abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of repeated bland-TAE using small-size microspheres for liver @entity3 . To date, there have been no publications as to whether bland-TAE could be effective for nonhypervascular @entity96 . METHODS: Bland-TAE with 100- m, calibrated microspheres was performed in two chemoresistant @entity1 : one with colorectal @entity3 and the other with gastric @entity3 . Both @entity1 had @entity5 in the entire liver. An implantable port-catheter system was placed in the hepatic artery to conduct repeated embolizations, thereby achieving enough efficacies. Microspheres were injected via the port until the disappearance of the @entity5 stains. Angiographies via the port were conducted 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after bland-TAE to evaluate the patency of the hepatic artery. RESULTS: The hepatic artery started to recanalize 1 day after TAE and @entity5 stains appeared again during the 14 days. In both @entity1 , bland-TAE was repeated four times in intervals of 14-21 days. The enhanced CTs showed necrotic changes and the decrease in size of the @entity5 . The serum @entity787 level decreased from 2,989 to 70 ng/ml and from 174 to 48 ng/ml, respectively. Bilomas and a @entity5572 developed as complications. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated bland-TAE using 100- m microspheres injected via an implantable port-catheter system could be effective for liver @entity3 , although the caution of @entity130 is needed.

title: Repeated bland-TAE using small microspheres injected via an implantable port-catheter system for liver XXXX : an initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['biliary injury']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The pattern of bioactive and immunoreactive LH secretion before and during pulsatile @entity1176 therapy (18 micrograms/90 min) in a @entity14136 has been studied. Before treatment the @entity1 was azoospermic and had low @entity251 (1.2 nmol/l) with low and apulsatile immunoreactive LH (1.9 +/- 0.2 IU/l) and FSH (1.4 +/- 1.9 IU/l) levels. There was no detectable LH bioactivity. During the first 24 h of @entity1176 therapy there was a small increase in immunoreactive (5.4 +/- 0.8 IU/l) and bioactive (6.7 +/- 1.3 IU/l) LH, with an irregular pattern and little effect on @entity251 production (2.2 nmol/l). Within 1 week of treatment both bioactive (30.5 +/- 6.8 IU/l) and immunoreactive (13.6 +/- 1.5 IU/l) LH levels were above the normal range and the pattern of secretion was pulsatile. The bioactive to immunoreactive (B:I) LH ratios within the pulses (2.6 +/- 0.3) were higher (P less than 0.01) than between pulses (1.97 +/- 0.1) and the @entity251 concentration (17.8 +/- 2.1 nmol/l) was now normal. At one month LH secretion was similar and @entity251 pulses of high amplitude were evident corresponding to high-amplitude bioactive LH pulses. By 3 months mature spermatozoa (1.3 x 10(6)/ml) were seen in the @entity1 's semen. The pattern of LH secretion was pulsatile but the levels of bioactive (13.1 +/- 3.6 IU/l) and immunoreactive (9.5 +/- 1.3 IU/l) LH decreased towards the normal range reflecting maturation of the testicular feedback control at the pituitary level. This effect was more pronounced on bioactive rather than immunoreactive LH secretion (57% vs 32% relative decrease). At 6 months LH levels were similar and the sperm count was normal (34 x 10(6)/ml).

title: Quantitative and qualitative changes in LH secretion following pulsatile @entity1176 therapy in a XXXX with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.

entities_list: @entity14136 :: ('MESH:D005058', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotrophic hypogonadal male']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The @entity40397 gene encodes a highly conserved small nuclear protein with a unique @entity535 sequence and three-dimensional structure but unknown function. The gene is present in animals, plants, and protists but to date has only been found in few fungi. Here we report that @entity40397 homologs are also present in all four species from the genus @entity25577 , @entity6739 , @entity25577 , S. cryophilus, and @entity25908 , which, however, are an exception in this respect among Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The @entity40397 protein sequence is moderately conserved within the genus (58% identity between @entity6739 and @entity25908 ), but the intron-rich genes have almost identical intron-exon organizations in all four species. In @entity6739 , erh1(+) is expressed at a roughly constant level during vegetative growth and adaptation to unfavorable conditions such as nutrient limitation and hyperosmotic stress caused by @entity5121 . Erh1p localizes preferentially to the nucleus with the exception of the nucleolus, but is also present in the cytoplasm. Cells lacking erh1(+) have an aberrant cell morphology and a comma-like shape when cultured to the stationary phase, and exhibit a delayed recovery from this phase followed by slower growth. Loss of erh1(+) in an auxotrophic background results in enhanced arrest in the G1 phase following nutritional stress, and also leads to @entity56 to agents inducing hyperosmotic stress ( @entity5121 ), inhibiting DNA replication ( @entity1862 ), and destabilizing the plasma membrane ( @entity214 ); this @entity56 can be abolished by expression of @entity6739 erh1(+) and, to a lesser extent, @entity25908 erh1(+) or @entity1 @entity40397 . Erh1p fails to interact with the @entity1 @entity40398 and @entity40399 / @entity40399 proteins, known molecular partners of @entity1 @entity40397 . Our data suggest that in @entity25577 sp. erh1(+) is non-essential for normal growth and Erh1p could play a role in response to adverse environmental conditions and in cell cycle regulation.

title: Identification and functional analysis of the erh1(+) gene encoding enhancer of rudimentary homolog from the XXXX @entity6739 .

entities_list: @entity25908 :: ('4897', 'Species') :: ['S.japonicus', 'S. japonicus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity25577 :: ('4899', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces', 'S. octosporus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: We have conducted exposures in @entity35 to determine pulmonary responses following inhalation of two common components of welding fumes, @entity1947 and @entity1787 . To examine their effects on target-inducible gene expression, we measured mRNA levels of two metal-responsive genes, metallothionein (MT) and @entity1446 oxygenase (HO), in lung tissue by RNA slot-blot analysis. A 3-hr exposure to @entity1948 fume via a combustion furnace caused a substantial elevation in lung MT mRNA at all concentrations tested. Exposures to 5 and 2.5 mg/m3 @entity1948 resulted in peak 8-fold increases in MT mRNA levels (compared to air-exposed control animal values) immediately after exposure, while 1 mg/m3 @entity1948 exposure caused a 3.5-fold elevation in MT mRNA. These levels returned to approximate control gene expression values 24 hr after exposure. In addition, @entity1948 exposure caused an immediate elevation in lung HO gene expression levels, with 8-, 11-, and 5-fold increases observed after the same @entity1948 exposure levels (p < 0.05). Like MT gene induction, HO mRNA values returned to approximate control levels 24 hr after exposure. In striking contrast to the induction of MT and HO gene expression after @entity1948 exposures, there was no elevation in gene expression following a 6-hr exposure to 0.5 and 1 ppm @entity1787 , even when lungs were examined as late as 72 hr after exposure. Our results demonstrate the induction of target gene expression following the inhalation of @entity1948 at concentrations equal to, and below, the current recommended threshold limit value of 5 mg/m3 @entity1948 . Furthermore, the lack of effect of @entity1787 exposure on MT and HO gene expression suggests no involvement of these genes in the acute respiratory response to this oxidant compound.

title: @entity35 lung metallothionein and @entity1446 oxygenase gene expression following @entity1787 and XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

answer: @entity1947 :: (MESH:D015034,Chemical) :: ['zinc oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of diminished ovarian reserve (OR) in @entity1 with recurrent @entity393 (RPL). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Tertiary fertility center. @entity1 (S): Six hundred ninety-two @entity1 undergoing a fertility evaluation. INTERVENTION(S): @entity4082 challenge test (CCCT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): FSH concentrations measured on menstrual days 3 and 10. RESULT(S): Forty-four @entity1 were diagnosed with RPL (+RPL), and 648 @entity1 had non-RPL diagnoses (-RPL). Compared with -RPL @entity1 , @entity1 with +RPL were younger (following statistics are listed as +RPL vs. -RPL, respectively; 34 +/- 5 vs. 35 +/- 4 y) but had similar menstrual cycle length (29 +/- 4 vs. 28 +/- 4 d), and lower day 3 FSH levels (8.9 + 7 vs. 11 +/- 9 mIU/mL) and similar day 10 FSH levels (11 +/- 8 vs. 12 +/- 11 mIU/mL). Eight of 44 @entity1 with +RPL (18%) had an abnormal CCCT, compared with 117/648 (18%) of @entity1 in the -RPL group. For @entity1 with normal OR, delivery rates were similar for -RPL and +RPL @entity1 . For @entity1 with an abnormal CCCT, delivery rates were < 5%. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 with RPL have a similar incidence of diminished OR as the general infertile population. Reproductive outcome for @entity1 with an abnormal CCCT is equally poor for both groups. Ovarian reserve screening should be considered in the work-up of RPL before initiation of anticoagulant or immunotherapy.

title: Recurrent XXXX and diminished ovarian reserve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['Clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['pregnancy loss']


abstract: Specificity constitutes a component of validity for a screening test. The number of false-positive (FP) results has been regarded as one of major shortcomings in @entity263 screening. We estimated the specificity of serum @entity1486 (PSA) determination in @entity263 screening using data from a randomised, controlled screening trial conducted in Finland with 32 000 @entity1 in the screening arm. We calculated the specificity as the proportion of @entity1 with negative findings (screen negatives, SN) relative to those with negative and FP results (SN/(SN+FP)). A SN finding was defined as either @entity1486 /=4 ng ml(-1) or PSA 3.0-3.9 ng ml(-1) combined with a negative ancillary test (digital rectal examination, DRE or free/total, F/T PSA ratio). False positives were those with positive screening test followed by a negative diagnostic examination. Of the 30 194 eligible @entity1 , 20 794 (69%) attended the first screening round and 1968 (9.5%) had a screen-positive finding. @entity263 were detected at screening (2.4%). Hence, the number of SN findings was 18 825 and the number of FP results 1358. Specificity was estimated as 0.933 (18 825 out of 20 183) with 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.929-0.936. Specificity decreased with age. Digital rectal examination as ancillary examination had similar or higher specificity than F/T PSA. In the second screening round, specificity was slightly lower (0.912, 95% CI 0.908-0.916). The specificity of PSA screening in the Finnish screening trial is acceptable. Further improvement in specificity could, however, improve acceptability of screening and decrease screening costs.

title: Specificity of serum XXXX determination in the Finnish @entity263 screening trial.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['A total of 508 prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA<', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE.   To quantify the association between admission to an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) room most recently occupied by a @entity1 positive for extended-spectrum b-lactamase (EBSL)-producing gram-negative bacteria and acquisition of infection or colonization with that pathogen. DESIGN.   Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND @entity1 .   The study included @entity1 admitted to medical and surgical ICUs of an academic medical center between September 1, 2001, and June 30, 2009. METHODS.   Perianal surveillance cultures were obtained at admission to the @entity1213 , weekly, and at discharge from the @entity1213 . @entity1 were included if they had culture results that were negative for ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria at @entity1213 admission and had an @entity1213 length of stay longer than 48 hours. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on ESBL-positive isolates from @entity1 who acquired the same bacterial species (eg, @entity4005 or @entity526 ) as the previous room occupant. RESULTS.   Among 9,371 eligible admissions (7,651 unique @entity1 ), 267 (3%) involved @entity1 who acquired an ESBL-producing pathogen in the @entity1213 ; of these @entity1 , 32 (12%) were hospitalized in a room in which the prior occupant had been positive for ESBL. Logistic regression results suggested that the prior occupant's ESBL status was not significantly associated with acquisition of an ESBL-producing pathogen (adjusted odds ratio, 1.39 [95% confidence interval, 0.94-2.08]) after adjusting for colonization pressure and antibiotic exposure in the @entity1213 . PFGE results suggested that 6 (18%) of 32 @entity1 acquired a bacterial strain that was the same as or closely related to the strain obtained from the prior occupant. CONCLUSIONs.   These data suggest that environmental contamination may not play a substantial role in the transmission of ESBL-producing pathogens among @entity1213 @entity1 . Intensifying environmental decontamination may be less effective than other interventions in preventing transmission of ESBL-producing pathogens.

title: Risk of acquiring extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing @entity4005 and @entity526 from prior room occupants in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella species']

answer: @entity1213 :: (MESH:D012555,Disease) :: ['intensive care unit']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This systematic review describes studies evaluating screening tools and brief interventions for addressing unhealthy substance use in primary care @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity6 or @entity308 . BACKGROUND: Primary care is the main entry point to the health care system for most @entity1 with comorbid unhealthy substance use and chronic medical conditions. Although of great public health importance, systematic reviews of screening tools and brief interventions for unhealthy substance use in this population that are also feasible for use in primary care have not been conducted. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: We systematically review the research literature on evidence-based tools for screening for unhealthy substance use in primary care @entity1 with @entity308 , @entity6 and @entity101 , and utilising brief interventions with this population. RESULTS: Despite recommendations to screen for and intervene with unhealthy substance use in primary care @entity1 with chronic medical conditions, the review found little indication of routine use of these practices. Limited evidence suggested the @entity285 Use Disorders Identification Test and @entity285 Use Disorders Identification Test-C screeners had adequate psychometric characteristics in @entity1 with the selected chronic medical conditions. Screening scores indicating more severe @entity285 use were associated with health-risk behaviours and poorer health outcomes, adding to the potential usefulness of screening for unhealthy @entity285 use in this population. CONCLUSIONS: Studies support brief interventions' effectiveness with @entity1 treated for @entity101 or @entity308 who hazardously use @entity285 or @entity835 , for both substance use and chronic medical condition outcomes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Although small, the international evidence base suggests that screening with the @entity285 Use Disorders Identification Test or @entity285 Use Disorders Identification Test-C and brief interventions for primary care @entity1 with chronic medical conditions, delivered by nurses or other providers, are effective for identifying unhealthy substance use and associated with healthy behaviours and improved outcomes. Lacking are studies screening for illicit drug use, and using single-item screening tools, which could be especially helpful for frontline primary care providers including nurses.

title: Screening and brief intervention for unhealthy substance use in XXXX with chronic medical conditions: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography angiography (CTA) is more sensitive for the detection of endoleaks in @entity1 with @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) after EVAR. DESIGN: Systematic review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic electronic search was performed. Articles were included when post-EVAR @entity1 were evaluated by both MRI as index test and CTA as comparison. Methodological quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool. Primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 in whom MRI detected additional endoleaks, which were not seen with CTA. RESULTS: Eleven articles were included. The overall methodological quality of the articles was good. In total, 369 @entity1 with 562 MRI and 562 CTA examinations were included. A total of 146 endoleaks were detected by CTA; MRI detected all but two of these endoleaks. With MRI 132 additional endoleaks were found. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is more sensitive compared to CTA for the detection of post-EVAR endoleaks, especially for the detection of @entity1070 . MRI should be considered in @entity1 with continued @entity1028 growth and negative or uncertain findings at CTA.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive than computed tomography angiography for the detection of endoleaks after XXXX repair: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['AAA', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleaks']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) is considered to be an indicator of @entity260 in. abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of serial measurement of @entity1851 in drainage fluid in the detection of @entity834 ( @entity834 ) in @entity1 with colorectal resection. METHODS: @entity1851 values in serum and drainage fluid, respectively, were measured on the first, third, fifth, and seventh postoperative day (POD) in 150 @entity1 with colorectal resection and primary @entity254 . The values obtained were compared between the groups of @entity1 without complications of surgical treatment and those with @entity834 . RESULTS: Clinically evident @entity834 was observed in 15 @entity1 --in two (4.2%) @entity1 with left colonic surgery, and 13 (12.6%) @entity1 with @entity14 . Mean values of @entity1851 were higher in the @entity1 with @entity834 than in the @entity1 without complications, both in serum and drainage fluid, with the most significant differences recorded on the PODs 5 and 7 (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between serum and drainage fluid @entity1851 levels in both groups of patients. Serum and drainage fluid @entity1851 values on the PODs 5 and 7 are most important in the detection of @entity834 . In 80% of @entity1 with @entity1851 values in the drainage fluid of 53 mg/L for the POD 5 and 42 mg/L for the POD 7 @entity834 was observed. The method specificity was 77% for the POD 5, and 83% for the POD 7. All the @entity1 with @entity1851 values in drainage fluid above 108 mg/L on the POD 5 and 93 mg/L on the POD 7 had @entity834 . CONCLUSION: Serial measurement of @entity1851 in drainage fluid can reliably be used in the detection of @entity834 in @entity1 with colorectal resection. The most significant values obtained on the PODs 5 and 7 were positively correlated with the values registered in

title: @entity1851 in drainage fluid as a predictor of XXXX after elective colorectal resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: To compare the benefit of @entity1289 inhibition and direct vasodilation on the prognosis of advanced @entity712 , 117 @entity1 evaluated for cardiac transplantation who had severe symptoms and abnormal hemodynamic status at rest were randomized to treatment with either @entity3371 or @entity2514 plus @entity3763 (Hy-C Trial). Comparable hemodynamic effects of the two regimens were sought by titrating vasodilator doses to match the hemodynamic status achieved with @entity1854 and diuretic agents, attempting to achieve a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15 mm Hg and a systemic vascular resistance of 1,200 dynes.s.cm-5. Treatment with the alternate vasodilator was started because of poor hemodynamic response or side effects (40% of @entity1 in the @entity3371 group and 22% in the @entity2514 group). Adequate hemodynamic response in @entity1 with a serum @entity1372 level less than 135 mg/dl was more likely with @entity2514 than with @entity3371 (71% vs. 33%, p = 0.04). @entity3763 was prescribed in 88% of the @entity2514 -treated @entity1 and 84% of the @entity3371 -treated @entity1 . The hemodynamic improvements from each regimen were equivalent. After 8 +/- 7 months of follow-up, the actuarial 1-year survival rate was 81% in the @entity3371 -treated @entity1 and 51% in the @entity2514 -treated @entity1 (p = 0.05). The improved survival with @entity3371 resulted from a lower rate of @entity944 , which occurred in only 3 of 44 @entity3371 -treated @entity1 compared with 17 of 60 @entity2514 -treated @entity1 (p = 0.01). In the subset of @entity1 who continued treatment with the initial vasodilator, results were similar to those for the entire treatment group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of direct vasodilation with @entity2514 versus @entity1289 inhibition with XXXX on mortality in advanced @entity712 : the Hy-C trial.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['Isosorbide dinitrate', 'isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: Sustained delivery of proteins from polymer-based thermosensitive gel has achieved considerable attention since last decade. In our previous work, we developed a formulation for sustained delivery of @entity1193 -loaded @entity12185 formulation and investigated its in vitro and in vivo characteristics. In the present work, we extended this approach to investigate stability of @entity1193 from @entity12185 formulation stored at 4     C, 25     C and 40     C for 3 months. Samples were taken and in vitro drug release kinetics was studied. Percent of drug content was measured using the BCA method. DSC and @entity214 -PAGE were used to assess the conformational stability of @entity1193 . FTIR spectroscopy was performed to investigate the drug-polymer interaction. From the results, it was found that gelation temperature, viscosity and in vitro release pattern of @entity1193 from @entity12185 formulation at 4     C were almost same throughout the stability study period. DSC profiles of @entity1193 loaded in @entity12185 formulation increased the thermostability of @entity1193 significantly in @entity12185 formulation. There were no apparent changes in the entire FTIR spectrum of the @entity1193 that would suggest that there was no effect of the polymer on the structure of @entity1193 . Moreover, results of @entity214 -PAGE confirmed the stability of @entity1193 in @entity12185 formulation. These results provided evidence that @entity12185 is a promising polymer not only for sustained delivery of @entity1193 but also provides conformational stability for extended time.

title: Assessment of release kinetics, stability and polymer interaction of XXXX -based thermosensitive gel of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.

answer: @entity12185 :: (MESH:D020442,Chemical) :: ['poloxamer 407']


abstract: Pathogens of the @entity54 species are frequently seen in deep-seated @entity364 . We previously demonstrated that the culture filtrate of @entity54 ( @entity1577 ) has immunosuppressive effects on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), which act as the main phagocytes to hyphae of @entity54 (A. fumigatus). But little is known about the gene expression profiles involved in it. Therefore we investigated the changes in gene expression in @entity1 PMNs treated with @entity1577 or @entity20403 at two time points, using microarray analysis. @entity1577 and @entity20403 changed the expression of 548 and 381 genes, respectively. Only 51 genes showed the same expression patterns with the two stimulants, and @entity1577 -induced changes in gene expression occurred comparatively earlier than those induced by @entity20403 . Among 31 genes encoding apoptosis, which were up- or down-regulated in this assay, only 3 genes were similarly changed by both kinds of stimulation. Apoptosis was detected and quantified using two apoptosis assays. @entity1577 and @entity20403 changed the expessions of only 3 out of 19 regulated genes related to inflammatory mediators and receptors similarly. The up-regulation of the gene encoding annexin 1 (ANXA1), which is known to be involved in extravasation and apoptosis of neutrophils, may play a role in the immunosuppressive effect of A. fumigatus. The difference in expression changes between @entity1577 and @entity20403 is presumed to be caused by the interaction among the components of @entity1577 and therefore the interaction is an area of interest for further investigation.

title: Gene expression profiling of polymorphonuclear leukocytes treated with the culture filtrate of XXXX and @entity20403 .

entities_list: @entity20403 :: ('MESH:D005912', 'Chemical') :: ['gliotoxin']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: The transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from G2 phase into the M (mitosis) phase of the cell cycle is a tightly controlled process. As an arterial SMC prepares for a G2/M transition, the cell has primed the @entity10610 / @entity8189 complex for activation by the phosphorylation of @entity1889 -161 residue on @entity10610 . This phosphorylation is necessary but not sufficient for the VSMC to enter into the M phase. In order to enter into mitosis, a phosphatase, @entity10609 , must first dephosphorylate two other critical residues: @entity669 -15 and @entity1889 -14. If @entity10609 phosphatase activity is blocked, VSMC entry into mitosis is delayed. However, how the activity of @entity10609 is regulated has not been fully illustrated. In an earlier published study we have demonstrated that exposure of the VSMC line, @entity23022 , to @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), activated @entity38023 (a RhoA-dependent kinase). Here we show that exposure to @entity2533 delays the G2/M transition by 2 hrs in G1/S synchronized and released @entity23022 culture. This delay is abolished by the RhoA kinase inhibitors, @entity8232 or @entity12223 . More importantly, RNAi knockdown of @entity38023 expression prevents the G2/M transition delay induced by @entity2533 . Changes in @entity38023 activity temporally correlates to the G2/M transition timing. Moreover, @entity10609 is phosphorylated by the @entity2533 -activated @entity38023 . @entity38023 and @entity10609 coimmunoprecipitate with each other. Finally, @entity38023 and @entity10609 colocalize to the nuclear region only during the critical period of time prior to entry into the M phase. Our data demonstrate that @entity10609 activity is negatively regulated by @entity2533 -stimulated @entity38023 . Once activated through @entity2533 signaling, @entity38023 binds to and phosphorylates @entity10609 . The physical interaction and phosphorylation result in an inactivation of @entity10609 and delay the VSMC entry into the M stage of the cell cycle.

title: XXXX activation via transforming growth factor-beta 1 ( @entity2533 ) receptor signaling delays G2/M phase transition in vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'Transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity38023 :: (5585,Gene) :: ['PKN']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors describe the clinical feature of ten @entity1 with a new syndrome characterized by the presence of @entity4816 , @entity156 , @entity989 , and peripheral capillary nonperfusion. METHODS: The authors evaluated ten @entity1 identified to have clinical features compatible with the syndrome of @entity4816 , @entity439 (IRVAN). Clinical examination findings, sequential funds photographs (when available), @entity941 angiograms, systemic investigations, response to therapy, and visual outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS: Seven eyes of four @entity1 sustained a marked decrease in visual acuity of 20/200 or worse. @entity227 was due to a combination of an exudative @entity1020 and sequelae of @entity2479 . Capillary nonperfusion was seen in all ten @entity1 and was severe enough to warrant panretinal laser photocoagulation in six @entity1 . Systemic investigations were uniformly noncontributory. Oral @entity229 appears to have little beneficial effects on @entity1 with this disorder. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with IRVAN have characteristic retinal features that readily identify this syndrome. An increased awareness of this rare syndrome may help to identify sight-threatening complications at an earlier stage. The authors caution against extensive medical investigations.

title: Idiopathic @entity4816 , XXXX , and @entity989 . @entity4816 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual loss']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple macroaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms and neuroretinits']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-retinitis']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis', 'idiopathic retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The mission of the combat support hospital (CSH) is to evaluate and treat combatants injured during war operations. The 31st CSH in Balad and Baghdad, Iraq, during Operation Iraqi Freedom 2 also treated many injured civilians, including @entity1 . The purpose of this article is to report the experience of the 31st CSH treating pediatric @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective review of a comprehensive @entity1 database collected in theater was conducted. RESULTS: From January 1 to December 31, 2004, we treated 99 @entity1 17 years and younger. The average age of these @entity1 was 10.6 years. Nine died of their wounds. The mean injury severity score was 11.6. Forty-one sustained gunshot wounds, 13 acquired fragment wounds (55% penetrating), and 22 were injured by improvised explosive devices (22%). Seventy-three @entity1 required a total of 191 operations: 18 celiotomies, 8 craniotomies, 23 skeletal fixations, and 75 wound washout/debridements, among others. Predictors of mortality included admission Glasgow @entity772 Score less than 4 and admission pH less than 7.1. CONCLUSIONS: The primary mission of the CSH in theater remains unchanged, but its role is evolving. With this study, we can begin to understand the needs of wounded @entity1 in urban conflict and help guide training and resource allocation in the future.

title: Pediatric XXXX : experience of a combat support hospital in Iraq.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Selective and timely induction of apoptosis is an effective means of resolving @entity32 . The effects and putative mechanisms by which @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) modulates leukocyte apoptosis in vivo are still unclear. The present study aims at identifying intracellular pathways underlying the ability of @entity268 elevating agents to resolve @entity32 in a model of @entity56 in @entity19 . @entity10328 (OVA) challenge of immunized @entity19 induced eosinophil recruitment that peaked at 24h and persisted till 48h. Treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor @entity7428 , @entity268 mimetic db- @entity268 or @entity1920 cyclase activator @entity1928 , at 24h after antigen-challenge resulted in profound resolution of @entity32 , without a decrease of mononuclear cell numbers. There was a concomitant increase in number of apoptotic cells in the @entity1143 . The effects of @entity7428 and db- @entity268 were inhibited by the PKA inhibitor H89. Inhibition of PI3K/ @entity1994 or @entity1991 induced @entity32 that was associated with increased apoptosis. OVA-challenge resulted in a time-dependent activation of @entity1994 and @entity1991 , which was blocked by treatment with @entity7428 or PI3K/ @entity1994 pathway inhibitors. Thus, @entity268 elevating agents resolve established @entity32 by inducing leukocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, the actions of @entity268 are dependent on PKA and target a PI3K/ @entity1994 -dependent @entity1991 survival pathway.

title: @entity1919 enhances resolution of XXXX by promoting inflammatory cell apoptosis via inhibition of PI3K/ @entity1994 and @entity1991 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'resolution of inflammation', 'eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['rolipram']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic pleurisy']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic pleurisy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity146 , including @entity10420 ( @entity10420 ), syndromal adult antisocial behavior (AABS) without @entity9054 ( @entity9054 ) before age 15, and @entity9054 without progression to @entity10420 (" @entity9054 only") are highly comorbid with @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Among @entity1 in DUD treatment, @entity10420 are associated with greater severity and poorer outcomes. Comparative data concerning associations of @entity10420 with clinical characteristics of @entity734 among general population adults have not previously been available. This study describes associations of @entity10420 with clinical characteristics of lifetime Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-Version IV @entity734 in the general U.S. adult population. METHODS: This report is based on the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity167 and Related Conditions (n=43,093, response rate=81%). Respondents (n=4068) with lifetime @entity734 were classified according to whether they met criteria for @entity10420 , AABS, " @entity9054 only," or no antisocial syndrome. Associations of @entity10420 with clinical characteristics of @entity734 were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity10420 were significantly associated with the phenomenology of @entity734 , particularly @entity10420 with the most severe clinical presentations. Associations with AABS were similar to those with @entity10420 ; those with " @entity9054 only" were weak, inconsistent, and not statistically significant. Patterns of associations differed little between @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity10420 and AABS, but not " @entity9054 only," appear to identify greater clinical severity of @entity734 among adults in the general U.S. population.

title: XXXX and DSM-IV @entity734 in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity167 and Related Conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality disorder', 'Antisocial syndromes', 'ASPD', 'antisocial syndromes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Antisocial behavioral syndromes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug use disorders', 'DUDs']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Antisocial behavioral syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of a recently introduced ultrasonic scanning plane (three vessel and @entity825 view -3VTV- plus color flow mapping -3VTVC) on a low-risk population for detection of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). @entity1 AND SETTING: Antenatal clinic dealing with local low-risk population. All antenatal @entity1 having a second trimester scan in a 1 year period. All @entity1 had a 3VT plus 3VTC views added to routine four chamber view. Postnatal examinations were performed according to standard hospital protocol. RESULTS: 2847 @entity1 were examined. The plane was achievable in all 23 fetuses with @entity299 detected, three false negative ( @entity1498 ) and two false positive. Sensitivity of the examination was 88.5%, as high as more sophisticated and difficult targeted cardiac scanning. The extra time necessary to perform the test was minimal. CONCLUSION: 3VTV and 3VTCV were satisfactory used as imaging planes in a busy antenatal clinic in a low-risk population. They could be easily added to the four chamber view as routine screening for @entity299 and increase the detection rate to 90%.

title: Four chamber view plus three-vessel and XXXX view for a complete evaluation of the fetal heart during the second trimester.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines recommend phasing-out @entity14027 because of its risk of long-term @entity137 . There are two mutational pathways of @entity14027 resistance with different implications for @entity9611 and @entity15833 cross-resistance, the primary candidates for replacing @entity14027 . However, because resistance testing is rarely available in resource-limited settings, it is critical to identify the cross-resistance patterns associated with first-line @entity14027 failure. METHODS: We analyzed @entity2858 resistance mutations following first-line @entity14027 failure from 35 publications comprising 1,825 individuals. We also assessed the influence of concomitant @entity5198 vs. efavirenz, therapy duration, and @entity2858 subtype on the proportions of mutations associated with @entity9611 vs. @entity15833 cross-resistance. RESULTS: Mutations with preferential @entity9611 activity, @entity22207 or @entity41120 , occurred in 5.3% of individuals. Mutations with preferential @entity15833 activity, >=  two @entity1014 analog mutations (TAMs) or @entity19897 , occurred in 22% of individuals. @entity5198 increased the risk of TAMs, @entity22207 , and @entity19897 . Longer therapy increased the risk of TAMs and @entity19897 but not @entity22207 . Subtype C and CRF01_AE increased the risk of @entity22207 , but only CRF01_AE increased the risk of @entity22207 without @entity19897 . CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of concomitant @entity5198 vs. efavirenz, therapy duration, or subtype, @entity15833 was more likely than @entity9611 to retain antiviral activity following first-line d4T therapy.

title: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations associated with first-line @entity14027 -containing antiretroviral therapy: programmatic implications for countries phasing out XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

entities_list: @entity41120 :: ('p|SUB|K|70|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K70E']

entities_list: @entity22207 :: ('p|SUB|K|65|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K65R']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine', 'Nevirapine']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

answer: @entity14027 :: (MESH:D018119,Chemical) :: ['stavudine']


abstract: To study the regulation of the @entity1 cellular immune response to HBsAg we produced a series of HBsAg-specific T cell lines from good and poor responders to the @entity1956 vaccine. All T cell lines expressed @entity404 on their membrane and could therefore be considered of the helper/inducer phenotype. The different HBsAg-specific T cell lines were restricted by @entity21661 *0101, @entity1533 *1201, - @entity1533 *0701, - @entity1533 *0301, -DPB1*0201, -DPB1*0402, and -DPB1*0901. In good responders to the @entity1956 vaccine different HLA molecules could act as restricting element. In poor responders the diversity of HLA class II restriction determinants was more limited. This leads us to conclude that the immune response to HBsAg is multispecific and polyclonal in good responders and paucispecific and oligoclonal in poor responders to the @entity1956 vaccine. By using a panel of synthetic peptides representing selected sequences of the HBsAg, the fine specificities of each of these T cell lines could be determined. Strikingly, the majority of the identified T cell epitopes was located in and around the first hydrophobic transmembranous region of the HBsAg. This was observed in T cell lines from good and poor vaccine responders, without distinction. The remarkable T cell immunogenicity of this region may reside in its richness in binding motifs for a variety of HLA class II determinants.

title: Characterization of the T cell recognition of XXXX surface antigen (HBsAg) by good and poor responders to @entity1956 vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: AIM: To assess the computed tomography (CT) findings of solitary cavitary lesions which could potentially aid in differentiating malignant from non-malignant @entity358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of @entity1 diagnosed with a solitary lung cavity at two university hospitals, who underwent multidetector CT examinations of the chest between 2012 and 2014, was performed. Lesions were evaluated for maximum diameter, maximum wall thickness, and associated findings. Statistical analyses were then conducted and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to select the most accurate cut-off value for malignant and non-malignant lesions. RESULTS: CT and clinical records from 96 @entity1 were reviewed. The most frequent aetiologies of non-malignant and malignant lung cavities were @entity281 sequelae (50%, 33/66) and primary @entity2 (94%, 28/30), respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between malignant and non-malignant cases when comparing the averages of maximum wall thickness (15.2 and 7.8  mm, respectively) and maximum diameter of lesions (51 and 35  mm, respectively). The presence of either perilesional consolidation or centrilobular nodules favoured the diagnosis of non-malignant conditions (p<0.05). Maximum wall thicknesses thresholds of  <=7 or >= 24  mm were the most accurate in suggesting non-malignant and malignant aetiologies, respectively. CONCLUSION: Malignant and non-malignant solitary lung cavities differ significantly at CT. Non-malignant lesions tend to exhibit thinner walls, but more perilesional consolidation and centrilobular nodules than malignant lesions. The results reveal that maximum wall thicknesses of  <=7 and  >= 24  mm are indicative of non-malignant and @entity5 , respectively.

title: Solitary lung cavities: CT findings in malignant and non- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: The solubility of @entity918 and @entity10010 in milk has been studied. Experiments were carried out at 5, 15, 25, and 37 degrees C on a buffer solution of pH 6.5, a 2.6% solution of casein, @entity291 skim milk samples, and @entity291 milk samples with fat contents of 0.75, 1.70, and 3.50%. The "total" solubility of both drugs in the media studied was higher than the buffer solubility. The highest "total" solubility for both drugs was observed in skim milk. Based on binding data of @entity7206 to milk, the "total" solubility was split into "free" and "bound" solubility. The increases of solubility noted cannot be explained on the basis of drug-milk binding data. The enhancement of solubility was attributed to the increase of intrinsic solubility of drugs in milk. Results of the thermodynamic analysis of solubility data showed that a different solubilization process of @entity918 may be responsible for the high solubility values found in skim milk for this drug. In contrast, the thermodynamic parameters of @entity10010 in all types of milk are similar, indicating a common solubilization mechanism. The biopharmaceutical significance of the findings is discussed in light of the freeze-dried drug-milk formulations and coadministration of drugs with milk in general.

title: Effect of temperature and fat content on the solubility of @entity918 and XXXX in milk.

entities_list: @entity10010 :: ('MESH:D002740', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

answer: @entity10010 :: (MESH:D002740,Chemical) :: ['chlorothiazide']


abstract: It has been unclear whether M.T.M. is acceptable for @entity1 treated with bone grafts using @entity692 (HAP), which is not biodegradable. Therefore we studied histological changes in bone among HAP during orthodontic tooth movement. HAP was implanted into artificial bone defects adjacent to second premolars in @entity235 , and as a control no material was implanted Three months after implantation, the second premolars were moved with orthodontic force. Then they were observed histopathologically. The results obtained were as follows. The amount of movement of the teeth in implanted sites was less than in the controls. In the pressure zone, resorption of bone by osteoclasts was observed in both the implanted and the control sites, in addition, root resorption occurred adjacent to HAP. Furthermore multinucleated giant cells were closely attached to HAP and were surrounded by bone and connective tissue. In retention period there was @entity3947 between the roots and bone around HAP. In the tension zone, additional bone from HAP was observed. Bone defects were filled with bone in the implanted sites, but with connective tissue in the controls. These results suggest that bone among HAP was resolved by osteoclasts. Clinically, HAP implantation for the pressure zone should be avoided because of the occurrence of root resorption and @entity3947 . But for the tension zone it seems to be effective because HAP implantation produces more repaired bone.

title: [Application of calcium phosphate ceramics to periodontal therapy. 8. Effects of orthodontic force on repaired bone with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Currently, there are three prognostic indicators of ventricular electrical instability: long-term ambulatory ECG recording, programmed electrical stimulation and the signal-averaged electrocardiogram. Several clinical studies have suggested that frequent and complex ventricular premature contractions in @entity1 with @entity299 may identify future @entity299 , including @entity1164 although, with respect to prognosis, it is not likely that any grading system based on the ambulatory ECG will be without meaningful limitations. No study has adequately tested the hypothesis that decreasing @entity943 after @entity583 reduces mortality. The inducibility of @entity1165 during programmed electrical stimulation is regarded as an independent risk factor for @entity944 . Predominantly due to the lack of standardized protocol and definitions, the actual relevance of current literature remains somewhat compromised. The indication for antiarrhythmic treatment in those @entity1 in whom @entity1165 can be induced has not been established with certainty since the effects of therapy on the prognosis are unknown. For @entity1 with complex @entity943 in whom sustained @entity1165 cannot be induced, antiarrhythmic drug treatment does not appear indicated. Based on a number of studies, the presence of late potentials in the signal-averaged ECG has also been shown to be a meaningful prognostic indicator. The signal-averaged ECG, however, is not only subject to various technical problems but is also encumbered by limitations arising from electrophysiologic considerations. While no relationship could be established between late potentials and complex @entity943 in the ambulatory ECG within the first two months after @entity583 , there was, however, a correlation between late potentials and the inducibility of @entity1165 during programmed electrical stimulation. Consequently, the signal-averaged ECG may serve as a screening test to identify @entity1 who should subsequently undergo programmed electrical stimulation for @entity943 assessment or guided institution of treatment provided this proves to be effective in reducing the risk of future major arrhythmic events.

title: Risk stratification of @entity1 with complex XXXX . Value of ambulatory electrocardiographic recording, programmed electrical stimulation and the signal-averaged electrocardiogram.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease', 'cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: The supply, consumption, and tissue tension of @entity26 were studied in experimental bilateral myocutaneous island flaps in five control @entity1707 and in eight @entity1707 during progressive 1-hour intervals of @entity63 . Progressive @entity63 was obtained by partial to complete clamping of the artery in one flap, producing @entity9085 , and simultaneous clamping of the vein in the other flap, producing @entity2979 . Blood flow was reduced to 50, 25, and 0 percent of baseline. In the @entity9085 flaps, the @entity26 tension in subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and venous outflow was significantly reduced once blood flow was reduced to 50 percent of baseline. @entity26 consumption during partial vessel occlusion was lower in the @entity2979 flaps than in the @entity9085 flaps when blood flow was reduced to 25 percent of baseline, suggesting either that cellular metabolism is reduced in the @entity2979 flaps or that the @entity26 which is delivered is unavailable for the cells. Increased presence of tissue fluid in the @entity2979 flap inhibits the diffusion of @entity26 through the interstitial tissue, and this may explain the lower @entity26 consumption. During 3 hours of reperfusion, increased blood flow was observed in the @entity9085 flaps, whereas blood flow in the @entity2979 flaps was sluggish. The @entity9085 flaps recovered more rapidly than the @entity2979 flaps during the first hour of reperfusion, judged by the rate of increase in @entity26 tension and the higher venous @entity26 tension. @entity26 tension increased more rapidly in muscle than in subcutaneous tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential effects of @entity2979 and @entity9085 on tissue oxygenation in myocutaneous island flaps: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['flap ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Understanding the role of autophagy in @entity5 has been limited by the inability to measure this dynamic process in @entity406 -fixed tissue. We considered that 3-dimensional models including ex vivo @entity5 , such as we have developed for studying @entity2615 , would provide valuable insights. Using these models, in which we could use lysosomal inhibitors to measure the autophagic flux, we sought a marker of autophagy that would be valid in @entity406 -fixed @entity5 and be used to assess the role of autophagy in @entity1 outcome. Autophagy was studied in @entity2615 cell lines, as 2-dimensional (2D) monolayers and 3-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids (MCS), and in @entity5 from 25 chemonaive @entity1 , both as ex vivo 3D @entity5 fragment spheroids (TFS) and as @entity406 -fixed tissue. Autophagy was evaluated as autophagic flux by detection of the accumulation of @entity21684 after lysosomal inhibition and as autophagy initiation by detection of @entity16863 puncta. We found that autophagic flux in 3D, but not in 2D, correlated with @entity16863 positivity. In each TFS, @entity16863 positivity was similar to that of the original @entity5 . When tested in tissue microarrays of 109 chemonaive @entity1 , higher @entity16863 positivity correlated with better prognosis and provided information independent of known prognostic factors. Our results show that @entity16863 is a static marker of the autophagic flux in 3D models of @entity2615 and may also reflect autophagy levels in @entity406 -fixed @entity5 . If confirmed, this marker would represent a novel prognostic factor for @entity2615 , supporting the notion that autophagy plays an important role in this @entity5 .

title: Autophagy initiation correlates with the autophagic flux in 3D models of XXXX and with @entity1 outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The popularity and usage of social media networks or SNS (social networking sites) among American Internet users age 50 and over doubled between 2009 and 2010 and has steadily climbed. Part of this increased access may be the result of older adults who are living with a @entity102 and are reaching out for online support. @entity14 ( @entity14 ) risk is among those concerns, particularly among middle-age and older minority populations where disparities exist. This exploratory study investigates information seeking behavior related to @entity5 factors (e.g. testing for @entity694 , @entity5 ) and current social media usage among racial and ethnic minority groups (African American and Latinos) and Whites age 50 and older. The secondary data from the 2012 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) was analyzed to compare these populations. Results show that African Americans and Latinos were only slightly more likely to use social network sites to seek out @entity5 information compared to Whites. However, Whites were more likely to use the Internet to seek health information compared to African Americans and Latinos. In this sample, Whites were also more likely to be informed by a physician about @entity14 testing (p <.01). Whites were also more fatalistic about @entity14 (p<.001) and more likely to have self-reported receiving a positive diagnosis (p <.001). Implications of this study suggest that use of both traditional health information sources (physician) and the Internet (social media networks, Internet sites) have increased among older Americans and can serve as critical channels for @entity5 information and education.

title: A Prescription for Internet Access: Appealing to Middle-Aged and Older Racial and Ethnic Minorities Through Social Network Sites to Combat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer fatalism', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Through the story of two families presenting @entity5657 , we report the support and social integration difficulties inherent in these @entity74 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Family No.  1: a 38-year-old shepherd and his wife of 25 years both had @entity17433 that had been present continually since childhood. They had had 2 stillborn @entity1 as well as a live newborn that were all presenting @entity17433 . Family No.  2: a 45-year-old housewife was seen at our consultation with her 3 youngest @entity1 aged 8 years, 6 years and 18 months. According to the mother, at birth, all 3 @entity1 were covered with a membrane resembling plastic that crackled during movement, and they had red eyes. Examination of the 3 @entity1 revealed a clinical picture of @entity17433 with @entity4549 , @entity2169 and @entity14883 . Although they presented @entity851 and weight development, psychomotor development was normal. There was no consanguinity between the parents. DISCUSSION: In both families, the visible nature of the @entity272 resulted in discrimination and ostracism. The precarious living conditions of the parents and the high cost of treatment in an African setting resulted in degradation of quality of life with exacerbation of the difficulties of social integration, resulting in a lack of schooling and a @entity22485 future for these @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX and social stigma in Burkina Faso].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['delayed growth']

entities_list: @entity17433 :: ('MESH:D017490', 'Disease') :: ['lamellar ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity4549 :: ('MESH:D004483', 'Disease') :: ['ectropion']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['malformed ears']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity14883 :: ('MESH:D059327', 'Disease') :: ['brachydactyly']

answer: @entity5657 :: (MESH:D007057,Disease) :: ['Ichthyosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In order to prepare bio-nanocomposites with no- @entity137 , the rosin-based @entity990 resin (MPAER) and castor oil-based @entity2636 (COPU) were synthesized and @entity505 nanotubes (CNTs) was used to enhance the properties of curing MPAER/COPU materials. The curing reaction, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of this system were characterized by FTIR, NMR, @entity3496 , TG et al. The @entity137 of materials is evaluated for HeLa cells using a @entity98 cell-viability assay. The results showed that COPU can cure MPAER and CNTs can increase effectively the properties of MPAER/COPU nanocomposites. The Tg of MPAER/COPU/CNTs has the highest value when CNTs content is 0.4  wt%, which is 52.4    C higher than the pure MPAER/COPU. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites is enhanced by the addition of CNTs, the initial decomposition temperature Td5 of the sample No. 0.4 has increased from 284.5 to 305.2    C, which is 20.7    C higher than No. 0. The impact strength of the No. 0.4 film is 15  kg  cm higher than the pure resin system. The survival rate of HeLa cells to the products is greater than 90% within 48 and 72  h, which demonstrate that this material has excellent biocompatibility and no obvious @entity137 for HeLa cells, which may be used in the medical treatment.

title: Cytoxicity, dynamic and thermal properties of bio-based rosin- XXXX resin/ castor oil @entity2636 / @entity505 nanotubes bio-nanocomposites.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity990 :: (CHEBI:30721,Chemical) :: ['epoxy']


abstract: 1. Current concepts in the regulation of atrial contractility by non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) sensory nerves are reviewed. 2. There is now evidence that in addition to sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation @entity2951 -sensitive sensory nerves contribute to the local control of atrial contractility by releasing NANC transmitters, such as @entity10132 ( @entity10132 ). 3. Certain chemical and physical stimuli affect atrial contractility by inducing the release of @entity10132 from sensory nerves. In addition, as widely recognized for the sympathetic and vagal atrial innervation, NANC neurotransmission is under the inhibitory control of several endogenous modulators. 4. Cardioexcitatory actions of NANC neurotransmission on the @entity955 are considered. 5. Pharmacological modulation of NANC neurotransmission and functional evidence for cross-talk between NANC and sympathetic neurones are also discussed.

title: Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neural control of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10132 :: ('796', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myocardium']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial myocardium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether muscular asymmetries were present in the lower legs of recreationally active middle-aged @entity1 grouped by leg dominance. METHODS: Twelve healthy middle-aged subjects were analyzed bilaterally. The clinical variables included leg dominance, sports level, range of motion, lower leg alignment, @entity291 circumference, and AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) ankle score. The biomechanical variables included maximal voluntary isometric ankle joint torque and surface electromyography (EMG) with determination of mean EMG frequency and intensity of four lower leg muscles: @entity4762 ( @entity4762 ), @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ), soleus (SO), and peroneus longus (PL). RESULTS: The mean EMG frequency was significantly lower in the dominant leg for the @entity4762 (dominant, 148.6 Hz; nondominant, 157.8 Hz) and @entity10036 muscles (dominant, 183.9 Hz; nondominant, 196.8 Hz). A significantly higher plantarflexion torque was found in the dominant leg (27.1 Nm) compared to the nondominant leg (22.9 Nm). Higher (not significant) dorsiflexion torque was found in the dominant leg (dominant, 27.3 Nm; nondominant, 24.8 Nm). The @entity291 circumference was marginally significantly higher (p =0.039) in the dominant leg (34.2 cm; nondominant leg, 33.8 cm). The dominant leg had a higher but not significantly different mean EMG intensity for all four muscles. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Differences in muscle EMG and torque were found between the dominant and nondominant lower leg. These results might be applicable to treatment, rehabilitation, and future research of lower leg and foot and @entity3681 .

title: Muscular lower leg asymmetry in middle-aged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle disorders']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'medial gastrocnemius']

entities_list: @entity4762 :: ('MESH:D000868', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'anterior tibial']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of a @entity867 is a real challenge since the clinical and radiological findings are often non-specific and undistinguishable from those seen with @entity5 . Recently it has been suggested that diffusion sequences may be useful in the differential diagnosis of a @entity39 or cystic mass. @entity1 AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 with cystic or @entity39 intracranial masses were studied. The diagnoses were: three pyogenic abscesses, three @entity3 and three high grade @entity11 . The diffusion images were evaluated visually and by means of maps based on the apparent diffusion coefficient ( @entity4737 ). RESULTS: All lesions showed fine iso-intense or slightly hyperintense walls in T1 potentiated sequences, and isointense or slightly hypointense walls in T2 potentiated sequences. In all cases the wall took up @entity2287 intensity, with a well-defined smooth edge (ring uptake). In the diffusion sequences the abscesses showed a very strong central signal, as compared with the low signal of other lesions. The @entity4737 were significantly lower in the abscesses than in the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Since cerebral abscesses are potentially curable, early diagnosis should be made. A @entity867 should be suspected in all cases of cystic or @entity39 masses with hypersignals in diffusion sequences and low @entity4737 .

title: [Differentiation between cerebral abscesses and @entity39 or XXXX by means of diffusion sequences].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic or necrotic tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral abscess']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cystic tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity6826 ( @entity6826 ), and its receptor ( @entity2467 ) play key roles in the expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, in melanoblasts and primordial germ cells, making it possible that @entity6826 and @entity2467 are involved in neoplastic processes deriving from these cells. @entity2467 has been described to be expressed at different levels in @entity521 and in soft tissue @entity242 of neuroectodermal origin, and seems to be required for survival processes. In this study we investigate how @entity2467 expression is regulated and whether a @entity6826 autocrine loop is essential for survival of @entity242 cell lines. DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity2467 modulation and internalization was evaluated incubating cells with rhSCF. Cell differentiation and proliferation experiments were performed to test whether @entity2467 expression is related to cell cycle progression or to differentiation processes. Cell cultures were treated with neutralizing antibody and antisense oligonucleotides in order to assess the possible significance of the @entity6826 autocrine loop. RESULTS: In vitro @entity6826 stimulation induces @entity2467 down-regulation; this phenomenon could be connected with receptor internalization, and new protein synthesis is necessary for its re-expression. The cell proliferation arrest in G0/G1 does not modify @entity2467 expression while down-regulation of @entity2467 was demonstrated after cells had been treated with differentiating agents. @entity6826 neutralization does not influence either the S phase or apoptosis in @entity242 cell lines. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: In @entity242 cell lines, @entity2467 is regulated by differentiation processes; moreover our results suggest that @entity2467 activity, but probably not the @entity6826 autocrine loop, is essential for survival of these cell lines.

title: XXXX is not essential for cell survival and proliferation of soft tissue @entity242 of neuroectodermal origin.

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['SCF', 'Stem cell factor']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity6826 :: (4254,Gene) :: ['Stem cell factor']


abstract: @entity65 is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preventive treatment of high-risk asymptomatic individuals depends on accurate prediction of a @entity1 's risk to develop a cardiovascular event. Currently, cardiovascular risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals is based on the level of cardiovascular risk factors incorporated in scoring equations.  Improvement in cardiovascular risk prediction is needed because @entity731 underlies the occurrence of @entity65 , develops over decades, and has a prolonged asymptomatic phase during which it is possible to modify the course of the disease. The carotid intima media thickness test ( @entity6481 ) is a measure used to diagnose the extent of carotid @entity731 . The test measures the thickness of the inner 2 layers of the carotid artery-the intima and media-and alerts physicians to any thickening when @entity1 are still asymptomatic. Early detection may indicate the need for a more aggressive approach to managing the risk factors associated with @entity299 and @entity64 . The role of @entity842 (NO) in maintaining the integrity of the cardiovascular system is well established. Utilizing a dietary supplement that restores NO production, the author conducted a pilot study involving 10 @entity1 with stable plague. Six months of treatment with the NO lozenge resulted in a statistically significant 10.9% reduction in @entity6481 . This pilot study suggests this approach may be a safe and effective strategy for @entity1 with early stages of @entity731 .

title: Effects of XXXX on Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric Oxide']


abstract: A progressive accumulation of genetic alterations underlies the @entity2513 sequence of @entity14 . This accumulation of mutations is driven by genetic instability, of which there are different types. @entity124 ( @entity124 ) is the predominant type present in the @entity5 of @entity4309 @entity1 and in a subset of @entity5 . It is generally accepted that @entity124 can be found in the early stages of @entity5 progression, such as @entity652 ; however, the frequencies reported vary widely among studies. Moreover, data on the qualitative differences between @entity652 and @entity189 , or between @entity5 of hereditary and sporadic origin, are scarce. We compared @entity124 in samples of @entity2513 and @entity14 in order to identify possible differences along the @entity2513 sequence. We compared germline mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation carriers and non-carriers, to address possible differences of instability patterns between @entity4309 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity5 . We found a comparable relative frequency of mono- and dinucleotide instability in sporadic @entity2513 and @entity189 , dinucleotide instability being observed most frequently in these @entity5 . In MMR gene truncating mutation carriers, the profile was different: @entity2513 showed predominantly @entity20133 instability and in @entity14 , also more @entity20133 than @entity2354 instability was detected. We conclude that @entity124 profiles differ between sporadic and @entity5 , and that @entity20133 marker instability precedes dinucleotide marker instability during @entity14 development in @entity4309 @entity1 . As @entity20133 @entity124 proves to be highly sensitive for detecting mutation carriers, we propose the use of @entity20133 markers for the identification of possible @entity4309 @entity1 .

title: @entity20133 precedes dinucleotide repeat instability during @entity14 development in @entity4309 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome tumours', 'sporadic tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity20133 :: ('CHEBI:29075', 'Chemical') :: ['mononucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2354 :: ('CHEBI:47885', 'Chemical') :: ['dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumour', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas', 'adenoma-carcinoma', 'colorectal adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mean annual ambient temperature is a replicated environmental modifier of @entity9129 with warmer temperatures being associated with lower lung function. The mechanism of this relationship is not completely understood. However, @entity796 , a pathogen that infects the lungs of @entity1577 individuals and @entity6314 , also has a higher prevalence in individuals living in warmer climates. We therefore investigated the extent to which respiratory pathogens mediated the association between temperature and lung function. METHODS: Thirteen respiratory pathogens observed on @entity1577 respiratory cultures were assessed in multistep fashion using clustered linear and logistic regression to determine if any mediated the association between temperature and lung function. Analysis was performed in the @entity1577 Twin-Sibling Study (n=1730; primary population); key findings were then evaluated in the U.S. @entity1577 Foundation Data Registry (n=15,174; replication population). RESULTS: In the primary population, three respiratory pathogens ( @entity796 , mucoid @entity796 , and @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 ) mediated the association between temperature and lung function. @entity796 accounted for 19% of the association (p=0.003), mucoid @entity796 for 31% (p=0.001), and @entity794 for 13% (p=0.023). The same three pathogens mediated association in the replication population (7%, p<0.001; 7%, p=0.002; and 4%, (p=0.002), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Three important respiratory pathogens in @entity1577 mediate the association between lower lung function and warmer temperatures. These findings have implications for understanding regional variations in clinical outcomes, and interpreting results of epidemiologic studies and clinical trials that encompass regions with different ambient temperatures.

title: Respiratory pathogens mediate the association between lung function and temperature in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9129 :: ('MESH:C563237', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['decreases lung function']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: The changes of the @entity1 @entity5 microcirculation after blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening was studied. BBB opening was performed by retrograde injection of hyperosmotic solution, such as @entity2656 or @entity653 , from superficial temporal artery in the operation procedure. Serial fluorescein micro angiography of @entity1 @entity5 surface was taken by motor-driven camera equipped to surgical microscope. Two @entity463 , two @entity816 and one @entity3 were studied. In @entity463 multiforme, after BBB opening, @entity941 perfusion was increased with the enlargement of the venules and extravasation of @entity941 was also observed from venules by the late venous phase of @entity941 microangiography. In low grade @entity816 , after BBB opening, @entity941 perfusion was relatively decreased in the vasculature which diameter was from 5 micron to 10 micron and no extravasation of @entity941 was observed from the venules. In metastatic @entity1313 , extravasation of @entity941 was observed, ever before BBB opening, especially from arterial capillary or venous capillary. After BBB opening, extravasation of @entity941 from those capillaries was increased and the @entity5 staining of @entity941 was observed after BBB opening. But in low grade @entity816 , BBB disruption was not observed. The effect of BBB disruption was more marked in @entity5 , but little effect was observed in low grade @entity816 and normal brain tissue. The degree of BBB disruption is depend on the volume and speed of hyperosmotic solution. Using our methods of volume and speed, we could observed the different BBB disruption according to the @entity5 . The difference of BBB reaction to hyperosmotic solution between low grade @entity816 and @entity5 is their stability of the BBB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Blood-brain barrier opening microcirculation in XXXX @entity1313 ].

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of the tumor', 'tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein sodium', 'fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The authors present a retrospective analysis of their first 1.500 paediatric laparoscopic appendectomies. Three types of techniques (OUT, MIXED, IN) are described. The average age of the @entity1 was 8 years (range: 2 to 16 years). In case of @entity260 rate was 0.6%. In case of @entity298 the @entity260 rate raised to 13.3%. Conversion rate was 3.3%. There were no death. Mean hospital stay was 1.8 days for @entity697 and 6.5 days for @entity298 . Laparoscopic appendectomy in @entity1 has an unquestionable diagnostic interest, decreases the parietal complications and has a better cosmetic result in case of @entity298 or @entity698 . Benefits are highest in case of @entity298 by @entity282 and length of hospital stay. The teaching value for learning laparoscopic surgeons is obvious. Increase of intraperitoneal residual abscesses, as well as increasing cost, remain controversial. This series is a plea for laparoscopic appendectomy in @entity1 .

title: Laparoscopic appendectomy in XXXX : sense or nonsense?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis the postoperative complication', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['decreasing postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) is the most widely used left ventricular support device in a variety of indications. This review focuses on the current literature and discusses the evidence of IABP in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) with and without @entity1455 . In high-risk @entity583 @entity1 without @entity1455 several randomized clinical trials have been performed. The majority of the studies could not demonstrate an efficacy benefit for IABP as adjunctive therapy in comparison to standard treatment alone. Hence, recent meta-analyses could not reveal diverging mortality rates at a higher incidence of @entity64 and major bleedings with IABP use independent of the type of reperfusion therapy. IABP in @entity583 @entity1 with @entity1455 is recommended according to current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (AHA/ACC) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. In recent meta-analyses, IABP in @entity1455 complicated by @entity583 has been shown to be associated with decreased mortality. However, these beneficial effects are limited to @entity1 treated with thrombolysis, whereas in @entity1 undergoing mechanical revascularization IABP therapy is associated with an increase in mortality. Nevertheless, these data only arise from prospective and retrospective cohort studies, as up to date only one very small randomized clinical trial has been completed. In summary, in high-risk @entity583 @entity1 without @entity1455 , current data do not support the use of IABP and should only be considered as a standby and bailout strategy if @entity1 develop @entity1344 . Current data on IABP in @entity1 with @entity1455 complicated by @entity583 are scarce and highly limited due to the nonrandomized design of previous trials. However, according to current AHA/ACC and ESC guidelines its use is recommended. Although recent meta-analyses challenge current AHA/ACC/ESC guidelines, adequately powered randomized studies are needed to elucidate the role of IABP in @entity1 with @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 .

title: What is the evidence for IABP in XXXX with and without @entity1455 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['STEMI']


abstract: @entity10632 is an @entity792 characterized by @entity32 and destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands. The development of the @entity32 requires the migration of lymphocytes from the blood into these tissues. This migration involves multistep cascades with binding of lacrimal gland endothelial adhesion molecules to their ligands on circulating lymphocytes. We used nonobese diabetic @entity19 , which develop @entity32 , as an experimental model to define the adhesion molecules that control lymphocyte migration into inflamed lacrimal glands. We found that vascular endothelia in inflamed areas of lacrimal gland expressed @entity6580 and the peripheral node addressin (PNAd), but not mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1. Most lymphocytes in the inflamed glands expressed alpha(4) integrin, @entity6232 , and @entity12213 . In vivo studies revealed that antibodies against @entity6580 , alpha(4) integrin, PNAd, @entity6232 , or @entity12213 almost completely blocked lymphocyte migration from blood into inflamed lacrimal glands. There was no inhibition of migration by antibodies against mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 or alpha(4)beta(7) integrin. These results indicate that endothelial/lymphocyte adhesion cascades involving @entity6580 /alpha(4)beta(1) integrin, PNAd/ @entity6232 , and @entity12213 control the migration of lymphocytes into inflamed lacrimal gland. These adhesion molecules offer potential therapeutic targets to block the development of @entity32 and destruction.

title: Lymphocyte migration to inflamed lacrimal glands is mediated by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1/alpha(4)beta(1) integrin, peripheral node addressin/ @entity6232 , and XXXX adhesion pathways.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimal gland inflammation', 'autoimmune-mediated lacrimal gland inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12213 :: ('16414(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['LFA-1', 'lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1']

entities_list: @entity6580 :: ('22329(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['VCAM-1', 'vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity12213 :: (16414(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1']


abstract: @entity398 ( @entity16486 ), a well-known nonapeptide, plays a crucial role in reproduction, and has effects on modulating the immune and inflammatory processes in living organisms as well. Recently it is also known as an antioxidant in several organs. The present study aims to demonstrate the protective effect of @entity16486 against @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury in urinary bladder tissue. Abdominal aorta of @entity35 , were clamped to perform @entity1494 . @entity16486 (0.5  g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally before @entity63 in I/R+ @entity16486 group, whereas the vehicle solution was injected to I/R group. At the end of reperfusion, tissue samples from urinary bladder were processed for histochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical analysis. Tissue sections were stained by @entity11979 for mast cell counting and @entity1710 - @entity1711 for histopathology. In addition, @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels were determined biochemically. The results demonstrated that there was an extreme damage at urothelium, dilatation of intercellular junctions, inflammatory cell infiltration in I/R group. I/R+ @entity16486 group demonstrated a reduction in the severity of @entity1494 . According to mast cell counting results, both granulated and degranulated mast cells were decreased in I/R+ @entity16486 group compared to I/R group. The mean @entity1865 level was higher in I/R group compared to control and lower in I/R+ @entity16486 group compared to I/R group. @entity2197 level reduced in I/R group compared to the control and increased in I/R+ @entity16486 group compared to I/R group. In conclusion, @entity398 , as confirmed by histological evaluation and biochemical assays has a potential protective effect in the urinary bladder tissue against @entity63 /reperfusion injury.

title: The protective effect of @entity398 on XXXX /reperfusion injury in @entity35 urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder ischemia', 'urinary bladder damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['toluidine blue']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The higher mortality among Finnish-speaking than Swedish-speaking Finns is well established and has been shown to be very persistent. However, the most recent comprehensive documentation on the language-group differential extends only to the mid-1980s. We study recent trends in sex- and age-specific language-group mortality from 1988 to 2004, focusing on the relative contribution of the main causes of @entity204 and differences in sociodemographic structure. METHODS: The register data are based on an 11% sample of Finns aged > or =30 years at the end of 1987--which further includes an oversample of deaths covering 80% of all deaths in the period 1988-2004. RESULTS: Finnish-speaking @entity1 had 19% and @entity1 11% higher age-adjusted mortality rates than the Swedish speakers. Further adjustments for sociodemographic composition explained 47% and 36%, respectively, of these differences. Age group-specific analyses showed the steepest differences in the young and middle-aged groups (30-49 years) in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The cause-specific differences were most pronounced in @entity167 -related diseases, suicide and other external causes, for which a slight increase in differentials was also observed. CONCLUSION: The relative difference in mortality between the two main language groups in Finland persists, with a slight narrowing of the gap among @entity1 . Moreover, the largest differences and indications of diverging trends were found among the youngest age groups. The causes of @entity204 in which the difference is greatest highlight the importance of health-related behaviour and cultural differences in lifestyle.

title: Language-group mortality differentials in Finland in 1988-2004: assessment of the contribution of cause of XXXX , sex and age.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity2969 account for about 1% of all @entity5 . The incidence of these @entity5 is increasing and they represent the most common solid malignancies of young @entity1 aged 15-40 years with @entity4797 being one of the most common histotype. Pathogenesis of @entity2969 remains unknown and, although cryptorchidism is considered the main risk factor, there is evidence of an association with environmental and genetic risk factors. @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPV) are a family of DNA viruses and represent a major risk factor for cervical @entity5 . In addition, they have been associated with other @entity1 non-malignant and @entity5 , including breast and @entity135 . HPV sequences have been detected throughout the male lower genitourinary tract as well as in seminal fluid and an increased testicular tumorigenesis has been reported in HPV @entity19 . Aim of this study was to evaluate the potential involvement of HPV in @entity1 testicular tumorigenesis. Real-time PCR employing @entity35555 +/ @entity10388 + consensus HPV primers was used to examine the presence of HPV sequences in a subset of @entity1 @entity4797 (n = 61) and normal testicles (n = 23). None of the specimens tested displayed the presence of HPV DNA. These findings do not support an association between HPV and @entity1 @entity4797 and warrant further studies to assess definitively the role of these viruses in @entity1 testicular tumorigenesis.

title: Lack of evidence for an association between @entity4797 and human papillomavirus infection using @entity35555 +/ XXXX + consensus primers.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'malignant diseases', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['testicular germ cell tumors', 'Testicular germ cell tumors']

answer: @entity10388 :: (51206,Gene) :: ['GP6']