abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1904 concentration increases in @entity2348 but remains @entity1800 and inflammatory diseases. The change is rapid and the molecule is stable making it a potentially useful marker for distinguishing between @entity2348 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1904 (PCT) was determined with an immunoluminometric assay on plasma collected at admission in 436 @entity1 and @entity1 hospitalized for @entity2348 . It was compared with @entity1851 , @entity650 and interferon-alpha measured on the same sample. RESULTS: PCT was 41.3 +/- 77.4 micrograms/l in @entity1 with @entity295 or @entity4008 (n = 53), 0.39 +/- 0.57 microgram/l in @entity1 with @entity1800 (n = 274) and 3.9 +/- 5.9 micrograms/l in @entity1 with a localized @entity2348 who had a negative blood culture (n = 109). PCT was > 1 microgram/l in 126 @entity1 with a localized or systemic @entity2348 (sensitivity 78%). PCT was < 1 microgram/l in 258 @entity1 with a @entity1800 (specificity 94%). For differenciation between viral and @entity2348 , @entity1851 value > or = 20 mg/l, @entity650 > 100 pg/ml and interferon-alpha > 0 Ul/ml have 85, 48 and 76% sensitivity and 73, 85 and 92% specificity respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a PCT value of 1 microgram/l or greater had better specificity, sensitivity and predictive value than @entity1851 , @entity650 and interferon-alpha in @entity1 for distinguishing between viral and @entity2348 . PCT may be useful in pediatric emergency room for making decision about antibiotic treatments.

title: [ @entity1904 in pediatric emergencies: comparison with XXXX , @entity650 and interferon alpha in the differentiation between @entity2348 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial or viral infection', 'bacterial infection', 'bacterial and viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['low in viral infections', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: Treatment of the @entity3202 is challenging especially when bone graft procedures are necessary. In this study an onlay bone graft, a saddle or veneer, with or without maxillary sinus floor inlay graft, harvested from the anterior iliac crest, in combination with implants was used in the reconstruction of @entity1 with extreme @entity194 in their maxillae. The aim was to investigate treatment outcome, and the impact of gender and smoking, in 44 @entity1 in a prospective, long-term, follow-up study concerning implant survival rate and marginal @entity604 adjacent to the surfaces of the implant. Mean follow-up time was 11 years. Of 334 inserted Br  nemark implants, with machined surface, 27 failed. Estimated implant survival rate was 90%. Marginal @entity604 was 1.8 mm 1 year after implant surgery; 2.3 mm after 5 years; and 2.4 mm after 10 years. There was a significant difference between genders in implant survival. Marginal @entity604 differed significantly between smokers and non-smokers up to the 5-year examination and between genders after the 4-year examination. The onlay bone graft, with or without a maxillary inlay graft, results in high implant survival rate, good oral function and stabilised marginal bone. All @entity1 are still wearing their original fixed bridges.

title: A 9-14 year follow-up of onlay bone grafting in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic edentulous maxilla']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic maxilla']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 has been considered to be a relative contraindication to vertebroplasty. It was reported by some authors in the literature that percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) in these conditions were performed without complications. OBJECTIVE: We describe a @entity1 with @entity158 related to compression of the dorsal root ganglion by @entity5 which was relieved after PV. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Pain management clinic. CASE REPORT:   A 52-year-old @entity1 with spine @entity3 involving the dorsal root ganglion of the left L4 nerve was admitted to the @entity158 clinic with a tingling sensation and @entity158 for 6 months. He was not able to lie on his back with his left leg extended or stand without weakness. The transforaminal epidural block had only a transient effect. The @entity1 planned to undergo PV. He complained of severe @entity158 in his left leg approximately 5 minutes after the vertebroplasty. A left L4/5 transforaminal epidural block was performed. The next day, the @entity1 's @entity158 was relieved without any complications. He underwent palliative radiation therapy for multiple metastases of the thoracolumbar spine. At 5 months follow-up, he could lie on his back without recurrence of @entity158 . LIMITATIONS: This report describes a single case report. CONCLUSION: We suggest that carefully performed PV is an option for terminally ill @entity1 with epidural and dorsal root ganglion involvement who do not respond to conservative treatment or cannot undergo radiation therapy and surgery. PV is minimally invasive compared to open surgery and may merit serious consideration in @entity1 with limited physiologic reserves.

title: Vertebroplasty for the compression of the dorsal root ganglion due to spinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain in both legs', 'pain', 'radicular pain', 'Radicular pain']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The light microscopic diagnosis of large cell @entity189 of the lung is known to be highly subjective and shows poor interobserver reproducibility; the very existence of this @entity5 as a separate entity has been challenged. The ultrastructure of seven large cell @entity189 was examined in an attempt to determine whether they were merely poorly differentiated @entity420 and @entity957 , or actually represented an entirely separate class of @entity5 . Four large cell @entity189 demonstrated intra- and intercellular lumina and were designated @entity420 . In three cases there were well formed desmosomes with numerous tonofilaments and intercellular bridges. These @entity5 were classified as @entity957 . An eighth @entity5 metastatic to the abdominal wall also showed the features of @entity957 . In addition, all @entity5 contained a variable population of primitive cells without identifying features. The large cell @entity189 were compared ultrastructurally with eight cases of poorly differentiated @entity420 and @entity957 classified by light microscopy. These @entity5 were morphologically similar, but contained fewer primitive cells and greater numbers of differentiated cells. Cells with a clear cytoplasm as seen by light microscopy were present in both the large cell undifferentiated and poorly differentiated groups; these cells contained variable amounts of glycogen but were otherwise similar to the nonclear cells. It is suggested that most of the subcategories of large cell @entity189 represent very poorly differentiated @entity420 and @entity957 .

title: The fine structure of large cell @entity189 of the lung. Evidence for its relation to XXXX and @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas', 'squamous carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinomas', 'undifferentiated carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: Pollen and mold @entity566 are highly problematic in Islamabad. This study was conducted to investigate the type and concentration of airborne pollens/molds causing @entity56 in susceptible individuals. A volumetric spore trap (Burkard) was placed at the height of 11 m and @entity5856 continuously for 3 years. Once a week, the collecting drum was prepared by affixing Melinex tape with a double-sided adhesive that was coated with a thin layer of @entity1346 grease. Every Sunday at 9:00 AM the drum was replaced by another drum and the pollen/mold spores were removed and permanently mounted on slides. Using a microscope, the trapped particles were identified and recorded as counts per cubic meter of air per hour. From these data, the pollen and mold calendars were constructed and expressed as counts per cubic meter of air per day. Skin prick tests were performed on more than 1000 @entity1 attending the Pakistan Allergy, Asthma _ Clinical Immunology Centre of Islamabad. The results indicated that there were 2 main pollen plants that contributed to @entity566 . These were Broussonetia papyrifera and Cannabis sativa during the March/April season and the July/September season, respectively. Although mold spores were continuously detected throughout the year, the most prominent mold was undetected mold and unconfirmed mold species similar to Stachybotrys species, which was high from July to September/October. Two additional molds contributing to @entity56 were Pithomyces species and Cladosporium species, which were active during January and April, with the latter also being detected between October and November. These results may prove @entity13738 @entity1 and physicians in planning a therapeutic protocol for avoidance and amelioration.

title: World @entity566 organization study on aerobiology for creating first pollen and mold calendar with clinical significance in islamabad, pakistan;: a project of world XXXX organization and pakistan @entity566 , asthma _ clinical immunology centre of islamabad.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergies', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity13738 :: ('MESH:C564221', 'Disease') :: ['beneficial to both']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: @entity299 was produced in @entity35 by means of 1) aorto-caval @entity292 (A-V @entity292 ), 2) coronary ligation, or 3) coronary embolization. Eleven to twelve weeks later, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was evaluated by ventriculography and compared with normal controls. A-V @entity292 decreased LVEF by 13% and @entity5691 (CO) by 82%. Coronary ligation and embolization produced a greater decrease in LVEF (-36% and -30%) and a decrease in CO (-36% and -29%). Systemic vascular resistance was significantly decreased in the A-V @entity292 (-47%) model but increased in both ligation and embolization models (by 99 and 87%). LV end-diastolic volume was increased in @entity292 or ligation (by 68 and 36%), whereas there was no change in @entity35 with embolization. LV end-systolic volume and LV end-diastolic pressure were significantly increased in all three models. Plasma @entity12579 was increased by 676% with @entity292 , 212% with ligation, and 113% with embolization. There was no significant change in plasma @entity3449 activity or @entity2661 in any of the models. We concluded that coronary embolization and ligation are effective methods of producing chronic @entity409 in @entity35 , as evidenced by the significant decrease in LVEF. On the other hand, A-V @entity292 is an appropriate model of @entity1283 with greatly increased plasma @entity12579 , but @entity299 was minimal as indicated by the mild decrease in LVEF.

