abstract: Molecular tools have shown an added value in the diagnosis of @entity166 , in particular for those caused by fastidious intracellular microorganisms, or in patients receiving antibiotics before sampling. If 16S rDNA amplification had been gradually implemented in microbiology laboratories, specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) would have permitted an increase in the sensitivity of molecular methods and a reduction of contamination. Herein, we report our experience in the diagnosis of @entity166 over two years, during which 32,948 clinical samples from 18,056 @entity1 were received from France and abroad. Among these samples, 81,476 PCRs were performed, of which 1,192 were positive. Molecular techniques detected intracellular microorganisms in 31.3  % of respiratory samples, 27.8  % of @entity884 samples and 51.9  % of @entity3298 samples. Excluding intracellular bacteria, 25  % of the positive samples in this series were sterile in culture. Conventional broad-range PCR permitted the identification of fastidious and anaerobic microorganisms, but specific real-time PCR showed a significant superiority in the diagnosis of @entity281 , in particular for those caused by Kingella kingae and @entity794 , and for @entity884 diagnosis, specifically when @entity15515 and @entity794 were involved. The sensitivity of conventional broad-range PCR was 62.9  % concerning overall diagnoses for which both techniques had been performed. These findings should lead microbiologists to focus on targeted specific real-time PCR regarding the clinical syndrome. Finally, syndrome-driven diagnosis, which consists of testing a panel of microorganisms commonly involved for each syndrome, permitted the establishment of 31 incidental diagnoses.

title: Complementarity between targeted real-time specific PCR and conventional broad-range 16S rDNA PCR in the syndrome-driven diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular infections']

entities_list: @entity15515 :: ('315405', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus gallolyticus']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: @entity1140 , an immunosuppressant that prolongs allograft survival, is a co-drug with its intracellular receptor, @entity12572 . The @entity12572 . @entity1140 complex inhibits calcineurin, a critical signaling molecule during T-cell activation. @entity12572 was, until recently, the sole FKBP known to mediate calcineurin inhibition at clinically relevant @entity1140 concentrations. The best characterized cellular function of @entity12572 is the modulation of @entity8452 receptor isoform-1, a component of the @entity460 release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Recently, a novel protein, @entity12573 , was found to inhibit calcineurin at clinically relevant @entity1140 concentrations. We have cloned the cDNA encoding @entity1 @entity12573 and characterized the protein. In transfected Jurkat cells, @entity12573 is equivalent to @entity12572 at mediating the inhibitory effects of @entity1140 . Upon binding @entity3446 , @entity12573 complexes with the 288-kDa @entity1 target of @entity3446 . In contrast to @entity12572 , @entity12573 is not associated with @entity8452 receptor isoform-1 but with the distinct @entity8452 receptor isoform-2 in cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Our results suggest that @entity12573 has both a unique physiological role in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle and the potential to contribute to the immunosuppressive and toxic effects of @entity1140 and @entity3446 .

title: A novel XXXX binding protein can mediate the immunosuppressive effects of @entity1140 and is associated with the cardiac @entity8452 receptor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation is a serious problem facing individuals in many critical societal roles. One of the most ubiquitous tasks facing individuals is categorization. Sleep deprivation is known to affect rule-based categorization in the classic Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, but, to date, information-integration categorization has not been examined. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity1949 on information-integration category learning. DESIGN: @entity1 performed an information-integration categorization task twice, separated by a 24-hour period, with or without sleep between testing sessions. @entity1 : Twenty-one West Point cadets participated in the @entity1949 group and 28 West Point cadets participated in a control group. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep deprivation led to an overall performance deficit during the second testing session-that is, whereas @entity1 allowed to sleep showed a significant performance increase during the second testing session, sleepless @entity1 showed a small (but nonsignificant) performance decline during the second testing session. Model-based analyses indicated that a major contributor to the @entity1949 effect was the poor second-session performance of a subgroup of sleep-deprived @entity1 who shifted from optimal information-integration strategies at the end of the first session to less-optimal rule-based strategies at the start of the second session. Sleep-deprived @entity1 who used information-integration strategies in both sessions showed no drop in performance in the second session, mirroring the behavior of control @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the neural systems underlying information-integration strategies are not strongly affected by @entity1949 but, rather, that the use of an information-integration strategy in a task may require active inhibition of rule-based strategies, with this inhibitory process being vulnerable to the effects of @entity1949 .

title: The effects of XXXX on information-integration categorization performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'sleep-deprivation']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['sleep deprivation']


abstract: @entity4213 , @entity16287 and @entity4212 (FLAV) are sub-classes of @entity3088 that exert cardioprotective and anti-carcinogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. We aimed to estimate the FLAV dietary intake, their food sources and associated lifestyle factors in ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC) study. FLAV intake and their food sources for 36  037 subjects, aged between 35 and 74 years, in twenty-seven study centres were obtained using standardised 24  h dietary recall software (EPIC-SOFT). An ad hoc food composition database on FLAV was compiled using data from US Department of Agriculture and @entity3971 -Explorer databases and was expanded using recipes, estimations and @entity3096 retention factors in order to increase its correspondence with the 24  h dietary recall. Our results showed that the highest FLAV-consuming centre was the UK health-conscious group, with 130  9 and 97  0  mg/d for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. The lowest FLAV intakes were 36  8  mg/d in @entity1 from Ume   and 37  2  mg/d in @entity1 from Malm   (Sweden). The @entity16288 sub-class was the main contributor to the total FLAV intake ranging from 46  6 to 52  9  % depending on the region. @entity4213 ranged from 38  5 to 47  3  % and @entity4212 from 5  8 to 8  6  %. FLAV intake was higher in @entity1 , non-smokers, increased with level of education and physical activity. The major food sources were citrus fruits and citrus-based juices (especially for @entity16287 ), tea, wine, other fruits and some vegetables. We concluded that the present study shows heterogeneity in intake of these three sub-classes of @entity3088 across European regions and highlights differences by sex and other sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

title: Estimated dietary intakes of @entity4213 , XXXX and @entity4212 in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC) 24 hour dietary recall cohort.

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4212 :: ('MESH:D047309', 'Chemical') :: ['flavones']

entities_list: @entity4213 :: ('MESH:D044948', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavonols']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity16287 :: ('MESH:D044950', 'Chemical') :: ['flavanones']

entities_list: @entity16288 :: ('MESH:C028610', 'Chemical') :: ['flavanone']

answer: @entity16287 :: (MESH:D044950,Chemical) :: ['flavanones']


abstract: There is an increase in the number of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) reported as developing @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ) while on intensive immunosuppressive therapy. A 39-year-old @entity645 -negative @entity1 with a 10-year history of @entity1252 presented with progressive @entity425 while on maintenance therapy with oral @entity229 and @entity618 ( @entity2098 ). On several occasions low @entity404 + T-lymphocyte counts were found (68/  L). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large lesion in the right subcortical fronto-parietal region and a smaller one in the left frontal subcortex, corresponding to the @entity7578 . In cerebrospinal fluid, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity8315 (JCV) was negative, but anti-JCV antibodies were highly positive. Diagnosis of probable @entity7578 was made and @entity2098 was withdrawn. The @entity1 's condition improved with marked @entity425 and an increase in @entity404 (+) T-lymphocyte count (141/  L). Follow-up MRI showed regression of lesions and over the next 6 months the @entity1 remained stable. In spite of the grave prognosis associated with @entity7578 , @entity1252 @entity1 can have an excellent outcome if immunosuppressants are discontinued as soon as the correct diagnosis is made. @entity1252 @entity1 with associated low @entity404 (+) T-lymphocyte counts should be monitored for the development of @entity7578 during immunosuppressive therapy in particular.

title: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with @entity618 treatment in a @entity1 with lupus and XXXX + T-lymphocyte deficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of left-side weakness', 'left-side weakness']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity7578 :: ('MESH:D007968', 'Disease') :: ['progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy', 'PML']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Defective decision-making is a symptom of impaired cognitive function observed in @entity1 with @entity161 . Impairment on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been reported in @entity1 with @entity161 , but these results are inconsistent among studies. METHODS: We differentiated subjects based on whether they expressed certainty at having deciphered an advantageous strategy in the course of the task. We investigated this impairment using the IGT in @entity1 with @entity161 and performed analysis different to standard advantageous decks minus disadvantageous decks in all 100 card choices, [C+D]-[A+B](1-100). We examined the effects on behavior after receiving a big penalty. RESULTS: Results were dependent on @entity1 utilizing with or without certainty, the best strategy for positive gain. @entity161 @entity1 without certainty failed to show card choice shift, from disadvantageous to advantageous decks. Differences in card choices on the IGT were clearly shown between @entity1 with @entity161 and normal controls by the use of improvement from block 1 to blocks 3-5, [C+D]-[A+B]([41-100]-[1-20]) (P<0.001), rather than by the composite value of blocks 3-5, [C+D]-[A+B](41-100) (P=0.011). The deficit of emotion-based learning in @entity161 without uncertainty were related to scores on the @entity12269 and S5 attention. In addition, S1 affective flattering and S4 @entity4270 were also related to these deficits. For a while, normal controls showed a smooth shift from disadvantageous to advantageous decks after big penalties, with or without a certainty for strategy. However, @entity1 with @entity161 failed to show switching from disadvantageous to advantageous decks, even after big penalties, under the same conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight certainty of strategy and behavior after a big penalty, as two points of difference between @entity1 with @entity161 and normal controls in the accumulation of net scores.

