abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent studies, benefit has been shown for @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and @entity460 antagonists over a beta-blocker in @entity101 , through a greater reduction in aortic than brachial systolic and pulse pressure. No data are available on diuretics, even though these are the preferred initial treatment of @entity1 with mild @entity101 . METHODS: In this study, 101 @entity1 with mild essential @entity101 were randomly assigned to an 8-week period of monotherapy with @entity4688 10 mg a day or @entity7486 2.5 mg a day. Central as well as brachial systolic, augmented, and pulse pressure were determined using SphygmoCor, as in the REASON and CAFE trials. RESULTS: @entity4688 and @entity7486 reduced brachial systolic, diastolic, mean and pulse pressure to the same extent, and the heart rate was unchanged. Although there was no difference in brachial pressure with @entity4688 and @entity7486 , @entity4688 caused a greater fall in estimated aortic systolic, and pulse pressures. The augmentation index, an index of wave reflection, fell from 33.7 to 28.3% with @entity4688 but was unchanged with @entity7486 . CONCLUSION: Results infer a reduction in wave reflection with @entity4688 , causing a fall in aortic pressure augmentation, and a corresponding fall in aortic systolic and pulse pressure. These were not apparent from brachial cuff measurements. Results show that a diuretic, like a beta-blocker agent, is not as effective a therapy as an @entity1289 inhibitor in reducing aortic systolic and pulse pressure, and that the difference is not attributable to a change in heart rate.

title: Superior effect of an XXXX inhibitor over a diuretic for reducing aortic systolic pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective single-center study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the recovery of motor function and the early complications in @entity1 with acute cervical @entity1566 after receiving a high dose of @entity8313 (MPSS) within 8 hours of injury. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: High-dose MPSS therapy has been demonstrated to improve the neurologic recovery in @entity1 with acute @entity1566 . However, it remains a controversial treatment. METHODS: Seventy @entity1 were included in this study: 37 in the MPSS group who were treated with MPSS within 8 hours of their injury according to the Second National Acute @entity1566 Study protocol, and 33 in non-MPSS group who were not administered with MPSS. Improvements in the American @entity3510 Association motor score were compared between the MPSS group and the non-MPSS group. In @entity1 with complete motor loss at admission and follow-up periods, improvements of myotomal levels between the MPSS (n = 15) and non-MPSS groups (n = 21) were compared. Early complications within 6 weeks of high-dose MPSS therapy were compared with those of no MPSS therapy. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 with incomplete @entity912 at admission, the American @entity3510 Association motor scores in the MPSS group were improved more significantly than those in the non-MPSS group at 6 weeks and 6 months after injury. Meanwhile, among the @entity1 with complete @entity912 at admission, the @entity1 in the MPSS group did not show significantly more change in motor score than those in the non-MPSS group. Improvement in myotomal level had no significant difference between the MPSS and non-MPSS groups. The MPSS group had 10 @entity1 with early complications, while the non-MPSS group had 14. The differences between the 2 groups showed no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: MPSS should be administered to @entity1 with incomplete cervical @entity1566 according to the Second National Acute @entity1566 Study protocol.

title: Effects of the Second National Acute @entity1566 Study of high-dose methylprednisolone therapy on acute cervical XXXX in @entity3510 center.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity8313 :: ('MESH:D008776', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone sodium succinate']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury-results']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Right-sided circulatory failure resulting from severe preoperative @entity120 is a source of mortality early after cardiac transplantation. We undertook the present study (1) to analyze the association of elevated pulmonary hemodynamic indices with 30-day mortality, (2) to define threshold ranges associated with an increase in 30-day mortality, and (3) to evaluate the effect of vasodilator reversibility on 30-day mortality. METHODS: Preoperative hemodynamic profiles were evaluated in 476 @entity1 who ultimately underwent cardiac transplantation. From these data, receiver-operating characteristic curves and stratum-specific likelihood ratios were generated to compare the efficacy of each hemodynamic index. A subset of @entity1 with elevated hemodynamic profiles at baseline additionally underwent graded @entity1854 infusion. RESULTS: Analysis of receiver-operating characteristic curves demonstrated no statistically significant difference among the indices in their ability to predict 30-day mortality. Analysis of stratum-specific likelihood ratios demonstrated three risk strata that correlated with significant differences in 30-day mortality, with @entity1 in the high-risk stratum having a 3.2 to 4.4 increase in odds of 30-day mortality when compared with @entity1 in the low-risk stratum. Nitroprusside data demonstrated that although 30-day mortality was better in @entity1 with reversible @entity120 than in those with fixed @entity120 , it was not comparable with that of @entity1 without @entity120 at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Candidates for cardiac transplantation may be categorized into three risk strata on the basis of their preoperative pulmonary hemodynamic profile; the association of this profile with 30-day mortality is not linear. Reversibility with @entity1854 appears to confer some improvement in the risk of 30-day mortality, but it may not eliminate the risk entirely.

title: Reevaluating the significance of XXXX before cardiac transplantation: determination of optimal thresholds and quantification of the effect of reversibility on perioperative mortality.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside', 'sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate @entity32 reporting in capsule endoscopy (CE) is important for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a highly specific biomarker of gut @entity32 . @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) was developed to standardize quantification of @entity32 in small-bowel (SB) CE images. GOALS: Multicenter retrospective study aiming to investigate correlation between @entity1832 and FC in a large group of @entity1 undergoing CE for suspected or known @entity29 , and to develop a model for prediction of CE results ( @entity1832 ) based on FC levels. STUDY: Five academic centers and a district general hospital offering CE in UK, Finland, Sweden, Canada, and Israel. In total, 333 @entity1 were recruited. They had small-bowel CE and FC done within 3  months. RESULTS: Overall, correlation between FC and @entity1832 was weak (r s: 0.232, P  <  0.001). When two clinically significant FC thresholds (100 and 250   g/g) were examined, the r s between FC and @entity1832 was 0.247 (weak) and 0.337 (moderate), respectively (P  =  0.307). For clinically significant ( @entity1832  >=   135) or negative ( @entity1832  <  135) for @entity32 , ROC curves gave an optimum cutoff point of FC 76   g/g with sensitivity 0.59 and specificity 0.41. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1832 appears to show low correlation with FC as well as other serology markers of @entity32 . FC does not appear to be a reliable biomarker for significant @entity32 . Nevertheless, FC level  >=   76   g/g may be associated with appreciable @entity227 on small-bowel CE in @entity1 with negative prior diagnostic workup.

title: Association Between Fecal Calprotectin Levels and XXXX Score in Capsule Endoscopy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['SB inflammation', 'inflammation', 'small-bowel inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual inflammation']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'small-bowel IBD', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'Lewis score']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Small-bowel Inflammation']


abstract: Establishment of the @entity1 placenta requires that fetal cytotrophoblast stem cells in anchoring chorionic villi become invasive. These cytotrophoblasts aggregate into cell columns and invade both the uterine interstitium and vasculature, anchoring the fetus to the mother and establishing blood flow to the placenta. Cytotrophoblasts colonizing spiral arterioles replace maternal endothelium as far as the first third of the myometrium. We show here that differentiating cytotrophoblasts transform their adhesion receptor phenotype so as to resemble the endothelial cells they replace. Cytotrophoblasts in cell columns show reduced @entity5962 staining and express VE-(endothelial) cadherin, platelet-endothelial adhesion molecule-1, vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1, and @entity1293 -integrins. Cytotrophoblasts in the uterine interstitium and maternal vasculature continue to express these receptors, and, like endothelial cells during angiogenesis, also stain for alphaVbeta3. In functional studies, alphaVbeta3 and @entity3545 enhance, while @entity5962 restrains, cytotrophoblast invasiveness. Cytotrophoblasts expressing alpha4 integrins bound immobilized @entity4725 in vitro, suggesting that this receptor-pair could mediate cytotrophoblast-endothelium or cytotrophoblast-cytotrophoblast interactions in vivo, during endovascular invasion. In the @entity74 , in which endovascular invasion remains superficial, cytotrophoblasts fail to express most of these endothelial markers (Zhou et al., 1997. J. Clin. Invest. 99:2152-2164.), suggesting that this adhesion phenotype switch is required for successful endovascular invasion and normal placentation.

title: XXXX cytotrophoblasts adopt a vascular phenotype as they differentiate. A strategy for successful endovascular invasion?

