abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2603 Background: As opposed to cytotoxic agents, MTAs do not always induce @entity5 shrinkage, but only @entity5 stabilisation. RECIST defines @entity74 ( @entity74 ) as the occurrence of new lesions or a >20% increase in the sum of target lesions (as compared to the nadir), irrespective of @entity5 growth kinetics before and during treatment. We hypothesized that @entity74 according to RECIST may occur in some pts treated with MTAs, although @entity5 growth kinetics has been reduced after treatment initiation, potentially leading to inappropriate treatment discontinuation. We aimed at estimating the proportion of pts with @entity74 according to RECIST who experienced a slowdown of @entity5 growth kinetics while treated with a MTA. METHODS: Baseline and on-treatment imaging, along with pre-baseline imaging, of pts treated with a MTA as single agent or with a combination of MTAs in phase I and II clinical trials at Institut Curie were retrospectively reviewed. Pts with non-measurable disease were excluded, as were pts lacking pre-baseline imaging or pts evaluated with different imaging techniques. Tumor measurements on imaging were performed by 2 radiologists. RESULTS: 50 pts included in 19 trials were included in the study. Median number of prior lines of treatment was 3 [range: 0-8]. Medical treatment prior study entry was chemotherapy +/- MTA in 32 pts (64%), a MTA in 5 pts (10%), hormone therapy in 3 pts (6%), and none in 10 pts (20%). Median number of available imaging exams was 4 [range: 3-12]. Median time between pre-baseline and baseline imaging was 10 weeks [range: 2-28]. Three pts are still on treatment. Of the 47 remaining pts who went off-study, treatment was discontinued because of @entity137 /clinical @entity74 /radiological @entity74 according to RECIST in 2 (47%)/18 (38%)/27 (57%) pts. Eight pts with radiological @entity74 according to RECIST had new lesions at the time of @entity74 , while 19 pts had not. In 5 pts among these 19 pts (26%), the slope of @entity5 growth on-treatment (based on the nadir) was reduced by 10% or more as compared to the slope before treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that a substantial proportion of pts treated with MTAs are early discontinued treatment while benefiting from it.

title: Added value of pre- and on-treatment XXXX growth kinetics assessment to RECIST in patients (pts) treated with molecularly targeted agents (MTAs).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: 1. The @entity1063 concentration in the lung was less than 0.5 mug/g in eight animal species.2. In the cat, @entity235 , @entity95 and @entity1237 , @entity6114 produced a fall in pulmonary resistance, which was reduced by the administration of either @entity2515 or @entity2072 . Although an infusion of @entity1063 increased the content of this @entity6115 in the lung of the cat, previously depleted by @entity2515 , the bronchodilator property of @entity6114 was not restored. The infusion of @entity3044 did not restore the response to @entity6114 . The role of either @entity2922 in mediating the bronchomotor response to @entity6114 could not be ascertained.3. The concentration of @entity935 was as high as 6.4 mug/g in the @entity1237 lung and less than 0.5 mug/g in the lungs of the cat, @entity95 , @entity235 , @entity35 , @entity19 , @entity840 and @entity1 . @entity935 , injected intravenously into the cat, @entity235 , @entity95 and @entity1237 , produced a slight rise in pulmonary resistance. This increase was blocked by @entity6116 , indicating that the response was mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors in the bronchial passages. No procedure has been observed to influence the @entity935 content of the lung. The release of @entity935 cannot, however, be excluded until the blood in the bronchial veins has been analysed.

title: Pharmacological significance of biogenic amines in the lungs: XXXX and @entity935 .

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity6116 :: ('MESH:D014043', 'Chemical') :: ['tolazoline']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no information in international literature on the mode of presentation, laboratory and clinical features, treatment and prognosis of primary @entity628 ( @entity628 ) in adults in Pakistan. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 124 adults (>= 17 years) with a diagnosis of primary @entity628 who presented to the adult nephrology clinic at Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation between January 1995 and June 2006. The clinical records and biopsy reports were reviewed to determine the demographic, clinical, laboratory and pathologic features, treatment responses and outcome of the disease. Renal biopsies were performed and evaluated by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Standard therapeutic regimens and response to therapy definitions were used. Outcome data were obtained at last follow-up. RESULTS: Mean age of all @entity1 was 30.9    13.6 years (range: 17-85 years). Of these, 86 (69%) were males and 38 (31%) females, with a male to female ratio of 2.2:1. Of 124 @entity1 , 79 (63.7%) were treated with @entity230 for a median duration of 5 months. Remission was achieved in 40 (50.6%) @entity1 . Relapse occurred in 14 (17.7%) @entity134 -treated @entity1 . These achieved sustained remission with retreatment. None of the @entity134 -treated @entity1 went into @entity454 over a mean follow-up of 2.3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study show that half of adults with primary @entity628 achieve sustained remission with prolonged @entity134 treatment and consequently exhibit an excellent prognosis for long-term outcome. Moreover, raised serum @entity1011 at presentation does not in itself adversely affect @entity134 response in adults with primary @entity628 .

title: Raised serum @entity1011 at presentation does not adversely affect @entity134 response in primary XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: A 31-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of severe @entity10 and @entity4653 in December 1985. Neurological examination on admission revealed severe @entity1662 , anisocoria, absent light reflex on the right side, and evidence of left @entity1269 , but other brainstem reflexes were intact. A CT scan taken shortly after arrival demonstrated a large @entity1410 in the right temporal lobe and the right cerebellum. Breathing became irregular and intubation was needed. An emergency operation was performed. After the operation the @entity1 remained @entity772 without any spontaneous respiration or brainstem reflexes. The next day she was still @entity772 without any spontaneous movement and other neurological finding remained unchanged. An initial EEG obtained at this time showed an 8- to 9-Hz alpha rhythm of about 15-40 microV with preponderance over the posterior and central regions. Some spontaneous variability was noted. The same day, investigations of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), visual evoked potential (VEP), and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were performed. BAEP showed only the first, second and third waves (I-III) bilaterally. VEP was able to elicit the primary response (II-III) without the secondary response. SEP could not be obtained from the early cortical response to left median nerve stimulation, but showed N14 bilaterally and small N20 upon right median nerve stimulation. On the second day of hospitalization, a repeated EEG showed generalized slowing with loss of alpha frequency rhythms and it proved impossible for SEP to elicit N20 bilaterally. At this time, BAEP showed bilateral I-IIIth waves and VEP still showed primary response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of alpha XXXX in acute brainstem dysfunction--consecutive electroencephalograms and evoked potentials].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: One hundred and sixteen @entity1 with advanced @entity43 , who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery, received 6-11 courses of chemotherapy by @entity900 (50 mg/m2) and @entity632 (50 mg/m2) every 21 days. This was followed by second look laparotomy in 66 @entity1 with no clinical evidence of disease. Consolidation abdominal irradiation was administered to 43 @entity1 . Two techniques of irradiation were employed: between 1980-1983 whole abdominal irradiation was used and @entity1 were to receive 3000 cGy in 4 weeks (Schedule I). Due to myelosuppression only 13 of 26 @entity1 (50%) completed the planned dose of radiation. Between 1983-1985 the target volume was divided into upper and lower parts. First, the lower abdomen received 3000 cGy in 3 weeks, and then the upper abdomen received the same dose (Schedule II). Sixteen of seventeen @entity1 (94%) thus treated, completed the planned dose of radiation. The actuarial survival for all 116 @entity1 was 28% of 5 years. Irradiated @entity1 with negative second look laparotomy had a survival probability of 100% at 24 months. Irradiated @entity1 with microscopic disease at second look operation had an actuarial 5-year survival of 66%. @entity1 with @entity41 at second look laparotomy, receiving consolidation abdominal irradiation, had an actuarial survival of 5% only at 36 months. It is concluded that consolidation radiotherapy is effective in @entity1 with negative or microscopic residual disease at second-look laparotomy. In regard to bone marrow tolerance, split field technique of irradiation is preferred.

