abstract: The pathogenetic process of @entity6 and the role of different systemic risk factors in @entity1723 and @entity2175 is not completely understood. The aim of the present cross-sectional clinical study was (1) to compare the prevalence of systemic risk factors for @entity6 in @entity1723 and @entity2175 @entity1 , (2) to determine relations between these risk factors and the degree of @entity989 and (3) to evaluate the relationship between @entity989 and @entity16 . The study included 1,218 @entity1723 and 784 @entity2175 @entity1 attending our hospital during 1994. The mean @entity6 duration was 15.4 and 13.2 years, respectively. @entity1723 @entity1 with @entity989 were characterized by higher mean age of 46.4 +/- 1.08 vs. 21.8 +/- 0.42 years and longer @entity6 duration of 30.0 +/- 0.79 vs. 7.7 +/- 0.26 years. Among the @entity2175 @entity1 , those ones with @entity989 had the lowest mean age of 40.5 +/- 1.42 vs. 49.7 +/- 0.61 years (p < 0.01) at @entity6 manifestation. There was no statistical difference between mean HbA1c concentrations in relation to @entity989 stages. Albumin excretion was increased in both @entity1723 and @entity2175 @entity1 with @entity989 (p < 0.01) along with increased BMI of @entity1723 and increased insulin requirement of @entity2175 @entity1 (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that @entity989 with the inclusion of @entity989 of @entity1723 and @entity2175 @entity1 was significantly correlated with @entity6 duration, albumin excretion, @entity4148 (p < 0.01). In @entity2175 @entity1 @entity989 with the inclusion of @entity989 was correlated with the age at @entity6 manifestation and with @entity165 levels (p < 0.05). In @entity1723 and @entity2175 @entity1 @entity989 was found to be correlated with @entity4148 , albumin excretion (p < 0.01) and @entity101 (p < 0.05). The importance of the significant correlation of @entity4148 both with background and @entity989 in @entity1723 and @entity2175 @entity1 needs to be prospectively investigated.

title: Relations between @entity6 and cardiovascular neuropathy--a cross-sectional study in @entity1723 and @entity2175 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy', 'somatic and autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'non-proliferative retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The carcinogenicity of @entity18639 ( @entity18640 ), a worldwide contaminant of @entity4336 produced by Fusaria species of fungi, has been tested recently in 2-year feeding studies in Fischer F344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . Inclusion of @entity18640 at 50 and 80 ppm in the diet induced @entity96 in female @entity19 , and at 50 and 150 ppm induced @entity703 in male @entity35 (22). In the present study, the kidneys from the @entity35 bioassay were examined to characterize the various histopathological changes associated with @entity703 induction. In all high-dose (150 ppm) and mid-dose (50 ppm) male @entity35 , and to a lesser extent in high-dose (100 ppm) female @entity35 , there was evidence of sustained nephrotoxicity manifested as basophilia, apoptosis, cell regeneration, and simple tubule @entity1373 , affecting proximal convoluted tubules in the deep cortex, extending into the outer region of the outer stripe of outer medulla. A further alteration consisted of sporadic areas of @entity1986 in deep cortex, suggestive of expanded basement membrane, coupled with tubule atrophy. The continued presence of nephrotoxicity throughout chronic exposure to @entity18640 suggested that @entity703 development may have been an outcome of sustained cell loss and compensatory regeneration. In some cases, preneoplastic tubules or incipient @entity703 presented an immature or fetal form in association with @entity1986 . The @entity703 induced by @entity18640 were typified by a rare, highly malignant, anaplastic variant capable of growth by infiltration. Of the 10 @entity703 diagnosed in the mid-dose males, and the 16 in the high-dose males, 8 and 10, respectively, were graded as @entity189 . Anaplastic variants represented 50% of the mid-dose @entity189 and 80% of the high-dose @entity189 . One of the @entity189 in a mid-dose male was a true @entity1358 phenotype not previously recorded in the rodent. Metastatic invasion of the lung occurred with 25% of the mid-dose @entity189 and 50% of the high-dose @entity189 . It was speculated that @entity18640 may have been influencing the growth characteristics of the induced @entity703 via its inhibitory action on the synthesis of @entity13740 , which in turn, participate in regulating cell contact, growth, and differentiation, or alternatively by affecting cell adhesion molecules.

title: @entity35 kidney pathology induced by chronic exposure to XXXX includes rare variants of renal tubule tumor.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity18639 :: ('MESH:C056933', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisin B1']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'anaplastic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity13740 :: ('MESH:D013107', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipids']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial hyalinization']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal tubule tumors', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity18639 :: (MESH:C056933,Chemical) :: ['fumonisin B1']


abstract: Thirty three @entity95 were randomly divided into three groups, i.e. the control group, the high atmospheric pressure. (HAP) group and the hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) group. The experimental animals were made into the models of reperfusion for acute incomplete @entity2806 . The blood-gas analyses drawn from the common carotid arteries and the internal jugular veins were carried out, and the @entity33449 and TXB2 in the brain tissues determined. The results showed that the contents of @entity33449 in the brain tissues of the HBO groups were significantly increased (P less than 0.01). While those of TXB2 were significantly decreased (P less than 0.01). The @entity4095 in both the arterial and the venous blood were obviously elevated in the HBO group. Pathological examination showed that the brain tissue damages in the HBO group were the slightest among the three groups. It was postulated that the effect of HBO on @entity33449 and TXB2 might reflect one of the mechanisms of HBO for the treatment of @entity2806 .

title: [The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on prostaglandin I2 and thromboxane A2 during reperfusion for experimental @entity2806 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'acute cerebral ischemia']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to test (1) whether @entity925 is influenced by temporal and spatial summation, and (2) whether sequential noxious muscle stimuli applied at hourly interstimulus-intervals could produce an increased sensation of @entity158 due to central hyperexcitability. In the study eleven healthy @entity1 were exposed to computer-controlled intramuscular infusion of saline (5%) given over 20 s in m. tibialis anterior (m. TA). The intensities of local and referred @entity158 were assessed by recordings on visual analogue scales (VAS), and the areas of @entity158 (around the injection site) and referred @entity158 (outside the @entity158 area) were localised by the subject. Three experiments were performed. Experiment 1: Each subject participated in three tests separated by one week: (a) bolus (0.4 ml saline) infusion at one site; (b) four sequential infusions (0.1 ml saline) given at 90-s interstimulus-intervals at one site; and (c) four sequential infusions (0.1 ml saline) given at 360-s interstimulus-intervals at one site. Experiment 2: This was performed as experiment 1, but the infusions were given at spatially separated sites. Experiment 3. @entity4372 saline (0.1 ml) was injected one, four and 24 h after the sequential infusions (90-s interstimulus-intervals) given at spatially separated sites. The highest VAS peak and the largest local and referred @entity158 areas were found after the bolus infusions. Compared to the first infusion, significant increases were found in the VAS peak, the size of the @entity158 area, and the size of the referred @entity158 area (non-significant) after the four sequential infusions given at 90-s interstimulus-intervals (temporal summation). Four spatially separated infusions given simultaneously produced a higher VAS peak, a larger @entity158 area, and a larger referred @entity158 area (non-significant) compared to one infusion (spatial summation). The infusion given 4 h after the sequential infusions tended to produce an increase in the referred @entity158 area and in the @entity158 intensity. In all three experiments significant correlations were found between the VAS peak and the size of the local (R = 0.64, P < 0.0001, n = 231) and referred (R = 0.47, P < 0.0001, n = 231) @entity158 areas. Based on the above results it can be concluded that experimental @entity925 is influenced by temporal and spatial summation.

title: Quantification of local and referred XXXX in @entity1 after sequential i.m. injections of hypertonic saline.

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'local pain']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['muscle pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the present status of radiotherapy infrastructure and @entity1 resources in Switzerland and compute projections for  2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The European Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology "Quantification of Radiation Therapy Infrastructure and Staffing" guidelines (ESTRO-QUARTS) and those of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were applied to estimate the requirements for teleradiotherapy (TRT) units, radiation oncologists (RO), medical physicists (MP) and radiotherapy technologists (RTT). The databases used for computation of the present gap and additional requirements are (a)  Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence (GLOBOCAN) for @entity5 incidence (b)  the Directory of Radiotherapy Centres (DIRAC) of the IAEA for existing TRT units (c)  @entity1 resources from the recent ESTRO "Health Economics in Radiation Oncology" ( @entity1161 ) survey and (d)  radiotherapy utilization (RTU) rates for each @entity5 site, published by the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research (IIAMR). RESULTS: In 2015, 30,999  of 45,903  @entity5 @entity1 would have required radiotherapy. By 2020, this will have increased to 34,041  of 50,427  @entity5 @entity1 . Switzerland presently has an adequate number of TRTs, but a  deficit of 57  ROs, 14  MPs and 36  RTTs. By 2020, an additional 7  TRTs, 72  ROs, 22  MPs and 66  RTTs will be required. In addition, a  realistic dynamic model for calculation of staff requirements due to anticipated changes in future radiotherapy practices has been proposed. This model could be tailor-made and individualized for any radiotherapy centre. CONCLUSION: A  9.8   % increase in radiotherapy requirements is expected for @entity5 @entity1 over the next 5  years. The present study should assist the stakeholders and health planners in designing an appropriate strategy for meeting future radiotherapy needs for Switzerland.

title: Radiotherapy infrastructure and XXXX resources in Switzerland : Present status and projected computations for  2020.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are a group of @entity245 characterized by impairments in communication, social interaction and behavior. In most cases @entity2438 is caused by a combination of genetic factors and environmental risk factors. In 10% to 20% of cases it has been shown that the cause of @entity2438 is genetic. CASE OUTLINE: We are describing a 2-year-old @entity1 who was referred to genetic counseling because of speech delay and certain @entity2438 -like behavior. By cytogenetic analysis the karyotype 46, inv(X),Y was obtained. The @entity1 was a carrier of a paracentric inversion of the short arm of the chromosome X. After cytogenetic analysis of parental blood, it was detected that mother was a carrier of identical aberration, but had no clinical signs. The method of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) yielded the precise breakpoint in the region (p21.2p11.23). Mother and son were carriers of identical X chromosome. CONCLUSION: Breakpoints are located in the regions that have already been linked to @entity2438 , which indicates that the positional effect of the gene could have been a possible cause of the @entity1 's genotype. In addition to positional effects, in order to better understand the etiology of @entity2438 other genetic and environmental factors should be always taken into consideration.

title: [Family paracentric inversion of the short arm of chromosome X (Xp21.2p11.23) and connection with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['complex pervasive developmental disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorders']


abstract: Previous studies suggest that alterations in the microtubule (MT)-tubulin equilibrium during G0/G1 affect mitogenesis. To determine the effect of growth factors on the MT-tubulin equilibrium, we developed a radioactive monoclonal antibody binding assay (Ball et al.: J. Cell. Biol. 103:1033-1041, 1986). With this assay, 3H-Ab 1-1.1 binding to cytoskeletons in confluent populations of cultured cells is proportional to the number of tubulin subunits polymerized into MTs. We now show that purified alpha- @entity10993 increases 3H-Ab 1-1.1 binding to cytoskeletons of serum-arrested @entity19 embryo (ME) fibroblasts from 1.5- to 3-fold. This stimulation is dose-dependent and correlates with concentrations of @entity10993 required for initiation of DNA synthesis. Other mitogenic factors, @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ) and @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), also stimulate MT polymerization. Addition of @entity3812 (0.3 microM) eight hours after growth factor addition, blocks stimulation of @entity665 incorporation by @entity10993 , @entity6354 , or @entity4515 , suggesting that tubulin polymerization or subsequent events triggered by MT polymerization are required for cells to enter a proliferative cycle. Consistent with models for autoregulation of tubulin synthesis, @entity10993 , @entity6354 , and @entity4515 all increase tubulin synthesis 9 to 15 hr after growth factor addition, raising the possibility that the decrease in free tubulin and subsequent stimulation of tubulin synthesis is linked to progression of cells into a proliferative cycle. @entity3812 addition to these cells also stimulates DNA synthesis, but @entity3812 -stimulated cells enter S phase 6 to 8 hr later than those stimulated by growth factors. This delayed stimulation may be related to the time required for degradation of tubulin- @entity3812 complexes below a critical level. These data suggest that regulation of cell proliferation may be linked to increased MT polymerization and the resulting decrease in free tubulin pools.

title: XXXX , @entity6354 , and phorbol myristate acetate stimulate tubulin polymerization in quiescent cells: a potential link to mitogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine', 'Colchicine']

answer: @entity10993 :: (14061(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Thrombin']


abstract: Liver surgery and liver transplantation as well as @entity1457 are often associated with @entity99 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. Recent evidence suggests that @entity1505 plays a central role in I/R injury and, therefore, down-regulation of @entity1505 seems to be a promising way to protect against the deleterious consequences of I/R. Endotoxin tolerance represents a state of unresponsiveness to endotoxin and is associated with diminished @entity1505 production. Thus, the effect of endotoxin tolerance on hepatic I/R @entity99 was investigated in a @entity35 model. I/R injury was induced by temporary @entity63 of the left lateral liver lobe for 90 min followed by a 3 h observation period of reperfusion. I/R injury resulted in functional @entity99 characterized by a decrease both in bile flow and @entity6741 concentration and 50% mortality. This was prevented by induction of endotoxin tolerance. Hepatic @entity1505 mRNA expression after I/R of the liver was determined by RT-PCR. In untreated @entity35 , @entity1505 mRNA was induced in the liver 60 min after reperfusion and further increased until 3 h after reperfusion. In contrast, in endotoxin-tolerant @entity35 , no increases in @entity1505 mRNA expression were detected. This suggests that induction of endotoxin tolerance protects against @entity5721 possibly via down-regulation of intra-organ @entity1505 expression.

title: Endotoxin tolerance protects against local XXXX /reperfusion injury in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory shock']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disorder', 'injury of the liver', 'hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic ischemia']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 (seven @entity1 , five @entity1 ) who had @entity6926 were treated with an extensible-rod system in 21 femurs and 15 tibias. Indications for use of extensible rods were @entity174 , @entity79 prohibiting bracing and ambulation, and significant remaining linear growth. The average @entity1 age at the time of placement of the extensible rods was 6 + 8 years (range, 2 + 4-10 + 10). Six femurs were treated with overlapping Rush rods; Bailey-Dubow rods were used in the remaining femurs and in all tibias. The average length of follow-up was 5 + 9 years (range, 2 + 0-3 + 2). Preoperatively, four of the 12 @entity1 had never walked; postoperatively, all were ambulators with varying levels of assistance. Fourteen complications occurred, 12 of which required operative revision of the extensible rods. The average time between primary extensible rodding and revision was 5 + 1 years. No complications have occurred to date related to the use of overlapping Rush rods. No growth disturbance resulted from the use of the extensible-rod systems.

title: Management of lower-extremity deformities in XXXX with extensible intramedullary rod technique: a 20-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['long-bone deformity']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['multiple fractures']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: Hyperacute changes in the expression of glycolysis-associate gene products as well as FDG uptake in @entity5 cells after high-dose irradiation reflect response of the cells to noxious intervention and may be a potential indicator of the outcome of treatment. To understand acute effects on the kinetics of @entity413 metabolism of @entity5 in vivo after high-dose irradiation, we analyzed dynamic FDG PET data in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1313 receiving stereotactic radiosurgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 5 @entity1 with metastatic @entity1313 by means of dynamic FDG PET before and 4 hours after stereotactic radiosurgery. Rate constants of @entity413 metabolism (K1*- k3*) were determined in a total of 13 @entity5 by a non-linear least squares fitting method for dynamic PET and arterial blood sampling data. Rate constants after radiosurgery were compared with those before radiosurgery. Changes in the rate constants induced by the therapy were also correlated with changes in @entity5 size evaluated by CT and/or MRI 6 months later. RESULTS: Four hours after radiosurgery, the phosphorylation rate indicated by k3* was significantly higher (0.080 +/- 0.058) than that before radiosurgery (0.049 +/- 0.023) (p < 0.05, paired t test), but there was no significant change in the membrane transport rates indicated by K1* and k2*. Although increases in the net influx rate constant K* (= K1*k3*/(k2* + k3*)) were correlated with increases in k3*, K* after radiosurgery (0.027 +/- 0.011) was not significantly different from that before the therapy (0.024 +/- 0.012). The reduction in the @entity5 size was correlated with k3* after radiosurgery. CONCLUSION: Acceleration of the phosphorylation process was demonstrated in vivo in metastatic @entity1313 as early as 4 hours after stereotactic radiosurgery, as shown experimentally in vitro in a previous report. The phenomenon may be a sensitive indicator of cell damage.

title: Acute effects of stereotactic radiosurgery on the kinetics of @entity413 metabolism in metastatic XXXX : FDG PET study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: The authors assessed the impact of protease and reverse transcription (RT) mutations and individual pharmacokinetic parameters on virologic response to a four-drug regimen including @entity486 / @entity485 . Treatment was given at the start of the study (M0) to 22 @entity2858 protease inhibitor-naive or pretreated @entity1 . Protease and RT genes were sequenced at M0, at the time of virologic failure, or at the end of the follow-up. Plasma @entity486 and @entity485 peak C(max), C(min), and area under the curve (AUC) were determined based on samples taken 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after administration. @entity2858 RNA decreased to less than 50 copies/mL in 11 @entity1 (group 1). At M0, five of them had no RT mutation and 10 had three or fewer secondary protease mutations with no new mutation during follow-up. @entity486 and @entity485 pharmacokinetics showed wide interindividual variability. Treatment failed in 11 @entity1 (group 2): 9 had three to eight protease mutations and a mean of 5.8 RT mutations at M0, with emergence of new mutations during follow-up. Pharmacokinetics was similar to those of group 1. The other two @entity1 with virologic failure showed no baseline primary mutation but were the only @entity1 with insufficient @entity485 and @entity486 AUC. The authors showed the complementarity between drug-resistance genotype and individual pharmacokinetics and the potential utility of AUC and Cmax to manage treatment.

title: Pharmacokinetics and resistance mutations affect virologic response to @entity486 / XXXX -containing regimens.

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir', 'Ritonavir']

answer: @entity485 :: (MESH:D019258,Chemical) :: ['saquinavir']


abstract: Acute p.o. administration of absolute @entity1068 (10 ml/kg) to fasted @entity19 would produce extensive @entity177 . Pretreatment with p.o. administration of propolis @entity1068 extract ( @entity53579 ) could prevent such @entity177 effectively and dose dependently. This renal protective effect of @entity53579 may be contributed, at least in part, to its antioxidative activity. The maximal antioxidative effect against absolute @entity1068 (AE)-induced @entity177 could be observed 1 hour after @entity53579 administration. In order to further investigate the renal protective mechanism of @entity53579 , lipid peroxidation and @entity224 scavenging activity were conducted in vivo. @entity53579 exhibited dose-dependent antioxidative effects on lipid peroxidation in @entity19 renal homogenate. Results indicated that @entity19 with @entity810 have higher malonic @entity21935 ( @entity1865 ) levels compared with those in @entity53579 administered @entity19 . It was concluded that the renal protective mechanism of @entity53579 could be contributed, at least in part, to its prominent @entity224 scavenging effect; hence, it could protect, indirectly, the kidney from @entity224 -induced @entity8 .

title: Protective effect of propolis @entity1068 extract on @entity1068 -induced XXXX : an in-vivo study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damages']

entities_list: @entity21935 :: ('CHEBI:38124', 'Chemical') :: ['dialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal toxicity']


abstract: The management of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 is best achieved by the judicious use of local and systemic measures that palliate symptoms and improve overall quality of life. When two treatment approaches are known to be equally efficacious, the less toxic should be used. When disease is limited to one or two sites and the @entity1 has an indolent form of the disease, the @entity1 's symptoms are often best palliated with the use of surgery or radiotherapy alone. When multiple sites of disease are evident or the disease is progressing more rapidly, systemic therapy is preferred, and local therapies should be added when the @entity1 is clearly refractory to systemic therapy or when the disease site is unlikely to be adequately palliated with systemic therapy. The use of any of these therapies, including chemotherapy, has a relatively small effect on the median survival of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . However, improvements in quality of life are usually greatest with regimens inducing the highest response rates, even when these regimens are associated with greater @entity137 . The characteristics of @entity1 likely to respond to endocrine therapy are well defined; in these @entity1 endocrine therapy should be used as the first form of systemic therapy. Among endocrine therapies, the least toxic is used first. The selection of @entity1 for chemotherapy is largely a process of exclusion. When chemotherapy is used, there are a number of different strategies for sequencing chemotherapy that appear to be equally efficacious. In general, @entity1 should be treated with standard doses of drug combinations for a period in excess of 3 months. When used inappropriately, especially in asymptomatic @entity1 , these therapies may actually compromise the @entity1 's quality of life. The use of surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy should be integrated with various types of psychosupport services, especially peer support groups. @entity1 who want to try new forms of therapy should do so early in the course of the disease when these therapies are most likely to be effective and the @entity1 has the least to lose if the therapy proves ineffective. This is especially true because the use of the most effective regimens at a time when the @entity1 is asymptomatic may mean that the @entity1 is resistant to most or all therapies of proven value when most in need of palliation.

title: Comprehensive management of disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: To observe the killing effects of @entity4540 (GCV) on the @entity1 @entity420 cell A549 transduced with Herpes simplex virus I type @entity6244 kinase ( @entity3307 -TK) gene in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: A retroviral vector containing the TK gene was constructed and transduced into a @entity2 cell A549 by electroporation, to observe the sensitivity of the transfected cell to GCV in vitro and the bystander effect ( @entity98 assay). @entity5 cell apoptosis caused by the TK/GCV system was observed with a flow cell meter (FCM) and a scan electronic microscope (SEM). Recombination and expression of the TK gene were examined with DNA PCR and in situ hybridization, respectively. The therapeutic effect of GCV on subcutaneous @entity5 growth between transfected and parental cells was also compared. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the transfected cell to GCV was 46 times higher than that of the parental cell, and the bystander effect was stronger in high cell density than in low cell density. The subG0G1 peak was shown on the DNA histogram after A549-Tk cell was treated with 50 micromol/L GCV for 3 days by FCM, but not in the A549 cell. A cell cycle analysis showed that the apoptotic cell in the A549-TK and A549 cells were (12.2+/-1.7) % and (1.3 +/- 0.3) %, respectively (P < 0.01). The cell apoptosis features of nuclear condensation, apoptotic vesicle, and nuclear showing semimoon feature were found in the A549-TK cell by SEM, but not in the A549 cell. Recombination and expression of the TK gene were positive in the transfected cell. In vivo, the growth of @entity5 formed by the transfected cell was apparently inhibited by GCV, but not in the control group. CONCLUSION: The transfected cell obtained sensitivity to GCV and the bystander effect was closely related to intercellular touch. The TK/GCV system killing @entity5 cell was related to cell apoptosis. GCV inhibited the growth of @entity5 which were inoculated by A549-TK cell in vivo.

title: Killing effects of @entity4540 on @entity1 @entity420 cell A549 transduced with XXXX -TK gene in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3307 :: (10298,Species) :: ['HSV1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extramedullary plasmacytomas are uncommon. Although approximately 90% occur in the head and neck region, parotid gland localization is extremely rare. CASE: This report describes fine needle aspiration and histopathologic findings in an extramedullary plasmacytoma arising in the left parotid gland of a 62-year-old @entity1 . Aspiration smears showed multiple amorphous clumps of material admixed with ductal epithelial cells, multinucleated giant cells and inflammatory cells rich in plasma cells, suggestive of @entity5123 . In surgical material, @entity527 was observed. Six months later the @entity5 recurred, and in the second surgical specimen clusters of atypical plasma cells among @entity527 was noted. Clinical and laboratory examination excluded @entity1582 . After local recurrence, radiotherapy was applied. Ten months later the @entity1 was well and without systemic involvement. CONCLUSION: Two points are important. First, in the salivary gland region, because of the focal metachromasia of amyloid with Giemsa stain, amyloid can be confused with the chondromyxoid matrix of @entity5123 . Second, although localized forms of @entity5 exist, one should keep in mind that amyloid may be so abundant that it may mask an underlying @entity8450 , as in our case.

title: Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the parotid gland. Report of a case with extensive XXXX masking the cytologic and histopathologic picture.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'excessive amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity527 :: (MESH:D058225,Disease) :: ['amyloid deposition']


abstract: In this study we confirmed that combinations of toxic or detoxified endotoxin with @entity7191 ( @entity7192 ) induced much more @entity39 of transplanted Meth @entity242 in @entity19 than toxic endotoxin alone. Detoxified endotoxin and @entity7192 alone had little antitumor effects. We investigated whether these divergent antitumor effects could be related to histopathological changes in the white pulp of the spleen of Meth @entity242 -bearing @entity19 . Toxic endotoxin reduced the T:B cell compartment ratio in the splenic white pulp by increasing the size of the B-cell compartment while leaving the size of the T-cell dependent inner PALS unaffected. The number of the T-lymphocytes in this area, however, was reduced. The border of B-lymphocytes in the marginal zone was markedly narrowed and the number of marginal metallophils along the inner border of the marginal sinus was decreased. None of these changes were observed after treatment with detoxified endotoxin or @entity7192 . Addition of @entity7192 to either endotoxin did not change their effects. The histopathological changes in the lymphoid and non-lymphoid compartments of the splenic white pulp are apparently exclusively induced by toxic endotoxin. As the antitumor activity of both toxic and detoxified endotoxin combined with @entity7192 are about equal and more powerful than the activity of toxic endotoxin alone, it is concluded that these antitumor effects cannot be related to changes in the white pulp of the spleen.

