abstract: CONTEXT: Models have been developed to predict the probability that a @entity1 carries a detectable germline mutation in the @entity5345 or @entity2674 genes. Their relative performance in a clinical setting is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance characteristics of four @entity5345 / @entity2674 gene mutation prediction models: LAMBDA, based on a checklist and scores developed from data on Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) @entity1 ; BRCAPRO, a Bayesian computer program; modified Couch tables based on regression analyses; and @entity1605 tables collated by Myriad Genetics Laboratories. DESIGN AND SETTING: Family @entity5 history data were analyzed from 200 probands from the Mayo Clinic @entity5 Program, in a multispecialty tertiary care group practice. All probands had clinical testing for @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutations conducted in a single laboratory. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: For each model, performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) and by tests of accuracy and dispersion. Cases "missed" by one or more models (model predicted less than 10% probability of mutation when a mutation was actually found) were compared across models. RESULTS: All models gave similar areas under the ROC curve of 0.71 to 0.76. All models except LAMBDA substantially under-predicted the numbers of carriers. All models were too dispersed. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of ranking, all prediction models performed reasonably well with similar performance characteristics. Model predictions were widely discrepant for some families. Review of @entity5 family histories by an experienced clinician continues to be vital to ensure that critical elements are not missed and that the most appropriate risk prediction figures are provided.

title: Predicting @entity5345 and @entity2674 gene mutation carriers: comparison of LAMBDA, BRCAPRO, XXXX , and modified Couch models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Familial Cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1605 :: (OMIM:217000,Disease) :: ['Myriad II']


abstract: The bizarre @entity9236 of the hand and foot is a benign lesion which occasionally may @entity705 , @entity511 or @entity421 clinically, radiologically and histopathologically. This rare benign entity should be recognized in order to avoid unwarranted destructive therapy. The authors report a case of this disease and discuss the differential diagnosis and the relevant features of this disease entity. A 27-year-old female @entity1 suffered from a @entity158 at the proximal middle phalanx of the right middle finger for five months. The lesion was excised but the residual lesion developed a distinct parosteal growth by radiologic studies one-and-a-half years later. The @entity1 underwent reexcision of the lesion twice. No recurrence was noted 11 months following the last excision. Histopathologically, the first specimen contained bizarre chondrocytes. The recurrent @entity5 , submitted in the second and third operations, were composed of cancellous bone with fatty marrow and a few marrow elements, and focally capped by cartilage. The adjacent soft tissue contained proliferating fibrous tissue. The osteochondral junctions in the latter two specimens were irregular. We believe that the documentation of this @entity5 at different stages of development has helped in the further understanding of this rare entity.

title: Bizarre XXXX of the phalanx: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['mimic osteochondromas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nodular tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful swelling']

entities_list: @entity9236 :: ('MESH:C565054', 'Disease') :: ['parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation']

answer: @entity9236 :: (MESH:C565054,Disease) :: ['parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze risk factors for neck metastases in @entity1 with @entity189 . DESIGN: Cohort of @entity1 followed up from 1 to 366.2 months at a single institution. SETTING: Referral center, private or institutional practice, hospitalized care. @entity1 : A total of 145 @entity1 with @entity189 with complete clinical and pathological information. The histological diagnosis was reviewed according to the World Health Organization classification for @entity5 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 were treated by surgery alone (62 cases) or with postoperative radiotherapy (83 cases). A neck dissection was performed in 80 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Rates of neck lymph node @entity3 . Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using logistic regression evaluating the significance of demographic, clinical, and pathological data. RESULTS: The following variables were significantly associated to the risk of lymph node @entity3 by univariate analysis: histological type (P<.001), T stage (P<.001), desmoplasia (P = .001), @entity3541 (P = .02), perineural invasion (P = .01), extraparotid @entity5 extension (P = .02), and @entity39 (P = .003). By multivariate analysis, histological type (P<.001), T stage (P = .03), and desmoplasia (P = .006) had the highest correlation with lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The significant risk factors for neck @entity3 in parotid @entity189 were histological type (ie, @entity420 , @entity189 , high-grade @entity3975 , @entity957 , and @entity189 ), T stage (T3 and T4), and desmoplasia (severe).

title: Multivariate analysis of risk factors for neck metastases in surgically treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'salivary gland tumors']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['salivary duct carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'parotid carcinomas', 'undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['parotid carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: The thoracic aorta is an important site of @entity731 in @entity1 with homozygous @entity753 (HFH). @entity1514 @entity731 in @entity1 with HFH was assessed with contrast-enhanced MR angiograms using exoscopic and endoscopic virtual angioscopy reconstructions and maximum intensity projections (MIPs). METHOD: Contrast-enhanced MR angiograms of the thoracic aorta of 15 @entity1 with HFH and 8 normal volunteers were obtained. Perspective surface reconstructions of the MR angiograms including virtual angioscopy views were evaluated by three radiologists blinded to the diagnosis. RESULTS: @entity1514 wall irregularity was depicted on 8 of 15 (53%) @entity1 scans and only 1 of 8 (13%) normal subject scans using surface reconstructions. Wall irregularity scores of @entity1 with HFH were significantly increased compared with controls (2.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.6; p = 0.008). There was excellent interobserver agreement (weighted kappa = 0.82 +/- 0.12). Virtual endoscopy views added diagnostic confidence compared with exoscopic surface renderings alone. MIP reconstructions were unable to depict wall irregularity. CONCLUSION: MR angiography with virtual angioscopy of the thoracic aorta depicts nonstenotic wall irregularity of thoracic @entity731 in @entity1 with HFH. This may be important for assessing disease progression and response to treatment and may be generalizable to routine (non-HFH) @entity731 .

title: MR virtual angioscopy of thoracic XXXX in homozygous @entity753 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'aortic atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['aortic atherosclerosis']


abstract: This is the second update of a study of 3,444 @entity46587 miners and millers who were first exposed to @entity46587 , with associated exposures to @entity3440 and nonasbestiform amphiboles, in the period 1947 through 1958. Previous analyses of @entity204 through 1977, and again through 1983, showed no significant excess @entity204 from any specific causes. The present study continues the follow-up through 1988, adding 14,748 @entity1 -years of observation and 261 death certificates for analysis. The population, reduced to 3,431 because of the detection of 13 earlier duplications, has now been observed for 101,055 @entity1 -years, with 1,058 @entity204 and 1,039 death certificates. Death certificates were obtained for 98.2% of those known to be dead. The total number of @entity204 was significantly fewer than expected. Based on US rates, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 83 (ie, 83% of expected). Based on Minnesota death rates, it was 91. With both US and Minnesota death rates, the SMRs for @entity5 , @entity5 of the respiratory tract, @entity5 of the digestive system, @entity299 , nonmalignant @entity1576 , and @entity1575 were all below 100. Slightly elevated SMRs were found for @entity694 , @entity703 , and @entity5 . These elevations were not statistically significant. Separate analyses were made of @entity2 @entity204 , and @entity703 @entity204 in @entity1 who had worked with @entity46587 for time periods of less than 1 year, 1-5 years, 5-10 years, and over 10 years, during observation periods less than 10 years, 10-20 years, and over 20 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: An updated study of XXXX miners and millers exposed to @entity3440 and non-asbestiform amphiboles.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopoietic cancer', 'cancer', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['total deaths, lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the colon']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the kidney', 'kidney cancer']

answer: @entity46587 :: (MESH:C026703,Chemical) :: ['taconite']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Preclinical and clinical data indicate that @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) is a bona fide molecular target for @entity14 ( @entity14 ). @entity1160 may decrease chemotherapy-associated @entity294 . This study was designed to address whether the addition of @entity12698 , a @entity3840 inhibitor, and @entity1160 would improve the efficacy and decrease the @entity137 of the @entity2600 , @entity1487 and @entity4181 (IFL) regimen. METHODS: All @entity1 received the original IFL regimen plus @entity12698 (400 mg, po, every 12 h continuously while on trial) and @entity1160 (10 g, po, every 8 h continuously while on chemotherapy). RESULTS: Of the 41 @entity1 enrolled, 40 @entity1 received between 1 and 6 cycles of treatment. This regimen was associated with significant @entity137 : 45.0% had grade 3 @entity294 , 35.0% grade 3/4 @entity1398 , 22.5% hospitalization, 10.0% deep vein @entity715 and 2 treatment-related @entity204 . The overall response rate was 47.2%. The median progression-free survival was 6.7 months. The median overall survival was 16.3 months. The 12-month overall survival rate was 54.8%. @entity3840 expression was present in 63.2% of the specimens evaluated. There was no significant correlation between @entity3840 expression and response to chemotherapy (p = 0.739). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity12698 and @entity1160 appears not to improve the efficacy or decrease the @entity137 of IFL for the treatment of metastatic @entity14 .

title: A phase II trial of @entity2600 , @entity1487 and @entity4181 combined with XXXX and @entity1160 as first-line therapy for advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: @entity21276 ( @entity21276 ) agonists were found to have remarkable anti- @entity28 and anti- @entity6 effects in rodents shortly after their discovery in the early 1980s. Despite these promising qualities, several pharmaceutical problems and theoretical concerns have slowed the development of these products as therapeutic agents in @entity1 during the last 15 years. To date, the pharmaceutical industry has not been successful in developing a @entity21276 agonist for use in the treatment of @entity1 @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . Pharmaceutical problems in this area concern important differences between rodent and @entity1 @entity21276 and the difficulty in finding a compound with sufficient bioavailability that is a highly selective and full agonist at the @entity1 receptor. Some of these problems seem to have been solved with the cloning of the @entity1 @entity21276 , which has made it possible to develop novel compounds directly and specifically against the @entity1 receptor. However, several theoretical concerns still remain. These include the major question as to whether the number of biologically active beta 3-ARs in adult @entity1 is sufficient to produce relevant metabolic effects and, if so, whether their long-term stimulation is safe and free of unwarranted side effects. In addition, the mechanisms of action of @entity21276 agonists remain poorly understood. Recent studies using CL 316,243, a highly selective beta 3-adrenergic compound, have provided new insights into the potential mechanisms of action of these drugs in rodents as well as the first evidence that treatment with a highly selective @entity21276 agonist exerts relevant metabolic effects in @entity1 . It appears that chronic beta 3-adrenergic stimulation in white adipose tissue increases the expression of newly discovered mitochondrial uncoupling proteins ( @entity50586 ) and a "reawakening" of dormant brown adipocytes. In addition, beta 3-ARs may be present in skeletal muscle where ectopic expression of @entity1629 has been reported. If these findings are confirmed, tissues other than brown fat may play an important role in mediating beta 3-adrenergic effects on thermogenesis and substrate oxidation. In @entity1 , treatment with CL 316,243 for 8 weeks, in spite of limited bioavailability, induced marked plasma concentration-dependent @entity1720 , lipolysis, and fat oxidation in lean volunteers, without causing @entity21277 -mediated side effects. These results clearly indicate that favourable metabolic effects can be achieved by selective @entity21276 stimulation in @entity1 . The compounds of the next generation currently emerging from preclinical development are full agonists at the @entity1 @entity21276 . These agents have demonstrated promising results in non- @entity1 primates. It will be interesting to see whether their efficacy in clinical trials is superior to that achieved with previous (rodent) @entity21276 agonists and, if so, whether their effects will eventually translate into @entity353 and improved metabolic control that could facilitate their use as effective drugs for the treatment of @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 in @entity1 .

title: Development of @entity21276 agonists for the treatment of @entity28 and XXXX --an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity21276 :: ('155', 'Gene') :: ['beta 3-AR', 'Beta 3-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increases in insulin sensitivity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Progressive loss of the differentiated phenotype and communication with stroma accompanies the transition of nonmalignant @entity35 prostate epithelial cells to anaplastic, @entity5 . Here we show that cell surface expression of the @entity10703 ( @entity10703 ) @entity669 kinase is reduced in @entity5 cell populations (type II) and undetectable at the mRNA level in 30% of cells. This is in addition to the irreversible loss by splice switching of the @entity10703 ectodomain that abrogates response to @entity11943 and homologues from the stroma. One hundred % of type II malignant cells express @entity10702 , which is normally expressed in the stroma. Expression of the @entity10702 kinase in premalignant type I @entity5 epithelial cells by transfection accelerated progression to the malignant phenotype. In contrast to the @entity10703 kinase fused to the ectodomain of @entity10702 , the @entity10702 kinase failed initially to support a mitogenic response to @entity664 in type I @entity5 cells. However, the @entity10702 -transfected cells acquired a mitogenic response after extensive proliferation of the cell population. Resident @entity10703 and ectopic @entity10702 appeared to be partitioned in the type I cells, because neither full-length nor truncated isoforms of @entity10702 affected the mitogenic response of the other. Restoration of the FGFR2IIIb kinase to malignant cells expressing @entity10702 @entity308 growth rates, restored responsiveness to stromal cells, and restored epithelial cell differentiation. These observations reveal that homologous @entity10702 and @entity10703 kinases play very different roles in cell growth and differentiation and in development and support of the malignant phenotype.

title: XXXX limits and receptor 1 accelerates tumorigenicity of prostate epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity10703 :: ('25022(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['FGFR2', 'fibroblast growth factor receptor 2']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity10703 :: (25022(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2']


abstract: We sought to determine whether osteoblasts (OBs) can serve as accessory cells (ACs) for T-cell activation and whether T cells directly activate OB production of @entity650 , using primary @entity1 OBs (NHOst), the transformed fetal osteoblast line hFOB1.19, and an @entity421 line SaOS-2. Robust, bidirectional activating interactions were shown using each of these three @entity1 ostoblast lines. INTRODUCTION: Osteoblasts (OBs) could come into contact with lymphocytes during inflammatory joint destruction and @entity174 repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used several in vitro assays to assess the ability of T cells and OBs to interact in the generation of immune and inflammatory responses. RESULTS: By flow cytometry, three OB cell lines all were found to express ligands for T-cell co-stimulation. The integrin ligand @entity2071 / @entity2071 was constitutively expressed by hFOB1.19 and NHOst and was upregulated on SaOS-2 by @entity379 . MHC Class II was upregulated on all three lines by @entity379 . @entity2394 / @entity2394 , a ligand of the T-cell molecule @entity7279 , was constitutively expressed on all three lines. A second putative @entity7279 ligand designated 3A11 was expressed on hFOB1.19 and NHOst, but not consistently on SaOS-2. The ectoenzyme @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) was expressed on hFOB1.19 and NHOst, but not on SaOS-2. All three cell lines presented superantigen to T cells, especially after treatment with @entity379 . Superantigen presentation was inhibited by antibodies to the leukocyte integrin @entity1453 / @entity1454 ( @entity1453 ), MHC Class II, and @entity2071 / @entity2071 . T cells, particularly when cytokine activated for 7 days before co-culture, stimulated all three osteoblast lines to produce @entity650 , and this effect was boosted when @entity4155 was added to the co-cultures with either resting T cells or cytokine-activated T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Bidirectional activating interactions are readily shown between @entity1 T cells and several types of @entity1 OBs. The expression by OBs of ligands for the T cell-specific molecule @entity7279 , as well as other molecules involved in immune interactions, strongly suggests that such in vitro interactions are representative of physiologic or pathologic events that occur in vivo.

title: Immunocompetent properties of XXXX osteoblasts: interactions with T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase IV', 'CD26']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A large proportion of @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) have a large and poorly contracting left ventricle. The noninvasive recognition of the @entity63 etiology of such @entity1 is difficult, and for this purpose, usually @entity1 undergo coronary angiography. It has been shown that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can detect myocardial scarring by evaluating late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE). The diagnostic accuracy of such method in differentiating the etiology of @entity712 has not been previously tested in an unselected @entity712 ambulatory population. METHODS: We studied 60 ambulatory @entity1 consecutively enrolled from a specialized @entity712 clinic. We included @entity712 @entity1 who were found to have increased left ventricular (LV) dimensions and reduced function. CMR was performed in these @entity1 by operators who were unaware of @entity1 ' history and clinical conditions. LV dimensions and global and regional function, as well as the pattern of LGE, were obtained in each subject. Coronary angiography was subsequently performed in all the @entity1 . The diagnostic accuracy of clinical history and electrocardiographic patterns, as well as regional wall motion abnormalities, wall thinning, and LGE, in differentiating @entity453 ( @entity453 ) from non- @entity453 @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: The majority of @entity453 @entity1 (98%) showed LV contrast hyperenhancement with respect to non- @entity453 @entity712 subjects (16%). The detection of LGE by CMR had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 84% and an overall accuracy of 93% in detecting @entity453 etiology among @entity712 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: LGE is able to accurately differentiate @entity453 from non- @entity453 etiology of @entity712 and may represent a clinically useful noninvasive tool for this purpose. As it provides relevant functional information as well as insight into the etiology, CMR may be included among the most important diagnostic tools in the workup of @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: Identification of the XXXX etiology of @entity712 by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: diagnostic accuracy of late @entity2287 enhancement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: This study examines the relationship between @entity154 of cleaving embryos and their ability to form apparently normal blastocysts in vitro. The impact of cleavage rate, @entity1949 , and multinucleation on compaction, cavitation, along with inner cell mass and trophectoderm formation has been assessed. The study population consisted of 102 @entity1 who elected or were selected to have a day 5 embryo transfer. Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were 66.7 and 49% respectively. Slow and fast cleavage had a significant negative association with normal blastocyst formation. Only 13.8% (67/484) of embryos with <7 cells and 27.5% (25/91) of those with >9 cells on day 3 formed blastocysts with apparently normal morphology, compared to 41.9% (252/602) with 7-9 cells on day 3 (P < 0.001). Fragmentation had a negative impact on normal blastocyst formation. Embryos with >15% @entity1949 formed normal blastocysts at a significantly lower rate (46/279; 16.5%) than embryos with 0-15% @entity1949 (311/935; 33.3%) (P < 0. 001). Furthermore, the pattern of @entity1949 was associated with blastocyst formation. Type IV @entity1949 led to a significant reduction in blastocyst formation (25/170 or 14.7%), compared to types I, II and III which performed much better (38.6, 32.9 and 32.4% respectively). Only 15.9% (22/138) of embryos with one or more multinucleate cells on day 2 and/or 3 formed normal blastocysts compared with 31.9% (335/1051) (P < 0.001) of those without multinucleation. Collectively, the data suggest that @entity154 , some of which do not preclude development after short-term culture, may reduce the developmental competence of embryos after prolonged culture.

