abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity62622 ( @entity62622 ) is a six-transmembrane protein that cleaves glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors to regulate GPI-anchored protein activity at the cell surface. In the developing spinal cord, @entity62622 utilizes its enzymatic function to regulate the production of specific classes of motor neurons and interneurons; however, @entity62622 's roles beyond embryonic neurogenesis have yet to be defined. METHOD: Using a panel of histological, immunohistochemical, electrophysiological, behavioral, and biochemistry techniques, we characterized the postnatal @entity62622 (-/-) @entity19 for evidence of @entity179 . A conditional deletion of @entity62622 was used to study the temporal requirements for @entity62622 in neuronal survival. Biochemical approaches identified deficits in the processing of GPI-anchored @entity62622 substrates in the @entity182 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 model of @entity7104 that shows robust motor @entity528 . RESULTS: Here we show that @entity62622 expression continues postnatally, and adult @entity19 lacking @entity62622 exhibit a slow, progressive @entity528 with pathologies similar to @entity1 @entity179 . Early phenotypes include vacuolization, microgliosis, cytoskeletal accumulation, and lipofuscin deposition followed by astrogliosis and cell death. Remaining motor neurons exhibit peripheral motor unit restructuring causing @entity146 . Genetic ablation of @entity62622 after embryonic neurogenesis is complete still elicits degenerative pathology, signifying that @entity62622 's requirement for neuronal survival is distinct from its involvement in neuronal differentiation. Unbiased screens identify impaired processing of Glypican 4 and 6 in @entity62622 null animals, and Glypican release is markedly reduced in @entity182 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies a novel function for @entity62622 in neuronal survival and implicates deregulated GPI-anchored protein activity in pathways mediating @entity179 . These findings provide new molecular insight for neuropathologies found in multiple disease settings, and raise the possibility of @entity62622 hypofunctionality as a component of @entity179 .

title: GDE2 is essential for neuronal survival in the postnatal XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative neuropathology', 'neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity62622 :: ('233552(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GDE2', 'Gde2', 'Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron degeneration', 'neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7104 :: ('MESH:C531617', 'Disease') :: ['familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Background. Information about the unmet supportive care needs of haematological @entity5 @entity1 is needed for service planning and to inform clinical practice. This study described the prevalence of, and factors associated with, unmet supportive care needs among haematological @entity5 @entity1 . Material and methods. A total of 380 adults diagnosed with haematological @entity5 were recruited from the outpatient department at three comprehensive @entity5 treatment centres in Australia. Of these, 311 completed a self-report questionnaire. Unmet needs were assessed using the 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34). The data were examined using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results. Overall, 51% (95% CI 45-57%) of @entity1 reported having at least one 'moderate to high' level unmet need, while 25% (95% CI 20-30%) reported 'no need' for help with any items. Unmet needs were most commonly reported in the psychological (35%; 95% CI 30-41%) and physical aspects of daily living (35%; 95% CI 30-41%) domains. The three most frequently endorsed items of 'moderate to high' unmet need were: lack of energy/tiredness (24%; 95% CI 20-30%), not being able to do the things you used to do (21%; 95% CI 17-26%), and uncertainty about the future (21%; 95% CI 16-25%). @entity1 ' sociodemographic characteristics influenced unmet needs more than disease characteristics. @entity1 who were female, aged less than 55 years or not in the labour force had higher odds of reporting 'moderate to high' level unmet supportive care needs. Conclusion. Unmet supportive care needs are prevalent among haematological @entity5 @entity1 , particularly in the psychological and physical aspects of daily living domains. These findings provide valuable insight about the range of resources, multidisciplinary linkages and referral pathways needed to address haematological @entity5 @entity1 ' unmet needs.

title: Prevalence and correlates of the unmet supportive care needs of individuals diagnosed with a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['haematological malignancy']


abstract: Most US insurance companies require @entity1 to participate in a medically supervised @entity353 regimen prior to bariatric surgery. However, the utility of this requirement has not been documented. Data was collected from 94 bariatric surgery @entity1 who were required, and 59 @entity1 who were not required, by their insurance company to participate in a presurgical @entity353 regimen. Weight change in the required group, as well as group differences in weight change, was examined from 3 and 6 months presurgery to 1 week presurgery, and from 1 week presurgery to 3 months postsurgery. Weight change presurgery was then used to predict @entity353 postsurgery. In the 6 months prior to surgery, required @entity1 gained 3.7 kg +/- 5.9 (s.d.) (P < 0.0005), which did not differ from nonrequired @entity1 . From surgery to 3 months postsurgery, required @entity1 lost 23.6 +/- 8 kg (P < 0.0005), also without differing from nonrequired @entity1 . @entity1 who gained more weight prior to surgery, lost more weight postsurgery (P = 0.001), while controlling for initial weight. Findings suggest that the common @entity353 regimen requirements of US insurance carriers were ineffective in producing presurgical @entity353 in this sample. Most @entity1 (>70%) in this sample gained weight prior to surgery, potentially taking advantage of final opportunities to overindulge in preferred foods. Required @entity1 fared no better in terms of weight change postsurgically and, surprisingly, presurgical @entity1017 predicted better postsurgical @entity353 outcome. Several potential explanations for this finding are offered.

title: Effectiveness of a prebariatric surgery insurance-required XXXX regimen and relation to postsurgical @entity353 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: Roots were collected from the seedlings inoculated with pathogen @entity23696 after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for total RNA extraction. The cDNAs from the inoculated seedlings were used as the tester and those from the control seedlings as the driver. SSH method was employed to find the differently expressed cDNAs responding to the pathogen. T/A clone library was constructed containing 534 clones. The cDNA inserts were amplified from the bacterial clones directly with M13 primers by PCR. The size of the products ranged 0.2 - 1.2 kb with an average size of 0.5 kb. The SSH products were dotted on nylon filters, and the positive clones were screened by virtual Northern blotting with probes of the two kinds of initiative cDNAs. Totally 78 clones which were up-regulated and putatively involved in the defense response of @entity27644 were identified and sequenced. Sequence similarity searches were performed with the Blastn and Blastx. Most of them showed high or partial homology to genes or ESTs induced by different stresses in @entity958 and other species,such as the pathogenesis-related 10 family of G. hirsumtum and disease resistance-responsive family protein in @entity958 . The results would be helpful to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease response in @entity2708 .

title: [Construction and analysis of SSH library of @entity27644 upon infection with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity23696 :: ('27337', 'Species') :: ['Verticillium dahliae']

answer: @entity23696 :: (27337,Species) :: ['Verticillium dahliae']


abstract: Our randomised study in parallel groups, double-blind double placebo, has compared the efficacy, onset of action and safety of @entity9691 and @entity14746 in @entity14687 . Over a fourteen day period, @entity1 of the first group received a tablet containing 120 mg of @entity9691 , those of the second group a tablet containing 10 mg of @entity14746 . Symptoms were assessed every two hour period for the ten first hours on the first day (D1), and before and at the end of the study by the investigators. 193 @entity1 were included by 48 dermatologists between May 1989 and July 1990. Both groups were well matched for all general characteristics and baseline symptoms scores. The onset and the intensity of regression of symptoms ( @entity111 , erythema and discomfort during sleeping time) were similar in both treatment groups public physicians: improvement of @entity111 in over 90% of the @entity1 . Meanwhile the tolerability was good or excellent for dermatologists and allergologists for 92% of the @entity1 under @entity9691 against 81% of the @entity1 under @entity14746 (p < 0.05). Adverse events ( @entity1295 and drowsiness) were significantly reported less frequently (p < 0.05) in @entity1 on @entity9691 (19%) than on @entity14746 (33%). This study confirms the efficacy of @entity9691 compared with @entity14746 in the treatment of @entity14687 . Adverse events were less significant for @entity9691 (n = 18) than for @entity14746 (n = 29) (p < 0.05).

title: [Double-blind comparative study of @entity9691 and @entity14746 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14687 :: ('MESH:D007566', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity14746 :: ('MESH:D017332', 'Chemical') :: ['cetirizine']

answer: @entity14687 :: (MESH:D007566,Disease) :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 , @entity51 that are present from the time of the operation through 6 months postoperatively are considered permanent and represent organic brain damage related to the operation. We hypothesized that changes in our surgical method would reduce persistent deficits. METHODS: From 1999 to 2004, consenting @entity453 @entity1 were randomly assigned to multiple aortic cross-clamp or single aortic cross-clamp technique. An additional contemporary group of @entity1 treated with off-pump @entity453 was studied. All @entity1 underwent an 11-part neuropsychologic examination preoperatively, and at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively. One hundred seven @entity1 with no postoperative @entity51 had neuropsychologic examinations at all four testing periods. RESULTS: Off-pump @entity453 @entity1 were significantly younger (60 +/- 11 years) than multiple aortic cross-clamp (66 +/- 8 years) and single aortic cross-clamp (64 +/- 9 years; p < 0.05) @entity1 . At 6 months, 26% of 27 multiple aortic cross-clamp @entity1 had @entity51 , 27% of 26 off-pump @entity453 @entity1 had @entity51 , and only 9% of 54 single aortic cross-clamp @entity1 had @entity51 (p = 0.067 versus multiple aortic cross-clamp and off-pump @entity453 ). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that surgical technique is very important in determining cognitive outcome after @entity453 . Cardiopulmonary bypass is not the most important factor in determining outcome and when carefully performed with single cross-clamp and minimal aortic manipulation is equal or may be superior to off-pump operation. We suspect that mild @entity2332 in on-pump surgery is additionally neuroprotective, a factor that should be taken into account when planning an operation.

title: Coronary artery bypass grafting with single cross-clamp results in fewer persistent XXXX than multiple clamp or off-pump @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery bypass grafting', 'CABG']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological deficits', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neuropsychological deficits']


abstract: @entity13785 is a severe form of @entity3986 due to glycogen accumulation in all tissues, especially striated muscle. Disease severity is directly related to the deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase ( @entity21796 ), which degrades glycogen in the lysosome. @entity1576 is a hallmark of the disease, @entity425 has been viewed as the underlying cause, and the possibility of an associated neural contribution has not been evaluated previously. Therefore, we examined behavioral and neurophysiological aspects of breathing in 2 animal models of @entity13785 --the @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 and a transgenic line (MTP) expressing @entity21796 only in skeletal muscle, as well as a detailed analysis of the CNS in a @entity13785 @entity1 . Glycogen content was elevated in the @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 cervical spinal cord. Retrograde labeling of phrenic motoneurons showed significantly greater soma size in @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 vs. isogenic controls, and glycogen was observed in @entity21796 (-/-) phrenic motoneurons. Ventilation, assessed via plethysmography, was attenuated during quiet breathing and hypercapnic challenge in @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 (6 to >21 months of age) vs. controls. We confirmed that MTP @entity19 had normal diaphragmatic contractile properties; however, MTP @entity19 had ventilation similar to the @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 during quiet breathing. Neurophysiological recordings indicated that efferent phrenic nerve inspiratory burst amplitudes were substantially lower in @entity21796 (-/-) and MTP @entity19 vs. controls. In @entity1 samples, we demonstrated similar pathology in the cervical spinal cord and greater accumulation of glycogen in spinal cord compared with brain. We conclude that neural output to the diaphragm is deficient in @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 , and therapies targeting muscle alone may be ineffective in @entity13785 .

title: Neural deficits contribute to @entity1576 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['Pompe disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory dysfunction']

answer: @entity13785 :: (MESH:D006009,Disease) :: ['Pompe disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a @entity1 -customised nutrition education programme on glycated Hb (HbA1c), blood lipids, blood pressure, BMI and dietary behaviours in @entity1 with @entity6 . DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial. The control group (n 41) received education materials. The intervention group (n 41) received the same education materials and participated in eight weekly (2-2  5 h) group nutrition education sessions and follow-up sessions. Outcomes were assessed at 6 and 12 months. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. ANCOVA compared the groups (adjustments for baseline values, age, sex and clinic). SETTING: Two community health centres, Moretele sub-district (North West Province), South Africa. SUBJECTS: Adults (aged 40-70 years) with @entity164 2 @entity6 , HbA1c >= 8 %. RESULTS: Differences in HbA1c (primary outcome) were -0  64 % (P=0  15) at 6 months and -0  63 % (P=0  16) at 12 months in favour of the intervention group. Starchy-food intake was significantly lower in the intervention group, 9  3 v. 10  8 servings/d (P=0  005) at 6 months and 9  9 v. 11  9 servings/d (P=0  017) at 12 months. Median energy intake was significantly lower in the intervention group at 12 months (5988 v. 6946 kJ/d, P=0  017). No significant group differences in BMI, lipid profile, blood pressure and intakes of macronutrients, vegetables and fruits were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition education was not efficacious on HbA1c; however, it improved specific dietary behaviours. Group education and hands-on activities appeared to contribute to the improvement. Optimal goal setting and self-efficacy training/assessment could benefit future nutrition education programmes for @entity1 with @entity6 in resource-limited settings.

title: Effect of a nutrition education programme on clinical status and dietary behaviours of adults with @entity164 2 XXXX in a resource-limited setting in South Africa: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 is the leading cause of mortality and hospitalization worldwide and the leading cause of potential years of productive life lost. @entity1 with @entity1230 are prevalent, increasing the complexity of @entity130 care and treatment. Better understanding of the nature of @entity130 risk and outcome could lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 1178 @entity130 @entity1 with Injury Severity Score (ISS) >=  9, who were admitted to the Acute and Emergency Care of an acute care hospital between January 2011 and December 2012. The statistical analysis included calculation of percentages and proportions and application of test of significance using Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test where appropriate. RESULTS: Over the study period, 1178 @entity1 were evaluated, 815 (69.2%) males and 363 (30.8%) females. The mean age of @entity1 was 52.08    21.83 (range 5-100) years. Falls (604; 51.3%) and road traffic accidents (465; 39.5%) were the two most common mechanisms of injury. Based on the three most common mechanisms of injury, i.e. fall on the same level, fall from height, and road traffic accident, the head region (484; 45.40%) was the most commonly injured in the body, followed by lower limbs (377; 35.37%) and thorax (299; 28.05%). CONCLUSION: Fall was the leading cause of injury among the elderly population with road traffic injuries being the leading cause among the younger group. There is a need to address the issues of injury control and prevention in these areas.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in an acute care hospital in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of efficacy and safety of @entity10050 in adult @entity1 with @entity3485 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an open label, non-comparative study intravenous infusion of @entity10050 was administered to adult @entity1 with @entity3485 following @entity130 . Efficacy was evaluated by noting changes in the signs and symptoms of @entity3485 while safety was evaluated by recording adverse events. RESULTS: Forty nine @entity1 with mean age 33.67    15.36 years having long bones @entity174 were enrolled. The mean and percentage of @entity190 was 1291.30    168.43 ml and 26.09    3.13% respectively. @entity10050 was given to all @entity1 while other intravenous fluids were required in 44 @entity1 . Baseline heart rate reduced from 100.09    9.13 per minute to 98.45    12.60 and 86    10.10 at one hour (P < 0.05) and at two hours (P < 0.001) respectively. The reduction in heart rate was significant at other time points (<0.001) too. Systolic blood pressure (BP) increased from 79.06    10.22 to 94.27    9.18 mm Hg at one hour and 109.18    6.80 mm Hg at two hours (both one and two hours; P < 0.001). Similarly diastolic BP also increased from 57.79    10.59 to 62.89    9.62 mm Hg at one hour and 69.41    11.59 mm Hg at two hours (both one and two hours; P < 0.001). Rise in blood pressure was consistent till 24 hours. Overall improvement was seen in 97.92% @entity1 . Improvement in pallor, @entity2133 , and skin changes six and 24 hours was observed in 77.08%, 79.17%, 59.57% and 87.50%, 100% and 93.62% @entity1 respectively (all parameters at six and 24 hours P < 0.0001). No @entity1 reported adverse event. CONCLUSION: @entity10050 is safe and effective treatment for correcting @entity1344 in @entity3485 due to @entity130 . Use of @entity10050 resulted in early and significant improvement in hemodynamic parameters.

title: @entity10050 in @entity3485 due to XXXX : Results of an open label study in Indian population.

entities_list: @entity10050 :: ('MESH:D011097', 'Chemical') :: ['Polygeline', 'polygeline']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry tongue']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prefrontal @entity409 , including disturbances in adaptive context-specific behavior, have been reported in neuropsychological and brain imaging studies of @entity161 . Some data suggest that treatment with antipsychotic medications may ameliorate these deficits. METHOD: We investigated antisaccade performance in 39 antipsychotic-naive, first-episode @entity161 @entity1 who were re-evaluated 6 weeks after treatment initiation. A group of matched healthy subjects were examined at similar time-points. @entity1 and healthy individuals available for longer-term testing were re-assessed 26 and 52 weeks after initial testing. RESULTS: Before treatment, @entity1 showed elevated rates of response suppression errors and prolonged latencies of correct antisaccades. Increased rates of antisaccade errors were associated with faster response latencies during a separate, visually guided saccade task, but only prior to treatment. Throughout the 1-year follow-up, @entity1 progressively improved in their ability to voluntarily suppress @entity146 . Although treatment assignment was by clinician choice, results of exploratory analyses revealed that @entity1 treated with @entity1090 progressively planned and initiated correct antisaccades more quickly than @entity1 receiving @entity1767 . CONCLUSIONS: Deficits in the voluntary control of spatial attention are exaggerated during acute episodes of illness, but remain an enduring aspect of @entity409 in @entity161 even after treatment. During @entity697 , speeded sensorimotor transformations may compound these deficits and contribute to the heightened distractibility associated with acute @entity716 . Continued improvement in task performance throughout the 1-year follow-up suggests that partial normalization of prefrontal cognitive functions resulting from antipsychotic treatment may have a longer and more gradual time course than the reduction of acute @entity716 symptoms.

title: Longitudinal studies of antisaccades in antipsychotic-naive first-episode XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['context-inappropriate behavior']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysfunctions', 'prefrontal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although prolonged and fractionated right atrial electrograms have been reported as predictors of the development of chronic @entity955 in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ), the effects of @entity1289 inhibitor (ACEI) on these electrophysiologic abnormalities remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether ACEI influences these electrophysiologic abnormalities of @entity121 in @entity1 with @entity955 . METHODS: While taking oral ACEI for @entity101 , 12 @entity1 (ACEI group) with @entity955 underwent electrophysiologic study (EPS). Catheter mapping of 12 right atrial sites and right atrial extrastimulation were performed during sinus rhythm. Twenty-four age-matched @entity1 with @entity955 but not taking oral ACEI were included as a control group. RESULTS: The longest duration of the right atrial electrogram was significantly shorter and the maximum number of fragmented deflections per @entity1 was significantly lower in the ACEI group than in the control group (79 +/- 15 ms vs 100 +/- 15 ms, P < 0.005; 5.5 +/- 1.9 vs 7.9 +/- 2.4, P < 0.001, respectively). The number of abnormal atrial electrograms per @entity1 was significantly lower in the ACEI group than in the control group (0.5 +/- 1.4 vs 2.1 +/- 1.8, P < 0.05). The percentage of @entity1 with at least one abnormal atrial electrogram was significantly lower in the ACEI group than in the control group (16.7% vs 79.2%, P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: ACEI use is associated with a decrease in the incidence of prolonged and fractionated right atrial electrograms in @entity1 with @entity955 . In addition, we suggest that ACEI may help prevent @entity955 from becoming chronic.

title: XXXX inhibitor suppresses the incidence of prolonged and fractionated right atrial electrograms.

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'PAF']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['atrial muscle']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) and @entity60790 ( @entity60790 ) are autosomal dominant @entity209 caused by mutations in the @entity754 and @entity755 genes. @entity4310 is clinically characterised by elevated concentrations of total @entity165 (TC) and low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), presence of xanthomata and @entity731 . Both conditions are associated with @entity453 but may be clinically indistinguishable. Seventy-two (72) @entity4310 @entity1 were diagnosed based on the Simon Broome's criteria. Mutational screening was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Positive mutations were subjected to DNA sequencing for confirmation of the mutation. We successfully amplified all exons in the @entity754 and @entity755 genes. DGGE was performed in all exons of the @entity754 (except for exons 4-3', 18 and promoter region) and @entity755 genes. We have identified four different mutations in the @entity754 gene but no mutation was detected in the @entity755 gene. The @entity755 gene mutation was not detected on DGGE screening as sequencing was not performed for negative cases on DGGE technique. To our knowledge, the @entity60791 mutation (exon 5) is a novel mutation worldwide. The @entity60792 mutation (exon 3) has been reported locally while the @entity60793 (exon 9) and @entity60794 (exon 15) mutations have not been reported locally. However, only 4 mutations have been identified among 14/72 @entity1 (19.4%) in 39 @entity4310 families. Specificity (1-false positive) of this technique was 44.7% based on the fact that 42/76 (55.3%) samples with band shifts showed normal DNA sequencing results. A more sensitive method needs to be addressed in future studies in order to fully characterise the @entity754 and @entity755 genes such as denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. In conclusion, we have developed the DNA analysis for @entity4310 @entity1 using PCR-DGGE technique. DNA analysis plays an important role to characterise the type of mutations and forms an adjunct to clinical diagnosis.

title: Use of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method for mutational screening of @entity1 with @entity4310 ( XXXX ) and @entity60790 ( @entity60790 ).

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['LDL receptor', 'LDLR', 'low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity60790 :: ('MESH:C566260', 'Disease') :: ['Familial defective apolipoprotein B100', 'FDB']

entities_list: @entity60792 :: ('p|SUB|D|69|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D69N']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['Familial hypercholesterolaemia', 'FH']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['inherited diseases of lipid metabolism']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['premature atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['FH']


abstract: The gene encoding @entity7222 decarboxylase (ODC) from @entity3121 was cloned. A conserved PCR product amplified from @entity3121 DNA was synthesized and used to screen a genomic library of the fungus. Alignment of its deduced protein sequence with those of other cloned ODCs showed a high degree of homology. Gene replacement was obtained by removal of a central part of the gene and insertion of the @entity13995 resistance cassette. The null mutant thus obtained displayed no ODC activity and behaved as a @entity4664 auxotroph. This result is evidence that a single ODC gene exists in the fungus, and that @entity3121 utilizes the ODC pathway as the only mechanism for @entity4664 biosynthesis. When grown in @entity4664 -containing media, the null mutant accumulated a @entity4664 pool which further sustained its normal rate of growth in @entity4664 -free media for approximately 12-16 h. When @entity7224 concentrations lower than 0.5 mM were employed, the mutant grew at a normal rate but was unable to engage in the dimorphic transition. Under conditions favourable for mycelial growth, the mutant grew with a @entity375 -like morphology in liquid media, and formed smooth colonies consisting of @entity375 cells on solid media. Reversion to normal dimorphic phenotype required high concentrations of @entity7224 or @entity11667 . These results are evidence that concentrations of @entity4663 higher than those necessary to sustain vegetative growth are required for the dimorphic transition in @entity3121 .

title: Cloning and disruption of the @entity7222 decarboxylase gene of XXXX : evidence for a role of @entity4663 in its dimorphic transition.

entities_list: @entity3121 :: ('5270', 'Species') :: ['Ustilago maydis', 'U. maydis']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity13995 :: ('MESH:C026273', 'Chemical') :: ['hygromycin']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity3121 :: (5270,Species) :: ['Ustilago maydis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed which information from a prostate biopsy had the strongest relationship with @entity263 detection by 3T-MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity263 who underwent 3T-MRI before biopsy were enrolled in this retrospective study. Two radiologists independently reviewed T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images. When the @entity5 were revealed by biopsy and MRI depicted them at corresponding sites, we classified these lesions as MRI-detectable @entity5 . If the @entity5 were revealed by biopsy, but any @entity5 had not been detected, we classified these lesions as MRI-undetectable @entity5 . We compared the Gleason score (GS), @entity5 ratio (CaR) and @entity5 length (CaL) from core biopsies between the two groups. THE RESULTS: GS, CaR and CaL differed significantly between the MRI-detectable group (N = 70), and the MRI-undetectable group (N = 73). 3T-MRI could detect @entity5 cores with a sensitivity of 90.5% in cores with CaR >=  60%, and with a sensitivity of 81.8% in those with CaL >=  5 mm. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that CaR (P = 0.006) and CaL (P = 0.010) significantly associated with the @entity263 detection using MRI rather than GS. CONCLUSION: CaR and CaL from the core biopsies showed a stronger relationship to detection of the @entity263 on 3T-MRI than the GS did.

title: Information of prostate biopsy positive core: does it affect MR detection of XXXX on using 3T-MRI?

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'cancer lesions']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Sarcocystis sp. (Eimeriina: Sarcocystidae) is described as a heteroxenous coccidian with domestic @entity235 as an experimental definitive host and @entity742 (Ovis musimon) as natural intermediate hosts. Mature sarcocysts of this Sarcocystis sp. were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Sarcocysts in various muscle tissues were microscopic, had a thin primary cyst wall and septa and measured 81.0 x 30.5 microns. The cysts were located within muscle cells and were limited by a primary cyst wall (PCW). The cyst surface was highly folded forming densely packed projections. Between the PCW projections the surface of the cyst was marked with pit-like invaginations. The ground substance of the cyst formed a layer at the periphery of the cyst, filled the projections and formed septa which divided the cyst into compartments. Sarcocysts contained numerous bradyzoites that were 15.2 x 3 microns and few metrocytes 11.5 x 3.5 microns. Twelve days after ingesting Sarcocystis sp.-infected @entity742 meat, four @entity235 began passing sporocysts in their feces: two @entity468 did not pass oocysts or sporocysts after ingesting meat from the same animals. Sporocysts measured 14.8 x 9.9 microns.

title: Ultrastructure of the cyst and life cycle of Sarcocystis sp. from XXXX (Ovis musimon).

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['domestic cats']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['wild sheep']


abstract: MR imaging of 15 @entity1823 in 10 @entity1 was compared with CT of 13 of the lesions in eight @entity1 . All lesions were confirmed with angiography. All lesions were detected by MR and CT with the exception of one small glomus tympanicum @entity5 that was seen only in retrospect with MR. CT better demonstrated subtle osseous changes of the skull base and the relation of the @entity5 to the middle ear structures. MR better demonstrated the relation of the @entity5 to the adjacent internal jugular vein and carotid artery. The @entity1823 had a characteristic MR appearance based on their vascularity. Serpiginous areas of signal void representing high vascular flow were interspersed among areas of high signal intensity caused by slowly flowing blood and @entity5 cells. This "salt-and-pepper" pattern was seen in all lesions greater than 2 cm in maximal dimension. MR was therefore able to accurately characterize the @entity5 as highly vascular. Multiplanar imaging and good tissue contrast and anatomic detail permitted display of the relations of these @entity5 to surrounding carotid sheath vessels and to intracranial structures better than did CT. In this experience, the MR appearance of @entity1823 was quite characteristic and differed markedly from @entity1653 , @entity2950 , and metastatic disease of the skull base.

title: MR imaging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paragangliomas']


abstract: Study design:Descriptive study with a cross-sectional design.Objectives:To describe the epidemiology of traumatic @entity1566 (TSCIs) in Botswana, with a specific focus on road traffic crashes (RTC).Setting:Main public referral hospital, Gaborone, Botswana.Method:Two samples were included. Sample one described the epidemiology and included @entity1 admitted during a 2-year period with acute TSCI. Sample two included only @entity1 with TSCI due to RTC.Results:Annual incidence was 13 per million population. Epidemiology of TSCI: 49 @entity1 were included, 71% male, age ranging from 4 to 81 years, 80%    45 years. @entity1688 was more common than @entity451 (59/41%), and 39% had C1-C4 level of injury. The main cause of TSCI was RTC (68%), followed by assault (16%) and falls (10%). Mortality was 20%, where all, but one, had @entity1688 (18%). Median time from injury to spinal surgery was 12 days, with longer time for @entity1 , 16 days compared with 8 for @entity1 . Burst tire was the primary cause of RTC resulting in a TSCI, followed by hitting animals on the road. The majority had been passengers and 72% were involved in single crashes.Conclusion:The most common cause for TSCI was RTC, followed by assault. In-hospital mortality was high and the waiting period from the time of accident to spinal surgery was long, especially for @entity1 . The aetiology and high mortality of TSCI in Botswana indicate that improvements in roadway safety and medical care may decrease the TSCI incidence and mortality.Spinal Cord advance online publication, 25 November 2014; doi:10.1038/sc.2014.203.

title: Traumatic XXXX in Botswana: characteristics, aetiology and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['Tetraplegia', 'tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of @entity73 between probable @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity1 treated with long-duration cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is) and those who remained untreated. BACKGROUND: ChE-Is, including @entity8124 and tracrine, have shown beneficial effects on cognition and global functioning in @entity1 with @entity195 . The duration of these benefits is unknown because the longest double-blind placebo-controlled studies reported were only approximately 6 months long. Ethical concerns regarding randomization of @entity1 to placebo for long periods make it difficult to undertake trials of longer duration. METHODS: We identified @entity1 in 4 @entity195 centers who were or were not consistently treated with ChE-Is and who had demographic, psychometric and follow-up data. We compared 205 ChE-I-treated and 218 untreated @entity195 @entity1 on baseline variables hypothesized to differ between these groups, on baseline @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) scores and on rates of @entity1032 change at 1 year. The analysis was performed initially with all ChE-I-treated @entity1 as a single group versus untreated subjects, and then with @entity8124 versus untreated subjects and tacrine versus untreated subjects. RESULTS: As expected, treated and untreated @entity1 differed with respect to age, education, ethnicity, percentage of @entity497 and exact days of follow-up (ANOVA and chi2) in several comparisons, but did not differ on baseline @entity1032 score. These baseline variables were highly intercorrelated. @entity1032 scores declined significantly more slowly after 1 year of ChE-I treatment compared to untreated @entity1 (p = 0.05) after controlling for baseline differences in age, education, ethnicity and percentage of @entity497 . Slowing of decline was significant in the @entity8124 -treated @entity1 (p = 0.007) but not in the @entity2445 -treated group (p = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: This study, utilizing concurrent, nonrandomized controls, suggests that @entity8124 continues to have efficacy over at least the first year of therapy. Other studies are needed to determine whether the benefits are maintained beyond 1 year.

title: Chronic @entity8124 treatment is associated with slowed XXXX in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini Mental Status Examination']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community dwelling']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ), similar to those used for clinical lithotripsy, can deposit energy deep in tissue and thereby destroy the microvasculature of solid @entity5 . We investigated the potential of @entity1457 , generated by an electromagnetic shockwave source (19 kV capacitor voltage, 1 Hz pulse frequency), as a @entity5 -therapy modality alone and in combination with local @entity5 @entity221 (43.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C, 30 min). Copenhagen @entity35 transplanted with the anaplastic @entity263 sub-line R3327- @entity1809 received 1000 @entity1457 pulses, which delayed @entity5 growth by one @entity5 -doubling time (5 days). Histopathology revealed @entity548 , disruption of @entity5 vasculature, and @entity39 in the focus of the sound field. @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation was significantly lower in @entity1457 -treated @entity5 than in controls. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies using @entity7241 as contrast agent showed a strong reduction of @entity5 perfusion after @entity1457 treatment, although this effect was partly reversible within 3 days after @entity1457 . While @entity221 alone produced no significant delay in @entity5 growth, the combination of @entity1457 and @entity221 produced @entity5 -growth delay by 2 @entity5 -volume-doubling times. The maximum growth delay was achieved when @entity1457 and @entity221 were separated by 24 hr at the time of maximum perfusion reduction indicated by MRI. Thus, the cytotoxic effect of @entity1457 was enhanced by @entity221 in the anaplastic @entity263 R3327- @entity1809 grown on Copenhagen @entity35 in a synergistic manner, due to blood-flow reduction. In conjunction with other agents, such as @entity221 , @entity1457 might become a @entity5 -therapy modality in solid @entity5 accessible to ultrasound.

title: Synergistic interaction of ultrasonic shock waves and XXXX in the @entity263 R3327- @entity1809 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BUdR', 'Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Dunning-prostate-tumor', 'prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Pulsed high-energy ultrasound shock waves', 'PHEUS']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: The Forkhead family transcription factor @entity16389 is an inducer of apoptosis in its unphosphorylated form and was recently reported to be a substrate of @entity584 kinase. We studied the roles of @entity16389 in both @entity900 -resistant @entity1 (a @entity4937 cell line) and @entity900 -sensitive A2780 @entity1 @entity43 cell lines. Treatment of @entity1 cells but not A2780 cells with @entity900 transiently stimulated the phosphorylation of @entity16389 . Transfection experiments revealed that a kinase inactive-mutant of @entity584 or a triple mutant (TM) of @entity16389 , in which all three of the putative @entity584 phosphorylation sites were converted to @entity493 , was unable to phosphorylate the @entity16389 protein in cells treated with @entity900 . Because the phosphorylated form of @entity16389 is known to be localized in the cytoplasm, we examined whether @entity900 -induced phosphorylation of @entity16389 might have an effect on the subcellular distribution of @entity16389 . @entity900 induced the localization of @entity16389 in the cytoplasm in @entity1 cells but not in A2790 cells. Moreover, @entity900 induced the association of 14-3-3 protein with phosphorylated- @entity16389 in @entity1 cells but not in A2790 cells. Because the unphosphorylated form of @entity16389 binds the @entity12 promoter, thereby inducing apoptosis, we further examined the effect of the phosphorylation status of @entity16389 on the activity of the @entity12 promoter in the presence of @entity900 . Transfection with the kinase-inactive mutant of @entity584 or TM of @entity16389 induced the activity of the @entity12 promoter in @entity1 cells. Moreover, exogenous expression of TM of @entity16389 in @entity1 cells decreased the cell viability after treatment with @entity900 . Our findings suggest that @entity900 causes the phosphorylation of @entity16389 via a @entity4357 3-kinase/ @entity584 cascade, and inhibition of this cascade sensitizes @entity43 cells to @entity900 .

title: Inhibition of phosphorylation of a forkhead transcription factor sensitizes XXXX @entity43 cells to @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Since the beginning of our pancreas transplantation program in November, 1987, 50 @entity1 have received a segmental intraperitoneal @entity5758 -occluded pancreas graft and a contralateral kidney graft. The aim of this study is to present our surgical technique and the @entity260 encountered. Operation in the donor: subtotal pancreatectomy is performed. A venous patch is preserved at the end of the splenic vein. The splenic artery is removed with a patch taken from the end of the celiac trunk and the origin of the common hepatic artery, even in case of right (n = 1) or left (n = 4) hepatic artery. The canal is injected with @entity5758 (2 to 3 cc) ex vivo and the @entity788 is recut after stappling. Operation in the recipient: the transplant is inserted in an extraperitoneal location, between the bladder and the pubic arch, then anastomosed to the external iliac vessels. RESULTS: All pancreas grafts functioned immediately. All @entity1 but 3 are alive at present. Seven pancreas transplants were lost postoperatively due to @entity49 (n = 3), @entity548 (n = 3) and death at D27 (n = 1). Many @entity1 developed peripancreatic fluid collections and/or fistulae (the most frequent complication, probably due to the extraperitoneal site of transplantation). The actuarial survival rate of the @entity1 , kidneys and pancreas after 2 years is 96%, 92% and 80%, respectively.

title: [Surgical experience with 50 transplantations of XXXX -occluded segmental pancreas. Technique and @entity260 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity5758 :: ('MESH:D009387', 'Chemical') :: ['neoprene']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5758 :: (MESH:D009387,Chemical) :: ['neoprene']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is an independent risk factor for @entity385 that is not included in the usual cardioembolic risk assessments for @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of @entity27 on @entity64 rate in @entity1 with @entity955 . @entity1 with @entity955 and new diagnoses of @entity27 were identified from retrospective chart review. Those with histories of @entity64 at the time of the sleep study were excluded. The primary outcome was the incidence of @entity64 , determined by a physician investigator blinded to the results of polysomnography. Subgroup analysis was performed among different CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores. Of 5,138 @entity1 screened for @entity27 , 402 (7.7%) had @entity955 and 332 (6.4%) met the inclusion criteria. Among the study population, the occurrence of first-time @entity64 was 22.9%. @entity385 was more common in @entity1 with @entity27 compared with @entity1 without (25.4% vs 8.2% respectively, p  = 0.006). After controlling for age, male gender, and @entity453 , the association between @entity27 and @entity64 remained statistically significant, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.65 (95% confidence interval 1.252 to 10.623). A positive dose effect of the @entity27 index on the rate of @entity64 was observed (p  = 0.0045). Subgroup analysis showed significantly higher rates of @entity64 in @entity1 with CHADS2 scores of 0 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 0 and 1 and co-morbid @entity27 . In conclusion, @entity27 in @entity1 with @entity955 is an independent predictor of @entity64 . This association may have important clinical implications in @entity385 risk stratification.

title: Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Frequency of @entity64 in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in the Emergency Room of a Rural Hospital with no Coronary Care Unit, and subsequent transfer to the Coronary Care Unit of a City Hospital. DESIGN: Prospective study, controlled with two parallel groups of consecutive @entity1 (Group 1: Rural Hospital, Group 2: CCU Ravenna) and administration of Anistreplase 30 intravenous unit. SETTING: Rural Emergency Rooms which transmitted the electrocardiogram by cardiotelephone to the Ravenna Coronary Care Unit (average distance 35 km; range: 17-50 km). @entity1 : 280 (Group 1: 102 @entity1 , Group 2: 178 @entity1 ) with suspected @entity583 and with no contra-indications to fibrinolysis, within 6 h of onset of symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: time saving, accuracy of diagnosis, adverse events, left ventricular function and survival. RESULTS: the median pain to needle time was 90' in Group 1 and 165' in Group 2 (P < 0.001). Accuracy of diagnosis for @entity583 was 91% and 100%, respectively. Complications were rare and none occurred during transfer. The @entity908 phosphokinase peak of Group 1 was lower than Group 2 (1389 vs. 2186 IU/l; P < 0.001). The echocardiographic Wall Motion Abnormality Score Index of Group 1 was lower than Group 2 (3.571 vs. 5.589; P < 0.001). Mortality at 35 days in Group 1 was 7.5% vs. 10.7% in Group 2 (-30%; P = n.s.). CONCLUSIONS: The Emergency Room physician, in close collaboration with the cardiologist, supplied a very high standard of pre-Coronary Care Unit diagnosis and therapy. Administration of Anistreplase in the rural Emergency Room brought about a significant @entity158 to needle time, a significant improvement in left ventricular function and a reduction in mortality.

title: Prehospital thrombolysis in rural emergency room and subsequent transport to a coronary care unit: Ravenna XXXX (RaMI) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of pain']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study an increase of antimicrobial-resistant @entity3064 and to assess reasons for the delayed detection of this increase. DESIGN: Review of medical, laboratory, and @entity281 control records. Plasmid profile analysis of available A baumannii isolates. SETTING: A 340-bed @entity130 and intensive care hospital in Detroit, Michigan. RESULTS: The number of hospitalized @entity1 with resistant A baumannii increased during late 1989 and early 1990: 4 in September, 10 in October, 12 in November, 18 in December, and 23 in January (chi square for trend = 14.6, p = .0001). Forty-four (66%) of the 67 @entity1 culture-positive for resistant A baumannii had respiratory tract colonization or @entity281 . Of 11 resistant isolates, 6 had a similar plasmid profile and 5 had no plasmids. Under the hospital's targeted surveillance system, only positive cultures from blood or wounds were investigated; this largely respiratory increase of resistant A baumannii went unrecognized until January 1990. CONCLUSIONS: Antimicrobial resistance in A baumannii is an important concern. Such resistance is not necessarily plasmid mediated. Targeted surveillance for this and other agents of @entity580 should be used with caution, particularly in hospitals with many debilitated @entity1 .

title: Delayed detection of an increase in resistant XXXX at a Detroit hospital.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter']


abstract: A consecutive series of 21 @entity1 with @entity91 (9 Crouzon's, 6 Pfeiffer's, 6 Apert's) was evaluated for reconstructive postoperative aesthetic improvement resulting from craniofacial surgery (Le Fort III, sliding genioplasty, nasal septal reconstruction and cranioplasty). The same consecutive series of @entity1 had been previously evaluated for stability of Le Fort III advancement. All the @entity1 were assessed at least one year post operatively. Stability of the advancement was confirmed. In the present study, various midline bony and soft tissue profile measurements were obtained from lateral cephalograms. These measurements were compared to similar measurements (standards) in normals. "Normal" standards and "normal" appearance imply harmonious and aesthetically pleasing facial features. This study showed markedly abnormal positions of the selected bony and soft tissue landmarks preoperatively compared to the normal but following surgery the measurements studied approached or were similar to the normal standards. Based on these measurements, the @entity1 's appearance improved significantly following reconstructive craniofacial surgery. Suggestions for additional surgery based on these studies are made.

title: Aesthetic improvement resulting from craniofacial surgery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis syndromes']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis syndromes']


abstract: The vascular effects of fasciculin and @entity2607 , two @entity8474 inhibitors, were studied with radioactively labelled microspheres in the @entity95 eye. In addition, the effects on the intraocular pressure, pupil size and the @entity7462 protein concentration were determined. Both drugs were injected intracamerally in pentobarbital anesthetized and @entity3352 pretreated animals. Fasciculin injected in a dose of 0.5 micrograms (0.7 x 10(-10)M) reduced blood flow in the anterior uvea as determined 30 and 60 min after injection. Higher doses had inconsistent effects. @entity2607 injected in a dose of 3 micrograms (1.1 x 10(-8)M) also reduced blood flow in the anterior uvea. The effect was most pronounced in the iris. Neither drug had any appreciable effect on @entity989 . Both drugs caused pupillary constriction but the reduction in blood flow was not secondary to miosis. The effects on the intraocular pressure and @entity7462 protein concentration were inconsistent. The reduction in blood flow of the anterior uvea after intracameral injection of @entity8474 inhibitors is consistent with a cholinergic vasoconstriction previously described in the eye during electrical stimulation of the oculomotor nerve.

title: Vascular effects of XXXX inhibitors in the @entity95 eye: a study with fasciculin and @entity2607 .

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal or retinal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine', 'Physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity8474 :: (100009390(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['acetylcholinesterase']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Herein, we investigated the percentage of T-helper ( @entity1198 ) and Th2 cells among the general T-cell population in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity5749 ( @entity5749 ) and @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ). BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that @entity1198 cells and the cytokines that they secrete (especially @entity379 ) have a role in the activation of macrophages, promotion of clot formation and destabilization of @entity731 . Thus, @entity1198 cytokines may contribute to the initiation and progression of @entity1459 . In contrast, cytokines secreted by Th2 cells (e.g. @entity688 ) are known to inhibit activation and proliferation of @entity1198 cells and the secretion of @entity379 , lysosomal enzymes and metalloproteinases. Therefore, we sought to examine whether the ratio of @entity379 to @entity688 secreting cells is altered in @entity1 with @entity1459 . METHODS: The percentage of @entity1198 and Th2 cells among the general T-cell population was determined by fluorescent intracellular cytokine staining ( @entity379 and @entity688 , out of the total CD3 positive cells). RESULTS: The percentage of T-cells positive for intracellular @entity379 was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1459 (n = 22) in comparison with @entity5749 (n = 20) @entity1 (39.0+/-2.8% and 29.6+/-2.7%, respectively. P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in intracellular @entity688 positive cells between the two groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in the ratio between the intracellular @entity379 positive cells and the intracellular @entity688 positive cells. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased activity of @entity1198 cells in @entity1 with @entity1459 in comparison with @entity1 with @entity5749 . There is no evidence of heightened activity of Th2 cells in either group. Thus, @entity379 secreted by peripheral blood T-lymphocytes,may be an important immunomodulator contributing to destabilization of the @entity1856 lying at the base of the etiopathogenesis of @entity1459 .

title: Functional T-lymphocyte dichotomy in the peripheral blood of XXXX with @entity1459 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina', 'SA']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaque']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The cell cycle regulatory protein @entity4910 , which is over-expressed in 95-100% of @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ), is a potential therapeutic target. @entity13449 inhibits the cyclin-dependent kinase ( @entity8985 - @entity4910 complex and induces apoptosis in @entity706 cell lines. Previous phase I clinical studies had demonstrated that this drug could be safely administered in @entity1 , prompting further evaluation of @entity13449 as a single agent in @entity1073 . Ten @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1073 , who had received one prior chemotherapy regimen, were treated with @entity13449 50 mg/m2/day given as a 72 h continuous intravenous infusion every 14 days. Treatment was well tolerated, and only one @entity1 developed grade III-IV non-hematologic @entity137 . However, there were no clinical responses; despite therapy, three @entity1 maintained stable disease, and seven @entity1 demonstrated @entity74 within two months. In relapsed and @entity1073 , @entity13449 is ineffective as a single agent given by 72 h continuous infusion at 50 mg/m2/day. Recent in vitro studies using @entity1 plasma suggest that higher plasma drug levels may be necessary to achieve clinical efficacy. In vitro studies of @entity13449 indicate that the agent is synergistic with DNA-damaging compounds. Further investigation into @entity13449 as a clinical agent should focus on alternative dosing schedules and the compound's potential use in combination chemotherapeutic regimens.

title: Seventy-two hour continuous infusion XXXX in relapsed and @entity1073 .

entities_list: @entity13449 :: ('MESH:C077990', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavopiridol', 'flavopiridol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['refractory MCL', 'mantle cell lymphomas', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity13449 :: (MESH:C077990,Chemical) :: ['flavopiridol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of the OFRECE study was to estimate the prevalence of @entity5749 in Spain. This prevalence is currently unknown, due to a lack of recent studies and to changes in the epidemiology and treatment of @entity741 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved a representative sample of the Spanish population aged 40 years or older, obtained via 2-stage random sampling: in the first stage, primary care physicians were randomly selected from each Spanish province, whereas in the second stage 20 @entity1 were selected from the population assigned to each physician. The prevalence was weighted by age, sex, and geographical area. @entity1 were classified as having @entity951 if they met the "definite @entity951 " criteria of the Rose questionnaire and as having confirmed @entity951 if the @entity951 was confirmed by a cardiologist or if they had a history of @entity741 or revascularization. RESULTS: Of the 11 831 @entity1 invited to participate, 8378 (71%) were analyzed (mean age, 59.2 years). The weighted prevalence of definite @entity951 (Rose) was 2.6% (95% confidence interval, 2.1%-3.1%) and was higher in @entity1 (2.9%) than in @entity1 (2.2%), whereas that of confirmed @entity951 was 1.4% (95% confidence interval, 1.0%-1.8%), without differences between @entity1 (1.5%) and @entity1 (1.3%). The prevalence of definite @entity951 (Rose) increased with age (0.7% in @entity1 aged 40 to 49 years and 7.1% in those aged 70 years or older), history of @entity65 , and cardiovascular risk factors, except smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of definite @entity951 (Rose) in the Spanish population aged 40 years or older was 2.6%, whereas that of confirmed @entity951 was 1.4%. Both prevalences increased with age, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular history.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in Spain. Results of the OFRECE Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic heart disease', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity5749 :: (MESH:D060050,Disease) :: ['Stable Angina']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neurodegeneration, along with inflammatory @entity17 , is an important component of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) pathogenesis. Autophagy is known to play a pivotal role in neuronal homeostasis and is implicated in several @entity179 . However, whether autophagy is involved in the mechanisms of @entity528 during @entity15 remains to be investigated. @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), an in vivo model of @entity15 , was induced in female C57BL/6 @entity19 by immunization with @entity6504 @entity10357 -55. After that, autophagic flux in the spinal cord of @entity19 was evaluated by detection of LC3-II and @entity34734 protein expressions. @entity6503 @entity19 were then administered with @entity3446 and @entity2456 ( @entity8836 ) for 10 days. Afterward, the changes in LC3-II, @entity34734 , and @entity18133 expression, number of infiltrated inflammatory cells, @entity17 area, and @entity528 , as well as clinical scores, were assessed. Further, apoptotic cell rate and apoptosis-related protein expressions were monitored. We observed an impaired autophagic flux and increased @entity528 in the spinal cords of @entity6503 @entity19 . We also found that @entity3446 , an autophagy inducer, mitigated @entity6503 -induced autophagy decrease, @entity32 , @entity17 and @entity528 , as well as the abnormal clinical score. In addition, @entity3446 suppressed cell apoptosis, and decreased @entity1380 / @entity1379 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Conversely, the effect of autophagy inhibitor @entity8836 on @entity6503 @entity19 resulted in completely opposite results. These results indicated that @entity29181 , at least in part, contributed to @entity6503 -induced @entity528 and that pharmacological modulation of autophagy might be a therapeutic strategy for @entity15 .

title: Defective autophagy is associated with @entity528 in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6504 :: ('17441(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'demyelinated lesion']

entities_list: @entity2456 :: ('MESH:C025946', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methyladenine']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity29181 :: ('MESH:C564093', 'Disease') :: ['autophagy deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis', 'EAE']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal injury']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Resting @entity308 has been identified as a marker for adverse @entity299 in @entity1 with and without known @entity453 . To correlate this with exercise testing, coronary angiography, and how it impacts on long-term prognosis, a retrospective study was performed on 476 @entity1 , of whom 223 had no clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of prior @entity583 while 253 were survivors of an @entity1188 . All @entity1 performed a standard exercise test and underwent diagnostic coronary angiography within an average of 32 days of their exercise test (range 0 to 90 days). Exclusions were @entity1 , those with @entity714 , left @entity123 , use of digoxin, previous revascularization procedures, or significant @entity340 . Long-term follow-up was carried out for an average of 45 months (+/- 17). Of the @entity1 without prior @entity1188 , 23 (10%) had persistent resting @entity308 , and of those with a prior history of @entity1188 , 37 (15%) also had resting @entity308 . @entity1 with resting @entity308 and no prior @entity583 had a higher prevalence of severe @entity301 (three-vessel and/or left main) (30%) than those without resting @entity308 (16%) (95% confidence interval [CI] for observed difference -5.0% to 33.9%, p = 0.12). The criterion of greater than or equal to 2 mm of additional exercise-induced @entity308 was a particularly useful marker in these @entity1 for the diagnosis of any @entity301 (likelihood ratio 3.35, 95% CI 0.56 to 19.93, p = 0.06). @entity1 with resting @entity308 and a prior @entity583 had a 2.5 times higher prevalence of severe @entity453 compared with @entity1 without resting @entity308 (43% versus 17% prevalence, respectively, 95% CI for observed difference 9.38% to 42.8%, p less than 0.001) and also had larger left ventricles postinfarction (left ventricular end-diastolic volume index 102 ml/m2 compared with 96 ml/m2, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Correlation between resting XXXX , exercise testing, coronary angiography, and long-term prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular or congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['ST segment depression']


abstract: To study the inter-reader reliability of detecting abnormalities of @entity8480 ( @entity8480 ) joints in @entity1 with recent-onset @entity615 by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to study the prevalence of @entity32 and structural changes at various sites of the @entity2720 . Sixty-eight @entity1 with @entity615 (at least four of the five following criteria: symptom onset before age 40, insidious onset, morning @entity2693 , duration >3 months, improvement with exercise--or three out of five of these plus night @entity158 ) were included (38% male; mean age, 34.9 years [standard deviation 10.3]; 46% @entity1530 27-positive; mean symptom duration, 18 months), with symptom duration <2 years. A MRI scan of the @entity2720 was made in the coronal plane with the following sequences: T1-weighted spin echo, short-tau inversion recovery, T2-weighted fast-spin echo with fat saturation, and T1-spin echo with fat saturation after the administration of @entity2287 . Both @entity2720 were scored for @entity32 (separately for subchondral bone and bone marrow, joint space, joint capsule, ligaments) as well as for structural changes ( @entity2681 , @entity1463 , @entity3947 ), by two observers independently. Agreement between the two readers was analysed by concordance and discordance rates and by kappa statistics. @entity32 was present in 32 @entity2720 of 22 @entity1 , most frequently located in bone marrow and/or subchondral bone (29 joints in 21 @entity1 ). Readers agreed on the presence of @entity32 in 85% of the cases in the right @entity8480 joint and in 78% of the cases in the left @entity8480 joint. Structural changes on MRI were present in 11 @entity1 . Ten of these 11 @entity1 also showed signs of @entity32 . Agreement on the presence or absence of @entity32 and structural changes of @entity2720 by MRI was acceptable, and was sufficiently high to be useful in ascertaining inflammatory and structural changes due to @entity6592 . About one-third of @entity1 with recent-onset @entity32 , and about one-sixth show structural changes in at least one @entity8480 joint.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging changes of @entity2720 in XXXX with recent-onset @entity615 : inter-reader reliability and prevalence of abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammatory back pain show inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity8480 :: ('MESH:C563037', 'Disease') :: ['SI', 'sacroiliac']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory back pain']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity2012 , @entity66 and diastolic left ventricular (LV) performance, mostly associated with @entity101 or @entity4346 , have been reported. We used 2-dimensional/Doppler echocardiographic methods and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) to elucidate the impact of disease activity on LV function in @entity1 with @entity2012 . METHODS: In a prospective study design, 15 @entity1 with active @entity2012 ( @entity5066 group; mean age-adjusted serum @entity442 [ @entity442 ] level, 420 +/- 170 ng/mL, mean growth hormone nadir during 75-g oral @entity413 load, 12.3 +/- 30.1 microg/L), 18 @entity1 with cured (n = 14, mean @entity442 level 205 +/- 115 ng/mL, mean growth hormone nadir during @entity413 load 0.72 +/- 0.34 microg/L) or well-controlled (n = 4, normal age-adjusted ranges of @entity442 levels with medication with @entity1943 analogues 354 +/- 88 ng/mL) @entity2012 (CA group), and 24 control subjects (control group) underwent 2-dimensional/Doppler echocardiographic measurements, including assessment of the Tei index (isovolumic contraction time and isovolumic relaxation time divided by ejection time). Systolic and diastolic mitral annular velocities (peak systolic velocity, peak early diastolic velocity [E'], peak late diastolic velocity [A'], E'/A' ratio) were derived from pulsed TDI. RESULTS: No significant differences between study groups were observed with respect to muscle mass and systolic parameters, such as ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and peak systolic velocity. In @entity1 with @entity5066 , E' and the E'/A' ratio were lower than in control and CA subjects ( @entity5066 6.8 +/- 1.7 cm/s, control 10.0 +/- 1.7 cm/s, CA 9.1+/- 3.0 cm/s, P <.01 @entity5066 vs control, P <.05 @entity5066 versus CA, @entity5066 0.68 +/- 0.22, control 0.98 +/- 0.16, CA 0.89 +/- 0.37, P <.01 @entity5066 vs control and CA, respectively). In comparison with control subjects and @entity1 with CA, @entity1 with @entity5066 had a reduced mitral peak velocity of early/late filling ratio ( @entity5066 0.78 +/- 0.22 m/s, control 1.12 +/- 0.33 m/s, CA 1.11 +/- 0.36 m/s, P <.05 @entity5066 vs control and CA) and a prolonged deceleration time ( @entity5066 223 +/- 41 ms, control 188 +/- 26 ms, CA 185 +/- 25 ms, P <.05 @entity5066 vs control and CA). The Tei index was significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity5066 in comparison with control subjects and @entity1 with CA ( @entity5066 0.54 +/- 0.13, control 0.40 +/- 0.09, CA 0.44 +/- 0.10, P <.05 @entity5066 vs control and CA). No significant differences were observed between control subjects and @entity1 with CA with respect to mitral flow-derived variables, TDI parameters, and the Tei index. CONCLUSION: Disease activity has a significant impact on LV performance in @entity1 with @entity2012 . In subjects with active disease, @entity67 and beginning impairment of overall LV performance are present. In @entity1 with cured/well-controlled disease, systolic and diastolic function appear normal.

title: Impact of disease activity on left ventricular performance in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of systolic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insuline-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence, clinical features and prognosis of @entity7158 in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: Data of @entity14 @entity1 admitted to our hospital from June 1994 to June 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. @entity1 were divided into @entity5 group (MCG) and single- cancer group (SCG). Clinical features and prognosis were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity5 was 7.4 % (83/ 1125). Forty- seven @entity1 had multiple @entity14 metachronous @entity14 (S) in 12 and @entity14 (S) in 35. Thirty- six @entity1 5 @entity1 with @entity5 had @entity5 outside colorectal tract,12 of whom were @entity356 . No significant differences were found between MCG and SCG regarding gender, onset age, Dukes stage and differentiation of index @entity14 . @entity5 family history (P=0.002) and @entity2513 (P=0.036) were significantly more common in MCG than those in SCG. The local recurrence or distant metastasis in MCG was significantly higher than that in SCG (P=0.047), though there was no significant difference in survival between the two groups. Forty- one percent of index @entity5 were located in right colon in MCG, significantly higher than that in SCG (P=0.048). The secondary @entity5 were mainly adenoma cancerization in MCG. CONCLUSION: @entity5 family history and @entity2513 seems to be at high risk for developing @entity5 in @entity14 @entity1 . @entity356 and @entity14 were common secondary @entity5 of @entity7158 in @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: [Clinical analysis of multiple primary carcinomas in @entity14 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['multiple primary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple-cancer', 'synchronous cancers', 'multiple cancers', 'malignant tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'synchronous CRC', 'colorectal adenoma cancerization', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, risk factors, and consequences of @entity1070 after endovascular repair of @entity1028 . METHODS: Data on 2463 @entity1 were collected from 87 European centers and recorded in a central database. Preoperative data were compared for @entity1 with collateral retrograde perfusion (type II) @entity1070 (group A), @entity1 with device-related (type I and III) @entity1070 (group B), and @entity1 in whom no @entity1070 was detected (group C). Only @entity1070 observed after the first postoperative month of follow-up were taken into consideration. Regression analysis was performed to investigate statistical relationships between the occurrence and @entity1070 and preoperative @entity1 and morphologic characteristics, operative details, type of device, and experience of the operating team. In addition, postoperative changes in aneurysmal morphology, the need for secondary interventions, conversions to open repair, @entity1756 , and mortality during follow-up were compared between these study groups. RESULTS: @entity1 in group A had a higher prevalence of a patent inferior mesenteric artery compared with @entity1 without @entity1070 . @entity1 in group B were treated more frequently than @entity1 in group C by an operating team with experience of less than 30 procedures. The mean follow-up period was 15.4 months. Secondary interventions were needed in 13% of the @entity1 . Rupture of the @entity439 during follow-up occurred in 0.52% (1/191) in group A, 3.37% (10/297) in group B, and 0.25% (5/1975) in group C. Life table analysis comparing the three study groups demonstrated a significantly higher rate of @entity397 in group B than in group C (P =.002). The incidence of conversion to open repair during follow-up was higher in group B than in the other two study groups (P <.01). Death was related to the @entity439 or to endovascular repair of the @entity439 in 7% of @entity1 . Secondary outcome success, defined as absence of @entity397 and conversion, was significantly higher in group A and C compared with that in group B (P =.006 and P =.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of device-related @entity1070 correlated with a higher risk of @entity1756 and conversion compared with @entity1 without @entity1070 . @entity1070 was not associated more often with these events. Consequently, intervention in @entity1070 should only be performed in case of increase of @entity439 size.

title: Significance of XXXX after endovascular repair of @entity1028 : The EUROSTAR experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks', 'type I or III endoleaks', 'type of endoleak', 'endoleak', 'Type II endoleak', 'type II endoleak']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal rupture']

answer: @entity1070 :: (MESH:D057867,Disease) :: ['endoleaks']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to clarify the morphological features of early @entity1 @entity731 and to determine whether specific extracellular matrix proteoglycans play a role in early atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Step and serial sections were obtained from right coronary arteries with no or early @entity731 . @entity731 was classified into 4 grades according to the amount of lipid deposition. Coronary arteries with Grade 0 showed diffuse intimal thickening (DIT) with no lipid deposits. The extracellular matrix proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, were localized in the outer layer of DIT. Most cases of Grade 1 and Grade 2 exhibited @entity1856 with extracellular lipids colocalizing with biglycan and decorin in the outer layer of the intima. As lipid grades increased, macrophages increased in number and were present in the deeper layers. Most cases of Grade 3 exhibited @entity4122 ( @entity4122 ) with extracellular lipids underneath a layer of foam cell macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: In early @entity1 @entity453 , @entity1856 develop via extracellular deposition of lipids associated with specific types of proteoglycans in the outer layer of preexisting DIT. As the amount of the lipid increases in @entity1856 , macrophages infiltrate toward the deposited lipid to form @entity4122 with foam cells.

title: Early @entity1 XXXX : accumulation of lipid and proteoglycans in intimal thickenings followed by macrophage infiltration.

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['PIT', 'pathologic intimal thickening']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fatty streaks']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the use of endoscopic ultrasound combined with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity344 . METHODOLOGY: Endoscopic and clinicopathological data were available for 158 @entity1 with @entity344 who underwent endoscopic ultrasound. We selected for ESD or EMR treatment 138 @entity1 with @entity344 that did not reach the muscular layer of the mucosa according to their endoscopic ultrasound findings. We compared the consistency of the diagnoses made with normal gastrocoloscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and pathology after the ESD or EMR treatment, and evaluated the therapeutic effects of ESD or EMR on @entity344 . We also performed follow-ups with gastrocoloscopy and endoscopic ultrasound one, three, and six months after surgery. RESULTS: Of 158 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic ultrasound, 138 were treated with ESD or EMR. Postoperative oozing of blood occurred in 12 @entity1 and @entity548 in four @entity1 , and the complication rate was 2.9% (4/138). There were no serious complications. The pathological diagnoses were consistent their endoscopic ultrasound diagnoses, so the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound was 97.8% (135/138). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic ultrasound combined with ESD or EMR can improve the diagnosis of @entity344 .

title: Eus combined with ESD or EMR for the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['protruding gastrointestinal lesions', 'gastrointestinal protruding lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['protruding gastrointestinal lesions']


abstract: We reviewed 75 @entity1 (57 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ), who had undergone tension-band laminoplasty for cervical @entity602 (42 @entity1 ) or compression @entity602 due to @entity3057 (33 @entity1 ) and had been followed for more than ten years. Clinical and functional results were estimated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. The rate of recovery and the level of postoperative @entity4048 were also recorded. The pre- and post-operative alignment of the cervical spine (Ishihara curve index indicating lordosis of the cervical spine) and the range of movement (ROM) of the cervical spine were also measured. The mean rate of recovery of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score at final follow-up was 52.1% (SD 24.6) and significant @entity158 was reported by 19 @entity1 (25.3%). @entity158 was reported more frequently in @entity1 with @entity3057 than in those with cervical @entity602 (p = 0.027). A @entity85 was not seen post-operatively in any @entity1 . The mean ROM decreased post-operatively from 32.8   (SD 12.3) to 16.2   (SD 12.3) (p < 0.001). The mean ROM ratio was 46.9% (SD 28.1) for all the @entity1 . The mean ROM ratio was lower in @entity1 with @entity3057 than in those with cervical @entity602 (p < 0.001). Compared to those with cervical @entity602 , @entity1 with @entity3057 had less ROM and more post-operative @entity4048 .

title: Long-term results of tension-band laminoplasty for cervical stenotic XXXX : a ten-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'spondylotic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['axial neck pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['axial pain', 'Axial pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of sacroileitis and @entity1691 in @entity29 and the relationship between disease activity, joint symptoms and @entity1530 antigen positivity. METHODS: Sacroiliac joint radiography and three phase bone scanning of 33 @entity31 @entity1 (17 active and 16 in remission) and 29 @entity30 @entity1 (15 active and 14 in remission) was performed. @entity1530 was determined in all @entity1 and 60 control subjects. RESULTS: Sacroileitis was found in 10 out of 33 @entity1 with @entity31 (30. 30%) and seven out of 29 @entity1 with @entity30 (24. 13%). Of these @entity1 , eleven had active (17.73%) disease and six were in remission (9. 68%). The diagnosis of sacroileitis was made by bone radiography in seven @entity1 (41.18%) and by bone scanning in the other 10 @entity1 (58.82%). A diagnosis of @entity1691 was made in three @entity1 (17. 64%) who had previously been diagnosed by bone radiography to have sacroileitis. @entity1530 was positive in six @entity1 (9.67%) with @entity29 and three subjects (5%) of the control group. There were no significant differences between these two groups (p>0.05). Compared to the control group, all three @entity1 with @entity1691 were @entity1530 positive, the difference being significant (p>0. 01). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical course of sacroileitis is independent of the activitiy of @entity29 . Accordingly, @entity1 with @entity29 , especially those with sacroileitis, should be investigated for the presence of @entity1511 .

title: The frequency of sacroileitis and @entity1691 in XXXX and @entity1530 association.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['anklylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of self-care combined with anti-inflammatory medications in the treatment of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity158 associated with disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR). A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was done by the authors. The databases searched were Medline (1966 to July 2012); EMBASE (1980 to July 2012); and LILACS (from 1982 to July 2012). The review authors independently assessed trials for eligibility and methodological quality and also extracted all data. The data was double-checked for accuracy. There was no language restriction in the searches of EMBASE, PubMed, and LILACS databases, or in the manual search. The risk of bias and the heterogeneity of the studies taken into consideration were assessed. Two studies, randomizing 175 @entity1 , were included in this review. The first study (n = 106) compared the following interventions: medical treatment, rehabilitation, arthroscopic surgery with postoperative rehabilitation, or arthroplastic surgery with post-operative rehabilitation. The second study (n = 69) compared the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and self-care instructions, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, occlusal splint, and mobilization therapy. The third group received no treatment; @entity1 were only informed of their prognosis. There is no sufficient evidence regarding efficacy and safety of the palliative treatments associated with anti-inflammatory versus other treatments, or absence of treatment on @entity158 reduction in @entity1 with @entity1348 DDWOR.

title: Combined palliative and anti-inflammatory medications as treatment of XXXX without reduction: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint disc displacement']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The etiology of @entity2521 has traditionally been associated to a consortium of three bacterial species-the so-called "red-complex" of periodontal disease-which has been the target for most diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, other species have also been found to correlate with disease severity. In addition, the influence of smoking on periodontal microbiota is poorly understood. In the current manuscript, the composition of the subgingival microbiota in healthy individuals vs. @entity1 with @entity7278 has been investigated using 16S pyrosequencing and the influence of smoking on periodontal composition has been examined. Subgingival bacterial communities were sampled from 82 @entity1 : 22 non-smoking healthy controls, 28 non-smoking periodontal @entity1 , and 32 smoking periodontal @entity1 . Bacterial diversity was higher in periodontal @entity1 than in healthy subjects, which could be interpreted as the consequence of a nutritionally richer environment or a reduced immune competence. Periodontal @entity1 showed a significantly higher prevalence/relative abundance of "established" periopathogens but also other taxa whose role is not well-established and that should be targets for future research. These include Anaeroglobus, Bulleidia, Desulfobulbus, Filifactor, Mogibacterium, Phocaeicola, Schwartzia or TM7. The microbial community of smoking-associated @entity2521 is less diverse and distinct from that of non-smokers, indicating that smoking has an influence on periodontal ecology. Interestingly, the high sequencing coverage allowed the detection at low proportions of periodontal pathogens in all healthy individuals, indicating that @entity7278 cannot be strictly considered an infectious disease but the outcome of a polymicrobial dysbiosis, where changes in the proportions of microbial consortia trigger the inflammatory and tissue-degradation responses of the host.

title: Subgingival microbiota in health compared to XXXX and the influence of smoking.

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: @entity1653 show a diverse histopathologic appearance, often referred to as metaplastic changes; however, @entity420 -like metaplasia is an extremely rare condition. Here, we present a novel case. A dura-based bulky mass located in the right frontotemporal region was identified radiologically in an 83-year-old @entity1 . The @entity5 , yellow to ash-gray in color, was subtotally removed. Histopathological examination revealed robust @entity420 -like structures within a conventional meningothelial @entity5 . @entity1653 elements showed a WHO grade I to III histology. Morphological and immunophenotypic transition between meningothelial and columnar epithelial cells was confirmed on detailed observation. It was of note that the @entity2483 shared an immunophenotype with intestinal epithelium, expressing @entity6628 , @entity5091 and @entity2225 . The present case could be differentiated from @entity1653 based on distinct cellular atypia, lack of intracytoplasmic lumina and pseudosammoma bodies, and the intact status of the @entity4730 gene. In addition, the morphological and immunophenotypic transition excluded the possibility of @entity189 within @entity1653 . This is the first reported case of @entity1653 with @entity420 -like metaplasia harboring an intestinal immunophenotype.

title: XXXX with @entity420 -like metaplasia: Demonstration of intestinal phenotype.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'secretory meningioma', 'Meningioma']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomatous components']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant meningioma']