abstract: @entity2026 causes significant disability and handicap among @entity64 survivors. Language therapy is recommended for aphasic @entity1 , but not always available. @entity2475 , an old drug with novel properties, has been shown to have mild beneficial effects on post- @entity64 @entity2026 . In the current study, we investigated the effects of 6 months treatment with @entity2475 on @entity2026 following @entity64 . Thirty @entity1 with first-ever @entity385 and related @entity2026 were enrolled in the study. The scores for the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and G  lhane @entity2026 Test were recorded. The @entity1 were scheduled randomly to receive either 4.8 g @entity2475 daily or placebo treatment for 6 months. At the end of 24 weeks, clinical assessments and @entity2026 tests were repeated. The level of improvement in the clinical parameters and @entity2026 scores was compared between the two groups. All @entity1 had large lesions and severe @entity2026 . No significant difference was observed between the @entity2475 and placebo groups regarding the improvements in the NIHSS, BI and mRS scores at the end of the treatment. The improvements observed in spontaneous speech, reading fluency, auditory comprehension, reading comprehension, repetition, and naming were not significantly different in the @entity2475 and placebo groups, the difference reached significance only for auditory comprehension in favor of @entity2475 at the end of the treatment. @entity2475 is well-tolerated in @entity1 with post- @entity64 @entity2026 . @entity2475 taken orally in a daily dose of 4.8 g for 6 months has no clear beneficial effect on post- @entity64 .

title: Does long term use of XXXX improve speech disturbances due to ischemic cerebrovascular diseases?

entities_list: @entity2475 :: ('MESH:D010889', 'Chemical') :: ['Piracetam', 'piracetam']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'stroke language disorders']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['Aphasia', 'aphasia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity2475 :: (MESH:D010889,Chemical) :: ['piracetam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the decrease in junior doctor hours, the advent of specialist registrars, and the availability of highly trained and experienced nursing personnel, the service needs of @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 attending routine outpatient clinics may be better provided by appropriately trained nurse practitioners. METHODS: A randomised controlled crossover trial was used to compare nurse practitioner led care with doctor led care in a @entity4595 outpatient clinic. Eighty @entity1 were recruited and randomised to receive 1 year of nurse led care and 1 year of doctor led care in random order. @entity1 were followed up for 2 years to ensure @entity1 safety and acceptability and to assess differences in lung function. Outcome measures were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)), 12 minute walk test, health related quality of life, and resource use. RESULTS: The mean difference in FEV(1) was 0.2% predicted (95% confidence interval -1.6 to 2.0%, p=0.83). There were no significant differences in the other clinical or health related quality of life measures. Nurse led care resulted in significantly increased resource use compared with doctor led care (mean difference pound 1497, 95% confidence interval pound 688 to pound 2674, p<0.001), a large part of which resulted from the number and duration of hospital admissions. The mean difference in resource use was greater in the first year ( pound 2625) than in the second year ( pound 411). CONCLUSIONS: Nurse practitioner led care for stable @entity1 within a chronic chest clinic is safe and is as effective as doctor led care, but may use more resources.

title: A randomised controlled crossover trial of nurse practitioner versus doctor led outpatient care in a XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The FAO has recommended replacing the protein digestibility-corrected @entity535 score (PDCAAS) with the digestible indispensable @entity535 score (DIAAS). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare aspects underlying the calculation of the DIAAS and PDCAAS, including 1) fecal digestibility vs. ileal digestibility, 2) using a single @entity1568 digestibility value for all @entity1522 , and 3) the effect of truncation. Truncated PDCAAS and untruncated DIAAS values calculated as formally defined were also compared and DIAAS data presented for 14 dietary protein sources. METHODS: Semisynthetic @entity3505 starch-based diets were formulated to contain the test protein (as consumed by @entity1 ) source (whey- and soy-protein isolates, milk-, whey-, @entity579 - and @entity3587 - protein concentrates, cooked @entity11297 , roasted peanuts, cooked @entity3587 , @entity4336 -based breakfast cereal, cooked @entity579 , cooked rolled oats, and @entity3505 bran) as the sole @entity1568 source and with an indigestible marker ( @entity6701 ). Growing male @entity35 (   250 g bodyweight) were given a basal casein-based diet from day 1 to day 7 and then allocated (n = 6) to the test diets for day 8 to day 14 before ileal digesta were collected after the @entity35 were killed. Total feces were collected from day 11 to day 14. RESULTS: True fecal @entity1568 digestibility was different (P < 0.05; 10% difference on average) from true ileal @entity1568 digestibility for 11 of the 14 protein sources. True ileal @entity1568 digestibility was different (P < 0.05) from true ileal @entity535 digestibility for almost half of the indispensable and conditionally indispensable @entity1522 (differences ranged from 0.9% to 400%). DIAAS values ranged from 0.01 for a @entity4336 -based cereal to 1.18 for milk protein concentrate. CONCLUSION: Untruncated PDCAAS values were generally higher than a DIAAS values, especially for the poorer quality proteins; therefore, the reported differences in the scores are of potential practical importance for populations in which dietary protein intake may be marginal.

title: Protein digestibility-corrected @entity535 scores and digestible indispensable XXXX scores differentially describe protein quality in growing male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4503 ( @entity4503 ) represents the most common @entity299 in the adult age. It is frequently associated with dilatation, @entity439 and dissection of the ascending aorta. The purpose of the following study was to evaluate in @entity1 with @entity4503 : 1) the elastic properties of the ascending aorta, 2) the mechanical function of the left ventricle and 3) stiffness, elasticity and strain of the epi-aortic vessels wall. METHODS: Forty @entity4503 @entity1 (28M/12F; age 20.9    4.7 years; range 17-26) with no or mild @entity340 were recruited with 40 control subjects (25M/15F; age 23.4    3.4 years; range 15-31) matched for age, gender and body surface area (BSA). @entity6475 , aortic distensibility (AoDIS) and @entity2333 index (AoSI) were derived. Left ventricular strain was acquired. Elastic properties of epi-aortic vessels were evaluated. RESULTS: BAVs vs. controls had increased systolic and diastolic aortic diameters (p<0.001). @entity6475 (%) was lower in BAVs than in controls (8.3    3.6 vs. 11.2    2.6; p<0.001) as well as AoDIS (10(-6)cm(2)dyn(-1)) (6.5    2.8 vs. 8.8    2.9; p=0.002), while AoSI was greater in BAVs (6.4    3.5 vs. 3.9    1.2; p<0.001). Both AoDIS and aortic strain were related to aortic size in BAVs and controls. @entity1002 (p=0.01), circumferential (p=0.01) and radial (p<0.001) strain (%) were lower in BAVs. No significant differences were found in elastic properties of epi-aortic vessels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4503 is associated with an increased @entity2333 and with a reduction of the aortic and left ventricular deformation properties. Epi-aortic vessels do not seem to be interested by the disease. The use of an echocardiographic method that can estimate the degree of aortic and left ventricular remodeling can provide great benefits in the selection of @entity1 with @entity4503 to be treated and in determining the time for beginning drug therapy.

title: Aortic and left ventricular remodeling in XXXX with bicuspid aortic valve without significant @entity340 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['Bicuspid aortic valve', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic strain']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac congenital malformation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular impairment']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular longitudinal']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of @entity8 after @entity348 ( @entity348 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1990 and 1997, 64 @entity1 (median age 50 years) received @entity348 as part of the conditioning regimen before bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Five @entity1 with @entity8 at the beginning of treatment or with incomplete data were excluded. All @entity1 received a total of 12 Gy (6 fractions twice daily for 3 consecutive days) prescribed to the peak lung dose (corrected for lung transmission) at a dose rate of 7.5 cGy/min. Renal shielding was not used. @entity8 was assessed on the basis of the serum @entity1011 levels measured at the start and end of @entity348 and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after completion of BMT. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to evaluate the various factors known to affect renal function. RESULTS: Only 4 @entity1 had elevated serum @entity1011 levels at 12 months and subsequently only 2 of the 33 surviving @entity1 had persistent elevated renal serum @entity1011 levels 24 months after BMT. A fifth @entity1 developed @entity644 and mildly elevated serum @entity1011 levels at 2.5 years. In 2 @entity1 , the elevation coincided with disease relapse and normalized once remission was achieved. In the third @entity1 , the elevation in serum @entity1011 levels coincided with relapse of @entity1582 and the presence of Bence-Jones @entity644 . The fourth @entity1 was the only @entity1 who developed @entity177 secondary to @entity1310 at 2 years. The etiology of the fifth @entity1 's rise in @entity1011 was unknown, but may have been secondary to @entity1310 . On univariate analysis, but not on multivariate analysis, a significant correlation was found between @entity348 -related @entity8 and @entity101 before and after BMT. CONCLUSION: A dose of 12 Gy at 2 Gy/fraction resulted in only 1 case of @entity1310 in the 59 @entity1 studied 24 months after the completion of @entity348 and BMT.

title: XXXX after @entity348 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal dysfunction', 'renal dysfunction', 'abnormal renal function']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['radiation nephritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal toxicity']


abstract: A 34-year-old female presented with @entity221 and @entity490 . Past medical history includes @entity30 . Examination revealed multiple skin ulcerations, oral aphthae, and bilateral coarse rales. She developed @entity649 with diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph requiring intubation. PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 132. The chest computed tomography revealed extensive nodular and patchy ground-glass opacities. Bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated a predominance of neutrophils. Methylprednisolone 60 mg every 6 h and broad-spectrum antimicrobials were initiated. No infectious etiologies were identified. Surgical lung biopsy demonstrated @entity16 ( @entity16 ) mixed with lymphocytic and @entity1333 with multiple small @entity1188 and thrombi consistent with @entity1333 . As she improved, steroids were tapered and discharged home on oral cyclophosphamide. @entity358 in Behcet's is unusual and commonly manifests as @entity438 , @entity715 , @entity1188 , and @entity548 . Lung biopsy findings demonstrating @entity16 are consistent with the clinical diagnosis of @entity4479 @entity649 . The additional findings of @entity1333 and @entity1188 may have led to @entity16 .

title: Surgical lung biopsy to diagnose XXXX with @entity4479 @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis', "Behcet's vasculitis"]

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage', 'DAD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's and Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['Behcet's vasculitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the cosmesis and @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity0 who received treatment with accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using interstitial brachytherapy. METHODS: From April 1993 to December 2001, 199 @entity1 with Stage I-II @entity0 received breast-conserving therapy with APBI to the @entity5 bed alone through a low-dose-rate (LDR) or @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) implant. A template guide was used. The LDR dose was 50 Gray (Gy) over 96 hours; the outpatient @entity1168 implant delivered 32 Gy in 8-Gy or 34 Gy in 10-Gy twice-daily fractions. Cosmesis (Harvard criteria) and @entity137 (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group guidelines) were assessed at < or = 6 months, 2 years, and 5 years. RESULTS: The median follow up was 6.4 years. @entity5026 , @entity4 , @entity5105 , and @entity2117 all diminished over time. @entity0 and @entity4182 increased until the 2-year mark and then stabilized. Fat @entity39 and @entity8721 increased over time, with a fat @entity39 rate of 11% at 5 years. Nearly all @entity8721 (34% at 5 yrs) were Grade 1 (< 2 mm). The remaining @entity137 were Grade 1 at all follow-up intervals. Infections (11%) occurred predominantly within the first month after treatment. Good-to-excellent cosmetic outcomes were noted in 95-99% of @entity1 over time; cosmetic results stabilized at 2 years with excellent results increased out to 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: APBI with interstitial brachytherapy resulted in mild chronic @entity137 , the majority of which diminished or reached a plateau over time. Long-term cosmesis was good to excellent in 95-99% of @entity1 and stabilized at 2 years.

title: Long-term cosmetic results and @entity137 after accelerated partial-breast irradiation: a method of radiation delivery by interstitial brachytherapy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias', 'telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'early-stage breast carcinoma', 'Breast fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['Breast pain']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast carcinoma']


abstract: We report long-term results of high-dose @entity786 , @entity2879 and @entity3003 with ABMT in 20 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Median age of the group was 41 years, ECOG performance status = 0 in 18 @entity1 and 1 in two @entity1 . Twelve @entity1 had received adjuvant chemotherapy. Predominant sites of @entity3 were lung (eight), chest wall (four), liver (four), bone (three) and lymph nodes (three). Response to pretransplant chemotherapy was complete (CR) in four @entity1 , partial (PR) in 10 @entity1 and stable (SD) in five @entity1 . After high-dose chemotherapy eight @entity1 were in CR, six PR, four SD and one @entity74 . Two @entity1 died of regimen-related @entity137 ( @entity295 and @entity548 ). With a median follow-up period of 55 months (minimum 48 months), 12 @entity1 have died of recurrent @entity0 , one died of @entity137 of salvage chemotherapy, two are alive with disease, two are alive and free of @entity74 . One @entity1 with @entity66 was lost to follow-up. Median event-free survival is 6 months and median overall survival is 17 months. All three of the long-term disease-free survivors had predominantly nodal disease. Two of these three @entity1 presented with metastatic disease and received high-dose chemotherapy with ABMT as part of initial therapy for @entity0 ; two of three attained CR to standard-dose cytoreductive therapy; none received @entity632 -containing adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: High-dose @entity786 , @entity2879 and @entity3003 with autologous bone marrow support for metastatic XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['candidal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Our objective was to prospectively study febrile and chill reactions associated with two @entity2379 (AB) infusion rates, slow (2-hour) versus rapid (45 minute). Seventeen consenting bone marrow transplant recipients in whom AB was to be initiated for documented or suspected @entity364 were recruited. After standardized premedication, @entity1 received eight daily AB infusions (0.5 mg/kg/d, concentration 0.25 mg/ml). Rate was assigned using a randomized, crossover pair design. Axillary temperature, chills, and @entity6882 dose required to resolve chills were monitored for each infusion. For the first pair of infusions, fever (defined as a rise of 1 degree C) occurred frequently, in 12 of 17 (70.5 percent) and 13 of 17 @entity1 (76.4 percent), with a mean rise of 1.7 degrees C (range 1.1-3.7) and 1.7 degrees C (1.1-3.5) degrees for the 45-minute and 2-hour infusions, respectively (p greater than 0.10). Chills were observed in 15 of 17 (88.2 percent) and 14 of 17 (82.3 percent) recipients of the 45-minute and 2-hour infusions, respectively. The time of onset (p greater than 0.10) and the duration of chills (p = 0.08) were similar for both infusion rates. @entity6882 requirements for rapid and slow infusions were similar as well (p = 0.12). These data suggest that for @entity1 free of preexisting @entity8 , rapid AB infusions are well tolerated and produce adverse reactions (fever and chills) similar in nature and severity to slower infusions.

title: Effect of infusion rate on XXXX -associated febrile reactions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['Meperidine', 'meperidine']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 10090 Background: Even if all randomized trials failed to demonstrate significant advantage for combination, most of @entity242 experts are reluctant to administer single-agent regimen in all categories of pts and suspect that combination could be beneficial in some particular subsets of pts that need to be objectively identified. METHODS: The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors (PF) for 3 subsets of pts receiving different combination regimens: 469 pts having received CYVADIC regimen (1976-89), 925 pts having received @entity632 + @entity1260 (AI) and 403 pts having received MAID regimen (1990-2009). "Other @entity3 " termed non-lung, non-liver and non-bone @entity3 . The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The PF have been identified using log-rank tests and Cox model. RESULTS: The median OS of pts treated with CYVADIC was 10 months. The potential PF identified by univariate analysis were PS>0 (p<0.0001), grade>1 (0.0057), other @entity3 (p=0.0005). The multivariate analysis retains the following independent F: @entity13769 (HR=2.27), @entity13770 (HR=3.48) and Grade III (OR=2.72). The median OS of pts treated with AI was 13.0 months. The potential PF were age >= 40 (p=0.0008), PS>0 (p<0.0001), grade (p=0.0019), other primary location than limbs or superficial trunk (p=0.0468), presence of liver @entity3 (p=0.0016) and presence of other met. (p=0.0024). The multivariate analysis retained the following independent PF: grade III (HR=1.97), presence of liver met. (HR=1.44) and presence of other met. (HR=1.33). The median OS of pts treated with MAID was 26.3 months. The potential poor PF identified by univariate analysis were: PS>0 (p<0.0001), grade (p=0.0057) and presence of other met. (p=0.0005). The multivariate analysis retains the following independent PF: @entity13769 (HR=2.27), @entity13770 (HR=3.48) and Grade III (HR=2.72). CONCLUSIONS: Three PF seemed to be associated with longer OS in @entity1 with @entity242 and treated with combination regimens: good PS, low grade and @entity409 /other met. The role of poly-chemotherapy warrants further exploration in these subgroups of pts.

