abstract: The measurement of specific IgE antibodies has progressed so that highly reproducible, accurate, and quality-controlled tests are available [62]. These tests can certainly assist all physicians in evaluating @entity56 and are likely to be used widely in the future. Continued research is allowing the refinement of these tests as well as increasing the understanding of allergens and @entity56 . In vitro testing techniques are major assets to @entity566 care. Either in vitro or skin methods are appropriate modalities for the diagnosis of @entity2023 [45]. When the merits of the @entity566 skin test and in vitro tests for diagnosis of specific allergens are compared, the following statements are considered to be correct at this time: 1. Optimally performed skin tests and in vitro tests detect IgE E antibody accurately and reproducibly. 2. Results of both tests correlate equally well with @entity56 signs and symptoms produced by exposure to the specifically tested allergen. 3. Both tests can be used as grounds for instituting avoidance therapy and immunotherapy efficiently and economically.

title: In vitro testing for XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic problems', 'allergic disease', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: During the period January 1975-October 1987, we performed stereotactic ventriculocisternostomy (V.C.S.) on 23 @entity1 (13 M., 10 F.; age: 11-73 years, m: 33). Sometimes used as an isolated therapeutic procedure, V.C.S. may also follow stereotactic biopsies using Talairach's methodology. Serial stereotactic biopsies were performed in 15 out of 23 @entity1 showing 11 tumoral lesion, two arachno  dal cysts and two @entity1462 . Eight @entity1 presented with an isolated @entity1276 . Among the 12 non tumoral @entity1 , seven had very large triventricular @entity1276 (6 with a retroclival dilatation of the third ventricle) and 5 showed significant dilatation. Of the 11 tumoral @entity1 , 7 had significant @entity2554 (1 with a protrusion of the floor of the third ventricle) and 4 with modest dilation. V.C.S. is done by creating an opening (diameter: 5-6 mm) in the floor of third ventricle with a fine forceps introduced through a tubular guide (diameter: 2.45 mm). The percutaneous double oblique transfrontal trajectory (drill-hole: 2.5 mm of diameter) passing through the foramina of Monro, avoids superficial and deep vessels visualised on the previous Stereoscopic Tele-Angiographic and Ventriculographic study. A systematic verification of the V.C.S. patency is made intraoperatively by injection of @entity1496 contrast medium into the third ventricle. RESULTS: (non tumoral @entity1 : 12) (m follow-up: 4 years): two @entity1 needed a ventricular shunt after 3 and 1 months respectively, the first one because of an associated communicant @entity1276 , the second because of a post-operative @entity693 . Long-term clinical and CT-Scan follow-up showed that complete resolution (7 cases) or partial (2 cases) improvement of symptoms and signs was not accompanied by normalization of ventricular size, even though the dilatation was significantly reduced in 8 cases and to a lesser extent in 2. RESULTS: (tumoral @entity1 : 11) (m follow-up: 3 years). @entity1276 was reduced in 6 cases and remained unchanged in 5. Two @entity1 needed a ventricular shunt 2 years after the V.C.S.: 1 @entity1 , because of a tumoral recurrence involving the region of the fenestration, the second @entity1 because of @entity2443 following reoperation for suspicion of recurrence, though this was found to be @entity32 . Two @entity1 died as a result of their @entity5 at 2 and 6 years. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic V.C.S. is the treatment of choice for @entity1276 even when there is no retroclival dilatation of the floor of the third ventricle.

title: [Stereotaxic ventriculocisternostomy in the treatment of XXXX . Apropos of 23 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'triventricular obstructive hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus', 'aqueductal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal infection']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['cryptic vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['triventricular obstructive hydrocephalus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between perfusion parameters on MRI performed before treatment and survival outcome (disease-free survival [DFS], @entity66 [ @entity66 ]) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one @entity1 (median age, 50 years; age range, 27-77 years) with @entity0 ( @entity5 size on MRI: median, 25.5 mm; range, 11.0-142.0 mm) were included. We analyzed clinical and pathologic variables and MRI parameters. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations with survival outcome. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 46.1 months (range, 13.9-58.4 months). Eleven of 61 (18.0%) @entity1 had events (i.e., local, regional, or distant recurrence or @entity0 ) and seven (11.5%) died of @entity0 . Among the pretreatment variables, a larger @entity5 size on MR images (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.024, p = 0.003) was associated with worse DFS at univariate analysis. In multivariate pretreatment models for @entity66 , a higher fractional volume of extravascular extracellular space per unit volume of tissue (ve) value (HR = 1.658, p = 0.038), higher peak enhancement (HR = 1.843, p = 0.018), and a larger @entity5 size on MR images (HR = 1.060, p = 0.001) were associated with worse @entity66 . In multivariate posttreatment models, a larger pathologic @entity5 size (HR for DFS, 1.074 [p = 0.005]; HR for @entity66 , 1.050 [p = 0.042]) and @entity3 in surgically resected axillary lymph nodes (HR for DFS, 5.789 [p = 0.017]; HR for @entity66 , 23.717 [p = 0.005]) were associated with worse survival outcome. CONCLUSION: A higher ve value, higher peak enhancement, and larger @entity5 size of the @entity5 on pretreatment MRI were independent predictors of worse @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Perfusion Parameters on Breast Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Are Associated With Disease-Specific Survival in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral breast cancer', 'triple-negative breast cancer', 'TNBC', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Triple-Negative Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing nosocomial pathogen resistance to available antimicrobial agents is of growing concern. While higher MICs can diminish antimicrobial effectiveness, dose adjustments often mitigate this effect. This study's objective was to ascertain whether MICs among major pathogens in the ICU to several commonly used agents have increased enough to significantly impact their ability to achieve bactericidal effect. METHODS: @entity6944 , @entity2756 , @entity2892 and @entity3400 - @entity7120 MICs were determined with 74,394 Gram-negative bacilli obtained from ICU @entity1 with various infections in the US between 1993 and 2004. Results were grouped into four 3-year periods. The predicted cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was estimated based on @entity1 -derived pharmacokinetic values and Monte Carlo simulation. Trends in CFR over the four study periods were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage test. The primary analysis included all organisms combined; @entity796 and Acinetobacter species were also evaluated individually. RESULTS: In the primary analysis, @entity2892 500 mg q6h showed CFRs from 87% to 90% across all four study periods, with a trend toward slightly improved bactericidal target attainment (p < 0.01). CFRs for @entity6944 2 g q12h and @entity3400 - @entity7120 4.5 g q6h both declined by 2% (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), reflecting upward shifts in the underlying MIC distributions. @entity2756 had <52% CFR for all regimens in all periods, with no significant trend. Against @entity796 , significant declines in CFR were seen for (range, p-value): @entity2892 1 g q8h (82%-79%, p < 0.01), @entity6944 1 g q12h (70%-67%, p < 0.01), @entity6944 2 g q12h (84%-82%, p < 0.05), @entity3400 - @entity7120 3.375 g q6h (76%-73%, p < 0.01), @entity3400 - @entity7120 4.5 g q8h (71%-68%, p < 0.01), and @entity3400 - @entity7120 4.5 g q6h (80%-77%, p < .01). Against Acinetobacter spp., all regimens of @entity2892 , @entity6944 and @entity3400 - @entity7120 showed significant declines in CFR over time (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our observations suggest that as a result of increasing antimicrobial resistance among ICU pathogens in the US, drug effectiveness, assessed as a function of individual agents' ability to attain pharmacodynamic targets, has declined, especially with @entity796 and Acinetobacter spp. @entity6944 2 g q8h and @entity2892 were the most potent agents against these species, respectively. More aggressive dosing of all of the agents characterized could preserve their clinical utility, but this must be balanced with safety and tolerability issues by the physician.

title: A pharmacodynamic analysis of resistance trends in pathogens from XXXX with infection in intensive care units in the United States between 1993 and 2004.

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefepime', 'cefepime']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of @entity2520 in an adult population and to further characterize the extent and severity of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 700 randomly selected individuals reporting to out @entity1 department of dental college and hospital. Demographic details and lifestyle characteristics of the all the subjects were recorded and a thorough oral examination was performed. In order to evaluate the periodontal status of subjects, five indices (CAL, @entity1726 , OHI, PI and GI) were assessed and subjects having at least one site with clinical @entity6730 (CAL) >= 3mm were diagnosed as having @entity2521 . Further, to analyse the extent of disease, subjects having @entity2521 were divided into two groups as having at least one site with CAL >= 5mm and having at least three sites with CAL >= 5mm. RESULTS: RESULTS showed that there was a high prevalence of @entity2521 amongst population with almost 72% of the individuals having at least one site with CAL >= 3mm. A trend was noted in which periodontal status worsened as the age increased. Analysing the extent and severity of disease amongst the population, results revealed that almost 41% of population had at least one site with CAL >= 5mm whereas almost 21% of individuals had at least three sites with CAL >= 5mm. CONCLUSION: Present study provides with evidence of high prevalence of @entity2520 amongst the population. Importantly, this study also unveils the lack of awareness for dental health amidst the population.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and characterization of its extent and severity in an adult population - an observational study.

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prolonged exposure to @entity871 leads to @entity647 . Alveolar type II cells are main target of @entity871 -induced @entity651 . However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of @entity36605 ( @entity36605 ) in @entity871 -induced @entity651 . Using experimental @entity871 -induced @entity651 model of neonatal @entity35 and @entity19 lung epithelial type II cells (MLE-12), we examined the levels of @entity36605 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in the supernatants of @entity19 cells. Our results revealed that exogenous @entity36605 induced @entity871 -induced @entity651 . Furthermore, @entity36605 triggered a shift of @entity12852 from insoluble to soluble cell fraction, similar to the observation under @entity871 stimulation. Moreover, we observed significantly reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and increased permeability in @entity19 cells treated with @entity36605 . These results suggest that @entity36605 triggers focal adhesion disassembly in alveolar type II cells via inhibiting the activation of focal adhesion kinase. Our findings reveal a novel role of @entity36605 in @entity871 -induced @entity651 and provide a potential target for the management of @entity871 -induced @entity647 . Copyright    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The role of placenta growth factor in the XXXX -induced @entity647 in an animal model.

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity36605 :: ('18654(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PLGF', 'placental growth factor']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity871 :: (MESH:D018496,Disease) :: ['hyperoxia']


abstract: Ischemic @entity339 contributes to poor survival in @entity1 with @entity712 . The intermediate-term outcome of mitral reconstruction in 15 @entity1 who had @entity384 with @entity339 requiring surgical intervention was studied. They underwent mitral valve repair along with coronary artery bypass surgery. The mitral valve coaptation depth was considered an important parameter in deciding on repair. Ages ranged from 43 to 72 years. Left ventricular ejection fractions were 15-38% (mean, 26.5% +/- 4.3%). The operative technique in all 15 @entity1 was posterior annuloplasty using Dacron felt. At a mean follow-up of 4.6 +/- 1.2 months (1-8 months), postoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed mild @entity339 in 2 @entity1 and none in 13. There was a significant improvement in New York Heart Association functional class from 3.9 +/- 1.1 to 1.9 +/- 0.3. Mitral valve repair by posterior felt annuloplasty provides favorable results in the intermediate-term in selected @entity1 with @entity296 and severe @entity1002 .

title: Mitral valve repair for ischemic @entity339 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the third most common cause of death in Iran. The @entity1820 are the most frequent @entity5 among Iranian males and second to @entity0 among females. The objective of this study was to provide accurate up-to-date epidemiological information of hospitalized @entity1 with GI tract @entity5 in Iran. METHODS: This study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional survey included all consecutive @entity5 @entity1 admitted over a one year period in a randomly selected hospital group located in metropolitan Tehran in 2006. Residence, age, sex, type of @entity5 and length of hospitalization were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2,674 GI tract @entity5 @entity1 were included in the study, There were 1,616 @entity1 (60.4%) and 1,058 @entity1 (39.6%). The majority of @entity5 were in the colorectum (40.0%), followed by the stomach (34.5%) and the esophagus (17.1%). The mean hospitalized durations were 7.5-/+6.5 days for @entity1 and 7.2-/+8.1 days for @entity1 . Male @entity1 were significantly older than the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: By considering the hospitalized GI tract @entity5 and majority cases of @entity14 , prevention programs like as @entity14 screening should be going on in order to reducing morbidity and incidence rates in a high-risk population for GI tract @entity5 .

title: Burden of hospitalization for @entity1820 XXXX - Results from a cross-sectional study in Tehran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GI cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. The @entity8304 -containing compounds @entity9880 and @entity14449 , endogenous to skeletal and cardiac muscle, have been tested for effect on the contractile behaviour of chemically skinned (saponin or @entity6000 ) skeletal and cardiac muscle. 2. @entity9880 , at millimolar concentrations which are near physiological for many skeletal fibres, and in a concentration-dependent fashion, shifts the curve relating [ @entity141 ] to steady-state tension to lower [ @entity141 ] in both skeletal (frog but not crab) and cardiac ( @entity35 ) muscle preparations. 3. Of other @entity23411 endogenous to heart, @entity14449 is somewhat more effective, while @entity49908 is much less so. 4. The maximum level of @entity141 -activated force is increased significantly by @entity14449 in cardiac trabeculae. 5. We propose that the cellular @entity23411 related to @entity9880 are natural ' @entity141 sensitizers' in striated muscle. Alterations in their levels as a result of disease or training, and between different fibre types, may contribute to differences in contractile performance of the intact tissues.

title: Calcium sensitizing action of XXXX and other endogenous @entity23411 in chemically skinned striated muscle.

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity14449 :: ('MESH:C005038', 'Chemical') :: ['homocarnosine']

entities_list: @entity9880 :: ('MESH:D002336', 'Chemical') :: ['Carnosine', 'carnosine']

entities_list: @entity23411 :: ('MESH:D007093', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoles']

entities_list: @entity49908 :: ('CHEBI:16437', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl L-histidine']

answer: @entity9880 :: (MESH:D002336,Chemical) :: ['carnosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity28 is considered a public health problem worldwide. @entity3724 , a selective @entity3229 ( @entity3229 ) agonist, elicits @entity353 in animal models. This study aimed to examine the effects of @entity3724 on energy expenditure, body mass (BM) and gene expression of thermogenic factors in brown adipose tissue of diet-induced @entity28 @entity19 . Male C57BL/6 @entity19 were fed a standard chow (SC; 10% lipids) diet or a high-fat (HF; 50% lipids) diet for 10   weeks. Afterwards, groups were subdivided as SC, SC-F, HF and HF-F (n   =   10, each). Treatment with @entity3724 (100   mg   kg(-1) BM mixed into the diet) lasted 5   weeks. Treated groups had reduced final BM compared with their counterparts (p   <   0  05), explained by the increase in energy expenditure, @entity3158 production and @entity3612 consumption after treatment with @entity3724 (p   <   0  05). Similarly, genes involved in thermogenesis as @entity3229 , @entity22065 , mitochondrial transcription factor A ( @entity27312 ), PR domain containing 16 ( @entity10350 ), b-3 adrenergic receptor (b3-AR), @entity32207 and uncoupling protein 1 were significantly expressed in brown adipocytes after the treatment (p   <   0  05). All observations ensure that selective @entity3229 agonist can induce thermogenesis by increasing energy expenditure and enhancing the expression of genes involved in the thermogenic pathway. These results suggest @entity3724 as a coadjutant drug for the treatment of @entity28 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: XXXX agonist elicits metabolically active brown adipocytes and @entity353 in diet-induced @entity28 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate', 'Fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity3229 :: ('19013(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a', 'PPAR-a']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity22065 :: ('18181(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PPAR-y coactivator 1a, nuclear respiratory factor 1']

entities_list: @entity32207 :: ('12164(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein 8B']

answer: @entity3229 :: (19013(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PPAR-a']


abstract: Primary cultures of @entity1573 embryo hepatocytes are known to maintain their initial level of cytochrome P-450 for a number of days. To explore the possibilities of @entity1573 embryo hepatocyte cultures as a tool in drug metabolism, induction profiles of cytochrome P-450 were determined and the metabolism of @entity3014 as a model substrate was studied. Maximum induction by @entity109 and @entity14774 is reached after 21 h and 18 h, respectively, both in the presence and absence of serum. For @entity11423 induction is maximal after 31 h in the presence and 43 h in the absence of serum. The levels of P-450 after induction are comparable to those found in vivo in @entity35 : increases of 200% for @entity109 , 200% for @entity11423 and 210% for @entity14774 . @entity12533 -O-deethylase activities are induced by @entity11423 and @entity14774 , but as expected only slightly by @entity109 . In the absence of serum in the culture medium, for the control as well as the induced cells a plateau of activity is maintained for at least 24 h. In the presence of serum a decline in P-450 levels is observed. Especially in the case of @entity54457 , an increase in @entity7170 content of 320% of control values is seen at the same time. A number of representative metabolites of @entity3014 were quantitated during a 4-h incubation. Relative amounts are comparable to those observed with @entity35 liver microsomes. As expected, @entity11423 and Aroclor induce the rate of metabolism (by 500% and 400%, respectively, in the absence of serum), but @entity109 has no or very little effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Oxidative biotransformation in primary cultures of @entity1573 embryo hepatocytes: induction of cytochrome P-450 and the metabolism of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11423 :: ('MESH:D019324', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-naphthoflavone']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity12533 :: ('CHEBI:34480', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethoxyresorufin']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']


abstract: @entity12353 are implicated in appetite and body weight regulation. In rodents, @entity9393 stimulates eating by actions at central @entity13677 receptors, and hypothalamic endocannabinoids may be under the negative control of leptin. However, changes to brain endocannabinoid levels in direct relation to feeding or changing nutritional status have not been investigated. We measured @entity9393 and @entity9394 ( @entity14512 ) levels in feeding-associated brain regions of @entity35 , during fasting, feeding of a palatable food, or after satiation. Endocannabinoid levels were compared to those in @entity35 fed ad libitum, at a point in their daily cycle when motivation to eat was absent. Fasting increased levels of @entity9393 and 2-AG in the limbic forebrain and, to a lesser extent, of 2-AG in the hypothalamus. By contrast, hypothalamic 2-AG declined as animals ate. No changes were detected in satiated @entity35 . Endocannabinoid levels in the cerebellum, a control region not directly involved in the control of food intake, were unaffected by any manipulation. As 2-AG was most sensitive to variation during feeding, and to leptin regulation in a previous study, we examined the behavioural effects of @entity14512 when injected into the nucleus accumbens shell, a limbic forebrain area strongly linked to eating motivation. 2-AG potently, and dose-dependently, stimulated feeding. This effect was attenuated by the @entity13677 receptor antagonist @entity351 . These findings provide the first direct evidence of altered brain levels of endocannabinoids, and of 2-AG in particular, during fasting and feeding. The nature of these effects supports a role for endocannabinoids in the control of appetitive motivation.

title: XXXX levels in @entity35 limbic forebrain and hypothalamus in relation to fasting, feeding and satiation: stimulation of eating by @entity9394 .

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonoyl glycerol']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide']

entities_list: @entity12353 :: ('MESH:D063388', 'Chemical') :: ['Endocannabinoids']

answer: @entity12353 :: (MESH:D063388,Chemical) :: ['Endocannabinoid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb), hRS7, labeled with 131I-IMP-R4, was evaluated for the preclinical radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) of @entity0 . 131I-IMP-R4 is an improved residualizing form of 131I that overcomes the @entity5 residence time associated with conventionally radioiodinated MAbs. RS7, an internalizing MAb, recognizes epithelial glycoprotein-1, which is highly expressed in the @entity189 of breast, lung, ovary, and prostate. METHODS: A humanized version of RS7 was generated by CDR-grafting and transfection. In vivo experiments were carried out in @entity19 bearing subcutaneous MDA-MB-468 @entity1 @entity0 xenografts. Therapy experiments were performed using established @entity5 with mean @entity5 volume (MTV) of 0.3 cm3, and single administrations, at approximately 70% of the estimated maximum tolerated doses (MTD), of the residualizing 131I-IMP-R4-hRS7 and 131I-hRS7 prepared by the conventional @entity8013 -T method [131I-hRS7 (CT)]. Therapeutic specificity was determined by comparison with untreated and non-specific MAb controls. RESULTS: hRS7 was functionally very similar to @entity19 and chimeric RS7. A biodistribution study using 125I-IMP-R4-hRS7 and 131I-hRS7 (CT) indicated a dosimetric advantage for the former. The MTVs 8 weeks post-treatment were 20, 163, and 280% of the starting MTVs of 131I-IMP-R4-hRS7-treated, 131I-hRS7 (CT)-treated, and untreated groups, respectively. Complete remissions were seen in 5 of 11 [and 6 of 8] @entity19 treated with 131I-IMP-R4-hRS7, and in 1 of 11 @entity19 treated with 131I-hRS7(CT). 131I-IMP-R4-hRS7 was significantly more efficacious than 131I-hRS7 (CT) [ P = 0.01 for AUC] and the control 131I-IMP-R4-MAb. CONCLUSION: 131I-IMP-R4-hRS7 is a promising new agent for RAIT, providing significant therapeutic advantage in comparison to the conventionally 131I-labeled antibody.

title: Preclinical therapy of XXXX with a radioiodinated humanized anti-EGP-1 monoclonal antibody: advantage of a residualizing iodine radiolabel.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'short tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity8013 :: ('MESH:C030816', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The web-based systems available for multi-centre clinical trials do not combine clinical data collection (Electronic Health Records, EHRs) with signal processing storage and analysis tools. However, in pathophysiological research, the correlation between clinical data and signals is crucial for uncovering the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. A specific example is the investigation of the mechanisms of action for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) used for @entity191 ( @entity191 ); the neurosignals recorded from the DBS target structure and clinical data must be investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is the development and testing of a new system dedicated to a multi-centre study of @entity191 that integrates biosignal analysis tools and data collection in a shared and secure environment. METHODS: We designed a web-based platform (WebBioBank) for managing the clinical data and biosignals of @entity191 @entity1 treated with DBS in different clinical research centres. Homogeneous data collection was ensured in the different centres (Operative Units, OUs). The anonymity of the data was preserved using unique identifiers associated with @entity1 (ID BAC). The @entity1 ' personal details and their equivalent ID BACs were archived inside the corresponding OU and were not uploaded on the web-based platform; data sharing occurred using the ID BACs. The system allowed researchers to upload different signal processing functions (in a .dll extension) onto the web-based platform and to combine them to define dedicated algorithms. RESULTS: Four clinical research centres used WebBioBank for 1year. The clinical data from 58 @entity1 treated using DBS were managed, and 186 biosignals were uploaded and classified into 4 categories based on the treatment (pharmacological and/or electrical). The user's satisfaction mean score exceeded the satisfaction threshold. CONCLUSIONS: WebBioBank enabled anonymous data sharing for a clinical study conducted at multiple centres and demonstrated the capabilities of the signal processing chain configuration as well as its effectiveness and efficiency for integrating the neurophysiological results with clinical data in multi-centre studies, which will allow the future collection of homogeneous data in large cohorts of @entity1 .

title: WebBioBank: A new platform for integrating clinical forms and shared neurosignal analyses to support multi-centre studies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's Disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the effect of oral @entity23301 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with histologically or cytologically proven @entity1149 , who had received at least 2 other therapies, were enrolled. The primary clinical end point was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary end points included overall survival (OS), response rate and @entity137 . RESULTS: 23 @entity1 were enrolled, 1 of whom was excluded due to non-compliance. The @entity1 had received a median of 3 prior therapies (range 2-4). Regarding all 22 @entity1 , median PFS was 14 weeks (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.96-18.04). The median OS was 32 weeks (95% CI 17.12-46.88). The median duration of @entity23301 therapy was 10.5 weeks (interquartile range 6.5-17.3). 20 @entity1 (90.9%) had stable disease; 2 were not assessable. @entity23301 therapy was stopped in 4 @entity1 (18.2%) due to side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity23301 is an orally applicable, well-tolerated and cost-effective drug that works in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 , who have undergone at least 2 lines of therapy. @entity23301 seems to be a therapeutic option in @entity1149 as a further therapy line. These preliminary data need to be confirmed in a larger trial.

title: Old wine in new pipes? Treatment of advanced XXXX with @entity23301 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity23301 :: ('MESH:C003726', 'Chemical') :: ['Trofosfamide', 'trofosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Previous reports have indicated a relatively high incidence of distant @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity189 ), one of the most common sites being the skeleton. Although bone scintigraphy offers the advantage of whole-body imaging in @entity1 with @entity5 by providing useful information about disease spread, its value in @entity1 with @entity189 is not well defined because of cost-effectiveness considerations. In this study, we assessed the value of follow-up bone scintigraphy for the evaluation of skeletal @entity3 in @entity1 with different stages of @entity189 . Between 1994 and 2001, 230 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity189 were admitted to the Department of Radiation Oncology. Out of 230 @entity1 , 171 were examined for skeletal @entity3 with bone scintigraphy prior to therapy and at 1 year intervals. Bone scintigraphy detected increased uptake in 29 @entity1 , which was reported as suggestive of @entity3 or equivocal. Twenty-six of these were true-positive, confirmed by radiography or clinical follow-up. Bone @entity158 was present in 67% of these patients and serum @entity880 dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were elevated in 35% and 37%, respectively. The incidence of bone @entity3 correlated with the extent of lymph node involvement, which were detected after a median time of 10.5 months following the diagnosis of the @entity66 . No correlation was observed between the metastatic status and local T stage, histological differentiation age or gender of the @entity1 . We can therefore recommend that bone scintigraphy be used in determining the presence of bone @entity3 , but its utilization should be preserved for those with nodal involvement.

title: Frequency of skeletal XXXX in @entity189 after initiation of therapy: should bone scans be used for follow-up?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: To examine the mechanisms of @entity4854 -induced @entity2690 resistance, eight @entity2690 -dependent (type I) @entity6 @entity1 were studied twice, after 24 h of @entity4854 (mean blood @entity413 20.0 +/- 0.3 mM, i.v. @entity413 ) and after 24 h of normoglycemia (7.1 +/- 0.4 mM, saline) while receiving identical diets and @entity2690 doses. Whole-body and forearm @entity413 uptake were determined during a 300-min @entity2690 infusion (serum free @entity2690 359 +/- 22 and 373 +/- 29 pM, after hyper- and normoglycemia, respectively). Muscle biopsies were taken before and at the end of the 300-min @entity2690 infusion. Plasma @entity413 levels were maintained constant during the 300-min period by keeping @entity413 for 150 min at 16.7 +/- 0.1 mM after 24-h @entity4854 and increasing it to 16.5 +/- 0.1 mM after normoglycemia and by allowing it thereafter to decrease in both studies to normoglycemia. During the normoglycemic period (240-300 min), total @entity413 uptake (25.0 +/- 2.8 vs. 33.8 +/- 3.9 mumol.kg-1 body wt. @entity1009 , P less than 0.05) was 26% lower, forearm @entity413 uptake (11 +/- 4 vs. 18 +/- 3 mumol.kg-1 forearm. @entity1009 , P less than 0.05) was 35% lower, and nonoxidative @entity413 disposal (8.9 +/- 2.2 vs. 19.4 +/- 3.3 mumol.kg-1 body wt-1 @entity1009 , P less than 0.01) was 54% lower after 24 h of hyper- and normoglycemia, respectively. @entity413 oxidation rates were similar. Basal muscle glycogen content was similar after 24 h of @entity4854 (234 +/- 23 mmol/kg dry muscle) and normoglycemia (238 +/- 22 mmol/kg dry muscle). @entity2690 increased muscle glycogen to 273 +/- 22 mmol/kg dry muscle after 24 h of @entity4854 and to 296 +/- 33 mmol/kg dry muscle after normoglycemia (P less than 0.05 vs. 0 min for both). Muscle @entity855 , free @entity413 , @entity3776 , and @entity16117 concentrations were similar after both 24-h treatment periods and did not change in response to @entity2690 . We conclude that a marked decrease in whole-body, muscle, and nonoxidative @entity413 disposal can be induced by @entity4854 alone.

title: Mechanisms of @entity4854 -induced @entity2690 resistance in whole body and skeletal muscle of type I XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16117 :: ('MESH:C027618', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose-6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: We examined the kinetics of penetration of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in the @entity235 bladder wall after intravesical instillation of 20 mg/40 ml, a dose used in @entity1 . Bladder tissues were harvested and concentration-depth profiles were established by analysis of thin tissue slices cut parallel to the urothelial surface of the bladder. Tissue concentrations after a dwell time of 5-7 min were similar to those after 30-120 min. In tissues harvested 60 and 75 min after removal of the dose, @entity1139 was not detected in 5 of 6 samples and was less than 1 micrograms/g at the mucosa in the remaining sample, suggesting a rapid "washout" of the drug. The rapid equilibrium between the drug in urine and bladder tissue indicates that the duration of exposure of the bladder wall tissue was approximately equal to the dwell time of intravesical therapy. Tissue concentrations declined log-linearly with respect to the depth of penetration. The concentration immediately underneath the urothelium (C0) showed considerable intra- and interanimal variability. Bladder distention appeared to increase C0 by several fold. C0 ranged from 2 to 275 micrograms/g wet tissue weight, with a median value of 24 micrograms/g, or 11 micrograms/g when two animals with distended bladders were excluded. @entity1139 concentrations in 3 different sites of the same bladder varied up to 5-fold. Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance. The median concentration at 2000 microns was 1 microgram/g (n = 24). At 2000-3000 microns, tissue concentrations in most (18 of 24) specimens either declined to an asymptotic value or were lower than the detection limit of 0.1 microgram/g. Concentrations in the bladder contents were 200-500 micrograms/ml, the average tissue concentration from 50 to 3000 microns was 10 micrograms/g, and plasma concentrations were less than 0.1 microgram/ml. This supports the therapeutic advantage of intravesical therapy of high local drug concentrations while minimizing systemic exposure. A comparison of the urine concentration and C0 indicated a 30-fold decline in concentration across the urothelium. This suggests the importance of the urothelium as a barrier to @entity1139 absorption. A separate study in our laboratories showed that 16 micrograms/ml of @entity1139 was needed to produce a 90% inhibition of the labeling index of explants of @entity1 @entity150 located in the urothelium ( @entity5 , TNM classification), 25 micrograms/ml in the lamina propria ( @entity5 ), and 43 micrograms/ml in the muscle layer ( @entity5 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Bladder wall penetration of intravesical @entity1138 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Ta tumor', 'T2 tumors', 'T1 tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Acute experiments were performed on 20 @entity840 . The animals were divided at random into four groups of five each: the non-acupuncture group for control and three electroacupuncture groups (EA-I, EA-II, EA-III). Four pairs of @entity902 -wire electrodes were implanted under serosa of the antrum and corpus, duodenum, jejunum. The gastroenteric electric activity (GEA) was recorded in conscious and fasting state. Needling was applied at position 1 cm below the knee, corresponding to Zusanli. The @entity1897 model was established by infusion of @entity12239 into the stomach. Observation was made with regard to latency of @entity391 induced by infusion of @entity12239 , duration of the symptom, number of fits in the first five minutes after the attack began, and the variation of amplitude and frequency of GEA. The results were as follows: (1) The GEA of normal @entity840 showed regular cyclic changes. After latency of 3.7 seconds following the infusion, symptom of @entity391 began appear. The GEA returned to normal after latency of 60 minutes. (2) During @entity391 , the GEA was characterized by a series of spikes which were seen more obviously in the antrum and corpus; during serious fits of @entity391 , duodenum and jejunum were involved. The GEA showed disordered and quicker rhythm with higher amplitude and frequency. (3) EA could not affect the @entity1897 , but it could shorten the duration of the symptom. Results of group EA-II (p less than 0.001) showed EA could reduce the number of fits during the first five minutes; results of group EA-I (p less than 0.01) showed that EA could lower the amplitude and frequency of the GEA (p less than 0.05) that rose during @entity391 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The regulating effect of electroacupuncture on gastroenteric electric activity in XXXX of @entity1897 ].

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vomiting', 'latency of the peripheral vomiting']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7534 Background: @entity686 is currently use in the adjuvant treatment of @entity1 with high risk of @entity320 . The mechanism of action of @entity686 is complex. Since it, @entity686 is able to modulate different regulatory and effectors cells of the immune system. Therefore, the optimization of the clinical use of @entity686 requires the analysis of the biological effects of the biotherapy. Herein, we have investigated the effects of high doses of @entity686 in the expression of chemokine receptors by peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes and the spontaneous cytotoxic (NK) activity of PB mononuclear cells (PBMC) in @entity1 with high risk @entity320 . METHODS: 15 @entity1 with @entity320 stage III were treated with intravenous @entity686 20MU/m(2) 5 days per week for 4 weeks follow by intramuscular @entity22503 MU/m(2) 3 days per weeks for 48 weeks. PBMC were obtained by @entity1211 before the first dose of @entity686 , every last day of the first 4 weeks of treatment, and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of the maintenance treatment. The expression of differentiation antigens and chemokine receptors were measured by direct surface immunofluorescence and flowcytometry. NK activity was measured by @entity8680 release assay using as targets K562 cells. 15 age and sex matched healthy donors were use as controls. RESULTS: Before the biotherapy, @entity320 @entity1 showed significantly reduced expression of @entity436 and @entity9172 on the surface of CD19+ B cells (P<0.05), as well as reduced @entity436 +CD3+ T cells and CD16+CD3- NK cells (P<0.05). The expression of @entity436 by B, T and NK cells was normalized, as compared to controls, after 4 weeks of treatment. The normalization of the expression of @entity9172 in the latter lymphocyte subsets was achieved only after 3 months of treatment. NK cytotoxic activity in PBMC remained significant decreased during the first 9 months but normalization occurred after 12 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that high doses of @entity686 promote clear immunomodulatory effects in high risk @entity320 @entity1 . Notably, the normalization of immunological parameters is sequential and beneficial accumulative effects are evident after 9 months which provides a rational to recommend maintenance therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Pattern of restoration of the immune alterations by the treatment with high doses of Interferon alpha in high risk XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous puncture']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Sociometrics Corporation has established the Program Archive on Sexuality, Health and Adolescence (PASHA) to promote the dissemination, creative adaptation, and evaluation of promising teen pregnancy and @entity2953 ( @entity2953 )/ @entity645 / @entity791 prevention programs. To date, it has 30 programs. Sociometrics had developed a package with everything needed to replicate or adapt each promising program in the archive. The package includes a complete set of program materials (e.g., training manuals), a user's guide, and a one-page packaging slip. Two evaluation packets accompany each program. The Be Proud] Be Responsible] @entity791 Risk Reduction Program uses discussions of condom use, group participation, role plays, and other oral and written exercises to strive to increase @entity2953 / @entity645 / @entity791 knowledge, improve self-pride, and promote safer @entity146 . The program entitled @entity1 Sexuality--Values _ Choices: A Values-Based Curriculum for 7th and 8th Grades promotes sexual abstinence and healthy social relationships through parent- @entity1 communication and a video-assisted format. The Reducing the Risk program is for high school students and aims to change student norms about unprotected sexual intercourse and perceptions of peer sexual activity and to strengthen parent- @entity1 communication on abstinence and contraception. The School/Community Program for Sexual Risk Reduction among Teens aims to motivate the entire community in preventing pregnancy among unmarried teens. Targeted training and workshops sites include public schools, universities, church groups, and civic organizations. It promotes abstinence as the preferred @entity458 , but effective contraception for teens who become sexually active. Teen @entity3823 is a collaborative school- and community health centers-based sexuality education intervention. It provides large group, lecture format presentations on reproductive physiology, contraceptive methods, and contraceptive effectiveness and various sessions (games, role plays, and trigger films encouraging group discussion).

title: PASHA: a collection of promising teen pregnancy and @entity2953 / XXXX / @entity791 prevention programs-in-a-box.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease', 'STD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health decision']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the 3rd most common @entity5 worldwide and the Czech Republic has the 6th highest incidence of @entity14 worldwide. Large intestinal microbiota play in its etiopathogenesis important role. Bacteriocins are proteins, produced by bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The aim of our prospective study was to assess the colonization of large intestinal mucosa by @entity526 strains and to investigate their @entity5618 production. METHODS: A total of 30 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2513 , @entity20171 (17 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 , aged 39-79, mean age 63        9), 30 @entity1 with @entity14 (23 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 , aged 38-86, mean age 67        11) and 20 healthy controls (9 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 , age 23-84, mean age 55        15) were enrolled into prospective study. Mucosal biopsies were taken in the caecum, transverse colon and rectum during pancolonoscopy. Microbiological culture, isolation and identification of bacteria followed. @entity5618 production was assessed by growth inhibition of indicator strains @entity2624 -Row, @entity526 C6 (phi), and @entity14344 17. Identification of @entity5618 -encoding determinants and @entity526 phylogroups was performed using PCR methods. RESULTS: A total of 622 strains were isolated and further investigated. A significantly higher frequency of simultaneous production of colicins and microcins was revealed in the group of @entity1 with @entity14 , when compared to @entity1 with @entity20171 , p   =   0.031. A significantly higher frequency of @entity526 phylogroup D was found in @entity1 with @entity14 , when compared to controls, p   =   0.044. A significantly higher prevalence of bacteriocinogeny was confirmed in @entity1 with advanced @entity652 when compared to @entity1 with non-advanced @entity652 , p   =   0.010. Increasing bacteriocinogeny was associated with an increasing stage of @entity14 (assessed according to TNM classification). Either @entity526 phylogroup B2 or @entity526 phylogroup D were isolated in biopsies of @entity1 with right-sided @entity14 . A statistically higher incidence of @entity526 phylogroup B2 was found in @entity1 with right-sided @entity14 when compared to @entity1 with left-sided @entity14 , p   =   0.028. CONCLUSIONS: Large intestinal mucosa of @entity1 with more @entity14 is colonized with more virulent strains of @entity526 and higher production of bacteriocins is observed in these @entity1 when compared to those with less @entity14 .

title: @entity526 strains of phylogenetic group B2 and D and XXXX production are associated with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['Bacteriocin', 'bacteriocin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'advanced colorectal neoplasia', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity14344 :: ('624', 'Species') :: ['Shigella sonnei']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity5618 :: (CHEBI:48081,Chemical) :: ['bacteriocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very early @entity1 pregnancy is a state of cardiovascular underfilling. The @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) is directly concerned with @entity1372 and water homeostasis. @entity2178 is known to be the rate-limiting component in the generation of @entity2178 , and hence @entity2178 , in pregnancy. The usual measurement of ' @entity916 activity' does not differentiate between enzyme and substrate. We hypothesized that the RAS is activated from the start of pregnancy; plasma @entity916 concentration (PRC) and @entity2178 will show differential regulation and might stimulate the rise in @entity4770 . METHODS: A prospective study of 12 nulliparous normal @entity1 . PRC and @entity2178 and excretion of @entity4770 and @entity2871 metabolites were measured pre-pregnancy and four to six times after conception to 13 weeks. RESULTS: By 6 weeks gestation, mean PRC was markedly raised and remained stable to 13 weeks. The initial @entity2178 response varied, but rose consistently after 6-8 weeks. Regression analysis showed @entity2178 in the first trimester to be strongly associated with corrected birthweight centile (P < 0.001). Excretion of @entity9610 metabolites was very variable, but rose significantly from 6 weeks; the ratio between @entity4770 and @entity2871 excretion did not alter over this time. There was no correlation between the various hormones measured. CONCLUSION: @entity2178 is known to be rate-limiting in pregnancy. Its association with birthweight may be through effects on early plasma volume expansion and may have implications for intrauterine growth restriction and @entity1468 .

title: A prospective, longitudinal study of the @entity916 -angiotensin system, @entity4770 and XXXX in the first trimester of normal @entity1 pregnancy: association with birthweight.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin I', 'angiotensin II', 'angiotensinogen', 'Angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: Of 15 @entity1 operated on for @entity1318 in the Department of General and Abdominal Surgery at the University of Mainz between September 1985 and April 1990, 14 were followed-up. All the @entity1 had received an extramucous myotomy combined with @entity2911 's semifundoplication; in twelve, one or more preoperative balloon dilatations had been performed. The results are reported in this study. The average age of the @entity1 was 55.3 years (18 to 76 years), and the average follow-up period 21 months (six to 53 months). No @entity260 were seen in any of the case. All @entity1 reported appreciable improvements in their symptoms, six being completely symptom-free. Occasional @entity1282 was reported in six cases, one @entity1 had occasional, another frequent, nocturnal heartburn, which however had already presented preoperatively. In all seven cases submitted to postoperative radiological examination, the diameter of the esophagogastric junction was increased, and the diameter of the middle-third of the esophagus decreased. No @entity354 or signs of @entity32 were seen in any of the cases. The low complication rate and the high success rate despite prior @entity384 or bougienage support the use of Heller's operation combined with @entity2911 's semifundoplication for the surgical treatment of @entity1318 after @entity384 .

title: [Surgical therapy of XXXX after prior pneumatic dilatation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation', 'failed balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) can dramatically enhance neurite outgrowth through conductive polymers and accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration in animal models of @entity128 . Therefore, conductive tissue engineering graft in combination with @entity8425 is a potential treatment for @entity130 . Conductive tissue engineering graft can be obtained by seeding Schwann cells on conductive scaffold. However, when @entity8425 is applied through the conductive scaffold, the impact of @entity8425 on Schwann cells has never been investigated. In this study, a biodegradable conductive composite made of conductive @entity25213 (PPy, 2.5%) and biodegradable chitosan (97.5%) was prepared in order to electrically stimulate Schwann cells. The tolerance of Schwann cells to @entity8425 was examined by a cell apoptosis assay. The growth of the cells was characterized using DAPI staining and a @entity98 assay. mRNA and protein levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) in Schwann cells were assayed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and the amount of NGF and @entity2252 secreted was determined by an ELISA assay. The results showed that the @entity25214 /chitosan membranes supported cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation with or without @entity8425 . Interestingly, @entity8425 applied through the PPy/chitosan composite dramatically enhanced the expression and secretion of NGF and @entity2252 when compared with control cells without @entity8425 . These findings highlight for the first time the possibility of enhancing nerve regeneration in conductive scaffolds through @entity8425 -increased @entity2252 secretion.

title: Electrical regulation of Schwann cells using conductive XXXX /chitosan polymers.

entities_list: @entity25213 :: ('MESH:C067635', 'Chemical') :: ['polypyrrole']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['Electrical stimulation', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF', 'neurotrophin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neural injuries']

answer: @entity25213 :: (MESH:C067635,Chemical) :: ['polypyrrole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Drug induced @entity910 remain a challenging problem in the long term management of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). We have assessed the effect of @entity1089 on @entity910 in a double blind placebo controlled cross over study. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity191 were enrolled and received 25 mg of @entity1089 or placebo at night for two weeks in prerandomised order, with one week of wash out between treatment periods. Assessments were made using on-off diaries, self assessment of @entity910 , and L-dopa challenges at baseline and after each treatment period. Videotapes were rated blindly by two raters using modified @entity910 Scale and Goetz scores. @entity1 subsequently went on open label @entity1089 at 50 mg/day, for a mean duration of 30 days, and completed the same self assessment forms. RESULTS: During the double blind phase, no significant change in @entity910 was found on either 25 mg of @entity1089 or placebo. Duration of off states and Unified @entity191 Rating Scale motor scores also remained unchanged. Moderate tiredness and @entity25 occurred in two @entity1 on @entity1089 . One @entity1 dropped out early for unrelated reasons. Eight @entity1 completed the open label phase. On 50 mg/day of @entity1089 , a slight reduction in @entity910 occurred on some scales. Reduction in @entity910 severity on visual analogue scales was by 50.1%. Off time was not significantly increased. This improvement was not strongly reflected in @entity1 ' overall impression of treatment effect. Drowsiness and @entity25 led to discontinuation in four @entity1 , after completion of the study, and two additional @entity1 stopped treatment after the study because of lack of effect. CONCLUSION: Our study failed to demonstrate an antidyskinetic effect of low dose (25 mg) @entity1089 . The absence of an increase in @entity304 combined with a possible antidyskinetic effect on higher doses warrants further investigation.

title: Low dose @entity1089 for drug induced @entity910 in XXXX : a double blind cross over study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'daytime sleep episodes']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'dyskinesias', 'Abnormal Involuntary Movement']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Using cortical cups in @entity4486 -urethanized @entity35 , the in vivo release of @entity8586 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity6140 - @entity3162 ) from cerebral cortex was examined. Resting levels of @entity8586 -like immunoreactivity ranged from 20 to 30 pg/20 min sample. The addition of @entity972 (40 mM) in excess, resulted in a highly significant elevation in the levels of @entity6140 - @entity3162 in the cortical superfusate. Deletion of @entity460 and the substitution of @entity1953 (10 mM), resulted in a significant reduction in both resting release and the release otherwise evoked by the addition of @entity972 . Focal electrical stimulation of the cortex (20 Hz), resulted in a significant (1.9 +/- 0.2-fold, n = 8) increase in the levels of @entity6140 - @entity3162 . The addition of @entity2227 (10(-6)-10(-4) M) of @entity4176 (10(-8)-10(-6) M), also resulted in significant elevations in the levels of @entity6140 - @entity3162 . The co-administration of a putative @entity2227 receptor antagonist, @entity5373 (10(-4) M) resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of release otherwise evoked by the addition of @entity2227 , but not by electrical stimulation. The addition of @entity1246 (10(-5)-10(-3) M) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the resting release of @entity6140 - @entity3162 , and the release evoked by @entity2227 . @entity5094 (10(-6)-10(-4) M), resulted in a highly significant increase in the levels of @entity6140 - @entity3162 in the cortical effluent. These results are consistent with a tonic GABAergic inhibition of @entity6140 -releasing neurons. The treatment of the animal with @entity3175 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) also resulted in a significant reduction in resting release and the release otherwise evoked by focal cortical stimulation.

title: Release of @entity8586 from @entity35 cerebral cortex in vivo: role of XXXX and @entity2227 receptor systems.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['Picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5373 :: ('MESH:D007736', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenic acid']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes are usually among the most polymorphic in vertebrate genomes because of their critical role (antigen presentation) in immune response. Prior to this study, the MHC was poorly characterized in @entity7928 salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum), but the congeneric @entity7547 ( @entity7547 ) is thought to have an unusual MHC. Most notably, @entity7547 class II genes lack allelic variation and possess a splice variant without a full peptide binding region (PBR). The @entity7547 is considered immunodeficient, but it is unclear how or to what extent MHC genetics and @entity465 are interrelated. To study the evolution of MHC genes in urodele amphibians, we describe for the first time an expressed polymorphic class II gene in wild @entity7928 salamanders. We sequenced the PBR of a class II gene from wild A. tigrinum (n=33) and identified nine distinct alleles. Observed heterozygosity was 73%, and there were a total of 46 polymorphic sites, most of which correspond to @entity535 positions that bind peptides. Patterns of @entity377 substitutions exhibit the signature of diversifying selection, but no recombination was detected. Not surprisingly, trans-species evolution of @entity7928 salamander and @entity7547 class II alleles was apparent. We have no direct data on the @entity465 of @entity7928 salamanders, but the levels of polymorphism in our study population should suffice to bind a variety of foreign peptides (unlike @entity7547 ). Our @entity7928 salamander data suggest that the monomorphism and @entity465 associated with @entity7547 class II genes is a relic of their unique historical demography, not their phylogenetic legacy.

title: Molecular characterization of major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in wild XXXX salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum).

entities_list: @entity7547 :: ('8296', 'Species') :: ['axolotl', 'Ambystoma mexicanum', 'axolotls']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency', 'immunodeficiencies']

answer: @entity7928 :: (9694,Species) :: ['tiger']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The analgesic efficacy and side effect profile of intravenous @entity14340 , a novel cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, was assessed in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study involving @entity1 undergoing major gynecologic surgical procedures. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, 60 consenting @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III, undergoing lower abdominal surgery with a standardized general anesthetic technique were randomly assigned to receive one of three study medications: group 1 (control) received normal saline; group 2 received intravenous @entity14340 , 20 mg; and group 3 received intravenous @entity14340 , 40 mg. The initial dose of study medication was administered when the @entity1 first requested @entity158 medication after surgery. All @entity1 had access to @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous @entity1286 , 1 or 2 mg, with a 6-min lockout period. Subsequent doses of the same study medication were administered at 12-h and 24-h intervals after the initial dose. The postoperative opioid analgesic requirement (PCA @entity1286 usage), @entity158 scores, @entity158 relief scores, side effects, and need for supplemental medications (e.g., antiemetics, antipruritics, laxatives) were recorded. RESULTS: Compared with saline, intravenous @entity14340 , 20 mg and 40 mg every 12 h, significantly decreased the PCA @entity1286 usage during the first 6 h postoperatively (group 1, 25 +/- 13 mg; group 2, 16 +/- 11 mg; group 3, 17 +/- 10 mg) and at 12 h (group 1, 34 +/- 18 mg; group 2, 24 +/- 14 mg; group 3, 23 +/- 13 mg) and 24 h (group 1, 51 +/- 27 mg; group 2, 34 +/- 20 mg; group 3, 33 +/- 21 mg) after surgery. However, there were no significant differences in the @entity1 ' global evaluation of the study medications at 12 h and 24 h between those who received intravenous @entity14340 (20 or 40 mg) and saline. Moreover, the @entity282 scores and side effect profiles were similar in the three treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Intravenous @entity14340 (20 or 40 mg) was effective in decreasing the PCA opioid requirement after lower abdominal surgical procedures. However, it failed to improve @entity158 management or reduce opioid-related side effects in the early postoperative period.

title: Effect of @entity14340 , a novel intravenous cyclooxygenase type-2 inhibitor, on the postoperative opioid requirement and quality of XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extremity @entity174 such as wrist and @entity1171 are a common and costly healthcare problem. The management of these @entity174 depends on @entity174 type and loss of congruity of the joint, resulting in cast immobilization or operative treatment. Loss of congruity or displacement leading to uneven joint loading, @entity571 and an increased probability of a poor functional outcome should be identified within the first 2  weeks post- @entity130 , based upon radiographs to determine optimal treatment. After this period, routine radiographs are scheduled for monitoring the bone-healing process. Current protocols describe imaging at 1, 2, 6 and 12  weeks post- @entity130 . However, it is questionable whether routine radiography following the initial follow-up ( 2-weeks post- @entity130 ) is cost effective. The aim of this study is to determine whether a modification of the radiographic follow-up protocol can be conducted with no worse outcome and less cost than the current standard of care for @entity1 with a wrist or @entity1171 . METHODS/DESIGN: In a multicenter randomized controlled trial, 697 @entity1 aged 18  years or older will be included: 385 wrist @entity174 - and 312 @entity1171 @entity1 . @entity1 will be randomized into two groups: Group 1 receives usual care, consisting of radiographs 1, 2, 6 and 12  weeks post- @entity130 ; Group 2 receives radiographs beyond the initial follow-up only when clinically indicated. The primary outcome is the overall extremity-specific function. For wrist @entity174 , this includes the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score; for the @entity1171 , this includes the Olerud and Molander ankle score. Secondary outcomes include: healthcare cost, the specific function measured with the @entity1 Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation for wrist @entity174 and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons foot and ankle questionnaire for @entity1171 , @entity158 -intensity, health-related quality of life, self-perceived recovery, and complications. Both groups will be monitored at 1, 2, and 6  weeks and 3, 6, and 12  months. DISCUSSION: This study will provide data on (cost) effectiveness of routine radiography in the follow-up of wrist and @entity1171 , and could pave the way for a change in (inter)national protocols. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register NTR4610 , registration date 22 June 2014.

title: WARRIOR-trial - is routine radiography following the 2-week initial follow-up in @entity130 XXXX with wrist and @entity1171 necessary: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture', 'ankle fractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess time trends in the prevalence of @entity565 , @entity2023 and @entity484 in Guangzhou urban adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using the International Study of @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III protocol was conducted in 2001. Cluster randomized samples of 3516 schoolchildren aged 13 - 14 from 10 secondary schools of four central districts were recruited for the study in Guangzhou city. The results were compared with those obtained in ISAAC Phase I Study (1994 - 1995), which used the identical and validated core questionnaires. Each subject was given an ISAAC Phase III written questionnaire to complete, followed by the video questionnaire about @entity565 at the same session in school. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of physicians' diagnosis of @entity565 in Phase III was 4.6%, which was similar to that of 3.9% in Phase I (P > 0.05). But the prevalence rates of wheeze and exercise-induced wheeze in the past 12 months by written questionnaire have increased from 3.4% and 17.4% in Phase I to 4.8% and 23.4% in Phase III respectively (all P < 0.01). By the video questionnaire, the 12-months prevalence rates of wheeze at rest and exercise-induced wheeze were also significantly higher in Phase III (3.8% and 11.3%) compared with those in Phase I (2.0% and 6.9%) (P < 0.01). The 12-months prevalence rates of nasal symptoms without common cold, both related to @entity2490 and @entity7370 had also increased from 39.5% and 8.7% in Phase I to 45.5% and 11.1% in Phase III, respectively (both P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the prevalence rates of physicians' diagnosis of @entity2023 and @entity2023 in Phase III were 4.1% and 22.7%, which were significantly higher than that of 2.9% and 17.4% in Phase I (both P < 0.05). The 12-months prevalence rate of @entity1109 had increased from 1.3% in Phase I to 2.2% in Phase III (P < 0.01). However, the prevalence rates of physicians' diagnosis of @entity484 were similar in both surveys (P > 0.05). The absolute percentage changes in 12-months prevalence rate related to symptoms and physicians' diagnosis for @entity565 , @entity2023 and @entity484 were more in males than those in females. CONCLUSION: There is a general tendency towards an increase in the prevalence of @entity565 , @entity2023 and @entity484 over 7 years among adolescents in Guangzhou city, remarkably more so among males than females.

title: [Time trends in the prevalence of XXXX and allergic diseases over 7 years among adolescents in Guangzhou city].

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['hayfever', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['flexural eczema symptoms']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: In the past 10 years there has been growing awareness among occupational health professionals worldwide of the large burden of illness associated with @entity85 of the neck and upper limbs. It has been suggested that these disorders are associated with highly repetitive work and are due, at least in part, to ergonomic factors. This review examines the epidemiologic evidence of the relationship between workplace ergonomic factors such as repetition, force, static muscle loading, and extreme joint position and the development of muscle, tendon, and @entity2850 and upper limbs of exposed workers. An extensive search for relevant studies was undertaken. Of 54 potentially relevant studies identified, three met the a priori inclusion criteria. The validity of these studies was assessed, and one study was found to have major flaws. Criteria to demonstrate causality were also applied and were met in the most rigorously conducted study. When the results of these studies are compared and aggregated where appropriate, they provide strong evidence of a causal relationship between repetitive, forceful work and the development of @entity85 in the hands and wrists and nerve entrapment of the median nerve at the @entity923 . The comparison of exposed to controls for hand/wrist @entity924 gives an unadjusted common odds ratio of 9.1 (95% CI 4.9-16.2). The adjusted odds ratio for @entity923 is 15.5 (95% CI 1.7-141.5) based on the most rigorous study.

title: Workplace ergonomic factors and the development of XXXX of the neck and upper limbs: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders', 'musculoskeletal disorders of the tendons and tendon sheaths']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['nerve entrapment disorders of the neck']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: We report a rare case of @entity2743 in a @entity1 with @entity259 . A 65-yr-old male presented with a 2-d history of rapidly enlarging neck mass and back @entity158 . Physical examination revealed a large, hard @entity1374 and resting @entity591 . He did not have any symptoms suggestive of airway compression at presentation. Thyroid hormone levels were consistent with a @entity1378 state. CT scan of the neck and thorax showed a heterogeneous mass replacing the thyroid, bilateral pulmonary nodules, and a @entity3 with pathological @entity174 at the level of T-8. @entity1497 scan failed to show any uptake in the region of the thyroid. Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid revealed @entity259 . The @entity1 was started on @entity230 and radiation therapy of his spine lesion. Brief surgical exploration of the thyroid revealed extensive local infiltration of adjacent neck tissues and marked @entity39 . Immunohistochemical stains of the @entity5 were positive for @entity876 , @entity3745 , and @entity7457 . The @entity5 had an extremely aggressive course and the @entity1 died of @entity2063 from severe airway compromise 11 d after his initial presentation.

title: XXXX and @entity1378 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['tumor necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1497 :: ('MESH:D013670', 'Chemical') :: ['Technetium-pertechnetate']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid mass']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Anaplastic thyroid cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Current animal hindlimb @entity63 models involve surgical ligation of the femoral artery and delivery of therapeutic angiogenic agents into the adductor compartment. The authors hypothesize that an endovascular model of hindlimb @entity63 would be a more appropriate platform, closely resembling @entity731 by occluding the vessel from within, causing less @entity32 , wound healing and subsequent collateralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The left superficial femoral artery in 17 @entity95 was occluded by endovascular coil embolization (n=9) or surgical ligation (n=8). Animals (n=3; in each group) were sacrificed on day 3 to determine the arteriolar luminal area, number of arterioles, microsphere determined perfusion, and degree of @entity32 . On day 28, the remaining animals underwent @entity291 blood pressure measurements and angiography to determine the number of collaterals and diameter of vessels supplying the hindlimb. RESULTS: Immediate postprocedure (day 0) and presacrifice (day 3 or 28) occlusion rates were 89% (eight of nine @entity95 ) and 100% for the endovascular model; 100% and 100% for the surgical model, respectively. Hindlimb @entity912 and @entity2057 was found in one surgical animal. On day 3, there was an increase in hindlimb perfusion (surgery, 0.04+/-0.01; endovascular, 0.02+/-0.01; P=.02), an increase in arteriolar luminal area (surgery, 481 microm+/-240; endovascular, 345 microm+/-151; P=.04), and a trend toward more @entity32 (surgery, 5.5+/-3.8; endovascular, 2.5+/-3.0; P=.08) in the surgical group. There was no difference in number of vessels between both groups. On day 28 there was no difference in the @entity291 blood pressure ratios or in the number of collaterals. However, there was enlargement of the distal profunda femoris artery, the vessel closest to the @entity954 , in the surgical group (L/R ratio: immediate post-occlusion, 1.06+/-0.11; day 28, 1.27+/-0.08; P=.02). CONCLUSION: The endovascular model was efficacious in providing occlusion of the superficial femoral artery, and induced less of an arteriogenic response compared with the surgical model. The authors believe that this endovascular model is a superior platform for studying therapeutic angiogenic agents.

title: Endovascular model of @entity95 hindlimb XXXX : a platform to evaluate therapeutic angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: A Dictyostelium mutant (7-11) that expresses less than 0.5% of wild-type levels of the @entity3999 essential light chain (EMLC) has been created by overexpression of antisense RNA. Cells from 7-11 contain wild-type levels of the @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) and regulatory light chain (RMLC). @entity3999 isolated from 7-11 cells consists of the @entity3998 with the RMLC associated in reduced stoichiometry, and binds to purified actin in an @entity855 -sensitive fashion. Purified 7-11 @entity3999 displays @entity460 -activated ATPase activity with a Vmax about 15%-25% of that of wild type, and a Km for @entity855 of 27 +/- 5 microM versus 83 +/- 30 microM for wild type. At actin concentrations as high as 17 microM, 7-11 @entity3999 displays greatly reduced actin-activated ATPase activity. Phenotypically, 7-11 cells resemble @entity3998 mutants, growing poorly in suspension and becoming large and multinucleate. When starved for multicellular development, 7-11 cells take several hours longer than wild-type cells to aggregate. Although multicellular aggregates eventually form, they fail to develop further. The cells are also unable to cap receptors in response to Con A treatment. Since cells expressing the EMLC are phenotypically similar to @entity3998 null mutants, the EMLC appears necessary for @entity3999 function, at least in part because it is required for normal actin-activated ATPase activity.

title: The Dictyostelium essential light chain is required for XXXX function.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3998 :: ('3133', 'Gene') :: ['myosin heavy chain', 'MHC']

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Gene) :: ['myosin']


abstract: Life-history theory predicts that animals face a trade-off in energy allocation between performing strenuous exercise, such as migratory flight, and mounting an immune response. We experimentally tested this prediction by studying immune function in European starlings, @entity6248 , flown in a wind tunnel. Specifically, we predicted that constitutive immune function decreases in response to training and, additionally, in response to immediate exercise. We compared constitutive immune function among three groups: (1) 'untrained' birds that were kept in cages and were not flown; (2) 'trained' birds that received flight training over a 15 day period and performed a 1-4 h continuous flight, after which they rested for 48 h before being sampled; and (3) 'post-flight' birds that differed from the 'trained' group only in being sampled immediately after the final flight. A bird in our trained group represents an individual during migration that has been resting between migratory flights for at least 2 days. A bird in our post-flight group represents an individual that has just completed a migratory flight and has not yet had time to recover. Three of our four indicators ( @entity2104 , agglutination and lysis) showed the predicted decrease in immune function in the post-flight group, and two indicators ( @entity2104 , agglutination) showed the predicted decreasing trend from the untrained to trained to post-flight group. @entity2104 levels were negatively correlated with flight duration. No effect of training or flight was detected on leukocyte profiles. Our results suggest that in European starlings, constitutive immune function is decreased more as a result of immediate exercise than of exercise training. Because of the recent emergence of @entity17523 , understanding the trade-offs and challenges faced by long-distance migrants has gained a new level of relevance and urgency.

title: Constitutive immune function in European starlings, XXXX , is decreased immediately after an endurance flight in a wind tunnel.

entities_list: @entity2104 :: ('3240', 'Gene') :: ['Haptoglobin', 'haptoglobin']

entities_list: @entity17523 :: ('MESH:D001715', 'Disease') :: ['avian-borne diseases']

entities_list: @entity6248 :: ('MESH:D016112', 'Disease') :: ['Sturnus vulgaris']

answer: @entity6248 :: (MESH:D016112,Disease) :: ['Sturnus vulgaris']


abstract: The effect of a given treatment for a given disease may be estimated from randomized controlled clinical trials, expressed as a single treatment effect averaged over the trial population. However, in recent years there has been an increasing willingness to individualize therapeutic decisions. The method we report here identifies responders by assessing the individual probability of an event, according to the treatment group. We used a treatment-stratified @entity797 regression model including interaction between treatment and @entity1 's covariates, with common regression coefficients for treated and untreated, except for the special case of a prognostic variable which has an interaction with treatment. Further, we used a discriminate function based on the final model, representing the absolute individual therapeutic effect, to identify the @entity1 to be treated according to a given threshold of clinical efficacy. The model was explored on the INDANA database (which pools individual @entity1 data from clinical trials of anti- @entity101 drug intervention). Data on 36,444 @entity1 , from five randomized controlled trials were included. The results show the relationship between the proportion of avoided events among the avoidable ones, and the proportion of @entity1 treated who were responders, as a function of the threshold of absolute benefit defining responders. The confidence intervals of the absolute therapeutic benefit for each individual were calculated, by using the Monte Carlo simulation method. A comparison of the survival of treated and controlled individuals, in both subgroups of responders and non responders, illustrated the relevance of the model. We conclude that the tools for predicting individual therapeutic benefit do exist. It will be important to assess the reproducibility of these results in other models or in other populations before widespread application. It will be necessary to have a properly computerized environment and to train doctors to use these tools.

title: [Identification and prediction of responders to a therapy. A model and its preliminary application to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: To study the influence of @entity21780 (EO) used for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices on the pulmonary hemodynamics, extra vascular lung water (EVLW), and @entity358 , and blood gas analysis were performed after injection of EO directly into the right atrium in 18 mongrel @entity235 . Studies were made in three groups, group A (6 @entity235 ) in which the bolus of 1 ml/kg of EO was injected with 1 second; group B (6 @entity235 ) in which 0.25 ml/kg of EO was injected for four times successively within a minute; and controls (6 @entity235 ) the bolus of 1 ml/kg of saline was injected within 1 second. EVLW was measured by thermal-green dye double indicator dilution method. Pulmonary pressures were measured using Swan-Ganz catheter. Results were as follows. In group A, 4 of the 6 @entity235 died with a symptom of @entity3126 within several minutes. In the other two, systemic and pulmonary artery pressure did not change, but EVLW and pulmonary artery resistance significantly increased compared to the controls. Intrapulmonary shunt ratio and @entity4095 were reduced significantly compared to the controls. In group B no systemic hemodynamic changes were observed. But again EVLW significantly increased. These results suggest that the injection sclerotherapy using EO affects pulmonary hemodynamics. And this effect of EO doesn't depend on the total amount of injected EO, but on the concentration of EO reaching the lung. Careful respiratory monitoring seems necessary in @entity1 undergoing injection sclerotherapy.

title: [Experimental studies on respiratory insufficiency after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy using XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity21780 :: ('MESH:C033343', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanolamine-Oleate']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and systemic pressures measurements']

answer: @entity21780 :: (MESH:C033343,Chemical) :: ['ethanolamine-oleate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hitherto no attention was paid to the prebasal vitreous body in @entity1 with @entity6716 . Obviously there are, at least occasionally, two remarkable anomalies of the anterior hyaloid membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two @entity1 (one 3 years and the other 4 years old) with @entity154 were examined in supine position at a special slitlamp in general anaesthesia. Both @entity1 were healthy besides their @entity735 ; pregnancy and delivery were unremarkable. RESULTS: Only the younger @entity1 showed bilaterally in symmetrical fashion a thin, circular, whitish ligament between lens zonulae and anterior hyaloid membrane (zonulo-vitreal ligament). The eyes of both @entity1 exhibited a circumferential simple detachment of the anterior hyaloid membrane in the region of the ciliary body. CONCLUSION: At least sometimes, the @entity6716 can be associated with anomalies of the anterior hyaloid membrane: 1. Obviously the circumferential simple ciliary detachment of the anterior hyaloid membrane corresponds with the loss of physiological cilio-vitreal fibril systems. 2. The zonulo-vitreal ligament might be formed during the fetal time as a surplus connection between lens zonulae and anterior hyaloid membrane.

title: [Morphology of the anterior vitreous body membrane in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anirida']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular malformation']

entities_list: @entity6716 :: ('MESH:D015783', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aniridia']

answer: @entity6716 :: (MESH:D015783,Disease) :: ['congenital aniridia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Amadori-albumin, a major glycated protein, is involved in experimental hyperglycaemia-induced @entity532 , and is associated with advanced @entity8 in Type I @entity6 @entity1 in @entity1 . Our aim was to assess the association of Amadori-albumin with early @entity8 and with @entity989 in Type I @entity6 @entity1 and the involvement of chronic low-degree @entity32 therein. DESIGN AND METHODS: Amadori-albumin, the Amadori product of haemoglobin (HbA1c), @entity1851 , and @entity2002 levels were measured in the EUCLID study, a 2-year randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of @entity3593 in 447 Type I @entity6 @entity1 . Retinal photographs were taken in 341 @entity1 at baseline and 294 at follow up. RESULTS: Amadori-albumin was positively associated with albumin the excretion rate and @entity989 status (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.02 for trend, respectively) and with the progression from normoalbuminuria to (micro) @entity633 (38.6 U mL(-1) in nonprogressors, 44.3 U mL-1 in progressors; P = 0.02), but not with the development or progression of @entity989 during a 2-year follow up. Amadori-albumin levels at baseline were associated with @entity1851 and @entity2002 (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.0001, respectively). @entity1851 and @entity2002 were also associated with albumin excretion rates (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively) and @entity989 status (P = 0.02 and P = 0.0006, respectively). Adjustment for these inflammatory markers did not markedly attenuate the association between Amadori-albumin and the albumin excretion rate, while adjustment for @entity2002 , but not @entity1851 , abolished the association between Amadori-albumin and @entity989 . @entity3593 had no impact on the association between the levels of Amadori-albumin and albumin excretion rates or @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS: Amadori-albumin was associated with early @entity8 and with @entity989 in Type I @entity6 @entity1 and preceded an increase in albumin excretion rate, but not @entity989 . A chronic low-degree @entity32 does not appear to be involved in Amadori-albumin-associated @entity532 in @entity1723 .

title: Amadori-albumin correlates with @entity532 and precedes @entity8 in type 1 XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['Lisinopril', 'lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']