abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity420 of the oesophagogastric junction are increasingly being considered as a separated @entity5 entity. The prognosis is rather poorer compared with that for @entity356 . Data from a multicentre study as part of research on clinical care aim to reflect the current situation in surgical treatment after inauguration of neoadjuvant modalities. @entity1 AND METHOD: As part of the ongoing prospective multicentre observational study QCGC 2 (German @entity356 Study 2), 544 @entity420 of the oesophagogastric junction (AEG 1-3) were registered from 01/01/2007 to 12/31/2009. RESULTS: @entity1 underwent surgical intervention in 108 (76.6 %) of the 141 surgical departments which provided data to the study. In 391 @entity1 (82.5 %), R0 resection was achieved. Almost 60 % of the @entity189 of the oesophagogastric junction were approached in departments with no more than 10 of these @entity5 lesions through the whole study period (3 years). Endoscopic ultrasonography was performed in 283 cases (53 %); the rate of neoadjuvant treatment was 34.4 % (n = 187). Intraoperative fresh frozen section was only included in intraoperative decision-making in 242 @entity1 (60.8 %). In the revealed heterogeneous spectrum of surgical interventions, a limited number of transthoracic approaches (20 %) and a mediastinal lymphadenectomy rate of only 47 % were found. @entity580 was 6.6 %. In the @entity420 of the oesophagogastric junction, a significantly lower median survival (25 months) compared with @entity356 (38 months) was observed depending on the @entity5 stage. In addition, 5-year survival rate of AEG @entity1 (33.1 %) was distinctly lower than for @entity1 with @entity356 (41.4 %). There was no significantly better survival by neoadjuvant treatment in the group of investigated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results in the treatment of @entity189 of the oesophagogastric junction in the multicentre setting including surgical departments of each profile and region even after introduction of multimodal therapeutic concepts are not satisfying. In particular, modern diagnostic and surgical strategies need to be widely used or their percentage has to be increased. In this context, centralisation of the surgical care of this specific @entity5 entity appears reasonable.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX of the oesophagogastric junction - results achieved in multicentre studies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital lethality']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['distal gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intradural-extramedullary cavernomas of the spine are rare lesions with only 21 published cases to date. Due to their rareness and special characteristics diagnosis often is difficult. We report on an additional case of an intradural-extramedullary cavernoma of the spine. @entity1 : A 56-year-old male presented with left shoulder @entity158 and acute onset of @entity158 affecting the whole spinal column two weeks prior to admission. There were no motor deficits, but a @entity1183 corresponding to the right distal C8-dermatome. MRI revealed an intradural-extramedullary, expansive lesion at the level of C6 with a hyperintense appearance in both T (1)- and T (2)-weighted images. Neither a hemosiderin rim nor contrast enhancement was visible. RESULTS: During surgery a @entity1410 and a @entity5 adherent to the left motor root C7 were removed. There were no new @entity51 , and shoulder and back @entity158 resolved within a few weeks after surgery. Histopathologically a cavernous @entity2695 was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 's symptoms were caused both by @entity2850 and by spinal @entity548 , most likely spinal @entity4970 . As there was no characteristic hemosiderin rim and due to the hyperintense appearance in T (1)- and T (2)-weighted MR scans, a radiological diagnosis of @entity548 and classification of the lesion was difficult. Despite their rareness, in @entity1 with signs of spontaneous, @entity2850 syndromes @entity2477 have to be considered as a potential cause.

title: Intradural-extramedullary cavernous XXXX of the left motor root C7--case report and update of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reddish, berry-like tumor']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['direct nerve compression', 'spinal SAH and/or nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangiomas']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: This study tested the relationship between prelinguistic vocalization and expressive vocabulary 1 year later in young @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity245 . Three vocalization variables were tested: rate of all vocalization, rate of vocalizations with consonants, and rate of vocalizations used interactively. The 58 toddlers in the study were 17-34 months old, not sensory impaired, and had Bayley Mental Development Indices (Bayley, 1969; Bayley, 1993) from 35-85. In addition, the @entity1 had fewer than 3 words in their expressive vocabularies and during classroom observation each showed at least one instance of intentional prelinguistic communication before testing. Selected sections of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales procedures ( @entity48948 ; Wetherby _ Prizant, 1993) were administered at the beginning and at the end of the study. The vocal measures were obtained in the initial @entity48948 session. One measure of expressive vocabulary was obtained in the @entity48948 session at the end of the study. In addition, expressive vocabulary was measured in a nonstructured play session at the end of the study. We predicted that rate of vocalization, rate of vocalizations with consonants, and rate of vocalizations used interactively would all be positively related to later expressive vocabulary. The results confirmed the predictions.

title: The relationship between prelinguistic vocalization and later expressive vocabulary in young @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delays']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['developmental delay']


abstract: This study provides basic data on the normal structure of the inferior olivary complex (IOC) of the @entity15382 , @entity15382 , at the light microscopic level. In common with that of other mammals, the @entity15382 IOC consisted of three major nuclei and four minor groups of cells. The former was comprised of the medial and dorsal accessory olives (MAO and @entity47554 , respectively) and the principal olive (PO), and the latter was comprised of the dorsal cap, nucleus beta, ventrolateral outgrowth and dorsomedial cell column. The MAO had the longest rostral to caudal representation and formed the caudal pole of IOC. The @entity47554 was located dorsally to the MAO in the caudal half of the IOC. In the rostral half, the @entity47554 bended ventrally and merged with the dorsal lamella of PO. More rostrally, the @entity47554 lost its connection with the dorsal lamella and then conversely connected with the ventral lamella of PO. The @entity47554 formed the rostral pole of the IOC. The PO extended through the rostral half of the IOC. The dorsal cap was a small group of cells. Overall, the @entity15382 IOC is similar to that of other mammals.

title: Morphological study on the inferior olivary nuclear complex of the XXXX ( @entity15382 ).

entities_list: @entity15382 :: ('9793', 'Species') :: ['Equus asinus', 'donkey']

answer: @entity15382 :: (9793,Species) :: ['donkey']


abstract: Cardiac function was determined non-invasively in 7 @entity1 (average age 24 years) with @entity5507 . Each was on maintenance hemodialysis. Echocardiograms and carotid pulse tracings were recorded 30 minutes prior to dialysis, and again 30 minutes, 24 and 48 hours following hemodialysis. End-diastolic and end-systolic diameters averaged 5.4 +/- 0.2 and 3.4 +/- 0.1 cm, respectively before and 5.0 +/- 0.2 and 3.2 +/- 0.1 cm immediately after hemodialysis (P less than 0.05 for both). Calculated @entity64 volume fell from 92.1 +/- 8.8 to 76.7 +/- 10.5 ml (P less than 0.025). Heart rate increased minimally, and average cardiac output was not significantly increased. Following dialysis, body @entity551 fell significantly. Thus preload as well as afterload declined. Because of the fall in both @entity64 volume and end-diastolic volume, a shift along the ventricular function curve downwards and to the left occurred implying diminished cardiac pumping function. Nonetheless the indices of myocardial contractility were normal and showed no change from pre-dialysis value. During the 48 hour interval following hemodialysis all measured and calculated values returned to pre-dialysis levels. Thus @entity299 as evaluated by non-invasive techniques does not appear to be a necessary sequel to @entity177 , at least in young @entity1 in a hemodialysis program. Gross abnormalities of myocardial function may be absent for at least seven years after the onset of @entity5507 .

title: Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in XXXX with @entity5507 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5507 :: ('MESH:D014511', 'Disease') :: ['chronic uremia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The model temperate grass @entity1102 is considered a nonhost for @entity3505 @entity66 caused by @entity22632 @entity10327 . tritici, P. triticina, and P. striiformis. Up to 140 @entity1102 accessions were infected with these three rust species, in addition to @entity22632 ff. spp. avena and phalaridis. Related @entity1102 lines showed similar cytological nonhost resistance (NHR) phenotypes, and an inverse relationship between @entity22632 @entity10327 . tritici and P. striiformis growth was observed in many lines, with accessions that allowed the most growth of @entity22632 @entity10327 . tritici showing the least P. striiformis development and vice versa. Callose deposition patterns during infection by all three rust species showed similarity to the @entity3505 basal defense response while cell death that resulted in autofluorescence did not appear to be a major component of the defense response. Infection of @entity1102 with @entity22632 @entity10327 . avena and @entity22632 @entity10327 . phalaridis produced much greater colonization, indicating that @entity22632 rusts with Poeae hosts show greater ability to infect @entity1102 than those with Triticeae hosts. P. striiformis infection of progeny from two @entity1102 families demonstrated that these NHR phenotypes are highly heritable and appear to be under relatively simple genetic control, making this species a powerful tool for elucidating the molecular basis of NHR to cereal rust pathogens.

title: Infection of XXXX with selected grass rust pathogens.

entities_list: @entity1102 :: ('15368', 'Species') :: ['Brachypodium', 'Brachypodium distachyon', 'B. distachyon']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rust diseases']

entities_list: @entity22632 :: ('5297', 'Species') :: ['Puccinia graminis', 'P. graminis']

answer: @entity1102 :: (15368,Species) :: ['Brachypodium distachyon']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome in @entity1 with @entity76 (GBM) treated in 15 institutions of the Rare Cancer Network. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from a series of 45 adult @entity1 with @entity76 were collected in a retrospective multicenter study. Median age was 50.3 years. Brainstem invasion was observed in 9 (20%) @entity1 . Radiotherapy (RT) was administered to 36 @entity1 (with concomitant chemotherapy, 7 @entity1 ). Adjuvant chemotherapy after RT was administered in 8 @entity1 . Median RT dose was 59.4 Gy. Median follow-up was 7.2 months (range, 3.4-39.0). RESULTS: The 1-year and 2-year actuarial overall survival rate was 37.8% and 14.7%, respectively, and was significantly influenced by salvage treatment (p = 0.048), @entity5 volume (p = 0.044), extent of neurosurgical resection (p = 0.019), brainstem invasion (p = 0.0013), additional treatment after surgery (p < 0.001), and completion of the initial treatment (p < 0.001) on univariate analysis. All @entity1 experienced local progression: 8 and 22 had progression with and without a distant failure, respectively. The 1- and 2-year actuarial progression free survival was 25% and 10.7%, respectively, and was significantly influenced by brainstem invasion (p = 0.002), additional treatment after surgery (p = 0.0016), and completion of the initial treatment (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, survival was negatively influenced by the extent of surgery (p = 0.03) and brainstem invasion (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter retrospective study, the observed pattern of failure was local in all cases, but approximately 1 @entity1 of 4 presented with an extracerebellar component. Brainstem invasion was observed in a substantial number of @entity1 and was an adverse prognostic factor.

title: Outcome and prognostic factors in XXXX multiforme in adults: a retrospective study from the Rare Cancer Network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar GBM', 'cerebellar glioblastoma']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar glioblastoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Carotid intima-media thickness as measured with ultrasonography is an inexpensive and noninvasive predictor of cardiovascular events. The objectives of this study were to determine the population reference ranges of carotid intima-media thickness for individuals aged 35-84 years in Spain and to analyze the association of carotid intima-media thickness with @entity65 factors (age, smoking, @entity6 , pulse pressure, lipid profile, and body mass index). METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Gerona (Spain). We described the mean and maximal values of carotid intima-media thickness of the carotid artery and of its 3 segments (common carotid, carotid bulb and internal carotid). We assessed @entity65 factors and analyzed their association with carotid intima-media thickness using adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS: A total of 3161 individuals (54% @entity1 ) were included, with mean age 58 years. @entity1 showed significantly higher mean common carotid intima-media thickness than did @entity1 (0.71 vs 0.67 mm). The strongest predictors of this measure were age (coefficients for 10-year increase: 0.65 and 0.58 for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively), smoking in @entity1 (coefficient: 0.26), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 in @entity1 (coefficient for 10 mg/dL, increase: -0.08) and pulse pressure in both sexes (coefficients for 10 mmHg increase: 0.08 and 0.23 for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively). The results were similar for the mean carotid intima-media thickness of all the segments. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study presents the reference ranges for carotid intima-media thickness in the Spanish population. The main determinants of carotid intima-media thickness were age and pulse pressure in both sexes.

title: Carotid intima-media thickness in the Spanish population: reference ranges and association with XXXX factors.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of intravenous @entity6555 and intravenous @entity2514 for acutely lowering blood pressure in the puerperium. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Critical care unit of gynecology and obstetrics department in the Complejo hospitalario "Dr. AAM" de la Caja de Seguro Social in Panama. POPULATION: Eighty-two @entity1 with severe @entity101 during the postpartum period. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity2514 (5 mg as a slow bolus dose given intravenously, and repeated every 20 minutes to a maximum of five doses) or @entity6555 (20 mg in an intravenous bolus dose followed by 40 mg if not effective within 20 minutes, followed by 80 mg every 20 minutes to a maximum dose of 300 mg). The primary endpoint was the successful lowering of blood pressure. Secondary endpoints were maternal complications and side-effects. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were enrolled in the @entity2514 group and 40 in the @entity6555 group. @entity1 were similar with respect to characteristics at randomization. No significant differences were observed for persistent severe @entity101 or maternal side-effects. There was only one case of persistent severe @entity101 in the @entity6555 group. There were no maternal deaths in any of the @entity1 studied. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized clinical trial shows that intravenous @entity2514 and intravenous @entity6555 are effective and safe in the management of severe @entity101 in the postpartum period.

title: Management of severe @entity101 in the postpartum period with intravenous XXXX or @entity6555 : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

answer: @entity2514 :: (MESH:D006830,Chemical) :: ['hydralazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2347 are @entity5 that may occur as a solitary lesion or in a multiple familiar pattern. Malignant change is rare. The association of multiple @entity17142 and @entity2347 , the so called @entity17142 , is supposed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. @entity1 : A 55 year old @entity1 presented with multiple @entity1489 on the scalp, as well as the nasolabial and periauricular area since the age of 20 years. Her daughter and her nephew were also affected. @entity5 were surgically removed for cosmetic reasons and showed histological signs of @entity2347 and @entity17142 . 35 years after diagnosis @entity1 presented with a large exulceration on the right occipital area with intracranial invasion. Staging revealed multiple @entity3 in both lungs. @entity1 died 1 month later. RESULTS: Histological examination showed beside zones of @entity11659 . The jigsaw puzzle pattern and the thick PAS positive basal layer, the striking characteristics of @entity2347 , were lost. These histological findings and the clinical presentation led to the diagnosis of cylindrocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Cylindrocarcinoma is an aggressive @entity5 with tendency to a local destructive growth and @entity3 . As malignant transformation of a benign cylindroma occurs more often in the multiple form a close follow-up of @entity1 with @entity2347 is necessary. A family study is indicated.

title: [Cylindrocarcinoma in a XXXX with @entity17142 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'benign adnexal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['cylindromas', 'Cutaneous cylindromas', 'multiple cylindromas', 'benign cylindromas']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity17142 :: ('MESH:C536611', 'Disease') :: ['Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome', 'trichoepitheliomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity11659 :: ('MESH:D047508', 'Disease') :: ['massive necrosis multiple mitosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The influence of a low-dose combined oral contraceptive ( @entity2082 30 micrograms + desogestrel 0.15 mg) on @entity190 ( @entity190 ) was evaluated in 20 healthy, young @entity1 . @entity190 prior to commencing oral contraception was 60.2 +/- 5.6 ml (range 22-116 ml), and decreased (p < 0.001) to 36.5 +/- 5.2 ml (range 7-80 ml) and 33.7 +/- 4.1 ml (range 5-70 ml) after 3 and 6 months' oral contraceptive medication, respectively. The reduction in @entity190 during oral contraception was most apparent during the first two days of menstruation. Five @entity1 had an @entity190 > 80 ml prior to commencing oral contraceptive medication. In all of these @entity1 , @entity190 during the 6th menstrual period after commencing oral contraception was < 80 ml. All the @entity1 included in this study had a normal blood hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and erythrocyte indices and there were no significant changes in these variables during the course of the study. Serum ferritin concentration prior to commencing oral contraception was 44.2 +/- 9.0 micrograms/l and was largely unchanged after 6 months' oral contraception (39.7 +/- 6.3 micrograms/l). On admission to the study, two @entity1 had a serum ferritin < 10 micrograms/l, indicative of low @entity68 stores. Both these @entity1 had an @entity190 > 80 ml at the baseline assessment. Serum ferritin concentration increased during oral contraceptive medication in both @entity1 (from 8.5 micrograms/l to 12.0 micrograms/l and from 5.4 micrograms/l to 6.8 micrograms/l, respectively). The duration of menstruation (p < 0.01) and the number of @entity1 suffering from @entity1834 (p < 0.05) was reduced during oral contraception.

title: The influence of a low-dose combined oral contraceptive on XXXX and @entity68 status.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual blood loss', 'MBL']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['menstrual blood loss']


abstract: Assessment ( @entity5 ) of workers exposed to vibration, based solely on a subjective history, has been shown to be unsatisfactory. The internationally agreed use of a sensorineural component in the Stockholm classification requires the use of sensory objective tests. Four hundred and twenty two subjects were assessed by a subjective history supplemented by multiple objective tests. These tests covered the vascular, sensorineural, musculoskeletal and dexterity aspects of @entity10795 . Tests to help with the differential diagnosis were also performed. Sensorineural tests are reported as are the associations between the subject's final Stockholm sensorineural @entity5 and the subject's aesthesiometry, temperature threshold results, and grip strength. Scoring systems for these tests were evolved. Data showed that multiple sensory tests increased the accuracy of @entity5 . Aesthesiometry, the temperature neutral zone tests, and grip strength were appropriate for the assessment of the sensory component, especially in separating sensorineural stages 0 and 1 from sensorineural stages 2 and 3. This is an important separation for an occupational physician monitoring subjects exposed to vibration. Analyses of the sensory tests clearly indicated that they need to be done on all digits. In this survey the sensorineural damage was greatest in the forefinger (second) and the little (fifth) fingers. No association was found between smoking and the final @entity5 , aesthesiometry, temperature neutral zone thresholds, or grip strength.

title: Sensorineural objective tests in the assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staging']

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['hand-arm vibration syndrome']

answer: @entity10795 :: (MESH:D053421,Disease) :: ['hand-arm vibration syndrome']


abstract: @entity455 are the first cause of mortality within the occidental world. In Spain, they represent 35.5% within the total of deceases. @entity455 , jointly with @entity6 Nephropaty, are the first cause of inclusion of @entity1 in dialysis. In precocious stages of @entity8 , and as a consequence of the inflammatory condition generated already exists @entity1504 . But its prevention is difficult, because habitually GFR is evaluated by means of plasmatic creatinin rate impeding the suitable detection of @entity8 prevailing. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevailing of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and its association with conventional @entity455 ( @entity455 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The epidemiologic study was made in a randomly selected population elder than 18 years. GFR was calculated using Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD methods, and the results were correlated with @entity455 . RESULTS: The studied population mean age is 50.49 +/- 16.28 years, @entity101 prevailing is 31.5%, @entity6 : 7.5%, @entity28 : 21.9%, dislip  nic: 35.62%, @entity417 : 1.4%. IV degree IRCO rate (GFR: 15-30 ml/min) is 0.7 (MDRD) with 69.43 +/- 12.58 years of age, and 1.5% (C-G) with 76.25 +/- 10.64 years of age. GFR, independently on the method used in its calculation, is significantly correlated with @entity823 (< 0.0001), pulse pressure (< 0.0001), Hb (0.0001), @entity28 (< 0.0001), Total @entity165 (< 0.0001), @entity1674 (< 0.0018), @entity6599 (< 0.0001), c-LDL (< 0.0001) e hiperuricemic (< 0.0001). GFR disparity depends on the equation used. It could be explained because C-G overestimate by "weigh" and it has higher deviation in lower renal function values. Whereas, using MDRD equation there is an overestimation by "age" and it has lower variability. CONCLUSIONS: In an aged population, the prevailing of @entity740 and the rate of @entity455 are high conferring high vascular risk. It will be necessary to adopt intervention measures in order to avoid @entity8 progress and its high morbid-mortality.

title: [Occult XXXX ( @entity740 ), and cardiovascular risk factors. Epidemiologic study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['VRF', 'Vascular diseases', 'vascular risk factors']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['OCKD', 'Occult Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: In the present study, the mechanism behind @entity15945 -induced @entity410 was examined using drugs acting on the @entity1246 - @entity1245 receptor complex in Mongolian gerbils. In addition, @entity535 concentrations in the brain were also investigated. In behavioral experiments, the incidence of tonic extensor was 83.3% in both the control and @entity5094 (0.5 mg/kg)-treated groups, 0% in the @entity1092 (200 mg/kg)-treated group, and 50% in the @entity5094 plus @entity1092 -treated group. However, @entity5094 did not antagonize the effect of @entity1092 on clonic @entity410 latency at all. @entity5757 , a @entity1245 receptor antagonist, was found to have an inhibitory effect on the anticonvulsant action of @entity3175 (0.5 mg/kg). The incidence of tonic extensor was 83.3% in @entity5757 (10 mg/kg)-treated group, 0% in the @entity3175 (0.5 mg/kg)-treated group, and 83% in the @entity5757 plus @entity3175 -treated group as well as the control group. @entity5757 also completely reversed the effect of @entity3175 on clonic @entity410 latency. In biochemical experiments, the concentration of the inhibitory @entity535 , @entity1246 , was significantly increased in the hippocampus (P<0.05) and cerebellum (P<0.01) in @entity3175 -treated animals. The increase of @entity1246 in the hippocampus and cerebellum was antagonized by the administration of @entity5757 . These results suggested that the anticonvulsant action of @entity3175 may be linked to increase in hippocampus and cerebellum @entity1246 concentrations. The findings suggest that the mechanism of @entity15945 -induced @entity410 , in part, is related to the highly sensitive @entity1245 site of the @entity1246 - @entity1245 receptor complex.

title: Effects of drugs acting on the @entity1246 - @entity1245 receptor complex on @entity15945 -induced XXXX in Mongolian gerbils.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity15945 :: ('MESH:D005481', 'Chemical') :: ['flurothyl']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil', 'Flumazenil']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: Despite new developments in multi-modality treatments, complete resection remains as an absolute requirement for cure of @entity1820 . We have reported benefits from combined treatment with complete cytoreduction and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. This has been achieved with low morbidity and mortality. Success in the surgical management of peritoneal surface malignancy depends on the surgeon's ability to complete complex cytoreductive procedures so that only microscopic @entity66 remains. This paper describes the current strategy that the surgical oncologist should pursue in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity298 , sarcomatosis and @entity2615 . Technical details required for this surgery include @entity1 position, incision and exposure, complete lysis of adhesion, electroevaporative dissection with irrigation and suction to preserve the translucent quality of tissues, peritonectomy procedures, proper positioning of tubes and drains for intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and reconstructive surgery. Understanding the treatment and mastery of surgical skills to manage the peritoneal surface spread of @entity5 has led to long-term survival of selected @entity1 . Combination of this treatment strategy with proper @entity1 selection has reduced the mortality and morbidity. The success of cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy depends on a long-term dedication to achieve the full potential of a curative outcome. Our unit has continued to achieve good results over two decades as improved results of treatment have evolved.

title: Cytoreduction and intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the management of @entity298 , sarcomatosis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether isotonic 5.0% @entity2656 is superior to 1.5% @entity2228 in preventing development of @entity75 . DESIGN: Prospective, comparative study (Canadian Task Force classification II=2). SETTING: Gynecology department of a community hospital. @entity1 : One hundred twenty-two @entity1 undergoing operative hysteroscopy. INTERVENTIONS: Eighteen blood serum chemical indicators analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively in 61 @entity1 undergoing operative hysteroscopy with 1. 5% @entity2228 (group 1) were compared with those of 61 @entity1 having similar surgery with 5.0% @entity2656 (group 2). Fluid deficit (difference between input and output volume of distention fluid) was recorded, and differences between presurgical and postsurgical indicators of the two groups (mean difference score) were compared. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean +/- SEM @entity1372 difference scores of groups 1 and 2 were -1.73 +/- 0.42 mEq/L (range -7.00 to 2.00 mEq/L) and -5.04 +/- 1.07 mEq/L (range -36.00 to 3.00 mEq/L), respectively (p <0.01). Serum osmolality difference scores were -6. 88 +/- 1.36 mmol/L (range -13.00 to -1.00 mmol/L) and -1.87 +/- 0.35 mmol/L (range -3 to 15 mmol/L), respectively (p <0.01). Distention fluid deficits were 0.435 +/- 0.071 L (range 0-2.448 L) and 0.473 +/- 0.084 L (range 0-3.640 L), respectively (p = 0.862). Two @entity1 (3.4%) in group 1 and five (8.2%) in group 2 developed postoperative asymptomatic @entity2753 (p = 0.211), which was the only complication. Two of the five @entity1 in group 2 developed severe @entity2753 . CONCLUSION: We found that 5.0% @entity2656 distention fluid produces greater postoperative @entity2753 than 1.5% @entity2228 , but @entity9680 does not occur with @entity2656 . Its use should lessen the risk of @entity75 .

