abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of excretory-secretory products (ESPs) from @entity2440 in the production of @entity842 (NO) and the activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) in the macrophages of RAW264.7 @entity19 . METHODS: 20   g/ml of @entity2441 EPSs, the organic solvent extracts of EPSs (ESP-ex), and 0.1   g/ml of lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella minnesota ( @entity558 -SM) were used as stimulators in co-culture with RAW264.7 @entity19 macrophages as experimental groups. The Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) served as control. At the same time the RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with EPSs, ESP-ex, and @entity558 -SM, and then added 0.3 mmol/L of SMT, a specific inhibitor of iNOS as the interference groups. After co-culture for 18 days, the concentrations of @entity6836 - in the culture supernatants were detected with Griess regents, and the activation of NF-kB was determined by transfection with a NF-kB-inducible reporter plasmid, pNiFty2-SEAP. The activities of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) in culture supernatants were quantified by using HEK-Blue    detection medium and expressed as the value of optical density at 620 nm (A620 value). The intercellular activities of SEAP were determined by microscopic observation. RESULTS: After stimulation with both ESPs-ex and @entity558 -SM, the concentrations of @entity6836 - in culture supernatants were (14.30    1.62) and (14.10    2.17)   mol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control [(7.70    0.95)   mol/L] (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased to (8.97    0.81) and (4.96    1.36)   mol/L after adding SMT, respectively (P < 0.05). However, the concentration of @entity6836 - in ESPs stimulation group [(4.06    0.62)   mol/L] was lower than that of the control (P < 0.05), and almost unchanged [(3.99    0.87)   mol/L] after adding SMT (P > 0.05). SEAP activity in ESP group (0.836    0.005) was significantly higher than that of the control [(0.097    0.009)   mol/L] (P < 0.05). A strong blue color reaction was observed in cells of ESP group. SEAP activity of ESPs-ex and @entity558 groups [(0.112    0.004), (0.116    0.009)   mol/L] was slightly higher than that of the control (P > 0.05), and blue color reaction was observed in some cells. CONCLUSION: ESPs from @entity2441 can stimulate NF-kB activation in RAW264.7 cells. The water-soluble components of ESPs can inhibit the NO production, while ESPs-ex and @entity558 -SM can promote the NO production.

title: [Effect of Excretory-secretory Products of @entity2440 on @entity842 Production and NF-kB Activation in RAW264.7 XXXX Macrophages].

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: The responses of 165 single taste neurons in the anterior operculum of the alert @entity5434 were analyzed. Chemicals were deionized water, blackcurrant juice, and the four basic taste stimuli: @entity413 , @entity1219 , @entity5828 , and @entity4807 @entity5828 . Taste-evoked responses could be recorded from an opercular region that measured approximately 4.0 mm in its anteroposterior extent, 2.0 mm mediolaterally, and 3.0 mm dorsoventrally. Within this area, taste-responsive neurons were sparsely distributed such that multiunit activity was rarely encountered and neuronal isolation was readily achieved. Intensity-response functions were determined for nine cells. In each case, the lowest concentration of the dynamic response range conformed well to @entity1 electrophysiological and psychophysical thresholds for the basic taste stimuli. There was some evidence of chemotopic organization. Cells that responded best to @entity413 tended to be distributed toward the anterior operculum, whereas most acid-sensitive neurons were located more posteriorly. The proportion of cells responding best to @entity1219 peaked in the middle of the area, whereas @entity4807 sensitivity was rather evenly distributed throughout. Opercular neurons in the monkey showed moderate breadth of sensitivity compared with taste cells of other species and at other synaptic levels. A breadth-of-tuning coefficient was calculated for each neuron. This is a metric that can range from 0.0 for a cell that responds specifically to only one of the four basic stimuli to 1.0 for one that responds equally to all four stimuli. The mean coefficient for 165 cells in the operculum was 0.67 (range = 0.12-0.99). Efforts were made to determine whether neurons could be divided into a discrete number of types, as defined by their responsiveness to the stimulus array used here. It was concluded that most taste cells may be assigned to a small number of groups, each of which is statistically independent of the others, but within which the constituent neurons are not identical. An analysis of taste quality indicated that the sweet and salty stimuli evoked patterns of activity that were significantly intercorrelated. Similarly, patterns representing @entity5828 , @entity4807 @entity5828 , and water were related.

title: Gustatory responses in the frontal opercular cortex of the alert XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkey']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkey']


abstract: The regional pharmacokinetics as well as the pharmacodynamics of @entity2134 -loaded nanoparticles for the treatment of @entity726 were investigated and compared to a solution of this drug. @entity19013 nanoparticles were prepared by an emulsion polymerization process. Formulations with different drug concentrations (2-6%) as well as different particle concentrations were investigated and analyzed for size and drug loading. Drug binding to the particles was achieved at a level of 10-18% of the total drug content. The colloidal nanoparticles were sufficiently small (diameter: 100-300 nm) for a non-irritating application to the eye. All preparations were applied to the eyes of New Zealand white @entity95 which were treated with @entity5935 before to create an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). @entity2134 concentrations, assayed from @entity7462 using gaschromatography, increased by 23% (AUC) for nanoparticle suspensions compared to aqueous reference solutions. Additionally, t1/2 was prolonged and the elimination coefficient was significantly decreased. Pharmacodynamic effects such as miosis and IOP reduction were investigated. tmax values of @entity7462 concentration were observed to be in a similar time range as miosis tmax readings. It was found that at lower drug contents a more pronounced prolongation of miosis was achieved with nanoparticles versus a standard solution. The IOP-reduction was significantly prolonged with nanoparticles preparations; whereas maximum reduction was obtained with a reference solution after 1-2 hours, it was reached with nanoparticles at about 2-3 hours. Differences between nanoparticles and aqueous solutions were most pronounced at lower drug concentrations.

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of an ophthalmic XXXX nanoparticle-delivery-system.

entities_list: @entity19013 :: ('MESH:D004659|MESH:C049456', 'Chemical') :: ['Polybutylcyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['Pilocarpine', 'pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

answer: @entity2134 :: (MESH:D010862,Chemical) :: ['pilocarpine']


abstract: 1. The aim of the study was to assess the regional haemodynamic responsiveness to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator challenges during continuous 24 h infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in conscious Long Evans @entity35 . 2. @entity35 were chronically instrumented for the measurement of regional haemodynamics (either internal and common carotid or renal, superior mesenteric and hindquarters) and received 3 min of infusions of @entity934 (22 nmol min-1), @entity7202 (120 nmol min-1), @entity3045 (0.83 nmol min-1) and @entity1812 (14.4 nmol min-1) at 2, 6 and 24 h after the start of saline or LPS (150 micrograms kg-1 h-1) infusion ( @entity35 with carotid probes received only @entity934 and @entity7202 ). 3. During infusion of LPS there was a changing haemodynamic profile. After 2 h, there was a modest @entity551 and vasodilatation in the internal carotid, renal and hindquarters vascular beds. After 6 h, arterial blood pressure had returned to baseline, there was still vasodilatation in the renal vascular bed but vasoconstriction in the internal and common carotids and the hindquarters. After 24 h, there was @entity551 , @entity591 and generalized vasodilatation. 4. @entity934 caused a @entity551 , @entity591 and hyperaemic vasodilatation in the carotid and renal vascular beds. Throughout the infusion of LPS, the carotid vasodilator response was enhanced after 2 h, reduced after 6 h and enhanced again after 24 h, whereas the renal vasodilator response to @entity934 was either reduced (6 h) or absent (2 and 24 h); at this juncture the @entity551 response to @entity934 was also enhanced and the @entity591 was reduced. 5. @entity7202 caused a rise in blood pressure, a fall in heart rate, and vasoconstriction in all the vascular beds monitored. During infusion of LPS, the pressor response to @entity7202 was consistently reduced as were the vasoconstrictor responses in the carotid and mesenteric vascular beds, whereas the renal and hindquarters vasoconstrictor responses to @entity7202 were only significantly reduced at some time points (renal 6 h, hindquarters 2 and 6 h).6. @entity3045 caused @entity551 , @entity591 and hyperaemic vasodilatation, particularly in the hindquarters vascular bed. Throughout the infusion of LPS, the cardiovascular responses to @entity3045 were substantially attenuated.7. @entity1812 caused @entity551 , @entity591 and hyperaemic vasodilatation in the renal, mesenteric and hindquarters vascular beds. During the infusion of LPS, the @entity551 response to @entity1812 was consistently augmented, and the @entity591 was consistently reduced, but the regional haemodynamic profile changed with time. Thus, after 2 h, the mesenteric vasodilator response was augmented and the hindquarters vasodilator response was reduced; after 6 h, the mesenteric vasodilator response appeared normal, but the renal and hindquarters vasodilator responses were reduced; after 24 h, the hindquarters vasodilator response was markedly augmented and the renal response had changed to a vasoconstriction.8. The present findings indicate marked regional variations in response to @entity934 , @entity7202 , @entity3045 and @entity1812 with time during LPS infusion. The changes observed are likely to reflect the interplay of a number of endogenous vasodilator and vasoconstrictor systems; further investigations will be required to clarify the mechanisms involved.

