abstract: To study associations between type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) candidate genes and @entity2412 ( @entity2412 ), we performed case-control association studies for both T2DM and @entity2412 in Han Chinese subjects. We recruited 1,939 unrelated Han Chinese T2DM @entity1 and 918 individuals with normal blood @entity413 levels as nondiabetic controls. Among T2DM @entity1 , 1116 have @entity2412 , 266 have a history of T2DM of >10 years but never developed @entity2412 . Eighty-two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 54 candidate genes were genotyped. Discrete association studies were performed by the PLINK program for T2DM and @entity2412 . Significant associations were found among candidate gene SNPs and T2DM, including @entity67417 of the @entity3235 gene (allele A, P = 2.85 * 10(-9), OR = 1.44). The SNP @entity13503 of the @entity4640 gene was also associated with T2DM (allele T, P = 4.09 * 10(-7), OR = 1.36). When we used control @entity1 with >10 years of T2DM history without MVCD, we found that the G allele of SNP @entity67417 of the @entity3235 gene was associated with MVCD (nominal P = 4.33 * 10(-4)). In our study, significant associations were found between @entity3235 and @entity4640 gene SNPs and T2DM. The @entity3235 polymorphism might account for the higher risk of T2DM and the lower risk of @entity2412 in the Han Chinese population.

title: @entity3235 and XXXX Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Type 2 @entity6 in Han Chinese.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular complications of diabetes', 'MVCDs']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4640 :: (1029;1030,Gene) :: ['CDKN2A/B']


abstract: Target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) is a highly conserved @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase that controls cell growth, primarily via regulation of protein synthesis. In @entity375 , @entity3470 can also suppress the transcription of stress response genes by a mechanism involving @entity23764 , a @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatase subunit, and the transcription factor @entity23763 . A physical association between @entity1 @entity3470 ( @entity3470 ) and the transcription factor @entity6897 ( @entity6897 ) was recently identified in @entity1 cells, suggesting a similar role for @entity3470 in the transcription of interferon-gamma-stimulated genes. In the current study, we identified a macromolecular protein complex composed of @entity3470 , @entity6897 , the @entity23764 homologue @entity1293 , and the protein @entity35681 ( @entity35681 ). Inactivation of @entity3470 enhanced its association with @entity6897 and increased @entity6897 nuclear content in @entity35681 -dependent fashion. Depletion of @entity1293 , @entity4333 , or @entity3470 enhanced the induction of early (i.e. @entity9688 ) and late (i.e. @entity9302 , hiNOS, and Fas) @entity6897 -dependent genes. The regulation of @entity9688 or @entity9302 by @entity3470 was independent of other known @entity3470 effectors p70 S6 kinase and @entity584 . These results describe a new role for @entity3470 and @entity1293 / @entity4333 in the control of @entity6897 nuclear content, and the expression of interferon-gamma-sensitive genes involved in immunity and apoptosis.

title: Inactivation of @entity1 target of XXXX increases @entity6897 nuclear content and transcriptional activity in @entity1293 - and protein phosphatase 2A-dependent fashion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity6897 :: ('6772', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription-1', 'STAT1']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity35681 :: ('5515', 'Gene') :: ['phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit', 'PP2Ac']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: The aim of carrier testing is to identify carrier couples at risk of having offspring with a serious genetic (autosomal recessive) disorder. Carrier couples are offered genetic consultation where their reproductive options, including prenatal diagnosis, are explained. The Ashkenazi Jewish population is at increased risk for several @entity74 ( @entity1051 , @entity1577 , @entity7495 , @entity1120 , @entity10751 , @entity8706 , @entity11807 , and @entity10673 ). Unlike @entity1051 , there is no simple biochemical or enzymatic test to detect carriers for these other disorders. However, with the rapid identification of disease-causing genes in recent years, DNA-based assays are increasingly available for carrier detection. Approximately 5% of the world's population carries a mutation affecting the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule. Among the most common of these disorders are the @entity2395 . The global birth rate of affected @entity1 is at least 2 per 1000 (in unscreened populations), with the greatest incidence in Southeast Asian, Indian, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern ethnic groups. Carriers are detected by evaluation of red cell indices and morphology, followed by more sophisticated hematological testing and molecular analyses. The following issues need to be considered in the development of a carrier screening program: (1) test selection based on disease severity and test accuracy; (2) funding for testing and genetic counselling; (3) definition of the target population to be screened; (4) development of a public and professional education program; (5) informed consent for screening; and (6) awareness of community needs.

title: Carrier testing for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1051 :: ('MESH:D013661', 'Disease') :: ['Tay-Sachs disease']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemias']

entities_list: @entity10751 :: ('MESH:D004402', 'Disease') :: ['Familial Dysautonomia']

entities_list: @entity10673 :: ('MESH:D001816', 'Disease') :: ['Bloom syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['Canavan disease']

entities_list: @entity8706 :: ('MESH:D009542', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessively inherited disorders']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['autosomal-recessive disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the clinical and radiologic characteristics of a group of @entity1 who experienced late @entity9577 after bone-removing orbital decompression. The surgical management of these @entity1 is presented and a hypothesis proposed to explain the @entity1817 . DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Six @entity1 experienced relative @entity85 at between 3 and 6 months after bone-removing orbital decompression for @entity1374 . Five left orbits and one right orbit were affected. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 underwent middle meatal antrostomy, together with mobilization and elevation of the collapsed orbital contents by firm packing of the affected maxillary antrum through a buccal antrostomy, the pack being removed about 3 weeks after placement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptomatic improvement and reduction in the degree of relative @entity85 . RESULTS: Late-onset @entity9577 after orbital decompression was associated with clinical and radiologic features that resemble the idiopathic imploding antrum syndrome. In all @entity1 , the ethmoidal infundibulum was obstructed by prolapsed orbital fat with secondary antral consolidation, and inward bowing of the maxillary walls was present in five of six @entity1 . After antral drainage and packing, there was an improvement in @entity9577 (mean, 2.7 mm; range, 0-4 mm) and all but one globe returned to within 2 mm of exophthalmometry of the contralateral eye. For recurrent @entity9577 in two @entity1 (minor in one @entity1 and marked in the other), later repair of the orbital floor was undertaken through a lower eyelid swinging flap, using porous @entity691 sheet, with good cosmetic outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Late-onset @entity9577 after bone-removing orbital decompression seems to be the result of obstruction of maxillary antral aeration, with secondary fluid retention and a subatmospheric pressure in the sinus. This iatrogenic condition, associated in most cases with inward collapse of the maxillary walls, provides a guide to a hypothetical mechanism for the @entity1817 .

title: Clinical features and treatment of late @entity9577 after orbital decompression: a condition suggesting cause for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polythene']

entities_list: @entity9577 :: ('MESH:D015841', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic "imploding antrum" ("silent sinus") syndrome', 'idiopathic imploding antrum (silent sinus) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos, hypoglobus, and upper eyelid sulcus deformity']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid orbitopathy']

answer: @entity1817 :: (MESH:D012804,Disease) :: ['idiopathic "imploding antrum" (silent sinus) syndrome']


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the distribution of hay- @entity221 @entity1 in the city of C  rdoba, south-western Iberian Peninsula, and the specific atmospheric biological content originating from local sources. Four different districts were established in the metropolitan area of the city, according to vegetational and urbanistic characteristics. Air samples were taken in each area using portable Hirst-type samplers (Lanzoni VPPS 1000) and the spectrum of biological content was defined. @entity1 attending the Allergy Unit at C  rdoba Teaching Hospital in 2000 with @entity2023 and/or @entity565 , and displaying a positive reaction to aeroallergen extracts, were distributed within the areas as a function of their district of residence. Aerobiological results revealed differences in pollen content between areas, in terms of both quantity and number of pollen types recorded. These differences were largely due to proximity to rural areas, prevalence of pollen from typically urban species and the possible effect of urban architecture as a barrier to the dispersal/ concentration of particles and other pollutants. @entity1 were not uniformly distributed within the city. The majority lived in districts in which pollen from rural species was mixed with pollen from ornamentals. @entity1 living in typically urban districts displayed a higher prevalence of @entity566 to pollen from ornamentals. It is concluded that a high degree of exposure to the same environment may influence the development of sensitisation to the particular pollen load associated with that area.

title: XXXX related to the area of residence in the city of C  rdoba, south-west Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['Pollen allergy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report, from a longitudinal study, cognitive outcome in pediatric @entity1 treated with @entity1221 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty @entity1 receiving PRT for @entity2946 (38.3%), @entity11 (18.3%), @entity976 (15.0%), @entity424 (11.7%), and other CNS @entity5 (16.7%) were administered age-appropriate measures of cognitive abilities at or near PRT initiation (baseline) and afterward (follow-up). @entity1 were aged >= 6  years at baseline to ensure consistency in neurocognitive measures. RESULTS: Mean age was 12.3  years at baseline; mean follow-up interval was 2.5  years. Treatment included prior surgical resection (76.7%) and chemotherapy (61.7%). Proton radiation therapy included craniospinal irradiation (46.7%) and partial brain radiation (53.3%). At baseline, mean Wechsler Full Scale IQ was 104.6; means of all 4 Index scores were also in the average range. At follow-up, no significant change was observed in mean Wechsler Full Scale IQ, Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning/Organization, or Working Memory. However, Processing Speed scores declined significantly (mean 5.2 points), with a significantly greater decline for subjects aged <12  years at baseline and those with the highest baseline scores. Cognitive outcome was not significantly related to gender, extent of radiation, radiation dose, @entity5 location, histology, socioeconomic status, chemotherapy, or history of surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS: Early cognitive outcomes after PRT for pediatric CNS @entity5 are encouraging, compared with published outcomes from photon radiation therapy.

title: Early Cognitive Outcomes Following Proton Radiation in Pediatric XXXX With @entity1221 .

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['proton radiation therapy (PRT) for central nervous system (CNS) tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study whether meningeal collagen synthesis under normal conditions is reflected in the CSF and whether a meningeal fibroproliferative reaction or @entity82 after @entity510 can be detected by measuring markers of collagen synthesis in the CSF. METHODS: Serum samples and CSF were collected from 56 @entity1 with various neurological symptoms and from nine @entity1 with a recent @entity510 . The concentrations of the carboxyterminal propeptide of @entity4173 (PICP) and the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) were measured using radioimmunoassays. RESULTS: The mean(SD) concentration of PICP was 75.2 (SD 13.6) microgram/l and that of PIIINP 3.56 (SD 0.91) microgram/l in the CSF of the controls, and the CSF/serum ratios were 0.74 (SD 0.24) for PICP and 1.34 (SD 0.48) for PIIINP. A 1.4-fold increase in both the PICP (p=0.001) and the PIIINP (p=0.001) concentration was found in @entity1 with a @entity16 and with an abnormal CSF leucocyte count or protein concentration. In eight @entity1 with a recent @entity510 the PICP was 5.9-fold higher (p<0.001) and the PIIINP concentration 7.7-fold higher (p<0.001) than that in the controls, whereas no difference was found in the serum values. Similar high concentrations were also found in a @entity1 from whom the CSF sample was obtained before operation for @entity439 . CONCLUSIONS: The intrathecal compartment is a site for active collagen synthesis under normal conditions. The synthesis rate is markedly increased in @entity1 with a recent @entity510 , suggesting a fibroproliferative reaction or @entity82 . Assays of procollagen propeptides may be useful in the clinical diagnosis of meningeal @entity82 and their use may enable the identification of diseases and symptoms aetiologically related to meningeal @entity82 .

title: Detection of meningeal @entity82 after XXXX by assaying procollagen propeptides in cerebrospinal fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4173 :: ('1278', 'Gene') :: ['type I procollagen']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Using multidetector computed tomography, we aimed to assess the early response of neoadjuvant drug therapy for locally advanced @entity694 . METHODS: Computed tomography with IV contrast was acquired from 67 @entity1 before and after up to three cycles of preoperative treatment. All @entity1 had histologically confirmed @entity694 , a T4 or T3 @entity5 with extramural invasion >=  5 mm and no distant metastases or peritoneal nodules. The @entity1 were treated with @entity901 and @entity416 . In addition, those with no mutations in the @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 genes were also treated with panitumumab. Before and after treatment, we measured the @entity5 diameter in two different planes, the extension of the extramural @entity5 invasion, and the number and size of enlarged lymph nodes. RESULTS: The mean @entity5 length was 7.8 cm (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.3-10.4) at baseline and 4.34 cm (95% CI: 4.0-4.9) after treatment. The mean extramural @entity5 invasion was 10.6 mm (95% CI: 9.5-11.8) at baseline and 5.7 mm (95% CI: 4.7-6.7) after treatment. The mean number of enlarged lymph nodes was 4.1 (95% CI: 3.4-4.9) at baseline and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4-2.7) after treatment. According to RECIST 1.1, 45% (95% CI: 34-57) of the @entity1 had a response and 55% (95% CI: 43-67) had stable disease. None of the @entity1 showed @entity74 . CONCLUSION: Using CT, we demonstrated a significant @entity5 size, extramural @entity5 invasion, number and size of enlarged lymph nodes following neoadjuvant treatment. FUNDING: not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 01108107).

title: Computed tomography assessment of early response to neoadjuvant therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To objectively critique recent available data on the proper management of @entity566 and @entity565 during pregnancy, with an emphasis on understanding the risk and benefit of medications used during pregnancy for these disorders. DATA SOURCES: Data for this article were obtained from a MEDLINE search of literature from 1975 until the present published in English. STUDY SELECTION: It was the expert opinion of the author to select and synthesize recently published articles and reviews on this broad subject. RESULTS: Asthma is estimated to affect up to 4% of pregnancies, whereas @entity2490 complicates up to 20%. The cornerstones of management are environmental avoidance procedures, pharmacologic treatment, and allergen immunotherapy. Pharmaceutical treatment for @entity2023 should start with the first-generation antihistamines, @entity17567 and @entity29075 . In pregnant @entity1 , who cannot tolerate first-generation antihistamines, use of a second-generation agent, either @entity4255 or @entity14746 , should be considered. Though data are lacking, intranasal corticosteroids appear to be safe during pregnancy. For pregnant @entity1 with persistent @entity565 , the use of inhaled cromolyn should be the first-line therapy, followed by inhaled budesonide if symptoms worsen. Other agents such as @entity10453 , @entity4352 modifiers, and newer inhaled corticosteroids may be considered in @entity1 who exhibited a good response to these agents before pregnancy. Immunotherapy is the only disease-modifying treatment for @entity2023 and @entity565 . It can be continued during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the important differences in treatment for the pregnant @entity1 is vital for all physicians caring for these @entity1 . Proper medical management needs to take into consideration possible adverse effects of different agents used in @entity565 and @entity2490 .

title: Management of @entity2490 and XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity29075 :: ('MESH:D014309', 'Chemical') :: ['tripelennamine']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity14746 :: ('MESH:D017332', 'Chemical') :: ['cetirizine']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpheniramine']

entities_list: @entity4255 :: ('MESH:D017336', 'Chemical') :: ['loratadine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Progressive @entity986 methylation has been associated with @entity3 and invasive phenotypes in many @entity5 . Loss of @entity5962 ( @entity5962 ) function contributes to @entity0 progression by promoting cell proliferation, invasion and @entity3 . Using methylation-specific PCR, aberrant hypermethylation of @entity986 and @entity5962 in @entity5 and plasma was analyzed and correlated with levels of serum protein markers, carcinoembryonic antigen ( @entity787 ) and @entity189 antigen 15-3 (CA15.3), in 36 @entity1 with @entity0 . Aberrant @entity986 methylation was found in 11% (4/36) of @entity5 and 8% (3/36) of plasma samples. Aberrant @entity5962 methylation was detected in 25% (9/36) of @entity5 and 20% (7/36) of plasma samples. @entity986 and/or @entity5962 hypermethylation was found in 31% (11/36) of primary @entity0 and 82% (9/11) of @entity0 @entity1 with tumoral methylation showing identical epigenetic changes in plasma. The 25 @entity1 without tumoral methylation did not show epigenetic changes in the plasma. Tumoral @entity986 methylation was significantly associated with advanced @entity5 stage (p=0.028; Fisher's exact test), @entity5 size (p=0.017) and nodal @entity3 (p=0.002). However, @entity986 methylation in plasma was only associated with nodal @entity3 (p=0.012). Altogether, aberrant @entity986 methylation in plasma and elevated serum @entity787 level were associated with advanced @entity5 stage (p=0.033), @entity5 size (p=0.022) and extensive nodal @entity3 (p=0.003). With clinical implications, @entity986 hypermethylation in plasma and/or raised serum @entity787 levels may prove useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers for @entity0 .