title: Deficits in emotion based decision-making in XXXX ; a new insight based on the Iowa Gambling Task.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia-asociality']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 is frequently identified in @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of @entity296 detected by late @entity2287 -enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as a potential arrhythmogenic substrate in @entity1121 . We hypothesized that the extent of LGE might be associated with the inducibility of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) during programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS). METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively LGE CMR of 76 consecutive @entity1121 @entity1 , of which 43 presented with one or more risk factors for @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) and were therefore clinically classified as high-risk @entity1 . Of these 43 @entity1 , 38 additionally underwent an electrophysiological testing (EP). CMR indices and the extent of LGE, given as the % of LV mass with LGE were correlated with the presence of risk factors for @entity1164 and the results of EP. RESULTS: High-risk @entity1 had a significant higher prevalence of LGE than low-risk @entity1 (29/43 [67%] versus 14/33 [47%]; p = 0.03). Also the % of LV mass with LGE was significantly higher in high-risk @entity1 than in low-risk @entity1 (14% versus 3%, p = 0.001, respectively). Of the 38 high- risk @entity1 , 12 had inducible @entity1165 during EP. LV function, volumes and mass were comparable in @entity1 with and without inducible @entity1165 . However, the % of LV mass with LGE was significantly higher in @entity1 with inducible @entity1165 compared to those without (22% versus 10%, p = 0.03). The prevalence of LGE was, however, comparable between @entity1121 @entity1 with and those without inducible @entity1165 (10/12 [83%] versus 15/26 [58%]; p = 0.12). In the univariate analysis the % of LV mass with LGE and the septal wall thickness were significantly associated with the high-risk group (p = 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the extent of LGE was the only independent predictor of the risk group (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The extent of LGE in @entity1121 @entity1 correlated with risk factors of @entity1164 and the likelihood of inducible @entity1165 . Furthermore, LGE extent was the only independent predictor of the risk group. This supports the hypothesis that the extent of @entity82 may serve as potential arrhythmogenic substrate for the occurrence of @entity1165 , especially in @entity1 with clinical risk factors for @entity1164 .

title: Extent of late XXXX enhancement detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance correlates with the inducibility of @entity1165 in @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis', 'Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: We investigated the sequential patterns of changes in @entity935 uptake sites, @entity11642 receptors in the brain of animals lesioned with @entity2955 using quantitative receptor autoradiography. The @entity35 were unilaterally lesioned in the medial forebrain bundle and the brains were analyzed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postlesion. Degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway caused a significant loss of @entity935 uptake sites in the ipsilateral striatum, substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the lesioned animals. @entity935 D1 receptors were significantly increased in the ventromedial part of striatum of the ipsilateral side from 2 to 4 weeks postlesion. In the ipsilateral SN, a transient increase in @entity935 D1 receptors was observed only 1 week after lesioning. However, the frontal cortex, parietal cortex and dorsolateral part of the striatum showed no significant change in @entity935 D1 receptors throughout the experiments. On the other hand, @entity935 D2 receptors were decreased increased in the ipsilateral SN and VTA from 1 week to 8 weeks postlesion. In the ipsilateral striatum, @entity935 D2 receptors were increased in the dorsolateral part from 2 weeks to 8 weeks and in the ventromedial part from 2 weeks to 4 weeks. However, the frontal cortex and parietal cortex showed no significant change in @entity935 D2 receptors during postlesion. In the contralateral side, most of regions examined showed no significant change in @entity935 uptake sites, @entity935 D1 receptors and @entity935 D2 receptors during postlesion except for a transient change in a few regions. These results demonstrate that @entity2955 can cause a severe functional damage in @entity935 uptake sites in the striatum, SN and VTA. Our findings also suggest that the up-regulation in @entity935 D2 receptors is more pronounced than that in @entity935 D1 receptors in the brain after @entity2955 treatment. Furthermore, our results support the existence of @entity935 D2 receptors on the neurons of SN and VTA. Thus, our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of @entity191 .

title: Sequential changes of dopaminergic receptors in the @entity35 brain after XXXX lesions of the medial forebrain bundle.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']


abstract: 1. In previous studies, exogenous @entity750 ( @entity750 ), administered intravenously, caused dose-related increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate in conscious @entity742 . The 5-HT2 antagonist @entity6009 (0.1 mg/kg per h, i.v.) was shown to lower blood pressure in the conscious @entity742 primarily through antagonism of alpha-adrenoceptors. 2. A newer 5-HT2 antagonist, @entity7301 , is a more selective antagonist in vivo, as it attenuated or abolished pressor responses to exogenous @entity750 , but not to @entity2647 . 3. When infused alone, @entity7301 (0.1 mg/kg per h, i.v.) failed to produce a decrease in blood pressure, suggesting that @entity750 antagonistic properties are not sufficient by themselves to lower blood pressure. 4. @entity7301 displayed a different metabolic profile to @entity6009 , with a markedly decreased water intake. The mechanism of this effect is unresolved, but may imply a permissive role for @entity750 in the modulation of drinking responses in the @entity742 . 5. @entity7301 did not modify ACTH-induced @entity101 in @entity742 .

title: XXXX and serotonergic mechanisms in blood pressure and fluid regulation in @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['Ritanserin', 'ritanserin']

answer: @entity7301 :: (MESH:D016713,Chemical) :: ['Ritanserin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity28 and @entity101 are associated with @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) in @entity1 . Our objective was to compare the prevalence of @entity4346 in @entity28 and nonobese subjects with casual @entity101 who underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Untreated @entity1 (aged 6-20  years) underwent 24-hour ABPM, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was measured. Subjects were classified into three groups: @entity19430 ( @entity19430 ), @entity1556 ( @entity1556 ), and @entity101 ( @entity101 ). The prevalence of @entity4346 was compared between @entity28 and nonobese subjects among the groups. Of 69 @entity1 who underwent ABPM, thirty-two @entity1 (46%) had @entity19430 , 13 (19%) had @entity1556 , and 24 (35%) had @entity101 . Mean age, BMI, and LVMI were similar in the groups (P  =  not significant [NS]). In all, 22 @entity1 (32%) had @entity4346 , with no difference among @entity19430 versus @entity1556 versus @entity101 (37.5% vs. 46% vs. 16.7%, P  =  NS). Twenty-seven subjects (39%) were @entity28 . The ratio of @entity4346 in @entity28 to nonobese was 55.5% to 16.6% (P  =  .001). In both @entity1556 and @entity19430 , @entity1 with @entity4346 had a significantly higher BMI z score (P  =  .02 and P  =  .01, respectively). LVMI correlated strongly with BMI z score (P  =  .0001) but not with any blood pressure parameter. Almost half of @entity1 with casual @entity101 have @entity19430 . @entity4346 is prevalent in a third of @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity1556 , and @entity19430 . In both @entity1556 and @entity19430 , @entity1 with @entity4346 were more likely to be @entity28 . More than half of all the @entity28 subjects had @entity4346 . Obese @entity1 in all three groups may be at a greater risk for @entity16 .

title: Relationship of ambulatory blood pressure and body mass index to left ventricular mass index in pediatric @entity1 with casual XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19430 :: ('MESH:D059466', 'Disease') :: ['white coat hypertension', 'WCH']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['end organ damage']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension', 'pre-HT']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to compare the options available for @entity263 management and their consequences on fertility on @entity1 , in order to best advise these @entity1 to choose their treatment, especially if they are young, with no @entity1 with their current partner. METHODS: a literature review on @entity263 and fertility over the last 26 years was carried out on Pubmed database. The literature was based on evidence and pratical considerations. Twenty nine articles were selected according to their relevance. RESULTS: after prostatectomy, there is an obstructive @entity249 in 100% of the cases. In external radiotherapy, doses more than 15 cGy induced reduction in sperm count. Direct irradiation between 15 and 35 cGy caused @entity6660 and doses between 35 and 50 cGy caused reversible @entity3893 . The calculated projected doses on testicles were 196 cGy (+/-145 cGy). The brachytherapy effects on fertility seems to be less harmful. The irradiation dose received by testicles is less important (less than 20 cGy) after brachytherapy than after external radiotherapy. @entity249 induced by hormonal therapy alone should be reversible. Fertility and focal therapy haven't been well evaluated yet. Active surveillance is the management of @entity263 which allows to keep at best @entity1 's fertility. CONCLUSIONS: urologists should consider approaching the topic of @entity249 when discussing the pros and cons of @entity263 management with their younger @entity1 . If a @entity1 with @entity263 expresses interest in future fertility, a semen analysis should be performed. Cryopreservation represents the only preemptive accompanying possibility to preserve fertility in young @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Review of the different treatments and management for XXXX and fertility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['Infertility', 'infertility']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['various prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a mouthwash containing 0.075% @entity4410 ( @entity4411 ) in a @entity1388 -free, @entity285 -free base and a mouthwash containing essential oils in a @entity1388 -free, 21.6% @entity285 base as compared to a @entity1388 -free, @entity285 -free non-antibacterial mouthwash in controlling established dental plaque and @entity2522 after 6 weeks of twice daily use. METHODS: A 6-week, parallel-group, randomized double blind clinical trial was conducted in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Recruited subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) a mouthwash containing 0.075% @entity4411 in a @entity1388 -free, @entity285 -free base ( @entity4411 ); (2) a commercially-available mouthwash containing essential oils in a @entity1388 -free, 21.6% @entity285 base (EO); or (3) a @entity1388 -free, @entity285 -free non-antibacterial mouthwash (NC). Subjects were instructed to rinse with the assigned mouthwash, after tooth brushing, twice daily (morning and evening). After 4 and 6 weeks of product use, subjects were examined for @entity2522 (Whole Mouth Gingival, Gingival Interproximal, Gingival Severity Indexes) and plaque ( @entity2133 , Plaque Interproximal, and Plaque Severity Indexes) parameters. For treatment group comparisons, ANCOVA and post hoc Tukey's pair-wise comparisons (a = 0.05) were performed. RESULTS: 132 subjects were screened; 120 were enrolled; and 116 completed the study. After 6 weeks of product use, subjects using the @entity4411 and EO mouthwashes exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.001) reductions of all gingival and plaque measurements compared to subjects using the NC mouthwash. Subjects using the @entity4411 mouthwash did not exhibit a statistically significant (P > 0.05) reduction with respect to @entity2522 and all plaque measures (Whole, Interproximal, and Severity) when compared to EO mouthwash. Subjects using the @entity4411 mouthwash exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.05) reductions in Gingival Index scores of 5.1% (P = 0.005), and Gingival Interproximal Index scores of 5.5% (P = 0.016) relative to subjects using the EO mouthwash. These reductions were not considered clinically significant.

title: Efficacy of XXXX and essential oils mouthwashes compared to a negative control mouthwash in controlling established dental plaque and @entity2522 : A 6-week, randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis', 'gingival severity']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Whole Mouth Plaque']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity4411 :: (MESH:C015101,Chemical) :: ['CPC']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined the association between breast density and @entity0 characteristics. We examined the association between hormonal, proliferative, and histologic @entity5 characteristics and mammographic breast density in @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in 546 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 to evaluate the associations between breast density and @entity5 size, lymph node status, lymphatic or vascular invasion, histologic grade, nuclear grade, @entity5 differentiation, mitotic index, @entity5 necrosis, Ki-67 proliferation, @entity172 receptor, @entity1420 receptor, @entity876 , @entity5438 , cyclin E, @entity588 , and @entity1722 invasion. Breast density was classified as fatty (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System code 1 or 2; n = 373) or dense (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System code 3 or 4; n = 173) for the @entity5 -free breast. A single pathologist measured all @entity5 markers. We examined whether the relationships were modified by interval @entity5 or screen-detected @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity1 with a @entity5 size >1.0 cm were more likely to have dense breasts compared with @entity1 with a @entity5 size < or =1.0 cm after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.4 for @entity5 sizes 1.1-2.0 cm; odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.4 for @entity5 sizes 2.1-10 cm). Tumor size, lymph node status, and lymphatic or vascular invasion were positively associated with breast density among screen-detected @entity5 . Histologic grade and mitotic index were negatively associated with breast density in @entity1 diagnosed with an interval @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that breast density is related to @entity5 size, lymph node status, and lymphatic or vascular invasion in screen-detected @entity5 . Additional studies are needed to address whether these associations are due to density masking the detection of some @entity5 , a biological relationship, or both.

title: Association between mammographic breast density and XXXX characteristics.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer tumor', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In asthmatic airways secondary ciliary @entity910 contributes to impaired mucociliary clearance. To investigate underlying mechanisms, we studied the effects of cytokines associated with @entity565 phenotype on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in a cell culture model of ciliated @entity1 respiratory epithelial cells. METHODS: Nasal respiratory epithelial cells of 21 @entity1 were used to prepare multicellular cells (spheroids) in the presence of the T helper (TH) 2 cytokines @entity3646 , @entity225 , @entity4666 and @entity4047 , and the @entity1198 cytokine @entity379 ). CBF was determined by high-speed video microscopy. RESULTS: Addition of @entity3646 and @entity4047 and @entity3646 + @entity4047 decreased the mean CBF by 17, 21, and 22%, respectively, compared with untreated controls. Addition of @entity225 and @entity4666 lead to an increase in mean CBF (20 and 10%, respectively). Lower concentrations of @entity379 (0.1 and 1   ng/ml) decreased mean CBF and higher concentrations (10   ng/ml) increased CBF by 6%. Addition of @entity379 to @entity4047 reversed the effect of @entity4047 on the CBF of spheroids. CONCLUSION: Cytokines directly influence the ciliary function of respiratory epithelium and contribute to the impaired mucociliary clearance in @entity66 . Our study encourages further research to investigate @entity379 as a treatment option in diseases with @entity73 .

title: Effect of TH2 cytokines and @entity379 on beat frequency of XXXX respiratory cilia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired mucociliary clearance like asthma']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-y', 'interferon gamma (IFN-y']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical outcome for intractable, MRI-negative @entity739 ( @entity739 ), and to identify diagnostic targets in the focal epileptogenic area by methods other than MRI. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 9 @entity1 who had had surgery for intractable @entity739 , and whose lesions did not appear on MRI. We analyzed video/electroencephalography (EEG), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) findings and their surgical outcomes. In 7 @entity1 who were @entity410 free after surgery, we analyzed the EEG parameters for characteristics expected in the primary epileptogenic region. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent resective surgery including frontal lobectomy and multilobar resection. Seven @entity1 showed an Engel class I outcome, and 2 @entity1 showed a class III outcome. Interictal SPECT results showed 66.7% concordance for the hemisphere affected (lateralization), and 55.6% for lesion location (localization). Ictal SPECT showed 71.4% concordance for lateralization and localization. PET showed 66.7% concordance for lateralization, and 55.6% for localization. EEG parameters, including localized paroxysmal fast activities, spindle-shaped fast activities, repetitive or rhythmic sharp/spike wave discharges, and subclinical @entity410 showed highly localized specificity, and may serve to identify the @entity75 . CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of MRI-negative @entity739 should be justified using a combination of diagnostic methods.

title: Electroencephalography features of primary epileptogenic regions in surgically treated MRI-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms', 'IS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic lesion']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['infantile spasms']


abstract: @entity1 frequent take @entity1443 to treat @entity158 . One previous study found a high rate of overuse of nonprescription analgesics in an emergency dental clinic. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine if @entity1 with @entity158 are more likely to be treated for accidental @entity1443 @entity4968 than @entity1 with other types of @entity158 . METHODS: We conducted a case-control study at 2 urban hospitals. Cases were identified by chart review of @entity1 who required treatment for accidental @entity1443 @entity4968 . Controls were self-reported @entity1443 users taking therapeutic doses identified during a survey of emergency department @entity1 . For our primary analysis, the reason for taking @entity1443 was categorized as @entity158 or not @entity158 . Our primary outcome was the odds ratio of @entity1445 to therapeutic users after adjustment for age, sex, @entity988 , and use of combination products using logistic regression. RESULTS: We identified 73 cases of accidental @entity1443 @entity4968 and 201 therapeutic users. Fourteen @entity1445 @entity1 and 4 therapeutic users reported using @entity1443 for @entity158 . The adjusted odds ratio for @entity1445 due to @entity158 compared with other reasons for use was 12.8 (95% confidence interval, 4.2-47.6). CONCLUSIONS: We found that @entity1 with @entity158 are at increased risk to accidentally @entity1445 on @entity1443 compared with @entity1 taking @entity1443 for other reasons. Emergency physicians should carefully question @entity1 with @entity158 about overuse of analgesics.

title: XXXX as a risk factor for accidental @entity1443 @entity1445 : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['dental pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdose', 'accidental overdose']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Dental pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to highlight the perceived risks, behavioural changes and the rate of acceptance of seasonal and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 @entity683 vaccines by healthcare workers (HCWs) in a French Teaching Hospital. METHODS: We sampled HCWs from the Angers French Teaching Hospital (France) using a cross-sectional intercept design during phase 5A of the 2009 French National Plan for the Prevention and Control of 'Pandemic @entity683 '. From November 2009 to February 2010, HCWs were approached in the workplace to undertake the survey. The primary endpoint assessed immunization coverage among HCWs who had contact with at-risk- @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 532 HCWs who answered the questionnaire, 119 (22.4%) had received a seasonal vaccine and 194 (36.5%) the H1N1 pandemic vaccine. Coverage rate was significantly higher among physicians (45% for the seasonal vaccine, 61% for the H1N1 vaccine). The main reasons given for acceptance of the seasonal vaccine were "protection of the @entity1 " and "self-protection", whereas the main arguments against were "low risk of being infected" and "doubts about vaccine safety". For the H1N1 vaccine, reasons for vaccination were to "protect the @entity1 " and "protect the family". The main arguments against were "fear of side effects" and "doubts about vaccine safety". CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the lack of perception by HCWs of the importance of being immunized against seasonal and pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 @entity683 . In the future, particular efforts are needed, during vaccination campaigns, to provide more information to HCWs regarding development process and safety of such vaccines.

title: Acceptance of seasonal and pandemic a (H1N1) 2009 XXXX vaccination by healthcare workers in a french teaching hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza', 'influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the risks of @entity65 , and mortality associated with lower extremity amputation (LEA) in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . METHODS: We studied two cohorts of @entity1 with long standing type 1 @entity6 : GENEDIAB (n  =  456) and GENESIS (n  =  611). Subsets of the cohorts (n  =  260, n  =  544) were followed for 9 and 5  years, respectively. Outcomes were the incidence of @entity454 ( @entity454 ), @entity583 , @entity64 and mortality during follow-up. Analyses were performed in pooled cohorts. RESULTS: The prevalence of LEA at baseline was 9.3  % (n  =  99). A positive history of LEA was associated with the baseline prevalence of established (OR 4.50, 95  % CI 2.33-8.91, p  <  0.0001) and advanced @entity2316 (OR 5.50, 95  % CI 2.89-10.78, p  <  0.0001), @entity454 (OR 2.86, 95  % CI 1.43-5.50, p  =  0.004), @entity583 (OR 3.25, 95  % CI 1.68-6.15, p  =  0.0006) and @entity64 (OR 3.88, 95  % CI 1.67-8.72, p  =  0.002, adjusted for sex, age, and cohort membership). A positive history of LEA at baseline was associated with the incidence during follow-up of @entity454 (HR 2.69, 95  % CI 1.17-6.20, p  =  0.02), and @entity583 (HR 3.53, 95  % CI 1.79-6.97, p  =  0.0001). History of LEA was also associated with increased risk for all-cause (HR 3.55, 95  % CI 2.05-6.16, p  <  0.0001), cardiovascular (HR 3.30, 95  % CI 1.36-8.02, p  =  0.008), infectious disease (HR 5.18, 95  % CI 1.13-23.84, p  =  0.03) and other-cause mortality (HR 2.81, 95  % CI 1.09-7.26, p  =  0.03). History of LEA at baseline was associated with a 40  % reduction in the duration of survival in the subset of @entity1 who died during follow-up. Population attributable risk of the history of LEA at baseline for total mortality during follow-up was 0.31. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with LEA have a higher risk of @entity454 , @entity583 and cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. Our results highlight the importance of LEA as a key-predictor for major vascular events and premature death in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Lower-extremity amputation as a marker for renal and cardiovascular events and mortality in @entity1 with long standing type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: We have identified a @entity3392 homologue of the @entity1 @entity18286 protein, which we have called @entity21697 . It shows a high degree of identity to HE12 throughout its entire sequence, particularly in the bHLH domain (93%); @entity535 sequence identity of the bHLH domain of @entity21697 to @entity238 @entity21698 is also very high (75%). During early embryogenesis, expression of @entity21697 is widespread. Following gastrulation, @entity21697 transcripts can be detected in all embryonic tissues with the exception of the notochord, although zones with relatively higher densities of transcripts are present in the developing brain and in the somites. To assay biological activities associated with the @entity21697 protein, two P-element constructs were made, each carrying a @entity238 @entity21698 gene that had been modified by replacing either the HLH domain or the entire C-terminus including the bHLH domain, by the equivalent domains of @entity21697 . These constructs were used to transform flies and tested for their ability to rescue the @entity21698 mutant phenotype. Complete rescue of the neural phenotype and of the @entity2085 was obtained. However, the @entity21698 function could not be completely restored. Although fertile flies transheterozygous for a hypomorphic and an amorphic mutation and carrying the construct encoding the @entity3392 HLH domain emerged, they lacked various types of sensory organs on head and thorax and showed slight wing defects. Mutants carrying the second construct occasionally reached pupal stages but died subsequently. These data demonstrate that the HLH domain of @entity21697 can carry out most, but not all, functions performed by the corresponding region of the @entity21698 protein in @entity238 .

title: The HLH domain of a @entity3392 HE12 homologue can partially substitute for functions of the HLH domain of XXXX @entity21698 .

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lethality']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity21698 :: ('34413(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['DAUGHTERLESS', 'daughterless']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity164 is an autosomal dominant @entity164 with expanded trinucleotide repeats. Although @entity4148 was documented in postmortem reports, the @entity5433 in @entity1 with @entity164 , either in clinical analysis or electrophysiological investigations, has not yet been studied in detail. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with genetically confirmed @entity164 and 34 healthy subjects were studied. The study design included a detailed questionnaire, R-R interval variation on deep breathing or Valsalva maneuver, and sympathetic skin response evoked by electrical stimulation of the median nerve or magnetic stimulation of the neck. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of @entity1 had at least 3 symptoms involving different aspects of autonomic functions. Voiding problems and thermoregulatory disturbance were the most common symptoms. Ten (71%) of 14 @entity1 had abnormal R-R interval variation with a significant reduction of the mean ratio. Prolonged latency or absence of sympathetic skin response to electrical stimulation was identified in 73% of @entity1 and to magnetic stimulation, in 53%. R-R interval variation and sympathetic skin response showed good correlation with the functional stage. Electrical stimulation revealed the highest sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value compared with other tests. CONCLUSION: The present investigation documents that @entity5433 is not uncommon in @entity1 with @entity164 and might be related to the clinical progression.

title: XXXX in @entity164 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system degeneration']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Machado-Joseph disease', 'spinocerebellar ataxia']

answer: @entity5433 :: (MESH:C563939,Disease) :: ['Autonomic dysfunction']


abstract: The effects of increasing inspired @entity1508 concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 per cent) upon left ventricular @entity1562 supplied by a critically narrowed coronary artery and a normal coronary artery were studied in 11 open-chested @entity235 . Regional ventricular function was measured by continuous recording of ventricular segment length using pairs of implanted miniature ultrasonic length detectors in the left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) and left circumflex coronary artery (LC) territories before and during critical @entity850 of the @entity3980 by a micrometer-controlled snare. Critical narrowing was documented by @entity63 regional ventricular function (i.e., post-systolic shortening; systolic lengthening) limited to the @entity3980 territory when FIO2 = 0 for 90 seconds. Hemodynamic variables (aortic, left atrial and left ventricular pressure, and heart rate) were measured, ECG lead II was recorded, and the first derivative of left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dt) and coronary perfusion pressure derived for each @entity1508 concentration before and during @entity3980 narrowing. Increasing @entity1508 was associated with equivalent progressive @entity308 of global ventricular function before and during @entity3980 constriction. Prior to @entity3980 constriction, no @entity63 changes in regional function occurred. Regional ventricular function was normal during 0.5 percent @entity1508 in the presence of @entity3980 constriction. With increasing @entity1508 during @entity3980 constriction, @entity63 regional ventricular function was observed in the @entity3980 territory in eight of eleven hearts, whereas regional ventricular function remained normal in the LC territory. The epicardial ECG was recorded in three @entity235 and was insensitive as an indicator of @entity63 , becoming abnormal only after severe @entity63 changes were established. In these studies, in which heart rate remained constant, arterial blood pressure and LV dP/dt decreased, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased, decrease in blood flow and @entity26 delivery due to a lower perfusion pressure distal to the coronary artery narrowing appears to be primarily responsible for the observations. The authors hypothesize that clinically unapparent episodes of regional @entity741 distal to narrowed coronary arteries may be an important cause of perioperative @entity583 .

title: Regional XXXX ventricular dysfunction in @entity1562 supplied by a narrowed coronary artery with increasing @entity1508 concentration in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the developmental @entity137 potential of @entity19132 ( @entity19133 ) and @entity19134 ( @entity19135 ) in @entity35 . Pregnant @entity35 were exposed to @entity19133 or @entity19135 at doses of 0 (olive oil), 250, 500 and 750 mg kg(-1) per day, by gavage, on gestational days (GD) 6-20. @entity1907 and body weight gain were significantly reduced at 750 mg kg(-1) per day of @entity19133 and at the two high doses of @entity19135 . Slight changes in liver weight associated with peroxisomal enzyme induction were seen in dams treated with @entity19133 or @entity19135 . @entity19133 caused dose-related developmental @entity137 effects, including marked embryo mortality at 750 mg kg(-1) per day, and presence of @entity600 (mainly @entity2419 , @entity735 and @entity854 ) and significant decreases in fetal weight at 500 and 750 mg kg(-1) per day. Significant delay of ossification and increase in the incidence of skeletal variants (e.g. supernumerary lumbar ribs) also appeared at 250 mg kg(-1) per day. @entity19135 produced @entity1592 at 750 mg kg(-1) per day, as evidenced by significant reduction of fetal weight. @entity19133 and @entity19135 induced a significant and dose-related decrease in the anogenital distance of male fetuses at all doses, and there was a significant increase in the incidence of male fetuses with undescended testis at 500 and 750 mg kg(-1) per day of @entity19133 . In conclusion, @entity19133 showed clear embryolethality and teratogenicity, but not @entity19135 . There was evidence that both @entity5600 could alter the development of the male reproductive system after in utero exposure, @entity19133 being much more potent than @entity19135 .

title: Differential developmental @entity137 of XXXX and @entity19134 administered orally to @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye defects']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['axial skeleton abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity19134 :: ('MESH:C036042', 'Chemical') :: ['dicyclohexyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalates']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity19132 :: ('MESH:C027387', 'Chemical') :: ['di-n-hexyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal food consumption']

answer: @entity19132 :: (MESH:C027387,Chemical) :: ['di-n-hexyl phthalate']


abstract: Prolonged daily administration of oral @entity2879 has been reported to be active in @entity706 . The purpose of this phase II trial was to confirm the activity of this schedule of @entity2879 in a selected group of heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) or @entity978 ( @entity978 ). A total of 26 @entity1 (20 with @entity1893 and 6 with @entity978 ) were entered in the trial; all had previously been treated with an @entity632 -based chemotherapy, an @entity1260 -containing salvage combination, and i.v. @entity2879 . @entity2879 was given in a fixed oral daily dose of 100 mg over 3 weeks; the weekly dose (500-700 mg) was selected such that the average daily dose was approximately 50 mg/m2. Cycles were repeated on day 29. An objective response was seen in 16 @entity1 (62%; 95% confidence interval, 42%-80%), with a complete response (CR) being observed in 3 cases (12%) and a partial response (PR), in 13 (50%). The median duration of PRs was 3 months. CRs lasted for 15 months in one @entity1 and continue at 12+ and 20+ months in the remaining two @entity1 . The overall actuarial survival for the entire group was 40% at 2 years; the median survival time was 12 months. The main @entity137 was myelosuppression; WHO grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 and @entity882 developed in 31% and 12% of the @entity1 , respectively. There was no drug-related @entity204 . We conclude that oral @entity2879 is an effective and tolerable palliative treatment for heavily pretreated @entity706 @entity1 .

title: Prolonged daily administration of oral @entity2879 in @entity706 following prior therapy with @entity632 , an XXXX -containing salvage combination, and intravenous @entity2879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['refractory lymphoma', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide', 'Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of postsurgical complications is exacerbated when several risk factors coincide in the same @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of surgery for toxic @entity13209 in terms of (a) the need for sternotomy; (b) morbidity and mortality; and (c) remission of compressive symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review (1980-2002) was carried out of 43 cases of @entity137 according to Eschapase's definition (3 cm below the sternal manubrium) occurring in @entity1 without previous thyroid surgery who underwent total thyroidectomy. There were 2 control groups: I (non-toxic @entity13209 , without recurrence and not requiring total thyroidectomy) and II (non-intrathoracic, @entity137 without recurrence, requiring total thyroidectomy). The following variables were analyzed: sociopersonal, clinical and surgical characteristics, morbidity, mortality, and outcome. RESULTS: Compared with the control groups, the @entity1 group had longer disease duration and was older. In 6 @entity1 (14%) 1 was difficulty in intubation, and 2 @entity1 required fiberoptic intubation. All @entity5651 could be extirpated through the cervical route. The morbidity rate was 37% (n=16). Notably, 4 were recurrent lesions (9%), 1 of which was definitive, and 14 were @entity2742 (33%), one of which was definitive. The only difference between the control groups and the @entity1 group was a greater incidence of @entity261 in the @entity1 group than in control group II (33% versus 15%; p=0.0103). Surgical outcomes were excellent in terms of symptom remission. CONCLUSIONS: In any unit with ample experience of endocrine surgery, total thyroidectomy in toxic @entity13209 can be carried out with a low risk of postsurgical complications, a low incidence of sternotomies and complete symptom remission. In @entity13209 surgery, the presence of associated @entity1378 does not increase postoperative morbidity.

title: [Toxic XXXX . Clinical profile and surgical morbidity in an endocrine surgery unit].

entities_list: @entity13209 :: ('MESH:D006045', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic goiter']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic intrathoracic multinodular goiter', 'non-toxic goiter']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['transitory hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity13209 :: (MESH:D006045,Disease) :: ['intrathoracic goiter']


abstract: NTPDase (EC 3.6.1.5) occurs in lymphocytes and plays an important role in immune function, in that hydrolyzes extracellular @entity2353 tri- and/or @entity25275 to form @entity860 . Pythium insidiosum causes the disease @entity25276 , a @entity66 of @entity1641 , @entity235 , @entity291 , @entity468 and humans. Most antifungal drugs are ineffective against this pathogen, and immunotherapy, a treatment approach that relies on the injection of P. insidiosum antigen, has been successfully used in @entity1 and @entity1641 to manage this disease. In this study, we investigated NTPDase activity in lymphocytes from @entity95 inoculated with zoospores of P. insidiosum. After immunotherapy, we investigated the relationship between enzymatic activity and the pattern of the immune response. One milliliter of zoospores was inoculated subcutaneously into the coastal region of each @entity95 . An average of 17,500 viable mobile zoospores/mL of induction medium was administered. Inoculated @entity95 were checked weekly, and the subcutaneous nodular area (cm  ) was measured 28 days after inoculation. @entity95 that developed lesions received four doses of immunotherapy at intervals of 14 days. Blood samples were collected by heart puncture twice a month for the determination of NTPDase activity. The results demonstrated that NTPDase activity in lymphocytes was increased in relation to @entity855 hydrolysis (by about 100%) in @entity25276 and returned to normal values after immunotherapy. The data demonstrating NTPDase activity before and after immunotherapy reinforce the previously elaborated hypothesis that the change from a Th2 to a Th1 immune response is responsible for the curative properties of immunotherapy.

title: Immunotherapy for XXXX : Effect on NTPDase activity in lymphocytes of an experimental model.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pyogranulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity25275 :: ('MESH:D011756', 'Chemical') :: ['diphosphates']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity25276 :: (MESH:D058968,Disease) :: ['pythiosis']


abstract: AIM: To compare the efficacy of different intervals of @entity396 administration (simultaneously vis-  -vis 24 h), after @entity3927 , in @entity1 undergoing medical termination of pregnancy up to gestation of 49 days. METHODS: Eighty eligible @entity1 with single intrauterine pregnancy of  <= 7 weeks of gestation requesting abortion were randomized to receive either 200 mg of @entity3927 orally and 400  g of @entity396 vaginally simultaneously (Group 1) or at 24-h interval (Group 2). @entity1 who had no @entity548 after the drugs were offered a second dose of @entity396 24 h after the first dose. All @entity1 were followed up on day 14. Primary outcome measure was the complete abortion rate. Secondary outcome measures were the induction-abortion interval, adverse effects, especially @entity548 , and treatment acceptability rate. Treatment was considered a failure if surgical intervention was needed for any indication. RESULTS: Complete abortion was achieved in 38 @entity1 [95%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 88%, 100%] in Group 1 and 39 @entity1 (97.50%; 95% CI 93%,100%) in Group 2 (p = 0.56). A second dose of @entity396 was needed in two @entity1 in Group 1 and in only one @entity1 in Group 2. The induction-abortion interval was 6.50    1.48 h in Group 1 and 5.95    1.81 h in Group 2 (p = 0.13). The difference in frequency of adverse effects in the two groups was statistically insignificant (p = 0.18). The treatment acceptability rate was 97.50% in Group 1 and 95% in Group 2 (p = 0.56). CONCLUSION: Simultaneous administration of @entity3927 and 400  g vaginal @entity396 is an effective alternative to standard regimens for medical abortion up to 49 days of gestation.

title: Simultaneous administration of @entity3927 and XXXX for early termination of pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: Two hundred and eighty-nine @entity1 operated on for @entity459 ( @entity459 ) in the years 1956-79 have been followed up for a mean period of 5 years. The aim of the study was to investigate the symptomatology of @entity459 and the disappearance of the symptoms after operative treatment. Of the presenting symptoms hypercalcaemic crisis and cystic bone changes were cured, and none of the @entity1 with @entity788 as presenting symptom had a recurrence. In the @entity1290 group, 10% of the @entity1 had recurring stones during the follow-up period. The presenting symptom disappeared in 84% of the @entity1 . Thirty-five% of the @entity1 had no presenting symptom and were classified as "asymptomatic", though, on questioning, most of them had various symptoms which disappeared postoperatively. @entity425 disappeared in 79% of the @entity1 , upper @entity490 in 66%, @entity1142 in 63%, @entity158 in the extremities in 51% @entity308 in 65%. @entity101 increased by 28% during the follow-up period; only three of the 90 @entity1 with @entity101 has discontinued antihypertensive treatment postoperatively. During the follow-up study, 6% of the @entity1 were hypercalcaemic, though the serum @entity460 was only slightly elevated in almost all of these @entity1 (mean +/- SD 2.75 +/- 0.09 mmol/l) and most of them had the multiglandular form of @entity459 . The renal function did not deteriorate as much as was expected on the basis of earlier reports; only two @entity1 had a serum @entity1011 over 500 mumol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term effect of surgical treatment on the symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Malaise, fatigue and muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stone']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pains']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Gum Arabic (GA), a nonabsorbable nutrient manufactured from the exudate of Acacia senegal, is composed of a complex polysaccharide. GA is used by the pharmaceutical and food industry as an emulsifier but may, at an appropriate dosage, modify intestinal transport. Dendritic cells (DCs) can protrude between epithelial cells and sense the composition of the lumen. As DCs are stimulated by bacterial polysaccharides, we hypothesized that GA may similarly stimulate DCs. To test that hypothesis, @entity19 DCs were treated with either @entity558 or GA and expression of maturation markers, phagocytotic activity, cytokine production and ability to stimulate @entity1961 (+) T cells in allogenic mixed leukocyte reaction (allo-MLR) was analyzed. As a result both @entity558 and GA increased the percentage of @entity11805 (+) @entity11787 (+), @entity11805 (+)MHCII(+), @entity11805 (+) @entity14636 (+), @entity8024 -expressing DCs and decreased their phagocytic activity. Both @entity558 and GA stimulated the production of @entity777 , @entity1618 , IL12p70 and @entity637 in a @entity1995 - and/or @entity13436 -dependent manner. GA treatment led to an enhanced @entity1618 secretion, whereas @entity558 was more effective on @entity777 and IL-12p70 production. Both @entity558 - and GA-stimulated DCs enhanced @entity1961 (+) T cell proliferation but the profile of cytokines produced in allo-MLR was different. High levels of @entity1618 and @entity777 were observed in the presence of GA-treated DCs, whereas @entity60 and IL-12p70 production was similar with @entity558 - or GA-treated DCs. @entity558 upregulated @entity1995 and transiently @entity8837 , while GA led to more sustained activation of @entity8837 , only. In conclusion, the observations reveal a powerful immunomodulatory effect of GA.

title: Stimulation of XXXX dendritic cells by Gum Arabic.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: This work aimed at determining the ideal @entity63 time in an in vitro @entity63 -reperfusion model of @entity1566 . @entity35 spinal cord slices were prepared and then exposed or not to @entity26 deprivation and low @entity413 (ODLG) for 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes. Cell viability was assessed by @entity5045 (TTC), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and @entity5610 dyes specific for cell dead ( @entity5611 homodimer) using the apotome system. @entity3264 release was enzymatically measured by a fluorescent method. Gene expression of apoptotic factors was assessed by real time RT-PCR. Whereas spinal cord slices exposed to ODLG exhibited mild increase in fluorescence for 30 minutes after the insult, the 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes caused a 2-fold increase. ODLG exposure for 45, 60, 75 or 90 minutes, @entity3264 and LDH release were significantly elevated. @entity5612 mRNA expression was overexpressed for 45 minutes and moderately increased for 60 minutes in ODLG groups. @entity2310 / @entity5613 ratio, @entity2311 and @entity4124 mRNA expressions were significantly increased for 45 minutes of ODLG, but not for 30, 60, 75 and 90 minutes. Results showed that cell viability reduction in the spinal cord was dependent on ischemic time, resulting in @entity3264 and LDH release. ODLG for 45 minutes was adequate for gene expression evaluation of proteins and proteases involved in apoptosis pathways.

title: XXXX -reperfusion model in @entity35 spinal cord: cell viability and apoptosis signaling study.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity5610 :: ('CHEBI:51217', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorochrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy was initially considered to be a risky procedure for @entity5 @entity1 , especially @entity1 with an increased body weight. The literature is scarce regarding the effects of @entity28 on laparoscopic rectal surgery. The aim of the current study was to analyze the effect of an increased body mass index (BMI) on outcome of laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic rectal resection were allocated to one of three groups according to their BMI: normal weight (BMI < 25), overweight (25  <= BMI < 30) and @entity28 (BMI >=  30). These three groups were compared with each other in terms of @entity1 demographics, postoperative hospital stay, @entity260 and histopathological data. RESULTS: There were 100 @entity1 operated on for @entity5 . The median BMI of the @entity1 was 27 (range 18.5-40) kg/m(2), and 43, 43 and 14 @entity1 were classified as normal weight, overweight and @entity28 , respectively. The conversion rate was 4.7% in the overweight group and 0% in the other groups. The proportion of complications and oncological outcomes between the groups showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Apparently, increased BMI is not a contraindication for laparoscopic rectal surgery.

title: Impact of increased body mass index on laparoscopic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Most cases of distal bypasses closures are caused by reduced blood flow within the affected peripheral vasculature, resulting in corresponding reduction in the graft's blood supply. The authors use multiple, sequence, Y grafting and bridge grafting procedures on crural and pedal arteries, in order to improve the above hemodynamic features. Furthermore, the techniques facilitate better circulation within larger extremity regions. METHODS: From April 2007 to January 2009, the authors completed a total of 38 sequence bypass procedures. The procedures included 30 Y graft procedures with peripheral anastomoses with crural arteries, 4 Y graft procedures with peripheral anastomoses with pedal arteries and 4 bridge graft procedures. Y grafting is a technique, in which a classical distal bypass is formed, to which another bypass is attached end-to-side in an acute angle. The composite bypasses form a reversed letter Y. Its distal branches anastomose with crural or pedal arteries. Bridge grafting is a technique, where a short bypass between crural arteries is formed, using a venous graft with removed valves, allowing for a two-way flow. The distal @entity254 is attached end-to-side. All the above vascular reconstructions were indicated for critical extremity @entity63 , some @entity1 had a history of endovascular reinterventions. In the @entity1 group, autologous veins were used in 20 reconstructions, while @entity736 prostheses were used in 10 reconstructions. Clinical and sonographic examinations were performed on discharge, followed by check ups at 1,3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: The follow up period in @entity1 with Y graft reconstructions was 6-20 months (mean duration of 12 months). Two @entity1 underwent major amputation, required for bypass closures, 3 subjects exited with patent vascular reconstructions, their deaths were not related to the procedure. The authors recorded 4 bypass closures, with the main trunk patency. Primary/secondary 30-day patency rate was 90%/97%, the long-term patency rate was 93%. CONCLUSION: The vascular reconstructions results are similar to those presented in literature. In order to perform more accurate assessment of individual revascularization variants, long- term follow up studies, including randomized studies, are required.

title: [Multiple sequence revascularization of infrapopliteal arteries in the management of critically XXXX extremity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Water loss was determined during incubation in 80 eggs of the domestic fowl, White Leghorn-LB and New @entity5155 (between the 1st and 20th day), and in 80 eggs of Beijing White @entity4186 (between the 1st and 25th day). Our data have shown that, the lowest actual water content was found in @entity5155 eggs, the highest in the @entity4186 eggs. Water content decreased absolutely and relatively during incubation; 365 in LB, 500 in @entity5155 and 312 mg/d in @entity4186 . Water loss was higher in the first half of hatching. In the second half it was probably partly offset by water originating from fats oxidized for energetic purposes; the offset made a third in LB and @entity5155 , and still more in the @entity4186 . Our results are somewhat different from the literature data, the variability of which is considered to be rather high in general. There were large shifts of water among the egg components during incubation. Water totally disappeared from the albumen, although it contained approximately three quarters of water was at the beginning of hatching. Already in the first half of incubation, more than a third of water was transported to the embryo, fetal membranes and fluids. In the subsequent ten days, water accumulation in the body of the developing and growing embryo was especially rapid; the water amount increased eight times in the fowl, seven times in the @entity4186 bodies. Water losses and its shifts show not only interspecific differences related to different lengths of incubation, but also intraspecific ones, between BL and @entity5155 .

title: [Changes in hydration in chicken and XXXX eggs during incubation].

entities_list: @entity5155 :: ('MESH:C536394', 'Disease') :: ['NH', 'Hampshire-NH']

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['duck']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Smc5-Smc6 complex contains a heterodimeric core of two SMC proteins and non-Smc elements (Nse1-6), and plays an important role in DNA repair. We investigated the functional roles of Nse4 and Nse1 in @entity4328 . Nse4 and Nse3 expressed as Flag-tagged fusion proteins were highly enriched in nuclei, while Nse1 was localized in whole cells. Using yeast two-hybrid assays, only the interaction between Nse3 and Nse1 was detected among the combinations. However, all of the interactions among these three proteins were recognized by co-immunoprecipitation assay using cell lysates prepared from the cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)- or Flag-tagged fusion proteins. GFP-tagged Nse1, which localized in whole cells, was translocated to nuclei when co-expressed with Flag-tagged Nse3 or Nse4. RNAi-mediated Nse1 and Nse4 knockdown cells (Nse1 @entity573 and Nse4 @entity573 cells) were generated and found to be more sensitive to UV-induced cell death than control cells. Upon starvation, Nse1 and Nse4 @entity573 cells had increases in the number of smaller fruiting bodies that formed on non-nutrient agar plates or aggregates that formed under submerged culture. We found a reduction in the mRNA level of pdsA, in vegetative and 8  h-starved Nse4 @entity573 cells, and pdsA knockdown cells displayed effects similar to Nse4 @entity573 cells. Our results suggest that Nse4 and Nse1 are involved in not only the cellular DNA damage response but also cellular development in @entity4328 .

title: Nse1 and Nse4, subunits of the Smc5-Smc6 complex, are involved in XXXX development upon starvation.

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['D. discoideum', 'Dictyostelium discoideum']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium']


abstract: A brief description of the results obtained by cytogenetic analyses of @entity5 cells from @entity14 is reported. Two distinct patterns of @entity2008 are observed. The major one, called "monosomic type", because many chromosomes losses exist, is characterised by the losses or deletions of the following chromosomes 18, 17 (short arm = p), 1p, 4, 14, 5 (long arm = q) and 21. It frequently evolves towards polyploidy, by duplication of all remaining chromosomes. The minor one, called "trisomic type", is characterised by the gain of several chromosomes: 7, 12, X, 5 and 8. The @entity2008 observed seem to have no topological relationships with oncogenes, and other interpretations for their occurrence were investigated. The numerous and frequent deletions of some chromosomes, like 17p and 18, may indicate the involvement of recessive genes, like in the anti-oncogene system. In addition, it is observed that most deletions involve genes for "de novo" pathways whereas gains involve genes for salvage pathways of the synthesis of @entity2036 . A correlated cytogenetic and enzymologic study was thus developed, and the first results show that the chromosomal pattern may well indicate the metabolic deviations. @entity5 have, on the average, a relatively low "de novo" and a high salvage pathways, and @entity5 a high "de novo" and salvage pathways. Since chemotherapy is principally orientated against "de novo" pathways of the synthesis of @entity2036 , these results may help to understand the difficulties of chemotherapy in @entity14 and perhaps to adapt it better.

title: [Recent data on the cytogenetics of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Monosomic type tumors', 'cancer', 'trisomic type tumors']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 304 Background: Many centers are establishing LDCT @entity2 screening programs after the 2013 grade B recommendation from the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Uncertainty remains regarding the extent to which new programs will adhere to recommended selection criteria, as well as screening program performance. We analyzed adherence to selection criteria, rate of positive screens, and prevalence of incidental findings in a single-center LDCT screening registry study. METHODS: We established a prospective, longitudinal registry study of @entity1 undergoing LDCT screening at the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance. Baseline data include socio-demographic characteristics and eligibility for LDCT screening. We conduct chart reviews at 6 and 12 months to determine screening results (based on NLST definitions); @entity2 diagnosis; and incidental findings. RESULTS: From August 2012 to April 2014, 62 out of 105 (59%) screened @entity1 enrolled in the registry. Mean age is 62 years; 38 (61%) are male; 52 (84%) are white; mean household income is  97,363; 31 (50%) are current smokers; and 39 (63%) have a smoking history >=  30 pack-years. A total of 28 (45%), 31 (50%), and 31 (50%) of @entity1 were eligible for screening based on criteria used in the NLST or recommended by the NCCN or USPSTF guidelines, respectively. Sixteen @entity1 (26%) were not eligible for screening based on any of these criteria. For fourteen (88%) of these @entity1 , LDCT screening was ordered by a primary care provider as opposed to a @entity2 specialist. Initial screening results were positive in 7 (13%) @entity1 , with 1 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 . At least one incidental finding was reported in 40 (74%) @entity1 , including cardiac and @entity358 in 28 (70%) and 25 (63%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: About one quarter of @entity1 undergoing LDCT screening do not meet recommended criteria, with primary care providers most commonly ordering the LDCT screen for these @entity1 . Primary care provider education may improve adherence to screening guidelines. Incidental findings were more frequently reported than in the NLST; their impact on healthcare outcomes and costs deserves further investigation.

title: Performance of a low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) XXXX screening program: Findings from a registry study.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abnormalities']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess for disparity within a cohort of @entity1 presenting with complicated @entity14 . A retrospective study of 522 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity14 at a tertiary care institution was performed. @entity5 was defined by perforating or obstructing @entity1049 . Statistical analysis was conducted by chi2 test and analysis of variance. Of the 522 @entity1 , 72 @entity1 (14%) presented with complicated @entity14 . Blacks in @entity258 (36 vs 0%, P < 0.001) and those with public insurance (55 vs 16%, P < 0.05) had increased presentation with complicated @entity14 as compared with whites. Black (91%) and Hispanic @entity1 (86%), when compared with white @entity1 (37%) had increased incidence of complicated @entity14 (P < 0.05). @entity1 in @entity258 , regardless of race, had increased @entity5 recurrence rates (57 vs 8%, P < 0.001) compared with @entity1 in average or high-income brackets. Mortality rate was 57 per cent in Hispanic, 29 per cent in white, and 27 per cent in black @entity1 (P = nonsignificant). Specific targeting of @entity14 screening, education, and follow-up programs is imperative for minority @entity1 and @entity1 of low socioeconomic status.

title: Health disparity in complicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Complicated cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income brackets']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the size and shape of commercially available @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) particles and to determine whether they change in size when suspended in nonionic contrast and in a solution of nonionic contrast and absolute @entity167 . METHODS: The two-dimensional area and the long and short axis of @entity939 particles from several different vendors were measured using a light @entity3178 attached to a video system and an image-processing software program. Particles were measured as packaged (dry or suspended in saline), suspended in @entity19611 , and suspended in @entity19611 containing 30% @entity167 . RESULTS: All brands of dry particles had similar microscopic appearances. The saline-suspended particles had fewer and finer perforations. After suspension in contrast, all sizes and brands of dry particles significantly increased in size. The particles packaged in saline did not expand. The addition of @entity167 to the contrast did not consistently change particle size. @entity1423 was similar in both contrast suspensions for all groups of particles. Particles less than 50 microns in size were rarely observed in any @entity939 preparation after suspension. CONCLUSIONS: The three dry @entity939 preparations seem to be similar. All increase significantly in size when suspended in nonionic contrast or contrast- @entity167 solutions. The saline-packaged @entity939 particles were different from the dry variety and did not enlarge in contrast or contrast- @entity167 solutions. @entity167 did not change the size or suspension characteristics of @entity939 particles. Particles less than 50 microns in size were rarely identified.

title: XXXX particle size and suspension characteristics.

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Particle aggregation']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscope']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['Polyvinyl alcohol']


abstract: It has recently been demonstrated that acute @entity1007 per se, independently of its atherogenic effect, increases the extent of @entity296 in @entity95 undergoing @entity1563 -reperfusion. Estimation of myocardial blood flow after reperfusion indicated that this deleterious effect was due to a @entity455 that limited the efficacy of reperfusion. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role played by platelets in contributing to the occurrence of this deleterious effect. Accordingly, New Zealand White @entity95 were fed a standard laboratory chow diet (plasma @entity165 67 +/- 12 mg/dl) or a 2% @entity165 -enriched diet for 3 days (plasma @entity165 329 +/- 70 mg/dl). In a first series of experiments autologous platelets were labeled with @entity4769 . After labeling, platelets were reinjected in the same animal and 30 min later @entity1563 ( @entity1563 ) was induced. @entity1563 was maintained for 30 min followed by 5.5 hr of reperfusion. The animals were then killed, their hearts were excised, and each left ventricle was divided into @entity63 and normally perfused samples. Myocardial samples were then counted in a gamma counter. Platelet accumulation ratio, i.e., 111In activity in the @entity63 myocardium per gram of tissue divided by 111In activity in the normal myocardium per gram of tissue, was calculated. The ratio was 2.4 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM) in controls (n = 7) and 10.3 +/- 1.0 in the @entity165 -fed group (n = 6, p less than .001), indicating that a marked accumulation of platelets occurs in the @entity63 myocardium of @entity753 @entity95 . To evaluate the importance of this phenomenon, another series of experiments was performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of platelet depletion in counteracting the detrimental effect of acute @entity1007 on infarct size and the no-reflow phenomenon in XXXX undergoing @entity1563 -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion', 'CAO']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The aim of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the different levels of regulation involved in the reduction in milk yield in response to once-daily milking and feed restriction. The treatments were designed as a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of 2 milking frequencies (once- or twice-daily milking) and 2 feeding levels (70 or 98% of requirements determined 1 wk before the trial). The @entity291 were surgically prepared to study the net mammary balance of the nutrients that are precursors of milk components. Mammary efficiency in synthesizing milk components was estimated using a milk output:mammary uptake ratio. No interaction was observed between the effects of milking frequency and feeding level on milk and blood parameters except for milk protein yield, milk @entity844 profile, and nonesterified @entity1718 metabolism. Once-daily milking and feed restriction reduced milk yield by 5.1 and 2.9 kg/d and fat-corrected milk yield by 4.2 and 4.1 kg/d, respectively. Both treatments induced a decrease in mammary blood flow. Once-daily milking led to a reduction in the extraction rate of @entity413 but no changes to the lactose output: @entity413 uptake ratio. Feed restriction did not change the @entity413 extraction rate but tended to improve the lactose output: @entity413 uptake ratio. Under once-daily milking, the slight increase in milk fat content (0.34 percentage units) was linked to a depressed uptake of @entity413 and @entity598 but without any variations in the uptake of @entity4322 and total @entity653 and in the efficiency of @entity598 and @entity4322 conversion to short- and medium-chain @entity1718 in milk. The decline in milk fat and protein contents (-0.43 and -0.23 percentage units, respectively) under feed restriction was associated with relatively similar reductions in the mammary uptake of all nutrients and with enhanced conversion of the @entity413 taken up by the mammary gland and used for @entity1132 synthesis. As a result, once-daily milking and feed restriction seem to affect milk yield through mechanisms that may be different and relatively independent.

title: Adaptations of mammary uptake and nutrient use to once-daily milking and feed restriction in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of courses of intermediate-dose @entity2592 (ID- @entity2592 ) chemotherapy on the efficiency of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). METHODS: 90 @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 undergoing auto-HSCT between August 1999 and November 2012 were enrolled. All @entity1 received the mobilization regimen of @entity2592 and @entity2879 chemotherapy in combination with recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 (rhG-CSF). Stem cell apheresis was scheduled when blood leukocyte count recovered greater than 4.0   10   /L or the proportion of @entity2280    cells greater than 1% in peripheral blood. The impact of ID- @entity2592 courses on the mobilization efficiency was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: According to the ID- @entity2592 courses, @entity1 were divided into group A (<2 courses), B (2 courses), and C (>2 courses). The median doses of @entity2280    cells ( 10   /kg) in three groups were 4.7, 2.7, 2.3, respectively (P=0.003). Of the available 87 @entity1 who could be evaluated, 61 (70.1%) cases had @entity2280    cells greater than 2.0   10   /kg, and 26 (29.9%) cases less than 2.0   10   /kg. Of the 26 @entity1 without satisfactory mobilization efficiency, 7 (15.2%) were in group A, 10 (47.6%) in group B, and 9 (45.0%) in group C (    =10.05, P=0.007). In addition, @entity1 with satisfactory mobilization efficiency ( @entity2280    cells >=  2.0 10   /kg) in groups C needed more times of collection, more volume of blood processed, and even high-dose and longer course of rhG-CSF (P<0.05). In univariate analysis. The ID- @entity2592 courses and the cumulative dose were significant correlate with mobilization efficiency. In multivariate analysis, the ID- @entity2592 courses was an independent correlation factor for mobilization efficiency (odd ratio=0.623, 95% confidence interval=0.418-0.926, P=0.019). The sex, age, cytogenetic risk, the standard chemotherapy courses did not correlate with mobilization efficiency. CONCLUSION: The number of ID- @entity2592 courses was independent factor for the mobilization efficiency and should be taken seriously in @entity3052 @entity1 with auto-HSCT.

title: [Effect of intermediate-dose @entity2592 on mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine', 'Ara-C']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both surgical and conservative treatment strategies offer an excellent outcome to @entity1 with @entity6595 . No comparison of surgical resection with primary radiation or chemotherapy on a prospective randomised basis was available up to now. AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare surgery with radiation and surgery plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone in @entity1 with @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) of @entity1074 and @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ), respectively, with respect to long-term outcome and quality of life. METHODS: 49 @entity1 [21 male and 28 female; age 65 (35 - 75) years] with newly diagnosed @entity1892 (n = 19) and @entity1892 (n = 30) of stage I and II were recruited. Outcome was evaluated after a follow-up of 74 (7 - 102) months and quality of life was measured using the SF-36 health survey and the gastrointestinal life quality index (GLQI). RESULTS: Complete remission rates in @entity1892 were 88 % and 89 % in @entity1 treated by surgery or radiotherapy, respectively. The corresponding rates for @entity1 with @entity1892 were 93 % following surgery plus chemotherapy and 92 % after chemotherapy alone, respectively. The results in the different treatment groups did not differ significantly. Posttherapeutic quality of life was generally high with a significant advantage for @entity1 treated conservatively compared to those who underwent surgery. CONCLUSION: Long-term outcome of @entity1 with @entity6595 is excellent irrespective of the @entity706 . Considering quality of life a conservative therapeutic strategy should be favoured.

title: Outcome and quality of life favour a conservative treatment of @entity1 with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma type and the treatment approach']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['MZBCL', 'DLBCL', 'marginal zone B-cell lymphoma', 'diffuse large B-cell lymphoma', 'MZBCL of MALT']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Case report and review of the current literature about @entity18442 ( @entity18442 ). METHODS: Review of our @entity1 's medical records and of the current literature. RESULTS: The @entity18442 is a rare and potentially lethal type of @entity9585 lichenoides et varioliformis @entity11411 . It is characterized by the sudden onset of @entity272 associated with high fever and systemic symptoms. Because of a high case-fatality rate it requires quick and decisive action. Only 40 cases of this severe form of the disease have been reported in the literature to date. We present the case of a 30-year-old male @entity1 with severe @entity18442 who was successfully treated in our burn intensive care unit after failed treatment at a dermatological hospital. The @entity1 was treated with topical antiseptics, moisturizers, and artificial skin substitutes, as well as systemic immunosuppressive therapy (glucocorticoids) with which we were able to control the disease activity so that healing of the @entity1 's @entity272 could be achieved. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity18442 should be treated in a specialized center for severely burned @entity1 . Only such centers can provide the structural and logistical capacities necessary for the treatment of such extensive superficial wounds.

title: CASE REPORT XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18442 :: ('MESH:C537077', 'Disease') :: ['FUMHD', 'febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['ulceronecrotic skin lesions', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity9585 :: ('MESH:D010915', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis']

answer: @entity18442 :: (MESH:C537077,Disease) :: ['Febrile Ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann Disease']