title: Regional haemodynamic responses to @entity934 , @entity7202 , @entity3045 and @entity1812 during lipopolysaccharide infusion in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine', 'Methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin', 'Bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in blood pressure', 'hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The effect of @entity701 on spontaneous @entity1 IgE and IgG4 production in @entity1097 @entity1 was studied. In cultures of mononuclear cells, @entity701 (HC) enhanced IgE and IgG4 production without affecting the production of IgM, @entity5727 , IgA2, IgG1, IgG2, or @entity3172 . In contrast, @entity251 , @entity10769 , @entity1420 , @entity1369 , gonadotropin, and prolactin were without effect. HC had to be added at the initiation of culture to achieve this enhancing effect. @entity3646 and @entity4047 also enhanced spontaneous IgE and IgG4 production in mononuclear cells. However, the enhancement of IgE and IgG4 production by HC was not mediated by @entity3646 or @entity4047 , as the addition of anti- @entity3646 or anti- @entity4047 Ab did not block the HC-induced enhancement. HC also enhanced IgE and IgG4 production in purified B cells, whereas neither @entity3646 nor @entity4047 did so. @entity225 , @entity650 , and @entity310 also enhanced IgE and IgG4 production in purified B cells; however, neither anti- @entity225 , anti- @entity650 , nor anti- @entity310 mAbs blocked the HC-induced enhancement. Purified surface (s)IgE+ and sIgG4+ B cells spontaneously produced IgE and IgG, respectively, whereas sIgE- and sIgG4- B cells failed to do so. HC enhanced IgE and IgG4 production in sIgE+ and sIgG4+ B cells, respectively, without affecting proliferation, whereas HC failed to induce IgE and IgG4 production in sIgE- and sIgG4- B cells, respectively. These results indicate that HC may selectively stimulate sIgE+ and sIgG4+ B cells.

title: Effect of @entity701 on spontaneous IgE and IgG4 production in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity1097 :: (MESH:C566404,Disease) :: ['atopic']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the production of @entity2657 [as measured by tissue specific gravity (SpG)] following moderate fluid percussion (FP) and cortical impact (CI) injury in rodents. To determine the effects of a secondary systemic insult, @entity519 (13% @entity26 for 30 min) was added to some experimental groups immediately after @entity542 . To determine the effects of hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) on injured cortical tissue, additional animal groups were exposed to HBO (1.5 atm, for 60 min), beginning 4 h after @entity542 . Both injury models produced equal amounts of tissue @entity4 at the site of injury (mean SpG +/- SEM = 1.035 +/- 0.001), when measured 6 h posttrauma. There was no significant @entity4 at the tissue sites immediately adjacent to the @entity130 sites. The addition of @entity519 to either injury system did not increase @entity4 formation beyond that produced by injury alone. HBO reduced the water content of the @entity130 site in animals that had received FP, but not in animals receiving CI. We conclude that with the injury parameters used in this protocol, both FP and CI appear to produce focal @entity2657 at the site of @entity130 . @entity519 does not worsen @entity4 . HBO appears to reduce @entity4 produced by FP, but not by CI.

title: Effect of @entity519 or hyperbaric @entity26 on @entity2657 following moderate fluid percussion or cortical XXXX in rats.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['impact injury']


abstract: Oxidative stress is proved to be harmful to the vascular endothelial cells which are important in preventing the formation and progression of @entity1856 . This study was designed to investigate the protective effect and potential mechanisms of @entity586 ( @entity587 ) against @entity274 -induced apoptosis of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV-304). ECV-304 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of @entity587 (0.01, 0.1 and 1 microM) for 2h, followed by exposure to 100 microM @entity274 for 18h. @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. To detect apoptosis, the cells were assessed by morphologic examination and @entity4404 - @entity2667 double staining with flow cytometry. Finally, the expression of @entity522 , @entity8187 and phospho @entity1435 MAPK was assayed by Western blot to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. We found that @entity274 treatment for 18h significantly decrease the viability of ECV-304 cells characterized by a high percentage of apoptotic cells. @entity587 could antagonize the apoptosis inducing effect of @entity274 in a dose-dependent manner. Consistently, @entity587 also significantly inhibit the expression of @entity522 , @entity8187 and phospho @entity1435 MAPK induced by @entity274 . In summary, pretreatment with @entity587 can inhibit apoptosis of ECV-304 cells induced by @entity274 . The protective effect of @entity587 was associated with the inhibition of @entity522 , @entity8187 and phospho @entity1435 MAPK expression.

title: @entity586 protects @entity1 vascular endothelial cells from XXXX -induced apoptosis through inhibition of @entity522 , @entity8187 and @entity1435 MAPK.

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaque']

answer: @entity274 :: (CHEBI:16240,Chemical) :: ['H(2)O(2)']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested that, apart from IgE-mediated reactions, some of the symptoms of @entity5419 may be caused by IgG antibodies to food proteins. This study was carried out to see if there were any distinctive features of the IgG sub-class antibody response to dietary antigens which occurs in food @entity56 patients. IgG sub-class antibodies were measured using a quantitative enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) to @entity3505 gliadin, ovalbumin and @entity291 casein in twenty @entity1 who had @entity66 and in twenty-eight egg @entity56 @entity1 . These were compared with twenty-one @entity483 @entity1 who did not have @entity5419 and twenty-six healthy control subjects. @entity66 @entity1 tended to have raised IgG antibody levels (especially IgG1) to all three antigens but these overlapped considerably with that seen in egg @entity56 and @entity483 @entity1 . Coeliacs who avoided gluten had anti-gliadin antibody levels which did not differ from those seen in healthy subjects but nevertheless had raised anti-ovalbumin and casein-specific antibodies. The IgG antibody was largely restricted to IgG1 and IgG4 sub-class although the relative amount of each varied with the antigen. Although gliadin-specific antibodies were mainly IgG1, ovalbumin-specific antibodies were mainly IgG4. The increased antibody levels to all three antigens in coeliacs were caused by a raised IgG1 response, IgG4 antibodies were usually normal. Egg @entity56 @entity1 also had raised IgG1 but not IgG4 antibodies to ovalbumin. These data show that the response to different dietary antigens can vary with the antigen. The fact that IgG1 and not IgG4 antibodies were raised to all three antigens in @entity1 with @entity66 suggests that they are a secondary consequence of the disease, perhaps reflecting increased transport of antigens across a damaged gut mucosa rather than a specific immunopathological reaction. However, the observation that antibodies to gliadin, and not ovalbumin or casein, fell following gluten avoidance shows that the response to gliadin, at least, is dependent upon continued exposure to antigen.

title: Sub-class of IgG in @entity56 . I. IgG sub-class antibodies in immediate and non-immediate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: The authors present a report of 12 @entity1 with @entity320 ( @entity320 ) and review 255 cases reported since 1947. Combining these @entity1 with those from the literature, the authors analyze several aspects of @entity320 that are controversial or have not been studied in a systematic manner. The mean clinical @entity5 size was 4.1 cm. Seventy per cent were grossly pigmented, 63 per cent were polypoid, and 44 per cent were prolapsed. Two-thirds of @entity320 were located in the proximal pecten, at or near the level of the anal valves. Microscopically, the most useful diagnostic criteria were melanin production, junctional change, and a nesting growth pattern. In four of the authors' cases, atypical junctional change extended laterally from the overt invasive @entity5 for distances up to 1 cm. Approximately 60 per cent of @entity1 had @entity3 at the time of diagnosis. There was no statistical difference in determinate survivals of @entity1 treated for cure by local excision and abdominoperineal resection. Neither @entity5 size nor configuration affected survival. The choice of therapy was not influenced by @entity5 size.

title: XXXX : report of 12 @entity1 and analysis of 255 additional cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['anal melanoma', 'AM']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma of the anus']


abstract: We showed in a previous in vitro study that @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ) arrests dentin mineralization and enamel formation in developing @entity19 tooth. The present aim was to investigate the effect of @entity2385 on the expression of genes associated with mineralization of dental hard tissues. Embryonic day 18 @entity19 mandibular first molars were cultured for 3, 5 or 7 days and exposed to 1.0  M @entity2385 and studied by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) for the expressions of @entity2450 ( @entity2450 ), alkaline phosphatase ( @entity10749 ), @entity12281 ( @entity12281 ), @entity12282 ( @entity12282 ) and @entity12283 ( @entity12283 ). @entity2450 , @entity12283 and @entity12282 , whose expressions showed changes in RT- QPCR, were further analyzed by in situ hybridization of tissue sections. In situ hybridization showed that @entity2385 decreased @entity2450 expression in odontoblasts but increased the expression in the epithelial tooth compartment. In QPCR assays, the net effect in the whole tooth was increased expression. @entity2385 also reduced @entity12283 expression in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. @entity12282 expression varied but both QPCR assays and in situ hybridization showed a decreasing trend. @entity2385 exposure had no clear effect on @entity10749 and @entity12281 expressions. Increased @entity2450 expression by epithelial enamel organ may inhibit dentin mineralization and enamel formation. Decreased @entity2450 , @entity12283 and @entity12282 expressions in odontoblasts may indicate delayed cell differentiation, or @entity2385 may specifically decrease the expression of genes involved in dentin mineralization. While decreased @entity12283 expression by @entity2385 in ameloblasts may impair enamel mineralization, the coincident reduction in @entity12283 and @entity12282 expressions in odontoblasts may potentiate the delay of dentin mineralization.

title: @entity2384 alters @entity2450 , @entity12283 and XXXX gene expression in mineralizing @entity19 embryonic tooth in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyltin']

entities_list: @entity12282 :: ('666279(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['dentin sialophosphoprotein', 'Dspp']

answer: @entity12282 :: (666279(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['dentin sialophosphoprotein']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECT: An antiulcer agent, ecabet @entity1372 , is active against @entity1534 . The aim of the present study was to clinically examine whether eradication therapy, which includes ecabet @entity1372 , is effective in eradication of @entity1534 after failure of first-line therapy. METHODS: @entity1 with peptic ulcer who failed with first-line triple eradication therapy containing @entity4581 received quadruple therapy with @entity4546 (20 mg, twice daily), @entity115 (750 mg, twice daily), @entity868 (500 mg, twice daily) and ecabet @entity1372 (1000 mg, twice daily) for 14 days. Eradication of @entity1534 was judged by @entity19018 breath test 8 weeks later. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 (36 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ) were included. Their mean age was 51.4 years (range 28-73). One @entity1 dropped out because of @entity294 . The eradication rate was 98.0% (50/51) according to the per-protocol analysis and 96.2% (50/52) according to the intention-to-treat analysis. Side effects occurred in seven @entity1 , but none were serious. CONCLUSIONS: Quadruple therapy including ecabet @entity1372 is useful as second-line eradication treatment for @entity1534 .

title: Quadruple therapy with ecabet @entity1372 , @entity4546 , XXXX and @entity868 is effective for eradication of @entity1534 after failure of first-line therapy (KDOG0201 Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of conjugated @entity4721 (CLAs) on macrophage reactive @entity26 species synthesis and the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, @entity2196 ( @entity2196 ), @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx), and @entity224 dismutase (SOD). The macrophages were obtained from the @entity1357 monocytic cell line. Cells were incubated with the addition of cis-9,trans-11 CLA or trans-10,cis-12 CLA or @entity4722 . Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation was estimated by flow cytometry. Enzymes activity was measured spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression was estimated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was based on nonparametric statistical tests [Friedman analysis of variation (ANOVA) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test]. cis-9,trans-11 CLA significantly increased the activity of @entity2196 , while trans-10,cis-12 CLA notably influenced GPx activity. Both isomers significantly decreased mRNA expression for @entity2196 . Only trans-10,cis-12 significantly influenced mRNA for @entity4723 expression. The CLAs activate processes of the ROS formation in macrophages. Adverse metabolic effects of each isomer action were observed.

title: Comparative effects of conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) and @entity4722 (LA) on the oxidoreduction status in XXXX macrophages.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity4721 :: ('MESH:D008041', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1357 :: (2736,Gene) :: ['THP-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4733 is a @entity669 kinase inhibitor of both the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) receptors. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose of @entity4733 with @entity416 and @entity901 , without and with bevacizumab, for the first line treatment of metastatic @entity14 (mCRC), and to define the dose limiting @entity137 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three cohorts of @entity1 were studied, with @entity416 at 1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily p.o. on days 1-14 of a 3 week cycle, with @entity901 i.v. at 130 mg/m(2) on day 1. @entity4733 dosing was 100 mg/day in cohort 1 and 300 mg/day in cohorts 2 and 3. Bevacizumab was added in cohort 3 at 7.5 mg/kg i.v. on day 1 every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were enrolled and received from one to eight cycles per @entity1 . Grade 4 @entity1909 developed in one @entity1 in the first cohort, and the cohort was expanded to six @entity1 with no further dose limiting @entity137 (DLT). The second cohort of 3 @entity1 was well tolerated. The third cohort resulted in grade 3 @entity294 , requiring several days of hospitalization and i.v. hydration, in 3 of the 4 @entity1 . Given the severity and duration of @entity294 , each of these was considered a DLT, and therefore cohort 3 was considered to be above the maximum tolerated dose. Six of the 13 @entity1 achieved a partial or complete remission (46%). The time to progression ranged from 2 to 14 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4733 at doses of 100 mg and 300 mg daily in combination with @entity416 and @entity901 was well tolerated. However, the addition of bevacizumab resulted in severe @entity294 in three out of four @entity1 . Bevacizumab was not well tolerated with @entity4733 and @entity4734 in combination.

title: A phase I trial of @entity4733 combined with @entity416 , XXXX and bevacizumab for the first-line treatment of metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGFR']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity4733 :: ('MESH:C452423', 'Chemical') :: ['vandetanib', 'Vandetanib']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: Six cases of @entity1117 ( @entity1117 ), three of which correspond to the X-linked genetic form and the three other to the autosomic recessive type are reported. The fact of half of the @entity1 being females is relevant as only 24 are cited by Klebanoff and Clark in their revision in 1978. @entity1117 : The three @entity1 , two of them brothers, presented their first manifestations in the first year of life; in one of the BCG given at one week of life resulted in @entity3298 of protracted course with calcificaton. The clinical course has been very severe in two of them. At the present time the @entity1 are 15, 11 and 9 years old. Functional studies have shown very low values in NBT tests, O2 consumption, iodination and bactericidal activity in all three. Intermediate values in the mothers and normal values in the fathers were found. Autosomal @entity1117 : Of our three @entity1 , two were sisters. The first manifestations appeared during the first thrimester of life. The eldest had hepatic and pulmonary granulomata at three years old. At five years, she presented an @entity1321 with @entity356 caused by intramural granulomata and @entity32 ; she died of @entity55 shortly after. Her sister had @entity1909 , @entity99 , @entity55 , @entity3298 and osteomyuelitis of the ribs; she died at six years old after a @entity3127 . Last @entity1 had a sister who died at two years old affected probably gy @entity1117 . At present our @entity1 is 17 months old and so far had recurrent @entity2346 , @entity3298 , a @entity55 and, recently, hepatic granulomata have been found. Fonctional studies in the two sisters showed similar alterations as those of the three @entity1 . In this @entity1 an alteration of chemotaxis of cellular origen was found as well.

title: [ XXXX : clinical and functional studies in six cases (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['chronic granulomatous disese', 'X-linked CGD', 'CGD']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric antral, duodenal and ileal stenosis']

answer: @entity1117 :: (MESH:D006105,Disease) :: ['Chronic granulomatous disease']


abstract: @entity1 with isolated @entity3329 are often referred to rapid-access breast clinics for diagnostic evaluation. In the absence of a discernable breast primary, tissue diagnosis has conventionally been pursued using open biopsy. We aimed to assess the value of freehand needle core biopsy (FNCB) as an alternative to this. A prospective audit was conducted over 6 years from 2002 to 2008. Twenty-eight procedures were performed, all carried out under local anaesthesia in the outpatient setting. The majority of cases (10) revealed @entity0 . Other diagnoses included metastatic @entity43 (2), metastatic @entity320 (3), @entity706 (4), @entity1346 @entity738 (1) and @entity1072 (1). Seven @entity1 had inconclusive histology necessitating further open biopsy. This revealed @entity706 in 6 cases and benign histology in one. FNCB thus avoided the need for diagnostic excision biopsy in 75% (21/28) @entity1 . However, it was found to be less useful in diagnosing de-novo @entity706 .

title: The role of freehand needle core biopsy in the diagnosis of isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'primary lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['axillary lymphadenopathy']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity1127 in the rectum and sigmoid colon was estimated in 103 @entity1 with recent @entity583 and 200 controls. All @entity1 were asymptomatic and older than 35 years. A flexible proctosigmoidoscopy was performed. One or more @entity6523 were found in 19.6 p. 100 of @entity1 with @entity583 and in 16.2 p. 100 of controls (difference not statistically significant). In males, the odds ratio for @entity6523 was 0.92 (confidence limits, 0.43-1.93). Acceptability of the flexible rectosigmoidoscopy was excellent in controls and poor in @entity1 with @entity583 (1.0 p. 100 and 26.4 p. 100 of @entity1 respectively refused this procedure). Tolerance, bowel preparation and the length of the explored rectosigmoid were not different. There was no statistically significant difference in the site, number or size of @entity1127 . This study shows a high prevalence of @entity1127 in @entity1 with @entity583 and control groups although not statistically different. Consequently, a screening procedure for @entity1127 is not indicated in @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: [ XXXX and @entity1127 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarction']


abstract: Megakaryocyte progenitor growth in 42 @entity1 with @entity6961 ( @entity6961 ), including 23 essential thrombocythaemia (ET), eight @entity11998 vera (PV), six @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) and five @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ), was studied in vitro using plasma clot assay and serum-free agar culture. Spontaneous megakaryocyte colonies (CFU-MK) were found in 34/40 (80%) blood and 14/18 (77.8%) bone marrow plasma clot cultures, and also observed in 27/35 (77.1%) blood and 10/18 (55.6%) bone marrow serum-free agar cultures. In the blood of 27 @entity1 with @entity6961 (15 ET, four PV, four @entity1860 and four @entity4018 ) and the bone marrow of 10 @entity1 (five ET, four @entity1860 and one PV), spontaneous colony formation was observed in both plasma clot and serum-free agar cultures. However, spontaneous CFU-MK was only found in plasma clot culture, but not in agar culture in two blood (one ET and one @entity1860 ) and four bone @entity236 (one ET, two PV, one @entity1860 ). The colony numbers were greatly increased in the presence of @entity2150 serum (AAS) under both conditions. In 17 @entity1 (12 ET, two @entity1860 and three PV) with spontaneous megakaryocyte colonies, anti-cytokine antibody neutralizing experiments were carried out in blood cultures. Anti- @entity2772 , anti- @entity650 and anti- @entity2841 antibody, alone or in combination, at different concentrations (1, 5 and 10 micrograms/ml), were added into plasma clot or agar cultures without exogenous stimulating growth factors. The results showed that the numbers of spontaneous megakaryocyte colonies were not significantly decreased in the presence of these monoclonal antibodies in the cultures. The data indicated that the megakaryocyte progenitor growth in @entity6961 under in vitro conditions was heterogenous, and independent of exogenous stimulatory factors in most @entity1 and that optimal megakaryocyte colony development in @entity6961 still requires exogenous growth factors. Three possibilities are discussed with regard to the phenomenon that the spontaneous colony formation was not decreased with the addition of anti- @entity2772 , anti- @entity650 and anti- @entity2841 antibodies.

title: Spontaneous megakaryocyte colony formation in @entity6961 is not neutralizable by antibodies against @entity2772 , XXXX and @entity2841 .

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['primary myelofibrosis', 'PMF']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow cultures']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders', 'MPD']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL6']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects on efficacy and safety of a formulary change from @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) to @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Single-center academic institution. @entity1 : Fifty-six @entity1 aged 18 years or older with @entity0 , @entity2 , @entity320 , @entity978 , or @entity1893 who developed @entity1398 within 4 weeks after treatment with myelosuppressive chemotherapy and who had been given five or more doses of CSF as primary or secondary prophylaxis from January 1995-March 2002. Twenty-nine @entity1 treated before January 2000 were given @entity1261 ; after the formulary change in January 2000, 27 @entity1 were primarily given @entity2841 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary efficacy end point was time to an absolute neutrophil count of 1.5x10(3)/mm3 or greater after treatment with CSF. Second and third efficacy end points, respectively, were frequency of @entity1398 and effect of CSF treatment on schedule and dose intensity of subsequent chemotherapy cycles. Primary and secondary safety end points, respectively, were frequency of adverse events and use of resources used to manage these events. The time to neutrophil recovery was similar with @entity1261 and @entity2841 . @entity1398 was more common in the @entity1 given @entity2841 . Chemotherapy dose delays also were more common in @entity1 treated with @entity2841 , as was the frequency of fever. Use of resources (platelet and red blood cell transfusions, intravenous antibiotics, and hospitalizations) was greater in the @entity1 treated with @entity2841 . CONCLUSION: The formulary change to @entity2841 was associated with a higher frequency of @entity1398 , resultant chemotherapy dose delays, more adverse events, and greater use of resources to manage the adverse events. These results suggest that @entity1261 and @entity2841 are not therapeutically equivalent, with @entity1261 having a superior safety and efficacy profile for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced @entity1398 events.

title: Effects of a formulary change from XXXX to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on outcomes in @entity1 treated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic', 'febrile neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage CSF']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: An 87-year-old was referred for gynecologic evaluation of a lesion involving the left labia majus noted 3 years earlier. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed clusters with an acinous structure or glandular formation. The @entity5 appeared as cell clusters with linear arrangements. Histologic examination showed the same morphologic findings as scirrhus type of primary @entity0 . Examinations of the breasts and axillary lymph nodes were normal. This disease was diagnosed as an @entity420 arising in mammary-like glands of the vulva. Bone scan showed multiple foci in the sternum, costa, and vertebrae, consistent with @entity3 . We administered five courses of weekly @entity1311 chemotherapy, which achieved a partial response. There were no severe adverse effects. In our case, the fine-needle aspiration cytology was a rapid and minimally invasive method of diagnosis, and the findings were extremely similar to those of the scirrhus type of primary @entity0 . Rapid and accurate diagnosis made with this technique might contribute to a good prognosis in the early-staged cases. Weekly @entity1311 chemotherapy may be one of the safe and effective treatments for this disease with distant metastases, even in extremely aged @entity1 (over 80 years).

title: XXXX of mammary-like glands in the vulva successfully treated by weekly @entity1311 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity12884 ( @entity1582 type) have a poor prognosis, in part due to frequent cardiac involvement. Although @entity715 has been reported in anecdotal cases, neither its frequency nor its role in causing mortality is known. Furthermore, the clinical and echocardiographic variables that may be associated with @entity1031 in @entity299 have not been defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 116 autopsy or explanted cases of @entity299 (55 @entity1582 and 61 other type) were identified in the Mayo Clinic. Forty-six fatal nonamyloid trauma cases served as controls. Each heart was examined for @entity715 . The cause of death was determined from autopsy and clinical notes. Intracardiac @entity715 was identified in 38 hearts (33%). Twenty-three had 1 thrombus, whereas 15 had 2 to 5 thrombi. Although subjects in the @entity1582 group were younger and had less @entity955 than those with other types of @entity2783 , the @entity1582 group had significantly more @entity715 (51% versus 16%, P<0.001) and more fatal embolic events (26% versus 8%, P<0.03). Control hearts had no @entity715 . The presence of both @entity955 and @entity1582 was associated with an extremely high risk for @entity1031 (odds ratio 55.0 [95% confidence interval 8.1 to 1131.4]). By multivariate analysis, @entity1582 type (odds ratio 8.4 [95% confidence interval 1.8 to 51.2]) and @entity1002 (odds ratio 12.2 [95% confidence interval 2.7 to 72.7]) were independently associated with @entity1031 . CONCLUSIONS: A high frequency of intracardiac @entity715 was present in @entity299 . Furthermore, @entity1031 caused significant fatality. Several risk factors for @entity1031 were identified. Early screening, especially in high-risk @entity1 , and early anticoagulation might reduce morbidity and mortality.

title: Intracardiac XXXX and embolism in @entity1 with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'intracardiac thrombus']

entities_list: @entity12884 :: ('MESH:C531616', 'Disease') :: ['primary amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) in @entity1 progressing to @entity82 is an indication for liver transplantation. At this stage of disease, it is common to find large benign hepatocellular nodules (LBHNs) of undetermined cause that may be confused with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity1 with indications for liver transplantation are currently classified according to the @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) severity score. When they fit Barcelona and Milan eligibility criteria for @entity157 , they receive 20 points. Thus, misdiagnosis of @entity157 leads to a privileged position on the waiting list. Herein, we have reported three @entity3181 cases of cirrhotic @entity1 who underwent liver transplantation; the pathologic results of their explanted livers showed LBHN. We analyzed three of 489 OLT who had chronic @entity3181 (CVOO) the first case: was a 19-year-old @entity1 , with @entity3181 of undetermined cause. The second 20-year-old female @entity1 displayed @entity3181 due to @entity1701 the third, 45-year-old @entity1 had CVOO diagnosed preliminarily due to cryptogenic @entity82 in the explanted liver. In the three cases, the nodules in the explant measured 0.5 to 2.4 cm. In the first case, the diagnosis was not in doubt; in the second case, 23 nodules were confused with @entity157 histologic evaluation, and in the third case three larger hypervascular nodules were misdiagnosed as @entity157 in the preoperative period despite low @entity160 levels. In conclusion it is fundamental to recognize these benign lesions so as to avoid misdiagnosis, thereby allowing the proper selection of candidates for liver transplantation.

title: Large benign hepatocellular nodules in @entity82 due to chronic @entity3181 : diagnostic confusion with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'Model for End-Stage Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['venous outflow obstruction', 'Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity13449 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that is @entity137 . In a phase I study of @entity13449 followed by @entity9864 ( @entity2592 ) and @entity2664 , overall response rate for adults with relapsed and refractory @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) was 31%. We have now completed a phase II study of sequential @entity13449 , @entity2592 , and @entity2664 in 62 adults with poor-risk @entity3052 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity13449 (50 mg/m(2)) was given by 1-h infusion daily x 3 beginning day 1 followed by 2 gm/m(2)/72 h @entity2592 beginning day 6 and 40 mg/m(2) @entity2664 on day 9. RESULTS: @entity13449 caused a > or =50% decrease in peripheral blood blasts in 44% by median day 2 and > or =80% decrease in 26% by day 3. Self-limited @entity5 lysis occurred in 53%. Three (5%) died during therapy (2 multiorgan failure and 1 @entity364 ). Complete remissions (CR) were achieved in 12 of 15 (75%) newly diagnosed secondary @entity3052 , 18 of 24 (75%) first relapse after short CR (median CR, 9 months, including prior allotransplant), and 2 of 13 (15%) primary refractory but 0 of 10 multiply refractory @entity3052 . Disease-free survival for all CR @entity1 is 40% at 2 years, with newly diagnosed @entity1 having a 2-year disease-free survival of 50%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13449 has anti- @entity3052 activity directly and in combination with @entity2592 and @entity2664 . This timed sequential regimen induces durable CRs in a significant proportion of adults with newly diagnosed secondary @entity3052 (including complex cytogenetics) and adults with @entity3052 in first relapse after short first CR.

title: Sequential XXXX , @entity2592 , and @entity2664 : a phase II trial in adults with poor-risk acute myelogenous leukemia.

entities_list: @entity13449 :: ('MESH:C077990', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavopiridol', 'flavopiridol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic to leukemic blasts']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemias', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9864 :: ('CHEBI:28680', 'Chemical') :: ['1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine']

answer: @entity13449 :: (MESH:C077990,Chemical) :: ['flavopiridol']


abstract: We analyzed clinical data from 195 @entity1 (141 @entity1 ) with @entity583 complicating @entity573 , collected from 74 major hospitals in Japan. The @entity583 usually occurred within the first year of illness, but 27.2% of the @entity1 had @entity583 more than 1 year later. In 63% of the @entity1 it occurred during sleep or at rest. The main symptoms of acute @entity583 were @entity1457 , unrest, @entity391 , @entity490 , and @entity662 ; @entity662 was much more frequently recognized in the survivors and in older @entity1 . The @entity583 were asymptomatic in 37% of the @entity1 . Twenty-two percent of the @entity1 died during the first attack. Sixteen percent of the survivors of a first attack had a second attack. Forty-three percent of all survivors of the first or subsequent attack are doing well; however, others have some type of @entity299 , such as @entity339 , decreased ejection fraction of the left ventricle, or @entity1002 . Coronary angiographic studies indicate that in most of the fatal cases there was obstruction either in the main left coronary artery or in both the main right coronary artery and the anterior descending artery. In survivors, one-vessel obstruction was frequently recognized, particularly in the right coronary artery.

title: @entity583 in XXXX : clinical analyses in 195 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a poor prognostic feature in @entity0 . Perineural invasion (PNI), a sign of aggressive behavior potential in other @entity5 systems, is less frequently observed in @entity189 and hence has been less well studied. The present work was conducted to determine the frequency of PNI in mammarycarcinoma and to describe the relationships between PNI, @entity5 characteristics (including LVI) and clinical outcome. DESIGN: The Hartford Hospital pathology database was reviewed for cases of invasive @entity189 diagnosed from 2000-2002. The search was then narrowed to include only those cases reporting PNI, LVI, or both. These targeted reports were then reviewed to abstract clinicopathologic data with regard to @entity1 age, @entity5 stage and nuclear/ histologic grade. Histologic review was performed on all PNI(+)cases. Comparisons between @entity5 characteristics associated with PNI and LVI were generated. Nodalstatus andpatientoutcomewereobtainedfrom @entity5 registry records. RESULTS: From a total of 1136 cases of invasive @entity189 diagnosed from 2000-2002, 13 (1.14%) and 146 (12.9%) showed PNI and LVI, respectively. Of the 13 @entity1 with PNI, 5/13 (38.5%) also had LVI. Both PNI and LVI were associated with higher T-stage and intermediate to high NG/HG. CONCLUSIONS: PNI is a relatively rare histologic feature in invasive @entity0 occurring 10 times less frequently than LVI. Tumor characteristics associated with PNI include higher T-stage, higher @entity5 grade and LVI. Despite this, @entity1 with PNI can expect a meaningful survival at five years with @entity146 adjuvant therapy (only one of 13 @entity1 in this study was known DOD after mean follow-up of 5.9 yr). When observed in tissue sections PNI should be reported (for completeness) but its role as an independent poor prognostic feature remains questionable.

title: Prevalence and significance of perineural invasion in invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['appropriately aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prolonged @entity3894 and graft failure (GF) represent life-threatening complications after @entity8 ( @entity8 ) requiring suitable biomarkers for early detection and differentiation between GF and poor graft function (PGF). @entity414 (UA) is a strong immunological danger signal. METHODS: Laboratory results were analyzed from @entity1 undergoing either allogeneic or autologous @entity8 or induction chemotherapy for acute @entity1778 (n   =   50 per group, n   =   150 total). RESULTS: During therapy, UA levels declined from normal values to hypouricemic values (all p   <   0.001). Alongside @entity1583 recovery, UA serum levels returned to baseline values. During @entity3894 , UA levels remained low and started steadily increasing (defined as >two consecutive days, median one 2-day increase) at a median of 1 day before rising leukocytes in allogeneic @entity8 (p   =   0.01) and together with leukocytes in autologous @entity8 (median one 2-day increase). During induction chemotherapy, a UA increase was also observed alongside rising leukocytes/neutrophils but also several times during @entity3894 (median 3 increases). Most @entity8 @entity1 had no detectable leukocytes during @entity3894 , while some leukocytes remained detectable after induction therapy. No increase in UA levels was observed without concomitant or subsequent rise of leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in UA serum levels can indicate incipient or remaining immunological activity after @entity8 or induction therapy. They may, therefore, help to differentiate between PGF and GF.

title: @entity414 as a novel biomarker for bone-marrow function and incipient @entity1583 reconstitution after XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HCT', 'hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid']

answer: @entity3894 :: (MESH:C563261,Disease) :: ['aplasia']


abstract: @entity548 , or @entity1884 , is an autosomal dominant @entity74 characterized by vascular derangement in many organs. The vascular derangement includes teleangiectases, @entity2548 and @entity439 . Liver involvement in @entity548 teleangiectasia is a rare and sometimes severe disease which was unknown and mostly detected at autopsy until a few decades ago. Typical findings are @entity1462 and connective tissue formation with @entity82 and atypical @entity82 . In the last years we observed five Osler @entity1 with exclusive or prevailing involvement of the liver. An unambiguous diagnosis can be ascertained by means of a hazardous liver puncture with typical histological findings. Angiography allows a reliable identification of even minor @entity455 . The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the courses of disease, the techniques of examination and the therapeutical options of this rare manifestation of @entity1884 . In every case one could observe @entity99 which were established as typical Osler findings with the assistance of histological and above all sonographical/color-Doppler-sonographical devices. These special sonographic/color-Doppler-sonographic features make it possible to give up the histological diagnostics or exhaustive investigations by means of angiography, computer-tomography or MRI.

title: [The liver and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular deformities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic', 'Hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['Osler-disease', 'Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic malformations']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Flavored little cigar and cigarillo (LCC) smoking prevalence rate is increasing among young adults; little is known about their comprehension of its risks. To inform @entity286 control regulatory policy and prevention methods, we explored young adult smokers' risk perceptions of @entity306 and its use. METHODS: Purposive samples (n = 90) of African American, Hispanic, and white young adults who self-identified as dual (smoked >=  1 LCC and cigarette in past 30 days) and cigarette-only (>= 1 cigarette in past 30 days) smokers participated in 12 audiotaped focus groups and a semi-structured interview conducted in the Southeastern United States. @entity1 discussed their experiences smoking flavored @entity19850 and perceived health risks of smoking flavored @entity19850 . A brief survey was administered to characterize @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1 had a mean age of 25.1 years (SD = 4.5), were majority male (53.1%), and were 60.0% African American, 29.5% white, and 17.5% Hispanic. Along with health risks and addiction, three major themes emerged as underlying contributors of risk perceptions: affect, @entity1 ' smoking practices (amount smoked and inhalation), and beliefs about the components of @entity19850 (including flavoring and filters). @entity1 ' reported intention to smoke flavored @entity19850 with its @entity286 or as blunts (filled with marijuana) also influenced perceptions. Flavored @entity19850 were viewed along a continuum of risks compared to cigarettes and blunt smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed dimensions that were important for the formation of risk perceptions about flavored @entity19850 . A multidimensional conceptual model and a measure of risk perceptions that is inclusive of these dimensions should be developed and examined for LCC use patterns.

