abstract: An analysis is made in this paper of therapeutic results obtained at Charit   Berlin from 14 cases of pure @entity3142 and 6 cases of combined stress-urge @entity322 , with reference being made to general benefits and setbacks of transurethral Teflon injection to cope with female @entity322 . Five @entity1 underwent teflon therapy as the first operation performed on them. Seven @entity1 had had one operation before and the rest more than one. Continence was restored in 6 @entity1 (30 per cent), and 3 @entity1 (15 per cent) were improved. The presurgical situation was of minor influence. The definite result was outlined as early as three months from surgery. Urodynamically, Teflon had a favourable impact primarily on functional urethral length and on the stress quotient. However, elevation of the bladder base was radiographically detectable in less numerous cases. Only partial agreement was found to exist between objectivated improvement and subjectively perceived and reported therapeutic results, with falsely positive and falsely negative findings occurring with equal frequency. @entity1163 was insubstantially impaired by Teflon. However, it should be adopted as a matter of principle that in future teflon should no longer be applied to @entity1 for @entity322 unless conservative therapy or other surgical @entity322 techniques must be skipped for whatever reasons and unless no more effective sphincter substitute is available.

title: [Is Teflon treatment of female XXXX still justified?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['Micturition']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been proven to have noticeable @entity137 in vitro and antiviral activity against some types of enveloped viruses. This paper presents the @entity137 and antiviral activity of pure AgNPs synthesized by the electrochemical method, towards cell culture and @entity9925 (a non-enveloped virus). Prepared AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X- @entity16039 spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Before incubation with @entity9925 , different concentrations of AgNPs were added to @entity1 @entity980 ( @entity980 ) cell monolayers seeded in 96 well plates for testing their @entity137 . The in vitro @entity137 and anti-poliovirus activity of AgNPs were daily assessed for cytopathic effect (CPE) through inverted light microscopy. CPE in the tested wells was determined in comparison with those in wells of negative and positive control. Structure analysis showed that AgNPs were formed with a quasi-spherical shape with mean size about 7.1nm and high purity. No CPE of @entity980 cells was seen in wells at the time point of 48h post-incubation with AgNPs at concentration up to 100ppm. The anti-poliovirus activity of AgNPs was determined at 3.13ppm corresponding to the viral concentration of 1TCID50 (Tissue Culture Infective Dose) after 30min, and 10TCID50 after 60min, the cell viability was found up to 98% at 48h post-infection, with no CPE found. Whereas, a strong CPE of @entity980 cells was found at 48h post-infection with the mixture of AgNPs and @entity9925 at concentration of 100TCID50, and in wells of positive controls. With mentioned advantages, electrochemical-synthesized AgNPs are promising candidate for advanced biomedical and disinfection applications.

title: @entity137 and antiviral activity of electrochemical - synthesized @entity575 nanoparticles against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma', 'RD']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: Antipsychotic medications are associated with an increased risk of @entity6 . Previous studies have also found an increased risk of @entity6 in the relatives of @entity161 probands. The aim of this study was to explore the metabolic adverse effects of @entity1037 in a cohort of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity716 and minimal or no exposure to antipsychotics. @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity716 (n = 30) were enrolled in a 16-week open trial of @entity1037 . Body mass index, fasting @entity413 , @entity650 , and a fasting lipid profile were measured at baseline and at 4-week intervals. There was a significant, linear increase over time in fasting @entity413 (P = 0.043), weight (P < 0.001), body mass index (P < 0.001), total @entity165 (P = 0.005), @entity1674 (P = 0.003), and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.013), but not hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.691), fasting insulin (P = 0.690), @entity650 (P = 0.877), or high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.446). An abnormal baseline @entity650 was a significant predictor of a greater increase in both total @entity165 (P < 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein (P < 0.01). Otherwise, neither parental history of @entity6 nor baseline @entity650 predicted changes in metabolic measures. Changes in metabolic measures with @entity1037 treatment can be detected early in the treatment of @entity1 who are previously antipsychotic naive. The absence of a change in fasting insulin suggests a failure of pancreatic islet cells to compensate for the increase in fasting @entity413 .

title: Metabolic effects of XXXX in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['IL-6', 'hemoglobin A1c, fasting insulin, IL-6']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['olanzapine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2226 ( @entity5624 ) is an @entity5625 with several functions in central nervous system. Mounting evidence suggests that it acts in osmoregulation, neuromodulation and also as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. However, the effects of @entity5624 on behavioral functions, especially on @entity148 , are limited. The adult @entity3392 is a suitable model organism to examine @entity148 -like behaviors since it presents neurotransmitter systems and behavioral functions evolutionary conserved. @entity148 in @entity3392 can be measured by different tasks, analyzing the habituation to novelty, as well as the response to brightly lit environments. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute @entity5624 treatment alters @entity148 -like behavior in @entity3392 using the novel tank and the light-dark tests. Fish were individually treated with @entity5624 (42, 150, and 400mg/L) for 1h and the behaviors were further analyzed for 6min in the novel tank or in the light-dark test. Control fish were handled in a similar manner, but kept only in home tank water. Although @entity5624 did not alter locomotor and vertical activities, all concentrations significantly increased shuttling and time spent in lit compartment. Moreover, @entity5624 150 group showed a significant decrease in the number of risk assessment episodes. Overall, these data suggest that @entity5624 exerts an anxiolytic-like effect in @entity3392 and the comparative analysis of behavior using different tasks is an interesting strategy for neuropsychiatric studies related to @entity148 in this species.

title: The role of @entity2226 on @entity148 -like behaviors in XXXX : A comparative study using the novel tank and the light-dark tasks.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'anxiety-related parameters']

entities_list: @entity5625 :: ('MESH:C005741', 'Chemical') :: ['amino sulfonic acid']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: AIM: Canakinumab (CAN), a selective, fully human, anti- @entity1356 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated long-term benefits in @entity3811 ( @entity3811 ) @entity1 , who have contraindications for, or are unresponsive or intolerant of, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or @entity3812 (two trials:b-RELIEVED [n  =  228]; b-RELIEVED II [n  =  226]). The trials collected different responses, including @entity1 -reported outcomes (PRO). A composite response end-point (CRE) was used to interpret each @entity1 's overall response to treatment. METHODS: Data from b-RELIEVED trials were pooled for this retrospective analysis. The CRE representing overall change in @entity3811 -related health outcomes, from baseline to 12  weeks, included clinical markers; PROs from the Gout Impact Scale (GIS); and the SF-36 bodily @entity158 scale. Response to each variable (i.e. markedly important difference) was determined a priori. Variable values [1 (responder) or 0 (non-responder)] were summed to create a CRE score for each @entity1 . RESULTS: For eight of 12 variables measured, the percentage of CAN responders was significantly greater than for TA (p  <  0.05). On average, @entity1 receiving CAN met a higher percentage of response criteria (65%) than @entity1 receiving @entity2995 (TA) (49%), p  <  0.001. Mean CRE scores were significantly higher for CAN vs. TA (mean [SD]; 4.7 [2.7] vs. 3.7 [2.4], p  <  0.001). Treatment differences remained even after serially removing individual responder variables and domains from the composite end-point, indicating that the differences between CAN and TA were robust. CONCLUSION: CAN was superior to TA across multiple health-outcome variables comprising clinical markers and PRO over 12  weeks in @entity1 contraindicated, intolerant or unresponsive to NSAIDs and/or @entity3812 .

title: Efficacy of Canakinumab vs. XXXX according to multiple @entity3811 -related health outcomes measures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis', 'GA']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: In 9 study centers, 419 @entity1 with @entity565 or @entity1030 were randomized to receive two forms of @entity3045 metered-dose-inhalers (MDIs), i.e. CFC-driven @entity13521 , non-CFC (HFA) @entity13521 and one @entity3045 dry powder inhaler (DPI), in a multi-center, comparative, cross-over and randomized study, performed to facilitate the formulation of a strategic plan to phase out CFC MDIs. After having received all three forms of test products, the @entity1 completed an evaluation questionnaire indicating their preferences, likelihood of treatment compliance on each product and the easiest one to use. Statistical analysis showed that the @entity13521 was significantly less irritating (p < 0.014) but lower in its overall appeal (p < 0.0001). The "most preferred form to be prescribed" was DPI at 47.5% followed by non-CFC at 32.5% and @entity13521 at 20.1%. Concerning the ease of use among the three forms of test products, 59.9% of the @entity1 indicated "no difference". Adverse events were mild and occurred in only 8.2%. In conclusion, @entity1 ' preference and sensory perception among the three forms of inhalers were comparable except that the @entity13521 was significantly less irritating but lower in its overall appeal. DPI was the most preferred and easiest form to use but also the most expensive. Taking public health into consideration, a non- @entity13521 with a similar market price to the @entity13521 would be the obvious choice in a strategic plan to phase out CFC MDIs with the least difficulty to the consumers.

title: A comparative study of @entity1 ' preferences and sensory perceptions of three forms of inhalers among Thai @entity565 and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: Slowly progressive @entity2026 without generalized @entity303 is a @entity179 selectively affecting dominant hemisphere language areas. We report changes in regional @entity413 metabolism measured by positron emission tomography in two @entity1 with this condition. Striking abnormalities of @entity413 utilization in the left cerebral cortex were demonstrated in both @entity1 . The findings of other neurodiagnostic studies were relatively unremarkable. The first @entity1 had a 3-year history of progressive @entity5547 and @entity2414 . An electroencephalogram was normal, and computed tomography showed mild left perisylvian @entity194 . Positron emission tomography revealed profound hypometabolism in the left temporal regions. The second @entity1 also had a 3-year history of progressive @entity5547 . Electroencephalography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging scans were normal. Positron emission tomography showed a major reduction in left parietal @entity413 utilization, with a lesser decrement in left temporal metabolism. Neither @entity1 demonstrated significant contralateral or global abnormalities such as those reported in positron emission tomographic studies of @entity195 with or without focal clinical features. These observations support the concept of adult-onset progressive @entity2026 without @entity303 as a clinical syndrome distinct from @entity195 .

title: Slowly progressive @entity2026 without generalized XXXX : studies with positron emission tomography.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative syndrome']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired auditory verbal recall']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: @entity3649 ( @entity16076 ) chronic administration via intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes has been used as a model of aging and @entity195 in rodents. Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration of @entity16076 causes @entity2414 , a reduction in the neurogenesis of adult @entity19 , an increase in the levels of the amyloid precursor protein and oxidative damage; However, the effects of oral @entity16076 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the oral administration of @entity16076 induces @entity2383 of @entity35 . Male @entity35 (4  months old) received @entity16076 (100  mg/kg v.o.), during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th or 8th weeks by oral gavage. The activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was measured in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks after the administration of @entity16076 . The activity of the respiratory chain complex I was found to have increased in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the 1st, 6th and 8th weeks, while the activity of the respiratory chain complex II increased in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks within the hippocampus and in the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks within the prefrontal cortex. The activity of complex II-III increased within the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in each week of oral @entity16076 treatment. The activity of complex IV increased within the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the 1st, 2nd, 6th and 8th weeks of treatment. After 4  weeks of treatment the activity increased only in hippocampus. In conclusion, the present study showed that the oral administration of @entity16076 increased the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, II-III and IV in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, the administration of @entity16076 via the oral route seems to cause the alterations in the mitochondrial respiratory complexes observed in @entity75 .

title: The oral administration of @entity3649 induces XXXX in the brain of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['D-Galactose']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities within the mitochondrial respiratory chain']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['abnormalities within the mitochondrial respiratory chain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that both local and systemic inflammatory responses play an important role in the progression of a variety of solid @entity5 . @entity14 results from the cumulative effect of sequential genetic alterations, leading to the expression of @entity5 associated antigens possibly inducing a cellular anti- @entity5 immune response. It is well recognized that cytotoxic lymphocytes constitute one of the most important effector mechanisms of anti- @entity5 -immunity. However, their potential prognostic influence in @entity14 remains controversial. Aim of the study was to examine infiltration of CD3+ and @entity405 + lymphocytes in @entity14 and their prognostic potential.Two-hundred-fifteen @entity14 cases, previously analyzed for @entity124 ( @entity124 ), were selected for immunohistochemical detection of CD3+, @entity405 + infiltration and the expression of @entity10807 . Prognostic relevance was assessed by survival analysis. RESULTS: Strong correlations were found between the infiltration of lymphocytes and several clinicopathological variables. Survival analysis revealed that intra-epithelial infiltration of CD3+ and @entity405 + T lymphocytes and stromal infiltration of CD3+ lymphocytes had a major impact on the @entity1 ' overall survival in the univariate analysis, however independent of their association with @entity124 -status. In addition, it was also demonstrated that there was an important disease specific survival advantage for @entity1 with microsatellite stable (MSS) @entity5 containing intraepithelial @entity405 + @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes. When samples were analyzed for @entity694 and @entity5 separately, the results of the overall population were confirmed in @entity694 only. When entered into a multiple Cox regression analysis adjusting for other possible important confounding factors, the strong impact of lymphocyte infiltration on overall survival was not maintained. Only early stage and young age (borderline significant for overall population only) were associated with a better overall survival (early disease with @entity66 ). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion our results suggest a role for infiltrating CD3+ and @entity405 + T lymphocytes in @entity14 whereby @entity5 infiltration could reflect a general principle of antitumor immunity, irrespective of the @entity124 -status.

title: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes: an intriguing player in the survival of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease-free survival also']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Kinetic analysis of the tissue distribution of @entity1 epidermal growth factor ( @entity4179 ) in @entity35 was performed in vivo. The plasma disappearance half-life of [125I] @entity4179 was prolonged by coadministration of unlabeled @entity4179 , indicating saturation of the mechanism for @entity4179 removal from the systemic circulation. To analyze the contribution of each tissue to the uptake of @entity4179 , the amount of [125I] @entity4179 taken up by each tissue was determined after coadministration of various amounts of unlabeled @entity4179 . Kinetic analysis of the data yielded the following results. (1) Among the tissues examined, the distribution of [125I] @entity4179 to the liver, kidney, small intestine, stomach, and spleen was much greater than that accounted for by the distribution to the extracellular space of each tissue. (2) The binding (or uptake) of @entity4179 by these tissues showed remarkable saturation, which may represent the receptor-dependent binding (or uptake) mechanism. (3) The apparent binding (or uptake) clearance per gram of tissue at the low dose (in the range of first-order kinetics), defined with regard to the arterial plasma concentration, was greatest in the kidney, followed by the liver and small intestine. The larger binding (or uptake) clearance of the kidney compared with that of the liver can be attributed to the higher plasma flow rate (per gram of tissue) in the kidney. However, the intrinsic ability to take up @entity4179 was much greater in the liver than that in the kidney. The hepatic binding (or uptake) of @entity4179 at the low dose was almost limited by the hepatic plasma flow rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Kinetic analysis of in vivo receptor-dependent binding of XXXX epidermal growth factor by @entity35 tissues.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is a marker of oxidative stress and activity is associated with @entity65 . Carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) is a noninvasive predictor of @entity731 . We investigated the association between serum GGT activity and @entity1004 . Fifty-five @entity1 who had normal liver function tests were consecutively enrolled. Carotid @entity121 was evaluated in the right and left common carotid arteries. The averaged values of @entity1004 and serum GGT activity were compared. Serum GGT activity correlated with @entity1004 (r = .396, P = .003). Serum GGT activities were increased in @entity1 with carotid intimal @entity1373 compared with those without intimal @entity1373 (20.3    11.2 vs 34.3    16.1 U/L; P = .001). Serum GGT activity is associated with @entity1004 . This finding supports the concept that elevated serum GGT activity is a marker of @entity731 .

title: Association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and carotid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid IMT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['intima-media thickness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although @entity1 with @entity1318 complain mainly of @entity1282 , we have observed that they also have a high rate of respiratory problems. We hypothesized that the latter may be due to poor esophageal clearance leading to aspiration. This study examines the effect of Heller myotomy on these symptoms. METHODS: We studied the course of 111 @entity1 with @entity1318 who underwent Heller myotomy between 1994 and 2008 and who agreed to participate in this study. All @entity1 completed a questionnaire postoperatively assessing the preoperative and postoperative prevalence and severity of symptoms using visual analog scales. @entity1 were divided into two groups: one that included all those with @entity1576 ( @entity1353 , hoarseness, cough, wheezing, sore throat, and/or a history of @entity55 ) prior to myotomy and one that included those without those symptoms. RESULTS: All @entity1 presented with @entity1282 as their primary complaint, and 63 (57%) reported @entity1576 or disease prior to surgery. There were no significant differences in preoperative characteristics between those with and without respiratory manifestations. After a median follow-up of 71 months (range 9-186 months), 55 (87%) @entity1 reported durable improvement of @entity1282 . The frequency and severity of all @entity1576 decreased significantly. Twenty-four of the 29 @entity1 (82%) who reported a history of @entity55 prior to surgery did not experience recurrent episodes after Heller myotomy. CONCLUSIONS: A Heller myotomy is effective in improving esophageal emptying in @entity1 with @entity1318 . This results in sustained improvement of @entity1282 and associated @entity1576 /diseases. This suggests that @entity1576 /diseases in these @entity1 are likely caused by esophageal retention of food and secretions, and then aspiration.

title: Improvement of XXXX following Heller myotomy for @entity1318 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['asthma or pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory symptoms']


abstract: @entity3610 represents 80% of @entity249 cases. Treatment initially includes preconception guidelines, such as lifestyle changes ( @entity353 ), @entity1501 therapy to prevent the risk of fetal neural tube defects and halting the consumption of @entity286 and @entity285 . The first-line pharmacological treatment for inducing ovulation consists of a @entity4082 treatment for timed intercourse. The second-line pharmacological treatment includes the administration of exogenous gonadotropins or laparoscopic ovarian surgery ( @entity43 ). Ovulation induction using @entity4082 or @entity4083 is effective with cumulative live birth rates of approximately 70%. @entity43 should be performed when laparoscopy is indicated; this procedure is typically effective in approximately 50% of cases. Finally, a high-complexity reproduction treatment (in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is the third-line treatment and is recommended when the previous interventions fail. This option is also the first choice in cases of bilateral tubal occlusion or semen alterations that impair the occurrence of natural pregnancy. Evidence for the routine use of @entity2449 in @entity249 treatment of anovulatory @entity1 with @entity3610 is not available. Aromatase inhibitors are promising and longer term studies are necessary to prove their safety.

title: Treatment of @entity249 in @entity1 with XXXX : approach to clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'Polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'anovulatory infertility']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian drilling', 'Ovarian drilling']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4083 :: ('MESH:D006062', 'Chemical') :: ['gonadotropins']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: With improvements in neurological imaging, there are increasing reports of symptomatic spinal @entity12897 . @entity954 has been recognized as the definitive treatment for symptomatic juxtafacet cysts. However, the role for concomitant fusion and the incidence of recurrent @entity615 and recurrent cyst formation after surgery remain unclear. PURPOSE: To determine the cumulative incidence of postoperative symptomatic relief, recurrent back and @entity158 after cyst resection and decompression, and @entity12897 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of the literature. @entity1 SAMPLE: All published studies to date reporting outcomes of @entity12897 with and without spinal fusion. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cyst recurrence and Kawabata, Macnab, Prolo, or @entity158 scales. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review of all articles published between 1970 and 2009 reporting outcomes after surgical management of spinal @entity12897 . RESULTS: Eighty-two published studies encompassing 966 @entity1 were identified and reviewed. Six hundred seventy-two (69.6%) @entity1 presented with @entity158 and 467 (48.3%) with @entity615 . The most commonly involved spinal level was L4-L5 (75.4%), with only 25 (2.6%) and 12 (1.2%) reported @entity12897 in the cervical or thoracic area, respectively. Eight hundred eleven (84.0%) @entity1 were treated with decompressive surgical excision alone, whereas 155 (16.0%) received additional concomitant spinal fusion. Six hundred fifty-four (92.5%) and 880 (91.1%) @entity1 experienced complete resolution of their back or @entity158 after surgery, respectively. By a mean follow-up of 25.4 months, back and @entity158 recurred in 155 (21.9%) and 123 (12.7%) @entity1 , respectively. Sixty (6.2%) @entity1 required reoperation, of which the majority (n=47) required fusion for correction of spinal instability and @entity615 . Same-level @entity12897 occurred in 17 (1.8%) @entity1 after decompression alone but has been reported in no (0%) @entity1 after decompression and fusion. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical decompression results in symptomatic resolution in the vast majority of @entity1 ; however, recurrent @entity615 occurs in a significant number of @entity1 . Cyst recurrence occurs in less than 2% of @entity1 but has never been reported after cyst excision with concomitant fusion. The lack of cyst recurrence after concomitant fusion supports the need to investigate the value of fusion of the involved motion segment in the treatment of symptomatic @entity12897 of the spine.

title: Recurrent back and @entity158 and cyst reformation after surgical resection of spinal XXXX : systematic review of reported postoperative outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovial cyst excision', 'synovial cyst recurrence', 'synovial cysts']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical back pain', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['leg pain', 'radicular pain', 'Stauffer pain']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical excision']

answer: @entity12897 :: (MESH:D013581,Disease) :: ['synovial cysts']


abstract: Understanding the spatial scale and temporal pattern of disease incidence is a fundamental prerequisite for the development of appropriate management and intervention strategies. It is particularly critical, given the need to understand the elevated risks linked to climate change, to allow the most likely changes in the distribution of parasites and disease vectors to be predicted under a range of climate change scenarios. Using statistical models, the spatial distribution and climatic correlates of a range of parasites and diseases have been mapped previously, but their development into dynamic, predictive tools is less common. The aim of the work described here, was to use a species distribution model to characterise the environmental determinants of the monthly occurrence of ovine @entity4057 (blowfly strike) by @entity4058 , the most frequent primary agent of northern @entity4057 , and to then use this model to describe the potential spatial changes that might be expected in response to predicted climate change in Great Britain. The model predicts that the range of elevated temperatures predicted by current climate change scenarios will result in an increase in the risk of strike and an elongated blowfly season. However, even for the most rapid warming scenario predictions over the next 70 years, strike is not predicted to occur throughout the winter. Nevertheless, in this latter case, parts of central and southern England are likely to become too hot and dry for strike by @entity4058 , to persist in mid-summer. Under these conditions, it is possible that other, more pathogenic Mediterranean agents of @entity4057 , such as Wolfhartia magnifica, could potentially replace @entity4058 . Where the phenology of strike is altered by climate change, as predicted here, significant changes to the timing and frequency of parasite treatments and husbandry practices, such as shearing, will be required to manage the problem. The results suggest that the modelling approach adopted here could be usefully applied to a range of disease systems.

title: Modelling the impact of climate change on spatial patterns of disease risk: XXXX strike by @entity4058 in Great Britain.

entities_list: @entity4057 :: ('MESH:D009198', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous myiasis', 'myiasis', 'European myiasis']

entities_list: @entity4058 :: ('13632', 'Species') :: ['L. sericata', 'Lucilia sericata']

answer: @entity4058 :: (13632,Species) :: ['sheep blowfly']


abstract: From December 1999 to April 2001, 10 cases of @entity378 were presented to the Radiology Unit at the Medical Research Institute of Alexandria University for mammographic and sonographic evaluation. Sixty percent presented with masses, 50% @entity5026 , 40% discharge, and 10% complained of skin sinus. In 30% of the @entity1 the complaint was bilateral. All cases underwent full mammographic and ultrasonographic (US) studies, and US-guided fine needle aspiration. Also pathological, bacteriological analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were done to all @entity1 to prove the tuberculous nature of their lesions. Thirty percent of the cases had surgical excision on their masses. On mammography 30% were found to have mass lesion mimicking @entity5 , 40% smooth bordered masses, 40% axillary or intramammary adenopathy, 30% asymmetric density, 30% duct ectasia, 20% with skin thickening and @entity2341 , 20% with macrocalcification, and 10% with skin sinus. On US 60% had hypoechoic masses, 40% focal or @entity1157 , and 50% axillary adenopathy. History of @entity378 was found in 30% of the cases. Chest X-ray was positive in 20% and breast magnetic resonance imaging was done to one @entity1 who had skin sinus.

title: Mammographic and sonographic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['sectorial duct ectasia']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['mastalgia']

entities_list: @entity2341 :: ('MESH:D004370', 'Disease') :: ['nipple retraction']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous mastitis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculous mastitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic and predictive value of early quantitative @entity419 PET to monitor therapy with an antibody to the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 antibody) in @entity1 with @entity2828 family of @entity5 (ESFT). METHODS: @entity419 PET images at baseline and approximately 9 d after initiation of @entity2856 antibody therapy in 115 @entity1 with refractory or relapsed ESFT were prospectively obtained as part of the @entity242 Alliance for Research through Collaboration trial. Responses were centrally evaluated by PERCIST 1.0 in 93 @entity1 . The 9-d PET responses were correlated to @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression-free survival (PFS), and clinical benefit after 6 wk of therapy based on clinical observation and CT response by World Health Organization anatomic criteria. RESULTS: The median @entity1349 was 8.1 mo (95% confidence interval, 6.4-10.0 mo). When PERCIST was used, @entity1 with progressive @entity209 showed @entity1349 (median, 4.7 mo) than @entity1 without progression (median, 10.0 mo; P = 0.001). Progressive @entity209 on day-9 PET was associated with a significantly higher risk of @entity204 (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-5.5). Changes in @entity419 uptake after 9 d of therapy had an area under the curve of receiver-operating characteristic of 0.71 to predict 1-y @entity1349 . The area under the curve was 0.63 to predict progression at 3 mo and 0.79 to predict clinical benefit after 6 wk of therapy. CONCLUSION: Treatment response by quantitative @entity419 PET assessed by PERCIST 1.0 as early as 9 d into @entity2856 antibody therapy in @entity1 with ESFT can predict the @entity1349 , PFS, and clinical response to therapy.

title: Response to Early Treatment Evaluated with @entity419 PET and PERCIST 1.0 Predicts Survival in @entity1 with Ewing @entity242 @entity5 Treated with a Monoclonal Antibody to the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity2856 :: ('3480', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1R', 'insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'shorter OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2856 :: (3480,Gene) :: ['Insulinlike Growth Factor 1 Receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: estimating the prevalence of @entity6522 and its complications studied at the clinic for 10-years period as well as the approaches for its operative treatment and analysis of the subsequent results. CASES AND APPROACHES: During the period 1998-2008 56 @entity1 were hospitalized (31 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 ) at the Surgical department of the University hospital "Alexandrovska". They had different forms of @entity6522 . The average age of the @entity1 was 66.7. The retrospective analysis divides the @entity1 into three clinical groups: 1st group-- @entity298 and @entity733 caused by @entity7261 --present in 49 @entity1 . 2nd group--chronic non-specific inflammatory infiltrate and fistula--present in 5 @entity1 . 3rd group--severe @entity548 and anaemic syndrome--present in 2 @entity1 RESULTS: Mortality-rate is 12.5% (7 @entity1 ). 10 @entity1 with complications were registered--5 with suppuration of the surgical wound and 5 with @entity55 and @entity1143 . CONCLUSION: @entity6522 is a disease of great surgical interest because of its complicated forms requiring conventional or surgical treatment. Various forms of @entity298 which are part of the emergency surgical abdomen domain are relatively frequent complication of the gastrointestinal (in particular of the colon) @entity7261 . They are difficult to diagnose in the pre-operative period and its not easy to take a decision about the particular operative approach. All that is related with the relatively high morbidity and mortality.

title: [ XXXX end its complications under the mask of emergency surgical abdomen--10 years experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6522 :: ('MESH:D043963', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulosis', 'Colonic diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['pericolic abscess']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity6522 :: (MESH:D043963,Disease) :: ['Diverticulosis of the colon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, insulin resistance, and @entity409 , all of which contribute to increased risk of @entity65 . We hypothesized that @entity356 would produce rapid improvements in endothelial function, reduce @entity32 , and lead to a decrease in cardiovascular risk. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of morbidly @entity28 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y @entity356 (RYGB). Clinical data, biochemical markers of @entity32 , and parameters indicative of cardiovascular risk were collected preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Metabolic and inflammatory mediators that were quantified included C-reactive protein, @entity2002 , @entity2289 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity1193 , @entity1254 , @entity1243 , @entity1674 , total @entity165 , HDL, LDL, @entity413 , insulin, and HbA1c. Brachial artery reactivity testing (BART) was performed to assess peripheral arterial endothelial function, and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) was calculated on all study @entity1 pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (11 female) were enrolled (age = 49.2    10.4 years; BMI = 48.1    5.3 kg/m(2)). Six months post RYGB, mean BMI decreased to 35.4    4.5, corresponding to 51.7% excess @entity353 (P < 0.001). Mean waist circumference decreased significantly from 132 cm at baseline to 110 cm at 3 months (P = 0.003) and 107 cm at 6 months (P < 0.001). Six months after RYGB, @entity353 led to significant improvements in clinical parameters indicative of @entity65 or risk, including brachial artery diameter, endothelial independent vasodilation, and @entity65 . Favorable improvements in the proinflammatory markers CRP (P = 0.01) and @entity1243 (P = 0.005), the anti-inflammatory mediator @entity1254 (P = 0.002), and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR, P = 0.007) were evident at 3 months. At 6 months, improvements in CRP, @entity1243 , and fasting insulin were maintained and @entity2002 levels also decreased (P = 0.047). @entity1254 continued to increase at 6 months (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Gastric bypass is associated with early reversal of @entity409 , a more favorable inflammatory milieu, and, most importantly, a reduction in cardiovascular risk.

title: Early effects of @entity356 on endothelial function, @entity32 , and cardiovascular risk in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['adiponectin', 'Adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'FRS', 'Framingham cardiovascular risk score']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bypass']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: After 24 h exposure to 0.1 mM @entity3952 or 0.1 mM @entity2365 there was a 2- and 1.7-fold increase, respectively, in the incorporation of @entity1877 into the lipids of type II pneumocytes. @entity2365 increased the labeling of disaturated @entity2434 (PC) from 23.0% of total labeled PC in control cultures to 56.6% and @entity3952 decreased labeling of disaturated PC to 9.4%. The percentage of total cellular radioactivity found in the lipid fraction was also markedly higher in the @entity844 -treated cells (83.3% for @entity3952 and 78.7% for @entity2365 ) than in control cultures (64.0%). Radioactivity in water-soluble @entity1877 metabolites was correspondingly lower, with @entity2945 representing more than 95% of the label in both control and experimental cultures. After a 3 h pulse-chase period, @entity3952 and @entity2365 significantly increased the percentage of total cellular radioactivity in PC and decreased the percentage in @entity2945 . Similar results were obtained by adding @entity3348 (1-2 micrograms/ml) or @entity3353 (0.05 U/ml) to the culture medium. The stimulation of PC synthesis by @entity1718 was demonstrated as early as 1 h after exposure to @entity3952 or @entity2365 and at all concentrations from 0.025 to 0.25 mM. Cytidylyltransferase activity in total cell homogenates was also enhanced by long-term exposure to @entity1718 and short-term addition of @entity1718 or @entity3353 and melittin to the culture medium. A similar increase in cytidylyltransferase activity was found in the 100 000 X g particulate fraction of type II cells exposed to @entity1718 , whereas no differences were found between the cytosolic fractions of control and treated cells. These results support the concept that an increase in intracellular level of @entity1718 either from an exogenous source or following the activation of endogenous phospholipases regulates PC synthesis in fetal type II pneumocytes.

title: Stimulation of XXXX synthesis by @entity1718 in fetal rabbit type II pneumocytes.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate', 'Palmitate']

entities_list: @entity3348 :: ('MESH:D008555', 'Chemical') :: ['melittin']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

answer: @entity2434 :: (MESH:D010713,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylcholine']


abstract: A population based case control-study was initiated in 1981 to identify risk factors for @entity204 from @entity565 . Over a two year period all deaths in the Auckland population possibly due to @entity565 , in @entity1 less than 60 years of age, were investigated. From the 47 @entity1 who died from @entity565 44 who had useful reversibility of @entity1224 (records showing greater than 20% variability of peak flow or a history indicating equivalent variability of @entity1353 ) before @entity204 were selected as cases for the study. Both hospital and @entity497 based controls were used. The cases were more likely than were the @entity497 controls to have had severe disease, a hospital admission or visits to a hospital emergency department in the previous year (odds ratios 4.4, 16.0, 8.5 respectively). The @entity748 @entity1 who died were more likely than either group of controls to have had a previous life threatening @entity565 attack. Poor management of the disease and poor compliance on the part of the @entity1 increased the risk of @entity204 . In addition, use of three or more types of @entity565 drug within the past year was associated with an increased risk of dying that was independent of disease severity. Of interest was a similarity between @entity748 @entity1 admitted to hospital and those who died. Nevertheless, a history of a previous life threatening attack and a recent admission to hospital identified a group at high risk.

title: A case-control study of deaths from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airways obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the CNS. They enwrap axons, thus permitting fast impulse transmission and exerting trophic actions on neurons. @entity17 accompanied by @entity51 is a rather frequent condition that is not only associated with @entity15 but has been also recognized in several other @entity179 , including @entity131 and @entity64 , @entity195 and @entity746 . Recently, alterations of myelin function have been also reported in @entity146 , like @entity308 and @entity2438 . Highly relevant for therapeutic purposes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) still persist in the adult brain and spinal cord. These cells are normally rather quiescent, but under specific circumstances, they can be stimulated to undergo differentiation and generate mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Thus, approaches aimed at restoring myelin integrity and at fostering a correct oligodendrocyte function are now viewed as novel therapeutic opportunities for both neurodegenerative and @entity146 . Both OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes express purinergic receptors. For some of these receptors, expression is restricted at specific differentiation stages, suggesting key roles in OPCs maturation and myelination. Some of these receptors are altered under demyelinating conditions, suggesting that their dysregulation may contribute to disease development and could represent adequate new targets for remyelinating therapies. Here, we shall describe the current literature available on all these receptors, with special emphasis on the P2Y-like @entity7077 receptor, that represents one of the most studied receptor subtypes in these cells.

title: CNS remyelination as a novel reparative approach to @entity179 : The roles of purinergic signaling and the XXXX @entity7077 .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['Demyelination']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity7077 :: (2840,Gene) :: ['P2Y-like receptor']


abstract: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ) with stenting ( @entity865 /stenting) for intracranial @entity731 stenoses is usually performed without any @entity887 ( @entity887 ). However, we have encountered @entity63 complications when performing @entity865 /stenting without @entity887 for symptomatic @entity543 . We report here a case of symptomatic @entity7244 , which was treated by stenting under proximal protection without @entity63 complications. The 54-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of @entity425 . Diffusion-weighted image (DWI) in MRI revealed multiple high intensity lesions in the left frontal and parietal lobe. An angiogram demonstrated 80% @entity850 in the C5 portion of the left internal carotid artery. @entity865 /stenting was performed using an occlusion catheter under proximal protection. The occlusion catheter with balloon was placed in the left internal carotid artery of the cervical segment. The balloon was inflated to intercept blood flow, and a driver stent was placed following @entity865 . Postoperative angiography demonstrated that the degree of @entity850 had decreased to almost 5% after @entity865 /stenting. The @entity1 did not present other @entity51 . MRI-DWI did not reveal any @entity2806 following the treatment. @entity865 /stenting under proximal protection using an occlusion catheter is a simple technique, and is considered to be effective for @entity543 .

title: [Stent-assisted angioplasty using the proximal protection method for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['EPD', 'embolic protection devise']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis', 'intracranial internal carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: We report a male @entity1 with @entity25336 after @entity1188 . He had @entity75 and he had exhibited @entity2026 , but his speech had been fluent until onset of the @entity1188 . Results of analysis of speech samples included the following: (1) the @entity1 showed very frequent syllable repetition and @entity14495 . (2) The stuttering occurrence rate at the second test was much higher than at the first test. (3) Almost all stuttering occurred on initial word sounds; stuttering on the medial and final word was less frequent. (4) Adaptation effect was absent. (5) Secondary behaviors such as closing of the eyes and grimacing were observed. The internal model related to cerebellar functions can be modified using feedback-error information. Results suggest that internal model dysfunction caused this @entity1 's stuttering. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: After reading this text, the reader will be able to: (1) provide characteristics of @entity25336 after the cerebellum infarction; (2) discuss the relationship between @entity25336 and functions of the cerebellum.

title: Stuttering after XXXX : a case study.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['suffered from frontal and thalamus damage']

entities_list: @entity25336 :: ('MESH:D013342', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic stuttering']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar infarction']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['part-word repetition']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['right cerebellar infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catastrophic complications have been reported for selective cervical nerve root block (SCNRB) or pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) via an anterolateral transforaminal approach. A posterior approach to these procedures under computed tomography guidance has been reported. Here, we report the clinical outcomes of 42 @entity1 with chronic cervical @entity158 (CCRP) treated with a combination of SCNRB and PRF through a posterior approach under fluoroscopy guidance. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes of 42 consecutive @entity1 with CCRP who received a combination of SCNRB and PRF through a posterior approach under fluoroscopy guidance. The thresholds of electrical stimulation and imaging of the nerve roots after contrast injection were used to evaluate the accuracy of needle placement. The numeric rating scale was used to measure the @entity158 and numbness levels as primary clinical outcomes, which were evaluate in scheduled follow-up visits of up to 3 months. RESULTS: A total of 53 procedures were performed on 42 @entity1 at the levels of C5-C8. All @entity1 reported concordant paresthesia in response to electrical stimulation. The average sensory and motor thresholds of stimulation were 0.28    0.14 and 0.36    0.14 V, respectively. Injection of nonionic contrast resulted in excellent spread along the target nerve root in large majority of the procedures. The numeric rating scale scores for both @entity158 and numbness improved significantly at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months after the treatment. No serious adverse effects were observed in any of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The posterior approach to combined SCNRB and PRF under fluoroscopy guidance appears to be safe and efficacious in the management of CCRP.

title: A posterior approach to cervical nerve root block and pulsed radiofrequency treatment for cervical XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['radicular pain']


abstract: A @entity35 muscle spindle typically contains four intrafusal fibers-one nuclear @entity20931 , one nuclear @entity20932 and two nuclear chain fibers. We compared the sequence of formation of the three intrafusal fiber types among the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL) and @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ) muscles using immunocytochemistry of spindle-specific myosin heavy chain isoforms. Spindles of the TA began to differentiate earlier and acquired the full complement of intrafusal fibers sooner than spindles of the SOL or @entity10036 muscles. At the onset of spindle assembly, the intrafusal myotubes expressed myosin heavy chains similar to those expressed by extrafusal myotubes. The first intrafusal myotube then differentiated into the @entity20931 fiber regardless of the muscle. However, the fate of the second-forming intrafusal myotube varied among the muscles studied. It usually differentiated into a chain fiber in the TA, into a @entity20932 fiber in the SOL, and into either a @entity20932 or a chain in the @entity10036 . The fate of the third-forming intrafusal myotube was reciprocal to that of the second; i.e. in those spindles in which the @entity20932 fiber was second to form, a chain was third, and vice versa. The fourth and last intrafusal myotube gave rise to a chain fiber. The inter- and intramuscular variability in the fate of intrafusal myotubes of the second and third generation argues against the existence of a program @entity4329 that would mandate their differentiation along specific paths. Rather, an extrinsic regulatory factor, probably associated with the primary afferent neuron, may govern differentiation of pluripotential myotubes into particular types of intrafusal fiber. The fate of the intrafusal myotubes might then depend on the timing of the regulatory effect of afferents relative to the stage of development of the intrafusal bundle.

title: Sequences of intrafusal fiber formation are muscle-dependent in XXXX hindlimbs.

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'medial gastrocnemius']

entities_list: @entity4329 :: ('MESH:C563242', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic to the myotubes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of evolving @entity548 are discussed and compared with those of computed tomography (CT). Studies of 15 @entity1410 were undertaken in four mongrel @entity235 . The @entity1410 were created by the injection of autologous blood into the subcutaneous tissues of the thigh. The @entity1410 were studied serially with both MRI and CT. Pulse sequences included spin-echo (2100 msec TR, 40 and 80 msec TE) and inversion-recovery (2100 msec TR, 400 msec TI, 40 msec TE). Relaxation times (T1 and T2) were calculated in each case. CT values (H) were also obtained. In addition, 24 single and 14 serial scans of @entity548 were obtained from 24 @entity1 . MRI was performed on a 0.15-T resistive magnet scanner. T1 and T2 relaxation times and CT values decreased as the @entity1410 resolved. T1 and T2 relaxation times of @entity548 tended to remain elevated with time. MRI seems to be more sensitive than CT for the detection of @entity548 , primarily because of superior contrast resolution.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraparenchymal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: High levels of low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL) ( @entity1007 ) are commonly present in the @entity1985 . Another pattern of @entity2299 in @entity1985 @entity1 is an elevation of both @entity165 and @entity412 levels ( @entity5703 ). It has been postulated that the underlying cause of @entity1985 is an hepatic overproduction of @entity755 (apo B)-containing lipoproteins. To examine this hypothesis, the metabolism of LDL-apo B was compared between @entity1985 @entity1 with @entity1007 and with @entity5703 . Thirteen @entity1 (7 with @entity1007 , and 6 with @entity5703 ) underwent measurements of turnover rates of autologous LDL apo B. The results were compared to normolipidemic controls and to @entity1 with primary @entity5703 previously studied in our laboratory. @entity1985 @entity1 with @entity1007 generally had: (a) lower fractional catabolic rates of LDL apo B than normolipidemic healthy individuals; (b) LDL particles enriched in @entity165 ; but (c) no overproduction of LDL apo B. In contrast, @entity1 with @entity5703 were found to have: (a) high fractional catabolic rates for LDL apo B compared to normolipidemic controls; (b) @entity165 -poor LDL particles; and (c) markedly elevated production rates for LDL. Also, for the group as a whole, there was a positive correlation between plasma @entity412 levels and fractional catabolic rates. These data indicate that the metabolism of LDL is strikingly different between the two forms of @entity1985 . Although there may be common mechanisms contributing to LDL levels in @entity1985 @entity1 , there also appears to be a divergence of mechanisms depending on whether @entity2298 is associated with @entity1007 .

title: Metabolism of low density lipoproteins in XXXX : comparison of @entity1007 alone and @entity5703 .

entities_list: @entity5703 :: ('MESH:D006950', 'Disease') :: ['combined hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic dyslipidemia', 'Nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic dyslipidemia']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the factors influencing uptake of structured education for @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 in our local population in order to understand why such uptake is low. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional database study of adults with @entity164 1 @entity6 in two south London boroughs, analysed according to Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) attendance or non-attendance. Demographics, glycaemic control and service use, with subset analysis by ethnicity, were compared using univariate analysis. An exploratory regression model was used to identify influencing factors. RESULTS: The analysis showed that 73% of adults had not attended the DAFNE programme. For non-attenders vs attenders, male gender (59 vs 48%; P=0.002), older age (39 vs 35 years; P<0.001), non-white ethnicity (30 vs 20%; P=0.001) and coming from an area of social deprivation (index of multiple deprivation score 31 vs 28; P<0.001) were associated with non-attendance. The difference in gender (88% @entity1 vs 70% @entity1 ; P<0.001) and age (43 vs 34 years) persisted in the non-white group. Regression analysis showed that higher baseline HbA1c level (odds ratio 1.96; P=0.004), younger age (odds ratio 0.98; P=0.001) and @entity1949 (odds ratio 0.52; P=0.001) was associated with attendance. CONCLUSION: Socio-economic status and factors perceived as indicating greater severity of disease (HbA1c ) influence attendance at DAFNE. More work is necessary to understand the demography of non-attenders to aid future service design and alternative engagement strategies for these groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Factors influencing attendance at structured education for @entity164 1 XXXX in south London.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['lower social deprivation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The possibility that @entity75 results in a sustained dysregulation of lymphocyte responsiveness to the @entity1199 , @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), was investigated in individuals who had experienced a @entity64 in adulthood or who presented with @entity1269 since childhood. Following verification of unilateral @entity75 via neuromotor assessment, and determination of their health status, blood samples were obtained to evaluate a panel of immune measures. Soluble @entity1199 receptor (sIL-2R) and lymphocyte proliferative and cytolytic responses in the subjects with @entity64 or @entity306 were compared to age- and gender-matched controls. In addition, lymphocyte populations were enumerated via flow cytometry, and lymphocyte @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) levels were determined. Circulating blood levels of sIL-2R were significantly elevated in all individuals that had experienced unilateral @entity75 . Cytolytic activity also failed to be stimulated to the normal level by in vitro treatment of lymphocytes with @entity1199 . Further, lymphocytes from the @entity64 subjects proliferated significantly less after mitogen and @entity1199 stimulation. These functional differences were not accounted for by an abnormal leukocyte profile, although phenotypic analyses revealed subtle differences in the natural killer cell subsets. Overall, the findings indicate that individuals with @entity75 may not respond appropriately when immune activation is required. These immune differences appear to be a stable trait given that they were manifested after both perinatal and adult brain insult in otherwise healthy, independently living individuals.

title: Immune consequences of XXXX and @entity306 in adults.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['spastic hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early non-response to antipsychotic treatment in @entity1 with @entity161 has been shown in multiple studies to predict poor response at short-term trial endpoint. Therefore, strategies to address the challenge of non-improvement early in the course of treatment are needed. A novel trial design was developed to assess the potential utility of antipsychotic dose escalation in @entity1 with an inadequate initial treatment response. This design was embedded in a study intended to assess the efficacy of low dose @entity8409 in @entity1 with @entity161 . The purpose of this report is to describe the background, rationale and design of this study that included a novel method for the assessment of the potential for dose-response in early non-responding @entity1 with @entity161 . METHODS/DESIGN: In this 6-week, international, multicenter, double-blind trial, eligible adults with acute @entity161 were randomized to receive fixed doses of @entity8409 20  mg/day, 80  mg/day (active control), or placebo in a 1:2:1 ratio. @entity1 initially randomized to @entity8409 80  mg/day who did not have a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score improvement >= 20  % at Week 2 were re-randomized on a 1:1 basis to receive either @entity8409 80  mg/day or @entity8409 160  mg/day for the remainder of the trial. All other groups remained on their initially assigned treatment. The formal primary objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose @entity8409 (20  mg/day) compared to placebo; secondary objectives included evaluating the efficacy of @entity8409 80  mg/day versus 160  mg/day in early non-responders, and evaluating the efficacy of @entity8409 in all subjects initially randomized to 80  mg/day versus placebo. DISCUSSION: Since a lack of early improvement predicts poor response to short-term antipsychotic treatment in @entity1 with @entity161 , several treatment strategies have been proposed to enhance treatment outcome in early non-responders. A novel clinical trial design involving a placebo arm and re-randomization of early non-responders to increased or maintained antipsychotic dose was developed. The study design described in this report provides a robust method to assess the value of antipsychotic dose escalation in @entity1 with @entity161 who demonstrate poor initial treatment response. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01821378 ; initial registration March 22, 2013.

title: Treatment of early non-response in @entity1 with XXXX : assessing the efficacy of antipsychotic dose escalation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity8409 :: ('MESH:C525644', 'Chemical') :: ['lurasidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: A 60-year-old @entity1 who had @entity191 for 25 years became unable to maintain the upright position of the trunk while standing or walking. Because of a loss of postural fixation, his trunk sank forward until his back was horizontal. Fifteen years before, a bifocal implantation of radioactive yttrium-90 had been performed by a stereotaxic procedure at the level of the globus pallidus (GP) and the ventrolateral thalamus, respectively on the right side. A second operation, 2 years later, had been made by electrocoagulation in the left ventrolateral thalamus. Postmortem examination showed the following features (a) neuronal cell loss in the pigmented nuclei of the brainstem with intracellular Lewy bodies and @entity5219 . These data corresponded with the usual pathology of @entity191 ; (b) surgical lesions resulting from the previous stereotaxic operations in the right GP and the ventrolateral thalamus on both sides and (c) neuronal cell loss without @entity5219 in the right GP that was evident in regions spared by the surgical lesion. Moreover, these degenerative changes were particularly seen in the left GP, which was surgically unlesioned. The ansa lenticularis was demyelinated on both sides. These data might be consistent with a retrograde degenerative process affecting the pallidothalamic projections. Beside the role of the neuronal cell loss affecting the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SN) in @entity910 , the role of the lesions affecting the G.P. in the genesis of @entity74 is suggested.

title: Long-term follow-up after stereotaxic basal ganglia surgery in parkinsonism. A neuroanatomical study of a case showing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['postural disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['unusual postural disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new microplasma spraying equipment (MSE) to deposit @entity78 ceramic (CaP) coatings onto @entity702 substrates has been developed. With this system, it is possible to spray fine particles and to apply textured @entity692 coatings onto @entity702 surfaces. Moreover, due to the low heat power of the microplasma jet, overheating of the powder particles as well as excessive local overheating of the substrate is diminished. Furthermore, because of the small laminar plasma jet, it is possible to achieve high spray efficiency in the case of spraying for dental implants. Also, the low level of noise (25-50 dB) and hardly any dust makes it possible to operate MSE under conditions of normal workrooms. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate, in a mandibular @entity235 model, bone biological properties and the occlusal loading effects of @entity702 implants provided with newly developed microplasma-sprayed CaP coatings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For histomorphometrical evaluation, 48 screw-type @entity702 implants were inserted into the mandibles of six adult @entity235 . The implants were either acid etched without additional coating, coated with a conventionally plasma-sprayed CaP ceramic, coated with a microplasma-sprayed CaP ceramic or with a microplasma-sprayed coating at the apical part only. To assess the effect of occlusal loading, a split-mouth design was used. Six weeks after implantation, the implants in one half of the mandible of each @entity235 were functionally loaded, while the contra lateral implants served as control. Six weeks after loading, the animals were sacrificed and bone-to-implant contact as well as the amount of bone around the implants were assessed. RESULTS: Irrespective of surface and functional load, no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were found either for bone-to-implant contact or for the amount of bone between the various implant surfaces. On the other hand, functional loading of the non-coated implants was associated with a tendency towards crestal @entity604 . CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the experiment, we conclude that functional loading of MPS CaP coatings induces a favorable bone response, and furthermore, that the bone response, irrespective of the loading condition, does not differ from conventional plasma-sprayed CaP coatings.

title: Bone reaction adjacent to microplasma-sprayed CaP-coated oral implants subjected to occlusal load, an experimental study in the XXXX . Part I: short-term results.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dog']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylapatite']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to characterize the functional nature of the reentrant tract responsible for @entity1165 due to @entity741 . BACKGROUND: A zone of slow conduction forming the return path is though to form a critical component of the reentrant mechanism in @entity1165 . Despite its importance, detailed knowledge of the return path is rare in clinical studies. METHODS: Multielectrode arrays were used intraoperatively to obtain unipolar and high gain bipolar recordings of left ventricular endocardium in @entity1 undergoing map-directed surgical ablation of @entity1165 . A total of 224 local electrograms were analyzed for each @entity591 . RESULTS: Of 10 consecutive @entity1 undergoing intraoperative cardiac mapping, detailed recording of the return tracts of eight @entity1165 were obtained in three @entity1 . The recordings demonstrated that return tracts can be complex and extensive, with multiple paths of entry and exit. Potential and actual alternate paths were observed. Spontaneous and induced block occurred within portions of the complex. Intermittent block in one of two paths of entry resulted in intermittent cycle length changes of the @entity591 without a change in configuration. Block in one exit path resulted in a shift to alternative exit paths, with dramatic changes in ventricular activation and @entity591 configuration. Termination of the @entity591 could result from block close to the entrant or exit portion of the return tract. Different @entity591 were seen to share common portions of a return tract. CONCLUSIONS: These observations enlarge and extend our knowledge of the functional repertoire of complex reentrant tracts that occur in @entity1188 -related @entity1165 . The use of common portions of a reentrant tract by several @entity591 is confirmed. Utilization of alternate pathways can account for changes in configuration and cycle length. Spontaneous and induced block can occur at points of entry and exit in a reentrant tract and may identify optimal targets for ablation attempts. Further advances will require greater emphasis on diastolic activation mapping.

title: Endocardial mapping of XXXX in the intact @entity1 ventricle. III. Evidence of multiuse reentry with spontaneous and induced block in portions of reentrant path complex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Severe @entity483 causes @entity73 in the life of both @entity1 and their parents. Generally, symptoms can be controlled with emollients, topical @entity230 , antibiotics, antihistaminic but some @entity1 remain intensely ill and may require treatment with systemic @entity230 and so on. @entity205 has been found to be effective in a variety of @entity272 since it reduces the number of activated T-cells expressing @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) receptors. In order to monitor the safety and clinical efficacy of therapy and days of remission we performed @entity205 on 3 @entity1 with severe @entity483 , refractory to all traditional therapies. @entity205 suspension at dosage of 5 mg/kg daily, in 2 doses for 8 weeks has been used. @entity205 blood levels, @entity8 , blood pressure and some immunological parameters (eosinophils, IgE, @entity1199 receptors) were monitored. All @entity1 showed a marked clinical improvement with reduction of @entity111 , erythema, papules, vesciculation, excoriation, scaly crusts and lichenification. No clinical or haematological side effects were demonstrated. The soluble @entity1199 receptor concentration decreased even after 8 weeks of treatment in all 3 @entity1 , regardless of IgE levels (case 1: low IgE level; case 2: very high IgE level) as in several others T-cell mediated non IgE-related @entity272 . The authors suggest that courses of 8 weeks seem effective and safe as well as longer time in producing early remission with the advantage of a low cumulative exposure to the drug. The main question is whether a prolonged remission will permain as well as continuous therapy. This study underscores the potential value of systemic administration of this powerful immuno-suppressive agent in the treatment of many cases of severe @entity483 working regardless of the IgE values. Although 3 cases report does not justify any definitive conclusion however it does a contribute to understand the heterogeneity of @entity483 and it adds information to its current treatment guidelines.

title: XXXX is safe and effective in severe @entity483 of childhood. Report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['liver and kidney function']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['major impairment']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'inflammatory skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the plasma concentration of @entity7489 (TXB2), a stable metabolite of @entity2404 (TXA2), to assess platelet activation in 78 @entity1 who had @entity120 associated with @entity299 (PH group) and 16 @entity1 with almost normal hemodynamics (control group). METHODS AND RESULTS: The PH group was divided into two subgroups: pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp) < or = 10 U/m2 (Rp < or = 10 group) and > 10 U/m2 (Rp > 10 group). In addition, the Rp < or = 10 group was divided on the basis of clinical symptoms into groups with @entity1353 ( @entity1353 [+] group) and without @entity1353 ( @entity1353 [-] group). Plasma TXB2 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma TXB2 levels in the three groups (control, Rp < or = 10, and Rp > 10) were significantly different (P < .005); the TXB2 levels in the Rp < or = 10 group were significantly higher than the others. Among the Rp < or = 10 @entity1 , the plasma TXB2 levels were significantly higher in the @entity1353 (+) group than in the @entity1353 (-) group (P < .0001). In addition, the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio and pulmonary blood flow divided by body surface area were significantly higher in the @entity1353 (+) group than in the @entity1353 (-) group (P < .02 and P < .002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that platelet activation led to increased @entity3447 release in @entity1 with @entity120 , especially those with @entity1353 and Rp < or = 10. TXA2 release from platelets probably caused constriction of the pulmonary arterioles and the bronchi, thus @entity120 and @entity1353 in these @entity1 . In the @entity1 with high Rp values, it was considered that the number of pulmonary arterioles where platelets could be activated had been reduced.

title: Plasma XXXX concentration in @entity120 associated with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'worsening pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity7489 :: (MESH:D013929,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane B2']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ovine follicular fluid (FF) treatment (with or without FSH replacement) during the late follicular phase on plasma concentrations of gonadotrophins and the development of the ovulatory follicle. Ovarian @entity134 secretion and expression of mRNA encoding @entity2668 and beta A, beta B subunits, P450 aromatase and P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase were used as endpoints. After induction of luteolysis by injection of 100 micrograms @entity2669 on days 10-12, Scottish Blackface ewes were allocated to one of three groups: (1) control (n = 7): no further treatment; (2) FF (n = 9): subcutaneous injections of 3 ml @entity134 -free ovine follicular fluid at 9 h intervals, 18 and 27 h after @entity2669 injection; (3) FF + FSH (n = 8): injections of follicular fluid as above plus subcutaneous injections of 0.36 iu ovine FSH at 6 h intervals, 18, 24, and 30 h after @entity2669 injection. Jugular venous blood samples were obtained via indwelling cannulae at 6 h intervals from 0 to 36 h after @entity2669 injection, and at 10 min intervals from 12 to 18 h (control phase) and from 30 to 36 h after @entity2669 injection (treatment phase). At laparotomy, 36 h after @entity2669 injection, @entity2670 was collected and ovaries were removed and processed for in situ hybridization. Plasma concentrations of FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity53 were determined by radioimmunoassay. Follicular fluid treatment resulted in a decrease (P < 0.001) in FSH concentrations associated with an acute decrease in ovarian @entity134 secretion (P < 0.01) and a specific @entity308 in P450 aromatase, (P < 0.001), inhibin-activin beta B subunit (P < 0.05) and thecal LH receptor (P < 0.001) expression. Follicular fluid treatment had no effect on inhibin-activin alpha and beta A, subunit or P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase expression. FSH co-treatment with follicular fluid restored circulating FSH concentrations to normal values and reversed some of the effects of follicular fluid ( @entity2671 , @entity251 and @entity1420 secretion, and @entity2672 and thecal LH receptor expression) but not @entity53 secretion or P450 aromatase expression. It was concluded that the actions of follicular fluid are mediated via both central effects on pituitary FSH secretion and by direct ovarian effects on granulosa cell aromatase activity. The results indicate that follicular fluid contains a factor that inhibits aromatase activity of granulosa cells directly and may play a role in the selection of the dominant follicle.

title: Direct effects of ovine follicular fluid on ovarian XXXX secretion and expression of markers of cellular differentiation in sheep.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity2669 :: ('MESH:D003008', 'Chemical') :: ['cloprostenol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian venous blood']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Studies in pediatric high-grade @entity816 (HGA) by our group and others have uncovered recurrent somatic mutations affecting highly conserved residues in histone 3 (H3) variants. One of these mutations leads to analogous @entity8552 ( @entity8552 ) mutations in both H3.3 and H3.1 variants, is associated with rapid fatal outcome, and occurs specifically in HGA of the midline in @entity1 and young adults. This includes diffuse intrinsic pontine @entity11 (80  %) and thalamic or spinal HGA (>90  %), which are surgically challenging locations with often limited @entity5 material available and critical need for specific histopathological markers. Here, we analyzed @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 143 pediatric HGA and 297 other primary @entity1313 or normal brain. Immunohistochemical staining for H3K27M was compared to @entity5 genotype, and also compared to H3 tri-methylated @entity376 27 (H3K27me3) staining, previously shown to be drastically decreased in samples carrying this mutation. There was a 100  % concordance between genotype and immunohistochemical analysis of H3K27M in @entity5 samples. Mutant H3K27M was expressed in the majority of @entity5 cells, indicating @entity5 heterogeneity for this specific mutation within the limits of our dataset. Both H3.1 and H3.3K27M mutants were recognized by this antibody while non-neoplastic elements, such as endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells or lymphocytes, did not stain. H3K27me3 immunoreactivity was largely mutually exclusive with H3K27M positivity. These results demonstrate that mutant H3K27M can be specifically identified with high specificity and sensitivity using an H3K27M antibody and immunohistochemistry. Use of this antibody in the clinical setting will prove very useful for diagnosis, especially in the context of small biopsies in challenging midline @entity5 and will help orient care in the context of the extremely poor prognosis associated with this mutation.

title: Specific detection of methionine 27 mutation in histone 3 variants (H3K27M) in fixed tissue from high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8552 :: ('p|SUB|K|27|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K27M', 'p.Lys27Met']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'limited intra-tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: We present 11 male @entity1 with @entity1566 and @entity1494 in whom malignant vesical @entity5 developed. The incidence of these @entity5 in our @entity1566 unit was 2.3 per cent. We investigated retrospectively the clinical, endoscopic and radiographic diagnoses, and analyzed the treatment. The most common presenting symptoms were recurrent urinary infections, @entity811 and stone disease. Two @entity1 presented with abdominal symptomatology (a large abdominopelvic mass and @entity298 ). Endoscopic evaluation was nonspecific in 8 @entity1 (72 per cent). @entity957 was present in 9 @entity1 (81 per cent). One @entity1 had @entity1606 , and 1 had mixed @entity1544 . Cytology was of no value in these @entity1 . The presence of local invasion and bulky disease suggests that ultrasonography or computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis should be included during followup. Radical cystoprostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is the recommended therapy for localized disease. The presence of active or recurrent @entity5331 in 55 per cent of the @entity1 indicated that urethrectomy also should be performed.

title: @entity5 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5331 :: ('MESH:D014522', 'Disease') :: ['urethral disease']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous and transitional cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['pure transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fistulas arising from the perforation of @entity5 into adjacent organs are a debilitating complication in the course of the disease. OBJECTIVE: We studied intra-arterial chemotherapy as a strategy to close such @entity292 before the initiation of standard chemoradiation. DESIGN: This study was based on a retrospective chart review. SETTING: The investigation was conducted at Geneva University Hospital. @entity1 : Eight @entity1 with @entity5 were included in the study. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were treated at our institution from 2002 to 2009 with upfront chemotherapy consisting of 1 to 4 cycles of intra-arterial @entity900 , @entity1487 , @entity1499 , and @entity1138 , and intravenous @entity1732 . Intra-arterial chemotherapy was followed by standard chemoradiation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fistula closure was assessed by an expert proctologist. RESULTS: Complete closure of @entity292 was documented in 7 of 8 @entity1 . @entity137 was manageable and consisted mainly of @entity882 , @entity1398 , and @entity1398 as well as fatigue. LIMITATIONS: This is a retrospective, uncontrolled review of only 8 @entity1 and thus a meaningful comparison with standard chemoradiation is not feasible. CONCLUSION: Upfront intra-arterial chemotherapy is a promising strategy to close @entity5 before initiating chemoradiation, potentially obviating the need for hazardous reconstructive surgery after radiotherapy.

title: Successful closure of XXXX with upfront intra-arterial chemotherapy: a report of 8 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anal cancer-related fistulas', 'anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['anal cancer-related fistulas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is little data on why @entity463 ( @entity463 ) @entity548 and how it may affect @entity1 outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of @entity548 in @entity463 by examining molecular and genetic features by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mRNA expression profiles in association with imaging and clinical outcomes. An observational retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 43 FFPE @entity463 tissue samples. MR images were assessed for the presence of @entity548 and extent of resection. Specimens were examined for @entity2280 and CD105 expression using IHC. Tumor mRNA expression profiles were analyzed for 92 genes related to angiogenesis and vascularity. Forty-three specimens were analyzed, and 20 showed signs of @entity548 , 23 did not. The average @entity3012 for @entity1 with @entity463 with @entity548 was 19.12 months (95% CI 10.39-27.84), versus 13.85 months (95% CI 8.85-18.85) in those without @entity548 (p   >   0.05). @entity5 that hemorrhaged had higher IHC staining for @entity2280 and CD105. mRNA expression analysis revealed @entity5 @entity548 was associated with increased expression of @entity7738 and MDK, and decreased expression of F3. @entity548 in @entity463 was not associated with worsened @entity3012 . Increased expression of angiogenic factors and increased @entity2280 and CD105 IHC staining in @entity5 with @entity548 suggests that increased @entity519 -induced angiogenesis and vessel density may play a role in @entity463 @entity548 . @entity5 that are prone to @entity548 and mechanisms behind the development of these @entity548 may provide insights that can lead to the development of targeted, individualized therapies for @entity463 .

title: Assessment of vascularity in XXXX and its implications on @entity1 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Characterizing tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: Expression of the D1.1 @entity4163 was studied immunohistochemically in developing cerebella from normal and weaver mutant @entity19 . In the normal cerebellum at postnatal day 7 (P7), D1.1 expression was restricted to the external granule-cell layer (EGL). At later ages, D1.1 disappeared as the developing granule neurons ceased mitosis and began migrating toward the internal granule-cell layer. In the @entity76 , D1.1 was expressed in the EGL in apparently normal fashion at P7, but failed to disappear at later ages. As late as P35, D1.1 immunoreactivity was observed throughout the @entity76 . The relative amounts of D1.1 @entity4163 in weaver and normal cerebella were compared by thin layer chromatography of total @entity7746 , followed by overlay of the chromatogram with anti-D1.1 and 125I-labelled second antibody. Autoradiograms showed that at P12 and P35 the weaver tissue contains six- to tenfold more D1.1 than normal tissue. These findings suggest that one result of the weaver mutation is prolonged expression of D1.1. We speculate that the D1.1 @entity4163 might be involved in adhesive interactions that regulate the timing of granule-cell migration from the EGL. The prolonged expression of D1.1 could be responsible, in part, for the failure of granule-cell migration in the @entity76 .

title: Altered expression of the D1.1 @entity4163 in the cerebellum of the Weaver XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['weaver cerebellar cortex', 'weaver cerebellum']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']