title: Tumor-derived aberrant methylation in plasma of XXXX @entity1 : clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas', 'invasive ductal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive ductal breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1812 (BK) has been implicated in the regulation of renal function. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase ( @entity8837 ) has been demonstrated in several models of @entity8 . We studied activation of @entity8837 by BK in a cell model of the most distal part of the nephron, inner medullary collecting duct ( @entity19 ) cells. Exposure of @entity19 cells to BK (10(-10)-10(-5) M) resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity8837 , with maximal effect at 10(-8) M BK. @entity8837 activation by BK was observed as early as 1 min, peaked at 5 min, and was sustained at least for 1 h. The effect of BK was mediated by the B(2) receptor and was pertussis toxin-independent. Inhibition of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, or @entity4357 3-kinase did not alter @entity8837 activation by BK. BK-induced @entity8837 activation was @entity141 -calmodulin-independent but was sensitive to @entity670 , an inhibitor of @entity669 kinase(s). @entity20830 , a specific inhibitor of @entity12841 ( @entity12841 ) kinase, completely blocked the effect of BK, suggesting an essential role of @entity12841 in @entity8837 activation by BK. Immunoprecipitation/Western blot studies revealed that BK stimulated @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity12841 , its association with an adapter molecule @entity25544 , and complex formation between @entity25544 and the adapter protein @entity54310 . Activation studies of monomeric G protein Ras showed that BK-induced stimulation of Ras was dependent on @entity12841 @entity669 kinase activity. These studies demonstrate that BK stimulates Ras-dependent activation of @entity8837 in @entity19 cells via transactivation of @entity12841 through a novel mechanism.

title: Bradykinin B2 receptor activates extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase in @entity19 cells via XXXX transactivation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['toxic or proliferative renal injury']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['Bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity12841 :: (13649(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is used for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) treatment showing a wide @entity137 profile. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding for @entity1500 transporters with the occurrence of @entity1500 -related @entity137 (overall and gastrointestinal). A total of 233 Portuguese @entity309 @entity1 were genotyped for 23 SNPs. Haplotype analyses were performed and a toxicogenetic risk index (TRI) was created for SNPs that revealed to be statistically significant. Regarding @entity1500 overall @entity137 , an increased risk was associated to @entity7177 @entity64591 G carriers (p = 0.017), @entity55440 @entity64592 GG (p = 0.030) and, @entity6906 @entity46839 T carriers (p = 0.040) and TT (p = 0.019). TRI revealed that @entity1 with Index 3 were 18-fold more likely to present an adverse drug reaction when compared to those with Index 1 (p = 0.001). For @entity1500 @entity344 , results demonstrated an increased risk associated with @entity7177 @entity64591 G carriers (p = 0.012) and GG (p = 0.045), @entity7177 @entity24045 G carriers (p = 0.034), @entity7177 @entity64593 A carriers (p = 0.049) and, @entity6906 @entity46839 T carriers (p = 0.042) and TT (p = 0.025). Haplotype analyses showed association between GGAG haplotype for @entity7177 @entity64591 , @entity24045 , @entity64593 and @entity64594 with @entity1500 @entity344 (p = 0.029). TRI revealed that @entity1 with Index 4 were 9-fold more likely to present a @entity344 when compared to those with Index 1 (p = 0.020). This study demonstrated that @entity7177 , @entity55440 and @entity6906 genotypes may help to identify @entity1 with increased risk of @entity1500 -related overall @entity137 and that @entity7177 and @entity6906 genotypes, and @entity7177 haplotypes may help to identify @entity1 with increased risk of @entity1500 -related @entity344 .

title: XXXX , @entity55440 and @entity6906 Polymorphisms as Predictors of @entity1499 -Related @entity137 in Portuguese @entity309 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorder', 'gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity7177 :: (6573,Gene) :: ['SLC19A1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although burst @entity602 ( @entity602 ) has been reported to reduce @entity9 , no study has explicitly investigated how the different parameters that define burst @entity602 may modulate its efficacy. The effectiveness of burst @entity602 to reduce neuronal responses to noxious stimuli by altering stimulation parameters was evaluated in a @entity35 model of @entity614 . METHODS: Neuronal firing was recorded in the spinal dorsal horn before and after burst @entity602 on day 7 following painful @entity614 (N = 8 @entity35 ). The parameters defining the stimulation (number of pulses per burst, pulse frequency, pulse width, burst frequency, amplitude) were individually varied in separate stimulation trials while holding the remaining parameters constant. The percent reduction of firing of wide-dynamic-range (WDR) and high-threshold neurons after @entity602 and the percentage of neurons responding to @entity602 were quantified for each parameter and correlated to the charge per burst delivered during stimulation. RESULTS: Pulse number, pulse width, and amplitude each were significantly correlated (p <0.009) to @entity528 after @entity602 . Pulse frequency and amplitude significantly affected (p <0.05) the percentage of responsive neurons. Charge per burst was correlated to a reduction of WDR neuronal firing (p <0.03) and had a nonlinear effect on the percentage of neurons responding to burst @entity602 . CONCLUSIONS: Burst @entity602 can be optimized by adjusting relevant stimulation parameters to modulate the charge delivered to the spinal cord during stimulation. The efficacy of burst @entity602 is dependent on the charge per burst.

title: Stimulation Parameters Define the Effectiveness of Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation in a @entity35 Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['cervical nerve root compression', 'cervical radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['suppression of neuronal firing']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic Pain']


abstract: In this study, we identified the toxic effects of sheet-type titania ( @entity34095 ), which are being developed as a material for UV-blocking glass, comparing with @entity22028 , a benchmark control for titania, in MH-S cells, a @entity19 alveolar macrophage cell line. After 24 h exposure, the @entity34095 -exposed cells formed large vacuoles while the @entity22028 -exposed ones did not. The decreased levels of cell viability were similar between the @entity22028 and @entity34095 groups, but @entity855 production was clearly lower in cells exposed to the @entity34095 . @entity22028 decreased the expression of @entity25161 protein, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane marker, and increased the number of cells generating ROS in a dose dependent manner. Meanwhile, @entity34095 dilated the ER and mitochondria and increased the secretion of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not of ROS. Subsequently, we studied the molecular response following @entity34095 -induced vacuolization. @entity34095 started to form vacuoles in the cytosol since 20 min after exposure, and the expression of the mitochondria function-related genes were down-regulated the most in the cells exposed for 1 h. After 24 h exposure, the number of apoptotic cells and the relative levels of @entity1380 to @entity1379 increased. The expression of @entity182 protein, but not of @entity183 , also dose-dependently increased with an increase in @entity4699 activity. Additionally, the MAPK pathway was significantly activated, even though the expression of p- @entity12841 did not change significantly. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells increased rapidly with time and with the inhibition of vacuole formation. Taken together, we suggest that @entity22028 and @entity34095 may target different organelles. In addition, @entity34095 , but not @entity22028 , induced paraptosis accompanied by apoptosis in MH-S cells, and the formation of the cytoplasmic vacuoles allowed delay apoptosis following @entity34095 exposure.

title: Sheet-type titania, but not @entity22028 , induced paraptosis accompanying apoptosis in XXXX alveolar macrophage cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the practice patterns among surgeons who treat @entity320 of the eyelid skin with respect to margins of excision and to look for possible correlation between margins of excision and the incidence of local and regional recurrence and distant @entity3 . METHODS: A retrospective survey of the members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the European Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery yielded 44 cases. The @entity1 ' age, sex, date of diagnosis, histologic classification of @entity320 , @entity121 , Clark level, location of @entity320 , size of margins of excision, and findings of local or regional recurrence or distant @entity3 were recorded in each case. @entity1 were stratified on the basis of margins of excision: </=5 mm; >5 mm but <10 mm; and >/=10 mm. @entity1 were also stratified by @entity121 . A Cox regression model was used to evaluate the predictive value of each factor for recurrence. Main outcome measures were the incidences of local and regional recurrence and distant @entity3 as a function of margins of excision and @entity121 . RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 for whom reliable information was available had excision margins of </=5 mm. The @entity121 of most of the @entity5 was </=1 mm. Eleven @entity1 (25%) had local recurrence. Five @entity1 (11%) had regional lymph node @entity3 . All @entity1 with regional nodal @entity3 were @entity1 . Distant @entity3 developed in 3 @entity1 (7%)-2 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 . The follow-up times ranged from 10 to 108 months (mean, 34 months; median, 21 months). The incidence of local recurrence was higher among @entity1 with @entity320 at least 2 mm thick and margins of excision </=5 mm than among @entity1 with @entity320 at least 2 mm thick but with margins >/=10 mm, but this difference was not statistically significant because very few @entity1 had @entity320 at least 2 mm thick. @entity121 was the only statistically significant predictor of local, regional, and distant @entity3 . Margins of excision did not have a statistically significant effect on local, regional, or distant recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity121 is an important prognostic indicator for @entity320 . A 5-mm margin of excision may be adequate for thin @entity320 of the periocular skin, but because of the small number of @entity1 in this series who had >5-mm margins, a definitive comparison of outcome with larger margins of excision cannot be made. For @entity320 >/=2 mm, wider margins of excision may be prudent, and careful surveillance for local and regional recurrence is indicated.

title: Margins of excision for @entity320 skin: the Collaborative Eyelid XXXX Group Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Breslow thickness']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'eyelid skin melanomas', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Skin Melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12698 is a selective @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitor prescribed for the relief of @entity1118 in @entity571 and @entity309 . The drug is believed to be associated with fewer adverse effects than conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, the effectiveness of @entity12698 in the treatment of acute @entity158 has not yet been assessed by systematic review. OBJECTIVES: To assess the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of a single oral dose of @entity12698 for moderate to severe @entity282 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Library Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, Biological Abstracts, PubMed and the Oxford @entity158 database. Date of the most recent search: May 2002. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults prescribed any dose of oral @entity12698 or placebo for @entity282 were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two trials (418 subjects) met the inclusion criteria for this review. The trials were assessed for quality and the data extracted by two independent reviewers. Summed @entity158 relief (TOTPAR) or @entity158 intensity difference (SPID) was extracted and converted into dichotomous information yielding the number of @entity1 with at least 50% @entity158 relief over 4-6 hours. These derived results were used to calculate the relative benefit (RB) and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) for one @entity1 to achieve at least 50% @entity158 relief. MAIN RESULTS: The number-needed-to-treat for @entity12698 200 mg compared with placebo was 4.5 (CI 3.3 to 7.2). For every 4.5 @entity1 experiencing moderate to severe acute @entity158 treated with @entity12698 200 mg one more will experience at least 50% @entity158 relief that would not have done had they received placebo. The median time to remedication over 24 hours was 5.1 hours with @entity12698 200 mg and 1.5 hours with placebo. Quantitative analysis of adverse effects was not possible but no serious or unexpected adverse effects were reported. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Single dose oral @entity12698 is an effective means of @entity282 relief, similar in efficacy to @entity117 600/650 mg, and @entity1443 1000 mg. The two trials included used @entity12698 200 mg, a dose 50% less than is recommended for acute @entity158 . More trials are needed to estimate efficacy for recommended dose of 400 mg, and to reinforce current findings for 200 mg, and provide data for pooled quantitative estimates of adverse effects.

title: Single dose oral @entity12698 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['acute postoperative pain', 'postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: A 74-year-old @entity1 in shock was transferred to our hospital. A @entity1755 was diagnosed by computed tomography and an emergency operation was thereafter performed. At operation, a massive @entity1410 was encountered in the retroperitoneal space and a standard aneurysmectomy with bifurcated graft replacement was carried out. At the end of the operation, signs of sigmoid @entity63 were recognized, including mild @entity2473 . After considering the recovery or deterioration from @entity63 , we chose to exteriorize the sigmoid colon. On the 4th postoperative day, patchy @entity63 areas of an elevated sigmoid colon were noticed to worsen and as a result, we were forced to perform a sigmoid colectomy with end colostomy. Thereafter, the @entity1 developed @entity881 , but he recovered gradually. The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital 3 months after the initial operation. As a complication after surgery for @entity1028 , @entity63 remains a serious problem, especially in cases of @entity397 . It is generally better to avoid an operation for both @entity1028 and a colon resection at the same time. In this case, an exteriorization of the sigmoid colon was selected for the 1st operation in order to treat a @entity1755 . This surgical modality was found to be useful for making a correct diagnosis of @entity63 before the perforation, while a 2nd look operation for @entity63 could thus be performed under conditions of a reduced risk of @entity281 to the prosthetic graft. These operative procedures were considered to be important factors in saving the @entity1 's life.

title: Sigmoid colon exteriorization after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['colonic ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['discoloration and bowel spasm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: We present a rare case of low-grade @entity10053 coexisting with an @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) underwent surgery two times in a 38-year-old @entity1 . After the first surgery, this case was reported as a mixed low-grade @entity10053 and @entity2758 . The lesion was completely resected surgically along with @entity2758 . The @entity1 underwent postoperative radiotherapy. Twenty months later, MRI showed enhanced lesions in suprasellar, pineal region and multiple small lesions in the spinal cord, whereas completely no recurrent lesion at the primary @entity5 site. So, the @entity1 rationally underwent surgical removal in suprasellar and pineal region. After the second surgery, this case was diagnosed as a high-grade @entity10053 . Cells from the second surgical specimens showed high @entity1758 index and an increased @entity14382 index. In addition, it is not common for low-grade @entity10053 @entity3 to suprasellar, pineal region and spine with completely no recurrence at the original primary @entity5 site. Therefore it is difficult to predict @entity5 behavior and @entity1 's clinical outcome merely based on histologic features. The important issue is whether the @entity2758 was thought to be the cause of poor progress of this @entity5 . More cases are needed to confirm this. Classification and histogenesis of this @entity5 is still debated. Lack of clinicopathological correlation makes the prognosis of this @entity5 unpredictable. Anyway, we should be very discreet to treat the @entity10053 , even for low-grade @entity10053 .

title: Distant dissemination of mixed low-grade @entity10053 - XXXX after initial operation: a case report.

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation', 'AVM']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['astroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal function, as quantified by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), is a predictor of @entity204 in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). It is unknown whether one of the clinically-available serum @entity1011 -based formulas to calculate eGFR is superior to the others for predicting mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: We quantified renal function using five different formulas (Cockroft-Gault, MDRD-4, MDRD-6, CKD-EPI in @entity1 <70years, and BIS-1 in @entity1 >= 70years) in 1104 unselected @entity712 @entity1 presenting to the emergency department and enrolled in a multicenter study. Two independent cardiologists adjudicated the diagnosis of @entity712 . The primary endpoint was the accuracy of the five eGFR equations to predict @entity204 as quantified by the time-dependent area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC). The secondary endpoint was the accuracy to predict all-cause readmissions and readmissions due to @entity712 . In a median follow-up of 374days (IQR: 221 to 687days), 445 @entity1 (40.3%) died. eGFR as calculated by all equations was an independent predictor of mortality. The Cockcroft-Gault formula showed the highest prognostic accuracy (AUC 0.70 versus 0.65 for MDRD-4, 0.55 for MDRD-6, and 0.67 for the combined formula CKD-EPI/BIS-1, p<0.05). These findings were confirmed in @entity1 with varying degrees of renal function and in three vulnerable subgroups: @entity1 , @entity1 with severe @entity1002 , and the elderly. The prognostic accuracy for readmission was poor for all equations, with an AUC around 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: Calculating eGFR using the Cockcroft-Gault formula assesses the risk of mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 more accurately than other commonly used formulas.

title: Prediction of mortality using quantification of renal function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['AHF', 'acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An assessment of the rate of surgical site infections associated with elective paediatric otolaryngology surgical procedures. METHODS: Prospective data was collected for a 3-week period for all @entity1 undergoing surgery where either mucosa or skin was breached. The parents of the @entity1 were requested to complete a questionnaire at 30 days after the operation. RESULTS: Data was collected on 80 consecutive cases. The majority of cases were admitted on the day of the procedure. The procedures included adenotonsillectomy (24), grommets (12), cochlear implantation (6), bone-anchored hearing aid (2), submandibular gland excision (1), @entity50 (1), @entity3609 excision (3), @entity11 excision (1), microlaryngobronchoscopy (13), tracheostomy (3) and other procedures (14). Nearly half the cases had more than one operation done at the same time. 26/80 (32.5%) @entity1 had a temporary or permanent implant inserted at the time of operation (grommet, bone-anchored hearing aid, cochlear implant). 25/80 (31%) operative fields were classed as clean and 55/80 (68.7%) as clean contaminated operations. The duration of the operation varied from 6 min to 142 min. Hospital antibiotic protocol was adhered to in 69/80 (86.3%) cases but not in 11/80 cases. In our series, 3/80 (3.7%) @entity1 had an infection in the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 do occur at an appreciable rate in paediatric otolaryngology. With the potential for serious consequences, reduction in the risk of surgical site infections is important.

title: XXXX in paediatric otolaryngology operative procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic hygroma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['nasal glioma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical site infections']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['branchial sinus excision']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Surgical site infections']


abstract: The fungal pathogens @entity1327 and @entity3218 produce melanin-like pigments in the presence of L-dopa in vitro and during @entity1 infection. We investigated whether melanization affected the susceptibilities of the fungi to @entity2379 , @entity11794 , @entity2380 , @entity2059 , or @entity4895 ( @entity10498 ). Using the standard macrodilution MIC protocol (the @entity55658 protocol) of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for @entity375 , we found no difference in the susceptibilities of melanized and nonmelanized @entity1327 and @entity3218 isolates. Killing assays demonstrated that melanization reduced the susceptibilities of both fungi to @entity2379 and @entity11794 . Laccase-deficient @entity1327 cells grown with L-dopa were significantly more susceptible than congenic melanin-producing @entity375 to killing by @entity2379 or @entity11794 . Preincubation of @entity2379 or @entity11794 with @entity9203 decreased their antifungal activities. Elemental analysis of @entity9203 incubated with @entity2379 or @entity11794 revealed an alteration in the C:N ratios of the @entity9203 , which indicated binding of these drugs by the @entity9203 . In contrast, incubation of @entity2380 , @entity2059 , or 5FC with @entity9203 did not significantly affect the antifungal efficacies of the drugs or the chemical composition of the @entity9203 . The results suggest a potential explanation for the inefficacy of @entity11794 against @entity1327 in vivo, despite activity in vitro. Furthermore, the results indicate that fungal @entity9203 protect @entity1327 and @entity3218 from the activities of @entity2379 and @entity11794 and that this protection is not demonstrable by standard broth macrodilution assays.

title: Melanization of @entity1327 and @entity3218 reduces their susceptibilities to XXXX and @entity11794 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity9203 :: ('MESH:D008543', 'Chemical') :: ['melanins']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans', 'C. neoformans']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity55658 :: ('p|SUB|M|27|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M27A']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum', 'H. capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: To identify the causative substances for the shortening of survival time by rapeseed (Canola) oil in @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP), SHRSP were fed on a standard chow supplemented with 10 w/w% @entity1460 oil (control), rapeseed oil, one of the fractions of rapeseed oil obtained by super critical gas extraction (SCE) under a pressure of 180-bar or 350-bar, at 40 degrees C, or the residue from the extraction (with 0.5% @entity1219 in drinking water). In another series of experiment, SHRSP were fed for 8 weeks on the above-mentioned diets without salt loading and autopsied. @entity844 compositions in these diets were similar, except in the @entity1460 oil diet, and @entity37161 contents were: (diet containing) 180-bar fraction>residue>rapeseed oil>350-bar fraction> @entity1460 oil. Survival times in the rapeseed oil, 350-bar fraction and residue groups were shorter than, whereas that in the 180-bar fraction was similar to in the @entity1460 oil group. In the 8-week feeding experiment, chronic @entity8 was found frequently in the groups other than the @entity1460 oil group. The heart weights were higher in the rapeseed oil and residue groups. @entity39 was found in the residue group. Taken together, the followings are concluded, (1) Neither the @entity844 composition, nor the amount of @entity9541 in the diets appeared to be decisive in the shortening of life. (2) SCE appeared to produce a safe (180-bar) fraction, though it failed to separate clearly the causative substances into specific fractions. (3) The factors that facilitate the @entity74 of SHRSP appear to exist in rapeseed oil. However, they might not be identical to those responsible for the life-shortening, since there were no findings common across the rapeseed oil, 350-bar and residue groups, which showed similar life-shortening.

title: Exploration for unknown substances in rapeseed oil that shorten survival time of XXXX -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . Effects of super critical gas extraction fractions.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid', 'Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral necrosis']

entities_list: @entity37161 :: ('CHEBI:28824', 'Chemical') :: ['phytosterol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity9541 :: ('MESH:D010840', 'Chemical') :: ['phytosterols']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity68 -catalyzed production of reactive @entity26 species is a cause of @entity99 after @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R). The aim of the present study was to address the regulation of @entity21228 ( @entity21228 ), which mediates cellular @entity68 uptake, during I/R. The molecular mechanisms controlling @entity21228 gene expression in vivo during I/R of @entity35 liver were investigated by molecular biology procedures. We also analyzed @entity2594 -bound @entity68 uptake into surviving liver slices. Increased amounts of @entity21228 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) were found 2 to 6 hours after reestablishment of blood supply. RNA bandshift analysis showed that @entity68 regulatory protein ( @entity4124 ) activity was decreased in the first hours of reperfusion, thus indicating that @entity4124 -mediated mRNA stabilization was not involved in early @entity21228 upregulation. On the contrary, increased transcription of the @entity21228 gene in isolated nuclei was observed during reperfusion; during the @entity63 phase this was preceded by enhanced binding of @entity519 inducible factor (HIF-1) to a DNA sequence derived from the @entity21228 promoter. @entity66983 mRNA levels were also enhanced after reperfusion. The increased expression of @entity21228 at the cell surface resulted in increased uptake of @entity2594 -bound- @entity68 into surviving liver slices; however, @entity68 was not incorporated into ferritin. In conclusion, HIF-1 mediated activation of @entity21228 gene transcription and @entity4124 -mediated increase of @entity21228 mRNA stability ensure a steady induction of @entity21228 , and hence higher @entity68 uptake in reperfused @entity35 liver. @entity21228 -mediated entry of the metal into liver cells may represent a source of catalytically active @entity68 , which may play a role in reperfusion damage.

title: @entity2594 receptor gene expression and @entity2594 -bound XXXX uptake are increased during postischemic @entity35 liver reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: Metastatic lesions to the breast are unusual. We present a series of 26 cases of @entity3 to breast from extra-mammary sites over a period of 29 years. There were 14 female and 12 male @entity1 , and their ages ranged from 28 to 70 years. The @entity5 was in the upper outer quadrant in 16 @entity1 . All 26 cases noticed a mass in the breast and more than half of the @entity1 complained of discomfort and @entity158 . The mammary symptoms were present for more than 4 months in all @entity1 . Of the 26 cases, 13 cases had @entity420 , 12 cases had @entity957 and one case had poorly differentiated @entity189 . On mammography, 16 @entity1 showed high density lesions and on ultrasonography lesions were hypoechoic. Prognosis is poor but appears slightly improved since more refined chemo and immunotherapeutic regimens were available. The clinical, pathologic, and radiographic features of this problem are described.

title: XXXX to breast - A 29 year experience in a tertiary care hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1148 accompanying @entity5 and predicting the prognosis of @entity5 has been the subject of intensive research lately. Reports so far have evaluated the role of preoperative platelet count. In our present study we looked at the effect of @entity5 removal on platelet count and the predictive power of @entity86 on the survival of @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and histopathological data of 336 @entity1 operated due to @entity14 between 2001 and 2011. @entity1148 was defined as a platelet count exceeding 400 * 10(3)/ L. Preoperative platelet count was compared with the value measured 1 month postoperatively. RESULTS: The platelet count significantly decreased after the removal of the @entity5 (paired Wilcoxon test p < 0.001). In univariate analysis preoperative @entity1148 was a significant marker of overall survival (OS) with HR 2.2, p < 0.001 while the @entity86 was nearly significant with HR = 1.59, p = 0.087. In multivariate setting, when corrected for location, stage, @entity5 size and controlling for gender and age (> 65 years vs.  <= 65 years), both pre- and @entity86 were significant independent prognostic markers with HR 1.80, p = 0.20 and HR = 1.98, p = 0.018, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the pathomechanism of @entity1148 related to @entity5 is not known the decrease of platelet count after the removal of the @entity5 raises the possibility that the @entity5 may play an active role in the development of @entity1148 . Furthermore, the observation of @entity86 with significant worse outcome underlines the predictive power of @entity1423 .

title: Relationship of @entity86 and survival of XXXX with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytosis', 'thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['elevated platelet count']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'primary tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of menopause and three different formulations of E2 plus @entity11796 on serum concentrations of basal and @entity7704 ( @entity7704 )-stimulated @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), @entity442 ( @entity442 ), @entity10116 , @entity2301 , insulin, and C peptide. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled trial. SETTING: Menopausal outpatient clinic at an academic tertiary care hospital. @entity1 (S): Nineteen postmenopausal @entity1 with different menopausal ages. Seventeen premenopausal @entity1 were included as controls. INTERVENTION(S): Oral @entity172 (E2 valerate, 2 mg/d) or transdermal @entity172 (50-microg or 100-microg E2 patch) was administered for 8 weeks. @entity11796 (5 mg/d) was administered during weeks 3, 4, 7, and 8 of each protocol. Blood samples were collected before treatment and after the completion of each protocol from postmenopausal @entity1 , and on cycle days 6-8 from premenopausal @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Levels of @entity2124 , @entity442 , @entity10116 , @entity2301 , insulin, and C peptide. RESULT(S): Basal @entity2124 levels were negatively correlated with age in premenopausal @entity1 but not in postmenopausal @entity1 . The area under the @entity7704 -induced @entity2124 curve decreased in older postmenopausal @entity1 after the oral @entity172 protocol. Levels of @entity442 diminished after the oral E2 protocol in postmenopausal @entity1 . CONCLUSION(S): The administration of oral, but not transdermal, E2 plus @entity11796 at the usual clinical doses used in postmenopausal @entity1 decreased @entity442 levels and the response of @entity2124 to @entity7704 in older @entity1 . No substantial changes were detected in @entity10116 , @entity2301 , insulin, or C peptide levels.

title: Effect of menopause and different combined estradiol-progestin regimens on basal and XXXX -stimulated serum @entity2124 , @entity442 , @entity10116 , and @entity2301 levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate', 'Medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['GHRH', 'growth hormone-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity10116 :: ('3484', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1', 'IGFBP-1']

answer: @entity7704 :: (2691,Gene) :: ['growth hormone-releasing hormone']


abstract: @entity14256 , described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria as a chronically depressed mood that occurs most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years and has a lifetime prevalence rate of approximately 3.3% [Gwirtsman, 1994. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 30 (1994) 45.]. This disorder, which is disabling, often goes unrecognized and its sufferers are often undertreated, but recent evidence has suggested that @entity1 with dysthymia may respond to antidepressant treatment. Based on effective outcomes in previous studies using @entity905 (a @entity750 reuptake inhibitor) and @entity7301 (a 5- @entity7601 antagonist), it was hypothesized that @entity9021 , which is both a @entity750 ( @entity750 ) reuptake inhibitor (rather weak) and a 5- @entity7601 receptor antagonist, may provide an effective treatment for @entity1 with @entity14256 . Six @entity1 completed this 24-week pilot trial. A decrease in the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D) scores was observed from baseline to Week 24, although most changes occurred in the first 4 weeks of participation. There was an improvement in @entity148 symptomatology, both physiological and psychological. General functioning did not improve as observed by Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) scores. There may be some benefit to nefazodone for treatment of dysthymia, as indicated by positive results on HAM-D, Hamilton @entity148 Scale (HAM-AD), and Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HCL) scores within the first 4 weeks; however, it is possible that such dramatic results may be due to entry into the study alone, and not to medication.

title: @entity9021 treatment of XXXX an open, long-term, prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity14256 :: ('MESH:D019263', 'Disease') :: ['dysthymic disorder', 'Dysthymic disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity9021 :: ('MESH:C051752', 'Chemical') :: ['nefazodone']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['ritanserin']

answer: @entity14256 :: (MESH:D019263,Disease) :: ['dysthymic disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare dietary restriction behaviors among adults with @entity1277 involving @entity6426 , including @entity1278 -binge/purge subtype (AN-BE/P), @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ), and @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ), and to examine whether dietary restriction behaviors impact @entity6426 frequency across diagnoses. METHOD: @entity1 included 845 treatment seeking adults (M=30.42+10.76years) who met criteria for @entity4987 AN-BE/P (7.3%;n=62), @entity1279 (59.7%;n=504), and @entity5550 (33.0%;n=279). All @entity1 self-reported their past and current @entity1277 symptoms on the @entity1277 Questionnaire. RESULTS: Adults with AN-BE/P and @entity1279 reported significantly more dietary restriction behaviors (e.g. eating fewer meals per day, higher frequency of fasting, consuming small and low calorie meals) in comparison to adults with @entity5550 . Adults with AN-BE/P and @entity1279 who reported restricting food intake via eating fewer meals per day had more frequent @entity6426 episodes. However, adults with @entity1279 who reported restricting food intake via eating small meals and low calorie meals had less frequent @entity6426 episodes. DISCUSSION: This study provides mixed support for the restraint model by suggesting that not all dietary restriction behaviors are associated with higher levels of @entity6426 . It may be that adults with @entity1279 who report a higher frequency of eating small and low calorie meals display more control over their eating in general, and therefore also have lower frequency of @entity6426 . Clinicians should assess for dietary restriction behaviors at the start of treatment prior to assuming that all forms of strict dieting and weight control behaviors similarly impact @entity6426 .

title: Dietary Restriction Behaviors and Binge @entity1278 , Bulimia Nervosa and XXXX : Trans-diagnostic Examination of the Restraint Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Eating Disorder', 'eating disorders', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity5550 :: (MESH:D056912,Disease) :: ['Binge Eating Disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: The risk of traffic accident involvement is increased among @entity1 prescribed the z-hypnotic drug @entity9038 . Clinical test observations able to indicate @entity73 are therefore essential. This study compared the findings of a @entity73 ( @entity73 ) with those of a battery of computerized psychomotor tests of impairment (CPTI). METHODS: 16 healthy young male volunteers attended a research unit on four different study days, receiving in randomized order either placebo, @entity9038 5mg, @entity9038 10mg, or @entity167 50g. The @entity73 was performed twice and the CPTI was performed three times on each study day, with blood samples being collected for drug analysis. RESULTS: The @entity73 (and the CPTI) was able to demonstrate impairment at 1.5h, but no major impairment was found at 7h with the @entity73 , after intake of both @entity9038 and @entity1068 . The CPTI detected a significantly higher proportion of impaired observations than the @entity73 , both for @entity9038 and for @entity1068 , at all concentration levels. The sensitivity of the clinical tests in detecting blood drug concentrations often associated with impairment, due to @entity9038 (above 23ng/ml) and @entity167 (above 0.5g/l), was low, revealing 27 per cent and 18 per cent, respectively. The specificity, however, was higher, both for @entity9038 (88 per cent) and for @entity167 (96 per cent). DISCUSSION: The @entity73 may be a useful tool, especially during roadside investigation, when the police are in doubt as to whether the apprehended driver is impaired or not. A subject, who has consumed @entity9038 or @entity167 , tested with the @entity73 , with one or more subtests diverging from a habitual result, is likely to have a blood @entity9038 concentration above 23ng/ml or a BAC above 0.5g/l. A negative result, however, is less helpful.

title: Can a simple clinical test detect impairment of XXXX and @entity167 ? - A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['drug impairment', 'SCTI', 'simplified clinical test of impairment']

entities_list: @entity9038 :: ('MESH:C515050', 'Chemical') :: ['zopiclone']

answer: @entity9038 :: (MESH:C515050,Chemical) :: ['zopiclone']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3575 products have shown superiority to oral opioids for the management of breakthrough @entity5 (BTcP). However, these studies did not use appropriate @entity1 selection, and drugs have been compared by using different rationales. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomized, crossover, controlled study was to compare efficacy and safety of @entity3575 buccal tablets (FBTs) and oral @entity1286 (OM), given in doses proportional to opioid daily doses. METHODS: @entity5 @entity1 with @entity158 receiving >= 60  mg or more of oral @entity1286 equivalents per day and presenting with   <=3 episodes of BTcP per day were included. In a randomized, crossover manner, @entity1 received FBT or OM at doses proportional to the daily opioid regimen in four consecutive episodes of BTcP. @entity158 intensity was measured before (T0) and 15 (T15) and 30  minutes (T30), after study drugs. RESULTS: In total, 263 episodes of BTcP were treated. A statistical difference in changes in @entity158 intensity-decrease of >= 33% and >= 50%-between the two groups was observed at T15 and T30 (P  <  0.0005). No severe adverse effects after study drug administration were observed. CONCLUSION: When used in doses proportional to the basal opioid regimen, FBT showed a clear superiority and was well tolerated when compared with OM during the first 30  minutes, which is the approximate target for a timely intervention required for a BTcP medication.

title: XXXX Buccal Tablet vs. Oral @entity1286 in Doses Proportional to  the  Basal Opioid Regimen for the Management of Breakthrough @entity5 : A Randomized, Crossover, Comparison Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['Fentanyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE) for the management of iatrogenic and blunt @entity1317 (ICA) injuries associated with @entity922 . METHODS: From May 1999 through April 2007, 24 consecutive @entity1 (17 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ; mean age 53 years) presenting with active ICA @entity548 underwent TAE mainly by means of coils combined with @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) particles. Eleven of them had blunt @entity130 (group A, n = 11) and 13 had @entity130 (group B, n = 13). In all @entity1 , @entity1317 resulted in @entity548 with clinical deterioration and hemothorax. Before discharge, all @entity1 underwent clinical examination, laboratory tests, and chest x-ray. After discharge, no specific follow-up protocol was required, and the @entity1 were questioned on their state of health at regular intervals and underwent CT or chest x-ray as needed. RESULTS: Primary technical success (PTS) was achieved in 21 of 24 @entity1 (87.5%). In group A, it was achieved in all but one @entity1 (90.9%) and in group B in 11 of 13 @entity1 (84.6%). A total of three @entity1 needed secondary interventions, which failed in one of them, amounting to a secondary technical success rate (STS) of 8.3%. The total cumulative mortality rate was 37.5% (n = 9). In group A, it was 9.1% (n = 1) and in group B, it was 61.5% (n = 8). 30-day-mortality was 9.1% in group A, where one @entity1 died due to multiple severe associated injuries, and 30.8% (n = 4) in group B, where one @entity1 died due to treatment failure and three @entity1 due to severe comorbidities. During follow-up, no more @entity204 occurred in group A, while in group B, four more @entity1 died due to severe comorbidities, amounting to a late mortality rate of 30.8%. No technical complications and no complications such as chest wall or @entity2759 were observed. The mean observation period was 44.6 months in group A and 23.8 months in group B. CONCLUSION: TAE of ICAs is a minimally invasive, safe, and reliable treatment option to control massive intrathoracic @entity548 , especially in @entity1 with serious comorbidities and/or @entity1230 . However, it should be performed only by experienced interventionalists and exact knowledge of the anatomic features of the affected artery and of collateral pathways is mandatory to avoid complications.

title: Transcatheter XXXX for the management of iatrogenic and blunt @entity1317 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'acute bleeding']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'iatrogenic injuries']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic intercostal artery', 'ICA injuries']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['hemothorax and clinical deterioration']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['arterial embolization']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the use of @entity702 mandibular reconstruction plates after @entity5 surgery. The medical records of 36 @entity1 were reviewed. The mean follow-up was 22 months. All @entity1 had primary reconstruction of the mandible with Leibinger @entity702 plates. Thirty @entity1 underwent postoperative radiotherapy with the plate in the field. The mean dose was 60 Grays over 6 weeks and the overdosage into tissues was reduced to 5%. Thirty @entity1 (83%) had retained the plate at 6 months and no sign of @entity4034 was found in any @entity1 . Quality of speech and @entity1282 were satisfactory in 63% and 94% of the @entity1 respectively; sixty-six p. cent of them found their cosmetic appearance good or excellent. The overall success rate of the technique was 74%. This technique did not excessively prolong operating time unlike microvascular transfer. Plates are an effective method of primary reconstruction in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 and uncertain long-term survival. Tolerance of plates after radiotherapy is outstanding. Speech, @entity1282 and facial contour are immediately restored and further bone reconstruction is feasible.

title: [Results of the use of XXXX mandibular reconstruction plates].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['deglutition']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: AIM: To estimate the incidence of severe chemical @entity267 in the UK and describe presenting clinical features and initial management. METHODS: All @entity1 with severe chemical @entity267 in the UK from December 2005 to November 2006 inclusive were prospectively identified using the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit. Reporting ophthalmologists provided information regarding presentation and follow-up. RESULTS: Twelve cases were identified, giving a minimum estimated incidence in the UK of severe chemical @entity267 .7% of injuries were in males of working age, 50% occurred at work, and alkali was causative in 66.7%. Only one @entity1 was wearing eye protection at the time of injury, 75% received immediate irrigation. Six @entity1 required one or more surgical procedures, most commonly amniotic membrane graft. At 6 months' follow-up, the best-corrected visual acuity was 6/12 or better in five @entity1 , and worse than 6/60 in two. CONCLUSION: The incidence of severe chemical @entity267 in the UK is low. The cases that occur can require extended hospital treatment, with substantial ocular morbidity and visual sequelae. Current enforcement of eye protection in the workplace in the UK has probably contributed to a reduced incidence of severe @entity11350 .

title: Surveillance of severe chemical XXXX in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11350 :: ('MESH:D005126', 'Disease') :: ['ocular burns']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal injury of 0.02 per 100,000. 66', 'corneal injury', 'corneal injuries']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['corneal injuries']


abstract: We have previously suggested that alterations in sequential early gene responses of trophic factors ( @entity2135 --> @entity5019 -->NGF) contribute to impaired peripheral nerve regeneration in type 1 @entity6 BB/ @entity35 . To study the role these responses may play in type 2 @entity6 nerve regeneration, BB/ @entity35 were subjected to sciatic nerve @entity130 . The expression of @entity2135 , @entity5019 , NGF and the receptors @entity9247 and @entity7814 were determined at the protein and mRNA levels in sciatic nerve distal to the crush site by immunoblotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. In situ hybridization was performed to assess the cellular localization of @entity2135 , NGF, @entity9247 , and @entity7814 mRNA and immunohistochemistry served to localize the source of @entity9247 and @entity7814 protein expression. The data were compared to those of type 1 @entity6 BB/Wor- @entity35 and non- @entity6 controls. Increased expression of @entity2135 in Schwann cells is the first growth factor response to injury and peaked at 0.5 hours (h) in control, 2 h in type 2 @entity35 , and 24 h in type 1 @entity35 . @entity7814 was expressed in Schwann cells and its expression was asynchronous to @entity2135 expression in type 1 @entity35 but remained synchronous with @entity2135 in control and type 2 animals. The expression of the immediate early proto-oncogene @entity5019 exhibited an initial peak at 6 h in control animals, 24 h in type 2, and 2 days (d) in type 1 animals. The initial peak of NGF expression occurred at 6 h in non- @entity6 @entity35 , 24 h in type 2, and 2 d in type 1 @entity6 @entity35 . The expression of @entity9247 was delayed and attenuated in type 1 @entity6 @entity35 ; however, in type 2 @entity6 @entity35 it was similar to that of non- @entity6 @entity35 . These data indicate that early gene responses following nerve damage are significantly less perturbed in type 2 compared to type 1 @entity6 . These differences may account for the more efficient nerve regeneration seen in type 2 @entity3949 .

title: Early gene responses of trophic factors in nerve regeneration differ in experimental type 1 and type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crush injury']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic polyneuropathies']


abstract: The authors studied the prevalence of @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ) in the group of 656 @entity1 and adolescents (329 males and 327 females), who were a representative sample (obtained with the Monte Carlo method of statistical trials) of all newborns in the city of Maribor, Republic of Slovenia, in the period of 18 years (1976-1992). The results were considered positive in @entity1 and adolescents who in addition to possible history ( @entity662 , palpitations, @entity1296 , @entity909 , @entity10 , perspiration), probable auscultatory finding (mezzosystolic click and late systolic murmur), and suspected phonocardiographic and ECG findings, also had a positive M-mode echocardiographic finding. The criteria for @entity3454 on M-mode echocardiography were taken from the literature: descending of mitral cusp, either anterior or posterior, of at least 3 mm below the line connecting points C and D. @entity1 and adolescents were divided into six age groups ( @entity1 , toddlers, preschool @entity1 , early school age, @entity1 in puberty, adolescents). Assuming @entity3454 as a cause of @entity943 , beside standard ECG we also performed holter ECG monitoring in 61 @entity1 and adolescents (29 with @entity3454 , 32 without @entity3454 ). The results were tested with standard statistical tools (chi 2-test, Student t-test, 2 x 2 Fisher chi 2-test). @entity3454 was found in 71 @entity1 (10.8%, 32 males and 39 females). As regards age and sex we found lower prevalence of @entity3454 in male @entity1 (9.7%) compared to female @entity1 (11.9%). The highest prevalence was found in early school age, more so in females (14.2 vs 13.7). The differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In both sexes most frequent was endosystolic prolapse (males 59.3%, females 51.3%). Most commonly both cusps are involved in the prolapse (males 78.1%, females 66.7%). Most frequently measured descending of the cusps was 3-4.5 mm (males 56.2%, females 48.7%). Negative auscultatory finding (silent @entity3454 ) was detected in 47.8% of the @entity1 with @entity3454 . Most @entity1 with diagnosed @entity3454 had no symptoms (71.8%). The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity3454 with age in both sexes. The prevalence of @entity943 , both in standard ECG and holter ECG, is higher in @entity1 with @entity3454 (6.8:0%--NS and 44.6%:9.3%--p < 0.05). The influence of constitutional changes (dolichostenomelia, asthenic constitution, genua valga) on the appearance of @entity3454 is reflected in statistically significant difference in the Rohr' index in the group of @entity1 with @entity3454 in relation to the healthy group (p < 0.05). The higher prevalence of @entity10 and @entity1296 in the group with @entity3454 is statistically significant (p < 0.05).

title: [The mitral valve prolapse syndrome in XXXX and adolescents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['MVP declines', 'mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A loss of reduction due to inadequate support of the anterior column when using short-segment instrumentation to treat @entity174 and novel methods for support of the anterior column through a posterior approach to augment posterior instrumentation have been reported in the literature. We hypothesized that if anterior column support is an important adjunct to posterior short-segment instrumentation, then avoidance of axial load until sufficient anterior column healing occurs, allowing load-sharing with the implant, would improve spinal alignment at follow-up. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in which consecutive @entity1 who had instrumentation and fusion with the AO spinal fixator were immediately ambulated after surgery or had 4 weeks of bedrest. We measured @entity1513 and wedge angles preoperatively, immediately postoperatively and at the time of final follow-up. We used radiologic measures to assess instrumentation and bone failure. RESULTS: We found significant differences in the mean loss of wedge and @entity1513 angle correction between @entity1 immediately ambulated and those who had 4 weeks of bedrest (0.71 masculine v. - 4.73 masculine for wedge and 1.81 masculine v. - 6.55 masculine for @entity1513 , respectively). There was significant correlation between instrumentation and bone failure in both the immediate ambulation and bedrest groups. CONCLUSION: Bedrest improves the maintenance of intraoperative sagittal alignment correction, which is in agreement with the theory that inadequate support of the anterior spinal column is the mechanism for loss of reduction when using short-segment instrumentation to treat @entity174 . Therefore, addressing the anterior column directly through anterior surgery or by employing novel techniques in posterior surgery is recommended if one of the goals of treatment is to maintain the sagittal correction achieved at the time of surgery. Trying to achieve this goal by addressing posterior implant design or bone quality alone will not be successful because instrumentation and bone failure occur together.

title: Postoperative bedrest improves the alignment of thoracolumbar XXXX treated with the AO spinal fixator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['burst fractures', 'burst fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['burst fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This review provides an overview of current and potential new diagnostic tests for @entity9046 ( @entity9046 ) and @entity548 ( @entity548 ) viruses compiled from international @entity1 of the Orbivirus Gap Analysis Workshop, Diagnostic Group. The emphasis of this review is on diagnostic tools available to North American veterinary diagnosticians. Standard diagnostic tests are readily available for @entity9046 / @entity548 viruses, and there are described tests that are published in the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Manual. There is however considerable variation in the diagnostic approach to these viruses. Serological assays are well established, and many laboratories are experienced in running these assays. Numerous nucleic acid amplification assays are also available for @entity9046 virus (BTV) and @entity548 virus (EHDV). Although there is considerable experience with BTV reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), there are no standards or comparisons of the protocols used by various state and federal veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Methods for genotyping BTV and EHDV isolates are available and are valuable tools for monitoring and analyzing circulating viruses. These methods include RT-PCR panels or arrays, RT-PCR and sequencing of specific genome segments, or the use of next-generation sequencing. In addition to enabling virus characterization, use of advanced molecular detection methods, including DNA microarrays and next-generation sequencing, significantly enhance the ability to detect unique virus strains that may arise through genetic drift, recombination, or viral genome segment reassortment, as well as incursions of new virus strains from other geographical areas.

title: Diagnostic Tools for Bluetongue and XXXX Viruses Applicable to North American Veterinary Diagnosticians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity9046 :: ('MESH:D001819', 'Disease') :: ['BT', 'bluetongue']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['epizootic hemorrhagic disease', 'EHD']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease']


abstract: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 and @entity1555 ) are severe and mild phenotypes, respectively, of the mutated @entity4714 gene. Based on the frameshift theory, an out-of-frame deletion causes @entity1555 , while an in-frame deletion causes @entity1555 . Amplification of deletion-prone exons by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used for the screening of deletion mutations of the @entity4714 gene. However, it is difficult to determine the resulting translational reading frame in deleted cases by amplification of the deletion-prone exons. To determine the resulting translational reading frame, we employed a method which selectively amplifies exons affecting the following translational reading frame. Using this method, thirty-three @entity1555 / @entity1555 @entity1 with a deletion mutation in the central region of the @entity4714 gene were examined. Twenty-seven of 29 @entity1555 @entity1 had out-of-frame deletions, while only two had in-frame deletions. All four @entity1555 @entity1 had in-frame deletions. Therefore, 93.9% @entity1 fitted the frameshift theory. This method is very useful for clinical diagnosis because of its precision and convenience.

title: Amplification of selected exons by polymerase chain reaction enables determination of the translational reading frame of XXXX mRNA resulting from deletion mutations.

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies', 'BMD', 'DMD']

answer: @entity4714 :: (1756,Gene) :: ['dystrophin']


abstract: We report 54 @entity1 with critical @entity66 (16 females, 38 males, age 21-84 years, mean 63.2 years) who were treated with bedside percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) because of @entity1576 due to their cerebral disease. Bronchoscopically guided PDT was performed after stabilisation of the acute stage of @entity66 . In 15 cases, Ciaglia's multiple dilation technique was used, and in 39 @entity1 the dilational forceps technique according to Griggs was performed. In 14 cases (five Ciaglia's method, nine Griggs technique), @entity428 ( @entity428 ) was monitored throughout the procedure. Fifty-two procedures were completed. In two cases, PDT had to be aborted because of inability to puncture the @entity825 . No @entity204 occurred. There was a total complication rate of 16.7%, including the aborted procedures, with 3.7% of the complications classified as severe. No increase in @entity428 was noted. We conclude that bedside PDT, especially with the Griggs system, is safe and effective if done under bronchoscopic control. With the standard narcotic regimen used in our @entity1 , no increase in @entity428 occurred.

title: Experience with two different techniques of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in 54 neurosurgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical diseases', 'neurosurgical disease']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) plasma levels and the outcome of @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ). METHODS: In a prospective case-control study, demographic, clinical, and Glasgow @entity772 Scale score data were collected. Outcome was evaluated according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale score at the time of discharge from  the hospital and 6 months after hospitalization. Plasma levels of @entity5784 were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Computed tomography scan of the brain was performed within the first 24 hours of hospitalization. RESULTS: The case group comprised 150 @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity1 , 54.7%; mean age, 55.90 years    12.31), and a control group comprised 150 healthy individuals ( @entity1 , 52%; mean age, 49.56 years    15.64) were studied. The mean    SD plasma @entity5784 level in the @entity131 group (20.91  mol/L    15.56) was significantly higher than plasma @entity5784 level in the control group (7.45  mol/L    13.54, P  = 0.000). There was a significant relationship between @entity5784 plasma levels and Glasgow @entity772 Scale score and computed tomography findings classified by the Marshall score. (P  = 0.001 and P  = 0.028, respectively). Also, there was a significant difference in mean @entity5784 plasma between @entity1 who died as a result of @entity131 and @entity1 who were still alive at the end of the study period according to Glasgow Outcome Scale score (P  = 0.000 and P  = 0.054, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation in this study between plasma @entity5784 levels and severity of @entity130 and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity131 .

title: Correlation Between Serum XXXX Levels and Outcome of @entity1 with Severe @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: OBJECT Perineural spread along pelvic autonomie nerves has emerged as a logical, anatomical explanation for selected cases of @entity5 ( @entity10145 ) in @entity1 with prostate, @entity150 . The authors wondered whether common radiological and clinical patterns shared by various types of @entity5 exist. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed their institutional series of 17 cases concluded as perineural @entity5 spread. All available history, physical examination, electrodiagnostic studies, biopsy data and imaging studies, evidence of other @entity3 , and follow-up were recorded in detail. The series was divided into 2 groups: cases with @entity5 confirmed by biopsy (Group A) and cases included based on imaging characteristics despite the lack of biopsy or negative biopsy results (Group B). RESULTS Group A comprised 10 @entity1 (mean age 69 years); 9 @entity1 were symptomatic and 1 was asymptomatic. The @entity1930 were most frequently involved. Three @entity1 had intradural extension. Seven @entity1 were alive at last follow-up. Group B consisted of 7 @entity1 (mean age 64 years); 4 @entity1 were symptomatic, 2 were asymptomatic, and 1 had only imaging available. The @entity1930 were most frequently involved. No @entity1 had intradural extension. Four @entity1 were alive at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The authors provide a unifying theory to explain @entity10145 in select cases of various @entity530 . The @entity5 cells can use splanchnic nerves as conduits and spread from the end organ to the lumbosacral plexus. @entity5 can continue to spread along osseous and muscle nerve branches, resulting in muscle and bone " @entity3 ." Radiological studies show a reproducible, although nonspecific pattern, and the same applies to clinical presentation.

title: Perineural spread of pelvic XXXX and beyond: clinical and imaging patterns.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pelvic cancer', 'Tumor', 'neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder, rectal, and cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['L5-S1 spinal nerves and the sciatic nerve', 'L5-S1 spinal nerves and sciatic nerve']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral plexopathy', 'LSP']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies to the lumbosacral plexus']


abstract: This is a case report of intestinal @entity1712 caused by Ascaris ova and worm which is supposed to be rare in Korea. CASE: A 23 year old healthy female reached Pusan Sanitation Hospital with complaints of high fever and @entity490 on December 3 in 1966. Examination: Her temperature was 99.6'F. Pulse 80. Abdominal palpation showed @entity2003 and @entity925 . On the right side of the abdomen diagnosis due to @entity397 was made, and a laparotomy was performed the same day. OPERATION: Intestinal perforation by a Ascaris worm in the caecum about 7 cm from the ileo-caecal junction was also found. The worm was liquefied already. The intestine was @entity4 . Numerous @entity579 sized nodules were seen on the intestine. The omentum was markdly inflammed and was adhered with a fist size mass. The mass and appendix were also resected in order to do a histological study. PATHOLOGY: Two kinds of tissues were examined : one a mesenteric mass, the other lymph node. MICROSCOPICALLY: it showed intensive and entirely @entity39 tissue in which numerous parasitic ova were surrounded by granulomatous inflammatory cells with eosinophiles. The parasitic ova were degenerative and partialy @entity39 although they had three layers of egg shell which are identified with Ascaris ova.

title: [A case report of intestinal XXXX du to Ascaris Ova]

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rigidity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured appendix']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']