title: In vivo effects of toxic and detoxified endotoxin alone or in combination with XXXX on lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells in the spleen of Meth @entity242 -bearing @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['A sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7191 :: ('MESH:D000119', 'Chemical') :: ['muramyl dipeptide']

answer: @entity7191 :: (MESH:D000119,Chemical) :: ['muramyl dipeptide']


abstract: In the single membrane of @entity39045 , a specific glucosyltransferase ( @entity43898 synthase) synthesizes the major, bilayer-forming lipid @entity43898 ( @entity43898 ) from the preceding major, nonbilayer-prone @entity43897 ( @entity43897 ). This is crucial for the maintenance of phase equilibria close to a potential bilayer-nonbilayer transition and a nearly constant spontaneous curvature for the membrane bilayer lipid mixture. The glucolipid pathway is also balanced against the @entity3634 (PG) pathway to maintain a certain lipid surface charge density. The @entity43898 synthase was purified approximately 5000-fold by three chromatographic techniques and identified as a minor 40 kDa membrane protein. In CHAPS mixed micelles, a cooperative dependence on anionic lipid activators was confirmed, with PG as the best. The dependence of the enzyme on the soluble @entity31537 substrate followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, while the kinetics for the other (lipid) substrate @entity43897 exhibited cooperativity, with Hill coefficients in the range of 3-5. Vmax and the Hill coefficient, but not Km, for the @entity43897 substrate were increased by increased PG concentrations, but above 3 mol % @entity43897 , the rate of synthesis was constant. Hence, the @entity43898 synthase is more affected by the lipid activator than by the lipid substrate at physiological lipid concentrations. The enzyme was shown to be sensitive to curvature "stress" changes, i.e., was stimulated by various nonbilayer lipids but inhibited by certain others. Certain phosphates were also stimulatory. With the two purified @entity43897 and @entity43898 synthases reconstituted together in the presence of a potent nonbilayer lipid, the strong responses in the amounts of @entity43897 and @entity43898 synthesized mimicked the responses in vivo. This supports the important regulatory functions of these enzymes.

title: Key role of the XXXX synthase for the nonbilayer-bilayer lipid balance of @entity39045 membranes.

entities_list: @entity43897 :: ('MESH:C014571', 'Chemical') :: ['MGlcDAG', 'monoglucosyldiacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity39045 :: ('2148', 'Species') :: ['Acholeplasma laidlawii']

entities_list: @entity31537 :: ('MESH:D014532', 'Chemical') :: ['UDP-glucose']

entities_list: @entity43898 :: ('MESH:C025142', 'Chemical') :: ['DGlcDAG', 'diglucosyldiacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity43898 :: (MESH:C025142,Chemical) :: ['diglucosyldiacylglycerol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the increasingly widespread availability of @entity5345 and @entity2674 genetic testing, little is known about the psychologic impact of such testing in the clinical setting. The objective of this study was to examine the long-term psychologic impact of receiving @entity6069 test results within a clinic-based testing program. @entity1 AND METHODS: The @entity1 were 279 high-risk @entity1 who underwent genetic counseling and testing for alterations in the @entity6069 genes. At baseline (before genetic testing) and at 6 months after the disclosure of mutation status, we measured perceived risk for @entity5344 , @entity5 , and general distress. We examined the impact of the test result on each of these outcomes at the 6-month follow-up. Analyses were conducted separately for probands and their relatives who were unaffected with @entity5 . RESULTS: We found no effect of test result among affected probands. Among unaffected relatives, we found that @entity1 who received definitive negative test results exhibited significant reductions in perceived risk and distress compared with @entity1 who received positive test results. Importantly, relatives who received positive test results did not exhibit increased distress or perceived risk. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that clinic-based @entity6069 testing can lead to psychologic benefits for individuals who receive negative test results. At 6 months after disclosure, those who receive positive or uninformative test results do not exhibit @entity101 or perceived risk.

title: Impact of XXXX / @entity2674 mutation testing on psychologic distress in a clinic-based sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased psychologic distress']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-specific distress']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: Cyclophilin and @entity1140 binding protein (FKBP) accelerate cis-trans peptidyl- @entity10783 isomerization and bind to and mediate the effects of the immunosuppressants @entity205 and @entity1140 . The normal cellular functions of these proteins, however, are unknown. We altered the active sites of @entity12572 and @entity53014 from the @entity375 @entity375 by introducing mutations previously reported to inactivate these enzymes. Surprisingly, most of these mutant enzymes were biologically active in vivo. In accord with previous reports, all of the mutant enzymes had little or no detectable @entity10783 isomerase activity in the standard peptide substrate-chymotrypsin coupled in vitro assay. However, in a variation of this assay in which the protease is omitted, the mutant enzymes exhibited substantial levels of @entity10783 isomerase activity (5-20% of wild-type), revealing that these mutations confer sensitivity to protease digestion and that the classic in vitro assay for @entity10783 isomerase activity may be misleading. In addition, the mutant enzymes exhibited near wild-type activity with two protein substrates, @entity9796 reductase and ribonuclease T1, whose folding is accelerated by @entity10783 isomerases. Thus, a number of cyclophilin and @entity12572 "active-site" mutants previously identified are largely active but protease sensitive, in accord with our findings that these mutants display wild-type functions in vivo. One @entity53014 mutant ( @entity53015 ), and also the wild-type @entity1 @entity12572 enzyme, catalyze protein folding in vitro but lack biological activity in vivo in @entity375 . Our findings provide evidence that both @entity10783 isomerase activity and other structural features are linked to FKBP and cyclophilin in vivo functions and suggest caution in the use of these active-site mutations to study FKBP and cyclophilin functions.

title: Functions of XXXX and @entity53014 active site residues in vitro and in vivo in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity53015 :: ('p|SUB|R|73|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R73A']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity53014 :: ('10105', 'Gene') :: ['mitochondrial cyclophilin']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity12572 :: (2282,Gene) :: ['FKBP12']


abstract: The relationship between @entity167 use and @entity148 is complex. From a clinical standpoint, it is clear that psychiatrists caring for anxious @entity1 must be aware of the possibility of @entity27715 abuse. For the most part, @entity148 are highly treatable conditions, whereas @entity988 is less successfully treated. With this in mind, it is important for the clinician to accurately diagnose @entity148 in their @entity1 . Failure to do so may lead a high percentage of @entity1 to the major complication of @entity734 , which itself may be very difficult to treat. Further research to understand the relationship between @entity148 and @entity167 use is warranted. Future studies should focus on discovering which anxious @entity1 are likely to abuse @entity167 . Studies screening @entity1 for the presence of alcoholic traits, such as @entity146 or a family history of @entity988 , may help identify @entity148 @entity1 who are likely to go on to become @entity167 abusers. Researchers interested in the treatment of substance abusers should become acutely interested in the recognition and treatment of @entity148 in their @entity1 . Identifying @entity1 with @entity148 would be a first step in individualizing treatment for a given alcoholic @entity1 .

title: @entity167 use and abuse secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial behavior']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity27715 :: ('CHEBI:35681', 'Chemical') :: ['secondary alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: The ultrastructure of @entity460 -tolerant isolated myocytes has been compared with that of intact heart myocytes using morphometric techniques. Isolated myocytes were prepared by the method of Powell et al. [1] from four adult @entity35 hearts, and multiple left ventricular tissue samples were obtained from a further four @entity35 hearts after fixation by Langendorff perfusion. The subcellular-component volumes of myofibrils, mitochondria, nuclei, transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and cytoplasmic space have been estimated using a point-counting method on thin sections of intact myocardium and isolated myocytes. No significant differences between the two sample types were found. With the use of freeze- @entity174 , the numerical density and distribution of sarcolemmal intramembrane particles were analyzed by the method of Jones et al. [2]. The intramembrane particle density of isolated myocyte E-faces was very similar to that of myocytes of intact myocardium. However, isolated myocytes showed a slight reduction in P-face intramembrane particle density (less than 10%), although intramembrane particle distribution remained unaltered on both @entity174 faces. Our findings show that the ultrastructural features of the isolated myocytes closely resemble those of their counterparts in the intact myocardium.

title: Morphometric analysis of @entity460 -tolerant myocytes isolated from the adult XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Angiogenesis is an essential process for the growth and invasion of @entity5 . However, it is uncertain that anti-angiogenic effects can be a major treatment strategy of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity2816 and @entity1311 , which are known to be potent inhibitors of angiogenesis, have inhibitory effects on the growth of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) xenotransplanted into @entity19 and whether anti-angiogenesis can be included as a major treatment strategy of @entity5 . After @entity1 @entity957 cell line, KB, was subcutaneously inoculated into 32 @entity19 , the volume of @entity5 was measured every 3 days. When the @entity5 mass reached 300-500 mm3, @entity2816 (200 mg/kg) and @entity1311 (13 mg/kg) were administered into the animals and @entity5 volume change was checked. The excised @entity5 masses on the 30th day after administration were frozen and processed for immunohistochemistry using @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2279 , and for real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We evaluated @entity7 expression and the expression of its mRNA and @entity2279 for vessel density. @entity1311 showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of transplanted @entity1 @entity957 and reduced the immunohistochemical expression of @entity7 and @entity2279 and @entity7 mRNA (P<0.01). @entity2816 also lowered remarkably @entity7 expression (P<0.01) and @entity2279 (P<0.01) as well as @entity7 mRNA (P<0.05), but it did not show statistically significant inhibitory effect on the @entity5 growth. These results suggest that the growth of @entity1 @entity957 is not simply dependent on @entity7 -induced angiogenesis and that anti-angiogenic therapy alone is not likely to be effective for the treatment of @entity957 , but might be regarded as adjuvant chemotherapeutic strategy.

title: Evaluation of the anti- @entity5 and anti-angiogenic effect of @entity1311 and XXXX on the xenotransplanted @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the reliability and validity of a rapid test for the identification of @entity4195 in the pharyngeal exudate of @entity1 presenting with pharyngotonsillitis. To evaluate the impact of its use in outpatient clinics on antibiotic use, on the incidence of second medical visits and complications, and on the degree of parental satisfaction. @entity1 AND METHODS: After a clinical diagnosis of @entity697 was established and written informed consent obtained from the parents, dual throat swabs were collected from 430 @entity1 who attended the emergency department of our hospital or the pediatric offices of three health centers in our area. The first specimen was examined by the rapid test, QuickVue Flex Strep A, and the second one was sent to the laboratory for conventional culture. As a rule, antibiotics were indicated only when the rapid test was positive. Special emphasis was placed on explaining to parents that treatment was not necessary when the test was negative. Telephone follow-up was provided to the family during the next four weeks, after which a satisfaction survey was carried out. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the investigated rapid test was 91.2% (negative predictive value: 96.5%) and specificity was 96.2% (positive predictive value: 90.4%). Antibiotics were given to 41.9% of the @entity1 , approximately half the expected rate in the absence of the rapid test. There was no significant difference in the number of second visits or hospitalizations between the groups of treated and non-treated subjects. Clinical evolution was good in all cases. The degree of parental satisfaction was very high, independent of the treatment given to the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The rapid test for the detection of group A streptococci is a reliable tool for the selection of @entity1 able to benefit from antibiotic treatment. It is easy to handle and apply and its use allows a significant reduction in the administration of antibiotics in pharyngotonsillitis. Most users accept and are satisfied with this novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.

title: [Rational use of antibiotics in pediatrics: impact of a rapid test for detection of beta-haemolytic group A streptococci in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute pharyngotonsillitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1311 and @entity3003 in the treatment of previously untreated @entity1 with metastatic @entity151 ( @entity151 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were aged 18 to 75 years with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score < or = 2 and life expectancy > or = 12 weeks. @entity1311 (200 mg/m(2)) was infused over 3 hours, before @entity3003 (area under the curve [AUC] 6; Calvert formula) infused over 1 hour, once every 3 weeks for six cycles maximum. @entity617 , @entity38206 , and @entity5616 were standard premedication. Response to treatment was assessed every two cycles, and nonresponding @entity1 were withdrawn from the trial to receive standard chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 50 @entity1 entering the study, 48 and 46 @entity1 were assessable for @entity137 and response, respectively. The overall response rate was 65%, with complete responses in three @entity1 . Five @entity1 had stable disease (11%) and 11 @entity1 experienced @entity74 (24%). Median survival was 38 weeks, and median duration of response was 20 weeks. One-year survival was 22.5%. For a total of 232 cycles, grade 3 and 4 @entity137 was 33% for @entity1398 , 3.5% for @entity882 , and 4% for @entity417 . Four @entity1 had @entity221 (one @entity137 ). Nonhematologic @entity137 was mainly grade 1 and 2 paresthesia (21% of @entity1 ); grade 3 @entity925 / @entity4841 was observed in 6.5% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: First-line chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 in metastatic @entity151 achieved a response rate and survival similar to standard regimens. With 1-day administration and a tolerable @entity137 profile, this combination merits further investigation.

title: Phase II trial of @entity1311 and XXXX in metastatic @entity151 : a Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic death']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity38206 :: ('MESH:C018904', 'Chemical') :: ['dexchlorpheniramine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel is a Chinese medicinal herb for "blood-cooling" and detoxification. Now it is used for the treatment of @entity5 , but the antitumor mechanisms and toxic side effects of @entity33219 are unclear. The present study was undertaken to investigate if @entity33219 @entity3857 ( @entity43761 ) possesses anticancer effects and toxic side effects in @entity1 @entity96 7402 cells in vitro and vivo. 7402 cells were treated with different concentrations of @entity43761 for 24h. Cell viability was measured by @entity2454 assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The in vivo effect of @entity43761 on 7402 @entity5 cells transplanted in athymic @entity19 was investigated. 15 @entity3857 were isolated and identified from @entity43761 . @entity43761 inhibited the proliferation of @entity1 @entity96 7402 cells in vitro by apoptosis. 19 days after administration of @entity43761 (100, 200mg/kg), the weight of @entity5 mass was markly decreased in nude mice. The anti- @entity5 effect of @entity43761 in vivo was associated with a significant increase in the 7402 apoptosis rate. Although @entity43761 inhibited the weight of @entity19 , it showed almost no effect on leukocyte number, liver and spleen weight index. Light microscopic histopathological examination showed that @entity43761 had no specific lesion in organ. These results suggested that @entity33219 @entity3857 exert potential anticancer activity in treating @entity5 in @entity19 and no toxic side effects.

title: Antitumor activity of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel @entity3857 in XXXX @entity96 7402 cells in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: KIT mutations are the most common secondary mutations in inv(16) @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 and are associated with poor prognosis. It is therefore important to verify that KIT mutations cooperate with @entity52038 - @entity15108 , the fusion gene generated by inv(16), for leukemogenesis. Here, we transduced wild-type and conditional @entity52038 - @entity15108 knockin (KI) @entity19 bone marrow (BM) cells with KIT @entity5311 /Y mutations. KIT transduction caused massive BM Lin(-) cell death and fewer colonies in culture that were less severe in the KI cells. @entity39546 KIT but not wild-type KIT enhanced proliferation in Lin(-) cells and led to more mixed lineage colonies from transduced KI BM cells. Importantly, 60% and 80% of @entity19 transplanted with KI BM cells expressing @entity5311 or @entity39546 KIT, respectively, died from @entity1778 within 9 months, whereas no control @entity19 died. Results from limiting dilution transplantations indicate higher frequencies of @entity1778 -initiating cells in the @entity1778 expressing mutated KIT. Signaling pathway analysis revealed that @entity22426 /42 MAPK and @entity10433 , but not AKT and @entity23117 , were strongly phosphorylated in the @entity1778 cells. Finally, @entity1778 cells carrying KIT D816 mutations were sensitive to the kinase inhibitor @entity46668 . Our data provide clear evidence for cooperation between mutated KIT and @entity52038 - @entity15108 during leukemogenesis.

title: KIT with D816 mutations cooperates with @entity52038 - @entity15108 for leukemogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The effect of the anti- @entity58 monoclonal antibody 11B11 mAb on antigen-induced footpad responses in @entity19 in which Arthus reaction is involved was investigated. Antigen-induced footpad responses were induced by immunization with @entity18947 ( @entity18947 ) and by challenge injection of @entity18947 into the footpads on day 20 after the immunization. Five hours after the challenge injection, @entity4 was measured. 11B11 mAb was daily administered i.p. over a period of 10 days, commencing on the day of immunization with @entity18947 . The results showed that the treatment with 11B11 mAb significantly augmented the @entity4 . There was an increase in the production of anti- @entity18947 @entity9749 antibodies in 11B11 mAb-treated @entity19 , while a decrease in anti- @entity18947 IgG1 and IgG antibody production was observed in the animals. The secretion of @entity58 from lymphoid cells of 11B11 mAb-treated @entity19 was markedly reduced. In contrast, increased @entity60 production was observed in these animals. Thus, treatment with anti- @entity58 antibodies appears to be effective in augmenting antibody-mediated in vivo responses in which antigen-specific @entity9749 antibodies and @entity60 produced following the antibody treatment play a role.

title: Augmented antibody-mediated footpad responses in @entity19 treated with an anti- XXXX monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['footpad swelling']

entities_list: @entity18947 :: ('MESH:D021181', 'Disease') :: ['HEL', 'hen egg lysozyme']

answer: @entity58 :: (16189(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of @entity65 but the mechanism underlying this association is unclear. These benefits of physical activity might result from its effects on @entity32 and endothelial function. AIM: We investigated whether @entity410 and the level of physical activity are associated with biomarkers of @entity731 in athletes and nonathletes. METHODS: Forty six athletes and 46 age- and sex-matched subjects who did not exercise regularly were studied. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements and maximal treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Blood samples were taken before and immediately after exercise. Serum @entity650 , soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule- 1 (sICAM-1) levels were determined using the ELISA method. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , @entity650 level was significantly increased after exercise as compared to baseline (1.35    2.6 vs. 1.46       2.1 pg/mL, p = 0.01). Resting @entity650 and sCD40L levels were lower in athletes as compared to nonathletes (0.7    0.92 vs. 1.8    3.52 pg/mL, p = 0.003, and 888.8    892.9 vs. 2367.7    8743.4 pg/mL, p = 0.005, respectively), while sICAM-1 levels did not differ between the two groups. @entity650 level correlated negatively with peak @entity26 consumption (r = -0.25, p = 0.035) and the IPAQ-SF score (r = -0.26, p = 0.02), and sCD40L level correlated negatively with the IPAQ-SF score (r = -0.4, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Intensive exercise training and high exercise capacity are associated with lower serum @entity650 and sCD40L levels. This may constitute an important factor limiting progression of @entity731 .

title: The effect of physical activity on serum levels of selected biomarkers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present randomized clinical trial study was to compare the effectiveness of @entity291 Porous Bone Mineral (BPBM) with and without Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in the treatment of mandibular Class II @entity6876 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In seven @entity1 , nine pairs of symmetric buccal or lingual mandibular class II @entity6876 were treated. In each @entity1 , one defect received BPBM (control) and the other received BPBM/PRGF (test) by random assignment. Clinical measurements were made both at baseline and 6-month evaluation. RESULTS: Similar improvements were observed with both treatment modalities. Significant reductions were gained in the gingival index, probing depth and relative vertical clinical attachment level. Plaque index and @entity1464 changes were not significant in both groups. The mean probing depth reductions were 2.67  0.87 mm for the control group and 3.22  1.56 mm for the test group (p<0.001). The mean relative vertical clinical attachment level gains were 1.57  0.96 mm (p<0.001) and 1.65  1.24 mm (p<0.004) in the control and test groups, respectively. In the test group, the relative horizontal clinical attachment level reduced from 5.87  0.96 mm to 4.58  1.02 mm (p<0.02). No significant differences were observed in all clinical parameters 6 months postoperatively between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The application of a combined technique using BPBM/PRGF, compared to the BPBM alone, resulted in greater healing, although not significant, in the treatment of mandibular class II @entity6876 .

title: Treatment of Mandibular Molar Class II Furcation Defects in XXXX With @entity291 Porous Bone Mineral in Combination With Plasma Rich in Growth Factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6876 :: ('MESH:D017823', 'Disease') :: ['furcation defects']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: Data for the incidence of @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the skin, registered for six regions of Norway during 10 years (1976-1985), were used to evaluate the biological amplification factor Ab for induction of these @entity5 by sunlight. Ab is the ratio of the increment in @entity1489 production to the increment in causative sunlight exposure. Two different approximations were used for the action spectrum for @entity105 : an erythema action spectrum; and an action spectrum for mutagenesis of cells in the basal layer of the skin. These two fundamentally different approaches yielded Ab values that were similar to within about 10%: 2.1-2.3 for @entity1491 ; and 1.6-1.8 for @entity957 . Using a radiation amplification factor for @entity1787 depletion of 0.8-1.1, we find that the total amplification factor for @entity1491 is within the range 1.6-2.1 and that that for @entity957 is within the range 1.3-1.7 at northern latitudes of 60-70 degrees. Thus, an ozone depletion of 1% will result in an increase in the incidence of @entity1491 by 1.6-2.1% and of @entity957 by 1.3-1.7%. There were no significant differences between the values for @entity1 and @entity1 . Neither was there any significant difference between Ab values found for skin commonly exposed to sunlight (face) and for skin sites normally covered by clothes and therefore receiving much lower exposures, in spite of the fact that the @entity5 density per unit skin area was a factor of 20 or more larger at the former sites. This observation, as well as the curves relating @entity5 incidence with annual exposure to carcinogenic sunlight, supports a power law relationship between @entity5 incidence and annual sun exposure. Sunlight appears to be the main cause of @entity1491 and @entity957 even at the high latitudes of Northern Norway. All over, @entity1491 were found to be about 6 times more frequent than @entity957 . The ratio of the incidence of @entity1491 to that of @entity957 seemed to be independent of the latitude. Finally, @entity1491 were found to be equally frequent among @entity1 and @entity1 , while @entity957 were found to be about twice as frequent among @entity1 as among @entity1 .

title: Biological amplification factor for sunlight-induced nonmelanoma XXXX at high latitudes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'BCCs']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: @entity5426 of the spleen is a rare @entity5 that has not been well characterized. We describe the clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic findings of 28 cases of primary @entity5426 , including one case that shares features of @entity2696 / @entity12651 . The @entity1 included 16 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 , aged 29 to 85 years, with a mean of 59 years and median of 63 years. The majority of @entity1 (75%) complained of @entity490 , and 25% presented with @entity9440 . The most common physical finding was @entity381 (71%). Seventeen of 21 @entity1 were reported to have @entity417 . Macroscopic examination showed @entity381 in 85% cases. Sectioning revealed discrete lesions in 88% of cases, ranging from well-circumscribed firm nodules to poorly delineated foci of @entity39 and @entity548 associated with cystic spaces. Microscopically, the @entity5 were heterogenous; however, all cases demonstrated at least a focal vasoformative component lined by atypical endothelial cells. Solid sarcomatous, papillary, and epithelioid growth patterns were observed. The solid sarcomatous component resembled @entity1492 in two cases and malignant fibroushistiocytoma in one case. @entity548 , @entity39 , hemosiderin, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and intracytoplasmic hyaline globules were frequently identified. A panel of immunohistochemical studies revealed that the majority of @entity5 were immunoreactive for at least two markers of vascular differentiation ( @entity2280 , FVIIIRAg, @entity7802 , and @entity2279 ) and at least one marker of histiocytic differentiation ( @entity469 and/or @entity16977 ). Metastases developed in 100% of @entity1 during the course of their disease. Twenty-six @entity1 died of disease despite aggressive therapy, whereas only two @entity1 are alive at last follow-up, one with disease at 8 years and the other without disease at 10 years. In conclusion, primary @entity5426 is an extremely aggressive @entity5 that is almost universally fatal. The majority of @entity5426 coexpress histiocytic and endothelial markers by immunohistochemical analysis, which suggest that some @entity5 may originate from splenic lining cells.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 28 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity12651 :: ('MESH:D008204', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['splenic angiosarcoma', 'Primary angiosarcoma', 'splenic angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Splenic angiosarcoma']


abstract: Background.Avascular @entity39 of the @entity2738 continues to represent a major challenge for the orthopaedist and @entity130 surgeon. A fully effective method of treatment is yet to be introduced. After @entity2738 collapse, only total hip replacement can help the @entity1 . Our study aims to assess the effects of treatment of @entity2530 of the @entity2738 with extra corporeal focused shockwave therapy.Material and methods. A prospective study was carried out in @entity1 with @entity2530 of the @entity2738 , ARCO stage I-III, diagnosed by MRI imaging. Shock waves are applied under x-ray guidance. Four points are marked on the skin above the lesion. Each spot receives a dose of 1500 pulses at an energy flux density of 0.4 mJ/mm2 and a frequency of 4 Hz. Each @entity1 undergoes 5 therapy sessions. A posturometric and stabilometric assessment is carried out before and after the therapy. Other examinations include a tensometric evaluation of the strength of the treated limb, and an assessment of @entity158 intensity (VAS scale)and hip function (Harris hip score). Follow-up visits are scheduled at 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months post-treatment.Results. Nine @entity1 were treated with shockwave therapy at the Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Traumatology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Silesia, between 5 May 2011 and 1 June 2012. The @entity1 demonstrated @entity158 reduction and improved mobility of the treated joint (VAS score decreasing from 6.75 +/- 0.71 to 2.5 +/- 1.7; Harris hip score increasing from 55.21 +/- 15.45 to 89.21 +/- 8.26). Tensometric platform testing carried out after the treatment revealed a statistically significant difference between mean velocity of the centre of pressure (CoP) movement when walking with eyes open and closed (p<0.05) and mean CoP movement along the x (walking with eyes closed) and y (free standing with eyes closed) axes.Conclusions. 1. Extracorporeal focused shockwave therapy resulted in considerable improvement in the @entity1 ' quality of life at 6 weeks' follow-up. 2. At 6 months some @entity1 reported intensified @entity158 and worse hip function.

title: The effects of treatment the @entity2530 of the XXXX with extracorporeal focused shockwave therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of studies concerning the clinical course and prognosis in @entity31 ( @entity31 ) are old, retrospective in design, or hospital based. We aimed to identify clinical course and prognosis in a prospective, population-based follow-up study MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) or possible @entity29 in southeastern Norway during the period 1990-1994 were followed prospectively for 5 years. The evaluation at 5 years included an interview, clinical examination, laboratory tests, and colonoscopy. RESULTS: Of 843 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity29 , 454 @entity1 who had definite @entity31 and for whom there were sufficient data for analysis were alive 5 years after inclusion in the study. The frequency of colectomy in this population was 7.5%. Forty-one percent of the @entity1 were not taking any kind of medication for @entity29 at 5 years. Of the @entity1 initially diagnosed with @entity4272 , 28% had progressed during the observation period, 10% to extensive @entity1960 . The majority of the @entity1 (57%) had no intestinal symptoms at 5 years, and only a minority (7%) had symptoms that interfered with everyday activities. Among the @entity1 who underwent colonoscopy at the 5-year visit, symptoms were frequently reported in @entity1 without macroscopic @entity32 (44%). A relapse-free course was observed in 22% of the @entity1 . A decrease in symptoms during the follow-up period was the most frequent course taken by the disease and was observed in 59% of the cases. The extent of disease was unrelated to symptoms at 5 years and also to relapse rate and course of disease during the 5-year period. CONCLUSIONS: The disease course and prognosis of @entity31 appears better than previously described in the literature. The frequency of surgery was low, and only a minority of the @entity1 had symptoms that interfered with their everyday activities 5 years after diagnosis.

title: XXXX and clinical course: results of a 5-year population-based follow-up study (the IBSEN study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Data on the functional outcome, prevalence of risk factors and comorbidity of @entity64 were collected in the population-based Finnmark @entity64 Register in northern Norway. Findings for hospitalised first-ever @entity64 (n = 125) during the first registration year (1998-1999) are presented here. The median age of the @entity1 was 70 years for @entity1 and 79 years for @entity1 . @entity385 comprised 81.6% of the @entity64 . @entity1 were severely handicapped: at discharge from hospital about 46% of those 75 years or older and about 21% of those younger than 75 years had severe disability by Rankin Scale. @entity1 were more impaired than @entity1 . After hospitalisation, 45% of those 75 years or older and 21% of those younger than 75 years were sent to nursing home. The prevalence of risk factors and comorbidity was high: 29% of @entity1 (52% of @entity1 ) had high blood pressure, 22% of @entity1 (25% of @entity1 ) had @entity955 , 22% of both @entity1 and @entity1 had @entity6 , and 50% of @entity1 and 33% of @entity1 were current smokers. In conclusion, @entity64 victims in Finnmark were left with severe disability and need intensive rehabilitation. The prevalence of treatable risk factors was high; thus, primary and secondary prevention is the key to reduce the individual and social burden of @entity64 .

title: Short-term functional outcome of hospitalised first-ever XXXX in Finnmark, Norway in 1998-1999. Results from the Finnmark @entity64 Register.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['strokes']


abstract: @entity2383 plays a central role in mediating both the @entity39 and apoptotic components of reperfusion injury. Because @entity2383 is one of the most important indicators of the beginning of mitochondrial permeability transition, quantification of morphological changes in mitochondria would be useful in evaluating the degree of @entity130 , as well as the protective effects of various therapies. In this study, we characterized the morphological changes in heart mitochondria caused by the duration and severity of @entity63 utilizing particle shape analysis on atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographic images. We also simultaneously investigated the nano-mechanical changes in @entity35 heart mitochondria by injury using force-distance curve measurements. @entity35 were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (n=3), @entity741 without reperfusion (PI group, n=3), and @entity741 with reperfusion (IR group, n=4). Normal mitochondria appeared ellipsoidal with a mean area of 3551  1559 nm(2) and mean perimeter of 217.54  52.09 nm (n=60). The mean area and perimeter of mitochondria in the IR groups increased to 28,181  21,248 nm(2) and 595.74  234.29 nm (n=40, p<0.0001 vs. control group, respectively), maintaining oval in shape. But, in the PI group, all parameters showed significant differences compared to parameters of the control group (n=35, p<0.0001). In particular, the mean axial ratio and roundness were significantly different from those in the IR group. Mitochondria in the PI group looked more spherical than those of control and IR groups. Adhesion force is the force before the last event on the retraction half of force-distance curve measurements, corresponding to the point where the tip and the surface loose contact. The adhesion forces of heart mitochondria in the IR and PI groups significantly decreased to 19.56  1.08 nN (n=30, p<0.0001) and 18.65  3.18 nN (n=30, p<0.0001), compared to normal mitochondria which had an adhesion force of 27.64  0.88 nN (n=30). Adhesion force is governed by the attractive portion of the interacting forces between the surface atoms of the contacts. From the morphological and nano-mechanical changes in heart mitochondria, we suggested that the outer membranes of mitochondria were broken by myocardial @entity63 before they became swollen, and the swelling might be correlated with the @entity63 . We inferred that the breakage of membranes leads to uptake of water and matrix swelling. As a result, shape measurement parameters for the quantitative analysis of @entity2383 could be very effective for evaluating the @entity296 .

title: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of heart mitochondria for evaluating the degree of XXXX utilizing atomic force microscopy.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['IR injury']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Mitochondrial dysfunction', 'mitochondrial swelling']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial injury']


abstract: @entity2724 ( @entity2724 ) is a @entity16 associated with the human leukocyte antigen HLA DR2. This is a prerequisite for the disease in 95 to 98% of Caucasian @entity1 . It has been demonstrated that the @entity3098 *0602 allele is a better marker for @entity2724 than @entity1533 *1501 (DR2). We present a DR-negative and @entity3098 *0602-positive Caucasian Spanish @entity1 with a very unusual genotype. A 20-year-old male presented with a 12-year history of excessive @entity25 and @entity425 caused by laughter and disturbed nocturnal sleep. He had never presented @entity1833 or @entity2726 . The family history was negative. Physical and neurological examinations were normal. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 21/24, The Ullanlinna Scale score was 20/40. The polysomnographic recording showed short sleep latency, increased percentage of stage 1 (St 1), increased number of body movements and decreased sleep efficiency index. MSLT data: mean sleep latency of 1 minute and three sleep onset @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) periods (SOREMPs). HLA phenotype: A1, @entity21844 ; Cw5, Cw7; B44, B39; @entity13620 , @entity20484 ; @entity4107 , DR8; DR53; DQ6, DQ8 and at the gene level: @entity1533 *0402, @entity3098 *0302; @entity1533 *0806, @entity3098 *0602. The @entity1533 *0806 and @entity3098 *0602 genotype is very infrequent in @entity2724 and identical to one African-American case in the series by Mignot et al. (1997a), and to a Caucasian case in another series by Mignot et al. (1997b). This indicates the genetic heterogeneity of the @entity2724 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity1533 *0806-DQB*0602 haplotype in a Caucasian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2726 :: ('MESH:D020188', 'Disease') :: ['sleep paralysis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['sudden muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['NC', 'Narcolepsy-Cataplexy', 'narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hypnagogic hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid eye movement']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['Narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the antiviral effect and predictors of response to @entity486 and @entity485 -based antiretroviral combination therapy. DESIGN: Intent-to-treat analysis with suppression of plasma viral load to levels below 2.7 log10 copies/ml as the main outcome measure. @entity1 : All adult @entity645 -positive individuals in the province of British Columbia who started taking @entity486 and @entity485 (each at 600 mg twice daily) in combination from 1 September 1996 to 28 February 1997, with a minimum of two plasma viral load measurements, one at baseline and one after the initiation of therapy. RESULTS: A total of 58 @entity1 were prescribed @entity486 and @entity485 . The median plasma viral load at entry was 4.80 log10 copies/ml (interquartile range, 4.51-5.15 log10 copies/ml). A total of 29 (50%) subjects demonstrated a decrease in plasma viral load to levels below 2.7 log10 copies/ml. This level of suppression was associated with higher baseline @entity404 cell counts (P=0.022) and no prior exposure to protease inhibitors (P=0.001). After controlling for baseline @entity404 cell count and plasma viral load, @entity1 naive to protease inhibitors were almost seven times (odds ratio, 6.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.85-26.39; P=0.004) more likely to suppress their plasma viral load to below 2.7 log10 copies/ml than those who had previously used protease inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Our analysis demonstrates that a @entity486 and @entity485 -based combination can produce a substantial decrease in plasma viral load with half of the @entity1 decreasing their plasma viral load to below the limit of quantification of the assay. This response, however, is seriously compromised by prior exposure to protease inhibitors.

title: The antiviral effect of XXXX and @entity485 in combination amongst @entity645 -infected adults: results from a community-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

answer: @entity486 :: (MESH:D019438,Chemical) :: ['ritonavir']


abstract: According to Norwegian law, drivers 70 years and older must carry a health certificate. This is issued by a general practitioner. If the @entity1 is not supposed to drive because of a medical condition, the doctor should report this to the County Health Officer. This can be problematic, not only because assessing whether a @entity1 fulfills the criteria for driving is difficult, but also because the doctor has obligations to both the public and his @entity1 . These problems are discussed, based on assessment of available literature and on personal experience. @entity303 is common in old age and affects approximately 15% of @entity1 aged 75 and older. @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity303 should certainly not drive. However, some @entity1 with mild @entity303 can nevertheless be safe drivers. The problem, however, is to identify the safe drivers among @entity1 with mild @entity303 . The current regulations on @entity303 and driving are presented briefly.

title: [Aging, XXXX and automobile driving].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: A retrospective review was undertaken to determine the incidence of, and radiologic findings associated with @entity1755 resulting from blunt @entity764 in @entity1 . Records and imaging data of 54 consecutive pediatric @entity1 admitted over a 2 year period to a pediatric @entity130 center after sustaining blunt @entity764 were reviewed. Four of 54 (7.4%) had a documented aortic tear. Plain films were evaluated for 7 radiographic signs described in the adult literature as sensitive indicators of @entity1755 , including abnormal aortic contour and mediastinal widening. Two groups of @entity1 were defined: Group 1 (n = 4) had @entity1755 confirmed by angiography or operation and Group 2 (n = 50) with no angiographic investigation. All @entity1 in Group 1 demonstrated mediastinal widening and abnormal aortic contour; however, 50 percent of @entity1 in Group 2 had similar findings. Computed tomograms of the thorax where obtained were reviewed, including 1 @entity1 from Group 1 and 6 @entity1 from Group 2. The aortic tear was well demonstrated in the one @entity1 from Group 1; however, the remaining computed tomograms were deemed inadequate for reliable exclusion of significant @entity130 . Plain chest radiographic findings in 5 consecutive @entity1 who underwent aortography in the two years subsequent to this series, including 2 additional @entity1 with @entity1755 , were also reviewed, with similar results. In conclusion, traumatic @entity1755 in the pediatric population may be more common than previously reported. Plain film findings of @entity1755 in @entity1 are similar to those in adults, and are sensitive but non-specific. Currently, at least in our institution, this injury may be underinvestigated. Angiography remains the modality of choice in the diagnosis of aortic tears in @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Traumatic XXXX in the pediatric population. Role of plain film, CT and angiography in the diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['aortic rupture']


abstract: @entity2360 ( @entity2360 ) has varied phenotypic presentations. Here we report the case of a 16-year-old @entity1 who presented with a history of multiple pathological @entity174 , severe @entity85 , @entity409 , @entity73 . On examination, the @entity1 had pinched out facies, pallor and @entity20785 . Bilateral Kayser Fleischer (KF) ring was present. Musculoskeletal examination revealed @entity31976 , bilateral genu valgus and @entity85 . @entity381 and moderate @entity843 were present. Neurological examination revealed mild @entity2003 and intermittent episodes of @entity3520 posturing of all four limbs. On this basis a diagnosis of @entity2360 with @entity3519 with @entity1575 with @entity101 with @entity8 with @entity8 was thought likely. Investigations confirmed the diagnosis. The @entity1 was started on treatment but he did not improve. He suffered aspiration @entity55 during his hospital stay and succumbed to the illness.

title: XXXX as an initial presentation of @entity2360 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal rickets', 'renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of liver']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline and limb dystonia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity20785 :: ('MESH:C535889', 'Disease') :: ['leukonychia totalis']

entities_list: @entity31976 :: ('MESH:D066166', 'Disease') :: ['pectus carinatum']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['WD', "Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['Splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['gun-stock deformity of the left elbow joint', 'joint deformities']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pathological fractures']


abstract: Twenty-four cases of @entity706 of the gastro-intestinal tract were diagnosed during the period 1970 to 1991. There was a preponderance of males and the male to female ratio being 1.4:1. Age ranged from 9-70 years, mean 32.2 years. Small intestine was involved in 50% cases, large bowel in 9 cases (37.5%) and stomach in 3 cases (12.5%). There were 5 cases (20.8%) of @entity978 and 19 cases (79.2%) were of @entity1893 . All cases of @entity6595 complained of @entity158 , @entity353 . In @entity706 of small intestine, 8 @entity1 complained of @entity158 associated with @entity391 and 6 @entity1 complained of distension of abdomen. In large @entity706 , @entity158 in right iliac fossa was complained by 4 @entity1 and @entity548 per rectum by 3 @entity1 . Out of all the 24 cases, changes in bowel habit were noted in 15 @entity1 and occult blood was positive in 13 cases. Palpable abdominal mass was noted in 14 @entity1 . Histomorphologically, all the 3 cases in the stomach were of @entity1072 . Out of 19 @entity1893 , 15 were of @entity1072 and 4 were of @entity4812 .

title: Primary XXXX of the gastro-intestinal tract: a clinicopathological study of 24 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'primary lymphoma', 'bowel lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma diffuse type', 'lymphocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: @entity3458 is common in the Middle East and India where the HbS gene is sometimes associated with the @entity30606 -globin gene ( @entity5358 ) cluster haplotype. In this haplotype of sickle cell @entity417 , fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels are 3-4 fold higher than those found in @entity1 with HbS haplotypes of African origin. Little is known about the genetic elements that modulate HbF in AI haplotype @entity1 . We therefore studied Saudi HbS homozygotes with the AI haplotype (mean HbF 19.2  7.0%, range 3.6 to 39.6%) and employed targeted genotyping of polymorphic sites to explore cis- and trans- acting elements associated with high HbF expression. We also described sequences which appear to be unique to the AI haplotype for which future functional studies are needed to further define their role in HbF modulation. All cases, regardless of HbF concentration, were homozygous for AI haplotype-specific elements cis to @entity5358 . SNPs in @entity21270 and @entity52391 that were associated with HbF in other populations explained only 8.8% of the variation in HbF. @entity4846 polymorphisms associated previously with high HbF were not present in the 44 @entity1 tested. More than 90% of the HbF variance in sickle cell @entity1 with the AI haplotype remains unexplained by the genetic loci that we studied. The dispersion of HbF levels among AI haplotype @entity1 suggests that other genetic elements modulate the effects of the known cis- and trans-acting regulators. These regulatory elements, which remain to be discovered, might be specific in the Saudi and some other populations where HbF levels are especially high.

title: Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell XXXX : genetic studies of the Arab-Indian haplotype.

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['Sickle cell anemia']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12751 is a @entity2315 caused by a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase. We evaluated the effect of enzyme-replacement therapy with recombinant @entity1 alpha-L-iduronidase in @entity1 with this disorder. METHODS: We treated 10 @entity1 with @entity12751 (age, 5 to 22 years) with recombinant @entity1 alpha-L-iduronidase at a dose of 125,000 U per kilogram of body weight given intravenously once weekly for 52 weeks. The @entity1 were evaluated at base line and at 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks by detailed clinical examinations, magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and brain, echocardiography, range-of-motion measurements, polysomnography, clinical laboratory evaluations, measurements of leukocyte alpha-L-iduronidase activity, and urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion. RESULTS: @entity828 decreased significantly in all @entity1 , and the size of the liver was normal for body weight and age in eight @entity1 by 26 weeks. The rate of growth in height and weight increased by a mean of 85 and 131 percent, respectively, in the six prepubertal @entity1 . The mean maximal range of motion of shoulder flexion and elbow extension increased significantly. The number of episodes of @entity386 and @entity387 during sleep decreased 61 percent. New York Heart Association functional class improved by one or two classes in all @entity1 . Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion decreased after 3 to 4 weeks of treatment; the mean reduction was 63 percent of base-line values. Five @entity1 had transient @entity110 during infusions. Serum antibodies to alpha-L-iduronidase were detected in four @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity12751 , treatment with recombinant @entity1 alpha-L-iduronidase reduces lysosomal storage in the liver and ameliorates some clinical manifestations of the disease.

title: Enzyme-replacement therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity12751 :: ('MESH:D008059', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis I', 'Mucopolysaccharidosis I']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity12751 :: (MESH:D008059,Disease) :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis I']