abstract: INTRODUCTION: An unbalanced geographical distribution of physicians leads to important differences in healthcare outcomes and difficulties in accessing healthcare services in rural areas. As in many other countries in the world, the geographical distribution of physicians in @entity233 is unbalanced. Although there has been an increase in the number of physicians in the rural areas of @entity233 since the introduction of the Health Transformation Program in 2003, health statistics indicate that significant differences still exist between regions in terms of the population-to-physician ratio. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect physicians' decisions about working in rural areas in @entity233 . METHODS: Overall, 1340 physicians working in urban areas constituted the sample group of this study. A survey method was used to collect the data. The questionnaire, which was used as a data collection tool, included nine questions to gather the opinions of physicians regarding working in rural areas. Variables such as occupational group and financial incentives affecting the physicians' willingness to work in rural areas were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and the answers given according to these variables were compared via t-test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: Of the sample, 59.9% of the @entity1 physicians were @entity1 , and 36.9% were specialists. Opinions of the physicians about working in the rural areas differed significantly by occupational group, marital status and income. Medical residents and general practitioners were more willing to work in rural areas than other profession groups. In addition, single physicians were more open to working in rural areas than were married physicians. An increase in physicians' income reduced their willingness to work in rural areas. The developmental level of the region where they worked was found to be a very important variable affecting their preferences. @entity1 working in developed regions are reluctant to work in the rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: Specific occupational groups, young and single physicians, and physicians working in underdeveloped regions were found to be the groups that can more easily be motivated to work in rural areas. To encourage physicians to work in rural areas, monetary and non-monetary incentives should be considered.

title: Factors affecting the work of physicians in rural areas of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'Participants', 'men']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tristetraprolin (TTP), also known as @entity219 finger protein 36, is an RNA binding protein that has a significant role in regulating the expression of mRNAs containing AU-rich elements. We postulated that TTP might regulate interleukin (IL)-6 and @entity8923 expression in @entity6 . This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the levels of TTP are correlated with @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity1 (61.3  9.6 years old) who had been diagnosed with @entity6 and 41 age and sex matched healthy control subjects were enrolled. The @entity6 @entity1 were classified into those without @entity644 , with microalbuminuria, and with clinical @entity644 groups according to the ratio of urinary excretion of albumin/ @entity1011 (ACR). RESULTS: Serum and urinary levels of @entity650 and @entity8923 were significantly elevated, but those of TTP were significantly decreased in @entity1 with @entity6 as compared with control subjects. In addition, serum and urinary levels of @entity650 and @entity8923 were significantly higher, but those of TTP were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity644 than in @entity1 without @entity644 or with microalbuminuria. There was a significant correlation between serum TTP and @entity650 / @entity8923 (correlation coefficients of -0.572 and -0.685, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results show that @entity6 with clinical @entity644 is accompanied by decreased urinary and serum level of TTP and increased levels of @entity650 and @entity8923 . @entity393 might occur prior to the increase in @entity650 and @entity8923 , and decrease of TTP might provide an earlier marker for @entity8 than @entity650 and @entity8923 .

title: The Expression of Tristetraprolin and Its Relationship with Urinary Proteins in XXXX with Diabetic Nephropathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'glomerular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased TTP expression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: To determine which clinical factors might be associated with @entity356 (IM) in a North American population. METHODS: Pathology and endoscopy databases at an academic medical center were reviewed to identify @entity1 with and without gastric IM on biopsies for a retrospective cohort study. @entity1 demographics, insurance status, and other clinical factors were reviewed. RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-eight @entity1 with gastric IM (mean age: 61.0 years    14.4 years, 55.5% female) and 171 without gastric IM (mean age: 48.8 years    20.8 years, 55.0% female) were compared. The endoscopic appearance of @entity4726 correlated with finding gastric IM on histopathology (OR = 2.05, P = 0.051). Gastric IM was associated with histologic findings of chronic @entity3621 (OR = 2.56, P < 0.001), @entity2275 (OR = 6.97, P = 0.015), @entity356 (OR = 6.11, P = 0.038), and @entity356 (OR = 6.53, P = 0.027). Histologic findings of @entity355 (OR = 0.28, P = 0.003) and @entity2910 (OR = 0.11, P = 0.014) were inversely associated with gastric IM. @entity286 use (OR = 1.73, P = 0.005) was associated with gastric IM. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who smoke or have the endoscopic finding of @entity4726 are more likely to have gastric IM and should have screening gastric biopsies during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). @entity1 with gastric IM are at increased risk for having @entity356 and @entity5 , and surveillance EGD with gastric biopsies in these @entity1 might be reasonable.

title: Gastric intestinal metaplasia is associated with @entity356 but is inversely correlated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric intestinal metaplasia', 'gastric cancer', 'gastric dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['esophageal dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2670 is a frequent complication occurring after haematopoietic @entity8 ( @entity8 ), which is generally ascribed to radiation treatment and antiblastic alkylating agents. METHODS: Ovarian morphology and function were studied in reproductive age @entity1 12-24 months after allogeneic @entity8 (n = 23) received from an HLA identical sibling, or autologous @entity8 (n = 22). Thirteen allo-transplanted @entity1 were suffering from @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). RESULTS: Menstrual cycles recovered in two and four @entity1 in the allo- and auto- @entity8 groups respectively, being associated with younger age and longer period elapsed from transplant. There was no difference in previous use of alkylating agents between allo- and auto-transplantation, while @entity228 treatment was longer and more recent in the allo- @entity8 group. Significantly higher gonadotrophin levels and lower @entity53 were seen in the combined group of @entity1 than in controls. In allo-transplanted @entity1 , @entity3800 were also significantly lower than in controls. Ovarian and uterine volumes were lower in @entity1 than in controls, and in the allo- than in the auto-transplanted @entity1 . Within the allo- @entity8 group, endocrine function and ovarian and uterine volumes were significantly lower in the @entity1 suffering from @entity2132 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2670 in @entity8 recipients is likely to be caused principally by myelo-ablative treatments, but the condition of gonadal and @entity342 insufficiency can be worsened by an altered immunomodulation in allogeneic setting.

title: Gonadal status in reproductive age XXXX after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematological malignancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantion']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['cGVHD', 'chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity3378 is commonly used as an anti inflammatory agent and is known as a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB. Some @entity3123 are characterized by a constitutively elevated NF-kappaB activity accounting for chemoresistance. To elucidate whether blockade of NF-kappaB activity with @entity3378 is suitable for overcoming this chemoresistance in vivo, we employed a @entity19 model with subcutaneously xenotransplanted @entity1 @entity1 @entity3123 cells. Fourteen days upon @entity5 inoculation, animals were randomized in 6 groups, receiving no treatment, treatment with @entity136 or with @entity2879 , either alone or in combination with @entity3378 , or with @entity3378 alone. Two therapy regimens were given with a 7-day interval in between. Upon treatment with @entity2879 or @entity136 alone, @entity5 sizes were moderately reduced to 65-68% and 50-65%, respectively, as compared to untreated @entity5 . @entity3378 alone only decreased temporarily the @entity5 sizes. @entity3378 in combination with @entity136 showed only partially higher reduction in @entity5 sizes than @entity136 alone, whereas the combination with @entity2879 reduced significantly the @entity5 sizes in all experiments (down to 20%). TUNEL-staining showed higher numbers of apoptotic cells in @entity5 from the combination groups, in particular with @entity2879 , and proliferation as indicated by Ki67 staining was strongly reduced. Furthermore, combined treatment of @entity3378 with the cytostatic drugs led to a decreased blood vessel density. Immunohistochemical staining of the activated @entity9135 subunit showed that @entity3378 treatment abolished the basal NF-kappaB activity in @entity5 xenografts. These data imply that the well established anti-inflammatory drug @entity3378 sensitizes @entity3123 cells to anti @entity5 drugs, in particular to @entity2879 in vivo by inhibition of NF-kappaB. This combined chemotherapy offers great potential for improved anti- @entity5 responses in @entity3123 .

title: Usage of the NF-kappaB inhibitor XXXX as sensitizing agent in combined chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine', 'Sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity3378 :: (MESH:D012460,Chemical) :: ['sulfasalazine']


abstract: Postnatal development of the ovine uterus between birth and Postnatal Day (PND) 56 involves differentiation of the endometrial glandular epithelium from the luminal epithelium followed by tubulogenesis and branching morphogenesis. These critical events coincide with expression of @entity172 receptor alpha (ERalpha) by nascent endometrial glands and stroma. To test the working hypothesis that @entity172 and uterine ERalpha regulate uterine growth and endometrial gland morphogenesis in the neonatal ewe, ewes were treated daily from birth (PND 0) to PND 55 with 1) saline and @entity4336 oil as a vehicle control (CX), 2) @entity53 -17 beta (E2) valerate ( @entity8323 ), an ERalpha agonist, 3) @entity62782 , an ERalpha antagonist, or 4) @entity4672 , a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. On PND 14, ewes were hemihysterectomized, and the @entity49431 and ovary were removed. The remaining uterine horn, oviduct, and ovary were removed on PND 56. Treatment with @entity4672 decreased plasma E2 levels, whereas @entity62782 had no effect compared with CX ewes. Uterine horn weight and length were not affected by @entity62782 or @entity4672 but were decreased in @entity8323 ewes on PND 56. On PND 14 and PND 56, treatment with @entity8323 decreased endometrial thickness but increased myometrial thickness. The numbers of @entity513 and endometrial glands were not affected by CGS but were lower in @entity62782 ewes on PND 56. Exposure to @entity8323 completely inhibited endometrial gland development and induced luminal epithelial hypertrophy but did not alter uterine cell proliferation. Exposure to @entity8323 substantially decreased expression of ERalpha, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, and IGF-II in the endometrium. Results indicate that circulating E2 does not regulate endometrial gland differentiation or development. Although ERalpha does not regulate initial differentiation of the endometrial glandular epithelium, results indicate that ERalpha does regulate, in part, coiling and branching morphogenesis of endometrial glands in the neonatal ewe. Ablation of endometrial gland genesis by @entity8323 indicates that postnatal uterine development is extremely sensitive to the detrimental effects of inappropriate @entity134 exposure.

title: XXXX and antiestrogen effects on neonatal ovine uterine development.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal gland invaginations']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity49431 :: ('MESH:C538511', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral oviduct']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: 1. The effects of treatment with @entity14808 ( @entity14808 ), an irreversible beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, for 30 min on the contractile responses of the @entity35 left atria and portal vein have been determined. 2. On the electrically driven @entity35 left atria, @entity14808 at 10(-5) M followed by a 60-min wash-out caused parallel rightward shifts of the @entity3044 response curves with no reduction in the maximal response to @entity3044 . 3. Treatment of the atria with @entity14808 at 3 x 10(-5) M caused non-parallel rightward shifts of @entity3044 response curves with a reduction in the maximum response to @entity3044 . The KA (dissociation constant) for @entity3044 at beta 1-adrenoceptors was 7.3 x 10(-7) M. Calculation of receptor occupancy demonstrated that in order to produce a maximal response of the @entity35 left atria, @entity3044 had to occupy 12% of the beta 1-adrenoceptors. 4. Treatment of the atria with higher concentrations of @entity14808 (greater than or equal to 6 x 10(-5) M) caused a non-specific action, the reduction of the response to electrical stimulation. 5. On the @entity35 portal vein, @entity14808 at 3 x 10(-7)-3 x 10(-6) M followed by a 45-min wash-out had no effect on the spontaneous contractile activity, caused non-parallel rightward shifts of @entity3044 response curves with a @entity308 of the @entity3044 maximum responses. Using data derived from experiments with 3 x 10(-7), 10(-6) and 3 x 10(-6) M @entity14808 , the KA for @entity3044 at @entity10341 was 6.4, 3.7 and 7.7 x 10(-7) M and the calculated receptor occupancy was that in order to produce a maximal response of the @entity35 portal vein, @entity3044 had to occupy 14, 21 and 12%, respectively of the beta 2-adrenoceptors. 6. The present study with the @entity35 left atria and portal vein has shown that it is possible to determine treatments with @entity14808 that produce no non-specific actions and consequently @entity14808 may be used as an experimental tool in KA and receptor occupancy determinations in these tissues.

title: Effects of @entity14808 ( XXXX ), an irreversible beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, on the @entity35 isolated left atria and portal vein.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity14808 :: ('MESH:C045331', 'Chemical') :: ['bromoacetylalprenololmenthane', 'BAAM']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

answer: @entity14808 :: (MESH:C045331,Chemical) :: ['BAAM']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute-stage specific bronchial epithelial detachment has been described in 27% of @entity1 with @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ). OBJECTIVES: To assess the pulmonary function of @entity1 with @entity6715 / @entity137 after remission. METHODS: Analysis of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) performed during the usual follow-up of @entity1 with @entity6715 / @entity137 managed in a referral centre from April 2007 to January 2010. RESULTS: Of 58 @entity1 admitted, 32 underwent PFTs (17 male, 15 female). The median time from the acute stage to PFTs was 3  months (interquartile range 1-18). Three @entity1 had grade 2 dyspnoea. Eighteen @entity1 (56%) had abnormal PFTs, including 13 @entity1 (41%) with moderately altered diffusion capacity for @entity1223 (DLCO ) normalized by the alveolar volume (VA) (giving the ratio KCO , which equals DLCO /VA) and five @entity1 with @entity358 . No airway obstruction was observed. @entity1 with decreased KCO had higher initial detached body surface area than others (30% vs. 10%, P  =  0  006), as did those with decreased DLCO (25% vs. 10%; P  =  0  054). There were correlations between detached body surface area and both KCO (r  =  -0  41, P  =  0  026) and DLCO (r  =  -0  47, P  =  0  011). Among 10 @entity1 with decreased KCO on the first PFT, eight @entity1 had a sustained decrease in KCO on a second PFT. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of @entity1 with @entity6715 / @entity137 displayed @entity358 , mainly diffusion impairment, which was associated with higher initial skin surface detachment. These abnormalities were mostly asymptomatic and remained stable over time.

title: XXXX and @entity137 : follow-up of pulmonary function after remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['decreased total lung capacity', 'abnormalities on PFTs']

answer: @entity6715 :: (MESH:D013262,Disease) :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']


abstract: Chronic @entity796 respiratory tract colonization in @entity1 with @entity1577 is associated with development of antibodies to the organism. In contrast to the protection usually afforded by humoral immunity to a bacterial pathogen, the immune response to @entity796 may help perpetuate @entity281 and contribute to @entity358 in @entity1577 . To determine if specific anti-P. aeruginosa antibody levels correlated with @entity358 , we measured antibodies to seven @entity796 serotypes, and correlated the geometric mean titer with pulmonary function tests. @entity1 were divided into groups without @entity796 colonization (n = 20), with recent colonization (n = 20), and with chronic colonization (n = 60). Noncolonized @entity1 had normal pulmonary function or mild @entity3885 , and low anti-P. aeruginosa titers. Pulmonary function tests in recently colonized @entity1 were not different from those of noncolonized patients, but antibody titers were higher. Following colonization FEV1 declined and titers increased rapidly. @entity1 with chronic colonization had worse pulmonary function and higher titers, but while the former were stable the latter gradually increased. An inverse correlation was found between anti-P. aeruginosa titer and FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 (P less than 0.001) in these @entity1 ; age was not a factor. The strong correlation between severity of @entity358 and anti-P. aeruginosa titer demonstrates that an exaggerated immune response to @entity796 is associated with @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

title: Respiratory tract colonization with @entity796 in XXXX : correlations between anti- @entity796 aeruginosa antibody levels and pulmonary function.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'pulmonary dysfunction', 'pulmonary damage']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance (IR) is present at all stages of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and is associated with @entity740 progression. @entity5119 can improve the prognosis of IR in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 . This study aimed to observe the effect of @entity5119 on IR and kidney protection in non-diabetic @entity740 @entity1 . METHODS: This was an open-label, non-placebo-controlled, randomized study. A total of 59 @entity1 were randomized to the @entity5119 group (0.5 g, twice daily) or the control group using a 1: 1 treatment ratio. IR was determined using a homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index. An Excel database was established to analyze follow-up data at weeks 0, 12, and 24. The primary outcome of interest was changes in the HOMA-IR, and the secondary outcomes of interest were changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body mass index (BMI), @entity165 , @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and 24-h urinary protein. RESULTS: The HOMA-IR index of the @entity5119 group after 24 weeks was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) compared to the value before treatment (average decrease: 1.45; range: -2.90 to -0.43). The HOMA-IR index in the control group increased (average increase: 0.54; range: -0.38 to 1.87). For the secondary outcomes of interest, the changes between these two groups also exhibited significant differences in eGFR (P = 0.041), @entity165 (P = 0.001), fasting @entity2690 (P < 0.001), and fasting C-peptide (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to angiotensin receptor blockers alone, the combination with @entity5119 ameliorates IR in non-diabetic @entity740 @entity1 and delays disease progression.

title: Effect of @entity5119 on @entity2690 resistance in XXXX with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity5119 :: ('MESH:D011341', 'Chemical') :: ['Probucol', 'probucol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Identifying @entity1 with early @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a major challenge. The role of the Internet in making decisions about seeking care has not been studied. We developed a method for early diagnosis and referral using the @entity625 Foundation's website. A @entity1 with less than 3  months of joint @entity158 symptom who has not yet sought medical attention was screened. Prescreened @entity1 are linked to a self-scoring questionnaire and get a "likelihood" of @entity309 statement. If "likely," the @entity1 is offered a free evaluation and biomarker testing performed by Quest Diagnostics. The system available only to Massachusetts's residents yielded a small steady flow of screen-positive individuals. Over 21  months, 43,244 @entity1 took the @entity625 Foundation website prescreening questionnaire; 196 were from Massachusetts and 60 took the self-scoring algorithm. Of the 48 who screened positive, 29 set up an appointment for a free evaluation, but six never came in. Twenty-four subjects were evaluated and diagnosed independently by three rheumatologists. One met the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for @entity309 and two met the 2010 ACR/EULAR @entity309 criteria. The 24 examined individuals were contacted at a minimum of 1  year and asked to redo the case-finding questionnaire and asked about their health resource utilization during the interval. Seventeen of the 24 subjects responded, and 10 had seen a health professional. Three of the 17 had a diagnosis of @entity309 ; all were on at least @entity1499 . Internet case finding was useful in identifying new potential @entity309 cases. The system's performance characteristics are theoretically limited only by the number of study sites available. However, the major barrier may be that seeing a health professional is not a priority for many individuals with early symptoms.

title: An Internet-based technique for the identification of XXXX with symptoms of inflammatory @entity625 of less than 12  weeks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The answers to @entity1 reported outcome measures and global transition questions for @entity615 can be discordant. For example, the most commonly used outcome measure in @entity615 trials, the @entity717 ( @entity717 ), can show improvement even though @entity1 say that their @entity615 is worse. This gives cause for concern as transition questions are used as anchors to estimate minimally important change (MIC) thresholds on @entity1 reported outcome measures such as the @entity717 . We aimed to explore and compare what @entity1 with @entity615 think when they respond to a transition question and when they complete the @entity717 . METHODS: We purposively sampled @entity1 enrolled on a @entity615 randomised controlled trial who completed the @entity717 and two transition questions. One enquired about change in ability to perform tasks, the other about change in @entity615 . We sampled @entity1 with discordance (in both directions), and @entity1 with concordant scores. We explored @entity1 ' thought processes using in-depth interviews. RESULTS: We completed 35 in-depth interviews. @entity1 with discordant @entity717 change and transition question responses attend to different factors when responding to transition questions compared to @entity1 with concordant scores. In particular, those for whom the @entity717 change indicated greater improvement than transition questions, prioritised their @entity158 ahead of functional disability. When completing the @entity717 , @entity1 ' thought processes were comparatively more objective, and specific to each statement. CONCLUSION: Approaches to primary outcome assessment in @entity615 needs re-assessment. The @entity717 may be unsuitable for use as a primary outcome measure since @entity1 may not attend to thinking about their @entity615 when completing it: @entity1 ' abilities to cope with tasks can be independent of the change in their @entity615 . Some @entity1 who improve on the @entity717 consider themselves globally worse. As transition questions can be driven by @entity158 and other physical factors, transition questions should not be used to anchor minimally important change thresholds on the @entity717 .

title: Primary outcome measure use in XXXX trials may need radical reassessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['RMDQ', 'Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: Although much work is yet to be done in this area, nine general conclusions can be derived: 1. Local site-of-injection side effects from botulinum toxin injections are rare, assuming proper technique is used. 2. The two most common medication-related side effects from botulinum toxin orofacial injections are alterations in salivary consistency and inadvertent weakness of the swallowing, speech, and facial muscles. These complications are injection site-specific (eg, more common with lateral pterygoid injections and palatal and tongue muscle injections) and dose-dependent problems. These problems are bothersome but are not contraindications for the therapy if it is needed. 3. The data presented in this article are mostly case series-based and open trial-based information that is promising, but randomized, blinded, controlled trials are needed to establish the true efficacy of this method for the orofacial motor and @entity158 disorders. 4. The novice should begin with injection of muscles he or she can inject with low risk of incorrect placement. The hard-to-find muscles should be avoided when starting out. The novice clinician should inject and dissect a few cadavers to improve injection technique. 5. The general latency for botulinum toxin type A is 1 week, its duration is 2 to 3 months, and it is recommended that injection be done no more than once every 12 weeks to avoid development of antibodies against the toxin. 6. Depending on the target muscle, injection dose is 10 to 50 U of Botox type A per site with a total dose of 200 U in the masticatory system. More than this can be used (400 U maximum) if other sites in the head and neck are included in the injection protocol. 7. Regarding injecting painful muscles that do not exhibit palpable @entity121 or EMG-determined @entity508 or observable involuntary movements but have chronic myofascial trigger points or the @entity1 localizes them as the site of their chronic daily @entity158 , botulinum toxin injections might be helpful used in this manner, but conclusive data for this controversial application of botulinum toxin are still missing. 8. Hemifacial @entity2473 has the largest number of open-label, clinical trials, some of which have a 10-year follow-up. The conclusions reached by all of these reports is that treatment of hemifacial @entity2473 with repeated injections of botulinum toxin has been highly successful and that the dose and relative effect of the injections are stable over time. 9. Although EMG-guided injection may be useful, EMG is neither practical nor needed in most situations for orofacial injections because most of the orofacial muscles are easily palpable muscles or have definitive bony landmarks to help with the localization process.

title: The management of oromandibular motor disorders and XXXX with injections of botulinum toxin.

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'headache pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hardness']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['facial spasms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) is a non-invasive treatment for chronic @entity924 , however little is known about the in-vivo biological mechanisms of @entity1457 . Using microdialysis, we examined the real-time biological response of healthy and pathological tendons to @entity1457 . A single session of @entity1457 was administered to the mid-portion of the Achilles tendon in thirteen healthy individuals (aged 25.7     7.0 years) and patellar or Achilles tendon of six @entity1 with @entity924 (aged 39.0     14.9 years). Dialysate samples from the surrounding peri-tendon were collected before and immediately after @entity1457 . @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , IL-12p70, @entity4155 , @entity7 and interferon-y were quantified using a cytometric bead array while gelatinase activity ( @entity5379 ) was examined using zymography. There were no statistical differences between the biological tissue response to @entity1457 in healthy and pathological tendons. @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity650 and @entity687 were the cytokines predominantly detected in the tendon dialysate. @entity1356 and @entity1199 did not change significantly with @entity1457 . @entity650 and @entity687 concentrations were elevated immediately after @entity1457 and remained significantly elevated for four hours post- @entity1457 (p  <  0.001). Pro-forms of @entity5379 also increased after @entity1457 (p  <  0.003), whereas there were no significant changes in active MMP forms. In addition, the biological response to @entity1457 treatment could be differentiated between possible responders and non-responders based on a minimum 5-fold increase in any inflammatory marker or MMP from pre- to post- @entity1457 . Our findings provide novel evidence of the biological mechanisms underpinning @entity1457 in @entity1 in vivo. They suggest that the mechanical stimulus provided by @entity1457 might aid tendon remodelling in @entity924 by promoting the inflammatory and catabolic processes that are associated with removing damaged matrix constituents. The non-response of some individuals may help to explain why @entity1457 does not improve symptoms in all @entity1 and provides a potential focus for future research.

title: In vivo biological response to extracorporeal shockwave therapy in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['ESWT', 'Extracorporeal shock wave therapy']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathies', 'tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of @entity1138 to an accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy. The aim was to test a very short schedule with/without @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) with @entity7617 in histologically verified @entity957 of the @entity135 region. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From October 1990 to December 1996, 188 @entity1 entered the trial. Tumors originated in the oral cavity in 54, oropharynx in 82, larynx in 20, and hypopharynx in 32 cases, respectively. @entity1 ' stages were predominantly T3 and T4 (158/188, 84%) and most @entity1 had lymph node @entity3 (144/188, 77%) at diagnosis. Only 22 @entity1 were female, 166 were male, the median age of @entity1 was 57 years (range 34 to 76 years). @entity1 were randomized to one of the following three treatment options: @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ) consisting of 70 Gy in 35 fractions over 7 weeks (65 @entity1 ) or continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy (V-CHART; 62 @entity1 ) or continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy with 20 mg/sqm @entity1139 on day 5 (V-CHART + @entity1139 ; 61 @entity1 ). By the accelerated regimens, the total dose of 55.3 Gy was delivered within 17 consecutive days, by 33 fractions. On day 1, a single dose of 2.5 Gy was given, from day 2 to 17 a dose of 1.65 Gy was delivered twice: the interfraction interval was 6 hours or more. RESULTS: @entity33 was very intense after accelerated therapy, most @entity1 experiencing a grade III/IV reaction. The mucosal reaction did not differ whether @entity1139 was administered or not. @entity1 treated by accelerated fractionation experienced a confluent mucosal reaction 12-14 days following start of therapy and recovered (no reaction) within 6 weeks. The skin reaction was not considered different in the three treatment groups. Those @entity1 treated with additional chemotherapy experienced a grade III/IV hematologic @entity137 in 12/61 @entity1 . Initial complete response (CR) was recorded in 43% following @entity7617 , 58% after V-CHART, and 67% after V-CHART + @entity1139 , respectively (p < 0.05). Actuarial survival (Kaplan-Meier) was significantly improved in the combined treated @entity1 . @entity5 control was 28%, 32%, and 56% following @entity7617 , V-CHART, and V-CHART + @entity1139 , respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that our continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy regimen is equal to @entity7617 , suggesting that by shortening the overall treatment time from 7 weeks to 17 days a reduction in dose from 70 Gy to 55.3 Gy is possible, with maintenance of @entity5 control rates. The administration of @entity1139 to the accelerated regimen is tolerable and improves the outcome for @entity1 significantly.

title: Continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy with/without @entity1138 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'conventional fractionation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor', 'Local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify novel @entity0 subtypes by extracting quantitative imaging phenotypes of the @entity5 and surrounding parenchyma, and to elucidate the underlying biological underpinnings and evaluate the prognostic capacity for predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging data of @entity1 from a single-center discovery cohort (n=60) and an independent multi-center validation cohort (n=96). Quantitative image features were extracted to characterize @entity5 morphology, intra- @entity5 heterogeneity of contrast agent wash-in/wash-out patterns, and @entity5 -surrounding parenchyma enhancement. Based on these image features, we used unsupervised consensus clustering to identify robust imaging subtypes, and evaluated their clinical and biological relevance. We built a gene expression-based classifier of imaging subtypes and tested their prognostic significance in five additional cohorts with publically available gene expression data but without imaging data (n=1160). RESULTS: Three distinct imaging subtypes, i.e., homogeneous intratumoral enhancing, minimal parenchymal enhancing, and prominent parenchymal enhancing, were identified and validated. In the discovery cohort, imaging subtypes stratified @entity1 with significantly different 5-year RFS rates of 79.6%, 65.2%, 52.5% (logrank P=0.025), and remained as an independent predictor after adjusting for clinicopathological factors (hazard ratio=2.79, P=0.016). The prognostic value of imaging subtypes was further validated in five independent gene expression cohorts, with average 5-year RFS rates of 88.1%, 74.0%, 59.5% (logrank P from <0.0001 to 0.008). Each imaging subtype was associated with specific dysregulated molecular pathways that can be therapeutically targeted. CONCLUSION: Imaging subtypes provide complimentary value to established histopathological or molecular subtypes, and may help stratify @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Unsupervised clustering of quantitative image phenotypes reveals XXXX subtypes with distinct prognoses and molecular pathways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 373 Background: BNC105P is a Vascular Disruption Agent (VDA) that destabilizes tubulin polymers leading to selective damage of @entity5 vasculature, @entity519 and associated @entity5 necrosis. BNC105P also has a direct anti-proliferative action on @entity5 cells. Up regulation of the @entity3470 pathway has been identified as a survival response by the @entity5 to @entity519 insult. Preclinical investigations demonstrated that BNC105P is effective at selectively damaging the vasculature in primary and metastatic lesions. Furthermore, BNC105P monotherapy compared well with @entity2240 in @entity19 bearing @entity703 . It follows that the combined use of this VDA with an agent active against @entity3470 may improve clinical outcome in @entity1 with progressive @entity1358 who are refractory to @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKI). METHODS: A phase I/II study in @entity1358 @entity1 who have received 1-2 prior TKIs was undertaken. Using a classic 3+3 design, the phase I component of this study enrolled 12 subjects at 4 dose levels of BNC105P (4.2, 8.4, 12.6 and 16 mg/m(2); IV infusion Days 1 _ 8, 21-day repeating cycle). @entity2239 was administered concurrently (10 mg p.o.). PK analysis was performed during Cycle 1. RESULTS: In the clinic the BNC105P / @entity2239 combination was well tolerated and no DLTs were observed in any of the phase I @entity1 . @entity137 deemed to be drug-related included single events of Grade 2 @entity417 , @entity882 and @entity33 . Of the 12 @entity1 enrolled to the phase I, 7 remain on treatment. The medium number of cycles is 3 (range: 1-14) and 3 @entity1 have been administered >6 cycles of treatment. The randomized phase II component of the study continues and will compare @entity2239 given in combination with BNC105P to a sequential approach ( @entity2239 followed by BNC105P). CONCLUSIONS: The MTD of BNC105P (16 mg/m(2)) can be combined with full dose @entity2239 and is being evaluated in the randomized phase II study.

title: Phase I/II study of a BNC105P/ @entity2239 regimen for progressive @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) following prior XXXX kinase inhibitors (Hoosier Oncology Group).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney tumors']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of artificial tears on the topographic parameters associated with corneal surface regularity in @entity1 with Sj  gren syndrome. METHODS: A total of 38 eyes of 20 @entity1 with Sj  gren syndrome were evaluated prospectively. The mean age of the @entity1 was 50.5 +/- 15.3 years (range, 28-76). Corneal topography with the Topographic Modeling System ( @entity33242 , Tomey) was performed before and after the instillation of artificial tears. The surface regularity index (SRI), surface asymmetry index (SAI), potential visual acuity ( @entity939 ) and mean @entity940 were compared in @entity936 before and after the instillation of artificial tears. RESULTS: Before the instillation of artificial tears SAI, SRI, @entity939 and mean antigmatism values were found to be 1.37 +/- 1.47, 0.74 +/- 0.42, 20/30.92 +/- 20/8.12 and 1.53 +/- 1.47 D, respectively. In corneal topography performed after the instillation of artificial tears SAI, SRI, @entity939 and mean @entity940 values were 0.71 +/- 0.82, 0.43 +/- 0.36, 20/25.92 +/- 20/5.55 and 1.08 +/- 1.18, respectively. When compared statistically, the SRI, SAI, and mean @entity940 all decreased significantly and the @entity939 improved (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Irregular corneal surface in @entity936 @entity1 affects optical quality. The statistically significant improvement observed in SRI and SAI values after the instillation of artificial tears also improves the @entity939 that is especially related to SRI.

title: The effect of artificial tears on corneal surface regularity in XXXX with Sj  gren syndrome.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eyes', 'dry eye']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular @entity384 ( @entity384 ) are triangular-shaped widenings less than 3   mm in diameter, which are most commonly found at the posterior communicating artery (PCoA). The aims of this systematic review are to elucidate the natural histories of @entity384 , determine their risk of progression to significant pathology, and discuss potential management options. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed was used to find all case reports and series relating to cerebral @entity384 . @entity384 were classified into three types: type I @entity384 do not exhibit morphological change over a long follow-up period, type II @entity384 evolve into @entity439 , while @entity384 are those that result in @entity510 without prior @entity439 . Data were extracted from studies that demonstrated @entity384 . RESULTS: We reviewed 16 cases of type II and seven cases of @entity384 . For type II @entity384 , 81.3% of @entity1 were female with a median age at diagnosis of 38. All type II @entity384 were located at the PCoA without a clear predilection for sidedness. Median time to @entity439 progression was 7.5   years. For @entity384 there was no clear gender preponderance and the median age at diagnosis was 51. The PCoA was involved in 85.7% of cases, with 57.1% of @entity384 occurring on the left. Most @entity1 were treated with clipping. Risk factors for @entity439 formation appear to be female gender, young age, left-sided localization, coexisting @entity439 , and @entity101 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity384 can rarely progress to @entity439 or @entity397 . Young @entity1 with @entity384 with coexisting @entity439 or @entity101 may benefit from long-term imaging surveillance.

title: Infundibular dilations of the posterior communicating arteries: pathogenesis, anatomical variants, @entity439 formation, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['type III IDs', 'type II or III IDs', 'IDs', 'infundibular dilations']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysmal progression']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 580 Background: GEP of primary @entity0 can be useful in selecting specific chemotherapy regimens based on their probabilities of response. METHODS: A neoadjuvant phase II trial for stage II-III @entity0 @entity1 was prospectively designed to test the ability of GEP to predict clinical and pathological responses. Treatment schedule consisted of 6 cycles of both G 2,500 mg/m(2) and T 150 mg/m(2) on day 1 of a 14 day-cycle before surgery. All 70 @entity1 are already recruited. Mean age 50 yr (range, 26-71), and @entity5 size: 35 mm (range; 23-100). The analysis of GEP was performed with amplified-RNA from frozen tru-cut biopsies hybridized against a Universal @entity1 Reference RNA pool. GEP analysis was performed in duplicate in 70% of the samples with a correlation coefficient of 0.95 (CNIO Oncochip is a cDNA array comprising 9,300 @entity5 -related genes: http://bioinfo.cnio.es/data/oncochip/ ). The analysis of predictor genes was performed using the Random Forests method. To validate the genes in the predictor gene set, RT PCR was applied to 10% of the genes and all analyzed samples. RESULTS: At present, 36 @entity1 had completed chemotherapy [clinical response: 13 CR, 20 PR and 3 SD] and undergone surgery [5 pCR, another 5 with microscopic foci (<1mm) and 26 non-responders]. We have analyzed the GEP and cross-validated the predictive performance for the first 28 cases. The highest error rate occurs during classification of the sensitive @entity5 : about 30 to 40% with clinical response and 35 to 55% with pathological response (considering pathological complete and microscopic foci as single class) are misclassified. However, for resistant @entity5 , we obtained a correct classification with an accuracy of 91% regarding both clinical and pathological response. Some of the predictor genes are involved in drug metabolism, DNA biosynthesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: GT is clinically effective regimen for neoadjuvant @entity0 treatment. GEP analysis is a reliable tool for pre-treatment prediction of non-responding @entity1 who could benefit from other chemotherapy regimens. [Table: see text].

title: Gene expression profiling (GEP) for the prediction of response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel and gemcitabine in XXXX ( @entity0 ). Preliminary results from a Phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors', 'BC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The experience of mental ill health is fundamentally disempowering. The processes of @entity146 hospital care and treatment may also add to the personal feeling of disempowerment. This disempowerment is partly due to the failure of others to afford a proper hearing to the @entity1 's story of his/her experiences and problems in life. Hence, there is a need to investigate @entity1 ' experiences of being mentally ill with @entity716 and being helped in a @entity146 hospital. AIM: This paper describes the application of a phenomenological method of analysis derived from Amadeo Giorgi to an investigation of @entity146 @entity1 ' experiences about being mentally ill with @entity716 and being helped in a @entity146 hospital ward in Northern Finland. METHOD: This phenomenological study was conducted with nine voluntary adult @entity1 recovering from @entity716 . In 1998, @entity1 were interviewed regarding their experiences of @entity716 and being helped. The verbatim transcripts of these interviews were analysed using Giorgi's phenomenological method. Giorgi's method of analysis aims to uncover the meaning of a phenomenon as experienced by a @entity1 through the identification of essential themes. @entity1 ' experiences of @entity716 and being helped were clustered into a specific description of situated structure and a general description of situated structure. FINDINGS: The Giorgian method of phenomenological analysis was a clear-cut process, which gave a structure to the analyses and justified the decisions made while analysing the data. A phenomenological study of this kind encourages @entity146 nurses to focus on @entity1 ' experiences. CONCLUSION: Phenomenological study and Giorgi's method of analysis are applicable while investigating @entity146 @entity1 ' experiences and give new knowledge of the experiences of @entity1 and new views of how to meet @entity1 ' needs.

title: Applying a phenomenological method of analysis derived from Giorgi to a XXXX nursing study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of @entity955 ( @entity855 ) in the conversion of @entity4710 , and its impact in reducing arrhythmic burden. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in the pacing laboratory of a district hospital of 57 consecutive @entity1 implanted with a dual chamber pacemaker, capable of performing @entity955 , between 2005 and 2010. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity855 _ON (n=24) and @entity855 _OFF (n=33). The follow-up period was 15 months, with data being collected at three follow-up consultations: the first at three months after implantation, the second at nine months and the last at 15 months. In this period, there were 12 428 @entity855 therapies of @entity4710 . RESULTS: Although there were no statistically significant differences, there was a trend in favor of the @entity855 _ON group, the increase in arrhythmic burden being less marked in this group. The mean percentage of ventricular apical pacing was also significantly lower in this group, which was associated with a marginally significant reduction in arrhythmic burden (p=0.06). There was a significant positive correlation between changes in the percentage of ventricular pacing and changes in arrhythmic burden (r=0.417, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Atrial antitachycardia pacing converted 59.7% of episodes of @entity943 , but did not significantly reduce arrhythmic burden. There was a significant positive correlation between changes in the percentage of ventricular pacing and changes in arrhythmic burden.

title: Effectiveness of @entity955 in the treatment of paroxysmal @entity955 in XXXX with pacemakers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial antitachycardia pacing']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmia episodes', 'atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of @entity1749 in the treatment of @entity706 @entity1 . METHODS: According to treatment methods, the 56 @entity706 @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: @entity3726 group (26 cases) and @entity1749 group (30 cases). The @entity1 in @entity3726 group received the @entity3726 chemotherapy regimens( @entity786 + @entity1259 + @entity1891 + @entity617 ), the @entity1 in @entity1749 group received @entity1749 based on @entity3726 . The clinical curative effect and adverse reaction between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The short-term efficacy of @entity1749 group showed significantly better than that in @entity3726 group (P < 0.05), the total efficiency in @entity1749 group (80%) was significantly higher than that in @entity3726 group (53.85%) (P < 0.05). The progression free survival of the @entity1 in the @entity1749 group was statistically longer than that in the @entity3726 group (10 months vs 6 months) (P = 0.013). There was no significant differences in the overall survival mediam survival time between these two groups (10 months vs 11 months)(P = 0.107). The occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups was no significant different (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1749 combined with @entity3726 chemotherapy can obviously prolong the progression free survival of @entity1 , and improve the total efficiency without increase of adverse reaction. The benefit to overall survival needs to further extend follow-up observation.

title: [Analysis of @entity1749 Treatment Efficacy and Adverse Reactions for XXXX with @entity706 .]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A guideline for the preparation of peripherally administered antibiotics in fluid-restricted @entity1 was developed. A maximum osmolality of 560 mOsmol/kg was selected since this corresponds to the theoretical osmolality of dextrose 5% in @entity1219 0.9%, a solution commonly administered peripherally without significant incidence of @entity3527 . Percentage concentrations corresponding to 560 mOsmol/kg of 26 intravenous antibiotics were calculated using @entity2827 equivalents. The antibiotics were reconstituted using sterile water, @entity413 5%, and @entity1219 0.9% to provide an osmolality of 560 mOsmol/kg. The resulting solutions were measured for osmolality using a freezing-point @entity308 osmometer. A total of 78 solutions were prepared and measured in triplicate. Of the 78 measured osmolalities, 67 (86 percent) were within 20 percent of the desired 560 mOsmol/kg. Only two osmolalities were more than 10 percent above the projected value. The percentage concentrations of 26 antibiotics in three solutions corresponding to 560 mOsmol/kg are presented. A method is also provided for tailoring concentrations to achieve desired osmolalities other than 560 mOsmol/kg.

title: Concentration guidelines for parenteral antibiotics in fluid-restricted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cell signaling does not apparently occur randomly over the cell surface, but it seems to be integrated very often into cholesterol-rich membrane domains, termed lipid rafts. Membrane lipid rafts are highly ordered membrane domains that are enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids and gangliosides, and behave as major modulators of membrane geometry, lateral movement of molecules, traffic and signal transduction. Because the lipid and protein composition of membrane rafts differs from that of the surrounding membrane, they provide an additional level of compartmentalization, serving as sorting platforms and hubs for signal transduction proteins. A wide number of signal transduction processes related to cell adhesion, migration, as well as to cell survival and proliferation, which play major roles in @entity5 development and progression, are dependent on lipid rafts. Despite lipid rafts harbor mainly critical survival signaling pathways, including @entity442 ( @entity442 )/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( @entity10412 )/ @entity584 signaling, recent evidence suggests that these membrane domains can also house @entity204 receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling. Recruitment of this @entity204 receptor signaling pathway in membrane rafts can be pharmacologically modulated, thus opening up the possibility to regulate cell demise with a therapeutic use. The synthetic ether phospholipid edelfosine shows a high affinity for cholesterol and accumulates in lipid rafts in a number of malignant hematological cells, leading to an efficient in  vitro and in  vivo antitumor activity by inducing translocation of @entity204 receptors and downstream signaling molecules to these membrane domains. Additional antitumor drugs have also been shown to act, at least in part, by recruiting @entity204 receptors in lipid rafts. The partition of @entity204 receptors together with downstream apoptotic signaling molecules in membrane rafts has led us to postulate the concept of a special liquid-ordered membrane platform coined as "cluster of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts" (CASMER), referring to raft platforms enriched in apoptotic molecules. CASMERs act as scaffolds for apoptosis signaling compartmentalization, facilitating and stabilizing protein-protein interactions by local assembly of cross-interacting molecules, which leads to apoptosis amplification and a decrease in apoptotic signal threshold. Edelfosine also displaced survival @entity10412 / @entity584 signaling from lipid rafts, leading to @entity584 inhibition, in @entity1073 cells. Thus, membrane rafts could act as scaffold structures where segregation of pro- from anti-apoptotic molecules could take place. In this review, we summarize our view of how reorganization of the protein composition of lipid raft membrane domains regulates cell @entity204 and therefore it might be envisaged as a novel target in the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Lipid rafts as major platforms for signaling regulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 ( @entity65 )-related @entity204 rates have been escalating in emerging economies such as India. A strategy to initiate prophylactic medical intervention by direct identification of subclinical @entity731 may be appropriate in rural populations where assessment based on traditional risk factors is not available. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the feasibility of performing rapid automated carotid ultrasound studies in a rural setting and to measure the prevalence of carotid plaques and age-specific distribution of carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) as an index of subclinical @entity731 . METHODS: Screening of the extracranial carotid system with automated B-mode ultrasound was performed along with health questionnaire assessments in 771 asymptomatic volunteers (ages 40    14 years; 626 @entity1 and 145 @entity1 ) with no known @entity65 . Measurements of @entity121 were recorded as the mean of 24 spatial measurements performed over a 1-cm region in the far wall of the common carotid artery at end diastole; the prevalence of the plaque (focal @entity121 >1.5 mm) was determined. RESULTS: A total of 69 (8.9%) subjects had @entity731 plaques. Of these, 16 (2.1%) exhibited bilateral plaques, 28 (3.6%) left carotid plaque only, and 25 (3.2%) had right carotid plaques. @entity1 even under 50 years showed a high prevalence of carotid plaques (7%), which increased with age (25% and 35% for 51 to 70 and >70 years, respectively). Only 3 (4.3%) @entity1 with plaques were former smokers. Global mean @entity121 was 0.55    0.13 mm and correlated with age for both left and right carotid arteries (r  = 0.61 and 0.60, p < 0.001 for both) in male as well as female subjects (r  = 0.70 and 0.67, p < 0.001 for both), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid community screening for subclinical @entity731 is feasible with automated carotid ultrasound examination and may be beneficial in rural communities of industrializing nations where traditional @entity65 risk factor data are not yet readily available.

title: Rapid Screening for Subclinical XXXX by Carotid Ultrasound Examination: The HAPPY (Heart Attack Prevention Program for You) Substudy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic burden', 'atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity410 are a common complication in @entity1 with primary @entity1313 or brain metastases that require treatment with @entity734 ( @entity734 ). However, because many @entity734 and chemotherapeutics share common metabolic pathways via the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes, there is potential for drug interactions. @entity3174 , @entity2049 , and @entity109 are potent enzyme-inducing @entity734 (EIAEDs) that can cause a decrease in the serum concentration of chemotherapeutics, potentially compromising antitumor activity. Likewise, chemotherapeutics can alter the pharmacokinetics of EIAEDs, resulting in decreased @entity410 control. Other agents, such as @entity1092 , are enzyme-inhibiting @entity734 that can impede the metabolism of other drugs, potentially increasing the serum concentration of chemotherapeutics. Therefore, @entity1 receiving @entity1092 with concomitant chemotherapy should be monitored closely. A new generation of @entity734 that are not metabolized by CYP isoenzymes is currently being developed. Of these, @entity2682 and levetiracetam show the most promise in treating @entity302 in @entity1 with @entity1313 . Interactions between these newer @entity734 and chemotherapeutic agents have not been reported. In summary, the potential interactions between @entity734 and chemotherapy should be anticipated and appropriate proactive adjustments implemented. Future studies will define the role of newer @entity734 in the treatment of @entity1 with primary @entity1313 .

title: Treating @entity410 in @entity1 with XXXX : Drug interactions between antiepileptic and chemotherapeutic agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: Presently, @entity1 collagen VI-related diseases such as @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) and @entity15318 ( @entity15318 ) remain incurable, emphasizing the need to unravel their etiology and improve their treatments. In @entity3986 , symptom onset occurs early, and both diseases aggravate with ageing. In @entity3392 fry, morpholinos reproduced early @entity3986 and @entity15318 symptoms but did not allow to study the late phenotype. Here, we produced the first @entity3392 line with the @entity1 mutation frequently found in collagen VI-related disorders such as @entity3986 and @entity15318 . We used a transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) to design the @entity24844 ama605003-line with a mutation within an essential splice donor site, in intron 14 of the @entity24844 gene, which provoke an in-frame skipping of exon 14 in the processed mRNA. This mutation at a splice donor site is the first example of a template-independent modification of splicing induced in @entity3392 using a targetable nuclease. This technique is readily expandable to other organisms and can be instrumental in other disease studies. Histological and ultrastructural analyzes of homozygous and heterozygous mutant fry and 3 months post-fertilization (mpf) fish revealed co-dominantly inherited abnormal myofibers with disorganized myofibrils, enlarged sarcoplasmic reticulum, altered mitochondria and misaligned sarcomeres. Locomotion analyzes showed @entity519 -response behavior in 9 mpf @entity24844 mutant unseen in 3 mpf fish. These symptoms worsened with ageing as described in @entity1 with @entity1413 . Thus, the @entity24844 ama605003-line is the first adult @entity3392 model of collagen VI-related diseases; it will be instrumental both for basic research and drug discovery assays focusing on this @entity74 .

title: A TALEN-Exon Skipping Design for a XXXX Model in @entity3392 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15318 :: ('MESH:C535436', 'Disease') :: ['BM', 'Bethlem myopathy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['UCMD', 'Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['type of disorders']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen VI deficiency']

answer: @entity15318 :: (MESH:C535436,Disease) :: ['Bethlem Myopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Longitudinal studies are an optimal approach to investigating the highly variable course and outcome associated with @entity162 , but are expensive and often have missing data. This study validates @entity1 self-reported mood ratings using a home computer-based system (ChronoRecord) with clinician mood ratings on the @entity308 (HAMD) and Young Mania Rating scale (YMRS), and investigates the @entity1 acceptance of the technology. METHODS: After brief training, outpatients with @entity162 were given the software version of an established paper based self-reporting form (ChronoSheet) to install on a home computer. Every day for 3 months, @entity1 entered mood, medications, sleep, life events, and menstrual data. Weight was entered weekly. RESULTS: Eighty of 96 (83%) @entity1 returned 8662 days of data. The mean days of data returned was 114.7 +/- 32.3 SD The mean percentage of days missing for mood data was 6.1% +/- 9.3 SD, equivalent to missing 7.3 day of the 114.7 days. Self-reported ratings were strongly correlated with clinician HAMD ratings (-0.683, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates concurrent validity between ChronoRecord and HAMD. @entity1 with @entity162 showed high acceptance of a computer-based system for self-reporting of daily data. Automation of data collection can reduce missing data and eliminate errors associated with data entry. This technology also enables on-going feedback for both @entity1 and researcher during a long-term study.

title: Using technology to improve longitudinal studies: self-reporting with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hamilton Depression Rating scale']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['ChronoRecord in bipolar disorder']


abstract: 1. Although abnormalities in pulmonary surfactant were initially implicated in the pathogenesis of the @entity649 ( @entity649 ) 30 years ago, most subsequent research has focused on mediators of the parenchymal @entity647 ( @entity647 ) and the associated increase in alveolocapillary permeability. 2. Surfactant is essential for normal breathing and the severity of @entity647 correlates with surfactant dysfunction and abnormalities in surfactant composition; however, no relationship has been shown with respiratory system compliance. In neonates and most animal models, respiratory system compliance will directly reflect the elastic properties of the lung. However, the greater vertical height of the chest wall in adults, in combination with the increase in lung density due to @entity647 , results in dependent collapse of alveoli. Because simple, global measurement of compliance is strongly influenced by the volume of aerated lung, alternative measures of respiratory mechanics may reflect surfactant dysfunction. 3. Using a dynamic, volume-dependent model of respiratory mechanics to indirectly reflect this heterogeneous inflation, we have found direct relationships with surfactant composition in @entity1 with @entity649 . A failure of surfactant to increase surface tension in large alveoli may also explain why lung overdistension occurs at relatively low pressures. Furthermore, surfactant dysfunction will exaggerate @entity358 , augmenting regional overinflation, and is essential for @entity647 secondary to repetitive opening and closing of alveoli during tidal ventilation. 4. Ventilation-induced @entity647 has also been shown to result in massive increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines within the lung. Because @entity647 itself fails to compartmentalize cytokines, with spillover into the systemic circulation resulting in distant organ dysfunction, surfactant dysfunction may have widespread implications.

title: Respiratory mechanics and surfactant in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous lung inflation']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 (N=316) with resectable @entity15004 low-lying and @entity5 were randomised to receive either preoperative 5x5Gy irradiation with subsequent surgery performed within 7 days or chemoradiation (50.4, 1.8Gy per fraction plus boluses of @entity1487 and @entity4181 ) followed by surgery after 4-6 weeks. No differences were found in sphincter preservation, survival, local control and late complications. Early complications were less frequent in the short-course group. The aim of this report is to find out whether large doses per fraction of short-course schedule result in more severe anorectal and @entity250 and quality of life (QoL) impairment. MATERIALS AND METHOD: @entity1 who were free of disease were asked to answer the QLQ-C30 and those without stoma were, additionally, asked to fill in a questionnaire of anorectal (19 items) and sexual function (1 item). RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-two @entity1 (86% response rate) completed the QLQ-C30 and 118 (86% response rate) the @entity458 . The median time from surgery to filling in the QLQ-C30 questionnaire was 12 months, and to filling in the @entity458 - 13 months. We did not find significant differences between the randomised groups regarding QoL and the anorectal and sexual functions. Approximately two-thirds of @entity1 had anorectal function impairment. Approximately 20% of @entity1 stated that this considerably influenced their QoL. CONCLUSIONS: QoL and the anorectal and sexual functioning did not differ in @entity1 receiving short-course radiotherapy, as compared to those receiving chemoradiation.

title: Quality of life, anorectal and sexual functions after preoperative radiotherapy for XXXX : report of a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mid-rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal-sexual function questionnaire']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinically symptomatic @entity2553 leading to delayed @entity51 occurs in up to 30% of @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ). @entity2553 can result in a serious decline in clinical conditions of @entity1 with @entity510 , yet the algorithm for @entity2553 treatment and prevention remains unclear. Intra-arterial administration of vasodilators is one of the modalities used for @entity2553 therapy. METHODS: Over the last 7  years, we have treated 27 female and 7 male @entity1 with @entity2553 using intra-arterial administration of either @entity3931 or @entity7604 ; all had suffered @entity1756 . Of these @entity1 , 28 were treated surgically (clip), and 6 @entity1 had their @entity439 coiled. Spasmolytics were applied from day 2 to day 18 after @entity397 . RESULTS: Of the 53 procedures, angiographic improvement was documented in 92% of cases with a mean flow velocity decrease of 65  cm/s. Brain metabolism changes were monitored after the procedure. The highest level of immediate clinical improvement was observed in conscious @entity1 with a focal @entity51 ( @entity2026 , @entity1269 ). Overall clinical outcomes (Glasgow outcome scale, GOS) were as follows: GOS 5 (12 @entity1 ), GOS 4 (5 @entity1 ), @entity12861 (5 @entity1 ), GOS 2 (6 @entity1 ), and GOS 1 (6 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Intra-arterial administration of spasmolytics is a safe and potent method of @entity2553 treatment. It is most effective when applied to conscious @entity1 with a focal deficit. For unconscious @entity1 , its therapeutic benefits are inconclusive. @entity1 in severe clinical states would further require use of other diagnostic tools such as multimodal brain monitoring to complement @entity2553 therapy.

title: Chemical angioplasty with spasmolytics for XXXX after @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: @entity1 @entity712 is characterized by distinct alterations in the intracellular homeostasis and key regulators of the sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 sequestration mechanisms. Systolic peak @entity141 is reduced, diastolic @entity141 levels are increased and diastolic @entity141 decay is prolonged. Recently specific changes in the expression, function and modulation of SR @entity141 -ATPase (SERCA) have been elucidated. As such, in a variety of studies SERCA expression appeared to be decreased in the failing @entity1 heart, although these findings have been discussed controversially depending on the studied tissue, especially with respect to the non-failing samples and regional variation in the obtained samples. However, consistent findings of a diminished @entity141 dependent SERCA activation were found. Increasing evidence has been provided that one of the underlying mechanisms for a decreased activation of SERCA is its altered regulation. With respect to this, the modulations through phospholamban and @entity141 -dependent protein kinase II ( @entity3404 ) play a detrimental role in regulating SERCA function. Phospholamban phosphorylation of SERCA at the @entity563 -16 and @entity1889 -17 site is diminished in @entity1 @entity712 resulting in decreases in the apparent affinity for @entity141 of the SR @entity141 uptake rates. In contrast, activation of @entity3404 leads to an increased maximal velocity of SR @entity141 sequestration that may enhance SR @entity141 -load. Additional regulation has been recently elucidated by changes in the apparent coupling ratio of @entity141 transported per @entity855 hydrolysed. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding how SERCA is modulated under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

title: Modulation of SERCA: implications for the failing XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Down syndrome is a condition which extra genetic material causes delays in @entity1 development, both mentally and physically. Strengthening the study of the neural defects of DS is of great significance. METHODS: @entity20213 @entity19 were used in this study. We removed the brain and isolated their hippocampus. We customized 54 genes in one PCR arrays, included some important genes related to @entity195 . The expression of genes were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: PCR arrays contained 54 genes related to @entity195 . After real-time PCR, three genes ( @entity65451 , @entity65452 ) expressed differently in the hippocampus of @entity20213 , compared with the normal @entity19 . @entity65451 was decreased significantly, while @entity65452 were increased obviously. The levels of fold-changes of @entity65451 , @entity65452 were 86.19, 4.49 and 2.89 respectively. Significantly different levels of expression were found in the @entity20213 @entity19 compared with the normal control group (P=0.00 for @entity65451 , P=0.02 for @entity15370 , P=0.01 for Mapt respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There are differential expressed genes in the hippocampus of @entity20213 @entity19 that may be closely related to @entity195 . PCR array technology was used in the screening and identification of these genes.

title: Whether @entity195 related genes also differently express in the hippocampus of XXXX @entity19 ?

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity20213 :: (21101(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ts65Dn']


abstract: AIM: The authors review their experience in the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal treatment of 5 @entity1 , finally diagnosed as primary @entity4611 but initially assumed to be @entity977 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken to review 5 cases of primary non-necrotizing @entity738 (1.61%) through 310 endoscopic transsphenoidally operated cases with the diagnosis of @entity977 between 2009 and 2013. All 5 cases were female without any background of @entity792 or recent pregnancy. The initial presumptive diagnosis was @entity977 for all @entity1 . The endocrinological diagnoses of the @entity1 were suspected @entity699 , anterior @entity4611 with @entity2753 , @entity4089 , and @entity2012 . One of the @entity1 had normal hormonal levels. All @entity1 had macroadenomas including one invasive @entity652 with skull base involvement. One of the @entity1 (20%) had @entity227 . All @entity1 underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS). RESULTS: All @entity1 had improvement of hormonal levels postoperatively except the one with anterior @entity4611 who required long term hormone replacement after the surgery. Mean follow-up duration was 14.8 months. CONCLUSION: Primary @entity738 without any known etiological factors is very rare in the literature. It can mimic @entity977 in radiological and endocrinological aspects. EETS is an effective and safe treatment especially for @entity227 .

title: Primary non-necrotizing XXXX mimicking @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and compression symptoms', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary deficiency', 'hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granulomatous hypophysitis']


abstract: The alpha1-adrenergic receptors (alpha1ARs) play an important role in mediating sympathetic neurotransmission in peripheral organ systems; however, central alpha1ARs are not well characterized. Additionally, due to the lack of sufficiently subtype-selective drugs or high avidity antibodies, the contribution of each alpha1AR subtype to various central functions is currently unclear. Transcription regulation through alpha1AR subtypes in the CNS is also unknown. Of interest, @entity19 that systemically overexpress the alpha1BAR show central symptoms that include age-progressive @entity179 and susceptibility to @entity302 . To investigate the molecular basis of this phenotype, oligonucleotide microarray studies of whole brains of various ages were carried out to compare gene expression profiles between transgenic and normal brains. The results indicated changes in expression of apoptotic, @entity460 regulatory, neurodegenerative and genes involved in neurotransmission. Defects in regulation of intracellular @entity460 are known to play a role in cell death; thus, these genes may provide clues as to the molecular basis of alpha1BAR-induced @entity179 . @entity302 is a disorder that can be caused by an imbalance between excitatory (e.g. @entity2227 ) and inhibitory (e.g. @entity1246 ) signals. Microarray analysis of transgenic brains showed increased @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors and decreased @entity8771 , which were confirmed with immunohistochemistry, western blot and radioligand binding studies. The alpha1BAR also co-localized with the glutamatergic distribution, suggesting a @entity2227 imbalance as a molecular rationale for the @entity302 .

title: Gene expression profile of @entity179 induced by alpha1B-adrenergic receptor overactivity: XXXX / @entity8771 dysregulation and apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'impaired mobility, neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic seizure', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: Endobronchial metastases of extrapulmonary @entity5 are quite rare. We present a @entity1 with endobronchial @entity3 previously operated for @entity5772 . A 71-year-old female @entity1 presented with the complaint of cough. She had a history of @entity5772 operation 2 years before. Chest x-ray revealed an air-fluid level in the lower zone of the right hemithorax. There was a big cavitary lesion in the right lower lobe and bilateral multiple nodular lesions, some of which had @entity6675 formation on computed tomography. Bronchoscopy re- vealed a polypoid lesion with @entity39 appearance and pathologic examination showed @entity957 . The lesion was accepted as a @entity3 of @entity5772 after evaluation of the materials taken from the tongue on previous operation. There was no finding suggestive of local recurrence; however, the @entity1 died from hemoptysis and @entity1576 . In conclusion, endobronchial @entity3 should be considered in @entity1 with @entity5 and bronchoscopic examination should be performed in such cases, even in the presence of atypical radiological findings.

title: @entity5772 with endobronchial XXXX : a rare case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extrapulmonary malignancies', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['tongue carcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The @entity550 ( @entity550 ) has traditionally been considered important for awareness, spatial perception, and attention. However, recent findings provide evidence that the @entity550 also encodes information important for making decisions. These findings have initiated a running argument of whether the @entity550 is critically involved in decision making. To examine this issue, we reversibly inactivated the @entity16566 ( @entity16566 ), the area of the @entity550 that is specialized for reaching movements, while two monkeys performed a memory-guided reaching or saccade task. The task included choices between two equally rewarded targets presented simultaneously in opposite visual fields. Free-choice trials were interleaved with instructed trials, in which a single cue presented in the peripheral visual field defined the reach and saccade target unequivocally. We found that @entity16566 inactivation led to a strong reduction of contralesional choices, but only for reaches. On the other hand, saccade choices were not affected by @entity16566 inactivation. Importantly, reaching and saccade movements to single instructed targets remained largely intact. These results cannot be explained as an effector-nonspecific @entity71 or awareness, since the temporary "lesion" had an impact only on reach choices. Hence, the @entity11595 is a part of a network for reach decisions and not just reach planning. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There has been an ongoing debate on whether the @entity550 ( @entity550 ) represents only spatial awareness, perception, and attention or whether it is also involved in decision making for actions. In this study we explore whether the @entity16566 ( @entity16566 ), the region of the @entity550 that is specialized for reaches, is involved in the decision process. We inactivated the @entity16566 while two monkeys performed reach and saccade choices between two targets presented simultaneously in both hemifields. We found that inactivation affected only the reach choices, while leaving saccade choices intact. These results cannot be explained as a deficit in attention, since the temporary lesion affected only the reach choices. Thus, @entity16566 is a part of a network for making reach decisions.

title: Inactivation of XXXX Affects Reaching But Not Saccade Choices in Internally Guided Decisions.

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in spatial attention']

entities_list: @entity16566 :: ('8856', 'Gene') :: ['parietal reach region', 'PRR']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['PPC', 'posterior parietal cortex']

answer: @entity16566 :: (8856,Gene) :: ['Parietal Reach Region']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Downregulated expression levels of @entity28756 ( @entity28756 ) were found in primary @entity0 and @entity14 . Previous findings indicated that miRNA-320a may involve in the @entity5 development. In this study, we explored the roles of @entity28756 by targeting @entity517 in the @entity5 growth of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of @entity28756 in 50 @entity157 tissues and four @entity157 cells. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the direct downstream target of @entity28756 in HEK-293 cells. The effect of @entity28756 on endogenous @entity517 expression was investigated by transfecting @entity28756 mimics into HepG2 and QGY-7703 cell lines. The @entity517 and @entity28756 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR in the same @entity157 tissues. Furthermore, the biological functional correlation of @entity28756 with @entity517 was determined by studying the effect of @entity28756 mimics or @entity517 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on @entity157 cell proliferation and invasion. RESULTS: The expression of @entity28756 was downregulated in 50 @entity157 tissues and 4 @entity157 cells. Luciferase assay revealed that @entity517 is a direct target of @entity28756 . IHC and Western blot analysis showed that the @entity517 expression was inhibited by @entity28756 in @entity157 tissues and cell lines. Upregulation of @entity28756 suppressed the @entity157 cell proliferation and invasion capacity induced by inhibiting @entity517 , and the results were consistent with the effects of @entity517 siRNA on @entity5 suppression. These results revealed that miRNA-320a inhibits @entity5 proliferation and invasion by targeting @entity517 in @entity157 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that @entity28756 functions as a @entity5 suppressor in @entity157 . By targeting @entity517 directly, @entity28756 inhibits the @entity157 cell growth. Our studies provide evidence of @entity28756 as a potentially target for @entity157 treatment.

title: miRNA-320a inhibits XXXX proliferation and invasion by targeting @entity517 in human @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several studies have disagreed on measurements of cardiac conduction velocity ( @entity19312 ) in @entity19 with a heterozygous knockout of the connexin gene Gja1-a mutation that reduces the gap junction (GJ) protein, @entity16899 ( @entity16899 ), by 50 %. We noted that perfusate ionic composition varied between studies and hypothesized that extracellular ionic concentration modulates @entity19312 dependence on GJs. @entity19312 was measured by optically mapping @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and heterozygous null (HZ) hearts serially perfused with solutions previously associated with no change (Solution 1) or @entity19312 slowing (Solution 2). In @entity164 hearts, @entity19312 was similar for Solutions 1 and 2. However, consistent with the hypothesis, Solution 2 in HZ hearts slowed transverse @entity19312 ( @entity19312 ) relative to Solution 1. Previously, we showed @entity19312 slowing in a manner consistent with ephaptic conduction correlated with increased perinexal inter-membrane width (W P) at GJ edges. Thus, W P was measured following perfusion with systematically adjusted [ @entity4024 ]o and [ @entity3529 ]o in Solutions 1 and 2. A wider W P was associated with reduced @entity19312 in @entity164 and HZ hearts, with the greatest effect in HZ hearts. Increasing [ @entity4024 ]o increased @entity19312 only in HZ hearts. Increasing [ @entity3529 ]o slowed @entity19312 and HZ hearts with large W P but only in HZ hearts with @entity3286 . CONCLUSION: When perinexi are wide, decreasing excitability by modulating [ @entity4024 ]o and [ @entity3529 ]o increases @entity19312 sensitivity to reduced @entity16899 . By contrast, @entity19312 is less sensitive to @entity16899 and ion composition when perinexi are narrow. These results are consistent with cardiac conduction dependence on both GJ and non-GJ (ephaptic) mechanisms.

title: Extracellular sodium and potassium levels modulate cardiac conduction in @entity19 heterozygous null for the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity19312 :: ('MESH:C536345', 'Disease') :: ['CVT in both WT', 'CVT', 'CV']

answer: @entity16899 :: (14609(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Connexin43']