abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65375 ( @entity3668 ) is abundant in neurons and functions in assembly and stabilization of microtubules to maintain cytoskeletal structure. @entity1 @entity3668 transcripts undergo alternative splicing to produce 3R and 4R isoforms normally present at approximately equal levels in the adult brain. Imbalance of the 3R-4R isoform ratio can affect microtubule binding and assembly and may promote @entity3072 and neurofibrillary tangle formation as seen in @entity179 such as @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Conditions involving @entity519 such as @entity2806 and @entity64 can promote similar tau pathology but whether @entity519 conditions cause changes in @entity3668 isoform formation has not been widely explored. We previously identified two paralogues (co-orthologues) of @entity3668 in @entity3392 , @entity65375 and @entity65376 . RESULTS: In this study we assess the splicing of transcripts of these genes in adult @entity3392 brain under @entity519 conditions. We find @entity519 causes increases in particular @entity65375 and @entity65376 transcript isoforms, particularly the 6R and 4R isoforms of @entity65375 and @entity65376 respectively. Expression of the @entity3392 orthologue of @entity1 @entity19605 , @entity19605 , that encodes a protein binding to @entity3668 transcripts and regulating splicing, was reduced under @entity519 conditions, similar to observations in @entity195 brain. CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings indicate that @entity519 can alter splicing of @entity3392 @entity3668 co-orthologues promoting formation of longer transcripts and possibly generating @entity3668 proteins more prone to hyperphosphorylation. This supports the use of @entity3392 to provide insight into the mechanisms regulating @entity3668 transcript splicing under conditions that promote @entity528 and degeneration.

title: @entity519 alters expression of @entity3392 XXXX ( @entity65375 , @entity65376 ) gene transcripts.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['tau hyperphosphorylation']

entities_list: @entity65375 :: ('100000342(Tax:7955)', 'Gene') :: ['Microtubule-associated protein tau', 'mapta']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia', 'FTD']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity65375 :: (100000342(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['Microtubule-associated protein Tau']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The National Institute of Oncology, Budapest conducted a single centre randomized clinical study. The OTOASOR (Optimal Treatment Of the Axilla - Surgery Or Radiotherapy) trial compares completion of axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) to regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in @entity1 with sentinel lymph node @entity3 (pN1sn) in stage I-II @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with primary @entity0 (cN0 and cT  <=   3  cm) were randomized before surgery for cALND (standard treatment) or RNI (investigational treatment). Sentinel lymph nodes (SN) were investigated with serial sectioning at 0.5  mm levels by @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. Investigational treatment arm @entity1 received 50  Gy RNI instead of cALND. Adjuvant treatment and follow up were performed according to the actual guidelines. Between August 2002 and June 2009, 1054 @entity1 were randomized for cALND and 1052 @entity1 for RNI. SN was evaluated in 2073 @entity1 and was positive in 526 @entity1 (25.4%). 474 cases were evaluable (244 in the cALND and 230 in the RNI arm), and in the cALND group 94 of 244 @entity1 (38.5%) who underwent completion axillary surgery has additional positive nodes. The two arms were well balanced according to the majority of main prognostic factors. Primary endpoint was axillary recurrence and secondary endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 97 months (Q1-Q3: 80-120). Axillary recurrence was 2.0% in cALND arm vs. 1.7% in RNI arm (p  =  1.00). @entity1349 at 8 years was 77.9% vs. 84.8% (p  =  0.060), and DFS was 72.1% in cALND arm and 77.4% after RNI (p  =  0.51). The results show that RNI is statistically not inferior to cALND treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The long term follow-up results of this prospective-randomized trial suggest that RNI without cALND does not increase the risk of axillary failure in selected @entity1 with early-stage @entity0 (cT  <=   3  cm, cN0) and @entity3121 (sn). Axillary radiotherapy should be an alternative treatment for selected @entity1 with sentinel lymph node @entity3 .

title: Eight-year follow up result of the OTOASOR trial: The Optimal Treatment Of the Axilla - Surgery Or Radiotherapy after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy in XXXX : A randomized, single centre, phase III, non-inferiority trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to detect in vitro @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) and @entity4090 (PRL) secretion from @entity652 clinically associated with @entity2124 or PRL hypersecretion. The reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was applied in order to reveal possible differences among various morphologic @entity652 , and to examine the inhibitory effects of octreotide on @entity2124 release as well. The 20 surgically resected @entity977 studied included 15 from acromegalic @entity1 and 5 from @entity1 with @entity4089 . All @entity652 were diagnosed by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Among @entity5 associated with @entity2012 , 5 were densely granulated (DG), 5 were sparsely granulated (SG) somatotroph (SM) @entity652 , 2 were mammosomatotroph (MSM) and 3 mixed somatotroph-lactotroph cell (mixed SM-LT) @entity652 ; @entity5 causing @entity4089 included 4 lactotroph (LT) @entity652 and 1 mixed SM-LT @entity652 . @entity2124 release assessed by the RHPA corresponded to in vivo hormone secretion and to tissue immunoreactivity. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among all morphologic types of SM @entity652 , exclusive of SG-SM @entity652 compared to mixed SM-LT @entity652 . The mean plaque size in DG-SM and MSM @entity652 was significantly greater than that of SG-SM and mixed SM-LT @entity652 , indicating higher @entity2124 secretion by the former two types during the same incubation time. PRL secretion was documented in 2 mixed SM-LT @entity652 . Plaques for PRL, but not for @entity2124 were formed in all LT @entity652 . In all SM and LT @entity652 , cells producing large plaques represented a minority of the plaque-forming cell population, however, they accounted for the largest part of the total plaque area, thus the largest part of hormone secretion. Octreotide effects on @entity2124 release were studied in 6 @entity652 by the RHPA. @entity2390 treatment induced a rapid and significant reduction in @entity2124 secretion by SM cells in vitro, with a selective effect on high-secreting cells.

title: Structure-function correlations of @entity2124 or/and XXXX -producing @entity977 : an in vitro study with the reverse hemolytic plaque assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma types', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) are regarded as the progenitor population of the alveolus responsible for injury repair and homeostatic maintenance. Depletion of this population is hypothesized to underlie various lung pathologies. Current models of @entity651 rely on either uncontrolled, nonspecific @entity133 or on targeted, nontitratable levels of fixed AEC2 ablation. We hypothesized that discrete levels of AEC2 ablation would trigger stereotypical and informative patterns of repair. To this end, we created a transgenic @entity19 model in which the surfactant protein-C promoter drives expression of a mutant SR39TK @entity3307 @entity1014 kinase specifically in AEC2. Because of the sensitivity of SR39TK, low doses of @entity4540 can be administered to these animals to induce dose-dependent AEC2 depletion ranging from mild (50%) to lethal (82%) levels. We demonstrate that specific levels of AEC2 depletion cause altered expression patterns of apoptosis and repair proteins in surviving AEC2 as well as distinct changes in distal lung morphology, pulmonary function, collagen deposition, and expression of remodeling proteins in whole lung that persist for up to 60 days. We believe SPCTK @entity19 demonstrate the utility of cell-specific expression of the SR39TK transgene for exerting fine control of target cell depletion. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that specific levels of type 2 alveolar epithelial cell depletion produce characteristic injury repair outcomes. Most importantly, use of these @entity19 will contribute to a better understanding of the role of AEC2 in the initiation of, and response to, @entity651 .

title: Targeted Type 2 Alveolar Cell Depletion. A Dynamic Functional Model for XXXX Repair.