title: Whole abdominal irradiation following chemotherapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-platin']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity311 -endemic areas, reliably establishing parasitaemia for diagnosis of @entity311 can be difficult. @entity989 with some features unique to severe @entity311 with a predictive value on prognosis, has been described. Detection of this @entity989 could be a useful diagnostic tool. This study was designed to determine the diagnostic usefulness of @entity989 on ophthalmoscopy in severe @entity311 syndromes: @entity6197 ( @entity6197 ) and non-cerebral severe @entity311 (non- @entity6197 ), i.e. @entity311 with @entity649 ( @entity649 ) and @entity311 with severe @entity417 (SA), in Ghanaian @entity1 . Secondly, to determine any association between @entity989 and the occurrence of @entity410 in @entity1 with @entity6197 . METHODS AND SUBJECTS: A cross-sectional study of consecutive @entity1 on admission with severe @entity311 who were assessed for retinal signs, at the Department of @entity1 Health, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, from July to August 2002 was done. All @entity1 had dilated-fundus examination by direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 aged between six months and nine years were recruited. Twenty six(45%) had @entity6197 , 22 with @entity410 ; 26(45%) had SA and six(10%) had @entity649 .Any @entity989 was seen in: @entity6197 19(73%), SA 14(54%), @entity649 3(50.0%), @entity6197 with @entity410 15(68%) and @entity6197 without @entity410 4(100%). Comparison between @entity6197 versus non- @entity6197 groups showed a significant risk relationship between retinal whitening and @entity6197 (OR = 11.0, CI = 2.2- 56.1, p = 0.001). There was no significant association with papilloedema(OR = 0.9, CI = 0.3 - 3.0, p = 0.9), macular whitening(OR = 1.6, CI = 0.5 - 4.8, p = 0.4), macular @entity548 (OR = 0.28, CI = 0.03 - 2.7 p = 0.2), @entity5861 (OR = 1.9, CI = 0.6 - 5.6, p = 0.3), @entity854 (OR = 1.9, CI = 0.6 - 6.1, p = 0.3) and @entity2708 wool spots(OR not calculated, p = 0.08).Tortuous and engorged retinal veins, not previously described as a feature of @entity6197 , was the most common @entity455 (15/58 = 26%) and was detected even in the absence of papilloedema. CONCLUSION: Retinal whitening, a sign suggestive of @entity2479 , was significantly more common in @entity6197 than in non- @entity6197 syndromes. However, the high prevalence of any @entity989 in the latter suggests that the brain and the retina may be suffering from ischaemia in both @entity6197 and non- @entity6197 .

title: @entity989 in severe XXXX in Ghanaian @entity1 --overlap between fundus changes in cerebral and non-cerebral @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'A retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['vessel abnormality']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Cerebral malaria']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: We reported a 71-year-old male with @entity5487 presented acute @entity1576 after ataxic respiration. The @entity1 had experienced transient @entity892 repeatedly for about 2 weeks and then the developed persistent @entity892 and vertigo. On the third day he was admitted to our hospital because of @entity16 and @entity1174 . He showed left @entity892 . And he had @entity132 of @entity158 and temperature in the left face and the right side of the body, @entity2055 . He showed @entity4653 , severe @entity1282 and left mild central facial paresis, but no @entity1269 . This case was clinically considered to be a typical case of left @entity5487 . When he was admitted to our hospital, he showed @entity519 with hypercapnea in spite of no history of @entity1030 . This condition was considered to be a central @entity7633 . He had two episodes of @entity1576 following ataxic respiration on the 4th and 5th days, but no @entity1167 . He was supported his respiration by mechanical ventilation until he was able to breathe spontaneously on the 29th day. The 22nd day MRI disclosed high intensity area in the left lateral and dorso-medial medulla in T2-weighted image, and this lesion was 1.5 cm in length. Therefore this case was diagnosed medullary infarction. This case developed @entity158 in chronic stage. @entity158 existed around the eye and in the cheek, and @entity158 was like toothache and unbearable like @entity158 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of medullary infarction presented XXXX and @entity1576 after ataxic respiration].

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity7633 :: ('MESH:C536281', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['sudden-onset respiratory arrest', 'respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['lateral medullary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic pain', 'Pain', 'ipsilateral facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's sign and double vision", 'diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['left limb ataxia and truncal ataxia']

answer: @entity5487 :: (MESH:D014854,Disease) :: ['lateral medullary syndrome']


abstract: Despite considerable progress achieved in the management of @entity135 ( @entity135 ) in the last decade, the prognosis of @entity1 with advanced squamous cell @entity135 is still dismal. On the basis of the reported good activity of a new @entity18480 derivative, i.e., @entity1206 (VNR), we tested the combination of @entity900 and VNR in a series of @entity1 with recurrent or previously untreated unresectable squamous cell @entity135 . Thirty-five @entity1 with recurrent or previously untreated unresectable squamous cell @entity135 were treated with a combination of @entity900 80 mg/m2 on day 1, plus @entity1206 25 mg/m2 i.v. push on days 1 and 8. This cycle was repeated every 3 weeks. Analysis of response rates was carried out separately for previously untreated @entity1 , and those with recurrent disease after surgery and/or radiotherapy. In the group of 20 @entity1 with recurrent disease the overall response rate was 55% (95% CL 44-66%), with 3 @entity1 (15%) showing a complete response with a mean duration of 6.2+ months and 8 @entity1 showing a partial response with a mean duration of 8.6+ months. In the group of @entity1 with previously untreated unresectable disease, 13 @entity1 (87%, 95% CL 78-96%) had a major objective response with a complete response rate of 27%. This regimen was quite well tolerated, with meyelosuppression and vomiting being the most frequent @entity137 . The occurrence of an acute @entity158 following @entity1206 administration in 4 @entity1 is noteworthy. In conclusion, this combination is active in advanced squamous cell @entity135 . However, although it may be recommended in recurrent @entity189 , the complete response rate achieved in previously untreated @entity1 is lower than that reported with other more intensive regimens.

title: XXXX plus @entity900 in recurrent or previously untreated unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma', 'head and neck carcinomas', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity18480 :: ('CHEBI:27288', 'Chemical') :: ['vinca alkaloid']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['Vinorelbine']


abstract: @entity1534 is a gram negative spiral bacteria that has been found to be associated with active chronic @entity3621 and duodenal @entity1066 . It possesses 4 to 6 sheathed flagella and has cockscrew motility. It is differentiated into 3 main morphological cell types during its cell cycle: spiral, straight rods and coccoid forms. It grows well in enriched media supplemented with sera in the presence of @entity544 at 35-37 degrees C. It is a high urease producer, non-sacchrolytic and possesses an array of other enzymes. Based on its biochemical characteristics, 3 biotypes have been proposed. It colonises the gastric mucosa of the antrum but is rarely found in normal antral mucosa. The serum @entity1133 probably helps its survival capability in the acidic microenvironment of gastric mucosa. It is sensitive to anti- @entity1066 medication and relatively insensitive to @entity4444 . It is susceptible to a wide range of antimicrobials but resistant to @entity2176 . The ability to grow the organism in a continuous culture system will shed more information about @entity1534 .

title: XXXX : its association with active chronic @entity3621 .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Campylobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advanced @entity1204 often shows resistance to clinical chemotherapy although potencies of anticancer drugs in vitro are promising. The disparity suggests that in vivo microenvironments are not recapitulated by in vitro models used for preclinical testing. However, spheroids replicate some important properties of @entity5 in vivo. Therefore, for the first time, we compared effects of @entity632 and @entity900 on 3D multicellular structures and 2D cell monolayers of @entity1204 cells. METHODS: 3D multicellular structures were generated by culturing @entity5 cells on non-adherent surfaces; and for comparison cell monolayers were cultured on adherent culture plates. Ishikawa, @entity1 , and KLE cell lines were studied. Morphologies of 3D multicellular structures were examined. After 48 hours treatment with anticancer drugs, apoptosis, proliferation, @entity413 metabolism and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were analysed. Immunostaining of @entity1364 , @entity1365 , p- @entity1366 , @entity1367 and p-Akt1/2/3 was also performed. RESULTS: Distinct 3D multicellular morphologies were formed by three different @entity1204 cell lines. @entity632 induced less apoptosis in 3D multicellular structures of high grade @entity5 cells ( @entity1 and KLE cell lines) than in cell monolayers. Parallel alterations in @entity1366 phosphorylation and cell proliferation might suggest they were linked and again @entity632 had less effect on 3D multicellular structures than cell monolayers. On the other hand, there was no correlation between altered @entity413 metabolism and proliferation. The responses depended on @entity5 cell lines and were apparently not mediated by altered @entity1365 levels. The level of @entity1367 was high in 3D cell cultures. The effects on @entity7 secretion were various and @entity5 cell line dependent. Importantly, both @entity632 and @entity900 had selective paradoxical stimulatory effects on @entity7 secretion. The microenvironment within 3D multicellular structures sustained Akt phosphorylation, consistent with it having a role in anchorage-independent pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 cells responded to microenvironments in a distinctive manner. 3D multicellular structures exhibited greater resistance to the agents than 2D monolayers, and the differences between the culture formats were dependent on @entity5 cell lines. The effects of anticancer drugs on the intracellular mediators were not similar in 3D and 2D cultures. Therefore, using 3D cell models may have a significant impact on conclusions derived from screening drugs for @entity1204 .

title: The resistance of intracellular mediators to @entity632 and @entity900 are distinct in 3D and 2D XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Metastases to Delphian lymph node is rarely present in laryngeal malignancy. This report describes its frequency in @entity1 with @entity5 undergoing supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (13 male and 1 female) with a mean age of 58 years underwent a SCPL with CHEP and functional bilateral neck dissection (levels II-V) searching for the Delphian lymph node. Four @entity1 were in stage I, five in stage II, four in stage III, and one in stage IV. Surgical margins and Delphian lymph nodes were searched for in each partial laryngectomy sample. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 9 months. The right-side dissection yielded an average of 18 lymph nodes and the left-side dissection yielded an average of 22 lymph nodes, with no metastatic disease on the ultimate examination. Only one @entity1 (7%) revealed @entity189 -positive Delphian lymph node, and 6 months later a metastatic lymph node was found on the same side as the @entity5 . The @entity1 underwent standard radiation therapy (66 Gy) targeted to larynx and lymph node areas, as well as to the supraclavicular region (20 Gy). DISCUSSION: Bilateral functional dissection is indicated in the presence of Delphian lymph node metastatic spread. Post-operative radiation therapy may occasionally be used as an adjuvant treatment in cases with positive Delphian lymph node in spite of a negative functional dissection in partial laryngectomies due to other possible node spread routes. Bilateral functional dissection should be chosen based on @entity5 site and size.

title: Delphian lymph node in XXXX subjected to supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['a carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glottic cancer', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['glottic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injurious mechanical ventilation (MV) may augment @entity130 remote from the lungs. During @entity295 , @entity296 is common and increased endothelial activation and permeability can cause @entity296 , which may, among other factors, hamper myocardial function. We investigated the effects of MV with injuriously high tidal volumes on the myocardium in an animal model of @entity295 . METHODS: Normal @entity35 and intraperitoneal (i.p.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated @entity35 were ventilated with low (6 ml/kg) and high (19 ml/kg) tidal volumes (Vt) under general anesthesia. Non-ventilated animals served as controls. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO) and @entity120 ( @entity120 ) were measured. Ex vivo myocardial function was measured in isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts. Cardiac expression of endothelial @entity297 and @entity4 were measured to evaluate endothelial inflammation and leakage. RESULTS: MAP decreased after LPS-treatment and Vt-dependently, both independent of each other and with interaction. MV Vt-dependently increased CVP and @entity120 and decreased CO. LPS-induced @entity298 decreased myocardial function ex vivo but MV attenuated @entity299 Vt-dependently. Cardiac endothelial @entity297 expression was increased by LPS treatment independent of MV. @entity300 was lowered Vt-dependently by MV, particularly after LPS, and correlated inversely with systolic myocardial function parameters ex vivo. CONCLUSION: MV attenuated LPS-induced systolic @entity296 in a Vt-dependent manner. This was associated with a reduction in @entity300 following a lower transmural coronary venous outflow pressure during LPS-induced @entity301 .

title: Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes attenuates @entity296 by decreasing @entity300 in a @entity35 model of LPS-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial edema', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity297 :: ('25361(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity300 :: ('MESH:D004489', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac edema', 'Cardiac edema']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary plateau pressure', 'Pplat']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heterogeneity is increasingly recognized in clinical presentation of @entity9 ( @entity9 ), but less often recognized in animal models. @entity10204 in rodent dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is associated with @entity1897 , but poorly studied in non-traumatic @entity9 conditions. METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the temporal expressions of @entity14026 ( @entity14026 ), @entity9270 ( @entity9270 ), @entity10969 ( @entity10969 ) and galanin in traumatic and non-traumatic @entity35 models of @entity16 associated with @entity9 . Expressions of these markers were examined in the DRG at different time points following tibial nerve transection (TNT) injury and antiretroviral drug @entity14027 (d4T) administration using immunohistochemistry. The development of @entity1017 following these insults was assessed by measuring limb withdrawal to a punctate mechanical stimulus. RESULTS: Both TNT-injured and d4T-treated @entity35 developed hindpaw mechanical @entity56 . Robust expressions of @entity14026 , @entity9270 , @entity10969 and galanin in both small- and large-sized L5 DRG neurons were observed in the DRG from TNT-injured @entity35 . In contrast, d4T-treated @entity35 did not exhibit any significant neurochemical changes in the DRG. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results suggest that @entity14026 , @entity9270 , @entity10969 and galanin are likely indicators of nerve @entity130 -associated processes and not generic markers for @entity9 . These experiments also demonstrate distinct expression patterns of neurochemical markers in the DRG and emphasize the mechanistic difference between nerve @entity130 and antiretroviral drug-associated @entity9 .

title: Heterogeneous responses of dorsal root ganglion neurons in @entity16 induced by XXXX and the antiretroviral drug stavudine.

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['Neurochemical dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve trauma']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['sensory gain']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity14026 :: ('25389(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['activating transcription factor-3', 'ATF-3']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'NP']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the increase of @entity65 @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) has become one of the most frequently prescribed drugs these days. Despite the rising number of @entity1 with @entity1281 medication presenting for elective general and abdominal surgery and the potentially increased risk of @entity548 in these @entity1 , there are no clear, evidence-based guidelines for the perioperative use of antiplatelet agents. The present randomised controlled trial was designed to evaluate the safety and optimize the use of @entity1281 in the perioperative management of @entity1 undergoing general and abdominal surgery. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a two-arm, monocenter randomised controlled trial. @entity1 scheduled for elective surgical treatment (i.e. @entity169 , cholecystectomy and colorectal resections) with @entity1281 as a permanent medication are randomised equally to perioperative continuation or discontinuation of @entity1281 . @entity1 who are randomised in the discontinuation group stop the administration of @entity1281 five days prior to surgical treatment and start intake of @entity1281 on postoperative day 5. Fifty-two @entity1 will be enrolled in this trial. The primary outcome is the incidence of @entity86 and cardiovascular events at 30 days after surgery. In addition a set of general as well as surgical variables are analysed. DISCUSSION: This is a randomised controlled two-group parallel trial designed to assess the safety and optimize the use of @entity1281 in the perioperative management of @entity1 undergoing general and abdominal surgery. The results of this pilot study build the basis for a confirmative randomised controlled trial that may help to clarify the use and potential risk/benefits of perioperative @entity1281 medication in @entity1 undergoing elective surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN45810007.

title: A randomised controlled trial to evaluate and optimize the use of antiplatelet agents in the perioperative management in XXXX undergoing general and abdominal surgery--the APAP trial (ISRCTN45810007).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: During the past two decades, evidence has accumulated of adaptive evolution within protein-coding genes in a variety of species. However, with the exception of @entity238 and @entity1 , little is known about the extent of adaptive evolution in noncoding DNA. Here, we study regions upstream and downstream of protein-coding genes in the @entity19 @entity17415 , a species that has a much larger effective population size (N(e)) than @entity1 . We analyze polymorphism data for 78 genes from 15 wild-caught M. @entity17415 individuals and divergence to a closely related species, Mus famulus. We find high levels of @entity377 diversity and moderate levels of selective constraint in upstream and downstream regions compared with nonsynonymous sites of protein-coding genes. From the polymorphism data, we estimate the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of new mutations and infer that most new mutations in upstream and downstream regions behave as effectively neutral and that only a small fraction is strongly negatively selected. We also estimate the fraction of substitutions that have been driven to fixation by positive selection (a) and the ratio of adaptive to neutral divergence (  (a)). We find that a for upstream and downstream regions (    10%) is much lower than a for nonsynonymous sites (    50%). However,   (a) estimates are very similar for nonsynonymous sites (    10%) and upstream and downstream regions (    5%). We conclude that negative selection operating in upstream and downstream regions of M. @entity17415 is weak and that the low values of a for upstream and downstream regions relative to nonsynonymous sites are most likely due to the presence of a higher proportion of neutrally evolving sites and not due to lower absolute rates of adaptive substitution.

title: Positive and negative selection on noncoding DNA close to protein-coding genes in wild house XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['house mouse']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity17415 :: ('10091', 'Species') :: ['m. castaneus', 'Mus musculus castaneus']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia and the application of cricoid pressure are the two most common maneuvers performed when @entity1 requiring general anesthesia are at risk of @entity358 . However, these procedures are quite elaborate and entail risks and dangers in themselves. A new disposable nasogastric balloon tube was developed to prevent the reflux of @entity356 by blocking the @entity418 with a balloon. The effectiveness of this tube was investigated in animals and healthy volunteers. In addition, we describe the initial experience with the tube during ventilation via a mask in @entity1 with an increased risk of @entity1173 . Twelve @entity1707 with a @entity616 did not show any @entity354 under six different @entity391 and regurgitation (gastric fluid filling with different volumes, head-down positioning, @entity356 before and after surgical ligation of the pyloric orifice), whereas 37 of 48 provocation maneuvers led to a reflux in eight additional @entity1707 with an unblocked @entity418 . In 26 test subjects with a @entity616 , reflux of @entity356 was not observed when @entity391 was provoked. After elimination of the @entity418 blockade, a reflux could be triggered in 24 of the 26 subjects. Among 42 @entity1 in danger of @entity1173 , anesthesia could be induced without any problems using a nasogastric balloon tube with ventilation via a mask. The present experimental findings in animals and test subjects show that the nasogastric balloon tube can prevent @entity354 under provocation of @entity391 and regurgitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Can XXXX of @entity356 be prevented by balloon occlusion of the cardia? A study with a new nasogastric tube.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'procedures to provoke vomiting']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspiration']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric contents', 'drug-induced vomiting, external gastric compression']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['blocked cardia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspiration']


abstract: KEY POINTS: Strenuous endurance exercise induces transient functional and biochemical cardiac perturbations that persist for 24-48  h. The magnitude and time-course of exercise-induced reductions in ventricular function and increases in @entity299 markers are influenced by the intensity and duration of exercise. In a @entity1 experimental model, exercise-induced reductions in ventricular strain and increases in cardiac troponin are greater, and persist for longer, when exercise is performed within the heavy- compared to moderate-intensity exercise domain, despite matching for total mechanical work. The results of the present study help us better understand the dose-response relationship between endurance exercise and acute cardiac stress/injury, a finding that has implications for the prescription of day-to-day endurance exercise regimes. ABSTRACT: Strenuous endurance exercise induces transient cardiac perturbations with ambiguous health outcomes. The present study investigated the magnitude and time-course of exercise-induced functional and biochemical cardiac perturbations by manipulating the exercise intensity-duration matrix. Echocardiograph-derived left (LV) and right (RV) @entity67 (GLS), and serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs- @entity6949 ) concentration, were examined in 10 males (age: 27      4  years; V  O2, peak : 4.0      0.8  l  @entity1009 ) before, throughout (50%, 75% and 100%), and during recovery (1, 3, 6 and 24  h) from two exercise trials. The two exercise trials consisted of 90 and 120  min of heavy- and moderate-intensity cycling, respectively, with total mechanical work matched. LVGLS decreased (P  <  0.01) during the 90  min trial only, with reductions peaking at 1  h post (pre: -19.9      0.6%; 1  h post: -18.5      0.7%) and persisting for >24  h into recovery. RVGLS decreased (P  <  0.05) during both exercise trials with reductions in the 90  min trial peaking at 1  h post (pre: -27.5      0.7%; 1  h post: -25.1      0.8%) and persisting for >24  h into recovery. Serum hs- @entity6949 increased (P  <  0.01) during both exercise trials, with concentrations peaking at 3  h post but only exceeding cardio-healthy reference limits (14  ng  l(-1) ) in the 90  min trial (pre: 4.2      2.4  ng  l(-1) ; 3  h post: 25.1      7.9  ng  l(-1) ). Exercise-induced reductions in ventricular strain and increases in @entity299 markers persist for 24  h following exercise that is typical of day-to-day endurance exercise training; however, the magnitude and time-course of this response can be altered by manipulating the intensity-duration matrix.

title: Influence of exercise intensity and duration on functional and biochemical perturbations in the XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular global longitudinal strain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: This work was undertaken to analyze the efficacy of switchback from aflibercept to ranibizumab in @entity1 with neovascular age-related @entity1020 (nAMD) who had previously switched from ranibizumab to aflibercept. METHODS: This retrospective double-center study included 45 @entity1 with nAMD who were previously treated with ranibizumab, then aflibercept, and then ranibizumab again, regardless of the number of intravitreal injections received. The primary outcome was change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measured on the Early Treatment @entity6 Study ETDRS chart before (T0) and after (T1) the switch, and 3 months after the switchback (T2). Secondary outcomes included changes in @entity2070 ( @entity2070 ) measured at T0, T1, and T2, as analyzed on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and the percentage of @entity1 gaining five letters or better. RESULTS: Forty-seven eyes of 45 @entity1 were switched back from aflibercept to ranibizumab. The mean BCVA was 67.4        13.4 at T0, 66.7        14.4 at T1, and 68.2        13.9 at T2. BCVA was significantly improved between T1 and T2 (p   =   0.0230), but not between T0 and T1 (p   =   0.5153) or between T0 and T2 (p   =   0.4248). The mean @entity2070 decreased from 317.8   m        89.6 at T0 to 306.9   m   68.0 at T1, and to 291.2   m    76.6 at T2. The decrease in @entity2070 was not statistically significant between either T0 and T1 or T1 and T2, but was significant between T0 and T2, when compared before switch and after switchback (p   =   0.0027). However, when considering eyes that received three or more consecutive intravitreal injections of aflibercept before switchback, the statistical significance between T1 and T2 was lost, although a trend towards significance remained (p   =   0.06). Thirteen eyes (27.7  %) gained five letters or more (range, 5-15 letters) after switchback. CONCLUSIONS: A short-term benefit of switchback from one anti-VEGF agent to another was observed in @entity1 with nAMD who had shown no benefit from the initial switch.

title: Short-term results of switchback from aflibercept to ranibizumab in neovascular age-related XXXX in clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['CFT', 'central foveal thickness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: The intact pancreatic islet can be destroyed by @entity137 ( @entity137 ). T cell-mediated @entity137 (CMC) might additionally be important in the pathogenesis of @entity1723 . However, in vitro alterations of islets due to CMC have so far not been demonstrated. For the evaluation of the @entity137 attack caused by @entity137 and CMC against the islets in the development of @entity1723 we used a BB @entity35 line with a high incidence of the disease (dp BB/OK). @entity137 tests were carried out on autologous and on nonsyngeneic islets with mononuclear spleen cells and serum from non-diabetic BB @entity35 of different ages. The @entity137 action of the mononuclear cells was quantified by the specific 51Cr-release from the islets after pretreatment with serum. It was found that an anti-islet @entity137 appears with a peak incidence between 40 and 60 days of age. The frequency of @entity137 in vitro was related to the incidence of @entity6 as normally observed in this @entity35 line. Furthermore, it was shown that both autologous, allogeneic and xenogeneic islets can be destroyed by mononuclear spleen cells and serum of dp BB/OK @entity35 .--The frequency and the strength of anti-islet @entity137 in vitro were higher in these dp BB/OK animals than in a control group of non- @entity6 prone BB/PhiK @entity35 . There was an association between @entity137 51Cr-release in the positive assays and a reduction in the hormone content of pancreatic islets.--This report provides evidence of cell-mediated immune damage of islets during the @entity5710 state of BB @entity35 suggesting that both CMC and @entity137 are involved in islet cell killing.

title: Cell-mediated immune reactions against islets of Langerhans in XXXX -prone BB @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'Cytotoxicity', 'antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxic', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Nineteen @entity1 with inv(16)(p13q22) or del(16) in @entity2800 are described. Eight showed inv(16)(p13q22), including one with de novo @entity3052 ( @entity10707 ) and seven with de novo @entity6040 ( @entity6040 ). Additional chromosome changes were detected in five of the cases; the most common change was trisomy 22. All but one of the de novo M2 and @entity1778 @entity1 with inv(16)(p13q22) showed initial bone marrow @entity1712 (greater than 5%) with basophilic granules. The remaining 11 showed deletion of the long arm of a chromosome no. 16 [del(16)(q22 or q23)]. Eight of the 11 were diagnosed as having @entity6130 , three transformed into an acute phase with M4 morphology; none of them gained complete remission. Two of the remaining three @entity1 with del(16) were diagnosed as having @entity1778 without marrow @entity1712 . The remaining one was a case of @entity1778 following a @entity2590 . The findings indicate that del(16) might be related to @entity6130 or @entity1778 with a prior history of @entity2590 without evidence of marrow @entity1712 . On the other hand, inv(16)(p13q22) is highly associated with de novo @entity3052 with bone marrow @entity1712 and a favorable prognosis.

title: Chromosome change at 16q22 in XXXX : clinical implication on @entity1778 @entity1 with inv(16) versus del(16).

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML especially AMML-M4']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['M4 leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6040 :: ('MESH:D015479', 'Disease') :: ['AMML-M4', 'acute myelomonocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['nonlymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity1988 on pregnancy with respect to fetal outcome, maternal complications, and lupus activity. METHODS: All pregnancies seen between 1970 and 2003 in the Lupus Clinic were evaluated for the 3 outcomes. @entity8 was defined as the presence of @entity1985 , dialysis, renal transplant, serum @entity1011 > 120 mmol/l, @entity644 , sterile @entity811 and @entity4658 , or the presence of casts. @entity2241 were evaluated in pregnancies resulting in either live births or stillbirths. Generalized estimating equations were used to test for differences in outcomes between pregnancies with and without the presence of active @entity8 . Repeated measures adjustments were made in the model for @entity2099 in the same mother. RESULTS: There were 193 pregnancies in 104 @entity1 . Of these, 81 occurred in the presence of active @entity8 during the study period, defined as 6 months prior to conception until the date of pregnancy outcome. One hundred twelve pregnancies were defined as nonrenal. No statistical difference was found in pregnancy outcome. @entity2241 were not different between the 2 groups with the exception of low birth weight and @entity600 , which were observed more frequently in the renal group. Pregnancy-induced @entity101 was more frequent in pregnancies with @entity8 . @entity1252 were also more likely to occur in pregnancies with @entity8 compared to those without. CONCLUSION: @entity1988 in pregnancy does not lead to worsened pregnancy or fetal outcomes. Active @entity8 , however, is associated with pregnancy-induced @entity101 , as well as a flare of lupus activity during pregnancy.

title: The effect of XXXX on pregnancy outcome and fetal and maternal complications.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'Renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus flares']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus nephritis', 'lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal complications']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: Heterotrophic growth with @entity948 and autotrophic growth with @entity3884 and @entity544 was entirely inhibited by @entity859 at a concentration of 0.6 mg/ml in @entity18394 ( @entity18394 ) H 16. Growth inhibition was not accompanied by a detectable uptake of the @entity2353 . @entity859 caused a rapid inhibition of protein synthesis, followed by a decrease in nucleic acid formation. Enzyme synthesis was also impared, whilst cell respiration remained uneffected. @entity32673 also caused a drastic but temporary decrease in viable cell counts. Cells incubated in presence of @entity859 and @entity948 for several days, however, were no longer susceptable to this @entity2353 . @entity859 -dependent growth inhibition turned out to be contingent upon the nature of the organic substrate. Cells growing with @entity4588 , @entity2227 or peptone were less effected than cells, growing autotrophically or with @entity948 . No inhibition was observed in @entity948 -growing cells, if @entity1522 were also present in the medium. Several other @entity2642 tested, did not show such growth inhibition, except @entity32673 , which, however, did not effect viable cell counts.

title: [ XXXX -dependent death of @entity18394 ( @entity18394 ) H 16 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine', 'Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity32673 :: ('CHEBI:16335', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosin', 'desoxyadenosine']

entities_list: @entity18394 :: ('106590', 'Species') :: ['Hydrogenomonas eutropha', 'Alcaligenes eutrophus']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine']


abstract: At hippocampal @entity28802 ( @entity28802 )-st. lucidum interneuron (SLIN) synapses, @entity10384 serves as a metaplastic switch controlling bidirectional plasticity. @entity10384 activation during high-frequency stimulation (HFS) triggers presynaptic LTD due to persistent P/Q-type @entity141 channel inhibition. However, following @entity10384 internalization HFS produces presynaptic LTP. Surprisingly, LTP is not a simple molecular reversal of @entity141 channel @entity308 . Rather, @entity10384 activation/internalization controls plasticity polarity by gating @entity268 sensitivity of release. While naive surface @entity10384 expressing @entity28802 -SLIN synapses are insensitive to @entity268 elevation, synapses that have internalized @entity10384 robustly potentiate following @entity268 increases. Moreover, @entity28802 -SLIN LTP requires adenylate cyclase (AC) and protein kinase A (PKA) activities. We also discovered an association between @entity10384 and @entity35044 , an active zone molecule required for AC/PKA-dependent presynaptic LTP. Importantly, the @entity10384 - @entity35044 interaction is regulated by @entity10384 activation, and @entity19 lacking @entity35044 are deficient in @entity28802 -SLIN LTP. We conclude that state-dependent @entity268 sensitivity controlled by @entity10384 - @entity35044 interactions underlies @entity28802 -SLIN metaplasticity.

title: State-dependent XXXX sensitivity of presynaptic function underlies metaplasticity in a hippocampal feedforward inhibitory circuit.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: Seventeen consecutive newborn and premature babies with critical @entity849 underwent a technically successful balloon valvuloplasty at our institution from March 1991 to February 1998. The only major complication was a @entity715 of the femoral vein in one @entity1 , causing no clinical problems. Four @entity1 (24%) showed a reactive infundibular obstruction after balloon valvuloplasty. The outflow tract obstruction became evident immediately after successful dilatation of the @entity338 with persistently high pressures in the right ventricle. Pathognomonic was a typical notch in the ascending part of the right ventricular pressure curve. We were unable to predict this reaction based on echocardiography or angiography. To relieve the muscular @entity3885 , we treated the first two @entity1 with i.v. @entity1169 (0.05 mg/kg over 2 min). The last 2 @entity1 received @entity7368 (0.5 mg/kg over 2 min followed by a continuous infusion with 100 micrograms/kg/min), a very short acting beta-blocker. In the medium-term follow-up, all 17 @entity1 had a very good result with only mild @entity338 . All 4 @entity1 with a reactive infundibular obstruction required no repeat intervention. In the medium-term follow-up there were no differences between these 4 @entity1 and the whole group.

title: [Incidence and treatment of reactive infundibular obstruction after balloon dilatation of critical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['subvalvar obstruction']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve regurgitation', 'pulmonary valve']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary valve stenoses']


abstract: The @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase ( @entity13300 ) has many cellular functions in vertebrates and insects that affect complex behaviors such as locomotion and foraging. The foraging (for) gene encodes a @entity13300 in @entity238 . Here, we demonstrate a function for the for gene in sensory responsiveness and nonassociative learning. Larvae of the natural variant sitter (for(s)) show less locomotor activity during feeding and have a lower @entity13300 activity than @entity26096 (for(R)) larvae. We used @entity26096 and sitter adult flies to test whether @entity13300 activity affects (1) responsiveness to @entity969 stimuli applied to the front tarsi, and (2) @entity734 of proboscis extension after repeated @entity969 stimulation. To determine whether the differences observed resulted from variation in the for gene, we also tested for(s2), a sitter mutant produced on a @entity26096 genetic background. We found that @entity26096 (for(R)) were more responsive to @entity969 than sitters (for(s) and for(s2)) at 1-, 2-, and 3-wk old. This was true for both sexes. Differences in @entity969 responsiveness between @entity26096 and sitters were greater after 2 h of food deprivation than after 24 h. Of flies with similar @entity969 responsiveness, for(R) @entity26096 showed less @entity734 and generalization of @entity734 than for(s) and for(s2) sitters. These results show that the @entity13300 encoded by for independently affects sensory responsiveness and @entity734 in @entity238 .

