abstract: BACKGROUND: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a relatively recent concept that provides further options in the management of cuff- @entity942 . While early results utilizing the Delta III prosthesis (DePuy, Warsaw, IN) have been promising, there is limited data in the literature on outcomes utilizing differing prosthetic designs. We report on the outcomes of Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) utilizing a previously unreported prosthesis, the @entity5047 Modular Shoulder System (Systema Multiplana Randelli, Lima-LTO, Italy). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 49 arthroplasties in 48 @entity1 who underwent Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty with the @entity5047 prosthesis were available for follow up. There were 10 males and 38 females with a mean age of 78.9 years (55-94) at time of operation. The most common indications were cuff tear @entity2720 and @entity571 with @entity942 (66%), followed by @entity174 and @entity174 sequelae (16%). RESULTS: At a mean 38 months follow up, 89% of @entity1 rated their outcome as good or excellent. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon Score was 70.1 (range 3-100), and the mean Oxford Shoulder Score 22.0 (12-47). The mean active anterior elevation was 122 degrees (range 45-180) and the mean external rotation 14.7 degrees (25-75). Inferior glenoid notching was seen in 24% of @entity1 . There was no radiological evidence of component loosening and no reoperations. CONCLUSION: Modern RSA designs give encouraging results in the treatment of cuff @entity558 . Our early experience with the @entity5047 RSA shows favourable outcomes and a low rate of complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4 Retrospective case series, no control group.

title: The XXXX reverse shoulder prosthesis in the treatment of cuff- @entity558 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['deficient shoulder conditions']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['cuff deficiency', 'deficient shoulder disorders']

answer: @entity5047 :: (147719,Gene) :: ['SMR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5522 is one of the factors that are involved in the development of @entity731 . One of the mechanisms through which these high plasma lipid levels trigger the formation of @entity731 is a change in the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) in @entity1 with @entity21027 . SUBJECTS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity21027 -IIa, 20 @entity1 with @entity21027 -IIb and 23 control subjects were studied. To accurately evaluate adhesion molecule levels, we excluded those hyperlipemic @entity1 and control subjects who had an @entity32 . METHODS: Plasma sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and @entity2842 levels were measured by the ELISA method. RESULTS: sVCAM-1 levels in @entity21027 @entity1 (535 +/- 27 ng/ml and 545 +/- 22 ng/ml, respectively) did not differ significantly from those in the control group (558 +/- 20 ng/ml). sICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity21027 (279 +/- 10 ng/ml and 322 +/- 12 ng/ml, respectively) compared to the control group (226 +/- 10 ng/ml). @entity2842 levels were significantly higher in @entity21027 @entity1 (151 +/- 12 pg/ml vs 154 +/- 12 pg/ml, respectively) compared to healthy controls (98 +/- 4 pg/ml). sICAM-1 levels in the @entity21027 -IIb group were significantly higher than in the @entity21027 -IIa group. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that @entity14822 affect the levels of adhesion molecules and chemokines in plasma.

title: Levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and @entity2842 in XXXX with @entity5522 IIa and -IIb.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity21027 :: ('MESH:C538377', 'Disease') :: ['HLP-IIa and HLP-IIb', 'HLP', 'Type IIa (HLP-IIa) and IIb (HLP-IIb) hyperlipoproteinemias']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal herniorrhaphy (TAPP) was attempted on 989 @entity547 in 708 @entity1 . Of these 137 (14%) @entity547 were recurrent after conventional anterior repair. Laparoscopic repair was performed on 135 recurrences in 120 @entity1 (the study cohort). There were 119 males and three females with an average age of 59 years (22-83 years). One hundred twelve (83%) were the first recurrences, and 23 (17%) were multiple recurrences. In 90 recurrences (66.7%) the last repair was performed more than 10 years previously. Seventy-seven @entity1 (64%) had a prior or concomitant repair of a @entity717 . Direct recurrences and right-side recurrences were more common (73% and 61% respectively). @entity260 occurred in 18 repairs (13%). These included 15 @entity1410 , two @entity2080 , and one urinary retention. Re-recurrence occurred in one @entity1 (0.7%) in whom @entity547 staples were not used. No recurrence has occurred since the @entity547 staples became available. We conclude that the overall incidence of recurrent @entity169 is high (14%). @entity1 with recurrent @entity547 have a tendency toward a @entity717 (64%). Most recurrences occurred 10 or more years after the previous repair (66.7%). The laparoscopic repair (TAPP) offers a good repair for recurrent @entity3145 and with low complication and recurrence rates.

title: Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal @entity169 for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia avoiding the scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Premature @entity397 is managed either expectantly or actively. The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of early labor induction with cervical @entity1421 versus expectant management in @entity1 with term premature @entity397 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Singleton pregnancy cases with cephalic presentation reported between 37 and 41  weeks of pregnancy with @entity4942 of <6  h and cervical dilatation <3  cm were studied over a period of 2  years. Out of 100 @entity1 studied, half of them were managed by expectant protocol and the other half by early induction within 6  h of @entity4942 with intracervical gel. Main outcomes measured were @entity4942 -delivery interval, mode of delivery, neonatal and maternal morbidity, and period of maternal and/or neonatal hospitalization. Chi-square test was used to compare frequencies between two groups. Differences between means of other measurement were compared by independent t test. RESULTS: @entity4942 -delivery interval was 22  h in expectant group, while in early induction group, it was 13  h (p value  <  0.001). Rate of cesarean section remained almost same in both groups. @entity281 rate and hospital stay were noted in expectant group; however, this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Immediate labor induction with prostaglandin in cases of term @entity4942 shortens delivery interval and maternal hospital stay with reduction in @entity295 .

title: Premature XXXX at term: early induction versus expectant management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['maternal-neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Increases in maternal-neonatal infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membrane']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of membrane']


abstract: A 68-year-old female with history of anterior wall @entity583 ( @entity583 ) 20 years earlier, underwent coronary angiography after having a non ST elevation @entity583 . Before the procedure, the @entity1 and her close family, including her husband and 2 sons were given thorough explanation of the procedure, its risks and benefits. A totally occluded mid @entity3980 with collaterals from the RCA was found. Besides this presumably 20-year-old chronic total occlusion of the @entity3980 , no other significant lesions were detected, hence medical therapy was recommended. Twelve hours after this diagnostic angiography, the same team was called urgently to perform primary PCI on a 41-year-old male, who presented to the emergency department within 4 h from onset of @entity662 and signs of anterior wall ST elevation @entity583 . The treating team immediately recognized the @entity1 as the @entity5461 of the lady who underwent angiography just several hours ago. This time the explanations about the procedure were concise. Angiography revealed an acute total occlusion of the mid @entity3980 , which was successfully treated. The location of the blockage in mid @entity3980 , just distal to the 1st diagonal and a large septal artery, was closely the same in the mother and in the @entity5461 . Genetic @entity18249 are linked together in the present presentation. The proximity of time may be @entity13415 while the proximity in location of the culprit lesions in these two cases may have genetic factors. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an acute @entity583 in a sibling with a @entity1563 in the exact anatomy as of the mother, occurring just several hours after the mother's coronary angiography.

title: Like mother like XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity13415 :: ('MESH:D020969', 'Disease') :: ['attributed to emotional stress']

entities_list: @entity18249 :: ('MESH:D020022', 'Disease') :: ['predisposition and emotional stress']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity5461 :: (6651,Gene) :: ['son']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Indications for the use of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy are a controversial matter. This study aims to provide a retrospective evaluation of VATS lobectomy in typical @entity4303 . METHODS: @entity1 selection criteria for VATS lobectomy were as follows: (a) typical @entity4303 with clear diagnosis; (b) centrally located @entity2 not amenable to bronchial resection with bronchoplastic procedures, or @entity5 located in peripheral lung tissues; (c) no hilar or mediastinal lymph node enlargement; and (d) normal respiratory function. Between January 1995 and December 1999, 12 @entity1 (eight @entity1 and four @entity1 with a mean age of 57 years) were treated, seven with a peripheral and five with a centrally located @entity5 . Preoperative examination included chest roentgenograms, computed tomography (CT) of the chest, bronchoscopy, and spirometry; diagnosis was established by direct bronchoscopy in five cases, transbronchial biopsy in two cases, transthoracic biopsy in two cases, and video thoracoscopic wedge resection in three cases. Eleven VATS lobectomies and one VATS bilobectomy were performed. All @entity1 underwent hilar lymphadenectomy and mediastinal sampling. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative complications. The only postoperative complication, hematothorax (8.3%), required VATS reoperation. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.33 days. Pathological examination of the resected specimens confirmed that the procedure was radical in all 12 @entity1 and revealed eight T1N0 and four T2N0. At a mean follow-up of 30 months, no signs of recurrence were recorded. CONCLUSION: VATS lobectomy in the treatment of selected typical @entity4303 , both central and peripheral, seems to yield favorable results and is therefore preferable to thoracotomy since it is less invasive.

title: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for typical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary carcinoids', 'carcinoids']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors']


abstract: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) in @entity14 is demonstrated by PCR amplification of several different microsatellite loci. Minisatellites, which are repeats of longer sequences also found throughout the genome, may also be affected by tumorigenesis. Certain minisatellite alleles contain 2 types of similar repeat unit that are randomly interspersed. The interspersion pattern can be analysed by mapping variant repeat units along an amplified allele, minisatellite variant repeat unit mapping PCR (MVR-PCR). We have applied microsatellite analysis with 10 markers and MVR-PCR for locus D7S21 to 33 cases of @entity14 , 27 sporadic and 6 from @entity1 suspected of having @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Of the 27 sporadic cases, 3 were @entity124 -high on microsatellite analysis and one @entity124 -low. Instability with MVR-PCR was observed, but only in the @entity124 -high cases. Four of the @entity14 @entity1 had mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutations in either @entity6756 or @entity4311 . All 4 had DNA instability by MVR-PCR, but only two of these had @entity124 (one high, one low). The other 2 of the 6 @entity1 with suspected @entity14 were negative to mutation analysis. One had features strongly suggestive of @entity14 and was unstable by both microsatellite analysis ( @entity124 -high) and by MVR-PCR. The other @entity5 , from an Amsterdam criteria positive kindred, did not demonstrate instability by any technique. Thus MVR-PCR detects DNA instability in @entity5 and in those associated with @entity14 where @entity124 is observed. Further, in some MMR mutation positive cases @entity124 was not seen but instability was observed by MVR-PCR. MVR-PCR may be a valuable adjunct to the detection of @entity5527 in @entity14 and it may allow new insights into the nature of DNA instability in this condition.

title: Minisatellite instability is found in XXXX with @entity5527 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-high sporadic tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['MMR deficiency']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia', 'HNPCC', 'hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumours']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The discovery of the @entity5344 susceptibility genes @entity5345 and @entity2674 has improved our ability to counsel @entity1 at increased risk of developing @entity5344 . The objective of our study was to identify the needs of @entity1 who have undergone genetic counselling and testing for @entity6069 and to determine the impact of receiving a positive @entity6069 result. This is the first study to report on a large group of @entity1 who have received positive @entity5345 /2 mutation results. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to 105 @entity1 who had received pre- and post-test genetic counselling for a positive @entity5345 /2 result at the University of Toronto or at McGill University in Montreal, Canada between the years of 1994 and 1998. The questionnaire items included @entity1 motivation for seeking genetic services, information needs, screening and prophylactic surgery practices, satisfaction with access to services and support, the desire for a support group, and overall client satisfaction. RESULTS: Seventy nine female carriers were surveyed. The majority of the respondents (77%) were satisfied with the information they received during the genetic counselling process. @entity1 with a previous diagnosis of @entity5 indicated that they needed more information relating to @entity5 treatment compared to @entity1 without @entity5 (p=0.05). Nineteen percent of the @entity1 felt they needed more support than was received. Fifty eight percent of the @entity1 reported that their screening practices had changed since they received their result. Young @entity1 (below the age of 50) and @entity1 with no previous diagnosis of @entity5 were most likely to have changed their screening practices. Nearly two thirds of the respondents said they had considered prophylactic surgery of the breasts or ovaries. Twenty eight percent of the @entity1 had prophylactic mastectomy and 54% had undergone prophylactic oophorectomy. @entity1 with an educational level of high school or more were more likely to have undergone prophylactic bilateral mastectomy than those with less education (p=0.07) but were less likely to undergo prophylactic oophorectomy (p=0.0007). CONCLUSION: These findings have a direct impact on the counselling and risk management of female BRCA mutation carriers. Age, education, and a previous diagnosis of @entity5 are important determinants in a @entity1 's decision making after receiving positive genetic test results.

title: An evaluation of needs of female XXXX and @entity2674 carriers undergoing genetic counselling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: The aim of our study was to retrospectively assess the effect of treatment on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity699 . Nineteen @entity1 (17 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; mean age +/- SD, 41 +/- 10 years; preoperative duration of disease 20 +/- 15 months) were studied. Six @entity1 had a @entity701 -producing @entity652 and 13 had pituitary-dependent @entity774 . @entity79 of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry just before and 1-10 years after adrenalectomy or pituitary adenomectomy. @entity1 were divided in two groups. The first group of 9 @entity1 (6 adrenal and 3 pituitary @entity652 ; group A) included those treated successfully by surgery ( > 5 years follow-up in the case of pituitary surgery). The second group of 10 @entity1 (group B) included those treated with the steroidogenesis inhibitor @entity3102 , 300-600 mg/day, after unsuccessful pituitary surgery. In group A, restoration of normal @entity701 was associated with a significant increase in @entity79 (from 829 +/- 112 mg/cm2 to 952 +/- 107 mg/cm2; p = 0.002). In group B, no changes in @entity79 were observed (from 857 +/- 160 to 847 +/- 163 mg/cm2), in spite of markedly decreased or normalized @entity701 levels during @entity3102 treatment. These findings indicate that definitive correction of @entity699 restores @entity79 to normal levels in @entity1 with @entity699 . In @entity1 treated with @entity3102 after unsuccessful pituitary surgery, even when normalization of @entity701 levels was achieved, @entity79 remained low. This would suggest an interfering effect of this drug on bone metabolism.

title: Recovery of @entity79 after surgical cure, but not by @entity3102 treatment, in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the @entity137 , efficacy, and pharmacology of @entity5747 in @entity1 with recurrent or progressive recurrent high-grade @entity11 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty adults were to receive @entity5747 . However, if no responses were seen in the first ten @entity1 , the study was to be terminated. A total of 12 @entity1 were enrolled onto this trial. Ten @entity1 had @entity463 multiforme, and 11 had received prior nitrosoureas. RESULTS: Drug-related @entity137 were modest and reversible. Three @entity1 developed grade 3 to 4 @entity1398 , @entity1142 , @entity294 , or @entity390 . No CNS @entity548 was observed. Median time to progression was 55 days (range, 17 to 242 days) and median survival was 191 days (range, 42 to 811 days). No partial or complete responses were seen at 12 weeks. However, the clinical outcome of three @entity1 suggests that evidence of @entity5747 activity may be delayed. One @entity1 who "progressed" after 12 weeks of @entity5747 had a subsequent marked reduction in @entity5 size and has maintained an excellent partial response for over 2 years without other therapy. Two others had disease stabilization and lived for 16 and 27 months. Pharmacokinetics from 11 @entity1 revealed that all reached target @entity5747 concentrations. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity5747 is well tolerated by @entity1 with recurrent high-grade @entity11 and may have efficacy in this disease. Its pharmacology seems unaffected by anticonvulsants. As a result of this data, @entity5747 and radiation are now being administered concurrently to @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 multiforme, with survival as the primary outcome.

title: @entity137 , efficacy, and pharmacology of XXXX in adults with recurrent high-grade @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity5747 :: (MESH:D013498,Chemical) :: ['suramin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to ascertain the utility of @entity859 thallium-201 tomography for assessing graft stenoses late after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. BACKGROUND: Although pharmacologic perfusion imaging has been increasingly used in the assessment of @entity1 with @entity453 , the value of this stress modality for detecting coronary artery bypass graft stenosis late after surgery is unknown. METHODS: We studied 109 @entity1 who underwent both @entity859 thallium-201 tomography and coronary angiography at 6.7 +/- 4.8 (mean +/- SD) years after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. @entity859 thallium-201 tomography was assessed quantitatively by computer-generated polar maps of the myocardial thallium-201 activity. RESULTS: On coronary angiography, significant graft stenoses were present in 68 @entity1 , 65 of whom had a corresponding perfusion defect as shown by thallium-201 tomography (sensitivity 96%). Significant stenoses were present in 107 (37.8%) of 283 grafts. The overall specificity by quantitative tomography was 61%. Seventy percent of the apparently false positive perfusion defects could be explained on the basis of @entity66 or by the presence of fixed defects in @entity1 with previous @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, results of @entity859 thallium-201 tomography are nearly always abnormal in @entity1 with late @entity3979 . Most of the false positive defects appear to be due to either @entity66 or a previous @entity583 .

title: XXXX thallium-201 tomography in evaluation of graft patency late after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['unbypassed native disease']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary graft stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine']


abstract: The subjects were 149 @entity1 (96 @entity1 , 53 @entity1 ) with @entity2954 only (n = 66), @entity281 only (n = 48), or both @entity2954 and @entity281 (n = 35). All @entity1 with @entity2954 were culture positive; all isolates cultured before treatment were sensitive to @entity800 . @entity281 was diagnosed by culture, inclusions being identified by indirect immunofluorescence. The @entity1 with @entity2954 received a single dose of 400 mg of @entity800 . Clinical and microbiologic cure was evident in 86 of 88 @entity1 evaluated at seven days after treatment and in 71 of 72 @entity1 at 14 days. Three @entity1 developed @entity6369 ; the cause was chlamydial in two. The @entity1 with @entity281 received 200 mg of @entity800 twice daily for seven days. Clinical and microbiologic cure was evident in all 78 @entity1 evaluated one day after treatment and in 73 of 74 @entity1 at 14 days. Side effects were reported by 11 @entity1 . It is concluded that @entity800 is a safe and effective treatment for uncomplicated @entity2954 in @entity1 with and without concurrent @entity281 .

title: @entity800 in the treatment of uncomplicated XXXX and @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['postgonococcal urethritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial infection', 'chlamydial infections', 'Chlamydial infection']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['gonorrhea']


abstract: @entity1793 ( @entity1793 ) are potent mitogens for @entity1 and @entity19 T cells. Extensive studies in @entity19 have demonstrated strict correlations between T-cell responses to individual @entity1793 and TCR V beta expression. Studies examining the TCR V beta expression of @entity1793 -activated @entity1 peripheral blood T cells also suggest close correlations, whereas the data reported using @entity1 @entity784 ( @entity784 ) are conflicting. We have determined the cDNA @entity11112 sequences of 52 different @entity1 @entity784 , expressing 35 different T-cell receptor V beta (TCRBV)-encoded sequences. The @entity784 were tested in proliferative assays using nine different @entity1793 . Most of these @entity784 express V beta s which have not been tested previously in studies examining interaction between @entity784 and @entity1793 . The @entity1793 stimulated a variable fraction (1/48-31/52) of the @entity784 . The ability of a given @entity1793 to stimulate @entity784 in many cases correlated with V beta expression, but several exceptions were found. With one possible exception, comparisons between deduced @entity535 sequences within the 'fourth hypervariable region' of the TCR beta chain and @entity1793 responsiveness did not reveal potential @entity1793 binding motifs. We conclude that the reactivity of T cells towards @entity1793 is governed mainly by their TCR V beta expression. However, the authors' results also suggest that the interaction between @entity1793 and @entity1 T cells may involve elements unidentified as yet which are in addition to the beta chain of the TCR.

title: Interactions between staphylococcal superantigens and @entity1 XXXX are predominantly but not exclusively governed by their T-cell receptor V beta usage.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['TCC', 'T-cell clones']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'Staphylococcal exotoxins']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell clones']


abstract: @entity1573 were raised with either translucent occluders or lenses, both under normal light cycles (12-h light/12-h dark) and in constant light (CL). Under normal light cycles, eyes with occluders became @entity735 with lenses became either relatively hyperopic (positive lenses) or myopic (negative lenses). After the treatment, retinal @entity935 (DA), @entity4925 , and @entity750 levels were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-EC). A significant drop in daytime retinal @entity4925 (-20%) was observed after 1 week of deprivation, and in both @entity4925 (-40%) and DA (-30%) after 2 weeks of deprivation. No changes in retinal @entity750 levels were found. Retinal DA or @entity4925 content remained unchanged after 2 or 4 days of lens wearing even though the lenses had already exerted their maximal effect on axial eye growth. When the @entity1573 were raised in CL, development of @entity1714 was reduced (8 days CL) or entirely blocked (13 days CL). Lens-induced changes in eye growth were not different after either 6 or 11 days in CL, compared to animals raised in a normal light cycle. Thirteen days of CL resulted in a dramatic reduction of DA and @entity4925 levels, but @entity750 levels were also lowered. The results suggest that lens-induced changes in refraction may not be dependent on dopaminergic pathways whereas @entity1714 requires normal diurnal DA rhythms to develop.

title: Constant light affects retinal @entity935 levels and blocks @entity1714 but not lens-induced refractive errors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'Chickens']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['very myopic, and eyes']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation myopia']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: @entity284 is a  -opioid receptor agonist widely used in the treatment of @entity4784 and @entity1118 conditions. @entity284 is metabolized predominantly in the liver by cytochromes P450 to its pharmacologically inactive primary metabolite @entity54880 . Initial in vitro data suggested that @entity5322 is the major isoform responsible for the in vivo clearance of @entity284 in @entity1 . However, recent clinical data have indicated that @entity11670 is actually the major isoform responsible for @entity284 metabolism and clearance in vivo. In this study, @entity284 was shown to act as a mechanism-based inactivator of @entity11670 . @entity284 inactivates @entity11670 in a time-, concentration-, and @entity1110 -dependent manner with a K(I) = 10.0  M and k(inact) = 0.027 min     . The loss of @entity11670 activity in the presence of @entity284 and @entity1110 occurred with concomitant loss of the reduced CO spectrum of the P450. Moreover, there was good correlation between the loss of @entity11670 activity and the loss of the CO-binding spectrum. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the native @entity1446 of the inactivated @entity11670 demonstrated that approximately 75% loss of @entity1446 was accompanied by comparable inactivation of @entity11670 . Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis did not reveal the formation of a protein adduct during the inactivation. The evidence strongly suggests that destruction of prosthetic @entity1446 is the underlying mechanism leading to the inactivation of @entity11670 by @entity284 .

title: Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 2B6 by XXXX through destruction of prosthetic @entity1446 .

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['narcotic addiction']

entities_list: @entity54880 :: ('MESH:C010724', 'Chemical') :: ['2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['Methadone', 'methadone']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: The @entity12652 ( @entity12652 ) is a @entity5426 which usually develops in female @entity1 after mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. A 55-year old @entity1 developed @entity12652 in her lymphedematous left arm seven years after breast-preserving surgery with axillary lymph node dissection and radiotherapy. Various therapies which have been employed are radiotherapy and isolated limb perfusion with cytostatic agents. Since our @entity1 had a huge lesion with additional chest wall involvement, neither approach represented a good option. Radiological staging showed no evidence of further lesions or @entity3 . We started infusion therapy with liposomal @entity632 (20 mg/m2 body surface) fort six cycles at regular intervals of 14 days. The @entity1 tolerated the therapy well. @entity5515 , a well-known side effect of @entity632 , did develop. Because the disease was stable, the therapy interval was increased to six weeks after the 6th cycle. The @entity1 has shown no recurrence for eight months. @entity12652 is a very rare variant of an @entity5426 with poor prognosis. The case report shows that liposomal @entity632 provides an effective therapeutic option.

title: [Successful treatment of XXXX with liposomal @entity632 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['Stewart-Treves syndrome', 'STS']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'lymphedema-associated angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia']

answer: @entity12652 :: (MESH:C537491,Disease) :: ['Stewart-Treves syndrome']


abstract: This was a prospective open comparative pilot study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of first-line @entity5305 monotherapy in childhood partial @entity302 . Two groups of @entity1 were recruited over the same period. The @entity5305 monotherapy group comprised 40 @entity1 (18 male, 22 female; mean age at last visit 7.5 years); the comparative @entity2049 monotherapy group comprised 40 consecutive clinic @entity1 (22 male, 18 female; mean age at last visit 7.8 years). @entity410 disappeared in 82% of @entity5305 @entity1 and in all @entity2049 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity302 , and in 50% of @entity5305 @entity1 and 55% of @entity2049 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity302 . Interictal EEG abnormalities decreased in @entity5305 @entity1 more than in @entity2049 @entity1 (P < 0.05). Tolerability was good in @entity5305 @entity1 , but four out of 37 showed mild @entity146 by the end of the trial. Persistent sedation was observed in eight of the 40 @entity1 receiving @entity2049 . No @entity1 had drug therapy discontinued because of side-effects. During @entity5305 long-term monotherapy, efficacy and good clinical tolerability were maintained. These results suggest that @entity5305 may be an alternative first-line treatment for childhood partial @entity302 . Further blinded comparative randomized trials are needed.

title: Prospective study of first-line XXXX monotherapy in childhood partial @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity5305 :: (MESH:D020888,Chemical) :: ['vigabatrin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the usefulness of voiding US of the bladder and retrovesical space with echo enhancement with that of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) for diagnosis of @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) and to assess @entity1 tolerance of the echo-enhancing agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eighty-eight @entity1 (aged 5 days to 20 years) referred for investigation of @entity3025 underwent voiding US with echo enhancement, which was followed by VCUG in 110 @entity1 (226 kidney-ureter units). After US of the renal tract, the bladder was filled with normal saline solution. Then SU U 508 A, a @entity3649 -based, microbubble-containing echo-enhancing agent, was administered. Reflux was diagnosed when microbubbles appeared in the ureter or pelvicalyceal system. RESULTS: @entity3025 was detected in 80 of the units with one (n = 18) or both (n = 62) methods. All grades of reflux were identified. In 15 units, reflux diagnosed at voiding US was not observed at VCUG; the reverse was true in three units. In 208 (92%) of the 226 kidney-ureter units, there was concordance between the two methods regarding the diagnosis or exclusion of @entity3025 . The echo-enhancing agent was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: SH U 508 A enhanced voiding US is as good as VCUG in the detection or exclusion of @entity3025 and thus will make it possible to reduce the number of @entity1 having to be exposed to ionizing radiation.

title: Reflux in young XXXX : comparison of voiding US of the bladder and retrovesical space with echo enhancement versus voiding cystourethrography for diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['VUR', 'vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To differentiate between the survival and success definitions of functional @entity692 (HA)-coated implant prosthesis. METHODS: A total of 248 implants (62 @entity1 ), 5-10 years in function, were evaluated. The implant distribution length was 8 mm (6.5%), 10 mm (29.4%), 13 mm (30.2%) and 15 mm (33.9%). The diameter was 3.25 mm (60.1%) and 4 mm (39.9%). @entity92 ( @entity92 ), gingival index (GI), height of keratinized mucosa (KM) and recession (REC) were measured. Periapical radiographs were taken to estimate the amount of crestal bone resorption (BL), mesially and distally, with the aid of a millimetric-scaled magnifying glass (x 8). Only implants that fulfilled the success rate criteria were considered as successful. All other functional implants were assigned to the non-successful group. All functional implant prostheses were defined as survival ones. RESULTS: The accumulative survival rate after 5 and 10 years was 94.4% and 92.8%, respectively. Accumulative success rates were 89.9% and 54%, respectively. Implants 13 and 15 mm in length (97.9% and 96.4%, respectively) had the highest survival rate, which was higher over implants 8 and 10 mm in length (75%, P<0.01 and 88.2%, respectively). The survival rate of 4 mm diameter implants compared with 3.25 mm was 96.5% and 90.3%, respectively (P=0.019). The average BL was 1.7, 0.92 and 2.79 mm for the survival, successful and non-successful defined implant groups. @entity92 was 3.26, 2.79 and 4 mm and GI was 0.96, 0.75 and 1.57, respectively. These measurements were statistically different between implant groups. KM and REC measurements showed similar scoring for all groups. A correlation was shown between successful and non-successful implants on the score of GI and @entity92 (P<0.001 in both). CONCLUSION: A distinguishable observation between survival and success rate was noted particularly in long-term observations. Implant length and diameter have an influence on the survival rate. Clinical parameter scores expressed an influence on the defined implant status.

title: A distinguishable observation between survival and success rate outcome of XXXX -coated implants in 5-10 years in function.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'Probing depth']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Testicular @entity134 hormone concentrations in plasma of early postnatal male @entity1707 were compared with plasma @entity134 hormone concentrations and @entity29562 concentrations in the fat of @entity1707 at market weight. Positive correlations were found between the concentrations of fat @entity29562 at market weight and the concentrations of plasma @entity29562 (r = 0.46; P < 0.01), @entity19517 (r = 0.42; P < 0.01), and @entity251 (r = 0.26; P < 0.05) at market weight. These correlations were not found in animals that had reached an advanced state of pubertal development as judged by high @entity19517 concentrations in plasma. Significant correlations were observed between plasma @entity251 concentrations at market weight and plasma concentrations of @entity29562 (r = 0.57; P < 0.05), and @entity19517 (r = 0.49; P < 0.05) in early postnatal animals. However, concentrations of @entity29562 in the fat of market weight animals were not correlated with plasma concentrations of @entity19517 , @entity29562 , or @entity251 in early postnatal animals. Plasma concentrations of @entity134 hormones in early postnatal animals cannot, therefore, be used to predict the potential for boar taint in the same animals at market weight. In market weight animals, there was a negative correlation (r = -0.57; P < 0.01) between backfat thickness and concentrations of @entity29562 in fat. Animals were subsequently sorted according to backfat thickness into lean and fat groups of animals. There was a strong, negative correlation between back-fat thickness and @entity29562 concentrations in fat (r = -0.80; P < 0.01), as well as a positive correlation between plasma @entity29562 and concentrations of @entity29562 in fat (r = 0.42; P < 0.05) among the lean group of animals. This was not seen in the fat group of animals. This suggests that the accumulation of @entity29562 from plasma into fat may be affected by the leanness of the @entity1707 .

title: Early postnatal plasma concentrations of testicular @entity134 hormones, pubertal development, and carcass leanness as potential indicators of boar taint in market weight intact male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity19517 :: ('MESH:C017296', 'Chemical') :: ['estrone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity29562 :: ('CHEBI:37894', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To date, the epidemiological studies of noncommunicable diseases in Latvia were more episodic and covered only selected areas. The first national cross-sectional population-based survey of @entity65 factors after regaining independence was carried out to provide reliable information on the @entity65 factor profile in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Computerized random sampling from the Registry of Latvian population was carried out. A total of 6000 enrolled subjects aged 25-74 years were divided into 10 age subgroups. The data of 3807 respondents (63.5% of all) were included into the final analysis. RESULTS: The mean number of @entity65 factors was 2.99  0.026 per subject: 3.45  0.043 and 2.72  0.030 for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Of all the respondents, 75.2% had an increased total @entity165 level. @entity1007 was found in almost 56% of @entity1 and 41% of @entity1 in the age group of 25-34 years. @entity4854 was documented in 34.1% of the respondents (41.6% of @entity1 and 29.8% of @entity1 ). More than two-thirds (67.8%) of the @entity1 were overweight, while @entity28 was found in 25.6% of @entity1 and 32.6% of @entity1 . Arterial @entity101 was identified in 44.8% of the respondents; its prevalence was higher in @entity1 than @entity1 (52.9% vs. 40.2%). There were more current smokers among @entity1 than @entity1 (30.5% vs. 11.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of @entity65 factors in Latvia were found to be relatively high. The data can be utilized as baseline characteristics that can be compared down the road including the monitoring of health prevention activities.

title: A population-based cross-sectional study of XXXX factor in Latvia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: The unstable, gene-rich chromosome region 17p11.2- @entity9287 is associated with various structural aberrations including supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs). In some cases, SMC(17)s utilize the same substrates for recombination as the common recurrent 17p11.2 and 17p12 rearrangements. We report on a 9-year-old @entity1 with a de novo mosaic SMC(17). The der(17) encompasses genetic material from 17p10- @entity1354 .2 and is present in 97% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and in 79% of buccal cells. The @entity1 has few features similar to individuals with duplication 17p11.2 including @entity1032 , @entity25 but has normal growth, and no structural @entity299 . She has no substantial @entity146 or @entity154 . Molecular analyses determined that the der(17) contains @entity33237 but not @entity12344 . We found one chromosome breakpoint within the centromere and the second breakpoint within the distal Smith-Magenis syndrome low-copy repeat (distal SMS-REP). Recently we characterized the breakpoints of three other marker chromosomes originating from the proximal short arm of chromosome 17. In all four cases, one breakpoint maps within the centromere and in three cases the second breakpoint maps within a low-copy repeat. We thus propose that genome architecture may play a significant role in the formation of marker chromosomes. We present the cytogenetic, molecular, and clinical data of this @entity1 and compare our results with those of @entity1 with dup(17)( @entity1354 .2p11.2) syndrome and other @entity1 with SMC(17).

title: Trisomy 17p10- XXXX due to mosaic supernumerary marker chromosome: delineation of molecular breakpoints and clinical phenotype, and comparison to other proximal 17p segmental duplications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the heart, kidneys, or brain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment, and sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity9287 :: (56655,Gene) :: ['p12']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate postoperative results of modified @entity22464 and its combination with oblique metatarsal osteotomy for the treatment of @entity4553 . METHODS: A total of 93 feet of 53 @entity1 (2 @entity1 and 51 @entity1 ) with @entity4553 underwent modified @entity22464 and were followed up for at least 5 years. @entity1 ' age ranged from 17 to 83 years, and the duration of follow-up ranged from 5 years one month to 18 years 4 months. Modified @entity22464 was performed on 53 feet in 31 @entity1 (group A), whereas modified @entity22464 was performed to the remaining 40 feet in 22 @entity1 (group B). Postoperative results were assessed using a clinical assessment system developed by the Tokyo Medical University based on 5 categories: @entity158 in the first metatarsophalangeal, deformity of the metatarsophalangeal, @entity52155 and/or @entity7529 of lesser metatarsals, the use of commercially available shoes, and local inflammatory symptoms. RESULTS: Mean total score improved from 3.8 to 7.9 on a 10-point scale. Scores for 2 categories-- @entity52155 and/or @entity7529 and the use commercially available shoes--were significantly higher in group B at postoperative 5 years. Before surgery, at postoperative 3 weeks, and at postoperative 5 years, respectively, the mean @entity4553 angles were 34.2, 12.0, and 17.1 degrees; mean M1-M2 angles were 16.7, 7.4, and 8.7 degrees; mean M1-M5 angles were 34.9, 25.8, and 26.6 degrees; and mean sesamoid bone shifts were 8.7 mm, 4.3 mm, and 5.9 mm. CONCLUSION: Modified @entity22464 shortens the length of the first metatarsal bone and thus relieves tension in soft tissues such as the adductor hallucis. Nonetheless, the procedure can induce @entity2720 and @entity7529 , and @entity52155 may develop or persist after surgery. Combining oblique metatarsal osteotomy of the lesser metatarsal bones is useful in @entity1 with uneven metatarsal bone lengths and @entity2720 .

title: Clinical results of modified @entity22464 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity22464 :: ('MESH:C567570', 'Disease') :: ["Mitchell's osteotomy augmented with oblique lesser metatarsal osteotomy", "Mitchell's osteotomy"]

entities_list: @entity52155 :: ('MESH:C566180', 'Disease') :: ['plantar callosity']

entities_list: @entity7529 :: ('MESH:D037061', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsalgia']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsophalangeal joint malalignment']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['hallux valgus augmented with oblique lesser metatarsal osteotomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate long-term safety and outcomes of palatal implants for @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity27 ( @entity27 ). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Continuation of a prospective case series of @entity1 with palatal implants. Polysomnography, @entity25 , and snoring intensity were measured at baseline, 90 days, and extended follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-two (42%) @entity1 from the previous study were followed for a median of 435.5 days. Thirteen were classified as responders, based on their 90-day evaluation. 76.9% of initial responders maintained improvements in @entity27 index (AHI), @entity25 , and snoring at extended follow-up. Nine @entity1 were initial nonresponders for AHI and @entity25 and remained unchanged at extended follow-up. However, snoring for these nine @entity1 initially improved, and the improvement continued through extended follow-up. CONCLUSION: Initial response or nonresponse to palatal implants remains stable over an extended period. The generalizability of these results is unknown because of significant loss to follow-up. SIGNIFICANCE: Study results report safety and beneficial long-term outcomes of palatal implants for mild to moderate @entity27 treatment in selected @entity1 .

title: Extended follow-up of palatal implants for XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['OSA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prosody is the faculty of language by which different meanings may be referred through variations in the tone, rhythm and accent with independence of the words and grammatical structures. Alteration of this sphere may modify the emotional components and proposals of the language. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of aprosody in a series of @entity1 with multiinfartion @entity303 , quantify the disorder and ascertain the factors to which it is related. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with criteria of multiinfarction @entity303 were included in the study. Aprosody was evaluated according to the Monrad-Krohn criteria. Neuropsychological examination included the MiniMental State Examination, the Blessed scale and the @entity63 scale. RESULTS: Changes were seen in the prosody of 13 @entity1 . Upon univariant statistical analysis a significant correlation was observed between the grade of alteration in prosody and the deterioration observed in the MiniMental and Blessed scale. This finding was confirmed following correction of the influence of depressive symptoms, age and time of evolution by multivariant analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The disturbances in prosody are a sensitive indicator of right hemisphere lesion in vascular @entity303 and are fundamentally related with the degree of @entity5122 .

title: [Emotional components of language in multi-infarct XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Hachinshi ischemic']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Surface proteins of @entity4195 are important virulence factors. Here we describe a novel collagen-like surface protein, designated SclA (streptococcal collagen-like surface protein). The sclA gene was identified in silico using the Streptococcal Genome Sequencing Project with the recently identified protein GRAB as the probe. SclA has a signal sequence and a cell wall attachment region containing the prototypic LPXTGX motif. The surface-exposed part of SclA contains a unique @entity2733 -terminal domain of 73 @entity1522 , followed by a collagen-like region. The sclA gene was found to be positively regulated by Mga, a transcriptional activator of several @entity4195 virulence determinants. A mutant lacking cell wall-associated SclA was constructed and was found to be as effective as wild-type bacteria in @entity1423 , survival in fresh @entity1 blood, and adherence to pharyngeal cells. The sclA gene was found in all 12 @entity4195 strains that were investigated using PCR. Sequence analysis revealed that the signal sequence and the cell wall attachment region are highly conserved. The collagen-like domain is variable in its @entity2733 -terminal region and has conserved repeated domains in its @entity1473 -terminal part. SclA proteins from most strains have additional @entity1521 -rich repeats spacing the collagen-like domain and the cell wall attachment sequence. The unique @entity2733 -terminal region is hypervariable, but computer predictions indicate a common secondary structure, with two alpha helices connected by a loop region. Immune selection may explain the hypervariability in the @entity2733 -terminal region, whereas the preserved secondary structure implies that this region has a common function. These features and the Mga regulation are shared with the M protein of @entity4195 . Moreover, as with the gene encoding the M protein, phylogenetic analysis indicates that horizontal gene transfer has contributed to the evolution of sclA.

title: SclA, a novel collagen-like surface protein of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'S. pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1 on hemodialysis exhibit a drastically increased cardiovascular mortality. @entity32 , @entity2265 and lack of @entity730 inhibitors are @entity5507 -associated risk factors for @entity729 . Functional and morphological vascular parameters are used to assess cardiovascular risk. The aim of our study was to analyse the relation between pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) with @entity730 inhibitors. METHODS: A cohort of 97 hemodialysis @entity1 was consecutively selected and investigated (age 56 +/- 9 years). Carotid-femoral @entity122 , @entity1004 , left ventricular ejection fraction and septum thickness were determined. These parameters were correlated with serum levels of CRP and @entity730 inhibitors ( @entity5363 and @entity2159 [ @entity2159 ]). RESULTS: Both @entity122 and @entity121 showed a positive correlation with age and systolic blood pressure and a negative correlation with Kt/V (dialysis efficiency). Additionally, @entity5363 was negatively associated with CRP and positively with @entity165 and @entity1674 . Serum levels of the @entity730 inhibitors @entity5363 and @entity2159 were not correlated to @entity122 or @entity121 . CONCLUSION: The lack of correlation of @entity730 inhibitors with @entity122 and @entity121 means that functional and morphological measurements of vascular properties can not necessarily be replaced by analysing "biomarkers".

title: [Is there a correlation between C-reactive protein and XXXX inhibitors with cardiovascular parameters and risk factors in hemodialysis @entity1 ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid IMT']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media-thickness']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, demographic, and clinical features of Pseudo Tumor Cerebri ( @entity12178 )/ @entity5576 (IIH) in Israel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chairpersons of all neurology and ophthalmology departments in Israel were asked to complete questionnaires regarding @entity1 diagnosed with @entity12178 from 1998 through 1999. Each questionnaire contained details regarding @entity1 's age, sex, country of birth, age at diagnosis, weight, height, presence of @entity28 , and the results of lumbar puncture, brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and/or magnetic resonance venography. RESULTS: Ninety-one @entity1 with @entity12178 were diagnosed during the years 1998 to 1999. Eighty-five (93.4%) @entity1 were females and six (6.6%) @entity1 were males. The calculated incidence of @entity12178 in the Israeli general population was 0.57 to 0.94 per 100,000 @entity1 , with incidences of 1.82 per 100,000 for @entity1 and 0.034 per 100,000 for @entity1 . The incidence for @entity1 during the childbirth years was 4.02 per 100,000. The female to male ratio was higher than previously reported for Western countries. CONCLUSIONS: Although the population of Israel is a mixture of @entity1 originating from Eastern and Western countries, the incidence of @entity12178 was found to be similar to that of Western countries. This finding is an additional support to the notion that @entity12178 is more common in @entity28 populations.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the experiences of family caregivers of @entity1 with @entity712 , despite the fact that these @entity1 have disabling symptoms and diminished functioning that could lead to caregiver stress. OBJECTIVES: Based on a caregiver model, the aims of this study were to (a) examine relationships among age, perceived control over managing heart problems, perceived difficulty with tasks, perceived outcomes, and perceived mental and general health among caregivers of @entity1 with @entity712 ; (b) describe caregivers' perceptions of control over managing heart problems; and (c) describe the tasks and outcomes perceived as being most difficult and negative by caregivers. METHODS: A sample of 21 family caregivers of @entity1 with @entity712 completed the study questionnaires. Most were @entity1 (n = 20), spouses (n = 20), and White (n = 18), with a mean age of 59.6 years. The @entity1 with @entity712 were male veterans with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II, III, or IV. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's rho correlations were used. RESULTS: Younger caregivers perceived their tasks to be more difficult and their mental health to be poorer. Caregivers' perceived control over managing heart problems was related moderately to poorer perceived mental health. Greater perceived difficulty with tasks was associated with negative perceptions of caregiver outcomes and poorer perceived mental health. Negative perceptions of caregiver outcomes were associated strongly with perceptions of poorer mental health. Performing household tasks and managing @entity1 behaviors were most difficult, and the caregiver's emotional and financial well-being, time for social activities, and general health had deteriorated. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results support the model. Future longitudinal studies are needed in larger samples to evaluate predictors of caregiver-perceived negative outcomes to identify priority areas for interventions.

title: Family caregiving in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Recently, we demonstrated that @entity7816 ( @entity7816 ) occurs in the @entity35 cerebellar Purkinje cell after differentiation and remains during neonatal development and into adulthood. @entity1816 dehydrogenase/delta5-delta4-isomerase (3betaHSD) is also an essential enzyme for @entity1420 biosynthesis not only in peripheral steroidogenic glands but also in the nervous system. In the present study, therefore, the expression of 3betaHSD in the @entity35 cerebellum was investigated during neonatal development and in the adult. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of 3betaHSD messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cerebellum was higher at 7-14 days of age than at other times. Biochemical studies together with HPLC analysis revealed that cerebellar slices at 10 days of age converted @entity3333 to @entity1420 , suggesting enzymatic activity of 3betaHSD. This conversion was significantly reduced by @entity16937 , a specific inhibitor of 3betaHSD. A specific RIA indicated that @entity1420 concentrations in the cerebellum were higher at 3 and 10 days of age than at 60 days of age. The @entity1420 level in the cerebellum was significantly higher than that in plasma at 10 days of age. In contrast, the concentrations in both cerebellum and plasma at 3 and 60 days of age were similar. In the present study, the site of 3betaHSD mRNA expression in the cerebellum was further examined in neonatal and adult @entity35 using in situ hybridization. The cerebellar expression of 3betaHSD mRNA was obscure at 3 days of age, whereas intense expression occurred in Purkinje cells and external granule cells throughout the cerebellum at 10 days of age. 3BetaHSD mRNA was also expressed in Purkinje cells and granule cells at 60 days of age, but a restricted expression was observed along the cerebellar meninges. These results suggest that the steroidogenic enzyme 3betaHSD as well as @entity7816 are expressed at least in the cerebellar Purkinje cell. The expression of 3betaHSD, however, may increase for a limited period around 10 days of age, unlike @entity7816 .

title: Expression and activity of @entity1816 dehydrogenase/delta5-delta4-isomerase in the XXXX Purkinje neuron during neonatal life.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3Beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity16937 :: ('MESH:C009954', 'Chemical') :: ['trilostane']

entities_list: @entity7816 :: ('29680(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme', 'P450scc']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Seven hundred @entity1 operated consecutively by the same surgical team for @entity1856 stenosis of the aortic bifurcation were followed up for 20 years with only 5 @entity1 lost to follow-up. There were 94.5% of @entity1 with a mean age of 58 years. The operative mortality was 2.7% with few deaths due to true cardiovascular causes (0.7% of @entity1 ). The secondary mortality was very high with two main causes: @entity5 (39% of @entity1 ) and @entity65 (37%). Other causes were responsible for only 24% of deaths. The principal complications of the prostheses were: infection (0.6% of operated @entity1 ), @entity715 (6.7%), pseudo- @entity439 of the aorta (1.57%) and pseudo- @entity439 of Scarpa's triangle (4%). The benefits of surgery are unquestionable both on terms of survival, as amputation, bed confinement and invalidity are avoided, and in terms of function, as amputation was avoided in 84% of the 32% of @entity1 in Stages III or IV before surgery. Only 5% of @entity1 were amputed during the observation period. Moreover, 79% of survivors had a good functional result at 15 years. Improvement of results depends on better hygienic measures, systematic screening for high risk @entity5 and a better management of the @entity455 with early treatment of other @entity455 (coronary, carotid) in order to reduce postoperative and mostly medium- and long-term cardiovascular mortality.

title: [Long-term results of aorto-bifemoral prostheses in the surgery for XXXX stenosis of the aortic bifurcation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease', 'arterial diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1856 :: (MESH:D058226,Disease) :: ['atheromatous']


abstract: PURPOSE: A number of previous studies have used direct maximum-likelihood methods to derive the values of radiobiological parameters of the linear-quadratic model for @entity135 from large clinical datasets. Time factors for accelerated repopulation were included, along with a lag period before the start of this repopulation. This study was performed to attempt to utilise these results from clinical datasets to compare treatment regimes in common clinical use in the UK, along with other schedules used historically in a number of clinical series in North America and elsewhere, and to determine if an optimal treatment regime could be derived based on these clinical data. METHODS: The biologically-based linear-quadratic model, applied to @entity5 control and late morbidity, has been used to derive theoretical optimum (maximising @entity5 control whilst not exceeding tolerance for late reactions) radiotherapy schedules based on daily fractions. The specific case of T2 @entity189 was considered as this is treated primarily by radiotherapy in many centers. Parameter values for local control were taken from previous analyses of several large single-center and national datasets. A time factor and a lag period were included in the modelling. Values for the alpha/beta ratio for late morbidity were used in the range 1-4 Gy, which is compatible with the limited range of values reported in the literature for particular complications following radiotherapy for @entity135 . Early reactions and their consequential late morbidity were not modelled in this study, but assumed to be within tolerance. RESULTS: For treatments using daily fractions there was a broad optimum treatment time of between 3-6 weeks. The theoretical optimum depended to some extent on the value of the alpha/beta ratio for late morbidity, but in many cases was at or just beyond the end of the purported lag period of 3-4 weeks, although small values of alpha/beta between 1-2 Gy favour longer treatment times. Similar results were obtained using a range of parameter values derived from four independent clinical datasets. CONCLUSION: The mathematical modelling of this broad range of once-daily treatments for most of which differences in local control and late morbidity are essentially undetectable (< 5%) has shown how this clinically-recognised phenomenon is interpreted in terms of the combination of dose-response slopes, fractionation sensitivities and time factors for both @entity5 control and normal tissue morbidity. Although the conclusions are inevitably tempered by a number of caveats concerning confounding factors in different centers; for example, the use of different treatment volumes, the present analysis provides a framework with which to explore the potential value of modifications to conventional treatment schedules, such as the use of multiple fractions per day.

title: Modelling the optimal radiotherapy regime for the control of T2 XXXX using parameters derived from several datasets.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clarify cerebral perfusion distribution and cognitive functions in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) according to the @entity519 levels and to assess if there is a relationship between @entity73 and cerebral perfusion index. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 with stable @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), 10 @entity1 with stable @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), and 10 age-matched healthy volunteers participated in the study. All subjects underwent a complete neuropsychological assessment with the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), Wechsler memory scale-revised (WMS-R), color trail test ( @entity6852 ), and grooved pegboard test (GPT). SPECT examination with Tc-99m HMPAO was performed in all @entity1 and controls. Quantitative analysis was performed by a region of interest (ROI)-based method. RESULTS: The scores of verbal memory, delayed recall and attention were significantly lower in @entity1030 @entity1 (p < 0.01). The scores of other subtests were similar in @entity1 and controls. Comparing @entity1030 @entity1 to @entity1030 groups showed that verbal memory was impaired in both groups, but delayed recall and attention scores were significantly worse in @entity1030 @entity1 than @entity1030 @entity1 . Perfusion indexes on frontal ROIs in @entity1030 @entity1 and frontal and parietal ROIs in @entity1030 @entity1 showed significant decreases. Our scintigraphic findings were correlated with the results of neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that cerebral perfusion is significantly altered in @entity1030 @entity1 . Hypoxemic @entity1 showed more deterioration in cerebral perfusion and cognitive performance than nonhypoxemic @entity1 . The relationship between decreased perfusion and @entity73 and the clinical significance of these results require further studies in larger populations.

title: Brain perfusion abnormalities in XXXX : comparison with @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration battery', 'MDB']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['nonhypoxemic COPD', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'HC', 'COPD', 'NHC', 'hypoxemic COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative modification of lipoproteins may play a significant role in atherogenesis. In this study, we hypothesized that the @entity68 chelator @entity23224 (L1) would function as an antioxidant and decrease @entity731 progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the in vitro studies, @entity1 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was collected and then subjected to oxidation by either hemin/ @entity274 or @entity3973 in the presence of various concentrations of L1. Lag time to oxidation was measured to assess antioxidant activity of L1. In addition, @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were subjected to oxidized LDL in the presence of varying concentrations of L1 to assess the antioxidant cytoprotective ability of L1. For the in vivo studies, @entity95 (n = 21) were maintained on a 0.25% by weight @entity165 diet for 10 weeks; 9 @entity95 also received twice daily L1 by gavage (total dose = 100 mg/kg/day). Lipid profiles were measured during the study. At 10 weeks, @entity95 were sacrificed, and thoracic aorta @entity165 content (TACC) and planimetry were determined to assess @entity731 severity. RESULTS: In vitro, L1 prevented oxidation of LDL and protected HUVEC from the cytotoxic effects of oxidized LDL in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, L1 reduced TACC (P = 0.001), while also significantly decreasing total plasma @entity165 (P = 0.003), very-low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (P = 0.01), and LDL @entity165 (P = 0.002) compared to control animals. However, no significant differences between L1-treated animals and controls were evident for the surface area of plaque involvement by planimetry (P = 0.3) or in the serum @entity68 levels (P = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that L1 possesses antioxidant activity in vitro and may reduce atherogenesis in vivo.

title: @entity68 and @entity731 : inhibition by the XXXX chelator @entity23224 (L1).

entities_list: @entity3973 :: ('MESH:D019327', 'Chemical') :: ['copper sulfate']

entities_list: @entity23224 :: ('MESH:C044919', 'Chemical') :: ['deferiprone']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The relationship between self-reported quality of life and disability and disease severity was evaluated in subjects with @entity177 (n = 110) in a prospective, 52-week, observational study. METHODS: Subjects had symptomatic crystal-proven @entity210 of at least 2 years' duration and intolerance or refractoriness to conventional urate-lowering therapy. Serum @entity414 (sUA) concentration, swollen and tender joint counts, frequency and severity of @entity210 , tophus assessments, comorbidities, and @entity1 -reported outcomes data [Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), Health Assessment Questionnaire-Damage Index] were collected. Analyses included correlations of @entity1 -reported outcomes with clinical variables and changes in clinical status. RESULTS: Mean age of study subjects was 59 years. Mean scores on SF-36 physical functioning subscales were 34.2-46.8, analogous to @entity1 aged >or= 75 years in the general population. Subjects with more severe @entity210 at baseline had worse @entity283 ( @entity283 ) in all areas (p < 0.02 for all measures), compared to @entity1 with mild-moderate disease. Number of flares reported in past year, number of @entity2720 , and tophi correlated significantly with some or all @entity283 and disability measures. sUA was not significantly correlated with any @entity283 or disability measure. Subjects with comorbidities experienced worse physical, but not mental, functioning. CONCLUSION: Severe @entity210 is associated with poor @entity283 and disability, especially for @entity1 who experience more @entity210 and have a greater number of involved joints. Subject perceptions of @entity210 -related functioning and @entity158 severity appear to be highly sensitive indicators of @entity283 and disability.

title: Quality of life and disability in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQOL', 'health-related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-failure gout']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tender joints, swollen joints']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['gout', 'gout flares']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['treatment-failure gout']


abstract: We have devised a novel, high-throughput functional cloning method to isolate cDNAs from plant pathogens of which the products elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) in plants. Copy DNA, made from RNA isolated from the @entity523 pathogen Cladosporium fulvum grown under nutrient-limiting conditions in vitro, was cloned into a binary, @entity415 virus X ( @entity41058 )-based expression vector and transformed to @entity3261 . 9600 colonies were individually toothpick-inoculated onto leaflets of @entity523 plants resistant to C. fulvum. Four cDNAs were identified whose expression induced formation of a @entity39 around the inoculation site. One of these clones, specifically inducing HR on @entity523 plants carrying the Cf-4 resistance gene, encodes race-specific elicitor AVR4. The other three cDNAs, inducing a non-genotype-specific HR, encode a protein highly homologous to bZIP, basic transcription factors. To determine whether this approach has general applicability, part of the library was also inoculated onto @entity286 NN, which is not a host for C. fulvum. Four independent HR-inducing cDNAs were identified which all encode ECP2, an extracellular protein of C. fulvum known to induce @entity39 in certain Nicotiana species. These observations confirm that this functional screening method is a versatile strategy to identify cDNAs of pathogens that encode (race-specific) elicitors and other HR-inducing proteins.

title: A functional cloning strategy, based on a binary XXXX -expression vector, to isolate HR-inducing cDNAs of plant pathogens.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun']

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic lesion']

answer: @entity41058 :: (12183,Species) :: ['PVX']


abstract: In an open study, a single oral dose of 400 mg of @entity800 was administered to 40 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 who required treatment for uncomplicated @entity2954 . Thirty-six @entity1 and 13 @entity1 were evaluable. @entity800 eradicated 49 of 49 urethral or endocervical @entity2954 and 1 of 1 pharyngeal infection. There were 55 pretreatment isolates of @entity6368 available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twenty-four (43.6%) produced penicillinase. Eighteen (32.7%) isolates that did not produce penicillinase had @entity114 MICs greater than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/mL. Twelve (21.8%) isolates had @entity803 MICs greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/mL. The geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentrations (range) for 55 pretreatment @entity6368 isolates were: @entity800 , 0.014 (.0078-.03) micrograms/mL; @entity114 , 6.30 (.125-128) micrograms/mL; and @entity803 1.61 (.03-128) micrograms/mL. There were few side effects. @entity800 appears to be an effective and safe oral therapy for the treatment of @entity281 caused by @entity6368 including @entity281 due to @entity114 - and @entity803 -resistant strains.

title: Evaluation of XXXX in the treatment of uncomplicated @entity2954 .

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal infections', 'gonococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['Ofloxacin', 'ofloxacin']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['ofloxacin']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of race on the outcome of @entity1 treated curatively with external beam irradiation for @entity263 . The study was performed between January 1980 and December 1993 of 1,529 @entity1 with @entity263 . Similar percentages of Caucasian @entity1 (CM) and African-American @entity1 (AAM) had localized disease (stages T1 and T2) and advanced stage disease (stage T3). There was no difference in crude survival by race (P = .13). At 5 years, crude survival by race was 75% for CM and 73% for AAM. At 10 years, the crude survivals, were 50% and 40%, respectively. Disease-specific survival rates were equivalent for AAM and CM (P = .66). The 5-year disease-specific survival was 83% for CM and 85% for AAM. At 10 years, the disease-specific survival was 65% for CM and 69% for AAM. There was no difference in disease-specific survival by race when stage-for-stage comparisons were made. Among those @entity1 referred for curative radiation therapy, AAM and CM had a similar age, stage, and grade distribution. This study demonstrated that there was no difference in disease-specific survival between CM and AAM treated curatively with radiation for @entity263 .

title: The influence of race on the efficacy of curative radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'carcinoma of the prostate']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the possible association of @entity53092 , @entity53093 and @entity32005 polymorphisms in @entity8950 ( @entity8950 ) gene with @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in postmenopausal Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: @entity53092 , @entity53093 and @entity32005 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 647 unrelated healthy postmenopausal Han Chinese @entity1 aged 43-76 years in Shanghai. @entity79 at lumbar spine 1-4 and the left proximal femur including the femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptionmetry in all subjects. RESULTS: The distribution of the @entity53092 , @entity53093 and @entity32005 genotypes in this population was as follows: QQ 80.5%, QR 18.7%, and RR 0.8%; TT 66.9%, TC 31.1%, and CC 2.0%; AA 68.0%, AV 29.7%, and VV 2.3%. The frequencies of the @entity53092 , @entity53093 and @entity32005 genotypes and alleles did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We found that the @entity53092 and @entity32005 polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium in our population (kappa2=13.50, P<0.01). Both before and after adjusting for age, years since menopause, height, and weight, the @entity53092 or @entity53093 genotypes were significantly associated with @entity79 at the femoral neck (P<0.05). Subjects with the @entity53092 QQ genotype or the @entity53093 TT genotype had a significantly higher @entity79 at the femoral neck, compared with those with the QR/RR or TC/CC genotypes, respectively. No significant association was found between @entity32005 polymorphism and @entity79 at any site. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the @entity8950 gene is a candidate for the genetic determination of @entity79 in postmenopausal Chinese @entity1 .

title: Association of polymorphisms in @entity8950 gene with @entity79 in postmenopausal Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity53092 :: ('p|SUB|Q|89|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q89R']

entities_list: @entity8950 :: ('4041', 'Gene') :: ['LRP5', 'low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity234 ( @entity234 ) is a major health problem in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The conventional methods for diagnosis of Old World @entity234 are difficult, insensitive, and hazardous. There is no recombinant antigen from old world @entity3911 species which can be commercially used for rapid diagnosis. There is an urgent need for a less invasive and accurate method. Here, we report a recombinant antigen from Indian @entity3911 for its diagnosis. The kinesin gene of a @entity3911 clinical isolate (KE16) from India was PCR amplified for cloning and the immunodominant domain was expressed in @entity526 . This recombinant protein or Ld-rKE16 was evaluated for serodiagnosis of Indian kala-azar by ELISA. The recombinant antigen was found to be 100% sensitive and specific for Old World @entity234 cases from India, Pakistan, China, and Turkey. The antigen showed no cross-reactivity with sera from other @entity66 or healthy controls. The expressed Ld-rKE16 antigen is highly specific and sensitive for diagnosing visceral and post-kala-azar @entity232 and is ready for commercialization.

title: Cloning, expression, and purification of a novel recombinant antigen from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'Visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['dermal leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3911 :: ('5661', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania donovani', 'L. donovani', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3911 :: (5661,Species) :: ['Leishmania donovani']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the patterns of recurrence of stage IB-IIA endometrioid @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ) with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study of 1988 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB-IIA @entity1204 @entity1 with @entity3 treated with surgery with or without radiation was conducted. Those with papillary serous or clear cell histologies and @entity1 treated with chemotherapy were excluded. Data regarding surgical-pathologic factors, treatment, and outcome were collected. Data were analyzed using    test, Kaplan-Meier estimates, and Cox multivariate proportional hazards models. RESULTS: From 1997 to 2008, we identified 131 @entity1 with @entity3 who met entry criteria among 5 institutions. Median age was 67 years (25%-75%: 60-75 years), and median follow-up was 4.25 years (25%-75%: 3-10 years). Following surgery, 45 @entity1 were observed (Obs), and 86 @entity1 received adjuvant radiation. We observed 30 total relapses 30/131 (23%): 11/45 (24%) in the Obs group and 19/86 (22%) in the adjuvant radiation group. Recurrence rates were similar between staged and unstaged @entity1 : 24% (20/84) and 21% (10/47), respectively. Among Obs @entity1 , 82% of relapses were local, whereas in @entity1 treated with adjuvant radiation, 84% were distant. Relapses were significantly associated with invasion of the lower uterine segment (LUS) (P = 0.035). Both @entity5 -related survival and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were not significantly impacted by adjuvant radiation, because of distant failure rates. Adjuvant radiation significantly improved pelvic control (P = 0.007). In a multivariate analysis, @entity1349 correlated with LUS invasion (P = 0.008) and was borderline-associated with stage (P = 0.06), whereas age (P = 0.12), grade (P = 0.31), myometrial invasion (P = 0.99), and radiation treatment (P = 0.23) were not. CONCLUSIONS: Overall recurrence rates for stage IB-IIA @entity1204 @entity1 with @entity3 are high (23%). Although adjuvant radiation therapy improved pelvic control, it did not impact recurrence rates, @entity5 -related survival, and @entity1349 , likely secondary to distant failures. The role of systemic therapy with or without radiotherapy for early-stage @entity1204 with @entity3 should be evaluated, particularly in @entity1 with high-grade @entity5 or involvement of the LUS.

title: Patterns of recurrence in stage I endometrioid XXXX with @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'EMCA']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion', 'LVSI']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Naturally occurring @entity595 in drinking water is a significant health concern in several areas of North America. Because the kidney is a known target organ to examine the effects of @entity595 or its compounds, the objective of this study was to determine whether kidney repair occurs after exposure to, and withdrawal of, @entity7524 (UN). This work, part of a larger study to establish safe levels of @entity595 in drinking water supplies, examined the ultrastructural changes in proximal tubule cells of New Zealand white @entity95 following subchronic exposure to UN in water and for 91 days after exposure ended. The @entity95 was chosen as the experimental animal because of its high sensitivity to @entity595 . Animals were exposed to 24 or 600 mg UN per liter (UN/L) in drinking water for 91 days, with no recovery or recovery periods of 45 or 91 days. Ultrastructural changes, quantified by a stereological image analysis system based on point counting, were observed in renal proximal tubules (PTs). Each electron micrograph was statistically considered an experimental unit. The severity of lesions was directly proportional to the dose. Animals exposed to 600 mg UN/L had the most severe lesions; nevertheless, alterations were remarkable in animals exposed to the low dose. At both recovery periods, the lesions were significantly more severe than those in animals of the no-recovery group, which may result from the kidney's ability to store @entity595 . The PT cells had increased lysosomal and vacuolar mass as well as variations in mitochondrial mass. In addition, there was epithelial cell degeneration with a focal loss of brush borders, thickening and splitting of tubular basement membrane, and occasionally cell @entity39 . @entity8 persisted as the recovery period increased in the animals of UN-dosed groups. Alterations may be due to disturbed fluid transport across the PT and other cells and decreased cell respiration resulting from damaged cell constituents. @entity131 caused by UN in drinking water persisted throughout the 91-day recovery period. By eventually determining the no observable effect level for the kidney by UN, this study may assist in devising a model to ascertain the safe levels of @entity595 in water.

title: XXXX -induced proximal tubule alterations in @entity95 : a quantitative analysis.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial fibrosis of the renal cortex']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Cell damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium']

entities_list: @entity7524 :: ('MESH:D014502', 'Chemical') :: ['uranyl nitrate']

answer: @entity7524 :: (MESH:D014502,Chemical) :: ['Uranyl nitrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Caesarean section rates are over 20% in many developed countries. The main diagnosis contributing to the high rate in nulliparae is @entity1266 or @entity1162 . The present review assesses the effects of a policy of early amniotomy with early @entity398 administration for the prevention of, or the therapy for, delay in labour progress. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of early augmentation with amniotomy and @entity398 for prevention of, or therapy for, delay in labour progress on the caesarean birth rate and on indicators of maternal and neonatal morbidity. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (15 February 2012), MEDLINE (1966 to 15 February 2012), EMBASE (1980 to 15 February 2012), CINAHL (1982 to 15 February 2012), MIDIRS (1985 to February 2012) and contacted authors for data from unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that compared @entity398 and amniotomy with expectant management. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three review authors extracted data independently. We stratified the analyses into 'Prevention Trials' and 'Therapy Trials' according to the status of the @entity1 at the time of randomization. @entity1 in the 'Prevention Trials' were unselected @entity1 , without slow progress in labour, who were randomized to a policy of early augmentation or to routine care. In 'Treatment Trials' @entity1 were eligible if they had an established delay in labour progress. MAIN RESULTS: For this update, we have included a further two new clinical trials. This updated review includes 14 trials, randomizing a total of 8033 @entity1 . The unstratified analysis found early intervention with amniotomy and @entity398 to be associated with a modest reduction in the risk of caesarean section; however, the confidence interval (CI) included the null effect (risk ratio (RR) 0.89; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.01; 14 trials; 8033 @entity1 ). In prevention trials, early augmentation was associated with a modest reduction in the number of caesarean births (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.99; 11 trials; 7753). A policy of early amniotomy and early @entity398 was associated with a shortened duration of labour (average mean difference (MD) - 1.28 hours; 95% CI -1.97 to -0.59; eight trials; 4816 @entity1 ). Sensitivity analyses excluding four trials with a full package of active management did not substantially affect the point estimate for risk of caesarean section (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.05; 10 trials; 5165 @entity1 ). We found no other significant effects for the other indicators of maternal or neonatal morbidity. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In prevention trials,  early intervention with amniotomy and @entity398 appears to be associated with a modest reduction in the rate of caesarean section over standard care.

title: Early amniotomy and early XXXX for prevention of, or therapy for, delay in first stage spontaneous labour compared with routine care.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged labour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Participants']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']