abstract: Examination of the records of 88 consecutive @entity1 with extranodal maxillofacial @entity1893 (ENHL) was undertaken. Each @entity1 's complete record was reviewed. Males outnumbered females by 1.7:1. Age at diagnosis ranged from 22 to 94 years (median 60.0). Affected anatomic sites included: maxillary sinus (22), nasal cavity (8), maxilla (13), mandible (8), salivary glands (14), and other (23). The most common presenting symptom was a non-painful mass. Associated dental symptoms were present in 72 @entity1 and included @entity4 , @entity158 , and loose teeth. Treatment included chemotherapy and radiation with a follow-up of 1-25 years. Treatment trends indicate a shift towards multimodal therapy. @entity1893 of the head and neck, if discovered early, has an excellent prognosis.

title: Extranodal XXXX of the maxillofacial region: analysis of 88 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['intraoral swelling']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: The keratinocyte is a major cell type of the body, and in epidermis, keratinocytes have potential for future gene targeting and drug therapy. Despite the importance of keratinocytes in cell biology and medicine, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying keratinocyte-specific gene expression. Here, we report the first detailed characterization of the sequences and factors controlling expression of a @entity1 gene expressed specifically in keratinocytes. Using 5' upstream sequence of the @entity1 @entity6881 keratin gene coupled to one of two reporter genes, we examined sequences necessary and sufficient for expression of @entity6881 in both cultured @entity1 keratinocytes and in mitotically active basal keratinocytes of transgenic @entity19 epidermis. We demonstrated the existence of distal and proximal elements located 5' from the transcription initiation site of the @entity6881 gene, which when combined with a TATA box element, appear to act in concert to drive keratinocyte-specific expression. We examined the proximal region in detail. After using @entity2196 assays to narrow a transcriptional activation element to within 110 bp, we demonstrated the existence of a keratinocyte nuclear factor which binds to a 10-bp palindrome, 5'-GCCTGCAGGC-3', within this domain. Using methylation interference analysis, we identified the G residues important for factor binding, and showed that point mutations in these G residues not only blocked factor binding but also resulted in decreased transcriptional activity of an @entity49962 gene. The factor was most abundant in keratinocytes, was expressed at lower levels in some simple epithelial cell lines, and was not detected in fibroblasts or @entity706 cells. Moreover, the 10-bp sequence was similar to sequences found in the 5' upstream sequences of several other genes expressed in keratinocytes, and at least one of these genes, the @entity1 K1 gene, contained a sequence that competed with the @entity6881 proximal element for binding factor. Collectively, our data suggest that both the sequence and the nuclear factor that we have identified may be involved in controlling keratinocyte-specific expression in vitro and in vivo.

title: Regulation of a XXXX epidermal keratin gene: sequences and nuclear factors involved in keratinocyte-specific transcription.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The male hybrid B6C3F1 @entity19 exhibits a 30% spontaneous @entity157 incidence, and both males and females of this strain are sensitive to chemical induction of @entity96 . The @entity11517 , @entity11518 , and myc oncogenes have been implicated in a variety of solid @entity5 . Specifically, Ha- and, less frequently @entity11518 have been reported to be activated in B6C3F1 @entity19 @entity96 , and such activated oncogenes frequently contain a particular point mutation. In light of indications that the transforming capacity of some oncogenes is directly related to the level of the gene product, we hypothesized that transcriptional control of @entity11517 , @entity11518 , and myc is compromised in B6C3F1 @entity19 @entity96 . A positive correlation has been established between gene expression and hypomethylation. Therefore, the methylation states of these genes were examined in spontaneous @entity96 and in @entity5 induced by two diverse hepatocarcinogens: @entity109 and @entity3636 . @entity11517 was found to be hypomethylated in all @entity5 examined, whereas @entity11518 was sometimes hypomethylated; such hypomethylation might play a role in the promotion stage of @entity105 . The methylation state of myc was unaltered, although this gene appeared to be amplified in @entity5 . These results suggest that a component of the mechanism by which these oncogenes are activated in B6C3F1 @entity19 @entity96 involves loss of stringent control of expression, via hypomethylation of the ras oncogenes and, possibly, amplification of myc. These results support the assertion that @entity5 induced by different classes of carcinogens or arising spontaneously share common biochemical pathways of oncogene activation during tumorigenesis.

title: Hypomethylation of ras oncogenes in chemically induced and spontaneous B6C3F1 @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: 1. @entity8540 (EKC) and U50,488H have been employed widely as kappa-receptor agonists in the study of opioid receptor systems. However, the quantification of their agonism in terms of affinities and relative efficacies has not been investigated. 2. In this study, operational model-fitting was used to analyse the effects of irreversible receptor alkylation by @entity51634 ( @entity51634 ) on the kappa-receptor mediated effects of EKC and U50,488H in the isolated, coaxially stimulated ileum of the @entity840 . 3. EKC produced monophasic inhibitory concentration-effect curves which were readily amenable to analysis. In contrast U50,488H produced biphasic curves characterized by a higher potency phase of agonism that was susceptible to antagonism by @entity51635 ( @entity51635 ) and a lower potency phase that was apparently non-opioid in nature. 4. Analysis of the kappa-receptor-mediated effects of both agonists indicated that EKC has fifteen fold higher affinity than U50,488H and that the two agonists possess similar intrinsic efficacies.

title: Estimation of affinities and efficacies for kappa-receptor agonists in XXXX ileum.

entities_list: @entity51634 :: ('MESH:C017120', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-CNA', 'beta-chlornaltrexamine']

entities_list: @entity51635 :: ('MESH:C051207', 'Chemical') :: ['RX8008M', '16-methylcyprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity8540 :: ('MESH:D016314', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethylketocyclazocine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Posterior cervical foraminotomy and discectomy (PCFD) is regarded as an effective treatment option for @entity614 . However, limited exposure of the disc space is one of its major disadvantages. To address this problem, we used a @entity515 laser for sophisticated decompression. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the clinical outcomes of laser-assisted PCFD and to discuss the benefits of laser use. METHODS: A total of 47 consecutive @entity1 with @entity614 were treated with PCFD. Among them, 24 @entity1 were treated with laser-assisted PCFD, and the remaining 23 @entity1 were treated with conventional PCFD. After standard posterior cervical microscopic foraminotomy, a microscopic @entity515 laser was used for selective discectomy in the laser PCFD group. Clinical data were compared with a minimum 2-year follow-up period. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), @entity717 ( @entity717 ), and modified MacNab criteria. RESULTS: The clinical outcomes of the two groups were similar. The mean VAS score for radicular arm @entity158 improved from 7.42 to 1.83 in the laser PCFD group and from 8.30 to 1.65 in the conventional PCFD group. The mean @entity717 improved from 47.00% to 10.46% in the laser PCFD group and from 53.86% to 10.02% in the conventional PCFD group. The rate of excellent or good outcomes was 87.5% for the laser PCFD group and 86.9% for the conventional PCFD group. A significant difference between the groups was found for @entity954 . The laser PCFD group had significantly lower estimated @entity190 values than did the conventional PCFD group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Laser-assisted PCFD is an efficacious surgical option for treating @entity890 . The pinpoint accuracy of the laser scalpel facilitates sophisticated decompression within a limited surgical field, and may reduce the risk of @entity954 and @entity16 .

title: Laser-assisted posterior cervical foraminotomy and discectomy for lateral and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neural damage']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['cervical radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lateral cervical disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['foraminal cervical disc herniation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reorganization of @entity14 has led to surgery being increasingly, but not exclusively, delivered by specialist surgeons. Outcomes from @entity14 surgery have improved, but the exact determinants remain unclear. This study explored the determinants of outcome after @entity14 surgery over time. METHODS: Postoperative mortality (within 30 days of surgery) and 5-year relative survival rates for @entity1 in the West of Scotland undergoing surgery for @entity14 between 1991 and 1994 were compared with rates for those having surgery between 2001 and 2004. RESULTS: The 1823 @entity1 who had surgery in 2001-2004 were more likely to have had stage @entity5 , and to have undergone surgery with curative intent than the 1715 @entity1 operated on in 1991-1994. The proportion of @entity1 presenting electively who received surgery by a specialist surgeon increased over time (from 14  9 to 72  8 per cent; P < 0  001). Postoperative mortality increased among @entity1 treated by non-specialists over time (from 7  4 to 10  3 per cent; P = 0  026). Non-specialist surgery was associated with an increased risk of @entity204 (adjusted odds ratio 1  72, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1  17 to 2  55; P = 0  006) compared with specialist surgery. The 5-year relative survival rate increased over time and was higher among those treated by specialist compared with non-specialist surgeons (62  1 versus 53  0 per cent; P < 0  001). Compared with the earlier period, the adjusted relative excess risk ratio for the later period was 0  69 (95 per cent c.i. 0  61 to 0  79; P < 0  001). Increased surgical specialization accounted for 18  9 per cent of the observed survival improvement. CONCLUSION: Increased surgical specialization contributed significantly to the observed improvement in longer-term survival following @entity14 surgery.

title: Contribution of surgical specialization to improved XXXX survival.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['I or III tumours']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer services']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent decades there has been an increasing interest in @entity73 in @entity161 . However, only a few studies have examined the impact of psychosocial support on the prevention of @entity73 in @entity1 who suffer from @entity161 . AIM: The aims of the present study are: (1) to confirm the presence of @entity73 among @entity1 with @entity161 ; (2) to explore any correlations between such deficits and a range of clinical and/or demographic characteristics of the @entity1 ; and (3) to investigate any association between @entity73 and psychosocial support. METHOD: A total of 118 @entity1 with @entity161 (the @entity1 group) and 102 healthy volunteers (the control group) had a cognitive assessment using a battery of neuropsychological tests. The @entity1 were allocated to one of the following groups: (1) @entity1 under routine outpatient follow-up; or (2) @entity1 receiving or having recently received intensive psychosocial support, in addition to follow-up. This included daily participation in vocational and recreational activities provided by dedicated mental health day centers. The findings of the neuropsychological testing of individuals in all groups were compared, after controlling for clinical or demographic factors. RESULTS: The scores in the neuropsychological tests were lower overall in the @entity1 group compared to healthy volunteers. Within the @entity1 group, those receiving/having received psychosocial support had higher scores compared to those on routine follow-up alone. There were no significant differences between @entity1 currently receiving psychosocial support and those having received it in the past. Lower education, age and illness duration (but not severity of positive or negative symptoms) were factors associated with lower test scores. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides some evidence that psychosocial support may be beneficial for the cognitive functioning of @entity1 with @entity161 and this benefit may be a lasting one.

title: Psychosocial support and @entity73 in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity2521 is associated with members of the oral microbiota, such as @entity3841 . To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate, by PCR, the occurrence of the six known bacterium serotypes that included subjects with and without @entity2521 . Our group comprised 49 Brazilian subjects. We studied 146 bacterial isolates from 23 @entity1 with @entity146 or chronic @entity2521 and 26 subgingival specimens from subjects with or without @entity2521 , all originating in our collection. Serotypes b and c were observed in similar frequencies, and no subject harboured d, e, or f serotype strains. Around 78% subjects had single-serotype @entity281 . Mixed @entity281 was seen only in @entity146 @entity2521 @entity1 . An association between serotype b and healthy periodontium and between serotype c and chronic @entity2521 was observed. Our results diverge from those previously reported, which may be explained by specific distribution patterns in distinct populations. The association of different serotypes with the same periodontal status or conversely of a serotype with different periodontal conditions indicates that organism serotyping should not be used as a sole reliable marker for predicting the outcome of the @entity281 . Evaluation of factors involved in @entity1 oral cavity colonization by subsets of A. actinomycetemcomitans is essential for elucidating organism-host-environment relationships.

title: XXXX serotype-specific genotypes and periodontal status in Brazilian subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

answer: @entity3841 :: (714,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']


abstract: The @entity209 is highly prevalent in @entity1 with @entity161 , and is associated with a state of chronic, low-grade @entity32 . @entity161 is also associated with @entity32 , including aberrant blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, hsCRP, and the @entity209 in @entity1 with @entity161 and related @entity6406 . Fifty-nine inpatients and outpatients age 18-70 with non-affective @entity914 and 22 controls participated in this cross-sectional study. Subjects had a fasting blood draw between 8 and 9 am for @entity413 , lipids, total and differential WBC counts, and hsCRP. Vital signs and anthropometric measures were obtained. @entity1 with @entity716 had significantly higher total WBC counts, monocytes, and hsCRP levels than @entity1 without the @entity209 (p <=0.04 for each). In binary logistic regression analyses, after controlling for potential confounding effects of age, race, sex, age at first hospitalization for @entity716 , parental history of @entity6 , smoking, and psychotropic medications, total WBC count, monocytes, and hsCRP were significant predictors of @entity209 in @entity1 (p <=0.04 for each). hsCRP was also a significant predictor of increased waist circumference and @entity1674 in @entity1 (p <=0.05 for each). Our findings suggest that measurement of total and differential WBC counts and hsCRP blood levels may be germane to the clinical care of @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity74 , and support an association between @entity32 and metabolic disturbance in these @entity1 .

title: Total and differential white blood cell counts, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and the @entity209 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'increased inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['non-affective psychosis and the metabolic syndrome', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity6406 :: ('MESH:D000341', 'Disease') :: ['non-affective psychoses']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6406 :: (MESH:D000341,Disease) :: ['non-affective psychoses']


abstract: @entity10608 was found to differentially affect the induction of allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and suppressor T cells (Ts). At a concentration of 10 mM, @entity7222 inhibited the development of CTL in a mixed-leukocyte culture (MLC). This same population of cells suppressed the generation of CTL when irradiated and cocultured with fresh syngeneic lymphocytes and alloantigen. Suppression was mediated by Lyt-1-2+ cells and was antigen specific. Suppression was abrogated when @entity1199 (10 U/ml) was added to the cocultures, but could not be reversed by increasing the antigen dose. @entity7222 was not toxic to CTL precursors but rather arrested their development. Cells from MLC plus @entity7222 developed CTL activity within 2 days of transfer to secondary cultures in the absence of @entity7222 . Development of CTL effector cells (CTLe) was augmented by but did not require exogenous @entity1199 . Generation of CTLe from the MLC plus @entity7222 population was radiation sensitive and could be inhibited by reexposure to @entity7222 , even in the presence of @entity1199 . Thus, Lyt-1-2+ T cells allostimulated in vitro in MLC plus @entity7222 and lacking CTL activity convey radiation-resistant, antigen-specific suppression.

title: Regulatory mechanisms in cytotoxic T lymphocyte development. II. Dissociation of in vitro cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and suppressor T-cell activities with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10608 :: ('CHEBI:15729', 'Chemical') :: ['L-ornithine']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['Ornithine', 'ornithine']

answer: @entity10608 :: (CHEBI:15729,Chemical) :: ['L-ornithine']


abstract: @entity19 models offer a powerful tool for unraveling the mechanisms of intimal @entity1373 and vascular remodeling, although their technical complexity increases experimental variability and limits widespread application. We describe a simple and clinically relevant @entity19 model of @entity1373 and remodeling. @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) @entity850 was created by placing 9-0 nylon suture around the artery using an external 35-gauge mandrel needle (middle or distal location), which was then removed. The effect of adjunctive diet-induced @entity28 was defined. Flowmetry, wall strain analyses, biomicroscopy, and histology were completed. @entity2998 blood flow sharply decreased by    85%, followed by a responsive right carotid artery increase of    71%. Circumferential strain decreased by    2.1% proximal to the @entity850 in both dietary groups. At 28 days, morphologic adaptations included proximal @entity2998 intimal @entity1373 , which was exacerbated by diet-induced @entity28 . The proximal and distal @entity2998 underwent outward and negative inward remodeling, respectively, in the mid-focal @entity850 (remodeling indexes, 1.10 and 0.53). A simple, defined common carotid focal @entity850 yields reproducible @entity19 intimal @entity1373 and substantial differentials in arterial wall adaptations. This model offers a tool for investigating mechanisms of hemodynamically driven intimal @entity1373 and arterial wall remodeling.

title: A simplified XXXX intimal @entity1373 model founded on a focal carotid stenosis.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['arterial intimal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['Focal left carotid artery', 'LCA']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: AIM: To assess the effect of intrapleural urokinase, vis-  -vis simple pleural drainage, on residual @entity456 in a series of @entity1 suffering from @entity1143 . @entity1 AND METHOD: Twenty-nine @entity1 (21 males and 8 females) with loculated @entity1143 were studied. These @entity1 were randomly allocated to one of two groups: one group received intrapleural urokinase (n=12) and the other was treated by simple drainage with suction (n=17). The urokinase (125,000 UI) was administered into the pleural cavity via an intrathoracic tube. This procedure was repeated every 12h until the quantity of pleural fluid obtained was less than 50 cm3, at which point the intrathoracic tube was removed. RESULTS: In both groups, the biochemical analysis of the pleural fluid was an exudate and the fluid had a serous appearance. Pleural thickening when the drainage tube was removed was 8.09+/-3.36 mm for the group treated with urokinase, and 14.78+/-17.20mm (P>0.05) for the control group. Residual @entity456 measured upon completion of medical treatment at 6 months was 1.45+/-0.89 mm for the group treated with urokinase and 7.47+/-10.95 mm for the control group (P<0.05). In the control group, only two @entity1 presented over 10mm of residual @entity456 . The mean quantity of fluid drained in the two groups was 1.487+/-711 ml for the @entity1 with urokinase, and 795+/-519 ml for the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that @entity1 with @entity1143 treated with urokinase suffered less from residual @entity456 , as measured after six months, than those treated by simple drainage. It is therefore suggested that the administration of intrapleural urokinase is a safe and effective treatment for those @entity1 who drain a larger quantity of pleural fluid.

title: A study of XXXX treated with intrapleural urokinase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['loculated tuberculous pleural effusion', 'pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['loculated tuberculous pleural effusions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3785 (SA) mediates tolerance mechanisms in plants against a wide spectrum of biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine how SA regulates the plant protection mechanisms in two cultivars of @entity4335 ( @entity4335 .) under @entity3407 ( @entity8818 ) stress. Exogenously applied SA enhanced plant growth, increased dry biomasses, and strengthened the reactive @entity26 scavenging system by improving cell organelles that were severely damaged via @entity8818 @entity137 . The contents of @entity8818 were significantly enhanced in both root and leaf of cultivar Zheda 622 (yellow color) compared with cultivar ZS 758 (black color). Exogenous application of SA significantly reduced the @entity8818 contents in both plant organs as well as enhanced the SA contents under @entity8818 stress. A dose-dependent increase was observed in reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation under @entity8818 stress. To ease the inimical effects of ROS, plants' defense systems were induced under @entity8818 stress, and SA further enhanced protection. Further, TEM micrographs results showed that @entity8818 stress alone significantly ruptured the plant cell organelles of both cultivars by increasing the size of starch grain and the number of plastoglobuli, damaging the chloroplast and mitochondrion structures. However, exogenously applied SA significantly recovered these damages in the plant cells of both cultivars. It was also observed that cultivar ZS 758 was proved to be more tolerant under @entity8818 @entity137 . Gene expression analysis revealed that combined treatments of @entity8818 and SA increased antioxidant-related gene expression in both cultivars. Findings of the present study demonstrate that SA induces the enzymatic antioxidant activities and related gene expression, secondary metabolism, and improves the cell structural changes and the transcript level of specific stress-associated proteins in root and leaf of two @entity4335 cultivars under @entity8818 @entity137 .

title: Role of exogenous XXXX in regulating physio-morphic and molecular changes under @entity3407 @entity137 in black- and yellow- seeded @entity4335 .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['Salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['Brassica napus L', 'oilseed rape']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

answer: @entity3785 :: (MESH:D020156,Chemical) :: ['salicylic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during @entity64 rehabilitation to examine the associations between changes in the two measures. DESIGN: Two independently collected databases were combined for a retrospective analysis. One contained the objectively assessed @entity15467 score; the other contained the subjectively assessed Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form (SF-36). Admission and discharge scores were compared using paired-samples t tests. Associations between the @entity15467 outcomes and the SF-36 outcomes were assessed by means of Pearson's product-moment correlations. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen @entity1 were represented in both databases. Mean age was 71.4 yrs; 59 (51.1%) were female. All @entity15467 scores, four of eight SF-36 domains, and one summary component score showed statistically significant improvement during the course of rehabilitation. Changes in SF-36 were not strongly associated with changes in @entity15467 score, with only 6 of 90 correlations attaining statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Functional status and HRQOL improved considerably over the course of rehabilitation. However, there was poor association between the two outcomes. Both instruments offer insights into outcomes of inpatient rehabilitation, but they are complementary rather than overlapping.

title: Functional status and health-related quality of life during XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['inpatient stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['inpatient stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore how stereoacuity changes in @entity1 while they are being treated for @entity4457 . METHODS: The Monitored Occlusion Treatment for Amblyopia Study (MOTAS) comprised 3 distinct phases. In the first phase, baseline, assessments of visual function were made to confirm the initial @entity227 . The second phase, refractive adaptation, now commonly termed "optical treatment," was an 18-week period of spectacle wear with measurements of logMAR visual acuity and stereoacuity with the Frisby test at weeks 0, 6, 12, and 18. In the third phase, occlusion, @entity1 were prescribed 6 hours of patching per day. RESULTS: A total of 85 @entity1 were enrolled (mean age, 5.1    1.5 years). In 21 @entity1 @entity4457 was associated with @entity9340 ; in 29, with strabismus; and in 35, with both. At study entry, poor stereoacuity was associated with poor visual acuity (P < 0.001) in the amblyopic eye and greater angle of strabismus (P < 0.001). Of 66 @entity1 , 25 (38%) who received refractive adaptation and 19 (29%) who received occlusion improved by at least one octave in stereoacuity, exceeding test-retest variability. Overall, 38 (45%) improved one or more octaves across both treatment phases. Unmeasureable stereoacuity was observed in 56 @entity1 (66%) at study entry and in 37 (43%) at study exit. CONCLUSIONS: Stereoacuity improved for almost one half of the study @entity1 . Improvement was observed in both treatment phases. Factors associated with poor or nil stereoacuity at study entry and exit were poor visual acuity of the amblyopic eye and large-angle strabismus.

title: The effect of XXXX treatment on stereoacuity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and binocular visual deficit']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinico-pathological characteristics of young @entity1 with gastric cnacer. METHODS: From January 1968 through January 1993, among 6098 @entity356 @entity1 admitted for surgical treatment, 312 (5.1%) were < 35 years of age. The clinico-pathological data of these young @entity1 were reviewed and compared to those of @entity1 in the other age groups. RESULTS: In this series of young @entity1 , female predominated. Histologically, there were more cases with poorly differentiated (49.2%) and muco-cellular (26.6%) @entity420 . The most common gross morphology observed was of Borrmann type III (38.1%) and type IV (36.9%). The mojority of @entity1 (83.3%) were in @entity2802 stage III and stage IV. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of young @entity1 with @entity356 surgically treated is poor. This is due to the fact that most of them are in late stage and their @entity5 are poor in differentiation rather than their young age. To increase the awareness of @entity5 in apparently healthy young @entity1 is important for early diagnosis and treatment, and better prognosis.

title: [ XXXX in the young].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric cancer']


abstract: Individual differences in circadian rhythm have been studied since the past century. Chronotypes are a chronobiology classification based on the preferential times for beginning and ending activities throughout the day. Chronotypes can be classified as definitely morning, moderately morning, indifferent, moderately evening, and definitely evening. We aim to assess the distribution of chronotypes in asthmatics and the relationship of chronotype to the presence of @entity1109 . Two hundred subjects were evaluated, 100 asthmatics and 100 non-asthmatics. The Morningness/Eveningness questionnaire was applied for chronotype determination. The asthmatics were subdivided according to the presence or absence of @entity1109 . The chronotype distribution did not differ significantly between asthmatics and non-asthmatics. Thirty-five percent of the @entity565 group reported @entity1109 . There was a significant difference in chronotype distribution between asthmatics with and without nocturnal worsening. The asthmatics with @entity1109 had a lower prevalence of morning types and had a greater predominance of indifferent chronotype compared to asthmatics without @entity1109 (p = 0.011). In conclusion, asthmatics with @entity1109 present deviation from the chronotype distribution curve when compared to asthmatics without @entity1109 . This is the first study to show the effect of a disease on chronotypes.

title: Influence of nocturnal XXXX on chronotype.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal symptoms']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity28 consists of @entity1184 and @entity1373 of adipocytes. Although the number of adipocytes is influenced by anatomical location, nutritional environment, hormone and genetic variation, it has been thought to be determined by the proliferation of precursor cells and subsequent differentiation. However, our recent research has identified the population of small adipocytes less than 20  m in diameter, exhibiting tiny or no lipid droplets and expressing adipocyte marker proteins (small proliferative adipocytes: @entity18889 ) in isolated adipocytes. Notably, @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation and @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) expression were detected in these cells. In this study, we investigated the role of @entity18889 in development of adipose tissue using genetically obese diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) @entity35 and their non-obese and non-diabetic littermates, Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) @entity35 . Proliferation of @entity18889 was determined by measurement of @entity1975 at the protein level in isolated fractions of adipocytes with collagenase digestion. In general, expression levels of @entity1975 rose, reached a maximum, and declined in adipose tissues during aging. The expression levels of @entity1975 were maximum in epididymal fat at 32 w and 12 w of age in LETO and OLETF, respectively. They reached the maximum at 20 w of age both in LETO and OLETF in mesenteric fat. Although the @entity1975 expression level was higher in OLETF in the early period, it reversed later. Enlargement of adipocytes developed during aging, which was enhanced when the expression levels of @entity1975 declined. These results suggest that proliferation of @entity18889 may prevent adipocyte @entity1184 and the resultant development of @entity209 .

title: The role of small proliferative adipocytes in the development of @entity28 : comparison between Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) @entity35 and non-obese Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if any significant differences exist between laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ). DESIGN: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LA to @entity1538 . DATA SOURCES: An extensive literature search was conducted for appropriate articles published between January 1990 and March 1997. Articles were initially retrieved through MEDLINE with MeSH terms " @entity698 " or "appendectomy" and "laparoscopy". Additional methods included cross-referencing bibliographics of retrieved articles, hand searching abstracts from relevant meetings and consultation with a content expert. STUDY SELECTION: Only RCTs published in English in which @entity1 had a preoperative diagnosis of @entity697 were included. DATA EXTRACTION: The outcomes of interest included operating time, hospital stay, readmission rates, return to normal activity and complications. The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 3.0 was used to calculate odds ratios (OR), @entity353 ( @entity353 ) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The random-effects model was used for statistical analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twelve trials met the inclusion criteria. Because there were insufficient data in some trials, operating time, hospitalization and return to work were assessed in only 8 trials. Mean operating time was significantly longer with LA ( @entity353 18.10 minutes, 95% CI 12.87 to 23.15 minutes). There were fewer @entity2737 in LA (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.69), but no significant differences in @entity6177 rates (OR 1.94, 95% CI 0.68 to 5.58). There was no significant difference in the mean length of hospital stay ( @entity353 -0.16 days, 95% CI -0.44 to 0.15 days) or readmission rates (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.48). However, the return to normal activity was significantly earlier with LA ( @entity353 -5.79 days, 95% CI -7.38 to -4.21 days). Sensitivity analyses did not affect the results. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that operating room time is significantly longer, hospital stay is unchanged but return to normal activities is significantly earlier with LA.

title: A meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus XXXX in @entity1 suspected of having @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open appendectomy', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open appendectomy']


abstract: The aim was to further develop a method for studying the active and passive tissue properties in the @entity1 oesophagus. An impedance planimetric probe with a bag for distension was placed in the distal oesophagus in 14 healthy volunteers. Distension was done at an infusion rate of 25 mL @entity1009 ) with and without the administration of the antimuscarinic drug @entity10444 . The flow was reversed when moderate @entity158 was experienced by the subject. The total and the passive @entity2701 showed an exponential behaviour as function of the change in radius. The active tensions increased until they reached a maximum point. The active @entity2701 decreased after the maximum until the distension was stopped shortly after due to the @entity158 . The change in @entity2701 during distension-induced contractions (the afterload) was plotted as function of the precontraction radius (the preload). The @entity1 oesophagus behaves in a manner known from in vitro studies on muscle strips and exhibits a muscle diagram similar to that in the heart, i.e. the larger the initial muscle length during distension (within limits), the greater the contraction force.

title: New analysis for the study of the muscle function in the XXXX oesophagus.

entities_list: @entity10444 :: ('MESH:D002086', 'Chemical') :: ['butylscopolamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma control is the goal of treatment, but little data exist to support treatment strategies for stepping down treatment once control has been achieved. OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether either the long-acting @entity2263 -agonist or @entity228 could be reduced without loss of @entity565 control once control had been attained with @entity5023 / @entity10453 (FSC). METHODS: After 12 weeks of open-label treatment with FSC 250/50 microg twice daily, @entity1 whose @entity565 was well controlled were randomized to FSC 100/50 microg twice daily or @entity5023 (FP) 250 microg twice daily. for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was mean morning peak expiratory flow over the randomized study period. Secondary endpoints included symptom scores, rescue @entity3045 use, and @entity565 control. RESULTS: During open-label treatment, improvements from baseline were seen, and 435 of 641 @entity1 (68%) achieved well controlled status during each of the last 4 weeks of this period. A total of 246 @entity1 received FSC 100/50 microg twice daily and 238 FP 250 microg twice daily. The adjusted mean change in morning peak expiratory flow from the end of open-label treatment was -0.3 L/min for FSC and -13.2 L/min for FP (treatment difference, 12.9 L/min; 95% CI, 8.1-17.6; P<.001). Secondary efficacy endpoints also showed FSC 100/50 microg twice daily to be more effective than FP 250 microg twice daily alone. The majority of @entity1 remained well controlled, but the proportion was higher with FSC. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 achieving @entity565 control with FSC 250/50 microg twice daily, stepping treatment down to a lower dose of FSC 100/50 microg twice daily is more effective than switching to an inhaled @entity228 alone.

title: Asthma control can be maintained when @entity5023 / XXXX in a single inhaler is stepped down.

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity10453 :: (MESH:C057823,Chemical) :: ['salmeterol']


abstract: @entity10947 -primase is known to be phosphorylated in @entity1 and @entity375 cells in a cell cycle-dependent manner on the @entity10947 and @entity19490 subunits. Here we show that phosphorylation of purified @entity1 @entity10947 -primase by purified @entity7596 / @entity15308 in vitro reduced its ability to initiate @entity2235 (SV40) DNA replication in vitro, while phosphorylation by cyclin E/ @entity15308 stimulated its initiation activity. Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping revealed a family of @entity19490 peptides that was modified well by @entity7596 / @entity15308 and poorly by cyclin E/ @entity15308 . The @entity10947 phosphopeptides were identical with both kinases. By mass spectrometry, the @entity19490 peptide family was identified as residues 141 to 160. @entity7596 / @entity15308 - and @entity7596 / @entity10610 -modified @entity19490 also displayed a phosphorylation-dependent shift to slower electrophoretic mobility. Mutation of the four putative phosphorylation sites within @entity19490 peptide residues 141 to 160 prevented its phosphorylation by @entity7596 / @entity15308 and the inhibition of replication activity. Phosphopeptide maps of the @entity19490 subunit of @entity10947 -primase from @entity1 cells, synchronized and labeled in G1/S and in G2, revealed a cyclin E/ @entity15308 -like pattern in G1/S and a @entity7596 / @entity15308 -like pattern in G2. The slower-electrophoretic-mobility form of @entity19490 was absent in @entity1 cells in G1/S and appeared as the cells entered G2/M. Consistent with this, the ability of @entity10947 -primase isolated from synchronized @entity1 cells to initiate SV40 replication was maximal in G1/S, decreased as the cells completed S phase, and reached a minimum in G2/M. These results suggest that the replication activity of @entity10947 -primase in @entity1 cells is regulated by phosphorylation in a cell cycle-dependent manner.

title: Cell cycle-dependent regulation of XXXX @entity10947 -primase activity by phosphorylation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To examine the mechanism regulating trophoblastic aromatase, we studied the effects of various agents on aromatase activity and the aromatase cytochrome P-450 ( @entity4819 ) concentration in @entity1 @entity1466 JEG-3 cells. Aromatase activity was assessed by radioassay with [1 beta-3H] @entity2671 . The @entity4819 concentration was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with specific antibodies to @entity4819 . @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulated aromatase activity and increased the @entity4819 concentration in a concentration-dependent (0.1-100 IU/ml) manner. Cholera toxin (CT), an adenylate cyclase activator, stimulated aromatase activity and the @entity4819 concentration in a concentration-dependent (0.1-10ng/ml) and a time-dependent (12-72h) manner. @entity864 ( @entity865 ) (0.1-100ng/ml), a protein-kinase C activator, also stimulated aromatase activity and increased the @entity4819 concentration. On the other hand, @entity141 ionophore @entity3365 , an agent increasing intracellular @entity141 accumulation, inhibited aromatase activity and reduced the @entity4819 concentration. The effects of CT, @entity865 and @entity141 ionophore were additive. Aromatase activity was correlated with the @entity4819 concentration. These results suggest that in JEG-3 cells the signal transduction system modulates aromatase activity by changing the @entity4819 concentration.

title: [Regulation of aromatase in XXXX @entity1466 cells].

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity2477 are the most common @entity96 . The results of natural history studies have demonstrated that asymptomatic @entity2695 can be observed without deleterious results. The appropriate treatment for symptomatic @entity2477 remains unclear. Since 1987, ten @entity1 with symptomatic giant @entity2477 have undergone simple enucleation at the New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Ten @entity1 who underwent both anatomic and nonanatomic resections for benign @entity99 were chosen as a control group. We analyzed @entity1 demographics and characteristics of the hospital course. Both groups had similar periods of hospitalization (9.5 +/- 1.2 versus 9.1 +/- 1.8 days; p = NS), operative time (2.2 +/- 0.3 versus 2.4 +/- 0.2 hours; p = NS) and lesion size (7.6 +/- 1.3 versus 8.4 +/- 1.2 centimeters; p = NS). The enucleation group had 49 percent less intraoperative @entity190 when compared with the resection group (400 +/- 129 versus 742 +/- 116 milliliters; p < 0.05). Two units of blood were transfused in the enucleation group while 6 units were transfused in the resection group. Postoperatively, two @entity1 in the resection group required computed tomographic guided drainage of extrahepatic bile collections. There were none in the enucleation group. Because enucleation is performed in the fibrous capsule composed of compressed @entity99 , injury to major bile ducts and blood vessels may be avoided. Enucleation is a safe alternative to resection for treatment of symptomatic @entity2695 .

title: Treatment of XXXX of the liver by enucleation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['giant hemangiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors of the liver']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['Cavernous hemangiomas', 'cavernous hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'hepatic parenchyma']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['giant hemangiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate whether preoperative hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (RT) combined with major radical surgery is feasible and successful in the treatment of advanced primary @entity135 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety four @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity135 ( @entity135 ) in the oral cavity (41/96; 43%), supraglottis (14/96; 15%), glottis (5/96; 5%), oropharynx (16/96; 17%), nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses (8/96; 8%), nasopharynx (3/96; 3%), hypopharynx (7/96; 7%) and two (2%) with unknown primary @entity5 and large cervical lymph nodes entered into the study. 21/96 @entity1 (22%) had stage II, 17/96 (18%) stage III and 58/96 @entity1 (60%) stage IV disease. The @entity1 received preoperative hyperfractionated RT 1.6 Gy twice a day, 5 days a week to a median @entity5 dose of 63 Gy with a planned break for 11 days (median) after the median dose of 37 Gy. Then, after a median of 27 days the @entity1 underwent major radical surgery of the primary @entity5 and metastatic lymph nodes including reconstructions with pedicled or microvascular free flaps when indicated as a part of the scheduled therapy. 12/96 @entity1 had only ipsilateral or bilateral neck dissections. RESULTS: After a median follow-up time of 37.2 mos 77/96 (80.2%) @entity1 had complete locoregional control. All but 2 @entity1 had complete histological remission after surgery. 40/96 pts were alive without disease, two of them after salvage surgery. 32/96 @entity1 had relapsed; 15 had locoregional and 13 distant relapses, 4 @entity1 relapsed both locoregionally and distantly. Fifty @entity1 have died; 29 with locoregional and/or distant relapse, eight @entity1 died of second @entity5 , and 19 had intercurrent diseases. Disease-specific and overall survival at 3 years was 67.7 and 51%, respectively. Acute grade three mucosal reactions were common, but transient and tolerable. Late grade 3-4 adverse effects were few. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative hyperfractionated accelerated RT can be successfully combined with major radical surgery in the treatment of @entity135 . The amount of serious late adverse effects was not increased.

title: Preoperative hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy and radical surgery in advanced XXXX : a prospective phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck squamous cell cancer', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumour']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Sixteen adult captive bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) underwent a complete bilateral ocular examination to assess normal ocular parameters and describe @entity75 . Tear production was measured with the Schirmer tear @entity5482 and intraocular pressure was measured with applanation tonometry. The menace response was normal bilaterally in 13 of 16 eagles. Two birds had normal menace responses despite having fundic lesions, and 2 birds with an inconsistent or absent menace response did not have appreciable @entity75 . Mean (SD) tear production was 14 +/- 2 mm/min (range, 8-19 mm/min). Mean intraocular pressure was 21.5 +/- 1.7 mm Hg (range, 15-26 mm Hg). At least 1 ocular lesion was present in 50% of examined eyes. @entity231 , the most common lesion observed, were present in 8 eyes of 5 birds. Three of 4 known geriatric birds were or had been affected with @entity231 . Overall, @entity3217 are common in captive bald eagles, and @entity231 appear to be more prevalent in geriatric bald eagles. An obvious positive menace response is present in most visual birds but may be absent in some eagles that are either normal or that do not have appreciable @entity75 . Applanation tonometry and the Schirmer tear @entity5482 can be performed easily on adult bald eagles and provide reproducible results.

title: Normal ocular parameters and characterization of XXXX in a group of captive bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'Cataracts', 'bilateral cataracts']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['ophthalmic lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Long head biceps (LHB) @entity924 is a common cause of anterior shoulder @entity158 . Isolated LHB pathology is most common among younger @entity1 who practise overhead sports. The authors conducted a short-term prospective randomised study to test the effectiveness of two different methods for the treatment of @entity135 : biphasic oscillatory waves and @entity221 . STUDY DESIGN: The study is a prospective randomised study (Level II). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors identified 20 @entity1 who had clinical and ultrasound (US) evidence of LHB @entity924 . No @entity1 was a high-level athlete. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (10 @entity1 ) was treated with bi-phasic oscillatory waves, while Group B received @entity221 . During the treatment period, no other electromedical therapy, injections with @entity288 , oral analgesics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were allowed. All the @entity1 were assessed at baseline (T0), immediately after the end of the treatment period (T1) and 6 months after the end of treatment (T2) using a visual analogic scale (VAS) and @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ). Furthermore, all @entity1 underwent US examinations at T0 and at T1. All the US examinations were performed by the same radiologist. RESULTS: The VAS scores showed a highly statistically significant @entity158 at T1 both in Group A (65%; p=0,004) and in Group B (50%; p=0,0002). The @entity9468 also showed a statistically significant improvement between the pre-intervention, the post-treatment and the short-term follow-up in both groups. In addition, the peritendinous fluid evident on US examination at T0 was no longer present in all cases at T1. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that both bi-phasic oscillatory waves and @entity221 are able to relieve @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity135 . This is a Class II level of evidence.

title: Short-term effectiveness of bi-phase oscillatory waves versus @entity221 for isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['isolated LHB tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reduction of pain']

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['CMS', 'Constant-Murley Score']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['long head biceps tendinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effects of intraperitoneal insulin pump therapy on lipoprotein composition and lipolytic enzyme activity in @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Ten @entity1723 @entity1 were studied 3 times: when receiving conventional subcutaneous insulin therapy and at 3 and 9 months from the initiation of intraperitoneal insulin regimen. Ten nondiabetic subjects matched for age, sex, and body weight were studied as controls. Levels of @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ( @entity755 ) were measured in total plasma and lipoprotein fractions (very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL], intermediate-density lipoprotein [IDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and high-density lipoprotein [HDL]: @entity9477 and @entity9478 ). Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and @entity5705 activities were determined by an immunochemical method. RESULTS: @entity1723 @entity1 showed higher levels of @entity9478 and lower levels of @entity9477 particles during intraperitoneal insulin therapy in comparison with subcutaneous insulin therapy. Both @entity165 and @entity1675 significantly increased in @entity9478 and decreased in @entity9477 during intraperitoneal treatment. Plasma total @entity165 significantly decreased in the @entity6 @entity1 at 3 months of intraperitoneal insulin therapy compared with both subcutaneous insulin regimen and control subjects. IDL @entity412 concentrations during intraperitoneal treatment were significantly lower than those seen with subcutaneous therapy. Furthermore, @entity412 : @entity755 ratio in VLDL and @entity165 : @entity755 ratio in LDL significantly decreased in @entity1723 @entity1 treated by intraperitoneal insulin. A significant increase in the activity of @entity5705 with intraperitoneal insulin therapy by 9 months compared with subcutaneous insulin therapy has been shown. CONCLUSIONS: The increased activity of @entity5705 after intraperitoneal insulin administration in @entity1723 @entity1 appears to be one of the main determinants of lipoprotein changes observed, resulting in the normalization of lipoprotein composition during this mode of therapy. The normal inverse relationship between VLDL @entity1674 and HDL @entity165 , which was not present in @entity1723 @entity1 with subcutaneous therapy, was restored with intraperitoneal insulin regimen.

title: Normalization of lipoprotein composition by intraperitoneal insulin in @entity1723 . Role of increased XXXX activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apoA-I', 'apoA-I) and B', 'apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5705 :: (3990,Gene) :: ['hepatic lipase']


abstract: Standard therapy in the United States for @entity5 -associated @entity5052 consists of hydration, alkalinization, and @entity208 . Urate oxidase catalyzes the enzymatic oxidation of @entity414 to a 5 times increased urine soluble product, @entity13579 . Rasburicase is a new recombinant form of urate oxidase available for clinical evaluation. This multicenter randomized trial compared @entity208 to rasburicase in pediatric @entity1 with @entity1778 or @entity706 at high risk for @entity5 lysis. @entity1 received the assigned @entity414 -lowering agent for 5 to 7 days during induction chemotherapy. The primary efficacy end point was to compare the area under the serial plasma @entity414 concentration curves during the first 96 hours of therapy (AUC(0-96)). Fifty-two @entity1 were randomized at 6 sites. In an intent-to-treat analysis, the mean @entity414 AUC(0-96) was 128 +/- 70 mg/dL.hour for the rasburicase group and 329 +/- 129 mg/dL.hour for the @entity208 group (P <.0001). The rasburicase versus @entity208 group experienced a 2.6-fold (95% CI: 2.0-3.4) less exposure to @entity414 . Four hours after the first dose, @entity1 randomized to rasburicase compared to @entity208 achieved an 86% versus 12% reduction (P <.0001) of initial plasma @entity414 levels. No antirasburicase antibodies were detected at day 14. This randomized study demonstrated more rapid control and lower levels of plasma @entity414 in @entity1 at high risk for @entity5 lysis who received rasburicase compared to @entity208 . For pediatric @entity1 with advanced stage @entity706 or high @entity5 burden @entity1778 , rasburicase is a safe and effective alternative to @entity208 during initial chemotherapy.

title: A randomized comparison between rasburicase and @entity208 in XXXX with @entity706 or @entity1778 at high risk for @entity5 lysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity13579 :: ('MESH:D000481', 'Chemical') :: ['allantoin']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic administration of @entity29274 , a long-acting non-SH group angiotensin converting enzyme ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor, reduced @entity644 , inhibited @entity8 and prevented @entity631 in chronic @entity8424 ( @entity7540 ) - induced @entity1985 @entity35 . @entity3450 was induced by injection of @entity7540 (15mg/100g body weight) in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 . Four groups were used, i) the @entity7540 group (14), ii) @entity7540 / @entity29274 (13), iii) @entity29274 (14) and iv) untreated controls (15). @entity29274 (8 mg/kg/day) was administered to the @entity35 which were killed at weeks 4, 14 or 20. At each time point, systolic blood pressure (BP), urinary protein excretion and renal histopathological findings were evaluated, and morphometric image analysis was done. Systolic BP in the @entity7540 group was significantly high at 4, 14 and 20 weeks, but was normal in the @entity7540 / @entity29274 group. Urinary protein excretion in the @entity7540 group increased significantly, peaking at 8 days, then decreased at 4 weeks, but rose again significantly at 14 and 20 weeks. @entity29274 did not attenuate @entity644 at 8 days, but it did markedly lower it from weeks 4 to 20. The @entity631 index (GSI) was 6.21 % at 4 weeks and respectively 25.35 % and 30.49 % at 14 and 20 weeks in the @entity7540 group. There was a significant correlation between urinary protein excretion and GSI (r = 0.808, p < 0.0001). The ratio of glomerular tuft area to the area of Bowman's capsules (GT/BC) in the @entity7540 group was significantly increased, but it was significantly lower in the @entity7540 / @entity29274 group. It appears that @entity29274 was effective in retarding renal progression and protected renal function in @entity7540 neprotic @entity35 .

title: XXXX , a long-acting non-SH group angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, modulates @entity8 in chronic @entity8424 @entity3450 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity29274 :: ('MESH:C055603', 'Chemical') :: ['Temocapril', 'temocapril']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity29274 :: (MESH:C055603,Chemical) :: ['Temocapril']


abstract: To calculate the accuracy of @entity452 infusion as a stress test to detect @entity301 , 90 @entity1 with @entity951 and nine asymptomatic subjects with nonsignificant @entity301 were submitted to a @entity452 test and coronary arteriography. @entity452 was given in doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 micrograms kg-1 min-1 every 5 min; a 12 lead ECG and blood pressure was monitored. Pressure x rate product increased from 8240 +/- 1667 to 14,898 +/- 3042. The test was negative (neither @entity158 , nor ST segment shift) in 31 @entity1 , and positive in 68. The ST segment was depressed in 33 cases and elevated in 20. Significant (greater than or equal to 50%) @entity301 were seen in 63 @entity1 and functional (coronary spasm or vasoconstriction) abnormalities in six. The sensitivity of the @entity452 test for the detection of @entity301 was 95%, specificity 78%, predictive value of a positive test 88%, of a negative test 90% and diagnostic efficiency 89%. Strongly positive tests predicted severe lesions in 91% of the cases, and slightly positive tests ruled out severe lesions in 84%. ST segment elevation was induced in 20 cases and corresponded to a severe @entity301 . In conclusion, the @entity452 stress test is a simple and accurate method of predicting @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity951 , distinguishing between severe and mild lesions. It can be a good alternative to an exercise test.

title: @entity452 stress test to diagnose the presence and severity of @entity453 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions', 'coronary lesion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['angina pain']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the @entity227 (VA) at various contrast levels in the two eyes of overnight orthokeratology (ortho-k) subjects, and to compare their postortho-k VA with the best corrected VA of spectacle-wearing control subjects matched for age, gender, and initial @entity2516 . METHODS: Distance postortho-k uncorrected and best corrected logMAR VA at four different contrast levels of 31 ortho-k (test) subjects (aged 7-35 years old) and the best corrected VA of 31 spectacle-wearing (control) subjects were measured and compared using the Waterloo Four-Contrast LogMAR VA Chart, which incorporated four sets of letters at different contrast levels: 90%, 48%, 21%, and 7%. Noncycloplegic manifest @entity2516 was measured in both eyes. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD percentage reductions in spherical equivalent achieved in the current study were 92% +/- 11% in the better eye and 84% +/- 14% in the worse eye of the test subjects. Postortho-k uncorrected VAs were significantly correlated with the residual overall blurring strength (length of the vector representing the residual @entity2516 ) in both eyes at all contrast levels. The mean postortho-k uncorrected VA in the better eye were 0.00 +/- 0.11, 0.08 +/- 0.11, 0.21 +/- 0.12, and 0.46 +/- 0.13 with the 90%, 48%, 21%, and 7% contrast charts, respectively. These were comparable to the best corrected VA of the better eye of the control group with the 90% (-0.03 +/- 0.07) and 48% contrast charts (0.03 +/- 0.09), but worse than those of the control group with the 21% (0.13 +/- 0.10) and 7% (0.35 +/- 0.13) contrast charts. Postortho-k VA, with the four different contrast charts, improved by 0.07 to 0.12 log units in the better eye and 0.15 to 0.18 log units in the worse eye after correction of the residual @entity2516 ; the improved VA was comparable to the best corrected VA of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Postortho-k visual outcomes were compromised primarily due to the presence of residual @entity2516 . Although the uncorrected postortho-k VA was comparable to the best corrected VA of the spectacle wearers at high-contrast levels, it was worse at low-contrast levels and caused a significant between-eye difference at all contrast levels. Therefore, we suggested that monocular VA at high- and low-contrast levels should be evaluated for ortho-k @entity1 .

title: @entity227 changes in orthokeratology XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error and visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) has been shown to stimulate proliferation of @entity43 cells and is present in the ascitic fluid of @entity1 with @entity43 . OBJECTIVES: To determine whether elevated levels of @entity4991 are present in plasma from @entity1 with @entity43 and other gynecologic @entity5 compared with healthy controls and to evaluate whether an elevated @entity4991 plasma level may be a biomarker for these diseases. DESIGN: A research assay was used to measure total @entity4991 levels in plasma from healthy @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity66 . All @entity4991 assays and comparison of @entity4991 levels and @entity10224 (an @entity43 biomarker) levels were performed by observers blinded to @entity1 status or group. SETTING: The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. @entity1 : A convenience sample of 48 healthy control @entity1 , 48 @entity1 with @entity43 , 36 @entity1 with other @entity5 , 17 @entity1 with @entity13374 , 11 @entity1 with @entity0 , and 5 @entity1 with @entity1778 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total @entity4991 levels in plasma samples from @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity43 group had significantly higher plasma @entity4991 levels (mean, 8.6 micromol/L; range, 1.0-43.1 micromol/L) compared with the healthy control group (mean, 0.6 micromol/L; range, <0.1-6.3 micromol/L) (P<.001). Elevated plasma @entity4991 levels were detected in 9 of 10 @entity1 with @entity43 , 24 of 24 @entity1 with stage II, III, and IV @entity43 , and 14 of 14 @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . Of 36 @entity1 with other @entity5 , 33 also showed higher @entity4991 levels(mean, 14.9 micromol/L; range, <0.1-63.2 pmol/L), compared with healthy controls (P<.001). Elevated plasma @entity4991 levels were detected in 5 of 48 controls and 4 of 17 @entity1 with @entity13374 and in no @entity1 with @entity0 or @entity1778 . In comparison, among a subset of @entity1 with @entity43 , 28 of 47 had elevated @entity10224 levels, including 2 of 9 @entity1 with stage I disease. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma @entity4991 levels may represent a potential biomarker for @entity43 and other @entity5 . However, these findings are preliminary and require confirmation in larger studies.

title: XXXX as a potential biomarker for @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'stage I ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['different diseases']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['benign gynecologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive Functional Therapy has been shown to reduce @entity158 and disability in @entity1 with @entity1643 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate @entity1 ' experience of Cognitive Functional Therapy by comparing those who reported larger or smaller improvements with treatment, potentially yielding insight into the implementation of this approach. DESIGN: Non-interventional, cross-sectional study with an Interpretive Description framework. METHODS: Individuals who had participated in Cognitive Functional Therapy in two physiotherapy settings (in Ireland and Australia) were recruited through purposive sampling based on disability outcomes post intervention (n=9), and theoretical sampling (n=5). This sampling strategy was used to capture a range of @entity1 experiences, but was not used to define the final qualitative groupings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted 3-6 months post intervention. RESULTS: Three groups emerged from the qualitative analysis; Large Improvers, Small Improvers and Unchanged. Two themes encapsulated the pivotal steps: (i) Changing @entity158 Beliefs and (ii) Achieving Independence. Changing @entity158 beliefs to a more biopsychosocial perspective required a strong therapeutic alliance, development of body awareness and the experience of control over @entity158 . Those who were Unchanged retained their biomedical beliefs. Independence was achieved by Large Improvers through newly cultivated problem solving skills, self-efficacy, decreased fear of @entity158 and improved stress coping. Residual fear and poor stress coping meant Small Improvers were easily distressed and lacked independence. Those who were Unchanged continued to feel defined by their @entity158 and retained a biomedical perspective. CONCLUSION: A successful outcome after Cognitive Functional Therapy is dependent on instilling @entity158 beliefs and developing independence among @entity1 . Small Improvers may require ongoing support to maintain results. Further study is required to elucidate the optimal approach for those who were Unchanged.

title: XXXX Perspectives on Participation in Cognitive Functional Therapy for @entity1643 : A Qualitative Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['biopsychosocial pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this single-masked pilot clinical study is to compare the tissue response and @entity282 after the use of a diode laser (810 nm) (DL) as an adjunct to modified Widman flap (MWF) surgery to that of MWF alone. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with generalized severe chronic @entity2521 completed the study. Control sites were randomly selected to receive an MWF and the contralateral test sites an MWF in conjunction with a DL. The study tooth/site was treated plus any additional teeth in the quadrant in which the site was located, if needed. Randomization was done using a coin flip. The DL was used to de-epithelialize the inner part of the periodontal flap and photo-biostimulate the surgical area. @entity158 scale assessment (PS), @entity158 medication consumption (PM), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and tissue color (TC) were evaluated 1 week after surgery. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were seen for @entity4 (P = 0.041), PM (P <0.001), and PS (P <0.001) favoring test sites. TC did not show a statistically significant difference (P = 0.9766). @entity1 rated the first surgical treatment (test or control; random assignment to first treatment) performed as more @entity158 than the second (P <0.002). CONCLUSION: The use of an 810-nm diode laser provided additional benefits to MWF surgery in terms of less @entity4 and @entity282 .

title: The effect of an 810-nm diode laser on @entity282 and tissue response after modified Widman flap surgery: a pilot study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['tissue edema', 'edema', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: An abattoir survey was carried out during the 1991 to 1992 slaughter season to examine the structure of the ostertagid populations in @entity2498 . Most of the animals were 15- to 22-month-old stags, but there were also hinds on two occasions and @entity291 on one. Ostertagids of mixed species were present in all of the animals, and 43 of 120 (35.8 per cent) stags and 10 of 17 (58.8 per cent) hinds, but no @entity291 , also carried small numbers of @entity8955 . Most animals carried adult and developing ostertagids and after September they all contained hypobiotic larvae (EL4). EL4 were present in three of nine stags in September and they increased in number through the autumn. In stags killed between November and February the group mean numbers of EL4 represented 62 to 94 per cent of the total burdens present, compared with 37 and 55 per cent on April 1 and 7, respectively. In the hinds, the number and the structure of the ostertagid populations was similar to that in the stags. Of 14 @entity291 killed on October 9, only two contained a few EL4. Subcutaneous ivermectin at 400 micrograms/kg removed 100 per cent of the adult and developing worms, but although it also removed 95 per cent of EL4, some larvae remained in every treated animal. The efficacy of @entity18172 at 15 mg/kg given over five days was 75 per cent against EL4 and although the long interval after treatment obscured the result, it was probably much higher against later stages.

title: Hypobiosis in the ostertagids of @entity2498 and the efficacy of ivermectin and XXXX against them.

entities_list: @entity8955 :: ('40349', 'Species') :: ['Trichostrongylus axei']

entities_list: @entity18172 :: ('MESH:D005273', 'Chemical') :: ['fenbendazole']

answer: @entity18172 :: (MESH:D005273,Chemical) :: ['fenbendazole']


abstract: The majority of care of @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is provided by informal caregivers; their caregiving not only offers physical and emotional support for @entity1 but also plays a large economic role and prevents early nursing home placement. In order to support caregivers in this role, it is necessary to understand the extent of caregiver-burden and factors associated with increased caregiver-burden and distress. We therefore conducted a postal survey in 123 caregivers of @entity1 with @entity191 to assess caregiver-burden and factors associated with it. The majority of caregivers were female (66%). Over 40% of caregivers indicated that their health had suffered as a result of caregiving, almost half had increased @entity308 scores, and two-thirds reported that their social life had suffered. After adjustment of disease duration, there was no difference in caregiver-burden between younger and older caregivers, or between male and female caregivers. Caregiver-burden increased with increasing disability and symptoms of @entity191 , particularly with mental health problems such as @entity308 , @entity1833 , or @entity911 , and with falls. Caregiver-burden scores also correlated significantly with the @entity1 ' @entity308 and quality of life scores, and with caregivers' own satisfaction with their marital and sexual relationship. We conclude that more attention should be paid to caregivers' emotional and physical health, particularly in advancing @entity191 with @entity146 complications and falls. These findings also demonstrate that caregiver and @entity1 quality of life are closely linked and emphasize the importance of including caregiver-burden among the problems associated with @entity191 in order to improve @entity1 and caregiver lives.

title: Caregiver-burden in @entity191 is closely associated with XXXX symptoms, falls, and disability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prospective studies have established the @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) efficiency in childhood @entity3441 ( @entity3441 ) but reports on the long-term outcome are lacking. Moreover, the search for factors influencing its efficiency would be useful to define its place among the other treatments. METHODS: We performed a monocentric retrospective study including 96 @entity1 with @entity479 -dependent @entity3441 followed for 4.7  years (median) (IQ 3-6) after the onset of @entity2098 treatment. The characteristics of responder @entity1 (n   =   74), as defined by a 50  % decrease of relapse rate and/or a 60  % decrease of @entity479 dose, and of non-responder @entity1 (n   =   22) were compared by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Withdrawal of @entity229 was achieved in 48/96 @entity1 after a median duration of 18.1  months (IQ 7.8-30.0) of @entity2098 . Only 26/48 @entity1 did not relapse under @entity2098 alone. After @entity2098 was stopped in these @entity1 , only six remained in remission without any treatment at last follow-up. Responders had a shorter time to remission at the first flare (9.5 vs. 15  days, p   =   0.02), a @entity66 duration prior to  the onset of @entity2098 (22.2 vs. 94.5  months, p   =   0.001), and were younger at the @entity2098 initiation (6.7 vs. 10.1  years, p   =   0.02) than non-responder @entity1 . The age of @entity2098 initiation was an independent factor associated with efficiency (OR   =   0.80, 95  % CI [0.69, 0.93], p   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2098 is more efficient in young @entity1 treated early in the disease  course. Nevertheless, @entity2098 has no remnant effect while nearly all @entity1 relapsed after withdrawal of the drug.

title: XXXX in @entity479 -dependent @entity3441 .

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['INS', 'idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['Mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the potential effect of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on lipid peroxidation and activity of @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) two important endogenous anti-oxidant enzymes. METHODS: Twenty healthy male Newzland @entity95 weighting 1500-1800 g were divided into two groups. One group was considered as the @entity1500 groups and the other was considered as control group. @entity95 had free access to food and tap water. @entity95 in @entity1500 group received a single dose of @entity1500 , 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally, a similar volume of saline was administered to control group. After 6 days @entity95 were uteinized and spinal tissue excised for biochemical studies. RESULTS: GPX and SOD activities in spinal tissue in @entity95 of @entity1500 group significantly reduced after @entity1500 administration compared to control group(P = 0.002 vs 0.18). An increase in the tissue @entity1865 level was seen in the @entity1500 group, suggesting increased lipid peroxidation. Levels of @entity1865 were significantly higher in @entity1500 group compared to control group (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that @entity1500 treatment induces oxidative tissue damage on the spinal tissue, as assessed by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased GPX and SOD levels, so decreasing oxidative stress by anti-oxidant agents may play a key role in attenuating @entity1566 .

title: Oxidative effect of @entity1499 administration in spinal cord of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with the development of @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) and to examine the incidence of @entity2489 in different intensive care unit (ICU) populations. DESIGN: An inception cohort study. SETTING: Barnes Hospital, St Louis, Mo, an academic tertiary care center. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : A total of 277 consecutive @entity1 required mechanical ventilation for longer than 24 hours from a medical ICU (75 @entity1 ), surgical ICU (100 @entity1 ), or cardiothoracic ICU (102 @entity1 ). INTERVENTIONS: Prospective @entity1 surveillance and data collection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity2489 and ICU mortality. RESULTS: @entity2489 occurred in 43 @entity1 (15.5%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified four factors to be independently associated with @entity2489 (P < .05): an organ system failure index of 3 or greater (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 10.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5 to 23; P < .001); @entity1 age of 60 years or older (AOR = 5.1; 95% CI, 1.9 to 14.1; P = .002); prior administration of antibiotics (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.4 to 6.9; P = .004); and supine head positioning during the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.8; P = .013). @entity2489 occurred more often in cardiothoracic @entity1 (21.6%) compared with medical @entity1 (9.3%) (P = .03). @entity1 with @entity2489 also had a higher mortality (37.2%) than those without @entity2489 (8.5%) (P < .001). An organ system failure index of 3 or greater (AOR = 16.1; 95% CI, 6.1 to 42; P < .001), a premorbid lifestyle score of 2 or greater (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3 to 7.3; P = .012), and supine head positioning during the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.8; P = .016) were independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest potential interventions that might affect the incidence of @entity2489 or outcome associated with @entity2489 . Additionally, they indicate that different ICU populations may have different incidences of @entity2489 .

title: XXXX . A multivariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['Ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: The case pertains to a 47-year-old male. He consulted our institute regarding a @entity5 in his right kidney. Endoscopic retroperitoneal nephrectomy of the right kidney was conducted to remove the @entity5 . The postoperative pathology was @entity1358 ( @entity1358 , pT1b, pNx, V (+), Fuhrman grade 4). Multiple lung metastases were observed upon CT scan the following year. @entity2240 was administered following Interferon alpha ( @entity3027 ) therapy; however, the lung metastases became larger, so administration of @entity2239 at 10 mg/day was commenced. The lung metastatic lesion became smaller upon CT scan from 6 weeks following administration, and it was determined that the therapeutic effect was PR. The PR was still maintained upon CT scan 31 weeks following administration but the lung metastatic lesion still remained; therefore, right lower lobe resection and lymph node biopsy were conducted upon obtaining informed consent. The administration of @entity2239 at 10 mg/day is still subsequently being continued due to viable @entity5 cells being observed in the lung metastatic lesion and the lymph node. At present, 43 weeks have past since the start of @entity2239 administration, but no new metastatic lesions have been observed.

title: [Case of multiple lung metastases of XXXX failing to respond to Interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) and @entity2240 but markedly responding to @entity2239 ].

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Cell Carcinoma', 'Clear cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Long gap esophageal @entity1146 may require months of preoperative management before definitive repair. When 2 recent @entity1 prompted the authors to consider preoperative home care, no published protocol could be identified. This survey is undertaken to determine pediatric surgeons' experience with preoperative home care for long gap @entity1146 . METHODS: A total of 543 surgeons were asked if any @entity1 with long gap @entity1146 had been treated preoperatively at home. For @entity1 sent home, information on nursing care, insurance issues, complications, and timing or type of repair was requested. RESULTS: A total of 380 surveys (70%) were returned. A total of 165 surveys representing 348 @entity1 were included. Forty-one of 165 surgeons (25%) treated 63 of 87 @entity1 (72%) with long gap @entity1146 and an intact upper pouch at home. Home nursing care was provided for 44 @entity1 (70%): 16 (36.4%) night shift, 2 (4.5%) day shift, 3 (6.8%) 24 hour, and 23 (52.3%) intermittent care. No complications referable to preoperative home care were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Significant hesitancy and practice variance exists regarding preoperative home care of @entity1 with long gap esophageal @entity1146 . Many surgeons are satisfied with the safety and cost effectiveness of this technique, although a prospective, multicenter trial is needed to study it in a randomized, controlled fashion.

title: Preoperative home care for esophageal XXXX --a survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although primary-care physicians were a principal target audience for the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP), there is little published information describing the postguideline @entity565 care practices of these physicians or their willingness to embrace the NAEPP guidelines. This study examines @entity565 care practices of Chicago-area primary-care physicians and assesses these practitioners' perceptions and beliefs about several aspects of the NAEPP guidelines. METHODS: In 1997, a self-administered survey was mailed to a randomly selected 10% sample of Chicago-area general pediatricians, internists, and family practitioners. RESULTS: Surveys were returned by 244 of the 405 eligible Chicago-area primary-care physicians (60.2%) in the sample. Of these, 66 (27.6%) were pediatricians, 83 (34.7%) were general internists, and 90 (37.7%) were family practitioners. Physicians reported that 54.6 +/- 2.7% (mean +/- SE) of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity565 have spirometry performed as part of their initial evaluation. For @entity1 with moderate persistent @entity565 , prescribing of inhaled corticosteroids varied by @entity1 age, with 60.5% of physicians routinely prescribing them for @entity1 < 5 years, compared with 95.7% of physicians prescribing them for @entity1 > or = 5 years. Awareness of the NAEPP guide-lines among these physicians was high, with 88.5% reporting that they have heard of the guidelines, and 73.6% reporting having read them. Of @entity1 with moderate or severe persistent @entity565 , physicians estimated that 47.7 +/- 2.7% were given written treatment plans. CONCLUSION: Several aspects of the NAEPP guidelines appear to have been incorporated into clinical practice by Chicago-area primary-care physicians, whereas other recommendations do not appear to have been readily adopted. This information suggests areas for interventions to improve primary care for @entity565 in the Chicago area.

title: Asthma care practices, perceptions, and beliefs of Chicago-area primary-care physicians. Chicago XXXX Initiative Project Team.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma Surveillance']


abstract: This work concerns the debate surrounding the modified @entity158 reactivity of @entity1 with @entity161 and other possible perceptive distortions. @entity35 with a neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) were used to model the neuro-developmental aspect of @entity161 , and their reactivity to various stimuli was evaluated. The results could also help understand sensory deficits in other @entity245 . Behavioural reactions to graduated painful thermal and mechanical stimuli were observed, and evoked potential responsiveness to tactile, visual and acoustic non-painful stimuli was recorded and compared to non-operated and sham lesioned controls. A higher threshold was observed with painful mechanical stimuli and shorter paw withdrawal latency with thermal stimuli. This was particularly relevant as there was no change in the evoked potentials triggered by non-nociceptive tactile stimulation of the same part of the body. There was a 10 dB(A) increase in the auditory threshold and a @entity2167 . Visually evoked potentials did not appear to be affected. Taken together, the results showed that NVHL-evoked alteration of brain development induces @entity3883 , thermal @entity1931 and auditory sensory changes. The data also contribute towards elucidating mechanisms underlying sensory deficits in @entity16 , including @entity161 .

title: Neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions modify @entity158 perception and evoked potentials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hypoalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['suppression of auditory sensory motor gating']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental diseases']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: During the estrous cycle and beginning in estrus, the mammary gland undergoes pregnancy-like development that depends on transcriptional regulation by the @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors (ER, PR) and @entity16276 as well as the action of the growth factors @entity11494 and @entity5271 . In this report, we first describe the decay and delayed expression of @entity11716 , PR, and @entity16276 proteins as well as @entity308 of @entity11494 and @entity5271 mRNA coincident with the strong @entity172 surge in proestrus. In time-course studies using ovari-ectomized @entity19 , a single @entity172 injection replicated these delays and caused an 18 h delay in @entity11494 expression. Molecular time-delay systems are at the core of cellular cycles, most notably the circadian clock, and depend on proteasome degradation of transcriptional regulators that exhibit dedicated timing functions. The cytoplasmic dynamics of these regulators govern delay duration through negative transcription/translation feedback loops. A proteasome inhibitor, @entity1749 , blocked @entity172 -stimulated @entity11716 , PR, and @entity16276 decay and proteasome chymotryptic activity, assayed using a fluorogenic substrate, was elevated in proestrus correlating with the depletion of the transcription factors. The 18-h delay in @entity11494 induction corresponded to the turnover time of @entity16276 protein in the cytoplasm and was eliminated in @entity16276 knockout mammary tissue, demonstrating that @entity16276 has a unique timing function. The patterns of @entity172 -triggered @entity11716 , PR, and @entity16276 turnover were consistent with a negative transcriptional feedback. Retarding the expression of @entity11716 , PR, and @entity16276 may optimize preparations for pregnancy by coordinating expression of critical receptors and transcription factors with rising @entity172 and @entity1420 levels in estrus. The @entity172 surge in proestrus has no defined mammotropic function. This study provides the first evidence that it is a synchronizing signal triggering proteasome-dependent turnover of mammary gland @entity11716 , PR, and @entity16276 . We hypothesize that the delays reflect a previously unrecognized timing system, which is present in all ovarian target tissues.

title: XXXX -triggered delays in mammary gland gene expression during the estrous cycle: evidence for a novel timing system.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']