abstract: @entity273 was incorporated into silica xerogel matrix over the concentration range from 3.8 to 68.0 wt% via the sol-gel route. The obtained composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The release rates of @entity274 from the composites into the aqueous phase were examined. In most cases, a 90% release was attained after ca. 10 min, and it was only slightly dependent on @entity274 concentration and particle size. The antimicrobial activity of the composite containing 3.59% @entity274 was evaluated against @entity526 and @entity7178 . A comparative assay was carried out for aqueous solution of @entity274 of the same concentration. The results demonstrated a potent microbicidal efficacy of the composite. Furthermore, diffusion range of the @entity273 from the solid composite into an agar medium matched that of the @entity274 in aqueous solution. The stability tests with the xerogels containing 3.8, 26.4, and 68.0% of @entity274 showed that after 63 days respective losses of the @entity274 at 3 degrees C were 8.8, 9.7, and 6.2%. Both the DSC results and the stability tests have shown that the molecular water present in the pores stabilizes the composite, probably through improving the binding of the @entity274 molecules onto the @entity3440 surface.

title: XXXX xerogel- @entity273 composites: their morphology, stability, and antimicrobial activity.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide', 'hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus luteus']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['Silica']


abstract: @entity3147 in hospitals is of great concern in @entity1 with @entity5 . This @entity5 leads to higher risk of complications, and worse response to treatments and outcomes. @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) in @entity5 is controversial due to the heterogeneous results found in scientific literature. This is the reason why the evaluation of adverse events of @entity3147 , its incidence and severity, is crucial when prescribing @entity3147 in @entity5 @entity1 . This evaluation of adverse events of @entity3147 is the aim of the present systematic review of the @entity922 ( @entity922 ) written in any language found in several databases. From the 74 articles found in our search, only 13 @entity922 (18 different types of @entity5 ) met the criteria to be selected for the systematic review. These @entity922 included 669 @entity1 receiving central @entity3147 in whom 225 adverse events (33.63%) of @entity3147 were described, and 92 @entity1 with @entity1897 , with 54 adverse events (58.70%). There were no adverse events in a control group of 47 @entity1 receiving parenteral fluids. We conclude that scientific literature is very heterogeneous and evaluate complications of parenteral nutrition only as a secondary aim. We think necessary that further research do define complications of parenteral nutrition homogeneously and study them as a main objective.

title: [Adverse effects of parenteral nutrition in XXXX @entity1 : systematic review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition in cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral PN']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['Malnutrition', 'PN', 'Parenteral nutrition']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized clinical trials', 'RCT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Experimental data suggest that in @entity1575 splanchnic and systemic vasculature exhibit marked endothelial @entity1223 (CO) overproduction, while recent data demonstrated @entity1446 oxygenase (HO) @entity2915 in the liver of @entity35 with @entity82 . No data are so far available on CO levels in the hepatic veins of cirrhotic @entity1 . We aimed at evaluating whether plasma CO levels differ between systemic (peripheral vein) and hepatic (hepatic vein) circulation in @entity1 with viral @entity82 with and without @entity843 . METHODS: We enrolled 31 consecutive non-smoking in- or outpatients with @entity1575 . We measured wedge (occluded, WHVP) and free hepatic venous pressures (FHVP) and hepatic-vein pressure gradient (HVPG) was the calculated. Plasma level of NO and plasma CO concentration were determined both in peripheral vein and in the hepatic vein in cirrhotics. RESULTS: In cirrhotic @entity1 plasma CO levels were significantly higher in the hepatic vein (16.66  10.71 p.p.m.) than in the peripheral vein (11.71  7.00 p.p.m). Plasma NO levels were significantly higher in peripheral vein (97.02  21.11  mol/ml) than in the hepatic vein (60.76  22.93  mol/ml). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1575 we documented a hepato-systemic CO gradient as inferred by the higher CO values in the hepatic vein than in the peripheral vein. In cirrhotic @entity1 , CO and NO exhibit opposite behavior in the liver, while both molecules show increased values in the systemic circulation. It can be speculated that increased intra-hepatic CO levels might represent a counterbalancing response to reduced NO intra-hepatic levels in @entity1 @entity1575 .

title: Hepato-systemic gradient of XXXX in @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1223 :: (MESH:D002248,Chemical) :: ['carbon monoxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A proportion of @entity1 with @entity378 diagnosed by sputum culture during screening before antiretroviral therapy (ART) have false-negative Xpert @entity763 /RIF assay results (Xpert-negative @entity378 ). We determined the characteristics and early ART program outcomes of such @entity1 . METHODS: Adult @entity1 who enrolled in a South African township ART service were systematically screened for @entity1907 regardless of symptoms by testing paired sputum samples with Xpert @entity763 /RIF and liquid culture. The ART service provided follow-up for all @entity1 , and early (90-day) programmatic outcomes were determined. RESULTS: Among 602 @entity1 screened, 523 had >= 1 Xpert and culture result, yielding 89 culture-positive @entity378 diagnoses. Of these, 37 (42%) of the @entity1 with @entity378 were Xpert-negative when a single sputum sample was tested, compared with 25 (28%) when 2 samples were tested. Compared with @entity1 with Xpert-positive @entity378 , those with Xpert-negative @entity378 (using either definition) had substantially higher CD4 cell counts, lower plasma viral loads, higher hemoglobin concentrations, and higher body mass index. Their @entity378 was also less advanced, with a lower frequency of prolonged cough (>= 2 weeks), less extensive @entity854 , and a lower frequency of detectable lipoarabinomannan antigenuria and mycobacteriuria. Xpert-negative cases were all sputum smear negative with prolonged time to culture positivity (median, 21 days). Despite greater delays in starting @entity378 treatment, Xpert-negative @entity1 were less likely to die during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to @entity1 with Xpert-positive @entity378 diagnosed during pre-ART screening, Xpert-negative cases had less advanced immunosuppression and less advanced @entity378 and did not have adverse outcomes despite substantial delays in starting @entity378 treatment.

title: Characteristics and early outcomes of @entity1 with Xpert XXXX /RIF-negative @entity1907 diagnosed during screening before antiretroviral therapy.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity763 :: (4498,Gene) :: ['MTB']


abstract: @entity12953 and heparan @entity597 are currently under development as potential antithrombotic drugs. In our studies we have evaluated the relative antithrombotic and @entity548 effects of these two agents in comparison to heparin, the commonly used anticoagulant. In a @entity95 model of stasis @entity715 , a 500 micrograms/kg IV dose of @entity33377 or heparan produced 50-60% inhibition of induced in vivo @entity715 . At 750 micrograms/kg, both agents produced greater than 75% inhibition of @entity715 . Ex vivo measurement of plasma samples obtained from these animals demonstrated variable clotting effects at the lower dose and a proportional increase in the clotting activity at the higher dose. No anti-Xa or anti-IIa activity was observed in any sample. In contrast, animals treated with only 100 micrograms/kg heparin showed complete inhibition of induced @entity715 with significant anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities as well as prolongation of the clotting assays (APTT, TT and HeptestR). In the @entity548 studies utilizing a @entity95 ear @entity190 model, a 5.0 mg/kg IV dose of dermatan or heparan produced much less @entity190 than heparin. On a gravimetric basis, dermatan and heparan were 10 fold less @entity548 than heparin. These results indicate that the relative contribution of plasmatic and cellular sites to the mediation of the antithrombotic action of heparin, dermatan and heparan differ. Although the antithrombotic dosages of dermatan and heparan are higher than heparin, due to the different mechanisms of action of each agent, a better safety index may be provided by dermatan and heparan than heparin.

title: Comparative antithrombotic and XXXX effects of dermatan @entity597 , heparan @entity597 and heparin.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity33377 :: ('CHEBI:4439', 'Chemical') :: ['dermatan']

entities_list: @entity12953 :: ('MESH:D003871', 'Chemical') :: ['Dermatan sulfate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) is a new semisynthetic derivative of CPT, and has been shown to inhibit @entity25807 and to have a strong antitumor activity with low @entity137 in @entity19 @entity5 . To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity2600 in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), a phase II study was conducted between April 1989 and February 1990. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 were entered onto the study. All @entity1 had had no previous therapy and had measurable disease. Their median age was 67 years (range, 34 to 75 years). Fifty-four @entity1 had a performance status (PS) of 0 or 1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale, and 19 had a PS of 2. @entity2600 was given at a dose of 100 mg/m2 by intravenous 90-minute infusion once a week. The dose of @entity2600 was modified based on the WBC count obtained on the day of drug administration. RESULTS: Of 72 assessable @entity1 , 23 (31.9%) showed a partial response (95% confidence interval, 20.2% to 43.6%). Of 40 @entity1 with a stage IV disease, 13 (32.5%) responded. Response rates for @entity1 with PS 0 or 1 and those with PS 2 did not differ (34.0% and 26.3%, respectively). The median duration of response in @entity1 showing a PR was 15 weeks. The median survival time for all @entity1 was 42 weeks. The major @entity137 were @entity1431 and @entity294 . Grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 and @entity294 occurred in 18 @entity1 (25%) and 15 @entity1 (21%), respectively. These @entity137 were unpredictable. Other @entity137 of greater than or equal to grade 3 included @entity1209 (22%), @entity417 (15%), @entity1665 (4%) and @entity55 (3%). One @entity1 died of @entity358 ( @entity401 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2600 is a very active agent for @entity1149 with acceptable @entity137 . Further trials in combination with other agents for this disease are warranted.

title: A phase II study of XXXX , a new derivative of camptothecin, for previously untreated @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['CPT-11']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-angiogenic treatment of @entity463 characteristically results in therapy resistance and @entity5 progression via diffuse infiltration. Monitoring @entity5 progression in these @entity1 is thwarted because therapy results in @entity5 invisibility in contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI. To address this problem, we examined whether @entity5 progression could be monitored by metabolic mapping using (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). METHODS: We treated groups of BALB/c nu/nu @entity19 carrying different orthotopic diffuse-infiltrative @entity463 xenografts with bevacizumab (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] antibody, n = 13), @entity14820 (combined @entity11132 /c-Met @entity669 kinase inhibitor, n = 11), or placebo (n = 15) and compared CE-MRI with @entity7748 -derived metabolic maps before, during, and after treatment. Metabolic maps and CE-MRIs were subsequently correlated to histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In vivo imaging of @entity1877 /n-acetyl aspartate ratios via multivoxel @entity7748 is better able to evaluate response to therapy than CE-MRI. Lactate imaging revealed that diffuse infiltrative areas in @entity463 xenografts did not present with excessive glycolysis. In contrast, glycolysis was observed in @entity519 areas in angiogenesis-dependent compact regions of @entity11 only, especially after anti-angiogenic treatment. CONCLUSION: Our data present MRSI as a powerful and feasible approach that is superior to CE-MRI and may provide handles for optimizing treatment of @entity11 . Furthermore, we show that glycolysis is more prominent in @entity519 areas than in areas of diffuse infiltrative growth. The Warburg hypothesis of persisting glycolysis in @entity5 under normoxic conditions may thus not be valid for @entity11 .

title: Multivoxel   H MR spectroscopy is superior to contrast-enhanced MRI for response assessment after anti-angiogenic treatment of orthotopic @entity1 XXXX xenografts and provides handles for metabolic targeting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14820 :: ('MESH:C558660', 'Chemical') :: ['cabozantinib']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Over 2 months, seven feeding trials were conducted at St. Catherines Island, GA, to quantify protein intake and utilization in captive mature nonreproducing Aceros (n=3 spp.) and Buceros (n=2 spp.) Hornbills were fed homogeneous isocaloric diets. A mixture of Bird of Paradise pellets, grapes, and raisins was offered to the birds as grape-sized balls, supplemented with diced cantaloupe @entity2487 to maintain hydration. To vary the protein level (range 10.8-22.6%) within the diets, different amounts of a powdered soy protein supplement were added to the mixture. Test diets were fed for 3 consecutive days. Birds were weighed to test for differences among diets. All excreta and diet samples were collected for @entity1568 (N) analysis. Feeding trials were separated by a 4-day period, in which the bird's regular diet was fed. Data were analyzed for N balance, N equilibrium (regression of N intake vs. N excretion) and body mass. Regression analysis of N balances of the nine birds showed that the N equilibriums ranged from 0.081 to 0.595 g N/kg(0.75)/d with an average of 0.387+/-0.298. No differences in N balances were found between Aceros and Buceros hornbills. The methodology of this study suggested a dietary crude protein (CP) requirement of 7.3+/-3.0% @entity62 ( @entity62 ) in a diet containing 4.0 kcal. However, this value was determined by extrapolation and has not been experimentally determined to be adequate. In this study, the hornbills maintained body mass on a diet containing 10.8% CP (with energy at 4.0 kcal/g @entity62 ). Zoo Biol 27:282-293, 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

title: Determining XXXX requirements of Aceros and Buceros hornbills.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for @entity1 with @entity674 ( @entity674 ) has been shown to improve overall outcomes. It remains unclear whether TKIs are delaying @entity5 recurrence or actually affecting cure rates. We sought to determine whether changes in overall and disease-specific survival ( @entity3012 and @entity13419 , respectively) for @entity1 with surgically resected @entity1820 have been observed after the introduction of TKI therapies by using population-based data. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for @entity1 with resected gastric @entity361 before the introduction of TKIs (pre-TKI: 1990   1994) and after their inception (post-TKI: 2002   2003). RESULTS: Overall, 594 @entity1 with gastric @entity361 were identified, and 189 and 405 underwent resection in the pre- and post-TKI eras, respectively. Between groups, there were no significant differences in @entity1 demographics. The 1- and 6-year @entity3012 improved from 84 and 36 to 93 and 71%, respectively. The 1- and 6-year @entity13419 improved from 92 and 62 to 96 and 90%, respectively. Through 6 years, @entity3012 and @entity13419 significantly improved for all stages, @entity5 sizes, and extent of operation. By using multivariate analysis, undergoing treatment in the pre-TKI @entity7971 was an independent negative predictor of @entity3012 , hazard ratio (HR, 2.98) and @entity13419 (HR, 3.81). CONCLUSIONS: The TKI @entity7971 is associated with dramatic improvements in @entity3012 and @entity13419 for @entity1 with surgically resected @entity1820 , irrespective of stage, @entity5 size, and extent of operation through 6 years of follow-up. It remains unclear, however, whether this survival advantage is a change in cure rate or simply a delay in disease progression.

title: Has the survival rate for surgically resected gastric @entity674 improved in the XXXX kinase inhibitor @entity7971 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GISTs']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Seven @entity1 with a @entity453 underwent percutaneous transcatheter embolization (five were male and two female; the age range was 2 to 67 years [median 17]). Three @entity1 were symptomatic. The left to right shunt ranged from 1.6 to 2.6:1. In six @entity1 , the @entity292 was an isolated @entity154 ; in one, it was acquired. The @entity292 arose from branches of the left (n = 5) and right (n = 2) coronary arteries and drained to the right ventricle (n = 2), right atrium (n = 2), coronary sinus (n = 1), pulmonary artery (n = 1) and a bronchial artery (n = 1). Different embolization techniques were used to occlude eight feeding arteries. The embolization materials included a detachable balloon (n = 3), coaxial embolization with @entity902 microcoils (n = 3), a combination of detachable balloon and microcoil (n = 1) and standard steel coils (n = 1). Satisfactory @entity432 was achieved in six @entity1 . In one case, the valve of the detachable balloon was damaged, resulting in @entity661 and a residual @entity292 . There were no associated complications in any @entity1 . Follow-up investigation by Doppler ultrasound or coronary angiography 4 months to 4 years later showed that permanent @entity432 was achieved in all six @entity1 in whom embolization was initially successful. Transcatheter embolization should be considered the treatment of choice for @entity453 .

title: Transcatheter embolization in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['early balloon deflation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery fistulas', 'coronary artery fistula']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery fistulas']


abstract: The @entity6662 -sensitive @entity2827 cotransporter (NCC) and the epithelial @entity1372 channel (ENaC) are two of the most important determinants of salt balance and thus systemic blood pressure. Abnormalities in either result in profound changes in blood pressure. There is one segment of the nephron where these two @entity1372 transporters are coexpressed, the second part of the distal convoluted tubule. This is a key part of the @entity1369 -sensitive distal nephron, the final regulator of salt handling in the kidney. @entity1369 is the key hormonal regulator for both of these proteins. Despite these shared regulators and coexpression in a key nephron segment, associations between these proteins have not been investigated. After confirming apical localization of these proteins, we demonstrated the presence of functional transport proteins and native association by blue native PAGE. Extensive coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a consistent interaction of NCC with a- and y-ENaC. @entity1 two-hybrid studies demonstrated direct binding of NCC to ENaC subunits. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and immunogold EM studies confirmed that these transport proteins are within appropriate proximity for direct binding. Additionally, we demonstrate that there are functional consequences of this interaction, with inhibition of NCC affecting the function of ENaC. This novel finding of an association between ENaC and NCC could alter our understanding of salt transport in the distal tubule.

title: The XXXX cotransporter (NCC) and epithelial @entity1372 channel (ENaC) associate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity2827 :: (MESH:D012965,Chemical) :: ['sodium chloride']


abstract: The two most well known and well defined grading systems for @entity1141 in @entity2513 were compared with regard to reproducibility. The @entity262 ( @entity262 ) operates with several histological and cytological variables and grades of mild, moderate, and severe @entity1141 . The Kozuka system is based on the extent of nuclear pseudostratification and also has three grades of @entity1141 (III-V). As the group of severe @entity1141 is very large in this system, it was extended with two higher grades, similarly based on individual histological criteria, known hereafter as the extended Kozuka system (EKS). Fifty six @entity652 were graded by two observers, each observer grading twice according to the @entity262 criteria and twice according to EKS criteria. Intraobserver reproducibility was excellent for the @entity262 and moderate for the EKS, but this was not significant. The overall interobserver reproducibility was similar (moderate) for the @entity262 and for the EKS. Kappa values for interobserver reproducibility on individual categories were excellent for severe @entity1141 according to the @entity262 , but low for all other categories in both systems. By simplifying both systems into two groups a high reproducibility can be obtained, but this implies that all the original grades (III-V) for the EKS must be grouped together. It is therefore recommended that a simplified @entity262 is used for further studies on the biological importance of @entity1141 and for comparison between histological changes and other markers for @entity14 .

title: Observer reproducibility in grading @entity1141 in XXXX : comparison between two different grading systems.

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Konishi-Morson system', 'KMS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity387 ( @entity387 ) is a risk factor for @entity66 . We investigated the frequency of @entity387 in Japanese @entity1 with acute @entity64 and @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ), as well as factors associated with @entity387 severity. METHODS: Between April 2010 and March 2011, we prospectively enrolled @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity4905 within 24 h of onset to participate in a sleep study within 7 days of admission. We defined @entity387 as a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (number of apnoeas or hypopnoeas per hour) of >=  5. @entity1 were assigned to groups based on RDI values of >=  30 (severe) and <30 (absent or not severe). The frequency of @entity387 and factors associated with severity were investigated using multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: We enrolled 150 @entity1 amongst whom 126 (84%) had @entity387 . The frequencies of @entity387 were 21 (75%) @entity1 with @entity4905 , 105 (86%) with @entity64 , 8/10 (80%) with large artery @entity731 , 14/14 (100%) with small vessel occlusion, 37/41 (90%) with cardioembolism and 46/57 (81%) with other causes of @entity64 /undetermined. Severe @entity387 was evident in 44 (29%) @entity1 . The frequency of males (75% vs. 56%, P = 0.027), @entity955 ( @entity955 ) (39% vs. 23%, P = 0.045), higher body mass index (23.8    3.8 vs. 22.3    3.8, P = 0.043) and a larger neck circumference (37.8    4.3 vs. 35.8    4.2, P = 0.012) was significantly higher in the group with severe @entity387 . Multivariate regression analysis found that @entity955 (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.079-5.836, P = 0.0359) was independently associated with severe @entity387 . CONCLUSION: Most Japanese @entity1 with acute @entity64 and @entity4905 had @entity387 , and @entity955 was associated with @entity387 .

title: XXXX is associated with severe sleep-disordered breathing in @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity4905 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep-disordered breathing', 'SDB']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Between 1990 and 2001, 24 @entity1 aged between 15 months and 11 years presented with late orthopaedic sequelae after @entity7135 . The median time to presentation was 32 months (12 to 119) after the acute phase of the disease. The reasons for referral included @entity85 , @entity4218 , joint @entity1159 and problems with prosthetic fitting. @entity85 with or without @entity4218 was the most common presentation. Partial growth arrest was the cause of the @entity85 . Multiple growth-plate involvement occurred in 14 @entity1 . The lower limbs were affected much more often than the upper. Twenty-three @entity1 underwent operations for realignment of the mechanical axis and limb-length equalisation. In 15 @entity1 with @entity85 around the knee the @entity85 recurred. As a result we recommend performing a realignment procedure with epiphysiodesis of the remaining growth plate when correcting @entity85 .

title: Late orthopaedic sequelae following XXXX . A multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb-length discrepancy']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'Angular deformity', 'angular deformity', 'angular deformities']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['meningococcal septicaemia']


abstract: To evaluate multivoxel @entity9715 -MR spectroscopy (MRS) for assessment of energy metabolism in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in correlation to left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and the outcome of revascularization. Thirty @entity1 with subacute @entity583 and planned revascularization were enrolled. 3D-chemical shift imaging was applied to determine PCr/ @entity855 ratios in two areas: infarcted/anterior and noninfarcted/septal myocardium. MRI was used to evaluate LV function and wall thickness, and was repeated 6 months after revascularization to assess @entity296 . Fifteen volunteers were controls. Fifteen @entity1 showed normalization of wall motion abnormalities after revascularization (Group 1; viable), 15 not (Group 2; non-viable). Regarding infarcted/anterior myocardium, Group 2 had lower PCr/ @entity855 ratios (0.81 +/- 0.60 vs 1.17 +/- 0.25), and PCr/ @entity855 ratios were reduced in both groups compared to controls (1.45 +/- 0.29). Regarding noninfarcted/septal myocardium, again Group 2 had lower ratios (0.93 +/- 0.53 vs 1.31 +/- 0.38); however, compared to controls (1.51 +/- 0.32) a reduction of PCr/ @entity855 ratios was only found in Group 2. For both myocardial regions, no correlations between PCr/ @entity855 ratios and LV wall thickness were detected. The more severe energetic alteration in irreversibly damaged myocardium is not an effect of differences of wall thinning. Additional alterations of noninfarcted, adjacent myocardium can be detected.

title: Energetic differences between viable and non-viable myocardium in @entity1 with recent XXXX are not an effect of differences in wall thinning- a multivoxel @entity9715 -MR-spectroscopy and MRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection (LND) is the standard of care for refractory non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive @entity150 . Although consensus exists on the need for LND, its extent is still debated. OBJECTIVE: To develop a model that allows preoperative determination of the minimum number of lymph nodes (LNs) needed to be removed at RC to ensure true nodal status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We analyzed data from 4335 @entity1 treated with RC and pelvic LND without neoadjuvant chemotherapy at 12 @entity4207 centers located in the United States, Canada, and Europe. MEASUREMENTS: We estimated the sensitivity of pathologic nodal staging using a beta-binomial model and developed clinical (preoperative) nodal staging scores (cNSS), which represent the probability that a @entity1 has LN @entity3 as a function of the number of examined nodes. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The probability of missing a positive LN decreased with an increasing number of nodes examined (52% if 3 nodes were examined, 40% if 5 were examined, and 26% if 10 were examined). A cNSS of 90% was achieved by examining 6 nodes for clinical @entity5 , 9 nodes for @entity7487 @entity5 , and 25 nodes for @entity18246 @entity5 . In contrast, examination of 25 nodes provided only 77% cNSS for cT3-T4 @entity5 . The study is limited due to its retrospective design, its multicenter nature, and a lack of preoperative staging parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Every @entity1 treated with RC for @entity150 needs an LND to ensure accurate nodal staging. The minimum number of examined LNs for adequate staging depends preoperatively on the clinical T stage. Predictive tools can give a preoperative estimation of the likelihood of nodal @entity3 and thereby allow tailored decision-making regarding the extent of LND at RC.

title: Clinical nodal staging scores for XXXX : a proposal for preoperative risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Ta-Tis tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: @entity2246 and behavioral adjustment are core components of cognitive control. Numerous studies have focused on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a critical locus of this executive function. Our previous work showed greater activation in the dorsal ACC and @entity2383 , and activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) during post-error slowing (PES) in a stop signal task (SST). However, the extent of error-related cortical or subcortical activation across subjects was not correlated with VLPFC activity during PES. So then, what causes VLPFC activation during PES? To address this question, we employed Granger causality mapping (GCM) and identified regions that Granger caused VLPFC activation in 54 adults performing the SST during fMRI. These brain regions, including the supplementary motor area ( @entity11280 ), cerebellum, a pontine region, and medial thalamus, represent potential targets responding to errors in a way that could influence VLPFC activation. In confirmation of this hypothesis, the error-related activity of these regions correlated with VLPFC activation during PES, with the cerebellum showing the strongest association. The finding that cerebellar activation Granger causes prefrontal activity during behavioral adjustment supports a @entity76 in cognitive control. Furthermore, multivariate GCA described the "flow of information" across these brain regions. Through connectivity with the thalamus and @entity11280 , the cerebellum mediates error and post-error processing in accord with known anatomical projections. Taken together, these new findings highlight the role of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway in an executive function that has heretofore largely been ascribed to the anterior cingulate-prefrontal cortical circuit.

title: XXXX thalamic cortical circuit for error-related cognitive control.

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical structures during error detection']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar function']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['Error detection']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['A cerebellar']


abstract: We have previously shown that endothelial cell @entity1236 ( @entity1236 ) and @entity31968 ( @entity31968 ) overproduction is the main alteration accounting for reduced proneness to angiogenesis in @entity785 ( @entity785 ). On this basis, we stably transfected @entity1236 and @entity31968 in two @entity0 cell lines expressing very low amounts of the target molecules when compared with normal breast epithelial cells, relying on the hypothesis that antiangiogenic molecules released by @entity5 cells could confer an @entity785 -like antiangiogenic pattern on target endothelial cells. In Matrigel Boyden chamber invasion and capillary morphogenesis studies, transfected clones reduced endothelial cell invasion and capillary tube formation, which were abolished by @entity5 cell populations expressing both molecules. The Matrigel sponge assay, performed in vivo in C57/BL6 @entity19 by injecting aliquots of lyophilized culture medium of transfected clones, indicated a similar reduction in angiogenesis. Functional studies have shown that endothelial cells treated with a culture medium of @entity1236 -expressing clones underwent cleavage of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor domain 1 which is indispensable to angiogenesis. We did not observe @entity26557 production from plasminogen under the same experimental conditions. @entity31968 -overexpressing clones showed a powerful anti- @entity10245 ( @entity10245 ) activity in @entity10245 -dependent capillary morphogenesis. We have injected control and transfected clones into nude nu/nu ( @entity2659 ) BR @entity19 to study the differential @entity5 growth pattern. We observed a reduction of @entity5 growth in transfected clones, which was basically complete when clones expressing both molecules were simultaneously injected. The extent of @entity5 @entity39 suggested an antiangiogenesis-dependent @entity5 development.

title: XXXX -endothelial cell antiangiogenic pentraxin 3 and @entity1236 control human @entity0 vascularization and development in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'inhibition of tumor']

entities_list: @entity26557 :: ('MESH:D043168', 'Chemical') :: ['angiostatin']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['Systemic sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effects of a conditionally replicating adenovirus on various @entity150 lines were explored, a truncated bone sialoprotein (BSP) promoter controlling the E1a/b lytic-regulating sequence was used, since BSP protein is found in many @entity5 , including @entity150 . METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to determine expression patterns of BSP and Coxsackie adenovirus receptor, a receptor known to interact with adenovirus, on multiple lines of @entity150 (253J, 253J B-V, RT4, transitional cell @entity189 , T24, UMUC3, and WH). Ad-BSP-E1a was tested in vitro for lytic activity on 4 of these cell lines. The 253J B-V cell line was used and inoculated into female @entity19 either subcutaneously in the flank or orthotopically into the bladder, and treated with control or Ad-BSP-E1a virus. RESULTS: BSP is expressed in RT4, transitional cell @entity189 , and WH. Meanwhile, Coxsackie adenovirus receptor was expressed in all lines except T24. Ad-BSP-E1a had the most impact on 253J and 253J B-V cells; cell density declined significantly when compared to @entity1391 -buffered saline and Ad-BSP-TK "dummy" virus-treatment groups. The 253J B-V @entity5 treated with Ad-BSP-E1a revealed a decreased percent change of size in the subcutaneous model when compared to controls at week 3. The orthotopic @entity19 model showed @entity5 mass in the Ad-BSP-E1a treated group over controls. Histologic examination of in vivo @entity5 showed evidence of @entity82 and apoptosis in the Ad-BSP-E1a treated groups using @entity1710 - @entity1711 , trichrome, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining. Control groups only had viable @entity5 in in vivo models. CONCLUSION: Adenovirus therapy of orthotopic @entity19 @entity150 is feasible. Ad-BSP-E1a is effective in treating @entity146 yet sensitive @entity150 cells. Further study of this conditionally replicating adenovirus treatment (Ad-BSP-E1a) with chemotherapeutic combination is warranted, and future translation of such combination therapy into @entity1 beings is a possibility.

title: Conditionally replicating adenovirus-mediated gene therapy in XXXX : an orthotopic in vivo model.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['very aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'decreased end tumor', 'osteotropic neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Long-duration @entity2224 (LDVF) in the globally ischemic heart is characterized by transmurally heterogeneous decline in @entity2224 rate (VFR), emergence of inexcitable regions, and eventual global @entity1167 . Rapid loss of both local and global excitability is detrimental to successful defibrillation and resuscitation during @entity1167 . We sought to assess the role of the @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 current (I(KATP)) in the timing and spatial pattern of electrical depression during LDVF in a structurally normal @entity235 heart. We analyzed endo-, mid-, and epicardial unipolar electrograms and epicardial optical recordings in the left ventricle of isolated @entity235 hearts during 10 min of LDVF in the absence (control) and presence of an I(KATP) blocker @entity5217 (60  M). In all myocardial layers, average VFR was the same or higher in @entity5217 -treated than in control hearts. The difference increased with time of LDVF and was overall significant in all layers (P < 0.05). However, @entity5217 did not significantly affect the transmural VFR gradient. In epicardial optical recordings, @entity5217 shortened diastolic intervals, prolonged action potential duration, and decreased the percentage of inexcitable area (all differences P < 0.001). During 10 min of LDVF, @entity1167 occurred in 55.6% of control and none of @entity5217 -treated hearts (P < 0.05). In three hearts paced after the onset of @entity1167 , there was no response to LV epicardial or atrial pacing. In structurally normal @entity235 hearts, I(KATP) opening during LDVF is a major factor in the onset of local and global inexcitability, whereas it has a limited role in overall deceleration of VFR and the transmural VFR gradient.

title: Role of KATP channel in electrical depression and @entity1167 during long-duration XXXX in ex vivo @entity235 heart.

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glybenclamide']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Any Qualified Provider framework in the National Health Service has changed the way adult audiology services are offered in England. Under the new rules, @entity1 are being offered a choice in geographical location and audiology provider. This study aimed to explore how choices in treatment are presented and to identify what information @entity1 need when they are seeking help with @entity393 . DESIGN: This study adopted qualitative methods of ethnographic observations and focus group interviews to identify information needed prior to, and during, help-seeking. Observational data and focus group data were analysed using the constant comparison method of grounded theory. STUDY SAMPLE: @entity1 were recruited from a community Health and Social Care Trust in the west of England. This service incorporates both an Audiology and a Hearing Therapy service. Twenty seven @entity1 were involved in focus groups or interviews. RESULTS: @entity1 receive little information beyond the detail of hearing aids. @entity1 report little information that was not directly related to uptake of hearing aids. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 preferences were not explored and limited information resulted in decisions that were clinician-led. The gaps in information reflect previous data on clinician communication and highlight the need for consistent information on a range of interventions to manage @entity393 .

title: A qualitative investigation of decision making during help-seeking for adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether the cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) obtained by the lumbar puncture technique is capable of evaluating the pathological state of the cervical @entity612 (CSCS). A method was developed in which the CSFP was measured with a small piezoelectric semiconductor in combination with the lumbar puncture technique. The data thus obtained were quantitatively analysed using a personal computer. Using this method, we studied @entity1 with @entity3799 due to @entity9085 . The CSFP wave form obtained by compression of the cervical region was converted into a regression curve using the computer. In order to estimate the @entity9085 (spinal cord/dural tube) of @entity1 with CSCS by CSFP, multiple regression analysis was performed to obtain a multiple regression with respective parameters as expository variables. Descending curve coefficients ( @entity22651 , @entity24732 and @entity3602 ) were found to be useful as parameters estimating the state of CSCS by means of CSFP analysis. On the basis of these parameters, @entity22651 , the coefficient of a descending curve obtained at the neutral cervical position, and @entity3602 , the coefficient of a descending curve obtained at the extended position, @entity1 with CSCS were able to distinguish from normal subjects. The multiple regression equation (Y = 73.2-3890 CNA-4740 @entity22651 + 3620 @entity24732 -10470 CEA-802 @entity3602 -0.119 NPP) was statistically significant at P = 0.01, therefore, useful in estimating the @entity9085 . On the contrary, the values calculated from the multiple regression equation were not well correlated with either the JOA (Japanese Orthopedic Association) scores evaluated in accordance with the JOA Criteria or with the spinal compression ratio (anterior-to-posterior diameter/right-to-left diameter).

title: [An evaluation of cervical XXXX --a correlation with cerebrospinal fluid pressure using a semiconductor and its coefficients].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral canal stenosis ratio', 'vertebral canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical myelopathy']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal canal stenosis']


abstract: Heterotrophic growth with @entity948 and autotrophic growth with @entity3884 and @entity544 was entirely inhibited by @entity859 at a concentration of 0.6 mg/ml in @entity18394 ( @entity18394 ) H 16. Growth inhibition was not accompanied by a detectable uptake of the @entity2353 . @entity859 caused a rapid inhibition of protein synthesis, followed by a decrease in nucleic acid formation. Enzyme synthesis was also impared, whilst cell respiration remained uneffected. @entity32673 also caused a drastic but temporary decrease in viable cell counts. Cells incubated in presence of @entity859 and @entity948 for several days, however, were no longer susceptable to this @entity2353 . @entity859 -dependent growth inhibition turned out to be contingent upon the nature of the organic substrate. Cells growing with @entity4588 , @entity2227 or peptone were less effected than cells, growing autotrophically or with @entity948 . No inhibition was observed in @entity948 -growing cells, if @entity1522 were also present in the medium. Several other @entity2642 tested, did not show such growth inhibition, except @entity32673 , which, however, did not effect viable cell counts.

title: [ @entity859 -dependent death of @entity18394 ( XXXX ) H 16 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine', 'Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity32673 :: ('CHEBI:16335', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosin', 'desoxyadenosine']

entities_list: @entity18394 :: ('106590', 'Species') :: ['Hydrogenomonas eutropha', 'Alcaligenes eutrophus']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity18394 :: (106590,Species) :: ['Alcaligenes eutrophus']


abstract: Between 1957 and 1980, 54 @entity1 less than 20 years of age with a diagnosis of @entity463 multiforme or @entity5 were treated. All @entity1 had a minimum follow-up period of 5 years. Twenty-seven @entity1 had @entity463 multiforme and 27 had @entity5 . The median age was 8 years for @entity463 multiforme @entity1 and 10 years for @entity5 @entity1 . All @entity1 received radiation therapy, but two died of @entity260 and did not complete the treatment. The Kernohan Grading System was more useful in distinguishing @entity463 multiforme and @entity5 in terms of prognosis than was the Nelson criterion of @entity5 @entity39 . @entity463 multiforme (IV) @entity1 had survivals of 44% at 1 year, 26% at 2 years, 4% at 5 years, and 0% at 10 years. @entity5 (III) @entity1 had 74% survival at 1 year, 56% at 2 years, 36% at 5 years, and 32% at 10 years, (all P less than 0.05). The @entity5 dose and @entity5 location affected survival significantly. @entity1 with hemispheric @entity5 who received 54-60 Gy had a 60% 5-year survival rate compared to 14% for doses of 35-50 Gy. @entity463 multiforme @entity1 with noncentral @entity5 had a 9% 5- year survival with 54-60 Gy versus 0% with 35-50 Gy. @entity17692 did @entity5 . There were no 5-year survivors among @entity1 with central @entity5 . @entity5 , on the other hand, resulted in a 44% 5-year survival for @entity5 and 5% for @entity463 multiforme. Radiation therapy was well tolerated during the acute period. Only one @entity1 developed a late neurologic deficit attributable to therapy. The @entity1 had @entity393 after two courses of 50 Gy each to a @entity1315 . However, six of the 11 @entity1 who survived for 5 years or longer had @entity4903 .

title: Malignant astrocytic gliomas in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Malignant astrocytoma', 'malignant astrocytoma', 'Noncentral tumors', 'better than central tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe tumor']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral and cerebellar hemispheric tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual, emotional, or endocrine dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficiency of referral for suspected @entity726 to general practitioners and consultants by optometrists. DESIGN: A prospective survey covering 5% of all sight tests performed by optometrists in England and Wales over six months, with analysis of referred @entity1 . SETTING: 241 optometrists' practices in areas representative of England and Wales in socioeconomic terms. SUBJECTS: Of 275,600 @entity1 attending for a sight test, 1505 were referred with suspected @entity726 (0.9% of those aged over 4%). Outcomes were recorded for 1228 @entity1 , 1103 (90%) of whom attended for examination by a consultant ophthalmologist (8% on a private basis). The analysis was confined to the 704 cases in which the information on diagnosis was received directly from a consultant or general practitioner. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnoses reported by consultant ophthalmologists. Waiting times before an appointment for examination by a consultant ophthalmologist. RESULTS: @entity726 was confirmed in 283 of the 704 referred @entity1 , and another 222 @entity1 were considered to require further monitoring. In all, 112 (41%) of 275 confirmed cases of @entity726 were in @entity1 with intraocular pressures greater than or equal to 30 mm Hg. At all levels of intraocular pressure the accuracy of referral was greater when the optometrist also recorded the presence of suspicious optic discs or loss of visual field, or both; but only 331 (47%) out of the 704 referred @entity1 had been tested with a field screener. The median waiting time for an NHS clinic appointment was nine weeks. Almost a 10th of confirmed cases of @entity726 were in @entity1 in a high risk category for @entity726 who had to wait at least 14 weeks for an appointment. CONCLUSIONS: Closer cooperation, especially at the local level, among consultants, general practitioners, and optometrists is needed to improve testing and referral for suspected @entity726 . Optometrists should be encouraged to perform all the three main tests--ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, and perimetry--in @entity1 before referral and to report precisely on reasons for referral to help prioritisation. The optometrist's referral letter to the general practitioner should always be passed on to the consultant. Similarly, the diagnosis should always be reported back to the optometrist.

title: Efficiency of referral for suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'Glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 23 consecutive adult @entity1 with an @entity439 . In three @entity1 with a cerebrovascular event the diagnosis was established by the transesophageal approach only. Interatrial shunting on transthoracic imaging with use of echocardiographic contrast imaging or Doppler color mapping, or both, was detected in 7 (41%) of 17 @entity1 . On performing contrast imaging in combination with color flow mapping during transesophageal echocardiography, positive shunting was demonstrated in 15 (83%) of 18 @entity1 . Echocardiographic identification of multiple fenestrations (n = 4) and @entity715 within the @entity439 (n = 2) could be achieved for the first time by transesophageal ultrasound application. Cerebrovascular events occurred in 12 (52%) of 23 @entity1 and were regarded as being definitely @entity1031 in 10 (43%); 8 (67%) of the 12 @entity1 had repeated cerebral events. Except for @entity3454 in one @entity1 , no other potential cardiac source of @entity887 could be identified despite the use of transesophageal echocardiography. A thickening of the aneurysmal membrane greater than or equal to 5 mm was found in 9 (75%) of 12 @entity1 with versus 3 (27%) of 11 @entity1 without a cerebrovascular event (p less than 0.05); this proved to be the only significant difference between the two @entity1 groups. The mechanism of embolization may be both primary @entity439 and @entity2121 embolization through an interatrial communication as demonstrated by the findings in two @entity1 . It is concluded that @entity439 is a @entity299 with @entity1031 potential. In @entity1 with this lesion and a history of an embolic event, long-term anticoagulant therapy is indicated.

title: Improved morphologic characterization of XXXX by transesophageal echocardiography: relation to cerebrovascular events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxic']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal aneurysm', 'aneurysm', 'thrombus formation within the aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormality']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['atrial septal aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It has been demonstrated that there are differences in the efficacy and acceptability of commonly prescribed antidepressants (Cipriani et al. 2009). This meta-analysis showed that @entity837 , @entity3756 , @entity906 and @entity13332 were the most effective in the acute treatment of @entity308 in adults. In this audit, these most effective antidepressants will be referred to as 'the four', whilst other antidepressants will be referred to as 'the others'. We aimed to analyse prescribing patterns of antidepressant monotherapies in Bedford East Community Mental Health Team. We also aimed to compare the efficacy of antidepressant monotherapies in @entity1 with @entity308 or @entity1 with @entity308 mood and also other @entity146 indications within Bedford East Community Mental Health Team, using discharge rates from the out- @entity1 clinic as the outcome measure. We aimed to compare the efficacy of 'the four' versus 'the others' in @entity1 with @entity308 @entity1 with @entity308 mood and also other @entity146 indications at within Bedford East Community Mental Health Team , using discharge rates from the out- @entity1 clinic as the outcome measure. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included all @entity1 on an antidepressant monotherapy in Bedford East Community Mental Health Team in our analysis (206 @entity1 in total) (Figure 1). We examined the clinical notes for each @entity1 to assess whether they were diagnosed with @entity308 or another @entity146 , and whether they had been discharged from the out- @entity1 clinic after being prescribed the antidepressant. This allowed us to calculate discharge rates for each antidepressant monotherapy. RESULTS: For @entity1 with @entity308 , discharge rates were higher when they were prescribed one of 'the four' and highest when prescribed @entity837 . For @entity1 with other indications, discharge rates were higher for 'the others' and highest for @entity905 . DISCUSSION: A greater percentage of @entity1 with @entity308 were discharged from clinic compared with @entity1 treated with antidepressant monotherapy for @entity308 mood and also other @entity146 indications. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that co-morbid undiagnosed other @entity1032 may be a cause of 'resistant @entity308 '.

title: An audit to compare discharge rates between antidepressant monotherapies prescribed for pure @entity308 versus XXXX in the presence of other indications.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric condition']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclass levels were measured in a radial immunodiffusion assay in 25 @entity1778 @entity1 before and after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. All @entity1 received a conditioning regimen of @entity1863 and @entity786 followed by infusion of marrow from an HLA-identical sibling. Intravenous infusions of a commercial Ig preparation were administered every 2 weeks until day 120 posttransplant. Nine @entity1 developed @entity7706 at 6 months or greater posttransplant. Infection was associated with low levels or the absence of detectable serum IgG2 and IgG4. At the time of @entity281 , 4 of 7 @entity1 evaluated had undetectable IgG2, while 5 of 7 had undetectable levels of IgG4. After @entity281 , none of the 8 @entity1 evaluated had detectable levels of IgG2, and only 2 of 8 had detectable levels of IgG4. In contrast, all 16 @entity1 without @entity7706 had IgG2 levels of 102 mg/dL or greater, and IgG4 levels of 20 mg/dL or greater. It appears that IgG2 and IgG4 @entity942 after allogenic bone marrow transplantation contribute to susceptibility to @entity7706 . After @entity7706 , IgG2 and IgG4 levels remain low for a prolonged period and @entity1 remain susceptible to @entity281 by encapsulated organisms.

title: Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency and XXXX after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection', 'pneumococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['subclass deficiencies']

answer: @entity7706 :: (MESH:D011008,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to: 1) estimate the prevalence of exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) at home in the Portuguese population; 2) estimate @entity286 smoking prevalence in Portugal; 3) identify social and personal characteristics associated with smoking or exposure to ETS. METHODS: Nationwide, cross-sectional, population-based telephone survey. Overall, 6003 individuals completed the interview. ETS exposure at home was defined as exposure to at least one current smoker at home. A smoker was defined as someone with 15 years or older, smoking at least 1 cigarette per day during a year; a current smoker (CS) smoked in the last month. RESULTS: Exposure to ETS at home was reported by 26.6% (95%CI 25.5-27.7) of the @entity1 . Living in households with >= 4 @entity1 (OR=2.31; 95%CI[1.81-2.96]), being a current smoker (OR=7.29; 95%CI[5.74-9.26]) or having current @entity565 (OR=2.06; 95%CI[1.45-2.94]) were factors positively associated with ETS exposure. When analyzed by gender, the effect of current @entity565 was only relevant to females. Currently 19.0% (95%CI 18.0-20.0) of the Portuguese population smokes @entity286 and 17.2% (95%CI 16.2-18.2) are ex-smokers. CS prevalence is higher in males than females (26.5%versus 12.2%, p<0,001). The odds of being a CS were higher for males, the more educated, and those exposed to ETS at home. When analyzed by gender, school education only affected females. CONCLUSION: Exposure to ETS at home was higher than previously reported. @entity1 /adolescents and @entity565 @entity1 may have a higher risk of exposure. This report endorses a decreasing trend in the prevalence of @entity286 smoking in Portuguese males, but a tendency to increase in females.

title: Environmental XXXX smoke exposure at home and smoking prevalence in the general Portuguese population--the INAsma study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Children', 'persons']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several public health interventions to improve management of @entity1 with @entity221 are largely focused on the public sector yet a high proportion of @entity1 seek care outside the formal healthcare sector. Few studies have provided information on the determinants of utilization of the private sector as against formal public sector. Understanding the differences between those who attend public and private health institutions, and their pathway to care, has significant practical implications. The chemical shop is an important source of care for acute @entity221 in Ghana. METHODS: Case-control methodology was used to identify factors associated with seeking care for @entity221 in the Dangme West District, Ghana. @entity1 presenting to health centres, or hospital outpatients, with a history or current @entity221 were compared to counterparts from the same community with @entity221 visiting a chemical shop. RESULTS: Of 600 @entity1 , 150 each, were recruited from the district hospital and two health centres, respectively, and 300 controls from 51 chemical shops. Overall, 103 (17.2  %) @entity1 tested slide positive for @entity311 . Specifically, 13.7  % (41/300) of chemical shop @entity1 , 30.7  % (46/150) health centre and 10.7  % (16/150) hospital @entity1 were slide positive. While it was the first option for care for 92.7  % (278/300) chemical shop @entity1 , 42.7  % (64/150) of health centre @entity1 first sought care from a chemical shop. More health centre @entity1 (61.3  %; 92/150) presented with @entity221 after more than 3  days than chemical shop @entity1 (27.7  %; 83/300) [AOR  =  0.19; p  <  0.001 CI 0.11-0.30]. Although the hospital was the first option for 83.3  % (125/150) of hospital @entity1 , most (63.3  %; 95/150) @entity1 arrived there over 3  days after their symptoms begun. Proximity was significantly associated with utilization of each source of care. Education, but not other socioeconomic or demographic factors were significantly associated with chemical shop use. CONCLUSIONS: The private drug retail sector is the first option for the majority of @entity1 , including poorer @entity1 , with @entity221 in this setting. Most @entity1 with @entity221 arrive at chemical shops with less delay and fewer signs of severity than at public health facilities. Improving chemical shop skills is a good opportunity to diagnose, treat or refer @entity1 with @entity221 early.

title: Factors influencing choice of care-seeking for acute XXXX comparing private chemical shops with health centres and hospitals in Ghana: a study using case-control methodology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'People']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Executive control processes such as task switching and error processing have been shown to change with age. The present study explored from a developmental perspective whether shared or different mechanisms underlie these processes. METHODS: The sample included 180 @entity1 (30 in each of the six age groups from 6-11 years) who were required to perform two different tasks: identification of a digit, or counting the number of digits. We computed switch costs as a function of response-repetition, stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility, and @entity73 . We also analyzed reaction time distributions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results showed a switch cost in the response-repetition condition, with a reduction in switch cost between 7 to 8 and 9 to 10 years of age, and an S-R compatibility effect in 6 to 9 years old @entity1 . @entity137 ( @entity137 ) distributions showed that the decrement in the switch cost is due to the overall decrease in RTs in fast (5th percentile) trials in 9 to 11 year olds, and slow (95th percentile) trials in 7 to 8 and 9 to 11 years old @entity1 , in both the task switch and non-switch trials. A major reduction in @entity137 was found between 9 to 11 years in both the response type and S-R compatibility type conditions. @entity137 distributions for post-error trials revealed that the large decrement seen in 7 to 8 and 9 to 10 years old @entity1 is primarily due to the sudden decrease in RTs in the fast and slow trials respectively. The developmental pattern of error processing was similar to one component of task switching (switch cost of the response-repetition condition), indicating that inhibition could be a common mechanism underlying both the processes. However, the failure to maintain task set was found only with task switching. CONCLUSION: The development of task switching and error processing is not gradual. The developmental pattern of error processing is similar to that of the switch cost of the response-repetition condition in task switching, indicating that inhibition could be a common mechanism underlying both processes. The present results have implications for theories of executive control.

title: Development of task switching and @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['post-error-slowing']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Reaction time']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Oxidative stress is the major contributor to @entity1443 ( @entity1444 )-caused @entity409 . It promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress and collapses the mitochondrial membrane potential to cause cell death. We have previously shown that a @entity3978 extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ( @entity10146 ) potentiated the antioxidative effect. We further examined in this study the possible mechanism of @entity10146 against AAP-caused @entity409 . BABL/c @entity19 were orally fed with @entity10146 (100, 200 or 300 mg/kg) for two weeks prior to an i.p. injection of 1000 mg/kg of AAP. The @entity19 were decapitated 6 h after the AAP injection to collect the blood and liver for further determination. The results show that pretreating with @entity10146 increased the level of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), decreased the level of lipid peroxidation, and increased catalase activity in the liver. A histopathological evaluation shows that @entity10146 could decrease AAP-induced liver sterosis accompanied by a decreased expression of AIF, @entity1380 , @entity7348 , and p-JNK in the liver. An in vitro assay revealed that @entity10146 could reduce AAP-induced death of BABL/c normal liver cells (BNLs), reverse the lost mitochondrial potency and improve the antioxidative status, similarly to the results of the in vivo assay. We show in this study that @entity10146 possessed the ability to protect the liver from AAP-caused injury. The protective mechanism might be regulated by decreasing oxidative stress and attenuating the @entity2383 .

title: A XXXX extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ameliorates @entity1443 -induced hepatic steatosis by attenuating the @entity2383 in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity3978 :: (CHEBI:26195,Chemical) :: ['polyphenol']


abstract: @entity8665 (L) and @entity7695 (Z) are the dominant carotenoids within the central retina (there, termed macular pigment, @entity2468 ) and brain (approximately 70% of total carotenoid concentration). Past studies have shown that @entity2468 is related to many static indicators of visual performance, such as visibility and disability glare. It has also been shown that @entity2468 is related to a dynamic measure of visual performance, the @entity3124 ( @entity3124 ). In this study, we examine whether @entity2468 is related to @entity3124 in a larger sample. We also test the relation between @entity2468 and the more complete temporal contrast sensitivity function (TCSF). A total of 70 @entity1 were assessed for a comparison of @entity2468 and the full temporal function. A separate pool of 354 @entity1 was assessed for a @entity2468 and @entity3124 comparison. Peak @entity2468 density was measured psychophysically (via heterochromatic flicker photometry) using a 1-degree diameter test. @entity3124 was measured using a 1-degree 570 nm test varied at 100% modulation. The full TCSF was measured centrally using a 1-degree, 660 nm test (the modulation depth of which could be adjusted directly by the subject) centered within a 5.5-degree, 660 nm surround. A small fixation point was used to test a 7-degree parafoveal site. @entity2468 density was positively related to temporal function as assessed by the full TCSF in the center (n = 70, r = -0.29, p < 0.01) but not at the parafoveal location (p < 0.07). @entity2468 was also positively related to critical flicker fusion thresholds (n = 354, r = 0.21, p < 0.0001).

title: The relation between the macular carotenoids, @entity8665 and XXXX , and temporal vision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical flicker fusion threshold', 'CFF']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

answer: @entity7695 :: (MESH:C005881,Chemical) :: ['zeaxanthin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the functional roles of differentially expressed proteins in the amniotic fluid supernatant (AFS) with abnormal karyotypes. DESIGN: Basic and clinical research. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): Samples of AFS from 34 fetuses with normal-karyotype, 17 with trisomy 18, and 19 with trisomy 21. INTERVENTION(S): Two-dimensional chromatography followed by mass spectrometry to identify the proteins differentially expressed in AFS of @entity7440 or @entity1467 fetuses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Differentially expressed proteins were confirmed with Western blot analysis and ELISA. The roles of biologic networks in the pathophysiology of @entity2007 were analyzed using MetaCore mapping tools. RESULT(S): Levels of apolipoprotein A1, AP-3mu, and antitrypsin were significantly decreased in @entity7440 AFS, whereas @entity7216 was increased. On the other hand, apolipoprotein A1 was decreased in @entity1467 AFS, but antitrypsin, prealbumin, and @entity69 were increased in trisomy 21. Biologic network analyses revealed that the proteins of the @entity7440 AFS network were involved in immune processes, dysfunction of skin pigmentation, and @entity1423 , whereas those of trisomy 21 were associated with dysfunctional lipid and @entity165 metabolism, processes of metal ion transport, @entity855 metabolism, and energy-coupled protein transport. CONCLUSION(S): The combined use of quantitative proteomics and functional network analyses may integrally analyze the pathophysiology of abnormal karyotypes.

title: Network analyses of differentially expressed proteins in amniotic fluid supernatant associated with abnormal XXXX karyotypes.

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidies']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet disorders']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The authors describe a case of @entity5606 ( @entity5606 ) in a 17-year-old @entity1 that was determined by measuring the @entity5 volume during preoperative follow-up. The volume of the @entity5 located in the left occipital lobe, was measured every 1-5 months, using an image analysis software. The @entity5 volume doubling time (Td) ranged from 1.0 to 4.9 years in the first 11 months, but became 0.3 years in the last two months. The @entity5 grew rapidly in the last two months at which time surgery was performed. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen showed that the @entity5 contained @entity5606 ( @entity5606 ). @entity5606 were heterogeneously distributed in the @entity5 admixed with spindle-shaped cells. The areas where @entity5606 were predominant had malignant histological features, with @entity39 and high proliferation indices, whereas the areas with few @entity5606 lacked the malignant features. The @entity5 grew slowly in the initial phase, possibly because components with low proliferation rates occupied most of the @entity5 . The @entity5 began to grow rapidly when the malignant component containing abundant @entity5606 became predominant. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report monitoring the volumetric change of @entity5606 periodically. Our investigation indicated that volumetric analysis is useful to decide surgical intervention of the @entity1653 with potential @entity5 .

title: Volumetric analysis of a XXXX during preoperative follow-up. A case report.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdoid meningioma', 'rhabdoid cells', 'RM', 'RCs']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

answer: @entity5606 :: (MESH:D018335,Disease) :: ['rhabdoid meningioma']


abstract: In this work, the properties of @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) and @entity939 /chitosan blended membranes were investigated by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The @entity4653 photographs show the @entity939 /chitosan blended membrane undergoes dramatic changes on the surface and bulk structure during the membrane formation. The DSC analysis shows that @entity939 and chitosan are not very compatible in the @entity939 /chitosan blended membrane, whereas the combination of two polymer chains of constitutionally different features is revealed. In addition, the surface of the @entity939 /chitosan blended membrane is enriched with @entity1568 atoms at the ESCA analysis. These reflect the @entity939 membrane can be modified by blending with chitosan that in turn may affect the biocompatibility of the blended membrane. Therefore, adhesion and growth of fibroblasts on the @entity939 as well as @entity939 /chitosan blended membranes were investigated. Cell morphologies on the membranes were examined by @entity4653 and cell viability was studied using @entity98 assay. It was observed that the @entity939 /chitosan blended membrane was more favorable for the cell culture than the pure @entity939 membrane. Cells cultured on the @entity939 /chitosan blended membrane had good spreading, cytoplasm webbing and flattening and were more compacting than on the pure @entity939 membrane. Consequently, the @entity939 /chitosan blended membrane may spatially mediate cellular response that can promote cell attachment and growth, indicating the @entity939 /chitosan blended membrane should be useful as a biomaterial for cell culture.

title: Properties of the XXXX /chitosan blend and its effect on the culture of fibroblast in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(vinyl alcohol)']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['poly(vinyl alcohol)']


abstract: @entity4777 is an @entity1112 caused by the absence or reduced activity of coagulation factor IX ( @entity4682 ). Here, we report a double mutation in the @entity4682 gene (F9) in a Japanese @entity1 with severe @entity4777 . @entity4682 activity ( @entity4682 :C) was measured with a one-step functional assay. @entity4682 antigen ( @entity4682 :Ag) levels were determined by ELISA. Genomic DNA was amplified by PCR with Taq DNA polymerase. Purified products were sequenced with a Thermo Sequenase Pre-mixed Cycle Sequencing Kit. To determine whether the sequence changes were a mutation or polymorphism, PCR products from 54 Japanese individuals were investigated using PCR-Ase I restriction enzyme digestion. Both @entity4682 :C and @entity4682 :Ag levels in the @entity1 were below 1%. Levels of @entity4682 :C and @entity4682 :Ag in the @entity1 's mother were 42% and 46% of normal, respectively. Sequence analysis of F9 of the @entity1 revealed two distinct mutations. The first mutation was a @entity33183 in exon7, which caused a @entity33184 in the region which encodes the protease domain of @entity4682 . The @entity1 's mother was heterozygous for this mutation. This substitution was not detected by restriction enzyme digestion from 54 Japanese alleles. The second mutation was a 2-bp deletion in exon 2 (nt. 6396-6399, del. AG). The @entity1 's mother was also heterozygous for this deletion. The authors identified a rare double mutation of a 2-bp deletion and @entity33184 in the F9 of a @entity1 with severe @entity4777 . The @entity33184 was confirmed as a novel missense mutation of F9.

title: [Double mutation, a 2-bp deletion and XXXX , in the blood coagulation factor IX gene of a @entity1 with severe @entity4777 ].

entities_list: @entity33183 :: ('c|SUB|G|30084|A', 'DNAMutation') :: ['G-to-A transition at position 30084']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity33184 :: ('p|SUB|V|211|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val211Ile']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B', 'Hemophilia B']

answer: @entity33184 :: (p|SUB|V|211|I,ProteinMutation) :: ['Val211Ile']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) represent 2 of the leading causes of @entity204 in the United States. The early recognition of risk factors and event symptoms allows for the mitigation of disability or @entity204 . We sought to compare subject knowledge of @entity64 and @entity583 , assess subject risk for @entity65 , and determine if an association exists between knowledge and risk. METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, adult, non-health care professionals were presented with a written knowledge test and risk assessment tool. Subjects were classified into 3 categories of cardiovascular risk. Associations were then calculated between knowledge, risk, and population demographics. RESULTS: Of 500 subjects approached, 364 were enrolled. The subjects were mostly white, middle-aged, and high school educated. Gender and income were evenly distributed. Forty-eight (14%) subjects were identified as ideal risk, 130 (38%) as low risk, and 168 (49%) as moderate/high risk. @entity583 and @entity64 knowledge scores decreased as cardiovascular risk increased (85%, 79%, and 73% for ideal, low, and moderate/high risk groups, respectively; P < .001). In addition, regardless of risk category, @entity64 knowledge scores were always lower than @entity299 knowledge scores. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge about @entity64 and @entity583 was modest, with knowledge of @entity583 exceeding that of @entity64 at every level of risk. Subjects with higher risk were less knowledgeable about the @entity64 signs, symptoms, and risk factors than those of @entity583 .

title: The relationship between knowledge and risk for @entity299 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Observation following gross-total resection (GTR) for non-anaplastic @entity424 is often advocated based on small, retrospective series. The purpose of this study is to perform a population-based analysis to examine outcomes for this rare cohort of low-risk @entity1 . A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program of the United States National @entity5 Institute. We identified @entity1 with supratentorial @entity424 who underwent GTR alone or GTR followed by radiation. We identified 92 @entity1 who met these criteria. The median age was 17.5 years (range 1-83) with the majority female (58 %) and white (75 %). Radiotherapy (RT) was delivered in half of @entity1 . The 5-/10-year Kaplan-Meier estimated @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and cause-specific survival (CSS) for the overall cohort was 83.2/71.4 and 84.1/78.0 %, respectively. There was no evidence of decreased CSS (HR 0.52 [0.18-1.51]; p = 0.23) or @entity1349 (HR 0.63 [0.25-1.59]; p = 0.33) with the omission of RT on univariate analysis. Age >= 18 years correlated with worse @entity1349 (HR 4.01 [1.45-11.11]; p = 0.008) and CSS (HR 2.86 [0.99-8.31]; p = 0.05). RT did not impact outcome for this low-risk cohort of @entity1 . Older age correlates with poor prognosis.

title: Supratentorial gross-totally resected XXXX : population based patterns of care and outcomes analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['non-anaplastic ependymoma', 'supratentorial ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['non-anaplastic ependymoma']


abstract: Up to 15% of @entity1 with NSTEMI present at admission with @entity712 . Scientific evidence for its management is limited but much progress has been made during the last years. Our purpose was to review the last data concerning @entity712 in NSTEMI and perform an update on the subject, with the following findings as main highlights. As Killip classes III and IV, Killip class II onset in the context of NSTEMI has also proven bad prognosis significance. Beta-blocker therapy has proven benefit to @entity1 with Killip class II in observational studies and small trials. @entity1289 inhibitor therapy shows stronger evidence of benefit in @entity1 with @entity712 than in @entity1 without it. @entity14292 is indicated for @entity1 with @entity1002 and @entity712 or @entity6 . Implantable cardioverter defibrillators improve survival in @entity1 with severe @entity67 after a @entity583 . Cardiac resynchronization therapy indications must be carefully assessed due to the high rate of implants that do not fulfill guidelines indications. In conclusion, @entity712 during a NSTEMI is a common and meaningful situation which warrants careful management and further investigation to reach stronger evidence for clinical recommendations.

title: XXXX and non-ST-segment elevation @entity583 : a review for a widespread situation.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['Eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) are a representative animal model for disturbance of the @entity774 , as well as disturbance of the autonomic nervous system. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we showed that adrenalectomy in SHR-induced spontaneous @entity2275 formation. We further investigated how abnormal adrenal secretion is related to the attenuation of gastric ulcerogenesis, in terms of leucocyte infiltration and @entity842 (NO) formation. Bilateral adrenalectomy, as well as a sham-operation, were carried out at 12 weeks in @entity101 SHR and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and observations were made three weeks later. The number of @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) positive cells, @entity1110 diaphorase histochemistry and NO synthase (NOS) activity were determined in gastric specimens. Only in adrenalectomized, but not sham-operated SHR, WKY and adrenalectomized WKY, could gastric ulcers be observed. Although the number of cells positive for @entity1589 was significantly lower in @entity101 SHR than those in WKY, such cells were increased after adrenalectomy in SHR. In contrast, adrenalectomized WKY developed no increase in @entity1589 -positive numbers. The number of @entity1110 diaphorase-positive cells increased after adrenalectomy in both strains, the extent of which was much greater in SHR than in WKY. Although NOS activity in SHR was lower than that in WKY, it was significantly increased after adrenalectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the development of a significant @entity2275 may be associated with entrapment of activated leucocytes in the gastric mucosa, as well as with an excessive production of NO in adrenalectomized SHR. An enhanced adrenal glucocorticoid may be a key factor for protecting the gastric mucosa in SHR.

title: Protective role of adrenal glucocorticoids for gastric mucosa in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer', 'gastric ulceration']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of overjet size and lip coverage on the prevalence and severity of incisor @entity130 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Dental records made on presentation of 1,367 @entity1 were examined for data concerning the prevalence, type and severity of incisor @entity130 . Original overjet was measured on the pre-treatment study models and divided into two categories: normal overjet (0-3.0 mm) and @entity2632 (> 3.0 mm). Lip coverage of the upper incisors was estimated with reference to photographs showing the @entity1 's face and was then rated as adequate or inadequate. The @entity1 were then divided into three groups: normal original overjet and adequate lip coverage (Group 1), increased original overjet and adequate lip coverage (Group 2), and increased original overjet and inadequate lip coverage (Group 3). RESULTS: Group 1 @entity1 revealed a significantly lower prevalence of @entity130 than those in Group 2 (p = 0.028) or Group 3 (p = 0.003), and the odds ratios compared to Group 1 were 1.6634 for Group 2 and 2.0336 for Group 3. Regarding the type of @entity130 , Group 3 @entity1 showed a significantly higher frequency of periodontal @entity130 than those in Group 1 (p = 0.018) or Group 2 (p = 0.015). Furthermore, Group 3 @entity1 had significantly more in juries to two or more teeth per @entity1 than @entity1 in Group 1 (p < 0.001) or Group 2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage increase the risk and severity of incisor @entity130 . Early orthodontic treatment might prevent dental @entity130 in these @entity1 .

title: Influence of overjet and lip coverage on the prevalence and severity of incisor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['increased overjet']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this non-interventional study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity12594 ER under real life conditions. @entity1 AND METHODS: The treatment of 5,565 @entity1 with urge @entity322 , urgency or mixed @entity322 was documented over a 12-week period. @entity322 episodes, voiding frequency and voided volume were recorded at 3 visits (admission, after 4 and 12 weeks). Additionally the tolerability was evaluated at visits 2 and 3. RESULTS: The average @entity322 episodes/24 h decreased during therapy from 4.23 to 2.89. The frequency of micturitions/24 h decreased by 5.50. The voided volume improved by 69 ml. Approximately 92 % of investigators and @entity1 assessed the efficacy similarly with "very good" and "good". @entity2133 was the most frequent adverse drug reaction and decreased from 16.5 % after 4 weeks to 13.6 % after 12 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION: The efficacy and tolerability of @entity12594 ER were confirmed under real life conditions.

title: [Therapy of overactive bladder with XXXX ER: results of a non-interventional study with a @entity12594 retard formulation and comparison to clinical studies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12594 :: ('MESH:C015586', 'Chemical') :: ['propiverine']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'Incontinence']

answer: @entity12594 :: (MESH:C015586,Chemical) :: ['propiverine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity2146 is a serious complication of @entity161 and @entity162 , which may escalate quickly to @entity146 . Rapid treatment is therefore important to calm and stabilize the @entity1 , reducing the potential for harm to the @entity1 and others, and allowing further assessment. Current guidelines suggest that where pharmacologic intervention is indicated, medication should preferably be non-invasive, should have a rapid onset and should control @entity146 in the short term without compromising the physician- @entity1 relationship in the long term. OBJECTIVES: This article presents an overview of a new inhaled formulation of the established antipsychotic @entity12902 , which aims to provide a more rapidly acting agent for the treatment of acute @entity2146 without the disadvantages of intramuscular or intravenous injection. DISCUSSION: Inhaled @entity12902 is rapidly absorbed with intravenous-like pharmacokinetics, with a time to maximum plasma concentration of 2   minutes and a plasma half life of approximately 6   hours. In Phase III studies, @entity12902 reduced @entity2146 within 10   minutes of inhalation; @entity2146 was decreased at all subsequent assessments during a 24-hour evaluation period. Inhaled @entity12902 was generally well tolerated with no undue sedation. The most common adverse events were @entity2342 , mild sedation, and @entity1296 . Inhaled @entity12902 is contraindicated in @entity1 with @entity565 , @entity1030 or other @entity358 associated with @entity5143 . CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled @entity12902 rapidly reduces acute @entity2146 in @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity162 and is generally well tolerated. The non-invasive route of delivery respects the @entity1 's autonomy, reducing the perception of coercion or forced medication. Inhaled @entity12902 is therefore an effective and appropriate option for use in the emergency setting in @entity1 with acute @entity2146 .

title: Inhaled @entity12902 for the urgent treatment of acute @entity2146 associated with XXXX or @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['dysgeusia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']