abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7984 is a kinase that is upregulated in a subset of metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 . @entity8096 potently inhibits @entity7984 activation. We have noted a relationship between @entity7984 expression and directional motility, a cellular process related to @entity3 . As such we hypothesized that treatment with @entity8096 would increase the time required to develop new metastatic lesions. METHODS: @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 that had progressed after @entity1205 were eligible for enrollment. This study was executed as a randomized discontinuation trial. During a lead-in phase of two 28-Day cycles, all @entity1 received @entity8096 . Afterward, @entity1 with radiographically stable disease were randomized to either @entity8096 or placebo. @entity1 continued treatment until evidence of new @entity3 . RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 were treated. Only 26% of @entity1 had stable disease after 8 weeks and thus proceeded to randomization. This required early termination of the study for futility. The 70% of @entity1 who progressed after the lead-in phase exhibited expansion of existing lesions or decompensation due to clinical progression without new metastatic lesions. Fatigue was reported in more than 25% of @entity1 (all grades) with only two @entity1 experiencing grade 3 @entity137 . Other grade 3 adverse events included @entity2700 , @entity882 , and @entity425 . CONCLUSIONS: This study was unable to determine if @entity8096 had potential as @entity3 inhibitor. @entity3 inhibition by @entity8096 may still be viable in an earlier time in the disease history. Prostate    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity8096 as a XXXX inhibitor in metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 : A University of Chicago Phase 2 Consortium and DOD/PCF Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium Study.

entities_list: @entity8096 :: ('MESH:C515233', 'Chemical') :: ['Saracatinib', 'saracatinib']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: During 1981-1985, 1306 @entity1 were admitted to Ga-Rankuwa Hospital due to acute @entity4968 . The major causes were @entity982 (59.0%) and traditional medicines (15.8%). The mortality from paraffin was low (2.1%), but @entity4968 from traditional medicine resulted in a high mortality (15.2%) and accounted for 51.7% of all @entity204 . The traditional healer was the main source (83.4%), of traditional medicines, while 11.6% was bought from African medicine shops. The rest was acquired from other sources. In 82.5% of cases traditional medicines were taken orally, and in 10.5% of cases they were administered as an enema. Poisoning by traditional medicines was always accidental and probably due to overdosage. Vomiting, @entity294 , and @entity490 were the most frequently encountered symptoms while the lungs, liver, and central nervous system were commonly affected. Treatment consisted of ventilation, intravenous fluids, and other palliative measures. A great deal of secrecy still surrounds traditional medicine, hampering rational therapy. Questioning of @entity1 and interviews with traditional healers facilitated the identification of a number of major etiological agents. This elucidated the problem and should promote effective treatment.

title: Aspects of XXXX with traditional medicines in southern Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: @entity3001 is a tick-borne @entity24553 that may affect the heart. Cardiac manifestations include conduction disturbances and other pathologies of the heart. We report on a 37-year old male, who was admitted to the emergency department because of @entity1296 and generalized tiredness. Physical examination and the initial laboratory values revealed no abnormalities. The @entity1 's electrocardiogram on admission revealed newly diagnosed @entity1168 due to @entity616 . The ventricular heart rate was 35/min. The @entity1 was admitted to the ICU. Lyme serology and Western blot were positive for @entity12732 antibodies. After institution of antibiotic therapy with @entity2756 , @entity616 resolved rapidly. We therefore have to assume that in this @entity1 Lyme @entity2401 was the cause of third-degree @entity713 .

title: Complete @entity713 in Lyme XXXX : an important differential diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity24553 :: ('MESH:D013145', 'Disease') :: ['spirochetal infection']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular heart block']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['carditis']


abstract: Gene methylation is an important molecular event in prostate carcinogenesis that may have diagnostic and prognostic significance. We evaluated the methylation status of eight genes implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. DNA was extracted from archived paraffin-embedded @entity5 blocks from 90 @entity263 @entity1 . Gene methylation status of eight genes ( @entity4191 , @entity15893 , RARbeta2, @entity1759 , @entity1627 , @entity5962 , @entity10784 , and @entity5689 ) was determined using real-time methylation-sensitive PCR techniques. Differences in gene methylation among race, @entity5 grade and disease stage were evaluated by chi-square test. Of the eight genes, @entity4191 , @entity15893 , and RARbeta2 methylation was highly prevalent across @entity5 (>60% for all three genes) whereas @entity1759 , @entity5962 and @entity1627 methylation was less prevalent (33, 24 and 29%, respectively). @entity10784 and @entity5689 were not methylated in any of the @entity5 examined. Methylation of RARbeta2, @entity1759 and @entity5962 was correlated with @entity5 grade but not stage. Interestingly, methylation of @entity1627 , a gene involved in angiogenesis, was correlated with stage of disease but not @entity5 grade. With the possible exception of @entity1759 , we did not observe differences in gene methylation between racial categories for the genes under study. In summary, our data suggest that evaluation of the methylation of a panel of genes may have diagnostic and prognostic utility in @entity263 .

title: A survey of gene-specific methylation in XXXX @entity263 among black and white @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6602 ( @entity6602 ) is a rare @entity74 that affects the degradation of branched chain @entity1522 (BCAAs). Only a few cases of @entity6602 have been documented in Mainland China, and prenatal diagnosis has not been performed so far. In this report, 8 @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ) with @entity6602 from 8 unrelated Chinese families were diagnosed at the age of 9 days to 1 year and 8 months. The diagnosis was confirmed by serum BCAAs and genetic analyses. Among the 8 @entity1 , only one was detected by newborn screening. The remaining 7 @entity1 were admitted because of @entity16 and underwent selective screening. Significantly elevated BCAAs were observed in 7 @entity1 . One @entity1 was diagnosed by post-mortem study. 13 mutations were found in the @entity6603 , @entity3418 and DBT genes. 12 of these mutations were novel: @entity6604 , @entity6605 , @entity6606 , @entity6607 , @entity6608 and @entity3608 in @entity6603 ; @entity6609 , @entity6610 , @entity6611 , @entity6612 and @entity6613 in @entity3418 ; and @entity6614 in DBT. Only one mutation, @entity6606 in the @entity6603 gene, had been previously reported. 7 @entity1 were treated by dietary intervention and symptomatic therapy. 6 of them showed clinical improvement. The mother of one @entity1 who died from @entity6602 underwent amniocentesis during her second pregnancy. The BCAAs level in her amniotic fluid was normal. Only one heterozygous mutation, @entity6613 in the @entity3418 gene, was detected in the cultured amniocytes. The results revealed that the fetus was not affected by @entity6602 . Normal development and the blood BCAAs profile confirmed the prenatal diagnosis after birth. Thus, we identified twelve novel mutations associated with @entity6602 in the Chinese population. Prenatal diagnosis of @entity6602 was successfully performed on one fetus by genetic analysis of the cultured amniocytes.

title: Twelve novel mutations of the @entity6603 , XXXX and DBT genes associated with @entity6602 in the Chinese population: Report on eight cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'girls', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3608 :: ('c|DEL|IVS6+1|G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['IVS6+1delG']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity6602 :: ('MESH:D008375', 'Disease') :: ['MSUD', 'Maple syrup urine disease']

answer: @entity3418 :: (594,Gene) :: ['BCKDHB']


abstract: If insufficiently treated, @entity3001 can evolve into an @entity32 affecting skin, joints, and the CNS. Early innate immunity may determine host responses @entity281 . Thus, we sought to characterize the immediate cytokine storm associated with exposure of PBMC to moderate levels of live @entity2069 . Since Th17 cytokines are connected to host defense against extracellular bacteria, we focused on interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22. Here, we report that, despite induction of inflammatory cytokines including IL-23, IL-17 remained barely detectable in response to @entity2069 . In contrast, T cell-dependent expression of IL-22 became evident within 10 h of exposure to the spirochetes. This dichotomy was unrelated to interferon-y but to a large part dependent on caspase-1 and IL-1 bioactivity derived from monocytes. In fact, IL-1b as a single stimulus induced IL-22 but not IL-17. Neutrophils display antibacterial activity against @entity2069 , particularly when opsonized by antibodies. Since @entity32 , indicative of IL-17 bioactivity, is scarcely observed in @entity8831 , a manifestation of @entity32 after infection, protective and antibacterial properties of IL-22 may close this gap and serve essential functions in the initial phase of @entity24553 .

title: Early production of IL-22 but not IL-17 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to live XXXX : the role of monocytes and interleukin-1.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder', 'skin inflammation', 'neutrophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi', 'Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['Erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['targeting infection']

entities_list: @entity24553 :: ('MESH:D013145', 'Disease') :: ['spirochete infection']

answer: @entity2069 :: (139,Species) :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']


abstract: Several studies, most recently the Starnberg Study on Epidemiology of @entity304 and @entity101 in the Elderly (STEPHY), have shown that BP is not adequately controlled in a substantial proportion of treated @entity101 @entity1 . This finding highlights the need for new treatment strategies that are sufficiently effective throughout the dosing interval, well tolerated, and available in a convenient, once-daily regimen. Monotherapy with any individual drug class is often unable to fulfil all of these criteria in more than a minority of @entity1 . In contrast, once-daily therapy with rational combinations of antihypertensive drugs offers a promising approach to improving treatment of @entity101 . The highly vascular selective @entity460 antagonist @entity10202 and the cardioselective beta-blocker @entity1406 have complementary mechanisms of action, making them appropriate for use together in the management of @entity101 . A new extended-release (ER) formulation, combining @entity10202 , 5 mg, and @entity1406 , 50 mg*, has therefore been developed. This formulation has been shown to provide significantly greater reductions and higher antihypertensive response rates than either agent used alone. This high efficacy is achieved with maintained good tolerability. In comparative trials, @entity10202 - @entity1406 has also been shown to be more effective than combination treatment with @entity594 and @entity2165 , or @entity3371 and @entity918 . It is concluded that the @entity10202 - @entity1406 ER tablet offers predictably high 24 h antihypertensive response rates from a convenient and well-tolerated once-daily dose.

title: Improving the therapeutic balance between efficacy and tolerability in antihypertensive drugs--the rationale and benefits of combining @entity10202 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['felodipine']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity1406 :: (MESH:D008790,Chemical) :: ['metoprolol']


abstract: An analytical method was established for the determination of @entity15361 , @entity15362 and @entity15363 in Taiwan green jujubes (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam) by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). The sample was extracted with @entity1626 from the Taiwan green jujubes after treated with a homogenizer. The organic phase was then separated from water phase by adding @entity1219 . The extract was further purified on a @entity505 / @entity2733 cartridge with elution solvents of @entity1626 / @entity8336 (3:1, v/v). Finally, the target analytes were separated by a capillary gas chromatographic column SLB-5MS (30 m x 0. 25 mm x 0. 25  m). A tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in either full scan mode or in @entity15 / @entity15 mode for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the constituents, respectively. The results showed that the average recoveries of the three pesticides ranged from 75. 8% to 103. 6% with the RSDs of 1. 7%-9. 3% at the spiking levels from 0.01 mg/kg to 0. 50 mg/kg (n= 5). The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-0.50 mg/kg, with the determination coefficients over 0.99 (R2>0.99). The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.01 mg/kg for @entity15361 , @entity15362 and @entity15363 in Taiwan green jujubes. The method is available for the determination of @entity15361 , @entity15362 and @entity15363 pesticide residues in Taiwan green jujubes.

title: [Determination of @entity15361 , XXXX and @entity15363 pesticide residues in Taiwan green jujubes by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity15362 :: ('MESH:C087114', 'Chemical') :: ['tebuconazole']

entities_list: @entity15361 :: ('MESH:C002771', 'Chemical') :: ['propargite']

entities_list: @entity15363 :: ('MESH:C038267', 'Chemical') :: ['bromopropylate']

answer: @entity15362 :: (MESH:C087114,Chemical) :: ['tebuconazole']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity416 is an oral chemotherapeutic agent, already used in breast and @entity694 . Previous data showed encouraging results in the treatment of recurrent @entity43 . The aim of this study was to describe activity and @entity137 of @entity416 in @entity1 with @entity902 resistant or refractory @entity43 . METHODS: @entity1 were eligible if they had cytologically or histologically proven @entity43 , refractory or resistant to prior @entity902 -containing chemotherapy. @entity416 was administered at the dose of 1,250 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle for a maximum of six cycles. The primary end point of the study was activity in terms of objective response rate in according to RECIST criteria. A two-stage minimax design for phase II studies was used: at least four objective responses had to be reached among 32 evaluable @entity1 to define the treatment active. RESULTS: Between March 2006 and October 2007, 36 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 had @entity43 and 83.3% had previously received two or three lines of chemotherapy. Thirty-two @entity1 were evaluable for response and included in the activity analysis. The objective response rate was 3.1% [95% exact confidence interval (CI): 0.08-16.22%], lower than the threshold required to define the treatment as active. The median progression free survival was 68 days (95% CI: 65-120). @entity137 was not frequent. @entity390 and @entity1295 were common, but never severe, and they were observed in 13 (37.1%) and 12 (34.2%) @entity1 , respectively. @entity294 occurred in 11 @entity1 (31.5%) and it was of grade 3 in 8.6% of cases. Grade 1-2 @entity3136 was observed in seven @entity1 (20%). @entity65 was reported in two cases, including a death for @entity1151 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity416 is not active in @entity902 resistant non mucinous @entity43 , producing a response rate lower than that required by study design. Further trials are not warranted in these @entity1 .

title: A phase II study of @entity416 in the treatment of XXXX resistant or refractory to @entity902 therapy: a multicentre Italian @entity43 (MITO-6) trial.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Haematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular toxicity']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The influence of serum thymic factor ( @entity17243 ) on extrathymic leukaemogenesis induced in thymectomized AKR @entity19 by fractionated sub-lethal irradiation was studied. Thirty-day-old thymectomized @entity19 were submitted to four doses at weekly intervals (1.75 Gy) and thereafter treated with @entity17243 (1 ng) for 9 days. Two groups were restored with either bone marrow or spleen cells prior to @entity17243 treatment. In another group @entity19 were treated with @entity17243 (12 ng) for 1 month after thymectomy and prior to irradiation. Results indicated that primarily irradiation and @entity17243 , and, to a lesser extent, restoration and age of the @entity19 at the time of their first radiation exposure influenced leukaemogenesis. Irradiation increased the spontaneous low incidence of extrathymic @entity1778 (5%) up to 50%. Although nothing is yet known about the expression of endogenous retroviruses in thymectomized AKR @entity19 , the possible expression of leukaemogenic recombinants, either identical to or different from mink-cell-focus-inducing viruses (MCF), might explain this enhancing effect of radiation on leukaemogenesis. @entity19 developed two types of @entity1778 : "null" @entity1778 whose cells bore no detectable theta antigen or surface immunoglobulin, and @entity1778 . Among the @entity1778 , two kinds could be distinguished: "early" ones which were observed before 450 days, and in which BM and spleen were similarly involved, and "late" ones which displayed the same characteristics as @entity1778 , i.e. delayed appearance (after 450 days) and splenic origin. Although @entity17243 did not modify the overall frequency of @entity1778 , it increased significantly the incidence of the "early" null ones. It had no effect on the frequency or the latency of late null and @entity1778 . Any population of theta-negative T cells sensitive to @entity17243 could be an acceptable candidate for "early" null leukaemogenesis. The origin of "late" @entity1778 remains an open question.

title: Influence of serum thymic factor ( @entity17243 ) on radiation-induced leukaemogenesis in thymectomized AKR XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'null leukaemias', 'B leukaemias', 'leukaemias']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nanobacteria are thought to be a pathopoiesis bacterium in @entity5450 . We observed pathological changes in nanobacteria infected prostates in Sprague-Dawley( @entity5698 and investigated the possible etiological relationships of nanobacteria and @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We randomized 40 adult male @entity35 each to the control and model groups. @entity35 @entity1069 models were reproduced by infusing nanobacteria suspension transurethrally. @entity35 were sacrificed 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks later, respectively. Prostatic pathology, and the cytokines interleukin-1beta and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha were assessed. Nanobacteria isolation, culture and characterization were also analyzed. RESULTS: In model @entity35 we observed prostatic acute inflammatory changes 1 to 2 weeks after nanobacteria infusion and chronic inflammatory changes after 4 weeks. At 8 weeks we noted microcalculous formation in the prostatic glandular cavity in 7 of the 10 model @entity35 , which was not seen in controls. Interleukin-1beta and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha in prostatic tissues were higher in model @entity35 than in controls at different time points (p <0.01). In model @entity35 interleukin-1beta and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha were higher 2 weeks after infusion than at 1, 4 and 8 weeks (p <0.05). Prostatic tissue was nanobacteria positive in 35 model @entity35 and in 0 controls. CONCLUSIONS: Nanobacteria may be an important etiological factor for @entity263 .

title: Nanobacteria: a possible etiology for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['type III prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate infection']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological disease']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['type III prostatitis']


abstract: In this review we have surveyed recent investigations of early cellular events in @entity3794 both in animal models and in @entity1 diseases. Analysis of the interactions of the numerous cell types in the lung following injury is an almost overwhelmingly complex enterprise. In the animal models experimental design has a profound effect on results, making it difficult to compare studies when species, fibrogenic agent, dose, route of exposure, schedule of administration, time course, and analytical methods may not be equivalent. In @entity1 diseases we are rarely able to obtain data at precisely the same time point in the course of the disease even among @entity1 in the same study, and possible confounding variables present are legion. Transcending these difficulties for the moment, can we draw any conclusions from our current knowledge of early cellular interactions in @entity3794 ? What is striking is not that there are so many agents that can potentially induce @entity3794 , but that the lung has such capabilities for recovery. Although the major effector cells may all initially participate in damaging the lung and initiating @entity82 , there is evidence that they may also have the capacity to participate in subsequent repair. Macrophages may initially recruit fibroblasts and stimulate them to proliferate, only to suppress them subsequently. Macrophage production of @entity2918 can lead to suppression of macrophage, neutrophil and lymphocyte responses, thus attenuating tissue injury and the development of @entity82 . Neutrophils may initially release toxic metabolites and enzymes that damage parenchyma. However, there is evidence that they may later play a role in attenuating @entity82 , perhaps through collagenase secretion, or through as yet unknown mechanisms. Lymphocytes may initially participate in a number of damaging ways by secreting chemoattractants for other cells and participating in destructive autoimmune processes. However, there is evidence that subpopulations of T cells may dramatically shift during the course of @entity82 , leading to attenuation of the process. It may thus be useful to consider irreversible @entity3794 as the end result of a process in which the balance of normal injury/repair mechanisms is disrupted. There is clearly no single "fibrogenic event." Rather, there seem to be a number of places where disruption of balance/repair processes may begin. In diseases of unknown etiology such as @entity370 or @entity2416 , loss of control may occur at the genetic level, leading to the destructive @entity3794 that is the apparent precursor of @entity82 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Early cellular events in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis', 'alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: Sporulation of the @entity6739 @entity6739 is a developmental process that generates gametes and that includes the formation of spore envelope precursors called the forespore membranes. Assembly and development of forespore membranes require vesicular trafficking from other intracellular membrane compartments. We have shown that @entity4357 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase) is required for efficient and proper development of forespore membranes. The role of a FYVE domain protein, Sst4p, a homolog of Vps27p/Hrs, as a downstream factor for PtdIns 3-kinase in sporulation was investigated. sst4Delta asci formed spores with oval-shaped morphology and with reduced viability compared to that of the wild-type spores. The extension of forespore membranes was inefficient, and bubble-like structures emerged from the leading edges of the forespore membranes. Sst4p localization was examined using fluorescent protein fusions and was found to be adjacent to the forespore membranes during sporulation. The localization and function of Sst4p were dependent on its FYVE domain and on PtdIns 3-kinase. Sst4p colocalized and interacted with @entity14639 , a homolog of @entity375 @entity14639 and of @entity1 @entity14640 . Mutations in all three UIM domains of the Sst4p/ @entity14639 complex resulted in formation of spores with abnormal morphology. These results suggest that Sst4p is a downstream factor of PtdIns 3-kinase and functions in forespore membrane formation.

title: XXXX Sst4p, a conserved Vps27/Hrs homolog, functions downstream of @entity4357 3-kinase Pik3p to mediate proper spore formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe', 'fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7138 Background. Although @entity902 based chemotherapy (CT) regimens are the standard of therapy in first line @entity1149 , a subset of @entity1 are ineligible to receive such agents. @entity1205 and @entity1206 are each active agents in @entity1149 and when combined may provide enhanced activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combination therapy when administered on a Q2W schedule with @entity17083 support. METHODS: This multi-center, community based study was conducted in 10 sites that enrolled 61 CT na  ve @entity1 with Stage IIIb/IV @entity1149 . Treatment consisted of @entity1206 45mg/m(2)and @entity1205 60mg/m(2) D1 and Filgrastim 5 mcg/kg D2 -D14 repeated Q2W for 8 cycles. @entity1 were evaluated for response at the end of cycles 2, 5 and 8. Confirmed response was defined as complete or partial response (CR, PR) based upon two or more evaluations, while best response was defined as the best of the three evaluations. We report response rate and Kaplan-Meier estimate (95%CL) of time to disease progression and one-year survival. RESULTS: Of 61 enrolled @entity1 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30% to 54%) achieved either CR or PR as best response; and 13% (95% CI, 9% to 17%) of @entity1 had a confirmed response. Median time to disease progression was 160 days. With a median follow-up time of 14.2 months, the estimated median survival time is 14.1 months (95% CI lower bound, 8.5), and the 1-year survival rate is 57% (95% CI, 44% to 70%). Five @entity1 (8%) experienced @entity1398 (ANC < 500/mm(3) plus body temperature >= 38.2  C). Overall calculated dose intensity (delivered/planned dose x 100) was 95% for @entity1206 and 93% for @entity1205 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1205 and @entity1206 can be delivered with high dose intensity with Filgrastim support. Additionally in this multi-center non-controlled study completed in a community setting, an interesting 1-year and overall median survival is observed and supports further evaluation. [Table: see text].

title: Prospective multi-center phase II trial of @entity1205 and @entity1206 with @entity17083 support in subjects with advanced @entity1149 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17083 :: ('MESH:C554038', 'Chemical') :: ['Filgrastim']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: CONCLUSION: It is suggested that transoral complete excision is the ideal treatment for adult @entity45 to avoid life-threatening acute @entity1224 and disease recurrence. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to review the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of @entity45 in adults. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital from January 2009 to December 2014. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 (>=  19-years-of-age) with a @entity45 were identified. Most of the @entity1 had minimal or no symptoms at diagnosis. The presence of a @entity45 was confirmed in all of the @entity1 by fiberoptic laryngoscopy. All of the cases with a @entity45 were treated by the transoral surgical procedure. Recurrence of the @entity45 was identified in two (22.2%) @entity1 . One @entity1 had been disease-free after the third operation through the transoral approach. Another @entity1 who underwent marsupialization has been observed without surgery. There were no major complications resulting from surgical intervention.

title: Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['vallecular cyst', 'vallecular cysts']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['vallecular cysts']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the risk factors of @entity1207 ( @entity1207 ) after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for primary or secondary @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2003 to March 2009, SBRT was performed on 117 @entity1 (32 @entity1 before 2005 and 85 @entity1 after 2006) with @entity2 (primary = 74 @entity1 and metastatic/recurrent = 43 @entity1 ) in our institution. In the current study, the results on cases with severe @entity1207 (grades 4-5) were evaluated. Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 ( @entity2355 ) and serum @entity9914 ( @entity9914 ) were used to predict the incidence of @entity1207 . A shadow of @entity401 ( @entity401 ) on the CT image before performing SBRT was also used as an indicator for @entity1207 . Since 2006, @entity1 have been prescreened for biological markers ( @entity2355 _ @entity9914 ) as well as checking for an @entity401 -shadow in CT. RESULTS: Grades 4-5 @entity1207 was observed in nine @entity1 (7.7%) after SBRT and seven of these cases (6.0%) were grade 5 in our institution. A correlation was found between the incidence of @entity1207 and higher serum @entity2355 _ @entity9914 levels. @entity401 -shadow in @entity1 's CT was also found to correlate well with the severe @entity1207 . Severe @entity1207 was reduced from 18.8% before 2005 to 3.5% after 2006 (p = 0.042). There was no correlation between the dose volume histogram parameters and these severe @entity1207 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 presenting with an @entity401 shadow in the CT and a high value of the serum @entity2355 _ @entity9914 before SBRT treatment developed @entity1207 at a high rate. The reduction of @entity1207 incidence in @entity1 treated after 2006 may have been attributed to prescreening of the @entity1 . Therefore, pre-screening before SBRT for an @entity401 shadow in CT and serum @entity2355 _ @entity9914 is recommended in the management and treatment of @entity1 with primary or secondary @entity2 .

title: Prescreening based on the presence of CT-scan abnormalities and biomarkers ( @entity2355 and XXXX ) may reduce @entity1207 after stereotactic radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity9914 :: ('6441', 'Gene') :: ['Surfactant protein-D', 'SP-D']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['severe radiation pneumonitis', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis', 'IP']

answer: @entity9914 :: (6441,Gene) :: ['SP-D']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the short PCR fragment 10-line probe assay (SPF10-LiPA) system in detection of @entity1082 ) in abnormal Papanicolaou-stained cervicovaginal smears. STUDY DESIGN: We included 20 abnormal Papanicolaou-stained cervicovaginal smears. Samples were tested for HPV DNA detection and genotyping using the SPF10-LiPA system. RESULTS: All samples amplified the INF150 gene control. In 2 of 20 cases, amplification of the viral sequences was negative. Of processed samples, 18 of 20 presented @entity1083 ; of them, 56% showed only 1 type of @entity1083 ; the remaining presented > or = 2 types of HPV ( @entity281 ). @entity1799 was the most frequent specific viral in 60%, in single and @entity281 , followed by HPV18 (20%), HPV6 (10%) and HPV58 (10%). We also found HR-HPV45, 52, 58 and 68 and LR-HPV6, 11 and 70 viral DNA types. These @entity281 were detected with greater frequencies in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and in the low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. CONCLUSION: The SPF10-LiPA system is efficient, sensitive, fast and simple for detecting and genotyping HPV DNA in abnormal Papanicolaou-stained cervicovaginal smears, which could be enormously useful in routine investigation for better clinical management of the @entity1 .

title: Detection and genotyping of XXXX DNA using polymerase chain reaction short PCR fragment 10-line probe assay in abnormal Papanicolaou-stained cervicovaginal smears.

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the incidence and causes of mortality of orthopaedic and @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: Between March 1995 and October 2000, there were 594 (404 females) in- @entity1 deaths (2.8%) with a mean age of 82.14 years (range, 21-102 years) out of 21,122 acute admissions. The cause of @entity204 and details of the acute episode were collected from the hospital records, @entity204 certificates and postmortem examinations. Data collected were computerised and analysed using the Astute statistical package, University of Leeds. RESULTS: The most common primary diagnosis on admission was @entity174 neck of femur 392 (69.1%; P = 0.001). In total, 443 (78.1%) @entity1 underwent surgical intervention of their injuries prior to mortality with 21 @entity1 (4.7%) dying on the same day of the operation. The mean number of days between the initial surgical intervention and @entity204 was 22.3 days (range, 0-154 days). Of the @entity1 who were treated non-operatively, 124 died due to poor medical condition (4 [3.2%] died within 24 h, 66 [51.6%] died within the first week and the rest died thereafter). In the @entity204 certificate, the most common primary cause of @entity204 recorded in the group of @entity1 of 64 years of age and below was @entity5 followed by @entity881 . In the age group of 65 years and above, the most common primary cause of mortality was @entity55 followed by @entity712 and @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: In orthopaedic and @entity130 @entity1 below the age of 65 years, the most common cause of @entity204 appears to be @entity5 followed by @entity881 ; in the elderly, @entity55 predominates followed by @entity712 and @entity583 . Proximal femoral fractures accounted for 70% of the deaths.

title: Incidence and causes of mortality following acute orthopaedic and XXXX admissions.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure', 'multiple system organ failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The placenta constitutes a physical and immunological barrier against infectious agents. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential components for the induction of innate immunity responses in different @entity1 tissues including the placenta. We investigated the expressions of @entity2938 and @entity2939 in the decidua and amniotic cells in non-inflamed placenta and placenta with @entity281 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were a total 74 placentas (37 with @entity281 and 37 without @entity2348 ). @entity2938 and @entity2939 expressions were assessed using immunohistochemical technique. Positive cells were indicated by cytoplasmic staining and the percentage of positive in 100 cells was recorded and graded. The grades were 1+ (< 25%), 2+ (25-75%) and 3+ (> 75%). RESULTS: We found significantly higher expression of @entity2938 in the amniotic cells and decidua cells in infected placentas as compared to non-inflamed placentas among the preterm placenta. A higher number of cases have @entity2939 expression in the amnion of preterm infected placenta than in term placenta. This, however, is not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity2938 plays a role in the innate immunity in @entity2348 in the placenta, however, their role in protection against toxoplasma may be limited. This study further supports the observations that @entity2938 expression was higher in placenta with @entity281 which strengthened the role of @entity2938 in the protection of preterm placenta against @entity281 .

title: An immunohistochemical study of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in placenta with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and viral infection', 'infection- 25 bacterial, 10 viral and 2 toxoplasma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity560 has pleiotropic functions that regulate fetal growth and development. We investigated associations of common placental genetic variations in @entity560 metabolism with birthweight. METHODS: The study was conducted among @entity1 (506 maternal- @entity1 pairs) of a pregnancy cohort study. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and post-delivery medical record abstraction. DNA, extracted from placental samples collected at delivery, was genotyped for eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five @entity560 metabolism genes ( @entity17892 , @entity17893 , @entity17894 , GC, and @entity17895 ). Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of SNPs with birthweight and risk of low birthweight, respectively. Effect modification of associations by @entity1 sex was examined using stratified analyses and interaction terms in regression models. RESULTS: Mean (standard-deviation) birthweight among all, male, and female @entity1 was 3482.1 (549.9), 3544.6 (579.0) and 3419.2 (512.5) grams, respectively. Each copy of the minor allele of @entity17896 (GC) was associated with a 68.6  g (95%CI:3.1134.7  g) increase in birthweight overall. Sex-specific associations were observed for SNP @entity17897 ( @entity17893 ) (p-value for interaction  <  0.001). Each copy of the minor allele of @entity17897 was associated with a 124.7  g (95%CI:20.1229.0  g) increase in birthweight among female @entity1 , and a suggested 81.6  g decrease in birthweight among male @entity1 (95%CI:-183.7,20.5  g). DISCUSSION: Our study identified overall and sex-specific associations between placental genetic variations in @entity560 metabolism and birthweight. If confirmed by larger replication studies, observed associations may provide insight into mechanistic underpinnings of the relationships between placental @entity560 metabolism and birth size.

title: Placental genetic variations in XXXX metabolism and birthweight.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To quantify the effect of age on the incidence of @entity170 -related @entity174 and of @entity562 treatment on @entity174 risk in different age groups in @entity1 with @entity170 . DESIGN: Data from four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III studies were pooled and analyzed. @entity1 : The analysis population (N=3,229) consisted of postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 as determined on the basis of prevalent @entity174 , low @entity79 ( @entity79 ), or both. INTERVENTION: @entity1 had received @entity562 5 mg daily or placebo for 1 to 3 years. MEASUREMENTS: The endpoints of interest were the incidence of @entity170 -related @entity174 , clinical @entity174 , @entity174 , and morphometric @entity174 . The effect of age on @entity174 risk and treatment benefit was examined using Cox regression models with age and treatment as explanatory variables. The 3-year @entity174 risk was estimated for @entity1 in each treatment group at a given age. RESULTS: Irrespective of treatment, @entity174 risks were greater in older @entity1 (P<.001). On average, for every 1-year increase in age, a @entity1 's risk for @entity170 -related @entity174 increased 3.6% (95% confidence interval=2.3-5.0%). Irrespective of age, @entity562 treatment reduced @entity174 risk 42%. @entity562 -treated @entity1 had @entity174 risks similar to those of placebo-treated @entity1 10 to 20 years younger. CONCLUSION: @entity1 treated with @entity562 have a significantly lower @entity174 risk, similar to that of untreated @entity1 10 to 20 years younger.

title: Assessment of the relationship between age and the effect of @entity562 treatment in XXXX with @entity170 : a pooled analysis of four studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'nonvertebral fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate', 'Risedronate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: 1. Intracellular recordings from @entity1249 pyramidal cells in the @entity35 hippocampal slice preparation have been used to study the neuronal pathways involved in hippocampal synaptic inhibition.2. When direct comparisons are made in a single pyramidal cell, orthodromic stimulation delivered to stratum (s.) radiatum in normal recording conditions is found to be more effective than antidromic stimulation in producing inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (i.p.s.p.s).3. Orthodromic i.p.s.p.s in normal conditions appear to be complex, multiphasic events, whereas antidromic i.p.s.p.s are relatively simple. The orthodromic i.p.s.p. involves both a @entity1246 -mediated dendritic component and a non- @entity1246 -mediated component neither of which is activated by antidromic stimulation.4. Barbiturates induce a late depolarizing phase of the orthodromic response, a ;depolarizing i.p.s.p.', which is mediated by @entity1246 . The depolarizing i.p.s.p. is not produced by antidromic stimulation.5. Injections of @entity1022 and @entity4781 localized to either somatic or apical dendritic regions reveal that the depolarizing i.p.s.p. is produced by @entity1246 released from neuronal elements in the dendritic field which acts on pyramidal cell dendrites.6. The depolarizing i.p.s.p. is strongly temperature-dependent and increases in amplitude and duration progressively as slices are cooled from 37 to 22 degrees C.7. Depolarizing i.p.s.p.s can be produced by orthodromic stimulation in s. oriens as well as in s. radiatum. In each case the depolarizing i.p.s.p.s appear localized to the dendrites in the field stimulated.8. We conclude that the depolarizing i.p.s.p. evident in the presence of barbiturates is caused by the same synaptic release of @entity1246 which in normal conditions produces hyperpolarizing dendritic i.p.s.p.s.9. Numerous comparisons between orthodromic and antidromic stimulation indicate that dendritic i.p.s.p.s are activated by feed-forward pathways.

title: Feed-forward dendritic inhibition in XXXX hippocampal pyramidal cells studied in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity4781 :: ('MESH:C017069', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline methiodide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Objectives. To retrospectively compare the results of the MRIA (magnetic resonance index of activity) with a modified MRIA (mMRIA), which was calculated excluding from MRIA formula the data of relative contrast enhancement (RCE). Materials and Methods. MR-E and corresponding endoscopic records of 100 @entity1 were reviewed. MRIA, mMRIA, and SES endoscopic index were calculated for all the @entity1 . Namely, MRIA was calculated as follows: (1.5 * wall thickening + 0.02 * RCE + 5 * intramural @entity4 + 10 * @entity1066 ), while mMRIA was calculated with the modified formula (1.5 * wall thickening + 5 * intramural @entity4 + 10 * @entity1066 ). Results. Mean MRIA and mMRIA values were 19.3 and 17.68, respectively (p < 0.0001). A significant correlation (p < 0.0001) was observed between MRIA and mMRIA scores and between both MR indexes and SES (p < 0.0001). Conclusions. mMRIA was comparable to MRIA in the evaluation of disease activity in @entity30 .

title: Assessment of Disease Activity in Small Bowel XXXX : Comparison between Endoscopy and Magnetic Resonance Enterography Using MRIA and Modified MRIA Score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity418 , lymph nodes along the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) are thought to be highly involved. Complete dissection of these lymph nodes is recommended but there is limited working space in the left upper mediastinum and advanced dissection skills are required. We present herein a new method for lymphadenectomy along the left RLN, called the Bascule method during prone esophagectomy. METHODS: The fundamental concept of this new method is to draw the proximal portion of the divided esophagus and tissue that includes the left RLN and lymph nodes through a gap between the vertebral body and the right scapula. Using this technique, a two-dimensional membrane, similar to the "esophageal mesenteriolum" (lateral pedicle), will be easily recognizable. Identification and reliable cutting of the tracheoesophageal artery and distinguishing the left RLN from the lymph nodes should be easy. This technique was evaluated in 39 consecutive cases of prone esophagectomy for @entity1544 . RESULTS: There were 18 @entity1 who underwent the new method (Bascule method; Bm) and 21 @entity1 who underwent the conventional method (Cm). The duration of the thoracic procedure and dissection along the left RLN was significantly shorter in Bm group than in Cm group (258      30 vs. 291      39  min; p  =  0.007 and 66      9 vs. 75      14  min; p  =  0.036, respectively). Estimated @entity190 in Bm group was 20      11  g compared to 38      32  g in Cm group (p  =  0.028). No intraoperative morbidity related to the left RLN was observed in either group. The hoarseness rate in Bm group was 28  %, which was lower than that in the Cm group (48  %). CONCLUSIONS: The Bascule method for lymphadenectomy along the left RLN during prone esophagectomy is technically safe and feasible and reduces operative time and @entity190 .

title: A new method (the "Bascule method") for lymphadenectomy along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve during prone esophagectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Circular smooth muscle of the urethra generates spontaneous myogenic tone of relevance for the maintenance of continence. We tested if Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and Rho-associated kinase (ROK) are involved in the generation of urethral tone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Small circular strips of female @entity1707 urethra were dissected out and mounted for recording isometric force. The effect of pharmacological agents known to modulate the activity of Rho GTPases or ROK was examined. The intracellular @entity460 concentration was measured using @entity593 . RESULTS: Urethral tone was abolished by removing extracellular @entity460 or by adding the @entity460 antagonist @entity10202 . The decrease in force was closely related to a decrease in intracellular @entity460 concentration, indicating that tone depends on membrane associated mechanisms. Toxin B, which inactivates Rho GTPases, and Y 27632, which inhibits ROK, completely abolished tone in the female @entity1707 urethra. The latter effect occurred without any change in the intracellular @entity460 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggests that urethral tone depends on activity in G-protein coupled pathways and inhibition of this activity is sufficient for urethral tone relaxation. Thus, to our knowledge a new pathway in the generation of urethral tone, which might be acted on by autonomic nerves during micturition, has been identified.

title: Female XXXX urethral tone is dependent on Rho guanosine triphosphatases and Rho-associated kinase.

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['felodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1688 ( @entity1688 ) is a rare @entity16 rendering an individual quadriplegic and anarthric with preserved self-awareness and normal if not near-normal cognition. A lesion to the ventral pons causes the classic form of @entity1688 , and @entity1 can typically interact with their environment with eye/eyelid movements. @entity1688 @entity1 may live for years with preserved quality of life (QoL) and cognitive function, but with severe disability. However, medical providers and family often underestimate the @entity1 's QoL, and choose less aggressive care. Prompt assessment of decisionality in @entity1688 @entity1 is challenging, but it must be done to allow these @entity1 to participate in their care. We present the case of a 54-year-old @entity1 with @entity1688 . The medical team recommended comfort measures, but the family advocated involving the @entity1 in goals of care discussions. The @entity1 was determined to be decisional during the acute hospitalization, and he elected for life-prolonging care. This case emphasizes the importance of unbiased shared decision making, but also the importance of utilizing a practical framework to assess the decision-making capacity in these @entity1 . We provide a suggested approach to determining decision-making capacity in similar cases or conditions.

title: XXXX : Case Report and Discussion of Decisional Capacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['LIS', 'Locked-in syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorder']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['Locked-In Syndrome']


abstract: In this report, the modulation and localization of complement receptors @entity3432 and @entity9637 in neutrophils were examined with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed against these membrane proteins. We first studied complement receptor modulation in a @entity1 with neutrophil-specific @entity6166 . With flow cytometric analysis, we determined that, while @entity5037 ( @entity5037 ) (10(-6) M) caused an increase in the binding of both anti- @entity3432 and anti- @entity9637 mab to normal neutrophils, the fmet-leu-phe-stimulated neutrophils from our patient increased anti- @entity3432 binding but decreased anti- @entity9637 binding. This suggested that @entity9637 , but not @entity3432 , might be associated with specific granules. We next studied receptor modulation in organelle-depleted neutrophil cytoplasts obtained from normal donors. Unlike the specific @entity6166 neutrophils, the normal cytoplasts failed to augment expression of either receptor after stimulation. Immunofluorescence studies of permeabilized polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) revealed considerable internal binding of both anti- @entity3432 . In additional studies, @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) was used as a stimulus for receptor modulation in normal neutrophils. Unlike fmet-leu-phe and C5a, @entity4515 elicited a biphasic dose-response curve. High doses of @entity4515 (greater than 0.5 ng/ml) caused a reduction in the magnitude of membrane expression of both @entity3432 and @entity9637 . In studies designed to localize the internal pool of receptors, we evaluated the binding of 125I-anti-receptor mab to plasma membrane-, specific granule, and azurophilic granule-enriched fractions obtained from @entity969 gradient fractionation of disrupted neutrophils. 125I-anti- @entity3432 mab bound to the membrane-enriched fraction but bound little to either granule-enriched fraction. In contrast, 125I-anti- @entity9637 mab bound more to the specific granule-enriched fraction than to the plasma membrane-enriched fraction. Azurophilic granules showed no increased anti- @entity9637 binding. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled solubilized subcellular fractions with anti-receptor mab confirmed these findings. @entity9637 was present in the plasma membrane-, and specific granule-enriched fraction but not in the azurophilic granule-enriched fraction. @entity3432 , however, was present only in the plasma membrane-enriched fraction. These data indicate that there are intracellular pools for both the @entity3432 and @entity9637 , but the intracellular locations for these pools are distinct. The pool for @entity9637 co-sediments with specific granules, while the pool for @entity3432 does not. Nonetheless, a variety of stimulatory agents increase and decrease the membrane expression of both receptors in parallel.

title: Evidence for distinct intracellular pools of receptors for C3b and C3bi in XXXX neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['f-met-leu-phe', 'N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity6166 :: ('MESH:C562873', 'Disease') :: ['granule-deficient', 'granule deficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For a long time, a main focus of paediatric therapy studies for @entity978 ( @entity978 ) has been on diminishing adverse late effects. Consequently, the long-term follow-up of @entity1 after @entity978 is very important. The @entity978 late effects project of the GPOH, which evolved from 5 consecutive German-Austrian DAL therapy studies, was aimed at establishing a basis for the further improvement of therapy concepts and of long-term surveillance. @entity1 AND METHODS: The original cohort consisted of 1 245 study @entity1 from 92 centres enrolled in the DAL studies @entity978 -78 to @entity978 -90 between 1978 and 1995. Initially, follow-up data were submitted by the participating study centres. When the majority of the @entity1 had reached adult age and were no longer seen by the originally treating paediatric colleagues, we contacted them directly by mail every 2-3 years. At the time of analysis (March 2004) information from the preceding 6 years was available in 78.6 % of the @entity1 alive. RESULTS: The median follow-up period of @entity1 at the date of last information was 11.1 years (max. 25.5 years), the median age was 23.7 years (max. 41.1 years). The present report is focused on three out of a wide range of problems evaluated, namely cause of @entity204 in 14 @entity1 expired after 10-21 years' follow-up, overwhelming @entity281 (18 events, 11 fatal), and 46 @entity5 . The @entity3012 rate after 24 years is 87 % (SE 3 %) in the total group, 83 % (SE 3 %) in 335 asplenic @entity1 , and 93 % (SE 2 %) in 910 non- or partially splenectomised @entity1 . We have initiated activities to improve the prophylactic measures against overwhelming infections in this risk group of asplenic @entity1 . The cumulative incidences of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) after 22 years is 11 % (SE 2 %) for all @entity5 , 10 % (SE 2 %) for solid @entity5 , 0.8 % (SE 0.5 %) for @entity1893 , and 0.6 % (SE 0.3 %) for @entity1778 . The cumulative incidence of @entity0 in female @entity1 at the age of 35 years is 4.0 % (SE 2 %). The effect of reducing the radiotherapy doses in the studies @entity978 -87/ @entity978 -90 will become evident within the next years.

title: Late effects after therapy of @entity978 : update 2003/04 on overwhelming @entity281 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['secondary malignancies', 'SM', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['post-splenectomy infections']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemias']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['secondary malignancies']


abstract: The absorption of U within the male @entity35 @entity35 was determined following oral gavage with @entity7524 solutions at seven different dosages. Gavage levels ranged from 0.003 to 45 mg U per kilogram body weight. Uranium tissue burdens were determined at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 96 and 240 h following gavage. Blood, kidney, liver and bone were analyzed for U content using neutron activation followed by delayed neutron counting. Uranium rapidly localized in the kidneys and bone following ingestion. Bone was found to be the primary tissue of deposition. Skeletal and kidney burdens closely paralleled each other from 15 min to 10 d after oral gavage. Uranium burdens in the blood reached a maximum within 30 min but declined rapidly thereafter. Burdens of all tissues were well correlated with each other and with dosage at all dose levels. Equations relating @entity1053 with blood levels were developed and found to be useful for predicting @entity1053 for the initial 8 h following gavage. Gastrointestinal absorption (f1) was 0.6-2.8% over the range of U administered. Movement of U through the GI tract was assessed at two dosages. The transit time of U through the GI tract was approximately 48 h. @entity595 loss from the stomach was described as a power function of time. The maximum value in the small intestine was attained within 2 h, and thereafter its rapid loss was linear up to 8 h. A minor residual loss component from the small intestine was evident beyond 8 h post-gavage.

title: Absorption and biokinetics of U in @entity35 following an oral administration of XXXX solution.

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['Uranium']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['body burdens']

entities_list: @entity7524 :: ('MESH:D014502', 'Chemical') :: ['uranyl nitrate']

answer: @entity7524 :: (MESH:D014502,Chemical) :: ['uranyl nitrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Wnt/ @entity12401 signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating cellular differentiation, proliferation, and polarity. METHODS: We used @entity1732 to induce @entity82 in a transgenic Wnt reporter @entity19 to characterize the expression pattern of @entity1896 , @entity21423 , and @entity641 in conjunction with the Wnt/ @entity12401 signaling pathway. LacZ expression reveals the Wnt/ @entity12401 signaling pathway through the activated (nuclear) @entity12401 and coactivation of LEF/TCF transcription factors. X-gal staining and immunohistochemical staining of @entity12401 , @entity1896 , @entity21423 , and @entity641 were assessed after @entity1732 administration. RESULTS: We observed LacZ expression in @entity75 and the epithelium in remodeled cystic and fibrotic areas at both 1 and 3 weeks. Nuclear @entity12401 staining was prominent in epithelial cells of remodeled and fibrotic areas at 3 weeks. @entity21423 was faint in basement membranes of airways and matrix zones in fibrotic areas at 3 weeks. @entity1896 was observed in alveolar macrophages (AM), alveolar epithelium, and fibrotic areas consistent with rapid cell turnover in these areas at both 1 and 3 weeks. @entity641 was faintly staining in alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells at 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: The Wnt/ @entity12401 pathway is activated in @entity1732 -induced @entity82 , and downstream genes were localized in AM, alveolar epithelium, and interstitium.

title: Wnt pathway in pulmonary fibrosis in the @entity1732 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolar proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine which serotoninergic receptor subtype(s) mediates the regional vasodilator response to @entity130 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial. SETTING: Microcirculation research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Anesthetized @entity235 . INTERVENTIONS: Mechanically ventilated @entity235 underwent cannulation of a brachial artery and placement of an ultrasonic flow probe around one femoral artery. All animals received a 2% to 3% body surface area partial thickness @entity130 by immersing the paw ipsilateral to the instrumented femoral artery into 100 degrees C water for 5 secs. In one group of @entity235 , @entity20399 (a serotoninergic1A receptor antagonist) was given by the peripheral intravenous route before burn. These results were compared with those findings obtained from a group of animals that received a burn only, and groups of animals given a peripheral intravenous injection of @entity3858 (a serotoninergic receptor antagonist) or @entity7301 (a serotoninergic2 receptor blocking agent) before burn. Experiments were conducted for two postburn hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity130 caused a marked and persistent increase in regional (e.g., femoral artery) blood flow, an effect that was significantly blunted by preburn administration of the serotoninergic receptor antagonist, @entity3858 . Preburn administration of @entity20399 increased baseline femoral blood flow by 13%, reflecting its known @entity750 agonist properties. However, when compared with the mean postscald increases in femoral blood flow over baseline seen in scald only @entity235 and in animals given the serotoninergic2 receptor blocking agent, @entity7301 (before scald), the @entity20399 -treated group demonstrated a significant (p < .001 by analysis of variance) 2-hr-postscald blunting of this femoral vasodilator response. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that serotoninergic1A-like receptors play an integral, albeit not an exclusive, role in blood flow regulation to the site of @entity130 .

title: @entity750 receptors regulate XXXX regional vasodilator responses to burn.

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['ritanserin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['scald injury', 'Burn injury', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity3558 hypersecretion is an important clinical feature of several @entity1576 , including @entity565 , @entity1577 , @entity566 , @entity2490 , and @entity1244 . It has been shown that a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a- @entity4545 ), a proopiomelanocortin ( @entity4545 )-derived peptide, has immunomodulatory activities by inhibiting NF-kB activation induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as @entity310 . Because @entity5089 expression is known to be up-regulated by @entity310 via NF-kB activation, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of a- @entity4545 on @entity5089 gene expression induced by @entity310 in normal @entity1 nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells. @entity22025 ( @entity22025 ) was detected by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescent labeling in NHNE cells. a- @entity4545 suppressed NF-kB/ @entity9135 phosphorylation induced by @entity310 as well as IkB-a degradation in a dose-dependent manner, as assessed by Western blotting. In addition, a- @entity4545 inhibited @entity310 -induced nuclear translocation of NF-kB and NF-kB luciferase activity. Real-time quantitative PCR data showed that a- @entity4545 inhibited @entity310 -induced expression of @entity5089 , and this effect of a- @entity4545 was neutralized by knockdown of @entity22025 using @entity22025 shRNA lentivirus. Analyses using RT-PCR and Western blotting showed the expression of @entity4545 and two key enzymes in the @entity4545 processing, proprotein convertases (PC)1 and @entity16552 , and @entity22026 , which is required for enzymatic activity of @entity16552 , in normal @entity1 nasal mucosa. We conclude that a- @entity4545 down-regulates @entity5089 expression by inhibiting @entity310 -induced NF-kB activity through @entity22025 stimulation in NHNE cells and that normal @entity1 nasal mucosa possesses the @entity4545 processing machinery. Therefore, a- @entity4545 may be a promising candidate to decrease @entity3558 overproduction initiated by NF-kB activation.

title: a-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibits tumor necrosis factor a-stimulated @entity5089 expression in XXXX nasal epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity22025 :: ('4157', 'Gene') :: ['Melanocortin-1-receptor', 'MC-1R']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['nasal allergy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Although most of commonly used antimicrobial agents had been susceptible to Esherichia coli, recently there are a lot of reports concerning about community-acquired @entity281 caused by resistant @entity526 . The aim of this study is to define the prevalence of resistant @entity526 in normal flora colonization by the rectal swab method. From June 2009 to December 2013, 251 male @entity1 (50-85 year-old, median 68) planned to transrectal prostate biopsy participated in this study. Stools stuck on the glove at the digital examination were provided for culture specimen. Identification of @entity526 and determination of MIC was performed by MicroScan WalkAway40plus ( @entity5377 ). Isolated @entity526 were deemed @entity1536 -resistant strains when their MIC of @entity5378 was 4  g/mL or above according to the breakpoint MIC by the CLSI criteria. ESBL producing ability was determined by the double disk method used by CVA contained ESBL definition disc (Eikenkagaku). Of the 251 study @entity1 , 224 @entity1 had positive cultures of @entity526 . Twenty-four @entity1 had @entity1536 -resistant strains and 9 @entity1 had ESBL producing strains. The prevalence of @entity1536 -resistant strains in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 were 5.9% (2 out of 34 strains), 13.5% (5 out of 37 strains), 12.5% (4 out of 32 strains), 9.0% (6 out of 67) and 13.0% (7 out of 54 strains), respectively. The prevalence of ESBL producing strains in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 were 0% (0 out of 34 strains), 5.4% (2 out of 37 strains), 3.1% (1 out of 32 strains), 3.0% (2 out of 67 strains) and 7.4% (4 out of 54 strains), respectively. In 2013, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant @entity526 , both @entity1536 -resistant and ESBL producing strains, were increasing. We have to pay a close attention to the increase of resistant @entity526 .

title: [Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistant Esherichia coli by Rectal Swab Method--Annual Change of Prevalence of XXXX -resistant and ESBL Producing Strains from 2009 to 2013].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5378 :: ('CHEBI:63598', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity1536 :: (CHEBI:23765,Chemical) :: ['Quinolone']


abstract: Although recently survival of some @entity2946 @entity1 increased remarkably, it remains a serious diagnosis in others. In order to predict the postoperative prognosis in @entity1 treated for @entity2946 , a new staging, scoring and grading system was developed. Sixty-six @entity1 operated on microsurgically between 1975 and 1990 at a single neurosurgical center were fully followed-up. No @entity1 was excluded due to a poor postoperative course. Completion of commonly used radiotherapy protocols was attempted in all @entity1 . Survival of @entity1 was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The following 5 parameters were selected to define subgroups: @entity1 ' age, @entity5 location and histology, degree of resection and presence or absence of @entity3 . @entity1 older than 10 years had a better prognosis than individuals aged 10 or less (p < 0.01), @entity1 with @entity5 had a better prognosis than @entity1 with @entity5 with brain stem infiltration (p < 0.05), @entity1 with complete @entity5 resection had a more favourable prognosis than individuals with subtotal (p < 0.01) or partial resection (p < 0.001), @entity1 without @entity3 at the time of diagnosis had a better prognosis than individuals without such evidence (p < 0.001), @entity1 with the @entity5 variant had a better prognosis than @entity1 with classical @entity5 histology (p < 0.01). According to the prognosis of a distinct subgroup, scoring points were distributed which correlated with the degree of inter-subgroup significances. The sum of a single @entity1 's scoring points was called the total score. Based on this score, three groups of prognosis were distinguished.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Staging, scoring and grading of XXXX . A postoperative prognosis predicting system based on the cases of a single institute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['midline tumours', 'lateral tumours', 'desmoplastic tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the time course of spontaneous differentiation of in vitro cultured @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into hematopoietic cells to provide experimental evidence for induction of hematopoietic commitment of hESCs. METHODS: In @entity1 embryoid bodies (hEBs) derived from spontaneous differentiation of chESC3, a hESC cell line we established previously, the expressions of such genes as @entity319 , @entity3752 , Scl and @entity12627 were detected by RT-PCR every other day during the 12-day differentiation to monitor the process of the hematopoiesis. The hematopoietic stem cell marker @entity2280 was examined using flow cytometry to evaluate the efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation of the cells on days 6, 8, 10 and 12. The spontaneously differentiated hESCs were seeded in the hematopoietic colony culture system to study the hematopoietic colony forming ability. Immunocytochemical staining for @entity1195 was performed on the hEBs to examine the emergence of mature hematopoietic cells. RESULTS: The expressions of the hematopoietic stem cell-related genes @entity319 and @entity3752 were detected in the hESCs, and on days 4 to 6, the two genes were upregulated with prolonged cuture of the hEBs. Scl and @entity12627 gene expressions were detected since 6-8 days of culture and maintained high expressions till day 12. Flow cytometry revealed a gradual increase in @entity2280 -positive cells in the culture, with positivity rates on days 6, 8, 10, and 12 of (1.4-/+0.4)%, (3.4-/+1.3)%, (5.5-/+2.2)%, and (5.1-/+1.7)%, respectively. The numbers of @entity12910 -positive cell colonies on days 6, 8, 10, and 12 were 0, 7-/+2, 37-/+11, and 89-/+29 in each 10(5) cells, respectively. Immunocytochemical staining identified @entity1195 -positive cells on days 10, 12, 15, and 18 in the cell colonies, with the positive cell numbers of 0, 40.5-/+15.09, 178.6-/+55.89, and 253.0-/+52.04, respectively. CONCLUSION: The hESCs undergo spontaneous hematopoietic differentiation in 3 stages, including the differentiation into germ layer-specific cells (days 6-8), expansion period of the hematopoitic progenitors (days 8-12), and maturation of the hematopoietic cells (after day 15).

title: [Spontaneous differentiation of XXXX embryonic stem cells into hematopoietic cells].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soft tissue @entity242 (STS) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms with a variety of histological subtypes. However, in Japan, data on the clinical characteristics and prognostic profiles of these @entity5 are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the clinical features and outcomes of Japanese @entity1 with retroperitoneal and abdominal STS. METHODS: We reviewed and analyzed retrospectively the data for 82 @entity1 who underwent surgery for retroperitoneal and abdominal STS at Osaka University and affiliated hospitals from 2000 to 2007. The factors analyzed included @entity1 demographics and clinical features. RESULTS: The histological subtypes included @entity1822 in 32 @entity1 (39.0%), @entity1821 in 30 (36.6%), malignant @entity82 in 10 (12.2%), and other miscellaneous subtypes in 10 (12.2%). The overall survivals were 92, 69, and 62%, respectively, at 1, 3, and 5 years after primary surgery. The overall survival of @entity1 with @entity8597 was significantly better than that of @entity1 with @entity1893 . Complete resection was done in 63 @entity1 (77%) and their recurrence-free survivals were 73, 34, and 23%, respectively, at 1, 3, and 5 years after the surgery. Subgroup analysis of differences between @entity1822 and @entity1821 revealed that @entity1821 were mainly located in the retroperitoneum and @entity1822 were located equally in the retroperitoneum and abdominal cavity. The @entity5 size of @entity1821 was larger than that of @entity1822 ; however, the recurrence-free survival was better in @entity1 with @entity1821 than in those with @entity1822 . CONCLUSION: Our results showed the clinical features and prognoses of retroperitoneal and abdominal STS in Japan. Further large-scale nationwide studies are required to clarify the detailed clinical behavior of retroperitoneal and abdominal STS in Japan.

title: XXXX : a multicenter retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8597 :: ('MESH:D036821', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Abdominal soft tissue sarcoma']


abstract: A 29-year-old @entity1 presented with symptoms suggestive of @entity656 of 3 day's duration. No definite aetiology was identifiable at admission. The @entity1 had been receiving corticosteroids for the preceding 1 month, after the evacuation of a traumatic subdural haematoma. During the hospital stay, he developed a macular @entity1910 , which evolved over a period of 48 hours to a @entity1910 . Liver function tests were suggestive of anicteric @entity99 . @entity1033 therapy was instituted. However, the @entity1 succumbed to an episode ventricular @entity943 of sudden onset, possibly due to @entity2401 . A high index of suspicion for @entity281 in immunocompromised @entity1 presenting with @entity656 is necessary for early diagnosis. The @entity1910 may at times be atypical and may rarely appear after the onset of @entity788 . Whenever any @entity1910 develops in the setting of @entity788 of unknown aetiology, rapid diagnostic tests should be undertaken to establish the diagnosis and start appropriate therapy.

title: Acute @entity788 : presenting manifestation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['Acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['papulovesicular rash typical of varicella infection', 'rash', 'skin rash']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['varicella infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['varicella myocarditis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['varicella infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few data on the epidemiology and outcomes of @entity281 in recipients of solid-organ transplants. We aimed to establish the outcomes of pandemic influenza A H1N1 and factors leading to severe disease in a cohort of @entity1 who had received transplants. METHODS: We did a multicentre cohort study of adults and @entity1 who had received organ transplants with microbiological confirmation of @entity281 from April to December, 2009. Centres were identified through the American Society of Transplantation Influenza Collaborative Study Group. Demographics, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes were assessed. Severity of disease was measured by admission to hospital and intensive care units (ICUs). The data were analysed with descriptive statistics. Proportions were compared by use of chi(2) tests. We used univariate analysis to identify factors leading to @entity55 , admission to hospital, and admission to an ICU. Multivariate analysis was done by use of a stepwise logistic regression model. We analysed deaths with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. FINDINGS: We assessed 237 cases of medically attended influenza A H1N1 reported from 26 transplant centres during the study period. Transplant types included kidney, liver, heart, lung, and others. Both adults (154 @entity1 ; median age 47 years) and @entity1 (83; 9 years) were assessed. Median time from transplant was 3.6 years. 167 (71%) of 237 @entity1 were admitted to hospital. Data on complications were available for 230 @entity1 ; 73 (32%) had @entity55 , 37 (16%) were admitted to ICUs, and ten (4%) died. Antiviral treatment was used in 223 (94%) @entity1 (primarily @entity684 monotherapy). Seven (8%) patients given antiviral drugs within 48 h of symptom onset were admitted to an ICU compared with 28 (22.4%) given antivirals later (p=0.007). @entity1 who received transplants were less likely to present with @entity55 than adults, but rates of admission to hospital and ICU were similar. INTERPRETATION: Influenza A H1N1 caused substantial morbidity in recipients of solid-organ transplants during the 2009-10 pandemic. Starting antiviral therapy early is associated with clinical benefit as measured by need for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. FUNDING: None.

title: Outcomes from pandemic influenza A XXXX in recipients of solid-organ transplants: a multicentre cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection', 'influenza A infection']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['H1N1 infection']


abstract: Accurate @entity5 risk assessment of low-dose radiation poses many challenges that are partly due to the inability to distinguish radiation-induced @entity5 from spontaneous ones. To elucidate characteristic features of radiation-induced @entity5 , we analyzed 163 @entity2946 that developed either spontaneously or after X-ray irradiation at doses of 0.05-3 Gy in @entity20735 heterozygous @entity19 . All spontaneous @entity5 showed loss of heterozygosity in broad regions on chromosome 13, with losses at all consecutive markers distal to @entity20735 locus (S-type). In contrast, all @entity5 that developed after 3 Gy irradiation exhibited interstitial losses around @entity20735 with distal markers retained (R-type). There was a clear dose-dependent increase in the proportion of @entity5 within the intermediate dose range, indicating that the R-type change is a reliable radiation signature. Importantly, the incidence of @entity5 increased significantly (P = 0.007) at a dose as low as 50 mGy. Integrated array-comparative genomic hybridization and expression microarray analyses demonstrated that expression levels of many genes around the @entity20735 locus faithfully reflected the signature-associated reduction in genomic copy number. Furthermore, 573 genes on other chromosomes were also expressed differently between S-type and @entity5 . They include genes whose expression changes during early cerebellar development such as @entity22091 and @entity11579 , suggesting a recapitulation of gene subsets functioning at distinct developmental stages. These findings provide, for the first time, solid experimental evidence for a significant increase in @entity5 risk by low-dose radiation at diagnostic levels and imply that radiation-induced @entity105 accompanies both genomic and gene expression signatures.

title: Genomic and gene expression signatures of radiation in @entity2946 after low-dose irradiation in @entity20735 heterozygous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer', 'R-type tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSES: Autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity907 and may also be assessed by the RR variability analysis. @entity135 ( @entity135 ) is a currently established tool to evaluate @entity1 with neuromediated @entity1163 . However, the relationship between heart rate variability and tilt induced @entity1163 is not established. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in heart rate variability among @entity1 with @entity1163 and negative or positive tilt test. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 (mean age 33 +/- 17 years, 24 female, 26 male) with @entity1163 underwent tilt test (20 min, 80 degrees tilt and 20 min more under @entity3044 infusion). Twenty-three @entity1 have a negative tilt, the rest had a positive test. There were not significant differences in age or sex. Immediately after the @entity135 a 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram was performed (Marquette system 8000, 002A program). The parameters measured during Holter monitoring were: SDANN, SD, rMSSD, pNN50 and frequency analysis of heart rate spectrum (low frequency 0.04-0.15 Hz, high frequency 0.15-0.4 Hz and the relation low/high). No significant differences were detected in age and sex in @entity1 with and without positive @entity135 . RESULTS: pNN50 and rMSSD were the best predictors of the results of tilt (p = 0.006). SDANN and SDNN were not useful parameter. The finding of a value of pNN50 > 25% (value significantly different between @entity1 with @entity135 --and +) have a specificity for predicting a positive @entity135 of 82.6%, with a sensibility of 51.8%. Positive predictive value was 77%. As can be easily understood, if the cut value of pNN50 is lowered, its sensibility increased and the specificity. decreased. In the frequency analysis only the relation low/high (L/H) was significantly different between both populations. CONCLUSIONS: Heart rate variability is a useful tool in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity907 , that may identify @entity1 with chronically elevated vagal tone and thus may predict tilt test results.

title: [Usefulness of the RR variability in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head up tilt test', 'HUT']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal/vasodepressor syncope', 'vasovagal syncope']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['neurogenic syncope']


abstract: Subjects with mild cases of @entity195 of the @entity195 (SDAT n = 18) were followed up over four years with 16 behavioral tests given during four test periods. This group was compared with a normal group (n = 30) matched on age (64 to 81 years), sex, and socioeconomic status. Each of the 16 tests reflected significant group differences, with the normal subjects showing little or no decline and the subjects with SDAT showing progressive decline. The test showing the greatest decline over the four years was the logical memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the test showing the least decline was the Wechsler Memory Scale digit span forward subtest. Even the latter test, however, reflected much decline. There were five subjects with SDAT whose @entity303 remained mild throughout the four-year study. The others progressed to more severe levels. The five subjects performed more ably on each of the 16 tests than those who progressed to more severe levels. In fact, after an initial level of decline, several of the tests showed little or no decline among the five subjects. Four hypotheses are offered in examining the differences between those subjects whose @entity303 remained mild and those whose @entity303 did not.

title: A longitudinal, behavioral study of @entity195 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type', 'senile dementia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer type']


abstract: Enhanced hydration increases the @entity1 cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. If reduced water intake has the opposite effect, this would suggest controlling for @entity1949 when studying such responses. Blood pressure, heart rate and parasympathetically dominated beat-to-beat heart rate fluctuations were assessed during resting baseline and mental stress. Two challenging cognitive-motor tasks, a 5-Choice Reaction Time Task (CRTT) and a Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), served as mental stress tests. Eight female and eight male volunteers were examined twice, after 24 h of @entity1949 and after normal water intake (counterbalanced order, 7-day interval). @entity1949 resulted in moderate @entity2700 with a mean 2.6% decrease of total body weight. Dehydration did neither affect baseline blood pressure, heart rate, nor blood pressure reactivity to mental stress. However, @entity2700 slightly (-1.2 bpm) diminished heart rate reactivity to the PASAT (P = 0.03) and increased beat-to-beat heart rate fluctuations in response to the CRTT (P = 0.05). Dehydration intensified CRTT- and PASAT-induced reductions of beat-to-beat heart rate fluctuations in females (gender x @entity2700 interactions: P = 0.04-0.05). Moderate @entity2700 induced by water restriction has no effect on blood pressure reactivity to mental stress. The effects on heart rate reactivity are small. However, stress-induced parasympathetic withdrawal may be fortified during @entity2700 in females, which suggests controlling for water intake when studying such responses.

title: Dehydration does not influence cardiovascular reactivity to behavioural stress in young healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['water deprivation', 'Water deprivation']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The value of @entity927 (TA) treatment as bleeding prophylaxis in major uterine surgery is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antihemorrhagic effect of prophylactic TA treatment in major benign uterine surgery. SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from 1980 to 2015 without language restriction using search terms related to major uterine surgery combined with TA. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing prophylactic TA with placebo or no intervention in @entity1 undergoing elective major benign uterine surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Basic information and outcomes were collected and meta-analyses performed. MAIN RESULTS: Sixteen trials were included, with five trials considered to have an overall low risk of bias. In cesarean delivery, TA significantly reduced @entity954 (mean -136  mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] -189 to -83), @entity190 of more than 1000  mL (relative risk 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.81), and blood transfusion (relative risk 0.32, 95% CI 0.17-0.59). In abdominal myomectomy, TA also significantly reduced @entity954 (mean -251  mL, 95% CI -391 to -110). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic TA treatment significantly reduced @entity548 in @entity1 undergoing elective cesarean delivery or abdominal myomectomy. Additional randomized trials with low risk of bias are needed.

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of prophylactic XXXX treatment in major benign uterine surgery.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite behavioral markers of @entity72 ( @entity72 ) being evident within the first year of life, there remains little research on the prospective identification of these @entity1 in a community-based setting before 18 months. The aim in the Social Attention and Communication Study was to identify @entity1 and toddlers at risk of an @entity2438 during their first 2 years. METHODS: A total of 241 Maternal and @entity1 Health nurses were trained on the early signs of @entity72 at 8, 12, 18 and 24 months. Using a developmental surveillance approach with a community-based sample, a cohort of 20,770 @entity1 was monitored on early social attention and communication behaviors. Those @entity1 /toddlers identified as "at risk" were referred to the Social Attention and Communication Study team from 12 months for developmental and diagnostic assessments at 6 monthly intervals, until 24 months. RESULTS: A total of 216 @entity1 were referred, with 110 being further assessed. Of these, 89 @entity1 were classified with an @entity2438 at 24 months, and 20 @entity1 had developmental and/or @entity10791 , resulting in a Positive Predictive value of 81%. The estimated rate of @entity72 in the Social Attention and Communication Study cohort ranged from 1:119 to 1:233 @entity1 . Estimated sensitivity ranged from 69% to 83.8%, and estimated specificity ranged from 99.8% to 99.9%. CONCLUSION: Developmental surveillance of social and communication behaviors, which differ according to the age at which the @entity1 is monitored, enables the accurate identification of @entity1 at risk for @entity72 between 12 and 24 months. Education on the early signs is recommended for all primary health care professionals to facilitate early identification of @entity72 .

title: Prospective identification of XXXX in infancy and toddlerhood using developmental surveillance: the social attention and communication study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['language delays']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorders']