abstract: PURPOSE: The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and clinical effect of intraoperative navigation for resection of elongated styloid process (ESP) in @entity5588 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity5588 with clinically and radiologically established diagnoses of ESP were included in this study. Preoperatively, all @entity1 accepted three-dimensional computed tomography scan, and their skulls' digital imaging and communications in medicine data were inputed into the navigation system workstation to make a virtual surgical plan in advance. During surgery, the intraoperative navigation was performed to excise the ESP accurately for both intraoral (without tonsillectomy) and extraoral approaches following the virtual plan. Postoperatively, the amount of @entity548 , duration of operation and hospitalization, and the length of resected styloid process (SP) were measured and compared with those cases that had traditional styloidectomy without the help of surgical navigation (SN). A simple visual analog scale questionnaire was also used to assess @entity1 ' satisfaction and the surgery effect after 3 months. RESULTS: In total, 17 SPs from 12 @entity1 were precisely resected by intraoral parapharyngeal approach and small cervical approach with the aid of SN. No severe complications occurred in any @entity1 . The length of resected SPs was 21.93  14.26 mm. The average amount of @entity548 and duration of operation were 22.50  8.54 mL and 40.35  11.81 minutes, respectively, which were all less than with traditional styloidectomy. The visual analog scale analysis showed that the discomfort in all @entity1 was relieved, while ten @entity1 ' symptoms were improved greatly, and two @entity1 had some improvement. CONCLUSION: The higher accuracy of surgery, lesser amount of @entity548 , decreased duration of surgery and hospitalization, absence of complications, and improved subjective symptoms indicated that SN is an effective and minimally invasive surgical procedure suitable for resection of ESP for treating @entity5588 .

title: Application of surgical navigation in styloidectomy for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5588 :: ('MESH:C538010', 'Disease') :: ["Eagle's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity5588 :: (MESH:C538010,Disease) :: ['Eagle's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mitral isthmus ablation is challenging. The use of steerable @entity4847 and high ablation power may improve success rate. METHODS: This single-center, prospective study enrolled 200 @entity1 who underwent ablation for @entity955 ( @entity955 ), including mitral isthmus ablation. Mitral isthmus ablation was performed using an irrigated ablation catheter via a steerable @entity4847 (endocardium: maximum power: 40/50 W limited to annular end, maximum temperature: 48   C; coronary sinus [CS]: maximum power: 25/30 W, maximum temperature: 48   C). Endpoint was bidirectional mitral @entity616 . RESULTS: Mitral @entity616 was acutely achieved in 182/200 @entity1 (91%). Sixty-nine percent of @entity1 required CS ablation. Mean total ablation time was 13    6 minutes. There was 1 case of acute circumflex @entity432 . Mean left atrium (LA) diameter was significantly bigger in @entity1 with unsuccessful mitral isthmus ablation (49    4 mm vs. 43    6 mm; P = 0.0007). In redo procedures, the incidence of reconduction at the mitral isthmus, roof and cavotricuspid isthmus was 44%, 37%, and 29%, respectively. Overall incidence of perimitral flutter was 9%. Prior complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation was a predictor for microreentrant @entity591 ( @entity591 ) whereas @entity75 predicted macroreentrant flutters. After a mean follow-up of 20    9 months, 73% of @entity1 remained free from @entity955 or @entity591 . CONCLUSION: We reported on a series of mitral isthmus ablation using steerable @entity4847 and high ablation power (50 W). Larger LA diameter was a predictor of failure to achieve mitral @entity616 . The mitral isthmus had a moderately high incidence of re-conduction but was only associated with a relatively low incidence of perimitral flutter.

title: Mitral isthmus ablation using steerable XXXX and high ablation power: a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gaps in linear lesions']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['isthmus block']

answer: @entity4847 :: (MESH:D018317,Disease) :: ['sheath']


abstract: Leaves develop as flat lateral organs from the indeterminate shoot apical meristem. The establishment of polarity along three-dimensional axes, proximal-distal, medial-lateral, and adaxial-abaxial axes, is crucial for the growth of normal leaves. The mutations of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 ( @entity6266 ) and @entity6267 of @entity958 cause defects in repression of the indeterminate state and the establishment of @entity2270 formation in leaves. Although many mutations have been identified that enhance the adaxial-abaxial polarity defects of @entity6266 and @entity6267 mutants, the roles of the causative genes in leaf development are still unknown. In this study, we found that wild-type plants treated with @entity7652 produced pointed leaves, which are often observed in the single mutants that enhance phenotypes of @entity6266 and @entity6267 mutants. The @entity7652 -treated @entity6266 and @entity6267 mutants formed abaxialized filamentous leaves. @entity7652 , an @entity23386 compound naturally produced in various plant sources, has a growth inhibitory effect on plants that do not produce @entity7652 . We further showed that transcript levels of meristem-specific class 1 KNOX homeobox genes and abaxial determinant genes were increased in @entity7652 -treated @entity6266 and @entity6267 . @entity7652 treated plants carrying double mutations of @entity6267 and the large subunit ribosomal protein gene @entity37146 showed more severe defects in polarity than did the @entity6267 single mutant plants. We suggest that @entity7652 inhibits (a) factor(s) that might be required for leaf adaxial cell differentiation through a pathway independent of @entity6266 and @entity6267 . Multiple pathways might play important roles in the formation of flat symmetric leaves.

title: XXXX enhances defects in the establishment of leaf polarity in asymmetric leaves1 and asymmetric leaves2 of @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine', 'Berberine']

entities_list: @entity23386 :: ('CHEBI:24921', 'Chemical') :: ['isoquinoline alkaloid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity7652 :: (MESH:D001599,Chemical) :: ['Berberine']


abstract: Argentinean @entity13788 cultivars although originated from Europe, have clear ampelographic and genotypic differences as compared with the European cultivars currently used in wine making. In vitro evaluation of salt tolerance has been used in many species. Our hypothesis was that Argentinean cultivars are more tolerant to salinity than European ones. Three European cultivars, Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay and four Argentincan cultivars, Cereza, Criolla Chica, Pedro Gimcnez and Torrontes Riojano were tested by in vitro culture. Treatments included: 1) Control, 2) 60 mEq/L of a mixture of three parts of @entity1219 and one part of @entity3282 and 3) 90 mEq/L of the salt mixture. Results from two experiments (I and II) are reported. No differences were found in plant survival, expressed as % of the respective control, among cultivars. Leaf area, leaf, stem and total @entity62 ( @entity62 ) in Experiment I and leaf area, leaf number and leaf, stem, root and total @entity62 in Experiment II, were higher in Argentinean cultivars than in European ones. We conclude that Argentinean cultivars show better performance in growing under salinity, especially in the highest salt concentration. Differences among cultivars, inside each group, were found for most of the measured variables.

title: Argentinean cultivars of XXXX grow better than European ones when cultured in vitro under salinity.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity13788 :: ('29760', 'Species') :: ['Vitis vinifera']

answer: @entity13788 :: (29760,Species) :: ['Vitis vinifera']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that aging will exacerbate the negative vascular consequences of exposure to a common physiological stressor, i.e., consumption of a "western" (high fat/high @entity969 ) diet ( @entity2360 ), by inducing @entity224 -associated reductions in @entity842 (NO) bioavailability, and that this would be prevented by voluntary aerobic exercise. Incremental stiffness and endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) were measured in the carotid arteries of young (5.4  0.3 mo, N=20) and old (30.4  0.2 mo, N=19) male B6D2F1 @entity19 fed normal chow (NC: 17% fat, 0% @entity969 ) or a western diet (40% fat, 19% @entity969 ) and housed in either standard cages or cages equipped with running wheels for 10-14 weeks. Incremental stiffness was higher in old NC (P<0.05) and both young (P<0.01) and old (P<0.01) @entity2360 fed @entity19 compared with young NC @entity19 , but @entity2360 did not further increase stiffness in the old @entity19 . In cage control @entity19 , maximal EDD was 17% lower in both NC fed old @entity19 and young @entity2360 fed @entity19 (P<0.05). Consumption of @entity2360 by old @entity19 led to a further 20% reduction in maximal EDD (P<0.05). Incremental stiffness was 28% lower and maximal EDD was 38% greater in old @entity2360 fed @entity19 with access to running wheels vs. old @entity2360 fed control @entity19 (P<0.05) and not different from young NC fed controls. Wheel running also tended to improve maximal EDD (+9%, P=0.11), but not incremental stiffness in young @entity2360 fed @entity19 . Ex vivo treatment with the @entity224 scavenger @entity11933 and NO inhibitor @entity6462 abolished these respective effects of age, @entity2360 and @entity2798 on EDD. Ingestion of a @entity2360 induces similar degrees of @entity409 in old and young adult B6D2F1 @entity19 , and these effects are mediated by a @entity224 -dependent impairment of NO bioavailability. However, the combination of old age and @entity2360 , a common occurrence in our aging society, results in a marked, additive reduction in endothelial function. Importantly, regular voluntary aerobic exercise reduces arterial stiffness and protects against the adverse influence of @entity2360 on endothelial function in old animals by preventing @entity224 suppression of NO. These findings may have important implications for arterial aging and the prevention of age-associated @entity65 .

title: Aging compounds western diet-associated large artery endothelial dysfunction in XXXX : prevention by voluntary aerobic exercise.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary running']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity6 is a major risk factor for coronary and peripheral @entity455 . Although @entity6 @entity1 often present with advanced forms of these diseases, it is not known whether the compensatory mechanisms to vascular @entity63 are affected in this condition. Accordingly, we sought to determine whether @entity6 could: 1) impair the development of new collateral vessel formation in response to tissue @entity63 and 2) inhibit cytokine-induced therapeutic @entity2295 . Hindlimb @entity63 was created by femoral artery ligation in nonobese @entity6 @entity19 (NOD @entity19 , n = 20) and in control C57 @entity19 (n = 20). Hindlimb perfusion was evaluated by serial laser Doppler studies after the surgery. In NOD @entity19 , measurement of the Doppler flow ratio between the @entity63 and the normal limb indicated that restoration of perfusion in the @entity63 hindlimb was significantly impaired. At day 14 after surgery, Doppler flow ratio in the NOD @entity19 was 0.49+/-0.04 versus 0.73+/-0.06 for the C57 @entity19 (P< or =0.005). This impairment in blood flow recovery persisted throughout the duration of the study with Doppler flow ratio values at day 35 of 0.50+/-0.05 versus 0.90+/-0.07 in the NOD and C57 @entity19 , respectively (P< or =0.001). @entity5231 immunostaining confirmed the laser Doppler data by showing a significant reduction in capillary density in the NOD @entity19 at 35 days after surgery (302+/-4 capillaries/mm2 versus 782+/-78 in C57 @entity19 (P< or =0.005). The reduction in @entity2295 in the NOD @entity19 was the result of a lower level of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) in the @entity63 tissues, as assessed by Northern blot, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The central role of @entity1611 was confirmed by showing that normal levels of @entity2295 (compared with C57) could be achieved in NOD @entity19 that had been supplemented for this growth factor via intramuscular injection of an adenoviral vector encoding for @entity1611 . We conclude that 1) @entity6 impairs endogenous @entity2295 of @entity63 tissues; 2) the impairment in new blood vessel formation results from reduced expression of @entity1611 ; and 3) cytokine supplementation achieved by intramuscular adeno- @entity1611 gene transfer restores @entity2295 in a @entity19 model of @entity6 .

title: Rescue of XXXX of angiogenesis by intramuscular gene therapy with adeno- @entity1611 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes-related impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alterations in the circadian arterial pressure rhythm predict @entity65 . We examined the circadian arterial pressure rhythm and the effect of @entity3449 -angiotensin system blockade in congenic @entity15656 .Lewis @entity101 @entity35 , a @entity3449 -dependent model of @entity101 derived from the backcross of transgenic @entity101 [mRen-2]27 @entity35 with Lewis normotensive ones. METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity15656 .Lewis @entity101 @entity35 were randomly assigned to drink tap water (vehicle; n = 9), @entity917 (30 mg/kg/day; n = 10), or @entity917 (30 mg/kg/day) combined with aliskiren given subcutaneously (50 mg/kg/day; n = 10) for 2 weeks. Arterial pressure, heart rate, and locomotive activity were recorded with chronically implanted radiotelemetry probes. The awake/asleep ratio was calculated as [awake mean arterial pressure (MAP) mean - asleep MAP mean)] / (awake MAP mean) x 100. Plasma @entity3449 activity (PRA) and concentration (PRC), and plasma and kidney @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIAs). RESULTS: Untreated @entity101 @entity35 showed an inverse arterial pressure rhythm, higher at day and lower at night, accompanied by normal rhythms of heart rate and locomotive activity. Treatment with @entity917 or @entity17162 and @entity917 normalized the elevated arterial pressure and the arterial pressure rhythm, with the combination therapy being more effective in reducing MAP and in restoring the awake/asleep ratio. While PRA and PRC increased with the treatments, the addition of aliskiren to @entity917 partially reversed the increases in plasma @entity1808 levels. @entity917 and the aliskiren and @entity917 combination markedly reduced the renal cortical content of @entity1808 . CONCLUSION: The altered circadian arterial pressure rhythm in this @entity3449 -dependent @entity101 model uncovers a significant role of @entity1808 in the desynchronization of the circadian rhythm of arterial pressure, heart rate, and locomotive activity.

title: Restoration of the blood pressure circadian rhythm by direct XXXX inhibition and blockade of @entity1808 receptors in @entity15656 .Lewis @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity17162 :: ('MESH:C446481', 'Chemical') :: ['aliskiren']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: Traumatic @entity439 of the descending thoracic aorta are a rare but lethal event, having a mortality of 85-90%. Mortality of this population remains high due to the occurrence of @entity1755 . The isthmus of the aorta, just distal to the left subclavian artery is the most frequent site of injury. Acute @entity130 to the aorta is characterized by @entity6243 due to the tear in the layers of the aortic wall. Chronic @entity130 with aneurysmal formation may not surface with symptoms for months or years after initial @entity130 . @entity1 who have formed a chronic @entity439 after a @entity130 incident can experience @entity1282 , @entity662 , @entity1353 , or cough. Surgical repair involves placing a dacron graft in the area of aneurysmal formation. Protection of the lower extremities during the surgical procedure may prevent @entity451 . In a review of ten cases of chronic @entity439 at Loyola University Medical Center during the past twenty (20) years, all @entity1 underwent surgical repair. There was no incidence of @entity451 . Post-operative nursing care focuses on monitoring hemodynamic stability, preventing @entity1576 and controlling @entity158 .

title: Traumatic descending thoracic XXXX : discussion and nursing care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'traumatic aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis or programmed cell death has been shown to play an important role in the progression from @entity1127 . Fas/ @entity1197 is a cell surface protein that can induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types upon specific binding. In this study seven @entity1 @entity14 (HCRC) cell lines of varying differentiation were analyzed for cell surface Fas expression. Fas-mediated apoptosis, and correlation of apoptosis with @entity588 expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using flow cytometry, all seven lines expressed varying amounts of cell surface @entity1197 . Exposure to anti-Fas antibody induced cell death in all the cell lines, albeit to varying degrees. The rate of apoptosis was quantitated using flow cytometry with @entity2667 staining of nuclear DNA. The poorly differentiated cell lines had a significantly decreased (p < 0.05) anti-Fas sensitivity as compared with the well-differentiated lines. Measurement of @entity588 expression by flow cytometry showed an inverse correlation with anti-Fas sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that HCRC cell lines express @entity1197 and, more importantly, provides the first evidence that exposure to anti-Fas antibody can induce apoptosis. Fas-mediated apoptosis in HCRC cell lines may be regulated by @entity588 and may correlate with the degree of differentiation.

title: Apoptosis induced in @entity1 XXXX by anti-Fas antibody.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps to carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: All-terrain vehicle ( @entity11254 ) crashes have been responsible for significant injuries among @entity1 , despite public education efforts. Our study examined pediatric @entity11254 injury patterns in US @entity341 ( @entity341 ) compared with injuries after motor vehicle crash (MVC) and sports activities. METHODS: We studied 2006 to 2011 data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. @entity1 younger than 18 years and involved in @entity11254 crashes, MVC, or sports activities were included. The primary outcome analyzed was a constructed binary measure identifying severe @entity130 , defined as injury severity score greater than 15. @entity2357 models were fit to determine the association between mechanism of injury and severe @entity130 . RESULTS: A total of 6,004,953 @entity2613 visits were identified. Of these, @entity11254 crashes accounted for 3.4%, MVC accounted for 44.7%, and sports activities accounted for 51.9%. @entity341 after @entity11254 crashes were more likely to result in admission (8%) and incur higher median charges ( 1263) compared with visits after sports activities (1%,  1013). Visits after sports activities were 90% less likely to result in severe @entity130 when compared with @entity11254 crash visits. @entity341 after @entity11254 crashes result in severe injuries similar to those sustained in MVC (odds ratio, 1.03; P = 0.626). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2613 after @entity11254 crashes result in significant injuries and charges. Public health interventions such as education, legislation, and engineering are needed to reduce injuries among @entity1 and the subsequent @entity2613 visits for care. The impact of proven interventions may be greatest for @entity1 living in rural areas and among older @entity1 , 10 to 17 years old.

title: A Cross-Sectional Study of Emergency Department Visits by XXXX After All-Terrain Vehicle Crashes, Motor Vehicle Crashes, and Sports Activities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Emergency department visits', 'emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity2613 :: ('MESH:C536181', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric ED visits', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: A split-root growth system was employed to evaluate the effect of @entity1219 on nodule formation by @entity1460 ( @entity1460 . cv Davis). By applying the salinity stress and rhizobial inoculum to only one-half the root system, the effects of salinity on shoot growth were eliminated in the nodulation process. Rhizobium colonization of inoculated root surfaces was not affected by the salt treatments (0.0, 26.6, 53.2, and 79.9 millimolar @entity1219 ). While shoot dry weight remained unaffected by the treatments, total shoot N declined from 1.26 grams N per pot at 0.0 millimolar @entity1219 to 0.44 grams N per pot at 79.9 millimolar @entity1219 . The concentration of N in the shoot decreased from 3.75% N (0.0 millimolar @entity1219 ) to 1.26% N at 79.9 millimolar @entity1219 . The decrease in shoot N was attributed to a sharp reduction in nodule number and dry weight. Nodule number and weight were reduced by approximately 50% at 26.6 millimolar @entity1219 , and by more than 90% at 53.2 and 79.9 millimolar @entity1219 . Nodule development, as evidenced by the average weight of a nodule, was not as greatly affected by salt as was nodule number. Total nitrogenase activity ( @entity728 reduction) decreased proportionally in relation to nodule number and dry weight. Specific nitrogenase activity, however, was less affected by salinity and was not depressed significantly until 79.9 millimolar @entity1219 . In a second experiment, isolates of @entity19062 from nodules formed at 79.9 millimolar @entity1219 did not increase nodulation of roots under salt stress compared to nodule isolates from normal media (0.0 millimolar @entity1219 ). Salt was applied (53.2 millimolar @entity1219 ) to half root systems at 0, 4, 12, and 96 hours from inoculation in a third experiment. By delaying the application of salt for 12 hours, an increase in nodule number, nodule weight, and shoot N was observed. Nodule formation in the 12- and 96-hour treatments was, however, lower than the control. The early steps in nodule initiation are, therefore, extremely sensitive to even low concentrations of @entity1219 . The sensitivity is not related to rhizobial survival and is probably due to the salt sensitivity of root infection sites.

title: Effect of salinity on nodule formation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19062 :: ('375', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium japonicum']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'Glycine max L. Merr']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: @entity455 is the consequence of @entity455 , and the retina is the only place where the arteries can be visualized directly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of @entity989 for carotid artery @entity731 . From December 2009 to January 2011, the carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and total plaque area (TPA) were measured in 179 consecutive @entity1 , who received a fundoscopic examination. The @entity1 were divided into groups as follows: normal retinal artery (normal; n = 44), @entity6 ( @entity6 ; n = 25), @entity732 ( @entity732 ; n = 17), @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ; n = 67), and @entity101 @entity989 (HTN-R; n = 26). The subjects were classified according to the presence of an increased (>=  1 mm) @entity121 and plaque. The values of the mean carotid @entity121 in the @entity1 with @entity455 ( @entity6 , 0.87    0.14 mm; @entity732 , 1.18    0.47 mm; @entity2994 , 0.84    0.14 mm; HTN-R, 0.90    0.20 mm) were significantly increased compared with those in the normal subjects (0.77    0.13 mm). A total 77 of 135 @entity455 @entity1 demonstrated an increased @entity121 (57 %), and 97 @entity455 @entity1 had @entity543 (72 %). The relative risk of @entity455 in the prediction of an increased @entity121 and the presence of plaque was 2.79 and 3.95, respectively. Although The TPA was significantly increased in the @entity1 with @entity732 (1.87    2.67 cm(2)) and @entity2994 (0.27    0.23 cm(2)) compared with the normal subjects (0.18    0.23 cm(2), all Ps < 0.05), there was no significant difference in the ipsilateral carotid @entity121 and @entity865 of the affected eye compared with that of the contralateral eye. In conclusion, @entity455 demonstrated a good predictive value in identifying asymptomatic carotid artery @entity731 , and this was not confined to the ipsilateral carotid artery of the affected eye. Further recommendations with regard to @entity2998 screening in @entity1 with @entity455 should be considered.

title: The predictive value of XXXX for carotid artery @entity731 : are further recommendations with regard to @entity2998 screening needed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'Vascular retinopathy', 'vascular retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DR', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'RVO']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinal vascular findings']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['RAO', 'retinal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery plaque']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal vascular findings']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrospective analysis of ten cases of @entity149 treated in Piti  - @entity9574  tri  re Hospital, Paris. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten male @entity1 were treated from 1997 to 2005 for histologically verified primary @entity149 . The median age was 27 years (range 18-40 years). Our option for the treatment was the association of 3-4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( @entity900 and @entity2879 ) to radiotherapy. Five @entity1 received a craniospinal radiotherapy of 30 Gy (for one @entity1 36 Gy) followed by a tumoral boost from 20 to 24 Gy. For five @entity1 , irradiated volume was limited to the @entity5 , total dose from 24 to 54 Gy (for three @entity1 the total dose was from 24 to 30 Gy). Surgery was used for five @entity1 , but only in one case was macroscopic complete. RESULTS: Six @entity1 were in situation of complete remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All the @entity1 were in situation of complete remission after the irradiation. All the @entity1 were @entity66 with a median follow-up 46 months (range 13-90 months). CONCLUSION: In spite of the fact that the @entity5 are not the subject of a consensual treatment strategy, this retrospective analysis pleads in favour of chemotherapy followed by limited dose and volume irradiation.

title: [Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy adapted to the XXXX response in the primary @entity149 : experience of the Piti  - @entity9574  tri  re Hospital and review of literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alive free of disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial germinal tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['seminoma of the central nervous system', 'germinoma of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The steps required for new vessel growth are biologically complex and require coordinate regulation of contributing components, including modifications of cell--cell interactions, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and matrix degradation. The observation that in vivo angiogenesis is accompanied by vasodilation, that many angiogenesis effectors possess vasodilating properties and that @entity5 vasculature is in a persistent state of vasodilation, support the existence of a molecular/biochemical link between vasodilation and angiogenesis. Several pieces of evidence converge in the indication of a role for @entity842 (NO), the factor responsible for vasodilation, in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Data originated in different labs indicate that NO can act both as an 'actor' of angiogenesis and as a 'director of angiogenesis', both functions being equally expressed during physiological and pathological processes. NO significantly contributes to the prosurvival/proangiogenic program of capillary endothelium by triggering and transducing cell growth and differentiation via @entity9554 ( @entity9554 ) activation, @entity8262 ( @entity6708 ) elevation, mitogen activated kinase (MAPK) activation and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) expression. Re-establishment of a balanced NO production in the central nervous system results in a reduction of cell damage during inflammatory and @entity455 . Elevation of NOS activity in correlation with angiogenesis and @entity5 progression has been extensively reported in experimental and @entity1 @entity5 . In the brain, @entity5 expansion and @entity4 formation are sensitive to NOS inhibition. On this basis, the @entity842 pathway appears to be a promising target for consideration in pro- and anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategies. The use of NOS inhibitors seems appropriate to reduce @entity4 , block angiogenesis and facilitate antitumor drug delivery.

title: XXXX and angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity9554 :: ('4846', 'Gene') :: ['ec-NOS', 'endothelial-constitutive NO synthase']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor-2', 'FGF-2']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Stature at a particular age can be considered the cumulative result of growth during a number of preceding growth trajectory periods. We investigated whether height and weight growth trajectories from birth to age 10 years were related to @entity2516 at ages 11 and 15 years, and eye size at age 15 years. DESIGN: Prospective analysis in a birth cohort. @entity1 : @entity1 participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and @entity1 (ALSPAC) U.K. birth cohort (minimum N = 2676). METHODS: Growth trajectories between birth and 10 years were modeled from a series of height and weight measurements (N = 6815). @entity2516 was assessed by noncycloplegic autorefraction at ages 11 and 15 years (minimum N = 4737). Axial length (AXL) and radius of corneal curvature were measured with an IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Welwyn Garden City, U.K.) at age 15 years (minimum N = 2676). Growth trajectories and an allelic score for 180 genetic variants associated with adult height were tested for association with @entity735 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Noncycloplegic autorefraction at ages 11 and 15 years, and AXL and corneal curvature at age 15 years. RESULTS: Height growth trajectory during the linear phase between 2.5 and 10 years was negatively associated with @entity2516 at 11 and 15 years (P<0.001), but explained <0.5% of intersubject variation. Height and weight growth trajectories, especially shortly after birth, were positively associated with AXL and corneal curvature (P<0.001), predicting 1% to 5% of trait variation. Height growth after 2.5 years was not associated with corneal curvature, whereas the association with AXL continued up to 10 years. The height allelic score was associated with corneal curvature (P = 0.03) but not with @entity2516 . CONCLUSIONS: Up to the age of 10 years, shared growth mechanisms contribute to scaling of eye and body size but minimally to the development of @entity1714 . FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

title: Body stature growth trajectories during childhood and the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error and eye size']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['Refractive error', 'refractive error or AXL', 'refractive error']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ischemic patterns in @entity1 with @entity1112 are thought to differ from those in @entity1 with @entity296 , because the mechanisms of coronary flow reduction in these two diseases are different. The aim of this study was to compare the @entity63 patterns in @entity1 with @entity1112 and those with @entity296 through the use of @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) and stress thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity951 and stress-induced @entity308 were enrolled. All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography, DSE, and stress thallium-201 SPECT within 7 days after enrollment. RESULTS: Of the 26 @entity1 enrolled, 10 had @entity296 of the left anterior descending artery and 16 had @entity1112 . Among @entity1 with @entity296 , @entity296 was found by DSE in five @entity1 and reversible or fixed thallium-201 perfusion defects were found in four. Seven @entity1 with @entity296 had reverse redistribution patterns on thallium-201 scintigraphy. In the 16 @entity1 with @entity1112 , @entity296 was found by DSE in only one @entity1 (p = 0.018 vs @entity296 group) and reversible or fixed thallium-201 perfusion defects were found in nine (p > 0.05 vs @entity296 group). Four @entity1 with @entity1112 had reverse redistribution patterns on thallium-201 scintigraphy. The resting left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was higher in @entity1 with @entity296 than in those with @entity1112 (17 +/- 4 vs 12 +/- 5 mm Hg, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The most common @entity63 patterns in @entity1 with @entity1112 were @entity662 and stress-induced @entity308 , followed by myocardial perfusion defects. @entity452 -induced dyssynergy was rare. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure elevation and @entity452 -induced @entity854 were more common in @entity1 with @entity296 than in those with @entity1112 .

title: XXXX patterns in @entity296 and @entity1112 : evaluation by @entity452 stress echocardiography and stress thallium-201 SPECT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dyssynergy', 'myocardial bridge']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome X']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['typical angina']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Comparison of ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Experiments were designed to determine whether @entity301 after @entity299 and reperfusion could be prevented by warm blood cardioplegic solution. BACKGROUND: The coronary endothelium produces endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) to prevent @entity2553 and @entity715 . After @entity63 and reperfusion, endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) is diminished as a result of @entity409 . METHODS: @entity235 were exposed to extracorporeal circulation in 37 degrees C (group 1) or 28 degrees C (groups 2 and 3). The heart was @entity63 for 120 min while continuous warm blood cardioplegic solution (group 1) or intermittent cold (4 degrees C) crystalloid cardioplegic solution was not used in group 3 animals. The heart was then allowed to function for 60 min of reperfusion. RESULTS: Endothelium-derived relaxation in response to @entity934 , @entity857 and @entity3163 of the coronary rings of group 1 was significantly different from that of groups 2 and 3 but was not significantly different from that of group 4. In contrast, EDR in response to the receptor-independent @entity460 ionophore agonist @entity3365 was not significantly different between the four groups. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that @entity1423 and aggregation, area of microthrombi, disruption of endothelial cells and separation of the intercellular junction could be found in coronary segments of groups 2 and 3 but not in vessels of groups 1 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: These experiments suggest that @entity299 and reperfusion impair receptor-mediated release of EDRF from the coronary endothelium with @entity409 . This type of @entity301 can be prevented by continuous anterograde infusion of warm blood cardioplegic solution during global @entity63 .

title: Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation after XXXX and reperfusion: role of warm blood cardioplegia.

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet adhesion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['G-protein dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac global ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac global ischemia']


abstract: Effective treatment modalities for Stage III and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the head and neck are limited and seldom result in long term survival. The improved results with @entity900 containing chemotherapy have been encouraging and represent an additional therapeutic modality for @entity135 . To estimate the effectiveness of concomitant radiation and @entity900 chemotherapy, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) initiated a Phase II study for @entity1 with advanced nonresectable @entity957 of the head and neck. In addition, the diagnostic biopsy specimens were collected. Two pathologists reviewed and scored the biopsy specimens for a number of histologic parameters, including degree of keratinization, nuclear pleomorphism, frequency of mitoses, inflammatory and stromal reaction, pattern of invasion and vascular involvement in order to identify potential prognostically important @entity1 subgroups. A total of 114 @entity1 were evaluated for complete clinical responses (CR). These were achieved in 76% for @entity135 ( @entity981 ), and in 72% of the @entity1 excluding nasopharyngeal and @entity5 (REST). Evaluation of histopathologic parameters through multivariate analysis identified the presence of keratin as the most significant in predicting CR. Non-keratinizing @entity957 had CRs of 98% ( @entity981 ), and 94% (REST), as compared with 64% and 67% in the @entity1 with keratin producing @entity5 (P less than 0.001 and 0.05) respectively. Survival at 24 months was found to be improved in the non-keratinizing @entity957 (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis also identified the frequency of mitoses as being important in predicting for CR in @entity1 with keratin in the biopsy findings. Biopsy specimens from @entity981 @entity1 with two or more mitotic figures per high-power microscopic field had 76% CRs, in comparison with 46% when none or one mitotic figure was observed (P = 0.02). In the restricted group of @entity1 (REST), the CR was 77% in the high mitotic figure group as opposed to 45% in the lower rate group (P = 0.03). However, this significant difference in CR rates did not translate into improved survival for the high CR subset.

title: Improved response and survival to combined XXXX and radiation in non-keratinizing @entity957 of the head and neck. An RTOG study of 114 advanced stage @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['all head and neck sites', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sinus cancers', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['IV squamous cell carcinomas', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine the frequency of use and types of antidepressants used in @entity29 @entity1 and to collect data with respect to any effect of antidepressants on the course of @entity29 in a usual care setting. METHOD: A case-note audit was conducted at an @entity29 Service in a public tertiary hospital. Included @entity1 were those diagnosed with @entity29 by a gastroenterologist; and have had contact with the @entity29 Service in the last 6months. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. RESULTS: Overall, 313 @entity1 were eligible and 287 had complete data. Overall, 51 (17.8%) @entity1 were currently taking antidepressants and 71 (24.7%) previously received antidepressants. Eighty-three (28.9%) @entity1 had used an antidepressant at some time. In terms of disease activity while on antidepressants, the majority of @entity1 had inactive disease but presented with what were thought by their clinicians to be functional symptoms. CONCLUSION: Antidepressants are commonly prescribed in @entity29 @entity1 . In our cohort, they appear to be mostly used for functional symptoms. The current data do not allow us to judge whether they improve @entity29 disease activity. Targeted studies are needed to answer this question and to improve practice and @entity1 outcomes.

title: The role of antidepressants in the management of @entity29 ( XXXX ): a short report on a clinical case-note audit.

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['IBD']


abstract: Songbirds possess a specialized network of brain nuclei mediating song learning and production, the song system. In many species, the nuclei in this circuit are larger in volume in males housed on long photoperiods than in males housed on short photoperiods. Exposure to long days initially leads to increases in circulating levels of @entity251 (T) and it is generally believed that volume changes in the song system are controlled by T-dependent effects of photoperiod. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that photoperiod can also have T-independent effects on song system morphology. Previous work in our laboratory suggested that @entity558 may modulate the effects of exogenous @entity251 on the volumes of song control nuclei in male European starlings ( @entity6248 ). In the present report, we tested the hypothesis that photorefractoriness attenuates the effects of T on the volumes of song control nuclei in starlings. One group of long-day photorefractory males (16L:8D) was exposed to exogenous T and two groups of short-day photosensitive birds (8L:16D) were either implanted with T or blank (control) capsules. After 8 weeks, T levels were elevated in both groups of @entity17523 and were undetectable in control animals. Volumes of the high vocal center were larger in T-implanted photosensitive birds than in both T-implanted photorefractory and control photosensitive males, which did not differ. These results suggest that photorefractoriness renders the song nuclei of starlings less sensitive to stimulatory effects of T. Plasticity in the starling song system appears to require the coordination of the appropriate hormonal milieu with a permissive @entity558 .

title: Photoperiodic condition modulates the effects of XXXX on song control nuclei volumes in male European starlings.

entities_list: @entity17523 :: ('MESH:D001715', 'Disease') :: ['T-implanted birds']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['photoperiodic condition']

entities_list: @entity6248 :: ('MESH:D016112', 'Disease') :: ['Sturnus vulgaris']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: Modifications of the single-section Golgi-impregnation procedure of Gabbott and Somogyi are described. The modifications allow easier and more rapid preparation of the sections for Golgi-impregnation and easier handling of large numbers of serial sections. The technique consists of placing a section that has been treated with @entity3734 and @entity24234 on a microscope slide and "sandwiching" it with a second microscope slide. The two slides are held together at one end by tape and the assembly is dipped into a solution of @entity7292 . Golgi-impregnation of neurons occurs within a few hours and is generally complete within 12 h. The technique has been applied to sections through the caudate nucleus of the cat and ferret in order to define the morphological characteristics of striatal @entity4757 - and @entity1853 enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons. Sections were first incubated to reveal the immunoreactive structures and then subjected to the Golgi method. Golgi-impregnated neurons that were immunoreactive for either @entity4757 or @entity1853 enkephalin had medium-size perikarya from which several dendrites emerged. The dendrites branched close to the perikaryon; secondary and higher order dendrites were densely laden with spines, as many as 15 spines per 10 microns of dendrite. It is concluded that both striatal @entity4757 -containing and @entity1853 enkephalin-containing neurons are of the medium-size densely spiny type. Medium-size densely spiny neurons may be homogeneous with respect to their somatodendritic morphology but heterogeneous with respect to their chemical characteristics and axonal morphology.

title: Characterization of XXXX - and [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons in the caudate nucleus of cat and ferret by a single section Golgi procedure.

entities_list: @entity3734 :: ('MESH:D009993', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium tetroxide']

entities_list: @entity24234 :: ('MESH:D011192', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dichromate']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

answer: @entity4757 :: (6863,Gene) :: ['substance P']


abstract: Forty-seven @entity1 presented with the diagnosis of a deep neck infection--either @entity2688 or @entity733 --between January 1991 and July 1996. Forty-four (94%) had contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging consistent with this diagnosis. Three @entity1 with no CT scan had confirmation of an @entity733 at surgical drainage. Parenteral antibiotics alone were effective in the treatment of 24 of 47 @entity281 (51%): seven parapharyngeal, one retropharyngeal, and 16 combined. By CT scan these @entity281 represented @entity2688 in 17 of 24 (71%), an @entity733 in three of 24 (13%), and incomplete @entity733 in four of 24 (17%). The average duration of hospitalization for this group was 4.8 days, with symptomatic improvement usually seen within 24 hours. Surgical drainage was performed on 23 of 47 @entity281 (49%): three parapharyngeal, 17 combined, and three of unknown specific location. In 22 of these 23 @entity1 (96%), transoral drainage of the @entity733 was used as the primary surgical approach. In 21 of these 22 (95%) there was complete resolution without complications or recurrence; one @entity733 required a subsequent external approach. CT scanning with contrast revealed that all @entity281 were located medial (usually anteromedial) to the great vessels. Abscesses with volumes estimated to be greater than 2000 mm3 were more likely to undergo surgery, but these differences were not statistically significant. The use of contrast-enhanced CT scanning provides information regarding @entity733 size, location, and relative position of the great vessels for safe and successful transoral drainage. Thus we recommend CT-assisted transoral drainage for combined retropharyngeal/parapharyngeal abscesses and selected isolated parapharyngeal abscesses that do not respond to parenteral antibiotics.

title: @entity281 in XXXX : a new approach to diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'deep neck infections']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The effect of the @entity2871 synthesis inhibitor @entity17073 on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and @entity644 was evaluated in a @entity35 model of unilateral @entity8 . Two and 24 hours following perfusion of kidneys with cationized human IgG and i.v. administration of anti-human IgG-antiserum (in situ ICGN), glomerular @entity7489 (TxB2) formation was significantly higher (2 hr: 448 +/- 116 pg/mg protein/min; 24 hr: 173 +/- 21 pg/mg protein/min) compared to control (C) kidneys (2 hr: 173 +/- 21 pg/mg protein/min, P less than 0.005; 24 hr: 154 +/- 17 pg/mg protein/min, P less than 0.025). Two and seven days after induction of ICGN these differences were no longer present. Pretreatment with the @entity2871 synthesis inhibitor @entity17073 prevented the decrease in GFR, which occurred two hours after induction of the @entity8 (without UK: 161 +/- 31; with UK 325 +/- 21 microliters/100 g body wt/min). This @entity17073 effect on GFR was no longer detectable at 24 hours, two days and seven days. Initiation of @entity8 was followed by significant @entity644 which averaged 250 +/- 85 mg/24 hr at day two. @entity17073 treatment, which reduced @entity3448 formation in isolated glomeruli by 90% did not influence @entity644 . These data demonstrate that induction of heterologous, in situ immune complex @entity631 stimulates glomerular @entity7489 formation, an effect which partially modulates the decrease in GFR at two hours. @entity2871 , however, does not seem to play a role in the mediation of @entity644 in this animal model.

title: Effect of @entity2871 synthesis inhibition in a model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['Thromboxane', 'thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular immune injury', 'membranous nephropathy', 'glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess whether the frequency of inducible @entity741 during stress-rest single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging ( @entity17123 ) has changed over time. BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity204 and other clinical @entity299 have declined in recent decades, but heretofore no study has examined if there has been a temporal change in the frequency of inducible @entity741 during cardiac stress testing. METHODS: We assessed 39,515 diagnostic @entity1 undergoing stress-rest @entity17123 between 1991 and 2009. @entity1 were assessed for change in demographics, clinical symptoms, risk factors, and frequency of abnormal and ischemic @entity17123 . RESULTS: There was a marked progressive decline in the prevalence of abnormal SPECT studies, from 40.9% in 1991 to 8.7% in 2009 (p < 0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of ischemic @entity17123 declined, from 29.6% to 5.0% (p < 0.001), as did the prevalence of severe @entity63 . The decline of @entity17123 abnormality occurred among all age and symptom subgroups, falling to only 2.9% among recent exercising @entity1 without @entity951 . We also noted a progressive trend toward performing more pharmacological rather than exercise stress in all age and weight groups, and pharmacological stress was more likely than exercise to be associated with @entity17123 abnormality (odds ratio: 1.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 1.5; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Over the past 2 decades, the frequency and severity of abnormal stress @entity17123 studies has progressively decreased. Notably, the frequency of abnormal @entity17123 is now very low among exercising @entity1 without @entity951 . These findings suggest the need for developing more cost-effective strategies for the initial work-up of @entity1 who are presently at low risk for manifesting inducible @entity741 during cardiac imaging procedures.

title: Temporal trends in the frequency of inducible XXXX during cardiac stress testing: 1991 to 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['typical angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that expression of @entity519 markers may be associated with response to antiangiogenic drugs. Thus, we aimed to identify predictors of @entity2240 outcome in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The expression of eight key proteins related to @entity519 ( @entity2030 , @entity7738 , @entity2032 , @entity7 , @entity6758 , @entity319 , @entity7802 and @entity3820 ) and P-glycoprotein were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 67 primary @entity1358 samples from prospectively recruited @entity1 treated with first-line @entity2240 . The proteins expression, @entity12226 inactivation and @entity24880 mRNA content were compared with the @entity1 ' response to @entity2240 . RESULTS: High expression of @entity2032 and @entity3820 was associated with better @entity2240 RECIST objective response (P = 0.024 and P = 0.026; respectively) and increased @entity7802 expression was associated with longer progression-free survival (P = 0.012). @entity7802 overexpression showed a negative correlation with @entity7802 polymorphism @entity41932 (P = 0.002), a @entity2240 resistance predictor. With respect to @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), high @entity7 was associated with short (P = 0.009) and @entity2032 with long (P = 0.048) survival times. High @entity24880 mRNA content was associated with shorter @entity1349 (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between several proteins involved in @entity519 and @entity2240 efficacy. In addition, low @entity7802 expression was associated with worse outcome and with @entity7802 @entity41932 variant allele, reinforcing @entity7802 as a marker of @entity2240 resistance.

title: Prospective study assessing @entity519 -related proteins as markers for the outcome of treatment with XXXX in advanced @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear-cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: The influence of liver biochemistry tests on @entity1259 pharmacokinetics has been investigated in 52 @entity1 with @entity0 , 27 of whom had radiologically proven liver metastases. @entity1 received @entity1259 12.5-120 mg m-2 given as an i.v. bolus. @entity1259 levels were measured by HPLC following the first cycle of treatment. @entity1259 elimination, expressed as clearance (dose/AUC), in the 22 @entity1 with normal @entity6571 and @entity648 was compared with that of 30 @entity1 with a raised @entity6571 +/- raised @entity648 . @entity1259 clearance was significantly reduced in the @entity1 with a raised @entity6571 , whether their serum @entity648 was normal (22 @entity1 ) or elevated (eight @entity1 ). In the 30 @entity1 with a raised @entity6571 +/- raised @entity648 , @entity1259 clearance correlated strongly with the level of @entity6571 (r = -0.72) but not with serum @entity648 , alkaline phosphatase, albumin or @entity1011 . Using a multiple regression analysis, @entity6571 was the only one of these biochemical variables predictive of @entity1259 clearance (r2 = 0.47, P = 0.0006). We conclude that a raised serum @entity6571 is a more sensitive and reliable measure of abnormal @entity1259 pharmacokinetics than increased @entity648 . These findings have implications for @entity4349 treatment in @entity1 with abnormal liver biochemistry.

title: Clinical pharmacokinetics of XXXX : the importance of liver biochemistry tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin', 'Epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: @entity694 is an unusual form of adynamic ileus that often mimics true @entity1321 and that, if not recognized and adequately treated, may be fatal. We have encountered three @entity1 in whom this syndrome followed apparently uncomplicated laminectomy for @entity890 or @entity612 . Two of our three @entity1 required abdominal exploration for diagnosis and treatment of the complication. At operation, a large distended colon without @entity3313 or @entity5 was found. Cecostomy was performed in both @entity1 . The third @entity1 was treated conservatively. All three @entity1 recovered without sequelae. The pathogenesis of the illness is unknown, but the most widely held view is that ileus results from increased sympathetic activity that inhibits the bowel. Conservative management consisting of correction of any fluid or electrolyte abnormalities, continuous gastric suction via nasogastric tube, and placement of a rectal tube may relieve the symptoms. @entity1 should, however, be followed carefully and, if distention of the cecum exceeds 12 cm, a decompressive operation is indicated.

title: XXXX complicating laminectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic ileus']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated disc']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colonic ileus']


abstract: The authors review 20 cases of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) including 3 newly reported cases. @entity1347 developed in areas of vascular distention in 2 of the latter cases: 1 in utero in the heart of a recipient of a twin transfusion syndrome and the other in the jejunum secondary to partial @entity432 . In the third case, it occurred in a @entity1 with @entity2407 . Characterizing @entity1347 are injurious and reparative lesions that occur in the media and/or at the adventitial medial junction. Four distinctive alterations are recognized: (1) mediolysis, (2) a tearing separation of the outer media from adventitia, (3) arterial gaps, and (4) a florid reparative response that replaces zones of mediolysis and fills areas of medial adventitial separation. The repair can transform @entity1347 into lesions indistinguishable from common types of @entity4267 ( @entity4631 .) A @entity2333 involving large and medium-sized veins accompanies @entity1347 . It features medial muscle vacuolar change with lysis leading to apparent separation of residual muscle bundles. Immunostaining shows @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) decorating adventitial capillaries in @entity1347 and neighboring arteries, in capillaries of adjoining tissues, and outlining smooth muscle cell membranes in adjacent veins including those of the @entity2333 . The significance of these changes is uncertain. @entity2553 is believed to cause @entity1347 , but @entity2232 is not the direct pressor agent responsible for this condition. The reason(s) for synthesis and release of @entity2232 in @entity1347 are still hypothetical, but local perturbations in vascular tone may be an important factor. @entity2232 may be indirectly play a role in @entity1347 by cross-talking and potentiating the activities of other vasoconstrictors such as @entity1063 and by orchestrating its reparative phase.

title: Segmental arterial mediolysis with accompanying @entity2333 : a clinical pathologic review, report of 3 new cases, and comments on the role of XXXX in its pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental arterial mediolysis', 'SAM']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ['Raynaud disease']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['venous angiopathy']

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']


abstract: This study systematically assesses the literature pertaining to the diagnostic test accuracy of assessment instruments to evaluate @entity1 following @entity173 surgery who present with @entity73 . A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Studies assessing the reliability, validity, sensitivity or specificity of assessment tools for @entity1 following @entity173 who were cognitively impaired were included. An assessment of published (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL, AMED, Cochrane library, PEDro) and unpublished/trial registry (OpenGrey, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Current Controlled Trials, the UK National Research Register Archive) databases were undertaken. Methodological quality of the literature was assessed using the QUADAS-2 appraisal tool. Nine studies including 690 @entity1 , with a mean age of 82.1 years were included. The literature demonstrated a high risk of bias for study methodology, but low risk of bias for applicability. Two assessment domains were recognized: @entity158 and @entity933 . For @entity158 , the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and DOLOPLUS-2 tools possessed strong inter-rater reliability and internal consistency, with the FACS demonstrating concurrent validity with other @entity158 scales. For @entity933 , the Delirium Rating Scale-Revisited-98 (DRS-R-98) demonstrated high inter-rater reliability and sensitivity and specificity, with the NEECHAM Confusion Scale possessing high internal consistency. To conclude, there is a paucity of literature assessing the reliability, validity and diagnostic test accuracy of instruments to assess @entity1 with @entity73 following @entity173 surgery. Based on the current available data, @entity933 may be best assessed using the NEECHAM Confusion Scale or DRS-R-98. @entity158 is most accurately evaluated using the FACS.

title: Assessment of XXXX with @entity73 and @entity173 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to chemotherapy is the major obstacle to overcome in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity43 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of drug resistance-associated proteins @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ), @entity11092 ( @entity11092 ), @entity7737 / @entity7737 ), and @entity30926 ( @entity30926 ) in @entity43 . Expression of @entity1262 , @entity11092 , @entity7737 , and @entity30926 was determined by immunohistochemistry of frozen tissue sections of 115 @entity43 @entity1 and related to clinicopathological factors, response to chemotherapy, and progression-free survival. @entity1262 expression was observed in 20 of 115 (17%), @entity11092 in 51 (44%), @entity7737 in 19 (16%), and @entity30926 in 85 (74%) @entity5 . Expression of @entity11092 was related to @entity7737 (P<0.0001) and @entity1262 (P<0.001) expression, whereas @entity30926 expression was more frequently observed in @entity1 with early stage (P<0.01), lower grade (P<0.05), and smaller @entity41 (P<0.05). Early stage (P<0.001), smaller @entity41 (P<0.001), and lower differentiation grade (P<0.05) were related to longer (progression-free) survival. @entity1262 , @entity11092 , @entity7737 , and @entity30926 expression were neither related to response to first-line chemotherapy in 59 evaluable @entity1 nor to progression-free survival in all @entity1 . On multivariate analysis, only stage and @entity41 were independent prognostic factors for survival. In conclusion, in @entity43 , @entity11092 expression is associated with @entity7737 and @entity1262 expression, whereas @entity30926 expression is associated with favorable clinicopathological characteristics. Assessment of @entity1262 , @entity11092 , @entity7737 , or @entity30926 does not allow prediction of response to chemotherapy or survival in @entity43 .

title: Drug resistance-associated markers XXXX , @entity7737 , and @entity30926 as prognostic factors in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['MRP1', 'multidrug resistance-associated protein 1']

entities_list: @entity30926 :: ('9961', 'Gene') :: ['LRP', 'lung resistance protein']

entities_list: @entity7737 :: ('1244', 'Gene') :: ['MRP2', 'canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (c-MOAT']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['P-glycoprotein']


abstract: Exposure of the respiratory tract to airborne particles (including metal-dusts and nano-particles) is considered as a serious health hazard. For a wide range of substances basic knowledge about the toxic properties and the underlying pathomechanisms is lacking or even completely missing. Legislation demands the toxicological characterization of all chemicals placed on the market until 2018 (REACH). As toxicological in vivo data are rare with regard to acute lung @entity137 or exhibit distinct limitations (e.g. inter-species differences) and legislation claims the reduction of animal experiments in general ("3R" principle), profound in vitro models have to be established and characterized to meet these requirements. In this paper we characterize a recently introduced advanced in vitro exposure system (Cultex   @entity4434 ) showing a great similarity to the physiological in vivo exposure situation for the assessment of @entity358 of airborne materials. Using the Cultex   @entity4434 , @entity1 lung epithelial cells (A549 cells) were exposed to different concentrations of airborne metal dusts (nano- and microscale particles) at the air-liquid-interface (ALI). Cell viability (WST-1 assay) as a parameter of @entity137 was assessed 24h after exposure with special focus on the intra- and inter-laboratory (three independent laboratories) reproducibility. Our results show the general applicability of the Cultex   @entity4434 with regard to the requirements of the ECVAM (European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods) principles on test validity underlining its robustness and stability. Intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility can be considered as sufficient if predefined quality criteria are respected. Special attention must be paid to the pure air controls that turned out to be a critical parameter for a rational interpretation of the results. Our results are encouraging and future work is planned to improve the inter-laboratory reproducibility, to consolidate the results so far and to develop a valid prediction model.

title: Use of the Cultex   Radial Flow System as an in vitro exposure method to assess XXXX of fine dusts and nanoparticles with special focus on the intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary toxicity']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ultrasonographic measurements of the combined thickness of the carotid intima and media can be used to examine early vessel wall changes in @entity731 . Premature @entity731 is common in @entity6 , especially when other risk factors are present. Intima-media thickness was quantified in @entity196 and type II @entity6 @entity1 , and relationships between various risk factors and intima-media thickness were investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity1723 and 56 with @entity2175 were examined, with an LDL @entity165 of > 2.6 mmol/l and/or @entity1674 of > 1.7 mmol/l and/or HDL @entity165 of < 0.9 mmol/l for @entity1 or < 1.1 mmol/l for @entity1 . Intima-media thickness was measured on-line, over a length of 1 cm in the common carotid artery. Later, the mean and the maximum of six measurements was calculated (left and right side, both in three directions). RESULTS: Mean intima-media thickness was 0.63 +/- 0.18 (+/-SD) mm for @entity1723 and 0.80 +/- 0.31 mm for @entity2175 . Adjusted for age, the difference was 0.06 mm, with a 95% CI of -0.08 to 0.20 mm. In multivariate regression analysis, age over 50 years and higher @entity4051 c were independently associated with an increase in mean intima-media thickness in @entity1723 . In @entity2175 , none of the variables reached a significance level of < or = 0.10. Results for maximum intima-media thickness were essentially the same. CONCLUSIONS: In general, intima-media thickness is larger in @entity2175 . The effect of age is absent in @entity2175 , whereas in @entity1723 , age and blood @entity413 control have an important effect on intima-media thickness.

title: Carotid intima-media thickness in @entity196 and type II XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes', 'type II diabetes than in type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemic type I']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ovarian @entity3 from cervical @entity5 are uncommon. In most cases, the primary site of cervix is known before the occurrence of @entity3 . We report a case of @entity420 presenting primarily as advanced @entity43 with the primary site totally silent. CASE REPORT: A 47-year old multiparous @entity1 presented to her local hospital with vague @entity490 for 2 months. Initial investigations with abdominal ultrasound and computerized tomography scan suggested right @entity42 . Her @entity10224 was 12 micro/ml (0-35). Right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed with the histologic diagnosis of @entity48 . Follow-up after 5 months showed a higher level of serum CA 125 (1,594 micro/ml) and a negative cervical smear. Exploratory laparotomy was done with the intent to progress to total abdominal hysterectomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy with @entity5 . Surprisingly, the histologic features of the specimen obtained at laparotomy were consistent with a moderately differentiated @entity420 with @entity3 to corpus uterus, ovaries, @entity5274 , omentum and @entity1143 . The final stage was @entity5 . Following this, the @entity1 was referred to medical oncologist for chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: @entity2622 should be suspected in any @entity1 presented with bilateral @entity43 and positive ascitic fluid cytology. Negative cervical smears do not exclude the possibility of primary @entity2622 .

title: Unusual presentation of cervical @entity5 as advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV cervical cancer', 'cancers', 'staging']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma', 'Cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['left fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['cervical adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Responses of 302 mitral/tufted (M/T) cells in the olfactory bulb were recorded from 42 anesthetized freely breathing @entity35 using a 16-channel microwire electrode array. Saturated vapors of four pure chemicals, @entity40137 , @entity23919 , @entity22529 and @entity36995 were applied. After aligning spike trains to the initial phase of the inhalation after odor onset, the responses of M/T cells showed transient temporal features including excitatory and inhibitory patterns. Both odor-evoked patterns indicated that mammals recognize odors within a short respiration cycle after odor stimulus. Due to the small amount of information received from a single cell, we pooled results from all responsive M/T cells to study the ensemble activity. The firing rates of the cell ensembles were computed over 100 ms bins and population vectors were constructed. The high dimension vectors were condensed into three dimensions for visualization using principal component analysis. The trajectories of both excitatory and inhibitory cell ensembles displayed strong dynamics during odor stimulation. The distances among cluster centers were enlarged compared to those of the resting state. Thus, we presumed that pictures of odor information sent to higher brain regions were depicted and odor discrimination was completed within the first breathing cycle.

title: Rapid odor perception in XXXX olfactory bulb by microelectrode array.

entities_list: @entity36995 :: ('MESH:C020377', 'Chemical') :: ['isoamyl acetate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ), also known as @entity4531 , is a sensory-motor @entity16 with a circadian component. @entity4531 is characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the extremities, generally at night or during sleep, which often leads to an uncontrollable urge to move them for relief. Recently, genomic studies identified single- @entity377 polymorphisms in @entity37087 , along with three other genes, as being associated with a higher risk of @entity4531 . Little is known about the function of @entity37087 or its potential role in the pathophysiology of @entity4531 . We therefore examined a line of @entity37087 mutant @entity19 we recently generated for phenotypes similar to symptoms found in @entity4531 @entity1 . We observed that the @entity37087 mutant @entity19 had motor restlessness, sensory alterations likely limited to the rest phase, and decreased sleep and increased wake times during the rest phase. Additionally, the @entity37087 mutant @entity19 had altered serum @entity68 levels and @entity1154 neurotransmitter systems. Furthermore, the sensory alterations in the @entity37087 mutant @entity19 were relieved using @entity25049 , a dopaminergic agonist widely used for @entity4531 treatment. These results, taken together, suggest that the @entity37087 mutant @entity19 model several characteristics similar to @entity4531 and would therefore be the first genotypic @entity19 model of @entity4531 . Furthermore, our data provide further evidence that @entity37087 is involved in @entity4531 , and future studies of the @entity37087 mutant @entity19 will help shine light on its role in the pathophysiology of @entity4531 . Finally, our data argue for the utility of @entity37087 mutant @entity19 to discover and screen novel therapeutics for @entity4531 .

title: Motor restlessness, sleep disturbances, thermal sensory alterations and elevated serum @entity68 levels in @entity37087 mutant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['ropinirole']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['RLS', 'Willis-Ekbom disease', 'Restless legs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: New-onset @entity337 ( @entity337 ) can be encountered after instituting mechanical circulatory support and seems more common and severe with @entity450 ( @entity450 ) left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) compared with pulsatile devices. Treatment algorithms for de novo, post-LVAD @entity337 have not been well defined. In the present report, we have described 6 @entity1 who underwent aortic valve surgery for new-onset post-LVAD @entity337 . METHODS: From 2005 to 2011, 271 @entity1 underwent LVAD implantation. Of these LVADs, 225 were @entity450 devices (203 HeartMate II devices, Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, @entity2948 ; and 22 HVAD devices, HeartWare @entity37462 , Inc, Framingham, Mass). The @entity1 were examined for new-onset severe @entity337 requiring surgical intervention. RESULTS: During follow-up, 6 @entity450 LVAD @entity1 developed new, severe @entity337 that was accompanied by @entity712 . After medical therapy had failed, 4 @entity1 underwent redo sternotomy for aortic valve procedures (1 bioprosthetic valve replacement, 1 Dacron patch closure, and 2 aortic valve repairs), and 2 @entity1 underwent transcatheter aortic valve procedure, with 1 requiring revision by open surgery for aortic valve replacement. Of the 6 @entity1 , 5 experienced significant improvement in functional capacity and symptoms. One @entity1 died postoperatively secondary to multiorgan @entity177 and @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of post-LVAD @entity337 with aortic valve oversewing or leaflet repair or by bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement is effective at restoring functional capacity for @entity450 LVAD @entity1 who develop symptomatic, severe @entity337 and can be performed safely with good results. Various transcatheter approaches to these  difficult problems are also available and offer less invasive alternatives to conventional surgery.

title: Surgical correction of XXXX after left ventricular assist device implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['continuous flow', 'CF']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AI', 'aortic insufficiency']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic valve insufficiency']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Our purpose was to study the association between the intracranial arterial @entity730 observed on head CT and brain @entity1188 demonstrated by MRI in @entity1 presenting with @entity64 . METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective study which included 65 consecutive @entity1 presenting acutely who had both head CT and MRI. Arterial @entity730 of the vertebrobasilar system and the intracranial cavernous carotid arteries ( @entity729 , ICAC) were assigned a number (1 to 4) in the bone window images from CT scans. These four groups were then combined into high @entity460 (grades 3 and 4) and low @entity460 (grades 1 and 2) subgroups. Brain MRI was independently evaluated to identify acute and chronic @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) and @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ). The relationship between ICAC and @entity1188 was evaluated before and after adjusting for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Statistical analysis could not be performed for the vertebrobasilar system due to an insufficient number of @entity1 in the high @entity460 group. Of the 65 @entity1 , 46 (71%) had a high ICAC grade on head CT. They were older and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Acute @entity1188 (P = 0.006), chronic @entity1188 (P = 0.006) and acute @entity1188 (P = 0.04) were associated with a high ICAC grade. After adjustment for age and other risk factors, only acute @entity1188 was associated with a high ICAC grade (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Although age emerged as the most important determinant of @entity63 cerebral changes, there were rather complex interactions among multiple risk factors with different @entity1188 . A high ICAC grade demonstrated a correlation with acute @entity1188 in our @entity1 independent of these risk factors.

title: Intracranial carotid artery calcification on head CT and its association with XXXX changes on brain MRI in @entity1 presenting with @entity64 -like symptoms: retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke symptoms']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['large-vessel infarcts', 'LVI', 'infarct types', 'infarcts', 'SVI', 'small-vessel infarcts']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial carotid artery calcification']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the change in the use of medication after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and discuss its possible impact on risk and risk indicators for @entity204 . @entity1 : All @entity1 discharged alive after hospitalization for @entity583 at Sahlgrenska Hospital (covering half the community of G  teborg, i.e. 250,000 of 500,000 inhabitants) during 1986-1987 (period I) and at Sahlgrenska Hospital and Ostra Hospital (covering the whole community of G  teborg, 500,000 inhabitants) during 1990-1991 (period II). METHODS: Overall mortality was retrospectively evaluated during 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: In all, 740 @entity1 were included in the study during period I and 1448 during period II. The 5-year mortalities were 44.1% for period I @entity1 and 39.3% for period II @entity1 (P = 0.036). The relative risk of @entity204 for period II @entity1 was 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.89, P = 0.0005] after adjustment for differences at baseline. There was a significant interaction with a history of @entity712 ; improvement in duration of survival was found only for @entity1 without such a history. During period I, only 3% of @entity1 were administered fibrinolytic agents, compared with 33% of @entity1 during period II (P < 0.0001). During period I, @entity117 was prescribed for 13% of @entity1 discharged from hospital compared with 79% during period II. Other changes in treatment on going from period I to period II included increases in prescription of beta-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. After adjustment for various risk indicators for @entity204 , relative risk of @entity204 for those administered fibrinolytic agents was 0.60 (95% CI 0.18-2.02) for @entity1 in the period-I cohort and 0.68% (95% CI 0.51-0.91) for those in the period-II cohort. Adjusted relative risk of @entity204 for those prescribed @entity117 upon discharge from hospital was 0.81 (95% CI 0.52-1.25) for period-I @entity1 and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56-0.91) for period-II @entity1 . The adjusted relative risk of @entity204 for those administered beta-blockers was 0.72 (95% CI 0.55-0.96) for period-I @entity1 and 0.70 (95% CI 0.55-0.90) for period-II @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Increased use of fibrinolytic agents and @entity117 for @entity583 as well as a moderate increase in use of beta-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors was associated with a parallel reduction in age-adjusted mortality during the 5 years after discharge from hospital. However, this improvement was seen only for @entity1 without histories of @entity712 .

title: Changes in the use of medications after XXXX : possible impact on mortality after @entity583 and long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The aim of our study was to evaluate the severity of @entity409 in @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) @entity1 , by means of Transient Elastography (TE), using prespecified cut-off values of @entity409 ( @entity409 ) measurements. @entity1 AND METHODS: Our retrospective study included 478 @entity7936 @entity1 . Ten @entity409 measurements were performed in each @entity1 by means of TE, by using a standard M-probe. A median value expressed in kilopascals (kPa) was calculated. Reliable measurements were defined as: median value of 10 @entity409 measurements with a success rate (SR) >/= 60% and an interquartile range (IQR) <30%. @entity1 were divided into 3 categories using prespecified TE cut-offs for @entity409 : <7.9kPa (absence of severe @entity82 ); values ranging between 7.9 kPa and 9.6 kPa ("gray zone" in which biopsy is recommended); and > 9.6kPa (severe @entity82 ). RESULTS: Reliable measurements were obtained in 81.6% of @entity7936 @entity1 . Female gender, older age and higher BMI were associated with an impossibility to obtain reliable TE measurements. Three hundred and ninety @entity1 with reliable @entity409 measurements were included in the final analysis. Of those, 70.8% had no severe @entity82 , 10.8% were in the "gray zone" in which biopsy is recommended and 18.5% had severe @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: In 81.6% of our @entity7936 @entity1 we were able to obtain reliable @entity409 measurements by means of TE, using a standard M-probe. In our study, approximately 30% of @entity7936 @entity1 had @entity409 measurements compatible with severe @entity82 and should be evaluated for urgent measures to prevent disease progression.

title: Can transient elastography be a reliable method for assessing liver fibrosis in non XXXX ( @entity7936 )?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver stiffness', 'LS', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

answer: @entity7936 :: (MESH:D005235,Disease) :: ['alcoholic steatohepatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate compliance of amblyopic @entity1 to patching, and to identify reasons of poor compliance and suggest methods to overcome the problem. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study that included 37 families with a @entity1 diagnosed with unilateral @entity4457 (age range 3-16  years) and attending the Pediatrics Ophthalmology clinic at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital (a tertiary eye hospital). Data were collected through interviews and from hospital charts. In the interviews we asked questions that sought information with regard to four aspects (domains); knowledge, attitude, insight and community's effect. A score representing each domain was given to every family then we correlated these scores with family's compliance percentage. RESULTS: When correlated with compliance, the insight and attitude domains showed a statistically significant correlation; p-value 0.002 and 0.004, respectively. However, the knowledge and community's effect domains were not; p-value 0.084 and 0.114, respectively. Other qualitative factors affecting compliance were identified with open questions. Quotes from families of what they think can improve compliance are shown. CONCLUSION: To improve compliance, merely educating @entity1 is not sufficient and more efforts should be undertaken toward ensuring true sense of the problem and its impact. Factors affecting compliance due to the physical properties in the patch itself should be addressed too (heat, @entity146 , poor adhesive material and design).

title: Compliance to patching in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate strategies for designing compensator-based 3D proton treatment plans for @entity2 using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) images. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four-dimensional CT sets for 10 @entity2 @entity1 were used in this study. The internal gross @entity5 volume (IGTV) was obtained by combining the @entity5 volumes at different phases of the respiratory cycle. For each @entity1 , we evaluated four planning strategies based on the following dose calculations: (1) the average (AVE) CT; (2) the free-breathing (FB) CT; (3) the maximum intensity projection (MIP) CT; and (4) the AVE CT in which the CT voxel values inside the IGTV were replaced by a constant density (AVE_RIGTV). For each strategy, the resulting cumulative dose distribution in a respiratory cycle was determined using a deformable image registration method. RESULTS: There were dosimetric differences between the apparent dose distribution, calculated on a single CT dataset, and the motion-corrected 4D dose distribution, calculated by combining dose distributions delivered to each phase of the 4DCT. The AVE_RIGTV plan using a 1-cm smearing parameter had the best overall target coverage and critical structure sparing. The MIP plan approach resulted in an unnecessarily large treatment volume. The AVE and FB plans using 1-cm smearing did not provide adequate 4D target coverage in all @entity1 . By using a larger smearing value, adequate 4D target coverage could be achieved; however, critical organ doses were increased. CONCLUSION: The AVE_RIGTV approach is an effective strategy for designing proton treatment plans for @entity2 .

title: 4D Proton treatment planning strategy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['mobile lung tumors', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['mobile lung tumors']