abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated the circadian variation of @entity2700 ( @entity2700 )-induced @entity3137 in @entity35 . AIM: To investigate the roles of @entity2493 and @entity3009 in the gastric mucosa in circadian modulation of @entity2700 . METHODS: Fasted @entity35 were subjected to 4-h @entity2700 during both the diurnal and nocturnal phases of a light/dark cycle. @entity3137 , serum @entity2493 concentrations, mucosal generation of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and mucosal gene expressions of @entity9773 were evaluated. RESULTS: Lesion area after 4-h stress during the dark phase was significantly smaller than that in light-phase controls. Serum @entity2493 concentration in control @entity35 during the light phase was significantly increased 4 h after @entity2700 , but @entity1421 generation was decreased by 48% as compared to that in intact mucosa before stress. In the dark phase, @entity2493 concentration after 4-h @entity2700 was significantly depressed as compared with the control level at the corresponding time. @entity1421 concentrations after 4-h @entity2700 in the dark phase were not decreased compared with the control level at the corresponding time, although @entity1421 level was significantly lower than that in light-phase controls. Expression of @entity9774 and @entity4665 mRNA was detected after exposure to stress in both the light and dark phases. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that circadian rhythm has an important role in the formation of stress-induced @entity3137 in @entity35 . The circadian rhythm of @entity2493 responses and @entity1421 generation may contribute to nocturnal/diurnal rhythmicity of gastric @entity33 between day and night.

title: Circadian rhythm of @entity2493 and XXXX in modulation of stress-induced @entity3137 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['WRS', 'water-immersion restraint stress']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal defences']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['Mucosal lesions', 'gastric mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5026 Background: It has been accepted that 5-10% of all @entity43 cases can be attributed to hereditary pathogenic mutations in @entity5 predisposition genes. Consequently genetic testing is mostly offered to those @entity1 who also have a strong family history of relevant @entity5 or specific ancestry. We investigated the frequency and clinical characteristics, including the treatment response to @entity902 therapeutics, of germline @entity6069 pathogenic mutation carriers in a large population-based prospective cohort of Australian @entity1 with @entity43 . METHODS: @entity1 were ascertained from the Australian @entity43 Study which recruited @entity1 presenting for surgery for @entity43 between 2002-2006. @entity1 were eligible for @entity6069 genotyping if diagnosed with @entity43 . Mucinous histology was excluded from analysis. Full @entity5345 and @entity2674 analysis was done by gene sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Germline status was related to @entity5 features, clinical response and potential familiality in first degree relatives, including incidences of early onset @entity0 . RESULTS: 134 pathogenic germline mutations were identified within the cohort, for an overall mutation frequency of 13.3% in the Australian @entity43 population. 113 (84.3%) mutations were associated with serous histology. 57% of mutation carriers had no evidence of familiality. Mutation carriers were more responsive to primary @entity902 treatment than non-carriers (87.4% had >6 months progression free survival, versus 68.4%), and were more likely to respond to @entity902 upon relapse (86% of mutation positive @entity1 responded to secondary @entity902 after relapsing <6 months after primary @entity902 treatment versus 60% of mutation negative @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Pathogenic @entity6069 mutations are common in invasive @entity43 and are associated with improved overall survival and response to systemic chemotherapy. @entity5345 testing should be implemented for all @entity43 @entity1 as mutation status has important prognostic and therapeutic clinical utility.

title: Germ-line XXXX mutations in high-grade @entity43 : A case for routine @entity5345 mutation screening after a diagnosis of invasive @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian Cancer', 'ovarian cancer', 'invasive epithelial ovarian, peritoneal or fallopian tube tumors', 'invasive epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA']


abstract: Forkhead box class O 3a ( @entity16389 ) is an important direct target of the @entity10160 ( @entity10160 )/protein B(Akt) pathway, mediating signal transduction in regulating cell survival and cell-cycle progression. Recent reports have shown that @entity16389 inhibits cell-cycle progression at the G1/S transition by controlling transcription of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ), which is frequently down-regulated in @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity1 @entity11 . In this study we investigated the status of @entity16389 expression and related signaling in @entity1 @entity11 in order to test its potential value as a therapeutic target for this disease. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining analysis were performed on specimens from 70 cases of @entity1 @entity11 and on U87MG and T98G @entity11 cells. Our data showed @entity16389 expression is directly correlated with the malignant grade of @entity11 . More importantly, low expression of @entity16389 was associated with poor @entity1 outcome. In vitro, @entity16389 modulated the cell cycle by transcriptional regulation of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ). Administration of the @entity10160 pharmacological inhibitor @entity2306 abrogated this effect by regulating @entity16389 expression and subcellular localization. Our results suggested that @entity16389 may be a favorable independent prognostic indicator of @entity11 . Gene therapeutic approaches aimed at @entity10160 or at pharmacological inhibitors of @entity10160 to down-regulate P- @entity16389 expression could be developed for management of @entity11 .

title: Clinical and biological significance of forkhead class box O 3a expression in @entity11 : mediation of @entity11 by transcriptional regulation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity10160 :: ('5290', 'Gene') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase', 'PI3K']

answer: @entity13525 :: (1027,Gene) :: ['p27kip1']


abstract: The present study provides evidence that the @entity1 natural killer (NK) cell effector mechanism causing target cytolysis has a requirement for @entity534 . In a @entity7978 ( @entity7978 ) containing only salts, buffer system and @entity413 , NK cell-mediated @entity137 was found to decrease by 70% as compared to that obtained in a @entity7978 ( @entity7978 ). However, adding @entity534 to such @entity7978 could restore the activity of NK cells to the normal level. Many other components of @entity7978 , such as serum, @entity1160 and @entity2221 did not improve NK cell-mediated killing in @entity7978 . When all @entity1522 except @entity534 were added to @entity7978 only a partial recovery of NK cell functional cytolysis was seen. @entity534 enhanced the NK cell activity in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the inhibitor of both inducible and constitutive @entity842 synthase, @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ) inhibited NK cytolytic activity in @entity7978 supplemented with @entity534 indicating participation of @entity842 (NO). The results also show that the stimulatory effect of @entity534 on @entity1 NK cell-mediated @entity137 was accompanied by an increase in NO formation as determined by accumulation of @entity3542 and @entity7792 . @entity7293 gave a dose-dependent reduction in NO generation as well. The @entity3542 and @entity7792 production dose-dependently correlated with not only the concentration of @entity534 in the cultivation medium, but also the enhanced NK cell-mediated cytolysis. Taken together, these findings could define a @entity534 /NO-linked effector mechanism in @entity1 NK cells. @entity3542 and @entity7792 were not formed when NK cell-mediated target cell killing took place in a @entity534 -free @entity7978 supplemented with additives. Thus, it appears as if @entity1 NK cells may cause target cell killing via both NO-dependent and -independent processes.

title: @entity842 synthase pathway may mediate @entity1 natural killer cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7978 :: ('MESH:C536038', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'deficient medium', 'complete medium', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrite', 'nitrite']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['N-monomethyl-L-arginine', 'L-NMMA']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: The ability of native (sympathetic preganglionic) and foreign (vagal) nerve fibres to re-innervate neurones of the @entity840 superior cervical ganglion, either alone or in competition with each other, has been studied by means of intracellular recording and electron microscopy. 1. Native fibres make synaptic contacts with nearly all ganglion cells within one month of cervical trunk section; within 6 months the degree of innervation, judged by measurement of excitatory post-synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) amplitude and electron microscopical synapse counts, approaches normal. However, even after 15 months innervation was weaker than in normal control @entity21 . 2. Vagal fibres are less successful during re-innervation. Although a similar number of foreign fibres grown into denervated @entity21 and make contact with nearly all ganglion cells within a month, after 6-12 months e.p.s.p. amplitudes in response to foreign nerve stimulation remain relatively small, and counts of synapses are only about 60% as great as in @entity21 re-innervated with the native nerve. 3. When both native and foreign fibres are allowed to re-innervate ganglion cells simultaneously, about half the neurones in the ganglion receive synapses from both sources after 1 month. The proportion of dually invervated cells remains roughly constant for at least 14 months. Neither set of preganglionic fibres dominates or displaces the other, although neurones generally are re-innervated more effectively by native than foreign fibres, as is true during non-competitive re-innervation. 4. Thus during re-innervation of @entity1 sympathetic neurones native fibres are preferred to foreign ones only in the sense that roughly the same number of native fibres form many more synapses on ganglion cells than do vagal axons. A foreign synapse, once formed, is as stable as a native one, and shows no tendency to be replaced by native terminals. These findings are discussed in relation to other evidence which has suggested specificity and selectivity during re-innervation of @entity1 autonomic neurones.

title: Competitive and non-competitive re-innervation of XXXX sympathetic neurones by native and foreign fibres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Etappenlavage, a new concept of scheduled multiple laparotomies with abdominal lavage for @entity298 , has been in use since 1979. The purpose of etappenlavage is to ensure exclusion of the infected source, promote maximal elimination of toxic necrotic material, and allow prompt recognition of complications to effect immediate repair. @entity1 with @entity298 at high risk of developing @entity881 (as assessed by high scores in the @entity298 and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation classifications) were routinely reexplored on a daily basis until evidence of improvement or healing was noted. From 1980 to 1984, 61 @entity1 with @entity1320 were treated. Thirty-four cases were due to spontaneous perforation of an intestinal viscus, and 27 cases were @entity86 . In 51 cases the primary process was present for more than 48 hours. A total of 235 etappenlavages were performed (mean, 3.9 per @entity1 ). In ten cases, additional bowel lacerations were noted and repaired at the second laparotomy. In the last 31 @entity1 , closure with a zipper has facilitated reoperation. No drains were used. After definitive closure, primary wound healing was seen in 79% of cases. The overall mortality in this high-risk group was 22.9%.

title: Scheduled reoperations (etappenlavage) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple system organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse peritonitis', 'Peritonitis Index Altona']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['diffuse peritonitis']


abstract: Plant Resistance (R) genes encode immune receptors that recognize pathogens and activate defense responses. Because of fitness costs associated with maintaining R protein-mediated resistance, expression levels of R genes have to be tightly regulated. However, mechanisms on how R-gene expression is regulated are poorly understood. Here we show that @entity24237 ( @entity24237 ) regulates the expression of @entity24238 , @entity24238 ( @entity24238 ), which encodes a Toll/interleukin receptor-nucleotide binding site- @entity368 -rich repeat type of R protein in @entity958 ( @entity958 ). In the @entity24237 loss-of-function mutant plants, @entity24238 expression is repressed and constitutive resistance responses mediated by @entity24238 are lost. The repression of @entity24238 expression in @entity24237 is released by knocking out DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION1. In @entity24237 mutants, DNA methylation in a region upstream of @entity24238 is altered. Furthermore, expression of @entity24238 transgenes using the native promoter does not require @entity24237 , indicating that regulation of @entity24238 expression by @entity24237 is at the chromatin level. Map-based cloning of @entity24237 revealed that it encodes a novel protein with a HLA-B ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPT2 (BAT2) domain that is conserved in plants and animals. Our study on @entity24237 suggests that BAT2 domain-containing proteins may function in regulation of gene expression at chromatin level.

title: Regulation of the expression of plant resistance gene XXXX by a protein with a conserved BAT2 domain.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity24238 :: (827397(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['SNC1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a single large dose of @entity2656 on midline tissue shifts after a large @entity385 . BACKGROUND: Theoretically, @entity2656 use in the largest @entity385 may preferentially shrink noninfarcted cerebral tissue, thereby aggravating midline tissue shifts and worsening neurologic status. To test this theory, we studied @entity1 with hemispheric @entity1188 using continuous and sequential MRI during administration of a single dose of @entity2656 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity16 from @entity2500 and CT evidence of at least 3 mm of midline shift were studied using T1-weighted three-dimensional multiplanar rapid acquisition gradient echo image data sets acquired at 5- to 10-minute intervals before, during, and after a 1.5 gm/kg bolus infusion of @entity2656 . Horizontal and vertical displacements were calculated by previously described methods. Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) and MCA @entity64 Scale (MCASS) were measured before and after @entity2656 administration. Mean changes in tissue shifts were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. Clinical variables were compared using paired t-tests. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were enrolled. The final average change in midline shift compared with the initial displacement was 0.0 +/- 1 mm for horizontal (F = 0.06, p = 0.99) and 0.25 +/- 1.3 mm for vertical displacement (F = 0.06, p = 0.99). Whereas average scores for the group did not change, MCASS improved in two, GCS improved in three, and pupillary light reactivity returned in two @entity1 . No @entity1 worsened. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity2656 used in @entity1 with @entity2657 after a large hemispheric @entity1188 does not alter midline tissue shifts or worsen neurologic status.

title: The effects of @entity2656 on @entity2657 after large hemispheric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['complete middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarctions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarctions', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarct']


abstract: The current study aimed to summarise the clinical features and classifications of vertebral artery dissecting @entity439 (VADAs) to optimise strategies for endovascular interventional therapy. The clinical features and results of 31 inpatients with VADA were retrospectively analysed. The @entity439 were classified according to their location and association between the @entity439 and @entity5487 ( @entity5487 ), and into subtypes according to the developmental state of the contralateral vertebral artery. Different endovascular interventional therapy strategies were selected for each classification. Three types of @entity439 with two subtypes each were identified. An @entity439 located distally to the @entity5487 was termed type I (10/31 @entity1 ). @entity439 with a contralateral vertebral artery were denoted as subtype a (type Ia, 6/31 @entity1 ) and @entity439 with @entity509 of the contralateral vertebral artery were denoted as subtype b (type Ib, 4/31 @entity1 ). An @entity439 located at the origin of the @entity5487 was termed type II (13/31 @entity1 ), with seven cases classified as IIa and six cases as IIb. An @entity439 located proximally to the @entity5487 was termed type III (8/31 @entity1 ), with five cases classified as IIIa and three cases as IIIb. Among the 31 @entity1 , 18 received stent-assisted coiling, two received coiling, 10 received coiling with parent @entity432 and one @entity1 received conservative treatment. Among the 31 @entity1 with VADA, 21 were occluded completely, nine were partially occluded and one was not occluded. One @entity1 developed a @entity772 following coiling; however, the other 30 @entity1 recovered well. Thus, the classification of an @entity439 based on its location and the developmental state of the contralateral vertebral arteries appears to be an effective and safe approach for the selection of appropriate endovascular interventional therapy strategies.

title: Endovascular interventional therapy and classification of vertebral artery dissecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['posterior inferior cerebellar artery', 'PICA']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is a @entity16 associated with very low birth weight premature @entity1 . This event can lead to post-hemorrhagic @entity1276 , @entity306 , and @entity1032 . This study developed a novel animal model for pre-clinical investigations. METHODS: Neonatal @entity35 underwent infusion of clostridial collagenase into the right germinal matrix (anterior caudate) region using stereotaxic techniques. Developmental milestones were evaluated over 10 days, cognitive function at 3 weeks, and sensorimotor function at 4 weeks after collagenase infusion. This was accomplished by anthropometric quantifications of cranial, cerebral, cardiac, and splenic growths. RESULTS: Collagenase infusion led to delays in neonatal developmental milestones, followed by @entity73 in the juvenile animals. Cranial growth was accelerated during the first week after injury, and this was followed by significant @entity1010 , @entity381 , and @entity1283 3 weeks later. CONCLUSION: This study characterized the developmental delays, @entity1032 , and @entity306 features resembling the long-term clinical course after @entity548 in premature @entity1 . Pre-clinical testing of therapeutics in this experimental model could lead to improved @entity1 outcomes while expanding upon the pathophysiological understanding of this disease.

title: A novel preclinical model of @entity548 using neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['GMH', 'Germinal matrix hemorrhage', 'germinal matrix hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and sensorimotor dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of intraocular pressure (IOP) and needle diameter on the amount of reflux after intravitreous bevacizumab injection. METHODS: Prospective randomized interventional study. Twelve New Zealand white @entity95 weighing approximately 2.5 to 3.5 kg each were randomized 1:1 to group 1 or group 2. Bevacizumab stained with @entity3460 was used for intravitreous injection. To lower the IOP, eyes in group 2 underwent anterior chamber paracentesis before intravitreous injection. Two eyes in each group were injected using 27-, 30-, or 32-gauge needles. If a subconjunctival @entity4530 formed after intravitreous injection, its diameter was measured using a caliper. RESULTS: The median IOP in group 1 was 17.5 mm Hg. Eyes injected using 27-gauge and 30-gauge needles showed stained subconjunctival blebs with median sizes of 3 mm and 1.7 mm, respectively; eyes injected using 32-gauge needles showed no subconjunctival @entity4530 formation. The median IOP in group 2 was 10.3 mm Hg. Eyes injected using 27-gauge needles showed stained subconjunctival blebs with a median size of 0.7 mm, and eyes injected using 30-gauge and 32-gauge needles showed no subconjunctival @entity4530 formation. CONCLUSION: Decreasing the IOP before intravitreous injection and using a smaller-gauge needle reduce the risk of drug reflux after intravitreous bevacizumab injection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intravitreous injection is an increasingly common route of drug delivery to treat @entity2194 . Techniques that maximize bioavailability are examined in this study.

title: Intravitreous bevacizumab injection: an experimental study in New Zealand white XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this work was to develop and validate a rapid and robust LC- @entity15 / @entity15 method for the determination of @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) in plasma, suitable for analysis of a large number of samples. METHOD: Systematic approach, Design of Experiments, was applied to optimize ESI source parameters and to evaluate method robustness, therefore, a rapid, stable and cost-effective assay was developed. The method was validated according to US FDA guidelines. LLOQ was determined at 5 pg/ml. The assay was linear over the examined concentration range (5-2500 pg/ml), Results: Experimental design approach was applied for optimization of ESI source parameters and evaluation of method robustness. The method was validated according to the US FDA guidelines. LLOQ was determined at 5 pg/ml. The assay was linear over the examined concentration range (R(2) > 0.98). The accuracies, intra- and interday precisions were less than 15%. The stability data confirmed reliable behavior of @entity9170 under tested conditions. CONCLUSION: Application of Design of Experiments approach allowed for fast and efficient analytical method development and validation as well as for reduced usage of chemicals necessary for regular method optimization. The proposed technique was applied to determination of @entity9170 pharmacokinetics in pediatric @entity1 undergoing long-term sedation in the intensive care unit.

title: HPLC- @entity15 / @entity15 method for XXXX quantification with Design of Experiments approach: application to pediatric pharmacokinetic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: This study was conducted to observe the effects of intravenously administered 6% hydroxyethylstarch 130/ 0.4 solution and @entity1483 on the outcome of acute @entity788 @entity1 . @entity1 admitted to our center from October 16, 2007 through August 31, 2009 were given intravenous infusions of 6% hydroxyethylstarch 130/0. 4 solution (1 000-2 000 ml administered for an adult) soon after admission. At the same time, @entity1483 was administered as intravenous bolus, trying to maintain a fluid balance. The dose level of hydroxyethylstarch was gradually lowered from the second day after admission. A total of 135 @entity1 (54% of @entity1 with a Ranson's score > or = 3 and 61% with a Balthazar CT score > or = D) were treated with our protocol. Only 4% and 7% @entity1 developed @entity660 respectively; only 1 @entity1 underwent necrosectomy. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4%. It was estimated that, on the average, 18. 3% of blood volume was lost on admission. Our study suggest that intravenously administered 6% hydroxyethylstarch 130/0. 4 solution and @entity1483 might be beneficial for @entity1 with acute @entity788 . Plasma extravasation is a central event of acute @entity788 . The reversal of @entity3485 is crucial for the success in treatment of acute @entity788 .

title: [Role of 6% hydroxyethylstarch 130/0.4 and @entity1483 in the treatment of acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the impact on eptifibatide-associated @entity548 by implementing a computerized dosing algorithm in the cardiac catheterization suite. BACKGROUND: Excessive dosing of eptifibatide is associated with increased @entity548 rates and hospital mortality. Although dosing adjustments based on renal function has been recommended, its implementation and clinical impact have not been assessed in daily practice. METHODS: A computerized algorithm was implemented in January 2006 to calculate appropriate eptifibatide infusion dose (1 microg kg(-1) @entity1009 ) for @entity1011 clearance <50 mL/min or 2 microg kg(-1) @entity1009 ) for @entity1011 clearance >or=50 mL/min) using the Cockroft-Gault formula. All @entity1 had hemoglobin measured before and the day after the procedure. Bleeding within 24 hours and mortality during hospitalization were compared in consecutive @entity1 before and after implementation of the algorithm. RESULTS: A total of 334 @entity1 qualified for inclusion (pre-algorithm n = 91, post-algorithm n = 243). There was an increase in the proportion of @entity1 receiving recommended doses of eptifibatide dosing (74.7% pre-algorithm vs 97.5% post-algorithm, P <or= .0001). Twenty-four-hour @entity548 complications as classified using 3 major @entity548 classification systems were reduced as was hospital mortality (4.4% vs 0%, P = .005). Packed red blood cell transfusion rates were similar between both groups (4.4% pre-algorithm vs 2.1% post-algorithm, P = .26). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 receiving eptifibatide in the catheterization laboratory before percutaneous coronary intervention, implementation of a computerized algorithm was associated with appropriate dosing and reduced @entity548 and mortality.

title: Impact of computerized dosing on eptifibatide-associated XXXX and mortality.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: A retrospective study of 116 cases of @entity1151 , drawn from a total of 11,044 Coroner's autopsies, conducted over a 5-year period, yielded a necropsy prevalence of 1.05%, with an annual incidence varying between 0.78%-1.32%. There was a statistically significant peak monthly incidence of 1.89% in September (P < 0.03), as well as significantly higher rates between April to September as a whole, compared to the rest of the year (P < 0.03). There was a marked preponderance of females (male:female ratio = 0.59) and 48.3% of the subjects were > or = 60 years of age, with a distinct peak (23.3%) in the 8th decade. The prevalence of the common predisposing factors were as follows: surgery 41.4%, @entity130 30.2%, @entity295 22.4%, @entity28 18.1%, malignancy 10.3% and pregnancy 4.3%. The peak time of @entity204 following @entity130 and/or immobilization was one week. Apparently, a total of 54 subjects (46.6%) were ambulant prior to @entity204 , while 29 (25%) did not have any of the common risk factors studied. The prevalence of cigarette smoking and oral contraception could not be ascertained due to inadequate clinical documentation, even among medical inpatients. The majority of @entity204 (85.3%) occurred in hospitals, of which 44.8% were surgical @entity1 . @entity1151 was apparently not suspected in 77.1% of the 105 @entity1 who died whilst under the care of qualified medical practitioners, there being no significant difference between medical and surgical inpatients. In these cases, @entity204 was most often attributed to acute @entity583 or @entity299 . The study also showed a high prevalence of underlying @entity1030 (37.1%) and of moderate to severe @entity301 (37.9%). The clinico-pathological and medico-legal implications of these findings are discussed.

title: XXXX is not uncommon--results and implications of a five-year study of 116 necropsies.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atheroma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive airways disease']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary thromboembolism', 'fatal pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary thromboembolism']


abstract: A total of 103 isolates of @entity796 were studied to compare the in vitro effectiveness of three @entity3405 antibiotics ( @entity3400 , @entity4967 , and @entity3401 ) when used alone and in combination with four @entity581 ( @entity2890 , @entity801 , @entity4509 , and @entity5153 ). All drugs were tested as single agents against a standard inoculum (5 X 10(5) CFU/ml). The three antipseudomonal penicillins were also tested against the isolates at a higher inoculum concentration (10(7) CFU/ml). Synergy testing was performed by the two-dimensional checkerboard method and was defined by a fractional bactericidal index of less than or equal to 0.5 and bacterial killing accomplished at antibiotic concentrations no greater than those achievable in serum. All combinations were assessed for synergy. The degree of synergy was further analyzed by dividing the isolates into groups based on their susceptibility and resistance to the individual agents in the combination. The overall effectiveness of the various @entity4028 -antipseudomonal penicillin combinations was assessed regarding their ability to kill the isolates either as single agents or through synergy. @entity3400 was the most active antipseudomonal @entity114 , and @entity2890 and @entity4509 were the most active @entity581 when used as single agents. When tested against isolates at a higher inoculum concentration, @entity4967 was significantly more active than the other @entity7660 . The highest degree of overall synergy was noted with @entity801 - @entity4967 (78.2% of strains) and @entity4509 - @entity3400 (77% of strains). When assessed for overall effectiveness, all combinations containing @entity4509 were the most active. The combination of @entity4509 - @entity3400 was the most effective, with activity against 96% of all isolates.

title: In vitro activity of @entity3400 , @entity4967 , and @entity3401 alone and in combination with XXXX against @entity796 .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3401 :: ('MESH:D008802', 'Chemical') :: ['mezlocillin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperacillin', 'piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity581 :: (MESH:D000617,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycosides']


abstract: In recent years, increased isolation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing @entity5609 has been reported in Japan. We undertook an investigation to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing @entity9700 isolated in Japan and to characterise the genotype. Seventy-four @entity9700 isolates recovered from specimens at 54 hospitals in Japan between March and October 2006 were included in the study. Of the 74 @entity9700 isolates examined, 28 (37.8%) were ESBL-producers. The bla(CTX-M-2) gene was found in 27 isolates, whilst 1 isolate possessed bla(CTX-M-3). Amongst the 28 ESBL-producers, 25 (89.3%) were non-susceptible to @entity2177 , whilst 11 (23.9%) of 46 ESBL-non-producing isolates were non-susceptible to @entity2177 . Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of the 28 ESBL-producing isolates from 19 hospitals revealed 17 clusters. The same PFGE type was observed in two or more hospitals especially in the greater Tokyo area, suggesting possible clonal spread and the need for monitoring to determine whether emergence of a dominant clone occurs. Our results show that in Japan there is a high prevalence of CTX-M-type beta-lactamase-producing @entity9700 . Moreover, these isolates are characterised by reduced susceptibility to @entity2887 .

title: Rapidly spreading CTX-M-type beta-lactamase-producing XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

answer: @entity5609 :: (584,Species) :: ['Proteus mirabilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been identified in the cervical mucus plug (CMP) at term of pregnancy. Their physiological and pathophysiological implications, however, remain to be elucidated, and CMPs from @entity3152 have never been examined. This study was therefore conducted to describe the concentrations of @entity1476 , @entity2843 , @entity5952 and @entity1495 in the CMP in relation to gestational age, @entity687 as an indicator of @entity32 , compartment of the CMP, and @entity3152 . METHODS: An aliquot of the distal plug compartment facing the vaginal microflora (CMP-dist) was collected from non-pregnant (n = 15), early pregnant (n = 15) and term pregnant @entity1 (n = 15). Whole CMPs shed during active vaginal term (n = 15) and preterm (n = 4) labor were also included. Protein concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: @entity1476 was not detectable in the non-pregnant CMP-dists whereas high concentrations were found in early pregnancy followed by an 85% decline at term. High concentrations of @entity2843 were found in both the non-pregnant and early pregnant CMP-dists with a 90% decline at term. Consequently, the molar @entity2843 /MMP ratio was 40 in the non-pregnant state and 0.2 at term. The @entity1476 and @entity2843 concentrations were alike in the CMP-dists and the whole CMPs. @entity5952 , @entity1495 , and @entity687 were mainly found in the distal CMP compartment. @entity5952 and @entity1495 concentrations were several fold increased in this compartment during pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant state. In the preterm whole CMPs, @entity5952 , @entity1495 and @entity687 were 2 to 5 fold increased compared to term whole CMPs. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CMP @entity1476 reflects the non-leukocyte dependent cervical remodeling that occurs in early pregnancy, whereas @entity5952 and @entity1495 are involved in the defense against ascending infections primarily located to the distal compartment of the CMP. The upregulation of @entity5952 , @entity1495 and @entity687 in whole CMPs from @entity3152 may indicate the involvement of an intrauterine @entity281 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinases in the cervical mucus plug in relation to gestational age, plug compartment, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: Previous work has suggested that decrement in both processing speed and working memory span plays a role in the @entity2414 observed in @entity1 with @entity161 . We undertook a study to examine simultaneously the effect of these two factors. A sample of 49 @entity1 with @entity161 and 43 healthy controls underwent a @entity227 . Superficial and deep encoding memory measures were tallied. We conducted regression analyses on the various memory measures, using processing speed and working memory span as independent variables. In the @entity1 group, processing speed was a significant predictor of @entity2414 . Working memory span was an additional significant predictor of the deep memory measures only. Regression analyses involving all @entity1 revealed that the effect of diagnosis on all the deep encoding memory measures was reduced to non-significance when processing speed was entered in the regression. Decreased processing speed is involved in @entity227 in @entity1 , whether the task require superficial or deep encoding. Working memory is involved only insofar as the task requires a certain amount of effort.

title: Processing speed and working memory span: their differential role in superficial and deep memory processes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['superficial and deep memory measures in verbal and visual memory', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['verbal and visual memory deficit', 'battery of verbal and visual memory tasks']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a significant difference exists between @entity85 of polio survivors and those of older adults with no history of polio, and to determine if activity level and strength predict @entity158 in either group. DESIGN: Matched research design. SETTING: A research laboratory in a rehabilitation setting. @entity1 : Fifty-four polio survivors and 54 adults with no history of polio were matched for gender, race, and bilateral knee extensor strength and selected from a cohort of 316 subjects who participated in a study on the relation between activity level and health status. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Location and severity of @entity4512 , activity frequency and intensity level, maximum voluntary isometric strength, and physical performance measures. RESULTS: Polio survivors reported significantly more symptoms than the matched controls ( P <.05). Symptom status among the polio survivors was strongly associated with performance strain, perceived exertion, and activity intensity. Although the polio survivors had activity frequencies and habitual walking speeds that were similar to those from the matched controls, there was evidence that they performed activities at higher intensity levels. CONCLUSIONS: Activity level is a factor in the development of @entity85 in polio survivors. Polio survivors who perform at higher intensity levels are more likely to have moderate to severe @entity158 and more mobility difficulties.

title: XXXX in polio survivors and strength-matched controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['Musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: Two forest management objectives being debated in the context of federally managed landscapes in the U.S. Pacific Northwest involve a perceived trade-off between fire restoration and @entity505 sequestration. The former strategy would reduce fuel (and therefore C) that has accumulated through a century of fire suppression and exclusion which has led to extreme fire risk in some areas. The latter strategy would manage forests for enhanced C sequestration as a method of reducing atmospheric @entity515 and associated threats from global climate change. We explored the trade-off between these two strategies by employing a forest ecosystem simulation model, STANDCARB, to examine the effects of fuel reduction on fire severity and the resulting long-term C dynamics among three Pacific Northwest ecosystems: the east Cascades ponderosa pine forests, the west Cascades western hemlock-Douglas-fir forests, and the Coast Range western hemlock- @entity20272 forests. Our simulations indicate that fuel reduction treatments in these ecosystems consistently reduced fire severity. However, reducing the fraction by which C is lost in a wildfire requires the removal of a much greater amount of C, since most of the C stored in forest biomass (stem wood, branches, @entity400 ) remains unconsumed even by high-severity wildfires. For this reason, all of the fuel reduction treatments simulated for the west Cascades and Coast Range ecosystems as well as most of the treatments simulated for the east Cascades resulted in a reduced mean stand C storage. One suggested method of compensating for such losses in C storage is to utilize C harvested in fuel reduction treatments as biofuels. Our analysis indicates that this will not be an effective strategy in the west Cascades and Coast Range over the next 100 years. We suggest that forest management plans aimed solely at ameliorating increases in atmospheric @entity515 should forgo fuel reduction treatments in these ecosystems, with the possible exception of some east Cascades ponderosa pine stands with uncharacteristic levels of understory fuel accumulation. Balancing a demand for maximal landscape C storage with the demand for reduced wildfire severity will likely require treatments to be applied strategically throughout the landscape rather than indiscriminately treating all stands.

title: Forest fuel reduction alters fire severity and long-term XXXX storage in three Pacific Northwest ecosystems.

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['coarse woody debris']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1724 ( @entity1724 ) is an infrequent but debilitating disease. Because @entity1724 is uncommon, it has proven difficult for studies at single institutions to accurately evaluate its natural history. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical spectrum of @entity1724 . DESIGN: Standardized retrospective and prospective medical record abstraction. SETTING: Twenty-two tertiary-care pediatric otolaryngology centers throughout the United States. @entity1 All @entity1 with @entity1724 younger than 18 years seen between January 1, 1996, and March 31, 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographics, age at diagnosis, anatomic sites of disease, @entity66 , frequency of surgery, need for tracheotomy, and medication history. RESULTS: The registry includes 603 @entity1 . The mean age at diagnosis was 4.0 years. The @entity1 underwent a mean of 5.1 surgeries annually. Current age, rather than age at diagnosis, was the primary determinant of surgical frequency. The larynx was involved at the time of diagnosis in 96.1% of @entity1 , and 87.4% had only 1 anatomic site involved. @entity1 with 1 site involved were significantly older at diagnosis (mean age, 3.9 years) than those with 2 sites (mean age, 2.9 years). Most (74.2%) had stable disease over time, 5.8% showed progression of @entity1185 to new sites, and 17.9% had no evidence of disease for at least 1 year. @entity1 with disease progression were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than those who remained stable or became disease-free. @entity1 who required tracheotomy were significantly more likely to have progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS: The registry has established the clinical course of @entity1724 in a large sample representative of the United States. Young age was the most important determinant of disease severity (frequency of surgery, extent of disease at diagnosis, and @entity74 ). Addressing questions of pathogenesis and disease course will require a revised data collection instrument and molecular analysis of tissues.

title: National registry for juvenile-onset recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal disease course']

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['JORRP', 'Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progression of disease']

answer: @entity1724 :: (MESH:C535297,Disease) :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']


abstract: To elucidate the vascular actions of @entity6579 , we examined its effects on the concentration of cytosolic free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i), plasma membrane fluidity and release of @entity880 dehydrogenase in vascular endothelial cells cultured from @entity291 aortas. The [ @entity141 ]i of the endothelial cells was measured by a dual-wavelength fluorospectrophotometer using a fluorescent, @entity460 -specific indicator, @entity593 . Membrane fluidity was monitored by measuring changes in the steady-state fluorescence anisotropies, using @entity3955 as a fluorescence probe. In the presence of 1 mmol/L extracellular @entity460 , @entity6579 caused a biphasic elevation of [ @entity141 ]i in @entity593 -loaded vascular endothelial cells, consisting of a large transient component followed by a relatively low, but more sustained component. At concentrations of @entity6579 equal to or greater than 10 mumol/L, [ @entity141 ]i increased in a dose-dependent manner in the presence or absence of external @entity460 . In the absence of extracellular @entity460 , only an initial transient increment in the [ @entity141 ]i of endothelial cells was generated, the sustained component being eliminated. The sustained component was greatly depressed or almost abolished by the addition of the @entity460 influx blocker, @entity4437 . Plasma membrane fluidity was greatly increased by incubation with @entity6579 (30 and 50 mumol/L) concomitant with significant increases in the release of @entity880 dehydrogenase from the cells. At 50 mumol/L, @entity6579 increased @entity880 dehydrogenase release and membrane fluidity in a time-related way.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity6579 on XXXX aortic endothelial cells in culture.

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Between May 1986 and June 1992, 48 @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 underwent 50 intraoperative interstitial implants in conjunction with conservative tumoral resections. Brachytherapy was part of the initial treatment in 27 cases and was done in 21 other previously treated @entity1 . For the last ones brachytherapy was, in most of the cases, the only treatment in addition to surgery. The implant dose was 40-65 Gy. When combined with external irradiation the mean prescribed dose was 20 Gy (12-25 Gy). With a median follow-up of 33 months, the 3-year actuarial survival rate was 81% and the local disease-free survival 91.7%. Five local failures were observed only in @entity1 with recurrent @entity242 : two were inside the treated volume and three outside (local failure 5/48 = 10.4%). Acute side-effects occurred in 11 @entity1 (11/48 = 23%), with skin breakdown (two cases) @entity281 and @entity1410 (one case), @entity281 , lymphocele, secondary skin breakdown and @entity455 (one case), @entity281 and limited skin breakdown (two cases) and @entity245 (five cases). As a consequence, six @entity1 required reoperation but no amputation was necessary. The functional results were good. Only three @entity1 had a moderate limitation of movement. Late complications occurred in five @entity1 : @entity174 (one case), leg @entity4 not interfering with normal activity (three cases), @entity1897 fibrosis related requiring surgery (one case). Therefore, this preliminary report shows that adjuvant intraoperative brachytherapy is feasible and is safe in treating soft tissue @entity242 , even in previously irradiated @entity1 . However, further evaluation is needed to determine the real place of intraoperative implant in the management of soft tissue @entity242 .

title: Intraoperative interstitial iridium brachytherapy in the management of soft tissue XXXX : preliminary results of a feasibility phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular rupture']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedemas']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intravitreal bevacizumab injection on @entity2479 and @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) refractory to laser photocoagulation therapy. Thirty-four eyes of 22 @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity1103 refractory to laser photocoagulation therapy received an intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg/0.05 ml of bevazicumab. Changes in mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), regression of neovascularization over time, and correlation between BCVA and @entity1020 were evaluated. Follow-up visits were at weeks 1, 2 and 4 and months 3 and 6. Mean BCVA was significantly better than baseline only at week 2 (P = 0.036). Mean @entity1020 decreased significantly from baseline at weeks 1, 2, and 4 (P = 0.001). At months 3 and 6, mean @entity1020 increased, albeit insignificantly (P = 0.804 and P = 1.0). The decrease in @entity941 leakage was moderate in all eyes at the end of week 1. At week 2, there was total resolution of @entity941 leakage in 24 (70.5%) eyes and moderate resolution in 10 (29.5%) eyes. At the end of month 3, the @entity941 leakage was fully resolved in 5 (14.7%) eyes, moderately resolved in 24 (70.5%) eyes, and was similar to baseline in 5 (14.7%) eyes. At month 6, the @entity941 leakage was fully resolved in 3 (8.8%) eyes, moderately resolved in 20 (58.8%) eyes, and was similar to baseline in 11 (32.4%) eyes. A moderate but insignificant negative correlation was found between visual acuity and @entity1020 (P > 0.05). Persistence or recurrence of neovascular tissue after panretinal photocoagulation may be attributed to the production of @entity7 by the residual ischemic retina, which also results in persistent or recurrent @entity1103 despite macular grid photocoagulation.

title: Intravitreal bevacizumab for persistent @entity1103 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: Beside their role as lipid solubilizers, @entity3645 ( @entity7902 ) are increasingly appreciated as signaling factors. As ligands of G-protein coupled receptors and nuclear hormone receptors BAs control their own metabolism and act on lipid and energy metabolism. To study BA function in detail, it is necessary to use methods for their quantification covering the structural diversity of this group. Here we present a simple, sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of @entity6741 profiles in human plasma/serum. Protein precipitation was performed in the presence of stable-isotope labeled internal standards. In contrast to previous LC-MS/MS methods, we used a reversed-phase C18 column with 1.8microm particles and a gradient elution at basic pH. This allows base line separation of 18 @entity6741 species (free and conjugated) within 6.5min run time and a high sensitivity in negative ion mode with limits of detection below 10nmol/L. Quantification was achieved by standard addition and calibration lines were linear in the tested range up to 28micromol/L. Validation was performed according to FDA guidelines and overall imprecision was below 11% CV for all species. The developed LC-MS/MS method for @entity6741 quantification is characterized by simple sample preparation, baseline separation of isobaric species, a short analysis time and provides a valuable tool for both, routine diagnostics and the evaluation of BAs as diagnostic biomarkers in large clinical studies.

title: Rapid quantification of XXXX and their conjugates in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of autologous or allogenic stem cells has recently been suggested as an alternative therapeutic approach for treatment of cartilage defects. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are well-characterized multipotent cells that can differentiate into different cell types. Understanding the potential of these cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying their differentiation should lead to innovative protocols for clinical applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of surface antigen selection of BM-MSCs and to understand the mechanisms underlying their differentiation. METHODS: MSCs were isolated from BM stroma and expanded. CD105+ subpopulation was isolated using a magnetic separator. We compared culture-expanded selected cells with non-selected cells. We analyzed the phenotypic profiles, the expression of the stem cell marker genes Nanog, @entity4729 , and @entity4731 and the multi-lineage differentiation potential (adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic). The multi-lineage differentiation was confirmed using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and/or real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) techniques. RESULTS: The selected and non-selected cells displayed similar phenotypes and multi-lineage differentiation potentials. Analyzing each cell source individually, we could divide the six donors into two groups: one with a high percentage of @entity2393 (b1-integrin) expression ( @entity1733 ); one with a low percentage of @entity2393 (LL). These two groups had different chondrogenic capacities and different expression levels of the stem cell marker genes. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that phenotypic profiles of donors were related to the chondrogenic potential of @entity1 BM-MSCs. The chondrogenic potential of donors was related to @entity2393 expression levels. The high expression of @entity2393 antigen seemed necessary for chondrogenic differentiation. Further investigation into the mechanisms responsible for these differences in BM-MSCs chondrogenesis is therefore warranted. Understanding the mechanisms for these differences will contribute to improved clinical use of autologous @entity1 BM-MSCs for articular cartilage repair.

title: Molecular profile and cellular characterization of XXXX bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: donor influence on chondrogenesis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is no reliable screening tool to identify @entity1 with high risk of developing @entity788 even though @entity788 represents the fifth-leading cause of @entity5 in Korea. The goal of this study was to develop an individualized risk prediction model that can be used to screen for asymptomatic @entity788 in Korean @entity1 and @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gender-specific risk prediction models for @entity788 were developed using the Cox proportional hazards model based on an 8-year follow-up of a cohort study of 1,289,933 @entity1 and 557,701 @entity1 in Korea who had biennial examinations in 1996-1997. The performance of the models was evaluated with respect to their discrimination and calibration ability based on the C-statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow type   2 statistic. RESULTS: A total of 1,634 (0.13%) @entity1 and 561 (0.10%) @entity1 were newly diagnosed with @entity788 . Age, height, BMI, fasting @entity413 , urine @entity413 , smoking, and age at smoking initiation were included in the risk prediction model for @entity1 . Height, BMI, fasting @entity413 , urine @entity413 , smoking, and drinking habit were included in the risk prediction model for @entity1 . Smoking was the most significant risk factor for developing @entity788 in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The risk prediction model exhibited good discrimination and calibration ability, and in external validation it had excellent prediction ability. CONCLUSION: Gender-specific risk prediction models for @entity788 were developed and validated for the first time. The prediction models will be a useful tool for detecting high-risk individuals who may benefit from increased surveillance for @entity788 .

title: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model to Estimate Individual Risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA), Doppler ultrasound (DUS) and Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the assessment of @entity543 . METHODS: DUS, CE-MRA and DSA were performed in 56 @entity1 included in the Carotide-angiographie par r  sonance magn  tique-  chographie-doppler-angioscanner (CARMEDAS) multicenter study with a @entity543 >=  50%. Three readers evaluated stenoses on CE-MRA and DSA (NASCET criteria). Velocities criteria were used for @entity850 estimation on DUS. RESULTS: CE-MRA had a sensitivity and specificity of 96-98% and 66-83% respectively for carotid stenoses >=  50% and a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 76-84% respectively for carotid stenoses >=  70%. The interobserver agreement of CE-MRA was excellent, except for moderate stenoses (50-69%). DUS had a sensitivity and specificity of 88 and 75% respectively for carotid stenoses >=  50% and a sensitivity and specificity of 83 and 86% respectively for carotid stenoses >=  70%. Combined concordant CE-MRA and DUS had a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 85-90% respectively for carotid stenoses >=  50% and a sensitivity and specificity of 96-100% and 80-87% respectively for carotid stenoses >=  70%. The positive predictive value of the association CE-MRA and DUS for carotid stenoses >=  70% is calculated between 77 and 82% while the negative predictive value is calculated between 97 and 100%. CE-MRA and DUS have concordant findings in 63-72%, and the overestimations cases were recorded only for @entity543  <= 69%. CONCLUSION: Combined DUS-CE-MRA is excellent for evaluation of severe @entity850 but remains debatable in moderate @entity850 (50-69%) due to the risk of overestimations.

title: Overestimation of moderate XXXX assessed by both Doppler US and contrast enhanced 3D-MR angiography in the CARMEDAS study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The high prevalence of @entity146 ( @entity146 ) in @entity1 with @entity4225 ( @entity4225 ) raises clinical questions in terms of screening and prevention, particularly for an emergency @entity146 department. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the risk factors of the recurrence of @entity146 during a one year follow-up in @entity4225 @entity1 consulting the emergency unit of the University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG) following a suicide attempt. METHODOLOGY: All subjects included in the study (age 18-65) had been diagnosed with @entity4225 according to DSM IV criteria. Furthermore, they all consulted the emergency @entity146 unit after a suicide attempt. The exclusion criteria were the presence of cognitive, @entity162 . Almost all @entity146 @entity1 from the Canton of Geneva (350 000 inhabitants) are directed to the HUG emergency department. After one year, 95 subjects were included in the study, while the total number of emergency @entity146 consultations was of about 10 000. During the emergency consultations, the clinicians checked the DSM IV criteria for @entity4225 and current @entity308 , following the usual guidelines, independently of the study. The clinicians were specifically trained to set up the diagnosis of @entity4225 by means of the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE). The gravity of @entity308 was assessed with the @entity308 ( @entity308 ). The recurrence of @entity146 was recorded for every @entity1 during one year. RESULTS: Among the 95 @entity1 included in the study, 34 @entity1 (36%) were re-admitted to the emergency unit for one or several @entity146 during the first year after inclusion. The recurrence of the @entity146 was significantly higher in @entity1 (OR=9.8), in @entity1 with past history of @entity146 (OR=8.9) and in @entity1 living alone (OR=2.5). Interestingly, the presence of a farewell letter seems to be a protective factor (OR=0.1) for @entity146 . Furthermore, low economic status appears to be associated with a higher recurrence risk, but the trend is not statistically significant. Recurrence and intensity ( @entity308 ) of the major @entity308 , @entity734 , and other disorders on @entity2270 I of DSM IV did not differ statistically in @entity1 with or without @entity146 recurrence. CONCLUSION: In this preliminary study, we tried to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity146 , relating to early secondary prevention, starting from the first assessment at the emergency unit.

title: [Predictive factors of suicidal behaviour recurrence in @entity4225 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar or psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'Major Depressive Episode', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'depressive episode', 'HDRS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'SB', 'suicidal behavior']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of mesh sacrocolpopexy (MSC, which aims to restore normal pelvic floor anatomy to alleviate prolapse related symptoms) and its effect on @entity1 's quality of life, as @entity1 with @entity3577 commonly have various pelvic floor symptoms that can affect urinary, rectal and sexual function. @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 2000 to June 2006, consecutive @entity1 with confirmed stage 2-4 @entity3577 subsequently had a MSC. Detailed telephone interviews using the Cleveland Clinic Short Form-20 Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) questionnaire, with Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI), Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory (POPDI) and @entity14 Inventory (CRADI) subscales was completed by all @entity1 to assess symptoms before and after MSC, improvement in sexual function and overall satisfaction. RESULTS: In all, 21 @entity1 had abdominal MSC; the median (range) follow-up was 52.2 (21-99) months. Total PFDI scores were significantly better after MSC (mean 44.0/300) than before (mean 113.9/300; P < 0.001). Analysis of the subscale scores showed that all @entity1 reported a significant improvement of symptoms in the POPDI category (P < 0.001). CRADI subscale scores showed no significant change after MSC (before, mean 7.43/100 vs after 8.47/100; P = 0.542). There was an improvement of urinary symptoms on the UDI subscale after MSC but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Analysis of score differences over time after MSC showed an insignificant decreasing slope (P = 0.227), suggesting long-term stability of symptoms after surgery; 90% of @entity1 reported a significant improvement in sexual function and excellent long-term overall satisfaction with MSC. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that MSC is a safe and effective surgical option for treating @entity3577 , providing symptom improvement and stability in the long term.

title: Long-term quality-of-life outcome after mesh sacrocolpopexy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal vault prolapse']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal-Anal Distress']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['vaginal vault prolapse']


abstract: 1. The study was supposed to investigate a possible prevention or reduction of the @entity137 of radiotherapy by an additional treatment with Esberitox. This question arose when performing an investigation about the effect of Esberitox in a combined chemo-radiotherapy. Whereas the latter induces above all a systemic damage to the hemopoietic system, radiotherapy is a regional noxa. 2. The present prospective, randomized study was conducted with 50 @entity1 submitted to curative adjuvant irradiation following surgery for mammary @entity189 . The radiotherapy was performed in the same way in all @entity1 with irradiations of the thoracic wall and the regional lymph nodes. Two groups were built by randomization. The study group received an additional treatment with Esberitox, the control group did not receive an additional treatment. 3. As a result, no protective influence of Esberitox could be demonstrated. The parameters investigated were the peripheral blood count (leucocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, thrombocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and the incidence of @entity281 . 4. This result diverging from literature is discussed. It is probably affected by volume and extension of the injury induced by a hematotoxic noxa and furthermore by the ability of regeneration. If this ability is exhausted, the protective effect of Esberitox can act no longer. Therefore the essential factor seems to be the duration of exposure to the noxa. Esberitox was effective in case of a short @entity137 , it was ineffective in case of prolonged @entity137 , if the treatment continuity (noxa) was not broken up by some regeneration intervals. The radiotherapy studied in this trial had a duration of 50 days, and its effect was that of a @entity130 .

title: [Supplementary treatment with Esberitox of female XXXX undergoing curative adjuvant irradiation following breast cancer].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['longterm injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Platelet indices, including mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ), are readily available blood tests, although their prognostic value in @entity1 with @entity326 has not been fully explored. Current evidence has found contradictory results. This study aims to explore the behavior of platelet indices in @entity326 and their clinical prognostic value. METHODS: Charts of @entity326 @entity1 from January to December 2012 in a tertiary medical center in Northern China were reviewed retrospectively. Platelet indices were recorded during the first five consecutive days after admission, as well as the penultimate and the last day of hospital stay. The data were compared between surviving and non-surviving @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 124 @entity326 @entity1 were enrolled. Thirty-six of the @entity1 survived and 88 of them expired. @entity6688 in the non-survivor group was higher than that of the survivor group, especially on the last day. PDW and PLCR showed increased trends, while PCT and PLT decreased in the non-survivor group. Among the PLT indices, @entity6688 had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.81) with a precision rate of 75.6% at a cut-off of 10.5.Compared with other more usual @entity326 prognostic markers, @entity6688 is second only to lactate for the highest area under the curve. CONCLUSION: A statistically significant difference was seen between survivors and non-survivors for platelet indices which make them easily available and useful prognostic markers for @entity1 in @entity326 .

title: The impact of various platelet indices as prognostic markers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The external auditory canal @entity3540 (EACC) is characterized by hyperproliferation of the epithelial and subepithelial tissue. Compared to normal meatal skin, strong expression of @entity540 and @entity7 had previously been detected. Many authors reported that @entity540 acts via @entity7 and is induced by @entity519 . @entity519 seems to be pivotal for establishing EACC. Therefore, @entity1 EACC fibroblasts were investigated by incubating with @entity540 and determining @entity7 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We harvested fibroblasts from @entity1 EACC and normal meatal skin and incubated the fibroblast culture with 50 ng/ml @entity540 and determined @entity7 concentrations after 1-4 days. RESULTS: Compared to untreated fibroblast cultures, there was a significant increase of @entity7 concentration (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the proliferation quantities. CONCLUSION: @entity7 and @entity540 are possibly involved in a cascade of growth factor activities, which modulates their concentration in @entity1 -derived EACC fibroblast culture. Exogenous @entity540 increased fibroblast expression for @entity7 , which is a major autocrine mediator of @entity540 -induced angiogenesis and proliferation.

title: [Angiogenic factors in external auditory canal XXXX -fibroblast cell culture].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatoma']


abstract: Among 140 cases of chronic extracerebral fluid collections treated surgically, 7 cases (5%) of @entity1779 occurring immediately after drainage were encountered. In none of the @entity1 was a preoperative intracerebral clot or contusion identified by either computed tomographic scan or angiography. One @entity1 had pre-existing systemic @entity101 . Five of the @entity1 had @entity6087 , 1 had a @entity11757 and had been previously radiated for @entity2946 , and 1 @entity1 had a middle fossa @entity145 . Four of the group had had craniotomies and three had undergone trephination for the @entity75 . The postoperative intracerebral @entity1410 were manifest by rapid deterioration of consciousness and focal neurological findings occurring usually immediately (but, in 2 cases, a few days after) the original procedure. Five @entity1 underwent secondary craniotomy and 2 had external drainage. Despite rapid treatment, 2 of the @entity1 died, 4 were left with severe disability, and only 1 survived intact. None of the @entity1 had identifiable @entity1003 , and only 1 @entity1 was @entity101 in the immediate postoperative period. The factors that all of the @entity1 had in common were preoperative @entity428 and shift of the midline structures, as well as rapid surgical decompression of the @entity75 . Possible pathogenic mechanisms include @entity548 into previously undetected areas of contusion, a sudden increase in cerebral blood flow combined with faulty autoregulation, and damage to parenchymal vessels secondary to rapid intra- or postoperative shift of the intracranial contents. Perhaps this devastating complication can be avoided if closed system drainage is used for the treatment of chronic surface collections.

title: XXXX after evacuation of chronic extracerebral fluid collections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initial lesion', 'primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity11757 :: ('MESH:D013353', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hygroma']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematoma']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Intracerebral hematoma']


abstract: @entity23634 ) is one of the most serious @entity1800 of @entity1460 . However, little is known about the molecular basis of the @entity1460 defense mechanism against this pathogen. We identified differentially expressed proteins in @entity1460 leaves infected with SMV by proteomic approaches. Twenty-eight protein spots that showed >= 2-fold difference in intensity were identified between mock-inoculated and SMV-infected samples. Among them, 16 spots were upregulated and 12 spots were downregulated in the SMV-infected samples. We recovered 25 of the 28 differentially expressed proteins from two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels. These spots were identified as 16 different proteins by Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI- @entity215 ) mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem @entity215 / @entity215 MS, and were potentially involved in protein degradation, defense signal transfer, reactive @entity26 , cell wall reinforcement, and energy and metabolism regulation. Gene expression analysis of 13 genes by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that metabolism genes and photosynthesis genes were downregulated at all time points. One energy gene was downregulated, whereas another energy gene was upregulated at five of the six time points. The other interesting genes that were altered by SMV infection showed changes in transcription over time. This is the first extensive application of proteomics to the SMV- @entity1460 interaction. These results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular basis of @entity1460 's responses to SMV.

title: Proteomics-based analysis of novel genes involved in response toward XXXX infection.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['virus diseases']

entities_list: @entity23634 :: ('12222', 'Species') :: ['Soybean mosaic virus (SMV']

answer: @entity23634 :: (12222,Species) :: ['soybean mosaic virus']


abstract: The efficacy of using @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) for palliation of symptoms because of @entity5 recurrence after prior esophagogastrectomy has not been properly assessed despite the well recognized use of @entity1702 in @entity1 without prior surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using @entity1702 in @entity1 who had prior esophagogastrectomy. The study group included 35 @entity1 with @entity189 or @entity418 documented to have loco-regional recurrence after esophagogastrectomy and in whom @entity1702 were placed for palliation. The median age was 67 (ranged 41-85). The indications for stenting were @entity1282 caused by recurrence at the esophageal @entity254 (n= 4) and in the esophageal remnant (n= 5), or extrinsic compression from mediastinal nodal disease (n= 7); @entity1084 produced by extrinsic @entity5 compression (n= 13); and tracheo-esophageal fistulae (n= 6). Forty-three stenting procedures were performed, and the technical success rate was 97.6%. The @entity1282 score improved from 4.66 to 2.54 (P < 0.001). All @entity1 with @entity1727 had their symptoms successfully palliated. The immediate complication rate was 14% (n= 5); two @entity1 had stent malpositioning, two had inadequate opening of their stents, and one had a failed stenting procedure. On follow-up, 15 (42.8%) @entity1 required a total of 22 re-intervention procedures for various reasons: endoscopic dilatation (five dilatations in three @entity1 ), removal of foreign bodies (nine procedures in four @entity1 ), and insertion of a second @entity1702 related to @entity5 growth (eight stents in eight @entity1 ). There was no procedure-related mortality. The median survival was short at 42 days (range 5-290 days), mostly related to @entity1442 stage. @entity1702 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 after esophagogastrectomy is safe and effective.

title: The use of self-expanding metallic stents ( @entity1702 ) is effective in symptom palliation from recurrent @entity5 after esophagogastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of esophagus']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['tracheo-esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['self-expanding metallic stent', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective is to assess the ability of volar locking plates to maintain @entity174 reduction when used to treat dorsally displaced extra- and @entity7334 . METHODS: This prospective study was conducted over @entity7478 -month period. Consenting @entity1 who had sustained a closed, dorsally displaced @entity174 , treated by open reduction and internal fixation using a volar distal radial locking plate were included in the study. Radial inclination, volar tilt, and ulnar variance were measured from radiographs taken at least 3 months after surgery and compared with radiographs of the uninjured side. Only two of the eight participating surgeons have a specialist interest in upper limb surgery. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were included in the study. There were 23 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 . The mean age was 49.5 years (range, 26-82 years). According to the Orthopaedic @entity130 Association (OTA) classification, there were 19 Type A, 1 Type B, and 13 Type C fractures. The average restoration of volar tilt was 1-degree angle of under correction with a range of 7.3-degree angle of under correction to 3.7-degree angle of over correction, when compared with the uninjured side. The mean restoration of radial inclination was 1.9-degree angle of under correction with a range of 10-degree angle of under correction to 8.4-degree angle of over correction. As a group, the mean ulnar variance was 0 mm with a range of 2 mm of relative ulnar shortening to 3.5 mm of ulnar prominence when compared with the uninjured side. CONCLUSION: In the hands of general trauma surgeons, the volar approach combined with the application of a suitable volar locking plate is a good treatment for restoring and maintaining the anatomy of dorsally displaced intra- and extra-articular distal radial fractures.

title: XXXX treated using volar locking plates: maintenance of normal anatomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radial fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular distal radial fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Displaced distal radial fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aberrant histone deacetylase (HDAC) has a key role in the @entity5 associated with the epigenetic patterns of @entity5 -related genes. The present study was performed to investigate the effects and determine the mechanism of action of the HDAC inhibitor, @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ), on the CAL27 cell line derived from @entity957 ( @entity957 ). The effects of @entity3262 on the viability of CAL27 cells were investigated using @entity98 assays. Alterations in the cell cycle and apoptosis were also examined using @entity2667 (PI) and @entity4404 -PI assays, and were subequently analyzed by flow cytometry. Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-related genes were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, the effects of @entity3262 were assessed using a xenograft model in vivo. The present results demonstrated significant dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability following @entity3262 treatment. Treatment with @entity3262 increased the distribution of CAL27 cells in the G1 phase and reduced cells in the S phase, and significantly increased the expression levels of @entity16926 and @entity16927 (P<0.01). Using a xenograft model, the mean @entity5 volume in @entity3262 -treated animals was demonstrated to be significantly reduced, and the rate of apoptosis was significantly increased, as compared with the control animals. These results suggested that @entity3262 may regulate SUMOylation, producing an anticancer effect in vivo. Further investigation into the role of @entity3262 in tumorigenesis may identify novel therapeutic targets for @entity957 .

title: Anticancer effects of @entity1092 on XXXX via SUMOylation in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic process']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite widespread acceptance of echocardiography for diagnosis of @entity884 , few investigators have evaluated its utility as a risk-stratification tool to aid therapeutic decision-making. METHODS: A decision tree and Markov analysis model were constructed using published and institutional data to estimate the cost-effectiveness of an echocardiographic risk-stratification strategy for @entity884 . The models compared surgery for high-risk @entity1 based on clinical factors ("standard care") and surgery for high-risk @entity1 based on echocardiographic findings ("echocardiography-guided"). RESULTS: The cost per @entity1 for standard care and echocardiography-guided strategies was  47,766 and  53,669, respectively. The expected quality-adjusted life years (QALY) for standard care and echocardiography-guided strategies were 5.86 years and 6.10 years, respectively. Compared with standard care, the echocardiography-guided strategy cost an additional  23,867 per QALY saved. In one-way sensitivity analyses, the incremental cost of this strategy remained < 50,000/QALY across a broad range of scenarios. Baseline @entity64 risk had the greatest effect on cost-effectiveness. For populations with @entity64 risk less than 3.65%, the echocardiography-guided strategy was not cost-attractive ( @entity10679 > 50,000/QALY). At @entity64 risk between 3.65% and 14%, the @entity10679 for the echocardiography-guided strategy was attractive (< 50,000 /QALY). The echocardiography-guided strategy became economically dominant at any baseline @entity64 risk greater than 18.3%. CONCLUSION: Echo-guided risk stratification for early surgery in @entity1 with large vegetations is a cost-attractive treatment strategy for IE, as it improves outcome for an incremental cost < 50,000/QALY.

title: Echocardiographic risk stratification for early surgery with XXXX : a cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['endocarditis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by @entity5139 insecticides can cause @entity697 , @entity425 , @entity410 , @entity772 , and @entity1576 . Prognosis depends on the dose and relative @entity137 of the specific compound, as well as pharmacokinetic factors. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of @entity5140 treatment for acute @entity5139 insecticide poisoning? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview). RESULTS: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 25 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 14 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of eight studies and the further review of six full publications. Of the six full articles evaluated, one update of a systematic review previously included in this review was added. We performed a GRADE evaluation for six PICO combinations. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for two comparisons based on information about the effectiveness and safety of @entity5141 versus placebo or no @entity5141 and @entity5141 versus each other.

title: XXXX insecticide poisoning.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute parasympathetic system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphorus']

answer: @entity5139 :: (D010755,Chemical) :: ['Organophosphorus']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of @entity4481 in treating @entity9 associated with @entity1897 in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre 14 week clinical trial was conducted. Japanese @entity1 with @entity1897 (n = 317) were randomized to receive placebo or @entity4481 at 300 or 600 mg/day. The primary efficacy measure was a change of mean @entity158 score from baseline to end-point from @entity1 ' daily @entity158 diaries. RESULTS: Significant reductions in @entity158 were observed in @entity1 treated with @entity4481 at 300 and 600 mg/day vs. placebo (P < 0.05). Improvements in weekly @entity158 scores were observed as early as week 1 and were sustained throughout the study period (300 and 600 mg/day difference from placebo at study end-point, -0.63 and -0.74, respectively). @entity4481 produced significant improvements in weekly sleep interference scores, the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep Scale, the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey scale, and the @entity1 and Clinical Global Impression of Change. @entity1 impressions of @entity1183 , @entity158 and paraesthesia were also significantly improved. Regarding treatment responders, 29.1 and 35.6% of @entity1 treated with 300 and 600 mg/day, respectively, reported >=  50% improvement in mean @entity158 scores (vs. 21.5% for placebo). @entity4481 was well tolerated; somnolence (26%), @entity1296 (24%), peripheral @entity4 (13%) and @entity1017 (11%) were the most common adverse events and generally were reported as mild to moderate. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4481 was effective in reducing @entity158 and improving @entity25 due to @entity158 , and was well tolerated in Japanese @entity1 with @entity158 .

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX for treating @entity9 associated with @entity1897 : a 14 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful DPN', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: Pervasive doubts are a central feature of @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ). We have theorized that obsessive doubts can arise in relation to any internal state and lead to compensatory reliance on more discernible substitutes (proxies), including rules and rituals. Previous findings corroborated this hypothesis, but were based on students with high and low @entity3119 tendencies and did not control for @entity148 . The present study tested our hypothesis in @entity3119 @entity1 using both @entity148 and nonclinical controls. Twenty @entity3119 @entity1 , 20 @entity148 @entity1 , and 20 nonclinical @entity1 underwent 2 experimental procedures. In the first, @entity1 had to produce specific levels of @entity121 with and without the aid of biofeedback. In the second, @entity1 were asked to subjectively assess their own @entity121 after viewing preprogrammed false feedback showing either increasing or decreasing levels of @entity121 . As predicted, @entity3119 @entity1 were less accurate than @entity148 and nonclinical @entity1 in producing designated levels of @entity121 when biofeedback was not available and more likely to request the biofeedback when given the opportunity to do so. In the false feedback procedure, @entity3119 @entity1 were more influenced by the false biofeedback when judging their own level of @entity121 compared with the 2 controls groups. In both procedures, @entity148 @entity1 did not differ from the nonclinical controls. These results support the hypothesis that individuals with @entity3119 have attenuated access to and reduced confidence in their internal states, and that this deficit is specific to @entity3119 and not attributable to @entity148 . (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

title: Seeking Proxies for Internal States in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tension']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder']