abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the practice and results of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in early central @entity2 (ECLC) based on the review of the literature and personal experience and to suggest the future role of PDT in such @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Literature search was made for articles on @entity2 . Only original articles with >10 @entity1 with ECLC treated by PDT were selected. Data collection aimed at providing information on number of @entity1 /lesions in the series, photosensitisers used, illumination method, mortality and morbidity, pathological response to treatment and survival. RESULTS: Fifteen articles (626 @entity1 /715 lesions) were selected. Indication for PDT in the majority had been ineligibility for operation. The drug of choice was @entity17654 followed by bronchoscopic illumination using a laser light after an interval of 48-72 h. There was one (0.15%) single death in the whole series. Adverse events consisted mainly of photosensitivity skin reaction (sunburn) 5-28% followed by @entity1576 0 -18% and non-fatal haemoptysis 0-7.8%. Complete response was recorded in 30-100% for 2-120 months. Five-year survival was 61% (estimated) for those series which have provided the survival data. The analysis highlighted the presence of multifocal lesions in ECLC @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the generally accepted indication of PDT in ECLC is for @entity1 ineligible to/or unsuitable for resectional surgery. It achieves a high rate of complete response (CR) and long-term survival. In the future PDT will find its role in @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: Update on the current indications, practice and results of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in early central XXXX (ECLC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['ECLC and multifocal lesions', 'lung cancer', 'PDT in lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Amatoxins are one of the most potent toxins that cause hepatic and @entity177 . However, this is the first report demonstrating an elevation of cardiac enzymes in a @entity1 with @entity4968 . A 56-year-old male was admitted to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) 42 h after an unknown type of mushroom ingestion. Hepatic, renal function tests, amylase and cardiac enzymes (troponin I, @entity908 kinase (CK), @entity5632 ) were found elevated in his blood chemistry. The electrocardiogram disclosed @entity7129 . Aggressive treatment with fluids, activated charcoal, @entity3397 and @entity28041 were started. The @entity1 was sent to hemodialysis because of @entity1696 . During follow-up, biochemical parameters and clinical findings improved. The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital following the arrangement of hemodialysis schedule because of the @entity177 . False elevations of cardiac markers may confuse the clinicians in differential diagnosis of @entity583 in @entity341 . In our @entity1 , amatoxins that have bound the actin filaments within myocardiocytes or renal cells and/or its effects as circulating anti-troponin antibodies might result in elevation of cardiac markers. Elevated cardiac enzyme levels without any @entity1187 are probable in @entity18277 cases involving amatoxin ingestion.

title: Renal and hepatic injury with elevated cardiac enzymes in XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity18277 :: ('MESH:D009145', 'Disease') :: ['mushroom poisoning']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['Amanita phalloides poisoning']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity5632 :: ('4151', 'Gene') :: ['CK-MB isoenzyme and myoglobin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity28041 :: ('MESH:C440975', 'Chemical') :: ['silibinin']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['Amanita phalloides poisoning']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize an in vivo model of @entity1 @entity788 suitable for chemotherapy and immunotherapy studies. In this study we report a 2-year experience in growing the MIA PaCa-2 (CRL 1420) @entity1 @entity788 cell line in 92 adult (8 weeks old) and 256 young (3-6 weeks old) @entity19 . Ten million @entity5 cells were transplanted into orthotopic (duodenal lobe of the pancreas) and/or heterotopic positions (hepatic and subcutaneous) and data on operative mortality, effect of @entity348 ( @entity348 ), @entity5 growth kinetics, and survival are presented comparing the two age groups. Operative mortality was due to anesthetic intolerance which was higher in the young @entity19 population (13.4% versus 5.7%). Adult @entity19 withstood @entity348 (500 rad) without mortality but young @entity19 were highly sensitive to radiation damage and their maximum tolerated dose (LD50) was 425-450 rad. @entity5 grew significantly more often in young compared to adult animals (97.9% versus 69%) and this finding was not affected by @entity348 (96.9% versus 75%), though @entity5 did appear more quickly after @entity348 . An average of 14.7 +/- 2.8 days was required for the subcutaneous @entity5 to become macroscopically apparent in the adult population compared with 3.1 +/- 0.8 days in the young @entity19 . The largest subcutaneous @entity5 diameter 28 days following @entity5 implant averaged 9.3 +/- 0.6 mm in the young animals and 5.5 +/- 1.7 mm in the adult population (P less than 0.01). Treatment of young @entity19 with @entity1 recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) (10,000 Units twice a day for 28 days) produced a 27% decrease in @entity5 growth. This effect was abolished by prior irradiation of the young @entity19 with 375 rad @entity348 . @entity788 growth also occurred more consistently in young than in adult animals (91.2% versus 64.3%) and irradiation did not affect pancreatic @entity5 take in either group. Occasionally intrapancreatic @entity5 growth was associated with liver metastases in animals that were killed after 28 days (17.8% in young and 22.2% in adult animals). However, when more than 45 days elapsed before sacrificing the animals, the incidence of hepatic metastases increased to 57.1%. This was slightly less than the incidence of @entity99 found after direct injection of @entity5 cells into the liver by portal vein injection (71.4%). Direct extension of @entity5 into surrounding tissues was common with frequent involvement of the duodenum (83.7%), kidneys (30.6%), and other intraabdominal organs (43.9%). Survival was significantly longer in adult compared to young @entity19 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The nude @entity19 as a model for the study of XXXX @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic tumor', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Subcutaneous tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In order to test the hypothesis that @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is merely an extension of the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep @entity386 / @entity387 (OSA/H) to less severe pharyngeal collapse during sleep, we compared the severity of @entity2147 and the prevalence of @entity22 in @entity27 @entity1 to the patterns observed for OSA/H @entity1 . Our goal was to determine whether the severity of @entity2147 and the prevalence of @entity22 observed in @entity27 @entity1 could have been predicted from the patterns observed among OSA/H @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of a large consecutive @entity1 series evaluated at an @entity25 center, including 220 OSA/H @entity1 and 137 @entity27 @entity1 . @entity1 had no other sleep-related diagnosis and underwent an initial evaluation that included a measure of @entity2147 [a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT); 95%] or @entity22 questionnaire (87%). @entity1 were characterized by anthropometric data, polysomnographic descriptive measures of sleep, MSLT data and @entity22 questionnaire data. RESULTS: Severity of @entity2147 decreased over the continuum from severe to mild OSA/H. A model fit to the OSA/H @entity1 to predict severity of @entity2147 significantly underestimated @entity2147 in @entity27 @entity1 , which was comparable in severity to that of @entity1 with mild OSA/H. The frequency of sleep-onset @entity22 increased over the continuum from severe to mild OSA/H and increased further in @entity27 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity27 is, in some respects, an extension of OSA/H to less severe pharyngeal collapse, but this does not adequately account for the symptom profile of @entity1 with @entity27 . A physical model is proposed to account for the excess somnolence in @entity27 relative to expectations and the increasing frequency of sleep-onset @entity22 along the continuum from severe OSA/H to @entity27 .

title: @entity2147 , @entity22 and the pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['UARS', 'upper airway resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolence']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['academic sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['upper airway resistance syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3596 during @entity590 is uncommon. The number of cases that are found in one single study are insufficient to identify and estimate the risks, causal factors and sequelae. One method of studying a large number of cases is to analyze reports of cases of awareness that have been published in scientific journals. METHODS: We conducted an electronic search of the literature in the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database for case reports on " @entity3596 " and "Anesthesia" for the time period between 1950 through August, 2005. We also manually searched references cited in these reports and in other articles on awareness. We used two surgical control groups for comparative purposes. The first group in a study by Sebel et al. consisted of @entity1 who did not experience awareness. The second group, from the 1996 data from the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery included @entity1 who received general @entity590 . We also used data from the National Center for Health Statistics to compare weight and Body Mass Index. RESULTS: We compared the data of 271 cases of awareness with 19,504 @entity1 who did not suffer it. Aware @entity1 were more likely to be females (P < 0.05), younger (P < 0.001) and to have cardiac and obstetrics operations (P < 0.0001). Only 35% reported the awareness episode during the stay in the recovery room. They received fewer anesthetic drugs (P < 0.0001), and were more likely to exhibit episodes of @entity591 and @entity101 during surgery (P < 0.0001). A much larger percentage of these @entity1 (52%, P < 0.0001) @entity86 related to awareness. Inability to move and feelings such as @entity425 , and hearing noises and voices were related to the persistence of complaints such as @entity25 and fear about future anesthetics (P < 0.041-0.0003). Twenty-two percent of the @entity1 suffered @entity1109 . CONCLUSIONS: Our review suggested light @entity590 and a history of awareness as risk factors. Obesity and avoidance of @entity3810 use did not seem to increase the risk. Light @entity590 was the most common cause. Our findings suggest preventive procedures that may lead to a decrease in the incidence of awareness.