title: The Most Natural XXXX Used: A Qualitative Investigation of Young Adult Smokers' Risk Perceptions of Flavored Little Cigars and Cigarillos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['flavored LCC products']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate anatomic and functional results in @entity1 with @entity1103 in @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ), treated with pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, depending on the timing of surgery. METHODS: A total of 35 consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity2286 with ILM peeling. Visual acuity, @entity941 angiography, and optical coherence tomography/spectral optical coherence tomography were performed preoperatively and 6-12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Anatomic improvement was achieved in 29 @entity1 (82.9%). In 6 @entity1 , there was no improvement. Central macular thickness decreased in 17 @entity1 (48.6%) with central @entity2994 (CRVO) and in 12 @entity1 (34.3%) with @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) (p<0.05). A total of 68% of eyes showed improvement in visual acuity (p<0.05). Visual acuity improved in 14 @entity1 (mean 3.7 Snellen lines) with CRVO and in 10 @entity1 ( mean 3.7 Snellen lines) with @entity2994 . The t test shows no statistically significant difference in visual acuity improvement between @entity63 and nonischemic CRVO (p>0.05) or between @entity63 and nonischemic @entity2994 (p>0.05). Better results were observed in @entity1 treated within 1 month of the onset of symptoms than in @entity1 treated after more than 1 month. The difference is statistically significant (t test, p=0.0016). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2286 with ILM peeling may improve anatomic and functional prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1103 secondary to @entity2994 . Vitrectomy with ILM peeling seems to be beneficial for @entity1103 secondary to @entity2994 in @entity1 treated within 1 month from the onset of symptoms. @entity2286 with ILM peeling in @entity63 @entity2994 and nonischemic @entity2994 improves visual acuity.

title: Pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling for @entity1103 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusion', 'BRVO', 'RVO']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: Expression of a constitutively active @entity10173 /PTHrP receptor in cells of osteoblast lineage in vivo ( @entity21555 ) causes increases in trabecular bone volume and trabecular bone formation and, conversely, a decrease in the periosteal mineral apposition rate. Collagenase-3 (matrix metalloprotease-13) is a downstream target of @entity10173 action. To investigate the relevance of collagenase cleavage of type I collagen for the CL2+ bone phenotype, we bred CL2+ animals with @entity19 carrying a mutated col1 alpha 1 gene that encodes a protein resistant to digestion by collagenase-3 and other collagenases (rr). Adult tibias and parietal bones from 4-wk-old double-mutant animals (CL2+/rr) and from control littermates were analyzed. Trabecular bone volume was higher in CL2+/rr than in CL2+ @entity19 . This increase occurred despite a modest reduction in bone formation rate, which was, however, still significantly higher that in wild-type littermates, and therefore must reflect decreased bone resorption in rr @entity19 . Osteoclast number was increased in CL2+/rr animals compared with either wild-type or CL2+ @entity19 , suggesting that collagenase-dependent collagen cleavage affected osteoclast function rather than osteoclast number and/or differentiation. Interestingly, the periosteal mineral apposition rate was similar in CL2+/rr and CL2+ animals and was significantly lower than that in wild-type animals. Our study provides evidence that collagenase activity is important for both basal and @entity21556 -dependent osteoclast activation. Furthermore, it indicates that a mild @entity73 activity is still compatible with increased osteoblast function. Lastly, it supports the hypothesis that collagenases can be a downstream effector of @entity21556 action in trabecular bone, but not in periosteum.

title: Collagenase cleavage of type I collagen is essential for both basal and XXXX ( @entity10173 )/ @entity21556 -induced osteoclast activation and has differential effects on discrete bone compartments.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of osteoclast']

answer: @entity10173 :: (19226(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: To discover the influence of age and body mass on spinal analgesia with hyperbaric @entity6513 , 60 @entity1 (17-82 years) were administered a subarachnoid injection of 15 mg @entity6513 in 3 ml of 5% @entity413 . The @entity1 were in the lateral position during the injection and in the supine position thereafter. The maximal spread of analgesia (mean T4, range T1-T11) did not correlate with age or body mass. Any variable studied was not significantly different for the different age groups. In 29 @entity1 (48%) the block required supplementation with @entity3575 or general anaesthesia (five @entity1 ). Tourniquet-induced @entity158 occurred in eight @entity1 (28% of @entity1 with tourniquet). @entity551 , greater than 30% of the preanaesthetic value, correlated with the level of analgesia and were more frequent in @entity1 over 50 years (P less than 0.01). Severe @entity551 and @entity1168 with transient serious changes in QRS-complexes occurred in one @entity1 (analgesia level, T3). In conclusion, 15 mg of hyperbaric @entity6513 provided a relatively high sensory spinal blockade without correlating with age or body mass. Supplementation of analgesia during surgery was needed in almost half of the @entity1 material.

title: Spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric XXXX : effect of age and body mass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Decreases in systolic arterial blood pressure', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6513 :: (MESH:D013748,Chemical) :: ['tetracaine']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a progressive @entity179 that is thought to be caused in part by the age-related accumulation of amyloid-b (Ab) in the brain. Recent findings have revealed that @entity842 (NO) modulates the processing of amyloid-b precursor protein (APP) and alters Ab production; however, the previously presented data are contradictory and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still incomplete. Here, using @entity1 SH-SY5Y @entity521 cells stably transfected with wild-type APPwt695, we found that NO, derived from NO donor @entity1854 ( @entity4982 ), bi-directionally modulates APP processing in vitro. The data from ELISA and Western blot (WB) tests indicated that @entity4982 at lower concentrations (0.01 and 0.1   M) inhibits @entity6705 expression, thus consequently suppresses APP b-cleavage and decreases Ab production. In contrast, @entity4982 at higher concentrations (10 and 20   M) biases the APP processing toward the amyloidogenic pathway as evidenced by an increased @entity6705 but a decreased @entity2854 expression, together with an elevated Ab secretion. This bi-directional modulating activity of @entity4982 on APP processing was completely blocked by specific NO scavenger @entity6706 , indicating NO-dependent mechanisms. Moreover, the anti-amyloidogenic activity of @entity4982 is @entity6707 / @entity6708 / @entity6709 -dependent as evidenced by its reversal by @entity6707 / @entity6709 inhibitions, whereas the amyloidogenic activity of @entity4982 is @entity6710 -related and can be reversed by @entity6710 scavenger @entity414 . In summary, these present findings predict a double-edged role of NO in APP processing in vitro. Low (physiological) levels of NO inhibit the amyloidogenic processing of APP, whereas extra-high (pathological) concentrations of NO favor the amyloidogenic pathway of APP processing. This preliminary study may provide further evidence to clarify the molecular roles of NO and NO-related signaling in @entity195 and supply potential molecular targets for @entity195 treatment.

title: Double-Edged Roles of @entity842 Signaling on APP Processing and Amyloid-b Production In Vitro: Preliminary Evidence from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1854 :: (MESH:D009599,Chemical) :: ['Sodium Nitroprusside']


abstract: @entity5363 was commonly present in the feces of unweaned @entity291 (2 to 3 weeks old) and from two of four groups of @entity742 . One new season lamb (12 to 16 weeks old) carried the organism, but the bacteria were not isolated from @entity291 . With unweaned @entity291 , the fractions of animals infected and carcasses contaminated were similar. Contamination of carcasses usually involved low densities of @entity5363 (ca. 1 to 10/cm2), which were isolated from flank but not rump areas. The organism was recovered less frequently from chilled carcasses and deboned veal. Small numbers of @entity5363 could be recovered from equipment during the processing of unweaned @entity291 but not after routine cleaning.

title: Contamination of red-meat carcasses by Campylobacter fetus subsp. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['C. fetus subsp. jejuni', 'Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['jejuni']


abstract: In eight groups of subjects operating various hand-held vibrating tools and aged from 30 to 59 years, the prevalence rates of @entity10795 ( @entity10795 ) and @entity1183 , @entity158 , or stiffness in the upper and lower extremities were investigated. Hand-transmitted vibration levels (HTVLs) were measured on the back of the hand, by means of unidirectional (x-axis) vibration dosimeters, and the frequency-weighted acceleration levels [(Lh,w)eq,t] were determined as the vibration levels. The prevalence rates of @entity10795 and @entity1183 of the hands in these subjects were compared to the prevalence rates of @entity2407 ( @entity2407 ) and @entity1183 of the hands in 1027 males and 1301 females not occupationally exposed to vibration (age range: 30-59 years). It was observed that in subjects exposed to HTVLs of between 1.1 and 2.5 m/s2, the prevalence of @entity10795 was between 0.0% and 4.8%. The prevalence of @entity10795 reached 9.6% in a group of workers exposed to HTVLs of 2.7-5.1 m/s2. The latter group showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the prevalence of @entity10795 compared to the 2.7% prevalence of @entity2407 in male subjects of the general population. The prevalence of @entity10795 in female subjects exposed to vibration (4.3%) was not significantly different from the prevalence of @entity2407 in females of the general population (3.4%). The prevalence rates of @entity1183 of the hands were in the range of 6.5%-30.4% in the exposed groups and in the range of 13.4%-29.5% in the general population. Among the subjective symptoms, only @entity10795 showed a significant positive correlation with HTVLs (R2 = 0.5, P < 0.05). It was concluded that in decisions concerning quantitative recommendations for vibration exposure, the prevalence of @entity10795 should be employed. With a view to decreasing the risk of developing @entity10795 , estimated vibration safety values for 4 h and 2 h daily exposures are discussed.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in different groups of workers operating hand-held vibrating tools.

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['VWF', 'vibration-induced white finger']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon", 'RP']

answer: @entity2407 :: (MESH:D011928,Disease) :: ['Raynaud's phenomenon']


abstract: In this study prophylactic antiarrhythmic effects of @entity1855 on exercise-induced @entity943 are evaluated. Investigations were carried out on a total of 22 @entity1 . All @entity1 showed frequent and/or complex @entity943 during repeated exercise tests under control conditions. After two control exercise tests all @entity1 were treated with @entity1855 120 mg given every 8 hours orally over 4 days. On the 3rd and 4th day of treatment the exercise tests were repeated. @entity1855 caused a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of exercise-induced @entity943 in 13 out of 22 @entity1 . In @entity1 with exercise-induced @entity308 a prophylactic action could be demonstrated in 9 out of 10 cases. The antiarrhythmic effect was independent of changes in heart rate. A reduction in myocardial @entity26 consumption and direct electrophysiological effects (suppression of the 'slow response' and/or an increase in the resting potential of the 'depressed fast response') can be considered, as well as a suppression of 'triggered activity' or a direct inhibition of adrenergic effects. @entity460 antagonists (type @entity1855 ) prove to be suitable drugs for the treatment of exercise-induced @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity296 .

title: Prophylaxis of exercise-induced XXXX by @entity1855 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity1910 ( @entity1910 ) induced by drugs is a T-cell mediated reaction and effector cells may play an important role in its development. We assessed the effector and cutaneous homing phenotype in peripheral blood cells from @entity56 @entity1 after drug stimulation. This study included 10 @entity1 and 10 controls. The effector phenotype ( @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (+/-)), chemokine receptors ( @entity16952 and @entity23055 ), and activation ( @entity2902 (low)) and regulatory markers ( @entity2902 (high)) were measured by flow cytometry in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and @entity404 -T-lymphocytes. Proliferation was determined by @entity22139 ( @entity22139 ) assay and the migratory capacity by a chemotaxis assay using @entity14420 and @entity17997 . Compared to controls, @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (-) cells were increased in @entity1 without (p=0.003) and with drug stimulation (p less than 0.001) and had significantly higher proliferation (p=0.010). @entity23055 expression was increased in @entity1 after drug stimulation in total and memory @entity2731 (+) T-cells. Lymphocyte migration with @entity17997 was higher in @entity1 with drug stimulation (p=0.048), with a decrease in @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (-) (p less than 0.0001) and an increase in @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (+) (p=0.017). In @entity1 , @entity404 -T-lymphocytes were significantly activated after drug stimulation (p less than 0.001). In conclusion, we show that effector memory @entity404 (+) T-cells ( @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (+)) respond specifically to the drug responsible for @entity1910 and confirm previous data about the involvement of @entity23055 in cell trafficking to the skin.

title: Role of effector cells ( @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (-)) and effector-memory cells ( @entity9350 (-) XXXX (+)) in drug-induced @entity1910 .

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['Maculopapular exanthema', 'MPE']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity22139 :: ('MESH:C087165', 'Chemical') :: ['CFSE', '5-(-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester']

answer: @entity2731 :: (939,Gene) :: ['CD27']


abstract: 1. @entity1 eggs are arrested at metaphase of their second meiotic division when ovulated and remain arrested until fertilized. The sperm delivers into the egg phospholipase C (PLC) zeta, which triggers a series of @entity141 spikes lasting several hours. The @entity141 spikes provide the necessary and sufficient trigger for all the events of fertilization, including exit from metaphase II arrest and extrusion of cortical granules that block the entry of other sperm. 2. The oscillatory @entity141 signal switches on @entity3404 ( @entity3404 ), which phosphorylates the egg-specific protein @entity13273 , earmarking it for degradation. To remain metaphase II arrested, eggs must maintain high levels of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activity, a heterodimer of @entity10610 and @entity8189 . @entity13273 prevents loss of MPF by blocking @entity8189 degradation, a process that is achieved by inhibiting the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. However, @entity3404 is not the primary initiator in the extrusion of cortical granules. 3. @entity141 spiking is also observed in mitosis of one-cell embryos, probably because @entity13274 contains a nuclear localization signal and so is released into the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope breakdown. The function of these mitotic @entity141 spikes remains obscure, although they are not absolutely required for passage through mitosis. 4. Intriguingly, the pattern of @entity141 spikes observed at fertilization has an effect on both pre- and postimplantation development in a manner that is independent of their ability to activate eggs. This suggests that the @entity141 spikes set in train at fertilization are having effects on processes initiated in the newly fertilized egg but whose influences are only observed several cell divisions later. The nature of the signals remains little explored, but their importance is clear and so warrants further investigation.

title: Intracellular calcium in the fertilization and development of XXXX eggs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3404 :: ('818', 'Gene') :: ['CaMKII', 'calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about how the severity of @entity130 with recurrent events of suspected non-accidental @entity130 (NAT). Our objective was to determine risk factors for escalating severity of injury in @entity1 with multiple events of suspected NAT. METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included @entity1 from a pediatric Medicaid accountable care organization with   >=    1 non-birth related episode containing an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification or Current Procedural Terminology code for NAT or a skeletal survey between 2007 and 2011. Subsequent potential NAT events were defined as independent episodes with codes for either NAT, a skeletal survey, or @entity130 suspicious for abuse. Severity of injury was calculated using the New Injury Severity Score (NISS). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used with results expressed as hazard ratios and 95  % confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of the 914 @entity1 with at least one suspected NAT event, 39  % had at least one suspected recurrent NAT event; 12  % had 2 events and 5  % had   >=    3 events during follow-up. Factors associated with an increased risk for a recurrent episode of suspected NAT with higher NISS were living in a rural area (1.69, 1.02-2.78, p   =   0.04) and having an open wound (2.12, 1.24-3.62, p   =   0.006), or superficial injury (2.28, 1.31-3.98, p   =   0.004). In contrast, a greater number of @entity130 was associated with a decreased risk for a recurrent episode of suspected NAT with higher NISS (p   <   0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Though limited by a lack of follow-up of @entity1 placed in out of home care, our results suggest that @entity1 with "minor" or less numerous @entity130 are either not reported to @entity1 protective services or not removed from the unsafe environment with either situation leading to subsequent events. The medical and @entity1 welfare systems need to better identify these potential victims of recurrent events..

title: Predictors of @entity130 across suspected recurrent episodes of non-accidental XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury changes', 'injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Whereas the effect of heel configuration on the tension of the suspensory apparatus is well documented in the literature, there are few reports of joint contact force components in the @entity1641 distal forelimb. OBJECTIVES: To improve understanding of the effect of heel configuration on @entity1641 digit joint loading, a sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the effect of a raised heel on joint contact force components in the coffin and fetlock joints during the stance phase of the trot. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four Warmblood @entity1641 were used. An inverse dynamic analysis was carried out using kinematic and kinetic data. Taking into account the tendon wrapping forces (WF) around the sesamoid bones in the calculations, the joint @entity5526 ( @entity5526 ) were estimated for the coffin and fetlock joints during the trot stance phase (4 m/s). To test the sensitivity of the results to heel configuration changes, calculations were performed repeatedly for different heel configurations (raised by 0, 6 and 12  ). A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to test the effect of heel configuration (at the 3 levels) (a = 0.05; P < 0.05; post hoc testing: Bonferroni). RESULTS: For heel configurations raised from 0-12  : whereas the tension of the deep digital flexor tendon decreased and the tension of the superficial digital flexor tendon increased, for the coffin joint the peak WF (1.4    0.25 bwt; 1.2    0.2 bwt; 0.95    0.1 bwt) and the peak @entity5526 (2.45    0.25 bwt; 2.2    0.2 bwt; 2    0.1 bwt) decreased significantly (P < 0.05). For the fetlock joint, the peak WF (3.8    0.7 bwt; 4.1    0.3 bwt; 4.4    0.25 bwt) and the peak @entity5526 (4.35    0.7 bwt; 4.7    0.35 bwt; 5    0.3 bwt) increased, but not significantly. CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests that the coffin joint loading and fetlock joint loading are strongly connected. The heel configuration may influence both coffin joint and fetlock joint contact force components.

title: Heel effects on joint contact force components in the XXXX digit: a sensitivity analysis.

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'contact forces']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity137 after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for "central" @entity5 -within 2  cm of the proximal bronchial tree or with @entity5 volume ( @entity343 ) touching mediastinum-versus noncentral ("peripheral") @entity2 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From November 2005 to January 2011, 229 @entity5 (110 central, 119 peripheral; T1-3N0M0 non-small-cell @entity2 and limited lung metastases) in 196 consecutive @entity1 followed prospectively at a single institution received moderate-dose SBRT (48-60  Gy in 4-5 fractions [biologic effective dose=100-132 Gy, a/b=10]) using 4-dimensional planning, online image-guided radiation therapy, and institutional dose constraints. Clinical adverse events (AEs) were graded prospectively at clinical and radiographic follow-up using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Pulmonary function test (PFT) decline was graded as 2 (25%-49.9% decline), 3 (50.0%-74.9% decline), or 4 (>= 75.0% decline). Central/peripheral location was assessed retrospectively on planning CT scans. Groups were compared after propensity score matching. Characteristics were compared with   (2) and 2-tailed t tests, adverse events with   (2) test-for-trend, and cumulative incidence using competing risks analysis (Gray's test). RESULTS: With 79 central and 79 @entity1263 matched, no differences in AEs were observed after 17  months median follow-up. Two-year cumulative incidences of grade >= 2 @entity158 , musculoskeletal, pulmonary, and skin AEs were 14%, 5%, 6%, and 10% (central) versus 19%, 10%, 10%, and 3% (peripheral), respectively ( @entity15340 , .38, .70, and .09). Grade >= 2 cardiovascular, @entity344 were rare (<1%). Two-year incidences of grade >= 2 clinical AEs (28% vs 25%, P=.79), grade >= 2 PFT decline (36% vs 34%, @entity15341 ), grade >= 3 clinical AEs (3% vs 7%, @entity7117 ), and grade >= 3 PFT decline (0 vs 10%, @entity1354 ) were similar for central versus @entity1263 , respectively. Pooled 2-year incidences of grades 4 and 5 AEs were <1% and 0%, respectively, in both the prematched and matched groups. CONCLUSION: Moderate-dose SBRT with these techniques yields a similarly safe @entity137 profile for both central and peripheral @entity2 .

title: XXXX After Central versus Peripheral Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A Propensity Score Matched-Pair Analysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['planning tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal, and central nervous system AEs']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyse the risk factors that predispose @entity1 to chronic symptoms related to the treatment of @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 569 @entity1 who had undergone modified radical mastectomies with axillary evacuation (MRM) or breast resection with axillary evacuation (BCT). RESULTS: @entity158 , paraesthesias and strange sensations were reported by half of the @entity1 . The @entity1118 slightly affected the daily lives of about 50% of the @entity1 and moderately or more the daily lives of about 25% of the @entity1 . @entity158 was reported significantly more often after BCT than after MRM both in the breast scar (BS) and in the ipsilateral arm (IA). The @entity1 with @entity1118 were significantly younger and had larger primary @entity5 . @entity260 increased the incidence of @entity1118 in the IA. The highest incidence of @entity158 in the IA was reported by @entity1 who had had both radio- and chemotherapy. The fact that the incidence of @entity158 (IA) had a significant correlation with the incidence of paraesthesias, @entity4 , strange sensations and @entity425 may be an indication of @entity128 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1118 was more common after breast-conserving surgery than after radical surgery. Surgical complications and postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy increased the risk of @entity1118 and other symptoms. Modifications in the treatment protocol and preclusion of @entity260 may be necessary in order to minimize chronic treatment-related symptoms.

title: XXXX and other symptoms after different treatment modalities of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Coal miners working underground may be exposed chronically to low levels of @entity842 and @entity7459 from diesel engine emissions and from the use of explosives for blasting. The aims of this study were to establish whether long-term exposures to low concentrations of these gases at nine British coal mines had been associated with increased susceptibility to @entity1729 and, if so, to estimate the relative risks for different levels of exposure. The nine mines concerned had been involved, since 1954, in a prospective epidemiological study of coal miners' health. Median levels of @entity16425 in 4,933 pairs of full-shift samples, taken at the mines during the years 1976 through 1982 were 0.2 ppm @entity842 and 0.03 ppm @entity7459 ; 10 percent of the concentrations exceeded 1.1 ppm @entity842 and 0.08 ppm @entity7459 . Multiple regression estimates of concentrations associated with different underground locations, types of work, and mining conditions at each mine were combined with detailed records of miners' attendance at work at similar locations in earlier years. These retrospective estimates of individuals' underground exposures to @entity16425 referred to between five- and 16-year periods of exposure. Also available for study were records of the @entity1 's exposures to respirable mine dusts and information from five-yearly medical surveys about their smoking habits, respiratory symptoms, and questionnaire-elicited reports of sickness absences attributed, among other things, to @entity1729 . The reliability of the latter reports was examined in a sample of 471 of the @entity1 by comparing the answers to the questionnaire with physicians' diagnoses on certified sickness absence records. Miners' references to @entity3617 , @entity683 , or colds as the cause of prolonged sickness absence during the three years preceding the surveys did, in general, reflect real spells of absence from work, lasting at least seven days, that had been diagnosed by doctors as due to @entity1729 . But only about 20 percent of the @entity1 whose colliery records indicated that there had been such an absence acknowledged them in the survey as due to a " @entity764 ". Most of the under-reporting was of absence certified as due to @entity683 , colds, or "upper @entity1729 ", and this under-reporting was not related to the @entity1 's ages or smoking habits. The main analyses referred to 5,408 reports of colds, @entity683 , or @entity3617 at a total of 40,071 interviews involving nearly 20,000 miners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX in coal miners exposed to @entity16425 .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest illness']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections', 'respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity16425 :: ('MESH:D009589', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen oxides']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['Respiratory infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence suggests that flow-dependent dilatation of conduit arteries is mediated by @entity842 (NO) and/or @entity4770 . The present study was designed to assess whether NO or @entity4770 also contributes to flow-dependent dilatation of conduit arteries in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Radial artery internal diameter (ID) was measured continuously in 16 healthy volunteers (age, 24 +/- 1 years) with a transcutaneous A-mode echo-tracking system coupled to a Doppler device for the measurement of radial blood flow. In 8 subjects, a catheter was inserted into the brachial artery for measurement of arterial pressure and infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ; 8 mumol/min for 7 minutes; infusion rate, 0.8 mL/min). Flow-dependent dilatation was evaluated before and after @entity7293 or @entity117 as the response of the radial artery to an acute increase in flow (reactive @entity450 after a 3-minute cuff wrist occlusion). Under control conditions, release of the occlusion induced a marked increase in radial blood flow (from 24 +/- 3 to 73 +/- 11 mL/min; P < .01) followed by a delayed increase in radial diameter (flow-mediated dilatation; from 2.67 +/- 0.10 to 2.77 +/- 0.12 mm; P < .01) without any change in heart rate or arterial pressure. @entity7293 decreased basal forearm blood flow (from 24 +/- 3 to 13 +/- 3 mL/min; P < .05) without affecting basal radial artery diameter, heart rate, or arterial pressure, whereas @entity117 (1 g PO) was without any hemodynamic effect. In the presence of @entity7293 , the peak flow response during @entity450 was not affected (76 +/- 12 mL/min), but the duration of the hyperemic response was markedly reduced, and the flow-dependent dilatation of the radial artery was abolished and converted to a vasoconstriction (from 2.62 +/- 0.11 to 2.55 +/- 0.11 mm; P < .01). In contrast, @entity117 did not affect the hyperemic response nor the flow-dependent dilatation of the radial artery. CONCLUSIONS: The present investigation demonstrates that NO, but not @entity4770 , is essential for flow-mediated dilatation of large @entity1 arteries. Hence, this response can be used as a test for the @entity534 /NO pathway in clinical studies.

title: @entity842 is responsible for flow-dependent dilatation of XXXX peripheral conduit arteries in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']