abstract: PURPOSE: The treatment of symptomatic @entity808 is surgical excision. However, in the case of major peripheral nerves with motor function, there are concerns including @entity16 following surgery. This study was designed to evaluate the surgical outcome of @entity808 originating from major peripheral nerves of the lower limb. Additionally, we sought to find out the predictable factors for permanent @entity51 . METHODS: Between 2004 and 2008, 30 consecutive @entity808 underwent simple excision or enucleation. Surgical outcomes after excision were evaluated with an emphasis on @entity51 and recurrence. @entity16 were classified as major or minor @entity51 and evaluated immediately after surgery and at final follow-up. Risk factors for development of @entity51 were identified. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (23/30, 76.7 %) developed @entity51 immediately after surgery. After a mean of 58.8 months (32-79 months), 19 @entity1 (19/30, 63.3 %) showed no residual @entity51 . Among the remaining 11 (11/30, 36.7 %), nine @entity1 had tolerable symptoms and two @entity1 had major @entity51 including significant @entity425 and @entity1109 . @entity5 tended to be at greater risk of @entity51 after surgery. One recurrence of the @entity5 was seen two years after surgery. There were no cases of reoperation or malignant transformation CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of cases, @entity808 in the lower limb can be excised with acceptable risk for @entity51 . However, meticulous dissection is required in large-sized @entity808 because these @entity5 seem to have a higher frequency of @entity130 during dissection.

title: Surgical outcome of XXXX arising from major peripheral nerves in the lower limb.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Schwannomas', 'Schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Larger tumours', 'tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sensory impairments']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['fascicular injury']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannomas']


abstract: Little is known of the relations between @entity716 , religion and suicide. One hundred and fifteen outpatients with @entity161 or @entity1316 and 30 inpatients without @entity716 symptoms were studied using a semi-structured interview assessing religiousness/spirituality. Their past suicide attempts were examined. Additionally, they were asked about the role (protective or incentive) of religion in their decision to commit suicide. Forty-three percent of the @entity1 with @entity716 had previously attempted suicide. Religiousness was not associated with the rate of @entity1 who attempted suicide. Twenty-five percent of all subjects acknowledged a protective role of religion, mostly through ethical condemnation of suicide and religious coping. One out of ten @entity1 reported an incentive role of religion, not only due to negatively connotated issues but also to the hope for something better after death. There were no differences between groups (i.e. @entity716 vs. non- @entity716 @entity1 ). Religion may play a specific role in the decisions @entity1 make about suicide, both in @entity716 and non- @entity716 @entity1 . This role may be protective, a finding particularly important for @entity1 with @entity716 who are known to be at high risk of severe suicide attempts. Interventions aiming to lower the number of suicide attempts in @entity1 with @entity161 should take these data into account.

title: Effect of religion on suicide attempts in outpatients with @entity161 or XXXX compared with inpatients with non-psychotic disorders.

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['schizo-affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['schizo-affective disorders']


abstract: Direct analysis of @entity888 , @entity4944 , and @entity39522 in urine was achieved by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar EKC. A bare fused- @entity3440 capillary (40 cm, 50 microm id) was filled with @entity1391 buffer (80 mM, pH 3, containing 20% @entity2830 ). Then a high-conductivity buffer (100 mM @entity1391 , pH 3; 6.9 kPa for 2.5 min) was injected. Samples were loaded using electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 600 s) which created long zones of cationic analytes. To enhance sensitivity by sweeping, the stacking step was performed using a @entity1391 buffer (50 mM, pH 3, containing 20% ACN and 100 mM @entity214 ) at -20 kV before separation by MEKC. This method was capable of detecting the analytes at ppb levels. The calibration plots were linear (r(2) >or= 0.9948) over a range of 100-5000 ng/mL for @entity888 , and 100-2000 ng/mL for @entity4944 and @entity39522 . The LODs (S/N = 3) were 20 ng/mL for @entity888 , and 15 ng/mL for @entity4944 and @entity39522 . The method was applied to analysis of 14 urine samples of addicts and is suitable for screening suspected samples for forensic purposes. The results showed good agreement with fluorescence polarization immunoassay and GC-MS.

title: Cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping MEKC for direct analysis of XXXX and its metabolites in urine.

entities_list: @entity39522 :: ('MESH:C005877', 'Chemical') :: ['p-hydroxymethamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite the advances in surgical technique and postoperative care, infectious complications are associated with high mortality rates. Acinetobacter species are emerging as a leading worldwide nosocomial pathogen in intensive care unit (ICU) @entity1 . This study was designed to evaluate the results of the @entity1 who developed @entity19650 in the ICU after liver transplantation. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 220 @entity1 who had undergone liver transplantation between August 2011 and August 2012. Among the 55 positive culture results with clinical signs of @entity19650 was the single infectious agent for 10 of them, who were included in the study. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 43.1    11.79 years with a male dominance (70%, n = 7). Eighty percent of the @entity1 underwent living donor liver transplantations (n = 8). Mean Model for End-stage @entity409 score was 28.5    14.99. @entity813 was present in 50% (n = 5), all of whom had a history of preoperative hospitalization (100%, n = 10). Forty percent (n = 4) of @entity1 had a history of @entity6 and 60% were subject to extended mechanical ventilation. Mean platelet count was 20.32    8.1   10(9)/mL. The majority of the @entity1 had multiple culture-positive sites (90%, n = 9). Positive culture results for Acinetobacter species included bloodstream (n = 8), drain fluid (n = 5), sputum (n = 3), paracenthesis material (n = 3), and catheter (n = 1). The mean period of postoperative positive culture results was 12.7    9.5 days. Mortality was 90% (n = 9). CONCLUSION: @entity19650 in the ICU after liver transplantation were asociated with a high mortality presenting with @entity882 .

title: XXXX in a liver transplantation intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['Graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity19650 :: ('MESH:D000151', 'Disease') :: ['infection, Acinetobacter', 'Acinetobacter infections', 'Acinetobacter infection']

answer: @entity19650 :: (MESH:D000151,Disease) :: ['Acinetobacter infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Conflicting results have been reported concerning the usefulness of radiotherapy for unresectable @entity788 . We evaluated the clinical efficacy of intraoperative radiotherapy and/or external beam radiotherapy in combination with bypass surgery. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-six @entity1 with unresectable @entity788 (16 in Stage II-III and 10 in Stage IV) were treated with intraoperative radiotherapy plus external beam radiotherapy (16 @entity1 ) or intraoperative radiotherapy alone (10 @entity1 ). The dose of intraoperative radiotherapy was either 25 or 30 Gy and the external beam radiotherapy dose was 31-60 Gy. The feasibility and clinical outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: The median survival time for Stage II-III and Stage IV were 11.5 and 6.5 months, respectively. The difference between Stage II-III and Stage IV in survival patterns was statistically significant (P < 0.05). For Stage II-III @entity1 , the survival curves between the groups of intraoperative radiotherapy plus external beam radiotherapy and intraoperative radiotherapy alone were not significantly different, and only performance status was a significant factor in the prognosis (P < 0.05). @entity360 was noted in 8%, but did not occur in the @entity1 treated with an external beam radiotherapy dose less than 50 Gy. Palliative radiation was successfully performed to relieve @entity158 , @entity1087 and @entity1277 and to shorten the hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The combination therapy with intraoperative radiotherapy and bypass surgery is considered to be tolerable and effective for unresectable @entity788 , and also may improve the quality of life of the @entity1 .

title: Intraoperative radiotherapy and bypass surgery for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite-loss']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Most left ventricular inferior wall @entity439 are classified as false, and they have a narrow neck and exhibit rapid flow. Inferior wall @entity2849 that develop soon after primary percutaneous intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting for @entity583 are rare. We report the case of a 64-year-old @entity1 who had a wide-necked left ventricular inferior wall @entity2849 that developed soon after surgery for an @entity583 and post-infarction @entity339 that occurred as a mechanical complication. The surgery consisted of coronary artery bypass grafting and mitral valve replacement. After the surgery, congestive @entity712 developed. At reoperation, we found a large @entity2849 that had caused tearing of the chordae tendineae of the posterior mitral leaflet and scarring around the inferior wall defect. The inferior wall defect had formed the wide neck of the left @entity67 . We excised the @entity2849 and the scar tissue and attached a small patch to the defect such that it decreased the left ventricular dimension. Our @entity1 survived the surgery and recovered completely. In @entity1 with @entity583 , left @entity67 can occur soon after coronary artery bypass grafting and surgery for a complication such as @entity339 . When a large portion of the left ventricular wall is infarcted and its removal would create a smaller cavity with compromised output, we recommend ventricular reconstruction by patch placement.

title: Left @entity67 after coronary artery bypass and valve replacement for post-infarction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular pseudoaneurysms', 'ventricular pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: Follicular @entity8790 (FDCS) are grouped with the histiocytic and @entity1544 . The natural history and response to different treatments have not been well established. The cases of 14 @entity1 with FDCS who were seen at M. D. Anderson between 1995 and 2005 were reviewed. Median @entity1 age was 48 years (range, 25-69 years). Histologically, four cases showed low-grade features, three cases showed low-grade features with focal high-grade features, and five cases showed high-grade features. @entity5 were positive for @entity10911 , @entity7527 , and @entity3432 in 83, 90, and 44% of cases, respectively. Twelve (92%) of 13 @entity5 were strongly positive for @entity470 . Information on initial treatment was available in 11 @entity1 , which included surgery alone in one @entity1 , surgery and radiation in two, surgery and chemotherapy in one, chemotherapy alone in three, chemotherapy and radiation in one, surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy in three @entity1 . In eight @entity1 the initial chemotherapy regimen was @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 . Complete remission was achieved in 7 (63%) of 11 @entity1 . Ten @entity1 were alive at a median follow up of 22 months, 3 (23%) of 13 had no evidence of disease, and 7 (53%) of 13 @entity1 were alive with disease. @entity242 is an aggressive @entity5 . Although most of the @entity1 initially responded to treatment, the majority of them (81%) relapsed. A better understanding of the biology of FDCS could guide our efforts in the development of new treatment modalities for this rare disease.

title: XXXX : a report of 14 cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['Follicular sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity8790 :: ('MESH:D054740', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic cell sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic cell neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity8790 :: (MESH:D054740,Disease) :: ['Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma']


abstract: The binding of @entity1641 heart cytochrome c to @entity375 cytochrome c peroxidase in which the @entity1446 group was replaced by @entity13880 was determined by a fluorescence quenching technique. The association between ferricytochrome c and cytochrome c peroxidase was investigated at pH 6.0 in @entity3495 /KNO3 buffers. Ionic strength was varied between 3.5 mM and 1.0 M. No binding occurs at 1.0 M ionic strength although there was a substantial decrease in fluorescence intensity due to the inner filter effect. After correcting for the inner filter effect, significant quenching of @entity7170 cytochrome c peroxidase fluorescence by ferricytochrome c was observed at 0.1 M ionic strength and below. The quenching could be described by 1:1 complex formation between the two proteins. Values of the equilibrium dissociation constant determined from the fluorescence quenching data are in excellent agreement with those determined previously for the native enzyme-ferricytochrome c complex at pH 6.0 by difference spectrophotometry (J. E. Erman and L. B. Vitello (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 225, 6224-6227). The binding of both ferri- and ferrocytochrome c to cytochrome c peroxidase was investigated at pH 7.5 as functions of ionic strength in @entity1391 /KNO3 buffers using the fluorescence quenching technique. The binding in independent of the redox state of cytochrome c between 10 and 20 mM ionic strength, but ferricytochrome c binds with greater affinity at 30 mM ionic strength and above.

title: Binding of XXXX heart cytochrome c to @entity375 porphyrin cytochrome c peroxidase: a fluorescence quenching study on the ionic strength dependence of the interaction.

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin IX']

entities_list: @entity3495 :: ('MESH:D002101', 'Chemical') :: ['cacodylate']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The use of intravenous @entity26 carriers (packed red blood cells (PRBC), whole blood and synthetic haemoglobins (HBOCs) for selected pre-hospital @entity130 resuscitation cases has been reported, despite a lack of validated clinical indications. The aim of this study was to retrospectively identify a sub-group of adult major @entity130 @entity1 most likely to benefit from pre-hospital @entity26 carrier administration and determine the predictive relationship between pre-hospital shock index (SI) [pulse rate/systolic blood pressure] and @entity548 , blood transfusion and mortality. METHODS: A retrospective review of adult major @entity130 @entity1 recorded in The Alfred @entity130 Registry was conducted. @entity1 were included if they received at least 1L of pre-hospital crystalloid and spent over 30 min in transit. The association of shock index and transfusion was determined. @entity1 were further sub-grouped by mode of transport to determine the population of @entity130 @entity1 who could be included into prospective studies of intravenous @entity26 carriers. RESULTS: There were 1149 @entity1 included of whom 311 (21.9%) received an acute blood transfusion. The SI correlated well with transfusion practice. A SI >=  1.0, calculated after at least 1L of crystalloid transfusion, identified @entity1 with a high specificity (93.5%; 95% CI: 91.8-94.8) for receiving a blood transfusion within 4h of hospital arrival. While @entity1 transported by helicopter had higher @entity130 and blood transfusion requirement, there were no difference in physiological variables and outcomes when compared to @entity1 transported by road car. CONCLUSIONS: A shock index >=  1.0 is an easily calculated variable that may identify @entity1 for inclusion into trials for pre-hospital @entity26 carriers. Shocked @entity1 have high mortality rates whether transported by road car or by helicopter. The efficacy of pre-hospital intravenous @entity26 carriers should be trialled using a shock index >=  1.0 despite fluid resuscitation as the clinical trigger for administration.

title: The utility of a shock index >=  1 as an indication for pre-hospital @entity26 carrier administration in major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'injury severity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic shock']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The @entity22520 ( @entity22520 ) protein plays an important role in @entity741 and reperfusion (I/R) injury. @entity13736 ( @entity13737 ), a @entity1457 protein 72 inducer, has been reported to reduce myocardial I/R injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of @entity13737 during myocardial I/R injury in @entity35 . Anesthetized male @entity35 were treated once with @entity13737 (200 mg/kg, p.o.) 24 h before @entity63 , and subjected to @entity63 for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 4 h. @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), @entity908 kinase (CK), @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activity and @entity1188 size were measured. @entity22520 expression was assessed by immunoblotting. The results showed that pre-treatment with @entity13737 (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the @entity1188 size and the levels of LDH and CK after 4 h of reperfusion (all P<0.05). @entity13737 also significantly inhibited the increase in @entity1865 levels and the decrease in SOD levels (both P<0.05). Meanwhile, @entity13737 considerably suppressed the expression of @entity22520 induced by I/R. The present study suggests that @entity13737 is capable of attenuating myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting @entity22520 expression.

title: XXXX protects against @entity741 and reperfusion injury by inhibiting @entity22520 protein in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity13736 :: ('MESH:C031049', 'Chemical') :: ['Geranylgeranylacetone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity13736 :: (MESH:C031049,Chemical) :: ['Geranylgeranylacetone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Capillary refill time (CRT) has been advocated as a tool for rapid assessment of circulatory status. The correlation between neither CRT and mortality nor CRT and markers of circulatory status has been assessed. We performed a prospective observational cohort study to assess the relationship between CRT (using two existing definitions and as a continuous variable) and short-term mortality. METHODS: We included all acutely admitted adult @entity1 to a medical admission unit. We measured CRT, blood pressure, pulse, temperature and peripheral @entity26 saturation. We presented the data descriptively. Difference between continuous data was analysed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test and categorical data using   (2) test. The primary endpoint was 1-day all-cause mortality. RESULTS: 3046 @entity1 were enrolled and CRT was measured on 1935. In univariate analyses, we found increasing all-cause 1-day mortality with all definitions of CRT. Performing multivariable analysis, controlling for age, sex, mean blood pressure, pulse, temperature and peripheral @entity26 saturation, we found increasing CRT as a continuous variable and according to the Schriger and Baraff definition to be associated with increased mortality. Both the @entity130 score and Schriger and Baraff definitions had high negative predictive values. The calculations on the Schriger and Baraff defition were based on limited power. CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant association between CRT measured as a continuous variable and short-term mortality. Using the definition of Schriger and Baraff also seems appropriate, but this is based on calculations of limited power.

title: Capillary refill time is a predictor of short-term mortality for adult XXXX admitted to a medical department: an observational cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and @entity25 ( @entity25 ) interruption and sleep recovery on mechanical and thermal @entity158 sensitivity in healthy adults. Nine healthy male volunteers (age 26--43 years) were randomly assigned in this double blind and crossover study to undergo either REM sleep or @entity25 interruption. Periods of 6 consecutive laboratory nights separated by at least 2 weeks were designed as follows: N1 Adaptation night; N2 Baseline night; N3 @entity1949 (40 h); N4 and N5 @entity25 or REM sleep interruption; N6 Recovery. Sleep was recorded and scored using standard methods. Tolerance thresholds to mechanical and thermal @entity158 were assessed using an electronic pressure dolorimeter and a thermode operating on a Peltier principle. Relative to baseline levels, @entity1949 decreased significantly @entity158 thresholds (-8%). Both REM sleep and @entity25 interruption tended to decrease @entity158 thresholds. Recovery sleep, after @entity25 interruption produced a significant increase in @entity158 thresholds (+ 15%). Recovery sleep after REM sleep interruption did not significantly increase @entity158 thresholds. No significant differences in thermal @entity158 thresholds were detected between and within periods. In conclusion this experimental study in healthy adult volunteers has demonstrated an @entity1931 effect related to 40 h @entity1949 and an analgesic effect related to @entity25 recovery. The analgesic effect of @entity25 recovery is apparently greater than the analgesia induced by level I (World Health Organization) analgesic compounds in @entity158 experiments in healthy volunteers.

title: The effects of @entity1949 , selective sleep interruption and sleep recovery on XXXX tolerance thresholds in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['total sleep deprivation', 'TSD', 'Total sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave sleep', 'SWS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Longitudinal ultrasound and endocrine evaluations were conducted in two adult female Sumatran rhinoceroses ( @entity22607 ) over a period of 12-22 months to learn more about their reproductive physiology. Rectal ultrasonography was conducted to monitor ovarian activity. Blood samples were collected and analysed for @entity1420 and LH, and faecal samples were analysed for progestin metabolites. One female showed cyclic ovarian activity during the study period, whereas the other female showed no evidence of ovarian activity. The cyclic @entity22607 appeared to be an induced ovulator, the first of its kind reported within the Perrisodactyla. Ultrasound examinations of the ovaries revealed the formation of anovulatory haemorrhagic follicles when the animal was not mated. These follicles appeared to undergo varied degrees of luteinization that resulted in irregular faecal progestin profiles. When allowed to mate, the female showed a 21 day reproductive cycle that was reflected in both faecal progestin and serum @entity1420 profiles. The concentration of serum LH was baseline before mating, increased approximately 30-fold within 1-2 h of intromission and returned to baseline within 22 h. Ovulation occurred within 46 h of copulation. The female conceived three times during the study. Pregnancy was detected using ultrasonography 14-16 days after mating, and the concentration of both serum @entity1420 and faecal progestins remained high. Early embryogenesis appeared to be similar to that in @entity1641 . However, each pregnancy terminated unexpectedly within the first 3 months of gestation. This study demonstrates the important role that basic research and reproductive technology can play in developing a natural breeding programme for an endangered animal in captivity.

title: Ultrasound and endocrine evaluation of the ovarian cycle and early pregnancy in the XXXX , @entity22607 .

entities_list: @entity22607 :: ('89632', 'Species') :: ['Dicerorhinus sumatrensis', 'Sumatran rhinoceros']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity22607 :: (89632,Species) :: ['Sumatran rhinoceros']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Spreading depolarization (SD) occurs after @entity131 , @entity510 , malignant @entity64 and @entity932 . SD has been associated with secondary @entity1545 , which can be reduced by @entity3652 . In this present study frequency bands of electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings were investigated with regards to SDs. METHODS: A total of 43 @entity1 after @entity131 were included in this retrospective and explorative study. Relative delta 0.5-4Hz, theta 4-8Hz, alpha 8-13Hz and beta 13-40Hz bands were analyzed with regards to SD occurrence and analgesic and sedative administration. Higher frequencies, including gamma 40-70Hz, fast gamma 70-100Hz and high frequency oscillations 100-200Hz were analyzed in a subset of @entity1 with a sampling rate of up to 400Hz. RESULTS: A close association of relative beta frequency and SD was found. Relative beta frequency was suppressed up to two hours prior to SD when compared to hours with no SD. This finding was partially explained by administration of @entity3652 . Even after removal of all @entity1 data during administration of @entity3652 , SDs occurred predominantly during times with low relative beta frequency in a @entity1 -independent analysis. CONCLUSION: Suppression of beta frequency by @entity3652 or without @entity3652 is associated with low SD counts. SIGNIFICANCE: Alteration of beta frequency might help to predict occurrence of SDs in acutely brain injured @entity1 .

title: Changes in electrocorticographic beta frequency components precede spreading depolarization in XXXX with @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'acute brain injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and endoscopic management of esophageal @entity850 formation, significant @entity1066 , massive @entity2910 , and perforation resulting from endoscopic band ligation or sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. METHODS: Consecutive esophagogastroduodenoscopies in which band ligation or sclerotherapy was performed for acute or obliterative therapy were entered into a computerized endoscopy database during a 7-yr period. @entity1 were excluded if they died within 72 h of treatment session from complications unrelated to the procedure. Sclerotherapy was performed using a 25-gauge needle with 1.5% @entity13420 and banding was primarily performed with a @entity2360 or 10 shooter. Complications were assessed at scheduled endoscopy and outpatient clinic visits, review of quality assurance data tallied on a monthly basis, and @entity1 records. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-one cases of sclerotherapy were performed in 59 @entity1 compared to 110 cases of band ligation in 52 @entity1 . Five @entity1 were excluded because of @entity204 within 72 h of the procedure. The incidence of complications from sclerotherapy:banding on a per @entity1 basis included: esophageal @entity850 formation 25.6%:1.9%, @entity1066 bleed 25.4%:5.7%, esophageal perforation 2.2%:0%, and massive @entity2910 1.6%:0%. A significant difference in complications between sclerotherapy and band ligation was noted for both @entity850 formation (p < 0.0005) and @entity1066 (p < 0.0001). The majority of @entity1066 required no therapeutic intervention, whereas @entity850 formation required multiple dilation sessions. CONCLUSIONS: Band ligation has a significantly lower incidence of @entity850 formation and @entity1066 compared to sclerotherapy. The majority of complications can be managed with endoscopic interventions.

title: Incidence and management of esophageal XXXX formation, @entity1066 , perforation, and massive hematoma formation from sclerotherapy versus band ligation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13420 :: ('MESH:D012981', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium tetradecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer bleeds', 'ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stricture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of an aromatase inhibitor ( @entity4672 ) with the use of @entity4082 (CC). DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: An @entity249 clinic in a university hospital. @entity1 (S): Seventy-four consecutive @entity249 @entity1 with @entity3610 were recruited. Thirty-eight @entity1 were randomized to the @entity4672 group (99 cycles), and the remaining @entity1 were recruited to the CC group (95 cycles). INTERVENTION(S): The aromatase inhibitor @entity4672 (2.5 mg/d) and CC (100 mg/d) were administered orally on days 3-7 of menses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Number of follicles, endometrial thickness, E(2) levels on hCG day, and pregnancy rates among both groups. RESULT(S): Ovulation occurred in 65.7% (65/99) of @entity4672 cycles and in 74.7% (71/95) of CC cycles. The median (minimum-maximum) number of follicles sized >15 mm in diameter on the day of hCG administration were 1 (0-4) and 1 (0-5) in the @entity4672 and CC groups, respectively. On the day of hCG administration, median serum E(2) concentrations in the @entity4672 and CC groups were statistically significantly different: 189 pg/mL (18-1,581 pg/mL) and 386 pg/mL (27-6,190 pg/mL), respectively. The median serum E(2) concentrations per follicle sized >15 mm in diameter on the day of hCG also statistically significantly differed between the @entity4672 and CC groups: 160 pg/mL (18-808 pg/mL) and 281 pg/mL (27-2,615 pg/mL), respectively. The median endometrial thickness on the day of hCG did not significantly differ between the CC and @entity4672 groups; it was 8 mm. Pregnancy was achieved in nine cycles (9.1%) of the @entity4672 group and in seven cycles (7.4%) of the CC group, which also was not a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION(S): The aromatase inhibitor @entity4672 may be an acceptable alternative to CC as an ovulation-induction drug in @entity1 with @entity3610 .

title: Use of an aromatase inhibitor in XXXX with @entity3610 : a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rapid changes in socioeconomic environment and their diverse patterns in China raise a question: how socio-environmental factors affect @entity565 in China. We performed a multilevel analysis based on a 2005 national survey to understand the association between environmental factors and @entity565 , and to provide insights on developing prevention strategies. METHODS: A multi-center, cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018 school-aged @entity1 chosen from eight Chinese cities. @entity1 of 6-13 years old were chosen randomly from schools of 39 centers in 8 cities. The multilevel analysis was made to assess both individual-level and city-level risk factors. The effect of gross domestic product ( @entity3006 ) was further investigated by analysis of the factors. RESULTS: Analysis of city-level environmental factors showed that @entity3006 [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.88], particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter  <=10  m (PM10) (adjusted OR=1.37), and average humidity (adjusted OR=1.33) were strong risk factors. Further analysis of the factors decomposed @entity3006 into two major factors, the first represented by urban construction, energy consumption, @entity7459 concentration, and the second represented by health-system coverage. This suggested that the negative effects of @entity3006 outweighed its positive effects on @entity565 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity565 varies significantly in the eight Chinese cities. Socioenvironmental factors such as @entity3006 , PM10 and average humidity are strong risk factors controlling individual attributes, suggesting that balance is needed between public health and economic development in China.

title: Environmental risk factor assessment: a multilevel analysis of XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['childhood asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether adjunctive therapy with recombinant @entity1 @entity2841 (rhGM-CSF) could reverse @entity1398 and improve neonatal survival and to assess its safety compared with conventional therapy in a control group. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective, randomized, controlled trial was performed in 60 @entity1 with @entity1398 and clinical signs of @entity295 . A subcutaneous injection of rhGM-CSF (5 microgram/kg/day) was administered to 30 of the @entity1 for 7 consecutive days. Hematologic parameters (absolute neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte counts, and platelet number) and outcome were compared with 30 conventionally treated (control) @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 from the @entity2841 -treated group and 24 from the conventionally treated group had early-onset @entity295 (</=3 days' postnatal age), and the other 11 @entity1 had late-onset @entity295 (>3 days' postnatal age). There was no difference between groups in terms of birth weight; gestational age; gender; maturity; maternal age; and incidence of @entity1162 , maternal @entity101 , or severity of @entity295 . All neonates tolerated @entity2841 well with no adverse reactions. The absolute neutrophil count on day 7 was significantly increased in the @entity2841 -treated group compared with the conventionally treated group: 8088 +/- 2822/mm(3) versus 2757 +/- 823/mm(3). The mean platelet count was significantly higher on days 14 in the @entity2841 -treated group compared with conventionally treated group: 266 867 +/- 55 102/mm(3) versus 229 200 +/- 52 317/mm(3). Hematologic parameters were otherwise similar between groups before treatment and on day 28. Twenty-seven neonates in the rh- @entity2841 group and 21 in the control group survived to hospital discharge. The mortality rate in the rhGM-CSF group (10%) was significantly lower than in the conventionally treated group (30%). CONCLUSION: Treatment with rhGM-CSF is associated with an increase in absolute neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts and decreased mortality in critically ill septic neutropenic neonates. These results suggest that rhGM-CSF may be effective in the treatment of @entity295 with @entity1398 , and further randomized trials are needed to confirm its beneficial effects.

title: A randomized trial of XXXX in neonates with @entity295 and @entity1398 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis-associated neonatal neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['GMCSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION. The treatment of @entity936 by autologous serum is a simple and inexpensive treatment option. It is particularly effective in severe forms of @entity936 as well as for @entity4858 , and it is justified by the presence of essential tear components which are not found in preparations of artificial tears. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of autologous serum therapy in the @entity1 with @entity936 . MATERIAL AND METHODS. We monitored the effect of one-month treatment of @entity936 by autologous serum (used with artificial tear preparations) in 50 rheumatology @entity1 (23 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 ) aged 26-65 years at the Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Center Nis. We analyzed ocular discomfort and the values of objective parameters for the evaluation of tear film at baseline and one month later (Schirmer I, Tears Break Up Time and Rose Bengal). RESULTS. A statistically significant reduction of subjective complaints was found in the @entity1 after the treatment by autologous serum (p<0.05), along with a minimal improvement of objective tests for checking the tear film quality. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. The use ofautologous serum in @entity936 therapy should provide benefit to the @entity1 , relieve symptoms and improve objective parameters for the evaluation of @entity936 . Both doctors and @entity1 should be adequately informed, and proper screening of potential users of this method should be done. Not only additional tests of therapeutic effect of autologous serum (as well as of umbilical cord serum or autologous plasma) are needed but also parallel clinical and histopathological examination and analysis of the effects of this type of treatment of @entity936 .

title: [Autologous serum in treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['chemical eye injuries']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry eye']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The atheroprotective role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) particles as measured by HDL-C level in @entity453 ( @entity453 ) remains unsettled. The aim of our study was to ascertain whether HDL-C was associated with the development and severity of @entity453 in Chinese @entity1 who underwent coronary angiogram with low background Low-density lipoprotein ( @entity11429 ) levels, which has not been previously investigated. METHODS: Between March 1995 and May 2000, 566 consecutive @entity1 (408 males, 66.7    11.3 years of age) with background @entity11429 less than 100 mg/dl who underwent coronary artery angiography at our cath lab for suspected @entity453 were retrospectively recruited into the study. The severity of @entity301 was measured by conventional coronary angiography and modified Gensini scores. RESULTS: In those subjects with significant @entity301 , there were more males and conventional @entity453 risk factors of @entity6 , smoking, and @entity740 . They were also older compared to those in the control group. However, total @entity165 , @entity11429 , HDL-C, @entity412 levels and use of statins were similar in both groups. In those subjects with significant @entity301 , there was no difference in conventional coronary lesion severity or modified Gensini score between the quartered HDL-C subgroups. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between serum HDL-C level and modified Gensini scores. In linear regression analysis, HDL-C was not an independent predictor for modified Gensini scores. Furthermore, HDL-C was also not an independent risk factor for the presence of significant @entity301 in low @entity11429 @entity1 in logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In Chinese @entity1 with low background @entity11429 , serum HDL-C was not associated with development of @entity453 or lesion severity in @entity1 with suspected @entity453 . Therefore, HDL-C did not appear to be atheroprotective in these @entity1 . KEY WORDS: @entity453 ; Gensini score; High-density lipoprotein @entity165 .

title: Lack of Association between High-Density Lipoprotein @entity165 and Angiographic Coronary Lesion Severity in Chinese XXXX with Low Background Low-Density Lipoprotein @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'Coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease', 'coronary arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an understudied @entity5 with poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to elucidate the genomic foundations of @entity5 . DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a large-scale integrated analysis of mutations, gene expression profiles, and copy number alterations in @entity5 at a single tertiary-care @entity5 institution. METHODS: Mass spectrometry-based genotyping was used to interrogate hot spot point mutations in the most common thyroid oncogenes: @entity817 , @entity8958 , @entity8497 , @entity8498 , @entity984 , @entity10160 , @entity12363 , and @entity584 . In addition, common oncogenic fusions of @entity8958 and @entity2250 as well as @entity15529 /PPARy and @entity23603 - @entity817 were also assessed by RT-PCR. Global copy number changes and gene expression profiles were determined in the same @entity5 set as the mutational analyses. RESULTS: We report that the mutational, transcriptional, and copy number profiles of @entity5 were distinct from those of @entity3557 and @entity259 , indicating @entity5 to be a unique type of @entity1374 . Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of gene expression showed the 3 groups of @entity5 (Hurthle cell adenoma [HA], minimally invasive @entity1358 [HMIN], and widely invasive @entity1358 [HWIDE] clustered separately with a marked difference between HWIDE and HA. Global copy number analysis also indicated distinct subgroups of @entity5 that may arise as HWIDE and HMIN. Molecular pathways that differentiate HA from HWIDE included the @entity10160 and Wnt/b-catenin pathways, potentially providing a rationale for new targets for this type of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide evidence that @entity5 may be a unique @entity259 distinct from @entity3557 .

title: Genomic dissection of XXXX reveals a unique class of @entity1374 .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and follicular thyroid cancer', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Hurthle cell cancer', 'Hurthle tumors', 'cancer', 'HCC', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'follicular thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Hurthle cell carcinoma']


abstract: We reviewed four surgical cases of purely third @entity976 , focusing on surgical outcomes and adjuvant treatments. From 2002 to 2008, we performed surgical treatments, via a transcallosal transforaminal approach, on four @entity1 . All were males, with a median age of 42 (36-45) years. Most @entity1 complained of @entity10 , while two (50%) @entity1 presented with @entity227 , and one (25%) presented with an endocrinological disturbance. @entity1 ' follow-up periods ranged from 1.6 to 8.6 years. We totally removed the @entity5 in each of the four @entity1 . The @entity5 originated in the infundibulum of the third ventricular floor. The pituitary stalk was anatomically preserved. The histopathological findings showed the adamantinomatous type of @entity976 in all @entity1 . Postoperatively, two @entity1 who had experienced @entity227 showed improvement, and there was no aggravation. Two @entity1 had intact pituitary functioning, while two needed complete hormone replacement. The @entity1 experienced no surgery-related complications. Two @entity1 experienced recurrences 4.5 and 1.6 years later. One @entity1 received gamma knife surgery for the recurred lesion, which controlled the lesion well. Purely third @entity976 showed @entity227 after surgery. Gamma knife surgery could be of help in the event of a recurred lesion.

title: Operative outcomes and adjuvant treatment of purely third XXXX after a transcallosal approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances', 'good visual and endocrinological outcomes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma', 'ventricle craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['ventricle craniopharyngioma']


abstract: The high risk of sustaining subsequent @entity174 after an initial @entity174 cannot be explained solely by low bone mass. Extra-osseous factors, such as neuromuscular characteristics may help to explain this clinical dilemma. Elderly @entity1 with (n = 11) and without (n = 14) @entity3604 performed rapid shoulder flexion to perturb the trunk while standing on a flat and short base. Neuromuscular postural responses of the paraspinal muscles at T6 and T12, and deep lumbar multifidus at L4 were recorded using intramuscular electromyography (EMG). Both groups demonstrated bursts of EMG that were initiated either before or shortly after the onset of shoulder flexion (P < 0.05). Paraspinal and multifidus onset occurred earlier in the non- @entity174 group (50-0 ms before deltoid onset) compared to the @entity174 group (25 ms before and 25 ms after deltoid onset) in the flat base condition. In the short base condition, EMG amplitude increased significantly above baseline earlier in the non- @entity174 group (75-25 ms before deltoid onset) compared to the @entity174 group (25-0 ms before deltoid onset) at T6 and T12; yet multifidus EMG increased above baseline earlier in the @entity174 group (50-25 ms before deltoid) compared to the non- @entity174 group (25-0 ms before deltoid). Time to reach maximum amplitude was shorter in the @entity174 group. Hypothetically, the longer time to initiate a postural response and shorter time to reach maximum amplitude in the @entity174 group may indicate a neuromuscular contribution towards subsequent @entity174 aetiology. This response could also be an adaptive characteristic of the central nervous system to minimise vertebral loading time.

title: Paraspinal muscle control in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic vertebral fracture']


abstract: @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) causes vasodilation and increases muscle @entity413 uptake independent of insulin. Recently, we have shown that @entity15212 recruits muscle microvasculature and increases muscle @entity413 use via a @entity842 (NO)-dependent mechanism. @entity12175 ( @entity12175 ) is a major signaling intermediate downstream of @entity15212 receptors. To examine whether @entity12175 mediates @entity15212 's microvascular action in muscle, @entity15212 was infused to overnight-fasted male @entity35 for 120 min in the presence or absence of H89, a @entity12175 inhibitor. Hindleg muscle microvascular recruitment and @entity413 use were determined. @entity15212 infusion acutely increased muscle microvascular blood volume within 30 min without altering microvascular blood flow velocity or blood pressure. This effect persisted throughout the 120-min infusion period, leading to a significant increase in muscle microvascular blood flow. These changes were paralleled with an approximately twofold increase in plasma NO levels and hindleg @entity413 extraction. Systemic infusion of H89 completely blocked @entity15212 -mediated muscle microvascular recruitment and increases in NO production and muscle @entity413 extraction. In cultured endothelial cells, @entity15212 acutely increased @entity12175 activity and stimulated endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation at Ser(1177) and NO production. @entity12175 inhibition abolished these effects. In ex vivo studies, perfusion of the distal saphenous artery with @entity15212 induced significant vasorelaxation that was also abolished by pretreatment of the vessels with @entity12175 inhibitor @entity9501 . We conclude that @entity15212 recruits muscle microvasculature by expanding microvascular volume and increases @entity413 extraction in muscle via a @entity12175 /NO-dependent pathway in the vascular endothelium. This may contribute to postprandial glycemic control and complication prevention in @entity6 .

title: @entity12175 mediates glucagon-like peptide 1-induced XXXX production and muscle microvascular recruitment.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Carotid endarterectomy for @entity731 has become the standard of care for the treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic occlusive disease of the carotid bifurcation, based on the results of the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial, as well as the Asymptomatic @entity2998 Study. For surgical treatment to be of benefit, the perioperative complication rate for neurological events should be 6% or less in the symptomatic population and 3% or less in the asymptomatic group. The performance of carotid endarterectomy for recurrent @entity850 and radiation-induced @entity850 has reported neurological events ranging from 4 to 10%. It is in this particular population that carotid angioplasty and stent placement may play a role. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 11 @entity1 who underwent carotid angioplasty and stent placement for recurrent or radiation-induced @entity850 . One @entity1 in whom endarterectomy was performed by the vascular surgery service had a critical @entity850 distal to the endarterectomy site and awoke with a @entity51 . This @entity1 underwent reexploration and placement of a stent in the artery distal to the arteriotomy site. The follow-up period ranged from 7 to 12 months. @entity1 age ranged from 65 to 77 years (mean 75 years). Five of eight @entity1 underwent angioplasty and stent placement for recurrent @entity731 . Two @entity1 had radiation-induced @entity850 , and one @entity1 had a stent placed intraoperatively. All @entity1 , with the exception of the one who underwent intraoperative stent placement, had posttreatment stenoses of less than 15%. The surgical @entity1 had a 30% residual @entity850 distally. There were no intra- or postoperative transient @entity63 attacks, major or minor @entity64 , or @entity204 . @entity1 who have recurrent or radiation-induced @entity850 are potential candidates for angioplasty and stent placement. Before this can be recommended as an alternative to surgical correction, a longer follow-up period is required.

title: Carotid angioplasty and stenting for recurrent and radiation-induced XXXX : preliminary experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['Carotid Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: To investigate the effect of @entity7604 (MIL) on systemic capacitance vessels, we measured the mean circulatory filling pressure (MCP) in anesthetized open chest @entity235 . We measured hemodynamic parameters (a) at baseline blood volume (BV), (b) immediately after bloodletting (5 ml/kg), and (c) immediately after dextran injection (5 ml/kg). These measurements were taken in a control group (n = 8) and in a MIL group (n = 8), where MIL (100 + 2.5 micrograms/kg/min) was administered i.v. The extra volume (EV) was obtained by extrapolating the straight line that was fit to the MCP-BV plot. MIL significantly decreased the EV, from 22.8 +/- 1.0 to 19.1 +/- 0.4 ml/kg, indicating that MIL dilates the systemic capacitance vessels. MIL shifted the right ventricular output curve to the left and upward and shifted the @entity1700 curve to the left and rotated it clockwise. Thus, @entity1700 was increased by decreasing the resistance to @entity1700 and by improving right ventricular pump function. Next we evaluated the effects of MIL (100 micrograms/kg) on systemic capacitance and resistance vessels from changes seen in the MCP and the total peripheral resistance (TPR), respectively. In the untreated @entity235 , MIL decreased TPR significantly without affecting MCP. In @entity235 pretreated with total spinal anesthesia or @entity5333 , MIL significantly decreased both MCP and TPR. This suggests that the intrinsic venodilator action of MIL is modified by the baroreflex in untreated animals. MIL decreased the MCP and TPR elevated previously by @entity1063 . One would, therefore, predict that MIL would dilate the systemic capacitance vessels in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: Effects of @entity7604 on systemic capacitance vessels in relation to XXXX and right ventricular pump function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['venous return']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['venous return']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risks of @entity263 detection in Thai @entity1 with abnormal @entity11179 or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE). MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and forty four Thai @entity1 with abnormal @entity11179 or abnormal DRE or both were biopsied at the prostate gland with the use of transrectal ultrasound guide biopsy (TRUSBX). The risks of @entity263 detection were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean age was 65.7 years old (S.D. = 9.88). The risks of positive biopsy according to the @entity11179 levels of 0-4 ng/ml, 4.1-10 ng/ml, 10.1-20 ng/ml, 20.1-50 ng/ml, 50.1-100 ng/ml and more than 100 ng/ml were 6.25 per cent, 6.67 per cent, 10.8 per cent, 33.3 per cent, 60 per cent and 100 per cent, respectively. The risks of positive biopsy according to DRE appearances of total hard consistency, nodule, induration and @entity1067 were 57.1 per cent, 23.5 per cent, 34.6 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively. Of 144 @entity1 , 32 had @entity263 . Radical prostatectomy was performed on 15 @entity1 with clinically localized disease. Ten @entity1 (66.6%) had free margin on their pathological specimens and 6 (40%) had organ confined disease. CONCLUSION: @entity11179 testing alone or DRE alone is not a perfect test to diagnose @entity263 since @entity263 may present in @entity1 with normal @entity11179 or @entity1 with no suspicious @entity5 DRE. For early detection of @entity263 , both @entity11179 testing and DRE need to be performed. When either @entity11179 testing or DRE or both is abnormal, TRUSBX should be carried out.

title: The risks of XXXX detection by transrectal ultrasound guide biopsy in Thai @entity1 with abnormal prostatic-specific antigen or abnormal digital rectal examination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of prostate', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity11179 :: ('9520', 'Gene') :: ['prostatic-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Assessments of abortion levels and trends by @entity1 's age at termination can be used to monitor trends in unintended pregnancy by age and can inform relevant programs and policies. METHODS: Legal abortion incidence data were compiled from national statistical offices and nationally representative surveys of more than 40 countries where legal abortion is generally available. Age-specific abortion rates and percentage distributions of @entity5852 by age were computed, and trends since 1996 and 2003 were examined. Subregional and regional estimates were developed for geographic areas where the majority of the population was represented by the data. RESULTS: The median year for the most recent estimates of @entity5852 by @entity1 's age was 2009. Adolescents accounted for a smaller share of @entity5852 than their share of the population in the majority of eligible countries with data. In most countries, the highest age-specific abortion rates and proportions of @entity5852 were among @entity1 aged 20-29. Since 1996, adolescent abortion rates have increased the most in Belgium, the Netherlands and Scotland (22-42%), and have decreased the most in Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Slovakia and Slovenia (40-55%). The proportion of @entity5852 obtained by adolescents was higher in North America (18%) than in Europe overall (11%), although the proportion in Northern Europe (18%) was the same as that in North America. CONCLUSIONS: Higher abortion rates in particular age-groups probably reflect higher-than-average levels of unmet need for contraception or difficulty using methods consistently and effectively, and a stronger desire to avoid childbearing. Each of the patterns observed has implications for service and information needs within countries.

title: Legal abortion levels and trends by XXXX 's age at termination.

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3441 of the Finnish type (CNFS) is caused by mutations in the @entity6333 gene. This disease manifests as massive @entity644 , gross peripheral @entity4 , and @entity843 during the first weeks of life. In the last few years the prognosis has improved due to new treatment strategies: antiproteinuria drugs, intensive nutrition, nephrectomy, dialysis, and renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of these therapeutic measures. @entity1 AND METHOD: We performed a descriptive retrospective epidemiological study of 12 @entity1 diagnosed with CNSF between January 1985 and August 2005. We included @entity1 aged less than 14 years old with massive @entity644 and generalized @entity4 during the neonatal period, a large placenta (> 25 % of birth weight), and normal glomerular filtration rate during the first 6 months of life, in whom other causes of @entity3441 were ruled out. RESULTS: The diagnosis was established after a median period of 17 days (range 6-30). The most commonly used treatments were albumin infusions (91.7 %), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (66.7 %), and @entity3352 (58.3 %). Dialysis was started in 58.3 %, at a median age of 3.76 years (2.81-7.6). The main complication was @entity298 (85.7 %). Renal transplantation was performed in 58.3 % of the @entity1 ; of these, 71.4 % have normal renal function after a median follow-up of 3.73 years (0.8-6.3). The median plasma albumin level during the pretransplant period was 0.17 g/dL (0.12-0.28). Plasma @entity165 and @entity412 levels decreased significantly after renal transplantation (p = 0.043). Fifty percent of the @entity1 achieved adequate height and weight for their age and gender. Mortality was 33.3 %. CONCLUSION: Antiproteinuria drugs and intensive nutritional therapy improve clinical control and delay the start of dialysis and renal transplantation, increasing the probability of success.

title: [Evaluation of therapeutic strategies in XXXX of the Finnish type].

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nephrotic syndrome', 'Congenital nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['acute peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3441 :: (MESH:C535761,Disease) :: ['congenital nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Poorly differentiated @entity259 (PDTC) presents the endocrinologist and surgeon with challenges of recognition and treatment given the lack of consensus on histopathologic definition and limited literature on surgical and nonsurgical treatment. METHODS: We offer an operational pathologic definition for PDTC, which should help guide future work in this area. Poorly differentiated @entity259 should include insular and trabecular variants but should not include @entity66 (included by other workers) or more differentiated @entity5 that may have poor prognosis such as tall cell, columnar, diffuse sclerosing, and oncocytic lesions. Systematic evidence-based literature reviews focusing on two questions were carried out: (1) is PDTC associated with an intermediate prognosis relative to anaplastic and WDTC? and (2) What are the postoperative treatment options for poorly differentiated @entity259 ? CONCLUSIONS: We have found level IV evidence that PDTC is intermediate between WDTC and @entity5 in terms of prognosis. It represents a disease where appropriate administration of aggressive treatment not typically necessary for routine WDTC and not effective for anaplastic disease may uniquely result in substantial benefit. Limited level IV data show conflicting results regarding 131I treatment benefit. Given lack of morbidity and potential for benefit, we recommend that 131I therapy be considered in all @entity1 postoperatively. Recommendation regarding external beam radiotherapy (XRT) is based primarily on extrapolation from studies in forms of poor-prognosis WDTC where substantial data exist regarding treatment benefit. We recommend that external beam treatment be considered in all @entity1 with PDTC with @entity5 without distant @entity3 , all @entity1 with @entity5 , and all @entity1 with regional lymph node involvement.

title: An evidence-based review of poorly differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['solid type lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T4 tumors', 'anaplastic cancers', 'T3 tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Commercial airline travel poses a recognized risk to @entity1 with @entity1576 , including in those with @entity565 . @entity519 challenge testing (HCT) is typically employed to mitigate this risk by dictating in-flight @entity26 requirement. METHODS: The role of HCT has not been formally studied in @entity1 with severe @entity565 and we therefore evaluated HCT assessment in a cohort of @entity1 with severe @entity565 (N = 37). RESULTS: Over half (57%) of @entity1 had a positive HCT. Baseline @entity26 saturation (Spo2) was poorly predictive of a recommendation for supplementary @entity26 in flight; two-thirds of those deemed to require @entity26 had a baseline Spo2 > 95%. A combination of any two of: Pao2  <= 10.5 kPa, FEV1  <= 60% predicted, and PEF  <= 350 L    min(-1) predicted the need for in-flight @entity26 with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 69%. Furthermore, no @entity1 with an Spo2 > 95% and FEV1 > 85% predicted had a positive HCT. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings indicate that HCT should be considered for all @entity1 with severe @entity565 , regardless of resting @entity26 saturation level. George PM, Orton C, Ward S, Menzies-Gow A, Hull JH. @entity519 challenge testing for fitness to @entity238 with severe @entity565 . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(6):571-574.

title: XXXX Challenge Testing for Fitness to @entity238 with Severe @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adults with @entity717 ( @entity717 ) are known to be very vulnerable to @entity458 . This may result partly from their lack of sexual knowledge and their powerless position in society. It could also be exacerbated by an ignorance of the law. This study investigates their understanding of the law relating to sexuality. METHOD: Understanding of the law regarding sexual relationships, consent and abuse was assessed in 60 adults with @entity717 (mean age 37.6 years) and 60 young @entity1 aged 16-18 years (deemed in law capable of consenting to a sexual relationship). Questions were wide ranging, including general laws around sexuality and abuse, as well as the law relating to @entity458 . RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups: adults with @entity717 had a very limited understanding of the general laws relating to sexuality (e.g. age of consent, incest, abuse), as well as the law relating to @entity458 (e.g. whether they could have sexual relationships, whether they were allowed to marry, what protection they should expect from the law). Young @entity1 without disabilities showed a better understanding, both for general laws and for those relating specifically to adults with @entity717 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that there is a need to educate @entity1 with @entity717 about the laws relating to sexuality. It is important for @entity1 to understand the law and, given the high rates of @entity458 perpetrated against @entity1 with ID, it is essential for them to benefit from the protection the law affords. The new law in England (Sexual Offences Act 2003) post-dated this study. It will be interesting to see whether the new legislation is easier for @entity1 with and without disabilities to understand.

title: Sexual relationships in adults with XXXX : understanding the law.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities', 'IDs']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexuality and IDs', 'sexual abuse', 'sexual relationships and ID']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disabilities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intramuscular @entity20574 injection on hepatic tissues using an in vivo histopathological animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve New Zealand white @entity95 were used for this randomized, controlled, single-blinded interventional study. For 6 days, 1 gluteus maximus muscle was injected daily with 1 mcg/kg of @entity20574 in 6 @entity95 (Group A). The remaining 6 @entity95 (to determine to normal porto-hepatic morphology of the @entity95 genus) were in the sham group (Group B). At the end of the 7th day, all @entity95 were killed and livers were meticulously harvested. Microscopically, regional tissues were scored according to portal @entity32 , focal @entity39 , @entity39 , and total impact. RESULTS: Total impact score, portal @entity32 , focal @entity39 , and @entity39 were the histopathologic changes present in a higher incidence in the @entity20574 group compared with the control group. The differences were significant when the groups were compared according to total impact score, portal @entity32 , focal @entity39 , and @entity39 according to Pearson's correlation (p<0.05). The most significant differences were detected at the total impact scores (p=0.002) and the portal @entity32 scores (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that @entity20574 may damage hepatocytes. This can be the determined target for new therapeutic strategies. Further trials should be designed to obtain definitive results.

title: Investigation of the direct hepatic effects of intramuscular XXXX injection in an experimental @entity95 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'piecemeal necrosis']

answer: @entity20574 :: (100009129(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['interleukin-8']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of @entity8 associated with @entity115 , a retrospective review of exposures to @entity115 in @entity1 younger than 6 years as reported to the National Poison Data System was done. METHODS: All ingestions of @entity115 without coingestants in @entity1 younger than 6 years reported to the National Poison Data System from 2004 through 2008 were analyzed. Data included age, sex, management site, outcome, symptoms, amount ingested, certainty of amount, chronicity, weight, and therapy. The study was approved by the institutional review board. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the data. RESULTS: A total of 14,717 cases were identified. @entity8 occurred in 5 @entity1 (0.03%). In 1687 @entity1 (9.6%), the total amount (in milligrams) was documented, and the median amount ingested was 1000 mg. In @entity1 with a known amount (in milligrams) along with the @entity1 's weight (n = 1356), the median amount was 82.6 mg/kg. In this group, 213 ingested greater than 250 mg/kg (range, 251.4-1531.1 mg/kg; median, 366.5 mg/kg). Treatment sites for this group included the following: treated in the home, 129 (60.6%); treated and released from an health care facility, 63 (29.6%); treated while admitted, 2 (0.9%); refused a referral, 7 (3.3%); lost to follow-up, 9 (4.2%); and managed at other sites, 3 (1.4%). Within this group, 94 @entity1 (44.1%) were followed up to a definitive outcome: 77 (81.9%) had no effect, 15 (16.0%) had minor symptoms, and 2 (2.1%) had moderate symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity8 may occur with @entity115 ingestions, it is rare and does not seem to be dose related.

title: XXXX @entity8 : how often does it occur?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal symptoms', 'renal toxicity', 'Related renal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['Amoxicillin']


abstract: Two monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes in @entity526 ribosomal protein L7/L12 were prepared and characterized as reported previously (Sommer, A., Etchison, J.R., Gavino, G., Zecherle, N., Casiano, C., and Traud, R.R. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6522-6527). Both antibodies strongly inhibited @entity22878 -directed @entity37251 synthesis, ribosome-dependent GTPase activity, and the binding of elongation factor G to the ribosome at mole ratios over ribosomes of 4:1 or less. One epitope was shown to be within residues 1-73 (Ab 1-73) and the other within 74-120 ( @entity37252 -120). Incubation of 50 S ribosomal subunits or 70 S ribosomes with Ab 1-73, but not with @entity37252 -120, leads to a partial loss of L7/L12 from the particle with no loss of any other protein. The experiment was repeated with ribosomes reconstituted with pure radioactive L7/L12 of determined specific activity in order to quantify the L7/L12 in the antibody-treated particle. The @entity1131 core particles isolated by @entity969 gradient centrifugation after incubation with Ab 1-73 were found to contain, on average, two copies of L7/L12 and one Ab 1-73. The constancy of this stoichiometry in many experiments and the demonstration of Ab 1-73 on all particles indicate the presence of a homogeneous population of ribosomes, each with only one of the two L7/L12 dimers originally present. The results show a difference in the interactions of the two dimers with the ribosome and present a means of preparing ribosomes with one dimer in a specific binding site. The accompanying paper (Olson, H.M., Sommer, A., Tewari, D. S., Traut, R.R., and Glitz, D.G. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6924-6932) shows by immune electron microscopy the location of the two antibody-binding sites and the effect of Ab 1-73 on structure.

title: The selective release of one of the two L7/L12 dimers from the XXXX ribosome induced by a monoclonal antibody to the NH2-terminal region.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein-deficient']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity22878 :: ('CHEBI:73279', 'Chemical') :: ['polyuridylic acid']

entities_list: @entity37251 :: ('MESH:C012001', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenylalanine']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Circulating @entity2853 has recently been investigated as a potential biomarker of various @entity99 , such as @entity96 ( @entity157 ). We investigated the association between plasma @entity2853 levels and the treatment outcomes following transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in @entity157 @entity1 . METHODS: We included 177 @entity157 @entity1 treated with TACE in the study; TACE refractoriness and liver transplantation-free survival were evaluated during follow up. Pretreatment plasma @entity2853 levels were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Relative quantification of @entity2853 expression (fold change) was determined using the 2((-    Ct)) method. @entity15743 was used as an internal control for the normalization of miRNA data. RESULTS: During the mean follow up of 22.4 (range, 1-79) months, 112 (69.5%) @entity1 exhibited TACE refractoriness. Multivariate analyses showed that @entity5 number (hazard ratio [HR], 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-4.41; P   =   0.001) and @entity5 size (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.62-4.32; P   =   0.000) can independently predict overall TACE refractoriness. High @entity2853 expression (>   100) was associated with early TACE refractoriness (within 1   year; HR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.12-6.86; P   =   0.028), together with @entity5 number (HR, 22.73; 95% CI, 2.74-188.66; P   =   0.004) and @entity5 size (HR, 4.90; 95% CI, 1.99-12.06; P   =   0.001). Univariate analyses showed that high @entity2853 expression tends to be associated with poor liver transplantation-free survival (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.95-2.11; P   =   0.085). However, it was statistically insignificant in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: High expression levels of plasma @entity2853 are associated with early TACE refractoriness in @entity157 @entity1 treated with TACE.

title: Plasma micoRNA-122 as a predictive marker for treatment response following transarterial chemoembolization in XXXX with @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ) is a distinct atypical @entity4652 with a loss of dopaminergic neurons comparable to that found in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The additional loss of striatopallidal projections is thought to account for levodopa unresponsiveness in @entity9576 . Whereas histological features of @entity9576 have been successfully reproduced in the double lesion @entity35 model, loss of levodopa responsiveness has so far not been demonstrated. In the current study, @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) induced unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra produced a marked contralateral forelimb stepping deficit, which improved significantly after challenge with levodopa (P < 0.001). This response was abolished by the subsequent striatal @entity8113 (QA) lesion. In the cylinder test, the marked asymmetry observed after @entity2955 lesioning was reversed by levodopa to baseline levels. After QA, cylinder test performance under levodopa failed to reach baseline (P = 0.001) or @entity2955 + levodopa (P = 0.002) levels. Nigral cell loss (90% +/- 5%) correlated with both stepping test (r = 0.608; P = 0.008) and cylinder test results (r = 0.656; P = 0.005). Lesion extent of the dorsal striatum correlated significantly with the loss of levodopa response (r = 0.593; P = 0.01) in the stepping test. These findings contribute further to the behavioral characterization of the double lesion @entity35 model of MSA, improving its value in the evaluation of future neurorestorative strategies.

title: Loss of dopaminergic responsiveness in a double lesion XXXX model of the @entity9576 .

entities_list: @entity4652 :: ('MESH:D020734', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian disorder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['MSA-P', 'Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity8113 :: ('MESH:D017378', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolinic acid']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an easily used disease-specific quality of life (QOL) measure for @entity1 with chronic @entity63 and to design an evaluative instrument, responsive to within-subject change, that adds to clinical measures of outcome when comparing treatment options in the management of @entity63 . METHODS: The first phase consisted of item generation, item reduction, formulating, and pretesting in @entity1 with @entity63 . The proportion of @entity1 who selected an item as troublesome and the mean importance they attached to it were combined to give a clinical impact factor. Items with the highest clinical impact factor were used to formulate a new 25-item questionnaire that was then pretested in 20 @entity1 with @entity63 . In the second phase, reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the new questionnaire were assessed in 39 @entity1 with @entity63 who were tested at 0 and 4 weeks. The King's College Hospital's Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Short-Form 36 were administered at each visit, and treadmill walking distance and ankle/brachial pressure indices were recorded. The new questionnaire's reliability, internal consistency, responsiveness, and validity were determined. RESULTS: Areas of QOL impairment were consistent through the ranges of disease severity and age, with no apparent differences between the @entity1 and @entity1 . Therefore, a single questionnaire is applicable to all @entity1 with chronic @entity63 . In stable @entity1 test-retest scores demonstrated a reliability of r more than 0.90. Each item had internal consistency (item-domain Cronbach alpha =.7-.9). The questionnaire was responsive to change, with correlation between change in the questionnaire's total score and both global and clinical indicators of change (P <.001). The questionnaire showed face and construct validity. CONCLUSIONS: This disease-specific questionnaire is reliable, responsive, valid, and ready for use as an outcome measure in clinical trials. It is sensitive to the concerns of @entity1 with @entity63 , offering a simple method to measure the effect of interventions on their QOL.

title: Developing the Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire: a new disease-specific quality of life measure for use in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'lower limb ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['lower limb ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this article (the second of two companion studies), we report whether bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can be used to predict muscle mass in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ), and whether using this predicted muscle mass can improve the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). METHODS: Seventy five non- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity740 (mean age +/- SD, 65.1 +/- 12.0 years; mean GFR 45.9 +/- 28.8 ml/min/1.73 m2) underwent body composition analysis by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to provide a criterion marker of skeletal muscle mass (appendicular lean mass, ALM). Validity of a published BIA equation to predict ALM was evaluated and a new BIA equation was generated (ALM(BIA)) and cross-validated by the leave-one-out procedure. Renal inulin clearance provided a criterion measure of @entity5017 (G @entity5017 . The performance of the equation including ALM(BIA) to estimate G @entity5017 was compared with demographic variables as used in the m @entity8 (M @entity8 equation, by determining bias, limits of agreement and accuracy. RESULTS: The previously published BIA equation to predict ALM was not valid in these p @entity1 with C @entity740 In contrast, our new ALM(BIA) equation cross-validated successfully. Compared with the M @entity8 demographic variables, using ALM(BIA) to predict G @entity5017 improved estimation performance, showing reduced bias (4.3 vs 15.6 ml/min) and improved limits of agreement (41.1 vs 59.2 ml/min) and accuracy (69.7 vs 39.4% of p @entity1 predicted GFR did not deviate by more than 30% of G @entity5017 . CONCLUSIONS: ALM(BIA) provides a clinically obtainable and valid method to predict muscle mass in p @entity1 with C @entity740 and using ALM(BIA) improves the estimation of G @entity5017 Researchers developing future GFR estimation equations should consider including ALM(BIA).

title: Bioelectrical impedance can be used to predict muscle mass and hence improve estimation of glomerular filtration rate in non- XXXX @entity1 with @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'modification of diet in renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Cell replacement is an emerging therapy for type 1 @entity6 . Pluripotent stem cells have received a lot of attention as a potential source of transplantable b-cells, but their ability to form @entity44 poses significant risks. Here, we evaluated the potential of primary @entity19 gall bladder epithelial cells (GBCs) as targets for ex vivo genetic reprogramming to the b-cell fate. Conditions for robust expansion and genetic transduction of primary GBCs by adenoviral vectors were developed. Using a GFP reporter for insulin, conditions for reprogramming were then optimized. Global expression analysis by RNA-sequencing was used to quantitatively compare reprogrammed GBCs (rGBCs) to true b-cells, revealing both similarities and differences. Adenoviral-mediated expression of @entity37773 , @entity15980 , and @entity40425 in GBCs resulted in robust induction of pancreatic endocrine genes, including @entity15981 , @entity15979 , @entity40426 , @entity34016 and @entity16467 . Furthermore, expression of GBC-specific genes was repressed, including @entity25235 and @entity10351 . Reprogramming was also enhanced by addition of @entity1968 and inhibition of Notch signaling. Importantly, rGBCs were able to engraft long term in vivo and remained insulin-positive for 15weeks. We conclude that GBCs are a viable source for autologous cell replacement in @entity6 , but that complete reprogramming will require further manipulations.

title: Generation of islet-like cells from XXXX gall bladder by direct ex vivo reprogramming.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dopaminergic pathways could be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ). This study investigated plasma levels of @entity935 and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) in @entity1 with @entity2956 and in healthy subjects. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity2956 and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects participated. The @entity1 had received an @entity2956 diagnosis according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for @entity9321 . Perceived mental stress, @entity158 intensity (0-100-mm visual analogue scale), and pressure @entity158 thresholds (PPT, kPa) over the masseter muscles were assessed; a venous blood sample was taken. RESULTS: @entity935 in plasma differed significantly between @entity1 with @entity2956 (4.98        2.55 nM) and healthy controls (2.73        1.24 nM; P   <   0.01). No significant difference in plasma @entity750 was observed between the groups (P   =   0.75). @entity1 reported significantly higher @entity158 intensities (P   <   0.001) and had lower PPTs (P   <   0.01) compared with the healthy controls. Importantly, @entity935 in plasma correlated significantly with present @entity158 intensity (r   =   0.53, n   =   14, P   <   0.05) and perceived mental stress (r   =   0.34, n   =   28, P   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that peripheral @entity935 might be involved in modulating @entity158 . This finding, in addition to reports in other studies, suggests that dopaminergic pathways could be implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity2956 but also in other @entity1118 conditions. More research is warranted to elucidate the role of peripheral @entity935 in the pathophysiology of @entity1118 .

title: @entity935 in plasma - a biomarker for myofascial XXXX @entity158 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['M-TMD', 'myofascial temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'peripheral pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity9321 :: (MESH:D049310,Disease) :: ['TMD']


abstract: Microtubules are polymers that cycle stochastically between polymerization and depolymerization, i.e. they exhibit "dynamic instability." This behavior is crucial for cell division, motility, and differentiation. Although studies in the last decade have made fundamental breakthroughs in our understanding of how cellular effectors modulate microtubule dynamics, analysis of the relationship between tubulin sequence, structure, and dynamics has been held back by a lack of dynamics measurements with and structural characterization of homogeneous isotypically pure engineered tubulin. Here, we report for the first time the cryo-EM structure and in vitro dynamics parameters of recombinant isotypically pure @entity1 tubulin. a1A/ @entity12357 is a purely neuronal tubulin isoform. The 4.2-   structure of post-translationally unmodified @entity1 a1A/ @entity12357 microtubules shows overall similarity to that of heterogeneous brain microtubules, but it is distinguished by subtle differences at polymerization interfaces, which are hot spots for sequence divergence between tubulin isoforms. In vitro dynamics assays show that, like mosaic brain microtubules, recombinant homogeneous microtubules undergo dynamic instability, but they polymerize slower and have fewer catastrophes. Interestingly, we find that epitaxial growth of a1A/ @entity12357 microtubules from heterogeneous brain seeds is inefficient but can be fully rescued by incorporating as little as 5% of brain tubulin into the homogeneous a1A/ @entity12357 lattice. Our study establishes a system to examine the structure and dynamics of @entity1 microtubules with well defined tubulin species and is a first and necessary step toward uncovering how tubulin genetic and chemical diversity is exploited to modulate intrinsic microtubule dynamics.

title: Structure and Dynamics of Single-isoform Recombinant Neuronal XXXX Tubulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 treated in community clinics, particularly those of minority status, may rely more heavily on primary care physicians (PCPs) for the diagnosis and management of @entity308 . We wished to determine how PCPs in a community clinic setting initially manage @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity308 . METHODS: 698 @entity1 were screened for @entity308 by the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R in a community-based primary care health center. Forty outpatients (29 Hispanic) were found to suffer from @entity308 . A letter explaining positive findings was sent to the @entity1 ' PCPs. Medical record charts were reviewed 3 months later to determine the @entity212 's management following the diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 38 @entity1 who remained in the study at 3 months, 20 (53%) received no intervention from the @entity212 by the end of 3 months after diagnosis, and of these, 14 were Hispanic. Five (13%) were prescribed an antidepressant by the @entity212 . Nine (24%) were referred to mental health services for medication, psychotherapy or combination treatment. Four (11%) were prescribed an antidepressant and then referred to mental health services. Differences between management of Hispanic and non-Hispanic @entity1 were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Independent screening by psychiatrists in primary care settings may not be adequate enough to ensure appropriate management of @entity308 by PCPs. Possible explanations may include time constraints during primary care visits, @entity1 and/or physician reticence, and insufficient education of PCPs about @entity308 .

title: Management of XXXX in the primary care setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have proven the efficacy of pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of @entity1569 . However, only two published studies indicate the effectiveness of PDL on @entity5806 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the effect of different pulse durations in the treatment of @entity5806 with the 595-nm PDL to determine the optimal pulse duration. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with bilateral fingernail psoriasis were recruited and completed a 6-month trial. PDL was applied on the proximal and lateral nailfolds based on random assignment. Forty nails were treated with 6-millisecond pulse duration and 9 J/cm(2) whereas 39 nails were treated with 0.45-millisecond pulse duration and 6 J/cm(2). @entity1 were blinded to pulse durations. One blinded dermatologist used the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) to assess the clinical outcome from pretreatment and posttreatment photographs. @entity1 were monitored for adverse events. @entity158 was evaluated after the procedure using a visual analog scale assessed by the @entity1 . RESULTS: After 6 months of first treatment, there was a significant reduction in overall NAPSI, nail matrix NAPSI, and nail bed NAPSI scores from baseline in both groups; however, no significant difference was found between the two pulse duration groups. Side effects were mild including transient @entity4125 and @entity2117 . LIMITATIONS: There was no placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: PDL was found to be an effective and well-tolerated option in the treatment of @entity5806 . No significant difference in terms of efficacy was found between the longer and shorter pulse duration treatment groups.

title: The effect of different pulse durations in the treatment of XXXX with 595-nm pulsed dye laser: a randomized, double-blind, intrapatient left-to-right study.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['plaque type psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['petechiae']

answer: @entity5806 :: (MESH:D009260,Disease) :: ['nail psoriasis']