abstract: To evaluate the comparative efficacy of Ayurvedic formulation a Rasanjana Madhu (RM) eye @entity1163 in Netra Abhishyanda in @entity6063 , the current study is planned. Total of 35 @entity1 attending the outpatient department of Shalakya Tantra at R. G. G. Postgraduate Ayurvedic College, Paprola, Distt. Kangra, Himachal Pradesh with characteristic features of Netra Abhishyanda were selected for the present study. Twenty @entity1 were given trial drug, i.e., RM eye drops, while 15 @entity1 were given @entity735 . Random sampling technique was adopted for the present study. The duration of the treatment was 7 days with 1 week follow-up. @entity1 receiving the trial group demonstrated reduction of @entity809 , lacrimation, @entity3917 , @entity1109 , discharge, and congestion, which were statistically significant with 93% @entity1 cured or markedly improved category. Signs and symptoms stated above were also statistically reduced with @entity735 , probably because of well-documented hygroscopic and bacteriocidal properties of honey. Based on the study, it can be concluded that, RM eye drops are very effective in the management of Netra Abhishyanda viz. @entity281 .

title: Effect of rasanjana madhu ashchyotana in netra abhishyanda ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['redness, burning sensation']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body sensation']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['drops and Honey Rose (HR) water eye drops']

entities_list: @entity6063 :: ('MESH:D003234', 'Disease') :: ['mucopurulent conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['HR eye drops']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infective conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity6063 :: (MESH:D003234,Disease) :: ['mucopurulent conjunctivitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To diagnose @entity8453 in newborns by separating and measuring the Hb fractions on high throughput capillary electrophoresis. To test and validate the Capillarys Neonat Fast Hb device (Sebia) on fresh and dry blood samples. DESIGN AND METHODS: The Hb fractions in 1.600 cord blood samples from the multi ethnic Dutch population were separated and measured. Further, the sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the device in detecting abnormalities and measuring the Hb fractions were estimated. RESULTS: The apparatus separated all significant Hb fractions that should be detected during @entity21130 ( @entity21130 ) with 100% sensitivity. The reproducibility of the migrations guaranteed putative specificity for the few relevant frequent variants observed (HbS, C, and E). The estimation of the HbA and F fractions proved reliable using a well-designed integration mode. DISCUSSION: Due to the limited number of samples no cases with @entity3458 major were found in this cohort. However, the heterozygous state for the common variants associated with these diseases was clearly recognizable. The measurements were sufficiently precise to recognize sickle cell disease, @entity2395 major and intermedia and to identify carriers including possible @entity2395 . Therefore, Capillarys Neonat Fast Hb (Sebia) can be considered as a valid instrument for @entity21130 of the @entity8453 on fresh and dry blood samples.

title: Newborn screening for XXXX using capillary electrophoresis technology: Testing the Capillarys Neonat Fast Hb device.

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease or b-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity21130 :: ('MESH:D006475', 'Disease') :: ['NBS', 'newborn screening']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['Hemoglobinopathies', 'hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['b-thalassemia']

answer: @entity8453 :: (MESH:D006453,Disease) :: ['hemoglobinopathies']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In vitro studies demonstrate that cannabinoid CB(1) receptors subserve activity-dependent suppression of inhibition in the neocortex. To examine this mechanism in vivo, we assessed the effects of local changes in CB(1) receptor activity on somatosensory cortex neuronal activation by whisker movement in @entity35 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Laser Doppler flowmetry and @entity5019 immunohistochemistry were used to measure changes in local blood flow and neuronal activation, respectively. All drugs were applied directly to the cranium above the whisker barrel fields of the primary somatosensory cortex. KEY RESULTS: The CB(1) receptor agonist @entity10024 potentiated the hyperaemia induced by whisker movement and this potentiation was occluded by bicuculline. The CB(1) receptor antagonists, @entity351 and @entity14513 , inhibited hyperaemic responses to whisker movement; indicating that activation of endogenous CB(1) receptors increased during whisker movement. Whisker movement-induced expression of @entity5019 protein in neurons of the whisker barrel cortex was inhibited by @entity351 . Movement of the whiskers increased the @entity9394 content in the contralateral, compared to the ipsilateral, sensory cortex. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results support the hypothesis that endocannabinoid signalling is recruited during physiologically relevant activation of the sensory cortex. These data support the hypothesis that the primary effect of CB(1) receptor activation within the activated whisker barrel cortex is to inhibit @entity1246 release, resulting in disinhibition of neuronal activation. These studies provide physiological data involving endocannabinoid signalling in activity-dependent regulation of neuronal activation and provide a mechanistic basis for the effects of cannabis use on sensory processing in @entity1 .

title: Endocannabinoid modulation of hyperaemia evoked by physiologically relevant stimuli in the XXXX primary somatosensory cortex.

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonoylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity351 :: ('MESH:C089032', 'Chemical') :: ['rimonabant']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We reported the pneumovesicum (PV) approach to lower ureter and bladder cuff excision and closure. We believe that this approach bears the closest resemblance to the laparoscopic skill set of intravesical dissection and suturing. Herein, we report the midterm oncological results of the approach's use in a series of @entity1 with upper tract @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2004 to May 2010, 10 @entity1 with upper tract @entity5 who underwent PV-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) were reviewed. Laparoscopic ports were inserted into the bladder via a suprapubic route, and @entity544 PV was induced. Laparoscopic dissection of the lower ureter and excision of the bladder cuff were then performed. The @entity1494 was securely closed using laparoscopic suturing, and standard LNU followed. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 and one @entity1 with a mean age of 71.6 years (47-82) underwent the procedure. Six of the @entity1 had @entity703 , two had upper @entity1698 , one had @entity5 , and one had @entity703 . In terms of final pathology, there were three, two, and five @entity1 with T1, T2, and T3 diseases, respectively. All of the @entity1 had grade 2 (G2) disease, except for two with grade 3 (G3) disease. Over a median follow-up of 46 months (22-67 months), four @entity1 developed superficial @entity150 recurrence. The bladder and systemic recurrence rates were 40% and 10%, respectively. There was no port site recurrence. CONCLUSION: Based on our midterm follow-up information, it can be concluded that the PV approach to en-bloc bladder cuff excision and LNU for upper tract @entity5 provides intermediate oncological results comparable to those of other approaches to en-bloc excision of the bladder cuff.

title: Pneumovesicum approach to en-bloc laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision for upper tract XXXX : midterm oncological results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder defect']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['midureter tumor', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ureter tumor']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous renal pelvis and upper ureter tumor', 'renal pelvic tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial cancer']


abstract: We have established a @entity1 @entity694 cell line, designated KT-COLO-8, derived from cancerous ascites of a 64-year-old male @entity1 who had mucinous @entity694 . The cells have been cultured with RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. They grew in vitro free-floating and formed sheet-like clusters as large as 2-3 mm in diameter. Population doubling time for the cells was 48 hours. The chromosome number ranged from 48 to 50. The Q-band analysis revealed abnormal karyotype with three marker chromosomes including 1p-, 4q- and 5q-. The cells produced and released high level of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) in the conditioned medium. Percentage of @entity787 positive cells was 98%. An aggregation assay revealed that 80% of the cells dissociated into single cells aggregated within 30 min. The self aggregation of the cells was completely inhibited only by anti- @entity787 monoclonal antibody, suggesting that the cluster formation of KT-COLO-8 cells was dependent on @entity787 molecules.

title: [Establishment and characterization of a new cell line (KT-COLO-8) derived from a XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon', 'colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma']


abstract: 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to study freshly aspirated normal @entity1 bone marrow samples. The pH within the intact cells of the samples was determined from the chemical-shift position of the resonance for inorganic @entity4613 within the cell; the intracellular pH was found to be 7.35 for fresh bone marrow. The chemical-shift positions of the alpha and beta @entity4613 resonances of @entity6883 were used to assess the fraction of this metabolite complexed with @entity1025 . It was found that 84% of the total intracellular @entity6883 was in the @entity1025 -complexed form. The concentration of @entity1025 uncomplexed to any ligand was 0.4 mM. The areas of the resonances for the major @entity3151 -containing metabolites were used to determine intracellular concentrations. For fresh @entity1 bone marrow, the intracellular concentrations determined were @entity4613 monoesters less than 0.3 mM, @entity6297 3.9 +/- 1.0 mM, inorganic @entity4613 1.2 +/- 0.6 mM, phosphodiesters 2.8 +/- 1.0 mM, @entity6883 1.6 +/- 0.4 mM, @entity1424 less than 0.2 mM, and @entity2125 less than 0.2 mM. These metabolite concentrations within the intact cell samples did not change over 2.0 h and changed only gradually over a 24-h period. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was then used to study the cryopreservation of normal @entity1 bone marrow in the presence of increasing concentrations of the penetrating cryopreservative @entity3733 . @entity3733 alone without freezing was found to cause some gradual hydrolysis of @entity6297 , presumably by stimulating diphosphoglycerate phosphatase. The effect of freezing @entity1 bone marrow to liquid @entity1568 temperatures, storage, and rapid thawing was a dramatic fall in intracellular @entity6883 levels. The half-life of the metabolite, after thawing, was about 0.3 h. If the bone marrow was frozen in the presence of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% @entity3733 , the post-thaw half-life was prolonged to 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 h, respectively. 15% @entity3733 afforded complete cryoprotection, with @entity6883 levels constant for 15 h after thawing the @entity1 bone marrow.

title: The cryoprotective effects of @entity3733 on XXXX bone marrow as studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6297 :: ('MESH:D019794', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-diphosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethyl sulfoxide', 'dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity1424 :: ('CHEBI:16761', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine 5-diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Incidence of reported @entity66 in hilly @entity1 are not precisely known. The pattern of @entity66 in the hilly areas of Abha and Khamis Moshayet mountainous regions of Saudi Arabia has been studied. These areas are situated at 2,000 to 3,200 meters above the sea level and are devoid of river, canal or lake. The temperature ranges from 5 degrees C to 30 degrees C and humidity 30% to 60% usually. Diarrhoeal @entity1 treated in the six health centres were recorded and analyzed for the years 1987-88 and 1989-90. Dysentery affected 2.37% of the @entity1 giving 0.023 episodes per head per year. It was almost uniformly distributed in all age groups but was higher in males 10 years and over than in females. @entity294 affected 8.00% of the whole population and 27.44% @entity1 giving 0.27 episodes per @entity1 per year. In all age groups, incidences in male were higher than in female. Incidences of both were higher during July to October and lower during March to April. The rate was highest in Umme Sarrar PHC area. Overall, 10.35% of the whole population and 30% of the @entity1 contracted @entity66 . The episode of reported cases per @entity1 (0.30) per year was one-seventh of the Saudi national door-to-door survey findings (2.07) and one-fourth of the US hospital reported @entity294 cases. This extremely low incidence in the hilly @entity1 may be due to hilly ecology, under reporting, low rate in the country or a combination of all. Further studies are needed in hilly areas of Bangladesh.

title: Does hilly ecology prevent childhood XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea', 'Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal diseases']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10476 of the @entity1494 are rare and tend to occur in an older age group than do their counterparts in bones and soft tissue. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of peripheral primitive @entity150 in a 67-year-old @entity1 of Arab origin. She had undergone transurethral resection followed by chemotherapy because of pulmonary metastasized muscle-invasive @entity957 in 2005. One year later, she first presented with a history of repeated @entity811 in our institution. Performing cystoscopy any @entity5 could be detected. Control cystoscopy two months later showed a @entity5 mass of 3 cm in diameter at another location than described for the first @entity5 . After perforating by transurethral resection partial bladder resection had to be done. Tissue specimen after pathological analysis revealed a @entity10476 with @entity5 cells reactive to cluster of differentiation 99, @entity3508 and @entity4483 protein and stained negative for other markers such as cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, @entity2283 , smooth muscle actin, chromogranin and leucocyte common antigen. Staging computerized tomography was especially free from any hint on organ metastasis, but the @entity1 died due to a cardiac problem only a few months later. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, we report the eighth case of bladder peripheral primitive @entity4969 in literature and the first concerning an Arab @entity1 . It is also the first presentation of a @entity10476 @entity1 with a history of @entity957 . As in other cases, expression of single-chain-type 1 glycoprotein and neural markers was positive and the disease was at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis.

title: Peripheral primitive XXXX in an Arab @entity1 with history of @entity957 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity10476 :: ('MESH:D018241', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor', 'Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor of the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['neuroectodermal tumor of the urinary bladder']


abstract: PURPOSE: The study investigated the therapeutic effect of single-agent IV weekly @entity1206 ( @entity1206 , Pierre Fabre Oncologie, Boulogne, France) a semi-synthetic vinca-alkaloid, in @entity1 who had received no prior treatment for advanced or metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 with assessable advanced or metastatic @entity0 who had received no prior chemotherapy were entered into the study. Fifty @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and response by WHO criteria; 4 @entity1 were not evaluated because they did not meet the eligibility criteria of the study. @entity1206 was given as a weekly 30 mg/m2 short IV infusion; and treatment was continued until disease progression or the occurrence of unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: The overall response rate was 50% (complete response 2%, partial response 48%). The response rate according to target was: lymph nodes 64%; liver 28%; lung 66%; local recurrence 60%. The median duration of response was 9 months, the median time to treatment failure was 5 months and the median survival was 15 months. @entity137 : Six-hundred thirty cycles were given to 54 @entity1 (53 assessable for tolerance). At least one episode of WHO grade 3/4 @entity3028 was seen in each of 71% of the @entity1 . Significant @entity1209 (WHO grade 3) was seen in less than 1% of cycles and other side effects were uncommon. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that @entity1206 has major single-agent anti- @entity5 activity as front-line therapy in advanced @entity0 . Given its excellent tolerance profile and low morbidity, it should be considered for inclusion in first-line combination chemotherapy regimens.

title: Phase II trial of weekly IV @entity1206 in first-line advanced XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'TOXICITY']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Vinorelbine', 'Navelbine']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A case undergoing conduit procedure for tetralogy of Fallot with @entity1146 was complicated postoperatively by @entity2259 due to non-fermentative Gram-negative rods and by disseminated @entity5642 . He was able to be cured without any sequela. The @entity1 was a 16-year-old male, who had undergone Blalock-Taussig @entity254 in his infancy. The present operation was carried out as follows: @entity1757 was closed with a Teflon-patch and discontinuity between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery was corrected using a Hancock's valved conduit. Two weeks after the operation, @entity1143 in the right chest cavity was shown by a chest X-ray film. On the 32nd postoperative day, high fever with chills occurred, and subsequently developed @entity3126 , @entity548 with @entity4125 . @entity796 , Flavobacterium and Alcaligenes faecalis were detected by the culture of @entity1143 . The platelet count decreased to about 10,000/microliters. @entity7911 , @entity2890 and @entity1214 were administered for the @entity281 , and heparin and aprotinin were used for disseminated @entity5642 . By these treatments for about 6 months, the @entity1 became well and was discharged without any sequela.

title: A case of @entity2259 and disseminated @entity5642 after the conduit procedure for tetralogy of Fallot with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['shock and hemorrhagic tendencies']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity7911 :: ('MESH:D002228', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbenicillin']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['pulmonary atresia']


abstract: A 50-year-old-male was admitted to our hospital in March 2007, complaining of cough and hemoptysis for 3 months. Postero-anterior chest X-ray showed an @entity231 on right upper zone. Computed tomography of the thorax showed a @entity66 occupying the right upper lobe and superior segment of the lower lobe and invading the mediastinum. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed total occlusion of the right upper lobe bronchus by the mass and infiltration of the bronchus intermedius. Bronchoscopic biopsies were nondiagnostic. PET-CT revealed SUVmax of 18.8. Right thoracotomy was performed. Vena cava superior and right pulmonary artery was invaded by the mass. Biopsies were performed. Histopathologic examination demonstrated an @entity6437 . Corticosteroid treatment was started. The @entity5 was clinically and radiologically unresponsive to corticosteroids. He was referred to oncology department for radiotherapy. The @entity1 died on November 2007.

title: A case of endobronchial XXXX invading the mediastinum.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3459 have long been associated with @entity29 . @entity1 , as well as adults, with both active and inactive @entity31 have been found to have @entity854 and fibrinolysis. @entity5642 arises from an overwhelming of the haemostatic regulatory mechanisms leading to an excessive generation of @entity556 and a failure of the normal inhibitory pathways to prevent systemic effects of this enzyme. @entity31 has been associated with @entity5642 in conjunction with @entity295 , toxic megacolon and surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: A fourteen-year-old @entity1 with a history of poorly controlled @entity31 presented with nonbilious emesis, @entity360 , and @entity811 . Laboratory workup revealed @entity5642 . He was placed on triple antibiotics therapy. An infectious workup came back negative. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed a marked thickening and irregularity of the bladder wall as well as wall thickening of the rectosigmoid, ascending, transverse, and descending colon. @entity1 's clinical status remained stable despite a worsening of laboratory values associated with @entity5642 . @entity1 was begun on high dose intravenous @entity230 with improvement of the @entity5642 laboratory values within 12 hours and resolution of disseminated @entity1003 within 4 days. A thorough infectious workup revealed no other causes to his @entity5642 . CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of hypercoagulable states associated with @entity31 varies from mild to severe. Although @entity5642 associated with @entity31 is usually related to @entity295 , toxic megacolon or surgery, we present a case of an @entity31 flare resulting in @entity5642 and a @entity1494 .

title: An unusual case of an @entity31 flare resulting in disseminated XXXX and a @entity1494 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'Patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder hematoma']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['Disorders of coagulation']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['Disseminated intravascular coagulation', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal coagulation']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['intravascular coagulopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of @entity8799 (NETs) so as to improve their understanding and diagnosis. METHODS: The data of 62 rectal NETs @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed to summarize their clinical characteristics. They were categorized into 3 types based on the level of histological differentiation. And the relationship of @entity5 size, histological type and @entity3 was examined. RESULTS: The clinical presentations of rectal NETs were atypical. The main clinical presentation was change in bowel habit (n=43, 69.4%); Ten cases (16.1%) were asymptomatic. Nine cases were found during routine digital rectal examination. In 57 cases (91.9%), the distance was within 8 cm from anorectal line. All @entity1 had single lesion without the presence of @entity4303 . 25.8% (16/62) had @entity1586 while 16.1% (10/62) synchronous @entity14 . Except for synchronous @entity14 (n=10), among 52 cases, there were 39 cases with @entity5 diameter <1 cm, the main type was type I; 7 cases with @entity5 diameter >2 cm, the main types were types II and III. The metastatic rates in three groups with @entity5 diameter <1 cm, 1-2 cm and >2 cm were 0, 33.3% and 71.4% respectively. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentations of rectal NETs are non-specific. Most cases are often single lesion without the presence of @entity4303 . The clinical process and prognosis of rectal NETs are closely related to @entity5 size, histological type, the presence of lymph node @entity3 and liver @entity3 . The routine digital rectal examination is the simplest and most effectively way of diagnosing rectal NETs. Colonoscopy is important in diagnosing the @entity5 and conducting a follow-up.

title: [Analysis on clinical characteristics of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['rectal neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous cancers', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity8799 :: (MESH:D018358,Disease) :: ['rectal neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: We measured the changes in heart rate (HR) variability estimated from the standard deviation of the R-R intervals to evaluate cardiac parasympathetic tone noninvasively before and during activation of muscle metaboreflex induced by postexercise @entity63 . Eight healthy male subjects performed sustained handgrip at 50% maximal @entity2472 followed by @entity432 . Mean arterial pressure, cardiac @entity64 volume, and ratio of cardiac preejection period to left ventricular ejection time ( @entity7216 ) were also measured. During the 2-min @entity432 after 60 s of handgrip with @entity16763 , HR variability and mean arterial pressure were significantly increased from baseline (54.4 +/- 6.1 to 80.1 +/- 12.8 ms and 81 +/- 1 to 99 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively) and @entity7216 was decreased from resting level of 0.404 +/- 0.022 to 0.363 +/- 0.036. During @entity432 and recovery, HR did not change from baseline level in any experiment. There was no influence of @entity432 itself or of cessation of exercise per se on any parameters. Although overall enhanced HR variability was seen, probably due to lower breathing frequency and larger tidal volume, similar results were also obtained from an experiment with controlled respiration, showing that the increase in HR variability was not due to the changes in tidal volume or breathing frequency during @entity432 . In conclusion, the HR variability is increased during activation of the muscle metaboreflex induced by postexercise @entity63 in @entity1 . This finding shows that the parasympathetic cardiac tone is enhanced during activation of the muscle metaboreflex in @entity1 and balances enhanced cardiac sympathetic activity to result in an unchanged HR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enhancement of parasympathetic cardiac activity during activation of muscle metaboreflex in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['muscle ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16763 :: ('MESH:D012120', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary respiration']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion', 'forearm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity1620 ( @entity1620 ) is associated with profound @entity32 in end-organs. @entity935 (DA) treatment reduces this inflammatory response, but the underlying mechanisms remain thus far largely unknown. In this study, we investigated if the anti-inflammatory effect of DA was related to hemodynamic stabilization and by which receptors it was mediated. @entity1620 was induced in F344 donor @entity35 . DA was given either before @entity1620 for 24 h or after @entity1620 induction during a definite time. Adrenergic or D-receptor blockers were administered to inhibit the receptor stimulation mediated by DA. Hemodynamic changes were recorded and kidneys were harvested after 6 h of @entity1620 . Mean arterial pressure was completely normalized by DA treatment. DA pretreatment before @entity1620 induction and treatment during @entity1620 both significantly inhibited the monocyte infiltration. The anti-inflammatory as well as its blood pressure stabilizing effect was abrogated by concomitant application of adrenergic receptor blockers. In contrast, concomitant application of D-receptor blockers only abrogated the anti-inflammatory effect, but did not affect blood pressure stabilization. In contrast, @entity4088 and adrenergic receptor blockers completely normalized the blood pressure, but did not affect renal @entity32 . Hence, DA might reduce @entity1620 -induced monocyte infiltration possibly by hemodynamic stabilization, D-receptor activation, or a combination of both.

title: XXXX treatment in brain-dead rats mediates anti-inflammatory effects: the role of hemodynamic stabilization and D-receptor stimulation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4088 :: ('MESH:D010479', 'Chemical') :: ['pergolide']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['Brain death', 'BD']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: @entity834 remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after colorectal surgery, especially with low anastomoses. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes of @entity1 who developed an @entity834 after low anterior resection of the rectum for @entity5 . An Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review of 89 consecutive @entity1 undergoing open low anterior resection with primary @entity254 for @entity5 of the mid/lower rectum at a single institution between January 2001 and December 2008 was performed. All @entity1 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Proximal diversion was performed in all @entity1 . Perioperative data were collected and analyzed with attention to management and outcomes after development of @entity834 . Nine @entity1 (10.1%) developed @entity834 . Mean age was 62 years. Mean @entity5 level was 4.8 cm above the anal verge. Symptomatic @entity834 developed in seven (78%) @entity1 . Percutaneous drainage was performed in five (55.6%) @entity1 with an average of 4.4 procedures required for management of @entity834 . Five (55.6%) @entity1 required reoperation. Only two procedures (25%) involved laparotomy. No operative procedures were performed emergently. There were no mortalities. Excluding one @entity1 who received completion proctectomy for local recurrence, restoration of intestinal continuity was achieved in five (63%) of eight @entity1 . Mean time to stoma closure was 289 days. The potentially lethal complication of @entity834 after low anterior resection for @entity5 can be managed expectantly and electively in @entity1 who are proximally diverted with the expectation of stoma reversal in the long term.

title: Outcomes of low anterior resection @entity834 after preoperative chemoradiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The mechanism of mucosa-specific formation of DNA adducts, which was found recently in @entity1 intestines, was studied in male F344 @entity35 treated with @entity20958 (IQ). There are three conceivable pathways for p.o. administered IQ to reach the target colonic mucosal cells: pathway 1, through the digestive canal which exposes from the lumenal direction; pathway 2, following enterohepatic circulation re-expose from the lumenal direction; and pathway 3, exposure via blood circulation. To investigate these possible pathways, the following surgical procedures were performed: (a) portal catheterization for IQ administration to eliminate pathway 1 and (b) choledochal catheterization for bile drainage to eliminate pathway 2. When both procedures are combined, only pathway 3 is active. Four types of IQ-DNA adducts were commonly observed in the colons of all experimental groups, with no qualitative difference between the mucosal and muscular layers. When IQ- @entity5828 was administered by p.o. gavage at a dose of 100 mumol/kg body weight, approximately 70% of the IQ-DNA adducts in the colonic mucosa (13.1 +/- 4.3 adducts/10(7) @entity2036 ) was induced through pathway 1. Pathway 3 induced the remaining 30% of mucosal adducts, producing equal adduct levels in both layers. Pathway 2 did not work for adduct formation. The DNA adduct formation was unaffected in the presence of intestinal flora, indicating that detoxified IQ does not reactivate by floral enzymes. In conclusion, mucosa-specific DNA adduct formation in the colon is caused most likely by the absorption of carcinogens through the lumen.

