abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) is a disorder of recurrent @entity49 , pregnancy losses, and @entity882 . Recurrent @entity715 has particularly adverse effects on @entity1 prognosis. The factors that influence recurrence and management techniques that prevent these events remain controversial. To add further insight regarding predisposing factors and the prevention of @entity715 recurrence, 61 well-characterized @entity1 with @entity1701 were followed up for a median time of 77 months. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in which the following factors were examined to determine their influence on @entity715 recurrence: primary vs secondary syndrome; the presence of @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity6 , or smoking; @entity1 age, sex, and race; pregnancy and oral contraceptives use; and treatment with @entity1229 , @entity1229 plus @entity117 , @entity117 alone, @entity229 , or no treatment. RESULTS: There was no difference between @entity1 with primary and secondary @entity1701 with respect to recurrent arterial (55% vs 38%, respectively) or recurrent venous (47% vs 50%, respectively) @entity715 events. In all @entity1 with @entity1701 , white race (P = .02) was associated with recurrent arterial events. @entity49 occurred during pregnancy or in the postpartum period in 16 (30%) of 53 @entity1 and in 8 @entity1 taking oral contraceptives. Recurrent arterial and @entity1150 were significantly decreased with prophylactic @entity1229 use when compared with @entity229 use or no treatment. Recurrences were infrequent in @entity1 with prothrombin ratios of 1.5 to 2.0. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity1229 was most effective in preventing recurrent @entity49 . Pregnancy and the use of oral contraceptives or @entity229 may also influence recurrence.

title: A retrospective review of 61 patients with XXXX . Analysis of factors influencing recurrent @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['arterial and venous thrombosis', 'venous or arterial thrombosis', 'Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['Antiphospholipid syndrome', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin sodium', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: Despite the introduction of novel drugs, cure of @entity1582 remains rare. Allo- @entity12497 can induce long-term remission, but randomized studies in advanced disease are lacking and the influence of novel drugs remains unclear. In our retrospective analysis of all @entity1 with @entity1582 allografted in Switzerland, 95 @entity1 were transplanted between 1988 and 2011. Most @entity1 were heavily pre-treated, and 53% received novel drugs before transplant. In all, 51% were allografted after relapse or progression. Transplant trends changed over time with an increase in reduced intensity conditioning and unrelated donors. At the time of analysis 47 @entity1 remained alive, with a median follow-up of survivors of 53 months. Acute @entity102 (cGVHD) occurred in 49% and 53%, respectively; TRM at 5 years was 18%. Five-year OS and PFS were 51% and 29%, respectively. @entity1 who received transplant upfront vs after relapse had a significantly better outcome, as well as those who had a related donor and achieved CR post transplant. We found no impact of pre-treatment with novel drugs or cGVHD. Although long-term remission following allo- @entity12497 can be achieved, GVHD and TRM remain major limitations. Our series suggests that benefit is highest when allo- @entity12497 is used early in the disease.

title: Allo- @entity12497 for @entity1582 in the era of novel agents: a retrospective study on behalf of Swiss Blood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD II-IV and chronic GVHD']

answer: @entity12497 :: (MESH:C535780,Disease) :: ['SCT']


abstract: The Ras-dependent activation of @entity2509 kinases by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is thought to involve @entity669 phosphorylation of docking proteins that serve as scaffolds for the plasma membrane recruitment of Ras @entity6370 exchange factors, such as the @entity24576 -mSos complex. We have investigated the role of two GPCR-regulated @entity669 phosphoproteins, @entity2305 ( @entity2305 ) and Shc, in the Ras-dependent activation of @entity2509 kinases by endogenously expressed GPCRs in @entity35 1a fibroblasts. Several lines of evidence suggest that @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity2305 and Shc are independently regulated. The GPCRs for @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ), thrombin, and @entity6138 mediate equivalent increases in @entity2305 @entity669 phosphorylation and @entity2305 - @entity24576 association. In contrast, only @entity4991 and thrombin receptors significantly stimulate Shc @entity669 phosphorylation and Shc- @entity24576 complex formation. @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity2305 is pertussis toxin-insensitive, can be mimicked by @entity460 ionophore, and is inhibited by treatment with cytochalasin D, which depolymerizes the actin cytoskeleton. In contrast, @entity669 phosphorylation of Shc is inhibited by pertussis toxin treatment, is not induced by @entity460 ionophore, and is insensitive to cytochalasin D. In each case, the rapid stimulation of @entity2508 correlates with @entity669 phosphorylation of Shc but not of @entity2305 . The dissociation of @entity2305 - @entity24576 complex formation from receptor-mediated activation of @entity2508 indicates that recruitment of @entity24576 -mSos to the plasma membrane is not sufficient to mediate rapid @entity2509 activation. Using four mechanistically distinct inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, concanavalin A, hypertonic medium, depletion of intracellular @entity972 , and @entity3764 , we find that GPCR-mediated @entity2508 activation is also endocytosis-dependent. Thus, we propose that an additional step involving vesicle-mediated endocytosis is required for the rapid, Ras-dependent activation of @entity2509 kinases in fibroblasts.

title: G protein-coupled receptors mediate two functionally distinct pathways of @entity669 phosphorylation in @entity35 1a fibroblasts. Shc phosphorylation and receptor endocytosis correlate with activation of XXXX kinases.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity3764 :: ('MESH:C008542', 'Chemical') :: ['monodansylcadaverine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity2509 :: (24338(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Erk']


abstract: We analyzed the subtypes and genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility profiles of 18 @entity2858 isolates from treatment-naive @entity1 in Nigeria. A modified gp41-based heteroduplex mobility assay was used to determine the clade designation based on the envelope gene. The protease and most of the reverse transcriptase regions were cloned into a retroviral expression vector and sequenced. Samples were also analyzed phenotypically using a rapid phenotypic assay (PhenoSense @entity645 , ViroLogic, Inc.). According to the modified gp41-based heteroduplex mobility assay, the @entity1 were infected with either clade G (17 specimens) or clade A (one specimen) isolates. From phylogenetic analyses of 1212 nucleotides of the polymerase gene, 14 of the 18 isolates were strongly grouped with subtype G reference strains. The remaining four isolates were grouped with the CRF_02_AG clade. Within the protease region, all 18 isolates had mutations/polymorphic substitutions at six locations compared to the @entity2858 NL4-3 reference sequence, two of which have been associated with resistance to protease inhibitors ( @entity52023 and @entity16758 ). At least half of the isolates had mutations/polymorphic substitutions at an additional five positions in the protease region. Within the reverse transcriptase (RT) region, all 18 isolates showed an @entity52024 mutation/polymorphic substitution. Mutations/polymorphic substitutions were also found in at least half of the isolates at 21 positions. The phenotypic profiles of the viruses correlated well with the observed genotypes. Two isolates showed slightly reduced susceptibility to one or two of the five PIs assessed ( @entity486 and @entity486 / @entity5191 ) and all 18 viruses were susceptible to all NRTIs and NNRTIs analyzed.

title: Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in antiretroviral drug-naive Nigerian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5191 :: ('MESH:D019888', 'Chemical') :: ['nelfinavir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity52023 :: ('p|SUB|K|20|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K20I']

entities_list: @entity16758 :: ('p|SUB|M|36|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M36I']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: Decreased chemosensitivity to @entity2944 , a common finding in @entity6 , seems related to @entity4148 . We proposed to verify whether simple neuroautonomic cardiovascular tests or indexes of severity of @entity6 and @entity1576 can identify @entity1 with such a dysfunction, but no clinical evidence of @entity4148 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , 20 with @entity4148 according to the results of a standardized test battery, were studied and compared with 40 normal subjects matched by age and sex. Spirometry and pulmonary diffusing capacity for @entity1223 were performed. The chemosensitivity to @entity2944 was tested by the rebreathing method. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between @entity1 with and without @entity4148 in chemosensitivity to @entity2944 , as expressed by the ventilation response to increasing end-tidal pressure of @entity544 ; however, it was lower in the whole group of @entity1 with @entity6 than in control subjects (1.71    0.80 vs. 2.45    1.11 l      min      mmHg, respectively, P=0.002). No significant correlation was found between ventilation response to increasing end-tidal pressure of @entity544 and the results of autonomic tests. In @entity1 with @entity6 , the ventilatory response to @entity2944 significantly correlated with pulmonary diffusing capacity for @entity1223 (Spearman's rho=0.387, P=0.013) and this was the only variable significantly associated with ventilation response to increasing end-tidal pressure of @entity544 in a multiple regression model. CONCLUSIONS: Chemosensitivity to @entity2944 was @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity6 , irrespective of @entity4148 , in comparison with control subjects. The correlation with pulmonary diffusing capacity for @entity1223 suggests that microcirculatory damage might contribute to depress the central chemosensitivity.

title: Pulmonary diffusing capacity for @entity1223 : a marker of XXXX @entity6 ?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory impairment']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: This study aims to demonstrate predictive factors for post traumatic @entity1644 (PTS), and in particular to correlate the role of insufficiency of reduction of a @entity174 with the occurrence of @entity1644 . One hundred and twenty-eight spinal cord injured @entity1 (SCI) were studied during the years 1992 and 1993. Among them, 75 underwent a complete and reliable evaluation including: review of the initial @entity75 , and of the surgery report, and a radiological study of the lesion site with standard X-rays, a CT scan, and an MRI. The CT Scan included slices in sagittal reconstructions and in the axial plane at the site of injury with the calculation of a percentage of canal @entity850 in the two planes of the space. An MRI was carried out with T1 and T2 weighted images, including sagittal entire cord images in addition to sagittal and axial slices centred on the site of injury. A syrinx was diagnosed in 28% of the @entity1 . The occurrence of a syrinx is significantly correlated with @entity612 in the sagittal plane (delta D) with a P < 0.001 and in the axial plane (delta S) (P < 0.05). This present study demonstrates the major role of the insufficiency of reduction of the @entity75 in the genesis of a syrinx. The quality of the initial treatment of the @entity130 is the first step in the prevention of a syrinx. The treatment of a syrinx, besides techniques of drainage, must also take into account the spinal realignment.

title: @entity1644 and post-traumatic XXXX : a direct relationship: review of 75 @entity1 with a spinal cord injury.

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['spinal fracture']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral lesion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral injury']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal canal stenosis']


abstract: We investigated the molecular mechanisms of @entity2893 resistance in clinical isolates of @entity7100 and their clinical characteristics. Nonreplicable @entity7100 isolates were recovered from six @entity5 @entity1 and one @entity1 with @entity1575 at a tertiary-care hospital in Korea between 2002 and 2009. Two @entity1 who were considered to have a true @entity281 caused by these microorganisms have died. All isolates produced AmpC b-lactamases, including ACT-1, ACT-2, MIR-3 and DHA-1, and @entity3525 -M- or SHV-type extended-spectrum b-lactamase. Two isolates produced plasmid-borne VIM-2 carbapenemase. All probes specific for bla(AmpC) genes hybridized with I-CeuI chromosomal fragments were also recognized by a probe specific for 16S rDNA, suggesting a chromosomal location. @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis showed that a major outer membrane protein, OmpF, was absent in all isolates. PFGE of XbaI-digested DNA were considered to be unrelated. The results of our study suggest that the chromosomal AmpC b-lactamase with impermeability in @entity7100 clinical isolates implicated in reduced @entity2893 susceptibility. Although @entity2893 -resistant @entity7100 isolates were isolated in a few @entity1 in our study, the clinical outcomes were grave. Therefore, the @entity1 colonized or infected by @entity2893 -resistant @entity7100 isolates should gain attention of antibiotic therapy.

title: Molecular mechanisms of XXXX resistance in @entity7100 clinical isolates from Korea and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity7100 :: ('550', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter cloacae', 'E. cloacae']

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity849 or @entity1146 (PVS/A) is a rare entity with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics, progression, and prognostic factors of primary PVS/A in @entity1 . METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of @entity1 who had primary PVS/A with normally connected pulmonary veins (PVs) at five pediatric cardiology centers in Korea between 1995 and 2010. RESULTS: A total of 34 cases were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 12.0 months. During the follow-up period (median, 18 months; range, 2 to 185 months), PVS/A progressed to previously uninvolved veins in 9 @entity1 . Surgical interventions were performed on 29 @entity1 (venoplasty on 25 and pneumonectomy on 4). Nineteen of the @entity1 who underwent venoplasty had @entity256 after a median of 2 months. The sutureless technique did not reduce the rate of @entity256 , progression of the disease to previously uninvolved PVs, or mortality rate. The mortality rate was 46.7%, the median age of @entity204 was 10.8 months, and the median interval between diagnosis and @entity204 was 3.0 months. In univariate analysis, predictors of @entity204 included involvement of at least three PVs, bilateral PV involvement, infancy-onset PVS/A, @entity256 after surgery, and progression to previously uninvolved PVs. In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for @entity204 were involvement of at least three PVs (hazard ratio, 8.8; p < 0.0001) and progression to uninvolved PVs (hazard ratio, 4.2; p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Primary PVS/A may carry a significant risk of recurrent and progressive @entity4406 or @entity204 even after surgical venoplasty.

title: Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of primary XXXX or @entity1146 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['PV obstruction']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary vein stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity21204 , or @entity715 ( @entity715 ) associated with anaerobic @entity281 of the head and neck and frequently complicated by @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ), has historically been described as a disease of young adults. In recent years, an increasing number of case reports of childhood @entity21204 have been published, focusing mostly on the clinical and laboratory findings at disease presentation and the outcomes of @entity281 . Given the potentially life-threatening @entity1031 complications of this disorder, we reviewed our single-institutional experience with pediatric Lemierre's and @entity21204 (LALLS) from within the context of a larger cohort study of @entity715 in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 who were aged from birth to 21 years and had received a diagnosis of @entity715 and @entity21204 at the @entity1 's Hospital (Denver, CO) between 2001 and 2005 were identified for inclusion. Case designation of LALLS required all the following: (1) radiologic confirmation of @entity715 , (2) clinical diagnosis of @entity7551 or other @entity221 , and (3) intraoperative evidence of @entity281 in the head and neck region or radiologic demonstration of @entity358 . Isolation of a causative organism by microbiologic culture of blood, tissue, or purulent fluid was also a necessary diagnostic criterion among @entity1 who had not been treated with antibiotics before culture. A designation of classic @entity21204 was reserved for documented cases of anaerobic @entity281 . @entity1 in whom @entity715 was associated with the presence of an ipsilateral central venous catheter were excluded from the analysis. Analysis included information on underlying medical conditions, microbiologic and radiologic findings, and @entity49 testing results from the time of diagnosis, as well as antimicrobial and anticoagulant therapies administered. In addition, clinical outcomes were evaluated via serial follow-up and included @entity548 complications, @entity715 resolution on serial radiologic studies, symptomatic recurrent @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), and mortality. RESULTS: From January 2001 to January 2005, 9 @entity1 with LALLS were identified. Median age was 15 years (range: 2.5-20 years). Clinical presentation was consistent with septic @entity1151 in 5 cases and @entity326 in 2. @entity49 was present in 100% (7 of 7) of @entity1 tested, consisting principally of antiphospholipid antibodies and elevated factor @entity797 activity. Anticoagulation was given in 89% (8 of 9), for a median duration of 3 months (range: 7 weeks-1 year). After a median follow-up time of 1 year, all @entity1 had survived without recurrent @entity1211 or anticoagulant-associated major @entity548 . @entity715 failed to resolve at 3 to 6 months in 38% of anticoagulated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that LALLS is an emerging pediatric concern with serious acute (eg, septic @entity1151 ) and chronic (eg, persistent vascular occlusion) complications. Septic @entity715 may not be uniquely anaerobic, and the inflammatory prothrombotic state is often characterized by antiphospholipid antibodies and elevated factor @entity797 levels. Early diagnosis and aggressive antimicrobial and antithrombotic therapies in LALLS may be necessary for optimal long-term outcomes.

title: Lemierre's and XXXX in @entity1 : survival and @entity1031 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive hypercoagulability', 'Thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'septic pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'loculated infection']

entities_list: @entity21204 :: ('MESH:D057831', 'Disease') :: ["Lemierre's-like syndromes", "Lemierre's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['jugular vein thrombosis', 'thrombus', 'JVT', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity21204 :: (MESH:D057831,Disease) :: ['Lemierre's-like syndromes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the use of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and to treat @entity227 in @entity231 ( @entity231 ) breaks after forceps delivery. METHODS: An 8-year-old @entity1 presented with unilateral @entity397 secondary to forceps delivery. Central, vertically oriented @entity231 breaks significantly decreased visual acuity. Preoperative visual acuity was 20/80. A DSAEK was performed, the @entity231 and endothelium were stripped from the recipient, and an 8.5-mm-diameter donor button consisting of posterior stroma and healthy endothelium was folded and implanted through a 5-mm incision. An air bubble was used to press the donor tissue against the recipient cornea, allowing it to attach without sutures. RESULTS: Graft dislocation in the early postoperative period required surgical repositioning of the donor lenticule, which led to excellent anatomic and functional outcomes. There was a significant and rapid improvement of the best-corrected visual acuity, which was 20/50 at the first month and 20/32 at the seventh month postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of a DSAEK in a @entity1 with @entity231 tears after forceps delivery. Selective replacement of posterior corneal layers with DSAEK might be a promising alternative to penetrating keratoplasty to successfully treat endothelial or @entity231 lesions during childhood.

title: Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in a XXXX with descemet membrane breaks after forceps delivery.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['DM ruptures']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'Descemet membrane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: In the course of routine screening of beta-adrenoceptor blocking compounds, it was found that a number of compounds did not block the vascular and cardiac effects of @entity3044 in proportion. Moreover, it was also found that the anti-arrhythmic action was not wholly related to the beta-adrenoceptor blocking potency. In particular, the anti-ouabain @entity943 properties were not dependent upon beta-blocking potency. It was, therefore, possible to select a compound which had both cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking and anti-ouabain arrhythmic activities. The chosen compound was @entity10719 . @entity10719 is a cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent which has marked anti-arrhythmic against @entity943 induced by @entity9537 and adrenalin in the cat, and also @entity943 induced by @entity7832 in @entity235 and @entity95 . It has less pronounced membrane stabilising properties than @entity1169 and has no demonstrable sympathomimetic action in normal anaesthetised @entity468 or @entity235 . Bronchial beta-adrenoceptor blockade has been investigated in anaesthetised @entity468 in which bronchoconstriction is evoked by PGF2 alpha. @entity3044 prevents the effect of PGF2 alpha and this is restored by pre-treatment with @entity1169 . @entity10719 is 100 times less active than @entity1169 in these experiments.

title: [Pharmacology of XXXX in animals].

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity10719 :: ('MESH:D000070', 'Chemical') :: ['acebutolol', 'Acebutolol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity9537 :: ('MESH:C024566', 'Chemical') :: ['methylchloroform']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity10719 :: (MESH:D000070,Chemical) :: ['acebutolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic polypectomy still remains the cornerstone of therapy for @entity6523 . However, if @entity1127 are too large or not accessible for endoscopic ablation or cannot be removed without an increased risk for perforation, operative procedures are required. In such circumstances, laparoscopic resection represents a minimally invasive alternative. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1993 and December 2004, more than 2,500 endoscopic polypectomies were performed at the Department of Surgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus L  beck, Germany. In @entity1 which could not be treated by endoscopic polypectomy due to size, location, and/or risk of complications, a laparoscopic colorectal resection was performed. All data were prospectively assessed in our "colorectal resection" database. RESULTS: The database analysis revealed 58 @entity1 with endoscopically not resectable @entity1127 who underwent a laparoscopic colorectal resection (intend to treat). In 54 @entity1 , the operative procedure could be finished by the laparoscopic approach (study population). The conversion rate was 6.9% (four of 58). An ileocolic resection was performed in 20 @entity1 (37.0%), and 14 @entity1 (25.9%) underwent an anterior rectal resection. A right colectomy was necessary in 12 @entity1 (22.2%), and six @entity1 (11.1%) underwent a sigmoid resection. In the remaining two @entity1 , a left colectomy and a resection of the transverse colon were performed. Intra- and @entity260 occurred in five @entity1 (9.3%). Perioperative mortality was not registered. The histopathological work-up revealed benign disease in all cases. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic resection of @entity1127 is a safe and minimally invasive technique for the management of benign @entity14 . Thus, the laparoscopic approach to endoscopically not resectable @entity1127 enriches the therapeutic spectrum.

title: Laparoscopic colorectal resection for benign XXXX not suitable for endoscopic polypectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps and adenomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: @entity358 in @entity3969 @entity1 has been given prophylactically and for treatment of @entity3 . Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity3969 who have survived for 4 to 20 years from the time of diagnosis were avaiable for study. @entity358 was given in doses from 1163 to 1370 rads (orthovoltage). Eighteen @entity1 (Group N) received no irradiation to the lungs. The remaining 15 @entity1 were divided according to whether pulmonary irradiation was given for @entity3 (Group M--10 @entity1 ) or for prophylactic treatment (Group P--five @entity1 ). All but five @entity1 in Group N received at least one course of @entity4316 . A routine set of pulmonary function tests was done to assess possible @entity358 and the mechanics of breathing. Group N was normal. The findings in Group M suggested moderately reduced lung volumes and may have also reflected obstruction of the large airways and/or a limited expiratory effort. Group P had essentially normal lung volumes but also appeared to have obstruction of the larger airways. Abnormalities were generally not severe; only two @entity1 , in Group M, were symptomatic. Excess irradiation, presence of metastatsis, additional lung irradiation, and @entity55 may have contributed to morbidity.

title: Pulmonary function in survivors of XXXX . Patterns of impairment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Whole-lung irradiation', 'abnormalities of lung volume']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' Tumor", "Wilm's tumor"]

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilm's tumor']


abstract: Bone biopsies were studied in 73 @entity1 to determine if a two-site radioimmunometric assay for serum bone @entity623 (BAP), total serum @entity623 ( @entity623 ), serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), hand X-rays, regional bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and @entity8611 detected by ultrasonography could accurately predict @entity8 . In the @entity1 studied 57 had @entity79 , 4 mixed @entity8 , 3 @entity79 , 1 @entity4772 and 8 normal histology. Serum BAP, @entity623 and iPTH correlated positively with mineral apposition rate, osteoblastic, osteoid and eroded surface. In the diagnosis of @entity79 serum iPTH was the most sensitive investigation, detecting 81% of @entity1 at a level > 100 pg/ml but with a specificity of only 66%. Serum BAP was more sensitive, 70% at a level of > 10 ng/ml, than serum total @entity623 , 30% at a level of 300 IU/l, with similar specificities, 92 and 100%, respectively. Ultrasound detection of an enlarged parathyroid gland had a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of @entity79 . Hand X-rays had a poor sensitivity, 47%, but a high specificity, 92%, for the detection of @entity79 . The majority of @entity1 had regional BMD values within the normal reference range and this test was of poor discriminatory value. The non-invasive markers were unable to distinguish between @entity1 with low turnover, mild @entity2742 and @entity1 with normal histology. In conclusion the measurement of serum iPTH is a useful screening tool for the detection of @entity79 which can be confirmed by the finding of a raised serum BAP or @entity8611 . For definitive diagnosis, however, the gold standard remains bone biopsy and at present one cannot recommend any non-invasive method as an adequate substitute.

title: Assessment of @entity8 in dialysis @entity1 : use of bone XXXX , bone mineral density and parathyroid ultrasound in comparison with bone histology.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid enlargement']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['adynamic bone disease', 'hyperparathyroid bone disease']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity623 :: (250,Gene) :: ['alkaline phosphatase']


abstract: @entity6715 or @entity137 ( @entity137 ) is a rare dermatological disease that causes serious morbidity and mortality. It is most commonly drug induced. The authors report the case of a 57-year-old @entity1 who was admitted to our hospital with severe @entity1910 all over the body. She had been previously submitted to brain surgery for total resection of a large @entity1653 and medicated with @entity3174 for @entity410 prophylaxis. During this treatment, @entity4530 were observed first on her face and trunk and then spreading to the entire body. Detachment of the skin, as well as @entity9358 and conjunctiva, was also observed. @entity137 was diagnosed, and @entity3174 was discontinued. Intravenous fluids, systemic @entity230 and tightened infection control measures were implemented. After 10_emsp14;days, skin recovery and re-epithelialisation were established, temperature decreased and mucosal complications stabilised. The @entity1 was discharged after 1_emsp14;month of hospitalisation.

title: @entity3174 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ["Lyell's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous lesions and blisters']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity9358 :: ('MESH:D009078', 'Disease') :: ['mucous involvement especially of mouth']

answer: @entity6715 :: (MESH:D013262,Disease) :: ['Lyell's syndrome']


abstract: @entity5 are common in infancy, affecting as many as 10% of @entity1 . These lesions often follow a benign course, with an initial proliferative phase followed by spontaneous involution, and require no therapy. Others manifest explosive early growth and @entity16970 , requiring therapeutic intervention. Occasionally, some @entity5 threaten life or vision because of mass effect, also mandating intervention. @entity230 are the mainstay of therapy, but often are ineffective. Interferon alpha (2a and 2b) has been used as second-line therapy in cases of @entity134 failure. However, interferon therapy has been associated with a significant incidence of @entity306 . The authors present the case of a 3-month-old @entity1 in whom respiratory distress secondary to tracheal compression developed. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography showed a large cervicothoracic lesion encasing the great vessels and displacing the airway. She did not display associated @entity16970 . The lesion proved refractory to standard @entity134 therapy, but responded dramatically to 4 cycles of @entity1891 (0.05 mg/kg). Although this agent has been used in @entity1 with life-threatening @entity16970 , this is the first time it has been described in the setting of compromised vital function. Vinca alkaloids recently have been shown to have potent antiangiogenic activities in experimental models. Given the low predicted incidence of side effects at this dose, @entity1891 used as an antiangiogenic agent may prove an attractive alternative therapy for @entity1 with life-threatening @entity5 of infancy.

title: Effective therapy of a XXXX of infancy with @entity1891 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumors', 'Vascular tumors', 'bulky tumors']

entities_list: @entity16970 :: ('MESH:D059885', 'Disease') :: ['Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic diplegia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vascular tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of pretreatment and treatment-related factors on local-regional control and overall survival rates in advanced (III and IV stage) @entity135 @entity1 treated with alternating chemoradiotherapy, a selected group of 115 @entity1 who had PS < or = 1 and received a total dose of radiotherapy (RT) within +/- 5% of that planned, was analyzed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 were planned to receive 4 cycles of chemotherapy ( @entity900 and @entity1487 ) alternated with radiotherapy (60 Gy/30 fractions). However, mainly due to systemic @entity137 , about 30% of the @entity1 received less than 90% of the planned combined chemotherapy total dose (CCTD). Based on differences in treatment planning and delivery, @entity1 were divided into two groups. For living @entity1 , median follow-up is 34 months (range: 24-111 months). RESULTS: At multivariate analysis, RT technique (p = 0.008), N stage (p = 0.010) and CCTD (p = 0.027) were independent predictors of LRC. Compared to each favorable subset (RR = 1), the relative risks of LRC failure were 2.18 (95% CI: 1.21-3.91), 2.23 (95% CI: 1.11-4.50) and 2.23 (95% CI: 1.15-4.31) for @entity1 without improved dose distribution and treatment delivery, with bilateral nodes or nodes greater than 6 cm, and with a CCTD lower than 90%, respectively. Regarding overall survival, only RT treatment was found to be an independent predictor (p = 0.037), with an RR of 1.61 (95% CI: 1.02-2.53) for @entity1 without improved dose distribution and treatment delivery. CONCLUSION: Optimal delivery of RT dose is crucial in @entity1 with advanced @entity135 , even if they receive chemotherapy as part of their treatment. This study also suggests that chemotherapy total dose may play a role in @entity1 outcome, but this must be confirmed prospectively.

title: Chemotherapy alternated with radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced XXXX : predictive factors of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dissemination in @entity1 with @entity4536 has previously been recorded in @entity1 infection with @entity3667 and L. tropica. In this study, the potential for dissemination in different ethnic groups in Saudi Arabia was compared. METHODS: The data were recorded from a group of 73 @entity1 with suspected @entity4536 (43 Saudi and 30 non-Saudi) attending the Dermatology Clinics at King Fahd Hospital of the University and Al-Khobar Government Hospital at Al-Khobar, Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. The @entity1 were of various age groups (all male) between 1 and 55 years. The diagnosis of @entity4536 was confirmed clinically and by smear and skin biopsy. The following data were recorded for each @entity1 : type, number, and anatomic sites of disseminative lesions and the frequency of co-occurrence of more than one type of lesion. RESULTS: Three types of disseminative lesions due to @entity4536 were recorded in 16 @entity1 (21.92%): subcutaneous nodules, satellite papules, and subcutaneous induration. The percentage of disseminative lesions in non-Saudi @entity1 (36.66%) was higher than in Saudi @entity1 (11. 63%). This was also true for the number of lesions: a mean of 12.27+/- 10 and 6.4+/-3, respectively. The coexistence of more than one type of disseminative lesion was higher in non-Saudi @entity1 (63. 63%) than in Saudi @entity1 (20.0%), as well as the occurrence of lesions on more than one body site: 36.4% in non-Saudi @entity1 and 20.0% in Saudi @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The potential for dissemination due to @entity4536 was significantly higher in the nonindigenous population than in the indigenous population in Saudi Arabia. Disseminative lesions must be clinically differentiated from other @entity272 and appropriately treated by avoiding the use of intralesional drugs or physical therapy.

title: Dissemination in XXXX due to @entity3667 in different ethnic groups in Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The origin and pathogenesis of @entity438 arising at nonbranching sites are not clear. Using our animal model to induce @entity438 in @entity35 , we examined induced @entity439 that developed at nonbranching sites. METHODS: In 35 @entity35 , the left common carotid artery was ligated and renal @entity101 was produced to induce @entity438 . Twelve months later, the circle of Willis was carefully examined under a dissecting microscope. RESULTS: Other than @entity438 at branching sites of the circle of Willis, aneurysmal bulges developing at nonbranching sites were found in the proximal portion of the posteriorice rebral artery (P1) on the side of carotid ligation, which supposedly acted as a major collateral pathway after the ligation, in 19 of 35 treated @entity35 . A total of 30 lesions were found in these 19 @entity35 , and they were classified into @entity439 (22 lesions) involving the entire vessel wall for a short distance and @entity439 (8 lesions) involving only a part of the wall and expanding laterally from the vessel wall. These P1s became larger in caliber and more tortuous after ligation. @entity439 developed more frequently in proportion to these changes in these vessels. Moreover, most @entity439 in these vessels developed at or near the curvatures. All of the @entity439 were found on the lateral wall of the curvatures of the vessels. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that @entity438 at nonbranching sites and @entity439 at branching sites can occur under the same etiologic conditions. The site of origin is strongly related to hemodynamic stress.

title: XXXX arising at nonbranching sites. An experimental Study.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'saccular aneurysms', 'lateral aneurysms', 'fusiform aneurysms', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ) plays important roles in hematopoietic and immunologic systems. Some isoforms or mutations have been demonstrated including membrane-bound and cellular @entity6824 , which associated with some @entity1778 , @entity5 . We previously reported that the @entity6824 -like membrane-associated factor ( @entity16408 -J6-1) and its receptor was found from @entity1 leukemic cell line J6-1. In this report, the cDNA of @entity16408 -J6-1 and its receptor were cloned. The cDNA sequence of @entity16408 -J6-1 shows a 768bp open reading frame (ORF) with 99.2% homology to m- @entity6824 , but six site mutations, including two synonymous mutations and four missense mutations. The cDNA of @entity16408 -J6-1-R has a 2916bp ORF shared 99.6% homology with @entity6823 , but 13 site mutations, including six synonymous mutations and seven missense mutations. At the same time, a 1662bp mutant s- @entity6824 cDNA, which has 10 site mutations including three synonymous mutations and seven missense mutations, was cloned from J6-1 cells. The cDNAs of @entity16408 -J6-1 and @entity16408 -J6-1-R were inserted into a @entity1 expression plasmid pTARGET and were expressed in COS-7 cells that demonstrated by their specific MAb. COS-7 cells transfected with @entity16408 -J6-1-R show obvious protein @entity669 kinase (PTK) activity. Our present work shows that @entity16408 -J6-1 and its receptor are mutations of @entity6824 and its receptor.

title: Clone and expression of mutant XXXX and its receptor from @entity1 leukemic cell line J6-1.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma and other solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['M-CSF', 'Macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6824 :: (1435,Gene) :: ['M-CSF']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of detection of @entity1 @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) message, a catalytic domain of @entity1 telomerase, in endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP)-derived pancreatic juice. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Both @entity2215 and @entity2902 expression were detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in 17 @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ), 12 @entity1 with @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ), and 7 @entity1 with no ERP abnormality (N). In the same @entity1 , @entity217 message was semiquantified by competitive RT-PCR. @entity984 codon 12 mutations were concomitantly analyzed by enriched PCR-SSCP in 11 and 7 @entity788 and @entity1689 cases, respectively. RESULTS: Expression of @entity2215 was detected in 88% of @entity788 cases and 17% of @entity1689 cases but not in the normal control (N). Alterations in @entity984 were detected in 73% of @entity788 cases and 57% of @entity1689 cases, respectively. @entity217 mRNA was expressed in >3.0 x 10(1) copies/microl in all but two @entity788 cases in which @entity2215 mRNA was not detected. @entity2902 -positive and -negative peripheral lymphocytes were isolated from a normal volunteer using a fluorescent activating cell sorter. The @entity2215 message was detected in @entity2902 -positive peripheral lymphocytes and in 18, 25, and 0% of the pancreatic juice samples from @entity788 , @entity1689 , and N cases, respectively. All @entity1689 cases expressing @entity2215 message were also @entity2902 positive. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that detection of @entity2215 mRNA in pancreatic juice is a powerful tool to discriminate @entity788 from @entity1689 , particularly when the samples are qualified against @entity217 mRNA levels and contaminating @entity2902 -positive lymphocytes.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX by detection of @entity1 @entity2215 messenger RNA in pancreatic juice with sample qualification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['hTERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: DNA maturation in @entity5999 is the process by which the concatemeric precursor DNA is cleaved at sites called cos to generate mature lambda DNA molecules. These DNA molecules are then packaged into procapsids, the empty capsid precursors. The enzyme that catalyses these events is lambda DNA terminase. It is composed of two subunits, made of 181 and 641 @entity1522 , the products of genes @entity35520 , respectively. The product of the FI gene (gpFI) stimulates the formation of an intermediate in capsid assembly called complex II, which contains a procapsid, terminase and DNA. The mechanism of stimulation remains unknown. It has been suggested that gpFI may also stimulate terminase-mediated cos cleavage, in the absence of procapsids, by increasing enzyme turnover. Mutants in FI fail to mature and package DNA but, in comparison with other capsid gene mutants, FI mutants are leaky. Second site mutants of FI phages, called 'fin' (for FI independence), bypass the necessity for gpFI. These mutants were originally localized to the region of @entity35520 and are of two classes: finA includes those that induce the synthesis of fourfold more gene A product (gpA) than wild-type phages, and finB includes those that produce normal amounts of gpA. Whereas all finA mutants analysed map to @entity35520 , finB mutants have been found both in E and in @entity35520 . The existence of E mutants able to bypass the necessity for gpFI in vivo shows that gpE and gpFI interact, directly or indirectly. Here we have analysed and sequenced two finA mutants and one finB mutant. All of these map in @entity35520 . Of the two finA mutants, one corresponds to an @entity56544 change and the other is a silent mutation. It is likely that the finA mutations alter mRNA conformation in a manner that results in an increase in the efficiency of A mRNA translation. The fourfold increase in gpA synthesis translates into a 10-fold increase in terminase activity. These results show that terminase overproduction is sufficient to bypass the necessity for gpFI and that such an overproduction can be achieved by changes in the efficiency of translation of A due to subtle changes in the sequence upstream of the gene. The finBcs103 mutation is a @entity56545 change in @entity35520 . Therefore, an alternative way in which to bypass the requirement for gpFI involves an alteration in the structure of gpNu1. It is likely that the altered gpNu1 would increase cleavage and packaging efficiency directly or indirectly. We have determined that DNA cleavage in vivo does not occur in the absence of gpFI. Therefore it seems that gpFI somehow facilitates an otherwise latent capacity of terminase to autoactivate its nucleolytic activity.

title: Mutations in the terminase genes of XXXX that bypass the necessity for FI.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity5999 :: ('10710', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage lambda']

entities_list: @entity56544 :: ('p|SUB|A|163|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala163Ser']

entities_list: @entity56545 :: ('p|SUB|H|87|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['His-87-->Tyr']

answer: @entity5999 :: (10710,Species) :: ['bacteriophage lambda']


abstract: The changes in the @entity1447 enzyme system of @entity35 liver, lung and brain after inhalation of @entity11540 were studied. When @entity35 male @entity35 were exposed to 500 ppm @entity11540 three times a week for three months, they showed a suppressed gain of body weight. Therefore, the present study was done using pair-fed @entity35 . Haematological examination revealed normocytic and normochromic @entity417 . Liver and renal functions were normal. The @entity1447 enzyme system in the lung and brain were not affected. However, hepatic @entity1447 and protoheme decreased by 28% and 19%, respectively. Hepatic total microsomal protein, @entity9305 , @entity1110 -cytochrome c reductase and @entity2125 - @entity9588 reductase were not affected. The activity of hepatic @entity1446 oxygenase showed a 2-fold increase. These results suggest that the @entity1446 moiety of hepatic @entity1447 was primarily attacked by exposure of @entity11540 and the cellular @entity1446 balance in liver was altered.

title: [Effects of chronic exposure of XXXX , especially on @entity1446 metabolism].

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity9588 :: ('MESH:C007931', 'Chemical') :: ['ferricyanide']

answer: @entity11540 :: (MESH:D005027,Chemical) :: ['ethylene oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate a presumed correlation between clock drawing ratings and linear measurements of computerized tomography (CT) studies in demented @entity1 . DESIGN: Blinded evaluations of clock drawing tests and CT studies of elderly @entity303 @entity1 were conducted by a geriatric psychiatrist and a neuroradiologist. SUBJECTS: Fifty-one community-dwelling elderly subjects meeting the criteria for DSM-IV diagnosis of @entity303 ( @entity195 : N=31; @entity1294 : N=15; "mixed" type @entity303 : N=5). MATERIALS: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG), Clinical @entity303 Rating (CDR). CAMCOG derived scored clock drawings were evaluated using adaptations of Shulman et al.'s and Freedman et al.'s methods. CT studies were evaluated using six different linear measurements of @entity1010 described in the literature. RESULTS: Of the CT linear measurements, only the Cerebro-Ventricular Index-2 (CVI-2; bicaudate index) significantly correlated with clock drawing ratings (CAMCOG's clock r=-0.407, p=0.003; Shulman's method r=0.357, p=0.01, Freedman's method r=-0.413, p=0.003) in the @entity303 group. There was no significant correlation between CVI-2 with demographic (age), cognitive (MMSE, CAMCOG) and clinical (duration of illness, CDR) ratings. @entity195 @entity1 generally maintained a significant correlation between CVI-2 and clock drawings, but @entity1294 @entity1 did not; CVI-2 also correlated significantly with the Praxis subtest of the CAMCOG in @entity303 and @entity195 @entity1 but not in the @entity1294 group. Similarly, multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that only CVI-2 but not the other radiological measures studied, was selected as the significant variable to correlated with clock drawing test ratings in the @entity303 group and @entity195 @entity1 . Partial correlation analysis controlling for demographic and clinical variables shows that controlled variables had no significant effect on the relationship between clock drawing ratings and CVI-2. CONCLUSION: A single and easy to perform measure of caudate @entity194 correlates specifically and consistently with impairments revealed in the clock drawing test and with a Praxis subtest, suggesting possible caudate involvement with clock drawings in @entity303 in general and of the @entity195 in particular.

title: Clock drawing test: correlation with linear measurements of CT studies in demented XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's", "Alzheimer's type", "Alzheimer's type dementia"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Several publications have recently suggested a relationship between @entity835 use and certain types of @entity5 . We gathered information on the latest findings on the subject. A manual and computerized bibliographic search on @entity835 and @entity5 was conducted. In users under 40 years of age, @entity835 is suspected to increase the risk of @entity957 of the upper aerodigestive tract, particularly of the tongue and larynx, and possibly of lung. Other @entity5 being suspected are non-lymphoblastic acute @entity1778 and @entity816 . In @entity135 , carcinogenicity was observed for regular (i.e. more than once a day for years) @entity835 smokers. Moreover, @entity835 increases the risk of @entity135 in a dose-response manner for frequency and duration of use. Interaction was observed with cigarette smoking and @entity167 use. @entity839 seems to have a specific carcinogenic effect different from that of the pyrolysis products. Epidemiological studies are needed as soon as possible to provide data on the European and French situation. Information on the possible risks of a regular use of @entity835 should be a priority.

title: [Cannabis and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A 56-year-old male with a 11-month history of late-onset @entity302 was hospitalized because of @entity159 . The physical examination and laboratory data were normal. Neurological examination revealed @entity425 . Coronal computed tomography showed a mass of slightly high density in the bilateral parietal convexity, with homogeneous enhancement by contrast medium. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed an @entity5 in the parietal region along the superior sagittal sinus, which was normointense on T1- and T2-weighted images. Conventional and digital subtraction angiography showed an avascular mass between the superior sagittal sinus and the inner table of the skull at the parietal region. The mass was thought to be situated in the parietal epidural space. On surgery, however, the @entity5 was found to be located mainly in the dura and subdural space. The histological diagnosis was @entity706 of the B cell type. Ga-scintigraphy, physical examination, and bone marrow and peripheral blood examinations disclosed no @entity3002 . Therefore, the @entity5 was interpreted as a primary intracranial @entity706 . Reports of primary intracranial @entity706 have been increasing, but most have been located in the cerebrum. The dural-subdural location in this case is evidently rare.

title: [Primary XXXX in the dura and subdural space along the superior sagittal sinus. Case report].

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'en-plaque epidural tumor']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['systemic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of the right leg']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: @entity2235 (SV40) propagates poorly in cells from @entity1 embryonic kidney (HEK) and @entity1 fetal fibroblasts (HFF) while @entity8999 grows well in many @entity1 cell types. It has been suggested that sequences within the SV40 late region but not within the @entity8999 late region may act to inhibit growth of virus in HEK and HFF cells. In order to test this and to identify a late region host range function, we have replaced the late region of wtSV40 DNA with the late region of RFV (a variant of @entity8999 ) to produce an intermolecular hybrid or chimera. The constructed SV40/RFV chimeric genome contained approx. 5900 base pairs, more than 650 base pairs greater than wtSV40. Nevertheless, when introduced by transfection the chimera appeared to be infectious. Three chimeric genomes were recovered from infected cells and all contained deletions of nearly 600 base pairs, exclusively at the region of the 3' terminal junction. Since all three chimeras propagated in @entity1 HFF and HEK cells, the RFV late region and not the RFV regulatory region possesses a host range function required for growth in @entity1 cells. Analysis of T-antigen gene expression suggests that the replacement of the SV40 late region with the @entity8999 late region leads to full expression of the SV40 early region in @entity1 cells. Two chimeras exhibited a @entity8999 -like host range and the third exhibited both a @entity8999 and an SV40-like host range. We determined precisely which sequences were deleted in each chimera and we exchanged 3' terminal junction fragments containing these deletions, between two chimeras with different host ranges. From these experiments we demonstrated that: (1) The 3' terminus of the SV40 large T-antigen gene is required for growth of SV40/RFV in TC-7 and CV-1 simian cells but not for growth in @entity1 cells; (2) while the SV40 late region is refractory for growth in @entity1 cells, the RFV late region is not refractory for growth in simian cells; (3) the 3' terminus of the RFV T-antigen gene is not required for growth in @entity1 cells. The results of the 3' terminal junction exchanges and studies of early gene expression also demonstrate that @entity8999 and SV40 can penetrate @entity1 and simian cells, even when they failed to grow in one cell type.

title: Host range analysis of a chimeric XXXX genome containing the @entity8999 capsid genes.

answer: @entity2235 :: (10633,Species) :: ['simian virus 40']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To screen and identify peptides that binds specifically to @entity356 cells with high @entity3 to peritoneum so as to find appropriate vectors for targeting therapy for @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity356 cells of the line GC9811 and those with high @entity3 to peritoneum of the line GC9811-P were co-incubated with the 12-mer bacteriophage random peptide library. After 3 round of repeated screening, phage clones were collected. Forty internalized phage single-stranded DNA that specifically binding to the GC98112-P cells were sequenced. GC9811 and GC9811-P cells were co-inoculated with 5 peptides with the N end marked with @entity2822 ( @entity2823 ) and 1 un-related peptide not binding to GC9811 and GC9811-P cells. Fluorescence microscopy, ELISA, and flow cytometry were used to detect the binding activity. BALB/cnu/nu @entity19 were inoculated intraperitoneally with GC9811 and GC9811-P cells and then randomly divided into. 2 equal groups: experimental group, inoculated with the peptide PIII- @entity2823 and control group (inoculated with un-related peptide PC- @entity2823 . Forty-eight hours later the @entity19 were killed and the peritoneum and @entity5 masses in different organs were collected and under fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: DNA sequencing showed that 45% (18/45) of the isolated phages displayed repeated sequence SMSIASPYIALE, and SMSI was defined as a conservative motif. Obvious fluorescence was seen in the GC9811-P cells co-incubated with PIII- @entity2823 and weak fluorescence was seen in the GC9811 cells co-incubated with PIII- @entity2823 . Un-marked un-related peptide PC and PIII- @entity2823 did not influenced the fluorescence staining of the GC9811-P cells, however, no fluorescence could be seen in the GC9811-P cells co-incubated with un-marked PIII and PIII- @entity2823 . The fluorescence positive cell rate was 5.9% in the GC9811 cells co-incubated with PIII- @entity2823 , and was 90.2% in the GC9811-P cells co-incubated with PIII- @entity2823 . The fluorescence positive cell rates of the GC9811 cells and GC9811-P cells co-incubated with PC- @entity2823 were 10.1% and 9.9% respectively 10.1% and 9.9% respectively. The fluorescence strength of the GC9811-P cells co-incubated with PIII- @entity2823 was significantly greater than that of the GC9811-P cells co-incubated with PC-FTIC at any time-point and dose (all P < 0.01), and increased along with the increase of co-incubation time and dose of PIII- @entity2823 . The peritoneal @entity5 tissues caused by the GC9811-P cells of the @entity19 showed strong fluorescence and those caused by GC9811 cells only showed very weak fluorescence. Weak fluorescence could be seen in the @entity5 masses in the lymph nodes, liver, and muscle of the @entity19 inoculated with GC9811-P cells and was not seen in the tissues of the @entity19 inoculated with GC9811 cells. CONCLUSION: The sequence SMSIASPYIALE that specifically binds to @entity1 @entity356 cells with high @entity3 has been screened that has the potential to be used as a marker and targeting vector in diagnosis and treatment of @entity356 .

title: [Preliminary screening and identification of a peptide that binds specifically to @entity356 cells with high XXXX to peritoneum].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity631 is a common feature of many end-stage @entity8 . The contribution of cellular immune mechanisms has been implicated in the development of @entity631 . We investigated whether the inhibition of lymphocyte activation influences this process in an established @entity35 model of renal hyperfiltration. METHODS: After removal of two-thirds of their respective kidney mass, @entity35 were treated with either @entity1140 (0.08 mg/kg/day) or vehicle until the end of the study (n = 10/group). The @entity35 were pair-fed and @entity644 was assessed regularly. Twenty weeks after nephrectomy, @entity1011 clearance and systemic blood pressure were determined, and kidneys were harvested for morphological, immunohistological and PCR analysis. RESULTS: In control animals, @entity177 started to decline from week 12, as indicated by an elevated @entity644 . @entity5041 and @entity5041 receptor synthesis was upregulated in control animals and inhibited by @entity1140 treatment. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta(1)), platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) and @entity657 ( @entity657 ) mRNA levels were upregulated in control animals, but were significantly lower in immunosuppressed hosts. Additionally, @entity1140 treatment resulted in a significant reduction of @entity644 . Morphological analysis supported these functional results; @entity8 , tubular @entity194 and intimal proliferation were more pronounced in controls than in the @entity1140 group. These morphological parameters were accompanied by reduced infiltration of @entity18895 + ( @entity35 T-cell marker) T cells, ED1+ ( @entity35 macrophage marker) macrophages, and less intense staining for laminin and fibronectin. CONCLUSION: A continuous treatment with @entity1140 - an inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation - reduced the pace of @entity631 in the remnant kidney.

title: @entity5041 -dependent mechanisms are involved in the development of @entity631 after partial renal ablation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'macrophage chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal function']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerulosclerosis', 'glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Three strains of fluorescent pseudomonads (IS-1, IS-2, and IS-3) isolated from @entity415 underground stems with roots showed in vitro antibiosis against 30 strains of the ring rot bacterium @entity49354 . On the basis of morphological and biochemical tests and @entity844 analysis, IS-1 and IS-2 were identified as @entity11763 aureofaciens and IS-3 was identified as @entity11763 III. IS-1 was the most inhibitory to @entity49354 strains in vitro, followed by IS-3 and IS-2. Suppression of ring rot by these antagonists was demonstrated in greenhouse trials with stem-cultured @entity415 (cv. Russet Burbank) seedlings. Although each antagonist significantly reduced @entity49354 populations, only IS-1 reduced @entity281 by @entity49354 . In a second experiment, treatment with IS-1 (10(9) CFU/ml) significantly reduced ring rot @entity281 by 23.4 to 26.7% after 5 to 8 weeks. The average @entity49354 population was also significantly reduced by 50 to 52%. Application of different combinations of antagonist strains was not more effective than single-strain treatment.

title: Biological suppression of XXXX ring rot by fluorescent pseudomonads.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['P. fluorescens biovar', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity49354 :: ('31964', 'Species') :: ['C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus', 'Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suppression of adrenocortical function, a risk associated with oral @entity288 , is minimized with intranasal corticosteroids. @entity2995 ( @entity2796 ) aqueous nasal spray, at therapeutic doses, has no measurable effect on adrenocortical function in adults with @entity2023 . OBJECTIVE: This double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the effect of once-daily @entity2796 aqueous nasal spray (220 or 440 microg) with placebo on adrenocortical function after 6 weeks of treatment in pediatric ( @entity1 6 to 12 years of age) @entity1 with @entity2023 . The pharmacokinetic profile of @entity2796 was examined after once-daily intranasal administration of @entity2796 aqueous nasal spray 440 microg for 6 weeks. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 received @entity2796 aqueous nasal spray 220 microg or 440 microg or placebo for 6 weeks. Adrenocortical function was assessed by analyzing plasma @entity701 levels before stimulation (0 hour) and at 30 and 60 minutes after a rapid 1-hour intravenous cosyntropin stimulation test performed before treatment and after 6 weeks of treatment. Samples for pharmacokinetic evaluation were collected from 19 @entity1 at baseline (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 6 hours after the final dose of study medication. RESULTS: After 6 weeks, no significant effects on adrenocortical function were observed at 30 or 60 minutes after cosyntropin stimulation with either dose of @entity2796 aqueous nasal spray. @entity2796 concentrations in plasma showed rapid elimination of the drug, with little or no accumulation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2796 aqueous nasal spray (220 or 440 microg/day) has no measurable effect on adrenocortical function in pediatric @entity1 with @entity2023 . Pharmacokinetic parameters after 440 microg/day of @entity2796 aqueous nasal spray indicate a rapid decline of plasma drug levels, with little or no systemic accumulation of study drug.

title: The effects of @entity2995 aqueous nasal spray on adrenocortical function in XXXX with @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['Triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: This study examined the effect of male age, time lapse between death of individual and collection of its sperm, breeding season (1993, 1995, or 1996), and testicle sampled (left or right) on the cell quality of spermatozoa obtained postmortem from the epididymis of @entity2498 stags ( @entity2498 hispanicus). A total of 142 sperm samples obtained from 71 free-ranging individuals shot during the breeding season were used to investigate these effects. The spermatozoa were obtained from the cauda epididymis of stags. Immediately after collection, an assessment was made of the proportion of motile spermatozoa (PM), normal morphology ( @entity6841 ), intact acrosomes (PIA), and the osmotic resistance degree of the plasmatic spermatozoa membrane as determined by the cell endosmosis test (E+). Gamete quality was influenced by both the age of the individuals and the lapse between death and collection of sperm (p < 0.001), whereas the year of collection and testicle sampled did not affect sperm quality. Sperm samples were classified in three groups: excellent, acceptable, or unacceptable, depending on the values achieved in the PM, @entity6841 , E+, and PIA variables. Acceptable samples had to achieve the following score: PM > 40%, @entity6841 > 40%, E+ > 40%, and PIA > 60%. Within this group, samples with a PM > 60% were classified as excellent. The percentage of samples classified as viable (strictly acceptable plus excellent) achieved 59.8% (85 out of 142). These results indicate that it is possible to obtain a remarkable percentage of viable sperm after the death of the deer. This finding might also be useful to obtain embryos of threatened species of wild ungulates.

title: Postmortem assessment of sperm characteristics of the XXXX during the breeding season.

entities_list: @entity2498 :: ('9860', 'Species') :: ['Cervus elaphus', 'red deer']

answer: @entity2498 :: (9860,Species) :: ['red deer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection after arthroscopy is a rare, but feared complication. @entity146 with atypical microbiological agents severely complicates the clinical evaluation. CASE PRESENTATION: A @entity1 in his thirties, previously healthy @entity1 had undergone elective knee arthroscopy with synovectomy. Eight days after surgery he was admitted to hospital with @entity4 and @entity158 in the operated knee. Re-arthroscopy revealed @entity548 in the affected joint, but no obvious signs of @entity281 . The @entity1 developed severe @entity158 , @entity221 and @entity281 parameters. @entity23232 was detected in the joint fluid taken during re-arthroscopy. He was treated with a combination of antibiotics, including @entity5152 , @entity801 and @entity5136 , and made a full recovery after treatment. INTERPRETATION: @entity23232 is a highly virulent, coagulase-negative @entity23232 , capable of causing significant @entity281 . It should never be dismissed as a contaminant without careful review.

title: [A @entity1 with XXXX following a knee operation].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive infection']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity5152 :: ('MESH:D003023', 'Chemical') :: ['cloxacillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'elevated infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity23232 :: ('28035', 'Species') :: ['staphylococcus', 'Staphylococcus lugdunensis', 'S lugdunensis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of the nervus intermedius, the nonmotor component of the facial nerve, following modern Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for the treatment of @entity5513 . METHODS: Sixty-five consecutive @entity1 at our center underwent GKS as a primary treatment option for @entity5513 between 2005 and 2010. The authors interviewed @entity1 with a functional questionnaire to evaluate the function of the nervus intermedius before and after radiosurgery from their subjective point of view. Data from 50 @entity1 treated using GKS for a unilateral @entity5513 were obtained. RESULTS: Nine (18%) of 50 @entity1 presented with at least one preradiosurgical disturbance of the nervus intermedius caused by the @entity5513 itself, with dysfunctions of lacrimation, salivation, nasal secretion, and taste. Of the 41 @entity1 without preradiosurgical disturbances, 9 (22%) experienced the onset of at least one new disturbance after GKS. Specifically for each dysfunction, of the 45 @entity1 without a lacrimal disturbance before GKS, 5 (11.1%) had a new lacrimal disturbance after GKS. New onset of a salivary disturbance after GKS was reported in 3 (6.2%) of 48 @entity1 . In 1 @entity1 (2%), increased nasal secretion was noted 1 year after GKS. Five (10.6%) of 47 @entity1 without a preradiosurgical taste disturbance experienced the symptom after GKS. No @entity3541 developed in any @entity1 before or after GKS. There was no significant correlation between postradiosurgical nervus intermedius dysfunction and @entity5 size, margin dose, or @entity1 age. CONCLUSIONS: The authors demonstrated that 22% of @entity1 undergoing modern GKS for @entity5513 experience various disturbances of nonmotor components of the facial nerve as a result of the radiosurgery. Through this study, we can provide useful information about the likelihood of certain postradiosurgical symptoms for @entity5513 .

title: Nervus intermedius dysfunction following Gamma Knife surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: Traditionally, @entity1503 are classified as deficiency mediated, immune mediated, BM failure induced, renal, or idiopathic, with the latter including the so-called @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ). Clinical findings, symptoms, blood counts, BM findings, and other laboratory parameters are usually sufficient to reveal the type and cause of a marked @entity1503 . However, in @entity1 with chronic mild @entity1503 , it may be a challenge for the physician to establish a correct diagnosis. In such @entity1 , laboratory features and findings often reflect a diagnostic interface, so that criteria that are otherwise robust may hardly be applicable or are not helpful. Even if the BM is examined, the diagnosis often remains uncertain in these @entity1 . In addition, more than one potential cause of @entity1503 may be present, especially in the elderly. A @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) or another @entity74 , but also an overt autoimmune or other @entity32 , may develop during follow-up in these @entity1 . A key problem is that in an early phase of @entity2590 , most laboratory and clinical signs are "nonspecific." One of the very few reliable peripheral blood parameters distinguishing between an early or "pre-phase" of @entity2590 and most other causes of a mild @entity1503 are the numbers of circulating colony-forming progenitor cells. In addition, flow cytometric and molecular investigations may sometimes assist in the delineation between clonal and reactive conditions underlying mild @entity1503 . This review provides an overview of diagnostic approaches and algorithms for @entity1 with mild @entity1503 (s).

title: Low blood counts: immune mediated, idiopathic, or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia', 'ICUS', 'cytopenias', 'unexplained cytopenia', 'idiopathic cytopenias of undetermined significance']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['BM disorder']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a dorsoproximal extra-articular approach for insertion of 8.25-mm, solid- @entity702 , intramedullary (IM) interlocking nails into ostectomized foal third metacarpal ( @entity13684 ) and third metatarsal ( @entity25904 ) bones; to compare the monotonic mechanical properties of IM nail constructs with paired intact bones; and to determine the effects of age, body weight, fore- or hindlimb, and left or right limb on the mechanical testing variables. ANIMAL OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Twenty bone pairs (10 @entity13684 , 10 @entity25904 ) collected from 10 foals of various weights and ages. METHODS: One bone from each pair was randomly selected to be ostectomized and stabilized using an 8.25-mm, solid- @entity702 IM nail, and four 3.7-mm @entity702 interlocking screws (construct). Constructs and contralateral intact bone specimens were tested in axial compression and palmaro-/plantarodorsal (PD) 4-point bending. Monotonic mechanical properties were compared between intact specimens and constructs with an ANOVA; significance was set at P <.05. RESULTS: Nail insertion caused bone failure in 6 @entity13684 and 2 @entity25904 . In general, mean mechanical testing values indicated that intact specimens were significantly stronger and stiffer than constructs for all age and weight ranges when tested in compression and PD 4-point bending (P <.05). Bone strength and stiffness of intact specimens tested in compression and bending tended to increase linearly with age and weight. CONCLUSION: IM interlocking nail fixation of gap-ostectomized @entity13684 and @entity25904 with 8.25-mm IM nails and 3.7-mm interlocking screws did not achieve sufficient strength or stiffness to be recommended as the sole means of repair for comminuted @entity13684 and @entity25904 @entity174 in young foals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: IM interlocking nail fixation of foal cannon @entity174 may be useful to decrease soft-tissue disruption at the @entity174 site; however, there is a risk of bone failure associated with extra-articular insertion. This method should be combined with other forms of external coaptation for added stability in axial compression and PD bending.

title: An in vitro biomechanical investigation of an intramedullary nailing technique for repair of third metacarpal and metatarsal XXXX in neonates and foals.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'bone fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: In the search for a @entity232 vaccine, extensive studies of @entity4536 have been carried out. Investigations in this regard with the visceral form are limited. As an initial step in the identification of the protective molecules, leishmanial antigens extracted from the membranes of @entity3911 promastigotes, alone or in association with liposomes, were evaluated for their immunogenicity and ability to elicit a protective immune response against @entity281 . Intraperitoneal immunization of hamsters and BALB/c @entity19 with the leishmanial antigens conferred protection against infection with the virulent promastigotes. Encapsulation in positively charged liposomes significantly enhanced the protective efficacy of these antigens. The splenic parasite burden of hamsters was reduced by 97% after 6 months of infection. BALB/c @entity19 exhibited 87 and 81.3% protection in the liver and spleen, respectively, after 4 months of infection. These protected animals elicited profound @entity56 and increased levels of @entity3911 -specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Protection in @entity19 also coincided with elevated levels of IgM and IgA antibodies, which decreased with disease progression in the control-infected animals. Although both IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies were present in the sera of infected mice, IgG1 appeared to be the predominant isotype, suggesting a preferential induction of the Th2 type of immune response over that of Th1. Effective stimulation of all the IgG isotypes, particularly IgG2a, after immunization with liposome encapsulated antigens seems to be responsible for the significant levels of resistance against the disease. Taken together, these data indicate a potential for the liposomal antigens as a vaccine which could trigger both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.

title: Adjuvanticity and protective immunity elicited by XXXX donovani antigens encapsulated in positively charged liposomes.

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['challenge infection']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity3911 :: ('5661', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania donovani', 'Leishmania']

answer: @entity3911 :: (5661,Species) :: ['Leishmania']


abstract: Fifty cases of primary @entity6595 treated at Tenri Hospital between 1975 and 1992 were reviewed retrospectively. Histopathologically they were classified according to the Working Formulation into three groups: low grade 3 cases, intermediate grade 42 of which 34 were diffuse large cell and high grade 5. Their clinical stages according to the Ann Arbor staging system were as follows; Stage I 15 cases, Stage II 17, Stage III 5 and Stage IV 13. Twelve variables were tested by univariate analysis for prognosis. Significant prognostic factors were clinical stage, @entity5 depth to the gastric wall, regional lymph node involvement, macroscopic finding of @entity5 shape and surgical resectability. Important variables were tested by using a multiple regression, the 5 most significant variable being curative surgical resection. The year survival after curative resection was 93.8% and 25.2% for other @entity1 (p < 0.001). In the @entity1 with @entity34 , the greater the 'N-number' of regional lymph node involvement according to the General Rules for the @entity356 Study was, the lower the survival rate was due to the difficulty for curative resection (p < 0.05). The same curative resection is necessary for @entity6595 as for @entity356 . In the @entity1 with @entity5 , higher survival rate was achieved in the gastrectomy group than the others. In conclusion, an aggressive surgical intervention is warranted in the treatment of @entity6595 of any stage.

title: [Prognostic factors and the significance of gastrectomy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage III or IV disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II-disease']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: We used complete transverse sections through 65 samples of @entity1 lumbar intervertebral discs for immunolocalization of the major interstitial collagen types I, II, III, V, VI and IX. The samples were selected from 47 @entity1 ranging in age from 0 (fetuses) to 86 years. The results were compared with the histological findings in disc @entity528 and/or reparative alterations as indicated by tear and cleft formation, chondrocyte proliferation, @entity528 , granular matrix changes and fibrocartilage fibrillation. We observed a typical pattern for each antibody and each anatomical structure, with, however, remarkable inter- and intraindividual variability, which could be monitored only by use of the complete transverse sections. Accordingly, collagen I was seen in the normal annulus fibrosus and in the degeneratively altered nucleus pulposus, but not within the end-plate, regardless of degenerative changes. Collagens II and IX were found in the normal nucleus pulposus, the inner annulus fibrosus and the end-plate. The collagen II (and IX) staining seemed to be enhanced in areas of @entity179 , but reduced in advanced lesions and in the degenerated end-plate. Collagens III and VI were significantly increased in areas of minor to @entity528 in all anatomical settings, while collagen V showed only minor changes in its staining pattern. In general, histological signs of @entity528 coincided with significant quantitative, but also with certain qualitative, changes in the composition of the collagenous disc matrix. These observations indicate the association of degenerative and/or reparative alterations of the intervertebral disc and changes in the collagenous matrix, but document the variability in the extent of the abnormalities observed.

title: Immunolocalization of major interstitial collagen types in XXXX lumbar intervertebral discs of various ages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['minor degenerative lesions']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['advanced degeneration', 'mucous degeneration', 'tissue degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 59 (80%) of 74 @entity1 with @entity5 treated at the University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Ljubljana in the period 1973-85 underwent radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy, and 15 (20%) @entity1 single vulvectomy because of advanced age and poor general condition. Histologically there were 69 cases of @entity957 , 1 @entity420 , 3 malignant @entity320 and 1 @entity980 . 52% of the @entity1 were classified as Stage I, 41% Stage II and 7% Stage III. Positive inguinofemoral nodes were observed in 24% (6.5% in Stage I, 35% in Stage II and 80% in Stage III). The total 5 year survival rate was 70% (83% in Stage I, 61% in Stage II and 20% in Stage III). The 5 year survival rate in the @entity1 with negative nodes was 80%, and in cases with positive nodes only 50% in spite of postoperative irradiation. None of the 3 @entity1 with @entity320 survived 2 years nor did the @entity1 with @entity980 . There was no case of primary mortality. Nowadays the cure rate for @entity5 is higher especially owing to the improvement of operability. The problem of lymphatic and distant metastases still remains unresolved.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vulvar cancer']


abstract: Recent data show that extracellular signals are transmitted through a network of proteins rather than hierarchical signaling pathways, suggesting that the inhibition of a single component of a canonical pathway is insufficient for the treatment of @entity5 . The biologic outcome of signaling through a network is inherently more robust and resistant to inhibition of a single network component. In this study, we conducted a functional chemical genetic screen to identify novel interactions between signaling inhibitors that would not be predicted on the basis of our current understanding of signaling networks. We screened over 300 drug combinations in nine @entity320 cell lines and have identified pairs of compounds that show synergistic @entity137 . The synergistic cytotoxicities identified did not correlate with the known RAS and @entity817 mutational status of the @entity320 cell lines. Among the most robust results was synergy between @entity2857 , a multikinase inhibitor with activity against @entity8496 , and @entity3522 , a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Drug substitution experiments using the NSAIDs @entity12698 and @entity5018 or the MAP-ERK kinase inhibitor @entity8839 and the @entity8496 inhibitor @entity55564 suggest that inhibition of COX and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling are targets for the synergistic @entity137 of @entity2857 and @entity3522 . Cotreatment with @entity2857 and @entity3522 interrupts a positive feedback signaling loop involving extracellular signal-regulated kinase, cellular @entity3900 , and COX. Genome-wide expression profiling shows synergy-specific downregulation of survival-related genes. This study has uncovered novel functional drug combinations and suggests that the underlying signaling networks that control responses to targeted agents can vary substantially, depending on unexplored components of the cell genotype.

title: Synthetic lethal screening with small-molecule inhibitors provides a pathway to rational combination therapies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) is an @entity28 -related phenotype thought to be associated with @entity2690 resistance, @entity6 , and @entity731 . Significant genetic influences on both @entity1661 and @entity2690 levels have been reported. However, information is lacking as to whether common genetic influences on @entity1661 and @entity2690 levels exist. @entity1661 was assessed by computed tomography scan, and fasting @entity2690 was measured by RIA in 512 members of 98 sedentary Caucasian families participating in the HERITAGE Family Study. Baseline data, collected before exercise training, were used in the present investigation. A bivariate familial correlation model was applied to evaluate whether there are familial influences that are common to @entity2690 and @entity1661 before and after adjustment for total fat mass (FM), and to assess the overall heritability of @entity2690 and @entity1661 . The maximal heritability for @entity1661 , before and after adjustment for total FM, was 42% and 50%, respectively; and for @entity2690 , it was 21%. Interestingly, 29% of the familial influences on @entity2690 were also common to @entity1661 , whereas 14% of the familial influences on @entity1661 were shared by @entity2690 . Furthermore, after @entity1661 was adjusted for total FM, these common familial influences were increased to 48% and 20%. Genes and/or familial nongenetic factors with pleiotropic effects seem to influence both @entity1661 and plasma @entity2690 levels to a certain degree. Genes involved in the regulation of lipid storage and mobilization in the abdominal fat depot are potential candidates for these genetic pleiotropic effects.

title: Familial clustering of XXXX and abdominal visceral fat: the HERITAGE Family Study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal visceral fat', 'AVF']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']