abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of combined trabeculotomy and augmented trabeculectomy as a primary procedure on intraocular pressure and corneal clarity in uncomplicated @entity10064 . STUDY DESIGN: A case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: L.R.B.T Free Base Eye Hospital, Karachi, from January 2007 to December 2010. METHODOLOGY: Twenty eyes of 14 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity10064 who had primary trabeculotomy and augmented trabeculectomy were observed from January 2007 to December 2010 at LRBT Free Base Eye Hospital, Karachi. Main outcome measures were pre-operative and postoperative intraocular pressure, corneal clarity and complications. RESULTS: Out of 14 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 (64.2%) were male and 5 @entity1 (35.7%) were female with age ranging between 5 months to 6 years. Mean duration of follow-up was 8.25 months. Seventeen eyes (85%) showed improvement in corneal clarity from baseline at their last follow-up. Mean intraocular pressure decreased from 32    2.5 mmHg pre-operatively to 13    2.5 mmHg postoperatively at the last follow-up (p < 0.001). Complete success (intraocular pressure < 20 mmHg) was obtained in 16 (80%) out of 20 eyes. Complications encountered were @entity393 per-operatively while performing iridectomy in 1 eye (5%), shallow anterior chamber on the first postoperative day in 1 eye (5%) and @entity5891 in 1 eye (5%). CONCLUSION: Combined trabeculotomy and augmented trabeculectomy for primary @entity10064 resulted in improvement in reduction of intraocular pressure as well as improvement in corneal clarity. Hence, combined trabeculotomy and augmented trabeculectomy is a safe and effective procedure for primary @entity10064 .

title: Combined trabeculotomy and augmented trabeculectomy in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous loss']

answer: @entity10064 :: (MESH:C565547,Disease) :: ['congenital glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the resemblances and differences of congenital unilateral @entity600 of lung and bronchial foreign bodies in clinical manifestation, physical sign and radiological examination, and to summarize the characteristics and to introduce diagnostic methods of the congenital unilateral @entity600 of lung. METHOD: Ten @entity1 with the congenital unilateral @entity358 , who were diagnosed the @entity891 or the bronchial foreign body initially, were analyzed. Three typical cases were analyzed in details. RESULT: Four @entity1 were confirmed by rigid bronchoscope. Four @entity1 were confirmed by X-ray and high resolution CT of lung, one @entity1 by high- resolution CT and 3D stereographs of lung, one @entity1 by autopsy. Six cases were the @entity600 of the right lung and 4 cases were the left lung. Three cases of them combined with congenital @entity65 and other @entity600 . CONCLUSION: There are many resemblances between the congenital unilateral @entity358 and the bronchial foreign body in clinical manifestation and physical sign. The congenital unilateral @entity358 was referred as the bronchial foreign body easily. Although it can be confirmed by rigid bronchoscope, the risk of the operation for these @entity1 was very high. So if the disease was considered, high resolution CT and 3D -stereographs of lung can make a definite diagnosis.

title: [Congenital unilateral XXXX of lung referred as bronchial foreign bodies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['malformation of lung']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The rectovesical ligament is a peritoneal band in @entity1 with failure of fusion of the two M  llerian ducts. The aim was to evaluate existence of this abnormal structure in @entity1 with dysfused uterus and its possible relations to concomitant vaginal and @entity8 . STUDY DESIGN: The study group comprised 47 @entity1 with uterine fusion defect (37 didelphic and 10 bicornuate uterus). They had undergone laparoscopy or laparotomy to visualize the pelvic cavity, and imaging for renal evaluation. The rectovesical ligament was present if inspection of the pelvic cavity revealed a broad peritoneal band between the two hemiuteri, attached anteriorly to the bladder and posteriorly to the sigmoid. Presence or absence of the ligament was reported, and concomitant renal and @entity154 were evaluated. RESULTS: The rectovesical ligament was not visualized in 14 @entity1 with @entity7996 associated with @entity8 : of these 13 had a previously treated @entity3885 . A peritoneal band was found in 27 @entity1 with @entity365 with no obstruction and normal bilateral kidneys. Six @entity1 with bicornuate uterus had normal kidneys and an identified rectovesical ligament between the uterine hemicorpora, except for one with partial bicornuate uterus. CONCLUSION: The rectovesical ligament is not merely a consequence of the failed fusion of two M  llerian ducts, but its relation to uterine @entity600 with or without vaginal and @entity8 indicates some share of this structure in the early development of the urogenital system.

title: Rectovesical ligament and fusion defect of the uterus with or without obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anomalies', 'unilateral renal agenesis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive longitudinal vaginal septum']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity7996 :: ('MESH:D014594', 'Disease') :: ['didelphic or complete bicornuate uterus']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['didelphic uterus with longitudinal vaginal septum']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal agenesis']


abstract: 1. @entity4689 , II and hog @entity30750 , infused into the lateral cerebral ventricles (I.C.V.) of water replete @entity468 , each induced water drinking behaviour. 2. Intravenous infusion of high doses of angiotensin I or II also elicited a drinking response. The dipsogenic effect of I.V. @entity30750 was not marked. 3. Drinking in response to I.C.V. angiotensin II was abolished after autonomic ganglion blockade with I.V. @entity4033 or @entity30751 and was significantly reduced after I.V. @entity9966 . 4. The dipsogenic response to I.C.V. angiotensin II was unaffected by either peripheral adrenergic neurone blockade with I.V. @entity30752 , alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with @entity5521 or beta-adrenoceptor blockade with @entity2778 . 5. @entity3897 , @entity9966 , @entity4033 and @entity30751 given I.C.V did not inhibit the diposgenic response to I.C.V. angiotensin II. 6. @entity30752 I.C.V. produced a dose related reduction in the dipsogenic response to I.C.V. angiotensin II. 7. The alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents @entity6116 and @entity5333 given I.C.V did not affect angiotensin induced drinking but the response was regularly inhibited by @entity5521 I.C.V. 8. The beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents @entity1169 and @entity6310 given I.C.V. each inhibited angiotensin induced drinking. The L-isomer of @entity1169 was a more effective blocker than the D-isomer. 9. @entity3044 given I.C.V induced drinking in ten of sixteen @entity468 . Subcutaneous administration of @entity3044 also elicited drinking but the onset of the response was delayed and the amount consumed slightly less than after I.C.V infusion.

title: Drinking behaviour in the cat induced by XXXX , angiotensin I, II and @entity3044 .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4689 :: ('MESH:D000803', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin I']

entities_list: @entity30752 :: ('MESH:D001627', 'Chemical') :: ['bethanidine', 'Bethanidine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity6116 :: ('MESH:D014043', 'Chemical') :: ['tolazoline']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity30751 :: ('MESH:D010393', 'Chemical') :: ['pempidine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity6310 :: ('MESH:D011217', 'Chemical') :: ['practolol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity9966 :: ('MESH:C006649', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine methonitrate']

answer: @entity30750 :: (101081695,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Is it possible to perform allogeneic uterus transplantation ( @entity14882 ) with a donation from a live donor in a non- @entity1 primate species and what immunosuppression is needed to prevent rejection? SUMMARY ANSWER: Allogeneic @entity14882 in the @entity3474 is a donor- and recipient-safe surgical procedure; immunosuppression with induction therapy and a triple protocol should be used. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: @entity14882 may become a treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility. Autologous @entity14882 models have been developed in non- @entity1 primates with reports on long-term survival of the uterine grafts. STUDY DESIGN, SIZEAND DURATION: This experimental study included 18 female @entity6599 as uterus donors and 18 female @entity6599 as uterus recipients. The follow-up time was 5-8 weeks. @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING AND METHODS: Uterus retrieval was performed with extended hysterectomy including bilateral uterine and internal iliac arteries and ovarian veins. After @entity14882 , with vascular anastomoses unilateral to the internal iliac artery and the external iliac vein, the uterus recipients received one of the following: no immunosuppression (n = 4); monotherapy (oral slow release @entity1140 ) (n = 4) or induction therapy (antithymocyte globulin) followed by triple therapy ( @entity1140 , @entity6051 , @entity288 ; n = 10). Surgical parameters, survival, immunosuppression and rejection patterns were evaluated. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The durations of uterus retrieval and recipient surgery were around 3 and 3.5 h, respectively. The total ischemic time was around 3 h. All the recipients and the donors survived the surgery. All the recipients presented rejection to some extent within the first weeks following @entity14882 . In one recipient, the uterus was of normal appearance at the end of the study period. In spite of occasional high (>60 ng/ml) blood levels of @entity1140 , there was no evidence of nephrotoxicity. LIMITATIONS AND REASONS FOR CAUTION: This initial non- @entity1 primate allogeneic @entity14882 study indicates that further research is needed to optimize immunosuppression protocols in order to avoid uterine rejection. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The findings suggest that allogeneic @entity14882 in primate species is feasible but continued work on this issue is needed. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): The study was funded by the Swedish Research Council, ALF University of Gothenburg, Hjalmar Svensson Foundation and by Jane and Dan Olsson Research Foundation. The authors do not have any competing interest.

title: Preclinical report on allogeneic uterus transplantation in non- XXXX primates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prefabricated implant abutments made of @entity10678 (yttria-stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia; Y-TZP) have proved to be useful in the esthetically demanding anterior region and may also be useful for premolar and molar replacement because of their obvious positive impact on the health of peri-implant soft tissues. METHODS: Forty screw implants were inserted in the posterior region of 24 @entity1 and provided with prefabricated all-ceramic abutments made of @entity10678 Y-TZP. Zirconia-based crowns were used as superstructures. The following parameters were used to document the state of soft tissue: the modified plaque index (mPI), sulcus fluid flow rate (SFFR), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and @entity92 ( @entity92 ). Additionally, implant stability was measured using an electronic mobility testing device. RESULTS: All implants (N = 40) followed up after 6 months in function were osseointegrated and showed good stability. In the presence of good oral hygiene (mPI: 0.3), the parameters SFFR (16) and mSBI (0.7) were indicative of stable and healthy soft tissue. The mean @entity92 was highest at the distal points of measurement (2.4 mm) and was generally at a low level. Neither implant loss nor crown @entity174 occurred. Chipping of parts of the veneering ceramic was registered in three cases (7.5%). CONCLUSIONS: After 6 months in function, no mechanical failure was registered in any of the all-ceramic abutments. On clinical investigation, the peri-implant soft tissues were largely healthy and devoid of @entity32 .

title: XXXX implant abutments for posterior single-tooth replacement: first results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity10678 :: ('MESH:C028541', 'Chemical') :: ['zirconium dioxide']

answer: @entity10678 :: (MESH:C028541,Chemical) :: ['Zirconium dioxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report the occurrence of @entity2372 and of orbital infiltrative disease resulting from crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) in a patient with @entity1581 of undetermined significance. METHODS: The authors conducted a review of a medical record and immunohistopathologic studies. RESULTS: A 66-year-old @entity1 presented with a 3-year history of unilateral progressive @entity1736 , @entity5768 , and external @entity4610 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed orbital fat expansion and extraocular muscle thickening with @entity2287 enhancement. The @entity1 also had bilateral @entity2372 and had undergone penetrating keratoplasty in one eye. The urine and serum showed elevated levels of immunoglobulin, but the bone marrow aspirate was normal. The systemic evaluation was consistent with @entity1581 of undetermined significance. An orbital fat biopsy revealed histiocytes engorged with lambda light chain crystals. The @entity2687 also showed positive immunostaining for lambda light chains. The @entity1 was diagnosed with orbital CSH and with lambda light chain @entity2372 . CONCLUSIONS: CSH is characterized by the accumulation of reactive histiocytes filled with immunoglobulin crystals in various tissues and is frequently associated with systemic @entity28153 states. For unknown reasons, in this @entity1 , a @entity1200 led to lambda light chain abnormalities with histiocyte infiltration of the orbit and corneal deposition. Although CSH is rare, it should be part of the differential diagnosis of orbital infiltrative disease with or without @entity2372 .

title: Crystal-storing histiocytosis and XXXX caused by @entity1581 of undetermined significance.

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['crystalline keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['systemic immunologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

entities_list: @entity28153 :: ('MESH:D011694', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglobulinemic']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2372 :: (MESH:C562399,Disease) :: ['crystalline keratopathy']


abstract: 1. The effect of @entity8162 on @entity934 -induced membrane fluctuations ( @entity1617 noise) was studied by intracellular and focal external recording from end-plates of frog sartorius muscle. 2. With intracellular recording, @entity1617 noise (the ratio of variance to mean depolarization) was substantially reduced by @entity8162 , suggesting a greatly decreased amplitude of the elementary potential change. 3. Spectral analysis of the @entity1617 noise indicated a dual average time course of the underlying "shot effects", similar to the complex shape (brief spike followed by a long tail of low intensity) of the end-plate current in pro-aine-treated muscle. 4. The post-synaptic blocking action of @entity8162 can be largely explained by the drastic shortening of the initial high-intensity phase of the end-plate conductance change. 5. The average time course of the @entity1617 shot effects is discussed in terms of alternative hypotheses, one attributing the complex shape to each elementary event, the other involving sequential reaction steps which produce two unequal populations of ion gates of different "life-times".

title: The effect of @entity8162 on the action of XXXX at the neuromuscular junction.

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity35001 (RW1) is one of the few strains that can grow on @entity35002 (DD). We conducted a transcriptomic study of RW1 using RNA-Seq to outline transcriptional responses to DD, @entity20198 (DF), and the @entity35003 clay mineral @entity35004 with @entity4588 as @entity505 source. The ability to grow on DD is rare compared to growth on the chemically similar DF even though the same initial dioxygenase may be involved in oxidation of both substrates. Therefore, we hypothesized the reason for this lies beyond catabolic pathways and may concern genes involved in processes for cell-substrate interactions such as substrate recognition, transport, and detoxification. Compared to succinate ( @entity27489 ) as control @entity505 source, DF caused over 240 protein-coding genes to be differentially expressed, whereas more than 300 were differentially expressed with DD. Stress response genes were up-regulated in response to both DD and DF. This effect was stronger with DD than DF, suggesting a higher @entity137 of DD compared to DF. Both DD and DF caused changes in expression of genes involved in active cross-membrane transport such as TonB-dependent receptor proteins, but the patterns of change differed between the two substrates. Multiple transcription factor genes also displayed expression patterns distinct to DD and DF growth. DD and DF induced the @entity6153 ortho- and the @entity2697 / @entity35005 pathways, respectively. Both DD and DF induced the shared down-stream aliphatic intermediate compound pathway. Clay caused category-wide down-regulation of genes for cell motility and @entity6722 , particularly those involved in the synthesis, assembly and functioning of flagella. This is an environmentally important finding because clay is a major component of soil microbes' microenvironment influencing local chemistry and may serve as a geosorbent for toxic pollutants. Similar to clay, DD and DF also affected expression of genes involved in motility and @entity6722 .

title: XXXX Genome-Wide Gene Expression Shifts in Response to Dioxins and Clay.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity35001 :: ('160791', 'Species') :: ['Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1']

entities_list: @entity20198 :: ('MESH:C023614', 'Chemical') :: ['dibenzofuran']

entities_list: @entity35005 :: ('CHEBI:17189', 'Chemical') :: ['gentisate']

entities_list: @entity35002 :: ('MESH:C020887', 'Chemical') :: ['dibenzo-p-dioxin']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity35001 :: (160791,Species) :: ['Sphingomonas wittichii Strain RW1']


abstract: The recent emergence of several new coronaviruses, including the etiological cause of severe @entity6185 , has significantly increased the importance of understanding virus-host cell interactions of this virus family. We used @entity19 @entity99 virus (MHV) A59 as a model to gain insight into how coronaviruses affect the type I alpha/beta interferon (IFN) system. We demonstrate that MHV is resistant to type I IFN. Protein kinase R (PKR) and the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor are not phosphorylated in infected cells. The RNase L activity associated with 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase is not activated or is blocked, since cellular RNA is not degraded. These results are consistent with lack of protein translation shutoff early following infection. We used a well-established recombinant @entity6621 )-based expression system that lacks the viral IFN antagonist E3L to screen viral genes for their ability to rescue the IFN sensitivity of the mutant. The nucleocapsid (N) gene rescued VVDeltaE3L from IFN sensitivity. N gene expression prevents cellular RNA degradation and partially rescues the dramatic translation shutoff characteristic of the VVDeltaE3 @entity32786 . However, it does not prevent PKR phosphorylation. The results indicate that the MHV N protein is a type I IFN antagonist that likely plays a role in circumventing the innate immune response.

title: @entity19 XXXX coronavirus A59 nucleocapsid protein is a type I interferon antagonist.

entities_list: @entity6185 :: ('MESH:D045169', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus (VV']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2348 is a significant problem that must be addressed after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of 346 adult-to-adult LDLT @entity1 was performed. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 (13.3%) experienced @entity2348 , with primary and secondary origins in 23.9% and 76.1%, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 71.7% of the bacteria isolated. The 2-year cumulative graft survival rate in @entity1 with @entity2348 was 45.7%. @entity1 with @entity2028 (n = 12) had poorer 2-year graft survival rates (16.7%) than did those with primary or other types of secondary sepsis (p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that intraoperative massive @entity190 >10L (p < 0.001) and no enteral feeding started within 48 hours after transplantation (p = 0.005) were significant risk factors for @entity2348 . Among @entity1 who received enteral nutrition, the incidences of @entity2348 in @entity1 who received enteral nutrition within 48 hours (n = 135) or later than 48 hours (n = 57) were 5.9% and 21.0%, respectively (p = 0.002). The incidence of early graft loss was 8-fold higher in recipients with massive intraoperative @entity190 without early enteral nutrition (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Early enteral nutrition was associated with significantly reduced risk of developing @entity2348 after LDLT.

title: XXXX after living donor liver transplantation: the impact of early enteral nutrition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial sepsis secondary to pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial sepsis', 'bacterial sepsis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['Bacterial sepsis']


abstract: @entity32117 ( @entity32117 ) syndrome is a @entity395 , defined by the association of idiopathic acute @entity32117 . The aim of our work was to determine the characteristics of @entity32117 in France, and to assess factors (including treatment) influencing medium-term prognosis.We conducted a nationwide study including 20 French hospitals. Clinical, laboratory, and renal histopathologic data of 41 biopsy-proven @entity32117 syndromes were retrospectively collected. The @entity1 were diagnosed between January 1, 1999 and December 1, 2015.Twenty-five females and 16 males were included (F/M ratio: 1.6:1). The median age at disease onset was 46.8 years (range 16.8-77.4) with a median serum @entity1011 level at 207 mol/L (range 100-1687) and a median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 27mL/min per 1.73m (range 2-73). Twenty-nine @entity1 (71%) had a bilateral anterior @entity1596 and 24 (59%) had deterioration in general health at presentation. Moderate @entity644 was found in 32 @entity1 (78%) (median @entity644 0.52g/24h; range 0.10-2.10), aseptic leukocyturia in 25/36 @entity1 (70%). The evaluation of renal biopsies revealed 41 @entity1 (100%) with an acute @entity1986 , 19/39 @entity1 (49%) with light to moderate @entity82 and 5 @entity1 (12%) with an @entity4295 . Thirty-six @entity1 (88%) were treated with oral @entity288 . After 1 year of follow-up, the median eGFR was 76mL/min per 1.73m (range 17-119) and 32% of the @entity1 suffered from moderate to severe @entity740 . Serum @entity1011 (P<0.001, r = -0.54), serum @entity3157 and @entity4613 levels (respectively, P = 0.01, r = 0.53; and P = 0.04, r = 0.46), and age (P = 0.03, r = -0.37) at the 1st symptoms were associated with eGFR after 1 year. During the 1st year 40% of @entity1 had @entity1596 relapses. The use of oral @entity288 was not associated with a better kidney function but was associated with fewer @entity1596 relapses (P = 0.44 and 0.02, respectively).In our study, 32% of @entity1 were suffering from moderate to severe @entity740 after 1 year of follow-up, and 40% had @entity1596 relapses during this follow-up. This work also suggests that oral @entity288 are effective for the treatment of @entity32117 's @entity1596 .

title: Clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of @entity1986 and XXXX in adults: A national retrospective strobe-compliant study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity32117 :: ('MESH:C536922', 'Disease') :: ['TINU syndrome', 'TINU', 'adult TINU syndrome', 'Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present study was to estimate the diagnostic value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of @entity5 cells in voided urine specimens for detecting upper tract @entity189 (UTUC). Cytology and FISH analyses were conducted on voided urine collected in the morning from 125 @entity1 with suspected UTUC. During follow-up, ureteroscopy with biopsy and histopathology were used to confirm the presence of @entity5 . The average follow-up time was 23.8 months (range, 6-36 months). A total of 8 @entity1 who could not be contacted until the last follow-up were excluded from the study. Of the remaining 117 @entity1 , 19 were histologically demonstrated to have UTUC, of whom, 3 @entity1 had stage pTis disease, 6 had stage pTa disease, 5 had stage pT1 disease and 5 had stage pT2 disease (7 G1, 8 G2 and 4 G3). The overall sensitivity of FISH to detect UTUCs in voided urine specimens was 84.21% (16/19), whereas that of cytology was 42.11% (8/19) (P<0.05). The overall specificity of FISH to detect UTUCs in voided urine specimens was 89.80% (88/98), compared with 94.90% (93/98) of cytology (P>0.05). The positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive value of FISH were 80.00% (16/20) and 97.78% (88/90), respectively, whereas those of cytology were 100.00% (8/8) (P>0.05) and 90.29% (93/103) (P>0.05), respectively. The present data indicated that FISH was a method capable of detecting UTUCs in voided urine specimens with good sensitivity and specificity, although it exhibited a high rate of false positivity and low @entity2286 .

title: Prospective evaluation of FISH for detecting upper tract XXXX in voided urine specimens.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4034 is a rare infection in newborns. Invasive procedures, prematurity and low birth wight are some causative factors. The clinical signs may be mild. We report a neonate with calcaneous @entity4034 which was secondary to a Guthrie test sample. She was admitted to hospital with @entity4 , redness and increased temperature on her heel. Superficial tissue ultrasound showed fluid collection with heavy content was observed on the posterior of the right foot. Puncture and drainage was performed and @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 was isolated from the drainage culture. Extremity magnetic resonance imaging showed tissue defect in right foot, @entity4 and contrast enhancement. Intravenous @entity5899 - @entity869 and oral @entity115 and @entity798 were given for 6 weeks. In follow-up, clinical symptoms recovered without curettage. In conclusion; calcaneous @entity4034 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity4 on heel in neonates who have been applied to invasive procedures as Guthrie test sample.

title: XXXX secondary to Guthrie test: case report.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema-inflammation', 'swelling']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Calcaneus osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Calcaneus osteomyelitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment for a majority of solid organ tumors is surgical resection; 10-20 % of @entity1 suffer a perioperative complication. Perioperative complications may contribute to @entity5 recurrence. This study examined the relationship between @entity260 and risk-adjusted @entity1 overall survival. METHODS: Data from 2003 to 2009 were linked from our clinical @entity5 registry, the National Surgery Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP), and medical records. @entity1 who had @entity5 extirpation for cure were included. The NSQIP was used to identify complications. @entity1 with a complication were matched to @entity1 without a complication.    (2) tests and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used. RESULTS: A total of 415 @entity1 were included for survival analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) for mortality associated with having a complication was 2.17. The HR for mortality after 200 days postoperatively was 2.47. Infectious complications were associated with the highest association with increased mortality (HR = 3.56). Noninfectious complications were not associated with an increased risk of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study investigated the relationship of surgical @entity166 complications in @entity5 @entity1 with long-term survival for @entity1 who had a number of different types of @entity5 . After taking into account the site, histology, and stage of the @entity5 , we found that @entity1 with @entity166 complications had @entity204 .

title: Association between XXXX and clinical @entity5 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['earlier death']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine the outcomes of @entity20917 keratoprosthesis implanted in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective case series was performed on @entity1 at least 75   years old who received the @entity20917 keratoprosthesis between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2012. Preoperative diagnosis, interval visual acuity, keratoprosthesis retention and @entity260 were recorded for each @entity1 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity20917 keratoprostheses were implanted in 44 eyes of 43 @entity1 . The most common indication for surgery was corneal graft failure (n=23; 52.3%) followed by @entity267 (n=8; 18.2%) and limbal stem cell dysfunction (n=8; 18.2%). All @entity1 had preoperative visual acuity of  <=20/200. Thirty-six of 44 (82%) @entity1 achieved visual acuity of 20/200 or better postoperatively, and 20 of those (55.6%) maintained 20/200 or better for 1   year after surgery. The median length of follow-up was 825   days (range: 27-2193   days), and at the last follow-up visit, 20 of 44 (45.5%) had 20/200 or better vision. The median best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR) improved from 2.6 preoperatively to 1.0 at 1   year postoperative (p<0.00001). Device retention at 1   year postoperative was 88.9%. The most common @entity260 were retroprosthetic membrane formation in 20 @entity1 (45.5%) and @entity4 in six @entity1 (13.6%). One @entity1 developed @entity1036 and consecutive @entity3225 2   months after surgery and required enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity20917 keratoprosthesis is an effective modality in @entity1939 in elderly @entity1 . Failure to restore or maintain ambulatory vision was typically due to non-corneal comorbidities, often unrelated to the keratoprosthesis.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal scar']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['corneal blindness']

entities_list: @entity20917 :: ('MESH:C565753', 'Disease') :: ['Boston type I']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity20917 :: (MESH:C565753,Disease) :: ['Boston keratoprosthesis type I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interactions of @entity5 cells with endothelium are a crucial step in metastatic invasion. RGD-recognizing integrins play a definitive role in these interactions. METHODS: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of RGD-sensitive integrins in prostate epithelial cells was performed. Attachment inhibition assay was used to characterize functionality of particular integrins. Potential partners for RGD-binding integrins in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were identified by Western blotting and attachment inhibition assay. To determine the RGD-flanking @entity1522 optimal for interactions with prostate cell integrins, these cells were biopanned with a phage library. RESULTS: Different expressions of RGD-recognizing integrins and distinctions in RGD-dependent adhesion of nonmalignant and @entity5 cells were observed. @entity5 but not control cells were detached from culture plastic by incubation with RGD peptide. Adhesion of @entity189 cells to HUVEC was RGD-sensitive, in contrast to nonmalignant cells. Antibodies against alpha3, alpha5, beta1, and alpha(v)beta3 inhibited interactions of @entity189 cells with HUVEC. Potential ligands for alpha5beta1, alpha3beta1, and alphaVbeta3 integrins, fibronectin, and @entity4732 , were detected on the HUVEC surface. Several phages which preferentially bound to the surface of particular prostate cells were selected. CONCLUSIONS: Interactions of @entity263 with endothelium are mediated in part via alpha5beta1, alpha3beta1, and alpha(v)beta3 integrins. Because these interactions are RGD-sensitive, synthetic RGD peptides with optimized flanking @entity1522 can potentially be used as antimetastatic agents.

title: RGD-recognizing integrins mediate interactions of XXXX @entity263 cells with endothelial cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity263 remains one of the commonest @entity5 in our community, and it appears that its incidence is rising because of the increasing proportion of the aged population. Improved technology, including the development of new @entity5 markers and @entity5 imaging techniques, and a gradually increasing community awareness of this disease, may allow earlier diagnosis. In turn, as the proportion of @entity1 presenting with early stage disease increases, improved approaches to the treatment of @entity5 may thus yield increased community cure rates. The mainstay of treatment of @entity1442 remains hormonal manipulation. The introduction of the @entity4396 agonists has provided an alternative to surgical castration, but has not resulted in an improved response rate or survival from first-line therapy. We believe that these agents do not offer a major benefit, when compared with the simple procedure of orchidectomy, notwithstanding the psychological sequelae of castration. With a median survival of less than five years after hormonal manipulation, many @entity1 still require salvage treatment after relapse. New hormonal therapies yield objective and subjective response rates of approximately 15% and 30%, respectively, but the median survival from the time of hormonal failure remains less than one year. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has not provided a panacea, but has shown definite evidence of antitumour activity in this disease. The use of relatively non-toxic single cytotoxic drugs can provide effective palliation of symptoms in up to 40% of @entity1 and may even prolong survival in some @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Update in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['localized cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: In Nigeria, @entity2040 , caused predominantly by the species @entity4114 , is highly endemic in resource-poor communities. We performed a school-based survey in two rural communities in Osun State (Southwestern Nigeria) and assessed macrohaematuria, microhaematuria and @entity644 as indirect indicators for the presence of disease. Urine samples were inspected macroscopically for haematuria and screened for microhaematuria and @entity644 using urine reagent strips. The microscopic examination of schistosome eggs was used as the gold standard for diagnosis. In total, 447 schoolchildren were included in this study and had a 51% prevalence of @entity14454 . The sensitivity of microhaematuria (68%) and @entity644 (53%) for infection with @entity4114 was relatively low. In @entity1 with a @entity281 (>or= 500 eggs/10 mL), the sensitivity of microhaematuria was high (95%). When the presence of macrohaematuria and the concomitant presence of microhaematuria and @entity644 were combined, it revealed a sensitivity of 63%, a specificity of 93% and a positive predictive value of 91%. Macrohaematuria also showed high specificity (96%) and a positive predictive value of 92%, while sensitivity was < 50%. These data show that combining urine reagent strip tests (presence of @entity644 and microhaematuria) and information on macrohaematuria increased the accuracy of the rapid diagnosis of @entity14454 in an endemic rural West African setting. This simple approach can be used to increase the quality of monitoring of @entity2040 in schoolchildren.

title: A simple approach improving the performance of urine reagent strips for rapid diagnosis of XXXX in Nigerian schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity14454 :: ('MESH:D012553', 'Disease') :: ['urinary schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['heavy infection']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity14454 :: (MESH:D012553,Disease) :: ['urinary schistosomiasis']


abstract: The axons that constitute the ovarian nervous plexus originate mostly in the principal neurons of the superior @entity4494 (SMG) that is part of the sympathetic ganglionic chain and exhibits cholinergic receptors. In order to observe the effect of @entity934 , the main neurotransmitter in the ganglionic transmission, the purpose of the present work was: first, to standardize an integrated ex vivo superior @entity2670 (SMG-ONP-O) system in oestrus day @entity35 ; secondly, to determine if the ganglionic cholinergic stimulus modifies the release of @entity842 and @entity230 in the ovary compartment in the absence of humoral factors; and thirdly, to investigate if there are differences in the responses between the left and right ovaries caused by the neural stimulus. The ex vivo experimental left and right systems were developed and standardized. The systems were incubated in Krebs-Ringer @entity1391 buffer in a Dubnoff metabolic shaker. The @entity1420 release was determined to standardize the incubation times, obtaining different responses between the left and right systems, which shows that both systems have their own autonomic tone. Non-specific stimulation with @entity4338 in the ganglion compartment provoked different responses in terms of release of @entity1420 and @entity53 . @entity1420 decreased in the left and right systems. However, @entity53 diminished at short times and increased at 60 and 120 min in the left ovary, whereas it increases at 30 and 60 min in the right ovary. These different responses show the sensitivity and viability of both systems. When @entity934 was used in the ganglion compartment, the release of @entity842 , @entity1420 , @entity2671 and @entity53 was evaluated. The liberation of @entity3542 increased at 15, 30 and 60 min in the left system and decreased in the right system at 120 min. @entity1420 showed a decrease in its release at 15, 30 and 120 min and @entity2671 at 15 min in the left ovary compartment. In the right ovary, only @entity1420 decreased in relation to the control at 120 min while @entity2671 did not show significant changes. @entity53 showed an increase in the left ovary compartment at all the studied times, while in the right ovary it did not show any changes. These results indicate that the neural stimulus from the superior @entity4494 through the ovarian nervous plexus is one of the factors modulating the secretory activity of the ovarian @entity230 and @entity842 . The system is viable and also shows a different sensitivity of the left ovary in relation to the right one at least in this cycle stage, characterized by marked irrigation and profound structural changes in the ovary.

title: The cholinergic influence on the @entity4494 affects the liberation of ovarian @entity230 and XXXX in oestrus day @entity35 : characterization of an ex vivo system.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ganglion']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ganglion-ovarian nervous plexus-ovary']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Forty @entity1 aged 64.7 +/- 5.1 yr with established @entity170 were blindly allocated to 1 yr's treatment with either continuous combined @entity172 /progestogen therapy (2 mg @entity53 + 1 mg @entity5709 + 500 mg @entity460 daily) or placebo + 500 mg @entity460 daily. In the group treated with hormones bone mineral density in the spine (dual photon absorptiometry) and bone mineral content in the ultradistal forearm (single photon absorptiometry) increased highly significantly by 8-10% during the 1 yr of treatment. Bone mineral content in the mid-shaft of the forearm (single photon absorptiometry) and the total body bone mineral (dual photon absorptiometry) increased by 3-5% when compared to that in the placebo group, which showed virtually unchanged values at all measurement sites. Seven of the @entity1 treated with hormones were examined after a further year of treatment. BMC increased by another 3-6%, reaching a 12% increase in bone mineral density in the spine after 2 yr of treatment. Biochemical estimates of bone resorption (fasting urinary @entity460 and @entity720 ) and bone formation (serum alkaline phosphatase and plasma osteocalcin), decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) in the group treated with hormones, but remained unchanged in the placebo group. The reduction in indices of bone resorption was more pronounced than that in bone formation after one year, indicating a positive bone balance. No further changes were seen in these bone turnover parameters during the second year of treatment. In the group treated with hormones, serum levels of @entity1674 , total @entity165 , and low density lipoprotein @entity165 decreased by about 12% (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.01), whereas high density lipoprotein @entity165 decreased by about 8% (P less than 0.001). The high density lipoprotein @entity165 /low density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio was unchanged. The hormone treatment did not produce any major side effects, and only minor bleedings were experienced by a few @entity1 . The present study demonstrates that treatment with female sex hormones in this particular combination is a realistic approach to the treatment of @entity1 with established @entity170 .

title: @entity53 and continuous norethisterone: a unique treatment for established XXXX in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity5709 :: ('MESH:C024262', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction is characterized by high postoperative morbidity rates. Recently it was shown that decreased sublingual @entity450 ( @entity450 ) preoperatively was associated with increased rate of complications after abdominal surgery. Similar observations in severely septic @entity1 could be treated with @entity452 , independent of cardiac output. Based on these considerations we hypothesized that @entity450 are more likely to be found in @entity1 undergoing high risk surgery such as esophagectomy, and if present, might be prevented with administration of low dose @entity452 . METHODS: In this single-centre, prospective, double-blinded study, we randomized 20 @entity1 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit following esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction into two groups. The intervention group (D) received a small dose of @entity452 (2.5  g/kg/min) directly postoperative until two days postoperatively, whereas the placebo group (P) received a similar volume of saline. A subset of @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy surgery was included as control group (C) for comparison with the study group. @entity450 was determined one day prior to surgery until two days postoperatively. RESULTS: At the first postoperative day, @entity1 in the esophagectomy/placebo group (P), showed a significant lower microvascular flow index, perfused vessel density and proportion of perfused vessels compared to baseline (p < 0.001) and the pancreaticoduodenectomy group (C) (p < 0.001). Administration of @entity452 significantly prevented the overall decrease in @entity450 the first postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Postoperative sublingual @entity450 is markedly impaired in esophagectomy @entity1 compared to @entity1 who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy and could be prevented by early administration of a small dose @entity452 .

title: Postoperative sublingual microcirculatory derangement following esophagectomy is prevented with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['MBF', 'microvascular blood flow', 'Sublingual MBF', 'sublingual MBF derangements']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ) usually manifests as either @entity2210 or less commonly with complications such as @entity548 . @entity1 with @entity548 ulcers are often asymptomatic until the @entity548 occurs. A lack of @entity1109 might be explained by @entity73 . The aim of this study was to assess symptom profiles and compare visceral sensory thresholds in @entity1 with @entity548 peptic @entity1066 (BPU) and uncomplicated @entity10189 . METHODS: A total of 30 @entity1 with BPU, 25 with uncomplicated @entity10189 and 32 @entity23 ( @entity23 ) without @entity1109 were recruited. In @entity1066 @entity1 after at least 8 weeks of @entity1066 treatment and an 8-hr fast, visceral sensitivity was tested using a standardized nutrient challenge with an enteral feeding solution. Five key symptoms (fullness, @entity490 , @entity1661 , @entity390 , and regurgitation) were assessed using visual analog scales (0-100). RESULTS: Twenty-five of the 30 (83%, 95% confidence interval 65-94%) @entity1 with BPU had no @entity1109 compared with none of the 25 uncomplicated @entity10189 @entity1 . @entity1 with BPU and @entity23 had significantly lower symptom responses (BPU 127.6 +/- 24.6, @entity23 89.8 +/- 13.9) to the nutrient challenge than uncomplicated @entity10189 @entity1 (338.4 +/- 56.2, P < 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity1109 (30/55) had significantly higher symptom responses (327.3 +/- 47.8) than the 25/55 @entity1 without symptoms (98.9 +/- 23.4, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 with BPU present without @entity1109 . Even after healing of the @entity1066 , @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity10189 have a significantly augmented symptom response to a standardized nutrient challenge compared to @entity1 with complicated ulcers and @entity23 . Differences in the processing of upper gastrointestinal visceral afferents may play a major role in the clinical presentation (complicated vs uncomplicated) of @entity10189 .

title: Association between clinical manifestations of complicated and uncomplicated peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['PUD', 'Peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired visceral sensory function']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['dyspeptic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal/abdominal burning']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer and visceral sensory dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: to correlate the clinical manifestations of @entity1 with @entity2588 and @entity2008 . METHODS: a retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratorial findings of @entity1 with @entity2588 and @entity1112 chromosome, attended between January 1975 and November 2007 was performed. Their anthropometric measures were evaluated through standard growth tables, and, when present, minor and major anomalies were noted. The chromosomal study was performed through the GTG banded karyotype. RESULTS: from the total of 141 @entity1 with @entity2588 , 16% presented numerical and 13% structural @entity1112 chromosome. From these @entity1 with @entity2008 (n=41), 35 had a complete clinical description. All presented @entity2746 . Primary @entity2588 was observed in 24 @entity1 , 91.7% of them with a @entity2689 phenotype. Despite a case with Xq22-q28 deletion, all @entity1 with this phenotype presented alterations involving Xp (one case with an additional cell lineage 46,XY). The two remaining @entity1 with only primary @entity2588 had proximal deletions of Xq. Among the 11 @entity1 with secondary @entity2588 , 54.5% presented a Turner phenotype (all with isolated or mosaic X chromosome monosomy). @entity1 with phenotype of isolated @entity2670 had only Xq deletions and X trisomy. CONCLUSIONS: the cytogenetic analysis must always be performed in @entity1 with @entity2670 of unknown cause, even in the absence of clinical @entity154 . This analysis is also extremely relevant in syndromic @entity1 , because it can either confirm the diagnosis or identify @entity1 in risk, like the cases involving a 46,XY lineage.

title: [ @entity2588 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of X']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['X chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['X chromosome abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2012, we published an overview of the prevalence of @entity245 and @entity16 in @entity1 in Norway, which was unknown at the time. In this article we will compare diagnostics and treatment across counties and institutions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The prevalence across counties of @entity72 , @entity71 , @entity302 and @entity306 in @entity1 aged 0-12 was estimated with the aid of data from the Norwegian @entity1 Register for the years 2008-11. RESULTS: In the age group 6-12 years, nationwide prevalence amounted to 0.6% for @entity72 , 2.0% for @entity71 , 0.9% for @entity302 and 0.3% for @entity306 . In total, 5.0% of all twelve-year-olds were registered with one or more of these diagnoses. The prevalence of @entity72 and @entity71 varied between the counties, from 0.3% to 1.5% for @entity72 and from 1.1% to 3.5% for @entity71 . For @entity302 and @entity306 there was little variation between the counties. Diagnostics and treatment of these four conditions are spread over 29 somatic hospitals and 102 units for @entity1 and youth psychiatry. INTERPRETATION: The variations across counties in the prevalence of @entity72 and @entity71 are most likely due to variations in diagnostic practices. We ask whether it is appropriate to spread the provision of treatment across such a high number of institutions.

title: Differences across counties in the registered prevalence of autism, @entity71 , XXXX and @entity306 in Norway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) is the standard first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate @entity31 . In the PINCE study, remission rates were significantly greater with combined oral/enema vs. oral/placebo treatment at 8 weeks (64% vs. 43%, respectively; p=0.030). In this analysis, we explored early response, @entity33 rates, cessation of @entity548 , and quality of life in PINCE. METHODS: @entity1 with extensive mild-to-moderately active @entity31 received 8weeks of oral @entity2983 4 g/day, plus 4 weeks of daily active (1g @entity2983 ) or placebo enema. Early response was assessed using the abbreviated @entity31 activity index. Mucosal healing was assessed by disease activity index endoscopic mucosal appearance score. Cessation of @entity548 ( @entity1 diaries), quality of life (EQ-5D), and @entity1 acceptability (questionnaire) were also assessed. RESULTS: Combined @entity2983 oral/enema treatment achieved a significantly higher rate of improvement in abbreviated @entity31 activity index (score decrease >=  2) within 2 weeks, compared with oral-only treatment (p = 0.032). Bleeding ceased significantly more quickly with combination vs. oral therapy (p = 0.003). More @entity1 showed @entity33 (disease activity index endoscopic mucosal appearance score 0/1) with combination vs. oral therapy, which was significantly different between groups at week 4 (p = 0.052). Both groups showed quality of life improvements, with a significant benefit for combination vs. oral therapy at week 4 in multiple domains. Most @entity1 reported finding the treatment acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid cessation of symptoms was seen with combination therapy, which is particularly important to @entity1 and may improve quality of life.

title: Combined oral and rectal XXXX for the treatment of mild-to-moderately active @entity31 : rapid symptom resolution and improvements in quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'ulcerative colitis disease']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'mesalazine', 'Mesalazine']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['mesalazine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Fecal impaction and @entity322 and are among the most important problems in @entity1 with @entity3570 . We report our preliminary results with a minimally invasive approach to these 2 problems, that is same setting laparoscopic antegrade continence enema and antegrade @entity1494 injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the charts of all @entity1 who underwent same setting laparoscopic antegrade continence enema and antegrade @entity1494 injection between January 1, 2006 and August 1, 2008. Demographic data, surgical indications, operative details and results were recorded. Surgical steps were uniform in all cases. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. Two additional 5 mm trocars were placed. The appendix was mobilized to reach skin in the right lower quadrant. The antegrade continence enema channel was matured. A small percutaneous cystotomy was then created via the suprapubic port site. The cystoscope was passed suprapubically and dextranomer/hyaluronic acid was injected in the @entity1494 . A suprapubic tube was placed. RESULTS: We performed a total of 10 same setting laparoscopic antegrade continence enemas with antegrade @entity1494 injection in 4 males and 6 females with a mean age of 9.4 years (range 6 to 13). All @entity1 had a smooth walled bladder on cystogram, and good capacity, good compliance and low leak point pressure on urodynamics. There were no intraoperative complications and all @entity1 were discharged home within 24 hours. At an average 18-month followup (range 12 to 27) all 10 @entity1 were continent of stool and reported marked improvement in daily care. No @entity1 experienced stool or gas leakage via antegrade @entity1494 injection. Seven of 10 @entity1 (70%) were continent of urine and no longer wore diapers. CONCLUSIONS: Same setting laparoscopic antegrade continence enema with antegrade @entity1494 injection is a safe, efficacious, reasonably simple minimally invasive approach to severe @entity1142 and @entity322 in @entity1 with @entity3570 .

title: Same setting laparoscopic antegrade continence enema and antegrade @entity1494 injection for XXXX and @entity322 in the @entity3570 population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Identifying @entity1575 is important to evaluate the severity of @entity409 and to establish a prognosis. Utility of non-invasive markers of @entity1575 has been proved in adults but there are few reports in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate Fibrotest   score and APRI suitability to identify @entity1 with @entity1575 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 68 @entity1 with @entity409 requiring liver biopsy were prospectively included from three 3rd-level pediatric hospitals. The same pathologist evaluated all liver biopsies; @entity82 degree was determined by METAVIR score. Serum samples were obtained to determine Fibrotest   and APRI. AUROC were used to determine cut-off and differentiate between advanced @entity82 (METAVIR F3, F4) and no @entity82 (F0). RESULTS: 68 biopsies were evaluated; METAVIR > F3 was identified in 26 (38%). Non invasive @entity1575 markers to differentiate between advanced and no @entity82 were: Fibrotest   AUROC = 0.90 (95% CI 0.77-1.00) (cut-off value 0.35) sensitivity 88.00% (95% CI 68-96) and specificity 80% (95% CI 29-98); and for APRI AUROC = 0.97 (95% CI 0.92-1.00) (cut-off value 0.82), sensitivity 88% (95% CI 68-96) and specificity = 100% (95% CI 46-100). CONCLUSION: These results suggest the utility of Fibrotest   and APRI to identify advanced @entity82 ; they can be recommended to select @entity1 for liver biopsy and during @entity1 follow-up.

title: Non-invasive markers of @entity1575 in @entity409 in a group of Mexican XXXX . A multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2867 , albeit rare, is one of the most aggressive @entity1 @entity5 , with a dismal prognosis. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity2867 were identified during the past 30 years to evaluate its clinicopathologic features and to document our experience in management. Potential risk factors for survival time were analyzed. RESULTS: The usual presentation was that of a rapidly enlarging neck mass. Distant @entity3 were present in 50% of @entity1 on presentation. Palliative resection was performed in 16 @entity1 . The median survival was 38 days, and the 2-year survival rate was 4%. Among factors analyzed, @entity1 selected for surgical resection, absence of distant @entity3 at presentation, young age, and @entity5 size <6 cm were associated with an increased survival time. Concomitant well-differentiated @entity259 and @entity876 overexpression were present in 12 of the 22 and 13 of the 19 specimens, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity189 of thyroid have a dismal prognosis heralding imminent @entity204 . Surgical ablation followed by adjuvant therapy can provide palliation for selected @entity1 only.

title: XXXX of the thyroid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma', 'anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Anaplastic carcinoma']


abstract: The completion of the @entity1 genome sequence has made possible genome-wide studies of retroviral DNA integration. Here we report an analysis of 3,127 integration site sequences from @entity1 cells. We compared retroviral vectors derived from @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV), @entity778 ( @entity778 ), and @entity19 @entity1778 virus (MLV). Effects of gene activity on integration targeting were assessed by transcriptional profiling of infected cells. Integration by @entity645 vectors, analyzed in two primary cell types and several cell lines, strongly favored active genes. An analysis of the effects of tissue-specific transcription showed that it resulted in tissue-specific integration targeting by @entity645 , though the effect was quantitatively modest. Chromosomal regions rich in expressed genes were favored for @entity645 integration, but these regions were found to be interleaved with unfavorable regions at CpG islands. MLV vectors showed a strong bias in favor of integration near transcription start sites, as reported previously. @entity778 vectors showed only a weak preference for active genes and no preference for transcription start regions. Thus, each of the three retroviruses studied showed unique integration site preferences, suggesting that virus-specific binding of integration complexes to chromatin features likely guides site selection.

title: Retroviral DNA integration: XXXX , @entity645 , and MLV show distinct target site preferences.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['ASLV', 'avian sarcoma-leukosis virus']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['ASLV']


abstract: CONTEXT: Repetitive throwing at high velocities leads to altered range of motion (ROM) in the dominant shoulder compared with the nondominant shoulder in overhead-throwing athletes. Loss of glenohumeral internal rotation (IR), or @entity717 ( @entity717 ), is associated with shoulder injuries. Therefore, @entity717 should be evaluated during the clinical examination of the thrower's shoulder. OBJECTIVE: To assess glenohumeral ROM in competitive baseball and softball athletes at 3 intervals over the course of an @entity2587 season in order to (1) examine changes in ROM over time and (2) monitor the prevalence of @entity717 . DESIGN: Observational, repeated-measures study. SETTING: Collegiate @entity2587 training room. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : Forty-eight healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I or Division II athletes (age = 19 + or - 1 years, height = 174 + or - 14 cm, mass = 77.8 + or - 18.1 kg; 19 softball, 29 baseball players). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We measured glenohumeral IR, external rotation (ER), total arc (ER + IR), and @entity717 at 3 times: prefall, prespring, and postspring. We calculated @entity717 in 2 ways: as the difference in IR between dominant and nondominant shoulders and as the percentage of the total arc. RESULTS: In the dominant shoulder, ER increased during the season (F(2,96) = 17.433, P < .001), but IR remained the same (F(2,96) = 1.839, P = .17). The total arc in the dominant shoulder increased between time intervals (F(2,96) = 14.030, P < .001); the mean difference between prefall and postspring measurements was 9.694 degrees (P < .001), and the mean difference between prefall and postspring measurements was 10.990 degrees (P < .001). In the nondominant shoulder, ER increased over the season (F(2,96) = 23.395, P < .001), but IR did not change over the season (F(2,96) = 0.087, P = .90). The total arc in the nondominant shoulder increased between prefall and prespring measurements and between prefall and postspring measurements (F(2,96) = 18.552, P < .001). No changes were noted in @entity717 over time. However, more athletes with @entity717 were identified with the @entity717 (IR difference) calculation in prefall (n = 6) than in prespring (n = 1) and postspring (n = 4) (Cochran Q = 5.2, P = .07). In addition, more athletes with @entity717 were identified with the @entity717 (% total arc) calculation in postspring (n = 6) than in prefall (n = 5) or prespring (n = 4) (Cochran Q = 2.6, P = .27). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy NCAA Division I and Division II athletes did not display changes in glenohumeral IR over an @entity2587 season. However, they gained in ER and total arc during the season in both shoulders. Future researchers should investigate changes over multiple seasons. The 2 methods of calculating @entity717 identified different athletes as having @entity717 , indicating that additional investigation is warranted to determine the clinical benefits of each method.

title: Glenohumeral rotational range of motion in collegiate overhead-throwing athletes during an XXXX season.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit', 'GIRD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['athletic']


abstract: Additive hormonal therapy remains the treatment of choice for disseminated @entity0 in postmenopausal @entity1 . @entity1 with hormone-dependent @entity5 receive excellent and long-lasting palliation from alterations in the hormonal milieu. Now that @entity5282 assays are clinically available, responses can be accuratedly predicted in a large percentage of cases. Tables 11--6 is a summary of additive hormonal therapy in postmenopausal @entity1 . Endocrine ablative therapy remains of primary importance in premenopausal @entity1 because of the superior results, but @entity3800 or antiestrogens may be helpful when @entity1 are not surgical candidates. Castration continues to be the initial approach, with adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy reserved for promising candidates. In postmenopausal @entity1 the initial choice is @entity172 . The exceptions are those @entity1 with @entity3 limited to bone, when @entity3800 excel because of an equivalent objective response and superior subjective and metabolic effects. @entity1 who respond to @entity172 and then progress are observed for a rebound regression following the discontinuation of @entity172 therapy. Whereas some who do not respond to @entity3800 will respond to @entity172 , the converse does not appear to be true (Kennedy, 1974). Currently progestins are the secondary hormonal agent of choice in postmenopausal @entity1 , but they may be displaced by antiestrogens as more data become available. In general, if a @entity1 's @entity5 lacks @entity172 receptors or the @entity1 fails to respond to an adequate trial of endocrine or hormonal therapy, one should proceed directly to cytotoxic chemotherapy. A suggested plan for the integration of endocrine with hormonal therapy and both with other forms of palliation is diagrammed at the end of Chapter 12.

title: XXXX . Endocrine and hormonal therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Cancer of the breast']


abstract: The antimitogenic action of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) in epithelial cells involves @entity1364 -dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitory gene responses and downregulation of @entity517 expression. Although the cdk inhibitory responses are sufficient for G(1) arrest, enforced expression of @entity517 prevents G(1) arrest by @entity2533 . We investigated the basis of this antagonism by using Mv1Lu lung epithelial cell lines that conditionally express levels of @entity1 @entity517 . We show that @entity517 prevents induction of the @entity8985 inhibitor @entity9288 ( @entity9288 ) and the subsequent inhibition of G(1) cdks by @entity2533 . We assessed the significance of this effect by analyzing the oligomeric state of @entity8985 in these cells. In proliferating cells, endogenous @entity8985 is distributed among three populations: an abundant high-molecular-mass (>400-kDa) pool of latent @entity8985 that serves as a source of @entity8985 for @entity1364 D, a low-abundance pool containing active @entity1364 D- @entity8985 complexes, and an inactive population of monomeric @entity8985 . Cell stimulation with @entity2533 converts the latent and active @entity8985 pools into inactive @entity8985 , an effect that is specifically mimicked by overexpression of @entity9288 but not by other forms of G(1) arrest. This process of @entity2533 -induced @entity8985 inactivation is completely blocked by expression of @entity517 , even though the latent and active @entity8985 complexes from @entity517 -expressing cells remain sensitive to dissociation by @entity9288 in vitro. @entity517 causes a small increase in @entity1364 D levels, but this effect contributes little to the loss of @entity2533 responses in these cells. The evidence suggests that @entity517 interferes with @entity2533 activation of the @entity9288 G(1) arrest pathway. @entity2533 must therefore downregulate @entity517 in order to activate this pathway.

title: @entity517 downregulation by @entity2533 required for activation of the XXXX ( @entity9288 ) G(1) arrest pathway.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta', 'TGF-beta']

answer: @entity9288 :: (1030,Gene) :: ['p15']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) is frequently resistant to drug treatment, but a high percentage of these @entity1 can be free of @entity410 after @entity302 surgery. Delay in the surgical decision has been related to quality of life @entity73 , and increased mortality risk. A predictive model for refractoriness based on clinical and diagnostic factors may allow its earlier detection and a shorter delay before surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in @entity1315 @entity1 over 16 years old. The dependent variable was resistance to medical treatment according to ILAE 2010 criteria. Independent variables were clinical, semiological, therapeutic, neurophysiological, radiological, and neuropsychological variables. A multivariate study was conducted to identify the variables associated with refractoriness, calculating the positive and negative predictive values and positive likelihood ratios of these variables individually and in combination. These data were used to construct a refractoriness predictive model. RESULTS: ILAE refractoriness criteria were met by 83 @entity1 (50.9%). In the multivariate analysis, refractoriness was significantly associated with one semiological variable, one neuroradiological variable, one neurophysiological variable, and two therapeutic variables but not with neuropsychological test outcomes. These significant variables were used to construct a predictive model. CONCLUSION: Assessment of semiological, neurophysiological, and neuroradiological data can serve to stratify the risk of @entity302 in @entity1315 @entity1 .

title: Predictive model for refractoriness in XXXX based on clinical and diagnostic test data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment, social and work limitations']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'Temporal Lobe Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, some studies had shown that elevated serum @entity414 (SUA) itself may increase the risk for development of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity6 . This study aimed to explore whether SUA was a predictor of microalbuminuria and @entity2316 in Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 2108 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Kidney function was estimated using the simplified @entity8 ( @entity8 ) equation to obtain estimated glomerular filtration rate. The urine samples were obtained for measuring the albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio (ACR). RESULTS: According to the ACR level, these @entity1 were divided into two groups, normal ACR (NA) and non-normal ACR (non-NA). Both SUA and @entity1011 were significantly higher in the non-NA group than those in the NA group ((318.89    107.52) vs. (283.44    88.64)   mol/L, and (95.08    53.24) vs. (79.63    18.20)   mol/L, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that @entity6 duration, systolic blood pressure, @entity1011 and SUA were the independent predictors of @entity633 . Furthermore, to identify the factors associated with renal function, these @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the @entity8 level ( @entity8 < 90 or @entity8 >=  90). Both SUA and @entity1011 were significantly higher in the lower @entity8 group than those in the higher @entity8 group ((301.90    96.46) vs. (264.07    84.74)   mol/L, and (89.10    31.00) vs. (66.37    11.15)   mol/L, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that only age and SUA were the independent predictors of @entity8 . CONCLUSION: High-normal SUA was associated with @entity633 and impaired glomerular filtration rate in Chinese type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: High-normal serum @entity414 is associated with XXXX and impaired glomerular filtration rate in Chinese type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'renal disease', 'modification of diet in renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function in type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity7041 -positive advanced NSCLC, @entity9816 has a high response rate and effectively increases quality of life and survival. CT measurement of the @entity5 may insufficiently reflect the actual @entity5 load changes during targeted therapy with @entity9816 . We explored whether @entity419 PET measured metabolic changes are different from CT based changes and studied the impact of these changes on disease progression. METHODS: @entity419 PET/CT was performed prior to and after 6 weeks of @entity9816 treatment. @entity5 response on CT was classified with RECIST 1.1, while @entity419 PET response was assessed according to the 1999 EORTC recommendations and PERCIST criteria. Agreement was assessed using McNemars test. During follow-up, @entity1 received additional PET/CT during @entity9816 treatment and second generation @entity7041 inhibition. We assessed whether PET was able to detect progression earlier then CT. RESULTS: In this exploratory study 15 @entity1 were analyzed who were treated with @entity9816 . There was a good agreement in the applicability of CT and @entity419 PET/CT using the EORTC recommendations. During first line @entity9816 and subsequent second line @entity7041 inhibitors, PET was able to detect progression earlier then CT in 10/22 (45%) events of progression and in the others disease progression was detected simultaneously. CONCLUSION: In advanced @entity7041 positive NSCLC PET was able to detect progressive disease earlier than with CT in nearly half of the assessments while both imaging tests performed similar in the others.

title: Total Body Metabolic @entity5 Response in @entity7041 Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer @entity1 Treated with XXXX Inhibition.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity9816 :: ('MESH:C551994', 'Chemical') :: ['crizotinib']

answer: @entity7041 :: (238,Gene) :: ['ALK']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To mitigate risks of @entity548 , high-risk features of @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) can be targeted to reduce the risk of @entity397 . Previous investigation has examined @entity887 of a pedicle supplying a high-risk feature; this study examines @entity887 targeted specifically at @entity439 associated with @entity2758 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2758 treated at two high-volume neurointerventional services were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 treated with intention to occlude only the associated @entity439 itself were analyzed. @entity75 characteristics were identified, as were technical and clinical outcomes. Adverse events were defined as @entity548 , new @entity410 , and @entity204 . RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 met inclusion criteria out of 1103 @entity1 treated during the study period. Twenty-seven (84.4%) @entity2758 were @entity697 , all with the @entity439 identified as the @entity548 source. Twenty-four (75.0%) lesions involved eloquent territory. There were equal numbers of feeding artery and nidus @entity439 . Follow-up data were available for a total of 101.3 @entity1 -years for a mean follow-up time of 2.9 years. One @entity1 died; the remaining 31 @entity1 had improved functional status at last contact. Annualized rate of @entity548 after treatment was 1.0%; rate of adverse events after treatment was 3.0%. Excluding time after confirmed occlusion following radiosurgery, annualized rates were 1.4% and 4.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In inoperable @entity2758 , targeted @entity887 of associated @entity439 can be performed safely and effectively. This should be considered in high-risk lesions prior to radiosurgery or in cases when no other treatment options are available. Such intervention warrants further investigation.

title: Less can be more: Targeted XXXX of @entity439 associated with @entity2758 unsuitable for surgical resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acutely ruptured']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['BAVMs', 'brain arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Demographic and lesion']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolization']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent @entity23 ( @entity23 ) showed conflicting efficacy and safety between bivalirudin and heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We aimed to perform an updated meta-analysis, including real-world and trial data to examine the factors affecting their risk-benefit ratio. METHODS: We searched Medline, the Cochrane library, and meeting abstracts for studies comparing bivalirudin versus heparin during PCI. Random-effect meta-analyses for MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events), stent @entity715 (ST) and major @entity548 were performed. p-Value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of 20 @entity23 and 31 observation studies (n=165,835) showed that bivalirudin and heparin were similar in the risk of MACE in @entity23 (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.97-1.13) and observational studies (OR 0.94, 95% 0.81-1.10). Major @entity548 was lower with bivalirudin in both @entity23 (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.51-0.70) and observational studies (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-0.68). However, in the metaregression analysis, every 10% increase of transradial access decreased the @entity548 benefit of bivalirudin by 4.9% (p=0.046, adjusted for GPI and heparin loading dose). ST with bivalirudin was higher with ST-segment elevation @entity583 (STEMI) in @entity23 (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.15-1.99) but not in observational studies (p=0.65). CONCLUSIONS: In this large meta-analysis, bivalirudin is associated with a lower risk of @entity548 compared to heparin in both @entity23 and observational studies, however, transradial PCI mitigated most of this @entity548 benefit. Heparin should be the preferred agent in transradial PCI given its lower cost and comparable outcomes.

title: Transradial access mitigates XXXX benefit offered by bivalirudin over heparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies.

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized control trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether multivariate, functional principal component analysis of the size and shape of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell morphology allows discrimination of @entity19 RPE genotypes and age. METHODS: Flatmounts of RPE sheets obtained from C57BL/6J (n = 50) and @entity27763 (n = 61) @entity19 at postnatal days 30 to 720 were stained for zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and imaged with confocal microscopy. A total of 111 flatmounts were prepared. Twenty-one morphometric measurements were made on tiled, composite images of complete flatmounts, including cell location, area, and eccentricity, using automated image analysis software for quantitatively measuring cell phenotypes. RESULTS: In young ( <=61-day-old) C57BL/6J @entity19 , the RPE morphology resembled a regular hexagonal array of cells of uniform size throughout the retina, except near the ciliary body, where the shapes of RPE resembled a soft network. Old (>= 180-day-old) C57BL/6J eyes had a subpopulation of large cells. A clear disruption of the regular cell size and shape appeared in @entity27763 mutants. Aspect ratio and cell area gave rise to principal components that predictively classified @entity19 age and genotype. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative differences in the RPE sheet morphology allowed discrimination of @entity27763 from C57BL/6J strains despite the confounding effect of aging. This has implications for RPE sheet morphology as a potential early biomarker for diagnosis of @entity2194 and @entity735 at early stages when disease is subtle. We conclude that an RPE cell's area and aspect ratio are very early quantitative indicators that predict progression to @entity989 as manifested in @entity27763 .

title: Functional principal component analysis reveals discriminating categories of retinal pigment epithelial morphology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['prognosis of the eye']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['advanced RPE disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Severe essential @entity101 in a subset of American black subjects is associated with marked stenosis of interlobular arteries and arterioles of the kidneys, observed by renal biopsy and binephrectomy specimens. The interlobular arterial stenosis is caused by marked thickening of the intima due mainly to the presence of smooth muscle cells, basement membrane material, and acid mucopolysaccharide. Because of this makeup, we propose the term "musculo-mucoid intimal @entity1373 " for this lesion. The media of these arteries appears maximally dilated, and by electron microscope displays degenerative changes of the smooth muscle cells. The arterioles are thickened, due mainly to hyalinization, but also due to the musculo-mucoid change (onionskin effect). The smooth muscle cells are degenerated and @entity3202 . These @entity1 do not exhibit @entity39 of the arteries, arterioles, and glomeruli, presumably because of the rapidity of the development of the arterial stenotic lesion. Accordingly, the glomeruli are destroyed by @entity63 , and there is no evidence of glomerulitis (no "Kombinations" form of Fahr). A unifying hypothesis concerning renal hypertensive @entity455 is suggested by these studies. This hypothesis places the main emphasis for all the morphological expressions of the intrinsic visceral vasculature on changes involving the main functional unit of the vessel wall, the medical smooth muscle.

title: XXXX due to musculo-mucoid intimal @entity1373 of intrarenal arteries. Absence of renal fibrinoid necrosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinoid necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Malignant hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the clinico-pathological features of primary @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, and to compare our results to those reported in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three adult @entity1 with primary @entity1893 diagnosed over a 5-year period (2000 through 2005) were retrospectively studied clinically and histopathologically. They were classified using the REAL/WHO histopathologic classification. RESULTS: Of the 23 @entity1 with primary @entity1893 , 14 (60.9%) were Saudis, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. The mean age of male @entity1 was 61. 3 years, ranging from 42-83 years with an SD of +/-13.09; while for females, the mean age was 64 years, ranging from 50-75 years with an SD of +/-9.14. @entity490 was the most common presenting symptom (78.3%), and the most common primary site was the stomach (73.9%), followed by the small bowel (13%). The most frequent histologic subtype was the diffuse large @entity1892 , accounting for 60.9% of all cases, followed by the @entity1074 (MALT type), which was @entity1534 associated (39.1%). A large proportion of @entity1 with primary @entity1893 had @entity66 (Stage IE - 20%, Stage IIE - 58.6%). With regards to treatment, 15 @entity1 (65.2%) had chemotherapy, while only 2 @entity1 (8.7%) were treated by @entity1534 eradication. The overall 5-year survival was 47.8%. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrated that primary @entity1893 is more common among males, mainly in their sixth decade. @entity490 is the most common presenting symptom, with stomach being the most common involved site. Diffuse large @entity1892 is the most frequent histologic subtype, followed by extranodal marginal-zone @entity1892 (MALT type), which was @entity1534 -associated. A majority of cases have @entity66 (stage IE and IIE), mostly treated by combination chemotherapy.

title: XXXX : a clinico-pathological study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['marginal-zone cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori', 'Helicobacter']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'GI NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: The clinical and roentgenographic manifestations of newly confirmed cases of @entity1907 at Port Moresby General Hospital during a one year period, starting @entity4456 st, 1977, were reviewed. Of 402 adult @entity1 who were commenced on anti- @entity378 drugs during this period 101 had bacteriologically confirmed @entity1907 . A history of chronic productive cough was the most common clinical finding. Extrapulmonary involvement was found in one third of the @entity1 . Family history of @entity378 was positive in 20%. There were 50 @entity1 with one or both @entity1315 involved, 20 with miliary, 9 with @entity1143 , 5 with generalized by non-miliary pattern, 5 with lower lobes, and one with @entity378 . No @entity6551 was found and the chest x-ray was normal in 2 @entity1 . The most common pattern was involvement of both @entity1315 (31 @entity1 ). One or more cavities were present in more that half of the @entity1 . In 13% of the @entity1 , roentgenographic findings were considered atypical for @entity1907 . Cases of lower lung field @entity378 were the most difficult to diagnose. Comparing the result of this study with that of similar series from countries with a low prevalence of @entity378 shows that there is a higher frequency of miliary pattern and a lower frequency of @entity6551 and @entity378 in papua New Guinea adults.

title: Clinical and roentgenographic manifestations of XXXX in adults in Papua New Guinea.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobes']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['primary tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'adult pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']