abstract: @entity14837 ( @entity38239 ), a plasticizer, has been shown in in vitro studies to be weakly estrogenic, and in in vivo studies to possess testicular @entity137 and teratogenicity, but few experimental data on @entity38239 multigeneration effects on reproduction in mammals are available. The present two-generation reproductive study was conducted in male and female @entity35 using oral doses of 0, 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg/day @entity38239 . Endpoints were chosen in order to evaluate both @entity137 . In the parent animals (F(0)), a @entity1017 was observed in males in the 500 mg/kg/day group, although no significant @entity1907 was found. No dose-related changes were observed in estrous cyclicity, fertility, or lactation. A dose-dependent @entity8 in @entity35 of both sexes, an increase in liver weight in males, and a decrease in the weight of the ovaries in females were observed. No macroscopic or microscopic changes were found in the reproductive system of males or females. Oral administration of @entity38239 caused a decrease in the serum concentration of @entity251 , and an increase in FSH. In the next generation (F(1)), the body weight of male and female offspring at birth in the 100 and 500 mg/kg groups was significantly decreased, and the body weight in the 500 mg/kg group was lower throughout the study, while viability was not affected. Anogenital distance (AGD) at birth was decreased in male pups and was increased in female pups of the 500 mg/kg/day group. Preputial separation for male offspring in the 500 mg/kg/day group was delayed, while vaginal opening for female offspring in this group was not affected. @entity38239 did not affect reproductive ability, including delivery and lactation, at any dose whereas macroscopic and microscopic changes of the testis, and decreased serum concentrations of @entity251 were observed in male offspring of the 500 mg/kg/day group after puberty. From these data, it would appear that 20 mg/kg @entity38239 is a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for reproductive effects on parent animals and the next generation.

title: Effect of @entity14837 in XXXX after gavage administration: a two-generation reproductive study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['increase in kidney weight']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'subchronic and reproductive toxicity']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity14837 :: ('MESH:C027561', 'Chemical') :: ['Butyl benzyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in body weight gain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in food consumption']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: The DiSC Project aims to assess the feasibility, effectiveness and costs of @entity6 shared care in Ireland. Baseline results provide a profile of @entity6 care in Ireland. Thirty general practices are participating in this randomised controlled trial. Outcomes include biophysical and psychosocial measures. The majority of @entity1 agreed to participate in @entity6 shared care. Data was collected from 183 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The mean age of the @entity1 is 65 years, 56% are male and 63% are GMS eligible. The mean HBA1c was 6.8% though 21% of @entity1 had a HBA1c>8%. The majority of @entity1 had a blood pressure, total @entity165 and body mass index above recommended guidelines. Only half the @entity1 are attending a dietician or a chiropodist. The majority of @entity1 have good glycaemic control but poor blood pressure and @entity165 control. The full trial results will determine if a shared care approach can improve clinical and psychosocial outcomes for @entity1 .

title: The North Dublin XXXX Shared Care (DiSC) Project: a profile of current @entity6 care in Ireland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of simultaneous chemoradiotherapy is to increase @entity5 control and to decrease the incidence of distant metastases. @entity902 -based chemotherapy regimens are widely accepted as standard treatment in advanced @entity135 . Due to their remarkable activity as well as radiosensitizing effects, @entity6023 play in increasing role in multimodality treatment concepts of solid @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 1989 a total of 85 @entity1 with advanced @entity1544 and oropharynx were recruited to participate in two different prospective clinical trials of preoperative chemoradiation. Both treatment concepts (study A: @entity900 12.5 mg/m(2) plus radiation 36 Gy vs study B: @entity1311 40 mg/m(2)/ @entity3003 AUC 1.5 plus radiation 40 Gy) were compared and further statistical analysis including descriptive analysis as well as univariate and multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: At the time of the analysis a total of 47 @entity1 (55.3%) were alive, 38 @entity1 (44.7%) died from @entity5 -related causes. The overall survival for both @entity1 groups at 5 years was 45.1% (study A) and 84.9% (study B) and after 10 years 32.4% for study group A. A comparative analysis of both groups revealed a highly significant survival benefit at 4 years for study B (p=0.0015). In various calculation models of the multivariate analysis the regimen containing @entity1311 / @entity3003 (study B) was superior to the @entity900 regimen (study A). CONCLUSION: Based on a retrospective analysis of two different concepts of preoperative chemoradiation and supported by recent data from the literature it is justified to conclude that @entity3907 -based combination regimens are more effective compared to @entity900 -based regimens.

title: [Preoperative radiochemotherapy of advanced resectable @entity5 of the oral cavity with @entity900 vs @entity1311 / XXXX . Analysis of two multimodality treatment concepts].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: We have prepared a monoclonal antibody, denoted as @entity54381 , which specifically recognizes astroglia with radial forms in the adult @entity3392 brain. This report suggests that there are at least two different types of astroglia in the mature teleost brain, only one of which is recognized by @entity54381 . Further, we have found that the @entity54381 -binding astroglia are comprised of three morphologically distinct cellular types. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the antibody recognized only one protein band of approximately 30 kDa in the membrane fraction of the adult @entity3392 brain. In the spinal cord, stained glial cells appeared to occur in the same location as ependymocytes. The processes and cell bodies of extra-ependymal cells, many adjacent to ependymocytes and a few near the pial surface, were also stained by the antibody. In the cerebellum, long processes stained by @entity54381 were found in the molecular layer, and these connected the cerebellum surface to the Purkinje-like cell layer. Long processes were also stained in the mesencephalon, but these were thicker than those in the spinal cord and they linked the two ventricles. The optic tectum, olfactory bulb and cranial nerves, including the optic nerves, were, however, completely devoid of the @entity54381 antigen. Double-immunofluorescence with antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and @entity54381 demonstrated that @entity54381 -positive cells were also GFAP-positive, although there was also a subset of GFAP-positive cells which were @entity54381 -negative. The @entity54381 antibody is thus a useful tool for studying subtypes of GFAP-positive astroglia.

title: A monoclonal antibody stains radial glia in the adult @entity3392 ( XXXX ) CNS.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Danio rerio']


abstract: In 82 females with @entity3610 , the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of the free- @entity342 index (FAI) were compared with those of @entity251 (T), free @entity251 (fT), @entity2671 (A), LH and the LH/FSH ratio. Normal ranges for each parameter were derived as 95th percentile in 53 healthy controls of similar age. T, fT, A, FAI, LH and LH/FSH were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in @entity1 than controls. The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of the FAI (0.46 and 0.64) were lower than those of T (0.67 and 0.78) and A (0.56 and 0.73) and similar to those of fT and LH/FSH. The overall variance of the FAI was highest among all parameters. The FAI was significantly (p = 0.05) elevated in a subgroup with @entity28 (n = 34), whereas T and fT did not differ in @entity28 and nonobese subjects with @entity3610 . We cannot recommend the routine measurement of the FAI in the rational laboratory evaluation of female @entity3428 for the following reasons. (1) The adequate normal range for the FAI (< 8.7) is substantially higher than previously thought in normal individuals, which has serious consequences for the accuracy of the test. (2) The values of the FAI showed the widest overlap with controls. (3) The significant positive correlation between FAI and fT allows the prediction of the FAI from the measurement of fT, rendering the determination of a second parameter for the free bioactive T unnecessary. (4) The FAI as well as sex-hormone-binding globulin are influenced by body weight, whereas T and fT are markers for @entity3428 independent of @entity28 .

title: [Is determination of the "free XXXX index" for hormone screening in @entity3610 of value?].

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries', 'polycystic-ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of @entity1 with @entity418 after resection of the extraesophageal component of the @entity5 en bloc with the esophageal tube. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Opinions are conflicting about the addition of extended resection of locoregional lymph nodes and soft tissue to removal of the esophageal tube. METHODS: Esophagectomy performed en bloc with locoregional lymph nodes and resulting in a real skeletonization of the nonresectable anatomical structures adjacent to the esophagus was attempted in 324 @entity1 . The esophagus was removed using a right thoracic (n = 208), transdiaphragmatic (n = 39), or left thoracic (n = 77) approach. Lymphadenectomy was performed in the upper abdomen and lower mediastinum in all @entity1 . It was extended over the upper mediastinum when a right thoracic approach was used and up to the neck in 17 @entity1 . Esophagectomy was carried out flush with the esophageal wall as soon as it became obvious that a macroscopically complete resection was not feasible. @entity5 processes were classified according to completeness of the resection, depth of wall penetration, and lymph node involvement. RESULTS: Skeletonizing en bloc esophagectomy was feasible in 235 of the 324 @entity1 (73%). The 5-year survival rate, including in-hospital deaths (5%), was 35% (324 @entity1 ); it was 64% in the 117 @entity1 with an intramural @entity5 versus 19% in the 207 @entity1 having neoplastic tissue outside the esophageal wall or surgical margins (P <.0001). The latter 19% represented 12% of the whole series. The 5-year survival rate after skeletonizing en bloc esophagectomy was 49% (235 @entity1 ), 49% for squamous cell versus 47% for @entity189 (P =.4599), 64% for @entity1 with an intramural @entity5 versus 34% for those with extraesophageal neoplastic tissue (P <.0001), and 43% for @entity1 with fewer than five metastatic nodes versus 11% for those with involvement of five or more lymph nodes (P =.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The strategy of attempting skeletonizing en bloc esophagectomy in all @entity1 offers long-term survival to one third of the @entity1 with resectable extraesophageal neoplastic tissues. These @entity1 represent 12% of the @entity1 with @entity418 suitable for esophagectomy and 19% of those having neoplastic tissue outside the esophageal wall or surgical margins.

title: Skeletonizing en bloc esophagectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glandular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic process', 'Neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: 1. Experiments were performed to investigate the contribution of diffusion to the termination of @entity22097 induced @entity410 (epileptiform) activity in the awake @entity35 . The basic question was whether @entity410 activity terminates at the same critical concentration Ct of @entity22097 independently of the concentration Co of @entity22097 injected into the superficial layer of the foreleg field of the right motor cortex. Different concentrations Co were used, the lowest being 16 IU @entity22097 /0.5 microliters saline, the largest 1000 IU @entity22097 /0.5 microliters saline. The @entity410 activity was recorded by means of the electroencephalogram (EEG). 2. Mathematical calculations concerning the diffusion of the substances were performed by using the diffusion equation with a @entity22097 diffusion coefficient D = 3.52 x 10(-4) mm2/s and the tortuosity factor lambda = 1.62. 3. The lowest dose of @entity22097 used was considered as a threshold dose for acute induction of @entity410 activity because only 4 out of 9 @entity35 treated with 16 IU @entity22097 developed @entity302 . For the range of doses between 16 and 32 IU, the median frequency of @entity410 potentials was dose-dependent, and increased from 7.9 to 13.8 pot./min, respectively. For higher doses covering the range between 63 and 1000 IU, there was only an insignificant increase from 19.2 to 22.7 pot./min, respectively. 4. The median period of @entity410 activity increased significantly (p less than 0.05 or less than 0.01) and monotonically from 19.5 min in @entity35 treated with 16 IU @entity22097 to 267 min after treatment with 1000 IU @entity22097 . 5. At the end of the @entity410 activity, the median critical concentration Ct within the artificial focus ranged from 1.75 to 1.31 IU/0.5 microliters saline in @entity35 treated with 16 to 125 IU @entity22097 , while after induction of @entity410 activity with doses of 250, 500 or 1000 IU @entity22097 , Ct gradually increased to 2.01, 2.83, and 3.75 IU/0.5 microliters, respectively. This means that the brain became less sensitive for @entity22097 the longer the @entity302 lasted. 6. It is concluded that during long-lasting @entity410 activity, the brain takes advantage of its plastic properties by eliciting counteracting mechanisms. These self-protective factors may utilize neuronal networks which needs some time to become effective in the control of the cortical activity.

title: The contribution of diffusion to the termination of penicillin-induced @entity410 activity in the awake XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform activity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the sexual activity of @entity1 with @entity1691 , correlating it with disease activity and functional indices. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity1691 and 32 healthy controls were assessed regarding @entity158 , @entity1295 , sexual activity (by use of pictures of seven sexual positions), disease activity (by use of Bath @entity1691 Activity Index - BASDAI), and functional capacity (by use of Bath @entity1691 Functional Index - BASFI). After the interview, the @entity1 were divided into two groups: group A (with sexual activity) and group B (no sexual activity). RESULTS: Group B showed statistical association with longer disease duration (P = 0.01), and higher BASFI (P = 0.0007) and BASDAI (P = 0.03) scores. No correlation was observed between age and functional capacity. @entity1 lying on his back and @entity1 on top was the most frequent, enjoyable and least painful position. The position with the @entity1 on her back and a @entity1 lying on top was the least chosen. Control individuals reported a higher frequency of sexual activity, longer duration of intercourse, and less @entity158 and @entity1295 ; the reported frequency of orgasms, however, was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: The chronic nature of @entity1691 , with poor functional capacity and higher disease activity, interferes with sexual intercourse. When sexual activity was possible, orgasm and sexual satisfaction did not differ from those of healthy controls.

title: Sexual activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'man', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'Ankylosing Spondylitis']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: Objective. This paper analyzes the effects of @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) on metabolic, neuromuscular, and cardiovascular functions in older adults (mean age >=  65 years) with type 2 @entity6 (T2DM). Research Design and Methods. A systematic review conducted by two reviewers of the published literature produced 3 records based on 2 randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of @entity3013 on disease process measures and musculoskeletal/body composition measures. Statistical, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2) software was used to compute Hedge's g, and results were calculated using the random effects model to account for methodological differences amongst studies. Results. Largest effect of @entity3013 was seen on muscle strength; especially lower body strength, while the point estimate effect on body composition was small and not statistically significant. The cumulative point estimate for the T2DM disease process measures was moderate and statistically significant. Conclusions. @entity3013 generally had a positive effect on musculoskeletal, body composition, and T2DM disease processes measures, with tentative conclusions based on a low number of completed RCTs. Thus, more research is needed on such programs for older adults (>= 65 years) with T2DM.

title: Resistance training and older adults with XXXX : strength of the evidence.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'resistance training']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between the @entity3673 severity and the cytokines levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or @entity1503 cell subsets. METHODS: The subjects were divided into five groups: control group (6 cases), group exposed to dusts (6 cases) and 3 @entity3673 groups (36 in stage I, 12 in stage II and 10 in stage III). ELISA was used to detect @entity650 , sIL-2R and @entity310 levels in serum and BALF. The subsets of @entity1503 cells were classified by flow cytometer. RESULTS: As compared with control group and group exposed to dusts, the levels of serum @entity650 and sIL-2R in @entity1 with II or III stages significantly increased, which were positively correlated with @entity3673 stages (r(1) = 0.74, r(2) = 0.81, P < 0.05). The level of serum @entity310 significantly decreased in @entity1 with III stages, as compared with control group and group exposed to dusts. There was a negative correlation between serum @entity310 level and @entity3673 severity (r = -0.58, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the levels of @entity650 , sIL-2R and @entity310 in BALF and the levels of @entity650 , sIL-2R and @entity310 in serum (r(1) = 0.77, r(2) = 0.96 and r(3) = 0.88, P < 0.05). The proportion of @entity1050 (4)(+)T cells and the ratio of @entity1050 (4)(+)/ @entity1050 (8)(+) decreased dramatically in @entity1 with II and III stages. But there was no correlation between these values and disease severity. CONCLUSION: The immune function in Th cell was inhibited. The levels of @entity650 , sIL-2R and @entity310 in serum and BALF were associated with the severity of @entity3673 .

title: [Correlation analysis between cytokines levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, XXXX cell subsets and @entity3673 severity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood T']


abstract: Postnatal development of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) in the @entity1707 hypothalamus was studied morphometrically. The volume of the SON increased from 6.2 +/- 0.45 (S.E.M.) mm3 at 7 weeks postnatally to 18.5 +/- 1.35 mm3 at 2.5 years of age. A sex difference was found at the development point when the SON volume increased, with earlier SON enlargement in males. This sex difference was 30% at 30 weeks and 50% at 1 year of age. At 2.5 years of age no difference in volume was apparent between the sexes. The number of SON neurones was similar for all age groups concerned (43,500 +/- 1475), except for the 2.5-year-old females where 40% more were found (55,500 +/- 3285). No significant difference was found in neurone number between gonadectomized and sham-operated animals, but the operation caused a 30% reduction in the number of neurones and SON volume. @entity251 supplementation following gonadectomy, during the first 4 weeks postnatally, resulted in sexual dimorphism, the males having more SON neurones than the females. The volume showed only a trend in the same direction. @entity251 supplementation at other ages did not result in any difference when compared with controls. The results of this study show that the postnatal development of the SON of the @entity1707 is sexually dimorphic, and that it continues after puberty in females. In contrast to the vasopressin- and @entity398 -containing nucleus, the development of the SON was not influenced by gonadectomy and only slightly by gonadal steroids.

title: The supraoptic nucleus in the XXXX hypothalamus: postnatal development and the effect of gonadal steroids.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical effectiveness of strength training in @entity1 with @entity306 . DESIGN: Prospective before and after trial in which subjects participated in a 6-week strength training program. All received before and after isometric strength evaluation of eight muscle groups in both lower extremities with a hand-held dynamometer, 3-D gait analysis at free and fast speeds, administration of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and assessment of energy expenditure during gait. SETTING: Pediatric rehabilitation center at a tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : Eleven @entity1 met inclusion criteria for participation. Six had @entity306 , were limited community ambulators, and demonstrated less than 50% of normal muscle strength. Five had spastic @entity1158 and demonstrated a 20% strength asymmetry in at least two muscles across extremities. RESULTS: Each group had significant strength gains in the muscles targeted. The entire cohort had higher gait velocity primarily as a result of increased cadence, with greater capacity to walk faster. GMFM Dimension 5 also improved, with no change in energy expenditure. Asymmetry in strength improved in @entity1158 , with no change in asymmetry in support times or joint motion across extremities. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforced the relationship of strength to motor function in @entity306 and further demonstrated the effectiveness of strengthening in this population.

title: Functional outcomes of strength training in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy', 'spastic diplegia']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['spastic cerebral palsy']


abstract: A simple, but sensitive and specific, high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for @entity2072 , @entity24010 , and @entity3234 is described. Using direct fluorometric detection, the procedure is particularly interesting for the routine analysis of @entity1 hair samples. In the sample preparation part, the hair samples are cut and washed and two internal standards with close structural resemblance to @entity3234 and @entity2072 as well as to @entity24010 are added. Subsequently, the hair samples are homogenized, hydrolyzed overnight in a 0.1 M @entity5828 solution at 56 degrees C, and extracted on IST Confirm HCX solid-phase extraction columns. @entity1172 is achieved on a narrow-bore Hypersil BDS C18 column (125 x 2.1 mm, 3 microns) by gradient elution with an @entity6190 buffer- @entity1042 / @entity1626 mixture. For the fluorometric detection, excitation and emission wavelengths of 242 and 315 nm, respectively, are used. This analysis protocol affords a method of high sensitivity and specificity which has been fully evaluated and validated. The data presented show good accuracy and linearity with excellent reproducibility and recovery. Because unequivocal identity confirmation is mandatory in forensic applications, an extension of the analysis protocol was accomplished toward mass spectrometric detection. We succeeded in a simple methodological transfer from LC/FL to LC/ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 , thus providing two complementary approaches after a single, common sample-processing step. Hair samples from 29 fatalities, all known drug users and suspected victims from a @entity1445 , were analyzed in this way. Of the investigated samples, 12 were positive and the concentrations found range from 0.98 to 938 ng/mg of hair for @entity2072 and from 1.45 to 388 ng/mg of hair for @entity3234 . Traces of @entity24010 were also found in two of the hair samples. The results obtained with LC/ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 were in close agreement with those obtained with LC/FL, positively confirming the isolates' identity and structure by means of the resulting @entity15 / @entity15 spectra.

title: Narrow-bore HPLC in combination with fluorescence and electrospray mass spectrometric detection for the analysis of XXXX and metabolites in @entity1 hair.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['drug overdose']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity24010 :: ('MESH:C066444', 'Chemical') :: ['cocaethylene']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['Chromatographic separation']

entities_list: @entity3234 :: ('MESH:C005618', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoylecgonine']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: Lipid perfusion into the distal ileal lumen at supraphysiological loads inhibits @entity344 in @entity1 . In the present study, we sought to determine the effects of physiological postprandial intraileal lipid concentrations on endogenously stimulated pancreaticobiliary secretion, intestinal motility, and release of regulatory mediators. Eight healthy volunteers were intubated with an oroileal multilumen tube for continuous duodenal perfusion of essential @entity1522 (450 mumol/min), ileal perfusion of graded doses of lipids (0, 50 and 100 mg/min, each dose for 90-120 min), aspiration of duodenal and ileal chyme, and intestinal manometry. Venous blood samples were obtained for measurement of @entity6757 and @entity1942 . Ileal lipid perfusion dose dependently decreased endogenously stimulated trypsin [262 +/- 59 vs. 154 +/- 42 vs. 92 +/- 20 U/min (P < 0.05)] and @entity6741 output [18.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 8.4 +/- 2.8 vs. 3.0 +/- 1.0 micromol/min (P < 0.05)]. Duodenal motor activity was not inhibited by either lipid dose. Trypsin and @entity6741 output correlated inversely with the release of @entity6757 and @entity1942 (absolute value of R > 0.84; P < 0.05), whereas the motility index did not. Physiological postprandial ileal lipid concentrations dose dependently inhibited @entity1 digestive pancreatic protease and @entity6741 output, but not intestinal motor activity. Thus physiological postprandial ileal nutrient exposure may be of importance for the termination of digestive secretory responses. Ileocolonic release of @entity6757 and @entity1942 appears to participate in mediating these effects.

title: Inhibition of XXXX pancreatic and biliary output but not intestinal motility by physiological intraileal lipid loads.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic exocrine secretion and gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mortality of severe @entity116 (grades II-III) remains high today, being greater than 20% with a large number of complications, due to the lengthy stay of these @entity1 in the ICU. METHODS: A review of 13 cases of severe @entity116 over the last 5 years was performed analyzing age, entrance, previous immunization, ICU stay, grade of severity, complications and mortality. RESULTS: The ages ranged between 35 to 79 years (mean 54 years). No @entity1 had been previously immunized. Entrance was determined in 11 @entity1 (84.6%). The mean ICU stay was 27.3 days. Complications were presented in 76.8% of the @entity1 , with the most frequent being vegetative alterations (38%). The global mortality was 30.7% (4 @entity1 ), 3 secondary to sepsis of pulmonary origin and one from a @entity1167 of vegetative etiology. CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe that prophylaxis is fundamental in prevention of the disease but an important sector of the population remains unvaccinated. On appearance of severe @entity116 , admission to the ICU is essential since many complications may appear requiring specialized techniques and personnel.

title: [Severe-grade XXXX in a multipurpose ICU: review of 13 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: Thrombophilic states are congenital or acquired @entity74 with pathophysiological and statistical association to increased risk of @entity715 . @entity1211 is their most important clinical manifestation. More than 50% of @entity1 with unprovoked @entity715 have one of the known @entity49 . @entity1 with @entity49 have, in comparison to those without @entity49 , increased risk of the first @entity1031 event, while the impact of genetically defined thrombophilic states on recurrence is less evident. The risk of recurrence in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity715 is 7-10% per year even in the absence of a known @entity49 . The risk of recurrent event is affected by a range of other factors (persisting or undiagnosed precipitating factor, proximal @entity715 and @entity1151 , incomplete recanalization, vessel @entity715 , presence of some @entity49 , high D-dimmer levels after anticoagulant therapy discontinuation). Identification and subsequent monitoring of these factors is crucial for optimal selection of the treatment to be used as a secondary prevention of @entity1211 and its duration. Primary prevention of @entity1211 requires good knowledge of general precipitating factors as well as the specific risks in each @entity1 and thus also means an early investigation of thrombophilic states in @entity1 who will benefit from their identification and in whom there is at least medium probability of their identification. Universal long-term prevention in so far asymptomatic carriers of @entity49 is not indicated considering the potential complications of anticoagulant treatment. @entity1 with @entity74 have an increased risk of @entity1031 event if using hormonal contraception and during pregnancy. They also have an increased risk of pregnancy complications related to placental circulation @entity3459 .

title: [Thrombophilic states: their relevance in prevention and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['congenital thrombophilias', 'thrombophilias', 'thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['blood flow disorders']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilic disorders', 'haemostasis disorders']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity2462 was introduced in Sweden in 1973 and at the same time a long-term follow-up cohort study was initiated. In 1982, a two-dose programme with a combined vaccine against measles, mumps and @entity2462 (MMR) was introduced and vaccinations were given at the ages of 18 months and 12 years to both @entity1 and @entity1 . The cohort initially comprised 486 @entity1 . It was followed for between 8 and 16 years. All the @entity1 enrolled were seronegative before vaccination and had seroconverted to a haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titre of at least 1:16. On the last test occasion 16 years later, 22% had titre values below 1:16, and 6% lacked detectable antibodies against @entity2462 (< 1:8). A fourfold or greater rise in titre was seen in 36% of the @entity1 during the first 8 years of observation, whereas during the following 8 years only 1% showed a significant increase of titre values. The geometric mean titre declined from 1:110 to 1:34 during the first 8 years and further to 1:18 during the following 8 years. From 1982 to 1990, the seroimmunity to @entity2462 of 18-year-old @entity1 and @entity1 was studied yearly. The number studied was 3308 18-year-old schoolgirls and 6347 18-year-old recruits born between 1964 and 1972. The recruits were divided into two groups, 4610 unvaccinated and born in 1964-1969 and 1737 vaccinated and born in 1970-1972. Seropositive recruits in the first group were thus naturally immune only, while the second group had a mixture of natural and vaccine-induced immunity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term follow-up study of XXXX antibodies in naturally immune and vaccinated young adults.

entities_list: @entity2462 :: ('MESH:D012409', 'Disease') :: ['rubella', 'Selective rubella vaccination of 12-year-old schoolgirls']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['rubella']


abstract: PURPOSE: Guidelines recommend breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with radiation or mastectomy for definitive local therapy of @entity0 . We assessed receipt of definitive local therapy for @entity0 by race/ethnicity and age and examined trends over time. @entity1 AND METHODS: We calculated rates of definitive local therapy (mastectomy or BCS with radiation) for 375,547 adult @entity1 with stage I or II @entity0 diagnosed during 1988 to 2004 using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data. We assessed the probability of definitive local therapy and trends over time using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 85.8% of @entity1 had definitive local therapy. As mastectomy rates decreased (76.5% in 1988 to 38.0% in 2004; P < .001), definitive local therapy rates also decreased (95.2% in 1988 to 79.2% in 2004; P < .001). In adjusted analyses, rates of definitive local therapy were modestly lower for black and Hispanic (v white) @entity1 and higher for Asian @entity1 . Differences for black and Asian @entity1 were stable over time (P = .61 and P = .35 for interaction), but increased for Hispanic @entity1 (P = .0003). Although age differences narrowed over time, @entity1 older than 70 years and @entity1 <or= 60 years had lower rates of definitive local therapy than @entity1 61 to 70 years throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: As breast conservation has increasingly substituted mastectomy, our findings suggest fewer @entity1 are receiving definitive local @entity0 therapy, with persistent disparities for black and Hispanic @entity1 as well as @entity1 age <or= 60 and older than 70 years. Interventions to assure receipt of radiation after BCS are needed to eliminate these disparities.

title: Trends in racial and age disparities in definitive local therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage I/II breast cancers', 'early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Commonly used methods for detecting @entity1245 (BZPs) and BZP-like substances, such as @entity2492 and @entity9038 , may not detect low concentrations of these drugs. We developed a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for identifying these drugs and their relevant metabolites. METHODS: We extracted BZPs from urine by solid-phase extraction with a mixed-mode phase ( @entity12522 HLB cartridges). Chromatographic separation was performed with a Waters XTerra MS C18 [150 x 2.1 mm (i.d.); bead size, 5 microm] reversed-phase column with deuterated analogs of the analytes as internal standards (IS). Detection was performed with a triple-quadruple mass spectrometer that monitored 2 specific transitions per compound in the electrospray, positive-ion selected-reaction monitoring mode. We tested this technique on urine samples from 12 healthy volunteers and 1 forensic sample obtained in a case of alleged drug-facilitated sexual assault. RESULTS: Chromatographic separation was achieved within 18 min. The linear dynamic ranges extended from 0.02 or 0.1 microg/L (depending on the drug or metabolite) to 50 microg/L. Extraction recovery (range) was 77%-110%. Limits of detection were < or = 0.05 microg/L. No ion suppression was seen except for @entity1401 , for which baseline decreased by almost 20%. In the forensic urine sample, the method detected @entity1401 (3.5 microg/L) and its characteristic metabolite, @entity1402 (0.17 microg/L). CONCLUSION: This method measured low concentrations of BZPs and BZP-like substances and might be useful for analyses of urine in suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault cases.

title: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for detection of low concentrations of 21 XXXX , metabolites, and analogs in urine: method with forensic applications.

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity9038 :: ('MESH:C515050', 'Chemical') :: ['zopiclone']

entities_list: @entity1402 :: ('MESH:C032318', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-hydroxyalprazolam']

entities_list: @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and radiologic features of superficial @entity27791 of the CNS after treatment of a @entity17692 . METHODS: Clinical assessment and MRI in four @entity1 with superficial @entity27791 were performed. RESULTS: Four @entity1 with superficial @entity27791 had been treated for a primary @entity17692 ( @entity816 in three @entity1 , @entity2946 in one @entity1 ) during childhood. All @entity1 were treated with surgery and three received radiotherapy. Slowly progressive bilateral @entity1274 , @entity11583 , and limb @entity2055 appeared 8 to 22 years after diagnosis of the @entity17692 . Other clinical features were mild @entity73 , @entity4653 , @entity346 , @entity1781 , @entity4838 , and upper motor neuron signs. The @entity2841 contained erythrocytes and increased protein. MRI with fast spin-echo T2-weighted and gradient-echo T2* sequences showed a hypointense rim of @entity68 coating the surface of the cerebellum and brainstem. Twenty-one other @entity1 who had survived more than 5 years after treatment of a primary @entity17692 did not have symptoms or signs suggestive of superficial @entity27791 . CONCLUSIONS: Superficial @entity27791 is an uncommon late complication of the treatment of a @entity17692 , but it is probably underrecognized. The diagnosis should be suspected in @entity1 who present with slowly progressive @entity1274 and @entity2055 many years after eradication of a @entity17692 .

title: Superficial XXXX of the central nervous system: a late complication of @entity17692 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['gait ataxia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tumor', 'childhood cerebellar tumor']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity27791 :: (MESH:D012806,Disease) :: ['siderosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Plasma total @entity1254 (tAN) is a novel biomarker with interesting potentialities in pediatrics. Age-related intervals are needed for the correct interpretation of results. In this study, we calculated the reference values for tAN using a large number of results derived from pediatric @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: tAN was determined by ELISA in more than 4000 samples and the results collected in the Laboratory Information System were used for the calculation of reference intervals. RESULTS: tAN reference values for the different age intervals were obtained and age related tAN reference intervals were calculated. Some differences were observed in males and females. In @entity28 @entity1 , no correlation between age and tAN could be observed. On the contrary, significant relations were observed in the total group of @entity1 and in healthy control subjects. For this reason, the parameters of the equations to calculate tAN reference values using age as a continuous variable were defined. CONCLUSION: The use of continuous tAN reference intervals, calculated on age, should be considered a useful laboratory tool, at least in the pediatric population, for those biomarkers whose reference values have been shown to change from birth to the late adolescence.

title: Plasma total XXXX levels in pediatrics: reference intervals calculated as a continuous variable of age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: Fifty-eight @entity1 less than 30 years old but who are more than 300 pounds in weight were considered for investigation of jejunoileal bypass. Thirty @entity1 had operations, and the functioning bypass included 40 centimeters of jejunum and 10 centimeters of ileum. In 14 @entity1 , intestinal continuity was restored by either end-to-end or end-to-side @entity254 according to random choice, and in 16 @entity1 , end-to-end anastomoses were used. At present, the follow-up period is one to four years, and the @entity353 , so far, has not been significantly related to the type of reconstruction used. Weight loss correlated possitively with the preoperative weights up to one year after operation. Also, @entity353 correlated positively with the total measured length of the small intestine during the first six postoperative months, but this correlation currently is showing a trend toward negativity. Food intake decreased by 2,682+/-690 calories per day at six months after operation as a result of the bypass. @entity520 was common. Results of an endocrine evaluation revealed an unexpected significant decrease in parathormone levels within the normal range. A new complication, @entity4391 , has occurred one year or more after operation in five @entity1 or 17 per cent of our group. This complication is related to the intestinal anaerobic flora in proximity of the defunctionalized limb; its symptoms and signs can be alleviated by giving antibiotics or Lactobacillus to change the intestinal flora. Although 90 per cent of our @entity1 are pleased with their progress and the results of routine evaluation corroborate their satisfaction, detailed analysis of the research data available to us revealed that only 43 per cent have had beneficial effects from a jejunoileal bypass without any of the serious sequelae. We consider jejunoileal bypass for @entity28 justified when carried out by interdisciplinary groups dedicated to the long term follow-up study of the @entity1 and periodic reporting of the results. The long term future for the operation is, as yet, not completely understood, and when the conditions we have recommended are not present, we cannot currently endorse the operation.

title: Experience with jejunoileal bypass for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4391 :: ('MESH:D003112', 'Disease') :: ['colonic pseudo-obstruction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic acidosis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: In the last 25 years 268 (67%) @entity1 were hospitalized for proper @entity378 of the skin, and 132 (33%) for tuberculids. In the period 1983-1987 the prevalence of @entity17096 was 5.8 times lower than in the period 1963-1967. The frequency of the clinical forms of @entity378 was as follows: tbc. luposa (57.5%), tbc. colliquativa (35.4%), tbc. verrucosa (4.5%) and tbc. ulcerosa (2.6%). @entity1 had tbc. luposa 1.4 times, and tbc. colliquativa 1.5 times more frequently than @entity1 , while in @entity1 tbc. verrucosa was 3 times and tbc. ulcerosa 2.5 times more frequently than in @entity1 . In the whole group the male:female ratio was 1:2.05. In @entity1 aged up to 20 years tbc colliquativa was more frequent (29.5%) than tbc. luposa (5.2%), while in the age group 61-85 years this frequency was reversed: 17.9% and 34.4% respectively. In the division into occupational groups farmers prevailed (3.6%) (t = 2.84). The number of female @entity1 with tbc. luposa significantly less frequently (t = 4.0) got married, probably due to disfiguring changes following the disease.

title: [ XXXX treated at the Dermatological Clinic, Medical Academy, in Cracow 1963-1987. I. Epidemiological analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity17096 :: ('MESH:D014382', 'Disease') :: ['skin tuberculosis']

answer: @entity17096 :: (MESH:D014382,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity3 is the main cause of @entity5 mortality. During this process, @entity5 cells dislodge from a @entity5 , enter the circulation and form secondary @entity5 in distal organs. It is poorly understood how these cells manage to cross the tight syncytium of endothelial cells that lines the capillaries. Such capillary transmigration would require a drastic change in cell shape. We have therefore developed a microfluidic platform to study the transmigration of @entity5 cells. The device consists of an array of microchannels mimicking the confined spaces encountered. A thin glass coverslip bottom allows high resolution imaging of cell dynamics. We show that nuclear deformation is a critical and rate-limiting step for transmigration of highly metastatic @entity1 @entity0 cells. Transmigration was significantly reduced following the treatment with a protein methyltransferase inhibitor, suggesting that chromatin condensation might play an important role. Since transmigration is critical for @entity5 @entity3 , this new platform may be useful for developing improved @entity5 therapies.

title: Nuclear deformation during XXXX cell transmigration.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This study focused on the impact of post-operative @entity281 on @entity1 outcome after resection with curative intent for @entity14 . Postoperative surgical and medical complications have been implicated as a negative predictor of long-term outcome in various @entity5 . We studied a population of 1083 @entity1 who underwent resection with curative intent for @entity14 . These @entity1 were divided into 2 groups based on the occurrence (65 @entity1 , 6%) or absence (1018 @entity1 , 94%) of @entity260 due to @entity281 . We investigated the demographic and clinicopathological features of each @entity1 with and without @entity260 , as well as the impact of @entity86 on long-term survival. Results showed that @entity1 with @entity260 had @entity6 more frequently and also had urgent surgery compared to those without infectious complications. In addition, @entity1 with @entity260 had a significantly more unfavorable outcome compared with those without @entity86 in @entity5 -specific, but not overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, @entity5 and @entity5 stage correlated with overall survival, but not @entity260 . However, @entity86 , as well as gender, were associated with the length of time until the @entity1 succumbed from the recurrence of @entity14 after resection for curative intent. Thus, @entity260 are predictors of adverse clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity14 . However, further immunological study is necessary to confirm the biological significance of these findings.

title: @entity86 are associated with adverse outcome after resection with curative intent for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: In October 1988-January 1989, as a part of a @entity311 and @entity6565 control programme in Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros an entomological survey was carried out in 19 rural and urban localities of Grande Comore. Anjouan and Moheli Islands. The potential breeding places were examined and pyrethrum spray catches were made to evaluate the indoor resting densities of mosquitos. A total of 14.578 adult mosquitos potential vectors of @entity6565 was collected: 94.5% @entity2957 , 3.5% @entity313 s. str. 1.9% A. funestus and 0.1% other anopheline species. A. funestus, uniformly spread in Moheli, was present only in the south-west coast of Anjouan and absent in Grande Comore. A. gambiae and Cx quinquefasciatus were present in Grande Comore. A. gambiae and Cx quinquefasciatus were present in the three islands with different densities in the villages. Only Cx quinquefasciatus specimens la maximum of 150 for each locality) were dissected to search filaria larvae being the Anopheles specimens used to evaluate the @entity311 transmission. The global infection rate (9.4%) and the infectivity rate (0.9%) observed in Cx quinquefasciatus are higher than indices reported in previous surveys. All the larvae in the third development instar (L3) were identified as @entity10065 . The results suggest that in FIR of Comoros @entity10065 is well adopted to local Cx quinquefasciatus population. Because of the presence of high mosquito density this species plays a prominent role in the transmission of @entity3754 in that area. The high transmission levels calls for the implementation of a specific control program.

title: [Role of @entity2957 in the transmission of XXXX in the Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros (Indian Ocean)].

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['W. bancrofti', 'Wuchereria bancrofti']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['bancroftian filariasis']


abstract: Two series of experiments with rumen fistulated castrated male @entity742 and @entity1237 were carried out. In experiment I three @entity742 each consumed rations rich in concentrate (700 g concentrate, 200 g chopped @entity3505 straw) or roughage (700 g artificially dried ryegrass, 200 g chopped @entity3505 straw per animal per day) and supplemented with 0, 1, 2 or 4 g Yea-Sacc ( @entity375 ; USA) per @entity742 per day. In experiment II three @entity742 were fed with 1000 g artificially dried ryegrass and 200 g concentrate, three @entity1237 consumed 750 g ryegrass and 150 g concentrate. 0, 0.5, 1 or 2 g Levaferm ( @entity375 ; Germany) per animal per day were added. Rations of all animals were supplemented with minerals and vitamins. After 14 days of feeding @entity3505 straw, @entity3265 treated @entity3505 straw and artificially dried grass (exp. I) or @entity3505 straw and artificially dried grass (exp. II) were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. At the end of the experiments rumen fluid was taken via cannulae and parameters of rumen fermentation were measured. Higher levels of added Yea-Sacc decreased in sacco dry matter degradability of all incubated feeds. @entity308 was much higher if Yea-Sacc was added to the concentrate ration (overall mean for 24, 48 and 72 h incubation time: 55.1, 47.1, 46.1 and 44.5 for 0, 1, 2 and 4 g Yea-Sacc) than to the roughage diet (58.7, 56.3, 55.0 and 54.1%). Levaferm did not significantly influence the rumen dry matter degradability of incubated feeds (overall mean for 24, 48, and 72 h incubation time: 64.0; 64.9; 64.9 and 64.2% for @entity742 ; 63.0; 63.2; 63.2 and 61.6% for @entity1237 , if added with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g Levaferm per animal per day). Rumen pH, concentration of volatile @entity1718 and molar concentration of @entity1718 in rumen fluid were not significantly influenced by added @entity375 . More research seems necessary to find out the mode of action of @entity375 and to quantify and to reproduce the effects of added @entity375 .

title: Influence of @entity375 ( XXXX as Yea-Sacc or Levaferm) on in Sacco dry matter degradability and ruminal parameters of variously fed small ruminants.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'yeasts']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: 1. By means of an enzyme immunoassay, the contents of @entity2705 oxidase (DAO) were determined in kidney, liver, cerebellum and lung of hog, but the oxidase was not detectable in heart or cerebrum. 2. The oxidases in kidney, liver and cerebellum of hog were indistinguishable as regards immunoreactivity toward anti-hog kidney DAO antibody, specific activity and molecular weight. 3. The oxidases in @entity35 and @entity235 kidneys immunochemically cross-reacted with anti-hog DAO antibody. 4. The overall structure of the hog oxidase was more similar to that of the @entity235 enzyme than that of the @entity35 , while the structure around the catalytic site of the hog oxidase was more similar to that of the @entity35 oxidase than that of the @entity235 enzyme. 5. On immunoblot analysis, two forms of the oxidase were detected in extracts of hog, @entity35 and @entity235 kidneys.

title: Immunochemical relationship of XXXX oxidases in various tissues and animals.

entities_list: @entity2705 :: ('CHEBI:16733', 'Chemical') :: ['D-amino acid']

answer: @entity2705 :: (CHEBI:16733,Chemical) :: ['D-amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with advanced @entity418 including clinical T4 @entity5 , extensive @entity1600 , or intramural @entity3 have a dismal prognosis, despite recent multimodality treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using @entity1487 , @entity632 , and @entity900 or @entity1814 ( @entity1941 /N) in these @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were enrolled in this study. The first 9 @entity1 received 600 mg/m2 @entity1487 on days 1-7 and days 29-35, and 30 mg/m2 @entity632 and 60 mg/m2 @entity900 on days 1 and 29 ( @entity1941 ). The next 17 @entity1 received modified @entity1941 , in which 50 mg/m2 @entity1814 was given instead of @entity900 (FAN). RESULTS: Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 developed in 6 @entity1 (23.1%) during chemotherapy, but there was no discontinuation of treatment. The clinical response rate was 46.2%. Twenty-one @entity1 (80.8%) underwent esophagectomy, and R0 resection was achieved in 16 @entity1 (61.5%). The 1-year survival rates of 26 @entity1 , 21 @entity1 with resectable @entity5 , 16 with R0 resection, and 12 clinical responders, were 31.3%, 32.1%, 33.3%, and 45.5%, respectively, each with a median survival time of 9 months. The median progression-free survival time of 26 @entity1 was 6 months; in 16 @entity1 with R0 resection progression-free survival was 6.5 months. There was no correlation between the recurrence pattern and @entity5 spread before treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1941 /N was found to have acceptable @entity137 and the ability to control @entity5 , but made little contribution to @entity1 survival. The efficacy of this treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity418 , however, may not yet be apparent.

title: Efficacy and XXXX of @entity1487 , @entity632 , and @entity900 / @entity1814 treatment as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'locoregional tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Depending on the stage of disease, several operative and non-operative treatment options exist for @entity6 @entity1 with Charcot @entity5109 . In the early stages of the disease, the most effective treatment is total-contact cast application. In @entity1 with multiple bone @entity174 and deformations, surgical interventions are generally required for the reconstruction of foot architecture. Exostectomy, osteotomy, arthrodesis, and internal-external fixation are some of these operative methods. However, recurrence of @entity1066 is very likely following these surgical procedures. If the lesion and infection reach to midfoot and hindfoot region, a major amputation is usually required for treatment. METHODS: We have been performing Boyd's operation for the last 10 years in @entity6 @entity1 who had complicated lesions in midfoot and hindfoot regions. Furthermore, since 2004, we have been doing the same operation for complicated Charcot @entity5109 . So far, we have treated 11 @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 53.4  10.2 years, and the mean duration of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was 17.5  7.2 years. All @entity1 had @entity281 with @entity174 of the tarsal bones for at least 2 years. Durable wound coverage and @entity3947 were achieved in all @entity1 with two-staged Boyd's operation. No recurrence is detected in any of the @entity1 during mean post-operative follow-up period of 2.1  0.8 years. CONCLUSION: Boyd's operation is a reliable option for the treatment of @entity1 with late stage Chatcot @entity5109 .

title: A new limb-salvaging technique for the treatment of late stage complicated Charcot XXXX : Two-staged Boyd's operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformities', 'foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM', 'diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer and infection']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infections']

answer: @entity5109 :: (MESH:D005530,Disease) :: ['foot deformity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6120 is an aspect of @entity6119 , which is characterized by juvenile onset, rapidly progressive deterioration, and poor visual outcome due to @entity3202 or flecks. Recently, a late-onset form has been described, on the borderline with @entity13785 . However, @entity1940 are not frequent and rarely described in @entity6119 . CASE REPORT: Late discovery of FFM in a @entity1 over 50 years old. During her follow-up, she presented a decrease in visual acuity due to juxtafoveal @entity1940 . In spite of laser treatment, a retrofoveal recurrence appeared, which was treated with perifoveal laser. DISCUSSION: Confusion between @entity13785 and a late-onset @entity6119 may occur because of their many clinical similarities. The population and the fundus results can be similar to @entity13785 and an examiner may be confused. In the literature, @entity1940 appear in @entity1 over 50 years of age who may suffer from @entity13785 . In @entity6120 , pigmentary epithelium alterations are due to progressive lipoproteic scrap storage that predisposes to Bruch's membrane rupture and @entity1940 . This physiopathology resembles the that of @entity13785 . CONCLUSION: @entity1940 are possible in late-onset @entity6119 . Their appearance together may be greater than previously believed.

title: [ @entity6120 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal neovascular complications', 'choroidal neovascular complications', 'choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6120 :: ('MESH:C535804', 'Disease') :: ['Fundus flavimaculatus', 'fundus flavimaculatus']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic areas']

entities_list: @entity6119 :: ('MESH:C580470', 'Disease') :: ["Stargardt's disease", 'Stargardt disease', 'Stargardt']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: Determining positive food challenges are not easy as there is an absence of simple and objective tests. @entity112 , an essential mediator for @entity56 , is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) and food challenges can change @entity112 levels. The significances of a prick test with @entity112 ( @entity112 prick test, @entity2742 ) relating to the interpretation of food challenges in @entity483 were evaluated. A total of 467 @entity483 @entity1 participated in this study. Skin prick tests, identification of specific IgE and open food challenge were conducted for the identification of @entity5419 . Elimination diet was performed with @entity2742 . HPTs were conducted before and after food challenges. The wheal sizes by @entity2742 were significantly decreased after an elimination diet. The relative changes of wheal sizes significantly correlated with those of clinical severity scores in @entity483 @entity1 (p<0.001). The wheal sizes in @entity2742 were increased with a positive provocation in open food challenges. In conclusion, @entity2742 may be a simple and objective test to interprete the results of food challenges in @entity1 with @entity483 . The exact mechanisms of the changes in skin reactivity by @entity2742 need further investigation.

title: Clinical application of XXXX prick test for food challenge in @entity483 .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pregnant @entity1 with @entity2885 develop @entity649 ( @entity649 ) more frequently than non-pregnant @entity1 . The reasons for this remain unknown. The complement system is a complex set of self-assembling proteins that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity649 and @entity295 . The purpose of this study was to determine if activation of the complement system occurs in pregnant @entity1 with @entity2885 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the plasma concentrations of @entity4417 , @entity10287 and @entity2242 (i.e., complement split products) in pregnant @entity1 with @entity2885 (n=38) and normal pregnant @entity1 (n=38). The complement split products @entity4417 , @entity10287 and @entity2242 were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics. RESULTS: 1) The median plasma concentration of @entity2242 in pregnant @entity1 with @entity2885 was significantly higher than that in normal pregnant @entity1 (p<0.001); 2) there was no statistical difference in the median plasma concentration of @entity4417 and @entity10287 between the two groups (p>0.05); and 3) concentrations of @entity4417 , @entity10287 and @entity2242 were not different among @entity1 with @entity2885 with and without @entity2259 . CONCLUSIONS: 1) @entity2885 in pregnant @entity1 is associated with an increased plasma concentration of @entity2242 , but not @entity4417 and @entity52732 ) an excess of @entity2242 can predispose pregnant @entity1 to develop @entity649 and multi-organ failure in @entity2885 . This finding may have clinical implications since blocking @entity2242 improves @entity649 in experimental @entity295 .

title: Increased concentration of the complement split product XXXX in @entity2885 during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis', 'acute pyelonephritis', 'Pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2242 :: (728,Gene) :: ['C5a']


abstract: A 57-year-old male became aware of a subcutaneous @entity5 in March 2001. Histopathological examination showed @entity3191 . He achieved complete remission after chemotherapy. Later the @entity706 relapsed in the subcutaneous lesion and chemotherapy was performed again. In April 2003, he developed @entity892 , @entity4653 , and @entity1282 . Abnormal lymphoid cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid. An immunophenotypical study disclosed that @entity3138 , CD3, @entity5893 , and @entity405 were positive. Rearrangement of @entity6057 was detected by Southern blotting. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging did not detect any intraparenchymal lesions, but thickening of multiple cranial nerves was detected. These nerves were homogeneously enhanced by @entity2287 - @entity12306 . After intrathecal chemotherapy, @entity1358 disappeared from the cerebrospinal fluid and thickening of the cranial nerves was resolved. Finally, @entity706 spread to the bone marrow, and the @entity1 died in July 2003.

title: Thickening of multiple cranial nerves in a XXXX with extranodal @entity3191 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['atypical cells']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Although toxicology screening is often used when treating @entity130 @entity1 , its utility and significance remain controversial. Data from 623 toxicology screens performed in urban @entity130 center @entity1 with mental status alterations are reported. The study @entity1 were predominantly black and male, with a mean age of 32 (+/- 22) years. Overall, 86% of screens were positive. Substances of abuse, including @entity1068 , were noted in 525 (84%) of urine toxicology screens. @entity1068 , cannabinoids, and @entity2072 were the drugs most commonly found in urine, with positivity noted in 53%, 37%, and 34% of screens. Serum analysis was 44% positive, with @entity1068 noted in 41% of @entity1 . In blacks, the odds ratio of illicit drug use before @entity130 ranged from 1.9 to 4.2 (p less than 0.005), and in those aged 17 to 40 years, the odds ratio for illicit urine drugs ranged from 4.7 to 16.8 (p less than 0.001). In @entity1 older than 40 years, the odds of a positive serum @entity1068 level were 1.7 times greater than in younger @entity1 , and a level above 300 mg% was 3.8 times more likely in this age group (p less than 0.001). When serum @entity1068 was detected, the odds ratio of a @entity542 was 1.4 relative to patients without serum @entity1068 (p less than 0.06), and the odds ratio for @entity3511 was 1.6 for patients with serum @entity1068 (p less than 0.03). The odds of a TS less than 12 were 1.8 (p less than 0.05), and the odds of a GCS less than 12 were 3.3 (p less than 0.001) with @entity1068 levels greater than 100 mg%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Toxicology screening in urban @entity130 @entity1 : drug prevalence and its relationship to XXXX severity and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: To establish a new non- @entity1 primate model for @entity1 cytokine and gene therapy, we characterized lymphocytes and haematopoietic progenitor cells of the small New World monkey, the @entity7533 . We first assessed the reactions of marmoset bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) cells to mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the purpose of isolating marmoset lymphocytes and haematopoietic progenitor cells. Both cell fractions stained with @entity25193 and CD8 mAbs were identified as lymphocytes by cell proliferation assay and morphological examination. Myeloid-specific mAbs such as @entity54097 and @entity54098 did not react with marmoset BM and PB cells. No available @entity54099 and @entity54100 mAbs could be used to purify the marmoset haematopoietic progenitor cells. Furthermore, we studied the in vitro transduction of the @entity7791 (LacZ) gene into CFU-GM derived from marmoset BM using retroviral and adenoviral vectors. The transduction efficiency was increased by using a mixed culture system consisting of marmoset BM stromal cells and retroviral producer cells. It was also possible to transduce LacZ gene into marmoset haematopoietic progenitor cells with adenoviral vectors as well as retroviral vectors. The percentage of adenovirally transduced LacZ-positive clusters was 15% at day 4 (multiplicity of infection=200), but only 1-2% at day 14. The differential use of viral vector systems is to be recommended in targeting different diseases. Our results suggested that marmoset BM progenitor cells were available to examine the transduction efficiency of various viral vectors in vitro.

title: Haematopoietic progenitor cells from the XXXX as targets of gene transduction by retroviral and adenoviral vectors.

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['common marmoset']

answer: @entity7533 :: (9483,Species) :: ['common marmoset']


abstract: We reviewed a single surgeon's experience with the surgical management of refractory trochanteric @entity2585 in an active population group. The surgical procedure consisted of simple longitudinal release of the iliotibial band over the greater trochanter and excision of the subgluteal bursa. To our knowledge, this is the first series to use this technique. Seven hips in five @entity1 form the basis of the study, making it one of the largest surgical series reported. All @entity1 had no improvement after a minimum of 1 year of nonoperative management consisting of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication, iliotibial band stretching, diathermy, ultrasound, and injections of local anesthetics combined with @entity288 (average, 4.8 injections). @entity1 had experienced symptoms preoperatively for an average of 3.8 years and had noted marked limitation in vocational and recreational activities. The preoperative Harris hip score averaged 51.7. Four of the five @entity1 (six hips) were available for evaluation at the time of this study, at an average of 20 months postoperatively. The average Harris hip score was 95.0. All @entity1 were satisfied with the surgical results and had returned to unrestricted vocational and athletic activities. The remaining @entity1 was last seen 6 months postoperatively and her Harris hip score had improved from 49 to 84.

title: Surgical management of refractory trochanteric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['bursitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The ubiquitously expressed basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor ITF-2B has an important role in differentiation processes, and its transcription is regulated by @entity3546 . The @entity15914 gene is located in the chromosomal region 18q21; allelic loss of this locus occurs in 70% of @entity14 . We analyzed the expression, regulation, and function of ITF-2B in @entity14 . METHODS: The loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) status of 18q21 and expression of ITF-2B were studied in @entity14 using polymerase chain reaction-based methods and immunohistochemistry. The biologic effects of ITF-2B were studied in @entity14 cells. Reporter gene assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation were utilized to analyze effects of ITF-2B on gene transcription. RESULTS: ITF-2B is strongly expressed in colon @entity652 but frequently down-regulated in @entity189 because of LOH at 18q21. ITF-2B induces cell cycle arrest and regulates the expression of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) via newly identified E-boxes in the @entity994 gene, independently of @entity876 . Loss of ITF-2B expression correlates with loss of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) expression in primary @entity694 . CONCLUSIONS: Accumulation of mutations and allelic losses are driving forces of @entity14 . ITF-2B, which is up-regulated during early @entity14 because of loss of @entity1412 , is a target for LOH on chromosome 18q, along with deleted in @entity14 and @entity1594 . This finding, along with the fact that ITF-2B is a regulator of the key cell cycle inhibitor @entity994 ( @entity994 ), indicates that ITF-2B is a @entity5 suppressor that has an important function at the @entity2513 transition.

title: XXXX is disrupted via allelic loss of chromosome 18q21, and ITF-2B expression is lost at the @entity2513 transition.

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal carcinogenesis', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma to carcinoma']

answer: @entity15914 :: (6925,Gene) :: ['ITF-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sepsis is a major healthcare problem in Pediatric intensive Care unit (PICU). Therapies administrated in the initial hours after @entity295 develops are likely to influence outcome. To guide the bedside clinician to improve the outcomes, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe @entity295 and @entity326 was updated in 2008. This study aimed to assess the presentation, severity of disease, intensive care outcome of @entity1 with @entity295 admitted to the PICU and evaluate the compliance of implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. METHODS: Medical records of the @entity1 treated for @entity295 in PICUs of 4 hospitals including @entity1 's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai @entity1 's Medical Centre, @entity1 's Hospital of Shanghai and Shanghai Xinhua Hospital from April 2008 to March 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Doctors of the Critical Care Centre not involved in the clinical management analyzed the clinical charts and compared the treatment received and how the Surviving Sepsis Campaign implements. RESULTS: 1. Out of the 2100 @entity1 admitted to the 4 PICUs from April 2008 to March 2009, 304 (14.48%) were diagnosed @entity295 , among whom 212 (69.74%) @entity1 were sent to the PICU directly; 118 (38.8%) cases suffered from severe @entity295 , 36 (30.51%) of whom died. Five (2.8%) cases died of @entity295 , there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). The median age of the @entity1 was 37 months. The sex ratio (M:F) was 1.95:1. The Pediatric @entity3124 Score on admission and the lowest score of the survivors were significantly higher than that of the dead cases. 2. All the @entity1 suffering from @entity326 received fluid resuscitation, 22.95% of whom were inappropriate, including no enough fluid administration and too early vasopressor preference; 30% cases treated with vasopressor were not diagnosed @entity326 , and no @entity1063 or @entity1425 was administrated. Antibiotics were administrated in 181 (59.54%) cases within 1 hr of admission. Low-dose @entity230 therapy was given to 64 cases, 39 of whom did not suffer from severe @entity295 or @entity326 . A few cases were treated with insulin, heparin or continuous blood purification. 3. Of all the @entity295 @entity1 , 41 (13.5%) died. Thirty-six @entity1 (30.51%) with severe @entity295 and 5 (2.80%) cases who did not suffer from severe @entity295 died, which made significant difference (P < 0.01); 29 (29%) of 100 cases whose Pediatric @entity3124 Score was < 80 died, which was 70.73% of all the deaths, and 12 (5.88%) cases whose severity score was > 80 died, 29.27% of all the dead cases (P < 0.05). Of all the cases, 46 (15.1%) gave up treatment. CONCLUSION: There is a high proportion of @entity295 in @entity1 admitted to the four PICUs in Shanghai. @entity1 who have low Glasgow severity score or in their very young age have a higher mortality rate. The adherence to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines still needs to be improved.

title: [Hospital epidemiology, management and outcome of @entity295 and severe XXXX in 4 PICUs in Shanghai].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critical Illness']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of glove powder @entity738 in peritoneal nodules presumed to represent @entity189 has not gained widespread attention and remains a challenging clinical problem even for the experienced surgeon. STUDY DESIGN: During the past four years, we have registered ten cases of multiple glove powder @entity738 , believed by the surgeon to represent @entity5 dissemination, but diagnosed by the pathologist as glove powder granules with the typical Maltese cross pattern when viewed under polarized light. RESULTS: @entity1 were referred with the presumptive diagnosis of intra-abdominal malignant disease and all had undergone at least one previous laparotomy during the past few years at a hospital that used powdered gloves. The unsuspected perioperative finding of multiple peritoneal nodules was presumed to represent @entity189 and resulted in the surgeon erroneously cancelling the operation in one case. In six other cases, the results of perioperative frozen sections caused the surgeon to change strategy and perform the planned procedure. Three @entity1 had starch powder @entity298 postoperatively and one of them had a fatal @entity358 . In two @entity1 , the starch powder reaction was associated with the occurrence of true @entity189 and one @entity1 later had recurrence of hepatic metastases. After a mean follow-up period of 17 months, six @entity1 are alive with no signs of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on this information, we recommend routine pathologic documentation of all peritoneal nodules appearing to be @entity5 dissemination. If the results influence the surgical procedure, frozen sections should always be performed. To minimize the risk of powder-induced complications, the use of particle-free gloves is strongly recommended.

title: Multiple glove powder @entity738 masquerading as peritoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'disseminated malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An intranasal (IN) formulation of @entity6058 was recently FDA approved in adult @entity1 for the short-term management of moderate to moderately severe @entity158 that requires analgesia at the opioid level. SCOPE: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability of IN @entity6058 . Databases used for this literature search include PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 1980 to January 2012. All primary papers on IN @entity6058 were eligible, including pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, clinical, outcomes, and meta-analyses. The approved product labeling was a source of information, as well as the bibliographies of published articles which were reviewed for additional pertinent literature. FINDINGS: The search yielded six relevant studies all of which were selected for this review and included efficacy and safety trials, one pharmacokinetics study, and one preclinical study. IN @entity6058 is a non-steroidal inflammatory drug that exhibits its effect mainly by inhibiting @entity21512 with high affinity for @entity9859 . Absorption of IN @entity6058 displays a median t(max) of 0.50-0.75 hours and has a t(  ) of approximately 5-6 hours. Primary analyses included evaluation of @entity1286 use and summed @entity158 intensity difference (SPID) which was assessed using a visual analog scale. In one of the two phase III studies, the mean SPID6 score was 83.3 in the IN @entity6058 group versus 37.2 in the placebo group, p = 0.007. In another phase III study, the mean SPID6 score was 117.4 in the IN @entity6058 group versus 89.9 in the placebo group, p = 0.032. IN @entity6058 was well-tolerated with most adverse events associated with the route of administration. CONCLUSION: Based on the clinical trials reviewed, IN @entity6058 was associated with significant @entity158 reduction in @entity1 with various post-operative procedures, with good tolerability.

title: A review of intranasal ketorolac tromethamine for the short-term management of moderate to moderately severe XXXX that requires analgesia at the opioid level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) are the most common differential diagnoses in @entity1 with @entity73 . Although of different etiology, small vessel disease is postulated to be present in both conditions. We investigated global cerebral blood flow (CBF), global cerebral circulation time (CCT) and global cerebral blood volume (CBV) in @entity1294 and @entity195 @entity1 using a multimodal ultrasound (US) approach. 20 @entity1294 and 20 @entity195 @entity1 were included and compared with 12 age-matched controls. Duplex US of both internal carotid and vertebral arteries was performed to measure CBF. CCT was defined as the time delay of an echo-contrast bolus arrival between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein using extracranial Doppler. CBV was calculated as the product of CBF and CCT. CBF was significantly lower ( @entity1294 : 570 +/- 61; @entity195 : 578 +/- 77; controls: 733 +/- 54 ml/min) and CCT significantly longer (8.8 +/- 2.6; 8.2 +/- 1.4; 6.4 +/- 0.8 s) in both @entity1 groups compared with controls (p < 0.003). No difference in CBF and CCT was found between the two @entity1 groups. CBV was similar in all three groups (82 +/- 20; 79 +/- 19; 78 +/- 9 ml). The equally reduced CBF and prolonged CCT in @entity1294 and @entity195 support the hypothesis, that small vessel disease is a relevant factor in both types of @entity303 . The presented multimodal US approach helps to assess the extent of changes in the global cerebral hemodynamics in @entity1 with @entity303 but does not allow a differentiation between @entity1294 and @entity195 .

title: Ultrasonographic measurement of cerebral blood flow, cerebral circulation time and cerebral blood volume in vascular and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular dementia', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's dementia"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's dementia']


abstract: A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of @entity9454 ( @entity9454 , @entity9455 ) and @entity18884 ( @entity18885 ) in water and soil samples was developed by using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The water samples were directly used for the DLLME extraction. For soil samples, the target analytes were first extracted by 0.1 mol L(-1) @entity5828 . Then, the pH of the extract was adjusted to 7.0 with 2 mol L(-1) @entity6674 before the DLLME extraction. In the DLLME extraction method, @entity3636 ( @entity39320 ) was used as extraction solvent and @entity6188 ( @entity8694 ) as dispersive solvent. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors for MBC and @entity18885 were ranged between 149 and 210, and the extraction recoveries were between 50.8 and 70.9%, respectively. The linearity of the method was obtained in the range of 5-800 ng mL(-1) for water sample analysis, and 10-1000 ng g(-1) for soil samples, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.9987 to 0.9997. The limits of detection were 0.5-1.0 ng mL(-1) for water samples, and 1.0-1.6 ng g(-1) for soil samples. The @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) varied from 3.5 to 6.8% (n=5). The recoveries of the method for MBC and @entity18885 from water samples at spiking levels of 5 and 20 ng mL(-1) were 84.0-94.0% and 86.0-92.5%, respectively. The recoveries for soil samples at spiking levels of 10 and 100 ng g(-1) varied between 82.0 and 93.4%.

title: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for the determination of @entity9454 and XXXX in environmental samples.

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['RSDs', 'relative standard deviations']

entities_list: @entity6188 :: ('MESH:C018674', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrofuran']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity9454 :: ('MESH:C006698', 'Chemical') :: ['carbendazim', 'methyl benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity18884 :: (MESH:D013827,Chemical) :: ['thiabendazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity6790 ( @entity6791 ) mutation in the gene for @entity2557 ( @entity2557 ) has been found in @entity1 with various types of @entity91 . We aimed to find out the proportion of cases of apparently @entity6792 attributable to this mutation. METHODS: We studied 26 @entity1 with @entity6792 but no syndromic diagnosis, who were referred to a supra-regional specialist centre. Genomic DNA was analysed by PCR and restriction-enzyme digestion to identify the @entity6790 mutation in @entity2557 . Family members of @entity1 found to have the mutation were also tested. FINDINGS: Eight (31%) of the 26 probands were heterozygous for the @entity6790 mutation. In two cases, the mutation showed autosomal dominant transmission with evidence of variable expressivity; the remaining six cases were sporadic. We demonstrated in six families that the mutation had arisen de novo from clinically unaffected parents. INTERPRETATION: The @entity6790 mutation in @entity2557 is a frequent cause of apparently @entity6792 . Our finding will aid genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. The mutation rate at this @entity4334 is one of the highest described in the @entity1 genome.

title: Prevalence of @entity6791 mutation of XXXX in @entity6792 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2557 :: ('2261', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor 3', 'FGFR3']

entities_list: @entity6792 :: ('MESH:C537369', 'Disease') :: ['coronal craniosynostosis', 'non-syndromic coronal craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity6791 :: ('p|SUB|P|250|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro250Arg']

answer: @entity2557 :: (2261,Gene) :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor 3']


abstract: Angiotensin 1-7 ( @entity55704 -7) has been reported to induce relaxation which is partially blocked by a kinin receptor antagonist. We investigated the relationship between kinins and angiotensin peptides with use of preconstricted isolated @entity1707 coronary arteries. @entity55704 -7 alone (up to 10(-5) M) had no relaxant effect. @entity1812 (BK) (10(-10)-10(-7) M) induced transient relaxation, returning to basal tone, although BK remained in the bath. In these BK-stimulated rings, @entity55704 -7 but not BK (both 5 x 10(-6) M) again relaxed the rings by approximately 50%. This relaxation was blocked by a BK B2 antagonist, a kininase, and a @entity842 synthase inhibitor. @entity55704 -7 inhibited purified @entity36667 ( @entity36667 ) by 30 +/- 3.5% (n = 4) at 10(-6) M. However, in BK-pretreated rings, the @entity36667 inhibitor ramiprilat did not induce relaxation, nor did it affect the relaxant response to @entity55704 -7, which suggests that the effect of @entity55704 -7 was not caused by @entity36667 inhibition. @entity55704 -7-induced vasodilation was reduced by 69.9 +/- 6.2% by an AT2 receptor blocker, @entity11083 , and 29.3 +/- 7.3% by an @entity39829 antagonist, @entity9886 . Neither the nonselective @entity39829 /AT2 receptor antagonist @entity7711 nor @entity11605 inhibited the response to @entity55704 -7. Ang II did not elicit relaxation either alone or in the presence of @entity9886 , which suggests that activation of AT2 receptors does not cause relaxation. Thus, in the presence of @entity1812 , @entity55704 -7 relaxes @entity1707 coronary arteries via a @entity11083 -sensitive mechanism involving @entity842 , kinins and the BK B2 receptor. The kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems may be linked through the interaction of @entity55704 -7 and BK.

title: Angiotensin 1-7 induces XXXX -mediated relaxation in porcine coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity11605 :: ('MESH:D012504', 'Chemical') :: ['saralasin']

entities_list: @entity36667 :: ('613133(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin', 'Bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity7711 :: ('MESH:C014805', 'Chemical') :: ['sarthran']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']