title: Ventriculographic evaluation in three XXXX models of @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic factor']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction', 'Chronic cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Proteins of @entity2281 group, produced by phagocytes represent endogenous activators of @entity1200 . Role of these proteins in the etiopathogenesis of @entity2963 remains unknown. The studies aimed at the morphometric evaluation of @entity2757 and @entity7966 protein expression in gallbladder mucosa in @entity1 with acute and chronic @entity2679 (n = 71). The presence of proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry while quantitative analysis employed the spatial visualization technique. We found the immunopositive expression of the two studied @entity2281 proteins in neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages of the gallbladder's wall and a higher expression in acute @entity2679 . Quantitative study revealed higher immunoexpression of @entity7966 over @entity2757 in both studied groups of @entity1 . Moreover, a reciprocal linear relationship between the expression of the studied proteins and a positive correlation between expression of either @entity2757 or @entity7966 and inflammatory activity (grading) in the gallbladder wall were found. The expression of @entity2757 protein in the chronic @entity2679 group and in older @entity1 correlated with @entity491 , which suggests the role of @entity2757 particularly at the chronic stage of @entity2679 . The obtained results indicated close relationship between @entity2757 and @entity7966 proteins in their proinflammatory functions. The increased expression of only one of them can be recognized as a useful index of local inflammatory activity in @entity2679 .

title: Tissue expression of @entity2281 proteins in gallbladder mucosa of the XXXX with @entity2679 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['innate immune responses']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis', 'calculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules acting as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They are involved in many biological processes, and their dysregulation is implicated in @entity66 , including @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) is widely used as a first-line immunomodulatory treatment of @entity15 @entity1 . Here, we present the first longitudinal study on the miRNA expression changes in response to @entity2391 therapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained before treatment initiation as well as after two days, four days, and one month, from @entity1 with @entity922 ( @entity922 ) and @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 (RRMS). We measured the expression of 651 mature miRNAs and about 19,000 mRNAs in parallel using real-time PCR arrays and Affymetrix microarrays. We observed that the up-regulation of @entity2391 -responsive genes is accompanied by a down-regulation of several miRNAs, including members of the mir-29 family. These differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be associated with apoptotic processes and IFN feedback loops. A network of miRNA-mRNA target interactions was constructed by integrating the information from different databases. Our results suggest that miRNA-mediated regulation plays an important role in the mechanisms of action of @entity2391 , not only in the treatment of @entity15 but also in normal immune responses. miRNA expression levels in the blood may serve as a biomarker of the biological effects of @entity2391 therapy that may predict individual disease activity and progression.

title: MicroRNA expression changes during interferon-beta treatment in the peripheral blood of @entity15 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal @entity2995 as treatment for massive macular hard exudates in @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: The study was a prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series of 12 eyes (12 @entity1 ) with massive hard exudates involving the fovea that had no previous focal laser treatment. A single intravitreal injection of 4 mg of @entity2995 in 0.1 mL was performed. Visual acuity and evolution of hard exudates and @entity941 leakage were assessed. Potential complications were monitored, including ocular @entity101 and @entity3225 . RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 12 months (mean, 8.25 months). Visual acuity improved significantly at examinations performed 7 days (P = 0.036), 1 month (P = 0.008), 3 months (P = 0.008), and 6 months (P = 0.003) after the injection. Visual acuity improved by at least 2 Snellen lines in 4 @entity1 (33%). However, no eyes with initial visual acuity worse than 20/100 improved to better than 20/100. Foveal hard exudates resolved completely in 6 eyes (50%) and partially in 6 eyes (50%). @entity941 leakage decreased and a variable proportion of microaneurysms disappeared in all cases. Intraocular pressure elevation occurred in 3 eyes (25%) and was successfully treated by topical medication. No other complications, such as @entity3225 , were recorded. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of @entity2995 appears to be beneficial for reducing hard exudates, decreasing @entity941 leakage, and significantly improving visual acuity in @entity1 with @entity6 massive hard exudates. Visual improvement may not be important due to profound @entity73 caused by hard exudate deposition. Further studies with a larger number of @entity1 are required to assess the long-term efficacy and safety and the need for retreatment.

title: Primary intravitreal XXXX for @entity6 massive macular hard exudates.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['anatomical impairment']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: Many @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) present with advanced-stage disease. While cure is not a realistic outcome, site-specific interventions, supportive care, and palliative care can achieve meaningful outcomes and improve quality of life. As part of the 5th Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) Global Summit, an expert international panel identified thirteen key resource recommendations for supportive and palliative care for metastatic @entity0 . The recommendations are presented in three resource-stratified tables: health system resource allocations, resource allocations for organ-based metastatic @entity0 , and resource allocations for palliative care. These tables illustrate how health systems can provide supportive and palliative care services for @entity1 at a basic level of available resources, and incrementally add services as more resources become available. The health systems table includes health professional education, @entity1 and family education, palliative care models, and diagnostic testing. The metastatic disease management table provides recommendations for supportive care for bone, brain, liver, lung, and skin metastases as well as @entity1744 . The third table includes the palliative care recommendations: @entity158 management, and psychosocial and spiritual aspects of care. The panel considered @entity158 management a priority at a basic level of resource allocation and emphasized the need for @entity1286 to be easily available in LMICs. Regular @entity158 assessments and the proper use of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions are recommended. Basic-level resources for psychosocial and spiritual aspects of care include health professional and @entity1 and family education, as well as @entity1 support, including community-based peer support.

title: Supportive and palliative care for metastatic XXXX : resource allocations in low- and middle-income countries. A Breast Health Global Initiative 2013 consensus statement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2332 has been reported to increase intracellular ionized @entity460 , which may aggravate injury resulting from @entity63 and reperfusion. The effects of plasma ionized @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]) during hypothermic perfusion on recovery after 2 hours of cold @entity63 were evaluated in 32 isolated, blood-perfused neonatal lamb hearts. Three groups of hearts (B, C, and D) were perfusion-cooled for 10 minutes to a myocardial temperature of 17 degrees C and then arrested with St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution. Group A had 10 minutes of normothermic perfusion before cardioplegia. Group B had cooling with normal [ @entity141 ]. Group C had @entity1792 added as cooling was started to lower [ @entity141 ] (0.26 mmol/L), and it was not normalized until 15 minutes into reperfusion. Group D received @entity1792 plus @entity141 to give normal [ @entity141 ] during cooling. Groups B and D showed a significantly reduced recovery (p < 0.05) in left ventricular systolic function (developed pressure and the rate of pressure rise) and diastolic function (stiffness constant) than groups A and C. During preischemic cooling, @entity26 consumption per beat and coronary vascular resistance increased significantly in groups B and D, but both @entity26 consumption and coronary vascular resistance were significantly lower in group C than in groups B and D so long as [ @entity141 ] was low. The data show that @entity2332 results in reduced postischemic recovery of function compared with simultaneous induction of cardioplegia and @entity2332 . Low [ @entity141 ] during @entity2332 and early reperfusion offsets this deleterious effect of @entity2332 .

title: Effect of @entity460 and @entity2332 on recovery of myocardial function after XXXX in neonatal lambs.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'cardioplegic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia', 'preischemic hypothermia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['cardioplegic ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the application of endoscopic techniques in treating upper urinary tract urothelial @entity5 and to define subgroups that may benefit from these therapies. METHODS: During a 3-year period, 20 @entity1 with upper urinary tract transitional cell @entity189 were referred specifically for endoscopic therapy. Indications for treatment included a @entity8 , modest @entity177 , and/or other significant comorbidities. All @entity1 underwent retrograde ureteropyeloscopy. Lesions were biopsied, and lower grade @entity5 were treated with electrocautery or laser energy. High-grade lesions not amenable to minimally invasive techniques were palliated or treated with standard open surgery. Surveillance was performed at 3 to 4-month intervals by urine cytology and repeat panendoscopy on a similar schedule to lesions of the bladder treated endoscopically. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (55%) were found to have low-grade, @entity1358 of the upper urinary tract. @entity5 ranged in size from less than 1 cm to filling the entire ureter. All @entity5720 were treated successfully using ureteroscopic techniques without any disease progression. Five small, low-grade recurrences (45%) were defined and treated endoscopically, with a mean follow-up of 17.3 months. Three @entity1 were found at the time of initial diagnostic ureteroscopy to have higher grade lesions and endoscopic treatment was chosen in light of their severe comorbidities. On subsequent imaging, 2 of the 3 @entity1 were suspected of having progression and underwent open surgery, both had @entity189 -in-situ only in the specimen. No @entity5 progression has been defined in this group to date, with mean follow-up of 16.3 months. A final third group of 6 @entity1 were found to have nonpapillary, high-grade lesions at diagnostic endoscopy and underwent standard surgical resection. The disease of 4 of these 6 @entity1 has progressed with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Papillary, low-grade, @entity5 of the upper urinary tract are amenable to endoscopic resection irrespective of size and location. @entity1 with high-grade lesions defined endoscopically should be offered radical surgery in light of the high rate of disease progression.

title: Ureteropyeloscopic diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['solitary kidney, bilateral disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumors', 'low-stage tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['papillary lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence on risk factors for sick leave from prospective studies in work settings is limited. Furthermore, most available studies focused on workers with @entity1643 . These studies consistently report that physical work factors constitute a hindrance to work. However, it remains unclear whether the same risk factors are relevant in workers with less severe conditions or in early phases of the development of @entity615 . Therefore, this article aims to study risk factors for the occurrence of sick leave due to @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) among young workers with no or a modest history of @entity615 . METHODS: @entity1 were 716 young healthcare or distribution workers with no or minimal antecedents of @entity1643 in the year before inclusion. We investigated the role of potential physical, psychosocial and individual risk factors at baseline on the occurrence of sick leave due to @entity1643 1 year later. To this purpose, we used Cox regression with a constant risk period. RESULTS: Six per cent (95 % CI 4.1-7.6) of the workers reported sick leave 1 year later; they accounted for 12 % of the sick-leave days independent of cause. A non-stimulating psychosocial work environment turned out to be the strongest risk factor for sick leave due to @entity1643 (RR 6.08; 95 % CI 1.42-26.07). Physical factors were not predictive. CONCLUSIONS: In the early phases of @entity615 and in less severe conditions, the main benefit of interventions lies in targeting the organisation and design of jobs to create a challenging professional environment.

title: Sick leave due to XXXX in a cohort of young workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'substantial low back disorders', 'LBP']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: AIM: To investigate changes in @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in @entity1 after @entity231 surgery, as well as risk factors associated with these changes. METHODS: 37 eyes of 26 @entity1 with @entity231 undergoing surgery were prospectively recruited. IOP and @entity2840 measurements were performed before the surgery and 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Among the 37 eyes, 15 became aphakic and 22 pseudophakic. Mean @entity2840 significantly increased from 556.24    44.19 to 585.07    56.45  m (p=0.003) after 3 years, whereas mean IOP significantly increased from 12.05    2.3 to 13.89    2.96 mm Hg (p=0.037). Aphakic eyes underwent surgery at an early age (15.16    32.02 months) compared with @entity735 (71.48    53.14 months) (p<0.001). After 3 years, mean @entity2840 change in aphakic eyes (56.10    46.97  m) was significantly higher than in @entity735 (12.71    38.41  m) (p=0.015). Age at the time of surgery was inversely correlated to @entity2840 change (r=-0.34, p=0.04), but not to IOP change (r=-0.18, p=0.27). When surgery was performed between 0 and 1 year of age, mean @entity2840 change at 3 years was 70.11    42.3  m, compared with 6.27    28.09, -17.0    8.04 and 48.33    34.99  m when surgeries were performed at 1-5, 5-10 and >10 years old, respectively (p<0.001). IOP change was not correlated to @entity2840 change (r=0.31, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2840 increases in eyes undergoing @entity231 surgery, especially when the surgery is performed at an early age.

title: Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in XXXX undergoing @entity231 surgery: a prospective, longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic eyes']

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cataract']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the long-term outcome of implantation of black diaphragm intraocular (BDI) lens combined with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for managing @entity735 with @entity6716 and @entity16 . METHODS: Six @entity735 of six @entity1 with @entity6716 and @entity16 had BDI lens implantation at Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute from June 2008 to November 2011. Medical records of the @entity1 were reviewed. Three @entity1 received PKP and after 12-18months were implanted with BDI lens. The other three @entity1 completed PKP and BDI lens implantation at the same time. The corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and number of corneal endothelial cells were monitored. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up for an average of 24.3  12.1months (range 14-48 months). All BDI lenses were located well. The best corrected visual acuity got improved in 5 @entity1 (0.1-1.0) and decreased in 1 @entity1 from 0.4 to 0.2. Three @entity1 had normal intraocular pressure (IOP) after implantation. Two patients required antiglaucoma medications to control IOP within the normal range and 1 @entity1 implanted Ahmed @entity726 valve to control IOP. The corneal grafts kept transparent in all eyes and the corneal endothelial counting >1 000/mm(2), although two @entity1 experienced acute graft rejection and loss more than 30% corneal endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Implantation of BDI lens combined with PKP is an effective option for managing @entity735 with @entity6716 and @entity16 . Although the results in our study are encouraging, additional studies of the long-term safety and efficacy are required. A larger study population and longer follow-up may be beneficial.

title: Black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation and penetrating keratoplasty in XXXX with @entity6716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['corneal damage']

entities_list: @entity6716 :: ('MESH:D015783', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic aniridia']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['aphakic eyes']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['aphakic eyes']


abstract: One hundred seventy-five @entity1 with 243 consecutive primary Press Fit Condylar cruciate-substituting total knee replacements were evaluated at a mean of 5.5 years. One hundred thirteen knees had modular metal-backed tibial components and 130 had all- @entity691 tibial components. The mean knee score and functional score for the @entity1 with unrevised components was not significantly different. The incidence of @entity3061 and @entity603 was higher in @entity1 in the modular metal-backed tibia group (5%; five @entity1 , six knees). No @entity1 in the all- @entity691 tibia group had @entity3061 or @entity603 . Five revision operations were necessary: four for @entity690 and one for @entity603 , all in @entity1 in the modular metal-backed tibia group. All of the retrieved @entity691 inserts had evident backside wear. The best case rate of survival of the all- @entity691 tibial components was 96%+/-0.8% at 7 years and for the modular metal-backed components it was 75%+/-10% at 7 years. Metal backing and modularity were added to the Press Fit Condylar total knee replacement design to improve fixation durability. However, the superiority of the modular metal-backed implants remains in question.

title: Metal-backed and all- XXXX tibial components in total knee replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic defects']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the circumstances of diagnosis, the supporting factors, the bacteriology, and the therapeutic management of peritonsillar @entity733 (quinsy). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study over a period of 10 years in 98 @entity1 hospitalized in an ENT and Head and Neck Surgery department for @entity17107 . RESULTS: Ninety percent of cases of peritonsillar @entity733 complicated angina. Forty-nine percent of @entity1 had no previous antibiotic therapy, 9% had a previous history of @entity17107 , 62% were treated in the emergency department, and @entity221 was present in 64% of cases. The diagnosis was clinical in 98% of cases. The average hospitalization stay lasted 2 days. Sixty-five percent of @entity1 had one needle aspiration of the abscess, 35% had surgical drainage with local anaesthesia. The needle aspiration was negative in 14% of cases. In 29% of cases one bacterium was identified. The @entity1 were completely cured in 10 days. Forty-five percent of @entity1 underwent tonsillectomy at a later date. CONCLUSION: The progression of @entity17107 is favorable in 2-3 days since a local therapeutic act (needle aspiration or drainage) is done associated with an antibiotic and corticoid treatment that is initially intravenous. An emergency tonsillectomy can be proposed in cases of @entity5389 or @entity17107 .

title: [Peritonsillar XXXX (quincy)].

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity17107 :: ('MESH:D000039', 'Disease') :: ['peritonsillar abscess']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['abscesses']


abstract: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is increasingly recognized as an important public health problem nowadays. @entity1561 encompass a variety of liver pathologies including simple steatosis, @entity43458 , @entity82 , @entity82 and @entity5 . It is associated with @entity28 , @entity209 , dyslipidaemia, Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 @entity6 . It is the most common @entity409 in USA and considered to be increasing in Asia Pacific region including South Asia however there is no community based study from Pakistan. Customarily @entity1561 had been regarded as a benign disease; however clinical as well as epidemiological studies had contradicted this belief because approximately 20% of the @entity1 with @entity1561 had @entity43458 which has propensity to develop @entity82 and ultimately to HCC. The diagnosis of @entity1561 is made most of the times incidentally on abdominal imaging which is done for other purposes. Despite its prevalence, treatment options are very limited. However modification of risk factors such as @entity2299 , @entity6 control and @entity353 does help in @entity1561 . @entity1560 results due to lack of physical activity; hence foremost step to manage such @entity1 would be to develop the healthy life style. We need population based studies in our country so that we can protect our population from a new epidemic.

title: Are we ready for a new epidemic of under recognized XXXX in South Asia especially in Pakistan? Non alcoholic fatty liver disease.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['finally cancer']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Using the data available from the Cancer Registry of Zaragoza, the incidence of @entity0 in @entity1 from 1961 to 1985 was analyzed with future evolution being predicted up to the year 2000. METHODS: The age, period and birth cohort effects, in addition to the place of residence (capital/rest of province) were analyzed using both, graphic analysis techniques and multivariate models of incidence rates by the Poisson regression. Assuming a constant period effect, the age and cohort effects were used to predict incidence rates in a period of 15 years between 1986 and 2000. RESULTS: Age-standardized incidence rates increased from 17.1 cases per 100,000 @entity1 per year in 1961-1965 to 36.5 in 1981-1985. This increase was mainly observed in @entity1 above the age of 40 residing in an urban environment. In a graphic analysis of rates by birth cohorts, an age and cohort effects were observed, producing an anticipation of age to which the highest values in incidence rates were reached. In the prediction of incidence with multivariate models, and increase is foreseen up to the year 2000. CONCLUSIONS: An increase of @entity0 incidence in Zaragoza has been observed with a further increase foreseen up to the year 2000. This increasing incidence has been related to the age, the year of birth and the place of residence of cases. A relation with some other @entity66 , and whether the results observed may be extrapolated to the rest of Spain are discussed.

title: [The evolution and prediction of the incidence of XXXX in Zaragoza, 1961-2000].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['determinants of disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity15383 -containing/forming materials are conventionally used for indirect pulp-capping and are theoretically able to release @entity141 and @entity2145 ions for @entity4785 . However, no evidence exists for ion diffusion through the remaining coronal dentin. The aim of this study was to design an innovative experimental set-up to test the ability of @entity15383 -containing and @entity15383 -forming pulp-capping materials to generate pulpward @entity141 and @entity2145 ion fluxes through coronal dentin after indirect pulp-capping in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized class 1 cavities were prepared in erupted sound @entity1 molars. Pulp tissue was excised. A coronal Remaining Dentin Thickness ( @entity27742 ) (1  0.2 mm thick) was prepared within an occlusal-to-pulp cavity system (coronal RD system). The whole system/sample was treated with 17% @entity1098 to remove the smear layer and the external surface was covered by nail varnish. Indirect pulp-capping was performed on coronal RDT using a conventional pulp-capping material covered by a glass ionomer cement, a composite and nail varnish. Chemically different @entity15383 materials were used to test the reliability of the set-up. The leached @entity141 and @entity2145 ions were measured using ion-selective electrodes after soaking for 3 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days in deionized water (10 mL, 37  C). RESULTS: @entity460 ions were detected and a rise in pH was observed in the treated water after a few hours for all tested materials. CONCLUSION: The experimental set-up proved to be an easy and effective method for testing the different @entity15383 -containing and @entity15383 -forming materials ability to induce a pulpward flux of @entity460 and @entity3787 ions through coronal remaining dentin after indirect pulp-capping. The new system will allow the screening of current pulp-capping materials.

title: A New Method for Evaluating the Diffusion of XXXX and @entity2145 Ions through Coronal Dentin into the Pulp.

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['hydrolytic dissociation']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: Ovarian sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropin stimulation ( @entity1641 chorionic gonadotropin [eCG] and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin [hCG]) following pre-treatment with a @entity1871 (levonorgestrel) versus @entity1176 antagonist (antide) was studied in @entity468 known to be induced versus spontaneous ovulators. Queens were assigned to one of three treatments: (1) levonorgestrel implants+eCG/hCG (n=7 cats); (2) antide injections+eCG/hCG (n=7) or (3) eCG/hCG alone (control; n=7). Hormonal metabolites were assessed in fecal samples collected daily for 60 days before and during the 37 days inhibitory pre-treatment and for more than 60 days after eCG/hCG. Fecal metabolites of @entity53 and @entity1420 were measured by radioimmunoassay. Females that maintained baseline @entity1420 were considered induced ovulators, whereas @entity468 that exhibited a luteal phase before inhibition treatment were classified as spontaneous ovulators. Based on fecal hormone profiles, levonorgestrel thoroughly inhibited ovarian activity, whereas antide synchronized follicular phases but did not induce complete ovarian down-regulation. Both treatments prevented ovulation in spontaneous ovulators, but neither caused regression of existing corpora lutea (CL). Levonorgestrel, but not antide, pre-treatment resulted in a quiescent ovary at the time of eCG injection, yet endocrine responses to eCG/hCG were not different among treatments. Interestingly, spontaneously ovulating females exhibited a prolonged @entity53 response to gonadotropin stimulation compared to induced ovulators, and this prolonged @entity53 surge was replicated by levonorgestrel pre-treatment. Thus, the @entity1871 levonorgestrel effectively suppresses follicular and luteal activity in the cat, resulting in a more consistent response to gonadotropin stimulation, even in females prone to spontaneous ovulation.

title: Priming with @entity1871 , but not XXXX antagonist, induces a consistent endocrine response to exogenous gonadotropins in induced and spontaneously ovulating @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

answer: @entity1176 :: (MESH:D007987,Chemical) :: ['GnRH']


abstract: In this double-masked, double-dummy, randomized, single crossover study, we compared single doses of a fast-dissolving wafer formulation of @entity6359 with a conventional tablet formulation of @entity5616 in @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ). @entity1 preference time until symptomatic relief, and predictive characteristics of early responders were assessed. Eligible @entity1 had a clinical diagnosis of @entity354 and symptoms of @entity354 of sufficient severity to require relief. The study treatment was one dose of @entity6359 (20-mg wafer) and one dose of @entity5616 (150-mg tablet), which were given in a randomized order and taken as needed. The @entity1 were instructed to measure the symptomatic effects on a seven-point categorical scale (1 = worse to 7 = free of symptoms) at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. After the clinical phase of the trial, the @entity1 indicated their global assessment of efficacy and their preference for the wafer or the tablet. Of the 829 @entity1 who completed the study, significantly more preferred the wafer to the tablet. While there was no significant difference in the global assessment of efficacy, the @entity6359 wafer provided significantly better relief than the @entity5616 tablet during the first hour after dosing. However, at 120 and 180 minutes, the degree of relief was similar for the two drugs. The time until a clinically significant effect was also similar for the two drugs, and approximately one half of the @entity1 experienced such improvement within 3 hours. Multivariate analyses disclosed no predictive characteristics of early symptomatic effect.

title: On-demand therapy in XXXX : a comparison of the early effects of single doses of fast-dissolving @entity6359 wafers and @entity5616 tablets.

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: Treatment strategies for metastatic @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) have been limited due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. The development of targeted drugs has now opened novel therapeutic options. In the present study, anti-tumoral properties of the histone deacetylase inhibitor @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) were tested in vitro and in vivo on pre-clinical @entity1358 models. @entity1358 cell lines Caki-1, KTC-26 or A498 were treated with various concentrations of @entity2052 to evaluate @entity5 cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells or to immobilized extracellular matrix proteins. In vivo @entity5 growth was conducted in subcutaneous xenograft @entity19 models. @entity2052 was also combined with low dosed @entity12419 ( @entity12419 ) and the efficacy of the combination therapy, as opposed to @entity2052 monotherapy, was compared. @entity2052 significantly and dose-dependently prevented @entity5 cell attachment to endothelium or matrix proteins, accompanied by elevated histones H3 and H4 acetylation. @entity2052 altered integrin-alpha and -beta subtype expression, in particular alpha(3), alpha(5) and beta(3), and blocked integrin-dependent signalling. In vivo, @entity2052 significantly inhibited the growth of Caki-1 in subcutaneous xenografts with the 200 mg/kg being superior to the 400 mg/kg dosing schedule. @entity2052 - @entity12419 combination markedly enhanced the effects of @entity2052 on @entity1358 , and in vivo @entity5 growth was further reduced by the 400 mg/kg but not by the 200 mg/kg @entity2052 dosing schedule. @entity2052 profoundly blocked the interaction of @entity1358 cells with endothelium and extracellular matrix and reduced @entity5 growth in vivo. Therefore, @entity2052 should be considered an attractive candidate for clinical trials.

title: @entity1092 blocks adhesion of XXXX cells to endothelium and extracellular matrix.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC adhesion', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of @entity3670 , @entity14187 , and @entity17290 in triple-negative @entity0 and compare it with several clinicopathologic parameters as well as their expression in @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 128 cases of @entity0 were included in the study. For all these cases, immunohistochemistry for @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors, Ki-67, and @entity1722 had already been performed, whereas @entity1722 2+ cases had been further characterized as positive or negative for @entity1722 amplification with the chromogenic in situ hybridization technique. Seventy-six @entity5 were triple negative. The remaining 52 were @entity5 . All @entity5 were evaluated for the expression of @entity3670 , @entity14187 , and @entity17290 . RESULTS: In the triple-negative group, the positive expression of @entity14187 and @entity17290 was related to unfavorable and favorable prognostic factors, respectively. @entity3670 was not related to any parameter under evaluation. In the luminal @entity5 group, @entity17290 positivity was related to a shorter disease-free survival, whereas the inverse was observed for @entity14187 . Moreover, all 3 claudins increased with increase of the grade and Ki-67 @entity5 . CONCLUSION: A distinct prognostic significance in the expression of @entity14187 and mostly of @entity17290 between triple-negative and luminal @entity0 was identified. Specifically, in @entity189 , @entity17290 positivity could probably be considered as a biomarker of favorable prognosis, @entity5 with @entity17290 -positive expression, the administration of targeted therapy should eventually be part of the @entity1 ' management in the near future.

title: @entity14187 and XXXX : distinct prognostic significance in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['luminal cancers', 'whereas in luminal cancers', 'value in the luminal cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['triple-negative carcinomas']

answer: @entity17290 :: (1364,Gene) :: ['claudin-4']


abstract: PURPOSE: The BladderChek @entity14276 test was studied to determine whether it could be a useful diagnostic tool for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period from April to May 2004, a total of 50 @entity1 who visited Nagano Municipal Hospital were subjected to analysis with the BladderChek @entity14276 test. They consisted of 25 @entity1 with microscopic or gross @entity811 and 25 @entity1 with @entity5 who were being followed after surgery. The clinical diagnosis was made by cystoscopy, abdominal CT scanning, ultrasonography or intravenous urography. BladderChek @entity14276 was used in all of the @entity1 and the test was judged to be positive when a line appeared on the glass at 30 minutes after a drop of urine was added to the sample well. Cytological examination of the urine was also done. It was defined as negative if the result was I, II or III, while it was positive if the result was IV or V. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 who were not eligible were excluded and the remaining 43 @entity1 were studied. Eleven of the 43 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity5 . The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of BladderChek @entity14276 for making a correct diagnosis was 63.6%, 62.5%, and 62.7%, respectively (p = 0.1703). As for urine cytology, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy was 36.3%, 100%, and 83.7%, respectively (p = 0.0027). BladderChek @entity14276 was positive in all the @entity1 whose urine cytology was positive and in three @entity1 with low-grade, @entity5 , and small @entity5 , although urine cytology was negative. On the other hand, false-positive BladderChek @entity14276 results were obtained in @entity1 undergoing follow-up after @entity189 and in @entity1 with urinary stones. The sensitivity of BladderChek @entity14276 was superior to that of urine cytology, but its specificity was inferior. CONCLUSION: The combined use of BladderChek @entity14276 and cystoscopy may be useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of @entity5 . On the other hand, the results obtained with BladderChek @entity14276 need to be interpreted carefully because the test can yield a false-positive outcome in the presence of marked @entity811 , @entity4658 or cytolysis of normal urotherium. When the result of BladderChek @entity14276 in the monitoring of recurrent @entity5 following surgery was positive in spite of negative findings of cystoscopy, it is necessary to consider the presence of a @entity5 in the upper urinary tract or a high tendency toward @entity5 recurrence. In such a case, careful followup may be necessary.

title: [Novel @entity14276 quick qualitative analysis (BladderChek XXXX ) for the diagnosis of @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'urothelial tumor', 'urotherial tumor', 'tumors', 'low-stage']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['removal of urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity14276 :: (4926,Gene) :: ['NMP22']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine prescribing patterns of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in pediatric @entity1 with confirmed diagnosis of @entity302 , and to provide knowledge of general practice of physicians. METHODS: The study was a multi-center crosssectional observational study, in specialized clinics for management of @entity302 in north, central and south Jordan. This study was conducted from January 2014 to July 2014. These were 3 from university tertiary care hospitals and 4 from governmental tertiary care hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 694 pediatric @entity1 were included. Monotherapy AED use had the highest frequency 465 (67.0%), followed by dual therapy 162 (23.3%). The frequency of monotherapy in university hospitals was lower than governmental hospitals (p<0.05); however, Polytherapy was more frequent in younger @entity1 . Two old AEDs were most frequently prescribed as a monotherapy; @entity1092 235 (50.5%) and @entity2049 155 (33.3%). The most common combination in dual therapy was @entity1092 with @entity2049 28 (17.3%). The second most common combinations were @entity2049 with @entity4677 21 (13.0%) or @entity1092 with @entity4677 20 (12.3%). CONCLUSION: Older AED remain first line drugs for use in both monotherapy and combination therapy for @entity302 . Polytherapy is associated with younger kids and being treated in a university hospital.

title: Patterns of antiepileptic drugs use in XXXX pediatric @entity1 in Jordan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid', 'valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The superiority of drug eluting stents versus bare metal stents or balloon angioplasty in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity63 and @entity75 has been established. However, only shorter lesions were evaluated. This study was designed to evaluate the immediate and long-term (up to 12 months) outcome of the Xience Prime    Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent System (Abbott Vascular) in a controlled, prospective, multi-center investigation for long lesions up to 10 cm. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity63 and long @entity75 between 30 and 100 mm, who met the inclusion criteria, were included in this study. The primary endpoint was primary patency at 12 months, defined as absence of @entity256 (>= 50% stenosis) or occlusion based on quantitative analysis of contrast angiography. RESULTS: Between August 2011 and October 2013, 60 @entity1 were enrolled in this study with a mean lesion length of 47.40  25.06 mm (range 2-100 mm). The primary patency rate at 12 months was 75.4%. Freedom from @entity75 revascularization was 84.9%. The amputation rate was rare (94.4% freedom from amputation). At the 12-month follow-up time point, a total of 36 out of 42 (85.7%) @entity1 improved in their Rutherford classification by at least 1 class. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity2239 -eluting stents in longer @entity75 in the treatment of @entity63 is safe and effective with a comparable primary patency, freedom from @entity75 revascularization and amputation free survival as in short lesions.

title: Outcome of a drug-eluting stent in longer below-the-knee lesions in XXXX with @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['infrapopliteal lesions', 'target lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The iScore is a validated tool to estimate outcomes after an acute @entity385 . A previous study showed the iScore can predict clinical response and risk of @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) after administration of @entity1456 ( @entity1456 ). We applied the iScore (www.sorcan.ca/iscore) to @entity1 in the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 @entity1456 @entity64 trials to evaluate its ability to estimate clinical response and risk of @entity1779 after thrombolysis. Based on results from our previous study, @entity1 were stratified a priori into iScore <200 and iScore >=  200. The main outcome measure was @entity1779 . Secondary outcomes included favorable composite outcome (defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1, National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score  <= 1, Barthel Index >=  95, or Glasgow Outcome Scale <1 at 3 months) and functional outcomes. The iScore was calculated in all 624 @entity1 enrolled in the trial. The cohort comprised 507 @entity1 (81%) with an iScore <200 and 117 (19%) with an iScore >=  200. An iScore >=  200 was associated with greater risk of symptomatic @entity1779 in the @entity1456 group compared with the placebo group (15.4% v 3.9%; P = .04). Similar findings were found for @entity1779 of any type (30.8% v 11.5%; P = .014), with higher @entity1779 mortality (69.2% v 23.8%; P < .001). Despite the higher favorable composite outcome of @entity1456 therapy in @entity1 with an iScore <200 (58.7% v 41.9%; P < .001), this therapy had no benefit in @entity1 with an iScore >=  200 (15.4% v 13.4%; P = .77). In @entity1 receiving @entity1456 in the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 trial, the iScore estimated the clinical response and risk of @entity548 . Further prospective studies are needed before a change in practice can be recommended.

title: The iScore predicts efficacy and risk of @entity548 in the National Institute of XXXX and @entity64 @entity1456 @entity64 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator', 'tPA']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Salvage surgery has been recommended as the approach of choice for neck residue or recurrence of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) after primary radiotherapy (RT). This study aimed to assess the outcome and prognostic factors, options for different surgical methods, and the extent of neck dissection (ND) for @entity1 . METHODS: @entity189 @entity1 who had undergone RT and received salvage surgery for neck residue or recurrence from January 2001 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were determined by log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: In 153 cases, 96 cases have level I dissections. The @entity3 rate was 20/153 (13.07  %) for level I @entity3 and 7/153 (4.58  %) for parotid gland cases. The 3- and 5-year OS rate was 57.2 and 40.6  %, respectively, and median survival time was 49  months. By univariate analysis, the age, rN staging, size of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), extra-capsular spread (ECS), and surgical procedure were significant prognostic factors. By multivariable analysis, the age, rN staging, and size of @entity1600 were significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Salvage surgery is effective for neck failure of @entity189 after primary treatment, but @entity1 with age >50  years, stage @entity49581 , or @entity1600 >6  cm have poor prognosis.

title: Salvage surgery for neck residue or recurrence of XXXX after primary radiotherapy: options of surgical methods and regions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity649 ( @entity649 ) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. @entity378 ( @entity378 ) commonly causes @entity1576 in @entity1 with extensive pulmonary parenchymal involvement, but it is a rare cause of @entity649 . We report our experience of @entity378 presenting with @entity649 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 187 @entity1 admitted with a diagnosis of @entity649 over the previous 7 years. Data are presented in a descriptive fashion using mean+/-SD or median (range). RESULTS: Nine (4.9%) of 187 @entity1 had @entity649 secondary to @entity378 . All @entity1 were mechanically ventilated. The diagnosis was made on clinico-radiological grounds and confirmed later using fiberoptic bronchoscopy and transbronchial biopsy in seven @entity1 , and lymph node biopsy and examination of the joint aspirate in the remaining two. All @entity1 were empirically started on anti-tubercular therapy with a median time to initiation of therapy being 3 days (range 2-8 days). Three @entity1 had @entity881 ( @entity881 ) without any evidence of @entity2348 . Seven of nine (77.8%) @entity1 survived; two died because of severe @entity649 , @entity881 , and @entity1576 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity378 is an uncommon but definite cause of @entity649 , and in @entity1 with @entity649 of obscure aetiology where the clinical features suggest @entity378 as the inciting cause, antitubercular therapy should be started empirically and the diagnosis actively pursued later.

title: Experience with XXXX caused by @entity378 in a respiratory intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['Acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'ARDS']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['ARDS']


abstract: @entity717 are part of the spectrum of @entity8231 caused by the production of onconeural antibodies such as anti-Hu by underlying @entity5 . These attack specific neurons depending on receptor aetiology. We report the case of a 53-year-old @entity1 who presented 8 years previously with symptoms of @entity425 , @entity1296 , @entity1296 and falls. His condition followed a progressive course. Two years after onset he had right-sided weakness, @entity892 and @entity3519 . Initial investigations identified a positive anti-Hu antibody, but an extensive search for a primary @entity5 was negative. A @entity1418 in his right gluteal fold was subsequently identified. At this stage he was bed bound with severe @entity2055 , @entity3519 and @entity508 . Following surgical excision and treatment with high dose @entity230 and pulse immunoglobulin, further progression was arrested and minor improvements occurred. He can now ambulate with bilateral assistance but remains severely disabled.

title: @entity2055 and @entity3519 secondary to a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness', 'light headedness']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb weakness']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Paraneoplastic movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'generalised dystonia']

answer: @entity1418 :: (MESH:D051677,Disease) :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, and survival in @entity1 with @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ) during the last 10 years in 3 referral academic centers. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity1822 who underwent treatment at the participating institutions between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010, were identified from the @entity5 registry database. In each case, the diagnosis was confirmed by a dedicated gynecologic pathologist following postsurgery pathology review. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) data. Factors predictive of outcome were compared using the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Analysis of 167 @entity1 with @entity1822 with adequate follow-up was performed. One hundred twenty-eight @entity1 (77%) were initially managed at the participating institutions, and 39 (23%) were referred after initial management at a different institution. Ninety-two (55%) had stage I disease, 7 (4%) had stage II, 18 (11%) stage III, and 50 (30%) had stage IV disease. The median @entity1349 for @entity1 with stage I was 75 months, for stage II 66 months, stage III 34 months, and stage IV 20 months (P < 0.001). For @entity1 with early stage (I and II), race, lower grade, smaller @entity5 size (<11 cm), low number of mitosis (<25/10 high-power field [HPF]), lymphovascular space invasion, and presence of @entity39 were identified as variables with prognostic influence on survival in the univariate analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model identified size 11 cm or greater (hazard ratio, 5.9; P < 0.001) and mitotic count of 25/10 HPF or greater (hazard ratio, 2.3; P = 0.05) as independent predictors of @entity1349 . For @entity1 with late stage (stage III and IV), race, stage III versus IV, lower grade, smaller @entity5 size (<11 cm), and low number of mitosis (<25/10 HPF) were all associated with significantly improved @entity1349 . A Cox proportional hazards model identified mitotic count of 25/10 HPF or greater (P = 0.01) as independent predictor of @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: In early stage, size of the @entity5 and number of mitosis were associated to survival. In contrast to late stage, only mitotic count was associated to survival.

title: XXXX : an updated series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['ULMS', 'uterine leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Uterine leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to establish from the published literature the efficacy of a positron emission tomography (PET)-based strategy for the staging of @entity151 compared to conventional methods, the potential impact on @entity1 management and outcomes, and cost implications for the Australian health system. METHODS: EMBASE, Current Contents, PubMed, and OVID, databases were searched using relevant search terms. Reference lists of identified studies were examined for additional pertinent papers. Literature review identified 22 relevant studies containing data for 1663 @entity1 . Studies were evaluated regarding the adequacy of pathological or clinical correlation of imaging findings. Efficacy of PET-staging was analyzed. The Medicare benefits schedule was used to compare costs of the two strategies. RESULTS: Published data confirm that PET staging has a sensitivity approaching 100% and specificity exceeding 90%. Data suggest that compared to conventional staging, PET can alter management (including radiotherapy portal changes) in at least 28% of @entity1 , can result in the addition of life-prolonging radiotherapy in 6%, and avert unnecessary radiotherapy with associated @entity137 in 9%. PET-based staging costs 1603 Australian dollars (AUD) and conventional staging 1610 AUD per @entity1 . An additional 540,354 AUD may be saved annually through avoidance of unnecessary radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: PET-based staging seems superior to conventional staging, and can significantly alter @entity1 management particularly with regard to the inclusion, omission, and portal design of radiotherapy. The initial costs of the two strategies do not seem significantly different. PET may ultimately reduce healthcare costs through avoidance of inappropriate thoracic radiotherapy. The major advantages of PET-staging may, however, lie in averting unnecessary @entity137 and in the appropriate addition of thoracic radiotherapy with potential survival gains.

title: The efficacy of PET staging for XXXX : a systematic review and cost analysis in the Australian setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity453 has been demonstrated to conform to the principles of an @entity66 . Therefore, the incidence of the occurrence of the disease is dependent in large part on "disturbances of @entity1 culture." These primarily include a @entity165 -rich diet, @entity28 , cigarette smoking, elevated blood pressure and sedentary life-style. It is gratifying that during the last quarter of a century, large segments of society in the United States have modified many of their adverse patterns of living. As a result, there has been a striking decline in both the incidence of the diagnosis of @entity453 and the frequency of @entity204 due to the disease process. @entity1164 is frequently an unexpected first clinical manifestation of @entity453 and, despite heroic efforts, treatment of @entity944 is frequently unsuccessful. Furthermore, progression of @entity453 , even in @entity1 who present with @entity951 or acute @entity583 , is unpredictable. Coronary arteriography, the "gold standard" used for evaluation, gives insight primarily into anatomy and ventricular function (under experimental conditions) existing at a given instant in time. Which lesions are serious and likely to progress are usually unknown, even to the most experienced angiographer. Therefore, surgical and catheter-directed therapeutic approaches are at best only "shotgun" or partial techniques. For these reasons, the principal and continuing therapeutic efforts to reduce the occurrence and control the ravages of @entity453 should be directed toward prevention. Such efforts should begin in early childhood and become a lifelong practice, one that all physicians, including the most procedure-dominated specialists, should personally adopt and teach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and XXXX : a clinical perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death victims']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that volatile anesthetic preconditioning confers myocardial protection against @entity63 -reperfusion (IR) injury through activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway. As RISK has been shown to be impaired in @entity1007 , we investigate whether anesthetic-induced cardiac protection was maintained in @entity753 @entity35 . METHODS: Normocholesteolemic or @entity753 @entity35 hearts were subjected to 30 min of @entity63 and 2 h of reperfusion. Animals received 2.4% @entity2614 during three 5 min periods with and without @entity39728 antagonist @entity2307 (10  g/kg, Wort) or the @entity2509 inhibitor @entity4286 (1 mg/kg, PD). The @entity1188 size, apoptosis, p- @entity2308 , p- @entity2508 , p- @entity9096 were determined. RESULTS: Two hundred and six @entity35 were analyzed in the study. In the healthy @entity35 , @entity2614 significantly reduced @entity1188 size by 42%, a phenomenon completely reversed by @entity2307 and @entity4286 and increased the phosphorylation of @entity2308 , @entity2508 and their downstream target of @entity9096 . In the @entity753 @entity35 , @entity2614 failed to reduce @entity1188 size and increase the phosphorylated @entity2308 , @entity2508 and @entity9096 . In contrast, GSK inhibitor @entity25650 conferred cardioprotection against @entity5721 in healthy and @entity753 hearts. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperchoesterolemia abrogated @entity2614 -induced cardioprotection against @entity5721 by alteration of upstream signaling of @entity9096 and acute GSK inhibition may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to protect @entity753 hearts against @entity5721 .

title: @entity1007 blocked @entity2614 -induced cardioprotection against XXXX -reperfusion injury by alteration of the MG53/RISK/ @entity9096 signaling.

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Heparan @entity597 proteoglycan ( @entity13222 ), such as glypican, plays a role as a co-receptor for growth factor to influence cells proliferation. However the mechanism is still vague. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) regulate cell proliferation. Their capacity to direct the translation and stability of targeted transcripts can dramatically influence cellular physiological function. To explore how the function of glypican is regulated involved in cell proliferation, @entity45403 was chosen with a bioinformatics search identifying targeting seed sequences for @entity6557 within the 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR). Indeed, luciferase constructs containing the 3'UTR of @entity45403 demonstrated around 54% less activity in @entity6557 expressing cells relative to the controls. The expression of @entity45403 at both the transcript and protein level was down-regulated by transition trasfection of @entity6557 in the @entity1 embryonic kidney cell line 293T (HEK293T). Although cell proliferation of HEK293T was not influenced by the silence of @entity45403 , DNA synthesis in response to @entity540 in the cells was attenuated by knockdown of @entity45403 using siRNA technique. Further study showed that phosphorylation of @entity1366 ) and AKT was suppressed by overexpressing @entity6557 , whereas the suppressed MAPK and AKT signaling could be recovered by anti- @entity6557 treatment. Both DNA synthesis and cell proliferation were impaired by the inhibitor of @entity1366 ) signaling. @entity98 assay demonstrated that the cell proliferation was impaired by @entity6557 overexpression, however, rescued by anti- @entity6557 in HEK293T cells. These results disclosed new function of @entity6557 by targeting gene @entity45403 in cell growth process and illustrated the feasibility of using miRNAs as a therapeutic strategy to suppress cells proliferation.

title: MicroRNA-125a inhibits cell growth by targeting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity45403 :: (2239,Gene) :: ['glypican-4']


abstract: The early recognition of @entity772 @entity1 with a hopeless prognosis-regardless of how aggressively they are managed-is of utmost importance. Median somatosensory evoked potentials supplement and enhance neurologic examination findings in @entity63 and severe @entity131 , and are useful as an early guide to outcome. The key finding is that bilateral absence of cortical evoked potentials, generated by thalamocortical tracts, reliably predicts unfavorable outcome in @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 , and correlates strongly with @entity204 or persistent vegetative state in severe @entity131 . The author studied 50 @entity772 @entity1 with preserved brainstem function after @entity1167 . All 23 @entity1 with bilateral absence of cortical evoked potentials died without awakening. Neuropathologic study in seven @entity1 disclosed widespread ischemic changes or frank @entity75 . The remaining 27 @entity1 with normal or delayed central conduction times had an uncertain prognosis because some died without awakening or entered a persistent vegetative state. The majority of @entity1 with normal central conduction times had a good outcome, whereas a delay in central conduction times increased the likelihood of @entity51 or @entity204 . This report includes a systematic review of the literature concerning adults in @entity63 and severe @entity131 , in which somatosensory evoked potentials were used as an early guide to predict clinical outcome. Greater use of somatosensory evoked potentials in @entity63 and severe @entity131 would identify those @entity1 unlikely to recover and would avoid costly medical care that is to no avail.

title: The role of evoked potentials in @entity63 and severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic-ischemic coma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical laminar necrosis']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['brain trauma']


abstract: The study aimed to identify the HWP1 gene in non- @entity5132 Candida species and the differential expression of HWP1 following treatment with Piper betle and Brucea javanica aqueous extracts. All candidal suspensions were standardized to 1   10(6)   cells/mL. The suspension was incubated overnight at 37     C ( @entity7409 , 35  C). Candidal cells were treated with each respective extract at 1, 3, and 6   mg/mL for 24   h. The total RNA was extracted and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was carried out with a specific primer of HWP1. HWP1 mRNAs were only detected in @entity5132 , @entity7409 , and @entity9841 . Exposing the cells to the aqueous extracts has affected the expression of HWP1 transcripts. @entity5132 , @entity7409 , and @entity9841 have demonstrated different intensity of mRNA. Compared to @entity14346 , B. javanica demonstrated a higher suppression on the transcript levels of HWP1 in all samples. HWP1 was not detected in @entity5132 following the treatment of B. javanica at 1   mg/mL. In contrast, @entity7409 and @entity9841 were shown to have HWP1 regulation. However, the expression levels were reduced upon the addition of higher concentration of B. javanica extract. @entity14346 and B. javanica have potential to be developed as oral health product.

title: Effect of Piper betle and Brucea javanica on the Differential Expression of Hyphal Wall Protein (HWP1) in Non- XXXX Candida (NCAC) Species.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8434 is endemic in Romania. @entity8434 can develop in any segment or organ, but the most frequent locations are liver and lung. Mediastinal hydatid lesions are extremly rare and only a few cases exists in the medical literature. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between 1994 and 2011 Thoracic Surgery Clinic, UMF "Carol Davila" there were 3 @entity1 diagnosed and surgical trated for hydatid cyst of mediastinum. The @entity1 were 2 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 aged of 20, 37 and 52 years. All hydatid cysts were located in the anterior mediastinum and all were solitary lesions when diagnosed. RESULTS: In 1 case the positive diagnosis was made preoperatively, in the other 2 the diagnosis was intraoperative. The approach was through thoracotomy. One cyst was complicated (nonviable thymic hydatid cyst), treated by ideal cystectomy, and 2 cysts were viable. There was 1 postoperative complication: @entity999 remitted after medical treatment, caused by the intraoperative use of @entity274 as scolicide agent. CONCLUSIONS: Although very rare, anterior mediastinal hydatid cysts must be considered in every @entity1 with anterior mediastinal mass. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice; surgery followed by parasiticide therapy provides complete cure.