title: XXXX in early @entity1 embryos and survival after prolonged culture in-vitro.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cleavage anomalies', 'common morphological anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Cleavage anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macroencapsulation is a strategy to protect transplanted islets from rejection and autoimmune attack. This study addresses questions about the survival and function of macroencapsulated syngeneic islets. METHODS: Planar immunobarrier membrane diffusion devices were used for syngeneic islet transplantation. After being mixed with a 1% alginate solution, a total of 250, 500, 750 or 1000 islets were loaded into the devices, which were implanted into the epididymal fat pad(s) of @entity3839 @entity6 @entity19 . RESULTS: The success rate for restoration of normoglycemia at week 4 was highest for the recipients receiving two devices, each with 500 islets. Loading 750 or 1000 islets provided no improvement over loading 500 islets in a single device. Devices containing 250 islets were rarely successful. There was a striking tendency of transplants to either bring @entity413 levels into the near normal range or to fail with marked @entity4854 . After an overnight fast at 1 and 4 weeks, but not at 12 weeks, @entity4053 was found. The insulin content of devices from animals with normalized @entity413 values was higher than the insulin content in failed devices. Islet volume was maintained for 12 weeks, and @entity82 did not increase. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively small mass of macroencapsulated islet tissue can survive and function well enough to normalize @entity413 levels for at least 12 weeks. Maintenance of @entity413 levels in the near-normal range seems to have a beneficial influence on graft success. The finding of fasting @entity4053 raises important clinical questions about @entity409 . Important limitations in the requirements for islet packing density in macroencapsulation have been defined. New approaches for improving islet packing density must be developed to make diffusion-dependent macroencapsulation more practical.

title: Function and survival of macroencapsulated syngeneic islets transplanted into @entity3839 - @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['islet dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozocin']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Evaluating @entity303 in @entity1 with early symptoms of @entity73 is clinically challenging. Growing evidence indicates that appropriate incorporation of PET into the clinical work-up can improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy with respect to @entity195 ( @entity195 ), the most common cause of @entity303 in the geriatric population. The precise diagnostic role of PET and its economic impact in this context, however, have not been systematically examined previously. METHODS: We compared the relative value of 2 strategies for assessing whether early @entity195 is responsible for @entity73 in geriatric @entity1 : (a) a conventional approach, based largely on establishing clinical criteria for the presence of @entity303 and excluding non- @entity195 etiologies that could contribute to the @entity1 's symptoms, and (b) a proposed approach using PET to examine regional cerebral metabolism and look for characteristic patterns of abnormal metabolism. The total costs (measured in dollars) and benefits (measured in number of accurate diagnoses) of diagnostic testing and clinical outcomes accruing to each strategy were calculated using formalized tools of decision analysis. The primary outcome measure by which the strategies were compared was the ratio of costs to benefits obtained following each approach. RESULTS: Following the proposed approach led to improved accuracy in identifying early @entity195 , without adding to the overall costs of diagnosis and treatment ( 3,433 vs.  3,564 per @entity1 approached by the proposed or conventional algorithm, respectively). The strategy making use of PET was associated with a reduced rate of false-negative and false-positive findings compared with the conventional approach (3.1% vs. 8.2% and 12.0% vs. 23.0%, respectively, at a prevalence of 51.6% in the studied symptomatic population) and a cost savings of  1,138 per correct diagnosis rendered ( 4,047 vs.  5,185). The lower cost per unit benefit for the proposed strategy was maintained over a wide range of tested values for variables of sensitivity, specificity, costs of PET and long-term care, and varying approaches to the use of structural neuroimaging. CONCLUSION: Appropriate use of PET for evaluating early @entity303 in geriatric @entity1 can add valuable information to the clinical work-up, without adding to the overall costs of evaluation and management, resulting in a greater number of @entity1 being accurately diagnosed for the same level of financial expenditure. Thus, the opportunity exists for diminishing the morbidity of @entity303 economically, with earlier institution of more appropriate management in evaluated @entity1 .

title: Evaluating early XXXX with and without assessment of regional cerebral metabolism by PET: a comparison of predicted costs and benefits.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'cognitive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity2023 and its Impact on Asthma ( @entity6048 ) guidelines provide a stepwise treatment to @entity2490 , which classifies the disease according to its duration and severity. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to verify whether these variables influence drug prescriptions for @entity2490 and @entity565 . METHODS: A multi-centre cross-sectional pharmaco-epidemiological survey was carried out on 1,610 @entity2023 @entity1 and the relationship between the clinical features of @entity2490 and drug therapy for @entity2490 and @entity565 was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 1,321 adult @entity1 were enrolled. Mild intermittent @entity2490 was diagnosed in 7.7%of the @entity1 , moderate/severe intermittent in 17.1%, mild persistent in 11.6%, and moderate/severe persistent in 63.6%. A high level of @entity2490 - @entity565 comorbidity (616/1,321 = 46.6%) was found. The majority of @entity1 [1,060 (80.24%)] were treated. Significant associations between the severity of @entity2490 and the presence of therapy (P = 0.008), the use of oral antihistamines (P < 0.001), topical nasal @entity230 (P = 0.020) and systemic @entity230 (P = 0.005) were found. A weak association was found between the features of @entity2490 and the therapy for @entity565 , and vice versa the comorbidity with @entity565 increases the prescription of inhalant (P < 0.001) and oral @entity230 (P = 0.015) to treat @entity2490 . CONCLUSION: The severity of @entity2490 influences @entity1 request for @entity2490 therapy and the type of medication more than the duration. These features of @entity2490 seem to poorly influence @entity565 therapy. As the @entity6048 classification is able to reveal a relevant impairment notwithstanding therapy, its role in treated @entity1 merits further study.

title: Relationship between @entity6048 classification and drug treatment in XXXX and @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic Rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) enhance @entity32 by increasing in vivo IgE and cytokine production in the @entity1 upper respiratory mucosa. CC chemokines have been shown to play an important role in @entity32 . We examined whether DEP could alter the production of CC chemokines by cells residing in the @entity1 nasal mucosa. At both 6 and 24 h following intranasal DEP challenge, the levels of nasal @entity5737 , @entity10557 , and @entity7721 were significantly elevated compared to baseline. In contrast, DEP did not enhance levels of Eotaxin at any time, demonstrating that the action of DEP was not simply a global effect on all CC chemokines. Challenge with saline resulted in no significant change in expression of any chemokine at any time. Challenge with DEP also resulted in an increase in total cell counts in nasal lavage fluids. Increases in lymphocyte, monocyte/macrophage, and neutrophil cells were observed but there was no change in eosinophil cell numbers. In contrast, there was a significant enhancement of ECP protein levels in washes performed 6 to 24 h after DEP challenge. Elevated specific nasal chemokine expression following exposure to DEP likely participates in the @entity32 , cellular infiltration, and increase in IgE observed in the absence of allergen.

