abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve through the anterior or posterior approach in @entity1 with late traumatic @entity2685 . METHODS: This study includes @entity1 with late @entity2685 that underwent a spinal accessory-to-suprascapular nerve transfer. They were divided into two equal groups, A and B, in which the spinal accessory nerve was transferred to the suprascapular nerve, respectively, through the anterior or posterior approach. Narakas's scale for assessment of the abduction of the arm and rotation of the shoulder was used. RESULTS: We studied 20 male @entity1 with an age ranging from 18 to 42  years. In groups A and B, the mean age was 28        5.5 and 26        7.7  years, respectively. The time interval between injury and surgery was 9.5        1.6 and 10.9        2.5  months for groups A and B (p   =   0.12), respectively. In the 20 @entity1 in groups A and B, we obtained a strength of shoulder abduction at 30  , respectively, M3 (in 4 and 5), M2 (in 4 and 2), M1 (in 2 and 2) and M0 (in zero and 1) (p   =   0.5). Regarding external rotation, group A showed M2 in only one @entity1 and M0 in nine, while in group B, M3, in four; M2, in three; and M0, in three. In group B, the best results were observed in relation to the recovery of external rotation (p   =   0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Better results in terms of external arm rotation were obtained when spinal accessory-to-suprascapular nerve transfer was performed using the posterior approach.

title: Comparison between the anterior and posterior approach for transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve in late traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 144 Background: Many of the well-studied prognostic factors for @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) brain @entity3 (BM) are based on data from an era when stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was not commonly used. In this study, we examined @entity1 characteristics and outcomes for @entity1 with CNS @entity3 who recently underwent cranial radiation at MSKCC. METHODS: 173 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 with CNS @entity3 receiving SRS or WBRT from January 2009 to December 2011 were identified. Clinico-pathologic and treatment information was obtained by retrospective review. @entity1 characteristics and associations were evaluated. Time from BM to death was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. RESULTS: Of 173 @entity1 (2 missing @entity1722 status), the subgroups were: HR+ @entity1722 -: 77 (45%), HR+ @entity1722 +: 28 (16%), HR- @entity1722 +: 17(10%), and HR- @entity1722 -(TNBC): 49 (29%). 121 had whole brain radiotherapy (4 with prior SRS), and 50 had SRS only. The use of SRS differed by subtype (overall @entity16043 's exact p=0.02): 59% (HR- @entity1722 +), 33% (TNBC), 29% (HR+ @entity1722 +), 21% (HR+ @entity1722 -). There were a total of 110 deaths. The median follow-up for survivors was 19mo (range: 6-67mo). The median time from BM to death for all @entity1 was 17.5mo (95% confidence interval: 14-20mo): 41mo (HR- @entity1722 +), 63mo (HR+ @entity1722 +), 14.5mo (HR+ @entity1722 -), 14mo (TNBC; log-rank test p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1722 + and TNBC subtypes are associated with a higher risk of BM, we noted a higher prevalence of HR+ @entity1722 - disease in @entity0 @entity1 with CNS @entity3 , a group currently understudied. The prognostic information for time from BM to death differs according to subtype and may be important for future planning of clinical trials. Further evaluation of factors related to these outcomes is ongoing.

title: Radiation therapy for @entity0 ( XXXX ) with central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 : A contemporary experience at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['BC']


abstract: The NKH1 Ag is expressed on all cells in @entity1 peripheral blood capable of mediating spontaneous non-MHC restricted cytolytic function (i.e., natural killing). The majority of NK cells do not express CD3 Ag and do not express TCR gene products. However, approximately 20 to 25% of NKH1+ cells coexpress CD3 and TCR proteins. Both NKH1+CD3+ and NKH1+CD3- effectors can proliferate in response to @entity1199 which also results in enhancement of cytolytic function. In the present studies, we examined thymocytes after incubation with @entity5041 for the presence of NKH1+ cells and for the development of non-MHC restricted cytolytic function. NKH1+ cells and NK activity could not be detected in fresh thymus. After culture with @entity5041 only, NK activity appeared in 3 days, reached a maximum after 7 days, and was effective against a panel of NK-sensitive targets. NK activity was correlated with the expression of NKH1 on the surface of in vitro proliferating thymocytes and immunofluorescent cell sorting demonstrated that almost all cytolytic activity was mediated by NKH1+ cells. As expected given the thymic origin of these cells, the majority of NKH1+ cells in culture expressed CD3. However, all cultures contained NKH1+CD3- effector cells which represent 15 to 40% of the NKH1+ population. As in peripheral blood, both NKH1+CD3- and NKH1+CD3+ exhibited non-MHC-restricted @entity137 , but only CD3+ effectors could be inhibited by anti-T3 mAb. These findings demonstrate that @entity5041 alone can induce subpopulations of thymocytes to proliferate, to express the NKH1 marker and become NK active in vitro. Furthermore, they suggest that the thymus which plays a role in the differentiation of NKH1+CD3+ NK effectors may also play a role in the differentiation or maturation of NKH1+CD3- NK effectors.

title: Induction of natural killer effectors from XXXX thymus with recombinant @entity1199 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare hearing results as a function of @entity394 in the treatment of M  ni  re's Disease, using @entity801 perfusion. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of @entity1 with M  ni  re's Disease treated by @entity801 perfusion of the inner ear via the MicroWick device. SETTING: A tertiary otologic referral center. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: The charts of @entity1 treated with @entity801 perfusion via the MicroWick between the years 1998 and 2000 were reviewed. The results for @entity1 with functional hearing in the affected ear were analyzed and were compared with the results in @entity1 without functional hearing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Audiologic and vestibular test results as well as subjective symptoms. RESULTS: There were 45 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria. The averages for speech discrimination score and pure tone average before treatment were 92% and 38 dB, and after treatment were 82% and 47 dB. @entity1 were divided into two groups: Group 1 (20 @entity1 ), less than 75% ice air caloric reduced vestibular response (RVR); Group 2 (25 @entity1 ), those who reached greater than 75% ice air caloric RVR. There were 8 @entity1 (17.6%) with persistent vertigo; 7 were from Group 1, and 1 was from Group 2, which was statistically significant (p = 0.007)wwww. The pure tone average dropped an average of 3 dB for Group 1 and 15 dB for Group 2. The difference in @entity393 between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there is a correlation between the degree of @entity394 , the control of vertigo, and the risk of @entity393 . @entity1 with functional hearing seem to have a similar success rate for vertigo control, compared with @entity1 who already had lost functional hearing before treatment. Future investigation may determine if less than 100% RVR, but greater than 75% RVR, is an alternative end point with adequate vertigo control and reduced risk of @entity393 .

title: @entity801 perfusion vestibular response and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular ablation']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: The biofragmentable @entity254 ring (BAR) has been used successfully for anastomoses from the stomach to the upper rectum. The healing of intrathoracic esophageal anastomoses performed with the BAR or an end-to-end @entity254 (EEA) stapler on an experimental model was compared. Parameters of tissue repair were evaluated: macroscopic examination, bursting strength (BS), collagen ( @entity720 , or @entity4306 ), histology (H_E and Picrosirius red staining for collagen). A series of 48 mongrel @entity235 were randomly separated into two groups (30 BAR, 18 stapler) and subgroups according to the time of autopsy (days 4, 7, 14, 28). Mortality was 13.3% (4 BAR cases) with two @entity204 not related to surgery (excluded). There were four leaks in the BAR group (14.3%) and no leaks or @entity204 but two strictures in the stapler group. BS was significantly higher in the BAR group during the first week, and values were almost equal from the second week with both methods. The @entity4306 rate was significantly reduced on days 4 and 7 in both groups compared to the reference values; the values were close to reference values from the second week (lower in the BAR group). Stapled anastomoses caused less pronounced @entity32 and were associated with an earlier start of regeneration, but the difference was not significant compared to that in the BAR group. Accumulation of new collagen (green polarization) started on day 7 in both groups, but maturation (orange-red polarization) was significantly more advanced in the BAR group after the second week. A strong linear correlation between the BS and @entity4306 rate was found with both methods. There was no significant difference in the complication rate or healing of intrathoracic BAR and stapled anastomoses. The BAR method is simple, quick, and safe; and it seems to be a feasible procedure for creating intrathoracic esophageal anastomoses in @entity235 .

