abstract: A retrospective study of acquired @entity2150 in 100 Thai @entity1 treated with @entity251 and @entity617 during 1969 to 1987 is reported. The age ranged from 3-14.5 years (mean 10.3 years). The male to female ratio was 2.3:1. The duration of follow up ranged from 1-17 year (mean 5 years). Prior exposure to possible etiologic agents was found in 36% : antipyretics, Ya-chood, insecticides, @entity7935 , @entity2755 and paint. The presenting symptoms were @entity548 and @entity417 72%, fever with either @entity548 or @entity417 28%. The common sites of @entity548 were @entity4125 , @entity1415 , gum and teeth, and the gastrointestinal tract. All @entity1 received appropriate supportive treatment and @entity251 combined with @entity617 . The results of treatment were evaluated in 80 cases who were followed up until death or at least one year after the diagnosis. Two-thirds of the @entity1 presented with laboratory findings similar to severe @entity2150 ; the fatality rate was 50% (40/80). Most of them succumbed to @entity548 in the first 6 months after diagnosis. The recovery rate was 50% with complete, partial and initial responses in 28%, 17% and 5% respectively. The late malignancy rate was 2%. For severe @entity2150 or for @entity1 who have poor prognostic factors, early approaches of bone marrow transplantation or antilymphocyte globulin administration should be considered.

title: Acquired @entity2150 in XXXX : a review of 100 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['infection or bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity191 have great difficulty in performing bimanual movements; this problem is more obvious when they perform bimanual anti-phase movements. The underlying mechanism of this problem remains unclear. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the bimanual coordination associated changes of brain activity and inter-regional interactions in @entity191 . Subjects were asked to perform right-handed, bimanual in-phase and bimanual anti-phase movements. After practice, normal subjects performed all tasks correctly. @entity1 with @entity191 performed in-phase movements correctly. However, some @entity1 still made infrequent errors during anti-phase movements; they tended to revert to in-phase movement. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed that the supplementary motor area was more activated during anti-phase movement than in-phase movement in controls, but not in @entity1 . In performing anti-phase movements, @entity1 with @entity191 showed less activity in the basal ganglia and supplementary motor area, and had more activation in the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, precuneus and cerebellum compared with normal subjects. The basal ganglia and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were less connected with the supplementary motor area, whereas the primary motor cortex, parietal cortex, precuneus and cerebellum were more strongly connected with the supplementary motor area in @entity1 with @entity191 than in controls. Our findings suggest that dysfunction of the supplementary motor area and basal ganglia, abnormal interactions of brain networks and disrupted attentional networks are probably important reasons contributing to the difficulty of the @entity1 in performing bimanual anti-phase movements. The @entity1 require more brain activity and stronger connectivity in some brain regions to compensate for dysfunction of the supplementary motor area and basal ganglia in order to perform bimanual movements correctly.

title: Neural correlates of bimanual anti-phase and in-phase movements in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the difference in treatment plan quality, monitor units (MUs) per fraction and dosimetric parameters between IMRT (intensity-modulated radiotherapy) and RapidArc with single arc ( @entity35125 ) and dual arc ( @entity35126 ) for @entity11 involving the parietal lobe. Treatment plans for IMRT and @entity35125 and @entity35126 were prepared for 10 @entity1 with @entity11 involving the parietal lobe. The Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test was used to compare the plan quality, monitor units and dosimetric parameters between IMRT and @entity35125 and @entity35126 through dose-volume histograms. Dnear-max (D2%) to the left lens, right lens and left optical nerve in @entity35125 were less compared with those in IMRT; D2% to the right lens and right optic nerve in @entity35126 were less compared with those in IMRT. D2% to the optic chiasma in @entity35126 was small compared with that in @entity35125 . The median dose (D50%) to the right lens and right optic nerve in @entity35125 and @entity35126 was less compared with the identical parameters in IMRT, and D50% to the brain stem in @entity35126 was less compared with that in @entity35125 . The volume receiving at least 45 Gy (V45) or V50 in normal brain tissue (whole brain minus the planning target volume 2; B-P) in @entity35125 was less compared with that in IMRT. V30, V35, V40, V45, or V50 in B-P in @entity35126 was less compared with that in IMRT. The MUs per fraction in @entity35125 and @entity35126 were significantly less compared with those in IMRT. All differences with a P-value<0.05 were considered to be significantly different. In conclusion, @entity35125 and @entity35126 markedly reduced the MUs per fraction, and spared partial organs at risk and B-P compared with IMRT.

title: Dosimetric comparison between intensity-modulated radiotherapy and RapidArc with single arc and dual arc for XXXX involving the parietal lobe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The diagnosis and treatment of @entity1085 ( @entity1085 ) remains controversial. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is increasingly accepted as the treatment of choice for this condition. The purpose of this study was to analyse the outcomes from LC for @entity1085 and to identify potential prognostic factors. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 54 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity1085 . All @entity1 underwent LC. The outcomes were evaluated at 12 months. Outcomes from surgery were graded on a predetermined scoring system (score 1-6) reflecting the effect of surgery on symptomatology. Histopathological analysis was systematically performed on the resection specimens. RESULTS: Post-operatively, 90.8% of @entity1 (49/54) were satisfied with the operation (outcome score 1-2). A pathological abnormality was detected in 40 @entity1 (74.1%). Of those in whom no abnormality detected on histopathological examination, LC achieved a successful outcome (score 1-2) in 85.7% of @entity1 (12/14). The worst outcomes (score 5-6) were observed in 2 @entity1 with a pathological @entity1085 . For the 5 @entity1 with outcome scores of 3 to 6 (poor outcome), the mean duration of symptoms was 7.1 months compared to 18.2 months for @entity1 with score of 1 and 2 (good outcome). CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant correlation between outcomes from LC for @entity1085 and the existence of a definable underlying pathology (p>0.05). @entity1 with long-standing symptoms were more likely to benefit from LC (p=0.039). LC is an appropriate treatment option for @entity1085 .

title: Chronic XXXX : outcomes of treatment by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['abnormality of the gallbladder', 'chronic acalculous gallbladder disease', 'CAGD']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['acalculous gallbladder disease']


abstract: AIMS: The prognostic implication of adiposity on clinical outcomes in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 treated with oral anticoagulation is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 17 913 @entity1 in the Apixaban for Reduction in @entity64 and Other @entity1031 in @entity955 trial had body mass index (BMI) measured at baseline. For the primary analysis, BMI was categorized as normal (18.5 to <25 kg/m(2)), overweight (25 to <30 kg/m(2)), and @entity28 (>= 30 kg/m(2)). Waist circumference (WC) was defined as high if >102 cm for @entity1 and >88 cm in @entity1 . Outcomes were @entity64 or systemic @entity887 , a composite endpoint ( @entity64 , systemic @entity887 , @entity583 , or all-cause mortality), all-cause mortality, and @entity548 . Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across categories of BMI and WC adjusting for established risk factors and treatment allocation. At baseline, 4052 (22.6%) @entity1 had a normal BMI, 6702 (37.4%) were overweight, and 7159 (40.0%) were @entity28 . In multivariable analyses, higher BMI was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality [overweight: HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.59-0.78); @entity28 : HR 0.63 (95% CI 0.54-0.74), P < 0.0001] and the composite endpoint [overweight: HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.65-0.84); @entity28 : HR 0.68 (95% CI 0.60-0.78), P < 0.0001] compared with normal BMI. In @entity1 , high WC was associated with a 31% lower risk of all-cause mortality (P = 0.001), 27% lower risk of the composite endpoint (P = 0.001), and 28% lower risk of @entity64 or systemic @entity887 (P = 0.048) but not in @entity1 . There was no significant association between adiposity and @entity548 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity955 treated with oral anticoagulants, higher BMI and WC are associated with a more favourable prognosis.

