abstract: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are frequently associated with @entity715 in the so-called @entity1701 . Together with anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ) is the main diagnostic tool for aPL detection. Since @entity4555 determination is based on the finding of prolonged clotting time in vitro, concomitant anticoagulant therapy may significantly interfere with its detection. We report a case of a @entity1 in whom recurrent aPL-related @entity715 heralded for several months the onset of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Abnormally increased in vitro clotting times at the time of the second @entity715 event led to the suspicion of the presence of @entity4555 activity. However, this latter finding was difficult to interpret since the @entity1 was already on heparin treatment at the time of our first observation. Thus, @entity4555 was assayed using a commercial kit in which a heparin neutralizer is included (Staclot @entity4555 ). Two consecutive samples from the @entity1 were compared with eight patients on anticoagulant therapy for non-aPL-related @entity715 events and 20 healthy controls. The study showed that, taking into account the concomitant anticoagulant treatment, Staclot @entity4555 was positive only in the propositus, raising the suspicion of a possible aPL-related origin of the @entity715 event. This issue was definitively confirmed in a subsequent follow-up. CONCLUSION: The present report shows that aPL-related @entity1150 can be the earliest clinical manifestation of pediatric @entity1252 , and that Staclot @entity4555 may have a role in @entity4555 detection during the course of anticoagulant treatment.

title: Recurrent antiphospholipid-related XXXX as presenting manifestation of @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant', 'LA']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic disorders', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: The change of @entity1066 size in relation to the presence of species and quantities of microorganisms was analysed in 58 @entity1 with @entity3179 , all without clinical signs of @entity281 . Microbiological samples were taken on the day of inclusion and then repeated 4 times at monthly intervals or until the @entity1066 had healed or was too small to be cultured from. There was growth of microorganisms in all @entity1066 , and the numbers were below 10(4) per mm2 of @entity1066 surface in all cases. No correlation was found between @entity1066 size change and the species and amounts of microorganisms. Sixty-nine species were isolated. @entity794 was found in 88%, @entity797 in 74%, @entity7100 and @entity8073 in 29%, and fungi in 11% of the samples. One or more obligate anaerobe species was found in 41% of the samples and in half of the @entity1066 and constituted 62% of all bacterial species. The colonising @entity1066 flora was markedly constant over time in the individual @entity1066 regardless of change in size. Resident bacterial species were found in 57 of the 58 @entity1066 . If all samples were considered, the microorganisms were associated with not more than one fifth of the variability in healing rate, as shown by linear multiple regression analysis. The same species of microorganisms were found in @entity1066 that decreased (or healed) and in those that increased in size. Although an association between the microorganisms and @entity1066 could not be ruled out in this study, there seems to be no indication for routinely performed culture in the absence of clinical signs of @entity3179 .

title: The microbial flora in XXXX without clinical signs of @entity281 . Repeated culture using a validated standardised microbiological technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8073 :: ('1260', 'Species') :: ['Peptococcus magnus']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers', 'infection in venous leg ulcers']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity7100 :: ('550', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter cloacae']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic silencers involved in maintaining cellular identity, and their deregulation can result in @entity5 . Expression of @entity3751 and @entity3752 has been studied in @entity5 tissue, but not in adjacent non-cancerous breast epithelium. Our study compares the expression of the two genes in normal breast epithelium of @entity5 @entity1 and relates it to the level of expression in the corresponding @entity5 as well as in breast epithelium of healthy @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 79 @entity5 , of which 71 @entity5 of the breast, 6 @entity1557 , and 2 DCIS were studied and compared to the reduction mammoplastic specimens of 11 healthy @entity1 . In addition there was available adjacent @entity5 free tissue for 23 of the @entity5 . The tissue samples were stored in RNAlater, RNA was isolated to create expression microarray profile. These two genes were then studied more closely first on mRNA transcription level by microarrays (Agilent 44 K) and quantitative RT-PCR (TaqMan) and then on protein expression level using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity3752 mRNA is significantly up-regulated in adjacent normal breast tissue in @entity0 @entity1 compared to normal breast tissue from noncancerous @entity1 . Conversely, mRNA transcription level of @entity3751 is lower in normal breast from @entity1 operated for @entity0 compared to breast tissue from mammoplasty. When protein expression of these two genes was evaluated, we observed that most of the epithelial cells were positive for @entity3752 in both groups of tissue samples, although the expression intensity was stronger in normal tissue from @entity5 @entity1 compared to mammoplasty tissue samples. Protein expression of @entity3751 showed inversely stronger intensity in tissue samples from mammoplasty compared to normal breast tissue from @entity1 operated for @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity3752 mRNA level is consistently increased and @entity3751 mRNA level is consistently decreased in adjacent normal breast tissue of @entity5 @entity1 as compared to normal breast tissue in @entity1 having had reduction mammoplasties. @entity3752 / @entity3751 ratio can be potentially used as a tool for stratifying @entity1 at risk of developing @entity5 .

title: Expression of @entity3752 and @entity3751 in breast tissue--a diagnostic marker in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity5 size seems to be one of the primary prognostic factors that influence outcome in @entity788 @entity1 . This finding is reflected in both the Japanese and the International Union against @entity5 (UICC) staging systems, in which T categories have a major influence on stage grouping. To investigate whether small @entity5 size is a prognostic indicator in @entity1 with @entity3123 , we evaluated (in a prospective study) @entity1 with a small @entity788 , categorized as T1a (<2 cm) or T1b (<4 cm) @entity5 according to the UICC (1997). @entity1 AND RESULTS: Of 670 treated @entity1 with pan-creatic @entity5 , 26 (3.8%) had a small @entity788 (20 T1b; 6 T1a), Twenty-one @entity1 were treated by pylorus-preserving duodenopancreatectomy, 4 @entity1 re-ceived a left pancreatic resection, and 1 @entity1 underwent a total pancreatectomy. All procedures included extensive soft tissue clearance. Local growth pattern was analyzed according to the @entity788 ( @entity788 ) criteria for @entity788 , i.e., lymph node involvement - N1 (limited to group 1 nodes) was found in 6/26 @entity1 . Serosal infiltration - S1 (single area) was found in 6/26 and S2 (multiple areas) in 6/26; S3 (infiltration to adjacent organs) was found in 1/26. Retroperitoneal infiltration - @entity10290 (adjacent to the pancreas) was found in 7/26 and @entity10289 (not limited to adjacent tissues, but no other organs involved) was found in 3/26. @entity1211 (Pv2) was found in 1/26. The 5- and 10-year survival rate for the 26 @entity1 was 46%. Interestingly, the T1a @entity5 @entity1 had a significantly lower 5 year survival rate than the T1b @entity1 (32% vs 58%; P < 0.05). Of prognostic relevance was lymph node @entity3 , and retroperitoneal and serosal involvement and these @entity1 had a significantly lower 5-year survival rate than those without such involvement regardless of @entity5 size (P < 0. 01). CONCLUSIONS: An overall 5-year survival rate of 46% is exceptionally good. Unfortunately, among @entity788 @entity1 those with a small @entity189 represent a highly selected group, representing less than 5% in our series. Interestingly @entity5 size is of less prognostic relevance than lymph node, retroperitoneal, and serosal involvement. Radical resection with extensive soft tissue clearance therefore seems essential to achieve such a high survival rate.

title: Small XXXX . Factors of prognostic relevance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Japan Pancreas Society', 'JPS', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous involvement']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Local recurrence is rare after radical nephrectomy for clinically localized @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Aggressive open surgical resection of isolated local recurrence has been shown to offer durable local control and potential improvement in @entity5 -specific survival. The objective of this study is to assess early outcomes on a select group of @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic resection of isolated local recurrence after radical nephrectomy for clinically localized @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The perioperative and clinical outcomes of four @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic resection of local recurrence between 2007 and 2009 by a single surgeon were reviewed. RESULTS: Two @entity1 underwent resection of ipsilateral adrenal recurrence while the remaining two underwent resection of recurrence in retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The mean age of @entity1 was 57 years (44-66 y), all had @entity5 with clear-cell histology, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0. The mean recurrence size was 5 cm (3-7 cm). All surgical margins were negative. Mean operative time was 195 minutes (170-210 min), and mean estimated @entity190 was 187 mL (100-250 mL). No @entity1 needed blood transfusion. Mean length of stay was 2.5 days (2-3 d). At a mean follow-up of 12 months (2-26 mos), 1 @entity1 experienced further recurrence. All @entity1 are alive, and three have no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive surgical resection of isolated local recurrence of @entity1358 after radical nephrectomy with curative intent may be beneficial and has traditionally been performed using open surgery. In our limited experience, a laparoscopic approach may be used in selected @entity1 with small well-circumscribed recurrences with low morbidity and excellent short-term outcomes.

