abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the growth patterns of the spine and pelvis are consistent in @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) @entity1 with single @entity1514 curves. METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1514 @entity1615 (T- @entity1615 ) female @entity1 and 48 healthy age-matched adolescents were recruited consecutively between December 2011 and October 2012. Radiographic parameters including @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ), length of spine (LOS), height of @entity1514 spine (HOT), length of @entity1514 spine (LOT), height of pelvis (HOP), width of pelvis (WOP) and width of thorax (WOT) were measured on the long-cassette posteroanterior standing radiographs. In addition, ratios including @entity3570 /HOP, LOS/HOP, HOT/HOP, LOT/HOP, LOS/LOT, WOT/WOP were also calculated. Independent t-test was performed to compare the radiographic parameters and ratios between the two groups. RESULTS: Compared to the age-matched healthy adolescents, T- @entity1615 @entity1 had a significantly higher LOS and LOT (t = -2.364 and -1.495, P = 0.020 and 0.043) and smaller @entity3570 and HOT (t = 2.060 and 3.359, P = 0.042 and 0.001). Yet, all of HOP, WOP and WOT showed no significant difference between T- @entity1615 @entity1 and healthy adolescents. Similarly, LOS/HOP and LOT/HOP were significantly higher in T- @entity1615 @entity1 as may be expected with an average LOS/HOP of 2.26    0.14 in normal controls.In addition, LOS/LOT in normal controls had a trend of increase with age which was different from the stable LOS/LOT in T- @entity1615 @entity1 , indicating an @entity851 compared to lumbar vertebra. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the age-matched healthy adolescents, T- @entity1615 @entity1 have an abnormal growth characteristics with longer spine. The growth of pelvis and thorax show no significant differences between T- @entity1615 @entity1 and healthy adolescents.

title: [Abnormal growth of spine in XXXX with adolescent idiopathic @entity1514 ].

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['height of spine', 'HOS']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['increased growth of thoracic vertebra']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of different cement combinations on coronal microleakage in restored endodontically treated @entity4500 using dye penetration. METHOD AND MATERIALS: @entity1 , noncarious single-rooted extracted premolars (n = 60) were divided into four experimental groups (each n = 15). After endodontic treatment, different combinations of cements were used to lute prefabricated posts and complete crown restorations: @entity24967 cement applied on posts and cast crowns (Z) or on @entity24967 cement posts and resin cement applied on cast crowns (ZR); resin cement applied on posts and @entity24967 cement applied on cast crowns (RZ); and resin cement applied on posts and cast crowns (R). After artificial aging through thermal cycling (5  C to 55  C) for 2,000 cycles at 38 seconds for each cycle and 15 seconds of dwell time, specimens were immersed for 72 hours in basic @entity7661 at 37  C. A buccolingual section was made through the vertical axis of specimens. A Toolmaker's microscope (Mitutoyo) was used to measure (um) dye penetration. The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used to determine intergroup difference. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney test compared each group regarding its maximal linear penetration depths on the mesial and distal aspects of each specimen (a = 0.05). RESULTS: Dye staining was evident to some degree in all specimens. Among groups Z, ZR, and RZ, no significant difference was shown in dye-penetration depths (mean penetration scores 1,518 to 1,807 um). However, dyepenetration depth was significantly lower in group R compared to the other groups (mean penetration score 1,073 um) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Under study conditions, the cement combination offering the best coronal sealing was the one using only resin cement for both posts and crown restorations.

title: Coronal leakage in endodontically treated XXXX restored with posts and complete crowns using different luting agent combinations.

entities_list: @entity24967 :: ('MESH:C043952', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc phosphate']

answer: @entity4500 :: (MESH:D014071,Disease) :: ['teeth']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rensch's rule proposes a universal allometric scaling phenomenon across species where @entity458 ( @entity458 ) has evolved: in taxa with male-biased dimorphism, degree of @entity458 should increase with overall body size, and in taxa with female-biased dimorphism, degree of @entity458 should decrease with increasing average body size. Rensch's rule appears to hold widely across taxa where @entity458 is male-biased, but not consistently when @entity458 is female-biased. Furthermore, studies addressing this question within species are rare, so it remains unclear whether this rule applies at the intraspecific level. We assess body size and @entity458 within @entity5399 ), a species where females are larger than males, using 21 populations derived from separate locations across the world, and maintained in isolated laboratory culture for at least 20 years. Body size, and hence @entity458 patterns, are highly susceptible to variations in temperature, diet quality and other environmental factors. Crucially, here we nullify interference of such confounds as all populations were maintained under identical conditions (similar densities, standard diet and exposed to identical temperature, relative humidity and photoperiod). We measured thirty beetles of each sex for all populations, and found body size variation across populations, and (as expected) female-biased @entity458 in all populations. We test whether Rensch's rule holds for our populations, but find isometry, i.e. no allometry for @entity458 . Our results thus show that Rensch's rule does not hold across populations within this species. Our intraspecific test matches previous interspecific studies showing that Rensch's rule fails in species with female-biased @entity458 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Lack of support for Rensch's rule in an intraspecific test using XXXX ( @entity5399 ) populations.

entities_list: @entity5399 :: ('7070', 'Species') :: ['Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['SSD', 'sexual size dimorphism']

answer: @entity5399 :: (7070,Species) :: ['red flour beetle']


abstract: Nonsense mutations are quite prevalent in @entity74 . Readthrough drugs could provide a therapeutic option for any disease caused by this type of mutation. @entity11185 (G418) and @entity801 were among the first to be described. Novel compounds have been generated, but only a few have shown improved results. @entity14045 is the only compound to have reached clinical trials. Here we first investigated the readthrough effects of @entity801 on fibroblasts from one @entity1 with Sanfilippo B, one with Sanfilippo C, and one with @entity22608 . We found that @entity20109 activity ( @entity22608 ) resulted in an increase of 2-3 folds and that the amount of this enzyme within the lysosomes was also increased, after treatment. Since the other two cases (Sanfilippo B and Sanfilippo C) did not respond to @entity801 , the treatments were extended with the use of @entity11185 and five non- @entity5292 ( @entity14045 , @entity67879 , RTC14, BZ6 and BZ16) readthrough compounds (RTCs). No recovery was observed at the enzyme activity level. However, mRNA recovery was observed in both cases, nearly a two-fold increase for Sanfilippo B fibroblasts with G418 and around 1.5 fold increase for Sanfilippo C cells with RTC14 and @entity14045 . Afterwards, some of the products were assessed through in vitro analyses for seven mutations in genes responsible for those diseases and, also, for @entity8706 A/B. Using the coupled transcription/translation system (TNT), the best results were obtained for @entity54356 mutations with G418, reaching a 35% recovery at 0.25  g/ml, for the @entity67880 mutation. The use of COS cells transfected with mutant cDNAs gave positive results for most of the mutations with some of the drugs, although to a different extent. The higher enzyme activity recovery, of around two-fold increase, was found for @entity801 on the @entity20109 @entity67881 mutation. Our results are promising and consistent with those of other groups. Further studies of novel compounds are necessary to find those with more consistent efficacy and fewer toxic effects.

title: Evaluation of @entity5292 and Non- XXXX Compounds for Stop-Codon Readthrough Therapy in Four Lysosomal Storage Diseases.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity22608 :: ('MESH:D009087', 'Disease') :: ['Maroteaux-Lamy', 'Maroteaux-Lamy case']

entities_list: @entity11185 :: ('MESH:C010680', 'Chemical') :: ['Geneticin', 'geneticin']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity8706 :: ('MESH:D009542', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited diseases']

answer: @entity5292 :: (D000617,Chemical) :: ['Aminoglycoside']


abstract: In @entity309 joint good results are obtained using arthroscopic synovectomy or radiation synovectomy. Aim of our study was to investigate, wether the combination of these two minimal invasive interventions achieves better results. First we performed arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee joint followed by radiation synovectomy with application of 111-222 MBq Yttrium-90 6 weeks later. In a prospective randomised clinical trial between 1987 and 1991 we performed radiation synovectomy on 22 knee joints and combined arthroscopic and radiation synovectomy on 26 knee joints. We explored the @entity1 preoperatively, 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. In 1996 we evaluated 141 knee joints in a retrospective clinical trial. 90 @entity2720 had been treated with the combined therapy, 39 only with radiation synovectomy and 12 only with arthroscopic synovectomy. Depending on the three different therapeutic interventions, the @entity1 were classified into mid-term (3-5 years) and long-term (6-8 years) observation groups. The trials are based on the standardized @entity4819 -Questionnaire of the knee joint, the modified @entity4819 Knee-Score and the radiological grading according to Larsen, Dale and @entity66283 . In the prospective clinical trial we found significant better results for @entity1 treated with the combined therapy than for @entity1 treated with radiation synovectomy only regarding the @entity4 , effusion, range of motion, @entity158 and Knee-Score. In the long-term results of the retrospective clinical trial the @entity1 treated with the combined therapy showed a significant better outcome for the @entity158 , swelling and Knee-Score, than the @entity1 treated with radiation synovectomy. Although no statistically significant difference was found comparing the results of the combined therapy with arthroscopic synovectomy, an improvement of the clinical outcome can be observed performing arthroscopic synovectomy followed by radiation synovectomy. In the treatment of @entity309 joint a better outcome is achieved performing combined arthroscopic and radiation synovectomy than performing only one of the methods.

title: Combined arthroscopic and radiation synovectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['parameter swelling']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'parameters pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Knee joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis of the knee']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine @entity548 patterns and endometrial response in postmenopausal @entity1 taking low-dose (1 mg) @entity53 in a sequential combined formulation with 5 or 10 mg @entity21909 . METHODS: A total of 151 postmenopausal @entity1 were allocated randomly to 5 or 10 mg @entity21909 during cycle days 15-28 in a sequential oral formulation with 1 mg @entity53 continuously during 13 cycles of 28 days. Occurrence of @entity3556 was recorded daily and analyzed in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Endometrial biopsies, obtained at baseline and cycle days 25-27 of the final treatment cycle, were interpreted independently by two pathologists. RESULTS: The study was completed by 131 @entity1 (87%). The percentage of @entity1 with @entity548 (mean +/- SD) was 57.2 +/- 3.6% in the 1/5-mg group and 65.8 +/- 4.2% in the 1/10-mg group (p < 0.001); cross-sectional analysis showed that, in every cycle, there were more @entity1 with @entity548 in the 1/10-than in the 1/5-mg group (p < 0.001). With regard to the day of onset of @entity548 , the mean difference between groups was 1.4 +/- 1.1 days (p < 0.001). There was no difference in duration of @entity548 (5 days), or intensity or incidence of intermittent @entity548 (3-14% per cycle). Both regimens resulted in high rates of @entity2588 in each cycle (26-49%), but only 14/151 (9%) @entity1 were amenorrheic throughout. Three @entity1 (2%) discontinued owing to @entity548 problems. Endometrial protection was adequate in 98.3% (1/5-mg group) and 98.5% (1/10-mg group) with only one case of proliferation (1/10-mg group) and one of simple @entity1373 (1/5-mg group). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity548 pattern associated with low-dose (1 mg) @entity53 sequentially combined with 5 or 10 mg @entity21909 shows a high rate of @entity2588 in each cycle; there is a @entity21909 dose effect on the occurrence and day of onset of @entity548 . Bleeding episodes that occur show a regular pattern and are of slight intensity. The endometrial safety of both regimens is high.

title: Bleeding patterns and endometrial histology during administration of low-dose @entity53 sequentially combined with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleed', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity21909 :: ('MESH:D004394', 'Chemical') :: ['dydrogesterone']

answer: @entity21909 :: (MESH:D004394,Chemical) :: ['dydrogesterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Limited information is available on expected health status gains following invasive treatment in @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). One year health status outcomes following invasive treatment for @entity3657 were compared, and whether pre-procedural health status was indicative of 1 year health status gains was evaluated. METHODS: Pre-procedural and 1 year health status (Short Form-12, Physical Component Score [PCS]) was prospectively assessed in a cohort of 474 @entity1 , enrolled from 2 Dutch vascular clinics (March 2006-August 2011), with new or exacerbation of @entity3657 symptoms. One year treatment strategy (invasive vs. non-invasive) and clinical information was abstracted. Quartiles of baseline health status scores and mean 1 year health status change scores were compared by invasive treatment for @entity3657 . The numbers needed to treat (NNT) to obtain clinically relevant changes in 1 year health status were calculated. A propensity weight adjusted linear regression analysis was constructed to predict 1 year PCS scores. RESULTS: Invasive treatment was performed in 39% of @entity1 . @entity1 with baseline health status scores in the lowest quartile undergoing invasive treatment had the greatest improvement (mean invasive 11.3      10.3 vs. mean non-invasive 5.3      8.5 [p  =  .001, NNT  =  3]), whereas those in the highest quartile improved less (.8      6.3 vs. -3.0      8.2 [p  =  .025, NNT  =  90]). Undergoing invasive treatment (p  <  .0001) and lower baseline health status scores (p  <  .0001) were independently associated with greater 1 year health status gains. CONCLUSION: Substantial improvements were found in @entity1 presenting with lower pre-procedural health status scores, whereas @entity1 with higher starting health status levels had less to gain by an invasive strategy.

title: One Year Health Status Benefits Following Treatment for New Onset or Exacerbation of Peripheral Arterial Disease Symptoms: The Importance of XXXX ' Baseline Health Status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapy of @entity1118 of primarily @entity734 @entity1 is a problem which has hitherto remained unresolved within the field of @entity158 therapy. Synergistic effects of the prescribed medicine with additionally taken drugs or medicine which can lead to an unpredictable increase of effect of prescribed opioids are of special significance. When addiction and @entity158 appear simultaneously medical aspects of the syndrome of addiction have to be implemented within the framework of coordinated therapy. In this case regular controls are to be taken; at the same time the treatment of cases of relapse must occur gradually. Not only is the final aim of this therapy abstinence but also a survival as healthy as possible. We don't ask more of the @entity1 as he is able to perform, but we do ask everything which can be expected of him. In a treatment contract both therapist and @entity1 agree on their individual tasks. With exemplary cases both the case history and the course of the therapy of four @entity1 with simultaneous symptoms are illustrated. DISCUSSION: It becomes clear that the cooperative concept of therapy both with regard to @entity158 as to addiction render an individual weighing of risks necessary. If the treatment of @entity1118 is to be regarded as a primary goal then addicts can be treated in an institution devoted to the treatment of @entity158 , providing there is a functioning cooperation with colleagues who are experienced in the treatment of addiction.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with @entity734 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addicted']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the traditional view of @entity162 is that the majority of @entity1 have full remission between episodes, recent evidence suggests that residual @entity73 are present. The aim of this study was to determine whether memory and executive deficits were present in a well-defined clinically remitted group of @entity1 . METHODS: This was a case-control study of @entity162 @entity1 in remission (N = 18). Subjects had to fulfil stringent clinical criteria for inclusion into the study and had to have been in remission for at least 4 months. Subjects also had no history of @entity734 . The cognitive battery examined memory and executive function. RESULTS: @entity1 in excellent clinical remission and who reported good social adaptation showed imipairment on tests of visuospatial recognition memory. Accuracy on four tests of executive function was not impaired in @entity1 in remission compared with controls, although response latency on these executive tests was still impaired. CONCLUSIONS: As our group and others have shown, @entity1 with @entity162 and @entity308 show generalized impairment on tests of memory and executive function. In comparison, this study has demonstrated that @entity1 in remission show a relatively specific @entity2414 with recovery of accuracy measures on executive function task. The increased response latency on the executive tasks suggests a possible small residual impairment. These findings suggest that in netIroanatomical terms, more posterior cortical function (temporal lobe) has not improved but there is at least some recovery of frontal lobe function in remission.

title: @entity73 in remission in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder', 'mania', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in memory']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar affective disorder']


abstract: Homosexual @entity1 with persistent generalized @entity3329 usually show an abnormal expansion of paracortical T8+ lymphocytes relative to T4+ cells in lymph nodes with @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ). This study was designed to characterize further the paracortical lymphocyte population in homosexual @entity1 with @entity1373 , because T8+ lymphocytes are antigenically and functionally heterogeneous. Frozen lymph node tissue from 10 @entity1 was evaluated. Monoclonal antibodies to T8, Leu-15, NKH-1, @entity4755 , and HLA-DR antigens were employed in the avidin- @entity1885 complex immunoperoxidase technique. With digitized morphometry, positively stained cells for each marker were counted in five 0.145-mm2 microscopic fields. Four tonsils with @entity1373 were used as controls. Most paracortical cells were T8+ (median, 4182 T8+ cells/five fields), and values were significantly higher than those for controls (median, 1518 T8+ cells p less than 0.006). In every case there were markedly fewer Leu 15-, NKH-1, @entity4755 -, and HLA-DR-positive cells than T8+ cells (median values per five fields: Leu-15, 144; NKH-1, 12; @entity4755 , 3; HLA-DR, 195). Moreover, these values were not significantly different from control values. Our findings suggest that the expanded paracortical T8+ population comprises cells with the immunophenotype of cytotoxic Leu-15-, T8+ lymphocytes, rather than natural killer or Leu-15+, T8+ suppressor cells.

title: Paracortical immunoregulatory subpopulations in lymph nodes from homosexual XXXX with persistent generalized @entity3329 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['RFH', 'reactive follicular hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between five-year control of reflux and early postoperative oesophageal function after total fundoplication done either laparoscopically or through a laparotomy in severe and mild @entity354 . DESIGN: Prospective open study. SETTING: University hospital, Sweden. @entity1 : In the group with severe disease 9 @entity1 had a laparotomy and 7 laparoscopy. The corresponding figures for the group with mild disease were 21 and 34 respectively. RESULTS: The increase in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure 6 months after operation in @entity1 with recurrent disease was significantly less than that for @entity1 with good reflux control (p < 0.01). In @entity1 who had laparotomy, including 30% (9/30) with severe @entity354 , good long-term reflux control was found in 93% (27/29). In @entity1 operated on laparoscopically including 17% (7/41) with severe @entity354 good long-term reflux control was found in 90% (35/39). CONCLUSION: The mechanism of recurrence differed between @entity1 with severe disease who had a laparotomy and @entity1 with mild disease operated on laparoscopically. Early postoperative manometry was prognostic for recurrence. Long-term reflux control seems to be similar after laparotomy and laparoscopy. Further randomised studies are needed.

title: Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic and open 360 degree fundoplication in mild and severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: The relationship between soup consumption and @entity1501 , @entity2066 , and @entity270 and C status was assessed in adults who regularly consumed soup compared to those who did not or who were occasional eaters. Data were obtained for 2114 @entity1 and 2874 @entity1 living in France and participating in the SU.VI.MAX cohort, who reported twelve 24-hour dietary records during a two-year follow-up period. Six-point-seven percent of @entity1 and 8.7% of @entity1 were heavy consumers of soup (i.e., they consumed soup from 9-12 days out of 12 days). Respectively, 46 and 42.5% were regular soup consumers (3-8 days out of 12), and 47.3 and 48.8% were occasional or non-soup consumers (0-2 days or less out of 12). Total energy intake did not differ between soup consumers and non-consumers. In both genders, heavy consumers of soups had significantly higher intakes of @entity3363 and lower lipid intakes. Heavy consumers of soup had higher dietary intakes of @entity26457 , @entity2066 , @entity620 and, in @entity1 , of @entity270 . In heavy consumers, soups contributed 12.5% of total dietary intake of @entity2066 in @entity1 and 13% in @entity1 . For @entity620 , @entity270 , and @entity26457 , soups contributed to 4-5% of total @entity2221 intake. In heavy soup consumers, mean serum @entity620 levels were higher, but not significantly, than in occasional or non-soup consumers. This trend was also observed for red blood cell folate in @entity1 only. The present data suggest that consumption of soup may be beneficial in promotional programs to increase vegetable consumption, and may contribute to a balanced diet and a healthy nutritional status, and especially vitamin status, in the overall population.

title: Relationship between soup consumption, @entity1501 , @entity2066 , and XXXX status in a French adult population.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['vitamin C']


abstract: We propose that SF derived from normal-appearing biopsies of @entity12169 gene carriers exist in an initiated state as the result of a dominant mutation. Based on our studies with the @entity12169 cell system, we further suggest that, although an initiated state is essential to @entity5 development, not all initiated cells necessarily develop into cancerous cells. The genetic makeup of an initiated cell has been established through linkage between abnormal phenotypic markers and pedigree profiles and through cell hybridization, including initial analysis of gene products. We believe that it is consistent with an autosomal dominant trait. In contrast, cells from @entity1 who are homozygous for @entity6724 , including those with @entity2173 , represent an experiment of nature which presumably underlies factors associated with @entity5 promotion in @entity1 . We have demonstrated that @entity12169 cells can be differentially transformed by oncogenic viruses, a carcinogen ( @entity2482 ), and gamma-ray irradiation, and that they can proliferate in vitro after exposure to a @entity5 promoter (TPA. This simple experimental model provides a novel system for the study of @entity5 promotion in vitro. We further suggest that, through the use of TPA, various stages associated with @entity5 development in @entity1 , i.e., initiation through promotion and progression, can be identified in vitro. Attempts to apply these results in vivo are currently in progress. The apparent susceptibility of @entity12169 cells to further transformation by oncogenic viruses and chemical and physical agents indicates that genetic information residing within these cells, probably in the form of a relatively limited and specific number of DNA sequences associated with the @entity12169 mutation, renders them more sensitive to these three distinct classes of carcinogens. We submit that, through our tests on SF, and @entity12169 gene carriers within recognized @entity12169 clusters can be diagnosed at present with sufficient certainty to warrant immediate action. In addition, it seems that the time has arrived for a major undertaking to screen for @entity1 who are likely to be at increased risk of @entity5 , perhaps through walk-in clinics. An underlying assumption in these studies is that predisposition to @entity5 , in general, is associated with an autosomal dominant trait in obligatory heterozygote gene carriers.

title: Hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum: relevance to @entity5 promotion and @entity5 control in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal breakage syndromes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3519 is characterised by @entity2358 (twisting, writhing and jerking) and postures. The effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery on the motor aspect of @entity3520 have been well reported, however, there is a paucity of research investigating its impact on cognitive function, particularly in childhood @entity3519 . We performed a follow-up of cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity3520 following DBS pallidal surgery. METHODS: Cognitive function was measured in a cohort of 13 @entity1 with primary or primary plus @entity3519 who had undergone DBS surgery using a retrospective case series design. Baseline pre-DBS neuropsychological measures were compared to scores obtained at least one year following DBS. Cognitive function was assessed using standardised measures of intellectual ability and memory. RESULTS: All @entity1 demonstrated improvements with regard to @entity3519 reduction, as measured by the Burke-Fahn-Marsden @entity3519 Rating Scale (BFMDRS). Overall, cognition remained stable following DBS in the majority of the cohort. Individual case analysis revealed improvements in some domains of cognitive function in eight members of the cohort and a deterioration of certain domains in four. CONCLUSION: Cognition largely remained stable in @entity1 with primary/primary plus @entity3519 following DBS surgery, although further research with a larger sample is necessary to explore this statistically. Notwithstanding the limitations of a small size, this preliminary data has potentially positive implications for the impact of DBS on cognitive functioning within a paediatric population.

title: Cognitive function in XXXX with @entity3520 before and after deep brain stimulation.

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'Dystonia']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['primary dystonia', 'primary dystonias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Definitive diagnosis of @entity2 with conventional methods may sometimes be difficult in clinical practice. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein DNA polymerase that maintains the telomeric region of chromosomes during successive rounds of cell division. Telomerase activity in body cavity fluids has been advocated to be a potential diagnostic marker for @entity5 . We investigated the diagnostic value of telomerase activity in bronchial lavage samples of @entity1 undergoing diagnosis of @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 29 bronchial lavage samples were collected from @entity1 in whom the diagnosis was confirmed with cytological and/or histological examinations. @entity1 were classified as @entity2 @entity1 (Group 1, n = 22) and @entity1 with benign disease (Group 2, n = 7). Telomerase activity was determined with polymerase chain reaction-based TRAP (The telomeric repeat amplification protocol) assay. RESULTS: Cytological examination was diagnostic in 12 (54.5%) of 22 @entity1 in Group 1, and in all seven @entity1 of Group 2 (P = 0.063). Telomerase activity was positive in 16 (72.7%) of Group 1 @entity1 , while it was positive in only 1 (14.3%) sample of a @entity1997 in Group 2 (P = 0.011). The sensitivity rate of cytological examination when combined with telomerase activity (81.8%) was significantly greater than that of cytological examination alone (54.5%) (P = 0.031). The sensitivity and specificity of telomerase activity were 72.7 and 85.7%, respectively. Telomerase activity had a positive predictive value as 0.94 and negative predictive value as 0.50. Diagnostic accuracy of telomerase activity was 75.8%. CONCLUSION: Telomerase activity in bronchial lavage is a highly sensitive diagnostic biomarker for @entity5 and a potential complementary diagnostic technique to cytological examination in the diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: Detection of telomerase activity in bronchial lavage as an adjunct to cytological diagnosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['lung abscess']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Evidence of inflammatory phenomena associated with @entity731 plaques is extensive. @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) is one of the key modulators of the inflammatory response, and its activity is critically regulated by its receptor antagonist ( @entity10496 ). A variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in intron 2 of the @entity1 @entity10496 shows a common polymorphism that has been related to different production of @entity10496 and @entity1192 proteins. In monocytes, the less common allele 2 has been associated with an increased production of @entity10496 and a decreased production of @entity1192 . Moreover, a cooperative effect with a C to T polymorphism in the promoter of @entity1356 gene (C(-511)-->T) has been described. In the present study, we investigated the frequency of these polymorphisms in 110 subjects who survived an @entity385 , in 101 healthy age-matched individuals, and in a population-based sample of 1,303 healthy Italians. The frequency of the @entity4382 genotype was significantly higher in @entity64 survivors with respect to age-matched controls (77.2 and 45.5%, respectively; p < 0.001), and to the wide group of healthy Italians (77.2 and 51.9%, respectively; p < 0.001). As expected, the estimated frequency of the @entity10496 allele 1 (Ra*1 allele) in @entity64 survivors was higher than in age-matched controls (0.851 and 0.664, respectively; p < 0.001) and in healthy Italians (0.851 and 0.717, respectively; p < 0.001). Thus, @entity385 survivors that carry the Ra*1 allele showed a strong association with the disease with respect to age-matched controls [odds ratio (OR) = 3.905; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.110-7.229] and healthy Italians [OR = 3.256 (95% CI, 1.971-5.379)]. No significant association was seen for the @entity1356 (C(-511)-->T) polymorphism. However, in @entity64 survivors, an association between the Ra*1 allele and the C allele of the @entity1356 (-511) polymorphism was found (p < 0.001). Our results implicate the @entity10496 gene in the susceptibility to @entity385 , and suggest that @entity10496 genotyping may be useful in the identification of @entity1 subgroups for pharmacological intervention in @entity1192 production or actions.

title: Relevance of @entity1192 receptor antagonist intron-2 polymorphism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the long-term outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy compared with those of open nephrectomy. METHODS: Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was carried out in 132 @entity1 with @entity1358 (between November 1999 and November 2008). Their outcomes were compared with those of 61 @entity1 treated with open nephrectomy. The durations of follow up were 6-121 months (median 65 months) and 7-146 months (median 84 months) in the hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open nephrectomy groups, respectively. RESULTS: The 7-year recurrence-free rates were 88.5 and 85.6% in the hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open nephrectomy groups, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups. The 7-year @entity5 -specific survival rates were 92.3 and 91.4% in the hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open nephrectomy groups, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups. Also, the 10-year recurrence-free rates were 85.4 and 78.1% in the hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open nephrectomy groups, respectively. When changes in the recurrence-free rate were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. The 10-year @entity5 -specific survival rates were 91.8 and 87.9% for hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open nephrectomy, respectively, showing no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy might be comparable with open nephrectomy with regard to long-term @entity5 control.

title: Long-term outcome of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['T1 renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['T1 renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In pregnancy physiological mechanisms activated by maternal appetite contribute to adequate energy intake for the mother and for the fetus. The role of maternal appetite-related peptides and their possible association with neonatal energy stores and @entity413 metabolism have not been investigated as yet. The aim was to investigate, during pregnancy, the association of fasting maternal appetite-related hormones levels [ghrelin (active), @entity6757 (active), total @entity1942 and @entity1243 ] with neonatal waist, percent total body fat and insulin levels at birth. METHODS: Forty-two normal and thirty eight overweight @entity1 (mean  SD; age: 26.9  2.5years; pre-pregnancy BMI 26  2.2kg/m(2)) were seen during each of the three trimesters, had blood sampling and a 75g oral @entity413 tolerance test. At birth, neonates underwent anthropometry and cord blood sampling for @entity2690 , @entity413 , insulin. RESULTS: During all three trimesters maternal weight correlated positively with percent total neonatal body fat while during the second and third trimesters it correlated positively with birth weight. The second trimester maternal active ghrelin levels correlated positively with neonatal waist and were its best positive predictor. The third trimester maternal active ghrelin levels correlated positively with neonatal waist and negatively with percent total neonatal body fat, fetal cord blood insulin levels and were the best negative predictor of the latter. The third trimester maternal @entity1243 levels correlated negatively with neonatal waist. CONCLUSIONS: During pregnancy circulating maternal active ghrelin, a pro-appetite hormone, is associated with neonatal visceral energy storage (as expressed by neonatal waist). By inhibiting @entity413 -driven maternal insulin secretion, ghrelin might ensure adequate fasting @entity413 and nutrient supplies to the fetus while limiting overall fetal adipose tissue deposition.

title: Neonatal birth waist is positively predicted by second trimester maternal active ghrelin, a pro-appetite hormone, and negatively associated with third trimester maternal XXXX , a pro-satiety hormone.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: CONTEXT: Palliative fortnightly chemotherapy in @entity5 . AIMS: We present our experience with a regimen employing fortnightly (once in 2 weeks) injectable @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) (40 mg/m(2) ) in a predominantly elderly cohort of @entity1 with @entity1697 and oropharynx. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Retrospective chart review conducted at a rural @entity5 center in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 with oral cavity and @entity5 started on treatment with fortnightly injectable @entity1500 (40 mg/m(2) ) between 01/01/2011 and 31/12/2011. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The factors analyzed included the duration of disease control, @entity158 control, overall survival and progression free survival which were evaluated using the Kaplan Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 60 @entity1 with a median age of 66.5 years were analyzed. Majority of the @entity1 had poor nutritional status, performance status or co-morbidities. @entity1500 was given for recurrent disease in 19 @entity1 and after initial palliative radiotherapy in 41 @entity1 . The median number of cycles delivered was nine. Grade 3/4 @entity137 were seen in 2 @entity1 only. Disease control rate at the end of treatment was seen in 33 (55%) @entity1 . Median overall survival was 34 weeks (interquartile range: 17-50 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: The fortnightly regimen of @entity1500 was well-tolerated and showed a good clinical activity in this elderly cohort of @entity1 with advanced oral cavity and @entity5 .

title: Palliative low dose fortnightly @entity1499 in @entity5 : Experience at a rural XXXX centre from India.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancers', 'oral cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aetiology of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is complex and is influenced by a spectrum of environmental factors and susceptibility genes. Traditional statistical modelling considers such factors to act independently in an additive manner. The @entity1 Rule-Induction Method (PRIM) is a multi-model building strategy for evaluating risk attributable to context-dependent gene and environmental effects. METHODS: PRIM was applied to 9073 @entity1 from the prospective Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS). Gender-specific cumulative incidences were estimated for subgroups defined by categories of age, smoking, @entity101 , @entity6 , body mass index, total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 and @entity1674 and by 94 single @entity377 variants (SNVs).Cumulative incidences for subgroups were validated using an independently ascertained sample of 58   240 @entity1 from the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS). RESULTS: In the CCHS the overall cumulative incidences were 0.17 in @entity1 and 0.21 in @entity1 . PRIM identified six and four mutually exclusive subgroups in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively, with cumulative incidences of @entity299 ranging from 0.02 to 0.34. Cumulative incidences of @entity299 generated by PRIM in the CCHS were validated in four of the six subgroups of @entity1 and two of the four subgroups of @entity1 in the CGPS. CONCLUSIONS: PRIM identified high-risk subgroups characterized by specific contexts of selected values of traditional risk factors and genetic variants. These subgroups were validated in an independently ascertained cohort study. Thus, a multi-model strategy may identify groups of individuals with substantially higher risk of @entity299 than the overall risk for the general population.

title: Subgroups at high risk for XXXX :identification and validation in 67   000 individuals from the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical @entity130 occurring during saphenous vein graft harvesting plays a major role in graft failure after coronary bypass surgery. There is increasing evidence that neutrophil-endothelial interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of early graft occlusion. This study evaluates the effect of pressure distension on the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules in @entity1 saphenous vein. METHODS: Segments of saphenous vein graft (SVG) were collected from 20 @entity1 undergoing coronary bypass surgery. We evaluated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule ( @entity2071 ), vascular cell adhesion molecule ( @entity4725 ), and @entity8729 on SVG endothelium under basal conditions and after pressure distension at 300 mm Hg. In the same experimental setting we also evaluated adhesion of both unstimulated and activated neutrophils to the endothelium of SVG. RESULTS: Control endothelial cells exhibited only a weak staining for intercellular adhesion molecule ( @entity2071 ), vascular cell adhesion molecule ( @entity4725 ), and @entity8729 , whereas the levels of adhesion molecules increased significantly in the distended veins. Similarly, significantly greater adhesion of both unstimulated and activated neutrophils was observed in distended veins compared with control veins. CONCLUSIONS: Pressure distension of SVG before coronary bypass surgery induces upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules, with subsequent increase in neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium. Neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells may contribute to early failure of SVG.

title: Pressure distension stimulates the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules in the XXXX saphenous vein graft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1494 voiding is a complex mechanism depending upon interplay among detrusor, urothelium, sensory and motor neurons and connective tissue cells. The identity of some of the latter cells is still controversial. We presently attempted to clarify their phenotype(s) in the @entity1 urinary bladder by @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) and immunohistochemistry. At this latter aim, we used @entity2280 , @entity675 , @entity1970 , @entity2467 and @entity4015 antibodies. Both, @entity1579 and immunohistochemistry, showed cells that, sharing several telocyte (TC) characteristics, we identified as TC; these cells, however, differed from each other in some ultrastructural features and immunolabelling according to their location. @entity675 /calret-positive, @entity2280 / @entity2467 -negative TC were located in the sub-urothelium and distinct in two subtypes whether, similarly to myofibroblasts, they were @entity1970 -positive and had attachment plaques. The sub-urothelial TC formed a mixed network with myofibroblasts and were close to numerous nerve endings, many of which nNOS-positive. A third TC subtype, @entity675 / @entity1970 / @entity2467 -negative, @entity2280 /calret-positive, ultrastructurally typical, was located in the submucosa and detrusor. Briefly, in the @entity1 bladder, we found three TC subtypes. Each subtype likely forms a network building a 3-D scaffold able to follow the @entity1494 and relaxation and avoiding anomalous wall deformation. The TC located in the sub-urothelium, a region considered a sort of sensory system for the micturition reflex, as forming a network with myofibroblasts, possessing specialized junctions with extracellular matrix and being close to nerve endings, might have a role in bladder reflexes. In conclusions, the urinary bladder contains peculiar TC able to adapt their morphology to the organ activity.

title: Telocytes subtypes in XXXX urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder wall distension', 'Urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our preliminary experience and evaluate our early results of a combined intraoperative iliac angioplasty and stenting with infrainguinal revascularization in multilevel @entity731 . METHODS: From July 1999 to April 2000, intraoperative iliac angioplasty and stenting combined with simultaneous femoro-popliteal bypass were performed on 12 lower extremities of 10 @entity1 suffering from multilevel @entity731 . There were 8 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , average 72 years. The indications for procedures included disabling @entity613 in 3 and @entity158 in 7 @entity1 . RESULTS: Eleven iliac angioplasty and stent procedures combined with simultaneous 9 femoro-popliteal by-pass and 3 femoro-femoral-popliteal bypass were performed in 12 limbs of 10 @entity1 . Angioplasty and stent placement was technically successful in all @entity1 . One contralateral femoral-popliteal bypass was failure after femoro-femoral-popliteal bypass. There were no additional instances of procedural or postoperative morbidity or mortality. Mean follow-up was 5 months (range 1 approximately 10 months). During the follow-up period, one femoro-infrapopliteal graft became occluded after 7 months and above-knee amputation was required. The cumulative primary patency rate of stented iliac arteries, femoro-femoral bypass grafts and femoro-popliteal bypass grafts were 100% (11/11), 100% (3/3) and 90.9% (10/11) in the follow-up period, respectively. The amputation rate was 8.3% (1/12). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative iliac artery PTA and stent placement can be safely and effectively performed simultaneously with infrainguinal revascularization for multilevel @entity731 by skilled vascular surgeon, using a portable C arm fluoroscopy inthe operating room. Furthermore, iliac artery PTA and stenting was valuable adjunct to distal bypass either to improve inflow and outflow, or to reduce the extent of traditional surgical intervention, and also, any angioplasty and stenting-related complications can be immediately corrected as well.

title: Combined intraoperative iliac artery stents and femoro-popliteal bypass for multilevel XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Electron microscopy has been for decades a basic morphological method still used in diagnostic protocols of some pathological conditions affecting the ultrastructure of cells and extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was an ultrastructural description of gingiva of @entity1 with @entity5684 and @entity29883 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Gingival biopsies were obtained during surgical periodontal treatment from a 9-year-old @entity1 with @entity66 (with enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant @entity1 idursulphase) and a 15-year-old @entity1 with @entity29883 . Gingival samples obtained from the upper anterior region were processed and examined with transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: In the case of @entity5684 due to the genetic lack of one lysosomal enzyme, an intercellular accumulation of glycosaminoglycans occurs. Within the gingiva of a @entity1 with @entity5684 we observed membrane-bound storage vesicles in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts, endothelial cells of capillaries, surface epithelial cells, mast cells, and macrophages. Despite a long-term enzyme replacement therapy which improves clinical manifestations of @entity5684 , on the cellular level we still found marked accumulations of glycosaminoglycans in the cytoplasm of different cells as well as in the extracellular matrix. @entity29883 is a benign, slowly progressive and non-inflammatory @entity1283 with a predominance of randomly oriented collagen fibrils in the @entity2522 propria. Some of these fibrils exhibited loops. Another unusual ultrastructural finding is the presence of empty perinuclear space in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. The origin and significance of these non-membrane bound spaces are unknown. CONCLUSION: In both genetically determined diseases, the electron microscopic examination may be useful, and physicians get relevant information about the progress of illness.

title: The significance of electron microscopic examination of gingiva in cases of XXXX and @entity29883 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Hunter disease']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['gingival enlargement']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival lamina']

entities_list: @entity29883 :: ('MESH:C562884', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary gingival fibromatosis', 'hereditary gingival fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity5684 :: ('MESH:D016532', 'Disease') :: ['Hunter syndrome']

answer: @entity5684 :: (MESH:D016532,Disease) :: ['Hunter syndrome']


abstract: To examine the relationship between @entity5 and development of @entity9818 ( @entity9818 ), the medical records of @entity1 with known @entity9818 were examined in one institution from January 1981 to December 2002. Nine out of 93 @entity1 with the established diagnosis of @entity9818 had active @entity5 . All nine of those @entity1 had @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ). Among those @entity1 , two @entity1 received chemotherapy prior to the development of @entity2106 . Six of the seven @entity1 who received no chemotherapy had extensive @entity236 and secondary @entity4018 . There were two @entity1 each with @entity0 , and @entity5 . @entity417 and @entity882 with leukoerythroblastosis were prominent clinical features in all six @entity1 . Four @entity1 had neurological (mental) changes and three developed @entity221 , but none had significant @entity8 . Upon establishing the diagnosis of @entity2106 , four @entity1 were treated with exchange plasmapheresis (EP) and two @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy because there were no neurological changes. Three @entity1 achieved complete remission of @entity2106 , one with EP alone and two with chemotherapy. The one @entity1 who achieved remission with EP alone was later treated with chemotherapy and survived for 2 1/2 years. The other three @entity1 treated with EP alone died within 2 months after the diagnosis of @entity2106 . Since @entity2106 occurred in association with @entity236 and @entity4018 in six @entity1 among seven chemotherapy-untreated @entity5 @entity1 , this marrow change was considered to be the possible cause of the development of @entity2106 . It is recommended that all @entity5 @entity1 with unexplained @entity417 and @entity882 be evaluated for the coexistence of @entity236 and @entity2106 .

title: @entity2106 associated with XXXX and secondary @entity4018 in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['TM', 'thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer, lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Severe anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow metastasis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study of subjects with @entity924 ( @entity924 ). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to establish the @entity922 ( @entity922 ) on the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment - Achilles Questionnaire (VISA-A) and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) for @entity1 with @entity924 . BACKGROUND: The VISA-A and LEFS are two measures commonly utilized for @entity1 with @entity924 . Previous authors have estimated the @entity922 for the VISA-A, but a @entity922 has not been formally established. The @entity922 for the LEFS has been established for @entity1 with lower extremity conditions in general, but it is not clear if this @entity922 is applicable to @entity1 with @entity924 . METHODS: Fifteen subjects participating in a randomized controlled trial studying the effectiveness of intervention for @entity924 over a 12-week period were included in this study. Subjects completed the VISA-A and LEFS forms at baseline and 12 weeks after the initiation of treatment. All subjects also completed a 15-point global rating of change (GROC) questionnaire at 12 weeks after the initiation of treatment. Subjects were classified as improved or stable based on their GROC scores. RESULTS: The area under the curve (AUC) for the VISA-A was 0.97 and a @entity922 of 6.5 points was identified. The AUC for the LEFS was 0.97 and a @entity922 of 12 points was identified. CONCLUSION: The VISA-A and LEFS are both useful outcome measures to assess response in @entity1 with @entity924 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: THE MINIMUM CLINICALLY IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE ON THE VISA-A AND LEFS FOR XXXX WITH INSERTIONAL ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['insertional Achilles tendinopathy', 'IAT']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimum clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood flow mediates the metabolic and endocrine roles of adipose tissue. We have previously shown that the postprandial adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) increase is dependent on insulin sensitivity. However, subcutaneous local insulin delivery had no demonstrable effect on either preprandial or postprandial ATBF. We hypothesized that insulin may act indirectly via sympathetic activation, mainly in the postprandial period, and that @entity842 may be an overall major regulator of subcutaneous ATBF. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated the endogenous preprandial and postprandial regulation of ATBF by applying local tissue blockade of beta-adrenergic ( @entity1169 ), alpha-adrenergic ( @entity5521 and @entity3160 ), and @entity842 ( @entity7293 , @entity7293 ) regulation of blood flow. Healthy subjects (body mass index, 18 to 31 kg/m2) were challenged with 75 g @entity413 for endogenous stimulation of ATBF. We used the novel "microinfusion" technique, which allows for simultaneous local delivery of pharmacological agents (or contralateral saline) and measurement of ATBF with the 133Xe washout method. Compared with control, the preprandial ATBF was not affected by @entity1169 but was increased by 21% (P<0.013) and 15% (P=0.004) with @entity5521 and @entity3160 , respectively. A decrease of 42% (2.97+/-0.33 versus 4.75+/-0.47 mL x @entity1009 ) x 100 g tissue(-1), P<0.01) was seen with @entity7293 . The postprandial response was blunted by 58% (0.81+/-0.42 versus 1.90+/-0.44 mL x @entity1009 ) x 100 g tissue(-1), P<0.004) with @entity1169 , but neither @entity5521 , @entity3160 , or @entity7293 altered this response. CONCLUSIONS: @entity842 seems to determine the absolute level of ATBF, whereas a major proportion of the postprandial enhancement of ATBF is under beta-adrenergic regulation in vivo in @entity1 .

title: @entity842 and beta-adrenergic stimulation are major regulators of preprandial and postprandial subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic antiplatelet therapy in the post-acute phase of non-cardioembolic @entity385 is limited by the risk of @entity932 ( @entity932 ) complications. METHODS: We developed an @entity932 risk score based on the PERFORM trial cohort (n = 19,100), which included @entity1 with a non-cardioembolic @entity385 or transient @entity63 attack, and externally validated this score in one contemporary trial of very similar size and inclusion criteria, the PRoFESS trial (n = 20,332 @entity1 ). Outcome was @entity932 over 2 years. A Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis identified risk factors. Discrimination was quantified with c-statistics and calibration was assessed by comparing predicted and observed @entity932 risk in PERFORM and PRoFESS. RESULTS: @entity932 occurred within 2 years in 263 (1.4%) @entity1 in PERFORM trial and in 246 (1.2%) @entity1 in PRoFESS trial. A 13-point score based on 9 items (Intracranial-B2LEED3S score - low body mass index, blood pressure, lacune, elderly, Asian ethnicity, coronary artery or @entity66 history, dual antithrombotic agent or oral anticoagulant, gender) was derived from the PERFORM trial. In PERFORM, the observed 2-year @entity932 risk varied from 0.75% in low-risk (score <= 2) to 2.44% in high-risk @entity1 (score >= 5) with an acceptable calibration but a low discrimination both in PERFORM (c-statistic 0.64, 95% CI 0.61-0.68) and on external validation in PRoFESS (0.58, 95% CI 0.55-0.62). CONCLUSION: The Intracranial-B2LEED3S score helps identify @entity1 who are at a high risk of @entity548 . However, other variables need to be identified to improve the score (e.g., microbleeds) (Clinical Trial Registration Information ISRCTN66157730). URL: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN66157730?totalResults=5_pageSize=10_page=1_searchType=basic-search_offset=3_q=_filters=conditionCategory%3ACirculatory+System%2CrecruitmentCountry%3ATaiwan%2CrecruitmentCountry%3AAustria_sort=.

title: The Intracranial-B2LEED3S Score and the Risk of Intracranial XXXX in @entity385 Patients Under Antiplatelet Treatment.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 718 Background: @entity0 is a @entity102 , and no treatment may be considered as the standard approach. Therapeutic options should take into account both the efficacy and the tolerability of drugs, with the aim of reducing side effects, while improving survival. METHODS: We investigated therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of a combination of V plus ciFu and weekly low-dose E (VEFU regimen) in pts with @entity0 . Also the role of reintroduction of E was assessed in pts previously exposed to @entity8253 (As), in whom no resistance to these drugs was observed (neither in the adjuvant nor in advanced disease setting). Thirty-two pts were treated; 29 pts were evaluable for response, 32 for @entity137 . Median age 56 yrs (range: 29-70); PS 0/1: 15/17; 8 pre-and 24 postmenopausal. Sixteen had chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Seven pts had previous As (1 as adjuvant therapy, 5 for metastatic disease, and 1 in both adjuvant and metastatic settings) and 11 had previous FU as bolus injection with V. Treatment consisted of ciFU (200 mg /m(2)/die), V (20 mg/dose, i.v., on day 1 and 3) and weekly E (20 mg/m(2) in 6 pts and 30 mg/m(2) in 26 pts). Courses were repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: CR was observed in 4 pts (14%); PR in 10 (34%), for an overall response rate of 48%. In addition, 4 pts (14%) had a minor response, 7 had a @entity168 (24%) and 4 progressed while on treatment (14%). Two of 7 pts pretreated with As had a CR, 2 a PR, 2 a MR and 1 @entity168 . Grade 3-4 @entity3028 was observed in 33% of pts with E 20 mg/m(2) and in 62% of those who had E 30 mg/m(2). No neutropenic feverwas observed. Treatment was subjectively well tolerated with grade 2 @entity390 and @entity391 only in 23% of pts receiving E 30 mg/m(2); grade 2 @entity1665 was observed in 17% of pts receiving E 20 mg/m(2) and 58% in those receiving E 30 mg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS: This combination chemotherapy is effective, well tolerated and warrants further studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: An effective chemotherapy regimen for patients with heavily pretreated @entity0 ( XXXX ) using vinorelbine (V) administered with weekly epirubicin (E) and continuous infusion of 5- fluorouracil (CIFU.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['MBC']


abstract: To evaluate the prognostic impact of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) expression on immune surveillance in @entity14 , we studied 88 curatively resected @entity5 for @entity1529 and @entity1530 /C expression and correlated these data to clinical and histopathological parameters. @entity1529 was normal (all @entity5 cells had HLA expression) in 32%, reduced (HLA-negative and -positive @entity5 cells coexisted) in 56%, or absent (no @entity5 cells expressed HLA) in 12% of evaluable cases. @entity1530 /C was normal in 47%, reduced in 47%, and absent in 7% of the cases. Considering both markers, total HLA-I expression was normal in 27%, reduced in 63%, absent in 7%, and could not be evaluated in 3% of the cases due to absent @entity1529 expression in @entity5 and normal cells. Down-regulation of @entity1529 expression significantly correlated with a lower @entity5 stage (p = 0.005), @entity5 (p = 0.05), a lower incidence of recurrences (p = 0.03), and a longer disease-free survival (p = 0.02). Down-regulation of @entity1530 /C expression correlated with a lower @entity5 stage (p < 0.001) and a longer disease-free survival (p = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, @entity1529 down-regulation was the only prognostic factor correlated with a longer disease-free survival (p = 0.02). Six @entity5 were negative for @entity17374 and did not recur during follow-up. Therefore, we analyzed @entity124 ( @entity124 ) in these cases. Three of these six @entity5 indeed showed down-regulation of @entity6756 , @entity4311 , or @entity4638 , indicating a @entity124 -high phenotype. @entity2262 protein expression was lost in five of six of the HLA-I-negative cases, but frame shift mutations in three repetitive sequences in @entity2262 were absent. In contrast, loss of @entity6756 , @entity4311 , and @entity4638 -protein expression was only observed in two of nine matched controls with reduced or normal @entity17374 expression. Our data showed that HLA-I was down-regulated in 72% of @entity14 and provided independent prognostic information for a longer disease-free survival. The better prognosis may be caused by elimination of HLA-negative cells by natural killer cells or by an attenuated @entity146 , as is seen in @entity5 with a @entity124 -high phenotype.

title: Down-regulation of XXXX expression correlates with a better prognosis in @entity14 patients.

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin', 'Beta-2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1529 :: (3105,Gene) :: ['HLA-A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effectiveness of a new material, @entity12316 ( @entity12316 ), in a spinal cage used in performing cervical spinal fusion for the correction of cervical @entity1513 . METHODS: A total of 80 @entity1 with @entity3799 were divided into two groups. @entity1 in Group A (40 @entity1 ) underwent microdiscectomy and @entity12316 cage fusion, and @entity1 in Group B (40 @entity1 ) were treated with microdisectomy and autogenous iliac crest graft (AICG) fusion. We evaluated the @entity1 for cervical @entity1515 , the height of the foramina, the cross sectional area of the foramina, and fusion status on the basis of x-rays. The @entity1 ' neurological and functional outcomes were assessed on the basis of the Prolo scale. Magnetic resonance imaging was also performed for spinal cord evaluation. RESULTS: The use of the @entity12316 cage in @entity1 who undergo spinal fusion may increase cervical @entity1515 (mean, 2.33 +/- 3.00 mm; P = 0.03), whereas AICG fusion may not (mean, -0.84 +/- 6.69 mm; P = 0.49). The use of the @entity12316 cage was found to increase the height of the foramina (mean, 2.54 +/- 1.40 mm; P = 0.00) and increase its cross sectional area (mean, 40.36 +/- 23.53 mm2; P = 0.00). The height of the foramina increased only in the @entity12316 group postoperatively. The cross sectional area of the foramina increased in both groups postoperatively. The complication rate in @entity1 who underwent fusion procedures with the @entity12316 cage was less than that in @entity1 who underwent fusion with AICG fusion (2.50 versus 17.50%; P = 0.03). Both groups had a satisfactory fusion rate (100 versus 93.1%). The @entity1 ' postoperative Prolo scale scores were statistically better in the @entity12316 group (8.50 +/- 1.49 versus 7.17 +/- 2.13; P = 0.00), and more @entity1 in the @entity12316 group than in the AICG group achieved excellent outcomes (66.63 versus 28.57%; P = 0.00). Because @entity12316 is radiotransparent on x-rays and few artifacts are seen on magnetic resonance imaging scans, it is better suited than autogenous iliac crest donor material for postoperative radiographic evaluation. CONCLUSION: The @entity12316 cage provides solid fusion, @entity1515 , and increased height and cross sectional area of the foramina. There are few complications associated with the use of this cage, and the functional and neurological outcomes are satisfactory. It also facilitates postoperative x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. The @entity12316 cage is therefore a good substitute for AICG fusion in @entity1 with @entity3799 .

title: Preliminary experience using a @entity12316 ( XXXX ) cage in the treatment of @entity3799 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'increased cervical lordosis']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['PEEK', 'polyetheretherketone']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical disc disease', 'various cervical diseases']

answer: @entity12316 :: (MESH:C063834,Chemical) :: ['PEEK']


abstract: It has been suggested that ultrasound image attributes are a potential indicator of physiological and functional status of the corpus luteum (CL) in several species, including @entity291 . The aims of this study were to evaluate CL morphological, functional and echotextural characteristics, and also to investigate the hypothesis that those attributes are correlated and change similarly throughout an estrous cycle. Ovaries of crossbred ( @entity291 taurus x @entity7040 ) heifers were evaluated using ultrasonography daily throughout an interestrus interval using a B-mode, real-time ultrasound machine equipped with a 5 MHz linear-array rectal transducer, during a natural estrous cycle (Experiment 1; n=12) or during a shortened cycle, with luteolysis induction 10d after estrus (Experiment 2; n=6). Blood samples were collected for assay of plasma @entity1420 concentrations. Corpora lutea areas were measured and daily images of each CL were videotaped and digitized for computer-assisted analysis using custom-developed software. In Experiment 1, area of luteal tissue increased until a maximum value 10d after estrus (P<0.001), followed by a plateau phase, and then a decline beginning 14 d after estrus. Luteal tissue area was highly correlated to plasma @entity1420 concentrations (r=0.86; P<0.001). When luteolysis was induced in Experiment 2, loss of CL function (decrease in plasma @entity1420 concentrations to metestrous values) preceded tissue regression by 48 h (24h compared with 72 h; P<0.001). The mean pixel value of ultrasound images did not change in Experiment 1 (P>0.70), but a day effect on this attribute was observed in Experiment 2 (P=0.052). In contrast, mean pixel value was correlated to plasma @entity1420 concentrations in Experiment 1 (r=-0.63; P<0.05), but not in Experiment 2 (r=-0.28; P>0.10). In regard to CL heterogeneity, defined as the standard deviation of the mean pixel value of the luteal tissue, a time effect was observed following both natural (Experiment 1; P<0.009) and luteolysis-induced (Experiment 2; P<0.05) estrous cycles (P<0.05). Moreover, this variable was correlated with plasma @entity1420 concentrations (r=-0.71 and -0.58 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively; P<0.01), indicating that CL images were more heterogeneous during metestrus and after luteolysis (functional regression). In summary, morphological and echotextural attributes were correlated with CL function and underwent similar changes during the estrous cycle. Luteal tissue heterogeneity, assessed by ultrasonography, is considered a potential indicator of CL functional status, because it is correlated to circulating @entity1420 concentrations.

title: Interrelationships among morphology, echotexture, and function of the XXXX corpus luteum during the estrous cycle.

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Bos taurus', 'cattle']

entities_list: @entity7040 :: ('9915', 'Species') :: ['Bos taurus indicus']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity56 ( @entity56 ) is an @entity401 caused by unresolved @entity32 and tissue repair pathologies triggered by repeated organic dust exposure. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in levels of the @entity20474 ( @entity20474 ), laminin ( @entity54137 ), selected Toll-like receptors (TLR) and chemokines in experimental @entity56 in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three and 18-month-old female C57BL/6J @entity19 underwent inhalations of the saline extract of @entity5133 cells, Gram-negative bacterium common in organic dust and known for its pathogenic impact. The inhalations were repeated daily (28 days). ELISA was used for measuring in lung tissue homogenates concentration of @entity20474 , @entity54137 , @entity8932 , @entity1990 , @entity9226 , @entity12426 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand) and @entity15369 . RESULTS: Levels of @entity8932 , @entity1990 and @entity12426 were significantly higher in both young and old @entity19 lungs already after 7 days of inhalations, while significant increase of @entity54137 and @entity15369 was noted after 28 days, compared to untreated samples. @entity9226 level was significantly augmented only in young @entity19 . Only @entity20474 level significantly declined. Significantly higher @entity9226 and @entity12426 concentration in untreated samples were noted in old animals compared to young ones. CONCLUSION: Significant alterations of the examined factors levels indicate their role in @entity56 pathogenesis.

title: XXXX , laminin, Toll-like receptors and chemokines levels in experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5133 :: ('549', 'Species') :: ['Pantoea agglomerans']

entities_list: @entity20474 :: ('12796(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['cathelicidin related antimicrobial peptide', 'CRAMP']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivity pneumonitis', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity20474 :: (12796(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cathelicidin related antimicrobial peptide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies provide conflicting results about whether @entity1 are at higher risk than @entity1 for @entity1031 in the setting of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). We examined data from a large contemporary cohort of @entity955 @entity1 to address this question. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively studied 13,559 adults with @entity955 and recorded data on @entity1 ' clinical characteristics and the occurrence of incident hospitalizations for @entity385 , @entity1897 , and major hemorrhagic events through searching validated computerized databases and medical record review. We compared event rates by @entity1 sex using multivariable log-linear regression, adjusting for clinical risk factors for @entity64 , and stratifying by @entity1229 use. We identified 394 @entity385 and peripheral embolic events during 15,494 @entity1 -years of follow-up off @entity1229 . After multivariable analysis, @entity1 had higher annual rates of @entity1031 off @entity1229 than did @entity1 (3.5% versus 1.8%; adjusted rate ratio [RR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.9). There was no significant difference by sex in 30-day mortality after @entity1031 (23% for both). @entity1229 use was associated with significantly lower adjusted @entity1031 rates for both @entity1 and @entity1 (RR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.5; and RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.8, respectively), with similar annual rates of major @entity548 (1.0% and 1.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 are at higher risk than @entity1 for @entity955 -related @entity1031 off @entity1229 . @entity1229 therapy appears be as effective in @entity1 , if not more so, than in @entity1 , with similar rates of major @entity548 . Female sex is an independent risk factor for @entity1031 and should influence the decision to use anticoagulant therapy in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Gender differences in the risk of XXXX in @entity955 : the @entity955 ( @entity955 ) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke and peripheral embolism']


abstract: @entity323 are not uncommon, especially in @entity1 suffering from @entity209 and from a number of circulatory and @entity146 problems. @entity6708 diesterase inhibitors, such as @entity7855 , have proven to be beneficial in the treatment of many such conditions. Our @entity1 , all of them complaining of @entity323 , were treated with @entity7855 (50 mg, thrice a week for 6 weeks). All @entity1 reported beneficial effects and were not clinically distinguishable (interview and Doppler scores). We sampled blood for systemic circulation (cubital vein) and from penis (corpora cavernosa) before and after prolonged @entity7855 treatment, and measured @entity1507 (+ @entity3542 ) levels in plasma and in red blood cells (RBCs). Hemoglobin is a powerful catalyst of NO oxidation to @entity1507 , and we thought that @entity1507 in RBC might be a more sensitive parameter than plasma @entity1507 . We found that the ratio of penile vs systemic blood plasma @entity1507 was similar in all @entity1 before or after @entity7855 treatment. On the other hand, the same parameter measured in RBC showed that, at the beginning of treatment, @entity1 could be divided into two groups: one with a high ratio and the other with a low ratio. Therefore, clinically similar @entity1 could be biochemically divided into two populations. The difference disappeared after treatment, thus hinting at a curative effect of the drug. The mechanisms underlying this behavior are still unknown and the clinical implication of two populations that can be distinguished by RBC @entity1507 is yet to be evaluated.

title: XXXX and NO: variations of NO penile blood levels before and after @entity7855 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['Erectile dysfunction']


abstract: Sleep deprivation for one night induces mood improvement in @entity308 @entity1 , an action that probably involves the serotonergic ( @entity750 ) system. In animals, @entity1949 and pharmacologic treatment with antidepressants exert similar effects on @entity750 neurotransmission, notably functional desensitization of @entity19472 autoreceptors located on @entity750 neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). However, in stressful conditions, @entity2819 can also induce a desensitization of these autoreceptors. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the mechanisms of this adaptation during @entity1949 and the possible involvement of @entity2819 , we studied the effects of an 18-hour @entity1949 , by forced locomotion, on @entity19472 -mediated firing response of DRN @entity750 neurons in @entity19 with impaired glucocorticoid-receptor expression (GR-i) and in wild-type animals. We also examined the effects of chronic treatment with the antidepressant drug @entity905 in the same paradigm. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: In both wild-type and GR-i @entity19 , the 18-hour @entity1949 or @entity905 treatment had no effect on the spontaneous firing of @entity750 neurons recorded under anesthesia. However, @entity1949 decreased the potency of the @entity19472 agonist @entity10097 to inhibit @entity750 neuronal firing in wild-type @entity19 , whereas it had no effect in GR-i animals. Conversely, after chronic @entity905 treatment, the induced reduction of this @entity19472 autoreceptor-driven response was of larger amplitude in GR-i than in wild-type @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that glucocorticoid-receptor activation by @entity2819 participates in the antidepressant-like adaptive changes in @entity19472 autoreceptors in sleep-deprived @entity19 . On the other hand, GR-i animals exhibited enhanced @entity19472 autoreceptor desensitization induced by @entity905 , in line with data in other animal models of @entity308 .

title: Glucocorticoid receptor-dependent desensitization of @entity19472 autoreceptors by XXXX : studies in GR-i @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['sleep deprivation']


abstract: Functional recovery after transplantation of dopaminergic cells into the lesioned striatum is dependent on widespread diffusion of the transmitter released by the graft. In the present study, we investigated the diffusion parameters of the extracellular space in the striatum of control, @entity2955 -lesioned, intrastriatally grafted, and sham-grafted @entity35 in vivo. We used two types of grafts-single macrografts or multiple micrografts. The real-time iontophoretic @entity30715 method enabled us to extract three extracellular space diffusion parameters: volume fraction, alpha, tortuosity, lambda, and nonspecific uptake of @entity30715 , k'. Compared with controls (alpha = 0.19, lambda = 1.59), in lesioned animals both alpha and lambda were lower (alpha = 0.14, lambda = 1.50). alpha and lambda were increased inside macro-and micrografts, where alpha = 0.24 and lambda = 1.80, and in sham-grafted areas, where alpha = 0.24 and lambda = 1.72. In regions outside the grafts (alpha = 0.15, lambda = 1.51) or in sham grafts (alpha = 0.14, lambda = 1.49), the values of alpha and lambda were similar to the values observed in lesioned striatum. Nonspecific uptake (k') did not differ among the groups. Our results show that, compared with control, alpha and lambda were decreased in @entity935 -depleted areas and increased in areas with grafts. Multiple but smaller graft deposits, in contrast to their enlarged capability for dopaminergic reinnervation, impair the conditions for diffusion and extrasynaptic transmission in a larger area of the striatum than do single macrografts, presumably because of more extensive tissue damage, cell loss, and astrogliosis.

title: Diffusion parameters in the striatum of XXXX with @entity2955 -induced lesions and with fetal mesencephalic grafts.

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity30715 :: ('MESH:C027917', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3800 are involved in the development of @entity263 . @entity585 , an inhibitor of @entity10831 , inhibits the conversion of @entity251 to @entity586 , the primary @entity342 in the prostate, and may reduce the risk of @entity263 . METHODS: In the @entity263 Prevention Trial, we randomly assigned 18,882 @entity1 55 years of age or older with a normal digital rectal examination and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 3.0 ng per milliliter or lower to treatment with @entity585 (5 mg per day) or placebo for seven years. Prostate biopsy was recommended if the annual PSA level, adjusted for the effect of @entity585 , exceeded 4.0 ng per milliliter or if the digital rectal examination was abnormal. It was anticipated that 60 percent of @entity1 would have @entity263 diagnosed during the study or would undergo biopsy at the end of the study. The primary end point was the prevalence of @entity263 during the seven years of the study. RESULTS: @entity263 was detected in 803 of the 4368 @entity1 in the @entity585 group who had data for the final analysis (18.4 percent) and 1147 of the 4692 @entity1 in the placebo group who had such data (24.4 percent), for a 24.8 percent reduction in prevalence over the seven-year period (95 percent confidence interval, 18.6 to 30.6 percent; P<0.001). Tumors of Gleason grade 7, 8, 9, or 10 were more common in the @entity585 group (280 of 757 @entity5 [37.0 percent], or 6.4 percent of the 4368 @entity1 included in the final analysis) than in the placebo group (237 of 1068 @entity5 [22.2 percent], P<0.001 for the comparison between groups; or 5.1 percent of the 4692 @entity1 included in the final analysis, P=0.005 for the comparison between groups). @entity458 were more common in @entity585 -treated @entity1 , whereas urinary symptoms were more common in @entity1 receiving placebo. CONCLUSIONS: @entity585 prevents or delays the appearance of @entity263 , but this possible benefit and a reduced risk of urinary problems must be weighed against @entity458 and the increased risk of high-grade @entity263 .

title: The influence of @entity585 on the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['Finasteride', 'finasteride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual side effects', 'Sexual side effects']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgens']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: With the introduction of the blood chemistry multichannel autoanalyzer, @entity459 ( @entity2742 ) is increasingly diagnosed. The clinical pattern of primary @entity2742 has undergone a significant evolution in Western countries. A similar change can be documented in a geographic region where this condition is considered to be relatively uncommon. DESIGN: Unselected case series. SETTING: A tertiary referral endocrine surgical unit. @entity1 : All @entity1 with primary @entity2742 surgically treated over the past 30 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of @entity1 per 100,000 hospital admissions, clinical presentation, biochemistry study results, pathologic status, and main outcome were compared over three 10-year spans according to the introduction of the multichannel autoanalyzer in 1982: 1973-1982 (n = 20), 1983-1992 (n = 31), and 1993-2002 (n = 190). RESULTS: A 7-fold increase in the prevalence of @entity1 with primary @entity2742 who were surgically treated per 100,000 hospital admissions was observed over the past 10 years. The clinical presentation of @entity1 with primary @entity2742 had evolved progressively with a higher proportion of older @entity1 (P<.001) being asymptomatic. On presentation, the condition had decreased in severity with lower serum @entity460 (P =.04), parathyroid hormone (P<.001), and alkaline phosphatase levels (P<.001) as well as a smaller adenoma size (P<.001). There was no significant change in the underlying pathologic condition and surgical success. CONCLUSION: Similar to the West but in contrast to that observed in other Asian countries, an increase in the prevalence of @entity1 surgically treated for primary @entity2742 is documented and a change in disease presentation as well as its severity is observed in our population group.

title: Surgical treatment for XXXX in Hong Kong: changes in clinical pattern over 3 decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The role of orthotopic liver transplantation for the treatment of benign solid @entity96 (BSLT) is not well defined. OBJECTIVE: To analyze outcomes in the United Network of Organ Sharing data set of @entity1 with a diagnosis of BSLT who underwent transplantation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A retrospective analysis of the United Network of Organ Sharing data set was performed for all (N   =   87,280) @entity1 who underwent transplantation for BSLT in the United States from October 1, 1988, through January 31, 2013. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, distribution of the procedures by region and state, and overall survival rates. RESULTS: During the study period, 147 liver transplants (0.17%) were to treat BSLT. Sixty-two @entity1 (42.2%) had @entity652 , 29 (19.7%) had @entity4383 , 25 (17.0%) had @entity2695 , 11 (7.5%) had @entity99 , and 20 (13.6%) were classified as having unknown @entity5 . The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 90.9%, 85.2%, and 81.8%, respectively. Using multivariable analysis, we found that age was the only independent factor associated with @entity1 survival. The overall 5-year survival rate for @entity1 older than 50 years was 88% compared with 91% in younger individuals (95% CI, 148-384; P   =   .005). Region 3 (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Puerto Rico) contributed the maximum number (33 [22.4%]) of these transplants. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although liver transplantation cannot be considered a first-line treatment, it is a valid therapeutic option in selected @entity1 who are not amenable to resection. Only 0.17% of the transplants in the United States are performed for this indication, with satisfying long-term results. Age was an independent predictor of @entity1 survival. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of liver transplantation in the treatment of BSLT.

title: Role of transplantation in the treatment of benign solid XXXX of the liver: a review of the United Network of Organ Sharing data set.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) have been reported to aid in the functional recovery from @entity64 and hold promise as a novel treatment for a variety of @entity16 . There is a need for imaging tools to study the in vivo migratory behavior of these cells. METHODS: C17.2 @entity1358 , stably transfected with firefly luciferase, were serially imaged through intact skull and skin by bioluminescence imaging over 2 to 3 weeks in nu/nu @entity19 with closed-vessel middle cerebral artery @entity1188 , followed by contralateral intraparenchymal or intraventricular injections of @entity1358 . RESULTS: @entity1358 migrated to the site of @entity1188 from the contraleral parenchyma, crossing the midline at 7 days. In control animals without @entity1188 , @entity1358 remained at the site of administration. Intraventricular cell administration resulted in a wide distribution of cells, including the site of @entity1188 . Within the @entity1188 area, @entity1358 colabeled with the neuronal marker @entity7079 and with astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. The time course and magnitude of @entity1358 recruitment were longitudinally compared between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1358 recruitment to @entity1188 can be assessed noninvasively by serial in vivo imaging. Images correlate well with histological cell distributions. @entity1358 are recruited to @entity1188 with both parenchymal and cerebrospinal fluid administration, but higher initial photon counts suggest that cerebrospinal fluid administration is more efficient at early @entity1188 seeding.

title: Imaging of stem cell recruitment to XXXX in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'Neural progenitor cells']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['ischemic infarcts']