title: @entity3596 during XXXX : risk factors, causes and sequelae: a review of reported cases in the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['late psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['Awareness']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['helplessness, sensation of weakness']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['voiced postoperative complaints']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity590 :: (MESH:D008305,Disease) :: ['anesthesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Basal ganglia and thalamic @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) show a poor natural history and have proven difficult to treat. We report the safety and efficacy of presurgical and preradiosurgical @entity887 of these deep central lesions and describe the contribution of @entity887 to multimodality treatment. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with basal ganglia and/or thalamic @entity2758 underwent @entity887 in a total of 69 sessions. Seven of the 38 @entity1 (18.4%) presented with @entity548 , and 23 of 38 (60.5%) exhibited @entity51 before therapy. Thirty @entity1 (78.9%) underwent @entity887 with a liquid adhesive (cyanoacrylate), and five of these @entity1 also underwent @entity887 with @entity4832 . Five @entity1 (13.2%) were treated with @entity4832 or @entity4832 and silk. One @entity1 (2.6%) underwent @entity887 alone, 19 (50.0%) underwent @entity887 followed by radiosurgery, 5 (13.2%) underwent @entity887 plus microsurgical resection, and 13 (34.2%) @entity1 were treated using all three modalities. RESULTS: Three @entity1 did not undergo @entity887 because of the morphological features of the @entity2758 and poor endovascular access. The @entity1 who underwent @entity887 achieved @entity7026 volume reductions of 10 to 100% (mean, 49.7%). Fifteen @entity1 (39.5%) achieved complete obliteration of their @entity2758 , one with @entity887 alone, three with @entity887 followed by radiosurgery, five with @entity887 plus microsurgical resection, and six with a combination of all three modalities. At the time of the last follow-up imaging session, @entity887 combined with radiosurgery (19 @entity1 ) yielded a mean volume reduction of 81.1%, and all three modalities (13 @entity1 ) yielded a mean reduction of 84.6%. Four permanent @entity51 resulted from @entity887 (5.8% of procedures, 10.5% of @entity1 ). The @entity887 -related complication rate was higher in the earlier years (1984-1989) of this series. CONCLUSION: Endovascular @entity887 plays an important role in multimodality treatment of @entity2758 involving the basal ganglia and/or thalamus. Embolization can result in obliteration of a significant volume of the @entity7026 and may allow complete obliteration of the @entity7026 when combined with microsurgical resection and/or stereotactic radiosurgery.

title: Embolization of basal ganglia and thalamic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: Lipoprotein metabolism has been investigated in a novel @entity1 @entity157 cell line, Mahlavu, which has been reported to possess the characteristics of hepatocytes. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was degraded by Mahlavu cells. LDL taken up by the cells suppressed intracellular @entity165 biosynthesis and promoted @entity165 esterification in a manner similar to that of HepG2 cells. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was also degraded by Mahlavu cells, whereas it was not degraded by fibroblasts. We compared the mode of intracellular metabolism of HDL to that of LDL. In contrast to the LDL receptor pathway, the degradation of HDL was not inhibited by 100 microM @entity503 added to the medium, indicating that the degradation may not occur in lysosomes. @entity165 taken up as HDL- @entity165 by the Mahlavu cells had no effect on the intracellular biosynthesis of @entity165 nor on @entity165 esterification. The conditioned media in which Mahlavu cells had been cultured did not promote the degradation of HDL, suggesting that HDL is degraded intracellularly. These data suggest that HDL is taken up and degraded by the liver cells in contrast to extrahepatic peripheral cells such as fibroblasts and macrophages in which the degradation of HDL does not occur. The results indicate that HDL-associated @entity165 may be processed via a pathway different from that of LDL metabolism and that the degradation of HDL occurs extralysosomally.

title: Extralysosomal degradation of high-density lipoproteins in a XXXX @entity157 cell line, Mahlavu.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity4036 is a common feature of decompensated @entity82 . However, literature on elective @entity547 repair in these @entity1 is limited. Here we report the experience of our center. METHODOLOGY: Eleven hernias (seven umbilical, three inguinal and one incisional) in nine @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 were repaired. The indication for operation was repeated incarceration in two @entity1 and significant @entity158 in four; three @entity1 with @entity14147 had @entity1066 and @entity39 of the overlying skin. Pre-operatively, medical therapy of @entity843 was conducted at the hepatology unit. @entity14147 were treated with the classic Mayo repair; in all cases but two, this was buttressed with a prolene graft. One @entity169 was repaired with the plication-darn technique; the other two and the incisional @entity547 were repaired with prolene grafts. RESULTS: There was no mortality. One @entity1 had a @entity1410 ; two @entity1 had leakage of @entity843 into the wound. Seven @entity1 were followed up. Four @entity1 died without recurrence after a median period of 12 months (range 6-22). The other @entity1 have no recurrence at 1, 10 and 40 months post-operatively. CONCLUSIONS: Umbilical and @entity169 in @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 may be repaired safely on an elective basis. Control of @entity843 is vital for success.

title: Elective repair of XXXX in decompensated @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal wall hernia']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal hematoma']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['Umbilical hernias', 'umbilical hernias']

answer: @entity4036 :: (MESH:D046449,Disease) :: ['abdominal wall hernias']


abstract: @entity101 is a major risk factor for @entity64 . Neurovascular compression (NC) of the left ventrolateral medulla oblongata may cause arterial @entity101 . We evaluated the relationship between the two @entity385 @entity1 . We classified 69 @entity1 under 50 years old (49 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 , aged 43.6 +/- 7.3 years) based on magnetic resonance imaging findings as follows: NC @entity1 (n = 38; 10 with NC on the right side, 18 with NC on the left side, and 10 with NC on both sides) and non-NC @entity1 (n = 31). We compared the following clinical characteristics between the two groups: (1) risk factors for @entity64 , including @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity1007 , and smoking and (2) @entity64 subtype. @entity101 was more frequent in the NC group than in the non-NC group (58 vs. 19%, p = 0.001). @entity101 was more frequent in @entity1 with left-side NC than in those with right-side NC (78 vs. 20%, p = 0.005). No other differences were observed between the two groups. Twelve @entity1 presented with @entity64 , 16 with @entity64 , 24 with @entity64 and 17 with @entity64 of miscellaneous etiology. NC was significantly more common in @entity1 with @entity64 as compared with those affected by other @entity64 subtypes (p = 0.015). We found a significant relationship between @entity101 and NC of the ventrolateral medulla oblongata on the left side in @entity385 @entity1 younger than 50 years of age. Some @entity1 with @entity64 may have hyptertension related to NC.

title: @entity101 and neurovascular compression of the left lateral medulla oblongata in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'atherothrombotic stroke', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: An important cellular event associated with reduced structural and functional recovery after @entity64 in aged animals is the early formation of a scar in the infarcted region that impairs neural recovery and repair. Despite the detrimental impact of @entity1188 formation, the brain regions and cell types that supply the components of the scar are not well characterized. We hypothesized that premature cerebral scar formation in aged animals is associated with an altered cellular response to @entity2806 . Focal @entity2806 was produced by reversible occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery in 3 month- and 20 month-old male @entity35 . After 3, 7, 14, and 28 days, brain tissue was subjected to real-time reverse-transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunostaining for 1) a cellular proliferation marker ( @entity1603 ); 2) a neuroepithelial marker (nestin); 3) an astrocytic marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]); 4) a neuronal marker, @entity15990 ) a basal lamina marker (laminin), and analyzed using 3D-reconstruction of confocal images. In this model the @entity1188 was localized primarily in the parietal cortex. By RT-PCR there was a robust increase in nestin mRNA transcripts shortly after @entity64 , and this increase was particularly intense in aged @entity35 . Accordantly, we found in aged @entity35 a rapid delimitation of the @entity1188 area by nestin-positive cells and an early incorporation of these cells into the @entity66 . The capillaries of the corpus callosum were the major source of proliferating, nestin-positive cells, many of which were also immunoreactive for @entity15990 , although a smaller population of nestin cells were associated with the ventricular walls. Despite the proliferation of nestin cells, they did not make a significant contribution to neurogenesis in the infarcted cortex, possibly because the corpus callosum impedes the migration of subventricular zone-derived nestin-positive cells into the lesioned area. We conclude that: (i) the aged brain has the capability to mount a cytoproliferative response to injury, but the timing of the cellular and genetic reaction to cerebral insult is accelerated in aged animals; (ii) the proliferating cells contribute to the formation of the @entity66 , but few of the cells appear to become neurons; and (iii) the vasculature plays a hitherto unrecognized role as a source of proliferating cells after @entity64 . Because capillary-derived cells help to form the @entity66 , elucidating the molecular basis of this phenomenon and its acceleration in the aging brain could yield novel approaches to enhancing neurorestoration in the elderly.

title: Accelerated delimitation of the XXXX zone by capillary-derived nestin-positive cells in aged @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity15990 :: ('84394(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['doublecortin; and 5', 'doublecortin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarct scar']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the seminal concentrations of four different @entity2661 and their association with semen quality. Seminal concentrations of @entity1425 , @entity1063 , @entity9191 ( @entity9191 ), and @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) were determined in 13 healthy volunteers, using high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector. In addition, semen analysis was performed. @entity1063 and @entity9191 were present in all specimens with a concentration of 15 181+/- 2951 pg ml(-1) and 4023 +/- 429 pg ml(-1) (mean +/- SE), respectively. These concentrations are respectively 19 times (range: 3-44) and twice (range: 1-3) as high as the maximal normal concentration in plasma. Adrenaline was present in 10 and @entity4925 in seven of 13 specimens. No correlation was found between the concentration of any of the @entity2661 evaluated and semen characteristics. In conclusion, @entity1063 and @entity9191 are present in @entity1 semen at concentrations that are much higher than maximal normal values in plasma. Adrenaline and @entity4925 were also found in some of the samples. The concentrations of @entity2661 in semen are not associated with semen quality.

title: High levels of @entity2661 in XXXX semen: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity9191 :: ('MESH:D004295', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine', 'DOPA']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of acute moderate @entity519 and rest duration on performance and on the accumulated @entity26 deficit (AOD) in high-intensity intermittent efforts. After preliminary tests, 2 groups of nonacclimatized @entity1 (resident at 690 m above sea level) carried out 3 randomized protocols of effort ( @entity15200 , @entity15201 , and @entity10405 ) on 3 different days. These tests were performed at acute moderate altitude (2,320 m) by the @entity519 group (H) and in normoxia by the normoxia group (N). During @entity15200 the subjects ran a maximum of five 400-m sprints (90% intensity) on a treadmill, with a pause between efforts of 1 minute. In @entity15201 and @entity10405 the same protocol was repeated, increasing the rest period between sprints to 2 and 5 minutes, respectively. Lactate accumulation and exhaled gases were measured during the tests. Accumulated @entity26 deficit was calculated for each sprint. The total AOD (SigmaAOD) for each type of protocol was determined to be the sum of the corresponding accumulated deficits. The AODs were influenced by the length of rest period (p < 0.05) but not by H. The increase in recovery time between sprints increased the SigmaAOD (7,843 +/- 4,435 vs. 7,137 +/- 2,117 ml; 11,013 +/- 4,616 vs. 9,931 +/- 2,731 ml; 12,611 +/- 4,594 vs. 12,907 +/- 3,085 ml for H and N in @entity15200 , @entity15201 , and @entity10405 , respectively). The AOD increased in value when the same sprint was compared from @entity15200 to @entity10405 (p < 0.05). The results obtained show that exposure to acute moderate altitude does not affect the anaerobic pathway contribution in intermittent high-intensity exercises. Performance during this type of repeated effort is not altered during acute exposure to moderate altitude, which should be taken into account when an acclimatizing period is not possible.

title: The effect of acute moderate XXXX on accumulated @entity26 deficit during intermittent exercise in nonacclimatized @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Mycobacteria were isolated and characterised from 49 @entity468 with extensive infections of the subcutis and skin. @entity468 were generally between 3 and 10 years of age, and female @entity468 were markedly over-represented. All isolates were rapid-growers and identified as either Mycobacteria smegmatis (40 strains) or M fortuitum (nine strains). On the basis of Etest for minimum inhibitory concentration and/or disc diffusion susceptibility testing, all strains of @entity7666 were susceptible to trimethoprim while all strains of M fortuitum were resistant. @entity7666 strains were typically susceptible to @entity3403 , @entity801 and @entity2887 but not @entity4581 . All M fortuitum strains were susceptible to @entity2887 , and often also susceptible to @entity801 , @entity3403 and @entity4581 . Generally, @entity7666 strains were more susceptible to antimicrobial agents than M fortuitum strains. Treatment of mycobacterial @entity3139 involves long courses of antimicrobial agents, typically of 3-6 months, chosen on the basis of in vitro susceptibility testing and often combined with extensive surgical debridement and wound reconstruction. These therapies will result in effective cure of the disease. One or a combination of @entity3403 , @entity2177 / @entity14116 or @entity4581 are the drugs of choice for long-term oral therapy.

title: Infection of the subcutis and skin of XXXX with rapidly growing mycobacteria: a review of microbiological and clinical findings.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity14116 :: ('MESH:C052904', 'Chemical') :: ['enrofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large defects in @entity1 with @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) are frequently closed with a @entity736 patch (PTFE). Intraoperative problems include lack of abdominal domain for the reduction of organs and closure of the abdominal wall. Main surgical @entity260 is the recurrence of the @entity547 . We suggest a new and easy method of patch implantation, improving these problems, and report first follow-up results. METHODS: In our clinic, 103 @entity1 with @entity2914 were treated, and 87 @entity1 underwent reconstruction of the diaphragm in the 5 years between 1998 and 2002. In 52 @entity1 , a patch implantation had to be performed. We have been optimizing our complete pediatric and surgical procedure and present a new standardized technique of preparation and implantation of a PTFE patch. The flat patch is folded to a 90 degrees cone. The cone is fixed in its form with few single stitches. It is implanted with an overlapping border of 1 cm circumferentially. The border is separately fixed with absorbable single stitches to keep from rolling up. The rough side of the patch points toward the rim of the diaphragm to enable ingrowth of the connective tissue. In a 1-year follow-up study, the recurrences in the 3 following groups of @entity736 patches were studied: conventional implantation (simple patch without overlapping border), patch with separately fixed overlapping border, and cone-shaped patch with overlapping separately fixed border. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were included in the study. After conventional PTFE-patch implantation, 6 (46%) of 13 @entity1 developed reherniation. After PTFE-patch implantation with separately fixed overlapping border, 1 (11%) of 9 @entity1 had a recurrent @entity547 . In the group with the PTFE-cone implantation, 1 (9%) of 11 @entity1 developed a recurrence. Meanwhile, another 20 @entity2914 @entity1 received implantation of a cone-shaped patch, and no further recurrence occurred up to now. With the additional space (20 mL) provided by the cone-shaped patch, the closure of the abdomen was easier, and the fundus had intraoperatively a physiological position. CONCLUSION: This optimized patch implantation technique in large diaphragmatic defects offers considerable advantages especially regarding recurrence of the @entity547 and closure of the abdomen, which are currently the most challenging surgical problems. 1. The cone-shaped 3-dimensional patch increases abdominal capacity. 2. Redundant chest capacity is reduced, and the reconstructed diaphragm shows a physiological shape. 3. The dome of the patch allows a physiological position of the gastric fundus and a normal Hiss angle, thus preventing @entity354 . 4. Additional safety of the implantation is achieved by separate fixation of the overlapping border of the cone, preventing recurrence.

title: Implantation of a cone-shaped double-fixed patch increases abdominal space and prevents recurrence of large defects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: Neuropsychological test performance and subjective complaints of 85 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity542 were investigated at 6 months postinjury. The neuropsychological test battery included 10 measures of attention, memory, mental flexibility, reaction time, visuoconstruction and verbal fluency. Subjective complaints were assessed using a self-report questionnaire subdivided into four subscales (somatic, cognitive, emotional and behavioural). Ratings were obtained for the @entity130 and current status. Thirty-three @entity130 @entity1 with @entity130 to other parts of the body than the head were used as controls. For the head injured, relatives also completed the questionnaire. Head injured @entity1 performed significantly below @entity130 control @entity1 on nearly all test measures. Head injured @entity1 and their relatives reported a significant increase in subjective complaints since the injury on all four subscales, with no differences between @entity1 ' and relatives' reports. These changes were also reported by the @entity130 controls, but they report fewer changes in somatic and cognitive functioning. Exploratory canonical correlation analyses revealed no correlations between any of the four scales of the questionnaire and the test measures, nor for the head injured, the @entity130 controls, or the relatives, indicating no relevant relationship between subjective complaints and neuropsychological test performance.

title: Subjective complaints versus neuropsychological test performance after moderate to severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pre-injury', 'injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional testing of baroreflex function with @entity2647 bolus injection measures reflex vagal tone. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an alternative pharmacological method of baroreflex testing, which might provide more comprehensive evaluation of the baroreflex function in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity583 . METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1 , aged 59 +/- 7 years, were evaluated 5-7 days after @entity583 and after 6 weeks of rehabilitation. Baroreflex testing was performed with 10-14 incremental injections of @entity1854 and @entity2647 . The peak heart rate and blood pressure point from each injection were fitted to a four parameter (upper plateau, lower plateau, gain and median blood pressure) sigmoid logistic function. The baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) was also measured by conventional linear analysis of the response of the R-R interval to the initial rise in systolic blood pressure induced by @entity2647 bolus injection. RESULTS: Non-linear curve fitting of four logistic curve parameters was possible for results from 91% of tests; in the remaining tests the upper plateau was held constant at the maximum heart-rate response to allow estimation of the other three parameters. When all four parameters had been estimated, the gain parameter could not be precisely determined (the @entity1017 was 85 +/- 10%). The upper (R = 0.72, P < 0.001) and lower plateaux (R = 0.76, P < 0.001) were strongly related to the resting heart rate and weakly related to measures of heart-rate variability. There was also a significant inverse correlation between the lower plateau and the @entity4375 (R = -0.57, P < 0.001). The gain parameter was not related to the @entity4375 or any measure of the heart-rate variability. After 6 weeks' rehabilitation there was a significant decrease in the lower plateau (from 54 +/- 2 to 48 +/- 1 beats/min, P < 0.001), an increase in @entity4375 (from 9.4 +/- 0.8 to 12.1 +/- 0.8 ms/mmHg, P < 0.001) and no change in the other three sigmoid curve parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Non-linear curve fitting of the heart-rate-blood-pressure relationship for @entity1 after @entity583 is feasible but technical limitations and the lack of correlation between the gain parameter and other measures of autonomic function suggest that this method has limited usefulness. The lower plateau is related strongly to the @entity4375 ; both are vagal measures of cardiac autonomic function.

title: Limited utility of the @entity2647 - @entity1854 sigmoid curve method of measuring baroreflex function after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['coefficient of variation of the gain parameter']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate in vivo the efficacy of a newly developed breast radiofrequency (RF) ablation system in @entity1 small invasive @entity0 in terms of induction of @entity39 , reproducibility of ablation lesion size and shape, and cosmetic outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study had institutional review board approval, and written informed consent was obtained. Thirty-four postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age, 53 years +/- 5 [standard deviation]; range, 49-62 years) with small (< or = 2 cm) biopsy-proved invasive @entity0 were enrolled. RF energy was delivered through a 25-mm 15-gauge monopolar cool-tip needle electrode by using the temperature-controlled mode. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to their breast pattern as assessed at mammography. The volumetric size and geometry of the coagulation zone, together with ablation time, were determined. Histopathologic data were compared with postprocedural 3.0-T contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images. Cosmesis after RF ablation was assessed. Four weeks after RF ablation, @entity1 underwent definitive surgery. RESULTS: All ablation procedures were performed successfully. For 97% of the procedures, @entity2125 in its reduced form-diaphorase staining showed no evidence of viable cells. The mean induced ablation volume, as assessed with histologic analysis, was 12.50 cm(3) +/- 0.8. Tumor ablation volume on the postablation MR images showed good correlation with results of histopathologic analysis (r = 0.823, P < .005). No differences were observed in terms of duration of the procedure or ablation volume with respect to the glandular pattern of the breast (P > .05 for both). The general shape of the induced @entity39 was close to a sphere in all cases. Cosmesis was excellent in 28 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A dedicated breast cool-tip RF ablation system can induce @entity39 and reproducible ablation volumes independently of breast glandular pattern, providing excellent cosmesis. Postablation MR images are a reliable tool in predicting histologic findings.

title: XXXX : in vivo percutaneous US-guided radiofrequency ablation with dedicated cool-tip radiofrequency system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['ductal breast carcinomas', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'complete tumor necrosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Small breast cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity876 mutation and @entity588 overexpression is correlated with @entity263 . This study investigated the correlation of @entity876 and @entity588 immunoreactivity frequency with histopathological features in @entity1 with @entity263 in Taiwan. METHODS: Primary @entity420 from 125 radical prostatectomy specimens were stained using commercial monoclonal antibodies. Association between immunohistochemical findings and @entity5 extent, Gleason score and preoperative @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) levels were assessed. RESULTS: Abnormal @entity876 expression was identified in 44 @entity5 (35.2%) and was correlated with high serum @entity1486 (p=0.022) and advanced disease (p=0.005), but not Gleason score. @entity5 (8%) expressed @entity588 . A significant positive association was found between @entity588 and @entity1486 (p=0.034). There was no association between @entity876 and @entity588 immunopositivity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity876 mutation was positively correlated with serum @entity1486 and @entity5 extent. Overexpression of @entity588 was associated with high serum @entity1486 only.

title: Correlation of @entity876 protein accumulation and XXXX overexpression with histopathological features in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Ten tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the immune protection of @entity2042 @entity844 binding protein (Sj14FABP) DNA vaccine enhanced by IL-12. METHODS: The recombinant plasmids pVIVO2-Sj14FABP and pVIVO2-IL12-Sj14FABP were constructed respectively, and were prepared on a large scale after identification. 48 male BALB/c @entity19 were divided into 4 groups randomly. In group A, B, C, and D, each @entity19 was injected intramuscularly with 100 microl 0.9% @entity1219 , 100 microg pVIVO2, 100 microg pVIVO2-Sj14FABP and 100 microg pVIVO2-IL12-Sj14FABP respectively. 30 days after immunization each @entity19 was challenged with 40 +/- 2 cercariae of @entity2043 . On day 45 after challenge, all @entity19 were sacrificed to count the number of recovered adult worms and the hepatic eggs. Sera from @entity19 were used to detect IgG antibody. The production of @entity2047 , @entity58 and @entity60 in the supernatant of spleen cells was observed by means of sandwich ABC-ELISA. RESULTS: The recombinant plasmids pVIVO2-Sj14FABP and pVIVO2-IL12-Sj14FABP were constructed. The worm reduction rate in group C and D was 24.11% and 39.4%, as well as liver egg reduction rate of 27.2% and 32.8% respectively. The level of @entity2047 and @entity60 in group D increased significantly, while @entity58 secretion decreased (P < 0.01). 30 days after immunization, no higher titer of IgG antibody was shown in all groups. Furthermore, no significant difference on the level of IgG was found among the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sj14FABP DNA vaccine induces partial protective immunity in BALB/c @entity19 . IL-12 drives the immune response toward a Th1 direction, and enhances the protective immune effect of the vaccine.

title: [The adjuvant effect of IL-12 on protective immunity of @entity2042 XXXX binding protein (Sj14FABP)].

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Biostatistical models to predict stage or outcome in @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 with pretreatment @entity1486 (PSA), Gleason sum on biopsy or prostatectomy specimen, clinical or pathological stage and other variables, including ethnicity, have been developed. However, to date models have relied on small subsets from academic centers or military populations that may not be representative. Our study validates and updates a model published previously with the @entity5 of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE, UCSF, Urology Outcomes Research Group and TAP Pharmaceutical Products, Inc.), a large multicenter, community based @entity263 database and Center for @entity4623 Research (CPDR), a large military database. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We validated a biostatistical model that includes pretreatment PSA, highest Gleason sum on prostatectomy specimen, prostatectomy organ confinement status and ethnicity, including @entity62 @entity1 . We then revised it with the Cox regression analysis of the combined 503 PSA era surgical cases from the CPDR prospective @entity5 database and 1,012 from the @entity263 outcomes database. RESULTS: The original equation with 3 risk groups stratified CaPSURE cases into distinct categories with 7-year disease-free survival rates of 72%, 42.1% and 27.6% for low, intermediate and high risk @entity1 , respectively. Parameter estimates obtained from a Cox regression analysis provided a revised model equation that calculated the relative risk of recurrence as: exponent (exp)[(0.54 x Race) + (0.05 x sigmoidal transformation of PSA [PSA(ST)]) + (0.23 x Postop Gleason) + (0.69 x Pathologic stage). The relative risk of recurrence, as calculated by the aforementioned equation, was used to stratify the cases into 4 risk groups. Very low-4.7 or less, low-4.7 to 7.1, high-7.1 to 16.7 and very high-greater than 16.7, and @entity1 at risk had 7-year disease-free survival rates of 85.4%, 66.0%, 50.6% and 21.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: With a broad cohort of community based, academic and military cases, we developed an equation that stratifies @entity1 into 4 discrete risk groups of recurrence after radical prostatectomy and confirmed use of a prior 3 risk group model. Although the variables of ethnicity, pretreatment PSA, highest Gleason sum on prostatectomy specimen and organ confinement status on surgical pathology upon which the model is based are easily obtained, more refined modeling with additional variables are needed to improve prediction of intermediate risk in individuals.

title: Predicting risk of XXXX recurrence after radical prostatectomy with the Center for @entity4623 Research and @entity5 of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor databases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'CaPSURE prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Disease']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white and black']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effect of routine use of prophylactic oral @entity1033 after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for @entity778 ( @entity778 ) @entity1036 on recurrence, rejection, and graft failure rates. METHODS: Records from 70 consecutive @entity1 who underwent PK for @entity1034 at the W.K. Kellogg Eye Center between August 1, 1990, and December 31, 2000, were reviewed. Data collected included preoperative disease activity, duration, host vascularity, pre- and postoperative vision, and antiviral use. Particular attention was given to all episodes of @entity778 , graft rejection, and failure. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 (80%) were treated with prophylactic oral @entity1033 after surgery. This cohort experienced fewer episodes of rejection (P = 0.006) and better overall graft survival (P = 0.04) than those who were not treated with prophylactic oral antivirals. There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the 2 groups (P = 0.22). Cox regression analysis failed to identify any single variable as a statistically significant predictor of recurrence, rejection, or graft failure. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic oral @entity1033 use after PK for @entity1034 is associated with decreased episodes of rejection and improved graft survival.

title: Effect of prophylactic oral @entity1033 after penetrating keratoplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HSV recurrence', 'HSV', 'herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['HSV keratitis']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

answer: @entity1034 :: (MESH:D016849,Disease) :: ['herpes simplex keratitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of a high @entity1937 bolus dose on @entity1707 's electroencephalographic indices and on brain regional and global oxygenation. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. ANIMALS: Twelve healthy Large-White male @entity1707 , age 3 months and weight 26.2    3.6 kg. METHODS: Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous @entity1875 4 mg kg     , then maintained with constant rate infusions of @entity1875 (15 mg kg      hour     ) and @entity1937 (0.3  g kg      minute     ). Following instrumentation, all @entity1707 received a 5  g kg      @entity1937 bolus. The responses of jugular venous @entity26 saturation, cardiac output and cerebral @entity26 saturation to the @entity1937 bolus were studied. The Bispectral index, spectral edge frequency 95%, total power, approximate entropy and permutation entropy were also studied. Repeated measures anova and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the effect of @entity1937 bolus on these variables until 5 minutes after the bolus. RESULTS: Cardiac output and cerebral @entity26 saturation decreased significantly after the @entity1937 bolus from 4.6    0.9 to 3.8    1.0 L minute      and from 65    6 to 62    1% (p < 0.05), respectively. No significant changes were observed in the jugular venous @entity26 saturation (p > 0.05) nor in any of the electroencephalogram derived indices (p > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive significant correlations between cerebral @entity26 saturation and cardiac output (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) and between cerebral @entity26 saturation and approximate entropy (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The effect caused by the @entity1937 bolus on the brain oxygenation seems to be better reflected by the cerebral @entity26 saturation than the jugular venous @entity26 saturation. The effect of @entity1937 on the electroencephalogram may not be reflected in indices derived from the electroencephalogram, but the potential of the approximate entropy in reflecting changes caused by opioids on the electroencephalogram should be further investigated.

title: The effect of high doses of XXXX in brain near-infrared spectroscopy and in electroencephalographic parameters in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']


abstract: PURPOSE: A phase II study to evaluate the response rate and @entity137 of a @entity35734 , @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), and @entity4181 regimen in @entity1 with advanced incurable @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with unresectable or metastatic @entity14 who had not been treated for advanced disease received the following chemotherapy regimen weekly for six courses every 8 weeks: @entity35734 110 mg/m2 intravenously (I.V.) on day 1, @entity4181 200 mg/m2 I.V. on day 2 (24 hours later), @entity1487 500 mg/m2 on day 2 immediately following @entity4181 , and oral @entity4181 15 mg every 6 hours for seven doses starting 6 hours after @entity1487 . @entity1 were treated until progression or unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were assessable for response, and all 36 were assessable for @entity137 . Two @entity1 (7%) achieved a complete response (CR) and 13 (43%) a partial response (PR), for an overall response (OR) rate of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32% to 68%). Analysis by intent to treat demonstrated a 42% OR rate (95% CI, 26% to 58%). At final analysis, 16 @entity1 were alive. The median survival duration for the entire cohort was 53.4 weeks. @entity344 was most common, with 21 @entity1 (58%) having grade 3/4 @entity294 and 12 @entity1 (34%) grade 3/4 @entity390 . @entity1503 was generally low grade, although two @entity1 died of @entity295 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity35734 with @entity1487 and @entity4181 is active in metastatic @entity14 . @entity344 with this regimen is most prominent, but is manageable.

title: Phase II study of @entity35734 , @entity1487 , and XXXX for advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity35734 :: ('MESH:D016597', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetrexate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Skin self-examination (SSE) is one method for identifying @entity7174 among members of the general public. Unfortunately, past research has shown that SSE has low sensitivity in detecting @entity7174 . The current study investigates whether crowdsourcing (collective effort) can improve SSE identification accuracy. Collective effort is potentially useful for improving @entity1 's visual identification of @entity7174 during SSE because, even when a single @entity1 has low reliability at a task, the pattern of the group can overcome the limitations of each individual. METHODS: Adults (N=500) were recruited from a shopping mall in the Midwest. @entity1 viewed educational pamphlets about SSE and then completed a mole identification task. For the task, @entity1 were asked to circle mole images that appeared atypical. Forty nevi images were provided; nine of the images were of nevi that were later diagnosed as @entity320 . RESULTS: Consistent with past research, individual effort exhibited modest sensitivity (.58) for identifying @entity7174 in the mole identification task. As predicted, collective effort overcame the limitations of individual effort. Specifically, a 19% collective effort identification threshold exhibited superior sensitivity (.90). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study suggest that limitations of SSE can be countered by collective effort, a finding that supports the pursuit of interventions promoting early @entity320 detection that contain crowdsourced visual identification components.

title: Skin self-examinations and visual identification of XXXX : comparing individual and crowdsourcing approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity7174 :: ('MESH:D009506', 'Disease') :: ['atypical nevi']

answer: @entity7174 :: (MESH:D009506,Disease) :: ['atypical nevi']


abstract: Chemical inactivation of microorganisms is a common process widely employed in many fields such as in treatment of water, preservation in food industry and antimicrobial treatments in healthcare. For economy of applications and efficiency of treatment establishment the minimum dosage of breakpoint in the chemical application becomes essential. Even though experimental investigations have been extensive, theoretical understanding of such processes are demanding. Commonly employed theoretical analyses for the inactivation of microorganisms and depletion of chemicals include kinetics expressing the rates of depletion of chemical and microorganisms. The terms chemical demand (x) and specific disinfectant demand (alpha) are often used in theoretical modeling of inactivation. The value of specific disinfectant demand (alpha) has always been assumed to be a constant in these models. Intracellular concentration built up within the cells of the microorganisms during inactivation could lead to possible weakening effects of microorganisms thereby requiring lower doses as disinfection proceeds makes the assumption of constant alpha inaccurate. Model equations are formulated based on these observations co-relating the parameters alpha and x with a progressive inactivation (N/N(0)). The chemical concentration (C) is also presented in terms of the inactivation time (t) and the survival ratio (N/N(0)) for given @entity8487 and temperature conditions. The model is examined using experimentally verified Ct data of @entity45 / @entity3878 system. The respective values of x for different survival ratios were evaluated from the data using MatLab software. Proposed model correlating for the disinfectant demand (x) with the survival ratio (N/N(0)) fits satisfactorily with those evaluated from data. The rate constants for different @entity8487 and temperature conditions are evaluated which showed compatibility with the Arrhenius model. The dependence of frequency factors with @entity8487 indicated compatibility with accepted models. The Ct values regenerated with the kinetic data shows a very accurate fit with published data.

title: Theoretical considerations and modeling of chemical inactivation of microorganisms: inactivation of @entity45 by free XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Giardia Cysts']

answer: @entity3878 :: (MESH:D002713,Chemical) :: ['chlorine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although physical activity reduces the risk of diseases such as @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity65 , a large proportion of the population is not sufficiently physically active. Therefore, the present study examined the environmental, social, and psychological correlates for meeting the 2 recommended physical activity criteria: >=420 min per week of at least moderate-intensity activity ( @entity3443 criterion) and >=210 min per week of vigorous activity ( @entity3262 criterion) for @entity694 prevention among Japanese adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: The sample included 2000 Japanese adults aged 20-79 years. An Internet-based survey was used to assess seven sociodemographic variables (e.g., education level, employment status), environmental variables (home fitness equipment, access to facilities, neighborhood safety, aesthetic sensibilities, and frequency of observing others exercising, residential area), social variables (social support), psychological variables (self-efficacy, perceived positive (pros) and negative (cons) aspects of exercise), and physical activity. The adjusted odds of meeting each physical activity criterion by these variables were calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 22.3% of the study population met the criterion of @entity3443 , and 7.3% met the criterion of @entity3262 . Having high self-efficacy, fewer perceived cons, possessing home fitness equipment, reporting enjoyable scenery, and living in a rural area were significantly associated with meeting the recommended criteria. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who met the 2 activity recommendations differed by self-efficacy, cons, possession of home fitness equipment, reporting of enjoyable scenery, and residential area. These findings imply that strategies to promote more intense physical activities specifically in terms of these variables may be necessary for @entity694 prevention.

title: Identifying environmental, social, and psychological correlates of meeting the recommended physical activity levels for XXXX prevention among Japanese adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: We developed a branched @entity4336 syrup (BCS, average molecular weight: 500, content of indigestible portion: 45%) by heat treatment of indigestible dextrin with @entity5836 . To confirm the safety of BCS, we conducted both an acute @entity137 test and a mutagenicity test. Moreover, we observed gastroenteric effects of BCS in fifty healthy @entity1 . The results are summarized as follows. 1) There was no death observed after oral administration of BCS in @entity35 . Lethal dose (LD)50, value was estimated to be more than 10 g/kg body weight. 2) No mutagenicity was observed in @entity2491 TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, or @entity526 WP2uvrA. 3) Fifty adults were divided into five groups often (five of each sex) and orally administered BCS at 0.2, 0.3, 0.4. 0.5 and 0.6 g/kg body weight as indigestible portion. Although no @entity294 was observed in females, BCS at 0.6 g/kg as indigestible portion caused @entity294 in two out of five males. The maximum non-effective dose of indigestible portion of BCS was estimated to be 0.5 g/kg in males and more than 0.6 g/kg in females.

title: Acute XXXX and mutagenicity study on branched @entity4336 syrup and evaluation of its laxative effect in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley-strain rats']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomized trials assess the potential of a medical device in well defined indications while "all comer studies" reveal the device performance in the real clinical environment. AIMS: This 'all comers' registry assessed the 10-month outcome of the Coroflex(  ) Please drug-eluting stent in Europe and Asia by clinically driven major adverse @entity299 . METHODS: The Coroflex(  ) Please Registry was an international, prospective, multicenter registry enrolling @entity1 with symptomatic @entity741 . The primary endpoint was clinically driven @entity75 revascularization (TLR) at 9 months. Secondary endpoints were technical success, in-hospital outcomes, definite stent @entity715 and major adverse @entity299 ( @entity204 , @entity583 , or TLR) for subgroup analyses. RESULTS: Of the enrolled 1230 @entity1 (63.6      11.2 years, 33.9% diabetics), 339 (27.6%) had an @entity1187 , 148 (12.1%) STEMI and 191 (15.6%) NSTEMI. After 10.5      3.8 months (follow-up rate 92.8%), the @entity75 revascularization rate (TLR) was 7.8% overall, 8.3% in STEMI, and 11.3% in NSTEMI @entity1 . Total MACE was 11.1% and significantly higher in ACS with either @entity6 (22.9%, p  =  0.017) or age >= 75 years (25.4%, p  =  0.026). In European and Asian @entity1 MI rates (5.2% vs 3.1%, p  =  0.135) and @entity204 rates (1.6% vs 0.9%, p  =  0.414) were similar. The MACE rate was higher in Europe (13.6% vs 4.7%, p  <  0.001) driven by a six times higher TLR rate. CONCLUSIONS: TLR and MACE occurred within the range of previously published data. The incidence of MI and @entity204 were not different between Europe and Asia. MACE were higher in Europe driven by @entity75 revascularization.

title: The 'all comer' Coroflex Please drug-eluting stent registry in Europe and Asia - an overall and transcontinental assessment of the 10-month major adverse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity7809 is one of the most common lesions of oral mucosa. @entity1534 is suggested as one of the etiological agents of recurrent @entity7809 . Here, we conduct a study for evaluating the impact of @entity1534 eradication on clinical course of recurrent @entity7809 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with minor @entity75 were enrolled. The number of RAS lesions at last 6 months and @entity2186 levels were recorded. All @entity1 were detected for @entity1534 with endoscopic biopsy. @entity1534 was positive in 30 @entity1 and negative in 16 @entity1 . @entity1534 -positive 30 @entity1 received eradication therapy. Three months after therapy, @entity1 were re-evaluated with @entity1133 breath test; 18 @entity1 were negative (eradicated), and the remainders (12 @entity1 ) were positive (non-eradicated) for @entity1534 . 6 months after eradication, @entity2186 levels and number of @entity75 at 6 months were recorded. RESULTS: @entity2186 levels were significantly increased in @entity1534 -eradicated group (P = 0.001), whereas no significant change was found in non-eradicated group (P = 0.638). Mean number of @entity75 (per 6 months) of @entity1534 -eradicated group was significantly decreased after eradication (P = 0.0001); in the non-eradicated group, no significant change was found (P = 0.677). In Hp-positive group, number of RAS lesions and @entity2186 levels were negatively correlated when evaluated both before and after eradication. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence to support the beneficial effect of @entity1534 eradication in @entity1 with recurrent @entity7809 . The underlying mechanism might be the increase in @entity2186 levels after eradication.

title: Impact of @entity1534 on the clinical course of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity7809 :: (MESH:D013281,Disease) :: ['aphthous stomatitis']


abstract: The mechanism underlying the LTC(4)-induced contraction of @entity840 taenia coli was determined using the simultaneous measurements of [ @entity141 ](i) and force in whole muscle preparations. Additional experiments were performed in receptor coupled permeabilized preparation. For comparison purposes, the contraction which was induced by a typical G-protein mediated agonist, @entity5402 was also characterized. LTC(4) induced a contraction in the @entity840 taenia coli in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximal response was obtained at 100 nM and the EC(50) value was 5.4+/-1.9 nM. Both LTC(4) and @entity5402 induced increases in [ @entity141 ](i) and force. The maximum force induced by 100 nM LTC(4) was significantly smaller than that induced by 10 microM @entity5402 , although an increase in [ @entity141 ](i) produced by both agonists was similar. In the permeabilized preparations, @entity5402 , but not LTC(4), induced an additional force development at a fixed @entity141 concentration. LTC(4) induced no increase in [ @entity141 ](i) and force in the @entity141 -free solution, while @entity5402 induced transient increases in both [ @entity141 ](i) and force in a @entity141 -free solution. Both diltiazem and SK_F 96365 significantly inhibited the LTC(4)- and @entity5402 -induced increases in [ @entity141 ](i) and force in normal PSS. The inhibitory pattern of [ @entity141 ](i) by these drugs was also similar. We thus conclude that LTC(4) induces the contraction of the @entity840 taenia coli mainly through @entity141 influx via both the @entity3988 -sensitive and SK_F 96365-sensitive @entity141 channels, without affecting either the @entity141 -sensitivity or the intracellular @entity141 release. These results indicated that the mechanism underlying the LTC(4)-induced contraction differs greatly from that for conventional G-protein mediated agonists, such as @entity5402 .

title: The mechanism for the contraction induced by leukotriene C4 in XXXX taenia coli.

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: We sought to assess the population-based estimates of age-standardized survival among @entity1 with @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and to determine the impact of age and time on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of NCI from 1973 through 2006 were analyzed to assess survival among 5037 @entity1 . Relationships were modeled using Dickman's piecewise constant hazards @entity1349 model. The 3- and 10-year age-standardized @entity1349 were 67% and 37%, respectively. When analyzed by age group, the 10-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 for @entity1 (age, <16 years), young adults (age, 16-39 years), adults (age, 40-64 years), and older @entity1 (age, >= 65 years) were 86% and 86%, 61% and 62%, 40% and 43%, and 10% and 14%, respectively. The observed difference between @entity1349 and @entity1349 was larger among older @entity1 (4%) and smallest among @entity1 (<1%). Older @entity1 were 30.5 times (excess hazard ratio [eHR]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.3-50.0) as likely as young adults to die during the first year and 18.2 times as likely to die during the second year. Adults were 5.3 (eHR; 95% CI, 3.5-8.1) times as likely to die during their first year as young adults. In the remaining years, the observed survival differences were substantially decreased, and the presence of an age-by-follow-up interaction was observed. Survival among older @entity1 with @entity11 was substantially different from the one computed for young adults and @entity1 . Despite the hazards across age groups not being proportional, @entity1349 does not provide additional information, compared with @entity1349 , in @entity1 with @entity11 .

title: Relative survival of XXXX with supratentorial @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade gliomas', 'LGG']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival', 'relative survival', 'RS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To determine whether reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity141 -adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) ( @entity11474 ) activity contributes to delayed myocardial relaxation during chronic @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) progression, @entity4346 was produced in @entity35 by @entity1498 . Systolic and diastolic functions were assessed in vivo 8 and 16 wk after surgery, and compositional alterations in LV myocardium [ @entity11474 concentration, myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoenzymes, and tissue collagen] were correlated with the development of prolonged isovolumic relaxation and impaired cardiac performance over time. Myocardial relaxation was prolonged in 8-wk banded @entity35 , despite normal isovolumic systolic function and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). No significant alterations in @entity11474 protein, beta-MHC, or fibrillar collagen levels were observed at this early time point. In contrast, LV @entity11474 , beta-MHC, and fibrillar collagen concentrations were all significantly altered in 16-wk banded @entity35 . These late compositional changes were associated with reduced cardiac performance, as manifested by a significant elevation in LVEDP (14 +/- 2 mmHg). The 34% decrease in @entity11474 protein was associated with reduced SR @entity141 uptake and an even greater reduction (76%) in @entity11474 mRNA. @entity11474 mRNA levels were also significantly reduced to 43 +/- 10% of sham-operated @entity35 8 wk after banding, despite unchanged @entity11474 protein levels and normal SR @entity141 uptake. These results argue against a significant contribution of @entity11474 downregulation to the subtle alterations in myocardial relaxation observed in compensated @entity4346 . However, the early reduction in @entity11474 mRNA levels may serve as a molecular marker for impaired cardiac performance during the transition from compensated @entity4346 to @entity712 .

title: Downregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPase during progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: GOALS: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of @entity2983 , with or without @entity6329 @entity6329 , in preventing recurrence of symptomatic @entity1049 . BACKGROUND: Both @entity2983 and probiotics showed recently their effectiveness in obtaining remission of symptomatic @entity1049 . Consistent data are not available on the optimal therapy to prevent recurrence of symptomatic @entity1049 . STUDY: Multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label study. Ninety consecutive @entity1 (36 @entity1 , 54 @entity1 , mean age 67.5 y, range 39 to 84 y), previously affected by symptomatic @entity1049 (remission obtained with @entity1761 800 mg/d plus @entity2983 2.4 g/d for 10 d, followed by @entity2983 1.6 g/d for 8 wk), were enrolled in a 12-month follow-up. The following symptoms were assessed at entry and through follow-up by using a quantitative scale: (1) constipation, (2) @entity294 , (3) @entity490 , (4) @entity548 , and (5) mucus with the stools. After recruitment, the @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of the following 3 groups: @entity2983 1.6 g/d (group M), @entity6329 DG 16 billion/d for 15 d/mo (group L); @entity2983 1.6 g/d+ @entity6329 DG 16 billion/d for 15 d/mo (group LM). RESULTS: Eighty-five @entity1 completed the study (94.5%): 2 @entity1 (2.22%, 1 of group M and 1 of group LM) were withdrawn from the study for protocol violation and 1 (1.11%) for hospital admission due to @entity358 (group L); 2 @entity1 (2.22%) were lost to follow-up. Seventy-five @entity1 (88.2%) were symptom free after the 12th month of treatment (overall symptomatic score: (0): 23/27 @entity1 of group M [on intention to treat: 76.7% confidence interval (CI 95%: 61.5 to 91.8)], 23/29 of group L [on intention to treat: 76.7% (CI 95%: 61.5 to 91.8)], 29/29 of group LM [on intention to treat: 96% (CI 95%: 94.2 to 100)] (P < 0.05). Only 10 @entity1 (11.1%) showed recurrence of symptoms (overall symptomatic score: 68). CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity2983 and @entity6329 DG seem to be effective in preventing recurrence of symptomatic @entity1049 , but their association seems to be more promising in this field.

title: XXXX and/or @entity6329 @entity6329 in preventing recurrence of symptomatic @entity1049 : a prospective, randomized, open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1761 :: ('MESH:C042734', 'Chemical') :: ['rifaximin']

entities_list: @entity6329 :: ('1582', 'Species') :: ['L. casei', 'Lactobacillus', 'casei']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease of the colon', 'uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['Mesalazine']


abstract: Chronic contained @entity397 (CCR) of an @entity1028 is a rare condition, and differential diagnosis might be difficult. We present a clinical case of a hemodynamically stable octogenarian who presented with intermittent @entity158 in the left lower abdomen. The @entity1 had a history of @entity4436 , and 6 years ago, he had undergone @entity1028 repair (EVAR) with a Talent bifurcated prosthesis. Additionally, 20 days before his admission to our hospital, he had undergone a secondary iliac limb extension for treatment of post-EVAR @entity397 . On admission, abdominal plain radiography identified suprarenal fixation @entity174 as a possible reason for CCR, but computed tomographic angiography failed to confirm any @entity1070 or "active" bleeding and @entity397 . The @entity1 received medication treatment for possible @entity4436 and was kept under close monitoring for suspected failure of recently performed secondary endovascular procedure and CCR. A day later, the @entity490 symptoms worsened, and a new computed tomographic angiography confirmed the suspected CCR. The @entity1 was treated successfully by "open" repair using a Y prosthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of post-EVAR CCR due to suprarenal fixation @entity1642 . Lifelong post-EVAR follow-up with high level of both clinical and imaging diagnostic accuracy is essential for the early recognition and proper treatment of EVAR pitfalls.

title: Chronic contained @entity1028 rupture after suprarenal fixation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['fatigue fracture']


abstract: @entity35 with @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) have a fivefold increase in lipids and a similar decrease in @entity412 -rich lipoprotein (TRL) clearance. @entity13688 ( @entity13688 ) is reduced both in @entity1985 and in the Nagase analbuminemic @entity35 . These @entity35 have nearly normal @entity412 levels and TRL clearance, suggesting that reduction in @entity13688 alone is insufficient to cause increased TRL levels. @entity12217 ( @entity12217 ) was decreased in lipoprotein fractions in @entity1985 , but not in analbuminemia. Here we tested whether decreased @entity12217 binding to lipoproteins in @entity1985 contributes to @entity407 by decreasing their affinity for lipoprotein receptors. Plasma @entity12217 was increased 60% in both @entity1985 and analbuminemia compared with control (CTRL) as a result of a 60% decreased @entity12217 clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein in @entity1985 had significantly less @entity12217 per mole of phospholipid compared with analbuminemia or CTRL and significantly greater lipid content; however, @entity12217 binding did not differ by lipoprotein class or group. There was a significant reduction of receptors for lipoproteins in nearly all tissues in @entity1985 compared with CTRL and analbuminemia. Thus, @entity12217 within lipoprotein fractions was reduced by dilution resulting from expansion of the lipid fraction due to decreased lipolysis and not to differing affinity for @entity12217 . @entity393 result from @entity644 and contribute to @entity407 in @entity1985 .

title: XXXX decreases tissue lipoprotein receptor levels resulting in altered lipoprotein structure and increasing lipid levels.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased lipoprotein receptors']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['Proteinuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase II trial to evaluate neoadjuvant ( @entity2125 ), surgery and @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) combination chemotherapy without radiation therapy (RT) for @entity1 with @entity420 staged with endoscopic ultrasound and CT as T3N1 was carried out. METHODS: Thirty-three eligible @entity1 were enrolled. @entity2125 therapy was administered in two 49-day cycles and included @entity900 , @entity10049 , @entity1311 and @entity4181 . Esophageal resection was performed followed by @entity1753 therapy. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 initiated @entity2125 therapy; 10 experienced grade 3 and 4 @entity137 , which included @entity1210 , @entity1295 , @entity390 , @entity294 and @entity3136 . Additionally, 16 @entity1 experienced grade 1 and 2 hematologic and non-hematologic @entity137 . Fifteen @entity1 were down-staged, of whom five were T2, seven were T1, and three had @entity66 with no evidence of @entity5 in the esophageal bed. Fifteen @entity1 remained T3, and two showed progressive disease. Thirty-two @entity1 proceeded to surgery and 30 were resected. Although all resected @entity1 were eligible for @entity1753 therapy, 15 did not receive it either because of @entity1 refusal or surgeon recommendation. Fifteen @entity1 received @entity1753 therapy: nine who had remained T3 and six who had down-staged. Three @entity1 experienced grade 3 and 4 @entity137 similar to those in @entity2125 therapy. Six @entity1 had grade 1 and 2 @entity137 . Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival at 1, 3 and 5 years were 73% (95% CI: 58-88%), 52% (95% CI: 34-69%) and 29% (95% CI: 13-45%), respectively. Median survival was 42 months. CONCLUSION: Deletion of RT may safely allow for more aggressive chemotherapy and increase chances of survival. The results need to be confirmed in a randomized phase II or larger phase III trial.

title: Neoadjuvant, surgery and XXXX chemotherapy without radiation for esophageal cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1753 :: (MESH:D001169,Disease) :: ['adjuvant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pectus excavatum is the most frequent @entity600 of the rib cage. Functional aspects associated with this @entity600 often are absent even in adults not involved in competitive sports activities. Overall, these @entity1 often live with extreme psychological discomfort when the @entity600 are minor. Traditionally, the correction of these @entity600 has been geared toward interventions that modify the architecture of the rib cage. However, all these interventions, even the most recent, involve considerably invasive major surgery. In fact, optimal results are not always achieved with corrective surgery using the insertion of @entity1346 prosthesis, and @entity1 often experience complications. METHODS: To correct intermediate and modest @entity1408 in a stable manner and with the least amount of invasiveness, the authors developed a camouflage technique that uses porous prostheses made from high-density linear @entity691 . This material is generally used for reconstruction of the brain case. Between February 2001 and March 2006, in the I Unit of Plastic Surgery of the authors' Institute, 11 adult @entity1408 @entity1 with no previous @entity1109 underwent the authors' surgical technique. The average @entity1 age was 29 years. RESULTS: Surgical repair was successful in all cases, and the average hospital stay was short. There were no complications during the follow-up period. The described approach repairs nonfunctional @entity1408 in the adult with satisfying aesthetic and stable results, short hospital stay, and high @entity1 popularity ratings. CONCLUSIONS: The best therapeutic option for @entity1408 , especially with intermediate or moderate severity, is still controversial: thoracic surgery or camouflage surgery with implant? Trying to address those issues we propose a new technique by a multidisciplinary, not aggressive approach using a high density linear @entity691 implant and Omentus flap and the early analysis of our data.

title: Aesthetic treatment of XXXX : a new endoscopic technique using a porous @entity691 implant.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['pectus excavatum']

answer: @entity1408 :: (MESH:D005660,Disease) :: ['pectus excavatum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1729 result from invasion of the respiratory tract, mainly by viruses, and are the leading cause of acute morbidity in individuals of all ages worldwide. During peak season, picornaviruses cause 82% of all episodes of @entity697 (the common cold), the most frequent manifestation of @entity1729 , and produce more restriction of activity and physician consultations annually than any other viral or bacterial source of @entity1576 . OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the clinical impact and outcomes of picornavirus-induced @entity1729 in specific populations at risk for complications. It also discusses the potential economic impact of the morbidity associated with picornavirus-induced @entity1729 . METHODS: Relevant literature was identified through searches of MEDLINE, OVID, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Lexis-Nexis. The search terms used were picornavirus, rhinovirus, @entity1729 , upper @entity1729 , disease burden, economic, cost, complications, @entity565 , @entity1030 , immunocompromised, elderly @entity2172 , and @entity1244 . Additional publications were identified from the reference lists of the retrieved articles. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the clinical literature, @entity11918 are associated with severe morbidity as well as considerable economic and societal costs. Future research should focus on identifying patterns of illness and the costs associated with management of these infections. New treatments should be assessed not only in terms of their ability to produce the desired clinical outcome, but also in terms of their ability to reduce the burden of disease, decrease health care costs, and improve productivity.

title: XXXX caused by @entity11918 : a review of clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

entities_list: @entity11918 :: ('MESH:D010850', 'Disease') :: ['picornavirus infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections', 'enterovirus, viral respiratory infection', 'respiratory infections', 'acute respiratory infection', 'respiratory infection']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The morphology of the pulmonary veins (PVs) before and after segmental isolation of the PVs has not been sufficiently characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: Multi-slice computed tomography was performed before and 3 +/- 1 months after ablation in 30 @entity1 with @entity955 who underwent @entity4406 isolation. Before ablation, @entity4406 narrowing (> or =25% luminal reduction) was found in nine (8%) PVs. After ablation, de novo @entity4406 narrowing was found in 24 PVs (26%) and was detected only in the supero-inferior direction in 14 PVs (58%). The diameter reduction inside the PVs after ablation was greater in the supero-inferior direction (14 +/- 12%) than in the antero-posterior direction (9 +/- 13%; P < 0.0001). In the ablated PVs, the @entity4406 trunk was shorter than before ablation (P < 0.0001). The reduction in the diameters of both the @entity4406 ostium and the ablation site in the ablated PVs, as well as the diameter of the @entity4406 ostium in the nonablated PVs, correlated with the decrease in the left atrial diameter. Shortening of the @entity4406 trunk correlated with the severity of @entity4406 narrowing, but it was not related to the percent diameter reduction of the left atrium. @entity4406 narrowing before or after ablation did not result in any clinical consequences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4406 narrowing is present in about 10% of PVs before ablation. Asymmetric luminal reduction and longitudinal shrinkage of the @entity4406 trunk occur after ablation. Reverse remodeling of the @entity4406 and contraction of the @entity4406 wall may contribute to the reduction in the @entity4406 diameter. @entity4406 morphology should be assessed with multi-directional views to avoid missing heterogeneous legions.

title: Pulmonary vein morphology before and after segmental isolation in XXXX with @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This report is a retrospective analysis of 317 @entity1 with recurrent @entity263 , following definitive radiation therapy to 738 @entity1 with histologically confirmed, clinical Stage T1b-T4(A2-D1) @entity263 . Seventy-four @entity1 (10%) experienced pelvic recurrence only; 100 (13%) both pelvic recurrence and distant @entity3 , while 143 (20%) developed distant @entity3 only. The diagnosis of prostate recurrence was histologically confirmed in 92/174 (53%), while in the others diagnosis was based on clinical and radiographic evidence. Ninety percent of all recurrences occurred within 7 years of initial treatment. The median survival from time of recurrence for all @entity1 was 27 months, with 5-, 8-, and 10-year survival rates of 24%, 12%, and 7%, respectively. In @entity1 who experienced pelvic recurrence only, the 5-, 8-, and 10-year survival rates were 50%, 30%, and 22%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The 5-year survival rate from time of recurrence for @entity1 who experienced pelvic recurrence with initial Stage T1b(A2) and T2(B) disease was 71% as opposed to 39% for @entity1 with initial Stage T3(C) disease. The time of recurrence (i.e., the disease-free interval from initial treatment) significantly affected subsequent survival: the 5-year survival rates from time of recurrence for @entity1 with pelvic recurrence were 20%, 49%, and 94% for those who recurred within 2 years, 2 to 5 years, and more than 5 years, respectively. Two-thirds of the @entity1 with recurrence received hormonal therapy, including bilateral orchiectomy. Salvage therapy with hormones, including bilateral orchiectomy, has a favorable impact on @entity1 survival: The 5-year survival rate from time of pelvic recurrence salvaged with hormones was 70% compared with 21% for @entity1 not receiving hormonal therapy. In conclusion, the prognostic factors that affect subsequent @entity1 survival after pelvic recurrence include initial stage, disease-free interval from initial treatment, and salvage therapy with hormones. @entity1 with distant @entity3 with or without pelvic recurrence showed statistically worse survival and were apparently not influenced by initial @entity5 stage, or disease-free interval from initial treatment.

title: Prognostic significance of pelvic recurrence and distant @entity3 in XXXX following definitive radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']