abstract: In this clinical trial we evaluated the clinical effects of @entity1343 in spinal anesthesia in @entity1 . An open, noncomparative study was performed on 40 @entity1 , aged 1-14 yr, undergoing elective lower abdominal or lower limb surgery. A plain solution of @entity26867 5 mg/mL at a mean dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight (range, 0.2-0.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered via the @entity6357 or L4-5 interspace with the @entity1 in the lateral decubitus position. After injection, the @entity1 were placed supine. The spread and duration of sensory analgesia and the degree of @entity616 were recorded. Satisfactory surgical anesthesia was achieved in 39 of the 40 @entity1 . One @entity1 received supplemental anesthesia. The mean highest level of sensory block was T4 (range, T2 to L1), and the mean time to the regression of sensory block to T10 was 90 min (range, 43-185 min). @entity6015 was achieved in 36 @entity1 . These results are similar to those obtained with racemic @entity1341 in @entity510 in @entity1 . IMPLICATIONS: This noncomparative, descriptive study showed that @entity1343 , the S(-)-enantiomer of @entity1341 , has equivalent clinical efficacy in spinal anesthesia in @entity1 to that of racemic @entity1341 .

title: XXXX for pediatric spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity26867 :: ('CHEBI:6149', 'Chemical') :: ['S(-)-bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6015 :: ('MESH:C535758', 'Disease') :: ['A complete motor block']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['motor block']

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['Levobupivacaine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3706 Background: Chemotherapy is increasingly utilized in the management of @entity14 . @entity1398 represents the major dose-limiting @entity137 of chemotherapy with @entity221 ( @entity221 ) often requiring hospitalization for empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. METHODS: Hospitalization of @entity14 @entity1 with @entity221 at 115 academic medical centers between 1995 and 2000 was studied using the discharge database of the University HealthSystem Consortium. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate relative risk based on adjusted odds ratios (OR). RESULTS: Over a six-year period, 957 @entity1 with @entity14 experienced 1046 hospitalizations for @entity221 . The number of @entity221 hospitalizations increased 130% from 119 in 1995 to 272 in 2000. The mean (median) length of stay was 9.0 (6) days while the average (median) cost per hospitalization was  12,484 ( 7,153). The 30% of @entity1 hospitalized >=  10 days accounted for 62% of all hospital days and 66% of all costs. @entity922 was reported in 57% of @entity1 with microbiologically documented infection reported in 31% including gram-negative @entity295 in 8.5%, gram-positive in 2.7% and other @entity2348 in 17.5%. @entity55 was reported in 5%, while 5% presented with @entity551 and 34% with evidence of @entity3485 . @entity204 occurred in 8.5% of hospitalizations. Mortality rates were greatest in those with gram-negative @entity295 (35%), gram-positive @entity295 (23%), @entity551 (23%) and @entity55 (32%). One or more major comorbidities were reported in 57% of @entity1 . Mortality rates increased with the number of comorbidities (P-trend<.0001). Significant independent risk factors for mortality in multivariate analysis were gram-negative @entity295 (OR=6.1), gram-positive @entity295 (OR=3.8), @entity3485 (OR=2.5), @entity55 (OR=4.9), @entity358 (OR=4.6), @entity409 (OR=4.4), @entity299 (OR=3.9) and other @entity455 (OR=13.3). CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy has assumed an increasingly important role in the management of @entity14 . Nearly one-third of @entity1 hospitalized with @entity221 experience complicated hospitalizations with significant morbidity and mortality. [Table: see text].

title: Hospitalization with @entity1398 in @entity14 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['FN', 'fever and neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers differ in their affinity for the AT1-receptor, suggesting a dissimilar potency for inhibiting @entity1808 -induced vascular constriction. In the present study, we compared the effects of @entity1564 , @entity7056 and @entity9886 on the @entity8 to locally-formed @entity1808 , using isolated, perfused hydronephrotic @entity35 kidneys. Addition of 1 nmol/L angiotensin I ( @entity10340 I, the precursor of @entity1808 ) significantly reduced the diameters of interlobular arteries (ILAs; -47.6  2.6%), afferent arterioles (AAs; -43.6  2.3%) and efferent arterioles (EAs; -31.6  2.4%). @entity1564 and @entity7056 were more potent in antagonising the constriction to @entity10340 I than @entity9886 . By contrast, @entity1564 and @entity7056 differed only slightly in potency. After a washing period of 60 minutes with drug-free medium, a second application of @entity10340 I failed to induce vasoconstriction only in @entity1564 -treated kidneys. Pretreatment of hydronephrotic kidneys with @entity1564 , to further explore its antagonistic properties, shifted the dose-response curves of @entity10340 II approximately 2 log units to the right without reducing the maximal @entity1808 -induced constriction of ILAs, AAs or EAs. Additionally, dose-response curves of @entity1808 were similar after short (10 minutes) and prolonged (60 minutes) preincubation with @entity1564 . Our findings indicate that @entity1564 and @entity7056 are more potent inhibitors of @entity8 to locally-formed @entity1808 than @entity9886 . The inhibitory effect of @entity1564 is more prolonged, suggesting a slow dissociation from the AT1-receptor. Additionally, @entity1564 was found to block the @entity1808 -induced constriction of renal microvessels in a surmountable manner.

title: Comparison of the AT1-receptor blockers XXXX , @entity7056 and @entity9886 for inhibiting @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal microvascular constriction']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['Candesartan', 'candesartan']

answer: @entity1564 :: (MESH:C081643,Chemical) :: ['candesartan']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the recommended first-line treatment for staghorn stones. To achieve complete stone clearance, PCNL may require using multiple tracts. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcome of PCNL in @entity1 with staghorn calculi and its correlation with the number of tracts and stone features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with @entity1290 who underwent PCNL were included in the study. Perioperative and postoperative features were recorded. Correlation of the variables with number of tracts and stone size was assessed. RESULTS: Mean age (   SD) was 49.6    14.7 years. Our @entity1 were ASA class I. The mean cumulative stone burden was 365.9    156.5 mm(2). The mean number of tracts was 2.4 (range: 1-7), and stone-free rate was 83%. The stone-free rate (p = 0.026) and hospital stay (p = 0.005) correlated with stone size, but not with number of tracts. @entity86 correlated with stone size (p = 0.017) and number of tracts (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: PCNL using multiple tracts seem to be effective and safe in treatment of staghorn calculi. Most outcome measures correlated with stone size rather than number of tracts.

title: Number of tracts or stone size: which influences outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for XXXX ?.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['staghorn renal stone']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative fever']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['staghorn renal stones']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cosyntropin has been reported to be effective in the treatment of post-dural puncture @entity10 , but there is a lack of data on its effectiveness. We compared the efficacy of cosyntropin with that of @entity5834 in the treatment of post-dural puncture @entity10 . METHODS: We performed an interim analysis of a prospective, double blinded, trial of adult @entity1 presenting to the emergency department with a post-dural puncture @entity10 . @entity1 were randomized to receive either intravenous @entity5834 or intravenous cosyntropin. Values on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) were recorded at 0, 60, and 120 minutes to assess @entity158 . Rescue therapy was documented on the study data forms. Its effectiveness was determined by the need for this therapy. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were included and four @entity1 were excluded from the analysis because of protocol violations or incomplete data. Analysis was based on intention-to-treat. @entity5834 was 80% (95% CI 60-100%) effective and cosyntropin was 56% (95% CI 33-79%) effective in treating post-dural puncture @entity10 . The group's VAS scores at 0, 60, and 120 minutes were 80 mm, 41 mm, 31 mm for @entity5834 and 80 mm, 40 mm, 33 mm for cosyntropin, respectively (P=0.66). CONCLUSION: @entity5834 was not more effective than cosyntropin in treating @entity1 with post-dural puncture @entity10 , and there was no difference in the degree of @entity158 relief on VAS assessment.

title: Comparison of cosyntropin versus @entity5834 for post-dural puncture XXXX : A randomized double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headaches']


abstract: Animal models of glial-derived @entity5 are needed to study the biological mechanisms of @entity11 and those that sustain the disease state. With the aim to develop and characterize a suitable in vivo experimental @entity19 model for infiltrating @entity816 , with predictable and reproducible growth patterns that recapitulate @entity1 @entity816 , this study was undertaken to analyze the long-term course of a syngeneic orthotopically implanted CT-2A @entity19 @entity816 in C57BL/6J @entity19 . Intracranial injection of CT-2A cells into caudate-putamen resulted in development of an aggressive @entity5 showing typical features of @entity1 @entity463 multiforme, sharing close histological, immunohistochemical, proliferative, and metabolic profiles. To simulate metastatic disease to the brain, CT-2A cells were injected through the internal carotid artery. Tumors identical to those obtained by intracranial injection were obtained. Finally, CT-2A cells were re-isolated from experimental @entity1313 and transcranially re-injected into the caudate-putamen of healthy @entity19 . These cells generated new @entity5 that were indistinguishable from the initial ones, suggesting in vivo self-renewal of @entity5 cells. Small-animal models are essential for testing novel biological therapies directed against relevant molecular targets. In a preliminary study, experimental CT-2A @entity5 were chronically treated with the small molecule 77427, a @entity27524 (GRP) blocker compound that inhibits angiogenesis. Treated animals developed significantly smaller @entity5 than controls, suggesting an antitumor action for 77427 in @entity463 . We conclude that the orthotopic CT-2A @entity5 model, as described herein, is appropriate to explore the mechanisms of @entity11 development and for preclinical trials of promising drugs.

title: Standardization of an orthotopic XXXX @entity1313 model following transplantation of CT-2A @entity816 cells.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'glioma tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity27524 :: ('225642(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['gastrin-releasing peptide']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The detection of factors associated with hospitalizations for @entity565 attacks should have a great value in the development of intervention strategies. However, these factors are unknown in @entity233 . Our aim was to investigate the factors associated with hospital admissions by comparing hospitalized @entity1 with the community control @entity565 @entity1 and the relationships between serum eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) levels and the disease severity. Eighty-one subjects hospitalized with @entity565 (69 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ) and 300 community control @entity565 @entity1 (227 @entity1 and 73 @entity1 ) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire including detailed demographic and clinical data was compiled by all patients. Serum ECP levels were measured in 76, 14, and 9 @entity1 of community control, hospitalized @entity565 @entity1 , and healthy controls, respectively. Hospitalized @entity1 were older and had longer @entity565 duration (p < 0.001). The significant risk factors for hospital admission for acute @entity565 attacks were previous severe @entity565 (odds ratio [OR], 12.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.17-29.0), @entity117 ( @entity117 ) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intolerance (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.70-7.74), chronic rhinosinusitis (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.16-4.33), lower educational level (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.33-4.18), and lower atopy ratio (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.13-3.50). These parameters were similar in @entity1 who were hospitalized and in @entity1 who had severe @entity565 of the community control. ECP levels were significantly higher in hospitalized and severe @entity565 @entity1 compared with healthy controls. In conclusion, the factors associated with hospitalizations were advanced age, prolonged @entity565 duration, presence of severe @entity565 , "nonatopy," @entity117 -nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intolerance, @entity1244 , and lower educational level. Further intervention strategies are needed to address these markers to prevent hospitalizations from @entity565 attacks.

title: Risk factors associated with hospitalizations for XXXX attacks in @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: This is a retrospective study conducted in all of the hospitals of Istanbul to survey new @entity1 with a traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) in 1992. In that year 152 new traumatic @entity1566 were identified. The estimated annual incidence was 21 per million population. The male/female ratio was 3/1. The mean age was 33, being 34 for male @entity1 and 31 for female @entity1 . 72% of all @entity1 were under the age of forty. The major causes of @entity1566 were falls (43%) and car accidents (41%), followed by being struck by an object (7%), @entity130 (5%), @entity130 (2%). Fifty @entity1 (33%) were tetraplegic and 102 (67%) paraplegic. Regarding the tetraplegic @entity1 the commonest level was C5, in those who were paraplegic L1. There were no cases at levels C1, T1 or T2. The commonest associated injury was @entity542 , followed by @entity174 of an extremity (or extremities). Severe @entity542 , as a major cause of @entity204 , may obscure the actual incidence of @entity1566 in this study. @entity2332 (exceeding road accidents) were mostly due to falls from buildings and accidents on work premises.

title: Traumatic XXXX in Istanbul, Turkey. An epidemiological study.

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Accidental falls']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['gunshot injury', 'stab injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4480 , a selective @entity750 and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor, increases rhabdosphincter contractility via the stimulation of pudendal motor neuron alpha-1 adrenergic and @entity750 -2 receptors. In this first phase 3 study we assessed the efficacy and safety of @entity4480 in @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 683 North American @entity1 22 to 84 years old were enrolled in this double-blind, placebo controlled study. The case definition included a predominant symptom of @entity3142 with a weekly @entity322 ( @entity322 ) of 7 or greater, the absence of predominant symptoms of urge @entity322 , normal diurnal and nocturnal frequency, a bladder capacity of 400 ml or greater, and a positive cough stress test and stress pad test. After a 2-week placebo lead-in period subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo (339) or 80 mg @entity4480 daily (344) as 40 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. Primary outcome variables included @entity322 and an @entity322 quality of life questionnaire. Van Elteren's test was used to analyze percent changes in @entity322 with a stratification variable of weekly baseline @entity322 (less than 14 and 14 or greater). ANCOVA was used to analyze @entity322 quality of life scores. RESULTS: Mean baseline @entity322 was 18 weekly and 436 subjects (64%) had a baseline @entity322 of 14 or greater. There was a significant decrease in @entity322 with @entity4480 compared with placebo (50% vs 27%, p <0.001) with comparably significant improvements in quality of life (11.0 vs 6.8, p <0.001). Of subjects on @entity4480 51% had a 50% to 100% decrease in @entity322 compared with 34% of those on placebo (p <0.001). These improvements with @entity4480 were associated with a significant increases in the voiding interval compared with placebo (20 vs 2 minutes, p <0.001) and they were observed across the spectrum of @entity322 severity. The discontinuation rate for adverse events was 4% for placebo and 24% for @entity4480 (p <0.001) with @entity390 the most common reason for discontinuation (6.4%). @entity390 , which was also the most common side effect, tended to be mild to moderate and transient, usually resolving after 1 week to 1 month. Of the 78 @entity1 who experienced treatment emergent @entity390 while taking @entity4480 58 (74%) completed the trial. CONCLUSIONS: These phase 3 data are consistent with phase 2 data and they provide further evidence for the safety and efficacy of @entity4480 as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3142 .

title: XXXX versus placebo for the treatment of North American @entity1 with @entity3142 .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['IEF', 'incontinence', 'incontinence episode frequency']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine', 'Duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress urinary incontinence', 'SUI']

answer: @entity4480 :: (MESH:C058218,Chemical) :: ['Duloxetine']


abstract: In this article, the mechanisms by which infection at a distant site could lead to ReA and whether they could explain the association of ReA with @entity1530 have been discussed. We propose that @entity603 is primarily due to specific synovial T-cell proliferation to fragments of the triggering bacterial found in the joint. Nonspecific T cells amplify @entity603 with antibodies playing only a secondary role. First, we have shown that the triggering bacterial antigen is present in a nonviable form in ReA synovium and that this, not cross-reactive joint autoantigen, stimulates the specific synovial immune response. Second, the studies of the humoral immune response in ReA have been reviewed. Further evidence of bacterial persistence in the joint comes from work demonstrating intrasynovial bacteria-specific antibody synthesis. Continuing maturation of the antibody response also points to persisting antigen. In enteric but not genitourinary ReA, the humoral response is mainly IgA, implying chronic stimulation of the gut mucosa. Analysis of the molecules against which the humoral response is directed has shown no difference between yersinia @entity625 and yersiniosis, but in CTA, the response to the 57kD and 59kD antigens differs from CT @entity6369 suggesting they may be arthritogenic. Finally, the antibody response may be absent in ReA patients rendering antibody titres diagnostically less useful and confirming their secondary role in the pathogenesis of @entity603 . Third, studies of cellular response in ReA have been analyzed. We show there is a specific synovial MNC proliferative response to fragments of the triggering bacteria found in the joint, which is potentially of diagnostic use. The proliferation is due to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and restricted by MHC class I and II antigens. This antigen-specific T-cell response is accompanied by an antigen-independent recruitment of nonspecific T cells, which may contribute to the amplification of @entity603 . The importance of the @entity1412 in determining the synovial immune response is unarguable but the exact mechanisms are unclear. Further details on the possible role of @entity1530 in the presentation of arthritogenic peptides and on the exact identity of the antigenic epitopes recognized in ReA must await analysis of a large panel of T-cell clones. Finally, it is hoped that advances in this field will lead to specific and effective immunologic therapies or vaccines for this currently untreatable disease.

title: Antigenic responses in reactive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['ReA synovitis', 'synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['synovial APC']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Significant functional decrease and @entity1463 of the pancreas graft in late delays cannot only be related to chronic rejection. Any transplantation leads to graft denervation, which may be an important cause of dysfunction. Studies concerning graft reinnervation were controversial. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and pertinence of a surgically directed reinnervation (SDR) of denervated/neuro-reflex isolated (NRI) or autotransplanted (aTx) pancreas. BASIC PROCEDURES: Anatomy of the nerves penetrating into the pancreas was studied in @entity1 , @entity235 , @entity468 , and @entity35 . Surgery and physiological investigations were performed in @entity235 , @entity468 , and @entity35 . Nervous conductivity between NRI, NRI+SDR pancreas, and brain was tested. Load tests with @entity413 , insulin, and adrenalin were performed; amylase and @entity9112 were determined in fasted and not fasted animals to evaluate the influence of NRI and SDR on pancreatic function. Histology was provided. Observation delays were 6  months. MAIN FINDINGS: Anatomic feasibility of SDR in @entity1 and animals was proved. Models of pancreatic tail NRI and surgical reconstitution of the interrupted nervous pathways (SDR) were elaborated in animals. The restoration of the @entity75 after SDR was electro physiologically proved. As blood @entity413 curves after load test, exocrine amylase and @entity9112 determination have shown that pancreas NRI or aTx leads to an exaggerated reaction to usual stimulations that may cause the observed graft functional exhaustion in late delays. SDR shortened the period of the graft neuro-reflex isolation, contributed to a quick normalization of its function, and prevented its late degradation. CONCLUSION: SDR was shown to be a simple surgical technique, easily performed after the graft surgical revascularization. Its functional and morphological efficiency was tested and proved. Thus, SDR may be recommended in @entity1 pancreas transplantation as pertinent.

title: Back to the reinnervation of the pancreas after transplantation? (Experimental study on XXXX , @entity468 , and @entity35 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-brain reflex axis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Ninety-four brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus) with spontaneous @entity5 ( @entity1185 and @entity189 ) were studied grossly and by light microscopy. Of these 94 fish, 71 were selected from 505 fish examined macroscopically during field surveys and 23 were selected from those submitted for diagnostic study. Fish with @entity5 came from 17 locations throughout New York State: Buffalo River, Canaan Lake, Cazenovia Lake, Delta Lake, Fort Pond, Greenwood Lake, Hudson River, Lake George, Lake Tiorati, Lincoln Hall Pond. Lincoln Pond, Oneida Lake, Onondaga Lake, Rutland Pond, Salmon River, @entity575 Stream Reservoir and Swan Lake. The prevalence varied from 0 to 100%. @entity5 were more common (84/94, 89%) than solitary ones (10/94, 11%). In order of decreasing frequency, @entity5 arose on the head, especially the ventral aspect, the lower dental plate, the upper dental plate, the trunk, the @entity26726 , the fins, the tongue, and the tail. Of the 38/94 brown bullheads (40%) with @entity5 in both upper and lower lips and dental plates, 24/38 (63%) had the @entity5 in opposition. Macroscopically, soft, pink or yellowish papillary masses protruded above the normal epithelial surfaces. Histologically, @entity1697 originated from the morphologically similar Malpighian epithelial cells of the surface epithelia and from the outer cells of the enamel organ. Based on histopathologic criteria, @entity1697 were considered the same disease in different anatomic locations. No apparent difference in biologic behavior was noted between @entity1697 . The lesions apparently progressed from benign @entity1185 to locally invasive @entity189 (28/94, 30%). @entity5 were seen in one case, and no metastases were detected. There was no statistically significant difference between the susceptibility of males (20/57, 35%) and females (6/26, 23%) to @entity189 . An apparent correlation was noted between a higher frequency of @entity5 and longer body size (3/13 fish [23%] < 30 cm, 17/54 fish [31%] 30-34 cm, and 7/18 fish [39%] > 34 cm).

title: Naturally occurring XXXX and @entity189 of brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus) in New York State.

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous and oral neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplastic emboli', 'malignant tumors', 'orocutaneous neoplasms', 'neoplasms', 'Multiple neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'papilloma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity1185 :: (MESH:D010212,Disease) :: ['orocutaneous papillomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE OF INVESTIGATION: An unusual type of @entity33 appearing in 6 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 after use of a new toothpaste (Odol med 3 Samtweiss) is described. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The seven @entity1 , aged 31 to 72 (average 53 years), were suffering from general sloughing of the oral mucosa. In all parts of the oral cavity including the gingiva propria a white @entity14705 -like layer was found that peeled off spontaneously or could be lifted off easily using a forceps in flakes up to 1 cm2. There was no @entity548 , but in two cases there were @entity158 . Specimens were examined histologically and cultured, especially for Candida species. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Histology of the removed membranes showed an epithelium composed of 2-15 layers without @entity1141 or vesicles. Normal oral flora was found. All @entity1 had begun using a new toothpaste 2-4 weeks before. When its use was discontinued, the @entity75 disappeared. Possible causes for the @entity75 ( @entity214 , @entity1372 polyphosphates) are discussed.

title: [Epitheliolysis of the mouth mucosa ( XXXX ) as a side effect of toothpaste].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['leukoedema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lesions']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal peeling']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful erosions']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium lauryl sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal peeling']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity320 of the female genitalia is a rare @entity5 . Only nine reports reviewing more than 40 @entity1 have been published on this subject in the past 30 years. These lesions arise from melanocytes, which can be found within the mucosa lining the female genital tract. Surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy, with little use for other modalities except in palliative roles. The overall prognosis is poor, with reported 5-year survival rates usually below 50%. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with primary @entity320 of the female genitalia seen at the Duke University Medical Center @entity320 Clinic during a 25-year period were studied retrospectively. Specific information was obtained from the @entity1 ' clinic charts and computerized databases. RESULTS: Thirty vulvar, nine vaginal, and four @entity75 were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 61.4 years. At initial presentation, two thirds of the @entity1 had localized disease only. Tumor @entity1066 and thickness of the @entity75 had a measurable impact on prognosis, whereas the presence of regional metastases at presentation did not. All but one @entity1 underwent resection with curative intent. The performance of radical operations did not improve outcome among @entity1 with @entity320 . Many of the treatment failures were the result of local recurrences, hinting at the need to improve local control. Despite therapy, the overall corrected 5-year survival rate was 54%. CONCLUSIONS: Prospective multicenter trials for @entity1 with @entity320 could be helpful in establishing uniform, standardized surgical protocols and delineating the applicability of new modalities and therapies, such as lymphoscintigraphy with sentinel node biopsy and high-dose interferon.

title: XXXX of the female genitalia: a clinicopathologic study of forty-three cases at Duke University Medical Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions', 'primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Mucosal melanoma', 'vulvar melanoma', 'Melanoma', 'vulvovaginal melanoma', 'mucosal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Mucosal melanoma']


abstract: Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy in rodents increases the risk of the offspring to develop @entity161 -related behaviors, suggesting a relationship between the immune system and the brain development. Here we tested the hypothesis that MIA induced by the viral mimetic @entity14018 ( @entity14018 ) in early or late gestation of @entity19 leads to @entity146 in the adulthood. On gestational days (GDs) 9 or 17 pregnant dams were treated with @entity14018 or saline via intravenous route and the offspring behaviors were measured during adulthood. Considering the progressive structural neuroanatomical alterations in the brain of individuals with @entity161 , we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to perform brain morphometric analysis of the offspring aged one year. MIA on GD9 or GD17 led to increased basal locomotor activity, enhanced motor responses to @entity3652 , a psychotomimetic drug, and reduced time spent in the center of the arena, suggesting an increased @entity148 -like behavior. In addition, MIA on GD17 reduced @entity413 preference in the offspring. None of the treatments altered the relative volume of the lateral ventricles. However, a decrease in brain volume, especially for posterior structures, was observed for one-year-old animals treated with @entity14018 compared with control groups. Thus, activation of the maternal immune system at different GDs lead to neuroanatomical and behavioral alterations possibly related to the positive and negative symptoms of @entity161 . These results provide insights on neuroimmunonological and neurodevelopmental aspects of certain psychopathologies, such as @entity161 .

title: Effects of early or late prenatal immune activation in @entity19 on behavioral and neuroanatomical abnormalities relevant to XXXX in the adulthood.

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid', 'poly I:C']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and neuroanatomical disorders']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity65 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . In @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , intensive glycemic control results in a robust reduction in @entity65 . However, intensive glycemic control does not have a major impact in reducing @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity2449 and perhaps @entity12098 decrease @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 to a greater extent than other treatment modalities. In @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 other risk factors including, @entity101 and @entity2299 , play a major role in inducing @entity65 , and control of these risk factors is paramount. In @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 in good glycemic control, the lipid profile is very similar to the general population. In contrast, in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , even with good glycemic control there are frequently lipid abnormalities (elevated @entity1674 and non - HDL @entity165 , decreased HDL, and an increase in small dense LDL). In both @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 poor glycemic control increases @entity412 levels and decreases HDL levels with only modest effects on LDL @entity165 levels. Extensive studies have demonstrated that statins decrease @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity6 . Treatment with high doses of potent statins reduces cardiovascular events to a greater extent than low dose @entity6817 therapy. Adding fibrates or @entity1670 to statin therapy has not been shown to further decrease cardiovascular events. In contrast, a recent study has shown that the combination of a statin and @entity3709 does result in a greater decrease in cardiovascular events than statins alone. Current recommendations indicate that most @entity1 with @entity6 should be on statin therapy.

title: Role of Glucose and Lipids in the XXXX of @entity1 with @entity6

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: AIM: To determine the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio and the degree of @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity6194 . METHODS: Between December 2011 and February 2013, 129 consecutive @entity6194 @entity1 who were admitted to the study hospitals for histological evaluation of chronic @entity409 were included in this retrospective study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the @entity82 score: individuals with a @entity82 score of F0 or F1 were included in the "no/minimal @entity1575 " group, whereas @entity1 with a @entity82 score of F2, F3, or F4 were included in the "advanced @entity1575 " group. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences 18.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data. A P value of < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: Three experienced and blinded pathologists evaluated the    brotic status and in   ammatory activity of 129 liver biopsy samples from the @entity6194 @entity1 . Following histopathological examination, the "no/minimal @entity82 " group included 79 individuals, while the "advanced @entity82 " group included 50 individuals. Mean (N/L) ratio levels were notably lower in @entity1 with advanced @entity82 when compared with @entity1 with no/minimal @entity82 . The mean value of the @entity5906 aminotransferase-platelet ratio index was markedly higher in cases with advanced @entity82 compared to those with no/minimal @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Reduced levels of the peripheral blood N/L ratio were found to give high sensitivity, speci   city and predictive values in @entity6194 @entity1 with significant @entity82 . The prominent finding of our research suggests that the N/L ratio can be used as a novel noninvasive marker of @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity6194 .

title: Is the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associated with @entity1575 in @entity1 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver    brosis', 'hepatitis B-related liver    brosis']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection', 'CHB']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: @entity1272 and @entity3747 are common adverse events during cetuximab treatment. The influence of the chemotherapeutic combination on serum levels is unknown and the predictive value is currently under discussion. This analysis investigated 79 @entity1 who had received cetuximab for at least 6 weeks in the day clinic of the @entity5 Center, University of Munich. @entity460 and @entity1760 serum levels were analyzed weekly; @entity5 response and adverse events were followed. Thirty-eight @entity1 had metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) and the predictive value of @entity1272 was tested in these @entity1 . During therapy, @entity460 serum levels decreased to about 97% of the baseline levels and were maintained for the duration of treatment. @entity1760 levels showed a significant time-dependent decrease. Serum levels of @entity1760 were lower when cetuximab was combined with a @entity902 derivative. After a treatment duration of 12 weeks, @entity1760 levels decreased to 70% in @entity902 -treated @entity1 , whereas they decreased to only 90% of baseline in @entity1 who did not receive @entity902 therapy. In @entity1 treated for mCRC, a decrease of serum @entity1760 below 95% of the baseline levels 14 days after initiating treatment separated @entity1 significantly in terms of survival times. @entity1760 levels decrease in a time-dependent manner during cetuximab therapy. As @entity1272 was more prominent in @entity1 receiving @entity902 agents, @entity1760 measurements may be advised in these @entity1 . In mCRC @entity1 treated with cetuximab, day-14 @entity1760 serum levels correlated with treatment efficacy.

title: Clinical relevance and utility of cetuximab-related changes in @entity1760 and XXXX serum levels.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['Hypomagnesemia', 'hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical, serologic, and electrophysiologic features of 2 @entity1 with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ), who also had presynaptic electrophysiologic abnormalities. METHODS: Case reports. RESULTS: Two @entity1 developed clinical symptoms consistent with @entity1737 . They lacked autonomic symptoms or signs, and their reflexes were not absent. @entity934 receptor antibody studies were positive, but assays for voltage-gated @entity460 channel antibodies were negative. Low-amplitude baseline compound muscle action potentials combined with large incremental responses immediately after exercise were consistent with a @entity74 . Thymic pathology in 1 @entity1 was characteristic of autoimmune @entity1737 showing @entity706 . No underlying @entity5 was found in either @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1737 may rarely have presynaptic electrophysiologic abnormalities. This may occur even in the absence of the typical clinical and serologic features of the @entity7235 . It is possible that there is another antibody present that is modulating presynaptic @entity934 release.

title: XXXX with presynaptic electrophysiologic abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid follicular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['presynaptic disorder']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7235 :: ('MESH:D015624', 'Disease') :: ['Lambert-Eaton syndrome']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['Myasthenia gravis']


abstract: We performed percutaneous perfusion of the upper urinary tract with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in 3 @entity1 . Two of them had undergone unilateral nephrectoureterectomy for @entity1698 in situ and one had undergone radical cystectomy with bilateral ureterocutaneostomy for invasive @entity150 . However, they suffered recurrent @entity3484 in situ within 2 years after their operation. Under ultrasound control a percutaneous nephrostomy tube was placed in the @entity1 . Before BCG perfusion unobstructed flow from the renal pelvis to the bladder was confirmed and pyelovenous or pyelolymphatic back flow was excluded under fluoroscopy. A dose of 240 mg BCG was dissolved in 150 ml 0.9% saline. The flask was placed 20 cm above the kidney of the resting @entity1 . A continuous flow of approximately 1 ml per minute was maintained. The perfusion was stopped after 2 hours and the nephrostomy tube was closed. Therapy was repeated at weekly intervals for a total of 6 perfusions (1 treatment course). In each of them urine cytology results became negative after 1 treatment course. No severe side effects were observed. Further investigation is also needed to determine whether BCG perfusion of the upper urinary tract could become a conservative treatment for @entity189 in situ of the upper urinary tract.

title: [Percutaneous Bacillus Calmette-Guerin perfusion of the upper urinary tract for XXXX in situ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ureter carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: Controversy exists whether acute @entity4854 is causally associated with worse @entity64 outcome or simply reflects a more severe @entity64 . In reversible @entity63 models, @entity4854 is associated with @entity8193 and conversion of penumbral tissue to @entity1188 . However, the relationship between @entity4854 , @entity8193 , and @entity64 outcome has not been explored in @entity1 . Sixty-three @entity64 @entity1 were prospectively evaluated with serial diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and acute blood @entity413 measurements. @entity1 with hypoperfused at-risk tissue were identified by acute perfusion-diffusion lesion mismatch. As a substudy, acute and subacute magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in the 33 most recent @entity1 to assess the relationship between acute blood @entity413 and @entity880 production in the @entity63 region. In 40 of 63 @entity1 with acute perfusion-diffusion mismatch, acute @entity4854 was correlated with reduced salvage of mismatch tissue from @entity1188 , greater final @entity1188 size, and worse functional outcome. These correlations were independent of baseline @entity64 severity, lesion size, and @entity6 status. Furthermore, higher acute blood @entity413 in @entity1 with perfusion-diffusion mismatch was associated with greater acute-subacute @entity880 production, which, in turn, was independently associated with reduced salvage of mismatch tissue. In contrast, acute blood @entity413 levels in nonmismatch @entity1 did not independently correlate with outcome measures, nor was there any acute-subacute increase in @entity880 in this group. Acute @entity4854 increases brain @entity880 production and facilitates conversion of hypoperfused at-risk tissue into @entity1188 , which may adversely affect @entity64 outcome. These findings support the need for randomized controlled trials of @entity146 glycemic control in @entity64 .

title: Acute @entity4854 adversely affects XXXX outcome: a magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: AIM: The author examined psychiatrically a group of 106 @entity1 with difficult @entity565 and 100 @entity1 with @entity117 -induced @entity565 . The special interest of the study was the careful analysis of the time, context and content of different @entity130 that the @entity1 from both groups had throughout their lives. METHODS: 106 consecutive adults with confirmed, physician-diagnosed difficult @entity565 and 100 @entity1 with @entity117 -induced @entity565 underwent @entity146 interview and assessment using M.I.N.I 5.0, Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI) and @entity4697 And @entity8396 Scale (PAS). Psychiatric assessment was performed by an experienced liaison psychiatrist according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV diagnosis. In the difficult @entity565 group, there were 78 @entity1 (74%) and 28 @entity1 (26%). The average age was 51.3 (SD = 14.5) for @entity1 and 47.5 (SD = 12.7) for @entity1 . In the @entity117 induced @entity565 group, there were 66 @entity1 (66%) and 34 @entity1 (34%). The average age was 52.7 (SD = 12.3) for @entity1 and 48.8 (SD = 13.0) for @entity1 . RESULTS: In both groups of @entity748 @entity1 @entity1 were majority (74% with difficult @entity565 and 66% with @entity117 -induced @entity565 ) with a higher level of @entity148 and @entity308 than @entity1 . It may be due to specific @entity204 of an emotionally close @entity1 , which occurred in adulthood. This kind of @entity130 may have impact on the aetiology of both @entity4697 and @entity308 . @entity1 are more exposed to this sort of @entity130 due to their social role. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible, that @entity130 affects the development, course and severity of @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity748 @entity1 . It may play a special role in development of difficult @entity565 .

title: [Gender and presence of profound XXXX of @entity4697 and @entity308 in difficult and @entity117 -induced @entity565 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['Panic', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['Agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['trauma of suffering and/or death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['psychological traumas', 'psychological trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['psychological traumas versus comorbidity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) constructed for hemodialysis access are prone to @entity439 . This can lead to life-threatening sequelae such as @entity1756 . The literature includes various guidelines on the management of certain aspects of access-related @entity439 formation; however, no classification system exists to guide reporting or prognostication. We aimed to create a universally acceptable classification for these @entity439 and establish guidance about their management. METHODS: We clinically examined, duplex scanned, and photographed all of the autologous arteriovenous fistulae in our local @entity177 population in January 2010 in order to categorize morphology. We then followed up the cohort for 2 years prospectively to assess outcomes, primarily of @entity397 or surgical intervention for @entity548 . RESULTS: A total of 344 @entity1 were included (292 currently needling their @entity292 and 52 with low @entity1011 clearance awaiting dialysis). In all, 43.5% of dialyzed @entity1 had aneurysmal fistulae. We propose a classification system as follows: type 1a: dilated along the length of the vein; type 1b: postanastomotic @entity439 ; type 2a: classic " @entity20770 hump"; type 2b: combination of type 2a and 1b; type 3: complex; and type 4: @entity2849 . Six fistulae needed emergency surgery for @entity548 in the 2-year follow-up period and 5 of these were type 2 @entity439 . The remaining one was in the nonaneurysmal group, although it had become aneurysmal by the time it bled. CONCLUSION: Type 1 @entity439 are much commoner in @entity1 who have not yet needled their @entity292 and have a relatively innocuous course although type 1a @entity439 should be monitored for high flow and physiological consequences thereof. Type 2 @entity439 are associated with needling of AVFs. They are at significant risk of @entity397 and need to be monitored carefully or treated prophylactically.

title: A Novel Classification System for Autogenous Arteriovenous Fistula Aneurysms in Renal Access XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysmal degeneration', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal rupture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: To further understand the potential role of @entity842 synthase (NOS) in @entity161 and @entity1316 , we determined the @entity460 -dependent constitutive NOS ( @entity9554 ) enzymatic activity and protein levels in the prefrontal cortex of postmortem brains of @entity1 with unipolar, @entity162 , and @entity161 and non-psychiatric controls (n = 15 for each group). Protein levels of two NOS isoforms, nNOS and eNOS, were not significantly different from the non-psychiatric controls in any of the @entity1 groups. However, @entity9554 activity was significantly lower in @entity161 @entity1 (mean +/- S.E. = 19.1 +/- 3.2 cpm/microg/45 min) than in the control group (28.5 +/- 3.4, P < 0.05). Trends of lower @entity9554 activity were found in unipolar (20.3 +/- 2.6, P = 0.062) and @entity162 @entity1 (20.8 +/- 3.0, P = 0.079). Males had significantly higher NOS activity (25.4 +/- 2, n = 36, P = 0.01) than females (17.3 +/- 1.9, n = 24), but no significant diagnosis and gender interactions were found. To minimize potential effects of extended postmortem interval (PMI) on NOS activity and proteins, the PMI was limited to 30 h and the data (n = 38) were re-analyzed. @entity9554 activity was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in @entity1 with @entity161 (15.8 +/- 5.6, P = 0.026) and @entity308 (18.8 +/- 3.2, P = 0.042) but not in @entity1 with @entity162 (22.9 +/- 3.4, P = 0.21) than in the control group (29.5 +/- 3.7). @entity9554 activity was significantly correlated with brain pH in the total sample (r = 0.28, P < 0.05, n = 60) and in the PMI controlled subgroup (r = 0.43, P < 0.01, n = 38). Our data provide evidence of reduced @entity9554 activity in the postmortem brains of @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity308 .

title: Decreased @entity460 -dependent constitutive XXXX synthase ( @entity9554 ) activity in prefrontal cortex in @entity161 and @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar illness', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'schizophrenic disorders']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity13064 ( @entity13064 ) is a microtubule modulator that is expressed in multiple @entity5 and correlates with poor survival. We previously demonstrated in vivo safety of bifunctional (bi) shRNA @entity13064 bilamellar invaginated vesicle ( @entity3032 ) and that systemic delivery correlated with antitumor activity. @entity1 with superficial advanced @entity5 with no other standard options were entered into trial. Study design involved dose escalation (four @entity1 /cohort) using a modified Fibonacci schema starting at 0.7   mg DNA administered via single intratumoral injection. Biopsy at baseline, 24/48 hours and resection 8 days after injection provided tissue for determination of cleavage product using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), 5' RLM rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) assay. Serum pharmacokinetics of circulating plasmid was done. Twelve @entity1 were entered into three dose levels (0.7, 1.4, 7.0   mg DNA). No >=  grade 3 toxic effects to drug were observed. Maximum circulating plasmid was detected at 30 seconds with less than 10% detectable in all subjects at 24 hours. No toxic effects were observed. Predicted cleavage product was detected by both NGS (n = 7/7 @entity1 analyzed, cohorts 1, 2) and RLM RACE (n = 1/1 @entity1 analyzed cohort 3). In conclusion, bi-shRNA @entity13064 @entity3032 is well tolerated and detection of mRNA target sequence-specific cleavage product confirmed bi-shRNA @entity3032 mechanism of action.

title: Phase 1 Trial of Bi-shRNA XXXX @entity3032 in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['refractory cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity13064 :: (3925,Gene) :: ['STMN1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is one of the most common monogenic disorders in the caucasian population. Gene therapy for @entity1577 is principally feasible and @entity19983 might provide novel possibilities for therapy. However, transfection efficiencies are low and need to be improved. Thus, more detailed understanding of the DNA transfer mechanism is necessary to systematically eliminate these restrictions. METHODS: Functional transfer of GFP-CFTR ( @entity5409 fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) to eukaryotic cells using attenuated @entity5125 mediated gene transfer (bacteriofection) was shown by fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, immunoblotting and whole cell patch clamping. The characteristics of plasmid transfer were studied by use of electron and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and Southern blotting. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to screen the genome of bacteriofected cells for cotransfer of chromosomal bacterial DNA. RESULTS: Correct intracellular localization and functionality of the GFP-CFTR fusion protein after bacteriofection was shown. Efficient @entity2348 and release of bacterial content was demonstrated using antibiotics to kill intracellular bacteria. Although only low transfection rates were observed, high numbers of transferred plasmids were detected in host cells under these conditions. However, they were associated with high molecular weight entities and not available to cytosolic transcription. Cotransfer of bacterial genomic DNA was observed in transfectants but occurred at low frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: In this work we demonstrate that low rates of bacteria-mediated transfection are not due to poor invasion of bacteria, insufficient @entity2348 , or plasmid DNA degradation. Our data suggest that the transferred plasmid DNA is associated with higher macromolecular structures inhibiting nuclear transport and transgene transcription.

title: Functional transfer of eukaryotic expression plasmids to mammalian cells by XXXX : a mechanistic approach.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial lysis']

entities_list: @entity19983 :: ('MESH:D020806', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial transfer systems']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) on the antiapoptotic gene @entity22769 and the associated gene @entity522 . @entity5 stem cells were isolated from U251 @entity463 cells using immunomagnetic beads. The @entity11 cells and @entity11 stem cells were transfected with @entity22769 or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against @entity22769 using lentiviral vectors. Quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and a Cell Counting kit-8 assay were used to detect the expression of @entity22769 and @entity522 , analyze the cell cycle and investigate cell proliferation, respectively, following treatment with various concentrations of @entity2904 (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400  mol/l) for different periods of time (24, 48 and 72 h). The expression levels of @entity22769 and @entity522 in the U251 stem cells were significantly higher than those in the U251 cells (P<0.01). At the same intervention time, the expression levels of @entity22769 decreased and those of @entity522 increased as the concentration of @entity2904 increased (P<0.05). The expression levels of @entity22769 and @entity522 in the U251 cells were lower than those in the U251 stem cells with the same intervention time and concentration of @entity2904 (P<0.05). The cell cycle was arrested in the G2/M phase in the U251 cells following @entity2904 intervention; the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase increased as the concentration of @entity2904 increased (P<0.05). The U251 stem cells were arrested in the S phase following treatment with @entity2904 ; the proportion of cells in the S phase increased as the concentration of @entity2904 increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the expression levels of @entity22769 and @entity522 were effectively inhibited and increased, respectively, in all cell models following treatment with @entity2904 . @entity2904 is able to arrest the cell cycle and enhance cell apoptosis. U251 stem cells are less vulnerable than U251 cells to @entity2904 .

title: Effect of @entity2903 on XXXX and @entity522 in U251 @entity11 stem cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity22769 :: (79444,Gene) :: ['livin']


abstract: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate: (1) the role of computed tomographic scanning in predicting chest wall invasion by @entity2 and (2) the results of operation according to the depth of chest wall involvement and other potential indicators of long-term survival. One hundred twelve @entity1 with @entity1149 adjacent to the pleural surface who underwent computed tomographic scanning and subsequent thoracotomy were entered into this study. Tumor invasion was confined to the visceral pleura in 53 @entity1 , to the parietal pleura in 18 @entity1 , and to intercostal muscles in 25 @entity1 ; invasion extended beyond this layer in 16 @entity1 . The computed tomographic criteria for chest wall invasion were (1) obliteration of the extrapleural fat plane, (2) the length of the @entity5 contact, (3) the ratio between the @entity5 diameter, (4) the angle of the @entity5 with the pleura, (5) a mass involving the chest wall, and (6) rib destruction. The computed tomographic criteria 1 and 3 were significantly related to pathologic findings. Sensitivity was 85% for criterion 1 and 83% for criterion 3, specificity being 87% and 80%, respectively. Long-term survival of @entity1 with @entity66 critically depended on the lymph node state and completeness of resection. The @entity420 cell type and the T4 category were unfavorable prognostic factors. The depth of chest wall invasion did not affect survival, except for extensive rib and soft tissue infiltration. En bloc resection yielded better results than discontinuous resection.

title: Chest wall involvement by XXXX : computed tomographic detection and results of operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['T3 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor-pleura contact and the tumor', 'tumor-pleura']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity73 , including deterioration of mood and cognitive performance, are known to occur during isolation and space missions, but have been insufficiently investigated. Appropriate countermeasures are required, such as exercise, which is known to prevent @entity1316 for prolonged space and isolation missions. Based on the interaction of brain activity, mood and cognitive performance, this study aims to investigate the effect of long-term isolation and confinement and the long-term effect of exercise on these parameters. METHODS: Eight male volunteers were isolated and confined for about eight month during the winter period at the Antarctic Concordia Station. Every six weeks electroencephalographic measurements were recorded under rest conditions, and cognitive tests and a mood questionnaire were executed. Based individual training logs, subjects were afterwards separated into an active (> 2500 arbitrary training units/interval) or inactive (< 2500 arbitrary training units/interval) group. RESULTS: A long-term effect of exercise was observed for brain activity and mood. Regularly active @entity1 showed a decreased brain activity (alpha and beta) in the course of isolation, and steady mood. Inactive @entity1 instead first increased and than remained at high brain activity accompanied with a deterioration of mood. No effect of exercise and isolation was found for cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: The findings point out the positive effect of regularly performed voluntary exercise, supporting subjective mental well-being of long-term isolated @entity1 . The choice to be regularly active seems to support mental health, which is not only of interest for future isolation and space missions.

title: Exercise in isolation- a countermeasure for electrocortical, mental and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Mental impairments']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairments']


abstract: Propolis is the resinous material that @entity5157 gather from leaf buds, flowers and vegetables. Propolis extracts contain constituents with a broad spectra of pharmacological properties and are important ingredients of popular dietary supplements. Propolis extracts were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of recombinant @entity1 @entity11926 and @entity11927 . The @entity1044 extract of propolis showed potent inhibition of @entity1 @entity11926 and @entity11927 . Further fractionation identified the most active fractions as rich in @entity3088 . @entity47593 and @entity15476 were identified as the principal MAO-inhibitory constituents. Inhibition of @entity11926 by @entity47593 was about 36 times more selective than @entity11927 , while @entity15476 selectivity for @entity11926 vs. @entity11927 was about 1.7 fold. @entity15476 inhibited @entity11927 significantly more potently than @entity47593 . @entity47593 and @entity15476 were further evaluated for kinetic characteristics and the mechanism for the enzymes' inhibition. Binding of @entity47593 and @entity15476 with @entity57417 was not time-dependent and was reversible, as suggested by enzyme-inhibitor binding and dissociation-dialysis assay. The inhibition kinetics studies suggested that @entity47593 and @entity15476 inhibited @entity57417 by a competitive mechanism. Presence of prominent MAO inhibitory constituents in propolis products suggests their potential for eliciting pharmacological effects that might be useful in @entity308 or other @entity16 . The results may also have important implications in drug-dietary supplement interactions.

title: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Constituents of Propolis: Kinetics and Mechanism of Inhibition of Recombinant @entity1 @entity11926 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity47593 :: ('MESH:C037032', 'Chemical') :: ['Galangin', 'galangin']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity15476 :: ('MESH:D047310', 'Chemical') :: ['apigenin', 'Apigenin']

entities_list: @entity11926 :: ('4128', 'Gene') :: ['monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A', 'MAO-A']

answer: @entity11927 :: (4129,Gene) :: ['MAO-B']


abstract: The present study examined whether natriuretic peptide expression in the scar of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity35 was derived at least in part by residing myofibroblasts. ANP and @entity18107 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the non-infarcted left ventricle and scar of 1-week post- @entity583 male @entity35 , as compared to the left ventricle of normal @entity35 . The @entity1188 region contained myofibroblasts and contracted cardiac myocytes residing predominantly in the epicardial border zone. In primary passage scar-derived myofibroblasts, alpha-myosin heavy chain mRNA was undetectable, whereas ANP, @entity18107 , as well as adrenomedullin and @entity58151 mRNA expression persisted. In 1-3 day cultured primary passage myofibroblasts, prepro-ANP, mature ANP, and @entity18107 staining was observed in the cytoplasm/perinuclear region co-incident with unorganized @entity1918 . Following 4-7 days in culture, myofibroblasts expressed organized @entity1918 filaments. However, natriuretic peptides were predominantly detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and thin filaments occupying the perinuclear region were positive for prepro-ANP and @entity18107 . @entity3044 treatment of first passage scar myofibroblasts increased protein synthesis and induced @entity18107 mRNA expression, whereas ANP mRNA levels remained unchanged. By contrast, neither ANP nor @entity18107 mRNAs were induced following exposure to AII despite increased protein synthesis. These data highlight the novel observation that scar myofibroblasts synthesized ANP, @entity18107 , adrenomedullin, and expressed the pro-convertase @entity58151 . Constitutive and sympathetic-driven natriuretic peptide synthesis by myofibroblasts may in part influence reparative @entity82 .

title: Scar myofibroblasts of the infarcted XXXX heart express natriuretic peptides.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'post-myocardial infarcted']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity320 is a frequent cause of @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). In the present study the characteristics of primitive @entity320 of @entity1 with @entity1779 , their forms of clinical presentation and treatment were analyzed. METHODS: A retrospective study of the @entity1 with @entity320 and @entity1779 diagnosed between 1982 and 1991 was carried out. RESULTS: Out of 786 @entity1 with @entity320 48 were identified with @entity1779 . In 65% of the @entity320 originated in cutaneous areas BANS (of bad prognosis). The median thickness of the @entity5 (Breslow's index) was of 3.6 mm. The median period of latency between diagnosis of the @entity320 and the detection of @entity1779 was 22 months. Although recent @entity1779 was observed in the cranial computerized tomography in 20 of the 48 @entity1 , only 7 presented clinical symptoms of ictus. In 23 @entity1 the @entity1779 were the only evidence of metastases of the @entity320 . The median survival was one month in the @entity1 treated with only @entity619 , 3.5 months in the chemotherapy group, 2.5 months for the group given radiotherapy and 6 months for those undergoing surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the @entity1 with cerebral metastasis had a primitive @entity320 with criteria of bad prognosis. The presence of @entity548 in computerized tomography did not always correlate with clinical symptoms of ictus. Surgical treatment must be considered in @entity1 with sole cerebral metastasis without evidence of distant disease.

title: [Cerebral metastasis of XXXX : study of 48 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cerebral metastases', 'hemorrhage of the CM']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Malignant melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rates of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening are particularly low among poor and minority @entity1 . Multifaceted interventions have been shown to improve @entity5 , yet the relative impact of the specific components of these interventions has not been assessed. Identifying the specific components necessary to improve @entity5 is critical to tailor interventions in resource limited environments. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relative impact of various components of the reminder, recall, and outreach (RRO) model on @entity0 and @entity14 screening rates within a safety net practice. DESIGN: Pragmatic randomized trial. @entity1 : @entity1 and @entity1 aged 50-74  years past due for @entity14 screen and @entity1 aged 40-74  years past due for @entity0 screening. INTERVENTIONS: We randomized 1,008 @entity1 to one of four groups: (1) reminder letter; (2) letter and automated telephone message (Letter + Autodial); (3) letter, automated telephone message, and point of service prompt (Letter + Autodial + Prompt); or (4) letter and personal telephone call (Letter + Personal Call). MAIN MEASURES: Documentation of mammography or @entity14 screening at 52 weeks following randomization. KEY RESULTS: Compared to a reminder letter alone, Letter + Personal Call was more effective at improving screening rates for @entity0 (17.8  % vs. 27.5  %; AOR 2.2, 95  % CI 1.2-4.0) and @entity14 screening (12.2  % vs. 21.5  %; AOR 2.0, 95  % CI 1.1-3.9). Compared to letter alone, a Letter + Autodial + Prompt was also more effective at improving rates of @entity0 screening (17.8  % vs. 28.2  %; AOR 2.1, 95  % CI 1.1-3.7) and @entity14 screening (12.2  % vs. 19.6  %; AOR 1.9, 95  % CI 1.0-3.7). Letter + Autodial was not more effective than a letter alone at improving screening rates. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a personal telephone call or a @entity1 -specific provider prompt were both more effective at improving mammogram and @entity14 screening rates compared to a reminder letter alone. The use of automated telephone calls, however, did not provide any incremental benefit to a reminder letter alone.

title: Get screened: a randomized trial of the incremental benefits of reminders, recall, and outreach on XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-screening rates']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The appearance of @entity717 in @entity455 of the brainstem has hardly been described in the literature. Its frequency is probably underestimated due to their briefness and that they are often misinterpreted as @entity302 . Their pathophysiological mechanism is uncertain. Several mechanisms, such as the existence of a @entity410 -generating brainstem center, capable of generating @entity302 activity or the interruption of the corticospinal tracts due to @entity63 , have been proposed. CLINICAL CASES: We present three @entity1 with @entity455 and extensive @entity1188 who have the presentation of sudden, @entity2358 in limbs in the initial phase, in paroxysms of short duration and of varied semiology in common. We described this in all of them. An electroencephalographic functional study during these episodes was done in one of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation of conscious level, its variability of presentation, the null response to antiepileptic drugs and normality of the electroencephalogram in one of them leads us to ratify the hypothesis of failure of the cortical inhibitory projections as subcortical centers in trunk or spinal cord as pathophysiological origin of these @entity2358 . We stress the importance of recognizing these clinical manifestations of appearance in the initial phases of the disease, that permit a rapid diagnosis with the help of the transcranial Doppler to establish an early and aggressive treatment of this disease having known seriousness and bad prognosis. Further prospective studies would be interesting to know what the real incidence of these movements is, and functional ones to clarify the pathophysiological nature of this phenomenon.

title: [Involuntary movements in XXXX lesions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'disease of the basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem infarction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['brainstem ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity342 receptors (ARs) act as transcription factors. An increased AR activity could be due either to mutations or to an increased expression of the receptor. AR mutations involving the hormone binding domain could increase AR function and promote @entity105 , as suggested for @entity263 . AIMS: Herein, we evaluated qualitative (point mutations involving the hormone binding domain) and quantitative AR alterations and their possible correlation with cell proliferation and @entity5 grading. MATERIALS: Carcinomatous and non-cancerous surrounding liver tissue was collected from 14 Caucasian @entity1 with hepatocarcinoma. They were all affected by @entity82 with different aetiologies. METHODS: AR missense mutations, AR mRNA and protein levels, AR distribution in the liver, liver cell proliferation, and @entity5 staging were evaluated by DNA sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, @entity1364 immunostaining, and conventional histological techniques, respectively. RESULTS: AR gene regions encoding the hormone binding domain did not contain any missense mutation. AR mRNA and protein levels were increased in hepatocarcinoma compared to non-cancerous surrounding tissue. Cell proliferation was significantly increased in the @entity5 compared to non-cancerous surrounding tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations of the AR regions studied were not involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Elevated AR levels in transformed cells could have a @entity5 promoting effect by stimulating cell growth.

title: Possible involvement of XXXX receptor alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgen']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social capital has been related to a number of important public health variables such as @entity1 welfare, mortality, and health status. However, the relation of social capital to @entity166 has received relatively little attention. The relation of social capital to health measures is often posited to be related to the key societal variables of poverty and income inequality. Therefore, any exploration of the correlation between social capital and @entity166 should also include examination of the association with poverty and income inequality. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the state level association between social capital, poverty, income inequality, and four @entity166 that have important public health implications given their long term sequelae: gonorrhoea, @entity1065 , @entity1047 , and @entity791 . METHOD: A state level, correlational analysis (including bivariate linear correlational analysis, and multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis) was carried out. 1999 state level rates of gonorrhoea, @entity1065 , @entity1047 , and @entity791 were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: In bivariate analyses, poverty was significantly correlated with @entity1047 ; income inequality was significantly correlated with @entity1047 and @entity791 case rates; and social capital was significantly correlated with all outcome measures. In stepwise multiple regression analyses, social capital was always the strongest predictor variable. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that social capital is highly predictive of at least some @entity166 . The results indicate the need for further research into this relation, and suggest the potential need for structural interventions designed to increase social capital in communities.

title: Social capital, poverty, and income inequality as predictors of gonorrhoea, @entity1065 , XXXX and @entity791 case rates in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['chlamydia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Industry funders can simply provide money or collaborate in trial design, analysis  or reporting of clinical trials. Our aim was to assess the impact of industry collaboration on trial methodology and results of @entity23 ( @entity23 ). METHODS: We searched PubMed for oncology RCTs published May 2013 to December 2015 in peer-reviewed journals with impact factor  >  5 requiring reporting of funder role. Two authors extracted methodologic (primary end-point; blinding of the @entity1 , clinician  and outcomes assessor; and analysis) and outcome data. We used descriptive statistics and two-sided @entity16043 exact tests to compare characteristics of trials with collaboration, with industry funding only, and without industry funding. RESULTS: We included 224 trials. Compared to those without industry funding, trials with collaboration used more placebo control (RR 3  59, 95% CI [1  88-6  83], p  <  0001), intention-to-treat analysis ( @entity4736  32, 95% CI [1  04-1  67], p  =  02), and blinding of @entity1 (RR 3  05, 95% CI [1  71-5  44], p  <  0001), clinicians (RR 3  36, 95% CI [1  83-6  16], p<=   001)  and outcomes assessors (RR 3  03, 95% CI [1  57-5  83], p  =  0002). They did not differ in use of overall survival as a primary end-point ( @entity4736  27 95% CI [0  72-2  24]) and were similarly likely to report positive results ( @entity4736  11 95% CI [0  85-1  46], p  =  0.45). Studies with funding only did not differ from those without funding. CONCLUSIONS: Oncology RCTs with industry collaboration were more likely to use some high-quality methods than those without industry funding, with similar rates of positive results. Our findings suggest that collaboration is not associated with trial outcomes and that mandatory disclosure of funder roles may mitigate bias.

title: Impact of industry collaboration on XXXX in oncology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomised controlled trials']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['randomised controlled trials']


abstract: The @entity6 Self-Management Education Program at MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland, @entity2145 , uses widely available technology to facilitate outcomes tracking and market the @entity6 program. Baseline assessment data are entered directly into an Access database form (Microsoft, Inc, Seattle, WA). Quarterly, updated weight and lab data are downloaded into the database from the Epicare electronic medical record (Epic Systems Corp, Madison, WI). This system has enabled staff to track outcomes of program @entity1 on an ongoing basis. To date, 438 @entity1 have been entered into the program database, though complete clinical data are not available for all @entity1 . Mean (+/-standard deviation) baseline body mass index of program @entity1 was 35.8+/-9.1 (range 18.0 to 70.0, n=261). Mean (+/-standard deviation) baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for all @entity1 was 9.5%+/-2.5%, range 4.5% to 18.3% (n=332). Median baseline HbA1c was 9.1%, and the median last available postprogram HbA1c was 7.5% (P<.001, n=216; @entity1 ranged from 90 days to more than 3 years postprogram entry). Weight change was not significant. In @entity1 1-year postprogram (n=72), mean baseline HbA1c was 9.9%+/-2.9% and the mean 1-year HbA1c value was 7.4%+/-1.7%, P<.001. At 1 year, 75% of @entity1 had HbA1c < or = 8%. In response to these outcomes, an alert was implemented in the outpatient charting system triggered by an HbA1c > 8.5% and recommending referral to the @entity6 Self-Management Education Program. Since implementation of the prompt, referrals to the program have increased 40%.

title: Use of technology to track program outcomes in a XXXX self-management program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine racial variation in the poor control of GHb, a GHb value >9.5%, or GHb not tested in 1999 among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65-75 years enrolled in managed care plans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The National Committee on Quality Assurance provides @entity1 -level data regarding @entity6 care services and control for Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in managed care to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). We merged this information with information on each individual's race, as well as other @entity1 -level and plan-level characteristics obtained from CMS. Bivarate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: The overall rate of poor GHb control was 32.7%. The age- and sex-adjusted rate of poor control among @entity62 was 32.0%. This rate was significantly higher than the rate among Asians (24.7%) but significantly lower than the rate among blacks (40.6%) and Hispanics (36.5%) (P < 0.001). An increase in the number of comprehensive @entity6 care measures received by an individual was associated with a significantly lower percentage of individuals with poor GHb control in all race groups. After controlling for the individual-level, plan-level, and @entity6 care measure variables, the difference in GHb control between Asians and @entity62 disappeared. However, blacks and Hispanics continued to have significantly higher rates of poor control than @entity62 . CONCLUSIONS: There is room for significant reduction in the number of @entity1 with poor control of GHb among all races, particularly among blacks and Hispanics.

title: Racial variation in the control of XXXX among elderly medicare managed care beneficiaries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Diploid @entity1 fibroblast strains were treated for 10 min with inhibitors of type I and type II DNA topoisomerases, and after removal of the inhibitors, the rate of initiation of DNA synthesis at replicon origins was determined. By alkaline elution chromatography, @entity5256 ( @entity5257 ), an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II, was shown to produce DNA strand breaks. These strand breaks are thought to reflect drug-induced stabilization of topoisomerase-DNA cleavable complexes. Removal of the drug led to a rapid resealing of the strand breaks by dissociation of the complexes. Velocity sedimentation analysis was used to quantify the effects of @entity5257 treatment on DNA replication. It was demonstrated that transient exposure to low concentrations of @entity5257 inhibited replicon initiation but did not substantially affect DNA chainelongation within operating replicons. Maximal inhibition of replicon initiation occurred 20 to 30 min after drug treatment, and the initiation rate recovered 30 to 90 min later. @entity1129 cells displayed normal levels of @entity5257 -induced DNA strand breaks during stabilization of cleavable complexes but failed to downregulate replicon initiation after exposure to the topoisomerase inhibitor. Thus, inhibition of replicon initiation in response to DNA damage appears to be an active process which requires a gene product which is defective or missing in @entity1129 cells. In normal @entity1 fibroblasts, the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I by @entity9800 produced reversible DNA strand breaks. Transient exposure to this drug also inhibited replicon initiation. These results suggest that the cellular response pathway which downregulates replicon initiation following genotoxic damage may respond to perturbations of chromatin structure which accompany stabilization of topoisomerase-DNA cleavable complexes.

title: Inhibition of replicon initiation in XXXX cells following stabilization of topoisomerase-DNA cleavable complexes.

entities_list: @entity5257 :: ('MESH:D000677', 'Chemical') :: ['amsacrine']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['Ataxia telangiectasia', 'ataxia telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity5256 :: ('CHEBI:2687', 'Chemical') :: ["4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: DATA SOURCES: Medline and Embase were searched to 2002 using the search terms " @entity3384 ", " @entity2419 ", "smoking", " @entity286 ", "cigarette", "mother" and "maternal". Reference lists from retrieved articles and a monograph on neural tube defects were also examined for more studies. STUDY SELECTION: Case-control and cohort studies that reported data on smoking by @entity1 during pregnancy were included. The outcomes were @entity13797 ( @entity13797 ) in @entity1 , specifically @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) and @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ). Isolated or multiple defects were included, but syndromic cases were excluded wherever possible. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Meta-analyses were carried out for @entity2419 , @entity2419 . The analyses of @entity2419 and @entity2419 were repeated following stratification by the presence or absence of @entity600 in addition to the cleft, after the exclusion of studies that used malformed controls. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q test and a random effect model was used if the P value was less than 0.1. Tests for publication bias and presence of a linear dose-response effect were also carried out when suitable data were available. RESULTS: The search identified 32 articles, of which 24 met the inclusion criteria (15 case-control and nine cohort studies). Statistically significant associations were found between maternal smoking and @entity2419 (relative risk, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-1.44), and between maternal smoking and @entity2419 (relative risk, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.35). There was evidence of a modest dose-response effect for @entity2419 , but the evidence was not clear for @entity2419 . No strong evidence of publication bias could be found. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a consistent, moderate association between maternal @entity286 smoking during pregnancy and nonsyndromic @entity13797 in @entity1 . The effect was observed for both isolated and multiple clefts, and was stronger and more consistent for @entity2419 than for @entity2419 .

title: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of non-syndromic XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity13797 :: ('MESH:C566121', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial clefts', 'OFC']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'CP and total clefts', 'cleft palate only', 'CL+/-P', 'CP']

answer: @entity13797 :: (MESH:C566121,Disease) :: ['orofacial clefts']


abstract: @entity5695 seroepidemiology and associated factors in older adults aged >= 40 years with and without @entity583 ( @entity583 ) were studied to investigate whether unrecognised pertussis may precipitate @entity583 . Sera were obtained from a previous case-control study investigating the role of @entity683 in precipitating AMIs. Baseline sera were considered pertussis toxin (PT) IgG seropositive at levels >= 5 IU/mL. Levels >= 62.5 IU/mL were considered indicative of @entity281 in the previous year, and @entity281 was indicative at levels >= 125 IU/mL. Of the serum samples tested, 55% (122/222) were seropositive for PT IgG, 5% (11/222) had evidence of @entity281 in the past year and 1.4% (3/222) had evidence of @entity281 . Evidence of @entity281 in the past year was found in 3.2% of those aged 65-74 years. Overall, 47.8% of 40-64 year olds and 43.2% of those aged >= 65 years were seronegative for pertussis. Serological evidence of pertussis was not associated with @entity583 (46/92, 50.0% cases vs. 76/130, 58.5% controls, p=0.2). After adjusting for age, @entity583 and self-reported pertussis and GP verified @entity683 vaccination, females (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1-4.1, p=0.02) were more likely to be seronegative. Just under half of @entity1 had no detectable pertussis immunity and are therefore susceptible to @entity281 . Our study supports the need for an adult pertussis booster to supplement current recommendations.

title: The Burden of @entity5695 in XXXX with and without Recurrent Ischaemic Vascular Events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['Pertussis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'recent infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']