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['destruction of alveolar epithelia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus-1']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['Lung Injury']


abstract: Idiopathic @entity32117 ( @entity32117 ) syndrome is an uncommon condition, characterized by acute @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) with a favorable course and @entity1596 with a chronic relapsing course. The pathogenesis remains unclear, but a lymphocyte-mediated immune mechanism has been suggested. A 9-year-old @entity1 was evaluated for fatigue and 2 kg of weight loss. @entity8 , elevated urine @entity2262 (MG), progressive @entity8 , @entity4754 , various autoantibodies and abnormal lymphocyte phenotypes were found. A renal biopsy revealed acute @entity1986 . After 2 months of treatment with @entity617 , renal function and @entity4754 were normalized. While tapering @entity617 , anterior @entity1596 developed, which was improved with topical steroid. But abnormal lymphocyte phenotypes and autoantibodies persisted on low-dose @entity617 . @entity1596 became aggravated, and urine beta(2)-MG increased again. The second renal biopsy (7 months later) was normal except for minimal focal interstitial @entity82 . @entity1596 was not responsive to systemic @entity230 , but improved with additional @entity205 . Abnormal lymphocyte phenotypes improved, and most autoantibodies disappeared. We report a rare case of @entity32117 with severe @entity1200 , which correlated with the clinicopathological and biochemical parameters. The information about lymphocyte phenotypes and autoantibodies may provide more insight into the pathophysiology and the clinical course of @entity1596 in this @entity395 .

title: A case of @entity32117 syndrome with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal glucosuria', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2)-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['TIN', 'tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity32117 :: ('MESH:C536922', 'Disease') :: ['TINU', 'idiopathic TINU syndrome', 'tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['immunologic dysregulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Estimation of resting energy expenditure (REE) is essential in planning nutrition support. Several equations are used for this estimation in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to compare the predictive accuracy of existing equations for REE in @entity1 with @entity385 during acute care. METHODS: We assessed the Harris-Benedict, Mifflin, Owen, Japanese simplified, Wang, and Cunningham equations. The Owen and Japanese simplified equations use sex and weight as explanatory variables, the Harris-Benedict and Mifflin equations include sex, weight, age, and height, and the Wang and Cunningham equations use @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) measured using bioelectrical impedance technology. Actual REE values were measured by indirect calorimetry on days 2 and 7 and were then averaged. Applying analysis of variance, predictive accuracy was assessed by comparing the predicted and actual values. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 were analyzed. Actual REE values ranged from 796 to 1637  kcal (mean, 1109). The standard deviation of these values was the smallest with the Harris-Benedict equation (99), followed by the Cunningham (165), and Wang (181) equations. The Mifflin equation underestimated REE in females, whereas the Owen and Japanese simplified equations tended to overestimate it. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, the Harris-Benedict equation provides the most accurate prediction of REE. In addition, the Cunningham and Wang equations may be useful in long-term care settings involving @entity1 at risk of @entity3147 resulting in uneven loss of @entity1386 relative to weight.

title: Comparisons of Predictive Equations for Resting Energy Expenditure in XXXX with @entity385 during Acute Care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'fat-free mass']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarct']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Eosinophilic @entity2883 with @entity2883 (EGPA) is a @entity66 , belonging to the small vessel anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated @entity1333 , defined as an eosinophil-rich and @entity39 granulomatous @entity32 often involving the respiratory tract, and @entity1333 predominantly affecting small to medium-sized vessels, associated with @entity565 and @entity1712 . EGPA pathogenesis is not well known: @entity1533 *04 and *07, @entity4107 and @entity688 .2 haplotype of the @entity688 promoter gene are the most studied genetic determinants. Among the acquired pathogenetic factors, the exposure to different allergens, infections, vaccinations, drugs, and @entity3440 exposure have been involved. Eosinophils are the most characteristic cells in EGPA and different studies have demonstrated their role as effector and immunoregulatory cells. EGPA is considered as a disease with a prevalent activation of the Th-2 cellular-mediated inflammatory response and also humoral immunity plays an important role. A link between B and T inflammatory responses may explain different disease features. EGPA typically develops into three sequential phases: the allergic phase, distinguished by the occurrence of @entity565 , @entity2023 , and @entity1244 , the eosinophilic phase, in which the main pathological finding is the eosinophilic organ infiltrations (e.g., lungs, heart, and gastrointestinal system), and the vasculitic phase, characterized by @entity4125 , @entity1897 , and constitutional symptoms. ANCA (especially pANCA anti-myeloperoxidase) are present in 40-60% of the @entity1 . An elevation of IgG4 is frequently found. @entity288 and @entity786 are classically used for remission induction, while @entity500 and @entity1499 are the therapeutic options for remission maintenance. B-cell depletion with rituximab has shown promising results for remission induction.

title: Eosinophilic XXXX with @entity2883 : an overview.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['granulomatosis']


abstract: A brief @entity3365 aerosol exposure produced prolonged @entity1224 with granulocyte accumulation in conscious @entity840 . @entity3416 , @entity3897 , @entity8765 , @entity3045 , @entity67814 (a leukotriene B4 antagonist) and @entity6849 (a platelet activating factor antagonist) were administered intravenously (i.v.) to evaluate their ability to prevent these changes. Inhaled @entity3045 was also assessed. @entity3416 , @entity3897 , and @entity3045 (i.v. and aerosol) inhibited @entity3365 -induced gas trapping (p less than 0.01). However, @entity8765 , @entity67814 and @entity6849 did not influence this airway obstructive effect. Only @entity3897 , inhaled @entity3045 and @entity67814 inhibited the cell influx (p less than 0.01), while @entity8765 potentiated the @entity32 (p less than 0.05). We conclude that @entity3365 produces a sustained @entity5143 and an intense granulocyte accumulation. The treatment agents tested differ considerably in their ability to alter @entity3365 -induced @entity1224 .

title: @entity3365 -induced pulmonary gas trapping and @entity32 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrilamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction', 'airway obstruction and inflammation']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish if active pseudomonal proteases are present in vivo during @entity281 with @entity796 and to determine if the @entity19 strains used in these and previous studies have the ability to mount a nonocular antibody response to the purified proteases because antibodies to the bacterial proteases were not detected previously during in vivo @entity5517 . METHODS: At certain times after @entity281 with @entity796 , corneas were harvested and supernatants from the corneal homogenates were analyzed for proteolytic activity by zymography and immunoreactivity by immunoblotting. The efficiency of the extraction procedures used in these studies was determined by incubating uninfected corneal homogenates with the purified proteases. The resultant supernatants were analyzed for alkaline protease and elastase activity. Additionally, @entity19 were immunized intraperitoneally with the purified proteases with and without adjuvant to determine if the animals could mount a nonocular antibody response. RESULTS: Corneas infected with @entity796 demonstrated the presence of alkaline protease, but not elastase, by the two methods examined. The kinetics of the in vivo alkaline protease response closely parallels previously reported bacterial clearance studies in that peak alkaline protease activity was detected in corneal tissue when peak bacterial numbers also were observed in the eye, and it was absent when the eyes were sterile or nearly sterile. In addition, C57BL/6J @entity19 were capable of mounting a nonocular antibody response to microgram quantities of both proteases only in the presence of adjuvant. CONCLUSIONS: In the model described, enzymatically active alkaline protease, but not elastase, was demonstrated in corneal tissues during in vivo infection. Concentrations of these proteases were much lower than those required to stimulate an antibody response.

title: In vivo bacterial protease production during XXXX @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of 0.1  mg/ml versus 0.2  mg/ml @entity1138 (MMC), applied for 1  min subconjunctivally, during trabeculectomy for primary @entity726 in previously un-operated eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a randomised controlled, non-inferior, clinical trial consisting of 50 consecutive POAG or CPACG @entity1 uncontrolled on maximal @entity551 therapy, meeting all inclusion criteria. @entity1 were randomized into two groups and underwent a standard limbus-based trabeculectomy with MMC: Group I, 0.1  mg/ml and Group II, 0.2  mg/ml. The pre-operative and post-operative intraocular pressure (IOP), @entity4530 morphology, and visual acuity were recorded every 6  months for 2  years. Complete success (primary outcome) was defined as IOP    <=   15  mmHg without any additional medications at the end of 2  years. RESULTS: The average age of @entity1 was 62.6        9.8  years and 61.2        8.1  years in Group 1 and 2, respectively; p   =   0.57. The mean preoperative IOP was 22.5        1.4  mmHg and 23.3        1.8  mmHg; p   =   0.10. The mean IOP at 2  years was 11.1        1.6  mmHg and 10.8        2.8  mmHg, a mean reduction in IOP of 50.6        1.23  %, and 53.7        2.25  % in Group I and II, respectively. The complete success was 92.0  % and 91.7  % in the two groups, respectively (p   =   0.99), and there was one failure (Group II, post @entity130 ). A wider @entity4530 extent and larger areas of thin, transparent conjunctiva over the @entity4530 were seen with the 0.2  mg/ml MMC group (p   <   0.001) and in PACG eyes; p   <   0.04. CONCLUSION: A 1-min subconjunctival application of low dose 0.1  mg/ml MMC is non-inferior to 0.2  mg/ml and is probably a safer alternative, as thinning of the @entity4530 is significantly less frequent in the long term.

title: Evaluating the long-term efficacy of short-duration 0.1  mg/ml and 0.2  mg/ml MMC in primary trabeculectomy for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['adult glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['adult glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The adolescent brain is sensitive to experience-dependent plasticity and might be more vulnerable than the adult brain to the effects of some drugs of abuse. The factors that contribute to these differences are not fully identified. We have examined the ability of cannabinoids to induce a form of synaptic plasticity, long-term @entity308 , in the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum of adolescent and adult @entity19 . METHODS: We measured field excitatory postsynaptic potentials/population spikes in brain slices. RESULTS: We found that the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone mesylate) induced long-term @entity308 in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent but not adult @entity19 and failed to induce long-term @entity308 in the dorsolateral striatum of adolescent or adult @entity19 . Similar results were obtained with the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (S)-3,5- dihydroxyphenylglycine, which has previously been shown to promote the release of endocannabinoids. These age-related differences were associated with reduced protein levels of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 in adult nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum and with an increased tone of endocannabinoids in the dorsolateral striatum of adult @entity19 . We also found that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent long-term @entity308 , which was induced in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent @entity19 , was blunted in adult @entity19 , possibly because of decreased levels of @entity13429 , the obligatory subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies region- and age-specific differences in the ability of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids, and of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, to induce long-term @entity308 in the striatal complex. These observations might contribute to a better understanding of the increased sensitivity of the adolescent brain to drug induced-plasticity.

title: Induction of Cannabinoid- and N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor-Mediated Long-Term XXXX in the Nucleus Accumbens and Dorsolateral Striatum Is Region and Age Dependent.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: @entity2413 were established under a feast-famine regimen within constant-depth film fermentors and exposed four times daily postfeeding to a @entity14789 (TR)-containing rinse (dentifrice) (TRD). This was diluted so that the antimicrobial content was 0.6 mg/ml. Microcosms were characterized by heterotrophic plate counts and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with primers specific for the V2-V3 region of the eubacterial 16S rRNA gene (rDNA). Dominant isolates and PCR amplicons were identified by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. TRD caused considerable decreases in the counts of both gram-negative organisms and total anaerobic cells, transiently lowered the numbers of streptococci and actinomycetes, and markedly increased the proportion of lactobacilli. DGGE indicated the presence of putatively unculturable bacteria and showed that a @entity2523 sp. and Selenomonas infelix had been inhibited by TRD. Pure culture studies of 10 oral bacteria (eight genera) showed that Neisseria subflava, Prevotella nigrescens, and @entity2523 were highly susceptible to TR, while the lactobacilli and streptococci were the least susceptible. Clonal expansion of the lactobacilli in the pulsed microcosm could be explained on the basis of TR activity. The mean MICs of TR, @entity1216 , @entity2929 , @entity11121 , and @entity2176 for the population before and after 5 days of exposure to TRD showed few significant changes. In conclusion, changes in plaque microcosm populations following repeated exposure to TRD showed inhibition of the most susceptible flora and clonal expansion of less susceptible species.

title: Effects of XXXX -containing rinse on the dynamics and antimicrobial susceptibility of in vitro plaque ecosystems.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['Dental plaque microcosms']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity11121 :: ('MESH:D010404', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin V']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas']

answer: @entity14789 :: (MESH:D014260,Chemical) :: ['triclosan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (A. Berger) is commonly used as a folk remedy for @entity5 therapy. However, the mechanisms of its anti- @entity5 activity are poorly investigated in @entity1 @entity5 cells. In this study, we investigated whether @entity3088 extracted from Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (FEOJ) might have anticancer effects in @entity1 @entity1778 cells, focusing on cell death mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: U937 @entity1 @entity5 cells were used. RESULTS: FEOJ induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in @entity1 U937 @entity5 cells. Flow cytometry revealed significant accumulation of cells with sub-G1 DNA content at the concentrations of 200  g/mL and 400  g/mL. FEOJ-induced apoptosis was caspase-dependent through loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP,      m) in @entity1 U937 @entity5 cells, which might be associated with suppression of @entity588 and @entity9846 proteins. FEOJ induced the @entity1435 MAPK signaling pathway, playing at least in part an important role in FEOJ-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that FEOJ may induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in @entity1 @entity1778 cells by regulating MMP (     m) through suppressing @entity588 and @entity9846 . In addition, the results indicated that upstream @entity1435 MAPK signaling regulates the apoptotic effect of FEOJ. This study provides evidence that FEOJ might have anti- @entity5 potential for @entity1 @entity1778 cells.

title: @entity3088 from Orostachys Japonicus A. Berger Induces Caspase-dependent Apoptosis at Least Partly through Activation of XXXX MAPK Pathway in U937 @entity1 Leukemic Cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'leukemic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemic']

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that @entity66 significantly affect the prognosis of sudden @entity1274 (ISSNHL). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. METHODS: The records of @entity1 newly diagnosed with ISSNHL and treated with @entity479 prednisolone in a tertiary referral center between January 2003 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Pretreatment and posttreatment hearing levels were evaluated using pure-tone average (PTA) and word recognition score (WRS). The comorbidities of @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity453 , @entity1007 , @entity66 , @entity740 , and @entity417 were identified. We examined the effects of these @entity66 on the prognosis of ISSNHL 2 months posttreatment. RESULTS: Regression analyses adjusted for gender, age, pretreatment hearing, treatment delay time, and all the comorbidities showed that the probability of major improvement in the PTA was significantly higher in @entity1 without @entity6 compared to those with @entity6 (univariate odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25-2.90; multivariate OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.03-2.77). Major (>=  90%) and moderate (50%-89% improvement of the PTA, but with a remaining @entity393 of > 10 dB) improvement in the PTA was significantly higher in @entity1 without @entity1007 compared to those with @entity1007 (univariate OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.13-2.80; multivariate OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.02-2.84). There was, however, no significant difference in the distribution of major (>=  90%), moderate (50%-89%), and minor (< 50%) improvement in the posttreatment WRS for these @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: Comorbid @entity6 or @entity1007 may indicate a smaller probability of major or moderate PTA improvement for @entity1 with ISSNHL.

title: Effect of comorbid @entity6 and @entity1007 on the prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease', 'comorbid diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Promising results from a Phase II trial of induction chemotherapy and sequential radiotherapy for advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ) at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center (Houston, TX) and two retrospective reviews of the authors' historical experience with @entity189 demonstrated that distant failure was directly correlated with advanced lymph node status. Furthermore, local control was excellent for @entity1 with T1-3 disease that was managed with radiation alone or with a sequential approach involving chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (primarily with @entity900 + @entity1487 ) was associated with a significantly decreased risk of distant @entity3 and with improved survival. Based on these findings, the authors evaluated a novel induction regimen involving @entity1205 and @entity3003 for @entity1 with previously untreated T1-2N2-3M0 @entity189 . METHODS: @entity1205 (80 mg/m2 on Day 1) and @entity3003 (to an area under the time-concentration curve of 6 on Day 1) were administered every 21 days for 3 cycles, after which radiotherapy was administered. @entity189 was restaged with magnetic resonance imaging and nasopharyngoscopy 3 weeks after the completion of chemotherapy and 6 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS: Over 5 years, 18 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Grade 4 @entity1398 and Grade 2 fatigue were observed in 51% and 28% of chemotherapy courses, respectively. After chemotherapy, 2 @entity1 had complete responses, 14 had partial responses, 1 had a minor response, and 1 had progressive disease. The latter two @entity1 and one @entity1 who had a partial response underwent off-study chemoradiotherapy. After radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, 12 @entity1 had complete responses and 6 had partial responses. Seven @entity1 had recurrent disease; two had local recurrences, and five had distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Although unlikely to be superior to @entity900 + @entity1487 , the trial regimen could be administered quickly in the outpatient setting, was logistically more convenient for the @entity1 , and was devoid of serious nonhematologic toxic effects. We believe that the risk-based approach examined in the current study merits further investigation.

title: A Phase II study of @entity1205 and XXXX as neoadjuvant therapy for @entity189 with early T status and advanced N status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Home based medical care is a popular alternative to standard hospital care but there is uncertainty about its cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness and the costs of multidisciplinary home based care in @entity15 with hospital care in a prospective randomised controlled trial with a one year follow up. METHODS: 201 @entity1 with clinically definite @entity15 were studied. They were randomised in a ratio 2:1 to an intervention group (133) or a control group (68). They were assessed at baseline and one year after randomisation with validated measures of physical and @entity73 and quality of life (SF-36 health survey). The costs to the National Health Service over the one year follow up were calculated by a cost minimisation analysis. RESULTS: There were no differences in functional status between the home based care group and the hospital group. There was a significant difference between the two groups favouring home based management in four SF-36 health dimensions-general health, bodily @entity158 , role-emotional, and social functioning (all p < or = 0.001). The cost of home based care was slightly less (822 @entity7634 / @entity1 /year) than hospital care, mainly as a result of a reduction in hospital admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive planning of home based intervention implemented by an interdisciplinary team and designed specifically for @entity1 with @entity15 may provide a cost-effective approach to management and improve the quality of life.

title: Home based management in XXXX : results of a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: In @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ), liver transplantation (LT) is an excellent therapy if @entity5 characteristics are within the Milan criteria. We aimed to define genomic features enabling to identify @entity157 @entity1 beyond Milan criteria who have acceptable transplant outcomes. METHODS: Among 770 consecutive @entity157 @entity1 transplanted between 1990 and 2013, 132 had @entity5 exceeding Milan criteria on pathology and were enrolled in the study; 44% of the @entity1 satisfied the 'up-to-7 rule' [7=sum of the size of the largest @entity5 and the number of @entity5 ]. Explant @entity5 were assessed for genomic signatures and immunohistochemical markers associated with poor outcome. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 88months, 64 @entity1 had died and 45 recurred; the 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and recurrence rates were 57% and 35%, respectively. @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) gene signature was independently associated with recurrence [Hazard ratio (HR)=2.95, p<0.001], along with @entity5 size (HR=3.37, p=0.023) and presence of satellites (HR=2.98, p=0.001). S2 subclass signature was independently associated with poor @entity1349 (HR=3.18, p=0.001), along with @entity5 size (HR=5.06, p<0.001) and up-to-7 rule (HR=2.50, p=0.002). Using the presence of progenitor cell markers (either @entity4166 or S2 signatures) @entity1 were classified into poor prognosis (n=58; 5-year recurrence 53%, survival 45%) and good prognosis (n=74; 5-year recurrence 19%, survival 67%) (HR=3.16, p<0.001 for recurrence, and HR=1.72, p=0.04 for @entity1349 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity157 @entity1 transplanted beyond Milan criteria without gene signatures of progenitor markers ( @entity4166 and S2) achieved survival rates similar as those within Milan criteria. Once prospectively validated, these markers may support a limited expansion of LT indications.

title: Progenitor cell markers predict outcome of @entity1 with XXXX beyond Milan criteria undergoing liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The stroma-rich variant of @entity12692 of @entity455 (CDHV) is a newly identified entity that shows overgrowth of a variety of stromal cells. Six CDHV @entity1 showed proliferation of vasculature and actin-positive myoid cells in the expanded interfollicular (IF) area. There were three @entity1 and three @entity1 , and the median age was 29.5 years. Of the six lesions, four were located in the retroperitoneum, one in the neck, and one in the mediastinum. All @entity1 were asymptomatic. Microscopically, the degree of widening of the IF area varied from slight overgrowth of the IF area (approximately 55% of the lymph node area) to vague nodularity and finally to the formation of prominent nodules. In the nodular lesions, lymph follicles were compressed and attenuated. In the IF area, there were numerous vessels and proliferation of spindle cells that possessed blunt nuclei. The long, slender, dendritic cytoplasms of the spindle cells were stained by alpha smooth muscle actin. The spindle cells were negative for @entity2283 , @entity2280 , @entity4483 , @entity10911 , and @entity469 . No @entity1 has had recurrence after simple excision. We maintain that these @entity75 in CDHV are of a hyperplastic nature. This condition encompasses proliferation of small vessels and myoid cells. Its characteristics include an asymptomatic, solitary nodule that predominantly develops in the retroperitoneum.

title: XXXX : an unusual stroma-rich variant of @entity12692 of @entity455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline-vascular type']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyoid proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4483 :: ('6285', 'Gene') :: ['factor VIII-related antigen, S-100']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Angiomyoid proliferative lesion']


abstract: Background. Torsion of greater omentum is a quite uncommon cause of acute abdomen. It can be primary or secondary but in both cases omentum twists upon itself and causes @entity39 . Symptoms are unspecific and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The widespread and increasing use of computer tomography (CT) in differential diagnosis of acute abdomen can be useful for making a specific diagnosis. Objectives. This work aims to describe @entity39617 in order to help avoid misdiagnosis, especially with @entity697 , which is eventually based solely on a physical examination. Case Report. We present a case of @entity39617 in a young @entity1 and discuss contemporary methods in diagnosis and management of the condition. Conclusions. When a right diagnosis has been posed, possible treatments for @entity3314 and @entity39 are two: conservative or surgical. Conservative treatment had been rarely carried out because of frequent and important sequelae just like abdominal abscesses. Nowadays, surgical treatment, laparoscopic or laparotomic, is preferred because it is a safe method in diagnosis and management of this condition.

title: Acute Abdomen due to XXXX and Infarction.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'omental segmentary or diffuse necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3314 :: ('MESH:D015436', 'Disease') :: ['omental torsion']

entities_list: @entity39617 :: ('MESH:C538005', 'Disease') :: ['primary omental torsion']

answer: @entity39617 :: (MESH:C538005,Disease) :: ['Primary Omental Torsion']


abstract: @entity633 and @entity101 are predictors of poor renal and cardiovascular outcome in @entity6 @entity1 . This study tested whether dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with both an @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor ( @entity1289 -I) and an Angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) is superior to either drug alone in type I @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ). A randomized double-blind crossover trial was performed with 8-wk treatment with placebo, 20 mg of @entity2815 once daily, 80 mg of @entity917 once daily, and the combination of 20 mg of @entity2815 and 80 mg of @entity917 . Twenty type I @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2316 were included. At the end of each treatment period, @entity633 , 24-h BP, and GFR were measured. Eighteen @entity1 completed the study. Placebo values were: @entity633 [mean (95% CI)], 701 (490 to 1002) mg/24 h; BP [mean (SEM)], 144 (4)/79 (2) mmHg, and GFR [mean (SEM)], 82 (7) ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Treatment with @entity2815 , @entity917 , or dual blockade significantly reduced @entity633 and BP compared with placebo. @entity2815 and @entity917 were equally effective. Dual blockade induced an additional reduction in @entity633 of 43 % (29 to 54 %) compared with any type of monotherapy, and a reduction in systolic BP of 6 (0 to 13) mmHg and 7 (1 to 14) mmHg (versus @entity2815 and @entity917 , respectively) and a reduction of 7 (4 to 10) mmHg diastolic compared with both monotherapies. GFR was reversibly reduced on dual blockade compared with monotherapy and placebo. All treatments were safe and well tolerated. In conclusion, dual blockade of the RAS may offer additional renal and cardiovascular protection in type I @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2316 .

title: Additive effect of @entity1289 inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockade in type I @entity6 XXXX with @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity2815 :: ('MESH:C044946', 'Chemical') :: ['benazepril', 'Benazepril']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Environmental pollutants such as @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) have been implicated in @entity5 development and progression. However, the effects of @entity2556 on @entity105 are still poorly understood. Here, we characterized a @entity19 @entity5 cell line BNL 1ME A. 7R.1 (1MEA) derived by transformation of non-tumorigenic liver cell line BNL CL.2 (BNL) using @entity5954 ( @entity5954 ), a @entity814 . RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis were used to determine the expression level of mRNA and proteins, respectively. To determine functionality, cell motility was assessed in vitro using a transwell migration assay. Both mRNA and protein levels of @entity3112 were significantly decreased in 1MEA cells in comparison with BNL cells. While the expression levels of mesenchymal markers and related transcription factors were enhanced in 1MEA cells, which could lead to increase in cell motility. Indeed, we found that 7-day exposure of BNL cells to 3-MC reduced the level of the adhesion molecule and epithelial marker @entity3112 and increased reciprocally the level of the mesenchymal marker vimentin in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be activated during premalignant transformation induced by 3-MC. A mechanism study to elucidate the relation between 3-MC exposure and EMT is underway in our laboratory.

title: Transformation of XXXX Liver Cells by @entity5954 Leads to Phenotypic Changes Associated with Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenic PAH']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene', '3MC']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) represents a major and highly prevalent complication in @entity1 with @entity6 . The diagnostic, non-invasive work-up by computed tomography angiography (CTA) is limited in the presence of extensive @entity730 . The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of dual energy CTA (DE-CTA) for the detection and characterization of @entity3657 in @entity1 with @entity6 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study 30 @entity6 @entity1 with suspected or known @entity3657 were retrospectively included in the analysis. All subjects underwent DE-CTA (Somatom Definition Flash, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) prior to invasive angiography, which served as the reference standard. Blinded analysis included assessment of the presence and degree of @entity1897 on curved multiplanar reformatting (MPR) and @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). Conventional measures of diagnostic accuracy were derived. RESULTS: Among the 30 subjects included in the analysis (83   % male, mean age 70.0        10.5 years, 83   % @entity2175 ), the prevalence of critical @entity850 in 331 evaluated vessel segments was high (30   %). Dual energy CT identified critical stenoses with a high sensitivity and good specificity using curved MPR (100   % and 93.1   %, respectively) and @entity1213 images (99   % and 91.8   %, respectively). In stratified analysis, the diagnostic accuracy was higher for @entity850 pertaining to the pelvic and thigh vessels as compared with the lower extremities (curved MPR accuracy 97.1   % vs. 99.2 vs. 90.9   %; respectively, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of DE-CTA allows reliable detection and characterization of peripheral @entity2791 in @entity1 with @entity6 with higher accuracy in vessels in the pelvic and thigh regions compared with the vessels in the lower legs.

title: [Diagnostic accuracy of dual energy CT angiography in XXXX with @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['maximum intensity projections', 'MIP']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) level is a risk factor for @entity741 , @entity66 , and @entity1095 . However, few data are available concerning the relationship between @entity3452 level and severity of @entity1514 aortic @entity731 . We hypothesized in this transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) study that @entity3452 level is a marker of severity of @entity1514 aortic @entity731 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Risk factors, coronary angiographic features, and TEE findings were analyzed prospectively in 119 @entity1 with @entity340 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The following risk factors were recorded: age, gender, @entity101 , smoking, lipid parameters, @entity6 , body mass index, and family history of @entity453 . Serum levels of @entity3452 were measured for each @entity1 . By univariate analysis, age, @entity6 , @entity101 , smoking, @entity3452 , total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels were significant predictors of @entity1514 aortic @entity731 . There was a positive and significant correlation between the @entity3452 levels and the score of severity of @entity1514 aortic @entity731 (p = 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that @entity3452 was an independent predictor of severity of @entity1514 aortic @entity731 (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This prospective study indicates that serum @entity3452 level is an independent marker of severity of @entity1514 aortic @entity731 detected by multiplane TEE. These findings emphasize the role of @entity3452 as a marker of @entity731 in the major arterial locations.

title: Elevated serum lipoprotein(a) level is an independent marker of severity of @entity1514 aortic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Forty-eight Holstein @entity291 (32 multiparous and 16 primiparous) in mid to late lactation averaging 219    71 days in @entity6155 and 30.5    6.6 kg/d of 3.5% fat-corrected @entity6155 were used in a 56-d completely randomized design experiment to evaluate condensed @entity4336 distillers solubles (CCDS) inclusion in high-fiber total mixed rations (TMR). Inclusion rates evaluated were 0, 6.6, 13.2, and 19.8% CCDS as a percentage of @entity62 ( @entity62 ). Distiller solubles substituted for @entity1460 meal, @entity4336 grain, and whole cottonseed such that diets were similar in protein (16.6%) and fat (4.50%). Water was added to 0, 6.6, and 13.2% CCDS treatments so that final TMR @entity62 concentrations (47.8%) were similar across diets. The forage portion of the diet was kept constant at 19.6% annual ryegrass hay and 26.0% @entity1101 baleage. Diet in vitro true digestibility tended to increase as CCDS addition increased, but neutral detergent fiber digestibility trended lower in CCDS diets. Percent P (0.39, 0.55, 0.69, and 0.73%) and S (0.32, 0.35, 0.39, and 0.42%) in TMR increased as CCDS concentration increased. @entity6155 yield (23.5, 24.7, 25.5, and 24.8 kg/d of 3.5% fat-corrected @entity6155 ) was similar for control and CCDS diets. @entity6155 fat (3.88, 3.73, 3.78, and 3.68%), protein (3.28, 3.27, 3.31, and 3.31%), and @entity1132 (4.61, 4.66, 4.69, and 4.77) percentages were similar across diets. @entity6155 urea nitrogen (16.60, 15.58, 15.43, and 14.75 mg/dL) declined with increasing CCDS addition. Animal activity, body weight, body condition scores, and locomotion scores were not influenced by CCDS. Day 28 poststudy locomotion scores were similar across diets. Ruminal acetate concentrations did not differ among diets, but @entity4919 and @entity4876 concentrations were elevated in rumen fluid of @entity291 receiving 19.6% CCDS. Although rumen fluid pH values were similar (6.5, 6.4, 6.3, and 6.2), the two highest CCDS diets exhibited depressed @entity598 : @entity4919 ratios relative to controls. The results from this study indicate that CCDS may be included in high-fiber TMR for lactating dairy @entity291 at up to nearly 20% of diet @entity62 ; however, caution is recommended because high CCDS P concentrations may create Ca:P imbalances and excess P may be introduced into the environment.

title: Effect of condensed XXXX distillers solubles concentration on lactation performance of Holstein @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2042 causes an @entity281 involving @entity1 , livestock, and snails and is a significant cause of morbidity in China. METHODS: We evaluated a comprehensive control strategy in two intervention villages and two control villages along Poyang Lake in the southeastern province of Jiangxi, where annual synchronous chemotherapy is routinely used. New interventions, implemented from 2005 through 2007, included removing @entity291 from snail-infested grasslands, providing farmers with mechanized farm equipment, improving sanitation by supplying tap water and building lavatories and latrines, providing boats with fecal-matter containers, and implementing an intensive health-education program. During the intervention period, we observed changes in @entity2043 @entity281 in @entity1 , measured the rate of @entity281 in snails, and tested the infectivity of lake water in @entity19 . RESULTS: After three transmission seasons, the rate of @entity281 in @entity1 decreased to less than 1.0% in the intervention villages, from 11.3% to 0.7% in one village and from 4.0% to 0.9% in the other (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The rate of @entity281 in @entity1 in control villages fluctuated but remained at baseline levels. In intervention villages, the percentage of sampling sites with infected snails decreased from 2.2% to 0.1% in one grassland area and from 0.3% to no @entity281 in the other (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The rate of @entity281 in @entity19 after exposure to lake water decreased from 79% to no @entity281 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive control strategy based on interventions to reduce the rate of transmission of @entity2043 @entity281 from @entity291 and @entity1 to snails was highly effective. These interventions have been adopted as the national strategy to control @entity2040 in China.

title: A strategy to control transmission of XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to explore the prognostic impact of different abnormal blood tests and the @entity5 marker CA 15-3 as well as established parameters such as disease extent and receptor status in @entity1 with bone @entity3 from @entity0 who received palliative radiotherapy in addition to contemporary systemic treatment. METHODS: This was a retrospective uni- and multivariate analysis of 118 female @entity1 treated in the time period from 2007 to 2014 (median follow-up 28 months). RESULTS: The median age was 61 years and the median time interval from the initial diagnosis of @entity0 was 57 months (median time interval from metastatic disease to radiotherapy was 7 months). Only 16% of @entity1 had normal serum CA 15-3. @entity1722 receptor status correlated with CA 15-3. The median survival was 17.6 months (lowest CA 15-3 quartile), 14.7 months (intermediate), and 6.9 months (highest quartile) (P = 0.002). However, multivariate analysis showed that survival was influenced by extent of extra-skeletal @entity3 , pleural @entity3 /effusion, lung @entity3 , @entity172 receptor status, serum @entity1851 , and @entity417 with need for blood transfusion (all P < 0.05) rather than CA 15-3. CONCLUSIONS: Survival was highly variable. The @entity5 marker CA 15-3 did not provide independent prognostic information. Nevertheless, the results of simple blood tests contributed to the multivariate prognostic model.

title: Prognostic Impact of the Tumor Marker CA 15-3 in XXXX With @entity0 and Bone Metastases Treated With Palliative Radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In recent years, a growing body of evidence supports that vitamin D plays a crucial role in various @entity65 . Cardiac muscle cells have vitamin D receptors as well as calcitriol-dependent Ca(2+) binding protein. Therefore, the vitamin D may have an effect on cardiac function. In this research, we investigated the association between vitamin D status and @entity384 ( @entity384 ). We compared serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25OHD3) concentrations in 39 @entity1 (mean age 50.4    11.7 years, 15 @entity1 ) with @entity384 and in 35 healthy controls (mean age 54.6    13.2 years, 17 @entity1 ). @entity461 ( @entity461 ), calcium (Ca++), phosphorus, lipid profile, albumin and echocardiographic parameters (left-ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV fractional shortening, @entity998 ) were measured in all study @entity1 . The mean serum 25OHD3 concentrations in @entity1 with the @entity384 were significantly lower in compared to healthy controls (24.1    10.4 ng/mL versus 41.4    20.9 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). @entity461 concentrations were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity384 in comparison with healthy controls (90.6    29.8 pg/mL versus 49.1    18 pg/mL, P < 0.0001). Additionally, we observed a significant negative correlation between 25OHD3 concentrations and @entity461 concentrations, LV end-diastolic dimensions, LV end-systolic dimensions (r = -0.66; P < 0.0001, r = -0.49; P < 0.0001, r = -0.50; P < 0.0001, respectively). Moreover, 25OHD3 was positively correlated with LV ejection fraction, LV fractional shortening, @entity64 volume, cardiac output, cardiac index (r = 0.46; P < 0.001, r = 0.44; P < 0.001, r = 0.25; P = 0.03, r = 0.37; P < 0.001, r = 0.25; P = 0.03; respectively). Our findings support that vitamin D has a potential role both in the development of @entity384 and LV remodeling.

title: Low vitamin D status associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['LV-end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCMP', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'Parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An @entity7995 treatment trial was conducted at 30 clinical centers in Japan using the same protocol. @entity1 participation was based on: age range of 14-55 years; acute symptoms indicative of unilateral @entity7995 of unknown or demyelinating origin; visual symptoms of 14-day duration or less; relative afferent @entity2300 in affected eye; and normal or swollen optic disc of affected eye. CASES: Initially, 102 @entity1 qualified for participation; baseline data were obtained for analysis from 70 of these @entity1 . Demographic characteristics of Japanese @entity1 with @entity7995 were clarified and compared with those in a US study. OBSERVATIONS: The incidence of ocular or periocular @entity158 and the presence of periventricular plaques were noted to be lower, and the incidence of disc swelling higher, in the Japanese @entity1 , suggesting racial differences in the characteristics of the disease. Such differences may possibly be related to the lower incidence of @entity15 in Japanese @entity1 . The results of visual function tests were virtually the same in both studies. The nonaffected eyes of more than half the @entity1 showed abnormal mean deviation in Humphrey field analysis, as also noted in the US study. CONCLUSIONS: The baseline clinical features of @entity7995 in the Japanese @entity1 have been defined. Some racial differences in the characteristics of the disease may exist.

title: Baseline features of idiopathic XXXX as determined by a multicenter treatment trial in Japan. @entity7995 Treatment Trial Multicenter Cooperative Research Group (ONMRG).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) associates with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) mortality thought to be due to accelerated @entity455 . Different components of @entity455 , namely, atheromatosis, @entity4288 , and arterial wall @entity1184 , are differentially affected by classical @entity65 risk factors, which are highly prevalent in these @entity1 . We hypothesized that @entity309 per se may also differentially affect these components. Of 267 consecutive @entity309 @entity1 , we selected specifically those who were free of established @entity65 and @entity65 risk factors (18  %); of them, 41 @entity1 (36 @entity1 , 49        13  years) could be matched effectively 1:1 for age and gender to healthy controls. Atheromatosis was assessed by the presence of carotid and/or femoral @entity543 , @entity4288 by pulse wave velocity and local wall elasticity, and arterial @entity1184 by intima-media thickness and cross-sectional area. More @entity1 had atheromatic plaques than controls (29 vs. 12  %, p   =   0.039), and multiarterial atheromatosis was more prevalent in @entity309 (22 vs. 2  %, p   =   0.026). Accelerated atheromatosis was not associated with rheumatoid factor, or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) autoantibody status. Plaque burden in @entity1 with less than 5  years disease duration (aged 41        13  years) was comparable to their matched controls. In contrast, all indices of arterial @entity2693 and @entity1184 were similar between controls and @entity309 @entity1 , even in those with long-standing disease. @entity309 per se is sufficient to cause atheromatosis in the absence of classical @entity65 risk factors, but has minimal, if any, effect on @entity4288 and arterial wall @entity1184 .

title: XXXX is sufficient to cause atheromatosis but not arterial @entity2693 or @entity1184 in the absence of classical cardiovascular risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'increased cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['artery plaques']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RA disease', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of percutaneous @entity4218 (BEJL) for @entity4218 and @entity3472 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Percutaneous drainage via the BEJL was performed in eight @entity1 (seven @entity1 and one @entity1 ; mean age, 63 y; range, 42-71 y) presenting with @entity4218 (n = 6) or @entity3472 (n = 2) following pancreatoduodenectomy or bile duct resection with reconstruction at our institute from March 2005 to June 2013. Reconstruction was performed by using a modified @entity1 method or the Roux-en-Y method, and the BEJL was surgically fixed to the abdominal wall. @entity4218 was caused by @entity5 recurrence or @entity260 . Technical success, clinical success, and complications were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Technical success of drainage via BEJL was achieved in all @entity1 . Drainage catheters (5-10 F) were inserted into the afferent limbs of six @entity1 , into the pancreatic duct of one @entity1 , and into the @entity3472 of one @entity1 . Metallic stents were subsequently placed to address malignant afferent limb obstruction in two @entity1 . Clinical success was achieved in seven @entity1 (87.5%), and no @entity1 developed major complications. Drainage catheters were removed from four @entity1 . The mean catheter indwelling period in all @entity1 was 143 days (range, 21-292 d). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous drainage via BEJL after pancreatoduodenectomy or bile duct resection may be a feasible treatment for @entity4218 and @entity3472 .

title: Percutaneous Drainage for Afferent Limb Syndrome and XXXX via the Blind End of the Jejunal Limb after Pancreatoduodenectomy or Bile Duct Resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['drainage via the blind end of the jejunal limb', 'afferent limb syndrome', 'Afferent limb syndrome']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

answer: @entity3472 :: (MESH:D010185,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Fistula']


abstract: The insulinotropic hormone, @entity5445 ( @entity6757 ), is being examined as a potential new agent for treatment in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Whereas the insulinotropic properties of this peptide are well established, another property of the hormone, an insulinomimetic effect per se, is controversial. In the normal @entity413 -tolerant lean state, it is difficult to demonstrate an insulinomimetic effect. The current study was conducted to examine whether @entity6757 has insulinomimetic effect in the @entity28 state. @entity28 (body mass index, 34.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)), whose ages were 32.5 +/- 3.0 yr, participated in two euglycemic clamp studies (n = 20 clamps) for 120 min. Five of the volunteers were females. The initial clamp was performed with a primed (0-10)-constant (10-60) infusion of @entity6757 at a final rate of 1.5 pmol x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ). At 60 min, the @entity6757 infusion was terminated, and euglycemic was maintained from 60-120 min. After the @entity6757 study, each individual's plasma @entity2690 level was measured. A second study was performed that was identical to the first, with the infusion of regular @entity2690 in place of @entity6757 . @entity2690 infusion rates were regulated in each individual to simulate plasma @entity2690 levels produced during the @entity6757 infusion. The rate of disappearance of @entity413 was calculated for each subject. Fasting plasma @entity2690 levels were similar between studies. In response to the @entity6757 infusion, with maintenance of plasma @entity413 level clamped at fasting level, significant increases in plasma @entity2690 occurred in all subjects (P < 0.001). The @entity2690 levels during the @entity2690 infusion study were similar to that induced by @entity6757 . The rate of disappearance of @entity413 ( @entity2690 -mediated @entity413 uptake) progressively increased in response to both the @entity6757 and @entity2690 infusion. However, the rate of disappearance of @entity413 during the @entity6757 study was significantly higher (P = 0.033) than during the @entity2690 study. We conclude that in @entity2690 -resistant states, @entity6757 has insulinomimetic properties per se.

title: @entity5445 augments @entity2690 -mediated @entity413 uptake in the XXXX state.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Ten obese volunteers', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In @entity1118 , galanin (GAL) is able to either facilitate or inhibit nociception in the spinal cord but the contribution of supraspinal galanin to @entity158 signalling is mostly unknown. The dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) is rich in galanin receptors (GALR) and is involved in behavioural @entity1931 . In this study, we evaluated the contribution of supraspinal GAL to behavioural @entity1931 in experimental monoarthritis. METHODS: In @entity35 -Han males with a four week @entity4563 /carrageenan-induced monoarthritis (ARTH), paw-withdrawal latency (PWL) was assessed before and after DMH administration of exogenous GAL, a non-specific GALR antagonist (M40), a specific @entity49975 agonist (M617) and a specific @entity49974 antagonist (M871). Additionally, the analysis of @entity5019 expression after GAL injection in the DMH was used to investigate the potential involvement of @entity158 control centres. Finally, electrophysiological recordings were performed to evaluate whether pronociceptive On- or antinociceptive Off-like cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) relay the effect of GAL. RESULTS: Exogenous GAL in the DMH decreased PWL in ARTH and SHAM animals, an effect that was mimicked by a @entity49975 agonist (M617). In SHAM animals, an unselective GALR antagonist (M40) increased PWL, while a @entity49974 antagonist (M871) decreased PWL. M40 or M871 failed to influence PWL in ARTH animals. Exogenous GAL increased @entity5019 expression in the RVM and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), with effects being more prominent in SHAM than ARTH animals. Exogenous GAL failed to influence activity of RVM On- or Off-like cells of SHAM and ARTH animals. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, exogenous GAL in the @entity18399 had a pronociceptive effect that is mediated by @entity49975 in healthy and arthritic animals and is associated with alterations of @entity5019 expression in RVM and DRN that are serotonergic brainstem nuclei known to be involved in the regulation of @entity158 .

title: A role of supraspinal galanin in behavioural XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain disorders']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: The present study was performed to report 15 @entity12590 cases in Korea and to review the Korean cases reported in the literature. Total 32 Anisakis type I larvae were detected in the stomach of 15 @entity1 by the endoscopy. Single worm was detected from 12 cases, and even 9 larvae were found from 2 cases. @entity158 was most commonly manifested in almost all cases, and hemoptysis and @entity6552 were seen in 1 case each. Symptom manifestations began at 10-12 hr after eating fish in 73.3% cases. Endoscopy was performed 1-2 days after the symptom onset in most cases. The common conger, @entity17371 , was the probable infection source in 7 cases. In the review of @entity12590 cases, thus far, total 645 cases have been reported in 64 articles. Anisakis type I larva was the most frequently detected (81.3%). The favorable infection site of larvae was the stomach (82.4%). The common conger was the most probable source of @entity1 @entity281 (38.6%). Among the total 404 cases which revealed the age and sex of @entity1 , 185 (45.8%) were males, and the remaining 219 (54.2%) were female @entity1 . The age prevalence was the highest in forties (34.7%). The seasonal prevalence was highest in winter (38.8%). By the present study, 15 cases of @entity356 are added as Korean cases, and some epidemiological characteristics of @entity12590 were clarified.

title: XXXX : Report of 15 Gastric Cases Caused by Anisakis Type I Larvae and a Brief Review of Korean @entity12590 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity12590 :: ('MESH:D017129', 'Disease') :: ['anisakiasis', 'Korean anisakiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity17371 :: ('7943', 'Species') :: ['Conger myriaster']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric anisakiasis']

answer: @entity12590 :: (MESH:D017129,Disease) :: ['Anisakiasis']


abstract: Parasites are increasingly recognized for their profound influences on individual, population and ecosystem health. We provide the first report of @entity344 in gray wolves from the central and north coasts of British Columbia, Canada. Across 60 000 km(2), wolf feces were collected from 34 packs in 2005-2008. At a smaller spatial scale (3300 km(2)), 8 packs were sampled in spring and autumn. Parasite eggs, larvae, and cysts were identified using standard flotation techniques and morphology. A subset of samples was analysed by PCR and sequencing to identify tapeworm eggs (n=9) and @entity45 (n=14). We detected >= 14 parasite taxa in 1558 fecal samples. Sarcocystis sporocysts occurred most frequently in feces (43  7%), followed by taeniid eggs (23  9%), Diphyllobothrium eggs (9  1%), @entity45 (6  8%), @entity5603 eggs (2  1%), and Cryptosporidium oocysts (1  7%). Other @entity4801 occurred in  <=1% of feces. Genetic analyses revealed @entity36036 strains G8 and G10, @entity14776 krabbei, Diphyllobothrium nehonkaiense, and @entity461 assemblages A and B. Parasite prevalence differed between seasons and island/mainland sites. Patterns in parasite prevalence reflect seasonal and spatial resource use by wolves and wolf-salmon associations. These data provide a unique, extensive and solid baseline for monitoring parasite community structure in relation to environmental change.

title: Seasonal and biogeographical patterns of XXXX in large carnivores: wolves in a coastal archipelago.

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity36036 :: ('519352', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus canadensis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Giardia cysts']

entities_list: @entity14776 :: ('MESH:D013622', 'Disease') :: ['Taenia ovis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia duodenalis']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal parasites']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early outcomes after repair of @entity1700 continue to improve; however, little information is available concerning long-term functional status and quality of life. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 underwent @entity1700 repair at The @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1983 and 2001. Medical records were reviewed and a standardized questionnaire was administered to guardians of survivors. RESULTS: Median age at repair was 15.5 days (range, 1 to 563 days). Overall hospital mortality was 14%, decreasing from 19% before 1995 to 5% after 1995. At 15 years after repair, actuarial survival was 84% and freedom from late death or reintervention for hospital survivors was 85%. At a median follow-up of 5.9 years (range, 0 to 17.7 years) 64% of guardians described their @entity1 's overall health as excellent, 27% good, 9% fair, and 0% poor. With regard to school performance, 40% of @entity1 were characterized as above average, 29% average, 4% below average, and 27% were in special education classes or had repeated grades. By multivariable logistic regression, the presence of associated chromosomal or noncardiac syndromes and @entity3885 were found to be significant factors with regard to parental assessment of both overall health and school performance. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 who undergo @entity1700 repair can expect an excellent long-term functional outcome. Factors present before operation, such as @entity3885 and associated anomalies, can influence overall health and school performance in the long term.

title: Preoperative @entity3885 affects long-term outcome for survivors of XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection', 'isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous obstruction']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Video-assisted thoracic sympathetic block is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for treatment of primary @entity1119 . The purpose of this study was to decide which one of using electrocautery hook and @entity702 clip is the appropriate procedure for primary palmar @entity1119 by assessing the @entity3190 ( @entity3190 ) and quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 after sympathetic block. METHODS: Between October 2007 to August 2010, 120 @entity1 with primary palmar @entity1119 were randomly divided into two groups, electrocautery hook group (60 @entity1 ) and @entity702 clip group (60 @entity1 ). All @entity1 were treated by sympathetic block at T4 level. The @entity3190 was graded based on severity and location; the QOL was classified to 5 different levels based upon the summed total scores (range from 20 to 100) before and after surgery. The variables were compared. RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up period was 2 months. All @entity1 were cured. Three @entity1 in electrocautery hook group and 1 @entity1 in @entity702 clip group had a unilateral pneumothorax on chest X-ray, but none of them was necessary to have chest drainage. Neither perioperative mortality nor serious complications such as @entity943 or arrest were observed during the operation. No @entity1168 or @entity4820 occured. @entity3190 was not more common in @entity1 in @entity702 clip group than in those in electrocautery hook group (P = 0.001). Moderate and severe @entity3190 was few in all @entity1 , and there was no significant difference between two groups (P = 0.193). Most of the @entity1 feel a notable improvement of the the QOL; nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.588). CONCLUSIONS: Both electrocautery hook and @entity702 clip used for sympathetic block at the T4 level are effective, safe, and minimally invasive for palmar @entity1119 . Because of the lower severity of @entity3190 and the similar improvements in the QOL after operation, we prefer to use of @entity702 clip for treating palmar @entity1119 .

title: XXXX and quality of life following thoracic sympathetic block for palmar @entity1119 : electrocautery hook versus @entity702 clip.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'compensatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['Comparison of compensatory sweating']


abstract: The authors report the influence of periosteum on healing of @entity2419 based on more than 10 years of experience of @entity2419 mucosa. Between June of 1991 and May of 2001, the authors harvested 80 hard palate mucosae as graft material for skin and @entity5932 . All grafts were harvested from the center of the hard palate. @entity1 ranged in age from 10 to 82 years old. Of 80 mucosae, 54 were harvested with periosteum, and periosteum was not retained in the defect bed. The other 26 mucosae were harvested without periosteum, which was therefore retained in the defect bed. The healing time increased depending on the defect size in both groups of @entity1 retaining and not retaining periosteum. There was a significant relationship between the defect size and healing time in both groups (Spearman's rank correlation test, p < 0.0001 in both groups). In the two groups, there was no significant relationship between @entity1 age and healing time in the @entity1 with defect smaller than 1.99 cm or larger than 2.00 cm2. There were no significant differences in the rate of @entity1 with @entity158 and bleeding between the groups retaining and not retaining periosteum. In the group not retaining the periosteum, all 54 @entity1 showed a flat or @entity3202 smooth surface at more than 6 months after epithelization and had no discomfort. However, 17 @entity1 showed flat or @entity3202 smooth surface in the group retaining the periosteum and the remaining 9 @entity1 showed @entity1184 at more than 6 months after epithelization, with accompanying discomfort. The rate of the @entity1 with @entity1184 in the group of @entity1 retaining periosteum was significantly high as compared with that in the group of @entity1 not retaining periosteum (p = 0.000013, Fisher's exact test). In 26 @entity1 retaining periosteum, the age of the @entity1 with @entity1184 surface was significantly younger than that of the @entity1 with flat or @entity3202 surface (p = 0.0010, Welch's -test), and the defect size in the @entity1 with @entity1184 surface was significantly smaller than that of the @entity1 with flat or @entity3202 surface (p = 0.0028, Welch's t-test). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the existence of periosteum in the palate donor bed does not contribute to reduced healing time or reduced @entity158 . Rather, retaining the periosteum caused @entity1184 of the donor site, leading to discomfort, especially in young @entity1 with a comparatively small defect.

title: Influence of periosteum on donor healing after XXXX mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa defects']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['harvesting hard palate', 'palatal defect']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['harvesting hard palate']


abstract: AIMS: Prognostication and treatment selection for @entity299 requires accurate amyloid typing. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of histomorphology for predicting type. METHODS AND RESULTS: Autopsy cases with @entity299 (1998-2010) were typed by the use of mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Deposition patterns were correlated with @entity14755 . Among 108 decedents (mean age 75 years; 69% @entity1 ), 107 had a single type, including transthyretin ( @entity20117 ) (60 cases), @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) (32   ; 12 k), @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) (two), and apolipoprotein AIV (AApoAIV) (one). Interstitial deposition was more extensive in @entity2783 cases than in @entity20117 cases [ @entity25775 , P = 0.0004]. Histomorphological patterns of interstitial deposition were mixed in 61% of @entity2783 cases and in 61% of @entity20117 cases, but diffuse pericellular deposits favoured @entity2783 (OR 10.7, P = 0.0001), nodular deposits favoured @entity20117 (OR 3.1, P = 0.0229), and discrete pericellular deposits tended to partially favour @entity20117 (OR 1.7, P = 0.1970). Arterial and venous deposits each favoured @entity2783 (OR ranging from 9.3 to 192.0, P-value ranging from 0.0022 to <0.0001), and were severe in @entity2783 . @entity11459 favoured @entity2783 (OR 46.3, P < 0.0001) and were also more severe in @entity2783 . CONCLUSIONS: The extent and distribution of @entity299 strongly correlate with @entity14755 , suggesting fundamental differences in the pathobiology of deposition. The tendency for mixed patterns to occur limits the practicality and accuracy of using histopathology for amyloid typing.

title: Correlation of histomorphological pattern of XXXX with @entity14755 : a histological and proteomic analysis of 108 cases.

entities_list: @entity11459 :: ('MESH:D004695', 'Disease') :: ['Endocardial deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid type']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'amyloid light chain']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac amyloid deposition']


abstract: Background/Aims: We aimed to clarify the association of HBsAg/ @entity34043 with the disease status and treatment response in @entity1 with @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ). Methods: We investigated 171 biopsy-proven @entity17705 -treated @entity6194 @entity1 (109 @entity13211 -positive, 62 @entity13211 -negative). @entity34043 expression was positive when >= 10% of hepatocytes stained, and classified into nuclear, mixed, and cytoplasmic patterns. HBsAg expressions were intracytoplasmic (diffuse, globular, and submembranous) and membranous. The @entity15803 ( @entity15803 ) and @entity82 stage followed Ishak system. Results: In @entity13211 -positive @entity1 , older age, increased @entity15803 score, advanced @entity82 , and reduced viral load were observed when @entity34043 expression shifted from nucleus to cytoplasm in @entity34043 -positive @entity1 , and HBsAg expression from non-submembranous to submembranous in @entity34043 -negative @entity1 (all, p<0.05). In @entity13211 -negative @entity1 , only intracytoplasmic HBsAg expression patterns had clinical relevance with @entity646 . In @entity13211 -positive @entity1 without favorable predictors of virologic response, negative @entity34043 and membranous HBsAg expression predicted greater virologic response (both, p<0.05). The probability of @entity13211 seroclearance was higher in @entity1 with increased @entity15803 or lacking @entity34043 expression (both, p<0.05). Higher serum HBsAg levels and hepatocyte @entity34043 positivity were associated with reduced serum HBsAg during first and post-first year treatment, respectively (both, p<0.05). Conclusions: Hepatocyte @entity34043 /HBsAg expression is a good marker for disease status and predicting treatment response.

title: Expression of Hepatocyte Hepatitis B Core Antigen and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen as a Marker in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity646 :: ('MESH:D014766', 'Disease') :: ['decreased ALT levels and viremia']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['HAI', 'histologic activity index']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B', 'CHB']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced @entity1165 raise clinical concern as a marker of increased risk in the presence of underlying @entity65 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of exercise-induced @entity1165 without evident @entity299 . METHODS: Exercise electrocardiographic testing was performed in 5011 consecutive athletes without @entity299 and analyzed for the occurrence of @entity943 . RESULTS: Of the 5011 athletes, 367 (7.3%) showed >= 1 premature ventricular beat (PVB), including 331 with  <=10 PVBs and 36 (0.7%) with >10 PVBs and/or >= 1 ventricular couplets, and/or >= 1 bursts of nonsustained @entity1165 . The 331 athletes with  <=10 PVBs had no restriction from competitive sports, and repeated exercise testing over 3-12 months showed spontaneous reduction of @entity943 (from 5.2    4 to 4    6 PVBs; P = .002), including 83 of 331 (23%) with disappearance of PVBs. The remaining 36 athletes were disqualified from sports because of frequent and/or complex @entity943 ; 23 showed reduction of @entity943 at 3-12 months (from 46    42 to 28    11 PVBs, from 8    10 to 3    3 couplets, and from 3.6    6 to 1    1 nonsustained @entity1165 ; P = .05) and were readmitted to competition. The other 13 athletes with persistent @entity943 were considered for radiofrequency ablation, of whom 6 were successfully treated with abolition of @entity943 and permitted to return to competitive sports. No events or @entity65 occurred in the 367 athletes over a follow-up period of 7.4    5 years. CONCLUSION: Exercise-induced @entity1165 were present in a sizable minority of highly trained athletes without @entity299 . These @entity943 proved to be benign and not associated with adverse events or later development of @entity65 .

title: Clinical significance of exercise-induced XXXX without @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias in competitive athletes', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgery for lumbar @entity528 is widely performed. While posterior decompression and fusion are popular, @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) is also used for treatment. Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is commonly used for noninvasive @entity1347 ; however, several complications, such as spinal nerve and psoas @entity121 , have been reported. In the current study, we examined the clinical efficacy and complications of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) for lumbar @entity528 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with degenerated spondylolisthesis, @entity158 , and @entity3792 were examined. All @entity1 underwent OLIF surgery (using a cage and bone graft from the iliac crest) with or without posterior decompression, without real-time electromyography monitoring. Posterior screws were used in all @entity1 . Visual analog scale (VAS) score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were evaluated before and 6 months after surgery. @entity532 were also evaluated. RESULTS: Pain scores significantly improved after surgery, compared to those before surgery (p<0.05). There was no @entity1 who underwent revision surgery. There was no spinal nerve, major vessel, peritoneal, or @entity130 . Few @entity1 showed symptoms from psoas invasion. CONCLUSION: OLIF surgery produced good surgical results without any major complication.

title: Mini-Open Anterior Retroperitoneal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion for Lumbar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior lumbar interbody fusion', 'ALIF']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['discogenic pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spinal degeneration disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urinary injury']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['Spinal Degeneration Disease']