abstract: A 41-year old @entity1 of Brazilian origin, suffering from @entity791 for one year, fell ill with pyrexia of over 39 degrees C, dyspnoea, @entity662 and deterioration in his general condition. At the same time he noted a discrete @entity272 , mainly on the upper limbs. @entity294 began later. A chest radiograph revealed bilateral infiltrates. The blood showed leucocytosis (11,000/microliters) with pronounced increase of eosinophil granulocytes (47.5%). Alkaline phosphatase was raised to 170 U/l. Suspicion of @entity13739 was confirmed by the discovery of numerous Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in the faeces. A few days after starting treatment with @entity7400 , 400 mg daily, he felt better and the @entity294 stopped. However, as the lung infiltrates remained unchanged and hilar lymph node enlargement now appeared, the dose of @entity7400 was raised to 2500 mg daily. The abnormal findings then cleared up: Strongyloides stercoralis larvae ceased to be demonstrable and the @entity1 gained 10 kg in weight.

title: [ XXXX in the @entity791 ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea', 'Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity13739 :: ('MESH:D013322', 'Disease') :: ['strongyloidiasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eruption']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

answer: @entity13739 :: (MESH:D013322,Disease) :: ['Extraintestinal strongyloidiasis']


abstract: Eleven cases of @entity242 in @entity4261 are presented, together with an extensive review of the literature. These @entity5 are rare but not exceptional, and mostly affect male subjects in the seventh decade of life. The sites most frequently affected are the pelvis, femur and humerus. In 30 per cent of cases these @entity5 are multifocal. Radiographically the lesions are nearly always osteolytic. The radiographic diagnosis may, however, be quite difficult, especially in the presence of the severe (but benign) @entity75 that sometimes occur in @entity4261 . Morphologically these @entity5 are mostly highly polymorphic @entity242 . The cases in this series were diagnosed histologically as @entity421 , grade 3 @entity1492 , and @entity1418 ; but there are no prognostic differences between the various histological types. The prognosis is very serious, only about 3 per cent of @entity1 surviving for five years from the time of diagnosis. Therapy, unfortunately nearly always palliative, is based on amputation or disarticulation after sections biopsy in cases where the disease is localised to the limbs, and on radiotherapy in cases not amenable to surgery.

title: XXXX in @entity4261 (11 cases).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteolyic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease of bone", "Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper examines how the cost-effectiveness of @entity3135 varies depending on the severity of transmission and level of programme coverage and how efficiency could be improved by incorporating climate information into decision making for @entity311 control programmes as part of an integrated @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). METHODS: A climate driven model of @entity311 transmission was used to simulate cost-effectiveness of alternative @entity3135 coverage levels over six epidemic and non-epidemic years. Decision rules for a potential @entity1850 system that triggers different @entity3135 coverage are described. The average and marginal cost per case averted with baseline @entity3135 coverage (24%) and under varying @entity3135 coverage levels (50%, 75% and 100%) were calculated. RESULTS: Average cost-effectiveness of 24% coverage varies dramatically between years, from US 108 per case prevented in low transmission to US 0.42 in epidemic years. Similarly for higher coverage (24-100%) cost per case prevented is far higher in low than high transmission years ( 108- 267 to  0.88- 2.26). DISCUSSION: Efficiency and health benefit gains could be achieved by implementing @entity1850 that provides timely, accurate information. Evidence from southern Africa, (especially Botswana) supports this. CONCLUSION: Advance knowledge of transmission severity can help managers make coverage decisions which optimise resource use and exploit efficiency gains if a fully integrated @entity1850 is in place alongside a health system with sufficient flexibility to modify control plans in response to information. More countries and programmes should be supported to use the best available evidence and science to integrate climate informed @entity1850 into decision making within @entity311 control programmes.

title: Improving the cost-effectiveness of XXXX with climate informed health surveillance systems.

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['MEWS', 'Malaria Early Warning and Response System']

answer: @entity3135 :: (3376,Gene) :: ['IRS']


abstract: In December of 1995 a system of @entity130 care based on Advanced @entity130 Life Support (ATLS) principles was instituted to assess the impact of such principles on @entity130 care in a rural general hospital setting. This audit reviews the results over a 2 yr period to December 1997. All @entity1 admitted with major @entity130 (i.e. with life threatening or potentially life threatening injuries) to Cavan General Hospital (CGH) were eligible for inclusion. This numbered 70 @entity1 admitted (for at least 3 days), or who were transferred after resuscitation and stabilization as well as inpatient deaths. Twenty-seven @entity1 who died prior to admission are also reviewed. The endpoints assessed were @entity204 , disability and survival 3 months post-accident. Based on injury severity scores 7 per cent of cases suffered fatal non-survivable injury, 20-30 per cent had very serious injury with an overall mortality rate of 17 per cent. The predicted mortality rate was 30 per cent. One-third had their full treatment at CGH with a 76 per cent survival rate. The other two-thirds were transferred for specialist intervention with an overall survival of 80 per cent, a disability rate of 16 per cent and a mortality rate of 4 per cent. No @entity1 died during transportation.

title: Advanced @entity130 and life support principles: an audit of their application in a rural XXXX centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2334 and dissection (ns-TAAD) is a genetic aortopathy, with uncertain incidence. This study documented the incidence of ns-TAAD and outcomes of family screening over 15years. METHODS: Consecutive series of 2385 @entity1 with @entity2333 in prospective registry (2000 to 2014), including 675 undergoing surgery. Diagnosis of ns-TAAD included family history, aortic imaging, tissue pathology and mutation testing. Screening was offered to relatives of ns-TAAD probands, with follow-up for affected individuals. RESULTS: There were 270 ns-TAAD probands (74% males), including 116 (43%) presenting with @entity1580 . Among surgical cases, a diagnosis of ns-TAAD was established for 116 (17%). Age of probands was 50.4  14.1years, with aortic diameter of 51  12mm. Screening of 581 at-risk relatives identified 216 new ns-TAAD cases (detection rate=37%). Among 71 probands with known family history, screening identified 130 new affected relatives and among 53 probands with no family history, screening identified 86 new affected relatives. Mean age of new affected relatives at diagnosis was 44  18years, with aortic diameter of 42  7mm, including 42 with diameter>50mm. Ten-year mortality was similar for probands without dissection (7.7  3.1%) and new affected relatives (11.4  4.0%) but greater for probands surviving initial dissection (27.6  7.8%, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Up to 1 in 6 @entity1 undergoing aortic surgery have features of ns-TAAD, frequently presenting as @entity1580 but at later age than other genetic aortopathies. Family screening identifies affected relatives in up to half of ns-TAAD probands, many of whom already have significant @entity384 .

title: XXXX and dissections - Incidence and family screening outcomes.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['Non-syndromal thoracic aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['Familial non-syndromal thoracic aortic aneurysms']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity27271 , a partial @entity1245 agonist, and @entity8685 , a full @entity1245 agonist, on stress-induced @entity2275 as well as blood @entity413 were compared. 2. Ulceration in the glandular stomach was induced by 2 h restraint at 4 degrees C. 3. @entity27271 reduced significantly the @entity1066 parameters but did not affect blood @entity413 . The effect of @entity27271 was dose-dependently blocked by the @entity1245 antagonist @entity5757 . 4. @entity8685 reduced the @entity1066 parameters but increased blood @entity413 . 5. Since @entity27271 lacks sedative effects but reduced @entity1066 parameters, the anti- @entity1066 and sedative effects of drugs acting at @entity1245 receptors are disassociated. 6. @entity1245 -induced hyperglycaemia does not play a major role in the anti- @entity1066 effects.

title: Effect of XXXX on stress-induced @entity2275 in rat.

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlordiazepoxide', 'chlordiazepoxide']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazepil']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity27271 :: (MESH:C034704,Chemical) :: ['CGS 9896']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine effect of upper eyelid surgery on @entity10 symptoms. METHODS: Consecutive adults undergoing upper eyelid surgery for obscuration of superior visual field, who also reported @entity10 symptoms for greater than 1 year completed a pre- and postoperative Headache Impact Test-6 quality of life questionnaire (study group). A cohort of @entity1 undergoing other oculoplastic procedures with @entity10 also completed the questionnaire pre- and postoperatively (control group). The study was conducted over a 2-year period. Neither the @entity1 nor the study investigators were masked. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 met criteria for the study group, and 19 @entity1 in the control group. Mean age was 58.7 and 60.7 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative location of @entity10 . There was no significant difference in mean Headache Impact Test-6 scores preoperatively, 57.7 study group, 58.1 control group, p = 0.86. Mean postoperative scores were lower (improved) in the study arm, 45.3, as compared with the control arm, 58.6, p < 0.05. There was no statistically significant difference between individual preoperative survey questions between the study arm and control group, while every Headache Impact Test-6 question significantly improved in the study arm compared with the control arm. Mean Headache Impact Test-6 score improved 12.4 points in the study arm after surgery (p < 0.05), while the mean postoperative score worsened by 5 points in the control arm, but this was not significant (p = 0.48). Subjectively, 25 of 28 study @entity1 , and 4 of 19 control @entity1 noticed at least some improvement in @entity10 symptoms after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Correction of visually significant @entity3066 may improve @entity2794 .

title: The Bleph and the Brain: The Effect of Upper Eyelid Surgery on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['upper eyelid position']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache symptoms']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['Chronic Headaches']


abstract: @entity161 is one of the most expensive @entity146 illnesses. This study compared retrospectively health-care resources consumed 12 months before and 24 months after @entity1090 long-acting injection (RLAI) treatment in Hong Kong. A mirror-image analysis was conducted using data (N=191) from three public hospitals in Hong Kong from 2003 to 2007. The main outcome measure was hospitalisation cost. Other secondary outcomes such as hospitalisation episodes, outpatient visits and adverse events were also compared. A predictive model was established using linear regression based on generalised estimating equations. Analysis showed that RLAI was associated with a reduction in hospitalisation cost by HK 10,001,390 (24.7%) (HK 40,418,694 vs. HK 30,417,303; P-value <0.05). Days of hospitalisation were reduced by 1538 days (10.1%) (15,271 vs. 13,733; P-value <0.05). The predictive model estimated that the hospitalisation cost of @entity1 using RLAI was only 11.1% (3.1-3.93%, 95% confidence interval (CI)) compared to those receiving conventional antipsychotics combined with oral @entity1090 . Cost of hospitalisation was significantly reduced after RLAI therapy. However, results should be considered as indicative or suggestive only, due to potential channelling bias where certain drug regimens are preferentially prescribed to @entity1 with particular conditions. The findings from our study may be useful in health-care decision making considering treatment options for @entity161 in resource-limited settings.

title: Cost analysis of XXXX long-acting injection in the treatment of @entity161 and schizoaffective disorders in Hong Kong: an approach using generalised estimating equations.

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: Keloids, @entity2805 , and burn @entity2805 are all forms of proliferative scarring characterized by overabundant matrix formation. Recently these dermal @entity74 have been linked clinically to the cytokine transforming growth factor beta ( @entity1810 ), and in vitro tests have shown it to be responsible for the activation of fibroblasts and their production and deposition of collagen. Using an established in vivo animal model of proliferative scarring, the effects of this cytokine, specifically the isoform @entity4579 , on these scars were examined. Proliferative scar specimens were implanted into athymic, asplenic nude @entity35 and isolated in sandwich island flaps based on the superficial inferior epigastric pedicle. After establishment of the transferred flap, the scars were injected with varying doses of @entity4579 or vehicle for 5 consecutive days and then again on days 10, 15, and 20. The specimens were measured weekly during the period of dosing, and a biopsy was acquired on days 30 and 60. Fibroblasts from the explanted biopsies and the original scars were grown in cell culture, and cell proliferation studies were performed and the results compared. There was a dose response to @entity4579 , with 200 ng showing the greatest effect. From the original scar specimens, keloid scars demonstrated the greatest cell proliferation kinetics--significantly faster than nonburn and burn @entity2805 . After treatment with @entity4579 , both keloids and burn @entity2805 showed an increase in their cell proliferation kinetics compared with vehicle alone. This was not demonstrated with the nonburn @entity2805 . Elevated levels of @entity4579 are a major contributing factor to the process of proliferative scars, but because nonburn @entity2805 do not result in an equally increased response to this cytokine, a truly causative role for this cytokine cannot be promulgated. Rather, it is the combination of the proliferative scar fibroblasts' abnormal response to @entity4579 stimulation and elevated levels of this cytokine that controls more accurately the process of keloid and burn @entity2805 formation.

title: Effect of XXXX on proliferative scar fibroblast cell kinetics.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars', 'hypertrophic scar']

answer: @entity4579 :: (81809(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TGF-beta2']


abstract: RATIONAL AND OBJECTIVES: To develop a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme for classifying focal @entity409 (FLLs) by use of physicians' subjective classification of echogenic patterns of FLLs on baseline and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 137 hepatic lesions in 137 @entity1 were evaluated with B-mode and @entity31546 (Sonazoid)-enhanced pulse-inversion US; lesions included 74 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) (23: well-differentiated, 36: moderately differentiated, 15: poorly differentiated @entity157 ), 33 liver metastases, and 30 @entity409 . Three physicians evaluated single images at B-mode and arterial phases with a cine mode. Physicians were asked to classify each lesion into one of eight B-mode and one of eight enhancement patterns, but did not make a diagnosis. To classify five types of FLLs, we employed a decision tree model with four decision nodes and four artificial @entity1274 (ANNs). The results of the physicians' pattern classifications were used successively for four different ANNs in making decisions at each of the decision nodes in the decision tree model. RESULTS: The classification accuracies for the 137 FLLs were 84.8% for @entity3 , 93.3% for @entity2695 , and 98.6% for all @entity157 . In addition, the classification accuracies for histological differentiation types of @entity157 were 65.2% for well-differentiated @entity157 , 41.7% for moderately differentiated @entity157 , and 80.0% for poorly differentiated @entity157 . CONCLUSIONS: This CAD scheme has the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of @entity409 . However, the accuracy in the histologic differential diagnosis of @entity157 based on baseline and contrast-enhanced US is still limited.

title: Computer-aided diagnosis of focal XXXX by use of physicians' subjective classification of echogenic patterns in baseline and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions', 'liver hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'HCCs', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psilocybe cubensis is a species with psychodysleptic action that grows on @entity291 dung in pastures in the tropics and subtropics. This fungus has been widely used in Mexico since ancient times both for ceremonies and rituals, as well as for healing or medicinal purposes. @entity19928 is a crustacean frequently used as a model organism for @entity137 testing. AIMS: With the objective of determining the @entity137 of P. cubensis, the results of a study with the extract of P. cubensis on nauplii and adults of the brine shrimp A. @entity16996 are presented. METHODS: Specimens were collected at Bah  a de Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico, and were dried and homogenized in artificial sea water. Bioassays were carried out on crystal vials filled with different concentrations of the extract of P. cubensis (EAP), and with @entity24234 as reference toxic compound. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) in nauplii and adults and the inhibition of cysts hatching in A. @entity16996 were calculated. RESULTS: Nauplii showed a LC(50) = 135  g/ml, while adults a LC(50) = 172  g/ml. Cysts' hatching was inhibited by the EAP at all tested concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, the extract of P. cubensis was toxic for nauplii and adults of A. @entity16996 .

title: [Evaluation of Psilocybe cubensis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) XXXX over @entity19928 (Crustacea, Anostraca)].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity24234 :: ('MESH:D011192', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dichromate']

entities_list: @entity19928 :: ('6661', 'Species') :: ['Artemia franciscana']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of @entity2277 ( @entity2879 / @entity1260 / @entity1499 ) combination therapy in 24 @entity1 who were failing the treatment protocol of the Lymphomes Non Hodgkiniens ( @entity35350 ) 84 study. Eight @entity1 were refractory to the @entity35350 84 induction cycles, but ten achieved a partial response (PR). The six remaining @entity1 attained complete response (CR) after @entity35350 84 induction, but relapsed either during consolidation therapy or after completing the whole program. Twenty-three @entity1 are evaluable for response. The @entity2277 regimen provided a CR rate of 43% and a PR rate of 17%. Treatment failed in nine cases (39%). The CR rate was particularly high (67%) in the group of @entity1 who had PR with @entity35350 84 induction treatment. Of the ten who had attained CR, five relapsed after 4 to 42 months and five are still alive with no evidence of disease after 29 to 62 months. @entity2277 therapy was well tolerated. A total of 101 @entity2277 courses were given. Myelotoxicity was the most common side effect. Grade 3 or 4 @entity1503 was recorded after 11% of the cycles. Among eight infectious episodes recorded, one was fatal. This study demonstrates that CR and long disease-free survival are obtainable with the @entity2277 regimen in a small number of @entity1 failing a high-dose @entity632 -containing first-line treatment.

title: @entity2879 , @entity1260 , and @entity1499 combination chemotherapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas after failure of the XXXX 84 regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity35350 :: (CHEBI:60171,Chemical) :: ['LNH']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pathological neovascularisation within the normally avascular @entity267 is a serious event that can interfere with normal vision. Upregulation of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been associated with neovascularisation in the eye, suggesting that maintaining low levels of @entity7 is important for corneal avascularity and intact vision. This study aims to determine the expression profile and possible contribution of sVEGFR-1 to the corneal avascular barrier. DESIGN: Experimental case series investigating @entity7 and soluble fms-like @entity669 kinase (sFlt) levels in normal and neovascularised @entity1 corneas. @entity1 : Four normal @entity1 corneas, five @entity1 corneas with alkali burns, three @entity1 corneas with @entity6716 , one with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and two with @entity1036 were examined. METHODS: Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine sFlt and @entity7 levels in normal and neovascularised @entity1 corneas. Immunoprecipitation was utilised to demonstrate sFlt- @entity7 binding. RESULTS: Normal @entity1 corneas strongly express sFlt in the corneal epithelium and weakly in the corneal stroma close to the limbus. @entity7 is bound by sFlt in the normal @entity1 @entity267 . Neovascularised @entity1 corneas have greatly reduced expression of sFlt and significantly less @entity7 bound by sFlt. CONCLUSIONS: sFlt is highly expressed in the @entity1 @entity267 and normally sequesters @entity7 .

title: Soluble XXXX receptor-1 contributes to the corneal antiangiogenic barrier.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial keratitis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the UK National Guidelines for identifying @entity1 with potentially malignant @entity66 which were introduced in 2000. DESIGN: Retrospective audit. SETTING: The oral medicine unit in a university teaching hospital in London. METHODS: All new referrals over a one year period were retrospectively reviewed in a departmental audit to evaluate guideline effectiveness. Reasons for referral and final diagnosis were compared in a randomly selected sub-population. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty-seven of 901 new @entity1 referred were classified as having potentially malignant disease from the referral letter. In a randomly selected subgroup of 241 @entity1 , 18 actually had malignant (8) or @entity75 (10). Of 75 @entity1 referred with a persistent oral ulcer, only nine were actually malignant or @entity6349 . Eight of 116 @entity1 referred with a white patch and none with red patches were found to have @entity6349 or @entity5 . The criteria failed to identify three @entity189 and two severely @entity75 (15% of the malignant or @entity75 ). All of the latter had been referred by primary care physicians with @entity158 of unknown cause. CONCLUSIONS: UK National Guidelines discriminate poorly between potentially malignant and other @entity3136 .

title: An audit of the UK national XXXX referral guidelines for suspected @entity3136 .

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial pain']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Over the last three decades, @entity900 has been one of the most effective cytotoxic agents, but its administration has been hindered by its nephrotoxicity, @entity2359 and myelo @entity137 . Recently, liposomal @entity900 , @entity25777 , has been formulated and tested thoroughly in preclinical (in vitro) and phase I, II and III trials, as documented in the literature. Experiments in animals showed that @entity25777 is less toxic than @entity900 and that it produces @entity5 reduction. The histological examination of treated @entity5 from @entity19 xenografts was consistent with apoptosis in the @entity5 cells in a mechanism similar to that of @entity900 . @entity25777 infusion in @entity1 and measurements of @entity902 levels in @entity5 specimens showed 10-50 times higher levels in @entity5 and @entity3 than in the adjacent normal specimens. A phase I-II study using a combination of @entity25777 and @entity136 in pretreated @entity1 (with disease progression or stable disease) with advanced @entity788 was conducted. No nephrotoxicity was observed. With @entity25777 monotherapy the dose-limiting @entity137 was determined to be 350 mg/m and the maximum tolerated dose 300 mg/m; when used in combination with @entity1311 the dose-limiting @entity137 for @entity25777 was 250 mg/m and for @entity1311 175 mg/m, and the maximum tolerated dose was 200 and 175 mg/m, respectively. In two phase II randomized studies comparing the @entity25777 combination versus the @entity900 combination, it was found that the former was statistically significantly less toxic than the latter, whereas the response rate and survival were similar. Up to now, the data on @entity25777 treatment in @entity5 are quite impressive, because of the negligible @entity137 and because it is equal if not superior to @entity900 with regard to response rate. This review aims to chronologically document publications relevant to liposomal @entity900 to date.

title: Liposomal @entity900 : a new XXXX formulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity25777 :: ('MESH:C503131', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipoplatin', 'lipoplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The pathogenesis of the ceroid-lipofuscinoses, inherited storage diseases of @entity1 , was studied in an ovine model. This was shown to have clinical and pathological features most in common with the late infantile and juvenile @entity1 forms of the disease. The ability to study sequential changes allowed the @entity989 to be described as a dystrophy of photoreceptor outer segments which preceded loss of the photoreceptor cells. An early decrease in amplitude of the c-wave electroretinograph was attributed to a decrease in the transpigment epithelial component. The decreased a- and b-wave amplitudes were attributed to the changes in and loss of, photoreceptor cells. The chemical components of isolated storage cytosomes were analyzed and shown to consist mostly of protein. Sequence analysis of the dominantly stored protein showed that it was identical to the DCCD reactive proteolipid or subunit c of mitochondrial @entity855 synthase and that it comprised approximately 50% of storage material. Based on the adage that the dominantly stored species should reflect the underlying biochemical anomaly, it was concluded that it was of pathogenic significance. This highly hydrophobic protein tends to extract with lipids in @entity3636 / @entity1042 and is thus known as a proteolipid. Some of the remainder of the stored proteins also had this characteristic. It was concluded that ovine @entity12030 was a @entity28225 , more specifically a proteolipid @entity28225 and as such it forms the prototype of a new class of storage diseases. Recognition of the nature of the dominantly stored chemical species has helped understanding of a variety of chemical and physical characteristics attributed to the whole pigment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ovine @entity12030 is a proteolipid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['ceroid-lipofuscinosis']

entities_list: @entity28225 :: ('MESH:D008065', 'Disease') :: ['proteinosis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity28225 :: (MESH:D008065,Disease) :: ['proteinosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: We seek to determine the short-term outcomes associated with the use of Crotalidae polyvalent immune @entity1334 (ovine) (CroFab; FabAV) therapy for severe @entity5900 and to better define the incidence of @entity56 associated with FabAV use. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter observational case series study of @entity1 who received FabAV at 17 US hospitals in 2002 to 2004. A 7-point score incorporating local, systemic, and hematologic venom effects was used to grade @entity5900 severity before and after FabAV therapy. The primary outcome for response to therapy was the change in overall @entity5900 severity after FabAV administration. The primary safety outcomes were the rates of immediate @entity56 and serum sickness. RESULTS: The outcome-evaluable population included 209 @entity1 , of whom 28 had severe @entity5900 . All severely envenomated @entity1 improved after receiving FabAV. The median severity scores of severely envenomated @entity1 were 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 5 to 5) before FabAV, 1 (IQR 1 to 2) at the last FabAV loading dose, and 1 (IQR 0 to 1) at the last clinical observation. The proportion of @entity1 with progressive @entity158 , progressive swelling, cardiovascular effects, respiratory effects, neurologic effects, gastrointestinal effects, @entity1003 , and @entity882 all improved after FabAV therapy. The safety population included 247 @entity1 . Immediate @entity56 were reported in 6.1% (95% confidence interval 3.4% to 9.8%) of patients. Serum sickness was reported in 5% (95% confidence interval 0.6% to 17%) of @entity1 with a minimum of 6 days of follow-up after the last dose of FabAV. CONCLUSION: FabAV therapy is associated with clinical improvement in severe @entity5900 . Immediate @entity56 and serum sickness rates may be less than described in the FabAV prescribing information.

title: Short-term outcomes after XXXX antivenom therapy for severe crotaline snakebite.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['crotaline snake envenomation', 'envenomation']

answer: @entity1334 :: (2187,Gene) :: ['Fab']


abstract: cDNA clones encoding the catalytic subunit and the 65-kDa regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A ( @entity34444 ) from @entity238 have been isolated by homology screening with the corresponding @entity1 cDNAs. The @entity238 clones were used to analyze the spatial and temporal expression of the transcripts encoding these two proteins. The @entity238 @entity34444 cDNA clones contained an open reading frame of 1773 nucleotides encoding a protein of 65.5 kDa. The predicted amino acid sequence showed 75 and 71% identity to the @entity1 @entity12069 and beta isoforms, respectively. As previously reported for the @entity1 @entity34444 isoforms, @entity238 @entity34444 is composed of 15 imperfect repeating units of approximately 39 @entity1522 . The residues contributing to this repeat structure show also the highest sequence conservation between species, indicating a functional importance for these repeats. The gene encoding @entity238 @entity34444 was located at 29B1,2 on the second chromosome. A major transcript of 2.8 kilobase (kb) encoding the @entity34444 subunit and two transcripts of 1.6 and 2.5 kb encoding the catalytic subunit could be detected throughout @entity238 development. All of these mRNAs were most abundant during early embryogenesis and were expressed at lower levels in larvae and adult flies. In situ hybridization of different developmental stages showed a colocalization of the @entity34444 and catalytic subunit transcripts. The mRNA expression is high in the nurse cells and oocytes, consistent with a high equally distributed expression in early embryos. In later embryonal development, the expression remains high in the nervous system and the gonads but the overall transcript levels decrease. In third instar larvae, high levels of mRNA could be observed in brain, imaginal discs, and in salivary glands. These results indicate that protein phosphatase 2A transcript levels change during development in a tissue and in a time-specific manner.

title: Molecular cloning and developmental expression of the catalytic and 65-kDa regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 2A in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Activated neutrophils have been implicated as playing an important role in @entity63 /reperfusion injury of the liver by releasing toxic mediators such as @entity26 free radicals and elastases. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a novel, specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor ( @entity11011 ) on cold- @entity63 /reperfusion injury of the liver allograft in rodents. Livers from male Lewis @entity35 were procured and stored cold (4 degrees C) in lactated Ringer's solution and transplanted orthotopically. Recipients were divided into three groups: Vehicle group, 5-h preservation and vehicle (n = 8); @entity11011 group, 5-h preservation and administration of @entity11011 (n = 8); and Control group, minimum preservation only (n = 8). Bile output after reperfusion was significantly larger in the @entity11011 group compared to the Vehicle group (P < 0.05 or less). Sinusoidal endothelial cell function represented by the serum @entity4023 concentration at 120 min after reperfusion of the @entity11011 group was significantly lower than that in the Vehicle group (17.0 +/- 7.9 vs 36.2 +/- 14.9 ng/ml, P < 0.05), whereas serum transaminase levels 120 min after reperfusion were comparable between the two groups. Liver tissue energy charge 120 min after reperfusion was significantly better in the @entity11011 group compared to the Vehicle group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of neutrophils infiltrating the allograft after reperfusion was significantly depressed in the @entity11011 group compared to the Vehicle group (P < 0. 02). These data suggest that the neutrophil elastase might cause @entity409 early after reperfusion in cold-stored liver, which can be ameliorated by the administration of a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, @entity11011 .

title: Effect of specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor on XXXX /reperfusion injury in @entity35 liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cytoreduction with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has demonstrated improved @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). The role of repeated HIPEC for @entity3620 is less clear. METHODS: An institutional review board-approved database of @entity3620 @entity1 was analyzed for clinical factors and outcomes. RESULTS: From June 2004 to March 2012, 29 @entity1 underwent surgical treatment for @entity2615 . HIPEC was aborted in 3 and completed in 26; 8 underwent additional repeat HIPEC. The majority was male (62 %), median age 66 years. There was no significant difference in surgery duration, @entity190 , or hospital-stay-duration between initial and repeat HIPEC. @entity900 was the chemotherapy used. Complications occurred in 17 (65 %) initial and 6 (50 %) repeat HIPEC, with wound complications being most common. Reoperation was less common (4 % initial and 25 % repeat), and perioperative @entity204 was rare (4 % initial, 0 % repeat). Fourteen (54 %) initial and seven (58 %) repeat HIPEC @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median time from HIPEC to initiation of chemotherapy was not different between initial and repeat HIPEC (8.8 and 4.6 months, respectively, p = 0.68). Median treatment-free time (time from initial to repeat HIPEC or chemotherapy) also was not different between initial and repeat HIPEC (8.8 and 6.3 months, respectively, p = 0.92). Median @entity1349 for the cohort was 41.2 months. @entity1 who underwent repeat HIPEC had improved median @entity1349 (80 months) versus single HIPEC (27.2 months; p = 0.007). A lower @entity189 index and complete cytoreduction were associated positively with @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Cytoreduction and HIPEC for @entity3620 are associated with longer @entity1349 . @entity1 who are candidates for repeat HIPEC may derive an even greater @entity1349 advantage.

title: Repeat cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy may offer survival benefit for intraperitoneal XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant peritoneal mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) are a versatile tool for high-throughput protein screening, allowing qualitative analysis of a large number of samples on a single slide. We have developed a customizable @entity3145 system that uniquely utilizes cryopreserved @entity1 cardiac samples from both @entity712 and donor @entity1 to produce @entity406 -fixed paraffin embedded sections. Confirmatory upstream or downstream molecular studies can then be performed on the same (bio-banked) cryopreserved tissue. In a pilot study, we applied our @entity3145 to screen for the expression of @entity8825 ( @entity8825 ), a member of the four-and-a-half LIM family. This protein has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity712 in a variety of animal models. While @entity8825 is abundant in the heart, not much is known about its expression in @entity1 @entity712 . For this purpose, we generated an affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal anti-human @entity8825 antibody. Our @entity3145 allowed high-throughput profiling of @entity8825 proteinusing qualitative and semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry that proved complementary to Western blot analysis. We demonstrated a significant relative reduction in @entity8825 protein expression across different forms of @entity1 @entity712 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity3145 ( XXXX ) profiling in @entity1 @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['Tissue MicroArrays', 'TMA', 'TMAs']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity8825 :: ('2274', 'Gene') :: ['four-and-a-half LIM-domain 2', 'FHL2']

answer: @entity3145 :: (MESH:D017695,Disease) :: ['TMA']


abstract: What is it that keeps us awake? Our assumption is that we consciously control our daily activities including @entity25 -wake behavior, as indicated by our need to make use of an alarm clock to wake up in the morning in order to be at work on time. However, when we travel across multiple time zones or do shift work, we realize that our intentionally planned timings to rest and to remain active can interfere with an intrinsic regulation of @entity25 /wake cycles. This regulation is driven by a small region in the anterior hypothalamus of the brain, termed as the "circadian clock". This clock spontaneously synchronizes with the environmental light-dark cycle, thus enabling all organisms to adapt to and anticipate environmental changes. As a result, the circadian clock actively gates @entity25 and wakefulness to occur in synchrony with the light-dark cycles. Indeed, our internal clock is our best morning alarm clock, since it shuts off @entity2493 production and boosts @entity701 secretion and heart rate 2-3h prior awakening from Morpheus arms. The main reason most of us still use artificial alarm clocks is that we habitually carry on a @entity25 and/or the @entity25 -wake timing is not ideally matched with our social/work schedule. This in turn can lead hourglass processes, as indexed by accumulated homeostatic @entity25 need over time, to strongly oppose the clock. To add to the complexity of our @entity25 and @entity146 , light levels as well as exogenous @entity2493 can impinge on the clock, by means of their so-called zeitgeber (synchronizer) role or by acutely promoting @entity25 or wakefulness. Here we attempt to bring a holistic view on how light, @entity2493 , and the brain circuitry underlying circadian and homeostatic processes can modulate @entity25 and in particular alertness, by actively promoting awakening/arousal and @entity25 at certain times during the 24-h day.

title: What keeps us awake? The role of clocks and hourglasses, light, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep', 'sleep depth']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['wakefulness behavior']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate results in the palliative treatment of @entity1 with liver metastases of uveal @entity320 using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Superselective TACE was repeatedly performed in 12 @entity1 with liver metastases of uveal @entity320 . Six @entity1 presented with solitary liver metastases (6-12 cm in size) and six @entity1 with oligonodular metastases (n < or = 6). The embolization suspension consisted of a maximum of 10 mg/m(2) @entity1138 , 10 ml Lipiodol, and an injection of 200-450 mg resorbable microspheres for @entity432 . In the follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 3-month intervals. RESULTS: The TACE procedure was well tolerated in all @entity1 without any relevant side effects. Three @entity1 responded to TACE with a size reduction of more than 50% (partial response), five @entity1 with stable disease, and four @entity1 with progressive disease with an increase in volume of more than 25%. Mean survival following primary @entity5 treatment was 32.9 months, and after first embolization 19.5 months. Lower survival rates were recorded for the progressive group (16.5 months). CONCLUSION: Repeated TACE offers a palliative treatment option in @entity1 with oligonodular liver metastases of uveal @entity320 .

title: Preliminary experience with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in liver metastases of uveal @entity320 : XXXX control and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['local tumor']


abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in neuronal @entity2865 homeostasis may be involved in the mechanisms by which brain insults induce the development of @entity302 . A variety of brain insults, including @entity159 ( @entity159 ), lead to changes in the expression of the cation- @entity2865 cotransporters @entity26677 and @entity19837 , resulting in intracellular @entity2865 accumulation and reappearance of immature, depolarizing synaptic responses to @entity1246 (A) receptor activation, which may critically contribute to the @entity528 underlying epileptogenesis. In the present study, it was evaluated whether prolonged administration of the selective @entity19837 inhibitor, @entity11623 , after a @entity2134 -induced @entity159 modifies the development of @entity302 in adult female rats. The antiepileptic drug @entity109 , either alone or in combination, was used for comparison. Based on pharmacokinetic studies with @entity11623 , which showed extremely rapid elimination and low brain penetration of this drug in @entity35 , @entity11623 was administered systemically with different dosing protocols, including continuous intravenous infusion. As shown by immunohistochemistry, neuronal @entity19837 expression was markedly upregulated shortly after @entity159 . Prophylactic treatment with @entity109 after @entity159 reduced the number of @entity35 developing spontaneous @entity410 and decreased @entity410 frequency, indicating a disease-modifying effect. @entity11623 did not exert any significant effects on development of spontaneous @entity410 nor did it enhance the effects of @entity109 . However, combined treatment with both drugs counteracted several of the behavioral consequences of @entity159 , which was not observed with single drug treatment. These data do not indicate that @entity11623 can prevent @entity302 after @entity159 , but the disease-modifying effect of this drug warrants further studies with more lipophilic prodrugs of @entity11623 .

title: Disease-modifying effects of XXXX and the @entity19837 inhibitor @entity11623 in the @entity2134 model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity11623 :: ('MESH:D002034', 'Chemical') :: ['Bumetanide', 'bumetanide']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal hyperexcitability']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: A 20-year-old @entity1 was admitted in the neurology ICU after the drainage of a large frontal @entity1410 related to the spontaneous @entity548 of a recently diagnosed cavernoma. On admission the Glasgow @entity772 score was 4/15, with evidence of sub-falcorial herniation and @entity428 . On the 4th postoperative day the @entity1 developed @entity647 , with an apparently normal bedside chest x-ray examination. Several episodes of critical @entity26 desaturation (S(pO(2)) < 75%) occurred, which were not responsive to increasing PEEP and recruitment maneuvers. @entity519 was complicated by further increase in intracranial pressure. Ventilation in the prone position was not tolerated. The introduction of inhaled @entity842 allowed a rapid and sustained improvement of both arterial oxygenation and cerebral hemodynamics. Interactions between acute brain and @entity651 are complex. The correction of @entity519 can usually be achieved by increasing PEEP or by alveolar recruitment maneuvers. Ventilation in the prone position can also be helpful in improving oxygenation, but is not always possible. The potential benefit of inhaled @entity842 in similar cases has been described, but has still to be further explored.

title: Reciprocal influence of refractory XXXX and high intracranial pressure on the postoperative management of an urgent neurosurgical procedure.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia', 'Hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxemia']


abstract: @entity130 results in impairment of granulocyte production and function. The ability to improve the functional capacity of neutrophils could contribute to a reduced morbidity and mortality from @entity295 following @entity130 . Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that rhG-CSF increases the number of femoral marrow granulocyte progenitor cells and circulating neutrophils as well as the survival rate following burn wound @entity281 . The studies reported here examine the effect of in-vivo administration of rhG-CSF on neutrophil chemotaxis following a @entity130 and also following superimposed @entity2782 wound @entity295 in @entity19 . Casein-elicited peritoneal neutrophils were harvested 72 hours after @entity130 and 24 hours after @entity281 . Chemotaxis was assessed using microchemotaxis chambers and 10(-5) M @entity27542 as a chemoattractant. The number of neutrophils that migrated into the filter was used as an index of directed chemotaxis. @entity130 resulted in @entity308 compared with sham or sham/ @entity24778 -treated animals (p less than 0.05). Administration of rhG-CSF to burned animals resulted in a level of neutrophil chemotaxis comparable with that in control animals. The presence of a burn wound @entity281 caused no further @entity73 . Administration of rhG-CSF to animals with a burn wound @entity281 resulted in improved chemotaxis compared with sham, burned, and burned/infected animals. The beneficial effect of @entity24778 following burn wound @entity281 from this and previous studies appears to be a combination of expanded numbers of myeloid elements and preservation of their function.

title: The effect of @entity24778 ( XXXX ) upon burn-induced defective neutrophil chemotaxis.

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudomonas burn']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Severe thermal injury', 'Burn injury', 'burn injury', 'thermal injury']

answer: @entity24778 :: (12985(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['G-CSF']


abstract: Tracheal smooth muscle cells were enzymatically isolated from @entity840 @entity825 . These cells contracted in response to @entity934 (0.01-10 microM) in a concentration-dependent fashion. Under current-clamp conditions with 140 mM K+ in the pipette solution, the membrane potential oscillated spontaneously at around -30 mV. Under voltage-clamp conditions, there appeared spontaneous but steady oscillations of outward current (IO). On depolarization from a holding potential at -40 mV, three components of outward current were elicited: transient outward current (IT), steady-state outward current (IS) and IO. These three components of outward current reversed around the K+ equilibrium potential and were abolished by Cs+ in the pipette, indicating that K+ was the major charge carrier of these outward currents. All these three components were completely suppressed by extracellular @entity5128 (10 mM). Both IT and IO were @entity308 by @entity5126 (1 mM), @entity973 (10 mM) and @entity594 (100 nM), but IS was not affected. IT and IO were suppressed by a @entity141 -free perfusate with less than 1 nM @entity141 in the pipette, while with 10 nM @entity141 in the pipette, only IO was suppressed. In both conditions, IS was not affected by the @entity141 -free perfusate. Therefore, it is suggested that IO, IT and IS are separate types of K+ current. With Cs+ in the pipette, K+ currents were almost completely suppressed and a transient inward current was observed during depolarizing pulses. The inward current was not affected by @entity1022 and increased when the concentration of extracellular @entity141 was raised, indicating that the current is a @entity141 channel current. Even with a holding potential of -80 mV, the low-threshold inward current could not be observed. The high-threshold @entity141 current was abolished by @entity594 (100 nM) and was enhanced by @entity9898 (100 nM). The order of permeation of divalent cations through the @entity141 channel was @entity8594 greater than @entity15410 approximately @entity141 . @entity3280 blocked the @entity141 current more effectively than @entity3411 . These results may indicate that the @entity141 current of tracheal smooth muscle cells is mainly composed of the current through an L-type @entity141 channel.

title: Properties of membrane currents in isolated smooth muscle cells from @entity840 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: Menopausal @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is associated with increased @entity0 risk among postmenopausal @entity1 . Nuclear receptors are involved in @entity134 hormone- and xenobiotic-mediated signal transduction playing a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Therefore, variations within these genes may influence @entity34 -associated @entity0 risk. We investigated 3,149 postmenopausal @entity0 @entity1 and 5,489 controls from 2 German population-based case-control studies. Thirty-three polymorphisms selected on the basis of known or putative functional relevance located in @entity1782 , @entity1783 , @entity7273 , @entity16566 and @entity1984 were genotyped. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess multiplicative statistical interaction between polymorphisms and duration of @entity172 -progestagen therapy and of @entity172 monotherapy with regard to @entity0 risk assuming log-additive and codominant modes of inheritance. We observed an increased risk for @entity1 carrying short AR_(CAG) alleles of <22 repeats associated with combined @entity172 -progestagen therapy compared with those with long alleles (> or =22 repeats) (p(interaction) = 0.03). Additionally, risk associated with combination therapy use was significantly modified by 2 @entity16566 polymorphisms with reduction of risk effects in carriers of the minor @entity16566 _ @entity32032 _G and @entity16566 _ @entity32033 _A alleles (p(interaction) = 0.04 and 0.05, respectively). Variants in both @entity1782 and @entity1783 modified risk associated with @entity172 monotherapy use. Higher risk were observed in homozygotes for the major @entity1782 _ @entity32034 _T allele (p(interaction) < 0.01) and in homozygotes for the minor @entity1783 _ @entity15761 _T, major @entity1783 _ @entity15762 _G and minor @entity1783 _ @entity15763 _G alleles (p(interaction) = 0.02, 0.05, 0.02, respectively). Risk effect modification by @entity1782 _ @entity32034 and AR_(CAG)n polymorphisms remained significant after correction for multiple testing. We conclude that genetic variants in nuclear receptor genes may modify @entity0 risk.

title: Polymorphisms in genes of the @entity134 receptor superfamily modify postmenopausal XXXX risk associated with menopausal @entity34 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['HT-associated postmenopausal breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormone therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate if the single nucleotide polymorphisms @entity28936 , @entity28937 and @entity28938 , recently implicated in the development of acute primary angle closure or primary angle closure @entity726 , are associated with ocular biometric characteristics of British adults in the European Prospective Investigation of @entity2093 study. METHODS: Genotyping data on @entity28937 (between @entity28939 and @entity28940 ), @entity28938 (at @entity28941 ) and @entity28936 (at @entity28942 ) were available on 3268 @entity1 . Direct genotypic data was available for @entity28937 and @entity28936 . Data was imputed for @entity28938 . Ocular biometric data was available on 1137 @entity1 who attended the third European Prospective Investigation of @entity5 health examination and 988 (87%) of these @entity1 had no previous @entity231 surgery either eye. @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ), @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ) and corneal keratometry were measured by using the Zeiss IOLMaster. RESULTS: Presence of at least one A allele (AG or AA genotype) for @entity28937 was associated with a shallower @entity8707 (-0.07 mm, 95% CI -0.01 to -0.14 mm, p=0.028) after adjusting for age and sex (both p <=0.001). There was no association with @entity3656 or corneal keratometry for @entity28937 genotypes. @entity3656 , @entity8707 and keratometry were not associated with @entity28936 or @entity28938 genotypes including after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that primary angle closure @entity726 susceptibility at the @entity28939 - @entity28940 locus may be partly explained by an association between @entity28937 and @entity8707 in European populations. This effect is equivalent to almost 20% of the SD of the mean @entity8707 of phakic individuals in this cohort. We were not able to identify any association between @entity28936 or @entity28938 and ocular biometry.

title: Genotype-phenotype analysis of SNPs associated with primary angle closure @entity726 ( @entity28937 , @entity28936 and XXXX ) and ocular biometry in the EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['Axial length', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'anterior chamber depth']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2093 :: ('MESH:D005134', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer-Norfolk eye']

answer: @entity28938 :: (rs11024102,SNP) :: ['rs11024102']


abstract: SUMMARY: Neural networks operate robustly despite destabilizing factors, ranging from gene product turnover to circuit refinement, throughout life. Maintaining functional robustness of @entity528 critically depends upon forms of homeostatic plasticity including synaptic scaling. Synaptic strength and intrinsic excitability have been shown to "scale" (up or down) in response to altered ambient activity levels, and this has led to the general idea that homeostatic plasticity operates along a continuum. After 48 hours of activity deprivation, cultured hippocampal networks exhibited a homeostatic-type reconfiguration that was discrete: a switch from spontaneous spiking to oscillatory bursting. Blockade of fast glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission abolished spontaneous network bursting, but the majority of neurons exhibited intrinsic bursting in response to current injection, which was not the case in control tissue. This de novo intrinsic bursting could be blocked by @entity10278 , suggesting that this bursting involves @entity460 mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that activity-deprived slice cultures exhibited a widespread upregulation of voltage-dependent @entity460 channels compared with controls. @entity460 imaging studies from activity-deprived slices demonstrated that spontaneous bursting was not a local behavior, but rather a global, synchronous phenomenon, reminiscent of @entity410 activity. These data suggest that the input/output transformation of individual neurons undergoing homeostatic remodeling is more complex than simple scaling. Network consequences of this transformation include network destabilization of @entity302 proportions. Spontaneous activity plays a critical role in actively maintaining homeostatic balance in networks, which is lost after activity deprivation.

title: Activity deprivation leads to XXXX in hippocampal slice cultures: is @entity302 the consequence of homeostatic plasticity?

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal networks']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) is a valuable tool for evaluating neonatal @entity75 and identifying electrographic @entity410 . OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity410 activity and background pattern (BGP) between one-channel and two-channel aEEG recordings in full-term neonates. METHODS: The two-channel aEEG recordings (F3-P3; F4-P4) of 34 neonates with @entity410 were compared with single-channel recordings (P3-P4). RESULTS: All 34 @entity1 with unilateral (n=14), diffuse (n=18) or without (n=2) @entity1545 had @entity410 patterns on one-channel and two-channel recordings, with 18% more @entity410 patterns detected with two-channel recording. In 79% of @entity1 with unilateral injury more @entity410 were noted on the ipsilateral side compared to the contralateral side. In 39% of the @entity1 with diffuse @entity75 more @entity410 were found with two-channel recordings. A sensitivity of 65% was found when using the automatic @entity410 detection algorithm. In 4/14 (29%) @entity1 with unilateral injury a more severely affected BGP was seen on the ipsilateral side compared to the BGP on one-channel recording. In @entity1 with diffuse injury differences in BGP pattern were seen in 6-17% of the @entity1 depending on the system used for scoring. CONCLUSION: Although there were no major differences found between @entity410 detection with one-channel or two-channel aEEG, in a subgroup of @entity1 with a predominantly unilateral @entity75 , two-channel recording did provide additional information with identification of more @entity410 patterns on the affected side, sometimes also associated with a difference in BGP. To improve early diagnosis of unilateral lesions and improve @entity410 detection in these @entity1 , routine use of two-channel recordings is recommended.

title: Additional value of two-channel amplitude integrated EEG recording in full-term @entity1 with unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion', 'encephalopathy', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: Therapeutic management in pregnant @entity1 with @entity712 still remains a challenge, even though in most pregnant @entity1 with @entity299 an outcome is good. A 32-year-old @entity1 , 17 weeks pregnant, was admitted to hospital with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) NYHA class III/IV. Echocardiography revealed enlarged LV, LVEF 13%, significant @entity339 and @entity120 . The @entity1 wished to continue the pregnancy. In a life-threatening condition, @entity1406 , @entity4688 , @entity1482 (for 5 days), @entity1483 , and digitalis were administered. @entity4688 was continued for 42 days. Then the @entity1 was switched to a @entity11848 and @entity15230 regimen. The fetus was controlled ultrasonographically. In the 19th week of pregnancy, the @entity1 's condition improved (NYHA class II, LVEF 23%). The @entity1 experienced 2 more episodes of @entity712 exacerbation. In the 26th week of pregnancy, in a primary prevention of @entity1164 and because of 2nd-degree @entity713 , an @entity1479 was implanted. In the 32nd week of pregnancy a cesarean section was performed. A male @entity1 was delivered. The @entity1 made a good recovery and was discharged on the 7th postoperative day. The newborn was discharged after 4 weeks, in @entity558 . At 1-year follow-up the @entity1 presented NYHA class II.<br />

title: Therapeutic challenges and management of XXXX during pregnancy (part I).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'patient', 'women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good general condition']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity11848 :: ('MESH:D004078', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydralazine']

entities_list: @entity15230 :: ('MESH:C030397', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide mononitrate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to preliminarily investigate whether an enlarged geniculate ganglion fossa (GGF) on temporal bone computed tomography can diagnose GGF @entity174 in @entity1 with traumatic @entity3541 by evaluating the diameter of the GGF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 who underwent computed tomography before confirmation of GGF @entity174 on otologic surgery were recruited into a study group. Additionally, a cohort of 107 @entity1 with no histories of @entity542 , no structural abnormalities of inner ear, and no clinical symptoms of @entity717 who underwent computed tomography for other reasons were selected as a control group. The diameters of the GGFs of the study group were evaluated by two observers and compared retrospectively with those of the control group. Wilcoxon's test was used to compare discrepancies of both sides, and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability. RESULTS: The measurement of diameters showed good interobserver and intraobserver consistency. The discrepancy in the measurement of transdiameter between both sides of the GGF on reformatted transverse images of the study group was significantly different from that of the control group (Wilcoxon's test, P < .001). Discrepancy in the GGF on transverse images of the study group was larger than that of the control group. A significant difference existed in the discrepancy in vertical diameter between the study and control groups (Wilcoxon's test, P < .001) as well. CONCLUSIONS: An enlarged GGF on temporal bone computed tomography offers an additional sign for the diagnosis of GGF @entity174 in @entity1 with traumatic @entity3541 .

title: Enlarged geniculate ganglion fossa: CT sign of facial nerve canal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve disability']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The chemotherapy of @entity2040 currently depends on the use of a single drug, @entity2039 . In order to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents we are investigating enzymes involved in the epigenetic modification of chromatin. Sirtuins are @entity2125 dependent @entity376 deacetylases that are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes including histone deacetylation, and have been demonstrated to be therapeutic targets in various pathologies, including @entity5 . METHODOLOGY PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In order to determine whether @entity380 sirtuins are potential therapeutic targets we first identified and characterized their protein sequences. Five sirtuins (SmSirt) are encoded in the @entity383 genome and phylogenetic analysis showed that they are orthologues of @entity1 @entity4093 , @entity11935 , @entity34377 , @entity34378 and @entity34379 . Both SmSirt1 and SmSirt7 have large insertion in the catalytic domain compared to their @entity1 orthologues. SmSirt5 is the only mitochondrial sirtuin encoded in the parasite genome (orthologues of Sirt3 and Sirt4 are absent) and transcripts corresponding to at least five splicing isoforms were identified. All five sirtuins are expressed throughout the parasite life-cycle, but with distinct patterns of expression. Sirtuin inhibitors were used to treat both schistosomula and adult worms maintained in culture. Three inhibitors in particular, @entity11936 , @entity27674 and MS3 induced apoptosis and @entity204 of schistosomula, the separation of adult worm pairs, and a reduction in egg laying. Moreover, @entity27674 treatment led to a marked disruption of the morphology of ovaries and testes. Transcriptional knockdown of SmSirt1 by RNA interference in adult worms led to morphological changes in the ovaries characterized by a marked increase in mature oocytes, reiterating the effects of sirtuin inhibitors and suggesting that SmSirt1 is their principal target. CONCLUSION SIGNIFICANCE: Our data demonstrate the potential of schistosome sirtuins as therapeutic targets and validate screening for selective sirtuin inhibitors as a strategy for developing new drugs against @entity2040 .

title: XXXX Sirtuins: characterization and potential as chemotherapeutic targets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity27674 :: ('MESH:C539427', 'Chemical') :: ['Salermide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: Background. The utility of bariatric surgery in type 1 @entity6 remains controversial. The aim of the present study is to evaluate glycemic control outcomes in @entity28 @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 after bariatric surgery. Methods. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was completed. Inclusion criteria included @entity1 adult subjects with BMI >= 35   kg/m(2) and a confirmed diagnosis of type 1 @entity6 who underwent a bariatric surgical procedure. Results. Thirteen primary studies (86 @entity1 ) were included. Subjects had a mean age of 41.16    6.76 years with a mean BMI of 42.50    2.65   kg/m(2). There was a marked reduction in BMI postoperatively at 12 months and at study endpoint to 29.55    1.76   kg/m(2) (P < 0.00001) and 30.63    2.09   kg/m(2) (P < 0.00001), respectively. Preoperative weighted mean total daily insulin requirement was 98    26   IU/d, which decreased significantly to 36    15   IU/d (P < 0.00001) and 42    11   IU/d (P < 0.00001) at 12 months and at study endpoint, respectively. An improvement in HbA1c was also seen from 8.46    0.78% preoperatively to 7.95    0.55% (P = 0.01) and 8.13    0.86% (P = 0.03) at 12 months and at study endpoint, respectively. Conclusion. Bariatric surgery in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 leads to significant reductions in BMI and improvements in glycemic control.

title: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes for Type 1 XXXX after Bariatric Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The autosomal recessively inherited @entity19273 ( @entity19273 ) is a @entity179 characterized by juvenile or adolescent age of onset, @entity11583 , @entity76 , @entity16 , @entity24147 , and elevated serum @entity160 levels. @entity19273 is caused by mutations within the @entity30805 gene ( @entity30805 ). The majority of known mutations are nonsense, missense, and splice site mutations, as well as small deletions and insertions. METHODS: To detect mutations in @entity1 showing a clinical phenotype consistent with @entity19273 , the coding region including splice sites of the @entity30805 gene was sequenced and dosage analyses for all exons were performed on genomic DNA. The sequence of cDNA fragments of alternative transcripts isolated after RT-PCR was determined. RESULTS: Sequence analyses of the @entity30805 gene in four @entity1 revealed a heterozygous nonsense mutation or a 4 bp deletion in three cases. In another @entity1 , PCR amplification of exon 11 to 15 dropped out. Dosage analyses and breakpoint localisation yielded a 1.3 kb LINE1 insertion in exon 12 ( @entity1 P1) and a 6.1 kb deletion between intron 11 and intron 14 ( @entity1 P2) in addition to the heterozygous nonsense mutation @entity32930 . @entity1 P3 was compound heterozygous for a 4 bp deletion in exon 10 and a 20.7 kb deletion between intron 10 and 15. This deletion was present in a homozygous state in @entity1 P4. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that gross mutations seem to be a frequent cause of @entity19273 and reveal the importance of additional copy number analysis for routine diagnostics.

title: Exon deletions and intragenic insertions are not rare in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity19273 :: ('MESH:C537308', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2', 'AOA2']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['axonal sensorimotor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity24147 :: ('MESH:C537423', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor apraxia']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['gait ataxia']

answer: @entity19273 :: (MESH:C537308,Disease) :: ['ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore occupational and psychological risk factors for the incidence and persistence of @entity4512 . METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal investigation of three occupational groups in Crete, Greece. Baseline information was obtained at interview about @entity158 in the past year at each of six anatomical sites, and about possible risk factors for subsequent symptoms. Twelve months later, subjects were re-interviewed about @entity158 at the same anatomical sites in the past month. @entity158 at two or more sites was classed as multi-site. Associations with new development and persistence of multi-site @entity158 at follow-up were assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Analysis was based on 518 subjects (87% of those originally selected for study). At follow-up, multi-site @entity158 persisted in 217 (62%) of those who had experienced it in the year before baseline, and was newly developed in 27 (17%) of those who had not. Persistence of multi-site @entity158 was significantly related to physical loading at work, somatising tendency and beliefs about work as a cause of @entity4512 , with OR (95% CI) for the highest relative to the lowest exposure categories of 2.3 (1.0 to 5.6), 2.6 (1.5 to 4.6) and 1.9 (1.1 to 3.3) respectively. Development of new multi-site @entity158 was most strongly associated with working for >= 40 h per week (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 24.0). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the importance of both physical loading at work and somatising tendency as risk factors for multi-site @entity158 , and suggest that persistence of @entity158 is also influenced by adverse beliefs about work causation.

title: Risk factors for new onset and persistence of XXXX in a longitudinal study of workers in Crete.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['multi-site musculoskeletal pain', 'musculoskeletal pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['multi-site musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies provide evidence for a significant reduction of coronary flow reserve after ingestion of meals of different compositions. A possible role of @entity3190 and increased free @entity844 levels, which are deleterious during acute @entity741 and reperfusion, has been hypothesized. We assessed in @entity1 with stable @entity301 the effects of high-fat meals (HFMs) and high- @entity1735 meals (HCMs) on @entity63 threshold and stress left ventricular function on placebo and after partial @entity844 inhibition by @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ). METHODS: Ten @entity1 (9 @entity1 , age 68 +/- 7 years) were allocated to placebo and @entity2904 (40 mg TID), both administered in the 24 hours preceding testing, according to a randomized double-blind study design. All @entity1 underwent stress (treadmill exercise testing according to the Bruce protocol) echocardiography after fasting (8 hours) and after an HFM and HCM (2 hours) either on placebo or on @entity2904 . Time to 1-mm ST-segment @entity308 (time to 1 mm) and stress wall motion score index (WMSI) were evaluated. RESULTS: An HFM did not affect exercise variables compared with fasting, whereas an HCM resulted in a reduction of the @entity63 threshold (time to 1 mm from 402 +/- 141 to 292 +/- 123 seconds, P = .025). Compared with placebo, @entity2904 improved time to 1 mm after fasting, HFM, and HCM (432 +/- 153 vs 402 +/- 141, 439 +/- 118 vs 380 +/- 107, 377 +/- 123 vs 292 +/- 123, F(1,9) = 26.91, P = .0006). Compared with placebo, on @entity2904 , stress WMSI decreased from 1.55 +/- 0.25 to 1.29 +/- 0.14 after fasting, from 1.57 +/- 0.10 to 1.39 +/- 0.28 after HFM, and from 1.64 +/- 0.21 to 1.39 +/- 0.21 after HCM (F(1,9) = 37.04, P = .0002). Interestingly, stress WMSI on @entity2904 was never different from rest WMSI on placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity301 , exercise testing after an HCM results in more severe @entity741 compared with that after an HFM. The observed beneficial effects of the partial @entity844 inhibitor @entity2904 seem to be unrelated to meal composition and are possibly caused by the better @entity413 use induced by the drug.

title: The anti- @entity63 effect of XXXX in @entity1 with postprandial @entity741 is unrelated to meal composition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetazidine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1481 :: (MESH:D014292,Chemical) :: ['trimetazidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to 50% of @entity1 undergoing allogenic stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can develop @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) as a severe complication. Immunosuppressive therapies may prove not only ineffective but may cause serious adverse effects. @entity2132 remains a major clinical problem and is often associated with high mortality rates. METHODS: This article presents the cases of a 48-year-old @entity1 and a 23-year-old @entity1 , both presenting with severe @entity2132 following allogenic stem cell transplantation. Despite several years of treatment with oral @entity288 , @entity618 , @entity3446 and @entity19570 , the @entity272 had not improved. Both @entity1 were then treated with @entity6339 plus ultraviolet (PUVA)-bath photochemotherapy three times weekly, following a standardized treatment protocol. RESULTS: After a total accumulated dose of about 90 J/cm2, @entity272 in both @entity1 had improved, showing complete remission in some body areas. Systemic corticosteroid treatment could be gradually reduced in the case of the female @entity1 and @entity272 remained stable during maintenance treatment of PUVA-bath two times weekly and during a mean follow-up period of eight months. CONCLUSION: Oral PUVA therapy has been established as a successful treatment for @entity2132 , but unfortunately may result in systemic side effects. @entity6339 plus ultraviolet-A-bath photochemotherapy provides clinicians with a therapeutic alternative that offers high clinical efficacy and safety. Therefore, PUVA-bath could be included as an alternative in the treatment protocol for chronic cutaneous @entity2132 .

title: Two cases of cutaneous chronic XXXX in treatment with psoralen plus ultraviolet-A-bath photochemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'skin conditions']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'cutaneous sclerodermic chronic GVHD', 'acute and chronic GVHD', 'acute or chronic graft versus host disease']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity6339 :: ('MESH:D005363', 'Chemical') :: ['psoralen', 'Psoralen']

entities_list: @entity19570 :: ('CHEBI:50173', 'Chemical') :: ['acitretine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft versus host disease']


abstract: The array of Bacteroides gingivalis W83 antigens revealed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis includes one antigen that is associated with an erythrocyte-binding capacity, termed the hemagglutinating adhesin HA-Ag2. This antigen was excised from crossed-immunoelectrophoresis plates to produce two polyclonal antisera, VL 011 and WL 303, whose restricted specificity for HA-Ag2 was assessed using crossed immunoelectrophoresis, crossed immunoelectrophoresis with an intermediate gel, and crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis. Both antisera, when used to probe blots of an EDTA cell surface extract of @entity2523 W83, reacted with two bands, at 33 and 38 kDa, which were also detected by a monoclonal antibody (Naito et al. 1985. Infect. Immun. 50: 231-235), specific for a hemagglutinin of B. gingivalis. Antiserum WL 303 was used to examined by immunoblotting the distribution of HA-Ag2 among a variety of @entity1 and animal strains of @entity2523 . All @entity1 strains tested showed two major bands at 33 and 38 kDa in the EDTA cell surface extract, and at 43 and 49 kDa in outer membrane preparations. Only one band, at 29 kDa, was detected in EDTA cell surface extracts from the animal strains, while the outer membrane preparation of a single strain showed a positive reaction. We concluded that HA-Ag2 is an antigen common to @entity1 and animal strains of @entity2523 and that its subunits may show heterogeneity in apparent molecular mass.

title: Molecular size variation of the hemagglutinating adhesin HA-Ag2, a common antigen of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['B. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Bacteroides gingivalis']


abstract: @entity4443 (LT) of the @entity1437 pathway constitute a class of potent biological lipid mediators of @entity32 implicated in the pathogenesis of different models of experimental @entity631 . The key enzyme, @entity1437 (5-LO), catalyses oxygenation of @entity1426 to generate the primary leukotriene LTA4. This LT, in turn, serves as a substrate for either @entity19960 , to form the potent chemoattractant LTB4, or @entity21238 , to produce the powerful vasoconstrictor LTC4. To investigate the potential role of LT in the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity631 with @entity1985 , we examined the gene expression of 5-LO and @entity19960 in renal tissue of 21 adult @entity1 with @entity1985 and 11 controls. The @entity1 consisted of 11 cases of @entity8 ( @entity8 ), seven @entity628 ( @entity628 ), two non-IgA mesangial @entity631 and one @entity1987 . Total RNA purified from renal tissue was reverse transcribed into cDNA and amplified with specific primers in a polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Eight @entity1 ' renal tissue, four @entity8 and four @entity628 , co-expressed 5-LO and @entity19960 . In situ hybridization analysis revealed 5-LO expression and distribution limited to the interstitial cells surrounding the peritubular capillaries. Comparative clinical and immunohistological data showed that these eight @entity1 had @entity8 and interstitial changes that significantly correlated with 5-LO expression. These findings suggest that @entity4443 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity8 and @entity628 . These results are also relevant to elucidating the pathophysiologic mechanisms which underlie progression to @entity177 in these diseases.

title: Gene expression of @entity1437 and XXXX in renal tissue of @entity1985 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function', 'membranous nephropathy', 'MN']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes', 'Leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity19960 :: (4048,Gene) :: ['LTA4 hydrolase']


abstract: AIMS: To compare pancreatic volume (PV) and its clinical significance among @entity1 with type 2 (Type 2 @entity3918 ), adult-onset @entity6 (Type 1 @entity3918 ) and @entity12011 ( @entity12011 ). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. 126 outpatients (68 with @entity12011 and 58 with Type 1 @entity3918 and 158 inpatients (71 with Type 2 @entity3918 and 87 non-diabetic controls) were recruited during May-July 2013 in Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth @entity1 's Hospital. All the @entity1 were undergone abdominal computerized tomography; PV was then calculated. RESULTS: The mean PV was the highest in the controls, followed by those in @entity1 with Type 2 @entity3918 , @entity12011 and Type 1 @entity3918 . The PV in @entity12011 was comparable to that in Type 2 @entity3918 but significantly greater than that in Type 1 @entity3918 (P   <   0.05). The PV in @entity1 with @entity12011 was significantly correlated with sex, waist circumference, body surface area, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (all P   <   0.05). The correlation between PV and fasting @entity2690 (FCP) was high in @entity1 with @entity12011 (r   =   0.643, P   <   0.001) and moderate in @entity1 with Type 2 @entity3918 (r   =   0.467, P   <   0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for PV predictive of @entity1720 (FCP   <   0.9   ng/mL) was 0.85 (0.76-0.94) in @entity12011 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity788 in @entity12011 was less marked than in Type 1 @entity3918 . @entity788 may suggest reduced level of FCP in @entity1 with @entity12011 .

title: Pancreatic volume is reduced in @entity1 with @entity12011 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity12011 :: ('MESH:C565730', 'Disease') :: ['latent autoimmune diabetes in adults', 'LADA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['absolute insulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity12011 :: (MESH:C565730,Disease) :: ['LADA']


abstract: One hundred thirty @entity1 with histologically verified primary @entity79 , unassociated with any pre-existent benign bone condition, were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1918 and 1973. This series of cases represents approximately 5% of primary @entity3478 treated in our institution. Eighty-nine of the lesions were medullary or central in location, and 41 were periosteal or peripheral. There was a nearly equal sex distribution, and a mean age of 38 years ranging from 4 to 83 years. This lesion exhibited a strong predilection for long bones, with the most common location being the femur (43 cases), humerus (16 cases), and tibia (12 cases). In 19 instances, bones of the head and neck area were the primary sites. The roentgenographic differential diagnoses included osteolytic @entity421 , @entity5 , or solitary plasma cell @entity1582 . Major ablative surgery was the primary method of therapy. Amputation was performed, yielding the best curative results in high-grade @entity5 , while radical local excision sufficed for most low-grade periosteal @entity1492 . Thirty-four percent of the @entity1 survived 5 years (27% medullary and 52% periosteal), while 28% were alive after 10 years (20% medullary and 48% periosteal). These survival rates provide further evidence that @entity79 is a distinct clinicopathologic entity and not a variant of @entity421 , which carries a much poorer 5-year survival rate of approximately 17%.

title: Primary @entity79 . A clinicopathologic study of 130 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant giant cell tumor, metastatic carcinoma', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma of bone']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic sarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']