abstract: In a neoadjuvant setting, three parameters for Ki-67 could be obtained: pre-treatment Ki-67, post-treatment Ki-67 and Ki-67 change between pre- and post-treatments. It is uncertain which of the three parameters has the greatest prognostic significance, and whether this parameter has significance in each subtype of @entity0 . A total of 385 @entity1 who received neoadjuvant @entity4349 followed by @entity3907 chemotherapy and subsequent surgery for @entity0 were analyzed retrospectively. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), @entity1 were divided into four subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, Triple negative, and @entity1722 ). Ki-67 was examined by IHC in pre-treatment core needle samples and post-treatment surgical excision specimens. The relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was compared among each subtype. The median follow-up period was 56 months. The rate of pathological complete response was higher for @entity1722 (34.8 %) and Triple negative (24.3 %) subtypes than for Luminal B (8.3 %) and Luminal A (3.8 %) subtypes (p < 0.0001). A reduction in Ki-67 was observed in 58.5, 83.4, 70.2, and 74.2 % of @entity1 in the Luminal A, Luminal B, Triple negative, and @entity1722 subtypes, respectively. Ki-67 change between pre- and post-treatments was an independent prognostic factor, but pre-treatment Ki-67 and post-treatment Ki-67 were not independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis. The RFS was significantly different between @entity1 whose Ki-67 was reduced and those not reduced for Luminal B (81.4 vs. 50.0 %, p = 0.006), Triple negative (74.8 vs. 43.5 %, p = 0.006) and @entity1722 (82.7 vs. 59.0 %, p = 0.009). However, for Luminal A, the difference in RFS was not associated with changes of Ki-67 (78.8 vs. 75.3 %, p = 0.193). Ki-67 change between pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an independent prognostic factor in @entity1 of Luminal B, Triple negative, and @entity1722 subtypes. Pre-treatment Ki-67 and post-treatment Ki-67 were not independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis.

title: Different prognostic significance of Ki-67 change between pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy in various subtypes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity8 encompasses several histologic subtypes, all of which can undergo change over time. In @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 , we studied bone histology and the factors influencing any changes over 1 year In 44 @entity298 @entity1 , we collected two paired bone biopsies (at baseline and after 12 months) and biochemical and treatment data (at baseline and every 3 months). Of the 44 original @entity1 , 24 completed the study. Of these 24 @entity1 , 19 were initially diagnosed with @entity79 ( @entity79 ). After 1 year, 12 still had @entity79 ; the other 7 had changed to high turnover @entity79 (HTBL). Another 5 @entity1 were initially diagnosed with HTBL. Among these, 4 still had HTBL at 1 year; 1 had changed to @entity79 . In @entity1 who changed to HTBL from @entity79 , serum albumin had increased to 4.2 +/- 0.3 g/dL at month 12 from 3.7 +/- 0.4 g/dL at baseline (p < 0.05). In @entity1 who still had @entity79 , serum albumin did not change. Additionally, the percentage increase in serum albumin over the study was higher in HTBL @entity1 than in @entity79 @entity1 (0.1408 +/- 0.139 g/dL vs. -0.0076 +/- 0.113 g/dL, p = 0.009). A lower likelihood of @entity6 (p = 0.033) and a higher serum albumin [area under the curve: 0.822; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.651 to 0.993] identified a HTBL diagnosis at 12 months. Older age increased the probability of changing to @entity79 (OR: 1.2935; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.67; p= 0.02). @entity79 can change over time, and this change is associated with age, @entity6 , and serum albumin. A change to HTBL was associated with improvement in serum albumin. Protein status is possibly a factor influencing @entity79 outcome.

title: Serum albumin levels, an additional factor implicated in hyperparathyroidism outcome in XXXX : a prospective study with paired bone biopsies.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['ABL', 'Bone lesions', 'bone lesion', 'adynamic bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many older @entity1 undergo therapy with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), medications that produce effects on platelets and @entity32 similar to those produced with @entity117 . The impact of these agents on mortality after @entity583 is not known. We sought to determine whether the use of NSAIDs alone, or in addition to @entity117 , is associated with a lower 1-year mortality rate in elderly @entity1 after @entity583 . METHODS: We performed an analysis of the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project, a retrospective medical record review that included demographic and clinical information for Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with a diagnosis of @entity583 during 1994 and 1995. The cohort included 48,584 elderly @entity1 with @entity583 without contraindications to NSAID or @entity117 therapy. There were 736 @entity1 (1.5%) who were prescribed NSAIDs alone, 36,211 (74.5%) prescribed @entity117 alone, 2096 (4.3%) prescribed both NSAIDs and @entity117 , and 9541 (19.6%) prescribed neither medication at discharge. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 discharged with neither medication, prescriptions of NSAID therapy alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65-0.90), @entity117 alone (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77-0.86), and both medications (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.88) were associated with lower adjusted 1-year mortality rates. Compared with @entity1 prescribed NSAID therapy at discharge, there was no significant benefit associated with the addition of @entity117 , and the benefit of NSAID therapy was not significantly different from that of @entity117 alone. CONCLUSION: The prescription of NSAID therapy at hospital discharge for elderly Medicare beneficiaries who survived @entity583 was associated with similarly lower 1-year mortality rates as compared with @entity117 therapy. The addition of @entity117 to NSAID therapy was not associated with an additional survival benefit.

title: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Arteriolar myogenic vasoconstriction occurs when increased stretch or membrane tension leads to smooth muscle cell depolarization and opening of voltage-gated @entity141 channels. To prevent positive feedback and excessive pressure-induced vasoconstriction, studies in cerebral artery smooth muscle have suggested that activation of large conductance, @entity141 -activated K+ channels ( @entity9476 ) provides an opposing hyperpolarizing influence reducing @entity141 channel activity. We have hypothesized that this mechanism may not equally apply to all vascular beds. To establish the existence of such heterogeneity in vascular reactivity, studies were performed on @entity35 vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells from cremaster muscle arterioles and cerebral arteries. Whole cell K+ currents were determined at pipette [ @entity141 ] of 100 nM or 5 microM in the presence and absence of the @entity9476 inhibitor, @entity19191 ( @entity19191 ; 0.1 microM). Similar outward current densities were observed for the two cell preparations at the lower pipette @entity141 levels. At 5 microM @entity141 , cremaster VSM showed a significantly (P < 0.05) lower current density compared to cerebral VSM (34.5 +/- 1.9 vs 45.5 +/- 1.7 pA pF(-1) at +70 mV). Studies with @entity19191 suggested that the differences in K+ conductance at 5 microM intracellular [ @entity141 ] were largely due to activity of @entity9476 . @entity53 (1 microM), reported to potentiate @entity9476 current via the channel's beta-subunit, caused a greater effect on whole cell K+ currents in cerebral vessel smooth muscle cells (SMCs) compared to those of cremaster muscle. In contrast, the alpha-subunit-selective @entity9476 opener, @entity45852 (20 microM), exerted a similar effect in both preparations. Spontaneously transient outward currents (STOCs) were more apparent (frequency and amplitude) and occurred at more negative membrane potentials in cerebral compared to cremaster SMCs. Also consistent with decreased STOC activity in cremaster SMCs was an absence of detectable @entity141 sparks (0 of 76 cells) compared to that in cerebral SMCs (76 of 105 cells). Quantitative PCR showed decreased mRNA expression for the beta1 subunit and a decrease in the beta1:alpha ratio in cremaster arterioles compared to cerebral vessels. Similarly, cremaster arterioles showed a decrease in total @entity9476 protein and the beta1:alpha-subunit ratio. The data support vascular heterogeneity with respect to the activity of @entity9476 in terms of both beta-subunit regulation and interaction with SR-mediated @entity141 signalling.

title: Heterogeneity in function of small artery smooth muscle XXXX : involvement of the beta1-subunit.

entities_list: @entity19191 :: ('MESH:C064719', 'Chemical') :: ['IBTX', 'iberiotoxin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-Oestradiol']

answer: @entity9476 :: (83731(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['BKCa']


abstract: Tympanometric screening of @entity1 admitted to paediatric wards has not previously been undertaken. In order to describe the middle ear status and to estimate the point prevalence of @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ) in this population a preliminary study based on a single tympanometry test was undertaken. @entity2171 was defined by the finding of a flat curve in the tympanogram of at least one ear. 601 @entity1 were admitted during the study period. 427 (71%) entered the study and this group was representative of the total population that was referred. 82% were found to have an abnormal middle ear pressure and @entity2171 was diagnosed in 59% of the @entity1 . 76% of the @entity1 were 0- to 4-year-olds. 31% were admitted due to @entity1729 and 41% presented with catarrhalic symptoms. @entity2171 was associated with the age group of 0- to 4-year-olds and with the presence of catarrhalic symptoms. The population of paediatric in- @entity1 represents the highest frequency of abnormal tympanometry findings hitherto reported. It should be emphasized that the one-time finding of a flat tympanogram does have the correlation but no congruence with @entity2171 and the finding of this high prevalence of @entity2171 needs to be followed up by studies using independent methods for confirmation of the middle ear fluid.

title: Tympanometric screening in XXXX on admission to a paediatric ward: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['MEE', 'middle ear effusion']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Multiple forms of @entity6625 carboxylase mRNA were previously detected in the mammary gland (Lopez-Casillas, F., Luo, X., Kong, I.-S., and Kim, K.-H. (1989) Gene, in press). We have now established that the @entity35 liver also contains heterogeneous @entity6625 carboxylase mRNA populations that differ in the 5'-untranslated region. In addition, the liver contains a unique form of @entity6625 carboxylase mRNA in which the 5'-nontranslated end differs from the species in mammary gland. The 5' end of this unique species was characterized using a procedure for cloning minute amounts of primer extension products (pAU clones). This procedure should also be useful for obtaining full length clones of other mRNAs. The DNA sequence of pAU clones indicates that this liver-specific @entity6625 carboxylase mRNA has a 315-base long untranslated region. The first 242 @entity2036 replace the 5' end of the predominant @entity6625 carboxylase mRNA found in the mammary gland (FL56 type). Under lipogenic conditions the unique liver @entity6625 carboxylase mRNA increases and is the major species of @entity6625 carboxylase mRNA. Livers from @entity35 fed a normal diet and the mammary glands of lactating @entity35 do not contain detectable amounts of the pAU type mRNA. On the other hand, the epididymal adipose tissue from these animals contains mainly the pAU type and only minimal amounts of the FL56 type. The multiple forms of @entity6625 carboxylase mRNA appear to be generated by differential splicing. In addition, transcription appears to be physiologically regulated by the use of tissue-specific @entity6625 carboxylase gene promoters.

title: Heterogeneity at the 5' end of XXXX acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase mRNA. Lipogenic conditions enhance synthesis of a unique mRNA in liver.

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Although alloreactive T cells are required for the induction of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), other factors can influence outcome in @entity19 models of the disease. @entity348 ( @entity348 ) conditioning regimens followed by reconstitution with allogeneic lymphohematopoietic cells results in the generation of donor anti-host cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated solid organ (gut, liver, skin) destruction. In contrast, donor anti-host CTL-mediated hematopoietic failure is the primary cause of morbidity following sublethal @entity348 . To determine the role of @entity60 in graft-versus-host reactions against hematopoietic and solid organ targets, we used @entity60 knockout @entity19 as donors in both lethal @entity348 and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) rescue and sublethal @entity348 models. In this report, we show that CD4+ T cells from @entity60 knockout (KO) @entity19 resulted in accelerated @entity2132 after lethal @entity348 /BMT using a single major histocompatibility class II mismatch model. In marked contrast, the use of these same @entity55808 + donor cells in combination with sublethal @entity348 significantly ameliorated @entity2132 -associated mortality. In these recipients, severe @entity417 , @entity236 , and intestinal lesions were observed in the presence but not the absence of donor-derived @entity60 . Administration of anti- @entity60 antibodies to sublethally irradiated recipients of wild-type donor cells confirmed the role of @entity60 depletion in CD4+ T cell-mediated @entity2132 . In conclusion, the extent of conditioning markedly affects the role of @entity60 in @entity2132 lesions mediated by CD4+ T cells. In models using sublethal @entity348 , the absence of @entity60 is protective from @entity2132 , whereas in lethal @entity348 situations, the loss is deleterious.

title: Opposing roles of @entity60 on CD4+ T cell-mediated XXXX : effects of conditioning.

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Lethal total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aplasia']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage have shown antitumor activity in vitro and in @entity19 models after activation with @entity60 . In vitro data suggest an additional effect on macrophage antitumor activity when @entity379 is combined with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides; @entity558 ). In this study we treated nine @entity5 @entity1 with a total of 62 MAK infusion cycles with autologous macrophages given intravenously (i.v.) after in vitro activation with @entity379 and @entity558 . Low-grade fever (WHO I/II) was the commonest side-effect. Chills, @entity390 , and @entity10 were noted when the number of transfused macrophages exceeded 2 x 10(8). One WHO IV @entity137 occurred, consisting of @entity551 after transfer of 3 x 10(8) cells, defining this dose as the maximum cell number tolerated. After pretreatment with @entity5018 , however, the maximum cell number could be increased without reaching dose-limiting @entity137 . The highest number of cells reinfused was 15 x 10(8). Circulating @entity650 increased in a dose-dependent manner as did @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) and @entity687 . @entity5 response consisted of one case of stable disease (12 weeks) in a @entity1 with formerly progressing @entity14 and @entity74 in eight @entity1 . This study indicates that reinfusion of autologous @entity558 -activated macrophages upon pretreatment with @entity5018 is feasible and tolerated without major side-effects.

title: Phase I trial of adoptive immunotherapy of XXXX @entity1 using monocyte-derived macrophages activated with @entity379 and lipopolysaccharide.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1RA', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive diseases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity50744 (Kp), products of the @entity6829 gene, have emerged as essential elements in the control of GnRH neurons and gonadotropic secretion. However, despite considerable progress in the field, to date limited attention has been paid to elucidate the potential interactions of Kp with other neurotransmitters known to centrally regulate the @entity2270 . We characterize herein the impact of manipulations of key aminoacidergic ( @entity2227 and @entity1246 ), peptidergic (NKB, Dyn, and @entity13828 ), and gaseous [ @entity842 (NO)] neurotransmission on gonadotropin responses to Kp-10 in male @entity35 . Blockade of ionotropic @entity2227 receptors (of the @entity143 and non- @entity143 type) variably decreased LH responses to Kp-10, whereas activation of both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, which enhanced LH and FSH release per se, failed to further increase gonadotropin responses to Kp-10. In fact, coactivation of metabotropic receptors attenuated LH and FSH responses to Kp-10. Selective activation of @entity1246 (A) receptors decreased Kp-induced gonadotropin secretion, whereas their blockade elicited robust LH and FSH bursts and protracted responses to Kp-10 when combined with @entity1246 (B) receptor inhibition. Blockade of Dyn signaling (at k-opioid receptors) enhanced LH responses to Kp-10, whereas activation of Dyn and NKB signaling modestly reduced Kp-induced LH and FSH release. Finally, @entity13828 decreased basal LH secretion and modestly reduced FSH responses to Kp-10, whereas LH responses to Kp-10 were protracted after inhibition of NO synthesis. In summary, we present herein evidence for the putative roles of @entity2227 , @entity1246 , Dyn, NKB, @entity13828 , and NO in modulating gonadotropic responses to Kp in male @entity35 . Our pharmacological data will help to characterize the central interactions and putative hierarchy of key neuroendocrine pathways involved in the control of the @entity2270 .

title: Differential modulation of gonadotropin responses to kisspeptin by aminoacidergic, peptidergic, and XXXX neurotransmission.

entities_list: @entity50744 :: ('MESH:D059648', 'Chemical') :: ['Kisspeptins']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotropic axis']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Prospective evaluation of repeated standard tourniquet testing as a diagnostic indicator of @entity281 was done. Included were @entity1 admitted to a @entity1 's hospital in Kuala Lumpur on a clinical suspicion of @entity281 based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. A standard method of tourniquet was performed on 79 @entity1 on a daily basis following admission. subjects and negative in the remaining 14 subjects. Fifty-eight subjects were serologically confirmed cases, 4 indeterminate and the remaining 17 subjects had negative serology. For diagnostic classification, 13 had @entity779 , 49 with @entity779 ( @entity779 ) while 17 had @entity281 . The sensitivity and specificity of the tourniquet test was 82.8% and 23.5% respectively. The positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) was 78.7% while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 28.6%. In addition, the tourniquet test aided in the diagnosis of one-fifth of @entity1 with @entity779 , who presented with a positive tourniquet test as the only bleeding manifestation. It seems that in a hospital setting, the tourniquet test adds little to the diagnosis of @entity281 / @entity779 . A positive tourniquet test, repeatedly performed, was found clinically useful as a preliminary screening test in @entity281 as recommended by WHO. However, it was not very specific and had a high false positive rate.

title: Repeated tourniquet testing as a diagnostic tool in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['non-dengue infection', 'dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['DHF', 'dengue fever', 'dengue haemmorhagic fever']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['dengue infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most tendon pathology is associated with degeneration, which is thought to involve cyclic loading and cumulative age-related changes in tissue architecture. However, the association between aging and degeneration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tendons has not been investigated extensively. METHODS: We examined tenocytes from Achilles tendons taken from @entity35 of three different ages (2, 12, and 24 months). Tenocyte viability was assessed using the @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the levels of mRNAs that encode type-I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, @entity22555 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1. Gelatin zymography was used to evaluate the enzymatic activities of @entity33238 . Furthermore, the concentration of @entity1810 in conditioned medium was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The results of the @entity98 assay showed that the number of viable tenocytes decreased with age. No differences were observed in the levels of mRNAs that encode type-I collagen and @entity1810 among the three age groups, and the @entity1810 concentration did not change with age. However, mRNAs that encode @entity33238 were significantly more abundant in tenocytes from the aging group, and gelatin zymography revealed that the enzymatic activities of @entity33238 also increased significantly with age. Furthermore, as compared with young group, mRNAs that encode @entity22555 were significantly decreased in tenocytes from the aging group. CONCLUSIONS: Activities of @entity11017 and @entity6929 in tenocytes increase with age. This might provide a mechanistic explanation of how aging contributes to @entity924 or @entity397 with age.

title: Aging is associated with increased activities of XXXX in tenocytes.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity22555 :: ('116510;29543', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1 and -2', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture']

answer: @entity11017 :: (81686(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidermal dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from @entity1569 possess greatly enhanced T lymphocyte-activating properties compared with DCs from normal skin, suggesting that DCs in @entity1569 express surface antigens crucial for antigen presentation. These include @entity12078 -integrins and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine DC phenotype in psoriatic compared with normal epidermis with respect to these molecules. METHODS: Tissue sections were single labeled with a peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical technique and double labeled where necessary with a combination of a @entity2786 and an alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique. RESULTS: In psoriatic compared with normal skin, decreased numbers of DCs expressed @entity4896 (p less than 0.05), whereas increased numbers of DCs expressed class II major histocompatibility antigens (p less than 0.05). In normal skin positive staining for @entity1454 was not observed, whereas in @entity1569 both @entity4896 + and @entity4896 - DCs expressed @entity12078 -integrins, @entity1453 ( @entity1453 / @entity1454 ), and @entity40647 ( @entity2935 / @entity1454 ). DCs in @entity483 and @entity9338 were also found to express @entity12078 -integrins. Neither @entity9536 ( @entity9536 / @entity1454 ) nor @entity2071 was observed on DCs. CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with either migration of dendritic antigen-presenting cells into the epidermis or in situ cytokine modulation of Langerhans cell phenotype in inflamed skin. Furthermore, they indicate that epidermal DCs in @entity1569 and other cutaneous inflammatory diseases express molecules that are known to be crucial for Langerhans cell-driven T-cell activation in vitro.

title: Epidermal dendritic cells in XXXX possess a phenotype associated with antigen presentation: in situ expression of @entity12078 -integrins.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['lichen planus']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two main options for treatment of @entity5149 are the "French" functional method and the Ponseti method. The goal of this article was to evaluate the results of the functional treatment method, which, if necessary, is completed by a surgical release. @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 187 feet (129 @entity1 ) underwent functional conservative treatment. At first evaluation, the feet were classified according to the classification of Dimeglio. All @entity1 then underwent daily physiotherapy and splintage, which was progressively stopped during childhood. Among these 187 feet, 85 feet (45.5%) required soft-tissue release to correct the @entity85 . Surgery, when required, consisted of a complete posterolateral and medial release procedure, combined with a lengthening of the tibialis anterior tendon in most cases and a bony lateral procedure in case of forefoot adduction. RESULTS: At the latest follow-up (14.7 y; range, 7.4 to 23 y), results were "good" or "very good" in almost 98% of feet, according to the Ghanem and Seringe score. Severe feet at first consultation showed a worse result and required surgery more often than did the less severe ones. Among nonoperated feet, very good results were found in 99% of feet, and none had a fair or bad result. The average age at surgery was 2.5 years. Feet operated upon had lower results compared with the others. At last follow-up, among the operated feet, the results were excellent or good in 95% of the feet. The results were fair or bad in 4 cases; all 4 feet had been operated upon more than once. The results were not statistically dependent on age at the time of surgery, but feet operated upon before the age of 2 years had statistically more flattening of the talar dome and subtalar stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: The functional treatment of clubfoot leads to a very good result without the need for surgery in more than half of the @entity1 . The initial severity of the feet is the main factor that influences the final result. The rate of feet not requiring surgery should be increased by recent modifications to the method, including percutaneous Achilles tenotomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-retrospective series.

title: Long-term results of treatment of XXXX in 187 feet: outcome of the functional "French" method, if necessary completed by soft-tissue release.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['remaining deformity']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['congenital idiopathic clubfoot']

answer: @entity5149 :: (MESH:D003025,Disease) :: ['congenital idiopathic clubfoot']


abstract: Life-time @entity1955 therapy is obligatory in @entity1 treated for @entity259 ( @entity259 ) in order to suppress serum TSH. The rationale for that is the TSH stimulation of follicular cells' growth and the presence of TSH receptors on @entity259 cells. Nevertheless, the exact criteria for TSH suppression in @entity259 are not specified and are a matter of discussion, stimulated by the recent progress in the evaluation of @entity1955 side effects on bone and heart. The aim of the study was the optimalization of the reference range for TSH suppression in @entity259 @entity1 in order to minimalize the risk of @entity4499 . One hundred and twenty nine @entity1 were randomly chosen among @entity1 treated radically for @entity259 (116 females and 13 males). Basal and TRH stimulated TSH level, FT4 and FT3 serum level were estimated by microimmunoenzymatic method, while @entity443 was estimated by immunofluorimetry. Full suppression (basal TSH < 0.05) was obtained in 64 @entity1 (49%), submaximal suppression (TSH between 0.1 and 0.3 mU/l) was observed in 21 @entity1 (16%). In 29 @entity1 (22%) no suppression was obtained by the applied dose of @entity1955 . The risk of iatrogenic hyperthyreosis, as judged by the increase of FT3 or @entity443 , was found to be 38% in @entity1 with full suppression and only 5% in @entity1 with submaximal suppression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: 1. Suppression of TSH secretion was achieved in 80% of @entity1 with @entity259 . The control of TSH level must be controlled every 3 months in 5 first years of therapy. 2. The optimal serum TSH level for @entity1955 therapy in asymptomatic @entity1 after radical treatment of @entity259 ranges between 0.1 to 0.3 mU/L. This range ensures the expected suppression of TSH with only minimal risk of iatrogenic hyperthyreosis.

title: [ @entity1955 therapy in XXXX : criteria for evaluation of TSH suppression].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'differentiated thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['differentiated thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity9140 ( @entity9140 )/ @entity669 kinase B ( @entity26304 ) receptor signaling promotes trophoblast growth in normal and abnormal pregnancy. It also regulates the growth of malignant trophoblastic, @entity1466 cells. However, possible involvement of this signaling system in hydatidiform mole, another major @entity1469 , has not been determined. Here, we found the expression of @entity9140 in syncytiotrophoblasts and its receptor, @entity26304 , in cytotrophoblasts of hydatidiform mole using real-time RT-PCR and immunoassays. In molar explant cultures, treatment with soluble @entity26304 ectodomain or a Trk receptor inhibitor K252a inhibited trophoblast outgrowth as well as decreased cytotrophoblast proliferation and cellular viability based on histopathological analyses and @entity413 metabolism monitoring. These inhibitors also increased apoptosis and @entity185 /7 activities. In an in vivo model of hydatidiform molar growth based on xenotransplantation of molar tissues into kidney capsules of @entity915 @entity19 , treatment with K252a suppressed molar growth as reflected by decreased trophoblast proliferation and their invasion into @entity19 kidney, reduced tissue levels of chorionic gonadotropin-b, and increased apoptosis. Based on PCR array analyses to identify changes in expression profiles of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes in cultured molar explants, suppression of endogenous @entity26304 signaling led to decreases in key cell cycle-stimulatory and checkpoint genes together with the down-regulation of different antiapoptotic genes. Our findings demonstrate the importance of paracrine signaling by the @entity9140 / @entity26304 system in the proliferation and survival of molar trophoblasts. Inhibition of @entity9140 / @entity26304 signaling could provide a novel medical treatment for hydatidiform mole.

title: Suppression of hydatidiform molar growth by inhibiting endogenous @entity9140 / XXXX kinase B signaling.

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine use of thrombolytic drugs for @entity583 and use of contraindications to treatment in the United Kingdom. DESIGN: Observational study, based on a continuing audit. SETTING: 39 hospitals in the United Kingdom. @entity1 : 30,029 @entity1 admitted between November 1992 and June 1995 with suspected @entity583 . RESULTS: Of 13,628 @entity1 with a final diagnosis of @entity583 10,316 (75.7%) were considered eligible for thrombolytic treatment on the basis of typical cardiographic changes or new @entity714 . Of these, 8139 (59.7%) were diagnosed at admission to hospital and 6991 (85.9%) were administered thrombolytic drugs; 14.1% were considered too late for treatment or had a clinical contraindication. In 2177 @entity1 (16% of 13,628)-thrombolytic treatment was given in the absence of contraindications and after the diagnosis of @entity1188 had been confirmed by further electrocardiographic evidence. A further 591 (4.3%) with a final diagnosis of definite @entity1188 without typical cardiographic changes also received thrombolytic treatment as did 1018 @entity1 without a final diagnosis of definite @entity1188 . In total, 9459 of 13,628 @entity1 (71.6%) received thrombolytic treatment. The range of use of treatment between hospitals for a final diagnosis of @entity1188 was 49.1-85.4%. This variation reflected differences in the frequency with which a diagnosis of @entity583 was made at admission, and the subsequent use of clinical contraindications to thrombolytic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: 75.7% of @entity1 with a final diagnosis of @entity583 were eligible for thrombolytic treatment on the basis of cardiographic changes. Differences between hospitals in the frequency with which a diagnosis of @entity1188 was made on admission, and differences in subsequent use of thrombolytic drugs, results in wide variation in treatment rates. Differences in use of thrombolytic treatment mainly reflect different thresholds for the use of clinical contraindications relating to @entity548 risk.

title: Thrombolytic treatment for XXXX : an examination of practice in 39 United Kingdom hospitals. @entity583 Audit Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'definite myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine how many cases of @entity0 might be found if @entity1 not known to have the disease were thoroughly examined (the disease "reservoir"). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE search from 1966 to the present. STUDY SELECTION: Hospital-based and forensic autopsy series examining @entity1 not known to have had @entity0 during life. DATA EXTRACTION: Observed prevalence of occult @entity0 or @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) in which the number of @entity1 who were given a diagnosis was the numerator and the number of @entity1 examined was the denominator. For each autopsy series, we attempted to ascertain the level of scrutiny (sampling method, number of slides examined) given to the pathologic specimens. DATA SYNTHESIS: Among seven autopsy series of @entity1 not known to have had @entity0 during life, the median prevalence of @entity0 was 1.3% (range, 0% to 1.8%) and the median prevalence of @entity3821 was 8.9% (range, 0% to 14.7%). Prevalences were higher among @entity1 likely to have been screened (that is, @entity1 40 to 70 years of age). The mean number of slides examined per breast ranged from 9 to 275; series that reported higher levels of scrutiny tended to discover more cases of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: A substantial reservoir of @entity3821 is undetected during life. How hard pathologists look for the disease and, perhaps, their threshold for making the diagnosis are potentially important factors in determining how many cases of @entity3821 are diagnosed. The latter has important implications for what it means to have the disease.

title: Using autopsy series to estimate the disease "reservoir" for XXXX of the breast: how much more @entity0 can we find?

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ']


abstract: In an attempt to screen out cellulase producing bacteria from herbivorous animal fecal matter it was possible to isolate a potent bacterium from @entity291 dung. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus sp. using 16S rDNA based molecular phylogenetic approach. The effect of different agricultural wastes, paper wastes and @entity5070 cellulose on endoglucanase production was tested and was found to produce maximally at 8% @entity5070 cellulose. The endoglucanase was precipitated by @entity1329 saturation and purified by @entity8851 - @entity3367 column. The purification was achieved 8.5 fold from the crude extract with a yield of 68.1%. The molecular weight of the protein was determined to be 97 kDa by @entity214 -PAGE. The enzymatic activity was moderately reduced by detergents ( @entity214 , @entity9266 ), metal ions ( @entity13718 , @entity21482 ) and @entity1098 . The endoglucanase was stable between pH 5.0 - 9.0 and temperature between 20-70  C with optimal activity at pH 7.0 and temperature 50  C. The apparent Km value of the enzyme for the substrate @entity5070 cellulose was recorded to be 0.25 mg/ml. The endoglucanase was stable in the presence of commercial detergents such as Ariel, Surf Excel and Tide, indicated might be of potential applications in detergent industry. The enzyme from this strain could also be applied in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable @entity3363 .

title: Production, purification and characterization of a novel thermotolerant endoglucanase (CMCase) from Bacillus strain isolated from XXXX dung.

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

entities_list: @entity3367 :: ('MESH:D012685', 'Chemical') :: ['Sepharose']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of substituting noninvasive diagnostic studies for Swan-Ganz catheter (SGC) placement in the evaluation of acutely ill @entity1 . DESIGN: Modified decision analysis. METHODS: Using published studies that define effectiveness of clinical examination, echocardiography, and SGC placement to diagnose @entity3126 , an analysis of the impact of substituting three diagnostic approaches using (1) @entity922 ( @entity922 ), (2) M-mode two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (EC), or (3) @entity922 then EC if necessary for SGC placement was considered. STUDY POPULATION: @entity1 with @entity649 and radiographic findings of @entity3126 , and ICU @entity1 with @entity551 and/or @entity3126 without @entity299 . INTERVENTIONS: Three approaches using noninvasive studies were substituted for placement of SGC in the initial evaluation of @entity3126 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The number of SGCs placed, the number of tests needed to diagnose (NTND) all cases of @entity1284 , and the total number of procedure-related adverse events were calculated for each diagnostic approach and compared to SGC placement. EC, and @entity922 then EC approaches produced fewer procedure-related serious complications and @entity204 , compared to the SGC approach; however, these approaches also produced a higher NTND and total procedures performed than did the SGC or @entity922 approaches. The @entity922 approach led to reduced NTND and procedure-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Substituting noninvasive studies for SGC placement in the initial evaluation of acutely ill @entity1 may slightly reduce procedure-related adverse events, but it may also increase the number of procedures performed. Studies of SGC use are warranted and need to include a @entity922 control group and an analysis of resource utilization.

title: Impact of noninvasive studies to distinguish @entity1284 from XXXX in acutely ill @entity1 with @entity3126 : analysis of the medical literature from 1966 to 1998.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'clinical assessment']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['ARDS']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the success rate, side effects, reproductive outcome, and possible pitfalls of systemic low-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) for treatment of ectopic pregnancy (EP). DESIGN: Longitudinal, nonrandomized trial Setting. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a teaching hospital in Germany. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: Forty @entity1 with EP were treated with a single dose of @entity1500 20 to 40 mg intravenously. The highest pretreatment @entity1 @entity1465 titer was 21,100 mIU/ml. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 (92.5%) were treated successfully. Thirty-four (85%) received a single dose of @entity1500 . Six (15%) required a second dose about a week later. Three @entity1 (7. 5%) required surgical intervention. Serum @entity1500 levels decreased below 0.1 micromol/L (45.4 microg/L) within 24 hours. In 53.8% of @entity1 hCG levels decreased directly after treatment; in 46.2% levels increased within the first 5 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In selected @entity1 , systemic low-dose @entity1500 is an effective way to treat EP, and has no demonstrable side effects.

title: Systemic treatment of ectopic pregnancies with single-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous changes in QRS morphology during sustained reentrant @entity1165 , occurring gradually or abruptly, causing the @entity591 to be polymorphic, have been described in clinical cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism for such changes in a @entity235 @entity1188 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Reentrant circuits were mapped in the epicardial border zone during sustained @entity1165 in the @entity235 heart, 4 days after left anterior descending @entity1563 . In 10 @entity591 , there was either an abrupt change in QRS morphology or a gradual change that took up to 25 cycles. When the latter occurred, the ECG resembled @entity1166 . Maps showed that the predominant mechanism for the change in QRS was a shift in the exit route by which the impulse left the reentrant circuit to activate the ventricles (9/10 @entity591 ). Such shifts resulted from small changes in conduction velocity in segments of the circuit, either speeding or slowing, which modified the length of the functional lines of block. Movement of the circuit to a different region was responsible for the change in QRS in only one of these experiments, in which the reentrant mechanism also changed from functional to anatomic. CONCLUSION: Subtle changes in conduction in reentrant circuits can alter QRS morphology. Changes in the exit route from a stable reentrant circuit can cause the ECG characteristics to resemble @entity1166 .

title: Mechanisms for spontaneous changes in QRS morphology sometimes resembling @entity1166 during reentrant XXXX in a @entity235 @entity1188 model.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Transcriptional antiterminator proteins of the BglG family control the expression of enzyme II (EII) @entity1735 transporters of the bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS). In the PTS, @entity11064 groups are transferred from @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) via the phosphotransferases enzyme I (EI) and HPr to the EIIs, which phosphorylate their substrates during transport. Activity of the antiterminators is negatively controlled by reversible phosphorylation catalyzed by the cognate EIIs in response to substrate availability and positively controlled by the PTS. For the @entity526 coli BglG antiterminator, two different mechanisms for activation by the PTS were proposed. According to the first model, BglG is activated by HPr-catalyzed phosphorylation at a site distinct from the EII-dependent phosphorylation site. According to the second model, BglG is not activated by phosphorylation, but solely through interaction with EI and HPr, which are localized at the cell pole. Subsequently BglG is released from the cell pole to the cytoplasm as an active dimer. Here we addressed this discrepancy and found that activation of BglG requires phosphorylatable HPr or the HPr homolog FruB in vivo. Further, we uniquely demonstrate that purified BglG protein becomes phosphorylated by FruB as well as by HPr in vitro. @entity3793 residue 208 in BglG is essential for this phosphorylation. These data suggest that BglG is in fact activated by phosphorylation and that there is no principal difference between the PTS-exerted mechanisms controlling the activities of BglG family proteins in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

title: Activation of XXXX coli antiterminator BglG requires its phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['Histidine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity11064 :: ('CHEBI:29315', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoryl']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia']


abstract: @entity1795 in @entity309 are caused by either @entity5040 or by direct invasion of the tendon by @entity1184 tenosynovium. All @entity397 occur within the carpal canal and represent the most common cause of @entity397 . Removal of the causative @entity5040 is imperative in the treatment of this condition. Ruptures due to invasive @entity2762 also are frequently found within the carpal canal. These @entity397 may be unanticipated, and may be discovered as an incidental finding during flexor tenosynovectomy. Ruptures due to invasive @entity2762 within the digit carry an unfavorable prognosis. The prognosis for restoring flexion in the event of a flexor @entity397 is determined by the location of the @entity397 , the etiology, the degree of articular involvement from the @entity309 , and to a lesser extent, by the number of @entity397 tendons. In general, isolated or double @entity397 have a better prognosis than those caused by invasive @entity2762 since the condition of the tendons is more favorable for reconstruction; however, as the number of @entity397 increases, the prognosis in both conditions worsens. @entity397 is quite difficult to treat, with @entity397 in zone 2 carrying the worst prognosis for the restoration of flexion. The severity of the @entity1 's @entity309 and @entity66 has a great effect on the outcome of the reconstructive surgery. Prevention of @entity397 by early tenosynovectomy and the @entity5040 should be the goal of the surgeon.

title: XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['articular disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['attrition on bone spurs', 'removal of bone spurs', 'bone spur']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures within the carpal canal due to attrition', 'tendon rupture', 'ruptures', 'ruptured', 'rupture', 'tendon ruptures', 'attrition ruptures', 'Rupture of both tendons within the digital sheath']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid disease']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['Flexor tendon ruptures']

answer: @entity1795 :: (MESH:D052582,Disease) :: ['Flexor tendon ruptures']


abstract: Experiments were conducted to elucidate the role of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in arousal and the orienting of attention to peripheral targets. @entity2608 and @entity1 fixated a visual stimulus and responded to the onset of visual targets presented randomly in two visual field locations. The target was preceded by a valid cue (cue and target at the same location), an invalid cue (cue and target to opposite locations), a double cue (cues to both spatial locations, target to one), or, the cue was omitted (no-cue, target to either location). Reaction times (RTs) to the onset of the target were recorded. For monkeys, systemic injections of @entity1239 (0.003-0.012 mg/kg) or @entity3897 (0.001-0.01 mg/kg), but not saline control injections, reduced mean RTs for all trials, indicating general behavioral stimulation. In addition, @entity1239 significantly reduced RTs for invalid trials but had little additional effect on those for valid, double, or no-cue trials. Virtually identical effects were observed for @entity1 chronic @entity286 smokers in performing the same task following cigarette smoking. Injections of @entity3897 in monkeys had no effect on RTs for valid or invalid trials but significantly slowed RTs in double-cue trials that did not require the orienting of attention. These results suggest that in both species, the nicotinic cholinergic system may play a role in automatic sensory orienting. In addition, the muscarinic system may play a role in alerting to visual stimuli in monkeys.

title: Effects of altering brain cholinergic activity on covert orienting of attention: comparison of monkey and XXXX performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJETIVE: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) is an uncommon disorder characterized by @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) occasionally associated with serrated @entity652 (SA) or @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) and defined by clinical criteria (OMS/Cleveland). @entity1412 is heterogeneous regarding the number and size of @entity1127 , and it is associated with colorectal c  ncer ( @entity14 ) and a family history. Its genetic basis is unknow. We describe individuals with @entity1412 criteria from a series of families assessed in our Unit of Genetic Advice for @entity1412 . Our objective is to identify the clinical characteristics of this syndrome. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 197 families with @entity1412 (1998-2011), identifying @entity1 with @entity1412 criteria. To know the number of @entity1127 , we took into account polypectomies and/or the histologic study of surgical samples. @entity1127 were classified into @entity652 , serrated lesiones ( @entity1127 and SA) and @entity1127 . Genetic studies revealed: @entity124 ( @entity124 ), @entity20701 gene variants ( @entity50474 , @entity50475 and @entity54564 ) and @entity1412 gene. RESULTS: Eighteen individuals, with a median age of 51.1 years, had criteria of @entity1412 (11M/7F). Number of @entity1127 varied between 14 and 100 coexisting with classical @entity652 , SA and @entity1127 in 14 individuals (77.8%). Localization of @entity1127 : ascending and descending colon in 13 individuals (72.2%) and only descending colon in 5 (27.8%). A @entity14 was detected in 10/18 (55.6%) @entity1 , and 3 of them had a double @entity14 , a family history in 3 @entity1 (16.7%) and a history of @entity1412 in one. IMS was not detected in 8 @entity14 nor in 3 @entity652 studied; we detected 2/13 heterozygous mutations in the @entity20701 gene ( @entity50475 ) and one variant with an unknown biological significance in the @entity1412 gene ( @entity54565 ). CONCLUSIONS: The phenotypic variability of @entity1412 difficults its identification, hence it is important to adhere to the clinical criteria established for its classification as well as to establish screening guidelines for @entity14 on the basis of its high incidence.

title: [ XXXX : phenotypic diversity and association to @entity14 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity54565 :: ('p|SUB|S|926|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Ser926Pro']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyps', 'HP', 'MP', 'polyps', 'mixed polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity50474 :: ('p|SUB|Y|165|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Tyr165Cys']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['HPS', 'colonic polyposis', 'APC', 'Hyperplastic polyposis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity50475 :: ('p|SUB|G|382|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly382Asp']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['Hyperplastic polyposis syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of vasodilator @entity16825 to @entity619 with hyaluronidase injections and physiotherapy in the treatment of @entity2345 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity2345 were randomly assigned into three groups. Group A @entity1 (n   =   15) received 10  mg @entity16825 tablets four times per day, group B (n   =   15) biweekly @entity619 with hyaluronidase intralesional injections, and group C (n   =   10) placebo tablets. In addition, all @entity1 were instructed physiotherapy exercises. The treatment time was 6  weeks and @entity1 were followed-up for 4  months thereafter. The effect of the treatment was evaluated by measurements of inter-incisal distance and @entity809 and evaluation of histological findings of the diseased mucosa. RESULTS: Mouth opening increased and burning sensation decreased significantly in all groups, but the effects were significantly greater in groups receiving either oral @entity16825 or @entity619 with hyaluronidase injections in addition to physiotherapy. The @entity809 occurred more rapidly in @entity1 receiving intralesional @entity619 with hyaluronidase. Histological improvement was not observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity16825 as well as @entity619 with hyaluronidase injections combined to physiotherapy alleviate symptoms of @entity2345 significantly more efficiently than physiotherapy alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Oral @entity16825 can be considered as a new candidate drug for the treatment of @entity2345 . Physiotherapy exercises provide relief of symptoms and should be instructed to all @entity1 .

title: Vasodilator @entity16825 alleviates symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2345 :: ('MESH:D009914', 'Disease') :: ['oral submucous fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['oral burning sensation', 'decrease in burning sensation']

entities_list: @entity16825 :: ('MESH:D007556', 'Chemical') :: ['isoxsuprine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity2345 :: (MESH:D009914,Disease) :: ['oral submucous fibrosis']


abstract: In late 1984, 10 @entity1 in a small, rural town in Brazil had high fever associated with @entity391 and @entity490 . Within 12-48 h of the onset of fever, @entity4125 developed associated with @entity455 and peripheral @entity39 . All 10 @entity1 died. Cerebrospinal fluid examinations did not suggest @entity693 and, when done, tests were negative for @entity3631 . Other culture, serological, and necropsy examinations did not reveal a cause. Case-finding uncovered another cluster of similar illness in @entity1 in a second town and sporadic cases in five other cities. Two case-control studies demonstrated that @entity1 who became ill were significantly more likely than control @entity1 to have had @entity2024 during the month before illness. This @entity2024 was purulent, preceded the onset of more severe disease by 3-15 days, and had resolved before fever began. Although no conjunctival cultures were obtained from case- @entity1 , Haemophilus aegyptius was the most common pathogen isolated from other conjunctival cultures during the epidemic. This organism was also isolated from a non-aseptic skin scraping from 1 case @entity1 . A 25-megadalton plasmid distinguished the H aegyptius isolates epidemiologically associated with illness from other Brazilian conjunctival isolates. @entity221 is a newly recognized syndrome of @entity18536 associated with antecedent @entity6063 , possibly caused by H aegyptius.

title: XXXX : @entity18536 associated with antecedent @entity6063 . @entity221 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular collapse']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Brazilian purpuric fever']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity18536 :: ('MESH:D055665', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic purpura fulminans']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity6063 :: ('MESH:D003234', 'Disease') :: ['purulent conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Brazilian purpuric fever']


abstract: We have hybridized pulse-labeled nuclear transcripts to cloned DNA fragments from the @entity95 beta-like globin genes to determine the developmental timing, extent, and asymmetry of their transcription. The fetal-adult gene beta 1 was transcribed in fetal liver but not embryonic nuclei, whereas genes beta 3 and beta 4, which encode embryonic globin polypeptides, were transcribed only in embryonic nuclei. This shows that the switch from embryonic to fetal-adult globin production in @entity95 is accomplished primarily by differential transcription of the beta-like globin genes. Gene beta 1 was subdivided into M13 subclones and tested for hybridization to nascent RNA. The @entity377 sequence of the 3' flanking region of gene beta 1 was also determined for 2,447 base pairs past the polyadenylation [poly(A)] site. No transcripts were found 5' to the cap site, but asymmetric transcription of gene beta 1 proceeded at a high level through the gene and past the poly(A) addition site for 603 @entity2036 . The level of transcription declined after this, gradually dropping through the next 568 @entity2036 . No polymerases were found on a fragment that begins 1,707 @entity2036 past the poly(A) site; this fragment was part of a segment of repetitive DNA. These data show that the transcription unit of gene beta 1 begins at or near the cap @entity377 and extends at least 1,171 but no more than 1,706 @entity2036 past the poly(A) addition site. The DNA segment that precedes the region of declining transcription contained an inverted repeat and encoded a short RNA transcribed by RNA polymerase II from the strand opposite the beta 1 transcript. These two features may function to attenuate the transcription of gene beta 1. An inverted repeat and a potential polymerase II transcription unit were also found in the homologous segment 3' to the @entity1 beta-globin gene. A short DNA segment close to the 3' end of the beta 1 transcription unit was transcribed more actively than the surrounding DNA, and it contained sequences that match the consensus internal control region for RNA polymerase III. This DNA segment may contain a separate polymerase III transcription unit. A member of the D repeat family located 3' to gene beta 1 was not transcribed in its entirety coordinately with beta 1.

title: Transcription unit of the XXXX beta 1 globin gene.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In September 1998, we began to treat iatrogenic @entity2096 with direct @entity556 injection under sonographic guidance. Our purpose was to determine the success and complication rate of this technique. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We treated 114 consecutive @entity1 who had iatrogenic @entity2096 using direct @entity556 injection. A 22-gauge spinal needle was placed into the @entity2849 lumen with sonographic guidance, and @entity291 or @entity1 @entity556 (mean dose, 306 U; range, 50--1600 U) was injected under continuous color Doppler sonographic visualization. Distal pulses were monitored. @entity1 demographics, clinical variables, and @entity2849 characteristics were collected. RESULTS: One hundred three (90%) of 114 @entity1 had @entity715 after the first procedure. Of the remaining 11 @entity1 who required a second procedure 1 day later, @entity715 occurred in seven (64%) of 11. Thus, the overall success rate was 96% (110/114). Of the @entity1 who required one injection, the mean @entity715 time was 12 sec (range, 3--90 sec). Three (3%) of 114 @entity1 required conscious sedation. Of the @entity1 with successful @entity715 , 24-hr follow-up sonograms showed no recurrent @entity2849 . Four @entity1 (4%) had potential complications: a "blue toe" 15 hr after the @entity556 injection that resolved spontaneously, a groin abscess, leg @entity63 that resolved spontaneously after 4 hr, and @entity158 that resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSION: For the treatment of iatrogenic @entity2096 , @entity556 injection under sonographic guidance is a quick and effective method of therapy. Failures and complications are infrequent. At our institution, sonographically guided @entity556 injection has replaced compression repair.

title: Sonographically guided @entity556 injection of iatrogenic XXXX : further experience of a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['crampy buttock pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['femoral pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The contribution of affinity, clonality, and concentration of individual IgE species to effector cell response has recently been characterized in a model with recombinant @entity1 IgE on passively sensitized basophils. This study extends the dependence of effector cell degranulation on IgE concentration to mast cells cultured with IgE for 2 weeks. METHODS: @entity1 mast cells cultured for 7 weeks from peripheral blood stem cells were matured for 2 weeks with @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) and recombinant @entity1 IgE consisting of two clones specific for @entity7130 2 (Derp2) (7% + 7%) and unspecific IgE at 0.8, 8, 80, and 800 kU/L. The density of the IgE receptor, @entity10685 , and mast cell function were measured after challenging with recombinant Derp2 at 14 concentrations from 10 fg/mL to 100 pg/mL. @entity5775 expression, @entity112 release, and @entity1672 (PGD(2)) synthesis were measured, and maximal expression and mast cell sensitivity were calculated. RESULTS: At 800 kU/L IgE, @entity10685 expression varied more than at 80, 8, and 0.8 kU/L IgE. There was a trend toward increased maximal expression of @entity5775 , @entity112 release, and PGD(2) secretion with increasing IgE concentration. At 0.1 kU/L specific IgE, the LC50 increased up to fivefold, least so for PGD(2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 mast cells cultured with rhIgE of known composition are a sensitive model for studying factors governing effector cell degranulation that is close to the in vivo situation. This model can be used to study effects of IgE concentration, clonality, and affinity and may help predict the optimal immunologic treatment for a given @entity1 .

title: Mast cell XXXX density and function dissociate from dependence on soluble IgE concentration at very low and very high IgE concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1672 :: ('MESH:D015230', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin D2']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity10685 :: (2209,Gene) :: ['Fc  RI']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: True @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) in @entity1 with @entity1614 is relatively rare because most @entity449 in this disease are dissecting @entity439 . Therefore, its clinical characteristics and long-term outcome are still unclear. METHODS: We examined six @entity1 (3 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) with @entity1614 who had a true @entity1028 . These @entity1 underwent surgical treatment from 1972 to 2004, and we investigated the clinical and histologic findings. RESULTS: The @entity1 were a median age of 45 years (range, 23-73 years) at the time of operation. The median maximum @entity1028 diameter was 76 mm (range, 30-140 mm). Two AAAs ruptured, one of which had twice undergone stent graft insertion before open repair. There was one anastomotic @entity439 and three @entity1580 with additional repair. Marfan-related @entity299 , all found perioperatively or postoperatively, comprised three @entity1 with @entity1580 and four with @entity337 . Three @entity1 died, including one @entity204 during the operation. Only slight mural @entity715 was seen at nonruptured AAAs, and each surgical specimen of aneurysmal wall demonstrated significant @entity39 in the tunica media. CONCLUSIONS: True AAAs in @entity1614 seemed to have several specific features, such as the tendency to occur in relatively young @entity1 , lack of mural @entity715 , and susceptibility to dissection and @entity397 , and the @entity1 have poor life expectancy. Therefore, careful follow-up, keeping these features in mind, is important to treat @entity1614 @entity1 with a true @entity1028 .

title: True XXXX in @entity1614 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['cystic medial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms in the thoracic area', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissections', 'annuloaortic ectasia']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Focal mechanical injury to the retina substantially increases basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity664 ) and ciliary neurotrophic factor ( @entity5392 ) mRNA expression, accompanied by a transient increase in @entity10702 mRNA, and this response is thought to protect photoreceptors near the injury site from inherited and light-induced @entity2000 . We have now examined retinal gene expression of the principal survival factors involved in the response to injury in normal @entity35 as a function of postnatal age both in normal and injured retinas. @entity35 were injured in one eye by needle incision through the retina at postnatal day (P) 10, 22, 35, 60, 90, 120 and 180. The other eye was uninjured and served as the control. Retinas were taken 1 day post-injury. Northern blot analysis was performed to determine the mRNA expression of the following factors and receptors: @entity664 and acidic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF) and @entity10702 ( @entity10702 ); @entity5392 and @entity5392 receptor alpha ( @entity20959 ); @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) and its receptor @entity10864 ; and @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) and @entity7814 ( @entity7814 ); @entity40 ( @entity40 ) and opsin. In the uninjured control eyes, mRNA expression of most of the factors increased with postnatal age, with little expression at P10 and maximal expression levels reached at P22 (opsin), @entity34093 (aFGF), P60 ( @entity2136 ) or P90 ( @entity664 , @entity10702 , @entity5392 and @entity40 ). In contrast, @entity2135 mRNA rapidly decreased from a high level of expression at P10 to about 55% of that level by P22, reaching a stable 45-50% of the P10 level at @entity34093 and thereafter. The response to injury of @entity664 , @entity10702 , @entity5392 and @entity40 mRNAs increased with postnatal age. Unexpectedly, only minimal increases in @entity664 , @entity10702 , @entity5392 and @entity40 over those seen in the control eyes were observed before @entity34093 . Thereafter, the increase of @entity664 mRNA after injury reached a maximum of three-fold at P60, maintained this level to @entity56419 , and slightly decreased to 2.5-fold by @entity56420 . Expression of @entity10702 mRNA showed a maximum increase of 2.6-fold at P90. Expression of @entity5392 and @entity40 mRNAs followed a time course similar to that of @entity664 . @entity130 did not alter the mRNA levels of aFGF, @entity2136 , @entity2135 , and receptors, @entity20959 , @entity10864 and @entity7814 . These data show that the response to injury is minimal at early postnatal ages but increases with age and peaks at P60-90 for most potential survival factors.

title: Development of normal and injury-induced gene expression of aFGF, @entity664 , @entity5392 , @entity2136 , @entity40 and XXXX in the @entity35 retina.

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degenerations']

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Mechanical injury']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1', 'IGF-I', 'insulin-like growth factor-I']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity2135 :: (24482(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: The purpose of this research was to study the effect of @entity228 -induced @entity170 on orthodontic tooth movement and relapse. Sixteen 3-month-old New Zealand white @entity95 were divided into four equal groups, two treatment and two control. All treatment @entity95 were administered daily injections of 15 mg/kg @entity7043 for 4 days before and during the experimental period. An orthodontic appliance delivering a mesial force of 4 ounces was placed on the maxillary left first molar of all animals. For all groups, measurements of active tooth movement were made after 4, 7, 11, and 14 days. For two of the groups, appliances were removed on day 14, and additional measurements of relapse were made through day 21. With the use of radiodensitometric readings of the humerus bone and histology of the maxilla, @entity170 was demonstrated in the treatment animals. Mean incremental and cumulative active tooth movement was three to four times greater (p < 0.0001) in the treatment @entity95 than in the controls. The treatment group in which relapse was measured demonstrated 100% relapse on day 18, whereas the control group relapsed at a much lesser rate through day 21 and never achieved 100% relapse. Histologic findings appeared to support tooth movement results. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that @entity95 subjected to @entity228 -induced @entity170 undergo significantly more rapid orthodontic tooth movement and subsequent relapse than control animals.

title: The effect of @entity228 -induced XXXX on orthodontic tooth movement.

entities_list: @entity7043 :: ('MESH:C015087', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone acetate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A transversal study involving group comparison was performed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity1 who are visually impaired have a higher rate of @entity85 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Evidence has accumulated pointing to an association between @entity2112 and postural control in which vision is involved. An association between @entity1635 and ocular troubles is present in many diseases, but no study on a large blind population has yet been undertaken. METHODS: Data was obtained from an official school screening campaign involving two consecutive classes in a regional school for the @entity227 and from two consecutive classes in three public vocational schools. This study included 75 @entity1 who were @entity227 (mean age, 11 years and 7 months) and 728 healthy control @entity1 (mean age, 10 years 2 months). @entity85 was assessed by Moire topography and measurement of any trunk hump by the forward bending test. The @entity1 with @entity227 who had evidence of @entity85 underwent radiographs of the spine a few months after the back surface assessment, then again 12 to 24 months later. RESULTS: Occurrences of @entity85 were significantly different in the two groups (P < 0.0001), with five times more back surface @entity1939 . Of the 26 @entity1 with both @entity227 and @entity85 , 18 had a structural @entity1635 on radiographs, with an average Cobb Meyer angle of 14.1 degrees (range, 10-28 degrees ), but there was evidence of an evolving condition in only three cases. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are compatible with a postural etiology of @entity1635 in the visually impaired population.

title: XXXX and @entity1635 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment', 'visually handicapped']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the blind population']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity', 'Trunk deformity', 'trunk deformity']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual deficiency']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and limitations of @entity174 risk assessment tool (FRAX) for @entity3604 in the Korean population. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The FRAX algorithm is country specific and uses clinical risk factor data to calculate an individual @entity1 's 10-year probability of @entity173 and 10-year probability of major @entity3604 . However, it has not been adequately investigated for Korean. METHODS: ONE HUNDRED NINETY FOUR @entity1 WHO HAD ALL RISK FACTOR DATA FOR THE CALCULATION OF FRAX WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS DEPENDING ON THE EXISTENCE OF VERTEBRAL FRACTURES: the @entity174 group was comprised of 88 @entity1 and the non-facture group comprised of 105 @entity1 . We analyzed prediction of the @entity174 by applying respectively the Korean, Japanese, USA and UK model, and compared their FRAX results by calculating lumbar @entity79 ( @entity79 ) instead of femoral neck @entity79 . RESULTS: The prediction of @entity174 using FRAX was 10.9    6.2% in the @entity174 group, 9.5    5.5% of the non- @entity174 group in the Korean model (p = 0.108); 17.9    10.2% in the @entity174 group, 14.6    9.0% in the non- @entity174 group in the Japanese model (p = 0.017). Only the Japanese model exhibited significant difference in @entity174 risk. The prediction of @entity174 using lumbar @entity79 instead of femoral neck @entity79 was 19.5    12.1% in the @entity174 group, 16.0    10.3% in the non- @entity174 group in the Korean model (p = 0.029). All models had statistically significant differences for the prediction of @entity3604 . CONCLUSIONS: The 10-year probability of @entity3604 had underestimation of the risk considering treatment eligibility based on the National @entity170 Foundation guidelines. @entity79 that accurately reflects the contribution of each result to @entity174 risk should be preferred for the prediction of @entity174 using FRAX, when lumbar spine and hip @entity79 measurements are both performed for clinical purposes in Korean.

title: Feasibility of FRAX for Prediction of XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic vertebral fracture', 'osteoporotic vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures']


abstract: A prospective study in 80 @entity5658 @entity1 over a period of 5 years establishes 41.9 years as its mean age at onset. The disease affected both males and females, with a preponderance of the former. The clinical features were identical, irrespective of the etiology. The onset of the disease was usually insidious except in staphylococcal scalled skin syndrome and @entity910 , where it was abrupt and florid. @entity19333 , elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity1712 , low serum proteins and electrolytes were salient laboratory features. Histopathology was largely unrewarding; only in 12 @entity1 , a good clinicohistologic correlation was present. Preexisting dermatoses, namely @entity1569 , air-borne contact @entity1909 , phytophotodermatitis, photosensitive and @entity19857 , and other dermatoses constituted the major etiology. Antituberculous drugs were responsible for a substantial proportion of @entity910 . No @entity706 were found. This study outlines that some salient features of @entity5658 may show geographic variations.

title: @entity5658 . A prospective study of 80 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity19857 :: ('MESH:D012628', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity19333 :: ('MESH:C536357', 'Disease') :: ['Microcytic hypochromic anemia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced erythroderma']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['exfoliative dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Using a @entity19 transplantation model, we simulated a clinical situation in which major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-identical allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) are transplanted for the treatment of a @entity5 that is resistant to resting natural killer (NK) cells but sensitive to cytokine-activated NK cells and T cell-mediated antitumor activity. We determined the influence of selective @entity784 of allogeneic PBPC grafts on graft-vs.- @entity1778 (GVL) activity and investigated the effectiveness of ex vivo treatment with NK cell-activating cytokines to compensate for the putative loss of T cell-derived factors stimulating natural @entity137 . After pretreatment of Balb/c ( @entity8022 ) recipients with 7.5 Gy of total body irradiation, 2x10(7) rhG-CSF-mobilized PBPCs of splenectomized syngeneic or MHC-identical DBA ( @entity8022 ) @entity19 were transferred. Selective @entity784 ( @entity784 ) was performed by immunomagnetic purging with a mononoclonal antibody directed against @entity5168 . In some experimental groups, T cell-depleted PBPCs were incubated with 200 U/mL interleukin (IL)-2 and 100 U/mL IL-12 for 24 hours. To investigate antileukemic activity in vivo, recipient @entity19 were inoculated with 1x10(5) A20 cells (a @entity981 of Balb/c origin) 2 days before PBPC transplantation (PBPCT). After transplantation of unmanipulated allogeneic cells, 25% of the animals died with signs of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) but 71% were free from relapse 100 days after PBPCT. After @entity784 of allogeneic grafts with anti- @entity5168 , the incidence of GVH-related mortality was below 5% but the @entity1778 -free survival rate was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased to 25% and thus was similar to that observed after syngeneic PBPCT (17%). When @entity5168 -depleted grafts were incubated with @entity2047 and IL-12, 45% of the animals remained free from @entity1778 ; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Our results suggest that ex vivo activation of residual NK cells with @entity2047 and IL-12 does not fully compensate for the abrogation of GVL activity after depletion of @entity5168 + T cells from MHC-matched PBPCT.

title: Abrogation of graft-vs.- @entity1778 activity after depletion of XXXX + T cells in a @entity19 model of MHC-matched peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPCT).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['B-lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['TCD', 'T cell depletion']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-vs.-host disease', 'GVHD']

answer: @entity5168 :: (12501(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the association of pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) with @entity64 in uncontrolled @entity101 subjects. METHODS: A total of 9,901 uncontrolled @entity101 subjects were included in a cross-sectional study in 62 villages of Fuxin county of Liaoning Province, China. RESULTS: Among the 9,901, 406 cases of @entity385 and 145 cases of @entity1779 were identified. Older age, male gender, increased @entity13519 , higher DBP, and history of @entity407 were positively associated with both @entity385 and @entity1779 by multivariate logistic regression analysis. However, the odds rations (ORs) of drinking for @entity385 and @entity1779 were 0.407 (95%CI: 0.304-0.544) and 0.595 (95%CI: 0.377-0.940), respectively. An increase of 10 mmHg of MAP had ORs of 1.430 (95%CI: 1.332-1.535) for @entity385 and 1.359 (95%CI: 1.220-1.514) for @entity1779 . The OR of PP (per 10 mmHg increase) for @entity385 was 1.085 (95%CI: 1.026-1.148). Subjects with the fourth quartile of PP and MAP had ORs of 1.555 (95%CI: 1.127-2.146) @entity385 and 5.127 (95%CI: 3.452-7.616) for @entity1779 , with the first quartile as the reference group. The OR of the fourth quartile of MAP for @entity1779 was 5.935 (95%CI: 2.932-12.012). There was no significant association between PP and @entity1779 . In sensitivity analysis, ORs of standard MAP for @entity385 were higher than those of PP in each stratified age subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Increased MAP and PP were significant markers of @entity385 and @entity1779 was only associated with increased MAP. MAP was more closely associated with @entity64 than PP in @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity101 .

title: Mean arterial pressure: a better marker of @entity64 in XXXX with uncontrolled @entity101 in rural areas of China.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Computed tomography (CT) and conventional chest radiography were reviewed in retrospect in 84 @entity1 in whom pleural pathology was suggested clinically. The importance of administration of contrast medium in distinguishing between malignant lesions and other @entity456 was given special attention. CT was found to be of value in diagnosing and establishing the extent of @entity456 , especially in the mediastinal region. All @entity5 exhibited high contrast enhancement following intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium. There were no features specific for mesotheliomas distinguishing these from other @entity5 . Some @entity166 also showed high contrast enhancement. High contrast enhancement thus indicated @entity5 only if an @entity166 could be excluded. If contrast enhancement was absent or slight, the lesion was likely to be benign. Clinical follow-up may be regarded as justified in such cases. Indirect signs were not helpful in distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions.

title: Computed tomography of XXXX with special reference to the mediastinal pleura.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['benign infectious lesions', 'infectious lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pleural malignancies', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural diseases', 'pleural lesions']

answer: @entity456 :: (MESH:D010995,Disease) :: ['pleural lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adjuvant trastuzumab improves relapse-free survival in @entity1722 -overexpressing @entity0 but is associated with @entity1370 . This phase II study was undertaken to determine the neoadjuvant clinical and pathologic response rate and the acute and chronic @entity1370 of trastuzumab given with weekly @entity1311 after AC ( @entity632 / @entity786 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with newly diagnosed, stage II-IV, @entity1722 -overexpressing @entity0 received AC for 4 cycles, followed by weekly TP ( @entity1311 /trastuzumab) for 12 weeks, neoadjuvantly or adjuvantly, followed by 40 weeks of adjuvant trastuzumab. RESULTS: @entity712 occurred in 4% of @entity1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5%-13.2%). Asymptomatic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreases to < 50% occurred in 21% of @entity1 (95% CI, 11.1%-34.7%); all but 1 recovered by 1.5 years. Median LVEF decreased progressively during therapy from 65% before therapy (95% CI, 63%-66%) to 62% after AC (95% CI, 59%-64%) and 58% after AC-TP (95% CI, 56%-64%; P < 0.01 for each decrease). The decrease in LVEF persisted 1.5 years after study entry at 57% (95% CI, 54%-60%), although all but 1 of the most severe decreases to < 50% recovered to normal. Clinical response rate among 37 @entity1 treated neoadjuvantly was 86%, and the pathologic complete response rate was 19% (95% CI, 8%-35.2%). Because of withdrawals for @entity137 , @entity66 , and @entity1 preference, only 35% of @entity1 completed the entire regimen. CONCLUSION: In this study, the AC-TP regimen resulted in a high clinical but moderate pathologic response rate, and although asymptomatic @entity299 was common, most of the severe decreases recovered over time.

title: Response and @entity1370 of trastuzumab given in conjunction with weekly XXXX after @entity632 / @entity786 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: During the past 10 years 26 @entity1 were operated on for @entity358 (20 males and six females, mean age of 55.8 years). Lung resections were performed on 13 cases (Group 1). Conservative operations were performed on the remaining cases, including one bilateral operation case (Group 2). New paragraph. The operative techniques in Group 1 were: lobectomy 11 cases of lobectomy, one case of partial resection; and one case of segmental resection. The operative techniques for Group 2 were; five cases of thoracoplasty and cavernoplasty; three cases of thoracoplasty plus cavernoplasty and muscle flap; three cases of thoracoplasty and muscle flap; one case of thoracoplasty and air-plombage; and two cases of cavernoplasty. A second operation was required in four and seven cases in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, and a third operation in two and four cases respectively. The conservative technique was used in all of additional operations required. The mean operation time and amount of @entity190 were 262 min and 1,943 ml for Group 1 and 170 min and 918 ml for Group 2-being shorter and lesser for Group 2. Both the operation time and @entity190 were reduced during the second and third operations. Reduction of %VC after the first operation was also less remarkable for Group 2 (-9.6%, No = 9). The advantage of using a conservative technique is that successful results can be expected without insult to the hilus and mediastinal surface in cases with compromised pulmonary functions, or in those cases which pneumonectomy or resection is difficult because of the risk of @entity548 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX --with modified conservative operation].

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergilloma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergilloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is a major problem for @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) @entity1 . Unfortunately, medical therapy often fails. Endoscopic and surgical treatments are invasive, and results vary. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the @entity129 (RFSN) is a relatively new and minimally invasive procedure for treatment of intractable @entity158 in @entity1689 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 18 RFSN procedures in 11 @entity1689 @entity1 , all refractory to analgesics. Five @entity1 underwent a second procedure; two @entity1 underwent a third procedure. NRS @entity158 scores were assessed. Complications, analgesics usage, and length of the @entity158 -free period were recorded. RESULTS: Radiofrequency ablation of the @entity129 was effective in 15/18 interventions. The mean NRS @entity158 score decreased from 7.7      1.0 to 2.8      2.7 (P   <=  0.001). The @entity158 -free period lasted for a median period of 45  weeks. The effect of repeated interventions was comparable to the initial procedure. One transient side effect was reported. Four @entity1 reported significantly reduced analgesic usage; 4 @entity1 completely stopped their @entity158 medication. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation of the @entity129 is a minimally invasive, effective procedure for @entity158 relief. After the effect has subsided, RFSN can be successfully repeated. RFSN might become an alternative treatment in a selected group of @entity1689 @entity1 . A larger, randomized trial is justified to substantiate these findings.

title: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1689 : results of single and repeated procedures in 11 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic nerves']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['splanchnic nerves']