abstract: OBJECTIVE: To decrease the number of open excisional breast biopsies, percutaneous breast biopsies have been developed to perform the histologic diagnosis of non-palpable @entity1558 . Some techniques allow a complete removal of small radiologic lesions. To evaluate the accuracy of a pathologic analysis performed only on the radiologic findings, we studied the radiologic and histologic correlation on open excisional biopsy (OEB) specimens. The aim of our study was to determine how many @entity189 were found distant from the radiologic findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Non-palpable @entity1558 have been excised after preoperative localization. The radiologic findings were classified in microcalcifications, masses, architectural distortion and in sonographic masses. The correlation between the radiologic and pathologic findings was studied and all the lesions incidentally discovered on histology with no correlation with the imaging findings or distant from the radiologic findings were described. One hundred and twenty-nine lesions have been evaluated in 99 @entity1 . Radiologic findings included 79 clusters of microcalcifications, 30 masses, six architectural distortions and 14 sonographic lesions. RESULTS: The histopathological results were benign in 41.9%, malignant in 49.6% and @entity75 were discovered in 8.5%. All benign lesions were correlated to radiologic findings. No malignant lesion was found at a distance. In three cases @entity75 were coexistent with the radiologic findings correlated with benign lesions and in three cases they were found at a distance. All but two malignant lesions were correlated with radiologic findings. In two cases a microinvasive @entity189 and foci of @entity189 in situ were found coexistent with benign lesions. The subgroup of small lesions lesser than 10 mm included 31 benign lesions. A complete removal of these lesions should be obtained with percutaneous biopsies. CONCLUSION: A pathologic analysis targeted on radiologic findings is accurate. Numerous open excisional biopsies performed for benign pathology should be avoided.

title: [Non-palpable XXXX : radio-pathologic correlations on open excisional biopsies. Significance of the choice of technique for minimal excisional biopsy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'labular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia lesions']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and psychological outcomes of @entity1 who underwent delayed @entity6250 following failed limb salvage surgery. METHODS: This retrospective, descriptive study evaluated functional outcomes using the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) in 12 @entity1 . Inclusion criteria included @entity1 who underwent limb reconstruction and delayed amputation between July 2006 and December 2014, with an age range between 18 and 80 years of age, the ability to ambulate independently, a time interval between the last salvage procedure and amputation greater than six months, and a minimum follow-up of 24 months. @entity1 were contacted via telephone by the principal investigator and both the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) were completed. Descriptive analysis (means and standard deviation) was used to determine outcomes for both SIP and SF-36 health profiles. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 who had amputations following failed reconstruction (2006-2014) with a mean age of 53  10years were interviewed. Six @entity1 had a SIP <5, three @entity1 scored between five and 10 points and one scored >10 points. The main deficit on the SF-36 was in the physical component. The SF-36 scores demonstrated a mean score of 40.8  11.5 for the physical component, and 57.4  7.9 for the mental component. Three @entity1 returned to work after amputation and continued performing their pre-injury duties as farmers. Three other @entity1 returned to work, but were allocated to administrative duties. Two @entity1 were pensioners at the time of their injuries, and the only female @entity1 was a housewife. One @entity1 went into early retirement. CONCLUSION: The results of this study strongly suggest that delayed amputation following failed limb salvage surgery can still result in good and satisfactory outcomes in the majority of @entity1 and achieves results similar to early amputation and limb reconstruction techniques.

title: Functional and psychological outcomes of delayed XXXX following failed lower limb reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb amputation']

answer: @entity6250 :: (MESH:D038061,Disease) :: ['lower limb amputation']


abstract: Inter-individual variations to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) outcome have been attributed to different expression profiles of genes related to @entity1501 metabolism. To elucidate the mechanisms of variations to @entity1500 outcome, we investigated @entity9769 , @entity12838 , @entity16981 , and @entity7177 gene expression profiles by quantifying the mRNA level of the genes involved in @entity1501 metabolism to @entity1500 response in @entity5 cell line ( @entity10921 ). For this, three different concentrations of @entity1500 (0.25, 25, and 75  mol) were added separately in @entity10921 cell line for 24 h at 37   C. Apoptotis quantification was evaluated with @entity2822 -labeled @entity588 by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR technique was performed by quantification of gene expression with TaqMan   Gene Expression Assay. ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc tests were utilized for statistical analysis. The results showed that the numbers of apoptotic @entity10921 cells with 0.25, 25.0, and 75.0  mol of @entity1500 were 14.57, 77.54, and 91.58%, respectively. We found that the expression levels for @entity9769 , @entity12838 , @entity16981 , and @entity7177 genes were increased in cells with 75.0  mol of @entity1500 (p < 0.05). Moreover, @entity7177 gene presented lower expression in cells treated with 0.25  mol of @entity1500 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest that @entity9769 , @entity12838 , @entity16981 , and @entity7177 genes present increased expression after the highest application of @entity1500 dose in @entity5 cell line. Furthermore, @entity7177 gene also presents decreased expression after the lowest application of @entity1500 dose in @entity5 cell line. Significant alterations of expression of these studied genes in cell culture model may give support for studies in clinical practice and predict interesting and often novel mechanisms of resistance of @entity1500 chemotherapy.

title: Alterations in the expression pattern of @entity9769 , @entity12838 , @entity16981 , and @entity7177 genes after treatment of XXXX cells with high and low doses of @entity1499 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: We compared inflammatory response, @entity82 and biomechanical properties of different @entity7502 materials from one manufacturer (Tyco Healthcare) in a @entity35 model for @entity4438 . Full-thickness abdominal wall defects were primarily repaired using 'overlay' technique. Multifilament implants were @entity10417 and SPMW, the latter a wider-weave type of the former. Monofilament SPMM implants and @entity7502 suture repair (Surgipro II) served as controls. Explants were evaluated macroscopically and changes in thickness, shrinkage and tensile strength were measured. Inflammatory and connective tissue response was assessed on @entity6175 - @entity1711 and Movat stains. Immunohistochemistry was done to localise @entity35 macrophages/monocytes. Multifilament materials induced a shorter acute inflammatory response and more pronounced chronic inflammatory reaction compared to monofilament implants. Macrophages could be found deep in interstices 7.5 by 12.5 microm. No difference in collagen deposition and neovascularisation was observed. At 90 days time point, explants reconstructed with tighter woven multifilament @entity10417 were weaker than sutured or SPMM controls. Overall shrinkage of 10% was comparable for all groups.

title: Tensile strength and host response towards different XXXX implant materials used for augmentation of fascial repair in a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['primary fascial repair']

entities_list: @entity10417 :: ('MESH:C567481', 'Disease') :: ['Surgipro SPM', 'SPM']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Misunderstandings of the role of genetics in disease development are associated with stigmatizing behaviors and fatalistic attitudes about prevention. This report describes an evaluation of community understanding of an educational module about genetic and environmental influences on the development of @entity28802 , a neglected @entity66 endemic in highland Ethiopia. METHODS: A qualitative process assessment was conducted as part of a large prospective intervention trial in August 2013, in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. Sixty five @entity1 were purposively selected from 600 households randomized to receive the inherited susceptibility module. The educational module used pictorial representations and oral explanations of the interaction of inherited sensitivity and soil exposure and was delivered by lay health educators in @entity1 ' homes. Data were collected using semi-structured individual interviews (IDIs) or @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ). RESULTS: Qualitative analyses showed that most @entity1 improved their understanding of inherited soil sensitivity and susceptibility to @entity28802 . @entity1 linked their new understanding to decreased stigma-related attitudes. The module also corrected misconceptions that the condition was contagious, again diminishing stigmatizing attitudes. Lastly, these improvements in understanding increased the perceived value of foot protection. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these improvements support the acceptability, feasibility and potential benefits of implementing gene-environment education in low and middle income countries.

title: Interpretations of education about gene-environment influences on health in rural Ethiopia: the context of a neglected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['FGDs', 'focus group discussions']

entities_list: @entity28802 :: ('MESH:D004604', 'Disease') :: ['podoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['tropical disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity765 is a @entity8650 with a biological behaviour that varies between relatively indolent and progressive growth. Although there is a trend towards conservative treatment, surgery remains the standard treatment for @entity5 . METHODS: Databases of three hospitals were searched to identify @entity1 who had been treated for @entity765 between November 1989 and May 2011. The risk of local recurrence was evaluated and predictive factors were assessed in @entity1 who underwent surgical resection as initial treatment for a primary @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 132 @entity1 had surgical treatment for a primary @entity5 . A complete resection (R0) was achieved in 87 @entity1 (65.9 per cent). In addition to surgery, 54 @entity1 received radiotherapy. During a median follow-up of 38 months, 18 local recurrences were detected. The estimated 5-year cumulative risk of local recurrence was 17.6 per cent. Univariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of local recurrence increased for extremity lesions compared with desmoids on the trunk (odds ratio 6.69, 95 per cent confidence interval 1.42 to 31.54). No significant influence of age, resection margins or adjuvant radiotherapy on the risk for local recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION: Following surgical treatment of a primary @entity5 , the 5-year risk of local recurrence is modest and not influenced by microscopically clear resection margins or adjuvant radiotherapy.

title: Local recurrence after surgery for primary extra-abdominal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extra-abdominal desmoid tumours', 'extra-abdominal desmoid tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid-type fibromatosis', 'Desmoid-type fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['locally aggressive soft tissue tumour']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['desmoid-type fibromatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare demographic and clinical features of @entity1 from Non-English Speaking Background (NESB) with those from English Speaking Background (ESB) who attended a memory clinic in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: Data on 556 consecutive @entity1 attending the memory clinic were analysed retrospectively. All @entity1 were assessed by a geriatrician (Italian speaking) or psychogeriatrician with the aid of Cambridge Examination for @entity146 in the Elderly (CAMDEX) interview schedule. @entity1 were classified into the categories of @entity303 , functional @entity146 (including @entity308 ), @entity73 other than @entity303 and normal, using ICD 10 criteria. Severity of @entity303 was determined using the Clinical @entity303 Rating scale. Demographic information and use of community services were also documented. RESULTS: Of those seen, 148 (28.8%) were of NESB, the majority Italian (69, 12.4%). @entity1 of NESB were younger (p = 0.001), less educated (p = 0.001) and less likely to live alone (p = 0.009) compared to @entity1 of ESB. Those of NESB were more likely present with a functional @entity146 (particularly @entity308 ) or normal cognition (p = 0.001). @entity1 of NESB with @entity303 presented at a later stage of their disease as determined by @entity7958 (p = 0.003). Those of NESB scored significantly lower (more impaired) on CAMCOG in all @entity1 seen (including normal and @entity146 groups) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and demographic features of @entity1 of NESB referred to a memory clinic in Melbourne, Australia, differ from their ESB counterparts, with specific groups being under represented. This has implications for equity of assessment, service provision and utilisation for those of ethnically diverse backgrounds.

title: Equity of access to a memory clinic in Melbourne? Non-English speaking background attenders are more severely demented and have increased rates of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Mental Disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the postoperative changes of the cervical spine after treatment of cervical nerve root compression with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a new @entity702 intervertebral disc. @entity1 AND METHODS: 37 @entity1 were examined prior to, as well as 4 days, 6 weeks, and 7 months after surgery. Lateral view X-rays and functional imaging were used to evaluate posture and mobility of the cervical spine, the position of the implants, and the reactions of adjacent bone structures. RESULTS: Implantation of the @entity702 disc led to post-operative distraction of the intervertebral space and slight @entity1515 . Within the first 6 months a slight loss of distraction and re- @entity1513 due to impression of the implants into the vertebral end-plates were found in all @entity1 . We noted partial infractions into the vertebral end-plates in 10/42 segments and slight mobility of the implants in 14/42 segments. Both groups of @entity1 showed reactive @entity4720 and local symptoms due to loosening of the implants. The @entity158 subsided after onset of bone bridging and stable fixation of the loosened discs. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity702 intervertebral disc provides initial distraction of the fusion segments with partial recurrence of @entity1513 during the subsequent course. Loosening of the implants with local symptoms can be evaluated with follow-up X-rays and functional imaging.

title: [The x-ray follow-up study of the cervical spine after anterior fusion with XXXX disk implants].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['spondylosis']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: The effects of physiological concentrations of the native @entity2661 @entity1063 and @entity1425 upon term placental hormonal function were examined by measuring @entity53 and @entity1420 secretion by organ and cell culture systems. Results show that, in explants, both @entity2661 caused a significant increase in the secretion of both sex @entity230 , p less than 0.05. @entity53 secretion was blocked by the alpha and beta adrenergic receptors antagonists, @entity5333 and @entity1169 , respectively, p less than 0.05. @entity1063 but not @entity1425 dependent @entity1420 secretion was blocked by @entity1169 . In cells, @entity1425 stimulated @entity1919 generation and caused a 30% increase in @entity53 secretion, p less than 0.05. Both were abrogated by @entity1169 . @entity1063 increased secretion by 25%, p less than 0.05. This was inhibited by @entity38498 and @entity3159 , @entity6927 receptors antagonists, respectively. In conclusion, the placenta in vitro is a target organ for @entity2661 . The marked response of the explant system as compared with the marginal response of the cell culture system indicates that cell to cell contact/communication is required for full expression of @entity2922 effect.

title: The role of XXXX in @entity53 and @entity1420 secretion by cultured explants and cells of human term placentae.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity38498 :: ('CHEBI:10093', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbin']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Deciding on whether the @entity1534 test-and-treat strategy is an appropriate diagnostic-therapeutic approach for @entity1 with @entity2210 invites a series of questions. The aim present article addresses the test-and-treat strategy and attempts to provide practical conclusions for the clinician who diagnoses and treats @entity1 with @entity2210 . METHODS: Bibliographical searches were performed in MEDLINE using the keywords @entity1534 , test-and-treat, and @entity2210 . We focused mainly on data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cost-effectiveness analyses, and decision analyses. RESULTS: Several prospective studies and decision analyses support the use of the test-and-treat strategy, although we must be cautious when extrapolating the results from one geographical area to another. Many factors determine whether this strategy is appropriate in each particular area. The test-and-treat strategy will cure most cases of underlying @entity10189 , prevent most potential cases of @entity66 , and yield symptomatic benefit in a minority of @entity1 with functional @entity2210 . Future studies should be able to stratify dyspeptic @entity1 according to their likelihood of improving after treatment of @entity281 by @entity1534 . CONCLUSIONS: The test-and-treat strategy will cure most cases of underlying @entity10189 and prevent most potential cases of @entity66 . In addition, a minority of infected @entity1 with functional @entity2210 will gain symptomatic benefit. Several prospective studies and decision analyses support the use of the test-and-treat strategy. The test-and-treat strategy is being reinforced by the accumulating data that support the increasingly accepted idea that "the only good @entity1534 is a dead @entity1534 ".

title: XXXX "Test-and-Treat" Strategy for Management of Dyspepsia: A Comprehensive Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter Pylori']


abstract: American foulbrood disease of @entity5157 is caused by the bacterium @entity28557 . Infection occurs per os in larvae and @entity281 requires a breaching of the host peritrophic matrix and midgut epithelium. Genetic variation exists for both bacterial virulence and host resistance, and a general immunity is achieved by larvae as they age, the basis of which has not been identified. To quickly identify a pool of candidate genes responsive to @entity28557 @entity281 , we sequenced transcripts from larvae inoculated with @entity28557 at 12 hours post-emergence and incubated for 72 hours, and compared expression levels to a control cohort. We identified 75 genes with significantly higher expression and six genes with significantly lower expression. In addition to several antimicrobial peptides, two genes encoding peritrophic-matrix domains were also up-regulated. Extracellular matrix proteins, proteases/protease inhibitors, and members of the Osiris gene family were prevalent among differentially regulated genes. However, analysis of @entity238 homologs of differentially expressed genes revealed spatial and temporal patterns consistent with developmental asynchrony as a likely confounder of our results. We therefore used qPCR to measure the consistency of gene expression changes for a subset of differentially expressed genes. A replicate experiment sampled at both 48 and 72 hours post @entity281 allowed further discrimination of genes likely to be involved in host response. The consistently responsive genes in our test set included a hymenopteran-specific protein @entity669 kinase, a hymenopteran specific @entity563 endopeptidase, a cytochrome P450 (CYP9Q1), and a homolog of trynity, a zona pellucida domain protein. Of the known honey bee antimicrobial peptides, @entity42319 was responsive at both time-points studied whereas @entity31166 was more consistent in its level of change between biological replicates and had the greatest increase in expression by RNA-seq analysis.

title: Transcriptional response of XXXX larvae infected with the bacterial pathogen @entity28557 .

entities_list: @entity28557 :: ('1464', 'Species') :: ['Paenibacillus larvae', 'P. larvae']

entities_list: @entity42319 :: ('MESH:C061361', 'Chemical') :: ['apidaecin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity31166 :: ('MESH:C080586', 'Chemical') :: ['hymenoptaecin']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['honey bee']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) scans in @entity1 with @entity490 in the emergency department. We compared focused scans (having a single diagnosis in mind) and screening scans (having no diagnosis or more than one diagnosis in mind) with the hypothesis that focused scans will reveal pathology more often than screening scans. Treatment plans and @entity1 outcomes were also compared between the two populations. METHODS: This is a prospective study in which 100 @entity1 who presented to an academic medical center with @entity490 and underwent an abdominal CT were enrolled in the study. A chart review was later completed to gather ultimate outcome data for each of the enrolled subjects. RESULTS: Of the 61 @entity1 having a focused CT, pathology was identified on 63.9% of the scans, which did not differ significantly from the 65.4% of scans that revealed pathology in the screening group. In the focused group, anticipated admissions were reduced, but the reduction was not significant. The screening group did show a significant difference, with eight fewer @entity1 being admitted than initially planned. The total number of @entity1 deemed to require admission was significantly reduced by 15% following all CT scans. CONCLUSION: While there was no difference between the focused and screening groups in the rate of identifying pathology, there was a significant decline in number of @entity1 requiring admission to the hospital in the "screening" CT group (when comparing emergency physicians' pre- and post-CT treatment plans).

title: Focused versus screening CT scans for evaluation of nontraumatic XXXX in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: Large radiation doses cause postradiation @entity455 by disrupting endothelia. The cumulative sequences of small doses (fractionated radiotherapy) standard in clinical practice cause it too, but not by endothelial disruption: the mechanisms are unknown. In this study, correlated fluorescent and ultrastructural localisation of a tracer revealed the architecture, fine structure and function of microvessels in @entity19 AT17 @entity5 , before and after 42 Gy fractionated radiation. Before irradiation, @entity5 vascular permeability lay in the normophysiological range defined by the gut and cerebral cortex. A double barrier regulated permeability: vesicular transport through the endothelial wall required approximately 2 h and then the basement membrane charge barrier trapped tracer for 2 h longer. Irradiation abolished the double barrier: tracer passed instantly through both endothelial wall and underlying basement membrane, forming diffusion haloes around microvessels within 2-5 min. Structurally, @entity5 microvessels were lined by a continuous and vital endothelium with closed interendothelial junctions; endothelial basement membranes were intact, though loosened. Irradiated endothelia exhibited extremely active membrane motility and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Radiation treatment raised vascular permeability by enhancing transendothelial transcytosis, and by altering the passive filter properties of the subendothelial basement membrane. This type of @entity455 should be susceptible to pharmacological modulation.

title: Vascular permeability and hyperpermeability in a XXXX adenocarcinoma after fractionated radiotherapy: an ultrastructural tracer study.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular hyperpermeability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['irradiated tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: The timely implementation of immunotherapy is key to successful treatment of @entity792 or @entity303 (from here on will be referred to as @entity792 ). There are different levels of diagnostic certainty which should guide the immunological treatment of @entity792 . There is a high level of diagnostic certainty for @entity1 who have classic @entity14204 and have a neural antibody detected in serum or CSF (such as @entity972 channel complex antibody). For these @entity1 , initiating high-dose corticosteroids or IVIg is indicated, with plasma exchange, rituximab or @entity786 used as second-line therapy if first-line therapy proves only partially beneficial. There is a lower level of diagnostic certainty in @entity1 with non-limbic atypical phenotypes (though rapidly progressive) when no neural antibody is detected in serum and CSF. A trial of @entity288 or IVIg (or both sequentially) may be undertaken in these @entity1 , but if no objective improvements occur, further immunotherapy is unlikely to be beneficial. Antiepileptic treatment also plays a critical role in those who have @entity410 as well as cognitive symptoms. Evaluation for and treatment of any underlying @entity5 is another component for those @entity1 with a paraneoplastic cause of @entity198 . An individualized maintenance regimen needs to be designed for @entity1 who do improve with immunotherapy. Individual factors that need to be considered when formulating a program of maintenance treatment include disease severity, antibody specificity and proclivity for disease relapse. @entity500 and @entity618 are frequently used for the purpose of remission maintenance, and should permit gradual withdrawal of @entity230 , IVIg or more toxic immunosuppressants. The duration of maintenance therapy is uncertain, but this author typically recommends 3-5  years of relapse-free maintenance treatment before discontinuing immunotherapy altogether.

title: Immunotherapeutics for @entity792 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['limbic encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comprehensive assessment of dietary intakes of @entity2648 and @entity1232 ( @entity8576 ). SUBJECTS AND SETTING: A study was conducted within the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation in @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC) to assess the intake and food sources of these compounds in Spanish adults. The study included 41,446 health volunteers, aged 29-69 years, from Northern and Southern regions. Usual food intake was estimated by in- @entity1 interviews using a computerised dietary questionnaire. RESULTS: The estimated geometric mean was 0.994 mg day(-1) for @entity2648 and 0.114 microg day(-1) for @entity8576 . For both compounds a positive trend in consumption with increasing energy intake was observed. Dietary @entity8576 was related to age and sex after energy adjustment, while @entity3542 consumption increased with higher intakes of @entity620 (P < 0.001). The food groups that contributed most to intakes were meat products, cereals, vegetables and fruits for @entity2648 , and processed meat, beer, cheese and broiled fish for @entity8576 . Current and past smokers, who had high levels of @entity8576 from @entity286 exposure, were also identified as the highest consumers of dietary @entity8576 . Furthermore, smokers had low intakes of @entity620 (an inhibitor of endogenous nitrosation). CONCLUSIONS: Intake levels of @entity8576 and @entity2648 in a Mediterranean cohort are currently relatively lower than those previously reported, although processed meat, beer and cured cheese still are the most important contributors to @entity8576 intake.

title: Intake and food sources of XXXX and @entity1232 in Spain.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosodimethylamine']

entities_list: @entity2648 :: ('MESH:D009573', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrites']

answer: @entity2648 :: (MESH:D009573,Chemical) :: ['nitrites']


abstract: Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) leads to histological changes in the peritoneal membrane. @entity7499 and @entity32 caused by @entity413 degradation products (GDPs) play crucial roles in peritoneal @entity82 . One such @entity3006 is @entity14625 ( @entity11999 ), which enhances the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs bind to their receptor ( @entity32449 ) and activate nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), which is a key regulator of angiogenesis and @entity32 . Recent studies have indicated that @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), a tea @entity3978 , inhibits angiogenesis and @entity32 . Here, we examined whether @entity3090 suppresses peritoneal @entity82 in @entity19 . Based on preliminary examination, 2mL of 40mM @entity11999 or PD fluid was injected intraperitoneally and @entity3090 (50mg/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously for 3weeks. In comparison to PD fluid+saline-treated @entity19 , the peritoneal tissues of @entity11999 +saline-treated @entity19 showed marked thickening of the submesothelial compact zone. In the submesothelial compact zone of the @entity11999 +saline-treated @entity19 , @entity5231 -positive vessels and vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cells were significantly increased, as were @entity32 , F4/80-positive macrophages, and @entity1750 . Moreover, @entity7599 , a marker of reactive @entity26 species, and NF-kB, determined by Southwestern histochemistry, in the submesothelial compact zone were also increased in @entity11999 +saline-treated @entity19 . These changes were attenuated in @entity11999 + @entity3090 -treated @entity19 . We demonstrated that @entity3090 treatment suppresses peritoneal @entity82 via inhibition of NF-kB. Furthermore, @entity3090 inhibits reactive @entity26 species production. The results of this study indicate that @entity3090 is a potentially novel candidate for the treatment of peritoneal @entity82 .

title: @entity3089 suppresses peritoneal XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['Angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Aging is associated with progressive arterial stiffening and widening of the pulse pressure, resulting in a high prevalence of systolic @entity101 . The contribution of increased aortic @entity121 to this process and to essential @entity101 has been poorly characterized. With transesophageal echocardiography, aortic @entity121 and diameter can be measured. Thus, the influence of aging, gender, and @entity101 on the geometry and stiffness of the descending thoracic aorta in @entity1 can be determined in vivo. In 83 @entity1 undergoing transesophageal echocardiography for clinical indications, recordings of the descending thoracic aorta were made. There were 53 normotensive subjects (33 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 , mean age 46 years, range 14 to 79 years) and 25 @entity101 subjects (8 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 , mean age 67 years, range 50 to 80 years). Measurements of diastolic and systolic aortic @entity121 and aortic diameter were made, and three measures of the elastic properties of the aorta were calculated: (1) Peterson's elastic modulus, (2) Young's modulus, and (3) the stiffness index (beta). Aortic @entity121 averaged 1.1 +/- 0.1 mm in both normotensive @entity1 and @entity1 . Normotensive @entity1 had a significantly greater @entity121 /diameter ratio than @entity1 (0.06 +/- 0.01 vs 0.05 +/- 0.01, p < 0.01), but there were no differences in stiffness between @entity1 and @entity1 . Age was highly positively correlated with @entity121 (r = 0.74, p < 0.001), diameter (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), beta (r = 0.79, p < 0.001), Peterson's modulus (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), and Young's modulus (r = 0.81, p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of the effects of age, gender, and XXXX on thoracic aortic wall size, @entity121 , and stiffness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Ischemic cerebrovascular events are the most common reason for @entity1 to be bedridden and the third most common reason for @entity204 . Many studies in recent years have demonstrated that @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) may be an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA). In this study, we aimed to report early outcomes of @entity1 who were treated with @entity2998 in our clinic and discuss practicability, advantages and safety of @entity2998 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: Eighty @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 between December 2009 and May 2011 were eligible. The mean age was 65 years (range, 49 - 89 years). Of the study group, 73.75% were males and 26.25% were female. The percentage of asymptomatic @entity1 was 11.7%, and the remaining @entity1 were symptomatic. A distal embolic protection device (Angioguard  ) was used in 22% of the @entity1 whereas, in the other @entity1 (78%), a proximal blockage system (Mo.MA  ) was used. Self-expandable hybrid stents were implanted in all @entity1 and post-dilatation was performed after implantation. None of the @entity1 suffered from @entity64 , @entity583 or @entity204 due to @entity2998 during their hospital stay. The mean follow-up period was 10 months (range 2 - 18 months) after discharge. None of the @entity1 had died or had a @entity64 , a @entity63 ( @entity63 ), or a @entity583 during the follow-up period. @entity850 was not observed in the follow-up carotid Doppler ultrasonography; flow rates were within normal limits. CONCLUSION: No major complication was observed during the early follow-up period in @entity1 who underwent @entity2998 in our clinic. Only 2 (2.5%) @entity1 showed transient @entity1183 and @entity425 and these did not lead to morbidity. In the management guide of extracranial @entity2998 , @entity2998 , in the light of recent studies, is recommended as an alternative to CEA in recommendations for revascularization. One of the important issues emphasized in this guide is the experience of centers. Very low complication rates after @entity2998 suggested that, with suitable @entity1 selection and an experienced team, similar results may be obtained.

title: Early outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['TIA', 'transient ischemic attack']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid and vertebral artery diseases', 'carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Re-stenosis']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenting']


abstract: Glycoprotein gp50 is a neurone-specific, granule cell-enriched glycoprotein that is also a major component of isolated synaptic membranes. Here, we describe the use of a monoclonal antibody, mab SM gp50, to study the postnatal development of gp50 in the brain of normal and @entity1374 @entity35 . Radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting show that gp50 is not detectable in brain until postnatal day 4 (P4) in both forebrain and cerebellum. In forebrain, the rate of increase of gp50 levels is maximal between P12 and @entity10276 . It is somewhat later in cerebellum, where peak levels are attained between P30 and @entity7505 . Immunocytochemical studies show little detectable gp50-like immunoreactivity before @entity11754 , and the staining is still weak, relative to adult tissue, at @entity30236 . The intense staining of the granule cell layer characteristic of adult cerebellum predominantly appears after @entity30236 . Development of gp50 is severely retarded in the cerebellum of @entity1374 @entity35 , particularly during the second and third postnatal weeks. However, by the fourth postnatal week, gp50 levels in normal and @entity1375 animals are comparable. The results indicate that significant alterations in the pattern of gp50 expression continue to occur at a late stage of cerebellar development. In particular, the increase in immunocytochemical staining of the granule cells after @entity30236 is striking in that by this time most major events associated with cerebellar development are essentially complete.

title: Postnatal development of a granule cell-enriched, neurone-specific glycoprotein, gp50, in normal and XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid-deficient']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid-deficient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It remains debated whether reduced doses of chronic calcineurin inhibitors benefit graft survival. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 60 first cadaveric renal transplant recipients who received @entity205 (CSA), @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and @entity229 (CMP group) and 71 recipients who received reduced-dose CSA with @entity229 and @entity2098 (RCMP group). All recipients were followed for at least 96 months. The @entity8 ( @entity8 ) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated at different time points, graft survival, the incidence of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and the acute rejection rate within six months were analyzed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The incidence of acute rejection within six months post-transplant was 15.5% (11/71) in the RCMP group and 13.3% (8/60) in the CMP group. This difference was not significant (p=0.727). The @entity8 -calculated GFR in the CMP group reached a peak at 24 months post-transplant (66.6    20.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) then decreased gradually. In contrast, in the RCMP group, the GFR reached a peak at 36 months post-transplant (76.9    19.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). The GFR from month 36 to month 96 was significantly higher in the RCMP group than in the CMP group. The Kaplan-Meier calculated death-censored graft survival in the RCMP group was significantly higher than that observed in the CMP group, with an estimated cumulative proportion surviving at 96 months of 95.5% in the RCMP group and 83.5% in the CMP group. The incidence of @entity740 within 96 months was 5.6% (4/71) in the RCMP group vs. 16.7% (10/60) in the CMP group (p=0.042). CONCLUSION: An RCMP regimen can significantly improve the long-term GFR level and benefit graft survival.

title: Reduced-dose @entity205 with @entity618 and XXXX significantly improves the long-term glomerular filtration rate and graft survival.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CAN', 'chronic allograft nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: Forty @entity1 with metastatic, recurrent, or unresectable @entity1358 were entered into a study of the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy using periodate (IO4-) and @entity1199 ( @entity1199 )-activated autologous leukocytes and continuous infusion low-dose @entity1199 . @entity1 survival was also examined. The first 15 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled in protocol A without an @entity1199 priming phase and the following 25 @entity1 were entered in protocol B where a 5-day priming phase was initiated before leukapheresis. A maintenance regimen consisted of either 3 x 10(6) units of recombinant interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha), three times per week only or together with leukapheresis and infusion of IO4-/ @entity1199 -activated cells and 2 days of continuous infusion @entity1199 per month. Thirty-four @entity1 completed the protocol treatment. Four @entity1 were removed from the study owing to rapid @entity5 progression and two @entity1 died while receiving treatment. The clinical response rate was 22%: two @entity1 had a complete response and five @entity1 had a partial response. Among the 25 @entity1 who had no clinical response, 11 @entity1 had either a mixed response or stabilization. Neither response, response duration, nor site response correlated with the total dose of @entity1199 administered or the number of activated killer cells infused. @entity1 who received maintenance therapy had longer survival times than @entity1 who did not receive such therapy. All @entity137 and side effects associated with @entity1199 treatment were transient and resolved after discontinuation of the drug. @entity1 on maintenance therapy tolerated both rIFN-alpha and monthly infusions of activated killer cells and @entity1199 well. This study confirms the concept of adoptive immunotherapy as a new treatment approach for advanced @entity1358 and suggests that maintenance therapy may prolong survival time.

title: A phase II clinical trial of adoptive immunotherapy for advanced @entity1358 using mitogen-activated autologous leukocytes and continuous infusion XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose   The aim of the study was to investigate the regeneration and migration of neuronal progenitor cells of the @entity3002 during wound healing after intestinal @entity254 in the @entity35 ileum. Methods   Experiments were performed in a @entity35 model of @entity254 . @entity35 were humanely killed on day 2 or day 10 after @entity254 , and the anastomotic region was compared with ileum of healthy @entity35 . Immunofluorescent staining was performed with protein gene product 9.5, nestin, and S100 antibodies. Ganglia of the anastomotic region in both the myenteric and submucosal plexus were counted, and their diameters were measured and compared between groups. Results   Analysis of number and diameter of @entity21 in both myenteric and submucosal plexus showed individual alterations as a reaction to the surgical manipulation. Significantly less @entity21 were found in the submucosal plexus in the operated groups at both day 2 (p   <   0.01) and day 10 (p   <   0.01) than in the control group. In the myenteric plexus in the operated group, there was a difference in the number of @entity21 at day 2, but @entity21 count had recovered at day 10 and was not significantly different from the control group. However, the diameter of @entity21 in the myenteric plexus still significantly decreasing on day 10 after surgery than in the control group (p   =   0.046). Nestin and S100 double-staining showed an increased expression of nestin around the anastomotic wound. Conclusion   Our findings suggest a regenerative potential of the @entity3002 after the surgical @entity254 . The myenteric plexus appears to recover faster than the submucosal plexus. This recovery might be driven by nestin-positive neuronal progenitor cells.

title: Regenerative Capacity of the Enteric Nervous System after Ileoileal Anastomoses in a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['ileoileal anastomosis', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['enteric nervous system']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Improved methods to optimize drug dosing in the critically ill are urgently needed. Traditional prescribing culture involves recognition of factors that mandate dose reduction (such as @entity8 ), although optimizing drug exposure, through more frequent or augmented dosing, represents an evolving strategy. Elevated @entity1011 clearance (CLCR) has been associated with sub-therapeutic antibacterial concentrations in the critically ill, a concept termed @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity8 in a cohort of septic and traumatized critically ill @entity1 , while also examining demographic, physiological and illness severity characteristics that may help identify this phenomenon. METHODS: This prospective observational study was performed in a 30-bed tertiary level, university affiliated, adult intensive care unit. Consecutive traumatized and septic critically ill patients, receiving antibacterial therapy, with a plasma @entity1011 concentration  <=110  mol/L, were eligible for enrolment. Pulse contour analysis (Vigileo / Flo @entity16783 system, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA), was used to provide continuous cardiac index (CI) assessment over a single six-hour dosing interval. Urinary CLCR measures were obtained concurrently. RESULTS: Seventy-one @entity1 contributed data (sepsis n = 43, multi- @entity130 n = 28). Overall, 57.7% of the cohort manifested @entity8 , although there was a greater prevalence in @entity130 (85.7% versus 39.5%, P <0.001). In all @entity1 , a weak correlation was noted between CI and CLCR (r = 0.346, P = 0.003). This was mostly driven by septic @entity1 (r = 0.508, P = 0.001), as no correlation (r = -0.012, P = 0.951) was identified in @entity130 . Those manifesting @entity8 were younger (P <0.001), male (P = 0.012), with lower acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II (P= 0.008) and modified sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores (P = 0.013), and higher cardiac indices (P = 0.013). In multivariate analysis, age  <=50 years, @entity130 , and a modified SOFA score  <=4, were identified as significant risk factors. These had greater utility in predicting @entity8 , compared with CI assessment alone. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis, illness severity and age, are likely to significantly influence renal drug elimination in the critically ill, and must be regularly considered in future study design and daily prescribing practice.

title: Augmented renal clearance in septic and traumatized XXXX with normal plasma @entity1011 concentrations: identifying at-risk @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['augmented renal clearance', 'renal impairment', 'ARC']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Anastomotic stricture is the most common complication following the surgical repair of @entity1152 , and is usually treated by esophageal dilation. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess in an @entity1 population operated on at birth for type III or IV @entity1152 : 1) the frequency of @entity3332 following the repair of @entity1152 , and associated factors; 2) the efficacy of esophageal dilation by the Savary-Gaillard bougie technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 52 @entity1 presenting with @entity1152 over a 5-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Gestional age and birth weight, duration of mediastinal and transanastomotic drainage, and anastomotic complications including leakage, stricture, and the presence of @entity354 were recorded and analysed. @entity1 presenting with anastomotic stricture were compared with a group of @entity1 without stricture. The number of esophageal dilations, their efficacy and the complication rate were analyzed. RESULTS: Anastomotic stricture developed in 20 (40%) of the 50 @entity1 undergoing primary repair for @entity1152 . The occurrence of anastomotic stricture was related to anastomotic @entity2701 during esophageal surgical repair (p < 0.03). Young @entity1 required esophageal dilation at a mean age of 142 days (24-930 days). Stricture resolution occurred after a mean of 3.2 dilations (1-15) over an average period of 7.9 months (range: 0-30 months). Dilation was successful in 90% of the 20 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 required only one dilation. Perforation of the esophagus occurred in one case, and this severe complication led to the death of the @entity1 . Esophageal dilation was unsuccessful in two @entity1 , who presented prolonged severe @entity1282 . CONCLUSION: Anastomotic stricture following repair of @entity1152 is connected with the length of the gap that has to be repaired, and @entity2701 during suture. Esophageal dilation by the Savary-Gaillard bougie technique is an effective method for treating esophageal stricture. Several dilations are usually needed before the disappearance of @entity1282 .

title: [Anastomotic stenosis after surgical treatment of XXXX : frequency, risk factors and effectiveness of esophageal dilatations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess in @entity1 with isolated @entity1002 (ILVAT), by a prospective follow-up study, whether the echocardiographic appearance of ILVAT changes, whether @entity299 change, how many @entity1 are hospitalized because of @entity299 or die, and whether ILVAT is associated with @entity4094 in all @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: ILVAT was diagnosed in 33 @entity1 --nine @entity1 and 24 @entity1 --aged 30 to 73 years. At baseline, all @entity1 underwent a cardiological and neurological investigation. Between October and December 1999 they were invited for a clinical and echocardiographic follow-up. results: During a mean follow-up duration of 19 months, ILVAT remained unchanged. @entity299 worsened in one @entity1 and improved in 10. Five @entity1 were hospitalized and four @entity1 died, two of them suddenly. ILVAT was associated with @entity4094 in 26 @entity1 (81%). conclusions: Although ILVAT does not change over time, cardiac function may deteriorate. Because the rate of @entity943 is high and even causes @entity204 in some patients, effective antiarrhythmic therapy should be considered. ILVAT is assumed to be a cardiac manifestation of a @entity4094 or a special type of a @entity296 .

title: Isolated XXXX : follow-up and association with @entity4094 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorder', 'neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac symptoms', 'cardiac problems', 'cardiac symptoms']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular abnormal trabeculation']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular abnormal trabeculation']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity6 has diverse effects on all organ systems of the body. @entity2690 physiology and metabolic control are far more complex than previously thought. Research continues to reveal more information about the central role of @entity2690 in metabolism. The treatment of @entity101 and @entity8 as well as @entity4854 in @entity1 with @entity6 has emerged as being critical for prevention of long-term @entity6 complications. The issue of primary importance to the anesthesiologist is whether strict glycemic and hemodynamic control during the perioperative period affect outcome. RECENT FINDINGS: Maintenance of euglycemia and physiologic control of @entity2690 responses to changes in @entity413 levels have been shown to prolong life and reduce complications from @entity6 . The identification and treatment of @entity5710 @entity1 may significantly delay the onset of overt @entity6 . Perioperative control of @entity413 has become tighter, but the optimum level of @entity413 and ideal method of @entity2690 delivery during surgery remain controversial. Perioperative control of blood pressure and vascular responses may be as important as @entity413 control for prevention of adverse perioperative events. SUMMARY: Tight long-term control of @entity413 and blood pressure improve outcome in @entity1 with @entity6 . The same philosophy of management is being applied to the perioperative period. Routine measurement of intraoperative blood @entity413 levels and appropriate @entity2690 administration are now standard practice, but the ideal regimen for @entity2690 administration remains to be determined.

title: Anesthesia for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation is limited by chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a risk factor for allograft dysfunction; however, the role of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is not well characterized. METHODS: This was a retrospective review from 2007 to 2011 of lung transplant recipients with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody testing using Luminex (Luminex Corp, Austin, TX) single-antigen beads. Statistics included Fisher's exact test for significance. RESULTS: Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) developed in 13 of 44 @entity1 . Of the 13 with DSA, 12 had @entity1577 compared with 18 of 31 in the non-DSA group (p = 0.035). Of those with DSAs, 23.1% occurred within the first year, and 69.2% occurred between 1 and 3 years. Twelve of 13 DSA patients had anti-HLA DQ specificity compared with 2 of 31 non-DSA @entity1 (p = 0.0007). AMR developed in 10 of the 13 DSA @entity1 compared with 1 of 31 non-DSA @entity1 (p = 0.0001). The DSA group experienced 2.6 episodes/ @entity1 of cellular rejection vs 1.7 episodes/ @entity1 in the non-DSA group (p = 0.059). @entity4154 developed in 11 of 13 in the DSA group vs 10 of 31 in the non-DSA group (p = 0.0024). In the DSA group, 11.5% HLAs matched compared with 20.4% in the non-DSA group (p = 0.093). AMR developed in 11 of 22 @entity1 in the non-DSA HLA group compared with 0 of 22 in the group without non-DSA HLA antibodies (p = 0.002). Survival at 1 and 3 years was 92% and 36% in the DSA group, respectively, and 97% and 65% in the non-DSA group. CONCLUSIONS: DSAs and non-DSAs occur frequently after lung transplantation. DSAs are prevalent in the @entity1577 and are associated with AMR, @entity4154 , and possibly, ACR.

title: Donor-specific antibodies are associated with antibody-mediated rejection, acute cellular rejection, @entity4154 , and XXXX after lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome', 'bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis population', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate timing for surgery and management of @entity66 in @entity1 with active mitral valve (MV) @entity884 . Results are based on 13 years of experience with MV repair in active @entity884 . METHOD: Between 1993 and 2005, 81 @entity1 were operated for active @entity339 , of which 63 (or 78%) had MV repair. For all @entity1 , the median time between diagnosis and surgery was 10 days. Diverse surgical techniques were applied to restore MV competence. In 59% of the @entity1 , pericardial patches, tricuspid autograft or partial MV homografts were used as leaflet substitutes. In addition, prosthetic rings were employed in 44% of the @entity1 . RESULTS: The overall operative mortality was 17.5%. However, considering only @entity1 in preoperative NYHA class I or II, the operative mortality could be reduced to 4.8%. NYHA class > or =3, elevated age (above 70 years) and history of valvular were the three independent risks factors for early mortality in our multivariate analysis. The average follow-up time was 60+/-37 months. During this period, five late deaths occurred, two of which were cardiac-related. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rate was 73+/-12% and 69+/-13%, respectively. In hospital survivors, freedom from @entity204 after 5 and 10 years was 93+/-8%. Three early and five late MV reoperations occurred in seven @entity1 , of them four could have MV re-repair. Only one @entity884 recurrence occurred after 4 months in a chronic haeamodialysed @entity1 . Freedom from MV reoperation was 89+/-10% and 72+/-24% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Ten-year freedom from MV replacement and from @entity884 recurrence were 95+/-5% and 98+/-1%, respectively. Annular abscesses and calcified or @entity627 were two independent risk factors associated with reoperation in our multivariate analysis. During the follow-up period, all @entity1 were in NYHA class I or II; 89% of @entity1 had @entity339 grade < or =I, only 11% had grade II on transthoracic echocardiography. CONCLUSION: Using diverse and advanced techniques of MV repair, a reparability rate of 80% can be reached among @entity1 with active @entity884 . We demonstrate that a high level of safety and excellent durability of MV repair can be obtained even for complex repairs.

title: Reconstructive surgery in active XXXX : feasibility, safety and durability.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MV endocarditis', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complex valve lesions']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic MV disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral valve endocarditis']


abstract: @entity1010 is a relevant surrogate marker of the disease process in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) because it represents the net effect of various pathological processes leading to brain tissue loss. There are various approaches to quantifying central nervous system @entity194 in @entity15 . We have focused on a normalized measure of whole @entity1010 , the @entity75 ( @entity75 ). @entity75 is defined as the brain parenchymal volume, divided by the volume within the surface of the brain. We applied this method to an MRI data set generated during a phase III clinical trial of interferon beta-1a (AVONEX). The purpose of the current study is to further explore clinical and MRI correlates of the @entity75 , particularly as they relate to relapse rate and Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS); and to further explore the therapeutic effects observed in interferon beta-1a recipients. Of all demographic and disease measures in the clinical trial data base, T2 lesion volume most closely correlated with @entity75 in cross sectional studies, and was the baseline factor most closely correlated with progressive @entity1010 in the subsequent 2 years. We also observed that change in T2 lesion volume was the disease measure most closely correlated with change in @entity75 during 2 years of observation. Of interest, relapse number and EDSS change during 2 years were only weakly correlated with @entity75 change during the same period. Disability progression, defined as sustained worsening of at least 1.0 EDSS points from baseline, persisting at least 6 months, was associated with significantly greater @entity1010 . We observed a therapeutic effect of interferon beta-1a in the second year of the clinical trial, and this beneficial effect was not accounted for by change in @entity2287 enhanced lesion volume, or by corticosteroid medication within 40 days of the final MRI scan. The @entity75 is an informative surrogate marker for destructive pathological processes in relaping @entity15 @entity1 , and is useful in demonstrating treatment effects in controlled clinical trials. The significance of progressive @entity1010 during relapsing @entity15 will be assessed by measuring clinical and MRI changes in prospective follow up studies.

title: XXXX in relapsing @entity15 : relationship to relapses, EDSS, and treatment with interferon beta-1a.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['BPF', 'brain parenchymal fraction']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy', 'Brain atrophy', 'brain atrophy progression']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1010 :: (MESH:C566985,Disease) :: ['Brain atrophy']


abstract: We report here a pedigree of @entity15206 with autosomal dominant inheritance. Following a traffic accident, the proband, a seven-year-old @entity1 , was incidentally noted by cranial computed tomography to have @entity730 of the bilateral basal ganglia. Six affected members spanning three generations, aged from 5 to 57 years, also had @entity730 in various degree. None of them had clinical symptoms. There were neither abnormal data nor any characteristic physical symptoms associated with @entity8611 . There was no consanguinity. Both sexes were affected and the sex ratio was 0.5. Male-to-male transmission was documented. These findings suggested an autosomal dominant trait. The clinico-radiological findings in our pedigree were different from those of the previously reported cases of @entity6516 , that @entity1 were affected and that clinical symptoms were absent in elderly @entity1 . These facts suggest our pedigree is a new type of @entity6516 with autosomal dominant inheritance.

title: [Asymptomatic XXXX with autosomal dominant inheritance: a family report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid disorders']

entities_list: @entity15206 :: ('MESH:C535607', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia calcification']

entities_list: @entity6516 :: ('MESH:C536275', 'Disease') :: ['familial basal ganglia calcification']

answer: @entity6516 :: (MESH:C536275,Disease) :: ['familial basal ganglia calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the longitudinal risk to @entity1 with @entity82 of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) developing from hypovascular hepatic nodules that show positive uptake of @entity18497 (hyperintensity) on hepatocyte phase images. METHODS: In 69 @entity1 , we evaluated findings from serial follow-up examinations of 633 hepatic nodules that appeared hypovascular and hyperintense on initial @entity18497 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI) until the nodules demonstrated hypervascularity and were diagnosed as hypervascular @entity157 . Cox analyses were performed to identify risk factors for the development of hypervascular HCCs from the nodules. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 663  days (range, 110 to 1215  days). Hypervascular HCCs developed in six of the 633 nodules (0.9  %) in five of the 69 @entity1 . The only independent risk factor, the nodule's initial maximum diameter of 10  mm or larger, demonstrated a hazard ratio of 1.25. The one-year risk of hypervascular @entity157 developing from a nodule was 0.44  %. The risk was significantly higher for nodules of larger diameter (1.31  %) than those smaller than 10  mm (0.10  %, p   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Hypervascular @entity157 rarely develops from @entity99 . We observed low risk even for nodules of 10  mm and larger diameter at initial examination. KEY POINTS:     Hypervascularization was rare on follow-up examination of hypovascular, hyperintense nodules     The risk of hypervascularization in a nodule increased with large size     Hypovascular, hyperintense nodules require neither treatment nor more intense follow-up.

title: Outcome of hypovascular hepatic nodules with positive uptake of @entity18497 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoxetic acid']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hypovascular, hyperintense hepatic nodules']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity146 are more prevalent in areas of high neighbourhood socioeconomic @entity1949 but whether the prevalence varies with neighbourhood @entity5562 is not known. AIMS: To investigate the hypothesis that the interaction between small-area @entity1949 and @entity5562 was associated with individual mental health. METHOD: Multilevel analysis of population data from the Welsh Health Survey, 2003/04-2010. A total of 88,623 respondents aged 18-74 years were nested within 50,587 households within 1887 lower super output areas (neighbourhoods) and 22 unitary authorities (regions), linked to the Gini coefficient ( @entity5562 ) and the per cent of households living in poverty ( @entity1949 ). Mental health was measured using the Mental Health Inventory MHI-5 as a discrete variable and as a 'case' of common @entity146 . RESULTS: High neighbourhood @entity5562 was associated with better mental health in @entity258 after adjusting for individual and household risk factors (parameter estimate +0.70 (s.e. = 0.33), P = 0.036; odds ratio (OR) for common @entity146 case 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97). Income inequality at regional level was significantly associated with poorer mental health (parameter estimate -1.35 (s.e. = 0.54), P = 0.012; OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.22). CONCLUSIONS: The associations between common @entity146 , income @entity1949 are complex. Income inequality at neighbourhood level is less important than @entity1949 as a risk factor for common @entity146 . The adverse effect of @entity5562 starts to operate at the larger regional level.

title: XXXX , neighbourhood income @entity1949 : small-area multilevel analysis.

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['income inequality']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['income deprivation', 'deprivation', 'inequality and income deprivation']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-deprivation neighbourhoods']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'Common mental disorders', 'mental disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Common mental disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of static pressure-volume (P-V) curve during @entity133 and derecruitment in mechanical ventilated @entity95 with @entity649 ( @entity649 ), and to explore the lung protective ventilation strategies. METHODS: The @entity649 @entity95 model was duplicated by warm-saline alveolar lavage. Dynamic CT scan was implemented to monitor the intrapulmonary gas volume and distribution during @entity133 and derecruitment gradually. Static P-V curve was measured to reflect the features of @entity133 and derecruitment. RESULTS: Four aeration regions including nonaeration, insufficient aeration, normal aeration and overinflation regions, varied following airway pressure variation (t = 2.477 - 9.794, all P < 0.05). Recruitment of insufficient aeration region was found. Alveolar recruitment was divided two parts, alveolar open at nonaeration region and recruitment at insufficient aeration region. And alveolar derecruitment was divided two parts, alveolar close at nonaeration region and derecruitment at insufficient aeration region. Distribution frequency of alveolar open was different from inspiratory (r = 0.219, P = 0.220). And distribution frequency of alveolar close was different from expiratory (r = 0.094, P = 0.593). The compliance of P-V curve was only positively correlated with the volume of insufficient aeration region (inspiration r = 0.827, P = 0.006; expiration r = 0.792, P = 0.011). The airway pressure with the maximal compliance at inspiratory P-V curve [(16.2 +/- 3.5) cm @entity2507 , 1 cm @entity2507 = 0.098 kPa] was positively correlated with the alveolar opening pressure [(16.4 +/- 3.4) cm @entity2507 , r = 0.900, P = 0.002], and the airway pressure with the maximal compliance at expiratory P-V curve [(11.9 +/- 2.4) cm @entity2507 ] was positively correlated with the alveolar closing pressure [(11.3 +/- 2.5) cm @entity2507 , r = 0.887, P = 0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: During inspiration, @entity133 takes place with @entity133 . The compliance of P-V curve is correlated with insufficient region volume, and reflects the potential of lung recruitment, and can predict the alveolar opening pressure and closing pressure.

title: [Evaluation of the characteristic of @entity133 and derecruitment with the static pressure-volume curve in XXXX with @entity649 ].

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar recruitment', 'alveolar overinflation']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: A 57-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of abdominal fullness. An abdominal ultrasonographic study disclosed multiple space-occupying lesions (SOL) in the liver. On blood examinationC the serum levels of @entity787 and CA19-9 were significantly high while those of @entity160 and SCC were within normal ranges. Endoscopically biopsied specimens of the lower esophagus histologically revealed poorly differentiated @entity957 . Pathohistologically similar findings were obtained from the needle biopsied specimen of the SOL in the liver. Thus the @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity957 of the esophagus with liver @entity3 . On the 41st hospital day the @entity1 died and an autopsy was performed. Although multiple @entity3 were recognized, @entity5 cells were limited within the submucosa of the esophagus. Immunostaining of @entity787 and CA19-9 was positive on the @entity189 cells both in the esophagus and the liver. Thus a relation between the biological malignancy of @entity418 and serum levels of @entity787 and CA19-9 was suggested.

title: [Case of submucosal @entity418 with multiple liver @entity3 showing high serum levels of XXXX and CA19-9].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited information on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusions (CTOs). OCT allows high resolution imaging that can enhance understanding of the vascular response after stenting of chronically occluded vessels. METHODS: The Angiographic Evaluation of the @entity2239 -Eluting Stent in @entity432 ( @entity1289 -CTO) study collected angiographic and clinical outcomes from 100 @entity1 undergoing CTO PCI with the @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES). OCT was performed 8-months post stenting in 62 @entity1 . Every third frame was analyzed throughout the course of the stented arterial segment. Lumen contours were semi-automatically traced and stent struts were manually delineated, with automatic measurement of the strut to lumen distance. Struts on the luminal side of the lumen contour were classified as malapposed if the distance to the lumen contour exceeded 0.108mm. RESULTS: A total of 44,450 struts in 6047 frames were analyzed, of which 4113 9.3%, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 9.0% to 9.5%) were malapposed and 1230 (2.8%, 95% CI 2.6% to 2.9%) were uncovered. Fifty-five of 62 @entity1 (88.7%, 95% CI 78.5% to 98.4%) had at least one malapposed stent strut and 50 @entity1 (80.7%, 95% CI 69.2% to 88.6%) had at least one uncovered stent strut. Mean strut-intimal thickness of the apposed and malapposed struts was 0.126  0.140mm and -0.491  0.440mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: High rates of stent strut malapposition and incomplete stent strut coverage were observed after CTO PCI using EES, highlighting unique challenges associated with stent implantation in CTOs.

title: Optical coherence tomography findings after chronic total occlusion interventions: Insights from the "AngiographiC evaluation of the XXXX -eluting stent in chronic @entity432 " ( @entity1289 -CTO) study (NCT01012869).

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Total Occlusions']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess associations between visual acuity (VA) and the status of the photoreceptor inner segment-outer segment (IS- @entity3012 ) junction in a subset of @entity1 in the Standard Care vs @entity228 for @entity2994 (SCORE) Study. METHODOLOGY: High-resolution time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of study eyes from a single site participating in the SCORE Study were evaluated. Integrity of the IS- @entity3012 junction in the central subfield was evaluated using a three-step scale: absent, abnormal or normal. Associations of the IS- @entity3012 status with ETDRS VA letter score and center point thickness (CPT) were investigated. RESULTS: Baseline OCTs of 42 eyes were evaluated. The IS- @entity3012 junction was absent in 30 (71%) and abnormal in 12 (29%). At month 12, the IS- @entity3012 junction was absent in 18 (43%), abnormal in 12 (28%), and normal in 12 (28%) eyes. At baseline, IS- @entity3012 status was significantly associated with CPT, but not with VA. At month 12, IS- @entity3012 status was significantly associated with CPT and VA, that is, absent or abnormal IS- @entity3012 was associated with increased CPT and worse VA. Change in IS- @entity3012 status was not associated with change in CPT (P=0.8). Worsening of IS- @entity3012 status was associated with loss of VA and improvement in IS- @entity3012 status to normal was associated with gain in VA (P=0.03). CONCLUSION: In this data set with long-term follow-up of OCTs as part of the SCORE Study, there is a correlation between change in IS- @entity3012 status and VA. This supports further evaluation of outer retinal morphology in larger data sets.

title: Association of outer retinal layer morphology with visual acuity in XXXX with @entity2994 : SCORE Study Report 13.

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['REtinal Vein Occlusion']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['COrticosteroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity8057 were studied for the incidence of @entity751 ( @entity751 ) and the circumstances in which this complication occurred. The following were evaluated: total serum protein, quantity of IgM paraprotein, and relative serum viscosity. These measurements were coupled with physical-chemical studies of isolated IgM proteins, including molecular weight and evaluation of molecular shape, by determination of intrinsic viscosity, viscosity increment, ratio of frictional coefficient, and coefficient of concentration dependence. It was found that relative serum viscosity values in the symptomatic range (above 6.0) were present in 38 per cent of the @entity1 and were usually associated with IgM values greater than 5.0 gm. per 100 ml. All IgM proteins studied were large, hydrodynamically active molecules. A @entity1 who developed @entity751 with IgM values below 3.5 gm. per 100 ml. had markedly asymmetrical molecules. The principal factors in the pathogenesis of this syndrome in @entity8057 are the concentration and molecular shape of IgM. Additional factors include protein-protein interactions between IgM and serum constituents.

title: Studies of the XXXX . II. @entity8057 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['hyperviscosity syndrome', 'HVS']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['hyperviscosity syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infantile desmoplastic fibromatoses are benign fibrous tissue @entity5 , non-metastasizing but locally aggressive and with high likelihood of recurrence. Many cases occur in young @entity1 between 18 months and 3 years and commonly present as painless mass of the submandibular region. The maxilla is rarely involved. AIM: Through this report and a review of literature, we are going to study clinical, pathological and prognostic characteristics of this affection. CASE REPORT: We report here a case of an aggressive @entity20392 arising in a 20-months-old @entity1 originating in the left anterior maxillary wall. Clinical examination of the face revealed a non tender, firm, expansion of the left maxilla of 2.5 cm of diameter. The diagnosis of DF of the maxilla was made on the basis of histological features on biopsy specimen. No other location of the @entity81 was found. The @entity1 had a favourable course. CONCLUSION: DF is an intraosseous, non metastasizing and locally aggressive @entity5 . Although its benignity, it could engage vital prognosis since it can extend into vital organs.

title: Infantile desmoplastic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity20392 :: ('MESH:D018220', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic fibroma']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['fibroma of the maxilla']


abstract: The study was purposed to investigate the effects and mechanism of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The model of @entity2132 in @entity35 had been established by allo-HSCT with donor derived T cells. The occurence of @entity2132 in recipients was observed in condition with or without donor derived MSC co-transplantation. Effects of MSCs on @entity2132 were analyzed by model @entity35 survival rate and pathology. Proportions of @entity11264 +CD25+ regulatory T cells were determined by using label spleen lymphocytes and thymocytes with double fluorescent-labeled antibodies and flow cytometry. The results showed that MSCs inhibited the lethal @entity2132 after HSC co-transplantation and increased the survival rate. The ratio of @entity11264 /CD8 deceased in @entity2132 group in different levels, as compared with that in the experimental group. The proportion of @entity11264 +CD25+ regulatory T cells of spleen lymphocytes was 31.55 +/- 7.58% and 20.90 +/- 1.90% in experimental and @entity2132 groups, respectively. Similarly, the proportion of @entity11264 +CD25+ regulatory T cells of thymocytes was 93.20 +/- 2.69% and 57.17 +/- 6.79% in experimental and the @entity2132 groups, respectively. Meanwhile the proportion of @entity11264 +CD25+ regulatory T cells was higher in experimental group than that in @entity2132 group. It is concluded that MSCs may prevent the lethal @entity2132 after allo-HSC co-transplantation and raise the survival rate of model @entity35 by acting on the @entity11264 +CD25+ regulatory T cells in vivo.

title: [Role of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in reduction of graft-versus-host disease by effecting @entity11264 +CD25+ regulatory T cells in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host desease']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Systemic antimicrobials are critically important in veterinary healthcare, and resistance is a major concern. Antimicrobial stewardship will be important in maintaining clinical efficacy by reducing the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. @entity4577 are one of the most common reasons for using systemic antimicrobials in @entity235 and @entity468 . Appropriate management of these infections is, therefore, crucial in any policy for responsible antimicrobial use. The goals of therapy are to confirm that an @entity281 is present, identify the causative bacteria, select the most appropriate antimicrobial, ensure that the @entity281 is treated correctly, and to identify and manage any underlying conditions. This is the second of two articles that provide evidence-led guidelines to help practitioners address these issues. Part 1 discussed the use of clinical signs, cytology and culture in diagnosis. This article will cover the rationale for topical and systemic antimicrobial therapy, including choice of first-, second- and third-line drugs, the dose, duration of therapy, compliance and identification of underlying predisposing conditions. In addition, there is guidance on cases of therapeutic failure and environmental hygiene. These guidelines will help veterinarians avoid the development and propagation of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains.

title: Suggested guidelines for using systemic antimicrobials in XXXX : part 2-- antimicrobial choice, treatment regimens and compliance.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial skin infections']

answer: @entity4577 :: (MESH:D017192,Disease) :: ['bacterial skin infections']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to examine whether genetic variation in @entity1254 , @entity15443 and @entity15445 may contribute to increased susceptibility to components of the @entity1720 ( @entity1720 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity1254 , @entity15443 and @entity15445 in Mexican American subjects (N=439) and performed an association analysis of @entity1720 -related traits. RESULTS: Of the eight SNPs examined in the @entity1254 gene, @entity43643 and @entity43644 exhibited significant associations with BMI (p=0.029 and p=0.032), fasting specific insulin (p=0.023 and p=0.026), @entity272 ( @entity272 ) (p=0.0089 and p=0.0084) and homeostasis model @entity1720 (HOMA-%S) (p=0.015 and p=0.016). Two other SNPs, @entity29124 and @entity26593 , were significantly associated with @entity272 (p=0.036 and p=0.013). SNP @entity43645 of @entity15443 was significantly associated with BMI, @entity272 and waist circumference (p=0.025, p=0.047 and p=0.0062). Fourteen of the @entity15445 SNPs were found to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with fasting plasma @entity412 concentrations. Four of these SNPs ( @entity43646 , @entity43647 , @entity43648 and @entity43649 ) were in high pairwise linkage disequilibrium (r (2)=0.99) and were strongly associated with fasting @entity412 levels (p=0.00029, p=0.00016, p=0.00027 and p=0.00021). Adjusting for the effects of BMI and HOMA-%S on @entity412 concentrations increased significance to p=0.000060 for SNP @entity43647 . Bayesian quantitative trait nucleotide analysis was used to examine all possible models of gene action. Again, SNP @entity43647 provided the strongest statistical evidence of an effect on @entity412 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These results provide evidence for association of SNPs in @entity1254 and its receptors with multiple @entity1720 -related phenotypes. Specifically, several genetic variants in @entity15445 were strongly associated with decreased @entity412 levels.

title: Association between variants in the genes for @entity1254 and its receptors with XXXX ( @entity1720 )-related phenotypes in Mexican Americans.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'sum of skin folds']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistance syndrome', 'assessment of insulin sensitivity', 'IRS']

answer: @entity1720 :: (MESH:D007333,Disease) :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, we reported that @entity13365 (AR) is the main @entity1 in @entity2647 -induced @entity1 ureteral contraction. We therefore decided to carry out a prospective randomized study to evaluate the effects of @entity6731 , a selective alpha 1A AR antagonist, as a medical expulsive therapy (MET) for distal ureteral stones. METHODS: A total of 112 male @entity1 , who were referred to our department for the management of symptomatic unilateral distal ureteral calculi of less than 10 mm, were randomly divided into two groups: group A (56 @entity1 ) who were instructed to drink 2 L of water daily and group B (56 @entity1 ) who received the same instruction and were also given @entity6731 (8 mg/daily) for a maximum of 4 weeks. Expulsion rate, expulsion time and need for analgesics were examined. RESULTS: The expulsion rate was 55.3 % (56 @entity1 ) for group A and 72.7 % (55 @entity1 ) for group B (P = 0.106). The expulsion rate for <5 mm was 92.9 % (28 @entity1 ) for group A and 69.2 % (26 @entity1 ) for group B (P = 0.053). The expulsion rate for >=  5 mm was 17.9 % (28 @entity1 ) for group A and 75.9 % (29 @entity1 ) for group B (P = 0.001). The expulsion time was 13.40    5.90 and 9.29    5.91 days, respectively (P = 0.012). Analgesics were required 1.5    3.1 and 0.3    0.9 times, respectively (P = 0.382). Stone size in expulsion cases was 3.64    1.25 and 5.23    2.32 mm, respectively (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Stone size has been identified as an important predictive factor for stone expulsion. Therefore, it is important that administration of @entity6731 can facilitate expulsion of 1.5 mm or larger distal ureteral stones, as compared to control. We believe that @entity6731 might have potential as a MET for distal ureteral stones.

title: Administration of the selective @entity13365 antagonist XXXX facilitates expulsion of size 5-10 mm distal ureteral stones, as compared to control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity13365 :: ('148', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 1A-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity6731 :: ('MESH:C095285', 'Chemical') :: ['silodosin']

answer: @entity6731 :: (MESH:C095285,Chemical) :: ['silodosin']


abstract: @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ) is a @entity262 that predominantly affects the skin. @entity358 ( @entity358 ) is rare and occurs most often in the course of the disease. We analyzed seven cases of DILO of @entity2631 recorded between 2003 and 2010 among 196 PID (3.6%). Functional signs were limited to @entity1576 , it was associated to @entity1282 in six cases, @entity2133 in five cases and @entity2407 in four cases. Clinical examination found crackles in the bases of the thorax in all cases and specific cutaneous signs in six cases. The chest radiograph showed that @entity401 predominates at the lung bases in all cases with a large aspect of the pulmonary arteries in two cases. The chest CT scan confirmed the predominance of basal and peripheral damage with signs of @entity82 in six cases. The pulmonary function objectified a severe restrictive @entity1576 in all cases. Bronchoscopy showed a normal macroscopic appearance in all cases, the broncho-alveolar lavage was predominated by neutrophilic formula in four cases. SCL 70 antibodies were positive in four cases. All @entity1 were treated by @entity230 with improvement of @entity1353 and stabilization of radiographs. A @entity1 had died in an array of @entity1576 and one @entity1 was lost to follow-up. @entity358 in @entity2631 is rare and seldom reveals the disease, it affects the @entity1 's prognosis especially when associated with @entity120 .

title: [ XXXX in @entity2631 . Analysis of radio-clinical and functional semiology].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry syndrome']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'Scleroderma', 'scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['arterial pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['DILD', 'Diffuse infiltrative lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure', 'ventilatory defect', 'respiratory dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Diffuse infiltrative lung disease']