abstract: @entity21101 (HNO), the protonated one-electron reduction product of NO, remains an enigmatic reactive @entity1568 species. Its chemical reactivity and biological activity are still not completely understood. HNO donors show biological effects different from NO donors. Although HNO reactivity with molecular @entity26 is described in the literature, the product of this reaction has not yet been unambiguously identified. Here we report that the decomposition of HNO donors under aerobic conditions in aqueous solutions at physiological pH leads to the formation of @entity6710 ( @entity29101 ) as a major intermediate. We have specifically detected and quantified @entity29101 with the aid of @entity15841 probes, e.g. coumarin-7-boronic acid or 4-boronobenzyl derivative of fluorescein methyl ester. In addition to the major phenolic products, @entity6710 -specific minor products of oxidation of @entity15841 probes were detected under these conditions. Using the competition kinetics method and a set of HNO scavengers, the value of the second order rate constant of the HNO reaction with @entity26 (k = 1.8 * 10(4) m(-1) s(-1)) was determined. The rate constant (k = 2 * 10(4) m(-1) s(-1)) was also determined using kinetic simulations. The kinetic parameters of the reactions of HNO with selected @entity1433 , including @entity462 , @entity3902 , @entity898 , @entity3371 , @entity291 and human serum albumins, and @entity3957 , are reported. Biological and cardiovascular implications of @entity21101 reactions are discussed.

title: XXXX (HNO) Reacts with Molecular @entity26 and Forms @entity6710 at Physiological pH: BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity21101 :: ('MESH:C039900', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroxyl', 'Nitroxyl']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity15841 :: ('CHEBI:50978', 'Chemical') :: ['boronate']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity21101 :: (MESH:C039900,Chemical) :: ['Nitroxyl']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is a frequently used immunosuppressive agent in transplant medicine to prevent rejection and in the treatment of @entity792 . However, @entity870 generates reactive @entity26 species, which causes nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and @entity1370 . The use of antioxidants reduces the adverse effects of @entity870 . The aim of this study is to determine the protective effects of @entity64117 on @entity870 -induced @entity3697 through tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and light microscopic evaluation in @entity35 . @entity870 @entity1370 was induced by administrating an oral dose of 15mg/kg @entity870 daily for 21 days. The @entity35 were divided into four groups: control group (n=4), @entity870 administrated group (15mg/kg, n=5), @entity870 + @entity64117 administrated group (10mg/kg day orally @entity64117 , n=4) and only @entity64117 administrated group (10mg/kg day orally n=5). @entity870 treated @entity35 showed increase in the number of infiltrated cells and disorganization of @entity296 with @entity82 . The number of infiltrated cells, disorganization of @entity296 and @entity82 was diminished in the hearts of @entity870 -treated @entity35 given @entity64117 . The @entity1234 , the protein @entity6738 content and @entity842 levels were increased in the @entity205 group in comparison with the control and @entity870 plus @entity64117 groups. The activities of @entity224 dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity2197 -Px) were higher in @entity870 plus @entity64117 group than @entity870 group. However, the CAT, @entity2197 -Px and SOD activities were significantly lower in @entity870 group than in control group and @entity64117 group. These results suggest that @entity64117 has protective effect against @entity870 -induced @entity1370 .

title: The protective effect of XXXX against @entity205 -induced @entity1370 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibers']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity64117 :: ('MESH:C048498', 'Chemical') :: ['erdosteine']

entities_list: @entity3697 :: ('MESH:D006335', 'Disease') :: ['heart injury']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity64117 :: (MESH:C048498,Chemical) :: ['erdosteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a training protocol on aerobic and anaerobic fitness in @entity1 with @entity565 . STUDY DESIGN: Sixteen @entity1 (mean age: 13 years; range: 10-16 years) with mild-to-moderate @entity565 participated in a rehabilitation program that included 6 weeks of individualized training on a cycle ergometer. Two groups were randomly formed: the control group (CG, n = 7) and the @entity1585 ( @entity1585 , n = 9), which exercised at an intensity set at the heart rate corresponding to the ventilatory threshold, with 1-minute sprints against the maximal aerobic power (MAP) every 4 minutes. Session duration was 45 minutes, 3 sessions per week. Changes in maximal @entity26 uptake (VO(2)max), MAP, short-term peak power (PP), and pulmonary function were assessed. RESULTS: Two @entity1 of the @entity1585 did not complete the study. Pulmonary function remained unchanged in both groups. Improvement in both aerobic and anaerobic fitness was significant only in the @entity1585 ( @entity1585 vs CG): VO(2)max +18% +/- 2.1% versus +9% +/- 4.5% (P <.05), MAP +32% +/- 5% versus 12% +/- 7% (P <.05), PP +21% +/- 5.7% versus +8.8% +/- 10% (P <.01). CONCLUSION: Exercise training with high-intensity bouts is well tolerated in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity565 . When included in a global rehabilitation program, this type of training improves both aerobic and anaerobic fitness. Anaerobic activities should be considered in sports rehabilitation programs for @entity1 with @entity565 .

title: Training of aerobic and anaerobic fitness in XXXX with @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'training group']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Since there are currently no data available from a prospective trial, the primary objective of this prospective study was to investigate whether the rate of R0-liver resections without morbidity would be at least 50 % in @entity1 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases. @entity1 AND METHODS: 42 @entity1 were treated with a biweekly FOLFOX regimen. Chemotherapy consisted of a 2-hour infusion of @entity4181 (FOL) 500 mg/m2, followed by a 24-hour infusion of @entity1487 (F) 2000 mg/m2 daily for two days. @entity901 (OX) 85 mg/m 2 was given simultaneously with FOL. Treatment allocation was randomized with either 3 or 6 cycles for the final 30 @entity1 . A liver resection was performed 2 to 5 weeks after the final infusion. RESULTS: An objective response was observed in 20 of 42 @entity1 (response rate was 27 % higher after 6 cycles). Liver resection (R0) could be performed in 34 @entity1 . @entity260 were reported in 14 @entity1 (13 occurring within 30 days after resection) and severe complications in 5 cases (including two @entity204 after extended resection). @entity1578 and persistent @entity3116 were the most frequently documented complications. There was no relevant difference in safety criteria between 3 and 6 applications. CONCLUSION: The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable liver metastases induced significant remissions without increasing morbidity. The rate of severe complications and cases of no R0-resection in this study was 31 % and was with that significantly lower than 50 % (95 % CI 17.6 %-47.1 %). The risk to the @entity1 is therefore acceptable when undergoing neoadjuvant treatment in a prospective intergroup trial.

title: Prospective pilot study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity4181 and @entity901 in resectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Analysis of 42 neoadjuvant chemotherapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['Liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5- fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the distribution and expression of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)/ @entity31246 ( @entity31246 ) in the rectum of a rodent @entity308 model and the interventional effect of Xiaoyaosan (XYS). METHODS: Male @entity35 (n = 45) of clean grade (200    20 g) were divided into five groups after one week of adaptive feeding: primary control, @entity308 model, low dose XYS, middle dose XYS, and high dose XYS. The animal experiment continued for 3 wk. Primary controls were fed normally ad libitum. The @entity35 of all other groups were raised in solitary and exposed to classic chronic mild unpredictable stimulation each day. XYS groups were perfused intragastrically with low dose, middle dose, and high dose XYS one hour before stimulation. Primary control and @entity308 model groups were perfused intragastrically with normal saline under similar conditions as the XYS groups. Three weeks later, all @entity35 were sacrificed, and the expression levels of CNP and @entity31246 in rectum tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. RESULTS: CNP and @entity31246 were both expressed in the rectum tissues of all @entity35 . However, the expression levels of CNP and @entity31246 at both gene and protein levels in the @entity308 model group were significantly higher when compared to the primary control group (n = 9; P < 0.01). XYS intervention markedly inhibited the expression levels of CNP and @entity31246 in @entity308 @entity35 . The expression levels of CNP and @entity31246 in the high dose XYS group did not significantly differ from the expression levels in the primary control group. Additionally, the high and middle dose XYS groups (but not the low dose group) significantly exhibited lower CNP and @entity31246 expression levels in the rectum tissues of the respectively treated @entity35 compared to the untreated @entity308 model cohort (n = 9; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The CNP/ @entity31246 pathway is upregulated in the rectum of @entity308 @entity35 and may be one mechanism for @entity308 -associated digestive disorders. XYS antagonizes this pathway at least partially.

title: CNP signal pathway up-regulated in rectum of @entity308 XXXX and the interventional effect of Xiaoyaosan.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity31246 :: ('116564(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['NPR-B', 'natriuretic peptide receptor B']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Between 1993 and 2000, 24 @entity1 with @entity706 underwent high-dose chemo/radiotherapy and allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Median age was 44 years, median interval from diagnosis to @entity8 was 24 months and the median number of prior lines of treatment was three. Donor source was HLA matched sibling (23) or matched unrelated donor (one). Conditioning therapy was busulfan based in 22 @entity1 and included total body irradiation in two. All @entity1 received i.v. @entity205 and short-course @entity1499 for GVHD prophylaxis. Nineteen @entity1 are alive, a median of 2.3 years post @entity8 . @entity204 occurred due to transplant complications in four @entity1 and one @entity1 died of a @entity64 10 months post @entity8 . No @entity1 have relapsed. The overall and progression-free survival was 78% (95% CI 63-97). Allogeneic @entity8 for @entity1 with progressive @entity706 is feasible and may result in prolonged disease-free survival.

title: Allogeneic @entity8 for progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic stem cell transplantation', 'HSCT']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neural remodeling of the atrium plays an important role in the initiation of @entity955 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ); however, the effects of the left stellate ganglion (LSG) on the neural remodeling of the atrium remain incompletely understood. Thus, this study investigated the mechanism by which the LSG mediates sympathetic neural remodeling of the left atrium (LA) in @entity35 after @entity583 . METHODS: Sixty @entity35 were randomly divided into a Sham group and an @entity583 group. The expression levels of @entity9270 ( @entity9270 ) and @entity2137 ( @entity2137 ) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution and density of @entity9270 - and @entity2137 -positive nerves. The expression levels of the proteins were quantified by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the Sham group, @entity9270 mRNA expression in the LSG was increased in the @entity583 group (P < 0.01), but not significantly increased in the LA. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that in both the LSG and the LA, the mean densities of @entity9270 - and @entity2137 -positive nerves in the @entity583 group were increased (P < 0.01). In both the LSG and the LA, the protein levels of @entity9270 and @entity2137 in the @entity583 group were increased relative to the Sham group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The increased levels of @entity2137 and @entity9270 proteins can induce sympathetic nerve hyperinnervation in the LSG and the LA after @entity583 . The increased @entity9270 proteins in the LA, which may have been transported from the LSG, accelerated LA sympathetic neural remodeling in @entity35 .

title: The Effect of the Left Stellate Ganglion on Sympathetic Neural Remodeling of the Left Atrium in @entity35 Following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity1 with portal vein @entity5 @entity715 (PVTT) from @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is poor; without treatment, their survival is less than 3months. We retrospectively evaluated the treatment outcomes of conformal radiation therapy (CRT) in @entity1 with @entity157 -PVTT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity157 @entity1 with PVTT in whom other treatment modalities were not indicated underwent CRT. The total dose was translated into a @entity10204 ( @entity10204 ) of 23.4-59.5Gy(10) (median 50.7Gy(10)) as the alpha/beta ratio=10. Predictive factors including the age, performance status, @entity1 -Pugh classification, PVTT size, and @entity10204 were evaluated for @entity5 response and survival. RESULTS: Complete response (CR), partial response (PR), @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were observed in 6 (15.8%), 11 (28.9%), 17 (44.7%), and 4 (10.5%) @entity1 , respectively. The response rate (CR+PR) was 44.7%. The PVTT size (<30 vs. 30mm) and @entity10204 (<58 vs. 58Gy(10)) were significant factors for @entity5 response. The median survival and 1-year survival rate were 9.6months and 39.4%. The @entity1 -Pugh classification (A vs. B) and @entity10204 were significant factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS: CRT is effective not only for @entity5 response but also for survival in @entity157 -PVTT @entity1 in whom other treatment modalities are not indicated.

title: Conformal radiation therapy for portal vein XXXX @entity715 of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'biologic effective dose']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7305 Background: The objective of the current study was to define the activity and tolerability, as well as the influence on resectability, of the combination of @entity1311 and @entity900 as induction chemotherapy for @entity1 with stage IIIA N2 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Thirty-four chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with @entity1149 , median age of 61 years, stage IIIA N2 disease, and the ability to tolerate pneumonectomy received a combination of @entity1311 175mg/m(2)over 3 hours and @entity900 60mg/m(2)every 3 weeks for two cycles preoperatively. Three postoperative cycles, each consisting of an attenuated dose of @entity1311 135mg/m(2) over 3 hours and @entity3003 AUC 5, were planned every 3 weeks for @entity1 undergoing surgical resection. RESULTS: Of the 34 eligible @entity1 , there were no @entity1 who showed a complete response (CR) and 22 who showed a partial response (PR), resulting in a response rate of 65%. Overall, 29 @entity1 (85%) underwent thoracotomy and 25 (74%) underwent complete resection. The mediastinal nodes were @entity5 free in 21%. Grade 3-4 hematologic @entity137 was uncommon. Grade 3 @entity1431 occurred in three cycles (4%) and there was one case of @entity221 . Grade 3-4 non-hematologic @entity137 was also uncommon, apart from alopecia. Grade 1-2 @entity1897 occurred in 21% of the @entity1 . At a median follow-up of 19.5 months, the median time to progression for the 34 @entity1 was 12.1 months (95% CI, 9.2-14.9 months) and the median overall survival was 23.6 months (95% CI, 19.9-29.3 months). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with stage IIIA N2 @entity1149 , @entity1311 and @entity900 is an active and very well-tolerated induction regimen. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity900 in Stage IIIA N2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to help diagnose and deal with the fetal @entity2333 in time, we retrospectively reviewed 8 @entity1 who presented with @entity1971 ( @entity1971 ) but actually suffered from low spinal nerve @entity63 due to @entity2333 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 8 @entity1 were initially diagnosed as @entity1971 . 7 @entity1 were confirmed with @entity2333 . 1 @entity1 was confirmed with @entity887 post emergent laminectomy. Relief of @entity1971 symptoms was evaluated during preoperation and follow-up period. RESULTS: 1 @entity1 was diagnosed as @entity1580 and 5 @entity1 as AAA. These 6 @entity1 underwent endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). The @entity1971 was relieved in 5-10 d post procedure. The 7th @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity432 and then underwent catheter directed thrombolysis with recombinant @entity1456 (rTPA) for 20 h and @entity1971 disappeared. The JOA scores of the 7 @entity1 were recovered from preoperative 15.14  1.21 to 21.00  2.16 within 5-10 d (P<0.01), and evaluated to be 24.12  1.34, 25.88  1.21 and 26.29  1.11 at 3 m-, 6 m- and 12 m-follow-up point, respectively. The 8th @entity1 was initially diagnosed as @entity2649 and @entity890 . The @entity1 underwent emergent vertebral canal decompression and presented with serious @entity1971 symptoms. CTA confirmed that the @entity1 had been suffered from @entity887 ( @entity887 ). CONCLUSION: @entity1971 caused by @entity2333 is a special event with fetal consequences if it is not recognized and treated promptly. Orthopedists and neurosurgeons should pay attentions particularly to this issue to preserve the cauda equina functions to their maximums.

title: @entity1971 : an uncommon symptom of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['aortic saddle embolism', 'ASE']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute abdominal aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic diseases', 'aortic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome', 'CES']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic diseases']


abstract: The purpose of the current study was to determine the incidence of @entity397 within a defined population, to describe the demographics of affected individuals, and to identify potential risk factors. The healthcare system in this study provides care to a known number of members in an area defined by @entity10688 codes and proximity to the medical center. Medical records for all members who presented with injuries about the elbow during a 5-year period were reviewed. Thirteen @entity1 and one @entity1 with an average age of 47 years comprised the study population. The dominant extremity was involved in 86% of @entity1 . All @entity1 described a mechanism involving @entity2701 as the arm was forced from a flexed position. The incidence of injury in the membership population averaged 1.2 ruptures per 100,000 @entity1 per year. Forty-three percent reported regular @entity286 use, whereas only 9% of all members were smokers. A Poisson regression analysis revealed a 7.5 times greater risk of @entity397 in @entity1 who smoke. The incidence of @entity397 is 1.2 per 100,000 @entity1 , with the majority in the dominant elbow of @entity1 who smoke and who are in their fourth decade of life.

title: XXXX : incidence, demographics, and the effect of smoking.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['distal biceps tendon ruptures', 'distal biceps tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['excessive eccentric tension']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Distal biceps tendon ruptures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The phosphorylation states and the inferred activation of specific members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (p42/44, @entity12220 , and SAPK/JNK) were quantitated in the livers of @entity35 by Western blot analysis during the progression of @entity295 . In addition, the authors examined the effects of insulin and @entity3927 ( @entity3927 ) administration on these signal transduction pathways during @entity295 . METHODS: @entity295 was brought about by the @entity1588 ( @entity1588 ) method. The control group underwent sham operation. One experimental group was injected with insulin (0.5 U/kg, IV); prior to the @entity1588 or sham procedure, the second group was injected with @entity3927 , a glucocorticoid antagonist ( @entity3927 , 20 mg/kg, IP), and the third group was injected with saline (control). RESULTS: The activities of SAPK/JNK were unaltered throughout the course of @entity295 , while those of p42/44 MAPK increased four-fold after 24 hours of @entity295 . The activation of @entity12220 MAPK was also increased after 0.5 and 1.5 hours of @entity295 , but returned to normal during late @entity295 (24 hours). @entity35 that had received @entity3927 before @entity1588 showed no change in p42/44 MAPK compared with the untreated group, but the drug appeared to suppress the activation after 24 hours post- @entity1588 . SAPK/JNK activation, on the other hand, was slightly enhanced by @entity3927 pretreatment after 1.5 and 24 hours of @entity1588 compared with the untreated @entity1588 and the treated sham-operated @entity35 . Insulin, given preoperatively, had no effect on the activation of SAPK/JNK, although p42/44 MAPK pathways were activated by the hormone at 0.5 hours and 1.5 hours post- @entity1588 only, but not in the sham-operated controls or at 24 hours post- @entity1588 . The @entity12220 MAPK activation seen after 0.5 and 1.5 hours of @entity1588 was suppressed by @entity3927 . Insulin pretreatment appears to suppress the phosphorylation of @entity12220 in both the @entity1588 and sham-operated groups. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that @entity295 induces two phases of MAPK activation, an early phase in which @entity12220 is active, followed by a second, more pronounced phase of p42/44 MAPK activation that occurs only late in @entity295 . Hormonal administration results suggest that @entity3927 suppresses the activation of @entity12220 seen in @entity295 , and the activation of p42/44 MAPK seen in late @entity295 .

title: Modulations of signal transduction pathways during XXXX and the effects of insulin and @entity3927 .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis', 'early sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1588 :: ('MESH:D002429', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cecal ligation and puncture']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain prospective data on feasibility and safety of intra-articular injections of hylan G-F20 in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity570 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with primary @entity570 , Kellgren-Lawrence grade II-III, aged > or = 40 and walking @entity158 50-90 mm on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were enrolled in an open-label, multicentre pilot trial. Hylan G-F20 (2 ml) was injected intra-articularly (IA) in the hip under fluoroscopy at D0, and follow-up visits were performed at D7-30-60-90. The possibility of a second injection at D30-60 or 90 was considered if the reported @entity158 level was equivalent to baseline. Adverse events, walking @entity158 (VAS), WOMAC index, @entity1 and physician's global assessment were recorded at each visit. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 1 injection and 32 received 2 injections. Transient @entity158 was reported following 10.1% of injections, but no @entity1 withdrew from the study because of this. Two mild synovial fluid aseptic effusions occurred after the first injection. No systemic device-related adverse event was reported. Walking @entity158 decreased from 69.3 mm at entry to 39.5 mm at the end point (p < 0.0001). All other outcome measures decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Viscosupplementation with hylan G-F20 is feasible, easy to perform and well-tolerated in @entity570 . A double-blind, controlled study should be performed to confirm data on its efficacy.

title: Intra-articular injections of hylan G-F 20 in @entity1 with symptomatic XXXX : an open-label, multicentre, pilot study.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis', 'hip OA']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['hip osteoarthritis']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the occurrence of @entity137 associated with the administration of low-dose @entity1199 in conjunction with vaccines for @entity320 . Ninety-three @entity1 with stage IIB, III, or IV @entity320 were enrolled in three clinical trials and received anti- @entity320 vaccines on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, and 43. The vaccines comprised peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, autologous @entity5 cells with @entity2841 in Montanide ISA-51, or synthetic peptides with @entity2841 in Montanide ISA-51. In conjunction with the vaccines, all @entity1 were administered 3 x 10(6) IU/m2/d @entity1199 subcutaneously for 42 days, either days 8 to 49 or 29 to 70. Clinical and laboratory data from these studies were reviewed in aggregate to evaluate the occurrence of @entity137 . Of 91 evaluable @entity1 , @entity1694 was documented in 6 @entity1 (7%). In addition, one @entity1 experienced transient severe @entity1723 that resolved after discontinuing @entity1199 , and another experienced an exacerbation of his pre-existing @entity6 ; these occurrences are consistent with an @entity792 . Four occurrences (4%) of transient minor @entity2194 were documented, but no autoimmune ocular @entity137 or changes in visual acuity were found. Of 55 evaluable @entity1 , 14 experienced @entity1374 (25%). These were attributed to an @entity1669 , which was supported by findings of antithyroid antibodies in three of the seven @entity1 evaluated. Overall, @entity137 affecting several organ systems were observed in @entity1 receiving @entity320 vaccines in conjunction with low-dose @entity1199 . None of these @entity137 caused major long-term effects, though one was acutely life-threatening and others contributed to treatment-related morbidity. Peptide- or cell-based vaccines administered in combination with low-dose @entity1199 appear to be capable of breaking tolerance to self-antigens; despite the associated @entity137 , these combinations may still be useful to administer as an immunotherapy for @entity5 . However, careful monitoring for @entity137 should be incorporated in future clinical studies incorporating low-dose @entity1199 .

title: @entity137 associated with the administration of antitumor vaccines and low-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune toxicities', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune insulitis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid abnormalities']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study attempted to evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery in @entity151 ( @entity151 ). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 106 @entity151 @entity1 who underwent complete resections from February 2000 to February 2012 in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. Among these cases, two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapies were administered to all pathologically confirmed @entity1 [Group Neoadjuvant (Group N)]. For those without pathology, operations followed by adjuvant chemotherapies were performed [Group Adjuvant (Group A)]. Prognostic features and overall survival (OS) were compared using the log-rank test and calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Group N included 47 cases and Group A included 59 cases. A total of 57 @entity1 were male and 49 were female, with a mean age of 56.1    10.2 years. A total of 41 @entity1 were at pathological stage (p-Stage) IIIa, and 65 @entity1 were at I or II. The overall 5-year survival rate (5-YS) was 28%. The 5-YS for p-Stage I-II (n = 65) was significantly better than that of p-Stage III (n = 41) (35 vs 20%, P = 0.034). For p-Stage IIIa (pN2 positive), the 5-YS of Group N was significantly better than that of Group A (34 vs 12%, P = 0.020). The median overall survival for Group N and Group A in IIIa (pN2 positive) @entity151 @entity1 were 46 and 15 months (P = 0.009), respectively. Multivariate analysis for survival showed mediastinal lymph node involvement; surgery and histopathology of @entity4153 were both significant independent predictors of long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery provided reasonable options for pIIIa-N2 @entity151 @entity1 , which can give them a better chance of survival.

title: Is neoadjuvant chemotherapy mandatory for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['limited-disease small-cell lung cancer', 'LD-SCLC']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['limited-disease small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of morcellation during surgery on clinical outcome in unexpected early uterine @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ) using a @entity5 -size-matched comparison study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes of @entity1 with Stage 1 uterine @entity11293 from April 1993 to April 2014 in a university-based tertiary hospital. @entity1 who received morcellation via abdomen, vagina, or laparoscopy were compared with @entity5 -size-matched @entity1 who underwent total hysterectomy without morcellation. RESULTS: In total, 34 consecutive @entity1 were identified, including 14 @entity1 with morcellation and 20 @entity1 without morcellation. There were no significant difference between the two groups of @entity1 in age, parity, mitotic count, lymph node dissection, and adjuvant therapy. Six (42.9%) @entity1 with morcellation were reoperated at 18.5 days after the initial surgery. @entity5 recurrence rates at local and distant sites showed no difference between the two groups of @entity1 . @entity1 with morcellation had a marginally lower disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates compared with @entity1 without morcellation. In univariate analysis, morcellation was marginally significantly associated with lower DFS [hazard ratio (HR), 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-7.71; p  =  0.08] and @entity1349 (HR, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-8.20; p  =  0.08). In multivariate analysis, morcellation was associated with lower @entity1349 in marginal significance (HR, 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-10.39; p  =  0.09). CONCLUSION: @entity5 morcellation did not increase the abdominal-pelvic recurrence rate, but may be associated with lower DFS and @entity1349 in Stage 1 @entity11293 .

title: Clinical outcome affected by @entity5 morcellation in unexpected early uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['LMSs', 'leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little attention has been focused on the role of fluid-induced wall shear stress in fully developed @entity438 . The purpose of this study is to evaluate the alternation and distribution of wall shear stress over 1 cardiac cycle in @entity1 ' @entity439 . METHODS: A @entity438 and a basilar tip @entity439 with localized outpouching ( @entity4530 ) in their domes were selected for this study. With the use of a stereo lithography machine, geometrically realistic @entity439 models were created on the basis of 3-dimensional CT angiograms. In vitro shearing velocity measurement was conducted with the use of laser-Doppler velocimetry at multiple points on the aneurysmal wall to calculate the value of wall shear stress. The wall shear stress was documented at multiple points in the @entity439 inflow zone, dome, and outflow zone. RESULTS: Distribution of wall shear stress was not uniform in the @entity439 walls, and particular regions were exposed to relatively high wall shear stress. The wall shear stress changed dynamically throughout 1 cardiac cycle at the point where a high value of wall shear stress was noted. The @entity4530 of both @entity439 were exposed to high wall shear stress. Unlike previous reports in which an ideal spherical @entity439 model was used, the @entity439 inflow zone was not exposed to high shear stress. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro @entity439 models based on the @entity1 ' angiograms allowed us to conduct a more realistic evaluation of wall shear stress in the @entity439 harboring @entity4530 . These results provide us with further indications of the correlation of wall shear stress with the natural history of @entity438 .

title: In vitro measurement of fluid-induced wall shear stress in unruptured XXXX harboring @entity4530 .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms', 'middle cerebral artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: The clinical success of cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis has been limited in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity63 . We previously reported that an @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), which is a nano-scaled @entity692 (HAp)-coated polymer microsphere, enhances therapeutic angiogenesis. Subsequently, we developed a modified @entity1358 for clinical use, measuring 50 m in diameter using poly(l-lactide-co-  -caprolactone) as a biodegradable polymer, which achieved appropriately accelerated absorption in vivo. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this practical @entity1358 in @entity6 hindlimb @entity63 . Bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) were intramuscularly injected, without or with a practical @entity1358 , into the @entity63 hindlimbs of @entity19 (BMNCs or @entity1358 +BMNCs group, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the beneficial effects of BMNC transplantation for limb salvage after @entity63 surgery were almost entirely abrogated in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity19 . In contrast, injection of @entity1358 +BMNCs revealed significant limb salvage in @entity6 @entity19 to a similar extent as in non- @entity6 @entity19 . The number of apoptotic transplanted BMNCs was 1.8-fold higher in @entity6 @entity19 10days after transplantation compared to non- @entity6 @entity19 , while that in the @entity1358 +BMNCs group was markedly lower (8.3% of that in the BMNCs group) even in @entity6 @entity19 . The proangiogenic factors @entity1611 and @entity10245 , also known as antiapoptotic factors, mostly co-localized with transplanted GFP-positive BMNCs that were closely aggregated around the @entity1358 in @entity63 tissue. In conclusion, the practical @entity1358 significantly augmented cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis even in @entity6 animals, through local accumulation of proangiogenic factors and antiapoptotic effects in transplanted cells.

title: Injectable cell scaffold restores impaired cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis in XXXX @entity19 with hindlimb @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'critical limb ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['injectable cell scaffold', 'ICS']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity32 , @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ), and @entity263 in the @entity235 as a @entity1 model in @entity4623 . The study was carried out on 12 cases of different male @entity235 of terrier (50%), German shepherd (25%) breeds, and Greden (25%), and the age of the @entity235 ranged from 6 to 13 years (average age 7.8        3.6). The bodyweight ranged from 3.6 to 7.9 kg. Signalment, clinical signs, and diagnostic tools such as ultrasonography, urinary cytology, and histopathology are presented. Dysuria was the most common clinical sign in this study and occurred in 10/12 @entity235 (83.3%) included. Other clinical signs included @entity1273 (5/12 @entity235 , 41.6%) and @entity1142 (3/12 @entity235 , 25%). The range of duration of clinical signs was 5 days to 7 months. Moreover, in the present study, the urinary biochemical markers of different @entity4623 include blood, protein, and @entity413 and were detected in 11/12 cases (91.6%), 5/12 cases (41.6%), and 2/12 cases (16.6%), respectively. Taken together, sonographic data were classified into four groups based on histological diagnosis. In 7/12 cases (58.4%), the prostate appeared to have @entity1067 , and the remaining lesions included @entity32 (3/12 cases, 25%), abscess (1 case, 8.3%), and @entity420 (1 case, 8/3%) on ultrasound. In all cases, prostate tissue had an irregular echotexture. None of the @entity235 had sonographic evidence of @entity1600 . Histopathologically, we looked at the prevalence of @entity32 (33.3% chronic and 8.3% acute) and @entity1067 (58.4%) in @entity235 of different ages and breeds, and also, we observed @entity32 in >20% of @entity235 , which was about 25% in 3 cases of the 12 cases referred. More @entity32 was associated with more @entity1067 . The majority of the asymptomatic @entity32 that is detected in the prostate is classified as @entity32 (i.e., as evidenced by the presence of monocytic and/or lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory cell infiltrates); however, acute @entity32 is also observed to a lesser degree. Acute @entity32 , as is typically evidenced by the infiltration of neutrophils, is classically an indicator of an infectious process. Finally, the @entity1 included seven castrated, four castrated together with antibiotic therapy, and one castrated together with chemotherapy intact male @entity235 , which were treated with the mentioned cases. In conclusion, chronic @entity1069 could be a central mechanism in @entity1067 progression, but the pathological features of tissue @entity32 were different between @entity1067 and @entity263 ( @entity263 ). Nevertheless, the histological examination of prostate biopsies remains the only way to diagnose @entity4623 .

title: Diagnostic investigations of @entity235 XXXX incidence together with @entity1067 , @entity1069 , and biochemical recurrence in high-risk @entity263 as a model for @entity1 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'acute and chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'cancer of the prostate glands', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['BPH', 'BPH lesions', 'benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sublumbar lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostate lesions', 'prostate disorders', 'prostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation is a double-edged sword to @entity649 ( @entity649 ) including @entity651 , and systemic inflammatory response high tidal volumes are thought to increase mortality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of dynamic ventilatory factors on ventilator induced @entity651 in a @entity235 model of @entity649 induced by @entity5836 instillation under volume controlled ventilation and to investigate the relationship between the dynamic factors and ventilator-induced @entity651 (VILI) and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy @entity235 were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. Subjects in the experimental group were then further divided into four groups by different inspiratory stages of flow. Two mL of alveolar fluid was aspirated for detection of @entity7260 and @entity19208 . Lung tissue specimens were also extracted for total RNA, @entity7260 by western blot and observed under an electronic microscope. RESULTS: @entity7260 protein expression was significantly higher in group B than in groups A and D. Although the @entity7260 protein expression was decreased in group C compared with group B, the difference was not statistically significant. The @entity19208 ray degree of group B was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.01), especially in group C (P>0.05). The alveolar volume of subjects in group B was significantly smaller, and cavity infiltration and cell autolysis were marked with a significant thicker @entity133 , disorder of interval structures, and blurring of collagenous and elastic fiber structures. A large number of @entity39 debris tissue was observed in group B. CONCLUSION: Mechanical ventilation with a large tidal volume, a high inspiratory flow and a high ventilation frequency can cause significant damage to lung tissue structure. It can significantly increase the expression of @entity19208 and @entity7260 as well as their mRNA expression. Furthermore, the results of our study showed that small tidal ventilation significantly reduces the release of pro-inflammatory media. This finding suggests that greater deterioration in @entity651 during @entity649 is associated with high inspiratory flow and high ventilation rate.

title: Effects of dynamic ventilatory factors on ventilator-induced @entity651 in @entity649 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar septa']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injuries', 'lung injury']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The A2B @entity859 receptor (AR) has emerged as a unique member of the AR family with contrasting roles during acute and chronic disease states. We utilized @entity219 -finger nuclease technology to create A2BAR gene ( @entity67094 )-disrupted @entity35 on the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) genetic background. This strategy yielded a @entity35 (SS- @entity67094 mutant @entity35 ) with a 162-base pair in-frame deletion of @entity67094 that included the start codon. Disruption of A2BAR function in SS- @entity67094 mutant @entity35 was confirmed by loss of agonist ( @entity24980 or @entity19350 )-induced @entity268 accumulation and loss of @entity568 release from isolated fibroblasts. In addition, @entity24980 produced a dose-dependent increase in @entity413 mobilization that was absent in SS- @entity67094 mutants. Upon initial characterization, SS- @entity67094 mutant @entity35 were found to exhibit increased body weight, a transient delay in @entity413 clearance, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production following challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, blood pressure was elevated to a greater extent (   15-20  mmHg) in SS- @entity67094 mutants as they aged from 7 to 21  weeks. In contrast, @entity101 augmented by @entity1605 was attenuated in SS- @entity67094 mutant @entity35 . Despite differences in blood pressure, indices of renal and @entity299 were similar in SS- @entity67094 mutants during Ang II-augmented @entity101 . We have successfully created and validated a new animal model that will be valuable for investigating the biology of the A2BAR. Our data indicate varying roles for A2BAR signaling in regulating blood pressure in SS @entity35 , playing both anti- and prohypertensive roles depending on the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to blood pressure elevation.

title: Characterization of Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 with genetic disruption of the A2B @entity859 receptor gene: implications for A2B @entity859 receptor signaling during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Ang II infusion']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat strain', 'rats']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) has recently become established as a successful treatment for severe @entity1119 . In this unit the indications for ETS have been broadened to include @entity1 with @entity2407 and @entity3140 and this paper is primarily concerned with analysing outcome in relation to the indication for operation. In all, 68 operations have been attempted in 40 @entity1 and complete follow-up details are available on 62 treated limbs. One operation was a technical failure because of an obliterated @entity1143 . In the @entity1119 group (n = 28), all the affected areas showed symptomatic improvement at a median follow-up of 17 months. In the Raynaud's group (n = 30), 28 limbs (93%) were improved to some degree at the time of discharge, but at a median follow-up of 18 months only 15 limbs (50%) remained symtomatically improved to some degree. The four upper limbs treated for critical ischaemia were improved by ETS and no amputations were necessary. Significant postoperative @entity662 was noted by nine @entity1 (23%). There were three postoperative pneumothoraces, two @entity9 and one transient @entity4820 . The cosmetic result was reported as excellent or good by 97% of @entity1 . As with other forms of surgical thoracic sympathectomy, excellent early results are not maintained in the longer term when ETS is used to treat @entity2407 . Nevertheless, the greater simplicity and lower morbidity of the endoscopic method suggest that it can be offered to Raynaud's sufferers with greater impunity than open sympathectomies.

title: Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy: successful in XXXX but can the indications be extended?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['critical upper limb ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis', 'palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['intercostobrachial neuralgias']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ability to rise from a chair to reach a standing position is impaired after @entity64 . This paper aims to review for the first time the factors that impact the ability to rise from a chair and identify recommendations for post- @entity64 rehabilitation. METHODS: In order to analyse relevant scientific publications (French and English), the search terms " @entity64 ", "rehabilitation" and "sit-to-stand" ( @entity2031 and its variations) were used. The initial literature search identified 122 titles and abstracts for full review and 46 were retained because both the junior and senior researchers agreed that they were aligned with the objectives of this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During @entity2031 , most individuals with @entity1269 able to stand independently presented several changes such as lateral deviation of the trunk towards the unaffected side (ipsilesional side), asymmetrical weight bearing (WB) and asymmetry of knee moment forces. Interestingly, the WB asymmetry was observed even before seat-off, when subjects with @entity1269 still had their thighs in contact with the chair suggesting a planned strategy. Among other interesting results, the time to execute the @entity2031 was longer than in controls and influenced by the sensorimotor deficits. A greater risk of falling was observed with a need for more time to stabilize the body during @entity2031 and especially during the extension phase. Some rehabilitation interventions may be effective in improving @entity2031 duration, WB symmetry and the ability to stand independently with repeated practice (mentally or physically) of @entity2031 tasks. However, more research is essential to further investigate effects of specific training protocols and pursue better understanding of this complex and demanding task, particularly for @entity64 @entity1 who need assistance during this transfer.

title: Determinants of sit-to-stand tasks in individuals with XXXX post @entity64 : A review.

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the appearance of @entity99 treated with radio-frequency (RF) ablation on computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images and the pattern of @entity41 at the site of RF ablation and to assess prospectively the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive CT and MR imaging values in the evaluation of RF treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with 50 @entity5 ( @entity157 and 41 @entity3 ) treated with RF ablation underwent CT and MR imaging on the same day at 2, 4, and 6 months; CT was performed every 3 months thereafter. CT and MR findings were interpreted separately and prospectively by two reviewers with consensus. For both imaging techniques, appearance of the treated area, treatment efficacy, and complications were assessed at each time. Sensitivity and specificity were determined by using the McNemar test. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 19 months, nine @entity5 showed local regrowth. At 2 months, MR imaging depicted more local regrowths (eight of nine; sensitivity, 89%) than did CT (four of nine; sensitivity, 44%) but without significant differences (P =.12). In two cases, only T2-weighted imaging depicted local regrowth. All nine lesions became conspicuous at 4-month follow-up with both techniques. At 2 months, thin peripheral rim enhancement and arterioportal shunting were found in 24% and 12%, respectively, of the treated @entity5 . These findings disappeared thereafter and are not linked to @entity5 regrowth. CONCLUSION: Despite the small number of @entity1 , CT and MR imaging may depicted all local regrowth at 4 months or sooner. MR imaging may have an edge over CT in the early detection of local regrowth.

title: XXXX treated with percutaneous radio-frequency ablation: CT and MR imaging follow-up.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['nine hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic tumors']


abstract: @entity143 -R antagonists are a popular translational pharmacological challenge to induce @entity73 associated with @entity161 . Amongst their many cognitive and non-cognitive effects is an ability to impair cognitive flexibility in general, and reversal learning in particular. Here, we test the hypothesis that the @entity143 -R antagonist @entity12781 when given acutely selectively effects reversal learning by simultaneously measuring reversal learning and baseline responding, or acquisition and baseline responding, under identical conditions. Animals were trained to simultaneously perform two different visual discriminations in a touch-screen equipped operant box. Accordingly the reward contingencies associated with one pair could be altered, while the second pair acted as an experimental control. As such, the effect of a manipulation on reversal learning, stimuli acquisition, or baseline responding can be more accurately evaluated through the use of a double visual discrimination. A similar approach was also used to investigate the influence of sub-chronic @entity12781 administration on cognitive flexibility. @entity12781 (1mg/kg) given before testing caused a slowing in acquisition and reversal learning, while having a minimal effect on secondary measures. Sub-chronic @entity12781 administration had no significant effect on any of the measures used within this study. While acute @entity12781 impairs reversal learning, it is clear from these results that other aspects of cognition (learning/relearning) are also impaired, potentially questioning the specificity of acute @entity12781 in conjunction with reversal learning paradigms as a model of @entity73 .

title: Re-evaluating the PCP challenge as a pre-clinical model of XXXX in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine', 'Phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognitive flexibility', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['impaired cognitive flexibility']


abstract: We report a case of @entity174 after external laryngeal manipulation for assisting intubation because of difficult laryngoscopy during induction of anesthesia. The @entity1 was a 64-year-old female suffering from a large @entity1376 scheduled to undergo general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation for thyroidectomy. Laryngoscopy was performed, which did not visualize the glottis. With application of forceful external laryngeal manipulation, intubation was successfully achieved on the third attempt. But on skin incision and tissue exposure, a single fractured site on the second @entity8276 was noted. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed and showed the tracheal mucosa remaining unmolested without endotracheal lesion or cartilage dislodgement into the @entity825 . The operation was carried out uneventfully and the @entity174 was treated conservatively. After extubation, the @entity1 recovered smoothly and had no symptoms suggestive of @entity8276 or @entity7374 . Neck computed tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy were performed postoperatively, both of which showed normal @entity8276 alignment without evidence of @entity4 or @entity1410 . The @entity1 was discharged 3 days after operation. At the 3-month follow-up, she displayed good airway function and phonation. After review of her clinical history, we speculated that the @entity174 was caused by forced external compression of the tracheal cartilage during endotracheal intubation.

title: XXXX as a consequence of external laryngeal manipulation during endotracheal intubation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal ring fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity7374 :: ('MESH:D006685', 'Disease') :: ['hoarseness of voice']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal narrowing', 'tracheal ring']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Tracheal ring fracture']


abstract: Acute @entity1563 proximal to the right ventricular (RV) branches results in right ventricular free wall dysfunction, exerting mechanically disadvantageous effects on biventricular performance. Depressed RV systolic function decreases transpulmonary delivery of left ventricular (LV) preload, resulting in diminished cardiac output. The @entity63 right ventricle is stiff, dilated, and volume dependent, resulting in pandiastolic @entity67 and septally mediated alterations in LV compliance, which are exacerbated by elevated intrapericardial pressure. Under these conditions, RV pressure generation and output are dependent on LV-septal contractile contributions, governed by both primary septal contraction and @entity10107 . When the culprit coronary lesion is distal to the @entity4032 ( @entity4032 ) branches, augmented @entity4032 contractility enhances RV performance and optimizes cardiac output. Conversely, more proximal occlusions result in @entity308 of @entity4032 contractility, which impairs RV filling and performance, resulting in more severe hemodynamic compromise. @entity1168 limit output generated by the rate-dependent noncompliant ventricles. Hemodynamic compromise may respond to volume resuscitation and restoration of physiologic rhythm. Vasodilators and diuretics should generally be avoided. In some @entity1 , parenteral inotropic stimulation may be required. The right ventricle appears to be relatively resistant to @entity1188 and recovers even after prolonged occlusion. The term RV " @entity1188 " appears to be somewhat of a misnomer, for in most @entity1 acute @entity67 represents @entity63 but predominantly viable myocardium. Although RV performance improves spontaneously even in the absence of reperfusion, recovery of function may be slow and associated with high in-hospital mortality. Reperfusion enhances recovery of RV performance and improves the clinical course and survival.

title: Pathophysiology and management of right heart XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['right coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical septal motion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'right atrial']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Physiologic changes in the cardiac, respiratory, and renal systems in pregnancy likely impact ventilatory control. Though @entity27 and snoring are common in the pregnant population, the predisposition to central respiratory events during sleep and the prevalence of such events is less well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of central @entity386 during sleep in pregnant @entity1 and non-pregnant controls suspected of @entity25 @entity1353 . METHODS: Twenty-five pregnant @entity1 referred for polysomnography for @entity25 @entity1353 were compared with non-pregnant controls matched for age, body mass index, gender, and @entity27 index (AHI). Central @entity386 index was defined as the number of central @entity386 per hour of sleep, and mixed @entity386 index was defined as the number of mixed @entity386 per hour of sleep. RESULTS: Sixty-four percent of pregnant @entity1 had a respiratory disturbance index >5 events per hour of sleep. Mean body mass index was 44.1        6.9  kg/m(2) pregnant compared to 44.0        7.3  kg/m(2) in controls. The total number of central @entity386 observed during sleep in the pregnant group consisted of two central @entity386 in one @entity1 , and of 98 central @entity386 in 11 @entity1 in the control group (p   =   0.05). Median central @entity386 index was low in both groups (pregnant 0, interquartile range (IQR) 0, 0 vs. non-pregnant 0, IQR 0, 0.2, p   =   0.04). Mixed @entity386 index was similarly low in both groups. CONCLUSION: Despite some physiologic changes of pregnancy that impact ventilatory control, the prevalence of @entity2417 was low in our sample of overweight pregnant @entity1 with @entity387 .

title: Central @entity387 in pregnant XXXX with @entity25 @entity1353 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2417 :: ('MESH:D020182', 'Disease') :: ['central sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disordered']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are 500,000 cases per year of @entity234 , which occurs primarily in the Indian subcontinent. Almost all untreated @entity1 die, and all the effective agents have been parenteral. @entity14219 is an oral agent that has been shown in small numbers of @entity1 to have a favorable therapeutic index for Indian @entity234 . We performed a clinical trial in India comparing @entity14219 with the most effective standard treatment, @entity2379 . METHODS: The study was a randomized, open-label comparison, in which 299 @entity1 12 years of age or older received orally administered @entity14219 (50 or 100 mg [approximately 2.5 mg per kilogram of body weight] daily for 28 days) and 99 @entity1 received intravenously administered @entity2379 (1 mg per kilogram every other day for a total of 15 injections). RESULTS: The groups were well matched in terms of age, weight, proportion with previous failure of treatment for @entity232 , parasitologic grade of splenic aspirate, and @entity381 . At the end of treatment, splenic aspirates were obtained from 293 @entity1 in the @entity14219 group and 98 @entity1 in the @entity2379 group. No @entity4801 were identified, for an initial cure rate of 100 percent. By six months after the completion of treatment, 282 of the 299 @entity1 in the @entity14219 group (94 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 91 to 97]) and 96 of the 99 @entity1 in the @entity2379 group (97 percent) had not had a relapse; these @entity1 were classified as cured. Vomiting and @entity294 , generally lasting one to two days, occurred in 38 percent and 20 percent of the @entity1 in the @entity14219 group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity14219 is an effective and safe treatment for Indian @entity234 . @entity14219 may be particularly advantageous because it can be administered orally. It may also be helpful in regions where @entity4801 are resistant to current agents.

title: Oral @entity14219 for Indian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14219 :: ('MESH:C039128', 'Chemical') :: ['Miltefosine', 'miltefosine']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated our experience with endoscopic @entity64989 (subureteral @entity736 injection) for grades IV and V vesicoureteral reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 221 @entity1 and 305 @entity1 who underwent @entity64989 for primary grades IV (430) and V (96) vesicoureteral reflux between 1984 and 2000. Median @entity1 age at @entity64989 was 3 years (range 3 months to 14 years). Reflux was unilateral and bilateral in 335 and 191 @entity1 , respectively (717 refluxing units). Median followup was 11.6 years (range 1 to 17). RESULTS: Reflux was corrected in 420 of the 717 refluxing units (58%) after a single injection. Reflux resolved after a second and third injection in 185 ureters (26%). High grade reflux was converted to grades I and II in 112 ureters (15%) and did not require any further treatment. @entity64989 failed to correct reflux in 7 units (0.9%), which were managed by ureteral reimplantation (5) and nephrectomy (2) due to poor renal function. Voiding cystourethrography showed recurrent vesicoureteral reflux in 9 units (1.2%), including 2 with low grade reflux for which no treatment was given. Seven ureters required repeat injection due to grades III and IV reflux. No untoward effects were noted in any @entity1 in whom @entity736 was used as the injected material. CONCLUSIONS: @entity64989 is a simple, safe and effective outpatient procedure for grades IV and V vesicoureteral reflux.

title: Endoscopic treatment of primary grades IV and V vesicoureteral reflux in XXXX with subureteral injection of @entity736 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: As most reports on the gamma knife have related only to short or mid-term results, we decided to evaluate the effectiveness and @entity137 of radiosurgical treatment for benign skull base @entity1653 in 200 @entity1 with a follow up of 5-12 years to define the role of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for @entity5702 and to provide further data for comparison with other treatment options. METHODS: In total, 99 @entity1 were treated with a combination of microsurgical resection and GKRS. In 101 @entity1 , GKRS was performed as the sole treatment option. @entity5 volumes ranged from 0.38 to 89.8 cm3 (median 6.5 cm3), and doses of 7-25 Gy (median 12 Gy) were given to the @entity5 borders at covering isodose volume curves (range 20-80%, median 45%). RESULTS: The actuarial progression free survival rate was 98.5% at 5 years and 97.2% at 10 years. Passing radiation induced @entity4 occurred in two @entity1 (1%). The neurological status improved in 83 cases (41.5%), remained unaltered in 108 (54%), and deteriorated in 9 (4.5%). Worsening was transient in seven @entity1 (3.5%) and unrelated to @entity5 or treatment in one (0.5%). Repeated microsurgical resection was performed in five @entity1 following GKRS (2.5%). CONCLUSIONS: GKRS has proved to be an effective alternative to microsurgical resection, radiotherapy, and Linac based radiosurgery for adjunctive and primary treatment of selected @entity1 with @entity5702 . Because of the excellent long term @entity5 control rate and low morbidity associated with GKRS, this treatment option should be used more frequently in the therapeutic management of benign skull base @entity1653 .

title: Long term experience of gamma knife radiosurgery for benign skull base XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'Tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['basal meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity1 with @entity1956 e antigen (HBeAg)-negative @entity6194 ( @entity39359 ) with interferon or @entity16332 alone is inefficient and reports of combination treatment with both drugs, equivocal so far. AIM: To investigate the efficacy of a @entity16332 -interferon combination therapy in 36 @entity1 HBeAg-negative CHBe-. METHODS: @entity16332 was administered from 1 to 12 months and @entity4020 from 7 to 18 months. A historical control group of 36 @entity39359 - @entity1 , matched for age and sex and treated with the same dosage of @entity4020 was used. All @entity1 were followed up for > or =12-month post-treatment. RESULTS: The biochemical response rate at the end of treatment was 78% in @entity16332 -interferon and 52.8% in interferon-control group (P = 0.026) and at 12-month post-treatment 38.9% and 22.2%, respectively (P = 0.125). @entity493 aminotransferase normalization and serum HBV-DNA levels < or =30 000 cp/mL were observed in 50.0% of @entity16332 -interferon-treated and 30.6% of interferon-treated @entity1 at the end of treatment (P =0.093) and in 22.2% and 13.9% of @entity1 , respectively, at 12-month post-treatment (P = 0.358). Moreover, @entity493 aminotransferase normalization and undetectable serum HBV-DNA (<400 cp/mL) was observed in 30.6% of @entity16332 -interferon-treated and 8.3% of interferon-treated @entity1 at the end of treatment (P = 0.017) and in 8.3% and 0% of @entity1 , respectively, at 12-month post-treatment (P = 0.076). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity39359 , 12 months after ending a @entity16332 -interferon partially overlapping 18-month combination course, 22% of @entity1 still maintain normal @entity493 aminotransferase and @entity97 -DNA levels < or =30 000 cp/mL. However, a 12-month interferon monotherapy course may achieve similar responses.

title: A partially overlapping treatment course with XXXX and interferon in @entity1956 e antigen-negative @entity6194 .

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine', 'Lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-alpha2b']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine', 'Alanine']

answer: @entity16332 :: (MESH:D019259,Chemical) :: ['lamivudine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hip hemiarthoplasties are commonly performed for displaced @entity2249 . Considerable differences of opinion exists regarding the choice between @entity162 . The main theoretical advantage of a bipolar over a unipolar prosthesis is the reduction of acetabular erosion due to movement taking place within the implant rather than at the acetabular implant interface. It is thus hypothesised that bipolar prostheses lead to better long-term functional outcomes with less complications. In this study, we aimed to compare unipolar (Moore's) and @entity162 looking specifically for differences in 1) @entity158 and functional hip scores; 2) rates of acetabular erosion, component migration and revision surgery; and 3) rates of postoperative morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria were 1) age more than or equal to 65 years; 2) displaced @entity2249 of non-pathologic origin; 3) normal cognitive function; 4) ambulatory with or without assistive devices prior to the @entity174 ; and 5) treated with a primary prosthetic replacement. Of the 193 @entity1 that were available for review, 118 were in the Moore's group and 75 in the bipolar group. Postoperatively, @entity1 were assessed with regards to @entity158 , satisfaction, Modified Harris hip score and Oxford hip score. Standard anteroposterior pelvis and lateral hip radiographs were obtained at regular intervals. These were analysed specifically with regards to acetabular erosion and component migration. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between a Moore's and a bipolar prosthesis regarding @entity158 , functional hip scores, rates of acetabular erosion, component migration, revision surgery and complications rates. CONCLUSION: Use of the more expensive bipolar prosthesis in elderly and premorbidly ambulant @entity1 is not justified.

title: @entity162 for Displaced XXXX in the Elderly: Is There a Difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar and bipolar designs', 'bipolar hemiarthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['Femoral Neck Fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity364 cause serious morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Expensive lipid formulations of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) are generally used because of fear of adverse effects due to concomitant @entity205 and other nephrotoxic drugs. However, a 24-hour dosing regimen of @entity11015 may be well tolerated even in these @entity1 . METHODS: In an open pilot study 6 out of 94 lung transplant recipients with invasive or semi-invasive bronchopulmonary @entity5638 -resistant @entity281 (3 paraspilosis, 2 glabrata, 1 krusei) were treated for 40 (17-73) days by 24-hour continuous infusions of @entity11015 1 mg/kg. Additionally, @entity1 received at least 1000 ml of 0.9% saline intravenously per day. Beside @entity205 at serum trough levels of 240 (195-273) microg/l, five @entity1 additionally received @entity581 for at least 2 weeks, and 4 were treated with @entity4540 . RESULTS: Calculated creatinine clearance decreased from 57 (43-73) ml/min to a nadir of 35 (28-39) and recovered to 52 (33-60) after cessation of therapy. One @entity1 needed temporary haemofiltration for 7 days after 30 days of @entity11015 , most probably because of the use of contrast media in conjunction with @entity1483 and hypovolaemia. Besides three episodes of mild hypokalaemia no other side effects attributable to @entity11015 were recorded. While in one case an asymptomatic candidal colonisation persisted for 10 months, the other 5 were cured from their infection. CONCLUSION: These preliminary data show that conventional @entity11015 administered by 24-hour infusion is well tolerated, safe, and efficacious in lung transplant recipients receiving @entity205 and other nephrotoxic substances.

title: Tolerability, safety and efficacy of conventional XXXX administered by 24-hour infusion to lung transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['candidal infections']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A substantial proportion of cases of @entity726 have a genetic basis. Mutations causing @entity726 have been identified in the chromosome 1 @entity1538 gene ( @entity29714 ), which encodes a 57-kd protein known as @entity29714 . The normal role of this protein and the mechanism by which mutations cause @entity726 are not known. METHODS: We screened 716 @entity1 with primary @entity1538 and 596 control subjects for sequence changes in the @entity29714 gene. RESULTS: We identified 16 sequence variations that met the criteria for a probable disease-causing mutation because they altered the predicted @entity535 sequence and they were found in one or more @entity1 with @entity726 , in less than 1 percent of the control subjects. These 16 mutations were found in 33 @entity1 (4.6 percent). Six of the mutations were found in more than 1 subject (total, 99). Clinical features associated with these six mutations included an age at diagnosis ranging from 8 to 77 years and maximal recorded intraocular pressures ranging from 12 to 77 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of mutations in the @entity29714 gene are associated with @entity726 . The spectrum of disease can range from @entity726 to typical late-onset primary @entity1538 .

title: Clinical features associated with mutations in the chromosome 1 @entity1538 gene ( XXXX )

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'juvenile glaucoma']

answer: @entity29714 :: (4653,Gene) :: ['GLC1A']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Local pelvic recurrence of @entity5 after radical resection has been associated with morbidity and @entity5 . This study retrospectively evaluated outcome following curative resection for @entity5 recurring after surgery on the basis of prognosis, type of procedure and perioperative morbidity. METHODS: A total of 85 consecutive @entity1 with local pelvic recurrence of @entity5 were evaluated. Of these, 43 underwent microscopic curative surgery for local recurrence. Among the 43 @entity1 , 23 underwent surgery alone and 17 received preoperative radiotherapy (40 Gy) (XRT group) in addition to the surgery. Of the 43 @entity1 , 26 were asymptomatic. RESULTS: Curative resection was higher in the recurrences that were associated with implantation, incomplete surgical margin clearance, and intrapelvic lymph node @entity3 than in other types of recurrence. With regard to surgical procedure, abdominoperineal resection (APR), with or without sacral resection, was standard following previous sphincter-preserving surgery, while total pelvic exenteration (TPE), with or without sacral resection, was common following previous APR. Local excision was not considered appropriate surgery. There was a high incidence of perioperative morbidity (64%) in @entity1 receiving TPE. Re-recurrence was observed in 18 @entity1 (50%) after curative surgery. After a follow-up of 2 years or more, the local re-recurrence rate was 28%. The overall 5-year survival rate for @entity1 receiving curative resection was 39%, for @entity1 in the XRT group, 51%, and for @entity1 in the surgery-alone group, 24% (p = 0.07). The survival rate in 26 asymptomatic @entity1 was higher than in 17 @entity1 with symptoms, with 5-year survival rates of 62 and 23% (p < 0.05), respectively. The cumulative local control in the preoperative radiotherapy plus en bloc surgery group (XRT group) was significantly better than in the surgery-alone group (p < 0.01), and survival in the XRT group tended to be better than in surgery alone. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that careful @entity1 selection according to the pattern of recurrence, area of invasion and presence of symptoms is important for successful curative surgery. Aggressive surgery with adjuvant therapy may lead to an improved salvage rate.

title: Curative surgery for local pelvic recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is used for @entity788 staging and obtaining a tissue diagnosis. The objective was to determine patterns of preoperative EUS and the impact on downstream treatment. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Medicare-linked database was used to identify @entity1 with @entity788 . The staging period was the first staging procedure within 6 months of surgery until surgery. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with preoperative EUS. The main outcome was EUS in the staging period, with secondary outcomes including number of staging tests and time to surgery. RESULTS: 2782 @entity1 were included, 56% were treated at an academic hospital (n  =  1563). 1204 @entity1 underwent EUS (43.3%). The factors most associated with receipt of EUS were: earlier year of diagnosis, SEER area, and a NCI or academic hospital (all p  <  0.0001). EUS was associated with a longer time to surgery (17.8 days; p  <  0.0001), and a higher number of staging tests (40 tests/100 @entity1 ; p  <  0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Factors most associated with receipt of EUS are geographic, temporal, and institutional, rather than clinical/disease factors. EUS is associated with a longer time to surgery and more preoperative testing, and additional study is needed to determine if EUS is overused.

title: Utilization of preoperative endoscopic ultrasound for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mechanisms by which brain insults lead to subsequent @entity302 remain unclear. Insults, including @entity130 , @entity64 , @entity5 , @entity281 , and long @entity410 [ @entity159 ( @entity159 )], create a neuronal state of increased metabolic demand or decreased energy supply. Neurons express molecules that monitor their metabolic state, including sirtuins (Sirts). Sirtuins deacetylate cytoplasmic proteins and nuclear histones, and their epigenetic modulation of the chromatin governs the expression of many genes, influencing neuronal properties. Thus, sirtuins are poised to enduringly modulate neuronal properties following @entity159 , potentially contributing to epileptogenesis, a hypothesis supported by the @entity302 -attenuating effects of blocking a downstream target of @entity19310 , @entity66499 ( @entity66499 ) also know as REST ( @entity66499 ). Here we used an adult male @entity35 model of epileptogenesis provoked by @entity4176 -induced @entity159 (KA- @entity159 ). We assessed KA- @entity159 -provoked @entity19310 activity, infused a @entity19310 inhibitor ( @entity35984 ) after KA- @entity159 , and examined for epileptogenesis using continuous digital video-EEG. @entity19310 activity, measured using chromatin immunoprecipitation for @entity19310 binding at a target gene, increased rapidly after @entity159 . Post hoc infusion of the @entity19310 inhibitor prevented @entity19310 -mediated repression of a target gene. Blocking @entity19310 activity transiently after KA- @entity159 did not significantly influence the time- course and all of the parameters of @entity302 development. Specifically, latency to first @entity410 and @entity410 number, duration, and severity (using the Racine scale and EEG measures) as well as the frequency and duration of interictal spike series, were all unchanged. KA- @entity159 provoked a robust inflammatory response and modest cell loss, yet neither was altered by blocking @entity19310 . In conclusion, blocking @entity19310 activity after KA- @entity159 does not abrogate @entity302 development, suggesting that the mechanisms of such acquired epileptogenesis are independent of @entity19310 function.

title: The Role of XXXX in Epileptogenesis.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity66499 :: ('83618(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor', 'RE1-Silencing Transcription factor', 'NRSF']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity19310 :: (309757(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Sirt1']


abstract: Circulating antibody to Tamm-Horstall protein ( @entity7312 ) was measured using a radioimmunoassay in forty-five @entity1 on maintenance hemodialysis and compared to levels of antibody titers measured in sera from ten healthy controls. The etiology of the @entity454 in the @entity1 population was @entity8 in thirteen, @entity631 in fourteen, @entity2316 in nine, interstial @entity1310 and chronic @entity2885 in three each, @entity1582 in two, and @entity5450 in one. Four @entity1 had significantly elevated titers of antibody to @entity7312 but shared no other unifying characteristics. The results also indicate that none of the groups studied had mean antibody titers significantly different from controls. Furthermore, no general trend was apparent between levels of antibody to @entity7312 and number of months on dialysis. Observations made during the study revealed that heparinized samples of blood had lower titers of antibody to @entity7312 than did non-heparinized samples from the same @entity1 . This finding was repeated when other anti-coagulants, i.e., @entity11890 ( @entity1098 ) and @entity4958 , were used. Titers returned toward normal when @entity3282 was added back to samples anticoagulated with @entity1098 and @entity4958 . This suggests that clotting factors, probably @entity2002 , interfered with the measurement of antibody titers. Therefore, only serum should be used in further investigations of @entity7312 antibody using this assay.

title: Tamm-Horsfall protein antibody in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity11890 :: ('CHEBI:42191', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylenediaminetetraacetate']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore whether @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) have @entity393 and the pattern of @entity393 . METHODS: Questionnaire, physical examination of the ear, nose and throat, hearing test and sero-immunity examinations were conducted in 34 @entity1 (68 ears) with @entity1691 . RESULTS: Among 34 @entity1 , 11 cases reported decrease in the sound perception, and 24 cases (41 ears, 60.3%) had @entity393 as evidenced by the pure tone audiometry. In those @entity1 with @entity393 , 2 ears with perforation of tympanic membrane showed conductive @entity393 and the remainder 39 ears showed @entity1274 in which 26 ears (66.7%) experienced high frequency @entity393 . Auditory brainstem responses were normally presented in 26 case, whereas abolished in 1 case (2 ears) with severe @entity393 . Examinations of sero-immunity showed a positive response in @entity1530 , but negative responses in the antinuclear antibody and @entity309 factor. The percentage of the C-reactive protein increase was 81.8%. Autoantibodies anaginst the inner ear were positive in 9 cases (28.1%). In addition, all other immunological examinations revealed certain changes. CONCLUSION: More than half of the @entity1 with @entity1691 had @entity1274 , particularly in the high frequency range. This @entity393 is paralleled by abnormal immunology and is a local expression of @entity792 . Therefore, periodical hearing tests are necessary for these @entity1 .

title: [Relationships between XXXX and ear disease].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['systemic autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the last two decades new drugs that oppose the effects of @entity319 ( @entity319 ), and thus angiogenesis, have considerably improved treatment of solid @entity5 . These anti- @entity319 drugs, however, are burdened by several side effects, particularly relevant on heart and vessels. Aim of this study was to analyze the changes in cardiovascular structure and function associated with use of anti- @entity319 drugs. DESIGN AND METHOD: 29 @entity1 (27 affected by renal and 2 by @entity259 ), received treatment with antiVEGFR drugs. Hemodynamic, non invasive arterial investigation (Pulse Wave velocity -cfPWV-, Augmentation Index-Aix- and Aortic Pressure) and echocardiography with @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) were performed before starting therapy (T0), after 2 (T1) and 6 weeks (T2). Oncologic outcome was determined by the assessment of the @entity1313 at CT scans, according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Guidelines. RESULTS: A significant increase of both peripheral and central blood pressure (BP) was observed. We documented a significant raise of cfPWV from T0 (9.9  2.5m/sec) to T1 (10.6  2.3m/sec); at T2 cfPWV still increased in @entity1 who continued treatment (10.8  2.3m/sec), while decreased in @entity1 who stopped therapy (9.8  1.9m/sec). At the on-treatment CT scan (available in 22 @entity1 ) 12 @entity1 had a stable disease (StD), 5 showed a reduction of the lesions (responders -PR-) and 5 showed a disease progression ( @entity1726 ). @entity1726 @entity1 showed a lower cfPWV at T2 than StD-PR @entity1 (cfPWV: 9.3  2.8 Vs 13.3  1.5m/sec; p value 0.02). Aix at T1 was higher in @entity1726 than in StD-PR (Aix: 36  2.8% Vs 24.6  9.2%; p value 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Anti- @entity319 treatment is associated with a marked increase in both @entity551 . Moreover it early induces an aortic reversible stiffening. The evidence that cfPWV and AIx changes are early and sensitive cardio-vascular effects of anti-angiogenic treatment and that disease progression is associated with a concomitant come back to pre-treatment value of cfPWV and a further increase in augmentation index, suggests their possible role on oncologic outcome.

title: 8C.04: POSSIBLE ROLE OF ARTERIAL FUNCTION IN CANCER TREATMENT TARGETING XXXX ONCOLOGIC RESPONSE.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['brachial and central BP']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR', 'vascular endothelial growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['gLS', 'global longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity319 :: (3791,Gene) :: ['VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR']