abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation of @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) markers (AFMs) of @entity281 with histopathologic findings in cases of @entity3152 with intact membranes, between 22 and 36 weeks' gestation. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed the charts of @entity1 admitted in @entity3152 with intact membranes between January 1993 and December 1996. Those having amniocentesis were identified, and AFMs were compared with histopathology in @entity1 who delivered within 48 hours of the amniocentesis. The AFMs evaluated were @entity413 , polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Gram stain, and culture. All placentae were reviewed by a single pathologist blinded to the @entity6703 findings. Histologic evidence of acute @entity32 was defined by findings of both subchorial intervillositis and marginating choriodeciduitis. The sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values of the various AFMs were calculated. RESULTS: Of 556 @entity1 with intact membranes presenting in @entity3152 , 181 (32.6%) had amniocentesis and 88 delivered within 48 hours of the amniocentesis. @entity5870 was seen in 53 @entity1 (60.2%). The findings (with their sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values) were: polymorphonuclear leukocytes at > 10/high-power field (22.6%, 97.2%, 92.3%, and 46.1%), positive Gram stain (26.4%, 94.6%, 87.5%, and 47.3%), culture (28.3%, 92.1%, 83.3%, and 47.9%), and @entity413 of < 15 mg/dl (28.3%, 94.6%, 88.2%, and 47.9%), respectively. Using a receiver-operator characteristic curve for different level of @entity6703 @entity413 , a @entity413 level of < 20 mg/dl was the most sensitive @entity6703 predictor of histologic @entity5870 . CONCLUSION: Histopathologic evidence of @entity5870 was present in 60.2% of cases of @entity600 due to @entity3152 in @entity1 who at our institution were offered and accepted amniocentesis and subsequently delivered within 48 hours. AFMs may be useful predictors of histologic @entity5870 . The most efficient AFM for @entity5870 in this group of @entity1 was @entity413 at < 20 mg/dl.

title: Relationship of @entity6703 markers of XXXX with histopathology in cases of @entity3152 with intact membranes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['Histopathologic chorioamnionitis', 'chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm births']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intra-amniotic infection']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['intra-amniotic infection']


abstract: beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (GalTase) is the glycosyltransferase in the Golgi apparatus that transfers @entity3649 from @entity858 - @entity3649 to terminal @entity3954 residues in glycoconjugates with formation of a beta-1,4 linkage. @entity5 undergo various changes in the @entity1735 moieties of their glycoconjugates. This process also indicates the possibility of changes in glycosyltransferases themselves. Therefore, we compared the binding pattern of a monoclonal antibody (MAb8628) against GalTase in both normal and neoplastic exocrine pancreatic tissues. Ten normal and 11 neoplastic @entity1 exocrine pancreatic tissues obtained from surgery were used. Frozen sections were incubated with this antibody. Supranuclear regions and terminal bars of normal duct cells and acinar cells revealed positive staining for GalTase at the light microscopic level. Centroacinar cells revealed positive staining in their perinuclear region. Neoplastic cells were also stained in their supranuclear regions and terminal bars. Supranuclear regions were well developed in neoplastic cells and intensely stained compared with those in normal cells. The supranuclear regions and the terminal bars corresponded to the trans cisternae of the Golgi apparatus and the junctional complex (i.e., tight junction and adherens junction), respectively, seen at the electron microscopic level. Pancreatic neoplastic changes thus led to an increase in the expression of GalTase in the Golgi apparatus, the increase of which may have an important effect on the intercellular adhesion and communication among pancreatic epithelial cells. Measurement of this enzyme is useful for diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic neoplastic changes from normal tissues.

title: Immunohistochemical localization of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase in XXXX pancreatic tissues.

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted in Italy of preventive treatment with @entity3372 (an angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitor) compared to no treatment in @entity1 at high risk of @entity65 . The analysis was based on data extracted from the HOPE trial. METHODS: The current life table method was used in order to model a lifetime time horizon for outcomes and costs. The cohorts used were 1000 subjects on @entity3372 , and 1000 subjects on placebo enrolled in the HOPE trial. Kaplan-Meier curves at 5 years of the clinical study were fitted using an exponential model over a lifetime horizon, the outcome variables being @entity583 , @entity64 , revascularization and @entity204 . Total direct medical costs have been considered from a third-party payer's perspective--the Italian National Health Service. Resources involved in each event/activity were estimated using the modified Delphi technique with a panel of six clinicians. Types of resources reported included drug therapies, laboratory and imaging tests, physician visits, outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation, as well as medical and surgical hospital admissions. The incremental cost per life year gained was the main measure of the analysis. RESULTS: ICER (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio) decreases with the length of the treatment period. After the first year the ICER is 55,062 @entity7634 and subsequently decreases to about 12,770 @entity7634 at 5 years, 5945 @entity7634 at 10 years and 3726 @entity7634 at 20 years. The two ways sensitivity analysis showed that at 5 years ICERs range from a saving of 4059 @entity7634 to a cost of 22,929 @entity7634 (at 20 years they are 1814 @entity7634 and 4434 @entity7634 ), mainly depending on the cost of drug and cost of events. Previous analyses in other countries based on the HOPE study obtained ICER values which are comparable with our results, when taking into account the different cost structure of the health care systems. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, the use of @entity3372 is likely to represent an efficient use of public health expenditure in the Italian healthcare system.

title: Cost-effectiveness in Italy of preventive treatment with XXXX in @entity1 at high risk of cardiovascular events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity3372 :: (MESH:D017257,Chemical) :: ['ramipril']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish the point prevalence of @entity48992 ( @entity48992 ) in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). To define associated @entity73 . DESIGN: A consecutive sample of 152 @entity1 with clinically or laboratory definite @entity15 were screened for @entity48992 , defined as sudden, @entity2358 or crying or both, without associated subjective feelings of @entity308 or euphoria. Thereafter, a case-control design was followed with @entity1 with @entity48992 matched to @entity1 with @entity15 without @entity48992 on age, gender, @entity717 (Expanded Disability Status Scale), duration of @entity15 , and premorbid IQ. SETTING: An @entity15 outpatient clinic, the population representative of a large urban catchment area. @entity1 : Fifteen of 152 @entity1 had @entity48992 , 11 of whom (mean [SD] age, 43.7 [8.3] years, 7 @entity1 ) agreed to further testing. Thirteen @entity1 with @entity15 without @entity48992 acted as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurological examination, Pathological Laughter and Crying Scale, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, 28-item General Health Questionnaire, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. RESULTS: The point prevalence of @entity48992 in @entity15 was 10%. @entity1 had a mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 6.5, had had @entity15 for a mean (SD) of 10 (5.8) years, and had entered a chronic-progressive phase of their illness. Pathological laughing and crying was not associated with disease exacerbations. Compared with controls, @entity1 were not more @entity308 or anxious, but had a greater decline in IQ. CONCLUSIONS: Pathological laughing and crying as distinct from @entity2777 affects 1 in 10 @entity1 with @entity15 . It occurs in severely physically disabled @entity1 , generally with long-standing disease. The presence of @entity73 relative to controls implies more extensive brain involvement.

title: Prevalence and neurobehavioral correlates of @entity48992 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'neurological, emotional, and cognitive correlates of PLC']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary displays of laughing']

entities_list: @entity48992 :: ('MESH:D003410', 'Disease') :: ['pathological laughing and crying', 'PLC']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['emotional lability']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study investigated the feasibility of conducting a future Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention for @entity353 and HbA1c reduction in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: The intervention was a small wearable mHealth device used over 12  weeks by overweight @entity1 with @entity6 with the intent to lose weight and reduce their HbA1c level. A 4  week maintenance period using the device followed. The device records physical activity level and information about food consumption, and provides motivational feedback based on energy balance. Twenty-seven @entity1 were randomised to receive no intervention; intervention alone; or intervention plus weekly motivational support. All @entity1 received advice on diet and exercise at the start of the study. Weight and HbA1c levels were recorded at baseline and weeks 6, 12, and 16. Qualitative interviews were conducted with @entity1 who received the intervention to explore their experiences of using the device and involvement in the study including the training received. RESULTS: Overall the device was perceived to be well-liked, acceptable, motivational and easy to use by @entity1 . Some logistical changes were required during the feasibility study, including shortening of the study duration and relaxation of @entity1 inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics of weight and @entity4051 c data showed promising trends of @entity353 and HbA1c reduction in both intervention groups, although this should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS: A number of methodological recommendations for a future RCT emerged from the current feasibility study. The mHealth device was acceptable and promising for helping individuals with @entity6 to reduce their HbA1c and lose weight. Devices with similar features should be tested further in larger studies which follow these methodological recommendations.

title: Feasibility study of portable technology for XXXX and HbA1c control in type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus', 'T2DM']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: The principle of treating stiff @entity1184 nonunions of long bones with distraction using the Ilizarov method permits simultaneous correction of @entity85 , @entity85 , @entity85 , @entity3207 , and, in most instances, infection. Twenty-one @entity1184 nonunions in 19 @entity1 were treated using the Ilizarov apparatus in distraction. Six of these @entity1 had associated @entity6275 . Ilizarov treatment ranged from four to 12 months (mean, 6.5 months). Follow-up time ranged from three to 11 years. Stable union was achieved in all @entity1 . Angular, @entity85 were corrected in all @entity1 ; length discrepancies were corrected in 18 of 21 @entity1 (86%). Infection resolved in five of the six cases (83%) with @entity6275 . The sole complication was axial collapse of regenerate bone (in one @entity1 with subsequent loss of 2 cm of lengthening) after premature removal of the Ilizarov fixator. Distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of stiff @entity1184 nonunions offers the most complete method of providing optimal limb function. The process allows the @entity1 to maintain extremity mobility and weight bearing while undergoing treatment.

title: Distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of stiff XXXX nonunions using the Ilizarov apparatus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['angular deformity', 'axial, and translational deformities', 'translational deformity', 'axial deformity']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic']


abstract: The @entity281 biology of @entity3069 . @entity3068 has recently crystallized, with added details surrounding intestinal invasion. The involvement of pathogen-derived effector proteins such as the major membrane protein, oxidoreductase, and fibronectin attachment proteins have been uncovered. Mutations constructed in this pathogen have also shed light on genes needed for invasion. The host cell types that are susceptible to invasion have been defined, along with their transcriptional response. Recent details have given a new appreciation for the dynamic interplay between the host and bacterium that occurs at the outset of @entity281 . An initial look at the global expression pathways of the host has shown a circumvention of the cell communication pathway by @entity3069 . @entity3068 , which loosens the integrity of the tight junctions. We now know that @entity3069 . @entity3068 activates the epithelial layer and also actively recruits macrophages to the site of @entity281 . These notable findings are summarized along with added mechanistic details of the @entity281 model. We conclude by proposing critical next steps to further elucidate the process of @entity3069 . @entity3068 invasion.

title: No holes barred: invasion of the intestinal mucosa by XXXX subsp. @entity3068 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['early infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['M. avium subsp', 'Mycobacterium avium subsp']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: We examined ocular fixations during line bisection in five @entity1 with left @entity1805 , two @entity1 with @entity1805 , nine @entity1 with left hemi-neglect and nine normal control subjects. Compared with measures in control subjects, the median fixation, and left- and rightmost fixations were shifted contralaterally in @entity1 with @entity1805 alone and ipsilaterally in @entity1 with hemi-neglect. The fixation with the longest duration and the bisection point were also shifted contralaterally with @entity1805 and ipsilaterally with hemi-neglect. However, the number of fixations and the spatial range spanned by fixations did not differ between the groups, showing that ocular exploration was not truncated in any group. Only some @entity1 showed a previously reported directional search bias. Overall, there was no directional bias in saccadic number or amplitude. The distribution of fixations was most dense at the centre of the line in normal subjects, while hemianopic @entity1 fixated most frequently at the ends of lines in their contralateral (blind) hemispace and at a central locus that was biased slightly contralaterally, as was their bisection judgement. This contralateral bias may reflect either an adaptive contralateral attentional gradient or a non-veridical spatial representation within the remaining normal hemifield. Hemi-neglect @entity1 had a broad distribution of fixation peaks in the ipsilateral hemispace. Of two hemi-neglect @entity1 with many fixations, one clustered fixations at a position right of centre, as if a normal fixation pattern was shifted rightward, while the other had two fixation peaks: one to the far right and the other near the centre of the line, reminiscent of the dual peaks of activity seen in some recent hemi-neglect models. These data reveal a heterogeneity in the routes by which right-biased judgements of spatial centre are reached by hemi-neglect @entity1 .

title: Ocular search during line bisection. The effects of hemi-neglect and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['right hemianopia', 'hemianopia']

answer: @entity1805 :: (MESH:D006423,Disease) :: ['hemianopia']


abstract: AIM: We aimed to evaluate if posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) exerts its effects on @entity2182 through changes in @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 who applied to Istanbul Medical Faculty with symptoms of urgency, frequency  urge @entity322 and did not respond to anticholinergic treatment and behavioral modification were enrolled in the study. Weekly PTNS in 30-min sessions for 12 weeks was performed. Urogynecologic symptom assessment, 1-h pad test, bladder diary, King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), and transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography were performed before and after treatment. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 (55.5%) were cured, five (27.8%) improved, and no effect was observed in three (16.7%). No significant change was observed in systolic and diastolic flow rate, pulsatility index, resistive index, systolic/diastolic ratio and average flow rate. Significant decrease in frequency, urgency, urge @entity322 , pad test results and increase in fluid intake was observed. There was a significant improvement in physical limitations and sleeping/energy domains of KHQ. No significant change was observed in urodynamics. CONCLUSIONS: PTNS does not have any effect on the @entity1494 despite positive effects on bladder diary, pad test, and quality of life in @entity2182 .

title: The effects of posterior tibial nerve stimulation on refractory @entity2182 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder circulation']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder syndrome', 'overactive bladder symptoms']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder circulation']


abstract: The effects of @entity281 were investigated at the pituitary level on trypanosome resistant Baoul   bulls (aged 3-6 years), using immunohistochemistry of LH- and FSH-secreting cells and a combined @entity619 and @entity1176 challenge. The pituitaries of two control and five naturally infected Baoul   bulls were removed after slaughter and the LH- and FSH-secreting cells were examined immunohistochemically, using specific polyclonal antibodies against beta LH and beta FSH. No significant @entity73 and distribution of LH- and FSH-secreting cells was seen in infected bulls when compared with control animals. No parasites were found in the pituitary glands. Plasma LH and @entity251 concentrations were determined in eight control and eight infected bulls by enzymeimmunoassay and radioimmunoassay techniques, respectively. Blood samples were collected at intervals of 30 min two times before and nine times after @entity619 treatment (20 mg i.m.). @entity1176 (Busereline: 20 micrograms, i.m.) was injected 4.5 h later and samples were collected every 15 min for 180 min. After @entity619 treatment, LH and @entity251 concentrations declined dramatically in both groups. Four hours after treatment, the mean @entity251 concentration for both groups was 0.44 ng @entity4654 . After @entity1176 injection, LH concentrations in the infected group increased rapidly to a mean maximum value of 30 ng @entity4654 by 165 min. In contrast, the increase in LH concentration in non-infected bulls was more gradual and the mean maximum value, reached at the same time, was only 20 ng @entity4654 . @entity251 concentration increased rapidly and in a similar manner in both groups for the first 90 min (0.08 +/- 0.04 ng @entity4654 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity281 on the pituitary gland of Baoul   bulls: immunohistochemistry of LH- and FSH-secreting cells and response of plasma LH and @entity251 to combined XXXX and @entity1176 treatment.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the labelling']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Trypanosoma congolense infection']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: During @entity298 ( @entity298 ), the peritoneum is exposed to bioincompatible dialysis fluids, which causes progressive @entity82 and angiogenesis and, ultimately, ultrafiltration failure. In addition, repeated episodes of @entity298 or @entity18767 may accelerate all these processes. @entity82 has been classically considered the main cause of peritoneal membrane functional decline. However, in parallel with @entity82 , the peritoneum also displays increases in capillary number (angiogenesis) and @entity455 in response to @entity298 . Nowadays, there is emerging evidence pointing to peritoneal microvasculature as the main factor responsible for increased solute transport and ultrafiltration failure. However, the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) involved in starting and maintaining peritoneal @entity82 and angiogenesis remain(s) elusive. Peritoneal stromal fibroblasts have been considered (for many years) the cell type mainly involved in structural and functional alterations of the peritoneum; whereas mesothelial cells have been considered mere victims of @entity6378 caused by @entity298 . Recently, ex vivo cultures of effluent-derived mesothelial cells, in conjunction with immunohistochemical analysis of peritoneal biopsies from @entity298 @entity1 , have identified mesothelial cells as culprits, at least in part, in peritoneal membrane deterioration. This review discusses recent findings that suggest new peritoneal myofibroblastic cells may arise from local conversion of mesothelial cells by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during the repair responses that take place in @entity298 . The transdifferentiated mesothelial cells may retain a permanent mesenchymal state, as long as initiating stimuli persist, and contribute to @entity298 -induced @entity82 and angiogenesis, and hence to @entity177 . Future therapeutic interventions could be designated in order to prevent or reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells, or its pernicious effects.

title: Ex vivo analysis of dialysis effluent-derived mesothelial cells as an approach to unveiling the mechanism of peritoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal injury']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['membrane failure']

entities_list: @entity18767 :: ('MESH:D006465', 'Disease') :: ['hemoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['membrane failure']


abstract: In an attempt to show maturational alterations in the calcified cartilage, mandibular condyles of four growing and four adult male monkeys ( @entity5434 ) were studied using light microscopy as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. All specimens were initially fixed by perfusion in the presence of @entity3739 red. For examination of the hard tissue surfaces in the scanning electron microscope, uncalcified tissues were removed with @entity8830 . In growing animals, almost the entire hard tissue surface in the joint region of the condyle was formed by calcified cartilage, while in adult animals, calcified cartilage was confined to load-bearing regions. In growing animals, the appearance of the calcified cartilage surface suggested a continuously advancing mineralizing front similar to that seen in the epiphyseal plate. Chondrocytes mostly exhibited a terminal stage of @entity1184 , and seemed to die and get lost through vascular invasion and subsequent endochondral ossification. In adult animals, most of the calcified cartilage surface appeared comparatively stable, and resembled the tidemark of articular cartilage. Chondrocytes were usually small and appeared viable. However, on the adult condyles, there were always circumscribed islands where chondrocytes and the pattern of mineralization resembled those seen in growing animals. In these regions, prominent chondroclastic activity indicated extensive @entity5707 . These observations suggest that at the end of somatic growth, condylar calcified cartilage undergoes considerable maturation from a type reminiscent of hyaline growth cartilage to a type resembling articular cartilage. Concomitantly, chondrocytes appear to change their developmental program, in that they stop enlarging and lose their commitment to @entity204 . However, they may be able to retain, or switch back to, a more immature stage, in case there is need for extensive @entity5707 .

title: Light and electron microscopic morphology of the temporomandibular joint in growing and mature crab-eating monkeys ( XXXX ): the condylar calcified cartilage.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity8830 :: ('MESH:D012973', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hypochlorite']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['articular remodelling']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['Macaca fascicularis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the medium term efficiency of @entity1346 micro-implants injected in @entity1 with @entity1690 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 21 @entity1 with @entity1690 underwent transurethral injection of @entity1346 micro-implants between August 1996 and February 1997. Each @entity1 was assessed preoperatively by questionnaire, physical examination and urodynamic study. The results were evaluated by questionnaire at 1 month, @entity676 years after @entity1346 injection. The outcome was classified as dry in all circumstances, improved or failure. RESULTS: All @entity1 (median age 68 years, range 46 to 83) had undergone previous anti- @entity322 or prolapse surgeries. At 1 month 2 @entity1 (10%) were dry and 9 (42%) were improved, and treatment failed in 10 (48%). At 1 year (median 16 months, range 14 to 22) 2 cases (10%) were classified as dry, 8 (38%) improved and 11 (52%) failures. At last followup (median 31 months, range 24 to 34) 4 cases (19%) were classified as dry, 6 (29%) improved and 11 (52%) failures. None of the 6 @entity1 with @entity1494 was dry. CONCLUSIONS: Our results of @entity1346 transurethral injection are disappointing but comparable to other bulking agents without a time dependent decrease in efficiency. The use of @entity1346 micro-implants is an alternative for the treatment of @entity1690 in @entity1 without @entity1494 and in whom the sling procedure has failed.

title: Results of transurethral injection of XXXX micro-implants for females with @entity1690 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency and spectrum of @entity876 gene mutations in @entity7145 and to compare clinical and pathologic features in @entity1 with @entity876 mutant and nonmutant @entity5 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The @entity876 gene is commonly mutated in @entity1 @entity5 , and a @entity876 mutation is reported to be present in more than 50% of esophageal @entity420 . Although many studies have investigated the frequency of @entity876 protein overexpression in @entity420 of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction, few studies have assessed the frequency and clinical significance of @entity876 mutations in these @entity5 . In particular, the prognostic importance of @entity876 mutation is uncertain. @entity420 of the esophagus and @entity418 share many epidemiologic and pathologic features, but it is controversial whether they represent the same @entity5 . A comparison of the frequency and spectrum of mutations in @entity7145 would test whether these @entity5 are also similar at the molecular level. METHODS: DNA was isolated from microdissected paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissues of @entity1 who underwent esophagogastrectomy for @entity7145 (n = 19), @entity418 (esophagogastric junction, n = 12), or subcardia (n = 6). Exons 5 to 8 of the @entity876 gene were analyzed for the presence of mutations using the polymerase chain reaction with single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing of bands showing abnormal mobility. The presence of mutation was confirmed by selective hybridization of a mutant-specific oligonucleotide to DNA isolated from the @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity876 mutations were identified in 18 of 37 (48.6%) @entity5 . @entity1 with @entity876 mutant @entity5 were significantly younger and had a significantly poorer prognosis. There was a similar prevalence of @entity876 mutations in @entity420 of the esophagus (53%) and @entity418 (58%). In contrast, mutations were relatively uncommon in @entity420 (one mutant @entity5 [17%]). The types of mutations found in the esophageal and the @entity5 were also similar. CONCLUSIONS: @entity420 of the esophagus and @entity418 have a similar frequency and spectrum of @entity876 gene mutations, suggesting that these @entity5 have a common pathogenesis. @entity1 with mutations are younger, have signs of more @entity1442 , and have a poorer prognosis than @entity1 without mutations.

title: Clinical significance of XXXX mutations in @entity7145 and @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cardia cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinomas', 'subcardia adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus', 'adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and cardia']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: AIMS: Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) is an effective treatment for @entity956 ( @entity956 ). However, RF may injure cardiac structures such as the atrio-ventricular node or the right coronary artery and is usually @entity158 . This prospective, randomized study compares cryoablation (Cryo) with RF ablation regarding efficacy, safety, and perceived @entity158 . METHODS AND RESULTS: One-hundred and fifty-three @entity1 (78 Cryo; 75 RF) with CTI-dependent @entity956 --median age 65 years (range 34-82), 140 @entity1 (91%)--were randomized to Cryo or RF. Primary endpoint was demonstration of long-term efficacy defined as no symptomatic recurrence of @entity956 at the 6-month follow-up. Radiofrequency ablation was performed with a 3.5 mm open-irrigated-tip catheter and Cryo with a 9 F, 8 mm tip catheter. Ablation endpoint was bidirectional CTI block. @entity158 was evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0-10). The acute success rate was 92% for Cryo and 95% for RF (P = 0.58). Procedural time was longer in the Cryo group (152    54 min) than the RF group (116    41 min) (P < 0.001). Cryoablation was considerably less @entity158 compared with RF (mean VAS-Cryo 0.7    1.2 vs. VAS-RF 4.6    2.0; P < 0.001). Success rate at 6-month follow-up was 93% (73 of 78) for Cryo and 97% (73 of 75) for RF (P = 0.86). No major adverse events occurred in any group. CONCLUSION: Cryoablation of isthmus-dependent @entity956 is not inferior to RF but with significantly less procedure-related @entity158 .

title: Cryothermal vs. radiofrequency ablation as XXXX therapy: a randomized comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: The @entity3911 lipophosphoglycan conveys the ability for the parasites to avoid destruction in diverse host environments. During its life cycle within the sand @entity238 vector, the parasite differentiates from a dividing procyclic promastigote stage that avoids expulsion from the midgut by attaching to the gut wall, to a nondividing metacyclic promastigote stage that is unable to attach to the midgut and migrates to the mouth parts for reinfection of a @entity1 host. Lipophosphoglycan plays an integral role during this transition. Structurally, lipophosphoglycan is a multidomain glycoconjugate whose polymorphisms among species lie in the backbone Gal(beta 1,4) @entity1 (alpha 1)-PO(4) repeating units and the oligosaccharide cap. We have characterized the lipophosphoglycan from an Indian @entity3911 isolate. Unlike East African isolates, which express unsubstituted repeats and a @entity3649 - and @entity3913 -terminating cap, procyclic lipophosphoglycan from the Indian isolate consists of beta1,3-linked @entity413 residues that branch off the backbone repeats (n approximately 17) and also terminate the cap. Of biological significance, metacyclic lipophosphoglycan lacks the @entity413 residues while doubling the number of repeats. The importance of these developmental modifications in lipophosphoglycan structure was determined using binding experiments to Phlebotomus argentipes midguts. Procyclic promastigotes and procyclic @entity6289 were able to bind to sand @entity238 midguts in vitro whereas metacyclic parasites and @entity6289 lost this capacity. These results demonstrate that the @entity3911 adapts the synthesis of terminally exposed @entity3363 of its @entity6289 to manipulate parasite-sand @entity238 interactions.

title: Intra-species and stage-specific polymorphisms in lipophosphoglycan structure control @entity3911 -sand XXXX interactions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity3911 :: ('5661', 'Species') :: ['L. donovani', 'Leishmania']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: AIM: To characterise the cag pathogenicity island in @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) isolates by analysing the strains' vacA alleles and @entity868 susceptibilities in light of @entity1 ethnicity and clinical outcome. METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1534 clinical isolates obtained from @entity1 with @entity2210 living in Malaysia were analysed in this study. Six genes in the cagPAI region (cagE, cagM, cagT, cag13, cag10 and cag67) and vacA alleles of the @entity1534 isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction. The isolates' @entity868 susceptibility was also determined using the E-test method, and the resistant gene was characterised by sequencing. RESULTS: More than 90% of the tested isolates had at least one gene in the cagPAI region, and cag67 was predominantly detected in the strains isolated from the Chinese @entity1 , compared with the Malay and Indian @entity1 (P < 0.0001). The majority of the isolates (88%) exhibited partial deletion (rearrangement) in the cagPAI region, with nineteen different patterns observed. Strains with intact or deleted cagPAI regions were detected in 3.2% and 8.4% of isolates, respectively. The prevalence of vacA s1m1 was significantly higher in the Malay and Indian isolates, whereas the isolates from the Chinese @entity1 were predominantly genotyped as vacA s1m2 (P = 0.018). Additionally, the isolates from the Chinese @entity1 were more sensitive to @entity868 than the isolates from the Malay and Indian @entity1 (P = 0.047). Although we attempted to relate the cagPAI genotypes, vacA alleles and @entity868 susceptibilities to disease outcome, no association was observed. The vacA alleles were distributed evenly among the strains with intact, partially deleted or deleted cagPAI regions. Interestingly, the strains exhibiting an intact cagPAI region were sensitive to @entity868 , whereas the strains with a deleted cagPAI were more resistant. CONCLUSION: Successful colonisation by different @entity1534 genotypes is dependent on the host's genetic makeup and may play an important role in the clinical outcome.

title: Ethnicity association of @entity1534 virulence genotype and XXXX susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['metronidazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the easy bolus insulin calculation card (ezy-BICC) approach to multiple daily injections and to compare in an observational study, the haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) achieved while using ezy-BICC, mixed insulin injections and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). METHODS: @entity4051 c results from 7121 clinic visits by 573 @entity1 aged 1-20 yr using the three methods between June 2000 and July 2008 were reviewed. RESULTS: For mixed insulin median, mean and SD @entity4051 c were 8.3%, 8.3%, 1.33, for ezy-BICC, 7.6%, 7.7%, 1.40, and for CSII, 7.6%, 7.8%, 1.31. HbA1c increases with age significantly more in those using CSII (p < 0.001). By regression, compared with mixed insulin @entity4051 c is 0.7% lower using ezy-BICC (p < 0.018) and 1.5% lower using CSII (p < 0.001). For @entity1 using CSII compared with <6 yr, those 6-12 yr have HbA1c 0.7% higher (p < 0.001), 12-15 yr 1.0% higher (p < 0.001) and 15-20 yr 1.2% higher (p < 0.001). For subjects >12 yr, HbA1c is lower while using ezy-BICC than CSII. @entity4051 c increases 0.2% per yr following diagnosis for 2.8 yr. In those who change from mixed insulin to ezy-BICC after this time, the mean @entity4051 c is 0.5% lower by 9 months, 0.7% lower at 21 months and 0.6% lower at 24 months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The ezy-BICC system is inexpensive and convenient and allows @entity1 to vary meal size. Subjects achieve lower HbA1c while using CSII and ezy-BICC @entity13521 than with mixed insulin. Very young subjects achieve excellent HbA1c using CSII, but for 12 to 20 yr-old @entity1 , ezy-BICC results in lower HbA1c than CSII for a lower cost.

title: Multiple daily injections in young XXXX using the ezy-BICC bolus insulin calculation card, compared to mixed insulin and CSII.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether an exercise program, commencing 4-6 weeks post-operatively, reduces @entity3140 in @entity1 treated for early @entity0 . @entity1 (n = 160) were randomized to either an 8-week exercise program (n = 81) or to a control group (n = 79) following stratification for axillary surgery. The exercise program comprised a weekly session and home program of passive stretching and progressive resistance training for shoulder muscles. The control group attended fortnightly assessments but no exercises were provided. The primary outcome was self-reported arm symptoms derived from the EORTC @entity0 -specific questionnaire (BR23), scored out of 100 with a low score indicative of fewer symptoms. The secondary outcomes included physical measures of shoulder range of motion, strength, and swelling (i.e., @entity4269 ). @entity1 were assessed immediately following the intervention and at 6 months post-intervention. The change in symptoms from baseline was not significantly different between groups immediately following the intervention or at 6 m post-intervention. The between group difference immediately following the intervention was 4 (95% CI -1 to 9) and 6 months post-intervention was 4 (-2 to 10). However, the change in range of motion for flexion and abduction was significantly greater in the exercise group immediately following the intervention, as was change in shoulder abductor strength. In conclusion, a supervised exercise program provided some, albeit small, additional benefit at 6 months post-intervention to @entity1 who had been provided with written information and reminders to use their arm. Both the groups reported few impairments including swelling immediately following the intervention and 6 months post-intervention. Notably, resistance training in the post-operative period did not precipitate @entity4269 .

title: Upper limb progressive resistance training and stretching exercises following surgery for early XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb impairments']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Venous compliance in the @entity291 of @entity1 and its importance for capacitance function in relation to age were studied with the aid of 22, 44, and 59 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Negative pressure transmission to the @entity291 as well as changes in @entity291 volume were studied, and venous compliance was calculated [change in volume with pressure change (dV/dP)]. The change in capacitance response of the @entity291 with age (20-70 yr) was evaluated during LBNP 44 mmHg. Transmission of negative pressure to the subcutaneous tissue was almost full without any changes with age (92%). However, it was reduced to 80% in the underlying muscle tissue, irrespective of depth. Venous compliance in the young was 0.051 ml . 100 ml-1 . mmHg-1 and was reduced by 45% to 0.029 ml . 100 ml-1 . mmHg-1 in the old (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the capacitance response was reduced by 0.015 ml . 100 ml-1 . yr-1 (P < 0.005). Furthermore, the hemodynamic response to @entity3485 circulatory stress was attenuated with age. The reduced pressure transmission in muscle tissue is probably due to restriction of the @entity121 envelope. The reduced venous compliance with age and the concomitant reduction in capacitance response during LBNP have implications for both the sympathetic reflex responses as well as the capacitance response during acute @entity3485 circulatory stress, which might be defected in aging @entity1 .

title: Reduced venous compliance in lower limbs of aging XXXX and its importance for capacitance function.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fascia']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Japan, @entity2857 is now the first-line therapy for individuals with @entity157 ( @entity157 ), but no other treatment is available for such @entity1 . The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with systemic continuous intravenous infusion of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and subcutaneous peginterferon alfa-2a, which was used before @entity2857 was introduced to Japan. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-three @entity157 @entity1 , who were not amenable to curative surgery, percutaneous ablation, or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and for whom intraarterial chemotherapy was not indicated because of the presence of extrahepatic @entity3 or stenosis of the common hepatic artery, received peginterferon alfa-2a (90  g subcutaneously on days 1, 8, 15, and 22) and @entity1487 (500 mg/day intravenously given continuously on days 1-5 and 8-12). We assessed their response to treatment and survival, and treatment safety. RESULTS: The response rate was 9.4 % (including six @entity1 with complete response) and the disease-control rate was 32.7 %. The median time to progression was 2.0 months. The overall median survival time was 6.5 months ( @entity1 -Pugh class A: 9.2 months vs. @entity1 -Pugh class B: 2.8 months). In a multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status >0, @entity1 -Pugh class B, and the presence of macroscopic vascular invasion were independent predictors of poor prognosis. The major grade 3-4 adverse events were @entity1210 (13.9 %) and @entity882 (5.8 %). No treatment-related @entity204 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This combination therapy was well tolerated and showed promising efficacy. Further studies are needed to establish the usefulness of this treatment.

title: Systemic combination therapy of intravenous continuous @entity1487 and subcutaneous pegylated interferon alfa-2a for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2791 is a problem with no consensus on diagnosis or therapy. The consequences of renal @entity63 are neuroendocrine activation, @entity101 , and @entity177 that can potentially result in acceleration of @entity731 , further @entity8 , @entity583 , @entity712 , @entity64 , and @entity204 . Whether revascularization improves clinical outcomes when compared with optimum medical therapy is unknown. METHODS: CORAL is a randomized clinical trial contrasting optimum medical therapy alone to stenting with optimum medical therapy on a composite cardiovascular and renal end point: cardiovascular or @entity8 , @entity583 , hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity64 , doubling of serum @entity1011 , and need for renal replacement therapy. The secondary end points evaluate the effectiveness of revascularization in important subgroups of @entity1 and with respect to all-cause mortality, kidney function, renal artery patency, microvascular renal function, and blood pressure control. We will also correlate @entity850 severity with @entity177 and determine the value of stenting from the perspectives of quality of life and cost-effectiveness. The primary entry criteria are (1) an @entity731 of > or = 60% with a 20 mm Hg systolic pressure gradient or > or = 80% with no gradient necessary and (2) @entity101 of > or = 155 mm Hg on > or = 2 antihypertensive medications. Randomization will occur in 1080 subjects. The study has 90% power to detect a 28% reduction in primary end point hazard rate. CONCLUSIONS: CORAL represents a unique opportunity to determine the incremental value of stent revascularization, in addition to optimal medical therapy, for the treatment of @entity2791 .

title: Stent revascularization for the prevention of cardiovascular and renal events among @entity1 with XXXX and @entity101 : rationale and design of the CORAL trial.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal death', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'systolic hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis', 'atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency', 'longitudinal renal function']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic renal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['renal artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: An independent role of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) in the development of @entity65 has been suggested, probably mediated through increased levels of prothrombotic factors. We therefore aimed at studying whether @entity1561 is linked to a prothrombotic state, independently of metabolic risk factors in a large single-centre cohort of overweighed/ @entity28 @entity1 . @entity1 presenting to the @entity28 clinic underwent a detailed metabolic and liver assessment including an extensive panel of coagulation factors. If @entity1561 was suspected, a liver biopsy was proposed. RESULTS: A series of 273 consecutive @entity1 (65% female) with a liver biopsy were included (age 44  0.76 years, body mass index 39.6  0.40 kg/m(2) ). Increase in @entity2002 , factor VIII and @entity2880 factor and decrease in antithrombin III correlated with metabolic features but not with liver histology. Levels of @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) increased significantly with increasing severity of @entity32 (p<;0.001), ballooning (p=0.002) and @entity82 (p=0.001). @entity1 with @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) had significantly higher @entity2289 values than those with normal liver (p<0.001). In multiple regression including anthropometric and metabolic parameters, @entity1560 remained an independent predictor of @entity2289 levels, explaining together with fasting C-peptide and waist circumference 21% of the variance in @entity2289 . No consistent correlations with histology were found for the other coagulation factors. CONCLUSION: In @entity28 , @entity1561 severity independently contributes to the increase in @entity2289 levels, whereas other coagulation factors are unaltered. This finding might in part explain the increased cardiovascular risk associated with @entity1561 . (HEPATOLOGY 2013.).

title: Prothrombotic factors in histologically proven XXXX and @entity7936 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis (<0.001), lobular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['NAFLD']


abstract: There are two types of radiation health effect; @entity74 . @entity697 is a deterministic effect that the symptoms appear by exposure above a threshold. Tissues and cells that compose the @entity1 body have different radiation sensitivity respectively, and the symptoms appear in order, from highly radiosensitive tissues. The clinical symptoms of @entity697 begin with a decrease in lymphocytes, and then the symptoms appear such as @entity1665 , skin erythema, @entity16 , @entity16 with increasing radiation dose. Regarding the late on-set disorder, a predominant health effect is the @entity5 among the symptoms of such as @entity5 and genetic effect. @entity5 and genetic effect are recognized as stochastic effects without the threshold. When radiation dose is equal to or more than 100 @entity2073 , it is observed that the @entity5 risk by radiation exposure increases linearly with an increase in dose. On the other hand, the risk of developing @entity5 through low-dose radiation exposure, less 100 @entity2073 , has not yet been clarified scientifically. Although uncertainty still remains regarding low level risk estimation, ICRP propound LNT model and conduct radiation protection in accordance with LNT model in the low-dose and low-dose rate radiation from a position of radiation protection. Meanwhile, the mechanism of radiation damage has been gradually clarified. The initial event of radiation-induced diseases is thought to be the damage to genome such as radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Recently, it is clarified that our cells could recognize genome damage and induce the diverse cell response to maintain genome integrity. This phenomenon is called DNA damage response which induces the cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, cell senescence and so on. These responses act in the direction to maintain genome integrity against genome damage, however, the death of large number of cells results in @entity697 , and then DNA mis-repair and mutation is speculated to cause @entity5 . The extent to which this kind of cellular response could reduce the low-dose radiation risk is a major challenge for future research.

title: [Effects of radiation exposure on XXXX body].

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disorder', 'Acute disorder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer, non-cancer disease', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal damage, central nervous system damage', 'hematopoietic damage']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['acute disorder and late on-set disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The present study examined age-related differences in multisensory integration and the role of attention in age-related differences in multisensory integration. The sound-induced @entity10582 --the misperception of the number of @entity227 due to the simultaneous presentation of a different number of auditory beeps--was used to examine the strength of multisensory integration in older and younger observers. The effects of integration were examined when discriminating 1-3 flashes, 1-3 beeps, or 1-3 flashes presented with 1-3 beeps. Stimulus conditions were blocked according to these conditions with baseline (unisensory) performance assessed during the @entity616 . Older @entity1 demonstrated greater multisensory integration--a greater influence of the beeps when judging the number of @entity227 --than younger observers. In a second experiment, the role of attention was assessed using a go/no-go paradigm. The results of Experiment 2 replicated those of Experiment 1. In addition, the strength of the illusion was modulated by the sensory domain of the go/no-go task, though this did not differ by age group. In the visual go/no-go task we found a decrease in the illusion, yet in the auditory go/no-go task we found an increase in the illusion. These results demonstrate that older individuals exhibit increased multisensory integration compared with younger individuals. Attention was also found to modulate the strength of the sound-induced @entity10582 . However, the results also suggest that attention was not likely to be a factor in the age-related differences in multisensory integration.

title: Multisensory integration, aging, and the sound-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual flashes']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['multisensory block']

entities_list: @entity10582 :: ('MESH:D007088', 'Disease') :: ['flash illusion']

answer: @entity10582 :: (MESH:D007088,Disease) :: ['flash illusion']


abstract: @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) have been reported to be an independent risk factor for @entity64 and @entity63 ( @entity63 ). We examined the relationship between @entity7303 in the internal carotid artery and the occurrence of @entity385 in @entity1 with @entity63 . A total of 67 @entity1 who had a @entity63 were examined with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to detect @entity3538 1, 3, and 7 days after admission, and 3 months after discharge. The relationship between the presence of @entity7303 and the subsequent occurrence of @entity385 was the primary outcome of interest. 35.8% (24/67) of @entity1 were @entity7303 (+). During follow-up, @entity385 occurred significantly more frequently in @entity1 who were @entity7303 (+) compared with @entity1 who were @entity7303 (-) (6/24; 25.0% versus 2/43; 4.7%, p=0.021), as did @entity63 (11/24; 45.8% versus 4/43; 9.3%). @entity7303 (+) status was significantly associated with the occurrence of @entity385 after adjusting for age, sex, @entity101 , @entity6 , and drug therapy (odds ratio: 8.30; 95% confidence interval: 1.37-50.42; p=0.021). The positive and negative predictive values of @entity7303 status for predicting @entity385 were 25.0% and 95.4%, respectively. The presence of @entity3538 appears to be an important risk factor for the occurrence of @entity385 after @entity63 . The @entity7303 (+) rate in @entity1 with @entity63 with severe @entity543 is markedly higher than in @entity1 without @entity543 .

title: Relationship between XXXX and the occurrence of @entity385 after @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['Microembolic signals', 'MES']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['microemboli in the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['internal carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity3538 :: (MESH:D002341,Disease) :: ['microemboli in the internal carotid artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ) may suffer from concomitant @entity158 symptoms. The aim of this study is to determine whether the presence of @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) influences quality of life when taking into account baseline @entity308 severity. METHODS: @entity1 with a new or first episode of @entity308 (n = 909) were enrolled in a 3-month prospective observational study in East Asia. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression-Severity score, Somatic Symptom Inventory, and EuroQoL questionnaire-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and EQ-Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) were assessed at baseline and 3 months' follow-up. The presence of @entity2531 was defined as a mean score of >= 2 on the Somatic Symptom Inventory @entity158 -related items. Regression analyses determined predictors of quality of life at 3 months, adjusting for age, sex, @entity308 , overall severity, and quality of life at baseline. RESULTS: @entity2531 were present ( @entity2531 +) at baseline in 52% of @entity1 . During the 3-month follow-up, EQ-VAS scores improved from 47.7 (standard deviation [SD] 20.6) to 72.5 (SD 20.4), and EQ-5D improved from 0.48 (SD 0.34) to 0.80 (SD 0.26). At 3 months, mean EQ-VAS was 66.4 (SD 21.2) for baseline @entity2531 + @entity1 versus 78.5 (SD 17.6) for baseline @entity2531 - @entity1 , and mean EQ-5D was 0.71 (SD 0.29) versus 0.89 (SD 0.18). @entity2531 + at baseline was a significant predictor of quality of life at 3 months after adjusting for sociodemographic and baseline clinical variables. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity2531 is associated with less improvement in quality of life in @entity1 receiving treatment for @entity308 , even when adjusting for @entity308 severity.

title: Do concomitant @entity158 symptoms in XXXX with @entity308 affect quality of life even when taking into account baseline @entity308 severity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['PPS', 'painful physical symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The expression of mRNAs encoding subunits of the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor was examined in cortical neurons maintained in primary culture. Cultures were prepared from embryonic day 17 @entity35 neocortex. At this developmental age, levels of @entity4474 , @entity4476 , @entity4319 , and @entity4477 mRNA were low or undetectable. Expression of @entity4474 mRNA increased progressively between days 1 and 21 in vitro. The amount of @entity4476 mRNA did not change between days 1 and 7 but increased between days 7 and 21. In contrast, levels of @entity4319 mRNA increased between days 1 and 7, with little further change after day 7. The level of @entity4319 mRNA was approximately 4-fold higher than that of @entity4476 mRNA in 21-day cultures. Using ligand binding assays, the proportion of @entity143 receptors having a low affinity for @entity4320 was also found to increase over time in culture. The increase in the expression of receptors having a low affinity for @entity4320 and the increase in @entity4474 and @entity4476 mRNAs were reduced or prevented by maintaining cells in medium with a low concentration of serum. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that inclusion of the @entity4476 subunit in native @entity143 receptors is responsible for their low affinity for @entity4320 . Splice variants of @entity4474 lacking the 5' ( @entity1472 -terminal) insert were found to be the predominant forms of @entity4474 in cultured neurons. Variants containing the 5' insert represented only a small (< or = 5%) fraction of total @entity4474 mRNA, and their proportion was not altered as a function of time in culture. Time-dependent changes in the properties of @entity143 receptors and in the expression of subunit mRNA occurring in cultured neurons are similar to changes observed in developing @entity35 brain. Thus, the developmental sequence of @entity143 receptor expression that occurs in vivo is partially retained in neurons maintained in vitro.

title: Expression of mRNAs encoding subunits of the XXXX receptor in cultured cortical neurons.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4320 :: ('MESH:C010739', 'Chemical') :: ['ifenprodil']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Craniomaxillofacial @entity130 is associated with severe @entity130 and disability. There are no recent reports analyzing the demographics of facial @entity130 in elderly @entity1 . Our objective was to review the demographics, outcomes, and risk factors associated with @entity204 in elderly @entity1 with @entity174 in a single-institution level I @entity130 center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center @entity130 Registry from January 1999 to December 2008 in an institutional review board-approved protocol. The search query included all types of craniofacial @entity130 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision coding. A    test was used for analyzing categorical data. Continuous data were analyzed using unpaired t-test or analysis of variance. Logistic regressions were done to determine odds ratio (OR) for @entity204 . P = 0.05 was deemed significant. RESULTS: A total of 16,528 @entity1 with facial @entity130 were identified. Of these, 4536 @entity1 had falls. Among the falls, 1020 @entity1 had @entity174 . Finally, 460 @entity1 were younger than 65 years, and 560 were older than 65 years. The variable with the highest odds for mortality in @entity1 with @entity174 was intensive care unit admission (OR, 13.1), followed by @entity810 (OR, 10.3), medical history of @entity583 (OR, 5.1), @entity1003 (OR, 4.78), age older than 65 years (OR, 4.13), @entity1576 (OR, 3.55), Abbreviated Injury Scale score greater than 3 at the head (OR, 3.5), @entity712 (OR, 2.64), history of cardiac surgery (OR, 2.4), and @entity174 (OR, 2.35). CONCLUSIONS: Craniofacial @entity130 is a serious condition in the elderly. Associated @entity130 are demonstrated to have a deleterious effect on survival. Recognition of these risk factors is likely to promote the development of preventive measurements to decrease fatal outcomes.

title: Risk factors for @entity204 in elderly XXXX with @entity174 secondary to falls.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vault skull fracture', 'facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity358 and fibrinolysis in @entity370 are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. OBJECTIVE: We previously showed that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) D dimer directly correlated with various measures of severity in @entity370 . Here, we analyze our observation that BALF D dimer was more frequently found at higher levels in African-American @entity1 with @entity10070 . METHODS: BALF D dimer was measured in 55 subjects with @entity10070 and 31 healthy volunteers by enzyme immunoassay. The healthy group established a normal range of BALF D dimer with 71 ng/ml as the highest measured level. This was the cut point for comparisons among the @entity1 with @entity370 . RESULTS: High BALF D dimer levels (>71 ng/ml) were found in younger @entity1 with @entity370 and were associated with a significantly lower percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s and greater numbers of BAL lymphocytes. Black @entity1 with @entity370 had higher BALF D dimer levels (median 131, range 0-2,040 ng/ml) than white @entity1 (median 18, range 0-605 ng/ml; p = 0.011). Higher than normal BALF D dimer levels were found in 61% of the black subjects with @entity370 , but in only 20% of the white individuals (chi(2) = 5.539, p = 0.019). BALF D dimer was the only disease measure that discriminated black from white individuals with @entity370 . CONCLUSION: BALF D dimer is an indicator of lung fibrin formation and degradation in @entity370 . The relationship of high D dimer levels with greater BAL lymphocytosis and worse lung function may be a marker of active @entity370 , especially in African-Americans who tend to suffer a more serious form of the disease.

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid D dimer levels are higher and more prevalent in black XXXX with @entity10070 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities of lung coagulation']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity73 is frequent in @entity66 but often remains undetected. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( @entity15818 ) has been proposed in this context. Our aim was to evaluate the @entity15818 and its subtests in @entity66 . METHODS: We assessed 386 consecutive @entity1 with @entity64 (National Institutes of Health @entity64 Score <4) or transient @entity63 attack at 3 months. The @entity15818 and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were administered. Computed tomography (CT) scans were assessed for @entity64 and white matter changes. An unfavorable functional outcome was defined as mRS >1. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity73 (cutoff of 26) was 55% using the @entity15818 and 13% using the MMSE. In a multivariate analysis, @entity15818 <26 was associated with the outcome (OR 3.00, CI 1.78-5.03), as were remote @entity64 on CT and white matter changes of at least moderate severity. Five subtests (5-word recall, word list generation, trail-making, abstract reasoning and cube copy) formed an optimal short @entity15818 with 6/10 or less showing a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 83%. CONCLUSION: This study extends the utility of the @entity15818 to milder forms of @entity66 . The @entity15818 is associated with the 3-month functional outcome. Five subtests may constitute an optimal brief tool in vascular @entity73 .

title: Vascular @entity73 : most useful subtests of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in @entity64 and transient XXXX attack.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke', 'minor stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Thirty-nine @entity1 underwent primary surgery for epithelial @entity43 of low malignant potential at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1970 and 1980. Eighty-five percent of @entity1 were found to have Stage I disease and 15% were found to have @entity5 . Fifty-four percent of @entity1 had a @entity5 with serous histology, 39% had a @entity5 with mucinous histology, and the remainder of @entity1 had @entity5 with an endometrioid or mixed-cell type. Second @entity43 were frequently found concomitantly with the borderline @entity5 or in follow-up. Gastrointestinal and @entity1204 were the most common second @entity5 and were frequently found associated with a borderline @entity5 of serous histology. Follow-up was available in all 39 @entity1 (100%). Mean time of follow-up was 11.8 years. Sixty-nine percent of @entity1 are clinically without evidence of disease with a mean follow-up of 14.7 years, 23% died of other causes, 5% died of disease, and 3% died with disease and @entity295 . All @entity1 dying with disease did so within 7.3 years of their primary surgery. Seven @entity1 underwent conservative surgery, defined as preservation of some ovarian tissue. Six of 7 @entity1 are clinically free of disease with a mean follow-up of 14.6 years; 1 @entity1 died of other causes. No @entity1 treated conservatively had a recurrence of their disease.

title: XXXX of borderline @entity5 : long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'malignancies and benign ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage III disease', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Epithelial ovarian tumors']


abstract: Neuropeptides play an important role in the active communication between the nervous and immune systems. Substance @entity10133 ) is a prominent neuropeptide involved in @entity13624 and has been reported to exert various proinflammatory actions on inflammatory leukocytes including neutrophils. The present study further investigated the modulatory effect of SP (1 muM) on chemokine production and chemokine receptor expression in primary @entity19 neutrophils. Our results showed that SP primed neutrophils for chemotactic responses not only to the CXC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2/ @entity9701 but also to the CC chemokine @entity12427 / @entity12427 . The activating effect of SP on neutrophils was further evidenced by upregulation of the @entity3804 integrin, the activation marker of neutrophils. SP induced both the mRNA and protein expression of the chemokines @entity12427 / @entity12427 and @entity9701 / @entity9701 in neutrophils and upregulated the chemokine receptors @entity25880 and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)-2. This stimulatory effect on chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in neutrophils was further found to be @entity13306 ( @entity13306 ) specific. Pretreatment with selective @entity13306 antagonists inhibited SP-triggered activation of neutrophils and chemokine and chemokine receptor upregulation. Moreover, SP-induced chemokine upregulation was @entity1991 dependent. SP time dependently induced @entity1991 @entity1992 binding activity, @entity1993 degradation, and @entity1991 @entity1992 nuclear translocation in neutrophils. Inhibition of @entity1991 activation with its inhibitor @entity30462 (10 muM) abolished SP-induced @entity1991 binding activity and upregulation of @entity12427 / @entity12427 and @entity9701 / @entity9701 in neutrophils. Together, these results suggest that SP exerts a direct stimulatory effect on the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in @entity19 neutrophils. The effect is @entity13306 mediated, involving @entity1991 activation.

title: Neuropeptide substance P upregulates chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in primary XXXX neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Inappropriate surface expression of voltage-gated @entity141 channels ( @entity3895 ) in pancreatic   -cells may contribute to the development of @entity164 2 @entity6 . First, failure to increase intracellular @entity141 concentrations at the sites of exocytosis impedes insulin release. Furthermore, excessive @entity141 influx may trigger cytotoxic effects. The regulation of surface expression of @entity3895 channels in the pancreatic b-cells remains unknown. Here, we used real-time 3D confocal and TIRFM imaging, immunocytochemistry, cellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation and electrophysiology to study trafficking of L- @entity164 @entity18128 channels upon b-cell stimulation. We found decreased surface expression of @entity18128 and a corresponding reduction in L- @entity164 whole-cell @entity141 currents in insulin-secreting @entity4009 832/13 cells upon protracted (15-30 min) stimulation. This internalization occurs by clathrin-dependent endocytosis and could be prevented by microtubule or dynamin inhibitors. @entity51539 ( @entity51539 ) is part of the protein translation initiation complex, but its effect on translation are modest and effects in ion channel trafficking have been suggested. The factor interacted with @entity18128 and regulated @entity18128 traffic bidirectionally. @entity51539 silencing impaired @entity18128 internalization, which resulted in an increased intracellular @entity141 load upon stimulation. These findings provide a mechanism for regulation of L- @entity164 @entity3895 channel surface expression with consequences for b-cell @entity460 homeostasis, which will affect pancreatic b-cell function and insulin production.

title: @entity51539 controls intracellular @entity460 homeostasis by regulation of XXXX surface expression.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity51539 :: ('3646', 'Gene') :: ['eIF3e', 'Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E']

answer: @entity18128 :: (775,Gene) :: ['cav1.2']


abstract: Induction of maturation in @entity6007 cells is accompanied by a programmed cessation in cell proliferation and a concomitant increase in hemoglobin production. To investigate the role of protein kinase activity in the initiation of @entity6007 cell differentiation, autoradiographs of one-dimensional, nondenaturing gels were prepared from @entity6007 cells either untreated or preincubated with @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) or @entity7091 for a 30-min period. Extracts were treated with @entity268 or @entity6708 prior to electrophoresis and assayed for protein kinase activity in the presence of endogenous or exogenously added histone substrates. The data demonstrated differences in protein kinase activity following exposure of @entity6007 cells to either @entity3733 or @entity7091 for 30 min. These changes in enzyme activity varied with the treatment of the cells and the substrate used. Two sets of protein kinases, one responsive to @entity268 and the other responsive to @entity6708 , were activated in control cultures. A different @entity268 -responsive enzyme was active only in differentiating cells. Another protein kinase, activated by @entity6708 , was associated with both @entity3733 and @entity7091 treatment. All of these protein kinases had a histone substrate preference. One noncyclic @entity377 activated protein kinase phosphorylating endogenous substrates was associated only with @entity3733 -induced cells. These findings suggest a multifaceted role for protein kinases early in the maturation of @entity6007 cells.

title: Changes in protein kinase activity within 30 min of induced differentiation in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity7091 :: ('MESH:D016590', 'Chemical') :: ['aphidicolin']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['Friend erythroleukemia']

answer: @entity6007 :: (MESH:D004915,Disease) :: ['Friend erythroleukemia']


abstract: An in vitro model of @entity63 was developed and characterized using the acute @entity35 hippocampal slice preparation. Neuroprotective concentrations of several competitive and noncompetitive @entity2227 subtype-selective antagonists ( @entity11223 , @entity3390 , YM90K and @entity18713 ) were initially determined in @entity519 -enhanced agonist-induced excitotoxicity experiments. Concentrations which proved to be effective in these studies were subsequently tested for their effectiveness against an @entity63 episode. @entity63 was defined as a 30-min exposure to aglycemic media ending in 5 min of concurrent @entity519 , a protocol which was arrived at by empirically determining the effect of various hypoglycemic and anoxic insults on the ability of hippocampal slices to retain their electrophysiological viability. Exposure to such an @entity63 episode resulted in a loss of viability by most slices, an effect which was strongly dependent on extracellular @entity460 . @entity140 antagonists applied alone produced no neuroprotective effect in the present model of in vitro @entity63 , while @entity143 antagonists applied alone had a modest neuroprotective effect. In contrast, the coapplication of 10 microM @entity3390 and 300 microM @entity18713 , noncompetitive @entity143 and @entity140 receptor antagonists, respectively, resulted in almost complete neuroprotection. This protection was comparable to that obtained by withholding extracellular @entity460 , indicating that the toxic effects of @entity2227 receptor overstimulation can be accounted for solely by @entity460 influx. The effect of this combination treatment on the survival rate of hippocampal slices was synergistic, that is greater than the sum of the effects of the individual compounds. The results indicate that neuroprotection against acute @entity63 insults may require a combination therapy approach.

title: Neuroprotective interaction effects of XXXX and @entity140 receptor antagonists in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: Liver transplantation is proposed as the best therapy for @entity157 in cirrhotic @entity1 . However, the confrontation with the results obtained by surgical resection has never been done on an intention-to-treat basis. Between 1989 and 1997, 164 out of 1,265 @entity1 with @entity157 were evaluated for surgery. Seventy-seven (48 @entity1 , mean 61 years of age, 74 @entity1 -Pugh class A, size 33 +/- 18 mm) were resected (first line option) and 87 (65 @entity1 , mean 55 years of age, 50 @entity1 -Pugh class B/C, size 24 +/- 14 mm) were selected for transplantation. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year "intention-to-treat" survival was 85%, 62%, and 51% for resection and 84%, 69%, and 69% for transplantation (8 drop-outs on waiting list). @entity648 and clinically relevant portal @entity101 were independent survival predictors after resection. Thereby, the 5-year survival of the best candidates (absence of clinically relevant portal @entity101 , n = 35) was 74%, whereas it was 25% for the worst candidates (portal @entity101 and @entity648 >/=1 mg/dL, n = 27) (P <.00001). The variable "drop-out on waiting list" was the sole survival predictor after transplantation. The 2-year survival rate of @entity1 evaluated for transplantation was 84% in the 1989 to 1995 period (mean waiting time, 62 days; no drop-outs) and 54% during 1996 to 1997 (mean waiting time, 162 days; 8 drop-outs)(P <.003). This outcome was significantly lower than that of the best candidates for resection (P =.002). In conclusion, a proper selection of candidates for resection promotes better results than transplantation, in which the results are significantly hampered by the growing incidence of drop-outs because of the increasing waiting time.

title: Intention-to-treat analysis of surgical treatment for XXXX : resection versus transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['early hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin', 'Bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['early hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of potential @entity267 , @entity340 , bone and skin donors among @entity1 who died in Dutch hospitals, in comparison with the number of actual donors. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Five hospitals in the western part of the Netherlands. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 who died in 1989 were reviewed. @entity1 younger than 4 weeks were excluded from the study. On the basis of criteria used by the Eurotransplant and Bio Implant Services Foundations and those of the skin bank of the Dutch Burns Foundation, it was determined if the deceased were medically suitable as @entity267 , @entity340 , bone or skin donor. RESULTS: Data were collected on 2150 of 2369 deceased (90.8%), mean age 69.5 (17.0) (SD) years. Medical criteria for @entity267 donation were met in 72% of the cases, 6.8% of these became actual donors. The figures for heart value donors were 4.3% and 9.7% respectively, and for bone donors 2.7% and 0%. The percentage of potential skin donors could not be determined, because essential data were missing from the medical records. After extrapolation the number of donors among all @entity1 who died in Dutch hospitals in 1989 amounted to 35,046 potential @entity267 donors, 2,093 potential @entity340 donors and 1,314 potential bone donors. CONCLUSION: Only a very small proportion of the potential tissue donors were referred to Eurotransplant and Bio Implant Services. Therefore, waiting lists for tissue transplantation are not necessary.

title: [Potential XXXX , @entity340 , bone and skin donors in 5 Dutch hospitals far outnumber actual donors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although rare in the West, @entity694 is not an uncommon disease in developing countries. However, the clinical manifestations and radiological appearance of the disease are non-specific. In recent years, colonoscopy has been found to be very useful in diagnosing @entity1 with @entity694 . METHODS: Clinical features, colonoscopic findings, histology and response to treatment were recorded in 50 @entity1 with @entity694 . RESULTS: @entity490 , @entity221 , @entity448 , @entity353 and @entity294 were the common symptoms. The colonoscopic features consisted of @entity1066 (92%), nodules (88%), deformed caecum and ileocecal valve (42%), strictures (25%), multiple @entity82 (8%) and @entity75 (6%). Segmental @entity378 and lesions simulating @entity189 were seen in 22 and 16% of @entity1 , respectively. Histological examination of the colonic biopsy specimens showed well-formed, non-caseating @entity738 in 18%, collection of loosely arranged epithelioid cells in 40% and chronic non-specific inflammatory changes in 42% of the @entity1 . Six @entity1 needed surgical intervention. The other 44 @entity1 responded well to anti-tuberculous therapy and became asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that colonoscopy is a useful method for diagnosing @entity694 . It is suggested that if the clinical picture and colonoscopic appearance are suggestive of @entity378 and target biopsies reveal non-caseating @entity738 , a collection of loosely arranged epithelioid cells, or even non-specific changes, then a therapeutic trial of anti-tuberculous drugs should be given and continued if there is clinical improvement.

title: XXXX : clinical features, endoscopic appearance and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous bands']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['polypoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic tuberculosis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colonic tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While increasing data on bacterial evolution in controlled environments are available, our understanding of bacterial genome evolution in natural environments is limited. We thus performed full genome analyses on four @entity5125 , including @entity1 and food isolates from both a 1988 case of @entity5124 and a 2000 listeriosis outbreak, which had been linked to contaminated food from a single processing facility. All four isolates had been shown to have identical subtypes, suggesting that a specific @entity5125 persisted in this processing plant over at least 12 years. While a genome sequence for the 1988 food isolate has been reported, we sequenced the genomes of the 1988 @entity1 isolate as well as a @entity1 and a food isolate from the 2000 outbreak to allow for comparative genome analyses. RESULTS: The two @entity5125 isolates from 1988 and the two isolates from 2000 had highly similar genome backbone sequences with very few single @entity377 (nt) polymorphisms (1 - 8 SNPs/isolate; confirmed by re-sequencing). While no genome rearrangements were identified in the backbone genome of the four isolates, a 42 kb prophage inserted in the chromosomal comK gene showed evidence for major genome rearrangements. The @entity1 -food isolate pair from each 1988 and 2000 had identical prophage sequence; however, there were significant differences in the prophage sequences between the 1988 and 2000 isolates. Diversification of this prophage appears to have been caused by multiple homologous recombination events or possibly prophage replacement. In addition, only the 2000 @entity1 isolate contained a plasmid, suggesting plasmid loss or acquisition events. Surprisingly, besides the polymorphisms found in the comK prophage, a single SNP in the tRNA Thr-4 prophage represents the only SNP that differentiates the 1988 isolates from the 2000 isolates. CONCLUSION: Our data support the hypothesis that the 2000 @entity1 listeriosis outbreak was caused by a @entity5125 that persisted in a food processing facility over 12 years and show that genome sequencing is a valuable and feasible tool for retrospective epidemiological analyses. Short-term evolution of @entity5125 in non-controlled environments appears to involve limited diversification beyond plasmid gain or loss and prophage diversification, highlighting the importance of phages in bacterial evolution.

title: Short-term genome evolution of XXXX in a non-controlled environment.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes strain']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic listeriosis']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: The lipid-peroxidating enzyme, @entity13695 (LO)-1 and its metabolite, @entity5208 ( @entity5208 ), likely contribute to prostate tumorigenesis. Thus, this study evaluated adenovirus-mediated overexpression of 15-LO-1 on normal @entity19 prostate. Adenovirus expressing either @entity1 15-LO-1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or GFP alone was orthotopically injected into the dorsolateral prostates of C57BL/6 @entity19 , three times over the course of 60 days. On day 90, pathological changes in prostate tissue were assessed by @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) staining. Expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and expression of angiogenesis markers were analyzed by an antibody array. Based on the latter study, immunoprecipitation analysis was used to measure the effect of @entity5208 , with or without conditioned media, on fibroblast growth factor-a and b ( @entity6898 and @entity540 ) expression in @entity1 PrEC (normal prostate epithelial), PrSMC (normal prostate smooth muscle) and PrSC (normal prostate stromal) lines. Expression of viral 15-LO-1-GFP, but not GFP alone, resulted in the development of a @entity5436 ( @entity5436 )-like phenotype with increased expression of Ki-67. Aberrant 15-LO-1 expression also induced the angiogenic markers @entity6898 and @entity540 . @entity1 PrEC, PrSMC and PrSC lines demonstrated an increase in @entity540 expression upon stimulation with @entity5208 , which was further increased by the addition of conditioned media from the epithelial or smooth muscle cells. Using adenoviral mediated 15-LO-1 gene delivery, this study suggests that aberrant 15-LO-1 overexpression in normal prostate can trigger events leading to prostate epithelial and stromal cell proliferation. Thus, our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this viral system for 15-LO-1 expression studies in tissues.

title: Orthotopic expression of @entity1 @entity13695 (LO)-1 in the dorsolateral prostate of normal wild-type C57BL/6 @entity19 causes XXXX -like lesions.

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity5208 :: ('CHEBI:34154', 'Chemical') :: ['13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid', '13-S-HODE']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['PIN', 'prostate intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['PIN']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the incidence and treatment of endograft limb @entity850 or @entity432 ( @entity4218 [ @entity4218 ]) in a single center with the ANCURE unsupported bifurcated or aortouniiliac endograft by using intraoperative completion angiography and postoperative color duplex ultrasound scanning (CDU). METHODS: Sixty-seven endografts (58 bifurcated, 9 uniiliac) were implanted between February 1996 and July 2000. Intraoperative completion aortography was performed in every @entity1 . Postoperative assessment of the endograft consisted of CDU and computed tomography scanning and kidney, ureter and bladder radiographs within 7 days of implantation, at 3 and 6 months after the operation, and every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: At the time of endograft implantation, widely patent normal-appearing endograft limbs were revealed by means of the initial completion angiogram in 58 of 67 @entity1 (group 1). @entity4218 subsequently developed in seven of these 58 @entity1 (13.4%). The results of the completion angiogram were not normal in the remaining nine @entity1 (group 2), leading to the deployment of a self-expanding stent within the endograft limbs. The results of subsequent angiography were normal. No @entity4218 has occurred in any @entity1 in group 2 to date. The primary assisted patency rate at 30 months was 88% +/- 5.2% for group 1 versus 100% +/- 0% for group 2 (P = not significant, Log-rank test). @entity86 occurred in seven @entity1 (10.4%). Endovascular graft @entity715 occurred in three @entity1 (3 endograft limbs). In each case, an endovascular approach was attempted; however, the guidewire would not traverse the occluded endovascular graft limb. Revascularization was accomplished by means of femorofemoral bypass grafting. Endovascular graft @entity850 occurred in four @entity1 (4 endograft limbs). Three @entity1 with bifurcated endografts and limb @entity850 who had no symptoms diagnosed by means of CDU were successfully treated by means of balloon angioplasty with self-expanding stent implantation, and the endograft limbs remained patent at 3, 5, and 26 months follow-up. The remaining @entity1 who had an aortouniiliac endograft with recurrent severe stenoses underwent endograft explantation and aortobifemoral bypass grafting. The overall incidence of @entity4218 during or after @entity1028 repair was 23.8% (16 of 67 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: Unsupported endografts are at risk for developing @entity4218 . The use of stents for limb support at the time of the initial endograft implantation may prevent subsequent @entity4218 and bears further study. Endograft limb @entity432 usually presents with acute severe @entity63 symptoms, and the failure of operative thrombectomy necessitates femorofemoral artery bypass grafting. Endograft limb @entity850 is identified by means of CDU surveillance in the postoperative period. Prompt treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty/stent yields satisfactory primary assisted patency. Intraoperative intravenous ultrasound scanning, oblique angiograms, pressure gradients, and completion angiography may be necessary to detect and treat @entity4218 .

title: Endograft limb XXXX and @entity850 after ANCURE endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['ELD', 'endograft limb dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative ELD']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusion']