abstract: The cerebellum, which controls coordinated and rapid movements, is a potential target for the deleterious effects of drugs of abuse including cannabis (i.e. marijuana, @entity7785 ). Prenatal exposure to @entity7785 has been documented to cause abnormalities in motor and cognitive development, but the exact mechanism of this effect at the cellular level has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies indicate that @entity7785 are capable of modulating synaptic neurotransmission. In addition to altering synaptic activity, cannabinoid exposure may also change intrinsic neuronal properties. In the present study several different approaches including behavioral assays, extracellular field potential recordings and whole-cell patch clamp recordings, were used to address whether maternal exposure to the @entity13677 cannabinoid receptor agonist @entity10024 (WIN) affects the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of Purkinje neurons. WIN treatment of pregnant @entity35 produced a significant decrease in the rearing frequency, total distance moved and mobility of the offspring, but significantly increased the time of the righting reflex, the grooming frequency and immobility. Neuromotor function, as assessed in the grip test and balance beam test, was also significantly impaired in prenatally WIN-treated group. Prenatal exposure to WIN increased the amplitude of population spikes (PS) recorded from the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer of offspring following synaptic blockage. WIN treatment of pregnant @entity35 also profoundly affected the intrinsic properties of Purkinje neurons in offspring. This treatment increased the firing regularity, firing frequency, amplitude of afterhyperpolarization (AHP), the peak amplitude of action potential and the first spike latency, but decreased significantly the time to peak and duration of action potentials, the instantaneous firing frequency, the rate of rebound action potential and the voltage "sag" ratio. These results raise the possibility that maternal exposure to @entity7785 may profoundly affect the intrinsic membrane properties of cerebellar Purkinje neurons of offspring by altering the membrane excitability through modulation of intrinsic ion channels.

title: Maternal exposure to the XXXX cannabinoid agonist @entity10024 -2 produces robust changes in motor function and intrinsic electrophysiological properties of cerebellar Purkinje neurons in @entity35 offspring.

entities_list: @entity7785 :: ('MESH:D002186', 'Chemical') :: ['cannabinoids']

answer: @entity13677 :: (25248(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CB1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity13755 -Expo is a library of models that was developed in the frame of the FP7 EU project 4FUN in order to provide an integrated assessment tool for state-of-the-art exposure assessment for environment, @entity33867 and @entity1 , allowing the detection of scientific uncertainties at each step of the exposure process. This paper describes the main features of the @entity13755 -Expo tool. The main challenges in exposure modelling that @entity13755 -Expo has tackled are: (i) the integration of multimedia (MM) models simulating the fate of chemicals in environmental media, and of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models simulating the fate of chemicals in @entity1 body. @entity13755 -Expo thus allows the determination of internal effective chemical concentrations; (ii) the incorporation of a set of functionalities for uncertainty/sensitivity analysis, from screening to variance-based approaches. The availability of such tools for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis aimed to facilitate the incorporation of such issues in future decision making; (iii) the integration of @entity1 and wildlife @entity33867 targets with common fate modelling in the environment. @entity13755 -Expo is composed of a library of fate models dedicated to non biological receptor media (surface waters, soils, outdoor air), biological media of concern for @entity1 (several cultivated crops, mammals, milk, fish), as well as wildlife @entity33867 (primary producers in rivers, invertebrates, fish) and @entity1 . These models can be linked together to create flexible scenarios relevant for both @entity1 and wildlife @entity33867 exposure. Standardized documentation for each model and training material were prepared to support an accurate use of the tool by end-users. One of the objectives of the 4FUN project was also to increase the confidence in the applicability of the @entity13755 -Expo tool through targeted realistic case studies. In particular, we aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of building complex realistic exposure scenarios and the accuracy of the modelling predictions through a comparison with actual measurements.

title: Modelling the exposure to chemicals for risk assessment: a comprehensive library of multimedia and PBPK models for integration, prediction, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis - the XXXX -Expo tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity13755 :: (4771,Gene) :: ['MERLIN']


abstract: Cell cultures were derived from the cerebra of a control and a @entity10707 ( @entity1051 ( @entity1051 )) foetus. Both cell lines were identified as astrocytic, based on the ultrastructural demonstration of glial fibres. The control culture exhibited morphological differentiation when exposed to @entity8279 , a finding which was not observed with the @entity1051 cells. The @entity1051 culture demonstrated the pathobiological features of the disease, which included the absence of hexosaminidase A, increased concentration of Gm2 @entity4163 and the detection of membranous cytoplasmic bodies by electron microscopy. Control and @entity1051 cells were exposed to SV40 virus, resulting ultimately in the isolation of transformants which differed from the parental cell types in morphology, growth rate and greatly accelerated cell death. Both control and @entity1051 cell lines have been in propagation for over 200 subcultures and the transformants were identified as astrocytic, based on the retention of characteristic glial fibres. The control culture demonstrated a chromosome range of 34--63, with a mean of 47. In contrast, the @entity1051 transformants exhibited a range of 50--107 and a mean of 74. Transformed lines retained their parental hexosaminidase isoenzyme profiles; @entity12744 and B in control, and @entity17883 in @entity1051 cells. Membraneous cytoplasmic bodies persisted in the @entity1051 line. Neither line could be induced to differentiate after exposure to @entity268 . Additionally, they had a population doubling time of under 85 h and failed to release infectious virus particles. Significant alterations in the total quantity and distribution profile of @entity7746 were noted following viral transformation. A large increase in the percentage of Gm3 and a more modest increase in Gm2 were detected. In contrast, transformed lines were characterized by substantial reduction in the percentage of @entity4823 -containing @entity25877 and @entity31625 . Additionally, cultures exhibited a characteristic reduction in @entity4163 content after transformation. The in vitro transformation of @entity1 brain cells has resulted in the derivation of permanent astrocytic lines which are, by virtue of their rapid growth rate and long-term survival, uniquely suited and adapted to the large scale in vitro production of substantial quantities of cells required for extensive biochemical study. Significantly, those characteristics which are unique to the @entity10707 have been retained in a permanent model CNS cell line.

title: Cytology, growth characteristics and cellular alterations following SV40-induced transformation of XXXX foetal brain cells derived from a @entity10707 and control.

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity10707 :: ('MESH:D020143', 'Disease') :: ['Gm2 gangliosidosis storage disease', 'Gm2 gangliosidosis']

entities_list: @entity1051 :: ('MESH:D013661', 'Disease') :: ['Tay-Sachs disease', 'TSD']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity31625 :: ('MESH:C016481', 'Chemical') :: ['polysialoganglioside']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) and a family history of @entity303 in 1st- and 2nd-degree relatives of @entity1 with @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ) with a @entity303 onset by age 70. METHODS: The study included 494 @entity303 @entity1 (73 @entity4943 @entity1 ) and 82 cognitively normal spousal control subjects. Neuropsychiatric examination, Consortium To Establish a Registry on @entity195 (CERAD) testing, the clock-drawing test, and @entity2204 genotyping were performed in @entity1 and controls. All @entity1 were examined by magnetic resonance imaging. @entity4943 @entity1 fulfilled the Lund-Manchester criteria. RESULTS: All controls had normal Mini Mental State exam (MMSE > or =27). 28 of the 82 spousal controls were excluded because CERAD test results were consistent with the diagnosis of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) or the CERAD was incomplete. The remaining 54 spousal controls had CERAD test results with z-scores >/= -1.5. The number of @entity303 @entity1 with @entity4943 was 73. Apo epsilon4 homozygosity was found in 13.6% of the @entity4943 @entity1 . None of the spousal controls was homozygous for the Apo epsilon4 genotype (p=0.005). A positive family history of @entity303 was lowest among cognitively normal spousal controls (9.3%). It rose to 35.6% for @entity4943 @entity1 and was highest among Apo epsilon4 homozygous @entity4943 @entity1 (50.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Apo epsilon4 homozygosity is associated with a family history of @entity303 and @entity4943 in our cohort if the current clinical criteria are employed. It is likely that autopsy might reveal amyloid beta deposits typical for @entity195 among the Apo epsilon4 homozygous @entity1 with frontotemporal clinical presentation and neuroimaging consistent with @entity4943 . Apo epsilon4 homozygosity has not yet been defined as an exclusion criterion for the diagnosis of @entity4943 . In the future, a revision of the clinical criteria should consider the @entity2204 genotype.

title: [Frontotemporal @entity303 in association with a family history of XXXX and @entity2204 polymorphism].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['ApoE', 'apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently observed that 13% of 1,008 consecutive adults aged 15-49 years with first-ever @entity385 had one or more @entity4798 ( @entity4798 ), and more than 5% presented with @entity10334 on CT or MRI. We sought to investigate the features of and risk factors for magnetic resonance (MR)-defined @entity4798 and @entity10334 in these @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed the radiologic features of @entity4798 and @entity10334 in MR-scanned @entity1 (n = 669) blinded to clinical data and examined their relation with subtype of the overt @entity64 . We used logistic regression to identify factors predisposing to @entity4798 and @entity10334 . RESULTS: Of the 669 @entity1 included, 86 (13%) had @entity4798 , 50 (7%) had @entity10334 , 17 (3%) had both, and 550 had no @entity4798 or @entity10334 and served as controls. The majority (54%) had a single SBI, 20% had two @entity4798 , and 27% had three or more @entity4798 . Most @entity4798 were located in basal ganglia (39%) or subcortical regions (21%), but cerebellar @entity4798 also were rather frequent (15%). @entity10334 was mainly mild to moderate. Independent risk factors for @entity4798 were @entity164 1 @entity6 (odds ratio [OR] 5.78, 95% confidence interval 2.37-14.10), @entity28 (OR 2.12, 1.07-4.19), smoking (OR 1.69, 1.05-2.72), and increasing age (OR 1.08, 1.04-1.13). Risk factors for @entity10334 were @entity164 1 @entity6 (OR 9.75, 3.39-28.04), @entity28 (OR 2.42, 1.04-5.68), female sex (OR 2.25, 1.16-4.34), and increasing age (OR 1.19, 1.10-1.29). @entity6249 was the predominant cause of @entity64 in both those with @entity4798 (31%) and @entity10334 (44%). CONCLUSIONS: Silent brain @entity1188 and @entity10334 are not uncommon among young @entity64 @entity1 -- @entity164 1 @entity6 being the strongest risk factor.

title: Silent brain @entity1188 and @entity10334 in young adults with first-ever XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['SBIs', 'silent brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['Small-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis', 'Leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: We studied the relative importance of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) immunoregulation in the control of T- and @entity1892 induced by @entity19 @entity1778 virus. Previously, we have described a mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) @entity19 @entity1778 virus, MCF 1233, which induces not only lymphoblastic @entity784 but also follicle center cell or lymphoblastic @entity1892 . We now report that the outcome of @entity281 with MCF 1233 in H-2-congenic C57BL/10 and C57BL/6 @entity19 is decisively influenced by the H-2 I-A locus. A total of 64% of H-2 I-Ak, d @entity19 [B10.BR, B10.D2, B10.A(2R), B10.A(4R), and B10.MBR] developed @entity784 after MCF 1233 @entity281 (mean latency, 37 weeks). In contrast, H-2 I-Ab [B10, B10.A(5R), B6], H-2 I-Ab/k [(B10.A x B10)F1 and (B10 x B10.A)F1], and H-2 I-Abm12 (bm12) @entity19 were resistant against T-cell lymphomagenesis, but 65% of these H-2 I-Ab, b/k, bm12 animals developed @entity1892 (mean latency, 71 weeks). Animals of @entity784 -susceptible strains that escaped from T-cell lymphomagenesis developed @entity1892 with similar frequency as animals of @entity784 -resistant strains, but with a shorter latency. H-2 class II-determined regulation of antiviral immunity was reflected in the presence of high titers of antiviral envelope antibodies in @entity784 -resistant @entity1892 -susceptible H-2 I-Ab, b/k, bm12 @entity19 , whereas in @entity784 -susceptible H-2 I-Ak,d mice no antiviral antibodies were found. At week 4 after neonatal MCF 1233 @entity281 , a high percentage of thymocytes were virally infected in both @entity784 -susceptible and -resistant @entity19 . However, @entity784 -resistant animals cleared the thymic @entity281 between weeks 4 and 10 of age, coinciding with a sharp rise in serum levels of antiviral antibodies. We conclude that the pleiotropic effects of MCF 1233 @entity281 in H-2-congenic @entity19 result from MHC class II I-A-determined T-cell response differences.

title: Major histocompatibility complex class II-regulated immunity to @entity19 XXXX virus protects against early T- but not late @entity1892 .

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Indirect or strain injury to muscle is a common cause of @entity717 . @entity130 often occur during powerful muscle eccentric contractions. Clinical studies suggest that most injuries cause partial disruption of certain characteristic muscles. Diagnostic imaging studies can demonstrate the location of many injuries. Laboratory studies show that partial and complete injuries exhibit disruption of muscle fibers near the muscle-tendon junction. Healing of partial injuries is characterized by an initial inflammatory response followed by a healing phase marked by @entity82 . Biomechanical studies show that muscle failure occurs at forces much larger than maximal isometric force, and stretch is necessary to create injury. Compared to the passively stretched muscle, muscle activated by nerve contraction and stretched to failure attains a small increase in force at failure, no change in strain to failure, and a large increase in energy absorbed prior to failure. These studies emphasize the ability of muscles to function as energy absorbers in preventing @entity79 . Experimental muscle stretching protocols show significant stress relaxation and reduction of stiffness in muscle due to inherent viscoelastic properties of muscle rather than to reflex-mediated effects. These viscoelastic properties may be useful in understanding how @entity121 might be prevented.

title: XXXX : clinical and basic aspects.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['injury to themselves and to bones and joints']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['athletic disability']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Strain injuries']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Muscle strain injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the endothelial cell damage by detecting the circulating @entity26081 mRNA level in a @entity35 model of @entity295 . METHODS: The model of @entity295 was established by @entity1588 ( @entity1588 ) in 90 @entity35 which were divided into 6 groups: normal, sham, @entity1588 -3 h, @entity1588 -6 h, @entity1588 -12 h and @entity1588 -24 h. Serum biochemical markers were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. Serum @entity568 was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The vascular permeability of liver, kidney, lung and heart was detected with Evans blue. Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) were separated using density gradient separation and counted. Total RNA of whole blood were extracted and the mRNA levels of two endothelial specific genes, @entity26081 and @entity12186 ( @entity12186 ), were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: The level of serum biochemical indexes increased after @entity1588 . The amount of serum @entity568 in @entity1588 -6 h, 12 h, and 24 h group was increased 6.5-fold (P <0.05), 8.4-fold (P < 0.01), and 13.3-fold (P < 0.001) compared with normal group (170.68 pg/ml    42.46 pg/ml) respectively (F = 14.319, P < 0.001). Significantly increased organ vasopermeability of liver, kidney, lung and heart was observed after @entity1588 respectively. The number of CEC peaked (11.83    1.94) 3 hours after @entity1588 compared with normal control (5.33    1.21, P < 0.05), and then decreased gradually (F = 54.183, P < 0.001). The mRNA level of @entity26081 in @entity1588 -3 h group (3.47    1.47) was also markedly higher than that in other groups (F = 10.640, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Using quantitative real-time PCR to measure the level of @entity26081 mRNA in peripheral blood is a simple and relatively sensitive method to evaluate the damage of endothelial cells.

title: @entity26081 mRNA in peripheral blood: a new marker to assess damage of endothelial cells in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12186 :: ('25589(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2', 'VEGFR2']

entities_list: @entity1588 :: ('MESH:D002429', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cecal ligation and puncture']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity450 ( @entity450 ) placement for treatment of @entity438 can cause flow changes in the covered branches. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the treatment of carotid siphon @entity439 with @entity450 on the posterior communicating artery (PComA) flow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 2011 and January 2015, 125 carotid siphon @entity439 were treated with @entity450 . We retrospectively analyzed all cases with PComA ostial coverage. The circle of Willis anatomy was also studied as the flow changes in PComA postoperatively and during angiographic follow-up. Data from neurological examination were also collected. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity439 of the carotid siphon in 17 @entity1 were treated with @entity450 covering the ostium of the PComA. Based on the initial angiography, @entity1 were divided into two groups: the first with a P1/PComA size ratio >1 (10 cases) and the second with a ratio  <=1 (8 cases). Follow-up angiography (mean time of 10   months) showed 90% of PComA flow changes in group 1 but only 12.5% in group 2. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.002). Nevertheless, no @entity1 had new symptoms related to these flow changes during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, covering the PComA by @entity450 when treating carotid siphon @entity439 appeared safe and the P1/PComA ratio is a good predictor of flow changes in PComA.

title: Flow changes in the posterior communicating artery related to flow-diverter stents in carotid siphon XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Flow-diverter stent', 'FDS']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite longstanding experimental evidence about effectiveness of @entity4207 , transitioning this research-based concept into acceptable primary care quality improvement services has been slow in the USA. The purpose of this study was to describe primary care uptake, retention and response to an academic-detailing-led service in the USA. Exploration of accessible performance indicators of service acceptance, and feasibility of use of an Australian @entity4207 service model were secondary objectives. METHODS: Over a 29-month period, an academic-detailing-led drug and therapeutics information service was offered to all primary care physicians providing ongoing @entity1 care in Fayette County, Kentucky. Two programmes (on type 2 @entity6 management and @entity1118 management) incorporating up to four office visits were offered. RESULTS: 102 of 130 (78%) eligible primary care physicians participated in the service, 72% receiving visits for the type 2 @entity6 management programme, and 58% the chronic non-malignant @entity158 programme. At all successive encounters, @entity1 expressed a willingness to continue to receive visits. Difficulties were experienced in obtaining appointments for subsequent visits, although on direct enquiry, only one @entity1 explicitly declined further visits. No notable differences existed between physicians accepting visits and those who did not. Across successive visits, passive indicators of satisfaction with the service included: duration of visits, office waiting times, retention of printed materials from one visit to the next, whether physicians wished their extender colleagues to also receive visits, and observed levels of interest and participation within encounters. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing primary care quality improvement services spearheaded by @entity4207 can be acceptable to US primary care physicians in practice.

title: Experience with XXXX services for quality improvement in primary care practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['academic detailing']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['academic detailing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cervical disc replacement is a newer concept and rapidly developing surgical treatment. A prospective study was conducted to determine, if accurately implanted Bryan's cervical disc prostheses can provide relief from objective neurological symptoms and signs, stability and normal range of motion in cases of cervical @entity890 with @entity13890 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty @entity1 underwent Bryan cervical disc replacement from Jan 2002 to Dec 2003. Young @entity1 between age groups 21 to 50 years with @entity890 at C3-C7 with @entity13890 were included in this study. @entity1 with significant facet joint @entity2720 , unstable spine, @entity130 , @entity5 , @entity170 and active infection were excluded from this study. Nurick's grading was used for quantifying the @entity51 . @entity1 were operated by anterior cervical approach using a specially designed Bryan's cervical discectomy system. Neurological and radiological outcome was assessed post operatively and at 2,6,12 and 24 months follow up. Outcome analysis was carried out using modified Odom's criteria. The radiographic results were assessed by taking antero posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of cervical spine to find range of motion and device position. RESULTS: The @entity1 were in the age group of 31 to 50 years. There were 14 (70%) male and 6 (30%) female in this study. Neck @entity158 and brachialgia were the presenting symptoms in all cases, 12 (60%) had @entity614 and 8 (40%) had @entity602 . Single level @entity890 was present as per Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in four (20%) at C4-C5, 12 (60%) at @entity32701 (20%) at @entity2483 . Bryan's disc size 15 was used in 8 (40%) and size 17 was used in 12(60%) @entity1 . During post-operative, 02, 06, 12, and 24 months follow up, the clinical outcome was excellent in 16 (80%) and good in 4 (20%) as per modified Odom's criteria. There was demonstrated improvement in flexion, extension and rotation clinically and radiologically during follow up. There was no migration or displacement of device. CONCLUSION: Cervical disc replacement for cervical @entity890 with @entity13890 represents an exciting new technology. @entity1 treated with the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis for single level cervical @entity890 showed good to excellent improvement in @entity51 . Clinically and radiologically maintenance of motion was found during follow up. More @entity1 with longer follow up and post operative MRI to find out the protection to adjacent discs from abnormal stress will be required before this prosthesis is accepted as a treatment option.

title: Cervical Disc Replacement for Spondylotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity13890 :: ('MESH:D020818', 'Disease') :: ['myeloradiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['disc prolapse', 'degenerative cervical disc prolapse']

answer: @entity13890 :: (MESH:D020818,Disease) :: ['Myeloradiculopathy']


abstract: @entity11679 (HAstV) is the second most important cause of viral @entity294 and @entity697 in @entity1 under five. However, determination of the infectivity of clinical isolates is difficult, and the replication cycle of HAstV is not yet fully understood. In this study, it was attempted to detect negative-sense (-)RNAs generated during the replication of RNA viruses. We used clinical isolates of HAstV to infect CaCo-2 cells. Reverse transcription using only a sense primer followed by PCR using both sense and antisense primers showed that (-)RNAs were first detected in CaCo-2 cells between 9 and 12  h postinfection (p.i.). However, these (-)RNAs were not detected when cells were treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor @entity1880 during @entity281 . Next, RT with only an antisense primer followed by PCR was performed to detect (+)RNA of HAstVs after production of (-)RNAs during replication. RT-PCR results using the antisense primer revealed that the amount of (+)RNA began to increase starting 9  h p.i., indicating an accumulation of the newly synthesized (+)RNA genome. @entity1880 was observed to abrogate the increase of newly made (+)RNA during @entity281 . In conclusion, the use of sense or antisense primers during the RT reaction together with @entity1880 enabled us to quantitatively detect (-)RNAs, and this proved to be an useful tool in understanding the replication cycle of HAstV.

title: Detection of replicating negative-sense RNAs in CaCo-2 cells infected with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide', 'Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity11679 :: ('12702', 'Species') :: ['Human astrovirus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HAstV infection']

answer: @entity11679 :: (12702,Species) :: ['human astrovirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prognostic and predictive values of molecular marker expression profiles based on data from a randomized clinical trial of postoperative conventional fractionation (p-CF) therapy versus 7-day-per-week postoperative continuous accelerated irradiation (p-CAIR) therapy for @entity135 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Tumor samples from 148 @entity1 (72 p-CF and 76 p-CAIR @entity1 ) were available for molecular studies. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess levels of @entity470 , nm23, Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity4910 expression. To evaluate the effect of fractionation relative to the expression profiles, data for @entity5 control (LRC) were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Survival curves were compared using the Cox f test. RESULTS: @entity1 who had @entity5 with low Ki-67, low @entity876 , and high @entity470 expression levels and oral cavity/oropharyngeal primary @entity5 sites tended to benefit from p-CAIR. A joint score for the gain in LRC from p-CAIR based of these features was used to separate the @entity1 into two groups: those who benefited significantly from p-CAIR with respect to LRC (n = 49 @entity1 ; 5-year LRC of 28% vs. 68%; p = 0.01) and those who did not benefit from p-CAIR (n = 99 @entity1 ; 5-year LRC of 72% vs. 66%; p = 0.38). The nm23 expression level appeared useful as a prognostic factor but not as a predictor of fractionation effect. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the studies that demonstrate the potential of molecular profiles to predict the benefit from accelerated radiotherapy. The molecular profile that favored accelerated treatment (low Ki-67, low @entity876 , and high @entity470 expression) was in a good accordance with results provided by other investigators. Combining individual predictors in a joint score may improve their predictive potential.

title: Predicting the effect of accelerated fractionation in postoperative radiotherapy for XXXX based on molecular marker profiles: data from a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'locoregional tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: In open trials, 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ) improved symptoms and normalized cortical hyper-excitability of @entity1 with @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ). Here we present the results of a randomized sham-controlled double-blind study. Medication-resistant @entity3119 @entity1 (n=21) were assigned 4 wk either active or sham rTMS to the @entity4940 bilaterally. rTMS parameters consisted of 1200 pulses/d, at 1 Hz and 100% of motor threshold (MT). Eighteen @entity1 completed the study. Response to treatment was defined as a > or = 25% decrease on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Non-responders to sham and responders to active or sham rTMS were offered four additional weeks of open active rTMS. After 4 wk, the response rate in the completer sample was 67% (6/9) with active and 22% (2/9) with sham rTMS. At 4 wk, @entity1 receiving active rTMS showed on average a 25% reduction in the YBOCS compared to a 12% reduction in those receiving sham. In those who received 8-wk active rTMS, @entity3119 symptoms improved from 28.2+/-5.8 to 14.5+/-3.6. In @entity1 randomized to active rTMS, MT measures on the right hemisphere increased significantly over time. At the end of 4-wk rTMS the abnormal hemispheric laterality found in the group randomized to active rTMS normalized. The results of the first randomized sham-controlled trial of @entity4940 stimulation in the treatment of resistant @entity3119 support further investigation into the potential therapeutic applications of rTMS in this disabling condition.

title: Randomized sham-controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['SMA', 'supplementary motor area']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There are limited data on treatment effect in early and drug-na  ve @entity191 ( @entity191 ) outside of clinical trials. We sought to review the treatment effects on motor symptoms in early, unselected @entity191 @entity1 . METHODS: We included 183 drug-na  ve @entity1 from a longitudinal cohort (The Norwegian ParkWest study). At the time of diagnosis, motor symptoms were assessed and rated. Treatment was unrestricted, aimed at treating each @entity1 optimally. @entity1 were reassessed after 12 months, and then grouped according to treatment: No dopaminergic treatment (NDT), @entity935 agonists (DA) or levodopa. All strategies could be combined with @entity1154 oxidase B inhibitors. RESULTS: In general, the chosen treatment was coherent with current practice. During follow-up, @entity1 given NDT (n = 40) had unaltered clinical motor symptoms, as opposed to improvement in the DA- and levodopa-treated @entity1 (n = 140). The overall improvement in these two groups was fairly similar, but axial symptoms did not improve in levodopa-treated @entity1 as opposed to the younger DA-treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Twelve months after the diagnosis, motor symptoms in approximately one-fifth of @entity191 @entity1 remained clinically stable. @entity400 , @entity2845 and @entity2003 improved in the dopaminergic-treated @entity1 . Axial symptoms were more treatment resistant, and the different symptomatic effects found between treatment strategies may be age related.

title: Treatment in early XXXX : the Norwegian ParkWest study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the effect of multiple core prostate biopsy and @entity616 on voiding and erectile function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 198 @entity1 in @entity263 was suspected were randomly assigned to undergo 10-core prostate biopsy with (71) or without (74) @entity616 . The 53 @entity1 with a history of negative prostate biopsy underwent 20-core saturation prostate biopsy with @entity616 . The International Prostate Symptom Score and International Index of Erectile Function were completed before, and 1, 4 and 12 weeks after biopsy to measure changes in voiding and erectile function, and quality of life. Upon @entity263 diagnosis @entity1 were excluded from further analysis. RESULTS: The International Prostate Symptom Score was significantly increased in all @entity1 at week 1, which persisted at weeks 4 and 12 after saturation biopsy (p = 0.007 and 0.035, respectively). After 10-core prostate biopsy with @entity616 @entity1 had a higher International Prostate Symptom Score at weeks 4 and 12 but this was not statistically significant (p >0.05). Quality of life was significantly affected at all times after saturation prostate biopsy (p = 0.001, 0.003 and 0.010, respectively). International Index of Erectile Function scores decreased significantly in all groups at week 1 (p <0.05). The decrease persisted at week 4 in each 10-core prostate biopsy group. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate biopsy causes @entity73 . Saturation prostate biopsy and @entity616 seem to have a lasting impact on voiding function. Erectile function is transiently affected by prostate biopsy regardless of @entity616 and the number of cores. @entity1 who undergo prostate biopsy must be informed about these side effects.

title: The impact of prostate biopsy and XXXX on erectile and voiding function: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired voiding']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['whom prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['periprostatic nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['periprostatic nerve block']


abstract: From March 1985 to April 1989, one hundred thirty-one @entity1 were examined using computed tomography (CT) and/or ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of acute blunt @entity130 of the abdomen (CT and US in 36 @entity1 , CT in 25 US in 70). Twenty-three out of the 131 cases (17.6%) showed positive findings of @entity1661 on CT and/or US. Sixteen of the 23 @entity1 with positive findings underwent therapeutic laparotomy, while all of the other 108 @entity1 with negative findings were successfully managed conservatively. This fact suggests that one of the roles of CT and/or US is to pick up @entity1 with negative findings who do not have any laparotomy. Free fluid collection was demonstrated in all of the 23 @entity1 with positive findings in: all 22 on CT (100%), and 13 of 14 on US (92.9%). In all of the 23 @entity1 but one with an injured mesenterium, injured organ was demonstrated by CT and/or US in: 21 of 22 by CT (95.5%), and 11 of 14 by US (78.6%). In one of the 11 @entity1 , not an immediate US but a follow-up on the next day revealed an injured organ. In 6 out of the 12 @entity1 who underwent both plain and contrast enhancement (CE), CT, CE-CT demonstrated the injured organ more clearly than plain CT. US with sector probe was also useful for demonstrating the injured lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Role of CT and ultrasonography in acute blunt XXXX of the abdomen].

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the performance of the new remission criteria for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in daily clinical practice and the effect of possible misclassification of remission when 44 joints are assessed. METHODS: Disease activity and remission rate were calculated according to the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and a Boolean-based definition for 1402 @entity1 with @entity309 in Keio University Hospital. Characteristics of @entity1 in remission were investigated, and the number of misclassified @entity1 was determined--those classified as being in remission based on 28-joint count but as nonremission based on a 44-joint count for each definition criterion. RESULTS: Of all @entity1 analyzed, 46.6%, 45.9%, 41.0%, and 31.5% were classified as in remission in the DAS28, SDAI, CDAI, and Boolean definitions, respectively. @entity1 classified into remission based only on the DAS28 showed relatively low erythrocyte sedimentation rates but greater swollen joint counts than those classified into remission based on the other definitions. In @entity1 classified into remission based only on the Boolean criteria, the mean physician global assessment was greater than the mean @entity1 global assessment. Although 119 @entity1 had  <= 1 involved joint in the 28-joint count but > 1 in the 44-joint count, only 34 of these 119 (2.4% of all subjects) were found to have been misclassified into remission. CONCLUSION: In practice, about half of @entity1 with @entity309 can achieve clinical remission within the DAS28, SDAI, and CDAI; and one-third according to the Boolean-based definition. @entity1 classified in remission based on a 28-joint count may have @entity158 and swelling in the feet, but misclassification of remission was relatively rare and was seen in only 2.4% of @entity1 under a Boolean definition. The 28-joint count can be sufficient for assessing clinical remission based on the new remission criteria.

title: American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism remission criteria for XXXX maintain reliable performance when evaluated in 44 joints.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Taste buds and the peripheral nerves innervating them are two important components of the peripheral gustatory system. They require appropriate connections for the taste system to function. Neurotrophic factors play crucial roles in the innervation of peripheral sensory organs and tissues. Both @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) null-mutated and @entity28082 ( @entity28082 ) null-mutated @entity19 exhibit @entity1897 . @entity9140 and @entity28082 bind to a common high affinity @entity669 kinase receptor, @entity26304 ( @entity26304 ), and a common @entity20384 ( @entity20384 ). We are currently using a transgenic @entity19 model to study peripheral taste system development and innervation in the absence of both @entity26304 ligands. We show that taste cell progenitors express taste cell markers during early stages of taste bud development in both @entity9140 (-/-)xNT-4(-/-) and wild-type @entity19 . At early embryonic stages, taste bud progenitors express Troma-1, @entity6832 , and @entity14231 in all @entity19 . At later stages, lack of innervation becomes a prominent feature in @entity9140 (-/-)xNT-4(-/-) @entity19 leading to a decreasing number of @entity1829 and morphologically degenerating taste cells. A total loss of vallate taste cells also occurs in postnatal @entity19 . Our data indicate an initial independence but a later permissive and essential role for innervation in taste bud development and maintenance.

title: Gustatory papillae and taste bud development and maintenance in the absence of @entity26304 ligands XXXX and @entity28082 .

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral gustatory deficits']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['fungiform papillae']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity9140 :: (12064(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['BDNF']


abstract: In an earlier report, it was shown that @entity19 spleen cells cultured with concanavalin A (Con A) released into the culture supernatants helper and suppressor substances for antibody production. The present communication describes the production of rabbit antisera against culture supernates from Con A-activated spleen cells and their use in a plaque assay for mitogen-activated T cells. The plaque assay, utilizing SRBC to which Staphylococcal protein A had been coupled, the developing anti-supernatant antiserum and @entity840 complement, readily detected secreting T cells. The T-cell nature of the @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) was established principally by the following: (a) the majority of lymphocytes in the centers of plaques were @entity3512 -positive by fluroescence; (b) spleen cells depleted of B cells by incubation in plastic dishes coated with rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibody gave greatly enriched @entity1358 responses; (c) anti- @entity3512 and anti- @entity3414 .2 treatment of spleen cells almost completely depleted @entity1358 ; (d) T-cell mitogens (Con A and phytohemagglutinin) but not B-cell mitogens (lipopolysaccharides) induced @entity1358 responses; (e) T cells maintained in culture for 10 d with Con A and T-cell growth factor yielded @entity1358 . Kinetic and dose response studies showed that high doses of mitogen induced rapidly appearing T- @entity1358 and the responses peaked at day 1--2 of culture. Lower doses of mitogen-induced @entity1358 required longer periods of incubation for detection, indicating that cell activation and secretion may be different dose-dependent activities of mitogens. Another noteworthy finding was that the antiserum reacted with surface antigens of T- @entity1358 , indicating that secreted products are expressed on the membranes of T cells, offering the possibility of isolating populations of cells with specific secretory potential. Although the precise nature of the T-cell products detected by the antiserum used in this assay are unresolved, 10% of the target-cell-adherent population from spleen cells of BALB/c @entity19 sensitized to L929 cells formed plaques. This suggests that the antiserum has significant activity against the products of cytotoxic T cells, a finding which accords with the activity of anti- @entity3414 .2 serum against mitogen-induced T- @entity1358 . The method clearly offers new possibilities for the analysis of T cells and their products and should provide an important approach to the clonal analysis of lymphokine production.

title: A hemolytic plaque assay for activated XXXX T cells.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['plaque-forming cells', 'PFC']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The so-called two-stage procedure has been used in the reconstructive surgery for the severely @entity1795 . However, only little has been known as to vascularity of the grafted tendon within the pseudosheath. In order to clarify this problem, a series of experimental studies were carried out using young @entity1573 . First, the flexor tendon of the fourth digit of @entity1573 with its sheath was replaced by a @entity1346 rod. The distal end of the rod was sutured to the stump of the flexor digitorum profundus and the proximal end left free. Then, in ten to sixteen weeks, upon removal of the rod, the flexor digitorum profundus of the third digit was grafted through into the newly formed pseudosheath. The paw was immobilized with plaster case in moderate flexion for three weeks, then the @entity1573 was allowed to walk freely. At the different time intervals, starting from the third day to the fifteen weeks after surgery, a mode of vascularization of the grafted tendon and its surrounding tissue was examined microangiographically. The vessels appear at the area of proximal and distal stump of the grafted tendon a week postoperatively, and additional vessels appear at the contact area of the pseudosheath and the grafted tendon two weeks postoperatively. These vessels formed mutual @entity254 in five to six weeks. With time, the vessels connecting between the epitenon and the pseudosheath gradually enlarge and assemble together to form vascular bundles, so that the appearance of the structure becomes similar to that of the mesotenon. Three weeks postoperatively, the vessels appeared in the grafted tendon, and grew gradually so that these vessels ran through the full length of the grafted tendon in five to six weeks. About ten weeks, the vascularity of the grafted tendon is more abundant than that of the normal tendon, but diminished gradually so as to resemble that of the normal tendon at the fifteeth week. Thus, the growth of the vessels of the tendon grafted by two-stage procedure is delayed by two weeks compared with that by the primary tendon grafting.

title: [An experimental study on repair and restoration of gliding function of the XXXX : A mode of vascularization of the grafted tendon within the pseudosheath (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['injured flexor tendon of the finger']

answer: @entity1795 :: (MESH:D052582,Disease) :: ['injured flexor tendon of the finger. Part 6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: : Disease management programs have grown in popularity over the past decade as a strategy to curb escalating healthcare costs for @entity1 with @entity102 . OBJECTIVES: : To evaluate the effect of the Indiana @entity102 Management Program (ICDMP) on the longitudinal changes in Medicaid claims statewide. RESEARCH DESIGN: : Phased implementation of a chronic disease management program in 3 regions of the state. Fourteen repeated cohorts of Medicaid members were drawn over a period of 3.5 years and the trends in claims were evaluated using a repeated measures model. SUBJECTS: : A total of 44,218 Medicaid members with @entity6 and/or @entity712 in 3 geographic regions in Indiana. RESULTS: : Across all 3 regions and both disease classes, we found a flattening of cost trends between the pre- and post-ICDMP-initiation periods. This change in the slopes was significant for all of the models except for @entity712 in southern Indiana. Thus, the average per member claims paid was increasing at a faster rate before ICDMP but slowed once the program was initiated. To distinguish shorter and longer-term effects related to ICDMP, we estimated @entity7939 within the pre- and post-ICDMP- time periods. A similar pattern was found in all regions: claims were increasing before ICDMP, flattened in the years around program initiation, and remained flat in the final year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: : This analysis shows that the trend in average total claims changed significantly after the implementation of ICDMP, with a decline in the rate of increase in claims paid observed for targeted Medicaid program populations across the state of Indiana.

title: The Indiana XXXX Management Program's impact on medicaid claims: a longitudinal, statewide evaluation.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Disease', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity7939 :: ('MESH:C535556', 'Disease') :: ['annual slopes']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic Disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3520 is a rare @entity717 . Medical treatment rarely relieves symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of bilateral pallidal stimulation in 6 @entity1 and adolescents with @entity3520 . In addition, we strived to find predictors for treatment outcome by review and analysis of previously published studies. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity3520 underwent chronic bilateral stimulation of the globus pallidus internus. A PubMed and MEDLINE search was performed in order to identify @entity1 and adolescents who underwent deep brain stimulation for @entity3520 . The primary efficacy endpoint was the relative change of the Burke-Fahn-Marsden-Dystonia-Rating-Scale (movement score) after surgery. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The mean age at onset of the disease was 7.8+/-2.8years and the mean age at surgery was 14.2+/-3.5years. The mean Burke-Fahn-Marsden-Dystonia-Rating-Scale (movement score) was 56.9+/-22.7 before surgery and 23.7+/-23.2 at a mean follow up of 13.0+/-4.8months (p<0.001). The improvement in the @entity7922 -positive group was significantly higher compared to the @entity7922 -negative group (77%+/-24% and 44%+/-30%, respectively, p<0.001). A positive correlation between the movement score before and after surgery was found in both the @entity7922 -positive and @entity7922 -negative cohort (rs=0.624, p<0.001 and rs=0.734, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: DBS is an effective treatment in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity3520 . Predictive factors for a better treatment outcome are @entity7922 -positive status and minor motor impairment before surgery.

title: Bilateral pallidal stimulation in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity3520 --report of six XXXX and literature-based analysis of predictive outcomes variables.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['Primary generalized dystonia', 'primary generalized dystonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Bias due to non-response in observational studies may lead to false risk estimates. We evaluated potential selective non-response in Stockholm @entity6 Prevention Program (SDPP) using a population-based drug register. A cohort of 12,952 @entity1 and 19,416 @entity1 , aged 35-56 years, was screened for @entity6 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Response rate: 79% in @entity1 and 85% in @entity1 . Of the 4,209 @entity1 and 6,916 @entity1 that were invited, 70 and 68% participated in a baseline health examination including oral @entity413 tolerance test. A follow-up was performed in 79% of male and 70% of female baseline @entity1 . We used data from the prescription register to estimate absolute risks and ORs for drug-treated @entity6 in the non-response/non-participation groups. At both screening and baseline steps absolute risks of drug-treated @entity6 were equal in non- @entity1 and @entity1 . Adjusted ORs were 0.9-1.0. At follow-up, absolute risks were higher among non- @entity1 than @entity1 , @entity1 6.2/4.4% and @entity1 2.6/1.6%, adjusted ORs 1.4 (0.9-2.3) and 1.5 (0.9-2.4), suggesting selective non-participation. Further analyses of @entity6 , smoking, physical activity, socioeconomic position and @entity458 demonstrated no previous false risk estimates for @entity164 2 @entity6 . However, for body mass index, there were indications of overestimation in @entity1 . We conclude that bias from non-response was not present at screening or baseline steps, suggesting that @entity6 prevalence and risks may be estimated from a population-based cohort study with high attendance rate such as the SDPP. However, follow-up data should be treated with some caution, since the sample may have become biased.

title: The influence of non-response in a population-based cohort study on XXXX 2 @entity6 evaluated by the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'FHD', 'family history of diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: The detrusor muscle, @entity1494 , proximal, middle and distal regions of the urethra of the female @entity1707 were studied by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to localize @entity2922 -containing, acetylcholinesterase-positive and peptide-containing nerves. The peptides examined included: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, @entity1943 , @entity2999 , @entity6138 and @entity28989 . The greatest density of nerves was found in the smooth muscle of the distal urethra, followed by the @entity1494 , middle urethra, and proximal urethra, with the least in the detrusor muscle. The greatest number of nerve fibres stained for acetylcholinesterase, followed by vasoactive intestinal @entity23186 - and @entity2922 -containing fibres. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres were confined to the @entity1494 and distal urethral regions. [Met] @entity3000 -and @entity28989 -immunoreactive nerves were most dense in the distal urethra but absent in detrusor muscle, while @entity1943 -immunoreactive nerve fibres were sparsely distributed throughout the lower urinary tract. No nerve fibres showing immunoreactivity to @entity6138 were found. @entity2922 -containing, acetylcholinesterase-positive, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, [Met] @entity3000 - and @entity28989 -immunoreactive nerves were also found on the adventitial-medial border of blood vessels in the @entity1707 urinary tract. In the intrinsic external urethral sphincter, located in the distal urethra, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and @entity28989 -immunoreactive nerve fibres were found bordering a small number of individual striated muscle fibres, while @entity2922 -containing nerves were found predominantly in the connective tissue surrounding the striated muscle fibres. Dense populations of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibres were found associated with the striated muscle fibres, with end plates on some of them. Intramural @entity21 , composed of two to 30 neurones, were found in the @entity1494 and middle and distal regions of the urethra. In the smooth muscle, and in the vicinity of the striated muscle regions of the intrinsic external urethral sphincter, there were small @entity21 , containing two to three neurones, which were vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, @entity2999 - and @entity1943 -immunoreactive. The results are compared to the autonomic innervation of the @entity1 bladder and urethra as previously described and it is concluded that the lower urinary tract of the @entity1707 is a good model for some features of the lower urinary tract of @entity1 , but a poor model for others.

title: A histochemical and immunohistochemical study of the autonomic innervation of the lower urinary tract of the female @entity1707 . Is the XXXX a good model for the @entity1 bladder and urethra?

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity2999 :: ('MESH:D004744', 'Chemical') :: ['[Met]enkephalin']

entities_list: @entity23186 :: ('CHEBI:15841', 'Chemical') :: ['polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity3000 :: ('MESH:D004745', 'Chemical') :: ['enkephalin']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Three cases of a distinctive soft tissue @entity5 with spotty calcification demonstrate the lesion originally described by Keasby as Juvenile @entity81 . The @entity5 tends to occur on the volar surface of the hands and feet in @entity1 and adolescents but may be seen in other areas in all age groups. Size rarely exceeds 3.0 cm. The @entity5 are fixed to the @entity4438 . In previously reported @entity1 @entity158 was not described as an important factor, but both @entity158 and tenderness were striking in all 3 of our cases. Microscopically the dominant feature is a fribrous stromal pattern of fusiform cells with inclusions of mast cells. Spotty calcification is a constant finding and appears to increase with duration of @entity5 . Local recurrence after excision and an aggressive histologic appearance may raise the question of @entity5 . However, neither destruction of normal tissue surrounding the @entity5 nor @entity3 have occurred. Local exicision is the treatment of choice.

title: Juvenile XXXX . Report of three cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial layers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrous tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['Aponeurotic Fibroma']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['aponeurotic fibroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been reported that anatomical resection of the liver may be preferred for primary @entity157 ( @entity157 ), and is at least recommended for systematic removal of a segment confined by @entity5 -bearing portal tributaries. However, nonanatomical resection (NAR) is often selected because of the @entity1 's background, @entity409 , and @entity5 factors. The aims of the present study were to retrospectively compare the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates for cases of partial resection (PR) and for small anatomical resection (SAR), which is regarded as NAR for primary @entity157 with @entity409 . @entity1 AND METHODS: So-called NAR was performed for a primary and solitary ( <= 5cm) @entity157 in 47 @entity1 ; the @entity1 were classified into PR (n=25) and SAR (n=22) groups. Clinicopathological factors, survival data, and recurrence patterns were compared between groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the preoperative characteristics between the two groups. Operative time was significantly longer in the SAR group than in the PR group. There was no significant difference in the postoperative morbidity and @entity5 pathological characteristics between the two groups. The @entity1349 of the SAR group was significantly better than those of the PR group. Although there was no significant difference in the pattern of recurrence between the two groups, the rate of intrahepatic recurrence in the same segment as the initial @entity5 tended to be higher in the PR group than in the SAR group. Multivariate analysis revealed that only the PR operative procedure was significant independent risk factor for poorer @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: Compared with PR, SAR effectively improves the rate of @entity1349 after surgery for a primary and solitary @entity157 with @entity409 .

title: Survival Benefits of Small Anatomical Resection of the Liver for @entity1 with @entity157 and XXXX , Based on New-Era Imaging Studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of liver function', 'impaired liver function']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Impaired Liver Function']


abstract: BACKGROUND: About one-third of @entity1 with @entity14 present with acute @entity694 requiring emergency surgery. Current surgical options are intraoperative lavage and resection of the colonic segment involved with primary @entity254 , @entity512 with primary @entity254 , colostomy followed by resection, and resection of the colonic segment involved with end colostomy (Hartmann's procedure) requiring a second operation to reconstruct the colon. These procedures present risks and a poor quality of life. Endoscopic colonic stent insertion can effectively decompress the obstructed colon, allowing bowel preparation and elective resection. METHODS: The authors present their experience managing 31 @entity1 with obstructing @entity14 who underwent endoscopic colonic decompression with self-expanding metallic stents. A total of 16 @entity1 were treated with open resection, and 6 underwent a laparoscopic resection. The remaining 9 @entity1 were managed with endoscopic palliation and adjuvant therapy. Of the 31 @entity1 , 17 were treated with postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: The mean interval between stenting and surgery was 11 days (range, 1-21 days). There was no intraoperative morbidity. The incidence of postoperative morbidity was 20% for open surgery and 0% for laparoscopic surgery. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 13 days for the open surgery group, and 7 days for the laparoscopic group (p = 0.003). The hospital mortality rate was 3.2%. Follow-up evaluation was completed for 96% of the @entity1 . The minimum follow-up period was 15 months. All the @entity1 in the palliative group died of disease, with a median survival of 3 months. Of the 22 surgically treated @entity1 , 17 (77%) are alive at this writing. CONCLUSION: This initial experience shows that after successful endoscopic stenting of malignant @entity14 , elective surgical resection can be performed safely. The presence of the endoluminal stent does not prevent a laparoscopic approach. The combined endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures are a less invasive alternative to the multistage open operations and offer a faster recovery.

title: Management of obstructive XXXX with endoscopic stenting followed by single-stage surgery: open or laparoscopic resection?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal obstruction', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity512 :: ('MESH:C567308', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal colectomy']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity170 is one of the most difficult problems in the management of @entity4932 (JCA). The available data suggest that @entity604 results from multifactorial processes which lead to bone degradation through the activation of osteoclasts. Biphosphonates are synthetic factors that, once localized on the surface of @entity692 crystals, do not allow either the production or destruction of the crystals. This activity seems to be due to @entity137 against osteoclasts and to inhibition of @entity1421 synthesis. There is some evidence that these drugs are effective in the treatment of @entity170 in @entity66 . In an attempt to reduce or prevent @entity170 in @entity1 affected by JCA we started a trial with @entity19160 , a type of biphosphonate. Thirteen @entity1 were enrolled in the study: 7 received @entity19160 and 6 acted as control subjects. Before starting the therapy and after one year we performed a CT scan to evaluate the mineral bone density in all @entity1 . The mean bone density increased from a bone mineral content of 129 mg/cc before treatment to 134 mg/cc after treatment (8% increase); control @entity1 passed from 123 mg/cc to 115 mg/cc (7% decrease) in the same period. Only one @entity1 stopped treatment because of gastrointestinal side effects. The small number of @entity1 enrolled in the trial does not allow any definite conclusions to be drawn, but the data are interesting and worthy of further study.

title: Treatment and prevention of @entity170 in XXXX with @entity19160 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['several diseases']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Juvenile Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['disodium clodronate']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature on @entity165 point-of-care tests (POCTs). This article would serve as a resource to assist community pharmacists in developing @entity165 point-of-care (POC) pharmacy services. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE Ovid, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane database using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: point-of-care test, @entity165 , blood chemical analysis, rapid testing, collaborative practice, community pharmacy, and ambulatory care. Additional resources including device manufacturer web sites were summarized to supplement the current literature. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All @entity1 research articles, review articles, meta-analyses, and abstracts published in English through September 1, 2014, were considered. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 36 articles were applicable for review. Information was divided into the following categories to be summarized: devices, pharmacists' impact, and operational cost for the pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: The current literature suggests that POCTs in community pharmacies assist with @entity1 outcomes by providing screenings and referring @entity1 with @entity2299 for further evaluation. The majority of studies on @entity165 POC devices focused on accuracy, revealing the need for further studies to develop best practices and practice models with successful reimbursement. Accuracy, device specifications, required supplies, and @entity1 preference should be considered when selecting a POC device for purchase.

title: XXXX Point-of-Care Testing for Community Pharmacies: A Review of the Current Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims at describing the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with acne using @entity272 ( @entity272 ) products. @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a prospective study conducted over 8 months in three dermatology departments and one private clinic. All @entity1 examined for acne were included in the study. RESULTS: The study included 119 @entity1 examined for acne from March to October 2010. Among them 48 (40.7%) did @entity272 . @entity8156 was the first product used for @entity272 (26 of 48), followed by topical corticosteroids (17 of 48). The elementary lesions were papules (99.2%), comedos (36.1%), pustules (63.9%), pigmentation (26.1%), scars (21%), and nodules (20.2%). The extent of acne on the face was observed in all @entity1 (100%). The lesions were extensive among 43.7% of the @entity1 . The extent of @entity75 was not statistically associated with @entity272 . Other body areas concerned were the chest (20.2%), back, and shoulders (41.2%). The relative risk of having lesions on the back and/or shoulders when the @entity1 practiced @entity272 was 2.71 (CI: 1.08-6.84), which is significant. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that the back and shoulders can be the main areas for @entity75 associated with the practice of @entity272 . The influence of different types of product is unclear.

title: Acne and XXXX in Lom  , Togo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['acne lesions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin bleaching', 'SB']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin bleaching']


abstract: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is the most prominent cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HCT). Extracorporeal photoimmunotherapy (ECP) is an alternative therapeutic modality in @entity134 and/or @entity205 -A refractory @entity2132 developing after Allo-HCT. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there was any relation between serum @entity310 levels and the response to ECP in @entity1 with @entity134 refractory of extensive chronic @entity2132 . Between March 2001 and August 2003, seven @entity1 (male: 1, female: 6) had ECP for treatment of @entity134 refractory extensive chronic @entity2132 . Five age and gender matched healthy volunteers were included in this study as the control group. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 18 to 49 years. All @entity1 were allografted from HLA-identical sibling donors. The median number of ECP sessions was 10 (8-36), consisting of two sequential cycles monthly. For measurement of serum @entity310 levels, blood samples were obtained both prior to ECP (basal) and after the first and second in all @entity1 and in five @entity1 after the 10th session. Serum @entity310 levels (Quantakine HS, R_D system, UK) were measured in peripheral venous blood samples by an ELISA method. ECP was given at a median of 5.8 months (1-14 months) after allo-HCT. No complications were seen during or after the ECP procedures. The median time of an ECP session was 183 minutes. The median volume of Uvadex used per session was 4.40 ml (3.61-5.61). The basal mean level of @entity310 was higher in @entity1 than in the control group (2.47+/-0.83 pg/ml vs. 1.75+/-0.06, p=0.05). The mean @entity310 levels decreased from 2.47+/-0.83 pg/ml to 1.77+/-0.93 pg/ml after the initial session (p=0.045) and from 2.32+/-0.92 pg/ml to 1.69+/-0.93 pg/ml after the second day (p=0.015). After completion of the ECP sessions, extensive chronic @entity2132 recovered in only three @entity1 . In three clinically responsive @entity1 , the @entity310 levels were significantly reduced after both the second and tenth sessions. In contrast, in two @entity1 not responding to ECP therapy, @entity310 levels were increased. In order to report whether these changes in @entity310 levels is an early predictor for evaluation of the efficacy of ECP in extensive chronic @entity2132 , @entity310 levels should be studied in a larger series.

title: The effect of extracorporeal photoimmunotherapy (ECP) on serum @entity310 level in chronic graft versus @entity2132 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GvHD', 'Graft versus host disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['GvHD']


abstract: Major life events such as divorce, death of a spouse or a @entity1 , or long-term unemployment are stressful to most @entity1 and animal models have suggested a link between stress and onset of @entity304 . In a large case-control study based on nationwide registries, we aim to address whether major life events are risk factors for @entity191 . Between 1986 and 2006, we identified 13,695 @entity1 with a ( @entity1726 ) primary diagnosis of @entity1726 in the Danish National Hospital Register. Each case was frequency matched by age and gender to five population controls. Information on major life events before onset of @entity1726 was ascertained from national registries. Among @entity1 , number of life events was associated with risk of @entity191 in an inverse dose-response manner (P < 0.0001). Compared to no events, three or more events were associated with a 42% lower risk of @entity1726 (OR = 0.58; 95 % CI: 0.34-0.99). Life events were not associated with @entity1726 in @entity1 . In contrast, a higher risk of @entity1726 was observed among @entity1 who had never been married (1.16; 1.04-1.29) and among @entity1 (1.47; 1.18-1.82) and @entity1 (1.30; 1.05-1.61) who have never been employees. The lower risk of @entity191 among @entity1 who had experienced life events was unexpected but might suggest a general "risk avoidance behavior" in @entity191 @entity1 .

title: Major life events and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Heparanase is an endo-b-D-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan @entity597 side chains at a limited number of sites, yielding heparan @entity597 fragments of still appreciable size. Importantly, heparanase activity correlates with the metastatic potential of @entity5 -derived cells, attributed to enhanced cell dissemination as a consequence of heparan @entity597 cleavage and remodeling of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane underlying epithelial and endothelial cells. Similarly, heparanase activity is implicated in @entity2295 , @entity32 and autoimmunity, involving the migration of vascular endothelial cells and activated cells of the immune system. The cloning of a single @entity1 heparanase cDNA 10 years ago enabled researchers to critically approve the notion that heparan @entity597 cleavage by heparanase is required for structural remodeling of the extracellular matrix, thereby facilitating cell invasion. Progress in the field has expanded the scope of heparanase function and its significance in @entity5 progression and other pathologies. Notably, although heparanase inhibitors @entity5 progression and @entity3 in several experimental systems, other studies revealed that heparanase also functions in an enzymatic activity-independent manner. Thus, inactive heparanase was noted to facilitate adhesion and migration of primary endothelial cells and to promote phosphorylation of signaling molecules such as @entity584 and @entity7242 , facilitating gene transcription (i.e. @entity7 ) and phosphorylation of selected @entity7242 substrates (i.e. endothelial growth factor receptor). The concept of enzymatic activity-independent function of heparanase gained substantial support by the recent identification of the heparanase C-terminus domain as the molecular determinant behind its signaling capacity. Identification and characterization of a @entity1 heparanase splice variant (T5) devoid of enzymatic activity and endowed with protumorigenic characteristics, elucidation of cross-talk between heparanase and other extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism associated with heparanase expression and increased risk of graft versus host disease add other layers of complexity to heparanase function in health and disease.

title: Proteoglycans in health and disease: new concepts for heparanase function in @entity5 progression and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'attenuated tumor']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5912 is a mitochondrial membrane transporter expressed in white adipose tissue and involved in regulation of energy balance. In this present study, we examined the depot specific comparison of @entity5912 gene expression in different metabolic states, in order to explore the potential role of @entity5912 in @entity1 @entity28 and @entity6 . We also determined @entity5912 's association with @entity1254 and insulin resistance with different parameters of the @entity209 . METHODS: @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) were obtained from 69 subjects, including 23 non- @entity28 controls, 26 @entity28 and 20 @entity28 T2DM @entity1 . @entity209 and other clinical features were studied. @entity1254 and @entity5912 gene expression was quantitated by Real Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: @entity5912 gene expression was significantly reduced in @entity28 and @entity6 @entity1 compared with controls. Interestingly, we found that @entity5912 gene expression was reduced more in omental fat compared with subcutaneous fat and this effect was observed only in males but not in females. Partial correlation analysis showed significant association with the @entity28 parameters waist circumference, insulin and HOMA-IR, the lipid parameter @entity412 and the adipokine @entity1254 . CONCLUSION: Reduced @entity5912 gene expression in @entity28 and @entity6 @entity1 and its association with @entity28 parameters and HOMA-IR confirms its role as a candidate gene in the study of @entity28 and @entity6 in our population. Also, its association with @entity1674 implicates its role in lipid metabolism. An association between @entity1254 and @entity5912 gene expression may provide us with an innovative therapeutic strategy to prevent @entity28 related @entity66 , like @entity6 and CVD.

title: XXXX ( @entity5912 ) gene expression in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue of Asian Indians: Relationship to @entity1254 and parameters of @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['OAT', 'Subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'omental adipose tissues', 'SAT']

answer: @entity5912 :: (7351,Gene) :: ['Uncoupling protein-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to compare the mid- and long-term effects of different treatments such as CT-guided percutaneous @entity358 , @entity6551 perfusing chemotherapy and whole-body standard chemotherapy or extended chemotherapy on safety and effectiveness for pleural chemotherapy. A total of 60 subjects diagnosed to have @entity3254 between February 2010 and February 2014 were prospectively selected for this study and were considered as the experimental group. Seventy @entity3254 @entity1 who underwent treatment between February 2006 and February 2010 were considered as the control group. The @entity1 in the experimental group were treated with CT-guided percutaneous @entity358 and @entity6551 perfusing chemotherapy of not more than three courses with each course consisting of administration of 0.1 g @entity3109 , n 0.5 gkanamyci, 0.2 g @entity5553 , and 1 ml @entity3303 once a week for four times. The @entity1 in the control group were treated with whole-body standard or extended chemotherapy regimen 3~6HRZE(S)/6~12HR. The @entity1 were followed up for 18 months and the treatment effects were compared. The diameter of @entity6551 in @entity1 of the experimental group during 6, 12 and 18 months was shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of treatment and the duration of treatment in experimental group during 18 months were higher than that of control group (P<0.05). The frequency of @entity532 were lower in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). No surgically acquired complications were observed in the experimental group. Thus, treatments such as CT-guided percutaneous @entity358 and @entity6551 perfusing chemotherapy for @entity3254 are safe and effective, which has greater value and can be promoted for use in the clinical setting.

title: Safety and effectiveness of CT-guided percutaneous XXXX and @entity6551 perfusing chemotherapy for the treatment of @entity3254 .

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['drug-related complications']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary paracentesis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['pleural tuberculosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary paracentesis']


abstract: Ras association domain family 1, isoform A ( @entity32964 ) is a novel @entity5 suppressor gene that is found to be inactivated in more than 40 types of @entity5 . In addition, @entity19 @entity32964 knockout models have an increased frequency of spontaneous and induced @entity5 . The mechanisms by which @entity32964 exerts its @entity5 suppression activities or the pathways it can regulate are not yet fully understood. Using yeast two-hybrid system, we have previously identified C19ORF5/ @entity22549 as the major @entity32964 -interacting protein. C19ORF5 has two conserved microtubule-associated regions and may function to anchor @entity32964 to the centrosomes. In this study, we have analyzed the cellular functions of C19ORF5. By using small interfering RNA-mediated depletion and time-lapse video microscopy, we show that C19ORF5 knockdown causes @entity854 that consist of failure to form a stable metaphase plate, premature sister chromatid separation, lagging chromosomes, and multipolar spindles. We also show that a fraction of C19ORF5 localizes to the spindle microtubules. Additionally, we show here that C19ORF5 localizes to the microtubule-organizing centers during microtubule regrowth after nocodazole washout. Knockdown of C19ORF5 disrupts the microtubule-organizing center and results in microtubule nucleation from several sites. Whereas the localization of pericentrin is not affected, alpha- and gamma-tubulin localization and sites of nucleation are greatly altered by C19ORF5 depletion. This may indicate that C19ORF5 plays a role in anchoring the microtubule-organizing center to the centrosomes. In addition, we show that the @entity2733 terminus of C19ORF5 is essential for this process. This novel role for C19ORF5 could explain the resulting @entity854 that occur on its depletion and can potentially provide an underlying mechanism for the frequent centrosome and microtubule abnormalities detected in several @entity5 .

title: Depletion of the Ras association domain family 1, isoform A-associated novel microtubule-associated protein, C19ORF5/ @entity22549 , causes XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sporadic cancers', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic abnormalities']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['mitotic abnormalities']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Among the bearing surfaces involved in a total hip arthroplasty, ultra-high molecular weight @entity691 (UHMWPE) is the weak link. It is submitted to the friction of a harder bearing, producing wear particles, which, in turn, initiate an inflammatory reaction ultimately leading to @entity3061 . This kind of bone deterioration sometimes turns out to an aggressive @entity738 and may provoke implant loosening. Wear resistance of UHMWPE depends on its molecular weight and crystallinity. Some steps of the manufacturing process were improved to optimize its tribological properties and to slow down degradation resulting from mechanical (abrasion) and chemical (oxidation) phenomena. Its preparation and conservation must be performed in an inert atmosphere, i.e. without ambient @entity26 . Its resistance to abrasion depends on its cross-linking degree. Its cross-linking rate was observed to increase proportionally to the irradiation doses, improving its wear resistance. However, its mechanical properties are impaired and moreover, it becomes oxidation sensitive. It is therefore necessary to submit it to a thermal treatment to eliminate free radicals that were produced during irradiation. More recently impregnation by @entity270 , a powerful anti-oxidant product, was proposed to preserve the polymer from in vivo oxidation while maintaining its mechanical properties. We raised the hypothesis that last-generation UHMWPE could offer the same wear resistance as the most performing bearings (ceramic-on-ceramic). Recent clinical results confirm the tribological performance of highly crosslinked UHMWPE in vivo. However, it remains to be seen whether this excellent wear resistance would persist under eccentric load such as edge loading, and if, in the long run, this kind of bearing proves capable of reducing the risk of @entity3061 in young and active @entity1 .

title: Wear products of total hip arthroplasty: The case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) are potentially serious side effects of @entity935 agonist therapy in @entity191 ( @entity191 ), but prospective data are lacking about their incidence, time course, and risk factors. This work was a 4-year, prospective cohort study of outpatients with @entity191 and no previous @entity23 (N = 164). All subjects treated with a @entity935 agonist during the study were followed longitudinally for new-onset @entity23 . Baseline characteristics were compared in groups with ( @entity1479 +) and without ( @entity1479 -) subsequent @entity23 . Forty-six subjects were treated with a @entity935 agonist, including 25 who were newly treated and 21 who received ongoing @entity935 agonist therapy. Of these 46 subjects, 18 (39.1%) developed new-onset @entity23 . The timing of @entity1479 onset varied from 3.0 to 114.0 months (median, 23.0) after initiation of @entity935 agonist therapy. Baseline demographic characteristics were similar in @entity1479 + and @entity1479 - groups. At baseline, @entity1479 + subjects had a greater prevalence of motor complications (61.1% versus 25.0%; P = 0.01) than @entity1479 - subjects, despite comparable total dopaminergic medication usage in both groups (median, 150.0 versus 150.0 levodopa equivalents; P = 0.61). Compared with @entity1479 - subjects, @entity1479 + subjects had a greater baseline prevalence of @entity5834 use (100% versus 66.7%; P = 0.007) and higher lifetime prevalence of cigarette smoking (44.4% versus 14.3%; P = 0.04). Peak @entity935 agonist doses were higher in @entity1479 + than @entity1479 - subjects (median 300.0 versus 165.0 L-dopa equivalents; P = 0.03), but cumulative @entity935 agonist exposure was similar in both groups. In summary, the timing of new-onset @entity23 in @entity191 is highly variable. Risk factors include cigarette smoking, @entity5834 use, motor complications, and higher peak @entity935 agonist dosage.

title: Prospective cohort study of @entity23 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'Impulse control disorders']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report a case of @entity4816 occurring after the placement of permanent tattoos. HISTORY AND SIGNS: A 21-year-old male was referred to our department with @entity227 . Permanent tattoos covered the head, body, arms and legs. The @entity1 was examined with ophthalmoscopy, @entity941 angiography, @entity3194 angiography and optical coherence tomography. Systemic medical and laboratory work-up were performed in order to exclude an infectious agent or an @entity32 . He had no history of intravenous drug abuse. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: Our @entity1 presented severe posterior @entity1596 associated with @entity4816 and @entity1103 . Laboratory tests ruled out all diseases causing @entity1333 . @entity645 and B, C @entity99 tests were negative. @entity1103 and @entity1333 were resolved after immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of a @entity4816 associated with @entity1103 in a completely healthy individual after the placement of permanent tattoos. A phagocytosis of tattoo pigments leading to their lysis is described in the literature as a mechanism causing @entity1333 .

title: @entity4816 and XXXX after body tattooing: a case report.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['Cystoid macular edema', 'cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['cystoid macular edema']


abstract: In vitro effects of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on @entity1199 ( @entity1199 )-mediated @entity137 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were studied. PBMC were incubated with @entity1 recombinant @entity1199 (25 U/ml) for 72 h; during the last 24 h, various concentrations (10 pM-1 microM) of @entity1500 were added to the culture. @entity137 against k562 cells was measured by a 4-h 51Cr-release assay. The @entity1199 -mediated @entity137 was paradoxically increased at around a concentration (10 nM) @entity1500 . Such a low concentration of @entity1500 showed no anti-proliferative effect on cell growth. This enhancement with 10 nM @entity1500 was shown only in an E-rosette+ (E+) population, but not in E-rosette- (E-). In addition, when E+ cells were treated with an anti- @entity4071 monoclonal antibody plus complement after incubation with @entity1199 and @entity1500 , @entity1500 -induced enhancement was lost, suggesting that an E+ @entity4071 + cell population was mainly involved in this augmentation. Positively sorted E+ @entity4071 + cells showed similar enhancement of @entity137 after treatment with @entity1199 plus @entity1500 . On the other hand, @entity1500 treatment did not show the phenotypical changes including of the E+ @entity4071 + cells, indicating that this treatment did not affect the differentiation and proliferation of the specific cell subset. Our results indicate that a low dose of @entity1500 could have a role in the regulation of immunological anti- @entity5 surveillance systems through the natural killer and lymphokine-activated cytotoxic cells.

title: Paradoxical enhancement of XXXX -mediated @entity137 against K562 cells by addition of a low dose of @entity1499 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among plasma @entity1243 , ghrelin, @entity1254 , @entity13490 levels, and @entity27 ( @entity27 ). METHODS: Fifty-five consecutive newly diagnosed @entity27 @entity1 and 15 age-matched nonapneic controls were enrolled in this study. After sleep study between 8:00 AM and 9:00 AM on the morning, venous blood was obtained in the fasting state to measure ghrelin and adipokines. RESULTS: Serum ghrelin levels of @entity27 group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of the control group. No significant difference was noted in the levels of @entity1243 , @entity1254 , and @entity13490 in @entity27 group when compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation between ghrelin and @entity27 index (AHI) (r = 0.237, P < 0.05) or the @entity25 scale (ESS) (r = 0.28, P < 0.05). There was also a significant positive correlation between @entity1243 and body mass index (r = 0.592, P < 0.0001). No significant correlation was observed between @entity1243 , @entity1254 , @entity13490 , and any polysomnographic parameters. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that serum ghrelin levels were higher in @entity27 @entity1 than those of control group and correlated with AHI and ESS. Further studies are needed to clarify the complex relation among @entity27 , @entity28 , adipokines, and ghrelin.

title: Ghrelin, @entity1243 , XXXX , and @entity13490 levels in sleep apnea syndrome: Role of @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Epworth sleepiness']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']