abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study isolation and culture from SD @entity35 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs) and differentiate into endothelial-like cells (ELCs) with @entity23557 . METHODS: In vitro rBMMSCs were cultured with the method of percoll (1.073 g/ml) density centrifugation and adherence to plastic dishes. Then they were seeded in LG-DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The relative biologic characteristics of rBMMSCs including cell morphology, phenotype, growth curve, cell cycle and ultrastructure were studied by inverted microscope, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, @entity98 method, transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The induced cells were identified by immunocytochemistry with @entity18518 , @entity6098 , CD144( @entity18175 ), @entity2823 -UEA-1 and had ability in Dil-ac-LDL uptake and were observed under inverted microscope. RESULTS: The morphology of rBMMSCs was spindle and has whirlpool. Growth curve of P4 showed that there was difference of latency, activity and flat periods. TEM showed that there were two of rMSCs , the small of both were infantile cells. GO/G1 phase of cell cycle was 95.67% and was suggested that most of cells were not in period of proliferation. The part differentiated cells demonstrated the characters of endothelial-like cells under inverted microscope and showed the expression of @entity18518 , CD144, @entity6098 , and possed the functions of endothelial-like cells staining double-positive for Dil-Ac-LDL and FTIC-UEA-1. CONCLUSION: 1.073 g/ml percoll density centrifugation and cultured adherence is an effective approach to obtain rBMMSCs. In vitro, the cells have potential to differentiate into endothelial-like cells

title: [Isolation, culture and differentiation into endothelial-like cells from XXXX bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a new @entity35 model of chronic @entity205 nephrotoxicity and explore its features. METHODS: Totally 24 male SD @entity35 were equally randomized divided into 3 groups: sham-adrenalectomized (sham-ADX) group, ADX group and ADX plus @entity205 ( @entity870 ) group. @entity35 in ADX and @entity870 group first underwent adrenalectomy, followed by the administration of placebo or @entity619 , respectively. @entity35 in sham-ADX group received sham adrenalectomy and distilled water as control. Six weeks later, all @entity35 were sacrificed and the following indicators were evaluated: urine protein excretion, @entity1011 clearance, @entity1369 level in serum and urine, @entity1369 level and its synthase @entity19320 gene expression in kidney, serum natrium and @entity972 , urine natrium and @entity972 excretion, and tubulointerstitial @entity82 by masson trichrome stain. RESULTS: In ADX and @entity870 group, serum and urine @entity1369 were undetectable on the second post-operative day, with other observations including natriuresis, @entity2753 , decreased urine @entity972 excretion, and @entity4144 , suggesting that adrenals were removed intact and the adrenalectomy was successful. @entity35 in @entity870 group showed increased urine protein, decreased @entity1011 clearance and tubulointerstitial @entity82 , suggesting that a model of chronic @entity870 nephrotoxicity was successfully established. At the endpoint, serum @entity972 , serum @entity1369 , urine @entity972 and urine @entity1369 excretion partially retrieved. Natrium in serum and urine was not significant different between ADX group/ @entity870 group and sham-ADX group. Local renal @entity1369 and its gene expression were remarkably upregulated. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully established a new @entity35 model of chronic @entity870 nephrotoxicity by adrenalectomy without low @entity1372 diet. After adrenalectomy, local renal @entity1369 in kidney may compensate for circulatory @entity1369 deficit to maintain electrolyte balance.

title: [Establishment of a new XXXX model of chronic @entity205 nephrotoxicity].

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpotassemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Two kininogens are found in @entity1 sera: HK ( @entity13474 (low molecular weight kininogen) with the exception of the @entity35 which encompasses a third kininogen, @entity18898 (TK). Kininogens are multifunctional glycosylated molecules related to @entity464 (clan IH, family I25). They harbor three cystatin domains but only two of them are tight-binding inhibitors of @entity462 cathepsins. HK and LK, but not TK, are precursors of potent peptide hormones, the kinins, which  are released proteolytically by tissue and plasma kallikreins. Besides these classical features novel functions of kininogens have been recently discovered; they are described in the second part of this review. HKa, which corresponds to the kinin-free two-chain HK and its isolated domain D5 (kininostatin), possesses angiostatic and pro-apoptotic properties, inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells and participates in the regulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, some HK-derived peptides display potent and broad-spectrum microbicidal properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and thus may offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy. Of seminal interest, a kininogen-derived peptide inhibits activation of the contact phase system of coagulation and protects @entity19 with invasive @entity4195 infection from @entity358 . On the other hand, TK is a biomarker of  aging at the end of lifespan of elderly @entity35 . However, although TK has been initially identified as an acute phase reactant, and earlier known as alpha-l-acute phase globulin, the increase of TK in liver and plasma is not known to relate to any inflammatory event during the senescence process.

title: Kininogens: More than XXXX protease inhibitors and kinin precursors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity18898 :: ('MESH:D007704', 'Chemical') :: ['T-Kininogen']

entities_list: @entity464 :: ('MESH:D055333', 'Chemical') :: ['cystatins']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity13474 :: ('3827', 'Gene') :: ['high molecular weight kininogen) and LK']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: With advancement of medical services in developed countries and awareness among the @entity1 , it is rare to find an adult with an unoperated @entity3384 . However, the scenario is totally different in developing countries. Working as a part of a team in developing country, where co-coordinated team work is primitive, resources to provide treatment are very thin, public awareness of availability of treatment for this @entity154 is minimal, the age of @entity1 reaching for primary treatment varies from few days to late forties. Though the aim and aspiration is to provide holistic multidisciplinary care, the priority is getting treatment for all cleft @entity1 . In such situation, the management of @entity3384 demands changes of approach, techniques and philosophy. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The deformed anatomy especially the facial bones and dentition is described. Due to well established deformities, the approach for management is individualized. The procedures and modification of procedures has been described. Results and Outcome: The outcome of the primary repair is adults certainly have less than satisfactory outcome for obvious reasons. The expected outcome and expectation of @entity1 and families following primary surgeries in @entity3384 has been discussed. Though all adult @entity1 got some improvement in speech after palate repair, achieving normal speech was difficult. The naso-labial appearance was not perfect, but well accepted by the @entity1 and families. There are many psychosocial problems in these @entity1 , the objective evaluation could not be done due to too many variables. However, primary repair of @entity3384 is justified and beneficial for the @entity1 .

title: Management of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip and palate']


abstract: In 1995 the International Agency for Research on @entity5 (IARC) completed a study that involved nuclear workers from facilities in the USA, UK and Canada. The only significant, though weak, dose-related associations found were for @entity1778 and @entity1582 . The results for the Canadian cohort, which comprised workers from the facilities of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL), were compatible with those for the other national cohorts. In 2005, IARC completed a further study, involving nuclear workers from 15 countries, including Canada. In these results, the dose-related risk for @entity1778 was not significant but the prominent finding was a statistically significant excess relative risk per sievert (ERR Sv(-1)) for 'all @entity5 excluding @entity1778 '. Surprisingly, the risk ascribed to the Canadian cohort for all @entity5 excluding @entity1778 , driven by the AECL sub-cohort, was significantly higher than the risk estimate for the 15-country cohort as a whole. We have attempted to identify why the results for the AECL cohort were so discrepant and had such a remarkable influence on the 15-country risk estimate. When considering the issues associated with data on the AECL cohorts and their handling, we noted a striking feature: a major change in outcome of studies that involved Canadian nuclear workers occurred concomitantly with the shift to when data from the National Dose Registry (NDR) of Canada were used directly rather than data from records at AECL. We concluded that an important contributor to the considerable upward shift in apparent risk in the 15-country and other Canadian studies that have been based on the NDR probably relates to pre-1971 data and, in particular, the absence from the NDR of the @entity1 -years of workers who had zero doses in the calendar years 1956 to 1970. Our recommendation was for there to be a comprehensive evaluation of the risks from radiation in nuclear industry workers in Canada, organisation by organisation, in which some of the anomalies that we have identified might be addressed.

title: Incomplete data on the Canadian cohort may have affected the results of the study by the International Agency for Research on @entity5 on the radiogenic XXXX risk among nuclear industry workers in 15 countries.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain long-term photographic follow-up of @entity2479 in @entity1 with @entity2916 to learn about their stability or possible growth patterns. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity2916 and in whom @entity2479 were photographed before 1986 at the Mayo Clinic underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, and fundus photographs were taken. The new photographs were compared with previous photographs, and changes in size, character, or number of @entity2479 were determined. The minimum follow-up period was five years. RESULTS: A total of 37 astrocytic @entity4607 were found. Follow-up ranged from almost six years to more than 34 years, with an average of 16 years. @entity4607 in three @entity1 showed progressive or new @entity730 . In a fourth @entity1 a retinal @entity4607 appeared to originate from a site that had been previously photographically documented to be normal. The remaining @entity4607 appeared unchanged over the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Although most @entity989 in @entity2916 remain stable, some become calcified over time. Additionally, new lesions may develop from previously normal-appearing retina.

title: Long-term observation of @entity989 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hamartomas', 'retinal astrocytic hamartomas']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas', 'hamartoma', 'Hamartomas']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cell activity was measured by a 51Cr-release assay using K562 target cells in 12 @entity1398 @entity1 . NK cell activity was @entity308 in four @entity1 who had childhood chronic @entity1398 with abnormal neutrophil morphology and chemotaxis. The percentage of lysis at a 40:1 effector-target ratio was 28.4% to 42.1% (P less than .001) of the normal lymphocyte value during the study period (32 to 40 months). NK cell activity was normal in the other eight @entity1 with chronic @entity1398 without any of these neutrophil abnormalities: lazy leukocyte syndrome, @entity8190 , or @entity2015 type I with neutrophil defects. NK cell activity of the four @entity1 was @entity308 at 5:1 to 40:1 effector-target ratios. The NK cells responded to in vitro interferon (IFN)-alpha and @entity1199 , as did normal lymphocytes, but the activated levels were still lower than those of normal lymphocytes (P less than .01). Because NK cells kill a target through recognition, binding, killing, and @entity1713 , and they repeat this lytic sequence (ie, recycling), the localization of the NK cell defect was further analyzed in the four @entity1 using both 51Cr-release and single cell-in-agarose assays. The @entity1 ' NK cells were normal in recognizing, binding, and killing a target but were defective in recycling; the estimated maximum recycling capacity (MRC) values in a four-hour assay were 1.8 to 2.4 (P less than .01), as compared with the normal lymphocyte value of 5.5 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SD). The stimulation of the effector cells with 1,000 U/mL @entity3027 did not significantly increase the estimated MRC. These results demonstrate that NK cells are defective in recycling in some type of childhood chronic @entity1398 with abnormal neutrophil morphology and chemotaxis. The NK cell deficiency is of clinical interest in terms of its relationship to the recurrent infections, development of @entity5 , and @entity74 .

title: Impaired natural killer cell recycling in childhood chronic XXXX with morphological abnormalities and defective chemotaxis of neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['detaching']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity8190 :: ('MESH:C537330', 'Disease') :: ['Shwachman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dysgranulopoiesis in the disorder']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['dysgammaglobulinemia']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of prospective studies evaluating the natural history of @entity694 ( @entity13198 ). We performed such a study to evaluate the clinical presentation, outcome, and mortality as well as clinical variables associated with poor prognosis. METHODS: An open, prospective, and multicentre study was conducted in 24 Spanish hospitals serving a population of 3.5 million @entity1 . The study included only @entity1 who met criteria for definitive or probable @entity13198 . A website (www.colitisisquemica.org) provided logistical support. RESULTS: A total of 364 @entity1 met criteria for inclusion. @entity13198 was suspected clinically in only 24.2% of cases. The distribution of clinical patterns was as follows: reversible colopathy (26.1%), transient @entity1960 (43.7%), @entity1960 (9.9%), fulminant pancolitis (2.5%), and @entity1960 (17.9%). A total of 47 @entity1 (12.9%) had an unfavorable outcome as defined by mortality and/or the need for surgery. Multivariate analysis identified the following signs as independent risk factors for an unfavorable outcome: @entity490 without @entity548 [odds ratio (OR) 3.9; 95% @entity13198 ( @entity13198 ) = 1.6-9.3], @entity294 (OR 10; 95% @entity13198 = 3.7-27.4), and peritoneal signs (OR 7.3; 95% @entity13198 = 2.7-19.6). Unfavorable outcomes also were more frequent in isolated right colon ischaemia (IRCI) compared with non-IRCI (40.9 vs. 10.3%, respectively; p < 0.0001). The overall mortality rate was 7.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation of @entity13198 is very heterogeneous, perhaps explaining why clinical suspicion of this disease is so low. The presence of IRCI, and occurrence of peritoneal signs or onset of @entity13198 as severe @entity490 without @entity548 , should alert the physician to a potentially unfavorable course.

title: Clinical patterns and outcomes of @entity1960 : results of the Working Group for the Study of XXXX in Spain (CIE study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['non-bloody diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['chronic segmental colitis', 'colitis', 'gangrenous colitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity13198 :: ('OMIM:610141', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'confidence interval']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic ischaemia']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['Ischaemic Colitis']


abstract: Non-resolved chronic @entity1151 is a frequent cause of @entity120 . In long-standing disease @entity101 is progressive due to intimal and medial changes in the perfused vessels. Non-resolution of thromboemboli is often associated with underlying @entity1003 ; the presence of a @entity4555 may pose a significant problem in the peri-operative management of these @entity1 . Pulmonary thrombendarterectomy presents an efficient option of treatment which is feasible in the majority of @entity1 . By means of pulmonary angiography and computed tomography operability is verified by the often difficult recognition of @entity1031 changes in the central pulmonary arteries. @entity1 with solely peripheral @entity1031 changes or primary @entity120 must be excluded. In presence of significant exertional @entity1353 and/or pulmonary pressure elevation surgery is indicated. Mortality is high and mainly related to unrelieved @entity120 or @entity358 ; pulmonary reperfusion @entity4 , @entity1576 or @entity55 and @entity295 . In all survivors the reduction of @entity120 is highly significant and persistent. @entity1031 @entity120 may be treated curatively in most @entity1 by thrombendarterectomy. Correct selection of surgical candidates is mandatory, and the @entity1 should preferably be diagnosed and undergo surgery in an early stage of their disease.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX -induced @entity120 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathies']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8302 ( @entity8302 ) are regarded as the pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal tract. There are some well-designed studies investigating the structure and function of @entity8302 subsequent to experimentally induced @entity1321 . However, it remains unclear whether reduction of number of @entity8302 primarily leads to mechanical obstruction of the bowel such as seen in @entity8593 . We aimed to investigate the number of @entity8302 in proximal and distal parts of the @entity1146 of @entity1 with small bowel @entity1146 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 (13 male and 8 female; median age, 3 days; median gestation age, 38 weeks) with jejunal or @entity4628 underwent primary repair between 2001 and 2009. The demographic data were reviewed. The specimen of the distal and proximal parts of the atretic segments was investigated according to presence and number of @entity8302 in the myenteric plexus using immunohistochemical methods. The jejunum segments of 14 newborns who died from causes other than @entity29 were examined as a control. Scoring and count systems were developed for the evaluation of @entity8302 . A continuous layer of CD-117 immunoreactive Cajal cells around the myenteric plexus was scored as 3, whereas discontinuous and diminished Cajal cells were scored as 2. Few and sparse Cajal cells around the myenteric ganglia and in the muscle layer were scored as 1. If there was no Cajal cell at all, it was scored as zero. In addition, the number of @entity8302 per field was counted. The scores and the numbers of @entity8302 per field were compared in @entity1 with small bowel @entity1146 and control group. RESULTS: All @entity1 but one survived. One @entity1 was lost because of @entity154 . The median score of control subjects was 3 (range, 1-3). Both the proximal and distal segments of the atretic bowel had a median score of 1 in @entity1 with @entity1146 . Twenty @entity1 ' score of proximal (95%) and 19 @entity1 ' score of distal bowel segment (90%) had an @entity8302 score of 2 or less. Only 1 control subject (7%) had an @entity8302 score of less than 2. Results were statistically significant in controls and @entity1 . The mean number of @entity8302 in the control group was 5.36 +/- 2.36; in distal segments of @entity1 with @entity1146 , it was 1.03 +/- 1.4; and in proximal segments, it was 0.82 +/- 1.56. The difference between the control group and the @entity1 was statistically significant (P < .05). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated a remarkable decrease of @entity8302 in small bowel wall of @entity1 with @entity8593 ; but we could not show whether the reduction of @entity8302 is a primary event, which also participates in the pathogenesis of @entity8593 , or whether the mechanical obstruction caused by any unknown etiology (eg, @entity63 ) leads to decrease in number of @entity8302 .

title: Alterations of Cajal cells in @entity1 with small bowel XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal atresia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'Interstitial cells of Cajal']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstructions']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['atresias', 'atresia']

entities_list: @entity8593 :: ('MESH:D007409', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal atresia']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: AIM: To assess the predictive validity at 4  years of the Movement Assessment Battery for @entity1 - Second Edition ( @entity18109 ) for @entity73 at 8  years in @entity1 born preterm. We also aimed to determine if sex, cognition, medical, or social risks were associated with @entity73 at 8  years or with a change in @entity18109 score between 4 years and 8  years. METHOD: Ninety-six @entity1 born at less than 30  weeks' gestation were assessed with the @entity18109 at 4 years and 8  years of age. @entity73 was defined as less than or equal to the 5th centile. The Differential Ability Scales - Second Edition (DAS-II) was used to measure General Conceptual Ability (GCA) at 4  years, with a score <90 defined as 'below average'. RESULTS: There was a strong association between the @entity18109 total standard scores at 4  years and 8  years (59% variance explained, regression coefficient=0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.91, p<0.001). The @entity18109 at 4  years had high sensitivity (79%) and specificity (93%) for predicting @entity73 at 8  years. Below average cognition and higher medical risk were associated with increased odds of @entity73 at 8  years (odds ratio [OR]=15.3, 95% CI 4.19-55.8, p<0.001, and OR=3.77, 95% CI 1.28-11.1, p=0.016 respectively). Sex and social risk did not appear to be associated with @entity73 at 8  years. There was little evidence that any variables were related to change in @entity18109 score between 4 years and 8  years. INTERPRETATION: The @entity18109 at 4  years is predictive of motor functioning in middle childhood. Below average cognition and higher medical risk may be predictors of @entity73 .

title: Predictive value of the Movement Assessment Battery for @entity1 - Second Edition at 4  years, for XXXX at 8  years in @entity1 born preterm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment', 'Motor impairment']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['motor impairment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To investigate the extent to which enteric @entity577 ( @entity578 ) emissions from growing @entity742 are explained by simple body weight and diet characteristics, a 2 * 2 Latin square changeover design experiment was carried out using two @entity742 breeds and two fresh pasture types. Weaned @entity742 of two contrasting breed types were used: Welsh Mountain (WM, a small, hardy hill breed) and Welsh Mule * Texel (TexX, prime lamb) (n = 8 per breed). The @entity742 were zero-grazed on material cut from recently reseeded @entity5369 and extensively managed permanent pasture. In each experimental period, individual ad libitum dry matter intake (DMI) was determined indoors following an adaptation period of 2 weeks, and @entity578 emissions were measured individually in open-circuit respiration chambers over a period of 3 days. Although total daily @entity578 emissions were lower for the WM @entity742 than for the TexX @entity742 (13  3 v. 15  7 g/day, respectively) when offered fresh forage, the yield of @entity578 per unit DMI was similar for the two breed types (16  4 v. 17  7 g @entity578 /kg DMI). Total output of @entity578 per day was higher when @entity742 were offered ryegrass compared with permanent pasture (16  1 v. 12  9 g/day, respectively), which was probably driven by differences in DMI (986 v. 732 g/day). @entity577 emissions per unit DMI (16  4 v. 17  7 g @entity578 /kg DMI) and proportion of gross energy intake excreted as @entity578 (0  052 v. 0  056 MJ/MJ) were both higher on the permanent pasture. No forage * breed type interactions were identified. The results indicate that forage type had a greater impact than breed type on @entity578 emissions from growing weaned @entity742 . It can be concluded that when calculating @entity578 emissions for inventory purposes, it is more important to know what forages growing @entity742 are consuming than to know what breeds they are.

title: Effect of breed and pasture type on XXXX emissions from weaned @entity742 offered fresh forage.

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane', 'Methane']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['perennial ryegrass']

answer: @entity577 :: (MESH:D008697,Chemical) :: ['methane']


abstract: Herein we provide evidence for the coexpression of two distinct @entity4770 (PGI(2)) receptors (IP) on BEAS-2B @entity1 airway epithelial cells. IP receptor heterogeneity initially was suggested by the finding that the rank orders of potency of PGI(2) and three structurally similar analogs [ @entity14516 , iloprost, @entity17016 (15-deoxy-TIC)] for the inhibition of chemokine ( @entity373 and @entity371 ) release and for transcriptional activation/augmentation of @entity268 response element and glucocorticoid response element luciferase reporters were distinct. Indeed, PGI(2), @entity14516 , and iloprost activated both reporters whereas 15-deoxy-TIC was inert. Conversely, 15-deoxy-TIC, PGI(2), and @entity14516 (but not iloprost) suppressed chemokine release. Further experiments established that iloprost did not antagonize the inhibitory effect @entity14516 or 15-deoxy-TIC on chemokine output. Likewise, 15-deoxy-TIC failed to antagonize @entity14516 - and iloprost-induced reporter transactivation. Thus, iloprost- and 15-deoxy-TIC-induced responses were apparently mediated via pharmacologically distinct receptors. In @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing the @entity1 recombinant IP receptor receptor, 15-deoxy-TIC was considerably less potent (>10,000-fold) than iloprost and @entity14516 in promoting @entity268 accumulation, yet in BEAS-2B cells, these analogs were equipotent. IP receptor heterogeneity was also supported by the finding that the affinity of the IP receptor antagonist R-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-benzofuran-2-yl-methoxycarbonyl-amino] @entity6137 ( @entity14517 ) for the receptor mediating inhibition of chemokine release was approximately 10-fold lower than for the receptor mediating both transcriptional outputs. Finally, small interfering RNAs directed against the IP receptor gene, @entity14518 , failed to block the suppression of chemokine output induced by @entity14516 and @entity17016 , whereas @entity14516 - and iloprost-induced transcriptional responses were markedly attenuated. Collectively, these results indicate that PGI(2), @entity14516 and 15-deoxy-TIC suppress chemokine release from BEAS-2B cells by interacting with a novel IP receptor that we denote here as the "IP(2)" subtype.

title: Evidence for a second receptor for prostacyclin on XXXX airway epithelial cells that mediates inhibition of @entity373 and @entity371 release.

entities_list: @entity14516 :: ('MESH:C039188', 'Chemical') :: ['taprostene']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity17016 :: ('MESH:C401841', 'Chemical') :: ['15-deoxy-TIC', '15-deoxy-16-(m-tolyl)-17,18,19,20-tetranorisocarbacyclin']

entities_list: @entity6137 :: ('MESH:C029658', 'Chemical') :: ['propionic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Enflurance, at clinical concentrations, decreases the contractility of isolated intact cardiac muscle. The authors investigated the intracellular mechanism(s) of this @entity308 by examining the @entity141 activation of the contractile proteins and @entity141 uptake and release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) using functionally skinned fibers from right ventricular papillary muscle of @entity95 . This preparation permits control of intracellular ionic composition (pH 7.0, 20 C). The [ @entity141 ]-- @entity2701 relationship and @entity5834 -induced @entity2701 transient (as a measure of the amount of @entity141 release) were analyzed. @entity4488 significantly but only slightly depressed the maximum @entity141 -activated @entity2701 (10 per cent decrease at 5 per cent @entity4488 ) and did not change the [ @entity141 ] required for half-maximal activation of the fibers. In contrast, @entity4488 markedly inhibited the @entity141 uptake by the SR (30-85 per cent decrease at 2.5-7.5 per cent @entity4488 ). The inhibition was dose-dependent. @entity141 release from the SR with 25 mM @entity5834 was not changed at low concentrations of @entity4488 (1-5 per cent), but was decreased at high concentration (25 per cent decrease at 7.5 per cent @entity4488 ). @entity4488 (1-7.5 per cent), however, increased (13-44 per cent) the submaximum @entity5834 (2 mM)-induced @entity141 release from the SR, and the effect was not dose-dependent. The aforementioned effects were reversible. These results are similar to those previously reported for @entity1508 . It is concluded that @entity4488 may induce @entity296 mainly by inhibiting @entity141 uptake by the SR.

title: Effects of XXXX on functionally skinned myocardial fibers from @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial depression']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['Enflurane', 'enflurane']

answer: @entity4488 :: (MESH:D004737,Chemical) :: ['enflurane']


abstract: @entity16 , @entity85 , and declining function characterize @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The evidence suggests @entity75 is the predominant @entity73 . Structural changes of joints are evaluated by imaging methods. Plain joint radiographs remain the best method for determining the extent and nature of structural changes at present. Newer technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging may eventually replace them. Clinical studies of antirheumatic drugs involving the assessment of prevention or significant decrease in the rate of progression of @entity75 in @entity309 should meet several standards. All @entity1 who enter a study, whether they continue medication or not, must be assessed on its completion. Studies require sufficient power to determine realistic differences due to therapy. They should last long enough for a reliable analysis of the effects of @entity16 ; 1 year would be the minimal period for such a study, and 2 years would be preferable. Evaluation should concentrate on @entity2681 and related structural changes in juxtaarticular bone; mapping @entity3604 in @entity66 may be a sensitive and objective measure. Assessments ought to use changes within the hands and wrists to indicate overall progression, with the feet included in evaluating @entity66 . There should be different therapeutic aims at various stages of @entity309 , focussing on preventing new @entity2681 developing in @entity66 (< 2 years from diagnosis), preventing new @entity2681 occurring in @entity66 (2-5 years from diagnosis), reducing the rate @entity2681 develop in @entity66 (< 5 years from diagnosis), and reducing the rate of joint @entity66 (> 5 years from diagnosis).

title: DC-ART: preventing or significantly decreasing the rate of progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic areas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease', 'destruction in late disease', 'established disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural joint damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cause of functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive joint damage', 'joint damage']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['increasing deformity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['structural joint damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity12472 ( @entity10664 ) on function of peritoneal macrophages in vitro, and to provide data for its immunotoxicity evaluation. METHODS: The @entity19 peritoneal macrophages were isolated from @entity19 . After treated with @entity10664 at different doses, cells viability was detected by @entity98 assay, and phagocytosis was evaluated by neutral red absorption. NO and @entity637 release were detected with @entity1507 reductase method and ELISA method, respectively. ROS was measured by @entity21184 and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The IC50 values of the peritoneal macrophages for the @entity98 assay were (887.4    1.11), (360.2    1.13) and (270.6    1.20)  mol/L after 24, 48 and 72 h. While for the NR absorption were (214.2    1.14), (120.0    1.10) and (42.60    1.12)  mol/L. After dosed for 24 h and 72 h, the NO release of low dose groups were higher than those of the controls, while the NO release of high dose groups showed a downward trend when compared with the control's. After treatment for 72 h, the @entity637 secretion of low dose groups (0.01, 0.1  mol/L) were significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.05), and @entity637 secretion in the other groups were lower when compared with that of the control (P < 0.05). After exposure for 24 h or 72 h, the ROS release was promoted in both 0.01 and 1  mol/L @entity10664 groups (P < 0.05), however, the ROS release were lowered in the 100  mol/L @entity10664 group. CONCLUSION: @entity10664 can affect the cells viability and phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages. Meanwhile the @entity637 secretion, NO release as well as ROS release are disturbed in peritoneal macrophages exposed to @entity10664 .

title: [Effects of XXXX on function of @entity19 peritoneal macrophages in vitro].

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity12472 :: (MESH:D001280,Chemical) :: ['atrazine']


abstract: This study set out to determine whether there is white matter involvement in essential @entity400 (ET), the most common @entity717 . We collected diffusion MRI and analysed differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) between ET @entity1 and control subjects as markers of white matter integrity. We used both classical ROI-based statistics and whole-brain analysis techniques, including voxel-wise analysis with SPM5 and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Using region of interest (ROI) analysis, we found increased @entity1893 bilaterally in the @entity76 ( @entity76 ) and reduced FA in the right-sided @entity76 of ET @entity1 . Whole-brain analyses with TBSS detected increased @entity1893 distributed in both motor and nonmotor white matter fibers of ET @entity1 predominantly in the left parietal white matter, while there were no significant FA differences in these areas between ET @entity1 and controls. Voxel-wise analysis with SPM detected significant increase of @entity1893 congruent with the highest probability of difference as detected by TBSS. VBM analysis of T1 images did not detect significant differences in either gray or white matter density between our study groups. In summary, we found evidence for changes in white matter MRI properties in ET. The circumscript pathology of the @entity76 corroborates the pathogenetic concept of the cerebellum and its projections as key structures for @entity400 generation in ET. Moreover, increased diffusivity in white matter structures of both hemispheres suggests widespread alterations of fiber integrity in motor and nonmotor networks in ET @entity1 . The underlying cause of the DTI changes observed remains to be elucidated.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter involvement in essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar peduncles', 'ICP']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: This study describes a @entity1 with lateral medullary @entity63 (LMI) presenting with persistent @entity11637 followed by vertigo with horizontal @entity346 ( @entity346 ) and discusses pertinent pathophysiology. A 65-year-old @entity1 presented with persistent @entity11637 and disabling spells of vertigo, lasting 30 seconds that became much more frequent and associated with lateropulsion to the right. A strong left beating @entity346 was evident. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, and intra-arterial cerebral digital subtracted angiography showed subacute @entity2806 in the right lateral medulla and ipsilateral @entity76 , and two tight stenoses of the V1 and V4 segments of the right vertebral artery. @entity1 was treated by intravenous heparin and oral @entity1397 . After 48 hours, @entity11637 disappeared. One month later, vertigo spells were less frequent but still disabling. Endovascular stenting of the right @entity9085 was then performed. In the subsequent four years, the @entity1 had no further episodes of @entity11637 or vertigo. Less intense @entity346 persisted. @entity11637 followed by vertigo, lateropulsion, and @entity346 had been the clinical presentation of LMI and @entity63 , without other major neurologic or ocular motor findings. This unusual clinical variant of LMI could mimic a more benign labyrinthine lesion, and possibly leading to a dangerously delayed treatment.

title: Lateral medullary XXXX presenting with persistent @entity11637 and vertigo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity11637 :: ('MESH:D006606', 'Disease') :: ['hiccups', 'Hiccups']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar hemisphere']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['HSN', 'head-shaking-induced contralesional nystagmus']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Chronic inflammatory @entity603 is characterized by both lymphocytic infiltrates and persistent polymorph exudates. Activated polymorphs release reactive @entity26 species (ROS) during @entity32 , but the contribution that these make to the lymphocyte abnormalities associated with @entity309 has been little studied. We therefore investigated the cytotoxic effects of the reactive @entity26 species on @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC were exposed to RPMI 1640 medium previously irradiated for up to 60 min. Consistent dose-dependent killing was observed at 24 h. Antioxidant studies indicated that @entity274 was the effective species. @entity2196 , which specifically degrades @entity274 , gave almost total protection against cell death, while @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity8542 , and @entity2656 were largely ineffective. Addition of exogenous @entity274 caused an identical pattern of cell death to that observed with irradiated medium. PBMC cultures supplemented with @entity5532 (a ferric @entity68 chelator) also gave significant protection, suggesting that @entity274 mediated its effects via @entity2145 radicals. Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations showed that ROS caused a selective depletion, depending on the level of @entity274 present. Low levels induced a specific loss of @entity405 + cells, while higher concentrations caused significant loss of @entity404 + T cells as well. sIg+ B cells were unaffected at either concentration. This selective lymphotoxic effect of ROS may be of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of @entity792 .

title: Reactive XXXX species selectively deplete normal T lymphocytes via a hydroxyl radical dependent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity8542 :: ('MESH:D013890', 'Chemical') :: ['thiourea']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity460 handling is critical for the oocyte function, since the first steps of fertilization are dependent on the appropriate @entity141 mobilization to originate transient spikes of the cytosolic @entity141 concentration. It is well known that the @entity141 influx from the extracellular milieu is required to maintain this signaling in @entity1 oocytes. However, the regulation of the @entity141 channels involved in this process is still unknown in oocytes. @entity17831 , a key regulator of store-operated @entity141 entry (SOCE), relocates in the @entity19 oocyte shortly after sperm stimulation, suggesting that SOCE is involved in the maintenance of cytosolic @entity141 -spiking in the fertilized oocyte. Here, we show that there is an up-regulation of the expression of @entity17831 at the germinal vesicle breakdown stage, and this expression remains steady during following maturation stages. We found that oocytes express @entity17832 , a store-operated @entity141 channel, and that @entity17832 expression level was stable during oocyte maturation. Immature oocytes showed no @entity141 entry and no increase in @entity17831 - @entity17832 colocalization in response to the store depletion induced by @entity2426 . On the contrary, in mature oocytes, @entity17831 - @entity17832 colocalization is enhanced 3-fold by depletion of @entity141 stores, enabling the activation of store-operated @entity460 channels and therefore @entity141 entry. Finally, the correlation between SOCE activation during the maturation of oocytes and @entity17831 - @entity17832 colocalization strongly suggests that @entity17832 is involved in the @entity141 entry pathway in the mature oocyte. SOCE up-regulation in the final stage of maturation is further evidence of a major role for SOCE in fully mature oocytes, and therefore in @entity141 signaling at fertilization.

title: @entity460 signaling in @entity19 oocyte maturation: the roles of @entity17831 , XXXX and SOCE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity17832 :: (109305(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ORAI1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the current situation regarding the epidemic of @entity16488 (CCAC) in relation to the exposure in utero to @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ). DESIGN: Descriptive. METHODS: @entity1 with CCAC of the uterine cervix or vagina born after 1946 and diagnosed in the period 1969-2005, were identified through the Nationwide network and registry of histo- and cytopathology in the Netherlands and from 2003 onwards through the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Exposure data and clinical data were obtained by means of questionnaires and medical records. The histology slides of @entity5 were reviewed. For the @entity1 who did not provide consent, only the date of diagnosis and age at diagnosis were known (n = 10). RESULTS: Up to 2005, 144 CCAC @entity1 were registered. Age at diagnosis varied from 8-54 years (mean: 28 years). In the years 1981-2000, the number of new diagnoses in 4 successive 5-year periods was fairly stable (n=26-30) but it was considerably lower in 2001-2005 (n=13). Of the @entity1 whose history of intrauterine exposure to @entity4743 was known, 62% had been exposed (76/122). The mean age at diagnosis was 24 years for exposed @entity1 compared to 32 years for non-exposed @entity1 . The 10-year survival rate was 78% (95% CI: 68-87) for exposed and 69% (95% CI: 56-82) for non-exposed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Since 2000, the incidence of CCAC of the vagina and cervix has decreased markedly compared to the situation in the 1980s and 1990 s. In particular, the number of @entity1 with CCAC exposed in utero to @entity4743 has decreased. Whether this decrease shall continue over the coming years remains to be seen.

title: [Vaginal and cervical @entity5 due to @entity4742 ( XXXX ); end epidemic].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16488 :: ('MESH:D018262', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity4743 :: (CHEBI:37628,Chemical) :: ['DES']


abstract: @entity272 induced by exposure of three strains of female hairless @entity19 to the light emitted by uncovered @entity10021 quartz lamps were subjected to histopathological analysis. We examined 170 representative specimens out of a total of 597 @entity272 , i.e. 38 out of 74 SKH-1 @entity19 , 110 out of 472 @entity3571 @entity19 , and 42 out of 51 C3H @entity19 . The results provided evidence of various types of alterations, including preneoplastic changes, such as @entity1373 , and @entity5 , such as @entity1185 , as well as @entity5 with an increasing degree of @entity5 , i.e., @entity5 , @entity5 , @entity189 in situ, and squamocellular @entity189 . SKH-1 was the most sensitive strain to the far-ultraviolet wavelengths delivered by @entity10021 lamps, as shown not only by the shortest latency time and the highest multiplicity of @entity272 but also by the highest frequency of @entity5 . Some areas of atypical melanocyte proliferation were only detected in C3H pigmented @entity19 . Eighty-two of the lesions excised from @entity3571 @entity19 were additionally examined for @entity899 protein by immunohistochemical methods. Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections and frozen sections were analyzed in parallel by using polyclonal CM-1 antibody and monoclonal PAb240 antibody, respectively. A positive response for @entity899 was only observed in squamocellular @entity189 , and was related to the size of @entity5 ; in fact, six out of 10 @entity5 of 10-30 mm in diameter were positive, whereas all 16 @entity5 of 2-9 mm in diameter were negative. All six positive squamocellular @entity189 were detected by using the CM-1 antibody, which recognizes both wild-type and mutant forms of @entity899 protein, and five of them were also positive with the PAb 240 antibody, which only recognizes the mutant form. Thus, @entity899 mutation appears to be a late event in the development of @entity10021 -induced @entity1489 in hairless @entity19 , requiring a severe degree of @entity5 and an advanced stage of the neoplastic mass growth.

title: Detection of XXXX and histopathological classification of @entity1489 induced by @entity10021 lamps in hairless @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'appendage/basal tumours', 'benign tumours', 'keratoacanthoma-like tumours', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['actinic keratoses/carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumours']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity899 :: (22060(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: The majority of @entity1 @entity281 with the intestinal protozoan parasite @entity2330 remain asymptomatic. In a small proportion of @entity281 , however, @entity2330 trophozoites penetrate the intestinal mucosa and disseminate to other organs, most commonly to the liver, where they induce @entity733 formation. It is believed that the ability of @entity2330 trophozoites to destroy host tissues and to survive within the liver is accomplished by a strong adaptive response, which requires the specific regulation of a number of amoeba proteins. Using differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR), we compared RNA expression between @entity2330 trophozoites isolated from liver abscesses of infected gerbils and those grown under normal culture conditions. A total of 3000 cDNA-derived amplicons were compared between the two groups of amoebae, which were calculated to represent about one-third of all @entity2330 mRNA species (transcriptome). Among these, 55 were found to be specifically present or absent in @entity733 -derived amoebae, of which 42 were successfully cloned and sequenced. Database searches and Northern blot analyses revealed that the 42 amplicons correspond to 29 independent @entity2330 genes, of which at least seven are specifically upregulated and five are downregulated in @entity733 -derived amoebae. Specific expression of most of these genes was not simply the result of a @entity1457 response, which might be expected during @entity733 formation, as only five of the genes revealed an expression profile similar to that found in amoebae cultured under elevated temperatures. The two genes specifically downregulated in @entity733 -derived amoebae encode members of a family of so far unknown proteins, which contain repetitive stretches of sequences that are rich in @entity376 and @entity367 residues. In contrast, a diverse set of genes is specifically upregulated, encoding ribosomal proteins (S30, @entity18418 ), cyclophilin, ferredoxin 2 and GTP-binding protein RAB7D, supporting the notion that @entity5572 formation requires the regulation and concerted action of a variety of amoeba proteins. These proteins are associated with stress response, signal transduction, regulation of transcription and vesicular trafficking. However, transcriptome analysis will not be sufficient to identify all proteins specifically upregulated during @entity733 formation, as at least an increase in the expression of actin was found to be regulated at the post-transcriptional level.

title: Differential gene expression in @entity2330 isolated from amoebic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity18418 :: ('p|SUB|L|37|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L37A']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica', 'Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity5572 :: (MESH:D008100,Disease) :: ['liver abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Outcomes from the World Health Organization's (WHO's) recommendations for the diagnosis of smear-negative @entity378 (SNTB) in high @entity1 @entity465 virus prevalence settings are unknown. METHODS: We retrospectively applied the WHO algorithm for SNTB without danger signs to a prospectively enrolled cohort of ambulatory adult SNTB suspects in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. @entity1 fulfilling specified criteria for SNTB started empiric anti- @entity378 treatment; the rest of the cohort was observed. All were followed for 8 weeks. Confirmed @entity1906 was defined as positive culture or granulomata plus acid-fast bacilli on histology. RESULTS: In total, 221 @entity1 retrospectively fulfilled the WHO ambulatory SNTB algorithm entry criteria. The diagnostic performance of the WHO algorithm was: positive predictive value 0.34 (95%CI 0.26-0.43), negative predictive value 0.86 (95%CI 0.76-0.92), positive likelihood ratio 1.43 (95%CI 1.34-1.48), negative likelihood ratio 0.46 (95%CI 0.38-0.56) and diagnostic odds 3.1 (95%CI 1.52-6.34). Losses to follow-up (n = 4), hospitalisations (n = 6) and @entity204 (n = 5) did not differ significantly in those who were and were not diagnosed with SNTB. CONCLUSIONS: The WHO ambulatory SNTB algorithm had a reasonably high negative predictive value but low positive predictive value. Mortality over an 8-week period was low in @entity1 who met the entry criteria for the WHO algorithm.

title: Evaluation of the World Health Organization algorithm for the diagnosis of HIV-associated sputum smear-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: The radiographic manifestations of thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis are unilateral or bilateral, smooth, sharply delineated, often lobulated paraspinal masses without erosion of the vertebral bodies or ribs, sometimes associated with subpleural, paracostal masses. These radiographic findings were encountered in eight adult @entity1 with homozygous @entity3458 . In one @entity1 , the masses encompassed essentially the entire thoracic paravertebral area bilaterally. In the other seven @entity1 , the masses were unilateral and limited to the region of the eighth to the 12th thoracic vertebrae. Two of the eight @entity1 had lateral subpleural masses that were not contiguous with the paraspinal masses and that were located medial to the lateral portions of the ribs. Follow-up in seven of the cases ranged from 2 to 15 years and demonstrated, after relatively rapid growth initially, either no change in size or slow growth. Each @entity1 was asymptomatic with regard to the thoracic masses. Histologic verification was not available in any case because of the lack of clinical indication for invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. The presence of well-defined unilateral or bilateral paraspinal masses and/or paracostal masses in @entity1 with homozygous @entity3458 and without related symptoms should alert one to the possibility of the presence of extramedullary hematopoiesis. These masses tend to be slow-growing and should not be subjected to aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic measures.

title: Thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle-cell disease']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle-cell disease']


abstract: The role of chromosomal alterations, as opposed to gene mutations, in the origin of early stages of the in vitro transformation of @entity329 embryo (SHE) cells was investigated. For that purpose we compared the rates at which SHE cells recover from potential tumorigenic, mutagenic, clastogenic and cytotoxic damage if they are held in confluence in low serum medium for 3 or 6 days following a single treatment of @entity330 ( @entity331 ) before the cells are allowed to divide and to express this damage. The results show: (i) that frequencies of gene mutations remain constant; (ii) frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and @entity137 decrease with very similar kinetics; and (iii) frequencies of chromatid aberrations and micronuclei decrease rapidly in the first 3 days, but slowly or not at all between days 3 and 6. Thus, all the mutational damage and a small fraction of the @entity16 still persist after 6 days confluent holding. From the two early stages of in vitro transformation studied, morphological transformation and enhanced fibrinolytic activity, the former shows similar kinetic behaviour as chromatid aberrations and micronuclei, whereas the kinetics of the latter correspond with those of gene mutations. Neither is correlated to SCE or @entity137 . Our results suggest that chromosomal alterations can play a major role in induction of morphological transformation of SHE cells. Insofar as enhanced fibrinolytic activity is due to a @entity74 , gene mutations can be responsible. Our observations further indicate that different types of ENU-induced DNA lesions are involved in gene mutations, SCE and @entity137 , and @entity16 . We have reported the results of experiments analysing these relationships in another paper.

title: Genetic and molecular mechanisms of the in vitro transformation of XXXX embryo cells by the carcinogen @entity330 . I. Correlation of morphological transformation and enhanced fibrinolytic activity to gene mutation, chromosomal alterations and lethality.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['clastogenic damage']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic change']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamster']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that disruption or damage to the seminiferous tubules by radiation, antiandrogen, @entity904 deficiency or experimental cryptorchidism causes Leydig cell @entity1184 and @entity1373 , suggesting that Sertoli cells secrete a mitogenic factor(s) that stimulates Leydig cell proliferation. To study the possible paracrine regulation of Leydig cell proliferation by Sertoli cells, highly purified Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were co-cultured in a two-chambered co-culture system. Our results revealed that co-culture of immature @entity35 Sertoli cells with Leydig cells stimulated Leydig cell DNA synthesis by 19-fold, increased cell number by about 3.9-fold and increased the labeling index from 0.5% to 15.8%. In addition to these changes, co-culture reduced Leydig cell testosterone formation and @entity7813 levels, and dramatically altered the morphology of Leydig cells. The addition of concentrates from Sertoli cell conditioned medium (SCCM) mimicked these biological effects. The Leydig cell mitogenic activity in SCCM was trypsin sensitive and inactivated by boiling for 2 h, suggesting that it is a protein. However, it was resistant to acid and @entity3902 . The molecular weight of this putative factor(s) is above 10 kDa. The responsiveness of Leydig cells to this mitogenic protein(s) decreased with age, whereas the secretion of this protein(s) by Sertoli cells in culture did not change with age. The addition of 10 ng/ml of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) dramatically decreased the mitogenic activity in SCCM, indicating that the secretion of this mitogenic factor(s) is inhibited by FSH. This paracrine factor(s) may be as yet an unidentified testicular growth factor(s) because it differs in molecular weight, stability and other characteristics from all previously reported Sertoli cell-produced or expressed growth factors.

title: A Sertoli cell-secreted paracrine factor(s) stimulates proliferation and inhibits steroidogenesis of XXXX Leydig cells.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity7813 :: ('25477(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity24467 involves @entity156 , including cardiac @entity600 and @entity717 . Most authors recommend routine radiological evaluation, with laparotomy and Ladd procedure if a @entity717 is found. AIMS: To determine if routine radiological screening is necessary, and if there is a group of @entity1 that can safely be managed expectantly. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all @entity1 with @entity24467 from 1968 to 2002. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 177 @entity1 . Twenty five (14%) had neonatal @entity344 (feeding intolerance, @entity391 ). Eleven of these had gastrointestinal contrast studies, of which seven were abnormal and led to surgery. Of the 152 asymptomatic neonates, nine had radiological screening and six of these were abnormal. Only one was thought to have a narrow based mesentery, but did not undergo surgery due to @entity299 . There were no intestinal complications on follow up in this group. The other 143 asymptomatic @entity1 did not undergo radiological screening and were closely followed. Four subsequently developed @entity344 and had contrast studies; only one of these had @entity1518 and underwent a Ladd procedure. Of the remaining 139 @entity1 who remained asymptomatic, 60 (43%) died of @entity299 and none developed intestinal symptoms or complications related to @entity1518 on follow up. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity24467 have a low risk of adverse outcome related to @entity717 . Routine screening may not be necessary as long as close follow up is done, and prompt investigation is performed for those that develop gastrointestinal symptomatology.

title: XXXX : the role of screening for @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple anomalies']

entities_list: @entity24467 :: ('MESH:C538116', 'Disease') :: ['Heterotaxia syndrome', 'heterotaxia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1518 :: ('MESH:C562835', 'Disease') :: ['malrotation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotation abnormality', 'intestinal rotation abnormalities']

answer: @entity24467 :: (MESH:C538116,Disease) :: ['Heterotaxia syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity370 is a disease of unknown etiology. Little is known of predictive factors of @entity82 . It was suggested that @entity2289 , @entity11261 , @entity2533 , @entity7 , @entity687 , @entity310 influence this process. AIMS: To assess airway inflammatory and @entity82 markers in EBC in @entity370 and the effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and bronchial mucosa membrane biopsy on their production in the airways. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 11 @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ; mean age 40 +/- 9 yrs, mean +/- SD) with @entity370 stage I-III. @entity2289 (ng/ml), @entity11261 (ng/ml), @entity2533 (pg/ml), @entity7 (pg/ml), @entity687 (pg/ml), @entity310 (pg/ml) levels were measured in BALF and EBC collected before and 48 hours after FOB. RESULTS: No significant changes in EBC levels of @entity7 , @entity2289 , @entity2533 , @entity310 (respectively: 8.02 +/- 4.97 pg/ml; 1.1 +/- 1.2 ng/ml; 2909.7 +/- 206.6 pg/ml; 10.7 +/- 19.9 pg/ml) after FOB were observed when compared to baseline. In contrast, @entity687 concentration in EBC (pg/ml) decreased after FOB (0.073 +/- 0.13 v. 0.061 +/- 0.1, p = 0.006) and was significantly lower than in BALF (BALF 0.95 +/- 0.62, p < 0.05). Also, mean level of @entity7 was higher in BALF than in EBC both pre- and post- FOB (BALF 66.38 +/- 36.95, EBC pre-FOB 6.75 +/- 3.67 and EBC post-FOB 8.02 +/- 4.97). Significant relationship between @entity310 in post-FOB EBC and BALF was also shown (b = 0.63, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: FOB does not significantly affect levels of @entity32 and @entity82 markers present in EBC before and after FOB; they were also comparable to the concentrations marked by BALF. The lack of correlation between markers levels in EBC and BALF indicates that these methods are not equivalent. Due to repeatibility, and less invasive, simple method of EBC test it seems reasonable to continue the research on the larger number of @entity1 .

title: [Markers of XXXX and @entity32 in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of @entity1 with pulmonary sarcoidosis -- a pilot study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Long-term follow-up studies were conducted on massively obese @entity101 subjects during and after a successful @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ) in order to correlate blood pressure changes with caloric intake and body weight. The blood pressures in 43 subjects were compared during rapid @entity353 and at identical weights during post-fast @entity1017 (Study A). Blood pressures and body weights in 50 subjects were compared prior to starting @entity4053 and prior to restarting the program 21 months later (Study B). One hundred twenty-five compliant subjects were observed after one month of weight maintenance (Study C-1), and 39 subjects were followed during six months of weight maintenance (Study C-2). In Study A, during subsequent @entity1017 on an unrestricted diet blood pressure was significantly higher than at identical weight during continuous @entity353 on @entity4053 . However, this @entity101 was only approximately 30 percent of the original decrease. In Study B, @entity353 and blood pressure reduction were significantly correlated. After one month of weight maintenance following continuous @entity353 of 73 lb, there was no @entity101 (Study C-1). A small but significant @entity101 after six months (Study C-2) was associated with similar small weight increment. However, all blood pressures remained well within the normotensive range and significantly lower than control values. In this study, long-term changes in blood pressure correlated with changes in body weight.

title: Obesity and XXXX : long-term effects of weight reduction on blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['protein supplemented fast', 'PSMF']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Pichia anomala inhibits the growth of @entity18202 roqueforti and @entity54 candidus on agar. In this investigation, antagonistic activity on agar against 17 mold species was determined. The abilities of Pichia anomala, @entity18203 , and @entity375 to inhibit the growth of the mold @entity18202 roqueforti in nonsterile high-moisture @entity3505 were compared by adding 10(3) @entity18202 roqueforti spores and different amounts of @entity375 cells per gram of @entity3505 . Inoculated grain was packed in glass tubes, incubated at 25 degrees C with a restricted air supply, and the numbers of @entity375 and mold CFU were determined on selective media after 7 and 14 days. Pichia anomala reduced growth on agar plates for all of the mold species tested in a dose-dependent manner. @entity54 and Eurotium amstelodami were the most sensitive, while @entity18202 italicum and @entity18202 were the most resistant. Pichia anomala had the strongest antagonistic activity in @entity3505 , with 10(5) and 10(6) CFU/g completely inhibiting the growth of @entity18202 roqueforti. Inhibition was least pronounced at the optimum temperature (21 degrees C) and water activity (0.95) for the growth of @entity18202 roqueforti. @entity18203 slightly reduced the growth of @entity18202 roqueforti in @entity3505 inoculated with 10(5) and 10(6) @entity375 CFU/g. @entity375 inhibited mold growth only weakly at the highest inoculum level. Pichia anomala grew from 10(3) to 10(7) CFU/g of @entity3505 in 1 week. To reach the same level, @entity18203 had to be inoculated at 10(4) CFU while @entity375 required an inoculum of 10(5) CFU to reach 10(7) CFU/g of @entity3505 .

title: Biocontrol of mold growth in high-moisture @entity3505 stored under airtight conditions by Pichia anomala, @entity18203 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18203 :: ('4929', 'Species') :: ['Pichia guilliermondii']

entities_list: @entity18202 :: ('36651', 'Species') :: ['Penicillium digitatum', 'Penicillium']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to compare clinical and BAL features of @entity1 with @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) with those of @entity1 with @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) and control subjects. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study reports on 14 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity3616 . Diagnosis was made upon histology. Lung function tests were mostly normal. Chest X-ray and CT showed always a patchy consolidation, often associated with ground glass pattern. BAL was performed for cytology and for ELISA assessment of several cytokines ( @entity687 , ILI0, IL12, gamma-interferon, @entity8923 , @entity2842 ). RESULTS: Cytology of BAL in @entity3616 showed a pattern of @entity3794 (Lymphocytes: 0.36 x 10(6)/ml) associated with an increase in neutrophil and eosinophil counts (0.13 and 0.04 x 10(6)/ml respectively). Mean BALf levels in pg/ml of @entity2842 , IL12 and @entity8923 were significantly increased in @entity3616 with respect to controls and @entity2416 @entity1 , while in @entity2416 @entity1 only a significant increase of @entity687 , @entity2842 and @entity8923 with respect to controls was detected. In addition, BALf levels of @entity688 , an anti-inflammatory cytokine, were significantly higher in @entity3616 @entity1 with respect to controls and @entity2416 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with a marked degree of macrophage and lymphocyte activation in @entity3616 with an expansion of T helper-1 response. The concomitant increase of @entity688 could be related to a limitation of the inflammatory process and the fibrotic evolution typical of this clinical picture.

title: Cytokine profile of broncho-alveolar lavage in XXXX and @entity2416 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['BOOP', 'bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['UIP', 'usual interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1']

answer: @entity3616 :: (MESH:D018549,Disease) :: ['BOOP']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes recent knowledge on the role of receptor @entity669 kinases, particularly @entity14190 -producing hepatocyte kinases (Ephs), in T-cell function and development. RECENT FINDINGS: @entity14190 -producing hepatocyte kinase function and signaling in the immune system have been recently investigated. Cross-linking some Ephs results in T-cell costimulation and reduces the response threshold of T-cell receptor activation. In vivo, T-cell-mediated responses are compromised in @entity23469 -/- @entity19 . Some Ephs are shown to control T-cell migration and adhesion, as well as the integrity of lymphoid organ structure. SUMMARY: Ephs are the largest family of receptor @entity669 kinases. Some Ephs are expressed in the lymphoid organs. Ephrins, ligands of Ephs, are also cell surface molecules. Cross-linking of certain Ephs facilitates T-cell activation and proliferation. Under physiologic conditions, such cross-linking by ephrins likely occurs in lymphoid organs, where ephrins on T cells interact with ephrins on the surface of neighboring fraternal T cells or antigen-presenting cells; this may explain why T-cell responses are more effectively initiated in the lymphoid organs. Certain Ephs are also critical for lymphocyte adhesion and migration and for proper lymphoid organ structure. Ephs and ephrins are highly redundant and their interactions promiscuous, suggesting pivotal roles of these molecules in biology. Conversely, such redundancy represents a major challenge to further dissection of the function of individual Ephs. Multiple tissue-specific gene null mutations on Ephs or ephrins will likely reveal more interesting immune-related phenotypes.

title: Recent advances on T-cell regulation by receptor XXXX kinases.

entities_list: @entity14190 :: ('13856(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Erythropoietin', 'erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: The @entity10461 -100 system (Dade International Inc., Miami, FL) is a platelet function analyzer, the design of which is based on the technology of the Thrombostat 4000 VDG, Seeon, Germany. It was developed to measure primary, platelet dependent hemostasis in citrated whole blood in vitro. A first pilot study was conducted with the instrument to assess performance characteristics. Healthy subjects (normals) who had not ingested any medications, and @entity1 (abnormals) with primary, platelet-related @entity154 , which included users of @entity117 , were studied with two test cartridges; collagen/ @entity857 and collagen/epinephrine. Before the study certain variables were tested that ascertained that blood drawn into either 3.8% or 3.2% @entity4958 containing vacutainers (rather than syringes) could be used for testing. Tests must be performed within a five-hour time span from drawing to testing, and blood must be kept at room temperature. Normal reference values were 77-133 seconds closure times for collagen/ @entity857 and 98-185 seconds for collagen/epinephrine. Precision testing revealed a CV of < 10% for within-day and between-day (five days) analyses on collagen/ @entity857 cartridges and a CV of 5-14% for both runs on the collagen/epinephrine cartridges. No clinically important differences were found between measurements in the two positions of the instrument, although one follows the other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Preliminary data from a field trial of the XXXX -100 system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hemostasis defects']

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

answer: @entity10461 :: (CHEBI:60594,Chemical) :: ['PFA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with endopelvic causes for @entity614 and @entity13549 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary referral advanced laparoscopic gynecology and neuropelveologic unit. @entity1 (S): Two hundred thirteen @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic management of @entity614 ( @entity13549 , pudendal, @entity158 ) of unknown genesis in the period between November 2004 and February 2010. INTERVENTION(S): Selective, clinically oriented, laparoscopic exploration of the sacral plexus with nerve decompression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Complication rates and the short-term cure at 6-month follow-up with use of the Visual Analogue Scale. RESULT(S): Laparoscopic exploration showed isolated @entity1930 in 27 @entity1 , deeply infiltrating parametric @entity46 with sacral plexus infiltration in 148 @entity1 , @entity455 in 37 @entity1 , and @entity751 in one @entity1 . A reduction in mean    SEM) Visual Analogue Scale score of @entity1 @entity158 from 7.7 (   1.16; range 6-10) before surgery to 2.6 (   1.77; range 0-6) at 6-month follow-up was obtained for @entity46 and from 6.6 (   1.43; range 5-9) to 1.5 (   1.27; range 0-4) for @entity455 . CONCLUSION(S): In @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 , preoperative anamnesis and examination should include evaluation of symptoms of @entity614 (pudendal, @entity158 ) and sciatic neuralgia. In @entity1 with @entity614 or @entity13549 of unknown genesis, suspicion of endopelvic pathology such as @entity455 must be raised, and laparoscopic exploration of the @entity1930 is then advisable.

title: Laparoscopic therapy for @entity46 and XXXX of sacral plexus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['sacral plexus vascular entrapment', 'endometriosis or vascular entrapment', 'vascular entrapment']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['sacral plexus endometriosis', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['pyriformis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['gluteal pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['sacral radiculopathies', 'sacral radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis of the sciatic nerve', 'sacral plexus and/or sciatic nerve']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular entrapment']


abstract: @entity310 ( @entity7790 ), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, is a potent mitogen for several cell types. To investigate the possible role of @entity7790 in the development of midgestation @entity1 fetal lung, we studied its distribution with immunohistochemistry and determined levels of steady-state @entity7790 mRNA by Northern analysis of cellular RNA isolates from lung. Lung was obtained from fetuses at 10 to 22 wk of gestation (n = 14) and immunostained for @entity7790 . @entity7790 was localized in epithelial cells at all gestational ages examined. Immunostaining was particularly prominent in bronchiolar epithelial cells. @entity7790 immunoreactivity was also associated with arterial smooth muscle cells, as well as with nerves. Occasional chondrocytes were also associated with @entity7790 immunoreactivity. Total cellular RNA was isolated from lung tissue obtained from additional fetuses at gestational ages 10 to 24 wk (n = 22). @entity7790 mRNA was present in RNA extracts of all fetal lungs studied. We conclude that @entity7790 is probably produced in @entity1 fetal lung during mid-gestation. The prominent immunostaining of bronchiolar epithelial cells for @entity7790 is consistent with its playing a role in distal airway formation.

title: Expression of XXXX in mid-gestation @entity1 fetal lung.

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-alpha']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']


abstract: AIMS: The complete blood count (CBC) and basic metabolic profile are common, low-cost blood tests, which have previously been used to create and validate the Intermountain Risk Score (IMRS) for mortality prediction. Mortality is the most definitive clinical endpoint, but medical care is more easily applied to modify morbidity and thereby prevent death. This study tested whether IMRS is associated with clinical morbidity endpoints. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 seen for coronary angiography (n = 3927) were evaluated using a design similar to a genome-wide association study. The Bonferroni correction for 102 tests required a P-value of  <= 4.9   10       for significance. A second set of angiography @entity1 (n = 10 413) was used to validate significant findings from the first @entity1 sample. In the first @entity1 sample, IMRS predicted @entity712 ( @entity712 ) (P(trend) = 1.6   10(-26)), @entity301 (P(trend) = 2.6   10(-11)), @entity583 ( @entity583 ) (P(trend) = 3.1   10(-25)), @entity955 (P(trend) = 2.5   10(-20)), and @entity1030 (P(trend) = 4.7   10      ). Even more, IMRS predicted @entity712 readmission [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.29/category, P(trend) = 1.2   10      ), incident @entity712 (HR = 1.88/category, P(trend) = 0.02), and incident @entity583 (HR = 1.56/category, P(trend) = 4.7   10      ). These findings were verified in the second @entity1 sample. CONCLUSION: Intermountain Risk Score, a predictor of mortality, was associated with morbidity endpoints that often lead to mortality. Further research is required to fully characterize its clinical utility, but its low-cost CBC and basic metabolic profile composition may make it ideal for initial risk estimation and prevention of morbidity and mortality. An IMRS web calculator is freely available at http://intermountainhealthcare.org/IMRS.

title: The Intermountain Risk Score (including the red cell distribution width) predicts XXXX and other morbidity endpoints.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a standardized @entity1042 extract of Quassia amara L. (Family: Simaroubaceae) in @entity4571 - @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . @entity2175 was induced by @entity3839 in @entity35 pre-treated with @entity4571 . @entity6 @entity35 were treated with oral doses of Quassia amara extract (QaE; 100 and 200   mg/kg) or @entity5217 (10   mg/kg; as standard). QaE and @entity5217 were administered as a suspension in 0.3% @entity5070 cellulose for 14   days. Control animals received an equal volume of vehicle. Blood samples were collected by retro-orbital puncture on day 14, 1   h after last treatment. Plasma @entity413 , insulin and lipid parameters (total @entity165 , LDL-C, HDL-C and @entity1674 ) were measured using commercially available biochemical kits. The oral @entity413 tolerance test was performed to evaluate the effect of the extract on peripheral @entity413 utilization in normal @entity35 . Both doses of QaE significantly (p   <   0.01) reduced elevated fasting blood @entity413 levels in @entity6 @entity35 . In the oral @entity413 tolerance test, QaE treatment significantly increased (p   <   0.05) the @entity413 tolerance compared with the vehicle. QaE and @entity5217 , effectively normalized @entity2299 associated with @entity3839 -induced @entity6 . The findings of the present study indicate that Quassia amara extract may be potentially valuable in the treatment of @entity6 and associated @entity2299 .

title: Antidiabetic activity of standardized extract of Quassia amara in @entity4571 - @entity3839 -induced XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy methyl']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: AIM: To study retrospectively all newborns admitted between 1992 and 1998 in our Neonatology Unit with @entity410 before 30 days of life. @entity1 AND METHODS: 77 @entity1 , 63.6% male, with an average gestational age of 36.42 weeks, and an average birth weight of 2,653 g. Apgar score at five minutes was below 4 in 4 newborns. RESULTS: In 35 @entity1 the first @entity410 occurred in the first 48 hours of life, 7 @entity1 showed @entity159 . There was a single type of @entity410 in 49 newborns (65.3%), specially tonic and clonic (multifocal and focal). Head ultrasound was abnormal in 33 newborn, CT scan and/or MRI abnormal in 24, EEG was pathologic in 55. @entity109 was the initial treatment in 81.8%, half of them required a therapeutical change. 34 @entity1 (55.7%) still received treatment at hospital discharge. The etiology was @entity519 ischaemic @entity75 (39%), though less important than in previous studies, @entity932 (13%), central @entity3002 (9%), among other. 16 @entity1 died, 35 showed an abnormal outcome (45.4%): cognitive delay in 24, @entity302 in 19, @entity4681 in 12. CONCLUSION: The worst outcome was found in @entity600 , @entity693 , @entity932 , @entity209 and @entity519 ischaemic @entity75 , while the best in @entity4053 and in benign @entity410 .

title: [Neonatal XXXX , our experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsion', 'idiopathic neonatal seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages', 'intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['nervous system malformations']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine whether small intestine transplantation could be considered as an alternative treatment in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity5277 . The potential nutritional consequence of orthotopic small intestine transplantation was evaluated in a @entity35 model. Young Lewis strain @entity35 (weighing 250 to 275 g) were used. Lewis @entity35 with resection of 90% of the small intestine were studied as short bowel group (group I, n = 5). In the transplant group @entity35 , 90% of the original small intestine was transplanted orthotopically using microvascular techniques (group II, n = 5). During the study period of 8 weeks, group II gained weight at rates equal to that of normal age matched @entity35 (+30% of the preoperative weight), whereas @entity35 with short bowel (group I) lost 10% of their weight. Two weeks following transplantation, serum albumin levels were maintained in the normal range in group II. However, group I @entity35 showed decreased albumin levels. Serum @entity165 levels showed no significant difference between the two groups. @entity7969 absorption was evaluated as a functional test of small intestinal graft absorption (1.0 mg/g body weight of @entity7969 was orally administered, and serum @entity413 levels were measured). The @entity413 level at 45 minutes was significantly blunted in group I in comparison with group II. The data from this study suggested that small intestine transplantation can produce adequate nutritional support to sustain growth and development in this @entity35 model. It would be anticipated that small intestine transplantation in @entity1 with @entity5277 would also benefit nutritionally.

title: Small intestine transplantation: a logical solution for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7969 :: ('MESH:D008320', 'Chemical') :: ['Maltose', 'maltose']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity5277 :: (MESH:D012778,Disease) :: ['short bowel syndrome']


abstract: Several cases of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb-induced @entity99 have been reported worldwide. @entity16465 is an active ingredient of P. multiflorum Thunb. that has been thought to play a role in its hepatotoxicity. Here we report the case of a 34-year-old Korean @entity1 who had P. multiflorum Thunb-induced @entity99 and reactivation of @entity1907 caused by @entity236 , which developed simultaneously. He was admitted to our hospital with recently developed @entity1295 and aggravated @entity1087 . He was a previously healthy @entity1 except for the sequelae of @entity1907 seen on chest X-ray. He had a 30-day history of ingesting the root of P. multiflorum as a form of liquor and tea. The @entity1 was diagnosed with P. multiflorum Thunb-induced @entity99 after excluding all other potential causes of acute @entity99 . Liver function gradually improved following the total cessation of the consumption of the material. However, he suffered from spiking @entity221 with progressive @entity3043 during the hospital stay. A bone marrow biopsy showed markedly @entity236 , suggesting transient @entity236 , which was probably caused by extrinsic factors such as drugs, toxins, and @entity1800 . Although he began to complain of a dry cough, repeated sputum investigations revealed positive acid-fast bacillus staining. The @entity221 subsided and @entity3043 improved after treatment for @entity1907 . These observations suggest that P. multiflorum Thunb induces both @entity236 and hepatotoxicity.

title: Reactivation of XXXX in a @entity1 with Polygonum multiflorum Thunb-Induced @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity16465 :: ('CHEBI:40448', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthraquinone']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['hypocellular marrow', 'bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Tuberculosis']


abstract: We have observed many @entity1 treated with @entity1955 who have elevated serum @entity1955 (T4) levels but appear clinically euthyroid. Such @entity1 generally have normal serum @entity1954 (T3) values. A retrospective review at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, comparing the correlation of T3 and T4 values in @entity1955 -treated @entity1 with that in @entity1 not so treated was carried out from 1977 to 1979. Mean free thyroxine index (FTI) value in 104 @entity1955 -treated @entity1 was 4.70 +/- 0.2 and mean T3 value was 177 +/- 9 ng/dL. In a group of 50 @entity1378 @entity1 , mean FTI value was 7.26. +/- 0.5, with a mean T3 value of 389 +/- 26 ng/dL. In 71 euthyroid @entity1 , mean FTI value was 2.36 +/- 0.1, with a T3 value of 137 +/- 3 ng/dL. Computed ratios of T3 to FTI and T3 to T4 were significantly lower in the group treated with @entity1955 than in either the @entity1378 or euthyroid nontreated groups. @entity1955 -treated @entity1 with high T4 levels but normal T3 levels were clinically euthyroid. @entity1 not treated with @entity1955 with similarly elevated T4 levels had elevated T3 levels and were clinically @entity1378 . It is concluded that lower relative T3 levels in @entity1955 -treated @entity1 may explain why these @entity1 appear clinically euthyroid despite elevated T4 values. Serum T3 determination is the procedure of choice for evaluation of @entity1955 -treated individuals. Furthermore, an elevated FTI value in such an individual does not, in itself, dictate need to reduce dosage.

title: Chemical @entity1378 : serum @entity1954 levels in clinically euthyroid individuals treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'levothyroxine', 'Levothyroxine', 'levothyroxine sodium']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['levothyroxine']