abstract: BACKGROUND: Although hormonal therapy is effective for treatment of @entity263 , its effect in the treatment of metastatic @entity1745 (MSCC) has not been established. The objective of this study was to clarify the efficacy of conservative treatment of MSCC-induced @entity912 resulting from @entity263 for @entity1 without a previous treatment history. METHODS: We reviewed data from 38 @entity1 with MSCC-induced @entity912 from newly diagnosed @entity263 who presented to our service between 1984 and 2010. Conservative treatment consisted of hormonal therapy with external radiation therapy (ERT). @entity1 demographic data, treatment details, involved spine MRI images, complications, and the course of neurologic recovery were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were treated conservatively. Mean follow-up period was 36.8 months. Sixteen @entity1 (two with Frankel B, 14 with Frankel C) were unable to walk at initial presentation. After initiating conservative treatment, 75% (12 of 16) of these @entity1 regained the ability to walk within 1 month, 88% (14 in 16) did so within 3 months, and all non-ambulatory @entity1 did so within 6 months. No one had morbid complications. Four @entity1 who did not regain the ability to walk at 1 month were found to have progressed to @entity451 rapidly, and tended to have severe compression as visualized on MRI, with a delay in the start of treatment in comparison with those who did so within 1 month (21.0 vs. 7.8 days). CONCLUSIONS: Hormonal therapy associated with ERT is an important option for treatment of MSCC resulting from newly diagnosed @entity263 .

title: Hormonal therapy with external radiation therapy for metastatic @entity1745 from newly diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity259 often involves the RLN at the ligament of Berry, which makes preservation of the nerve difficult. If the portion of RLN is resected, finding the peripheral RLN for reconstruction is difficult. Here we describe a laryngeal approach performed before dissecting the RLN to overcome these problems. METHODS: Between January 2007 and April 2011, 13 @entity1 with @entity3557 had unilateral RLN involvement by the @entity5 at the ligament of Berry. Preoperatively, 8 had functioning vocal cords and 5 had unilateral paralysis. The laryngeal approach involves dividing the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle along the lateral edge of the thyroid cartilage and identifying the nerve under the muscle or behind the thyroid cartilage. This procedure was performed before resecting the @entity5 in 10 @entity1 (Group 1) and after resection in the remaining 3 (Group 2). RESULTS: In Group 1, the RLN could be preserved with sharp dissection in 3 with functioning vocal cords preoperatively. Postoperatively they restored vocal cord function. The remaining 7 needed resection of the portion of RLN. RLN reconstruction was easily, since the peripheral RLN had already been identified. All @entity1 in Group 2 needed resection of the portion of RLN. The peripheral RLN was identified in 2, and ansa-RLN @entity254 was performed. However, this was not possible in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity259 involving the RLN at the ligament of Berry, performing the laryngeal approach before dissecting the nerve facilitates preservation or reconstruction of the nerve.

title: Laryngeal approach to the recurrent laryngeal nerve involved by XXXX at the ligament of Berry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: Primary @entity9676 is an uncommon @entity154 . It is an intrinsic abnormality of the intestinal lymphatics system. Over the years, various treatment options such as diuretics, albumin transfusions and a medium chain @entity1674 (MCT) diet as well as surgical options such as resection of isolated segments and peritoneal-venous shunts have been used. An MCT diet, which is a low fat, high protein diet, is increasingly used in the management of this @entity154 . AIM: The aim was to review the evidence for medium chain @entity1674 as a therapeutic option in @entity1 with primary @entity9676 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was performed and individual case details were extracted. We found 55 cases, of which 3 were from our own institute. The cases were divided in 2 groups: Group A (n=27) consisted of @entity1 treated with MCT, and Group B (n=28) consisted @entity1 not treated with MCT. Cases were analysed for symptomatic response to MCT as well as mortality. RESULTS: 17 of 27 cases (63%) treated with MCT had complete resolution of symptoms while only 10 of 28 (35.7%) @entity1 in group B showed complete resolution. Mortality for Group A was 1 out of 27 (3.7%), while mortality in group B was 5 of 28 (17.85%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that, although an MCT diet is not completely curative in all cases, it does improve the symptoms of primary @entity9676 and reduces mortality. Hence it is a valid option in the paediatric age group.

title: Evidence for medium chain XXXX in the treatment of primary @entity9676 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity9676 :: ('MESH:D008201', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lymphangiectasia']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: PURPOSE: As endovascular stent graft repair of infrarenal @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) becomes more common, an increasing proportion of @entity1 who undergo open operation will have @entity439 (JR- @entity1028 ), which necessitate suprarenal crossclamping, suprarenal @entity439 (SR- @entity1028 ), which necessitate renal artery reconstruction, or @entity439 with associated @entity432 ( @entity432 ), which necessitate repair. To determine the current results of the standard operative treatment of these patterns of @entity449 , we reviewed the outcome of 257 consecutive @entity1 who underwent operation for JR- @entity1028 (n = 122), SR- @entity1028 (n = 58), or @entity432 (n = 77). METHODS: The @entity1 with SR- @entity1028 and @entity432 were younger (67.5 +/- 8.8 years) than were the @entity1 with JR- @entity1028 (70.5 +/- 8.3 years), and more @entity1 with @entity432 were @entity1 (43% vs 21% for JR- @entity1028 and SR- @entity1028 ). The @entity1 groups were similar in the frequency of coronary artery and @entity358 and in most risk factors for @entity731 , except @entity101 , which was more common in the @entity432 group. Significantly more @entity1 with @entity432 had reduced renal function before surgery (51% vs 23%). Supravisceral aortic crossclamping (above the superior mesenteric artery or the celiac artery) was needed more often in @entity1 with SR- @entity1028 (52% vs 39% for @entity432 and 17% for JR- @entity1028 ). Seventeen @entity1 (7%) had undergone a prior aortic reconstruction. The most common renal reconstruction for SR-AAA was reimplantation (n = 37; 64%) or bypass grafting (n = 12; 21%) and for @entity432 was transaortic renal endarterectomy (n = 71; 92%). Mean AAA diameter was 6.7 +/- 2.1 cm and was larger in the JR-AAA (7.1 +/- 2.1 cm) and SR-AAA (6.9 +/- 2.1 cm) groups as compared with the @entity432 group (5.9 +/- 1.7 cm). RESULTS: The overall mortality rate was 5.8% (n = 15) and was the same for all the groups. The mortality rate correlated (P <.05) with hematologic complications ( @entity548 ) and postoperative @entity63 or @entity1188 but not with @entity439 group or @entity299 . @entity8 duration averaged 31.6 +/- 21.6 minutes and was longer in the SR-AAA group (43.6 +/- 38.9 minutes). Some @entity177 occurred in 104 @entity1 (40.5%), of whom 18 (7.0%) required dialysis. At discharge or @entity204 , 24 @entity1 (9.3%) still had no improvement in renal function and 11 of those @entity1 (4.3%) remained on dialysis. @entity86 of renal function correlated (P <.05) with preoperative @entity8 and duration of @entity8 but not with @entity439 type, crossclamp level, or type of renal reconstruction. CONCLUSION: These results showed that pararenal AAA repair can be performed safely and effectively. The outcomes for all three @entity439 types were similar, but there was an increased risk of loss of renal function when preoperative renal function was abnormal. These data provide a benchmark for expected treatment outcomes in @entity1 with these patterns of @entity449 that currently can only be managed with open repair.

title: XXXX : the future of open @entity449 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal renal function', 'renal ischemia', 'Renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['pararenal aortic aneurysmal disease', 'pararenal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['visceral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative renal function loss']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'juxtarenal aneurysms', 'aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative loss']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac, pulmonary, or renal complications']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['RAOD', 'renal artery occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['AAAs', 'abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['Pararenal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the familiarity of the general public with @entity4610 ( @entity4610 ) and their willingness to use them. METHODS: Shoppers were asked to complete a survey in an AED-equipped suburban shopping mall. RESULTS: 359 surveys were analyzed. Of the @entity1 , 11% were healthcare professionals, 51% had training in CPR or first aid, and 44% had no medical training. Sixty percent were able to define defibrillator adequately. Seventy-one percent stated they would be likely to use an AED to resuscitate a stranger. The most common concerns were fear of using the machine incorrectly (57%) and fear of legal liability (38%). After being told of liability protection from the federal @entity1167 Survival Act, 84% stated they would be likely to use the AED. This increased further to 91% if the @entity1 were given an opportunity to receive training. CONCLUSION: Although a substantial number of @entity1 in this setting were willing to use an AED, education regarding legal liability and proper use of the machines increased the reported likelihood of use. Further public education may be necessary to provide optimally effective public access defibrillation programs.

title: An assessment of public attitudes toward XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['automated external defibrillators', 'AEDs']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Arrest']

answer: @entity4610 :: (MESH:D009886,Disease) :: ['automated external defibrillators']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The impact of childhood adversity persists across the life course. This study aimed to investigate the associations of childhood adversity with the course, suicidality, and treatment outcomes of @entity308 . METHOD: A total of 919 @entity1 with @entity308 were recruited. Childhood adversities ( <=12 years old) were ascertained using a checklist, in @entity458 , physical abuse by parents, and separation of parents. Various assessment scales were administered at baseline and over 12 weeks of antidepressants treatment. RESULTS: All three forms of childhood adversity were associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing more current stressful events. Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were significantly higher in @entity1 with a history of @entity458 . Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale were significantly higher, and scores on the WHO Quality of life instrument were significantly lower in @entity1 with a history of physical abuse by parents. They were more likely to receive augmentation and combination treatment after the initial antidepressant treatment, whereas overall response rates to treatment did not differ. Scores on the Beck Scale for suicide ideation were significantly higher after treatment and/or at baseline in @entity1 with @entity458 . @entity221 was more prevalent in individuals with physical abuse by parents or separation of parents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 @entity1 with a history of childhood adversities had more severe and chronic forms of @entity308 with high suicidality. More intensive treatment with particular clinical attention is indicated for this special population.

title: Impact of childhood adversity on the course and suicidality of XXXX : the CRESCEND study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive', 'depressive disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Physical illness']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse', 'sexual or physical abuse']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To conduct a survey of the @entity5426 developing after breast conservation for @entity189 in the French @entity5 Centers, to study the evolution of these cases in detail, and to review literature in an attempt to propose an optimal treatment scheme. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven of the 20 French @entity5 Centers agreed to research and retrospectively analyze all @entity5426 discovered in @entity1 previously treated by conservative treatment. The majority of the @entity1 were node negative, T1N0M0. The mean age of the @entity1 at the time of primary @entity0 treatment was 62.5 years, and 69 years at the diagnosis of the @entity5426 . RESULTS: During the last two decades, nearly 20,000 @entity1 have been treated conservatively in these 11 centers, and only 9 cases of @entity5426 were found. The median latency period between the treatment of the @entity0 and the diagnosis of the @entity5425 was approximately 74 months, with a range of 57-108 months. Mastectomy was performed as the main treatment of this @entity5426 . All recurrences after mastectomy for the @entity5426 appeared within 16 months after the mastectomy. A median time of recurrence was found to be 7.5 months, regardless of the treatment. The @entity5426 appeared to be very aggressive, and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and sometimes hyperthermia could only palliate the condition for a short time. After the diagnosis of @entity5426 , the median survival was 15.5 months, showing a particularly poor prognosis. Only 1 @entity1 of 9 is alive without progressive disease at 32 months after salvage mastectomy for the recurrence of the @entity5426 . Precise data obtained from 11 centers show that, of 18115 @entity0 treated conservatively, only 9 @entity5425 are reported, which represents a prevalence of 5 cases of @entity5426 per 10,000, which is the same prevalence for primary @entity5425 occurring in healthy breasts. CONCLUSION: @entity5426 developing after breast conserving therapy for @entity189 is a rare event, and induction of it by treatment is controversial. However, early diagnosis is essential and it appears that radical mastectomy gives the highest chance of cure and the best long-term survival.

title: Nine @entity5425 after conservative treatment for @entity0 : a survey from French comprehensive XXXX Centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5425 :: ('MESH:C536368', 'Disease') :: ['breast angiosarcoma', 'breast angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'angiosarcomas', 'Angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autosomal recessive woolly hair/ @entity3798 (ARWH/H) is caused by mutations in @entity36166 . Homozygotes for the @entity36166 @entity36167 ( @entity36168 ) mutation, the most prevalent genotype in Japanese @entity1 , present varying degrees of hair loss; however, determinants of this phenotypic diversity remain elusive. OBJECTIVES: To establish methodologies for quantitative assessment of clinical severity and provide a detailed characterization to elucidate the factors contributing to phenotypic divergence. METHODS: Digital image analyses were conducted to convert clinical severities into numerical values. Eight @entity1 with ARWH/H were classified into three groups (mild, severe, very severe), based on severity scores. Dermoscopic images were collected and assessed for total hair numbers and hair thickness for intergroup comparisons. RESULTS: The image analysis detected a difference in hair thickness but not in total hair numbers, between mild and severe cases. A marked decrease in total hair number was noted in an atypical very severe case. Histopathologically, a @entity1 with a mild case demonstrated hair miniaturization and a high telogen/anagen ratio without a decrease in total hair count, endorsing dermoscopic observations. Two @entity1 demonstrated spontaneous improvement without an increase in total hair numbers, and two adults responded well to topical @entity5491 with increased total hair numbers and hair thickness. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in the frequency of underdeveloped hairs may be a major factor contributing to the clinical diversity of hair sparseness in @entity36166 @entity36167 homozygotes with ARWH/H. Hence, pharmacological modification to thicken existing fine hairs may provide a therapeutic strategy.

title: Identification of factors contributing to phenotypic divergence via quantitative image analyses of autosomal recessive woolly hair/ @entity3798 with homozygous XXXX @entity36166 mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3798 :: ('MESH:D007039', 'Disease') :: ['hypotrichosis']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil']

answer: @entity36167 :: (c|SUB|T|736|A,DNAMutation) :: ['c.736T>A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity4798 affects the timing and regimen of cardiac surgery in @entity1 with @entity884 ( @entity884 ). We aimed to identify preoperative brain MRI characteristics, incidence, and related factors for @entity2806 in left-sided @entity884 @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. Furthermore, we investigated whether preoperative @entity2806 are associated with @entity16 in @entity884 @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive @entity1 with a definite left-sided @entity884 who underwent cardiac surgery in 6 university-affiliated hospitals from January 2004 to November 2011. Preoperative brain MRI evaluations were systematically performed on all @entity1 without contraindications, regardless of @entity16 , with the aim of preventing perioperative complications. @entity1 were included if diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences were performed within 14 days after diagnosis. Associations between @entity2806 and related factors were analyzed. @entity16 within 30 days after surgery were evaluated for postoperative outcome analyses. RESULTS: Of 139 consecutive @entity1 with left-sided @entity884 who underwent cardiac surgery, 85 @entity1 were evaluated in this study. The mean age was 58    16 years, and 22 @entity1 (26%) were @entity1 . Preoperative MRI revealed @entity2806 in 47 @entity1 (55%), and 19 of these @entity1 developed @entity16 . Among the @entity1 with @entity2806 , 24 (60%) had small lesions (<10 mm), 36 (77%) had @entity75 , and 30 (64%) had lesions in multiple vascular territories. Compared to @entity1 without @entity2806 , @entity1 with @entity2806 were older and had significantly higher white blood cell counts and plasma @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels, but lower hemoglobin levels. Logistic regression analyses showed that the white blood cell count and plasma @entity1851 level were independently associated with @entity2806 [adjusted OR @entity307 -SD increase were 2.21 (95% CI: 1.23-4.35) and 2.33 (95% CI: 1.27-4.96), respectively]. Three @entity1 developed @entity16 , but preoperative @entity260 were not associated. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative MRI detected a high incidence of asymptomatic @entity2806 in @entity884 @entity1 . Acute @entity2806 were often small, multiple, and located in multiple vascular territories. Inflammatory reactions may play an important role in the development of @entity2806 in @entity884 @entity1 .

title: Acute @entity75 in XXXX : incidence, related factors, and postoperative outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions', 'acute ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications', 'neurological complications', 'neurological symptoms', 'postoperative neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic lesions and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: The importance of nasal airflow resistance in the pathogenesis of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) remains contentious. We performed formal nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) on @entity27 @entity1 under conditions of baseline and reduced nasal resistance to answer two main questions. First, to what degree does baseline nasal airflow resistance influence upper airway collapse in @entity27 @entity1 ? Second, in what proportion of the @entity27 population is baseline nasal resistance contributing to the pathogenesis of upper airway collapse? Our study group consisted of 10 @entity1 with a wide range of @entity27 severity. Six of these @entity1 had symptoms and clinical evidence of chronic nasal obstruction which, in some, was associated with markedly elevated nasal resistance. A placebo (normal saline) was instilled in the nose of each @entity1 on the night of baseline data collection. On the treatment night of the study, nasal resistance was reduced by application of topical vasoconstrictor and insertion of vestibular stents designed to dilate the area of the nasal valve. Posterior rhinomanometry was used to measure resistance to nasal airflow immediately before and after each PSG study. Although treatment was associated with a subjective improvement in @entity25 and mean drop in nasal resistance of 73% (P less than 0.001), there was no significant improvement in sleep architecture, nocturnal oxygenation, or the amount of @entity386 experienced by @entity1 . The most significant improvement was a reduced number of arousals/hour from 52.4 +/- 12.4 on placebo to 43.7 +/- 10.2 on treatment (P less than 0.04).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The importance of nasal resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity5709 (NA) as single-agent hormonal therapy for suppression of @entity46 symptoms in adolescents and young adults. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Two academic medical centers. @entity1 : A keyword search using the query 'NA' was applied to the electronic medical records of all @entity1 treated by one gynecologist (M.R.L.) from 1992 to 2010. IRB-approved chart review was then conducted on the index records. INTERVENTIONS: Continuous treatment with NA (5-15 mg daily). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity86 and @entity158 scores; adverse effects. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-four @entity1 with surgically diagnosed @entity46 initiated NA postoperatively during the study period. Median @entity1 age was 18.9 years. 92.2% of @entity1 had stage 1 or 2 disease, and distribution was similar among those excluded. Median @entity158 scores decreased from 5 at NA initiation to 0 at follow-up (P = .0001) and @entity548 scores from 2 to 0, respectively (P = .001) for all stages of @entity46 . Post-NA @entity548 scores were improved regardless of prior hormonal regimen, and post-NA @entity158 scores improved in all @entity1 except for those previously prescribed GnRH-agonist plus add-back. Most @entity1 (55.2%) did not report any side effects. The most common adverse effect was @entity1017 (16.1%), with a mean increase in BMI of 1.2    1.6 kg/m(2) at 12 months. CONCLUSION: NA alone is a well-tolerated, effective option to manage @entity158 and @entity548 for all stages of @entity46 . Among those on prior hormonal therapy, symptoms improved after NA initiation.

title: Use of XXXX alone for postoperative suppression of @entity46 symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5709 :: ('MESH:C024262', 'Chemical') :: ['norethindrone acetate']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity5709 :: (MESH:C024262,Chemical) :: ['norethindrone acetate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of @entity14534 (' @entity3926 ') vs @entity2067 antagonists (VKAs) in the Belgian healthcare setting for the prevention of @entity64 ( @entity887 ) in @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 ( @entity955 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A Markov model was used to calculate the cost-effectiveness of @entity3926 vs VKAs in Belgium, whereby @entity1229 was considered representative for the VKA class. Efficacy and safety data were taken from the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial and a network meta-analysis. Local resource use and unit costs were included in the model. Effectiveness was expressed in Quality Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs). The model outcomes were total costs, total QALYs, incremental costs, incremental QALYs and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The level of International Normalized Ratio (INR) control and the use of other antithrombotic therapies observed in Belgian clinical practice were reflected in two scenario analyses. RESULTS: In the base case analysis, total costs per @entity1 were    13,333 for @entity3926 and    12,454 for @entity1229 . Total QALYs per @entity1 were 9.51 for @entity3926 and 9.19 for @entity1229 . The corresponding ICER was    2807/QALY. The ICER of @entity3926 was    970/QALY vs @entity1229 with real-world INR control and    5296/QALY vs a mix of @entity1229 , @entity117 , and no treatment. Results were shown to be robust in one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. LIMITATIONS: The analysis does not include long-term costs for clinical events, as these data were not available for Belgium. As in any economic model based on data from a randomized clinical trial, several assumptions had to be made when extrapolating results to routine clinical practice in Belgium. CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests that @entity3926 , a novel oral anticoagulant, is a cost-effective treatment for the prevention of @entity64 and @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 in the Belgian healthcare setting.

title: Cost-effectiveness of XXXX in the prevention of @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity955 in Belgium.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke and systemic embolism', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran etexilate']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'non-valvular AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity14534 :: (MESH:C453962,Chemical) :: ['dabigatran etexilate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We present a retrospective study depicting the incidence and outcome of soft @entity242 (STSs) in @entity1 admitted in a District Government Hospital situated in coastal belt of Southern India for a period of four and a half years. The hospital is a district referral centre catering to rural and urban poor population of 1,900,000 @entity1 . METHODS: Histologically proven soft tissue STS @entity1 admitted in Department of General Surgery in District Government Wenlock Hospital, Mangalore, from January 2002 to July 2007 were included in the study. The incidence, age distribution, gender distribution, histological subtypes, site of @entity5 , and clinical outcome were the parameters studied. The above parameters were then compared with Memorial Sloan and Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC) study. RESULTS: Fifty-one cases of STS were reported out of 7674 (0.65%) @entity1 with @entity5 in the said period. Ninety percent belonged to adolescents and adult age group. @entity1821 (18%) is the most common subtype followed by @entity1822 , Ewings' @entity242 . 66.6% originated in the extremities and rest being intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal. The age of presentation was a decade less than MSKCC study. The alarming yet expected fact was 35% of @entity1 came with delayed presentation of the disease and refusal for surgery. Thirty-nine percent of @entity1 were treated surgically. CONCLUSION: Majority of @entity1 presenting to our institution in advanced stage of the disease, indicating ignorance, fear and reluctance for surgery; as well as economic constraints, that delay early detection and initiation of proper treatment. The incidence appears to be increasing, targeting the younger population. There is a definite need to incorporate drug trials in rural set up so that @entity1 can be benefited.

title: The incidence of soft tissue XXXX in Dakshina Kannada: study in a District Government Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['Liposarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of @entity35583 , a new @entity1943 analogue, in the treatment of refractory @entity791 -related @entity294 . DESIGN: An open, non-comparative pilot trial. SETTING: The trial was conducted in 10 medical centres in France. @entity1 , @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity791 @entity1 with @entity294 unresponsive to conventional antidiarrhoeal therapy were enrolled. @entity11447 was diagnosed in 21 out of 30 evaluable @entity1 . Mean number of stools prior to therapy was 10.1 +/- 4.9 per day (range, 3-20 stools per day). INTERVENTION: After initial baseline studies, @entity1 received subcutaneous vapreotide at escalating doses of 400 (23 @entity1 ) or 500 micrograms (seven @entity1 ), between two and six times daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy was assessed after 14 days of therapy, when it was found to be effective. Responders were offered the opportunity to continue receiving therapy. RESULTS: Four @entity1 demonstrated a complete response and 12 a partial response with greater than 50% reduction in daily stool emission. Fourteen @entity1 did not respond to doses up to 2400 micrograms/day. @entity1 with conditions other than cryptosporidiosis had a significantly higher probability of response (P = 0.013), as did those with milder @entity294 (less than 10 stools per day). Median duration of response was 1.5 months (range, 0.5-5 months); relapse occurred in five out of eight responders despite maintenance therapy. @entity137 was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity791 @entity1 with @entity294 not caused by Cryptosporidium may benefit from vapreotide therapy.

title: @entity35583 , a @entity1943 analogue, in cryptosporidiosis and other XXXX -related diarrhoeal diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity11447 :: ('MESH:D003457', 'Disease') :: ['Cryptosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diarrhoea', 'diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity35583 :: ('MESH:C051458', 'Chemical') :: ['vapreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine gender-specific differences in the development of @entity39 in persistent @entity63 tissue and to analyze whether differences are due to gender-specific loss of vascular reactivity or change in @entity63 tolerance. METHODS: Hairless @entity19 (skh-1) of both genders were assigned to three groups of adolescent, adult, and senescent age. Critical @entity63 was induced by transection of the two distal pedicles of the animal's ear. Microcirculation was assessed over a 5-day period using intravital epifluorescence microscopy. Tissue @entity39 , blood flow, @entity177 ( @entity177 ), red blood cell (RBC) velocity, and capillary diameter were analyzed. RESULTS: Induction of persistent @entity63 caused an age-dependent demarcation of nonperfused flap tissue. Adult and senescent females developed markedly more @entity39 than age-matched males (49 +/-1% vs. 37 +/-3% and 53 +/- 3% vs. 44 +/- 2%, respectively; p<0.05), whereas no gender-specific difference in flap @entity39 was observed in adolescent animals (31 +/- 2% vs. 33 +/- 3%). Gender did not affect the amount of @entity409 in the flap. Thus, age-matched females and males exhibited a comparable decrease of @entity177 , RBC velocity, and capillary dilatory response. CONCLUSIONS: Both age and female gender may predispose for an increased susceptibility to develop @entity63 tissue @entity39 . The increased @entity39 in female animals does not apply to an aggravated @entity409 , but rather to a reduced @entity63 tissue tolerance.

title: Gender-specific XXXX tissue tolerance in critically perfused skin.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction', 'microcirculatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional capillary density', 'FCD']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Glycogen content of white and red skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and liver was investigated in conditions where changes in plasma levels of non-esterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ) occur. The experiments were performed in fed and 12 and 48 h-fasted @entity35 . The animals were also submitted to swimming for 10 and 30 min. Glycogen content was also investigated in both pharmacologically induced low plasma @entity3691 levels fasted @entity35 and pharmacologically induced high plasma @entity3691 levels fed @entity35 . The participation of @entity2308 and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in the changes observed was investigated. Plasma levels of @entity3691 , @entity413 , and insulin were determined in all conditions. Fasting increased plasma @entity3691 levels and reduced glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles. However, an increase of glycogen content was observed in the heart under this condition. @entity2308 and GSK-3 phosphorylation was reduced during fasting in the liver and skeletal muscles but it remained unchanged in the heart. Our results suggest that in conditions of increased plasma @entity3691 levels, changes in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity2308 and GSK-3 and glycogen content vary differently in liver, skeletal muscles, and heart. @entity2308 and GSK-3 phosphorylation and glycogen content are decreased in liver and skeletal muscles, but in the heart it remain unchanged ( @entity2308 and GSK-3 phosphorylation) or increased (glycogen content) due to consistent increase of plasma @entity3691 levels.

title: Changes of glycogen content in liver, skeletal muscle, and heart from fasted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Recently, the Type 1 @entity6 Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) reported 22 novel @entity1723 ( @entity1723 )-associated loci identified by meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with a case-control design. However, the association of 10 of these 22 reported loci was not confirmed in the T1DGC family cohort (P > 0.1). To address concerns about potential bias from population stratification, this study aims to replicate the association in three independent GWAS cohorts, one of which was based on the stratification-proof transmission disequilibrium analysis. Three European-descent population samples were included in this study: 483 cases and both parents, a case-control cohort of 514 cases and 2027 controls, and an additional cohort of 1078 cases and 341 controls from the dbGaP database. Among the 22 SNPs reported by the T1DGC, we had high-quality genotypes for 15; the remaining were imputed. @entity1723 association was replicated in seven loci after Bonferroni correction for 22 independent hypotheses. An additional eight loci had nominal (one-sided) significance of P < 0.1 in the same direction, giving a false discovery rate of 3.35%. The genetic susceptibility conferred by non-HLA loci in our family cohort with one affected offspring was higher than the T1DGC multiplex families. Reciprocally, the frequency of strongly predisposing HLA alleles in the multiplex families was higher. This study replicated @entity1723 association with at least as many of these novel loci as expected from the power of our sample size, thus supporting the validity of the new discoveries.

title: In silico replication of the genome-wide association results of the Type 1 XXXX Genetics Consortium.

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3747 is a marker of poor prognosis in @entity656 ( @entity656 ) but the prognostic significance of @entity116 in @entity1 with @entity656 has not been studied. We aimed to determine the prognostic significance of @entity116 in @entity1 with @entity656 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 of @entity656 who presented within 7 days of symptoms were included. Serum @entity460 levels were measured on admission and the @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the presence (group 1) or absence of @entity3747 (group 2). Chvostek and Trousseau signs were sought in all @entity1 with @entity3747 and the outcome measures were compared between @entity1 with normocalcemia, asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity3747 ( @entity116 ). The outcome parameters assessed were persistent organ failure (POF), need for intervention, and mortality. RESULTS: Of 105 @entity1 (53 male; mean age 37.34  12.62 years), 37 (35.2%) had @entity3747 (group 1) and 68 (64.8%) had normal corrected serum @entity460 levels (group 2). @entity1 with @entity3747 had significantly higher frequency of POF, mortality and need for intervention (P<0.05). Twelve of 37 (32.4%) @entity1 with @entity3747 had @entity116 . @entity1 with @entity116 had significantly lower serum corrected @entity460 and ionized @entity460 levels compared with @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity3747 (P<0.05). @entity1 with @entity116 had significantly higher mortality rates compared with @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity3747 (100% vs. 8%; P=0.00001) as well as POF (100% vs. 32%; P=0.000006). CONCLUSION: Presence of @entity116 in @entity656 @entity1 bears a poor prognosis and is associated with increased mortality.

title: Hypocalcemic XXXX : a simple bedside marker of poor outcome in @entity656 .

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['Hypocalcemia', 'hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic tetany', 'tetany']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetany']


abstract: Depending on the localization and functional value, the reactions of the oxidative modification of macromolecules may be classified into two large groups: intracellular and extracellular. To exemplify the first-group reactions, @entity12325 was studied, which is capable of generating different active forms of @entity26 during the catalytic cycle. These forms were found to have bactericidal effects and to be able to cause DNA molecule break. In the course of the reaction, @entity12325 also became inactivated under the effect of active @entity26 . The involvement of @entity273 forming directly during peroxycomplex breakdown was proved. It was shown using a soluble reconstructed system that @entity12325 inactivation is attended with the hemoprotein molecule decomposition, destruction and loss of @entity1446 , and a rise in the proteolytic vulnerability of the protein. The second reaction group was exemplified by @entity1 leucocyte @entity3335 which generated hypochlorite along with the active forms of @entity26 . @entity3335 showed its bactericidal effect against different strains of bacteria and fungi. The Ames test revealed mutagenic effects of the active @entity26 forms generated by @entity3335 . In the course of the @entity3335 reaction, DNA degradation followed by splitting of the @entity29594 chain and specific pulling out of @entity6244 residues were observed.

title: [ XXXX and oxidative modification of macromolecules].

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase', 'Myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity29594 :: ('CHEBI:15986', 'Chemical') :: ['polynucleotide']

answer: @entity12325 :: (4051,Gene) :: ['Cytochrome P-450']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) are now diagnosed from small specimens, and classification using standard pathology methods can be difficult. This is of clinical relevance as many therapy regimens and clinical trials are histology dependent. The purpose of this study was to develop an mRNA expression signature as an adjunct test for routine histopathologic classification of NSCLCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A microarray dataset of resected @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) was used as the learning set for an @entity420 - @entity957 signature. The @entity5 (TCGA) lung RNAseq dataset was used for validation. Another microarray dataset of ADCs and matched nonmalignant lung was used as the learning set for a @entity5 versus nonmalignant signature. The classifiers were selected as the most differentially expressed genes and sample classification was determined by a nearest distance approach. RESULTS: We developed a 62-gene expression signature that contained many genes used in immunostains for @entity1149 typing. It includes 42 genes that distinguish @entity420 from @entity957 and 20 genes differentiating nonmalignant lung from @entity2 . Testing of the TCGA and other public datasets resulted in high prediction accuracies (93%-95%). In addition, a prediction score was derived that correlates both with histologic grading and prognosis. We developed a practical version of the Classifier using the HTG EdgeSeq nuclease protection-based technology in combination with next-generation sequencing that can be applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and small biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Our RNA classifier provides an objective, quantitative method to @entity3224 in the pathologic diagnosis of @entity2 . Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4880-9.   2016 AACR.

title: An Expression Signature as an XXXX to the Histologic Classification of @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer Genome Atlas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'ADC']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['Aid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peroperative peritoneal @entity130 activates a cascade of peritoneal defense mechanisms responsible for @entity86 formation. The same cascade seems to play a role in the process of @entity5 recurrence. Icodextrin is a @entity413 polymer solution that is absorbed slowly from the peritoneal cavity, allowing prolonged "hydroflotation" of the viscera, thereby decreasing adhesion formation. This study evaluated the adhesion-preventing properties of icodextrin and its effect on peritoneal @entity3 . METHODS: Reproducible @entity35 models of peritoneal @entity130 were used, allowing semiquantitative scoring of adhesion formation or @entity5 load. In one experiment, peritoneal @entity130 was inflicted; one group was treated by peroperative intra-abdominal instillation of 7.5% icodextrin, one by instillation of RPMI (placebo), and one had no instillate (controls). In another experiment involving a different model of peritoneal @entity130 , the coloncarcinoma cell line CC531 was injected intraperitoneally to induce @entity5 load, again using these three groups. RESULTS: Treatment of peritoneally traumatized @entity35 with icodextrin caused a 51% reduction in @entity86 formation ( P < .001). However, peroperative intra-abdominal treatment with @entity25508 did not affect intraperitoneal @entity5 cell adhesion and growth of free @entity5 cells in @entity35 with this model of severe peritoneal @entity130 . CONCLUSION: A 7.5% icodextrin solution is effective in reducing postoperative adhesions without promoting @entity5 recurrence and therefore may prove useful and safe in oncologic surgery.

title: Icodextrin reduces @entity86 formation in XXXX without affecting peritoneal @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity25508 :: ('MESH:C105834', 'Chemical') :: ['icodextrin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Mill Hill No. 2 (MH2), an avian @entity5 virus, was studied for its transforming and oncogenic effects. In tissue culture it induced transformation of @entity1573 fibroblasts and yolk sac macrophages. When injected into the @entity1573 , the main feature of this virus was its ability to cause @entity96 , in addition to @entity242 . MH2-associated viruses did not transform cell cultures but were able to cause @entity706 in the birds. Light and electron microscopy were used in a detailed histologic study of the @entity5 induced by MH2 virus. An unclassified round cell @entity242 was produced in soft tissues at sites of injection; there was no evidence of origin from endothelium. In the kidney, @entity189 mixed with a malignant stroma were found. Hepatocarcinomas were the dominant @entity5 found in the liver. The @entity706 produced by the associated virus were poorly differentiated and highly malignant. The study illustrated the highly oncogenic potential of this virus and offered a model for the analysis of the carcinogenic events in a more specific way.

title: Avian oncovirus Mill Hill No. 2: pathogenicity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'only lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver and kidney carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: Alterations in nutritional factors during early development can exert long-term effects on growth, neural function, and associated behaviors. The lipid component of milk provides a critical nutritional source for generating both energy and essential nutrients for the growth of the newborn. The present study, therefore, investigated the hypothesis that nutritional supplementation with a @entity1267 ( @entity1267 ) preparation, derived from the milk fat globule membrane rich in phospholipids and gangliosides from young @entity35 , has beneficial effects on learning behavior and postnatal growth and development. Male @entity35 @entity35 offspring from normal pregnancies were treated from neonatal day 10 until postnatal day 80 with either @entity1267 at a dose of 0.2% (low) and 1.0% (high) based on total food intake (n = 16 per group). Neonatal dosing was via daily oral gavage, while postweaning dosing was via gel supplementation to a standard chow diet. Animals underwent behavioral tasks related to spatial memory, learning, and cognitive function. Complex milk lipid supplementation significantly increased linear growth rate (P < .05), and the improved growth trajectory was not related to changes in body composition as quantified by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning or altered plasma lipid profiles. Moreover, this effect was not dose dependent and not attributable to the contribution to total @entity1267 . Supplementation of the @entity1267 to growing @entity35 resulted in statistically significant improvements in parameters related to novelty recognition (P < .02) and spatial memory (P < .05) using standard behavioral techniques, but operant testing showed no significant differences between treatment groups. Supplementation with a @entity1267 containing gangliosides had positive growth and learning behavioral effects in young normal growing @entity35 .

title: Supplementation with a mixture of complex lipids derived from milk to growing XXXX results in improvements in parameters related to growth and cognition.

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['vehicle or CML', 'CML', 'complex milk lipid', 'energy intake of the CML composition']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk of repeat offending in individuals with @entity716 and to assess the effect of potential moderating characteristics on risk estimates. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in 6 bibliographic databases from January 1966 to January 2009, supplemented with correspondence with authors. Studies that reported risks of repeat offending in individuals with @entity914 (n = 3511) compared with individuals with other @entity146 (n = 5446) and healthy individuals (n = 71   552) were included. Risks of repeat offending were calculated using fixed- and random-effects models to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine how risk estimates were affected by various study characteristics including mean sample age, study location, sample size, study period, outcome measure, duration of follow-up, and diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies, which included 3511 individuals with @entity716 , were identified. Compared with individuals without any @entity146 , there was a significantly increased risk of repeat offending in individuals with @entity716 (pooled OR = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-1.8), although this was only based on 4 studies. In contrast, there was no association when individuals with other @entity146 were used as the comparison group (pooled OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.7-1.3), although there was substantial heterogeneity. Higher risk estimates were found in female-only samples with @entity716 and in studies conducted in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: The association between @entity716 and repeat offending differed depending on the comparison group. Despite this, we found no support for the findings of previous reviews that @entity716 is associated with a lower risk of repeat offending.

title: XXXX and repeat offending: systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['Psychotic disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this article, we have investigated the translational and rotational diffusion of two structurally similar but differently charged solutes ( @entity19501 Perchlorate and @entity941 salt) in @entity28173 ( @entity9833 )- @entity1042 ( @entity11804 ) mixture to understand the effect of added ionic liquid on the motion of the solutes. @entity9833 and @entity11804 both are amphiphilic molecules and characterized by extended @entity3884 bonding network. Recently, Russina et al found that a wide distribution of clusters exist in @entity11804 rich region (0.10 <=  _EAN <=0.15) and @entity9833 molecules preserve their bulk-sponge like morphology (Russina, O.; Sferrazza, A.; Caminiti, R.; Triolo, A. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 1738-1742). The effect of this microheterogeneous mixture on the solute's motion shows some interesting results compared to other PIL (Protic Ionic liquid)-cosolvent mixtures. Analysis of the time resolved anisotropy data with the aid of Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) hydrodynamic theory predicts that the reorientation time of both the solutes appear close to the stick hydrodynamic line at @entity1042 rich region. The @entity3884 bond accepting solutes experience specific interaction with @entity11804 and with increasing concentration of @entity9833 , the specific interaction between the solute and solvent molecules is decreased while the decrease is more prominent in the low mole fraction of @entity9833 due to the large size of cluster formation. The temperature dependent anisotropy measurements show that the @entity3884 bonding interaction between @entity9833 and @entity11804 is increased with increasing the temperature. Moreover, Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) shows the dynamic heterogeneity of the mixture which is due to the segregation of the alkyl chain of the PIL. Formation of large cluster at low mole fraction of IL (0.10 <=   _EAN <=0.15) can be proved by the insensitivity of the translational diffusion and rotational activation energy of the solutes to the concentration of @entity9833 . Thus, the result of the work suggests that the addition of @entity9833 to the @entity11804 affect the specific interaction between solute and solvent and as a consequence, the translational as well as the rotational motion of the solutes are modulated.

title: Translational and Rotational Diffusion of Two Differently Charged Solutes in XXXX - @entity1042 Mixture: Does the Nanostructure of the Amphiphiles Influence the Motion of the Solute?

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol', 'Methanol']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein sodium']

entities_list: @entity28173 :: ('MESH:C421484', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethylammonium Nitrate']

entities_list: @entity19501 :: ('CHEBI:52672', 'Chemical') :: ['Rhodamine 6G']

answer: @entity28173 :: (MESH:C421484,Chemical) :: ['Ethylammonium Nitrate']


abstract: A 70-yr-old @entity1 with @entity4510 showed normal serum levels of T4, T3, free T4, TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) and increased TBG. Discrepancy in serum hTSH level was observed by different assay methods. Coexistence of both autoantibodies for hTSH and for anti-hTSH antibody were demonstrated by the reaction of the patient's antibody with both 125I-hTSH and 125I-anti-hTSH (monoclonal antibody; mAb). These two autoantibodies belong to the polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG). The autoantibody for hTSH recognized only beta-subunit of hTSH. Neither stimulating type of TRAb in Graves' disease nor blocking type of TRAb in @entity1375 interfered with the binding of the patient's antibody to 125I-hTSH or 125I-anti-hTSH. Anti-idiotypic antibody (anti- @entity25878 antibody) for anti-hTSH antibody was purified by anti-hTSH antibody affinity chromatography. The binding reaction of 125I-anti-hTSH (mAb) with this anti- @entity25878 antibody could be inhibited by the unlabeled hTSH. This anti- @entity25878 antibody might represent the internal image of the nonbiological active site of TSH molecule, because of absence of thyroid stimulating activity. Goiter in this @entity1 may have occurred by the unbound TSH with IgG (free TSH) and the bound TSH with IgG, because TSH levels in both the whole serum and the IgG free serum (the unbound TSH with IgG) were decreased significantly by T4 treatment. Coexistence of these antibodies may participate in the autoimmune mechanism of an idiotype-anti-idiotype network.

title: Coexistence of autoantibody to XXXX thyrotropin (TSH) and autoanti-idiotypic antibody to antihuman TSH antibody in a case with @entity4510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity4510 :: ('OMIM:138800', 'Disease') :: ['simple goiter']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The spice oil components @entity4744 and @entity7655 possess activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but the mechanisms of action remain obscure. In broth media at 20 degrees C, 5 mM @entity4744 or 30 mM @entity7655 was bactericidal (>1-log reduction in the number of CFU per milliliter in 1 h) to @entity5125 . At a concentration of 6 mM @entity4744 was bactericidal to @entity5210 , but treatment with 0.5 M @entity7655 had no significant effect. To investigate the role of interference with energy generation in the mechanism of action, the cellular and extracellular @entity855 levels of cells in HEPES buffer at 20 degrees C were measured. Treatment of nonenergized @entity5125 with 5 mM @entity4744 , 40 mM @entity7655 , or 10 microM @entity6320 ( @entity6320 ) for 5 min prevented an increase in the cellular @entity855 concentration upon addition of @entity413 . Treatment of energized @entity5125 with 40 mM @entity7655 or 10 microM CCCP caused a rapid decline in cellular @entity855 levels, but 5 mM @entity4744 had no effect on cellular @entity855 . Treatment of @entity5210 with 10 mM @entity4744 prevented @entity855 generation by nonenergized cells and had no effect on the cellular @entity855 of energized cells. CCCP at a concentration of 100 microM had no significant effect on the cellular @entity855 of @entity5210 . No significant changes in extracellular @entity855 were observed. Due to their rapidity, effects on energy generation clearly play a major role in the activity of @entity4744 and @entity7655 at bactericidal concentrations. The possible mechanisms of inhibition of energy generation are inhibition of @entity413 uptake or utilization of @entity413 and effects on membrane permeability.

title: Mechanisms of bactericidal action of @entity7655 against @entity5125 and of XXXX against @entity5125 and @entity5210 .

entities_list: @entity6320 :: ('MESH:D002258', 'Chemical') :: ['CCCP', 'carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone']

entities_list: @entity7655 :: ('MESH:C012843', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnamaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity5210 :: ('1599', 'Species') :: ['L. sakei', 'Lactobacillus sakei']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4744 :: (MESH:D005054,Chemical) :: ['eugenol']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has long been suspected that a family history of @entity2869 may predispose to higher disease incidence. The influence of family history on recurrence rate has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recurrence rate in @entity1 with both a personal and a family history of @entity2869 . METHODS: A standardized telephone interview was used to retrospectively study 578 @entity1 who underwent primary surgery between 1980 and 1996. Differences concerning the long-term recurrence rate between @entity1 with a positive or negative family history were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier statistics. RESULTS: Sixty-eight of 578 @entity1 (12%) had a positive family history with first-degree relatives, in which 28 brothers and 25 fathers were similarly involved. The long-term recurrence rate was significantly elevated when family history was positive (35% vs. 22% after 15 years and 52% vs. 28% after 25 years; P = 0.02). The long-term recurrence rate was elevated if surgery was needed at a younger age (P = 0.03). The body mass index measured at time of admission for surgery did not seem to have any negative influence on recurrence rates (P = 0.31). Although a positive family history predisposes a @entity1 to earlier onset of disease, recurrences occur within 5.1 +/- 6.2 years (mean +/- standard deviation) in @entity1 with a positive family history and within 5.3 +/- 5.2 years in @entity1 with a negative family history (P = 0.95). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a positive family history need closer surgical monitoring because primary disease will manifest earlier. A remarkable long-term recurrence rate exceeding 50% after 25 years places a much higher disease burden on @entity1 with a positive family history. All available interventions known to reduce recurrence rate should be applied to this group of @entity1 .

title: Family history of XXXX predisposes to earlier onset of disease and a 50% long-term recurrence rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal sinus disease']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus']


abstract: The action of the new analog of @entity1943 , @entity35583 ( @entity35583 ), on plasma glucagon and @entity413 levels was evaluated in @entity3839 - @entity6 @entity35 . The effect of this analog on the insulin-induced @entity4053 in @entity6 @entity35 was also investigated in order to evaluate the risk of exacerbating @entity4053 . Administration of analog @entity35583 , in a dose of 25 micrograms/kg b. wt. SC, inhibited plasma glucagon secretion and decreased plasma @entity413 levels. This effect also occurred when plasma glucagon and @entity413 levels were first elevated by @entity369 infusion, 1000 mg/kg/hr for 30 min. Subcutaneous injection of regular insulin, 15 U/kg b. wt., produced @entity4053 with a progressive increase in glucagon levels. Analog @entity35583 completely suppressed the @entity4053 -induced glucagon release for up to 150 min after injection of the analog or insulin. A greater decrease in the plasma @entity413 level was observed in the group treated with insulin and the analog than in the group injected only with insulin. These results indicate that @entity1943 analog @entity35583 can produce a marked and prolonged inhibition of glucagon release and a decrease in the plasma @entity413 level in @entity6 @entity35 . This analog may be useful as an adjunct to insulin in the treatment of @entity6 @entity1 , although caution should be exercised, to prevent @entity4053 when using @entity1943 analogs together with insulin.

title: Superactive @entity1943 analog decreases plasma @entity413 and glucagon levels in @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity35583 :: ('MESH:C051458', 'Chemical') :: ['D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Trp-NH2', 'RC-160']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) are required to test relationships between physical activity and cognition in @entity1 , but these must be informed by exploratory studies. This study aimed to inform future @entity23 by: conducting practical utility and reliability studies to identify appropriate cognitive outcome measures; piloting an @entity23 of a 10 week physical education (PE) intervention which involved 2 hours per week of aerobically intense PE compared to 2 hours of standard PE (control). METHODS: 64 healthy @entity1 (mean age 6.2 yrs SD 0.3; 33 @entity1 ) recruited from 6 primary schools. Outcome measures were the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB), the Attention Network Test (ANT), the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) and the short form of the Connor's Parent Rating Scale (CPRS:S). Physical activity was measured habitually and during PE sessions using the Actigraph accelerometer. RESULTS: Test- retest intraclass correlations from CANTAB Spatial Span (r 0.51) and Spatial Working Memory Errors (0.59) and ANT Reaction Time (0.37) and ANT Accuracy (0.60) were significant, but low. Physical activity was significantly higher during intervention vs. control PE sessions (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between intervention and control group changes in CAS scores. Differences between intervention and control groups favoring the intervention were observed for CANTAB Spatial Span, CANTAB Spatial Working Memory Errors, and ANT Accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: The present study has identified practical and age-appropriate cognitive and behavioral outcome measures for future @entity23 , and identified that schools are willing to increase PE time. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN70853932 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).

title: Effects of a physical education intervention on cognitive function in young XXXX : randomized controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Randomized controlled trials', 'RCT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Africanized @entity5157 (HBs) pose a hazard to both normal and sting-sensitive subjects in certain areas of Central and South America, and it is predicted that they will soon be present in the southern United States as well. Using an electrical stimulation device, we collected Africanized HB venom (AHV) in Venezuela and European HB venom (EHV) in Louisiana. These venoms, along with @entity17991 ( @entity17991 ), were compared by thin-layer isoelectric focusing and @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE). The Coomassie brilliant blue and @entity575 -stained banding patterns of AHV and EHV were essentially identical to @entity17991 . Western blots were prepared from @entity214 -PAGE gels and tested with pooled sera from EHV-sensitive subjects and then radiolabeled antihuman IgE. The resulting autoradiographs revealed similar banding patterns among EHV, AHV, and @entity17991 . RAST-inhibition studies were performed with solid-phase @entity17991 and pooled sera from EHV-sensitive subjects. The specific allergenic activities of the three HB venoms ( @entity566 units per milligram of protein) were comparable. By RAST-inhibition assay with solid-phase, highly purified individual venom components, AHV and EHV both contained @entity30344 , hyaluronidase, and high-molecular-weight allergens. The increased morbidity after Africanized HB stings is likely related to their more defensive behavior during which many @entity5157 react by stinging rather than to biochemical or allergenic differences between AHV and EHV.

title: Biochemical and immunochemical comparison of Africanized and European XXXX venoms.

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['commercial European HB venom', 'CHV']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['honeybee']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To present our experience of extended endovascular management for @entity2119 obliterans ( @entity2119 ) @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). METHODS: Between January 2005 and July 2010, a consecutive series of 17 @entity2119 @entity1 with @entity63 in 20 limbs were admitted and the diagnosis confirmed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 41.5 years (standard error:   1.7). All @entity1 presented with history of smoking, one @entity1 presented with @entity101 , and eight @entity1 presented with @entity2299 . According to Rutherford classification, all @entity1 were found to be between grades 3 and 5. Ultrasonography first, and angiography examination later, confirmed a severe @entity455 involving almost exclusively below-the-knee and foot arteries in all cases. A new approach for revascularization, defined as extended angioplasty of each tibial and foot @entity432 , was performed to achieve direct perfusion of at least one foot artery. RESULTS: An extensive endovascular treatment was intended in all @entity1 with success in 19 of 20 limbs, achieving a technical success in 95%. No mortality or complication related to the procedure was observed. During a mean follow-up of 23 months (standard error:   4.05), amputation-free survival with no need of major amputation in any case and sustained clinical improvement was achieved in 16 of the 19 limbs (84.2%) successfully treated, resulting in a 100% limb salvage rate (19/19). CONCLUSION: In this first experience, in @entity1 with @entity2119 obliterans, extended endovascular intervention was a feasible and effective revascularization procedure in case of @entity63 . High technical success, amputation-free survival, and sustained clinical improvement rates were achieved at midterm follow-up was achieved.

title: Clinical outcome after extended endovascular recanalization in XXXX in 20 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2119 :: ('MESH:D013919', 'Disease') :: ['thromboangiitis', "Buerger's disease"]

answer: @entity2119 :: (MESH:D013919,Disease) :: ['Buerger's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate factors affecting the risk of @entity263 (CaP) and high-grade disease (HGCaP, Gleason score >=  7) in a Mexican referral population, with comparison to the @entity263 Prevention @entity263 Risk Calculator (PCPTRC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: From a retrospective study of 826 @entity1 who underwent prostate biopsy between January 2005 and December 2009 at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog  a, Mexico, logistic regression was used to assess the effects of age, @entity1486 , digital rectal exam (DRE), first-degree family history of CaP, and history of a prior prostate biopsy on CaP and HGCaP, separately. Internal discrimination, goodness-of-fit, and clinical utility of the resulting models were assessed with comparison to the PCPTRC. RESULTS: Rates of both CaP (73.2%) and HGCaP (33.3%) were high among referral @entity1 in this Mexican urology clinic. The PCPTRC generally underestimated the risk of CaP but overestimated the risk of HGCaP. Four factors influencing CaP on biopsy were logPSA, DRE, family history and a prior biopsy history (all P < 0.001). The internal AUC of the logistic model was 0.823 compared with 0.785 of the PCPTRC for CaP (P < 0.001). The same 4 factors were significantly associated with HGCaP as well and the AUC was 0.779 compared with 0.766 of the PCPTRC for HGCaP (P = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Lack of screening programs or regular urologic checkups in Mexico imply that @entity1 typically first reach specialized clinics with a high @entity5 risk. This renders diagnostic tools developed on comparatively healthy populations, such as the PCPTRC, of lesser utility. Continued efforts are needed to develop and externally validate new clinical diagnostic tools specific to high-risk referral populations incorporating new biomarkers and more clinical characteristics.

title: XXXX risk prediction in a urology clinic in Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer', 'Trial Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity209 increases the morbidity and mortality of @entity65 . However, few studies have examined the association between the incidence of @entity64 and @entity209 , as defined by Japanese criteria. The aim of this study was to identify the association between @entity64 and @entity209 , as defined by criteria used in Japan. METHODS: A total of 2205 subjects (920 @entity1 and 1285 @entity1 ) were examined between 1992 and 1995 as part of the @entity910 Cohort Study. @entity209 was defined using the Japanese criteria. Medical records, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were used to diagnose @entity64 . The @entity797 proportional-hazards model was used to analyze the association between @entity209 and incident @entity64 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity209 at baseline was 9.0% in @entity1 and 1.7% in @entity1 . There were 96 incident @entity64 during an 11.2-year follow-up period, 14 of which occurred in subjects with @entity209 . Among subjects with @entity209 , the age-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for @entity64 was 1.93 (0.94-3.96) in @entity1 and 6.85 (2.68-17.47) in @entity1 . After adjusting for age, smoking status, and @entity167 drinking status, the hazard ratio was 1.89 (0.88-4.08) in @entity1 and 7.24 (2.82-18.58) in @entity1 . Age-adjusted hazard ratios associated with having 2 or more components of @entity209 , with and without @entity1144 , were 2.93 (1.21-7.08) and 3.20 (1.23-8.31) in @entity1 and 1.75 (0.69-4.44) and 8.64 (2.82-28.03) in @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity209 , as defined by Japanese criteria, increases the risk of @entity64 ; this effect was highly significant among @entity1 .

title: Association between @entity64 and @entity209 in a Japanese population: @entity910 ( XXXX ) Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Jichi Medical School']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['JMS']


abstract: To determine the site of action of dopaminergic drugs on @entity1 @entity4090 release from @entity977 , five @entity4090 -and five GH-secreting @entity652 were incubated with and without @entity935 and L-dopa. @entity2847 was also tested in order to compare its effect to that of the other drugs. In all of the experiments except one, a decrease of @entity4090 , which was often statistically significant, was observed. When pooling the results of the @entity4090 -secreting @entity652 , the mean levels of @entity4090 with @entity935 , L-dopa, and @entity2847 were, respectively, 49%, 55%, and 60% of the control levels. In the GH-secreting @entity652 , they were 60%, 67%, and 55% of that of the control. For GH, a decrease of the release was observed in four out of five GH-secreting @entity652 . When pooling the results from these @entity5 , the mean levels of GH with @entity935 , L-dopa, and @entity2847 were, respectively, 63%, 76%, and 64% of the control levels. In one case, a significant increase of GH was observed with the three dopaminergic drugs. This study produced the following conclusions. 1) @entity935 acts directly on @entity4090 release from @entity1 @entity977 ; in vitro, L-dopa effects are similar (its action probably occurs after conversion to @entity2661 ). These observations strongly suggest the presence of dopaminergic membrane receptors on @entity1 lactotroph and somatotroph adenomatous pituitary cells. 2) In vitro hormonal results are in good agreement with in vivo dynamic tests using L-dopa and @entity2847 . 3) The paradoxical effect of dopaminergic drugs on GH secretion in acromegalic @entity1 may be attributed to modified @entity935 membrane receptors. However, the paradoxical response is not a constant feature in @entity2012 , and its mechanism needs further investigations.

title: In vitro effect of @entity935 and L-dopa on prolactin and growth hormone release from XXXX @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine', 'Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Multidrug efflux pumps are integral membrane proteins known to actively excrete antibiotics. The macrolide-specific pump MacAB, the only ABC-type drug efflux pump in @entity2491 , has previously been linked to virulence in @entity19 . The molecular mechanism of this link between macAB and @entity281 is unclear. We demonstrate that macAB plays a role in the detoxification of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), compounds that salmonellae are exposed to at various stages of @entity281 . macAB is induced upon exposure to @entity274 and is critical for survival of @entity2491 in the presence of @entity2625 . Furthermore, we determined that macAB is required for intracellular replication inside J774.A1 @entity19 macrophages but is not required for survival in ROS-deficient J774.D9 macrophages. macAB mutants also had reduced survival in the intestine in the @entity19 @entity1960 model, a model characterized by a strong neutrophilic intestinal infiltrate where bacteria may experience the cytotoxic actions of ROS. Using an Amplex red-coupled assay, macAB mutants appear to be unable to induce protection against exogenous @entity274 in vitro, in contrast to the isogenic wild type. In mixed cultures, the presence of the wild-type organism, or media preconditioned by the growth of the wild-type organism, was sufficient to rescue the macAB mutant from @entity2625 -mediated killing. Our data indicate that the MacAB drug efflux pump has functions beyond resistance to antibiotics and plays a role in the protection of @entity2491 against oxidative stress. Intriguingly, our data also suggest the presence of a soluble anti- @entity274 compound secreted by @entity2491 cells through a MacAB-dependent mechanism. IMPORTANCE: The ABC-type multidrug efflux pump MacAB is known to be required for @entity2491 virulence after @entity281 in @entity19 , yet the function of this pump during @entity281 is unknown. We show that this pump is necessary for colonization of niches in infected @entity19 where salmonellae encounter oxidative stress during @entity281 . MacAB is required for growth in cultured macrophages that produce reactive @entity26 species (ROS) but is not needed in macrophages that do not generate ROS. In addition, we show that MacAB is required to resist @entity2625 -mediated killing in vitro and for the inactivation of @entity2625 in the media. Finally, wild-type organisms, or supernatant from wild-type organisms grown in the presence of @entity2625 , rescue the growth defect of macAB mutants in @entity274 . MacAB appears to participate in the excretion of a compound that induces protection against ROS-mediated killing, revealing a new role for this multidrug efflux pump.

title: The ABC-type efflux pump MacAB protects XXXX from oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella', 'Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'oral infection']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity8806 is an inadequacy into the first extensor compartment between the osteo-fibrous tunnel and the tendons. This mechanical conflict generates a @entity2762 of the extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis longus tendons in first dorsal extensor compartment of the wrist. @entity1 AND METHODS: The authors report a retrospective study of 20 @entity1 who have been treated by a longitudinal surgical approach. The mean age was 49 years old with a net female predominance. The Finkelstein's test was positive in all cases. All @entity1 were treated operatively by incision of the sheath, which was sufficient to unwind the dorsal compartment tendons. The sheath palmar flap has been sutured with skin (Le Viet plasty) to avoid a further @entity924 . RESULTS: At three years follow-up, the functional results were good in all the @entity1 . However, non-aesthetic scars were noticed in three @entity1 . We did not notice neither a case of anesthesia of the radial nerve nor a tendinous luxation in our series. DISCUSSION: The stenosing @entity2762 of the first dorsal extensor compartment of the wrist is a relatively frequent pathology in the young @entity1 . We use a longitudinal surgical approach to avoid the @entity4542 . Le Viet procedure using the palmar flap of the pulley fixed to the dermis works as a barrier and maintains the tendons sliding on the radial styloid groove.

title: [Surgical treatment in XXXX . About 20 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8806 :: ('MESH:D053684', 'Disease') :: ["De Quervain's tenosynovitis"]

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendons luxation']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve lesions']

answer: @entity8806 :: (MESH:D053684,Disease) :: ['De Quervain's tenosynovitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present our experience with the use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for treatment of @entity957 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied all @entity1 who underwent TORS for @entity957 , with or without adjuvant therapy, from March 2007 through June 2009, who had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Primary functional outcomes included @entity7364 , @entity734 , and @entity734 . Disease control and survival were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 9 @entity1 in the study group, 7 (78%) had @entity5 . All 9 @entity1 had negative margins after TORS, with no perioperative complications. Regional recurrence and local recurrence developed in 1 @entity1 each. One @entity1 died of disease. At last follow-up, 7 @entity1 (78%) were tracheostomy free, and 7 (78%) were @entity5274 free. CONCLUSIONS: Transoral robotic surgery is a promising modality for resection of @entity957 . Transoral robotic surgery achieved functional laryngeal preservation in most @entity1 with no complications.

title: Transoral robotic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['tracheostomy dependence', 'gastrostomy tube dependence']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the advantages of the bag-in-the-lens intraocular lens in @entity1 undergoing @entity231 surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective study included 54 eyes of 37 @entity1 and babies (age, 2 months to 14 years), consecutively operated on between December 1999 and January 2008 for unilateral or bilateral @entity231 using the "bag-in-the-lens" intraocular lens. Slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and refraction were followed to the best possible degree over time. RESULTS: The mean age of the 37 @entity1 at the last consultation visit was 8.3+/-4.9 years. The mean visual acuity improved from 0.2+/-0.1 to 0.8+/-0.3. On the other hand, visual acuity improvement in @entity1 presenting @entity5072 persistence of the vitreous was less favorable with a postoperative average visual acuity of 0.14+/-0.18. The mean postoperative refraction in 13 @entity1 (26 eyes) operated on for bilateral @entity231 was 0.5+/-1.5 D for eyes showing axial lengths with substantial variation. The refraction was stable over time in @entity1 over 2 years of age. Once the implant was positioned correctly, the remaining epithelial cells of the lens did not migrate toward the @entity227 , which was the case in 93.8% of all eyes and in 100% of @entity1 over 1 year of age. CONCLUSIONS: The "bag-in-the-lens" implant is particularly indicated in @entity1 in whom posterior rhexis and optic capture have been recommended since 1994. The implantation minimizes the use of anterior vitrectomy in pediatric @entity231 surgery, limiting it to those eyes presenting a proliferative @entity5072 vitreous.

title: [Advantages of the bag-in-the-lens intraocular lens in pediatric XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytochrome P450 aromatase ( @entity4819 ), in @entity1 placenta metabolizes @entity3800 to @entity172 and uses reduced @entity1110 through cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase ( @entity13324 ) for the energy requirements of its metabolic activities. Mutations in the @entity1 @entity13324 lead to @entity774 due to loss of activities of several @entity479 metabolizing enzymatic reactions conducted by the cytochrome P450 proteins located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Effect of @entity13324 mutations on different P450 activities depend on individual partner proteins. In this report we have studied the impact of mutations found in the @entity13324 on the enzymatic activity of @entity4819 . We expressed wild type as well mutant @entity1 @entity13324 proteins in bacteria and purified the recombinant proteins, which were then used in an in vitro reconstitution system in combination with @entity4819 and lipids for enzymatic analysis. We found that several mutations as well as polymorphisms in @entity1 @entity13324 can cause reduction of @entity4819 activity. This would affect metabolism of @entity172 in @entity1 with variations of @entity13324 allele. The @entity13324 mutants @entity35300 and @entity35301 were found to have no activity in supporting @entity4819 reactions. The @entity13324 mutations @entity35302 and @entity35303 showed a loss of 60-90% activity and two polymorphic forms of @entity13324 , @entity19573 and @entity35304 showed similar to @entity7097 activity. One @entity13324 variant, @entity35305 had almost double the activity of @entity7097 . Loss of @entity4819 activity may contribute to disordered steroidogenesis in female @entity1 with @entity13324 mutations as well as in mothers with @entity13324 variants carrying a male @entity1 .

title: Impact on @entity4819 activity by mutations in XXXX cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to estimate the effect of extranodal @entity3 (EM) on recurrence and survival in @entity1 with @entity420 ( @entity420 ) after curative resection. METHODS: Clinical data from 284 node-positive @entity420 @entity1 who underwent curative resection were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to elucidate the effect of EM on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: EM was detected in 70 (24.6%) of the 284 cases. It had a significant correlation with @entity5 size, Lauren type, histopathological grading, depth of @entity5 invasion, number of metastatic nodes, lymph node ratio, and @entity2802 stage. The 5-year @entity1349 and @entity1349 rates were 22.2% and 24.3%, respectively. @entity1 with EM had a significantly decreased @entity1349 (16 vs. 36 months, P   <   0.001) and @entity1349 (23 vs. 41 months, P   <   0.001) compared with those without EM. Multivariate analyses identified EM as an independent prognostic factor (P   =   0.003 and 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The presence of EM increases recurrence probability and reduces @entity1349 probability of @entity420 @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 . EM is a powerful prognostic factor reflecting a particularly aggressive biological behavior. Better understanding of EM status can help clinicians with regard to treatment decision and prognosis evaluation.

title: Extranodal @entity3 is a powerful prognostic factor in XXXX with @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AEG', 'adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess benefits and harms of nonsurgical interventional therapies for low back and @entity158 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although use of certain interventional therapies is common or increasing, there is also uncertainty or controversy about their efficacy. METHODS: Electronic database searches on Ovid MEDLINE and the Cochrane databases were conducted through July 2008 to identify randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of local injections, botulinum toxin injection, prolotherapy, epidural @entity134 injection, facet joint injection, therapeutic medial branch block, sacroiliac joint injection, intradiscal @entity134 injection, chemonucleolysis, radiofrequency denervation, intradiscal electrothermal therapy, percutaneous intradiscal radiofrequency thermocoagulation, Coblation nucleoplasty, and spinal cord stimulation. All relevant studies were methodologically assessed by 2 independent reviewers using criteria developed by the Cochrane Back Review Group (for trials) and by Oxman (for systematic reviews). A qualitative synthesis of results was performed using methods adapted from the US Preventive Services Task Force. RESULTS: For sciatica or @entity1798 with @entity614 , we found good evidence that chemonucleolysis is moderately superior to placebo injection but inferior to surgery, and fair evidence that epidural @entity134 injection is moderately effective for short-term (but not long-term) symptom relief. We found fair evidence that spinal cord stimulation is moderately effective for @entity11252 with persistent @entity614 , though device-related complications are common. We found good or fair evidence that prolotherapy, facet joint injection, intradiscal @entity134 injection, and percutaneous intradiscal radiofrequency thermocoagulation are not effective. Insufficient evidence exists to reliably evaluate other interventional therapies. CONCLUSION: Few nonsurgical interventional therapies for @entity1643 have been shown to be effective in randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

title: Nonsurgical interventional therapies for @entity1643 : a review of the evidence for an American XXXX Society clinical practice guideline.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['prolapsed lumbar disc']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']