title: [ XXXX of anterior mediastinum].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Hydatid cyst', 'Echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['gaseous cerebral embolism']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['Hydatid cyst']


abstract: The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-immunoreactive cells (TSH cells) in the pars tuberalis (PT-TSH cell) of the male @entity35 pituitary gland show an intense spot-like TSH immunoreaction in the paranuclear cytoplasm. However, the ontogenic origin and characteristics of these spot-like stained PT-TSH cells remain to be elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the distribution and characteristics of PT-TSH cells in the foetal and adult @entity35 pituitary by immunostaining for @entity37342 factor and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TSH cells first appeared in the PT at 15.5 days of gestation and were either stained diffusely throughout the cytoplasm or displayed a strongly stained, spotty appearance in the paranuclear region. By 15.5 days of gestation, the rostral part of the PT consisted of columnar epithelium, in which TSH immunoreactivity was spot-like in the apical region of cytoplasm corresponding to the Golgi apparatus. At the 16.5 days of gestation, TSH cells were present in the @entity2038 ( @entity2038 ); however, the cells were mostly larger and polygonal with strong staining throughout the cytoplasm. These differences between the PT and @entity2038 were retained throughout foetal and neonatal @entity35 development. The TSH cells in the @entity2038 of the adult or gestational @entity35 were observed to contain @entity37342 factor by double immunostaining. However, TSH cells in the PT lacked @entity37342 factor. RT-PCR confirmed the absence of @entity37342 and TRbeta2 mRNA in the PT of the adult and late gestation @entity35 pituitary gland. These results suggest that apparently distinct types of TSH cells in the PT develop independently from TSH cells in the @entity2038 .

title: Characterization of TSH-positive cells in foetal @entity35 pars tuberalis that fail to express XXXX factor and thyroid hormone beta2 receptors.

entities_list: @entity2038 :: ('MESH:D015868', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pars distalis']

answer: @entity37342 :: (25517(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Pit-1']


abstract: @entity1 have a higher incidence of @entity231 , and epidemiologic data suggest that the increased risk may be caused by a lack of @entity172 in postmenopausal years. We have examined the effects of @entity172 on @entity7044 ( @entity7045 )-induced cataractogenesis in @entity35 . Animals were ovariectomized, injected with @entity7045 , and treated with @entity53 or @entity1815 by a continuous-release, subcutaneous Silastic implant, or they received an empty Silastic implant (no hormone). In the no-hormone group, @entity35 developed opaque lenses approximately 6 months after @entity7045 treatment. By 8 months, 74% (14/19) of the no-hormone @entity35 had evident opacity in one or both eyes by simple gross inspection; 58% (22/38) of the eyes in this group were opaque. @entity53 or @entity1815 treatment reduced the incidence of @entity231 to 12% or 25%, respectively. Lenses were examined under a dissecting microscope for light transmission. The lenses of the group treated with no hormone had light transmission of 26% +/- 9.2%, whereas lenses from the @entity53 -treated animals had light transmission of 72% +/- 5.8%. Histological examination revealed that the anterior cortices of the opaque lenses were disrupted and showed the hallmark signs of age-related @entity231 ; in addition, some eyes that appeared clear by macroscopic examination showed the early histologic signs of cataractogenesis. It was demonstrated with reverse transcription-PCR that lens cells express both alpha and beta types of @entity172 receptor, suggesting that the protective effects of the hormones may be a direct, receptor-mediated phenomenon. Thus, the @entity7045 -treated, ovariectomized @entity35 serves as a model for age-related cataractogenesis, and observation of a clear protective effect of @entity172 in this system supports the implications of epidemiologic data.

title: Protective effects of @entity172 in a XXXX model of age-related @entity231 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataractous eyes']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['methylnitrosourea']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low body temperature is considered neuroprotective in @entity385 , yet some studies suggest that low body temperature may also inhibit clot lysis and recanalization. We hypothesized that low body temperature was associated with persistent proximal @entity2500 in @entity1 with acute @entity385 presenting with symptoms of @entity2500 , suggesting a possible detrimental effect of low body temperature on recanalization. METHODS: All @entity1 with acute @entity385 admitted to our @entity64 Unit between February 2006 and August 2012 were prospectively registered in a database. Computed tomography (CT) angiography was performed in @entity1 admitted <6 hours after @entity64 onset. Based on presenting symptoms, @entity1 were classified according to the Oxford Community @entity64 Project classification (OCSP). @entity1 with symptomatic @entity2500 were compared to @entity1 with total anterior circulation @entity1188 (TACI) without @entity2500 on CT angiography. RESULTS: During the study period, 384 @entity1 with acute @entity385 were examined with CT angiography. A total of 79 @entity1 had @entity2500 and 31 @entity1 had TACI without @entity2500 . Median admission body temperatures were lower in @entity1 with @entity2500 compared to @entity1 without @entity432 (36.3  C versus 36.7  C, P = 0.027). Admission body temperature <36.5  C was independently associated with persistent @entity2500 when adjusted for confounders in multivariate analyses (odds ratio 3.7, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that low body temperature on admission was associated with persistent @entity2500 . These results may support a possible detrimental effect of low body temperature on clot lysis and recanalization.

title: Persistent XXXX associated with lower body temperature on admission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion', 'proximal MCA occlusion', 'middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: The group of @entity161 affects approximately 1% of the population and has both genetic and environmental etiologies. Sufferers report various behavioral abnormalities including @entity1833 and delusions (positive symptoms), reduced joy and amotivation (negative symptoms), plus inattention and poor learning ( @entity73 ). Despite the heterogeneous symptoms experienced, most @entity1 smoke. The self-medication hypothesis posits that @entity1 smoke to alleviate symptoms, consistent with evidence for @entity1239 -induced enhancement of cognition. While @entity1239 acts on multiple nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs), the primary target of research is often the homomeric a7 @entity6786 . Given genetic linkages between @entity161 and this receptor, its association with P50 sensory gating deficits, and its reduced expression in post-mortem brains, many have attempted to develop a7 @entity6786 ligands for treating @entity161 . Recent evidence that ligands can be orthosteric agonists or positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) has revitalized the hope for treatment discovery. Herein, we present evidence regarding: (1) pathophysiological alterations of a7 nAChRs that might occur in @entity1 ; (2) mechanistic evidence for the normal action of a7 nAChRs; (3) preclinical studies using a7 @entity6786 orthosteric agonists and type I/II PAMs; and (4) where successful translational testing has occurred for particular compounds, detailing what is still required. We report that the accumulating evidence is positive, but that greater work is required using positron emission tomography to understand current alterations in a7 @entity6786 expression and their relationship to symptoms. Finally, cross-species behavioral tasks should be used more regularly to determine the predictive efficacy of treatments.

title: Evaluating the role of the alpha-7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor in the pathophysiology and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenia disorders']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is performed as curative therapy for @entity981 ( @entity981 ). In most @entity1 , BMT is performed at the time of remission which implies that the number of @entity1778 cells is less than 5% of all hematopoietic cells, namely, 0 to 10(10) @entity1778 cells in the body. Thus, some @entity1 may well undergo BMT despite the fact that no @entity1778 cells are left in the body. In this respect, more accurate diagnosis of complete remission status would be to the @entity1 ' benefit. To detect @entity41 ( @entity41 ) not found by light-microscopy, further strategies are required after achieving hematological remission. Cytogenetic methods, Southern blot analysis and conventional immunological techniques can all provide accurate diagnosis, however, the sensitivity of these techniques for the detection of @entity41 is just as low as that of the light microscopy. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become available for the detection of low levels of chimeric @entity1861 transcripts in @entity8487 chromosome positive ( @entity12297 ) @entity981 @entity1 . With this assay, investigators have reported @entity41 in @entity1 after chemotherapy or BMT. Most @entity1 who achieve hematological remission after conventional chemotherapy still have @entity1861 transcript detectable by PCR, confirming the general concept that this particular @entity1778 needs BMT in order to cure the disease. Some @entity1 who had @entity41 prior to BMT continued disease free survival > 1 year after BMT with a negative PCR result and in these @entity1 , @entity41 seems to have been eradicated by the BMT procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Detection of XXXX in @entity8487 chromosome positive @entity981 : rationale for bone marrow transplantation from the polymerase chain reaction point of view.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['Philadelphia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemic']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['minimal residual disease']