title: Mucosa-preferential DNA adduct formation by XXXX in the @entity35 colonic wall.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity20958 :: ('MESH:C029216', 'Chemical') :: ['2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline']

answer: @entity20958 :: (MESH:C029216,Chemical) :: ['2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the outcome of @entity1 who developed an isolated locoregional recurrence (LRR) involving the supraclavicular fossa ( @entity6723 ) after initial treatment with modified radical mastectomy and chemotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Records from 140 @entity0 @entity1 treated on five prospective trials with mastectomy and @entity632 -based chemotherapy, with or without radiation, who developed a LRR were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival times were calculated using date of LRR as time zero. RESULTS: The median follow-up after LRR was 2.9 years (N = 140; interquartile range, 1.3-6.6 years). In all, 47 of 140 @entity1 (34%) had an @entity6723 component to their LRR. These @entity1 had lower 3-y distant @entity3 -free survival (40% vs. 54%, p = 0.003) and overall survival (49% vs. 69%, p = 0.04) than @entity1 without an @entity6723 component. Multivariate analysis revealed that LRR involving an @entity6723 component (hazard ratio, 1.96, p = 0.004) and @entity1 with lymphovascular space invasion in their primary @entity5 (hazard ratio, 1.65, p = 0.029) were independently associated with a poor distant @entity3 -free survival. However, among 23 @entity1 with isolated @entity6723 recurrence, Overall survival was not statistically significantly different between isolated chest wall recurrence and isolated @entity6723 recurrence. @entity1 with isolated @entity6723 recurrence displayed a median follow-up of 3.3 years (IR, 1.2-5.2). Only 6 LRR of 23 @entity1 were treated with aggressive local therapy, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation (alone or in combination). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity0 recurrence with @entity6723 involvement carries a high risk of distant @entity3 and @entity204 , among @entity1 with recurrence limited to the @entity6723 alone, overall survival after isolated @entity6723 recurrence can be long (25% >5 years).

title: Long-term outcomes in @entity1 with isolated supraclavicular nodal recurrence after mastectomy and XXXX -based chemotherapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retrograde brain embolization from complex plaques of the proximal descending aorta (DAo) has been identified as a new potential mechanism of @entity64 . Our purpose was to identify predictors of increased retrograde aortic blood flow indicating an elevated risk of brain embolization from the DAo. METHODS: A total of 485 @entity1 with acute @entity385 were prospectively included and underwent transesophageal echocardiography. Blood flow velocities in the proximal DAo were studied using 2D pulse-wave Doppler ultrasound. Velocity-time integrals (VTI) were calculated for antegrade and retrograde velocity directions. The ratio (VTIretrograde/VTIantegrade) was used to estimate retrograde flow extent. Associations between @entity1 demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, echocardiographic parameters, and VTIratio were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Retrograde blood flow in the DAo occurred in all @entity1 . Velocity profiles in the proximal DAo were as follows (mean    SD): VTIantegrade = 21.1    6.5, VTIretrograde = 11.0    3.6, and VTIratio = 0.54    0.16. Diameter (r = 0.25, p < 0.001), presence of complex plaques (r = 0.12, p = 0.007), and reduced strain of the DAo (r = -0.23, p < 0.001) had significant partial effects in a predictor model based on predefined variables, which predicted 26% (adjusted R2 = 0.26) of the variance in VTIratio. A unit increase in the DAo diameter was associated with a 2% increase in VTIratio (95% CI 1-2.8%, p < 0.001). Presence of complex plaques increased VTIratio by 7% (95% CI 2-13%, p = 0.007) and an increase in strain by 0.1 indicated a decrease in VTIratio by about 11% (95% CI 6.2-15.5%, p < 0.001). Complex @entity1856 was found in the proximal DAo of 79 subjects, of which 40 (50.6%) had a VTIratio above average (VTIratio >= 0.54) compared to 87 of 261 (33.3%) @entity1 without any complex plaques (p < 0.001). Twenty-five of 79 (31.7%) @entity1 with complex DAo plaques had a VTIratio >= 0.60, which indicates a high likelihood of retrograde pathline length of >= 3 cm and thus increased risk of retrograde cerebral embolization. @entity64 etiology of those 25 @entity1 was determined in 13 and cryptogenic in 12 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde blood flow in the DAo was found in all @entity64 @entity1 . However, it increased further in @entity1 with concomitant complex plaques, @entity258 , and/or large aortic diameter, that is, in those with @entity731 of the DAo. Accordingly, such @entity1 may be predisposed to retrograde embolization in case of occurrence of a complex plaque in proximity to a brain-supplying artery.

title: XXXX Determines Increased Retrograde Blood Flow as a Potential Mechanism of Retrograde @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low strain']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Aortic Atherosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Communication between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is dependent on gap junctions and is regulated by the @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase. The @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase is therefore important for synchronized VSMCs oscillatory activity, i.e. vasomotion. The signaling between the @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase and gap junctions is unknown. We tested here the hypothesis that that this signaling involves @entity16887 . Intercellular communication was assessed by membrane capacitance measurements of electrically coupled VSMCs. Vasomotion in isometric myograph, input resistance and synchronized [ @entity141 ]i transients were used as readout for intercellular coupling in @entity35 mesenteric small arteries in vitro. Phosphorylation of @entity16887 and @entity10277 ( @entity10277 ) were semi-quantified by Western blotting. Micromole concentration of @entity7832 reduced the amplitude of @entity1063 -induced vasomotion and desynchronized @entity141 transients in VSMC in the arterial wall. @entity7832 also increased input resistance in the arterial wall. These effects of @entity7832 were antagonized by inhibition of @entity4149 phosphorylation with @entity670 , PP2 and by an inhibitor of the @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase-dependent @entity16497 activation, pNaKtide. Moreover, inhibition of @entity16497 phosphorylation increased vasomotion amplitude, and decreased the resistance between cells in the vascular wall. @entity7832 inhibited the electrical coupling between A7r5 cells, but pNaKtide restored the electrical coupling. @entity7832 increased @entity16497 autophosphorylation of @entity4149 418 (Y418) required for full catalytic activity while pNaKtide antagonized it. This @entity16497 activation was associated with @entity10277 phosphorylation of @entity4149 265 (Y265). Our findings demonstrate that @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase regulates intercellular communication in the vascular wall via @entity16497 -dependent @entity10277 @entity4149 phosphorylation.

title: @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase regulates intercellular communication in the vascular wall via XXXX dependent @entity10277 phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity7832 :: ('MESH:D010042', 'Chemical') :: ['Ouabain', 'ouabain']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity16887 :: (315707(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cSrc kinase']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management of optic chiasmatic @entity11 is controversial, partly related to failure to separate out those @entity5 involving the optic chiasm only (chiasmatic @entity5 ) from those also involving the hypothalamus ( @entity2339 ). The purpose of this study was: (i) to analyze the outcomes of chiasmatic and @entity2339 separately; and (ii) to determine the appropriateness of recommending radical surgical resection for the @entity2339 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all newly diagnosed @entity5 involving the optic chiasm from 1982-1996 at British Columbia's @entity1 's Hospital was performed. RESULTS: There were 32 @entity1 less than 16 years of age, 14 with chiasmatic and 18 with chiasmatic/hypothalamic @entity816 , with an average duration of follow-up of 5.8 years and 6.3 years, respectively. Ten of the @entity1 with chiasmatic @entity5 and none with @entity2339 had @entity1264 . Thirteen of the 14 chiasmatic @entity5 were managed with observation only, and none had progression requiring active intervention. For the @entity2339 , eight @entity1 had subtotal resections (>95% resection), six had partial resections (50-95%), three had limited resections (<50%), and one had no surgery. There were fewer complications associated with the limited resections, especially with respect to @entity1640 . There was no correlation between the extent of resection (subtotal, partial, or limited) and the time to @entity5 progression (average 18 months). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, chiasmatic and @entity2339 are different entities, which should be separated out for the purposes of any study. For the @entity2339 , there was more morbidity and no prolongation of time to progression when radical resections were compared to more limited resections. Therefore, if surgery is performed, it may be appropriate to do a surgical procedure that strives only to provide a tissue diagnosis and to decompress the optic apparatus and/or ventricular system.

title: Management of optic chiasmatic/hypothalamic @entity816 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis I']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['chiasmatic/hypothalamic tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity5 is regarded as the result of the accumulation of multiple genetic changes leading to either the activation of oncogenes and increased expression of mitogenic pathways or the inactivation of @entity5 suppressor genes. It was our interest to investigate malignant @entity43 with cytogenetic and molecular techniques to evaluate their consistent genetic alterations. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 30 short-term cultured @entity43 . Fifteen @entity5 revealed @entity2008 , 10 of which had very complex karyotypes. The most consistent finding was a 19p+ marker chromosome which was present in half of the cytogenetically abnormal @entity5 with @entity2008 . Four @entity5 showed structural rearrangements resulting in loss of 11p13-pter material. Parallel DNA extracts from 18 @entity5 samples and corresponding normal white blood cells were analyzed by Southern blotting using 4 polymorphic probes spanning the region 11p15.1 to 11p15.5 and one polymorphic probe mapped to 19p13. Regarding the 11p probes, reduction to homozygosity in the @entity5 DNA was found in 9 of 17 informative cases. Loss of 19p alleles was found in 5 of 13 informative @entity5 . Our findings suggest that @entity5 suppressor genes located on the short arms of chromosomes 11 and 19 are involved in the development of @entity1 @entity43 .

title: Recurrent @entity2008 and loss of constitutional heterozygosity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['clonal cytogenetic abnormalities', 'complex chromosome aberrations']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: To define practical use and to specify the ideal method for monitoring the liver @entity137 of @entity1500 in the management of @entity1569 . OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature regarding treatment modalities with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity1569 , risk of @entity1500 -mediated liver @entity82 and monitoring of hepatic @entity137 . METHODS: A systematic literature search was carried out in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from 1980 to 2010 searching for randomized controlled trials and observational studies on methods of administering @entity1500 in @entity1569 and risk factors and assessment of liver @entity137 . We limited the literature search to articles on @entity1 subjects over 19 years of age, articles in English or French on @entity1569 and articles including @entity5144 and original data. RESULTS: Among 949 references identified, 23 published studies were included. There were no studies focusing directly on the question of @entity1500 treatment modalities. Treatment outcome appears to be dose dependent. A single study in @entity309 showed the slightly superior efficacy of subcutaneous administration vs. oral dosing with a similar safety profile. Combination with @entity1501 may decrease the efficacy of @entity1500 while improving tolerability. The extreme variability of the incidence of @entity1575 in the literature does not allow the risk of @entity1575 to be quantified. @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity28 , were associated with a significant increased risk of liver @entity82 . @entity1956 and C and @entity167 consumption were associated with a modest and non-significant increased risk of liver @entity82 . Procollagen III for detection of @entity1575 dosing was the most extensively validated method to monitor liver @entity82 showing a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 91.5%. The Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value fluctuated depending on the prevalence of @entity1575 . The sensitivities of the FibroTest and the fibroscan were of 83 and 50%, respectively, with specific features amounting to 61 and 88% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on expert experience, the starting dose of @entity1500 is between 5 and 10 mg/week for the first week. Fast dose escalation is recommended in order to obtain a therapeutic target dose of 15-25 mg/week. The maximum recommended dose is 25 mg/week. A @entity1501 supplement is necessary. The initiation of treatment by oral administration is preferred. In cases where inadequate response is obtained or in the event of poor gastrointestinal tolerance, subcutaneous dosing can be proposed at the same dose. Published data do not confirm the incidence of @entity1575 . @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity28 appear to be significant risk factors in @entity82 . A combination of FibroTests and fibroscans together with measurement of the type III serum procollagen aminopeptide seem to be ideal method for monitoring liver @entity137 .

title: XXXX in @entity1569 : a systematic review of treatment modalities, incidence, risk factors and monitoring of liver @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: We conducted a randomized clinical trial in @entity1 with stage @entity263 to test whether @entity342 priming potentiates the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Eighty-five @entity1 with progressive @entity263 refractory to orchiectomy were treated continuously with @entity6239 and @entity701 to lower adrenal @entity342 secretion and were administered cyclic intravenous (IV) chemotherapy. The @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity342 priming or no additional treatment for three days before and on the day of chemotherapy. Median duration of follow-up was 43 months. Response rate (remission plus disease stabilization) was not significantly different between the stimulation and control arm when the analysis was restricted to evaluable @entity1 (79% v 73%, respectively) or when it was extended to all @entity1 (46% v 61%). Median duration of response was similar for the stimulation and control arm (9 and 10 months, respectively). Median survival was 10 months in the stimulation and 15 months in the control group (P = .0047). The @entity342 sensitivity of the @entity5 was supported by the greater @entity137 in the stimulation arm associated with @entity342 administration. Factors found to be independently associated with improved clinical outcome included a high Karnofsky score and hematocrit, long duration of response to the initial castration, and normalization of an elevated serum acid phosphatase on treatment. We conclude that in this group of @entity1 with @entity1442 , @entity342 priming does not potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy and is actually associated with a worse outcome. Furthermore, our data emphasize the heterogeneity of @entity263 .

title: @entity342 priming and chemotherapy in advanced XXXX : evaluation of determinants of clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['D2 prostate cancer', 'biologic behavior of prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: SH-SY5Y is a thrice cloned cell line originally derived from the @entity1 @entity521 cell line SK-N-SH. It grows well in serum-containing medium and undergoes neuritogenesis in response to several trophic factors. Because it has been reported that this clonal line does not have receptors for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), it has been unclear what the major mitogenic factor in serum is for these cells. In competitive binding studies using radiolabeled PDGF-BB, we found that SH-SY5Y cells specifically bind PDGF with a KD = 0.14 +/- 0.06 nM and Bmax = 7.3 +/- 2.3 pM. Functionality of these receptors was demonstrated by an increased @entity665 incorporation in response to PDGF (stimulation index = 2.5). At concentrations of PDGF-BB between 5 and 100 ng/ml, maximum stimulation occurred with 20 ng/ml. Maximum DNA synthesis occurred after 12-24-h exposure to PDGF. Gangliosides GM3 and GT1b greatly inhibited @entity665 incorporation, which was also inhibited to a lesser extent by GM1. Phosphorylation on @entity669 of a 170-kDa protein in response to PDGF stimulation of intact cells was demonstrated by western blot analysis probing with anti- @entity10393 antibody. Immunoprecipitation with anti- @entity6006 -receptor antibody and visualization on a western blot with an anti- @entity10393 antibody also revealed a 170-kDa protein. Maximum phosphorylation of the 170-kDa protein occurred after 5-min exposure to 20 ng/ml PDGF. This phosphorylation was inhibited by @entity7746 GM1, GM2, GD1a, and GT1b but not by GM3. Receptor dimerization was also inhibited by GM1. These results show that SH-SY5Y cells have specific receptors for PDGF-BB that are functional, and can be modulated by gangliosides.

title: Gangliosides inhibit platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated growth, receptor phosphorylation, and dimerization in XXXX SH-SY5Y cells.

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine', '[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Accurate clinical staging of mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) of @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is important in determining therapeutic options and prognoses. Integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning is becoming widely used for MLN staging in @entity1 with @entity1149 . We performed a bivariate meta-analysis to determine the pooled sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE) of this imaging modality. METHODS: The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and SpringerLink databases were searched for articles related to PET/CT for MLN staging in @entity1 with @entity1149 . SEN and SPE were calculated for every study. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarize overall test performance and assess study quality. Potential between-study heterogeneity was explored by subgroup analyses. RESULTS: Fourteen of 330 initially identified reports were included in the meta-analysis. When we did not consider the unit of analysis, the pooled weighted SEN and SPE were 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.79) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.94), respectively. In the @entity1 -based data analysis, the pooled weighted SEN was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.65-0.84) and the pooled weighted SPE was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82-0.92). In the MLN-based data analysis, the pooled SEN was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56-0.78) and the pooled SPE was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Integrated PET/CT is a relatively accurate noninvasive imaging technique, with excellent specificity for MLN staging in @entity1 with @entity1149 . Nevertheless, current evidence suggests that we should not depend on the results of PET/CT completely for MLN staging in @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Diagnostic performance of integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography for mediastinal lymph node staging in XXXX : a bivariate systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A reliable predictor for early recovery of @entity1662 in @entity772 @entity1 is of great clinical significance. Here we aimed to investigate the potentially prognostic value of electroencephalogram-reactivity (EEG-R) in combination with sleep spindles, termed EEG-awakening, for behavioral awakening in etiologically diverse @entity772 @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a prospectively observational study on a sample of @entity1 , all of whom were in @entity772 lasting longer than 3  days. Continuous EEG monitoring was performed for at least 24  h to detect the presence of EEG-R and sleep spindles. We then followed @entity1 for 1  month to determine their subsequent level of @entity1662 , classifying them as either awakened or non-awakened. Finally, Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess the association of predictors with @entity1662 recovery. RESULTS: One hundred and six @entity1 with different etiologies leading to @entity772 were included in the study. Of these, 48 @entity1 (45.3  %) awoke and 58 @entity1 (54.7  %) did not awake in the month after the onset of the study. Of note, 26 @entity1 (24.5  %) had a good neurological outcome, and 31 @entity1 (29.3  %) died. Univariate analysis revealed that the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score, EEG-R, sleep spindles, and EEG-awakening were all associated with one-month awakening. Comparisons of the area under the receiving operator characteristic curve (AUC) showed that EEG-awakening (0.839; 0.757-0.921) was superior to all of the following: EEG-R (0.798; 0.710-0.886), sleep spindles (0.772; 0.680-0.864), and GCS scores (0.720; 0.623-0.818). However, age, gender, etiology, and pupillary light reflex did not correlate significantly with one-month awakening. Further logistic regression analysis showed that only EEG-awakening and GCS scores at study entry were significant independent predictors of awakening and that the prognostic model containing these two variables yielded an outstanding predictive performance with an AUC of 0.903. CONCLUSIONS: EEG-awakening incorporates both EEG-R and sleep spindles and is an excellent predictor for early behavioral awakening in @entity772 @entity1 . The prognostic model combining EEG-awakening and GCS scores shows an outstanding discriminative power for awakening.

title: Predictive value of EEG-awakening for behavioral awakening from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Coma', 'coma', 'comatose']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the paper is to report the clinical outcome after @entity1069 ( @entity1069 ) in 13 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2012 to October 2013, we performed @entity1069 in 13 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 75.9  years) with @entity1067 and LUTS and refractory to medical therapy; seven @entity1 had an indwelling bladder catheter. Clinical follow-up (mean follow-up time 244  days) was performed using the international prostate symptoms score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), the international index of erectile function (IIEF), blood prostatic specific antigen (PSA) testing and transrectal prostatic ultrasound (US) scan with volume and weight calculation at 3, 6 and 12  months. Pre-procedural CT angiography (CTA) was done for vascular mapping. Embolisation was performed using Embosphere (300-500 micron). Technical success was defined when selective prostatic arterial embolisation was completed in at least one pelvic side. Clinical success was defined when symptoms and quality of life were improved. RESULTS: @entity1069 was technically successful in 12/13 @entity1 (92  %). In one @entity1 , @entity1069 was not performed because of tortuosity and @entity731 of iliac arteries. @entity1069 was completed bilaterally in 9/13 (75  %) @entity1 and unilaterally in three (27  %). All @entity1 removed the bladder catheter from 4  days to 4  weeks after @entity1069 . We obtained a reduction in IPSS (mean, 17.1 points), an increase in IIEF (mean, 2.6 points), an improvement in Qol (mean, 2.6 points) and a @entity353 (mean, 28  %) at 12  months. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the literature, our experience showed the feasibility, safety and efficacy of @entity1069 in the management of @entity1 with LUTS related to @entity1067 . @entity1069 may play an important role in @entity1 in whom medical therapy has failed, who are not candidates for surgery or transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) or refuse any surgical treatment. Larger case series and comparative studies with standard TURP can confirm the validity of the technique.

title: Prostatic artery embolization in @entity1067 : preliminary results in 13 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['PAE', 'prostatic artery embolisation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The pathologic findings in 1,390 consecutive @entity1 who had bone marrow examinations at Nashville Veterans Administration Hospital from 1977 through 1979 were reviewed. Seventy-three @entity1 who did not meet diagnostic criteria for a @entity18782 ( @entity18782 ) and 11 @entity1 with @entity18782 had, on marrow particle preparations: (1) at least three @entity706 and (2) suitable material available for immunoperoxidase studies with monoclonal antibodies @entity5855 (CD45RO, pan T cell) and @entity16601 ( @entity2225 , pan B cell). Staining with @entity5855 was difficult to interpret due to high background positivity in myeloid elements. With @entity16601 , three distinct patterns of lymphocyte marking were identified within aggregates: (1) homogeneous--uniform marking of almost all lymphocytes; (2) mixed--even distribution of marking and nonmarking lymphocytes; (3) and focal homogeneous--collections of uniformly marking lymphocytes either surrounding or surrounded by nonmarking lymphocytes. A homogeneous marking pattern was the predominant pattern in 8 of 11 @entity1 (73%) with @entity18782 . Only 6 of 73 @entity1 without overt @entity18782 marked in a homogeneous pattern, and these were always associated with aggregates with other staining patterns. All @entity1 with apparently non-neoplastic lymphoid infiltrates had mixed (67 of 73) or focal homogeneous (32 of 73) patterns of aggregate marking, whereas only 5 of 11 @entity1 (45%) with extramarrow @entity18782 had aggregates with these patterns. The size and number of aggregates with a homogeneous marking pattern further helped discriminate between the @entity1 with @entity18782 and those with apparently non-neoplastic @entity706 . These findings suggest that a homogeneous pattern of lymphoid aggregate staining with @entity16601 is more common in @entity1 with @entity18782 than in those @entity1 with @entity706 and no evidence of @entity5 . Paraffin immunoperoxidase staining with @entity16601 may be a helpful adjunct to histopathologic examination in evaluating marrow @entity706 .

title: Differentiation of reactive from neoplastic small-cell @entity706 in paraffin-embedded marrow particle preparations using @entity16601 ( @entity2225 ) and XXXX (CD45RO) monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid aggregates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity18782 :: ('MESH:D018228', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lymphoid neoplasm', 'SCLN']

answer: @entity5855 :: (7345,Gene) :: ['UCHL-1']


abstract: A 6 month open trial of @entity205 (CyA) was conducted in 20 @entity1 with active @entity309 unresponsive to second line therapy. The dosage was monitored to achieve a serum blood level of 75-150 ng/ml. A 25% reduction in ARA joint count (baseline mean 38.2; 6 month or time of CyA withdrawal mean 28.7; p less than 0.001) was observed for all @entity1 . Fifteen completed the 6 month CyA regimen and 5 developed @entity137 requiring CyA to be permanently withdrawn. For the 15 @entity1 completing 6 months of CyA, improvement was 36% (baseline 34.7; 6 month mean 22.2; p less than 0.001). Corresponding improvements were also observed on the other main study outcomes of @entity158 and functional ability. Improvement occurred between 12-20 weeks, somewhat later than in other studies. @entity137 included mild @entity101 (4 @entity1 ) and gastrointestinal intolerance (2). Three @entity1 were withdrawn from CyA due to nephrotoxicity. There was a clinically significant reduction in calculated creatinine clearance but this returned to baseline within 6 months after CyA was withdrawn for all except 2 @entity1 who took 12 months to return to baseline.

title: Low dose @entity205 in XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis and management of @entity308 is important for better therapeutic outcome. Strategies for distinguishing between @entity162 are yet to be defined, resulting improper management. This study aims at comparing the socio-demographic and other variables between @entity1 with @entity162 , along with assessment of severity of @entity308 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care psychiatry hospital in North-East India. The study included total of 330 subjects selected through purposive sampling technique from outpatient department after obtaining due informed consent. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) version 6.0 and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were applied. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was applied for analysis. RESULTS: Bipolar group had onset of illness at significantly younger age with more chronicity (32.85    11.084). Mean BDI score was significantly higher in the unipolar depressive group. CONCLUSION: Careful approach in eliciting symptom severity and associated socio demographic profiles in @entity308 @entity1 may be helpful in early diagnosis of @entity162 .

title: Sociodemographic Correlates of XXXX in North-East India: A Cross-sectional Study.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depression', 'unipolar and bipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Unipolar and Bipolar Depression']


abstract: The biological properties and @entity3 of two sublines of the @entity2 (3LL) which have maintained a stable pattern of organ-selective @entity3 have been studied. Subline M-3LL, a lung-specific variant which originated from a lung @entity3 of the parent line, metastasized only to the lung following injection of 10(4)-10(6) @entity5 cells i.v. or s.c. Lymphatic @entity3 of this @entity5 were rarely detected. Subline H-3LL which was developed from a rare, spontaneous hepatic @entity3 of the parent line metastasized primarily to the liver, but pulmonary @entity3 have also been observed. While it grew at local s.c. sites, this @entity5 metastasized to the regional lymph nodes draining the @entity5 site, as determined by histology and by bioassay of the lymph nodes following their grafting into new recipient animals. Histologically, the two lines were indistinguishable with the exception of a higher incidence of giant cells detected in tissue sections and culture monolayers of the liver-colonizing variant H-3LL. Ten clones derived from each of the variant lines were expanded in vitro and inoculated i.v. While none of the ten clones derived from line M-3LL gave rise to extrapulmonary @entity3 , nine of ten clones derived from Tumor H-3LL gave rise to hepatic @entity3 . Highly metastatic clones selected from each @entity5 were subsequently used to study the patterns of distribution and arrest of @entity5 cells following their inoculation i.v. No correlation could be found between the initial distribution of the @entity5 cells and the organ selectivity eventually noted in the site of the @entity3 .

title: Characterization of two highly metastatic variants of XXXX with different organ specificities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'radiolabeled tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity167 is well established as a risk factor for @entity5 development in many organ sites. To assess the reliability and validity of the @entity167 Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C) for detecting @entity167 use disorders or risky drinking in Japanese adults the present study was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A test-retest method was applied with a 2-week interval with 113 health care employees. The k coefficient, Cronbach's coefficient alpha, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were determined and the validity of the AUDIT-C was analyzed using the data from a nationwide survey on adult @entity167 use conducted in 2008 (n=4,123). RESULTS: The reliability of the AUDIT-C score was high (??coefficient=0.63, Cronbach's alpha=0.98, correlation coefficient=0.95, and ICC=0.95). According to the likelihood ratio and Youden index, appropriate cutoffs for the AUDIT-C were >=  5points in @entity1 and >= 4 points in @entity1 . The sensitivity and specificity of these cutoffs for identifying >= 8 points on the AUDIT were 0.88 and 0.80, respectively, for @entity1 (positive likelihood ratio [LR+]=4.5) and 0.96 and 0.87, respectively, for @entity1 (LR+=7.7). The sensitivity and specificity of the cutoffs for identifying >=  12 points on the AUDIT were 0.90 and 0.84, respectively, for @entity1 (LR+=5.8) and 0.93 and 0.94, respectively, for @entity1 (LR+=15.8). The sensitivity and specificity of the cutoffs for identifying >=  16 points on the AUDIT were 0.93 and 0.80, respectively, for @entity1 (LR+=4.7) and 0.92 and 0.98, respectively, for @entity1 (LR+=55.6). With higher scores on the AUDIT, the specificity decreased and false-positives increased. The appropriate cutoffs for identifying risky drinking were the same for both genders. CONCLUSIONS: The reliability and validity of the AUDIT-C are high, indicating that it is useful for identifying @entity167 use disorders or risky drinking among the general population in Japan, a group at high risk of @entity5 development.

title: Reliability and validity of the XXXX use disorders identification test - consumption in screening for adults with @entity167 use disorders and risky drinking in Japan.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The clinical, histopathological, and immunophenotypic characteristics of four cases of @entity5 -associated @entity12908 (MMR) and one case each of diffuse @entity7255 (DCR) and @entity12909 ( @entity12909 ), are reviewed. In all four cases of MMR the cutaneous lesions and joint manifestations were judged to be concurrent with the diagnosis of @entity5 . @entity5 observed included one case each of @entity788 , @entity957 of the lung, @entity320 and intraperitoneal grade 4 mucinous @entity420 of uncertain origin. Histologically, all six cases demonstrated the typical changes of a diffuse histiocytic and multinucleated giant cell infiltrate with ground-glass cytoplasm, predominantly in the upper dermis. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed strong cytoplasmic staining with KP-1 ( @entity469 ) in all six cases. Prominent membrane staining was noted with leucocyte common antigen ( @entity1195 ) in four cases (three MMR and one @entity12909 ), and CD3 in four cases (three MMR and one @entity12909 ). Weak membrane staining with Leu 22 ( @entity12910 ) was noted in two MMR cases. @entity5855 (CD45RO), L26 ( @entity2225 ), S-100 and BerH2 stains were all uniformly negative. A prominent number of perilesional factor XIIIa-positive dermal dendrocytes were noted in the single case of @entity12909 , in contrast with the other five cases. We conclude that MMR, DCR and @entity12909 are histopathologically and immunohistochemically similar. The pattern of immunoreactivity observed is consistent with a monocyte-macrophage origin of the infiltrating @entity5 cells. We emphasize the paraneoplastic association of @entity12908 , which we have observed in four of 13 such cases (31%) evaluated at our institution.

title: Malignancy-associated XXXX : a clinical, histological and immunophenotypic study.

entities_list: @entity12909 :: ('MESH:D015616', 'Disease') :: ['isolated reticulohistiocytoma', 'IR']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'Malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7255 :: ('MESH:D018366', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity12908 :: ('MESH:D031845', 'Disease') :: ['multicentric reticulohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity12908 :: (MESH:D031845,Disease) :: ['multicentric reticulohistiocytosis']


abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the site-specific effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) in @entity1 with @entity304 . Methods: Twenty @entity1 with @entity304 and @entity6556 were included. A single session of 10 Hz rTMS was applied over three different cortical regions of the dominant hemisphere: the primary motor cortex of the lower leg (M1-LL), the supplementary motor area (SMA), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We also performed sham stimulation as a control. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Turn Steps and Turn Time in 180   turning, Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III, @entity6556 Questionnaire ( @entity6556 -Q), and motor evoked potential (MEP) studies were performed before and after each intervention. Results: There were significant improvements in TUG test times after rTMS over the M1-LL and the DLPFC. Improvement was significantly greater after the M1-LL stimulation than sham condition. The M1-LL and DLPFC stimulation also resulted in significant improvements in both the number of Turn Steps and Turn Time. UPDRS-III scores were significantly decreased after the M1-LL and DLPFC stimulation. Conclusions: Use of 10 Hz rTMS on the M1-LL and DLPFC is therapeutically effective for @entity6556 in @entity1 with @entity304 .

title: Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on freezing of gait in XXXX with @entity304 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effect of @entity6319 upon organelles of @entity35 sperm was investigated by light and electron microscopy. The drug was administered s.c. for 2 to 30 days at 20 mg/kg BW/day. Sperm from the testis, caput, corpus, and @entity1971 were examined at regular intervals, during and after treatment, for periods extending up to 70 days. The drug induced a specific effect in the sperm tail. It consisted of segmental @entity3894 of the mitochondrial sheath observed in high incidence in testicular and epididymal sperm. This @entity75 , in the authors' view, predisposed a development of secondary lesions as sperm advanced along the epididymis. Secondary lesions included bulging, dislocating, fraying, or breaking of axial fibers, bending or breaking of the tail, and @entity12644 . A minimum of 3 days of treatment was necessary to produce an effect above control values, while 9 days or longer induced lesions in almost all sperm. Motility ceased with 30 days of treatment. Fertilizing capacity was inversely related to the @entity8 .

title: Segmental @entity3894 of the mitochondrial sheath and sequelae induced by XXXX in @entity35 spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['increase and decline of lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity6319 :: ('MESH:D006072', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol']

entities_list: @entity12644 :: ('MESH:D049248', 'Disease') :: ['decapitation']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda epididymis']

answer: @entity6319 :: (MESH:D006072,Chemical) :: ['gossypol']


abstract: Cellular @entity844 uptake is facilitated by a number of @entity844 transporters, FAT/ @entity4210 , @entity23467 and @entity23468 . It had been presumed that @entity23467 , was confined to the plasma membrane and was not regulated. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that @entity23467 and @entity23468 are also present in intracellular depots in cardiac myocytes. While we confirmed previous work that insulin and @entity2364 each induced the translocation of FAT/ @entity4210 from an intracellular depot to the PM, only @entity2364 , but not insulin, induced the translocation of @entity23467 . Moreover, neither insulin nor @entity2364 induced the translocation of @entity23468 . Importantly, the increased plasmalemmal content of these LCFA transporters was associated with a concomitant increase in the initial rate of @entity2365 uptake into cardiac myocytes. Specifically, the insulin-stimulated increase in the rate of @entity2365 uptake (+60%) paralleled the insulin-stimulated increase in plasmalemmal FAT/ @entity4210 (+34%). Similarly, the greater @entity2364 -stimulated increase in the rate of @entity2365 uptake (+90%) paralleled the @entity2364 -induced increase in both plasmalemmal proteins (FAT/ @entity4210 (+40%)+ @entity23467 (+36%)). Inhibition of @entity2365 uptake with the specific FAT/ @entity4210 inhibitor SSO indicated that @entity23467 interacts with FAT/ @entity4210 at the plasma membrane to facilitate the uptake of @entity2365 . In conclusion, (1) there appears to be tissue-specific sensitivity to insulin-induced @entity23468 translocation, as it has been shown elsewhere that insulin induces @entity23468 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and (2) clearly, the subcellular distribution of @entity23467 , as well as FAT/ @entity4210 , is acutely regulated in cardiac myocytes, although @entity23467 and FAT/ @entity4210 do not necessarily respond identically to the same stimuli.

title: The subcellular compartmentation of XXXX transporters is regulated differently by insulin and by @entity2364 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes between anterior versus conventional approach right hepatectomy for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: A total of 188 consecutive @entity1 with large @entity157 ( > or =5 cm) undergoing right hepatectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Among them, 92 @entity1 received anterior approach right hepatectomy (anterior group) while the other conventional right hepatectomy (conventional group). Their clinicopathologic data and survivals were compared. RESULTS: There were five surgical deaths (2.7%), two in the anterior group and three in the conventional group. The biochemical and @entity5 pathological data (except for @entity5 size) of these two groups were comparable. The mean intraoperative @entity190 , the number of @entity1 with @entity548 ( >3000 ml) and the volume of blood transfusion of the anterior group were markedly less than those of conventional group. The 1-, 3-year disease-free survival rates of the anterior group were significantly better than those of the conventional group (56.2%, 30.9% vs. 39.1%, 13.0%, P = 0.043). The 1- _ 3-year cumulative survival rates of the anterior group were also markedly higher than those of conventional group. The Cox regression model indicated that @entity5 size [P = 0.014, odd ratio (OD) = 1.074] and surgical procedure (P = 0.009, OD = 0. 468) were independent risk factors correlated with disease-free survival. And the surgical procedure (P = 0.003, OD = 0.369) was the only independent risk factor for postoperative cumulative survival. CONCLUSION: Anterior approach right hepatectomy can significantly decrease intraoperative @entity190 . The postoperative survivals of large @entity157 @entity1 are significantly improved by anterior approach right hepatectomy.

title: [A comparative study of anterior versus conventional approach right hepatectomy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'large hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['large hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed @entity356 (DGE) is a common complication after pancreatoduodenectomy. The International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) definition of DGE has not been evaluated and validated in a high-volume centre. METHODS: Complete data sets including assessment of @entity356 were identified from a database of @entity1 undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy between 2001 and 2008. Factors associated with DGE (grades A, B and C) were assessed by univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: DGE occurred in 340 (44.5 per cent) of 764 @entity1 . Median hospital stay was significantly prolonged in @entity1 with DGE: 13, 21 and 40 days for grades A, B and C respectively versus 11 days for @entity1 without DGE. DGE was associated with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) admission (at least 2 days): 20.6, 28.6 and 61.8 per cent of those with grades A, B and C respectively versus 9.4 per cent of @entity1 without DGE. Factors independently influencing DGE grade A were female sex, preoperative @entity712 and major complications (grade III-V). Validation of the DGE definition revealed that DGE grades A and B were associated with interventional treatment in 20.1 and 44.4 per cent of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The ISGPS DGE definition is feasible and applicable in @entity1 with an uneventful postoperative course. @entity260 and ICU treatment, however, might limit its usefulness. The identified risk factors for DGE are not amenable to perioperative improvement.

title: Evaluation of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery definition of delayed XXXX after pancreatoduodenectomy in a high-volume centre.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Major postoperative complications']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric emptying']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity340 may present with or contract @entity177 . High intravesical pressure that is transmitted to the upper urinary tract in utero is a likely contributing cause. We have identified 3 anatomical associations with @entity340 that provide a pressure "pop-off" mechanism resulting in preservation of better renal function: 1) the syndrome of @entity340 , unilateral @entity3025 and @entity8 ; 2) large @entity1494 and 3) urinary extravasation with or without urinary ascites. Followup of 71 @entity1 with @entity340 was sufficient to permit long-term analysis. Serum @entity1011 was used as an index of renal function and prognosis. Of the 71 @entity1 20 (28 per cent) had 1 of the 3 protective mechanisms. Only 1 @entity1 (5 per cent) had a serum @entity1011 greater than 1.0 mg. per cent. Of the remaining 51 @entity1 without a "pop-off" mechanism 20 (39 per cent) had serum @entity1011 greater than 1.0 mg. per cent and 7 had already progressed to renal dialysis and/or transplantation. The difference in serum @entity1011 was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Thus, the syndrome of @entity340 , unilateral @entity3025 and @entity8 ; large @entity1494 and urinary extravasation can serve as a "pop-off" mechanism to buffer high pressures in the urinary tract and to lead to the preservation of better renal function in @entity1 with @entity340 .

title: Protective factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'Patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['congenital bladder diverticula', 'congenital type bladder diverticula']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral valves']


abstract: We used a radioenzymatic method to determine plasma levels of free and total (free plus sulfoconjugated) @entity1063 and @entity935 in 20 @entity1 with @entity521 (two were @entity101 ), seven @entity1 with @entity1911 , and 39 normotensive controls (24 @entity1 and 15 adults). No significant differences were noted between the two control groups. @entity1 with @entity521 and @entity1911 showed significantly higher levels of free and total @entity1063 than controls (p less than 0.01), and those with @entity1911 had higher levels than those with @entity521 (p less than 0.01). Although the differences were not statistically significant, free @entity935 was higher in both groups of @entity1 than in controls. Total @entity935 was significantly higher in @entity1 than in controls (p less than 0.01). A positive correlation was noted between levels of total @entity1063 and total @entity935 in controls (r = 0.41, p less than 0.05) and in @entity1 with @entity521 (r = 0.72, p less than 0.001). Such a correlation was not found in @entity1 with @entity1911 . The total @entity935 /total @entity1063 ratio was higher (p less than 0.005) in @entity1 with @entity521 than in controls and @entity1 with @entity1911 . @entity1 with @entity1911 had significantly lower ratios than the other groups (p less than 0.001). A negative correlation was found between the ratios in the different groups and either @entity551 . Our results not only support a role for plasma @entity935 in the regulation of blood pressure but also suggest that, regardless of the actual levels of both @entity2661 , a balance has to be achieved in order to maintain normal blood pressure levels.

title: Total plasma XXXX / @entity1063 ratio in catecholamine-secreting tumors. Its relation to @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic (p less than 0.001) or diastolic (p less than 0.001) blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing incidence of ascending @entity2334 , their pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the biological pathways of genes that are expressed differentially in ascending @entity449 . METHODS: Aneurysm wall tissues were obtained from @entity2334 during their repair and normal thoracic aortas from organ transplant @entity1 . The differential expression of genes was analyzed by NimbleGen microarrays. The biological pathways and processes were identified using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway analysis and gene ontology analysis. RESULTS: Among 45,034 genes, 95 were differentially expressed (>two-fold change compared with control). A total of 76 genes were up-regulated and 19 genes were down-regulated in @entity1 with ascending @entity439 . Analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways revealed 26 biologically functional pathways in the following categories: focal adhesion, cell junctions, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, T-cell-receptor signaling pathway, B-cell-receptor signaling pathway, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Differentially expressed genes were associated with 123 different gene ontology biological processes: transport, signal transduction, inflammatory response, chemotaxis, and immune response. CONCLUSION: We identified that differentially expressed genes are associated with the pathways that are mainly involved in interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix, and with immune function. The reported data provide useful information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of ascending @entity449 .

title: Integration of gene-expression profiles and pathway analysis in ascending XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Every year there are 270 million clinical attacks of @entity311 and 2 million deaths, caused by the protozoan @entity3964 . Most of these cases occur in Africa. @entity503 -resistance has led to reliance on anti-malarial antifolates, in particular the synergistic combination @entity9230 / @entity4765 (S/P) which targets enzymatic synthesis of @entity1501 co-factors through @entity9795 synthase (DHPS) and @entity9796 reductase (DHFR). Resistance to S/P is now increasing and replacement antimalarials are needed. Crystal structures are not yet available for these key enzymes in the @entity1501 pathway. This review focuses on the activity of drugs on DHFR in @entity311 parasites, attempts to interpret differences in activity of @entity4765 and its related drugs, and to clarify how residue changes due to point mutations determine the development of resistance. In homology-modelled @entity3964 DHFR (PfDHFR), the typical structure of four alpha-helices, 8-stranded beta-sheet, four Loops and eight Turns is clearly seen. Long polar sequences specific for @entity3964 are inserted in Turns 1 and 2. Structures immediately concerned in drug binding are beta-A, L1, alpha-B, alpha-C, T-3, beta-E, alpha-F, and beta-F. The roles of several mutations associated with resistance are discussed. In view of sequence differences in turn 3 in PfDHFR and in the @entity1 enzyme, and the marked interaction with residues of T3 of the experimental flexible antifolate @entity9797 effective in @entity4765 and @entity9798 resistance, further drug development in this area is indicated.

title: Resistance to antifolates in @entity3964 , the causative agent of tropical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9795 :: ('MESH:C000978', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropteroate']

entities_list: @entity9798 :: ('MESH:C026009', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloguanil']

entities_list: @entity9230 :: ('MESH:D013413', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']