title: Preventing @entity75 : comparison of serum @entity1372 and osmolality during operative hysteroscopy with 5.0% @entity2656 and 1.5% XXXX distention media.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['hypo-osmolality']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['dilutional hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: The inflammatory effects of respirable cellulose fibres were studied in two short-term animal models: intraperitoneal injection in @entity19 , and inhalation in @entity35 . The @entity19 peritoneal cavity is particularly sensitive to fibrous compared to non-fibrous particles. Both cellulose fibres and the positive control fibre, @entity17110 asbestos, were administered in doses ranging from 10(4) to 10(8) fibres and caused marked, dose-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells to the @entity19 peritoneal cavity, which was highest 1 day following injection. @entity17110 was much more active than cellulose, despite the mass dose of cellulose being 66 times greater for an equivalent number of fibres. @entity17110 at the higher doses caused @entity32 to persist through 7 days. For the inhalation study, @entity35 were exposed daily, 5 days per week, to aerosols of cellulose dust for ca. 3 weeks at a concentration of 1000 fibres ml(-1). Inhalation exposure induced an early inflammatory response in @entity35 lungs, as determined by bronchoalveolar lavage, which peaked at 1 day following the start of inhalation and thereafter declined, despite a further 13 days of exposure over a period of 18 calendar days. In vitro production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour @entity39 factor alpha ( @entity1505 ) by lavaged alveolar macrophages was markedly depressed by the end of the exposure period in cellulose-exposed animals, compared to sham-exposed controls, and this effect was still present in @entity35 that had been allowed to recover for 28 days beyond the end of exposure. We conclude that the cellulose material studied is less inflammogenic than @entity17110 and that the extent of the inflammatory response within the lung appears to reduce with continued exposure over a 14-day period.

title: Pulmonary and intraperitoneal XXXX induced by cellulose fibres.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity17110 :: ('MESH:D017638', 'Chemical') :: ['crocidolite', 'Crocidolite']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the multiple @entity25179 test should be used as an evaluative or a discriminative instrument for chronic ankle instability (CAI). DESIGN: Blinded case-control study. SETTING: : University research laboratory. @entity1 : Twenty-nine healthy subjects (21 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 , mean age 21.8 years) and 29 @entity1 with CAI (17 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 , mean age 24.9 years) were selected. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects performed a multiple @entity25179 test and hopped on 10 different tape markers while trying to avoid any postural correction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Minimal detectable changes (MDC) of the number of balance errors, the time value, and the visual analog scale (VAS) score (perceived difficulty) were calculated as evaluative measures. For the discriminative properties, a receiver operating characteristic curve was determined and the area under curve (AUC), the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy (DA), and likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated whether 1, 2, or 3 outcomes were positive. RESULTS: Based on their MDC, outcomes should, respectively, change by more than 7 errors (41%), 6 seconds (15%), and 27 mm (55%, VAS score) before considering it as a real change. Area under curves were, respectively, 79% (errors), 77% (time value), and 65% (VAS score). The most optimal cutoff point was, respectively, 13.5 errors, 35 seconds, and 32.5 mm. When 2 of 3 outcomes were positive, the sensitivity was 86%, the specificity was 79%, the DA was 83%, the positive LR was 4.2, and the negative LR was 0.17. CONCLUSIONS: The multiple @entity25179 test seems to be more a discriminative instrument for CAI, and its responsiveness needs to be demonstrated.

title: The multiple XXXX test: a discriminative or evaluative instrument for chronic ankle instability?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

answer: @entity25179 :: (84525,Gene) :: ['hop']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity530 is a difficult problem for the musculoskeletal oncologist. Poor rates of survival and high rates of local recurrence after surgical treatment have been reported in previous studies. The present study was designed to review the long-term oncologic and functional outcomes of surgical management in a large series of @entity1 with @entity530 who were treated at a single institution. METHODS: The cases of sixty-four @entity1 with localized @entity530 that had been surgically treated between 1975 and 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. The study was limited to @entity1 who had received no previous treatment for @entity511 . There were forty-one male and twenty-three female @entity1 who had a mean age of forty-seven years (range, fifteen to eighty-eight years). The @entity1 were followed for a minimum of three years or until @entity204 . The median duration of follow-up of the living @entity1 was 140 months (range, thirty-nine to 295 months). RESULTS: Thirty-three of the sixty-four @entity1 were first seen with grade-1 @entity511 ; twenty-three, with grade-2; one, with grade-3; and seven, with grade-4 (dedifferentiated @entity511 ). Thirteen @entity1 had a hemipelvectomy to achieve @entity5 control, whereas fifty-one @entity1 underwent a limb-salvage procedure. Twelve @entity1 (19%) had local recurrence, and eleven (17%) had distant metastases. At the time of the final follow-up, forty-four @entity1 (69%) were alive without evidence of disease, thirteen (20%) had died of the disease, six (9%) had died of unrelated causes, and one (2%) was alive with disease. Less than a wide surgical margin correlated with local recurrence (p = 0.014). High-grade @entity5 correlated with poor overall survival (p < 0.001). All @entity1 who had a limb-salvage procedure were able to walk at the time of the final follow-up, and they had a mean functional score of 77%, according to the system of the @entity85 Society. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive surgical resection of @entity530 results in long-term survival of the majority of @entity1 . There is a high correlation between @entity5 grade and overall or disease-free survival.

title: XXXX . A review of sixty-four cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['Chondrosarcoma of the pelvis']


abstract: We review the recent progress achieved on the understanding of the molecular basis of @entity3686 . This @entity74 is defined as progressive @entity1310 with @entity1274 . In 80%-85% of the families, inheritance is compatible with X-linked dominant transmission, whereas in the remaining cases autosomal dominant transmission is assumed. Histology studies demonstrated that the main defect is within the @entity631 ( @entity631 ). In addition, evidence for an altered @entity631 antigenicity came from immunofluorescence studies which showed a reduced or absent binding of anti- @entity631 autoantibodies or monoclonal antibodies to the "Goodpasture antigen" in some families. Subsequent studies added substantial evidence that @entity3686 is a type IV collagen disease. Genetic linkage analyses coherently identified an Alport locus at the X-chromosomal region Xq21.3-22. Recently, a previously unknown alpha 5 chain of type IV collagen was identified, and the corresponding gene was also mapped to Xq22. Subsequent studies on Alport families by various groups identified more than 25 @entity3687 lesions. Segregation in linkage with the Alport phenotype could be shown in large kindreds. Mainly deletions and only a few point mutations were described. @entity75 reported so far are heterogeneous. We were able to identify two deletions and one point mutation involving a 3' splice site in 20 Alport families from Germany. One of the @entity1 with a @entity3687 deletion and the @entity1 with the splice site mutation developed anti- @entity631 antibodies after renal transplantation. In contrast, no @entity3687 lesions have been found in 2 further @entity1 with posttransplant anti- @entity631 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Molecular aspects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Most lesions']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ["Alport's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'GBM', 'GBM nephritis']

answer: @entity3686 :: (MESH:D009394,Disease) :: ['Alport's syndrome']


abstract: Obesity continues to be a growing problem in both the developed and the developing world. Its strong link with co-morbid conditions such as type 2 @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity27 , and @entity308 presents an increasing strain on health care systems around the world. Diet and exercise alone has been shown to be largely ineffective at managing @entity28 . Surgery is the only evidence-based method of allowing morbidly @entity28 @entity1 to lose weight and to maintain this @entity353 . @entity28 individuals from bariatric surgery has also been found to markedly improve @entity28 -related co-morbid conditions, particularly, type 2- @entity6 . @entity6 from bariatric surgery has resulted in the inclusion of bariatric surgery, by the International @entity6 Taskforce, as a treatment modality for type-2 @entity6 . This consensus statement named four surgical options that have been found to be effective in both @entity353 and in inducing @entity6 . These four surgical procedures lead to @entity353 through restrictive and malabsorptive mechanisms. Each specific operation has a different level of efficacy in inducing @entity353 and @entity6 , as well as distinct types and rates of complications. This article reviews the best evidence that exists for the effectiveness and complications of these four operations.

title: Surgical interventions for XXXX and metabolic disease.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity', 'Weight-reduction in obese']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic remission', 'diabetes', 'diabetes remission', 'Diabetic remission']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight-loss', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether a shift in care from an inpatient-based to an outpatient-based bone marrow transplantation (BMT) program decreased charges to payers without increasing clinical complications or out-of-pocket costs to @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This nonrandomized prospective cohort study compared clinical and economic outcomes for 132 consecutive BMT @entity1 with @entity1583 who received either inpatient- or outpatient-based BMT care. RESULTS: Seventeen of 132 BMT @entity1 underwent outpatient-based BMT. Compared with the inpatient-based group, the outpatient-based group had a markedly lower mean number of inpatient hospital days (22 v 47; P <.001) and decreased mean inpatient facility charges ( 61,059 less per @entity1 ; P <.0001) but had higher mean outpatient facility charges ( 49,732 higher; P <. 0001). Total professional fees were similar for the groups. The mean total charge to payers was only 7% less ( 12,652; P =.21) for outpatient-based BMT than for inpatient-based BMT, but total charge was 34% less for outpatient compared with inpatient BMT ( 54,240; P = 0.056) in a subset of @entity1 who had a standard rather than high risk of treatment failure. There was no significant difference between groups in out-of-pocket costs for transportation, lodging, meals, home nursing, household assistance, @entity1 care, medication expenses, or unreimbursed medical bills. There also was no significant difference between groups in reported income lost, involuntary unemployment, or months of disability. The two groups had similar rates of major complications, including death, significant @entity2132 , and @entity5501 . CONCLUSION: Increased use of outpatient-based BMT should produce substantial cost savings for payers without adverse effects on @entity1 for those @entity1 who do not have a high risk of treatment failure.

title: Outpatient-based bone marrow transplantation for XXXX : cost saving or cost shifting?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease of the liver']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematologic malignancies']


abstract: A large number of reports have dealt with comparative studies of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and @entity1681 ( @entity1681 ). However, there have been few reports on comparative studies in which @entity1 were stringently selected for identical observation periods. We divided @entity1 who underwent total gastrectomy for @entity189 into two groups. The two groups were given TPN and @entity1681 , respectively, for three weeks to investigate immunological competence and nutritional conditions. There were ten @entity1 in the TPN group and ten in the @entity1681 group was IgG, IgA, IgM, and complements (C3 and CH50) selected as the immunological indices. At the same time, TP, @entity2313 , Tf, PA and RBP were used as the nutritional indices. Immunological competence dropped from one to three days after surgery in both groups, but gradually increased thereafter. Up to three weeks after surgery, immunological indices showed preoperative values or above though there were no significant differences between the two groups. The nutritional indices were low from three to four days after surgery but gradually increased thereafter and returned to preoperative levels or above, no significant differences were noted between the two groups. This was probably because @entity5 were resected, and nutritional was supplemented from three to four days after surgery which led to the improvement of immunological and nutritional indices. Since the @entity1 in both groups experienced uneventful clinical courses without developing any complications, there were no significant differences in these indices between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Nutrition for total gastrectomy. Especially the usefulness of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['stomach carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['EH', 'enteral hyperalimentation']

answer: @entity1681 :: (MESH:D004751,Disease) :: ['enteral hyperalimentation']


abstract: A 64-year-old female was admitted for treatment of refractory @entity1582 ( @entity12587 ). Because of severe @entity1575 , the @entity1 was treated with interferon (IFN) alone (natural IFN 6 x 10(6) IR/day i.m. for 28 days). @entity55 developed during IFN therapy. The IFN therapy was completed, restoring suppressed IgM and IgA to their normal ranges, while @entity55 was cured by antibiotics. Because the M-component remained, an additional IFN therapy was resumed and @entity10805 disappeared. As the period within which the M-component disappeared in this case was shorter than that reported previously, we supposed that the @entity55 might have enhance the effects of IFN. To verify this, we administered @entity1012 for 4 weeks as a model of immunoactivation by @entity55 between two successive courses of IFN therapy when @entity10805 reappeared. To monitor the immune state, natural killer (NK) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) activities were measured: NK activity suppressed by IFN was restored by @entity1012 and was suppressed less by subsequent IFN administration. LAK activity was increased by IFN and @entity1012 . These observations suggested synergic effects of @entity1012 on IFN-activated immunity. This case suggests that IFN combined with immunotherapy may be effective in some cases of @entity1582 .

title: [Rapid disappearance of @entity10805 in multiple @entity1582 complicated by XXXX during treatment with HLBI].

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adults with @entity4697 ( @entity4697 ) and @entity1 with @entity1172 (CSAD) show higher reactivity to @entity515 . Our hypothesis was @entity1 with @entity1172 ( @entity1172 ) would show similar @entity56 to @entity515 . In the present study, we determined whether sensitivity to @entity515 was enhanced in adult @entity1 with @entity1172 with no history of @entity4697 attacks. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity4697 (n=38), @entity1172 ( @entity1172 ) @entity1 with no history of @entity4697 attacks (n=31), and healthy subjects (n=40) underwent a 35% @entity515 inhalation challenge procedure. Baseline and post-inhalation @entity148 were assessed with the Acute @entity4697 Inventory, Visual Analog Scale, and @entity148 Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3). RESULTS: As hypothesized the rate of @entity515 -induced @entity4697 attacks was significantly greater in @entity4697 and @entity1172 @entity1 groups (55.3% and 51.6% respectively) than healthy comparison group (17.5%). Nine (69.2%) of 13 @entity1 in @entity4697 group who have @entity1172 concurrent with @entity4697 had a @entity515 -induced @entity4697 attack. ASI-3 total scores were not different between @entity4697 and @entity1172 groups and both were significantly higher than controls. However, @entity148 sensitivity did not predict the occurrence of @entity4697 attacks. LIMITATIONS: The researchers were not blind to the diagnosis and there was no placebo arm for comparison. Besides, parameters of respiratory physiology were not evaluated. CONCLUSION: @entity1172 was associated with @entity515 @entity56 quite similar to @entity4697 . This finding partly unfolds the complex relationship of 'CSAD, @entity4697 , and @entity515 @entity56 ' and indicates that @entity515 @entity56 and separation @entity148 extend together beyond childhood.

title: XXXX to 35% carbon dioxide in @entity1 with @entity1172 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['Panic', 'panic', 'panic disorder', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['ASAD', 'adult separation anxiety disorder', 'separation anxiety disorder']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High rates of second-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure are reported. The association with resistance and nonadherence on switching to second-line ART requires clarification. METHODS: Using prospectively collected data from @entity1 in South Africa, we constructed a cohort of @entity1 switched to second-line ART (1 January 2003 through 31 December 2008). Genotyping and drug concentrations ( @entity16332 , @entity5198 , and efavirenz) were measured on stored samples preswitch. Their association with @entity1800 ( @entity1800 ) <400 copies/mL by 15 months was assessed using modified Poisson regression. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two of 417 @entity1 (49% male; median age, 36 years) had genotyping (n = 115) and/or drug concentrations (n = 80) measured. Median @entity404 count and @entity1800 at switch were 177 cells/  L (interquartile range [IQR], 77-263) and 4.3 log10 copies/mL (IQR, 3.8-4.7), respectively. Fifty-five percent (n = 44/80) had subtherapeutic drug concentrations preswitch. More @entity1 with therapeutic vs subtherapeutic ART had resistance (n = 73): no major mutations (3% vs 51%), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (94% vs 44%), @entity19899 /I (94% vs 26%), and >=  1 @entity1014 analogue mutations (47% vs 18%), all P = .01; and @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) cross-resistance mutations (26% vs 13%, P = .23). Following switch, 68% (n = 83/122) achieved @entity1800 <400 copies/mL. Absence of NRTI mutations and subtherapeutic ART preswitch were associated with failure to achieve @entity1800 <400 copies/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Nonadherence, suggested by subtherapeutic ART with/without major resistance mutations, significantly contributed to failure when switching regimen. Unresolved nonadherence, not NRTI resistance, drives early second-line failure.

title: Viral suppression following switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy: associations with XXXX reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance and subtherapeutic drug concentrations prior to switch.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

answer: @entity2353 :: (CHEBI:33838,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With increasing experience, we have encountered @entity1 with complex aortofemoral prosthetic infections in whom extra-anatomic bypass (EAB) is not an option. HYPOTHESIS: Autogenous superficial femoropopliteal vein (SFPV) aortic reconstruction provides a limb-saving and lifesaving alternative with acceptable morbidity and mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University-based county, private, and Veterans Affairs hospitals. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 with infected aortofemoral bypasses in whom conventional EAB was impossible because of infection of previously placed EAB, massive groin and/or thigh @entity295 , or both. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Multiple previous operations were common (mean, 4 per @entity1 ) and included EAB (n = 11), replacement aortofemoral bypass (n = 4), prosthetic femoropopliteal bypass (n = 7), and thoracobifemoral bypass (n = 1); all bypasses became infected. Overall, 11 @entity1 had @entity295 at the time of presentation. Of the @entity1 with massive @entity281 , 7 had extensive @entity281 involving most of the proximal thighs or retroperitoneum, 4 had enterocutaneous fistulae, and 2 had @entity39 of the lower abdomen and thigh. @entity325 were common (n = 9). Four @entity1 (24%) died in the perioperative period, 8 (47%) suffered major complications, and 4 (24%) underwent major amputations. Mortality in this group of @entity1 was 3 times that of all other @entity1 undergoing autogenous SFPV aortic reconstruction for @entity281 (8%). Amputation rates were also increased (24% vs 6%). The mean+/-SD follow-up time @entity4318 +/-21 months. All @entity1 maintained patent SFPV reconstructions. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity281 , autogenous SFPV aortic reconstruction is a useful option for @entity1 in whom EAB is impossible and @entity204 would be inevitable without revascularization.

title: XXXX : the role of autogenous superficial femoropopliteal vein reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['groin infection', 'setting of complex aortofemoral prosthetic infections', 'prosthetic infection', 'deep infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Polymicrobial infections']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['limb loss and/or death']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Complex aortofemoral prosthetic infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity884 , the risk factors for their development, their influence on the clinical outcome, and the impact of cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on a multicenter cohort of 1345 consecutive episodes of left-sided @entity884 from 8 centers in Spain. Cox regression models were developed to analyze variables predictive of @entity16 and associated mortality. Three hundred forty @entity1 (25%) experienced such complications: 192 @entity1 (14%) had @entity63 events, 86 (6%) had @entity75 / @entity693 , 60 (4%) had @entity548 , and 2 (1%) had @entity867 . Independent risk factors associated with all @entity16 were @entity47 size >= 3 cm (hazard ratio [HR] 1.91), @entity794 as a cause (HR 2.47), mitral valve involvement (HR 1.29), and anticoagulant therapy (HR 1.31). This last variable was particularly related to a greater incidence of hemorrhagic events (HR 2.71). Overall mortality was 30%, and @entity16 had a negative impact on outcome (45% of deaths versus 24% in @entity1 without these complications; P<0.01), although only moderate to severe @entity385 (HR 1.73) were significantly associated with a poorer prognosis. Antimicrobial treatment reduced (by 33% to 75%) the risk of @entity16 . In @entity1 with @entity548 , mortality was higher when surgery was performed within 4 weeks of the hemorrhagic event (75% versus 40% in later surgery). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to severe @entity385 and @entity932 were found to have a significant negative impact on the outcome of @entity884 . Early appropriate antimicrobial treatment is critical, and transitory discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy should be considered.

title: @entity16 of XXXX : risk factors, outcome, and impact of cardiac surgery: a multicenter observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke (HR 1.63) and brain hemorrhage', 'ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscesses']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: @entity1462 of the upper limb were once thought to be impossible to properly diagnose and treat. We reviewed our experience with these @entity600 of the upper limb in 270 @entity1 seen over a 28-year period. These anomalies were slightly more common in females than males (ratio, 1.5:1.0). The @entity600 were categorized as either slow flow (venous, n = 125; lymphatic, n = 47; capillary, n = 32; combined, n = 33) or fast flow (arterial, n = 33). Three categories of fast-flow @entity600 were identified and designated as types A, B, and C. Over 90% of these lesions could be properly diagnosed by their appearance and growth pattern within the first 2 years of life. Additional radiographic studies were used to confirm this diagnosis and to define specific characteristics. Magnetic resonance imaging with and without contrast best demonstrated site, size, flow characteristics, and involvement of contiguous structures for all types of @entity600 . Algorithms for treatment of both @entity11598 are presented. Two hundred sixty surgical resections were performed in 141 @entity1 , including 24 of 33 fast-flow anomalies. Preoperative angiographic assessment, with magnified views, was an important preoperative adjunct before any well-planned resection of fast-flow @entity2758 . The surgical strategy in all groups was to thoroughly extirpate the @entity600 , with preservation of nerves, tendons, joints, and uninvolved muscle, and microvascular revascularization and skin replacement as required. Resections were always restricted to well-defined regions and often completed in stages. Symptomatic slow-flow @entity600 and types A and B fast-flow anomalies were resected without major sequelae. Type C arterial anomalies, diffuse, pulsating lesions with distal vascular steal, and involvement of all tissues, including bone, progressed clinically and resulted in amputation in 10 of 14 @entity1 . The complication rate was 22% for slow-flow lesions and 28% for fast-flow lesions.

title: XXXX of the upper limb: a review of 270 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity11598 :: ('MESH:D054318', 'Disease') :: ['slow-flow and fast-flow anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['Vascular malformations']


abstract: Cellular mechanisms and environmental factors contributing to wound @entity177 following shock and wound contamination are unclear. The activation of macrophages by exposure to @entity519 ( @entity4095 less than 20) and/or lipopolysaccharide (10 micrograms/ml) in vitro was investigated for its effect on macrophage regulation of fibroblast proliferation. The effect on fibroblast proliferation of conditioned medium from activated @entity19 macrophages or co-culture with activated macrophages was tested by measuring 3T3 fibroblast incorporation of @entity665 and culture DNA content. Unstimulated macrophages produced growth factors that increase fibroblast proliferation (proliferation index (PI) = 1.4 +/- 0.15, p less than 0.05 vs. control). Activation by @entity519 alone had little effect on macrophage regulation of @entity3385 (PI = 1.55 +/- 0.28, N.S. vs. unstimulated macrophages). @entity558 activated macrophages suppressed @entity3385 and the combination of @entity519 with @entity558 augmented the suppression (PI = 0.5 +/- 0.11, @entity558 alone, p less than 0.05 and 0.25 +/- 0.05, @entity558 + @entity519 , p less than 0.01). In addition, @entity519 + @entity558 treated co-cultures had reduced DNA contents, suggesting reduced cell numbers (12.5 +/- 2.6 micrograms vs. 8.2 +/- 2.0 micrograms). We screened several macrophage cytokines for their direct effect on 3T3 proliferation and found that mr-Tumor @entity39 Factor-alpha (150 units) also suppressed proliferation. Conditioned supernatants from @entity558 activated macrophages contained 12 +/- 2 units of mrTNF as measured by L929 cytolysis; however, this was significantly less than required to induce suppression of proliferation by direct addition. The regulatory role of the macrophage appears to be dependent on its level of activation. Activation by @entity519 and @entity558 altered macrophage regulation of fibroblast proliferation from stimulation to suppression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and endotoxin induce macrophage-mediated suppression of fibroblast proliferation.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: A survey of UK @entity1 receiving the drug @entity6335 , revealed 40 @entity1 with @entity9608 on this treatment. Mean age (+/- SD) was 67 +/- 18 years, and 74% were female. Duration of treatment was 7 +/- 6 years (range 1-22). Most (55%) @entity1 were treated with @entity6335 because of @entity5 non-localisation (including failed previous surgery). @entity3 (20%) and poor surgical risk (10%) were other indications. Side-effects (notably fluid retention and @entity3427 ) were common (47%) but not troublesome. Treatment was highly effective--59% were symptom free and 38% had only occasional symptoms. Only one @entity1 had frequent hypoglycaemia despite treatment. We conclude that @entity6335 is effective in the management of @entity9608 . Side-effects are common but not problematic. Treatment should be considered for all @entity1 not cured by surgery, or unsuitable for surgical treatment.

title: @entity6335 treatment for XXXX : a national UK survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity9608 :: (MESH:D007340,Disease) :: ['insulinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The existing randomized evidence has failed to conclusively demonstrate the benefit or otherwise of preoperative radiotherapy in treating @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity418 . OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis aimed to assess whether there is benefit from adding radiotherapy prior to surgery and whether or not any pre-defined @entity1 subgroups benefit more or less from preoperative radiotherapy SEARCH STRATEGY: Medline and CancerLit searches were supplemented by information from trial registers and by hand searching relevant meeting proceedings and by discussion with relevant trialists, organisations and industry. The search strategy was run again in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library on 2nd May 2000, one year after original publication. No new trials were found. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis provided they randomized @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity189 (of any histological type) to receive radiotherapy or no radiotherapy prior to surgery. Trials must have used a randomization method which precluded prior knowledge of treatment assignment and completed accrual by December 1993, to ensure sufficient follow-up by the time of the first analysis (September 1995). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: A quantitative meta-analysis using updated data from individual @entity1 from all properly randomized trials (published or unpublished) comprising 1147 @entity1 (971 deaths) from five randomized trials. This approach was used to assess whether preoperative radiotherapy improves overall survival and whether it is differentially effective in @entity1 defined by age, sex and @entity5 location. MAIN RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 9 years, in a group @entity1 with mostly @entity957 , the hazard ratio (HR) of 0.89 (95% CI 0.78-1.01) suggests an overall reduction in the risk of @entity204 of 11% and an absolute survival benefit of 3% at 2 years and 4% at 5 years. This result is not conventionally statistically significant (p=0.062). No clear differences in the size of the effect by sex, age or @entity5 location were apparent. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Based on existing trials, there was no clear evidence that preoperative radiotherapy improves the survival of @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity418 . These results indicate that if such preoperative radiotherapy regimens do improve survival, then the effect is likely to be modest with an absolute improvement in survival of around 3 to 4%. Trials or a meta-analysis of around 2000 @entity1 (90% power, 5% significance level) would be needed to reliably detect such an improvement (from 15 to 20%).

title: Preoperative radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: Recent studies have suggested that modifications in mitochondrial F1-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity may play an important role in the regulation of myocardial oxidative phosphorylation. The goal of the present study was to develop and characterize an assay of F1-ATPase activity that could be performed repeatedly on an intact heart under various physiological states. With the use of submitochondrial particles prepared from biopsy samples of @entity235 myocardium, we found reproducible F1-ATPase activity when normalized to the activity of the intramitochondrial enzyme @entity3736 synthase. The @entity4626 -sensitive component of the ATPase activity was found to be mainly F1-ATPase. F1-ATPase activity of normal myocardium increased by incubation in high salt-pH buffer, suggesting baseline inhibition. Five minutes after global @entity63 , F1-ATPase activity decreased to 60% of baseline. @entity519 for 10 min resulted in no significant change in F1-ATPase activity. With @entity2647 infusion, myocardial @entity26 consumption more than doubled, whereas F1-ATPase activity increased by approximately 30%. Both returned to baseline levels after discontinuation of the drug. With the use of an assay developed to measure F1-ATPase activity of intact myocardium, changes of the enzyme activity were found during both @entity63 and at increased work loads. These data suggest that alterations of F1-ATPase activity may contribute to the regulation of myocardial oxidative phosphorylation.

title: Mitochondrial F1-ATPase activity of XXXX myocardium: effects of @entity519 and stimulation.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity4626 :: ('MESH:D009840', 'Chemical') :: ['oligomycin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that dermoscopy improves accuracy in diagnosing pigmented and non-pigmented @entity5 . Recently, there has been increasing evidence that dermoscopy can also be useful in the diagnosis of some @entity272 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe the dermoscopic features of @entity4536 . METHOD: Dermoscopic examination (using the Derm Lite FOTO, 3Gen) of 144 @entity75 in 82 @entity1 was performed. This study was conducted in the Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals (Mashhad, Iran) from October 2010 to September 2011. RESULTS: We observed the following dermoscopic features: generalized erythema (81.9%), white starbursts (60.4%), yellow hue (43.8%), yellow teardrop-like structures (41.7%), central ulcers (59%), @entity5656 (33.3%), and @entity45 (4.9%). We also observed vascular structures, including dotted vessels (61.1%), hairpin vessels (37.5%), linear irregular vessels (30.6%), comma-shaped vessels (29.9%), glomerular vessels (22.9%), arborizing @entity8721 (10.4%), and corkscrew vessels (4.2%). LIMITATIONS: Biopsy and pathologic evaluation were not performed due to ethical considerations. CONCLUSION: Important vascular patterns seen in melanocytic and @entity5 were frequently observed in this infection. Dermoscopy may be a promising tool to predict the clinical course in cases of @entity4536 .

title: Dermoscopic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanocytic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CL lesions']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['milia-like cysts']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Here we report an autopsy case of @entity1763 due to aspiration of a salmon egg (ikura) into the airway. The @entity1 was a 19-month-old @entity1 . During breakfast, she put salmon eggs into @entity3250 , and began to walk. She slipped, fell down, and collapsed. She was pronounced dead following 2 h of resuscitation. The body was autopsied 28 h after death. The gastric contents consisted of @entity579 , orange sections, and white salmon eggs. The lungs were deeply congested and over-inflated. In the right lung, areas of @entity891 in the upper and middle lobes were seen. A yellow salmon egg (8 mm in diameter) was found in the @entity825 . Although fish eggs are consumed throughout the world, reports of this sort are limited. The aspiration of fish eggs is under-acknowledged and underreported. The importance of preventive measures needs to be emphasized to parents and caregivers.

title: Pediatric autopsy case of XXXX due to salmon egg (ikura) aspiration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['asphyxia']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was to compare the effects among Tai-Chi exercise, aquatic Exercise, and a self-help program for @entity626 @entity1 on symptoms of @entity625 , muscle strength, balance, and difficulty of performing activities. METHOD: There were 50 final subjects50. A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Window. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple comparison test were used 8 weeks after each program. RESULT: There were significant differences in joint @entity158 (p=.000), stiffness (p=.001), knee extensor peak torque (p=.006), knee flexor (p=.002), and difficult of performing activity (p=.000), but there was no significant difference in balance (p=.648). The Tai-Chi group was significantly different from the self-help group for knee extensor peak torque, knee flexor and stiffness on Scheffe's multiple comparison tests. In addition, the Tai-Chi group or aquatic group were significantly different from the self-help group for difficulty of performing activities (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in the effects of the nursing intervention among the three groups. The Tai-Chi group and aquatic group were significantly different from the self-help group. However, it seems that Tai-Chi exercise may be more suitable than aquatic exercise in @entity571 exercise programs. Further studies with a longitudinal study are necessary to confirm the longer exercise period.

title: [Comparison of effects among Tai-Chi exercise, aquatic exercise, and a self-help program for XXXX with @entity626 ].

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The bifunctional enzyme aspartokinase- @entity21812 dehydrogenase I from @entity526 catalyzes non-consecutive reactions in the @entity492 pathway of @entity535 biosynthesis. Both catalytic activities are subject to allosteric regulation by the end product @entity535 @entity27653 . To examine the kinetics and regulation of the enzymes in this pathway, each of these catalytic domains were separately expressed and purified. The separated catalytic domains remain active, with each of their catalytic activities enhanced in comparison to the native enzyme. The allosteric regulation of the kinase activity is lost, and regulation of the dehydrogenase activity is dramatically decreased in these separate domains. To create a new bifunctional enzyme that can catalyze consecutive metabolic reactions, the aspartokinase I domain was fused to the enzyme that catalyzes the intervening reaction in the pathway, @entity47117 dehydrogenase. A hybrid bifunctional enzyme was also created between the native monofunctional aspartokinase III, an allosteric enzyme regulated by @entity376 , and the catalytic domain of @entity21812 dehydrogenase I with its regulatory interface domain still attached. In this hybrid the kinase activity remains sensitive to @entity376 , while the dehydrogenase activity is now regulated by both @entity1889 and @entity376 . The dehydrogenase domain is less thermally stable than the kinase domain and becomes further destabilized upon removal of the regulatory domain. The more stable aspartokinase III is further stabilized against thermal denaturation in the hybrid bifunctional enzyme and was found to retain some catalytic activity even at temperatures approaching 100 degrees C.

title: Production and characterization of bifunctional enzymes. Domain swapping to produce new bifunctional enzymes in the XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity47117 :: ('CHEBI:537519', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate semialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity21812 :: ('CHEBI:15699', 'Chemical') :: ['homoserine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity27653 :: ('CHEBI:16857', 'Chemical') :: ['L-threonine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity492 :: (CHEBI:29995,Chemical) :: ['aspartate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Invasive @entity2 are associated with @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) expression. Secretory phospholipase A(2) ( @entity7098 ) enzymes produce inflammatory mediators that stimulate @entity2071 expression, and upregulation of @entity7098 ) activity can enhance @entity3 . We hypothesize a link between @entity7098 activity, @entity2071 expression, and @entity5 cell invasion. We propose that inhibition of @entity7098 modulates @entity2071 expression in @entity5 cells and attenuates their invasiveness. METHODS: @entity1 @entity2220 cells (A549) were treated with an @entity2071 blocking antibody and assayed for invasion. @entity2 cells (A549 and H358) were then treated with an @entity7098 inhibitor and evaluated by immunoblotting for @entity2071 expression. Next cells (A549) treated with @entity7098 inhibitor were assayed for invasion. Finally, @entity7098 messenger RNA and protein expression were evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by the Student t test or analysis of variance, as appropriate. RESULTS: Antibody blockade of @entity2071 @entity2 cell invasion. @entity7098 inhibition significantly reduced @entity2071 expression and invasion. @entity7098 inhibition also significantly decreased @entity7098 mRNA expression and immunofluorescent staining of @entity7098 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7098 plays a significant role in mediating the inflammatory signals that induce @entity2071 expression in @entity2 cells. Inhibition of the enzyme can significantly decrease @entity2071 expression and subsequent @entity5 cell invasion. This lays the groundwork for further investigation into the cellular mechanisms of @entity7098 and its role in @entity2 .

title: @entity2 cell invasion and expression of XXXX ( @entity2071 ) are attenuated by secretory phospholipase A    inhibition.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'Lung cancer', 'decreased lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The physiological role of @entity4090 (PRL) in male @entity146 is poorly understood. Conversely, the association between PRL pathological elevation in both reproductive and @entity146 is well defined. AIM: The aim of the present study is to assess the correlates of normal PRL (PRL < 735 mU/L or 35 ng/mL), in male subjects consulting for @entity250 . METHODS: A consecutive series of 2,531 (mean age 52.0 +/- 12.9 years) subjects was investigated. @entity1 were interviewed using the structured interview on @entity323 (SIEDY), a 13-item tool for the assessment of @entity323 ( @entity323 )-related morbidities. Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire was used for the evaluation of @entity1109 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Several hormonal ( @entity251 , thyroid stimulation hormone, and PRL) and biochemical parameters (glycemia and lipid profile) were studied, along with penile Doppler ultrasound (PDU) and SIEDY items. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders @entity148 decreased across PRL quartiles (I: <113 mU/L or 5 ng/mL; II: 113-156 mU/L or 5.1-7 ng/mL; III: 157-229 mU/L or 7.1-11 ng/mL; IV: 229-734 mU/L or 11.1-34.9 ng/mL). @entity1 in the lowest PRL quartile showed a higher risk of @entity209 (MetS; odds ratio [OR] = 1.74 [1.01-2.99], P < 0.05), arteriogenic @entity323 (peak systolic velocity at PDU < 35 cm/sec; OR = 1.43 [1.01-2.03], P < 0.05), and @entity2754 (PE; OR = 1.38 [1.02-1.85]; P < 0.05). Conversely, comparing subjects with PRL-secreting @entity977 (N = 13) with matched controls, no significant difference was observed, except for a higher prevalence of @entity458 in @entity4089 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that, in subjects consulting for @entity250 , PRL in the lowest quartile levels are associated with MetS and arteriogenic @entity323 , as well as with PE and @entity148 . Further studies are advisable in order to confirm our preliminary results in different populations.

title: Hypoprolactinemia: a new clinical syndrome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactive sexual desire']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Endoscopic placement of plastic or @entity253 ( @entity253 ) relieves @entity3883 from @entity788 . Short-length, distally placed @entity253 do not preclude subsequent pancreaticoduodenectomy. We sought to determine whether @entity253 placement in @entity1 whose surgical status is uncertain is cost-effective for management of @entity3883 . METHODS: A Markov model was constructed to evaluate costs and outcomes associated with endoscopic biliary stenting for @entity3883 . Strategies evaluated were: (1) initial plastic stent with plastic stents for subsequent occlusions in nonsurgical candidates after staging (plastic followed-up by [f/u] plastic), (2) initial plastic with subsequent @entity253 (plastic f/u metal), (3) initial short-length @entity253 with subsequent plastic (metal f/u plastic), and (4) initial short-length @entity253 with subsequent expandable metal stent (metal f/u metal). Published stent occlusion rates, ERCP complication rates and outcomes, @entity255 rates and outcomes, @entity788 mortality rates, and Whipple complication rates were used. Costs were based on 2004 Medicare standard allowable charges and were accrued until all @entity1 reached an absorbing health state (death or pancreaticoduodenectomy) or 24 cycles (24 mo) ended. RESULTS: Average costs per @entity1 from Monte Carlo simulation were: (1) metal f/u metal,  19,935; (2) plastic f/u metal, 20,157 dollars; (3) metal f/u plastic, 20,871 dollars; and (4) plastic f/u plastic, 20,878 dollars. For initial plastic stents to be preferred over short-length metal stents, 70% or more of @entity788 would need to be potentially resectable by pancreaticoduodenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing ERCP before definitive @entity5 staging, short-length @entity253 is the preferred initial cost-minimizing strategy.

title: Expandable metal biliary stents before pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX : a Monte-Carlo decision analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['self-expandable metal biliary stents', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4008 is a diagnosis and therapeutic emergency. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The objective was to evaluate the management of suspicion of @entity693 in an emergency unit, following the update of recommendations. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted between 1st January and 30th June 2009 in the emergency unit of Grenoble University Hospital. Inclusion criteria were: @entity1 aged 15 years and 3 months or older with suspicion of @entity693 ( @entity221 in the last 24 hours with the presence of at least one meningeal or neurological clinical sign), for whom a lombar puncture was realized in the 48 hours following the admission. Two infectious disease specialists independently evaluated the management of these @entity1 in the emergency unit. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity1 were included. Median time of the lombar puncture was 5.5 hours after admission [25-75 percentiles, 3.7-8,9]. Median time for antibiotic administration was 6 hours after admission [25-75 percentiles, 3.3-8.75]. @entity880 prescription was stable during the study period (P=0.58) whereas @entity1904 prescription increased significantly (P=0.02). The realization of a brain scanner before the lumbar puncture was associated with a significant delay in the realization of the lumbar puncture (P<0.001), and was not associated with a delay in the prescription and administration of antimicrobial treatment. According to the infectious disease specialists, an antimicrobial treatment was recommended for 37 @entity1 (54.4%); and 35 of them (94.6%) received an antibiotic in the emergency department. Dosage of @entity2756 complied with recommendations in 17.8% of cases. A brain scanner was recommended for 33 @entity1 and realized for 25 among them (75.8%). Ten @entity1 (28.6%) had a brain scanner whereas it was not recommended. CONCLUSION: Time management was in accordance with those found in previous studies, although higher than those recommended. Consequently it should be reduced. All professionals should be concerned. Staff training and writing of protocols are necessary (especially for the treatment and the brain scanner indications).

title: [Suspicion of XXXX : evaluation of the management in the emergency unit].

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity410 is a common presenting symptom of primary @entity1313 . There are no published studies regarding the roles of MicroRNA (miRNA) in @entity5 -related @entity302 . The authors set out to correlate @entity35585 expression in @entity11 @entity1 with pre-operative @entity410 and post-operative @entity410 control. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with WHO grade II @entity816 and 83 similar @entity1 for independent validation were included. Follow-up visits regarding @entity410 prognosis were scheduled at 6 months. MiRNA profiling was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. The most important miRNA was determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) in the validation cohort. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and whole genome mRNA profiling was performed to investigate the underlying biological processes. RESULTS: Array results showed that 30 miRNAs were overexpressed and 10 miRNAs were underexpressed (with more than 2 fold change) in @entity1 with pre-operative @entity410 . @entity35585 was validated in the independent validation cohort. @entity1 with good @entity410 prognosis exhibited low levels of @entity35585 expression compared with those who had poor @entity410 prognosis in the group without pre-operative @entity410 . Biological processes that relate to transcription and cell cycles were over-represented in the @entity35585 -associated gene expression signature. @entity35585 -associated gene expression profiling was characterized by enrichment of genes usually involved in cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: We have provided the first evidence that expression of @entity35585 was associated with the occurrence of pre-operative @entity410 in @entity11 , and may predict @entity410 prognosis in @entity1 without pre-operative @entity410 . Targeted treatments that decrease endogenous levels of @entity35585 might represent novel therapeutic strategies.

title: Significance of @entity35585 in @entity5 -related XXXX of @entity1 with @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade gliomas', 'low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity697 and the relationship between pregnancy and @entity697 among South Korean @entity1 in 2009. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study over 1 year period using a national registry data. We analyzed a national @entity1 sample (n = 1,116,040) from a database complied by the South Korean National Health Insurance in 2009. RESULTS: We identified 15,974 cases of @entity697 from 2009. The prevalence rate of @entity697 was 228    2 per 100,000 @entity1 . The prevalence in @entity1 was higher than in @entity1 . The peak prevalence of the disease in both genders occurred in @entity1 aged 10 to 14 years. After that, prevalence declined with age. The prevalence of @entity697 in @entity1 aged 20 to 39 years was negatively associated with age and pregnancy (P < 0.001) but was not associated with socioeconomic status. The prevalence of @entity698 cases by age is represented by a U-shaped curve. The prevalence was highest in @entity1 less than five years of age and in @entity1 older than 60 years. CONCLUSION: We found that the prevalence of @entity697 decreased with increasing age after early teens, and that the prevalence of @entity697 in pregnant @entity1 was lower than in nonpregnant @entity1 .

title: Association between pregnancy and XXXX in South Korea: a population-based, cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']