title: Activity of XXXX -dependent protein kinase ( @entity13300 ) affects @entity969 responsiveness and @entity734 in @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['habituation']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity6708 :: (CHEBI:16356,Chemical) :: ['cGMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent publications suggest that a subgroup of @entity1 can benefit from surgical @entity1606 (TCC) @entity3 in addition to systemic chemotherapy. We report the combined experience and outcome of @entity1 undergoing resection of TCC @entity3 at 15 uro-oncologic centers in Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 with distant metastatic TCC of the bladder or upper urinary tract underwent resection of all detectable @entity3 in 15 different German uro-oncological centers between 1991 and 2008 in an attempt to be rendered free of disease. RESULTS: The resected metastatic sites consisted of retroperitoneal lymph nodes (56.8%), distant lymph nodes (11.3%), lung (18.2%), bone (4.5%), adrenal gland (2.3%), brain (2.3%), small intestine (2.3%), and skin (2.3%). The treatment sequence included systemic chemotherapy in 35/44 (79.5%) @entity1 before and/or after surgery. Median survival times from initial diagnosis of metastatic TCC and subsequent resection were as follows: overall survival, 35 and 27 months, respectively; @entity5 -specific survival, 38 and 34 months, respectively; and progression-free survival, 19 and 15 months, respectively. Overall 5-year survival from metastasectomy for the entire cohort was 28%. Seventeen @entity1 were still alive without progression at a median follow-up time of 8 months. Seven @entity1 without disease progression survived for more than 2 years and remain free from @entity5 progression at a median of 63 months. CONCLUSION: The results in this selected cohort confirm that long-term @entity5 control and possibly cure can be achieved in a subgroup of @entity1 following surgical removal of TCC @entity3 . However, prospective data to identify @entity1 most likely to benefit from this aggressive therapeutic approach are lacking. Therefore, metastasectomy in @entity1 with disseminated TCC remains investigational and should be offered only to those with limited disease as a combined-modality approach with systemic chemotherapy.

title: [Complete resection of urothelial @entity5 XXXX with curative intent].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['removal of transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of supplementation with multivitamin and mineral on blood pressure and @entity1851 (CRP) in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity65 risk as having @entity101 , @entity4854 or @entity407 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 128 @entity28 Chinese @entity1 aged 18-55 years with @entity65 risk participated in a 26-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to four groups, and received either one tablet of high-dose multivitamin and mineral supplement ( @entity10843 ), or one tablet of low-dose @entity10843 (Low @entity10843 ), or @entity460 162 mg ( @entity460 ) or identical placebo (Placebo) daily during the study. Diastolic blood pressure ( @entity11559 ), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and serum concentrations of CRP were measured at baseline and end-trial. RESULTS: At baseline, the subjects had an average age of 42.0+/-7.1 years and BMI of 30.9+/-2.8 kg/m2. There were no significant differences between the four groups in baseline characteristics. One hundred and seventeen subjects completed the study. After 26-week supplementation, both SBP and @entity11559 were significantly lower in the @entity10843 group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). There was also a non-significant trend of lower @entity11559 at 26-week in the @entity10843 and @entity460 groups compared to baseline (p < 0.08). At 26-week, the @entity10843 group also had significantly lower serum concentrations of CRP compared with that of baseline and the placebo group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that supplementation with adequate multivitamin and mineral supplement could reduce blood pressure and serum CRP in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity65 risk.

title: Effects of supplementation with multivitamin and mineral on blood pressure and XXXX in @entity28 Chinese @entity1 with @entity65 risk.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) is a @entity74 characterized by severe @entity5714 , frequent vaso-occlusive events and @entity281 . In tropical environment, @entity1 are continuously in contact with infection agents. The present study was undertaken to measure 10 protein parameters in order to test humoral immunity, nutrition status and the relation between @entity32 and @entity2142 in @entity3458 @entity1 in 45 Congolese sickle cell @entity1 (15 females and 30 males, median age: 7 yrs) and a control group of 43 well healthy congolese group (18 females, 25 males; median age 18 yrs). Mean values for immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), nutrition proteins (albumin, transthyretin and @entity69 ) and inflammatory and @entity2142 markers (C3, @entity1851 acid and haptoglobin) were compared between two groups. Hyperstimulation of humoral immunity was observed in the @entity3458 group. Most significative difference was found with IgA (p < 0,001). Intravascular @entity2142 was illustrated by a significant decrease of the haptoglobin/A1GP ratio, and was constantly present in @entity3458 @entity1 . We also described a significative decrease (p < 0,001) of haptoglobin/A1GP ratio between @entity3458 @entity1 with inflammatory syndrom when compared to those without @entity32 . All data confirm that haemolysis is quite linked to @entity32 in @entity3458 . In addition, nutrition parameters were significantly decreased in @entity3458 group vs healthy congolese group.

title: [Protein profile in 45 Congolese XXXX with sickle cell anaemia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['Sickle cell anemia', 'SCA', 'sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['CRP, A1GP: alpha1-Glycoprotein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Symptomatic epidural fluid collection (EFC) arising as a complication of cranioplasty is underestimated and poorly described. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for development of symptomatic EFC after cranioplasty following @entity131 ( @entity131 ). METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2014, 82 cranioplasties following decompressive hemicraniectomy for @entity131 were performed by a single surgeon. Of these 82 @entity1 , 17 were excluded from this study due to complications including postoperative @entity1410 , @entity1276 , or @entity281 . Sixty-five @entity1 were divided into 2 groups based on whether they had developed symptomatic EFC: 13 @entity1 required an evacuation operation due to symptomatic EFC after cranioplasty (Group I), and 52 obtained good outcome without development of symptomatic EFC (Group II). We compared the 2 groups to identify the risk factors for symptomatic EFC according to sex, age, initial diagnosis, timing of cranioplasty, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage during cranioplasty, size of bone flap, and bone material. RESULTS: A large bone flap and CSF leakage during cranioplasty were identified as the statistically significant risk factors (p<0.05) for development of symptomatic EFC. In Group I, 11 @entity1 were treated successfully with 5 L catheter drainage, but 2 @entity1 showed recurrent EFC, eventually necessitating @entity79 . CONCLUSION: A larger skull defect and intraoperative CSF leakage are proposed to be the significant risk factors for development of symptomatic EFC. Careful attention to avoid CSF leakage during cranioplasty is needed to minimize the occurrence of EFC, especially in cases featuring a large @entity129 .

title: Symptomatic Epidural Fluid Collection Following Cranioplasty after Decompressive Craniectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial defect']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone flap removal']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) and its devastating neurodegenerative consequences have an inevitably psychological impact on @entity1 and their caregivers: however, although it would be strongly needed, there is a lack of research on the efficacy of psychological intervention. Our aim was to investigate the effect of hypnosis-based intervention on psychological and perceived physical wellbeing in @entity1 and the indirect effect on caregivers. METHODS: We recruited eight @entity746 volunteers @entity1 as a pilot sample for an hypnosis intervention and self-hypnosis training protocol lasting 1   month. @entity148 and @entity308 level was measured in @entity1 and caregivers at pre and post treatment phase. Quality of life and perceived physical symptoms changes were also investigated in @entity1 . RESULTS: One month pre-post treatment improvement in @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life was clearly clinically observed and confirmed by psychometric analyses on questionnaire data. Moreover, decreases in physical symptoms such as @entity2531 , @entity2777 , and @entity2901 were reported by our @entity1 . Improvements in caregiver psychological wellbeing, likely as a consequence of @entity1 psychological and perceived physical symptomatology improvement, were also observed. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, even if at a preliminary level, this is the first report on efficacy psychological intervention protocol on @entity746 @entity1 . The findings provide initial support for using hypnosis and self-hypnosis training to manage some @entity746 physical consequences and mainly to cope its dramatic psychological implications for @entity1 and, indirectly, for their caregivers.

title: Efficacy of hypnosis-based treatment in XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain, sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['emotional lability']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In terms of mental health and quality of life previous studies have largely failed to show long-term effects of cardiovascular risk information. Such information may still have an impact of a more subtle nature. We aimed to explore the potential impact of cardiovascular risk information on lay people's anticipations of their own longevity. METHODS: In 2002 11,284 Norwegians were invited to take part in a health survey. @entity1 (n = 6,845) received comprehensive written information about their personal risk factors for @entity65 . About six months later we selected 752 high risk and 996 low risk individuals for a cross-sectional survey. @entity1 were mailed a questionnaire and informed about the life expectancy for @entity1 and @entity1 in Norway. Subsequently they were asked whether they expected to live longer, shorter than or approximately as long as the mean figures. RESULTS: The response rate was 75% (n = 1,314). Whereas 210 respondents (16%) expected to live shorter than the mean, 198 (15%) expected to live longer. In a multivariate regression model high risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) was associated with lower anticipated longevity (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.7-3.3). Other predictors of low anticipation were use of lipid lowering drugs and a family history of @entity299 before the age of 60. Higher age, male sex, better education and good self-reported health were associated with high anticipations. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity65 risk label was only moderately associated with lay people's anticipated longevity. The majority expected to live as long as the mean, regardless of risk status.

title: Anticipated longevity among lay XXXX screened for cardiovascular risk factors: a cross-sectional questionnaire study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A large volume of data indicates that controlling @entity5 -associated angiogenesis is a promising therapy against @entity5 . However, angiogenesis is a complex process, little is known about the differential gene expression in the process of normal endothelial cell differentiation toward @entity5 vascular endothelial cells induced by @entity5 microenvironment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of @entity5 microenvironment simulated by the supernatant of esophageal squamous @entity5 cells ( @entity1 ) on normal endothelial cells (HUVECs) at the whole genome level. The gene expression profile was studied through gene ontology and signal pathway analysis. Compared with the normal HUVECs, a total of 3769  differentially expressed genes in induced HUVECs were detected, including 1609 upregulated genes and 2160  downregulated genes. Moreover, the microarray data analysis showed that 11 significant biological processes and 10  significant signaling pathways changed most, which are associated with angiogenesis and cell differentiation. According to the different expression levels in the microarrays and their functions, four differentially expressed genes involved in @entity5 angiogenesis and cell differentiation ( @entity650 , @entity7 , @entity6975 , @entity1015 ) were selected and analyzed by qRT-PCR. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the microarray data. Furthermore, we simulated the @entity5 microenvironment by @entity1 @entity418 tissue homogenate to investigate its effect on HUVECs, the qRT-PCR results indicated that the above genes were highly expressed in HUVECs after induction by @entity418 tissue homogenate. In conclusion, @entity5 microenvironment impact on normal endothelial cells differentiated toward @entity5 vascular endothelial cells, and the selected genes, which are associated with @entity5 angiogenesis, would be anti-angiogenesis targets against @entity418 .

title: Genome-wide analysis of the effect of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma on XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity250 is an established risk after pelvic surgery. Studies examining @entity458 following laparoscopic and open rectal surgery give conflicting evidence for outcomes. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of the surgical technique on functional outcomes following laparoscopic or open resection for @entity5 @entity1 in a high-volume laparoscopic unit. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent elective laparoscopic or open surgery for @entity5 between September 2006 and September 2009 were identified from a prospectively collated database. Validated standardized postal questionnaires were sent to surviving @entity1 to assess their postoperative @entity458 . The functional data were then quantified using previously validated indices of function. RESULTS: A total of 173 @entity1 were identified from the database, of whom 144 (83 %) responded to the questionnaire-based study. Seventy-eight respondents had undergone laparoscopic rectal resection (49 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 ), and 65 had an open procedure (41 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ). Both open surgery and laparoscopic surgery were associated with deterioration in urinary and sexual function. With regard to urinary function, there was no difference in the deterioration in open and laparoscopic groups in either gender. With regard to sexual function, in males one component of sexual function, namely, the incidence of successful penetration, showed @entity5122 in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.04). However, in females, laparoscopic surgery was associated with significantly better outcomes in all aspects of sexual activity, specifically sexual arousal (p = 0.005), lubrication (p = 0.001), orgasm (p = 0.04), and the incidence of @entity546 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for @entity5 is associated with significantly @entity5122 in sexual function compared with open surgery. This effect is particularly pronounced in @entity1 .

title: Urogenital function following laparoscopic and open XXXX resection: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['less deterioration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and urinary function']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual and urinary dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity2348 are still a major public health problem throughout the world. Therefore it is fundamental to understand how pathogenic bacteria interact with their @entity1 host and to develop more advanced drugs or vaccines in response to the increasing bacterial resistance. Since @entity68 is essential to bacterial survival and growth inside the host tissues, these microorganisms have developed highly efficient @entity68 -acquisition systems; the most common one involves the secretion of @entity68 chelators into the extracellular environment, known as siderophores, and the corresponding siderophore-membrane receptors or transporters responsible for the @entity68 uptake. In the past few decades, several biochemical methods and genetic screens have been employed to track down and identify these @entity68 -scavenging molecules. However, compared with the previous "static" approaches, proteomic identification is revealing far more molecules through full protein mapping and becoming more rapid and selective, leading the scientific and medical community to consider standardizing proteomic tools for clinical biomarker detection of @entity166 . In this review, we focus on @entity1 pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and discuss the importance of siderophores in their virulence and the available proteomic strategies to identify siderophore-related proteins and their expression level under different growth conditions. The promising use of siderophore antibiotics to overcome bacterial resistance and the future of proteomics in the routine clinical care are also mentioned. SIGNIFICANCE: Proteomic strategies to identify siderophore-related proteins and their expression level can be helpful to control and/or find a cure of @entity166 deseases especially if related with multidrug resistance. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight compounds produced by bacteria which can become clinical biomarkers and/or antibiotics used mainly in "Trojan @entity1641 " type strategies. Due to the above mention we think that the promising use of siderophore to overcome bacterial resistance and the future of proteomics in the routine clinical care is a hot topic that should be discussed.

title: Targeting XXXX pathogenic bacteria by siderophores: A proteomics review.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious', 'bacterial infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal paroxysmal events in sleep may be @entity4939 or @entity302 . In @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ), the unusual @entity410 features often lead to diagnostic confusion with @entity4939 ; video-electroencephalography monitoring is usually required to make the diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To examine the reliability of the clinical history in diagnosing @entity4940 , using the @entity4940 and @entity4939 (FLEP) scale. DESIGN: The FLEP scale, comprising specific questions reflecting the diagnostic features of @entity4940 and @entity4939 , was developed by an expert panel following review of the literature. It was then validated in a sample of individuals with firmly diagnosed nocturnal events. SETTING: @entity1 were recruited after appropriate diagnostic workup in tertiary sleep and @entity302 referral centers in Melbourne, Australia. @entity1 : Sixty-two @entity1 (45 males) [corrected] with paroxysmal nocturnal events. Intervention Two independent interviews were conducted in each case, with the @entity1 and a witness, by researchers blinded to the diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The diagnosis obtained from scores on the FLEP scale was compared with the confirmed diagnosis in each @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity4940 was correctly diagnosed from the FLEP score in 31 of 31 @entity1 , with a sensitivity of 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-1.00), specificity of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.73-0.97), positive predictive value of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.75-0.97), and negative predictive value of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.85-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of @entity4940 can be made reliably using the clinical features identified in the FLEP scale. This may reduce the requirement for tertiary referral and extensive inpatient monitoring.

title: Distinguishing sleep disorders from XXXX : diagnosing bumps in the night.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['Parasomnias', 'nonepileptic parasomnias', 'parasomnias']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy', 'Frontal Lobe Epilepsy', 'Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy', 'NFLE']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate radiologist performance in detection of @entity1188 on T1- and T2-weighted images, without and with the use of a @entity146 ( @entity146 ) scheme. Thirty T1-weighted and 30 T2-weighted MR images obtained from 30 @entity1 were used for assessing observer performance. These images were acquired using the fast spin-echo sequence with a 1.5-T MR imaging scanner. The group included 15 @entity1 (age range, 48-83 years; mean age, 67.2 years; 10 @entity1 and five @entity1 ) with a lacunar @entity1188 and 15 @entity1 (age range, 39-76 years; mean age, 64.0 years; eight @entity1 and seven @entity1 ) without @entity1188 . Nine radiologists participated in the study. The radiologists initially interpreted the T1- and T2-weighted images without and then with the use of @entity146 , which indicated their confidence levels regarding the presence (or absence) of @entity1188 and the most likely position of a lesion on each MR scan. The observers' performance without and with the computer output was evaluated by performing receiver operating characteristic analysis. For the nine radiologists, the mean area under the best-fit binormal receiver operating characteristic curve plotted for unit square values of radiologists who interpreted the images without and with the scheme were 0.891 and 0.937, respectively. The performance of the radiologists improved significantly when they used the computer output (p=0.032). The @entity146 scheme has potential to improve the accuracy of radiologists' performance in detection of @entity1188 .

title: Computer-aided diagnosis for detection of XXXX on MR images: ROC analysis of radiologists' performance.

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'computer-aided diagnosis']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['lacunar infarcts']


abstract: Winter squash is a vital agricultural commodity worldwide. In the Northeastern United States, the primary insect pest is the striped @entity9688 beetle, Acalymma vittatum F. Using a Blue Hubbard squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) perimeter trap crop system can reduce insecticide use by >90% in butternut squash ( @entity22157 Poir), the primary winter squash grown in this region. Despite the savings in insecticide costs, growers may be reluctant to give up field space for a perimeter crop of Blue Hubbard squash, which comprises only 5% of the winter squash market in New England as compared with 19% for buttercup squash. Finding a more marketable trap crop would lower the barrier for adoption of this system. We tested eight varieties of three species of cucurbits for attractiveness to beetles relative to Blue Hubbard and butternut squash, and chose buttercup squash as the most promising replacement. We compared the effect of a buttercup border, @entity8668 , or control (no border) on beetle numbers, herbivory, insecticide use, pollination, and pollen limitation in the main crop. We found that buttercup squash performed equally well as Blue Hubbard as a trap crop, with 97% reduction in total insecticide use compared with control fields. @entity5157 ( @entity5157 L.) and squash @entity5157 (Peponapis pruinosa Say) were the predominant pollinators, and border treatments did not affect visitation. Hand pollination did not increase reproduction or yield, indicating that natural pollination was sufficient for full yield. This study confirms the effectiveness of perimeter trap crop systems and offers growers a more marketable trap crop for managing @entity9688 beetle damage.

title: Buttercup squash provides a marketable alternative to blue hubbard as a trap crop for control of striped XXXX beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['Blue Hubbard border']

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['Honey bees', 'bees', 'Apis mellifera']

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Species) :: ['cucumber']


abstract: @entity5163 constitute one of the most important health problems worldwide, preferentially in developing countries with a morbidity of estimated 5 billion and a mortality of 5 million cases per year. @entity1 less than 5 years are particularly in danger with respect to the incidence and severity of the @entity344 . Travelers to developing countries are also at risk to develop @entity5163 ; around 30-50% of them acquire so called "travelers's @entity294 " caused by bacteria, viruses or protozoa. It has been estimated that approximately 30-70% of @entity294 are due to bacteria, of which the most frequently detected enteric pathogens are non-invasive, enterotoxigenic @entity526 (ETEC). Their exotoxins, the heat stabile (ST) and the heat labile (LT) toxins are in large part responsible for the pathogenicity of the bacteria. About 20% of cases of traveler's @entity294 are caused by LT producing ETEC. This heat labile toxin exhibits a 80% sequence homology with @entity3081 toxin. The presently available vaccine against @entity3081 (Dukoral) contains inactivated @entity1838 bacteria and the recombinant non-toxic B subunit of @entity3081 toxin. Consequently, this vaccine displays also some efficacy against @entity294 with up to 25% of travelers being protected against this disease. Rotaviruses are the leading recognized cause of @entity294 and @entity204 among @entity1 worldwide in developing and industrialized countries. Based on the high incidence of this disease two oral vaccines have been developed and will be available in Europe in 2006. Due to the impact of @entity6425 also in Austria vaccination against this disease has been already suggested in the Austrian vaccination schedules for @entity1 from 6-24 weeks of age. One of the two vaccines, Rotarix, is an attenuated monovalent vaccine with a broad cross-reactivity against the most frequent serotypes. The second one, RotaTeq, is a pentavalent attenuated vaccine containing 5 @entity1 - @entity291 reassortants. Both vaccines display 85-98% efficacy against severe @entity6425 and an excellent tolerability with no difference in side reactions to the placebo controls, particularly with respect to intussusceptions. With respect to increasing travel habits with @entity1 and small @entity1 , particularly when visiting friends and relatives, vaccination against @entity6425 will also be important in international travel.

title: Vaccines against @entity294 and XXXX - a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'diarrhoea-related illness', "traveler's diarrhoea"]

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infections', 'rotavirus disease', 'rotavirus diseases']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal disorders', 'Diarrheal diseases']

answer: @entity6425 :: (MESH:D012400,Disease) :: ['rotavirus disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that @entity1 younger than 55 years have higher hospital mortality rates after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) than age-matched @entity1 . We examined whether such mortality differences have decreased in recent years. METHODS: We investigated temporal trends in the hospital case-fatality rates of @entity583 by sex and age from June 1, 1994, through December 31, 2006. The study population included 916,380 @entity1 from the National Registry of @entity583 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity583 . RESULTS: In-hospital mortality decreased markedly between 1994 and 2006 in all @entity1 but more so in @entity1 than @entity1 . The mortality reduction in 2006 relative to 1994 was largest in @entity1 younger than 55 years (52.9%) and lowest in @entity1 younger than 55 years (33.3%). In @entity1 younger than 55 years, the absolute decrease in mortality was 3 times larger in @entity1 than @entity1 (2.7% vs 0.9%). As a result, the excess mortality in younger @entity1 (<55 years) compared with @entity1 was less pronounced in 2004-2006 (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.67) than it was in 1994-1995 (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-2.24). The sex difference in mortality decrease was lower in older @entity1 (P = .004 for the interaction among sex, age, and year). Changes in comorbidity and clinical severity features at admission accounted for more than 90% of these mortality trends. CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, @entity1 , particularly younger ones, experienced larger improvements in hospital mortality after @entity583 than @entity1 . The narrowing of the mortality gap between younger @entity1 and @entity1 is largely attributable to temporal changes in risk profiles.

title: Sex differences in mortality after XXXX : changes from 1994 to 2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To better define @entity1 appropriate for opiate management for @entity1118 . DESIGN: Retrospective study of 65 @entity1 with noncancerous @entity158 syndromes who were on or being considered for opiates and who were transitioned into a structured outpatient clinic with close monitoring and management. Noncompliance with this outpatient @entity158 management program was the primary outcome. Noncompliance was defined as (1) receipt of prescriptions from providers outside of this clinic, (2) increase in medication dosage without proper approval, (3) refusing toxicology screening on entrance into the program, (4) negative toxicology tests for prescribed medications, (5) positive toxicology tests for psychoactive medications not prescribed, or (6) discovery on toxicology tests of the presence of illicit substances. RESULTS: There were 24 cases of noncompliance (37%), with age <56 yrs old demonstrating significant (P = 0.02) association with @entity1 who were noncompliant with the outpatient program. Forty-three percent of those younger than 56 yrs were noncompliant with program, yet no @entity1 older than 56 yrs was noncompliant. Working status approached significance (P = 0.07) with those @entity1 out of work demonstrating a greater likelihood of noncompliance. There were no correlations found between other @entity1 characteristics and the level of compliance with the program. CONCLUSIONS: When considering opiates as a treatment option, @entity158 clinics should have a heightened suspicion for younger and unemployed @entity1 . Although these findings should be examined in larger studies, they suggest that nonmedical factors play a substantial role regarding success in such a structured @entity158 program.

title: Opiates for chronic XXXX syndromes: can appropriate candidates be identified for outpatient clinic management?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['opiate pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['nonmalignant pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is associated with high mortality and morbidity and is projected to be the third most common cause of @entity204 worldwide by 2020. For a variety of reasons, there is a drive to manage a greater number of individuals as outpatients. Preventing readmissions can reduce associated morbidity and subsequent healthcare costs. METHODS: The aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting the relapse of @entity1030 exacerbated @entity1 in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). This study combines data from two prospective cohort studies. @entity1 included in the study were above 18 years of age, had a previous diagnosis of @entity1030 , and presented to the @entity341 for the treatment of acute exacerbation. All the information relevant to the study was collected during the @entity1 's visit to the @entity341 . Relapse was defined as an unscheduled visit to an @entity341 or primary physician within 2 weeks of initial @entity341 visit for worsening @entity1030 symptoms. Telephone follow-up was done on all @entity1 at the end of 2 weeks. RESULTS: The cohort consists of 196 @entity1 . Relapse rate in this study was 27%. Mean respiratory rate, exacerbations in previous year, home nebulizator therapy, home @entity26 therapy, admission to intensive care or hospital ward due to @entity1030 , previous intubation and abnormal chest x- @entity16039 were associated with increased re-visit in univariate analysis. However, after multivariate analysis, exacerbations in previous year (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01-1.15) and abnormal chest X- @entity16039 (OR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.10-6.11) were still significant. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the number of @entity341 visits previous year and abnormal chest x- @entity16039 can predict the revisit of a @entity1030 exacerbated @entity1 within 14 days of an @entity341 visit.

title: The Factors Influencing Relapse in @entity1 Presenting to the Emergency Department with XXXX Exacerbation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease', 'COPD exacerbation', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']