abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity11 ( @entity11 ) have a poor prognosis with median survival reported as 9 months. The failure of systemic chemotherapy to improve prognosis may be due to inadequate penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has the potential to improve outcomes by facilitating bypass of the BBB. We describe the first use of @entity3003 for the treatment of advanced @entity11 using a robot-guided catheter implantation technique. METHODS: A 5-year-old @entity1 presented with a pontine @entity66 . The @entity5 continued to progress despite radiotherapy. Using an in-house modification to neuroinspire stereotactic planning software (Renishaw @entity9294 ., Gloucestershire, UK), the @entity5 volume was calculated as 43.6 ml. A transfrontal trajectory for catheter implantation was planned facilitating the in-house manufacture of a recessed-step catheter. The catheter was implanted using a neuromate robot (Renishaw @entity9294 ., Gloucestershire, UK). The initial infusion of @entity3003 (0.09 mg/ml) was commenced with real-time T2-weighted MRI, facilitating estimation of the volume of infusate distribution. Infusions were repeated on a total of 5 days. RESULTS: The catheter implantation and infusions were well tolerated. A total volume of 49.8 ml was delivered over 5 days. T2-weighted MRI on completion of the final infusion demonstrated signal change through a total volume of 35.1 ml, representing 95 % of the targeted @entity5 volume. Follow-up at 4 weeks revealed clinical signs of improvement and increased T2 signal change throughout the volume of distribution. However, there was @entity5 progression in the regions outside the volume of distribution. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates the feasibility of accurately and safely delivering small-diameter catheters to the brainstem using a robot-guided implantation procedure, and real-time MRI tracking of infusate distribution.

title: Robot-guided convection-enhanced delivery of XXXX for advanced @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma', 'DIPG']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Constitutive low-level @entity2176 resistance is found intrinsically in certain enterococcal species and is encoded by vanC ligase genes. These intrinsically @entity2176 -resistant enterococci (VRE) will be referred to as VANC VRE. A prospective study to determine the clinical and epidemiologic significance of VANC VRE was conducted. VANC VRE were recovered from the stools of 34 of 601 (5.7%) @entity1 , a rate similar to that obtained for the stools of 100 outpatients in the community (5%). VANC VRE were also isolated from the nonstool specimens of 9 of 538 @entity1 (1.7%), including two @entity1 with @entity2259 . No VRE of the vanA or vanB genotypes were detected in nonstool specimens. Eighty-two hospital contacts of the first 23 @entity1 found to be colonized or infected with VANC VRE were screened, and 6 contacts were found to be gastrointestinal carriers of VANC VRE. However, typing of isolates from these 6 contacts by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with SmaI showed the isolates to be unique and different from those recovered from the index @entity1 . In fact, all VANC VRE isolates from different @entity1 in this study were unique. A case-control study with @entity1 who were negative when screened for VANC VRE as controls failed to identify any risk factor associated with colonization or infection with this organism. VANC VRE were infrequently recovered from clinical specimens but were occasionally found as part of the normal stool flora. Since no transmission between @entity1 was documented, additional isolation procedures may not be necessary for @entity1 colonized or infected with VANC VRE.

title: Clinical and epidemiological significance of enterococci intrinsically resistant to XXXX (possessing the vanC genotype)

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: Sz. S. a 39-years-old @entity1 was referred to our department in 1968. @entity1 's @entity409 , @entity158 and substantial weight loss was due to a combined genuine and acquired @entity2632 aggravated by a marked difference between the size of the lower and upper jaw bones. The premolars and molars had already been extracted. The lower incisors bit onto the @entity2419 in centric occlusion causing direct mechanical irritation on the palate. Consequently the centric occlusion position of the mandible was only defined by the contact between the lower central incisors and the palatal soft tissue. According to the literature this kind of defect can only be corrected by a combined surgical prosthodontic therapy (increasing the mandibular arch by vertical osteotomy combined with bone grafting followed by complex prosthodontic reconstruction). Because @entity1 refused any kind of surgical treatment a special upper full arch bridge was constructed with an extended occlusal surface on the palatal surfaces of the front crowns to provide full occlusal contact for the mandibular anterior teeth. The OVD was raised by 11 mm. The present paper reports the history of a 31 years long prosthodontic treatment and @entity1 's follow up. It is shown how the correct centric occlusion, the masticatory functions, the phonetics and also the esthetics could have been maintained by a series of gradually changing fixed restorations meeting the demands imposed by the continuing @entity2524 .

title: [Prosthodontic correction of severe XXXX combined with dimensional discrepancy of the upper and lower dental arch. 31 years follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['masticatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['deep vertical overbite']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatal gingiva']

answer: @entity2632 :: (MESH:D057887,Disease) :: ['deep vertical overbite']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of continuous limited fluid resuscitation on the hemodynamic response and survival in @entity35 in a model of uncontrolled @entity548 due to massive @entity130 ( @entity130 ) and @entity542 ( @entity542 ). DESIGN: An experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Dicle University Animal Research Laboratory, @entity233 , between January and February 2005. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy @entity35 were used in this study. Group 1 @entity35 (n=10) was sham-operated. In group 2 (n=10), only @entity130 ( @entity130 ) was performed and untreated. In group 3 (n=10), only @entity542 ( @entity542 ) was performed and untreated. In group 4 (n=10), @entity542 and @entity130 were performed and were untreated. In group 5 (n=10), @entity542 and @entity130 were performed and 15 minutes later treated with 7.5% @entity1219 . In group 6 (n=10), @entity542 and @entity130 were performed, and @entity35 were treated with Ringer's Lactate (RL) solution. In group 7 (n=10), @entity542 and @entity130 were performed, @entity35 were treated with 0.9 % @entity1219 . In groups 2,4,5,6 and 7 midline incision was reopened and splenectomy was performed at 45 minutes. RESULTS: In group 4 @entity35 , Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) was decreased from 104 +/- 6.1 mmHg to 75 +/- 19.5 mmHg at 15 minutes; heart rate decreased from 357 +/- 24.9 beats/min to 321 +/- 62.1 beats/min and hematocrit decreased from 46 +/- 1.3 % to 43 +/- 2.5 % (p<0.01). Similar early changes in MAP, heart rate and hematocrit were observed in groups 5, 6, and 7, at 15 minutes. At 45,60 and 120 minutes, in fluid resuscitated @entity35 (group 5,6,7) MAP, heart rate and hematocrit values were measured higher than group 2 and 4 (p<0.01 for all). At 120 min. in group 6, hematocrit was higher than group 4, 5 and 7, in group 6, total @entity190 after splenectomy was calculated at 20 +/- 2.4% of blood volume and was the best value compared to other fluid resuscitated group 5 and 7 (28% and 27% of blood volume) (p<0.01). Mortality was lower in all fluid resuscitated groups when compared to group 3 and 4 (p<0.05). The median survival time was again higher in fluid resuscitated groups. CONCLUSION: Continuous infusion of 7.5% @entity1219 , RL and 0.9 % @entity1219 following uncontrolled @entity548 with massive @entity130 and combined @entity542 resulted in better survival and RL did not increase abdominal bleeding before splenectomy was performed.

title: Continuous infusion of small-volume fluid resuscitation in the treatment of combined uncontrolled @entity548 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage shock', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury', 'HI']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'Massive Splenic Injury', 'MSI']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: Forty @entity1 with metastatic, recurrent, or unresectable @entity1358 were entered into a study of the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy using periodate (IO4-) and @entity1199 ( @entity1199 )-activated autologous leukocytes and continuous infusion low-dose @entity1199 . @entity1 survival was also examined. The first 15 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled in protocol A without an @entity1199 priming phase and the following 25 @entity1 were entered in protocol B where a 5-day priming phase was initiated before leukapheresis. A maintenance regimen consisted of either 3 x 10(6) units of recombinant interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha), three times per week only or together with leukapheresis and infusion of IO4-/ @entity1199 -activated cells and 2 days of continuous infusion @entity1199 per month. Thirty-four @entity1 completed the protocol treatment. Four @entity1 were removed from the study owing to rapid @entity5 progression and two @entity1 died while receiving treatment. The clinical response rate was 22%: two @entity1 had a complete response and five @entity1 had a partial response. Among the 25 @entity1 who had no clinical response, 11 @entity1 had either a mixed response or stabilization. Neither response, response duration, nor site response correlated with the total dose of @entity1199 administered or the number of activated killer cells infused. @entity1 who received maintenance therapy had longer survival times than @entity1 who did not receive such therapy. All @entity137 and side effects associated with @entity1199 treatment were transient and resolved after discontinuation of the drug. @entity1 on maintenance therapy tolerated both rIFN-alpha and monthly infusions of activated killer cells and @entity1199 well. This study confirms the concept of adoptive immunotherapy as a new treatment approach for advanced @entity1358 and suggests that maintenance therapy may prolong survival time.

title: A phase II clinical trial of adoptive immunotherapy for advanced XXXX using mitogen-activated autologous leukocytes and continuous infusion @entity1199 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of two dose regimens of @entity28015 (CAS 69739-16-8, @entity28015 ) in hospitalized @entity1 with lower respiratory tract @entity281 were assessed in two consecutive studies. Sputum bacteriology, chest X-ray and a safety laboratory check were performed at baseline and after therapy. In order to compensate for the lack of a double-blind design the evaluation was conducted as a clinical intention-to-treat analysis. 32 @entity1 (16 males, 16 females, mean age: 64 years) were admitted to study A and 42 subjects (30 males, 12 females, mean age: 66 years) to study B. The dosage regimens of @entity28015 were 1 g b.i.d. (median 7 days) in study A and 2 g once daily (median 6 days) in study B. Parenchymal involvement was confirmed by chest X-ray in 56% of the @entity1 in study A and 64% in study B, the remainder @entity1 had acute exacerbations of @entity3311 with reasonable evidence of @entity2348 . The most frequent pathogens were @entity328 and @entity6728 spp. The clinical cure rate was 97% in study A and 88% in study B. Eradication rates were 100% and 94%, respectively. No superinfection occurred. No adverse reactions were observed. In conclusion, a single daily injection of @entity28015 2 g achieved similar clinical and bacteriological cure rates to the standard dose regimen of 1 g b.i.d.

title: @entity28015 given in single or divided doses for the treatment of lower respiratory tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The Shrunken gene, located on the short arm of chromosome 9 of @entity2829 , encodes the enzyme @entity969 synthase (EC 2.4.1.13). The gene is known to be expressed in the endosperm of the developing @entity2829 kernel and seems to be involved in @entity969 breakdown prior to starch synthesis. We have analyzed different tissues of the @entity2829 plant for transcripts of the Shrunken gene and have found rather high transcription rates in the etiolated shoot and the primary root of the germinating kernel. If the etiolated seedlings are illuminated, the transcript level drops by about 95% in the greening plant parts (1st and 2nd leaves) which are active in photosynthesis. A very low transcript level is found in mature green leaves where @entity969 is formed from products of photosynthesis via a separate pathway. Upon anaerobic stress of the young seedling, the level of Shrunken transcripts increases 10 and 20 times in shoot and root tissue respectively. Apparently anaerobic induction supersedes the negative control that is observed after illumination in the 1st and 2nd leaves. From the experiments outlined here we conclude that the anaerobic protein 87 (ANP87, Hake et al. 1985) is encoded by the Shrunken locus. While the expression of the Shrunken gene varies in different tissues and in response to external stimuli, transcription of the second @entity969 synthase (B) gene seems to be irresponsive to anaerobic stress and to be expressed at a similar low level in all of the tissues examined.

title: The Shrunken gene on chromosome 9 of XXXX is expressed in various plant tissues and encodes an anaerobic protein.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['Zea mays L']


abstract: @entity403 (+) regulatory T cells (Treg) play a crucial role in regulating immune tolerance. The use of Treg to restore immune tolerance is considered an attractive novel approach to inhibit @entity792 , including @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), and to prevent rejection of organ transplants. In view of the goal of developing autologous Treg-based cell therapy for @entity1 with long-term (>15 years) @entity1723 , it will be necessary to expand a sufficient amount of functional Treg in vitro in order to study and compare Treg from @entity1723 @entity1 and healthy subjects. Our results have demonstrated that there is a comparable frequency of Treg in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of @entity1 with long-term @entity1723 relative to those in healthy subjects; however, Th1 cells, but not Th17 cells, were increased in the @entity1723 @entity1 . Further, more Treg in PBLs from @entity1723 @entity1 than from healthy subjects expressed the @entity1195 RO(+) memory cell phenotype, suggesting they were antigen-experienced cells. After isolation, Treg from both @entity1723 @entity1 and healthy subjects were successfully expanded with high purity. Although there was no difference in Helios expression on Treg in PBLs, in vitro expansion led to fewer Helios-expressing Treg from @entity1723 @entity1 than healthy subjects. While more Th1-like Treg expressing @entity379 or @entity310 were found in the PBLs of @entity1723 @entity1 than healthy controls, there was no such difference in the expanded Treg. Importantly, expanded Treg from both subject groups were able to suppress autologous or allogeneic @entity405 (+) effector T cells equally well. Our findings demonstrate that a large number of ex vivo expanded functional Treg can be obtained from long-term @entity1723 @entity1 , although fewer expanded Treg expressed a high level of Helios. Thus, based on the positive outcomes, these potent expanded Treg from diabetic @entity1 @entity1 may be useful in treating @entity1723 or preventing islet graft rejection.

title: XXXX + Treg expanded from @entity1 with established diabetes reduce Helios expression while retaining normal function compared to healthy individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity403 :: (50943,Gene) :: ['Foxp3']


abstract: @entity1 neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) elastase was purified by affinity chromatography to greater than 95% homogeneity as judged by disc-gel electrophoresis. @entity235 lung elastin was prepared from alveolar-enriched tissue by prior extraction of soluble and collagenous lung proteins with 0.1 M @entity6674 at 98 degrees C. Digestion of the remaining insoluble residue by the purified PMN enzyme was monitored by Lowry assay of acid-soluble peptides released. The PMN enzyme possessed 60% of the digestive activity of crystallized porcine pancreatic elastase (weight:weight comparison) when tested in vitro against this substrate in @entity1391 - @entity1219 buffer at pH 7.5. Whole tissue studies were then performed in lungs of laboratory animals. One-ml samples containing purified @entity11891 were instilled into lavaged and saline-perfused isolated @entity235 lung at the level of the sixth to seventh generation bronchus. Treatment with 384 mug of the PMN enzyme produced anatomic @entity2415 after a 90-min incubation at room temperature, which was comparable to that produced by 100 mug of porcine pancreatic elastase. Frozen sections of treated and control lungs were examined for the presence of @entity11891 by the indirect immunoperoxidase method using a monospecific rabbit antiserum against @entity11891 as the primary stain. Light microscopy revealed elastase bound to connective tissue in the treated lungs, in close proximity to @entity264 -fuchsin-counterstained elastic fibers. A similar experiment was tn of enzyme solutions containing 1;0 mg of elastase per ml produced discrete lesions within 90 min, as before. Light microscopic studies in conjunction with the indirect immunoperoxidase staining method again demonstrated elastase in association with connective tissue elements in the lesion area. In addition, part of the instilled protease could be demonstrated within alveolar macrophages. Electron microscopy combined with immunoperoxidase staining revealed direct attachment of th einstilled enzyme to elastic fibers within @entity133 . In enzyme-treated tissue, some septa showed severe depletion of intercellular structures with the exception of colalgen, which was generally preserved. These results show that @entity1 leukocyte elastase penetrated @entity235 alveolar septal connective tissue after airway instillation and that the enzyme attaches to elastic fibers, inducing histologic changes comparable to thos seen in @entity1 @entity2415 .

title: Experimental @entity2415 induced with purified XXXX neutrophil elastase: tissue localization of the instilled protease.

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar septa']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Due to an increase in age of the @entity1 population in cardiac surgery, cerebral complications are increasing in frequency, also as a cause of @entity204 . In order to reveal cerebral pathology associated with a fatal outcome after cardiac surgery, we re-evaluated the cast angiographs and medico-legal autopsy documents of 144 adult cardiac surgery subjects over a 7-year period. Special attention was paid to the ability of post-mortem cast angiography to @entity3224 in diagnosing cerebral pathology. The autopsy detected new @entity2806 in 29 (20%) cases, of which 22 (15.3%) were recent infarcts, and 7 were cases of @entity75 . Of the recent @entity385 , 12 were associated with @entity5892 , 4 showed multiple lesions, and the remaining 6 were small single infarcts. In addition, one subject had an @entity1779 and 72 (50%) @entity2657 . By cast angiography, the leakage of contrast medium in the case of @entity1779 and stenoses of intracranial and cervical arteries could be well demonstrated and also revealed 17 (77%) of the 22 recent @entity385 . It was found to be suitable for detecting recent brain infarcts associated with main @entity5892 , with a sensitivity of 92% (11 out of 12 cases), but was less sensitive in showing small recent infarcts with a sensitivity of 60% (6 out of 10 cases) and inferior for the older ones where none of the 6 cases were detected. Filling defects caused by @entity2657 were difficult to differentiate from technical errors and were encountered in 7 (4.8%) cases. A significant predictor for the 29 recent ischemic @entity75 was perioperative @entity551 . The immediate cause of @entity204 was most often of cardiac (83%) and cerebral (14%) origin. In 14 cases, @entity75 was considered to be an additional cause of @entity204 . The use of cerebral post-mortem cast angiography should be recommended, especially for its excellent ability to visualize intravascular pathology such as arterial stenoses and @entity715 , with a 92% sensitivity in showing new main cerebral artery @entity715 , before likely distortion of the vascular anatomy by dissection.

title: Cerebral cast angiography as an @entity3224 to medicolegal autopsies in cases of XXXX after adult cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damage', 'anoxic brain damage', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarcts']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the early and late results for @entity1 having operations for defects associated with @entity4263 with @entity713 . METHODS: Data on 111 @entity1 operated on from July 1, 1971, through January 31, 1996, including clinic records, operative reports, and follow-up visits and questionnaires, were analyzed with particular reference to variables associated with early and late mortality, reoperations, ventricular function, and status of the @entity340 . RESULTS: @entity154 were common and included @entity1147 right ventricle (n = 43) and @entity854 (n = 38). Overall early mortality was 16%; for the 29 @entity1 operated on after 1986, early mortality was 3%. Early survival was adversely affected by patch repair of @entity1757 and early operative interval. Follow-up of the 93 early survivors extended to 26.5 years (mean 11.4 years). Overall survival was 77% (+/-4%) at 5 years and 67% (+/-5%) at 10 years. Late survival was adversely affected by prior operations, more severe preoperative functional class, and cardiac rhythm other than sinus. Reoperation was required for 38 (41%) @entity1 , most commonly for conduit replacement (n = 22) or repair/replacement of the systemic ventricle atrioventricular valve (n = 13). CONCLUSIONS: These results can serve as a basis for comparison with newer surgical alternatives proposed for @entity4263 .

title: Early and late results of operations for defects associated with @entity4263 with XXXX in a pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Complex associated anomalies']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular discordance']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['situs abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['corrected transposition of the great arteries and other anomalies', 'corrected transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1147 :: ('MESH:D004310', 'Disease') :: ['double-outlet']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valves']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular discordance']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine, in addition to well-known prognostic factors, histological grade, stage, @entity5 size and multiplicity, the correlation of BTA stat Test on disease free interval (DFI) on primary superficial @entity150 . A total of 116 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity150 were evaluated in a prospective multicentre study. A voided urine sample was obtained prior to TURB and split for culture, cytology and BTA stat testing. Follow-up data for the @entity1 were collected until the first recurrence or the last visit and the DFI was analysed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis. Ninety-seven of the 116 (83.6%) @entity1 were eligible for analysis. The BTA stat Test was positive in 73 (75.3%) @entity1 , whereas cytology detected 20 (20.6%) cases. The DFI was found to be shorter among @entity1 with a positive BTA stat Test, and also among those with intermediate or high-grade @entity5 . The BTA stat Test result divided @entity1 with grade 2 @entity5 into two prognostic groups, in that those testing positive had 68.6% risk of recurrence during the first year compared to 42.9% risk of those with a negative test result (P = 0.041). Although the effect of @entity5 size on DFI was notable, the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.064). @entity5 was not related to DFI, nor was the difference between different stage of @entity5 of significance. BTA stat Test is not only sensitive in detection of primary @entity150 , but also might have some independent prognostic significance.

title: Prognostic utility of XXXX complement factor H related protein test (the BTA stat Test).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Number of tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The study of @entity238 by a combination of forward genetics with specific mutants, and reverse genetics, in which a given gene is expressed in an appropriate brain area to test its effect on behavior, provides a unique opportunity to explore the causal relationship between a particular gene, its function in the cell and the behavioral outcome at the organismic level. Enhanced male-to-male courtship has been shown to occur as a result of mutations in several different genes. For example, the Voila mutant exhibits intense GAL4 reporter expression in the @entity410 , suggesting the importance of tapping by a male on the female abdomen with his forelegs. Feminization of parts of the antennal lobe and mushroom body by targeted expression of a female-determining gene transformer+ ( @entity37616 +) drives the male to court other males. Mutations in the @entity37616 target gene fruitless (fru), which is expressed in the antennal lobe as well as the suboesophageal ganglion (the gustatory inputs are processed here), also induce homosexual courtship in males. These results suggest that sensory inputs mediated and/or processed by the tarsal receptors, suboesophageal ganglion, antennal lobe and mushroom body contribute to the regulation of male-female courtship. Mosaic analysis localized the neural center for male courtship behavior to the posterior dorsal brain, in which the sensory information processed by the aforementioned neural structures may be integrated. Another mosaic study mapped the neural center for female sexual behavior, as measured by her receptiveness to copulation, to the anterior dorsal brain. The issue as to how the mutations that reduce female sexual receptiveness, e.g. dissatisfaction (dsf), @entity42314 ( @entity42314 ) and chaste (cht), affect the structure and/or function of this neural center deserves to be addressed urgently.

title: Sexual behavior mutants revisited: molecular and cellular basis of XXXX mating.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['tarsal gustatory sensilla']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The importance of @entity1369 for @entity65 is well established. Most of the adverse effects seem to originate from its ability to produce @entity1317 , including @entity82 . It is currently under debate whether @entity1369 per se is able to induce @entity82 or whether it acts as a cofactor under pathological conditions. We tested whether @entity1369 per se and in the presence of reactive @entity26 stress ( @entity274 ) enhances collagen abundance in @entity1 aortic smooth muscle cell (HAoSMC) media in primary culture and, if so, by which means. Collagen abundance, as well as @entity470 ( @entity470 ) expression and @entity1366 phosphorylation, was investigated by ELISA and Western blot. Collagenase activity and @entity274 formation were determined by fluorometry and luminometry. @entity1369 alone did not affect collagen abundance but potentiated the stimulatory effect of low concentrations of @entity274 (1-10 micromol/l). This effect disappeared when shedding of membrane-bound @entity470 ligands was prevented by @entity718 . @entity470 expression and cellular EGF responsiveness were enhanced by @entity1369 . Inhibition of the @entity470 kinase (tyrphostin @entity20830 ) prevented the increase of collagen. The increase in collagen abundance was prevented by blockade of the @entity38825 ( @entity38825 ) and could be reproduced by @entity38825 transfection into @entity3569 ovary cells. We conclude that @entity1369 sensitizes HAoSMC for @entity274 -induced increase of collagen abundance at least in part by enhanced @entity470 expression.

title: Altered collagen homeostasis in XXXX aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) induced by @entity1369 .

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity38825 :: ('103162311', 'Gene') :: ['mineralocorticoid receptor', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity3794 is a devastating disease that affects millions of @entity1 worldwide. Among the most common forms of @entity82 are @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) and @entity2631 -related @entity401 ( @entity3130 ). Despite a wealth of literature regarding each of these diseases, studies that directly compare @entity2416 and @entity3130 are rare. RECENT FINDINGS: This review compares the salient features of @entity2416 and @entity3130 . Clinical presentation and demographics will be presented, along with the newly released radiographic and pathologic criteria for @entity2416 . Evolving concepts of pathogenesis including the role of structural cell injury, the pathogenic role of macrophages and lymphocytes, and the origin of fibroblasts are described. We conclude with new developments in the search for predictive biomarkers of disease progression, such as markers of epithelial injury, lymphocyte subsets, and circulating fibrocytes, will be presented. We conclude with a discussion of the results of recent clinical trials. SUMMARY: It is found that despite differences in clinical presentation and response to treatment, similarities are noted in proposed pathogenesis and putative biomarkers. It is hoped that this information will lead to studies aimed at understanding the factors driving these difficult to treat and often @entity66 .

title: @entity401 : is XXXX the same as scleroderma lung disease?

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deadly diseases']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: The effect of breast density on survival outcomes for American @entity1 who participate in screening remains unknown. We studied the role of breast density on both @entity0 and other cause of mortality in screened @entity1 . Data for @entity1 with @entity0 , identified from the community-based Carolina Mammography Registry, were linked with the North Carolina @entity5 registry and NC death tapes for this study. Cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models were developed to analyze the effect of several covariates on @entity0 mortality-namely, age, race (African American/White), @entity5 stage at diagnosis (in situ, local, regional, and distant), and breast density (BI-RADS(    ) 1-4). Two stratified Cox models were considered controlling for (1) age and race, and (2) age and @entity5 stage, respectively, to further study the effect of density. The cumulative incidence function with confidence interval approximation was used to quantify mortality probabilities over time. For this study, 22,597 screened @entity1 were identified as having @entity0 . The non-stratified and stratified Cox models showed no significant statistical difference in mortality between dense tissue and @entity1560 tissue, while controlling for other covariate effects (p value = 0.1242, 0.0717, and 0.0619 for the non-stratified, race-stratified, and @entity5 stage-stratified models, respectively). The cumulative mortality probability estimates showed that @entity1 with dense breast tissues did not have significantly different @entity0 mortality than @entity1 with @entity1560 breast tissue, regardless of age (e.g., 10-year confidence interval of mortality probabilities for whites aged 60-69 white: 0.056-0.090 vs. 0.054-0.083). Aging, African American race, and @entity5 stage were found to be significant risk factors for @entity0 mortality (hazard ratio >1.0). After controlling for @entity5 incidence, there was not a significant association between mammographic breast density and mortality, adjusting for the effects of age, race, and @entity5 stage.

title: The association of breast density with @entity0 mortality in African American and white XXXX screened in community practice.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The authors studied 10 @entity1 (mean age 15 years 6 months) with @entity245 detected by MRI. There were two groups of major @entity600 . Seven @entity1 (group 1) had unilateral 'macrogyric-like' insulo-opercular changes, one of whom died early in life and had extensive microgyria. The six others had @entity1032 and @entity302 , three of whom had focal neurological signs. Age at onset of @entity302 varied greatly. Clinical and EEG data suggested a wider cerebral involvement than recognized on MRI. The remaining three @entity1 (group 2) had abnormal gyri of variable topography and extension, with bulging grey matter and @entity67 . One had @entity1032 , another had neurological signs. All had intractable complex partial @entity410 and @entity154 correlating with the MRI lesion site, pointing to a well-defined epileptogenic zone. No clinical or EEG evidence of significant @entity600 in the remaining brain tissue was observed. Ablative surgery was beneficial for one @entity1 ; focal @entity6795 was the pathological substrate.

title: @entity302 and focal XXXX detected by MRI: electroclinico-morphological correlations and follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['focal EEG anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['localized developmental gyral disorder']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular deformity']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['gyral anomalies']


abstract: 38 @entity1 with severe chronic @entity3468 of the lower limbs were treated with streptokinase intermittently. All had been refused for surgical operation. One @entity1 died, 4 others had early interruption of treatment. Eleven of the 38 @entity1 had efficient thrombolysis confirmed by arteriography. The facts confirm the possibility of thrombolysis during chronic @entity455 . The fact that the aggravation was recent was favourable factor in prognosis. The eleven @entity1 improved, had severe aggravation of symptomes for less than 2 months. Thus thrombolytic treatment has a place of choice in the treatment of severe @entity455 where surgery is impossible, or dangerous, owing to the uncertain state of the vascular bed below the lesion. Efficacious, it permits reconstructive surgery in cases where it had been at first refused. The use of intermittent treatment, apart from advantages of confort and cost, seems to increase the efficacy of treatment.

title: [Intermittent thrombolytic treatment. Results during severe, chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['arterial diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) enzyme plays a major role in @entity5 progression and resistance to chemotherapy. A Phase-II study was undertaken to determine the activity of a dose attenuated schedule of @entity2600 , @entity416 , and the @entity3840 inhibitor @entity12698 in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 . METHODS: The eligibility criteria included a pathologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity694 or rectum that was metastatic. @entity1 received a combination of @entity2600 70 mg/m2 over 30 min I.V. on days 1 and 8, @entity416 1,000 mg/m2 twice per day orally on days 1-14, and @entity12698 at a daily dose of 800 mg continuously. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 were enrolled (median age 58 years; M : F 31 : 20). The objective response rate was 21/51 = 41% [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.28-0.55]. The median time to progression was 7.7 months (95% CI, 6.2-8.6 months). Median survival time and probability of survival at 1 year were 21.2 months (95% CI, 13.8-n/a), and 75% (95% CI, 0.63-0.88), respectively. The major @entity137 was Grade 3 or 4 @entity294 , seen in 24 and 10% of @entity1 , respectively. There were no treatment related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The lower dose intensity of @entity2600 appeared to maintain activity and improve tolerability when combined with @entity416 . The addition of @entity12698 to @entity2600 and @entity416 did not appear to significantly increase the activity of this doublet based on the RECIST criteria for objective response.

title: Phase-II study of dose attenuated schedule of @entity2600 , @entity416 , and XXXX in advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity614 after lumbar spine surgery is an alerting sign usually caused by either a recurrent disc @entity4282 . However, pressure on a spinal nerve root may also be exerted by a retained piece of Surgicel used to achieve hemostasis during lumbar spine surgical procedures. PURPOSE: To describe a case of @entity614 that was caused by a piece of Surgicel left in the spinal canal after operation for @entity890 . STUDY SETTING: A case report of a retained piece of Surgicel being the cause of S1 @entity614 . METHODS: @entity1 interview, medical records, imaging studies, and literature review. RESULTS: A 29-year-old @entity1 developed @entity697 after a successful hemilaminectomy and discectomy operation for a L5-S1 disc herniation. In the magnetic resonance imaging studies that were performed, a postoperative @entity1410 could not be excluded and a reoperation revealed compression from Surgicel that was used for hemostasis. The @entity1 was free of symptoms after reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: This case depicts the difficulty in distinguishing-by means of magnetic resonance imaging-nerve root compression caused by a postoperative @entity1410 and a recurrent disc herniation, from that caused by a retained Surgicel. Therefore, hemostatic agents should be meticulously used in spine surgery.

title: XXXX after lumbar discectomy due to intraspinal retained Surgicel: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['herniation or epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute left S1 radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['Lumbar radiculopathy', 'lumbar radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['Radiculopathy']


abstract: @entity8619 ( @entity8619 ) is a chronic @entity3137 that involves the degeneration of keratinocytes. However, the etiology and mechanisms of @entity8619 pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used keratinocytes HaCaT stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a local @entity8619 immune environment, and investigated the regulatory role of miR-125b in keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis under @entity8619 conditions. Immunohistochemical analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay showed that @entity1476 expression was up-regulated and miR-125b expression was down-regulated in both @entity8619 mucosa tissues and LPS-incubated HaCaT cells. Western blot analysis indicated that miR-125b overexpression suppressed LPS-induced @entity1476 expression in HaCaT cells. Molecularly, our results confirmed that @entity1476 is a target gene of miR-125b in HaCaT cells. The effect of miR-125b on cell proliferation was revealed by CCK-8 assay, @entity1603 assay and cell cycle analysis, which illustrated that miR-125b overexpression impeded LPS-induced HaCaT cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated that miR-125b overexpression promoted HaCaT cell apoptosis. Moreover, these effects were involved in @entity10412 / @entity584 / @entity3470 activation, as miR-125b overexpression inhibited LPS-enhanced expression of p- @entity584 and p- @entity3470 proteins. Taken together, these data confirm that miR-125b might inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and promote keratinocyte apoptosis in @entity8619 pathogenesis by targeting @entity1476 through @entity10412 / @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway.

title: miR-125b inhibits keratinocyte proliferation and promotes keratinocyte apoptosis in oral lichen planus by targeting @entity1476 expression through @entity10412 / @entity584 / XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['OLP', 'Oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory mucosal disease']

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diffuse @entity3620 (DMPM) is rare and in the past has proved an invariably fatal disease. Female @entity1 have been reported to have an improved survival outcome for reasons that are not understood. METHODS: The survival of 34 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 who underwent cytoreduction and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for DMPM was compared. Twenty-five clinicopathological variables were subjected to univariate analysis. RESULTS: The @entity1 had a 5-year survival rate of 63 per cent and median survival was not reached. The @entity1 had a 5-year survival rate of 42 per cent, with a median survival of 32 months (P = 0.045). @entity1 had undergone more extensive previous surgery and had less extensive peritoneal involvement at the time of cytoreduction. @entity5 in @entity1 more frequently showed a small nuclear size (30 microm or less) and the chromatin pattern was more often granular than clear. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with DMPM had better survival. This observation may be related to the favourable clinical and histopathological features associated with @entity1 .

title: Sex difference in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peritoneal mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma']


abstract: Adipose tissue provides an important extragonadal source of @entity172 . Obesity-associated elevation of @entity172 production increases risk of @entity0 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Aromatase ( @entity4819 ), which converts @entity342 to @entity172 , is a key enzyme in @entity172 biosynthesis. In normal adipose tissue, transcription of the aromatase gene is initiated from a relatively weak adipose-specific promoter (I.4). However, in @entity0 , a switch of promoter utilization from I.4 to a strong ovary-specific promoter, PII, leads to increased aromatase expression and, hence, elevated @entity172 production. Here, we report an intriguing relationship between the @entity0 susceptibility gene @entity5345 and aromatase expression in @entity1 adipose stromal cells (ASCs). Upon stimulation by @entity4621 or @entity619 , increased aromatase expression in ASCs was accompanied by significant reduction of the @entity5345 level. In addition, adipogenesis-induced aromatase expression was also inversely correlated with @entity5345 abundance. Downregulation of @entity5345 expression in response to various stimuli was through distinct transcription or posttranscription mechanisms. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity5345 led to specific activation of the @entity0 -associated PII promoter. Therefore, in addition to its well-characterized activities in breast epithelial cells, a role of @entity5345 in modulation of @entity172 biosynthesis in ASCs may also contribute to its tissue-specific @entity5 suppressor function.

title: Tumor suppressor @entity5345 inhibits a @entity0 -associated promoter of the aromatase gene ( XXXX ) in @entity1 adipose stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity4819 :: (1588,Gene) :: ['CYP19']


abstract: @entity3377 is a zoonotic disease and virtually all infections derived from exposure to animals or ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products. @entity3377 among family members has been reported. However, screening household members of an index case of @entity697 is not a routine procedure. A 10-y-old @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity697 . Unpasteurized @entity1237 cheese commonly consumed within the family was thought to be the possible source of the bacteria. The family (parents, sister and brother) was screened with physical examination, serum tube agglutination test, blood cultures and routine laboratory tests. Three additional cases (parents and sister) of serological and culture proven @entity3377 were detected. Two of them (mother and sister) were asymptomatic and had no clinical findings. @entity6467 3 was isolated from breast milk culture and from all blood cultures of 4 @entity3377 cases. In conclusion, @entity3377 , even with @entity582 , can be completely asymptomatic. Consumption of raw milk products by household members is a common risk factor for @entity3377 outbreak among family members. Thus, screening household members of an index case of @entity3377 can expose new @entity3377 cases.

title: Asymptomatic Brucella XXXX and isolation of @entity6467 3 from @entity1 breast milk.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis', 'Brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis biovar']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

answer: @entity582 :: (MESH:C531821,Disease) :: ['bacteraemia']


abstract: Forty-nine intractable @entity565 @entity1 from January 1981 were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of @entity1 still alive after ten years (January 1991) who were receiving decreased doses of @entity230 or no @entity230 at all. Group II @entity1 were also alive, but the doses of @entity230 they were receiving were unchanged. Group III consisted of @entity1 who had died during the ten years. Of the 49 @entity1 , nine were in Group I, 13 in Group II and 17 in Group III. The condition of the other 10 @entity1 was unknown. The mortality rate of the known 39 @entity1 over 10 years was 43.6%, a very high rate. The groups of living @entity1 (I + II) were younger than the @entity1 in the dead group (III) and the latter @entity1 had @entity409 in the stable state (FEV1.0/FVC%, and %FEV1.0 were 56.1% and 52.8%) in 1980. In the therapy carried out over the 10 years, antiallergic drugs and inhaled @entity230 were administered in order to decrease oral @entity230 in both Group I, II and III. In Group I, however, more @entity1 had received immunotherapy (hyposensitization) or gold therapy than in Group II and III. There were more complications due to @entity230 during the ten years in Group II and III than in Group I. @entity409 may be factors which worsen the prognosis of intractable @entity565 , and decreasing of the doses of oral @entity230 may be important to prevent complications.

title: [Prognosis of intractable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['more obstructive ventilatory dysfunction', 'Aging and obstructive ventilatory dysfunction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Histochemical profiles of individual muscle fibres were established using myosin @entity859 triphosphatase (myosin ATPase), @entity4588 dehydrogenase (SDHase), and @entity41763 ( @entity41763 ) reactions in three muscles (semitendinosus, diaphragm, and pectoralis transversus) of the @entity1641 and @entity235 . The major histochemical difference between fibres lies in their myosin ATPase activity; fibres can be subdivided into those with a high and those with a low activity. In @entity1641 muscle, all fibres have a high activity of @entity41763 . In the diaphragm and pectoralis transversus, all fibres have a high SDHase activity, but fibres with a low activity of SDHase are also present in samples of the semitendinosus. In @entity235 muscle, all fibres have a high SDHase activity; myosin ATPase low-reacting fibres also have a low activity of @entity41763 . There is a greater fractional area of myosin ATPase high-reacting fibres in the pectoralis transversus and semitendinosus of thoroughbred @entity1641 and greyhounds (breeds selected for high speed running) and in the diaphragm of greyhounds. In adults this feature does not appear to be due to training, as are the differences in aerobic and anaerobic capacity (shown in other studies). The preponderance of myosin Atpase high-reacting fibres suggests that there may be differences in the nervous systems of athletes and non-athletes. It is concluded that the proportions of fibre types in muscles are related to the functions of muscles and of their parts. No sex differences or detraining effects were apparent, although the value for the proportion of fibre types (as differentiated by the myosin ATPase reaction) in the limb muscles of thoroughbred crosses lies between those of thoroughbreds and non-thoroughbreds.

title: Differences in the histochemical properties of skeletal muscles of different breeds of XXXX and @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: @entity1 with refractory @entity3052 after intensive induction and salvage attempts have a particularly poor prognosis and therapeutic options are limited. In the current study, the pharmacologically based FIS-HAM regimen was applied, which included @entity3118 15 mg/m2 q 12 h (days 1, 2, 8, and 9), @entity2592 as a 45-min infusion every 3 h at 750 mg/m2 per single application (days 1, 2, 8, and 9), and @entity2664 10 mg/m2 (days 3, 4, 10, 11). Twenty-six intensively pretreated @entity1 [median age: 38 years; range: 22-65; 16 cases of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and 10 of @entity981 ( @entity981 )] were included. Of 16 @entity1 with @entity3052 , 5 achieved a complete remission (CR, 31%), 1 a partial remission (PR, 6%), 2 were nonresponders (13%), and 8 succumbed to early @entity204 (ED, 50%). Of 10 @entity1 with @entity981 , 5 achieved a CR, 1 a PR, 1 was a nonresponder, and 3 died early. Overall, the CR rate was 38%. The median disease-free survival time was 50 days and median survival 90 days. Two @entity1 underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and are alive after 27 and 28 months. @entity1398 amounted to a median of 46 days. @entity137 WHO III/IV included @entity281 (61%), @entity294 (48%), @entity390 / @entity391 (43%), @entity299 (30%), and @entity33 (26%). The current data indicate a significant activity of FIS-HAM chemotherapy in advanced @entity3052 . However, due to its pronounced @entity137 , this regimen should be restricted to third-line therapy for @entity1 expecting a suitable donor for allogeneic transplantation, and supportive treatment should be optimized.

title: Efficacy of @entity3118 , intermittent sequential high-dose @entity2592 , and XXXX (FIS-HAM) salvage therapy in highly resistant @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias', 'acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of heart function']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the predictive power of a combined assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) and impedance cardiography (ICG) measures in order to better identify the @entity1 at risk of serious adverse events after @entity583 ( @entity583 ): all-cause or cardiac mortality (primary outcomes) and in-hospital recurrent @entity63 , recurrent nonfatal MI, and need for revascularization (secondary outcomes). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 213 study @entity1 underwent 24-hour electrocardiogram (used for HRV analysis) and thoracic bioimpedance monitoring (used for calculation of hemodynamic measures) immediately after admission. The @entity1 were examined on discharge and contacted after 1 and 5 years. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of selected outcomes. RESULTS. The standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and cardiac power output (CPO) were found to be the significant determinants of 5-year all-cause mortality (SDNN  <= 100.42 ms and CPO  <= 1.43 W vs. others: hazard ratio [HR], 11.1; 95% CI, 4.48-27.51; P<0.001). The standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals (SDANN) and CPO were the significant predictors of 5-year cardiac mortality (SDANN  <= 85.41 ms and CPO  <= 1.43 W vs. others: HR, 11.05; 95% CI, 3.75-32.56; P<0.001). None of the ICG measures was significant in predicting any secondary outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 with both @entity299 and systolic function demonstrated by @entity1168 variability and impedance hemodynamic measures were found to be at greater risk of all-cause and @entity204 within a 5-year period after @entity583 . An integrated analysis of electrocardiogram and impedance cardiogram helps estimate @entity1 's risk of adverse outcomes after @entity583 .

title: Impedance cardiography and heart rate variability for long-term cardiovascular outcome prediction after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impaired autonomic heart regulation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ) is a @entity1200 characterized by @entity7893 and recurrent @entity344 . We present here 2 cases of @entity6078 with @entity344 .Case 1 is a 25-year-old @entity1 with a history of chronic @entity294 from childhood. Ultrasonography revealed ascites, with liver size smaller than normal. Liver biopsy showed non-specific @entity99 . @entity706 and @entity22964 were reported in his ascites cytology. Moreover friability in colonoscopy due to moderate @entity3619 was detected. Case 2 is a 26-year-old @entity1 with chronic @entity294 since 8 years. Abdominal sonography revealed increased liver echogenicity, increased liver size, and some enlarged lymph nodes beside pancreas. Colonoscopy revealed friability and decreased vascularity while biopsy showed moderate @entity3619 . Lymph node biopsy showed unusual immunologic reaction. Moreover, small bowel transition test showed nodularity. @entity6078 should be considered in any @entity1 with @entity344 especially chronic @entity294 in association with recurrent @entity2348 in other organs. Diagnostic delay results in more morbidity and complications in untreated @entity1 ..

title: XXXX in two @entity1 with common variable immunodeficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoid proliferation']

entities_list: @entity22964 :: ('MESH:D015614', 'Disease') :: ['Histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['Common variable immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal manifestations', 'bacterial infections especially in respiratory and gastrointestinal systems', 'gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency disease']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['active chronic colitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity842 (NO) measured in the gaseous phase has been shown to be a marker of @entity32 in the urinary bladder. The NO content of air incubated in the bladder can be measured in an NO analyzer. The aim of our study was threefold: to evaluate whether NO can be measured in air incubated in a catheter balloon, to determine the optimal time of incubation, and to find the most suitable type of catheter. METHODS: The NO concentration in air introduced directly into the bladder and into the catheter balloon was measured in @entity1 with and without @entity1494 . The air was incubated for 5 to 60 minutes. NO concentration in the bladder of @entity1 with @entity2335 was also analyzed. The diffusion rate of NO through @entity6619 and latex catheters was studied. RESULTS: Elevated NO levels were detected in the urinary bladder in @entity1 with @entity1494 due to infection or @entity2335 . A marked increase in NO concentration was found after just 5 minutes of incubation and continued to rise for up to 20 minutes, both in air taken directly from the bladder and from the catheter balloon. The NO diffusion rate into the balloons of @entity6619 catheters was high; the recovery rate in latex catheters was poor. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of NO concentration in a @entity6619 balloon catheter inserted into the urinary bladder is a fast, convenient, and reliable method to detect @entity32 .

title: Measurement of luminal @entity842 in XXXX using a @entity6619 balloon catheter: a novel minimally invasive method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder inflammation', 'bladder infections']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to develop a B-cell in vitro culture system and test B cells isolated from sensitized kidney recipients and healthy controls, and assess the effectiveness of proteasome inhibitors and @entity3442 on antibody secretion and cell apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1075 (+) B cells and @entity1075 (+) @entity2731 (+) memory B-cell subsets were detected from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 6 @entity1531 -sensitized kidney recipients and 6 healthy controls. Peripheral blood B cells were isolated and cultured with @entity25696 , @entity4515 , @entity1531 antigen, @entity8410 , @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ), @entity1 recombinant @entity1199 (rhuIL-2), rhuIL-10, rhuIL-4, and rhuIL-21. After culturing for 7 days, we tested several variables of B-cell activity including differentiation, apoptosis, and IgM production. We also assessed the effects of 2 immunosuppressive drugs ( @entity3442 and @entity1749 ) on antibody secretion and cellular apoptosis. RESULTS: Kidney recipients had a lower ratio of @entity1075 + B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells than did healthy controls. However, the percentage of @entity1075 (+) @entity2731 (+) B cells was higher in kidney recipients than in healthy controls. In the cell stimulation culture system, the ratio of @entity1075 (+) B cells, @entity1075 (+) @entity2731 (+) B cells, and @entity1075 (+)CD138(+) B cells increased after culturing for 7 days compared with unstimulated controls. In addition, the percentage of apoptotic B cells decreased, and antibody production increased in sensitized transplant @entity1 and healthy controls. Treatment with @entity1749 or @entity3442 induced B-cell apoptosis and inhibited secretion of antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes establishment of a B-cell in vitro culture system, showing that B cells may be stimulated to secrete antibodies. The study also provides an assay for studying B cells in vitro. This study provides information suggesting that @entity1749 and @entity3442 can inhibit B-cell antibody secretion.

title: Effect of @entity3442 and @entity1749 on purified XXXX B cells: an in vitro study of long-term functionally stable @entity1531 -sensitized renal recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid']

entities_list: @entity8410 :: ('10673', 'Gene') :: ['B-cell activating factor']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe shortage of liver donors and hepatocytes highlights urgent requirement of extra-liver and stem cell source of hepatocytes for treating @entity409 . Here we hypothesized that spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can directly transdifferentiate to hepatic stem-like cells capable of differentiating into mature hepatocyte-like cells in vitro without an intervening pluripotent state. RESULTS: SSCs first changed into hepatic stem-like cells since they resembled hepatic oval cells in morphology and expressed @entity10585 , @entity2873 , @entity5822 , @entity4166 , OV6, and albumin. Importantly, they co-expressed @entity10585 and @entity4166 but not ES cell markers. Hepatic stem-like cells derived from SSCs could differentiate into small hepatocytes based upon their morphological features and expression of numerous hepatic cell markers but lacking of bile epithelial cell hallmarks. Small hepatocytes were further coaxed to differentiate into mature hepatocyte-like cells, as identified by their morphological traits and strong expression of @entity10585 , @entity2873 , @entity30050 , @entity10354 , @entity2313 , Tat, @entity20117 , albumin, and @entity4914 but not @entity5822 or @entity4166 . Notably, these differentiated cells acquired functional attributes of hepatocyte-like cells because they secreted albumin, synthesized @entity1133 , and uptake and released @entity3194 . Moreover, phosphorylation of @entity1366 and @entity14877 rather than @entity584 was activated in hepatic stem cells and mature hepatocytes. Additionally, @entity7596 , cyclin B and cyclin E transcripts and proteins but not @entity4910 or @entity10610 and @entity15308 transcripts or proteins were reduced in mature hepatocyte-like cells or hepatic stem-like cells derived from SSCs compared to SSCs. CONCLUSIONS: SSCs can transdifferentiate to hepatic stem-like cells capable of differentiating into cells with morphological, phenotypic and functional characteristics of mature hepatocytes via the activation of @entity1366 and @entity14877 signaling pathways and the inactivation of @entity7596 , cyclin B and cyclin E. This study thus provides an invaluable source of mature hepatocytes for treating @entity409 and @entity137 screening and offers novel insights into mechanisms of liver development and cell reprogramming.

title: Direct transdifferentiation of spermatogonial stem cells to morphological, phenotypic and functional hepatocyte-like cells via the XXXX and @entity14877 signaling pathways and the inactivation of @entity7596 , cyclin B and cyclin E.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

answer: @entity1366 :: (5595;5594,Gene) :: ['ERK1/2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Choosing the appropriate treatment for @entity1 presenting with impending or pathological fractures is difficult and understanding the prognosis based on certain characteristics can help inform the decision to treat and construct to use in a palliative setting. We retrospectively analysed @entity1 presenting with metastatic @entity79 in the extremities and pelvis. METHODS: @entity1 presenting with metastatic @entity79 to the extremities or pelvis who underwent orthopaedic treatment from 1996 to 2012 were identified. Survival rates were calculated using life table analysis. Univariate and multivariate analysis was achieved with Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: There were a total of 462 @entity1 . An overall 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rate of 45%, 29% and 13% was identified, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative haemoglobin was found to be an independent predictor of better survival while lung histotype, age, pathological @entity174 and previous combined therapy were negative predictors of survival. @entity1 undergoing prosthetic replacement had a significantly longer period of hospitalization in comparison to those undergoing internal fixation. CONCLUSION: This study has contributed to our understanding of the survival rate and survival prognostication for @entity1 presenting for orthopaedic treatment of metastatic @entity79 .

title: Metastatic XXXX of the pelvis and extremities: rationalizing orthopaedic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: swallowing changes occur from the earliest stages of @entity191 ( @entity191 ), even in cases asymptomatic for @entity1282 . Little empirical evidence exists concerning the individual's own perception of changes, the impact these have on their life and coping strategies to deal with them. OBJECTIVE: to establish if and how changes in swallowing impact on the lives of @entity1 with @entity191 . DESIGN: in-depth interviews with qualitative analysis of content. SETTING: community. SUBJECTS: a total of 23 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 and their carers. METHODS: @entity1 were purposively sampled to give a mix of @entity1 , @entity1 , family circumstances, stage and duration of @entity191 and severity of swallowing symptoms. Individuals were interviewed at home. Interviews were transcribed. Emergent themes were identified and fed back to @entity1 for confirmation and clarification. RESULTS: two broad themes emerged: (i) effects on swallowing of underlying physical changes, with subthemes of oral-pharyngeal-laryngeal changes, manual changes, effects of fatigue and (ii) psychosocial impact, with subthemes of alterations to eating habits, feelings of stigma, need for social adjustment and carers' issues. Coping strategies could aid swallowing problems but often to the detriment of others in the family through altered demands on preparation and organisation. Presence of significant impact was not necessarily associated with abnormal range scores on objective swallowing assessments. CONCLUSIONS: the psychosocial consequences of the physical changes concerned @entity1 most. The importance of the early detection of changes for health and quality of life is underlined.

title: Hard to swallow: @entity1282 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: To confirm that @entity288 are beneficial in the treatment of @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ), 15 @entity1 with the syndrome were evaluated by the same group of physicians over 2 years. All @entity1 had cutaneous and most had @entity3137 . @entity1 were treated with @entity288 ranging from @entity229 40 mg daily to @entity1667 750 mg daily. The same group of physicians participated in the management of these @entity1 until recovery. No @entity204 occurred among the 15 @entity1 . Recovery was complete in all cases, and there was no residual skin, mucosal, or visceral damage except for minimal scarring in one @entity1 . In some cases, reversal of disease after onset of corticosteroid therapy was sufficiently dramatic to demonstrate a benefit. The use of @entity288 in the treatment of @entity6715 remains controversial. We conclude that @entity288 are beneficial in treatment of the syndrome. They may be lifesaving in some @entity1 and should be the standard of therapy. @entity6715 should be considered to be @entity9374 with either @entity4530 or visceral involvement or both.

title: XXXX ( @entity6715 ): effectiveness of @entity288 in management and recurrent @entity6715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['bullous lesions']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity9374 :: ('MESH:D004892', 'Disease') :: ['erythema multiforme']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity6715 :: (MESH:D013262,Disease) :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The current prevailing school of thought in @entity85 surgery is to restore sagittal balance with reference to the alignment of the spine when the @entity1 is standing. This strategy, however, likely accounts for increased rates of proximal junctional failure. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between the spine in standing and sitting positions as these may elucidate reasons for @entity177 . STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A prospective, comparative study of 58 healthy @entity1 presenting to a tertiary hospital over a 6-month period was carried out. @entity1 SAMPLE: All @entity1 presenting with a less than 3-month history of first episode lower back @entity158 were included. @entity1 who had radicular symptoms, red flag symptoms, previous spine surgery, or visible @entity85 during forward bending test were excluded. Pregnant @entity1 were also excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES: Radiographic measurements including sagittal vertical axis (SVA), @entity1515 ( @entity1515 ), thoracolumbar angle (TL), @entity1513 ( @entity1513 ), cervical @entity1515 (CL), pelvic incidence (PI), and pelvic tilt (PT) were collected. The sagittal apex and end vertebrae of all radiographs were also recorded. METHODS: Basic demographic data (age, gender, and ethnicity) was recorded. Lateral standing and sitting radiographs were obtained using EOS technology. Statistical analysis was performed to compare standing and sitting parameters using chi-square tests for categorical variables and paired t tests for continuous variables. RESULTS: Taking the standing position as the reference point, forward displacement of the SVA occurred during sitting by a mean of 6.39  3.87   cm (p<.001). This was accompanied by a reduction of @entity1515 and @entity1513 by a mean of 24.63  12.70   (p<.001) and 8.56  7.21  (p<.001), respectively. The TL became more lordotic by a mean of 3.25  7.30   (p<.001). The CL only reached borderline significance (p=.047) for increased @entity1515 by a mean of 3.45  12.92  . The PT also increased by 50% (p<.001). Despite relatively constant end vertebrae, the apex vertebra moved inferiorly for the thoracic curve (p<.006) and superiorly for the lumbar curve (p<.001) by approximately one vertebral level each. CONCLUSIONS: Sagittal spinal alignment changes significantly between standing and sitting positions. Understanding these differences is crucial to avoid overcorrection of @entity1515 , which may occur if deformity correction is based solely on the spine's standing sagittal profile.

title: How the spine differs in standing and in sitting-important considerations for correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['TK', 'thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deformity correction failure']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'lumbar lordosis', 'LL']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term outcomes after @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) ablation are sparsely described. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe long-term prognosis after @entity1165 in @entity1 with no structural @entity299 (no SHD), @entity296 ( @entity296 ), and @entity296 ( @entity296 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 (N = 695: no SHD, 98; @entity296 , 358; @entity296 , 239) ablated for sustained @entity1165 were followed for a median of 6 years. Acute procedural parameters (complete success [noninducibility of any @entity1165 ]) and outcomes after multiple procedures were reported. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 with no SHD or @entity296 , @entity1 with @entity296 were the oldest, were more likely to be @entity1 , lowest left ventricular ejection fraction, highest drug failures, @entity1165 storms, and number of inducible VTs. Complete procedure success was highest in @entity1 with no SHD than in @entity1 with @entity296 and those with @entity296 (79%, 56%, 60%, respectively; P < .001). At 6 years, @entity943 ( @entity943 )-free survival was highest in @entity1 with no SHD (77%) than in @entity1 with @entity296 (54%) and those with @entity296 (38%) (P < .001), and overall survival was lowest in @entity1 with @entity296 (48%), followed by @entity1 with @entity296 (74%) and @entity1 with no SHD (100%) (P < .001). Age, left ventricular ejection fraction, presence of SHD, acute procedural success (noninducibility of any @entity1165 ), major complications, need for nonradiofrequency ablation modalities, and @entity943 recurrence were independently associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow-up after @entity1165 shows excellent prognosis in the absence of SHD, highest @entity943 recurrence, and transplantation in @entity1 with @entity296 and highest mortality in @entity1 with @entity296 . The extremely low mortality for those without SHD suggests that @entity1165 in this population is rarely an initial presentation of a @entity121 process.

title: Long-term outcomes after catheter ablation of @entity1165 in XXXX with and without structural @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'nonischemic cardiomyopathy', 'ICM', 'NICM']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'VT ablation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'VA']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The lumen segment of @entity43131 consists of a small and a large domain. The role of the small domain in the biogenesis and stability of the @entity43132 (6)f complex and electron transfer through the @entity43132 (6)f complex was studied with a small domain deletion mutant in @entity2060 . The mutant is able to grow photoautotrophically but with a slower rate than the wild type strain. The @entity1446 group is covalently attached to the polypeptide, and the visible absorption spectrum of the mutant protein is identical to that of the native protein. The kinetics of electron transfer in the mutant were measured by flash kinetic spectroscopy. Our results show that the rate for the oxidation of @entity43131 was unchanged (t(12) = approximately 100 micros), but the half-time for the reduction of @entity43131 is increased (t(12) = 32 ms; for wild type, t(12) = 2.1 ms). @entity43132 (6) reduction was slower than that of the wild type by a factor of approximately 2 (t(12) = 8.6 ms; for wild type, t(12) = 4.7 ms); the slow phase of the electrochromic band shift also displayed a slower kinetics (t(12) = 5.5 ms; for wild type, t(12) = 2.7 ms). The stability of the @entity43132 (6)f complex in the mutant was examined by following the kinetics of the degradation of the individual subunits after inhibiting protein synthesis in the chloroplast. The results indicate that the @entity43132 (6)f complex in the small domain deletion mutant is less stable than in the wild type. We conclude that the small domain is not essential for the biogenesis of @entity43131 and the @entity43132 (6)f complex. However, it does have a role in electron transfer through the @entity43132 (6)f complex and contributes to the stability of the complex.

title: Electron transfer and stability of the cytochrome b6f complex in a small domain deletion mutant of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

answer: @entity43131 :: (2716989(Tax:3055),Gene) :: ['cytochrome f']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No previous published Australian study on the epidemiology of @entity174 has comprehensively shown the differences existing between indigenous and nonindigenous populations. Cairns Base Hospital, which services both the metropolitan city of Cairns and remote regions of @entity17991 Queensland, provides the perfect environment for investigating such differences. METHODS: A retrospective study of all @entity1 presenting to Cairns Base Hospital with @entity174 over the 3-year period between January 1999 and January 2002 was undertaken. RESULTS: A total of 444 @entity174 occurred in 276 @entity1 . The indigenous population of 7.6% in Cairns (17.9% in @entity17991 Queensland) represented 49% of all @entity1 . Assaults (74%) were the principal cause. The second most common mechanism was sporting injuries (17%), followed by @entity64 (5%) and falls (4%). In the indigenous female population, 93% arose from assaults, of which 57% were documented as domestic violence. The nonindigenous population had a defined peak in the third decade of life, with @entity174 in 47% of @entity1 and 38% of @entity1 occurring then. However, the indigenous group had a sustained peak between 11 and 40 years of age, with 94% of @entity174 occurring within this period. The male to female ratio was 6:1 in nonindigenous (3:1 indigenous). The side of predilection was L:R = 1:1 in nonindigenous (L:R = 3:1 indigenous). Recurrent mandibular @entity130 was documented in 4% of nonindigenous (18% of indigenous). Within the nonindigenous, all @entity1 and 90% @entity1 sought medical attention within 2 days of injury. In contrast, 38% indigenous @entity1 and 20% indigenous @entity1 delayed their initial presentation for 3 days or more (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Clinically and statistically significant differences exist between the two ethnic groups. It is proposed that these differences are possible indicators that high rates of interpersonal violence exist in a community.

title: XXXX in @entity17991 Queensland: an ethnic comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['motor vehicle accidents']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'mandibular fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Mandibular fractures']


abstract: The organization of olivary afferents and nuclear efferents of the D-zone of the @entity35 cerebellum was studied by means of tracing with @entity3505 -germ agglutinin-coupled peroxidase using @entity6416 as a chromagen. The tracer was injected iontophoretically within the cerebellar cortex. This allowed us to study both afferent and efferent pathways of the cerebellar lobules concerned with retrograde and anterograde tracing, respectively. Retrograde cellular labelling in the inferior olive was restricted to the principal olive (PO). Anterograde terminal labelling was found only within the various subdivisions of the @entity37846 ( @entity11702 ). For any one of our small cortical injections there was a corresponding sagittal band of retrogradely labelled cells in the contralateral PO, and a sagittal band of terminal labelling through the @entity11702 . Based on both their olivary and nuclear connections, 3 sagittal subzones can be distinguished within the D-zone of the @entity35 . From medial to lateral, we call them D0, D1 and D2. The 3 subzones run through part of the anterior and posterior lobes. D1 and D2 run continuously from their rostral to their caudal extents whereas D0 is discontinuous. It is interrupted through lobule @entity19015 (crus I). The olivary projections to D0 arise within the medial half of the ventral lamella of the PO, including the dorsomedial cell column. Those to D1 arise within the dorsal lamella of the PO. Those to D2 arise within the lateral half of the ventral lamella of the PO. Rostrocaudally, widely distant cells of the same subdivision of the PO project to the same cerebellar lobule. This indicates extensive convergence of the olivary afferents within each of the 3 hemispheric compartments, D0, D1 and D2. Each of the 3 hemispheric subzones specifically projects to one of the 3 subdivisions distinguished within the @entity11702 of the @entity35 , without apparent mediolateral overlapping. The medialmost D0 projects onto the dorsolateral hump; D1 projects more laterally onto the main, magnocellular part of the @entity11702 , and D2 projects ventrally onto the parvicellular subdivision of the @entity11702 . Thus the sagittal partition of the hemispheric cortex is reflected at the nuclear level. In contrast, Purkinje cell axons from individual lobules appear to branch extensively in the rostrocaudal direction. Therefore, within each of the 3 compartments D0, D1 as well as D2, the nuclear projection of the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe are largely coextensive.

title: Sagittal organisation of the olivocerebellonuclear pathway in the XXXX . III. Connections with the nucleus dentatus.

entities_list: @entity6416 :: ('MESH:C021758', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylbenzidine']

entities_list: @entity37846 :: ('MESH:D017206', 'Disease') :: ['nucleus lateralis or dentatus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The killing of L-M cells by @entity19 @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity637 ) was investigated by a combination of drug, antiserum neutralization, and kinetic studies. Kinetic studies with 125I- @entity637 showed that the bulk of association of ligand with L-M cells peaked within 2 hr and the ligand was not degraded. Cell surface receptors were depleted (down regulated) by 6 hr when @entity204 commenced. The off-rates of acid-dissociable (surface bound) and acid-indissociable (internalized) compartments were found to be 9 min and 35 hr, respectively. Nevertheless, complete cell killing required the persistent presence of @entity637 for up to 20 hr. This requirement was ablated by the concomitant addition of @entity1880 . Antiserum completely inhibited @entity137 when it was applied up to 4 hr after @entity637 , but antiserum added 1 hr after @entity637 was not neutralizing in the presence of @entity1880 . Thus, the inclusion of @entity1880 temporally dissociated early events (internalization and signal transduction) from lysis. Other drugs with and without @entity1880 were found to preferentially affect either early or later aspects of cell @entity204 . @entity4514 and the ionophore @entity3365 were potent inhibitors of @entity137 , and @entity866 was a potent enhancer. These agents were more effective when added 1 hr before @entity637 and @entity1880 than when added 1 hr after and likely affected early events in the cytolytic program. In contrast, @entity503 and @entity268 likely affect more terminal aspects of @entity137 . @entity5393 , @entity3081 , and pertussis toxins enhanced @entity137 . They were equipotent when added either before or after @entity637 regardless of the presence of @entity1880 . Likewise, @entity503 was an equipotent inhibitor when added either before or after @entity637 regardless of the presence of @entity1880 . Agents that primarily affect association events may be more likely to impinge on other @entity637 -mediated activities than agents that primarily affect lysis.

title: Drug-induced alterations of @entity5 @entity39 factor-mediated XXXX : discrimination of early versus late stage action.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['Dibutyrylcyclic AMP']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current quality-monitoring initiatives do not accurately evaluate surgical site infections based on type of surgical procedure. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the effect of the anatomical site resected (right, left, rectal) on wound complications, including superficial, deep, and organ space surgical site infections, in @entity1 who have @entity5 . SETTINGS: Data were retrieved from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. DESIGN: This study was designed to determine the independent risk associated with the anatomical location of @entity5 resection for all subtypes of @entity281 . Statistical methods included the @entity16043 exact test, the    test, and univariable and multivariable analyses for each outcome of interest. @entity1 : All colon and rectal resections for @entity14 between 2006 and 2012 were selected. Included were 45,956 @entity1 : 17,993 (39.2%) underwent right colectomy, 11,538 (25.1%) underwent left colectomy, and 16,425 (35.7%) underwent rectal resections. RESULTS: The overall @entity281 rate was 12.3%: 3.7% organ space, 1.4% deep, and 7.2% superficial. On multivariable analysis, rectal resection was associated with the greatest odds of overall surgical site infections in comparison with left- or right-sided resections (rectal OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.35-1.69 vs left OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.97-1.23 vs right OR, 1). Rectal resections were also associated with greater odds of developing a deep @entity281 than either right (rectal OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06-1.99) or left (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.62-1.27). The likelihood of organ space @entity281 followed a similar pattern (rectal OR, 1.83; 95% CI 1.49-2.25; left colon, OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.75-1.19). Rectal and left resections had increased odds of superficial surgical site infections compared with right resections (rectal OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14-1.51; left OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.37). LIMITATIONS: This is a retrospective observational study. CONCLUSIONS: Rectal resections for @entity5 are independently associated with an increased likelihood of superficial, deep, and organ space infections. The policy on surgical site infections as a quality measure currently in place requires modification to adjust for the location of pathology and, hence, the anatomical segment resected when assessing the risk for @entity281 .

title: Risk of Surgical Site Infection Varies Based on Location of Disease and Segment of Colorectal Resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['type of surgical site infection', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Milk samples of 12 Danish dairy herds were collected 3 times during an 11-mo period and tested for @entity4003 DNA by real-time PCR, detecting the IS1111 element, and for the presence of antibodies against the bacterium by ELISA. On average, 25% of 1,514 samples were seropositive and 32% were positive for @entity4003 DNA. Among the 485 DNA-positive samples, quantification cycle values ranging from 15.8 to 37.8 were found. Test sensitivity did not increase after DNA extraction from the cream fraction compared with full milk. The relationship between antibody levels and bacterial shedding was investigated among 166 @entity291 from 9 herds. The prevalence levels of @entity4003 DNA and antibodies in the herds were found to be rather stable for 6 of the herds. The test results were highly influenced by results obtained 3 to 7 mo earlier. A significant association between the antibody titer and the DNA shedding level at the same and the preceding visit was found. In addition, a significant association between the antibody titer and the antibody titers 3 to 11 mo earlier was found. A multivariable analysis identified a significant increase in @entity4003 DNA shedding with increasing parity and increasing protein concentration in milk. The antibody levels in bulk @entity13873 milk and prevalence levels of @entity4003 DNA and antibodies in individual @entity291 milk samples were correlated. A significant correlation was also found between the quantification cycle values of the @entity291 samples (weighted according to milk yield) and the @entity4003 concentration in bulk @entity13873 milk.

title: Dynamics of relationship between the presence of Coxiella burnetii DNA, antibodies, and intrinsic variables in @entity291 milk and bulk @entity13873 milk from Danish dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['C. burnetii', 'Coxiella burnetii']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']