abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2806 -induced progression of brain, liver, and erythrocyte oxidative injuries might be modulated by @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug. The present study was conducted to explore whether two different doses of @entity9170 protect against plasma cytokine and brain, liver and erythrocyte oxidative @entity137 and apoptosis in @entity2806 -induced @entity35 . Forty-two @entity35 were equally divided into 7 groups. The first and second groups were used as untreated and sham controls, respectively. The third (DEX4) and fourth (DEX40) groups received 4mg/kg and 40mg/kg @entity9170 treatments. The fifth, sixth and seventh group were operated on to induce @entity2806 . The fifth, sixth and seventh groups are used to represent @entity2806 , @entity2806 +DEX4, and @entity2806 +DEX40, respectively. @entity9170 was intraperitoneally given to the @entity9170 groups at the 3rd, 24th and 48th hour. Brain and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation ( @entity1865 ) levels and plasma @entity3426 and @entity1505 levels were high in the @entity2806 group although they were low in the DEX4 and DEX40 groups. Decreased @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity6172 -Px) and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) values in the brain and erythrocyte of the @entity2806 group were increased by the @entity9170 treatments, although PARP, and the @entity18629 expressions in the brain were further decreased. Conversely, the @entity2806 -induced decrease in the liver @entity904 , @entity270 , @entity6172 , and @entity6172 -Px were further decreased by the @entity9170 treatments, although @entity1865 level, PARP, and @entity18629 expressions were further increased by the @entity9170 treatments. In conclusion, @entity9170 induced protective effects against @entity2806 -induced brain and erythrocyte oxidative injuries through regulation of the antioxidant level and cytokine production. However, both doses of @entity9170 induced oxidative @entity137 and apoptotic effects in the @entity35 ' livers.

title: Different doses of XXXX reduce plasma cytokine production, brain oxidative injury, PARP and caspase expression levels but increase liver oxidative @entity137 in @entity2806 -induced @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'Cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 165 Background: The 2012 ASCO provisional clinical opinion addressed the integration of palliative care into standard oncology practice at the time a @entity1 is diagnosed with metastatic or advanced @entity5 . The inclusion of Palliative Care among the National Quality Forum (NQF) framework represented a major advance in palliative care. NQF metrics include chemotherapy administered in the last 14 days of life, hospice less than 3 days before @entity204 , ICU or hospital admission, more than one Emergency Room visit in the last 30 days, and @entity204 in hospital. Although the use of hospice and other palliative care services has increased, many are enrolled in hospice less than 3 weeks before @entity204 . By improving quality of life, cost, and survival in @entity1 with @entity5 , palliative care has increasing relevance for the care of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: Retrospective chart review study of @entity2 @entity1 diagnosed at VA from 2010-2013. INCLUSION CRITERIA: > 18 years of age with new diagnosis of @entity2 . EXCLUSION CRITERIA: < 18 years of age, @entity5 . RESULTS: Total of 125 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 . The mean time from diagnosis to @entity204 was only 185 days (6.1 months). The VA NYHHS @entity1 were more likely to visit the ED, be admitted to the hospital and ICU in the last 30 days of life, and subsequently die in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Several confounders were identified, including climate related closure of facilities (2012 Sandy storm), lack of social support, low ICU admission criteria, burial benefits for @entity1 dying in a VA, and delay in transition to Hospice. Currently 392 @entity1 with stage IV solid tumors diagnosed 2010-2014 are being studied. [Table: see text].

title: Integration of palliative care services into standard oncology practice at diagnosis of XXXX at VA New York Harbor Healthcare System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage I-III lung cancer', 'cancer', 'Stage IV lung cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['metastatic lung cancer']


abstract: @entity21750 ( @entity12472 ) and @entity9159 (maneb, metiram, and ziram) are used as pesticides on a variety of crops around the world. To our knowledge, there have been no studies dealing with the effects of these compounds on @entity1 natural killer (NK) cells cytotoxic function. NK cells play a central role in immune defense against @entity5 development and @entity1800 . Thus, any agent that interferes with the ability of NK cells to lyse their targets could increase the risk of @entity5 . In this study, we examined the effects of @entity12472 , maneb, metiram, zineb, and ziram on the ability of @entity1 NK cells to lyse @entity5 cells. The compounds were tested in both purified NK cells as well as a cell preparation that contained both T and NK lymphocytes (T/NK cells). Lymphocytes were exposed to the compounds for periods of time ranging from 1 h to 6 days. Exposure of highly purified NK cells to 10 microM @entity12472 , maneb, or metiram inhibited K562 @entity5 cell lysis by 63+/-25, 95+/-4, and 50+/-6%, respectively, after a 24 h exposure and by 83+/-21, 70+/-39, and 48+/-41% after a 6-day exposure. Exposure to 2.5 microM ziram for 24 h caused a 99+/-2% decrease in lytic function and at 1 microM for 6 days caused a 96+/-4% decrease. However, when T/NK cells were exposed to @entity12472 , maneb, or metiram for 24 h only 10 microM @entity12472 and maneb caused a significant decreases in lytic function (61+/-13 and 38+/-18%) and after 6 days only @entity12472 was inhibitory (54+/-12%). A 24-h exposure to 2.5-microM ziram caused a 41+/-51% decrease in function, but a 6-day exposure to 1 microM ziram caused no inhibition of lytic function. The results provide evidence of relative toxic potential for the five compounds and the immunomodulatory effects on both T and NK lymphocyte function.

title: Immunomodulation of @entity1 natural killer cell cytotoxic function by XXXX and carbamate pesticides.

entities_list: @entity21750 :: ('CHEBI:38056', 'Chemical') :: ['Triazine']

entities_list: @entity9159 :: ('MESH:D002219', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor incidence and/or viral infections', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

answer: @entity21750 :: (CHEBI:38056,Chemical) :: ['triazine']


abstract: During @entity4806 or adulthood, male hamster siblings were divided into control and experimental groups and exposed to periods of either mild or traumatic stress outside their individual nests. Mild stress is the simple exposure to a novel environment while the traumatic stressor is repeated daily subjugation by a dominant hamster. Over @entity4806 and adulthood, animals had free access to @entity167 . The behavior and neuroendocrinology were assessed over these developmental periods in response to these environmental conditions. As adults, animals with a history of traumatic stress in @entity4806 showed inappropriate and excessive @entity146 . Their @entity146 was context dependent. In the presence of equal size hamsters, they showed @entity146 ; however, they were excessively aggressive toward smaller, younger animals. @entity251 levels and reproductive behavior were normal after adolescent subjugation; however, release of @entity701 during agonistic encounters was suppressed. In comparison, hamsters exposed to chronic social subjugation as adults had low plasma @entity251 , reduced reproductive behavior, and exaggerated @entity701 release during agonistic encounters. Self-ingestion of @entity167 during @entity4806 enhanced @entity251 release around the peripubertal period but reduced plasma @entity251 levels in adulthood. Exposure to @entity167 as adolescents enhanced @entity146 in adulthood. These data demonstrate a pronounced difference in behavior and neuroendocrinology between adolescent and adult hamsters in their response to traumatic stress.

title: Using an animal model to assess the long-term behavioral and biological consequences of adolescent abuse and exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive behavior', 'little aggression']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['adolescence']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity63047 (TIQs) are endogenous alkaloid compounds detected in urine, central nervous system and some peripheral tissues in @entity1 . No data are at present available on TIQ levels in skin, although in vitro biochemical evidences indicate that they may undergo auto-oxidation with production of reactive @entity26 species or may be enzymatically converted into melanin pigments. The effect of two @entity6153 -bearing TIQs, @entity62687 ( @entity2697 ) and @entity17057 ( @entity7312 ), on the viability of melanotic or @entity5701 cell lines was investigated. Both @entity2697 and @entity7312 were well tolerated up to roughly 30 microM and became overtly toxic at higher concentrations, with @entity2697 being better tolerated than @entity7312 . Intracellular activity of some antioxidant enzymes, @entity11442 and @entity15706 dehydrogenase was also evaluated to assess the cell response to oxidative and metabolic challenge of TIQs treatment. @entity2196 and @entity224 dismutase pre-treatment only partially prevented @entity137 while a complete protection was obtained with @entity898 and @entity2197 . TIQs were able to provoke upregulation of the scavenging enzymes @entity2196 and @entity5878 and to determine a decrease of the @entity15706 dehydrogenase activity. @entity2697 and @entity7312 enhanced @entity11442 activity and melanin production, suggesting that they were indeed @entity11442 substrates leading to melanin formation. The results support the evidence that TIQs were toxic toward @entity320 cells, leading to their @entity204 by @entity39 . @entity137 was likely due to increased oxidative stress by generation of reactive @entity26 species and oxidative metabolites. Our study represents an intent to furnish an additional contribution for the comprehension of @entity6153 @entity137 .

title: XXXX of dopamine-derived @entity63047 on @entity320 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalia']

entities_list: @entity62687 :: ('MESH:C036617', 'Chemical') :: ['salsolinol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TIQs toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-ketoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity2196 :: ('847', 'Gene') :: ['catalase', 'Catalase']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity63047 :: ('MESH:D044005', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrahydroisoquinolines']

entities_list: @entity17057 :: ('MESH:D013765', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydropapaveroline']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity15 is one of the major diseases and the progressive @entity75 formation often leads to @entity73 and @entity717 . A quick and perfect method for estimating the number and size of @entity75 in the brain is very important in estimating the progress of the disease and effectiveness of treatments. But, the accurate identification, characterization and quantification of @entity75 in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extremely difficult due to the frequent change in location, size, morphology variation, intensity similarity with normal brain tissues, and inter-subject anatomical variation of brain images. METHODS: This paper presents a method where adaptive background generation and binarization using global threshold are the key steps for @entity75 detection and segmentation. After performing three phase level set, we add third phase segmented region with contour of brain to connect the normal tissues near the boundary. Then remove all lesions except maximum connected area and corpus callosum of the brain to generate adaptive background. The binarization method is used to select threshold based on entropy and standard deviation preceded by non-gamut image enhancement. The background image is then subtracted from binarized image to find out segmented @entity75 . RESULTS: The step of subtraction of background from binarized image does not generate spurious lesions. Binarization steps correctly identify the @entity75 and reduce over or under segmentation. The average Kappa index is 94.88%, Jacard index is 90.43%, correct detection ration is 92.60284%, false detection ratio is 2.55% and relative area error is 5.97% for proposed method. Existing recent methods does not have such accuracy and low value of error rate both mathematically as well as visually due to many spurious lesions generation and over segmentation problems. CONCLUSIONS: Proposed method accurately identifies the size and number of lesions as well as location of lesions detection as a radiologist performs. The adaptability of the proposed method creates a number of potential opportunities for use in clinical practice for the detection of @entity75 in MRI. Proposed method gives an improved accuracy and @entity258 compare to existing recent methods.

title: An effective method for computerized prediction and segmentation of XXXX in brain MRI.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['MS lesions', 'MS lesion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low error']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis lesions']


abstract: Recent studies have reported differences in the receptor mechanisms and intrinsic efficacies of @entity4521 and its metabolites @entity41371 and @entity1286 in rodents. The present study examined the generality of these findings to @entity2608 using two behavioral procedures. In an assay of schedule-controlled behavior, response rates were recorded under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food presentation. In an assay of thermal nociception, tail-withdrawal latencies were measured from warm water (42-58 degrees C). @entity4521 , @entity41371 and @entity1286 produced dose-dependent rate-decreasing and antinociceptive effects. Antagonism studies were conducted with the competitive mu-selective antagonist @entity8538 , the competitive delta-selective antagonist @entity5172 , and the irreversible mu-selective antagonist @entity5541 ( @entity5541 ). @entity8538 dose-dependently antagonized the effects of all three opioids. @entity8538 pA2 values were similar across drugs and assays (7.4-7.8) and similar to @entity8538 pA2 values for antagonism of other mu agonists. In contrast, @entity5172 did not alter the effects of any of the opioids. @entity5541 antagonized the rate-decreasing and antinociceptive effects of @entity4521 and @entity1286 . Dose-effect data for @entity4521 - and @entity1286 -induced antinociception alone and after @entity5541 treatment were used to estimate in vivo apparent efficacy values (tau). Tau values (95% confidence limits) were 8.1 (6.9-9.6) for @entity4521 and 2.6 (2.5-2.9) for @entity1286 , but this difference is relatively small. These results suggest that the rate-decreasing and antinociceptive effects of @entity4521 , @entity41371 and @entity1286 are mediated by pharmacologically similar populations of mu opioid receptors in @entity2608 . The in vivo apparent efficacy of @entity4521 at mu receptors was similar to or only slightly greater than that of @entity1286 .

title: Effects of @entity4521 and its metabolites on schedule-controlled responding and thermal nociception in @entity2608 : sensitivity to antagonism by XXXX , @entity5172 and @entity5541 .

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['Heroin', 'heroin']

entities_list: @entity8538 :: ('MESH:C035969', 'Chemical') :: ['Quadazocine', 'quadazocine']

entities_list: @entity5541 :: ('MESH:C024524', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-funaltrexamine', 'beta-FNA']

entities_list: @entity5172 :: ('MESH:C055382', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrindole']

entities_list: @entity41371 :: ('MESH:C026979', 'Chemical') :: ['6-acetylmorphine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity8538 :: (MESH:C035969,Chemical) :: ['quadazocine']


abstract: AIM: To determine the level of correct knowledge about @entity2194 and attitudes towards @entity1939 prevention and treatment, and how these factors influence self care practices in a population based sample. METHODS: A cluster random sample of the Victorian population was interviewed. The study population comprised residents aged 40 years of age or older living in five randomly selected Melbourne metropolitan suburbs and four randomly selected rural areas of Victoria. Questions were asked to ascertain each @entity1 's knowledge of common age related @entity2194 --that is, @entity231 , @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), and @entity726 . A subsample of the population was also asked questions to determine their attitudes to @entity1939 prevention and treatment. All respondents were asked the year of their last visit to an eye practitioner. RESULTS: A total of 3184 (89%) eligible residents were assessed. Sex (females), age (younger @entity1 ), higher levels of education (secondary, trade, or tertiary education), recent visit to an eye practitioner (within the past 2 years) and English spoken at home appeared to be significant predictors of knowledge of common age related eye conditions. Younger @entity1 believed @entity1939 prevention and @entity1939 treatment were the highest priorities compared with other diseases; @entity1 who spoke English at home and @entity1 with knowledge of common age related @entity2194 also considered @entity1939 treatment to be the highest priority compared with other diseases. @entity1 with a previous diagnosis of age related @entity2194 , older @entity1 , females, @entity1 with correct knowledge of common @entity2194 , and those who spoke English at home were significantly more likely to be under eye care. No interaction was found between knowledge and positive attitudes to self care practices. CONCLUSION: These data show that there is a large gap in the public's knowledge and understanding of @entity2194 that will need to be understood for eye health promotion activities.

title: Knowledge, attitudes, and self care practices associated with age related XXXX in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease', 'common eye disease', 'eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['age related macular degeneration', 'AMD']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['eye disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Painful peripheral electrical stimulation to acupuncture points was found to cause sensitization if delivered randomly (EStim), but induced @entity734 if triggered by @entity1353 (BreEStim). The objective was to systematically compare the effectiveness of BreEStim and EStim and to investigate the possible mechanisms mediating the @entity734 effect of BreEStim. METHODS: Eleven @entity158 -free, healthy subjects (6 males, 5 females) participated in the study. Each subject received the BreEStim and EStim treatments in a random order at least three days apart. Both treatments consisted of 120 painful but tolerable stimuli to the ulnar nerve at the elbow on the dominant arm. BreEStim was triggered by @entity1353 while EStim was delivered randomly. Electrical sensation threshold (EST) and @entity158 threshold (EPT) were measured from the thenar and hypothenar eminences on both hands at pre-intervention and 10-minutes post-intervention. RESULTS: There was no difference in the pre-intervention baseline measurement of EST and EPT between BreEStim and EStim. BreEStim increased EPT in all tested sites on both hands, while EStim increased EPT in the dominant hypothenar eminence distal to the stimulating site and had no effect on EPT in other sites. There was no difference in the intensity of electrical stimulation between EStim and BreEStim. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the important role @entity1 @entity1353 plays in the systemic @entity734 effect of BreEStim to peripheral painful electrical stimulation.

title: XXXX to experimentally induced @entity158 during voluntary-breathing controlled electrical stimulation (BreEStim).

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['habituation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['electrical pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary breathing']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['Habituation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5427 is a systemic inflammatory disease of the @entity3231 family. Polymorphisms at loci including @entity1530 , @entity14283 and @entity8460 directly implicate immune mechanisms in @entity5427 pathogenesis. Previously, in an @entity3231 model, we identified @entity1530 -mediated effects on dendritic cells that promoted disease-associated Th17 cells. Here we extend these studies to @entity5427 @entity1 using deep immunophenotyping of candidate pathogenic cell populations. The aim of our study was to functionally characterize the immune populations mediating @entity5427 pathology. METHODS: Using 11-parameter flow cytometry, we characterized the phenotype and functions of lymphocyte and myeloid cells from peripheral blood, and the synovial phenotype of @entity5427 @entity1 and age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Significantly fewer circulating @entity4897 -expressing dendritic cells were observed in @entity5427 @entity1 , offset by an increase in @entity5750 (-) @entity4071 (+) mononuclear cells. Ex vivo functional analysis revealed that this latter population induced @entity14284 expression and promoted secretion of @entity1356 and @entity650 when co-cultured with naive @entity404 (+) T cells. Additionally, systemic @entity32 in @entity5427 @entity1 significantly correlated with increased proportions of activated @entity26245 (+) @entity404 (+) T cells. CONCLUSION: @entity5750 (-) @entity4071 (+) mononuclear cells may contribute to @entity5427 by promoting Th17 responses, and antigen-presenting cells of mucosal origin are likely to contribute to systemic @entity32 in @entity5427 .

title: Ankylosing spondylitis @entity1 display altered dendritic cell and T cell populations that implicate pathogenic roles for the IL-23 cytokine axis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['intestinal inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the blood pressure (BP) control rate and related factors in different parts of China. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was performed between March and May 2011 in 132 tertiary or secondary hospitals from 31 cities across China. Five consecutive @entity101 @entity1 consulted to individual physician in these hospitals were included and a total of 4 110 @entity1 aged >=  18 years were included, and 3 682 @entity1 finished the follow-up protocol. All objects underwent questionnaire survey and physical examination. Cities were divided into 3 categories. RESULTS: Among included @entity101 outpatients, the prevalence of @entity301 was the highest (37.4%, 1 368/3 662) comorbidity. The most commonly used antihypertensive medication was @entity460 channel blocker (51.3%, 1 861/3 628). Blood control rate was the highest in city category II(37.0%) and the lowest in city category I (9.1%). Accordingly, body mass index (BMI, (25.7    0.6) kg/m(2)) and waist circumference ( (90.6    3.1 ) cm) were the largest and the prevalence of @entity301 (60.8%) and @entity64 (19.0%) were the highest in @entity101 outpatients from city categoryI. CONCLUSION: Blood pressure control rate varies among various cities in China. High BMI and co-morbidities of @entity301 and @entity64 are related to poor blood pressure control rate.

title: [Cluster analysis on the blood pressure control rate and related factors of XXXX outpatients in China].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The ventilatory mechanics of freely moving @entity16810 were studied by cinefluorescopy and electromyography. The @entity14705 serve only to flush the internal nares in olfaction. Ventilations are coincident with @entity1661 . The larynx ordinarily lies adpressed to the internal nares so that the posterior buccal chamber is excluded from the path of air flow during ventilation and does not contribute to respiratory dead space. The pulmonary pressures may be variably polyphasic and the tracheal flows diphasic. Exhalation involves an anterior shift of the liver by action of the transverse abdominal muscles, while inhalation proceeds due to contraction of the diaphragmatic @entity121 the liver caudad. The various costal muscles facilitate air flow by shifting the position of the ribs. They also play a role in fixation of the flexible rib cage so that it resists the aspirating and compressing actions of the hepatic piston. The pattern of muscular activity shifts as the trunk is immersed; expiration becomes passive and inspiration requires increased muscular effort. The ribs, instead of changing position with each breath are comparatively fixed by the costal muscles, while changes in the volume of the @entity1143 are caused almost exclusively by movements of the hepatic piston.

title: Studies on ventilation of XXXX (Crocodilia: Reptilia).

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity16810 :: ('8499', 'Species') :: ['Caiman crocodilus']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['buccal oscillations']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal oscillations']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pulling']

answer: @entity16810 :: (8499,Species) :: ['Caiman crocodilus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity41 ( @entity41 ) assessment provides a powerful prognostic factor for therapeutic stratification in @entity981 ( @entity981 ). @entity450 ( @entity450 ) has the potential for a rapid and sensitive identification of high risk @entity1 . Our group has previously published that @entity41 levels analyzed by clone specific Ig/TcR-QPCR and @entity450 were concordant at a sensitivity of 10(-4) . Here we report the @entity450 methodological aspects from this multi-center experience. METHODS: @entity41 was assessed by @entity450 in 1030 follow-up samples from 265 pediatric and adult @entity1 with de novo @entity981 treated in the FRALLE, EORTC, or GRALL clinical trials. @entity41 assessment as applied by the eight participating @entity450 laboratories is described in detail regarding cell preparation, @entity1778 -associated immunophenotype (LAIP) markers and data analysis. Samples were obtained from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). Immunostaining was performed after erythrocyte lysis or Ficoll enrichment. RESULTS: This study confirms the applicability of @entity450 -based @entity41 assessment in 97% of @entity1 with @entity981 at the 10(-4) cut-off. @entity41 values after Ficoll enrichment and erythrocyte lysis were found comparable. Higher @entity41 values were obtained in BM than in PB, especially for B-lineage @entity981 . CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of @entity41 by @entity450 at the 10(-4) cut-off is applicable within a few hours for almost all @entity1 and using a comparable analytical strategy allows for multicenter collaborative studies. The method can be introduced in a strategy aimed at defining the risk of failure of @entity1 with childhood or @entity981 .    2014 International Clinical Cytometry Society.

title: Methodological aspects of minimal residual disease assessment by flow cytometry in XXXX : A french multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['adult ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'Minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['MFC', 'Multiparameter flow cytometry']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Radiotherapy (RT) is effective in preventing @entity2736 ( @entity2736 ) around acetabular fractures requiring surgical reconstruction. We audited outcomes and estimated risks from RT prophylaxis, and alternatives of @entity3352 or no prophylaxis. METHODS: 34 @entity1 underwent reconstruction of acetabular fractures through a posterior approach, followed by a 8-Gy single fraction. The mean age was 44 years. The mean time from surgery to RT was 1.1 days. The major RT risk is radiation-induced fatal @entity5 . The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) method was used to estimate risk, and compared with a method (Trott and Kemprad) specifically for estimating RT risk for benign disease. These were compared with risks associated with @entity3352 and no prophylaxis. RESULTS: 28 @entity1 (82%) developed no @entity2736 ; 6 developed Brooker Class I; and none developed Class II-IV @entity2736 . The ICRP method suggests a risk of fatal @entity5 in the range of 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10,000; the Trott and Kemprad method suggests 1 in 3000. For younger @entity1 , this may rise to 1 in 2000; and for elderly @entity1 , it may fall to 1 in 6000. The risk of @entity204 from @entity356 or perforation from @entity3352 is 1 in 180 to 1 in 900 in older @entity1 . Without prophylaxis risk of @entity204 from reoperation to remove @entity2736 is 1 in 4000 to 1 in 30,000. CONCLUSION: These results are encouraging, consistent with much larger series and endorse our multidisciplinary management. Risk estimates can be used in discussion with @entity1 . ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: The risk from RT prophylaxis is small, it is safer than @entity3352 and substantially overlaps with the range for no prophylaxis.

title: Prophylactic radiotherapy against XXXX following internal fixation of acetabular fractures: a comparative estimate of risk.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['HO', 'heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indometacin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bleeding']

answer: @entity2736 :: (MESH:D009999,Disease) :: ['heterotopic ossification']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this systematic review was to identify, assess and summarize studies about potentially @entity734 ( @entity734 ) in @entity73 and @entity303 and to present findings about whether @entity73 and @entity303 are associated with @entity734 . The search was made in Medline/PubMed using free terms in the title or abstract. The inclusion criteria were: English language, published until 1 March 2014, original quantitative study and assessment of overall @entity734 with a consensus based summarized measure. Exclusion criteria were: focus on specific @entity1 group (other than @entity73 or @entity303 ), focus on specific drug class and failure to present a prevalence measure of @entity734 or an effect estimate (i.e. odds ratio). Of the initial 182 studies found in Medline, 22 articles fulfilled the criteria. Most studies used the Beers criteria for assessment of @entity734 . Prevalence of @entity734 among individuals with @entity73 or @entity303 ranged from 10.2% to 56.4% and was higher in nursing home settings than in community-dwelling samples. Most studies reported a lower likelihood of @entity734 in case of @entity73 or @entity303 . To conclude, @entity734 is highly prevalent among @entity1 with @entity73 and @entity303 , although these conditions seem to be associated with a lower probability of @entity734 . This might reflect an awareness among clinicians of cautious prescribing to this vulnerable group of @entity1 . More studies on large cohorts of @entity1 with @entity73 and @entity303 are needed to draw conclusions about optimal drug prescribing to this frail group of older @entity1 .

title: Inappropriate Drug use in XXXX with @entity73 and @entity303 : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate drug use', 'IDU']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 bone @entity3 is distinguished by the predominance of @entity75 . This phenotype has been difficult to reproduce in animal models. Here, we describe a model utilizing the @entity1 @entity1 @entity263 cell line that generates @entity690 and a prominent spiculated periosteal osteoblastic response following intraosseous injection in scid @entity19 . METHODS: We injected @entity1 -luciferase @entity263 cells directly into the tibiae of C.B-17 scid @entity19 . We analyzed @entity5 growth and pathology every 2 weeks using radiographic and histologic techniques. RESULTS: X-ray analysis revealed that 22Rv1 @entity5 elicit a mixed-type lesion including some @entity3061 and a robust induction of periosteal bone formation, in contrast to PC3M-luciferase intraosseous @entity5 which induce only extensive @entity3061 . Micro-computerized tomographic imaging shows that 22Rv1 @entity5 exhibit both osteolytic and osteoblastic features which become apparent between 4 and 6 weeks post injection. There is initial disruption of the cortex and corresponding invasion of the periosteum which is associated with a vigorous osteoblastic response. Histological analysis of late stage @entity5 shows that the @entity5 has grown outside of the medullary cavity and surrounds the tibia underneath the periosteum and intermixed with spicules of woven bone which is detected in the radiographic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The overall pattern of this model is suggestive of clinical cases of @entity263 @entity3 in which periosteal responses are noted, often in association with rapidly progressive disease. We expect that intraosseous injection of @entity1 cells will provide a new experimental model for the study of osteoblastic @entity263 @entity3 .

title: Spiculated periosteal response induced by intraosseous injection of @entity1 @entity263 cells resembles subset of bone metastases in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: to assess costs and safety of @entity2690 @entity8907 devices and safety needles as compared to vial/syringes in hospitalized @entity1 requiring @entity2690 therapy in a General Hospital in Northern Italy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: in a prospective 9-month study, consecutive @entity1 admitted to three Hospital Units received @entity2690 therapy through either a traditional disposable syringe method, or @entity8907 /safety needles with dual-ended protection, or disposable safety syringes. We compared the median direct ( @entity2690 and devices) and indirect ( @entity2690 supply at discharge, @entity2690 wastage) costs of a 10-day in-hospital @entity2690 treatment in the 3 study groups, additionally accounting for the costs related to the observed @entity2949 rate. @entity1 ' safety during in-hospital stay (hypo- and @entity4854 episodes) and satisfaction were also assessed. RESULTS: N=360 @entity1 (55% @entity1 , mean age 75.6 years, 57% with @entity3918 since >= 10 years) were recruited in the study. @entity2690 pens had higher median direct cost than both traditional syringes (43 vs. 18    / @entity1 , p<.0001) and safety syringes (21.5    / @entity1 , p<.0001). However, when also indirect and injuries costs were taken into account, the estimated savings for using pens over traditional syringes were as high as 32    / @entity1 (45.8 vs. 77.6    / @entity1 , p-value <.0001). No differences in @entity1 ' safety were observed. 74% and 12% of @entity1 using pens and syringes would like to continue the method at home, respectively (p<0.0001). DISCUSSION: a selective use of individual pre-filled pens/safety needles for @entity1 who are likely to continue @entity2690 therapy at home may strongly reduce hospital @entity6 treatment related costs.

title: A Prospective Study for Introducing XXXX Pens and Safety Needles in a Hospital Setting. The SANITHY Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2949 :: ('MESH:D016602', 'Disease') :: ['needlestick injury']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: Reported data sets on infection of volunteers challenged with wild-type @entity11317 at graded doses are few. Alternatively, we aimed at developing a dose-response assessment for this virus based on the data sets for its live attenuated reassortants. Eleven data sets for live attenuated reassortants that were fit to beta-Poisson and exponential dose-response models. Dose-response relationships for those reassortants were characterized by pooling analysis of the data sets with respect to virus subtype (H1N1 or H3N2), attenuation method (cold-adapted or avian- @entity1 gene reassortment), and @entity1 age (adults or @entity1 ). Furthermore, by comparing the above data sets to a limited number of reported data sets for wild-type virus, we quantified the degree of attenuation of wild-type virus with gene reassortment and estimated its infectivity. As a result, dose-response relationships of all reassortants were best described by a beta-Poisson model. Virus subtype and @entity1 age were significant factors determining the dose-response relationship, whereas attenuation method affected only the relationship of H1N1 virus infection to adults. The data sets for @entity778 could be pooled with those for its reassortants on the assumption that the gene reassortment attenuates wild-type virus by at least 63 times and most likely 1,070 times. Considering this most likely degree of attenuation, 10% infectious dose of @entity778 for adults was estimated at 18 TCID50 (95% CI = 8.8-35 TCID50). The infectivity of wild-type H1N1 virus remains unknown as the data set pooling was unsuccessful.

title: Dose-response assessment for XXXX based on data sets of infection with its live attenuated reassortants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'children']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['H3N2 wild-type virus']

entities_list: @entity11317 :: ('11320', 'Species') :: ['influenza A virus']

answer: @entity11317 :: (11320,Species) :: ['influenza A virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ascent to high altitude leads to a reduction in ambient pressure and a subsequent fall in available @entity26 . The resulting @entity519 can lead to @entity358 (PA) pressure, capillary stress, and an increase in interstitial fluid. This fluid can be assessed on lung ultrasound (LUS) by the presence of B-lines. We undertook a chamber and field study to assess the impact of high-intensity exercise in @entity519 on the development of @entity3126 in healthy lowlanders. METHODS: Thirteen volunteers completed a high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) test at sea level, in acute normobaric @entity519 (12% O2, approximately 4090 m equivalent altitude), and in hypobaric @entity519 during a field study at 4090 m after 6 days of acclimatization. Pulmonary @entity4 was assessed by the evaluation of LUS B-lines. RESULTS: After HIIE, no increase in B-lines was seen in normoxia, and a small increase was seen in acute normobaric @entity519 (2    2; P < .05). During the field study at 4090 m, 12 @entity1 (92%) demonstrated 7    4 B-lines at rest, which increased to 17    5 immediately after the exercise test (P < .001). An increase was evident in all @entity1 . There was a reciprocal fall in peripheral arterial @entity26 saturations (Spo2) after exercise from 88%    4% to 80%    8% (P < .01). B-lines and Spo2 in all @entity1 returned to baseline levels within 4 hours. CONCLUSIONS: HIIE led to an increase in B-lines at altitude after subacute exposure but not during acute exposure at equivalent simulated altitude. This may indicate @entity3126 .

title: High-intensity intermittent exercise increases XXXX at altitude but not at simulated altitude.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['elevated pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['pulmonary interstitial edema']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity52969 (DTG) 50 mg once daily was superior to @entity5193 / @entity486 (DRV/r) 800 mg/100 mg once daily through Week 48, with 90% vs. 83% of @entity1 achieving @entity645 RNA 50 c/mL (p=0.025) [1]. We present data through Week 96. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity19929 is a multicentre, randomized, open-label, Phase IIIb non-inferiority study, in which @entity2858 -positive ART-na  ve adults with @entity2858 RNA>= 1000 c/mL and no evidence of viral resistance were randomized 1:1 to receive DTG or DRV/r, with investigator-selected backbone NRTIs ( @entity12046 /FTC or ABC/ @entity16332 ). @entity1 were stratified by screening @entity2858 RNA ( <=100K c/mL) and NRTI backbone. RESULTS: A total of 484 adults were randomized and treated; 25% had baseline @entity645 RNA 100K c/mL. At Week 96, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity645 RNA 50 c/mL was 80% in the DTG arm vs. 68% in the DRV/r arm (adjusted difference 12.4%; 95% CI 4.7, 20.2%; p=0.002). Secondary analyses supported primary results: per-protocol [(DTG 83% vs. DRV/r 70%), 95% CI 12.9 (5.3, 20.6)] and treatment-related discontinuation = failure [(98% vs. 95%), 95% CI 3.2 (-0.3, 6.7)]. Overall virologic non-response (DTG 8%; DRV/r 12%) and non-response due to other reasons (DTG 12%; DRV/r 21%) occurred less frequently on DTG. As at Week 48, the difference between arms was most pronounced in @entity1 with high baseline viral load (82% vs. 52% response through Week 96) and in the TDF/FTC stratum (79% vs. 64%); consistent responses were seen in the ABC/3TC stratum (82% vs. 75%). Six @entity1 (DTG 2, none post-Week 48; DRV/r 4, two post-Week 48) experienced protocol-defined virologic failure (PDVF; confirmed viral load 200 c/mL on or after Week 24); none had treatment-emergent resistance to study drugs. Most frequent drug-related adverse events (AEs) were @entity294 , @entity390 and @entity10 , with @entity294 significantly more common on DRV/r (24%) than DTG (10%). Significantly more @entity1 had Grade 2 fasting LDL @entity137 on DRV/r (22%) vs. DTG (7%), p<0.001; mean changes in @entity1011 for DTG (~0.18 mg/dL) observed at Week 2 were stable through Week 96. CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily DTG was superior to once-daily DRV/r in treatment-na  ve @entity2858 -positive individuals, with no evidence of emergent resistance to DTG in virologic failure and relatively similar safety profiles for DTG and DRV/r through 96 Weeks.

title: Once-daily @entity52969 is superior to once-daily @entity5193 / XXXX in treatment-na  ve @entity2858 -positive individuals: 96 week results from @entity19929 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity52969 :: ('MESH:C562325', 'Chemical') :: ['Dolutegravir']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity5193 :: ('MESH:C482292', 'Chemical') :: ['darunavir']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

answer: @entity486 :: (MESH:D019438,Chemical) :: ['ritonavir']


abstract: During the haploidization process, it is expected that diploid chromosomes of somatic cells will be reduced to haploid for the generation of artificial gametes. In the present study, we aimed to use enucleated @entity19 oocytes at the germinal vesicle-stage (G2/M) as recipients for somatic cells that are also synchronized to the G2/M stage for haploidization. The reconstructed oocytes were then induced to undergo meiosis in vitro and observed for their nuclear morphology and microtubule network formation at various expected stages of the meiotic division. Following in vitro maturation, more than half (62/119, 52.1%) of the reconstructed oocytes completed the first round of meiosis-like division, as evidenced by the extrusion of pseudopolar bodies (PBs). However, accelerated PB extrusion, approximately 3-4 h earlier than that by control oocytes occurred. Furthermore, abnormally large pseudo-PBs, as large as four times the normal PB sizes, were observed. During the process of in vitro maturation at both the expected stages of @entity196 ( @entity196 ) and metaphase II (MII), condensed chromosomes were observed in 38.7% and 55.2% of oocytes, respectively. However, two other types of nuclear configurations were also observed: 1) uneven distribution of chromatin and 2) an interphase-like nucleus, indicating @entity17819 . Following oocyte activation, more than half (21/33, 63.6%) of the reconstructed oocytes with pseudo-PBs formed separated pseudopronuclei (PN), suggesting formation of functional spindles. The formation of bipolar spindle-like microtubule network at both the expected @entity196 and MII stages during in vitro maturation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In summary, this study demonstrated that a high proportion of G2/M somatic nuclei appear to undergo meiosis-like division, in two successive steps, forming a pseudo-PB and two separate pseudo-PN upon in vitro maturation and activation treatment. Moreover, the enucleated geminal vesicle cytoplast retained its capacity for meiotic division following the introduction of a somatic G2/M nucleus.

title: Nuclear and microtubule dynamics of G2/M somatic nuclei during haploidization in germinal vesicle-stage XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['metaphase I', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity17819 :: ('MESH:C565384', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in chromosome condensation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) system likely mediates @entity1 embryo-maternal communication. In @entity291 , we have reported that the uterine fluid of heifers carrying early embryos shows downregulated @entity7020 ( @entity7020 ), which could lead to reduced NFkB expression and dampening of maternal innate immune responses. In this work, we assessed the expression of @entity7020 ( @entity7020 ) and its receptor, @entity64230 ( @entity64230 ) in the @entity291 endometrium and embryos by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot at the time of blastocyst development. Day 8 endometrium, both collected from animals after transfer of day 5 embryos (ET) and sham transferred (ST), showed @entity7020 and @entity64230 mRNA transcription and protein co-localization. Similarly, day 8 blastocyst, from ET animals and entirely produced in vitro, showed @entity64230 mRNA transcription and @entity7020 and @entity64230 protein co-localization. @entity7020 mRNA was detected in the analyzed blastocysts, but at very low levels that precluded its quantification. @entity7020 and @entity64230 immunostaining was observed in luminal epithelial cells, glandular epithelium and stromal cells. The presence of embryos increased endometrial @entity7020 protein locally, while no differences regarding @entity64230 protein and @entity7020 and @entity64230 mRNA were detected. These results suggest that the early preimplantation @entity291 embryo in the maternal tract might interact with the maternal immune system through the @entity1192 system. Such a mechanism may allow the embryo to elicit local endometrial responses at early stages, which are required for the development of a receptive endometrium.

title: Expression and localization of interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 1 receptor (type I) in the XXXX endometrium and embryo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity64230 :: ('515640(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 1 receptor type I', 'IL1R1']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define the impact of intralesional @entity1855 injection therapy on @entity546 in @entity1 with @entity545 . METHODS: @entity1 underwent a total of 6 intralesional injections of @entity1855 . @entity546 was assessed at baseline and 3 months after the last intralesional injection of @entity1855 during penile erection after the administration of intracavernosal medication. Measurement was recorded using a goniometer at maximum @entity2003 . Endpoints included change in magnitude of curvature, stretched penile length, penetration ability, and resolution of @entity158 . RESULTS: Ninety-four consecutive @entity1 met all inclusion criteria. Mean (+/- standard deviation) @entity1 age and duration of @entity545 at time of baseline deformity assessment were 44 +/- 18 years and 5.2 +/- 2.7 months, respectively. At baseline 86% had dorsal and 14% lateral curvature. The mean curvature and stretched flaccid length were 50 degrees +/- 28 degrees and 12.6 +/- 3.1 cm, respectively. At the follow-up evaluation, @entity1 were 5.2 +/- 1.8 months after their last ILV injection and were 11.7 +/- 4.2 months after the onset of @entity545 . Eighteen percent of @entity1 had improvement of curvature, 60% were unchanged, and 22% worsened. @entity158 resolved in 100% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In response to intralesional @entity1855 , a minority of @entity1 experienced improvement in @entity546 ; however, the majority of @entity1 had stabilization of their deformity. This information may permit clinicians to give realistic expectations to @entity1 considering intralesional @entity1855 therapy.

title: Intralesional XXXX prevents the progression of @entity545 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['penile rigidity']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile deformity', 'Penile deformity']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: Scientists have identified the impact of angiogenesis on @entity5 growth and survival. Among other efficient drugs, several small-molecule @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the @entity319 ( @entity319 ) have been developed and have already been integrated into the treatment of various advanced @entity5 . This review provides a compilation of current knowledge on the pharmacokinetic aspects of all @entity319 -TKIs already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and of those still under investigation. Additional information on substance metabolism, potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and the need for dose adaptation in @entity1 with @entity8 has been included. All TKIs introduced in this review were administered orally, allowing for easy drug handling for healthcare professionals and @entity1 . For almost all substances, the maximum plasma concentrations were reached within a short period of time. The majority of the substances showed a high plasma protein binding and their excretion occurred via the feces and, to a lesser extent, via the urine. In most cases, dose adaptation in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity8 is not recommended. @entity5322 was found to play a crucial role in the drug metabolic processes of many compounds. In order to prevent unwanted DDIs, co-administration of @entity319 TKIs together with CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers should be avoided. Throughout all TKIs, the data indicate high inter-individual variability. The causes of this are still unclear and require further research to allow for individualization of treatment regimens.

title: Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor XXXX Kinase Inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal or hepatic impairment', 'predominant renal and/or hepatic impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor', 'VEGFR']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['Tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selenium is a trace element required for the functioning of immune system. @entity295 is a serious condition leading to morbidity and mortality among neonates worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the selenium and plasma @entity34406 ( @entity34406 ) levels, selenoenzyme activities, and alterations in oxidant/antioxidant status with immune biomarkers in neonates with clinical (n   =   27) and proven @entity295 (n   =   25). METHODS: Erythrocyte selenium levels with plasma @entity34406 ( @entity34406 ) levels; plasma lipid peroxidation (LP), protein oxidation and total antioxidant capacity and erythrocyte total glutathione (GSH) concentrations; erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx), @entity19877 ( @entity19877 ), @entity2196 (CAT) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured spectrophotometrically/spectrofluorometrically. Besides, plasma @entity55866 levels were determined. RESULTS: Erythrocyte selenium and @entity34406 levels were markedly lower both in clinical and proven @entity295 vs. CONTROL: Erythrocyte GPx activity was higher only in @entity922 group. @entity19877 activity was markedly lower in proven @entity295 . SOD activity and GSH levels were markedly higher both in @entity922 and proven @entity295 . CAT activity was significantly higher both in @entity922 and proven @entity295 . LP and protein oxidation levels were significantly higher in both of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that both Se-dependent and Se-independent blood redox systems were altered in @entity295 and we can suggest that @entity295 causes an imbalance between cellular antioxidant and oxidant state.

title: Oxidant and antioxidant status in neonatal proven and XXXX in relation to selenium status.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Neonatal sepsis', 'neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity34406 :: ('6414', 'Gene') :: ['selenoprotein P', 'SePP']

entities_list: @entity19877 :: ('25824', 'Gene') :: ['thioredoxin reductase', 'TrxR']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical sepsis']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['clinical sepsis']


abstract: The @entity3035 hormone @entity2493 is synthesized and released by photoreceptors during the night within the @entity1573 retina, and confers timing information to modulate retinal physiology. Three subtypes of @entity2493 receptor with nearly identical pharmacological profiles have been described in @entity1573 and are present in the retina. In this study, the spatial localization and temporal pattern of the mRNA for each of these receptors within the retina are described. The localization and rhythmicity of receptor mRNA were analyzed using in situ hybridization and RNase protection assay, respectively, with probes against specific @entity377 sequences encoding these receptors. @entity66680 and @entity66681 mRNA have similar patterns of expression, primarily in the inner segments of photoreceptors, vitread portion of the inner nuclear layer, and in the retinal ganglion cell layer. @entity66682 mRNA is expressed at higher levels in the retina, with expression in photoreceptors, throughout the inner nuclear layer, and in the ganglion cell layer. @entity66680 mRNA is rhythmic in both light:dark (LD) cycles and in constant darkness ( @entity336 ); @entity66680 peaks during midday and mid-subjective day, respectively. @entity66681 mRNA is also rhythmically expressed in LD, but with a lower amplitude, such that transcript is high during the day and low during the night. In @entity336 , @entity66681 rhythms become 180 deg out of phase with a slight increase at night. @entity66682 mRNA expression was highly variable and arrhythmic.

title: @entity2493 receptor mRNA localization and rhythmicity in the retina of the domestic XXXX , @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity3035 :: ('CHEBI:28626', 'Chemical') :: ['indoleamine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: The mortality rate following @entity397 of an @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) is 80-90% and the main goal of treatment is to prevent @entity397 . Treatment of the @entity439 is generally recommended for @entity1 with an @entity439 larger than 5 cm in diameter, and the only effective treatment has been to replace the @entity439 with a prosthetic graft. Traditionally, this is performed through a major laparotomy; that is, open surgical repair, which itself carries a mortality rate of 4-8% and requires a hospital stay of 7-10 days. In addition, some sick @entity1 are deemed a prohibitive risk for such major surgery and, therefore, treatment may be deferred. Endovascular grafts (EVGs) that enable treatment of @entity1 with @entity1028 without the need for laparotomy were developed in the hope of improving on the shortcomings of the standard repair technique. In addition to the various industry-made EVGs the authors have been using a surgeon-made @entity262 ( @entity262 ). The recent introduction of several industry-made devices has prompted some to postulate that @entity262 is no longer required. The 60 @entity1 with @entity1028 treated from 1 July 1997 to 30 June 1998 were evaluated for the inclusion criteria for industry-made EVG protocols. Those excluded from these protocols were evaluated for the @entity262 . Open surgical repair was reserved for those unsuitable for any EVG repair or those not consenting to EVG repair. Thirty-seven percent of all cases could be treated with an industry-made device. By using the @entity262 , an additional 43% of the cases could be treated endovascularly. In total, 80% of AAAs were able to be treated endovascularly. The reasons for excluding @entity1 from industry-made devices were a combination of the following factors: (1) Short (<1.5 cm) or angulated (>60) proximal necks, (2) iliac artery @entity439 , (3) small, diseased or tortuous access arteries, and (4) small distal aortas. The mean length of stay for those treated endovascularly was 2.3 days, whereas it was 9 days for those treated by open surgery. There was no difference in the morbidity and mortality rates. EVG repair is feasible and safe for the majority of @entity1 with AAAs; however, long-term durability is yet to be shown. Despite the availability of industry-made devices, there appears to be a continuing role for @entity262 , especially for difficult @entity439 including those @entity1 with complex anatomy and those with ruptured AAAs.

title: Standard and new treatments for XXXX : the value of the Montefiore endovascular grafts for difficult @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['MEGS', 'Montefiore Endovascular Grafting System']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Sleep is an essential biological process that is thought to have a critical role in metabolic regulation. In @entity1 , @entity25 has been associated with risk for @entity209 , including @entity1017 , @entity6 , @entity28 , and @entity65 . However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying effects of @entity25 is only in its nascent stages. In this study we used @entity35 and @entity1 models to simulate modern-day conditions of restricted sleep and addressed cross-species consequences via comprehensive metabolite profiling. Serum from sleep-restricted @entity35 was analyzed using polar and nonpolar methods in two independent datasets (n = 10 per study, 3,380 measured features, 407 identified). A total of 38 features were changed across independent experiments, with the majority classified as lipids (18 from 28 identified). In a parallel @entity1 study, 92 metabolites were identified as potentially significant, with the majority also classified as lipids (32 of 37 identified). Intriguingly, two metabolites, @entity11439 and @entity2366 36:3, were robustly and quantitatively reduced in both species following sleep restriction, and recovered to near baseline levels after sleep restriction (P < 0.05, false-discovery rate < 0.2). Elevated phospholipids were also noted after sleep restriction in both species, as well as metabolites associated with an oxidizing environment. In addition, polar metabolites reflective of neurotransmitters, @entity4571 , and gut metabolism were elevated in sleep-restricted @entity1 . These results are consistent with induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and disruptions of the circadian clock. The findings provide a potential link between known pathologies of @entity25 and @entity209 , and potential biomarkers for @entity25 .

title: @entity11439 and XXXX 36:3 are cross-species markers of @entity25 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity11439 :: ('MESH:D019815', 'Chemical') :: ['oxalic acid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['reduced sleep duration', 'sleep loss']

answer: @entity2366 :: (CHEBI:41847,Chemical) :: ['diacylglycerol']


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity1 , who was diagnosed as having @entity191 and @entity308 seven years ago and was on oral antiparkinsonian agents, antianxiety agents, and antidepressants, developed a high fever, disturbed consciousness, and marked @entity2003 after discontinuation of @entity40107 and @entity3659 . He was admitted to a nearby hospital. @entity1375 had been noted two months before admission. Marked @entity2003 and increased serum CK were observed. Since discontinuation of @entity1245 has been known to rarely trigger a @entity3326 ( @entity3326 ), he was diagnosed as having @entity3326 . After receiving @entity592 and @entity2847 , these symptoms temporarily improved but he again developed consciousness disturbance, and @entity410 seizures associated with an elevated serum CK. He was transferred to our hospital. On admission, the CK level was normal at 168 IU/l, while free T4 was 0.6 ng/dl (normal range, 0.9-2.3) and TSH was 108.7 mU/ml (normal range, 0.2-4.2) in serum, indicating the presence of @entity1375 . As an increase in thyroid hormone dosage improved the thyroid function to normal level, his disturbed consciousness and @entity2003 gradually improved. Convulsive @entity410 and recurrence of @entity3326 in a short interval are unusual in @entity3326 . In this @entity1 , @entity1375 may have contributed to the development of @entity5 through metabolic changes of the central dopaminergic system, and discontinuation of @entity40107 , a kind of @entity1245 , may have triggered @entity3326 , since there has not been reported that discontinuation of antidepressants including @entity3659 triggers @entity3326 .

title: [A @entity1 with @entity191 complicated by XXXX who developed @entity5 after discontinuation of @entity40107 ].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rigidity']

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'neuroleptic malignant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'seizure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: The immunohistochemical detection of the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins is used as a screening test with microsatellite instability for the detection of @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ). The authors describe a simple and cost-effective method using a pressure cooker and microwave oven for antigen retrieval and a modified method for applying a commercial @entity1885 blocking kit. @entity14 of 20 @entity1 of the @entity4309 spectrum were included in this study. Eighty paraffin sections were cut and submitted for immunohistochemical analysis using a routine protocol and a pressure cooker protocol. Parallel sections for @entity1885 blocking were also run, including the modified @entity1885 block for each protocol. The sections were incubated with the following antibodies: @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity4638 , and @entity14437 . All cases examined exhibited a normal expression of the MMR proteins in the nucleus and adjacent nonneoplastic tissue elements and consequently defined as having a normal expression of these proteins. Cases with @entity5 that exhibited a loss of the nuclear staining with the MMR proteins with a concurrent staining of the adjacent nonneoplastic cells were classified as abnormal MMR expression. The series of 20 cases using pressure cooker antigen retrieval produced superior results to the routine immunohistochemical protocol used previously in our laboratory. The modified @entity1885 block also gave consistent results. The reproducibility and consistency of this procedure has resulted it in being used routinely for suspected @entity4309 cases, both current and archival.

title: The immunohistochemical detection of mismatch repair gene proteins ( @entity6756 , XXXX , @entity4638 , and @entity14437 ): practical aspects in antigen retrieval and @entity1885 blocking protocols.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer', 'HNPCC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity4311 :: (4436,Gene) :: ['MSH2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the activity and @entity137 of low-dose weekly @entity1311 in @entity1 with non-resectable or metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and who had disease recurrence or failure with previous chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity1149 previously treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy received weekly @entity1311 80 mg/m(2) as a 1 h infusion. The median age was 63 years (range 42-77 years); 25 @entity1 had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) 1 and 15 had @entity13770 . Thirty-one @entity1 had stage IV disease and nine stage III (eight stage IIIB and one stage IIIA). RESULTS: A total of 364 weeks of treatment were administered (median 8 weeks, range 2-17 weeks). There were no episodes of grade 3 or 4 haematological @entity137 . Severe non-haematological @entity137 was uncommon: grade 1-2 asthenia in 50%; grade 1-2 motor @entity16 in 45% and grade 3 in 10%; grade 1-2 @entity16 in 62% of @entity1 . @entity1665 was mild. The overall response rate was 37.5% (95% CI, 23.9-55): 2 CR, 13 PR, 15 SD, 8 PD, 2 NE. Median overall survival was 9.7 months (95% CI, 6.5-12.8). Median time to progression was 5.4 months (95% CI, 1.8-8.9). CONCLUSION: A low-dose weekly @entity1311 regimen had good clinical efficacy with low @entity137 in this group of @entity1 with poor prognosis. This regimen increases the therapeutic options available for second-line therapy in @entity1149 @entity1 .

title: Low-dose weekly @entity1311 as second-line treatment for advanced XXXX : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Visually guided irrigation (VGIR) is simple joint irrigation with minimally invasive intracapsular inspection through the use of a thin arthroscope. The aims of the present study were to develop VGIR for the superior joint compartment of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) by using a 1.2-mm-diameter rod-lens arthroscope and to examine the short-term clinical outcomes. The correlation between the clinical outcome of VGIR of the @entity1348 and intracapsular findings was also evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty @entity1 who underwent VGIR for symptomatic internal derangement of the @entity1348 (n = 20) were enrolled in this study. The clinical outcome of VGIR was evaluated in terms of the improvement in the painless range of mandibular motion (ROM: interincisal distance in millimeters), and functional @entity158 was evaluated by using a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 100. Painless ROM and VAS scores 6 months postoperatively were compared with the preoperative data. A @entity922 was defined as an increased ROM (ROM > 38 mm) and a decreased VAS score (VAS score < 20%, and <60% of the preoperative level). With respect to these criteria, all joints were classified into either @entity922 ( @entity922 ) or poor clinical outcome (PO) groups. The difference in the distribution of the arthroscopic findings obtained during VGIR, with respect to severity, was analyzed between the @entity922 and PO groups. RESULTS: None of the 20 @entity1 experienced any serious @entity149 , including the breakage of instruments. We were able to perform a reliable intracapsular diagnosis during VGIR. Sixteen of 20 @entity1 (80%) had significant improvements in @entity86 ROM and the VAS score of functional @entity158 , thereby being classified into the @entity922 group. The distribution of the severity of intracapsular findings did not differ significantly between the @entity922 group and the PO group. CONCLUSIONS: VGIR is useful for the treatment and diagnosis of internally deranged TMJs. These data suggest that the clinical outcome of @entity1348 irrigation is not related to the intracapsular condition of the superior joint compartment.

title: Visually guided irrigation for XXXX with symptomatic internal derangement of the @entity1348 : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['local or systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative painless']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['jaw pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['good clinical outcome', 'GO']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 448 Background: Many studies have demonstrated genetic and environmental factors lead to @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) occurring during a protracted period of tumorigenesis. It seemed suitable identify and characterize potential molecular markers which might provide rapid and effective possibilities for early detection of @entity1358 . The purpose from this analysis was to derive predictive models which could predict more accurately than any one factor alone. METHODS: We assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) with SYBR Green the profile of 32 predictive markers involved in the cascade of events leading to the formation and progression of this disease to evaluate their involvement in oncogenesis. RNA of quality was obtained in 90% of samples (N=80, 52/80 clear @entity1358 , 6/80 papillary @entity1358 and 14/80 chromophobe @entity1358 ) to carry out the study of gene expression. GenEx software was used for qPCR data processing and analysis. The potential correlation between mRNA expression and the pathological features of the study subjects was assessed by Pearson Chi-squared. Linear rather than logistic regression models were used (SPSS statistics 21.0 software). Additionally, a knowledgebases of biological pathways, Reactome and Snow (Babelomics), were used to superimpose our quantitative expression data. RESULTS: The best gene predictors related to different pathological variables (histological type, @entity5 size, Fuhrman grade, number of involved nodes, renal pelvis invasion, lymphatic vessels invasion, and @entity397 of the renal capsule): @entity7738 (p < 0.001), @entity32299 (p = 0.035), @entity15974 (p = 0 .012), @entity38765 (p< 0.001), @entity2467 (p = 0.002), @entity3820 (p =0.002), @entity675 (p = 0.026), Bax-b (p = 0.005), Survivin (p = 0.028), @entity125 (p = 0.006), @entity126 (p = 0.007), @entity7363 (p = 0.016), @entity26411 (p = 0.005), @entity470 (p = 0.029), @entity22408 (p = 0.026), @entity42436 (p = 0.036), FH (p = 0.018), @entity2030 (p = 0.030), and @entity12226 (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that altered expression of certain members involved in the main pathways which feed @entity1358 and their downstream targets analyzed together could improve the diagnostic accuracy for @entity703 by combining determinations of mRNA markers.

title: Molecular expression profiling and pathway analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary XXXX specimens.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy persists about the most efficient allocation of healthcare funds for @entity65 prevention. Previous economic analyses have generally focused on primary or secondary prevention as discrete categories. OBJECTIVES: To address the information required by decision-makers to distribute budgets optimally across an entire population at risk in view of recommendations promulgated by the National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The Continuum of Risk Evaluation (CORE) model is an individual @entity1 simulation of the occurrence of @entity65 allowing for analyses over a broad range of risk. All events are tallied, costs are applied, and survival is modified accordingly. Disaggregated presentation of the results allows decision-makers to evaluate the budgetary implications and cost effectiveness of different strategies according to the risk at which treatment is initiated. This process is illustrated for the United States using information from the 1988-1994 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and pravastatin trials. RESULTS: Secondary prevention with @entity8673 costs dollar 2900 per life-year gained for @entity1 and dollar 1100 per life-year gained for @entity1 . Lowering the treatment threshold to incorporate primary prevention yields cost-effectiveness ratios that remain below dollar 25 000 per undiscounted life-year gained until a 10-year @entity65 risk of 14.4%. Cost savings are possible for very high-risk @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The economic impact of an integrated approach to prevention of @entity65 has not been thoroughly explored. CORE permits realistic analysis of policy decisions involving the entire continuum of risk rather than isolated consideration of specific disease stages, and thus provides a unique tool for assessing the full implications of treatment guidelines such as those of the NCEP ATP III.

title: Allocating funds for XXXX prevention in light of the NCEP ATP III guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intermediate- and high-grade @entity1893 are generally chemosensitive diseases with high initial response rates to combination chemotherapy. Dose intensification via autologous and allogeneic transplantation provides viable treatment options in specific clinical settings. Currently, autologous transplantation is the standard of care for relapsed but chemosensitive @entity146 . However, tools such as the International Prognostic Index allow risk-adapted analyses, and show that the magnitude of benefit from autologous transplantation differs in @entity706 subsets. METHODS: Low-risk @entity1 appear to do well regardless of salvage approaches, whereas high-risk @entity1 have suboptimal outcomes with autologous transplantation. In high-risk @entity1 , high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation has been examined as part of initial therapy, with long-term data promising but still evolving. DISCUSSION: A significant concern with autologous transplantation in @entity146 and high-grade @entity1893 is the risk of graft contamination with @entity5 cells. Several investigators have demonstrated the presence of malignant cells in both BM and PBSC, although the clonagenic potential of such cells is unclear. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation has several potential advantages over autologous transplantation for @entity1893 ,including procurement of an uncontaminated stem-cell graft, GvL effects, and the elimination of hematopoietic stem-cell damage and consequent secondary @entity1778 . RESULTS: The ideal application of allogeneic transplantation in @entity146 and high- @entity706 is still unclear; but the lower relapse rates demonstrated in several comparisons of the two approaches make this an exciting area to pursue. Finally, non-myeloablative stem-cell transplantation may broaden the use of allogeneic transplantation by lowering regimen-related mortality while capitalizing on GvL.

title: Autologous and allogeneic transplantation for XXXX @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'grade lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive B-cell NHL', 'aggressive']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aerobic activity positively affects @entity1 recovering from @entity64 and is part of best practice guidelines, yet this evidence has not been translated to routine practice. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a model of care that integrated aerobic training in an inpatient rehabilitation setting for @entity1 in the subacute stage of @entity64 recovery. Key elements of the program were personalized training prescription based on submaximal test results and supervision within a group setting. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. METHODS: @entity1 (N=78) completed submaximal exercise testing prior to enrollment, and the test results were used by their treating physical therapists for exercise prescription. Feasibility was evaluated using enrollment, class attendance, adherence to prescription, and @entity1 perceptions. RESULTS: Overall, 31 @entity1 (40%) were referred to and completed the exercise program. Cardiac comorbidities were the main reason for nonreferral to the fitness group. Program attendance was 77%; scheduling conflicts were the primary barrier to participation. The majority of @entity1 (63%) achieved 20 minutes of continuous exercise by the end of the program. No adverse events were reported, all @entity1 felt they benefited from the program, and 80% of the @entity1 expressed interest in continuing to exercise regularly after discharge. LIMITATIONS: Cardiac comorbidities prevented enrollment in the program for 27% of the admitted @entity1 , and strategies for inclusion in exercise programs in this population should be explored. CONCLUSIONS: This individualized exercise program within a group delivery model was feasible; however, ensuring adequate aerobic targets were met was a challenge, and future work should focus on how best to include individuals with cardiac comorbidities.

title: Integrating aerobic training within subacute XXXX rehabilitation: a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Neurosteroids are synthesized de novo from @entity165 in the brain. To understand neurosteroid action in the brain, data on the regio- and temporal-specific synthesis of neurosteroids are needed. Recently, we identified the Purkinje cell as an active neurosteroidogenic cell. In rodents, this neuron actively produces several neurosteroids including @entity53 during neonatal life, when cerebellar neuronal circuit formation occurs. @entity53 may be involved in cerebellar neuronal circuit formation through promoting neuronal growth and neuronal synaptic contact, because the Purkinje cell expresses @entity172 receptor-beta ( @entity11717 ). To test this hypothesis, in this study we examined the effects of @entity53 on @entity851 , spinogenesis, and synaptogenesis in the Purkinje cell using neonatal @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 or cytochrome P450 aromatase knock-out (ArKO) @entity19 . Administration of @entity53 to neonatal @entity164 or ArKO @entity19 increased @entity851 , spinogenesis, and synaptogenesis in the Purkinje cell. In contrast, @entity164 @entity19 treated with @entity440 , an ER antagonist, or ArKO @entity19 exhibited decreased Purkinje @entity851 , spinogenesis, and synaptogenesis at the same neonatal period. To elucidate the mode of action of @entity53 , we further examined the expression of @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) in response to @entity172 actions in the neonate. @entity172 administration to neonatal @entity164 or ArKO @entity19 increased the @entity9140 level in the cerebellum, whereas @entity440 decreased the @entity9140 level in @entity164 @entity19 similar to ArKO @entity19 . @entity9140 administration to @entity440 -treated @entity164 @entity19 increased Purkinje @entity851 . These results indicate that @entity53 induces @entity851 , spinogenesis, and synaptogenesis in the developing Purkinje cell via @entity9140 action during neonatal life.

title: Mode of action and functional significance of @entity172 -inducing XXXX , spinogenesis, and synaptogenesis in the developing Purkinje cell.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic growth']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['dendritic growth']


abstract: The authors describe their experience with the use of distally based saphenous and sural neurofasciocutaneous flaps for the treatment of @entity4034 in nine cases. Aggressive d  bridement of all nonviable and poorly vascularized tissue and coverage with a distally based neurofasciocutaneous flap were coupled with a thorough antibiotic course in all cases. The deepithelized peripheral parts of all flaps were buried in the bone cavities after bone d  bridement. Follow-up periods ranged from 15 to 27 months. All flaps survived completely. All of the wounds except one healed completely. These flaps have adequate blood flow for the management of chronic @entity79 . They also have many advantages, such as easy quick elevation, short operative time, and acceptable donor-site morbidity. Moreover, @entity1 treated with @entity4848 do not require debulking procedures or special shoes. Reconstruction with @entity4848 after radical d  bridement is a versatile alternative to the use of local or distant muscle flaps and calcanectomy procedures for @entity1 with @entity4034 .

title: The simple and effective choice for treatment of chronic @entity4034 : XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infections']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis of the os calcis', 'calcaneal osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous flaps']

answer: @entity4848 :: (MESH:D020752,Disease) :: ['neurocutaneous flaps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether delays in commencing adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of @entity694 adversely impact survival. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity694 who received adjuvant chemotherapy at 2 centers were identified through the institutional @entity5 registry. Time to adjuvant chemotherapy, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) were calculated from the day of surgery. @entity1 were dichotomized into early (time to adjuvant chemotherapy  <= 60 days) and late treatment (time to adjuvant chemotherapy >60 days) groups. @entity1349 and @entity4557 were compared using log-rank test and multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Of 186 @entity1 included in the study, 49 (26%) had received adjuvant chemotherapy >60 days after surgical resection. Thirty percent of the delays were system related (eg, late referrals, insurance authorizations). Time to adjuvant chemotherapy >60 days was associated with significantly worse @entity1349 in both univariate analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio, 2.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-4.36). Although difference in @entity4557 between the 2 groups favored time to adjuvant chemotherapy <60, this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant chemotherapy delay >60 days after surgical resection of @entity694 is associated with worse @entity1349 .

title: Does delay of adjuvant chemotherapy impact survival in @entity1 with resected stage II and III XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma', 'colon cancer', 'stage II-III colon adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We analysed gene expression microarray data from whole blood samples from 228 @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 either untreated or treated with one of three alternative commonly used interferon beta ( @entity2391 ) disease modifying drugs: Avonex(  ) (*1 weekly), @entity8975 (  ) (every second day) or Rebif(  ) (*3 weekly). @entity1 injections were not timed to coordinate sample collections, thus providing a global transcriptomic profile for each population of @entity1 studied. Three hundred and fifty one genes were significantly differentially expressed by at least one of the @entity2391 drugs. Despite the different drug sources with distinct injection and dosage protocols, a striking similarity was found in the identity and functional classes of the differentially expressed genes induced. Using the 25 most-upregulated genes, we defined a robust @entity2391 gene expression signature that quantifies the IFN activation state per blood sample collected irrespective of the type of @entity2391 therapy. This 25-gene signature also defined basal IFN activation states among untreated @entity15 @entity1 , which differed among individuals but remained relatively constant per @entity1 with time. The maximum drug-induced IFN-activation state was similar for all three drugs despite a 1.7-2.0-fold diminished average effect for Avonex. This and a more erratic effect of Avonex per @entity1 across longitudinal measurements is likely a result of its reduced injection frequency. In summary, we have defined a robust blood-derived type I IFN gene signature from @entity15 @entity1 . This signature could potentially serve to generically quantify the systemic Type I IFN activation status for any other clinical manifestation, inclusive of other @entity792 .

title: A robust type I interferon gene signature from blood RNA defines quantitative but not qualitative differences between three major XXXX drugs in the treatment of @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity8975 :: ('MESH:C044327', 'Chemical') :: ['Betaseron']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity2391 :: (3456,Gene) :: ['IFNb']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional nails rely on interlocking screws for axial and rotational stability. Such screws have poor fixation in @entity1 with poor bone quality ( @entity2331 ). The Fixion nail does not depend on interlocking screws-axial and rotational stability is instead achieved by nail expansion. Therefore, this nail may be better suited for @entity1 with poor bone quality who require humeral stabilization. METHODS: The system was used to manage 25 unstable humerus shaft @entity174 in @entity79 . An antegrade approach was used in 18 @entity1 and a retrograde approach was used in 7 @entity1 . RESULTS: There were no intra- or @entity260 . Postoperatively, all @entity174 were stable and had healed by week 16. The mean operative time was 35 +/- 10 minutes (+/- SD) including 1.5 +/- 0.5 minutes of fluoroscopy time. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that use of this nailing system is associated with minimal complications, predictable @entity174 healing, and excellent functional outcomes in a cohort of elderly @entity1 with poor bone quality and humeral shaft @entity174 requiring stabilization. Further confirmation by larger prospective trials is necessary.

title: Expandable nail system for osteoporotic humeral shaft XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic bone']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the partial therapeutic mechanism of @entity4044 extract (GBE) in treating @entity565 . METHODS: Fourteen SD @entity35 were randomly divided into two groups, 7 @entity35 were sensitized as the @entity748 model group and the others taken as the healthy control group. T lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the @entity35 , and were cultured in vitro with @entity3766 ( @entity3766 group) or @entity4044 extract 761 ( @entity12689 group) in different concentrations or without any of them (control group). T lymphocytes proliferation in groups were measured by using @entity98 assay and the effect of @entity3766 on T lymphocytes apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry at various times. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, @entity3766 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocytes in both healthy and @entity748 @entity35 in vitro (P <0. 05). The effects were enhanced as the concentration increasing and the time prolonging, the effects to the latter were higher than those to the former, showing significant difference between them ( P <0.05 ). However, the effect of @entity12689 was varied with the concentrations. @entity12689 could promote T lymphocytes proliferation at low concentration but inhibit it at high concentration, there was a significant difference as compared with that in the control group ( all P < 0. 05). The apoptotic rate of T lymphocytes rose as the concentration of @entity3766 increasing (P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: GBE has different effects on T lymphocytes proliferation since the different ingredients and the concentrations in vitro, and it also has different effects between healthy and @entity748 @entity35 . @entity3766 is the main active ingredient among them, it can not only inhibit T lymphocytes proliferation but also increase the apoptotic rate.

title: [Effects of @entity4044 extract on proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes in vitro in XXXX with @entity565 ].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo Biloba']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']