abstract: @entity1 with @entity5310 most frequently present with @entity272 ( @entity17586 ), with @entity262 involvement in many cases. However, a small subset of @entity1 with @entity262 lacks @entity272 and, in these @entity1 the correct diagnosis may be difficult to establish. @entity1 with @entity262 commonly have @entity1503 , including @entity1712 in up to 20% of cases, but isolated @entity1712 has been reported rarely. We describe an 82-year-old @entity1 who was admitted to Rhode Island Hospital for @entity453 and @entity1459 . Incidentally, an absolute eosinophil count of 7.84 x 10(9)/L (normal, < 0.45 x 10(9)/L) was detected with moderate @entity882 and mild @entity417 . Review of earlier records revealed that absolute @entity1712 had been present for approximately 4 months, initially without other @entity1503 . Clinical work-up showed left upper quadrant tenderness. No @entity272 were identified. Bone marrow core biopsy revealed paratrabecular, perivascular, and medullary mast cell aggregates with eosinophils, suggestive of @entity5310 . At autopsy the diagnosis was confirmed. Mast cell aggregates were found in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow, and @entity2863 esterase stain highlighted mast cell granules. The bone marrow was also hypercellular with granulocytic and @entity1373 , suggestive of a poorly defined @entity6961 . @entity1 with @entity262 initially may present with peripheral @entity1712 . Clinical suspicion of the diagnosis facilitates proper handling of the bone marrow core biopsy specimen to allow the demonstration of mast cell granules.

title: @entity262 presenting with peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mast cell disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic mast cell disease', 'systemic']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity2863 :: ('MESH:C006972', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroacetate']

entities_list: @entity17586 :: ('MESH:D014582', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorder']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood eosinophilia']


abstract: Five @entity1 had eyelid and @entity3852 . The @entity5 was located on the left lower eyelid in two @entity1 , the @entity3066 in one @entity1 , the right upper eyelid in one @entity1 , and was metastatic to the right outer canthus in one @entity1 . The mean duration of symptoms was approximately four months. The diagnosis of @entity3852 was not suspected clinically in any of the four primary eyelid cases, but was only established on histopathologic examination of biopsy specimens. Light microscopy disclosed @entity189 with small primitive cells in all five @entity5 biopsy specimens. Immunohistochemical studies showed @entity3508 and keratin and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated neurosecretory granules typical for @entity3852 . All five @entity1 in this study were treated with wide surgical excision of the @entity5 with intraoperative frozen-section monitoring of the margins of resection. The @entity3852 spread to the preauricular lymph node in one @entity1 . This @entity1 subsequently died of metastatic @entity3852 . One @entity1 with metastatic right outer canthus @entity3852 received radiotherapy (6,550 cGy). @entity3852 has the potential for recurrence and metastatic spread. We recommend lifetime follow-up for @entity1 treated for @entity3852 .

title: Merkel cell XXXX and periocular tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['left lower eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma', 'Eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma', 'eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma', 'periocular Merkel cell carcinoma', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'eyelid tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['left upper eyelid']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the eyelid']


abstract: Increased fibrinolysis is an important component of @entity2799 ( @entity2799 ) @entity548 diathesis. @entity2799 blasts overexpress @entity24898 (ANXII), a receptor for @entity35311 ( @entity35311 ), and plasminogen, thereby increasing plasmin generation. Previous studies suggested that ANXII plays a pivotal role in @entity2799 . ANXII binding to @entity35311 can be inhibited by @entity1255 and @entity3562 can be induced by @entity1853 supplementation. In the present study, we used an @entity2799 @entity19 model to study ANXII function and the effects of @entity3562 in vivo. Leukemic cells expressed higher ANXII and @entity35311 plasma levels (11.95 ng/mL in leukemic vs 10.74 ng/mL in wild-type; P = .004). In leukemic @entity19 , administration of @entity1853 significantly increased @entity1255 levels (49.0  mol/mL and < 6.0  mol/mL in the treated and nontreated groups, respectively) and reduced @entity35311 levels to baseline concentrations. The latter were also decreased after infusion of the LCKLSL peptide, a competitor for the ANXII @entity35311 -binding site (11.07 ng/mL; P = .001). We also expressed and purified the @entity24898 component of ANXII in Pichia methanolica. The infusion of @entity24898 in wild-type @entity19 increased @entity35311 and thrombin-antithrombin levels, and the latter was reversed by @entity1853 administration. The results of the present study demonstrate the relevance of ANXII in vivo and suggest that @entity1853 -induced @entity3562 may reverse hyperfibrinolysis in @entity2799 .

title: XXXX -induced @entity3562 reverts fibrinolytic pathway activation in a @entity19 model of @entity2799 .

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'acute promyelocytic leukemia', 'APL coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine', 'L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity35311 :: ('18791(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['tPA', 'tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity1853 :: (MESH:D008715,Chemical) :: ['Methionine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peritoneal metastases are now a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity0 . There are few published data regarding the prognosis, clinical characteristics and management of individuals with peritoneal metastases from @entity0 . METHODS: The electronic database at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital) was searched for the terms 'breast', ' @entity5 ' or ' @entity5 ', 'peritoneal' and ' @entity843 ' from 2000 to 2008. Those with confirmed @entity6378 from @entity0 , as described on ultrasound or staging CT reports with a clinico-pathologic confirmed diagnosis, were included. RESULTS: A total of 1628 @entity1 were screened and initially 168 @entity1 were identified. A subsequent total of 44 individuals (2.7% of the cohort) were defined as having @entity0 with peritoneal secondaries and were included in the analysis. Of these, the majority (77%) had @entity513 ( @entity513 ). While the median survival from the diagnosis of metastatic @entity0 measured 20.5 months (range 0.1-125 months), the median survival of @entity1 with @entity6378 was 1.56 months (range 0.2-27 months). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that the median survival of @entity1 with peritoneal @entity0 metastasis is surprisingly poor, with only a minority surviving more than 6 months. A specific association with @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ) was not observed. The dismal outcome of these individuals, despite further active therapy, merits their inclusion into clinical trials designed specifically for this group of @entity1 .

title: @entity6378 in XXXX : a specific entity with an extremely poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ILC', 'invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal disease']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDCs', 'invasive ductal carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gestational trophoblastic disease usually follows a @entity1475 but can occur also after an abortion or a term pregnancy. In only 10% of cases will treatment be required; and usually, single-agent chemotherapy will suffice. In high-risk disease, the multiagent regimen @entity10208 is usually used; and if that fails, most oncologists will use the EMA-EP regimen. If this does not produce a remission, there is no unanimity of opinion as to how to proceed. Numerous salvage regimens are in current use, and some centers do not consider high-dose chemotherapy. CASE: A young @entity1 presented 4 months after a normal spontaneous delivery with an elevated @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin level and multiple pulmonary metastases. She failed both the @entity10208 and EMA-EP regimens as well as additional standard chemotherapy. She was then treated with 4 separate courses of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support, which produced a complete remission. CONCLUSION: Even @entity1 with high-risk @entity1469 are usually cured with standard chemotherapy. @entity1 who fail such treatment should be considered for high-dose chemotherapy.

title: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support as salvage therapy in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['molar pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4236 ( @entity4236 ) is a rare and aggressive @entity5 arising from olfactory epithelium. Surgical excision in the form of craniofacial surgical resection (CFR) has shown encouraging results. The purpose of the study is to analyze the outcome of this disease when managed by non-craniofacial resection (NCFR) surgery in limited resources. METHODS: Between October 1998 and January 2004, eight @entity1 with @entity4236 were treated in the Department of Radiotherapy at KGMU, Lucknow. None of these eight @entity1 underwent CFR surgery. All @entity1 received six cycles of @entity1891 , @entity632 and @entity786 (VAC) based chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. RESULTS: All the @entity1 registered during this period had undergone operative procedures in the form of NCFR surgery except two. Complete response was present in five (62.5%) @entity1 and three (37.5%) @entity1 had partial response. Locoregional relapse-free survival at 3 years was 62.5% and median survival time was 38 months. Disease-free survival and overall survival at 3 years was 72.9 and 71.4%, respectively, and median disease-free survival time was 43 months, while mean overall survival time was 40.7 months as median overall survival time was not reached. CONCLUSION: @entity1 in developing countries often present with advanced stages and because of non-availability of technical advances and surgical expertise one tends to approach these @entity1 with palliative intent. Most of the @entity1 in our series were of stage C disease (75%) and still our response rate and survival were encouraging despite the fact that surgery was not optimal. This combination chemoradiotherapy schedule can be used outside the protocol setting where resources are limited.

title: XXXX treated with non-craniofacial resection surgery followed by combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy: An alternative approach in limited resources.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['ENB', 'Esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted by @entity4224 , a species that lives in close association with @entity1 dwellings. The behavior of DENV-infected mosquitoes needs further investigation, especially regarding the potential influence of DENV on mosquito biting motivation and avidity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We orally challenged 4-5 day-old Ae. aegypti females with a low passage DENV serotype -2 (DENV-2) to test whether the virus influences motivation to feed (the likelihood that a mosquito obtains a blood-meal and the size of its blood meal) and avidity (the likelihood to re-feed after an interrupted first blood-meal). To assay motivation, we offered mosquitoes an anesthetized @entity19 for 2, 3, 4 or 5 minutes 7 or 14 days after the initial blood meals and measured the time they started feeding. 60.5% of the unexposed mosquitoes fed on the @entity19 , but only 40.5% of the positive ones did. Exposed but negative mosquitoes behaved similarly to unexposed ones (55.0% feeding). Thus DENV-2 infection decreased the mosquitoes' motivation to feed. To assay avidity, we offered the same mosquitoes a @entity19 two hours after the first round of feeding, and we measured the time at which they started probing. The exposed (positive or negative) mosquitoes were more likely to re-feed than the unexposed ones and, in particular, the size of the previous blood-meal that kept mosquitoes from re-feeding was larger in the exposed than in the unexposed mosquitoes. Thus, DENV-2 infection increased mosquito avidity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: DENV-2 significantly decreased the mosquitoes' motivation to feed, but increased their avidity (even after taking account the amount of blood previously imbibed). As these are important components of transmission, we expect that the changes of the blood-feeding behaviour impact the vectorial capacity Ae. aegypti for @entity779 .

title: The influence of XXXX virus serotype-2 infection on @entity4224 (Diptera: Culicidae) motivation and avidity to blood feed.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue']


abstract: Poverty creates preconditions for @entity311 and ways for its spread, thereby making it difficult to control @entity311 . Individual perceptions of illness, in this case @entity311 , determine @entity1 's response to seeking medical care. For example, in Orissa state, India, tribal @entity1 do not take treatment for @entity311 or take part in parasite control because they do not consider mosquito bites to be harmful and consider @entity311 as a mild disease. Untreated @entity1 are potential sources of @entity281 . Research from rural areas in other developing countries show the widespread belief that mosquitoes do not transmit @entity311 . The bad smell emitted by insecticides keep @entity1 from various areas in developing countries from spraying their households. The practice forbidding nonkin males from entering houses where only @entity1 assemble (purdah) prevents teams from spraying Muslim households in @entity3595 Lanka. Thus, refusal to allow spraying increases the density of mosquitoes, resulting in an increased frequency of mosquito bites, and spread of @entity311 . Sleeping habits which contribute to the spread of @entity311 include not using mosquito nets or any protective device, outdoor sleeping, and @entity1 sharing a bed. @entity1 should protect themselves from mosquito bites by using bed nets, protective repellents, and screening and site selection for dwellings. A study in the Gambia revealed that, among 3 ethnic groups, Mandinkas @entity1 had the lowest prevalence rate because almost everyone used bed nets while 1-6% of @entity1 in Fula and Wolof villages did. Further, Mandinka @entity1 slept on mattresses and the other @entity1 slept on the floor. Research needs to examine whether cultural beliefs and values or poverty prevent some @entity1 from not using bed nets or any other protective device.

title: Socio-cultural factors associated with XXXX transmission: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'people', 'People', 'peoples']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to develop and test reliability, validity, and utility of the Goal-Setting Evaluation Tool for @entity6 (GET-D). The effectiveness of @entity6 self-management is predicated on goal-setting and action planning strategies. Evaluation of self-management interventions is hampered by the absence of tools to assess quality of goals and action plans. To address this gap, we developed the GET-D, a criteria-based, observer rating scale that measures the quality of @entity1 ' @entity6 goals and action plans. METHODS: We conducted 3-stage development of GET-D, including identification of criteria for observer ratings of goals and action plans, rater training and pilot testing; and then performed psychometric testing of the GET-D. RESULTS: Trained raters could effectively rate the quality of @entity1 -generated goals and action plans using the GET-D. Ratings performed by trained evaluators demonstrated good raw agreement (94.4%) and inter-rater reliability (Kappa = 0.66). Scores on the GET-D correlated well with measures theoretically associated with goal-setting, including @entity1 activation (r=.252, P<.05), @entity6 specific self-efficacy (r=.376, P<.001) and inverse relationship with @entity308 (r= -.376, P<.01). Significant between group differences (P<.01) in GET-D scores between goal-setting intervention (mean = 7.33, standard deviation = 4.4) and education groups (mean = 4.93, standard deviation = 3.9) confirmed construct validity of the GET-D. CONCLUSIONS: The GET-D can reliably and validly rate the quality of goals and action plans. It holds promise as a measure of intervention fidelity for clinical interventions that promote @entity6 self-management behaviors to improve clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00481286.

title: Measuring the quality of XXXX ' goals and action plans: development and validation of a novel tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the age-related loss of health-related physical fitness and normative data in healthy population @entity1 aged 20-60 years old of Tehran, Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 healthy @entity1 aged 20-60 years old were randomly selected from northern, southern, eastern, western and center regions of Tehran. @entity65 was determined by Ros and Jakson protocol. Body composition were measured using Jackson and Poolak procedure, flexibility was determined by sit and reach test, muscular strength with a standard dynamometer and muscular endurance were measured with Sit-ups test in one minutes. RESULTS: @entity65 (vo(2max)), body composition, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance remained unchanged in the 20 and 30 year old age groups. Around of 40 years old, @entity65 , muscular strength and endurance began to gradually decline but body composition increased and flexibility unchanged. Data for Vo2max and the other variables in 4-yr groups provide "normative" results. Result indicated age-related declined in Vo2max (0.43 ml/ kg/min  yr (-1)), muscular strength (0.004 kg/weight  yr (-1)) and endurance (0.63 repetition  yr (-1)), and increased in body fat (0.43 %  yr (-1)) in 30-60 year. One-way ANOVA test showed that all variables significantly differed (P<0.001) among decades except sit and rich test (P< 0.059) between the second and third decades. V(o2max) had a significant relationship (P< 0.01) with Age, BMI, body fat percent and muscular strength and endurance. CONCLUSION: Iranian @entity1 have a greater decline in @entity65 ; muscular strength and endurance. The results of this study can be used as reference material for clinical studies in different age groups.

title: Health-related physical fitness and normative data in healthy XXXX , tehran, iran.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular fitness', 'Cardiovascular fitness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: In an attempt to study the effects of piriform @entity16 on kindled @entity410 propagation, we administered @entity4176 (12 mg/kg; i.p.) to @entity35 previously kindled from the dorsal hippocampus. Unexpectedly, the ensuing @entity159 ( @entity159 ) in the kindled @entity35 did not result in the piriform @entity16 normally observed in naive @entity35 . As a result of this surprising finding, a more comprehensive investigation was undertaken to compare dorsal hippocampal kindled and control @entity35 on their electrographic and behavioral @entity159 development and subsequent @entity75 . The @entity159 induction profile and the pattern of @entity75 observed in our control @entity35 was similar to previous reports [Neuroscience, 14 (1985) 375-403; Brain Res., 218 (1981) 299-318]. By contrast, although fewer kindled @entity35 than controls responded to the initial dose of @entity4176 with electrographic and behavioral @entity410 , those many kindled @entity35 that did respond, showed a pattern of @entity159 induction that was different from controls. Kindled @entity35 manifested fewer 'wet @entity235 shakes', more generalized @entity410 and a faster development of @entity159 ( @entity159 ) than controls. In addition, without pharmacological intervention, the @entity159 continued longer in kindled @entity35 than in controls. Histological examination revealed @entity75 in kindled @entity35 that was markedly different from controls. Unlike controls, kindled @entity35 had no damage in the piriform @entity550 and minimal @entity131 , yet showed midline thalamic and anterior olfactory nuclei damage similar to controls. These differences were observed from 1 to 28 days after kindling. Although the mechanism(s) of this kindling-based neuroprotection is not known, its discovery should add importantly to our understanding of @entity302 -induced alterations of subsequent neuronal function.

title: Hippocampal kindling protects several structures from the neuronal damage resulting from XXXX -induced @entity159 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal damage']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['cortex or substantia nigra reticulata']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cortex damage']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SLS', 'SE', 'severe limbic status']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Randomized controlled trials have attested the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy ( @entity21557 ) in @entity716 . Now, studies are needed to investigate its effectiveness in routine clinical practice settings. METHOD: Eighty @entity1 with @entity161 spectrum disorders who were seeking outpatient treatment were randomized to a specialized cognitive behavioral intervention for @entity716 ( @entity21557 ; n = 40) or a wait list (n = 40). The @entity21557 group was assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 1-year follow-up. The wait list group was assessed at baseline, after a 4-month waiting period, at posttreatment, and after 1 year. The primary outcome measure was the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: The @entity21557 group showed significant improvement over the wait list group for the total PANSS score at posttreatment-postwaiting. @entity21557 was also superior to the wait list group in regard to the secondary outcomes positive symptoms, general psychopathology, @entity308 , and functioning, but not in regard to negative symptoms. The number of dropouts during the treatment phases was low (11.3%). @entity1 perceived the treatment as helpful (98%) and considered themselves improved (92%). Significant pre- and posttreatment effect sizes varied between 0.77 for general psychopathology and 0.38 for delusional conviction. The positive effects of treatment could be maintained at 1-year follow-up, although the number of @entity1 who had deteriorated was higher than at postassessment. CONCLUSIONS: Large proportions of @entity1 in clinical practice settings benefit from @entity21557 . The efficacy of @entity21557 can be generalized to clinical practice despite the differences in @entity1 , therapists, and deliverance.

title: Moving from efficacy to effectiveness in cognitive behavioral therapy for XXXX : a randomized clinical practice trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['reducing psychotic symptoms', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: In cultured @entity1 keratinocytes (NHEK) maintained in medium containing low levels of @entity141 (0.04 mM) desmoplakin is a component of certain electron-dense bodies in the cytoplasm. These bodies are associated with bundles of intermediate filaments. Upon elevation of the level of @entity141 in the culture medium to 1.2 mM, desmoplakin first appears at sites of cell-cell contact in association with bundles of intermediate filaments. Subsequently, desmoplakin becomes incorporated into desmosomes in a manner comparable to that seen in @entity19 keratinocytes (Jones and Goldman: Journal of Cell Biology 101:506-517, 1985). NHEK cells maintained for 24 hr at @entity141 concentrations between 0.04 mM and 0.18 mM were processed for immunofluorescence, immunoelectron, and conventional electron microscopical analysis. In NHEK cells grown at @entity141 concentrations of 0.11 mM, desmoplakin appears to be localized in electron-dense bodies associated with intermediate filaments at sites of cell-cell contact in the absence of formed desmosomes. At a @entity141 concentration of 0.13 mM desmoplakin is arrayed like beads on a "string" of intermediate filaments at areas of cell-cell association. At 0.15 mM, desmosome formation occurs, and desmoplakin is associated with the desmosomal plaque. In @entity1491 cells desmoplakin is not restricted to desmosomes but also occurs in certain electron-dense bodies morphologically similar to those seen in NHEK maintained in low levels of @entity141 and during early stages of desmosome assembly. We discuss the possibility of "cycling" of desmoplakin through these bodies in proliferative cells.

title: Distribution of desmoplakin in normal cultured @entity1 keratinocytes and in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Genetic changes underlying the aggressive progression of @entity1 @entity320 are not completely understood. In order to characterise genetic alterations associated with the metastatic behaviour of this @entity5 we used comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) on an experimental metastatic model of three related @entity1 @entity320 cell lines. Tumour lines were selected based on their various metastatic capacity to liver in immunosuppressed @entity19 . The parental cell line (A2058) was a @entity1 @entity5701 cell line, adaptation of this line to in vivo growth as xenograft the HT168 @entity5 and its cell line was established. After intrasplenic transplantation of HT168 cells into immunosuppressed @entity19 , a highly metastatic variant (HT168-M1) was selected. Several chromosomal aberrations common to all three lines indicating common clonal origin, as well as additional non-shared chromosomal changes were found. The original cell line (A2058) exhibited the highest number of genetic changes. @entity2342 present only in the highly metastatic line (HT168-M1) involved losses on chromosome 4, 9p21.3-pter and 10p. Chromosome copy number patterns and the nature of chromosome 4 loss were further investigated by FISH using different centromeric probes and a chromosome 4 painting probe. According to our CGH and FISH results we assume that alterations present only in the aggressive metastatic subline are associated with the increased - metastatic potential. Our observations further support the hypothesis, based on some recently published data, that certain (so far unidentified) suppressor genes having an important role in @entity5 progression are located on these chromosomes.

title: Liver metastatic ability of XXXX @entity320 cell line is associated with losses of chromosomes 4, 9p21-pter and 10p.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal alterations']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity0 and @entity730 , controversy exists over the need for postexcision/lumpectomy, preradiation mammogram (PEM) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Further, the need for excision of remaining or suspicious @entity730 after PEM when surgical margins are negative is unclear. We sought to characterize the utility of PEM hypothesizing that its value in directing the need for additional surgery is minimized after achieving negative surgical margins. METHODS: We identified 524 @entity1 with @entity0 and @entity730 treated with BCS with negative margins between 1996 and 2011. RESULTS: PEM was performed in 112 of 524 (21 %) @entity1 , with residual @entity730 identified in 10 of 112 (9 %); of these, 2 of 112 (1.8 %) had @entity66 . Local recurrence occurred in 4 of 112 (4 %) @entity1 , none of whom had residual @entity730 identified on PEM. The remaining 412 of 524 (79 %) @entity1 did not have PEM but had a postradiation mammogram 6 to 12 months after treatment identifying @entity730 in 19 (5 %) @entity1 . Tissue diagnosis was benign in 14 @entity1 and was not pursued in the remaining 5. Local recurrence occurred in 13 (3 %) @entity1 , none of whom had @entity730 on the new post radiation baseline mammogram. CONCLUSIONS: Mammographically apparent @entity730 representing @entity66 occur infrequently after BCS with negative margins. The value of PEM may be to document the new radiographic baseline but should not be required to ensure adequate surgery. Radiation plays an integral role in sterilization of the remaining breast tissue after BCS.

title: Is postexcision, preradiation mammogram necessary in XXXX after breast-conserving surgery with negative margins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. The association between @entity6126 and @entity170 has been reported. We conducted a study to establish the prevalence and magnitude of @entity2331 in @entity1 with @entity2013 and the relationship of @entity604 with the duration of @entity6126 . 2. We measured the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of spine and femur (a site that has not been analyzed earlier) in 35 @entity1 with @entity2013 using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer. The @entity1 were classified as normal @entity79 and low @entity79 ( @entity6092 ). 3. Seventeen @entity1 (48%) showed @entity2331 . The mean @entity604 in the different regions was: spine, 13%; femoral neck, 15%; trochanter, 11%; Ward's, 22%. This difference was only significant when the spine and Ward's region were compared. The duration of @entity6126 was significantly greater in the low- @entity79 group (11.3 vs 4.9 years) when compared to the normal @entity79 group. There was a positive relationship between the duration of @entity6126 and magnitude of @entity604 in both spine and femur (P = 0.04; r = 0.6). 4. A high prevalence of @entity2331 in both spine and femur was found in @entity1 with @entity2013 , and was highly associated with the duration of @entity6126 . Early treatment of this condition seems important to prevent @entity604 .

title: Prevalence and magnitude of @entity2331 in XXXX with @entity2013 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenics']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity12279 ( @entity8681 ) derivatives are potent polycationic nonviral vectors for gene transfer. The gene transfer efficiency of glucosylated and galactosylated @entity8681 derivatives was optimized using green fluorescent protein gene as reporter gene in @entity1 and @entity1 @entity1 @entity189 cell lines. Glucosylated or galactosylated @entity8681 derivatives were found to be slightly less cytotoxic than unsubstituted @entity8681 . Gene transfer efficiency was found to be related to DNA/cell number ratio and optimal gene transfer efficiency was achieved at 4 microg DNA/10(5) cells. @entity8681 -DNA complexes were found to enter cells rapidly and were detected into cytoplasmic vesicles 2 hours post-transfection. Green fluorescent protein gene expression was detected 4-6 hours after transfection and reached maximal value 24 hours post-transfection. The results achieved demonstrated that glucosylated @entity8681 yield higher and longer gene transfer efficiency than unsubstituted @entity8681 . Using glucosylated @entity8681 allowed to achieve significant gene transfer in more than 10% of the total cell population for more than 4 days. These data were then applied to @entity876 gene transfer in @entity1 cells bearing @entity876 gene deletion and consequently unable to initiate apoptosis. Using glucosylated @entity8681 , @entity876 gene transfer was successfully achieved with subsequent recovery of @entity876 mRNA expression and transient @entity876 protein expression. @entity876 protein functionality was further demonstrated because transfected cells underwent apoptosis.

title: Improvement of nonviral @entity876 gene transfer in @entity1 XXXX cells using glucosylated @entity12279 derivatives.

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylenimine']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The effect of a second and third generation oral contraceptive and of the progestagens used in these pills on lipid metabolism was studied in the absence or presence of the @entity5337 mutation. DESIGN: A single centre, double blind randomized trial. SETTING: University Medical Centre. SUBJECTS: A total of 51 @entity1 without and 35 @entity1 with the @entity5337 mutation. INTERVENTIONS: A second generation (30 microg @entity2082 /150 microg @entity2692 ) or a third generation (30 microg @entity2082 /l 50 microg @entity7281 ) oral contraceptive. After two cycles of use and a wash-out period of two cycles, the @entity1 received the corresponding progestagen-only preparation containing 150 microg @entity2692 or 150 microg @entity7281 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean difference in changes between the treatment groups on total @entity165 , HDL, LDL, @entity1674 and total/HDL @entity165 ratio. RESULTS: Compared with @entity2692 , @entity7281 -containing oral contraceptives caused in @entity1 without the @entity5337 mutation significant changes in HDL (0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25-0.61), LDL (-0.55; 95% CI -0.90 to -0.20), @entity1674 (0.19; 95% CI 0.06-0.32) and total/ HDL @entity165 ratio (-0.87; 95% CI -1.21 to -0.53). When the progestagen-only preparations were used, differential changes were found for HDL (0.16; 95% CI 0.03-0.29), LDL (-0.31; 95% CI - 0.56 to -0.05) and total/HDL @entity165 ratio (-0.55; 95% CI -0.84 to -0.26). @entity7281 -only caused changes opposite to those of @entity7281 -containing oral contraceptives. For @entity165 and @entity1674 , this effect was also found for @entity2692 -only in comparison with @entity2692 -combined oral contraceptives. @entity2692 appeared to induce the effect on HDL. Almost all results were similar for @entity1 with the @entity5337 mutation. CONCLUSION: It appears that @entity7281 counteracts the effects of @entity2931 to a lesser extent than @entity2692 . @entity7281 -containing oral contraceptives have therefore a more favourable influence on @entity165 metabolism in comparison with @entity2692 -containing oral contraceptives.

title: Effect of second and third generation oral contraceptives on lipid metabolism in the absence or presence of the XXXX mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel', 'Levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity7281 :: ('MESH:D017135', 'Chemical') :: ['desogestrel', 'Desogestrel']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5337 :: (2153,Gene) :: ['factor V Leiden']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have not distinguished @entity1 with @entity3538 (ICA) occlusions from those with @entity432 and often consider them together in the same cohort. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes of @entity1 with @entity64 from acute cervical @entity432 treated with intravenous thrombolysis or primary endovascular procedures and to identify early predictors of functional recovery among these @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Academic hospital. @entity1 : We studied @entity1 with @entity385 who received intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular treatment for acute cervical @entity432 at St Mary's Hospital, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. We evaluated the associations of vascular risk factors, severity of @entity64 , arterial recanalization, presence of tandem occlusions, and collateral distal flow with functional recovery at 90 days after @entity64 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Favorable functional recovery (Modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2). RESULTS: We identified 21 @entity1 (median age, 67 years; median National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score at presentation, 13), of whom 13 @entity1 received intravenous thrombolysis and 8 @entity1 underwent primary endovascular treatment. Three @entity1 who received intravenous thrombolysis underwent rescue endovascular treatment. Favorable functional recovery (Modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2) was observed in 7 @entity1 who received intravenous thrombolysis and in 1 @entity1 who underwent primary endovascular treatment. Good collateral distal flow and @entity432 were observed in 6 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 , respectively. Good collateral distal flow, observed more frequently in cigarette smokers, was associated with favorable functional recovery (odds ratio, 20; 95% CI, 2-242; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous thrombolysis should be administered as first-line treatment in @entity1 with early acute cervical @entity432 . Treatment benefits are accentuated in @entity1 with better collateral circulation.

title: XXXX from @entity3538 occlusion: treatment results and predictors of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['acute cervical internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tandem occlusions', 'intracranial occlusions', 'ICA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Anecdote but no formal evidence suggests that @entity12520 after @entity2147 @entity1 with @entity27 are treated. We investigated whether masked volunteer raters can identify post- rather than pre-treatment images as looking more alert, and whether impressions are predicted by any objective changes on highly precise 3-dimensional digital photogrammetry. METHODS: @entity1 included 20 adults with @entity27 on polysomnography and excessive @entity25 on Epworth Sleepiness Scales. Photogrammetry was performed before and after >=  2 months of adherent use of positive airway pressure. Twenty-two raters then assessed pre- and post-treatment facial images, paired side-by-side in random order. RESULTS: Subjects included 14 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 , with mean age 45    11 (SD) years and mean baseline @entity386 / @entity387 index of 26    21. The 22 raters twice as often identified post-treatment rather than pre-treatment images to look more alert (p = 0.0053), more youthful (p = 0.026), more attractive (p = 0.0068), and more likely to reflect the treated state (p = 0.015). Photogrammetry documented post-treatment decreases in forehead surface volume and decreased infraorbital and cheek redness, but no narrowing of the interpalpebral fissure. @entity393 sleep at baseline, and pre- to post-treatment decrements in facial redness showed promise as predictors of improved subjective ratings for alertness. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity27 are perceived to appear more alert, more youthful, and more attractive after adherent use of positive airway pressure. Objective changes in facial surface volume and color were identified. Post-treatment decrements in redness may inform subjective impressions of improved alertness.

title: The face of @entity25 : improvement in appearance after treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolent']

entities_list: @entity12520 :: ('MESH:C535655', 'Disease') :: ['facial appearance improves']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased deep NREM']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: Attacks of @entity19424 are prevented by the continuous administration of @entity3352 . @entity9251 , an agonist of 5-HT1-like receptors, has proven effective in the treatment of @entity2686 attacks. There are clear clinical similarities between @entity19424 and @entity2686 . A natural consequence of these considerations would be to establish whether @entity19424 also responds similarly to sumatriptan. Since @entity10 continua is another @entity10 responsive to @entity3352 , it would be meaningful to also include @entity10 continua in such a study. Sumatriptan, 6 mg subcutaneous, was tried in an open fashion in 7 @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ) with @entity19424 and 7 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) with @entity10 continua. In @entity19424 , the mean interval between the last three attacks prior to sumatriptan treatment (40 +/- 23 minutes) was not statistically different from the mean interval between the three attacks subsequent to sumatriptan treatment of an attack (32 +/- 20 minutes). In none of the @entity1 did the mean duration of the "test attack" decrease as compared to the attacks antedating the test attack (25 +/- 11 minutes and 19 +/- 9 minutes, respectively) (P = 0.027, Wilcoxon). In 2 @entity1 with @entity19424 , placebo (saline) administration did not lead to any change in the interval between attacks. There was a mild, but statistically significant reduction in visual analog scale values for @entity10 intensity in @entity10 continua (P = 0.04, Wilcoxon). There was no clear, i.e., clinically meaningful, reduction in visual analog scale values in any particular @entity1 with @entity10 continua. Taken together, these results seem to show that sumatriptan is of no benefit in @entity19424 , but may have a partial efficacy in @entity10 continua. However, the latter effect is clinically unimportant. This minor difference in regard to the clinical effect may, nevertheless, be of some interest pathogenetically, indicating minor differences between the two @entity10 . The lack of sumatriptan effect in @entity19424 clearly and markedly strengthens the nonalignment concept in regard to @entity19424 and @entity2686 .

title: @entity19424 and XXXX continua: lack of efficacy of @entity9251 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['Sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity19424 :: ('MESH:D051302', 'Disease') :: ['chronic paroxysmal hemicrania']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral headache', 'hemicrania', 'headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['hemicrania']


abstract: The plasminogen activation (PA) system is involved in the degradation of fibrin and various extracellular matrix proteins, taking part in a number of physiological and pathological tissue remodeling processes including @entity3 . This system is organized as a classical proteolytic cascade, and as for other cascade systems, understanding the physiological initiation mechanism is of central importance. The attempts to identify initiation routes for activation of the proform of the key enzyme urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro- @entity16372 ) in vivo have been hampered by the strong activator potency of the plasmin, that is generated during the progress of the cascade. Using gene-targeted @entity19 deficient in plasminogen ( @entity43312 -/- @entity19 ) [Bugge, T. H., Flick, M. J., Daugherty, C. C., and Degen, J. L. (1995) Genes Dev. 9, 794-807], we have now demonstrated and identified a component capable of initiating the cascade by activating pro- @entity16372 . The urine from @entity43312 -/- @entity19 contained active two-chain @entity16372 as well as a proteinase capable of activating exogenously added pro- @entity16372 . The active component was purified and identified by mass spectrometry-based peptide mapping as @entity19 glandular @entity7199 @entity46651 (true tissue @entity7199 ). The pro- @entity16372 converting activity of the @entity46651 enzyme, as well as its ability to cleave a synthetic substrate for glandular @entity7199 , was inhibited by the @entity563 proteinase inhibitor @entity14630 but not by other @entity563 proteinase inhibitors such as aprotinin, antithrombin III, or alpha(1)-antitrypsin. We suggest that @entity19 glandular @entity7199 @entity46651 is an activator of pro- @entity16372 in the @entity19 urinary tract in vivo. Since this @entity7199 is expressed in a number of tissues and also occurs in plasma, it can also be considered a candidate for a physiological pro- @entity16372 activator in other locations.

title: Plasminogen-independent initiation of the pro-urokinase activation cascade in vivo. Activation of pro-urokinase by glandular @entity7199 ( XXXX ) in plasminogen-deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity14630 :: ('MESH:C032854', 'Chemical') :: ['leupeptin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

answer: @entity46651 :: (16612(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mGK-6']


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity4878 can induce differentiation of B cells in vitro as well as in vivo in @entity1 with common variable @entity465 (CVI). While changes were observed over 1 week when @entity1968 (RA) was added to CVI hybridoma cells in vitro, maturation of the @entity1 ' B-cell compartment in vivo occurred only after 4 months of drug administration. We have now performed a 64-week open trial of oral 13-cis RA in five @entity1 to see if prolonged treatment would result in continued improvement in their humoral immune compartment. In this trial, drug was given for 32 weeks followed by a 32-week wash-out period. During the treatment, the @entity1 showed changes in a variety of parameters indicating an alteration towards normal of their humoral immune systems. This change included a fall in the elevated circulating @entity650 ( @entity650 ) levels, a more normal display of B-cell surface markers ( @entity1196 and @entity2225 ), a decrease in B-cell size, and improved in vitro and in vivo B-cell function. In order to determine if VH gene use was affected by the @entity554 treatment, VH gene expression in the CVI @entity1 was characterized. Results showed an unusual predominance of non-mutated VH gene sequences, representative of cells that are recent bone marrow emigrants. While no common pattern of change occurred in VH gene segment use in the @entity1 while on retinoid therapy, large-scale (> 10-fold) changes in the expression of these genes were observed in each individual over time. Taken together, these results provide multiple lines of evidence that 13-cis RA promotes maturation of B cells in @entity1 with CVI. However, the effect appears to be partial, such that stimuli in addition to 13-cis RA will be necessary to provide for further B-cell differentiation in order to achieve normalization of humoral immunity.

title: Long-term administration of 13-cis @entity1968 in common variable @entity465 : circulating XXXX levels, B-cell surface molecule display, and in vitro and in vivo B-cell antibody production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: @entity5820 is a gram-positive coccobacillus that appears to be emerging as a pulmonary pathogen in @entity791 @entity1 . In four @entity1 clinical isolates, two antibiotic resistance phenotypes were found to coexist: one @entity3405 resistant and the other @entity3405 susceptible. In vitro, @entity3405 -resistant mutants were obtained at a frequency of 1 x 10(-5) to 5 x 10(-5) from @entity3405 -susceptible strains on @entity5821 -containing plates. Neither beta-lactamase nor plasmid DNA was detected in @entity3405 -resistant or -susceptible strains. The @entity114 -binding protein patterns for the two types of strains were identical. Electron microscopy revealed that the @entity3405 -resistant strains possessed cell-surface-associated appendages and produced phage-like particles. @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of total cell protein showed at least three additional bands of 42, 39, and 30 kDa found only in the @entity3405 -resistant strains. Testing for virulence in Swiss @entity19 revealed that (i) phage-like-particle-producing strains had lower 50% lethal doses when injected intravenously in euthymic and @entity19 than the non-phage-like-particle-producing strains did and (ii) intravenous inoculation of a sublethal dose (5 x 10(6) CFU) in @entity19 led to @entity281 by the phage-like-particle-producing bacteria only. Finally, in vitro growth curves indicated that the phage-like-particle-producing strains possessed an ecological selection advantage. These results suggest that, among @entity5820 @entity1 isolates, the antibiotic resistance phenotype is associated with virulence and may be phage mediated.

title: Correlation between antibiotic resistance, phage-like particle presence, and virulence in @entity5820 XXXX isolates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity5820 :: ('43767', 'Species') :: ['R. equi', 'Rhodococcus equi']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Molecular markers are the most powerful genomic tools to increase the efficiency and precision of breeding practices for crop improvement. Progress in the development of genomic resources in the leading legume crops of the @entity1712 ( @entity1712 ), namely, @entity13474 ( @entity13474 ), pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), as compared to other crop species like cereals, has been very slow. With the advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-throughput (HTP) genotyping methods, there is a shift in development of genomic resources including molecular markers in these crops. For instance, 2,000 to 3,000 novel simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers have been developed each for @entity13474 , pigeonpea and groundnut. Based on Sanger, 454/FLX and Illumina transcript reads, transcriptome assemblies have been developed for @entity13474 (44,845 transcript assembly contigs, or TACs) and pigeonpea (21,434 TACs). Illumina sequencing of some parental genotypes of mapping populations has resulted in the development of 120 million reads for @entity13474 and 128.9 million reads for pigeonpea. Alignment of these Illumina reads with respective transcriptome assemblies have provided more than 10,000 SNPs each in @entity13474 and pigeonpea. A variety of SNP genotyping platforms including GoldenGate, VeraCode and Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASPar) assays have been developed in @entity13474 and pigeonpea. By using above resources, the first-generation or comprehensive genetic maps have been developed in the three legume speciesmentioned above. Analysis of phenotyping data together with genotyping data has provided candidate markers for drought-tolerance-related root traits in @entity13474 , resistance to @entity66 in groundnut and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and fertility restoration in pigeonpea. Together with these traitassociated markers along with those already available, molecular breeding programmes have been initiated for enhancing drought tolerance, resistance to fusarium wilt and ascochyta blight in @entity13474 and resistance to @entity66 in groundnut. These trait-associated robust markers along with other genomic resources including genetic maps and genomic resources will certainly accelerate crop improvement programmes in the @entity1712 legumes.

title: Advances in genetics and molecular breeding of three legume crops of XXXX using next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping technologies.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['semi-arid tropics', 'SAT']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['foliar diseases', 'SMD', 'sterility mosaic disease']

entities_list: @entity13474 :: ('3827', 'Species') :: ['chickpea', 'Cicer arietinum']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['semi-arid tropics']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and its progressive degenerative course continue to generate pressure for alternative, more effective means of treatment. A confluence of factors, including the number of Americans with @entity712 , the spiraling costs of hospital care, and increasing interest in cost-effective home care, contribute to the current efforts to develop an effective, nontoxic therapy that effectively increases myocardial contractility and output and can be administered within the confines of the home. Given that preliminary clinical trials in the hospital setting with @entity11073 have produced positive results, the transition of this therapy to the home, when administered intermittently via central venous catheter and infusion pump, was undertaken. In order to prolong and increase quality of life in terminal @entity712 @entity1 , intermittent @entity11073 infusions were provided at home to four @entity1 as part of our pilot program. All four @entity1 met the criteria for New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV @entity712 , and none had responded to conventional therapy suitable for outpatient maintenance. The @entity1 also shared strong family support and an intense desire to improve the quality of remaining life. All four @entity1 and designated family members were trained in the specifics of aseptic technique, medication dose preparation, central venous catheter care, and operation of an infusion pump. An ambulatory pump was used in three of the four @entity1 . Subsequent to the initiation of intermittent home @entity11073 infusions, all four @entity1 had greater tolerance to limited exercise and/or ambulation secondary to increased cardiac output and diuresis. @entity1 survived 8, 10, 47, and 56 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Home intermittent @entity11073 infusions in terminal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if adjuvant interstitial @entity221 ( @entity6167 ) significantly improves survival of @entity1 with @entity463 undergoing brachytherapy boost after conventional radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Adults with newly-diagnosed, focal, @entity463 < or = 5 cm in diameter were registered postoperatively on a Phase II/III randomized trial and treated with partial brain radiotherapy to 59.4 Gy with oral @entity1862 . Those @entity1 whose @entity5 was still implantable after teletherapy were randomized to brachytherapy boost (60 Gy at 0.40-0.60 Gy/h) +/- @entity6167 for 30 min immediately before and after brachytherapy. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and survival from date of diagnosis were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: From 1990 to 1995, 112 eligible @entity1 were entered in the trial. @entity1 ages ranged from 21-78 years (median, 54 years) and KPS ranged from 70-100 (median, 90). Most commonly due to @entity5 progression or @entity1 refusal, 33 @entity1 were never randomized. Of the @entity1 , 39 were randomized to brachytherapy ("no heat") and 40 to brachytherapy + @entity6167 ("heat"). By intent to treat, @entity1054 and survival were significantly longer for "heat" than "no heat" (p = 0.04 and p = 0.04). For the 33 "no heat" @entity1 and 35 "heat" @entity1 who underwent brachytherapy boost, @entity1054 and survival were significantly longer for "heat" than "no heat" (p = 0.045 and p = 0.02, respectively; median survival 85 weeks vs. 76 weeks; 2-year survival 31% vs. 15%). A multivariate analysis for these 68 @entity1 adjusting for age and KPS showed that improved survival was significantly associated with randomization to "heat" (p = 0.008; hazard ratio 0.51). There were no Grade 5 @entity137 , 2 Grade 4 @entity137 (1 on each arm), and 7 Grade 3 @entity137 (1 on "no heat" and 6 on the "heat" arm). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant interstitial brain @entity6167 , given before and after brachytherapy boost, after conventional radiotherapy significantly improves survival of @entity1 with focal @entity463 , with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Survival benefit of @entity221 in a prospective randomized trial of brachytherapy boost +/- XXXX for @entity463 multiforme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'Time to progression']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['supratentorial glioblastoma', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: An experimental protocol of @entity857 -( @entity857 ) induced @entity1423 in the @entity19 was designed in order to study the roles played by @entity9937 ( @entity9937 ) and @entity14801 ( @entity14801 ) receptors in the @entity15486 -induced inhibition of ex vivo @entity1423 . The pressor effects of @entity15486 or @entity13071 were firstly determined in vivo in anesthetized ( @entity3652 / @entity4763 ) @entity2659 @entity19 (males and females; 25-30 g). All agents were administered intravenously (via the jugular vein) and blood samples were collected from the carotid artery into heparinized Eppendorfs (15 U/ml). To obtain platelet-rich plasma ( @entity21652 ) the blood was immediately centrifuged for 12 min at low speed (1100 g). Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was then prepared by centrifugation of the whole blood sample at high speed (3700 g) for 30 min. PPP was used to calibrate the aggregometer at 100% transmission. Platelet aggregation was monitored ex vivo as a change in light transmission through @entity21652 following the injection of @entity857 (5 microM). @entity15486 (0.01-2.0 nmol/kg) induced a significant and dose-dependent @entity1423 ex vivo (12-84%). The selective @entity14801 agonist, @entity13071 (0.05-2.0 nmol/kg), also triggered a marked @entity1423 . @entity3352 (10 mg/kg), a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, abolished the inhibitory effect of @entity15486 . The selective @entity9937 antagonist, @entity11344 (1 nmol/kg), abolished the in vivo pressor effect of exogenous @entity15486 , without affecting its anti-aggregatory activity. The selective @entity14801 antagonist, @entity11345 (0.5 nmol/kg), did not modify the elevation of blood pressure produced by the @entity15486 ; however, it did abrogate dose-dependently the inhibitory effect of @entity15486 on @entity1423 . These results suggest that the anti-aggregatory effect of @entity15486 , in anesthetized @entity2659 @entity19 , relies mainly upon the activation of @entity14801 receptors. The mechanism whereby @entity15486 exerts this effect, is partially indirect and requires at least the production and the release of @entity2918 (possibly @entity16540 ) into the blood stream.

title: @entity14801 -receptors-dependent- XXXX in the @entity2659 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of platelet aggregation', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate', 'ADP']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['inhibition of platelet aggregation']


abstract: Three trans isomers of @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) were added to @entity35 platelets stimulated with @entity1426 (AA) in order to compare their effects on @entity1423 and on AA oxygenation with those of @entity8393 . The production of metabolites from radiolabelled 20: @entity50096 17trans was studied also. @entity8393 induced an inhibition of @entity1423 of 26.7 +/- 6.6% for a 20:5/20:4 ratio equal to 1. The 20: @entity50096 11trans and the 20: @entity50096 11trans,17trans were twice as antiaggregant. In contrast, the 20: @entity50096 17trans induced similar antiaggregant effect as its cis homologue. Each @entity844 showed a dose-dependent effect. In opposition to @entity8393 , 20: @entity50096 17trans was also able to induce @entity1423 (12 +/- 4.9% at 5 microM). With regards to the metabolism of AA, 20: @entity50096 11trans, 20: @entity50096 17trans and 20: @entity50096 11trans,17trans (20:5/20:4 = 1) reduced the formation of the cyclooxygenase metabolites (-63%, -37% and -68%, respectively) and enhanced that of @entity11903 (+67%, +38% and +74%, respectively) as compared to @entity8393 . The analysis showed that radiolabelled 20: @entity50096 17trans was metabolized into five compounds which remained to be identified. The Rf of three of these compounds (X1, X2 and X4) were those of the metabolites of @entity8393 . Experiments using @entity19988 induced an inhibition of the production of X2. This suggested that this compound was formed through the 12-lipoxygenase pathway. In the same way, using @entity3352 as inhibitor, we observed that X1 and X4 were produced by the cyclooxygenase pathway. Our results suggest that the trans double bond in the delta 11 position may be responsible of the different physiological effects of the trans @entity1474 as compared to their cis homologue ( @entity8393 ). Furthermore, 20: @entity50096 17trans seems to be recognised by the enzymatic system as 20:4 n-6.

title: Effects of three trans isomers of XXXX on @entity35 @entity1423 and @entity1426 metabolism.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity19988 :: ('MESH:C006680', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalein']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity50096 :: ('5delta', 'DNAMutation') :: ['5delta']

answer: @entity7784 :: (MESH:D015118,Chemical) :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Impaired baroreflex function is associated with a shift in autonomic balance towards sympathetic dominance, which may play important role in the development of arterial @entity101 and consequent target organ damage. AIM: To determine the effect of treatment on the cardiovascular autonomic modulation expressed by baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) in @entity101 . METHODS: A  total of one hundred fourteen @entity101 @entity1 (58 male/56 female, 65      13  years of age, BMI 30      3.4  kg/m(2)) were enrolled. Control group of 20 subjects with normal blood pressure (BP) (ten male/ten female, 59      8  years of age, body mass index 28.3      2.5  kg/m(2)) without any treatment was also studied. @entity4375 and BRSf were determined by the sequence and spectral method: a 5-min on-invasive beat-to-beat recording of blood pressure and R-R interval with use of Collin CBM-7000 monitor, controlled breathing at a frequency of 0.1  Hz. RESULTS: Significant negative correlation between spontaneous @entity4375 and BP was present in @entity101 (r  =  -0.52, p  <  0.001). All cohort of @entity101 @entity1 had significantly lower @entity4375 than subjects with normal blood pressure (p  <  0.05). The greatest decline in @entity4375 values was in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity209 , who had @entity4375 values <5  ms/mmHg. @entity101 with hypercholesterolaemia on low dose @entity6817 therapy (atrovastatin 20  mg) had higher @entity4375 /BRSf values than @entity6817 free @entity1 (p  <  0.05). Only BRSf not @entity4375 was significantly increased in @entity101 with beta-blockers. CONCLUSION: An inverse correlation between blood pressure and @entity4375 is present in @entity101 . @entity4375 and BRSf is higher in low dose @entity6817 -treated @entity1 with essential @entity101 .

title: Effect of Low Dose Atorvastatin Therapy on Baroreflex Sensitivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'Hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensives']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcome of surgical treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) could be improved by applying @entity1 selection criteria based on @entity146 . Here we analyzed the prognostic role of the expression of several genes involved in cell-cycle regulation in a group of @entity1 with @entity157 . METHODS: We retrospectively studied 93 @entity1 (67 transplanted and 26 resections) treated between 1996 and 2000. In micro-thick sections from paraffin-embedded tumoral tissues, the expression of @entity876 , @entity996 , @entity986 , and @entity4910 was analyzed. A logistic regression model was used to detect factors related to @entity1350 . A Cox regression model was applied to identify pathologic and molecular factors with the capacity to predict the recurrence of @entity157 . RESULTS: Only @entity5 size>3 cm (odds ratio [OR]: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.2-9.9; P=0.019) and @entity996 expression (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.02-17; P=0.053) were associated with an increased risk of @entity1350 . The regression model applied to the group of transplanted @entity1 showed three factors that were independently related to recurrence: @entity1350 (OR 7.5; 95% CI: 1.1-51.8; P=0.039); @entity996 expression (OR: 11; 95% CI: 1.2-96.9; P=0.03); and @entity986 expression (OR: 69.7; 95% CI: 5.1-9448; P=0.001). In the group of resected @entity1 , @entity996 expression was associated with higher risk of recurrence only in the univariate analysis (P=0.037). The multivariate analysis showed @entity5 size>3 cm (OR: 57.5; 95% CI: 1.1-51.8; P=0.039) and @entity1350 (OR: 6.1; 95% CI: 1.05-35.3; P=0.044) to be significantly associated with recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Of the molecular factors studied, only @entity996 expression was useful as a predictive factor of @entity1350 in @entity1 with @entity157 , and also of recurrence in transplanted @entity1 with this @entity189 . @entity996 expression may be relevant to consider when selecting @entity1 for resection and when identifying transplanted @entity1 with a high risk of recurrence.

title: Utility of cell-cycle modulators to predict XXXX and recurrence after surgical treatment of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumoral aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1350 :: (MESH:D019043,Disease) :: ['vascular invasion']


abstract: @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) may protect against @entity731 , and modulation of endothelium function is one possible mechanism. @entity519 /reoxygenation (H/R) is a potential risk factor for the pathogenesis of @entity731 , and it causes @entity409 . To evaluate whether @entity8393 may improve the @entity409 under the condition of H/R, we examined endothelial gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), which is said to be important for the endothelium to maintain its normal function. The results indicate that H/R induced a temporal reduction in GJIC after 2 h of reoxygenation in cultured @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). This reduction in GJIC was not observed in cells pretreated with 3 microg/ml @entity8393 for 2 days. The results of immunofluorescence show that 2 h reoxygenation caused an increased production of @entity669 -phosphorylated proteins, which was inhibited by @entity8393 pretreatment. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that @entity669 residues of @entity495 ( @entity495 ), an important gap junctional protein in HUVEC, were phosphorylated by H/R. However, pretreatment with @entity8393 significantly suppressed this increased phosphorylation. The protective effect of @entity8393 on the reduction in GJIC was also observed in cells treated with 1.5 mM @entity8870 , a @entity669 phosphatase inhibitor. These data suggest that @entity8393 may ameliorate the H/R-induced @entity497 via inhibition of the @entity669 kinase activation.

title: Pretreatment with @entity7784 prevented XXXX /reoxygenation-induced abnormality in endothelial gap junctional intercellular communication through inhibiting the @entity669 kinase activity.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['Eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['GJIC abnormality']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadate']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to relate dose-dependent hepatotoxicity stemming from prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of the cyclic heptapeptide @entity16588 (Mcyst) to hepatic Mcyst concentrations and protein phosphatase activity. Mcyst is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase types 1 and 2A ( @entity35330 and PP2A). Twenty male @entity35 were infused continuously with 0, 3, 6, or 9 micrograms Mcyst/day for 28 days using intraperitoneal mini-osmotic pumps containing highly purified toxin or saline. At the end of 28 days, dose-dependent increases in several serum biochemical tests including @entity5121 dehydrogenase, @entity492 aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and @entity3645 had occurred. Serum albumin decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. Liver activity of both @entity35330 and PP2A decreased in a dose-dependent manner, but with a relatively greater effect on PP2A than @entity35330 . Liver cytosol Mcyst concentrations, measured by direct competitive ELISA, also increased in a dose-dependent manner, although at a higher rate than would be predicted from the incremental increase in dose given. This disproportional increase is suggestive of the bioaccumulation of Mcyst with increasing dose. @entity854 included hepatocellular apoptosis and cytosolic vacuolation of principally zone 3 hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical stains revealed Mcyst predominantly within pericanalicular regions of zone 3 hepatocytes. It was concluded that prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of Mcyst results in multiple dose-dependent hepatotoxic effects that correspond to decreased hepatic @entity563 / @entity1889 protein phosphatase activity and increasing cytosolic Mcyst concentrations. The disproportional increase of hepatic Mcyst concentrations observed may suggest the bioaccumulation of toxin and an increasing relative risk of hepatotoxicity with increasing dose.

title: Prolonged sublethal exposure to the protein phosphatase inhibitor XXXX results in multiple dose-dependent hepatotoxic effects.

entities_list: @entity16588 :: ('MESH:C057862', 'Chemical') :: ['microcystin-LR']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Histopathological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity16588 :: (MESH:C057862,Chemical) :: ['microcystin-LR']


abstract: The role of protein kinase C in the regulation of osteoclast function is not known. We therefore compared the effect of @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), which activates protein kinase C, on the resorptive function, motility, and morphology of osteoclasts from @entity35 and @entity1573 . @entity4515 caused a significant reduction in resorption pit number in both species; @entity35 osteoclasts were more sensitive, being significantly inhibited at doses of 10(-9)-10(-6) M compared with 10(-7)-10(-6) M for @entity1573 osteoclasts. The inactive analog @entity4515 -alpha was without significant effect, and inhibition was not blocked by 10(-6) M @entity3352 . In time course experiments, inhibition at 24 h was similar to or greater than inhibition at 6 h, indicating a persistent or progressive effect on bone resorption. Removal of @entity4515 after 6 h prompted partial recovery of bone-resorptive ability in @entity1573 osteoclasts but not @entity35 , at least over a 48 h incubation. In time-lapse video studies of @entity35 osteoclasts, 10(-6) M @entity4515 produced an immediate but transient cessation of motility and retraction of the cell margin into prominent filopodia. Motility resumed within 2.5 h after addition, but the osteoclasts remained partially contracted. @entity1573 osteoclasts behaved similarly but showed no formation of filopodia at the cell periphery and a more rapid recovery of motility than @entity35 osteoclasts; @entity1573 osteoclasts also underwent a transient vacuolation following @entity4515 exposure, whereas @entity35 osteoclasts did not. Despite differences in the sensitivity of @entity35 and @entity1573 osteoclasts to @entity4515 , these results suggest a fundamental role for protein kinase C in the inhibition of osteoclasts from both species.

title: Effects of @entity4514 on @entity35 and XXXX osteoclasts.

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1320 is generally considered a major risk factor for dehiscence of primary colon @entity254 . To elucidate the indications for nutritional support during @entity1320 , we investigated the healing of anastomoses in an animal model. METHODS: Twenty male @entity35 (280-320 g) underwent cecal ligation and single puncture. After 24 hours the perforated cecum was removed, and the left colon was transected and anastomosed in a single-layer inverted fashion. Animals were randomly assigned to receive both chow and water (early-fed group; n = 10) or water alone for the first 72 hours and chow thereafter (late-fed group; n = 10). Colon-bursting pressure was measured five days after the @entity254 , at which time the @entity254 was excised. RESULTS: The survival rate after cecal ligation and single puncture was 100 percent, and blood cultures were positive in 20 percent of animals five days after surgery. All data are expressed as means +/- standard error of the mean. Body weight increased more in the early-fed group than in the late-fed group (15.6+/-3 vs. -6.3+/-2.8 g; P < 0.001). Early feeding resulted in increased anastomotic bursting pressure (200+/-11 vs. 161+/-12 mmHg; P < 0.05) and total collagen concentration at the site of @entity254 (2.36+/-0.09 vs. 2.01+/-0.07 microg/mg wet tissue; P < 0.01) compared with the late-fed group. CONCLUSION: Early feeding has a positive effect on anastomotic healing in the presence of @entity295 . The mechanism by which early feeding enhances the colonic anastomotic healing is unclear, although preservation of colonic collagen seems to play a significant role.

title: Effect of early postoperative feeding on the healing of colonic anastomoses in the presence of @entity1320 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal sepsis', 'Intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal sepsis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms producing hemodynamic changes during epidural anesthesia are incompletely understood. This study examines the sympathetic block and splanchnic venodilatation that result from extensive thoracolumbar epidural anesthesia in @entity95 using direct measurements of sympathetic efferent nerve activity (SENA) and mesenteric @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ). METHODS: Epidural catheters were inserted in @entity95 anesthetized with @entity4486 , paralyzed with @entity3369 , and receiving mechanical ventilation. Arterial pressure was monitored with a femoral cannula, heart rate was determined from the pressure signal, SENA was measured from a postganglionic splanchnic nerve, and @entity2994 was measured from segments of ileum externalized in situ. Epidural anesthesia was induced with 0.4 ml/kg @entity3303 , using concentrations of either 0.5, 1, or 1.5%. Control animals received intramuscular @entity3303 in a dose of either 6 or 15 mg/kg. After recovery from epidural anesthesia, complete sympathetic blockade was induced by systemic administration of the ganglionic blocker @entity4033 (HX). Individual groups included from five to eight animals. RESULTS: A mild decrease in arterial pressure and SENA followed the larger dose of intramuscular @entity3303 , but no changes occurred in @entity2994 in the control animals exposed to systemic @entity3303 at levels comparable to that in the epidural groups (0.96-3.58 micrograms/ml). Epidural injectate extended from T2 to L5. All concentrations of epidural @entity3303 produced comparable degrees of @entity551 (-53.5 to -61.4%), decreased SENA (-82.6 to -95.5%), and increased @entity2994 (7.5 to 10.2%). The duration of the changes was greater with more concentrated @entity3303 . @entity4033 produced changes in arterial pressure and @entity2994 comparable to those evoked by epidural anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural anesthesia increases splanchnic venous capacitance by markedly decreasing splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity.

title: Effects of epidural and systemic @entity3303 on sympathetic activity and mesenteric circulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexamethonium', 'hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein diameter', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Although experience is still limited, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for recurrent @entity393 in the @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) may represent a significant advance. @entity1701 was widely recognized only fifteen years ago. @entity393 and @entity715 are the prominent clinical features. Initially, @entity229 was used for treatment of @entity393 , but matemal and fetal complications stimulated searches for alternative therapy. Subcutaneous heparin and low dose @entity117 was next utilized, but although efficacious, there is still a 30% failure rate, and @entity1592 , prematurity, and @entity1468 are relatively frequent. In the late 1980's, there were a number of case reports of successful pregnancy outcomes after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) but regimens differed. Series from two centers have confirmed these initial findings and treatment regimens have become more consistent. Both centers have reported success with doses of 400 mg/kg/day for 5 days or 1 g/kg/day for two days each month initiated during the first or early second trimester. Success rates of 70-100% have been reported, and complications such as @entity1468 , @entity1592 , and premature births appear reduced, when compared to @entity229 and low dose @entity117 or heparin and low dose @entity117 . Several @entity1 who were treated with IVIg also received heparin, making it uncertain whether heparin may also need to be added to IVIg. Intravenous immunoglobulin is safe, but expensive. Despite its expense, if IVIG is shown to markedly decrease matemal and fetal morbidity, it may be the logical treatment of choice to prevent @entity393 in @entity1701 .

title: Utilization of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy to treat recurrent XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'Antiphospholipid Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss', 'Pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['pregnancy loss in the antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) remains a common hazardous complication in mechanically ventilated @entity1 and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of toothbrushing as a component of oral care on the prevention of @entity2489 in adult critically ill @entity1 . METHODS: A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase (up to April 2012) was conducted. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials of mechanically ventilated adult @entity1 receiving oral care with toothbrushing. Relative risks (RRs), @entity353 ( @entity353 ), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed with the I(2) test. RESULTS: Four studies with a total of 828 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Toothbrushing did not significantly reduce the incidence of @entity2489 (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.21) and intensive care unit mortality (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.10). Toothbrushing was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in duration of mechanical ventilation (WMD, -0.88 days; 95% CI, -2.58 to 0.82), length of intensive care unit stay (WMD, -1.48 days; 95% CI, -3.40 to 0.45), antibiotic-free day (WMD, -0.52 days; 95% CI, -2.82 to 1.79), or mechanical ventilation-free day (WMD, -0.43 days; 95% CI, -1.23 to 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: Oral care with toothbrushing versus without toothbrushing does not significantly reduce the incidence of @entity2489 and alter other important clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated @entity1 . However, the results should be interpreted cautiously since relevant evidence is still limited, although accumulating. Further large-scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials are urgently needed.

title: Impact of oral care with versus without toothbrushing on the prevention of XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMDs', 'weighted mean differences']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history and timing of severe involvement of the kidney, heart, lung, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and skin in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ) and diffuse cutaneous involvement. METHODS: This study used the Pittsburgh @entity2631 Databank and included @entity1 with @entity7087 who were seen between January 1, 1972 and December 31, 1995. @entity1 had frequent follow-ups, and a 95% accountability for these @entity1 was maintained. Severe organ involvement was defined as the presence of any of the following: 1) in the kidney, @entity2631 "renal crisis"; 2) in the heart, @entity296 , symptomatic @entity2396 , or an @entity943 requiring treatment; 3) in the lung, pulmonary @entity82 on chest radiograph and a forced vital capacity of <55% of predicted; 4) in the GI tract, @entity8884 , repeated episodes of @entity8442 , or severe problems requiring hyperalimentation; and 5) in the skin, a modified Rodnan skin score >40. The timing from disease onset to survival for each case of severe organ involvement was determined. RESULTS: Of the 953 @entity1 with @entity7087 , kidney involvement developed in 177 (19%), heart involvement in 143 (15%), lung involvement in 151 (16%), GI tract involvement in 74 (8%), and skin involvement in 233 (24%). Severe skin and kidney involvement occurred during the first 3 years in 70% of those who ever developed these problems throughout a mean of 10 years of followup. Severe heart, lung, and GI tract involvement developed during the first 3 years in 45-55% of those who were ever affected. The survival of @entity1 with severe organ involvement was poor. The 9-year cumulative survival rate of all @entity1 with severe organ involvement was 38%, compared with 72% in @entity1 without such involvement (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that severe organ involvement in @entity785 @entity1 with @entity7087 most often occurs early in the course of the disease. Survival for @entity1 with severe organ involvement is markedly reduced. @entity1 should therefore be monitored very closely during the first 3 years of disease for signs and symptoms that may signal the subsequent development of severe organ damage. Potential disease-modifying therapies must be initiated early to modify the natural history of @entity785 and to improve survival. @entity1 who survive the first few years without developing severe organ involvement are less likely to develop such life-threatening involvement later in the disease course.

title: Severe organ involvement in XXXX with @entity7087 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoobstruction']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Scleroderma', 'scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the use of resorbable @entity77 with and without bone grafting in @entity2419 in @entity95 as a guide to regeneration of the mucoperiosteal tissue and bone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighteen @entity95 were used in the experiment. A 1-cm wide region of mucoperiosteum, nasal mucosa, and bone between the incisor and premolar teeth was excised from the left side of the palate to create a defect. These gaps were left open and unfilled in 6 animals as a control (group 1). Defects in a second group of 6 animals were packed with @entity77 (group 2). The @entity154 in a third group of 6 animals were filled with @entity291 demineralized xenographic bone particles, and the soft tissue gaps were covered with @entity77 (group 3). The various sites were evaluated clinically at 1, 3, and 4 weeks, and then at 3 months after surgery. All animals were killed at the 3 months period, and the sites were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: The @entity77 had resorbed and the mucoperiosteal margins of the defects in both experimental groups had regenerated and the soft tissue gaps were closed at 4 weeks. @entity154 in group 3 showed complete bone regeneration compared with @entity154 in group 2. Defects in the control group showed persistent oronasal fistulae and fibrous healing. CONCLUSION: Open @entity130 in @entity95 packed with @entity77 can heal uneventfully, and the gaps can be closed successfully.

title: Closure of @entity2419 without a surgical flap: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['osseous defects', 'Osseous defects']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity77 :: ('MESH:D002133', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatal defects']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['mucoperiosteal wounds']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: PURPOSES: To describe ocular features, management of @entity231 and functional outcomes in @entity1 with persistent fetal vasculature. METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive case series of @entity1 with persistent fetal vasculature. Data were recorded from the Congenital Cataract Section of Federal University of S  o Paulo, Brazil from 2001 to 2012. All @entity1 were evaluated for sex, age at diagnosis, systemic findings, laterality, age at surgery, and initial and final follow-up visual acuities. Follow-up and complications after @entity231 surgery were recorded. Ultrasound was performed in all cases and ocular eco-Doppler was performed in most. RESULTS: The study comprised 53 eyes from 46 @entity1 . Age at diagnosis ranged from 5 days of life to 10 years-old (mean 22.7 months). Twenty-seven @entity1 were male (58.7%). Persistent fetal vasculature was bilateral in 7 @entity1 (15.2%). Forty-two eyes (79.2%) had combined (anterior and posterior forms) PFV presentation, 5 eyes (9.4%) had only anterior persistent fetal vasculature presentation and 6 eyes (11.3%) had posterior persistent fetal vasculature presentation. Thirty-eight eyes (71.7%) were submitted to @entity231 surgery. Lensectomy combined with anterior vitrectomy was performed in 18 eyes (47.4%). Phacoaspiration with intraocular lens implantation was performed in 15 eyes (39.5%), and without lens implantation in 5 eyes (13.2%). Mean follow-up after surgery was 44 months. @entity260 were @entity5862 (3 cases), @entity1713 (2 cases), @entity1907 (3 cases), @entity16433 (8 cases), @entity47396 (5 cases), @entity726 (4 cases), intraocular lens implantation displacement (1 case) and @entity548 (2 cases). Complications were identified in 19 (50%) of the 38 operated eyes. Visual acuity improved after @entity231 surgery in 83% of the eyes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with persistent fetal vasculature have variable clinical presentation. There is an association of persistent fetal vasculature with @entity231 . Severe complications are related to @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with persistent fetal vasculature, but 83% of the operated eyes improved visual acuity.

title: Persistent fetal vasculature: ocular features, management of XXXX and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract', 'congenital cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity47396 :: ('MESH:C562700', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pupillary membrane']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['posterior synechiae']

entities_list: @entity16433 :: ('MESH:D057851', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsular opacification']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']