abstract: AIM: Generation of recombinant @entity1 adenovirus type 5 expressing @entity4021 virus (FMDV) capsid protein genes along with full-length 2B, 3B and 3C(pro) and its characterization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FMD viral RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and polymerase chain reaction were performed to synthesize expression cassettes (P1-2AB3BC(wt) and P1-2AB3BC(m)) followed by cloning in pShuttle- @entity2834 vector. Chemically competent BJ5183-AD-1 cells were transformed with the recombinant pShuttle- @entity2834 to produce recombinant adenoviral plasmids. HEK-293 cells were transfected with the recombinant adenoviral plasmids to generate recombinant adenoviruses ( @entity11650 /P1-2AB3BC(wt) and @entity11650 /P1-2AB3BC(m)). Expression of the target proteins was analyzed by sandwich ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The recombinant adenoviruses were purified and concentrated by @entity6928 density gradient ultracentrifugation. Growth kinetics and thermostability of the recombinant adenoviruses were compared with that of non-recombinant replication-defective @entity17472 (dAd5). RESULTS: The recombinant adenoviruses containing capsid protein genes of the @entity23011 /IND/R2/75 were generated and amplified in HEK-293 cells. The titer of the recombinant adenoviruses was approximately 10(8), 10(9.5) and 10(11) TCID50/ml in supernatant media, cell lysate and @entity6928 purified preparation, respectively. Expression of the FMDV capsid protein was detectable in sandwich ELISA and confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. Growth kinetics of the recombinant adenoviruses did not reveal a significant difference when compared with that of dAd5. A decrement of up to 10-fold at 4  C and 21-fold at 37  C was recorded in the virus titers during 60 h incubation period and found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Recombinant adenoviruses expressing capsid proteins of the @entity23011 /IND/R2/75 were constructed and produced in high titers. In vitro expression of the target proteins in the @entity17472 vector system was detected by sandwich ELISA and immunofluorescence assay.

title: Construction and characterization of recombinant XXXX adenovirus type 5 expressing @entity4021 virus capsid proteins of Indian vaccine strain, O/IND/R2/75.

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) in the surgical @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Affected @entity1 are at higher risk for @entity281 with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, often necessitating therapeutic regimens of two parenteral antibiotics. Aerosolized antibiotics achieve high alveolar concentrations and have been reported anecdotally to have value in the treatment of @entity2489 . This study examined the role of aerosolized @entity581 in the treatment of @entity2489 in surgical @entity1213 @entity1 . METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 22 @entity1 who received aerosolized @entity581 in conjunction with parenteral antibiotics for @entity2489 in the surgical @entity1213 . Sixteen @entity1 received inhaled @entity2890 , and six received inhaled @entity4509 . Demographic information and data on the length of stay (LOS), mortality rate, days of antibiotic therapy, days of mechanical ventilation, and recurrence of @entity2489 were collected. Results of bronchoscopic and sputum cultures were reviewed to identify bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities. RESULTS: The average duration of mechanical ventilation was 31 +/- 12 days, the mean @entity1213 LOS was 41 +/- 13 days, and the mean hospital LOS was 71 +/- 25 days. There were three deaths. The average duration of mechanical ventilation after initiation of aerosolized antibiotics was 4.3 days. Seven @entity1 (40%) developed recurrent @entity55 with the same pathogen, but only one had a change in antibiotic susceptibility pattern. There were no @entity8 of @entity4028 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2489 in @entity3124 @entity1 is associated with substantial morbidity, longer @entity1213 stays, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Along with systemic therapy, aerosolized @entity581 are valuable adjuncts in select @entity1 with minimal risk of antibiotic resistance.

title: Use of aerosolized @entity581 in the treatment of Gram-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal or pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse signs and symptoms present in @entity1 with @entity189 and to assess their prognostic value. A retrospective study of data from 131 @entity1 who were treated surgically was performed. Evaluation of prognostic factors was possible in 109 @entity1 who completed a minimum 5 year follow up. The most common sign and symptoms were parotid mass (96.9%), @entity158 (40.4%), @entity1600 (32.0%), @entity2103 (20.6%) and overlying @entity272 (19.8%). In 20% of all cases there were no symptoms of @entity5 . The average duration of symptoms suggesting @entity5 was 4 months. In univariate analysis, the strongest prognostic value was found for @entity2103 ; it reduced nearly tenfold (9.7) the 5-year disease-free survival. The subsequent poor prognostic factors were: @entity272 , @entity1600 , @entity5 fixation and @entity5 size (>4 cm). @entity158 and the dynamics of @entity5 growth were not statistically significant for survival rate. Significant difference in 5-year disease free survival rate was found between the groups of @entity1 , according to the number of symptoms suggesting @entity5 . The multivariate analysis showed that only @entity2103 and @entity272 were independent prognostic factors.

title: Signs and symptoms of XXXX and their prognostic value.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour malignancy', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['enlarged cervical lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['parotid gland carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infiltration']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['parotid gland carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of antirheumatic drugs on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ), and @entity1569 using a systematic review. METHODS: Electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials. Studies were grouped based on disease, treatment, and site of @entity79 measurement. Change in @entity79 (  @entity79 ) from baseline to end of study was recorded. Standardized mean difference (SMD) of   @entity79 between treatment and controls was standardized for meta-analyses and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: Treatment effects on @entity79 were not the primary outcomes of the trials. Thirteen studies were eligible (11 @entity309 , 2 @entity1691 , 0 @entity5144 , and 0 @entity1569 ). For @entity309 , significantly less hand @entity604 was seen with @entity5 necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; SMD   @entity79 0.33 [95% CI 0.13, 0.53], P   =   0.001, I(2)    =   0%) and glucocorticoids (SMD   @entity79 0.51 [95% CI 0.20, 0.81], P   =   0.001, I(2)    =   0%). TNFi had no significant effect on lumbar spine and hip @entity79 . Glucocorticoids were associated with a negative effect on lumbar spine (SMD   @entity79 -0.30 [95% CI -0.55, -0.04], P   =   0.02, I(2)    =   52%), but not hip @entity79 . For @entity1691 , a significant increase in @entity79 was seen with TNFi at the lumbar spine (SMD   @entity79 0.96 [95% CI 0.64, 1.27], P   <   0.001, I(2)    =   16%) and hip (SMD   @entity79 0.38 [95% CI 0.13, 0.62], P   =   0.003, I(2)    =   0%). Data were insufficient to perform meta-analyses in @entity5144 and @entity1569 or for other antirheumatic drugs. CONCLUSION: In @entity309 , TNFi and glucocorticoids appeared to attenuate hand @entity604 . TNFi did not impact lumbar spine and hip @entity79 and glucocorticoids had negative effects on lumbar spine and no effect on hip @entity79 . In @entity1691 , TNFi was associated with improved lumbar spine and hip @entity79 .

title: Meta-Analysis of @entity5 Necrosis Factor Inhibitors and Glucocorticoids on Bone Density in XXXX and @entity1691 Trials.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: @entity112 and its release can be studied by multicolor flow cytometry on a single cell level by an enzyme affinity method (HistaFlow  ). However, for the time-being, the clinical and scientific application of the HistaFlow   technique remains limited. This study aims at verifying the reliability of the HistaFlow   as an instrument to quantify IgE-mediated basophil responses to drugs, i.e., @entity2898 , which are believed to be less potent basophil activators than large proteinaceous allergens. Ten @entity1 and three exposed control individuals were included in this study. Each subject underwent in vitro basophil activation tests (HistaFlow  ) with 0.16 and 1.6 mmol/L @entity2898 . @entity1 showed an activation of basophils ranging from 11 to 86% of @entity5775 positive basophils and a median @entity112 release per cell from 68 to 100% after stimulation with an optimal concentration of 1.6 mmol/L @entity2898 . For the control individuals no activation was demonstrable. This study confirms that the HistaFlow   technique is a reliable tool to study @entity112 release by individual cells in response to drugs. Although the HistaFlow   technique will probably not add to the diagnostic management of @entity2898 allergy, our findings suggest that the technique could constitute an important asset for future studies on the pathomechanism(s) of immediate @entity56 .    2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.

title: Flow cytometric analysis of drug-Induced basophil XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['drug hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in @entity1 with presumed @entity16391 ( @entity16391 ). OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of @entity154 in @entity1 with presumed @entity16391 at a single, large volume institution and further define the role for a screening MRI. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity2112 in @entity1 less than 10 years of age has been shown to carry a higher prevalence of @entity154 , up to 20%, in juveniles, when compared to the adolescent age group. Few studies exist assessing the prevalence of @entity154 in the @entity16391 @entity1 population. Dobbs et al (2002) reported a 21.7% prevalence of @entity1274 in 46 @entity1 with presumed @entity16391 across 3 combined @entity85 clinics and recommended a screening MRI for all @entity16391 @entity1 with a curve >20 degrees. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of 54 @entity1 at a single institution with a presumed diagnosis of @entity16391 was performed. All @entity1 satisfied the strict inclusion criteria of: curve > or =20 degrees, age <36 months at diagnosis, normal neurologic examination (i.e., normal tone, motor strength, reflexes, etc.), @entity2048 or @entity154 , and an MRI of the spine from skull to coccyx. RESULTS: MRI revealed a @entity1274 in 7 (13%) of 54 @entity1 who underwent an MRI. In this subset of 7 @entity1 , 5 (71.4%) required neurosurgical intervention. Tethered cord requiring surgical release was identified in 3 @entity1 , @entity1645 requiring surgical decompression was found in 2 @entity1 , and a small nonoperative syrinx was found in 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study represents the largest evaluation of @entity154 in @entity16391 to date. Our @entity1 population exhibited a smaller percentage (13%) of @entity1274 than previously reported. On the basis of these findings, the close observation may be a reasonable alternative to an immediate screening MRI in @entity1 presenting with presumed @entity16391 and a curve >20 degrees.

title: @entity154 in XXXX : prevalence and role of magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['concordant intraspinal anomalies', 'intraspinal anomalies', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity16391 :: ('MESH:C580539', 'Disease') :: ['IIS', 'infantile idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural axis abnormalities', 'neural axis abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence of any concomitant syndromes']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity16391 :: (MESH:C580539,Disease) :: ['infantile idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Objective To identify factors associated with health-care utilization during the first year after inpatient rehabilitation (IR) in individuals with traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). Design Prospective cohort. Methods One hundred and sixty-eight @entity1 were prospectively enrolled and followed over 1 year after discharge from an @entity1566 Model System IR program. Telephone follow-up occurred at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. @entity1 were grouped into four impairment levels (C1-4 American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) A-C, C5-C8 @entity2195 , @entity451 @entity2195 , and all AIS D). Three domains of health-care utilization were examined: hospital care, outpatient provider visits, and home services. Results Health-care utilization in the first year following IR was high with 45% of subjects reporting re-hospitalization. Twenty percent of @entity1 were initially discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF), and an additional 10% required SNF care during this first year. Overall, those with C1-4 @entity2195 used the most services. @entity1 discharged home used less health care compared to those discharged elsewhere. @entity1566 due to falls (vs. vehicular crashes) was associated with fewer in-home service visits. Age, sex, race, and education were unrelated to higher use. Conclusion Those with greater @entity16 or not discharged home after IR had higher health-care utilization, while age was not associated with utilization. Targeted efforts to reduce @entity1576 may reduce the need for hospital care in the first year after IR.

title: Examining health-care utilization in the first year following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary and respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Persistent complaints are very common after a lateral @entity3681 . AIM: To investigate possible associations between @entity2526 on radiography and MRI, and persistent complaints after a lateral @entity3681 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational case control study on primary care @entity1 in general practice. METHOD: @entity1 were selected who had visited their GP with an @entity3681 6-12 months before the study; all received a standardised questionnaire, underwent a physical examination, and radiography and MRI of the ankle. @entity1 with and without persistent complaints were compared regarding @entity2526 found on radiography and MRI; analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. RESULTS: Of the 206 included @entity1 , 98 had persistent complaints and 108 did not. No significant differences were found in @entity2526 between @entity1 with and without persistent complaints. In both groups, however, @entity2526 were found on radiography in the talocrural joint (47.2% @entity5040 and 45.1% @entity571 ) and the @entity2720 (36.5% @entity1463 ). On MRI, a high prevalence was found of bone @entity4 (33.8%) and @entity5040 (39.5) in the @entity5040 (54.4%), @entity1463 (47.2%), and @entity571 (55.4%, Kellgren and Lawrence grade >1) in the @entity2720 , as well as ligament damage (16.4%) in the anterior talofibular ligament. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity2526 is high on radiography and MRI in @entity1 presenting in general practice with a previous @entity3681 . There is no difference in @entity2526 , however, between @entity1 with and without persistent complaints. Using imaging only will not lead to diagnosis of the explicit reason for the persistent complaint.

title: @entity2526 after an XXXX are not associated: an observational case control study in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprain']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['talocrural joint; osteophytes', 'osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['many structural abnormalities', 'structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['talonavicular joint']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle sprain']


abstract: A total of 132 @entity1 with stage A1 @entity263 was followed for 5 to 23 years (mean 8.2 years). Of these @entity1 52 underwent a second staging transurethral resection of the prostate between 1977 and 1986. @entity74 developed in 3 of the 12 @entity1 (25%) in whom residual foci of well differentiated @entity5 were detected by the second transurethral resection and who did not undergo further treatment. Of the 38 @entity1 in whom the second transurethral resection did not detect @entity5 3 (8%) also had progressive disease. From April 1989 to December 1989, 44 @entity1 were re-evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography and ultrasonographically guided biopsies. Of these @entity1 3 had locally progressive disease. @entity74 also developed in 4 more @entity1 . Thus, 13 of the 132 @entity1 (10%) had either locally or systemically progressive disease after long-term followup. The interval from diagnosis of stage A1 disease to detection of progression ranged from 6 months to 20 years (mean 7 years). Ten @entity1 underwent definitive treatment for what was believed to be locally progressive disease, 2 underwent palliative therapy and 1 had no therapy due to poor physical condition. Of the 10 @entity1 who underwent definitive therapy 6 are alive without evidence of disease, 2 died of unrelated causes without evidence of disease and 2 are alive with stage D1 disease. These data suggest that @entity1 in whom a second staging transurethral resection of the prostate detects @entity5 have a high probability of progressive disease. Also, negative findings from a second staging transurethral resection may not exclude the possibility of disease progression. Expectant management of stage A1 disease is warranted but regular and long-term followup is mandatory.

title: Long-term followup results after expectant management of stage A1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The hemostatic properties of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) are often used in neurosurgical practice. CASE REPORT: We present the case of an 81-year-old @entity1 who underwent lumbar spinal surgery (microsurgical decompression) in an external hospital. @entity274 was used during the procedure. The @entity1 was transferred to our hospital. She remained unconscious postoperatively, with progressive @entity393 . Computed tomography showed intra- and extradurally trapped air ascending from the operated lumbar segment up to frontal lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated severe brainstem lesions on T2- and diffusion-weighted series. The @entity1 died 10 days after surgery. Autopsy was not performed. CONCLUSIONS: Our case demonstrates a fatal complication with @entity2806 and @entity5745 after the use of @entity273 . Therefore, @entity274 should only be used in cases without any signs of @entity130 .

title: @entity2806 and @entity5745 after application of XXXX ( @entity274 ) during lumbar spinal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brainstem lesions']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of brainstem reflexes']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['dural injury']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The best treatment for @entity1 with "hormone-refractory" @entity263 is unclear, particularly in @entity1 for whom @entity5747 and @entity701 have failed. PURPOSE: We investigated a combination of @entity12194 withdrawal and @entity6239 in @entity5747 - and @entity701 -pretreated @entity1 with "hormone-refractory" @entity263 . METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity263 were treated with simultaneous @entity12194 withdrawal and @entity6239 (250 mg given orally four times daily). All @entity1 were taking @entity12194 at the time of entry, and previous treatments with medical or surgical castration, @entity12194 , @entity5747 , and @entity701 had failed in all of these @entity1 . Because of @entity5747 -induced @entity1887 , all @entity1 had previously received, and continued to receive, physiological doses of @entity701 . Treatment of all non-surgically castrated @entity1 had previously failed; however, these @entity1 continued to receive depot leuprolide. RESULTS: In 14 (48%) of 29 @entity1 , the @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) decreased by more than 80% for 4 or more weeks. Improvements in @entity417 , @entity882 , soft-tissue masses, bone scans, and symptoms were also noted. Factors associated with response included prolonged @entity12194 pretreatment, a markedly elevated pretreatment @entity1486 , and the absence of soft-tissue disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12194 withdrawal, when combined with the simultaneous administration of @entity6239 , is a therapeutically active approach in @entity1 with "hormone-refractory" @entity263 . IMPLICATIONS: On the basis of these and additional data, we hypothesize that prolonged exposure to @entity12194 results in the selective proliferation of @entity5 cells containing a mutant @entity342 receptor that aberrantly recognizes @entity12194 metabolites and nonandrogenic @entity230 as androgenic stimuli.

title: Surprising activity of @entity12194 withdrawal, when combined with @entity6239 , in treatment of "hormone-refractory" XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['Flutamide', 'flutamide']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Combined radiochemotherapy (RCT) for @entity356 with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) results in ablative doses to the upper left kidney, while image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) allows kidney sparing despite improved target coverage. Renal function in long-term @entity356 survivors was evaluated with 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and @entity33469 imaging. @entity1 AND METHODS: Five healthy volunteers and 13 @entity1 after radiotherapy were included: 11*IG-IMRT; 1*3D-CRT; 1* "positive control" with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of a metastasis between the spleen/left kidney. Radiation doses were documented for the upper/middle/lower kidney subvolumes. Late @entity137 was evaluated based on CTC criteria, questionnaire, and @entity1011 values. Morphological sequences, DWI images, and @entity33469 images were acquired using a (1)H/ @entity33469 -tuned body-coil before/after intravenous water load (WL). Statistics for [ @entity33469 ] (concentration) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated for upper/middle/lower renal subvolumes. Corticomedullary [ @entity33469 ] gradients and @entity33469 differences after WL were determined. RESULTS: No major morphological alteration was detected in any @entity1 . Minor scars were observed in the cranial subvolume of the left kidney of the 3D-CRT and the whole kidney of the control SBRT @entity1 . All @entity1 presented a corticomedullary [ @entity33469 ] gradient. After WL, a significant physiological [ @entity33469 ] gradient decrease (p   <   0.001) was observed in all HV and IG-IMRT @entity1 . In the cranial left kidney of the 3D-CRT @entity1 and the positive control SBRT @entity1 , the decrease was nonsignificant (p   =   0.01, p   =   0.02). ADC values were altered nonsignificantly in all renal subvolumes (all @entity1 ). Renal subvolumes with doses >=    35  Gy showed a reduced change of the [ @entity33469 ] gradient after WL (p   =   0.043). No @entity1 showed clinical @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Functional parameters of renal (23)Na MRI after gastric IG-IMRT are identical to those of healthy volunteers, in contrast to renal subvolumes after ablative doses in the control and 3D-CRT @entity1 . While kidney doses to the cortex below 20-25  Gy in fractional doses of ~   1  Gy in IG-IMRT (combined with intensified chemotherapy) do not seem to cause significant MRI morphological or functional alterations, doses of >   35  Gy in 1.5-2 Gy fractions clearly result in impairment.

title: Dose-dependent changes in renal (1)H-/ XXXX MRI after adjuvant radiochemotherapy for @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity33469 :: (CHEBI:52634,Chemical) :: ['(23)Na']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity884 in bacteremic @entity1 with prosthetic heart valves and the risk factors for and the effect of duration of antibiotic therapy on development of @entity884 in such @entity1 . DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective observational study. SETTING: Six university teaching hospitals with high-volume cardiothoracic surgery. @entity1 : One hundred seventy-one consecutive @entity1 with prosthetic heart valves who developed @entity2259 during hospitalization. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 were evaluated when they were identified as having @entity2259 and 1, 2, 6, and 12 months after its occurrence. Of 171 @entity1 , 74 (43%) developed @entity884 : Fifty-six (33%) had @entity340 at the time @entity2259 was discovered (" @entity884 at outset"), whereas 18 (11%) developed @entity884 a mean of 45 days after @entity2259 was discovered ("new @entity884 "). @entity1793 ( @entity794 or @entity5938 ) were significantly associated with the development of "new" @entity884 . All 18 cases of new @entity884 were nosocomial, and in 6 of these cases (33%) @entity2259 was acquired via intravascular devices. Twenty-one @entity1 without evidence of @entity884 at the time of @entity2259 received short-term antibiotic therapy (< 14 days); 1 @entity1 (5%) developed @entity884 . Eleven of 70 @entity1 (16%) who received long-term antibiotic therapy (> 14 days) developed @entity884 (P > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: Bacteremic @entity1 with prosthetic heart valves were at notable risk for developing @entity884 , even when they received antibiotic therapy before @entity884 developed and regardless of the duration of such therapy. Intravascular devices were a common portal of entry.

title: @entity340 resulting from XXXX . A prospective, multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral valve location and staphylococcal bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['nosocomial bacteremia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the proportion of @entity1 disease free in the neck, with the primary site controlled, who have been treated with a selective neck dissection (SND) for @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the upper aerodigestive tract, and who had cervical metastasis less than 3 cm. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of @entity1 who fit the inclusion/exclusion criteria was identified retrospectively. Then all surviving @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 2 years. METHODS: A group of 52 @entity1 who had 58 selective neck dissections for cervical metastases from @entity957 of the upper aerodigestive tract were identified. The mean age was 56 years (range, 20-85 y), there were 40 males and 12 females, and mean follow-up was 24.5 months (range, 1-64 mo). Twenty-six @entity1 had clinically negative ( @entity62043 ) neck examinations and 26 had clinically positive neck examinations. Postoperative radiation was given for extracapsular spread, greater than 2 positive nodes, T3, T4, or recurrent disease if the @entity1 had not received radiation before surgery. These radiation criteria excluded 18 @entity1 from postoperative radiation treatment. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the regional control rate with the primary site controlled was 0.94. Six @entity1 developed recurrent @entity135 . Three of these 6 patientswere surgically salvaged. Four recurrences were in the dissected field and 2 were out of the dissected field (level V). CONCLUSIONS: With similar indications for radiation therapy, the regional control rate in this cohort is comparable to control rates obtained with modified radical neck dissection.

title: Selective neck dissection for the treatment of neck metastasis from XXXX of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck disease']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCCa']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: We are reporting a localised skin @entity5425 . As far as we can tell this is only the fourth time this condition has been published. The @entity5 appeared 6 years after a conservative lumpectomy with removal of lymphatics and follow-up radiotherapy had been carried out for an @entity0 . This @entity5 was characterised by the presence of several round blue-coloured nodules in the skin with some @entity32 surrounding them. The glandular tissue underneath was normal, as was the opposite breast, and there was no spread. The @entity1 was pyrexial and a syndrome of @entity32 persisted until the @entity5 had been removed by a simple mastectomy. We have discussed the clinical and histological aspects of this case and compared them with those found in the literature. Differential diagnosis with in particular @entity12652 has been emphasized. The treatment consists in wide excision and sometimes followed by radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The prognosis is very poor, survival never having been more than 22 months. Finally the role of irradiation in the causation of this @entity5 has been discussed. (Our @entity1 is alive after 2 years without any sign of a recurrence).

title: [Cutaneous XXXX following surgery and irradiation of @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity5425 :: ('MESH:C536368', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['Stewart-Treves syndrome']

answer: @entity5425 :: (MESH:C536368,Disease) :: ['angiosarcoma of the breast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a clinically selected sample of @entity28 outpatients. DESIGN: A single-strand before and after study with 2-y follow-up after treatment comprising 10 weeks on @entity258 ( @entity258 ) and 4 months of behaviour modification in groups. SUBJECTS: A total of 126 (mean (s.d.) age 48.2 (11.1) y and body mass index 42.8 (6.2) kg/m(2) @entity28 @entity1 (63% @entity1 ) referred for treatment in an @entity28 clinic. MEASUREMENTS: Weight and HRQL using questionnaires (RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 and Obesity-related Psychosocial problems scale (OP-scale)). RESULTS: A total of 100 @entity1 (61% @entity1 ) completed the treatment and 67 (71% @entity1 ) completed the 2-y follow-up. The mean (s.d.) @entity353 was 12.5 (5.6)% at the end of group therapy, 6.0 (7.1)% at 1 y, and 2.6 (7.5)% at 2 y. At baseline, the mean (s.d.) score for the OP-scale was 61.9 (24.6). The mean scores on every RAND-36 scale were markedly lower than in the Finns without chronic conditions. All the scales in HRQL improved markedly during the treatment. During the follow-up, all the scales started to return towards baseline levels, and at 2 y only @entity28 -related @entity2673 and physical functioning were still improved relative to baseline. In categories of weight change at 2 y (>or=10% @entity353 , 0-9.9% @entity353 , @entity1017 ), @entity28 -related psychosocial functioning, physical functioning, and general health showed dose-response improvement with increasing @entity353 . A >or=10% @entity353 at 2 y after treatment was associated with clear improvement in @entity28 -related @entity2673 , physical functioning, physical role functioning, bodily @entity158 , general health, mental health, and vitality. A 0-9.9% @entity353 was associated with improvement in @entity28 -related @entity2673 and physical functioning. Weight gain was associated with improvement in @entity28 -related @entity2673 and social functioning. The study population was too small to examine possible gender differences. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity258 and behaviour modification produces marked short-term @entity353 and clear improvement in all aspects of HRQL. At 2 y after treatment, the average maintained @entity353 is modest. However, 1/3 of @entity1 maintained a >or=5% @entity353 . Improvement in @entity28 -related @entity2673 and physical functioning is associated even with less than 10% of maintained @entity353 . Since the pattern of HRQL changes only partly followed the pattern of weight change as expected, other factors, such as the therapeutic effect of participating in the @entity353 programme or increase in physical activity, may affect HRQL responses.

title: Health-related quality of life in XXXX outpatients losing weight with @entity258 and behaviour modification--a 2-y follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial problems']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['VLED', 'very-low-energy diet']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The influence of two @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) ligands, a @entity12585 , @entity6170 (RG) and the @entity1672 metabolite @entity13149 ( @entity13150 ) on the proliferation of @entity1 cultured airway smooth muscle (HASM) was examined. The increases in HASM cell number in response to @entity540 ( @entity540 , 300 pm) or thrombin (0.3 U ml-1) were significantly inhibited by either RG (1-10 microM) or @entity13150 (1-10 microM). The effects of RG, but not @entity13150 , were reversed by the selective @entity6864 antagonist @entity4301 (1 microM). Neither RG nor @entity13150 (10 microM) decreased cell viability, or induced apoptosis, suggesting that the regulation of cell number was due to inhibition of proliferation, rather than increased cell death. Flow-cytometric analysis of HASM cell cycle distribution 24 h after @entity540 addition showed that RG prevented the progression of cells from G1 to S phase. In contrast, @entity13150 caused an increase in the proportion of cells in S phase, and a decrease in G2/M, compared to @entity540 alone. Neither RG nor @entity13150 inhibited ERK phosphorylation measured 6 h post mitogen addition. The @entity540 -mediated increase in @entity4910 protein levels after 8 h was reduced in the presence of @entity13150 , but not RG. Although both RG and @entity13150 can inhibit proliferation of HASM irrespective of the mitogen used, only the antiproliferative effects of RG appear to be @entity6864 -dependent. The different antimitogenic mechanisms of @entity13150 and synthetic ligands for @entity6864 may be exploited to optimise the potential for these compounds to inhibit airway remodelling in @entity565 . British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 141, 517-525. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705630

title: @entity6864 ligands, @entity13149 and XXXX regulate @entity1 cultured airway smooth muscle proliferation through different mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1672 :: ('MESH:D015230', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin D2']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity13149 :: ('MESH:C097240', 'Chemical') :: ['15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma', 'PPARgamma']

answer: @entity6170 :: (MESH:C089730,Chemical) :: ['rosiglitazone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2092 Background: The use of radiotherapy plus @entity2904 administered concomitantly with and after radiotherapy (Stupp platform; SP) for @entity11 was shown to improve median and 5-year survival. To compare these results with routine clinical practice a bidirectional registry was established by RedLANO. METHODS: A total of 171 @entity11 @entity1 treated with SP were included. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and overall survival (OS) were estimated. RESULTS: The median age was 56-yo (17-84 years) and 97 @entity1 were male (56%). 82% had GB of which 62% were @entity5 ; 55% of cases were treated with debulking surgery and 23% had undergone biopsy. 77% of @entity1 completed the SP, with a median radiation dose of 58.2 Gy ( @entity60027 ) and a mean number of @entity2904 cycles of 5 (SD + / -3). Pseudoprogression was documented in 20%, the median OS was 15.8-mo (IC95% 11.9-19.7 mo) and the @entity1054 was 9.5-mo (IC95% 8.3-12.7 mo). The 1-y and 2-y survival rates were 69% and 31% respectively. In the retrospective analysis, the @entity1 with a post-operative KPS over 70% showed more prolonged survival (p=0.05), as well as those with better RPA classification (p=0.04) and without multicentricity (p=0.049). Seventy-one @entity1 (41%) were treated with second line therapy ( @entity1493 combos 32; metronomic or dose dense @entity2904 24; @entity3600 14; other 2) after the @entity5 had recurred. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the largest study of radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant @entity2904 for @entity11 in Latin American @entity1 . The median and 2-y survival outcomes in this study are comparable to previous reports.

title: Clinical outcome of concomitant chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant temozolomide ( XXXX ) therapy for @entity11 ( @entity11 ) in Colombia (RedLANO registry).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'Time to progression']

answer: @entity2904 :: (CHEBI:72564,Chemical) :: ['TMZ']


abstract: @entity3620 is a rare and aggressive @entity5 that is usually caused by exposure to @entity1355 . Between 2,000 and 3,000 new cases are expected to be diagnosed annually in the United States. Difficulties in diagnosis, staging, and treatment set this disease apartfrom other @entity5 . The variable clinical presentation and problems in establishing a definite histopathologic diagnosis result in significant delays in treatment. Three histologic subtypes of the disease are described in this review: epithelial, sarcomatous, and mixed histologies. The Butchart, International @entity2615 Interest Group, and Brigham staging systems are the most commonly used staging systems. The disease's natural history involves aggressive local growth, invasion of vital mediastinal structures, and @entity204 within 4 to 12 months without treatment. Single-modality therapy of any kind has failed to substantially alter this natural history. Aggressive, multimodality regimens that include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have resulted in improved survival in properly selected @entity1 . However, innovative therapies are still needed to prolong survival in @entity1 with early and @entity1442 .

title: XXXX of the pleural space and its management.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of the pleura', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['Mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['Diffuse malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving measure for @entity1 with @entity1576 . However, prolonged mechanical ventilation results in @entity425 , which contributes to problems in weaning from the ventilator. Therefore, identifying the signaling pathways responsible for mechanical ventilation-induced @entity425 is essential to developing effective countermeasures to combat this important problem. In this regard, the forkhead boxO family of transcription factors is activated in the diaphragm during mechanical ventilation, and forkhead boxO-specific transcription can lead to enhanced proteolysis and muscle protein breakdown. Currently, the role that forkhead boxO activation plays in the development of mechanical ventilation-induced @entity425 remains unknown. DESIGN: This study tested the hypothesis that mechanical ventilation-induced increases in forkhead boxO signaling contribute to ventilator-induced @entity425 . SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Young adult female @entity35 . INTERVENTIONS: Cause and effect was determined by inhibiting the activation of forkhead boxO in the @entity35 diaphragm through the use of a dominant-negative forkhead boxO adeno-associated virus vector delivered directly to the diaphragm. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that prolonged (12 hr) mechanical ventilation results in a significant decrease in both diaphragm muscle fiber size and diaphragm-specific force production. However, mechanically ventilated animals treated with dominant-negative forkhead boxO showed a significant attenuation of both diaphragm @entity194 and @entity409 . In addition, inhibiting forkhead boxO transcription attenuated the mechanical ventilation-induced activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the autophagy/lysosomal system, and @entity4124 . CONCLUSIONS: Forkhead boxO is necessary for the activation of key proteolytic systems essential for mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm @entity194 and @entity409 . Collectively, these results suggest that targeting forkhead boxO transcription could be a key therapeutic target to combat ventilator-induced @entity409 .

title: Inhibition of forkhead boxO-specific transcription prevents mechanical ventilation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction', 'diaphragm dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragm weakness']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['diaphragm dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To determine if exercise training alters the pattern and magnitude of plasma concentrations of @entity58577 and @entity1425 , plasma @entity14426 [107-140] Peptide Fir and @entity2661 were examined pre-training ( @entity8034 ), and after 4- ( @entity6402 ), 8- ( @entity6402 ), and 12-weeks (T-4) of training. 26 healthy @entity1 were matched and randomly assigned to one of three groups: heavy resistance strength training (Strength, n=9), high intensity endurance training (Endurance, n=8), or both training modalities combined (Combined, n=9). Blood was collected using a syringe with a cannula inserted into a superficial arm vein with samples collected at rest, after each 7min stage and 5 and 15min into recovery. With training, all groups observed shifted plasma Peptide F responses to graded exercise, where significant increases were observed at lower exercise intensities. Increases in plasma @entity1425 with exercise were observed in all groups. The Combined group saw increases at 25% at @entity6402 and for 50% at @entity6402 , @entity6402 , and T-4 which was higher than @entity8034 . The Endurance group demonstrated increases for 50% at @entity8034 , @entity6402 , @entity6402 but not at T-4. The plasma @entity1425 response to graded exercise was reduced in the Strength group. Increases in plasma @entity1063 above rest were observed starting at 50% . The Strength group demonstrated a significant reduction in @entity1063 observed at 100% at @entity6402 and T-4. Peptide F and @entity2661 responses to graded exercise can be altered by different types of physical exercise training. Simultaneous high intensity training may produce adrenal medulla exhaustion when compared to single mode training.

title: The effects of exercise training programs on plasma concentrations of XXXX and @entity2661 .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity14426 :: ('MESH:C029992', 'Chemical') :: ['proenkephalin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity58577 :: ('MESH:C036452', 'Chemical') :: ['proenkephalin Peptide F']

answer: @entity58577 :: (MESH:C036452,Chemical) :: ['proenkephalin Peptide F']


abstract: The biosynthetic genes of the nisin-producing strain @entity7878 6F3 are organized in an operon-like structure starting with the structural gene nisA followed by the genes nisB, nisT, and nisC, which are probably involved in chemical modification and secretion of the prepeptide (G. Engelke, Z. Gutowski-Eckel, M. Hammelmann, and K.-D. Entian, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3730-3743, 1992). Subcloning of an adjacent 5-kb downstream region revealed additional genes involved in nisin biosynthesis. The gene nisI, which encodes a lipoprotein, causes increased immunity after its transformation into nisin-sensitive @entity7878 MG1614. It is followed by the gene nisP, coding for a subtilisin-like @entity563 protease possibly involved in processing of the secreted leader peptide. Adjacent to the 3' end of nisP the genes nisR and nisK were identified, coding for a regulatory protein and a @entity3793 kinase, showing marked similarities to members of the OmpR/EnvZ-like subgroup of two-component regulatory systems. The deduced @entity535 sequences of nisR and nisK exhibit marked similarities to SpaR and SpaK, which were recently identified as the response regulator and the corresponding @entity3793 kinase of subtilin biosynthesis. By using antibodies directed against the nisin prepeptide and the NisB protein, respectively, we could show that nisin biosynthesis is regulated by the expression of its structural and biosynthetic genes. Prenisin expression starts in the exponential growth phase and precedes that of the NisB protein by approximately 30 min. Both proteins are expressed to a maximum in the stationary growth phase.

title: Regulation of nisin biosynthesis and immunity in XXXX 6F3.

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis', 'L. lactis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity7878 :: (1358,Species) :: ['Lactococcus lactis']


abstract: Unlike allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), autologous BMT is not accompanied by immune-mediated graft-versus- @entity1778 (GVL) effects; hence, the relapse rate observed after autologous BMT in @entity1503 is higher than that observed after allogeneic BMT. Autologous BMT represents a much safer medical procedure available for many @entity1 in need in situations where allogeneic BMT is not feasible or risky. The present experiments were designed to investigate whether it might be possible to combine the therapeutic benefits of autologous BMT with additional immunotherapy after BMT. The @entity5 model used for investigating GVL effects was the @entity19 @entity8624 ( @entity1896 ), a spontaneous, nonimmunogenic, highly lethal @entity1778 of BALB/c origin. BALB/c @entity19 inoculated with 10(3) @entity1896 @entity1778 cells were treated on day-1 with @entity786 100 mg/kg and transplanted with normal syngeneic BM cells on day 0. High-dose recombinant @entity2047 ( @entity5041 ) (100,000 Cetus units x 3/day intraperitoneally x 5 consecutive days) was initiated on day +1, +7, or +21 after BMT. Kinetics of lymphocyte reconstitution after syngeneic BMT indicated a steep increase in the absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes on days 17 through 24. All experimental groups were observed for relapse. @entity19 receiving no @entity5041 therapy relapsed and died within 50 days after BMT, whereas @entity19 receiving @entity5041 showed long-term disease-free survival. Optimal time for administration of @entity5041 was noted at 3 weeks post-BMT, with 90% of the @entity19 surviving with no evidence of disease for more than 1 year. Similarly, when 10(4) @entity1896 cells were given 1 day after syngeneic BMT to simulate minimal @entity66 after syngeneic BMT, @entity5041 therapy administered at 14 days post-BMT seemed effective in prolonging disease-free survival in contrast to the same regimen given at 1 day after BMT. Our data suggest that immunotherapy with @entity5041 should be further investigated as a new immunotherapeutic tool for decreasing the relapse rate after BMT for @entity1583 .

title: Use of recombinant XXXX interleukin-2 in conjunction with syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in @entity19 as a model for control of minimal @entity66 in @entity1503 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Single case report. INTRODUCTION: Mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MDT) is widely used in the management of both @entity74 and extremity problems. However, there is no study that has introduced the application of this concept to hand therapy. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To demonstrate the application of MDT to a @entity1 with a thumb problem, which was diagnosed as de @entity8806 . METHODS: According to MDT principles, the thumb @entity158 was assessed and treated. RESULTS: Radio carpal joint distraction with thumb metaphalangeal flexion combined with wrist ulnar deviation was found as the directional preference, which abolished the thumb @entity158 . After the repeated movements Finkelstein test and tenderness to pressure became negative. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity1 apparently presenting with de @entity8806 was classified as derangement syndrome using MDT. The @entity158 was rapidly and successfully treated with self-management exercises. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Application of mechanical diagnosis and therapy to a XXXX diagnosed with de @entity8806 : a case study.

entities_list: @entity8806 :: ('MESH:D053684', 'Disease') :: ["Quervain's disease"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular diastolic abnormalities are associated with adverse outcome in @entity583 . Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support is associated with improved diastolic filling. In the SHOCK trial and registry, average left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was approximately 30%, higher than expected based on the classic paradigm. We hypothesized that restrictive physiology plays a role in @entity1455 ( @entity1455 ). METHODS: Echocardiograms obtained during the SHOCK trial within 24 hours of randomization were centrally interpreted. @entity1 with quantifiable mitral E-wave deceleration time were included (n = 64). The restrictive filling pattern was defined as deceleration time < 140 milliseconds. RESULTS: The restrictive pattern was seen in 60.9% of @entity1 studied. @entity1 with this pattern had lower LVEF (31.1% vs 39.0%, P = .02) and higher wall motion score index (2.1 vs 1.8, P = .05). @entity1 with restriction were more likely to have IABP support during echocardiography (73.7% vs 43.5%, P = .03). There was no difference with and without restriction in demographic and hemodynamic variables or in @entity339 degree or extent of @entity301 . The restrictive pattern had positive predictive value of 80% for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure > or = 20 mm Hg. Thirty-day survival was 53.9% with restriction versus 68.0% without restriction, P = .31. There was no difference in New York Heart Association class at 1 year between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The restrictive filling pattern is common in @entity1 with @entity1455 , which may suggest that @entity67 contributes to @entity1455 pathogenesis. @entity1 with the restrictive pattern had lower LVEF despite IABP support. An association between the restrictive pattern and mortality was not demonstrated; power was limited by sample size.

title: Restrictive physiology in XXXX : observations from echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the number of involved or uninvolved lymph nodes in resected specimens can be used to predict the effectiveness of surgical resection for @entity5 . METHODS: Local recurrence and survival rates for 118 @entity1 undergoing curative resection for @entity189 , without adjuvant therapy, were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 62+/-37 months. Mean number of involved or uninvolved lymph nodes per resected specimen was 12+/-7. Overall local recurrence rate was 15.2 percent. In @entity1 without involved lymph nodes (N0 @entity1 ) and with T1 or T2 @entity5 , the local recurrence rate ranged from 0 to 8 percent (not significant), depending on the number of lymph nodes on the specimen. In @entity1 without involved lymph nodes and those with T3 @entity5 , the actuarial survival rate at ten years was significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the local recurrence rate was higher (P < 0.02) in @entity1 with fewer than ten lymph nodes than in those with more than ten nodes. In @entity1 with involved lymph nodes, the mean number of nodes on the resected specimen correlated closely with the mean number involved by the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The assessment of the effectiveness of rectal excision for @entity5 is in part helped by the number of involved or uninvolved lymph nodes found on the resected specimen. This is of particular interest in @entity1 without involved lymph nodes and those having infiltrating T3 @entity5 , for whom the long-term survival and local recurrence rates were significantly better when more than ten lymph nodes were present. On the other hand, when fewer than ten nodes were found, whatever the cause, adjuvant radiotherapy had to be considered, because of the high risk of local failure rate.

title: Assessing the effectiveness of mesorectal excision in XXXX : prognostic value of the number of lymph nodes found in resected specimens.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous randomised trials of chemotherapy for metastatic @entity14 have not concealed the allocation of treatment from @entity1 . Most of these unblinded trials showed improved survival with chemotherapy. This trial used a double-blind design to test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the effect of @entity1487 plus @entity4181 and the effect of placebo on the survival of subjects with metastatic @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In one hospital, 147 subjects with metastatic @entity14 were studied from 1989 to 2001. 73 were allocated chemotherapy with @entity1487 plus @entity4181 . 74 were allocated placebo. The primary end point was survival after randomization. Secondary end points were performance score, quality of life, serum level of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) and @entity137 of treatment. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-two @entity1 were followed up until death. The median survival time in the chemotherapy group was 8.7 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.9-11.0 months) compared to 6.7 months in the placebo group (95% CI 5.3-7.9 months). Chemotherapy did not affect performance status but slowed the rise of @entity787 and caused appreciable @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: In this double-blind trial, chemotherapy with @entity1487 plus @entity4181 did not improve survival, did not impair performance, but caused appreciable @entity137 .

title: Double-blind randomised trial comparing @entity1487 plus XXXX to placebo for metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: The relation between @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and @entity161 is a subject of intense debate and research due to evidence of common neurobiological pathways in the two disorders. The objective of this study was to explore whether deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the @entity427 reflex, as usually seen in @entity161 @entity1 , can be replicated in a group of @entity1 with @entity72 in comparison with a group of matched neuro-typically developed (NTD) controls. An additional aim was to explore possible psychophysiological subgroups within our @entity72 sample. In a case-control design, 35 @entity72 @entity1 and 40 matched NTD controls were tested in a psychophysiological test battery. The PPI of the acoustic @entity427 reflex was analyzed in 18 @entity72 subjects and 34 NTD controls. @entity734 and sensitization were analyzed in 23 @entity72 subjects and 39 NTD controls. In trials with less intense prestimuli (76 dB), @entity1 with @entity72 did not display the drop in percentage PPI normally found in healthy controls. In addition, @entity72 @entity1 showed significantly increased sensitization compared with NTD controls. Combined, our results may reflect the @entity56 to sensory information in @entity1 with @entity72 . The relation to @entity51 observed in @entity161 is not apparent. Future research should study the developmental course of @entity51 in @entity72 @entity1 in a longitudinal design.

title: Increased prepulse inhibition and sensitization of the XXXX reflex in autistic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['PPI deficits']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Habituation']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['startle']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined timing of first voluntary sexual intercourse as a joint function of parental separation during childhood and parental history of @entity988 . METHODS: Data were drawn from a birth cohort of female like-sex twins (n  = 569 @entity2109 [ @entity2109 ]; n  = 3,415 European or other ancestry [EA]). Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted predicting age at first sex from dummy variables coding for parental separation and parental @entity988 . Propensity score analysis was also employed to compare intact and separated families, stratified by predicted probability of separation. RESULTS: Earlier sex was reported by EA twins from separated and alcoholic families, compared to EA twins from intact nonalcoholic families, with effects most pronounced through the age of 14 years. Among @entity2109 twins, effects of parental separation and parental @entity988 were largely nonsignificant. Results of propensity score analyses confirmed unique risks from parental separation in EA families, where consistent effects of parental separation were observed across predicted probability of separation. For @entity2109 families, there was poor matching on risk factors presumed to predate separation, which limited interpretability of survival-analytic findings. CONCLUSIONS: In European American families, parental separation during childhood is an important predictor of early-onset sex, beyond parental @entity988 and other correlated risk factors. To characterize risk for African Americans associated with parental separation, additional research is needed where matching on confounders can be achieved.

title: Parental separation, parental XXXX , and timing of first sexual intercourse.

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'African ancestry']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously published on the pressure effect using a rheumatoid animal model ( @entity158 Physician in 2013 and 2014). However, we do not know how long the pressure effect lasts after exposure to high pressure. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the duration of the pressure effect in a day for a given study period. STUDY DESIGN: Laboratory animal study. METHODS: Following injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) into one side of the knee joint, 8 @entity35 were assigned to 1.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) hyperbaric chamber 3 hours per day for one or 2 weeks (1WPG or 2WPG). @entity158 levels were assessed daily for 2 weeks according to @entity353 ( @entity353 ) of the affected limb. In addition, the levels of gelatinase, @entity11017 , and @entity6929 expression in synovial fluids of the knees were analyzed. RESULTS: The reduction of @entity353 was high at one day after injection and then increased spontaneously up to 2 weeks in 1WPG and 2WPG. The pressure effects lasted for a given day and did not exceed the pressure effects of the next day in all study periods. Improvement of @entity353 in 2WPG was significantly greater than that of 1WPG during 8-14 days. The gelatinase expression ratio was significantly reduced in 1WPG and 2WPG, and 2WPG showed the lowest gelatinase ratio at 2 weeks. LIMITATION: Although enough samples were used for the study, more samples will be needed to raise the reliability. CONCLUSION: The 3 hours of 1.5 ATA pressure effect lasted for more than a day. Longer pressure exposure time appears to yield a greater therapeutic effect in an RA animal model up to a given study period. Continuous application of high pressure might be beneficial for achievement of a better therapeutic effect in clinical application.

title: The continuance time of pressure effect in the XXXX model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WBF', 'weight bearing force']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The measurement of serum FSH is useful in the diagnostic workup of the infertile male, but fails to predict the presence of sperm in testicular tissue. We investigated whether inhibin B reflects testicular morphology and the presence of sperm more accurately than FSH. Serum inhibin B and gonadotropin levels were determined in 91 infertile @entity1 undergoing diagnostic bilateral testicular biopsy. In 52 of the 91 @entity1 multiple samples were taken for @entity10523 ( @entity10523 ). Inhibin B levels were (mean +/- SEM) 238+/-32 pg/mL in @entity1 with normal spermatogenesis (n = 9), 102+/-18 pg/mL in @entity1 with @entity1167 (n = 15), 98+/-16 pg/mL in @entity6660 (n = 23), 41+/-6 pg/mL in focal @entity3453 ( @entity3453 ; n = 26), and 27+/-8 pg/mL in complete @entity3453 (n = 18). The percentage of @entity3453 tubuli was more strongly correlated to serum inhibin B (r = -0.58; P<0.01) than to FSH (r = 0.34; P<0.05). Similarly, the percentage of tubules with elongated spermatids was significantly (P<0.05) more strongly correlated to serum inhibin B (r = 0.65; P<0.01) than to FSH (r = -0.4; P<0.01). Thus, inhibin B is slightly more sensitive than FSH as an index of the spermatogenic status. Neither FSH nor inhibin B alone, however, could predict the type of spermatogenetic damage exactly. The combination of FSH and inhibin B had high diagnostic sensitivity (88%) and specificity (83%) for the presence of elongated spermatids in testicular biopsies. Sperm could be retrieved in 34 (65%) of the @entity10523 @entity1 . The combination of inhibin B and FSH measurement showed a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 73% when identifying @entity1 in whom sperm could possibly be retrieved by @entity10523 . We conclude that although the measurement of serum inhibin B improves the sensitivity of predictive tests for the presence of sperm in histology or for @entity10523 , this parameter cannot accurately predict @entity10523 outcome.

title: Serum inhibin B in combination with serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a more sensitive marker than serum FSH alone for impaired spermatogenesis in XXXX , but cannot predict the presence of sperm in testicular tissue samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['TESE', 'testicular sperm extraction']

entities_list: @entity3453 :: ('MESH:D054331', 'Disease') :: ['SCO', 'Sertoli cell-only syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogenetic arrest']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['hypospermatogenesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Union of the greater tuberosity to the humeral shaft after hemiarthroplasty for acute @entity174 of the proximal humerus is a critical factor in the restoration of glenohumeral function. A retrospective review was undertaken to examine 23 consecutive @entity1 who underwent hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of acute three- and four-part @entity174 of the proximal humerus. The study was conducted to examine the relationship between the position of the healed greater tuberosity and postoperative range of motion. The average age of the @entity1 was 66.5 years. The average follow up was 3.8 years with a range of 24 to 108 months. Active range of motion was measured in forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation. Postoperative radiographs were examined to determine the position of the united greater tuberosity in relation to the top of the replaced humeral head. The tuberosity was fixed at an average of 15.4 mm below the top of the humeral head (range: 3 to 26 mm). A radiographic assessment of a control population of 50 normal proximal humeri demonstrated an average tuberosity position of 6.7 mm (range: 2 to 12 mm) below the superior aspect of the humeral head. Polynomial regression analysis demonstrated a polynomial relationship for active range of motion and tuberosity height. ANOVA testing demonstrated statistically significant differences in all ranges of motion. Active forward elevation for Group I (3 to 9 mm) was 88 degrees, Group 11 (10 to 16 mm) was 126 degrees, and Group III (17 to 26 mm) was 85 degrees (p = 0.04). Active external rotation for Group I was 19 degrees, Group II was 48 degrees, and Group III was 29 degrees (p = 0.01). Active internal rotation for Group I was to L2, Group II was to T10, and Group III was to L2 (p = 0.01). Although many factors affect the final ranges of motion in @entity1 who undergo prosthetic replacement for acute proximal humeral @entity174 we believe that placement of the greater tuberosity 10 to 16 mm below the humeral head will assist in the maximum recovery of glenohumeral motion.

title: The effect of greater tuberosity placement on active range of motion after hemiarthroplasty for acute XXXX of the proximal humerus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: Since 1993, Koreans have used diagnostic criteria set by the Korean Society on @entity715 and Hemostasis (KSTH) in the diagnosis of overt disseminated @entity5642 (DIC). In 2001, the Scientific and Standardization Committee (SCC) of the International Society on @entity715 and Hemostasis (ISTH) proposed new diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of overt DIC. We wanted to compare the use of the ISTH versus KSTH criteria in the diagnosis of overt DIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 131 @entity1 over the age of 15 years, who had been admitted and diagnosed as having DIC from May 2000 to April 2005 at the Youngdong Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Of the 131 @entity1 , there were 71 males and 60 females, with a median age of 61 years. Hemostatic tests, including platelet counts, PT, aPTT, @entity2002 level and D-dimer, were evaluated based on the respective scoring systems. To assess the concordance between the two diagnostic systems, we used the Student's t-test and the K-coefficient. RESULTS: There were 79 @entity1 compatible with the ISTH criteria and 63 @entity1 with the KSTH criteria. Sixty-one @entity1 were compatible with both diagnostic systems. The grade of agreement, or concordance rate, was 84.7% and the K-coefficient, or interrater reliability, was as low as 0.6 without significance. However, if we scored 1 point for a @entity2002 level of 100-150 mg/dL, and 2 points for a level below 100 mg/dL, for the ISTH criteria, then 63 @entity1 were compatible with both diagnostic systems, and the concordance rate increased to 85.5% and the K-coefficient to 0.71 with significance. CONCLUSION: To achieve good agreement between the ISTH and KSTH diagnostic systems for overt DIC, we highly recommend changing the plasma @entity2002 cut-off value in the ISTH criteria from 100mg/dL to 150 mg/dL and scoring up to 2 points for a level below 100 mg/dL.

title: Diagnosis of overt disseminated @entity5642 : a comparative study using criteria from the International Society versus the Korean Society on XXXX and Hemostasis.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis']


abstract: The brain has a high level of @entity620 which is thought to act as a reducing agent, e.g. in protecting tissues against oxidative stress. The mechanism by which @entity9050 is maintained in the useful, reduced state in the CNS is evaluated herein. Cerebrum from @entity35 or @entity291 was minced and homogenized in buffer. The endogenous levels of @entity620 , @entity45497 ( @entity45497 ) and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) were determined by HPLC with coulometric electrochemical detection. We also quantitated tissue capacity to regenerate @entity620 from @entity45497 , which is a product of electron transfer reactions of @entity620 . The homogenate was fractionated by centrifugation in steps up to 110,000 x g and dialyzed free of low molecular weight components. The activity for reducing @entity45497 was approximately equal in the various supernatants; resuspended pellets had little activity. The active component has several properties of a protein, including being precipitated by solid @entity1329 addition to the tissue extract; most activity appeared in the 40-80% saturated fraction. The activity was stable up to a temperature of 80 degrees C, but was lost at 95 degrees C. The protein was digested by trypsin. The results suggest that a cytosolic component of cerebrum regenerates @entity620 in a step that preferentially uses @entity2197 and @entity1110 as reducing cofactors. At least one form of @entity45497 reductase exists in brain.

title: Cerebral metabolism of oxidized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity45497 :: ('CHEBI:27956', 'Chemical') :: ['DHAA', 'dehydro-L-ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity9050 :: (CHEBI:38290,Chemical) :: ['ascorbate']


abstract: Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation following lethal X-irradiation and subsequent administration of @entity205 (CsA) results after cessation of @entity870 treatment in an @entity792 which is thymus dependent and resembles @entity2132 . The chronic dermal changes of this experimental autoimmune model have similarities with @entity1 @entity2631 in terms of skin histopathology. In this study we evaluated the possible role of different effector leukocytes in the @entity35 model of CsA-induced @entity792 (CsA-AI) by examining the skin by immunohistology. In the acute phase both @entity11264 + and CD8+ TCR alpha beta + T-cells together with activated ED1+ macrophages and class II MHC-upregulated keratinocytes were seen in the epidermis; no selective use of TCR V beta was observed. Few TCR alpha beta + T-cells were seen in the dermis where @entity11264 + ED2+ macrophages were abundant. With the change from acute to chronic, @entity2631 -like lesions the @entity11264 + T-cells disappeared from the epidermis and the TCR alpha beta + cells were now almost exclusively CD8+; both class II MHC-upregulated keratinocytes and macrophages persisted. Changes in TCR gamma delta + T-cells were not observed in the acute or chronic phase. As a possible effector mechanism @entity11264 + T-cells in the acute-phase of CsA-AI may cause the observed activation of macrophages and keratinocytes. Furthermore, @entity11264 + T-cells may be necessary for the homing of the CD8+ T-cells in the epidermis. Especially the activated keratinocytes are suspected of being the target cells which may perpetuate the ongoing autoimmune response into the chronic phase as established by CD8+ T-cells only.

title: Cutaneous immunopathology of cyclosporin-A-induced XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: We have recently isolated @entity1968 -resistant clones @entity60581 from @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 (Ueda et al. (1985) Cancer Res. 45, 3332-3338). Growth of MCF-7 cells was found to be stimulated by @entity53 but that of @entity60581 was not. Cytosol from @entity5306 or @entity60582 cells contained no detectable @entity53 receptor activity, whereas that from the parental MCF-7 cells showed @entity53 receptor activity of 32 fmol/mg cytosol protein with a Kd of 2.6 X 10(-10) M by Scatchard analysis. Sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis of the cytosol fraction confirmed the presence of @entity53 receptor activity in MCF-7 but not in @entity5306 . Cytosol from MCF-7 and @entity5306 cells showed @entity1420 receptor activities of 106 fmol/mg protein with a Kd of 7.4 X 10(-10) M and 13 fmol/mg protein with a Kd of 9.9 X 10(-10) M, respectively. Addition of @entity53 to the culture medium of the cells increased the level of @entity1420 receptor about 2-fold in MCF-7, but not in @entity5306 . @entity5306 or @entity60582 cells showed about 5-fold higher resistance to an @entity8413 , @entity440 , than MCF-7, and they were also 300- to 1,000-fold more resistant to other antiestrogens, @entity60583 and @entity7839 , than MCF-7. The altered cellular sensitivity of @entity60581 to the hormone antagonists is discussed in relation to the absence or presence of hormone receptors.

title: XXXX mammary cancer cell mutants with altered hormone receptor activity.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity8413 :: ('MESH:D020847', 'Chemical') :: ['antiestrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity7839 :: ('MESH:D008525', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity60583 :: ('MESH:C002976', 'Chemical') :: ['epitiostanol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The effect of Freund's adjuvant injection on 24-hour variation in circulating ACTH, prolactin, @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and of hypothalamic @entity1063 (NE) content and @entity935 (DA) and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) turnover was examined in adult @entity35 . In control rats, serum ACTH and prolactin exhibited peak values at the light-dark transition while the maximum in TSH was found in the late afternoon. @entity11249 levels did not vary on a 24-hour basis. In Freund's-adjuvant-injected @entity35 , 24-hour variations in TSH levels became blunted while 24-hour variations in prolactin and ACTH persisted. Freund's adjuvant treatment augmented serum ACTH and prolactin levels, and decreased @entity11249 and TSH levels. Hypothalamic NE content, and turnover of DA and @entity750 varied on a 24-hour basis in @entity35 receiving adjuvant's vehicle. The NE content of the anterior, medial and posterior @entity2339 peaked at 04.00 h, while that of the median eminence attained its maximum at 16.00-20.00 h. Maxima in hypothalamic DA and @entity750 turnover ocurred at 04.00 h regardless of the region examined. In Freund's-adjuvant-injected @entity35 , reduced amplitude of daily variations of NE content in the median eminence and anterior and medial @entity2339 , as well as a phase advance in the 24-hour rhythm of the posterior hypothalamic NE content were seen. Mycobacterial adjuvant injection also reduced the amplitude of circadian rhythm in hypothalamic @entity750 turnover, shifted the maximum in median eminence DA turnover towards light-dark transition, and decreased the amplitude of DA turnover rhythm in the anterior, medial and posterior @entity2339 . Administration of the immunosuppressant drug @entity205 restored the augmented ACTH and prolactin levels and the depressed @entity11249 and TSH levels found in Freund's-adjuvant-injected @entity35 . @entity205 was also effective to restore 24-hour rhythmicity of serum ACTH and TSH, but not of prolactin levels. Immunosuppression restored rhythmicity of NE content and of DA and @entity750 turnover in anterior, medial and posterior hypothalamic regions. @entity205 did not modify the effect of Freund's adjuvant on median eminence but in was able to counteract the changes in the DA and @entity750 turnover in the median eminence found after immunization. The results are in accord with a significant effect of immune-mediated inflammatory response at an early phase after Freund's adjuvant injection on ACTH, @entity11249 , prolactin and TSH release mechanisms, which was partially sensitive to immunosuppression induced by @entity205 .

title: Circadian rhythms in adenohypophysial hormone levels and hypothalamic monoamine turnover in mycobacterial-adjuvant-injected XXXX

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5HT', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Improved understanding of presurgical risk factors for transfusions will lead to reduction in their number and related complications. The goal of this study is to identify these factors in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: Presented herein are results of analyses of data from an ongoing study of transfusion in CABG surgery. Of 122 @entity1 , 81 received transfusion (Tx) and 41 did not (NoTx). In addition to routine tests, presurgical levels of microparticles from platelets (PMPs), red cells (RMPs), and other lineages were assayed. RESULTS: The Tx and NoTx groups were similar with respect to most presurgical variables but differed in distribution of gender, blood type, @entity6 prevalence, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), hemoglobin ( @entity39266 ), and microparticle levels. Stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate presurgical variables and to develop a model to assess risk factors for transfusion. @entity1427 (+) PMP and CD235(+) RMP levels were found to be the main risk factors for transfusion. The Model's discriminating ability was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, which showed that the area under the model curve (   standard error) was 0.86    0.04 (95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.94). According to the model, @entity1 with higher presurgical levels of circulating @entity1427 (+) PMP, @entity39266 , as well as a shorter aPTT, are less likely to receive transfusion(s). CONCLUSIONS: Presurgical levels of @entity1427 (+) PMPs and @entity33009 (+) RMPs are the main risk factors for transfusion in CABG, followed by @entity39266 and aPTT.

title: Presurgical levels of circulating cell-derived microparticles discriminate between XXXX with and without transfusion in  coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity2 is the second most common cause of @entity5 and its incidence has been rising for the last 50 years. Shifts in histological types and differences in gender distribution have also accompanied the changed incidence of @entity358 . METHODS: A total of 590 @entity2 @entity1 were interviewed at Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, a medical center of Southern Taiwan, in 1997 and 2002. A retrospective investigation confirmed the age-adjusted incident rate in the hospital and demographic variations by different histological types for both genders. The statistical differences were evaluated using the heterogeneity chi-squared test and Cox regression. RESULTS: Results indicated that from 1997 to 2002, the age-adjusted rates of @entity2 decreased by 3.64% at the hospital. The largest percentage of increases in the age-adjusted rate was observed for @entity151 (approximately 8.18%), whereas it decreased by 31.2% for @entity957 and increased by 1.62% for @entity420 . Female @entity1 were found to be younger and had longer survival duration. The frequency was the highest for lesions in the upper lobe and @entity1 had more advanced stage in all histological types. The 6-month relative survival rate between the two time-periods did not change appreciably. CONCLUSIONS: The age-adjusted incidence rate of @entity420 at the hospital has increased, as well as @entity151 . During the study period, early-staging diagnosis and 6-months survival rate did not change appreciably for the different @entity2 @entity1 , suggesting that therapeutic and diagnostic advances, prevention or screening procedures had mild effects in southern Taiwan. Further studies are needed for confirmation of our results.

title: XXXX at a medical center in Southern Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['histological lung cancer', 'Taiwan, lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung malignancies']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinoma', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: Nearly 90% of @entity1 with clear-cut @entity407 seen in clinical practice have type II or IV @entity5522 . Previous studies have shown that these syndromes have different distributions of @entity453 and different outcomes after coronary bypass grafting. A characteristic pattern of vascular @entity730 on chest films might have some prognostic value. Therefore, to determine the location and extent of aortic root and @entity729 seen on chest films, 33 consecutive @entity1 with type II and 17 with type IV @entity5522 were studied who were admitted for coronary arteriography between 1970 and 1982. Among the 33 @entity1 with @entity66 , 21 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 , 22 had radiographically visible @entity730 that was different in distribution from that usually found in @entity731 . The ascending aorta was involved in 21 and the arch in 12. In eight @entity1 , the @entity460 outlined a distinctive narrowing of the ascending aorta. Six @entity1 had significant left @entity67 ; in five it was from @entity472 . Of the 17 type IV @entity1 , 16 @entity1 and one @entity1 , none had aortic @entity730 or left @entity3585 , and only one had @entity729 . These data demonstrate that @entity1 with @entity6340 have severe calcific @entity731 of the aortic root that often is visible on chest films. Such @entity730 may alert physicians to the presence of @entity6340 and the high probability of severe @entity453 .

title: XXXX in types II and IV @entity5522 : radiographic appearance and clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['type II disease']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['type II hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery atherosclerosis', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular obstruction']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['Vascular calcification']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity788 has been reported long after total choledochal @entity45 . The aim of this study was to determine if the disease process of postoperative @entity788 differs between a primary and secondary @entity45 in a long-term follow-up. METHODS: Among 53 postoperative @entity1 who underwent a total @entity45 and were followed up, 44 @entity1 underwent a primary @entity45 (primary excision group), while 9 @entity1 underwent a secondary @entity45 after a previous cyst-duodenostomy for internal drainage (secondary excision group). The long-term clinical course, including the pancreatographic findings after a total @entity45 , was compared. RESULTS: In the primary excision group, six @entity1 had mild @entity788 . Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography demonstrated ductal dilatation that was limited to the common channel in two @entity1 , concurrent with the ventral duct in three, and extended the duct of Santorini in three. Conservative treatments were carried out in three @entity1 , and endoscopic irrigation in one @entity1 with protein plugs in the ventral duct. A resection of the choledochal remnant in the pancreas was performed in two @entity1 with choledochal remnant-associated @entity788 . From the secondary excision group, 5 of the 9 @entity1 had chronic @entity788 . Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed entire @entity1124 . Two of these @entity1 underwent duodenal papilloplasty at the same time as secondary surgery; however, the disease progressively worsened. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 undergoing a secondary total excision after internal drainage, it is difficult to half the ongoing aggravating process in @entity788 .

title: XXXX after a primary and secondary excision of congenital choledochal cysts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cyst excision']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: A subset of @entity2173 ( @entity2173 ) group E cells lack a factor that binds to DNA damaged by UV radiation. This factor can be purified to homogeneity as @entity43117 , a 125-kDa polypeptide. However, when cDNA encoding @entity43117 is translated in vitro, only a small fraction binds to UV-damaged DNA, suggesting that a second factor is required for the activation of @entity43117 . We discovered that most hamster cell lines expressed inactive @entity43117 , which was activated in somatic cell hybrids containing @entity1 chromosome region 11p11.2-11cen. This region excluded @entity43117 but included @entity7117 , which encodes a 48-kDa polypeptide known to copurify with @entity43117 under some conditions. Expression of @entity1 @entity7117 activated @entity43117 binding in hamster cells and increased @entity43117 binding in @entity1 cells. No such effects were observed from expression of @entity7117 containing single @entity535 substitutions from @entity2173 group E cells that lacked binding activity, demonstrating that the @entity7117 gene is defective in those cells. Activation of @entity43117 occurred by a "hit-and-run" mechanism, since the presence of @entity7117 was not required for subsequent binding. Nevertheless, @entity7117 was capable of forming a complex with @entity43117 either bound to UV-damaged DNA or in free solution. It is notable that hamster cells fail to efficiently repair @entity38735 in nontranscribed DNA and fail to express @entity7117 , which contains a @entity2360 motif with homology to proteins that reorganize chromatin. We propose that @entity7117 plays a role in repairing lesions that would otherwise remain inaccessible in nontranscribed chromatin.

title: @entity7117 Activates a UV-damaged-DNA binding factor and is defective in XXXX group E cells that lack binding activity.

entities_list: @entity38735 :: ('MESH:D011740', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['XP', 'xeroderma pigmentosum']

answer: @entity2173 :: (MESH:D014983,Disease) :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']