abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE To evaluate a group of related Rhodesian Ridgebacks with a family history of @entity944 for the presence of @entity943 and to identify possible patterns of disease inheritance among these @entity235 . DESIGN Prospective case series and pedigree investigation. ANIMALS 25 Rhodesian Ridgebacks with shared bloodlines. PROCEDURES Pedigrees of 4 young @entity235 (1 female and 3 males; age, 7 to 12 months) that died suddenly were evaluated, and owners of closely related @entity235 were asked to participate in the study. @entity235 were evaluated by 24-hour Holter monitoring, standard ECG, echocardiography, or some combination of these to assess cardiac status. Necropsy reports, if available, were reviewed. RESULTS 31 close relatives of the 4 deceased @entity235 were identified. Of 21 @entity235 available for examination, 8 (2 males and 6 females) had @entity1165 (90 to 8,700 ventricular premature complexes [VPCs]/24 h). No @entity235 had clinical signs of @entity299 reported. Echocardiographic or necropsy evaluation for 7 of 12 @entity235 deemed affected (ie, with frequent or complex VPCs or @entity944 ) did not identify structural lesions. Five of 6 screened parents of affected @entity235 had 0 to 5 VPCs/24 h (all singlets), consistent with a normal reading. Pedigree evaluation suggested an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, but autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance could not be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Holter monitoring of Rhodesian Ridgebacks with a family history of an @entity943 or @entity944 is recommended for early diagnosis of disease. An autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance in the studied @entity235 was likely, and inbreeding should be strongly discouraged.

title: XXXX in Rhodesian Ridgebacks with a family history of @entity944 and results of a pedigree analysis for potential inheritance patterns.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify whether the presence of @entity1054 (A) affects the rehabilitative prognosis of @entity2795 subjects with neglect (N). METHODS: This study was carried out on 30 @entity1 with left @entity1158 : 15 @entity1 had neglect (group N) and 15 had neglect and @entity1054 (group N+A). Mean age was 68.2+/-6.3 in group N (9 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) and 72.1+/-6.4 in group N+A (7 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ). The average interval from onset of @entity64 to admission for rehabilitation was 23 and 23.6 days, respectively, in group N and in group N+A. @entity1 were assessed through the Mesulam test, Bisiach test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fugl-Meyer scale, @entity177 ( @entity177 ), and Rankin scale. RESULTS: Before rehabilitation, cognitive @entity177 scores of @entity1 of group N were significantly higher than those of group N+A (P=0.001), whereas motor @entity177 scores and total @entity177 scores did not differ between the 2 groups. After rehabilitation, cognitive @entity177 scores (P=0.000) and even motor (P=0.009) and total @entity177 scores (P=0.000) were statistically higher in group N than in group N+A. Effectiveness (P=0.005) and efficiency (P=0.012) in the motor @entity177 scores of group N were significantly greater than those of group N+A. Disability was lower in group N (P=0.040). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the presence of @entity1054 worsens the rehabilitation prognosis in @entity2795 subjects who also have neglect.

title: Functional recovery after @entity1158 in XXXX with neglect: the rehabilitative role of @entity1054 .

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['anosognosia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity161 @entity1 suffer from @entity73 , particularly from failure of executive control functions. METHODS: This study investigated the cortical organization of executive control in @entity161 @entity1 and healthy control subjects using event-related potentials (ERPs). Event-related potentials were collected while subjects performed an auditory Go/ @entity14841 task that required response inhibition. To exclude stimulus discriminability and early stimulus processing to confound results, stimuli were adjusted to the subject's individual discrimination ability and were presented in a simple and a difficult version. RESULTS: @entity161 @entity1 performed similar to control subjects in the Go condition but worse than control subjects in the @entity14841 condition that required response inhibition. Event-related potentials revealed the neurophysiological substrate of this dysfunction. In the Go conditions, both healthy control subjects and @entity161 @entity1 showed the same voltage pattern. In the @entity14841 condition, control subjects and @entity1 showed similar cortical activation only during early processing (N2 time window). However, in later stages of processing (P3 time window), healthy subjects showed left lateralization of ERPs over frontal areas while @entity161 @entity1 did not. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity161 @entity1 exhibit deficient processing in a neuronal network, including left frontal areas, that is involved in later stages of executive control function.

title: Executive control is disturbed in @entity161 : evidence from event-related potentials in a Go/ XXXX task.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and attentional deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenic']

answer: @entity14841 :: (57142,Gene) :: ['NoGo']


abstract: The @entity1507 and @entity3542 reductases of @entity3881 have two different physiological functions. Under conditions of @entity1568 limitation, these enzymes catalyze the reduction of @entity1507 via @entity3542 to @entity3265 for the anabolic incorporation of @entity1568 into biomolecules. They also function catabolically in anaerobic respiration, which involves the use of @entity1507 and @entity3542 as terminal electron acceptors. Two distinct @entity1507 reductases, encoded by narGHI and nasBC, function in anabolic and catabolic @entity1568 metabolism, respectively. However, as reported herein, a single @entity2125 -dependent, soluble @entity3542 reductase encoded by the nasDE genes is required for both catabolic and anabolic processes. The nasDE genes, together with nasBC (encoding assimilatory @entity1507 reductase) and nasF (required for @entity3542 reductase @entity49785 cofactor formation), constitute the nas operon. Data presented show that transcription of nasDEF is driven not only by the previously characterized nas operon promoter but also from an internal promoter residing between the nasC and nasD genes. Transcription from both promoters is activated by @entity1568 limitation during aerobic growth by the @entity1568 regulator, TnrA. However, under conditions of @entity26 limitation, nasDEF expression and @entity3542 reductase activity were significantly induced. Anaerobic induction of nasDEF required the ResDE two-component regulatory system and the presence of @entity3542 , indicating partial coregulation of NasDEF with the respiratory @entity1507 reductase NarGHI during @entity1507 respiration.

title: @entity1568 and @entity26 regulation of XXXX nasDEF encoding @entity2125 -dependent @entity3542 reductase by TnrA and ResDE.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: During the years 1970-1996, 8,414 cases (8,176 among @entity1 and 238 among @entity1 ) of @entity10108 , recognised as @entity3675 , were registered with the peak in 1972-1976 (500-800 cases per year). An in-depth analysis of 7,893 ( @entity1 ) reported in the period between 1970 and 1992 revealed that repeated poisonings in the same @entity1 were observed quite frequently. Among 4,556 @entity1 poisoned by lead during the period under study, in every third @entity1 the disease was diagnosed at least twice. Almost half of @entity1 with occupational @entity10108 received the @entity3675 certification after the exposure lasting less than five years. The majority of @entity1 poisoned by lead (64.3%) were employed in plants located in the Katowice voivodship. More than half of @entity1 with occupational @entity10108 (54.1%) was exposed to maximum concentrations of lead, exceeding MAC values by two hundred times. A diminishing number of occupational @entity10108 observed during the 1990s does not reflect a real-level of occupational exposure. The majority of cases reported apply to large plants or industrial complexes where the prevention of poisonings is rather well organised. But dispersed small production and service enterprises, where acute cases of @entity4968 may lead to irreversible organic changes create a great problem. One of the prerequisites for effective prevention of occupational @entity10108 is to identify and to make a complete inventory of workplaces where lead occurs, as well as to identify workposts hazardous to worker's health, and to monitor lead concentrations in the air.

title: [Occupational XXXX in Poland].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational disease']

entities_list: @entity10108 :: ('MESH:D007855', 'Disease') :: ['lead poisoning']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity10108 :: (MESH:D007855,Disease) :: ['lead poisoning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonunion or delayed union of @entity174 in the proximal aspect of metatarsals 1 to 4 and Zone 2 of the fifth metatarsal were treated by high energy @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) to study the safety and efficacy of this method of treatment in a FDA study of the Ossatron device. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective single-arm, multi-center study, 34 @entity174 were treated in 32 @entity1 (two subjects had two independent @entity174 ) with @entity1457 . All @entity174 were at least 10 (range, 10 to 833) weeks after injury, with a median of 23 weeks. @entity1457 application was conducted using a protocol totaling 2,000 shocks for a total energy application of approximately 0.22 to 0.51 mJ/mm2 per treatment. The mean @entity1457 application time for each of the treatments was 24.6 +/- 16.6 minutes, and anesthesia time averaged 27.1 +/- 10.4 minutes. All subjects were followed for 1 year after treatment at intervals of 12 weeks, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS: The overall success rate at the 12-week visit was 71% with low complications, significant @entity158 improvement as well as improvement on the SF-36. The success/fail criteria was evaluated again at the 6- and 12-month followup, showing treatment success rates of 89% (23/26) and 90% (18/20), respectively. The most common adverse event was swelling in the foot, reported by five subjects (15.6%). CONCLUSION: High-energy @entity1457 appears to be effective and safe in @entity1 for treatment of nonunion or a @entity245 of a proximal metatarsal, and in fifth metatarsal @entity174 in Zone 2.

title: Extracorporeal shock wave treatment of non- or delayed union of proximal metatarsal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['extracorporeal shock wave treatment', 'ESWT']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is currently the therapy of choice for superficial @entity150 with a 60-70% response rate. Induction of cytokine production (e.g. @entity650 , etc.) by BCG has been found in @entity1 's urine in vivo as well as @entity150 cell lines. However, the signalling mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of BCG on @entity268 production and its role in regulating @entity650 expression in the @entity1 @entity150 cell line, MGH. After 1 hr exposure to BCG, @entity650 gene expression in MGH cells increased by 2.5-3-fold and @entity268 production increased by 8-10-fold in a time- and dose-dependent manner. BCG-induced @entity268 production was inhibited by both antifibronectin antibody and an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, @entity15404 in a dose-dependent way. In the presence of @entity15404 , @entity650 expression in MGH cells was also greatly reduced. Furthermore, @entity268 -dependent kinase inhibitors H7 and @entity46365 also inhibited BCG-induced @entity650 expression in MGH, with @entity46365 being much less effective than H7. Thus, BCG induces @entity268 production and may regulate @entity650 expression partially via a @entity268 -dependent pathway in @entity1 @entity150 cells.

title: The signalling pathway for BCG-induced @entity650 production in XXXX @entity150 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Early diagnosis has a major role in improving prognosis of @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to assess the risk status of @entity1 35-69 years of age using risk assessment models and the prevalence of mammography in a community setting. The sample of this cross sectional study consisted of 227 @entity1 , 35-69 years of age residing in Izmir, a city located in western region of @entity233 . A questionnaire was used to collect data and the Gail and Cuzick-Tyrer models were applied to assess the risk of @entity0 . In this study, 52.7% of @entity1 had mammography at least once, and 41.3% of the @entity1 over the age of 40 had mammography screening in the last two years. The five years risk for @entity0 was high in 15.8% of @entity1 according to the Gail model and ten years risk was high in 21.7% with the Cuzick-Tyrer model. In the present study, the @entity0 risk levels were assessed in a population setting for the first time in @entity233 using @entity0 risk level assessment models. Being in 60-69 age group, having low education and not being in menopause were significant risk factors for not having mammography according to logistic regression analysis. Mammography utilization rate was low. @entity1 must be educated about @entity0 screening methods and early diagnosis. The @entity1 in the high risk group should be informed on their risk status which may increase their attendance at @entity0 screening.

title: Compliance with screening recommendations according to XXXX risk levels in Izmir, @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Tics in @entity4676 begin in childhood, peak in early adolescence, and often decrease by early adulthood. However, some adult @entity1 continue to have impairing tics. Medications for tics are often effective but can cause adverse effects. Behavior therapy may offer an alternative but has not been examined in a large-scale controlled trial in adults. OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of a comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics in adults with @entity4676 of at least moderate severity. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial with posttreatment evaluations at 3 and 6 months for positive responders. SETTING: Three outpatient research clinics. @entity1 : @entity1 (N = 122; 78 males; age range, 16-69 years) with @entity4676 or @entity1765 were recruited between December 27, 2005, and May 21, 2009. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received 8 sessions of comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics or 8 sessions of supportive treatment for 10 weeks. @entity1 with a positive response were given 3 monthly booster sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total tic score on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale rated by a clinician masked to treatment assignment. RESULTS: Behavior therapy was associated with a significantly greater mean (SD) decrease on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (24.0 [6.47] to 17.8 [7.32]) from baseline to end point compared with the control treatment (21.8 [6.59] to 19.3 [7.40]) (P < .001; effect size = 0.57). Twenty-four of 63 @entity1 (38.1%) were rated as much improved or very much improved on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale compared with 4 of 63 (6.4%) in the control group (P < .001). Attrition was 13.9%, with no difference across groups. @entity1 receiving behavior therapy who were available for assessment at 6 months after treatment showed continued benefit. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive behavior therapy is a safe and effective intervention for adults with @entity4676 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00231985.

title: Randomized trial of behavior therapy for adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['chronic tic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish @entity35 models of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and study the pathological characteristics of @entity1030 . METHOD: @entity9734 inhalation method was used to establish @entity35 models. After exposure to @entity9734 for 7 weeks, peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak inspiratory flow (PIF), @entity551 ( @entity551 ) and @entity551 in @entity35 were measured by Maclab data recording and analysis system. Experimental @entity35 with PEF less than 80% of the mean of the normal @entity35 were classified as airflow obstructed, while those with PEF greater than 80% of mean of normal @entity35 were non-obstructed. Pathological changes in airway and lung tissue were compared between these two groups. RESULT: In experimental animals, PEF was significantly decreased (P < 0.005) and @entity551 increased (P < 0.001) as compared with normal @entity35 . Epithelial damage, goblet cell @entity1373 and @entity32 in cartilaginous bronchi were more remarkable in experimental @entity35 with @entity1030 than those without @entity1030 (P < 0.001, < 0.01, < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, pathological changes in airway lumen, epithelium and airway wall in membranous and respiratory bronchioles were more marked in experimental @entity35 with @entity1030 than those without @entity1030 (P < 0.001 or P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between PEF values and @entity2543 , goblet cell @entity1373 , @entity32 , smooth @entity121 and mucous plug in membranous and respiratory bronchioles (P < 0.001 or P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity9734 inhalation may cause @entity3311 with @entity1030 , i.e. @entity1030 in @entity35 . @entity1030 was induced in 64% (16 of 25) of the experimental group @entity35 .

title: Establishment and pathological study of models of @entity1030 by XXXX inhalation method.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'airflow obstruction', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intratracheal pressure', 'IP', 'IP slope']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hyperplasia']

answer: @entity9734 :: (CHEBI:29825,Chemical) :: ['SO2']


abstract: @entity1205 ( @entity4420 ), a member of the @entity3907 family of anticancer drugs, binds to tubulin and produces unnaturally stable microtubules that induce cell death. @entity4420 is used clinically alone or in combination with other compounds to treat advanced stages of @entity5 . We have treated the @entity1 @entity2 cell lines A549 and H1299 and @entity1 @entity5 HeLa cells with low concentrations of @entity4420 to characterize the response of beta-tubulin isotypes and @entity876 genes. The relationship between @entity876 function and @entity4420 , acting through a microtubule-based mechanism, was examined. We found that after 18-hr treatment with @entity4420 , beta-tubulin gene transcription was enhanced in @entity876 -null H1299 cells but not in A549 cells. Also, @entity876 RNA was strongly induced in the A549 cells. In addition, beta-tubulin levels also increased in the H1299 cells after the @entity4420 treatment. Further demonstrating an association of @entity4420 treatment with @entity876 and beta-tubulin, inhibition of @entity876 expression by interference RNA in A549 cells showed increasing beta-tubulin gene expression with @entity4420 treatment. We also selected a clone from the H1299 cells that stably expressed @entity876 , examined the beta-tubulin expression after @entity4420 treatment and found an inhibition of beta-tubulin induction in these @entity876 -expressing cells. Our data suggest that the initial response of cells to @entity4420 treatment involves @entity876 ; alternatively, in the absence of @entity876 , tubulins may be transactivated. Selection of the @entity4420 -resistant A549 cells showed beta-tubulin expression was increased, in contrast to the initial response to the @entity4420 treatment. From the initial and selection responses of beta-tubulin in @entity5 cells, it appears that there is a @entity876 -associated beta-tubulin expression as a result of the @entity4420 treatment.

title: Induction of tubulin by @entity1205 is associated with XXXX status in @entity1 non small cell lung cancer cell lines.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anatomy of @entity543 may influence the outcome of endovascular treatment or carotid endarterectomy. Whether anatomy favors one treatment over the other in terms of safety or efficacy has not been investigated in randomized trials. METHODS: In 414 @entity1 with mostly symptomatic @entity543 randomized to endovascular treatment (angioplasty or stenting; n   =   213) or carotid endarterectomy (n   =   211) in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS), the degree and @entity850 and plaque surface irregularity were assessed on baseline intraarterial angiography. Outcome measures were @entity64 or @entity204 occurring between randomization and 30 days after treatment, and @entity64 and @entity256 >= 50% during follow-up. RESULTS: @entity543 longer than 0.65 times the common carotid artery diameter was associated with increased risk of peri-procedural @entity64 or @entity204 after both endovascular treatment [odds ratio 2.79 (1.17-6.65), P   =   0.02] and carotid endarterectomy [2.43 (1.03-5.73), P   =   0.04], and with increased long-term risk of @entity256 in endovascular treatment [hazard ratio 1.68 (1.12-2.53), P   =   0.01]. The excess in @entity256 after endovascular treatment compared with carotid endarterectomy was significantly greater in @entity1 with long @entity850 than with short @entity850 at baseline (interaction P   =   0.003). Results remained significant after multivariate adjustment. No associations were found for degree of @entity850 and plaque surface. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing @entity850 length is an independent risk factor for peri-procedural @entity64 or @entity204 in endovascular treatment and carotid endarterectomy, without favoring one treatment over the other. However, the excess @entity256 rate after endovascular treatment compared with carotid endarterectomy increases with longer @entity850 at baseline. Stenosis length merits further investigation in carotid revascularisation trials.

title: Length of @entity543 predicts peri-procedural XXXX or @entity204 and @entity256 in @entity1 randomized to endovascular treatment or endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['length of stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'Carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of @entity10643 in acute (< or = 48 hours), anterior circulation @entity385 . METHODS: We screened more than 5000 @entity1 at 13 centers in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-treatment, clinical trial and enrolled 287 @entity1 . They received 100 mg @entity27918 or placebo intramuscularly daily for 28 days and were evaluated regularly for 84 days. Number of deaths, the Toronto @entity64 Scale, and the Barthel Index were primary outcomes; improvements on the Fugl-Meyer Scale and on a neuropsychological battery were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: The groups were balanced for severity, side of @entity64 , age, sex, race, years of schooling, prior illness, and @entity308 scores. Analyzable data were available on 275 @entity1 ; 217 @entity1 completed the trial. Protocol-specified primary and secondary outcome measures showed no significant difference between treatment arms. However, improvement from baseline in the motor component of the Toronto @entity64 Scale favored the @entity27918 -treated group at day 28 when @entity27918 treatment stopped (P = .020); at day 84, the difference still favored the @entity27918 -treated group (P = .057). All 10 components of the Barthel Index, the Fugl-Meyer Scale, and four of the five tests in the neuropsychological battery also favored the @entity27918 group. Adverse experiences were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity27918 is safe. However, since only certain post hoc tests showed statistically significant differences or trends favoring @entity27918 , another clinical trial is needed to demonstrate efficacy.

title: @entity10643 in acute XXXX . The SASS Trial.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity10643 :: ('MESH:D005677', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside GM1']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity1192 plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiologic process of @entity625 . It is released in an autocrine fashion in joints affected with @entity625 . @entity1 cartilage affected with @entity625 (but not normal cartilage) showed upregulation of @entity1356 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in ex vivo conditions. Type II @entity1192 receptor, @entity1192 receptor antagonist, and Type I soluble @entity1192 receptor has potent @entity1192 neutralizing activity. In view of these observations, the role of type II @entity1192 receptor in chondrocyte function was examined. @entity1 @entity1356 (5-10 ng/mL) induced @entity842 , @entity1421 and matrix metalloprotease production in @entity291 or @entity1 chondrocytes, which could be inhibited by 500 pg/mL of Type II @entity1192 receptor. @entity1192 inhibited proteoglycan synthesis that could be reversed by Type II soluble @entity1192 receptor. Similarly, 1 ng/mL @entity1 @entity1192 induced (or spontaneously produced) @entity842 and @entity1421 production in @entity1 @entity571 -affected cartilage could be inhibited by 50% or greater with 100 pg/mL Type II @entity1192 receptor in ex vivo conditions. Type II @entity1192 receptor transfected chondrocytes were immune to the insults of exogenous @entity1192 . These experiments showed that endogenous or exogenous Type II @entity1192 receptor can attenuate the effects of @entity1192 with respect to induction of inflammatory mediators, matrix metalloprotease activity and, proteoglycan synthesis in @entity1 chondrocytes and cartilage.

title: Type II @entity1356 receptor: a candidate for gene therapy in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-1']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: Lily MADS box gene 1 (LMADS1), with sequence homology to the @entity43358 family of genes, was cloned and characterized from lily (Lilium longiflorum). LMADS1 protein contains almost complete consensus sequence of the @entity45666 (PI)-derived motif (YEFRVQPSQPNLH) found in the @entity43358 family of genes and paleoAP3 motif (YGSHDLRLA) found in the @entity43358 family of genes from the low eudicot, magnolid dicot and monocot species. LMADS1 mRNA was expressed in all four whorls of the flower and absent in the vegetative leaves. The LMADS1 protein was only detected in the petals and stamens, indicating that LMADS1 is possibly post-transcriptionally regulated in lily. @entity958 plants transformed with 35S::LMADS1 produced flowers with short petals and stamens, however, no floral organ conversion was observed. Ectopic expression of LMADS1 cDNA truncated with the MADS box domain in @entity958 generated the @entity43358 -like dominant negative mutation in which the petals were converted into sepal-like structures and the stamens were converted into carpel-like structures. Yeast two-hybrid analysis indicated that LMADS1 truncated with the MADS box domain is able to sufficiently interact with the @entity958 PI protein. This result supports that LMADS1 is the functional counterpart of the @entity43358 gene in lily. Interestingly, in contrast to other B functional genes, LMADS1 truncated with the MADS box domain is able to strongly form homodimers. LMADS1 may represent an ancestral form of the B function gene, which retains the ability to form homodimers in regulating petal and stamen development in lily.

title: A MADS box gene from lily (Lilium Longiflorum) is sufficient to generate dominant negative mutation by interacting with XXXX (PI) in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity45666 :: (832146(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['PISTILLATA']


abstract: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity263 were treated with orchiectomy plus six cycles of @entity1259 in a dose of 90 mg/m2, intravenously, every 28 days. Median age was 63 years (range, 52-74 years). Sixteen @entity1 had only bone @entity3 and 3 had soft tissue lesions plus bone @entity3 . Fifty-six percent had poorly differentiated @entity420 . Response in @entity1 with bone @entity3 was assessed by National @entity263 Project criteria. Of 19 @entity1 , 9 (47%) achieved a complete and 7 (37%) a partial remission. The median duration of response was 20 months and the median survival time of all @entity1 was 24 months (range, 3-100+ months). @entity137 was moderate and consisted of @entity1665 and mild @entity1209 . There was no significant hematological @entity137 . It is concluded that the combined modality treatment with orchiectomy plus a cytotoxic drug, i.e., @entity1259 , is feasible and does not appear antagonistic. Randomized studies should be initiated to prove or disprove a potential survival benefit of the combined modality as a first-line treatment.

title: Phase II study of orchiectomy combined with @entity1259 as first-line treatment in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'Prostatic Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In 2008, an estimated 37,700 @entity1 younger than 16 were treated in US emergency departments for nonfatal all-terrain vehicle ( @entity11254 ) injuries. This study identifies safety guidelines and recommendations dealers convey to consumers at the point of sale. METHODS: A telephone survey of all 2004 licensed motorcycle dealers in Illinois was conducted. Trained investigators, using aliases and posing as a parent of a 13-year-old teenager, spoke with dealership personnel. Investigators indicated they wished to purchase an @entity11254 with the dealership, but had no knowledge of @entity11254 use or safety issues. The telephone call's true purpose was concealed during the survey. Specific responses from the salesperson, models and brands of ATVs, price quotes, engine sizes, and safety information/recommendations were recorded in a written survey instrument. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven @entity11254 dealers completed the survey. A salesperson most often fielded the telephone interview (124/127). Telephone interviews by male investigators were longer than those by female interviewers (5 minutes 37 seconds vs 3 minutes 51 seconds; P = 0.001). Dealers recommended Consumer Product Safety Commission-based @entity1 -size ATVs (<90 mL engine size) during 75% of the calls. Nearly all dealers recommended helmet use (108/127), and few (3/127) labeled the vehicles as "safe." Most dealers (83.5%) recommended some form of rider training, with half (49.6%) offered point-of-purchase training. CONCLUSIONS: All-terrain vehicle dealers in Illinois recommend @entity1 -size vehicles, safety training, and helmet use for the majority of telephone inquiries. Injury prevention efforts targeting @entity11254 dealers may be less needed than those using other populations.

title: All-terrain vehicle dealership point-of-sale XXXX safety compliance in Illinois.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prognostic significance of bone marrow (BM) @entity82 grade in @entity1 with @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) is still debated. A @entity82 grade greater than 1 was shown to associate with higher risk of @entity204 , and addition of @entity82 grade to IPSS score resulted in a more accurate prediction of survival. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic impact of BM @entity82 in 490 @entity1 with @entity4018 , evaluated at diagnosis, molecularly annotated and with extensive follow-up information. We found that @entity82 grade 2 and greater on a 0-3 scale was associated with clinical characteristics indicative of a more advanced disease, such as @entity417 , @entity1431 , @entity882 , constitutional symptoms, larger @entity381 and a higher IPSS risk category. @entity1 with higher grade of @entity82 were also more likely to have additional somatic mutations in @entity5314 and @entity16719 , that are prognostically adverse. Median survival was significantly reduced in @entity1 with grade 2 and 3 @entity82 as compared with grade 1; this effect was maintained when analysis was restricted to younger @entity1 . In multivariate analysis, @entity82 grade independently predicted for survival regardless of IPSS variables and mutational status; the adverse impact of @entity82 was noticeable especially in lower IPSS risk categories. Overall, results indicate that higher grades of @entity82 correlate with unique clinical and molecular aspects and represent an independent adverse variable in @entity1 with @entity4018 ; these observations deserve confirmation in prospectively designed series of @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Prognostic Impact of @entity4018 in Primary @entity4018 . A Study of the AGIMM Group on 490 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['primary myelofibrosis', 'PMF']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electrochemical therapy (ECT) has been used to treat unresectable @entity99 . In order to improve its efficacy, we combined ECT with @entity221 induced by electrothermal needle (ETN) (ETECT). The aim of this study is to investigate the destructive effect of ETECT on normal @entity35 liver. METHODS: Twenty @entity35 were randomized into 4 treatment groups (n=5 in each group): control, ECT alone, @entity221 alone and ETECT. Following the treatment, sections of the livers were histologically examined by light microscopy and the destructive volumes were measured with micrometer. RESULTS: We found that the destructive volumes in ETECT group were the largest (P<0.01). In ETECT group coagulative @entity39 was found in both anode and cathode areas, around which transition zones existed. The transition zones can only be seen when coulomb was increased in ECT group. CONCLUSION: ETECT was demonstrated to enhance the destructive effect of ECT. This study provides theoretical and experimental basis for a new local ablative treatment for unresectable primary @entity96 .

title: A new local ablation for unresectable primary @entity96 : effect of electrothermal and electrochemical therapy on XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity11635 ( @entity870 ) can reduce @entity644 in various forms of @entity1 and experimental @entity8 . This antiproteinuric effect can be the result of a decrease of @entity1200 , a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or a change in the permselective properties of the glomerular capillary wall. In this study we investigated the effect of @entity870 on @entity632 -induced @entity8 in @entity35 . A single intravenous injection of @entity632 (5 mg/kg body weight) induced a severe @entity1985 with a massive @entity633 (+/- 400 mg/24 h from 3 weeks onwards) and a @entity4988 (+/- 7 mg/ml after 5 weeks). The IgG/albumin selectivity index was 0.16 +/- 0.05, indicating a preferential loss of albumin. A 5-day treatment with @entity870 reduced the albumin excretion by almost 50% (from 336 +/- 91 to 178 +/- 58 mg/24 h; p = 0.002) and induced an increase in the serum albumin level (from 7.1 +/- 4.1 to 12.8 +/- 3.2 mg/ml; p = 0.002) in contrast to the vehicle olive oil (OO). @entity870 also decreased the GFR by 40% (from 0.74 +/- 0.11 to 0.41 +/- 0.11 mg/ml/100 g body weight; p = 0.002). @entity633 corrected for the GFR (fractional excretion of albumin, FE(alb)) was still significantly lower in @entity870 -treated than in OO-treated animals (FE(alb) @entity870 : 1.35 +/- 0.88, FE(alb) OO: 3.17 +/- 2.29%; p = 0.0005). This suggests that other factors are also involved in the reduction of @entity633 . To exclude that @entity870 has an effect on the tubular reabsorption of albumin, we evaluated the blockade of the tubular reabsorption by @entity376 and found no difference in @entity633 between the @entity870 - and OO-treated groups. These experiments suggest that the antiproteinuric effect of @entity870 is not (only) due to a decrease in the GFR, but also to a decrease of the enhanced permeability of the glomerular capillary wall for albumin.

title: Antiproteinuric effect of @entity11635 in @entity632 @entity8 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'glomerulopathies']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological damage']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity11635 :: ('CHEBI:4031', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciclosporin A']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The neurobiological basis for the short-term recovery in @entity191 @entity1 and experimental animals grafted with adrenal medulla is not yet clear. Structural details of the grafted chromaffin cells are also not available. In the present study, autografts of adrenal medulla in the anterior eye chamber, lateral ventricle and striatum of adult @entity35 were studied for 360 days. Though a large number of cells degenerated, a few healthy chromaffin cells survived up to 360 days in the anterior eye chamber. In the ventricular and striatal regions, cells degenerated more rapidly, and a few surviving cells were seen only up to 120 and 150 days, respectively. Degeneration of the cells was evident from the alteration of the cytoplasmic granules, appearance of vacuoles and lysosomes, rapid decline in the number of TH and @entity49910 positive cells and diffusion of enzymes in the intercellular region. Only lymphocytes and connective tissue cells were seen in the ventricle after 120 days, while outlines of a few chromaffin cells and background fluorescence were still evident in the striatum up to 150 days. In some of the intrastriatal transplants, morphologically identifiable Schwann cells were present and, in one transplant, there was evidence of myelination of axons by Schwann cells. These axons were obviously derived from the adjacent host tissue. From the findings it has been concluded that autografts of adrenal medulla survive for only a limited period of time on transplantation to the central nervous system and anterior eye chamber. Survival seemed to be better in the anterior eye chamber than at the sites preferentially chosen for treating @entity191 @entity1 or experimental animals.

title: Adrenal medullary autografts in anterior eye chamber, lateral ventricle and striatum of adult XXXX : a long term study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Research is needed that prospectively characterizes the intergenerational pattern of effects of childhood maltreatment and lifetime @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) on @entity1 's mental health in pregnancy and on postpartum mental health and bonding outcomes. This prospective study included 566 nulliparous @entity1 in 3 cohorts: @entity1005 -positive, @entity130 -exposed resilient, and not exposed to @entity130 . METHODS: @entity130 history, @entity1005 diagnosis, and @entity308 diagnosis were ascertained using standardized telephone interviews with @entity1 who were pregnant at less than 28 gestational weeks. A 6-week-postpartum interview reassessed interim @entity130 , labor experience, @entity1005 , @entity308 , and bonding outcomes. RESULTS: Regression modeling indicates that posttraumatic stress in pregnancy, alone, or comorbid with @entity308 is associated with postpartum @entity308 (R(2) = .204; P < .001). Postpartum @entity308 alone or comorbid with posttraumatic stress was associated with impaired bonding (R(2) = .195; P < .001). In both models, higher quality of life ratings in pregnancy were associated with better outcomes, while reported dissociation in labor was a risk for worse outcomes. The effect of a history of childhood maltreatment on both postpartum mental health and bonding outcomes was mediated by preexisting mental health status. DISCUSSION: Pregnancy represents an opportune time to interrupt the pattern of intergenerational transmission of abuse and @entity146 vulnerability. Further dyadic research is warranted beyond 6 weeks postpartum. @entity130 -informed interventions for @entity1 who enter care with abuse-related @entity1005 or @entity308 should be developed and tested.

title: Childhood abuse history, XXXX , postpartum mental health, and bonding: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intrauterine @entity3303 instillation in reducing @entity1 discomfort during saline solution infusion sonohysterography (SIS). DESIGN: A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING: Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isparta. @entity1 : One hundred-six @entity1 who underwent SIS. INTERVENTIONS: Fifty-three @entity1 were allocated to the @entity3303 group and 53 to the saline solution group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main outcome measures were the intensity of @entity158 during, immediately after, and 20 minutes after the procedure, assessed by a visual analog scale and the @entity1 ' distress evaluated by the physician with a 3-point observer scale. There were no statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group in mean age, parity, past cervical surgery, history of chronic @entity2371 and @entity1834 , history of curettage, education, socioeconomic status, menopausal status, volume of saline solution infused (mL), tenaculum use, and indication for SIS. @entity158 scores demonstrated a statistically significant difference between groups during the procedure (placebo 5.09 +/- 1.25 [95% CI 4.74-5.43], @entity3303 3.90 +/- 1.02 [95% CI 3.61-4.18], p <.001); immediately after procedure (placebo 4.03 +/- 0.89 [95% CI 3.78-4.27], @entity3303 3.16 +/- 0.67 [95% CI 2.97-3.34], p <.001); and 20 minutes after procedure (placebo 3.32 +/- 0.54 [95% CI 3.17-3.46], @entity3303 2.43 +/- 0.72 [95% CI 2.23-2.62], p <.001). No significant @entity158 relief in nulliparous @entity1 was obtained by the use of @entity3303 (4.88 +/- 1.01 [95% CI 4.60-5.15], 3.88 +/- 0.86 [95% CI 3.64-4.11], 3.22 +/- 0.55 [95% CI 3.06-3.37], respectively; p >.05). @entity158 rated by the physician during, immediately after, and 20 minutes after the procedure was significantly different between the groups (p <.001), and a significant correlation was noted between the visual analog @entity158 score and the @entity1 ' distress recorded by the physician (r = 0.816, r = 0.697, r = 0.676; p <.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Intrauterine @entity3303 seems to be effective in decreasing @entity158 in parous @entity1 undergoing SIS.

title: Intrauterine XXXX infusion for @entity158 relief during saline solution infusion sonohysterography: a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: The whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique was used to study the effects of different cytosolic @entity460 concentrations [ @entity141 ]i on desensitization kinetics of @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )-activated receptors in acutely dissociated @entity35 hippocampal neurons. Two different intrapipette concentrations of the @entity460 chelator @entity18650 ( @entity18650 ; 11 and 0.9 mM, respectively) were used to yield a low (1.2 x 10(-8) M) or a high (2.2 x 10(-6) M) [ @entity141 ]i. In low [ @entity141 ]i, peak values of @entity1246 -evoked currents (20 microM) evoked at -30 mV, were significantly larger than those recorded in high @entity460 [2,970 +/- 280 (SE) pA vs. 1,870 +/- 150 pA]. The extent of desensitization, assessed from steady-state to peak ratio was significantly higher in high @entity460 conditions (0.14 +/- 0.007 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.008). Similar effects of - @entity141 -i on desensitization were observed with @entity1246 (100 microM). Recovery from desensitization, measured at 30 s interval with double pulse protocol was significantly slower in high [ @entity141 ]i than in low [ @entity141 ]i (54 +/- 3% vs. 68 +/- 2%). The current-voltage relationship of @entity1246 -evoked currents was linear in the potential range between -50 and 50 mV. The kinetics of desensitization process including the rate of onset, extent of desensitization, and recovery were voltage independent. The run down of @entity1246 -evoked currents was faster with the higher intracellular @entity460 concentration. The run down process was accompanied by changes in desensitization kinetics: in both high and low [ @entity141 ]i desensitization rate was progressively increasing with time as the slow component of the desensitization onset was converted into the fast one. In excised patches, the desensitization kinetics was much faster and more profound than in the whole cell configuration, indicating the involvement of intracellular factors in regulation of this process. In conclusion, [ @entity141 ]i affects the desensitization of GABAA receptors possibly by activating @entity460 -dependent enzymes that regulate their phosphorylation state. This may lead to modifications in cell excitability because of changes in @entity1246 -mediated synaptic currents.

title: Changes in intracellular XXXX concentration affect desensitization of GABAA receptors in acutely dissociated P2-P6 @entity35 hippocampal neurons.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18650 :: ('MESH:C025603', 'Chemical') :: ['BAPTA', "1, 2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid"]

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity49240 ) has potent @entity2013 -releasing activity, but its physiological role in the regulation of @entity2013 release during the avian reproductive cycle is not known. We used indirect immunofluorescence to determine if changes in hypothalamic @entity49240 are associated with the shifts in circulating @entity2013 during the reproductive cycle of the domestic @entity233 . In the naturally hyperprolactinemic incubating hen, the majority of @entity49240 immunoreactivity ( @entity49240 -IR) existed within neurons of the infundibular nuclear complex (INF) and fibers in the external layer of the median eminence. Within the INF, the numbers of @entity49240 -IR cells increased during the cycle, paralleling increases in serum @entity2013 . In the reproductively inactive, nonphotostimulated hen with low serum @entity2013 , essentially no positive cells were noted, whereas the incubating hen exhibited @entity19 +/- 2.2 cells/pair of adjacent sections in the anterior INF and 59.6 +/- 2.0 cells in the posterior INF. Exposure of inactive hens to a stimulatory photoperiod resulted in a 2.6-fold increase in serum @entity2013 with the appearance of @entity49240 -IR cells in the INF. During laying and incubation, further increases were observed in the number of positive cells in the INF and serum @entity2013 as well as a greater fiber density in the median eminence. To further examine the association between changes in @entity49240 -IR and serum @entity2013 , circulating @entity2013 was artificially lowered by depriving incubating hens of their nests for 0, 2, 5, and 10 days. On day 2 of nest deprivation, serum @entity2013 declined markedly to 12% of day 0 levels, with @entity49240 -IR cell numbers at 64% and 46% in the anterior and posterior INF, respectively. By day 10, birds exhibited cell numbers in the INF averaging 20% of those observed in the day 0 incubating hens, with serum @entity2013 at 6% of day 0 levels. The results of these studies indicate a possible causal relationship between hypothalamic @entity49240 and changes in @entity2013 secretion during the avian reproductive cycle, providing a basis for further research on the importance of this peptide as well as factors responsible for the modulation of its expression in hypothalamic INF neurons.

title: Alterations in hypothalamic vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity are associated with reproduction and prolactin release in the female XXXX .

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a long standing interest in the identification of medicinal plants and derived natural products for developing @entity5 therapeutics. Here we investigated the antiproliferative properties of Melissa officinalis (MO) from @entity233 on @entity0 . METHODS: MO extracts were studied for @entity137 against @entity0 cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231). In vitro apoptosis studies were performed by annexin V staining and flow cytometry analyses. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and @entity15624 in the tumoral tissue sections of @entity106 -induced @entity5 in @entity35 was also performed, along with TUNEL assays to detect apoptotic cells. In vivo anticancer activity testing was carried out with reference to inhibition of growth of @entity106 induced @entity5 in @entity35 . RESULTS: MO showed @entity137 against three @entity5 cell lines, inducing increase in Annexin-positive cells. Expression of @entity15624 protein and TUNEL positive cells were much higher in @entity35 treated by MO, compared with the untreated control group, while expression of Ki-67 was decreased. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that mean @entity5 volume inhibition ratio in MO treated group was 40% compared with the untreated @entity35 . CONCLUSION: These results indicated that MO extrcts have antitumoral potential against @entity0 .

title: Antitumoral effects of Melissa officinalis on XXXX in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Psychotherapeutic interventions containing training in mindfulness meditation have been shown to help @entity1 with a variety of somatic and psychological conditions. @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is a meditation-based psychotherapeutic intervention designed to help reduce the risk of @entity308 . There is encouraging early evidence from multi-centre randomized controlled trials. However, little is known of the process by which @entity73 may bring therapeutic benefits. This study set out to explore @entity1 ' accounts of @entity73 in the mental-health context. Seven @entity1 were interviewed in two phases. Interview data from four @entity1 were obtained in the weeks following @entity73 . Grounded theory techniques were used to identify several categories that combine to describe the ways in which mental-health difficulties arose as well as their experiences of @entity73 . Three further @entity1 who have continued to practise @entity73 were interviewed so as to further validate, elucidate and extend these categories. The theory suggested that the preconceptions and expectations of therapy are important influences on later experiences of @entity73 . Important areas of therapeutic change ('coming to terms') were identified, including the development of mindfulness skills, an attitude of acceptance and 'living in the moment'. The development of mindfulness skills was seen to hold a key role in the development of change. Generalization of these skills to everyday life was seen as important, and several ways in which this happened, including the use of breathing spaces, were discussed. The study emphasized the role of continued skills practice for @entity1 ' therapeutic gains. In addition, several of the concepts and categories offered support to cognitive accounts of @entity1316 and the role of @entity73 in reducing relapse.

title: A qualitative study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MBCT', 'Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['relapse of recurrent depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Neuroprotection has been proposed in @entity179 , such as @entity191 and @entity195 , to delay or halt disease progression or reverse @entity528 . The inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase (MAO), @entity22396 and @entity4160 , prevent @entity528 in cellular and animal models of @entity179 by intervening in the death signal pathway in mitochondria. In addition, @entity22396 and @entity4160 increase the expression of anti-apoptotic @entity588 protein family and @entity2057 . @entity2057 , especially @entity6352 ( @entity6352 ) and @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ), are required not only for growth and maintenance of developing neurons, but also for function and plasticity of distinct population of adult neurons. @entity6352 and @entity2252 have been reported to reduce Parkinson and @entity195 , respectively. @entity6352 protects the nigra-striatal @entity935 neurons in animal models of @entity191 , and its administration has been tried as a disease-modifying therapy for @entity191 @entity1 . However, the results of clinical trials have not been fully conclusive and more practical ways to enhance @entity6352 levels in the targeted neurons are essentially required for future clinical application. @entity22396 and @entity4160 induced preferentially @entity6352 and @entity2252 in cellular and non- @entity1 primate experiments, and @entity4160 increased @entity2252 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of @entity191 @entity1 . In this paper, we review the induction of @entity6352 and @entity2252 by these MAO inhibitors as a strategy of neuroprotective therapy. The induction of prosurvival genes is discussed in relation to a possible disease-modifying therapy with MAO inhibitors in @entity179 .

title: ''70th Birthday Professor Riederer'' induction of glial cell line-derived and brain-derived @entity2057 by XXXX and @entity4160 : a way to a disease-modifying therapy?

entities_list: @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor', 'GDNF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity22396 :: ('MESH:C031967', 'Chemical') :: ['rasagiline', 'Rasagiline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian', "Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's diseases"]

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotrophic factors', 'neurotrophic factors']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss', 'neuronal deterioration']

answer: @entity22396 :: (MESH:C031967,Chemical) :: ['rasagiline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4386 ( @entity4386 ) encode the T cell receptor involved in the control of T cell proliferation and mediates T cell apoptosis. The receptor protein is a specific T lymphocyte surface antigen that is detected on cells only after antigen presentation. Thus, @entity4386 is directly involved in both immune and autoimmune responses and may be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple T cell-mediated @entity792 . There is polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 of the @entity4386 gene, providing an A-G exchange. Moreover, we assessed the @entity4386 49 (Thr/Ala) polymorphism in @entity6 @entity1 and first-degree relatives as compared to control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three loci ( @entity3098 , @entity8167 and @entity4386 ) were analysed in 62 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 , 72 first-degree relatives and 84 nondiabetic control subjects by means of PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: A significant enrichment in @entity3098 alleles encoding for an @entity535 different from Asp in position 57 (NA) and @entity8167 alleles encoding for Arg in position 52 was observed in @entity6 subjects and first-degree relatives as compared to controls. The genotype and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 and first-degree relatives differed significantly from those of controls (p < 0.001 and 0.05 respectively). CTLA-49 Ala alleles frequencies were 75.8% in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 and 68.1% in first-degree relatives in comparison to 35.7% in control subjects. The Ala/Ala genotype conferred a relative risk of 18.8 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The @entity4386 49 Ala allele confers an increased risk of type 1 @entity6 , independent of age and HLA-DQ genetic markers.

title: Markers for risk of type 1 @entity6 in relatives of Alsacian @entity1 with type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity4386 :: ('1493', 'Gene') :: ['CTLA-4', 'cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 gene']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: T-helper cells ( @entity839 ) play an important role in the induction of both cytotoxic T-cell responses and B-cell responses against the grafted organ. Furthermore, @entity839 alone are capable of causing graft rejection in T cell-deprived @entity19 and @entity35 . In view of these observations we found it important to analyse the frequency and functions of donor-specific @entity839 in the allograft and in the recipient lymphoid system during the course of acute renal allograft rejection. A limiting dilution assay was developed which, due to the absence of exogenous @entity5041 ( @entity5041 ) and the low numbers of stimulator cells used, appears to be highly selective for the proliferation of specific @entity839 . Kidney transplants were performed from LBN (RT1n) to congenic Lewis (RT1l) strain differing in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) only. The inflammatory (white) cells were recovered from the graft, and blood and recipient spleen and the frequency of RT1n-responding @entity839 were determined at different times after transplantation. In the kidney graft itself, the frequency of @entity839 responding to RT1n MHC antigens was 1:3000 on day 2 and increased to 1:670-1320 at the peak of @entity32 . In the spleen, the frequency increased from 1:1000 on day 0 to 1:200 on day 8, and remained high even after the graft was rejected. In the blood, the frequency stayed at the 1:400-1:800 level, and increased to 1:200 only after the graft had been completely destroyed. Individual @entity839 clones deriving from limited dilution assays of kidney and spleen cells were recovered and expanded with irradiated donor cells without @entity5041 and finally with exogenous @entity5041 only. All clones showed the T-helper (W3/25) phenotype, seven out of eight tested clones showed a specific anamnestic response to RT1n alloantigens and no response to RT1l or @entity10171 in a secondary MLC, 12 out of 12 clones produced @entity5041 and 11 out of 11 clones produced gamma interferon upon re-stimulation with relevant allogeneic cells, and eight out of ten clones collaborated with syngeneic B cells for Ig synthesis, indicating that they were indeed derived from specific @entity839 and/or from their precursors. Taken together, the results demonstrate that specific @entity839 and/or their precursors represent only a very small minority in the graft-infiltrating inflammatory population. This makes it most unlikely that the @entity839 themselves are responsible for graft destruction; the results indicate rather that a major role of @entity839 in situ may be instruction of immunologically specific and nonspecific components of @entity32 .

title: Frequency and functional characterization of specific T-helper cells infiltrating XXXX kidney allografts during acute rejection.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Age, Blood Pressure, Clinical Features, Duration, and @entity6 (ABCD(3)-I) score is recommended to predict the risk of @entity64 after transient @entity63 attack. The aim of this study was to validate the predictive value of the ABCD(3)-I score and compare the accuracy of the Age, Blood Pressure, Clinical Features, Duration, and @entity6 (ABCD(2)) and ABCD(3)-I scores in a Chinese population. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected from @entity1 who had transient @entity63 attack, as defined by the World Health Organization time-based criteria. ABCD(2) and ABCD(3)-I scores were available within 7 days of the index transient @entity63 attack. The predictive outcome was @entity64 occurrence at 90 days. The receiver-operating characteristic curves were plotted, and the C statistics were calculated as a measure of predictive ability. The comparison of the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) was performed by Z test. RESULTS: Among 239 eligible @entity1 , the mean age was 57.4  13.32 years, and 40.2% of the @entity1 were @entity1 . The incidence of @entity64 at 90 days was 12.1%, which ranged from 0% in @entity1 with lower ABCD(3)-I scores (0-3) to 40.91% in those with higher scores of 8 to 13 (P for trend <0.0001). Moreover, the C statistic of ABCD(3)-I scores (0.825; 95% confidence interval, 0.752-0.898) was statistically higher than that of ABCD(2) scores (0.694; 95% confidence interval, 0.601-0.786; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The ABCD(3)-I score had a higher predictive value than the ABCD(2) score for assessing the risk of @entity64 after transient @entity63 attack in a Chinese population.

title: Validation of the ABCD3-I score to predict @entity64 risk after transient XXXX attack.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'early stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'Diabetes plus Dual TIA']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence and type of health insurance may be an important determinant of @entity5 stage at diagnosis. To determine whether previously observed racial differences in stage of @entity5 at diagnosis may be explained partly by differences in insurance coverage, we studied all @entity1 with incident cases of @entity320 or @entity0 in Florida in 1994 for whom the stage at diagnosis and insurance status were known. METHODS: The effects of insurance and race on the odds of a late stage (regional or distant) diagnosis were examined by adjusting for an individual's age, sex, marital status, education, income, and comorbidity. All P values are two-sided. RESULTS: Data from 28 237 @entity1 were analyzed. @entity1 who were uninsured were more likely diagnosed at a late stage ( @entity14 odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, P =.004; @entity320 OR = 2.59, P =.004; @entity0 OR = 1.43, P =.001; @entity263 OR = 1.47, P =.02) than were @entity1 with commercial indemnity insurance. @entity1 insured by Medicaid were more likely diagnosed at a late stage of @entity0 (OR = 1.87, P<.001) and @entity320 (OR = 4.69, P<.001). Non-Hispanic African-American @entity1 were more likely diagnosed with late stage @entity0 than were non-Hispanic whites. Hispanic @entity1 were more likely to be diagnosed with @entity0 but less likely to be diagnosed with late @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 lacking health insurance and @entity1 insured by Medicaid are more likely diagnosed with late stage @entity5 at diverse sites, and efforts to improve access to @entity5 are warranted for these groups. Racial differences in stage at diagnosis are not explained by insurance coverage or socioeconomic status.

title: Effects of health insurance and race on early detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast and prostate cancers', 'late stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage prostate cancer', 'cancer', 'cancer-screening services']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A 44-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity5492 . He had been admitted to our ward in June 1991, after resection of a @entity1313 at another hospital due to cerebral metastasis of @entity2 ( @entity420 ). Systemic chemotherapy and pulmonary irradiation therapy were performed during the first hospitalization. Radiation @entity55 occurred 1 month after the completion of radiotherapy, which responded to administration of @entity288 . One year and 4 months later after the completion of radiotherapy, he was readmitted to our hospital because of @entity5492 . Chest computed tomogram and bronchoscopy showed no recurrence of @entity2 , so pulmonary arteriography and bronchial arteriography were performed to investigate the cause of @entity5492 . Pulmonary arteriograms showed diminished vascularity in the area of radiation @entity82 , but a bronchial arteriogram showed inflammatory hypervascularization in the same field. We considered that the bronchial arterial angiogenesis induced @entity1207 was the cause of @entity5492 . Bronchial arteriography is necessary in cases of radiation @entity3794 with @entity5492 without obvious recurrence of @entity5 . If the growth of new blood vessels in the bronchial artery can be induced by radiation therapy, the administration of anti- @entity5 agents to the bronchial artery should be considered in the treatment of recurrent @entity2 after radiation therapy.

title: [A case of XXXX caused by treatment of @entity2 which revealed marked hypervasculality on bronchial arteriography].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['by radiation pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5492 :: ('MESH:D006469', 'Disease') :: ['hemoptysis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1207 :: (MESH:D017564,Disease) :: ['radiation pneumonitis']


abstract: Highly reactive, low-molecular-weight @entity20312 ( @entity2699 ) are the most commonly identified cause of @entity7446 ( @entity7446 ). Animal/clinical studies of DIC @entity565 have been more limited compared with @entity12131 , and an understanding of DIC pathogenesis is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate in a @entity19 model, @entity26678 ( @entity10345 , as 2,4- @entity10345 isomer)-induced inflammatory reactions/cytokine profile changes in the lungs and accompanying changes in lymph node lymphocyte sub-populations. The study used female BALB/cJ/Han/IMP @entity19 that were exposed first intra-nasally and then in an inhalation chamber to @entity10345 or air. After the final exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and changes induced in inflammatory cell composition, levels of key cytokines (i.e. @entity58 , @entity637 , IFNy), and lymphocyte sub-population profiles within auricular lymph nodes, were evaluated. Total number of cells in the BALF of treated @entity19 was significantly higher than in control @entity19 BALF. There was also a significant increase in BALF neutrophil and eosinophil levels with @entity10345 @entity19 compared to in controls; lymphocyte and macrophage numbers did not significantly differ. A significant increase in BALF levels of @entity637 and IFNy was also noted in @entity19 exposed to @entity10345 relative to levels in controls. BALF @entity58 levels were also increased, but the change from control was not significant. Lastly, the levels/percentages of @entity5168 (+) @entity1961 (+) (T-helper [TH]) lymphocytes significantly increased in the lymph nodes of @entity10345 -exposed groups while those of the @entity5168 (+)CD8(+) cells decreased as compared to in control @entity19 . These studies, the first to assess @entity10345 -induced changes in levels of three key cytokines in BALF in conjunction with changes in local lymph nodes following first an intra-nasal and then a general inhalation exposure to a low-level of @entity10345 , confirm that @entity10345 inhalation induces a pathology manifested by airway inflammation, TH cell-derived cytokine production, and shifts in lymph node lymphocytes sub-populations toward increases in TH cells.

title: Effect of inhaled @entity26678 on local immune response based on @entity19 model for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity20312 :: ('CHEBI:53213', 'Chemical') :: ['diisocyanates']

entities_list: @entity26678 :: ('MESH:D014051', 'Chemical') :: ['toluene diisocyanate']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'occupational asthma']

answer: @entity7446 :: (MESH:D059366,Disease) :: ['occupational asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3190 and insulin resistance are associated with @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and @entity65 in @entity101 subjects. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms for @entity4346 including activation of the @entity3449 -angiotensin system system (RAS) and the sympathetic nervous system and their activation by insulin using a @entity35 model of @entity3190 and insulin resistance. METHODS: Male @entity35 were fed a high- @entity948 or control diet. The @entity948 -fed @entity35 (FFR) were divided into four subgroups that were administrated either vehicle or the following antihypertensive drugs (n = 6-8) for 4 weeks: 1) @entity9885 , an @entity11154 antagonist; 2) @entity10820 , an alpha1-receptor blocker; and 3) @entity2514 , a direct vasodilator. RESULTS: @entity948 feeding induced significant @entity101 (BP) levels at 4 weeks (control, 117 v @entity948 , 131 mm Hg), left ventricular weight, and the sum of the insulin level in response to a @entity413 tolerance test (2 g/kg). @entity948 feeding also increased urinary excretion of @entity1425 and @entity1063 , the density of cardiac alpha1-adrenergic receptors, and the content of @entity1808 in the left ventricle. All antihypertensive drugs decreased systolic BP, but only the @entity1809 receptor antagonist attenuated the development of @entity4346 in FFR. The @entity1809 receptor antagonist did not affect @entity413 -mediated insulin responses, but did suppress urinary @entity2922 excretion and cardiac alpha1-adrenergic receptor density. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4346 in FFR may be less dependent on systemic elevations of BP and more dependent on the RAS and the sympathetic nervous system. Use of an @entity1809 receptor antagonist might be the most beneficial way to prevent progression of @entity4346 through direct effects on tissue RAS and the sympathetic nervous system in FFR. As these changes occur in a @entity35 model with @entity3190 , insulin may have a role in promoting @entity4346 by activating the local RAS and sympathetic nervous system activity.

title: The @entity3449 -angiotensin and adrenergic nervous system in cardiac hypertrophy in @entity948 -fed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in mean systolic blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity10820 :: ('MESH:C018176', 'Chemical') :: ['bunazosin']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose', 'Fructose']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity9885 :: ('MESH:C437965', 'Chemical') :: ['olmesartan']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats', 'rat']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity4254 is the @entity158 that @entity1 beings have ever experienced. Surgery might be the only solution for some @entity1 because no other way can relieve their severe @entity158 . They experience intolerable @entity158 before operation and during radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion. The aim of the current study was to prospectively evaluate the preoperative and perioperative analgesic effects of preoperative single @entity1897 . Sixty @entity1 with classic @entity4254 who were scheduled to undergo radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion were randomly divided into a control group (n = 30) and a nerve block group (n = 30). @entity1 in the nerve block group were treated with single @entity1897 using 1% @entity3303 and @entity5935 on the day of admission. Average @entity158 , @entity158 , @entity25 , and analgesia satisfaction were evaluated before surgery. The incidence and intensity of perioperative @entity158 were determined before the needle reached the gasserian ganglion. Compared with the control group, a single @entity1897 significantly attenuated average @entity158 (P < 0.01) and @entity158 (P < 0.01), ameliorated the @entity25 (P < 0.01), and increased analgesia satisfaction (P < 0.01). Moreover, @entity1 in the nerve block group experienced a decrease in incidence (P < 0.01) and intensity (P < 0.01) of @entity158 during surgery as compared with the @entity1 in the control group. These results demonstrate that a single @entity1897 may be an effective way to relieve preoperative and perioperative intolerable @entity158 of @entity4254 .

title: Analgesic effects of preoperative @entity1897 in XXXX with @entity4254 undergoing radiofrequency thermocoagulation of gasserian ganglion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['Trigeminal neuralgia', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve block']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['episodic pain', 'pain', 'worst pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['quality of sleep']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Caspases form a family of proteinases required for the initiation and execution phases of apoptosis. Distinct proapoptotic stimuli lead to activation of the initiator @entity15415 , which in turn activate the common executioner @entity31373 by proteolytic cleavage. Whereas crystal structures of several active caspases have been reported, no three-dimensional structure of an uncleaved caspase zymogen is available so far. We have determined the 2.9-A crystal structure of recombinant @entity1 @entity49574 procaspase-7 and have elucidated the activation mechanism of caspases. The overall fold of the homodimeric procaspase-7 resembles that of the active tetrameric @entity14544 . Each monomer is organized in two structured subdomains connected by partially flexible linkers, which asymmetrically occupy and block the central cavity, a typical feature of active caspases. This blockage is incompatible with a functional substrate binding site/active site. After proteolytic cleavage within the flexible linkers, the newly formed chain termini leave the cavity and fold outward to form stable structures. These conformational changes are associated with the formation of an intact active-site cleft. Therefore, this mechanism represents a formerly unknown type of proteinase zymogen activation.

title: Structural basis for the activation of XXXX procaspase-7.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dramatic recovery (DR) is a predictor of @entity64 outcome among others. However, after successful recanalization, systematic favorable outcome is not the rule. We sought to analyze the impact of recanalization on DR in @entity1 with acute @entity385 eligible for any revascularization strategies (either intravenous or endovascular). METHODS: We analyzed data collected between April 2007 and May 2011 in our prospective clinical registry. All @entity1 with acute @entity385 with National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale>= 10 at admission and an identification of arterial status before treatment were included. DR was defined as National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale <=3 at 24 hours or a decrease of >= 10 points within 24 hours. RESULTS: DR occurred in 75 of 255 @entity1 with acute @entity385 (29.4%). @entity1 with persistent @entity432 had a low DR rate (11.1%) than those with no documented @entity432 (36.5%) and those with @entity432 followed by recanalization (35.3%; both P<0.001). Among @entity1 with recanalization monitored by angiography, DR was higher among @entity1 with complete recanalization than among those with partial recanalization (46.8% versus 14.3%; P<0.001) and increased with tertiles of time to recanalization (Ptrend=0.002). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, grade and time to recanalization appeared independently associated with DR; the adjusted ORs were 4.17 (95% CI, 1.61-10.77) for complete recanalization and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.04-1.48) for each 30-minute time decrease. @entity1 with versus without DR more frequently had modified Rankin Scale <=1 (67.6% versus 9.0%; P<0.001) and less frequently had @entity548 (17.3% versus 33.9%; P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: DR is strongly associated with favorable clinical outcome and is dependent on complete recanalization and time to recanalization.

title: Dramatic recovery in acute XXXX is associated with arterial recanalization grade and speed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity15023 associated with ipsilateral @entity8 or @entity1141 are rare malformations. Even though they are more often diagnosed today due to the introduction of advanced, sectional imaging techniques as CT and MRI, no reliable data about the prevalence of this @entity600 are available. This study reports seven consecutive cases, with long-term follow-up in five cases (26-119 months, mean 52 months). All @entity1 underwent sonography, excretory urography, CT and MRI. Only two of seven @entity1 presented nonspecific symptoms of the lower urinary tract; five were asymptomatic. In all cases sonography revealed the cystic character of the retrovesical enlargement. The anatomy of the lower pelvis was most accurately shown on MRI, which depicted the ectopic insertion of the ureter into the seminal vesicle in five cases. Cysts demonstrated high signal intensities in T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images. In five cases the CT density was over 40 HU. Whereas one @entity1 (15 years) presented significant enlargement of the cysts 10 years after primary diagnosis with compression of the urinary bladder, four @entity1 showed no changes of their @entity600 in the follow-up examinations. The present data therefore support the concept of treating only symptomatic @entity1 .

title: [Seminal vesicle cysts associated with ipsilateral XXXX . Diagnosis, and long-term clinical course].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal agenesis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity15023 :: ('MESH:C537244', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital seminal vesicle cysts']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal agenesis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between @entity1 and @entity1 in terms of suicide age, suicide method and suicide reason in @entity233 . This study recruited 17,327 cases that had committed suicide between 1990 and 2000. Of all the cases who committed suicide during a period of 11 years, 61.1% were @entity1 , 38.9% @entity1 . The highest suicide score fell into the age group 15-24 (P<0.001). The most frequently used methods for suicide were self-hanging (48.2%) and use of firearms (19.2%) (P<0.001). The proportion of those committing suicide taking chemicals (drugs, etc.) was higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 (P<0.001). The most frequently seen reasons for suicide were illness and (33.8%) unsatisfactory relationships (33.0%) (P<0.001, each one). @entity1 committed suicide much more because of unsatisfactory relationships, whereas for @entity1 it was due to illness (20.8% and 14.6%, respectively). There were significant differences between @entity1 and @entity1 in terms of suicide age, suicide method and suicide reason in @entity233 . When evaluating suicide cases it is essential that the differences between sexes be taken into consideration.

title: Sexual differences in the completed suicides in XXXX .

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: @entity2951 -induced inactivation of sensory neurons has been reported to enhance @entity3 of a @entity19 @entity0 cell line, specifically enhancing myocardial metastases. Here we characterized changes in gene expression patterns in @entity5 which developed in @entity2951 -treated vs. control @entity19 . We identified a small cohort of genes (17) which all showed significant decreases in expression levels. All of the identified genes have been linked to cell growth, differentiation, and/or @entity5 progression. Three representative genes, Caspase-7 (an executor of apoptosis), ADAM-10 (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease), and @entity2498 -3 (a transcriptional repressor of the ternary factor subfamily of the Ets factors) were further investigated. All three showed dramatic downregulation at the protein level in @entity5 from @entity2951 -treated animals compared with control (vehicle-treated) animals, and their expression was also lost in cell culture. @entity2498 -3 and Caspase-7 were not expressed in vitro in cultured cell lines, suggesting that their expression was induced by the @entity5 microenvironment. Loss of Caspase-7 expression can be expected to result in loss of function of apoptotic pathways. At first glance, loss of ADAM-10 expression would be expected to result in decreased invasive capability, due to loss of matrix metalloprotease activity. However, just the opposite appears to be true. We found that ADAM-10 actually hydrolyzes Substance P. Specifically ADAM-10 produces the same growth-inhibitory products from Substance P (i.e., SP (1-7)) that Neprilysin does, so that loss of ADAM-10 expression actually results in loss of production of growth inhibitory peptides from Substance P. Similarly, ADAM-10 also efficiently hydrolyzes @entity175 Gene-Related Peptide, which may act in concert with Substance P. Finally, overactivity of Ets transcriptional suppressor functions has been linked to inhibition of tumorigenesis (e.g., Erf and Mef), and in addition loss of @entity2498 -3 expression might also be be linked to tumorigenesis via loss of its putative anti-inflammatory activities. There is anecdotal evidence in the literature to indicate that the rest of the down-regulated genes may also contribute to development of a more @entity146 phenotype in this @entity0 model.

title: @entity2951 -induced inactivation of sensory neurons promotes a more @entity146 gene expression phenotype in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the immediate and long-term clinical results of 2 different surgical procedures for the treatment of asymmetrical @entity1376 (AMG). BACKGROUND: Half of the @entity1 presenting with a single benign thyroid nodule have contralateral subclinical disease. There is a controversy whether these @entity1 should be treated with hemithyroidectomy (HMT) or with a more extensive procedure. METHODS: Adult @entity1 with a benign unilateral dominant nodule and contralateral nodule(s) with a diameter of less than 10 mm detected on neck ultrasonography were randomized to HMT or Dunhill (DUN). Rates of complications, remnant growth, incidental @entity189 , and reoperation were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 118 @entity1 (F/M:110/8, mean age 43 years) were included and randomized: 65 to HMT and 53 to DUN. After randomization, 28 @entity1 were excluded leaving 47 HMT and 43 DUN long-term (55    35 months) evaluable @entity1 . Mean nodule size was 38 and 6 mm for the dominant and contralateral nodules, respectively. No differences were found in operative time, accidental parathyroidectomy, @entity8611 . Transient @entity3747 was more common in DUN (30% vs 8%; P < 0.001). No permanent complications were observed. At the last follow-up visit, thyroid-stimulating hormone was similar in both groups. Remnant growth (20 vs 0%; P < 0.001), appearance of new nodules (55 vs 14%; P < 0.001), and overall reoperation rate (9.2 vs 1.8%, P = 0.2) were more common in HMT, mostly because of undiagnosed @entity5 requiring completion thyroidectomy. Thirty percent of HMTs developed @entity1375 and required long-term T4 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: DUN appears superior to HMT for the treatment of AMG in terms of early reoperation for missed @entity189 and disease progression. Both procedures have a similarly uneventful postoperative course.

title: A randomized trial of hemithyroidectomy versus Dunhill for the surgical management of asymmetrical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid autotransplantation, or wound complications']

answer: @entity1376 :: (MESH:C564546,Disease) :: ['multinodular goiter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is associated with progressive @entity2057 and reduced local expression of @entity442 ( @entity442 ). DESIGN: The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the local deficiency of @entity442 in the skeletal muscle of @entity1 with @entity712 would respond to a 6-months aerobic training intervention. Therefore, 18 @entity1 [mean age 52.4 (SD 4.8) years, left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) 27 (SD 6)%] were prospectively randomized to either 6 months of training or sedentary lifestyle. METHODS: Serum levels of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) were measured by immunofluorometric assay, @entity442 by competitive solid phase immunoassay. @entity442 expression was assessed in vastus lateralis biopsies by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Exercise training led to a significant increase in peak @entity26 uptake by 26% [from 20.3 (SD 3.3) ml/kg per min to 25.5 (SD 5.7) ml/kg per min, P=0.003 versus control]. Local expression of @entity442 increased significantly after exercise training by 81% [from 6.3 (SE 0.8) to 11.4 (SE 1.4) relative units, P=0.007 versus control] while @entity2856 expression was reduced by 33% [from 20.0 (SE 2.1) to 13.8 (SE 1.7) relative units, P=0.008 versus control]. Serum @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) rose modestly from 0.12 (SE 0.07) to 0.65 (SE 0.37) ng/ml in the training group (P=0.043 versus baseline), however, this change was not significant compared to the control group (P=0.848). @entity442 serum levels remained virtually unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training improves local @entity442 expression without significant changes of systemic parameters of the @entity2124 / @entity442 axis. These findings indicate that exercise training has the therapeutic potential to attenuate peripheral skeletal muscle alterations in particular with respect to local @entity442 expression in @entity1 with moderate @entity712 .

title: Effects of exercise training on insulin-like growth factor-I expression in the skeletal muscle of non-cachectic XXXX with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']