title: In vivo nasal challenge with diesel exhaust particles enhances expression of the CC chemokines @entity5737 , @entity10557 , and @entity7721 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone ( @entity5067 ) is a known anti-inflammatory agent and we investigated whether it reduces the inflammatory reaction following ocular surgery. METHODS: @entity95 received a perforating corneolimbal cut. Treatment involved topical (10(-8)M) or intramuscular (50 mg/kg/day) @entity5067 , topical @entity230 or saline. The parameters studied were @entity450 , @entity4 , aqueous protein levels and the number of inflammatory cells in the aqueous, as well as their number determined histologically in the injured @entity267 . Each parameter was assessed at 24 h post injury. RESULTS: Topically and systematically applied @entity5067 reduced @entity4 to levels 60% and 76%, respectively, of those observed in operated saline-treated eyes (P<0.001), and their efficacy was comparable to that of topical @entity230 . The decrease in @entity450 brought about by @entity5067 was more pronounced than that produced by @entity230 . Aqueous protein levels were reduced by a similar degree in the @entity134 - and @entity5067 -treated eyes as in the saline group (P<0.001 for each treatment group); In @entity5067 - and ste-roid-treated eyes the number of inflammatory cells in the aqueous was reduced by 80% and 50%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that @entity5067 reduced the clinical signs of @entity32 , curtailed blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) disruption, and reduced aqueous inflammatory cell number. The efficacy of @entity5067 applied systemically or topically was similar to that of @entity230 in reducing clinical signs of @entity130 , but @entity5067 efficacy in maintaining BAB integrity surpassed that of @entity230 . We suggest that the melanocortins might be a useful anti-inflammatory agents in @entity2194 .

title: Melanocortins are comparable to corticosteroids as inhibitors of XXXX in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['traumatic ocular inflammation']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of surgery in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: From October 1987 to January 1999, 7 @entity1 (3 female/4 male) with primary non-ampullary duodenal @entity420 underwent surgical treatment in our department. Presenting signs and symptoms were @entity490 , @entity353 , @entity417 and obstruction. Upper gastrointestinal contrast study, computed tomography (CT) and duodenoscopy were the primary diagnostic procedure modalities. All diagnoses were confirmed histologically. Five of 7 @entity1 were resectable for cure at the time of their first surgical intervention. RESULTS: In 5 @entity1 , the @entity5 could be removed with @entity5 -free margins. One @entity1 , where the histopathological workup revealed @entity5 cells in the resection margins, died 29 months after the surgical intervention. In another @entity1 , complete @entity5 resection could not be achieved. Subsequently, postoperative survival was only 2 months. Operative mortality was 0%. @entity1 with R0-status showed a postoperative survival of at least 24 months. CONCLUSION: In the management of resectable non-ampullary malignancies of the duodenum, surgical radicality including lymphadenectomy should be pursued. The radical operative treatment with lymphadenectomy offers a reasonable chance for cure in some @entity1 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : good long term survival after radical @entity5 resection including lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['non-ampullary duodenal cancer']


abstract: Healing of the mastoid cavtiycompletely is the desired result after a mastoid surgery. Even after the Sade's principles' of the complete disease clearance, adequate lowering of the facial ridge, good meatoplasty and closure of the perforation of the tympanic membrane are fallowed, the complete healing of tike @entity2267 is sometimes net the end result. According to various surgeons, the incidence of discharging @entity2267 after a open @entity6675 mastoid surgery is between /0-60%-H The usual techniques of obliteration of the @entity2267 to decrease the size of the @entity2267 , unusually has good healing results due to good vascularity. The failure ta the early detectmn 0/disease recurrence and risk of @entity129 are the most important disadvantages of the technique. We undertook a study in SO randomly chosen @entity1 of Unsafe CSOM. Twenty five underwent obliteration of the @entity2267 with Periosteo-Temporofascial flap, which is based on branches of posterior auricular artery and rest twenty five underwent non-obliteration of the @entity2267 . Tfie results between the two groups were compared in terms of healing of the @entity2267 and @entity393 after operation. Very good results in terms of healing of the @entity6675 were seen after obliteration surgery. The rate of healing of the @entity6675 was much faster after obliteration. The additional advantage with the flap is the see-through character of the @entity6675 lining, which would lead to early detection of the disease recurrence. No significant increase in the hearing was seen in the obliterated @entity1 as compared to non-obliterated cases.

title: Periosteo-Temporofascial flap for XXXX obliteration - first Indian study.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['sudden appearance of intra-cranial complications']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoid cavity']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing gain']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['cavity']


abstract: We initiated a retrospective study to determine whether @entity876 status and thymidylate synthase (TS) protein expression in primary @entity694 influence recurrence and survival for @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity5 specimens from 45 consecutive untreated @entity1 with @entity5 were examined for @entity876 and TS protein expression using immunohistochemistry. The median follow-up was 5.1 years. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity5 , and 27 had right-sided @entity5 . Fourteen of 45 @entity1 (31%) developed recurrence. @entity876 overexpression was detected in the @entity5 of 18 @entity1 (40%); 10 @entity1 (55%) with @entity876 overexpression recurred; and 4 of 27 (15%) without evidence of @entity876 overexpression recurred (P = 0.002). High TS expression was detected in the @entity5 of 16 @entity1 (36%): 8 @entity1 (50%) with high TS expression recurred, and 6 @entity1 (21%) with low TS expression recurred (P = 0.027). @entity1 with @entity876 overexpression had a significantly poorer survival than did those @entity1 without @entity876 overexpression (P < 0.001). High TS expression was associated with poor survival (P = 0.004). @entity876 overexpression and high TS expression were significantly associated with @entity5 (P = 0.003 and P = 0.022). Thirteen of 16 @entity1 (81%) with high TS expression also overexpressed @entity876 , and 24 of 29 @entity1 (81%) with low TS expression did not manifest @entity876 overexpression (P < 0.001). @entity876 and TS expression in primary @entity5 are associated and appear to influence recurrence and survival. In this pilot study, @entity5 demonstrate significantly more @entity876 overexpression and significantly higher TS expression than do right-sided @entity5 , which may explain the significantly poorer survival for @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: @entity876 and thymidylate synthase expression in untreated XXXX : associations with recurrence, survival, and site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'stage II colon cancer', 'Tumor', 'left-sided tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage II colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ablation strategies for the treatment of lone persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) have rapidly evolved during the past decade both with electrophysiological (EP) and surgical approaches. We investigated the safety and efficacy of a novel staged hybrid approach combining surgical thoracoscopic and EP ablation in @entity1 with lone persistent @entity955 . METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 with either persistent (three @entity1 , 12.5%) or long-standing persistent (21 @entity1 , 87.5%) isolated @entity955 were prospectively enrolled: the mean age was 63.2    9.3 years, the mean left atrial dimension was 50.5    8 mm, and the mean @entity955 duration was 82.7 months (range, 7-240 months). The surgical procedure consisted of a monolateral, right-sided, thoracoscopic closed-chest approach to perform a "box" lesion set with a temperature-controlled, internally cooled, radiofrequency monopolar device with suction adherence (Cobra Adhere XL; Estech, San Ramon, CA USA). A continuous monitoring rhythm device (Reveal XT; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN USA) was implanted at the time of surgery in all @entity1 for continuous long-term monitoring of the heart rhythm. RESULTS: Successful completion of the procedure was achieved in all cases, with a mean ablation time of 29    9 minutes and an overall procedural time of 84    16 minutes. After surgical ablation, the exit block was documented in all cases, whereas the entrance block was achieved in 87.5% (21 of 24 @entity1 ). No intensive care unit stay was required, and no complications occurred postoperatively; hospital mortality was 0%. At a mean interval of 33    2 days after surgery, an EP study was performed: bidirectional block was confirmed in 79.1% (19 of 24 @entity1 ), whereas gaps at the level of the box lesion were observed in 20.8% of the @entity1 (5 of 24 @entity1 ). Additional transcatheter endocardial right- and left-sided lesions were performed in 62.5% of cases (15 of 24 @entity1 ). At a mean follow-up of 28 months (range, 1-55 months), 87.5% of the @entity1 (21 of 24 @entity1 ) are in sinus rhythm, and the incidence of left @entity956 was 0%. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of thoracoscopic box lesion and transcatheter ablation in a staged hybrid approach proved to be safe, providing excellent mid-term clinical outcomes in @entity1 with long-standing, isolated, persistent @entity955 . Moreover, the implantable loop recorders documented such incremental benefits in sinus rhythm restoration for up to 28 months.

title: Successful treatment of lone persistent XXXX by means of a hybrid thoracoscopic-transcatheter approach.

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: We sought to determine the mechanisms responsible for the reduced renal tissue injury by agonists of A(2A) @entity859 receptors (A(2A)-ARs) in models of @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury. @entity44732 , a selective A(2A)-AR agonist, was administered subcutaneously to @entity35 and C57BL/6 @entity19 via osmotic minipumps, and animals were subjected to I/R. I/R led to an increase in plasma @entity1011 and kidney neutrophil infiltration. Infusion of @entity44732 at 10 ng. kg(-1). min(-1) produced a 70% reduction in plasma @entity1011 as well as a decrease in neutrophil density in outer medulla and cortex and @entity10873 activity in the reperfused kidney. @entity10873 activity in kidney correlated with the degree of @entity8 . P-selectin and @entity8024 ( @entity8024 ) immunoreactivity were most prominent in endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries and interlobular arteries of cortex and outer and inner medulla of vehicle-treated @entity19 whose kidneys were subjected to I/R. @entity44732 treatment led to a pronounced decrease in P-selectin- and @entity8024 -like immunoreactivity. These data are consistent with our hypothesis that A(2A)-AR agonists limit I/R injury due to an inhibitory effect on neutrophil adhesion.

title: A(2A) XXXX receptor-mediated inhibition of @entity8 and neutrophil adhesion.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity8024 :: ('15894(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity10873 :: ('17523(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase', 'Myeloperoxidase']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity302 are brief episodic events resulting from abnormal synchronous discharges from cerebral neuronal networks. The traditional methods of signal analysis are limited by the rapidly changing nature of the EEG signal during a @entity410 . Time-frequency analyses, however, such as those produced by the matching pursuit (MP) method can provide continuous decompositions of recorded @entity410 activity. These accurate decompositions can allow for more detailed analyses of the changes in complexity of the signal that may accompany @entity410 evolution. METHODS: The MP algorithm was applied to provide time-frequency decompositions of entire @entity410 recorded from depth electrode contacts in @entity1 with intractable complex partial @entity410 of mesial temporal onset. The results of these analyses were compared with signals generated from the Duffing equation that represented both limit cycle and chaotic behavior. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity410 from 12 different @entity1 were analyzed. These analyses reveal that early in the @entity410 , the most organized, rhythmic @entity410 activity is more complex than limit cycle behavior, and that signal complexity increases further later in the @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: Increasing complexity routinely precedes @entity410 termination. This may reflect progressive desynchronization.

title: XXXX are characterized by changing signal complexity.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptic seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis for @entity1 with recurrent @entity420 is not uniformly fatal if one can safely and selectively reoperate on a subset of @entity1 with resectable disease. Even with careful selection, many @entity1 undergo exploratory laparotomy and do not have resectable disease. We have reported that the presence of @entity3041 in the setting of recurrent @entity189 portends a poor outcome because of invariable association with unresectable disease. The purpose of this study was to update our experience of @entity1 presenting with unilateral or bilateral @entity3041 and recurrent @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 142 @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 evaluated at our institution from January 1989 to December 1999 was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven of 142 @entity1 referred for the management of recurrent @entity5 had unilateral or bilateral @entity3041 . Fifteen (55%) of these @entity1 had distant metastatic disease. Twelve @entity1 (45%) with @entity3041 and local recurrent disease on evaluation were analyzed. Six of the 12 @entity1 underwent exploratory laparotomy, with none found to have resectable disease. Their mean survival after diagnosis of recurrent disease was 14 months. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, the presence of @entity3041 (unilateral or bilateral) in recurrent @entity420 portends a survival equivalent to the presence of distant @entity3 . Therefore, we do not believe potential curative surgery has a role for @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity420 in the presence of @entity3041 .

title: Is there a role for curative surgery for pelvic recurrence from XXXX in the presence of @entity3041 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity. Work-related factors may influence the occurrence of this disorder. This case-control study estimated the associations between work-related physical and psychosocial factors and the risk of @entity1468 and gestational @entity101 . METHODS: The eligible @entity1 consisted of a random sample of the @entity1 who delivered a singleton live birth in 1997-1999 in six regions of Quebec and worked during pregnancy. Cases of @entity1468 (N=102) and gestational @entity101 (N=99) were compared with normotensive controls (N=4381). Information on occupational exposures at the onset of pregnancy was collected during phone interviews a few weeks after delivery. Detailed information was obtained on work schedule, postures, physical exertion, work organization, noise, vibration, and extreme temperature. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated through polytomous logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity1 standing daily at least 1 hour consecutively without walking experienced a higher risk of @entity1468 [aOR 2.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.4-4.6], as well as @entity1 climbing stairs frequently (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.1) and @entity1 working more than 5 consecutive days without a day-off (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0-9.5). Squatting or kneeling, pushing or pulling objects, whole-body vibration, forced pace, job strain, and no control on breaks were positively, but nonsignificantly, associated with @entity1468 . The associations were weaker for gestational @entity101 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that being exposed to physically demanding and stressful occupational conditions at the onset of pregnancy increases the risk of @entity1468 .

title: Population-based study on occupational risk factors for XXXX and gestational @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: Therapy of @entity1358 remains difficult. New therapeutic schemes besides cytokine treatment should be evaluated. The following study analyzes the in vitro @entity137 of @entity21193 on spheroids of 8 primary cultures of @entity1358 cells. these data were compared to the @entity137 of @entity5713 . All investigations were performed in regard to the @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) expression of the cells, which is one of the main causes of multidrug resistance. Four @entity1262 positive and four @entity1262 negative spheroids were incubated with the drugs in increasing doses. @entity137 was measured using the @entity98 @entity137 assay as well as @entity3460 exclusion. Significantly higher @entity137 of @entity21193 compared to @entity5713 could be demonstrated. In addition, the effects of @entity21193 were not related to @entity1262 expression. These results are encouraging and a phase II study analyzing the efficacy of @entity21193 in @entity1 with @entity1358 has been initiated in our institution.

title: [ @entity21193 displays cytotoxic effect on spheroids of primary cell cultures of XXXX independent of @entity1262 expression].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21193 :: ('MESH:C018404', 'Chemical') :: ['treosulfan']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'advanced renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: A recent report demonstrated that the deletion of chromosome 8p22 could predict disease progression in stage III (capsular penetrating) @entity263 . We studied if the status of chromosomal deletions of 8p22 could reflect pathological stage as well as @entity1 prognosis, thereby serving as a diagnostic tool to optimize the treatment strategy in @entity263 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A total of 97 @entity1 (41 Japanese and 56 Swedish) were studied by the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. Seventy-seven @entity1 (23 pT2, 18 @entity1803 , and 36 pN+ @entity5 ) underwent surgery (radical prostatectomy or lymph node dissection). The specimens were prepared by touch biopsy. From another 20 cases, fine-needle aspiration biopsies were obtained. RESULTS: 8p22 deletions were detected in 47 (61%) and 11 (55%) specimens of 77 touch biopsies and 20 fine-needle aspiration biopsies, respectively. No significant difference was found in the frequency of 8p22 deletion between different preparations of specimens, as well as between different races (Japanese versus Swedish). The frequency of 8p22 deletion was statistically higher in @entity1 with @entity1803 or more than in those with pT2 (P < 0.01). Disease progression was evaluated in 57 @entity1 . The Cox proportional hazards model revealed 8p22 deletion to be the strongest parameter to predict disease progression (hazards ratio = 5.75; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Studies on chromosomal deletions of 8p22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique may serve as a genetic marker to optimize the treatment strategy in @entity1 with @entity263 to the optimal treatment.

title: Deletions on chromosome 8p22 may predict disease progression as well as pathological staging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Studies suggest that the @entity1 lumbosacral spinal cord can generate steplike oscillating electromyographic (EMG) patterns, but it remains unclear to what degree these efferent patterns depend on the phasic peripheral sensory information associated with bilateral limb movements and loading. We examined the role of sensory information related to @entity1746 weight bearing in modulating the efferent motor patterns of spinal-cord-injured (SCI) subjects during manually assisted stepping on a treadmill. Four nonambulatory subjects, each with a chronic thoracic @entity1566 , and two nondisabled subjects were studied. The level of loading, EMG patterns, and kinematics of the lower limbs were studied during manually assisted or unassisted stepping on a treadmill with body weight support. The relationships among lumbosacral motor pool activity [soleus (SOL), @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ), and tibialis anterior (TA)], limb load, muscle-tendon length, and velocity of muscle-tendon length change were examined. The EMG mean amplitude of the SOL, @entity10036 , and TA was directly related to the peak load per step on the lower limb during locomotion. The effects on the EMG amplitude were qualitatively similar in subjects with normal, partial, or no detectable supraspinal input. Responses were most consistent in the SOL and @entity10036 at load levels of < 50% of a subject's body weight. The modulation of the EMG amplitude from the SOL and @entity10036 , both across steps and within a step, was more closely associated with limb peak load than muscle-tendon stretch or the velocity of muscle-tendon stretch. Thus stretch reflexes were not the sole source of the phasic EMG activity in flexors and extensors during manually assisted stepping in SCI subjects. The EMG amplitude within a step was highly dependent on the phase of the step cycle regardless of level of load. These data suggest that level of loading on the lower limbs provides cues that enable the @entity1 lumbosacral spinal cord to modulate efferent output in a manner that may facilitate the generation of stepping. These data provide a rationale for gait rehabilitation strategies that utilize the level of load-bearing stepping to enhance the locomotor capability of SCI subjects.

title: XXXX lumbosacral spinal cord interprets loading during stepping.

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'medial gastrocnemius']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Risk factors and prevalence of @entity7446 in the general population were examined in a cross-sectional community study conducted in north Barcelona. A self-administered questionnaire that contained questions about @entity565 and occupation was mailed to a random sample of 4000 adults who lived in north Barcelona; the response rate was 31.0%. Investigators made phone calls to nonresponders to determine response bias. Risk factors for @entity7446 were assessed with logistic regression. Investigators, who sought a definite diagnosis of @entity7446 , offered a chest examination to all subjects who reported @entity565 in life and who experienced clinically relevant occupational exposures. The examination included skin tests to common allergens, forced spirometry with reversibility test, and peak expiratory flow rate at and away from work. Cumulative prevalences obtained from responders were good estimates for the general population: @entity565 in life, 9.0%; clinically relevant occupational exposure, 28.9%; and respiratory symptoms at work, 18.3%. Adjustments were made for age, sex, and smoking habits, and relevant exposure caused an increase in @entity565 risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.1, 3.2); however, when investigators introduced specific occupations in the model as independent variables, only occupational exposure to leather (OR = 12.8 [95% CI = 4.4, 37.4]), animals (OR = 10.3 [95% CI = 1.6, 65.2]), dyes (OR = 5.6 [95% CI = 2.1, 15.3]), and flour (OR = 4.6 [CI = 1.3, 15.7]) persisted as significant risk factors. A 1.7/1000 minimum prevalence of @entity7446 for the north Barcelona population was estimated from chest examination results. Occupational risk for @entity565 appeared to be associated with exposure to leather, animals, dyes, or flour in the north Barcelona area.

title: XXXX in the community: risk factors in a western Mediterranean population.

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity7446 :: (MESH:D059366,Disease) :: ['Occupational asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is a condition that affects more than 25 million individuals worldwide and causes @entity717 and @entity204 . Despite advances in our understanding of this condition, education and training of health professionals has not kept pace with the rapid changes in diagnosis and treatment. The net effects of this gap between advancing knowledge and limited educational opportunity likely include clinically significant delays in both the diagnosis and commencement of effective evidence-based treatment - an unacceptable outcome for @entity1 with a lethal condition. AIM: The Actelion Clinical Excellence Programme (ACEP) is an e-learning postgraduate curriculum, the purpose of which is to educate and mentor healthcare professionals, both theoretically and practically, in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with all forms of @entity120 . This article reports on the development and delivery of the programme and outcomes from its first year of operation. RESULTS: Forty-three healthcare professionals from 22 institutions were enroled in the first iteration of the programme. In the 6 months from May to October 2011, @entity1 successfully completed 285 lectures and/or activities. Overall, the programme was considered easily accessible, comprehensive in terms of both quality and quantity, provided an efficient means of self-paced learning, and was a highly regarded as reference source. Ninety-five per cent of @entity1 said that they intended to change their clinical practice as a result of the information presented in the programme. CONCLUSION: ACEP represents a successful physician-industry partnership, which has resulted in a significant impact on clinical teaching and awareness of @entity120 .

title: Design and delivery of an e-learning curriculum for physicians involved in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['premature disability']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous mass lesions of the head and neck are common in @entity5072 with @entity1712 (ALHE) as well as in @entity5072 , most often in a periauricular location in young and middle aged adults. Often these benign angioproliferative lesions of unknown etiology will be misdiagnosed as @entity5 although the majority are paraglandular. Whereas ill-defined lesions involving the parotid gland are frequently observed in @entity5072 , only one case of intraparotid ALHE is reported in the literature. CASE REPORT: To this we add one further case: a 24-year-old @entity1 with a solid and well displaceable @entity5 of the left preauricular region. At ultrasound and intraoperatively we found a well demarcated @entity5 with high central vascularization surrounded by multiple networks of veins. One larger artery entered the lesion directly, visible as vascular structure on the cut surface. This blood vessel may have represented a vascular pattern (3 mm in diameter) that was identified as an artery by flow velocity measurement at duplex sonography. Histopathologically we saw the characteristic features of ALHE: numerous capillary proliferations showing prominent epithelioid endothelia cells with typical "hop nail" appearance, focal lympho-plasmacellular infiltrations and many eosinophils. The most conspicuous microscopic feature was a large thick-walled artery with total occlusions of the lumen that partially corresponded to duplex sonographic and macroscopic findings. CONCLUSION: In our opinion, this may be indicative of a primary @entity455 with @entity455 and @entity32 . The treatment of choice is local excision with a safe margin of healthy tissue, since insufficient removal can result in recurrence.

title: [Differential diagnosis of tumorous space-occupying lesions of the parotid gland: XXXX with @entity1712 and @entity5072 ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['secondary vascular proliferation', 'arterial disorder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'parotid tumors']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['angiolymphoid hyperplasia', "Kimura's disease"]

answer: @entity5072 :: (MESH:D000796,Disease) :: ['angiolymphoid hyperplasia']


abstract: AIM: To estimate differences in the prevalence of @entity3288 and @entity3288 nigrescens in the @entity527 of @entity1 with @entity2521 (including aggressive and advanced chronic @entity2521 ) compared to healthy controls, and to search for significant associations with clinical status. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 and 16 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Interproximal plaque index, oral hygiene index, gingival index, @entity548 on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded. Samples of @entity527 were taken with paper points from four teeth of each individual and immediately plated on appropriate supplemented Columbia agar. Black pigmented colonies were identified with the Rapid ID32 A system, and further differentiated using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. For the statistical analysis, chi-squared test and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used. RESULTS: @entity3288 nigrescens was isolated from 10 @entity1 and three controls, while @entity3288 was isolated from only two @entity1 . P. nigrescens was found more frequently in the @entity527 of @entity1 (P = 0.029), and was significantly associated with high values of clinical indices (P  <= 0.025). Significant differences for @entity3288 were not found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2521 seems to be associated with increased colonization with P. nigrescens. Whether or not it is a major pathogen needs to be determined.

title: Association of @entity2521 with increased colonization by XXXX nigrescens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['P. intermedia', 'Prevotella intermedia', 'Prevotella']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

answer: @entity3288 :: (28131,Species) :: ['Prevotella']


abstract: 1. The effect of altered intracellular pH (pHi) on isometric contractions and shortening velocity at 12, 22 and 32 degrees C was studied in intact, single fibres of @entity19 skeletal muscle. Changes in pHi were obtained by exposing fibres to solutions with different @entity515 concentrations. 2. Under control conditions (5% @entity515 ), pHi (measured with carboxy SNARF-1) was about 0.3 pH units more alkaline than neutral water at each temperature. An acidification of about 0.5 pH units was produced by 30% @entity515 and an alkalinization of similar size by 0% @entity515 . 3. In acidified fibres tetanic force was reduced by 28% at 12 degrees C but only by 10% at 32 degrees C. The force increase with alkalinization showed a similar reduction with increasing temperature. Acidification caused a marked slowing of relaxation and this slowing became less with increasing temperature. 4. Acidification reduced the maximum shortening velocity (V0) by almost 20% at 12 degrees C, but had no significant effect at 32 degrees C. Alkalinization had no significant effect on V0 at any temperature. 5. In conclusion, the effect of pHi on contraction of @entity1 muscle declines markedly with increasing temperature. Thus, the direct inhibition of force production by acidification is not a major factor in muscle fatigue at physiological temperatures.

title: The effect of intracellular pH on contractile function of intact, single fibres of XXXX muscle declines with increasing temperature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of inguinal @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 and relapse after initial stage I disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: Of 695 @entity1 , 14 (2%) with stage I @entity5 developed inguinal @entity3 during the follow-up on a surveillance programme. At orchidectomy, one @entity1 had involvement of the tunica albuginea and one a history of cryptorchidism and development of @entity5 on the contralateral side. The remaining @entity1 had no history of previous surgery in the inguinal region or in the scrotal area, or any other known risk factors for developing inguinal-node @entity3 . Two @entity1 had a @entity4797 (0.5%) and 12 (4%) a nonseminoma. The histopathological examination showed that the @entity3 were in lymph nodes in four @entity1 , the remainder having a more diffuse involvement of the tissue in the inguinal region. At relapse, @entity1 were treated by three or four cycles of @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 , except those with @entity5 (stage IIa and IIb), who were treated by radiation therapy. RESULTS: All @entity1 had a complete remission after treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. No @entity1 died or developed a recurrence during the median follow-up of 72 months. CONCLUSION: @entity3 to the inguinal region are found in approximately 2% of @entity1 with @entity5 ; about a quarter have lymph-node @entity3 , the rest probably having @entity3 to the spermatic cord with direct invasion into the surrounding tissue. High ligation of the spermatic cord is therefore important. Chemotherapy for @entity1 with nonseminoma and radiotherapy for @entity1 with @entity4797 gives excellent results.

title: Inguinal @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-stage seminomas', 'testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: @entity3084 , although rare, has shown a resurgence in recent times, especially in immunocompromised @entity1 . Involvement of the foot is infrequent, and the differential diagnosis is confusing, leading to diagnostic delays. We reviewed four cases of @entity378 of the cuboid where the infection was limited to the bone without articular involvement. All four cases were adults and diagnostic delays were observed in all. Three of the cases had an @entity690 on radiographs resembling a space-occupying lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or Computed tomography (CT) scans were helpful in three cases, and post-treatment MRI helped in evaluating outcome in one case. Antitubercular chemotherapy was sufficient to cause resolution of the lesion in three cases, while in one case surgical intervention was necessary. Since @entity4034 is usually seen only in the early stages of the disease process, early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are imperative to get good long-term results. Concomitant extraskeletal lesions are not always seen, nor is the organism cultured in a majority of the cases. Thus a high index of suspicion is mandatory in high-risk groups (immigrants, immunocompromised cases or those with history of contact); clinical and radiologic features, along with histopathologic evidence of granulomatous pathology should be sufficient to initiate therapy.

title: XXXX of the cuboid: a report of four cases.

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarticular tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['isolated osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculous osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity545 is a localised connective tissue disorder that involves the tunica albuginea of the penis. Although long recognised as an important clinical entity of the male genitalia, the aetiology of this disease has remained poorly understood. METHODS: The epidemiology and clinical presentation of @entity545 during a 10-year period was evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 with @entity545 from Chandigarh, India were reviewed retrospectively. The prevalence of Peyronie's @entity1 was 1.97/1000 @entity1 . Their ages ranged from 23 to 70 years. Most of them presented during the early phase of the disease. The most common presenting complaint was @entity546 in 34 (80.95%) followed by @entity158 on erection in 28 (66.66%). History of penile trauma was revealed by four (9.52%) @entity1 . Among the risk factors, @entity1007 (60%), @entity101 (33.3%) and asymptomatic @entity5052 (28.34%) were the most common. Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity545 were studied by ultrasonography. Ultrasonogram was more accurate than clinical assessment in delineating the extent of lesions. In one-third of the @entity1 , sonography demonstrated the plaques to be more extensive than had been detected by clinical examination. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical symptoms and signs in our study were, in general, similar to those found in the previous studies. Higher incidence of @entity101 and @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity545 may also be to an extent due to @entity1 being in an older age group.

title: A clinico-aetiological and ultrasonographic study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile curvature']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: The North American Immune Tolerance Registry (NAITR) was initiated with the goal of determining, by questionnaire, immune tolerance (ITT) practices in @entity447 treatment centers in Canada and the United States. Sixty-eight centers (40%) responded. Of the 130 registry subjects with @entity447 who completed ITT, 93 (72%) achieved tolerance. Of the 11 completed ITT courses in @entity1 with @entity4777 , 4 (36%) were successful. Maintenance therapy was defined as any dotting factor regimen administered subsequent to the @entity1 achieving the treating physician's criteria for successful immune tolerance. Seventy-five (81%) of 93 individuals in the @entity447 cohort who successfully achieved tolerance were maintained on a regular (prophylactic @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) regimen for a variable time period post-ITT. The median dose used was 150 units/kg/week (range: 17-700). Forty-eight (64%) subjects remained tolerant while receiving regular doses of @entity2801 for a median observation period of 13 months (range 0-129 months). Of 27 @entity1 whose maintenance therapy had been stopped, 17 (68%) remained tolerant over a median period of 19 months (range 1-54 months) and 9 relapsed. Among the relapses, 3 occurred after maintenance therapy was stopped; 6 were noted on prophylactic @entity2801 at a median time of 11 months (range 2-61 months). The definition of tolerance was reviewed for the 9 subjects who relapsed and was defined by a normal recovery and survival in only 1/9 @entity1 . Among the 11 @entity4777 subjects in the cohort who completed tolerance, 4 had a successful outcome. Four individuals were placed on maintenance regimens of 25-100 units @entity4682 /kg/day and all remained tolerant.

title: The maintenance of tolerance after successful immune tolerance induction in XXXX and B: the North American Registry. @entity2801 /IX Subcommittee of the International Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia A']


abstract: From January 1982 to January 1987, a prospective, nonrandomized sclerotherapy study was conducted at the Heinz-Kalk Hospital, Bad Kissingen, with 232 consecutive @entity1 receiving immediate endoscopic injection @entity1463 (IEIS) for variceal @entity548 during emergency endoscopy. No @entity1 was excluded from this study. All @entity1 were classified according to the @entity1 -Pugh criteria: 53 (23%) were in category A; 70 (30%) in category B; and 109 (47%) in category C. More than 93% had liver @entity82 , 60% of alcoholic origin. IEIS was performed during emergency fiberoptic endoscopy applying 5-40 1-ml injections of 0.5% @entity5324 by the paravariceal, "free" injection technique. If this was not successful, an intravariceal approach was used, and after 15 min of injection and persisting @entity548 a @entity5274 was inserted for 6-12 h. If @entity548 recurred, a second emergency endoscopy with IEIS was performed and, if this was not successful, a gastroesophageal disconnection followed directly. During the @entity548 -free interval, @entity1 -Pugh A and B @entity1 were selected, using special criteria, for a shunt operation. An elective, semiselective, or selective shunt was recommended and carried out. In 56 @entity1 (24%), a gastroesophageal disconnection or a shunt operation was performed on an emergency or elective basis. All sclerotherapy @entity1 were controlled after 4 months and thereafter every 6, 9, or 12 months and reinjected if necessary. Bleeding was controlled in 93% of the cases with IEIS, and, in 97%, with a combination of IEIS and @entity5274 . Definitive control of @entity548 was accomplished in 94% of the @entity1 . Thirty-five @entity1 died during the first 30 days of admission (15.1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immediate XXXX of @entity548 esophageal varices. A prospective evaluation over five years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['Linton-Nachlas tube']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol']

answer: @entity1463 :: (MESH:D012598,Disease) :: ['endoscopic sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Triple-negative [ @entity172 receptor (ER)-/ @entity1420 receptor (PR)-/ @entity1722 -] @entity0 (TNBC) accounts for     15% of overall @entity0 and associated with a poor prognosis. There is a short of standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for TNBC. A number of studies have shown that TNBC might be sensitive to @entity900 and @entity3003 on the basis that dysfunction of @entity5345 and its pathway is associated with a specific DNA-repair defect, but data of adjuvant setting about this is limited. METHODS: From January 2010 to September 2011, 95 early triple-negative @entity0 @entity1 confirmed by pathology were randomly assigned to receive TP ( @entity1205 75 mg/m  , @entity3003 AUC = 5, day 1, 21 days a cycle for 6 cycles) or @entity1619 ( @entity1259 90 mg/m  , @entity786 600 mg/m  , d1, 21 days a cycle for 4 cycles, followed by @entity1205 80 mg/m  , d1, 21 days a cycle for 4 cycles) chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiation therapy was given selectively after chemotherapy. Here we report a preliminary safety analysis with the chi-square test. RESULTS: Seventy-six out of the 95 @entity1 had completed the chemotherapy and could be assessed for the safety profiles of the regimens. Thirty-seven of them were in the @entity1619 group with a median age of 47 years, and 21 out of these 37 @entity1 were premenopausal (56.8%). Another 39 @entity1 came from the TP group with a median age of 46 years, and 22 out of these 39 @entity1 were premenopausal (56.4%). All of the 37 @entity1 in @entity1619 group completed the planned treatment whereas 2 @entity1 of the 39 cases in TP group did not because of @entity236 . During the treatments, 9 @entity1 had dose adjustment in each group. Adverse events of grade 1/2 were common. Specific incidence of adverse events with grade 3/4 in each group was as follows: @entity1665 , 29.7% vs. 10.3% (P = 0.033), @entity391 21.6% vs. 7.7% (P = 0.085), @entity1431 54.1% vs.25.6% (P = 0.011) and @entity1398 51.4% vs. 35.9% (P = 0.174). Other grade 3/4 @entity137 were rare. All the adverse events (except @entity1897 and @entity2118 ) recovered within 1 month after the chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Both @entity1619 and TP regimens as adjuvant chemotherapy are safe and tolerable for the treatment of triple-negative @entity0 @entity1 , while the TP regimen has advantages with less grade III/IV @entity1665 and @entity1431 .

title: [ @entity1205 plus @entity3003 versus @entity1619 as adjuvant chemotherapy for triple-negative XXXX : safety data from a phase III randomized open-label trial].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can be modulated during @entity281 , but little is known about MMP profiles during @entity364 . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of corneal @entity130 and immunosuppressive treatment on the expression kinetics of @entity5780 and @entity1235 during experimental keratomycosis. METHODS: Corneas of immunocompetent and @entity786 -treated adult BALB/c @entity19 were topically inoculated with 1 x 10 culturable units of @entity10437 or mock-inoculated with or without superficial corneal scarification. Eyes were scored daily for disease severity and processed for zymography after 1.5 hours, 6 hours, 1 day, 4 days, or 8 days. Gelatinase activity was densitometrically quantitated and normalized to @entity5780 and @entity1235 controls. RESULTS: @entity1235 levels in nontraumatized eyes transiently increased at 6 hours after fungal exposure, but this increase was inhibited by @entity786 treatment. @entity267 significantly induced early @entity1235 expression that returned to baseline levels within 4 days. @entity786 pretreatment reduced and delayed @entity1235 after scarification. Fusarium exposure dampened the @entity1235 response to corneal @entity130 in immunocompetent and @entity786 -treated animals. Ocular levels of @entity5780 were not affected by scarification, fungal exposure, or immunosuppressive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular @entity1235 levels, but not @entity5780 levels, increased soon after @entity267 . A similar, although muted, @entity1235 response occurs during early filamentous @entity364 , with a kinetic profile similar to @entity2687 progression. The early stage of @entity3283 may involve selective regulation of corneal matrix metalloproteinases, suggesting an initial opportunity for therapeutic intervention.

title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in experimental @entity267 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal injury', 'Corneal injury']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity10437 :: ('169388', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium solani']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative keratitis']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal disease']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal keratitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the @entity7415 and @entity7416 @entity436 expression on peripheral blood neutrophils ( @entity18674 ) and synovial fluid neutrophils (SFN) of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) (characterized by erosive and non-erosive @entity625 , respectively), and to compare them with those of @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: We used flow cytometry to investigate the expression of @entity7415 and @entity7416 chemokine receptors on @entity18674 and SFN of fifty-five (22 @entity309 , 22 @entity195 and 11 @entity571 ) age and sex-matched @entity1 . RESULTS: In respect to @entity436 expression on neutrophils isolated from @entity1 with @entity309 , mean @entity941 intensity (MFI) of @entity7415 chemokine receptors on @entity18674 from active and inactive @entity309 @entity1 , and SFN from @entity1 with @entity309 were 151 (90-395), 129 (81-539) and 136 (64-220), respectively, and there were not statistically significant difference each other. But MFI of @entity7416 chemokine receptors on SFN of @entity1 with @entity309 was 18 (10-32), and significantly higher than @entity18674 of active and inactive @entity309 @entity1 (MFI: 10 (6-15) and 12 (7-16), P=0.002 and 0.037, respectively). In respect to @entity436 expression on neutrophils isolated from @entity1 with @entity195 , MFI of @entity7415 chemokine receptors on @entity18674 of active @entity195 @entity1 was 245 (97-844), and higher than @entity18674 of active @entity309 @entity1 and SFN of @entity195 @entity1 (MFI: 151 (90-395) and 134 (61-231), P=0.047 and 0.017, respectively). MFI of @entity7416 chemokine receptors on @entity18674 of active and inactive @entity195 @entity1 , and SFN of @entity1 @entity195 were 10 (6-14), 10 (2-16), and 12 (8-24), respectively, there were not statistically significant difference each other. MFI of @entity7415 chemokine receptors on SFN from @entity1 with @entity309 , @entity195 , and @entity571 were 136 (64-220), 134 (61-231), and 114 (60-180), respectively, and there was no difference between the study groups. MFI of @entity7416 chemokine receptors on SFN of @entity1 with @entity309 was 18 (10-32), and higher than @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity571 (MFI: 12 (8-24) and 11 (9-18), P=0.037 and 0.005, respectively), though there was no difference between last two groups. CONCLUSION: Our study points that @entity7415 and @entity7416 chemokine receptors of SFN may have diverse functions in the course of inflammatory arthritides. These results indicate that @entity7416 @entity436 might play more critical role in long lasting accumulation of neutrophils within the synovial fluid of @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: Expression of @entity7415 and XXXX chemokine receptors on synovial neutrophils in inflammatory arthritides: does persistent or increasing expression of @entity7416 contribute to the chronic inflammation or erosive changes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity7416 :: (3579,Gene) :: ['CXCR-2']


abstract: @entity30896 sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae) is a common wild plant that accumulates the @entity24829 deoxypodophyllotoxin. @entity48125 can be hydroxylated at the C-7 position in recombinant organisms yielding podophyllotoxin, which is used as a semi-synthetic precursor for the anticancer drugs, @entity20311 and @entity2663 . As in vitro regeneration of A. sylvestris has not yet been reported, development of a regeneration protocol for A. sylvestris would be useful as a micropropagation tool and for metabolic engineering of the plant. Calli were induced from hypocotyl explants and transferred to shoot induction medium containing @entity26423 . Regenerated shoots were obtained within 6  mo and were transferred onto growth regulator-free root induction medium containing 1% @entity969 . Regenerated plants transferred to soil and acclimatized in a greenhouse. Plants were transferred to the field with a 100% survival rate. Regenerated plants flowered and were fully fertile. This is the first report of complete regeneration of A. sylvestris via shoot organogenesis from callus.

title: In vitro regeneration of wild XXXX ( @entity30896 sylvestris L.).

entities_list: @entity2663 :: ('MESH:D013713', 'Chemical') :: ['teniposide']

entities_list: @entity48125 :: ('MESH:C014451', 'Chemical') :: ['Deoxypodophyllotoxin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity20311 :: ('MESH:C061400', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity26423 :: ('MESH:C009699', 'Chemical') :: ['zeatin riboside']

answer: @entity30896 :: (40888,Species) :: ['chervil']


abstract: Dysgenesis of the @entity6789 has been recognized as a marker for aberrant development of the central nervous system. It has been suggested that developmental defects of the @entity6789 may be more frequently encountered in @entity1 with @entity2246 . The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of developmental defects of the @entity6789 in @entity1 attending a genetics-metabolic disorders clinic, to describe the spectrum of abnormalities in brain development in @entity1 with confirmed @entity2246 and abnormalities of the @entity6789 as ascertained by neuroimaging and/or postmortem studies. Nineteen @entity1 (10 males, 9 females) with confirmed metabolic diagnoses were identified by systematic search of the genetics clinic database. All 19 (100%) expressed variable degrees of @entity509 , complete or partial agenesis (ACC). Abnormalities of head size were noted in 17/19 (89.5%). The majority 12/17 (70.5%) were associated with @entity4242 , while macrocrania was noted in 5/17 (29.5%). Associated central nervous system (CNS) @entity154 in ventricular morphology in 18/19 (94.7%), @entity1276 in 11/19 (63.1%), increased extraxial cerebrospinal fluid space in 11/19 (57.9%), changes in the gray matter (neuronal migration defects, @entity9670 ) in 9/19 (47.3%), white matter changes in 12/19 (63.1%) and abnormalities of the posterior fossa and hindbrain in 12/19 (63.1%). In @entity1 with @entity2246 , dysgenesis of the @entity6789 serves as a marker for other @entity3002 . We discuss here potential mechanisms by which metabolic defects affect diverse biochemical pathways, altering key neurobiological processes (e.g. defective cell membrane formation, cellular bioenergetics and cell-to-cell signaling), that eventually lead to structural @entity3002 .

title: Agenesis of the XXXX and cerebral anomalies in @entity2246 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomalies included abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity9670 :: ('MESH:D065708', 'Disease') :: ['porencephaly']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the developing nervous system', 'developmental defects within the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity6789 :: (MESH:D061085,Disease) :: ['corpus callosum']