title: Laparoscopic resection of local recurrence after previous radical nephrectomy for clinically localized XXXX : perioperative outcomes and initial observations.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal-cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal-cell carcinoma']


abstract: Although circulating DNA (ctDNA) could be an attractive tool for early @entity5 detection, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring or prediction of response to therapies, knowledge on its origin, form and rate of release is poor and often contradictory. Here, we describe an experimental system to systematically examine these aspects. @entity19 were xenografted with @entity1 HT29 or SW620 @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cells and ctDNA was analyzed by Q-PCR with highly specific and sensitive primer sets at different times post-graft. We could discriminate ctDNA from normal ( @entity19 ) cells and from mutated and non-mutated @entity5 ( @entity1 ) cells by using species-specific @entity984 or @entity23031 primers and by assessing the presence of the @entity817 @entity8554 mutation. The concentration of @entity1 (mutated and non-mutated) ctDNA increased significantly with @entity5 growth. Conversely, and differently from previous studies, low, constant level of @entity19 ctDNA was observed, thus facilitating the study of mutated and non-mutated @entity5 derived ctDNA. Finally, analysis of ctDNA fragmentation confirmed the predominance of low-size fragments among @entity5 ctDNA from @entity19 with bigger @entity5 . Higher ctDNA fragmentation was also observed in plasma samples from three metastatic @entity14 @entity1 in comparison to healthy individuals. Our data confirm the predominance of mononucleosome-derived fragments in plasma from xenografted animals and, as a consequence, of apoptosis as a source of ctDNA, in particular for @entity5 -derived ctDNA. Altogether, our results suggest that ctDNA features vary during @entity14 development and our experimental system might be a useful tool to follow such variations.

title: Origin and quantification of circulating DNA in @entity19 with @entity1 XXXX xenografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'Nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'CRC tumor', 'colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that statins will acutely inhibit @entity1423 formation, intravenous @entity5753 was assessed in our well-characterized porcine @entity130 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: The first carotid artery was crush-injured and harvested after 30 minutes. @entity1707 then received intravenous @entity5753 (100 microg/kg bolus+100 microg/kg/h infusion, n=6) or saline (n=11) before injury of the second carotid artery. @entity715 size was quantified by scintillation detection of autologous (111)In-platelets. Sequential @entity130 produced a @entity715 more than 50% greater in volume in the second (3149+/-2053 x 10(6)/cm(2)) relative to the first injured artery (2081+/-1552 x 10(6)/cm(2); P=0.04) in control @entity1707 . This augmentation was inhibited by intravenous @entity5753 which acutely reduced platelet deposition (944+/-246 x 10(6)/cm(2)) relative to saline control (P=0.02). Flow chamber closure times increased on average by 2.45-fold in response to whole blood @entity5753 incubation. @entity5753 (P<0.05) and @entity3413 (P<0.05) reduced platelet dense granule secretion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential arterial injury augments the @entity715 response suggesting that the propensity for arterial @entity715 is at least partially acquired. This @entity715 can be acutely attenuated by intravenous @entity5753 which may result from a pleiotropic impact on platelet function. These results appear to be a class effect of @entity2453 reductase inhibitors.

title: Inhibition of platelet-rich arterial @entity715 in vivo: acute antithrombotic effect of intravenous XXXX reductase therapy.

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet thrombus']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic augmentation', 'thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombus', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['carotid injury']

answer: @entity2453 :: (MESH:C008047,Chemical) :: ['HMG-CoA']


abstract: The catalytic sector, F1, and the membrane sector, F0, of the mitochondrial @entity855 synthase complex are joined together by a 45-A-long stalk. Knowledge of the composition and structure of the stalk is crucial to investigating the mechanism of conformational energy transfer between F0 and F1. This paper reports on the near neighbor relationships of the stalk subunits with one another and with the subunits of F1 and F0, as revealed by cross-linking experiments. The preparations subjected to cross-linking were @entity291 heart submitochondrial particles (SMP) and @entity942 SMP. The cross-linkers were three reagents of different chemical specificities and different lengths of cross-linking from zero to 10 A. @entity2915 were identified after gel electrophoresis of the particles and immunoblotting with subunit-specific antibodies to the individual subunits alpha, beta, gamma, delta, @entity3898 , F6, A6L, a (subunit 6), b, c, and d. The results suggested that the two b subunits form the principal stem of the stalk to which @entity3898 , d, and F6 are bound independent of one another. Subunits b, @entity3898 , d, and F6 cross-linked to alpha and/or beta, but not to gamma or delta. The @entity1473 -terminal half of A6L, which is extramembranous, cross-linked to d but not to any other stalk or F1 subunit. No cross-links of subunits a and c with any stalk or F1 subunits were detected. In @entity942 SMP, cross-linked b+b and d+F6 dimers appeared, and the extent of cross-linking between b and @entity3898 diminished greatly. The addition of F1 to @entity942 particles appeared to reverse these changes. Treatment of @entity942 particles with trypsin rapidly hydrolyzed away @entity3898 and F6, fragmented b to membrane-bound 18-, 12-, and 8-9-kDa antigenic fragments, which cross-linked to d and/or with one another. Trypsin also removed the @entity1473 -terminal part of A6L, but the remainder still cross-linked to subunit d. Models showing the near neighbor relationships of the stalk subunits with one another and with the alpha and beta subunits at a level near the proximal end (bottom) of F1 and at the membrane-matrix interface are presented.

title: @entity855 synthase complex. Proximities of subunits in XXXX submitochondrial particles.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-linked products']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['F1-deficient']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity462 cathepsins play an important role in shaping the highly infiltrative growth pattern of @entity1 @entity11 . We have previously demonstrated that the activity of @entity462 cathepsins is elevated in invasive @entity463 ( @entity463 ) cells in vitro, in part due to attenuation of their endogenous inhibitors, the @entity464 . To investigate this relationship in vivo, we established U87-MG xenografts in non-obese @entity6 (NOD)/severe @entity465 ( @entity466 )-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) @entity19 . Here, @entity5 growth correlated with an elevated enzymatic activity of @entity467 both in the @entity5 core and at the periphery, whereas @entity468 and CatL levels were higher at the xenograft edge compared to the core. Reversely, StefB expression was detected in the @entity5 core, but it was generally absent in the @entity5 periphery, suggesting that down-regulation of this inhibitor correlates with in vivo invasion. In @entity1 @entity463 samples, all cathepsins were elevated at the @entity5 periphery compared to brain parenchyma. @entity467 was also typically associated with angiogenic endothelia and @entity39 areas. StefB was mainly detected in the @entity5 core, whereas CysC and StefA were evenly distributed, reflecting the observations in the xenografts. However, at the mRNA level, no differences in cathepsins and @entity464 were observed between the @entity5 center and the periphery in both @entity1 biopsies and xenografts. Interestingly, in @entity1 @entity5 , cathepsin and stefin transcript levels correlated with @entity469 and @entity436 levels, but not with @entity470 ( @entity470 ). Moreover, we reveal for the first time that an elevated StefA mRNA level is a highly significant prognostic factor for @entity1 survival.

title: The regulation of @entity462 cathepsins and @entity464 in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['Cysteine', 'cysteine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity464 :: ('MESH:D055333', 'Chemical') :: ['cystatins']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'GBM']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Inflammation is created by the movement of leukocytes toward soluble attractants (chemokines). The aim of this study was to identify the chemokines that attract intestinal lymphocytes. METHODS: Intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes were isolated from @entity1 jejunal mucosa of healthy individuals and cultured in interleukin (IL) 2 for 3 days. Migration was assessed using the Boyden transwell assay. Increases in cytoplasmic @entity460 ion concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) were measured from changes in fluorescence in @entity593 -loaded lymphocytes on exposure to the cytokines. RESULTS: A large number of intraepithelial lymphocytes migrated toward @entity687 and @entity5737 (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), and a small number migrated toward @entity688 . In contrast, only a few lamina propria lymphocytes migrated toward @entity687 , and none responded to the other chemokines tested. The chemokines @entity687 and @entity688 , but not @entity5737 , increased [ @entity141 ]i in intraepithelial lymphocytes; this @entity460 mobilization was not affected by @entity4526 , indicating that @entity460 is released from intracellular sources. None of the factors caused @entity460 mobilization by lamina propria lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that intraepithelial lymphocytes have greater migratory and @entity460 -mobilizing activity than lamina propria lymphocytes and that these two activities do not correlate with each other.

title: XXXX intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes have potent chemotactic activity.

entities_list: @entity4526 :: ('CHEBI:30740', 'Chemical') :: ["ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid"]

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Therapeutic interventions that block the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) have an important role in slowing the progression of cardiovascular risk actors to established @entity65 . In recent years, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have emerged as effective and well-tolerated alternatives to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) for RAAS blockade. The ARB @entity1564 was initially established as an effective once-daily antihypertensive treatment, providing 24-h blood pressure (BP) control with a trough:peak ratio close to 100%. SCOPE: A Medline literature search was undertaken to identify randomised, controlled trials that examined the efficacy and cardiovascular outcomes associated with @entity1564 cilexetil in @entity101 and @entity712 ( @entity712 ). FINDINGS: Compared with other ARBs, @entity1564 demonstrates the strongest binding affinity to the @entity7743 . Clinical trials have demonstrated that @entity1564 is well tolerated in combination with diuretics or @entity460 channel blockers (CCBs), making it a suitable treatment option for @entity1 whose @entity101 is not adequately controlled by monotherapy. Subsequently, @entity1564 became the only ARB licensed in the UK to treat @entity1 with @entity712 and left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 40% as add-on therapy to an ACEi or when an ACEi is not tolerated. Studies in @entity1 with symptomatic HF have indicated that @entity1564 treatment was associated with significant relative risk reductions in @entity65 and hospitalisation due to @entity712 . CONCLUSIONS: There are clear indications that the clinical benefits of @entity1564 may extend beyond its proven antihypertensive effects to a wider range of complications across the cardiovascular continuum, including @entity6 , left @entity123 , @entity731 and @entity64 . Such results suggest that @entity1564 treatment may offer significant @entity1 benefits as well as practical advantages over conventional treatment.

title: Candesartan cilexetil--a review of effects on @entity65 in XXXX and @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were isolated from the perfusate of @entity35 livers infused with a complex of @entity3952 bound to bovine serum albumin. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, bile flow, histopathology, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that secretory functions but not morphologic integrity of the livers were maintained during the procedure. Plasma VLDL and liver perfusate VLDL did not have similar size distribution. VLDL isolated from recycling perfusate and single pass perfusate were also subfractionated with concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Three subfractions were eluted sequentially from the perfusate VLDL: a non-adherent fraction A and two adherent fractions B and C. The size of these VLDL, determined after negative staining and examination by transmission electron microscopy, was significantly decreased by affinity chromatography. VLDL in fractions A, B and C were spherical and had diameters of 935 +/- 17, 881 +/- 34 and 415 +/- 30 A respectively. Fraction A, which did not adhere to the column, contained 65% of the lipid applied to the column. The @entity1735 composition of fraction A VLDL was 11.2 +/- 0.6% @entity3953 , 14.7 +/- 1.2% @entity3649 , 43.7 +/- 2.3% @entity3954 , and 30.5 +/- 1.9% @entity3167 . Sugars such as @entity413 and @entity3913 , which bind to concanavalin A, were not detected. In contrast, VLDL fractions B and C, which adhered to the column, contained both @entity413 (17.7 and 2.5%) and @entity3913 (5.8 and 8.3%) as well as the other @entity3363 present in VLDL fraction A. @entity3208 gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the affinity column procedure clearly altered the apolipoprotein patterns of the applied VLDL, thereby producing abnormal fractions B and C. Fractions B and C also differed from unfractionated VLDL and fraction A VLDL in lipid composition, in surface/interior core lipid ratio, and in @entity844 composition of the interior core lipids, primarily @entity1674 . The steady-state anisotropy, the limiting anisotropy and the lipid order parameter of fluorescence probe molecules @entity3955 and @entity3956 incorporated into the VLDL were of the following order: fraction B greater than fraction A greater than fraction C. These results are consistent with the interpretation that concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography may artificially produce a series of VLDL subfractions whose composition and structural properties do not resemble those of native VLDL.

title: Composition and properties of very low density lipoproteins secreted by the perfused XXXX liver and subfractionated by affinity chromatography.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity3956 :: ('CHEBI:32410', 'Chemical') :: ['trans-parinaric acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We cultured (5 days) @entity35 alveolar epithelial cells to investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPk) signaling in ventilator induced @entity409 . Cells were stretched to a magnitude of 12% or 37% change in surface area at a rate of 0.25 Hz with and without pretreatment with either the @entity6336 inhibitor @entity4287 or the @entity2509 inhibitor @entity5732 . Following stretch (0, 10, 30, or 60 min), MAPk phosphorylation was examined, monolayer permeability to the uncharged tracer @entity12311 measured (0, 10, 60 min of stretch), and @entity659 expression determined (0 and 60 min of stretch). Stretch to 12%, previously shown not to increase monolayer permeability, did not alter phosphorylation of any MAPk or @entity659 expression at any time point. Following stretch to 37%, phosphorylation of @entity6336 , @entity2509 , and @entity12220 was significantly higher by 10 minutes than in unstretched monolayers. Phosphorylation of @entity6336 and @entity12220 subsided as stretch continued, and by 30 minutes returned to unstretched levels. Phosphorylation of @entity2509 remained significantly elevated compared to unstretched levels at all stretch durations. Epithelial permeability increased significantly by 10 minutes of stretch compared to unstretched controls, with further significant increases by 60 minutes. Inhibition with @entity5732 and @entity4287 prevented stretch-induced phosphorylation increases of @entity2509 and @entity6336 , respectively, however neither prevented increases in permeability following 10 minutes. Separately, inhibition of @entity6336 or @entity2509 prevented subsequent additional permeability increases as stretch continued to 60 minute time points. Inhibition of @entity6336 , not @entity2509 , prevented loss of @entity659 , and minimized loss of cell-cell contact following 60 minutes of stretch. These data suggest that stretch-induced @entity6336 signaling modulates epithelial permeability through regulation tight junction protein expression, and is a potential target for clinical treatments during mechanical ventilation.

title: MAPK activation modulates permeability of isolated XXXX alveolar epithelial cell monolayers following cyclic stretch.

entities_list: @entity12311 :: ('MESH:C024098', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxyfluorescein']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial barrier dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The recent 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults from the Eight Joint National Committee Panel may significantly affect the aging US population. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of black and white @entity1 in @entity731 Risk in Communities who participated in the fifth study visit (2011-2013). Sitting blood pressure was calculated from the average of 3 successive readings taken after a 5-minute rest. Currently, prescribed antihypertensive medications were recorded by reviewing medication containers brought to the visit. Blood pressure control was defined using both the Seventh and Eighth Joint National Committee thresholds. Of 6088 @entity1 (mean age, 75.6 [range, 66-90] years, 58.4% @entity1 ; 23.2% black), 54.9% had either @entity6 or @entity740 . The prevalence of @entity101 according to Seventh Joint National Committee thresholds was 81.9%, and 62.8% of the entire sample were at blood pressure goal. Using the Eighth Joint National Committee thresholds, 79.4% were at blood pressure goal (16.6% were reclassified as at-goal). Reclassification was higher for individuals with @entity6 or @entity740 (20.6%) when compared with individuals without either condition (11.6%). The use of antihypertensive medications in our cohort was high, with 75.0% prescribed at least 1 antihypertensive medication and 46.7% on >= 2 antihypertensive agents. In conclusion, in a US cohort of aging white and black individuals,    1 in 6 individuals were reclassified as having blood pressure at goal by Eighth Joint National Committee guidelines. Despite these less aggressive goals, >20% remain uncontrolled by the new criteria.

title: Implications of the Eighth Joint National Committee Guidelines for the Management of High Blood Pressure for Aging Adults: XXXX Risk in Communities Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Chronically homeless adults with severe @entity1032 are heavy users of costly inpatient and emergency @entity146 services. Full-service partnerships (FSPs) provide housing and engage clients in treatment. OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in recovery outcomes, mental health service use and costs, and quality of life associated with participation in FSPs. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental, difference-in-difference design with a propensity score-matched control group was used to compare mental health service use and costs of FSP with public mental health services. Recovery outcomes were compared before and after services use, and quality of life was compared cross-sectionally. SETTING: San Diego County, California, from October 2005 through June 2008. @entity1 : Two hundred nine FSP clients and 154 clients receiving public mental health services. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recovery outcomes (housing, financial support, and employment), mental health service use (use of outpatient, inpatient, emergency, and justice system services), and mental health services and housing costs from the perspective of the public mental health system. RESULTS: Among FSP @entity1 , the mean number of days spent homeless per year declined 129 days from 191 to 62 days; the probability of receiving inpatient, emergency, and justice system services declined by 14, 32, and 17 percentage points, respectively; and outpatient mental health visits increased by 78 visits (P < .001 each). Outpatient costs increased by  9180; inpatient costs declined by  6882; emergency service costs declined by  1721; jail mental health services costs declined by  1641; and housing costs increased by  3180 (P < .003 each). Quality of life was greater among FSP clients than among homeless clients receiving services in outpatient programs. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in an FSP was associated with substantial increases in outpatient services and days spent in housing. Reductions in costs of @entity341 offset 82% of the cost of the FSP.

title: Effect of full-service partnerships on homelessness, use and costs of mental health services, and quality of life among adults with serious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['inpatient/emergency and justice system services']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: The aim of this study was to demonstrate that total hemodynamic evaluation of @entity1 with @entity337 can be performed on an outpatient basis by combining right heart catheterization with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Thirteen @entity1 with severe @entity337 were catheterized as outpatients, without premedication. The pulmonary artery was entered percutaneously through the femoral vein. Cardiac output and @entity64 volume were measured by the indicator dilution method by injection into the inferior vena cava and sampling from the pulmonary artery. The regurgitant fraction was obtained by subtracting the indicator @entity64 volume from the angiographic left @entity64 . The following results are expressed as mean +/- SD. Ejection fraction (%) = 54 +/- 6; end diastolic volume index (ml) = 228 +/- 40; end systolic volume index (ml) = 198 +/- 51 and regurgitant fraction (%) = 59 +/- 7 while the pulmonary wedge pressure (mmHg) = 10 +/- 3. In 4 cases, comparison with recent catheterization data showed good agreement for all parameters (r = 0.90), except ejection fraction (r = 0.75). In conclusion, this simplified catheterization method using digital subtraction enables the procedure to be done on an outpatient basis. All essential hemodynamic data can be obtained by right heart catheterization.

title: Complete hemodynamic evaluation of @entity1 with XXXX by outpatient right heart catheterization and digital subtraction angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ventricular stroke volume']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity19372 ( @entity19372 ) is a rare @entity8 characterized by @entity154 of precalyceal ducts, @entity11604 , @entity1290 , and @entity409 . Its association with various @entity600 and cases of @entity1423 supports the conviction that genetic factors are involved, but no genetic studies have been conducted to date. It is hypothesized that @entity19372 is due to a disruption at the "ureteric bud/metanephric blastema" interface caused by critical developmental genes functioning abnormally. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Fifty-five apparently sporadic @entity19372 @entity1 were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing of all exons and exon-intron boundaries of @entity6352 ( @entity6352 ) gene and @entity8958 ( @entity8958 ) gene, which have a leading role in renal development. RESULTS: Two novel variants were found in heterozygosity in the @entity19372 case population: @entity6352 {ENST00000344622}: @entity19373 and @entity19374 in a putative binding domain for @entity5449 transcription factor. As a whole, eight @entity1 showed these variations: four @entity1 carried the @entity19373 ; @entity19374 ] complex allele, and the others had the @entity19374 alone. A case-control study revealed that these two alleles were significantly associated with @entity19372 . Five of the eight cases were found to be familial, and the allele variants cosegregated with the disease in a seemingly dominant pattern of inheritance. @entity1 revealed no mutations in the @entity8958 gene. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report identifying @entity6352 gene sequence variations in @entity1 with @entity19372 and suggesting a role for this gene in the pathogenesis of some cases of the disease.

title: Identification of @entity6352 gene sequence variations in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cystic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity8958 :: ('5979', 'Gene') :: ['rearranged during transfection', 'RET']

entities_list: @entity19372 :: ('MESH:D007691', 'Disease') :: ['MSK', 'Medullary sponge kidney']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['familial aggregation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['tubule dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['medullary sponge kidney disease']


abstract: The serum concentrations of @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) and @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ) were determined in 230 subjects of the Italian general population. @entity1 were enrolled in 2008 in two Italian towns (Brescia, Northern Italy, and Rome, Central Italy) and belonged to the three age ranges: 20-35 years, 36-50 years, and 51-65 years. @entity14912 and @entity2207 were quantified by HPLC interfaced to a mass spectrometer operating in the electrospray negative mode. Data were acquired using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The isotope dilution technique was applied throughout. The median serum concentrations of all @entity1 were 6.31 ng g(-1) and 3.59 ng g(-1) for @entity14912 and @entity2207 , respectively, and the pertinent 90th percentiles were 12.38 and 6.92. @entity1 had higher concentrations of @entity14912 and @entity2207 than @entity1 , regardless of age. The differences were statistically significant in the 20-35 and 36-50 years groups, but not in the 51-65 group. An increase of @entity14912 and @entity2207 serum concentrations with age was observed. The Median test showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) between the three age groups for both @entity14912 and @entity2207 when applied to the entire dataset (males and females). When the test was applied to the groups of males and females separately, a significant difference was observed for females (p<0.005) but not for males (p>0.1). The observed strong correlation between @entity14912 and @entity2207 concentrations suggests same or similar exposure routes.

title: XXXX and @entity2206 exposures of the Italian general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanesulfonate']

answer: @entity14911 :: (MESH:C076994,Chemical) :: ['Perfluorooctanesulfonate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exendin-4 is now considered as a promising drug for the treatment of @entity2806 . To determine the neuroprotective effects of intranasal exendin-4, C57BL/6J @entity19 were intranasally administered with exendin-4 daily for 7  days before @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) surgery. Intranasally administered exendin-4 produced higher brain concentrations and lower plasma concentrations when compared to identical doses administered interperitoneally. @entity51 and volume of @entity4798 were analyzed 24  h after @entity63 . Intranasal administration of exendin-4 exhibited significant neuroprotection in C57BL/6 @entity19 subjected to @entity2500 by reducing neurological deficit scores and @entity1188 volume. The neuroprotective effects of exendin-4 were blocked by the knockdown of @entity15984 with shRNA. However, exendin-4 has no impact on @entity413 and insulin levels which indicated that the neuroprotective effect was mediated by the activation of @entity15984 in the brain. Exendin-4 intranasal administration restored the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and decreased the expression of @entity185 . The anti-apoptotic effect was mediated by the @entity268 /PKA and @entity3115 / @entity1994 pathway. These findings provided evidence that exendin-4 intranasal administration exerted a neuroprotective effect mediated by an anti-apoptotic mechanism in @entity2500 @entity19 and protected neurons against @entity63 through the @entity15984 pathway in the brain. Intranasal delivery of exendin-4 might be a promising strategy for the treatment of @entity385 .

title: Intranasal Delivery of Exendin-4 Confers Neuroprotective Effect Against XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted lesions']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Ischemia']


abstract: In a retrospective study we calculated the costs of introducing autologous BMT in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity706 and @entity1778 in The Netherlands. The cost analysis has been performed in five university hospitals and one @entity5 centre, in a series of @entity1 with intermediate and high grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity1 with @entity3052 . Conventional treatment consisted of chemotherapy. The average costs of the conventional @entity1893 treatment varied from US 3120 to U 12,900. The costs of autologous BMT amounted to US 40,220. In the @entity3052 group the costs of conventional treatment amounted to about US 11,040, as only 50% of the @entity1 were treated further. The costs of autologous BMT including a follow-up period of 2 years, amounted to US 55,440. In The Netherlands the total number of autologous BMTs per year in these @entity1 groups was estimated at 230; 180 in the @entity1893 group and 50 in the @entity3052 group. The costs of introducing autologous BMT to the @entity1893 group will vary between 4.93 and 6.68 million dollars and for the @entity3052 group these costs were estimated at 2.22 million dollars. As a result, the total extra costs of introducing autologous BMTs are expected to be between 7.15 and 8.9 million dollars.

title: Costs of introducing autologous BMT in the treatment of @entity706 and XXXX in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['acute leukaemia']


abstract: The therapeutic effects of the low and high affinity mAbs 17-1A and 323/A3 were investigated in @entity19 xenografted with LS 180 @entity1 @entity14 cells. Treatment of @entity19 grafted with dispersed @entity5 cells, before formation of a @entity5 nodule, was started 1 day after s.c. injection of @entity5 cells and consisted of a single i.p. injection of @entity19 17-1A or 323/A3 mAb. @entity5 appearance after a single injection of either 17-1A or 323/A3 was delayed as compared to injection of an irrelevant mAb. Both 17-1A and 323/A3 reduced the @entity5 growth rate, and both mAbs decreased the total number of @entity19 that eventually developed a @entity5 . In all experiments, 323/A3 showed consistently better treatment effects on xenografted @entity19 than mAb 17-1A. For treatment of @entity5 with mAb 17-1A or 323/A3 therapy was delayed until a @entity5 nodule was macroscopically detectable. One single i.p. injection of mAb 17-1A had no effect on further @entity5 growth and mean @entity5 size as compared to the control group injected with irrelevant mAb. One single i.p. injection with mAb 323/A3 reduced the @entity5 growth rate in some @entity19 with @entity5 and resulted in a significant difference of mean @entity5 size of this group as compared to the 17-1A treated @entity19 and the control groups. Multiple injections with mAb 17-1A also had no effects on @entity5 , in contrast to mAb 323/A3, where serial injections resulted in @entity5 growth reduction and, eventually, in some @entity19 reduction in @entity5 size. In summary, we showed that in @entity19 mAb 323/A3 (Ka = 2 x 10(9) M-1) is much more potent than mAb 17-1A (Ka = 5 x 10(7) M-1) in eradication of nonestablished @entity5 cells and treatment of small @entity5 . These results suggest that high affinity mAbs like 323/A3 might dramatically improve the clinical results obtained thus far with the low affinity mAb 17-1A in the adjuvant treatment of surgically resected Dukes C @entity14 @entity1 with @entity41 .

title: Immunotherapy with low and high affinity monoclonal antibodies 17-1A and 323/A3 in a nude XXXX xenograft carcinoma model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['established tumors', 'tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ), which is widely used to treat @entity302 , @entity2704 , and @entity162 , can causes severe @entity3263 . However, the mechanism responsible for this adverse effect is not readily apparent. We previously reported that @entity3174 coadministration is a strong risk factor for the development of @entity3263 during @entity3262 -based therapy. In this study, we focused on @entity3264 synthetase, which catalyzes the synthesis of @entity3264 from @entity3264 and @entity3265 and examined the association with the development of @entity3263 during @entity3262 -based therapy. METHODS: For this study, we recruited 202 Japanese pediatric @entity1 having @entity302 . We selected three polymorphisms ( @entity3266 , @entity3267 , and @entity3268 ) in the @entity3264 synthetase ( @entity3269 ) gene. @entity3263 was defined as a plasma @entity3265 level exceeding 200 or 170 g/dL. We evaluated the association between the development of @entity3263 during @entity3262 -based therapy and the @entity1 characteristics, including three @entity3269 polymorphisms. RESULTS: The number of @entity1 who developed @entity3263 during @entity3262 -based therapy was 20 (9.9%) using the 200 g/dL cutoff value and 30 (14.9%) using the 170 g/dL cutoff value. Using a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the @entity3269 @entity3267 polymorphism and @entity3174 coadministration in the 200 g/dL cutoff value, and female in addition to two factors in the 170 g/dL cutoff value, had significant associations with a plasma @entity3265 level elevation during @entity3262 -based therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity3174 coadministration, @entity3269 @entity3267 polymorphism in the 200 g/dL cutoff value, and female in addition to two factors in the 170 g/dL cutoff value, are independent risk factors for elevated plasma @entity3265 levels during @entity3262 -based therapy.

title: Influence of @entity3264 synthetase gene polymorphisms on the development of XXXX during @entity1092 -based therapy.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine', 'glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperammonemia', 'hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity3263 :: (MESH:D022124,Disease) :: ['hyperammonemia']


abstract: Eighty-six @entity1 admitted with evolving @entity583 within 6 hours of symptom onset were treated with streptokinase. Thirty-nine received intracoronary streptokinase, and 47 received intravenous streptokinase. There were no streptokinase-related complications. Twenty-three @entity1 treated with intracoronary streptokinase and 28 @entity1 receiving intravenous streptokinase underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. On admission, 16 @entity1 receiving intracoronary streptokinase had electrocardiographic evidence of anterolateral evolving @entity583 and seven had evidence of inferior evolving @entity583 . Time from first symptom to intracoronary streptokinase was 4.4 +/- 1.6 hours. In seven @entity1 , intracoronary streptokinase failed to open the obstructed coronary. All developed severe @entity1002 in the area supplied by that coronary artery. In spite of recanalization, nine of 14 @entity1 developed severe @entity2845 in the supplied area, and one an apical @entity439 . Four @entity1 developed mild to moderate @entity2845 , and one had no left @entity16 . On admission, 14 @entity1 receiving intravenous streptokinase had electrocardiographic evidence of anterolateral evolving @entity583 and four had evidence of inferior evolving @entity583 . Time from first symptom to intravenous streptokinase was 3.2 +/- 1.5 hours. In seven @entity1 , intravenous streptokinase failed to open the coronary, and all developed severe @entity2845 of the supplied area, with formation of apical @entity1002 in three. In 21 @entity1 , intravenous streptokinase opened the artery. Eighteen angiographies performed 9.6 +/- 7.9 days after therapy showed a normal left ventricle in eight @entity1 , moderate @entity2845 in seven, and severe @entity2845 in three. Time from first symptom to therapy was shorter in the @entity1 receiving intravenous therapy (p less than 0.01). Coronary artery bypass grafting and four resections after @entity1002 were performed without operative @entity204 . Two @entity1 receiving intracoronary therapy died in the hospital, and one died 2 months later from @entity943 . Freedom from angina and rehabilitation (New York Heart Association Class I) were achieved in 69.5% of @entity1 receiving intracoronary streptokinase and in 75% of @entity1 receiving intravenous streptokinase. Thus streptokinase-induced thrombolysis salvages myocardium, and the intravenous route seems as effective as the intracoronary. Advantages of the former are earlier administration that might increase myocardial salvage, no invasive procedure, and lesser cost.

title: Myocardial surgical revascularization after streptokinase treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular damage']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm', 'left ventricular hypokinesia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the ileal and biliary excretion of @entity3514 were investigated in @entity35 at different times after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of body weight). @entity22209 protein decreased 8h after injection of LPS and returned to the control level 24h after i.p. injection of LPS in the ileum. There was a marked decrease in the expression level of @entity23742 mRNA in the ileum and liver 8h after i.p. injection of LPS when compared with the control condition. Also, the ileal and biliary clearance of @entity3514 significantly decreased 8h after i.p. injection of LPS, but returned to the control levels 24h after i.p. injection of LPS. These results suggest that LPS-induced decreases in @entity22209 -mediated ileal and biliary excretion of @entity3514 were probably due to impaired @entity22209 -mediated transport ability. The levels of @entity1506 and @entity3426 mRNA in the ileum and liver increased 2 and 8h after i.p. injection of LPS, respectively, and returned to the control levels 24h after injection of LPS. These findings suggest that LPS markedly decreases @entity22209 -mediated ileal and biliary excretion of @entity3514 , probably by partly decreasing the expression of @entity22209 protein levels, likely due to increased lipid peroxidation levels through @entity1506 mRNA and inflammatory mediators such as @entity3426 .

title: Effect of lipopolysaccharide on P-glycoprotein-mediated intestinal and biliary excretion of @entity3514 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3514 :: ('CHEBI:8828', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine123']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Positive inotropic efficacies (maximal increase in contractile force) and potencies of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist @entity7202 and beta-adrenoceptor agonist @entity3044 were determined on electrically driven (1 Hz) ventricular strips from @entity35 aged 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 10 (adult) weeks. The inotropic response to @entity7202 significantly decreased after 2 weeks of age. The inotropic potency of @entity3044 was slightly but significantly lower at all ages than at 0.5 weeks of age. Up to 2 weeks of age, the maximal inotropic effect of @entity7202 was comparable with that of @entity3044 , thereafter it was but markedly less. @entity2647 behaved like @entity7202 , and @entity1063 like @entity3044 . The effect of @entity7202 was antagonized by @entity3159 but not by @entity1169 ; the reverse was true for @entity3044 . Injections at birth of @entity1954 and @entity619 exerted minimal effects on the inotropic responses to @entity7202 and @entity3044 . Chemical sympathectomy with @entity2955 caused supersensitivity to the inotropic effects of @entity3044 but produced subsensitivity to responses to @entity7202 at 1 week; effects of @entity7202 at 3 and 6 weeks of age were not altered by sympathectomy. No significant differences in alpha 1- or beta 1-adrenoceptor densities or affinities in ventricular membranes from 7-day-old and adult @entity35 were found. It is concluded that the positive inotropic responses to sympathomimetic @entity4478 decline with age, the decline is most marked in the case of alpha 1-adrenoreceptor- mediated effects, and these changes do not appear to be due to a decrease in the number or affinity of alpha 1- and beta 1-adrenoceptors.

title: Ontogeny of positive inotropic responses to sympathomimetic agents and of myocardial adrenoceptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 122 Background: Two major components of @entity0 survivorship care include surveillance with mammograms and clinic visits after completion of definitive treatment. Identifying disparities in adherence to survivorship care is critical for improving the care delivery and outcomes of @entity1 . METHODS: We evaluated adherence to survivorship care among 4,212 racially/ethnically diverse Texan residents who underwent surgery for stage @entity0 at the @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center between January, 1997 and December, 2006 and completed one year of survivorship care. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) method to evaluate race/ethnicity differences in missed mammograms and clinic visits up to 4 years of survivorship care. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 53 years (range 22-91); 72% white, 11% black, 11% Hispanic and 5% other race/ethnicity. Over four years, 36% of @entity1 missed an annual mammogram and 21% of @entity1 did not have a minimum of 1 clinic visit per year. For the entire study cohort, the trend of missed annual mammograms per year of survivorship care follow-up was 6% (year 1), 17% (year 2), 19% (year 3) and 22% (year 4) (p-trend <0.0001). In multivariable GEE model adjusted for survivorship year, age, stage, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, radiation therapy and county of residence, Hispanic (OR 1.48 95% CI 1.22-1.80) and black (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.15-1.72) @entity1 were more likely be nonadherent with annual mammograms compared to white @entity1 . Hispanic (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.25-2.00) and black (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14-1.84) @entity1 were also more likely to be nonadherent with clinic visits compared to white @entity1 . There was a significant interaction between ethnicity and non-receipt of adjuvant endocrine therapy on clinic visit nonadherence (p-interaction=0.04) and annual mammogram nonadherence (p-interaction=0.001) among Hispanic compared to white @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Drop out of @entity0 survivorship care increases over time and black and Hispanic @entity1 are more likely to be nonadherent. Better characterization of the reasons for nonadherence is needed to design interventions to improve retention in @entity0 survivorship care, especially for @entity1 not receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy.

title: Ethnic disparities in adherence to XXXX survivorship care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['I-III breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The @entity19612 gene encodes the surface protein Asc10, which mediates cell aggregation resulting in high-frequency conjugative transfer of the @entity5681 -inducible @entity803 resistance plasmid pCF10 in @entity797 . Previous Tn5 insertional mutagenesis and sequencing analysis of a 12-kb fragment of pCF10 indicated that a region containing prgX, -Q, -R, -S, and -T, located 3 to 6 kb upstream of @entity19612 , is required to activate the expression of @entity19612 . Complementation studies showed that the positive regulatory region functions in cis in an orientation-dependent manner (J. W. Chung and G. M. Dunny, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9020-9024, 1992). In order to determine the involvement of each gene in the activation of @entity19612 , Tn5 insertional mutagenesis and exonuclease III deletion analyses of the regulatory region were carried out. The results indicate that prgQ and -S are required for the expression of @entity19612 , while prgX, -R, and -T are not required. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of these mutants shows that prgQ is also essential for the expression of @entity19613 (encoding the surface exclusion protein Sec10), which is located between @entity19612 and the positive-control region. Complementation analysis demonstrates that a cis-acting regulatory element is located in the prgQ region and that pCF10 sequences in an untranslated region 3' from prgQ are an essential component of the positive-control system. Analyses of various Tn5 insertions in pCF10 genes suggest that transcription reading into this transposon is terminated in @entity797 but that outward-reading transcripts may initiate from within the ends of Tn5 or from the junction sequences.

title: Genetic analysis of a region of the XXXX plasmid pCF10 involved in positive regulation of conjugative transfer functions.

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']


abstract: @entity5 is a multistep process characterized by altered signal transduction, cell growth, and metabolism. To identify such processes in early @entity105 we use an information theoretic approach to characterize gene expression quantified as mRNA levels in primary keratinocytes (K) and @entity1799 ( @entity1799 )-transformed keratinocytes (HF1 cells) from early (E) and late (L) passages and from @entity3014 -treated (BP) L cells. Our starting point is that biological signaling processes are subjected to the same quantitative laws as inanimate, nonequilibrium chemical systems. Environmental and genomic constraints thereby limit the maximal thermodynamic entropy that the biological system can reach. The procedure uncovers the changes in gene expression patterns in different networks and defines the significance of each altered network in the establishment of a particular phenotype. The development of transformed HF1 cells is shown to be represented by one major transcription pattern that is important at all times. Two minor transcription patterns are also identified, one that contributes at early times and a distinguishably different pattern that contributes at later times. All three transcription patterns defined by our analysis were validated by gene expression values and biochemical means. The major transcription pattern includes reduced transcripts participating in the apoptotic network and enhanced transcripts participating in cell cycle, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. The two minor patterns identify genes that are mainly involved in lipid or @entity1735 metabolism.

title: Information-theoretic analysis of phenotype changes in early stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['HPV16', 'human papillomavirus 16']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: The influence of the concentration of @entity342 present on the development of heterogeneous growth responsiveness to @entity3800 was studied in an @entity342 -sensitive clone (SEM-1) of the Shionogi @entity189 cell line incubated for up to 6 months in the presence of 0, 0.01, 0.3, or 100 nM @entity586 ( @entity587 ). In the absence of added @entity342 , there was a rapid increase in spontaneous cell growth, the increase being delayed by 2, 4, and 6 months when the cells were incubated with 0.01, 0.3, and 100 nM @entity587 , respectively. Conversely, the mitogenic effect of @entity587 decreased rapidly when originally @entity342 -sensitive cells were incubated with less than maximal concentrations of @entity587 . The most significant finding was the marked heterogeneity in the @entity342 sensitivity of the clones obtained after incubation for 2 months in the presence of less than maximal concentrations of @entity587 . In cells exposed to a maximal concentration of @entity587 (100 nM), only 2 of 22 clones were more sensitive to @entity587 (lower Km value) than the original clone, while 8 subclones were hyposensitive to @entity587 . On the other hand, when the cells were incubated for 2 months with a low (0.3 nM) concentration of @entity587 , 29% (7 of 24) of the clones were hypersensitive to @entity587 . Clones derived from cells treated with 0 or 0.1 nM @entity587 lost most of their responsiveness to @entity587 during the same time interval, with a simultaneous increase in spontaneous growth rate. The present data show that incubation of a clone of @entity342 -sensitive Shionogi @entity189 cells in the presence of a low @entity587 concentration, comparable to the circulating levels of @entity587 in castrated @entity1 , induces the development of @entity342 -hypersensitive cell clones that are able to grow on minute amounts of @entity3800 . Such @entity342 -hypersensitive cells are likely to be unresponsive or resistant to antihormonal therapy. The present data emphasize the major importance of the hormonal environment on the maintenance, loss, and increase of @entity5 cell responsiveness to @entity3800 .

title: Low XXXX levels induce the development of @entity342 -hypersensitive cell clones in Shionogi mouse @entity189 cells in culture.

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: Recurrent @entity1724 is a relentless disease of viral origin in which @entity1185 frequently obstruct the respiratory tract of @entity1 and young adults. No therapy has been proved to be curative for this process. Recent reports have suggested that interferon may cure or dramatically control airway @entity1185 . We evaluated the efficacy of @entity1 leukocyte interferon in the treatment of @entity1724 . One hundred twenty-three @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either surgery plus interferon or surgery alone. Interferon (2 X 10(6) IU per square meter of body-surface area) was given daily for one week, then three times per week for one year; treatment was followed by a year of observation, without the drug. Both study groups underwent serial endoscopy to @entity1185 and to document the efficacy of treatment during the two years of study. During the first six months, the growth rate of @entity1185 in the interferon group was significantly lower than in the control group (P = 0.0007). This difference diminished during the second six months and was no longer statistically significant (P = 0.68). Our data do not show that interferon is either curative or of substantial value as an adjunctive agent in the long-term management of recurrent @entity1724 . The initial benefit of interferon is not sustained.

title: Treatment of recurrent @entity1724 with XXXX leukocyte interferon. Results of a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['remove papillomas', 'papillomas', 'squamous papillomas', 'papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Variants in the extracellular domain of the @entity12959 subunit which arise as a consequence of alternative splicing of mRNA have recently been reported. Two alternative exons, X1 and X2, have been identified in the alpha 7 gene, and homologous exons were found for alpha 6 (Ziober et al., 1993). In this study, we have isolated the region of the alpha 6 gene containing exons X1 and X2 that are, like those of alpha 7, located between stretches of DNA that encode the homologous repeat domains III and IV, proximal to the three divalent cation binding sites of the alpha 6 subunit. We demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions and confirmed by sequencing that alpha 6X1 and alpha 6X1X2 mRNAs are generated by alternative splicing of exon X2. The alpha 6X1X2 mRNA is expressed in a limited number of tissues and cell lines and it is always co-expressed with the ubiquitous alpha 6X1 mRNA. Stable transfection of K562 cells with full length cDNAs for the alpha 6AX1X2 and @entity537 subunits resulted in cell populations that expressed the alpha 6AX1X2 variant, in association with either @entity12960 , on their surface. In addition, a population of cells was isolated that expressed the alpha 6AX1X2 variant at low levels and almost exclusively in association with @entity8652 . Comparison of the alpha 6AX1X2 integrins with alpha 6AX1 using similarly transfected cells showed no obvious differences between the alternative extracellular alpha 6A isoforms with respect to ligand specificity and activation-dependency of ligand binding. After treatment with the anti- @entity8652 stimulatory antibody TS2/16, both the alpha 6AX1 @entity8652 and alpha 6AX1X2 @entity8652 integrin variants mediated cell adhesion to @entity7579 laminin (laminin-1), @entity12961 (laminin-5), @entity1 placental (laminin-2 and -4) and @entity291 kidney laminins. In contrast, the alpha 6AX1 @entity537 and alpha 6AX1X2 @entity537 integrins also mediated cell adhesion to laminin and kalinin without stimulation. Furthermore, the different transfectants did not differ in their ability to spread on kalinin. The presented data indicate that the X2 region in alpha 6 is not involved in defining ligand specificity or affinity.

title: An alternatively spliced exon in the extracellular domain of the XXXX alpha 6 integrin subunit--functional analysis of the alpha 6 integrin variants.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We described a case of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) complicated with multiple @entity1779 . A 52-year-old female with no history of @entity101 had been treated with @entity134 hormone therapy for more than 15 years. Four days before admission, she experienced acute onset of @entity10 and @entity390 . On the day of admission, the @entity1 suffered from @entity10 and @entity390 again followed by a deteriorated level of consciousness. The computed tomographic scan revealed two subcortical @entity1410 in the right frontal and left temporo-occipital area with atypical findings compared to those of the usual @entity1779 . Cerebral angiography demonstrated that cortical arteries around the @entity1410 were markedly stretched and displaced. @entity1347 and irregular lumen of the internal carotid artery and bilateral cortical arteries were possibly representative of @entity455 . Transit time of blood flow was severely delayed with no apparent obstruction of the cerebral arteries, veins and dural sinuses. These findings suggested the existence of severely @entity428 . Emergent surgical evacuation of the @entity1410 was successfully performed with a favorable outcome for the @entity1 . Intraoperatively, the brain was congested even after the evacuation of the @entity1410 . Surgical manipulation was able easily to cause @entity548 from the cavity of the @entity1410 , which was hard to control. It is supposed that @entity455 including @entity528 and @entity1333 may have affected the susceptibility of small arteries and veins to @entity397 in the present case. Subsequent increase of intracranial pressure might cause another @entity1410 by adding of hemodynamic stress to small vessels apart from those at the site of the first @entity548 .

title: [A case of XXXX complicated with multiple subcortical @entity548 ].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple segmental stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinoid degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic Lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With improving surgical techniques for @entity348 clinical outcomes have improved and its utilization continues to increase. Despite these advances, complication rates remain as high as 24%. Of these complications @entity281 is one of the most common and morbid. The @entity309 remains a leading indication for @entity348 . @entity1 with this condition frequently require immunosuppressive therapy, which places them at higher risk of both typical and @entity281 . CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a persistent, late-onset @entity281 in a @entity348 of a 64-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with severe @entity309 . The offending pathogen, @entity13473 , is previously unreported in the arthroplasty literature and grew concurrently with coagulase-negative staphylococcus. Eradication of the fungal and bacterial agents involved resection arthroplasty, serial debridement, and multiple courses of intravenous and oral antimicrobial therapy. Two attempts at reimplantation arthroplasty failed to eliminate the @entity281 and our @entity1 ultimately required definitive resection arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroplasty in the @entity309 confers with it a high complication rate. @entity32 and immunosuppressive drugs combined with the subcutaneous anatomy of the elbow contribute to the risk of @entity281 . @entity364 in the @entity309 @entity1 presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Fungal growth should always be treated and requires organism-specific antimicrobials in conjunction with surgical debridement. More literature is needed to determine the optimal treatment regimen for this devastating complication.

title: XXXX following @entity348 : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity13473 :: ('33178', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus terreus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic joint infection', 'atypical infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal periprosthetic joint infection']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total elbow arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['refractory rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid elbow', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal periprosthetic joint infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: We recently noticed the occurrence of both livedo and elevated anticardiolipin antibody levels in a small number of @entity1 with @entity1252 . The purpose of our study was two-fold: (1) to investigate whether anticardiolipin antibodies were more common in @entity1252 @entity1 with livedo than in those without; and (2) to determine if the features of @entity12287 (livedo and @entity66 ) also were found in @entity1 with @entity1252 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this case-control study of @entity1252 @entity1 without significant @entity8 , 29 @entity1 with @entity12288 (cases) were compared clinically and immunologically with 29 @entity1 without livedo (controls). RESULTS: Both groups shared many disease characteristics and were similar in age and sex. However, they differed markedly in other respects. Elevated anticardiolipin antibody levels were significantly more common in the cases. Indeed, 81% of all cases from our study sample had elevated anticardiolipin levels. A history of @entity715 and @entity882 --clinical associates of the anticardiolipin antibody--was also significantly more common in cases than in controls. The relative odds of @entity12288 were 23-fold greater in those with elevated anticardiolipin levels than in those without these antibodies. The estimated proportion of livedo-positive @entity1 with elevated anticardiolipin antibodies in a general @entity1252 population without significant @entity8 was 0.77. CONCLUSION: The association between @entity12288 and @entity66 , originally described by Sneddon in otherwise healthy individuals, also applies to @entity1252 @entity1 . The presence of elevated anticardiolipin antibody levels in 10 of 11 such @entity1 suggests that the anticardiolipin antibody may be of pathogenetic importance in the manifestations of @entity12287 in @entity1252 and also possibly in the idiopathic form of this disease.

title: Clinical and immunologic features of @entity12288 in XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity12287 :: ('MESH:D018860', 'Disease') :: ["Sneddon's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['lupus']


abstract: We studied the genetic and clinical features of @entity6 subjects in a 5-generation Michigan-Kentucky pedigree ascertained through a proband with @entity788 and homozygous for the @entity5908 mutation Pro63fsx60. @entity6 and nondiabetic family members were genotyped and phenotyped. We also carried out genetic studies to determine the history of the @entity5908 mutation in the Michigan-Kentucky family and a Virginia family with the same mutation. We identified 110 individuals; 34 are currently being treated for @entity6 and 10 of these are Pro63fsX60 carriers (ie, @entity5908 ). Subjects with @entity2175 as well as those with type 2 @entity6 are characterized by @entity28 and @entity3190 . Genetic studies suggest that the @entity5908 mutation was inherited from an ancestor common to both the Michigan-Kentucky and Virginia families. @entity5908 and type 2 @entity6 in the Michigan-Kentucky pedigree are associated with @entity28 and @entity3190 . @entity28 and @entity3190 have been observed occasionally in other subtypes of @entity2175 , which suggests that @entity3190 may be a general phenomenon when @entity28 occurs in @entity2175 subjects. Hypoinsulinemia in nonobese @entity2175 subjects seems to be caused by a functional defect in the beta cell. Genetic testing should be considered in multigenerational obese @entity6 subjects, particularly when such families contain young @entity6 members.

title: @entity28 and @entity3190 in a family with @entity788 and @entity2175 caused by the XXXX mutation Pro63fsX60.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic agenesis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

answer: @entity5908 :: (3651,Gene) :: ['IPF1']


abstract: A pilot study was conducted in @entity1 who had @entity43 , and who were refractory to @entity902 -based chemotherapy, to determine the feasibility and clinical effects of a schedule of intraperitoneal (IP) @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expanded in recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ), and low-dose @entity5041 IP. TIL were expanded from solid metastases or malignant effusions in serum-free AIM V medium supplemented with low concentrations (600 IU/ml) or @entity5041 using a four-step method of expansion that included a hollow fiber bioreactor (artificial capillary culture system). @entity1 received IP TIL suspended in dextrose 5% in @entity2827 0.2% containing 0.1% @entity1 albumin and 6 x 10(5) IU @entity5041 on day 1, followed by 6 x 10(5) IU @entity5041 /m2 body surface area, administered daily by bolus IP injection, on days 2-4, 8-11, and 15-18. In the absence of disease progression, two additional 4-day cycles of IP @entity5041 were administered. @entity1 (n = 3) whose TIL failed to grow in vitro received IP @entity1199 alone. Eight @entity1 received @entity5041 expanded TIL (10(10)-10(11) range) plus @entity5041 followed by several cycles of @entity5041 alone. One of these @entity1 was treated twice with TIL plus @entity5041 . Expanded TIL were primarily CD3+ @entity404 +TCR alpha beta+ (eight TIL-derived T-cell lines). One TIL-derived T-cell line was comprised mostly of CD3+ @entity405 +TCR alpha beta+ cells. Eleven @entity1 (eight treated with TIL plus @entity5041 and three @entity1 treated with @entity5041 alone) received a total of 38 cycles of @entity5041 without TIL. Grade 3 clinical @entity137 ( @entity298 ) occurred in 1 of 9 cycles of TIL plus @entity5041 of 38 cycles of @entity5041 alone. Each cycle was 4 days long. Grade 3 @entity417 occurred in 1 of 9 TIL plus @entity5041 cycles and 3 of 38 cycles of @entity5041 alone. There were no measurable responses; however, four of eight @entity1 treated with IP TIL plus @entity5041 had some indication of clinical activity: ascites regression (two @entity1 ), @entity5 and @entity353 (one @entity1 ), and surgically confirmed stable @entity5 and CA-125 values (one @entity1 ). The schedule of IP TIL plus low-dose @entity5041 shows manageable @entity137 and is worthy of further evaluation in @entity1 with @entity43 who have less @entity5 burden.

title: Intraperitoneal adoptive immunotherapy of XXXX with @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes and low-dose recombinant @entity1199 : a pilot trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer', 'advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: The ANAs described above can be accounted for on the basis of an immune response to just three nucleoprotein structures--the nucleosome, the @entity8106 , and the Ro particle. When these nucleoproteins are looked at in turn, the following picture emerges. The nucleosome is identified by both anti-histone and anti-DNA antibodies. Anti-histone H1 and anti-histone H2B antibodies predominate and tend to occur together. They, as well as the anti-DNA antibodies with which they appear to be linked, recognize external features of the intact nucleosome. The @entity8106 is recognized by both anti- @entity8107 and anti-Sm antibodies. Most so-called anti- @entity8107 antisera actually contain several linked sets of different antibodies that are directed against various polypeptides (68K, A, and C) found on the @entity8106 . Anti-Sm antibodies are linked to the occurrence of anti- @entity8107 antibodies. The Ro particle is recognized by both anti-La and anti-Ro antibodies, and almost all sera that contain anti-La antibodies also contain anti-Ro antibodies. Thus, it appears that these three nucleoprotein particles become direct focal points for autoimmune responses in @entity1252 . It is difficult to explain such focused responses on the basis of a @entity154 in immune regulation or spontaneous B-lymphocyte hyperactivity. Rather it appears that these nucleoproteins themselves are directly involved in determining which B-lymphocyte clones become activated. Thus, the simplest rationalization for the patterns with which these autoantibodies occur is to invoke the possibility that the particles themselves are directly triggering autoimmune responses.

title: Patterns of autoimmunity to nucleoproteins in patients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['general defect']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2858 subtype B epidemic in Brazil is peculiar because of the high frequency of isolates having the GWGR tetramer at V3 loop region. It has been suggested that GWGR is a distinct variant and less pathogenic than other subtype B isolates. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Ninety-four percent of the @entity2858 subtype B worldwide sequences (7689/8131) obtained from the Los Alamos @entity645 database contain @entity1521 at the tetramer of the V3 loop of the env gene (GPGR) and only 0.74% (60/8131) have @entity2340 (GWGR). By contrast, 48.4% (161/333) of subtype B isolates from Brazil have @entity1521 , 30.6% (102/333) contain @entity2340 and 10.5% (35/333) have @entity815 (F) at the second position of the V3 loop tip. The proportion of @entity2340 and @entity815 in Brazilian isolates is much higher than in worldwide subtype B sequences (chi-square test, p = 0.0001). The combined proportion of @entity1521 , @entity2340 and @entity815 (GPGR+GWGR+GFGR) of Brazilian isolates corresponds to 89% of all @entity1522 in the V3 loop. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that almost all subtype B isolates in Brazil have a common origin regardless of their motif (GWGR, GPGR, GGGR, etc.) at the V3 tetramer. This shared ancestral origin was also observed in CRF28_BF and CRF29_BF in a genome region (free of recombination) derived from parental subtype B. These results imply that @entity2340 substitution (e.g., GWGR-to-GxGR), which was previously associated with the change in the coreceptor usage within the host, also occurs at the population level. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Based on the current findings and previous study showing that @entity2340 and @entity815 in the V3 loop are related with coreceptor usage, we propose that @entity2340 and @entity815 in subtype B isolates in Brazil are kept by selective mechanisms due to the distinct coreceptor preferences in target cells of GWGR, GFGR and GFGR viruses.

title: Diversity of XXXX subtype B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: The demonstration and frequency of mixed granulated, hybrid leukocytes in @entity1860 are reported. The cells exhibit basophilic granules, and, in addition, variable quantities of eosinophilic and/or azurophilic (chloroesterase-positive) granules. The existence of further subtypes of granules in these cells, such as neutrophilic or tissue mast cell granules, cannot be excluded thus far. All cases under investigation showed such cells, though in varying frequency. Quality and quantities of the granule population in these cells differed considerably. This is interpreted as an expression of @entity5 cell heterogeneity, which represents a general criterion of malignant @entity5 . The cells under discussion may be termed hybrid or chimeric, since they are characterized by the co-expression in the same cells of markers (granules) normally subject to lineage specificity. Therefore, the cells represent the phenomenon of "lineage infidelity". Thus far, "lineage infidelity" has been found only with @entity8624 , but applies also to chronic @entity2800 , as our results show. The occurrence of "lineage infidelity" in segmented end stage cells expresses grave irreversible genetic disturbances of the differentiation program in the progenitors of the hybrid leukocytes.

title: [Recognition and significance of hybrid granulocytes in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['blast cell leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemias']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: The progress of @entity16 and recovery in the course of @entity5327 -reperfusion injury in @entity35 at different time periods was investigated. @entity5327 lasting 1h followed by 1h of reperfusion caused a significant @entity121 and diminution of the wall thickness. The loss of epithelium included enterocytes, goblet cells and Paneth cells. Paradoxically, increasing numbers of @entity750 -producing cells and the beginning of regenerative processes, expressed by significantly higher proliferation, were recorded in the epithelium during this period. Disintegration of connective tissue and massive degranulation of @entity750 -positive cells were found in the lamina propria. After 24h of reperfusion, restitution of the mucosa was found, expressed by normal villous morphology and re-epithelialization. However, some parameters were still significantly affected even more than in the acute phase of reperfusion. In the epithelium, decreased numbers of Paneth cells and increased population of @entity750 -producing cells were found. The greatest proliferation of connective tissue cells and intensified @entity121 were also detected in this reperfusion period. After 30 days of reperfusion, moderate damage remained, but only the increased number of Paneth cells and decreased number of @entity750 -producing cells in the lamina propria were significant.

title: XXXX -reperfusion injury: specific impact on different cell populations within the jejunal wall in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal damage']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of the muscular layer', 'disintegration of the mucosa, reduction of the muscular layer']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia', 'Mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['Mesenteric ischemia']