and the negative modulation was much greater than in normal animals. Regeneration of the muscle nerve into skin significantly decreased the negative modulation relative to axotomy. Regeneration of the muscle nerve into muscle restored the EPSP modulation behaviors even more, to essentially normal values. 5. We conclude that the ability of muscle afferents to generate EPSPs in motoneurons in response to high-frequency stimulation, and the ability of motoneurons to express those EPSPs, are both influenced by the target innervated by those neurons. Synaptic efficacy is severely reduced by target deprivation (axotomy), partially rescued by cross-regeneration into skin, and rescued virtually completely by regeneration into the native muscle. We speculate on the role of target-derived neurotrophins in these effects.

title: Rescue of motoneuron and muscle afferent function in XXXX by regeneration into skin. II. Ia-motoneuron synapse.

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['type S motoneurons']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'medial gastrocnemius']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['LGS', 'lateral gastrocnemius-soleus']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delivery is one of the most stressful events in @entity1 's life. Excessive @entity148 , in turn, @entity14422 . Mother's positive experience of delivery leads to more effective maternal-fetal attachment in the first few hours of birth. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to compare the effects of acupressure at two different acupoints on @entity148 level and maternal-fetal attachment in primiparous @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 150 primiparous @entity1 were allocated to acupressure at GB-21 acupoint, acupressure at @entity8949 acupoint, and control group. The @entity1 in their active phase of delivery were enrolled in the study and pressure was applied to the acupoints for 20 minutes. Mother's @entity148 level was assessed using Spielberger's questionnaire before and one hour after the intervention. In addition, maternal-fetal @entity146 were evaluated using Avant's questionnaire during the first breastfeeding. Then the data were introduced to the SPSS (v. 13) and were analyzed using t test and one way ANOVA. RESULTS: The results revealed no significant difference among the three groups regarding the @entity148 level before the intervention (P > 0.05). One hour after the intervention, this measure was significantly lower in the intervention groups in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two intervention groups in this regard (P > 0.05). Moreover, maternal-fetal attachment was higher in the intervention groups in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Acupressure at both acupoints reduced @entity148 level and increased maternal-fetal attachment. This method can be easily used in the delivery room.

title: The Effect of Acupressure at GB-21 and @entity8949 Acupoints on Anxiety Level and Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Primiparous XXXX : a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['attachment behaviors']

entities_list: @entity14422 :: ('MESH:D011248', 'Disease') :: ['increases delivery and pregnancy complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) are generally located in temporal lobe and cause medically-intractable @entity410 so that surgical treatment becomes inevitable. This study includes a retrospective analysis of our @entity1 with temporal @entity11 retrieved from our @entity302 surgery data base and tries to present appropriate surgical approach and long-term @entity410 and anti- @entity302 drug (AED) outcomes. Fifty-three @entity1 including @entity1 and adults underwent surgery on temporal lobe @entity11 and 35 @entity1 were reached to report @entity410 and AED outcomes. On the non-dominant temporal lobe, anterior temporal resection with hippocampectomy whether mesial structure are involved or not is the appropriate approach. On the dominant temporal lobe mesial structures should be respected. However, total resection of the @entity5 should be the goal of surgery. Mean follow-up period was 8.3 years and favorable @entity410 outcome was found to be 91.4%. Surgery decreased AED usage and mean number of AED significantly decreased. @entity1 also benefited from surgery as adults. Surgical treatment of @entity5 -related @entity302 from @entity410 , and total removal should be the main goal of surgery as neuropsychological testing permit.

title: Low-grade temporal @entity11 : Surgical strategy and long-term XXXX outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'temporal lobe controls seizures']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Low-grade gliomas', 'LGGs']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the relationship between adiposity and plasma free @entity844 levels and the influence of total plasma free @entity844 level on insulin sensitivity and b-cell function. METHODS: An insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response to @entity413 and a disposition index, derived from i.v. @entity413 tolerance minimal model analysis and total fasting plasma free @entity844 levels were available for 533 @entity1 in the Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Cambridge, Kings study. Bivariate correlations were made between insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response to @entity413 and disposition index and both adiposity measures (BMI, waist circumference and body fat mass) and total plasma free @entity844 levels. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed, controlling for age, sex, ethnicity and adiposity. RESULTS: After adjustment, all adiposity measures were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity index (BMI: b  =  -0.357; waist circumference: b  =  -0.380; body fat mass: b  = -0.375) and disposition index (BMI: b  =  -0.215; waist circumference: b  =  -0.248; body fat mass: b  =  -0.221) and positively associated with acute insulin response to @entity413 [BMI: b  =  0.200; waist circumference: b  =  0.195; body fat mass b  =  0.209 (P values <0.001)]. Adiposity explained 13, 4 and 5% of the variation in insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response to @entity413 and disposition index, respectively. After adjustment, no adiposity measure was associated with free @entity844 level, but total plasma free @entity844 level was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity index (b  =  -0.133), acute insulin response to @entity413 (b  =  -0.148) and disposition index [b  =  -0.218 (P values <0.01)]. Plasma free @entity844 concentration accounted for 1.5, 2 and 4% of the variation in insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response to @entity413 and disposition index, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma free @entity844 levels have a modest negative association with insulin sensitivity, b-cell secretion and disposition index but no association with adiposity measures. It is unlikely that plasma free @entity1718 are the primary mediators of @entity28 -related insulin resistance or b-cell dysfunction.

title: Plasma free @entity1718 do not provide the link between XXXX and insulin resistance or b-cell dysfunction: results of the Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Cambridge, Kings (RISCK) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A total of 215 consecutive @entity1 treated either by bracing or operation received a questionnaire after 9.7 years. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to elucidate the long-term outcome in a group of brace (BT) or @entity954 ( @entity954 ) @entity1 suffering @entity1615 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ), the options are BT or @entity954 and, together with the disease itself, they may both be physically and psychologically demanding. METHODS: The main topics of a questionnaire were demographics, @entity615 , activities of daily living, and SF-36. RESULTS: A total of 181 replied. The mean age at follow-up was 26.0 years. The level of back or leg @entity158 was relatively low, and the BT @entity1 had more @entity158 than their @entity954 peers. We saw a generally high level of ADL and found no significant difference between BT and @entity954 @entity1 in the present study for any of the SF-36 variables. Compared with age-matched controls, the SF-36 scores were lower in the @entity1615 @entity1 . Brace related questions revealed a significant impact of the disease and the treatment on the @entity1 ' lives. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 had moderately reduced perceived health status and activities of daily living, and @entity158 with the @entity954 @entity1 generally at a better level than the BT.

title: Outcome at 10 years after treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['ST', 'surgical treated']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: The objective of this work was to compare the accuracy of radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating @entity421 margins. The accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and bone scintigraphy was also assessed when these studies were available. Eight @entity235 with @entity421 underwent radiographic and MRI of affected limbs. In addition, bone scintigraphy was performed in six @entity235 and CT examination was performed in five @entity235 . Two observers jointly measured @entity5 length on all imaging studies. Correlative gross and histologic evaluation of all affected limbs was performed to determine @entity5 extent as measured from the nearest articular surface. Results from imaging studies were compared to gross and microscopic morphometry findings to determine the accuracy of each modality for determining @entity5 boundaries. MRI images were accurate with a mean overestimation of @entity5 length of 3 +/- 13%. T1-weighted non-contrast images were superior in identifying intramedullary @entity5 margins in most instances whereas contrast-enhanced images provided supplemental information in two @entity235 . Lateromedial and craniocaudal radiographs overestimated @entity5 length by 17 +/- 28% and 4 +/- 26%, respectively. Scintigraphy and CT overestimated @entity5 margins by 14 +/- 28% and 27 +/- 36%, respectively. MRI appears to be an accurate diagnostic imaging modality in determining @entity421 boundaries. MRI should be considered as part of a pre-operative assessment of @entity421 , particularly when a limb-sparing procedure is contemplated.

title: Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for estimating @entity421 extent in pre-operative planning of XXXX limb-salvage procedures.

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular osteosarcoma', 'intramedullary osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'actual tumor']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']