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy disorder preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy originally was described as a means of identifying lymph node @entity3 in malignant @entity320 and @entity0 . The use of @entity1600 biopsy in @entity1 with oral and @entity957 and clinically N0 necks was investigated to determine whether the pathology of the @entity1600 reflected that of the neck. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing elective neck dissections for @entity213 accessible to injection were enrolled into our study. @entity1600 biopsy was performed after blue dye and radiocolloid injection. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and the perioperative use of a gamma probe identified radioactive SLNs; visualization of blue stained lymphatics identified blue SLNs. A neck dissection completed the surgical procedure, and the pathology of the @entity1600 was compared with that of the remaining neck dissection. RESULTS: @entity1600 biopsy was performed on 40 cases with clinically N0 necks. Twenty were pathologically clear of @entity5 and 20 contained subclinical @entity3 . SLNs were found in 17 necks with pathologic disease and contained @entity3 in 16. The sentinel lymph node was the only lymph node containing @entity5 in 12 of 16. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1600 , in @entity135 accessible to injection without anesthesia, is an accurate reflector of the status of the regional lymph nodes, when found in @entity1 with @entity5 . Sentinel lymph nodes may be found in clinically unpredictable sites, and @entity1600 biopsy may aid in identifying the clinically N0 @entity1 with early @entity1600 . If SLNs cannot be located in the neck, an elective lymph node dissection should be considered.

title: The accuracy of XXXX sentinel lymph node biopsy in the clinically N0 neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel lymph node', 'SLN', 'lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the genetic, clinical and serological characteristics of @entity785 ( @entity785 )- @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity3928 . METHODS: Clinical manifestations and immunolaboratory features of 22 @entity785 - @entity309 @entity1 were assessed. The HLA-DR genotype of the 22 @entity785 - @entity309 @entity1 determined by SSP-PCR was compared with that of 38 @entity785 @entity1 , 100 @entity309 @entity1 and 50 healthy controls. RESULTS: All overlap @entity1 fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for @entity785 and @entity309 . Five of the 22 @entity1 (23%) had diffuse cutaneous @entity785 (dcSSc) and 17 @entity1 (77%) had limited cutaneous @entity785 (lcSSc). Antinuclear antibody, anti-Scl70, IgM rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibody positivity were detected in 22 (100%), 5 (23%), 16 (73%) and 18 @entity1 (82%), respectively. Seventeen @entity1 (77%) had @entity3794 , 12 (55%) had oesophageal dismotility, 11 (50%) had cardiac and five (23%) had renal involvement. Hand joint destruction was observed in 18 @entity1 (82%). Significantly increased frequencies of HLA-DR3 (36% vs 5%), HLA-DR7 (9% vs 4%), HLA-DR11 (36% vs 7%) and HLA-DRw53 (23% vs 5%) were observed in @entity785 - @entity309 compared with @entity309 @entity1 (P < 0.05). Allele frequencies of the 'shared epitope' (HLA-DR1 and -DR4) were significantly increased in @entity785 - @entity309 (32% and 27%, respectively) and @entity309 @entity1 (46% and 31%, respectively) in comparison with @entity785 @entity1 (10.5% and 16%, respectively) or healthy controls (16% and 14%, respectively) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: To date this is the largest @entity785 - @entity309 overlap cohort. Genetics, clinical and immunolaboratory features suggest a mixed phenotype. Our data suggest that @entity785 - @entity309 @entity3928 may be a distinct genetic, immunological and clinical entity.

title: @entity785 XXXX @entity3928 : a unique combination of features suggests a distinct genetic, serological and clinical entity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['-rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity5305 in the treatment of @entity739 in Thai @entity1 . @entity1 _ METHOD: From March 1996 to May 1998, @entity1 aged under 2 years presenting with @entity739 at Ramathibodi Hospital were initiated with @entity5305 35-50 mg/kg/day in two-divided doses. The dosage was escalated by 25 mg/kg weekly until @entity2473 ceased or the maximum dose of 130 mg/kg was reached. RESULTS: There were 20 @entity1 enrolled. The ages ranged from 3 to 23 months (mean 7.6 months). They were categorized as 4 cryptogenic and 16 symptomatic. Infantile @entity2473 were completely controlled in 12 @entity1 (60%). Six @entity1 (30%) had at least 50 per cent reduction of @entity410 frequency. There were 2 @entity1 whose @entity410 frequencies and severity were not altered. Only one @entity1 whose @entity739 partially responded to @entity5305 developed orofacial dyskinesis which disappeared after discontinuation of @entity5305 . Five @entity1 had their vision evaluated which was unremarkable. Based on parental global evaluation, there was an increase in alertness, cheerfulness and interaction to the environment and stimulation in 8 out of 15 @entity1 who were still taking @entity5305 and responded to treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity5305 is effective for @entity739 . A long-term follow-up of these @entity1 is necessary to evaluate its efficacy and side-effects.

title: XXXX in @entity739 : preliminary result.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin', 'Vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

answer: @entity5305 :: (MESH:D020888,Chemical) :: ['Vigabatrin']


abstract: 1 Medigoxin (Lanitop) 300 microgram/day and digoxin (Lanoxin) 500 microgram/day were compared in cross-over studies on healthy volunteers and on @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity955 . Serum @entity16378 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay and ventricular rates by ECG. The two regimens appeared to be therapeutically equivalent. 2 The mean serum @entity16378 concentration in the steady state and the rate at which this state was attained were similar with both drug regimens in the healthy volunteer group. The between-subject variation in serum @entity16378 concentration was not significantly less during medigoxin administration. 3 The renal clearance of serum @entity16378 was much lower during medigoxin administration both in healthy volunteers and in @entity1 . This was not due to a difference in serum protein binding. The relatively small dosage requirement for medigoxin was attributed partly to a lower clearance rate and partly to more nearly complete absorption. 4 During the first 2 weeks of the @entity1 study there was a substantial rise in mean serum @entity16378 concentration and a corresponding fall in ventricular rate. This was attributed to more consistent self-administration of digoxin. The subsequent change to medigoxin had no further effect on mean @entity16378 concentration, ventricular rate or frequency of @entity1540 . 5. An attempt to compare the onset of the ventricular rate response to a single oral dose of medigoxin with that to digoxin gave inconclusive results.

title: Comparison of medigoxin and digoxin in the control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity16378 :: ('CHEBI:24400', 'Chemical') :: ['glycoside']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has definite effect on local-regionally advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ). @entity1311 is confirmed by clinical trail to be one of the most effective single drugs for @entity189 . This study was to define the maximal tolerant dose (MTD) of @entity1311 in weekly @entity1311 with concurrent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for local-regionally advanced @entity189 . METHODS: Naive @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 were enrolled into this dose-escalating study. Adverse events were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 (CTCAE v3.0). Primary end points were determined by dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT). The starting dose of @entity1311 was 30 mg.(m(2).w)(-1), with a subsequent dose escalation of 10 mg.(m(2).w)(-1). IMRT was given to the nasopharynx and the upper neck; the lower neck was treated by a single anterior field irradiation. The prescription dose was 68 Gy by 30 fractions to the nasopharynx gross @entity5 , and 60-66 Gy by 30 fractions to the positive neck lymph nodes. RESULTS: From Apr. 2004 to Sep. 2004, 15 @entity1 received complete chemoradiotherapy, and all of them were eligible for @entity137 evaluation. On the first two dose levels of 30 mg.(m(2).w)(-1) and 40 mg.(m(2).w)(-1), no @entity1 experienced DLT. On the next dose level of 50 mg.(m(2).w)(-1), 1 @entity1 experienced DLT of grade 3 @entity33 for 4 weeks, and among the additional 3 @entity1 no one developed DLT. On the forth dose level of 60 mg.(m(2).w)(-1), all the @entity1 developed grade 3 @entity33 for more than 3 weeks, and the dose-escalating trial stopped. All of the 15 @entity1 achieved clinical complete remission (CR) in the local site; 14 (93.3%) achieved CR in the regional site, and 1 achieved partial remission (PR) and got CR 1 month later. After a median follow-up of 20 months, 1 @entity1 developed multiple bone metastases, and 14 kept disease-free. CONCLUSION: The MTD of @entity1311 in weekly @entity1311 with concurrent IMRT for local-regionally advanced @entity189 is 50 mg.(m(2).w)(-1), with @entity33 as DLT.