title: Healing of esophageal anastomoses performed with the biofragmentable @entity254 ring versus the end-to-end XXXX stapler: comparative experimental study in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: @entity4611 is in itself rare and usually occurs in the postpartum period or the last trimester of pregnancy. It has not been described in combination with a @entity977 . A twenty-two year old @entity1 , who had never been pregnant, presented with a history of nine months @entity2588 and spontaneous @entity6726 . She was not taking any medication and had never used oral contraceptives. Physical examination was unremarkable except that whitish fluid could be expressed from both breasts. Her visual fields were normal. Her serum @entity4090 levels was high at 105.7 micrograms/l and increased to 138.4 micrograms/l at 60 minutes in a triple bolus test. GH values were normal and there was no evidence of overproduction of other pituitary hormones. CT scan showed an intrasellar mass with suprasellar extension. A @entity5 was selectively removed transsphenoidally. Morphologic examination revealed a clinically silent sparsely granulated growth hormone cell adenoma with lymphocytic infiltration of the adjacent pituitary tissue. Postoperatively her menstrual periods resumed and she conceived despite a slightly elevated @entity4090 level. Three months after an uneventful pregnancy and full term delivery her @entity4090 level was 69.9 micrograms/l and increased to 102.2 micrograms/l at 60 min. Basal GH and @entity701 levels were normal. She remains well without replacement fourteen months after delivery. This case is of interest because it is the first reported simultaneous occurrence of a @entity977 and @entity4611 and also because the @entity4611 preceded her first pregnancy.

title: A case of sparsely granulated growth hormone cell adenoma associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic hypophysitis', 'Lymphocytic hypophysitis', 'hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['lymphocytic hypophysitis']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity8709 ( @entity8709 ) a rare @entity4085 and is frequently associated with plasma cell bone marrow infiltration. Most EMPs involve @entity706 tissue, especially in the nasopharyngeal area, respiratory tract, and head and neck region. Primary involvement of the kidney is exceedingly rare. @entity1 CONCERNS: A 14-year-old @entity1 was admitted in our hospital with intermittent right upper @entity158 for 1 month and recent (1 day) progressive deterioration. There was a mass found by ultrasonography in the right kidney and subsequent abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 3cm mass within the right kidney. DIAGNOSES: Pathology revealed typical histology of @entity6872 and immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of @entity13221 , @entity1195 , @entity2277 , and Kappa light chain. INTERVENTIONS: The @entity1 successfully underwent radical nephrectomy with an uneventful recovery. She received no chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery. OUTCOMES: There was no recurrence or @entity3 during a 22-month follow-up. LESSONS: Our case study demonstrated that @entity8 with a relatively indolent clinical course, if detected at an early stage, can be treated by radical nephrectomy without adjuvant therapy. Generally, the clinical outcome and prognosis of @entity8709 are favorable.

title: An extramedullary XXXX in the kidney of a 14-year-old @entity1 : Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal EMP']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lymphoid']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8709 :: ('MESH:C537514', 'Disease') :: ['EMP', 'Extramedullary plasmacytoma']

answer: @entity6872 :: (MESH:D010954,Disease) :: ['plasmacytoma']


abstract: The effect of intravitreally injected @entity3812 (100 mug and 300 mug) and @entity5713 (100 mug) on function and sensitivity of the cat iris was studied in vivo. Both antimitotics caused the same effects: The sensitivity to touch of the @entity267 disappeared after the third day. The normal sensitivity recovered, but after 1 month there was still an anesthetic island in the center of the @entity267 . The consensual light reflex from the injected to the normal eye declined markedly between 12 and 24 h and was abolished after 4 days. The consensual light reflex from the normal to the injected eye decreased with a similar time course and was completely abolished or strongly reduced after 4-5 days. The function of the sphincter pupillae in the injected eye was reestablished after one month. The affected iris became supersensitive to both @entity2134 and @entity1063 . The degree of supersensitivity in the cholinergic system was closely and inversely related to the degree of impaired function. The function of the dilatator pupillae could not be tested. The observed phenomena were most likely due to inhibition of exoplasmic flow in the nerves supplying the iris and @entity267 .

title: Influence of intraocular XXXX and @entity5713 on the cat iris.

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity3812 :: (MESH:D003078,Chemical) :: ['colchicine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance and @entity3428 are the cardinal features of @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ). @entity1 with @entity8277 ( @entity8277 ) mutations develop severe @entity3428 secondary to hyperinsulinaemia. We hypothesised that @entity2690 might drive adipose testosterone generation from androstenedione through @entity15339 ) in @entity1 with @entity2690 resistance. Here we assessed the effect of @entity2690 on @entity15339 activity in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity3610 , ten healthy controls, and three @entity1 with @entity8277 mutations underwent dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) challenge; serum androgens were measured every 30 min for 4 h after ingestion of 100 mg DHEA. Additionally, paired subcutaneous and omental fat samples were obtained during abdominal surgery from 38 @entity1 . @entity15339 expression was measured by real-time PCR. Serum steroids and cultured cell media androgens were measured with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. FINDINGS: @entity1 with @entity3610 had higher androstenedione concentrations than did controls and @entity1 with @entity8277 mutations (p=0  01 and p=0  005, respectively). However, area under the curve for testosterone was higher in @entity1 with @entity8277 mutations after DHEA than in @entity1 with @entity3610 and controls (874  2 [SE 242] vs 425 [136] and 375  2 [109], p<0  001 for both). @entity15339 mRNA expression was significantly higher in subcutaneous than in omental adipose tissue (p=0  004). @entity15339 expression correlated positively with body-mass index in subcutaneous fat (Spearman correlation=0  51, p=0  006). @entity2690 significantly increased @entity15339 expression in differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes (p=0  04). Incubation with @entity2690 significantly increased testosterone generation from androstenedione in cultured subcutaneous cell media compared with controls (p<0  001). INTERPRETATION: We have found in-vivo and in-vitro evidence of modulation of @entity15339 activity by @entity2690 in @entity3610 and in @entity1 with @entity8277 mutations. @entity2690 seems to drive adipose androgen generation by increasing @entity15339 activity in female subcutaneous adipose tissue. Selective @entity15339 inhibition might offer a novel therapeutic target to reduce androgen burden and improve metabolic phenotype in @entity3610 . FUNDING: Wellcome Trust.

title: Effect of @entity2690 on @entity15339 expression in female adipose tissue: in-vivo and in-vitro study of adipose androgen generation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity15339 :: ('8644', 'Gene') :: ['AKR1C3', 'aldoketoredutase type 3 (AKR1C3']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['INSR', 'insulin receptor']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The liver is the main source of serum insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the concentration of these proteins might reflect liver function. METHODS: In a retrospective longitudinal study we examined serum levels of total and free @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity10116 , @entity10513 , @entity2301 and @entity19518 in 21 adult @entity1 with @entity3851 before and after orthotopic liver transplantation (LTX) by sensitive and specific RIAs. In each @entity1 , the mean value of at least three measurements before and after LTX was calculated. RESULTS: Before LTX, serum levels of total and free @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity2301 were low and showed a rapid and significant increase in almost all @entity1 after successful LTX (total @entity442 : 30 +/- 7 vs. 256 +/- 30 ng/ml, p < 0.001; free @entity442 : 1.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, p < 0.01; @entity5100 : 177 +/- 28 vs. 618 +/- 30 ng/ml, p < 0.001; @entity2301 : 1,230 +/- 136 vs. 3,665 +/- 264 ng/ml, p < 0.001). In contrast, @entity10116 was found to be high immediately before LTX, and declined to normal levels after LTX (210 +/- 40 vs. 90 +/- 15 ng/ml, p < 0.01), while @entity10513 did not show any significant changes (1,154 +/- 296 vs. 1,303 +/- 192 ng/ ml). Positive correlations were found between @entity442 , @entity5100 or @entity2301 , and serum @entity1390 (R = 0.50, 0.72 and 0.61 respectively, p < 0.001). Negative correlations were found between @entity442 , @entity5100 or @entity2301 , and prothrombin time (R = 0.50, 0.59 and 0.51 respectively, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with severe @entity409 show decreased levels of total and free @entity442 , @entity5100 and @entity2301 , and increased levels of @entity10116 . These abnormalities are promptly normalized after successful LTX. Thus, serum levels of @entity442 , @entity5100 and @entity2301 might be useful parameters for the assessment of liver function.

title: Insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in adult XXXX with severe @entity409 before and after orthotopic liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1390 :: ('590', 'Gene') :: ['pseudocholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A @entity1 organism possesses a hierarchy of naturally evolved protective mechanisms against @entity741 at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels. These mechanisms comprise regional protective processes, including upregulation and secretion of paracrine cell-survival factors, @entity32 , angiogenesis, @entity82 , and resident stem cell-based cardiomyocyte regeneration. There are also interactive protective processes between the injured heart, circulation, and selected remote organs, defined as trans-system protective mechanisms, including upregulation and secretion of endocrine cell-survival factors from the liver and adipose tissue as well as mobilization of bone marrow, @entity4558 , and hepatic cells to the injury site to mediate myocardial protection and repair. The injured heart and activated remote organs exploit molecular and cellular processes, including signal transduction, gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, @entity4222 , mobilization, and/or extracellular matrix production, to establish protective mechanisms. Both regional and trans-system cardioprotective mechanisms are mediated by paracrine and endocrine messengers and act in coordination and synergy to maximize the protective effect, minimize @entity583 , and improve myocardial function, ensuring the survival and timely repair of the injured heart. The concept of the trans-system protective mechanisms may be generalized to other organ systems-injury in one organ may initiate regional as well as trans-system protective responses, thereby minimizing injury and ensuring the survival of the entire organism. Selected trans-system processes may serve as core protective mechanisms that can be exploited by selected organs in injury. These naturally evolved protective mechanisms are the foundation for developing protective strategies for @entity583 and @entity66 in other organ systems.    2015 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 5: 167-192, 2015.

title: Trans-system mechanisms against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury-induced disorders']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic myocardial injury']


abstract: Abutilon theophrasti Medik., previously found to be rather insensitive to benzoxazinoid containing rye mulch and the allelochemical @entity66024 ( @entity15662 ), can be associated with the zygomycete Actinomucor elegans, whereby the fungus colonizes the root relatively superficially and mainly in the maturation zone. The fungus mitigates @entity39 of the cotyledons when seedlings are incubated with 2  mM @entity15662 , in contrast to those that lack the fungus. In liquid cultures of the fungus, @entity2340 was identified. The accumulation of @entity2340 is increased in presence of @entity15662 . This @entity535 seems to be important in protecting Abutilon against @entity15662 and its derivatives since it suppressed the accumulation of @entity15662 derived, highly toxic @entity66025 ( @entity3827 ) in the medium and on the root surface during @entity15662 incubations of Abutilon seedlings. Although A. elegans is insensitive to @entity15662 and @entity3827 , the fungus is not able to protect the plant against harmful effects of @entity3827 , when seedlings are treated with the compound. Abutilon can detoxify @entity15662 via @entity15662 -6-OH @entity1120 probably by a cell wall associated glucosyltransferase, but only low amounts of the product accumulate. Low @entity2340 concentrations can contribute to a degradation of the toxic intermediate @entity15662 -6-OH by Fenton reactions, whereby the @entity535 is oxidized. One of the oxidation products was identified as 4(1H)-quinolinone, which is the core substructure of the quorum sensing molecule @entity66026 . The mutualistic association of Abutilon theophrasti with Actinomucor elegans is considered as opportunistic and facultative. Such plant-fungus associations depend rather likely on environmental conditions, such as the mode of fertilization.

title: Abutilon theophrasti's Defense Against the Allelochemical XXXX : Support by Actinomucor elegans.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity66024 :: ('MESH:C017057', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['glucosylation']

entities_list: @entity66026 :: ('MESH:C407944', 'Chemical') :: ['2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone']

entities_list: @entity66025 :: ('CHEBI:17293', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminophen-oxazin-3-one']

answer: @entity66024 :: (MESH:C017057,Chemical) :: ['Benzoxazolin-2(3H)-One']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Worldwide, suicide ranks among the three leading causes of @entity204 among those aged 15-44 years. An estimated 800000 @entity1 die by committing suicide annually. OBJECTIVES: To better understand the association between aggressive suicidal attempt and non-aggressive suicidal attempt in @entity1 with suicide attempt in the emergency department. @entity1 AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on suicide attempters of eastern region of @entity233 between May 2008 and January 2012. Information of all adult suicide attempts was collected prospectively on a form. Suicide attempts were grouped as aggressive and non-aggressive attempts on a specially designed data-collection form. The aggressive suicide attempts contained violent suicide methods such as firearm, hanging, jumping, car exhaust or drowning. RESULTS: A total of 533 @entity1 were included. Sixty-four of these @entity1 admitted to ED with aggressive suicide attempt (12%). Non-aggressive suicide attempts were consulted to psychiatry more compared to aggressive ones (%73.6, n = 345 vs. %32.8, n = 21, P < 0.0001). Agitation in ED and being male increased aggressive suicide attempt risk by 3.5 (%95 CI: 1.6-7.6) and 3.2 times (%95 CI: 1.8-5.5), @entity2146 @entity1 in ED group and male group respectively. @entity1 with aggressive suicide attempt were statistically more frequent among these @entity1 ; @entity1 with @entity2146 , those hospitalized in intensive care or surgical services and those whose length of stay in the emergency department was less than one day (P < 0.05 for all). @entity1 with non-aggressive suicide attempt were statistically more frequent in these @entity1 ; @entity1 complained of @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity158 , @entity1295 , those with @entity911 , those tending to sleep, those hospitalized in internal services or emergency ward and finally those whose length of stay in the emergency department was more than one day (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with aggressive suicide attempt who have high risk of dying should be recognized and requested psychiatric consultation even if not in the emergency department.

title: Demographic and clinical differences of aggressive and non-aggressive suicide attempts in the emergency department in the eastern region of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitated', 'agitation']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['stomach pain']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: @entity6536 ( @entity6536 ) is an endogenous growth factor with multiple functions in the embryonic and postnatal brain. The @entity6536 gene is large and complex, transcribing more than twenty transmembrane proteins and generating a large number of isoforms in tissue and cell type-specific patterns. Within the brain, @entity6536 functions have been studied most extensively in neurons and glia, as well as in the peripheral vasculature. Recently, @entity6536 signaling has been found to be important in the function of brain microvascular endothelial cells, decreasing @entity1356 -induced increases in endothelial permeability. In the current experiments, we have investigated the pathways through which the @entity6536 -b isoform acts on @entity1356 -induced endothelial permeability. Our data show that @entity6536 -b increases barrier function, measured by transendothelial electrical resistance, and decreases @entity1356 -induced hyperpermeability, measured by dextran-40 extravasation through a monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells plated on transwells. An investigation of key signaling proteins suggests that the effect of @entity6536 -b on endothelial permeability is mediated through @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation, events which affect filamentous actin morphology. In addition, @entity67962 , an inhibitor of the @entity1722 -associated @entity4149 kinase, reduces the effect of @entity6536 -b on @entity1356 -induced @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation. These data add to the evidence that @entity6536 -b signaling affects changes in the brain microvasculature in the setting of neuroinflammation. We propose the following events for @entity6536 -mediated effects on @entity1356 ( @entity1356 )-induced endothelial hyperpermeability: @entity1356 leads to @entity3547 activation,  resulting in an increase in phosphorylation of @entity3097 ( @entity3097 ). Phosphorylation of @entity3097 is known to result in actin contraction and alterations in the f-actin cytoskeletal structure. These changes are associated with  increased endothelial permeability. Neuregulin-1b acts through its transmembrane receptors to activate intracellular signaling pathways which  inhibit @entity1356 -induced @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation, thereby preserving the f-actin cytoskeletal structure and endothelial barrier function.

title: Neuregulin1-b decreases XXXX -induced @entity3547 activation, @entity3097 phosphorylation, and endothelial hyperpermeability.

entities_list: @entity3097 :: ('23209', 'Gene') :: ['MLC', 'myosin light chain']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1b']


abstract: @entity943 are a frequent cause of @entity204 and morbidity. Conventional antiarrhythmia therapy involving oral or intravenous medication is often ineffective and complicated by drug-associated side effects. Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated the advantages of cardiac drug-polymer implants for enhanced efficacy for cardiac @entity943 therapy compared with conventional administration. However, these studies were based on systems that deliver drugs at a fixed release rate. Modulation of the drug delivery rate has the advantage of regulating the amount of the drug delivered depending upon the disease state of the @entity1 . We hypothesized that iontophoresis could be used to modulate cardiac drug delivery. In this study, we report our investigations of a cardiac drug implant in @entity235 that is capable of iontophoretic modulation of the administration of the antiarrhythmic agent @entity2778 . We used a heterogeneous cation-exchange membrane (HCM) as an electrically sensitive and highly efficient rate-limiting barrier on the cardiac-contacting surface of the implant. Thus, electric current is passed only through the HCM and not the myocardium. The iontophoretic cardiac implant demonstrated in vitro drug release rates that were responsive to current modulation. In vivo results in @entity235 have confirmed that iontophoresis resulted in regional coronary enhancement of @entity2778 levels with current-responsive increases in drug concentrations. We also observed acute current-dependent changes in ventricular effective refractory periods reflecting @entity2778 -induced refractoriness due to regional drug administration. In 30-day @entity235 experiments, iontophoretic cardiac implants demonstrated robust sustained function and reproducible modulation of drug delivery kinetics.

title: Iontophoresis for modulation of cardiac drug delivery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia', 'Cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: AIMS: @entity5123 ( @entity5123 ) of the breast is a rare @entity5 seen usually in postmenopausal @entity1 . Although @entity5123 of the salivary glands (SG) is recognized to be a @entity5 , the nature and biology of similar @entity5 seen in the breast remains to be defined. The aim of this study was to describe @entity5123 of the breast that was reported on core biopsy as an invasive matrix-producing @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: A core biopsy from a clinically malignant retroareolar mass showed mildly atypical polygonal cells with surrounding @entity4494 . Immunohistochemistry showed expression of basal and luminal cytokeratins, but @entity2931 receptor, @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( @entity1722 ) and myoepithelial markers were negative. The excision specimen showed similar features, but in addition the stroma showed cartilage and bone. Also it was clear that the lesion was circumscribed and merged with a sclerosed papillary lesion consistent with what has been described as mammary @entity5123 . CONCLUSION: This lesion shows an overlap of morphology and immunophenotype with SG- @entity5123 and with @entity0 . The majority of mammary PAs have a benign behaviour, but local recurrence and development of @entity189 occur. We propose a new terminology of @entity5 of the breast to reflect the uncertain nature of these @entity5 and help guide management decisions.

title: XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['MBC', 'metaplastic breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma-like tumour', 'benign tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid stroma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'Pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Pleomorphic adenoma-like tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate surgical techniques and their relationship to postoperative success rate and hearing outcomes in acquired @entity1146 of the external auditory canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this article, 24 @entity1 with acquired @entity1146 of the external auditory canal were retrospectively evaluated regarding their canal status, hearing, and postoperative success. RESULTS: Acquired @entity850 occurs more commonly in males with a male: female ratio of 2-3:1; it seems to be a disorder affecting young adults. Previous ear surgery (13 @entity1 , 54.2%) and external ear @entity130 (11 @entity1 , 45.8%) were the main etiological factors of acquired @entity2169 . Mastoidectomy (12/13) and traffic accidents (8/11) comprise the majority of these etiological factors. Endaural incision is performed in 79.2% and postauricular incision for 20.8% of cases during the operation. As types of surgical approach, transcanal (70.8%), transmastoid (20.8%), and combined (8.4%) approaches are chosen. The atretic plate is generally located at the bony-cartilaginous junction (37.5%) and in the cartilaginous canal (33.3%); the bony canal is involved in a few cases only. Preserved healthy canal skin, split- or full-thickness skin grafts, or pre- or postauricular skin flaps are used to line the ear canal, but preserved healthy canal skin is preferred. CONCLUSION: The results of surgery are generally satisfactory, and complications are few if surgical principles are followed.

title: Management of Acquired XXXX of the External Auditory Canal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['Atresia']


abstract: @entity2754 ( @entity2754 ) is the most common @entity250 in @entity1 . Since heightened sensitivity of the glans is implicated in @entity2754 , it seems reasonable that reducing this sensitivity could have a delaying effect on intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IVELT) without adversely affecting the sensation of ejaculation. We have developed a local anesthetic combination, in a metered-dose aerosol delivery system, that delivers @entity3303 and @entity5403 in base form without organic solvents. The drug can be easily removed prior to vaginal penetration, circumventing the need for a condom that most @entity1 find undesirable. Herein, we report on a prospective open-label pilot study investigating the safety and efficacy of this novel delivery system for topical local anesthetic to the glans penis aimed at prolonging the IVELT in @entity1 who self-reported having @entity2754 . This was an open-label prospective pilot study. The @entity3303 - @entity5403 (LP) aerosol delivered 7.5 mg @entity3303 and 2.5 mg @entity5403 , both in base form, per actuation. A total of 14 @entity1 who had been referred to urology clinics with the problem of @entity2754 were recruited. Consent was obtained from both subjects and their partners. Couples were asked to time their IVELT without treatment on one encounter, and then on five subsequent encounters were asked to apply the spray to the glans penis, leave on for 10-15 min, wipe off carefully before intercourse. The IVELT was timed with a stopwatch and then both partners were asked to rate their individual satisfaction relative to baseline without treatment. They were also asked to document any adverse events or comments. In all, 11 @entity1 completed the study. The average IVELT increased from 1 min:24 s to 11 min:21 s (P=0.008) representing an average eight-fold increase. No subjects experienced a decrease in IVELT. The average satisfaction score for both subjects and partners was 1.0; on a scale where -1 was worse, 0 the same, +1 better and +2 much better. Topical LP spray, applied to the glans penis 15 min before intercourse, prolongs ejaculation time significantly and improves sexual satisfaction in both @entity1 with @entity2754 and their partners. The glandular numbness, noticed in only two cases, did not adversely affect the quality of the orgasm. Occasionally, a @entity1 reported difficulty maintaining an erection while waiting the required 15 min between application of the spray and the initiation of intercourse.

title: Topical @entity3303 - @entity5403 spray for the treatment of XXXX : a proof of concept study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['Premature ejaculation', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity2754 :: (MESH:D061686,Disease) :: ['premature ejaculation']


abstract: In this study we investigated a family with @entity28846 (PC) congenita caused by a @entity52009 mutation in the voltage-gated @entity1372 -channel gene @entity16093 . A previous study showed that exposure to cold aggravates the @entity121 in @entity1 with this mutation. However, the mechanism behind cold sensitivity and the @entity1372 -channel defect remained unclear. In order to gain a better understanding of sarcolemmal propagation in these @entity1 , we measured muscle-fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) invasively. We studied four PC @entity1 and four healthy subjects at room temperature. After the muscle was cooled, MFCV was measured again in the two PC @entity1 and four control subjects. MFCV was significantly lower in the PC @entity1 at room temperature, compatible with dysfunctional @entity1372 channels. After cooling, MFCV was significantly lower in both groups as compared with room temperature. The relative slowing was 1.4% per degrees C for PC @entity1 and 1.5% per degrees C for healthy subjects. These results indicate that, in these PC @entity1 , mutant and wild-type @entity1372 channels respond equally to cold exposure. Thus, MFCV is abnormal in these @entity1 , but the aggravation of @entity121 cannot be explained by an abnormal sarcolemmal response to cold.

title: Reduced muscle-fiber conduction but normal slowing after cold exposure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity52009 :: ('p|SUB|G|1306|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly1306Val']

entities_list: @entity28846 :: ('MESH:D020967', 'Disease') :: ['paramyotonia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle stiffness']

answer: @entity28846 :: (MESH:D020967,Disease) :: ['paramyotonia congenita']


abstract: We studied mechanisms of immunity to blood stage @entity281 in the @entity19 @entity311 @entity501 vinckei and @entity501 17X. Infection with P. vinckei was uniformly lethal, whereas @entity501 17X caused a self-limited, nonlethal @entity281 . Transfer of immune @entity1961 + T cells conferred protection against @entity501 in @entity19 . Previous studies by others had suggested that immunity to @entity501 may be related to MHC class I expression on reticulocytes and found that CD8+ T cells alone transferred protection in immunodeficient @entity19 . However, in our experiments, immune CD8+ T cells failed to transfer protection. In the P. vinckei system, both @entity1892 and immunologically intact @entity19 developed immunity to P. vinckei after parasite @entity281 and drug cure. In vivo depletion of @entity1961 + T cells abrogated immunity in these immune @entity19 . Adoptive transfer of @entity1961 + T cells failed to protect nude or normal @entity19 from P. @entity281 , but the transfer of immune @entity1961 + T cells reconstituted immunity in @entity1961 -depleted immune @entity19 . Splenectomy of immune @entity19 resulted in the complete loss of immunity. Despite the fact that immunity to P. vinckei could be achieved with live parasite @entity281 and drug cure, immunization of @entity19 with killed P. vinckei with various adjuvants failed to protect @entity19 from live challenge. In contrast, immunization with killed P. vinckei antigens in combination with attenuated @entity2491 SL3235 induced a high degree of protective immunity. These results suggest that induction of immunity against @entity311 requires both induction of @entity1961 + T cells and certain splenic alterations caused by parasite @entity281 or @entity2491 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cellular mechanisms in immunity to blood stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'vinckei infection']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell-deficient']

entities_list: @entity501 :: ('5861', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium yoelii', 'P. yoelii', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['virulent malarias', 'malarias']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity75 rectus (IR) and superior rectus (SR) muscles of the same eye in the treatment of incomitant @entity15170 with @entity892 . METHODS: Retrospective record review of two groups. (1) @entity1 with @entity15170 and @entity892 in downgaze and with fusion in the primary position underwent adjustable recessions of the IR and SR muscles of the eye that was hypotropic in downgaze. (2) @entity1 with @entity15170 and @entity892 in the primary position and less @entity15170 in downgaze underwent an IR muscle recession of the hypotropic eye in the primary position and adjustable recessions of the contralateral IR and SR muscles. RESULTS: Group 1 included four @entity1 . Mean incomitance between primary position and downgaze was 10(Delta). After mean follow-up of 44 months, all @entity1 were fusing in the primary position and downgaze. Group 2 included six @entity1 . Mean incomitance between primary position and downgaze was 9.3(Delta). After mean follow-up of 40 months, all @entity1 were fusing in the primary position and downgaze. One @entity1 in group 2 required a second procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Recession of both vertical rectus muscles of the same eye appears to be an effective, stable, and predictable procedure for @entity1 with incomitant @entity15170 with @entity892 in downgaze. A modification of this procedure may also be effective for cases in which postoperative @entity15170 in downgaze is anticipated with recession of one IR muscle. The procedure is especially appropriate in the treatment of @entity2194 , since it is adjustable, and since it does not require resection or posterior fixation of a vertical rectus muscle.

title: Treatment of incomitant @entity15170 and XXXX with @entity75 rectus and superior rectus muscles of the same eye.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid eye disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['recession of the inferior']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity892 :: (MESH:D004172,Disease) :: ['diplopia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e14670 Background: Peritoneal @entity3 is the most life-threatening @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity356 , and no standard therapy has been established in spite of recent advances in chemotherapy. We previously verified the safety and efficacy of @entity11730 plus intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ) in phase I and II studies (Oncology 2009, Ann Oncol 2010). We hereby report the results of 100 @entity1 treated with this regimen at the University of Tokyo Hospital. METHODS: @entity356 @entity1 with macroscopic peritoneal @entity3 were implanted with peritoneal access ports, and received combination chemotherapy of @entity11730 plus IV and IP @entity4045 . @entity4045 was administered IV at 50 mg/m(2) and IP at 20 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8. @entity11730 was administered at 80 mg/m(2)/day for 14 consecutive days, followed by 7 days rest. Radical gastrectomy was performed when macroscopic curative resection was made achievable after the chemotherapy. Efficacy and safety were evaluated in all the @entity1 . RESULTS: Between February 2005 and January 2011, 100 @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3 were treated, including 80 with @entity5 , 10 after palliative gastrectomy, and 10 with peritoneal recurrence. The median number of courses was 8 (range 1-48). The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 22.6 months (95% CI, 17.9-28.9 months). The MSTs of subgroups were as follows: @entity3 to the adjacent peritoneum, 49.6 months (n=10); metastases to the distant peritoneum, 19.7 months (n=90): Ascites negative, 39.3 months (n=29); ascites positive, 19.0 months (n=71): With @entity5 , 20.6 months (n=80); after palliative gastrectomy, 49.6 months (n=10); with peritoneal recurrence, 22.6 months (n=10). Out of 80 @entity1 with @entity5 , 37 @entity1 underwent gastrectomy after response to chemotherapy, and had a @entity1349 of 34.9 months. The frequent grade 3/4 toxic effects included @entity1398 (36%), @entity1431 (20%) and @entity417 (8%). @entity298 were observed in 7 and 6 @entity1 , respectively. There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Combination chemotherapy of @entity11730 plus IV and IP @entity4045 is well tolerated and active in @entity356 @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3 .

title: @entity11730 plus intravenous and intraperitoneal @entity1311 for @entity356 with peritoneal XXXX : A report of 100 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Infection and obstruction of peritoneal access device']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity3754 is targeted to be eliminated globally, at least as a public-health problem, by 2020. The comprehensive strategy for achieving this goal includes the interruption of the transmission of the causative parasites, by drastically reducing the prevalences of microfilaraemia in at-risk communities. In a descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional and community-based study, the impact of the 2004 mass drug administration ( @entity1865 ) on @entity281 , in selected areas of the Western province of @entity3595 Lanka, has now been assessed 1-2 and 11 months after the administration of the @entity6566 - @entity3753 combination employed. Using the cluster-sampling method, urban study populations were selected in the Colombo districts and rural ones were selected in the Gampaha district. After obtaining informed written consent, 2 ml venous blood were collected, between 20.00 and 24.00 hours, from each subject. Personal details and drug compliance in the 2004 @entity1865 were recorded. The samples of 'night' blood were checked for microfilariae, using membrane filtration, and for filarial antigenaemia, using commercial (NOW) immunochromatographic test kits. Eighty-four (4.10%) of the 2034 subjects examined 1-2 months after the 2004 @entity1865 but only four (0.20%) of the 1974 subjects checked 11 months after the @entity1865 were found antigenaemic and/or microfilaraemic (P<0.001). Between the two follow-ups, the overall prevalences of both antigenaemia (4.03% v. 0.15%; P<0.001) and microfilaraemia (0.20% v. 0.05%; P=0.38) fell, although only the reduction in antigenaemia was statistically significant. The prevalence of @entity281 (as indicated by antigenaemia and/or microfilaraemia) fell significantly within each of the two study districts (P<0.001). Although, when the prevalence of @entity281 was high, drug compliance appeared to be an important determinant of the reduction of antigenaemia (P=0.04), the 20% difference in compliance between urban and rural areas had no apparent effect on the corresponding prevalences of @entity281 recorded at either follow-up.

title: Impact of the 2004 mass drug administration for the control of @entity3754 , in urban and rural areas of the Western province of XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'filarial infection']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 10077 Background: HGUPS represent a recently renamed subgroup that accounts for approximately 5% of adult soft tissue @entity242 . Apart from its known cytogenetic complexity, there is still a lack of in the understanding of its molecular biology. PI3K-AKT and MAPK growth-factor signalling are considered two major mechanisms of proliferation in @entity242 . Disturbances in cell cycle genes may also play a crucial role. New biomarkers in such group of @entity5 are an unmet medical need. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 37 pts with surgically resected stage II and III HGUPS. Immunohistochemical staining in @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded tissue was done in all cases for 4 @entity2451 , p4EBP1, @entity15080 , pEIF4G, @entity4043 , pEIF4E, @entity7952 , @entity986 and ki-67. The levels of expression were evaluated as percentage and intensity of stained cells (Hscore). @entity986 and ki-67 were evaluated as a percentage. RESULTS: Pts characteristics were: median age 72 (32-96); gender: 20M/15F/2Unk; median @entity5 size 9 cm (2-30); Grade 2, 6 pts (16%), Grade 3, 27 pts (73%), Unknown 4 pts (10%); stage IIA 11 pts (30%), stage IIB 3 pts (8%), stage III 22 pts (59%); 21 pts received adjuvant radiotherapy (57%) and 13 adjuvant chemotherapy (35%). Low @entity7952 (Hscore<50) and high @entity986 (>40%) and ki-67 (>40%) expression were significantly associated with shortened time to relapse (TTR) (p=0.014, p=0.035 and p=0.002) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (p=0.022, p=0.013 and p=0.000) in the univariate analysis. High levels of p4EBP1 (Hscore>30) showed a nonsignificative trend towards short TTR (p=0.129). Low @entity7952 expression was also associated with early relapse at 1 and 3 years (p=0.047 and p=0.037) and a trend towards greater likelihood of @entity3 (p=0.089). In the multivariate analysis, p4EBP1 (p=0.001) and @entity7952 (p=0.001) were independent prognosis factors of TTR (p=0.001 and p=0.001) and @entity1349 (p=0.014 and p=0.005). High Ki67 levels were associated only with less @entity1349 (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7952 , p4EBP1 and Ki67 are prognosis factors of HGUPS. We have found a strong correlation with TTR and @entity1349 . Signalling through MAPK and p4EBP1 pathway might therefore be a critical targetable option in HGUPS pts.

title: Growth factor receptors and cell cycle proteins as new molecular prognosis markers in high-grade undifferentiated XXXX (HGUPS).

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic sarcoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: GH @entity1984 (GHIS), @entity18197 , is characterized by severe @entity851 , high serum GH levels, and very low serum @entity442 and @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ) levels associated with a genetic defect of the @entity9045 . Recombinant @entity1 (rh) @entity442 treatment at doses of 80-120 microg/kg given sc twice daily is effective in promoting growth in these @entity1 . We have investigated a newly developed drug, rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3, a 1:1 molar complex of rhIGF-I and rhIGFBP-3. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to determine @entity442 pharmacokinetics after the administration of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 in adolescents with GHIS and to evaluate its safety and tolerability. DESIGN: This was an open-label clinical study. SETTING: The study was conducted in a general pediatric ward of a university teaching hospital. @entity1 : Four @entity1 (one female and three males; mean age, 14.9 yr; mean height sd score, -4.9) with confirmed molecular diagnosis of GHIS agreed to participate in the study. INTERVENTION: rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 was administered in a single sc injection at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg.dose (equivalent to 100 and 200 microg/kg rhIGF-I) after breakfast with a 2-d interval between doses. RESULTS: @entity442 levels reached a maximum between 19 +/- 8.3 and 15 +/- 6.2 h for the low and high doses, respectively. The circulating @entity442 levels obtained with the low and high doses were similar, although a discrete dose-dependent increase in circulating @entity442 levels was observed. The @entity442 half-life in four subjects after a dose of 0.5 mg/kg rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 was estimated to be 21+/- 4 h. There were no acute adverse events reported, and all blood @entity413 measurements were normal. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrated that the rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 complex was effective in increasing levels of circulating total and free @entity442 into the normal range for a 24-h period after a single sc administration in @entity1 with GHIS, and that administration of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 was safe and well tolerated.

title: Pharmacokinetic studies of recombinant @entity1 insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I)/rhIGF-binding protein-3 complex administered to XXXX with growth hormone @entity1984 .

entities_list: @entity1984 :: ('MESH:D013734', 'Disease') :: ['insensitivity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-binding protein-3', 'IGFBP-3']

entities_list: @entity18197 :: ('MESH:D046150', 'Disease') :: ['Laron syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) in severe central nervous system (CNS) involvement of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with @entity1252 , including 22 with CNS- @entity1252 and 21 with non-CNS- @entity1252 , underwent SPECT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. SPECT was repeated 1-2 months after treatment in @entity1 with abnormal findings. RESULTS: SPECT and @entity854 were detected in 20 (90.9%) and 10 (45.5%) of the 22 @entity1 with CNS- @entity1252 , respectively (P < 0.01). For 4 @entity1 with @entity385 or @entity548 , SPECT was equally as sensitive as MRI (100%). For the @entity1 with CNS- @entity1252 with diffuse presentations, SPECT was more sensitive than MRI in revealing abnormalities (16 [88.9%] of 18 @entity1 versus 6 [33.3%] of 18 @entity1 ; P < 0.01). In 19 (95.0%) @entity1 , the abnormal SPECT finding manifested as moderate to severe perfusion defect (15 in frontal lobe, 11 in parietal lobe, 11 in basal ganglia, 3 in temporal lobe, and 17 in multiple regions). Although mild perfusion defect was also detected in 4 (19.0%) of the @entity1 with non-CNS- @entity1252 , it only involved a single region and spared the frontal and parietal lobes. Repeated SPECT after treatment showed that perfusion defect had improved significantly or even disappeared in 11 (84.6%) of 13 @entity1 with diffuse CNS- @entity1252 with abnormal findings before treatment. CONCLUSION: Moderate to severe perfusion defect in SPECT involving multiple regions, especially in the frontal and parietal lobes and basal ganglia, in @entity1 with lupus suggests CNS involvement. SPECT is more sensitive than MRI in revealing damage in diffuse CNS- @entity1252 , and is useful in followup, especially for monitoring disease severity and guiding treatment.

title: Diagnostic value of single-photon-emission computed tomography in severe central nervous system involvement of XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The neuropathological features associated with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) brain include the presence of extracellular @entity527 plaques composed of @entity5357 protein (Abeta), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles containing phosphorylated tau protein and the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons which innervate regions such as the hippocampus and the cortex. Studies of the pathological changes that characterize @entity195 and several other lines of evidence indicate that Abeta accumulation in vivo may initiate phosphorylation of tau protein, which by disrupting neuronal network may trigger the process of @entity179 observed in @entity195 brains. However, the underlying cause of @entity528 and their association, if any, to Abeta peptides or phosphorylated tau remains mostly unknown. In the present study, using @entity35 primary septal cultures, we have shown that aggregated Abeta peptides, in a time (18-96 h)- and concentration (0.7-60 microM)-dependent manner, induce @entity137 and decrease @entity1877 acetyltransferase enzyme activity in cultured neurons. Using immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting, we have also demonstrated that Abeta treatment can significantly increase the phosphorylation of tau protein in septal cultures. At the cellular level, hyperphosphorylated tau is mostly apparent in the somatodendritic compartment of the neurons. Abeta peptide (10 microM), in addition to tau phosphorylation, also activates mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity9096 , the two kinases which are known to be involved in the formation of hyperphosphorylated tau in the @entity195 brain. Exposure to specific inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (i.e. @entity4286 ) or @entity9096 (i.e. @entity4113 ) attenuated the hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein in cultured neurons. Given the evidence that tau phosphorylation can induce cell loss by disrupting neuronal cytoskeleton, it is likely that aggregated Abeta peptide triggers degeneration of septal neurons, including those expressing the cholinergic phenotype, by phosphorylation of the tau protein activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity9096 . These results, taken together, suggest that cultured septal cholinergic neurons are vulnerable to Abeta-mediated @entity137 and tau phosphorylation may play an important role in Abeta-induced @entity179 .

title: Amyloid beta peptide induces tau phosphorylation and loss of cholinergic neurons in XXXX primary septal cultures.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic']

entities_list: @entity9096 :: ('84027(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glycogen synthase kinase-3beta']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid beta']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity8678 ( @entity8678 ) may have some intrinsic advantages over transperitoneal laparoscopy (TP) in certain @entity1 undergoing partial nephrectomy. We reviewed our experience with @entity8678 and TP partial nephrectomy to identify differences in intraoperative and postoperative parameters. @entity1 AND METHODS: The records of 72 @entity1 (45 TP, 27 @entity8678 ) undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without hand assistance between January 2003 and August 2005 were reviewed. The two groups were similar demographically; @entity5 were smaller in @entity8678 @entity1 (2.1 v 2.7 cm; P = 0.03), and the @entity8678 approach was used more frequently on right kidneys (70.4% v 37.8%; P = 0.01). RESULTS: The operative time (mean 160 v 192 minutes; P = 0.008) and length of stay (LOS; median 1.0 days [range 1-10 days] v 2.0 days [range 1-64 days]; P = 0.001) were shorter in @entity8678 @entity1 . Rates of collecting system entry (22% v 38%), positive-margin rate (0% v 6.7%; P = 0.29), and complications (19% v 22%; P = 0.77) were similar in @entity8678 and TP @entity1 . @entity548 was the most common complication in both groups. Bowel-related complications occurred in three TP @entity1 , but in no @entity8678 @entity1 . Overall, the median estimated @entity190 (EBL) was lower in @entity8678 @entity1 (100 mL [range 25-3500 mL] v 225 mL [range 25-1900 mL]; P = 0.06). Among @entity1 with complications, EBL was similar in both groups (median 325 mL [50-1500 mL] v 200 mL [50-3500 mL] for @entity8678 and TP; P = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity8678 approach reduces operative time, LOS, and some types of complications without compromising the quality of @entity5 resection. Complications in the retroperitoneal space are not associated with higher EBL. Anatomic considerations and surgeon experience may improve outcomes.

title: Comparison of intraoperative parameters and perioperative complications of retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: support for a retroperitoneal approach in selected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8678 :: ('MESH:D012186', 'Disease') :: ['Retroperitoneal laparoscopy', 'RP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study tested the potential of circulating RNA-based signals as predictive biomarkers for @entity1205 response in @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 ( @entity263 ). RNA was analyzed in blood from six @entity263 @entity1 by whole-transcriptome sequencing (total RNA-sequencing) before and after @entity1205 treatment using the Illumina's HiSeq platform. Targeted RNA capture and sequencing was performed in an independent cohort of ten @entity1 with @entity263 matching the discovery cohort to confirm differential expression of the genes. Response to @entity1205 was defined on the basis of @entity1486 levels and imaging criteria. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare differential gene expression in @entity1 classified as responders versus nonresponders before and after @entity1205 treatment. Thirty-four genes with two-fold differentially expressed transcripts in responders versus nonresponders were selected from total RNA-sequencing for further validation. Targeted RNA capture and sequencing showed that 13/34 genes were differentially expressed in responders. Alpha defensin genes @entity23120 , @entity66886 , and @entity23121 exhibited significantly higher expression in responder @entity1 compared with nonresponder @entity1 before administration of chemotherapy (fold change >2.5). In addition, post- @entity1205 treatment significantly increased transcript levels of these defensin genes in responders (fold change >2.8). Our results reveal that @entity1 with higher defensin RNA transcripts in blood respond well to @entity1205 therapy. We suggest that monitoring @entity23120 , @entity66886 , and @entity23121 RNA transcripts in blood prior to treatment will be helpful to determine which @entity1 are better candidates to receive @entity1205 chemotherapy.

title: Whole blood defensin mRNA expression is a predictive biomarker of @entity1205 response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer']


abstract: Uncontrolled infection quite often leads to @entity32 ( @entity32 ) and @entity409 ( @entity409 ) syndrome. Thirty-five consecutive @entity1 (19 males) fulfilling strict diagnostic criteria for @entity32 were enrolled in two multicenter prospective double-blind trials involving new therapies for @entity32 . The @entity1 were followed prospectively up to day 28 after the enrollment. In the 35 @entity1 with @entity32 , males predominated in the age group below 40 (10/12, 83%) compared to the older group (nine males out of 23, 39%). Out of 16 females presenting with @entity32 , only two were below the age of 40. This distribution was statistically different than our general MICU population. The serum albumin in these @entity1 was uniformly low, with a mean of 22.5 gm/L. The bulk of @entity32 @entity1 (22/35; 63%) went on to develop @entity810 ( @entity810 ). Although statistically not different, skin and @entity298 were more common in @entity810 group while @entity358 in non- @entity810 group. The majority of blood-cultures grew gram-positive organisms. Resolution of @entity32 occurred within first 3 days in greater number of non- @entity810 survivors than @entity810 survivors (6/9, 66.7% vs. 6/16, 37.5%). Of the 22 @entity810 @entity1 , 17 showed improvement in their renal function; the five who did not, died before day 28. The overall mortality (about 32%) was similar in both groups. @entity1 who developed both @entity810 and @entity649 did not survive. In conclusion. @entity32 occurs mostly in elderly @entity1 , almost always in @entity1 with low albumin levels. Premenopausal @entity1 seem to be protected. Blood cultures isolated a gram-positive organism in the majority of cases. Improvement in serum @entity1011 suggests good prognosis. The mortality in @entity810 and non- @entity810 groups is similar.

title: Renal involvement in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan dysfunction', 'MOD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure', 'ARF']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal infections']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess outcomes and @entity137 of high-dose-rate intraoperative radiation therapy (HDR-IORT) in the management of @entity242 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventy-five pediatric @entity1 underwent HDR-IORT for @entity242 from May 1993 to November 2013. The median age was 9  years old (36 @entity1 were  <=6  years old). HDR-IORT was part of initial therapy in 37 @entity1 (49%) and for recurrent disease in 38 @entity1 (51%). Forty-one @entity1 (55%) received HDR-IORT and postoperative external beam @entity138 (PORT), and 22 @entity1 (29%) were previously treated with external beam radiation therapy to the IORT site. Local control (LC), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and event-free survival (EFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 7.8  years for surviving @entity1 , 5-year projected rates of LC, EFS, and @entity1349 were 63% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50%-76%), 33% (95% CI 21%-45%), and 43% (95% CI 30%-55%), with a median survival of 3.1  years. The 5-year LC, EFS, and @entity1349 rates for @entity1 with recurrent disease were 46% (95% CI, 28%-64%), 30% (95% CI, 13%-46%), and 36% (95% CI, 18%-54%). Acute @entity137  >= grade 3 occurred in 2 (2.5%) treatments; late @entity137  >= grade 3 occurred in 4 (5.3%) @entity1 0.3-9.9  years after HDR-IORT. The incidence of @entity137  >= grade 3 was not associated with HDR-IORT applicator size, HDR-IORT dose, prior @entity138 or PORT, or prior or postoperative chemotherapy, but all @entity137  >= grade 3 occurred in @entity1  <=6  years treated with HDR-IORT doses >= 12  Gy. CONCLUSIONS: HDR-IORT is a well-tolerated component of multimodality therapy for @entity242 , allowing additional local treatment while reducing external beam exposure. Taking clinical considerations into account, doses between 8-12  Gy are appropriate for HDR-IORT in @entity1  <=6  years of age.

title: 20-year experience with intraoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy for XXXX : outcomes, @entity137 , and practice recommendations.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'pediatric sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['pediatric sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare psychological outcomes in long-term survivors of pediatric @entity1778 , @entity978 , and @entity1893 and sibling controls. METHODS: Adult survivors of @entity1778 , @entity978 , and @entity1893 (N = 5736) and sibling controls (N = 2565) were administered a long-term follow-up questionnaire allowing assessment of symptoms associated with @entity308 and somatic distress. RESULTS: The majority of respondents in this study did not demonstrate symptomatology indicative of @entity308 or somatic distress. Survivors, however, were significantly more likely than sibling controls to report symptoms of @entity308 and somatic distress. @entity1 were significantly more likely to indicate symptoms of @entity308 and somatic distress than were @entity1 ; however, this difference did not vary by survivor/sibling status. Similarly, socioeconomic (SES) variables predicted symptomatic levels of @entity308 and somatic distress for both survivors and siblings, and these effects did not vary by survivor/sibling status. Among @entity1778 , @entity978 , and @entity1893 survivors, in addition to gender and SES, the only treatment variable that predicted scores indicating depressive symptomatology was exposure to intensive chemotherapy. Exposure to intensive chemotherapy also predicted scores indicative of somatic distress symptoms. No other medical variables, including diagnostic category, age at diagnosis, time since diagnosis, and duration of treatment, predicted symptomatic scores for @entity308 and somatic distress. CONCLUSIONS: This large, sibling-controlled, multisite study of young adult survivors of @entity1778 , @entity978 , and @entity1893 found that survivors had significant increased risk for reporting symptoms of @entity308 and somatic distress and that intensive chemotherapy added to this risk. However, being a @entity5 survivor did not compound the effects of gender and SES variables on the 2 outcomes measured. The ability of SES, gender, and treatment-related variables to predict @entity1109 in this cohort of childhood survivors and sibling controls calls for future research into varied biological and psychosocial pathways by which @entity5 influences future psychosocial functioning.

title: Psychological outcomes in long-term survivors of @entity1778 , XXXX , and @entity1893 : a report from the @entity5 Survivor Study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The surgical correction of @entity4145 ( @entity4145 ) is indicated to prevent progression to @entity740 . Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become increasingly popular as an approach to @entity4145 correction. We compared the perioperative outcomes between minimally invasive ( @entity11542 ) and open pyeloplasty (OP) in the adult population. METHODS: The current study was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. @entity1 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes for pyeloplasty between 2005 and 2012, and were stratified according to either MIS or open approach. @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity703 were excluded. Following exclusions, 593 @entity1 remained for analysis. Primary outcomes of interest were overall perioperative complications, need for transfusions, re-intervention rate, prolonged operation time (pOT), prolonged length of stay (pLOS), readmission and mortality within 30  days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between preoperative outcomes and surgical approach. RESULTS: In this study, 423 (71.3  %) @entity1 underwent @entity11542 and 170 (28.7  %) underwent OP. @entity1 who underwent @entity11542 had a decreased risk of wound [Odds ratio (OR) 0.06, p  <  0.009] and overall complications (OR 0.21, p  <  0.001), transfusions (OR 0.04, p  =  0.004) and pLOS [pLOS (OR 0.08, p  <  0.001)]. Conversely, @entity11542 was associated with an increased likelihood of pOT (OR 2.26, p  =  0.002). CONCLUSION: Adults with @entity4145 undergoing @entity11542 have a lower risk of overall complications, transfusions and pLOS compared to OP. Further studies are needed to determine whether these benefits offset the increase in expenditures, related to longer operative time and costs of disposables.

title: Comparison of 30-day perioperative outcomes in adults undergoing open versus minimally invasive pyeloplasty for XXXX : analysis of 593 @entity1 in a prospective national database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction', 'UPJO']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm of the kidney']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a minimally invasive endoscopic treatment option for @entity1 with @entity1318 and has been performed since 2010. It is less invasive than Heller myotomy and its use is spreading rapidly worldwide. We present our results of POEM that, to the best of our knowledge, are the first cases in @entity233 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled @entity1 between May 2014 and September 2014; 8 @entity1 with @entity1318 whose complaints recurred after pneumatic balloon dilatation underwent POEM. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia at the endoscopy unit of the gastroenterology clinic. Demographic data was recorded before the procedure, and the results of the procedure were recorded prospectively. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 42.5 (30-72) years. Preoperative and postoperative median Eckardt scores were 10 (8-12) and 1 (0-2), respectively. The median total duration of the procedure was 101 (71-158) min, and the median myotomy length was 13.5 (10-16) cm. Postoperative oral intake started on median day 1 (1-2) and the length of hospital stay was 4 (3-6) days. In 2 @entity1 , capnoperitoneum developed during the procedure and was treated with a Veress needle. CONCLUSION: POEM is a safe endoscopic treatment modality for @entity1 with @entity1318 in centers that are experienced in advanced endoscopic techniques.

title: The last innovation in XXXX treatment; per-oral endoscopic myotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: We treated 12 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 with weekly @entity1311 therapy. @entity1311 was administrated by 1 hour infusion at a dose of 80 mg/m2 after short premedication every week on an outpatient basis. Administration was continued for 3 weeks followed by 1 week rest. All @entity1 had received prior metastatic chemotherapy, and prior @entity4349 therapy was done in 66.7% of the @entity1 . Partial responses were observed in 66.7% of the @entity1 and progressive disease in 33.3%. The response rate was 66.7%. Responses were observed in 62.5% of the @entity1 with prior anthracycline therapy. Grade 3/4 @entity1431 and @entity1398 occurred in 25% of the @entity1 , respectively, and no grade 3/4 @entity1897 was observed. @entity1353 occurred in 25% of the @entity1 and was grade 3 in 16.7%. @entity1353 is thought to be one of the adverse events requiring caution with weekly @entity1311 administration. Weekly @entity1311 therapy is effective and well tolerated in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 .

title: [Weekly XXXX therapy for metastatic @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In medical imaging, lesion segmentation (differentiation between lesioned and non-lesioned tissue) is a crucial and difficult task. Automated segmentation algorithms based on intensity analysis have been already proposed and recent developments have shown that integrating spatial information enhances automatic image segmentation. However, spatial modeling is often limited to short-range spatial interactions that deal only with noise or small artifacts. Previous tissue alterations (e.g. @entity62 ( @entity62 )) similar in intensity with the lesion of interest require a broader-scale approach to be corrected. On the other hand, imaging techniques offer now a multiparametric voxel characterization that may help differentiating lesioned from non-lesioned voxels. We developed an unsupervised multivariate segmentation algorithm based on finite mixture modeling that incorporates spatial information. We extended the usual spatial Potts model to the regional scale using a 'multi-order' neighborhood potential, with internal adjustment of the regional scale according to the lesion size. We validate the ability of this new algorithm to deal with noise and artifacts (linear and spherical) using artificial data. We then assess its performance on real magnetic resonance imaging brain scans of @entity64 @entity1 with history of @entity62 and show that regional regularization was able to remove large-scale @entity62 artifacts.

title: Spatially regularized mixture model for lesion segmentation with application to XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter disease', 'WMD']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: After decades of improvement, @entity565 outcomes have stalled. Mortality, hospitalisations, exacerbations and symptom control remain sub-optimal. In controlled trials, most @entity1 gain high levels of control, but in 'real-life' routine clinical practice most @entity1 do not. Avoidable factors are found in most @entity565 deaths and hospital admissions. This perspective paper considers and contextualises the factors underlying poor @entity565 outcomes, and it suggests approaches that could improve the situation. Factors discussed include severe, therapy-resistant disease and the role of new and upcoming pharmacological therapies in improving outcomes. These are likely to be beneficial when targeted on @entity1 with severe disease and discrete phenotypic characteristics, identified through biomarkers. However, for the majority of @entity1 treated in the community, they are unlikely to be used widely, and better use of current therapy classes will be more important. Non-adherence with regular inhaled @entity228 treatment and over-use of rescue bronchodilators are common, and many @entity1 have poor inhaler technique. Self-management is frequently poor, particularly in those with @entity2673 and co-morbidities. Communication between clinicians and @entity1 is sometimes poor, with failure to detect avoidable poor control and non-adherence, and failure to provide the necessary information and education to support efficient self-management. Strategies for improving monitoring and clinician- @entity1 interactions to allow personalised treatment are considered. These strategies have the potential to allow individual @entity1 needs to be recognised and efficient targeting of the variety of effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that we possess, which has the potential to improve both individual and population outcomes.

title: Why aren't we doing better in XXXX : time for personalised medicine?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial disadvantages']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: In developing countries, 5 to 8% of the space-occupying lesions of the central nervous system are @entity6551 . Diagnosis can be difficult in the absence of extracranial @entity378 ; computed tomography is suggestive only. To assess the value of brain biopsies in @entity6551 , the records of 15 @entity1 aged 6 to 80 years were reviewed. Histological confirmation was obtained in 15 @entity1 , and acid-fast bacilli were cultured from 12 @entity1 . Intracranial @entity101 was the principal sign in 11 @entity1 ; other neurological signs were related to the location of the @entity6551 . One @entity1 had evidence of extracranial @entity378 . Biopsy-related complications consisted of an epidural @entity1410 in 1 @entity1 and @entity1276 in another; both required additional surgery. One case of @entity1906 was probably related to surgery and poor drug compliance. There was no postoperative mortality. Thirteen @entity1 (2 were lost to follow-up) were cured after an average of 16 months of antituberculous therapy. It was concluded that the brain biopsy is useful in diagnosing @entity6551 but that there is some associated risk.

title: Brain biopsy in XXXX : the risks and benefits.

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculomas', 'tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity6551 :: (MESH:D014375,Disease) :: ['tuberculoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 (SRNS) is still regarded as a serious disease although treatment with @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) has improved outcome. However, the duration of treatment in responders is unclear, and treatment of @entity1 with genetic causes is a matter of debate. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with SRNS were studied retrospectively. Median age at presentation was 3.2 (range, 0.06-15.0) and median follow-up 15.5  years (range, 1.8-27.7), respectively; 23 (64  %) had @entity628 ( @entity628 ) on biopsy. In 33/36 @entity1 (92  %), genetic testing was performed for at least three most common genes known to be mutated in SRNS. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (53  %), especially those with minimal change @entity1985 (MCNS) at initial biopsy (p   <   0.002), entered complete remission with @entity9472 monotherapy, including one @entity1 with compound heterozygous @entity6333 and dominant @entity15168 mutation, respectively. Ten @entity1 entered partial remission (28  %, all @entity628 ), including two with @entity21188 mutations. Seven @entity1 (six @entity628 , one MCNS) did not respond to treatment. In 15 of 19 responders to @entity9472 , treatment was stopped after a median of 3.1  years (range, 0.5-14) and no further relapses occurred in 11/15 (73  %) @entity1 with median follow-up of 9.7  years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9472 monotherapy is effective in SRNS. Discontinuation of @entity9472 is possible in many @entity1 with complete remission.

title: Response to XXXX in @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 : discontinuation is possible.

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: The genus Fusarium, especially @entity18327 and F. proliferatum, has been found in several agricultural products worldwide, especially in @entity2829 . Regardless the occurrence of symptoms, the presence of Fusarium in @entity2829 constitutes an imminent risk due to its ability to produce fumonisins, mycotoxins with proven carcinogenic effect on @entity35 , @entity1707 , and @entity1641 and already classified as possible carcinogens to @entity1 . The @entity137 of incremental levels of @entity18639 ( @entity18640 ), that is, 50, 100, and 200  mg @entity18640 /kg diet, and the role of @entity16121 DSM 20076 (LL) and @entity6376 NNRL B-5627 (PA) supplementation in counteracting the @entity18640 effects in intoxicated @entity35 were monitored over a period of 4 weeks. Effects on the feed intake and body @entity1017 were noticed. A significant (p  <=   0.05) increase in the level of liver and kidney functions markers and DNA fragmentation was also noticed in @entity35 groups T100 and T200. The @entity880 bacteria (LAB) supplementation could bring back the normal serum biochemical parameters in @entity35 fed on @entity18639 -contaminated diets (T50 and T100) compared to @entity18640 -treated groups. In @entity35 of high-dosage dietary groups supplemented with LAB (T200-LL and T200-PA), the supplementation reduced the serum activity levels of @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT), @entity5906 aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and @entity1011 by 11.3, 11.9, 32, and 20%, respectively. DNA fragmentations were observed in the @entity35 group treated with 200  mg @entity18640 after 3 weeks, while fragmentation was noticed in treated groups with 100 and 200  mg @entity18640 after 4 weeks. No DNA fragmentation was apparent in @entity18640 -treated @entity35 co-administered the LL or PA strain. These results suggest that in male @entity35 consuming diets containing @entity18640 , there is a time- and dose-dependent increase in serum enzyme activities and DNA lesions. Moreover, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. @entity16121 (LL) and @entity6376 (PA) strains have a protective effect against antigenotoxicity and @entity1613 .

title: Protective role of probiotic @entity880 bacteria against dietary XXXX -induced @entity137 and DNA-fragmentation in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity18639 :: ('MESH:C056933', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisin B1']

entities_list: @entity6376 :: ('1254', 'Species') :: ['Pediococcus acidilactici', 'P. acidilactici']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity18327 :: ('117187', 'Species') :: ['F. verticillioides']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity16121 :: ('29397', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis', 'lactis']

answer: @entity18639 :: (MESH:C056933,Chemical) :: ['fumonisin B1']


abstract: Peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) staining and specific antibodies against @entity3921 from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were applied to pannus-free and microscopically intact superficial articular cartilage. Restricted local deposits containing @entity3921 were found in three of ten @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), in one of three @entity1 with seronegative @entity309 and in one @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). Similarly, localized deposits of IgG and C3 were found in the @entity1 with seropositive @entity309 and @entity4932 , but not in the @entity1 with seronegative @entity309 . Adjacent sections exhibited esterase activity in and around the PMN. In proteinase-positive areas from @entity1 with seropositive @entity309 the inhibitors alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) and @entity5843 ( @entity5843 ) were present in two of three and one of three @entity1 , respectively. In @entity4932 only alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was present, and in seronegative @entity309 no inhibitors were found. No staining of articular cartilage was observed in a @entity1 with @entity5144 . One of three cases with @entity571 exhibited patchy superficial staining for IgG only. In articular cartilage covered by pannus, in three @entity1 with seropositive @entity309 , in one with seronegative @entity309 and in the @entity1 with @entity4932 a few regions with variably dense PMN infiltrates were observed. @entity3921 , elastase and esterase activity were found in and around the PMN. In one of the three @entity1 with seropositive @entity309 the adjacent cartilage-pannus junction exhibited distinct staining for @entity3921 , but not for IgG/C3 and proteinase inhibitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Degradation in vivo of articular cartilage in @entity309 and XXXX by @entity3921 from polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin', 'alpha 2-MG']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis', 'JCA']

entities_list: @entity3921 :: ('1511', 'Gene') :: ['cathepsin G and elastase', 'Cathepsin G']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['seropositive rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis']