abstract: Electroacupuncture (EA) has been regarded as an alternative treatment for @entity158 for several decades. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effect of EA have not been thoroughly clarified. Previous studies have shown that cannabinoid @entity13677 receptors are related to @entity158 relief. Accumulating evidence has shown that the @entity13677 and @entity935 systems sometimes interact and may operate synergistically in @entity35 striatum. To our knowledge, @entity935 D1/D2 receptors are involved in EA analgesia. In this study, we found that repeated EA at Zusanli (ST36) and Kunlun (BL60) acupoints resulted in marked improvements in thermal @entity1931 . Both western blot assays and FQ-PCR analysis results showed that the levels of @entity13677 expression in the repeated-EA group were much higher than those in any other group (P = 0.001). The @entity13677 -selective antagonist @entity14513 inhibited the effects of repeated EA by attenuating the increases in @entity13677 expression. The two kinds of @entity935 receptors imparted different actions on the EA-induced @entity13677 upregulation in AA @entity35 model. These results suggested that the strong activation of the @entity13677 receptor after repeated EA resulted in the concomitant phenomenon of the upregulation of D1 and D2 levels of gene expression.

title: Electroacupuncture inhibition of @entity1931 in XXXX with adjuvant arthritis: involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 and @entity935 receptor subtypes in striatum.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) is common among @entity1 on chronic dialysis. Despite severe clinical manifestations, the indication for bypass surgery is controversial, because of the high morbidity and mortality rate of these @entity1 . The less invasive percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ) is a possible alternative, but data about @entity865 in dialysis @entity1 are scarce. METHODS: We followed 107 dialysis @entity1 (mean age 67+/-10, 75 males) with 132 ischaemic limbs (97% with critical limb ischaemia and @entity10395 or @entity158 ) consecutively treated by @entity865 . RESULTS: @entity865 was successful in 97% of cases. Median follow-up was 22 months. Cumulative limb salvage rates at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months were 86, 84, 84 and 62%, respectively. Log-rank test showed an association between major amputation and baseline presence of foot lesions (P=0.04). This association was confirmed by a Cox survival multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR)=7.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-43.0, P=0.035]. Limb salvage without any new intervention on the same leg was achieved in 70% of the cases, and was associated with the absence of @entity6 (P=0.01), lower number of treated lesions (P=0.04) and proximal level (iliac and/or femoro-popliteal) of @entity865 (P<0.001). Independent predictors were @entity6 (HR=3.47, 95% CI=1.31-9.17, P=0.01) and proximal @entity865 (HR=0.28, 95% CI=0.08-0.94, P=0.04). Fifty-three (49%) @entity1 died during follow-up. @entity1 older than 67 years (the median value in our sample) had a 2.4-fold increase in mortality risk (95% CI=1.4-4.1, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity865 is feasible and effective in dialysis @entity1 with @entity3657 , and should be preferred to other more invasive interventions.

title: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is feasible and effective in @entity1 on chronic dialysis with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity10395 :: ('MESH:D005534', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic foot lesions']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral artery disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity564 L. (Dictyoptera; Blattaria) has been traditional used to treat @entity1066 , burns and @entity299 in southwestern China. Recent reports indicate that @entity33570 can be used as an alternative medicine in therapy of @entity31 , but the mechanism involved remains obscure. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the therapeutic effect of @entity33570 extract (PAE) in @entity35 @entity1960 and elucidated its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity3304 and @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 @entity35 model was applied. @entity1960 @entity35 were treated with PAE for 10 d and estimated disease activity index daily. Rectal @entity32 was assessed by @entity1589 activity and histological changes. Another @entity1960 @entity35 were treated with PAE for 4 d, meanwhile gavage with @entity526 labelled with green fluorescent protein. Mesenteric lymph nodes, colon, liver, spleen and kidney were harvested for bacteria culture. PAE was suspended in distilled water then partitioned with @entity1046 and @entity10439 to obtain @entity1046 fraction, @entity10439 fraction and water fraction, respectively. Fibroblasts proliferation and collagen accumulation of each fraction was determined. RESULTS: PAE treatment reduced the severity of @entity1960 and tissue @entity1589 accumulation (p   <   0.001). Also, PAE at 80   mg/kg significantly inhibited labelled @entity526 from translocating to distant organs, especially to MLN and liver. Additionally, PAE significantly stimulated fibroblasts proliferation (126.9%) and collagen accumulation (130.8%) for 48   h incubation. Among the partitions, @entity1046 fraction generally had higher fibroblast viability enhanced-activity. CONCLUSIONS: PAE can protect against @entity31 and this protection is attributed to anti- @entity32 and fibroblasts viability.

title: Protective effect of @entity564 extract in @entity31 @entity35 induced by @entity3304 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity564 :: ('6978', 'Species') :: ['Periplaneta americana']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity3304 :: ('MESH:D004137', 'Chemical') :: ['Dinitrochlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'Colitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ), commercially called @entity2727 or Concerta, has been widely used as a drug for @entity71 ( @entity71 ). Noteworthily, growing numbers of young @entity1 using prescribed @entity7541 improperly for pleasurable enhancement, take high risk of addiction. Thus, understanding the mechanism underlying high level of @entity7541 action in the brain becomes an important goal nowadays. As a blocker of @entity2922 transporters, its therapeutic effect is explained as being due to proper modulation of D1 and a2A receptor. Here we showed that higher dose of @entity7541 facilitates @entity143 -receptor mediated synaptic transmission via a @entity2922 -independent mechanism, in layer V   VI pyramidal cells of the @entity35 medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). To indicate its postsynaptic action, we next found that @entity7541 facilitates @entity143 -induced current and such facilitation could be blocked by   1 but not D1/5 and a2 receptor antagonists. And this @entity7541 eliciting enhancement of @entity143 -receptor activity involves PLC, @entity6164 and @entity9197 mediated intracellular @entity141 increase, but does not require PKA and extracellular @entity141 influx. Our additional pharmacological studies confirmed that higher dose of @entity7541 increases locomotor activity via interacting with   1 receptor. Together, the present study demonstrates for the first time that @entity7541 facilitates @entity143 -receptor mediated synaptic transmission via   1 receptor, and such facilitation requires PLC/IP3/ @entity6164 signaling pathway. This novel mechanism possibly explains the underlying mechanism for @entity7541 induced addictive potential and other @entity146 side effects.

title: @entity2727 enhances XXXX -receptor response in medial prefrontal cortex via sigma-1 receptor: a novel mechanism for @entity2727 action.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'Ritalin']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the influence of pretreatment pulmonary function (PF) on survival, early and late @entity358 after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early-stage @entity1149 . METHODS: Four hundred eighty-three @entity1 with 505 @entity5 of early-stage @entity1149 cT1-3 cN0 were treated with image-guided SBRT at five international institutions (1998-2010). Sixty-four percent of the @entity5 were biopsy-proven and @entity419 -positron emission tomography was performed for staging in 84%. Image-guided SBRT was performed with a median of three fractions to a median total dose of 54 Gy. Pretreatment PF was available for 423 @entity1 , and 617 posttreatment PF tests from 270 @entity1 were available. RESULTS: A large variability of pretreatment PF was observed: the 90% range of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and diffusing capacity for @entity1223 was 29 to 109% and 5.5 to 19.1 ml/min/mmHg, respectively. PF was significantly correlated with overall survival but not cause-specific survival: diffusing capacity for @entity1223 of 11.2 ml/min/mmHg differentiated between 3-year overall survival of 66% and 42%. Radiation-induced @entity55 grade >= II occurred in 7% of @entity1 and was not increased in @entity1 with lower PF. A significant and progressive change of PF was observed after SBRT: PF decreased by 3.6% and 6.8% on average within 6 and 6 to 24 months after SBRT, respectively. Changes of PF after SBRT were significantly correlated with pretreatment PF: PF improved for worst pretreatment PF and the largest loss was observed for best pretreatment PF. CONCLUSIONS: Image-guided SBRT is safe in terms of acute and chronic @entity358 even for @entity1 with severe pulmonary comorbidities. SBRT should be considered as a curative treatment option for inoperable @entity1 with pretreatment PF as reported in this study.

title: Is there a lower limit of pretreatment pulmonary function for safe and effective stereotactic body radiotherapy for early-stage XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Cytosolic @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) is an important mediator of neuronal signal transduction, participating in diverse biochemical reactions that elicit changes in synaptic efficacy, metabolic rate, and gene transcription. Excessive [ @entity141 ]i also has been implicated as a cause of acute @entity528 , although measurement of [ @entity141 ]i in living neurons by fluorescent @entity460 indicators has not consistently demonstrated a correlation between [ @entity141 ]i and the likelihood of @entity528 after a variety of potentially lethal insults. Using fluorescence videomicroscopy and microinjected @entity460 indicators, we measured [ @entity141 ]i in cultured cortical neurons during intense activation with either @entity143 (300 microM) or @entity140 (450 microM). At these concentrations @entity143 killed >80% of the cultured neurons by the next day, whereas @entity528 from @entity140 was <20%. Using the conventional @entity460 indicator, @entity593 /AM, we estimated [ @entity141 ]i elevations to be approximately 300-400 nM during exposure to either @entity2227 agonist. In contrast, indicators with lower affinity for @entity460 , @entity43925 (BTC), and @entity593 /dextran reported [ @entity141 ]i levels >5 microM during lethal @entity143 exposure, but [ @entity141 ]i levels were <1.5 microM during nonlethal activation of @entity140 receptors or voltage-gated @entity460 channels. @entity593 reported [ @entity141 ]i responses during brief exposure to @entity2227 , @entity143 , @entity140 , @entity4176 , and elevated extracellular K+ between 0.5 and 1 microM. With the use of BTC, only @entity143 and @entity2227 exposures resulted in micromolar [ @entity141 ]i levels. @entity2359 @entity2227 receptor activation is associated with sustained, micromolar [ @entity141 ]i elevation. The widely used @entity460 indicator @entity593 selectively underestimates [ @entity141 ]i, depending on the route of entry, even at levels that appear to be within its range of detection.

title: Ionized intracellular XXXX concentration predicts excitotoxic @entity528 : observations with low-affinity fluorescent @entity460 indicators.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity43925 :: ('MESH:C104515', 'Chemical') :: ['benzothiazole coumarin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury', 'neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotoxic']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2946 has one of the highest rates of @entity3 outside the central nervous system (CNS). Bone @entity3 are the most common lesions, although lymph node and visceral spread have also been reported. OBJECTIVE: To present @entity1 with bone @entity3 in @entity2946 and discuss their radiologic appearances and treatment approach. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1993 to 2008, 82 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2946 were treated at the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia. Three (3.6%) developed extraneural @entity3 (ENM). In primary treatment, @entity1 were treated with surgery, craniospinal radiotherapy with local boost to @entity5 bed, and adjuvant chemotherapy [ @entity11770 ( @entity11770 ) and @entity1891 ]. Of the three @entity1 with ENM, all developed bone @entity3 at the time of relapse. Relapse occurred within 17 to 42 months of initial diagnosis. @entity1 received secondary chemotherapy and palliative radiotherapy to the affected bone in two cases. RESULTS: Among these three @entity1 , case 1 had initially a solitary @entity75 . Case 2 had @entity66 and also bone marrow involvement. Case 3 had multiple mixed @entity75 but later developed lymph node @entity3 and @entity3 to both breasts, as well. All @entity1 were without concurrent CNS involvement at the time of ENM. Unfortunately, after initial partial response, the three @entity1 died at 24, 13, and 18 months after detection of @entity3 , respectively. CONCLUSION: With prolonged survival times in @entity1 with @entity2946 , more emphasis should be placed on the possibility of systemic involvement. A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of the systemic @entity3 may be valuable in designing future, more aggressive multimodal therapy.

title: Bone @entity3 in XXXX --single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse blastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic-sclerotic lesions', 'lytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['CCNU', 'lomustine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: There have been anecdotal reports of an association between @entity66 and @entity302 with cerebral @entity730 that resemble those of the @entity3932 . A series of @entity1 who had @entity302 with @entity730 , in whom @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was incidentally observed, prompted us to study this association. 43 @entity1 (15 male, age range 4.6-30.7 years) were selected from two series. 31 @entity1 with cerebral @entity730 of unexplained origin and @entity302 (series A) underwent intestinal biopsy. 12 @entity1 with @entity66 and @entity302 (series B) underwent computed tomography. Antibodies to gluten, @entity1501 serum concentrations, were measured, and HLA typing was done in most @entity1 . 24 of the series A @entity1 were identified as having @entity66 on the basis of a flat intestinal mucosa (15/22 with a high concentration of serum antigluten), and 5 series B @entity1 showed cerebral @entity730 , giving a total of 29 cases with the combination of @entity730 ( @entity730 ). In 27 of these @entity730 @entity1 , @entity730 were located in the parieto-occipital regions. Only 2 of the series A @entity1 had @entity344 at the time of intestinal biopsy; most @entity1 had recurrent @entity294 , @entity417 , and other symptoms suggestive of @entity66 in the first 3 years of life. The @entity302 in @entity730 @entity1 was poorly responsive to antiepileptic drugs. Gluten-free diet beneficially affected the course of @entity302 only when started soon after @entity302 onset. Cases of "atypical @entity3932 " (characterised by serpiginous cerebral @entity730 and @entity302 without @entity3809 ) should be reviewed, and @entity66 should be ruled out in all cases of @entity302 and cerebral @entity730 of unexplained origin.

title: @entity66 , @entity302 , and cerebral @entity730 . The Italian Working Group on XXXX and @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['CEC', 'CD, epilepsy, and cerebral calcifications', 'calcifications']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['facial port-wine naevus']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Coeliac Disease']


abstract: During the course of 16 years, i. e. from 1953 to 1968 inclusively, a total of 2111 @entity1 with @entity2622 were treated at the Oncological Institute in Brno. Of these, 1829 @entity1 , i. e. 86.6% were irradiated, 282, i. e. 13.4% underwent primarily a radical excision and subsequently were irradiated. During the past years, approximately 95% of all such @entity1 are being given radical irradiation. The mean age is 52.7 years, the sixth decade being numerically the highest in incidence -- 27.4%. The distribution pattern according to the @entity5 stage: I -- 29.3%, II -- 14.3%, III -- 48.2%, IV -- 8.2%. This distribution remained practically unchanged over the follow-up period of 16 years. The fundamental method treatment of practically 87% of all the @entity1 was actinotherapy consisting in a combined application of radium and X-rays. Of the total number of 2111 @entity1 , 1298, i. e. 61.5% have survived 5 years without any symptoms of the disease, 966 @entity1 , i. e. 59.0% (out of a total of 1671 @entity1 ) survived 10 years. The five-year survival symptom-free period for the various stages ia as follows: I -- 82.5%, II -- 77.1%, III -- 52.8% and IV -- 9.8%. A comparison of the results of treatment in @entity1 radically irradiated and those primarily operated upon then subsequently irradiated, i. e. in 619 @entity1 of stage I showed the 5-year recovery to be superior by almost 4% in the former than in the latter group --84.1% as against 80.3%. Over the last 6 years of the follow-up, i. e. 1962--1968, this difference went up to 6.0% in favour of those radically irradiated--85.1% as against 79.2%. An increasing mortality rate due to @entity189 is noted with advancing age.

title: XXXX cervicis uteri. Treatment results from the period 1953--1968.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: The influence of the @entity5 promoter @entity5997 ( @entity5997 ) on cell proliferation and on the @entity10816 ( @entity10816 ) system was assessed in normal and nodular @entity35 livers. DNA replication in vivo was inhibited below the detection level after 8d of dietary @entity5997 treatment of previously unexposed @entity35 . The @entity5997 -induced growth inhibition was accompanied by downregulation of the number of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-binding sites and decreased levels of @entity10816 transcripts, whereas no changes in the @entity18696 ( @entity18696 ) mRNA levels were observed. The persistent liver nodules generated by intermittent @entity5997 -feeding had a 30- to 35-fold higher replicating cell fraction than normal liver. Treatment with @entity5997 in vivo reduced the replicating cell fraction to one third in nodules after 14 d of @entity5997 treatment. The initial @entity10816 mRNA levels and number of EGF binding sites in nodules before @entity5997 administration was about 605 that of control livers and was slightly reduced by @entity5997 feeding. The levels of @entity10816 mRNA after 14 d of @entity5997 feeding were thus similar in the nodules and in the @entity5997 -treated control livers, whereas the fraction of proliferating cells in nodules after the @entity5997 treatment was much larger than in normal liver. The @entity18696 mRNA level in the nodules was found to be 1.4-fold and in malignant @entity157 1.7-fold the level in normal liver. Primary hepatocytes isolated from control livers were four to five times more sensitive to replicative stimulation with EGF than with @entity18696 , whereas nodular cells responded at lower concentrations than control cells and equally well to both EGF and @entity18696 . We conclude that the decreased amounts of @entity10816 in the nodular cells with respect to proliferative stimulation could be more than compensated for by elevated synthesis of @entity18696 combined with an increased @entity18696 sensitivity. Collectively, these changes implicate @entity18696 in sustaining cell proliferation during chemically induced @entity35 @entity409 .

title: Increased expression of and sensitivity to @entity18696 : a promotive role during @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10816 :: ('24329(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomas']

entities_list: @entity5997 :: ('MESH:D015073', 'Chemical') :: ['2-AAF', '2-acetylaminofluorene']

entities_list: @entity18696 :: ('24827(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-alpha', 'transforming growth factor-alpha']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new primary care model for @entity64 aftercare has been developed to address the longer-term needs of @entity1 who have had a @entity64 and their families. AIM: To test the feasibility and acceptability of the new model on @entity1 who have had a @entity64 and their carers. DESIGN OF STUDY: An observational feasibility study. SETTING: @entity1 and carer assessments and interviews conducted in @entity1 ' homes. METHOD: @entity1 who have had a @entity64 , and their carers, were assessed using a purposely developed primary @entity64 model. Qualified health- and social-care professionals acted as @entity64 care coordinators and carried out the assessments. Four evaluations were undertaken as part of the study: analysis of care plans, a survey of unmet needs, focus group sessions for staff, and @entity1 /carer interviews. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 and 21 carers were recruited to the study. Analysis of care plans indicated that the assessment process was successful in identifying @entity1 and carer problems (n = 219). Actions were instigated against 190 of these problems and, at 3 months after the assessment, 75% of the problems had been resolved. @entity1 /carers thought that the review process would be more valuable if conducted sooner after hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: The model was acceptable to professionals, encouraging them to work in a manner more consistent with the expressed needs of @entity1 and carers who were adjusting to the longer-term impact of @entity64 . Essential aspects informing the care process were also identified. Further work is now required to investigate the effects of the intervention on @entity1 and carer outcomes.

title: Feasibility study of a primary care-based model for XXXX aftercare.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['care stroke', 'stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Gastric Plication (LGP) is a new restrictive bariatric surgery, previously introduced by the author. The aim of this study is to explain the modifications and to present the 12-year experience, regarding early and long term results, complications and cost. METHODS: We used LGP for morbid @entity28 during the past 12 years. Anterior plication (10 cases), one-row bilateral plication while right gastroepiploic artery included (42 cases), and excluded from the plication (104 cases) and two-row plication (644 cases). The gastric greater curvature was plicated using 2/0 prolen from fundus at the level of diaphragm preserving the His angle to just proximal to the pylorus. The anatomic and functional volume of stomach was 50cc and 25cc respectively in two-row method. @entity86 also included evaluation of @entity353 , complications, change of diet and control of exercise. RESULTS: LGP was performed in 800 cases (mean age: 27.5, range: 12 to 65 years, nine under 18). Female to male ratio was 81% to 19% and average BMI was 42.1 (35-59). The mean excess @entity353 (EWL) was 70% (40% to 100%) after 24 months and 55% (28% to 100%) after 5 years following surgery. 134 cases (16.7%) did not completed long term follow-up. The average time of follow up was 5 years (1 month to 12 years). 5.5% and 31% of cases complained from weight regain respectively during 4 and 12 years after LGP. The mean time of operation was 72 (49-152) minutes and average hospitalization time was 72 hours (24 hours to 45 days). The cost of operation was 2000   less than gastric banding or sleeve and 2500   less than gastric bypass. Eight @entity1 out of 800 cases (1%) required reoperation due to complications like: micro perforation, obstruction and @entity391 following adhesion of His angle. Other complications included @entity99 , self-limiting @entity548 and hypocalcaemia. CONCLUSION: The percentage of EWL in this technique is comparable to other restrictive methods. The technique is safe with 1.6% complication (1% reoperated), and 31% regain during 12 years. The cost of operation is less than the other methods.

title: Twelve year experience of laparoscopic gastric plication in morbid XXXX : development of the technique and @entity1 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Ordered postop visits']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis pneumonia']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soft-tissue @entity242 of the head and neck are rare. Local recurrence is common, and wide excision is thought to be the mainstay of treatment. @entity954 is limited by the vicinity of vital organs. Improvement of cure rates therefore is expected mainly from combined treatment modalities. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 32 cases of soft-tissue @entity242 on file at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the University of Vienna between 1954 and 1994. RESULTS: The most frequent descriptive histological diagnosis was polymorphic cell @entity242 in 11 cases. An immunohistological verification was possible in seven cases. The larynx and the pharynx (16 percent each) were the most common sites of affection. Incidence peaks were noted in the third and seventh decade of age. Treatment during the 1950s consisted of surgery and/or irradiation and was supplemented from the 1960s on by polychemotherapy. The median survival was 29 months. Three @entity1 are alive, two @entity1 died free of disease and six @entity1 were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Permanent cure was rare but each therapeutic regimen seemed to provide prolongation of life. The most important prognostic factors were @entity5 size, histologic grade, and surgical margins.

title: [Soft tissue XXXX of the ENT area. A report of experiences of the Vienna University ENT Clinic].

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical radicality']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship among the initial choice of therapy, stage at presentation, and first-year treatment costs in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity263 . METHODS: First-year resource use and clinical data were collected for 235 subjects with newly diagnosed @entity263 . The costs were estimated from the standard Medicare payment schedules. The relationship among the initial therapy, stage at presentation, and overall cost was examined for the entire cohort and in the subgroup of @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy. In addition, the inpatient, outpatient, and medication cost components were evaluated separately to determine what influenced the changes in cost by stage. RESULTS: The mean first-year cost of treating @entity263 in CaPSURE was  6375. When broken down by stage, the mean first-year cost for @entity1 with Stage T1c was  5731, with T2a/b was  6426, and with Stage T2c was  6810 (P = 0.059). The initial treatment choice was significantly associated with the total first-year costs (P <0.001). The mean cost specifically for radical prostatectomy @entity1 with Stage T1c disease was  6881, with T2a/b was  7216, and with T2c was  8027 (P = 0.004). The increases in the first-year cost with higher stage appeared to primarily be associated with increased inpatient resource use and the greater use of adjuvant hormonal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The first-year costs of treating @entity263 in CaPSURE are associated with the choice of primary and adjuvant therapy. This supports the notion that cost savings may be possible with earlier detection of disease or by minimizing the use of hormonal adjuvant therapy.

title: Relationship of first-year costs of treating XXXX to initial choice of therapy and stage at diagnosis: results from the CAPSURE database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: Dysfunctions in RNA processing and in particular the aberrant regulation of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have recently been shown to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of @entity179 . Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms involved will require the elucidation of the role(s) played by these RBPs in the general cell metabolism and neuronal survival in particular. In the past, the preferred approach has been to determine first of all the functional properties of the factor(s) of interest and then use this knowledge to determine targets in biologically relevant events. More recently, novel experimental approaches such as microarrays, RNA-seq and CLIP-seq have also become very popular to study RBPs. The advantage of these approaches, collectively known as high throughput screening (HTS), is their ability to determine gene expression changes or RNA/protein targets at a global cellular level. In theory, HTS strategies should be ideal for uncovering novel functional roles/targets of any @entity19845 inside the cell. In practice, however, there are still difficulties in getting a coherent picture from all the huge amount of data they generate, frequently not validated experimentally and thus of unknown value. They may even act unfavorably towards a specific increase of knowledge of @entity19845 functions, as the incomplete results are taken as solid data. In this work we will illustrate as an example the use of the HTS methodologies to characterize the interactions of a specific @entity19845 : @entity529 . The multiple functions of this protein in RNA processing and its involvement in the pathogenesis of several forms of @entity746 , @entity747 and other @entity179 make it an excellent substrate for our analysis of the various advantages and limitations of different HTS experimental approaches.

title: XXXX high throughput screening analyses in neurodegeneration: advantages and pitfalls.

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity529 :: (23435,Gene) :: ['TDP-43']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Around 40% of the elderly population suffer from @entity101 . An effective antihypertensive treatment is therefore required. @entity460 antagonists are used to treat @entity101 because, owing to their mechanism of action, they can provoke systemic, as well as coronary vasodilatation. In this study the authors aimed to evaluate the activity and tolerability of @entity3988 compared to @entity3372 in a group of elderly @entity1 suffering from @entity101 . METHODS: A controlled single-blind study was performed in which @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of two groups, A and B, consisting of 25 @entity1 each, treated respectively with 300 mg sustained-release @entity3988 or 5 mg @entity3372 in a single daily dose. The study lasted 6 months and evaluated systolic and diastolic pressure and heart rate. RESULTS: The evolution was positive in all @entity1 in Group A and most @entity1 in Group B, with the normalisation of both systolic and diastolic values. Heart rate showed a more persistent fall in Group A, but this was expected owing to the mechanism of action of @entity3988 . No @entity1 in Group A had to suspend treatment, whereas one @entity1 in Group B had to interrupt therapy following the onset of a persistent cough. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments resulted in similar changes in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure. In the light of these results, it can be affirmed that, at an oral dose of 300 mg/day, sustained-release @entity3988 was found to be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity101 in the aged.

title: Treatment of XXXX in the elderly with @entity3988 vs @entity3372 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['essential arterial hypertension', 'hypertension', 'arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['arterial hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To inform prospective trials of adjuvant radiation therapy (adj-RT) for @entity150 after radical cystectomy, a locoregional failure (LF) risk stratification was proposed. This stratification was developed and validated using surgical databases that may not reflect the outcomes expected in prospective trials. Our purpose was to assess sources of bias that may affect the stratification model's validity or alter the LF risk estimates for each subgroup: time bias due to evolving surgical techniques; trial accrual bias due to inclusion of @entity1 who would be ineligible for adj-RT trials because of early disease progression, @entity204 , or loss to follow-up shortly after cystectomy; bias due to different statistical methods to estimate LF; and subgrouping bias due to different definitions of the LF subgroups. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The LF risk stratification was developed using a single-institution cohort (n=442, 1990-2008) and the multi-institutional SWOG 8710 cohort (n=264, 1987-1998) treated with radical cystectomy with or without chemotherapy. We evaluated the sensitivity of the stratification to sources of bias using Fine-Gray regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: Year of radical cystectomy was not associated with LF risk on univariate or multivariate analysis after controlling for risk group. By use of more stringent inclusion criteria, 26 SWOG @entity1 (10%) and 60 @entity1 from the single-institution cohort (14%) were excluded. Analysis of the remaining @entity1 confirmed 3 subgroups with significantly different LF risks with 3-year rates of 7%, 17%, and 36%, respectively (P<.01), nearly identical to the rates without correcting for trial accrual bias. Kaplan-Meier techniques estimated higher subgroup LF rates than competing risk analysis. The subgroup definitions used in the NRG-GU001 adj-RT trial were validated. CONCLUSIONS: These sources of bias did not invalidate the LF risk stratification or substantially change the model's LF estimates.

title: Validating a Local Failure Risk Stratification for Use in Prospective Studies of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity362 is a rare benign fat-forming soft tissue @entity5 that differentiates similar to brown fat, hence an origin from remnants of fetal brown adipose tissue has been proposed. Mainly young adults are affected, usually without significant clinical symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report on four @entity1 with @entity362 , who were treated at our hospital during the last 10 years. The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features are presented and treatment and follow-up data discussed. RESULTS: @entity1 were 2 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 aged 21-67 years (mean: 45 yrs) who presented with a slowly growing, painless mass. The anatomic location was the thigh, upper arm, lateral thoracic wall and paravertebral soft tissue. Two of them were diagnosed preoperatively through a percutaneous core needle biopsy and the other two underwent surgery because of high clinical and radiological suspicion of @entity1821 . The @entity5 's size ranged from 7 cm to 15.5 cm (mean: 11 cm). All were @entity2695 . Histologically, all four @entity5 were of the typical variant. All @entity1 underwent a R0-surgical resection of the @entity5 and they were recurrence-free at last follow-up (mean: 47 months; range: 25-87). CONCLUSION: @entity362 may present as huge deep intramuscular soft tissue mass in adults, closely mimicking well differentiated @entity1821 and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity8650 in any location. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The @entity5 has no malignant or recurrence potential.

title: Deep-seated huge @entity362 of soft tissue: a rare differential diagnosis of atypical @entity5 /well differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['deep-seated subfascial intramuscular masses']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['Hibernoma', 'hibernomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['fatty soft tissue tumors']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['liposarcoma']


abstract: @entity656 can develop in @entity1 with @entity1457 due to the underlying diseases, surgical interventions or because of severe hypoperfusion. The aim of our work was to study the histological alterations of the pancreas in @entity1 dying after cardiogenic, @entity3485 or @entity326 , to demonstrate the presence and severity of @entity660 . We performed a retrospective study which included @entity1 who died and who were autopsied after different types of @entity1457 , hospitalized between 2007-2009 in general and cardiac intensive care units. We excluded the @entity1 with known @entity660 . From 223 @entity1 included in our study 39 presented @entity4685 hemorrhagic alteration of the pancreatic tissue. There were no differences in histological and immunohistochemical findings between the different etiopathogenetic types of @entity1457 . None of the @entity1 had characteristic clinical signs for acute @entity788 . The digestive symptoms, they presented, could be related to the underlying disease or to postoperative state. The common findings in these @entity1 were prolonged and severe @entity551 , associated @entity8 , leucocytosis, @entity4854 and @entity3747 . @entity788 can occur in @entity1 with @entity1457 , due to prolonged hypoperfusion of the pancreas. It is difficult to diagnose it because clinical signs are altered due to severity of underlying disease or analgo-sedation commonly used in intensive care. We therefore recommend in @entity1 with @entity1457 to consider the possible development of @entity63 for prompt and efficient treatment.

title: Clinico-pathological particularities of the @entity1457 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury', 'pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4685 :: ('MESH:D009187', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 -directed therapies for metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 (mCRPC) are approved to prolong life, but their effects on symptoms such as @entity158 are less well understood as a result of the lack of analytically valid assessments of @entity158 prevalence and severity, clinically meaningful definitions of therapeutic benefit, and methodologic standards of trial conduct. This study establishes @entity158 characteristics in the mCRPC population using a PRO measure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity263 participated in an anonymous survey at five US comprehensive @entity5 centers in the @entity263 Clinical Trials Consortium that incorporated the Brief @entity158 Inventory (BPI), analgesic use, and interference with daily activities. Prevalence and severity of @entity5 and analgesic use were tabulated according to castration-resistant status and exposure to @entity1205 chemotherapy. RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-one @entity1 with @entity263 participated, of whom 147 had mCRPC involving bone (61% [89 of 147] @entity1205 exposed, 39% [58 of 147] @entity1205 naive). @entity158 of any level was more common among @entity1205 -exposed versus @entity1205 -naive @entity1 with mCRPC (70% [62 of 89] v 38% [22 of 58], respectively; P<.001). BPI score>= 4 was reported by 38% (34 of 89) of @entity1205 -pretreated and 24% (14 of 58) of @entity1205 -naive @entity1 with mCRPC; 40% of these @entity1 with @entity158 intensity>= 4 reported no current narcotic analgesic. CONCLUSION: @entity158 prevalence and severity were higher in @entity1 with prior @entity1205 exposure. Analgesics were underutilized. These results provide a method for estimating accruals along the disease continuum, and for enabling design of trials appropriately powered to assess @entity158 .

title: Prevalence of @entity158 and analgesic use in @entity1 with @entity263 using a XXXX -reported outcome measure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Contemporary tumor', 'cancer-related pain', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity1707 weighing 80 to 85 kg were fed a basal @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal diet plus a mixture of @entity12039 and @entity2388 (3:1) ( @entity38398 ) or @entity10806 (control), a @entity413 polymer, as 3.85% of calories (4% of the diet). Twenty-four @entity1707 were pair-fed the @entity38398 mixture or control diet for 28 d in litter-mate pairs of the same sex. Weight gain and feed consumption were recorded and carcasses were evaluated for fat and muscle accretion. The right rear leg and rear one-third of the right loin were skinned, deboned, ground and analyzed for protein, fat, moisture and ash content. Average backfat depth and backfat depth at the first, last and 10th rib were reduced by 12, 15, 14 and 12% (P less than .01), respectively, in @entity38398 -fed @entity1707 . Loin eye area and untrimmed lean cuts were not altered by diet, but percentage trimmed lean cuts was higher (P less than .02) in @entity38398 -fed @entity1707 (57.6 vs 55.3%). Leg and loin tissue samples from @entity1707 fed the @entity38398 mixture had a lower (P less than .01) percentage of fat and a corresponding increased (P less than .01) percentage of protein. Organ weights and the blood biochemical profile were not altered by @entity38398 feeding. Liver function tests were not altered in animals consuming the trioses, except for an 18% decrease (P less than .05) in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Ingestion of @entity12039 and @entity2388 will reduce body fat in limit-fed @entity1707 without reducing muscle protein deposition.

title: Reduction of carcass fat in @entity1707 with dietary addition of XXXX and @entity2388 .

entities_list: @entity12039 :: ('MESH:D004098', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyacetone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity12039 :: (MESH:D004098,Chemical) :: ['dihydroxyacetone']


abstract: The @entity27061 gene encodes an essential @entity4357 ( @entity4357 ) transfer protein required for formation of Golgi-derived secretory vesicles in @entity375 . Suppressor mutations that rescue temperature-sensitive @entity27061 mutants provide an approach for determining the role of @entity27061 in secretion. One suppressor, @entity38560 -22, causes accumulation of @entity1076 . @entity38560 encodes a phosphatase that can hydrolyze @entity1076 and certain other @entity4357 . These findings suggest that @entity1076 is limiting in @entity27061 cells and that elevation of @entity1076 production can suppress the secretory defect. Correspondingly, we found that @entity1076 levels were decreased significantly in @entity27061 -3 mutants shifted to 37 degrees C and that @entity27061 -3 cells could grow at an otherwise nonpermissive temperature (34 degrees C) when carrying a plasmid overexpressing @entity38561 , encoding one of two essential PtdIns 4-kinases. This effect is specific because overexpression of the other PtdIns 4-kinase gene ( @entity38562 ) or a PtdIns 3-kinase gene ( @entity38563 ) did not rescue @entity27061 -3 cells. To further address @entity38561 function in secretion, two different @entity38561 (ts) mutants were examined. Upon shift to restrictive temperature (37 degrees C), the @entity1076 levels dropped by about 60% in both @entity38561 (ts) strains within 1 h. During the same period, cells displayed a reduction (40-50%) in release of a secreted enzyme (invertase). However, similar treatment did not effect maturation of a vacuolar enzyme (carboxypeptidase Y). These findings indicate that, first, @entity1076 limitation is a major contributing factor to the secretory defect in @entity27061 cells; second, @entity27061 function is coupled to the action of @entity38561 , and; third, @entity1076 has an important role in the Golgi-to-plasma membrane stage of secretion.

title: Direct involvement of XXXX in secretion in the @entity375 @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositides', 'phosphatidylinositol', 'PtdIns']

answer: @entity1076 :: (MESH:C037178,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate']


abstract: The role of regulators controlling the G1/S transition of the cell cycle was analyzed during neuronal apoptosis in post-mitotic cerebellar granule cells in an attempt to identify common mechanisms of control with transformed cells. @entity12003 and its associated kinase activity @entity19087 ( @entity19087 ) are major regulators of the G1/S transition. Whereas @entity12003 is the regulatory subunit of the complex, @entity19087 represents the catalytic domain that, once activated, will phosphorylate downstream targets such as the @entity995 protein, allowing cell-cycle progression. Apoptosis was induced in @entity35 cerebellar granule cells by depleting @entity972 in presence of serum. Western-blot analyses were performed and protein kinase activities were measured. As apoptosis proceeded, loss in cell viability was coincident with a significant increase in @entity12003 protein levels, whereas @entity19087 expression remained essentially constant. Synchronized to @entity12003 accumulation, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity5447 drastically dropped to 20% normal values. @entity12003 / @entity19087 -dependent kinase activity increased early during apoptosis, reaching a maximum at 9-12 h and decreasing to very low levels by 48 h. @entity12002 , a major downstream target of @entity12003 , decreased concomitantly to the reduction in @entity12003 / @entity19087 -dependent kinase activity. We suggest that neuronal apoptosis takes place through functional alteration of proteins involved in the control of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Thus, apoptosis in post-mitotic neurons could result from a failed attempt to re-enter cell cycle in response to extracellular conditions affecting cell viability and it could involve mechanisms similar to those that promote proliferation in transformed cells.

title: XXXX -induced apoptosis in @entity35 cerebellar granule cells involves cell-cycle blockade at the G1/S transition.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: The @entity750 selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have clinically and ancedotally been associated with @entity390 and @entity353 as a side effect of their action. The tricyclic antidepressants have been linked to @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) craving and @entity1017 in @entity1 with major @entity308 . This side effect has been attributed to the strong anti-histaminergic actions of these agents and is recognized as a causal factor of non-compliance in a substantial percentage of @entity1 . @entity435 craving is an important feature and complication of the treatment of @entity308 and is often ignored. A total of 18 @entity1 were treated with the SSRI @entity837 in our @entity1316 clinic. In eight cases there was a significant increase in @entity435 craving together with @entity1017 shortly after initiation of treatment. The craving for @entity435 took on a phasic presentation. These cases are presented, together with data on the change in mood and @entity148 symptom rating scales. Our observations appear paradoxical, given that @entity750 ( @entity750 ) typically mediates a reduction in @entity435 intake and that @entity837 displays potent and select @entity750 -enchancing actions. However, the receptor binding profile of @entity837 may predict a risk for inducing this adverse event. These, together with serotonergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic and other possible mechanisms are discussed. A profound influence on @entity1 acceptability was observed, suggesting that the impact on compliance needs to be considered.

title: Phasic craving for @entity1735 observed with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['citalopram']


abstract: The use and production of multi-walled @entity505 nanotubes (MWCNTs) have significantly increased over the last decade due to their versatility in numerous applications. Their unique physical and chemical properties make them desirable for various biomedical applications, but the same properties also raise concerns about their safety to @entity1 health, particularly at the cellular level. The vascular endothelium could be exposed to nanomaterials either by direct intravenous administration in nanomedicine or by translocation following inhalational exposure in an occupational setting. We hypothesized that direct exposure to MWCNTs will increase the expression of inflammatory markers in @entity1 aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). We also investigated the effect of the route of exposure on activation by changing the suspension medium of the MWCNTs. HAEC were treated in vitro with MWCNTs (1 or 10  g/cm(2)) suspended in either cell culture medium [(M)-MWCNTs] or 10% clinical grade pulmonary surfactant [(S)-MWCNTs]. The zeta potential of the (S)-MWCNTs was significantly more negative than the (M)-MWCNTs suggesting a more stable suspension. Treatment of HAEC with (S)-MWCNTs; as compared to (M)-MWCNTs resulted in a significantly higher up-regulation of mRNA transcripts for cell adhesion molecules @entity4725 , @entity4105 , @entity2071 and the chemokine @entity2842 . Time dependent changes in @entity4725 and @entity2842 protein levels were confirmed by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and ELISA. A label free quantitative mass spectrometry proteomic analysis was utilized to compare protein expression patterns between the two suspensions of MWCNTs. We identified significant expression changes in >200 unique proteins in MWCNT treated HAEC. However, the two suspensions of MWCNTs resulted in different protein expression patterns with the @entity15204 pathway as the only common pathway identified between the two suspensions. These data suggest that direct exposure to MWCNTs induces acute inflammatory and protein expression changes in HAEC, which is influenced by the type of media used for suspension of MWCNTs and their resulting zeta potential.

title: Multi-walled @entity505 nanotube directed gene and protein expression in cultured XXXX aortic endothelial cells is influenced by suspension medium.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: On the basis of the criteria of the International @entity10 Society (IHS) @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) is classed among the primary @entity10 . The independent @entity10 are characterized with the type of @entity10 and with the concomitant symptoms. Among the independent @entity10 @entity2701 has the highest prevalence (38.3%). The prevalence which is the highest between the age of 30 and 39, in @entity1 is higher (46,9%) than is @entity1 (42.3%). The diagnosis of @entity2701 is not automatically mean the diagnosis of @entity308 . @entity308 can occur as a comorbid disease. In episodic @entity2701 the prevalence of @entity308 is 32%, while in chronic @entity2701 it is 40%. The prophylactic treatment of @entity1 suffering from chronic @entity2701 has not been solved yet. On the basis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study @entity13332 is said to be a good opportunity in the treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity2701 , as it improved the status of the @entity1 with 34% (AUC: Area Under the @entity10 Curve calculated from the product of the period and the intensity of @entity10 ), moreover @entity13332 decreased the frequency, intensity and duration of @entity10 as well. The favourable effects of @entity13332 is explained beyond its serotonergic and noradrenergic dual mode of action with its antinociceptive effects which is presumably fulfilled via 3-opioid receptors.

title: [Effects of XXXX in @entity1 with chronic @entity2701 . Literature review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache', 'TTH']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches', 'headache diseases', 'headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity13332 :: (MESH:C035133,Chemical) :: ['mirtazapine']


abstract: Leukocyte recruitment to the pregnant @entity19 uterus is associated with highly regulated patterns of expression of vascular adhesion receptors. One striking observation is the localized expression of mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule ( @entity37196 ) and selectin, platelet ( @entity26652 , formerly P-selectin) by maternal vessels in the vascular zone (VZ) during the first half of pregnancy. From midgestation onwards, endothelial cells lining the maternal vessels of the VZ in addition express @entity6580 ( @entity6580 ). The predominant cell population within these vessels is monocyte-like cells. Granulocytes and low numbers of lymphocytes are also present. @entity19 fetal trophoblast cells are almost devoid of adhesion molecules, including @entity26652 . In contrast, spontaneous abortions of allogeneic pregnancies are characterized by dramatic upregulation of @entity26652 on maternal VZ vessels and on fetal trophoblast cells. Upregulation of @entity26652 is associated with a dramatic influx of highly activated granulocytes, which infiltrate the vessels and tissue of the VZ and the trophoblast. The majority of the activated granulocytes within the trophoblast undergo nuclear fragmentation, which can be detected by TUNEL staining. To demonstrate that @entity26652 is involved in the recruitment of granulocytes to the pregnant uterus, we undertook long-term in vivo inhibition studies using a monoclonal antibody to inhibit the contribution of @entity26652 to leukocyte trafficking to the decidua. In addition, the pregnant uteri of syngeneic @entity26652 (-/-) x @entity26652 (-/-) @entity19 were investigated and compared to the controls. Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of @entity26652 for granulocyte access to the pregnant @entity19 uterus under physiological and pathological conditions.

title: Selectin, platelet plays a critical role in granulocyte access to the pregnant XXXX uterus under physiological and pathological conditions.

entities_list: @entity6580 :: ('22329(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['VCAM1', 'vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Bar displacement remains the most common complication of the @entity1408 ( @entity1408 ). To date, no studies show results from 12 years' experience using a bar fixation technique with only absorbable sutures. Our aim is to show how to stabilize the bar using a modified approach for bar fixation. A retrospective review of 68 @entity1 , who underwent @entity1408 or the minor open videoendoscopic assisted repair of pectus excavatum, was performed. To stabilize the pectus bar, both wings of the pectus bar were tied to the ribs in 52 @entity1 with circumcostal absorbable sutures using a Deschamps needle under endoscopic survey and in 16 @entity1 with lateral stabilizers. The stability of pectus bar after the operation was assessed by lateral chest X-ray films and classified as being perfect, incomplete, or poor. No complications were observed in the perioperative period with the circumcostal suture technique. Lateral chest X-rays showed an excellent position of the pectus bar in 50 @entity1 , incomplete position in 1, and poor position in another @entity1 . Our technique seems to be effective in preventing @entity1129 following pectus excavatum repair. It does not add any significant cost or time to the operation, and it is fairly simple to perform.

title: How to avoid pectus bar dislocation in the XXXX or MOVARPE technique: results of 12 years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['MIRPE', 'minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['bar displacement']

answer: @entity1408 :: (MESH:D005660,Disease) :: ['MIRPE']


abstract: Between 1967 and 1988, 22 @entity1 were treated at The Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) for localized (stage IE) @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) presenting with spinal extradural compression. The median age of the @entity1 was 55 years (range 18-76). Back @entity158 (20 @entity1 ) and @entity425 (18 @entity1 ) were the commonest complaints at presentation. Seven @entity1 (30%) were @entity4764 (paraplegic or severely paretic) and four had imparied sphincter function. @entity4812 (12 cases) was the commonest histology. All @entity1 initially had laminectomy decompression and were referred to PMH post-operatively. One @entity1 (with coincident metastatic @entity0 ) was treated palliatively. The remaining 21 @entity1 received radical post-operative treatment: radiation therapy (XRT) alone in 12 cases (25-45 Gy), radiation therapy plus systemic combination chemotherapy (combined modality therapy, CMT) in 9 cases. The overall actuarial survival for the radically treated @entity1 was 55% at 10 years and there was a significant difference (p = 0.037) between those treated by XRT alone (33%) and those who received CMT (86%). Only one @entity1 from each treatment group failed locally but the distant recurrence-free survival for the XRT group was 32% compared to 100% for the CMT group (p = 0.017). One @entity1 developed primary central nervous system (CNS) relapse. The functional results of treatment were excellent: 19 of the 21 radically treated @entity1 regained or retained normal ambulatory status and the remaining two @entity1 had only minor disability. Decompressive surgery and radiotherapy for localized @entity706 ensures a high rate of local control and functional recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Localized @entity706 : survival, relapse pattern and functional outcome. The Princess Margaret XXXX Group.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['extradural lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['leg weakness']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['non-ambulatory']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Hospital Lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and @entity137 of the combination of two cytotoxic compounds that are active as single agents in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) and @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) was investigated in a multicenter, community-based setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two consecutive cohorts of chemonaive @entity1 with stages IIIA/B and IV @entity1149 received two dose levels of @entity1311 . The first cohort received 200 mg/m2 over 3 hours ( @entity2033 ) and the second cohort 175 mg/m2 over 3 hours (LD) in combination with a fixed dose of @entity3003 . The dose of @entity3003 was calculated according to the Calvert formula with an area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) value of 6 mg/ml/minute. The @entity3003 clearance, calculated by the Chatelut formula rather than the glomerulation filtration rate (GFR) +25, was introduced into the Calvert formula. The eligibility criteria were identical for both cohorts throughout the study. Treatment was administered every three weeks. The study endpoints were response rate (RR), @entity137 , @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and survival (S). RESULTS: One hundred and thirty consecutive eligible @entity1 from 36 Belgian institutions were fully evaluable for all study parameters (99 in the @entity2033 and 31 in the LD cohort). Myelosuppression was the most prominent side-effect of treatment with comparable results for both cohorts. The worst grade 3-4 @entity1210 and @entity1398 per @entity1 in the @entity2033 versus LD cohort was 34.4 vs 19.3% and 59.2 vs 51.6%, respectively. 10.4% of @entity1 in the @entity2033 cohort required hospitalisation for @entity1398 (6.2% with and 4.2% without documented @entity2348 ), while in the LD cohort the respective figures were 13.7, 10.3 and 3.4%. The most prominent non-hematologic @entity137 were @entity1665 and @entity305 , with no major difference between the @entity2033 and LD cohort (grade 2 @entity1665 in 78.1 vs. 83.9% and grade 3 @entity16 in 14.3 vs. 9.7%, respectively). The overall best clinical RR was 31 out of 130 (23.8%) with one complete (CR) and 30 partial responses (PR). The respective RR in the @entity2033 and LD cohort was 23.2 and 25.8%. Median @entity1054 and S for all @entity1 was 120 and 248 days, with no apparent difference between the @entity2033 and the LD cohort (119 and 254 versus 128 and 222, respectively). The one year survival was 34% in the @entity2033 cohort. The 95% confidence intervals for efficacy and @entity137 parameters overlapped in both cohorts. CONCLUSION: In this multicenter study, the combination of @entity1311 and @entity3003 produced a moderate RR of 23.8% in stages IIIA/B _ IV @entity1149 . The therapy was generally well tolerated at both doses of @entity1311 . Myelosuppression, @entity2359 and @entity1665 were the major therapy-related side-effects. The differences between the two @entity1311 dose cohorts with respect to activity and @entity137 were minimal. The use of the Chatelut formula to calculate the @entity3003 clearance is feasible, but might have lead to the apparent excess in myelotoxicity in our study compared to other studies which used other methods for estimating renal function.

title: Multi-center study of two dose levels of @entity1311 with XXXX in locally advanced and metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time to progression', 'TTP']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: @entity521 is a childhood @entity5 of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. The pathogenesis has for a long time been quite enigmatic, as only very few gene defects were identified in this often lethal @entity5 . Frequently detected gene alterations are limited to @entity4180 amplification (20%) and ALK activations (7%). Here we present a whole-genome sequence analysis of 87 @entity521 of all stages. Few recurrent @entity535 -changing mutations were found. In contrast, analysis of structural defects identified a local shredding of chromosomes, known as chromothripsis, in 18% of high-stage @entity521 . These @entity5 are associated with a poor outcome. Structural alterations recurrently affected @entity43827 , @entity24115 and @entity32827 , which are involved in neuronal growth cone stabilization. In addition, @entity8171 , @entity29285 and a series of regulators of the Rac/Rho pathway were mutated, further implicating defects in neuritogenesis in @entity521 . @entity5 with defects in these genes were @entity146 , but did not carry @entity4180 amplifications. The genomic landscape of @entity521 therefore reveals two novel molecular defects, chromothripsis and neuritogenesis gene alterations, which frequently occur in high-risk @entity5 .

title: Sequencing of XXXX identifies chromothripsis and defects in neuritogenesis genes.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive high-stage neuroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Most tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Solid organ recipients have a substantial risk of developing @entity150 , with high-risk non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) being the most frequent diagnosis. Theoretically, adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) therapy is contraindicated, but limited data indicate its feasibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BCG following solid organ transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the data of four solid organ recipients who received adjuvant BCG for high-risk NMIBC at our institution. Additionally, individual data of 12 @entity1 were extracted from case series and case reports, which were identified through a systematic review of the literature. A meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 (88   %) had received a kidney, one a heart, and one a liver transplant. The median time from transplantation to @entity150 was 60.5 months. The regimen of immunosuppression was not modified in 12 @entity1 (75   %). Forty-two percent of @entity1 did not receive prophylactic antibiotics, and 70   % had no side effects. Ten @entity1 (63   %) experienced recurrence after a median of 14 months. Progression to muscle-invasive or metastatic disease was observed in two @entity1 (13   %). Four @entity1 (25   %) underwent radical cystectomy, and two @entity1 died of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: BCG therapy is a safe option for @entity1 with high-risk NMIBC following solid organ transplantation. However, there is a substantial risk of recurrence and progression. Urologists and @entity1 considering BCG therapy should be aware of this and may consider early cystectomy. There is no evidence to support the need for prophylactic antibiotics.

title: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin instillation therapy for non-muscle-invasive XXXX following solid organ transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: A severe burn leads to @entity2495 and catabolism resulting in compromised function and structure of essential organs. The massive release of cytokines is implicated in this hypermetabolic response. The aim of the present study was to compare cytokine expression profiles from severely burned @entity1 without signs of @entity281 or @entity130 (n = 19) to the cytokine profiles from normal, noninfected, nonburned @entity1 (n = 14). The Bio-Plex suspension array system was used to measure the concentration of 17 cytokines. The expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was maximal during the first week after @entity130 . Significant increases were measured for 15 mediators during the first week after @entity130 : @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity3646 , @entity225 , @entity650 , @entity6977 , @entity687 , @entity688 , IL-12 p70, @entity4047 , @entity4155 , @entity379 , @entity2842 , @entity13468 , and @entity1261 (P < 0.05). @entity2841 was significantly increased during the second week after burn (P < 0.05). Within 5 weeks, the serum concentrations of most cytokines decreased, approaching normal levels. When compared with the cytokine levels measured in normal @entity1 , a total of 16 cytokines were significantly altered (P < 0.05). After severe burn, a specific cytokine expression profile is observed in @entity1 without complications such as @entity130 or @entity295 . The cytokine concentrations decrease during 5 weeks after burn but remain elevated over nonburned values. Furthermore, the elevation in most serum cytokine levels during the first week after burn may indicate a potential window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention.

title: Cytokine expression profile over time in severely burned pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL) 1beta']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein 1']

entities_list: @entity13468 :: ('9560', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury', 'inhalation injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Three stimuli, elevated temperature, @entity273 and @entity7400 , were compared for their ability to induce @entity1457 responses in @entity8416 muscle larvae (L1). In vitro effectiveness of each 'stressor' was evaluated by viability score, protein content and levels of hsp90, hsp70 and hsp60. Detection of the respective @entity1457 was done by Western blotting and the @entity1457 and quantitation of the immunoblots by image analysis. Exposure of L1 to elevated temperature (e.g. 45 degrees C, 2 h) had no measurable effect. However, exposure to @entity273 resulted in the induction of constitutive and higher mol. wt @entity1457 . In these experiments, @entity1457 protein induction correlated strongly with other damage parameters, including @entity393 and increased mortality. Larvae stored in the presence of @entity7400 showed no signs of damage. These data indicate that when L1 suffer damage through the action of stimuli, enhancement of @entity1457 protein production and damage suffered are causally related.

title: In vitro stress response to elevated temperature, @entity273 and @entity7400 in XXXX muscle larvae.

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['Trichinella spiralis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat-shock proteins', 'heat-shock']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of viability']

answer: @entity8416 :: (6334,Species) :: ['Trichinella spiralis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4841 , skeletal and @entity925 have been reported in postmenopausal @entity1 under treatment with third generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, the pathogenesis and anatomic correlate of @entity4512 have not been thoroughly evaluated. Moreover, the impact of AI-induced musculoskeletal symptoms on normal daily functioning needs to be further explored. @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined 12 consecutive non-metastatic @entity0 @entity1 who reported severe @entity4512 under a third generation AI; 11 were on @entity4672 and 1 on @entity17082 . Clinical rheumatological examination and serum biochemistry were performed. Radiological evaluation of the hand/wrist joints were performed using ultrasound (US) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: The most common reported symptom was severe early morning @entity2693 and hand/wrist @entity158 causing impaired ability to completely close/stretch the hand/fingers and to perform daily activities and work-related skills. Six @entity1 had to discontinue treatment due to severe symptoms. Trigger finger and @entity923 were the most frequently reported clinical signs. US showed fluid in the @entity1319 surrounding the @entity1795 . On MRI, an enhancement and thickening of the @entity1319 was a constant finding in all 12 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4512 in @entity0 @entity1 under third generation AIs can be severe, debilitating, and can limit compliance. Characteristic tenosynovial, and in some @entity1 joint changes on US and MRI were observed in this series and have not been reported before.

title: Debilitating @entity4512 and @entity2693 with @entity4672 and XXXX : associated tenosynovial changes on magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain', 'musculoskeletal pains', 'Musculoskeletal pains']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['digital flexor tendons']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['exemestane']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['Arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['tendon sheath']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity17082 :: (MESH:C056516,Chemical) :: ['exemestane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between @entity2208 and @entity683 vaccine receipt with a case-control study utilizing data from six health care organizations in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. METHODS: @entity1 aged 18-44 years with @entity2208 during the autumn of 2005 or 2006 were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Cases of @entity2208 at 5-16 weeks of gestation were confirmed by medical record review; date of fetal demise was based on ultrasound information when available. Control group individuals with a live birth were individually matched to case group individuals by health care organization and date of last menstrual period (LMP). The primary exposure of interest was @entity683 vaccination during the 28 days preceding the date of @entity2208 of the matched pair. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for maternal age, health care utilization, maternal @entity6 , and parity. RESULTS: Our final analysis included 243 @entity1 with @entity2208 and 243 matched control group @entity1 ; 82% of @entity1 with @entity2208 had ultrasound confirmation of fetal demise. Using clinical diagnosis and ultrasound data, the mean gestational age at fetal demise was 7.8 weeks. Mean ages at LMP of case group @entity1 and control group @entity1 were 31.7 and 29.3 years, respectively (P<.001). Sixteen @entity1 with @entity2208 (7%) and 15 (6%) matched control group @entity1 received @entity683 vaccine within the 28-day exposure window. There was no association between @entity2208 and @entity683 vaccination in the 28-day exposure window (adjusted matched odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 0.53-2.89; P=.63). CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant increase in the risk of @entity393 in the 4 weeks after seasonal inactivated @entity683 vaccination. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Trivalent inactivated @entity683 vaccine and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['spontaneous abortion']


abstract: To study the involvement of the IGFs in mammary development and lactation of the @entity291 , the temporal expressions of @entity21659 ( @entity12305 ), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs)-1 to -6 and @entity7036 ( @entity7036 ) mRNA were examined. This was carried out for different stages of mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactopoiesis and involution in the @entity291 mammary gland of 26 animals. Furthermore, @entity4208 was localised by immunohistochemistry. The highest mRNA concentrations for @entity4208 were detected in the mammary tissue of late pregnant heifers (days 255-272) and significantly lower expression was detected during lactogenesis and galactopoiesis. Immunohistochemistry of @entity4208 revealed only a weak staining in the epithelium of the ducts during mammogenesis. The epithelium of the alveoli were negative during mammogenesis, lactogenesis and galactopoiesis but displayed distinct @entity4208 activity during involution. In the stroma a distinct staining of the cytoplasm of adipocytes and of vascular smooth muscle cells was observed. A certain percentage of fibroblasts (usually 20-30%) were also immunopositive. In contrast, highest expression for @entity12305 was detected during galactopoiesis and involution. The lowest mRNA concentration for @entity12305 was found during pregnancy (days 194-213). In general, the expression of @entity12304 was not regulated during mammogenesis and lactation, but decreased during involution. The mRNA for the six binding proteins was detected in the @entity291 mammary gland. The dominant binding proteins were @entity42772 . The highest expression of @entity37644 was observed during mid-pregnancy and the lowest during late lactation, involution and in non-pregnant heifers. The mRNA for @entity34128 increased during late mammogenesis and lactogenesis followed by a decrease thereafter. In general, the mRNA concentrations for @entity42773 were barely detectable during all stages. In contrast, the expression for @entity41083 was upregulated in the mammary gland of virgin heifers and increased around the onset of lactation. mRNA for @entity7036 was found during all stages examined without outstanding fluctuations. In conclusion, locally produced @entity21659 may mediate mammogenesis. The high mammary @entity12305 mRNA during lactation suggests a role for peripheral @entity4208 in maintenance of lactation. The role of IGFBPs in the mammary gland needs further evaluation.

title: The expression of the IGF family and @entity7036 in the XXXX mammary gland.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This is the first randomized trial comparing virtual reality exposure therapy to in vivo exposure for @entity148 . METHOD: @entity1 with a principal diagnosis of @entity148 who identified public speaking as their primary fear (N = 97) were recruited from the community, resulting in an ethnically diverse sample (M age = 39 years) of mostly @entity1 (62%). @entity1 were randomly assigned to and completed 8 sessions of manualized virtual reality exposure therapy, exposure group therapy, or wait list. Standardized self-report measures were collected at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 12-month follow-up, and process measures were collected during treatment. A standardized speech task was delivered at pre- and posttreatment, and diagnostic status was reassessed at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance showed that, relative to wait list, @entity1 completing either active treatment significantly improved on all but one measure (length of speech for exposure group therapy and self-reported fear of negative evaluation for virtual reality exposure therapy). At 12-month follow-up, @entity1 showed significant improvement from pretreatment on all measures. There were no differences between the active treatments on any process or outcome measure at any time, nor differences on achieving partial or full remission. CONCLUSION: Virtual reality exposure therapy is effective for treating social fears, and improvement is maintained for 1 year. Virtual reality exposure therapy is equally effective as exposure group therapy; further research with a larger sample is needed, however, to better control and statistically test differences between the treatments.

title: Virtual reality exposure therapy for XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'Participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['social anxiety disorder']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['social anxiety disorder']


abstract: Although controversy exists in the management of locally advanced @entity957 of the @entity135 (LA-SCCHN), clinicians often use induction chemotherapy for treatment of the most advanced cases. One promising regimen combines weekly cetuximab (400 mg/m(2) loading dose followed by 250 mg/m(2)) with @entity3003 (AUC of 2) and @entity1311 (90 mg/m(2)). We retrospectively evaluated @entity1 treated with this regimen prior to definitive chemoradiation or surgery between May 2008 and December 2011. The primary endpoint used for this retrospective analysis was feasibility. Thirty consecutive, unselected @entity1 were included. Median follow-up was 13.7 months (range, 5.0-38.7 months). All but one @entity1 had stage IV SCCHN. Dose intensity was high for @entity3003 (92%), @entity1311 (93%) and cetuximab (85%). Grade 3-4 @entity137 occurred in <7% of the study population and were limited to @entity1910 , @entity1398 and infusion reactions. Response rate (RR) to induction chemotherapy was 97% (30% complete response, 67% partial response). All @entity1 completed subsequent chemoradiotherapy or surgery. Nineteen @entity1 (63%) demonstrated a complete response and 11 @entity1 (37%) demonstrated a partial response. Median overall survival and progression-free survival data are not yet mature. The RR to therapy in our off-protocol experience is at least comparable to that observed in the two phase II studies of this regimen and appears superior to that observed with @entity1205 , @entity900 and @entity1487 (TPF).

title: Induction chemotherapy with cetuximab, @entity3003 and @entity1311 for the treatment of locally advanced @entity957 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the putative mechanisms for the salutary effects of beta-blockers in @entity1 with @entity712 is their ability to improve @entity5433 . However, @entity1 with profound @entity854 derive little survival benefit from beta-blockers. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of beta-blockers on heart rate variability in decompensated @entity712 . METHODS: Time and frequency domain heart rate variability indices were obtained from 24-h Holter recordings and compared to assess the role of beta-blockade in 199 @entity1 (mean age 60+/-14 years [range 21 to 87]) with decompensated @entity712 (New York Heart Association functional class III [66%] and IV [34%]). RESULTS: All heart rate variability indices were markedly suppressed but were substantially higher in @entity1 who were on beta-blockers. Time domain measures of parasympathetic cardiac activity, the percentage of RR intervals with >50 ms variation (4.9+/-0.6 vs. 7.7+/-1.2%, P=0.006) and the square root of mean squared differences of successive RR intervals (22.7+/-2.0 vs. 31.6+/-4.1 ms, P=0.004), were higher in the beta-blocker group. Spectral analysis revealed that the total power and the ultra low frequency power were significantly higher in @entity1 on beta-blockers (82% and 59%, respectively). The high frequency power, a spectral index of parasympathetic modulation, was 41% higher in the beta-blocker group (121+/-25 vs. 171+/-27 ms(2), P=0.02). Multiple linear regression, adjusted for clinical parameters and drug therapies, revealed a strong positive relationship between beta-blockade and higher values of time and frequency domain measures. The mean number of @entity1165 were significantly lower in @entity1 on beta-blocker therapy (3.6+/-1.5 vs. 19.0+/-5.3, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: beta-blockers improve the impaired cardiac autonomic regulation during high sympathetic stress of decompensated @entity712 .

title: Effect of beta-blockade on heart rate variability in decompensated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia episodes']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['neurohumoral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The genus Metapneumovirus within the subfamily Pneumovirinae of the family Paramyxoviridae includes two members, @entity14536 ( @entity14536 ) and @entity39005 (aMPV), causing @entity1729 in @entity1 and birds, respectively. Paramyxoviruses enter host cells by fusing the viral envelope with a host cell membrane. Membrane fusion of @entity14536 appears to be unique, in that fusion of some @entity14536 strains requires low pH. Here, we show that the fusion (F) proteins of aMPV promote fusion in the absence of the attachment protein and low pH is not required. Furthermore, there are notable differences in cell-cell fusion among aMPV subtypes. Trypsin was required for cell-cell fusion induced by subtype B but not subtypes A and C. The F protein of aMPV subtype A was highly fusogenic, whereas those from subtypes B and C were not. By construction and evaluation of chimeric F proteins composed of domains from the F proteins of subtypes A and B, we localized a region composed of @entity535 residues 170 to 338 in the F protein that is responsible for the hyperfusogenic phenotype of the F from subtype A. Further mutagenesis analysis revealed that residues R295, G297, and K323 in this region collectively contributed to the hyperfusogenicity. Taken together, we have identified a region in the aMPV F protein that modulates the extent of membrane fusion. A model for fusion consistent with these data is presented.

title: Localization of a region in the fusion protein of XXXX that modulates cell-cell fusion.

entities_list: @entity14536 :: ('162145', 'Species') :: ['hMPV', 'human metapneumovirus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity39005 :: ('38525', 'Species') :: ['avian metapneumovirus']

answer: @entity39005 :: (38525,Species) :: ['avian metapneumovirus']


abstract: @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) is widely prescribed for @entity1 with @entity851 across a range of @entity851 . Recombinant @entity1 (rh) insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) therapy is approved for severe primary @entity442 deficiency - a state of severe @entity2124 resistance. Evidence is increasing for an unacceptably high rate of poor or unsatisfactory response to growth-promoting therapy (i.e. not leading to significant catch up growth) in terms of change in height standard deviation score ( @entity214 ) and height velocity (HV) in many approved indications. Consequently, there is a need to define poor response and to prevent or correct it by optimizing treatment regimens within accepted guidelines. Recognition of a poor response is an indication for action by the treating physician, either to modify the therapy or to review the primary diagnosis leading either to discontinuation or change of therapy. This review discusses the optimal investigation of the @entity1 who is a candidate for @entity2124 or @entity442 therapy so that a diagnosis-based choice of therapy and dosage can be made. The relevant parameters in the evaluation of growth response are described together with the definitions of poor response. Prevention of poor response is addressed by discussion of strategy for first-year management with @entity2124 and @entity442 . Adherence to therapy is reviewed as is the recommended action following the identification of the poorly responding @entity1 . The awareness, recognition and management of poor response to growth-promoting therapy will lead to better @entity1 care, greater cost-effectiveness and increased opportunities for clinical benefit.

title: Identification and management of poor response to growth-promoting therapy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth disorders', 'short stature']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['short stature']