abstract: BACKGROUND: The distribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes varies widely between different ethnic populations and geographic areas. Before any genetic marker can be used in a disease-associated study it is therefore essential to investigate allelic frequencies and establish a genetic database. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This is the first report of HLA typing in the Tujia group using the Luminex HLA-SSO method @entity33824 allelic distributions were determined in 124 unrelated healthy Tujia individuals, and haplotypic frequencies and linkage disequilibrium parameters were estimated using the maximum-likelihood method. In total 10 alleles were detected at the @entity1529 locus, 21 alleles at the @entity1530 locus and 14 alleles at the @entity1533 locus. The most frequently observed alleles in the HLA-I group were @entity1529 *02 (35.48%), A*11 (28.23%), A*24 (15.73%); @entity1530 *40 (25.00%), B*46 (16.13%), and B*15 (15.73%). Among @entity1533 alleles, high frequencies of @entity1533 *09 (25.81%) were observed, followed by @entity1533 *15 (12.9%), and @entity1533 *12 (10.89%). The two-locus haplotypes at the highest frequency were A*02-B*46A (8.47%), followed by A*11-B*40 (7.66%), A*02-B*40 (8.87%), A*11-B*15 (6.45%), A*02-B*15 (6.05%), B*40- @entity1533 *09 (9.27%) and B*46- @entity1533 *09 (6.45%). The most common three-locus haplotypes found in the Tujia population were A*02-B*46- @entity1533 *09 (4.84%) and A*02-B*40- @entity1533 *09 (4.03%). Fourteen two-loci haplotypes had significant linkage disequilibrium. Construction of a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree and principal component analysis using the allelic frequencies at @entity1529 was performed to compare the Tujia group and twelve other previously reported populations. The Tujia population in the Wufeng of Hubei Province had the closest genetic relationship with the central Han population, and then to the Shui, the Miao, the southern Han and the northern Han ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results will become a valuable source of data for tracing population migration, planning clinical organ transplantation, carrying out HLA-linked disease-associated studies and forensic identification.

title: Distribution of XXXX genes and haplotypes in the Tujia population living in the Wufeng Region of Hubei Province, China.

answer: @entity33824 :: (3105;3106;3123,Gene) :: ['HLA-A, -B and -DRB1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity121 ( @entity121 ) is a surgical technique used to correct lagophthalmos in @entity1201 @entity1 . We have evaluated the degree of success of @entity121 in achieving full lid closure, which is important in preventing @entity16 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 69 @entity1 who had @entity121 done, at one centre, on 101 eyes during the period of 1998-2009. Lid gaps on direct gaze and with both gentle and forced closure, as well as voluntary muscle testing of eye lid closure, were assessed using standard measuring techniques by a qualified physiotherapist. Associated problems due to lagophthalmos were recorded both pre- and post- operatively. Data were abstracted on to a special proforma and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS. RESULTS: On completion of post-operative physiotherapy, 85% of the eyes could achieve full lid closure with no measurable gap. The mean (SD) lid gap on forced closure was 48 (2.8) mm pre-operatively and 0.2 (0.5) mm at the end of the in- @entity1 stay. The mean (SD) lid gap on gentle closure was 7.9 (2.6) mm preoperatively and 2.4 (1.8) mm post-operatively. The mean (SD) vertical inter-palpebral distance, during straight gaze, was reduced from 12.6 (1.6) pre-operatively to 9.8 (1.2) postoperatively. @entity1036 cleared in 16 of 27 eyes (60%) and @entity9467 cleared or improved in 31 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the @entity121 is a successful option (cosmetically and functionally) for correction of lagophthalmos.

title: Efficacy of temporalis muscle transfer for correction of lagophthalmos in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['Exposure keratitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the cornea']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Temporalis Muscle Transfer', 'TMT']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: AIM: Prognostic factors which affect treatment results of @entity463 ( @entity463 ; WHO Grade IV) @entity1 has been investigated in many researches. For these @entity1 determination of prognostic factors helps generating multimodal therapy protocols. For this purpose, in the Baskent University Medical School, Neurosurgery Clinic, Adana Medical Research Center, specific characteristics of @entity463 @entity1 who have surgery retrospectively investigated and factors which affect prognosis has been determined. METHODS: Between January 2005 and January 2009, 59 @entity1 (25 female, 34 male) who have @entity463 have been evaluated retrospectively. Mean follow-up period was 27.4 (+/-17.3) months. @entity10 (66.1%) was the most seen symptom. Time of diagnosis was 1-2 months for most of the @entity1 (54.2%). Fifty-nine @entity1 had 67 operations totally. Preoperative Karnofski Performance Scale (KPS) was >or=70 for 43 operations, <or=70 for 24 operations. Frontal lobe was the most involved part of the @entity5 ,and @entity5 has the diameter of 4.8 (+/-1.42) cm. Forty gross total resection, 26 subtotal resection and 1 lobectomy were performed. Postoperatively for 41 operations KPS>or=70, for 26 operations KPS<or=70. After surgery 44 @entity1 had @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). Eighteen @entity1 had only adjuvant @entity1161 , 26 @entity1 had @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) treatment used at the same time with @entity1161 combination therapy (CombT with @entity2904 ) and 6 cures adjuvant @entity2904 concomitant therapy (ConcT with @entity2904 ). Median survival and prognostic factors of 42 @entity463 @entity1 was calculated with multivariable and univariable analysis. RESULTS: Median survival was 8 (+/-1.5) months for @entity1 who died. One year survival was 83.3% and two-year survival 16.7%. After treatment, relapse occurred in 12 @entity1 at the site of the @entity5 and these @entity1 had been reoperated. After univariate statistical analysis preoperative KPS was >or=70 (P=0.0000) , postoperative KPS 2 was >or=70 (P=0.0000), type of @entity5 resection (P=0.00002), multiple operations (P=0.001), adjuvant @entity1161 (P=0.0000) and ConcT with adjuvant @entity2904 (P=0.0000) were all positive prognostic factors which extend the survival. After multivariate analysis, post operative KPS was >or=70 (P=0.003; OR:0.89; % 95 CI:0.83-0.96), type of resection (P=0.055; OR:0.37; % 95 CI:0.13-0.12) and multiple operations (P=0.042; OR:2.65; % 95 CI:1.03-6.82) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: When independent prognostic factors were examined ,median survival found out 7.8 months longer fort he @entity1 whose postoperative KPS were >or=70, 5.7 months longer for the @entity1 who had radical resection, 6.6 months longer for the @entity1 who had multiple operations. Although @entity1 who had ConcT with adjuvant @entity2904 had 1.7 months longer survival compared to @entity1 who had only adjuvant @entity1161 , it was not determined as an independent prognostic factor.

title: Effectiveness of @entity2903 treatment used at the same time with radiotherapy and adjuvant @entity2903 ; concomitant therapy of XXXX : multivariate analysis and other prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'biggest tumor']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma multiforme']


abstract: Twenty-two Standardbred @entity1641 in race training were used in a crossover experiment to determine the effect of oral @entity4388 ( @entity5993 ) administration on performance and metabolic responses to a 1.6-km (1-mile) race. @entity1641 were paired and one @entity1641 in each pair was treated with either @entity5993 (300 mg/kg BW) or a placebo, 2.5 h before they raced against each other. Each @entity1641 was scheduled to compete in two races, approximately 1 wk apart, one on each treatment. @entity1641 always raced in the same pairs. Fourteen @entity1641 successfully completed both races. Jugular blood samples were obtained 1.5 h after treatment (rest), immediately before racing, 5 min post-race and 15 min post-race. In six @entity1641 , blood samples also were obtained 30 min post-race. Race times averaged 1.1 s faster after @entity5993 treatment (P less than .1). @entity4388 treatment also elevated blood pH (P less than .05). In the @entity1641 sampled 15 and 30 min post-race, blood @entity880 disappearance was faster with the @entity5993 treatment (P less than .05). The @entity5993 may delay the @entity1295 precipitated by i.m. @entity520 . Because other factors may limit performance (musculoskeletal soundness, cardiovascular and respiratory ability), @entity5993 would not be expected to enhance the performance of all @entity1641 . However, the effect of @entity5993 on @entity880 clearance may have implications for all intensively worked @entity1641 ; because @entity880 and the associated @entity3884 ions are believed to cause @entity121 and soreness, any mechanism to increase their removal rate could benefit the @entity1641 athlete.

title: Effect of XXXX on racing Standardbreds.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium bicarbonate', 'sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horse', 'horses', 'equine']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity4388 :: (MESH:D017693,Chemical) :: ['sodium bicarbonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The default mode network ( @entity1233 ), a brain system anchored in the posteromedial cortex, has been identified as underconnected in adults with @entity72 ( @entity72 ). However, to date there have been no attempts to characterize this network and its involvement in mediating @entity51 in @entity1 with @entity72 . Furthermore, the functionally heterogeneous profile of the posteromedial cortex raises questions regarding how altered connectivity manifests in specific functional modules within this brain region in @entity1 with @entity72 . METHODS: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and an anatomically informed approach were used to investigate the functional connectivity of the @entity1233 in 20 @entity1 with @entity72 and 19 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched @entity245 ( @entity245 ) @entity1 . Multivariate regression analyses were used to test whether altered patterns of connectivity are predictive of social impairment severity. RESULTS: Compared with @entity245 @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity72 demonstrated hyperconnectivity of the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices with predominately medial and anterolateral temporal cortex. In contrast, the precuneus in @entity72 @entity1 demonstrated hypoconnectivity with @entity21 , and locally within the posteromedial cortex. Aberrant posterior cingulate cortex hyperconnectivity was linked with severity of @entity73 in @entity72 , whereas precuneus hypoconnectivity was @entity51 . Consistent with previous work in healthy adults, a functionally heterogeneous profile of connectivity within the posteromedial cortex in both @entity245 and @entity72 @entity1 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This work links hyperconnectivity of @entity1233 -related circuits to the core @entity51 in young @entity1 with @entity72 and highlights fundamental aspects of posteromedial cortex heterogeneity.

title: Default mode network in childhood autism: posteromedial cortex heterogeneity and relationship with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['social impairments']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typically developing']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['social deficits', 'unrelated to social deficits']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['visual cortex, basal ganglia']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['social deficits']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Perfusion imaging has the potential to select @entity1 most likely to respond to thrombolysis. We tested the correspondence of computed tomography perfusion ( @entity93 )-derived mismatch with contemporaneous perfusion-diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Acute @entity385 @entity1 3 to 6 hours after onset had @entity93 and perfusion-diffusion MRI within 1 hour, before thrombolysis. Relative cerebral blood flow (relCBF) and time to peak of the deconvolved tissue residue function (Tmax) were calculated. The diffusion lesion (diffusion-weighted imaging) was registered to the @entity93 slabs and manually outlined to its maximal visual extent. Volumetric accuracy of CT-relCBF @entity1188 core (compared with diffusion-weighted imaging) was tested. To reduce false-positive low CBF regions, relCBF core was restricted to voxels within a relative time-to-peak (relTTP) >4 seconds for lesion region of interest. The MR-Tmax >6 seconds perfusion lesion was automatically segmented and registered to @entity93 . Receiver-operating characteristic analysis determined the optimal CT-Tmax threshold to match MR-Tmax >6 seconds. Agreement of these CT parameters with MR perfusion-diffusion mismatch in coregistered slabs was assessed (mismatch ratio >1.2, absolute mismatch >10 mL, @entity1188 core <70 mL). RESULTS: In analysis of 49 @entity1 (mean onset to CT, 213 minutes; mean CT to MR, 31 minutes), constraining relCBF <31% within the automated relTTP perfusion lesion region of interest reduced the median magnitude of @entity2246 (vs diffusion-weighted imaging) from 47.5 mL to 15.8 mL (P<0.001). The optimal CT-Tmax threshold to match MR-Tmax >6 seconds was 6.2 seconds (95% confidence interval, 5.6-7.3 seconds; sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 70%; area under the curve, 0.87). Using CT-Tmax >6 seconds "penumbra" and relTTP-constrained relCBF "core," CT-based and MRI-based mismatch status was concordant in 90% (kappa=0.80). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative @entity93 mismatch classification using relCBF and Tmax is similar to perfusion-diffusion MRI. The greater accessibility of @entity93 may facilitate generalizability of mismatch-based selection in clinical practice and trials.

title: Comparison of computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging perfusion-diffusion mismatch in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['volumetric error']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been proven an effective method in treating large articular cartilage defects in short- or medium-term follow-up clinical studies. HYPOTHESIS: First generation ACI of @entity1 with large full-thickness @entity154 of the knee could yield reliable functional outcomes after a minimum follow-up of 5 years. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2005, 42 @entity1 (45 knees) underwent first generation ACI for symptomatic @entity154 of the knee. All @entity1 had moderate to large (mean, 5.33 cm(2)) full-thickness @entity154 . @entity1 were evaluated using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Knee Examination Form, the Tegner activity score, the Lysholm score, the Stanmore functional rating score, and a visual analog scale (VAS) for @entity158 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 96 months (range, 62-144 months). At the final follow-up, a significant increase in all scores was recorded. Compared with preoperative findings, the median Lysholm score significantly improved, increasing from 56.0 to 89.0 (P < .05). The IKDC and the Tegner activity score showed significant improvement postoperatively, increasing from 45 and 5.5 to 69 and 6.5, respectively (P < .05). The mean ICRS improved from grade 3.8 preoperatively to grade 2.8 postoperatively (P < .05). The Stanmore functional rating score and the @entity227 score were decreased from 3.06 and 7.33 to 0.94 and 2, respectively (P < .05). Reoperation was required in 5 @entity1 . In 2 of them graft failure was recorded due to @entity528 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The long-term outcomes of our series support the effectiveness of first generation ACI in both @entity158 relief and functional rehabilitation of @entity1 with large full-thickness @entity4713 of the knee.

title: Treatment of full-thickness XXXX of the knee with autologous chondrocyte implantation: a functional evaluation with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['chondral defects']

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral defects']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration or partial detachment']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['chondral defects']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of surgical repair of complete distal @entity397 using suture anchors and high-strength sutures by use of validated outcome measures. METHODS: A consecutive series of @entity1796 at a single institution were studied. All cases were surgically repaired by use of suture anchors double loaded with ultrahigh-molecular-weight @entity691 -containing sutures. All @entity1 were evaluated with a physical examination, radiographs, and questionnaires. The following postoperative validated outcome measures were used: the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score; the Oxford Elbow Score; the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons elbow assessment form; and the Mayo Elbow Performance Index. RESULTS: Five male @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 32 months underwent suture anchor repair for @entity1796 . Of the repairs, 3 were in the dominant arm and 2 in the nondominant arm. The mean @entity1 age was 47 years (range, 35 to 54 years). Postoperatively, the mean DASH score was 1.4, the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons elbow score was 99.2, the mean Mayo Elbow Performance Index was 95.8, the mean Oxford Elbow Score for @entity158 was 98.8, the mean Oxford Elbow Score for function was 100, and the mean Oxford Elbow Score for the social domain was 96.2. A lower score for the DASH indicates @entity717 and better function. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective case series of suture anchor repair of distal triceps @entity397 showed excellent elbow function based on validated clinical outcome measures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

title: Clinical outcome after suture anchor repair for complete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['triceps tendon rupture', 'tendon ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic rupture of the distal triceps tendon', 'traumatic distal triceps tendon ruptures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['less disability']

answer: @entity1796 :: (MESH:D013708,Disease) :: ['traumatic rupture of the distal triceps tendon']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity3909 from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) remains poor, and the available treatment options for the @entity2 do not relieve the severe symptoms of this sequela. We report the successful treatment of two cases of @entity3909 caused by @entity1149 , using @entity4562 and a ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunt. The first @entity1 was a 43-year-old @entity1 with pT1N0M0 @entity420 . Multiple brain and vertebral metastases were found 13 months after surgery. She had undergone gamma-knife radiosurgery for the brain metastases, radiotherapy for the vertebral metastases, and two regimens of systemic chemotherapy, before @entity3909 was diagnosed. She was given @entity4562 , and then a V-P shunt was placed. She continued to take @entity4562 and was free of subjected symptoms for 5 months until she died. The second @entity1 was a 64-year-old @entity1 with cT4N0M0 @entity420 . After local chemotherapy using @entity900 and @entity1012 for carcinomatosis @entity5641 and two regimens of systemic chemotherapy, @entity3909 was detected. A V-P shunt was placed, and she was sequentially given @entity4562 . At her 15-month follow-up, she was free of symptoms of @entity3909 . No adverse effects or shunt problems were detected in either @entity1 . This therapeutic modality may liberate @entity3909 @entity1 with severe symptoms from hospitalization and improve their quality of life.

title: @entity4562 and a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt to manage @entity3909 from XXXX : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: A statistical analysis of the prognostic significance of eight pretreatment variables was undertaken for 71 previously untreated adult @entity1 with @entity3052 seen at M.D. Anderson Hospital over a 5 1/2-year period. None of the @entity1 had received any prior therapy. Nearly all of the @entity1 (68 of the 71) were treated with 4- or 5-day courses of @entity2592 alone or in combination with @entity786 , @entity1891 (oncovin) and @entity229 (COAP). The pretreatment variables studied were age at diagnosis, the percent labeling index of the @entity236 cells, diagnosis, the highest temperature prior to start of treatment, the marrow clot section cellularity and smear differential percent of blasts, percent @entity236 cell infiltrate and absolute number of blasts X 10(3)/mm3 in the peripheral blood. Fifty-one @entity1 had @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and 20 @entity1 had @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Using a statistical regression model approach, the only variables found to be of significant prognostic importance with respect to the probability of complete remission for @entity3052 @entity1 were the pretreatment percent labeling index, the age of the @entity1 and the highest temperature prior to start of treatment. Unlike @entity3052 , the initial percent labeling index did not appear to be of prognostic significance for @entity981 @entity1 . @entity3052 @entity1 with high labeling indices (larger than or equal to 9%) and young @entity1 in general (especially those less than 40 years old) had the best remission rates. With respect to the length of complete remission and survival for all @entity1 , the only important variables were the pretreatment percent labeling index and the age of the @entity1 , respectively. Once in complete remission, an initially high labeling index was an unfavorable sign with respect to length of remission, regardless of the @entity1 's diagnosis. The results of this study are supportive of studies in experimental systems demonstrating the importance of cytokinetic factors in the administration of chemotherapy and suggest that such factors may be of clinical importance in selecting approaches to therapy.

title: Prognotic significance of pretreatment proliferative activity in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinosyl-cytosine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['absolute marrow leukemic', 'bone marrow leukemic']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2270 in @entity1316 was common in epidemiological studies. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, pattern, and number of @entity2270 comorbidities and the role of the Quick Inventory of @entity308 Symptomatology - 16 items-Self-Report (QIDS-16-SR) in predicting the number of comorbidities in @entity308 ( @entity308 ) or @entity162 ( @entity162 ). METHODS: Baseline data from the first 300 routine clinical outpatients diagnosed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Systematic-Treatment-Enhancement - Program for @entity162 version 5.0.0 were used. Baseline severity was measured with QIDS-16-SR and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S). RESULTS: Of 113 @entity1 with @entity308 and 166 with @entity162 , the prevalence of any current @entity148 ( @entity148 ), @entity734 ( @entity734 ), and @entity71 ( @entity71 ) was 76% versus 74%, 14% versus 29%, and 8% versus 21%, respectively. The most common patterns of current comorbidity were @entity308 + @entity148 (58.4%) for @entity308 , and @entity162 + @entity148 (39.8%) and @entity162 + @entity148 + @entity734 (11.4%) for @entity162 . More than 80% @entity1 with @entity308 or @entity162 had >=  1 current @entity74 . About 20% @entity1 with @entity162 and 10% with @entity308 had >=  4 other disorders. The number of comorbidities was positively associated with baseline severity and suicidal ideation in both @entity308 and @entity162 . A QIDS-16-SR of 10 had a positive predictive value of >=  90% in predicting >=  1 comorbidity in @entity308 and @entity162 . LIMITATIONS: The sample was modest and from a tertiary medical center. CONCLUSION: A thorough diagnostic assessment for @entity2270 should be included in all @entity1 with @entity1316 , especially when a QIDS-16-SR of >=  10 points.

title: Should an assessment of @entity2270 be included in the initial diagnostic assessment of XXXX ? Role of QIDS-16-SR total score in predicting number of @entity2270 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid disorder']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['Axis I', 'Axis I comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder', 'SUD']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of @entity2643 and @entity5126 in reverting @entity4710 after cardiac operations were compared in a randomized cross-over trial. @entity1 with sustained @entity955 or @entity5069 for more than 2 hours' duration, stable hemodynamic status, and prior digoxin therapy were randomized to receive either intravenous @entity2643 , 5 mg/kg over 20 minutes (41 @entity1 ), or oral @entity5126 , 400 mg immediately and 400 mg in 4 hours (39 @entity1 ), with cross-over at 8 hours if reversion was not achieved. Thirty-six @entity1 had a coronary artery operation, 35 a valvular operation, five had both, and there were four miscellaneous cases. There was a male:female ratio of 1.5:1 and a mean age of 58 years (range 23 to 75 years). Preoperative @entity955 or @entity5069 was present in nine @entity1 , and four @entity1 had an ejection fraction less than 40%. Twenty-five of 39 @entity1 (64%) given @entity5126 first reverted to sinus rhythm, compared with 17 of 41 @entity1 (41%) given @entity2643 first (2p = 0.04). Side-effects occurred in 18 @entity1 given @entity5126 and five @entity1 given @entity2643 (2p = 0.01). Two @entity1 , both given @entity5126 , were withdrawn from the study. There was no correlation, with either drug, between serum levels and clinical efficacy. Multivariate analysis identified longer times from @entity943 to treatment, preoperative @entity955 , mitral valve operations, and concomitant @entity1169 therapy as factors predictive of failure to revert to sinus rhythm. Oral @entity5126 was more effective than intravenous @entity2643 in reverting postoperative @entity955 and @entity5069 but caused more side-effects.

title: Intravenous XXXX bolus versus oral @entity5126 for @entity955 after cardiac operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor (anti- @entity2874 ) therapy has been an important development for the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but the impact of its delivery on hospital resources in still emerging. AIMS: We audited the effect of starting anti- @entity2874 on the use of other anti-rheumatic therapies and hospital resources in a routine secondary care setting. METHODS: A retrospective study of resource use before and after anti- @entity2874 was conducted. Hospital records of 54 @entity309 @entity1 were studied and data taken from the time of commencing anti- @entity2874 to 1 October 2004 and an equal time period prior to commencing anti- @entity2874 . Identical data were collected for 54 controls not on anti- @entity2874 . Relevant figures were extrapolated to per annum rates. Results were analysed using two-factor ANOVAs comparing the pre- versus post-anti- @entity2874 period. Cases on intravenous (IV) versus subcutaneous (SC) anti- @entity2874 were also compared in separate ANOVAs. RESULTS: Mean duration of anti- @entity2874 therapy was 17.04 months (range 3.60-42.36). Mean pre- and 3-months post-anti- @entity2874 Disease Activity Scores (DAS28) were 6.93 and 3.88, respectively. Cases were more likely than controls to be on oral @entity617 pre- and post-anti- @entity2874 . @entity1667 requirement, number of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), telephone helpline contacts and duration as an inpatient reduced significantly post-anti- @entity2874 . Day case admissions increased but outpatient appointments decreased only in cases on IV anti- @entity2874 . CONCLUSIONS: In a pragmatic setting, anti- @entity2874 therapy led to reduced need for @entity134 injections and other DMARDs, as well as reductions in use of several hospital resources. Wider replication of these findings will be important for planning delivery.

title: The impact of anti- @entity5 XXXX factor therapy for @entity309 on the use of other drugs and hospital resources in a pragmatic setting.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: The distribution and fine structure of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive ( @entity4655 - @entity3162 ) cells and fibers in the vestibular nuclei of the @entity35 were investigated by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. In addition to the previous report that @entity4655 - @entity3162 cells were found in the lateral vestibular nucleus, the present study clarified that they are found also in the inferior vestibular nucleus, medial vestibular nucleus and nucleus X. The lateral vestibular nucleus contains a high density of @entity4655 - @entity3162 cells. They are medium in size and multipolar in shape. @entity4655 - @entity3162 cells in the inferior vestibular nucleus are small to medium in size and triangular or @entity3587 shaped. @entity4655 - @entity3162 cells in the medial vestibular nucleus and nucleus X are both few in number and small in size. Possible colocalization of @entity4655 with @entity934 , @entity1246 or substance P in the single neuron of the vestibular nuclei might be suggested. @entity4655 - @entity3162 fibers are more extensively distributed in various areas throughout the vestibular nuclei, though previous studies reported that they were found in the lateral vestibular nucleus and inferior vestibular nucleus. A number of @entity4655 - @entity3162 fibers are clearly observed in the inferior vestibular nucleus. Under electron microscopic analysis, @entity4655 - @entity3162 endoproducts are diffusely localized throughout the cytoplasm and some of @entity4655 - @entity3162 dendrites are identified to receive synaptic inputs form non-immunoreactive axon terminals with small spherical vesicles. It seems likely that @entity4655 is participated both in the intrinsic neurons in the vestibular nuclei or in the reciprocal innervations between the vestibular nuclei and the reticular formation or the cerebellum.

title: [Localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivities in the vestibular nuclei of the XXXX by light and electron microscopic studies].

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A behavioral procedure for controlling @entity2915 without inhibiting academic performance is described. Using a time-sample observational method, the @entity2915 displayed by three school @entity1 was recorded during math and reading classes. Concurrently, math and reading performances were measured. The study consisted of two baselines, one while the @entity1 were on medication and the second while they were off medication. A multiple-baseline design across the two academic subject matters was used to assess the behavioral intervention, which consisted of token reinforcement for correct academic responses in math and subsequently math and reading. Discontinuation of medication resulted in a gross increase in @entity2915 from 20% to about 80%, and a slight increase in math and reading performance. Introduction of a behavioral program for academic performance, during no medication, controlled the @entity1 's @entity2915 at a level comparable to that when they were on drugs (about 20%). At the same time, math and reading performance for the group jumped from about 12% during baseline to a level of over 85% correct. Each @entity1 performed behaviorally and academically in an optimal manner without medication. Contingency management techniques provided a feasible alternative to medication for controlling @entity2915 in the classroom while enabling the @entity1 to grow academically.

title: A behavioral-educational alternative to drug control of hyperactive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity54 , the main etiologic agent causing invasive @entity2381 , can induce an inflammatory response and a pro- @entity715 phenotype upon contact with @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the fungal molecules involved in this endothelial response remain unknown. A. fumigatus hyphae produce an extracellular matrix composed of galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and a-(1,3)-glucan. In this study, we investigated the consequences of UGM1 gene deletion in A. fumigatus, which produces a mutant with @entity101 . The    ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-a secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus    ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-a and to stress response pathways. Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-a secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the    ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. This work contributes new data regarding endothelial mechanisms in response to A. fumigatus infection. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity3 is the main opportunistic @entity364 described in @entity1398 hematologic @entity1 . One important clinical aspect of this invasive @entity364 is vascular @entity715 , which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown.The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus.

title: Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of XXXX modulates HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased galactosaminogalactan production']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: Objective. To report a case of @entity459 in a pregnant @entity1 , report the obstetric and neonatal outcomes, and review the relevant literature. Results. A 29-year-old primigravida was successfully treated for PHP with minimally invasive resection of a @entity3243 in the second trimester of pregnancy. A healthy baby @entity1 was delivered at 37-week gestation with an unremarkable neonatal course. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case report in the literature utilizing intraoperative @entity461 during a parathyroidectomy in a pregnant @entity1 . Conclusions. @entity459 is a rare life-threatening condition that can present during pregnancy. The diagnosis can be difficult to establish during pregnancy, given the nonspecific symptoms related to @entity2741 . However, a better understanding of the condition, improved diagnostic studies, and well-organized multidisciplinary management decisions can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease during pregnancy. This case report is presented to highlight the value of early diagnosis and appropriate management of PHP during pregnancy.

title: @entity459 in pregnancy-a rare cause of life-threatening XXXX : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

answer: @entity2741 :: (MESH:D006934,Disease) :: ['hypercalcemia']


abstract: Previous studies using the isolated ex vivo perfused @entity235 @entity788 preparation showed that during a 4-hour perfusion @entity788 ( @entity4 , @entity1017 , @entity12828 ) can be induced by four different stimuli. The stimuli include the intra-arterial infusion of @entity3952 (FFA), a 2-hour period of @entity63 before perfusion (ISCH), @entity788 duct with secretin stimulation (POSS), and the intra-arterial infusion of @entity8629 at supramaximal doses (CER). In the present study, changes in high-energy @entity4613 metabolism, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and changes in cellular structure, determined by light and electron microscopy, were documented for all four models of acute @entity788 . The control preparations remained stable for the 4-hour perfusion period, with no decrease in @entity855 ( @entity855 ) levels. In the FFA preparations, @entity855 decreased to 36% of baseline levels during the 4-hour perfusion (p less than 0.001). In the ISCH preparations, @entity855 decreased to undetectable levels during the 2-hour period of @entity63 , but recovered rapidly and remained at baseline levels during the perfusion. @entity855 levels remained stable in the remaining two models of @entity788 (POSS, CER). Microscopy demonstrated that the @entity130 was located chiefly in the capillaries (swollen endothelium, intravascular thrombi) in the FFA and ISCH preparations. In the POSS and CER preparations, capillary changes were minimal and the injury was located chiefly in the acinar cells (swollen endoplasmic reticulum, zymogen granule depletion, vacuolization). The POSS preparations also showed striking dilation of centroacinar lumens reflecting duct obstruction. In additional studies it was shown that the @entity855 decline in the FFA preparations could be significantly reduced by pretreatment with free radical scavengers. The morphologic changes could be reduced by free radical scavengers in the FFA and ISCH preparations. Any amelioration of morphologic injury in the POSS preparations was obscured by dilatation of centroacinar lumens in both treated and untreated groups. The morphologic changes in the CER preparations were reduced by treatment with a cholecystokinin inhibitor.

title: Changes in high-energy @entity4613 metabolism and cell morphology in four models of acute experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'partial obstruction of the pancreatic']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['hyperamylasemia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is a widely accepted staging procedure in @entity1 with @entity320 . However, it is unclear which factors predict the occurrence of micrometastasis and overall prognosis and whether @entity1600 should also be performed in @entity1 with thin @entity5 . At our Department of Dermatology, University of Munich (Germany), 1049 consecutive @entity320 @entity1 were identified for @entity1600 between 1996 and 2007, and were followed-up to assess disease-free and overall survival. Of those, a total of 854 @entity1 were analyzed prospectively. @entity1 with positive @entity4298 were subjected to selective lymphadenectomy. The association of @entity1 characteristics with @entity4298 was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Survival curves were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression with different adjustments was used to estimate the effect of @entity4298 on survival. The detection rate of @entity4298 was 97.24%, of which 24.9% were metastatic. Significant parameters upon @entity4298 positivity were @entity5 thickness and nodular type of @entity320 . The 5-year overall survival was 90.1 and 58.1% in @entity4298 -negative and @entity4298 -positive @entity1 , respectively. Upon multivariate analysis @entity5 thickness and @entity4298 status were significant factors influencing both disease-free survival and overall survival. In conclusion, our data confirm that @entity1600 is relevant as a diagnostic and staging procedure and that @entity5 thickness is of predictive importance. @entity4298 status should be taken into account when designing clinical trials and informing @entity1 about the probable course of their disease. Our data suggest that in case of a @entity320 subtype @entity1600 should also be considered at a @entity5 thickness below 1 mm.

title: Prognostic factors associated with XXXX and effect of sentinel status on survival: an analysis of 1049 @entity1 with @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SLNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'nodular melanoma']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['sentinel lymph node positivity']


abstract: Central pontine @entity6150 is a rare @entity16 that is defined by @entity17 descending tracts and transversly crossing fibers in the basis pontis. Frequently observed clinical manifestations of this disorder include @entity425 , @entity1282 , @entity393 and @entity1688 . However, there have been a few studies that reported a benign course of this disease, which include cerebellar signs, such as @entity2055 , intention @entity400 , and @entity4653 . Here we report on a 53-year-old male with a history of liver @entity82 who showed the cerebellar type of central pontine @entity6150 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with central pontine @entity6150 based on clinical presentations and magnetic resonance imaging findings after a liver transplantation. Conventional magenetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the preservation of the corticospinal tract and abnormal pontocerebellar fibers. However, these findings were not sufficient to define the pathophysiology of our @entity1 . Electrophysiologic analysis and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed to investigate cerebellar signs in this case. Delayed @entity713 ( @entity713 ) to the tibialis anterior muscle with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was observed, which indicated @entity17 of the corticospinal tract. Also, diffusion tensor imaging showed abnormal pontocerebellar fibers, which might have been caused by @entity76 in our @entity1 . A combination of TMS and DTI was also used to determine the pathophysiology of this disease.

title: Corticospinal tract and pontocerebellar fiber of central pontine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['locked-in syndrome']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'demyelination of longitudinally']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['CMCT', 'central motor conduction time']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['sudden weakness']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciouness']

entities_list: @entity6150 :: ('MESH:D017590', 'Disease') :: ['myelinolysis']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity6150 :: (MESH:D017590,Disease) :: ['myelinolysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of thoracic MRI with fast imaging sequences without contrast administration at 1.5 T for evaluating @entity1514 by comparing MRI findings with contrast-enhanced MDCT findings. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A prospective study included consecutively registered pediatric @entity1 who from December 2009 to January 2012 underwent thoracic MDCT followed within 2 days by MRI for evaluation of @entity1514 . The final study sample consisted of 71 @entity1 (36 @entity1 , 35 @entity1 ; mean age, 8.6    4.5 years; range, 2 months-16 years) and 71 paired thoracic MRI and MDCT studies. @entity1514 MRI was performed in the axial and coronal planes with the following fast imaging sequences: T1-weighted fast-field echo inversion prepulse, T2-weighted balanced fast-field echo multiple 2D, T1- and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo cardiac-triggering parallel imaging technique without cardiac monitoring, and STIR. @entity1514 MDCT was performed with i.v. contrast administration. Two pediatric radiologists independently reviewed each MRI and MDCT study for abnormalities in the lung, large airways, and mediastinal, @entity85 . The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of MRI were calculated. Interobserver agreement was measured with the kappa coefficient. RESULTS: With MDCT as the reference standard, 51 of 71 (72%) @entity1 had abnormal findings on MDCT studies, including infections in 21 (42%) cases, @entity5 in 19 (37%) cases, @entity401 in seven (14%) cases, @entity1143 in three (6%) cases, and congenital bronchogenic cyst in one (2%) case. The overall diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRI for detecting @entity1514 were 69 of 71 (97%), 49 of 51 (96%), and 20 of 20 (100%). Two undiagnosed findings with MRI that were detected with MDCT were mild bronchiectasis and small pulmonary nodule (3 mm). Almost perfect interobserver agreement was found between two reviewers with 70 of 71 agreements (k = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.92-1.00; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION; MRI with fast imaging sequences without contrast administration is comparable to contrast-enhanced MDCT for detecting @entity1514 in pediatric @entity1 . Use of MRI with fast imaging sequences without contrast administration as a first-line cross-sectional imaging study in lieu of contrast-enhanced MDCT has the potential to benefit this @entity1 population owing to reduced radiation exposure and i.v. contrast administration.

title: Evaluation of XXXX : comparison of unenhanced fast-imaging-sequence 1.5-T MRI and contrast-enhanced MDCT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic', 'thoracic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['pleural, and musculoskeletal structures']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['pediatric thoracic disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This multi-center clinical study was designed to determine the long-term results of @entity1 who received a one-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion with expandable cage (Tyche(R) cage) for @entity179 during the same period in each hospital. METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity1643 who had a one-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion using a newly designed expandable cage were enrolled in this study at five centers from June 2003 to December 2004 and followed up for 24 months. @entity158 improvement was checked with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and their disability was evaluated with the @entity717 Index. Radiographs were obtained before and after surgery. At the final follow-up, dynamic stability, quality of bone fusion, interveretebral disc height, and lumbar @entity1515 were assessed. In some cases, a lumbar computed tomography scan was also obtained. RESULTS: The mean VAS score of back @entity158 was improved from 6.44 points preoperatively to 0.44 at the final visit and the score of sciatica was reduced from 4.84 to 0.26. Also, the @entity717 Index was improved from 32.62 points preoperatively to 18.25 at the final visit. The fusion rate was 92.5%. Intervertebral disc height, recorded as 9.94+/-2.69 mm before surgery was increased to 12.23+/-3.31 mm at postoperative 1 month and was stabilized at 11.43+/-2.23 mm on final visit. The segmental angle of @entity1515 was changed significantly from 3.54+/-3.70 degrees before surgery to 6.37+/-3.97 degrees by 24 months postoperative, and @entity1515 was 20.37+/-11.30 degrees preoperatively and 24.71+/-11.70 degrees at 24 months postoperative. CONCLUSION: There have been no special complications regarding the expandable cage during the follow-up period and the results of this study demonstrates a high fusion rate and clinical success.

title: A Multi-center Clinical Study of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with the Expandable Stand-alone Cage (Tyche(R) Cage) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'total lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Disorders']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1030 have high risk for @entity170 and @entity174 . @entity173 might impair mobility, and @entity174 further reduce lung function. This review discusses the evidence of @entity604 due to medical treatment opposed to disease severity and risk factors for @entity1030 , and therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of @entity170 in these @entity1 . A review of the English-language literature was conducted using the MEDLINE database until June 2009. Currently used bronchodilators probably lack adverse effect on bone. Oral @entity288 (OCS) increase bone resorption and decrease bone formation in a dose response relationship, but the @entity174 risk is increased more than reflected by bone densitometry. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have been associated with both increased @entity604 and @entity174 risk. This might be a result of confounding by disease severity, but high doses of ICS have similar effects as equipotent doses of OCS. The life-style factors should be modified, use of regular OCS avoided and use of ICS restricted to those with evidenced effect and probably kept at moderate doses. The health care should actively reveal risk factors, include bone densitometry in @entity174 risk evaluation, and give adequate prevention and treatment for @entity170 .

title: Long-term therapy in XXXX : any evidence of adverse effect on bone?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip and vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: @entity831 routinely follow the gaze of @entity1 to outside targets. However, in most studies using object choice they fail to use communicative gestures (e.g. pointing) to find hidden food. @entity831 ' failure to do this may be due to several difficulties with this paradigm. They may, for example, misinterpret the gesture as referring to the opaque cup instead of the hidden food. Or perhaps they do not understand informative communicative intentions. In contrast, @entity235 seem to be skilful in using @entity1 communicative cues in the context of finding food, but as of yet there is not much data showing whether they also use pointing in the context of finding non-food objects. Here we directly compare @entity831 ' (N = 20) and @entity235 ' (N = 32) skills in using a communicative gesture directed at a visible object out of reach of the @entity1 but within reach of the subject. Pairs of objects were placed in view of and behind the subjects. The task was to retrieve the object the experimenter wanted. To indicate which one she desired, the experimenter pointed imperatively to it and directly rewarded the subject for handing over the correct one. While @entity235 performed well on this task, @entity831 failed to identify the referent. Implications for great apes' and @entity235 ' understanding of @entity1 communicative intentions are discussed.

title: @entity235 ( XXXX ), but not @entity831 ( @entity831 ), understand imperative pointing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees', 'Chimpanzees']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canis familiaris']


abstract: This study examined the effects of aging and chronic @entity712 on plasma @entity2819 and @entity701 levels in hamsters. It also assessed the effects of aging and @entity712 on glucocorticoid responses to acute and chronic stress. Aging in healthy hamsters increased plasma @entity701 levels, decreased @entity2819 levels, and did not change total glucocorticoid levels. A similar pattern occurred as @entity7863 ( @entity7863 ) hamsters aged, until they developed severe @entity712 . Plasma @entity701 levels fell in @entity7863 hamsters with severe @entity712 , and @entity2819 levels remained low, so total glucocorticoid levels fell. Adrenocortical function similarly declined in very old healthy hamsters near the ends of their lives. Adrenocortical responses to acute and chronic stress were diminished in old healthy hamsters, and @entity712 in @entity7863 hamsters also reduced the glucocorticoid responses to chronic stress. However, @entity712 greatly enhanced the @entity701 and total glucocorticoid responses to acute stress, but not that of @entity2819 . These data suggest a number of conclusions. First, aging clearly changes the the ratio of @entity2819 to @entity701 in hamster plasma without changing total glucocorticoid levels and blunts adrenocortical responses to acute and chronic stress. Second, ill health, in the form of severe @entity712 in @entity7863 hamsters and very old age in health hamsters, decreases adrenocortical function. At the same time, @entity712 greatly enhances @entity701 responses to acute stress. These results indicate that aging and @entity102 in hamsters have many similar effects on adrenocortical function, but that disease alone sensitizes them to the effects of acute stress.

title: Interactions among the effects of aging, XXXX , and stress on adrenocortical function in Syrian hamsters.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7863 :: ('MESH:D044542', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathic', 'CM']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of @entity260 after transthoracic esophagectomy, using the modified Clavien classification, on recurrence and on its timing in @entity1 with @entity5 . BACKGROUND DATA: It is hypothesized that complications after esophagectomy for @entity5 may have a negative effect on recurrence and its timing because of negative interference with the immune system. METHODS: Out of 150 consecutive @entity1 operated with curative intent between January 2005 and May 2006, the data of 138 @entity1 with macroscopically complete resection and no synchronous other malignancy were graded according to the modified Clavien classification. Uni- and multivariable analyses were performed to study the impact of @entity260 on @entity5 recurrence and its timing. RESULTS: Mean age was 63.1 years, male-female ratio was 4:1; 76.1% of the @entity1 underwent primary surgery, 23.9% received induction therapy, R0-resection rate was 92.8%. @entity420 was found in 75%. Complication rates according to the modified Clavien classification were grade 0: 29.7%, grade 2: 35.5%, grade 3: 17.4%, grade 4: 15.9%, and grade 5 (postoperative mortality): 1.4%. Ten @entity1 developed recurrence within 6 months, 29 within 12 months, 39 within 18 months, 42 within 24 months, totaling up to 47 at 3 years. Univariable analysis retained complications, LN-status, number of positive nodes, extracapsular lymph node involvement (EC LNI), pStage, pT, and R1-status as factors significantly influencing occurrence of recurrence. In the multivariable model, presence of complications, EC LNI, and R1-status were independent negative factors. Cox-regression analysis also identified these same 3 factors as significant determinators for the timing of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates a correlation between complications and early recurrence and its timing. Modified Clavien classification, beside R1-status and EC LNI, appears to be a useful prognostic indicator of early recurrence and its timing. Achieving esophagectomy without @entity260 is of utmost importance also for oncologic reasons given its negative potential on early oncologic outcome.

title: @entity260 after transthoracic esophagectomy for @entity5 and gastroesophageal junction are correlated with XXXX recurrence: role of systematic grading of complications using the modified Clavien classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early cancer']


abstract: Epigenetic silencing of @entity5 suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation has been shown for a variety of genes in @entity150 . Various @entity876 target genes have been investigated, but only few demonstrated promoter hypermethylation when semiquantitative detection methods were applied. To address to the question whether promoter methylation of novel @entity876 effector genes is a common event in transitional cell @entity150 , we selected the @entity876 target genes apoptotic protein-activating factor ( @entity3437 ), @entity8186 ( @entity8186 ), death-associated protein kinase, ( @entity2529 ) and @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ), performing quantitative methylation-specific real-time PCR. The individual level of methylation (normalized index of methylation) was correlated with clinicopathological features as well as the biological behavior of the superficial and muscleinvasive @entity5 . Tissue was obtained from 110 @entity5 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 without @entity5 . The median follow-up of the @entity5 @entity1 was 52 months. Hypermethylation of the promoter region in @entity5 specimens was common for @entity3437 (100%), @entity2529 (74%) and @entity2301 (66%), but not for @entity8186 (3.6%). It was seen less frequently and with undetectable or low methylation levels in the normal urothelium group. The @entity3437 methylation levels significantly correlated with @entity5 stage and @entity5 grade. The @entity3437 and @entity2301 methylation levels were able to separate @entity5 with higher recurrence risk from @entity5 in nonmuscleinvasive and muscleinvasive @entity5 . In multivariate analysis, @entity3437 and @entity2301 methylation levels were independent prognostic markers for recurrence in superficial @entity150 . This study provides new insights into the role of promoter methylation of selected @entity876 target genes. The extent of promoter methylation of specific genes offers additional prognostical information and is associated with the outcome in @entity1 with nonmuscleinvasive and muscleinvasive @entity150 .

title: Regularly methylated novel pro-apoptotic genes associated with recurrence in transitional cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'insulin-like growth-factor-binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'urological malignancy', 'low-risk tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: @entity362 is a small, tender subcutaneous nodule primarily occurring over the posterior iliac crest. @entity362 is a significant and treatable cause of @entity1643 . @entity362 occurs as a result of tears in the thoracodorsal fascia and subsequent herniation of a portion of the underlying dorsal fat pad through the tear. This clinical entity is common, and recognition is simple. The presence of a painful nodule with disappearance of @entity158 after injection with anaesthetic, is diagnostic. Medication and physical therapy may not be effective. Local injection of the nodule with a solution of anaesthetic and @entity134 is effective in treating the @entity362 . Here we describe 2 @entity1 with painful nodules over the posterior iliac crest. One @entity1 complained of severe @entity615 radiating to the left lower extremity and this @entity1 subsequently underwent disc operation. The other @entity1 had been treated for greater @entity158 . In both @entity1 , symptoms appeared to be relieved by local injection of anaesthetic and @entity134 . @entity362 should be considered during diagnostic workup and in differential diagnosis of @entity1643 .

title: [ XXXX : a treatable cause of @entity1643 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['episacral lipoma', 'Episacral lipoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'trochanteric pain syndrome']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Episacral lipoma']


abstract: Cellular immune-response during pancreatic @entity105 induced by @entity30588 in @entity329 was studied using a mouse antiserum to hamster T-lymphocytes in indirect immunofluorescence. The chronology of lesions in this model is, acinar cell atypia, @entity9296 , @entity1373 and @entity420 . Lymphocyte infiltration began before microscopic lesions. Starting as an interstitial and interlobular migration, this earliest population was composed of various kind of mononuclear cells including T-cells. As @entity660 proceeded, an abundant lymphocyte supply through newly formed capillaries (angiogenesis), gave rise to inter- and intralobular nodules composed almost exclusively of T-cells. Migrating from nodules, T-cells invaded and readily destroyed the exocrine tissue. Formation of hyperplasic ducts and of @entity420 was accompanied by considerable accretion of the basal membrane ( @entity82 ). T-cells were located outside and around this basal membrane so that they never invaded the ductal epithelium. Our results suggest there is an effective immunosurveillance in the early stages of transformation that becomes ineffective at later stages as a consequence of T-cells' inability to pass through the basal membrane barrier surrounding the ductal epithelium in @entity75 ( @entity1373 ) and in @entity420 . Extending our observations to @entity1 @entity788 could provide a new insight in cellular immunosurveillance and, as a consequence might, help cellular immunotherapeutic approaches for this almost fatal disease.

title: Immunosurveillance by T-lymphocytes in pretumoral stages of chemically induced pancreatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplasic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian Golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity30588 :: ('MESH:C012457', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitroso-bis(2-hydroxy-propyl)amine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: Developmentally pathological conditions of the anterior pituitary cells include failed separation of the primary pituitary gland into sellar and pharyngeal ones, ectopic migration into the subarachnoid space, and basophil invasion into the posterior lobe although the last is a physiological phenomenon with pathological potentiality in certain circumstances. Pituitary primordium appears at about 4 weeks of gestation. One of the causes of the pituitary gland agenesis may be a formation of the primary @entity10128 just at the time of occurrence of the pituitary primordium, as analyzed in cases of @entity23058 . A double pituitary in a single individual is a rare @entity600 . Its pathogenesis is considered as a result of @entity154 . In the 8th gestational week, the primary pituitary gland separates into sellar and pharyngeal parts. The disturbance of this histogenesis results in a rare @entity600 , a "pharyngosellar pituitary." Despite the failed separation in this case, differentiation of the pituitary cells proceeds and the hormone production of this malformed pituitary gland can be displayed immunohistochemically. In this case, the distribution of the different hormone producing cells was atypical, particularly in those of gonadotropic hormones and ACTH. Life-long existence of the pharyngeal pituitary is a normal anatomical state in @entity1 . Cell differentiation (hormone production) in the pharyngeal pituitary occurs about 4-10 weeks later than in the sellar pituitary. In pharyngeal pituitary, all kinds of adenohypophyseal hormones are produced. @entity977 (with intact sellar pituitary), exclusively found in the nasopharynx, sphenoid sinus, and clivus, may occur from the pharyngeal pituitary while another tumorigenesis can develop from the residual tissue fragment in the craniopharyngeal canal. The "overshoot" of the adenohypophyseal cell migration in the distal part of the sellar pituitary is frequently observed in the leptomeninges of the peri-infundibular or peri-hypothalamic region as ectopic pituitary cell clusters that are apparently independent of the pars tuberalis. It is suggested that these cells, frequently found in "normal" individuals, may be one of the possible origins of the intracranial ectopic @entity977 . However, the reason why a majority of the reported @entity977 are ACTH- @entity652 remains unexplained, since the ectopic cells, found in "normal" individuals, consist of fairly different hormone-producing cells. A further enigmatic phenomenon is a "basophil invasion." ACTH-positive cells invade from the pars intermedia into the posterior lobe of the pituitary. This invasion increases in intensity and frequency according to increase in age. However, the invasion of ACTH cells is observed as early as in the fetal life. The invasive cells display occasionally cell atypia as well as mitotic activity. The origin of extremely rare @entity977 inside the posterior lobe can be explained by the existence and proliferative activity of basophil invasion.

title: Immunohistochemical survey of migration of XXXX anterior pituitary cells in developmental, pathological, and clinical aspects: a review.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['notochordal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity23058 :: ('MESH:D054975', 'Disease') :: ['Pallister-Hall syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary malformation', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Extracranial pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenomas', 'intracranial ectopic pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity10128 :: ('MESH:C537158', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic ganglionic hamartoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The pyloric and gastric mill neural networks in the crustacean @entity4494 receive modulatory inputs from more anteriorly located ganglia via the stomatogastric nerve. In this study we employed @entity18663 backfilling and immunostaining, as well as electron microscopy, to determine the origin of these inputs in the crab, @entity5 . Fiber counts from electron micrographs of sections through the stomatogastric nerve showed that this nerve contains 55-60 medium to large diameter fibers (1-13 microns). These fibers were individually wrapped by several layers of membrane, presumably glial in origin. There was also a single cluster of jointly wrapped, small diameter (< 1 micron) fibers that may originate from peripheral sensory somata. @entity18663 backfills revealed that approximately two thirds of the individually wrapped fibers in this nerve originate from somata in the other three ganglia of the stomatogastric nervous system, including the paired commissural ganglia and the single oesophageal ganglion. There were approximately 20 @entity18663 -labeled somata in each commissural ganglion and 3 somata in the oesophageal ganglion. An additional ten somata were localized to the @entity4494 itself. This accounts for nearly all of the medium to large diameter fibers in the stomatogastric nerve. We used double-labeling with backfills and immunocytochemistry to determine that there are two proctolin-immunoreactive neurons and four @entity12927 -like immunoreactive neurons among the @entity18663 -labeled neurons in each commissural ganglion. Both peptides modulate neural network activity in the @entity4494 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution of modulatory inputs to the XXXX of the crab, @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer borealis']

entities_list: @entity12927 :: ('MESH:D019835', 'Chemical') :: ['FMRFamide']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['stomatogastric ganglion']

entities_list: @entity18663 :: ('CHEBI:27870', 'Chemical') :: ['biocytin', 'Biocytin']

answer: @entity4494 :: (MESH:D045888,Disease) :: ['stomatogastric ganglion']


abstract: Adult male @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with @entity4200 ( @entity4201 ) at 0.3 mg/kg. These males were mated with untreated females twice a week during 24 days after the treatment. On day 3 of gestation, embryos were flushed out from uteri and examined cytologically as well as cytogenetically. A dominant-lethal test was conducted using the male treated in the same way. Paternal treatment of TEM caused @entity851 of the embryos obtained from the matings on 20 post-injection days. These embryos frequently showed micronuclei in interphase cells and structural chromosome aberrations in methaphases. Most of these aberrations were chromosome types, such as breaks and exchanges, and premature chromosome condensations. The @entity851 as well as the frequency of chromosome aberrations was most marked in the matings on post-injection day 13. Similarly, the highest dominant-lethal effect was shown in the group mated on post-injection days 11--13. It was concluded that TEM induces chromosome damage in the post-meiotic germ cells and then this damage in turn produces chromosome aberrations in the embryos, resulting in high incidence of dominant lethality.

title: Chromosome aberrations and dominant lethality of XXXX embryos after paternal treatment with @entity4200 .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental retardation']

entities_list: @entity4200 :: ('MESH:D014265', 'Chemical') :: ['triethylenemelamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Endovenous recanalization with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting in post- @entity715 @entity1 with @entity1228 is a treatment modality quickly gaining popularity. Studies show good patency and clinical success rates. If the obstruction extends distally, below the inguinal ligament, stenting remains controversial. Without adequate inflow, the patency of stented iliocaval segments drops dramatically. This suggests that treatment of diseased common femoral, femoral and profunda femoral veins is required to ensure adequate inflow. Endophlebectomy, the removal of synechiae and septae from the common femoral vein, is a viable option in these cases. Another option, which can be done concurrently with the endophlebectomy, is the creation of an @entity2548 . Selecting @entity1 for these interventions however remains difficult, as precise preoperative prediction of inflow into the stented segments is difficult. In this paper we describe our experience in using duplex ultrasonography, magnetic resonance venography and conventional venography to assess the patency of the inflow trajectory. We believe this approach is essential in dealing with cases of complex post-thrombotic disease extending below the inguinal ligament. There is a great need to establish criteria to accurately assess pre- and postinterventional flow through treated vein segments.

title: Indications for endophlebectomy and/or XXXX after stenting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['iliocaval obstruction']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: Smoking and @entity167 use often co-occur during adolescence, but little is known about the codevelopment of these substances. In the search for etiological factors that help to explain the development of adolescent substance use patterns, studies have revealed substantial heritability for both @entity167 use and smoking. In this regard, the   -opioid receptor gene ( @entity6253 , chromosome 6q24-q25) has been linked to both substances. This study examined the predictive relationships between initial level and growth of smoking and drinking in 311 early adolescents (13-15 years old) over a 4-year period. In addition, the effects of the @entity17014 polymorphism of the @entity6253 gene on the initial values and the development over time of @entity167 use and smoking were assessed. Finally, as prevalence and heritability estimates for both @entity167 - and smoking-related behaviors differ between males and females, @entity6253 by sex interactions were tested. We found that high initial levels of early adolescent @entity167 consumption were related to a stronger increase in smoking levels over time. In contrast, high initial levels of smoking were not related to growth of @entity167 use. No main @entity6253 effects were found, but sex-specificity of the gene was found for smoking development. Male A-allele carriers showed a faster development in smoking behavior, whereas in females, the G-allele led to a faster development in smoking. Thus, in addition to high levels of @entity167 as a risk factor for the development of smoking behavior, sex-specific effects exist for @entity6253 , which may additionally have consequences for the development of adolescent smoking.

title: Dual growth of adolescent smoking and drinking: evidence for an interaction between the mu-opioid receptor ( @entity6253 ) XXXX polymorphism and sex.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity17014 :: (c|SUB|A|118|G,DNAMutation) :: ['A118G']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity1003 is well described in the @entity130 population. Major burns are characterised by a similar endothelial injury and cellular hypoperfusion. These features could be a driver for an acute @entity4808 induced @entity1003 (ABIC). METHODS: @entity1 admitted to a regional @entity4808 centre over a 71 months period with a total body surface area @entity4808 of 30% or more were identified. The metavision electronic @entity1 database was scrutinised for a predetermined list of demographics, interventions and admission investigations to identify any clinically significant ABIC. RESULTS: On admission 39.3% of the 117 @entity1 analysed met our criteria for a @entity1003 . Of the @entity1 with a @entity1003 , 71.7% had an elevated Prothrombin Time (PT), 2.2% had an elevated Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (APPT) and 26.1% had an elevation of both. @entity1 with a @entity1003 received a similar volume of fluid (p=0.08). There was a statistically significant correlation between the PT and the abbreviated @entity4808 severity index (p=0.0013, r=0.292) and serum @entity880 (p=0.0013, r=0.292). ABIC was an independent predictor of 28 day mortality, OR 3.42(1.11-10.56). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with major thermal injuries a clinically significant ABIC exists. Early diagnosis and treatment of ABIC should be considered particularly in those undergoing total @entity4808 wound excision.

title: Acute XXXX induced @entity1003 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic coagulopathy', 'coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity4808 :: (MESH:D002056,Disease) :: ['burn']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A cervical cytology based screening program is effective if there is regular screening of the 'at risk' population and close follow-up of those labeled abnormal. METHODS: This is a population cohort study of @entity1 between 20-69 year old who were eligible in Ontario from 2008-2010. We used administrative data to evaluate the rates of @entity5 screening and follow-up of high grade Pap tests. Variation in cervical cytology coverage and follow-up of high grade abnormal results are associated with age, area level income and health region. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with screening and followup. RESULTS: 3.7million @entity1 were eligible for screening of which 72% had a Pap smear in the prior 3years. These rates varied by age, income and region (p<0.0001). @entity1 residing in the lowest income neighborhoods were half as likely to be screened (p<0.0001). 83% of those with an high grade intraepithelial lesion Pap test result had follow-up with colposcopy or treatment within 6months and this varied by year, age, income and region (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite universal health coverage, @entity5 screening rates are suboptimal with older and low income @entity1 being at greatest risk. Follow-up among @entity1 with high grade abnormal tests is mediocre at 3months and acceptable at 6months. Novel models of @entity5 screening program implementation are needed to address these inadequacies.

title: Sociodemographic factors associated with XXXX screening coverage and follow-up of high grade abnormal results in a population-based cohort.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 undergoing emergency peripheral arteriovenous extracorporeal life support were evaluated for @entity455 on the basis of the ipsilateral limb perfusion strategy. METHODS: In a retrospective review of @entity1 receiving extracorporeal life support (2008-2013), 105 of 250 underwent femoral extracorporeal life support. For ipsilateral lower-extremity perfusion, @entity1 underwent no superficial femoral artery cannulation (n  =  35), percutaneous superficial femoral artery cannulation (n  =  23), or open superficial femoral artery cannulation (n  =  47). RESULTS: @entity1 ' mean age was 50      16  years, and 63% (n  =  67) were male. A  total of 92 @entity1 (88%) had primary @entity299 , and 13 @entity1 (12%) had @entity341 . The 30-day in-hospital mortality was 65% (n  =  68), with an overall lower-extremity complication rate of 13% (n  =  14). @entity455 were highest in the percutaneous superficial femoral artery (n  =  6, 26%) and no superficial femoral artery (n  =  7, 20%) groups (n  =  1 [2%] in open superficial femoral artery group). In 2 group comparisons, the open superficial femoral artery group had significantly lower @entity455 than the no superficial femoral artery (P  =  .02) and percutaneous superficial femoral artery (P  =  .004) groups. There was no difference between the no superficial femoral artery and percutaneous superficial femoral artery groups (P  =  .7). In the no superficial femoral artery group, emergency thromboembolectomy (n  =  2), fasciotomy (n  =  3), and emergency superficial femoral artery cannula placement (n  =  2) were required. In the percutaneous superficial femoral artery group, thromboembolectomy with superficial femoral artery repair (n  =  2), fasciotomy (n  =  1), below-knee amputation (n  =  1), open superficial femoral artery cannula revision (n  =  1), and loss of distal signals from @entity177 (n  =  1) were noted. In the open superficial femoral artery group, 1 @entity1 had loss of signals from @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: No superficial femoral artery perfusion strategy is associated with a high lower-extremity complication rate. If percutaneous cannulation is performed, then angiographic confirmation of superficial femoral artery run-off is highly recommended. The open superficial femoral artery approach remains a safe alternative to the other strategies.

title: XXXX with femoral extracorporeal life support.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity complications', 'Lower-extremity complications']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary emergency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac emergency']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Lower-extremity complications']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with a history of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are often at risk for complications, including subsequent @entity583 and @entity204 . Use of prognostic markers may aid in preventing these poor outcomes. @entity5052 is associated with increased risk for @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and/or mortality; however, it is unknown if serum urate (sUA) levels predict outcomes in @entity1 with @entity583 . The purpose of this study was to assess @entity5052 as a biomarker of @entity301 outcomes in such @entity1 . METHODS: These were post hoc analyses of datasets from the @entity117 @entity583 Study, a 1:1 randomized, double-blind clinical trial, conducted from 1975 to 1979, that examined mortality rates following daily @entity117 administration over three years in individuals with documented @entity583 . The primary outcome measures were all-cause @entity204 , @entity301 mortality, coronary incidence, and @entity64 by quartile of baseline sUA. A sub-analysis of all outcome measures in the presence or absence of @entity3811 was also performed. RESULTS: Of 4,524 enrolled @entity1 , data on 4,352 were analyzed here. All outcomes were greatest for @entity1 in the fourth sUA quartile. In multivariate regression models, the hazard ratios (HR) for @entity1 in the highest quartile were 1.88 for all-cause mortality (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45 to 2.46), 1.99 for @entity301 mortality (95% CI, 1.49 to 2.66), and 1.36 for coronary incidence (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.70). @entity1 with untreated @entity210 had an adjusted hazard ratio ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 (all P < 0.01) for these outcomes. @entity1 with @entity210 who were receiving treatment did not exhibit this additional risk. CONCLUSIONS: sUA and untreated @entity210 may be independent prognostic markers for poor all-cause and @entity301 mortality in @entity1 with recent acute @entity583 .

title: @entity5052 and untreated @entity210 are poor prognostic markers among those with a recent acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'previous MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Protein @entity21157 ( @entity21157 ) is a plasma inhibitor of factor (F)Xa and FXIa. In an earlier study, five mutations were identified within the @entity21157 gene of @entity49 @entity1 and healthy controls. Two of these were nonsense mutations and three were missense mutations in important regions of the protein. Here we report that two of these latter three mutations, @entity35022 and @entity35023 , impair the inhibitory function of @entity21157 in vitro. Recombinant wild-type and mutant proteins were prepared; stability in response to thermal challenge was similar. Inhibition of @entity6236 in the presence of the cofactor protein Z was reduced 68-fold by the @entity35023 mutant; inhibition of FXIa by the @entity35022 mutant was reduced two- to three-fold compared to the wild-type @entity21157 . An analysis of all five @entity21157 mutations was undertaken in a cohort of @entity49 @entity1 (n=550) compared to healthy controls (n=600). Overall, there was a modest increase in incidence of these mutations in the @entity715 group (odds ratio 2.0, 1.05-3.7, p=0.044). However, in contrast to @entity35024 (nonsense mutation), the @entity35023 missense mutation and @entity35025 nonsense mutation were evenly distributed in @entity1 and controls; @entity35022 was rare. The final mutation ( @entity35026 ) was also rare and did not significantly alter @entity21157 function in laboratory studies. The @entity35022 and particularly the @entity35023 mutation impaired the function of the coagulation inhibitor @entity21157 ; however, there was no convincing association between these mutations and @entity49 risk. The functional role for @entity21157 in vivo has yet to be clarified.

title: Two missense mutations identified in @entity49 XXXX impair the inhibitory function of the protein Z dependent protease inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity35025 :: ('p|SUB|R|88|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R88X']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity21157 :: ('51156', 'Gene') :: ['Z-dependent protease inhibitor', 'ZPI']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of microRNA-9, which is a tissue-specific microRNA in central nervous system, in the vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of @entity11 cell lines in vitro and in vivo. @entity11 cell lines U87MG, U251 and SHG44 were transfected with microRNA-9 mimic, microRNA-9 inhibitor or scramble sequences. The amount of microRNA-9 and Stathmin ( @entity13064 ) mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time PCR, and the protein expression of @entity13064 was determined by western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed. The interactions between the 3'UTR of @entity13064 and miR-9 was determined by luciferase reporter assay. The VM capacity in vitro was evaluated using VM formation assay, and the rescue experiment of @entity13064 was carried out in U251 cells. The in vivo experiment was applied with animal models implanted with U87MG cells.MicroRNA-9 mimic transfection reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in @entity11 cell lines (p < 0.05). MicroRNA-9 mimic up-regulated @entity13064 mRNA levels but reduced its protein levels (p < 0.05), and luciferase activity of @entity13064 was suppressed by microRNA-9 mimic transfection (p < 0.05). Furthermore, microRNA-9 mimic transfection suppressed @entity5 volume growth, as well as VM both in vitro and in vivo. The cell viability and microtube density were upregulated in U251 cells after @entity13064 up-regulation (p < 0.05). @entity13064 is a target of microRNA-9, and microRNA-9 could modulate cell proliferation, VM and @entity5 volume growth through controlling @entity13064 expression. MicroRNA-9 and its targets may represent a novel panel of molecules for the development of @entity11 treatment.

title: MicroRNA-9 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry of XXXX cell lines by suppressing Stathmin expression.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Glioma', 'glioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis was evaluated in seven @entity1 with @entity2743 due to @entity2743 . Loss of libido and decreased potency were present in 71% and 56%, respectively. All @entity1 had normal testicular volume (25 ml in all) and @entity247 was detected in two of seven @entity1 . Total sperm counts were less than 40 million in four of the five @entity1 tested. There was an inverse correlation between basal serum 17 @entity10769 (E2) levels and total sperm count (r = -0.87; P less than 0.05). Mean (+/- SE) total @entity251 (T) and E2 levels (1008 +/- 104 ng/100 ml and 104 +/- 16 pg/ml) were significantly higher than in normal @entity1 (P less than 0.05). Free T (13.6 +/- 2.4 ng/100 ml) was indistinguishable from normal (15.3 +/- 1.5 ng/100 ml). The mean (+/- SE) response of serum T to hCG administration was blunted (80 +/- 40%) compared to controls (193 +/- 19%; P less than 0.02). Basal plasma LH levels (15.5 +/- 1.5 mIU/ml) were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than in normal @entity1 (9.1 +/- 0.6 mIU/ml) and hyperresponded to 100 microgram LRH iv in five of seven @entity1 . Basal plasma FSH levels and the FSH response to LRH were normal. These results suggest that @entity1 with @entity1378 have 1) partial Leydig cell failure, 2) impairment of spermatogenesis, and 3) blunting of the feedback effects of E2.

title: The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']