title: The ' @entity28 paradox' in @entity955 : observations from the ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for Reduction in XXXX and Other @entity1031 in @entity955 ) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic Events']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite efforts to prevent the appearance and spread of @entity33842 ( @entity33842 ) in the European Union, several Member States are now affected (Lithuania, Poland, Latvia and Estonia). Disease appearance in 2014 was associated with multiple entrances linked to @entity1707 movement from endemic areas (EFSA Journal, 8, 2015, 1556), but the risk of new introductions remains high (Gallardo et  al., Porcine Health Management, 1, and 21) as @entity33842 continues to be active in endemic countries (Russian Federation, Belarus and Ukraine). Since 2014, the number of @entity33842 notifications has increased substantially, particularly in @entity1707 (WB), in parallel with slow but constant geographical advance of the disease. This situation suggests a real risk of further disease spread into other Member States, posing a great threat to @entity1707 production in the EU. Following the principles of the risk-based veterinary surveillance, this article applies a methodology developed by De la Torre et  al. (Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 62, and 272) to assess the relative risk of new introductions of @entity33842 by natural movements of WB according to the current epidemiological situation. This update incorporates the most recent available data and an improved version of the most important risk estimator: an optimized cartographic tool of WB distribution to analyse @entity1707 suitable habitat. The highest relative risk values were estimated for Slovakia (5) and Romania (5), followed by Finland (4), Czech Republic (3) and Germany (3). Relative risk for Romania and Finland is associated mainly with disease entrance from endemic areas such as the Russian Federation and Ukraine, where the disease is currently spreading; relative risk for Germany and Czech Republic is associated mainly with the potential progress of the disease through the EU, and relative risk for Slovakia is associated with both pathways. WB habitat is the most important risk estimator, whereas WB density is the least significant, suggesting that WB presence is more relevant than density. These results can provide actionable advice for dealing with risk. They can be directly used to inform risk-based national strategies and identify countries that may need to pay greater attention to surveillance or conduct additional evaluations at the subnational level.

title: Update on the Risk of Introduction of African Swine Fever by XXXX into Disease-Free European Union Countries.

entities_list: @entity33842 :: ('MESH:D000357', 'Disease') :: ['ASF', 'African swine fever']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Wild Boar']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of @entity2383 in muscle histology, defects in respiratory chain enzyme activities, and mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in @entity1 with unexplained @entity1155 in the population of Northern Finland. BACKGROUND: The frequency of @entity2383 among @entity1 with childhood @entity75 and @entity121 is not known. Frequencies are difficult to estimate because the clinical presentation of these disorders is variable. METHODS: A total of 116 consecutive @entity1 with undefined @entity75 and @entity121 were enrolled during a 7-year period in a hospital serving as the only neurologic unit for a pediatric population of 97 609 and as the only tertiary level neurologic unit for a pediatric population of 48 873. Biochemical and morphologic investigations were performed on muscle biopsy material, including oximetric and spectrophotometric analyses of oxidative phosphorylation, histochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular analysis of mtDNA. RESULTS: Ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria were the most common finding in the muscle biopsies (71%). Ragged-red fibers were found in 4 cases. An oxidative phosphorylation defect was found in 26 @entity1 (28%), complex I (n = 15) and complex IV (n = 13) defects being the most common. Fifteen percent of @entity1 (n = 17/116) with unexplained @entity17903 or @entity121 had a probable @entity2383 . Common pathogenic mutations were found in the mtDNA of only 1 @entity1 (.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The common known mutations in mtDNA are rarely causes of childhood @entity17903 , which is in contrast to the considerable frequency of the common @entity20066 mutation observed among adults in the same geographical area. Biochemically and morphologically verified @entity2383 were nevertheless common among the @entity1 , making the analysis of a muscle biopsy very important for clinical diagnostic purposes.

title: Childhood XXXX and @entity121 : a prospective study in a defined population to assess the frequency of @entity2383 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity17903 :: ('MESH:D017237', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyopathy', 'encephalomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathies', 'myopathy']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease', 'mitochondrial abnormalities', 'mitochondrial disorders', 'mitochondrial diseases']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although recurrent @entity363 is defined as 4 or more discrete attacks of @entity363 per year, there is no diagnostic nomenclature or definition for the many @entity1 who are chronically symptomatic. This study aims to establish and propose a definition and a set of diagnostic criteria, which would enable clinicians to promptly identify and treat @entity1 with chronic @entity363 (CVVC). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Public and private vulvar dermatology outpatient clinics in Sydney, Australia. @entity1 : Data were obtained prospectively from 50 @entity1 with presumptive CVVC and 42 controls. Historical and clinical features of CVVC identified by expert consensus were compared between the 2 groups. Diagnostic criteria were then prospectively applied to a further 163 @entity1 to verify their accuracy. OUTCOME MEASURES: Signs and symptoms diagnostic of CVVC. RESULTS: The following characteristics were found to be significantly more common in @entity1 with CVVC compared to controls (p  <= .001): a history of positive @entity6923 swab, discharge, @entity546 , soreness, swelling, cyclicity, and exacerbation of symptoms with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that CVVC can be confidently diagnosed using the major criteria of a chronic nonspecific and nonerosive @entity15231 that includes at least 5 or more properties from the following criteria: soreness, @entity546 , positive vaginal swab either at presentation or in the past, previous response to antifungal medication, exacerbation with antibiotics, cyclicity, swelling, and discharge. This condition responds reliably to oral antifungal medication.

title: XXXX as a chronic disease: diagnostic criteria and definition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity363 :: ('MESH:D002181', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal Candida']

entities_list: @entity15231 :: ('MESH:D014848', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginitis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity363 :: (MESH:D002181,Disease) :: ['Vulvovaginal candidiasis']


abstract: The response to @entity134 therapy is used to characterize the @entity3441 ( @entity3441 ) of childhood as either @entity134 -sensitive (SSNS) or @entity134 -resistant (SRNS), a classification with a better prognostic capability than renal biopsy. The majority (approximately 80%) of @entity3441 is due to minimal change disease but the percentage of focal and segmental @entity631 is increasing. We applied a new technological platform to examine the urine proteome to determine if different urinary protein excretion profiles could differentiate @entity1 with SSNS from those with SRNS. Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity3441 and 17 control @entity1 were studied. Mid-stream urines were analyzed using surface enhanced laser desorption and ionization mass spectrometry(SELDI- @entity15 ). Data were analyzed using multiple bioinformatic techniques. @entity1 classification was performed using Biomarker Pattern Software and a generalized form of Adaboost and predictive models were generated using a supervised algorithm with cross-validation. Urinary proteomic data distinguished @entity3441 @entity1 from control @entity1 , irrespective of @entity134 response, with a sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity of 93.7%, positive predictive value of 96% and a negative predictive value of 88.2%. Classification of @entity1 as SSNS or SRNS was 100%. A protein of mass 4,144 daltons was identified as the single most important classifier in distinguishing SSNS from SRNS. SELDI- @entity15 combined with bioinformatics can identify different proteomic patterns in @entity3441 . Characterization of the proteins of interest identified by this proteomic approach with prospective clinical validation may yield a valuable clinical tool for the non-invasive prediction of treatment response and prognosis.

title: Urinary proteome of @entity134 -sensitive and XXXX -resistant @entity3441 of childhood.

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['INS', 'idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: We engineered single and multiple mutations of serines 203, 204, and 207 in the fifth transmembrane domain of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor, a region known to interact with @entity3787 groups of the @entity6153 ring. Using such mutants, we measured the binding affinities of a panel of six @entity2922 agonists differing only in the presence of substituents in the @entity8398 tail of the molecule. Although all ligands shared an intact @entity6153 ring, they exhibited different losses of binding energy in response to the mutations. For all mutations, we found a clear relationship between the loss of binding caused by receptor mutation and that caused by the ligand modification. This indicates that the @entity6153 ring and the @entity8398 tail synergistically influence their respective interactions when binding to the receptor. To verify this idea by a formal thermodynamic test, we used a double-mutant cycle analysis. We compared the effects of each receptor mutation with those induced by the modifications of the ligand's tail. Because such changes disrupt interactions occurring at different receptor domains, they should produce cumulative losses. In contrast, we found positive cooperativity between such effects. This means that the binding of each side of the @entity2922 can enhance the binding of the other, through an effect that is probably propagated via a conformational change. We suggest that the agonist-binding pocket is not rigid but is dynamically formed as the ligand builds an increasing number of contacts with the receptor.

title: "Induced-fit" mechanism for XXXX binding to the beta2-adrenergic receptor.

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity8398 :: ('MESH:D019856', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination and MRI in evaluation of meniscal and @entity130 using arthroscopic findings as reference standard. MATERIAL/METHODS: A total of 51 @entity1 with @entity130 were identified and prospectively followed up with clinical examination, MRI and arthroscopy. Clinical examination and MRI findings were compared with arthroscopic findings. Sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV and diagnostic accuracy were calculated with statistical analysis. RESULTS: Out of 24 @entity1 with arthroscopic evidence of medial meniscal injury, clinical examination and MRI correctly identified 20 and 18 @entity1 , respectively. Clinical examination was characterized by better sensitivity and specificity with regard to diagnosis of medial meniscal tear. On arthroscopy, lateral meniscal tear was present in 13 @entity1 ; clinical examination and MRI both identified 8 of them correctly. Similarly, out of 9 @entity1 with arthroscopic evidence of ACL tear, clinical examination and MRI correctly identified 7 and 8 @entity1 , respectively. There were only marginal differences in sensitivity and specificity of clinical examination and MRI in diagnosis of lateral meniscal and @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: Careful clinical examination is much better than MRI with regard to the diagnosis of medial meniscus injury and is as reliable as MRI with regard to diagnosis of @entity130 and ACL tears. MRI should be used to rule out such injuries rather than to diagnose them.

title: Clinical examination vs. MRI: evaluation of diagnostic accuracy in detecting ACL and XXXX in comparison to arthroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic knee injuries', 'ACL injury', 'ACL injuries', 'lateral meniscus injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['meniscal injuries']


abstract: The incidence of gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens is increasing in hospitals and particularly in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) setting. The clinical consequences of @entity281 caused by MDR pathogens remain controversial. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data concerning the impact of these @entity281 on mortality in @entity1213 @entity1 . Twenty-four studies, conducted exclusively in @entity1213 @entity1 , were identified through PubMed search over the years 2000-2015. @entity281 was the only infection examined in eight studies, @entity1729 in four and variable @entity281 in others. Comparative data on the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic treatment were provided by only seven studies. In ten studies the presence of antimicrobial resistance was not associated with increased mortality; on the contrary, in other studies a significant impact of antibiotic resistance on mortality was found, though, sometimes, mediated by inappropriate antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, a direct association between @entity281 due to gram-negative MDR bacteria and mortality in @entity1213 @entity1 cannot be confirmed. Sample size, presence of multiple confounders and other methodological issues may influence the results. These data support the need for further studies to elucidate the real impact of @entity281 caused by resistant bacteria in @entity1213 @entity1 .

title: Association between XXXX caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and mortality in critically ill @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'Bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the histopathological features of corneal graft failures over time. METHODS: A single-center retrospective analysis was performed on corneal specimens diagnosed as @entity177 retrieved from The Henry C. Witelson Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory and Registry (Montreal, Canada) over a 9-year period. The corneal buttons were divided into 3 different groups according to the time between the diagnosis of @entity177 and regraft. Corneal specimens obtained during keratoplasty were subjected to @entity1710 and @entity1711 and periodic acid-Schiff. Five different histopathological findings were evaluated in each specimen. RESULTS: Overall, the most common histopathological finding was endothelial decompensation (97.2%). Subepithelial pannus (38.9%), vessels in the @entity2687 (11.1%), and anterior @entity5862 (2.8%) were the other present findings. The inflammatory reaction was considered discrete in 83.3% of the cases. The only significant histopathological finding correlated with time was the presence of vessels in the @entity2687 (P = 0.0092). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7499 , represented by the presence of vessels in the @entity2687 , was the only histopathological finding correlated with time. Because it is a known factor of poor prognosis, our findings strongly support that early regraft has higher chances of success.

title: Histopathological study of delayed regraft after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['corneal graft failure']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['synechiae']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['corneal graft failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role of @entity26051 in resistance to @entity796 @entity1036 . METHODS: Corneal @entity26051 mRNA and protein levels were tested in susceptible C57BL/6 (B6) and resistant BALB/c @entity19 . B6 @entity19 were injected with recombinant @entity19 @entity26051 (rmIL-33) and disease severity, bacterial load, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) infiltrate, gene expression of inflammatory, and T-helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokines were tested by RT-PCR. @entity26051 signaling and macrophage (Mvarphi) polarization also were examined. RESULTS: @entity26051 mRNA and protein were expressed constitutively in the normal corneas of both groups and were significantly elevated at 1 to 5 days after infection in BALB/c over B6 @entity19 . rmIL-33-treated B6 @entity19 showed less severe disease than did PBS controls and exhibited decreased bacterial load, PMN infiltrate, and corneal mRNA levels for @entity635 , @entity9701 , and @entity637 . Th2-type cytokines ( @entity58 , -5, -10) also were significantly upregulated, and protein levels for @entity637 and @entity1618 confirmed the mRNA data. To further investigate @entity26051 in @entity32 , it was overexpressed in Mvarphi (RAW264.7 cells). This significantly increased @entity59 and @entity1618 , while it decreased @entity60 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. The role of the Mvarphi was further tested in infected rmIL-33 compared with PBS-injected @entity19 . Immunostaining showed that rmIL-33 injection shifted Mvarphi polarization from NO synthase 2 to arginase production. Furthermore, peritoneally elicited cells (B6 @entity19 ) treated with lipopolysaccharide and rmIL-33 exhibited elevated @entity26052 levels and a shift from IL-12 to @entity1618 mRNA production. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence that @entity26051 promotes a Th2-type immune response and reduces @entity32 by polarizing the Mvarphi production of anti-inflammatory mediators in the @entity267 .

title: @entity26051 shifts macrophage polarization, promoting resistance against XXXX @entity1036 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['corneal inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: The object of the present paper was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ABR using ipsilateral masking in @entity1 suffering from @entity15 . Fourteen @entity1 were examined. Each @entity1 with normal audiogram underwent two ABR recording sessions during a follow-up period of thirty months. The ABRs were recorded under two experimental conditions applying standard testing procedures and ipsilateral masking, respectively. In 5 @entity1 magnetic resonance imaging was also available. The findings were compared with a control group, composed of 20 normal subjects. Standard ABR testing gave evidence of a pathological value in 50% of the cases while the ABRs proved to be altered in 64% under ipsilateral masking. The outcomes were less favourable than those obtained with somatosensory or visually evoked potentials. The conclusions drawn confirm the importance of ABR in the follow-up of @entity15 . On the other hand, ipsilateral masking does not appear to provide any significant advantages due to poor amelioration of sensitivity and doubtful specificity of the observed alterations.

title: [Longitudinal comparison of methods of auditory evoked potentials in defined XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate predictive factors for persistent @entity381 and @entity6118 after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 2008 to June 2010, 159 adult @entity1 (116 males and 43 females) who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) had pre- and post-LDLT computed tomography angiography and survived more than 6 months. @entity1 with post-LDLT @entity6315 were excluded from this study. We analyzed the impact for persistent @entity381 and @entity6118 after LDLT of pre-LDLT spleen volume, main portal vein (PV) size, coronary vein (CV) size and platelet levels. RESULTS: While 38 @entity1 displayed @entity381 , 121 showed normal spleen volumes at 6 months after LDLT (LDLT). There were 119 thrombocytopenic versus 40 normal platelet @entity1 at 6 months post-LDLT. The persistent @entity381 @entity1 showed significantly larger pre-LDLT spleen volume, larger PV and CV sizes as well as lower platelet levels before ( 10,000/mL) and 1 month after LDLT ( 10,000/mL). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed spleen volume and platelet count at 1 month posttransplant to be the only variables associated with persistent @entity381 at 6 months post. Persistent @entity882 at 6 months post-LDLT was associated with significantly larger pre-LDLT spleen volume, larger CV size, and lower platelet levels including @entity3881 m. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that platelet count at 1 week and at 1 month post-LDLT were the variables associated with persistent @entity882 at 6 months post-LDLT. CONCLUSION: Spleen volume and platelet levels at 1 month after LDLT may predict persistent @entity381 at 6 months post-LDLT. The predictive factors for @entity6118 at 6 months post-LDLT may be platelet levels at 1 week and at 1 month post-LDLT.

title: Predictive factors for persistent XXXX and @entity6118 after adult living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein stenosis']

answer: @entity381 :: (MESH:D013163,Disease) :: ['splenomegaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity250 is an under-recognized problem in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). The prevalence, correlates, and predictors of this condition in @entity1 with @entity740 have not been evaluated comprehensively. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING _ POPULATION: @entity1 treated using dialysis (dialysis @entity1 ), @entity1 treated using transplant (transplant recipients), and @entity1 with @entity740 not treated using dialysis or transplant (nondialysis nontransplant @entity1 with @entity740 ). SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Observational studies conducted in @entity1 with @entity740 only or including a control group without @entity740 . PREDICTOR: Type of study population. OUTCOMES: @entity250 in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity740 using validated tools, such as the International Index of Erectile Function, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), or other measures as reported by study investigators. RESULTS: 50 studies (8,343 @entity1 ) of variable size (range, 16-1,023 @entity1 ) were included in this review. Almost all studies explored @entity250 in @entity1 and specifically @entity323 . The summary estimate of @entity323 in @entity1 with @entity740 was 70% (95% CI, 62%-77%; 21 studies, 4,389 @entity1 ). Differences in reported prevalence rates of @entity323 between different studies were attributable primarily to age, study populations, and type of study tool used to assess the presence of @entity323 . In @entity1 , the reported prevalence of @entity250 was assessed in only 306 @entity1 from 2 studies and ranged from 30%-80%. Compared with the general population, @entity1 with @entity740 had a significantly lower overall FSFI score (8 studies or subgroups, 407 @entity1 ; mean difference, -9.28; 95% CI, -12.92 to -5.64). Increasing age, @entity6 , and @entity308 consistently were found to correlate with @entity250 in 20 individual studies of @entity1 with @entity740 using different methods. LIMITATIONS: Suboptimal and lack of uniform assessment of outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: @entity250 is highly prevalent in both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity740 , especially among those on dialysis. Larger studies enrolling different ethnic groups, using validated study tools, and analyzing the influence of various factors on the development of @entity250 are needed.

title: Prevalence and correlates of self-reported @entity250 in XXXX : a meta-analysis of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['CKD']


abstract: @entity859 and @entity859 analogs decrease @entity158 -like behavior in animal models of both acute nociceptive and @entity9 via @entity859 receptor activation at spinal and/or supraspinal levels. This open study is the first in a series of intrathecal (IT) @entity859 administration studied for the evaluation of efficacy and side effects in 14 @entity1 . All had chronic @entity9 with @entity1931 and/or @entity1931 primarily of traumatic origin. The effects of IT @entity859 (500 microg [n = 9] or 1000 microg [n = 5]) were evaluated. Approximate areas of @entity158 were mapped. Spontaneous and evoked @entity158 (visual analog scale score 0-100) and @entity158 thresholds were assessed before and 60 min after injection. The injection caused transient @entity158 (<60 min) in the lumbar region in five @entity1 . There were no other side effects. Spontaneous and evoked @entity158 was reduced (median score from 65 to 24 [P<0.01] and from 71 to 12 [P<0.01], respectively) in parallel with @entity158 thresholds in allodynic areas. Areas of @entity1931 / @entity1931 were reduced (median reduction 90%; P<0.001). Twelve @entity1 experienced @entity158 relief (median 24 h). We conclude that IT @entity859 transiently causes @entity158 in a subgroup of @entity1 and may reduce various aspects of chronic @entity9 . IMPLICATIONS: This is the first series of @entity1 with chronic @entity9 in which tolerability to spinal @entity859 administration has been evaluated. A subset of @entity1 reported transient @entity1643 as the only side effect. Spontaneous and evoked @entity158 intensity decreased in most @entity1 , an effect lasting for a median of 24 h.

title: The safety and efficacy of intrathecal XXXX in @entity1 with chronic @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'tactile hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['tactile pain', 'lumbar pain', 'pain', 'increased tactile pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Oesophagostomum bifurcum is a common parasite of @entity1 causing disease in parts of northern Ghana and northern Togo. The impact of repeated mass treatment with @entity3753 on infection with O. bifurcum and hookworm is analysed and the results compared with those in a control area where no treatment was given. At baseline, O. bifurcum and hookworm prevalences were 53.0% and 86.9%, respectively (n=1011). After 12 months, following two rounds of @entity3753 treatment, prevalences decreased significantly to 5.4% for O. bifurcum and 36.8% for hookworm (n=535). Twenty-four months after the baseline survey and following a total of four rounds of treatment, prevalences were further reduced to 0.8% and 23.4% for O. bifurcum and hookworm, respectively (n=478). Overall, there was a significant decrease in the larval counts, measured as geometric mean larval count per 4 g of stool of O. bifurcum from 3.0 to 0.1 and of hookworm from 47.2 to 1.8. The fourth mass treatment was carried out in April 2003 by the Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme. Overall, compliance to treatment varied from 70% to 80%. In the control area, Oesophagostomum prevalence increased from 18.5% to 37.0% and the intensity from 0.4 to 1.4. For hookworm, both prevalence (86.1-91.3%) and intensity (54.8-74.3) increased but not to a significant level. The prospects of eliminating @entity1 @entity34114 from the intervention area, while simultaneously achieving an important reduction of hookworm prevalences by @entity3753 mass treatment, are discussed.

title: Impact of repeated mass treatment on XXXX Oesophagostomum and hookworm infections in northern Ghana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity34114 :: ('MESH:D009814', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagostomiasis']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional with follow-up case-control component. OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence of @entity615 ( @entity615 ) and @entity615 exacerbations, describe @entity615 features and functional impairment, estimate @entity615 -related lost productive time (LPT) and costs, and assess the relation between @entity158 exacerbations and lost productive time. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity615 is associated with substantial lost work time. However, little is known about the extent to which @entity615 with or without exacerbation explains lost work time. METHODS: A national telephone survey of the U.S. workforce identified 320 workers 40 to 65 years of age with @entity615 defined by NHANES I criteria and 91 matched non- @entity615 controls. @entity1 self-reported @entity158 characteristics, lost productive time (absenteeism and presenteeism) in the previous 2 weeks, activity limitations, and demographics. A population-weighting adjustment was applied to estimates to account for selection bias and ensure that estimates of certain sample demographic subgroups' totals conformed to the Current Population Survey. RESULTS: The 2-week period prevalence of @entity615 was 15.1%; 42% of workers with @entity615 experienced @entity158 exacerbations. @entity615 prevalence was associated with demographic factors, but @entity615 exacerbations were not. @entity615 was reported by 42.6% of all workers. Workers with exacerbations reported more days with @entity615 than those without exacerbations. Workers with exacerbations were significantly more likely than those without such exacerbations to report activity limitation (88.4% vs. 60.7%; P < 0.0001) and @entity615 -related LPT (22.1% vs. 13.0%; P = 0.0259). @entity615 in workers 40 to 65 years of age costs employers an estimated  7.4 billion/year. Workers with @entity615 exacerbations account for 71.6% of this cost. CONCLUSIONS: Workers with @entity615 exacerbations account for a disproportionate share of the cost of @entity615 -related lost productive time.

title: Back XXXX exacerbations and lost productive time costs in United States workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: A 24-year-old male @entity1 was admitted to our Ryukyu University Hospital, complaining of @entity227 . He had had partial removal of a suprasellar region @entity5 in another hospital one year before the admission. Microscopical findings had shown two cell patterns of @entity3438 in the first operation. Following it, the @entity1 received irradiation with a total dose of 54Gy. The @entity5 completely disappeared after these procedures. On this admission, plain CT scan revealed an isodensity mass in the suprasellar cistern extending to the right side of the third ventricle, which was enhanced homogeneously. In MRI, the mass showed low intensity in the T1-weighted inversion recovery sequence, and heterogeneously, high intensity in the T2-weighted spin echo sequence. By bifrontal craniotomy, the @entity5 was removed. Histologically, it consisted of @entity738 containing fine @entity2708 fibers. MRI findings of intracranial @entity6401 were discussed.

title: [A case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity6401 :: ('MESH:D015745', 'Disease') :: ['foreign-body granuloma']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma']

answer: @entity6401 :: (MESH:D015745,Disease) :: ['foreign-body granuloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report the treatment outcomes of @entity1 with advanced @entity5 treated with transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) followed by @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) at Mayo Clinic in Arizona. METHODS: A retrospective study of 80 @entity1 treated from January 1, 2000 to November 7, 2011 was performed. All @entity1 had @entity5 and underwent TLM with neck dissection. Adjuvant @entity1161 was then given. Thirty-seven @entity1 received concurrent adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary outcome was locoregional control. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 47.3 months (range, 9.7-139.2 months). The 3-year locoregional control, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival rates were 98.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91% to 100%), 91.1% (95% CI, 81% to 96%), and 93.7% (95% CI, 84% to 98%), respectively. There were a total of 5 treatment failures, 1 regional and 4 distant. Twenty-six @entity1 underwent neck only @entity1161 with exclusion of the primary site. CONCLUSION: TLM followed by @entity1161 for advanced @entity5 results in excellent locoregional control rates.

title: Transoral laser microsurgery followed by @entity1161 for XXXX : the Mayo Clinic Arizona experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancer', 'stage III/IV oropharyngeal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immune regulation is crucial for the pathogenesis of @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ). It has been reported that Th17 cells as a newly identified subset of CD4(+) T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of several @entity1503 . However, the role of Th17 cells in the pathophysiology of @entity8625 is still unclear. METHODS: The frequencies of T cells were determined by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 44 newly diagnosed @entity8625 @entity1 and 25 age-matched healthy donors. The cell viability and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 assay and @entity4404 staining, respectively. Western blot was applied to identify the level of @entity584 and @entity4104 phosphorylation. RESULTS: We assessed and observed a significantly increased frequency of Th17 cells and a drastically decreased frequency of Th1 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed @entity8625 @entity1 compared with healthy donors. Furthermore, increased levels of Th17-related cytokines including @entity4155 , @entity15787 , @entity4452 , @entity1356 , and @entity650 were presented in between blood and marrow in @entity8625 @entity1 . Both @entity4155 and @entity15787 , two Th17-secreted cytokines, induced the proliferation of @entity8625 cell line @entity1 and @entity1 @entity8625 cells isolated from @entity8625 @entity1 , herein either cytokine led to the phosphorylation of @entity584 and @entity4104 . Additionally, @entity4155 promoted resistance to @entity5699 via activation of @entity584 signaling and the @entity10412 / @entity584 inhibitor @entity2306 or @entity16449 almost completely rescued @entity5699 -induced cell death in @entity8625 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that elevated Th17 cells secrete @entity4155 by which promotes the proliferation and resistance to @entity5699 in @entity8625 cells through activation of @entity584 signaling. Th17 cells may represent a novel target to improve @entity8625 immunotherapy.

title: Increased Th17 cells and @entity4155 exist in @entity1 with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and promote proliferation and resistance to @entity5699 through activation of XXXX signaling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Nalm-6']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity16449 :: ('MESH:C105905', 'Chemical') :: ['perifosine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'B-ALL']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: PURPOSE: The financial impact of @entity5 diagnosis and treatment can be considerable to individuals and their households, leading to changes in treatment decision making. This study aimed to quantify effects on income and employment; describe how cost-related factors influence treatment decision making and need for financial assistance; and to identify @entity1 sociodemographic factors associated with treatment decision making, use of financial assistance and financial effects. METHODS: A cross-sectional self-report questionnaire was administered to oncology outpatients from two hospitals in Australia: one regional and one metropolitan. RESULTS: Of 255 @entity1 , 67  % indicated a change in employment and 63  % of those reported reduced household income since their diagnosis. Travel (15  %), loss of income (14  %) and cost of treatments (11  %) were commonly cited factors influencing treatment decision making. Seventy-four percent of @entity1 reported that they did not access financial assistance, with more than a third (37  %) of those being unaware that financial assistance was available. Being currently not employed and more recent diagnosis were associated with a reduced income since diagnosis. After adjusting for employment status and age, @entity1 with private health insurance had higher odds of reporting that financial factors had influenced treatment decision making (OR  =  2.5). CONCLUSION: Unemployment is a major @entity5 . The costs of treatment may be particularly challenging for those with private health insurance who are more likely to be treated in the private health system where out-of-pocket costs are greater. Improved access to financial assistance is required to better avoid potential inequities.

title: The impact of XXXX diagnosis and treatment on employment, income, treatment decisions and financial assistance and their relationship to socioeconomic and disease factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['driver of the financial impact of cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Low-molecular-weight heparin subfractions more specifically inhibit factor Xa than @entity19318 , and they may have advantages over unfractionated heparin in arterial @entity715 . The antithrombotic efficacy of four dosages of a low-molecular-weight heparin ( @entity11270 at 100, 200, 400, or 500 Institute Choay units/kg) was compared with unfractionated @entity460 heparin (100 US Pharmacopeia units/kg) and placebo during deep @entity1317 produced by balloon dilatation of the carotid artery in the @entity1707 . The acute @entity715 end points were 111In-labeled platelet and 125I-labeled fibrinogen/fibrin deposition and macroscopic mural @entity715 ; these were related to the anti-factor Xa and antithrombin effects of the heparin preparations. Platelet deposition in segments with deep @entity1317 was 42 +/- 28, 22 +/- 5, 29 +/- 12, 9 +/- 2, 9 +/- 2, and 11 +/- 3 x 10(6)/cm2 (mean +/- SEM) for @entity1707 treated with placebo, with 100, 200, 400, and 500 units/kg @entity11270 , and with 100 units/kg unfractionated heparin, respectively. Fibrinogen/fibrin deposition was 35 +/- 8, 19 +/- 2, 19 +/- 4, 21 +/- 3, 14 +/- 4, and 12 +/- 3 molecules x 10(12)/cm2, respectively; deposition was significantly reduced in @entity1707 given 100 units/kg unfractionated heparin compared with placebo (p less than 0.05). @entity715 was present in 74%, 45%, 30%, 14%, 5%, and 9% of deeply injured arterial segments, respectively (p = 0.02). Plasma anti-factor Xa activity and prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with 100 units/kg unfractionated heparin were similar to that produced by 200 units/kg and 500 units/kg @entity11270 , respectively. Thus, low-molecular-weight heparin, which predominantly inhibits factor Xa activity, was only moderately effective at reducing platelet thrombus deposition. It was less effective than 100 units/kg unfractionated heparin, except at high dosages, producing similar prolongation of the aPTT and the @entity19318 time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antithrombotic efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin in deep XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Mural thrombosis', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injury']


abstract: We conducted a retrospective survey of @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) @entity1 who underwent reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RIST) at 11 hospitals participating in the Japan @entity1582 Study Group. Forty-five @entity1 (median age, 53 years) were included in this study. The conditioning regimen consisted of a @entity3118 -based regimen in 24 @entity1 and a regimen based on total body irradiation (1-2 Gy) in 18 @entity1 . @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity205 and @entity1140 in 28 and 17 @entity1 , respectively. All @entity1 showed myeloid engraftment. Complete chimerism was obtained in 42 @entity1 . Grade II to IV acute @entity2132 developed in 28 (65%) of 43 @entity1 evaluated, and chronic @entity2132 developed in 31 (76%) of 41 @entity1 . Early death before day 100 was observed in 4 @entity1 (8.8%). A complete response (CR) was obtained in 12 @entity1 . The factors affecting overall survival were severe acute @entity2132 and the response after RIST. To date, 18 @entity1 are alive, with 9 @entity1 remaining in CR at a median follow-up of 25 months. The overall and progression-free survival rates at 3 years were 38.5% and 18.8%, respectively. These observations suggest that RIST is feasible with reliable donor engraftment and relatively low transplantation-related mortality in Japanese @entity1582 @entity1 .

title: Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation for XXXX : results from the Japan @entity1582 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM', 'Myeloma']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: @entity2057 are proteins which promote the survival of specific neuronal populations. Many have other physiological effects on neurons such as inducing morphological differentiation, enhancing nerve regeneration, stimulating neurotransmitter expression, and otherwise altering the physiological characteristics of neurons. These properties suggest that neurotrophic factors are highly promising as potential therapeutic agents for @entity16 . @entity2057 will most likely be applied to the peripheral nervous system initially, since there are fewer problems for large proteins to gain access to peripheral neurons. Many of the most intensively studied factors are active in the peripheral nervous system. These include the neurotrophins (nerve growth factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor, @entity19562 , @entity19563 ), the insulin like growth factors, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor and its related proteins. The biology of these factors and their receptors in the peripheral nervous system is reviewed here. We also review data suggesting that abnormal availability of some factors may contribute towards the pathogenesis of certain types of @entity1897 . Finally, the pre-clinical data suggesting that individual factors might be effective in treating @entity16 is reviewed, along with data relating to possible side effects of neurotrophic factor therapy. Several factors have already entered clinical trials with variable success. The data from these trials is reviewed as well.

title: XXXX in @entity1897 : therapeutic implications.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy', 'neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotrophic factors']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['Neurotrophic factors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pulmonary artery catheter is invasive and may cause serious complications. A safe method of cardiac output (CO) measurement is needed. We have assessed the accuracy and reliability of a recently marketed self-calibrating arterial pulse contour CO monitoring system (FloTrac/Vigileo) in end-stage @entity1578 @entity1 undergoing liver transplant. The pattern of alterations known as @entity296 , and the transplant procedure itself, provided an evaluation under varying clinical conditions. METHODS: The cardiac index was measured simultaneously by thermodilution (CI( @entity8527 ): mean of four readings) using a pulmonary artery catheter and pulse contour analysis (CI(V): mean value computed by the FloTrac/Vigileo over the same time period). Readings were made at 10 time-points during liver transplant surgery (T1-T5) and on the intensive care unit (T6-T10). CI(V) was computed using the latest Vigileo software version 01.10. RESULTS: A total of 290 paired readings from 29 @entity1 were collected. Mean (SD) CI( @entity8527 ) was 5.2 (1.3) and CI(V) was 3.9 (0.9) litre min(-1) m(-2), with a corrected for repeated measures bias between readings of 1.3 (0.2) litre min(-1) m(-2) and 95% limits of agreement of -1.5 (0.2) to 4.1 (0.3) litre min(-1) m(-2). The percentage error (2SD(Bias)/meanCI( @entity8527 )) was 54%, which exceeded a 30% limit of acceptance. Low peripheral resistance and increasing bias were related (r=0.69; P<0.001). The Vigileo system failed to reliably trend CI data, with a concordance compared with thermodilution below an acceptable level (at best 68% of sequential readings). CONCLUSIONS: In cirrhotic @entity1 with hyperdynamic circulation, the Vigileo system showed a degree of error and unreliability higher than that considered acceptable for clinical purposes.

title: Evaluation of an uncalibrated arterial pulse contour cardiac output monitoring system in cirrhotic XXXX undergoing liver surgery.

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhotic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In perfused @entity35 liver, there is @entity16802 -inhibitable @entity1133 efflux, but whether it is mediated by the kidney UT-A @entity1133 transporter family is unknown. To determine whether cultured HepG2 cells transport @entity1133 , @entity8542 influx was measured. HepG2 cells had a @entity8542 influx rate of 1739 +/- 156 nmol/g protein per min; influx was inhibited 46% by @entity16802 and 32% by @entity35880 . Western analysis of HepG2 cell lysate using an antibody to UT-A1, UT-A2, and UT-A4 revealed two protein bands: 49 and 36 kD. The same bands were detected in cultured @entity35 hepatocytes, freshly isolated @entity35 hepatocytes, and in liver from @entity35 , @entity19 , and @entity831 . Both bands were present when analyzed by native gel electrophoresis, and deglycosylation of @entity35 liver lysate had no effect on either band. Differential centrifugation of @entity35 liver lysate showed that the 49-kD protein is in the membrane fraction and the 36-kD protein is in the cytoplasm. To determine whether the abundance of these UT-A proteins varies in vivo, @entity35 were made uremic by 5/6 nephrectomy. The 49-kD protein was significantly increased 5.5-fold in livers from uremic @entity35 compared to pair-fed control @entity35 . It is concluded that @entity16802 -inhibitable @entity1133 flux in liver may occur via a 49-kD protein that is specifically detected by a UT-A antibody. @entity5507 increases the abundance of this 49-kD UT-A protein in @entity35 liver in vivo.

title: UT-A @entity1133 transporter protein expressed in liver: upregulation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee']

entities_list: @entity16802 :: ('MESH:D010693', 'Chemical') :: ['phloretin']

entities_list: @entity8542 :: ('MESH:D013890', 'Chemical') :: ['thiourea']

entities_list: @entity35880 :: ('MESH:C070820', 'Chemical') :: ['thionicotinamide']

answer: @entity5507 :: (MESH:D014511,Disease) :: ['uremia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Addressing the characteristics of @entity1 as witnesses has been a focus of many researchers; however, the emotion derived from @entity1 during investigative interviews is an understudied field that is vital for practitioners from various contexts. The current study explores the emotional language that @entity1 use during forensic investigations following suspected @entity458 . The sample comprises 97 investigative interviews with @entity1 (N  =  97) aged 3-14  years. These interviews were randomly selected from all forensic interviews carried out in Israel in 2011. All of the interviews were conducted in conformity with the National Institute of @entity1 Health and Development Protocol, and the emotional language of the @entity1 was coded. The results reveal a limited overall presence of emotional language. @entity1 hardly used positive emotional language and mainly employed negative emotional language. The interview phase and the age of the @entity1 greatly affected the use of emotional language, and gender and suspect familiarity had no effect on the @entity1 's emotional language. The findings from the current study enhance existing knowledge on the emotional language of @entity1 during forensic investigations and highlight the study's unique characteristics in the context of abuse, @entity130 , and forensic investigation. The results of this study demonstrate the need for including probes about emotions in investigative interviews and the addition of emotional language to coding schemes for investigative interviews.

title: Emotional Language Used by Victims of Alleged XXXX During Forensic Investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Sexual Abuse']


abstract: There is a distinct pattern of response to gonadotropin stimulation in some @entity1 marked by high peak @entity53 (E2) levels, multifollicular ovarian response, and elevated basal luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratios. We reviewed the stimulation profiles of five such high-responder @entity1 who failed to conceive during in vitro fertilization with ovarian stimulation using pure FSH. All @entity1 had baseline LH/FSH greater than 1.5 and peak E2 greater than 800 pg/ml. One cycle was canceled prior to hCG administration because of marked ovarian response (E2 greater than 2500 pg/ml, multiple small follicles). In a subsequent cycle, all @entity1 were pretreated with the @entity4396 agonist ( @entity4397 ) @entity3086 for 10-14 days prior to initiation of FSH for ovarian stimulation. @entity3086 was continued until the day of hCG administration. During cycles using @entity4397 , there was a statistically significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in serum FSH on day 3 (less than 5 vs 8.3 mIU/ml), serum E2 on day 3 (14.6 vs 34.6 pg/ml), and peak serum E2 (1197.6 vs 1923.0 pg/ml). @entity1 during cycles with @entity4397 had a greater number of preovulatory (8.6 vs 3.0) and total (12.4 vs 6.0) oocytes retrieved (P less than 0.05). The fertilization rate of preovulatory oocytes was also higher during cycles using @entity4397 (83 vs 64%). Two pregnancies occurred in the cycles pretreated with @entity4397 . These preliminary data indicate that in high-responder @entity1 , a combination of @entity4397 and pure FSH results in lower E2 levels during the stimulation cycle and a greater number of total and mature oocytes retrieved and fertilized.

title: Ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization using pure follicle-stimulating hormone with and without XXXX agonist in high-responder @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin releasing-hormone']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide acetate', 'Leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity4396 :: (2796,Gene) :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']


abstract: Forty-nine @entity1 with histologically proven @entity2971 arising in extragonadal sites were retrospectively reviewed. Included in the review were an additional seven @entity1 with @entity5 with a pathologic appearance compatible with that of a germ cell @entity5 and elevated levels of serum biomarkers (beta subunit of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin [beta-HCG] +/- @entity160 [ @entity160 ]. Nineteen @entity1 had a pure @entity4797 arising in an extragonadal site, whereas 30 @entity1 had @entity10711 . Seven @entity1 had primary @entity5 with elevated levels of serum biomarkers. Sixteen (84%) of the 19 @entity1 with pure @entity4797 with normal levels of serum @entity160 are alive and free of disease. Eighteen of these 19 @entity1 received @entity902 -containing regimens and four had received prior chemotherapy that failed. Of the @entity1 with @entity10711 , 12 (40%) of the 30 are alive and free of disease with @entity5713 / @entity1732 +/- @entity900 (13 @entity1 ) or CISCAII ( @entity900 , @entity786 , and @entity632 ) (nine @entity1 ) alternating CISCAII/VBIV (eight @entity1 ) chemotherapy. None of the seven @entity1 with undifferentiated @entity2971 are alive and free of disease. Three of the five @entity1 with @entity2970 treated with chemotherapy remain alive and free of disease. Of the seven @entity1 with @entity1466 arising in extragonadal sites, three are alive and free of disease. A classification for @entity1 with @entity2971 incorporating site of origin, histology, and likelihood of being truly extragonadal is proposed. The implications of this classification are discussed.

title: Chemotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['extragonadal germ cell tumors', 'germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated tumors', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['pure anterior mediastinal endodermal sinus tumors']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['extragonadal seminomas', 'seminoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['extragonadal germ cell tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 is increasing rapidly in developing countries. Today, modern technologies are suggested as the tools used to enhance medication adherence. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of @entity851 ( @entity851 ) to reminder cards with regard to medication adherence in @entity1 with @entity101 . METHODS: The present study is a randomized controlled clinical trial. The subjects consisted of 123 @entity1 with @entity101 at the clinical-educational center of Sayyed-Al Shohada, Urmia, who met the study criteria. Selected based on the convenience method, the samples were randomly divided into three groups: the @entity851 group, the reminder-cards group, and the control group. The subjects in the @entity851 group were sent 6 text messages a week for three months, and the subjects in the reminder-cards group were trained in how and in what order to use their cards. Hill-Bone medication adherence scale was completed by all the @entity1 before and three months after the intervention. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, using one-way ANOVA. Hill-Bone medication adherence scale was completed by all the @entity1 before and three months after the intervention. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The results of ANOVA test demonstrated that the mean scores of medication adherence were statistically different among the three groups of control (46.63  2.99), @entity851 (57.70  2.75) and the reminder cards (57.51  2.69) after the intervention (P<0.001). However, after the intervention the means of the @entity1 ' medication adherence scores were not statistically different between the two groups trained via @entity851 and reminder cards (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of the present research demonstrated that training and distance-monitoring via @entity851 and reminder cards promote medication adherence of @entity1 . Therefore, healthcare teams and nurses are recommended to apply such training methods. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: IRCT2015110917059N2.

title: A Comparison between The Effectiveness of Short Message Service and Reminder Cards Regarding Medication Adherence in XXXX with @entity101 : A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short message service', 'SMS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity3885 resulting from @entity418 is uncommon. @entity1 with advanced @entity418 with @entity3885 usually present with severe @entity1353 or hemoptysis or both and may die of suffocation. The Lahey Clinic experience using laser bronchoscopy for the palliation of symptoms of @entity1224 in @entity1 with @entity418 is presented. From 1982 to 1990, nine @entity1 were treated in 13 procedures using the @entity3278 : yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet laser. Of the @entity1 , seven had undergone previous treatment of the @entity5 . @entity5 were located in the @entity825 in seven @entity1 and in the main stem bronchi in three @entity1 . Improvement of the airway caliber was achieved in all @entity1 with relief of the @entity1353 . The mean hospital stay was 2 days. One @entity1 lived 4 years after laser treatment with no recurrence of @entity5 , and one @entity1 died 1 week after treatment as a result of his poor general condition. The rest of the @entity1 lived 3 to 41 weeks, with a median survival of 35 weeks. No complications were related to the procedures, and in particular, no @entity4501 developed. Our experience indicates that bronchoscopic application of this laser in conjunction with other treatment modalities can improve the quality and duration of life in selected @entity1 with @entity418 that invades and obstructs the @entity825 .

title: @entity418 : bronchoscopic treatment with @entity3278 : yttrium- XXXX -garnet laser.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheobronchial obstruction', 'tracheobronchial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity3775 :: (MESH:D000535,Chemical) :: ['aluminum']


abstract: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is still a significant problem in Aboriginal @entity1 . There are higher rates of active @entity378 and evidence of continuing transmission among this group. We sought to define the specific epidemiological risks and best methods of surveillance for @entity378 in Aboriginal @entity1 in South Australia. We compared the incidence of active @entity378 in Aboriginal @entity1 in South Australia with that of the total number of cases in non-Aboriginal @entity1 from 1978 to 1988, and studied the prevalence of @entity281 in four Aboriginal communities in South Australia. Incidence rates of active @entity378 were four times higher in South Australian Aboriginal @entity1 than the total South Australian rates. Specific age analysis revealed higher active disease notification rates in Aboriginal @entity1 aged 45-54 years and 55-64 years. The notification rate for Aboriginal @entity1 was almost three times the rate for @entity1 . Standardized incidence ratios of active @entity378 cases for Aboriginal communities were higher in rural and traditional communities than in urban Aboriginal @entity1 . Infection prevalence, measured by tuberculin skin testing, varied from 7.7% to 30.8% in the different communities but did not correlate with the standardized incidence ratios. We conclude that (i) South Australian Aboriginal @entity1 are suffering a higher rate of active @entity378 than the total South Australian community, and (ii) that the disease and @entity281 rates vary between communities and between age and sex groups. The discrepancy between disease notifications rates, as measured by standardized incidence ratios, and @entity281 prevalence requires further investigation. To improve @entity378 control in Aboriginal @entity1 , programmes need to be altered to be more appropriate for this group.

title: XXXX surveillance in the South Australian aboriginal community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB disease', 'TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: Kale is a cruciferous vegetable (Brassicaceae) that contains a large amount of health-promoting phytochemicals. The chronic ingestion of cabbage of the same family is known to accelerate conjugating @entity1443 (AA) and decrease the plasma AA level. Therefore, we examined to clarify the effects of kale on the pharmacokinetics of AA, its glucuronide ( @entity29663 ) and @entity597 ( @entity4556 ). AA was orally administered to @entity35 pre-treated with kale or cabbage (2000 mg/kg/day) for one week. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, and the concentrations of AA, @entity29663 and AA-S were determined. In results, kale ingestion induced an increase in the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and a decrease in the clearance of AA, whereas cabbage had almost no influence. In addition, there were significant differences in the AUC of @entity29663 between the control and kale groups. mRNA expression levels of @entity858 -glucuronosyltransferases, the enzymes involved in glucuronidation, in the kale group were significantly higher than those in the control group. In conclusion, kale ingestion increased the plasma concentrations of both AA and @entity29663 . The results suggest that kale ingestion accelerates the glucuronidation of AA, but an increase of plasma AA levels has a different cause than the cause of glucuronidation.

title: Effects of kale ingestion on pharmacokinetics of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous infusion of ice-cold fluid is considered a feasible method to induce mild @entity2332 in @entity1167 survivors. However, only one randomized controlled trial evaluating this treatment exists. Furthermore, the implementation rate of prehospital cooling is low. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this method in comparison with conventional therapy with spontaneous cooling often observed in prehospital @entity1 . METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service. After successful initial resuscitation, @entity1 were randomized to receive either +4 degrees C Ringer's solution with a target temperature of 33 degrees C or conventional fluid therapy. As an endpoint, nasopharyngeal temperature was recorded at the time of hospital admission. RESULTS: Out of 44 screened @entity1 , 19 were analysed in the treatment group and 18 in the control group. The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics. The core temperature was markedly lower in the @entity2332 group at the time of hospital admission (34.1+/-0.9 degrees C vs. 35.2+/-0.8 degrees C, P<0.001) after a comparable duration of transportation. Otherwise, there were no significant differences between the groups regarding safety or secondary outcome measures such as neurological outcome and mortality. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous cooling alone is insufficient to induce @entity2332 before hospital admission. Infusion of ice-cold fluid after return of spontaneous circulation was found to be well tolerated and effective. This method of cooling should be considered as an important first link in the 'cold chain' of prehospital @entity772 @entity1167 survivors.

title: Prehospital @entity2332 for XXXX survivors of @entity1167 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['comatose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and pathological correlations of neuromuscular @entity1 with a high aldolase and normal @entity908 kinase (CK) in serum at presentation or during a symptomatic exacerbation. METHODS: Records and muscle biopsies were retrospectively reviewed in a consecutive series of 12 @entity1 . Pathological results were compared to 75 abnormal muscle biopsies associated with acquired immune or @entity5442 and 14 muscle biopsies from @entity1 with @entity121 associated with serum anti-Jo-1 antibodies. RESULTS: All @entity1 with selectively elevated serum aldolase had muscle discomfort (92%), @entity425 (proximal and distal) (50%), or both. Frequent systemic features included joint @entity158 (75%), @entity272 (75%) and @entity358 (50%). Electromyography patterns included normal (36%), non-irritable @entity121 (45%) and irritable @entity121 (18%). Jo-1 antibodies were not found in the five @entity1 tested. The distinctive feature of muscle biopsies was perimysial pathology (92%), including acid phosphatase positive cellularity (83%) and fragmented connective tissue (75%). CONCLUSIONS: Selectively elevated serum aldolase is associated with syndromes including @entity121 with discomfort and @entity425 , @entity74 and myopathology in perimysial connective tissue. The @entity121 with perimysial pathology and the associated clinical syndromes seen in our @entity1 are similar to disorders associated with antisynthetase antibodies. In @entity1 with muscle discomfort or mild @entity425 and a normal CK, measurement of serum aldolase can be useful in the evaluation of possible @entity121 .

title: High aldolase with normal @entity908 kinase in serum predicts a XXXX with perimysial pathology.

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathy syndromes']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy', 'myopathies']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['myopathy']


abstract: @entity5228 ( @entity13304 ) is known to cause @entity131 and produces amnesic effects. We examined synaptic plasticity changes induced by @entity13304 exposure in @entity35 hippocampal @entity1249 region. Brief bath application of @entity13304 to hippocampal slices produces a chemical form of long-term potentiation (LTP) of @entity1249 field synaptic potentials. The potentiation cannot be blocked by @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity3390 but can be blocked by the @entity460 -calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor @entity10756 or @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor @entity9501 . @entity13304 -potentiated slices show decreased autophosphorylated CaMKII (p-Thr286), an effect that is also dependent on the activity of CaMKII and PKA. Increased phosphorylation of @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptor subunit @entity4860 (p-Ser831) was seen in @entity13304 -potentiated slices. Therefore, aberrant regulation of CaMKII and @entity4860 phosphorylation occurs after @entity13304 application. In addition, @entity116 -induced LTP as well as the increase of phosphorylation of CaMKII (p-Thr286) were reduced in @entity13304 -potentiated slices. Compared with brief exposure, slices recovering from prolonged exposure did not show potentiation or altered levels of CaMKII (p-Thr286) or GluR (p-Ser831). However, decreased phosphorylation of @entity4860 at Ser845 was seen. These results describe a new chemical form of LTP and uncover novel molecular changes induced by @entity13304 . The observed impairment of @entity116 LTP and misregulation of CaMKII and @entity4860 phosphorylation may partially account for @entity13304 @entity2359 and underlie the molecular basis for @entity13304 -induced @entity2414 .

title: @entity5228 induces a long-lasting enhancement of @entity1249 field responses and impairs @entity116 -induced long-term potentiation in XXXX hippocampal slices.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficit']

entities_list: @entity5228 :: ('MESH:C012301', 'Chemical') :: ['Domoic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid', 'AMPA']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The conventional treatment of @entity1963 involves colostomy creation, excision of aganglionic segment, pull through using normally ganglionated proximal bowel segment and colostomy closure. The ultrashort segment variety is treated with posterior anorectal myectomy which requires no prior colostomy creation. This study sought to evaluate the benefits and outcomes of the procedure in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1963 between January 2003 and December 2007 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, were prospectively studied. RESULTS: Of 64 @entity1 managed with @entity1963 in five years, 11 (17.2%) were diagnosed with ultrashort segment variety and had posterior anorectal myectomy without prior colostomy. They comprised 7 males and 4 females with male/female ratio 1.8:1 and were aged between 1 month and 9 years (mean 1.5 +/- 0.8 years). The procedure was well tolerated and gave satisfactory results in all the @entity1 as no wound @entity281 or any life threatening morbidity and mortality was recorded. @entity282 which responded to @entity1443 in the majority of @entity1 was statistically significant in older compared to younger @entity1 (P<0.0001). Oral feeds were commenced and tolerated earlier, length of hospitalisation was shorter and no @entity322 was recorded unlike the conventional treatment. Also, postoperative nursing care was easier and the single procedure resulted in availability of theatre space for other paediatric operations. All the @entity1 did well on 9 months to 4 years follow-up. CONCLUSION: The procedure was found to be beneficial and effective for @entity1963 , and should be employed in this subregion.

title: Outcome of trans-anal posterior anorectal myectomy for the XXXX --Benin City experience in five years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["ultrashort segment Hirschsprung's disease", "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['ultrashort segment Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: Research has shown that religious affiliation is associated with reduced all cause mortality. The aim of this study was to determine if religious affiliation predicts @entity130 -specific mortality and length of stay. @entity1 admitted to our urban Level I @entity130 center in 2008 were examined; the main study categorization was based on endorsement of a specific religious affiliation during a standard intake procedure. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed with in-hospital mortality and length of stay as the outcomes of interest, adjusting for @entity130 severity characteristics. A total of 2303 @entity1 were included in the study. Forty-six per cent endorsed a religious affiliation. @entity1 with a religious affiliation were more likely to be female, Hispanic, and older than those who reported no affiliation (P < 0.001). There was no difference in length of hospital stay. On bivariate analysis those without religious affiliation were more likely to die (P = 0.01), but this difference disappeared after adjusting for covariates. Although we could not identify a statistical association between religious affiliation and mortality on multivariate analysis, there was an association with injury severity suggesting religious @entity1 were less severely injured.

title: Living on a prayer: religious affiliation and XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'demographic and injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Today elderly @entity1 represent the largest group of @entity158 @entity1 . Geriatric @entity1 show different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of local and systemic analgetic drugs, but there is no evidence that @entity158 threshold changes with the age. The advanced knowledge of the physiological processing of @entity158 (i.e. the role of @entity2918 ) influences the treatment and the use of certain drugs. A successful therapy for elderly @entity1 needs a planned action, starting with an exact analysis of the @entity1 's social background, organic functions and @entity158 status. During the course of therapy the @entity1 needs a continuous guidance and his family should have thorough informations to reach an optimal effect. If there is no indication for electrotherapy or regional blocks, we start with a peripherally acting nonnarcotic analgesic. The next step is a combination between this drug and a psychopharmacon. If necessary we add narcotics of the partial agonist type. In case this is not effective we combine a psychopharmacologic agent with a potent agonist @entity4784 (like @entity1286 ). The next step includes the different kinds of spinal opiate application. With these methods we are able to carry out @entity158 therapy (even in difficult cases) providing a high level of well-being, combined with a high grade of physical mobility and mental alertness.

title: [The rationale of XXXX therapy in the aged].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Compare the survival and the complication rates of 2 comparable groups of @entity1 who underwent either endoscopic or transfacial resection of a sinonasal @entity420 . STUDY DESIGN: Historical cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with sinonasal @entity420 who recently underwent an endoscopy (the ENDO group, 1999-2009) were compared with 24 @entity1 who underwent a lateral rhinotomy procedure (the LR group, 1993-2007). The present retrospective study included @entity1 who would have had an endoscopic resection in 2011. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in terms of age and sex (P = .49), as well as @entity5 stages; 43 of the 48 @entity1 had undergone postoperative radiotherapy. There were 13 T1-T2 and 11 @entity5 in the ENDO group compared with 12 T1-T2 and 12 @entity5 in the LR group (P = .77). The mean length of follow-up was 38 months for the ENDO group and 89 for the LR group. The overall survival and recurrence-free rates were not significantly different (P = .3 and P = .87, respectively). The median duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the ENDO group than in the LR group (4 vs 8 days, P < .0001). The rate of early complications was identical in both groups (12.5%). CONCLUSION: The endoscopic approach is a safe and effective treatment in selected sinonasal @entity420 cases. The early oncological outcome and morbidity associated with the endoscopic approach were comparable with a transfacial approach. Hospitalization was significantly reduced by the endoscopic approach. Although the endoscopic approach is less invasive, it requires an optimal preoperative imaging protocol and an experienced surgical team.

title: Endoscopic vs transfacial resection of sinonasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T3-T4 tumors']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: The pathophysiology of @entity1494 in @entity1 remains incompletely understood and current treatment options have limitations. Female nonhuman primates may represent a relevant animal model for studies of pathophysiology and treatment interventions because of their @entity1 -like reproductive and age associated stages of life (premenopause, perimenopause and postmenopause), lower urinary tract structure and bipedal posture. We developed and characterized a nonhuman primate model of defined injury to the urethral sphincter complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 22 adult female @entity5434 in which injury to the sphincter complex was created by cauterizing and then transecting its pudendal innervation. Urodynamic studies were performed before and during pudendal and hypogastric nerve stimulation at baseline, and 3, 6 and 12 months after injury. We also analyzed sphincter structure in vivo by cystourethrography, and ex vivo by quantitative histology and immunohistochemistry at these time points. RESULTS: Injury produced a 47% to 50% decrease in maximal urethral pressure (vs baseline p <0.05). It also abolished the increase in maximal urethral pressure in response to pudendal and hypogastric nerve stimulation (vs baseline p >0.05), which persisted more than 12 months after injury. Urodynamic changes were consistent with decreased skeletal and smooth muscle content, decreased nerve responses and an associated decrease in somatic and adrenergic innervation in the sphincter complex. CONCLUSIONS: These structural and urodynamic changes are consistent with those in @entity1 with stress urinary @entity322 . They support the usefulness of nonhuman primates as translatable surrogates for pathophysiological studies of @entity1494 and testing novel therapies for that condition.

title: A nonhuman primate model of stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary sphincter deficiency']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['urinary sphincter deficiency']