abstract: @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) feminizes @entity1573 embryos in ovo, preventing regression of the @entity14258 ( @entity14258 ). The feminized testis, however, despite its ovarian-like appearance, continues to produce Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS). This study was designed to test whether exogenous @entity4743 preserved the @entity601 against endogenous MIS by affecting the target organ (feminization). @entity4743 (0.1 mg) was injected into the air sacs of 5-day-old @entity1573 embryos. Testes were obtained from 15-day-old @entity1573 embryos and @entity14258 from 8-day-old @entity1573 embryos and combined in organ culture for 72 h. @entity601 regression was examined macroscopically and microscopically after 3 days in vitro in medium without @entity4743 (group A: n = 155) and with 10(-6) M @entity4743 (group B: n = 169). Four types of coculture were set up as follows: 1) Control testis with control @entity601 ; 2) @entity4743 -treated testis with @entity4743 -treated @entity601 ; 3) Control testis with @entity4743 -treated @entity601 ; 4) @entity4743 -treated testis with control @entity601 . In medium without @entity4743 (group A), @entity601 regression was inhibited significantly when the duct was pretreated with @entity4743 [2) and 3) vs. 1) and 4)]. The pretreated testis produced slightly less regression [4) vs. 1)], but this was not significant. Previous studies in ovo had suggested that @entity172 prevented @entity601 regression directly as well as causing feminization of the testis, because MIS secretion was not inhibited from the feminized gonad. These results show that pretreatment of the @entity601 with @entity4743 blocks regression in vitro by a normal testis, confirming that the primary site of action of @entity172 is on the duct itself.

title: Pretreatment of XXXX embryos with @entity172 in ovo prevents mullerian duct regression in organ culture.

entities_list: @entity14258 :: ('MESH:C537371', 'Disease') :: ['MDs', 'Mullerian ducts']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['Diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) concentrations in erythrocytes in 32 psoriatics treated weekly with @entity1500 p.o. or i.m. have been studied. When treatment had been constant for at least 5 weeks, there was only small variation in erythrocyte @entity1500 (ery- @entity1500 ) in the week between two courses of treatment. The ery- @entity1500 was correlated with the weekly dose of @entity1500 . For @entity1 treated with @entity1500 i.m. r = 0.87, and in @entity1 given divided oral doses r was 0.68. There was no difference in ery- @entity1500 between the two routes of administration. No correlation was observed between ery- @entity1500 and the total @entity1500 dose or the length of treatment. During constant @entity1500 administration small variations in ery- @entity1500 were observed. Small changes in the weekly dose of @entity1500 resulted in marked changes in ery- @entity1500 in 4 of the 5 @entity1 studied.

title: @entity1499 in erythrocytes of XXXX with psoriasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity4801 induce immune response in @entity1 which are still poorly characterized. To define the antigens responsible for inducing lymphocyte responses, fast protein liquid chromatography was used to fractionate the antigens of @entity2757 adult worms which were then tested on lymphocytes from @entity1 with @entity6565 and normal controls. From an anion exchange column (Mono Q), three peaks of lymphocyte-stimulating activity were eluted which were further fractionated by gel filtration (Superose-12). Peak I induced both a proliferative response as well as the production of filaria-specific antibody in @entity1 lymphocytes. Peak II, capable of inducing only a proliferative response (without antibody production) in @entity1 lymphocytes, was a glycoprotein with @entity2945 as one of the antigenic determinants. Peak III induced proliferative responses in both @entity1 and normal lymphocytes and thus appears to be mitogenic. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was then used to identify changes in the major cellular proteins associated with the activation of @entity1 lymphocytes by these partially purified antigens. Stimulation of @entity1 lymphocytes with peak I resulted in increased synthesis of immunoglobulin heavy, light, and J chains. Further, these were the only major secreted proteins found in the culture supernatants. Peak II resulted in quantitative changes in proteins associated with T and not B lymphocyte stimulation. Further analysis of these antigens should help to elucidate the mechanism of host-parasite interaction at both the cellular and molecular levels.

title: Brugia malayi antigens associated with lymphocyte activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity2757 :: ('6279', 'Species') :: ['Brugia malayi']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['Filarial parasites']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['filariasis']


abstract: Of a total of 225 @entity1 with suspected @entity531 , 37 (16.4%) underwent surgery. Some eight @entity1 required bilateral operations. One @entity1 had a cervical rib and one a prominent C7 transverse process. A total of 45 limbs were operated on. Thirty-nine procedures were performed as combined scalenectomy and transaxillary first rib resection, four as two-stage scalenectomy and transaxillary first rib resection and two as simple scalenectomy alone. Follow-up from 6 to 60 (mean 17) months was available for 39 operations. A two-tier assessment method was used to improve the accuracy of the results of surgery, including the @entity1 's own evaluation of the benefit of operation communicated to an independent observer and the surgeon's clinical appraisal. Assessment of outcome by the physician was excellent in 54%, good in 28%, fair in 10% and 8% had recurrent symptoms. Similar results were achieved in the @entity1 ' subjective evaluation with approximately 50% reporting an excellent outcome, about 40% good and 10% fair. A poor result was not recorded in those who underwent combined scalenectomy and transaxillary first rib resection. A radical surgical approach combining scalenectomy and transaxillary first rib resection is advocated to minimize the recurrence rate and improve results.

title: Treatment of XXXX with combined scalenectomy and transaxillary first rib resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']


abstract: A 33-year-old @entity1 suffered chronic @entity1887 with @entity1688 after an operation for @entity3029 . He was alert and his @entity1688 gradually improved. However, continuous mechanical ventilation was necessary for him. Thirteen months after the operation, a diaphragm pacer (Avery Laboratory Inc.) was implanted on the right phrenic nerve in the cervical region. Nineteen days after the implantation of the right side pacer, a left side diaphragm pacer was also implanted. Diaphragm pacing was started two weeks after the second implantation. The pacing period was gradually prolonged and continuous pacing for 9 hours by the right side pacer and three hours by the left side pacer was able to be obtained. One year after implantation, twelve continuous hours of diaphragm pacing became possible. During diaphragm pacing, blood gas analysis was satisfactory and the @entity1 could move sitting on a wheel chair, watch television and write letters using a word processor. We were unable to achieve total ventilatory support for him using these diaphragm pacers. We thought that the main cause of our partial failure originated from the procedure used in implanting the electrode onto the phrenic nerve. Left side pacing needs higher amplitude than that used on the right side to obtain sufficient tidal volume. The @entity1 refused our continuing the left side pacing because of @entity158 around the anterior chest and shoulder. Another problem to be watched is diaphragm fatigue. However, diaphragm pacing has been continued for six years and it has been useful in improving his quality of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX due to upper cervical injury treated by diaphragm pacing: a case report].

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial dislocation']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['Ventilatory insufficiency']


abstract: A technique for preparing viable and functional isolated hepatocytes from @entity291 liver is described. The basic procedure, which was adapted from published methods established for laboratory species, employed a two-step in vitro vascular perfusion of the caudate lobe: (1) perfusion with a @entity460 -free buffer containing @entity4526 ( @entity4527 ) for removal of blood cells and extracellular @entity460 and (2) perfusion with @entity460 -fortified buffer containing collagenase for cell dissociation. Hepatocyte suspensions prepared from the caudate lobes of 20 @entity291 possessed a mean viability of 81.3% as determined by @entity3460 exclusion. Mean yield was 2.2 X 10(7) viable hepatocytes/g of liver (wet wt). Viable hepatocytes utilized O2 at a rate 2.82 times greater than nonviable hepatocytes. Biochemical function of the hepatocyte suspensions was assessed by rates of gluconeogenesis and @entity844 oxidation. @entity413 production from added @entity880 ranged from .88 to 1.47 mumol X min-1 X g-1 of liver tissue (dry wt). Both gluconeogenic and @entity844 oxidation rates were substantially greater in isolated hepatocytes when compared with liver slices. Isolated hepatocyte contained .398 +/- .033 (SE) nmol cytochromes P-450/mg microsomal protein and .285 +/- .025 nmol cytochrome bs/mg microsomal protein, which was comparable with amounts in liver tissue from the same animals (.568 +/- .056 and .298 +/- .033 nmol/mg protein, respectively). No significant decline of either cytochrome was detectable for isolated hepatocytes for up to 5.5 h after euthanasia. The potential usefulness of isolated @entity291 hepatocytes in xenobiotic metabolism studies is illustrated by the epoxidation of @entity4528 .

title: A technique for isolation of XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4526 :: ('CHEBI:30740', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene bis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The growing number of @entity1 in emergency departments can lead to overcrowding, often adding to organisational problems. Triage aims to predict the severity of disease, with the aim of organising @entity1 flow. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of the @entity262 ( @entity262 ) for risk classification of @entity1 . METHODS: A systematic review of the literature in Ebscohost, Pubmed and Scielo (2002-2013) was undertaken. Articles were selected independently by two researchers using selection criteria. Twenty-two articles were selected for inclusion in this review. RESULTS: The results support the applicability of the @entity262 , which has proven validity for use in @entity1 , adults, @entity1 with @entity301 and @entity1 with @entity1151 . The @entity262 was found to be inclusive, and to predict emergency department admission and @entity204 in the short term. CONCLUSION: The majority of studies found that the @entity262 was useful in triage of @entity1 in emergency departments, but sub-triage and super-triage (i.e. under and over classification of severity, respectively) still occur.

title: Efficacy of the XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['MTS', 'Manchester Triage System']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['Manchester Triage System']


abstract: A sample of 16 @entity1 with malignant @entity0 were examined by means of an interview, a questionnaire, and the Szondi Test together with a comparison group of 56 @entity1 with @entity0 . The @entity1 were divided into two age groups, those below and above 40 years of age. In this way studies done in other countries to investigate the personality structure of @entity5 @entity1 were replicated. Emphasis was given to the following issues: self-destructive and/or masochistic tendencies, attitudes of @entity308 resignation, and conflicts with respect to femininity and motherhood. The results showed several significant differences by which benign @entity5 @entity1 can be better characterized. These @entity1 presented symptoms, experiences and structures of the neurotic type. The @entity5 @entity1 presented structures closer to the psychosomatic type, with rigid negation of conflicts (in relation to sex, identification, violence and @entity146 ), and with an unreal insertion in the world. Their somatizations are not conversive; they are interpreted as effects of the destructive and violent tendencies which, without release for the lack of adequate contacts with objects, are directed toward themselves. However, this cannot properly be called a masochistic structure because the destructive tendencies do not have a sexual origin, rather they are part of a vehement negation of others and of life itself, in the sense of a primary death drive. It is impossible to tell, however, to what point these characteristics are already the effects of the breast problems, or whether they have more causal relevance as certain previous personal experiences indicate.

title: [Influences and psychological structures in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast tumors', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that a distractive stimulus, such as music, introduced during exercise can reduce perception of respiratory effort at any given level of exercise, whereas sensory deprivation increases effort perception. Thirty-six @entity1 with moderate @entity1030 participated in four sessions of symptom-limited exercise. The first session familiarized the subject with the protocol. The other sessions were performed under partial visual isolation while listening to music (M), or to grey noise (GN), or in silence ( @entity13763 ), presented in randomized order. Subjects graded their respiratory effort using the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale. Total exercise time (EXT) and external work ( @entity7097 ) were objective indices of exercise tolerance. EXT was 22% longer with M than with either GN or @entity13763 (p < 0.001), and @entity7097 was 44% and 53% greater with M than with GN or @entity13763 , respectively (p < 0.001). These increases occurred at a heart rate that was only a few beats higher than during GN or @entity13763 (104 +/- 3 bpm for M and 101 +/- 3 bpm for @entity13763 ), a minimal difference that was statistically significant (p < 0.001). At every level of exercise, perceived exertion with M was lower than for either GN or @entity13763 (p < 0.001). Although the respective RPE was higher for @entity13763 than for GN (p < 0.01) at every level of exercise, @entity7097 and EXT were no different. These data indicate that perceived effort can be significantly influenced by external factors. This in turn suggests that the use of distractive stimuli during exercise training programs with @entity1 with @entity1030 may significantly decrease perceived symptoms of respiratory discomfort, thus allowing the @entity1 to exercise to a higher intensity, and potentially achieving more effective exercise reconditioning training.

title: Effect of distractive auditory stimuli on exercise tolerance in XXXX with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Thrombolysis for acute @entity385 has become a reality. The aim of our study was to assess the opportunity and practicality of establishing @entity64 treatment in a hospital that did not participate in @entity64 treatment trials, as well as to prospectively analyze 2 groups of @entity1 who reached the Emergency Department (ED) within 3 hours who were either treated or not treated with @entity3479 ). The average score for severity of @entity51 for the @entity1 who received @entity3479 was 14 on the National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS). We compare this group with 18 @entity1 who did not receive @entity3479 but had similar NIHSS scores (13.9 average). Both groups were matched for age and other comorbidity factors. We concluded that the establishment of an @entity64 treatment algorithm is possible de novo in a hospital that is equipped with computed tomography (CT) and neurosurgery services. The number of @entity1 who can receive @entity3479 treatment is limited by the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Prolonged door-to-needle time was caused by delays in CT interpretation, processing of laboratory results, and stabilization of blood pressure. @entity1 who received @entity3479 had a shorter length of stay, were more independent, and had a better survival rate after 1 year. Our findings were in agreement with the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 (NINDS) @entity64 Study that led to the approval of the use of @entity3479 in the treatment of acute @entity385 .

title: Tissue plasminogen activator for XXXX in everyday clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although researchers have focused on @entity1 's smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period and the influence of household interactions on their @entity286 reduction efforts, little attention has been given to parents' efforts to regulate smoking during the @entity1 -rearing years. The objective of this study was to examine how parenting young @entity1 and gender relations reflected in couple dynamics influence household @entity286 use patterns and, specifically, @entity1 's tobacco reduction efforts. METHODS: As part of a longitudinal, grounded-theory study with 28 couples to examine the place of @entity286 in the lives of new parents, each parent participated in one or two individual, semi-structured interviews during the first three years postpartum. Grounded theory methods and a gender relations framework were used to analyze transcribed data. RESULTS: Two different parenting styles that couples adhered to were identified. These parenting styles reflected performances of femininities and masculinities, and were associated with particular smoking patterns. Traditional parenting reinforced by @entity1 's alignment with emphasized femininities and @entity1 's alignment with hegemonic masculinities placed @entity1 with smoking partners at risk for relapse. @entity1 's actions to be supportive partners facilitated couples' continued smoking. In shared parenting dyads, egalitarian practices tended to support successful transitions to smoke-free homes. @entity1 's ability to exert more influence around family decision making, and the acceptance of new masculine identities associated with fatherhood were influential. In non-smoking dyads where the mother, father, or both reduced or stopped smoking, we observed a subtext of potential conflict in the event either the mother or father relapsed. CONCLUSIONS: Decisions about @entity286 use are made within relationships and social contexts that vary based on each individual's relationship to @entity286 , divisions of domestic labour and childcare, and other activities that impact @entity286 use. Sensitive approaches to @entity286 reduction for @entity1 and @entity1 must be developed building on greater understanding of gender relations and how @entity286 use is integrated in spousal and parental roles.

title: XXXX use patterns in traditional and shared parenting families: a gender perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Women', 'child', 'men']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: A concurrent multicenter, randomized Phase II trial employing a recombinant poxviral vaccine provided evidence of enhanced median overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0061) in @entity1 with metastatic castrate-resistant @entity263 (mCRPC). The study reported here employed the identical vaccine in mCRPC to investigate the influence of @entity2841 with vaccine, and the influence of immunologic and prognostic factors on median OS. Thirty-two @entity1 were vaccinated once with recombinant vaccinia containing the transgenes for @entity1486 and three costimulatory molecules. @entity1 received boosters with recombinant fowlpox containing the same four transgenes. Twelve of 32 @entity1 showed declines in serum @entity1486 post-vaccination and 2/12 showed decreases in index lesions. Median OS was 26.6 months (predicted median OS by the Halabi nomogram was 17.4 months). @entity1 with greater @entity1486 -specific T-cell responses showed a trend (p = 0.055) toward enhanced survival. There was no difference in T-cell responses or survival in cohorts of @entity1 receiving @entity2841 versus no @entity2841 . @entity1 with a Halabi predicted survival of <18 months (median predicted 12.3 months) had an actual median OS of 14.6 months, while those with a Halabi predicted survival of > or =18 months (median predicted survival 20.9 months) will meet or exceed 37.3 months, with 12/15 @entity1 living longer than predicted (p = 0.035). Treg suppressive function was shown to decrease following vaccine in @entity1 surviving longer than predicted, and increase in @entity1 surviving less than predicted. This hypothesis-generating study provides evidence that @entity1 with more indolent mCRPC (Halabi predicted survival > or =18 months) may best benefit from vaccine therapy.

title: Immunologic and prognostic factors associated with overall survival employing a poxviral-based @entity1486 vaccine in metastatic castrate-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Three types of multiple-drug-resistant mutants which were phenotypically similar to previously described nalB, nfxB, and nfxC mutants were isolated from @entity5175 and two clinical isolates. Type 1 (nalB-type) mutants showed cross-resistance to @entity2889 , cephems, and @entity5176 . They overproduced an outer membrane protein with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa (OprM). Type 2 (nfxB-type) mutants showed cross-resistance to @entity5176 and new cephems, i.e., cefpirome and @entity5177 , concomitant with overproduction of an outer membrane protein with an apparent molecular mass of 54 kDa (OprJ). Type 3 (nfxC-type) mutants showed cross-resistance to carbapenems and @entity5176 . They produced decreased amounts of OprD and increased amounts of a 50-kDa protein (OprN), which was almost the same molecular weight as that of OprM, but it was distinguishable from OprM by its heat modifiability on @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. In the presence of @entity2697 , the parent strains showed an increased level of resistance to carbapenems and @entity5176 and produced decreased amounts of OprD and increased amounts of OprN. @entity2697 caused the repression of OprJ production and the loss of resistance to cefpirome and @entity5177 in two of the three OprJ-overproducing mutants, although @entity2697 slightly increased the level of resistance in the parent strains. The changes in susceptibilities were transient in the presence of @entity2697 . These data suggest that at least three different outer membrane proteins, OprM, OprJ, and OprN, are associated with multiple drug resistance in @entity796 .

title: Outer membrane proteins responsible for multiple drug resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5175 :: ('208964', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate', 'Salicylate']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity5177 :: ('MESH:C070918', 'Chemical') :: ['cefozopran']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bacterial translocation (BT) commonly occurs in @entity82 . Reliable biomarkers for BT are currently lacking. @entity1 @entity16448 ( @entity16448 ) is a member of the family of natural antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells and participates in the mucosal defensive mechanisms that prevent BT. The aim of the present study was to examine the local and systemic expression of @entity16448 in @entity1 with @entity82 . METHODS: Plasma concentrations of @entity16448 and of soluble @entity5750 (sCD14) proteins were measured by ELISA in @entity1 with @entity3619 , @entity82 , and healthy controls. Relative mRNA expression of various natural antimicrobial peptides was determined by real-time PCR in biopsies from the terminal ileum and colon. RESULTS: We found significant upregulation of @entity16448 and sCD14 in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity82 compared to @entity1 with @entity3619 and healthy controls. The etiology of @entity82 did not affect the concentration of either protein. The levels of @entity16448 protein correlated significantly with the levels of sCD14 in blood collected from hepatic veins of cirrhotic @entity1 . In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the intestinal mucosal mRNA expression of the Paneth cell specific defensin A5 or @entity16448 between @entity1 with @entity82 and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16448 is upregulated in @entity1 with @entity82 and highly correlates with the lipopolysaccharide-induced protein sCD14. @entity16448 may serve as a biomarker of BT in @entity1 with @entity82 .

title: Systemic levels of @entity1 b-defensin 1 are elevated in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of self-efficacy requires carefully developed and validated instruments. It is currently unclear whether available self-efficacy instruments for @entity102 fulfill these requirements. Our aim was to systematically identify all existing self-efficacy scales for five major @entity102 and to assess their development and validation process. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in electronic databases (MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, and EMBASE) to identify studies describing the development and/or validation process of self-efficacy instruments for the five @entity6 , @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), @entity565 , @entity625 , and @entity712 . Two members of the review team independently selected articles meeting inclusion criteria. The self-efficacy instruments were evaluated in terms of their development (aim of instrument, a priori considerations, identification of items, selection of items, development of domains, answer options) and validation (test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, validity, responsiveness) process. RESULTS: Of 584 potentially eligible papers we included 25 (13 for @entity6 , 5 for @entity565 , 4 for @entity625 , 3 for @entity1030 , 0 for @entity712 ) which covered 26 different self-efficacy instrument versions. For 8 instruments (30.8%), the authors described the aim before the scales were developed whereas for the other instruments the aim was unclear. In one study (3.8%) a priori considerations were specified. In none of the studies a systematic literature search was carried out to identify items. The item selection process was often not clearly described (38.5%). Test-retest reliability was assessed for 9 instruments (34.6%), validity using a correlational approach for 18 (69.2%), and responsiveness to change for 3 (11.5%) instruments. CONCLUSION: The development and validation process of the majority of the self-efficacy instruments had major limitations. The aim of the instruments was often not specified and for most instruments, not all measurement properties that are important to support the specific aim of the instrument (for example responsiveness for evaluative instruments) were assessed. Researchers who develop and validate self-efficacy instruments should adhere more closely to important methodological concepts for development and validation of @entity1 -reported outcomes and report their methods more transparently. We propose a systematic five step approach for the development and validation of self-efficacy instruments.

title: Self-efficacy instruments for @entity1 with XXXX suffer from methodological limitations--a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'chronic diseases diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: Whether or not the use of maladaptive defense style is a trait, as opposed to a state dependent phenomenon, in @entity4697 ( @entity4697 ) is a topic still very much up for debate. The aim of the study was to verify whether @entity4697 @entity1 , both before and after treatment, used different defense style than the control group. Sixty-one @entity4697 @entity1 (recruited from an original sample of 90 @entity1 ) and 64 healthy controls were evaluated against the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV disorders, the Symptoms Check List-90, the Hamilton Rating Scales for @entity148 and for @entity308 and finally the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ). The @entity1 were treated with @entity903 or @entity837 and were evaluated monthly for one year to assess the remission. The DSQ was re-administered to the @entity1 at the end of the study. Before treatment, @entity4697 @entity1 used more neurotic and immature forms of defense than controls. After treatment, those in remission used the same defense styles as the control group, whereas non-remitters still used more immature defenses. However, all the aforementioned difference disappeared, after excluding the effect of symptom severity. Our data supports the hypothesis that the use of maladaptive defenses might be the consequence of @entity4697 : when subjects fall ill, their capacity to use mature adaptive defenses may diminish, but when they recover their defensive style returns to a greater maturity. The present results are however limited by the dropout rate (one third of @entity1 did not complete the study) and the use of just one questionnaire to evaluate the complexity of defense styles.

title: Defense style in XXXX before and after pharmacological treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic disorder']


abstract: In this study, we examined the distribution of lactotrophs in different regions of pituitaries of ovariectomized (OVX) @entity35 either untreated or treated with @entity53 , @entity1420 or a combination of @entity53 and @entity1420 . Anterior pituitaries were cut into inner and outer zones. Each of these regions was enzymatically dispersed and the resulting cells subjected to density sedimentation through a discontinuous Percoll gradient. The light and heavy cell subpopulations obtained were compared with cells not subjected to Percoll (unseparated cells). Cell numbers were determined and prolactin positive cells were assessed by immunocytochemistry. In OVX @entity35 , the percentage of lactotrophs in the unseparated cell fraction of the outer zone was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in the inner zone. @entity53 increased the percentage of PRL cells in all cell populations, but the effect on inner zone light cells was significantly less than on any other type of cells. @entity1420 given alone did not affect the percentage of lactotrophs in pituitary compared to untreated OVX @entity35 nor did it alter the effects of @entity53 . When the number of lactotrophs was calculated, the unseparated cells of inner and outer zone were equivalent except in the untreated OVX group where there was a significantly greater number of lactotrophs in the outer zone. In untreated OVX @entity35 there was an equal distribution of lactotrophs between light and heavy cells in both inner and outer zones. @entity53 significantly increased the number of PRL cells in both zones and the effect was greater in the heavy cell fractions especially in the outer zone. In contrast, @entity1420 decreased the number of PRL positive cells in both zones and across cell types, but this effect was most pronounced in the outer zone. @entity1420 also decreased the total pituitary cell number and this effect was greater than could be accounted for by the decrease in lactotroph numbers. We conclude that, except in untreated OVX @entity35 , the numbers of lactotrophs in inner and outer zones are similar. The results also indicate that @entity53 and @entity1420 can significantly alter the proportion and/or numbers of PRL positive cells within pituitary zones and may also affect cells that are not identified as PRL positive.

title: Distribution of lactotroph subpopulations in different regions of the XXXX pituitary.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An in vivo study of @entity1797 by using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). OBJECTIVE: To quantify water and proteoglycan (PG) content in the intervertebral disc by using in vivo MRS and to evaluate the relationship between MRS-quantified water/PG content, T1  , Pfirrmann score, clinical self-assessment, and discography. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous in vitro studies have investigated the relationship between MRS-quantified water/PG content and degenerative grade by using cadaveric intervertebral discs. T1   has been shown to relate to Pfirrmann grade and clinical self-assessment. However, the associations between MRS-quantified water/PG content, MRI-based T1  , self-assessment of health status, and clinical response to discography have not been studied in vivo. METHODS: MRS and MRI were performed in 26 @entity1 (70 discs) with symptomatic @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ) and 23 controls (41 discs). @entity1 underwent evaluation of intervertebral discs with provocative discography. All subjects completed the Short Form-36 Health Survey and @entity717 Index questionnaires. RESULTS: The water/PG peak area ratio was significantly elevated in (a) @entity1 (compared with controls) and in (b) discs with positive discography (compared with negative discography). Magnetic resonance (MR) T1   exhibited similar trends. A significant association was found between T1   and normalized PG content (R = 0.61, P < 0.05) but not between T1   and normalized water content (R = 0.24, P > 0.05). The water/PG peak area ratio, normalized water, normalized PG, and Pfirrmann grade were significantly associated with @entity1 self-assessment of disability and physical composite score, while disc height was not. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a relationship between in vivo MRS spectroscopy (water content and PG content), imaging parameters (T1   and Pfirrmann grade), discography results, and clinical self-assessment, suggesting that MRS-quantified water, PG, and MR T1   relaxation time may potentially serve as biomarkers of symptomatic @entity1797 .

title: In vivo intervertebral disc characterization using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and T1   imaging: association with discography and XXXX Index and Short Form-36 Health Survey.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['IVDD', 'intervertebral degenerative disc', 'intervertebral disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Oswestry Disability']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The quality assessment measure of @entity14 screening in the veteran's health system reports the proportion of @entity1 aged 52-80 years who were tested. This approach does little to assess for comorbid illnesses, which might limit the utility of screening. Our aim was to determine the relationship between @entity1 comorbidity and screening by fecal occult blood test in a national sample of veterans. METHODS: We examined the Veterans Health Administration's national databases (October 2003-February 2005) for a random sample of primary care @entity1 , aged > or = 50 years. The Charlson score, a validated measure of comorbidity burden, was calculated from diagnosis codes by the Deyo method. The association between Charlson score and @entity14 screening was assessed with logistic regression. RESULTS: The sample of 77,268 was 97% @entity1 ; mean age was 67 years. Charlson score distribution was 0, 45%; 1, 24%; 2, 14%; 3, 7%; 4, 4%; 5, 2%; 6, 1%; 7, 0.8%; 8, 0.6%; 9, 0.4%; > or = 10, 1%. Overall there was no consistent significant association between Charlson score and use of fecal occult blood testing except in the sickest 1%. There was a strong and incremental relationship between Charlson score and 1-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was a strong relationship in the veteran population between the Charlson score and survival, @entity14 screening utilization was not impacted by Charlson score. Instead, resources were expended evenly throughout the population, rather than directed toward screening the @entity1 with the most life-years at stake. The quality measure for @entity14 screening should be modified to account for @entity1 comorbidity.

title: Impact of comorbidity on XXXX screening in the veterans healthcare system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar punctures (LP) are regularly and effortlessly used in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). LP use and efficiency have not been fully explored in the published literature. AIMS: The goal of this study was to assess in a French @entity341 , the frequency of use and the diagnostic efficiency of LP, the final diagnoses, and related medical practices. METHODS: We retrospectively studied all @entity1 who underwent an LP after admission to our adult @entity341 in 2004 and 2005. @entity1 ' medical files were reviewed to collect clinical and paraclinical features. We defined efficient LP as abnormal LP, which confirmed a suspected diagnosis in an emergency setting. RESULTS: A total of 247 @entity1 , representing 0.5% of all admissions, underwent an LP. LP were efficient in fewer than 15% of cases and confirmed @entity5827 (8.5%), @entity4008 (2.4%), @entity5011 (1.6%), @entity510 ( @entity510 , 0.4%), and @entity3909 (0.4%). The principal differential diagnoses were @entity281 outside the central nervous system (CNS, 30%), noninfectious @entity16 (28.7%), and benign @entity10 (14.2%). The main assumed LP indications were to search for CNS @entity281 (62%) and for @entity510 (25%). LP efficiency decreased dramatically according to @entity1 ' age. Brain imaging was performed in 90% of @entity1 prior to LP. Excessive use of polymerase chain reaction to detect herpes simplex in cerebrospinal fluid was observed. The only LP complications found were postdural puncture @entity10 (6.1% of cases). The rate of traumatic LP was 17%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are in accordance with the few published surveys on this topic. LP efficiency is modest but must be considered in light of the seriousness of suspected diagnoses. However, the search for differential diagnoses should not be neglected.

title: Lumbar punctures: use and diagnostic efficiency in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhages', 'SAH']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency medical departments', 'EMD']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndromes']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency medical departments']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgery for @entity14360 has always been challenged with the risk of deterioration of hearing or the recurrence of the disease. If surgery is indicated, controversy exists regarding staging versus nonstaging and whether to perform stapedectomy or mobilize the fixed ossicles by removal of plaques. The aim of this study was to review the previous reports and to analyze the long-term surgical outcome of 30 @entity1 who have been operated on owing to @entity14360 . METHODS: Nine hundred twelve cases with @entity102 media with or without @entity3540 that have undergone either the intact canal wall or canal wall down mastoidectomy technique were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty @entity1 who underwent ossicular chain reconstruction between 1990 and 2005 owing to conductive @entity393 resulting from @entity14360 were selected after excluding those @entity1 who had repair of a @entity3808 eardrum only. The types of surgery for restoration of @entity393 , postoperative @entity393 , and closure of air-bone gaps were compared. The average follow-up was 4.3 years. RESULTS: There were 19 male and 11 female @entity1 , with ages ranging between 12 and 48 (27.6 +/- 9 years). Fourteen @entity1 (47%) underwent myringoplasty and ossiculoplasty only, 14 @entity1 (47%) had simple mastoidectomy, and 2 @entity1 (6%) had a modified radical mastoidectomy owing to associated @entity3540 . Seven @entity1 with @entity1442 had stapedectomy and a total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP), five @entity1 had stapes mobilization and a partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP), two @entity1 had incus transposition, one @entity1 had a tragal cartilage graft over the stapes as ossicular reconstruction, and one @entity1 had a graft over the incus. Fourteen @entity1 with an intact ossicular chain had a mobilization procedure associated with mastoidectomy and atticotomy. Thirty-three percent of the @entity1 had less than 20 dB air-bone gaps in the long term. @entity1 with stapedectomy with TORP and PORP application presented with better air-bone gap closure (to 20 dB) compared with those with the mobilization procedure only. None of the @entity1 had a dead ear after surgery. CONCLUSION: The success of the surgery was dictated by the location and the extent of @entity14361 . Controversy still remains concerning the long-term results of the surgical management of @entity14360 , and the results are not satisfactory, as seen in surgery for @entity8719 .

title: Management of XXXX with ossicular fixation: review and presentation of long-term results of 30 new cases.

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity14361 :: ('MESH:C566895', 'Disease') :: ['tympanosclerotic involvement']

entities_list: @entity14360 :: ('MESH:D063371', 'Disease') :: ['tympanosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced tympanosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing gain', 'hearing loss']

answer: @entity14360 :: (MESH:D063371,Disease) :: ['tympanosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with rare @entity1961 +CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), @entity1961 +CD25- T cells are abundant in peripheral blood. Studies have demonstrated that @entity5 can convert naive @entity1961 +CD25- T cells into @entity1961 +CD25+ @entity3744 + Tregs; however, the potential application of the converted Tregs in transplant medicine has not well demonstrated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1961 +CD25- T cells isolated cultured for 5 d in various combinations of cell culture medium and conditioned medium from RenCa cells. @entity3744 levels were determined by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. BALB/c @entity19 mononuclear cells (responder) combined with different ratios of the converted @entity1961 +CD25+ Tregs were co-cultured with inactivated C57BL/6 mononuclear cells (stimulator) in one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In addition, the converted Tregs were transferred into a @entity19 skin transplant model, and graft histology, survival time, and @entity56 were assessed. RESULTS: @entity1961 +CD25- T cells cultured in media supplemented with increasing concentrations of RenCa conditioned medium were partially converted into @entity1961 +CD25+ Tregs; conversion increased as the percentage of conditioned medium increased. Moreover, the converted @entity1961 +CD25+ Tregs possessed characteristics similar to those of naturally occurring Tregs, including @entity3744 expression and the ability to suppress T cell proliferation in one-way MLR in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunosuppressive effects of the converted @entity1961 +CD25+ Tregs were also similar to those of naturally occurring Tregs in vivo, suppressing allograft rejection and prolonging survival time of allogeneic skin grafts following adoptive transfer in @entity19 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that @entity1961 +CD25- T cells cultured with conditioned media from @entity5 cells may be useful for obtaining sufficient numbers of Tregs, which may help suppress acute rejection and prolong graft survival.

title: Suppression of alloimmunity in XXXX by regulatory T cells converted with conditioned media.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Flow diverters are increasingly used for treatment of @entity438 . In most series, the @entity7826 was used for the treatment of large, giant, complex, and @entity439 . Little is known about the use of the @entity7826 in small @entity439 . The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the @entity7826 in small @entity439 ( <= 7 mm). METHODS: A total of 100 consecutive @entity1 with small @entity439 ( <= 7 mm) were treated with the @entity7826 at our institution between May 2011 and September 2013. Data on procedural safety and efficacy was retrospectively collected. RESULTS: Mean @entity439 size was 5.2    1.5 mm. Seven @entity1 had sustained a @entity510 . All except 5 @entity439 (95%) arose from the anterior circulation. The number of PEDs used was 1.2 per @entity439 . Symptomatic procedure-related complications occurred in 3 (3%) @entity1 : 1 distal parenchymal haemorrhage managed conservatively and 2 @entity63 events. At the latest follow-up (mean, 6.1 months), 52 (71%) @entity439 were @entity2300 (100%), 10 (14%) were near- @entity2300 (>= 90%), and 11 (15%) were @entity2300 (<90%). Six @entity439 (8%) required further treatment. Increasing @entity439 size (OR= 3.9; 95% CI: 0.99-15; p = 0.05) predicted retreatment. All @entity1 achieved a favorable outcome (mRS 0-2) at follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this study, treatment of small @entity439 with the @entity7826 was associated with low complication rates and high @entity439 rates. These findings suggest that the @entity7826 is a safe and effective alternative to conventional endovascular techniques for small @entity439 . Randomised trials with long-term follow up are necessary to determine the optimal treatment that leads to the highest rate of obliteration and best clinical outcomes. DISCLOSURES: N. Chalouhi: None. M. Zanaty: None. A. @entity13893 : None. S. Yang: None. S. Tjoumakaris: None. D. Hasan: None. R. Starke: None. S. Hann: None. C. Hammer: None. D. Kung: None. R. Rosenwasser: None. P. Jabbour: None.

title: E-020   safety and efficacy of the pipeline embolization device in 100 small XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'fusiform aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['incompletely occluded', 'completely occluded']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) can be used as a possible pharmaceutical alternative that augments radiofrequency (RF) ablation by reducing @entity5 blood flow. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intraarterial and intravenous administration of @entity9188 on RF-induced ablation in an experimentally induced @entity96 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: VX2 @entity189 was grown in the livers of 30 @entity95 . @entity9188 (1 mg/kg) was administered through the hepatic artery (n = 10, group A) or ear vein (n = 10, group B), 30 minutes before RF ablation (125 mA    35; 90    5   ). As a control group, 10 @entity95 were treated with RF ablation alone (group C). RF was intentionally applied to the peripheral margin of the @entity5 so that ablation can cover the @entity5 and adjacent @entity99 . Ablation areas of the @entity5 and adjacent parenchymal changes among three groups were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The overall ablation areas were 156    28.9 mm(2) (group A), 119    31.7 (group B), and 92    17.4 (group C, p < 0.04). The ablation area of the @entity5 was significantly larger in group A (73    19.7 mm(2)) than both group B (50    19.4, p = 0.02) and group C (28    2.2, p < 0.01). The ratios of the tumoral ablation area to the overall ablation area were larger in group A (47    10.5%) than that of the other groups (42    7.3% in group B and 32    5.6% in group C) (p < 0.03). CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency-induced ablation area can be increased with intraarterial or intravenous administration of @entity9188 . The intraarterial administration of @entity9188 seems to be helpful for the selective ablation of the @entity5 .

title: Effects of XXXX on radiofrequency ablation of VX2 @entity96 : intraarterial versus intravenous administration.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic parenchyma']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['arsenic trioxide']


abstract: When @entity35 mast cells are prelabeled with 32PO4 and exposed to non-immunologic or immunologic stimuli under conditions that lead to mediator release from granules, they show rapid increases in labeling of a number of high molecular weight proteins. To determine if granule membrane proteins are subject to protein phosphorylation and perhaps participate in this response, granules with intact or broken membranes were isolated from sonicated, purified @entity35 serosal mast cells on a Percoll gradient. When the granules with broken membranes were incubated with [gamma-32P] @entity855 and @entity1025 in the absence of exogenous protein kinases, one major radioactive band was recovered in the 44K area after electrophoresis in @entity3208 / @entity2975 gels. The phosphorylation reaction with @entity855 required @entity1025 , was enhanced by 0.05 to 0.5 microM @entity1919 , and was inhibited by @entity141 (0.5 mM and higher). The initial reaction was rapid, and the maximal response was seen at 30 degrees. The 44K band was absent in granules with intact membranes incubated with [gamma-32P] @entity855 but present when intact granules were lysed with distilled water before adding the [gamma-32P] @entity855 . These observations indicate that granules have an endogenous phosphorylating system and that the phosphorylation response is on the inner surface of the granule membranes. The possibility was not excluded that a portion of the phosphorylating activity was derived from the cytosol and became firmly associated with broken granules when the intact cells were sonicated. Analysis for possible phosphorylated @entity1522 in the 44K band after acid hydrolysis showed both @entity8283 and @entity8284 , indicating that the radioactivity was in a phosphorylated protein or glycoprotein. The 44K phosphorylated protein was made up of several components ranging in pI from approximately 7.6 to 6.6. While the identity of the phosphorylated 44K polypeptide is uncertain, one important possibility is that it is part of an autophosphorylated @entity268 dependent protein kinase. The @entity1919 dependent phosphorylating activity present in granules provides a mechanism by which the granules might respond rapidly to @entity1919 during mediator release.

title: Protein phosphorylation in @entity35 mast cell granules. XXXX dependent phosphorylation of a 44K protein associated with broken granules.

entities_list: @entity8283 :: ('CHEBI:15811', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoserine']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity8284 :: ('CHEBI:37525', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphothreonine']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['Cyclic AMP']


abstract: A preliminary study was performed to ensure reliable R-wave detection and fiducial mark location. A generalized phase-sampling model for spectral estimation was then used, based on an interest in beat-to-beat variations. Heart rate spectrum characteristics of 32 presumed-normal subjects and 44 records from the MIT-BIH electrocardiographic database (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA) were analyzed and three parameters were calculated: regression line slope, intercept, and cross correlation between the spectral data and the regression lines. Evaluation of these inverse power-law spectrum parameters provides a potential quantitative approach for characterizing erratic fluctuations of heart rate and is possibly used to distinguish between healthy and abnormal subjects. From the 44 recordings in the MIT-BIH database, a V-shaped curve was found in a plot of the regression line slope versus cross correlation. The results for both unmedicated and medicated @entity1 with normal sinus rhythm cluster in the top left region of the graph. Also, 29 of the presumed-normal subjects cluster in the same region. @entity1 with @entity1540 contraction beats cluster in the top right region of the V-shaped curve. The rest of the recordings from the variety of @entity943 cases in the database have @entity258 and cross correlations, so they cluster near the apex of the V-shaped curve. Three volunteers who each had more than 32 atrial premature contraction and @entity1540 contraction beats also fall in this region of the graph. The results from 10 young volunteers from the United States and 15 volunteers from seven other countries cluster into different regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Parameter evaluation of the inverse power-law spectrum of heart rate. A quantitative approach for ECG XXXX analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low slopes']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: @entity1 @entity13622 , a @entity563 proteinase stored within mast cell secretory granules, rapidly loses enzymatic activity in solutions of physiological salt concentration, pH, and temperature. The inactivation of tryptase can be slowed and even reversed by addition of heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan also found in the secretory granules. These properties may be relevant to tryptase regulation after secretion from mast cells. To further characterize the molecular changes underlying the functional instability of tryptase, circular dichroism (CD) and analytical ultracentrifugation were used to investigate structural changes during spontaneous inactivation. The CD spectra of active and spontaneously inactivated tryptase are different, particularly in the region around 230 nm where active tryptase displays a distinct negative peak. This peak is also observed in the CD spectrum of @entity291 chymotrypsin but not in trypsin, elastase, or chymotrypsinogen. Loss of activity resulting from spontaneous inactivation was accompanied by a diminution of the 230-nm signal. The kinetics for the signal loss appeared to be first-order and closely paralleled the rate of enzymatic activity loss. Dextran @entity597 , a highly sulfated polysaccharide, was capable of reactivating tryptase and restoring the CD signal. After 2 h of decay (> 90% loss of activity), addition of dextran @entity597 resulted in an almost immediate return of the CD signal to that of active tryptase. The return of the CD signal appeared to be more rapid than the return of enzymatic activity, thereby suggesting the presence of an unidentified step which is rate-limiting for activity return (and loss) and subsequent (prior) to the CD change accompanying activity loss. Ultracentrifugation analysis of tryptase showed a marked change in its association state upon inactivation. Sedimentation equilibrium under stabilizing conditions demonstrated the presence of a single species with the molecular weight of a tetramer. After spontaneous inactivation, a mixture of species was evident, which was characterized as monomers and tetramers in equilibrium. These results demonstrate that spontaneous inactivation of tryptase is associated with reversible conformational changes and that a consequence of inactivation is the formation of a destabilized tetrameric form. Although the molecular mechanism initiating these changes remains unclear, possible insights into the process are discussed on the basis of the similarity between the CD spectra of tryptase and chymotrypsin.

title: Structural changes associated with the spontaneous inactivation of the @entity563 proteinase XXXX tryptase.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiotherapy (RT) for @entity150 is as an effective alternative of cystectomy. Although rapid @entity5 clonogen repopulation contributes to radio-resistance, accelerated RT schemes based on  <= 2 Gy fractions have failed to improve results. We suggest that accelerated hypofractionation (HypoARC) may be more effective, as it targets both @entity5 with increased clonogenic activity and @entity5 with low radio-sensitivity. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-two @entity150 @entity1 were treated with concomitant-boost conformal RT (14   2.7 Gy to the pelvis and 15   3.4 Gy to the bladder, within 19 days). @entity1 received a daily dose of 0/500/750/1,000 mg of @entity8503 using a dose-individualization algorithm (15.8%, 8.5%, 19.5%, and 56.1% of @entity1 respectively). RESULTS: Early frequency grade 2-3, @entity3833 grade 1-2, @entity294 grade 2, and @entity4272 grade 2 appeared in 10.9%, 15.8%, 8.5%, and 13.4% of @entity1 , respectively. The incidence of late sequelae was low (1.2% grade 2 frequency, 2.4% grade 2-3 @entity3833 , 2.4% grade 2-3 @entity811 , 2.4% grade 2-3 incontinence). @entity1 receiving 1,000 mg of @entity8503 experienced significantly lower @entity137 . The complete response rate, 3-year local control and disease specific survival rates were 86.6%, 56%, and 63%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: HypoARC is linked with low early and late radiation @entity137 , which is further reduced with the administration of high dose daily @entity8503 . The control and survival rates compare favorably with previously published data.

title: Treatment of invasive XXXX with conformal hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy and @entity8503 (HypoARC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of neuroleptic treatment on indexes of @entity935 and @entity750 function in @entity161 @entity1 . We hypothesized that neuroleptic treatment would be effective by changing @entity935 and @entity750 function and/or by altering their interaction. DESIGN: Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the metabolites of @entity935 ( @entity4926 , [ @entity3829 ]) and @entity750 ( @entity1130 , [ @entity5581 ]) were measured after a minimum drug-free period of two weeks and again after five weeks of treatment with @entity1767 , 20 mg/d orally. Psychiatric symptoms were rated within one day of CSF sampling. @entity1 : Sixteen @entity161 and three schizoaffective male inpatients. RESULTS: Neuroleptic treatment significantly raised @entity3829 concentrations and significantly increased the ratio between @entity3829 and @entity5581 . The increase in @entity3829 was not related to symptomatic improvement, whereas the increase in the @entity3829 / @entity5581 ratio was significantly correlated with reduction in overall symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the increase in @entity3829 is relative to @entity5581 , and not the absolute increase in @entity3829 , that is related to symptomatic improvement. This, in turn, suggests that changing @entity935 function relative to @entity750 function, rather than changing @entity935 per se, is associated with the therapeutic effect of @entity1767 . Exploring @entity750 - @entity935 interactions in @entity161 may be more informative than examining each system in isolation.

title: Effect of neuroleptic medication on cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentrations in XXXX . @entity750 - @entity935 interactions as a target for treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Anticonvulsants are widely used in the treatment of @entity9 , and are assumed to act preferentially on lancinating, shooting @entity158 . In the present study, the effects of @entity2682 , a novel anticonvulsant, were evaluated systematically on both spontaneous and evoked @entity158 in 18 @entity1 with @entity1897 or central lesions. @entity2682 was administered orally in gradually increasing doses up to a maximum of 2,400 mg/day. Evaluations of spontaneous ongoing and @entity158 , @entity1931 and @entity1931 were performed at the beginning of the study ('baseline') and 6 weeks after the steady-state dose had been reached. Quantitative sensory tests were used to measure detection and @entity158 thresholds to mechanical and thermal stimuli and the responses to suprathreshold stimuli. @entity2682 induced a moderate and statistically significant relief of ongoing spontaneous @entity158 and was particularly effective in reducing @entity158 . A striking finding was the significant effect on brush-induced and @entity1931 . In contrast, no effects were observed on detection and @entity158 thresholds to static mechanical and hot stimuli. Side effects were generally minor and did not interfere with everyday activities. The present study suggests that @entity2682 has preferential antihyperalgesic and/or antiallodynic effects, and is equally effective in @entity158 due to @entity1897 and central lesions.

title: Effects of XXXX on the different components of peripheral and central @entity9 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'cold allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin', 'Gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['gabapentin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the rate of visually significant @entity16433 formation after @entity231 surgery for Australian Aborigines living in rural or remote areas in the 'Top End' of the Northern Territory, Australia, and then to assess these @entity1 ' outcomes after capsulotomy. METHODS: Aboriginal @entity1 living in remote areas of the Top End of the Northern Territory who underwent @entity231 surgery between 1994 and 1999 were identified from records at the three major hospitals in the region. The presence of @entity16433 ( @entity16433 ) was determined by clinical examination. The primary endpoint for this study was the presence of axial @entity3236 of the posterior capsule and the need for subsequent Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy to improve sight. Linear regression analysis of the time from surgery to follow up and the number of eyes requiring Nd:YAG capsulotomy was performed. Operated eyes were grouped according to the interval between surgery and follow up (Group 1: follow up within 1 year of surgery, n= 25; Group 2: follow up 1-3 years after surgery, n= 42; Group 3: follow up 3-5 years after surgery, n= 51). RESULTS: One hundred and eighteen operated eyes were examined. Eyes in Group 3 were found to have the highest incidence of visually significant @entity16433 (27.5%). There were more eyes requiring capsulotomy after 3 years than after 1 year following surgery. Linear regression analysis revealed an odds ratio of 1.4 (P = 0.07). All nine eyes in the 1-3 year group that had developed visually significant @entity16433 had undergone extra-capsular @entity231 extraction. CONCLUSIONS: For the remote Aboriginal @entity1 who has undergone @entity231 surgery, there is a relatively minor chance of developing @entity16433 within the first postoperative year regardless of the type of surgery undertaken. This study illustrates that the longer the time after surgery the greater the chance of developing visually significant @entity16433 . For the remote Aboriginal @entity1 there is a high chance (approximately 28%) of developing visually significant @entity16433 within 5 years after @entity231 surgery. These figures are lower than those reported from other parts of Australia.

title: Posterior capsule @entity3236 after @entity231 surgery in remote Australian Aboriginal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['opacification']

entities_list: @entity16433 :: ('MESH:D057851', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsular opacification', 'PCO']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In @entity238 , over 50 genes have been identified in which loss-of-function mutations lead to excess cell proliferation in the embryo, in the central nervous system, imaginal discs or hematopoietic organs of the larva, or in the adult gonads. Twenty-two of these genes have been cloned and characterized at the molecular level, and nine of them show clear homology to @entity1 genes. Most of these @entity1 genes had not been previously implicated in cell proliferation control. Overgrowth in some of the mutants involves conversion to a cell type that, in normal development, shows more cell proliferation than the original cell type. Thus the neurogenic mutants, including Notch, show conversion of epidermal cells to neuroblasts, leading to the 'neurogenic' phenotype of excess nervous tissue. The @entity43 mutants show conversion of the female germ line to a cell type resembling the male germ line, which undergoes more proliferation than the female germ line. Mutations of the fat locus cause hyperplastic overgrowth of imaginal discs, in which the epithelial structure is largely intact. The predicted fat protein product is a giant relative of cadherins, supporting indications from @entity1 @entity5 that cadherins play an important role in @entity5 suppression. Mutations in the lethal(2)giant larvae and lethal(1)discs large genes cause neoplastic overgrowth of imaginal discs as well as the larval brain. The dlg gene encodes a membrane-associated guanylate kinase homolog that is localized at septate junctions between epithelial cells. This protein is a member of a family of homologs that also includes two proteins found at @entity1 tight junctions ( @entity19171 ) and a protein found at @entity1 synaptic junctions ( @entity16689 / @entity16689 ). Genes in which mutations cause blood cell overproduction include aberrant immune response-8, which encodes the @entity19172 ribosomal protein and hopscotch, which encodes a putative non-receptor protein @entity669 kinase. The gene products identified by @entity43 mutants do not show clear @entity535 sequence homology to known proteins. @entity238 provides an opportunity to rapidly identify and characterize @entity5 suppressor genes, many of which have @entity1 homologs that might also be involved in cell proliferation control and @entity5 suppression.

title: XXXX in @entity5 research: the first fifty @entity5 suppressor genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity5 cell dissemination to distant organs accounts for the majority of @entity5 related @entity204 . Analysis of the stepwise process of @entity3 formation and progression might provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of disseminated @entity5 . However, studies with both biological and therapeutic endpoints would require highly sensitive and specific methods for precise quantification of the @entity3 burden in vivo. We have developed a quantitative real-time PCR-based assay for the detection and quantification of @entity1 @entity5 cells disseminated in @entity19 organs. The method relies on the parallel amplification of unique, species-specific, conserved and non-transcribed sequences in the @entity19 and @entity1 genomes. We tested the method in xenograft models to assess the metastatic potential of various @entity5 cell lines, the impact of injection modality and cell type on organ distribution, and the early stages of @entity3 implantation and progression. With this method, we observed clear quantitative differences among @entity694 cell lines in terms of @entity3 formation in the lung, consistent with the different in vitro growth properties. The mode of cell implantation and cell intrinsic properties strongly affected the metastatic pattern of prostate and @entity0 cell lines in @entity19 organs. The qPCR assay accurately determined the malignant cell burden even at early stages of @entity3 progression in the lung. We describe a very sensitive assay for the highly reproducible detection and accurate quantification of @entity1 metastatic cells in @entity19 tissues and demonstrate its broad applicability to various experimental settings.

title: A sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based method for detection and quantification of @entity3 in XXXX xenograft @entity19 models.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) exacerbations have a negative impact on the quality of life of @entity1 and the evolution of the disease. We have investigated the prognostic value of several health-related quality of life questionnaires to predict the appearance of a composite event (new ambulatory or emergency exacerbation, hospitalization, or @entity204 ) over a 1-year follow-up. METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study. @entity1 completed four questionnaires after recovering from an exacerbation ( @entity1030 Assessment Test [CAT], a Clinical @entity1030 Questionnaire [CCQ], @entity1030 Severity Score [COPDSS], and Airways Questionnaire [AQ20]). @entity1 were followed-up until the appearance of the composite event or for 1 year, whichever came first. RESULTS: A total of 497 @entity1 were included in the study. The majority of them were @entity1 (89.7%), with a mean age of 68.7 (SD 9.2) years, and a forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 47.1% (SD 17.5%). A total of 303 (61%) @entity1 experienced a composite event. @entity1 with an event had worse mean scores of all questionnaires at baseline compared to @entity1 without event: CAT=12.5 vs 11.3 (P=0.028); CCQ=2.2 vs 1.9 (P=0.013); COPDSS=12.3 vs 10.9 (P=0.001); AQ20=8.3 vs 7.5 (P=0.048). In the multivariate analysis, only previous history of exacerbations and CAT score >= 13.5 were significant risk factors for the composite event. A CAT score >= 13.5 increased the predictive value of previous exacerbations with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.864 (95% CI: 0.829-0.899; P=0.001). CONCLUSION: The predictive value of previous exacerbations significantly increased only in one of the four trialled questionnaires, namely in the CAT questionnaire. However, previous history of exacerbations was the strongest predictor of the composite event.

title: The @entity1030 assessment test improves the predictive value of previous exacerbations for poor outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aggressive glycemic control improves mortality and morbidity in critically ill adults; however, implementation of such a strategy can be logistically difficult. This study evaluates the efficiency and safety of a nurse-managed @entity2690 protocol in critically ill adults. DESIGN: Combined retrospective-prospective before-after cohort study. SETTING: Twenty-one bed medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : Two cohorts of 50 consecutive ICU @entity1 requiring @entity2690 infusions. INTERVENTION: @entity1 in the control cohort received @entity2690 infusions titrated according to target blood @entity413 ranges and sliding scales at the physician's discretion. @entity1 in the interventional cohort received an @entity2690 infusion adjusted using a standardized protocol targeting a blood @entity413 of 4.5 to 6.1 mmol/L (81 to 110 mg/dL). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Efficiency was measured by comparing the time to reach, and the time spent within, the target range between cohorts. Safety was assessed by comparing the incidence of severe @entity4053 , the frequency of rescue @entity413 administration, and the cumulative time that the infusion was held for @entity4053 between cohorts. @entity1 in the interventional cohort reached their target more rapidly (11.3   7.9 vs 16.4    12.6 hours; p = .028) and maintained their blood @entity413 within the target range longer (11.5    3.7 vs 7.1    5.0 hours/day; p < .001) than controls. The standardized protocol yielded a 4-fold reduction in the incidence of severe @entity4053 (4 vs 16%; p = .046) and reduced the median frequency of dextrose rescue therapy (0 [0 to 0.91] vs 0.17 [0 to 1.2] episodes/ @entity1 per day; p = .01) as compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Standardization of intensive @entity2690 therapy improves the efficiency and safety of glycemic control in critically ill adults.

title: Standardization of IV @entity2690 Therapy Improves the Efficiency and Safety of Blood XXXX Control in Critically Ill Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Madagascar, as it is the first cause of morbidity in health care facilities. Its transmission remains poorly documented. An entomological study was carried out over 1 year (October 2003-September 2004) in Saharevo, a village located at an altitude of 900m on the eastern edge of the Malagasy central highlands. Mosquitoes were sampled weekly upon landing on @entity1 volunteers and in various resting-places. Out of 5515 mosquitoes collected on @entity1 , 3219 (58.4%) were anophelines. Eleven anopheline species were represented, among which @entity314 , @entity313 , Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles mascarensis. Out of 677 mosquitoes collected in bedrooms by pyrethrum spray catches and in @entity558 , 656 (96.9%) were anopheline belonging to these four latter species. The proportion of mosquitoes that fed on @entity1 varied according to the resting-places and the mosquito species: 86% of An. funestus resting in bedrooms fed on @entity1 , whereas only 16% of An. funestus and 0% of An. mascarensis resting in pits fed on @entity1 . The proportion of anopheline mosquitoes infected with @entity1 Plasmodium was measured by circumsporozoite protein-ELISA: 10/633 An. funestus (1.58%), 1/211 An. gambiae s.l. (0.48%) and 2/268 An. mascarensis (0.75%). The annual entomological inoculation rate (number of bites of infected anophelines per adult) was estimated at 2.78. The transmission was mainly due to An. funestus and only observed in the second half of the rainy season, from February to May. These results are discussed in the context of the current @entity311 vector control policy in Madagascar.

title: Anthropophilic mosquitoes and XXXX transmission in the eastern foothills of the central highlands of Madagascar.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity314 :: ('62324', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles funestus']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Muirhead-Thomson pits']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the last 20 years, high dose therapy followed by hemopoietic stem cell transplantation has been employed in @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). During 16 years of follow-up, the degree of @entity5 response and survival in 238 @entity1 with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and changes in the serum protein electrophoretic pattern were analyzed. METHODS: Agarose gel electrophoresis with densitometric analysis and immunofixation were performed to evaluate serum monoclonal protein. IgM, IgA, IgG and @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) were quantitated. Urine protein electrophoresis with IF was performed on cellulose @entity598 gel using colloidal @entity575 staining without concentrating. RESULTS: After 34 months of follow-up (range 1-160 months), eight @entity1 (3.4%) showed a distinct monoclonal protein band that was different from their original isotype switch. This was observed to be a transient phenomenon (22.2 months). Thirty-seven @entity1 (15.5%) developed @entity2372 ( @entity2372 ) between the first and the twentieth month after ASCT (mean 4.4 months), which persisted for 7.9 months (1-36 months). The mean overall survival time was statistically different (p<0.05) between the group with @entity2372 and the group without them. Mean values of serum albumin, @entity2262 , and non-involved immunoglobulins did not show statistical differences. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of @entity2372 could be a potential favorable prognostic marker after transplantation due to the prolonged survival observed. Close follow-up of anomalous protein bands, either in serum or urine, is essential due to the additional difficulty in interpretation when the therapeutic response and evolution are evaluated.

title: Oligoclonal bands and immunoglobulin isotype switch during monitoring of @entity1 with XXXX and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: a 16-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['OB', 'oligoclonal bands']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2M', 'beta(2)-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about safety of antipsychotic therapy for @entity933 in the coronary care unit (CCU). Our aim was to examine the effect of @entity933 and antipsychotic therapy among CCU @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Pre-study Confusion Assessment Method-Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) criteria were implemented in screening consecutive @entity1 admitted to a referral CCU from 2004-2013. @entity204 status was prospectively ascertained. Of 11,079 study @entity1 , the incidence of @entity933 was 8.3% (n=925). @entity933 was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-2.08; p=0.02) and one-year mortality among @entity1 who survived from CCU admission (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.46; 95% CI, 1.12-1.87; p=0.005). A total of 792 doses of @entity1767 (5 mg/day; interquartile range (IQR) 3-10) or @entity1089 (25 mg/day; IQR 13-50) were given to 244 @entity1 with @entity933 . The clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity933 who did and did not receive antipsychotic therapy were not different (baseline corrected QT (QTc) interval 457  58 ms vs 459  60 ms, respectively; p=0.65). In comparison to baseline, mean QTc intervals after the first and third doses of the antipsychotics were not significantly prolonged in @entity1767 (448  56, 458  57 and 450  50 ms, respectively) or @entity1089 groups (470  66, 467  68 and 462  46 ms, respectively) (p>0.05 for all). Additionally, in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.42-1.04; p=0.07), @entity943 (adjusted OR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.17-3.62; p=0.85) and one-year mortality among the hospital survivors (adjusted HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.62-1.17; p=0.34) were not different in @entity1 with @entity933 irrespective of whether or not they received antipsychotics. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 admitted to the CCU, @entity933 was associated with an increase in both in-hospital and one-year mortality. Low doses of @entity1767 and @entity1089 appeared to be safe, without an increase in risk of @entity1164 , in-hospital mortality, or one-year mortality in carefully monitored @entity1 .

title: Clinical impact of XXXX and antipsychotic therapy: 10-Year experience from a referral coronary care unit.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: Although relating to very different concepts, @entity25 and @entity1295 are often confounded. However, both @entity1295 -associated conditions such as the @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) and @entity25 such as the @entity27 ( @entity27 ) are associated with @entity73 with impaired attention, concentration and memory performances. Fifteen pure @entity5815 @entity1 , without primary @entity25 or clinically relevant @entity25 , were compared to 15 untreated @entity27 @entity1 , without clinically relevant @entity1295 , and to 16 healthy controls of similar age. The auditory verbal learning test (AVLT), digit span, digit symbol and finger tapping test (FTT) were used as cognitive and behavioural measures. In addition we assessed daytime EEG spectral power and @entity3493 evoked potentials. With exception for the digit span, all tests showed lower performances in @entity1 groups. Recall on the AVLT did not differ between the two @entity1 groups, but the digit and symbol spans showed more severe impairment in @entity27 @entity1 . Psychomotor performance on the FTT presented with slower hit rates in @entity27 than in @entity5815 . EEG theta power was highest in @entity5815 @entity1 . @entity3493 latencies and amplitudes did not differ between groups. Fatigue- and @entity25 can both present with significant and objective @entity73 and behavioural motor performance. In our sample @entity73 and @entity1155 performance were worse when associated to @entity25 in @entity27 than with @entity1295 in @entity5815 .

title: XXXX in @entity1295 and @entity25 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'impairment of cognitive functioning']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome', 'SAHS']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleep disorders', 'sleepiness-associated conditions']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: @entity14 recurs within the operative field in 10-20 per cent of @entity1 undergoing potentially curative surgery. In certain subgroups, the recurrence rate is 20-50 per cent. There are some data to suggest either preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy as an adjuvant to potentially curative surgery can reduce the local operative failure rate. However, since radiation therapy has significant side effects, @entity1 selection to maximize the therapeutic ratio is important. This report defines the criteria at the Massachusetts General Hospital for selection of @entity1 with @entity14 for adjuvant radiation therapy, defines radiation therapy-surgery sequencing alternatives used, and describes techniques to reduce radiation side effects. Over a period of three and a half years, 196 @entity1 received adjuvant radiation therapy: 51 @entity1 received either moderate or low dose preoperative radiation therapy to @entity5 , and 161 @entity1 received postoperative radiation therapy to the pelvis or extrapelvic @entity694 -lymph node beds. Some @entity1 who received low-dose preoperative radiation therapy also received moderate-dose postoperative radiation therapy. We prefer moderate-dose postoperative radiation therapy as the approach most likely to decrease the local recurrence rate with minimal interference with surgical procedures and @entity29 . @entity1 who received postoperative radiation therapy were those without distant metastases, whose @entity5 pathology revealed @entity5 penetration into extraperitoneal tissues. Careful case selection, multiple field techniques, the use of reperitonealization, omental flaps, and retroversion of the uterus into the pelvis were combined with postoperative small-bowel x-rays, @entity1494 , and lateral portals to minimize radiation damage to normal structures.

title: Selective use of adjuvant radiation therapy in resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder distention']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic or extensive microscopic transmural tumor', 'rectal or rectosigmoid cancers', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['late small-bowel complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic tumor']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The adoptive transfer of immune T cells has been demonstrated to mediate regression of established @entity5 in animals, with encouraging results in @entity1 clinical trials. In animal studies, lymph nodes (LN) draining a progressively growing @entity5 contain @entity5 -sensitized but functionally deficient T cells. These "preeffector" cells can be activated in vitro by sequential stimulation with anti- @entity5168 and @entity2047 to differentiate into mature effector cells capable of mediating the regression of disseminated @entity5 . However, the preeffector cell response is weak during the growth of poorly immunogenic @entity5 such as the B16-BL6 @entity320 . In this study, a clone of B16-BL6, A9, was transfected with the cDNA encoding for @entity19 @entity58 , in an attempt to enhance @entity5 immunogenicity. @entity58 secreting clones grew significantly slower than controls after intradermal (i.d.) inoculation, but all animals eventually succumbed to the progressive @entity5 . The ability of @entity58 -secreting @entity5 cells to stimulate a preeffector cell response was then investigated. LN draining the @entity58 -secreting @entity5 for 10 days were activated by the anti- @entity5168 / @entity2047 method. The resulting lymphocytes were adoptively transferred into animals bearing 3-day established parental pulmonary metastases. The transfer of cells derived from sensitization with the @entity58 -secreting @entity5 was capable of significantly reducing the numbers of pulmonary metastases more effectively than cells sensitized to the parental @entity5 . Thus, genetic modification of @entity5 cells to secrete @entity58 can stimulate an increase in the preeffector cell response in the @entity5 -draining LN, suggesting an enhancement in T-cell-mediated immune function against the parental @entity5 .

title: Enhancement of immune reactivity in the lymph nodes draining a @entity19 XXXX engineered to elaborate @entity58 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'immunogenic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Prospectively, 43 @entity1 with @entity30 (41 clinically active, 2 clinically inactive) and 7 @entity1 with @entity1744 were examined by 111In- @entity4344 -labelled leukocytes ('mixed' leukocyte preparations, n = 8; 'pure' granulocyte preparations, n = 42). The number of scintigraphically diagnosed inflamed bowel segments correlated significantly (r = 0.95, p less than 0.001) with the number of radiologically and endoscopically diagnosed segments. The exact localization of the diseased ileum may be difficult by scintigraphy. One complicating abscess and two fistulas were correctly diagnosed. The percentage of fecal excretion of radiolabelled leukocytes is highly specific for intestinal @entity32 . It correlates significantly with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = +0.69, p less than 0.001), serum albumin (r = -0.54, p less than 0.001), orosomucoid (r = +0.65, p less than 0.001), and with the A.I. (van Hees) (r = +0.67, p less than 0.001). In the follow-up of 9 @entity1 , the percentage of fecal excretion decreased or increased more rapidly, but in correlation with the CDAI, A.I., or ESR. The authors conclude that this method is an alternative to common methods and that it is superior in primary diagnosis in @entity1 with severe @entity29 , @entity733 , and after surgery. After clinical and biopsy-proven diagnosis of @entity30 , the special value of the leukocyte scan lies in the noninvasive follow-up of @entity1 and its potential of localizing inflamed bowel segments and assessing disease activity.

title: 111In- @entity4344 -labelled white blood cells in the diagnosis and follow-up of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammations']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['disease, bowel stenosis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']