title: Exploratory analysis of prognostic factors for @entity1 (pts) with @entity242 ( @entity242 ) receiving combination chemotherapy: A joined study of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group and the XXXX Group.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'ASTS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['absence of liver']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['French Sarcoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of stenting in upper airway reconstructions for benign laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) with a newly designed prosthesis, the LT-Mold   . The LT-Mold and its proper use during open surgery and endoscopy are described, and the experience gathered from a prospectively collected database on 65 @entity1 treated for complex LTS or severe @entity1173 is reported. This series is compared to the results of other stenting methods. All @entity1 were available for evaluation. In all but one case, the prosthesis was removed at the end of the study. The new prosthesis did not induce any stent-related @entity130 to the supraglottis, glottis and subglottis. Before adding a distal round-shaped @entity1346 cap to the LT-Mold, granulation tissue was usually seen at the stent-mucosal interface at the tracheostoma level. In 14 cases, there has been a spontaneous extrusion of the prosthesis through the mouth; this problem was solved by fixing the prosthesis through the reinforced portion of the prosthesis at the cap level and by adding one fixation stitch in the supraglottis. We have to document the loss of the @entity1346 cap in three cases. This problem was resolved by designing a new prototype with an integrated cap, glued with a slow hardening @entity1346 glue. Fifty-four (83 %) of 65 @entity1 were decannulated after a mean duration of stenting of 3 months (range 1-12 months). The mean follow-up after decannulation was 23 months (range 1 month to 10 years). The experience gathered with the LT-Mold shows that long-term stenting for complex LTS is safely achieved when the prosthesis is used with its distal integrated @entity1346 cap. The softness and smoothness of the prosthesis with a round-shaped configuration of both extremities help avoid ulceration and granulation tissue formation in the reconstructed airway. Adequate fixation is mandatory to avoid extrusion.

title: Airway stenting with the LT-Mold    for severe glotto-subglottic stenosis or intractable XXXX : experience in 65 cases.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2024 Background: Similar to @entity6023 , @entity21597 are a class of naturally occurring cytotoxic macrolides that stabilize microtubules and induce @entity1167 , retaining potency in P-glycoprotein MDR cell lines. 6 schedules of @entity57117 were investigated in phase I trials. METHODS: As the optimal schedule in the @entity19 xenograft model used prolonged exposure (6-hr IV infusion at 30 mg/kg) to reach plasma steady state Css=425 ng/mL, two CI schedules were attempted: a 24-hr CI (Schedule A) and up to 72-hr CI (Schedule B) q 2 weeks. Steady state is difficult to maintain for a drug with a rapid alpha distribution, hence a loading dose (75 mg/hr for 30 min) was incorporated, followed by maintenance dose. RESULTS: 24 pts have been enrolled (median age 62 yrs, range 28-86 yrs; 7 F/17 M; median KPS 80; median prior regimens 3, range 0-10): 17 on Schedule A, 7 on Schedule B. Eighty total infusions have been administered. 4 dose levels have been tested on Schedule A (1, 2, 4 and 6 mg/hr rates); 2 dose levels on Schedule B (1 and 1.7 mg/hr). Drug-related @entity137 includes mild-to-moderate @entity1295 , @entity390 / @entity490 , @entity1296 , and neurosensory. One episode of grade 3 neurosensory occurred at 6 mg/hr x 24-hr CI; this dose group is being expanded. AUC=Css(SD) at this dose was 12300 ng/mL*h; constant dosing at 7 mg/h for 23.5 h would theoretically achieve a Css=423 ng/mL (Css=AUCSD(   n  >    n+1) /   ). Pts dosed at 4 mg/h for 23.5h achieved Css=200 ng/mL. Comparison of PK between short infusion and CI showed similar results (mean  SD) CL=6.7  2.7 v 8.7  2.9 L/h/m(2); half-life 10.3  2.9 v 10.8  2.3 hours; Vz 96  41 v136  59 L/m(2); MRT 10.0  3.6 v 17.1  4.5 hours. As a marker of biologic activity, PBMCs were examined for microtubule bundle formation at the end of the CI. On Schedule A, 15 and 20% bundle formation at 4 and 6 mg/h was observed, respectively, indicating that there was significant polymerization over this period of time. Signs of antitumor activity included 1 pt with @entity1494 (shrinkage of primarily @entity66 ) and 1 pt with prostate ca (25% decline in PSA). CONCLUSIONS: Biologic activity at tolerable doses has been noted and accrual continues to define the recommended dose. [Table: see text].

title: Phase I study using continuous intravenous (CI) XXXX ( @entity57117 ) in patients with solid tumors.

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21597 :: ('MESH:D034261', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilones']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder ca']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic arrest']

answer: @entity57117 :: (MESH:C114026,Chemical) :: ['KOS-862']


abstract: We report herein a case with @entity5 previously treated with TS-1 completely responding to second-line chemotherapy with weekly @entity1311 therapy. A 65-year-old female was diagnosed as having type 3 @entity356 with para-aortic lymph node @entity3 . She underwent total gastrectomy with extended lymph node dissection on March 2003. Histopathological examination revealed that the @entity5 was poorly-differentiated @entity420 with para-aortic lymph nodes @entity3 and completely resected. After the operation,she was treated by adjuvant chemotherapy with TS-1. In March of 2004, she suffered from @entity811 , and a CT scan revealed para-aortic lymph nodes @entity3 and left kidney @entity3 . Then, she was treated by a weekly infusion of @entity1311 as second-line chemotherapy. After 3 courses, the @entity5 disappeared and efficacy was judged as CR. Moreover, CR was maintained after 7 courses. At this writing in January of 2005, she is well and has been treated with @entity1311 without any severe adverse events. Therefore, weekly @entity1311 therapy was considered to be one of the promising second-line chemotherapies for advanced or recurrent @entity356 previously treated by TS-1.

title: [A case of XXXX previously treated with TS-1 completely responding to second-line chemotherapy with weekly @entity1311 therapy].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IV gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage IV gastric cancer']


abstract: A prospective study of 500 consecutive @entity1 of primary @entity2747 was undertaken to study the clinical profile of the three subtypes: acute, subacute, and chronic. A record of age and sex distributions, symptomatology, the best corrected visual acuity, gonioscopy, visual fields, methods of control of intraocular pressure, and status of the second eye was maintained. Statistical analysis of these parameters and the subtypes of @entity2747 was carried out using the chi-square test. Angle @entity726 constituted 45.9% of all primary @entity726 seen. 24.8% of these had @entity2747 , 31.2% subacute, and 44% chronic @entity726 . Angle @entity726 occurred maximally in the sixth decade and females constituted 51.4% of those affected. The difference in symptoms among the subtypes was significant (p < 0.001). More than 80% of the chronic eyes had no significant symptoms. Visual field defects specific for @entity726 were seen in only 15.1% of chronic @entity726 . Bilaterality was commonest in subacute @entity2747 (95.5%) and least in acute angle closure 35.5%. Nd YAG iridotomy alone or with topical medication controlled the intraocular pressure in 48.3% of @entity2747 , 78.8% of subacutes, and 30% of chronic eyes. Statistically, each parameter reviewed was significantly different among the subtypes. There are considerable differences as well as an overlap of clinical features in the subtypes of @entity2747 , which suggest some anatomical differences or dissimilar pathogenic mechanisms in these eyes.

title: Profile of the subtypes of XXXX in a tertiary hospital in north India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'adult glaucomas', 'glaucoma eyes', 'closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle closure glaucoma', 'acute angle closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['angle closure glaucoma']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1582 may respond to chemotherapy but two-thirds of @entity1 with severe cardiac involvement die within a year of diagnosis, purportedly from @entity591 or electromechanical dissociation. We sought to characterize the nature of @entity943 in severe @entity299 using implanted cardiac rhythm recorders. METHODS AND RESULTS: Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) were inserted within 24 h of baseline evaluation at the UK National @entity2783 Centre, into 20 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed severe @entity299 and symptoms of @entity1163 or pre- @entity1163 . Weekly ILR recordings and additional recordings at the time of symptoms were obtained. Median (range) follow-up from baseline was 308 (10-399) days. Thirteen @entity1 died, and median survival in the whole cohort was 61 days from device insertion. In each of eight evaluable cases, @entity204 was heralded by @entity1168 , usually associated with complete @entity713 (CAVB), followed shortly thereafter by pulseless electrical activity. Four @entity1 received pacemakers, a median (range) of 7 (3-38) h after development of symptomatic CAVB, but these did not prevent rapid @entity299 and @entity204 in three cases. Despite 272 loop recordings, there was only one episode of non-sustained @entity1165 , which was preceded by severe @entity1168 . @entity1 who died had significantly worse global left ventricular strain on echocardiography (P = 0.029) and reduced 6 min walk distance (P = 0.048) at baseline compared with survivors. CONCLUSIONS: The discovery that @entity1168 heralded @entity299 in most @entity1 with severe @entity299 supports a study of prophylactic pacemaker insertion in this @entity1 population.

title: A study of implanted cardiac rhythm recorders in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac decompensation', 'cardiac AL amyloidosis', 'terminal cardiac decompensation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia', 'bradyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac AL amyloidosis']


abstract: @entity2664 and @entity2879 have both been shown to be effective in de novo @entity3052 . Therefore, the combination of @entity2664 and @entity2879 , the NOVE regimen, was examined in the treatment of @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) transformed into @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Twenty-one previously untreated @entity1 (eight females, thirteen males) with a median age of 56 years (range 28-67 years) were studied. Diagnosis of @entity2590 was made within the range of six months to three years before transformation into @entity3052 occurred. The NOVE regimen consisted of @entity2664 10 mg/m2 day 1-5, and of @entity2879 100 mg/m2 day 1-5. After one single course of therapy eleven @entity1 achieved a complete remission (CR) and three @entity1 a partial remission (PR). Nine @entity1 (six in CR and three in PR) received a second course, and the PR was completed to a CR in one @entity1 . Thus, the overall response rate was 66% (14/21 @entity1 ), and the CR rate was 57% (12/21 @entity1 ). Median duration of CR was 7 months (range 2-10 months). Median survival was 10 months (range 3-20 months) for complete responders and 3 months (range 1-10 months) for @entity1 who did not achieve a CR. For @entity1 with subsequent CR, median time of @entity3028 (< 500/microliters) and @entity882 (< 20.000/microliters) was 20 days and 18 days, respectively. In conclusion, the NOVE regimen appears to be effective in @entity3052 secondary to @entity2590 . However, strategies for remission maintenance are warranted.

title: Combination of XXXX and @entity2879 in the treatment of @entity2590 transformed into @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine whether there were circadian variations in serum osteocalcin in normal @entity1641 and to determine whether it was important to regulate the time of blood sampling in clinical investigations. Osteocalcin or bone Gla-protein (BGP), alkaline phosphatase, total @entity460 , @entity1391 and total protein were studied over a 24 h period. Blood samples were taken every 60 min from nine adult Standardbred @entity1641 . There was a correlation between serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.3, p less than 0.01), @entity1391 (r = 0.42, p less than 0.01) and serum osteocalcin levels. There was a very marked individual effect on serum levels of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (p less than 0.01). This effect was present for @entity1391 levels but not significant for total @entity460 . The individual effect was lower and time effect was higher for serum osteocalcin if the subjects were divided into two age groups, one of @entity1641 of five years or less (n = 4) and a second group older than five years (n = 5). In both groups a circadian rhythmicity was observed. Serum osteocalcin showed a biphasic pattern. Levels were constant during daytime (light period) and underwent significant variations during the night (dark period), going through a nadir at 2000 h and through a maximum peak at 0500 h. It was concluded that in normal @entity1641 the blood osteocalcin level follows a circadian variation. Also daytime (light period) seems to be the more appropriate period for blood sampling.

title: Circadian rhythms of osteocalcin in equine serum. Correlation with alkaline phosphatase, @entity460 , XXXX and total protein levels.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: The aims of this study were to identify the current role of general practitioners (GP) and the unmet needs of @entity5 @entity1 in primary care. First, we conducted individual interviews with 10 @entity5 @entity1 . Next, we developed a questionnaire, which was distributed among @entity5 @entity1 across Estonia. Altogether, 113 questionnaires were returned. We observed that while the @entity1 were satisfied with their GP's work, they mostly preferred to discuss @entity5 with oncologists. The role of GPs in regard to other diseases was perceived as very important, also @entity1 found it relevant to consult all investigations with their primary health care physician. The main problems experienced by the @entity1 were a lack of proper accessible information about their disease and its inadequate presentation by doctors, as well as problems with coordination between primary and secondary health care providers. In conclusion, we can say that even treatment of @entity5 is centralised to oncology clinics, @entity1 also contact their GPs during @entity5 care. Therefore, GPs should be aware of @entity1 ' general health and comorbid medical problems. Better communication between primary and secondary health care doctors as well as more integration of GPs in @entity5 care is needed.

title: The Role of General Practitioners in XXXX Care: A Mixed Method Design.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-related problems']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study reports the results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind comparison of @entity752 sustained release (SR) as an antidote for @entity250 versus placebo in 42 @entity1 with selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced @entity250 . Exploratory analyses of the association of @entity251 and sexual functioning in @entity1 in the study were also performed. METHOD: @entity1 with DSM-IV major @entity308 who experienced a therapeutic response to any SSRI and were experiencing medication-induced global or phase-specific @entity250 , as measured by the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ), were randomly assigned to receive either @entity752 SR 150 mg b.i.d. or placebo for 4 weeks in addition to the SSRI. Total @entity251 levels were assessed at baseline and week 4. RESULTS: The difference in global sexual functioning, based on the total CSFQ score, was not statistically significant between the 2 groups at week 4, nor were differences in orgasm, desire/ interest as measured by sexual thoughts, or self-reported arousal. There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups at week 4 in desire as measured by self-report feelings of desire and frequency of sexual activity. Desire/ frequency showed a significantly greater improvement among those @entity1 receiving @entity752 SR compared with placebo (Wilk's F = 5.47, df = 1, p =.024). Frequency was significantly correlated to total @entity251 level at baseline (r = 0.36, p =.027) and at week 4 (r = 0.41, p =.025). CONCLUSIONS: @entity752 SR, as an effective antidote to SSRI-induced @entity250 , produced an increase in desire to engage in sexual activity and frequency of engaging in sexual activity compared with placebo. A larger study is needed to further investigate this finding.

title: A placebo-controlled trial of @entity752 SR as an antidote for selective XXXX reuptake inhibitor-induced @entity250 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['Bupropion', 'bupropion']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1255 is a risk factor for @entity65 . We evaluated the efficacy of @entity1255 -lowering treatment with B vitamins for secondary prevention in @entity1 who had had an @entity583 . METHODS: The trial included 3749 @entity1 and @entity1 who had had an @entity583 within seven days before randomization. @entity1 were randomly assigned, in a two-by-two factorial design, to receive one of the following four daily treatments: 0.8 mg of @entity1501 , 0.4 mg of @entity2186 , and 40 mg of @entity2245 ; 0.8 mg of @entity1501 and 0.4 mg of @entity2186 ; 40 mg of @entity2245 ; or placebo. The primary end point during a median follow-up of 40 months was a composite of recurrent @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity944 attributed to @entity453 . RESULTS: The mean total @entity1255 level was lowered by 27 percent among @entity1 given @entity1501 plus @entity2186 , but such treatment had no significant effect on the primary end point (risk ratio, 1.08; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.25; P=0.31). Also, treatment with @entity2245 was not associated with any significant benefit with regard to the primary end point (relative risk of the primary end point, 1.14; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.98 to 1.32; P=0.09). In the group given @entity1501 , @entity2186 , and @entity2245 , there was a trend toward an increased risk (relative risk, 1.22; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.50; P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with B vitamins did not lower the risk of recurrent @entity65 after @entity583 . A harmful effect from combined B vitamin treatment was suggested. Such treatment should therefore not be recommended. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00266487.).

title: XXXX lowering and @entity65 after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: AIMS: Recently, there is a tendency to expand @entity5 sizes qualifying for OLT. The present study re-evaluates @entity5 size and histopathological features as selection criteria for OLT. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 93 adult @entity157 @entity1 underwent OLT between June 1985 and December 2003. Median follow-up was 28 months (1-222 months). The Milan criteria were routinely applied since 1994. RESULTS: Five year survival rate of @entity157 @entity1 was significantly lower than in @entity1 transplanted for benign diseases, 41 and 71%, respectively (p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of vascular invasion represents the most significant predictor (p<0.001) affecting the survival rate. Survival was also significantly impaired when the @entity5 size was >5 cm (p<0.05), whereas the number of nodules had no significant effect on survival. Consequently, the survival rate for @entity157 fulfilling the Milan criteria histologically improved to 70% since 1994. CONCLUSION: @entity5 size has been shown to be the most important pre-operatively detectable predictor for @entity1 survival after OLT.

title: XXXX size is an important predictor for the outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we evaluated the results of external bone transport, which was applied to 11 @entity1 with traumatic @entity604 who had not completed their bone development. METHODS: The average age of the 9 male and 2 female @entity1 was 10.6 (range, 8 to 16) years. Eight of the defects were located in the tibia, whereas the other 3 were in the femur. The average defect was 5.4 (range, 4.5 to 8.5) cm. External bone transport was applied in the early period in 7 @entity1 , whereas in 4 @entity1 it was performed due to nonunion. Bifocal osteosynthesis and single osteotomy were performed in 2 @entity1 with type B2 nonunion. Compression to the nonunion region and lengthening in the osteotomy region were applied. In 2 @entity1 with type B1 nonunion, and the other 9 @entity1 who had external bone transport, the gap was eliminated by bifocal osteosynthesis, @entity79 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 21 (range, 13 to 48) months. Complete union was achieved in all @entity1 without any bone operation or graft application. No refracture was observed after the removal of the external fixator, and the average hospitalization time was 16 (range, 7 to 65) days. The average external fixation time was 4.2 (range, 3.5 to 5.5) months, and the mean external fixator index was 0.8 months (23 d/cm). The mean bone healing time was 5.1 (range, 4.6 to 6) months. CONCLUSIONS: To initially consider the @entity4422 with true or in situ @entity604 in children as "anticipated nonunion," and determine the treatment strategies regarding this fact, may prevent nonunion and shorten the healing period. Bone transport in the treatment of traumatic bone defects in @entity1 is an easy biological procedure, with lower complications but higher success ratios. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-therapeutic.

title: Segmental XXXX in pediatric lower extremity fractures: indications and results of bone transport.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['single osteotomy, and bone transport to the osteotomy line']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2467 encodes the membrane-bound tyrosine kinase @entity2467 , whose expression has been identified in several @entity1 @entity5 . We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of @entity2467 in @entity1358 . METHODS: 75 cases of @entity1358 were obtained from the surgical pathology archives at the ABC Medical Center in Mexico, for the period 2001 to 2011. We selected one representative paraffin block of the @entity5 and immunohistochemical staining for @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ) was performed. Immunopositivity was analyzed according cell location, intensity and percentage. RESULTS: @entity2467 was positive in 20 cases (26.66%), all the @entity1637 and @entity1358 were positive. A total of 8.27% of conventional clear cell @entity1358 showed cytoplasmic positivity and one case of @entity1358 was positive. In @entity1358 @entity2467 was positive in the membrane and 44.44% showed combined staining. In @entity1637 four cases showed cytoplasmic positivity, with heterogeneous and less intense staining than @entity1358 . CONCLUSION: @entity2467 is a useful marker for the diagnosis of @entity1358 and @entity1637 vs. other @entity1358 . Also it is important to define the cell location, intensity, and percentage of neoplastic cells for the differential between @entity1358 and @entity1637 .

title: [Immunohistochemical Expression of @entity2467 ( XXXX ) in 75 Renal Cell Tumors].

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma', 'oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['chromophobe renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinomas', 'papillary renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell tumors']

answer: @entity2467 :: (3815,Gene) :: ['c-kit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood sampling is a frequent medical procedure, very often considered as a stressful experience by @entity1 . Local anesthetics have been developed, but are expensive and not reimbursed by insurance companies in our country. We wanted to assess parents' willingness to pay (WTP) for this kind of drug. @entity1 AND METHODS: Over 6 months, all parents of @entity1 presenting for general (GV) or specialized visit (SV) with blood sampling. WTP was assessed through three scenarios [ @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), using the drug on prescription ( @entity1726 ), or over the counter (OTC)], with a payment card system randomized to ascending or descending order of prices (AO or DO). RESULTS: Fifty-six responses were collected (34 GV, 22 SV, 27 AO and 29 DO), response rate 40%. Response distribution was wide, with median WTP of 40 for @entity1503 , 25 for @entity1726 , 10 for OTC, which is close to the drug's real price. Responses were similar for GV and SV. Median WTP amounted to 0.71, 0.67, 0.20% of respondents' monthly income for the three scenarios, respectively, with a maximum at 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing parents' WTP in an outpatient setting is difficult, with wide result distribution, but median WTP is close to the real drug price. This finding could be used to promote insurance coverage for this drug.

title: Parents' willingness to pay for diminishing XXXX 's pain during blood sampling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['avoiding blood sampling', 'ABS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We report our experience with @entity1891 -loaded platelet infusion in @entity1 with refractory @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ), @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ), and @entity5934 . Ten @entity1 with symptomatic @entity882 and/ or @entity5714 who failed to respond to two to six different treatment modalities, including corticosteroids and splenectomy, were treated with infusion of @entity1891 -loaded platelets. Platelets were harvested by plateletpheresis from a healthy ABO compatible blood donor and incubated with 5 mg @entity1891 . Excess of @entity1891 was removed, and platelets were resuspended in 50 ml plasma and infused over 30 min. All 10 @entity1 responded, and 6 of them achieved complete remission. The response was prompt, occurring 3-8 days after @entity1891 -loaded platelet infusion. Two @entity1 with @entity5506 are still in remission 9 and 8 years posttreatment with no maintenance treatment. Three @entity3039 @entity1 achieved persisted partial response for 6 years, 5 years, and 11 months; in the remaining 5 @entity1 the response lasted for 2-5 months. No side effects were seen. Our results suggest that this inexpensive and well-tolerated treatment modality may be a useful approach in @entity1 with @entity3039 and @entity5506 refractory to primary therapy.

title: @entity1891 -loaded platelet infusion for treatment of refractory XXXX and @entity3039 : rethinking old cures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'AIHA']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment of @entity1 with @entity320 , and explore the factors influencing the prognosis of @entity320 . METHODS: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 29 @entity1 with @entity320 in Tianjin Huanhu hospital, department of @entity135 and neck surgery between October, 1999 and June, 2013. Eighteen of them were male, other eleven were female, the median age was 61.5 years. The @entity1 were staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, eight cases were in T1, ten cases were in T2, six cases were in T3, five cases were in T4. Among the 29 cases, twenty-two @entity1 received surgical treatment, twenty-eight @entity1 accepted radiotherapy, seventeen @entity1 had the chemotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the prognosis impacts of gender, age, disease location, clinical staging, treatment, and histopathological features and so on. RESULTS: In this series, the overall 3 year survival rate was 48.3% and 5 year survival rate was 27.6%. There were 4 factors effecting the 5 year survival rate : the location of @entity5 , T stage, surgical treatment and black pigmentation (P value was 0.008, 0.012, 0.021 and 0.027). But, gender, age, chemotherapy and other factors had no effect on overall survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: AJCC staging system can effectively predict the prognosis of @entity1 . The prognosis of @entity1 with pathogenic site in nasal septum is better than the others. The surgical treatment is the preferred method of treatment. Histological features such as @entity5 melanin pigmentation affect the prognosis of the @entity1 .

title: [Multiple-factors analysis on the prognosis of nasal mucosa malignant XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['otorhinolaryngology head']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant nasal mucosa melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well known that @entity2208 risk increases with age. However, studies usually investigate only maternal age effects. We investigated both maternal age and paternal age effects on @entity2208 risk to provide insight into this frequent reproductive failure. METHODS: The last planned pregnancies (n = 3174) that ended in a birth or @entity2208 were analysed in a retrospective population-based study on @entity1 aged 25-44 years in Denmark, Germany, Italy and Spain. Maternal and paternal ages were analysed together, using a single variable 'couple age' in a multivariate logistic regression analysis, with couples composed of a @entity1 and a @entity1 both aged 20-29 years forming the reference group. RESULTS: After adjustment for various factors (e.g. reproductive history, country), we found that the risk of @entity2208 was higher if the @entity1 was aged > or = 35 years, as has already been reported in a number of studies. However, the increase in risk was much greater for couples composed of a @entity1 aged > or = 35 years and of a @entity1 aged > or = 40 years. Potential source of bias (especially 'reproductive compensation') are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome is highest if both partners are advanced in age.

title: Paternal age and maternal age are risk factors for XXXX ; results of a multicentre European study.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['miscarriage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the thrombopoietic effect of recombinant @entity1 @entity26118 (rhTpo) gene transferred by electric pulse to normal and experimental @entity882 @entity19 . METHODS: Eukaryotic high expressing plasmid pcDI/ @entity39945 was constructed by gene recombinant technology. 200 microg of the recombinant plasmid was injected into quadriceps femoris muscle of normal and experimental @entity882 @entity19 . Six times of electric pulse at 100v, 1Hz, 40ms were given immediately after the injection.The expression of rhTpo gene and its protein were assayed by RT-PCR and Western Blotting, respectively. Serum @entity39945 concentration was assayed by ELISA method. RESULTS: The recombinant plasmid pcDI/ @entity39945 was successfully constructed. The expression of mRNA and protein of rhTpo gene was detected in the skeletal muscle of @entity19 after transfection. Serum @entity39945 level increased from 328 +/- 89 ng/L to 1185 +/- 264 ng/L, and the platelet level of transfected @entity19 increased from (259 +/- 27) x 10(9)/L to (640 +/- 31) x 10(9)/L. After injection with @entity3003 , the platelet level decreased, but the nadir point was higher in pcDI/ @entity39945 group than that in control group, and the recovery time of platelet count in pcDI/ @entity39945 group shortened. CONCLUSION: The rhTpo gene could be effectively transfected to @entity19 by electric pulse and played thrombopoietic role in vivo.

title: [Thrombopoietic effect of recombinant @entity1 XXXX gene transferred to @entity19 mediated by electric pulse on normal and experimental @entity882 @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

answer: @entity26118 :: (7066,Gene) :: ['thrombopoietin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9580 Background: Trastuzumab (Herceptin  , @entity8108 ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody which showed a significant survival benefit in a randomized trial comparing chemotherapy plus @entity8108 vs. chemotherapy alone in @entity1 (pts) with @entity0 whose @entity1722 status was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Retrospective analysis of this trial showed that the survival benefit was limited to pts who tested @entity1722 + by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We report concordance results between local lab (LL) and central lab (CL) @entity1722 testing from this phase IV study of @entity8108 plus a @entity3907 in @entity0 . METHODS: 1269 pts were screened and 401 pts were enrolled. Pts with LL FISH+ or IHC 3+ scores were enrolled immediately and confirmatory tests were done at the CL. Pts with LL IHC 0-2+ or FISH- scores had samples tested at the CL and were enrolled on the basis of CL FISH+ or IHC 3+ status. All enrolled pts received @entity8108 weekly combined with either @entity1311 or @entity1205 . RESULTS: Concordance between LL IHC scores and CL IHC and FISH scores is shown below. Concordance was low for LL IHC2+ samples; these also had a substantial rate of FISH+ results at the CL. The overall response rate (ORR=CR+PR) for the 352 evaluable pts was 49% (95% CI, 44-55%). For CL FISH+ pts (n=241) the ORR was 51% (95% CI, 45-58%) and for CL FISH- pts (n=67) it was 42% (95% CI, 30-54%). CONCLUSIONS: LL IHC testing had variable reproducibility. LL IHC 2+ specimens were the least concordant with CL results (26%); in addition 32% of LL IHC 2+ specimens tested CL FISH+. This is in agreement with the NCCN recommendation that IHC 2+ specimens be retested by FISH to determine @entity1722 status. This data shows that @entity1 selected by FISH respond to treatment with @entity3907 / @entity8108 , and since @entity3907 / @entity8108 has been shown to confer a survival benefit, it is critical that we identify @entity1 for treatment with @entity8108 using appropriate testing methods. [Figure: see text] [Table: see text].

title: Concordance between central and local lab IHC and FISH @entity1722 testing in a community-based trial of first-line trastuzumab plus a @entity3907 in XXXX + @entity0 ( @entity0 ).

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: AIM: @entity409 is considered a premature indication of @entity731 and vessel damage and is present in the postmenopausal period. This study compares the influence of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on factors that affect endothelial function in ovariectomized (OVX) @entity35 . MAIN METHODS: The @entity35 were divided into: SHAM; OVX; OVX+estrogen (0.5 g/kg/day); OVX+raloxifene (2mg/kg/day) and OVX+tamoxifen (1mg/kg/day) groups. The acetylcholine vasorelaxation response was evaluated in the mesenteric vascular bed. The vascular oxidative stress and serum inflammatory cytokine levels were monitored, and analyses of eNOS and @entity1506 were performed. KEY FINDINGS: The acetylcholine-induced responses obtained in the OVX were lower than those obtained in the SHAM, and all treatments restored this response. l-NAME reduced and equalized the acetylcholine-induced response in all groups. The attenuation of the acetylcholine-induced responses by aminoguanidine was greater in the OVX. @entity409 in OVX was associated with oxidative stress and an increase in @entity1506 and decrease in eNOS expression. Except for the production of @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in the OVX+tamoxifen, treatments improved the nitric oxide component of the relaxation response and normalized both the oxidative stress and the expression of those signaling pathway enzymes. Serum levels of @entity1505 and @entity568 were increased in OVX, and treatments normalized these levels. SIGNIFICANCE: Raloxifene and tamoxifen have similar anti-inflammatory effects that may be important in improving @entity455 . Tamoxifen did not affect the @entity66 but improved @entity409 . The protective effect on endothelial function by these treatments provides evidence of their potential cardiovascular benefits in the postmenopausal period.

title: Comparative effects of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on @entity409 , inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in ovariectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['reactive oxidative species', 'ROS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity64 is associated with an @entity6249 of unknown etiology, although possible causes include increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Retinal arterioles are similar to cerebral small vessels and @entity989 occurs secondary to increased blood-retinal barrier permeability. We hypothesized that there would be higher rates of @entity989 in @entity1 with acute lacunar versus cortical @entity64 . METHODS: We prospectively recruited @entity1 presenting with acute lacunar and cortical @entity385 . An experienced @entity64 physician diagnosed and subtyped the @entity64 based on clinical features and cerebral MRI. We performed 6 dilated digital retinal photographs of each eye in all @entity1 . A carefully trained physician graded @entity989 (one or more of hard or soft exudates, microaneurysms, or @entity548 ) blind to @entity64 type as definitely present/absent or uncertain. RESULTS: We recruited 220 @entity1 ; 6 were excluded with ungradeable photographs leaving 214 @entity1 for analysis (105 lacunar and 109 cortical @entity64 ). Mean age was 68 years (SD, 11 years) and median National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale 2. Similar proportions of each group had @entity6 (17% lacunar versus 10% cortical) and @entity101 (56% lacunar and 66% cortical). Eighteen percent of lacunar and 19% of cortical @entity1 had any @entity989 . After adjusting for baseline differences in age, @entity101 , and @entity6 , @entity989 was not associated with @entity385 subtype. CONCLUSIONS: We have not demonstrated a strong association between @entity989 and @entity385 subtype. However, larger samples or assessment of other @entity989 may yield positive associations.

title: XXXX in @entity385 subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'Lacunar stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic cerebral small vessel disorder']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinal vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the 3rd most common @entity5 worldwide and the Czech Republic has the 6th highest incidence of @entity14 worldwide. Large intestinal microbiota play in its etiopathogenesis important role. Bacteriocins are proteins, produced by bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The aim of our prospective study was to assess the colonization of large intestinal mucosa by @entity526 strains and to investigate their @entity5618 production. METHODS: A total of 30 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2513 , @entity20171 (17 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 , aged 39-79, mean age 63        9), 30 @entity1 with @entity14 (23 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 , aged 38-86, mean age 67        11) and 20 healthy controls (9 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 , age 23-84, mean age 55        15) were enrolled into prospective study. Mucosal biopsies were taken in the caecum, transverse colon and rectum during pancolonoscopy. Microbiological culture, isolation and identification of bacteria followed. @entity5618 production was assessed by growth inhibition of indicator strains @entity2624 -Row, @entity526 C6 (phi), and @entity14344 17. Identification of @entity5618 -encoding determinants and @entity526 phylogroups was performed using PCR methods. RESULTS: A total of 622 strains were isolated and further investigated. A significantly higher frequency of simultaneous production of colicins and microcins was revealed in the group of @entity1 with @entity14 , when compared to @entity1 with @entity20171 , p   =   0.031. A significantly higher frequency of @entity526 phylogroup D was found in @entity1 with @entity14 , when compared to controls, p   =   0.044. A significantly higher prevalence of bacteriocinogeny was confirmed in @entity1 with advanced @entity652 when compared to @entity1 with non-advanced @entity652 , p   =   0.010. Increasing bacteriocinogeny was associated with an increasing stage of @entity14 (assessed according to TNM classification). Either @entity526 phylogroup B2 or @entity526 phylogroup D were isolated in biopsies of @entity1 with right-sided @entity14 . A statistically higher incidence of @entity526 phylogroup B2 was found in @entity1 with right-sided @entity14 when compared to @entity1 with left-sided @entity14 , p   =   0.028. CONCLUSIONS: Large intestinal mucosa of @entity1 with more @entity14 is colonized with more virulent strains of @entity526 and higher production of bacteriocins is observed in these @entity1 when compared to those with less @entity14 .

title: XXXX strains of phylogenetic group B2 and D and @entity5618 production are associated with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['Bacteriocin', 'bacteriocin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'advanced colorectal neoplasia', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity14344 :: ('624', 'Species') :: ['Shigella sonnei']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-operative management may be an alternative for uncomplicated @entity698 , but preoperative distinction between uncomplicated and complicated disease is challenging. This study aimed to develop a scoring system based on clinical and imaging features to distinguish uncomplicated from @entity532 . METHODS: @entity1 with suspected @entity697 based on clinical evaluation and imaging were selected from two prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy studies (OPTIMA and OPTIMAP). Features associated with @entity532 were included in multivariable logistic regression analyses. Separate models were developed for CT and ultrasound imaging, internally validated and transformed into scoring systems. RESULTS: A total of 395 @entity1 with suspected @entity697 based on clinical evaluation and imaging were identified, of whom 110 (27  8 per cent) had @entity532 , 239 (60  5 per cent) had uncomplicated @entity698 and 46 (11  6 per cent) had an alternative disease. CT was positive for @entity698 in 284 @entity1 , and ultrasound imaging in 312. Based on clinical and CT features, a model was created including age, body temperature, duration of symptoms, white blood cell count, @entity1851 level, and presence of extraluminal free air, periappendiceal fluid and appendicolith. A scoring system was constructed, with a maximum possible score of 22 points. Of the 284 @entity1 , 150 had a score of 6 points or less, of whom eight (5  3 per cent) had @entity532 , giving a negative predictive value (NPV) of 94  7 per cent. The model based on ultrasound imaging included the same predictors except for extraluminal free air. The ultrasound score (maximum 19 points) was calculated for 312 @entity1 ; 105 had a score of 5 or less, of whom three (2  9 per cent) had @entity532 , giving a NPV of 97  1 per cent. CONCLUSION: With use of novel scoring systems combining clinical and imaging features, 95 per cent of the @entity1 deemed to have uncomplicated @entity698 were correctly identified as such. The score can aid in selection for non-operative management in clinical trials.

title: Scoring system to distinguish uncomplicated from complicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence and prognostic significance of @entity984 codon 12 mutations in extrahepatic @entity5 (EBSC). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with EBSC between 1980 and 1990 (N = 111) were selected from two hospitals. DNA was amplified from @entity982 -embedded tissues and mutations in codon 12 of @entity984 were detected using the artificial restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. RESULTS: Tissue was available from 68.5% of @entity1 . The prevalence of mutations was 41%. There was no association between mutations and clinical and pathologic characteristics; however, mutations in @entity984 were associated with survival, with a median survival duration of 7.7 months for @entity1 with wild-type @entity62570 .7 months for @entity1 with mutated @entity5 (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.67; P = .075). Among @entity1 with stage I to II @entity5 , the chance of dying of @entity1 with the mutation was 7.8 times higher than that of @entity1 without the mutation (P = .087); the corresponding HR for @entity1 with stage III to IV disease was 2.9 (P = .003). After adjusting for age, @entity5 site, histology, differentiation, and stage, the HR for @entity984 mutations was 2.12 (P = .026). CONCLUSION: @entity984 codon 12 mutations are an independent prognostic indicator in @entity1 with EBSC. Mutation detection may be of help in the management of these @entity1 .

title: @entity984 mutations as a prognostic XXXX . PANK-ras I Project Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'biliary system cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['factor in extrahepatic bile system cancer']


abstract: @entity2906 is an important factor influencing the management of postterm pregnancies. However, sonographic assessment of @entity2906 has been based largely on the subjective judgement of the sonologist. From January 1982 to December 1984, 54 @entity1 had articulated-arm B-scan ultrasound examinations and were identified as postterm. Of these @entity1 , 25 were subjectively diagnosed as having @entity2906 . Five @entity1 were considered to have low normal amounts of amniotic fluid. The remainder were considered to have normal or greater than normal quantities of amniotic fluid. From this population, an amniotic fluid index was determined for each @entity1 by finding the product of the length, width, and depth of the largest amniotic fluid pocket. @entity1 with a fluid index less than 60 showed a strong association with the @entity751 . Indeed, all but one postmature @entity1 was born of a pregnancy with a fluid index less than 60. No other fetal or perinatal complications were statistically correlated with @entity2906 in this small @entity1 series.

title: Objective method of diagnosing XXXX in postterm pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['postmaturity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['Oligohydramnios', 'oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity2906 :: (MESH:D016104,Disease) :: ['oligohydramnios']


abstract: We sought to determine the frequency of electrocardiographic (ECG) acquisition within 10 minutes of hospital arrival, factors associated with delayed ECG acquisition, and any relation among delayed ECG acquisition, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes. We therefore analyzed data from 63,478 @entity1 (26,615 @entity1 , 42%) with high-risk non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 (designated by positive cardiac markers and/or ischemic ST-segment changes) who were enrolled in the CRUSADE Quality Improvement Initiative from February 2001 to March 2004. @entity1 were categorized based on time to electrocardiography as delayed (>10 minutes from hospital arrival) or nondelayed (<10 minutes). Multivariable predictors of delayed ECG acquisition were determined. Overall, median time to electrocardiography was 15 minutes (25th to 75th percentile 7 to 32). ECG acquisition was delayed (median 25 minutes, 25th to 75th percentile 16 to 50) in 41,397 @entity1 (65.2%). In the remaining 34.8%, time to electrocardiography was <10 minutes (median 5 minutes, 25th to 75th percentile 3 to 8). @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to have delayed ECG acquisition (69% vs 62%), and female gender was the most significant predictor of delayed ECG acquisition (odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 1.34). In conclusion, only 33% of high-risk @entity1 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 had an initial electrocardiogram obtained <10 minutes of arrival as recommended. @entity1 were significantly more likely than @entity1 to have delayed ECG acquisition. Emergency departments should focus on decreasing the time to initial ECG acquisition to improve treatment of @entity1187 in this group.

title: Frequency and consequences of recording an electrocardiogram >10 minutes after arrival in an emergency room in non-ST-segment elevation XXXX (from the CRUSADE Initiative).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: Target detection and stimulus omission tasks of the type used to elicit scalp @entity3493 and related potentials were studied in a group of 40 @entity1 in whom intracranial electrodes had been implanted during evaluation for @entity302 surgery. Two distinct task-related intracranial ERP patterns have been identified, one in the medial temporal lobe and the other in the frontal lobe. These patterns overlap in time with each other and with scalp @entity3493 . The temporal lobe pattern consists of positive potentials dorsal and posterior to the hippocampus, sharp negative potentials within and medial to the hippocampus, and positive potentials in the vicinity of the amygdala. This 3-part pattern has been observed for counted targets in auditory, somatic, and visual modalities and for counted stimulus omissions with latencies that covary with scalp @entity3493 . This pattern is absent or greatly attenuated in ignore tasks when targets were not counted. The frontal pattern consists of a widespread negative-positive-negative sequence at deep sites which in some @entity1 inverts in polarity at superficial sites and on the scalp. This pattern is consistent with a source or sources within the frontal lobe. Differences in shape and onset latency between the frontal and medial temporal lobe ERP patterns indicate that the former are not simply a distant recording of the latter. These data strongly suggest multiple contributions to scalp @entity3493 .

title: Intracranial recordings of endogenous ERPs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and cost of lipid-lowering agents in @entity1 with @entity1007 . DESIGN: A meta-analysis was conducted to determine estimates of efficacy for lipid-lowering agents. Efficacy was defined as the change in the ratio of total @entity165 :high density lipoprotein (HDL) induced by treatment. This ratio was selected because of its good predictive value for the risk of @entity301 . Lipid-lowering agents were grouped into three categories according to the decrease in the total @entity165 :HDL ratio. Acquisition prices for drugs were obtained from the Quebec provincial drug formulary. An analysis determined which drugs in each category 'purchased' the greatest decrease in ratio for the lowest cost. SETTING: Clinical trial study centres. @entity1 : The population analyzed had a mean baseline total @entity165 :HDL ratio of 7.3, an average age of 50.5 years and mean proportion of @entity1 of 62.5%. INTERVENTIONS: Twelve lipid-lowering therapies at various doses were investigated. RESULTS: Drugs that were more recently introduced had the greatest effect on the total @entity165 :HDL ratio. A direct dose-effect relationship was not evident, although there was a trend in this direction. In each of the three categories, there was wide range of cost, suggesting that the same effect is available at a broad range of prices. The drugs with the greatest effect on the ratio at the lowest cost were @entity5470 60 mg/day, @entity3724 (micronized) 200 mg/day and @entity3413 20 mg/day. CONCLUSION: These results can be useful for clinicians in the selection of agents that achieve a specified goal of therapy at the lowest cost.

title: Comparison of efficacy and cost among lipid-lowering agents in XXXX with @entity1007 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity5470 :: ('MESH:C065180', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvastatin']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure the effects of laparoscopic and open placement of synthetic mesh on recurrence and persisting @entity158 following groin @entity547 repair. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Synthetic mesh techniques are claimed to reduce the risk of recurrence but there are concerns about costs and possible long-term complications, particularly @entity158 . METHODS: Electronic databases were searched and experts consulted to identify randomized or quasi-randomized trials that compared mesh with non-mesh methods, or laparoscopic with open mesh placement. Individual @entity1 data were sought for each trial. Aggregated data were used where individual @entity1 data were not available. Meta-analyses of @entity547 and persisting @entity158 were based on intention to treat. RESULTS: There were 62 relevant comparisons in 58 trials. These included 11,174 @entity1 : individual @entity1 data were available for 6,901 @entity1 , supplementary aggregated data for 2,390 @entity1 , and published data for 1883 @entity1 . Recurrence and persisting @entity158 were less after mesh repair (overall recurrences: 88 in 4,426 vs. 187 in 3,795; OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.34-0.55; P <.001) (overall persistent @entity158 : 120 in 2,368 vs. 215 in 1,998; OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.29-0.46; P <.001), regardless of the non-mesh comparator. Whereas the reduction in recurrence was similar after laparoscopic and open mesh placement (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.76-2.08; P =.36), persistent @entity158 was less common after laparoscopic than open mesh placement (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52-0.78; P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of synthetic mesh substantially reduces the risk of @entity547 irrespective of placement method. Mesh repair appears to reduce the chance of persisting @entity158 rather than increase it.

title: Repair of groin XXXX with synthetic mesh: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernia recurrence']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a mathematical model that will predict the probability of @entity204 after surgery for @entity14 . DESIGN: Descriptive study using routinely collected clinical data. DATA SOURCE: The database of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI), encompassing 8077 @entity1 with a new diagnosis of @entity14 in 73 hospitals during a 12 month period. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A three level hierarchical logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of operative mortality. The model was developed on 60% of the @entity1 population and its validity tested on the remaining 40%. RESULTS: Overall postoperative mortality was 7.5% (95% confidence interval 6.9% to 8.1%). Independent predictors of @entity204 were age, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade, Dukes's stage, urgency of the operation, and @entity5 excision. When tested the predictive model showed good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = (0.775) and calibration (comparison of observed with expected mortality across different procedures; Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic = 6.34, 8 df, P = 0.610). CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians can predict @entity204 by using a simple numerical table derived from the statistical model of the ACPGBI. The model can be used in everyday practice for preoperative counselling of @entity1 and their carers as a part of multidisciplinary care. It may also be used to compare the outcomes between multidisciplinary teams for @entity14 .

title: Operative mortality in XXXX : prospective national study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Stereotactic Radiotherapy has the potential to produce high local control rates with low risk of severe @entity358 . From December 2000 to January 2006, 68 inoperable @entity1 (median age 76 years) with stage I @entity1149 received definitive hSRT. A mean total dose of 37.5 Gy (24-40 Gy; 60%-isodose) in 3-5 fractions was applied. Immobilisation was carried out by means of a vacuum couch and low pressure foil (Medical Intelligence, Schwab M  nchen, Germany). Staging procedures were @entity1514 and abdominal CT-scan, FDG-PET and CT or MRI of the brain in all @entity1 . Clinical target volume was the @entity5 as seen in lung windowing of CT and in FDG-PET. Organ movements (6-22 mm) and @entity1 positioning in the couch (3-12 mm) were added as safety margin for the definition of the planning target volume ( @entity343 ), that was enclosed by the 60%-isodose. We observed four (6%) local @entity5 recurrences, resulting in an actuarial local @entity5 control rate of 96%, 88% and 88% after 1, 2 and 3 year follow-up. Nineteen @entity1 died, with eight @entity1 due to @entity5 (12%), two to local @entity5 progression alone. Cancer-specific survival is 96%, 82% and 73% at 1, 2 and 3 years. Eleven @entity1 died from comorbidities, making a 53% overall 3-year survival. Fifty five percent of the @entity1 were affected by mild acute and subacute side effects, with only 3% experiencing @entity55 III degrees . Late effects were @entity55 III degrees in 1%, rib @entity174 in 3%, and benign @entity1143 in 2 @entity1 . Hypofractionated SRT is safe even in elderly @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 and significantly reduced lung capacity. It leads to high local control rates and should be offered to @entity1 not amenable for curative resection.

title: Stereotactic hypofractionated radiotherapy in stage I (T1-2 N0 M0) XXXX ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung toxicity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: 'MRI negative PET positive @entity1315 ' represents a substantial minority of @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). Clinicopathological and qualitative imaging differences from mesial @entity1315 are reported. We aimed to compare @entity1315 with @entity131 ( @entity8682 +ve) and non lesional @entity1315 without @entity8682 ( @entity8682 ) on MRI, with respect to quantitative FDG-PET and MRI measures. METHODS: 30 consecutive @entity8682 @entity1 with well-lateralised EEG were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched @entity8682 +ve @entity1 with well-lateralised EEG. Cerebral, cortical lobar and hippocampal volumetric and co-registered FDG-PET metabolic analyses were performed. RESULTS: There was no difference in whole brain, cerebral or cerebral cortical volumes. Both groups showed marginally smaller cerebral volumes ipsilateral to epileptogenic side ( @entity8682 0.99, p = 0.02, @entity8682 +ve 0.98, p < 0.001). In @entity8682 +ve, the ratio of epileptogenic cerebrum to whole brain volume was less (p = 0.02); the ratio of epileptogenic cerebral cortex to whole brain in the @entity8682 +ve group approached significance (p = 0.06). Relative @entity51 were seen in @entity8682 +ve in insular and temporal lobes. Both groups showed marked @entity717 (p < 0.001), most marked in temporal cortex. Mean hypointensity was more marked in epileptogenic-to-contralateral hippocampus in @entity8682 +ve (ratio: 0.86 vs 0.95, p < 0.001). The mean FDG-PET ratio of ipsilateral to contralateral cerebral cortex however was low in both groups (ratio: @entity8682 0.97, p < 0.0001; @entity8682 +ve 0.98, p = 0.003), and more marked in @entity1315 . CONCLUSION: Overall, @entity8682 +ve @entity1 showed more hippocampal, but also marginally more ipsilateral cerebral and cerebrocortical atrophy, greater ipsilateral hippocampal hypometabolism but similar @entity1779 , confirming structural and functional differences between these groups.

title: 'MRI-negative PET-positive' @entity1315 ( XXXX ) and mesial @entity1315 differ with quantitative MRI and PET: a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['volume deficits']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['HS-ve across all lobes except insula', 'TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral hypometabolism']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral cerebral cortical hypometabolism']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['TLE']


abstract: We report a case with @entity1222 appearing as an extra- @entity5 . A 20-year-old @entity1 was transferred to our hospital because of right @entity662 and @entity221 . His chest X-ray showed an extra-pleural mass and chest CT scan showed a @entity66 with right 7th rib fracture. 67Gallium and bone scintigram showed uptake at the same site. We performed a CT-guided puncture biopsy. Pathological findings of the specimen showed diffuse proliferation of histiocytoid cells with some eosinophils. The histiocytes were positive for @entity2281 protein and @entity4896 on immunohistochemical stain. @entity1222 was diagnosed. There was no other involvement of the disease except the rib. The @entity5 resolved only with smoking cessation and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. An association between smoking and progressions of the rib disease was suggested.

title: [A case of XXXX which resolved only on smoking cessation].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pleural tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Xoft Axxent x-ray source has been used for treating @entity1489 since the surface applicators became clinically available in 2009. The authors report comprehensive calibration procedures for the electronic brachytherapy (eBx) system with the surface applicators. METHODS: The Xoft miniature tube (model S700) generates 50 kVp low-energy x rays. The new surface applicators are available in four sizes of 10, 20, 35, and 50 mm in diameter. The authors' tests include measurements of dose rate, air-gap factor, output stability, depth dose verification, beam flatness and symmetry, and treatment planning with @entity1 specific cutout factors. The TG-61 in-air method was used as a guideline for acquiring nominal dose-rate output at the skin surface. A soft x-ray parallel-plate chamber (PTW T34013) and electrometer was used for the output commissioning. GafChromic EBT films were used for testing the properties of the treatment fields with the skin applicators. Solid water slabs were used to verify the depth dose and cutout factors. @entity1 with basal cell or @entity957 were treated with eBx using a calibrated Xoft system with the low-energy x-ray source and the skin applicators. RESULTS: The average nominal dose-rate output at the skin surface for the 35 mm applicator is 1.35 Gy/min with +/- 5% variation for 16 sources. The dose-rate output and stability (within +/- 5% variation) were also measured for the remaining three applicators. For the same source, the output variation is within 2%. The effective source-surface distance was calculated based on the air-gap measurements for four applicator sizes. The field flatness and symmetry are well within 5%. Percentage depth dose in water was provided by factory measurements and can be verified using solid water slabs. Treatment duration was calculated based on the nominal dose rate, the prescription fraction size, the depth dose percentage, and the cutout factor. The output factor needs to be measured for each case with varying shapes of cutouts. CONCLUSIONS: Together with TG-61, the authors' methodology provides comprehensive calibration procedures for medical physicists for using the Xoft eBx system and skin applicators for @entity1489 treatments.

title: Surface applicator calibration and commissioning of an electronic brachytherapy system for XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']