title: [Weekly @entity1311 with concurrent intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX : outcomes of a tolerance trial].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) staging system for @entity418 is controversial because it relies on arbitrary definitions of the anatomic location of lymph nodes to establish N and M status. It has been proposed that the number of involved lymph nodes may better predict survival. We reviewed our experience to determine the prognostic impact of the number of involved nodes and the extent of lymphadenectomy on the current staging system. METHODS: Records of all @entity1 who underwent resection of previously untreated @entity420 and @entity957 of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction were reviewed. Overall survival according to the AJCC staging system and the number of involved lymph nodes was analyzed by the method of Kaplan and Meier and by recursive partitioning methods. RESULTS: Data were available on 336 @entity1 operated on between January 1996 and September 2003. Recursive partitioning analysis using AJCC staging variables reproduced the AJCC staging system. When the number of involved lymph nodes is added, @entity1 with more than 4 involved lymph nodes have survival similar to that of @entity1 with @entity66 , and @entity1 with no involved lymph nodes have the best prognosis. Recursive partitioning analysis identified 18 lymph nodes as the minimal number required for accurate staging. In @entity1 who have 18 or more lymph nodes removed, survival is only predicted by the presence of nodal involvement and @entity66 . CONCLUSION: Our analysis suggests that revisions of the current AJCC staging system for @entity418 should include N staging based on the number of involved lymph nodes and minimal requirements for the extent of lymphadenectomy.

title: The prognostic importance of the number of involved lymph nodes in @entity418 : implications for revisions of the American Joint Committee on XXXX staging system.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['M1 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The proper timing of surgery for infantile @entity5971 remains controversial. Early surgery may yield better sensory outcomes whereas later surgery may result in better alignment. Several recent studies reported promising sensory outcomes in small groups of @entity1 that underwent surgery by 6 months of age. Here, we present motor and sensory outcomes of a cohort of 50 consecutive @entity1 enrolled in a prospective study who had surgery by 6 months of age and were followed for 4-17 years. METHODS: Angle of deviation, subsequent surgeries, treatment with spectacles, @entity4457 , fusion, and stereopsis were evaluated during follow-up. Outcomes from the early surgery group were compared with a concurrently recruited cohort who had surgery at 7-12 months (n=78). RESULTS: On the initial visit, both cohorts had the same median angle of deviation (45(Delta)) and similar @entity2516 ; the median angle of deviation increased by the final preop visit (55(Delta)). Postoperatively, both cohorts had alignment within 6(Delta) in 83-94% of cases on all visits. Both cohorts had similar rates of additional surgery, and 44-48% wore hyperopic correction postoperatively. Compared with the 7- to 12-month cohort, more @entity1 in the early-surgery cohort had peripheral fusion (78% vs 61%; p < 0.02), central fusion (15% vs 2%; p < 0.01), Randot stereopsis (38% vs 16%; p < 0.003), and Randot stereoacuity of 200 seconds or better (20% vs 9%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Early surgery was associated with a higher prevalence of fusion and stereopsis, without adverse motor outcomes.

title: Long-term motor and sensory outcomes after early surgery for infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is the leading cause of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Pulse pressure, a measure of arterial stiffness, is elevated in @entity6 and associated with @entity65 . Free @entity1718 (FFAs), elevated in @entity1 and @entity1625 , are also elevated in @entity6 and @entity65 . We thus examined the association of fasting FFAs with pulse pressure and @entity729 ( @entity729 , a marker of @entity453 ) in an adult population (n = 150) of childhood-onset @entity6 and whether any such associations varied by @entity1625 and sex. Mean age and @entity6 duration were 42 and 33 years, respectively, when @entity729 , @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ), and @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) were determined by electron beam tomography. Free @entity1718 were determined by in vitro colorimetry. Pulse pressure was calculated as systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure. Free @entity1718 were log transformed before analyses, and all analyses were controlled for serum albumin. Free @entity1718 were associated with pulse pressure in @entity1 (r = 0.24, P = .04), but not in @entity1 (r = 0.07, P = .55). An interaction for the prediction of pulse pressure was noted between FFAs and both @entity1625 (P = .03) and @entity1625 (P = .008) in @entity1 , but only a marginal interaction with @entity1625 (P = .09) and no interaction for @entity1625 (P = .40) with FFAs were observed in @entity1 . In multivariable linear regression analysis allowing for serum albumin, age, height, heart rate, albumin excretion rate, hemoglobin A(1c), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity101 medication use, FFAs, @entity1625 , and the interaction between FFAs and @entity1625 , the interaction between FFAs and @entity1625 remained associated with pulse pressure in @entity1 (FFAs, P = .04; interaction term, P = .03), but not @entity1 (FFAs, P = .32; interaction term, P = .32). FFAs showed no association with log-transformed @entity729 . Although FFAs were not associated with @entity729 in either sex, they were associated with pulse pressure in @entity1 and their effect appeared to vary by @entity1625 , particularly @entity1625 . This finding might help explain the loss of the sex difference in @entity65 in @entity6 .

title: Free XXXX are associated with pulse pressure in @entity1 , but not @entity1 , with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous abdominal adiposity', 'VAT', 'SAT', 'abdominal adiposity', 'visceral abdominal adiposity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'death in type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1D']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic burden']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: PURPOSE: Local-regional failures (LFs) after cystectomy with or without chemotherapy are common in locally advanced disease. Adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) could reduce LFs, but @entity137 has discouraged its use. Modern @entity1161 techniques with improved normal tissue sparing have rekindled interest but require knowledge of pelvic @entity177 patterns to design treatment volumes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Five-year LF rates after radical cystectomy plus pelvic node dissection with or without chemotherapy were determined for 8 pelvic sites among 442 urothelial @entity150 @entity1 . The impact of pathologic stage, margin status, nodal involvement, and extent of node dissection on @entity177 patterns was assessed using competing risk analysis. We calculated the percentage of @entity1 whose sites of LF would have been completely encompassed within various hypothetical clinical target volumes (CTVs) for postoperative radiation. RESULTS: Compared with stage  <=pT2, stage >= pT3 @entity1 had higher 5-year LF rates in virtually all pelvic sites. Among stage >= pT3 @entity1 , margin status significantly altered the @entity177 pattern whereas extent of node dissection and nodal positivity did not. In stage >= pT3 @entity1 with negative margins, @entity177 occurred predominantly in the iliac/obturator nodes and uncommonly in the cystectomy bed and/or presacral nodes. Of these @entity1 in whom @entity177 subsequently occurred, 76% would have had all LF sites encompassed within CTVs covering only the iliac/obturator nodes. In stage >= pT3 with positive margins, cystectomy bed and/or presacral nodal failures increased significantly. Only 57% of such @entity1 had all LF sites within CTVs limited to the iliac/obturator nodes, but including the cystectomy bed and presacral nodes in the CTV when margins were positive increased the percentage of LFs encompassed to 91%. CONCLUSIONS: Patterns of @entity177 within the pelvis are summarized to facilitate design of adjuvant @entity1161 protocols. These data suggest that @entity1161 should target at least the iliac/obturator nodes in stage >= pT3 with negative margins; coverage of the presacral nodes and cystectomy bed may be necessary for stage >= pT3 with positive margins.

title: @entity150 patterns of pelvic XXXX : implications for adjuvant @entity1161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity418 is the sixth leading cause of @entity5 -associated @entity204 worldwide and represents a @entity5 . Genetic polymorphisms may partly explain individual differences in @entity418 susceptibility. DESIGNS AND METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to evaluate the genetic effects of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the @entity1192 ( @entity1192 and @entity1356 ), @entity21264 , @entity2772 and @entity6978 genes on the development of @entity418 . A total of 380 @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) cases and 380 controls were recruited for this study. The genotypes were determined using a custom-by-design 48-Plex SNPscan    Kit. RESULTS: When the @entity1356 @entity9985 GG homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the GA genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of @entity1721 (GA vs. GG: adjusted OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.49-0.99, p=0.041). However, there were no significant associations between the other five SNPs and @entity1721 risk. Stratified analyses indicated no significantly different risks of @entity1721 associated with the @entity1356 @entity9985 @entity13284 polymorphism according to sex, age, smoking status or @entity167 consumption. @entity2772 @entity17880 @entity13284 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk for @entity1721 higher @entity5 , nodal, and metastatic (TNM) stages. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that the functional @entity1356 @entity9985 @entity13284 polymorphism might contribute to @entity1721 susceptibility. @entity2772 @entity17880 @entity13284 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk for @entity1721 higher TNM stages. However, the results were based on a limited sample size and larger well-designed studies are warranted to confirm these initial findings.

title: @entity1356 @entity9985 XXXX polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of @entity418 in a Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'particularly aggressive type of cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity13284 :: (c|SUB|G||A,DNAMutation) :: ['G>A']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Co-sleeping or bed-sharing is a common practice that has been little researched. While often viewed as being "cultural" in nature, there is a suggestion that it may be a parental response to @entity25 . Some studies link co-sleeping with behavioural and temperamental difficulties. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence of co-sleeping and how they relate to @entity25 among a cohort of @entity1 and adolescents seen in a @entity1 guidance clinic. METHODS: Parents or guardians of all new @entity1 seen at the @entity1 guidance clinic were asked to complete a questionnaire upon their consent to participate in the study. The questionnaire included socio-demographical data and frequency of @entity25 in the past six months. A list of nine common @entity25 was included. RESULTS: The prevalence of co-sleeping was found to be 72.7 percent. The @entity1 who co-sleep were significantly younger and there was a decrease in the practice with increasing age. Sleep starts and nightmares were significantly more among those sleeping alone. CONCLUSION: Co-sleeping was not associated with significant @entity25 in our cohort. Co-sleeping may have been initiated in response to an existing @entity25 but eventually resolved the problem. If co-sleeping is not permitted, the @entity25 could be compounded, giving rise to a higher prevalence of @entity1021 and nightmares among those in our cohort who slept alone.

title: Co-sleeping and clinical correlates in @entity1 seen at a XXXX guidance clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping problems', 'sleep problems', 'sleep problem']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['sleep starts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: The restriction fragment length polymorphisms have been determined for six restriction enzymes (Bam HI, Bg1 II, Eco RI, Hinc II, Hind III, and Pvu II) and a @entity3098 probe on 25 cell lines that are homozygous by consanguinuity at the MHC. These patterns reflect both DR haplotypes and DQ types of the cells tested. At least one non-polymorphic band is present in all the cell lines with every restriction enzyme except Hinc II. This band most probably represents DX beta hybridization. The polymorphic bands indicate that more polymorphism exists in the DQ subregion than is predicted serologically. Each DR haplotype is associated with a unique set of restriction fragments except for DR2 and @entity25783 . The patterns are largely consistent within each DR haplotype. In addition, some bands reflect the established DQ specificities DQw1 and DQw2. Individual bands can be identified that are unique to the haplotypes @entity5958 , @entity4107 , @entity3049 , and @entity25783 and the DQw1- and DQw2-associated haplotypes. Subdivisions of haplotypes can be identified with this probe. In particular, MVL ( @entity5958 ), Akiba (DR2), QBL ( @entity4106 ), @entity2874 ( @entity3049 ), and APD ( @entity25783 ) have polymorphisms that distinguish them from other members of their DR haplotype.

title: Molecular mapping class II polymorphisms in the human major histocompatibility complex. II. XXXX .

answer: @entity3098 :: (3119,Gene) :: ['DQ beta']


abstract: @entity528 occurs in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of @entity1 with @entity191 and other Lewy body-associated disorders. Lewy bodies (LBs) are abnormal inclusions found in the SNpc and other neurons of these @entity1 . It is not known what role LBs play in the disease process; they may be harmful to the neuron or simply an epiphenomenon of the disease process. We have previously shown that some of the @entity528 occurring in the SNpc of Lewy body-associated disorders resembles apoptosis. The present study was undertaken to determine whether apoptotic-like changes were more common in SNpc neurons with somal LBs compared to those without somal LBs. Substantia nigra from cases of Lewy body-associated disorders were labeled to colocalize apoptotic-like changes and LBs using in situ end-labeling and an anti-ubiquitin antibody. Three cases demonstrated that SNpc neurons with LBs in the perikarya had the same proportion of apoptotic-like changes as SNpc neurons without somal LBs. One case had no LB-containing SNpc neurons undergoing apoptotic-like cell death. The majority of SNpc neurons undergoing apoptotic-like cell death did not appear to contain somal LBs and thus may be dying before LB formation can occur. These results support the theory that the presence of a somal LB does not predispose a neuron to undergo apoptotic-like cell death.

title: Contribution of somal Lewy bodies to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal degeneration', 'neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal death']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Traditional risk factors cannot promote prediction capacity for the @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ), who usually do not show apparent symptoms until they develop @entity583 ( @entity583 ). As such, novel predictive diagnostic strategies are essential to accurately define @entity1 at risk of @entity1187 . In this study, non-targeted metabolomic profiling using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was performed in combination with multivariate statistical model to analyze the serum samples of @entity1 with stable @entity951 (n=38), @entity583 ( @entity583 ) (n=34) and healthy age- and gender-matched controls (n=71). Results showed a clear distinction in metabolomic profiles between stable @entity951 and @entity583 when using OPLS-DA with both positive and negative models. Internal cross-validation methods were used to confirm model validity with an area under the curve (AUROC)=0.983. We identified various classes of altered metabolites including phospholipids, @entity1718 , @entity13740 , glycerolipids and @entity230 . We then demonstrated the differential roles of these metabolites using multivariate statistical model. Phospholipids previously associated with @entity453 were shown to have lower predictive capacity to discriminate @entity583 @entity1 from stable @entity951 @entity1 . Interestingly, @entity9932 , @entity6741 and @entity230 hormone such as @entity36499 , @entity24399 (d18:0/12:0), @entity9027 (VIP scores of 1.99, 1.97, 1.64, respectively), were found to be associated with the progression of @entity453 . These results suggest that metabolomic approaches may facilitate the development of more stringent and predictive @entity1 criteria in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity453 .

title: Metabolomic profile for the early detection of XXXX by using UPLC-QTOF/MS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity13740 :: ('MESH:D013107', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipids']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity9932 :: ('MESH:D002518', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramides']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To relate locomotor function improvement, within the first 6 months after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), to an increase in @entity1746 ( @entity1746 ) and to assess the extent to which the level of lesion influenced the outcome of ambulatory capacity. DESIGN: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses. SETTING: Seven @entity1566 rehabilitation centers. @entity1 : @entity1 (N=178) were analyzed longitudinally (group A, motor complete; group B, motor incomplete; nonwalking or group C, motor incomplete and able to stand). The cross-sectional analysis included 86 @entity1 (paraplegic, n=46; tetraplegic, n=40; group 1 with limited and group 2 with unrestricted walking function 6 mo after @entity1566 ). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Walking Index for @entity1566 (WISCI), gait speed, and @entity1746 . RESULTS: For group A, 24.8% of the @entity1 improved in @entity1746 (median range, 0-10) and 7.7% in walking function (WISCI median range, 0-8; mean gait speed range, 0 to .14+/-.10 m/s). For group B, @entity1746 improved in 93.5% of the @entity1 (median range, 14-28) and walking function in 84.8% of the @entity1 (WISCI median range, 0-10; mean gait speed range, 0 to .41+/-.45 m/s) (P<.001). For group C, @entity1746 and walking function improved in 100% of the @entity1 ( @entity1746 median range, 29-41; WISCI median range, 8-16; mean gait speed range, .36+/-.29 m/s to .88+/-.44 m/s) (P=.001). In groups B and C, the improvement of walking function was greater than in @entity1746 . The cross-sectional analysis showed that group 1 @entity1 with @entity1688 had more muscle strength (median @entity1746 , 31.5), and equal walking function (WISCI, 8; walking speed, 0.4+/-0.3 m/s) compared with @entity1 with @entity451 ( @entity1746 , 23; P<.01; WISCI, 12; P=0.6; speed, 0.4+/-0.3 m/s; P=.68). In group 2, @entity1 with @entity1688 had slightly more strength ( @entity1746 , 48) and equal walking function (WISCI, 20; walking speed, 1.4+/-0.3 m/s) compared with @entity1 with @entity451 ( @entity1746 , 45; P<.05; WISCI, 20; P=1.0; speed, 1.4+/-0.3 m/s; P=.89). CONCLUSIONS: An improvement in locomotor function does not always reflect an increase in @entity1746 , and @entity1746 improvement is not necessarily associated with improved locomotor function. @entity1746 and ambulatory capacity are differently associated in @entity1 with tetra- and @entity451 . Functional tests seem to complement clinical assessment.

title: Muscle force and gait performance: relationships after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['Lower Extremity Motor Score', 'LEMS']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: To assess the metabolic effects of @entity1374 , body composition was determined by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in 72 @entity1 with untreated @entity1378 (mean age 48.7 +/- 1.9 years) and 26 @entity1 with @entity1375 (63.8 +/- 3.4 years). Bioelectrical whole body resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were used for computerized calculation of lean body mass (LBM), @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), extracellular mass (ECM) and body fat (BF). Compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls the most sensitive parameter indicating excess thyroid hormone was the ECM/ @entity1358 ratio which was markedly elevated in all @entity1378 subjects. ECM/ @entity1358 alteration resulted from marked depletion of @entity1358 with concomitant expansion of ECM. @entity1358 change is thought to be predominantly due to a loss of muscle mass while ECM rise may reflect an increase in extracellular fluids. In contrast, @entity1375 was characterized by an increase in BF besides a relatively unaffected LBM component. Serum parameters of thyroid function ( @entity1954 (T3), free @entity1955 , TSH) did not correlate with the determinants of body composition except for a slight inverse relationship between the phase angle (Xc/Rx180 degrees/pi) and T3 concentration in @entity2743 @entity1 . We conclude that @entity1378 is primarily accompanied by quantitative as well as qualitative changes in the lean body while considerable fat increase is the most important feature of @entity1375 . Severity of body composition derangement cannot be predicted from the degree of @entity1374 . BIA could become a useful tool which allows objective determination of even subtle metabolic manifestations of @entity1374 and should, therefore, complement conventional clinical and biochemical assessment.

title: Bioelectrical impedance assessment of body composition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'untreated hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['BCM', 'body cell mass']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-iodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid disease']


abstract: @entity40076 (Golgi-associated PDZ- and coiled-coil motif-containing protein)(-/-) @entity19 are infertile, showing @entity12179 , coiled tails, and a stratified mitochondrial sheath. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of the spermatozoa were studied quantitatively to analyze disorganization processes during epididymal passage. Factors maintaining straight tail and normal mitochondrial sheath were also studied by TEM and immunofluorescent microscopy. Sperm tails retained a normal appearance in the proximal caput epididymidis. Tail disorganization started between the proximal and the middle caput epididymidis, and the latter is the major site for it. The tail moved up through the defective posterior ring and coiled around the nucleus to various degrees. Tail coiling occurred in the caput epididymidis suggesting it was triggered by cytoplasmic droplet migration. @entity40077 / @entity40077 , a candidate mitochondrial adhesion protein, remained on the stratified mitochondria, while @entity40078 / @entity40078 , a major element of the mitochondrial capsule, was unevenly distributed on them. From these findings, we speculate @entity40078 is necessary to maintain normal sheath structure, and @entity40077 prevents dispersal of mitochondria, resulting in a stratified mitochondrial sheath formation in @entity40076 (-/-) spermatozoa. The epididymal epithelium was normal in structure and @entity35654 / @entity35654 expression suggesting that tail abnormality is due to intrinsic sperm factors. Three cell structures are discussed as requisite factors for maintaining a straight tail during epididymal maturation: 1) a complete posterior ring to prevent invasion of the tail into the head compartment, 2) stable attachment of the connecting piece to the implantation fossa, and 3) a normal mitochondrial sheath supported by @entity40077 and supplied with sufficient and normally distributed @entity40078 .

title: Factors maintaining normal sperm tail structure during epididymal maturation studied in @entity40076 -/- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['globozoospermia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of high sensitivity @entity1851 (hsCRP) levels in serum for detecting @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 at risk of developing @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). METHODS: Individuals with @entity6 (n = 9489) were recruited from the Kailuan Company between 2006 and 2007 for the first phase of this community-based prospective cohort study. For the second phase of the study, the original cohort was recruited for follow-up (at two years from each subject's original enrollment date (baseline)). The total followed-up subjects (n = 2802; 2344 males, 458 females, 22-88 years old) were categorized into quartiles according to baseline measurements of serum hsCRP levels (less than or equal to 0.30, > 0.30-0.60, > 0.60-1.92 and > 1.92 mg/L) and used to determine the relationship between change in incidence rates of @entity1561 and predictive value of baseline serum hsCRP levels by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent (n = 813) of the followed-up subjects developed @entity1561 . The incidence (%) of @entity1561 at the two-year follow-up had increased in conjunction with the level of serum hsCRP detected at baseline (quartile 1: 22.5%, 2: 27.3%, 3: 32.1%, and 4: 34.3%; all, P less than 0.01). It was found that the subjects in the highest quartile had an increased risk of @entity1561 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42-2.28, P less than 0.01), as compared with those in the lowest quartile. Moreover, when the regression model was adjusted for baseline factors of age, sex, @entity1674 , total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , fasting serum @entity413 , and body mass index, the risk of @entity1561 remained significantly higher for the highest quartile (vs. the lowest quartile; OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.16-1.91, P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: Serum hsCRP levels may be predictive of development of @entity1561 in individuals with @entity6 . The risk of @entity1561 increases in parallel with increasing levels of serum hsCRP.

title: [Significance of high sensitivity @entity1851 level for predicting risk of @entity6 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Toxocara spp., @entity3204 , and @entity8785 metacestode @entity281 and determine some of the associated risk factors for @entity1 living in the Dona Carmen settlement, Pontal of Paranapanema, S  o Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Serum samples from 194 subjects were tested and @entity1 answered a questionnaire. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system based on Toxocara spp. excretory-secretory antigens obtained from the cultured second-stage larvae of @entity5603 or @entity10970 ( @entity10970 ) antigen from @entity21150 metacestode was used to detect anti-Toxocara spp. IgG and IgE and anti-T. solium metacestode, respectively. For @entity3993 , the reactive ELISA samples were assayed by Western blotting using 18 kDa and 14 kDa proteins purified from @entity10970 . For T. gondii-specific IgG and IgM antibodies, anti-SAG-1, GRA-1, and GRA-7 epitope specificity was determined by ELISA. RESULTS: @entity3204 gondii IgG antibodies were found in 102/194 individuals (52  6%) with increased infections in females (P = 0  02) and those with  <=US 300 monthly income (P = 0  01). Positive IgM antibodies were detected in 21/194 individuals (10  8%). Antibodies specific to Toxocara spp. were found in 28/194 subjects (14  4%). All the individuals with Toxocara spp. also had T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies. Taenia solium metacestode antibodies were detected in 11 subjects (5  7%), but none were reactive based on Western blotting. CONCLUSION: In spite of environmental, educational, and socioeconomic factors favoring parasite @entity281 , the seropositivity rates of @entity3204 , Toxocara spp., and @entity8785 metacestode-specific IgG antibodies are similar to the rates found in studies conducted in different populations in Brazil.

title: Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and XXXX in a rural settlement, S  o Paulo State, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity10970 :: ('MESH:D012872', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular fluid', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8785 :: ('6204', 'Species') :: ['Taenia solium', 'T. solium']

entities_list: @entity21150 :: ('6207', 'Species') :: ['Taenia crassiceps']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma', 'T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3993 :: (MESH:D003551,Disease) :: ['cysticercosis']


abstract: It is assumed that acute @entity583 affects renal function. To study the mechanism, we used @entity19 following permanent ligation of their left coronary artery that results in extensive @entity583 . Soon after ligation, there was a marked rise in circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity1234 ( @entity4466 -positive evidence of lipid peroxidation). Renal function had significantly declined by the third day in association with mild @entity82 , and swelling of glomeruli and tubules. There was a significant increase in the expression of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 ( @entity27773 ), interelukin-1b, @entity6580 , and @entity4466 -reactive substances in the kidney. Renal function showed some recovery by Day 21; however, there was progressive @entity8 . @entity27773 knockout @entity19 had significantly diminished increases in systemic and renal pro-inflammatory cytokines, @entity1234 , structural alterations, and decline in renal function than the wild-type @entity19 following ligation of the left coronary artery. Cardiac function and survival rates were also significantly better in the @entity27773 knockout @entity19 than in the wild-type @entity19 . Hence, severe @entity741 results in @entity8 and histological abnormalities suggestive of @entity810 . Thus, @entity27773 is a key modulator among multiple mechanisms underlying @entity8 following extensive @entity583 .

title: Abrogation of @entity27773 attenuates acute XXXX -induced @entity8 by modulating systemic and local inflammation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis of the kidneys', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity6580 :: ('22329(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty ( @entity12468 ) is more commonly used for @entity3814 . This study aimed to study the differences between OCFs and @entity2695 ( @entity2695 ) treated with @entity12468 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2007 and January 2010, we prospectively treated 28 consecutive @entity1 of OCFs (43 recently symptomatic OCFs) and 24 cases of @entity2695 (26 @entity2695 ). We used visual analogue scale (VAS) @entity158 and @entity717 Index (ODI) to evaluate the @entity1 . The followup period in group 1 and 2 were 25.1 months (range 12 - 31 months) and 21.3 months (range 14 - 28 months), respectively. Comparison of means was carried out with the Chi Square Tests, t-test, and N Par-Test for multiple comparisons, whenever appropriate. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Following @entity12468 the VAS score decreased to 4.57 and 4.17 in group 1 and 2, respectively. The ODI scores were 32.5% and 30%, respectively. This decrease in ODI scores lasted throughout the followup period. CONCLUSIONS: Although the preoperative scores were significantly different between group 1 and 2, there was no significant difference between two groups following the @entity12468 .

title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty in symptomatic XXXX versus @entity3814 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral hemangiomas', 'VHs']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic compression fractures (OCFs) and osteolytic vertebral body tumors']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: Stem cell research offers a wide variety of approaches for the advancement of our understanding of basic mechanisms of @entity179 and tissue regeneration and for the discovery and development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent and restore neuronal cell loss. Similar to most other regions of our central nervous system, @entity179 of the retina lead to the loss of neurons, which are not replaced. Recent work in animals has provided proof-of-concept evidence for the restoration of photoreceptor cells by cell transplantation and neuronal cell replacement by regeneration from endogenous cell sources. However, efficient therapeutic prevention of neuronal cell loss has not been achieved. Moreover, successful cell replacement of retinal neurons in @entity1 , including that of ganglion cells, remains a major challenge. Future successes in the discovery and translation of neuroprotective drug and gene therapies and of cell-based regenerative therapies will depend on a better understanding of the underlying disease pathomechanisms. Existing stem cell and cell-reprogramming technologies offer the potential to generate @entity1 retina cells, to develop specific @entity1 -cell-based @entity74 models, and to open up novel therapeutic strategies. Further, we might glean substantial knowledge from species that can or cannot regenerate their neuronal retina, in the search for new therapeutic approaches. Thus, stem cell research will pave the way toward clinical translation. In this review, I address some of the major possibilities presently on offer and speculate about the power of stem cell research to gain further insights into the pathomechanisms of @entity2479 (with special emphasis on @entity726 ) and to advance our therapeutic options.

title: The potential of stem cell research for the treatment of neuronal damage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['retina disease']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), a @entity1501 antagonist which can lead to @entity1501 deficient, on the cardiac development and on the expressions of @entity37642 and @entity37643 in @entity3392 . METHODS: The @entity3392 embryos at 6-48 hrs post fertilization (hpf) were treated with various concentrations of @entity1500 (0.5 x 10(-3), 1.0 x 10(-3) and 2.0 x 10(-3) M). At 48 hpf, the percentage of @entity299 and heart rate were recorded. The @entity3392 embryos at 6-10 hpf treated with 1.5 x 10(-3) M @entity1500 were used as the @entity1500 treatment group. At 24 and 48 hpf the cardiac morphology was observed under a microscope. The expressions of @entity37642 and @entity37643 in @entity3392 were detected by in situ antisense RNA hybridization and real-time PCR. RESULTS: 6-12 hpf, the early @entity2971 , was a sensitive period that @entity1500 affected cardiac formation of @entity3392 . The retardant cardiac development and the evidently abnormal cardiac morphology was found in the @entity1500 treatment group. The results of in situ antisense RNA hybridization showed that the expressions of @entity37642 and @entity37643 in the @entity3392 heart were reduced in the @entity1500 treatment group at 36 and 48 hpf. The real-time PCR results demonstrated that the @entity37642 expression decreased at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hpf, and that the @entity37643 expression decreased at 24, 36 and 48 hpf in the treatment group compared with the control group without @entity1500 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of @entity1501 function may affect cardiac development of early embryos, resulting in a retardant development and a morphological abnormality of the heart in @entity3392 , possibly by down-regulating the expressions of @entity37642 and @entity37643 .

title: [ @entity1501 antagonist @entity1499 causes the development malformation of heart and down-regulates the @entity37642 and XXXX expressions in @entity3392 ].

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic developmental stage']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac malformation']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity37643 :: (260350(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['HAS2']


abstract: One hundred and eighty three @entity1 with @entity365 were randomly allocated to treatment with either @entity2380 in a single oral 150 mg dose, or @entity3102 , 200 mg twice daily for 5 days. Favourable clinical responses were obtained in 92% of the @entity1 in the @entity2380 group and in 89% of those in the @entity3102 group after 5-16 days. Long-term evaluation at 27-62 days showed favourable clinical responses in 86 and 88%, respectively. Candida was eradicated from the vagina in 77% of both treatment groups at the long-term evaluation. The relapse or reinfection rate was similar for both groups, ranging between 4-8%. One hundred and thirty two of the 160 @entity1 who had rectal swabs cultured for @entity375 at baseline, gave positive results. Of the 27 @entity1 in the @entity2380 group whose rectal cultures remained negative at the long-term evaluation, 26 maintained mycological cure of their @entity365 . In contrast, @entity1 with positive rectal cultures at this time were much less frequently associated with mycological cure. The results were similar for the @entity1 in the @entity3102 group. Treatment-related side effects in both groups were few and minor. This double-blind multicentre study showed that a single oral 150 mg dose of @entity2380 was as effective as 5 days of oral @entity3102 medication in the treatment of @entity365 .

title: A comparison of @entity2380 and @entity3102 in the oral treatment of XXXX ; report of a double-blind multicentre trial.

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal candidiasis']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['vaginal candidiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Investigations concerned the mechanism of HT-29 cells radiosensitization by cis-9,trans-11-conjugated @entity4722 ( @entity34044 ), a natural component of @entity1 diet with proven antitumor activity. METHODS: The cells were incubated for 24h with 70 M @entity34044 and then X-irradiated. The following methods were used: gas chromatography (incorporation of the @entity4619 isomer), flow cytometry (cell cycle), cloning (survival), Western blotting (protein distribution in membrane fractions), and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks). In parallel, @entity10322 activity, y-H2AX foci numbers and chromatid fragmentation were estimated. Gene expression was analysed by RT-PCR and chromosomal aberrations by the mFISH method. Nuclear accumulation of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) was monitored by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: @entity34044 sensitized HT-29 cells to X-radiation. This effect was not due to changes in cell cycle progression or DNA-repair-related gene expression. Post-irradiation DSB rejoining was delayed, corresponding with the insufficient @entity10322 activation, although chromosomal aberration frequencies did not increase. Distributions of @entity165 and @entity5689 in cellular membrane fractions changed. The nuclear @entity470 translocation, necessary to increase the @entity10322 activity in response to oxidative stress, was blocked. We suppose that @entity34044 modified the membrane structure, thus disturbing the intracellular @entity470 transport and the @entity470 -dependent pro-survival signalling, both functionally associated with lipid raft properties. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results point to the importance of the cell membrane interactions with the nucleus after injury inflicted by X -rays. Compounds like @entity34044 , that specifically alter membrane properties, could be used to develop new anticancer strategies.

title: Cis-9,trans-11-conjugated @entity4722 affects lipid raft composition and sensitizes XXXX colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells to X-radiation.

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: With help of immunoflorescence, best with anti-AHP from Helix pomatia, a stippled structure could be demonstrated on the @entity1 "s red blood cells. Thus an "A-like" receptor could be detected on the erythrocyte membrane of this group O @entity1 . The reactive antigen was proved not to be a crypt antigen exposed by the action of @entity689 . The same stippled fluorescence with antiAhp was observed on the red blood cells of a @entity1 suffering from @entity5714 induced by influnza A2 virus. In this case this virus was shown not to be responsible for @entity7443 . No virus or microorganism could be isolated from the @entity1 "s blood. Also by immunofluorescence the weak expression of the H antigen could be demonstrated with an extract of Evonymus europaeus. Electron microscopy of erythrocytes was normal. The @entity27865 content and the electrophoretic mobility were found to be decreased to a minor degree. No distinct cell populations could be observed.

title: 'VA', a new type of erythrocyte @entity7443 characterized by depressed H receptors and associated with XXXX . II. Observations by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, cell electrophoresis and Biochemistry.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity27865 :: ('CHEBI:7539', 'Chemical') :: ['neuraminic acid']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity7443 :: ('MESH:C562719', 'Disease') :: ['polyagglutination']

answer: @entity5714 :: (MESH:D000743,Disease) :: ['hemolytic anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical features and outcome of all cases of stage 4S @entity521 treated at our center. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the files of all @entity1 (n=75) with @entity521 treated at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 1986 and 2005. We studied the clinical features and outcome of @entity1 with stage 4S @entity521 . RESULTS: Six @entity1 (8%) were confirmed to have stage 4S @entity521 . Three were @entity1 with a median age at diagnosis of 4.5 months (range 28 days-11 months). Four @entity1 required no intervention. The remaining 2 @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy due to progressive @entity649 . No @entity1 required radiotherapy or surgical intervention. With a median follow up of 4 years (range 9 months-15.5 years), all @entity1 are alive and well. Two @entity1 continue to have a residual abdominal mass, while complete resolution occurred in the others. CONCLUSION: Stage 4S @entity521 is a special @entity5 that carries excellent prognosis. Spontaneous regression may occur and intervention is only required in symptomatic @entity1 .

title: Stage 4S @entity521 , a disseminated XXXX with excellent outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly and respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To elucidate electrophysiologic responses of the recurrent laryngeal nerves that were preoperatively paralyzed or invaded by @entity5 and to use this information as an added functional parameter for intraoperative management of recurrent laryngeal nerves with malignant invasion. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTINGS: Academic, tertiary care center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All consecutive neck surgeries with nerve monitoring performed by senior author (GWR) between December 1995 and January 2007 were reviewed after obtaining Institutional Review Board approval from Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary @entity1 Subjects Committee and the Partners @entity1 Research Committee. Electrophysiologic parameters in all cases with preoperative @entity3746 /paresis, and the recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion by @entity5 , were studied. RESULTS: Of the 1138 surgeries performed, 25 @entity1 (2.1%) had preoperative @entity10107 . In @entity1 with preoperative @entity10107 , recognizable recurrent laryngeal nerve electrophysiologic activity was preserved in over 50% of cases. Malignant invasion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was found in 22 @entity1 (1.9%). Neural invasion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was associated with preoperative @entity3746 in only 50% of these @entity1 . In nerves invaded by @entity5 , 60% maintained recognizable electrophysiologic activity, which was more commonly present and robust when vocal cord function was preserved. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of electrophysiologic intraoperative neural monitoring provides additional functional information and, along with preoperative vocal cord function information, aids in constructing decision algorithms regarding intraoperative management of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, in prognosticating postoperative outcomes, and in @entity1 counseling regarding postoperative expectations.

title: Electrophysiologic monitoring characteristics of the recurrent laryngeal nerve preoperatively paralyzed or invaded with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum @entity904 decreases transiently during the acute phase response and can thus result in misclassification of @entity904 status. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the prevalence of acute phase response activation in a representative sample of the US population, identify the factors associated with this activation, and determine whether @entity1 with an active acute phase response have lower serum @entity904 concentrations. DESIGN: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were analyzed. A serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) concentration >/=10 mg/L indicated an active acute phase response. RESULTS: Mean serum @entity904 was lowest in subjects aged <10 y and increased with age. Concentrations were higher in males than in females aged 20-59 y. The prevalence of a @entity1851 concentration >/=10 mg/L was lowest in subjects aged <20 y (</=4%) and increased with age to a maximum of nearly 15%. An elevated @entity1851 concentration was 2.4-fold greater in females than in males aged 20-59 y. Serum @entity904 was lower in subjects with elevated @entity1851 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity904 increases with age and males have higher mean values than do females aged 20-59 y. The prevalence of a @entity1851 concentration >/=10 mg/L also increases with age, is 2-fold greater in females than in males aged 20-69 y, and is associated with common inflammatory conditions. Thus, @entity32 appeared to contribute to the misclassification of @entity904 status in the NHANES III population, and serum @entity1851 is useful in identifying subjects who may be misclassified.

title: Serum XXXX , the acute phase response, and the apparent misclassification of @entity904 status in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['retinol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Simultaneous @entity8 (SPK) transplantation is an effective treatment for @entity1 suffering from @entity6 . Conventional immunosuppressive treatments include @entity230 that may induce insulin resistance and are responsible for many side effects. In de novo SPK, early withdrawal of corticosteroids may be an important issue. METHODS: A total of 24 consecutive @entity1 with @entity6 had been treated by SPK transplantation. All of them had a short induction therapy with anti-thymoglobulin (ATG) and @entity230 for only 4 days, association with CellCept and @entity1140 . The rate of acute rejection, graft and @entity1 survival and side effects have been analysed. RESULTS: @entity1 and kidney survival was 100% and the pancreas survival was 95.6% at 1 year. The rate of acute rejection of kidney and pancreas was 4.2% and 8.3% at 6 months, respectively. The mean serum @entity1011 was 98.9+/-19.6 micromol/l and the mean HbA1c concentration was 5.1%+/-0.5% at 6 months. Only four @entity1 developed a @entity2803 , associated in one case with @entity55 , whereas 75% of @entity1 developed a @entity2348 . Because of the occurrence of @entity1210 and/or @entity294 , CellCept has been dramatically decreased in 33% of cases and required the re-introduction of @entity230 . CONCLUSION: A short induction with ATG and @entity230 associated with a chronic therapy with CellCept and @entity1140 is safe and efficient in preventing acute renal rejection in SPK.

title: Very early steroid withdrawal in simultaneous XXXX transplants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus primo-infection']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['pancreas-kidney']


abstract: AIM: To determine cardiac outcomes of foetal @entity4 as a result of @entity14244 treated with laser surgery. METHODS: Hydrops identified in 16 recipient foetuses with @entity14244 was treated with laser ablation surgery to anastomotic vessels. Prior to laser surgery, the foetuses were assessed by echocardiography for @entity299 and @entity67 . After delivery, echocardiography was performed on 15 of the 16 newborn @entity1 . RESULTS: Foetal echocardiography indicated impaired biventricular function in the 16 hydropic foetuses. Five foetuses had little or no forward flow through the pulmonary valve, while four had @entity338 . Following laser surgery performed at a mean of 22.9 weeks gestation, @entity4 resolved in all cases. Delivery occurred at a mean of 33.6 weeks gestation. Post-natal echocardiography revealed @entity299 in five neonates, of whom three had @entity3585 . One preterm @entity1 with severe @entity849 died with intractable @entity712 . CONCLUSION: The majority of hydropic @entity1 with twin-win transfusion syndrome have normal cardiac outcomes following intrauterine laser surgery. As up to one-third may have @entity299 , cardiological monitoring is recommended during the first year of life.

title: Cardiac outcomes of @entity4 as a result of XXXX treated with laser surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular and valvular dysfunction']

answer: @entity14244 :: (MESH:D005330,Disease) :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Laparoscopic and robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy have been widely adopted for the management of small renal masses; however, usage in T1b (greater than 4cm) lesions is less established. Herein, we report a review on the published series of minimally invasive partial nephrectomies for such renal masses. RECENT FINDINGS: Several institutions have described laparoscopic and robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy as a safe management option for pathologic T1b lesions. The oncologic results are promising, with low positive margin rates and few cases of progressive disease. Longer-term @entity8 does not appear at an increasing rate in this cohort of @entity1 . The safety profile appears acceptable; however, there is a slightly increased rate of complications in these cohorts of @entity1 . SUMMARY: Laparoscopic and robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy is a well tolerated and viable option for performing minimally invasive surgical extirpation of cT1b renal masses. The oncologic and functional results are excellent with acceptable safety profiles. In @entity1 with such masses minimally invasive partial nephrectomy should be considered for elective and absolute indications. In order to achieve excellent functional and oncologic outcomes with minimal perioperative complications an experienced surgeon with assistant and assessment of @entity5 with @entity1 comorbidities are important.

title: Robotic and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for T1b XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Ugni molinae Turcz, also known as "Murtilla", is a plant that grows in the south of Chile. Infusions of its leaves have long been used in traditional native herbal medicine. The chemical composition of the leaves indicates the presence of @entity6398 , which have antioxidant properties. In the present work, the antioxidant properties of U. molinae were evaluated in @entity1 erythrocytes exposed in vitro to oxidative stress induced by @entity9785 . The experiments were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and @entity2142 measurements. The SEM observations showed that @entity9785 induced a morphological alteration in the red blood cells from a discoid to an echinocytic form. According to the bilayer couple hypothesis, the formation of echinocytes indicates that @entity9785 was inserted in the outer leaflet of the erythrocyte membrane. However, a concentration as low as 10 microM @entity11676 equivalents (GAE) U. molinae aqueous extract neutralized the shape change effect of @entity9785 applied in a concentration as high as 0.25 mM. The significant protection of U. molinae aqueous extract was also shown in the @entity2142 experiments. In fact, very low concentrations of the extract considerably reduced the deleterious capacity of @entity9785 to induce @entity2142 in red blood cells. It is concluded that the location of the extract components into the membrane bilayer and the resulting restriction on its fluidity might hinder the diffusion of @entity9785 and its consequent damaging effects. This conclusion can also imply that this restriction could apply to the diffusion of free radicals into cell membranes and the subsequent decrease of the kinetics of free radical reactions.

title: Protective effect of Ugni molinae Turcz against oxidative damage of XXXX erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity11676 :: ('MESH:D005707', 'Chemical') :: ['gallic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The morphology of the @entity989 ( @entity989 ), choriocapillaris and Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) have been studied by light and electron microscopy in the @entity9215 ( @entity9215 ). The @entity989 is composed of a single layer of large columnar cells. The basal (scleral) border of these cells is minimally infolded, whereas the apical (vitreal) surface displays numerous pigment-laden processes which in light-adaptation surround both rod and cone outer segments. Laterally the @entity989 cells are joined by a series of basally located tight junctions. Wandering phagocytes are a constant feature within this epithelial membrane. The @entity989 cells display a large, vesicular nucleus, numerous mitochondria, much smooth endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes, myeloid bodies, phagosomes and melanosomes. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is relatively scarce within these cells. Although only light-adapted specimens were examined, it is thought that the melanosomes are capable of extensive @entity717 . The endothelium of the choriocapillaris facing Bruch's membrane is typically very thin but shows few fenestrations. Bruch's membrane is typical of other teleost species in that it is composed of only three layers.

title: Retinal pigment epithelial fine structure in the XXXX ( @entity9215 ).

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['retinomotor movement']

entities_list: @entity9215 :: ('50733', 'Species') :: ['Astronotus ocellatus', 'velvet cichlid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity9215 :: (50733,Species) :: ['velvet cichlid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on clinical, surgical, pathologic features, and surgical morbidity in the management of @entity1 with @entity1204 . MATERIALS _ METHODS: All @entity1204 @entity1 who were surgically treated in our institution between January 1, 2003 and January 1, 2006 were eligible for the study. Forty-two out of 60 @entity1 were included in the analysis from our @entity5 database. The @entity1 were divided into three groups: BMI < 30, BMI 30-40, BMI > 40. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS for Windows (version 11; SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). RESULTS: Lymphadenectomy as part of surgical staging was performed in 90.5% of all @entity1 . Although @entity1 with a BMI > 40 were less likely to have positive lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI) (p = 0.042), chance of deep myometrial invasion and positive lymph nodes (18%) were the same as for @entity1 with a BMI < 30. @entity1 with a BMI > 40 had statistically longer operating times when compared to @entity1 with a BMI < 40 (p = 0.039). Wound separation rate was statistically higher in the morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (p = 0.01). Average number of lymph nodes removed, hospital days, intraoperative and overall postoperative complication rates did not differ among the three groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that comprehensive surgical staging can be performed adequately and safely in @entity28 and morbidly @entity28 @entity1204 @entity1 with no difference in length of hospital stay, @entity260 . As a result adjuvant treatment of morbidly @entity28 @entity1 can be planned accordingly preventing under or over treatment.

title: Impact of morbid @entity28 in surgical management of XXXX : surgical morbidity, clinical and pathological aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: Previous studies in our laboratories suggest that oral administration of some herbal extracts reduce blood @entity413 concentrations in @entity35 , possibly by interfering with food consumption and/or gastrointestinal absorption of food. Accordingly, we monitored the amounts of food consumed and body weights in separate groups of nondiabetic and @entity3839 -treated @entity6 @entity35 , orally treated with some plant extracts (20 mg 100 g -1 body weight) daily for 5 weeks. Control animals were administered the vehicle, @entity1792 buffer (0.1 ml 100 g -1 body weight). Separate groups of @entity35 administered allopathic hypoglycemic drugs @entity2449 (50 mg 100 g -1 body weight) or @entity5217 (5 microg 100 g -1 body weight) acted as positive control animals. After 5 weeks, blood @entity413 concentrations were reduced in all the groups. Tapinanthus nyasicus leaf, Ficus thoningii bark, Solanum incanum fruit, and Morus alba leaf extracts decreased weekly food consumption throughout the 5-week study period. Similar results were obtained for the groups treated with @entity2449 or @entity5217 . However, food consumption was increased by S. incanum root, Aloe chabaudii leaf, or Allium sativum bulb extracts, and this was associated with high prevalence of @entity294 . The herbal extracts and @entity2449 did not affect serum insulin concentration in nondiabetic @entity35 , while @entity5217 increased serum insulin concentration. In conclusion, it may be inferred that the herbal extracts examined produced @entity4053 , probably by interfering with either food intake or gastrointestinal @entity413 absorption (as reported for @entity2449 ). These findings merit long-term investigation.

title: Effects of oral administration of some herbal extracts on food consumption and blood XXXX levels in normal and @entity3839 -treated @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: In a retrospective study the clinical data of ten consecutive @entity1 with a @entity2477 ( @entity2477 ) confined to the supratentorial compartment are presented. The lesions were almost equally distributed among the cerebral cortex with three cavernomas each in the parietal and temporal region and two lesions each being located in the frontal and occipital lobes. The predominant clinical symptoms were either focal or generalized @entity410 which occurred in 8 @entity1 . One @entity1 became symptomatic due to an intracerebral bleeding from the @entity2477 , one @entity1 developed a @entity227 from an occipitally localized @entity2477 . In 7 @entity1 the neurological status on admission was normal, two @entity1 had signs of a slowly progressing psychosyndroma, one @entity1 had a homonymous @entity1805 . The time interval from onset of symptoms to final diagnosis showed a considerable variability ranging from one months to 33 years. Only in half of the @entity1 this interval was less than 6 months. CT-scan was the most important radiological procedure for the diagnosis of these @entity600 , while MRI may be even more sensible in detecting these lesions in the future. The treatment of choice for these @entity5 is microneurosurgical extirpation. This can be accomplished with neglectible morbidity leading to a significant decrease of the preoperative incidence and severity of @entity302 .

title: XXXX of the supratentorial compartment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumorous vascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous angioma', 'cavernoma']

answer: @entity2477 :: (MESH:D006392,Disease) :: ['Cavernous angiomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sports and physical activity are major components of a healthy lifestyle. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between sport and physical activity and @entity285 consumption among adolescent students based on gender. POPULATION AND METHODS: Descriptive, crosssectional, comparative study conducted in adolescent students (aged between 14 and 17 years old) from the Region of Murcia in 2014. Sport and physical activity was assessed using a validated, adapted survey that included both the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Monitoring the Future survey. Eleven school facilities from different districts of the Region of Murcia (Spain) participated. RESULTS: Five hundred and sixty-four adolescent students were included. Among @entity1 , 51.8% reported to be regularly active, versus 21.8% of @entity1 . Significant differences were observed in terms of @entity285 consumption by gender (31.1% for @entity1 versus 48.2% for @entity1 , p = 0.000). A significant, reverse relationship between sport and physical activity and @entity285 consumption was observed among both @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The level of sport and physical activity is higher among adolescent @entity1 than @entity1 . Sport and physical activity shows a positive association with a lower level of @entity285 consumption among both genders.

title: Relationship between sport and physical activity and XXXX consumption among adolescents students in Murcia (Spain).

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity6 , the changes that accompany menopause may further diminish glycemic control. Little is known about how @entity34 ( @entity34 ) affects @entity413 metabolism in @entity6 . The aim of this study was to examine whether HbA(1c) levels varied by current @entity34 among @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a cohort of 15,435 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were members of a health maintenance organization, HbA(1c) and @entity34 were assessed by reviewing records in the health plan's computerized laboratory and pharmacy systems. Sociodemographic and clinical information were collected by survey. RESULTS: The mean age was 64.7 years (SD +/- 8.7). The study cohort comprised 55% non-Hispanic whites, 14% non-Hispanic blacks, 12% Hispanics, 11% Asians, 4% "other" ethnic groups, and 4% with missing ethnicity data. Current @entity34 was observed in 25% of @entity1 . HbA(1c) levels were significantly lower in @entity1 currently using @entity34 than in @entity1 not using @entity34 (age-adjusted mean +/- SE: 7.9 +/- 0.03 vs. 8.5 +/- 0.02, respectively, P = 0.0001). No differences in HbA(1c) level were observed between @entity1 using unopposed @entity172 and @entity1 using opposed estrogens. In a Generalized Estimating Equation model, which took into account @entity1 clustering within physician and adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, @entity28 , hypoglycemic therapy, @entity6 duration, self-monitoring of blood @entity413 , and exercise, @entity34 remained significantly and independently associated with decreased HbA(1c) levels (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity34 was independently associated with decreased HbA(1c) level. Clinical trials will be necessary to understand whether @entity34 may improve glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Hormone replacement therapy is associated with better glycemic control in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 : The Northern California Kaiser Permanente @entity6 Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HRT', 'hormone replacement therapy']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']