abstract: UNASSIGNED: A multi-modality imaging based modeling approach was used to study complex unsteady hemodynamics and lesion growth in a dissecting @entity1028 model. We combined in vivo ultrasound (geometry and flow) and in vitro optical coherence tomography (geometry) to obtain the high resolution needed to construct detailed hemodynamic simulations over large portions of the @entity19 vasculature, which include fine geometric complexities. We illustrate this approach for a spectrum of dissecting @entity1028 induced in male @entity6970 -null @entity19 by high-dose @entity11502 infusion. In vivo morphological and hemodynamic data provide information on volumetric lesion growth and changes in blood flow dynamics, respectively, occurring from the day of initial aortic expansion. We validated the associated computational models by comparing results on time-varying outlet flows and @entity75 . Three out of four lesions exhibited abrupt formation of @entity715 , though different in size. We determined that a lesion without @entity715 formed with a thickened vessel wall, which was resolvable by OCT and histology. We attribute differences in final sizes and compositions of these lesions to the different computed flow and vortical structures we obtained in our @entity19 -specific fluid dynamic models. Differences in morphology and hemodynamics play crucial roles in determining the evolution of dissecting @entity1028 . Coupled high-resolution in vivo and in vitro imaging approaches provide much-improved geometric models for hemodynamic simulations. Our imaging-based computational findings suggest a link between perturbations in hemodynamic metrics and aneurysmal disease heterogeneity.

title: Multi-Modality Imaging Enables Detailed Hemodynamic Simulations in Dissecting Aneurysms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vortical structures within the lesions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective, nonrandomized review evaluates 125 @entity1 with @entity418 ( @entity420 and squamous cell) who underwent either surgery only or preoperative chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy followed by surgery. Major end points were survival and postchemoradiation downstaging. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 underwent radiation therapy of 4500 cGy over 5 weeks. @entity1487 and @entity900 were administered on the first and fifth week of radiotherapy. Ninety-eight @entity1 underwent "potentially curative" resections-transhiatal esophagectomy (70), Lewis esophagogastrectomy (25), and left esophagogastrectomy (3). All @entity1 with preoperative adjuvant therapy underwent endoscopy and biopsy before surgery. RESULTS: There were no differences in overall mortality (5%) or surgical complications in either group. Fourteen of 44 @entity1 (32%) downstaged to complete pathologic response, with 5-year survival of 57%. Fifteen of 44 @entity1 (34%) downstaged to microscopic @entity41 , with 1- and 3-year survival of 77% and 31%, respectively. Twenty-eight of 29 @entity1 in the two downstaged groups were lymph node negative. Overall, 5-year survival in the adjuvant therapy plus surgery group versus surgery only was 36% and 11% (p = 0.04). Five-year survival in lymph node-negative adjuvant therapy and surgery @entity1 was 49% (p = 0.005). Positive nodes in the surgery only group was 48% versus 23% in the adjuvant therapy and surgery group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Although retrospective and nonrandomized, these results suggest that preoperative chemoradiation results in significant clinical and pathologic downstaging, increases survival, and may sterilize local and regional lymph nodes, accounting for both downstaging and survival statistics.

title: Downstaging of XXXX after preoperative radiation and chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to assess the long-term anatomic and clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity438 treated by endovascular coil embolization alone or in combination with cerebral revascularization. METHODS: One hundred twenty-six @entity1 with @entity438 were endovascularly treated at the University of California, Los Angeles, between 1990 and 2007. Of these, 9 @entity1 had partially thrombosed @entity438 with incorporated branches. Five @entity1 presented with symptoms of mass effect, 3 had @entity410 , 2 had episodes of @entity2806 , and 1 presented with acute @entity510 . RESULTS: Three wide-neck @entity439 were almost completely coil occluded, leaving only small neck remnants that were intended to preserve the patency of incorporated @entity2500 branches. The other 6 fusiform @entity439 were effectively treated by superficial temporal artery- @entity2500 or occipital artery- @entity2500 bypass, followed by complete coil occlusion of these @entity439 . Immediate angiograms and mid- or long-term neuroradiological imaging follow-up examinations revealed complete obliteration or near-complete occlusion (90%-99%) of the @entity439 in all 9 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 had a favorable long-term clinical outcome, and 1 @entity1 died as a result of unrelated @entity712 . One @entity1 required emergent surgical @entity439 because of inadvertent coil occlusion of the frontal opercular artery, which was not protected by the bypass, and the @entity1 subsequently sustained a moderate @entity16 . CONCLUSION: @entity438 with branch incorporations and other unfavorable features such as intraluminal thrombus, mural @entity730 , and fusiform configuration can be effectively treated with a team approach, using coil embolization after protective surgical bypass. When @entity439 with @entity2500 branches incorporated into the neck rather than the dome are treated by endovascular techniques alone, long-term angiographic follow-up is necessary to assess and further treat any significant remnant.

title: Management of XXXX with incorporated branches: partial endovascular coiling or combined extracranial-intracranial bypass--a team approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm thrombectomy']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['giant middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms', 'Giant MCA aneurysms', 'giant intracranial aneurysms', 'MCA aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['giant middle cerebral artery aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2704 with symptomatic medication overuse (CMwMO) is a common and often debilitating clinical condition. Withdrawal of the offending drug(s) is considered the first step in management. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may be a useful technique for obtaining information on particular neuronal changes in the @entity158 network involved in this condition. OBJECTIVE: To identify specific fMRI patterns in @entity1 suffering from CMwMO before and after withdrawal intervention. METHODS: We collected fMRI data from a group of @entity1 suffering from CMwMO, evaluating those @entity1 prior to and 6 months following withdrawal. We applied stimuli at sites far removed from where the @entity10 were experienced. Moreover, pre-intervention fMRI data from the @entity10 @entity1 were compared with those obtained from @entity10 -free and otherwise healthy controls. RESULTS: Before withdrawal, the right supramarginal gyrus, the right inferior and superior parietal cortex were hypoactive. Activity recovered to almost normal 6 months after withdrawal of the offending medications. CONCLUSIONS: The hypoactivation we detected in the @entity158 system indicate that there exists a modification of the @entity158 network in CMwMO and that these changes are reversible with therapy.

title: XXXX with medication overuse pre-post withdrawal of symptomatic medication: clinical results and FMRI correlations.

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic migraine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'lateral pain']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['Chronic migraine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity789 is not life threatening medical problem, but the @entity1 face demoralization, social boycott and even divorce and separation. The aetiology of the condition has been changed over the years and in developed countries obstetrical @entity292 are rare and they are usually result of gynaecological surgeries or radiotherapy. @entity790 surgery doesn't require special or advance technology but needs experienced urogynaecologist with trained team and post operative care which can restore health, hope _ sense of dignity to @entity1 . METHODS: This prospective study was carried out to analyze the success rate in @entity1 attending the referral hospital and sent from free gynaecological surgery camps held at interior of Sindh, and included preoperative evaluation for route of surgery, operative techniques and postoperative care. Total 70 @entity1 were admitted from the @entity1 attending the camp. Out of these, 29 @entity1 had @entity790 . Surgical repair of the @entity292 was done through vaginal route on 27 @entity1 while 2 required abdominal approach. RESULTS: Out of 29 surgical repairs performed, 27 proved successful. CONCLUSION: Difficult and complicated fistulae need experienced surgeon. Establishment of separate @entity292 surgery unit along with appropriate care and expertise accounts for the desired results.

title: Key to successful XXXX repair--an experience of @entity790 surgeries and outcome at gynaecological surgical camp-2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['Vesico-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['uro-genital fistula', 'Urogenital fistula']

answer: @entity789 :: (MESH:D014719,Disease) :: ['vesico-vaginal fistula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is the most representative form of @entity788 . @entity1124 solid @entity5 are constituted of heterogeneous populations of cells including @entity5 stem cells (CSCs), differentiated @entity5 cells, @entity2269 and immune cells. The identification and consequent isolation of pancreatic CSCs facilitated the generation of genetically engineered @entity19 models. Nonetheless, the current models may not be representative for the spontaneous @entity5 occurrence. In the present study, we show the generation of a novel pancreatic iPSC-converted @entity5 stem cell lines (CSCcm) as a cutting-edge model for the study of @entity1124 . The CSCcm lines were achieved only by the influence of @entity788 cell lines conditioned medium and were not subjected to any genetic manipulation. The xenografts @entity5 from CSCcm lines displayed histopathological features of ADM, PanIN and @entity1124 lesions. Further molecular characterization from RNA-sequencing analysis highlighted primary culture cell lines (1(st) CSCcm) as potential candidates to represent the pancreatic CSCs and indicated the establishment of the @entity788 molecular pattern in their subsequent progenies 2(nd) CSCcm and 3(rd) CSCcm. In addition, preliminary RNA-seq SNPs analysis showed that the distinct CSCcm lines did not harbour single point mutations for the oncogene Kras codon 12 or 13. Therefore, @entity1124 -CSCcm model may provide new insights about the actual occurrence of the @entity788 leading to develop different approaches to target CSCs and abrogate the progression of this @entity66 .

title: A new @entity1124 XXXX model originated from iPSCs-converted @entity788 stem cells (CSCcm).

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fatidic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic stroma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous regression of @entity5 is infrequent, but in @entity421 , such occurrence is extremely rare. Through a survey of many university hospitals and @entity5 centers in Japan, two @entity1 with such regression were found. METHODS: In both @entity1 , radiograms of the primary sites and histologic specimens were studied carefully for accurate diagnosis. The clinical records, serum alkaline phosphatase values, and changes in the pulmonary metastasis on chest radiograms were followed for 26 years and 13 years, respectively. In the second @entity1 , metastatic lesions were studied histologically. RESULTS: The @entity1 , a 19-year-old @entity1 and an 11-year-old @entity1 each with @entity421 in the distal femur. Each was treated by amputation. Pulmonary metastases were found on routine checkup 5 months and 12 months after the surgery, respectively, despite adjuvant chemotherapy. The metastatic nodules of both @entity1 became denser and smaller 12 and 5 months, respectively, after detection, and the alkaline phosphatase concentration returned to normal, without special treatment. To date, the @entity1 are alive and well. In the second @entity1 , histologic examination of the metastatic nodules showed no remarkable infiltration of lymphocytes that would suggest an immunologic response; however there was florid bone formation indicating maturation of the @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: Cases that have been reported as spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases from @entity421 often show equivocal pathologic or clinical signs, and some have shown only temporary regression of the lesions. The two @entity1 presented here are unique, however, because they had a definite diagnosis of @entity421 and showed extraordinarily long-lasting regression, which presumably occurred spontaneously, not as a direct effect of chemotherapy.

title: Spontaneous regression of lung metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity5 death in the majority of developed countries. Uncontrolled cell proliferation is the hallmark of @entity5 . Cyclins play an important role in cell cycle regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of cyclins A, @entity11284 in advanced @entity1149 (stages IIIB-IV) with its prognostic significance. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An immunohistochemical assessment of cyclins A, @entity11284 expression was performed in the paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissues of 19 @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ). The mean was age 59 +/- 6.64 years. 9 @entity1 were in IIIB and 10 in IV. The 2-years survival rate was evaluated. RESULTS: We showed positive @entity7596 expression in 13 @entity5 tissue specimens (68%), @entity8189 in 3 (16%), @entity4910 in 9 (47%) and cyclin E in 7 (37%). We analyzed the prognostic value of examinated cyclins in all NSCLC @entity1 and separately in @entity1 with @entity1544 and @entity420 and in @entity1 in stage IIIB and IV, but we have no found any correlations. We did not find also any differences in examinated cyclins expression depending on stages nor different histopathological types. CONCLUSION: We did not observe prognostic value of cyclins A, @entity11284 expression in advanced @entity1149 .

title: [The @entity7596 , @entity11284 expression in advanced XXXX --stages IIIB-IV (preliminary report)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIMS: The experience of preoperative irradiation in clinically locally advanced @entity5 for the period 1991-2003 is reported. Prognostic factors for survival and recurrence, and parameters for obtaining a free circumferential margin were evaluated. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 204 M0 @entity1 given >45 Gy preoperatively (median age 66 years; 29% @entity1 ; @entity5 level <16 cm from the anal verge). RESULTS: Multivisceral and/or pelvic wall resections were performed in 61% of the @entity1 . R0, R1 and R2 resections were achieved in 74%, 21% and 5%. Five-year survival was 52% for all @entity1 , 60% for R0 resections, 31% for R1 and 0% for R2. The calculated 5-year recurrence rates were 13% for R0 resections and 24% for R1 resections (p<0.035). R-stage, N-stage, age, type of rectal resection and pelvic wall resection remained significant in Cox multivariate analysis for survival. Regarding local recurrence, the following parameters were independent: N-stage, @entity787 ( @entity787 ) response and pelvic wall resection. Medium high @entity5 level and reduced histopathological differentiation are important individual factors that seem to predict increased risk for not obtaining a R0 resection. CONCLUSIONS: After preoperative irradiation and surgery, about 50% of the @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 without overt metastases (M0) can be cured.

title: Prognostic factors after preoperative irradiation and surgery for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity310 ( @entity7790 ), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, is a potent mitogen for several cell types. To investigate the possible role of @entity7790 in the development of midgestation @entity1 fetal lung, we studied its distribution with immunohistochemistry and determined levels of steady-state @entity7790 mRNA by Northern analysis of cellular RNA isolates from lung. Lung was obtained from fetuses at 10 to 22 wk of gestation (n = 14) and immunostained for @entity7790 . @entity7790 was localized in epithelial cells at all gestational ages examined. Immunostaining was particularly prominent in bronchiolar epithelial cells. @entity7790 immunoreactivity was also associated with arterial smooth muscle cells, as well as with nerves. Occasional chondrocytes were also associated with @entity7790 immunoreactivity. Total cellular RNA was isolated from lung tissue obtained from additional fetuses at gestational ages 10 to 24 wk (n = 22). @entity7790 mRNA was present in RNA extracts of all fetal lungs studied. We conclude that @entity7790 is probably produced in @entity1 fetal lung during mid-gestation. The prominent immunostaining of bronchiolar epithelial cells for @entity7790 is consistent with its playing a role in distal airway formation.

title: Expression of @entity310 in mid-gestation XXXX fetal lung.

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-alpha']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown that adverse effects of dialysis are associated with increased risk of @entity73 . While recommendations have been made that physicians should place an increased focus on detecting risks for @entity73 among @entity1 on dialysis, there are currently no diagnostic tools designed to help physicians assess @entity73 among this @entity1 population. In addition to driver self-assessment tools provided by AAA (American Automobile Association), one of the only tools specifically designed to help physicians assess driver safety is the "Am I a Safe Driver?" checklist, originally designed to assess for @entity73 among geriatric @entity1 . This study aimed to determine the utility of this checklist in detecting dialysis @entity1 at risk for @entity73 . METHODS: The checklist was administered to dialysis @entity1 who were predetermined to either be at risk or not at risk for @entity73 . The checklist was used to identify @entity1 who test positive for @entity73 . ROC (receiver operationg characteristic) analysis was done to identify the best cut off to consider as a positive test. RESULTS: The study found that the checklist is very good in detecting risk for @entity73 among dialysis @entity1 . ROC analysis determined that answering       yes       to at least two statements in the "Am I a Safe Driver?" checklist gives the highest sensitivity and specificity combination (Youden's index = 0.42). DISCUSSION: Higher sensitivity and lower specificity of the "Am I Safe Driver" checklist implies that it is effective only as a preliminary screening test for ruling out risk of @entity73 among dialysis @entity1 .

title: A diagnostic screening tool for identifying safe drivers among dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['driving impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Hydrolysis of four timber species (aspen, balsam fir, basswood, and red maple) and @entity13254 was studied using dilute @entity8316 at 50 g dry biomass/L under similar conditions previously described as acid pretreatment. The primary goal was to obtain detailed kinetic data of @entity6122 formation and degradation from a match between a first order reaction model and the experimental data at various final reactor temperatures (160-190 degrees C), @entity8316 concentrations (0.25-1.0% w/v), and particle sizes (28-10/20 mesh) in a glass-lined 1L well-mixed batch reactor. Reaction rates for the generation of @entity6122 from hemicellulose and the generation of @entity13255 from @entity6122 were strongly dependent on both temperature and acid concentration. However, no effect was observed for the particle sizes studied. Oligomer @entity3363 , representing incomplete products of hydrolysis, were observed early in the reaction period for all @entity3363 ( @entity6122 , @entity413 , @entity4583 , @entity3913 , and @entity3649 ), but were reduced to low concentrations at later times (higher hemicellulose conversions). Maximum yields for @entity6122 ranged from 70% (balsam) to 94% ( @entity13254 ), for @entity413 from 10.6% to 13.6%, and for other minor @entity3363 from 8.6% to 58.9%. @entity6122 formation activation energies and the pre-exponential factors for the timber species and @entity13254 were in a range of 49-180 kJ/mol and from 7.5 x 10(4) to 2.6 x 10(20)min(-1), respectively. In addition, for @entity6122 degradation, the activation energies and the pre-exponential factors ranged from 130 to 170 kJ/mol and from 6.8 x 10(13) to 3.7 x 10(17)min(-1), respectively. There was a near linear dependence on acid concentration observed for @entity6122 degradation. Our results suggest that mixtures of biomass species may be processed together and still achieve high yields for all species.

title: Kinetic characterization for dilute @entity8316 hydrolysis of timber varieties and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6122 :: ('MESH:D014994', 'Chemical') :: ['Xylose', 'xylose']

entities_list: @entity8316 :: ('MESH:C033158', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfuric acid']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity13254 :: (38727,Species) :: ['switchgrass']


abstract: A technique to diagnose @entity548 ( @entity548 ), @entity548 ( @entity548 ), @entity1779 , and posthemorrhage @entity1276 in tiny @entity1 , using real time ultrasound studies of the brain ventricular system, is described. This is a bedside technique that visualizes the brain through the fontanelles and the sutures, in three planes: coronal, sagittal, and horizontal. Excellent visualization of the ventricular system, caudate nuclei, the thalamus, the choroid plexus, the corpus callosum, and the foramen of Monro is obtained. This method has good definition using high frequency transducers since there is no bone interference. The ultrasound diagnosis correlated well with computed tomography (CT) and with direct pathologic studies. This technique was more sensitive in diagnosing small @entity548 / @entity548 and organized clots than were CT studies. @entity548 / @entity548 were found in 90% of 113 @entity1 less than or equal to 34 weeks of gestation; 49% of the @entity548 were large and 41% were small. Most @entity548 were found in the first scan, usually shortly after birth. Twenty-one premature @entity1 who never had perinatal @entity1763 or @entity649 had @entity548 / @entity548 . The @entity548 were followed until disappearance, usually in one to three months in cases of large @entity548 .

title: Diagnosis and follow-up of intraventricular and @entity1779 by ultrasound studies of XXXX 's brain through the fontanelles and sutures.

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'subependymal hemorrhage', 'IVH', 'SEH', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: Contractures of the knee joint can interfere with orthotic fitting and prevent the @entity1 from being upright and ambulatory. Two types of knee @entity1159 are seen: flexion and extension. A @entity85 is more common in the thoracolumbar level and, when beyond 20 degrees, will require surgical treatment. The author reviewed his surgical experience with 23 knees undergoing a radical flexor release. With an average follow-up of 38 months, 10 knees showed no @entity1159 , 11 knees 5 to 10 degrees of @entity85 , and 1 knee a 15 @entity85 . Three knees had a simple tendon release with poor results. Fifteen knees with an extension @entity1159 were treated surgically (VY quadriceps lengthening). With a follow-up of 43 months, eight knees had 120 degrees of flexion, five 90 degrees, and two only 45 degrees. Three knees showed full recovery of quadriceps strength. It is concluded that a knee @entity85 will respond well to the radical flexor release. Prolonged splinting is important in order to avoid recurrence. An extension @entity1159 can be successfully treated by the VY quadriceps plasty with improvement in the @entity1 's gait and sitting.

title: Surgical management of knee XXXX in myelomeningocele.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['degrees deformity', 'flexion deformity']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture', 'contractures']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['contractures']


abstract: One hundred and twenty @entity1 with confirmed second degree haemorrhoids were randomly allocated to four treatment groups; injection, @entity2144 , maximal @entity384 , and haemorrhoidectomy. Each groups consisted of 30 @entity1 . All @entity1 were regularly followed up for at least one year. Assessment at one year showed that haemorrhoidectomy "cured" the haemorrhoids in 29 out of 30 @entity1 . Rubber band ligation relieved 25 out of 30 and maximal @entity384 24 out of 30. Injection was the least effective treatment, and relieved 18 of the 30 @entity1 , with a cure rate of 60% only. Haemorrhoidectomy caused @entity158 in all cases, @entity850 in two, @entity86 in two, and the @entity1 required an average hospital stay of 11.5 days and an average of a further 15.5 days off work. Rubber band ligation was painless in 26 @entity1 out of 30, and maximal @entity384 was painless in 25 our of 30. There were no postoperative complications in the latter two treatment groups. Haemorrhoidectomy is good in "curing" the disease, but the higher possibility of @entity282 and longer hospital stay would not justify its use in the treatment of second degree haemorrhoids. Both @entity2144 and maximal @entity384 are effective and relatively free from complications. Rubber band ligation has the additional advantage of not requiring hospital stay or anaesthesia and is therefore considered to be the most appropriate method of treatment for second degree haemorrhoids.

title: The treatment of second degree haemorrhoids by injection, @entity2144 , maximal XXXX , and haemorrhoidectomy: a prospective clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['anal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['rubber band ligation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain and complications']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['anal dilatation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prematurity and low birth weight are risk factors for the future development of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity101 caused by fewer nephrons with limited filtration surface area. Few reports to date have evaluated their clinical backgrounds and pathological findings, including glomerular @entity101 and @entity628 . CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: This report describes two @entity1 , a 15-year-old @entity1 ( @entity1 1), with a birth weight of 618  g and a gestational age of 24  weeks, and a 14-year-old @entity1 ( @entity1 2), with a birth weight of 842  g and a gestational age at 25  weeks. Both had a birth weight appropriate for gestational age. Both were first diagnosed with @entity644 during adolescence, and @entity1 2 also had @entity101 . Pathological findings included glomerulomegaly  in both and @entity1184 of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and perihilar @entity631 in @entity1 1, suggesting glomerular @entity101 . Treatment with @entity3593 resulted in the immediate disappearance of @entity644 . @entity8 was observed in both @entity1 , but neither showed evidence of severe aggravation after a follow-up of 5 or 6  years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity644 in both @entity1 was caused by glomerular @entity101 with hyperfiltration. @entity600 itself may be a risk factor for future @entity740 . Long-term follow-up of @entity1 born prematurely and at low birth weight, including urinalysis and blood pressure measurements, is necessary to diagnose and treat late @entity8 .

title: XXXX caused by glomerular @entity101 during adolescence associated with extremely premature birth: a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal complications', 'Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Extremely preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['Proteinuria']


abstract: An 18-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of recurrent @entity2065 involving her right dominant shoulder. Physical examination suggested physiologic hyperlaxity and anterior instability. Magnetic resonance arthrography demonstrated an anomalous intracapsular origin of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT), with normal-appearing LHBT in the intertubercular groove. Diagnostic arthroscopy confirmed the absence of the LHBT attachment on the superior labrum. Instead, the LHBT originated from the capsule of the shoulder joint. Diagnostic arthroscopy also revealed @entity155 of the glenohumeral ligaments (GAGL) lesion as a tear in the anterior-inferior capsule near its insertion on the glenoid and labrum. An arthroscopic anterior capsulolabral repair was performed with rotator interval closure by imbrication of superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments. A retrospective review of the magnetic resonance arthrogram identified irregularity and interposition of contrast between the capsule and the anterior-inferior labrum that was reproduced in the abduction-external rotation view corresponding with the GAGL lesion seen at arthroscopy. At 12 months postoperatively, the @entity1 demonstrated full range of motion and no signs of instability. This case report helps to raise awareness about 2 rare @entity75 : the anomalous origin of LHBT and the GAGL lesion. Diagnosing such lesions on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging may aid in operative planning and avoid unexpected intraoperative findings.

title: Intracapsular origin of the long head of the biceps tendon with XXXX of the glenohumeral ligaments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder lesions']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral dislocations']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['glenoid avulsion']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['glenoid avulsion']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of four @entity1 with proven @entity17991 ( @entity17991 ). These are the most northern cases reported from Scandinavia. Experience of turbo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has not previously been published in this context. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The MRI findings of four consecutive @entity1 with @entity17991 treated in our hospital during the year 2002 were evaluated. MRI was done during the first week of illness, and follow-up scans were available in three cases. RESULTS: In T2-weighted and turbo FLAIR images, thalamic hyperintensity was equally evident in three of the four @entity1 . One of them also showed hyperintensity in the left putamen and the internal capsule and another @entity1 in the peduncles and the hypothalamus. T1-weighted images without contrast were normal in all @entity1 , and leptomeningeal enhancement was detected in only one @entity1 . The two @entity1 who underwent DW images did not show any restricted diffusion. Follow-up MR images showed no @entity194 or @entity39 foci, and the @entity854 disappeared during 16-34 weeks of follow-up. CONCLUSION: T2-weighted and turbo FLAIR sequences proved equally effective in detecting and delineating the thalamic, brainstem, and basal ganglia pathologies. According to our results, mechanisms other than @entity2657 contribute to the signal pathology. Radiologists should be familiar with the MR findings of @entity17991 even in non-endemic areas.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging findings and outcome in severe XXXX . Report of four cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['TBE', 'tick-borne encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic edema']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['signal abnormalities']

answer: @entity17991 :: (MESH:D004675,Disease) :: ['tick-borne encephalitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity23346 ( @entity19984 ), a proinflammatory cytokine, is found in preformed stores in bladder epithelium. We examined the effects of @entity1069 on micturition frequency, bladder histology and bladder @entity19984 content as a model in which to study viscerovisceral reflexes mediating @entity32 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cystometry was performed in @entity4774 anesthetized male @entity35 . @entity406 or saline was injected into the ventral lobe of the prostate to induce @entity32 . Cystometry continued 1 hour after injection. The bladder, ventral lobes of the prostates and lumbosacral spinal cord were then removed, and protein levels and gene expression of @entity19984 , @entity4645 ( @entity4645 ) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were examined. @entity4 was verified histologically in the bladder and prostate. RESULTS: Intraprostatic @entity406 produced almost immediate @entity1494 , which was maintained during the observation period. Bladder @entity4 was noted during histological examination. Bladder @entity19984 protein amounts decreased, while @entity4645 and NGF increased after prostatic injection. Bladder @entity19984 , @entity4645 and NGF mRNA increased. In the lumbosacral spinal cord protein and mRNA amounts increased for all factors examined in animals that received intraprostatic @entity406 . No changes were observed in the cervical cord. @entity35 injected with @entity406 mixed with dye showed restriction of the dye to the prostate. CONCLUSIONS: A viscerovisceral reflex in the @entity35 , probably mediated by the lumbosacral spinal cord, produced @entity1494 and @entity1494 , and evoked @entity19984 release from the bladder and the induction of other inflammatory mediators. This supports our hypothesis that @entity19984 is involved in @entity13624 in the pelvic viscera and it may represent an interesting therapeutic target.

title: XXXX of the @entity35 prostate evokes release of @entity23346 in the bladder: evidence for a viscerovisceral reflex.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic visceral inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder edema', 'bladder hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin', 'Formalin']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23346 :: ('103694877', 'Gene') :: ['Macrophage migration inhibitory factor']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: Twenty-two cases of @entity2967 of soft tissues (GCT-ST) identified in the Mayo Clinic files and the consultation files of two of the authors (A.G.N., C.D.M.F.) were analyzed clinicopathologically. Age at presentation ranged from 5 to 80 years (median, 43 years), and there was no sex predilection (12 male, 10 female). Duration of symptoms ranged from 2 to 12 months (median, 4.5 months), and a painless growing mass was the most common complaint. The lower limbs were the most frequent location (50%), followed by the trunk (31.8%) and the upper limbs (13.6%). The size of the @entity5 ranged from 1 to 10 cm, and they tended to be superficial (86.4%), forming well-circumscribed (72.7%), multinodular (86.4%) masses. Histologically, all @entity5 consisted of a mixture of mononuclear cells showing vesicular, round to oval nuclei and osteoclastlike, multinucleated giant cells distributed uniformly throughout the @entity5 . Foci of stromal @entity548 were observed in 11 @entity5 (50%); nine @entity5 (40.1%) showed metaplastic bone formation and six (27.2%) showed @entity80 . @entity39 was absent in all but one @entity5 . Mitotic figures were present in all but one @entity5 , ranging from two to more than 30 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (HPFs; median, 9.5 mitoses per 10 HPFs) and were typical in aspect. Vascular invasion was identified in seven @entity5 (31.8%), and none of the @entity5 showed marked cellular atypia or pleomorphism. The @entity5 were treated surgically, and follow-up information was available for 16 @entity1 (duration of follow-up, 2 to 130 months; median, 51 months). Only one of the 16 @entity1 (6.2%) had local recurrence and lung metastases; this @entity1 died of the @entity5 . In conclusion, GCT-ST occurs as a primary soft-tissue @entity5 and is identical clinically and morphologically to @entity2968 . Provided that GCT-ST is treated adequately by complete excision, a benign clinical course is expected because episodes of distant metastasis and @entity5 -associated death seem to be exceedingly rare.

title: XXXX of soft tissues: a study of 22 cases.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal bone cystlike areas']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['Primary giant cell tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Psychotherapy and antidepressant medication are helpful to many @entity1 with @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ). However, a substantial number of bulimics respond poorly to such treatments. Recent studies suggest that many of the poor responders have @entity1314 . In some ways, the symptomatology of bulimics who have a comorbid cluster B disorder resembles that of @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). In particular, individuals in both groups frequently have a high level of impulsivity. Such a resemblance raised the question of whether administration of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ), a drug used to treat @entity71 , would have therapeutic effects in this subgroup of @entity1279 @entity1 . METHODS: In a pilot study, we administered @entity7541 to 2 @entity1 with @entity1279 and cluster B traits and found beneficial effects. These @entity1 had not responded to adequate trials of psychotherapy and selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). RESULTS: @entity7541 treatment was effective. Both @entity1 had decreased binging and purging. DISCUSSION: @entity7541 may be useful for bulimics with @entity1314 who respond poorly to conventional treatment. Further studies of @entity7541 administration may be worthwhile. Due to the potential risks, however, clinical treatment with this agent is not recommended at this time.

title: @entity2727 treatment for XXXX associated with a @entity1314 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['cluster B personality disorders', 'cluster B personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity1279 :: (MESH:D052018,Disease) :: ['bulimia nervosa']


abstract: In a review of 518 nonirradiated hysterectomy specimens with @entity1204 and 39 with @entity6962 , 86 cases were identified in which there were microscopic foci of malignant epithelium that failed to alter the architecture of an otherwise thin @entity3202 or weakly proliferative endometrium or endometrial polyp. These changes were interpreted to be @entity1204 in situ (ECIS). This change was present on the surface (SCIS), in isolated glands (GCIS), and in small (three to five) groups of glands (thin AH). For these three subtypes, neither papillations, stromal reaction, nor glandular epithelial bridging were present. When they were present and there was either no stromal reaction or the reaction was limited to one or two glands in the absence of myometrial invasion or endometrial architectural alteration, they were designated as thin @entity189 (thin CA), a fourth subtype of ECIS. For these @entity1 the age range was 50-90 years, with mean and median ages of 66 and 65 years, respectively. All but one @entity1 was known to be postmenopausal. In 66% of cases the endometrial @entity5 either was uterine papillary serous/clear cell @entity189 ( @entity6052 ) or contained an element of @entity6052 . Foci of ECIS were present adjacent to the @entity5 in 86%, isolated from the @entity5 in 59%, and diffuse in 16% of cases. It is proposed that in many postmenopausal @entity1 , either surface epithelium or individual glands undergo malignant transformation and then progress to an invasive @entity5 without an intervening phase of @entity1373 , particularly in cases with an element of @entity6052 .

title: @entity1204 in situ in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to assess the level of implementation of an @entity169 clinical pathway and its impact on the @entity1 satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An @entity169 clinical pathway was introduced in our service in January 2008. We studied all @entity1 included in the clinical pathway since its introduction. The evaluation variables included: level of implementation, indicators of effectiveness in clinical care, and indicators of satisfaction based on a questionnaire. RESULTS: During the first year of introducing the clinical pathway we operated on 582 @entity1 for @entity547 repair. We excluded 85 cases (14.6%) from the study, due to not fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The study was finally conducted with 497 @entity1 , 49 (9.8%) @entity1 and 448 (90.2%) @entity1 . The mean age of these @entity1 was 56.6 (21-88) years old. A right @entity547 repair was performed on 273 cases (54.3%) and 224 (45.7% on the left @entity547 . In 473 (95.2%) it was a primary @entity547 and a recurrence in 24 (4.8%). In 441(88.7%) it was a unilateral @entity547 and 56 (11.3%) a @entity547 . The mean length of hospital stay was 1.1 (1-119) days. The level of compliance with length of hospital stay was 96.8%. The level of compliance with surgical prevention was 87.7%. Level of document management by the nursing staff was 86.5% and for doctors it was 80,7%. Overall morbidity was 6%. The informed consent was correctly executed in 97,8% of the cases and 98.6% of @entity1 were given a final report on the day of leaving hospital. A total of 369 satisfaction questionnaires were collected, which was a response rate of 74.2%. Almost all (96%) @entity1 were satisfied with the received information, 87.6% said their @entity158 was managed correctly, and 81% found stay appropriate, and 95% said their hospital stay was between acceptable and good. The level of satisfaction with the care received was 97.5%, and 97.4% of the @entity1 studied would recommend the hospital to a friend or family. CONCLUSION: The introduction of a clinical pathway for @entity169 has led to a good integration, the services involved in the same. @entity1 have expressed a high level of satisfaction with the service received, but there are aspects that we must improve: in the information and communication with the @entity1 , the action protocols, evaluation criteria, the VC   clinical pathway? Registers, and the satisfaction survey model.

title: [Evaluation of a clinical pathway of the XXXX in a general surgery service].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hernia', 'hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: @entity507 has been used effectively in @entity311 treatment. With the emerging resistance to @entity311 , the optimum and judicial use of the drug has become important. The drug metabolism and toxicology can have an impact on the therapeutic profile and clinical use of this antimalarial agent. In this review, we discuss the pharmacokinetics and toxicological aspects of @entity507 and its therapeutic implications. @entity17743 have several dosing routes including oral, intramuscular, intravenous and rectal. With repeated dosing, @entity507 has propensity for autoinduction, leading to decreased plasma levels on repeated dosing. Combination with other antimalarials in most cases did not influence the pharmacokinetics of @entity17743 . Interactions with @entity12325 inhibitors are known but these neither affect the efficacy nor the @entity137 of the respective derivative. @entity17743 are generally regarded to be of low @entity137 . Two major problems associated with them are @entity2359 and reproductive @entity137 . But the extent of this @entity2359 is dependent on the nature of the compound, on the route of administration, and on the nature of the formulation. Moreover, it occurs in @entity1 at very high doses. However, as a matter of precaution, the use of @entity17743 in the first trimester of pregnancy has been contraindicated.

title: Pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile of XXXX compounds: an update.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity17743 :: ('MESH:D037621', 'Chemical') :: ['Artemisinins', 'artemisinins']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['Artemisinin', 'artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity507 :: (MESH:C031327,Chemical) :: ['artemisinin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled animal model. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the readministration of @entity1 recombinant @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) induces an immune response and inhibits successful fusion in repeat posterolateral spinal surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Little research has been performed on the effectiveness or immunoreactivity of rhBMP-2 (Infuse, Medtronic, Memphis, @entity7443 ) in the context of its reuse in posterolateral fusion spinal surgery at adjacent levels. METHODS: A total of 34 New Zealand White @entity95 underwent posterior intertransverse process fusion with the use of rhBMP-2 delivered on an absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS). Two @entity95 were killed early leaving 32 total @entity95 . Serologic studies (Type I bovine collagen and rhBMP-2 antibodies) were obtained at 2-week intervals throughout the experiment. At 10 weeks, posteroanterior radiographs confirmed solid fusion masses in all @entity95 . The 32 @entity95 were randomly separated into 2 groups of 16, and each group underwent an adjacent level, bilateral intertransverse process fusion with either rhBMP-2/ACS or iliac crest. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in fusion rates with repeat use of rhBMP-2 (n = 15/16, 94%) or iliac crest (n = 11/16, 69%) (P = 0.17) at the adjacent level. Four @entity95 (n = 4/32, 13%) developed rhBMP-2 antibodies. Of these 4 @entity95 , 1 developed anti-rhBMP antibodies after the first exposure and 3 developed antibodies after the second surgery. Eight @entity95 (n = 8/32, 25%) developed collagen antibodies with 7 rabbits developing antibodies after the first exposure and 1 rabbit developing antibodies after the second exposure. The development of antibodies did not effect fusion rates. No @entity95 demonstrated evidence of a systemic or anaphylactic reaction to repeat exposure to rhBMP-2. CONCLUSION: rhBMP-2 appears to be successful in promoting intertransverse fusions when used in both primary and repeat fusion environments. The infrequent development of antibodies to rhBMP-2 after re-exposure occurs without a predictable time course suggesting that host immunologic variation may play a role. This animal study would tend to support early clinical data emerging on the reuse of @entity9040 for lumbar fusion, suggesting an acceptable fusion rate without a high incidence of complications.

title: Repeat use of XXXX recombinant @entity1841 for second level lumbar arthrodesis.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the effects of Project @entity167 and Substance Abuse Services Education and Referral to Treatment (ASSERT), an @entity341 ( @entity341 )-based screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment program for unhealthy @entity167 and other drug use. METHODS: Health promotion advocates (HPAs) screened @entity341 @entity1 for @entity167 and/or drug problems 7 days a week using questions embedded in a general health questionnaire. @entity1 with unhealthy drinking and/or drug use received a brief negotiation interview (BNI), with the goal of reducing @entity167 /drug use and/or accepting a referral to a specialized treatment facility (STF), depending on severity of use. @entity1 referred to an STF were followed up at 1 month by phone or contact with the STF to determine referral completion and enrollment into the treatment program. RESULTS: Over a 5-year period (December 1999 through December 2004), 22,534 adult @entity341 @entity1 were screened. A total of 10,246 (45.5%) reported @entity167 consumption in the past 30 days, of whom 5,533 (54%) exceeded the National Institute on @entity167 Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) guidelines for low-risk drinking. Use of at least one illicit drug was reported by 3,530 @entity1 (15.7%). Over one-fourth of screened @entity1 received BNIs (6,266, or 27.8%). Of these, 3,968 (63%) were referred to an STF. Eighty-three percent of @entity1 were followed at 1 month, and 2,159 (65%) had enrolled in a program. @entity1 who received a direct admission to an STF were 30 times more likely to enroll than those who were indirectly referred (odds ratio = 30.71; 95% confidence interval = 18.48 to 51.04). After 3 years, funding for Project ASSERT was fully incorporated into the @entity341 budget. CONCLUSIONS: Project ASSERT has been successfully integrated into an urban @entity341 . A direct, facilitated referral for @entity1 with @entity167 and other drug problems results in a high rate of enrollment in treatment programs.

title: Integrating Project ASSERT: a screening, intervention, and referral to treatment program for unhealthy @entity167 and drug use into an urban XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of @entity73 . DESIGN: A retrospective study of 20 @entity1 who developed @entity428 as the result of @entity73 . SETTING: Three neuro-ophthalmologic referral centers. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 had noncompressive @entity715 of sagittal or lateral sinuses (noncompressive group), four had compression of the sagittal sinus or jugular veins (compressive group), and six had transient sinus @entity715 following surgical procedures (iatrogenic group). INTERVENTIONS: Medical and/or surgical treatment of @entity428 and of underlying conditions predisposing to @entity432 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptoms ( @entity10 and @entity5971 ) and signs (visual acuity, visual fields, and optic disc appearance) of @entity428 . RESULTS: @entity10 was more severe, @entity5971 was more prevalent, and onset was more abrupt in the noncompressive group than in the compressive and iatrogenic groups. Among the 10 @entity1 with noncompressive @entity715 , factors predisposing to @entity715 were present in seven @entity1 but sometimes overlooked. Following treatment, visual outcome was generally favorable in all three groups. All @entity1 had 20/30 or better visual acuity in at @entity227 was present in both eyes of only two @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestation of impaired cerebral venous outflow vary depending on the underlying mechanism. Although most @entity1 maintain @entity227 , more aggressive treatment is sometimes indicated in @entity1 with @entity715 or compression. The abrupt onset and marked severity of symptoms in @entity1 with @entity715 should help to differentiate these @entity1 from those with @entity5576 .

title: Neuro-ophthalmic features of cerebral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['good vision', 'least one eye, and substantial visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cerebral drainage', 'impaired cranial venous outflow']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esodeviation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['venous obstruction']


abstract: We now describe experiments that allow one to determine the consequences of B cell reduction alone vs. those that result from superimposed mild @entity4854 . Male CD @entity35 underwent a 60% pancreatectomy (Px); controls were sham operated. 1 wk later, either 10% sucrose (SUC) was substituted as fluid supply or tap water @entity400 ( @entity400 ). Plasma @entity413 and insulin values in Px- @entity400 remained equal to the sham groups; in Px-SUC the values were euglycemic for 25 d, but then nonfasting plasma @entity413 rose 15 mg/dl. After 6 wk, B cell mass in Px- @entity400 was reduced by 45% and non-B cell mass by 57%. In contrast, in Px-SUC both masses were comparable to the sham groups. The insulin response to 27.7 mM @entity413 was measured using the in vitro perfused pancreas. The responses were reduced in Px- @entity400 but in proportion to their reduced B cell mass; in contrast, it was 75% less than expected in Px-SUC. Also, the response to @entity369 given at 16.7 mM @entity413 was reduced only in Px-SUC. These results show that a lowering of B cell mass that does not result in @entity4854 has no adverse effect on the remaining B cells. On the other hand, if even mild @entity4854 develops, B cell function becomes impaired and results in @entity146 and insulin responses to marked stimuli.

title: Minimal chronic XXXX is a critical determinant of impaired insulin secretion after an incomplete pancreatectomy.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriately reduced insulin stores']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['WAT', 'was continued']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: Body surface mapping (map) was used to evaluate various @entity299 quantitatively. For 30 cases with old @entity583 ( @entity583 ), map parameters were compared with @entity1188 size assessed by left ventriculography and 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy (LV% asynergy and 201Tl% defect, respectively). Parameters used in the present study were nSubtraction 40 (sigma Subtr. 40), which were obtained by the summation of voltages less than the lower limit of normal range (mean--2SD) at 40 msec from the QRS onset and nSubtraction 10-60 (sigma Subtr. 10-60), which was obtained by the integral of voltages below the normal range, calculated each 10 msec to 60 msec, as well as the number of lead points with Q waves of 30, 40 msec duration (nQ30, nQ40), and the summation of R voltages over the entire body surface (sigma R). In 19 cases with @entity337 ( @entity337 ), R and S voltages in each lead were compared with left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDd) obtained by echocardiography. In 43 healthy @entity1 and two @entity1 with RV pacing, the ventricular activation time was measured in each lead (VAT map). In @entity583 , nSubtr. 40 correlated best with LV% asynergy (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001). EF and 201Tl% defect were related to nSubtr. 10-60 (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.85, p less than 0.001, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Quantitative evaluation of various XXXX using body surface mapping].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac diseases']


abstract: Endobronchial metastasis is generally a late finding of @entity5 or may be determined before the diagnosis of @entity5 . We present a rare case of primary transitional and signet-ring cell @entity150 that occurred with @entity3483 and endobronchial metastasis. A 71-year-old @entity1 complained of @entity1353 and @entity811 . He was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a prediagnosis of @entity1576 . He had decreased respiratory sounds and fine rales bilaterally at the lung bases. @entity1576 worsened, and he was placed on mechanical ventilation. Radiograph and computed tomogram revealed bilateral effusion and metastatic nodules in the lung parenchyma. Subsequent abdominal computed tomogram revealed a mass in the urinary bladder, and transurethral biopsy indicated transitional @entity189 (modified Bergvist grade IIIB, and World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology higher-grade urothelial @entity1377 ) and @entity2580 , with @entity3 , consistent with the pathology findings. Our treatment plan was radical cysto-prostatectomy, followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but because of his very poor medical status, the operation was not performed. On the 5th ICU day he died from severe @entity1576 , despite intensive supportive therapy. This case highlights the need to rule out @entity5 in other organs in @entity1 admitted with severe respiratory symptoms.

title: Endobronchial metastasis of a primary transitional-cell and signet-ring cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['signet-ring cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory failure', 'respiratory failure', 'acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: According to reports by the Ministry of Health, in the far western region of the State of Santa Catarina, there have been no reports of @entity3358 , a zoonotic disease transmitted by feces of infected rodents. A seroepidemiological study of residents of this region, was conducted, with the aim of determining the presence of @entity9673 . A total of 340 volunteers of both genus, from the towns of Belmonte and Para  so, were studied. METHODS: The serum of these @entity1 was collected and used to detect IgG antibodies against recombinant N protein of Araraquara hantavirus, by ELISA assay. The positive samples were then titrated and confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: This study demonstrated the presence of IgG antibodies against hantavirus N protein in 3.5% of the population. The most frequent occupation was farm worker, 81% had direct and indirect contact with rodents, 91.7% of positive cases were farm workers, indicating that the probable cause of @entity281 occurred during barn cleaning. These antibodies are noteworthy, given that the levels of antibodies were verified in individuals whose contact with hantavirus may have occurred many years ago. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the circulation of hantavirus in the region, a fact that until now, had not reported. All the serum reagents had contact with the pathogen, but did not develop @entity65 . It is important to remain alert, because hantavirus is a serious and emerging disease of some relevance.

title: Serosurvey of @entity9673 in XXXX in the border region between Brazil and Argentina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3358 :: ('MESH:D018804', 'Disease') :: ['hantavirus pulmonary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9673 :: ('MESH:D018778', 'Disease') :: ['hantavirus infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of @entity2400 on the pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries, according to the persistency or not of the bilateral protodiastolic notch of the uterine arteries in severe @entity1468 . METHODS: A cohort study including 40 pregnant @entity1 with severe @entity1468 , 23 of them presenting bilateral protodiastolic notch, and 17, unilateral/absent notch. The @entity1 were submitted to Doppler velocimetry before and 20 minutes after the intravenous administration of 6 g of @entity2400 . The examination was carried out with the @entity1 in semi-Fowler position, the sonograms being obtained during fetal inactivity, in @entity386 and absent uterine contraction periods. All the exams were performed by two researchers, the average being considered as the final result. Wilcoxon's test was used to compare the PI, before and after @entity2400 in both groups. The difference between the two measurements (before and after @entity2400 ) was compared between the groups (bilateral incision and unilateral/absent incision) using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the maternal heart rate (MHR) and decrease in the maternal blood pressure, and in the PI medians of the two uterine arteries and in the fetal middle cerebral artery, after @entity2400 in both groups. There was a significant decrease in the PI of the left uterine artery and in the umbilical artery, only in the protodiastolic unilateral/absent notch group. Nevertheless, it was not found any significant difference regarding the PI of the right uterine artery, or the cerebral/umbilical relationship, before and after @entity2400 in each group. No difference between the groups was found, before and after @entity2400 , for any of the studied outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: After the intravenous administration of 6 g of @entity2400 to @entity1 with severe @entity1468 , a decrease in blood pressure and in the PI of the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries occurs, besides the increase in the MHR, not influenced by the presence of bilateral protodiastolic notch in the uterine arteries.

title: [Effect of magnesium sulfate on pulsatility index of uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries according to the persistence of bilateral diastolic notch of uterine arteries in @entity1 with severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical usefulness of a structured reporting system based on ultrasound findings for management of @entity4134 . METHODS: This was a prospective multicenter study comprising 432 @entity4134 in 372 @entity1 (mean age, 44.0 (range, 13-78) years) over a 36-month period. Ninety-three (25%) @entity1 were postmenopausal and 279 (75%) @entity1 were premenopausal. @entity1 were evaluated with transvaginal ultrasound by one of three examiners expert in gynecological ultrasound. Reporting was provided to referring clinicians according to the Gynecologic Imaging Report and Data System (GI-RADS) classification. A predetermined management protocol was offered to referral clinicians. It was suggested that @entity1 classified as GI-RADS 2 be managed with follow-up scan, @entity1 classified as GI-RADS 3 undergo laparoscopic surgery and @entity1 classified as GI-RADS 4 or 5 be referred to a gynecologic oncologist. Definitive histologic diagnosis was available in 370 cases and 62 additional cases were considered as benign because of spontaneous resolution during follow-up. These outcomes were used as the gold standard for calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of GI-RADS classification for identifying @entity4134 at high risk of @entity5 , considering GI-RADS 4 and 5 as being malignant. RESULTS: Of the 432 @entity5 , 112 were malignant and 320 benign. The GI-RADS classification rate was as follows: GI-RADS 2, 92 (21%) cases; GI-RADS 3, 184 (43%) cases; GI-RADS 4, 40 (9%) cases; GI-RADS 5, (27%) 116 cases. Sensitivity for this system was 99.1% (95% CI, 95.1-99.8%), specificity was 85.9% (95% CI, 81.7-89.3%), LR+ was 7.05 (95% CI, 5.37-9.45) and LR- was 0.01 (95% CI, 0.001-0.07). @entity2286 and NPV were 71.1% and 99.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The GI-RADS reporting system performed well in identifying @entity4134 at high risk of @entity5 and seems to be useful for clinical decision-making.

title: GI-RADS reporting system for ultrasound evaluation of XXXX in clinical practice: a prospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal masses']


abstract: In the treatment of @entity158 management, physicians employ a variety of drugs, ranging from low-impact to highly potent, and to maximize @entity1 health, urine toxicology analyses can significantly improve the delivery of @entity158 treatment. Drugs such as opioids that are used for @entity158 management are peculiar in that they provide effective @entity158 relief and have a high risk of addiction. The use of illicit drugs in the general population has been on the rise; however, self-reporting and close monitoring of @entity1 behavior are insufficient means to detect drug abuse and confirm compliance. Therefore, in order to create more effective drug treatment plans, physicians must understand and account for the implications of @entity1 drug use history. Urine toxicology analysis is an important tool for @entity158 physicians because it is more sensitive than most alternative blood tests, more efficient and cost-effective. Urine testing in addition to improving @entity1 @entity158 management also has forensic and legal implications. There are however limitations to urine toxicology methods as they can produce false-positive and false-negative results and are prone to @entity1 error and sample contamination There is also a need for more specific and rapid urine drug testing. Healthcare professionals should therefore be familiar with the limitations of various urine drug testing methods, and possess skills necessary to properly interpret these results. This review suggests that the overall benefits incurred by both the @entity1 's short-term and long-term health support the routine integration of urine toxicology analysis in routine clinical care. In addition to improving health care and @entity1 health, it has a strong potential to improve @entity1 -physician relationships and protects the interest of involved healthcare practitioners.

title: The implications of urine drug testing in XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum pepsinogen (PG) measurement has been used for @entity356 screening since the 1990s. However, there are no reports comparing the screening validity of the PG test method with that of conventional X-ray examination directly in the same population, using a follow-up study. METHODS: From April 2000 to March 2001, 12 120 residents of Osaka Prefecture, who underwent opportunistic screening at a medical checkup organization in Osaka city (hereafter, "the organization"), were enrolled. They received both a barium meal examination and PG test simultaneously. All the @entity1 were followed up for a 1-year period after the screening. For the @entity1 advised to undergo endoscopic examination, the results of those who were examined at the organization were tallied. The other @entity1 were checked using the Osaka Cancer Registry (hereafter, "the registry"). RESULTS: Of the 12 120 @entity1 , 493 (4.1%) were positive with the PG method and 728 (6.0%) were positive with the X-ray method. Fifty-four (0.4%) were positive for both methods. Thirteen @entity356 cases were diagnosed by successive esophagogastroduodenoscopies at the organization. Six additional @entity356 cases were identified by record linkage with the registry. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of the PG method with a @entity7597 cutoff level of <or=30 ng/ml and @entity7597 / @entity7598 ratio of <or=2.0 were 36.8%, 96.0%, and 1.4%, respectively. These values for the direct X-ray examination were 68.4%, 94.1%, and 1.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The PG test method alone with a @entity7597 cutoff level of <or=30 ng/ml and @entity7597 / @entity7598 <or= 2.0 is not appropriate for @entity356 screening.

title: Validation of the pepsinogen test method for XXXX screening using a follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity842 modifies free radical-mediated cell processes in multiple in vivo and in vitro systems. The aim of this study was to determine the role of hepatocyte production of NO in oxidative injury. METHODS: @entity35 hepatocytes in primary culture were incubated with @entity10737 , a source of @entity224 . Interleukin (IL) 1 was added to induce NO synthesis. Injury was determined by @entity492 aminotransferase (AST), @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels. RESULTS: @entity10738 -induced injury increased AST and @entity1865 levels and decreased @entity2197 levels in control and IL-1-treated cells. Inhibition of NO synthesis in IL-1-treated cells significantly increased AST and @entity1865 production while enhancing @entity2197 depletion. In the presence of @entity224 dismutase or @entity10739 , an exogenous source of NO, injury was decreased or abolished. NO production was significantly increased with oxidative stress. In @entity10738 -induced injury in IL-1-stimulated hepatocytes, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction showed significantly increased levels of @entity1506 messenger RNA, whereas immunoblot analysis showed similarly increased levels of @entity1506 protein. CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity35 hepatocyte model of IL-1/ @entity10738 -mediated injury, NO, derived from endogenous synthesis or an exogenous donor, is protective. Oxidative stress may have a role in the transcriptional control of NO synthesis.

title: Interleukin 1-induced production of @entity842 inhibits @entity10738 -mediated oxidative injury in XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity10738 :: ('CHEBI:22707', 'Chemical') :: ['benzenetriol', 'Benzenetriol']

entities_list: @entity10739 :: ('MESH:C091665', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-albumin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A 64-year-old male was found to have a @entity356 (Borrmann type 3) on the posterior wall of the stomach. Histological diagnosis was poorly differentiated @entity420 . Ultrasonography revealed a @entity75 (18 x 14 mm) in the anteroinferior segment (S5) of the liver. The biopsy specimens from those lesions proved to be poorly differentiated @entity420 . Total gastrectomy and distal pancreatosplenectomy were performed. During the operation, other liver @entity3 were found in the anterosuperior segment (S8) and inferolateral segment (S3). @entity20941 (800 mg/day) was administered per os from the 33 rd postoperative day. The @entity75 in liver disappeared in the 17th postoperative month. The @entity1 is healthy with no evidence of recurrence 47 months after the operation. This case is very important because of the long-term CR.

title: [A case of advanced @entity356 with liver XXXX disappeared by oral administration of @entity20941 after absolute non-curative operation].

entities_list: @entity20941 :: ('MESH:C025034|MESH:C534213', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic lesion of S5', 'hypoechoic lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity5092 , the zoonotic cause of @entity6588 , can infect numerous mammals and other eukaryotes. Although studying @entity5092 pathogenesis is essential to comprehending disease, @entity1 @entity281 is just one step in the ecology of @entity5092 species. @entity5092 has been isolated from aquatic environments and arthropod vectors, environments in which chitin could serve as a potential @entity505 source and as a surface for attachment and growth. We show that @entity15943 forms biofilms during the colonization of chitin surfaces. The ability of @entity5092 to persist using chitin as a sole @entity505 source is dependent on chitinases, since mutants lacking chiA or chiB are attenuated for chitin colonization and biofilm formation in the absence of exogenous sugar. A genetic screen for biofilm mutants identified the Sec translocon export pathway and 14 secreted proteins. We show that these genes are important for initial attachment during biofilm formation. We generated defined deletion mutants by targeting two chaperone genes (secB1 and secB2) involved in Sec-dependent secretion and four genes that encode putative secreted proteins. All of the mutants were deficient in attachment to @entity852 and chitin surfaces and for biofilm formation compared to wild-type @entity15943 . In contrast, mutations in the Sec translocon and secreted factors did not affect virulence. Our data suggest that biofilm formation by @entity5092 promotes persistence on chitin surfaces. Further study of the interaction of @entity5092 with the chitin microenvironment may provide insight into the environmental survival and transmission mechanisms of this pathogen.

title: Contributions of XXXX chitinases and Sec secretion system to biofilm formation on chitin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis', 'F. tularensis', 'Francisella']

entities_list: @entity15943 :: ('264', 'Species') :: ['F. tularensis subsp. novicida', 'F. novicida']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6588 :: ('MESH:D014406', 'Disease') :: ['tularemia']

answer: @entity15943 :: (264,Species) :: ['Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida']


abstract: AIMS: The study sought to investigate the relationship of @entity296 detected by @entity452 stress echocardiography to changes of @entity1162 and to the presence of @entity943 during @entity452 infusion in @entity1 with old @entity583 . We also examined whether patency of the @entity1188 is associated with the presence of @entity296 and @entity1162 . BACKGROUND: @entity1162 and @entity296 have been associated with the presence of @entity943 during late post @entity1188 but not during @entity452 stress. Restoration of anterograde coronary flow has beneficial effects on ventricular systolic function and repolarization, suggesting that the extent of viable myocardium may determine ventricular repolarization. METHODS: Seventy five @entity1 with previous @entity583 were studied in a low dose (up to 20 microg(-1) x kg(-1) x @entity1009 )) @entity452 stress echocardiography study. ECGs were obtained at rest and peak stress for measurement of QT intervals. The presence of @entity943 (Lown grade >lb) during stress was noted. A reduction in the total wall motion score of the left ventricle at peak stress confirmed the presence of @entity296 . RESULTS: @entity452 infusion increased @entity1162 in all @entity1 (P<0.01). @entity1 with @entity296 had a lower resting @entity1162 (P<0.05) and a greater increase in @entity1162 % (P<0.01) than @entity1 without. The combination of a resting @entity1162 <65 ms or an increase in @entity1162 >30% predicted viability with a sensitivity of 67%, a specificity of 96%, and an accuracy of 78%. A patent @entity1188 , as well as @entity943 , were more commonly observed in @entity1 with evidence of viable myocardium (P<0.05). @entity1 with @entity943 had a higher @entity1162 than @entity1 without (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The combination of a resting @entity1162 +/-65 ms or an increase in @entity1162 >30% predicts the presence of viable myocardium and thus, may represent a simple index for the assessment of viability in everyday clinical practice. Myocardial viability is related to a patent coronary artery and to a high incidence of @entity943 accompanied by a greater increase in @entity1162 at peak @entity452 infusion.

title: Dispersion of ventricular repolarization is determined by the presence of @entity296 in XXXX with old @entity583 . A @entity452 stress echocardiography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial variability', 'myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 73-year-old @entity1 developed a fulminant form of @entity5011 with @entity3308 . Antibodies to GQ1b were positive (1:180). The clinical findings mimicked a " @entity1620 " pattern for a period of 12 days. In contrast, the EEG showed remaining cerebral electrical activity. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials, long-latency auditory potentials and flash-evoked visual potentials were normal. However, no peripheral and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials could be elicited. Accordingly, nerve conduction studies were indicative of motor and @entity16 . After 5 months, the @entity1 had no apparent @entity73 but was still quadriplegic and dependent from the mechanical ventilation. He died on day 158 from @entity580 , without motor recovery. Other published cases with a similar admission pattern were reviewed. The prognosis is usually very poor; as most of the @entity1 died or remained severely disabled.

title: @entity5011 mimicking XXXX pattern: a poorly reversible condition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['abolition of brainstem reflexes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory axonal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barrd syndrome']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity1620 :: (MESH:D001926,Disease) :: ['brain death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Integra   has already established its role in acute @entity130 and scar management. It can also be used to cover non-vascularised wounds such as exposed bone resulting from @entity130 or @entity5 resection. The aim of this series was to review all cases that underwent Integra   reconstruction following @entity5 excision. In particular we were interested in the use of Integra for day-case and local anaesthetic procedures in cases where excision was required down to bone or tendon. METHODS: All @entity1 who had Integra reconstruction over a three-year period were prospectively followed. A total of 14 cases were identified for inclusion into the series. In each case @entity1 factors such @entity1095 , age and @entity1 choice meant that traditional methods of reconstruction were not possible. As a result a staged Integra   reconstruction was performed. RESULTS: The 14 cases comprised 11 (78%) males and 3 (22%) females with the majority being diagnosed with @entity957 , 3 (40%) or @entity320 , 3 (20%). The most common operative sites were digital (5) and scalp (6) in 72% of the cases. The average graft take was 87%. There were 4 early, 4 delayed and 3 late complications in a total of 8 @entity1 mostly resulting in a delay in healing. In 6/14 @entity1 (43%) there were no complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 excision and wide local excision may leave @entity1 with defects requiring complex reconstructive surgery. The options available are often compounded by various @entity1 factors. In complex cases we have found the use of Integra   to be a safe and viable alternative to traditional methods of wound closure.

title: Experience of Integra(  ) in XXXX reconstructive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant Melanomas']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIMS: Luminal administration of a preservation solution that prevents @entity3137 may @entity532 . However, luminal administration of University of Wisconsin solution (UW) is controversial. In this study, we examined the potential of Celsior as a luminal small bowel preservation solution in comparison to UW or UW enriched with @entity1160 . METHODS: Small bowels of six normal WagRij @entity35 were excised and divided into six equal segments. Each segment was luminally flushed with 10 mL ice-cold UW, UW with @entity1160 (20 g/L) or Celsior, and stored for 0, 2.5, and 24 hours at 4 degrees C. LDH, @entity413 , and @entity880 concentrations were determined in the preservation solutions. Histologic changes were determined using the Park score. RESULTS: @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased in all solutions after 2.5- and after 24-hour preservation. However, LDH was lower in Celsior than UW and UW with @entity1160 . Furthermore, higher @entity413 and @entity880 levels were found after 2.5- and 24-hour preservation in UW and UW with @entity1160 compared to Celsior. Histologically, jejunal segments were more susceptible to preservation than ileal segments, irrespective of the preservation solution used. @entity3137 was evident after 2.5 hours (Park Scale 0-3) and increased significantly after 24 hours (park scale 3-6). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the lower @entity413 , @entity880 , and LDH levels in small intestines stored in Celsior, this study suggests that Celsior is a better luminal preservation solution than UW. Unfortunately, histological evaluations still show severe @entity3137 , indicating that there is a need for better luminal preservation solutions or for concomittant intravascular delivery of a preservation solution.

title: Luminal preservation of XXXX small intestine with University of Wisconsin or Celsior solution.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['decrease posttransplant complications']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['Mucosal injury', 'mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e14094 Background: Cetuximab demonstrated survival outcome improvement in metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). Cetuximab was first launched as a second-line therapy in mCRC. In July 2008, this indication was extended to first-line therapy and restricted to mCRC @entity1 with wild-type (wt) @entity984 gene. We present here the preliminary results of the French EREBUS cohort study to describe cetuximab prescription patterns according to @entity984 status in a real-life setting. METHODS: EREBUS is a cohort study conducted in 93 French centres. @entity1 initiating cetuximab between Jan and Dec 2009 were identified from nominative hospital pharmacy dispensations. The cohort included mCRC @entity1 treated in first-line were followed for 12 months to evaluate the rate of @entity3 resection, usage patterns, safety and effectiveness of cetuximab. RESULTS: To date, 1044 @entity1 treated by cetuximab for @entity14 have been identified. The investigation of @entity984 status was performed in 94.3% @entity1 , and of these 94.7% had wt @entity984 gene. The investigation was performed on primary @entity5 (83.0%), on @entity3 (16.0%) or both (1.0%). The main reasons of absence of @entity984 status investigation were: previous treatment by cetuximab (63.4%) and absence of available @entity5 material or technical issue with analysis (26.8%). Investigation of @entity470 expression was performed for only 2.4% @entity1 . Cetuximab was mainly prescribed in mCRC (97.9%): 34.5% as first-line therapy, 34.1% as second-line, 21.4% as third-line and 9.6% as fourth-line or more. Investigation of @entity984 and wt status were similar whatever the type of treatment (investigation: between 93.2% and 100.0%; wt status: between 93.6% and 100.0%). Among the 74 mCRC @entity1 treated in first-line: cetuximab was combined with @entity2600 -based regimen (61.6%), @entity901 -based regimen (37.0%) or FOLFIRINOX (1.4%). Cetuximab was given weekly (31.1%) or every 2 weeks (68.9%). CONCLUSIONS: EREBUS is the first post-marketing cohort study conducted in France to describe the usage patterns of cetuximab. Extensive investigation of @entity984 status and the high proportion of @entity1 with wt status indicates adherence to market authorisation, although @entity470 expression remains rarely investigated.

title: Use of cetuximab in a real-life setting in France with respect to XXXX status: Preliminary results of EREBUS cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: Prior epidemiologic studies have shown that increasing body mass index (BMI) is associated with higher total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL). However, these studies were limited by underrepresentation of @entity28 subjects. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between BMI and lipid profiles in a population of @entity1 with a broad spectrum of BMI values. A case-control study was performed involving @entity1 seen at the Cleveland Clinic Florida. Cases (BMI >30 kg/m(2)) were obtained from the @entity28 surgery database between August 31, 2000, and April 4, 2002. Controls (BMI  <= 30 kg/m(2)) were obtained from a database of primary care physicians between May 1, 2004, and November 18, 2004. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between BMI and lipid fractions. Multiple linear regression was performed to assess the independent effect of BMI on lipid levels while adjusting for potential confounders and propensity scores. Six hundred thirty-seven @entity1 were analyzed (females, n = 362, 57%). There was no association between higher BMI and LDL (r = 0.19 p = 0.07), a negative association with high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL; r = 0.45, p < 0.001), and a positive association with the log transformation of @entity1674 (r = 0.32, p = 0.005).Higher BMI was inversely associated with HDL and directly associated with TG. BMI showed no significant association with LDL. Although the association between BMI and both HDL and TG may be explained by insulin resistance, the lack of a significant association between BMI and LDL remains an unexpected finding that requires further investigation.

title: Association of body mass index and lipid profiles: evaluation of a broad spectrum of body mass index @entity1 including the morbidly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']