abstract: Malignancy is a risk factor for @entity1031 and anti- @entity5 chemotherapy can increase this risk. Prophylaxis of @entity715 with very-low-dose @entity1229 given concurrently with chemotherapy has a significantly reduced rate of @entity1031 in a randomized trial in @entity1 with @entity0 . In a group of 32 @entity1 randomized in one center (16 subjects on @entity1229 and 16 on placebo), we have prospectively studied the plasma levels of: 1. Markers of 'in vivo' clotting activation (thrombin- @entity5582 complex [TAT], prothrombin fragment 1+2 [F1+2] and D-dimer), 2. Factor VII (FVII), and 3. Natural anticoagulants (protein C [PC] and @entity5582 [AT]). The aims of this study were: 1. to examine whether laboratory tests predicted those @entity1 who developed @entity715 , and 2. to evaluate the effect of very-low-dose @entity1229 on hemostatic variables. The @entity1 ' hemostatic parameters were evaluated before entry into the study and after starting chemotherapy +/- prophylaxis, before each course for nine courses. Before-treatment results were compared to those of a sex and age-matched non- @entity5 control group. There was a significant elevation of plasma levels of TAT (p <0.001), F1+2 (p <0.001), D-dimer (p <0.0001) and FVIIa (p <0.05), as well as an increase of FVII proteolysis (p <0.05), whereas plasma PC and AT concentrations were not different from controls. After starting chemotherapy, markers of clotting activation were progressively lower in the group receiving @entity1229 prophylaxis compared to the group on placebo. Differences between the groups became statistically significant (p <0.01) after the 4th course of chemotherapy. @entity1150 occurred in two @entity1 in the placebo arm. The results of this study indicate that before therapy, an @entity49 state is present in @entity0 , and after starting chemotherapy, @entity49 markers persist, however they are reduced by very-low-dose- @entity1229 . None of the laboratory variables could predict @entity715 in the single @entity1 .

title: The effect of very-low-dose @entity1229 on markers of @entity49 in metastatic XXXX : results from a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable', 'abnormalities of hypercoagulation']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We report the results of a phase III open-label, randomized, multicenter trial comparing @entity1140 / @entity1499 to @entity205 / @entity1499 for @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis after HLA-identical sibling marrow transplantation in @entity1 with @entity1583 . The primary objective of this study was to compare the incidence of moderate to severe (grade II-IV) acute @entity2132 . Secondary objectives were to compare the relapse rate, disease-free survival, overall survival, and the incidence of chronic @entity2132 . @entity1 were stratified according to age (<40 v >/=40) and for male recipients of a marrow graft from an alloimmunized female. There was a significantly greater proportion of @entity1 with @entity1442 randomized to @entity1140 arm (P = . 02). The incidence of grade II-IV acute @entity2132 was significantly lower in @entity1 who received @entity1140 than @entity1 in the @entity205 group (31.9% and 44.4%, respectively; P = .01). The incidence of grade III-IV acute @entity2132 was similar, 17.1% in @entity205 group and 13.3% in the @entity1140 group. There was no difference in the incidence of chronic @entity2132 between the @entity1140 and the @entity205 group (55.9% and 49.4%, respectively; P = .8). However, there was a significantly higher proportion of @entity1 in the @entity205 group who had clinical extensive chronic @entity2132 (P = . 03). The relapse rates of the two groups were similar. The @entity1 in the @entity205 arm had a significantly better 2-year disease-free survival and overall survival than @entity1 in the @entity1140 arm, 50.4% versus 40.5% (P = .01) and 57.2% versus 46.9% (P = .02), respectively. The significant difference in the overall and disease-free survival was largely the result of the @entity1 with @entity1442 , 24.8% with @entity1140 versus 41.7% with @entity205 (P = .006) and 20.4% with @entity1140 versus 28% with @entity205 (P = .007), respectively. There was a higher frequency of deaths from regimen-related @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity1442 who received @entity1140 . There was no difference in the disease-free and overall survival in @entity1 with @entity66 . These results show the superiority of @entity1140 / @entity1499 over @entity205 / @entity1499 in the prevention of grade II-IV acute @entity2132 with no difference in disease-free or overall survival in @entity1 with @entity66 . The survival disadvantage in @entity1442 @entity1 receiving @entity1140 warrants further investigation.

title: Phase III study comparing @entity1499 and @entity1140 (prograf, XXXX ) with @entity1499 and @entity205 for @entity2132 prophylaxis after HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonadvanced disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: We reviewed adverse event (AE) data in the National Cooperative Growth Study from start-up (1985) until January 1, 1999. Enrollment was 33,161. A total of 2,632 AE reports were received; 863 were serious events, with 156 @entity204 . The most common cause of @entity204 was recurrence of @entity1313 . There were 20 reports of @entity1778 , and the standard morbidity ratio (SMR) was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.20-1.86) for the four cases without risk factors. There were 35 reports of extracranial @entity5 , and the SMR was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24-0.74) for the 14 cases without risk factors. The recurrence rate for all @entity1313 present at baseline was 7.6%, and for @entity976 , 6.4%. There were 49 reports of @entity428 (20 @entity1 had @entity1829 ), 68 reports of @entity6 / @entity4854 , 45 of slipped @entity4039 , 136 of @entity1635 , and five of @entity788 . There was no evidence of increased incidence of @entity1778 or extracranial @entity5 among @entity1 without prior risk factors. Intracranial @entity101 does not necessarily occur early in @entity2124 therapy. Other findings were consistent with past observations.

title: XXXX safety update from the National Cooperative Growth Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasm', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nonleukemic malignancy', 'nonleukemic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['Growth hormone']


abstract: Methods to work-up @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) vary considerably between institutes. This single institution study evaluated the positive @entity1817 -identification rate of the EORTC @entity320 Group (MG) protocol and investigated the prognostic value of the @entity1817 status regarding disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and evaluated the locoregional control after the @entity1817 procedure. Multivariate and univariate analyses using Cox's proportional hazard regression model was employed to assess the prognostic value of covariates regarding DFS and @entity1349 . The positive @entity1817 -identification rate was 29% at a median Breslow thickness of 2.00 mm and the false-negative rate was 9.4%. Breslow thickness and @entity1066 of the primary correlated with @entity1817 status. @entity1817 status, @entity1066 and site of the primary @entity5 correlated with DFS. @entity1817 status and @entity1066 of the primary correlated with @entity1349 . The in-transit metastasis rate correlated with @entity1817 -positivity, Breslow thickness and @entity1066 . Projected 3-year @entity1349 was 95% in @entity1817 -negative and 74% in @entity1817 -positive @entity1 . Transhilar bivalving of the @entity1817 with step sections from the central planes is simple and had a high @entity1817 -positive detection rate of about 30%. The @entity1817 status is the most important predictive value for DFS and @entity1349 . In-transit metastasis rates correlated with @entity1817 -positivity, Breslow thickness and @entity1066 of the primary.

title: High positive sentinel node identification rate by EORTC XXXX group protocol. Prognostic indicators of metastatic patterns after sentinel node biopsy in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel nodes', 'SN']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe regional intravenous infusion of @entity10041 as a therapy for @entity14039 (HF) burns of the forearm, hand, or digits. METHODS: This study describes seven @entity1 with @entity4808 . @entity10041 , 10 mL of 10% solution with 30 to 40 mL normal saline solution, was injected intravenously into the affected limb using a Bier block technique. @entity63 was maintained for 20 to 25 minutes. Therapy was considered successful if significant reduction of @entity158 and @entity925 was noted after tourniquet release. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were treated. HF concentration varied from 5% to 49%. Exposure sites included the forearm (two cases), thenar eminence and digits (two cases), or digits only (three cases). Complete @entity158 resolution occurred on tourniquet release in four @entity1 (two with burns to the forearm, two with burns to digits only). One @entity1 had partial relief (thenar but not digital exposure site), and two had no relief of symptoms. Intraarterial @entity10041 perfusion was subsequently administered to the three @entity1 with persistent @entity158 . Recovery was complete in all cases. No adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSION: Regional intravenous infusion of @entity10041 should be considered a therapeutic option in @entity4808 of the forearm, hand, or digits when topical therapy fails.

title: Regional intravenous infusion of @entity10041 for XXXX burns of the upper extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity14039 :: ('MESH:D006858', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrofluoric acid']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium gluconate', 'Calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'subungual and pulp, or thenar pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity14039 :: (MESH:D006858,Chemical) :: ['hydrofluoric acid']


abstract: The traditional method for inducing and synchronising oestrus in the brushtail possum ( @entity2948 ) is by @entity3896 ( @entity49724 ). However, our studies have recently shown that, in addition to wide variation between animals in the time of ovulation after @entity49724 , a proportion of animals failed to ovulate. Evidence from several @entity1 species indicates that the presence of males can stimulate ovarian activity and synchronise oestrus in females. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the male on the oestrous cycle of the female brushtail possum after @entity49724 . A total of 67 adult female brushtail possums were treated as three replicates. In order to observe the day of preovulatory follicle emergence and ovulation, animals underwent laparoscopic examination at 1-4 day intervals over a period from 0-21 days after @entity49724 . The first replicate (N = 18, May/June 1995) involved only animals kept in isolation from males, whereas the two remaining replicates compared ovarian responses between animals kept with ( N = 10, July 1995; N = 14, June 1996) or in isolation from ( N = 10, July 1995; N = 15, June 1996) males. The incidence of ovulation after @entity49724 was significantly higher in females that were housed with males than in those kept in isolation from males (100%, 92.8% vs. 50.0%, 66.7%, 14.3%; P < 0.001). Every animal that ovulated, had previously had a preovulatory follicle present at the site where the corpus luteum formed. Conversely, none of the animals that failed to ovulate, developed a preovulatory follicle during the period of the study. The range of mean day of preovulatory follicle emergence (6.00-6.86 days), of ovulation (11.80-12.20 days) and the @entity12646 between animals (range 8-17 days) after @entity49724 , were not significantly affected by the presence of males. This study demonstrates for the first time, that the presence of males significantly increases the incidence of ovulation after @entity49724 in the brushtail possum. However neither the timing of reproductive events nor the @entity12646 were affected by presence of the male.

title: Presence of males affects the incidence of ovulation after pouch young removal in brushtail possums ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3896 :: ('MESH:C536718', 'Disease') :: ['removal of their suckling pouch young']

entities_list: @entity2948 :: ('9337', 'Species') :: ['Trichosurus vulpecula']

entities_list: @entity12646 :: ('MESH:C538268', 'Disease') :: ['synchrony of ovulation']

answer: @entity2948 :: (9337,Species) :: ['Trichosurus vulpecula']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1068 causes oxidative stress in the hepatic mitochondria of experimental animals and mitochondrial DNA deletions in alcoholics. We postulated that @entity1068 intoxication may cause mitochondrial DNA strand breaks. METHODS: Effects of an intragastric dose of @entity1068 (5 g/kg) on hepatic mitochondrial DNA levels, structure, and synthesis were determined by slot blot hybridization, Southern blot hybridization, and in vivo @entity665 incorporation, respectively. RESULTS: Two hours after @entity1068 administration, @entity17487 exhalation (an index of lipid peroxidation) increased by 133%, although hepatic lipids were unchanged. Mitochondrial DNA was depleted by 51%. Its supercoiled form disappeared, whereas linearized forms increased. Long polymerase chain reaction evidenced lesions blocking polymerase progress on the mitochondrial genome. Mitochondrial transcripts decreased. Subsequently, @entity665 incorporation into mitochondrial DNA increased, and mitochondrial DNA levels were restored. In contrast, nuclear DNA was not fragmented and its @entity665 incorporation was unchanged. Liver ultrastructure only showed inconstant @entity2383 . @entity1068 -induced @entity17823 was prevented by @entity7084 , an inhibitor of @entity1068 metabolism, and attenuated by @entity2493 , an antioxidant. CONCLUSIONS: After an alcoholic binge, @entity1068 metabolism causes oxidative stress and hepatic mitochondrial DNA degradation in @entity19 . DNA strand breaks may be involved in the development of mitochondrial DNA deletions in alcoholics.

title: An alcoholic binge causes massive degradation of hepatic mitochondrial DNA in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7084 :: ('MESH:C010238', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methylpyrazole']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity17823 :: ('MESH:C537477', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial DNA depletion']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial lesions']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: 1. Measurements were made at 12 degrees K of the electron-paramagnetic-resonance (e.p.r.) spectra of submitochondrial particles from Candida utilis cells grown under conditions that alter the amount of the mitochondrial @entity2125 dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3). 2. @entity68 -limited growth decreases the extent of @entity68 -sulphur e.p.r. signals to undetectable values that are less than 1 percent of those normally found with @entity653 -limited growth. 3. Small but significant signals attributable to the @entity2125 dehydrogenase were detected in submitochondrial particles from @entity597 -limited cells. 4. Measurements made on submitochondrial particles prepared from these and other phenotypically modified cells lead us to conclude that the presence of low-temperature e.p.r.-detectable @entity68 -sulphur centres attributable to the @entity2125 dehydrogenase are necessary but not sufficient for the coupling of @entity855 synthesis to the @entity2125 dehydrogenase reaction in the mitochondrial membrane of C. utilis. 6. The amplitude of the g=2.01 signal observed in non-reduced submitochondrial particles is approximately tenfold diminished by @entity68 limitation but not significantly altered by @entity597 limitation.

title: Electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopy studies of XXXX -sulphur centres of submitochondrial particles from @entity68 - and sulphur-deficient. Candida utilis.

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tularaemia is a @entity2348 caused by the bacterium @entity5092 . Different species of rodents and small mammals are the main reservoir; the transmission of disease is caused by direct contact with diseased animals, via insect vectors, or by ingestion of contaminated food and water. The disease is known to cause a complex clinical presentation in which head and neck manifestations are common. It occurs at a low annual rate in the northern and middle regions of Norway, but in recent years there have been several reported cases also in the southern parts of the country. The incidence of tularaemia is much higher in Sweden compared to Norway; the reason remains obscure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this paper we report two admitted cases in which fever and a solitary neck mass were the predominant clinical findings. We review the number of cases reported to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health from 1976 to 2002, with particular emphasis on the role of tularaemia in the context of a @entity5 and oropharyngeal symptoms. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: The suspicion of tularaemia should be raised in @entity1 with a solitary neck mass of presumed infectious aetiology, in particular when administration of @entity3405 antibiotics has failed. The diagnosis is usually dependent on serological evidence of @entity5092 infection. Recently, PCR techniques have been developed that facilitate rapid detection of @entity5092 in clinical specimens.

title: [Tularaemia as a differential diagnosis in XXXX colli].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neck tumour']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis', 'F. tularensis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial zoonosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The incidence of @entity64 and the demand for @entity64 rehabilitation services continues to increase, and it has been proposed that age be used in combination with severity of @entity64 to determine type of rehabilitation. It is important to identify the impact of age on functional outcome before embracing a system that limits access to rehabilitation on the basis of age. METHODS: This prospective study includes all @entity1 admitted to an @entity64 rehabilitation program for 6 years. Demographic and clinical data were extracted by means of chart review. Functional status at admission and discharge was evaluated by means of the @entity15467 instrument. Multivariate regression techniques were used to assess the relationships between age, functional outcome, and other predictive variables. Particular attention was paid to the r(2) values to assess the amount of variation accounted for by the predictors. RESULTS: Age alone was a significant predictor of total @entity15467 score and Motor @entity15467 score at discharge, but not @entity15467 change. For both total @entity15467 score and Motor @entity15467 score at discharge, age alone accounted for only 3% of the variation in outcome. For all the models, age explained at the most 1.3% of the variation in functional outcome after adjustment for other factors, such as admission @entity15467 score. CONCLUSIONS: The small amount of variation that can be explained by age alone and the questionable clinical relevance of such a small effect suggest that there is no justification to deny @entity1 access to rehabilitation solely because of advanced age.

title: Effect of age on functional outcomes after XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'inpatient stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Using a @entity1545 animal model, we studied the time course of lipid peroxidation in different regions of injured @entity35 brains. METHODS: 53 male SD @entity35 were randomly divided into sham, post-traumatic 1, 2, 4, 7, 24 h groups (n = 8) to measure the @entity1865 ( @entity1234 ) at the bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal, striatum and brain stem, another 5 @entity35 were researched for histological study. RESULTS: At the frontal, parietal and brain stem, the @entity1865 levels were 36.7%, 41.8% and 35.1%, respectively, higher than sham at one hour after injury (P < 0.01). The @entity1865 levels in these regions continued to increase and peaked at 4 hours after the injury. The levels decreased slowly, and by 24 hours, they were still significantly higher than the sham control's. The elevation of @entity1865 levels was less in the striatum and the temporal compared with above regions at one hour. Their rising rates were 16.9% and 13.3%, respectively(P < 0.01). The @entity1865 levels in there two regions continued to increase even after 4 hours of injury, but the degree of elevation never exceeded 35%. CONCLUSION: There is an immediate, post-traumatic burst of @entity1865 production, suggesting the formation of free radicals after @entity542 . Even though all the regions sampled show the same effect, certain regions are less affected in this @entity1545 animal model.

title: [The phasic and regional variations of lipid peroxidation after @entity1545 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse head injury']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Increased procoagulant activity of vascular endothelial cells may be an important component in the pathogenesis of @entity5642 associated with gram-negative @entity4577 . Two @entity291 endothelial cell (BEC) lines isolated from pulmonary arteries (ENS-2 and ENT-18) were used in this study to investigate procoagulant signal transduction pathways of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity558 )--stimulated BECs. The endothelial cell line ENS-2 was sensitive to @entity558 as demonstrated by @entity25914 ( @entity25914 ) expression, but in contrast, the ENT-18 endothelial cell line was unusually resistant to the effects of @entity558 . No remarkable quantitative difference in binding of radiolabeled @entity558 was detected between the two endothelial cell lines. A @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activator ( @entity1359 , @entity4515 ) failed to induce @entity25914 expression in either cell line at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 1.00 microM when used as a sole stimulus for the endothelial cells. However, when @entity4515 was used in combination with @entity558 , @entity4515 enhanced the stimulatory effect of @entity558 on the endothelial cells. In parallel experiments, @entity7131 inhibitors (H-7 and GF 109203X) interfered with the stimulatory effect of @entity558 on the cells by decreasing @entity25914 expression. We also found that an activator of adenylate cyclase, @entity1928 , similarly inhibited @entity558 -induced @entity25914 activity. In contrast, protein @entity669 kinase inhibitors ( @entity670 , @entity10755 ) had no inhibitory effect on @entity558 -induced endothelial cell @entity25914 expression. Our results collectively suggest that activation of @entity7131 is an important step in stimulation of endothelial cells by @entity558 , and that @entity558 and @entity4996 may synergize to produce an enhanced stimulatory effect. Our results also suggest participation of @entity268 in controlling @entity558 -mediated stimulation of endothelial cells, but fail to demonstrate a role for protein @entity669 kinase activity.

title: Signal transduction pathways of bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated XXXX vascular endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity10755 :: ('MESH:C062898', 'Chemical') :: ['lavendustin A']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial diseases']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Gastric @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ) @entity706 is the paradigm of @entity706 developing in extranodal areas after antigen stimulation. In the stomach, @entity1534 colonization induces the appearance of @entity1074 and, eventually, @entity1074 -derived @entity706 . This type of @entity706 is initially a localized form of disease, but may disseminate and transform into @entity1893 , making full staging (as for @entity706 ) and endoscopic ultrasonography to evaluate the penetration of the @entity706 through the gastric wall mandatory. In localized gastric @entity1074 , the first step in treatment is eradication of @entity1534 , which results in 60-90% regression. This response is maintained for years in most @entity1 , with only 10-15% relapse, frequently precipitated by @entity1534 reinfection. A component of @entity1893 , penetration to gastric serosa or beyond and translocation t(11;18) are the main factors that @entity706 resistant to eradication. Surgery or radiotherapy can cure @entity706 in 75-90% of @entity1 . Chemotherapy with alkylating agents, combination chemotherapy and @entity10043 analogs, and anti-CD20 antibodies can also induce remission of @entity706 refractory to eradication, as well as locally advanced and disseminated @entity706 . The optimum chemotherapy treatment for advanced disease has not yet been established; however, combination therapy, including @entity10043 analogs with or without anti-CD20, may be a promising option. Despite histological responses and prolonged remissions, residual molecular disease can be demonstrated in most cases treated with @entity1534 eradication, radiotherapy or alkylating agents, and even after more intense chemotherapy, although this does not seem to lead to late relapses. High-grade gastric @entity1074 should be treated with chemotherapy, with @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 being the best first-line option. All gastric @entity1074 associated with @entity1534 should receive eradication treatment in addition to other required treatment.

title: Treatment of gastric XXXX lymphoma: @entity1534 eradication and beyond.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['localized lymphomas', 'lymphoma', 'nodal lymphomas', 'make lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'MALT', 'MALT lymphomas', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade lymphoma']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although newer technologies facilitate its diagnosis and treatment, little is known about @entity370 of the paranasal sinuses. OBJECTIVES: We sought to better characterize @entity370 of the sinuses and establish criteria for diagnosis. METHODS: Case-finding criteria were established, and over 50 reports of @entity370 of the sinuses in the medical literature were reviewed. Nine case reports of @entity1 fulfilling the case-finding criteria were identified, as were 6 additional @entity1 from our clinics. RESULTS: Nasal obstruction and chronic @entity1244 were the usual initial complaints from @entity1 and were associated with mucosal crusting, studding, plaque-like changes, or @entity1127 in the nose in 5 of 6 of our @entity1 . The most consistent finding in nose and sinuses was an erythematous, @entity4 , friable, @entity1184 mucosa. Like 5 of 6 of our @entity1 , most @entity1 had extra- @entity10070 involving multiple organs, but some had isolated @entity1729 . Radiologic studies showed extensive and often complete opacification of the sinuses and nose similar to that seen in diffuse @entity1412 associated with chronic @entity364 . No specific histopathologic findings distinguished @entity50 from those reported with @entity358 . Pharyngeal involvement was present in 2 case reports and caused the apparent asphyxiation of 1 of our @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity370 of the sinuses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1244 , especially in association with @entity1412 , even when the @entity370 has not been otherwise diagnosed. On the basis of this experience, we propose diagnostic criteria for @entity370 of the sinuses. These include (1) radiologic evidence of @entity1244 , (2) histopathologic confirmation of noncaseating @entity738 in the sinus tissue supported by negative stains for fungus and acid-fast bacilli, (3) negative serologic test results for syphilis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and (4) no clinical evidence of other disease processes associated with @entity32 . These criteria will provide the basis for further studies to assess both the natural history and the effectiveness of treatment in @entity370 of the sinuses.

title: Diagnostic criteria for XXXX of the sinuses.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous nasal and sinus inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus disease']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) and @entity27145 inhibited shoot elongation and floral development of @entity1539 (Iris hollandica Hoog. cv Ideal) meristems cultured in vitro. No synergism with respect to inhibition of leaf growth between @entity2272 and @entity27145 was observed. With monthly harvest dates, from July 10, 1981 to October 10, 1981, there was a progressive decrease in endogenous level of free @entity2272 in ;Ideal' iris bulbs. Bulbs subjected to a full set of the usual preplanting storage conditions flowered, on average, 46 days after planting versus 194 days after planting for bulbs planted directly after harvest. @entity2272 levels at harvest were 4- to 5-fold those after the preplanting storage treatment. In general, @entity2272 levels did not correlate well with the length of time from planting until flowering of iris bulbs. Endogenous @entity27145 levels did not follow any pattern with respect to harvest date or postharvest treatment. After the postharvest high temperature treatment, there was about a 3-fold increase in nonscale @entity27145 concentration. @entity27145 levels, in nonscale tissue, remained high after each of the other postharvest treatments. It is concluded that there is no good evidence to support the contention that either @entity2272 or @entity27145 is directly involved in iris bulb dormancy.

title: Endogenous levels of @entity2271 and @entity27145 in dutch iris bulbs and the influence of abscisic Acid and XXXX on iris meristems cultured in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['Abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity27145 :: ('MESH:C031071', 'Chemical') :: ['decanoic acid', 'Decanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['Dutch iris']

answer: @entity27145 :: (MESH:C031071,Chemical) :: ['decanoic Acid']


abstract: In this retrospective study of 22 @entity1 with the @entity3153 , the cost of catheter ablation in 11 @entity1 was compared with that of surgical ablation in another 11 @entity1 . All @entity1 in the catheter ablation group had a posteroseptal accessory pathway; in the surgical group, 5 @entity1 had a left lateral accessory pathway, 3 had a left lateral and posteroseptal accessory connection and 3 had a right-sided pathway. Catheter ablation was successful in 8 of 11 @entity1 (73%). In the surgical group, the accessory pathway was interrupted successfully in all @entity1 (100%). The mean duration (+/- standard deviation) of hospitalization was 6 +/- 2 days in the catheter ablation group and 8 +/- 4 days in the surgical group. The mean cost/ @entity1 , expressed in 1988 dollar values, was +14,116 +/- 4,493 in the catheter ablation group and +34,175 +/- 5,434 in the surgical ablation group (p less than 0.0001). The mean time lost from work or school was 10 +/- 5 days in the catheter ablation group and 60 +/- 16 days in the surgical group (p less than 0.01). Catheter ablation is significantly less expensive than surgical ablation of accessory pathways. Assuming that all @entity1 in whom catheter ablation is unsuccessful subsequently undergo successful surgical ablation, the mean cost of definitive therapy in the catheter ablation group (+24,382 +/- 4,741) is still significantly lower than the cost in the surgical group (+34,175; p less than 0.001). An additional economic advantage of catheter ablation is that the mean time lost from work or school is 10 days compared to 60 days with surgical ablation.

title: Cost of catheter versus surgical ablation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: We report a 67-year-old @entity1 who presented with a 3-month history of progressively increasing @entity158 in the lumbar spine. His past medical history was unremarkable, and physical examination disclosed local tenderness over the lower spine. No @entity51 was identified. Routine laboratory evaluation including alkaline phosphatase activity was normal. An X-ray film of the lumbar spine showed enlargement and increased density of @entity14330 vertebra. A whole-body bone scan revealed markedly increased uptake at the @entity14330 level. To further evaluate the nature of the disorder and the cause of his @entity158 , a computed tomography (CT) scan was obtained. It disclosed multiple lucent areas with some sclerotic changes mainly affecting the vertebral body of @entity14330 . No @entity612 was found. Subsequently, a bone biopsy of @entity14330 was performed that showed typical findings consistent with @entity4261 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity10210 (200 mg b.i.d. for 6 months) followed by salmon calcitonin (50 IU 3 times/week s.c. for 6 months). The @entity158 declined gradually in severity and the @entity1 became symptom free after 12 months of treatment. A repeat X-ray film, obtained at that time, showed no significant change. However, a bone scan showed almost complete normalization. The present case illustrates that a high index of suspicion is required when only a single vertebra is affected by @entity4261 , especially, when alkaline phosphatase activity is normal. It may present with severe @entity158 without evidence of @entity51 . CT scan may be a useful adjunct in establishing the diagnosis and elucidating the cause of @entity158 .

title: XXXX affecting a single vertebra: clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic correlations.

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity10210 :: ('MESH:D012968', 'Chemical') :: ['etidronate']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease of bone']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the association of the apoptosis related proteins @entity588 , @entity1836 , @entity589 and @entity2428 , @entity876 , the adhesion molecule @entity5962 , the receptor proteins @entity470 and @entity1722 , and the proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 with the clinical outcome of @entity1606 and @entity957 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cystectomy specimens from 109 @entity1 with organ confined, muscle invasive stage, pT2pN0M0, bilharziall positive @entity150 were examined, including 60 with @entity957 . Immunohistochemical results were correlated with @entity5 progression. RESULTS: In @entity957 but not in @entity1606 the loss of @entity470 , @entity589 and @entity2428 was significantly associated with higher histological grade (p = 0.02, 0.006 and 0.01, respectively). On univariate analysis @entity1 with @entity1606 had a poorer prognosis than those with @entity957 . @entity876 Over expression and the loss of @entity2428 positivity were associated with shortened progression-free @entity1606 (p = 0.006 and 0.04, respectively), and @entity957 (p = 0.00001 and 0.04, respectively). In @entity957 high @entity5 grade (p = 0.02) and in @entity1606 high labeling indexes for @entity1758 , @entity1836 expression and @entity1722 positivity (p = 0.03, 0.02 and 0.04, respectively) were associated with a poorer prognosis. On multivariate analysis @entity876 emerged as a significant prognostic factor for each condition. Additional independent prognostic factors were proliferating cell nuclear antigen for @entity957 , and @entity1758 , @entity1836 and @entity589 for @entity1606 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1606 and @entity957 differ in interims of protein expression and prognosis. Independent prognostic factors were @entity876 , @entity1758 , @entity1836 , and @entity589 in the former disease, and @entity876 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the latter disease.

title: Bilharzial related, organ confined, muscle invasive @entity150 : prognostic value of apoptosis markers, proliferation markers, @entity876 , XXXX , @entity470 and @entity1722 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder', 'squamous cell carcinoma and 49 with transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['Bilharzial related transitional cell carcinoma', 'bilharzial related transitional cell carcinoma', 'transitional cell carcinoma', 'survival in transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The overall incidence of @entity6437 cerebri (PTC) has been estimated at 1 per 100,000 in the general population, with an increase to 19 per 100,000 among overweight @entity1 . About 25% of affected @entity1 are asymptomatic until they present with @entity1018 . We hypothesized that @entity32273 would be highly prevalent among @entity28 @entity1 seeking bariatric surgery. The setting of our study was a university hospital. METHODS: During a 2-year period, clinical data were collected from candidates for bariatric surgery. A group of the study population was concurrently screened for @entity1829 using fundus imaging. All images were reviewed by a single neuro-ophthalmologist. All @entity1 with abnormal images were referred for neuro-ophthalmic evaluation. RESULTS: The imaging group (78% @entity1 ) had a mean age of 45.4    10.7 years, and the mean body mass index of 47.8    8.7 kg/m(2). High definition nonmydriatic fundus imaging was normal in 489 @entity1 (91.9%) and abnormal in 43 @entity1 (8.9%). The subsequent evaluation by the neuro-ophthalmologist revealed @entity735 other than optic disc @entity4 in 27 @entity1 (5.1%) and normal findings in 7 @entity1 (1.3%). Five @entity1 (.9%) declined additional evaluation. Four @entity1 (.8%) had confirmed optic disc @entity4 and normal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings. Of these @entity1 , 3 underwent lumbar puncture, which confirmed the diagnosis of PTC. CONCLUSION: We identified a greater prevalence of PTC overall (.65%) and in the imaging group (.9%) than previously reported or would have been predicted from the current data. Although routine funduscopic examination is of limited utility, these findings warrant additional investigation into the utility of, and optimal method for, screening morbidly @entity28 @entity1 for this co-morbidity.

title: Greater than expected prevalence of XXXX cerebri: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['pseudotumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of bronchodilators in the treatment of @entity5924 remains controversial. METHODS: A double-blind, placebo controlled trial was performed to evaluate the clinical response to nebulized @entity3045 . One hundred and fifty-six @entity1 aged between 7 weeks and 24 months who had had an episode of wheezing and other signs and symptoms of @entity5924 were randomized to three groups as follows: (i) nebulized @entity3045 was administered to 52 @entity1 in group I at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg in 2 mL saline; (ii) saline was nebulized to 52 @entity1 in group II and (iii) in group III 52 @entity1 received mist in a tent. All three groups were administered @entity26 during the procedures. Treatment was repeated with the same agent after 30 min if the respiratory score was 5 or more. Respiratory rate, heart rate, @entity26 saturation and presence of cyanosis, wheezing, retractions were recorded before and after each treatment. RESULTS: The decrease in the respiratory score was 5.2 +/- 1.8, 0.82 +/- 2.4 and 1.7 +/- 1.3 in group I, II and III, respectively. The decrease in group I was significantly higher than in the other groups. Heart rate was similar between groups. @entity26 saturation decreased in group I without reaching statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3045 was shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of acute @entity5924 .

title: XXXX or mist in acute @entity5924 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['Salbutamol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Curative gastrectomy is a promising approach for the treatment of @entity356 ; however, the optimal extent of lymph node dissection for @entity5 remains controversial. The aim of this multi-institutional study was to evaluate the feasibility of D3 gastrectomy (para-aortic lymph node dissection) for advanced @entity356 . The surgical results of D2 and D3 gastrectomy (para-aortic lymph node dissection) were retrospectively compared. METHODS: A series of 580 advanced @entity356 @entity1 were registered between 1992 and 2000. Of these, 430 underwent D2 gastrectomy and 150 underwent D3 gastrectomy. Survival time, prognostic factors, postoperative morbidity/mortality, and pattern of recurrence were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in survival time between D2 and D3 @entity1 . However, the survival times of D3 @entity1 with @entity5 diameters measuring 50 to 100 mm or with @entity3121 disease were significantly longer than those of the corresponding D2 @entity1 . Analysis of the survival of @entity1 with @entity5 diameters measuring 50 to 100 mm revealed that D3 gastrectomy conferred a survival advantage only to @entity1 with @entity477 disease. The incidence of lymphatic recurrence was lower in D3 @entity1 with 50- to 100-mm @entity5 than in the corresponding D2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: D3 gastrectomy might be beneficial in @entity1 with advanced @entity477 @entity356 within the group with @entity5 measuring 50 to 100 mm. A randomized controlled trial of @entity1 with 50- to 100-mm @entity5 should be performed to test the validity of this preliminary result.

title: Comparison of surgical results of D2 versus D3 gastrectomy (para-aortic lymph node dissection) for advanced XXXX : a multi-institutional study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: In this work, we have used the previously designed controlled uniaxial swelling (CUS) cell to obtain predetermined extents of swelling in @entity6638 . Using the CUS cell, a simultaneous measurement of swelling pressure is done with controlled swelling. Undisturbed clay samples at well-defined swelling (0%-75%) were removed from the CUS cell and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, orientation-dependent microattenuated total reflectance (micro-ATR) spectroscopic investigations are also conducted on the controlled swelled samples. Significant changes in the @entity7182 ( @entity45426 ) stretching region (1150-950 cm(-1)) have been observed with changes in swelling and orientation. The band at 1005 cm(-1) (attributed in the literature to arising from @entity45426 vibrations when @entity6638 platelets are normal to incident radiation) is most pronounced for the 0%-swelled sample and diminishes with swelling. The band associated with perpendicular vibration (at 1078 cm(-1)) increases with swelling. Thus, the intensity of this band increases with misorientation of clay particles. Our results indicate that the reduced particle size, as ascertained from SEM cryoimaging, with @entity4 is related to increased misorientation of the clay platelets. At 0% swelling, the clay platelets are most oriented and have largest particle size. The rearrangement of clay platelets as seen in the orientation-dependent spectra is a direct result of the breakdown of the clay particles with increased hydration resulting from @entity4 .

title: Relationship of swelling and swelling pressure on silica-water interactions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['increased swelling']

entities_list: @entity7182 :: ('MESH:D017640', 'Chemical') :: ['silicate']

entities_list: @entity6638 :: ('MESH:D001546', 'Chemical') :: ['montmorillonite']

answer: @entity6638 :: (MESH:D001546,Chemical) :: ['montmorillonite']


abstract: The bone-conduction (BC) tone ABR has been used clinically for over 20 years. The current study formally evaluated the test performance of the BC tone-evoked ABR in @entity1 with @entity393 . Method. By comparing BC-ABR results to follow-up behavioural results, this study addressed two questions: (i) whether the BC tone ABR was successful in differentiating @entity1 with conductive versus @entity1274 (Study A; conductive: 68 ears; SNHL: 129 ears) and (ii) the relationship between BC ABR and behavioural @entity393 severity (Study B: 2000   Hz: 104 ears; 500   Hz: 47 ears). Results. Results demonstrate that the "normal" BC-ABR levels accurately differentiated normal versus elevated cochlear sensitivity (accuracy: 98% for 2000   Hz; 98% for 500   Hz). A subset of @entity1 in Study A with elevated BC-ABR (i.e., no response at normal level) had additional testing at higher intensities, which allowed for categorization of the degree of @entity73 . Study B results indicate that the BC ABR accurately categorizes the degree of @entity393 for 2000   Hz (accuracy = 95.2%). A preliminary dBnHL-to-dBHL correction factor of "0   dB" was determined for 2000   Hz BC ABR. Conclusions. These findings further support the use of BC tone ABR for diagnostic ABR testing.

title: Auditory brainstem responses to bone-conducted brief tones in young @entity1 with conductive or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear impairment']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'cochlear hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: @entity528 following lumbar spine fusion remains a widely acknowledged problem, but there is insufficient knowledge regarding the factors that contribute to its occurrence. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between abnormal sagittal plane configuration of the lumbar spine and the development of @entity528 . Eighty-three consecutive @entity1 who underwent lumbar fusion for @entity179 were reviewed retrospectively. @entity1 with spondylolytic spondylolisthesis and @entity179 were not included in this study. Mean follow-up period was 5 years. Results were analysed to determine the association between abnormal sagittal configuration and post operative @entity528 . Thirty-one out of 83 @entity1 (36.1%) showed radiographic evidence of @entity528 . @entity1 with normal C7 plumb line and normal sacral inclination in the immediate post operative radiographs had the lowest incidence of adjacent level change compared with @entity1 who had abnormality in one or both of these parameters. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adjacent level degeneration between male and female @entity1 ; between posterior fusion alone and combined posterolateral and posterior interbody fusions; and between fusions extending down to the sacrum and fusions stopping short of the sacrum. It was concluded was that normality of sacral inclination is an important parameter for minimizing the incidence of adjacent level degeneration. Retrolisthesis was the most common type of adjacent segment change. @entity1 with post operative @entity854 should preferably be followed-up for at least 5 years to detect adjacent level changes.

title: Correlation between sagittal plane changes and XXXX following lumbar spine fusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal plane abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease', 'degenerative scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['adjacent segment degeneration', 'Adjacent segment degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['adjacent segment degeneration']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors' goal was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and clinical effect of @entity7994 compared with echocardiography and catheterization in the evaluation of @entity299 with @entity2735 ambiguous. METHOD: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity4032 were included. RESULTS: Because @entity2735 determined by the relation between the pulmonary artery and bronchi showed most predominantly a tendency toward lateralization, this was regarded as the standard reference of @entity2735 determination. For the purpose of this study, @entity1 were classified as having right isomerism (n = 13) or left isomerism groups (n = 9). @entity7994 has several advantages compared with echocardiography or cardiac angiography for examining @entity1 with @entity2735 ambiguous. (1) The bronchial, pulmonary arterial, and splenic @entity2735 can be readily determined, and discrepancies (n = 2) can be assessed easily. (2) Venoatrial connections are adequately imaged. In particular, all types of total and partial @entity1700 are delineated, regardless of whether restrictions of pulmonary blood flow or @entity3885 are involved (n = 4). The courses of vertical veins were easily identified, and the prearterial position was revealed in only one of seven right isomerisms with total @entity1700 . The drain pattern of the hepatic vein can be visualized using three-dimensional spatial information and is useful for total cavopulmonary connection design. (3) Associated complicated @entity299 , particularly the size or peripheral stenosis of the pulmonary arteries, may be evaluated, and this information is useful for palliative shunt operations. CONCLUSION: Because of its wide field of view and imaging, which is not restricted by associated anomalies, a thorough understanding of the cardiovascular anatomy of the @entity2735 ambiguous can be achieved using @entity7994 , which is of considerable value in the surgical correction of this complicated anomaly. @entity7994 can obviate or facilitate catheterization in these critically ill @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of @entity7994 in complicated XXXX with @entity4032 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous obstructions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects', 'cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['visceral heterotaxy syndrome']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Brain pharmacokinetic behaviors of @entity19316 ( @entity1597 ) following intranasal (i.n.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration, have been investigated using brain microdialysis technique in free-moving @entity35 . A cross-over design was employed in the present experiment. The same set of @entity35 (n=5) received i.v. injection at a dose of 10 mg/kg @entity1597 via tail vein. Equal dose was administered intranasally. After application, the dialysates sampled from the left striatum were measured by HPLC-UV detection. The results indicated that the mean corrected @entity1597 concentration of 1.49 microg/ml was obtained at 5 min following i.n. dosing while no @entity1597 in the dialysate sampled 5 min after i.v. injection was detected, in the range of our measurement limit. No compartment model was most suitable for analysis of the concentration vs. time results after i.n. dosing. Thus, a non-compartment model was used in the analysis of all experimental data. No significant differences in brain pharmacokinetic parameters, except Cmax, were found between both i.n. and i.v. administration routes. AUCi.n./AUCi.v. ratio was 92.42%. Finally, compared with i.v. application, intranasal administration of @entity1597 could obtain significantly fast absorption from nasal to ipsilateral striatum and equal bioavailability. Therapeutically relevant nasal formulation is a potential alternative for intravenous administration approach for @entity1597 .

title: Brain pharmacokinetics of XXXX after intranasal and intravenous administration in awake @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylpyrazine']

answer: @entity19316 :: (MESH:C017953,Chemical) :: ['tetramethylpyrazine']


abstract: The @entity4545 (ACTH) and @entity701 responses to @entity3826 ( @entity3827 ), a direct acting @entity935 (DA) agonist, have been reported to be significantly blunted in neuroleptic-free @entity1 with @entity161 ( @entity161 ). This study primarily examined the @entity701 , but also the @entity4090 (PRL) and @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), response to @entity3827 in @entity1 with @entity161 compared to normal controls, as well as the relationship between endocrine measures and response to antipsychotic drug treatment. @entity3827 , 0.01 mg/kg, or placebo was administered to 51-98 @entity1 with @entity161 and 15-25 normal controls. Psychopathology was assessed at the baseline and six weeks after drug treatment. The plasma @entity701 response to @entity3827 was markedly blunted in @entity1 with @entity161 compared to normal controls. @entity1 who responded to six weeks of treatment with antipsychotic drugs had a higher @entity701 response to @entity3827 compared to non-responders. The plasma @entity2124 , but not PRL, response to @entity3827 was blunted in male @entity1 with @entity161 . Neither plasma @entity2124 nor PRL responses to @entity3827 were related to treatment response at six weeks. These results provide further evidence of @entity409 in @entity161 . Furthermore, the @entity3827 -stimulated @entity701 response may be predictive of subsequent clinical response to antipsychotic drug treatment.

title: The blunted plasma @entity701 response to @entity3826 and its relationship to treatment response in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SCH']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity73 occur in over half of @entity15 @entity1 , with hippocampal-dependent learning and memory commonly impaired. Data from in vivo MRI and post-mortem studies in @entity15 indicate that the hippocampus is targeted. However, the relationship between structural pathology and dysfunction of the hippocampus in @entity15 remains unclear. Hippocampal neuropathology also occurs in @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), the most commonly used animal model of @entity15 . Although @entity172 treatment of @entity6503 has been shown to be anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective in the spinal cord, it is unknown if @entity172 treatment may prevent @entity75 . In the current study we examined excitatory synaptic transmission during @entity6503 and focused on pathological changes in synaptic protein complexes known to orchestrate functional synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. We then determined if @entity11111 , a candidate hormone treatment, was capable of preventing functional changes in synaptic transmission and corresponding hippocampal synaptic pathology. Electrophysiological studies revealed altered excitatory synaptic transmission and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) during @entity6503 . Neuropathological experiments demonstrated that there were decreased levels of pre- and post-synaptic proteins in the hippocampus, diffuse loss of myelin staining and atrophy of the pyramidal layers of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1). @entity11111 treatment prevented decreases in excitatory synaptic transmission and lessened the effect of @entity6503 on PPF. In addition, @entity11111 treatment prevented several neuropathological alterations that occurred in the hippocampus during @entity6503 . @entity2915 correlations revealed that deficits in excitatory synaptic transmission were significantly correlated with reductions in trans-synaptic protein binding partners known to modulate excitatory synaptic transmission. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a functional correlate to hippocampal neuropathology in any @entity15 model. Furthermore, a treatment was identified that prevented both deficits in synaptic function and hippocampal neuropathology.

title: XXXX preserves synaptic transmission in the hippocampus during autoimmune demyelinating disease.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal pathology and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity11111 :: ('MESH:D004964', 'Chemical') :: ['estriol', 'Estriol']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-modality']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity11111 :: (MESH:D004964,Chemical) :: ['Estriol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to review all cases in literature in which the clinical manifestations of @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) and @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) were presented in the same @entity1 including a new case of our own and identify the clinical characteristics and possible mechanisms of this syndrome. METHODS: We reviewed 12 reports in which 13 cases were diagnosed as @entity1737 and @entity5011 . The clinical manifestations of the 13 cases and our new case were analyzed in detail to show the characteristics of this kind of syndrome. RESULTS: Of all the cases, 5 females and 9 males, 6 of them were Chinese; 3 were Americans; 3 were Israelis; 1 was white and one was a Frenchman. The age of seven @entity1 was no more than 45 years old. They all had the symptoms of extrocular @entity425 . Nerve conduction and RNS abnormal were seen in all tested cases. Acetylcholine receptor antibody was positive in all tested @entity1 . Prognosis was good in 8 of the 11 recorded @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although extremely rare, @entity1737 and @entity5011 may present in the same @entity1 with variant characteristics. The typical clinical characteristics of @entity5011 and @entity1737 may be helpful for the diagnosis of future possible cases.

title: @entity1737 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   cooccurrence syndrome']


abstract: From 1985 to 1988, 261 unselected @entity1 entered a nationwide Danish study of surveillance only for @entity4797 stage I. The median follow-up time after orchidectomy was 48 months, range 6-67 months. 49 @entity1 relapsed (19%). Sites of relapse were paraaortic lymph nodes in 41 @entity1 , pelvic lymph nodes in 5, inguinal lymph nodes in 2 and lung metastases in 1 @entity1 . The median time to relapse was 14 months, range 2-37 months. The 4-year relapse-free survival was 80%. 37 of the relapsing @entity1 (76%) had radiotherapy as relapse treatment. Of these @entity1 , 4 (11%) had a second relapse and received chemotherapy. 1 died of disseminated @entity4797 . Of the relapsing @entity1 , 12 (24%) had chemotherapy as relapse treatment because of bulky (11 @entity1 ) or disseminated disease (1 @entity1 ). None of these @entity1 have had a second relapse. However, 2 @entity1 died of infection due to chemotherapy-induced @entity1398 . Thus, there have been three @entity4797 -related deaths (1.1%). The @entity5 size had an independent prognostic significance. The 4-year relapse-free survivals were 94, 82 and 64% for @entity5 < 3, 3 to < 6 and > or = 6 cm, respectively. @entity1 with @entity5 > or = 6 cm will now be given prophylactic radiation treatment, whereas we will continue to use surveillance only after orchidectomy for @entity1 with @entity5 < 6 cm.

title: Surveillance following orchidectomy for XXXX of the testis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['testicular seminoma', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage I seminoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the association between the number of LNs removed, the number of positive LNs and disease progression in @entity1 undergoing pelvic lymph node dissection and radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 5,038 consecutive @entity1 who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy between 1983 and 2003. Clinicopathological parameters, including the administration of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, preoperative @entity1486 , specimen Gleason score, surgeon and pathological stage, were collected prospectively in our @entity263 database. We excluded @entity1 treated with radiation or chemotherapy before surgery. BCR was defined as 2 postoperative @entity1486 increases greater than 0.2 ng/ml. Cox models were used to determine whether the number of nodes removed or the number of positive nodes predicted freedom from BCR after adjustment for prognostic covariates. RESULTS: The 4,611 eligible @entity1 had a median of 9 LNs (IQR 5 to 13) removed. Positive nodes were found in 175 @entity1 (3.8%). Overall the number of LNs removed did not predict freedom from BCR (HR per additional 10 nodes removed 1.02, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.13, p = 0.7). Results were similar in @entity1 receiving and not receiving neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Finding any LN involvement was associated with a BCR HR of 5.2 (95% CI 4.2 to 6.4, p <0.0005). However, in @entity1 without nodal involvement an increased number of nodes removed correlated significantly with freedom from BCR (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nodal disease increased the risk of progression. Extensive lymphadenectomy enhances the accuracy of surgical staging. However, we were unable to determine that removing more nodes improves freedom from BCR uniformly. Since the proportion of @entity1 with @entity263 with positive nodes is low, the value of extensive lymphadenectomy requires a multi-institutional, randomized clinical trial.

title: The association between total and positive lymph node counts, and disease progression in clinically localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: BCG vaccine protects against the severe forms of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) in @entity1 . Several low-prevalence countries are reviewing their policy, usually shifting from universal vaccination to vaccination of @entity1 in high-risk groups only. We combined an epidemiologic analysis with a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of targeted strategies. METHODS: We fitted a static model to the data to estimate vaccine efficacy and risk of disease. We applied our method to the Dutch situation, analyzing severe @entity378 cases in high-risk group @entity1 age 0-5, between 1996 and 2003. We considered the current strategy targeting immigrant @entity1 from high-incidence countries, and a proposed strategy additionally targeting @entity1 from 3 lower-incidence, but higher-immigration, countries. RESULTS: In the absence of vaccination, the annual risk of developing severe @entity378 for a @entity1 in the current target group is 3/100,000, while BCG vaccination reduces this risk by 73%. Therefore about 9000 @entity1 would need to be vaccinated to prevent 1 case. Vaccinating @entity1 from high-incidence countries would then cost about @entity7634 4,500 per discounted disability-adjusted life year averted. In the extended target group, the risk of disease is somewhat lower with a similar vaccine effectiveness, so costs are raised. CONCLUSIONS: The current Dutch BCG strategy, as well as the proposed inclusion of immigrant @entity1 from @entity233 , Surinam and former Yugoslavia, is on average cost-effective. However, the low number of both vaccinated and unvaccinated severe @entity378 cases leads to broad confidence intervals on vaccine efficacy, highlighting the difficulty associated with decision-making in low-prevalence settings.

title: Targeted BCG vaccination against severe XXXX in low-prevalence settings: epidemiologic and economic assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Little work has been done on the contents of @entity146 consultancies in prisons. AIMS: To explore the sociodemographic, clinical and treatment profile of the @entity1 who were assessed in the @entity146 consultancy of three prisons. METHODS: This is a prospective, longitudinal, descriptive and multicenter-based epidemiological study of @entity1 who were assessed in the @entity146 consultacy of three prisons in the Autonomous Community of Valencia from 2009 to 2011. Sociodemographic, clinical and prison data was obtained from each @entity1 . Their frequency was compared with Pearson's Ji   and averages with the ANOVA test or with The Kruskall-Wallis method. The probability of keeping the @entity1 in schedule was calculated with Kaplan-Meier's curves and differences with the Mantel-Haenzsel method (Logrank) were established. A logistic regression model was designed to determine the data linked to frequent users. RESULTS: 786 @entity1 were assessed in 2,006 visits (2.5 visits/ @entity1 ). 90% were male, 88.2% Spanish and their average age was 36 years. 29.9% suffered from an infectious chronic pathology. 69.5% used some kinds of substance. 59.2% suffered from @entity1314 and 11.6% from the spectrum of @entity161 . The most frequent medical profiles were: 49.1% with @entity148 , 20.8% @entity308 and 11.7% @entity914 . These @entity914 meant a greater probability of 1.5 times for maintaining in schedule. The most commonly prescribed medications were @entity1089 , @entity13332 , @entity4481 and @entity3175 . CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of @entity146 in prisons. It is necessary to improve the available resources to deal with these pathologies in the most effective way.

title: [Description of the XXXX unit in prisons in the autonomous community of Valencia].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Malignant primary and metastatic @entity1313 continue to be associated with poor prognosis. Nevertheless, recent advances in molecular medicine, specifically in the strategies of gene therapy, targeting @entity5 cells, anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy, have created novel tools that may be of therapeutic value. To date, gene therapy trials have not yet demonstrated clinical efficacy because of inherent defects in vector design. Despite this, advances in adenoviral technology, namely the helper-dependent adenoviral constructs (gutless) and the uncovering of brain parenchymal cells as effective and necessary targets for antitumour benefits of adenoviral-mediated gene transfer, suggest that developments in vector design may be approaching the point of clinical utility. Targeting @entity5 cells refers to strategies that destroy malignant but spare normal cells. A new assortment of oncolytic viruses have emerged, capable of specific lysis of @entity5 tissue while sparing normal cells and propagating until they reach the @entity5 borders. Furthermore, peptides have been transformed into bullets that specifically seek and destroy @entity5 cells. The concept of @entity5 angiogenesis has been challenged by new but still very controversial findings that @entity5 cells themselves may form blood channels. These results may lead to the redirecting of the molecular targets toward anti-angiogenesis in some @entity5 including @entity463 multiform. Unfortunately, our knowledge regarding the immunological ignorance of the @entity5 is still limited. Even so, newly discovered molecules have shed light on novel pathways leading to the escape of the @entity5 from the immune system. Finally, significant limitations in our current experimental @entity5 models may soon be overcome by firstly, the development of models of reproducible organ-specific @entity5 in non-inbred animals and secondly applying genomics to individualize therapy for a particular @entity5 in a specific @entity1 .

title: Molecular advances to treat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['cancer of the brain']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the presence or absence of @entity308 in inferior leads (II, III, and aVF) and ST segment elevation in lateral (I and aVL) or left precordial (V5 and V6) leads with the amount and location of myocardium at risk for @entity1188 in @entity1 with @entity583 . Forty-three @entity1 with anterior @entity1188 were injected with @entity10979 when they were first seen and underwent tomographic imaging to measure the amount and location of myocardium at risk. @entity1 with @entity308 (n = 10) compared with those without @entity308 (n = 33) had perfusion defects that extended significantly further into the lateral wall (47 degrees vs 20 degrees, p = 0.04) and larger anterior injury vectors (6.47 vs 4.92, p = 0.008). There was no significant association with the percentage of myocardium at risk, disease of the right coronary artery, the presence of an inferior perfusion defect, or the size of the inferior injury vector. Among the @entity1 with ST elevation in lateral leads (n = 16) compared with those without (n = 27), there was a significantly more @entity8668 (47 degrees vs 25 degrees, p = 0.007) and a larger anterior injury vector (6.07 vs 4.81, p = 0.01). There was no significant correlation with the percentage of myocardium at risk. A significant relationship could not be demonstrated between the presence of ST elevation in the left precordial leads and any measure of the amount or location of myocardium at risk. These data support the theory that @entity308 in @entity1 with transmural anterior @entity63 is a "reciprocal" finding and does not represent inferior @entity63 . The presence of @entity308 or lateral ST elevation is associated with a more lateral perfusion defect. Neither of these ECG findings is associated with the amount of myocardium at risk for @entity1188 .

title: The relationship of @entity308 , lateral ST elevation, and left precordial ST elevation to myocardium at risk in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression', 'ST depression', 'inferior ST depression']

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['lateral defect border']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity10979 :: ('MESH:D017256', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium 99m-sestamibi']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute anterior myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity3291 is a @entity5 of primitive mesenchyme, probably derived from the dental apparatus. Surgical management of this benign but locally aggressive @entity5 is either by curettage or en bloc resection. Two cases of odontogenic @entity3291 of the mandible are reported. In one case, en bloc resection. Two cases of odontogenic @entity3291 of the mandible are reported. In one case, en block resection with immediate reconstruction was undertaken. In the second case, the @entity5 was thoroughly curetted. The first case was studied by electron microscopy. Six ultrastructural studies of seven odontogenic @entity3291 have been previously reported. The ultrastructural features of odontogenic epithelium that may be present in @entity3291 of the jaws have been examined by electron microscopy once before. Our observations are in agreement with those of other workers who suggest that the connective tissue cell is the proliferating component of the @entity5 and is very similar to a fibroblast but has enough ultrastructural and functional features to deserve the term myxoblast. The majority of the @entity5 cells are metabolically active and secretory and there is adequate evidence that the @entity5 matrix consists of large amounts of mucopolysaccharides. It is reasonable, therefore, to conclude that myxoblasts secrete the mucoid matrix that is so characteristic of odontogenic @entity3291 . Unlike normal or neoplastic fibroblasts, the myxoblasts are not engaged in abundant synthesis of banded collagen throughout the entire lesion.

title: XXXX . Surgical management and an ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['myxomas', 'Odontogenic myxoma', 'myxoma']

answer: @entity3291 :: (MESH:D009232,Disease) :: ['Odontogenic myxoma']


abstract: A pilot clinical trial was conducted in five @entity1 with severe @entity447 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a recombinant @entity1 factor @entity797 preparation, BAY w 6240 (rFVIII). In a comparative pharmacokinetic study of rFVIII and a plasma-derived factor @entity797 preparation (pdFVIII), the mean t1/2 values for rFVIII at week 1 and week 13 were 16.8 and 14.4 h, while this value for pdFVIII at week -2 was 16.9 h. There were no statistical differences between these values. The mean in vivo recovery rates of rFVIII were comparable to those of pdFVIII. When rFVIII was administered prophylactically three times a week for 4 weeks, no @entity548 episodes were observed. Seventy-four @entity548 episodes were assessed during the 6-month treatment period. The efficacy rate of the hemostatic effect was confirmed to be 95.9%. No adverse reactions attributable to rFVIII were observed in a total of 178 infusions. Neither FVIII-inhibitors nor antibodies to foreign proteins were detected. Vital signs and laboratory findings showed no significant changes attributable to rFVIII. These results suggest that rFVIII is safe and efficacious as replacement therapy for @entity447 .

title: Clinical evaluation of recombinant @entity1 factor @entity797 (BAY w 6240) in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia A']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with refractory/relapsed @entity3052 (rAML) is poor. Recent studies have shown that more transplant centers are choosing allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT) for recipients, even with a higher @entity1778 burden. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the outcome of rAML @entity1 undergoing allo-PBSCT and to determine whether the disease status can predict the post-transplantation survival. The outcome of 58 @entity1 (median age, 34 years; range, 14 to 52) with rAML who underwent allo-PBSCT in our institution from January 2000 until September 2011 was retrospectively studied. Thirty-three @entity1 had complete remission (CR) before PBSCT, whereas 25 @entity1 had no remission. Donors were matched related (31 @entity1 ) and unrelated (27 @entity1 ). Reduced-intensity conditioning was used for 18 @entity1 with rAML, and myeloablative conditioning was used for others. Sixty-six consecutive non-rAML @entity1 (median age, 33 years; range, 15 to 51) who received an allo-PBSCT at the same period were used as a control. Full donor-type engraftment was achieved in all @entity1 . After a median follow-up of 61 months, the 5-year overall survival of rAML @entity1 was 54.21%    7.06%, which was lower than non-rAML @entity1 (71.82%    6.4%, P  = .0386). However, the 5-year event-free survival for rAML and non-rAML @entity1 had no statistical significance (53.54%    6.87% versus 62.07%    6.78%, P  = .2626). The 5-year overall survival between rAML @entity1 who had CR and no remission before PBSCT was 56.06%    9.2% and 51.85%    10.83%, respectively (P  = .6408). These data demonstrate that allo-PBSCT is a promising and safe choice for the treatment of rAML, and the results were partially due to the rapid tapering of immunosuppressants in the early stage after PBSCT and prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion. Meanwhile, the @entity1 who did not achieve CR before PBSCT could also benefit from allo-PBSCT.

title: Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is a promising and safe choice for the treatment of refractory/relapsed XXXX , even with a higher @entity1778 burden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: WHO recommends @entity904 supplementation (VAS) at vaccination contacts after six months of age. The effect of this recommendation on mortality has not been evaluated. METHODS: We tested the effect of VAS at vaccination contacts on mortality in a randomised trial in Guinea-Bissau. In a subgroup within this trial we studied adverse reactions to VAS and whether VAS modified known adverse reactions to live and inactivated vaccines and general morbidity during the first month after supplementation overall and by sex. @entity1 aged 6-17 months were randomised to VAS or placebo at the day of vaccination (day 0). We interviewed the caretaker, assessed the fontanel and measured temperature and local reaction at the injection site at home visits on day 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 31. We defined systemic adverse reactions to inactivated and live vaccines as @entity221 on day 1 and 2 and on 4-14 respectively. Clinical symptoms associated with @entity428 ( @entity428 ) on day 1 were considered possible adverse reactions to VAS. RESULTS: In 1673 @entity1 VAS had no overall effect on clinical symptoms associated with @entity428 (Relative Risk(RR)=1.07 (95%CI: 0.85-1.35)). However, VAS was associated with such clinical symptoms in @entity1 RR=1.38 (1.00-1.91)) but not in @entity1 (p=0.03 for interaction between VAS and sex). VAS had no effect on @entity221 after inactivated vaccines. VAS had no overall effect on @entity221 after live vaccines (RR=0.86 (0.53-1.39)), but tended to reduce the prevalence of @entity221 in @entity1 (RR=0.58 (0.30-1.14)), but not in @entity1 (RR=1.37 (0.66-2.84)) (p=0.09 for interaction between VAS and sex). VAS was associated with increased local reactions to measles vaccine in both sexes (RR=3.65 (1.20-11.12)). CONCLUSION: Adverse reactions were rare, mild and transient and may not in their own right cause concern. However, VAS caused sex-differential adverse reactions and may have sex-differential effects on adverse reactions to vaccines.

title: High-dose XXXX supplementation administered with vaccinations after 6 months of age: sex-differential adverse reactions and morbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'increased intracranial pressure', 'increased ICP']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['vitamin A']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In recent years, a number of structurally diverse @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) inhibitors have been identified and these @entity15152 inhibitors induce @entity851 , differentiation and/or apoptosis of @entity5 cells in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed at investigating the anti- @entity5 activity of newly synthesized @entity15152 inhibitor, @entity45401 (IN-2001) using @entity1 @entity0 cells. METHODS: We have synthesized a new @entity15152 inhibitor, IN-2001, and cell proliferation inhibition assay with this chemical in @entity172 receptor-positive @entity1 @entity0 MCF-7 cells. Cell cycle analysis on MCF-7 cells treated with IN-2001 was carried out by flow cytometry and gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In MCF-7 cells IN-2001 showed remarkable anti-proliferative effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In MCF-7 cells, IN-2001 showed a more potent growth inhibitory effect than that of @entity782 . These growth inhibitory effects were related to the cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. IN-2001 showed accumulation of cells at G(2)/M phase and of the sub-G(1) population in a time-dependent manner, representing apoptotic cells. IN-2001-mediated cell cycle arrest was associated with @entity15152 inhibitor-mediated induction of CDK inhibitor expression. In MCF-7 cells, IN-2001 significantly increased @entity994 ( @entity994 ) expression. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) induced growth inhibition, possibly through modulation of cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory proteins, such as CDK inhibitors, and cyclins. Taken together, these results provide an insight into the utility of @entity15152 inhibitors as a novel chemotherapeutic regime for hormone-sensitive and insensitive @entity0 .

title: Anti- XXXX Effect of @entity45401 in MCF-7 @entity1 Breast @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity15152 :: ('9734', 'Gene') :: ['Histone deacetylase', 'HDAC']

entities_list: @entity45401 :: ('MESH:C511697', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4-dimethylamino phenyl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamide']

entities_list: @entity782 :: ('MESH:C111237', 'Chemical') :: ['suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: STUDY/PRINCIPLES: Pulmonary rehabilitation programmes are often costly and dependent on the infrastructure of specialised centres. We developed a modular, outpatient-based rehabilitation programme, which is inexpensive and can be implemented in a variety of settings. The aim of this study was to determine the effects and feasibility of this programme. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity1030 and 7 @entity1 with @entity565 were enrolled by their primary care physician because of dyspnoea. Initial assessment included cardiopulmonary exercise testing, six-minute walking distance, lung function testing and multiple questionnaires addressing dyspnoea, @entity308 and quality of life issues. The training consisted of 36 sessions of high intensity training of 2 hours duration to improve exercise tolerance, including 30 minutes of stationary cycling at the anaerobic threshold. Another complete assessment was done on completion of the study at 3 months. RESULTS: The six-minute walking distance improved significantly from 401 to 551 m (p < 0.0001). The maximal exercise capacity increased significantly from 85 W to 99 W (p < 0.001). The anaerobic threshold remained unchanged despite the high intensity training. There was a reduction of dyspnoea and an improvement of quality of life. CONCLUSION: This study shows that our outpatient rehabilitation programme leads to a benefit in exercise tolerance and health related quality of life comparable to other programmes published in the literature. The rehabilitation programme was very well accepted among @entity1 , primary care physicians and health insurers.

title: Pulmonary rehabilitation in outpatients with @entity565 or XXXX . A pilot study of a "modular" rehabilitation programme.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Oesophageal variceal @entity548 is a devastating @entity101 ( @entity101 ). This study was done to determine the risk factors for re- @entity548 within 5 days and mortality up to 6 weeks in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity548 ( @entity548 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 100 @entity1 presenting with haematemesis and/or melena due to @entity548 varices. All @entity1 were subjected to full clinical assessment, routine laboratory investigations, calculation of the @entity1 -Turcotte-Pugh ( @entity93 ) and @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) scores, abdominal ultrasound and emergency upper @entity344 . The @entity1 were followed up since admission and up to 6 weeks for the occurrence of rebleeding (in the first 5days) and mortality (up to 6weeks) after the acute attack. RESULTS: The @entity1 were grouped into three groups: Group I: @entity1 who survived more than 6 weeks following endoscopic management and did not rebleed during this period (75 @entity1 ). Group II: @entity1 who died within 6 weeks of @entity548 (10 @entity1 ). Group III: @entity1 who rebled or died within 5 days of @entity548 (15 @entity1 ). The mean @entity3851 score was significantly higher in group II (18.29  0.66) and group III (18.73  0.89) as compared to group I (12.8  2.1) (p=0.001). Active @entity548 at time of endoscopy was present in 8% of group I, 70% of group II and 53.3% of group III and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.003), while white nipple sign was present in 10.6% of group I, 90% of group II and 73.3% of group III and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.05). In conclusion high @entity3851 score (>18), presence of active @entity548 or white nipple sign at time of endoscopy are significant predictors for early rebleeding and mortality after @entity548 .

title: Predictors of early re- XXXX and mortality after @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['PHT', 'complication of portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['acute variceal haemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage', 'AVH']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['model for end stage liver disease', 'MELD']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Among @entity2 , well-differentiated @entity3270 are often misdiagnosed or may go unrecognized. Nineteen cases of @entity3270 ( @entity3270 ) were assessed at the National @entity5 Institute of Milan over a ten-year period. There was only one @entity1 and the age range was 50 to 77 years. Most of the @entity1 were smokers (83 percent). All @entity5 were radically resected. There were 12 lobectomies, two sleeve-lobectomies, three bilobectomies, one pneumonectomy, and two segmentectomies (one @entity1 had two synchronous WDNCs). There was neither operative mortality nor major complications. Sixteen @entity5 were stage 1, three were stage II, and one was stage IIIa. Five @entity1 had adjuvant chemotherapy ( @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 [ @entity3895 ] regimen). One @entity1 was given local or regional radiotherapy. In ten @entity1 the @entity5 recurred, even though four had had adjuvant treatment. The brain was the first site of @entity3 in seven cases. The pathologic stage seemed not to be closely related to the appearance of @entity3 (six @entity1 with stage I disease had recurrences). Only two @entity1 with recurrence were still alive 12 and 103 months after the procedure. The percentage of survival for @entity1 with stage I disease after more than 100 months was 68 percent. @entity3270 is similar to @entity151 ( @entity151 ) with regard to the neurotropism of @entity3 . Surgery is curative for more than one half of the @entity1 with @entity66 . Therefore, multimodal therapy, probably based on @entity5 behavior and investigations of @entity5 markers, is advisable.

title: Prognosis of XXXX of the lung.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung carcinoma', 'SCLC']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'neuroendocrine carcinomas', 'WDNC']

answer: @entity3270 :: (MESH:D018278,Disease) :: ['resected well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma']