abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of anterior decompression, bone graft and internal fixation in treating fourth lumbar @entity174 with iliac fenestration. METHODS: From February 2001 to May 2006, 8 cases of fourth lumbar @entity174 were treated by anterior decompression, correction, reduction, iliac autograft, Z-plate internal fixation with-iliac fenestration. Of them, there were 7 males and 1 female, aging 24-46 years with an average of 29.3 years, including 3 cases of @entity1129 and 5 cases of Denis type B. The decompression, intervertebral height were compared between preoperation and postoperation by CT scanning. According to Frankel assessment for neurological status, 2 cases were at grade C, 5 at grade D and 1 at grade E before operation. Four cases had different degrees of disturbance of sphincter. Time from injury to operation was 8 hours to 11 days. The preoperative height of the anterior border of the L4 vertebral body was (13.8 +/- 2.3) mm, the Cobb angel of fractured vertebral body was (13.2 +/- 2.5) degrees, the vertebral canal sagittal diameter of L4 was (10.6 +/- 3.5) mm. The bone graft volume was (7.5 +/- 1.3) cm3 during operation. RESULTS: Operations were performed successfully. The mean operative time was (142 +/- 25) minutes and the mean amount of @entity190 was (436 +/- 39) mL. The incisions obtained healing by first intention after operation. Two cases suffered donor site @entity158 and received no treatment. The follow-up time of 8 cases was from 21 months to 52 months (mean 24.5 months). At one week after operation, the height of the anterior border of the L4 vertebral body was (32.5 +/- 2.6) mm, the Cobb angel of fractured vertebral body was (6.8 +/- 3.7) degrees, and the vertebral canal sagittal diameter of L4 was (19.8 +/- 5.1) mm, showing significant difference when compared with those of preoperation (P < 0.01). At the final follow-up, the results showed that the pressure was reduced sufficiently, all autograft fused well, the neurological status improved at Frankel grade from C to D in 1 @entity1 , from D to E in 3 @entity1 , but the others had no improvement. In 4 @entity1 who had disturbance of sphincter, 3 restored to normal and 1 was better off. CONCLUSION: Clinical outcomes of anterior surgery for fourth lumbar @entity174 with iliac fenestration are satisfactory. It can facilitate operation, reduce the pressure sufficiently, maintenance intervertebral height and recover the neurological function.

title: [Anterior surgery for fourth lumbar XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['burst fractures']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['Denis type A']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['burst fractures']


abstract: Echocardiographic studies were performed in 190 consecutive @entity1 with @entity340 . All @entity1 had either @entity339 or holosystolic hammock-like movement of the valve in systole. Thirteen @entity1 (7 percent) were noted to have @entity397 . In four @entity1 , a @entity854 was observed. Five @entity1 had clinical and bacteriologic evidence of @entity884 , two of whom had severe intractable @entity3126 consequent to @entity339 which required mitral valvular replacement. At surgery, one of these @entity1 had @entity397 to both leaflets, and the other had @entity397 of the posterior leaflet. The other @entity1 probably had spontaneous rupture of the chordae tendineae. A spectrum of clinical findings was noted. Six @entity1 had marked @entity339 , while two had isolated systolic clicks. Thus, @entity397 does not always result in severe hemodynamic deterioration. Serial echocardiographic studies will be of value in studying the natural history and progression of disease in @entity1 with @entity397 .

title: Incidence of @entity397 in the mitral XXXX : an echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['acute mitral regurgitation', 'midsystolic posterior motion of the mitral valve', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['combination of abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured chordae tendineae', 'chordal rupture']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valvular prolapse']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular prolapse syndrome']


abstract: 1. @entity1811 ( @entity1811 )-inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of @entity1283 when used in antihypertensive doses. The aim of our one year study with an @entity1811 -inhibitor in @entity35 was to separate local cardiac effects produced by a non-antihypertensive dose from those on systemic blood pressure when an antihypertensive dose was used. 2. @entity35 made @entity101 by aortic banding were subjected to chronic oral treatment for one year with an antihypertensive dose of the @entity1811 inhibitor, @entity3372 1 mg kg-1 daily, (RA 1 mg) or received a low dose of 10 micrograms kg-1 daily (RA 10 micrograms) which did not affect high blood pressure. 3. Chronic treatment with the @entity1811 -inhibitor prevented @entity4346 in the antihypertensive @entity35 as did the low dose which had no effects on blood pressure. Similar effects were observed on @entity296 . Plasma @entity1811 activity was inhibited in the RA 1 mg but not in the RA 10 micrograms group although conversion of angiotensin (Ang) I to Ang II in isolated aortic strips was suppressed in both treated groups. Plasma @entity2661 were increased in the untreated control group, but treatment with either dose of @entity3372 normalized the values. The myocardial @entity1734 to @entity855 ratio (an indicator of the energy state in the heart) was reduced in the vehicle control group whereas the hearts from treated animals showed a normal ratio comparable to hearts from sham-operated animals. 4. After one year, five animals were separated from each group, treatment withdrawn, and housed for additional six months. In the RA 1 mg group, blood pressure did not reach the value of the control vehicle group and surprisingly, @entity4346 and @entity296 did not recur in animals during withdrawal of treatment.5. These data show that long term @entity1811 inhibitor treatment with @entity3372 in antihypertensive and non-antihypertensive doses prevented @entity1283 and @entity296 . This protective effect was still present after 6 months treatment withdrawal.

title: @entity3372 prevents XXXX with @entity296 without blood pressure reduction: a one year study in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: AIMS: We conducted a retrospective analysis in order to evaluate the impact of age on @entity1 aged less than 35 years affected by @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1972 and December 2006, 346 @entity1 aged less than 35 years underwent adjuvant treatment at Florence University. The mean age of the @entity1 population was 32 years (range 22-35): 76 @entity1 were under 30 years old, the remaining were above 30 years old. RESULTS: In our series, 215 @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy to whole breast after conservative surgery, 131 @entity1 underwent mastectomy without subsequent radiation therapy and 323 @entity1 had lymphadenectomy; 191 @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy, 73 with @entity4349 -containing regimen. With a median time of 2.5 years (range 6 months to 27.6 years) local relapses were observed in 67 cases (19.4%). At the multivariate analysis of local disease-free survival, ductal and ductal plus lobular histotypes, having more than 3 positive nodes, and age emerged as independent significant relapse predictors (p = 0.018, p = 0.0005, p = 0.003 and p = 0.024, respectively). For the DSS analysis, the median follow-up was 6.8 years (range 0.6-36.7 years). At the multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.0038), positive nodes (p = 0.0035) and distant metastases (p < 0.0001) resulted to be independent death predictors. @entity1 younger than 30 had a worse prognosis. At the univariate analysis also local relapse resulted to be statistically significant (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4349 -based chemotherapy seems to improve the outcome of these @entity1 . However, there is an urgent need for tailored treatment investigations within the framework of randomized, controlled clinical trials.

title: The impact of young age on XXXX outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity10545 and @entity13626 of the spine are rare lesions in childhood, and management strategies have changed. The authors reviewed their recent experience with these 2 types of lesions to elucidate current treatment modalities and outcomes. METHODS: Case records and radiographic images from all cases of @entity10545 and @entity13626 diagnosed between 1993 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed, including those managed nonsurgically. RESULTS: Thirty cases were identified; 22 were treated surgically and 8 were managed nonsurgically. The @entity1 ' mean age at presentation was 13 years (range 3-17 years). Of 30 @entity1 , 29 (97%) presented with @entity158 ; 7 (23%) had @entity1635 at presentation; 12 (40%) experienced relief with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication. @entity10545 was diagnosed in 7 (32%) of the 22 @entity1 who underwent surgery, and @entity13626 in 15 (68%). Nine (41%) of the 22 surgically treated @entity1 underwent fusion procedures (bone onlay or instrumentation) at the time of surgery. @entity158 freedom without medication had been achieved in 16 (73%) of the 22 surgically treated @entity1 at a mean follow-up of 28 months (range 2-75 months) and was confirmed in 3 (38%) of the 8 nonsurgically treated @entity1 at a mean follow-up of 33 months (range 24-51 months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10545 and @entity13626 can present challenging management problems in pediatric @entity1 . In the majority of cases in which conservative therapy fails or pathological diagnosis is required, surgery using modern intraoperative imaging and spinal instrumentation can provide symptom relief and @entity5 control.

title: XXXX and @entity10545 of the spine in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastoma', 'osteoblastomas']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma', 'Osteoid osteoma', 'Osteoid osteomas']

answer: @entity13626 :: (MESH:D018215,Disease) :: ['Management of osteoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The intention of this study was the prospective analysis of @entity26907 after paramedian pons @entity1188 . METHODS: @entity1 with paramedian pons @entity1188 underwent MR imaging including diffusion tensor imaging at admission and got 1-3 MR scans up to 6 months of follow-up. Clinical scores and transcranial magnetic stimulation were acquired in the acute phase and 3-6 months later. The pyramidal tracts were manually segmented in fractional anisotropy (FA) color maps after coregistration of all MR datasets of each @entity1 . FA as well as axial and radial diffusivity were measured in the volume of lesioned and contralateral pyramidal tracts distally to the @entity2806 . RESULTS: From 11 @entity1 studied, 7 developed @entity6441 detected as statistically significant decrease in FA over time in the distal pyramidal tract. @entity6441 could be detected at the earliest between the first and the third days after the onset of symptoms. A continuous decrease in FA and an increase in axial and radial diffusivity in degenerating pyramidal tracts over time were demonstrated. A significant correlation between NIHSS score on admission and the slope of relative axial diffusivity and a significant correlation between motor-evoked potential amplitudes of the arm on admission and the outcome relative FA was found. CONCLUSIONS: The initial MR image cannot predict the following @entity6441 . However, the severity of motor disturbance and the motor-evoked potential of the arm on admission could be possible parameters to predict @entity6441 . For estimation of @entity6441 over time, at least 2 diffusion tensor imaging measurements have to be done at different time points.

title: @entity26907 after paramedian pons XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity26907 :: ('MESH:C531847', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration of the pyramidal tract']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: Miniaturization of clinical chemistry analyzers can empower research conducted to better understand, diagnose, manage, and cure diseases such as @entity6 . For the last decade, we have been working on the design and development of miniaturized clinical chemistry devices, including a @entity6 (diabetiChip). These devices measure a small array of analytes, are small, portable, fast, easy-to-operate, and inexpensive. The chosen analytical method for the diabetiChip uses bioluminescence, which is highly sensitive and specific, and is based on photon counting and specific enzymatic reactions. Bioluminescent reactions were intentionally chosen for analyzing metabolic reactions because they use some of the central nodes of metabolism, such as @entity855 . Operations of the diabetiChip's information processing ware are the focus of this paper; we show the feasibility of using a set of kinase-containing enzymatic reactions of a firefly bioluminescence-coupled @entity413 assay in designing the diabetiChip. We have developed and tested the feasibility of the @entity413 assay; the assay's analytical detection limits (before sample dilution) were 5-185 microM. Uncertainty associated with reporting a 100 microM concentration was about +/- 5 microM. The results show that an FFL bioluminescent-coupled @entity413 assay is promising in terms of reducing sample volume and cost. The concept of GlucoFaces in visualizing measurements of the diabetiChip is also discussed.

title: Review of designing an information processing ware for a XXXX chip.

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Chip', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) @entity1 have @entity1576 because of @entity425 and @entity912 , which impair the ability to cough. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to enhance cough in high-level @entity1566 subjects (n = 11, @entity1566 at or above T6) using surface electrical stimulation of the abdominal muscles via 2 pairs of posterolaterally placed electrodes. METHODS: From total lung capacity, subjects performed maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) efforts against a closed airway and voluntary cough efforts. Both efforts were performed with and without superimposed trains of electrical stimulation (50 Hz, 1 second) at a submaximal intensity set to evoke a gastric pressure ( @entity6987 ) of 40 cm @entity2507 at functional residual capacity. RESULTS: In the MEP effort, stimulation increased the maximal @entity6987 (from 21.4    7.0 to 59.0    5.7 cm @entity2507 ) and esophageal pressure (P(es); 47.2    11.7 to 65.6    13.6 cm @entity2507 ). During the cough efforts, stimulation increased @entity6987 (19.5    6.0 to 57.9    7.0 cm @entity2507 ) and P(es) (31.2    8.7 to 56.6    10.5 cm @entity2507 ). The increased expiratory pressures during cough efforts with stimulation increased peak expiratory flow (PEF, by 36%    5%), mean expiratory flow (by 80%    8%), and expired lung volume (by 41%    16%). In every subject, superimposed electrical stimulation improved peak expiratory flow during cough efforts (by 0.99    0.12 L/s; range, 0.41-1.80 L/s). Wearing an abdominal binder did not improve stimulated cough flows or pressures. CONCLUSIONS: The increases in P(ga) and PEF with electrical stimulation using the novel posterolateral electrode placement are 2 to 3 times greater than improvements reported in other studies. This suggests that posterolateral electrical stimulation of abdominal muscles is a simple noninvasive way to enhance cough in individuals with @entity1566 .

title: Posterolateral surface electrical stimulation of abdominal expiratory muscles to enhance cough in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Family members of @entity1 with @entity162 experience high rates of subjective and objective burden which place them at risk for adverse physical health and mental health outcomes. We present preliminary efficacy data from a novel variation of Family Focused Treatment [Miklowitz DJ. @entity162 : A Family-Focused Treatment Approach (2(nd) ed.). New York: The Guilford Press, 2008] that aimed to reduce symptoms of @entity162 by working with caregivers to enhance illness management skills and self-care. METHODS: The primary family caregivers of 46 @entity1 with @entity162 (n = 40) or II (n = 6) disorder, diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV @entity74 , were assigned randomly to receive either: (i) a 12-15-session family-focused, cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to provide the caregiver with skills for managing the relative's illness, attaining self-care goals, and reducing strain, @entity308 , and health risk behavior [Family-Focused Treatment-Health Promoting Intervention (FFT- @entity10076 )]; or (ii) an 8- to 12-session health education (HE) intervention delivered via videotapes. We assessed @entity1 pre- and post-treatment on levels of @entity308 and @entity162 and caregivers on levels of burden, health behavior, and coping. RESULTS: Randomization to FFT- @entity10076 was associated with significant decreases in caregiver @entity308 and health risk behavior. Greater reductions in @entity308 among @entity1 were also observed in the FFT- @entity10076 group. Reduction in @entity1 ' @entity308 was partially mediated by reductions in caregivers' @entity308 levels. Decreases in caregivers' @entity308 were partially mediated by reductions in caregivers' levels of avoidance coping. CONCLUSIONS: Families coping with @entity162 may benefit from family interventions as a result of changes in the caregivers' ability to manage stress and regulate their moods, even when the @entity1 is not available for treatment.

title: Family-focused treatment for caregivers of XXXX with @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar I', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis I Disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the mobilization and recruitment of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) contribute to cardioprotection in the late phase after ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC). BACKGROUND: IPC is an innate phenomenon in which brief exposure to sublethal @entity63 provides tissue protection from subsequent @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. @entity1129 also occurs after IPC, but the precise mechanism is unclear. METHODS: IPC was created with 4 cycles of 5-min occlusion and reperfusion of the abdominal aorta in @entity19 . Heart I/R injury was induced by occluding the left anterior descending artery for 30 min immediately (early phase) or 24 h (late phase) after IPC. RESULTS: Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha levels were increased significantly 1 and 3 h after IPC, but @entity22416 + and @entity22416 +/ @entity11132 + stem cells in the peripheral blood were increased significantly 12 and 24 h after IPC (p < 0.05). Compared with the control treatment, both the early and late phases of IPC protected the heart against I/R injury. However, the recruitment of BMSCs was significantly greater in the heart when I/R injury was induced in late phase than in the early phase of IPC (p < 0.01). Interestingly, the blockade of the recruitment of BMSCs significantly attenuated the cardioprotective effect of IPC in the late phase (p < 0.01) but did not change in the early phase. CONCLUSIONS: Cardioprotection was observed in the early and late phases of IPC; however, the enhanced mobilization and recruitment of BMSCs played an important role in the late phase of IPC.

title: Ischemic pre-conditioning enhances the mobilization and recruitment of bone marrow stem cells to protect against XXXX /reperfusion injury in the late phase.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A delayed cardioprotection']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: In the @entity840 , experimental @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ) and @entity9759 ( @entity9759 ) were induced with different concentrations of @entity3304 ( @entity3304 ). The epidermal Langerhans' cells (LCs) were observed sequentially by both @entity859 triphosphatase (ATPase) and electron microscopy. Light microscopically, in @entity3408 , the density and dendritic processes of LC decreased markedly within 12 h after antigen challenge. Almost no recognization LCs could be seen within 2 to 5 days. Later, LCs began to repopulate in the epidermis. Within 14 days, the density and shape of the LCs returned to normal. On the contrary, LCs changed more rapidly in @entity9759 . The dendritic processes of LC decreased within 2 h and cell density decreased dramatically within 6 h after @entity3304 application. LCs also repopulated more rapidly in the epidermis. Electron microscopically, in @entity3408 , we observed that lymphocyte-like cells apposed to LCs; LCs were activated and damaged; however, in @entity9759 , we found neither the apposition of lymphocyte-like cells to LCs, nor the activation of LCs. LCs play an important role in the convalescence phase as well as in the early and later phases of contact @entity56 .

title: Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies of the Langerhans' cells. Sequential observations in experimental contact XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity9759 :: ('MESH:D017453', 'Disease') :: ['PICD', 'primary irritant contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3304 :: ('MESH:D004137', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrochlorobenzene', 'DNCB']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic reaction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the severity of lumbar spine @entity158 and the extent to which it affects everyday activities in @entity1 treated surgically for @entity1635 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty female @entity1 who had undergone Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for @entity2112 were asked to complete a questionnaire. The mean age of the @entity1 at the time of surgery was 15.5 years, and the mean duration of post-operative follow-up was 2.5 years. The mean pre-operative Cobb angle in the thoracic spine was 55.4 degrees, SD 9.0; the post-operative Cobb angle in the thoracic spine was 18.7 degrees, SD 8.4. The mean pre-operative Cobb angle of @entity1635 was 29.6 degrees, SD 8.0; the post-operative Cobb angle value in this area was 10.7 degrees, SD 7.9. The findings of the study were compared to data from 42 healthy @entity1 with no clinical diagnosis of @entity1635 or any other @entity2383 of the spine. The Revised Oswestry Low Back @entity158 Disability Index was used in this study. RESULTS: The mean Revised Oswestry Low Back @entity158 Disability Index score for limited function in the group of @entity1 with @entity2112 was 12.7 %, compared to 12.3% in the control group, which means that the @entity1 in the study group were able to cope with most activities. These results were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The study shows that @entity158 occurred relatively rarely in @entity1 with @entity2112 during the post-operative follow-up period defined in this study and, as in their age-matched controls, it did not affect the everyday functioning of the @entity1 .

title: Assessment of XXXX severity and function of lumbar spine in @entity2112 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'compensatory lumbar scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural or functional disorders']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment of superficial @entity715 of the dorsal penile vein - the most common complication of subinguinal varicocelectomy - and analyse the possible mechanisms involved in the development of the condition. @entity1 AND METHODS: The clinical records of 326 @entity1 who underwent varicocele repair during the last 10 years was reviewed. The technique used was subinguinal varicocelectomy with arterial preservation. A mini-Doppler probe was used during surgery for artery identification. We report on the postoperative complications of varicocelectomy, with special attention to superficial dorsal penile vein @entity715 , and provide a detailed description of the anatomy of the superficial venous system of the penis. RESULTS: Complications usually associated with varicocele surgery occurred in less than 1% of @entity1 . However, the most common complication in our series was superficial dorsal penile vein @entity715 , which occurred in 2.1% of @entity1 . The use of the mini-Doppler probe allowed us to identify and preserve the arteries in all 326 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Subinguinal varicocelectomy with intra-operative use of a mini-Doppler probe is a rapid and safe technique. The outcomes and complications are similar to those reported for subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy. Superficial dorsal penile vein @entity715 is a benign self-limited condition whose association with subinguinal varicocelectomy has not been previously reported.

title: Superficial dorsal penile vein XXXX : a little-known complication of subinguinal varicocelectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Dosage compensation in male @entity238 relies on the X chromosome-specific recruitment of a chromatin-modifying machinery, the dosage compensation complex (DCC). The principles that assure selective targeting of the DCC are unknown. According to a prevalent model, X chromosome targeting is initiated by recruitment of the DCC core components, @entity27051 and @entity27052 , to a limited number of so-called "high-affinity sites" ( @entity3337 ). Only very few such sites are known at the DNA sequence level, which has precluded the definition of DCC targeting principles. Combining RNA interference against DCC subunits, limited crosslinking, and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to probing high-resolution DNA microarrays, we identified a set of 131 @entity3337 for @entity27051 and @entity27052 and confirmed their properties by various means. The @entity3337 sites are distributed all over the X chromosome and are functionally important, since the extent of dosage compensation of a given gene and its proximity to a @entity3337 are positively correlated. The sites are mainly located on non-coding parts of genes and predominantly map to regions that are devoid of nucleosomes. In contrast, the bulk of @entity18040 binding is in coding regions and is marked by histone H3K36 methylation. Within the @entity3337 , repetitive DNA sequences mainly based on GA and CA @entity2354 are enriched. Interestingly, DCC subcomplexes bind a small number of autosomal locations with similar features.

title: The chromosomal high-affinity binding sites for the XXXX dosage compensation complex.

entities_list: @entity2354 :: ('CHEBI:47885', 'Chemical') :: ['dinucleotides']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to develop a reproducible model of multivessel @entity453 including a total occlusion of one vessel and a @entity850 of an adjacent vessel in chronically instrumented @entity235 . Utilizing sterile techniques, we surgically prepared @entity235 for measurement of heart rate, arterial pressure, left ventricular pressure, and blood flow velocity in the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) and left circumflex (LCCA) coronary arteries. A hydraulic occluder and Ameroid constrictor were implanted around the @entity1347 and LCCA, respectively. Pairs of piezoelectric crystals were implanted within the subendocardium of the @entity1347 and LCCA perfusion territories to measure regional contractile function (segment shortening). A catheter was placed in the left atrial appendage for injection of radioactive microspheres to measure regional myocardial perfusion. Beginning on the second day following implantation, 25, 50, and 100 micrograms bolus injections of @entity859 were administered daily via the left atrium to evaluate @entity1347 and LCCA coronary reserve. Although @entity1347 reserve remained intact, the hyperemic response of the LCCA was progressively attenuated as @entity850 severity increased during slow closure of the Ameroid constrictor. When the LCCA vasodilator response to @entity859 was reduced by 50% (moderate @entity850 ; no change in resting flow velocity) or 70% (severe @entity850 ; 20% reduction in resting flow velocity), the @entity1347 was acutely occluded (via inflation of the hydraulic occluder) to simulate multivessel @entity453 . After a hemodynamic steady state was established during @entity1563 , radioactive microspheres were administered to compare regional perfusion within normal @entity1562 to flow in @entity1562 supplied by the occluded or stenotic coronary arteries. In @entity235 with a @entity850 of moderate severity, transmural myocardial blood flow was significantly decreased (-83%) only in the occluded zone. However, in @entity235 with a severe @entity3979 , reductions in perfusion in both stenotic (-31%) and occluded (-87%) regions were demonstrated. @entity450 ratios were significantly reduced in both stenotic and totally occluded regions in the presence of severe @entity850 , but this occurred only in the occluded ( @entity1347 ) zone of @entity235 with a moderate @entity850 . This preparation provides a model whereby the vasodilator reserve of a progressively constricted coronary artery can be quantified and simultaneously compared to the reserve of a normal vessel. With acute occlusion of the normal artery, a multivessel disease state can be simulated and verified by measurement of regional myocardial perfusion. The model is reproducible, free of the influence of anesthesia and acutely performed surgery, and the degree of @entity850 is easily varied over time.

title: A model of multivessel @entity453 using conscious, chronically instrumented XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Subendocardial/subepicardial flow']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['LCCA stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) is an effective treatment in @entity3149 ( @entity3149 ), but concerns on its use during pregnancy are remarkable. @entity4677 ( @entity29279 ) is approved as second-line therapy, and used as monotherapy in clinical practice. Our objective was to analyze the outcome of @entity29279 and @entity3262 in @entity3149 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed @entity1 with @entity3149 attending our @entity302 unit between 2010 and 2014, including all @entity1 treated with @entity29279 and/or @entity3262 at some point of the disease course. The primary end point was drug retention rate in monotherapy after the final analysis. RESULTS: We identified 58 @entity1 (62% @entity1 ). All had @entity410 , 86% had generalized @entity410 (GTCS) before the diagnosis, and 9% also had absences. All had generalized spike and wave on the interictal electroencephalogram, and 86% of them also had generalized polyspike and wave discharges. In total, @entity29279 monotherapy was maintained in 15 (65%) of 23 @entity1 , and @entity3262 was maintained in 37 (74%) of 50 @entity1 (P = 0.062). In @entity1 younger than 35 years, @entity29279 had a similar retention rate with @entity3262 (P = 0.939). More @entity3262 @entity1 achieved @entity410 freedom during follow-up (P < 0.01), whereas @entity29279 @entity1 showed a trend toward higher myoclonic freedom (0.085). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4677 showed lower retention rate than @entity3262 , primarily due to poorer @entity410 control during long-term follow-up. More @entity29279 @entity1 achieved @entity410 freedom than @entity3262 @entity1 . In @entity1 younger than 35 years, @entity29279 and @entity3262 had comparable retention rate; therefore, @entity29279 could be a good option for @entity1 with @entity3149 with prominent @entity410 .

title: XXXX and @entity1092 Retention Rate in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'myoclonic seizure', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile myoclonic epilepsy', 'JME']

answer: @entity4677 :: (MESH:C026098,Chemical) :: ['Levetiracetam']


abstract: A prospective randomized study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of additional regional cytostatic perfusion of the extremities in @entity1 with @entity320 . In a control group (n = 54), the @entity5 were widely excised, and regional lymph nodes were dissected. The @entity1 in the perfusion group (n = 53) received additional hyperthermic (42 degrees C) perfusion with Melphalan. The disease-free survival time was chosen as the criterion for evaluation. An intermediate analysis revealed a highly significant difference between the 2 groups (21 recurrences in the control group and 4 recurrences in the perfusion group, p less than 0.001). Therefore, the study was discontinued prematurely. In an analysis of the data performed after a median observation time of 5 years and 11 months, 26 recurrences were diagnosed in the control group, whereas 6 recurrences were noted in the perfusion group (p less than 0.001). The retrospective breakdown into different risk groups according to @entity5 thickness also demonstrates a significant difference. For @entity1 with a @entity5 of 1.5-3.0-mm in thickness, 2 of 25 in the perfusion group and 10 of 25 in the control group have relapsed. For those with a @entity5 of greater than 3.0-mm in thickness, 4 of 28 in the perfusion group and 16 of 29 in the control group have relapsed. Eleven @entity1 in the control group and 3 @entity1 in the perfusion group have died due to metastatic spread of the @entity320 (p less than 0.01). The results most clearly demonstrate the benefits of additional hyperthermic cytostatic perfusion.

title: Hyperthermic perfusion with chemotherapy for XXXX of the extremities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations between the use of @entity117 and the incidences of @entity65 , @entity5 , and other @entity102 . DESIGN: Postal questionnaire survey to elicit details of @entity117 use. SETTING: Californian retirement community. SUBJECTS: All 22,781 residents of the community (white, affluent, and well educated) were sent a questionnaire that included questions on medical history and the use of drugs such as analgesics, laxatives, and vitamin supplements. In all 61% responded (13,987, 8881 @entity1 and 5106 @entity1 ; median age 73). They formed the cohort that was followed up for 6 1/2 years using discharge summaries from three hospitals serving the area and death certificates from the health department. Only 13 respondents were lost to follow up but seemed not to have died. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidences of @entity65 , @entity5 , @entity360 , @entity1066 , and @entity231 were compared in @entity1 who did and did not take @entity117 daily. RESULTS: Age adjusted incidences were computed with an internal standard and five age groups. By 1 January 1988 there had been 25 incident cases of @entity703 among all @entity1 ; 341 incident cases of @entity64 , 253 of @entity583 , 220 of @entity299 , and 317 of other @entity299 were reported among respondents without a reported history of @entity951 , @entity583 , or @entity64 . The incidence of @entity703 was raised among those who took @entity117 daily compared with those who did not take it, although the increase was significant only in @entity1 (relative risks = 6.3, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 17, for @entity1 and 2.1, 0.53 to 8.5, for @entity1 ). Those who took @entity117 daily showed no increased risk of any other @entity5 , except @entity694 for both sexes combined (relative risk = 1.5, 1.1 to 2.2). The risk of @entity583 was reduced slightly among regular users of @entity117 in @entity1 but not @entity1 . The risk of @entity299 was almost doubled in those who took @entity117 daily compared with non-users (relative risks = 1.9, 1.1 to 3.1, for @entity1 and 1.7, 1.1 to 2.7, for @entity1 ). Small, non-significant increased risks of @entity64 were observed in both sexes. CONCLUSION: The daily use of @entity117 increased the risk of @entity703 and @entity299 .

title: XXXX use and @entity102 : a cohort study of the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gingival overgrowth is a side-effect of @entity594 and @entity205 medications. Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate cell adhesion, regulate cell proliferation and participate in the regulation of tissue @entity82 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether expression of epithelial cell integrins is linked to the development of drug-induced @entity8032 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 gingival biopsies of @entity1 taking @entity594 , @entity205 , or a combination of both medications, were used. Expression of the alpha5beta1, alphavbeta1 and alphavbeta6 integrins, and of cellular extra domain A of fibronectin, was localized in frozen sections using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The activated conformation of the @entity8652 integrins were more frequently expressed in distinct locations in the oral epithelium in the combined drug group. Cellular extra domain A of fibronectin, a ligand for both alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta6 integrins, was expressed within the connective tissue of all groups. It was also expressed around the basal keratinocytes of the control, @entity594 and @entity205 -induced @entity8032 groups, but not in the combined medication group. No relationship between the presence of @entity32 and integrin expression was found. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that expression of certain integrins is up-regulated in the epithelium of drug-induced @entity8032 where they could participate in controlling the formation of @entity1062 and tissue @entity82 .

title: Expression of fibronectin-binding integrins in gingival epithelium in drug-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8652 :: ('3779', 'Gene') :: ['beta1, alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta6']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['elongated rete ridges']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['gingival overgrowth']

answer: @entity8032 :: (MESH:D019214,Disease) :: ['gingival overgrowth']


abstract: PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the investigation of choice for detecting structural lesions that underlie and may accompany @entity302 . Despite advances in imaging technology, 20-30% of @entity1 with refractory @entity1625 have normal MRI scans. We evaluated the role of repeated imaging with improved MRI technology - an increase in field strength from 1.5T to 3T and superior head coils - in detecting pathology not previously seen. METHODS: Retrospective review of a large cohort of @entity1 attending a tertiary @entity302 referral centre who underwent MRI at 1.5T (1995-2004) and subsequently 3T (2004-2011) with improved head coils. Scan reports were reviewed for the diagnoses and medical notes for the @entity302 classification. RESULTS: 804 @entity1 underwent imaging on both scanners, the majority with @entity1625 (87%). On repeat scanning at 3T, 37% of scans were normal and 20% showed incidental findings. Positive findings included @entity131 (13%), @entity6795 (8%), other abnormalities (4%) and previous surgery (18%). A total of 37 (5%) relevant new diagnoses were made on the 3T scans not previously seen at 1.5T. The most common new findings were @entity131 , focal @entity6795 and @entity5 . These findings affected @entity1 management with several @entity1 undergoing neurosurgery. CONCLUSIONS: The higher field strength and improved head coils were associated with a clinically relevant increased diagnostic yield from MRI. This highlights the importance of technological advances and suggests that rescanning @entity1 with @entity1625 and previously negative scans is clinically beneficial.

title: The value of repeat neuroimaging for XXXX at a tertiary referral centre: 16 years of experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia', 'malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the toxic effects occurring in the liver tissues of the pregnant @entity35 and the fetuses, which are administered @entity3323 and @entity270 as a protector during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was conducted with the permission of laboratory animals ethical board of Inonu University Faculty of Medicine. 40 @entity35 , of which their pregnancy is validated via vaginal smear, were distributed into five different groups. On the 20(th) day of pregnancy pregnant @entity35 and fetuses are decapitated. @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), total antioxidant status (TAS), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity3624 oxidase (XO) levels were measured in the liver samples taken from mother and fetuses. RESULTS: It was detected that @entity3323 administered during pregnancy increased @entity1865 , @entity66 , XO levels statistically significantly and decreased the @entity6172 level (p  <= 0.05) in the pregnant @entity35 liver tissue when compared to all other groups. In the @entity270 administered group; @entity6172 , TAS levels significantly increased statistically and @entity66 and XO levels dropped to levels of the control group (p  <= 0.05), in comparison to all other groups. Among all groups, no biochemical changes were observed in the fetus liver tissue (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Due to the reason that the liver of pregnant @entity35 functioned as a protective pre-filter by detoxifying @entity3323 effectively or the @entity3323 that reaches fetus liver is detoxified by the cytochrome P-450 system of the fetus liver. To be able to figure out the biochemichal mechanism, more advanced studies are needed.

title: Biochemical Investigation of the Toxic Effects of @entity3323 Administration During Pregnancy on the Liver of Mother and Fetus and the Protective Role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['total oxidant status', 'TOS']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin E']


abstract: Blood pressure within prehypertensive levels confers higher cardiovascular risk by two means. At first, these levels are associated with higher risk for @entity65 , starting at BP values as low as 115/75 mmHg, and doubling at each 20 mmHg for systolic or 10 mmHg for diastolic BP. @entity1556 is also an intermediate stage for full @entity101 , which develops in an annual rate of 7 out 100 individuals with 40-50 years of age. The precocious drug intervention in @entity1 with @entity1556 is therefore appealing. In individuals with previous @entity65 or @entity6 the use of BP-lowering agents is compulsory, since the 18-42% reduction of major @entity65 demonstrated in randomized clinical trials translates in palpable clinical benefit. In the absence of higher baseline risk, the absolute benefit of treatment is presumably small and was not demonstrated to date. These individuals could be candidate to treatment with the aim to prevent the development of full @entity101 . The long-lasting effectiveness of non-drug therapies is low outside the controlled conditions of randomized clinical trials, and there are evidences that the use of BP-lowering drugs reduces the incidence of @entity101 in individuals with @entity1556 by more than 60%. Clinical trials testing the efficacy and safety of BP agents to prevent @entity101 in a population-based perspective are required. In the meantime, it is worthy to present the option to start low doses of BP agents for individuals with @entity1556 without co-morbidities who do not respond to the prescription of lifestyle modification.

title: XXXX : the rationale for early drug therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['Prehypertension', 'prehypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1556 :: (MESH:D058246,Disease) :: ['Prehypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on risk factors of recurrent @entity6981 (RBV) are still scarce. We used data from @entity250 ( @entity250 ) participating in a randomized controlled microbicide trial to examine predictors of BV recurrence. METHODS: Trial's @entity1 with at least an episode of BV which was treated and/or followed by a negative BV result and at least one subsequent visit offering BV testing were included in the analysis. Behavioural and medical data were collected monthly while laboratory testing for @entity5860 were performed quarterly. The Andersen-Gill proportional hazards model was used to determine predictors of BV recurrence both in bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: 440 @entity1 were included and the incidence rate for @entity17734 was 20.8 recurrences/100 @entity1 -months (95% confidence interval (CI) =18.1-23.4). In the multivariate analysis controlling for the study site, recent vaginal cleansing as reported at baseline with adjusted hazard-ratio (aHR)=1.30, 95% CI = 1.02-1.64 increased the risk of BV recurrence, whereas consistent condom use (CCU) with the primary partner (aHR=0.68, 95% CI=0.49-0.93) and @entity365 (aHR=0.70, 95% CI=0.53-0.93), both treated as time-dependent variables, were associated with decreased risk of RBV. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the importance of counselling high-risk @entity1 with RBV about the adverse effects of vaginal cleansing and the protective effects of condom use with all types of partners for the prevention of @entity2953 , including BV. More prospective studies on risk factors of BV recurrence are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration: NCT00153777.

title: Behavioural and medical predictors of @entity6981 recurrence among XXXX : longitudinal analysis from a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections']

entities_list: @entity5860 :: ('MESH:D060737', 'Disease') :: ['STI and genital tract infections']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial vaginosis']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['female sex workers', 'FSW']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['female sex workers']


abstract: This review analysis consists of the antitumor activity and @entity137 reported in single agent Phase I clinical trials using cytotoxic compounds published from 1972 to 1987. A total of 6639 @entity1 with a variety of solid @entity5 and @entity1583 were accrued in 211 trials studying 87 compounds. The median number of @entity1 per trial was 28 (range: 7-111) and the median of the median ages reported in the individual trial was 56 (range of individual age: 2 to 93 years). Ten percent of the trials enrolled pediatric @entity1 (less than 18 years), but the exact numbers of @entity1 were not always given or separated from the adult @entity1 . Nine percent of the @entity1 had received no prior treatment, 75% were pretreated either with chemotherapy alone (50%) or radio- plus chemotherapy (25%). Radiotherapy alone was administered to 11% of the @entity1 and the remaining 5% of the @entity1 received prior treatments which was not specified. The most frequent @entity5 types were those of the gastrointestinal tract (22%) and the respiratory tract (19%). The frequency of the remaining @entity5 was less than 10% of all @entity1 . There were 23 (0.3%) complete responders and 279 (4.2%) partial responders for an overall response rate of 4.5% among all entries. @entity137 deaths were rare and reported in only 31 @entity1 (0.5% of the entire population). Responses were usually observed in chemosensitive @entity5 types. Despite a low response rate reported during the first phase of cytotoxic drug development, the present analysis shows that some therapeutic benefit can be achieved.

title: Responses and XXXX in phase I clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic deaths', 'Toxic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic deaths']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Palliation of malignant @entity1084 remains challenging. Although there are 2 established treatment options, ie, surgical gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic duodenal stent insertion, there is an ongoing search for a technique that would combine the safety and rapid effect of duodenal stent placement with the long-term efficacy and low reintervention rate of a surgical gastrojejunostomy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and success rate of endoscopic creation of a gastroenteric @entity254 formed by magnetic compression and stent placement. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter cohort study. SETTING: Four referral centers. @entity1 : The expected number of @entity1 with symptomatic malignant @entity1084 to be included at the participating hospitals during a year was 40. Because of a serious adverse device event, the study was terminated after inclusion of 18 @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Creation of an endoscopic gastroenteric @entity254 by using the Cook Magnetic Anastomosis Device with transanastomotic deployment of a self-expandable stent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Primary endpoints were safety and success rate associated with the creation of an endoscopic gastrojejunostomy by using a magnetic anastomotic device with transanastomotic deployment of a self-expandable stent. RESULTS: Because of a serious adverse event, the study was terminated prematurely. A success rate of 66.7% (12 of 18 @entity1 ) was achieved; 1 serious adverse event (stent perforation) occurred leading to the death of the @entity1 . Three @entity1 (25%) experienced an adverse device effect (stent migration). LIMITATIONS: Small sample size, lack of a control group. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic creation of a gastroenteric @entity254 by magnetic compression is feasible and safe; however, the necessity of a stent led to serious morbidity and even mortality in this study. The current system can therefore not be recommended for clinical use.

title: Endoscopic magnetic gastroenteric @entity254 for palliation of malignant XXXX : a prospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity1084 :: (MESH:D017219,Disease) :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a case of bilateral @entity3283 caused by Pseudomonas in a disposable soft contact lens wearer. This case study discusses the role of @entity1 examination, contact lens care instruction, and adequate @entity1 supervision in reducing the risk of serious potential complications. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 17 year old student who had been using disposable soft contact lenses on an extended wear basis for 6 months presented complaining of @entity3856 . When he was examined, a corneal @entity1066 with surrounding infiltrate was observed in the superior middle periphery of the left eye. Samples were collected for culture, and treatment with fortified @entity5821 and @entity801 was started. After 8 hours the @entity1 returned, now complaining of @entity3856 . Examination of the right eye revealed a diffused @entity1036 with a @entity3389 . A culture was taken, and the same treatment was instituted. The laboratory tests revealed @entity735 . The bilateral @entity3283 responded to therapy after 1 week of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the factors involved in the occurrence of @entity1036 in contact lens wearers, and stress that even disposable contact lens wear can be associated with serious complications. This case also highlights extended wear as one of the main risk factors for complications in disposable soft contact lens wear.

title: Bilateral Pseudomonas corneal XXXX in a disposable contact lens wearer.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis', 'infectious keratitis']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cefalotin']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudomonas in both eyes']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['mucopurulent discharge']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the right eye', 'pain in the left eye']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the responsible genes have not yet been identified, it is known that the risk of @entity3557 is elevated in individuals with 1st-degree relatives with @entity3557 . However, it remains controversial whether the biological character of @entity5 (FNMTC) differs from that of @entity5 . In this study, we investigated the prevalence of @entity1377 and its biological behavior. METHODS: Between 1987 and 2004, 6,015 @entity1 underwent initial surgical treatment for @entity1377 at Kuma Hospital and 273 (4.5%) were classified as having @entity5 . We compared the biological characteristics including prognosis between @entity5 . RESULTS: Disease-free survival and cause-specific survival rates of @entity5 did not differ from those of @entity5 . Familial @entity1377 showed multicentricity and recurrence to the thyroid more frequently than @entity5 . There were no differences in other clinicopathological parameters between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1377 did not differ from that of those with sporadic @entity1377 . Although routine total thyroidectomy is recommended for @entity1377 , its therapeutic strategy can otherwise be the same as that for sporadic @entity1377 .

title: Biological behavior and prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['familial papillary carcinoma', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['familial and sporadic papillary carcinomas', 'familial nonmedullary carcinoma', 'familial carcinoma', 'sporadic carcinoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['familial papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Studies on the subcellular distribution of protein kinase activity in popped estrous follicles from @entity95 ovaries revealed that 15% of the total cellular protein kinase activity was compartmentalized in the nuclear, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions. About 50% of the particulate protein kinase activity was unaffected by the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor and was thus @entity268 -independent. The majority of cellular protein kinase activity was identified in the 105,000 X g supernatant fraction as @entity268 -dependent. hCG- or coital-induced ovulation and subsequent @entity42 ( @entity42 ) formation, and hCG-induced luteal regression promoted changes and a redistribution of protein kinase activity among the subcellular fractions. In follicles, hCG promoted a transient decline of nuclear protein kinase activity as well as transient increases of the relative amount of protein kinases localized in the microsomal fractions before ovulation. In @entity42 induced by a fertile mating, the specific activity as well as the total amount of protein kinases in the nuclear fraction were reduced 2-fold. Mitochondrial protein kinase activity from @entity42 of pseudopregnancy and pregnancy was reduced 2-fold. The relative amount of protein kinase activity in microsomes of @entity42 was increased 2-fold, but the specific activity was not affected. hCG-induced luteal regression resulted in a transient decline of the nuclear protein kinase activity in @entity42 of 4-day pseudopregnant @entity95 . In interstitial tissue, the specific activity of the nuclear protein kinase was increased over luteal levels, the mitochondrial-specific protein kinase remained at the reduced luteal levels, and the microsomal and cytosol protein kinase specific activities increased 2-fold. Studies with the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor revealed that the hCG- or coital-induced redistribution of intracellular protein kinase affected both the @entity268 -dependent and @entity268 -independent activity to a similar degree and no changes of the relative distribution of @entity268 -dependent vs. @entity268 -independent activity were observed. These results indicate that the intracellular distribution and enzymatic activity of @entity268 -dependent protein kinases in ovarian structures are subject to regulation by LH (hCG) and depend upon the various reproductive stages of the @entity95 .

title: XXXX ovarian protein kinases. I. Effect of an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin or luteinizing hormone on the subcellular distribution of follicular and luteal protein kinases.

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['corpus luteum', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: Seventy-five primary cemented total hip arthroplasties (THAs) were performed in 53 @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity309 . All @entity1 were followed for an average of 7.4 years, unless their prosthetic hips failed before that time. Clinical evaluation was based on a 10-point maximum rating scale, and ratings for @entity158 , walking, function, and activity improved from preoperative values to the most recent follow-up examination. Revision THA was performed for aseptic acetabular loosening in four hips, and femoral loosening in one hip. @entity295 occurred in another four hips. Complications of wound healing occurred in 14 hips. Roentgenographic evidence of loosening was seen in six acetabular components, in three femoral components, and in the femoral and acetabular component of one hip; none of these hips have as yet required revision THA. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis revealed a 93% survival probability at seven years, which fell to 77% at 12 years in these @entity1 . A trend was that younger, larger @entity1 had increased failure and component loosening rates. Cemented primary THA has been a satisfactory operation in the @entity309 @entity1 . The relatively high rate of wound healing problems and @entity295 may be due to the systemic immune nature of @entity309 ; however, 25% of these prosthetic hips either failed or are at risk for future failure. Thus, improved techniques are still necessary to increase the long-term success of @entity2445 in the @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Long-term follow-up of cemented total hip arthroplasty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This is an observational epidemiological study to describe causes of @entity4008 among @entity1 between 1  month and 18  y of age who are hospitalized with suspected @entity4008 in 7 Turkish regions. covering 32% of the entire population of @entity233 . We present here the results from 2013 and 2014. A clinical case with @entity693 was defined according to followings: any sign of @entity693 including @entity221 , @entity391 , @entity10 , and meningeal irritation in @entity1 above one year of age and @entity221 without any documented source, @entity1662 , prostration and @entity410 in those < 1  y of age. Single tube multiplex PCR assay was performed for the simultaneous identification of bacterial agents. The specific gene targets were ctrA, bex, and ply for @entity3631 , Hib, and @entity2260 , respectively. PCR positive samples were recorded as laboratory-confirmed acute @entity4008 . A total of 665 @entity1 were hospitalized for suspected acute @entity693 . The annual incidences of acute laboratory-confirmed @entity4008 were 0.3 cases / 100,000 population in 2013 and 0.9 cases/100,000 in 2014. Of the 94 diagnosed cases of @entity4008 by PCR, 85 (90.4%) were meningococcal and 9 (9.6%) were pneumococcal. Hib was not detected in any of the @entity1 . Among @entity10217 , cases of serogroup Y, A, B and W-135 were 2.4% (n = 2), 3.5% (n = 3), 32.9% (n = 28), and 42.4% (n = 36). No serogroup C was detected among meningococcal cases. Successful vaccination policies for protection from @entity4008 are dependent on accurate determination of the etiology of @entity4008 . Additionally, the epidemiology of @entity7135 is dynamic and close monitoring of serogroup distribution is comprehensively needed to assess the benefit of adding meningococcal vaccines to the routine immunization program.

title: Bacterial agents causing XXXX during 2013-2014 in @entity233 : A multi-center hospital-based prospective surveillance study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['N. meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of aprepitant, @entity619 , and @entity7274 in the prevention of @entity1209 in @entity0 @entity1 receiving their initial cycle of @entity632 and @entity786 (AC). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity0 , >=  age 18, with a performance status of  <= 2, receiving @entity632 (>=  60 mg/m(2)) and @entity786 (>=  500 mg/m(2)) for the first time were eligible. Prior to chemotherapy @entity1 received aprepitant 125 mg orally (PO), @entity619 8-10 mg PO/intravenously (IV), and @entity7274 0.25 mg IV. On days 2-3, @entity619 4 mg PO and aprepitant 80 mg PO were given. Outcomes were recorded in @entity1 diaries for the 120-h study period following chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was the proportion of @entity1 achieving complete response (no @entity391 or rescue) for the 120-h study period. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 were enrolled and all are evaluable. The median age was 53 (33-75) and 36 are females. Eighteen @entity1 (50%) achieved a complete response during the 120-h study period. Acute ( <= 24 h) and delayed (24-120 h) complete response rates were 81% (27/36) and 61% (22/36), respectively. No @entity391 rates for the acute, delayed, and overall study periods were 97% (35/36), 94% (34/36), and 92% (33/36), respectively. Treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of aprepitant, @entity619 , and @entity7274 prevented @entity391 in more than 90% of @entity0 @entity1 receiving their initial cycle of AC chemotherapy. @entity390 was less well controlled. Overall complete response was achieved in one half of the study @entity1 . Further improvement in the prevention of AC-induced chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 will require more effective antinausea treatments.

title: Aprepitant, @entity619 , and @entity7274 in the prevention of XXXX / @entity786 -induced @entity1209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity7274 :: ('MESH:C083418', 'Chemical') :: ['palonosetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiation can be used effectively for diagnosis and medical treatment, but it can also cause @entity5 later on. @entity1 with @entity299 frequently undergo cardiac catheterization procedures for diagnostic or treatment purposes. Despite the clear clinical benefit to the @entity1 , the complexity of these procedures may result in high cumulative radiation exposure. Given @entity1 's greater sensitivity to radiation and the longer life span during which radiation health effects can develop, an epidemiological cohort study is being launched in France to evaluate the risks of @entity1778 and solid @entity5 in this specific population. METHODS/DESIGN: The study population will include all @entity1 who have undergone at least one cardiac catheterization procedure since 2000 and were under 10 years old and permanent residents of France at the time of the procedure. Electronically stored @entity1 records from the departments of paediatric cardiology of the French national network for complex congenital @entity299 (M3C) are being searched to identify the @entity1 to be included. The minimum dataset will comprise: identification of the subject (file number in the centre or department, full name, sex, date and place of birth), and characteristics of the intervention (date, underlying disease, type of procedure, technical details, such as fluoroscopy time and dose area product, (DAP), which are needed to reconstruct the doses received by each @entity1 ). The cohort will be followed up through linkage with the two French paediatric @entity5 registries, which have recorded all cases of childhood @entity1778 and solid @entity5 in France since 1990 and 2000, respectively. Radiation exposure will be estimated retrospectively for each @entity1 . 4500 @entity1 with catherizations between 2000 and 2011 have been already included in the cohort, and recruitment is ongoing at the national level. The study is expected to finally include a total of 8000 @entity1 . DISCUSSION: This French cohort study is specifically designed to provide further knowledge about the potential @entity5 risks associated with paediatric cardiac catheterization procedures. It will also provide new information on typical dose levels associated with these procedures in France. Finally, it should help improve awareness of the importance of radiation protection in these procedures.

title: Risk of XXXX associated with cardiac catheterization procedures during childhood: a cohort study in France.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the @entity3654 receptor are known to inhibit proliferation of cells due to @entity68 deprivation. Some cell types, however, escape from growth inhibition by a mechanism which is unclear at present. This mechanism is the subject of the present study. We investigated the differential growth inhibition caused by anti- @entity3654 receptor mAb ER-MP21 in connection with the differentiation of @entity19 macrophages (M phi). Therefore, we applied two models of M phi differentiation, namely, culture of bone marrow cells in the presence of @entity9827 and a panel of M phi cell lines ordered in a linear differentiation sequence. In both models we observed that proliferation of M phi precursors was strongly inhibited by ER-MP21. In contrast, proliferation of more mature stages of M phi differentiation was hardly affected. Remarkably, @entity68 uptake by M phi precursor and mature M phi cell lines was inhibited by ER-MP21 to the same extent. However, mature M phi cell lines showed an @entity68 uptake two- to threefold higher than that of M phi precursor cell lines. These observations strongly suggest that mature M phi escape from ER-MP21-mediated growth inhibition, because these cells take up more @entity68 than is actually needed for proliferation. Furthermore, we found that enhanced @entity68 uptake by mature M phi is not necessarily accompanied by a higher cell surface expression of @entity3654 receptors, thus suggesting an increased recycling of @entity3654 receptors in mature M phi.

title: Differential inhibition of macrophage proliferation by anti- XXXX receptor antibody ER-MP21: correlation to macrophage differentiation stage.

answer: @entity3654 :: (22041(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: Based on an elementary osmotic pump, controlled release systems of @entity3522 (DS) were designed to deliver the drug in a zero-order release pattern. Osmotic pump tablets containing 100 mg DS were prepared and coated with either semipermeable (SPM) or microporous (PM) membranes. The tablet coats were composed of hydrophobic triacetin (TA) or hydrophilic @entity968 400 ( @entity968 ) incorporated in cellulose @entity598 (CA) solution, for SPM and PM, respectively. Variable tablet core compositions such as swelling polymers ( @entity970 and HPMC) and osmotic agents ( @entity1132 , @entity1219 , and @entity4338 ) were studied. An optimized, sensitive and well controlled in vitro release design, based on the flow-through cell (FTC), was utilized to discriminate between preparations. The results revealed that the presence of @entity968 in the coating membrane accelerated the drug release rate, while TA suppressed the release rate of DS. In the case of SPM, the amount of DS released was inversely proportional to the membrane thickness, where 5% (w/w) weight gain gave a higher DS release rate than 10% (w/w). Results of different tablet core compositions revealed that the release rate of DS decreased as @entity970 molecular weight increased. HPMC @entity27526 showed the lowest DS release rate. The presence of @entity1132 , @entity4338 , or @entity1219 pronouncedly affected DS release rate depending on polymer type in the core. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed formation of pores in the membrane that accounts for faster DS release rate. These results revealed that DS could be formulated as an osmotic pump system with a prolonged, zero-order release pattern.

title: Development of an osmotic pump system for controlled delivery of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27526 :: ('p|SUB|K|15|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K15M']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol', 'PEG 400']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac sodium']


abstract: Three @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity364 are described. Two @entity1 had disseminated @entity281 and the third disseminated @entity3219 . Allwere receiving corticosteroids at the time @entity364 developed. One @entity1 with disseminated @entity1328 improved after treatment with @entity2379 and @entity4895 . The other @entity1 with disseminated @entity1328 died before adequate therapy could be given. The @entity1 with @entity3219 responded satisfactorily to @entity2379 . A survey of the literature revealed 30 additional cases of @entity364 in @entity1 with @entity1252 , most of whom were on corticosteroid therapy. The majority of the @entity1 had @entity7553 (14 @entity1 ); 11 @entity1 had severe @entity281 . Other @entity364 reported were @entity3219 , aspergillois, @entity6656 , and @entity13443 caused by Allerscheria boydii. Twenty-seven @entity1 died; in 22 @entity204 was related to the @entity364 . The @entity364 was not diagnosed until necropsy in at least 11 @entity1 . Deep @entity364 should be considered whenever @entity1 with @entity1252 have @entity221 of unknown origin, @entity358 , or unexplained CNS symptoms.

title: @entity364 in XXXX - three cases reported, literature reviewed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity13443 :: ('MESH:D008271', 'Disease') :: ['maduromycosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['deep fungal infection', 'fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['coccidioidomycosis']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish the optimum fractionation for @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) endoesophageal brachytherapy (EBT) for early stage @entity418 from retrospective data of @entity1 treated with different @entity1168 following external beam irradiation (EBI). METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study population consisted of 35 consecutive early stage @entity418 @entity1 who received EBI to the mediastinum, plus EBT, between May 1992 and November 1995 at the Hiroshima University Medical Center and Hiroshima City Hospital. All @entity1 were treated with EBI, with doses ranging from 50 to 61 Gy. The spinal cord was spared after 44-45 Gy. @entity1168 EBT was performed using a double-balloon applicator in conjunction with an Ir-192 remote afterloading system. One group of 10 @entity1 was given a weekly endoesophageal boost of 4 or 5 Gy at a distance of 5 mm from the applicator surface over a period of 1-2 weeks. Another group of 25 @entity1 was treated with 4 or 5 endoesophageal boosts with a fraction dose of either 2.5 or 2 Gy for 1 week. The linear quadratic (LQ) formula was used to calculate the biologically effective dose (BED) for @entity5 (Gy10) and esophageal mucosa (Gy3); Gy10 means alpha/beta equals 10 Gy, and Gy3 means alpha/beta equals 3 Gy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the local control and late complication rates, while the Cox-Mantel test was used to evaluate statistical significance (p < 0.01). RESULTS: Nine (26%) of the 35 @entity1 recurred locally and 7 (20%) had late complications (esophageal ulcer grade by RTOG/EORTC criteria > 1). The 5-year overall survival, local control, and late complication rates were 38%, 57%, and 26%, respectively. The probability of local recurrence was not affected by the treatment parameters. Results from the LQ formula significantly correlate with data on late complications. A BED > 134 Gy3 and a fraction number = < 3 were associated with late complications (grade > 1). BED analysis showed that the fractionation dose should be decreased to 2.5 or 2.0 Gy at a distance of 5 mm from the applicator surface, and the number of doses increased to 4 or 5, respectively, to yield a satisfactory BED (< 134 Gy3). CONCLUSION: A significant reduction in endoesophageal brachytherapy dose per fraction is necessary to reduce late complications. Our current treatment protocol for early-stage @entity418 consists of EBI of 60 Gy followed by 4 EBT doses at a fraction dose of 2.5 Gy applied over 1 week.

title: Optimum fractionation for XXXX endoesophageal brachytherapy following external irradiation of early stage @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate', 'HDR schedules']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['high-dose-rate']


abstract: The @entity238 white gene is a member of the @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily and is involved in the cellular uptake of @entity2340 . Its @entity1 homologue gene (hW) has been mapped to chromosome 21q22.3. @entity2340 is the precursor for the neurotransmitter @entity750 , which has been implicated in the regulation of mood and @entity148 . The locus 21q22.3 has also been reported to be associated with @entity1316 . The 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) in the hW gene has been shown to contain a polymorphic poly(T) region. We have identified a new polymorphism @entity28481 in the 3'-UTR in the present study. We examined the relationship between these polymorphisms and mood and @entity4697 , and a significant association between the poly(T) polymorphisms and @entity1316 was detected (P=0.039 (allele frequency)). Associations were found between the polymorphisms and mood (poly(T) polymorphism: P=0.047 (allele frequency), @entity28481 : P=0.040 (allele frequency), P=0.044 (genotype frequency)) and @entity4697 ( @entity28481 : P=0.026 (allele frequency), P=0.011 (genotype frequency)) in males, but not in females. These findings suggest that the hW gene may be an important gene in the control of mood and @entity148 as well as one of the genetic factors related to @entity1316 and @entity4697 in males. The statistical significance of the association remains relatively low and larger materials facilitating further dissection of the clinical phenotype will be needed to confirm and independently validate this finding and to evaluate its significance.

title: Polymorphisms of the @entity1 homologue of the XXXX white gene are associated with mood and @entity4697 .

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorders', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['Tryptophan', 'tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overweight and @entity28 rates among adolescents have increased substantially over the years. This study aimed to determine the body mass index (BMI) of students and parents and the relationship among media use, BMI, socio-demographic profiles, and snacking behaviour during television watching of secondary school students in @entity3548 City. METHODS: In accordance with the two-stage sampling method, a total of 316 adolescents aged 13-17 years from 7 secondary schools participated. Data were collected using questionnaire and anthropometric measurement. Independent t test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test were performed. RESULTS: The mean BMI was 20.56 kg/m(2) ( @entity168 4.33) for @entity1 and 20.15 kg/m(2) ( @entity168 3.91) for @entity1 . No significant difference in terms of z score for BMI-for-age or socio-demographic factors was found. The mean duration of time devoted to media use was 4.69 hours ( @entity168 2.93) on weekdays and 5.69 hours ( @entity168 2.87) on weekends. @entity1 were found to spend more hours on media use than did the @entity1 (t = 4.293, P < 0.01). Respondents were reported to consume more cereal compared with soft drinks and junk foods. Respondents whose fathers worked in the private sector devoted the fewest hours to media use, whereas those with self-employed fathers devoted the most time to media use. Respondents with mothers who were employed spent more time on media use than did respondents whose mothers were housewives (F = 4.067, P < 0.01). No significant difference was found between BMI and media time or snacking habits. CONCLUSION: This finding indicated that media time has no effect on body weight, because respondents were found to have normal weight and to consume less unhealthy food.

title: The Relationship between Media Use and Body Mass Index among Secondary Students in XXXX City, Sarawak, Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity3548 :: ('MESH:C538659', 'Disease') :: ['Kuching South']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity3548 :: (MESH:C538659,Disease) :: ['Kuching South']


abstract: The strategy and plan of action to combat @entity1902 and malnutrtion in @entity1 under age 2 in the Caribbean is based on a 4-day Technical Group Meeting held in St. Vincent in January 1974 for this purpose. 7 overall goals -- expressed in terms of morbidity and mortality -- are to be achieved by 1980. Widely distributed safe water supplies and adequate sewage and solid waste disposal are identified as the most urgent needs within the environmental health services. Maternal and @entity1 Health Services must be improved by adopting measures to increase their coverage and outreach into the community. Improved staffing and training, better physical facilities, and upgraded surveillance techniques are among the needed improvements. The importance of the role of family planning is stressed as is immunization. Regarding the treatment of @entity3147 and @entity1902 , the need for a standardized practical management routine is to be met by the publication and distribution of a manual. Coordinated action between the ministries of health and education is a prerequisite to the long overdue development of nutrition education in the schools. The need for consumer education is also emphasized. The strategy and plan of action aims at being sufficiently general to be applicable to all territories within the region, but directions and targets have been made specific wherever this seemed to be warranted and practicable.

title: Strategy and plan of action to combat gastro-enteritis and XXXX in @entity1 under two years of age. (Formulated as requested by Resolution No. 7 of the 5th Caribbean Health Ministers Conference, Dominica, February 1973.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restoration of myocardial perfusion is the goal of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity1 with ST elevation @entity583 . A major predictor of no-reflow is the increasing @entity34 ( @entity34 ). @entity715 aspiration (TA) is reported to improve myocardial reperfusion as compared with standard PCI (SP). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of @entity34 on TA efficacy. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of individual @entity1 ' data of three prospective randomised trials comparing TA and SP. @entity1 : A total of 299 @entity1 (150 in TA group and 149 in SP group) entered the study. The study population was divided into three subgroups according to the @entity34 : < or = 3 h (short @entity34 subgroup), >3 h to < or = 6 h (intermediate @entity34 subgroup), >6 h to < or = 12 h (long @entity34 subgroup). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The goal of the study was the comparison of optimal myocardial reperfusion, defined as the combination of myocardial blush grade 2 or 3 at post-PCI angiography and ST resolution more than 70% at post-PCI ECG, between SP and TA according to @entity34 . RESULTS: In the SP group, increasing @entity34 was associated with a decreased rate of optimal reperfusion (27.4% vs 17.9% vs 10%, p for trend=0.06), whereas in the TA group the same trend was not seen (40.9% vs 33.8% vs 50%, p for trend=0.93). In a multivariate logistic regression model, a significant interaction (p=0.04) between @entity34 and @entity715 aspiration was observed. CONCLUSIONS: TA limits the adverse effects of @entity34 prolongation on myocardial reperfusion.

title: @entity715 aspiration in ST elevation XXXX : comparative efficacy in @entity1 treated early and late after onset of symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['TTT', 'time to treatment']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of supervised exercise programs (SEPs) for the management of @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) can be hampered by low accessibility and poor compliance. The current international availability and use of SEPs was evaluated and the evidence on alternative approaches such as structured, @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) was reviewed. METHODS-MATERIALS: International survey on SEP availability among vascular surgeons using an online questionnaire. A systematic review on structured- @entity1297 effectiveness was also performed. RESULTS: A total of 378 responses were collected from 43 countries, with the majority (95%) from Europe. Only 30.4% of the @entity1 had access to SEPs and within this group there was significant heterogeneity on the way SEPs were implemented. This systematic review identified 12 studies on the effectiveness of @entity1297 . In 3 studies SEPs were superior to @entity1297 in improving functional capacity or equivalent in improving quality of life (QoL). @entity1297 significantly improved most of the functional capacity and QoL markers when compared to the "go home and walk" advice and baseline measurements. CONCLUSIONS: SEPs remain an underutilized tool despite recommendations. Structured @entity1297 may be effective and can be useful alternatives when SEPs are not available. Further research is warranted to establish cost-effectiveness.

title: Availability of supervised exercise programs and the role of structured home-based exercise in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['home-based exercise programs', 'HEPs']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The @entity515 laser is a surgical tool that is widely used because of its predictable penetration depth and minimal @entity16 due to efficient absorption of CO (2) laser energy by tissue water. Until recently, endoscopic use was limited by lack of an efficient, flexible delivery system. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the performance, efficacy, and safety of a novel, photonic band-gap @entity515 laser configured for esophageal mucosal ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an endoscopic experimental study in a porcine survival model. Initial evaluation was done on ex vivo tissue followed by endoscopic studies at 7-, 10-, 15-, and 20-W power and at 0-, 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-mm distances, using continuous and pulsed currents, to determine optimal performance settings. In an IACUC-approved protocol, six @entity1707 underwent circumferential ablation of the distal 6 cm of the esophagus at 10W continuous current. The animals were monitored for 2 or 4 weeks to evaluate delayed effects. Prior to euthanasia, the proximal esophagus was ablated to evaluate the homogeneity of ablation and depth of @entity130 . RESULTS: The animals resumed normal diets within 24 hours and experienced no @entity1282 or @entity353 . Pathology at 2 and 4 weeks revealed complete re-epithelialization with minimal histologic injury. A single application of the laser produced complete transepithelial ablation of a mean of 83.3 % of the surface area (range 55 % - 100 %); depth of injury was to the muscularis mucosa in five @entity1707 and to the superficial submucosa in one @entity1707 . With ablation, sloughing, and re-ablation, a mean of 95 % transepithelial ablation was achieved (range 80 % -100 %) with similar depth of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Using a novel, flexible @entity515 laser, homogeneous ablation was achieved with predictable penetration and minimal deep tissue injury. These results warrant further evaluation of the laser in Barrett's esophagus, as it may overcome the limitations of current technologies including perforation, stricture, and inhomogeneity.

title: Novel endoscopic application of a new flexible-fiber XXXX laser for esophageal mucosal ablation in a porcine model.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['collateral damage']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury immediately after single and repeat ablation']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']