abstract: The objective of this study was to measure @entity165 concentrations in @entity6 @entity1 at the beginning of maintenance hemodialysis treatment and to define their role as predictors of subsequent @entity204 on maintenance hemodialysis. The design of this study consisted of a prospective study of all consecutive @entity6 @entity1 newly admitted to 28 German dialysis centers between January 1985 and October 1987. The @entity1 were examined on admission and subsequently followed for 45 months on dialysis. This study included 196 @entity1 , 67 type I (43 male, 24 female, median age 49 years, range 22-73) and 129 type II (54 male, 75 female, aged 64 years, range 37-82). Lipids (total @entity165 , @entity1674 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 @entity755 and A and anthropometric indices (body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness) were measured. The outcome was @entity204 , i.e., cardiovascular ( @entity583 , @entity944 , other cardiac causes, @entity64 ) and @entity204 during a 45-month follow-up. At the start of treatment, total @entity165 , @entity1674 LDL @entity165 , LDL/HDL ratio and @entity755 were significantly higher in diabetics than in healthy controls or @entity1 with standard primary @entity8 starting dialysis. Only minor differences were found between males and females and type I and type II diabetics. Fourty-three percent of type I and 50% of type II diabetics died, 61% from cardiovascular causes, mostly @entity583 (in 40% reinfarction) and @entity944 . On admission, diabetics subsequently dying from @entity583 had significantly higher median @entity165 than survivors, i.e., 259 versus 222 mg/dl, and higher LDL @entity165 , LDL/HDL ratio and @entity755 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum lipids predict @entity204 in @entity6 XXXX on maintenance hemodialysis. Results of a prospective study. The German Study Group @entity6 and Uremia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'noncardiovascular death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and economic study data for @entity1205 , @entity1311 and @entity1206 in the treatment of @entity4349 -resistant @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A Markov decision-analysis model to simulate the clinical course of a 'typical' @entity1 with @entity0 during salvage chemotherapy was updated with response rates and adverse effect rates from phase III clinical trial data for @entity1205 , @entity1311 and @entity1206 . Costs were taken from UK national databases and hospitals. Utilities were estimated from 30 oncology nurses in the UK using the standard gamble method. PERSPECTIVE: National Health Service. RESULTS: When compared with other chemotherapeutic agents, @entity1205 has been shown to increase response rate, time to progression and survival in @entity1 with @entity0 . In the base-case analysis, the incremental cost-utility ratio for @entity1205 versus @entity1311 was pound1995 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained (1998 values). The incremental cost-utility ratio for @entity1205 versus @entity1206 was pound14 055 per QALY gained. In the comparison with @entity1206 , @entity1205 provided the equivalent of an additional 92 days of perfect health. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the model and the validity of the base-case analysis results. Even in the worst case scenarios, @entity1205 remained cost effective compared with @entity1311 and @entity1206 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the use of the taxoids, notably @entity1205 , in the management of @entity0 .

title: Cost effectiveness of treatment options in XXXX in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: Radiation therapy in the treatment of @entity5 is dose limited by @entity1161 in normal tissues such as the intestine and the heart. To identify the mechanistic involvement of transforming growth factor-beta 1 ( @entity1810 ) in intestinal and @entity299 , we studied the influence of pharmacological induction of @entity1810 with @entity44987 (SR 57746A) in @entity35 models of @entity1161 and @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Because it was uncertain to what extent @entity1810 induction may enhance @entity1161 in heart and intestine, animals were exposed to irradiation schedules that cause mild to moderate (acute) @entity1161 . In the @entity1161 model, male @entity35 received local irradiation of a 4-cm loop of @entity35 ileum with 7 once-daily fractions of 5.6 Gy, and intestinal injury was assessed at 2 weeks and 12 weeks after irradiation. In the @entity299 model, male @entity35 received local heart irradiation with a single dose of 18 Gy and were followed for 6 months after irradiation. @entity35 were treated orally with xaliproden starting 3 days before irradiation until the end of the experiments. Treatment with xaliproden increased circulating @entity1810 levels by 300% and significantly induced expression of @entity1810 and @entity1810 target genes in the irradiated intestine and heart. Various radiation-induced structural changes in the intestine at 2 and 12 weeks were significantly enhanced with @entity1810 induction. Similarly, in the @entity299 model induction of @entity1810 augmented radiation-induced changes in cardiac function and @entity296 . These results lend further support for the direct involvement of @entity1810 in biological mechanisms of radiation-induced adverse remodeling in the intestine and the heart.

title: Pharmacological induction of transforming growth factor-beta1 in @entity35 models enhances XXXX in the intestine and the heart.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation enteropathy', 'radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['RIHD', 'cardiac radiation injury', 'radiation-induced heart disease']

entities_list: @entity44987 :: ('MESH:C462299', 'Chemical') :: ['xaliproden']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation injury']


abstract: A phase II trial of @entity440 , @entity1260 , @entity1259 , and @entity900 (TIEP) chemotherapy was conducted in @entity1 with chemonaive inoperable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) to assess response and @entity137 . From October 1997 to August 1998, 19 @entity1 were treated. The treatment schema included @entity440 60 mg twice daily by mouth on days 1 to 3, @entity1260 3 g/m2 intravenous infusion (IV) 60 minutes with mesna on day 2, @entity1259 50 mg/m2 IV bolus on day 2, and @entity900 60 mg/m2 IV 60 minutes on day 2 every 4 weeks for up to six cycles. All @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . The major @entity137 was myelosuppression; grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 or @entity1398 occurred in 14 of 19 (73.7%) @entity1 during treatment, and 6 @entity1 (31.6%) experienced @entity221 in association with the @entity1398 ; no toxic @entity204 occurred. Grade 3 @entity417 occurred in six @entity1 (31.6%) during the treatment. Grade 3 or 4 @entity390 / @entity391 occurred in only one @entity1 . @entity137 other than @entity1398 and @entity417 were minimal. After two cycles of treatment, 9 of 19 @entity1 attained a partial response (47.4%, 95% confidence interval 24.9%-69.9%) in this study. The median time to disease progression was 6 months and median survival time was 12 months. We conclude that TIEP is an active combination regimen with an acceptable @entity137 profile in Chinese @entity1 with inoperable @entity1149 .

title: A phase II trial of @entity440 , @entity1260 , @entity1259 , and XXXX combination chemotherapy for inoperable @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: A dose-finding study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a bimonthly 12-h (10:00 p.m to 10:00 a.m), timed flat infusion (TFI) of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) plus @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ), without @entity4181 (LV), for metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ). A total of 33 @entity1 were treated. Seven dose levels included a fixed @entity2600 dose of 180 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15 (d(1,15)) and escalating doses of @entity1487 600-1200 mg/m2 on days 1-4 and 15-18 (d(1-4,15-18)). Dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) were: grade 3-4 non-hematologic, grade 4 hematologic and any @entity137 causing a more than a 2-week delay in treatment. The MTD was reached at the seventh dose level. DLTs were observed in 5/8 @entity1 (63%): G3 @entity294 , 2 @entity1 , associated with G3 @entity33 in one instance; G4 @entity1398 , 2 @entity1 , associated with severe @entity1395 in 1 @entity1 ; @entity8566 , 1 @entity1 . The recommended doses (RDs) were established at the sixth dose level: @entity1487 , 1100 mg/m2/d(1-4,15-18); @entity2600 180 mg/m2/d(1,15) [ @entity1487 and @entity2600 dose intensity (DI), 2200 and 90 mg/m2 per week (w), respectively]. At the recommended dose, the DLTs in 38 cycles were: @entity33 , 2 cycles (5%); afebrile G4 @entity1398 and @entity8566 , 1 cycle (3%). In 24 assessable @entity1 , the overall response rate was 37.5%. The present @entity2600 / @entity1487 schedule is highly tolerable in an outpatient setting using the highest recommended @entity1487 dose effective in advanced @entity14 .

title: Increased tolerability of bimonthly 12-hour timed flat infusion @entity1487 / XXXX regimen in advanced @entity14 : A dose-finding study.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['G3 hand-foot syndrome', 'hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bilateral @entity2846 is a rare condition often associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overproduction. CSF overproduction is usually so high that the placement of a CSF ventriculoperitoneal shunt almost always results in progressive ascites leading to the necessity of removing the inserted shunt device. A direct surgical treatment of the hyperplastic choroid plexuses is then mandatory. @entity3459 of the choroid plexuses has been recently proposed as an alternative to open surgical plexectomy. However, the effectiveness of the procedure in controlling CSF overproduction is still debated. TECHNIQUE: We report a case of bilateral @entity2846 in which an extensive bilateral endoscopic coagulation of the choroid plexuses failed to reduce the CSF formation rate sufficiently. A one-stage bilateral open surgical plexectomy was performed. RESULTS: The procedure succeeded to control CSF overproduction. Intraoperative @entity190 during the surgical removal of the choroid plexuses was significantly reduced due to the previous coagulation of their surface. CONCLUSION: On these grounds, we suggest that endoscopic @entity3459 , even when failing to normalize CSF production, may still be considered as a valid adjuvant procedure in the management of this condition.

title: The role of endoscopic XXXX in the surgical management of bilateral choroid plexuses hyperplasia.

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexuses coagulation', 'Endoscopic coagulation']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus hyperplasia']

answer: @entity2846 :: (MESH:D020288,Disease) :: ['choroid plexus coagulation']


abstract: An open-label, randomized phase III trial has been established to compare the efficacy and safety profile of tegafur and @entity5537 (UFT) plus @entity4181 with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) plus @entity4181 as first-line chemotherapy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . The primary end point of this study is time to progression. Secondary end points include @entity5 response, symptom control, quality of life, and pharmacoeconomics. @entity1 randomized to the experimental arm will receive UFT 300 mg/m2/day for 28 days followed by 1 week of rest, plus @entity4181 30 mg three times daily for 28 days. @entity1 in the control arm will receive @entity1487 425 mg/m2/day plus @entity4181 20 mg/m2/day for 5 days every 35 days. All @entity1 eligible to participate in the study have evaluable or measurable disease. Assessments of @entity5 size and symptoms will be conducted every 5 weeks (every cycle), with scanning investigations repeated every 10 weeks (two cycles). Symptom evaluation includes assessment of @entity158 , analgesic use, weight loss, and performance status. The intention was to recruit 362 @entity1 by April 1996, with accrual planned for completion by July 1997. As of May 1997, 312 @entity1 had been randomized in 15 countries, covering 45 active sites. All @entity1 had good performance status, and the majority had no prior adjuvant chemotherapy. The study is currently ongoing, and no safety data are available at this time.

title: UFT plus @entity4181 vs XXXX plus @entity4181 for metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-FU']


abstract: One drawback of in vitro cell culturing is the dedifferentiation process that cells experience. @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) also change molecularly and morphologically with long term culture. The main objective of this study was to evaluate if culture passages interfere in vascular @entity3960 mechanical behavior. @entity3960 were obtained from five different porcine arterial beds. Optical magnetic twisting cytometry (OMTC) was used to characterize mechanically vascular @entity3960 from different cultures in distinct passages and confocal microscopy/western blotting, to evaluate cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix proteins. We found that vascular @entity2003 or viscoelastic complex modulus (G) decreases with progression of passages. A statistically significant negative correlation between G and passage was found in four of our five cultures studied. @entity6286 -stained @entity3960 from higher passages exhibited lower mean signal intensity per cell (confocal microscopy) and quantitative western blotting analysis showed a decrease in collagen I content throughout passages. We concluded that vascular @entity3960 progressively lose their stiffness with serial culture passaging. Thus, limiting the number of passages is essential for any experiment measuring viscoelastic properties of @entity3960 in culture.

title: Vascular smooth muscle cells exhibit a progressive XXXX with serial culture passaging.

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['SMC rigidity']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['SMC', 'Smooth muscle cells']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['Phalloidin']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['loss of rigidity']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity703 were treated with 0.15 mg/kg/day @entity10049 by continuous intravenous infusion for 14 days with 3 million IU/m2/day alpha interferon subcutaneously three times weekly. Treatment cycles were repeated every 28 days. @entity10049 dosages were escalated to a maximum of 0.2 mg/kg/day and alpha interferon dosages were escalated to a maximum of 6 million IU/m2/day depending on @entity1 tolerability. A total of 49 treatment courses were administered with a median of 2.7 courses per @entity1 . Of 14 assessable @entity1 , there were no complete or partial responses. Eight @entity1 (57%) had stabilization of disease. The median survival for @entity1 with stable disease was 20.9 months and for all 18 @entity1 was 7.2 months. Grades 3 and 4 @entity137 included @entity294 (44%), @entity390 / @entity391 (28%), @entity33 (11%), @entity221 (22%), and @entity1295 (50%). Dose-limiting @entity137 were primarily gastrointestinal symptoms. There were no treatment-related @entity204 . This combination in the dose schedule used did not result in any significant objective @entity5 response but was associated with considerable @entity137 .

title: Continuous-infusion @entity10049 and alpha interferon in metastatic XXXX : a national biotherapy study group phase II study.

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine', 'Floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of oral @entity3927 followed by vaginal @entity396 6 hours later compared with the standard 36- to 48-hour regimen for medical termination of pregnancy. DESIGN: Single centre, two arm, parallel, open randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Medical termination service at a teaching hospital. SAMPLE: Four hundred and fifty @entity1 undergoing medical termination of pregnancy at up to 63 days of gestation. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were randomised to receive @entity3927 200 mg orally followed by vaginal @entity396 800 micrograms either 6 hours (n=225) or 36-48 hours (n=225) later. All @entity1 were invited to attend for a follow-up pelvic ultrasound scan within 7 days following the @entity396 administration. For those @entity1 in whom products of conception remained at the follow-up ultrasound scan, expectant management ensued with weekly follow-up ultrasound scans until the termination was complete. They could elect to undergo an evacuation of uterus at any stage following the scan. Those @entity1 with a nonviable gestation sac at the follow-up scan were offered a further dose of vaginal @entity396 800 micrograms or suction termination of pregnancy. @entity1 with a continuing pregnancy were managed with surgical termination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Successful medical abortion defined as no requirement for medical or surgical intervention beyond the initial dose of @entity396 . RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-five @entity1 (79%) in the 6-hour group and 197 @entity1 (92%) in the 36- to 48-hour group had a successful termination at first follow-up ultrasound or presumed on the basis of other considerations (those not seen for ultrasound but deemed successful by negative pregnancy test, products passed on ward or long-term assessment of notes). Twenty-two @entity1 (10%) in the 6-hour regimen required up to three further ultrasound scans after 7 days following the @entity3927 administration in order to ensure that the termination process was complete. None of these @entity1 required a suction evacuation of uterus. In the 36- to 48-hour regimen, ten (5%) @entity1 had up to two further ultrasound scans to confirm a complete termination without the need for a surgical evacuation of uterus. Therefore, the overall successful termination rate in the 6-hour regimen was 89% (187/210) compared with 96% (207/215) in the 36- to 48-hour regimen (relative risk=0.92, 95% CI 0.84-0.98). Repeat administration of @entity396 or surgical treatment was required in 23 @entity1 (11%) in the 6-hour group and 8 @entity1 (4%) in the 36- to 48-hour group. A viable pregnancy was found in five @entity1 (2%) in the 6-hour group and in three @entity1 (1%) in the 36- to 48-hour group. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity3927 200 mg followed by vaginal @entity396 800 micrograms after 6 hours is not as effective at achieving a @entity5852 compared with the 36- to 48-hour protocol.

title: Randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of same-day administration of XXXX and @entity396 for termination of pregnancy with the standard 36 to 48 hour protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['complete abortion']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited information is available on the cost effectiveness of ustekinumab and alternative biologic treatments in a United States (US) setting. Given the recent head-to-head clinical trial study of ustekinumab and etanercept, an economic model comparing the two treatments can be constructed. Etanercept and ustekinumab are indicated for the treatment of chronic moderate to severe @entity1569 in adult @entity1 who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy. OBJECTIVE: Clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of ustekinumab, an anti-cytokine biologic, for the treatment of moderate to severe @entity1569 . This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of ustekinumab compared with etanercept from a US societal perspective. METHODS: A Markov model was constructed to simulate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained every 12  weeks over a base-case 3-year time horizon. A hypothetical @entity1 cohort was based on the characteristics of the phase III Active Comparator Psoriasis Trial (ACCEPT). The main outcome measures were costs and QALYs, which were estimated from the US societal perspective. Costs, utilities, treatment strategy, and resource use estimates were obtained from relevant literature. All costs were adjusted to 2011 US dollars. A 3  % annual discount rate was applied to costs and QALYs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were in US dollars per QALY gained. RESULTS: For the base-case 3-year time horizon, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing ustekinumab 90  mg with etanercept 50  mg was US 384,401 per QALY gained. Ustekinumab 45  mg dominates etanercept 50  mg for the same time horizon. These results were robust to sensitivity analyses involving treatment strategy, transition probabilities, valuing outcomes, and resource use and costs. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggests ustekinumab 90  mg has a minimal (4  %) chance of being cost effective compared with etanercept 50  mg at a willingness-to-pay threshold of US 150,000 per QALY improvement. For the same threshold, ustekinumab 45  mg has a high (88  %) chance of being cost effective compared with etanercept 50  mg. CONCLUSION: Under typical US willingness-to-pay cutoffs, ustekinumab 90  mg is not cost effective compared with etanercept 50  mg therapy in moderate to severe @entity1569 @entity1 for the base-case 3-year time horizon. Ustekinumab 45  mg dominates etanercept 50  mg therapy for an equivalent @entity1 @entity1569 severity and time horizon.

title: Cost effectiveness of moderate to severe XXXX therapy with etanercept and ustekinumab in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: The clinical benefits of endocrine therapy for @entity1 with hormonosensitive @entity0 are well established. For many years, five years' treatment with @entity440 was the gold standard of adjuvant treatment. The recent development of new endocrine agents provides physicians with the opportunity to take a more effective therapeutic approach. Nevertheless, the success of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy is much more recent and less frequently reported in the literature. This article reviews the studies published on neoadjuvant endocrine treatment ( @entity440 and aromatase inhibitors). According to the literature, neoadjuvant endocrine therapy seems to be effective and well tolerated. The newer generation of aromatase inhibitors ( @entity4672 , @entity13558 , @entity17082 ) appear to result in better overall response rates and more conservative surgery than @entity440 . @entity1 with an ER Allred score of 6 and over are most likely to respond and gain clinical benefit. The optimal duration of neoadjuvant therapy has not yet been investigated in detail. These preliminary results are interesting and should be confirmed by further studies.

title: Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['exemestane']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microenvironment is being increasingly recognized as a critical determinant in @entity5 progression and @entity3 . However, the appropriate regulatory mechanism to maintain the normal balance between differentiation and self-renewal of the @entity5 cell in microenvironment is not well known. METHODS: 4T1 @entity0 cells were treated with embryonic stem (ES) cell conditioned medium which was collected from @entity19 ES cells. Inhibition of @entity5 cell growth was based on the reduction of cell proliferation and viability, and inhibition of aggressive properties of @entity5 cells were examined using the wound-healing and mammosphere assays. The expression of stem cell-associated genes was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: We used a real-time imaging system to investigate the effect of the @entity19 ES cell microenvironment on aggressive @entity0 cells in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of @entity0 cells in @entity19 ES cell conditioned medium resulted in inhibition of growth, migration, @entity3 , and angiogenesis of @entity5 cells. For many @entity5 , aggressive properties were tightly related to @entity10433 signaling activation. We specifically discovered that the ES cell microenvironment sufficiently suppressed @entity10433 signaling pathway activation in aggressive @entity5 cells, leading to a reduction in tumorigenesis and invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS: We identified important functions of @entity10433 and their implications for antitumor effects of ES cell conditioned medium. Some factors secreted by ES cells could efficiently suppress @entity10433 pathway activation in @entity0 cells, and were then involved in @entity5 cell growth, survival, invasion, and migration. This study may act as a platform to understand @entity5 cell plasticity and may offer new therapeutic strategies to inhibit @entity0 progression.

title: Embryonic stem cell preconditioned microenvironment suppresses tumorigenic properties in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We present a @entity1 with @entity784 ( @entity784 ) harboring t(6;11)(q27;q23) that converted to @entity9020 at relapse. A 27-year-old @entity1 developed @entity784 with a mediastinal mass. He exhibited several recurrences in the central nervous system and marrow. A fifth relapse occurred in the marrow, with 42.8% blasts with @entity404 , @entity5893 , @entity4587 , @entity2282 , @entity1116 , @entity2280 , HLA-DR and cytoplasmic (cy) CD3. While achieving complete remission with @entity32344 , sixth relapse occurred in the marrow with 6.8% blasts, which had characteristics of monoblastic features, 2 months later. @entity236 were positive for @entity3335 , @entity404 , @entity1116 , @entity2940 , @entity10685 , and HLA-DR, but were negative for cyCD3, @entity5893 , @entity4587 , @entity2282 , and @entity2280 . Marrow cells at both the 5th lymphoid and 6th myeloid relapses had t(6;11)(q27;q23) and the same @entity11626 - @entity47669 fusion transcript. In addition, the @entity11626 - @entity47669 fusion sequences documented in the initial mediastinal cells were the same as seen in peripheral blood cells at the 6th relapse. The @entity1 continues 7th remission after one course of gemtuzumab ozogamicin therapy followed by cord blood transplantation for more than 3 years. Sequential phenotypic and cytogenetic studies may yield valuable insights into the mechanism of leukemic recurrence and possible implications for treatment selection.

title: Lineage switch with t(6;11)(q27;q23) from XXXX to @entity9020 at relapse.

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity9020 :: ('MESH:D007948', 'Disease') :: ['acute monoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma', 'T-LBL']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Marrow blasts']

entities_list: @entity32344 :: ('MESH:C104457', 'Chemical') :: ['nelarabine']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma']


abstract: @entity5442 ( @entity5442 ), which include @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) and @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ), are chronic systemic diseases associated with high morbidity and functional disability. Current treatment is based on the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs, but a considerable number of @entity1 is refractory to traditional therapy. That has led to the attempted use of biologics based on the physiopathogenesis of @entity5442 . From the immunopathological viewpoint, @entity6558 and @entity6017 differ: the former is more related to cellular immunity, while the latter, to humoral immunity. In both, however, elevated concentrations of proinflammatory interleukins (TNF, @entity1192 , @entity650 ) and increased expression of molecules related to costimulation of T lymphocytes have been described; thus, the use of biologics in those conditions seems reasonable. Considering the biologics available, open-label studies are scarce, comprising mainly case reports and series. TNF blockers have yielded conflicting results, with no evidence of good response to treatment. The anti- @entity2225 therapy has the most promising results. Data on T lymphocyte costimulation blockade and anti- @entity650 therapy are extremely scarce, preventing any consideration. Thus, the use of biologics in @entity5442 still remains an unconquered frontier. Biologics may have an important role in the management of @entity5442 refractory to conventional therapy, but further prospective studies based on objective parameters of response to treatment are needed. So far, anti- @entity2225 therapy seems to be the most promising treatment for refractory @entity5442 .

title: XXXX and @entity6558 : from immunopathology to immunotherapy (immunobiologics).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies', 'IIM']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity6017 :: (MESH:D003882,Disease) :: ['Dermatomyositis']


abstract: @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) is a serious @entity455 which may have a fatal outcome. @entity1028 shape and size is important for diagnostics and intervention planning. In this paper, we present a new method for segmentation of @entity1028 from computed tomography (CT) angiography images. The method works by segmenting the inner and the outer aortic border. Segmentation of @entity1028 is a challenging problem because of low contrast of the outer aortic border. In our method, the inner aortic border is segmented using a @entity85 ( @entity85 ) and morphological postprocessing. The @entity85 is implemented using the level-set algorithm. The outer aortic border is segmented by a preprocessing method utilizing a priori knowledge about the aorta shape, followed by the @entity85 -based method, and morphological postprocessing. The preprocessing algorithm operates on a slice-by-slice basis with some information flow among neighboring slices. The @entity85 performs three-dimensional (3D) segmentation, reducing possible errors in the previous step. The proposed method is automatic and requires minimal user assistance. The method was statistically validated on 12 @entity1 scans having a total number of 497 image slices. Statistical analysis has confirmed high correlation between the results obtained by the proposed method and the gold standard obtained by manual segmentation by an expert radiologist.

title: Model-based quantitative XXXX image analysis using a priori knowledge.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['GDM', 'geometric deformable model']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['AAA']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A brain network specifically activated when ejaculation occurs has been described in @entity35 . Increasing @entity750 ( @entity750 [ @entity750 ]) tone impairs ejaculation and chronic @entity750 selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are known to inhibit ejaculation. However, efficacy of acute treatment with SSRI varies from one compound to another. The SSRI @entity33430 has been reported to @entity2754 when given on demand to @entity1 with @entity2754 ( @entity2754 ), although the mechanism of action is unclear. Effects of acute SSRIs on activity of the brain ejaculation circuit in relation with ejaculation have never been examined. AIM: To test the effects of acute administration of the short half-life SSRI @entity33430 on ejaculatory performance and activity in brain ejaculation circuit in rapid ejaculator @entity35 taken as @entity2754 model. METHODS: Standard copulatory test was used to attribute one sexual category (sluggish, middle, or rapid) to male @entity35 on the basis of their ejaculatory performance. Parameters of sexual, including ejaculatory, behavior, and @entity5019 level of expression in discrete brain areas were assessed in the three sexual categories and in rapid category following acute oral treatment with @entity33430 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ejaculation frequency (EF) and latency (EL) were measured as primary end points of ejaculatory behavior. Density of @entity5019 -immunopositive cells in specific brain areas of brain stem, hypothalamus, and thalamus was determined as marker of neuronal activity. RESULTS: EL and @entity5019 level of expression in hypothalamic and thalamic structures were found related. @entity33430 acute oral administration (300 mg/kg) to rapid ejaculator @entity35 resulted in (i) diminution of ejaculatory performance (lengthened EL and decreased EF); and (ii) modulation of @entity5019 level of expression in hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei of the brain ejaculatory circuit. CONCLUSION: Acute treatment with @entity33430 , which reduced ejaculatory performance in rapid ejaculator @entity35 , was also accompanied with changes in neuronal activity in components of the brain ejaculatory network.

title: Effect of XXXX on ejaculatory performance and related brain neuronal activity in rapid ejaculator @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity33430 :: ('MESH:C080598', 'Chemical') :: ['Dapoxetine', 'dapoxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['delay ejaculation', 'PE', 'premature ejaculation']

answer: @entity33430 :: (MESH:C080598,Chemical) :: ['dapoxetine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intraoperative @entity174 are a reported complication during the course of primary total knee replacement. Major ligament disruptions can also occur. Clinical data are lacking to tell how much these incidents affect implantation quality and outcome. HYPOTHESIS: A thorough knowledge of these occasional incidents helps proper decision making when confronted to such situations at surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This report is based on a series of primary, posterostabilized total knee arthroplasties (posterostabilized, mobile bearing TKA with a third median condyle from Tornier Laboratory). We studied all possible mechanical complications that developed during the course of arthroplasty and analyzed their cause. We compared the functional results of @entity1 presenting these complications to those of the total series and to data from the literature. The entire operative reports for the 1795 TKA performed during this study were available and evaluated. A clinical and radiological review was performed for 1624 @entity1 at an average follow-up time of 36.8+/-34 (2-193) months. RESULTS: At this last follow-up, the average International Knee Society (IKS) score was 91.2 (19-100) and the function score was 77.76 (0-100). One hundred and thirty-two @entity1 were deceased (unrelated to TKA) at this last follow-up evaluation. A total of 69 mechanical complications were accounted for at the time of surgery (3.8%): 40 definite @entity174 or fissures around the knee (2.2%), 29 tendon or ligament disruptions or attenuations (1.6%). The risk of tibial cracks was statistically more significant, with the smaller sizes tibial trays (size 1) (p=0.019) or when an anterior tibial tuberosity elevation had been performed (p=0.02). Survival curve analysis (at an average seven and a half-years postoperative follow-up) showed that all prosthetic components were still present in 93.3% of cases in the series of @entity1 with these @entity3816 , and in 93.8% of cases in the series of @entity1 without these intraoperative complications; this survival rate amounted to 91.9% of cases at an average 16-years postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSION: This large, homogeneous series of primary, posterostabilized TKA took on 3.8% of intraoperative bone or ligament complications. All these complications could be prevented by a rigorous surgical technique. The improvement of ancillary materials, the saws, and good knowledge of such complications by the surgeon are essential. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV. Therapeutic Study.

title: Intraoperative XXXX and ligament tears during total knee arthroplasty. A 1795 posterostabilized TKA continuous series.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['peroperative complications']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 with @entity384 , definition of prognosis and of clinical features predictive of outcome is particularly important due to the availability of cardiac transplantation and other innovative treatment strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed our experience with 24 @entity1 under 2 years of age with dilated @entity384 to determine outcome and potential predictive variables. Clinical, serological, ECG, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and histological findings were analyzed. Idiopathic @entity296 or @entity2401 constituted 29% of the @entity1 presenting with @entity712 without structural @entity299 . Among these @entity1 , 45% recovered completely, 25% survived with persistent @entity1002 , and 30% died. All except one of the @entity204 occurred during the first 2 months after presentation. Poorer outcome and higher mortality were associated with a more severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction and/or a more spherical left ventricular shape at presentation. Histological evidence of @entity296 was a favorable prognostic indicator, whereas histological evidence of endocardial @entity11459 was associated with a poor outcome. During the recovery phase, diastolic volume fell rapidly. Ventricular mass was elevated from the earliest observations and fell more slowly, with persistent elevation of the mass-to-volume ratio up to 2 years. Function and contractility improved over the first several months in most @entity1 who recovered, although in occasional @entity1 continued improvement was seen for as long as 2 years after presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Histological and echocardiographic features can be used to identify @entity1 at particularly high risk for @entity204 . To have any impact on outcome, decisions about cardiac transplantation must be reached rapidly, since almost all @entity204 occurred within the first 2 months after presentation. Recovery of function is often rapid, but continued improvement may be seen for as long as 2 years.

title: XXXX . Relation of outcome to left ventricular mechanics, hemodynamics, and histology at the time of presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11459 :: ('MESH:D004695', 'Disease') :: ['fibroelastosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiomyopathy', 'acute dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Infantile dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: We investigated @entity13770 and @entity2285 protein expression in 36 pancreatic @entity420 for their effect on disease extent and @entity1 outcome. The cases were reviewed, histologically diagnosed, typed, graded, and staged. @entity3120 as well as lymph node, resection margin and adjacent organ involvements were re-evaluated. The standard streptavidin biotin immunperoxidase method was used for immunostaining with @entity13770 and @entity2285 antibodies. Cytoplasmic staining with both antibodies was scored semiquantitatively. The scores were compared with histopathological prognostic parameters using statistical methods. Standard prognostic parameters and staining scores were tested by survival analysis in terms of their effect on survival. All the @entity5 showed a positive cytoplasmic reaction with @entity2285 antibody. Seventy-seven percent of the @entity5 showed positive cytoplasmic staining with @entity13770 antibody (22.2% +, 13.9% ++ and 41.7% +++). There was a statistically significant difference between @entity2285 staining scores with N status and final stages of the @entity5 (Chi-square, p = 0.03 and p = 0.026, respectively), while neither direct nor inverse correlation was detected for both parameters. @entity13770 staining scores showed no statistically significant relationship with @entity5 grade T, M status, perineural invasion, lymph and blood vessel invasion. In @entity5 with extensive staining with @entity13770 , @entity5 stage tended to be low (Chi square, p = 0.024, Kendall Tau-b, r: -0.336, p = 0.036). There was a statistically significant difference and inverse correlation between @entity5 with extensive @entity13770 staining and @entity5 with less intense staining in terms of lymph node @entity3 (Chi-square, p = 0.041, Kendall Tau: p = 0.024, r = -0,373). In the R0 resection group, in univariate analysis, we found that with higher scores of @entity2285 staining, the prognosis of the @entity1 tended to improve. (Cox regression, p = 0.013). In multivariate analysis, @entity2285 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor. We found no relationship between @entity13770 staining and @entity1 survival.

title: Immunohistochemical detection of @entity13770 protein and heat shock protein-70 in pancreatic @entity420 . Relationship with disease extent and XXXX survival.

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphatic vessel, blood vessel and perineural invasion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , three main variables need to be assessed to optimize meal-related insulin boluses: pre-meal blood @entity413 (BG), insulin to @entity1735 ratio (I : C), and basal insulin. We are presenting data for a novel use of the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (HEC) in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 that minimizes the impact of these variables and can be used to determine the I : C. METHODS: Ten subjects (six @entity1 and four @entity1 ) using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps were recruited for this study [24-65 years; BMI 27.1 +/- 4.9 kg/m(2); @entity3916 7.2 +/- 1.4% (mean +/- SD)]. The HEC used a primed continuous intravenous insulin infusion of 40 mU/m(2)/min and a variable infusion of 20% @entity413 to maintain BG at 90 mg/dL. After subjects were in steady state (SS) for 50 min, a standardized meal (40% of total calories/day - 30% @entity1735 , 30% protein, 40% fat) was consumed. Subjects gave the insulin bolus with their CSII pump. No changes were made in the @entity413 infusion rate. RESULTS: Mean BG at SS was 85.7 +/- 10.4 mg/dL. Peak BG was 115.0 +/- 12.7 mg/dL at 68.5 +/- 8.8 min after the meal. Mean I : C was 1 : 9.3 +/- 1.7 (range 1 : 7-1 : 12). Insulin sensitivity varied from 1.9 to 9.1 mg/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS: The HEC can be used to reduce confounding factors and to determine the I : C. As a first estimate of the I : C in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , it is recommended to start with a ratio of 1 : 9.3 and to measure post-prandial BG at 70 min.

title: Calculating the insulin to XXXX ratio using the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp-a novel use for a proven technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess survival, local control, and @entity137 of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in @entity957 of the anal canal. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventeen @entity1 were treated with nine-field IMRT plans. Thirteen received concurrent @entity1487 and @entity1138 , whereas 1 @entity1 received @entity1487 alone. Seven @entity1 were planned with three-dimensional anteroposterior/posterior-anterior (AP/PA) fields for dosimetric comparison to IMRT. RESULTS: Compared with AP/PA, IMRT reduced the mean and threshold doses to small bowel, bladder, and genitalia. Treatment was well tolerated, with no Grade > or =3 acute nonhematologic @entity137 . There were no treatment breaks attributable to gastrointestinal or @entity137 . Of @entity1 who received @entity1138 , 38% experienced Grade 4 hematologic @entity137 . IMRT did not afford bone marrow sparing, possibly resulting from the clinical decision to prescribe 45 Gy to the whole pelvis in most @entity1 , vs. the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-recommended 30.6 Gy whole pelvic dose. Three of 17 @entity1 , who did not achieve a complete response, proceeded to an abdominoperineal resection and colostomy. At a median follow-up of 20.3 months, there were no other local failures. Two-year overall survival, disease-free survival, and colostomy-free survival are: 91%, 65%, and 82% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this hypothesis-generating analysis, the acute @entity137 and clinical outcome with IMRT in the treatment of @entity5 is encouraging. Compared with historical controls, local control is not compromised despite efforts to increase conformality and reduce normal structure dose.

title: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of @entity5 : XXXX and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Accurate diagnosis of exposure to @entity6649 is important for maintaining negative farms. In the present study, the ability of a dual-plate complement fixation (CF) assay and 3 commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs; quad-plate ELISA-1, single-plate ELISA-2, and single-plate ELISA-3) in detecting serological evidence of A. pleuropneumoniae exposure was compared using serum samples of experimentally infected or vaccinated @entity1707 , or field samples from the United States. Forty-two @entity1707 were divided into groups of 2 @entity1707 and were inoculated with 1 of 15 A. @entity5390 representing all known serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae, or with @entity6649 suis, or were vaccinated with a bacterin containing A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, 3, 5, or 7. Serum samples collected at the day of inoculation or vaccination and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days later were used to compare the assays. On samples from experimentally infected @entity1707 , the dual-plate CF assay, quad-plate ELISA-1, single-plate ELISA-2, and single-plate ELISA-3 had sensitivities of 0.46, 0.74, 0.13, and 0.13 and specificities of 0.90, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively. Vaccinated @entity1707 were identified only by the dual-plate CF assay and the quad-plate ELISA-1. In addition, 90 serum samples with unknown A. pleuropneumoniae exposure collected under field conditions were tested with all assays. The agreement of the 4 assays on field samples was slight to fair. While several assays are available for demonstration of A. pleuropneumoniae exposure, differences in assay targets complicate test choices. Decisions on which assay or combination of assays to use depend on the specific reasons for running the assays.

title: Evaluation of diagnostic assays for the serological detection of XXXX on samples of known or unknown exposure.

entities_list: @entity6649 :: ('715', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus', 'Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity5390 :: ('MESH:D011001', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropneumoniae strains']

answer: @entity6649 :: (715,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite their high effectiveness, @entity1871 -only contraceptives are considered less than ideal by the many @entity1 who experience irregular @entity3556 when using them. Current treatments to control these @entity548 problems are not sufficiently effective. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated preventive and therapeutic approaches to normalise @entity548 irregularities associated with the use of @entity1871 -only contraceptives. SEARCH METHODS: Literature was identified through database searches, reference lists, organisations and individuals, covering the period until May-June 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials with random or systematic allocation, testing interventions for the prevention or treatment of @entity548 irregularities associated with the use of @entity1871 -only contraceptives were eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Results are expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for categorical data and as @entity353 ( @entity353 ) with 95% CI for continuous data. When we encountered heterogeneity (visual or statistical) we used the random-effects model (quantitative) or did not produce a summary estimate (qualitative). MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-three randomised controlled trials enrolling 3677 @entity1 were included. Two thirds of the trials were determined to reflect low to moderate risk of bias. @entity172 treatments reduced the number of days of an ongoing @entity548 episode in @entity12135 and Norplant users. However, treatment frequently led to more discontinuation due to @entity344 .Combinations of oral @entity2082 and @entity2692 improved @entity548 patterns in Norplant users, but method discontinuation rates were unchanged. One trial reported successful use of combined oral contraceptives in treating @entity2588 among @entity12135 users.Norplant users, but not Implanon users, administered the anti- @entity1871 mifepristone reported fewer days of @entity548 during treatment than those given placebo. Mifepristone used monthly by new Norplant acceptors reduced @entity548 , when compared to placebo.A variety of NSAIDS have been evaluated for their ability to treat @entity548 , with mixed results.Norplant users receiving SERM ( @entity440 ) had less unacceptable @entity548 after treatment and were more likely to continue using Norplant than those receiving placebo. @entity927 , @entity3927 combined with an @entity172 and @entity3403 were more effective than placebo in terminating an episode of @entity548 in @entity1 using @entity1871 -only contraceptives, according to three small studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Some @entity1 may benefit from the interventions described, particularly with cessation of current @entity548 . Several regimens offer promise in regulating @entity548 , but findings need to be reproduced in larger trials. The results of this review do not support routine clinical use of any of the regimens included in the trials, particularly for long-term effect.

title: Treatment of @entity3556 irregularities induced by XXXX only contraceptives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal upset']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['Tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1871 :: (CHEBI:59826,Chemical) :: ['progestin']


abstract: Seventy-five @entity249 @entity1 and twenty-five in whom displacement of an intrauterine device (IUD) had occurred were examined under general anesthesia. The Storz 4-mm hysteroscope was utilized. In all cases Hyskon, high-molecular weight dextran, was used as the distention medium. Concurrent laparoscopy was performed in 80 @entity1 . The hysteroscopic findings were compared with preoperative salpingograms or pelvic x-radiographs. In the @entity249 group the technique proved to be of special value in locating intrauterine adhesions which had not been detected radiologically. In the "lost IUD" group, hysteroscopy proved to be superior to radiography in determining whether or not a device was located within the uterine cavity, and greatly facilitated removal. Failure to carry out the procedure occurred in four @entity1 . One suffered a serious complication: anaphylaxis to the dextran. It was concluded that hysteroscopy is a simple procedure carrying little risk. It is superior to hysterosalpingography in detecting intrauterine disease which may be a cause of @entity249 . It is greatly superior to radiology for the detection of lost IUDs.

title: Hysteroscopy in 100 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The study aimed to compare the reported oncological outcomes based on satisfactory lymph node dissection (LND) or @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), systemic and loco-regional recurrence rate and long-term survival rate of @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy or thoracotomy lobectomy. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and OVID-EBMR databases ranging from 1990 to 2011. The studies compared VATS and thoracotomy for @entity1 with @entity1149 , with results including LND or @entity1600 where recurrence as well as survival rates were identified. Data were abstracted by two reviewers independently. Mean difference or risk ratio (RR) were pooled using RevMan 5.0 statistical software. 5389 cases were included, of which 2380 underwent VATS and 3009 underwent thoracotomy. There was no significant difference in the number of total LND or @entity1600 procedures ( @entity601 : -0.63; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): -1.47 to 0.21; P = 0.14) or mediastinal LND or @entity1600 ( @entity601 : -0.51; 95% CI: -1.58 to 0.56; P = 0.35) between the two groups. Systemic (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.78; P < 0.01) and loco-regional (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.95; P = 0.03) recurrence rates were significantly lower in the VATS group. Moreover, a significantly higher survival rate (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.15; P < 0.01) was also demonstrated by a Forest plot in the VATS group. These results suggest that VATS lobectomy might be an eligible alternative in place of thoracotomy in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 by reducing recurrence and improving survival rates.

title: Is video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy better than thoracotomy for early-stage XXXX ? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LNS', 'lymph node sampling']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Gut-derived endotoxin is a critical factor in the development and progression of @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ). Probiotics can treat @entity167 -induced @entity99 associated with gut @entity5082 and @entity5694 in animal models, as well as in @entity1 @entity5881 ; however, the mechanism or mechanisms of their beneficial action are not well defined. We hypothesized that @entity167 impairs the adaptive response-induced @entity519 -inducible factor (HIF) and that probiotic supplementation could attenuate this impairment, restoring barrier function in a @entity19 model of @entity5881 by increasing HIF-responsive proteins (eg, @entity28841 ) and reversing established @entity5881 . C57BJ/6 @entity19 were fed the Lieber DeCarli diet containing 5% @entity167 for 8 weeks. Animals received @entity1905 (LGG) supplementation in the last 2 weeks. LGG supplementation significantly reduced @entity167 -induced @entity5694 and @entity1560 and improved liver function. LGG restored @entity167 -induced reduction of HIF-2a and @entity28841 levels. In vitro studies using the Caco-2 cell culture model showed that the addition of LGG supernatant prevented @entity167 -induced epithelial monolayer @entity409 . Furthermore, gene silencing of HIF-1a/2a abolished the LGG effects, indicating that the protective effect of LGG is HIF-dependent. The present study provides a mechanistic insight for utilization of probiotics for the treatment of @entity5881 , and suggests a critical role for intestinal @entity519 and decreased trefoil factor in the development of @entity5881 .

title: @entity1905 treatment potentiates intestinal @entity519 -inducible factor, promotes intestinal integrity and ameliorates XXXX -induced @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['barrier dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5082 :: ('MESH:C535298', 'Disease') :: ['leakiness']

entities_list: @entity28841 :: ('21786(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['intestinal trefoil factor']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1905 :: ('568703', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Explicit and implicit learning and memory networks exist where each network can facilitate or inhibit cognition. Clinical evidence suggests that implicit networks are relatively preserved after @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Non-spatial pre-training (NSPT) in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) provides the necessary behavioral components to complete the task, while limiting the formation of spatial maps. Our study utilized NSPT in the MWM to assess implicit and explicit @entity4207 in the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of @entity131 . 76 adult male @entity35 were divided: CCI vs. sham surgery, NSPT vs. No-NSPT, and cued vs. non-cued groups. NSPT occurred for 4d prior to surgery (dynamic hidden platform location, extra-maze cues covered, static pool entry point). Acquisition (d14-18), Probe/Visible Platform (d19), and Reversal (d20-21) trials were conducted with or without extra-maze cues. Novel time allocation and search strategy selection metrics were utilized. Results indicated implicit and explicit learning/memory networks are distinguishable in the MWM. In the cued condition, NSPT reduced thigmotaxis, improved place learning, and largely eliminated the apparent injury-induced deficits typically observed between untrained CCI and sham @entity35 . However, among NSPT groups, incorporation of cues into search strategy selection for CCI @entity35 was relatively impaired compared to shams. Non-cued condition performance showed sham/NSPT and CCI/NSPT @entity35 perform similarly, suggesting implicit memory networks are largely intact 2weeks after CCI. Place learning differences between CCI/NSPT and sham/NSPT @entity35 more accurately reflect @entity51 in our CCI model compared to untrained controls. These data suggest NSPT as a clinically relevant construct for evaluating potential neurorestorative and neuroprotective therapies. These findings also support development of non-spatial cognitive training paradigms for evaluating rehabilitation relevant combination therapies.

title: Non-spatial pre-training in the water maze as a clinically relevant model for evaluating learning and memory in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['spatial deficits']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning and memory system deficits']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['TBI']


abstract: @entity355 (i.e. columnar epithelial metaplasia in the distal esophagus) is an acquired condition that in most @entity1 results from chronic @entity354 . It is a disorder of the white male in the Western world with a prevalence of about 1/400 population. Due to the decreased sensitivity of the columnar epithelium to symptoms, @entity355 remains undiagnosed in the majority of @entity1 . @entity354 in @entity1 with @entity355 has a more severe character and is more frequently associated with complications as compared with reflux @entity1 without columnar mucosa. This appears to be due to a combination of a mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter, inefficient esophageal clearance function, and gastric acid hypersecretion. Excessive reflux of alkaline duodenal contents may be responsible for the development of complications (i.e., stricture, @entity1066 , and @entity1141 ). Therapy of benign @entity355 is directed towards treatment of the underlying @entity354 . @entity355 is associated with a 30- to 125-fold increased risk for @entity7145 . The reasons for the dramatic rise in the incidence of @entity420 , which occurred during the past years, are unknown. High @entity816 in a @entity1 with columnar mucosa is an ominous sign for @entity528 . Whether an esophagectomy should be performed in @entity1 with high @entity816 remains controversial. Complete resection of the @entity5 and its lymphatic drainage is the procedure of choice in all @entity1 with a resectable @entity189 who are fit for surgery. In @entity1 with @entity5 located in the distal esophagus, this can be achieved by a transhiatal en-bloc esophagectomy and proximal gastrectomy. Early @entity420 can be cured by this approach. The value of multimodality therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 needs to be shown in randomized prospective trials.

title: XXXX : pathogenesis, epidemiology, functional abnormalities, @entity528 , and surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'Gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['malignant degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: There is a paucity of studies acknowledging the existence of alternative food sources, and factors associated with food purchasing from three common alternative sources: vendedores (mobile food vendors), pulgas (flea markets), and vecinos/amigos (neighbors/friends). This analysis aims to examine the use of alternative food sources by Mexican-origin @entity1 from @entity8668 and determine factors associated with their use. The design was cross-sectional. Promotora-researchers (promotoras de salud trained in research methods) recruited 610 Mexican-origin @entity1 from 44 colonias and conducted in- @entity1 surveys. Surveys included @entity1 characteristics and measures of food environment use and household food security. Statistical analyses included separate logistic regressions, modeled for food purchase from mobile food vendors, pulgas, or neighbors/friends. @entity1 food insecurity was associated with purchasing food from mobile food vendors, while household food security was associated with using pulgas or neighbors/friends. School nutrition program @entity1 were more likely to live in households that depend on alternative food sources. Efforts to increase healthful food consumption such as fruits and vegetables should acknowledge all potential food sources (traditional, convenience, nontraditional, and alternative), especially those preferred by colonia residents. Current findings support the conceptual broadening of the retail food environment, and the importance of linking use with spatial access (proximity) to more accurately depict access to food sources.

title: Use of vendedores (mobile food vendors), pulgas (flea markets), and vecinos o amigos (neighbors or friends) as alternative sources of food for purchase among Mexican-origin households in Texas XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'women', 'participant', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['Texas-border colonias']

answer: @entity8668 :: (MESH:D001882,Disease) :: ['border colonias']


abstract: We have developed a recombinant adenovirus vaccine encoding @entity27828 (rHuAd5-hDCT) that produces robust DCT-specific immunity, but only provides modest suppression of @entity19 @entity320 . In the current study, an agonist antibody against @entity31175 was shown to enhance rHuAd5-hDCT efficacy and evoke @entity5 regression, but most @entity5 ultimately relapsed. The vaccine triggered upregulation of the immune inhibitory PD-1 signaling pathway and PD-1 blockade dramatically enhanced the rHuAd5-hDCT + anti- @entity31175 strategy, resulting in complete regression of growing @entity5 in > 70% of recipients. The impact of the combined anti- @entity31175 /anti-PD-1 treatment did not manifest as a dramatic enhancement in either the magnitude or functionality of DCT-specific @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes relative to either treatment alone. Rather, a synergistic enhancement in intratumoral cytokine expression was observed, suggesting that the benefit of the combined therapy was a local event within the @entity5 . Global transcriptional analysis revealed immunological changes within the @entity5 following the curative vaccination, which extended beyond the T cell compartment. We identified an immune signature of 85 genes associated with clearance of @entity19 @entity320 that correlated with improved survival outcome in two independent cohorts of @entity1 @entity320 @entity1 . Our data reinforce the concept that successful vaccination must overcome local hurdles in the @entity5 microenvironment that are not manifest within the periphery. Further, @entity5 rejection following vaccination involves more than simply T cells. Finally, the association of our immune signature with positive survival outcome in @entity1 @entity320 @entity1 suggests that similar vaccination strategies may be promising for @entity320 treatment.

title: Combined vaccination and immunostimulatory antibodies provides durable cure of @entity19 @entity320 and induces transcriptional changes associated with positive outcome in @entity1 @entity320 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity27828 :: ('13190(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['dopachrome tautomerase']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) is a manufacturing technique which enables the final product to be made directly and rapidly, without tooling or additional machining. For biomedical applications, @entity2798 permits the fabrication of implants and scaffolds with complex geometry accurately and economically. In this study, @entity692 -reinforced @entity691 and @entity8607 composites were fabricated using @entity2798 . The @entity2798 samples were characterized in terms of their internal structure, morphology, and porosity. The mechanical properties were examined by dynamic mechanical analysis. The effects of @entity2798 processing conditions, including particle size and laser power, were investigated, and the results were compared with conventional compression-molded and machined specimens. The internal structure of sintered samples was porous, with open interconnected pores, and the pore size was up to 200 microm. Particle size and laser energy play a key role in the final density and mechanical properties of the sintered components. In the parameter range used, the use of smaller particles produced higher density and stiffness, and the laser-induced energy could also be varied to optimize the manufacturing process. This study demonstrated that high-HA-content reinforced polymer composite can be successfully manufactured by @entity2798 with controlled porosity features.

title: Characterization and dynamic mechanical analysis of selective laser sintered XXXX -filled polymeric composites.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity8607 :: ('CHEBI:61445', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamide']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['Selective laser sintering', 'SLS']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Standing sedation was provided for 14 clinical procedures in three African elephants ( @entity16870 ) managed by combined protected and modified-protected contact and trained through operant conditioning. An initial hand-injection of @entity4931 and @entity12691 at a ratio of 1:1 on a microg:microg basis was administered intramuscularly, with a dosage range of 50-70 mg (12.9-19.7 microg/kg) for each drug. The initial injection resulted in adequate sedation for initiation and completion of eight procedures, whereas supplemental doses were required for the remaining procedures. The dosage range for the supplemental injections of each drug was 4.0-7.3 microg/kg. Initial effect was noted within 3.0-25 min (mean = 11.6 min, SD +/- 5.9 min), with maximal effect occurring at 25-30 min for those procedures not requiring supplementation. In all but one procedure, this effect was maintained until the end of the procedure, which ranged from 47 to 98 min (mean = 74.7 min, SD +/- 18.8 min). No @entity1576 was appreciated. Recovery after administration of reversal agents was rapid and complete, ranging from 2 to 20 min (mean = 9.0 min, SD +/- 7.0 min). On the basis of the authors' experience, recommended dosage ranges for reversal agents would be intravenous @entity3160 (73.4-98.5 microg/kg), intravenous @entity836 (48.9-98.5 microg/kg), and intramuscular @entity836 (73.4-98.5 microg/kg). Approximately one-third to one-half of the total @entity836 dose should be administered intravenously. Mild adverse side effects limited to the gastrointestinal tract were observed in association with five procedures including abdominal distention with or without transient @entity448 . Administration of reversal agents, encouraging exercise and water consumption, and administration of @entity3259 meglumine were helpful in the resolution of signs. In addition to gastrointestinal signs, slight @entity2055 was observed before initiation of surgical stimulation during one procedure in which 19.7 microg/kg of each drug was administered. On the basis of the procedures that did not require supplementation to initiate treatment and taking into consideration the potential for @entity2055 at higher doses, a starting dosage range of 14.7-16.2 microg/kg of both @entity4931 and @entity12691 in a ratio of 1:1 on a microg:microg basis administered i.m. simultaneously is recommended.

title: Standing sedation in African elephants ( @entity16870 ) using @entity4931 - XXXX combinations.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol', 'butorphanol tartrate']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity4931 :: ('MESH:C041255', 'Chemical') :: ['detomidine', 'detomidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity16870 :: ('9785', 'Species') :: ['Loxodonta africana']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac or respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity3259 :: ('MESH:C014557', 'Chemical') :: ['flunixin']

answer: @entity12691 :: (MESH:D002077,Chemical) :: ['butorphanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the subjective cure rates in a group of @entity1 who had undergone delayed/secondary anal sphincteroplasty and in a subgroup of @entity1 to compare the integrity of the anal sphincteric complex as evaluated by physical examination and vaginal probe anal sonography with subjective cure rates of @entity1241 . STUDY DESIGN: The charts of all @entity1 who underwent delayed anal sphincteroplasty from 1991 to 1995 were reviewed for demographics and perioperative information. Available @entity1 underwent interview, physical examination and vaginal probe anal sonography. Paired t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the data. RESULTS: The mean age of the 16 @entity1 prior to sphincteroplasty was 35 years (SD +/- 12) and mean parity 2 (SD +/- 1.8). In 94%, @entity1241 was @entity13415 and in one was secondary to rape. Anal sphincteroplasty was accomplished using the overlapping technique in seven (44%) and utilizing the end-to-end technique in the remainder; all @entity1 also underwent posterior colpoperineorrhaphy. Information on postoperative symptomatology was available from 10 @entity1 (63%). Subjectively 4 were cured (40%), 4 were improved (40%), and 2 were unimproved (20%). Of these 10 @entity1 , seven agreed to undergo postoperative physical examinations; 5 (71%) had intact external sphincters, and 2 (29%) did not. On vaginal probe anal sonography, the external and internal sphincters were intact in six (86%) and five (71%), respectively. There was no correlation between @entity1 ' symptoms and the integrity of the sphincter as noted on physical or sonographic evaluation (P > .05). Physical examination accurately identified sphincteric anatomy in six of seven (86%) when compared to sonographic examination. CONCLUSION: Subjective success (cured or improved) of anal sphincteroplasty in this series was 80%). We found no correlation between symptomatic relief and anal sphincter integrity as evaluated by physical and sonographic examination.

title: Surgical repair of XXXX . Correlation of sonographic anal sphincter integrity with subjective cure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity13415 :: ('MESH:D020969', 'Disease') :: ['attributed to obstetric trauma']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: The effect of contact pressure on acoustic myographic (AMG) recordings was examined during voluntary isometric contractions of the @entity1 quadriceps muscle in 20 normal males. A piezoelectric disk for recording muscle sounds was placed over rectus femoris at approximately mid-thigh and secured with a rubber electromyography (EMG) @entity10874 . Contact pressure was monitored by a load cell placed between the AMG device and the @entity10874 . With the subject seated, force at different percentage levels of maximum @entity2472 (MVC) were held for 5 s each. Both AMG and EMG recordings were full-wave rectified and integrated (IAMG and IEMG) and expressed as a percentage of activity at MVC. Two contraction series were performed with 2 different contact pressures. Pressure 1 (P1), of 180 Pa was applied in all subjects. A higher pressure of either 790 Pa (P2; in 5 subjects) or 1200 Pa (P3; in 15 subjects) was also applied. No significant changes in IAMG activity (P > 0.1) occurred between @entity3881 but P3 produced increases in IAMG at all force levels (P < 0.05 at 10, 50 and 75% MVC). Both linear and non-linear relationships between force and IAMG were observed in different subjects but the relationship also varied with the 2 contact pressures within some subjects. The force/IEMG relationship was linear in all cases. These results provide quantitative evidence that contact pressure can influence the degree of IAMG activity if the pressure is high enough. The change in the force/IAMG relationship with pressure in some subjects suggests that the different relationships observed are not determined by physiological differences between subjects but rather by technical factors.

title: Technical aspects of acoustic myography (AMG) of XXXX skeletal muscle: contact pressure and force/AMG relationships.

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumors involving the inferior vena cava and cardiac cavities are rare in @entity3969 . When they do occur, the standard treatment is primary surgery; but this is often technically difficult. CASE REPORT: A 3 year-7-month-old @entity1 was admitted because of an abdominal mass and signs of @entity712 . Ultrasonography showed that this mass involved the right renal vein and the inferior vena cava including the right atrium. A CT scan showed no metastases. Echocardiography showed that the mass occupied two thirds of the right atrium and had blocked the tricuspid valve. The @entity1 was given heparin (2 mg/kg/day), @entity1891 (1.5 mg/m2 on day 1) and @entity4316 (15 micrograms/kg on day 1 to 3). The @entity712 disappeared and the abdominal mass decreased in volume. This improvement was confirmed by successive ultrasonographies. Chemotherapy was then completed and the @entity1 was operated on six weeks later: right nephrectomy and removal of the cavoatrial tumoral thrombus. Pathological examination confirmed the @entity3969 and the @entity1 was given radiotherapy and chemotherapy for 28 weeks. She was also given @entity117 for 17 weeks. Pulmonary metastases were detected 1 year after onset and were treated by a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. The @entity1 is well 20 months after the onset of the disease. CONCLUSION: Preoperative chemotherapy seems to be effective in @entity3969 extending to cardiac cavities; it allows subsequent surgery and facilitates postoperative radiotherapy.

title: [Rapid efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy in XXXX involving cardiac cavities].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['nephroblastoma']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['nephroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interim @entity419 PET helps predict outcome and tailor treatment in adults with @entity978 ( @entity978 ). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess predictive values of interim @entity419 PET/CT in @entity1 with @entity978 and to define the potential added value to interim PET of low-dose CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were prospectively enrolled August 2002-April 2007. PET/low-dose CT was performed at staging, after 2  cycles, at the end of treatment and during follow-up (mean 45  months). Treatment was unchanged regardless of interim results. PET and low-dose CT were read independently. RESULTS: Of 34 enrolled @entity1 (ages 3-17  years), 27 achieved complete response, 4 had progressive disease and 3 had relapse. Interim PET alone had positive and negative predictive values of 67% and 89%, respectively. Interim low-dose CT alone had positive and negative predictive values of 35% and 100%, respectively. Interim PET/CT had positive and negative predictive values of 75% and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Early interim PET/CT was a good predictor of outcome. Integrated PET and low-dose CT improved the predictive value in @entity1 with @entity978 .

title: Early interim FDG PET/CT prediction of treatment response and prognosis in pediatric XXXX -added value of low-dose CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin disease']


abstract: In controlled trials, long-term treatment of @entity1 with @entity712 with beta-blockers improves symptoms, slows progression of disease, and reduces morbidity and mortality rates. However, in some @entity1 the introduction of therapy can be associated with a period of clinical instability, including risks of @entity6112 , @entity551 , and @entity1168 . Appropriate @entity1 selection and optimization of background therapy can minimize the risk during the introduction of therapy. With vigilance for early signs of clinical deterioration and appropriate adjustment of background medications, the care of most @entity1 exhibiting clinical instability can be successfully managed so the @entity1 is able to continue with the long-term therapy, a prerequisite to realizing beneficial effects. With the initiation of @entity1405 , any evidence of @entity6112 warrants a prompt increase in the diuretic dosage, and in more pronounced cases the @entity1405 dose may need to be reduced or interrupted. In contrast, symptoms of @entity551 (most commonly dizziness) generally resolve without intervention, although persistent problems may necessitate adjusting the timing of dose administration or perhaps temporarily reducing the dose of vasodilators or diuretics (the latter with care to avoid @entity6112 ). @entity1168 should be managed as standard practice would indicate. During long-term treatment, adjustments in beta-blocker dosage may be required in the event of an exacerbation of @entity712 . Dosages should be adjusted as would be the case with other @entity712 medications, based on the severity of the clinical decompensation, but with care to minimize abrupt changes unless mandated by the @entity1 's condition and to avoid precipitating @entity63 or further deterioration. The occurrence of effects such as these does not necessarily indicate that a @entity1 cannot respond favorably to long-term beta-blockade, but all require understanding, vigilance, and the availability of medical personnel, especially during the introduction of this therapy.

title: Use of XXXX in @entity712 : challenges in therapeutic management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart-failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['fluid retention']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia', 'Bradycardia']

answer: @entity1405 :: (MESH:C043211,Chemical) :: ['carvedilol']


abstract: @entity4676 ( @entity4676 ) is characterised by stereotyped involuntary movements, called @entity1775 . Some evidence suggests that structural and functional abnormalities of the basal ganglia may explain these motor symptoms. In this study, the probabilistic classification learning (PCL) test was used to evaluate basal ganglia functions in 10 @entity1 with less severe @entity1775 (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scores<30) and in 10 @entity1 with more severe symptoms (YGTSS score>30). In the PCL task, @entity1 are asked to decide whether different combinations of four geometric forms (cues) predict rainy or sunny weather. Each cue is probabilistically related to a weather outcome, and feedback is provided after each decision. After completion of the probabilistic stimulus-response learning procedure, subjects received a transfer test to assess explicit knowledge about the cues. The @entity1 with @entity4676 exhibited impaired learning in the PCL task in comparison with the 20 healthy control subjects. This impairment was more pronounced in the @entity4676 @entity1 with severe symptoms, and there was a significant negative relationship between the final classification performance and the YGTSS scores. The @entity1 showed normal learning in the transfer test. These results suggest that the neostriatal habit learning system, which may play a central role in the acquisition of probabilistic associations, is dysfunctional in @entity4676 , especially in the case of more severe motor symptoms. The classification performance and the severity of @entity1775 were independent of the explicit knowledge obtained during the test.

title: Probabilistic classification learning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette syndrome']


abstract: Although epidemiological data associate @entity101 with a strong predisposition to develop @entity195 , no mechanistic explanation exists so far. We developed a model of @entity101 , obtained by transverse aortic constriction, leading to alterations typical of @entity195 , such as amyloid plaques, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and @entity73 , shown here for the first time. The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanisms involved in @entity195 of @entity101 @entity19 . We focused on receptor for advanced glycation end products ( @entity16170 ) that critically regulates Ab transport at the blood-brain barrier and could be influenced by vascular factors. The @entity101 challenge had an early and sustained effect on @entity16170 upregulation in brain vessels of the cortex and hippocampus. Interestingly, @entity16170 inhibition protected from @entity101 -induced @entity195 , as showed by rescue from @entity73 and parenchymal Ab deposition. The increased @entity16170 expression in transverse @entity1498 @entity19 was induced by increased circulating advanced glycation end products and sustained by their later deposition in brain vessels. Interestingly, a daily treatment with an advanced glycation end product inhibitor or antioxidant prevented the development of @entity195 . So far, @entity195 in experimental animal models has been recognized using only @entity19 overexpressing amyloid precursor. This is the first study demonstrating that a chronic vascular insult can activate brain vascular @entity16170 , favoring parenchymal Ab deposition and the onset of @entity73 . Overall we demonstrate that @entity16170 activation in brain vessels is a crucial pathogenetic event in @entity101 -induced @entity195 , suggesting that inhibiting this target can limit the onset of vascular-related @entity195 .

title: XXXX induces brain b-amyloid accumulation, @entity73 , and memory deterioration through activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products in brain vasculature.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer traits', 'Alzheimer pathology', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: : The purpose of this randomized study was to evaluate the effect on graft patency by adding @entity1397 to @entity117 in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting and the possible side effects of such therapy. METHODS: : Twenty @entity1 who underwent standard OPCAB through median sternotomy were randomized immediately after surgery in two groups. @entity1 in group A (n = 10) received 100 mg of @entity117 starting preoperatively, continuing indefinitely. @entity1 in group B received 100 mg of @entity117 and, in addition, 75 mg of @entity1397 starting immediately after the operation and for 3 months. @entity86 and other perioperative parameters were compared. Angiography was repeated 3 months after surgery to determine the patency and quality of grafts. RESULTS: : Preoperative risk factors were similar in the two groups. There was no significant difference in average number of distal @entity254 (P = 0.572), operation time (P = 0.686), @entity86 (P = 0.256), ventilation time (P = 0.635), and intensive care unit stay (P = 0.065). Length of stay was shorter in group B (P = 0.024). There was no postoperative complication in either groups. Eight of 27 grafts in group A and 2 of 29 grafts in group B (P = 0.037) were occluded at the time of control angiography. CONCLUSIONS: : Early administration of a combined regimen of @entity1397 and @entity117 after OPCAB grafting is not associated with @entity86 or other major complications. Despite the small number of @entity1 in this study and small number of examined grafts, the results suggest that the addition of @entity1397 may increase graft patency after OPCAB grafting.

title: The effect of combined XXXX and @entity117 therapy after off-pump coronary surgery: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['increased postoperative bleeding', 'Postoperative bleeding', 'postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: Community-based @entity791 service organizations (CBAOs) direct services to multiple-needs @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 who are less likely to use mainstream health promotion services. As @entity1 live longer with @entity645 , the potential to enhance quality of life increases, yet little is known about who uses CBAOs or how this use affects other health and social services. This study of @entity1 living with @entity791 in Ontario, Canada (n = 297) examined the demographic and health-related characteristics of @entity1 with @entity791 who do and do not use CBAOs and their patterns of mainstream service utilization. It found that users of CBAOs were significantly less healthy, less able to sustain normal activities, and more often depressed. They reported physical disabilities significantly more often. Their quality of life was also lower along certain dimensions. They were significantly poorer and more reliant on government income supports. They consumed significantly more nonhospital health and social services and had significantly higher out-of-pocket costs. These results suggest CBAOs are being accessed appropriately by those most vulnerable. In an effort to strengthen CBAO capacity to recognize and address @entity308 and physical health problems prevalent among their clients, links to other mainstream health promotion and social services is recommended.

title: Characteristics of @entity1 living with XXXX who use community-based services in Ontario, Canada: implications for service providers.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']