abstract: Sporulation of the @entity6739 @entity6739 is a developmental process that generates gametes and that includes the formation of spore envelope precursors called the forespore membranes. Assembly and development of forespore membranes require vesicular trafficking from other intracellular membrane compartments. We have shown that @entity4357 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase) is required for efficient and proper development of forespore membranes. The role of a FYVE domain protein, Sst4p, a homolog of Vps27p/Hrs, as a downstream factor for PtdIns 3-kinase in sporulation was investigated. sst4Delta asci formed spores with oval-shaped morphology and with reduced viability compared to that of the wild-type spores. The extension of forespore membranes was inefficient, and bubble-like structures emerged from the leading edges of the forespore membranes. Sst4p localization was examined using fluorescent protein fusions and was found to be adjacent to the forespore membranes during sporulation. The localization and function of Sst4p were dependent on its FYVE domain and on PtdIns 3-kinase. Sst4p colocalized and interacted with @entity14639 , a homolog of @entity375 @entity14639 and of @entity1 @entity14640 . Mutations in all three UIM domains of the Sst4p/ @entity14639 complex resulted in formation of spores with abnormal morphology. These results suggest that Sst4p is a downstream factor of PtdIns 3-kinase and functions in forespore membrane formation.

title: @entity6739 Sst4p, a conserved Vps27/Hrs homolog, functions downstream of XXXX 3-kinase Pik3p to mediate proper spore formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe', 'fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2401 is a serious disorder, and treatment options are limited. This trial was designed to determine whether immunosuppressive therapy improves left ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity2401 and to examine measures of the immune response as predictors of the severity and outcome of disease. METHODS: We randomly assigned 111 @entity1 with a histopathological diagnosis of @entity2401 and a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 0.45 to receive conventional therapy alone or combined with a 24-week regimen of immunosuppressive therapy. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of @entity229 with either @entity205 or @entity500 . The primary outcome measure was a change in the left ventricular ejection fraction at 28 weeks. RESULTS: In the group as a whole, the mean (+/- SE) left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 0.25 +/- 0.01 at base line to 0.34 +/- 0.02 at 28 weeks (P < 0.001). The mean change in the left ventricular ejection fraction at 28 weeks did not differ significantly between the group of @entity1 who received immunosuppressive therapy (a gain of 0.10; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.07 to 0.12) and the control group (a gain of 0.07; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.12). A higher left ventricular ejection fraction at base line, less intensive conventional drug therapy at base line, and a shorter duration of disease, but not the treatment assignment, were positive independent predictors of the left ventricular ejection fraction at week 28. There was no significant difference in survival between the two groups (P = 0.96). The mortality rate for the entire group was 20 percent at 1 year and 56 percent at 4.3 years. Features suggesting an effective inflammatory response were associated with less severe @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support routine treatment of @entity2401 with immunosuppressive drugs. Ventricular function improved regardless of whether @entity1 received immunosuppressive therapy, but long-term mortality was high. @entity1 with a vigorous inflammatory response had less severe disease.

title: A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for XXXX . The @entity2401 Treatment Trial Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initial disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'Myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Italy has become an important host country for economic immigrants. The study is aimed at providing a descriptive analysis of obstetric hospitalizations among Italian and immigrant @entity1 in North-Eastern Italy. DESIGN: Population-based registry descriptive study. SETTING: Veneto Region, Italy. METHODS: All obstetric hospitalizations in 2006-2007 were extracted from the regional archive of hospital discharge records (n = 144,698). Discharges for vaginal delivery, cesarean section, threatened @entity5852 and other antepartum diagnoses, miscarriages, and induced @entity5852 were identified among residents with Italian or foreign citizenship, and irregular immigrants. Hospitalization rates for the above diagnostic categories were computed for Italian and foreign Veneto residents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Delivery rates, proportion of cesarean sections, hospitalization rates for antepartum hospitalizations, @entity2208 , induced @entity5852 , and hospitalization rate ratios of immigrants versus Italian @entity1 . RESULTS: Among Italian @entity1 , regular and irregular immigrants, the percentages of teenage deliveries were 0.7, 2.9, and 8.4%; the ratios of miscarriages to deliveries were 0.16, 0.15 and 0.35; the ratios of induced @entity5852 to deliveries were 0.13, 0.24 and 0.81, respectively. Regular immigrants accounted for 10% of population aged 15-49 and for 20% of deliveries. The age-related increase in @entity2208 risk was steeper among regular immigrants. The induced @entity5852 to deliveries ratio peaked among Italians aged <25 and regular immigrants aged >= 35 years. 40% of Italians and 30% of regular immigrants sought care outside nearest hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Wide differences in reproductive behavior, health status, and patterns in the access to health services exist between Italians, regular and irregular immigrants even though they represent three connected populations.

title: Obstetric hospitalizations among Italian XXXX , regular and irregular immigrants in North-Eastern Italy.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortion', 'abortions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To publicize clinical results of @entity2 @entity1 registered in 2002. Study design. In 2002, The Japanese Joint Committee for Lung Cancer Registration conducted a prospective observational study for @entity2 @entity1 registered at starting treatments with follow-ups in 2004 and 2009. At first, 18,552 cases were registered from 358 institutes, while we analyzed 14,695 samples whose living periods could be identified. RESULTS: There were two times males as many as females with a mean age of 67.1 years. The most frequent histology was @entity420 in 56.7%, following @entity957 in 25.7% and @entity4153 in 9.2%. Clinical stage was IA in 29.3%, IB in 15.3%, IIA in 1.4%, IIB in 6.2%, IIIA in 11.8%, IIIB in 14.6% and IV in 21.0%. Surgery was performed in 8454 cases (57.5%). Five-year survival rate was 44.3% for all @entity1 , 14.7% for cases of @entity4153 , 46.8% for @entity4153 , 59.6% for surgery cases, 8.5% for no surgery cases, 37.7% for males and 59.0% for females. The rates in clinical stage settings in cases of @entity4153 and @entity4153 , was 52.7% and 79.4% for IA, 39.3% and 56.7% for IB, 31.7% and 49.0% for IIA, 29.9% and 42.3% for IIB, 17.2% and 30.9% for IIIA, 12.4% and 16.7% for IIIB and 3.8% and 5.8% for IV, respectively. CONCLUSION: An analysis of @entity2 @entity1 registered in 2002 revealed that the most frequent histology type was @entity420 following @entity957 and @entity4153 . Prognosis in 5 years was superior in cases of female, @entity1149 and surgery to those of male, @entity151 and no surgery, respectively. Further investigation is needed with respect to dependences of those survival differences.

title: [A XXXX registry study at 2002].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'non small cell carcinoma', 'non-small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Japanese lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Japanese lung cancer']


abstract: There has been growing interest in recent years in the potential of brassica vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, etc.) as vectors for the introduction of anticarcinogenic compounds in the diet. @entity103 , a major @entity104 metabolite present in the cruciferous vegetables, has been found to inhibit various rodent @entity5 when administered prior to or during carcinogen exposure. In this study, the antitumour promoting potential of @entity103 was studied in a two-stage @entity19 skin model of @entity105 . The animals were initiated with a single subcarcinogenic dose of @entity106 . After one week, 250 microg of @entity103 was applied topically to each animal prior to promotion with 5 microg TPA twice per week. @entity5 development was significantly inhibited in @entity103 -supplemented animals in terms of cumulative numbers of @entity5 and average @entity5 per @entity19 . About 44% of male and 29% of female @entity19 remained @entity5 -free in this group at the end of the experiment. A significant delay in the @entity5 induction time was also observed in @entity103 -supplemented animals. This evidence suggests that @entity103 , in the manner and dose given, inhibits the development of @entity5 in the two-stage @entity19 skin model of @entity105 .

title: Antitumour promoting activity of @entity103 in XXXX @entity105 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity103 :: ('MESH:C016517', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-carbinol', 'Indole-3-carbinol']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop an inexpensive and easily implemented @entity35 tibial osteotomy model capable of producing a range of healing outcomes. A saw blade was used to create a transverse osteotomy of the tibia in 89 @entity35 . A 0.89 mm diameter stainless steel wire was then inserted as an intramedullary nail to stabilize the @entity174 . To impair healing, 1, 2, or 3 mm cylindrical @entity12316 ( @entity12316 ) spacer beads were threaded onto the wires, between the bone ends. @entity174 healing was evaluated radiographically, biomechanically, and histologically at 5 weeks. Means were compared for statistical differences by one-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak multiple comparison testing. The mean number of "cortices bridged" for the no spacer group was 3.4 (SD    0.8), which was significantly greater than in the 1 mm (2.3    1.4), 2 mm (0.8    0.7), and 3 mm (0.3    0.4) groups (p < 0.003). Biomechanical results correlated with radiographic findings, with an ultimate torque of 172    53, 137    41, 90    38, and 24    23 N/mm with a 0, 1, 2, or 3 mm defect, respectively. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that this inexpensive, technically straightforward model can be used to create a range of outcomes from normal healing to @entity73 , to nonunions. This model may be useful for testing new therapeutic strategies to promote @entity174 healing, materials thought to be able to heal critical-sized defects, or evaluating agents suspected of impairing healing.

title: XXXX tibial osteotomy model providing a range of normal to @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired healing']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['PEEK', 'polyetheretherketone']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity227 ( @entity227 ) changes in glaucomatous and @entity735 after transient elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. @entity1 : One hundred subjects (38 with @entity726 , 62 @entity726 suspects and controls). METHODS: Intraocular pressure elevation was induced in the right eye of all subjects with a modified LASIK suction ring. Intraocular pressure was elevated to an average of 64 mmHg for <30 seconds. Humphrey Matrix perimetry 24-2 threshold tests were performed before and after the procedure. A cohort of @entity1 who demonstrated significant deterioration in postprocedural perimetry was recalled for further testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) from Humphrey Matrix perimetry. RESULTS: A significant decline in @entity735 could be observed on immediate postprocedural perimetry amongst @entity726 and control @entity1 , whereas no significant changes in PSD were seen in either group. Forty-five of 47 @entity1 , whose immediate postprocedural perimetry showed a loss of @entity5494 > 2 decibels, attended for repeat perimetric testing with a median follow-up of 6 days. Both eyes among 28 control @entity1 and the left eye among 17 @entity726 @entity1 showed statistically significant improvement in @entity5494 . Similar improvement was seen in the right eye of @entity726 @entity1 , but this failed to reach statistical significance. Six @entity1 from the @entity726 group demonstrated deterioration in @entity5494 upon recall, compared with 3 in the control group (P = 0.046). These 6 @entity1 were significantly younger than the rest of the group, but no other defining characteristics were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Transient elevation of IOP in adult eyes with and without @entity1781 did not lead to functional optic nerve change, as measured by Matrix perimetry, in the short term for the majority of @entity1 . It is possible that a small cohort of @entity1 with preexisting @entity1781 may be more susceptible to transient increase in IOP, although the result is inconclusive. Prominent learning effects may have masked subtle worsening of visual function in our subjects; corresponding structural analyses of the optic nerve and longer-term follow-up may provide further information.

title: Visual field changes after transient elevation of intraocular pressure in eyes with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['Mean deviation', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['MD of the right eye', 'nonglaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve the understanding of the clinical manifestations of @entity358 . METHODS: A case of @entity358 was reported, and the literature was reviewed. The epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic aspects of @entity6656 were discussed. RESULTS: A 74 year old male was admitted to the hospital because of physical examination revealing lung space occupying lesions for 9 months and cough for 2 weeks. Lung puncture biopsy was carried out and the diagnosis of @entity1328 was established in another hospital. After 6 months' therapy with @entity2380 , the chest CT showed no change. After being hospitalized, thoracoscopic wedge resection of lung was performed and the final diagnosis was @entity358 . After the surgery, he was immediately started on @entity5074 200 mg daily for 1 month. Then oral @entity2380 was prescribed for 5 months. A follow-up chest CT performed 6 months after surgery was normal. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6656 is uncommon. It's pathological appearance is similar to cryptococcus. With the extensive using of immune suppressive drugs, we should improve the recognition of @entity6656 .

title: [ XXXX :a case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary coccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['coccidioidomycosis', 'Coccidioidomycosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of long-term low-dose antibiotics in preventing @entity293 ( @entity293 ) and @entity8 in @entity1 with primary @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) are unclear. METHODS: @entity1 aged between 1 and 12  years with @entity3025 grade I-IV and a microbiologically proven @entity293 were randomized into two groups to receive either antibiotic prophylaxis [2  mg/kg @entity206 + @entity207 ( @entity1597 -SMX)] daily or placebo, respectively, for 12  months. Primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed symptomatic @entity293 . Intention-to-treat analysis using time-to-event data was performed. RESULTS: A total of 93 @entity1 (66.7  % @entity1 ) with a median age of 4.6  years were enrolled in this study; @entity3025 grade III-IV was present in 73.1  % of these @entity1 . At least one symptomatic @entity293 occurred in ten (21.3  %) patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis and in three (6.5  %) @entity1 receiving placebo [hazard ratio in antibiotic group 3.9; 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1- 14; log rank test P   =   0.02). Compared to the group receiving placebo, the antibiotic group had a 14.8 % increased risk for developing @entity293 (95  % CI 1-28; P   =   0.03). Of the total number of episodes of @entity293 , 58.3  % of those in the antibiotic group were caused by @entity1597 - @entity1598 -resistant bacteria compared to 20  % in the placebo group (P   =   0.15). A renal scan at 12 months revealed that six of 37 (16.2  %) @entity1 in the antibiotic group and seven of 43 (16.3  %) @entity1 in the placebo group had new or worsening of pre-existing scar. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity1597 -SMX is associated with increased risk of symptomatic @entity293 compared to placebo in @entity1 with grade I-IV @entity3025 .

title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of XXXX : a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteric reflux', 'VUR']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteric reflux']


abstract: We examined an 8-hour cardiopulmonary preservation technique and the role of free radical-induced injury during cardiopulmonary preservation and transplantation. Hence, donor @entity235 were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, rapidly cooled to 15 degrees C, and heterotopic heart-unilateral left lung transplantations were performed. In group 1 (n = 5), hearts and lungs were transplanted immediately after core-cooling and @entity1167 . In groups 2 to 5 (n = 5 in each group), @entity616 were excised and stored at 4 degrees C for 8 hours before transplantation. During preservation hearts were perfused (20 mm Hg) with oxygenated extracellular solution (pH 7.4, 410 m0sm/L) and the lungs immersed in the same solution. In groups 3 through 5 recombinant @entity1 @entity224 distumase (r,h-SOD, total 40 mg/kg) was administered during either donor cooling, donor preservation, or just before and during reperfusion, respectively. Load independent analysis of myocardial function was assessed by determining the ratio of the end-systolic pressure to end-systolic dimension. Pulmonary preservation was evaluated by determination of extravascular lung water of the implanted left lung, arterial oxygenation on 40% inspired @entity26 , and pulmonary vascular resistance. Although arterial oxygenation was similar in each group, pulmonary vascular resistance was increased in groups 2 through 4 after implantation. Furthermore, in groups 2 and 4 @entity296 and increased extravascular lung water were observed. Administration of r,h-SOD, however, just before and during reperfusion significantly enhanced cardiopulmonary preservation. These results indicate that free radical-induced injury is primarily the result of reperfusion. Thus the best time for administration of r,h-SOD is before and during reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Extended cardiopulmonary preservation for heart-lung transplantation: a comparative study of XXXX dismutase.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['impaired myocardial function']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart-lung blocks']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: Spontaneous EEG spikes (SPKs) were recorded from the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in normal @entity35 during behavioral states not accompanied by rhythmical slow activity (RSA) such as awake immobility and slow wave sleep. In the present study we examined the effects of various systemically administered drugs on hippocampal SPK activity. Three general anesthetics ( @entity4543 , @entity4774 and @entity4485 ) all reduced SPK activity. At anesthetic doses both @entity4543 and @entity4485 completely abolished SPKs. This SPK abolition during anesthesia seemed qualitatively different from RSA-related SPK suppression in undrugged animals in that unlike the latter case RSA generation was not the cause of SPK abolition in the former case. @entity3897 (50-100 mg/kg, i.p.) did not change greatly SPK activity or its behavioral correlation. @entity3175 (5-10 mg/kg, i.p.) increased amplitude and decreased frequency of hippocampal fast EEG activity, and reduced SPK activity. These effects may be based on the known action of @entity3175 to enhance @entity1246 -mediated postsynaptic inhibition. At subepileptic doses (1-6 mg/kg, i.p.) the @entity1246 antagonist @entity1027 enhanced dramatically SPK-related activities. Particularly, SPK-concurrent population burst discharges in the pyramidal cell layer were greatly increased in amplitude and complexity after @entity1027 . These results suggest that the SPK generation mechanism in the hippocampus is sensitive to the level of @entity1246 -mediated inhibition.

title: Spontaneous EEG spikes in the normal hippocampus. V. Effects of @entity4543 , @entity4774 , @entity4485 , @entity3897 , XXXX and @entity1027 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: Oral administration of the toxic mushroom Cortinarius orellanus (Fr.) to male @entity35 caused serious @entity8 . The signs observed were similar to those produced in @entity1 who ingest this fungus. Administration of 2.0 g dried Cortinarius orellanus per kg body weight led to acute @entity8 within 48 h. The pattern of impairment included reduced glomerular filtration rate, decreased renal absorption of water, @entity1372 and @entity972 , and @entity644 and @entity15157 . The nephrotoxic effect was further characterized by decreased activities of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase and @entity15158 in urine, despite a remarkable increase in protein excretion of predominantly tubular origin. These findings were substantiated by morphologic changes, which could be detected as early as 12 h after dosing. Morphologically discernible signs of @entity8 start with deformation of the proximal tubular brush border region. Within 48 h after toxin ingestion, prenecrotic and @entity39 cells could be found in all nephron segments contained in the renal cortex. The most prominent changes were a vesiculation of the apical cell pole and a swelling of the smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and of mitochondria. The latter was accompanied by a loss in matrix material and a massive fragmentation of mitochondrial cristae membranes. Detectable quantities of the toxic principle of the mushroom, @entity15159 , were excreted only within the first 24 h after dosing. No @entity409 was detected.

title: Toxic properties of the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus (Fries). II. Impairment of renal function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function', 'renal tubular damage', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity15158 :: ('116568(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of liver function']

entities_list: @entity15159 :: ('MESH:C030076', 'Chemical') :: ['orellanine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Habitually terrestrial monkeys adopt digitigrade hand postures at slow speeds to increase effective forelimb length and reduce distal limb joint moments. As these primates move faster, however, their hands transition to a more palmigrade posture, which is likely associated with the inability of wrist and hand joints to resist higher ground reaction forces (GRF) associated with faster speeds. Transitioning to a palmigrade posture may serve to distribute GRFs over a larger surface area (i.e., increased palmar contact), ultimately reducing stresses in fragile hand bones. To test this hypothesis, dynamic palmar pressure data were collected on two adult @entity6599 ( @entity3474 ) walking, running, and galloping across a runway integrated with a dynamic pressure mat (20 steps each; speed range: 0.46-4.0 m/s). Peak GRF, contact area, peak pressure, and pressure-time integral were quantified in two regions of the hand: fingers and palms (including metacarpal heads). At slower speeds with lower GRFs, the @entity6599 use digitigrade postures resulting in small palmar contact area (largely across the metacarpal heads). At faster speeds with higher GRFs, they used less digitigrade hand postures resulting in @entity101 . Finger contact area did not change across speeds. Despite higher GRFs at faster speeds, metacarpal pressure was moderated across speeds due to @entity101 as animals transitioned from digitigrady to palmigrady. In contrast, the pressure in the fingers increased with faster speeds. Results indicate that the transition from digitigrady to palmigrady distributes increased forces over a larger palmar surface area. Such dynamic changes in palmar pressure likely moderate strain in the gracile bones of the hand, a structure that is integral not only for locomotion, but also feeding and social behaviors in primates.

title: Dynamic pressure patterns in the hands of @entity3474 ( XXXX ) during terrestrial locomotion: implications for cercopithecoid primate hand morphology.

entities_list: @entity3474 :: ('9555', 'Species') :: ['Papio anubis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased palmar contact area']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['Papio anubis']


abstract: An acute, whole-body inhalation study for @entity824 in @entity35 was designed to support derivation of AEGL values, with emphasis on establishing NOAELs for irreversible effects of different exposure concentrations and durations. Groups of 10 @entity35 were exposed for 1 hour (0, 50, 200, or 400   ppm), 4 hours (0, 20, 50, or 100   ppm), or 8 hours (0, 10, 20, or 50   ppm). Clinical evaluations were performed during exposure and in an open field within 22-71 minutes after termination of exposure. Clinical pathology, gross necropsy, and histopathology (nasal tissues, larynx, @entity825 , lungs/bronchi, liver, and kidneys) were evaluated 14 days after exposure. Mortality was limited to 1 male exposed for 8 hours to 50   ppm. Clinical findings of gasping, rales, increased respiration noted at higher exposure levels were rapidly reversed. No treatment-related findings were observed in the liver and kidneys, or in the lungs of surviving animals. Histopathology in the nasal cavity was noted at all exposure levels following 1, 4, or 8 hours of exposure. Mild @entity32 was found at the lowest exposure levels (50-ppm/1-hour, 20-ppm/4-hour, and 10-ppm/8-hour). These effects were considered reversible and were not associated with related clinical signs. Severe, irreversible nasal olfactory epithelial lesions were present in 50   ppm/8-hour males. The NOELs for irreversible effects were 400-ppm/1-hour, 100-ppm/4-hour, and 20-ppm/8-hour. The incidence of severe findings was positively dependent on both concentration and the exposure duration. In contrast, the incidence of mild reversible findings did not appear to be dependent on duration.

title: Acute inhalation study of XXXX for derivation of acute exposure guideline levels.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['nasal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity824 :: ('MESH:C006463', 'Chemical') :: ['allyl alcohol']

answer: @entity824 :: (MESH:C006463,Chemical) :: ['allyl alcohol']


abstract: The histone deacetylase inhibitors, suberoylanilide @entity781 ( @entity782 , Zolinza   ) and depsipeptide ( @entity783 , Istodax   ) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of refractory cutaneous @entity784 . Numerous histone deacetylase inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials, predominantly in combination with other @entity5 modalities, for the treatment of various haematological and solid @entity5 . Most of the traditional compounds are known as broad-spectrum or pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors, possessing activity against a number of the 11 metal-dependent enzymes. One of the main questions in the field is whether class- or isoform-specific compounds would offer a therapeutic benefit compared to broad-spectrum inhibitors. Therefore, analysis of the relative expression of the different histone deacetylase enzymes in @entity5 cells and tissues is important to determine whether there are specific targets. We used a panel of antibodies directed against the 11 known @entity1 histone deacetylases to determine expression levels in MCF7 @entity0 cells and in tissue representative of @entity513 and @entity513 in situ. Firstly, we utilized a semi-quantitative method based on immunofluorescence staining to examine expression of the different histone deacetylases in MCF7 cells. Our findings indicate high expression levels of HDAC1, 3 and 6 in accordance with findings from others using RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Following validation of our approach we examined the expression of the different isoforms in representative control and @entity0 tissue. In general, our findings indicate higher expression of class I histone deacetylases compared to class II enzymes in @entity0 tissue. Analysis of individual @entity5 cells in the same tissue indicated marked heterogeneity in the expression of most class I enzymes indicating potential complications with the use of class- or isoform-specific compounds. Overall, our approach can be utilized to rapidly compare, in an unbiased semi-quantitative manner, the differential levels of expression of histone deacetylase enzymes in cells and tissues using widely available imaging software. It is anticipated that such analysis will become increasingly important as class- or isoform-specific histone deacetylase inhibitors become more readily available.

title: An atlas of histone deacetylase expression in XXXX : fluorescence methodology for comparative semi-quantitative analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity783 :: ('MESH:C087123', 'Chemical') :: ['Romidepsin']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity781 :: ('MESH:D006877', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxamic acid']

entities_list: @entity782 :: ('MESH:C111237', 'Chemical') :: ['Vorinostat']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study were to evaluate the incidence of newly diagnosed primary @entity1375 among adults admitted through the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and to assess how previously undiagnosed @entity1375 presents. METHODS: From July 1, 2002 to June 30, 2006, 56 adult @entity1 were enrolled for further analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of newly diagnosed primary @entity1375 among adults admitted through the @entity341 is 0.1%. The mean age of the @entity1 was 75.8    12.8 years (range, 27-98 years). Most of our @entity1 presented in the winter. Individual symptoms and signs were not sensitive. Drugs (13  @entity1 , 23%), nongoitrogenous @entity1669 (12 @entity1 , 21%), and previous surgery or irradiation related (11 @entity1 , 20%) are frequent causes of unrecognized @entity1375 in this @entity1496 -replete region. Only 21% of @entity1 were admitted with a correct initial impression. Half of @entity3568 @entity1 were missed during the initial @entity341 stay. Thirty-three @entity1 (59%) had @entity1283 on chest x-ray receiving further echocardiography examination. @entity2294 was found in 18  @entity1 . Of these, 7 @entity1 had moderate to large pericardial effusion, but none had cardiac tamponade. Only 6 @entity1 have @entity308 left ventricular ejection fraction (<40%). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity1375 is often missed during the @entity341 evaluation of @entity1 at risk for this uncommon disease. @entity1375 should always be considered in @entity1 who present with nonspecific symptoms suggestive of the disease, including weakness, cold intolerance, and alterations in mental status, and receive drugs impairing thyroid function or treatment of advanced @entity135 . In addition, @entity1 with stable chronic @entity712 or unexplained pericardial effusion warrant serum thyroid testing.

title: Diagnosis of unrecognized primary @entity1375 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'overt hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['Pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity3568 :: ('MESH:D009230', 'Disease') :: ['myxedema coma']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with 22q deletion syndrome are at increased risk of @entity2419 and @entity1739 . The authors' aim is to evaluate speech outcomes following primary Furlow palatoplasty or pharyngeal flap for correction of @entity1739 in @entity2419 @entity1 with and without 22q deletion syndrome. METHODS: Records of @entity2419 @entity1 who underwent primary surgery between 2001 and 2010 were reviewed. Data included 22q deletion syndrome diagnosis, age at surgery, procedure, preoperative nasopharyngoscopy and nasometry, speech outcomes, complications, and secondary surgery rates. RESULTS: Seventy-eight @entity2419 @entity1 were identified. Twenty-three @entity1 had 22q deletion syndrome. Fewer 22q deletion syndrome @entity1 obtained normal resonance on perceptual assessment compared with nonsyndromic @entity1 (74 percent versus 88 percent). A similar difference existed based on postoperative nasometric scores. Among 22q deletion syndrome @entity1 , similar success rates were achieved with Furlow palatoplasty and pharyngeal flap. No difference in the proportion improved postoperatively was noted between 22q deletion syndrome and nonsyndromic groups. One complication was experienced per group. More revision operations were indicated in the 22q deletion syndrome group (17 percent) compared with the nonsyndromic group (4 percent). Median times to normal resonance for 22q deletion syndrome and nonsyndromic @entity1 were 150 weeks and 34 weeks, respectively. Adjusting for multiple variables, 22q deletion syndrome @entity1 were 3.6 times less likely to develop normal resonance. CONCLUSION: Careful selection of Furlow palatoplasty or pharyngeal flap for primary repair of @entity2419 is highly effective in 22q deletion syndrome @entity1 and yields results approaching those of nonsyndromic @entity1 . CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.

title: Impact of 22q deletion syndrome on speech outcomes following primary surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['submucous cleft palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['submucous cleft palate']


abstract: FrCasE is a highly neurovirulent @entity19 @entity1778 virus which causes a noninflammatory spongiform @entity179 after neonatal inoculation. The central nervous system (CNS) @entity281 is wide-spread, involving several different cell types, whereas the lesions are localized to motor areas of the brain and spinal cord. Inoculation of FrCasE at 10 days of age ( @entity14819 ) results in @entity646 , but @entity281 of the CNS is restricted and @entity16 is not observed (M. Czub, S. Czub, F. McAtee, and J. Portis, J. Virol. 65:2539-2544, 1991). In this study, we used this developmental resistance to restrict the extent and the distribution of FrCasE in the brain to examine whether the @entity528 is a consequence of @entity281 of cells in proximity to the lesions. Two approaches were used to infect the brain on or after @entity14819 . First, @entity19 were inoculated with FrCasE at @entity14819 to induce @entity646 and then at @entity14802 were subjected to focal @entity149 within brain regions known to be susceptible to virus-induced @entity528 . The injury resulted in @entity32 , glial activation, migration of inflammatory cells into the wound site, and high-level parenchymal @entity281 about the wound site. However, no evidence of @entity179 was observed over a period of 3 months. The second approach involved the implantation of FrCasE-infected microglia into the CNS at > or = @entity14819 . This resulted in microglial engraftment and focal CNS @entity281 unilaterally at the implantation sites and bilaterally along white matter tracts of the corpus callosum and pons and in cells of the subventricular layers of the lateral cerebral ventricles. Strikingly, focal @entity528 colocalized with the sites of @entity281 . In contrast to the wounding experiments, the implantation model was not associated with an inflammatory response or significant glial activation. Results of these studies suggest that (i) the developmental resistance of the CNS to @entity281 lies at the blood-brain barrier and can be bypassed by direct introduction into the brain of virus-infected cells, (ii) the neuropathology induced by this virus is a consequence of local effects of the @entity281 and does not appear to require endothelial or @entity528 , and (iii) elements of the inflammatory response and/or glial activation may modulate the expression of neuropathology induced by neurovirulent retroviruses.

title: Induction of focal @entity179 in developmentally resistant @entity19 by implantation of XXXX retrovirus-infected microglia.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease', 'spongiform neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal infection', 'spongiform degeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study assessed whether a weight-gain restriction regimen, with or without exercise, would impact glycemic control, pregnancy outcome, and total pregnancy @entity1017 in @entity28 subjects with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). A total of 96 subjects with @entity6 met the inclusion criteria and were sequentially recruited, with 39 subjects self-enrolled in the @entity7047 ( @entity7047 ) group, and the remaining 57 subjects self-enrolled in the diet (D) group owing to contraindications or a lack of personal preference to exercise. All @entity1 were provided a eucaloric or hypocaloric consistent @entity1735 meal plan and instructed in the self-monitoring of blood @entity413 . In addition, all @entity7047 subjects were prescribed an exercise routine equivalent to a 60% symptom-limited VO2 max. Subjects were followed at weekly or biweekly office visits. Results showed maternal weight and body mass index (35.2+/-7.2 ( @entity7047 ) vs. 33.5+/-9.2 (D)) at study entry as well as number of weeks into the study (7.7+/-5.7 ( @entity7047 ) vs. 9.4+/-4.7 (D)) were similar in both the @entity7047 and D groups. Weight gain per week was significantly lower in the @entity7047 group than in the D group (0.1+/-0.4 kg vs. 0.3+/-0.4 kg; p<0.05). Subjects (either @entity7047 or D) who gained weight had a higher percentage of macrosomic @entity1 than those subjects who lost weight or had no weight change during pregnancy. Other pregnancy and fetal outcomes such as complications, gestational age at delivery, and rate of cesarean delivery were similar in both groups. Conclusions of this study were that caloric restriction and exercise result in limited @entity1017 in @entity28 subjects with @entity6 , less macrosomic neonates, and no adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy is an ideal time for behaviour modification, and this intervention may also help promote long-term healthy lifestyle changes.

title: A lifestyle intervention of weight-gain restriction: diet and exercise in XXXX @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'GDM']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity7047 :: ('MESH:D001250', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'exercise and diet']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: We have investigated the ability of @entity1 to stabilize their heads in space and assessed the influence of mental set and the relative importance of visual and vestibular cues. Ten normal subjects and 3 @entity1 with bilateral vestibular loss were studied. Subjects were fixed firmly to the chair of a turntable facing a screen on which was projected a target spot. A 'gunsight' spot generated by a small projector fixed to the head provided feedback of head position. Four conditions were studied (1) Gunsight (GU): subjects were instructed to stabilize the head in space by superimposing the 'gunsight' spot on the fixed target spot while chair position was displaced according to a random pattern with a bandwidth from 0-1 Hz. (2) Imagined gunsight (IGU): identical to condition 1 except that the subject was blindfolded and so had to imagine the target position. (3) @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ): subjects did mental arithmetic while the chair was displaced. (4) @entity227 ( @entity227 ): subjects were instructed to track the target spot with the 'gunsight' spot while the chair was fixed and the target spot driven to follow the chair displacement trajectory used in conditions 1, 2 and 3. In GU normal subjects stabilized their head position extremely well (mean HEAD/CHAIR gain = 0.81). Significant stabilization was present in IGU although the gain (mean gain = 0.61) was reduced compared to GU. There was very little stabilization in @entity1032 (mean gain = 0.12). In @entity227 , subjects tracked the target with about the same gain (mean gain = 0.68) as in IGU. By comparison, the vestibular @entity1 could not perform IGU, for which their performance (mean gain = 0.08) was similar to @entity1032 ( @entity1017 ). In GU (mean gain = 0.54), their performance was attributable to visual tracking (mean gain in @entity227 = 0.50). For the frequency bandwidth in which subjects were tested, the results show that: When subjects were distracted by mental arithmetic, the contribution to head stability of the short latency cervico-collic (CCR) and vestibulo-collic (VCR) reflexes is negligible. As expected, vision plays an important role in stabilizing the head. Equally important are long latency stabilizing mechanisms whose onset times (140 ms) are shorter, but still comparable to that of vision. The latter mechanisms are of vestibular origin and their influence is under voluntary control so as to permit augmenting head stability compared to what it would be if vision acted alone.

title: Visual, vestibular and voluntary contributions to XXXX head stabilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MA', 'Mental arithmetic']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual tracking', 'VT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions affect the myocardium's substrate use and, consequently, its structure, function, and adaptability. The effect of sex on myocardial @entity26 , @entity413 , and @entity844 metabolism in @entity1 is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 25 young subjects (13 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ) using positron emission tomography, quantifying myocardial blood flow, myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2), and @entity413 and @entity844 extraction and metabolism. MVO2 was higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 (5.74 +/- 1.08 micromol x g(-1) x @entity1009 ) vs 4.26 +/- 0.69 micromol x g(-1) x @entity1009 ), P < .005). Myocardial @entity413 extraction fraction and utilization were lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 (0.025 +/- 0.019 vs 0.062 +/- 0.028 [P < .001] and 133 +/- 96 nmol x g(-1) x @entity1009 ) vs 287 +/- 164 nmol x g(-1) x @entity1009 ) [P < .01], respectively). There were no sex differences in myocardial blood flow, @entity844 metabolism, or plasma @entity413 , @entity844 , or insulin levels. Female sex was an independent predictor of increased MVO2 (P = .01) and decreased myocardial @entity413 extraction fraction and utilization (P < .005 and P < .05, respectively). Insulin sensitivity was an independent predictor of increased myocardial @entity413 extraction fraction and utilization (P < .01 and P = .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for sex-associated differences in myocardial metabolism. However, the presence of such differences may provide a partial explanation for the observed sex-related differences in the prevalence and manifestation of a variety of @entity299 .

title: Sex differences in myocardial @entity26 and XXXX metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The RusA protein of @entity526 is a DNA structure-specific endonuclease that resolves Holliday junction intermediates formed during DNA replication, recombination and repair by introducing symmetrically paired incisions 5' to CC dinucleotides. It is encoded by the defective prophage DLP12, which raises the possibility that it may be of bacteriophage origin. We show that rusA-like sequences are indeed often associated with prophage sequences in the genomes of several bacterial species. They are also found in many bacteriophages, including @entity7878 phage r1t. However, rusA is also present in the chromosome of the hyperthermophilic bacterium @entity11475 . In this case, there is no obvious association of rusA with prophage-like sequences. Given the ancient lineage of @entity11475 , this observation provides the first indication that RusA may be of bacterial origin. The RusA proteins of A. aeolicus and @entity11476 were purified and shown to resolve Holliday junctions. The r1t enzyme also promotes DNA repair in strains lacking the RuvABC resolvase. Both enzymes cleave junctions in a sequence-dependent manner, but the A. aeolicus RusA shows a different sequence preference (3' to TG) from the @entity526 protein (5' to CC), and the r1t RusA has relaxed sequence dependence, requiring only a single @entity5538 .

title: RusA proteins from the extreme thermophile XXXX and lactococcal phage r1t resolve Holliday junctions.

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity11476 :: ('43685', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage r1t']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity11475 :: ('63363', 'Species') :: ['Aquifex aeolicus']

answer: @entity11475 :: (63363,Species) :: ['Aquifex aeolicus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal @entity254 (IPAA) is now a common procedure for @entity31 ( @entity31 ). Moreover, it has been reported that fertility is preserved in @entity1 who undergo this procedure, many of whom can experience normal delivery. METHODS: We assessed the perinatal outcomes and changes in anal function in four @entity1 , aged from 27 to 35 years, who gave birth after undergoing IPAA for @entity31 . Pregnancies were confirmed 15-111 months after IPAA, three @entity1 had full-term pregnancies, and one gave birth after 31 weeks' gestation. RESULTS: Cephalic delivery with a vacuum extractor was used for one @entity1 , and another underwent cesarean section. The other two @entity1 experienced normal delivery. None of the @entity1 needed artificial insemination and none had any symptoms of @entity1321 during their pregnancy. After delivery, two @entity1 suffered a transient increase in bowel frequency and soiling, which gradually resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Although transient @entity409 occurred in the puerperal period, there were no changes in anal function during pregnancy. Therefore, there are no factors directly prohibiting pregnancy and vaginal delivery in @entity1 who undergo IPAA for @entity31 .

title: Anal function during pregnancy and postpartum after ileal pouch anal XXXX for @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['anal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: The effect of @entity4515 in @entity158 therapy was investigated over a period of one year on 52 @entity1 suffering from @entity5 . These @entity1 , 22 being outpatients, received a total number of 85 peridural catheters. 75 of these catheters were evaluated according to @entity1286 dosage and effect. The onset of @entity4515 resulted in a drastic reduction in the need for high dose systemically applied analgesics. @entity4515 was also successfully applied in cases with rapidly spreading metastases. Our catheters have remained in place up to 170 days. Side effects were rarely observed. Tachyphylaxis did not develop and almost all @entity1 were satisfied with the therapy. Due to special care of the catheter we observed only 7 cases of infected puncture sites. Our clinical studies have proven that peridural @entity1286 analgesia can be successfully applied as @entity158 therapy in @entity1 suffering from @entity5 .

title: [Epidural @entity1286 analgesia ( XXXX ). III. @entity5 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['terminal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity4515 :: (CHEBI:60755,Chemical) :: ['PMA']


abstract: This investigation examined the effect of a @entity1735 loading regimen on high intensity, short duration run performance. Using a random crossover design, 8 trained runners completed a 15-min submaximal run and a performance run to exhaustion after two dietary treatments. The @entity325 ( @entity325 ) contained 4.0 +/- 0.5 g.kg-1.d-1 of @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) for 6 days. The experimental diet ( @entity2914 ) contained 4.5 +/- 0.5 g @entity435 .kg-1.d-1 for 3 days followed by 8.2 +/- 0.4 g @entity435 kg-1.d-1 for 3 days. Training consisted of daily runs of 90, 40, 40, 20, and 20 min at approximately 75% of VO2max. Day 6 was a rest day, and testing was completed on Day 7. Preexercise @entity880 , body weight, submaximal VO2, and heart rate did not differ significantly between treatments. @entity1735 oxidation during submaximal running was higher (p < 0.05) after @entity2914 than after @entity325 . Time to exhaustion in the performance run was longer after @entity2914 compared to @entity325 . Results indicate that a @entity1735 loading regimen increases @entity435 oxidation during submaximal exercise and improves high intensity, short duration run performance.

title: A XXXX loading regimen improves high intensity, short duration exercise performance.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed diet', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: @entity75 are rare @entity3478 and they are usually divided into @entity10545 and @entity13626 based on their biological behavior. Both lesions are prevalent in the spine, with the lamina and pedicle being involved frequently. Long diagnostic delays are frequent. @entity158 , the most prominent symptom, is often nocturnal and is relieved by @entity117 in 30 to 40% of @entity1 . @entity158 occurs in 50% of the @entity1 . The most common physical finding is tenderness in the vicinity of the lesion. @entity16 are more frequent in @entity1 with @entity13626 , which frequently extend into the neural canal. Tomograms are invaluable in most @entity1 in whom plain films are normal. The bone scan is one of the most important diagnostic studies and provides an excellent means of accurately demonstrates the location and extent of the @entity5 . Permanent relief of @entity158 and neurological recovery is dependent primarily on total @entity75 .

title: XXXX and @entity13626 of the spine.

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['benign osteoblastomas', 'osteoblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Benign osteoblastic lesions', 'removal of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteomas']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'Radicular pain']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['Osteoid osteomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity544 ( @entity515 ) lasers deliver energy with minimal thermal spread to tissues during dissection. Excess thermal spread during dissection of the neurovascular bundle (NVB) can affect potency in @entity1 after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We report on a novel delivery mechanism for @entity515 laser energy through a flexible fiber to enhance accuracy of NVB dissection during RARP. MATERIALS: A feasibility study of the OmniGuide BeamPath URO-LG @entity515 laser fiber for NVB dissection was performed on 10 @entity1 with primary Gleason 3 T1c @entity263 during RARP. Bilateral lateral fascial antegrade nerve sparing was performed. We evaluated fiber performance, safety, and efficacy. RESULTS: The fiber was inserted through the 12-mm assistant's port and easily manipulated by robotic instruments. Once pedicles were clipped and dissected, the laser fiber was effective in establishing planes of dissection between prostatic capsule and NVB. The endoscopically discernable thermal laser footprint was small, with minimal thermal spread during nerve sparing, meticulous dissection of NVB, and fascial layer identification. Although the laser did provide extremely accurate dissection, it was unable to serve as an adequate means of larger @entity3459 . CONCLUSIONS: The flexible @entity515 laser fiber was easily manipulated. @entity4438 sparing was facilitated with the fiber. Long-term follow-up is necessary to determine efficacy of this technology versus conventional techniques on the NVB. Larger studies are currently in progress to determine if use of the flexible @entity515 laser fiber results in improvements in functional outcomes with regard to return of sexual potency after RARP.

title: Use of a flexible XXXX laser fiber for precise dissection of the neurovascular bundle during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['Identification of fascial layers during nerve']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['vessel coagulation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: Given its increasing incidence and serious complications, @entity170 requires safe and effective long-term treatment. @entity176 (SR) is an @entity170 treatment with a unique mode of action, which was launched in 2004. It has been investigated in the Spinal @entity170 Therapeutic Intervention (SOTI) and the TReatment Of @entity1897 (TROPOS) trials, two major 3-year multinational placebo-controlled Phase III randomized clinical trials. In SOTI, SR treatment reduced the risk of @entity174 by 41% (20.9 vs 32.8%; P < 0.001); in TROPOS, it reduced the risk of @entity174 by 16% (11.2 vs 12.9%; P = 0.04) and the risk of @entity173 in @entity1 at high risk by 36% (4.3 vs 6.4%; P = 0.046). Unlike anti-resorptive agents, SR produced steady and significant BMD increases that correlated directly with decreases in vertebral and @entity173 risk. Preplanned analysis of the pooled dataset from SOTI and TROPOS showed that SR was effective whether or not @entity1 had key risk factors for @entity174 at baseline. SR was also effective in @entity1 with @entity2331 and younger postmenopausal @entity1 aged 50-65 years. Finally, SR significantly attenuated height loss and @entity615 . The safety profile of SR was almost similar to placebo in both trials. Thus, SR demonstrates broad spectrum safety and efficacy in reducing the risks of both vertebral and non-vertebral (including hip) @entity174 in a wide variety of @entity1 , and should be considered as a first-line option to treat @entity1 at risk of @entity3604 , whatever their age, the severity of the disease and their risk factors.

title: @entity170 : from early XXXX prevention to better bone health with @entity176 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['non-vertebral fracture', 'fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral OSteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['decreased back pain']

entities_list: @entity176 :: ('MESH:C081587', 'Chemical') :: ['Strontium ranelate']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few options for @entity0 @entity1 with spinal @entity3 recurrent within a previous radiation treatment field. CyberKnife radiosurgery has been used in our institution to treat such @entity1 . To evaluate their outcomes, as there are no comparable radiation treatment options, the outcomes were compared between 18 @entity1 with spinal @entity3 from @entity0 treated with CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery, 17 of which had prior radiotherapy to the involved spinal region and were progressing, and 18 matched @entity1 who received conventional external beam radiotherapy (CRT) up-front for spinal @entity3 . METHODS: Radiosurgery was delivered in 3 to 5 fractions to doses ranging from 2100 to 2800 cGy. @entity1 were matched to @entity1 in a CRT group with respect to time from original diagnosis to diagnosis of @entity3 , @entity172 receptor / @entity1420 receptor (ER/PR) status, presence or absence of visceral @entity3 , prior radiotherapy, and prior chemotherapy. Survival and complications were compared between treatment groups. Surviving @entity1 were followed out to 24 months. RESULTS: The CyberKnife and CRT groups were comparable along all matching dimensions and in performance status before treatment. Outcomes of treatment were similar for @entity1 in both groups; ambulation, performance status, and @entity158 worsened similarly across groups posttreatment. Survival and the number of complications appeared to favor the CyberKnife group, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical comparability of the CyberKnife and CRT groups reflects the small sample size and stringent requirements for significance of the matched-pair analysis. Nevertheless, comparability in these difficult cases shows that salvage CyberKnife treatment is as efficacious as initial CRT without added @entity137 .

title: Cyberknife radiosurgery for @entity0 spine XXXX : a matched-pair analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: This review highlights newer insights into possible pathogenic mechanisms, clinical features, and treatment of @entity120 . A disease once believed to be found only in younger @entity1 , it has now been well documented to occur in both the young and elderly, with a female to male distribution of approximately 1.7:1 at all ages. Several possible etiologic mechanisms have recently been elucidated. Evidence has been forthcoming suggesting a possible role for @entity2871 being produced by the pulmonary vascular bed, an underlying abnormality in clot lysis, the presence of antinuclear antibodies which could represent a @entity1413 involving the lung, and a potential aggravating role of female hormones. Unfortunately, the major frustration with @entity120 remains its treatment. Some investigators suggest that anticoagulation may have beneficial effects on long-term survival, although this remains controversial. Most of the recently published articles on therapy have dealt with the use of vasodilators. A careful review of the effectiveness of vasodilators in these @entity1 has failed to show that their chronic use alters either the @entity1 's clinical course, survival, or the disease process itself. It does appear, however, that sustained beneficial effects can be realized in some @entity1 if a substantial reduction in the pulmonary artery pressure is achieved with drug treatment. A thorough understanding of the physiologic characteristics of the pulmonary vascular bed is necessary in order to avoid misinterpreting the effects of vasodilators, which can also be detrimental. The development of vasodilators that are more specific for the pulmonary vascular bed may lead to better clinical results. Strategies for making an earlier diagnosis, however, may be equally important in our attempts to improve the prognosis.

title: XXXX : recent advances.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['primary pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Primary pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: A case is reported of acute @entity1224 and @entity4 of mixed origin (cardiogenic and non cardiogenic), occurring in a @entity1 after surgical treatment for @entity2293 due to a mediastinal @entity5 . This 45 year old female @entity1 had a @entity1893 , mostly located within the anterior and middle mediastinum. When she developed @entity299 was carried out. The surgical procedure went well, despite an episode of severe @entity551 . Immediately after extubation, she developed @entity2121 breathing with retraction and cyanosis. She was reintubated and ventilated. The chest X-ray showed @entity2617 , mostly around the hilar. Two hours later, she was again extubated and developed again the same @entity1576 . This time, she was intubated and ventilated for 48 h. She was then extubated with no problem. It seemed most probable that transmission to the interstitial space of a negative intrapleural pressure due to the inspiratory efforts made against an occluded airway was the principal mechanism responsible for the accumulation of fluid to this space.

title: [Acute pulmonary edema following @entity1224 and @entity2293 related to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral alveolar infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade, emergency cardiac decompression']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['mediastinal tumor']


abstract: Rhegmatogenous @entity1713 seen in black @entity1 attending King Edward @entity797 Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic over a 5-year period from January 1987 to December 1991 were reviewed. Penetrating @entity130 and @entity6 were excluded. There were 114 detachments in 112 @entity1 , which gave incidence of 0.46/100,000 of the population served per annum. This confirms the low incidence of this disorder found in black @entity1 in other series. @entity1 were comparatively young (37.5% less than 30 years of age), @entity1 outnumbered @entity1 2:1, and the incidence of blunt @entity130 was high (29.8%). Over one-third (36.6%) presented with a blind or poorly sighted opposite eye. Late presentation was common. Large posterior breaks occurred in 15.7% of detachments with severe proliferative @entity1715 in 33.3%. These last characteristics accounted for the use of vitrectomy with tamponade as a primary surgical procedure in 32.5% of cases and contributed to the relatively low success rate of reattachment (72.8%). Some of the findings may be influenced by social disadvantage, but the reason for the low incidence of @entity1713 in black @entity1 is not known. A stronger adherence of the retina to the retinal pigment epithelium in black @entity1 is postulated.

title: XXXX in black South Africans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment', 'retinal detachments']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['Retinal detachment']


abstract: The consolidation theory of long-term memory (e.g., Squire, 1992) predicts that damage to the medial temporal lobes will result in temporally graded retrograde @entity2414 , with a disproportionate impairment of recent relative to remote knowledge; in contrast, severe @entity194 of the temporal neocortex is predicted to result in the reverse temporally graded pattern, with a selective sparing of recent memory (K.S. Graham _ Hodges, 1997). Previously, we reported evidence that autobiographical episodic memory does not follow this temporal pattern (Westmacott, Leach, Freedman, _ Moscovitch, 2001). In the present study, we found evidence suggesting that semantic @entity2414 does follow the predicted temporal pattern. We used a set of tasks that tap implicit and explicit memory for famous names and English vocabulary terms from across the 20th century. KC, a @entity1 with medial temporal @entity2730 , consistently demonstrated across tasks a selective deficit for famous names and vocabulary terms from the 5-year period just prior to injury; this deficit was particularly profound for elaborated semantic knowledge (e.g., word definitions, occupation of famous @entity1 ). However, when asked to guess on unfamiliar items, KC's performance for names and words from this 5-year time period increased substantially, suggesting that he retains some of this knowledge at an implicit or rudimentary level. Conversely, EL, a semantic @entity303 @entity1 with temporal neocortical @entity194 and relative sparing of the medial temporal lobe, demonstrated a selective sparing of names and words from the most recent time period. However, this selective sparing of recent semantic memory was demonstrated in the implicit tasks only; performance on explicit tasks suggested an equally severe impairment of semantics across all time periods. Unlike the data from our previous study of autobiographical episodic memory, these findings are consistent with the predictions both of consolidation theory (Hodges _ Graham, 1998; Squire, 1992) and multiple trace theory (Nadel _ Moscovitch, 1999) that the hippocampus plays a timelimited role in the acquisition and representation of long-term semantic memories. Moreover, our findings suggest that tasks requiring minimal verbal production and explicit recall may provide a more sensitive and comprehensive assessment of intact memory capacity in brain-damaged individuals.

title: Temporally graded semantic @entity2414 in XXXX and semantic @entity303 : Further evidence for opposite gradients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

answer: @entity2730 :: (MESH:D000647,Disease) :: ['amnesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8171 is a severe @entity1112 characterized by @entity1032 , @entity154 , @entity790 and @entity7723 . The disease is caused by mutations in @entity8171 gene, which encodes a protein belonging to the SWI/SNF DNA helicase family, a group of proteins involved in the regulation of gene transcription at the chromatin level. In order to identify specific genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, we compared, by cDNA microarray, the expression levels of approximately 8500 transcripts between @entity8171 and normal males of comparable age. METHODS: cDNA microarray was performed using total RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of @entity8171 and normal males. Microarray results were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: cDNA microarray analysis showed that 35 genes had a lower expression (30-35% of controls) while 25 transcripts had a two-fold higher expression in comparison to controls. In the microarray results the probe for @entity14673 , a gene known for its involvement in @entity1032 , showed a decreased hybridization signal. However, such gene was poorly expressed in blood mononuclear cells and its decrease was not confirmed in the quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay. On the other hand, the expression of an homologous gene, the GTPase regulator associated with the focal adhesion kinase 1/ @entity14673 -like ( @entity20661 / @entity20661 ), was relatively high in blood mononuclear cells and significantly decreased in @entity8171 @entity1 . The analysis of the expression pattern of the @entity20661 / @entity20661 gene in @entity1 tissues and organs revealed the predominant brain expression of a novel splicing isoform, called variant-3. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the hypothesis of a primary role for altered gene expression in @entity8171 syndrome and suggest that the @entity20661 / @entity20661 gene might be involved in the pathogenesis of the @entity1032 . Moreover a novel alternative splicing transcript of such gene, predominantly expressed in brain tissues, was identified.

title: Decreased expression of @entity20661 / XXXX in the @entity1112 thalassemia @entity1032 .

entities_list: @entity7723 :: ('MESH:D017085', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity14673 :: ('4983', 'Gene') :: ['Oligophrenin-1', 'oligophrenin-1']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked disorder']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital abnormalities']

answer: @entity20661 :: (23092,Gene) :: ['OPHN-1-L']


abstract: @entity1125 , encompassing @entity1126 , has a poor prognosis, but little is known of the etiology. A nested case-control study was here conducted to evaluate the association between serum levels of @entity442 , @entity5100 and @entity2301 and death from @entity1125 . In a large scale cohort study, 35 gallbladder and 42 @entity1126 were observed during the follow-up. For each subject in the case group, 1-3 control subjects (228 in total) were selected randomly, matched for sex, age (as near as possible) and residential area. The subjects were divided into tertiles by circulating levels of @entity442 , @entity5100 or @entity2301 . Using conditional logistic regression, risks among the tertiles were compared adjusted for defecation, smoking and drinking habits. No remarkable differences in risks of @entity1126 were observed among tertiles of @entity442 or @entity5100 , and no remarkable trend was observed. Circulating @entity2301 showed an inverse U-shape association with @entity1086 and a U-shaped one with @entity1126 . Associations between @entity442 or @entity5100 and @entity1126 thus were lacking or very weak. The observed U- and inverse U-shaped association of @entity2301 with the @entity5 is not suggestive of any meaningful relationships.

title: Lack of association between risk of @entity1125 and circulating IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factor) -I, XXXX or @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ): A nested case-control study in a large scale cohort study in Japan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder or bile duct cancer', 'bile duct cancer', 'bile duct cancers', 'gallbladder and bile duct cancers']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer', 'Biliary tract cancer']

answer: @entity5100 :: (3481,Gene) :: ['IGF-II']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the strategy of first-trimester @entity2007 screening in pregnancies at risk for homozygous a(0)-thalassemian. METHODS: @entity1 at risk of homozygous a(0)- @entity2395 were given an ultrasound examination at 11-14 weeks' gestation to exclude an affected pregnancy. Fetal cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and nuchal translucence (NT) were measured. If @entity1283 was found, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was offered for @entity2395 ; otherwise the first-trimester combined screening test was performed on the pregnancy. The invasive testing for karyotyping was only followed in those cases with a positive @entity2007 screening test. RESULTS: In total, 69 of 288 pregnancies were found to be affected by homozygous a(0)- @entity2395 using ultrasound, and the findings were confirmed by invasive testing. In the remaining 219 pregnancies, invasive testing was not performed for @entity2395 because of a normal fetal CTR, and the @entity1 received the first-trimester combined screening. Nine CVS procedures were performed for karyotyping because of a positive @entity2007 screening. Totally three pregnancies with @entity2007 were diagnosed and terminated. CONCLUSIONS: Our strategy can selectively detect @entity2007 pregnancies not affected by homozygous @entity2395 , and, meanwhile, save on the cost of unnecessary @entity2007 screening or karyotyping in pregnancies with an affected fetus of homozygous a(0)- @entity2395 .

title: First-trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 in @entity1 at risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['a-thalassemia', 'thalassemia']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['a-thalassemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity20708 is a novel, centrally acting analgesic with mu-opioid receptor agonist and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor activity. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity20708 extended release (ER) compared with @entity1288 controlled release (CR) for management of moderate to severe @entity102 -related knee @entity158 . METHODS: this was a randomized, double-blind, active- and placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, multicentre, phase III study during which @entity1 received @entity20708 ER, @entity1288 CR or placebo for a 3-week titration period followed by a 12-week maintenance period. The study was carried out at sites in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the US. A total of 1030 @entity1 with @entity102 -related knee @entity158 were randomized to receive @entity20708 ER 100-250 mg twice daily, @entity1288 HCl CR 20-50 mg twice daily or placebo. Primary endpoints (as determined prior to initiation of the study) were the changes from baseline in average daily @entity158 intensity (rated by @entity1 on an 11-point numerical rating scale) over the last week of maintenance and over the entire 12-week maintenance period; last observation carried forward was used to impute missing values after early treatment discontinuation. RESULTS: efficacy and safety were evaluated for 1023 @entity1 . @entity20708 ER significantly reduced average @entity158 intensity from baseline to week 12 of the maintenance period versus placebo (least squares mean [LSM] difference [95% CI], -0.7 [-1.04, -0.33]), and throughout the maintenance period (-0.7 [-1.00, -0.33]). @entity1288 CR significantly reduced average @entity158 intensity from baseline throughout the maintenance period versus placebo (LSM difference [95% CI], -0.3 [-0.67, -0.00]) but not at week 12 (-0.3 [-0.68, 0.02]). A significantly higher percentage of @entity1 achieved > or =50% improvement in @entity158 intensity in the @entity20708 ER group (32.0% [110/344]) compared with the placebo group (24.3% [82/337]; p = 0.027), indicating a clinically significant improvement in @entity158 intensity, while a significantly lower percentage of @entity1 achieved > or =50% improvement in @entity158 intensity in the @entity1288 CR group (17.3% [59/342]; p = 0.023 vs placebo). In the placebo, @entity20708 ER and @entity1288 CR groups, respectively, 61.1% (206/337), 75.9% (261/344) and 87.4% (299/342) of @entity1 reported at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE); incidences of gastrointestinal-related TEAEs were 26.1% (88/337), 43.0% (148/344) and 67.3% (230/342). CONCLUSION: treatment with @entity20708 ER 100-250 mg twice daily or @entity1288 HCl CR 20-50 mg twice daily was effective for the management of moderate to severe @entity102 -related knee @entity158 , with substantially lower incidences of gastrointestinal-related TEAEs associated with treatment with @entity20708 ER than with @entity1288 CR.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX extended release compared with @entity1288 controlled release for the management of moderate to severe chronic pain related to osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled phase III study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone', 'Oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity20708 :: ('MESH:C523979', 'Chemical') :: ['Tapentadol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity20708 :: (MESH:C523979,Chemical) :: ['Tapentadol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the independent and interactive effects of @entity308 and @entity148 as predictors of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events in a sample of @entity1 with suspected @entity741 . Symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 overlap strongly and are independent predictors of @entity65 events. Although these symptoms commonly co-occur in medical @entity1 , little is known about combined effects of @entity308 and @entity148 on @entity65 risk. METHOD: A total of 489 @entity1 completed a baseline protocol including coronary angiogram, @entity65 risk factor assessment, and questionnaire-based measures of @entity308 and @entity148 , using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI), respectively. @entity1 were followed for a median 5.9 years to track the prevalence of @entity65 events ( @entity64 , @entity583 , @entity712 , and @entity65 -related mortality). We tested the BDI x STAI interaction effect in addition to the BDI and STAI main effects. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 (15.3% of sample) experienced a @entity65 event, of which 18 were @entity204 attributed to cardiovascular causes. Results using Cox regression indicated a significant BDI x STAI interaction effect in the prediction of @entity65 events (p = .02) after covariate adjustment. Simple effect analyses indicated that @entity308 scores were significant predictors of @entity65 events among @entity1 with @entity148 (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.3 [in standard deviation units]; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.3-3.9; p = .005) but not among @entity1 with higher levels of @entity148 (HR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.70-1.4; p = .95). CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with suspected @entity741 , the value of @entity308 symptoms for predicting @entity65 events varied by the severity of comorbid @entity148 . These results suggest that the clinical utility of @entity308 measures may be improved by using them in combination with measures of @entity148 .

title: Comorbid @entity308 and @entity148 as predictors of cardiovascular events: results from the NHLBI-sponsored XXXX 's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'low anxiety scores']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS: ultibacillary @entity1 are the major source of @entity281 . Nevertheless, the risk is higher in household contacts between multibacillary @entity1 than paucibacillary @entity1 and in the general population. Household contacts are in close genetic relationship with the index case- @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate epidemiological data of the following variables: age, gender, education level, genetic proximity, and type of contact with the index case- @entity1 (household or not) in 107 families with @entity1201 . METHODS: Home visits were conducted to clinically examine family members. The medical charts of index case- @entity1 and co-prevalent cases were reviewed. RESULTS: The controlled analysis of variables such as type of contact and genetic proximity revealed that household contacts and first-degree kinship are independently associated with a higher chance of contracting the disease. CONCLUSION: Household contacts are often genetically closer to the index case- @entity1 . To investigate the independent relevance of these risks in @entity1201 contact studies has been a challenge. Our results confirm literature data that show the influence of genetics in the susceptibility to @entity1201 per se.

title: Epidemiologic study of 107 cases of families with XXXX in Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection in leprosy']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['leprosy surveillance', 'leprosy']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The diagnosis of @entity1897 is based on clinical examination. Nerve conduction study (NCS) enables earlier diagnosis, but it is demanding and requires specialised personnel. In an attempt to simplify the procedure, this study aimed to identify a new electrophysiological index, which might correlate with results obtained on standardised NCS in @entity1 with long-standing type 2 @entity6 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Medical records of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 evaluated for @entity16 by NCS were reviewed retrospectively. This analysis included 104 @entity1 (50 @entity1 , 54 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 67.1  5.5 years and mean @entity6 duration of 13.1  2.7 years. NCS was performed on radial, ulnar, sural, and peroneal nerves. @entity16 was defined as impaired NCS. Ratios of neurophysiological parameters from these nerves were calculated and each of them was compared with diagnosis of @entity16 . RESULTS: The sural sensory/radial motor amplitude ratio had the best combination of sensitivity (85%) and specificity (71%) for @entity16 . It also remained the strongest independent predictor of @entity16 in multivariate regression analysis: low levels of this ratio yielded an odds ratio of 7.7 for @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: The sural sensory/radial motor amplitude ratio has a high sensitivity and a moderately high specificity for the diagnosis of @entity16 , low levels being associated with a nearly eightfold increase in the risk for @entity16 . These results encourage further evaluation of this and other electrophysiological indices to enable wider availability of NCS.

title: The sural sensory/radial motor amplitude ratio for the diagnosis of @entity1897 in type 2 XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) has reached pandemic proportions. The impact of it and its long-term sequelae represent a significant burden for many healthcare systems around the world, and a significant number of @entity1 struggle to achieve the internationally recommended targets for the modifiable risk factors that optimize healthy outcomes. In the first part of this two-part review, the scene was set showing that there seems to be a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) gap hindering successful management of @entity2175 . Although theoretical knowledge about how @entity2175 should be managed exists, the attitude of @entity1 and healthcare professionals seems to influence the practicalities of implementing life-enhancing changes for @entity1 living with @entity6 . Following the chronic care model, macro-level initiatives such as Finland's national @entity6 program, "The Development Programme for the Prevention and Care of @entity6 " (DEHKO), encourage a coordinated, supportive policy and financial environment for healthcare system change, and are advocated by the International @entity6 Federation. Over a 10-year period, the DEHKO program aims to demonstrate that a top-down population approach to prevention, focusing on reducing @entity28 , increasing physical activity, and encouraging healthier eating habits, may improve the overall health of the nation. However, the @entity1 is the focus of day-to-day management of @entity2175 , and innovative strategies that use a community (meso-level) approach to encourage self-management, or that embrace new technologies to access @entity6 self-management education or support networks, are likely to be the way forward. Such measures may close the apparent KAP gap and bring about real and measurable benefits in quality of life and life expectancy. The second part of this review describes some of the many and varied initiatives designed to engage and empower @entity1 to self-manage their @entity2175 , with the aim of increasing the proportion of @entity1 reaching health-related targets. This will ultimately impact on national health systems and the quality of life of the nation.

title: Engaging and empowering XXXX to manage their type 2 @entity6 , Part II: Initiatives for success.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Exogenous RNA containing the @entity2235 early polyadenylation site was efficiently and accurately polyadenylated in in vitro nuclear extracts. Correct cleavage required @entity855 . In the absence of @entity855 , nonpoly(A)+ products accumulated which were 18 to 20 @entity2036 longer than the RNA generated by correct cleavage; the longer RNA terminated adjacent to the downstream TG element required for polyadenylation. In the presence of @entity855 analogs, alternate cleavage was not observed; instead, correct cleavage without poly(A) addition occurred. @entity855 -independent cleavage of @entity2235 early RNA had many of the same properties as correct cleavage including requirements for an intact AAUAAA element, a proximal 3' terminus, and extract small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. This similarity in reaction parameters suggested that @entity855 -independent cleavage is an activity of the normal polyadenylation machinery. The @entity855 -independent cleavage product, however, did not behave as an intermediate in polyadenylation. The alternate RNA did not preferentially chase into correctly cleaved material upon readdition of @entity855 ; instead, poly(A) was added to the 3' terminus of the cleaved RNA during a chase. Purified @entity855 -independent cleavage RNA, however, was a substrate for correct cleavage when reintroduced into the nuclear extract. Thus, alternate cleavage of polyadenylation sites adjacent to a required downstream sequence element is directed by the polyadenylation machinery in the absence of @entity855 .

title: In vitro cleavage of the XXXX early polyadenylation site adjacent to a required downstream TG sequence.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity2235 :: (10633,Species) :: ['simian virus 40']


abstract: The @entity8315 (JCV) may infect @entity1 oligodendrocytes and consequently cause progressive multifocal @entity62 (PML) in @entity1 with @entity3230 . In addition, the virus has also been detected in other @entity1 tissues, including kidney, B lymphocytes, and gastrointestinal tissue. The recombinant major structural protein, VP1, of JCV is able to self-assemble to form a virus-like particle ( @entity19167 ). It has been shown that the @entity19167 is capable of packaging and delivering exogenous DNA into @entity1 cells for gene expression. However, gene transfer is not efficient when using in vitro DNA packaging methods with VLPs. In this study, a novel in vivo DNA packaging method using the JCV @entity19167 was used to obtain high efficiency gene transfer. A reporter gene, the green fluorescence protein, and a suicide gene, the herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase (tk), were encapsidated into VLPs in @entity526 . The @entity19167 was used to specifically target @entity1 @entity694 (COLO-320 HSR) cells in a nude @entity19 model. Intraperitoneal administration of @entity4540 in the tk- @entity19167 -treated @entity19 greatly reduced @entity5 volume. These findings suggest that it will be possible to develop the JCV @entity19167 as a gene delivery vector for @entity1 @entity694 therapy in the future.

title: Efficient gene transfer using the XXXX @entity8315 -like particle that inhibits @entity1 @entity694 growth in a nude @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']