abstract: To investigate the effects of the Rho-dependent protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor @entity12223 on the kinetics of @entity5962 , F-actin, and @entity4729 distributions in dissociated @entity1 embryonic stem (hES) cells and to analyze their interactions morphologically, Y-27632-treated [R(i) (+)] and untreated [R(i) (-)] cells were immunohistochemically stained for @entity5962 and @entity4729 within 24h of dissociation and also for F-actin. Furthermore, the gene expression of @entity5962 , @entity4729 , and @entity3547 was confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. @entity5962 expression intensified linearly along the membranes of R(i) (+) cells or intercellular junctions in cell clusters. F-actin accumulated along the periphery of cells and expanded in a web-like manner along junctions in cell clusters, and @entity4729 was restricted to the nucleus within few hours of dissociation. However, R(i) (-) cells exhibited deformation and blebbing and appeared to die over time. @entity5962 exhibited a punctate pattern along the periphery, after which it accumulated on one or both sides of the cytoplasm. Actin filaments were concentrated at the bleb bases. @entity4729 was detected in the cytoplasm, not in the nucleus the recovery of integrated @entity5962 distribution. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed @entity3547 upregulation and @entity5962 downregulation at 12h after dissociation. @entity4729 gene expression was unaffected by ROCK inhibition. These results revealed that the cooperative nature of hES cells is maintained by the @entity5962 -actin cytoskeleton system along with the restricted distribution of @entity4729 in the nucleus. @entity3547 activation followed by dissociation disorders this system and accelerates cell death, which is partially suppressed by ROCK inhibition.

title: Unique kinetics of XXXX microlocalization following dissociation of @entity1 embryonic stem cell colonies.

answer: @entity4729 :: (5460,Gene) :: ['Oct3/4']


abstract: @entity4002 were tested in mixed breed @entity235 by vaccinating them with @entity406 -killed @entity4003 whole cells (WC) in either phase I (WCI) or phase II (WCII), or the @entity3636 : @entity1042 residue (CMR) subunit of phase I cells. Phase I vaccines mixed (1:1) with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) induced humoral immune responses to phases I and II antigens as measured by microagglutination assay. The CMR vaccine mixed (1:1) with FIA induced greater antigen-specific antibody levels to both phases I and II antigens than the corresponding WCI vaccine. The WCII vaccine induced antibody responses to only phase II antigens. The time course of erythema and induration after skin testing with C. burnetii antigens were suggestive of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Although @entity738 were observed with only WCI and WCII, none of the skin test antigens induced @entity733 at the injection site. In contrast, axillary nodes draining the vaccine injection site developed sterile draining @entity733 in all @entity235 by days 19 to 24 for the WCI and CMR, and day 104 for the WCII vaccines. The @entity733 had resolved within 30 days after first appearance. Responses to Con A and @entity8990 and recall antigens of lymphocytes from the blood, axillary and mesenteric nodes, and spleen at 222 days after vaccination were variable among @entity235 . Lymphocytes from various organs responded to one or more of the recall antigens and to both mitogens in the absence or presence of @entity3352 . Although these @entity4002 induced humoral and CMI, either the antigens or FIA caused sterile draining @entity733 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunization of @entity235 with XXXX : comparison of phase I, II and phase I CMR @entity4003 vaccines.

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['Q fever vaccines']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['Coxiella burnetii']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['Q fever vaccines']


abstract: The aim of this work is to demonstrate that multiphoton microscopy is a preferred technique to investigate intact @entity2383 without slicing and staining. At the micron resolution, multiphoton imaging can provide both large morphological features and detailed structure of epithelium, corneal collagen fibril bundles and keratocytes. A large area multiphoton cross-section across an intact eye excised from a GFP @entity19 was obtained by a homebuilt multiphoton microscope. The broadband multiphoton fluorescence (435-700 nm) and second harmonic generation (SHG, 360-400 nm) signals were generated by the 760 nm output of a femtosecond @entity702 -sapphire laser. A water immersion objective (Fluor, 40X, NA 0.8; Nikon) was used to facilitate imaging the curve ocular surface. The multiphoton image over entire @entity267 provides morphological information of epithelial cells, keratocytes, and global collagen orientation. Specifically, our planar, large area multiphoton image reveals a concentric pattern of the stroma collagen, indicative of the laminar collagen organization throughout the stroma. In addition, the green fluorescence protein (GFP) labeling contributed to fluorescence contrast of cellular area and facilitated visualizing of inactive keratocytes. Our results show that multiphoton imaging of GFP labeled @entity19 @entity267 manifests both morphological significance and structural details. The second harmonic generation imaging reveals the collagen orientation, while the multiphoton fluorescence imaging indicates morphology and distribution of cells in @entity267 . Our results support that multiphoton microscopy is an appropriate technology for further in vivo investigation and diagnosis of @entity267 .

title: Intact corneal stroma visualization of GFP XXXX revealed by multiphoton imaging.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['cornea structure']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the most frequent @entity5 . The only curative treatment is liver transplantation or complete surgical resection; however, most @entity1 have inoperable disease at diagnosis. To date, no cytotoxic agent has demonstrated a clinical impact on time-related parameters, especially survival. The development of new treatments of inoperable @entity157 @entity1 is highly desirable. Among the new cytotoxic agents, DNA topoisomerase I poisons are those with the widest spectrum of antitumor activity. However, few data are available in @entity157 @entity1 . One of the main obstacles to the use of @entity2600 in @entity157 is the frequent alterations of liver function at diagnosis. A 48-year-old @entity1 with a @entity157 that had developed within a normal liver but of very poor prognosis because of a multifocal @entity5 with a large nodule measuring 10 cm of diameter, associated with a portal @entity715 , could tolerate very intensive treatment with @entity2600 using doses up to 700 mg/m2 every 2 weeks and was responsive to treatment as measured by @entity160 levels. Despite initial criteria of inoperability, the absence of disease progression under therapy with a follow-up of 1 year invited us to propose a liver transplant. The @entity1 is still in post-surgical complete remission and has consolidation chemotherapy with @entity2600 . This result invites us to consider the evaluation of the efficacy of topoisomerase I poisons in @entity157 @entity1 and to escalate the dose of @entity2600 in @entity1 with less than grade 4 @entity1398 .

title: Complete remission of unresectable @entity157 on healthy liver by the combination of aggressive surgery and high-dose-intensity chemotherapy by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['CPT-11']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was aimed at evaluating several factors that promote @entity3619 by multivariate analysis of data for @entity1 with @entity82 with @entity1578 submitted to distal splenorenal shunts. METHODS: The study group comprised 131 @entity1 : 55 had alcoholic and 76 nonalcoholic @entity82 . Seventy @entity1 were in @entity1 's class A and 61 in class B. Cerebral function was assessed by a complete neurologic examination. Angiography with venous phase was performed before and within 1 month after the shunt operation. In 84 cases the original Warren technique was used and in 20 cases a Britton's modified procedure was used. Twenty-seven @entity1 had distal splenorenal shunts with a splenopancreatic disconnection. Statistical analysis was performed by two multivariate analyses based on stepwise selection. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 died during a follow-up period of 51 +/- 32 months. @entity13092 occurred in 18 @entity1 (14%). According to the multivariate analysis of the preoperative prognostic factors, only age (p = 0.0001) and albumin values (p = 0.0002) were independent predictive risk factors for chronic @entity75 . In the multivariate analysis concerning the hemodynamic consequences of the selective shunts, independent risk factors promoting chronic @entity75 were postoperative portal perfusion (p = 0.0001), postshunt portal pressure (p = 0.001), and surgical disconnection (p = 0.0064). CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown that chronic @entity75 after selective shunt surgery is promoted by both clinical and hemodynamic factors. A better selection of the candidates for shunt surgery and prevention of the development of portal malcirculation by accurate surgical disconnection should further decrease the risk of chronic @entity75 .

title: Factors predicting XXXX after distal splenorenal shunt: a multivariate analysis of clinical and hemodynamic variables.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['good or moderate liver function']

entities_list: @entity13092 :: ('MESH:D001925', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatic encephalopathy']


abstract: @entity5 angiogenesis has proved to be a useful prognostic determinant for @entity1 with various solid @entity5 . In this study, we investigated the quantitative expression of angiogenesis in @entity14 to determine how angiogenesis correlates with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis. One hundred twenty-seven specimens resected from @entity1 with primary @entity14 were investigated immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody against factor-VIII-related antigen, and areas with the highest vascular density at the invasive @entity5 margin were counted at 200 times magnification. The microvessel count, defined as @entity7499 ( @entity7499 ), became significantly higher with increase in histologic grade (p = 0.02) and Dukes stage (p = 0.001). @entity7499 was also significantly higher in @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (p = 0. 005), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.042), vascular invasion (p < 0.001), and liver @entity3 (p = 0.0004) than in those without. In addition, @entity1 with synchronous distant hematogenous @entity3 in stage D disease showed significantly higher @entity7499 than @entity1 with nonhematogenous @entity3 (p = 0.006). When 27 cases of disease recurrence after surgical resection with curative intent were stratified according to mode of spread, @entity7499 in cases with a hematogenous pattern of relapse proved to be significantly higher than in cases with nonhematogenous spread (p < 0.001). No significant differences were, however, found in @entity7499 when they were subdivided as to operative nodal status (p = 0.39 and 0.08 in the node-negative and the node-positive group, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity7499 was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.0004) in @entity14 . Quantitative evaluation of @entity5 angiogenesis at the invasive @entity5 margin is suggested to be a good prognostic indicator and a useful predictor for hematogenous spread and recurrence in @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: @entity5 angiogenesis as a prognostic predictor in @entity14 with special reference to mode of XXXX and recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis density', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Sigma receptors are @entity141 -sensitive, ligand-operated receptor chaperones at the mitochondrion-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This study describes the effect of the sigma receptor 1 agonist @entity10768 on intraocular pressure (IOP) and sigma receptor 1 expression in @entity35 retinas after @entity2790 . @entity2790 was induced by occlusion of episcleral veins. Retinal histological sections were obtained to determine inner plexiform layer thickness and the number of cell bodies in the @entity4494 cell layer. Sigma receptor expression in @entity35 retinas was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cauterization caused IOP to increase >73%, and the pressure was maintained for 2 months. A time-dependent @entity393 cells and retinal thickness occurred at elevated IOP. High IOP decreased sigma receptor 1 expression during the first week, but expression was increased at 8 weeks. Injected @entity3333 significantly decreased IOP, prevented @entity4494 cell loss, protected inner plexiform layer thickness, and increased sigma receptor 1 expression in episcleral vein-cauterized @entity35 . Sigma receptors appear to be neuroprotective and potential targets for @entity726 therapeutics.

title: XXXX decreases intraocular pressure and changes expression of sigma receptor in a model of @entity2790 .

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ocular hypertension', 'Chronic ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of ganglion']

entities_list: @entity10768 :: ('MESH:C018370', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone sulfate']

answer: @entity10768 :: (MESH:C018370,Chemical) :: ['Pregnenolone sulfate']


abstract: The adipocyte-derived hormone @entity1254 seems to protect from insulin resistance, a key factor in the pathogenesis of @entity164 2 @entity6 . Genome-wide scans have mapped a susceptibility locus for @entity2175 to chromosome 3q27, where the @entity1254 gene is located. A common silent T-G exchange in @entity377 94 (exon 2) of the @entity1254 gene has been associated with increased circulating @entity1254 levels. @entity209 associated with the G allele have not been reported. We therefore assessed whether this polymorphism alters insulin sensitivity and/or measures of @entity28 using the T  bingen Family Study database (prevalence of the G allele, 28%). In 371 nondiabetic individuals, we found a significantly greater BMI in GG + GT (25.5 +/- 0.7 kg/m(2)) compared with TT (24.1 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2); P = 0.02). @entity1720 (determined by euglycemic clamp, n = 209) was significantly lower in GG + GT (0.089 +/- 0.007 units) compared with TT (0.112 +/- 0.005 units; P = 0.02). This difference disappeared completely on adjustment for BMI. Because our population contains a relatively high proportion of first-degree relatives of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , we stratified by family history ( @entity9680 ). Much to our surprise, the genotype differences in BMI and insulin sensitivity in the whole population were attributable entirely to differences in the subgroup without @entity9680 , whereas in the subgroup with @entity9680 , the G allele had absolutely no effect. Moreover, individuals without @entity9680 had a significantly lower BMI than individuals with @entity9680 (25.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 26.2 +/- 0.5 kg/m(2); P = 0.01), which was not the case for the GG + GT subgroup without @entity9680 (27.0 +/- 0.9 kg/m(2); NS). This suggests that in individuals without familial predisposition for @entity164 2 @entity6 , the @entity1254 polymorphism may mildly increase the @entity28 risk (and secondarily insulin resistance). In contrast, in individuals who are already burdened by other genetic factors, this small effect may be very hard to detect.

title: Association of the T-G polymorphism in @entity1254 (exon 2) with @entity28 and insulin sensitivity: interaction with family history of @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['Insulin sensitivity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In Charak Samhita, all the treatment modalities have been classified broadly into six types, i.e., Langhana (depleting therapy), Brimhana (nourishing therapy), Rookshana (dehydrating therapy), Snehana (oleation therapy), Swedana (sudation therapy) and Stambhana (astringent therapy). Out of these six types, Rookshana is of the same importance as others but is used less frequently as main line of treatment. Since decades, Ayurveda treatment is considered most promising treatment for @entity16 . Most of the @entity16 are generally considered to be Vata Vyadhis in which Snehana Karma is recommended. In case of @entity16 if symptoms are suggestive of Kapha dominance, then Rookshana must be done initially. Transverse @entity4685 is a @entity16 , which has an autoimmune process involved in its pathology. It is an acute, subacute, generally monophasic inflammatory disease of the spinal cord. In the present case of transverse @entity4685 , the @entity1 was found having Kapha dominant symptoms such as coldness of feet, @entity1277 etc., and so the @entity1 was subjected to Rookshana Karma in various forms. Just after 15 days, all these symptoms were subsided and tremendous improvement was found thereafter. The paraplegic @entity1 under study was able to walk independently in just two and half months of treatment. All other typical features related to the disease were also improved. This particular case has proved the importance of Rookshana therapy in @entity16 .

title: Importance of Rookshana Karma (dehydrating therapy) in the management of transverse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

answer: @entity4685 :: (MESH:D009187,Disease) :: ['myelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Invasive @entity364 are becoming increasingly prevalent and are more frequently the aetiological agents responsible for @entity580 . Since mid-2002, two new antifungal drugs - @entity5074 , a third-generation azole, and @entity11794 , a member of a new class of drugs called @entity5626 - have been marketed in Spain. Both drugs have proven [corrected] efficacy in the treatment of @entity2381 , are better tolerated than @entity2379 and are cheaper [corrected] than liposomal @entity2379 . The objective of this study was to conduct an economic evaluation of @entity5074 versus @entity11794 for the treatment of @entity3 in Spain. METHODS: This was a cost-minimisation analysis (2006 costs) from the hospital perspective. Duration of treatment and bodyweight of @entity1 were obtained from the Fungcost study and the incidence of adverse events was obtained from different published sources. Only direct costs were considered. Mean expected cost and incremental cost were calculated, and univariate and bivariate (bodyweight/treatment duration) sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The mean expected cost per episode was 6041.93 @entity7634 (intravenous treatment acquisition cost 5524.75 @entity7634 ) for @entity5074 and 7174.05 @entity7634 (intravenous treatment acquisition cost 6672.80 @entity7634 ) for @entity11794 in @entity3 ; the incremental cost was 1132.18 @entity7634 . Results were robust for any treatment duration and sensitive to bodyweights <103.42 kg. CONCLUSION: @entity5074 is a more cost-effective option than @entity11794 in @entity3 in @entity1 with a bodyweight <103.42 kg.

title: Economic evaluation of XXXX versus @entity11794 for the treatment of @entity3 in Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['Voriconazole', 'voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity5074 :: (MESH:C102790,Chemical) :: ['voriconazole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Awakening responses in salivary @entity701 ( @entity16565 ) and alpha-amylase (AAR) constitute proxies of morning activation patterns of the @entity2339 and autonomic nervous system, respectively. Previous studies suggest that the @entity16565 is decreased at weekends and at late awakening. However, it is insufficiently studied (a) whether this also applies to the AAR and (b) whether week(end)-day and awakening time interact with each other. Using an ecological momentary assessment design, 48 healthy young adults (60% @entity1 ) were investigated over a 7-d period (Study 1), and 27 chronic @entity158 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity239 were examined over a 14-d period (Study 2). For the assessment of the @entity16565 and AAR, @entity1 provided saliva samples each morning (upon awakening, 30   min after awakening). Preprogrammed electronic diary devices were used to track week(end)-day and exact time of saliva sampling (awakening time). In Study 1, @entity16565 was unrelated to weekend, awakening time, or their interaction, whereas only early awakening time was positively associated with AAR. In Study 2, week-days as well as early awakening times on week-days predicted increased @entity16565 . AARs were not predicted by week(end)-day, awakening times, or their interaction. These findings suggest that time-related factors may influence awakening responses, particularly the impact of week(end)-day on the @entity16565 and the impact of awakening times on the AAR. Since week(end)-day and awakening times may negatively affect awakening responses, these potential confounding factors should be assessed and controlled for, particularly in studies assessing both @entity16565 and AAR.

title: The role of week(end)-day and awakening time on XXXX and alpha-amylase awakening responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-fraction radiosurgery of @entity5513 less than 3 cm in diameter is remarkable for high control but not infrequent incidence of @entity16 . @entity5 treated surgically often result in @entity2319 and @entity16 . Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery was used in an effort to maintain effective therapy while minimizing toxicity of treatment. METHODS: The authors described 38 @entity1 with @entity5513 , with age range 35-89 years (mean, 60 years). 2,000 cGy in divided weekly doses of 400 or 500 cGy was most commonly prescribed. @entity5 > or = 3 cm (n = 16) received the 5 fraction schema. Mean @entity5 volume was 6.9 cm3, with range from 0.1 to 32.0 cm3. RESULTS: Median clinical follow-up was 27.1 months, while neuroimaging follow-up had a median of 16.3 months. All @entity5 were controlled. Of 23 @entity5 smaller than 3 cm, 14 (61%) decreased in size, and 9 showed cessation of growth. Thirteen of 16 (81%) large @entity5513 (3-5 cm) diminished in size. The remaining 3 showed cessation of growth. Median radiographic follow-up was 20 months, with a median clinical follow-up of 28 months. No @entity1 developed @entity2103 after treatment nor did any @entity1 require surgery for treatment failure. Only one had @entity129 . CONCLUSION: Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery offers a therapeutic approach producing high control rates while avoiding morbidity frequently seen after single-fraction radiosurgery or microsurgery.

title: XXXX : potential benefits of fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['temporary seventh nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['facial and trigeminal neuropathy', 'facial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['fifth nerve symptoms']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['Acoustic neuroma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of an S-type oblique excision with a bilateral gluteus maximus advancement flap has recently been described for the surgical treatment of @entity2869 ( @entity2869 ). Its use in wide lesions has been limited due to the need for a full-thickness flap. We describe the use of an S-type oblique incision together with the Dufourmentel flap in wide lesions. METHOD: Twenty-one @entity1 were treated using a technique including an S-shaped oblique excision of the sinus tract and a broad-pedicled full-thickness flap resembling a Dufourmentel flap to close the defect. RESULTS: Of the 21 @entity1 , 19 (90.5%) were male and 2 (9.5%) were female. Their mean age was 24.0    6.1 (range 15-36) years. The mean follow-up period was 14.0    5.8 (range 6-23) months. The postoperative complication rate was 4.8% (one @entity1 ), and recurrence was seen in one @entity1 (4.8%). The mean return-to-work time was 13.5    1.9 (range 10-18) days. None of the @entity1 reported dissatisfaction with the cosmetic results. CONCLUSIONS: This new technique achieved low morbidity and recurrence rates. We anticipate that this will become an important technique in the surgical treatment of @entity2869 if the observed success is confirmed by randomized prospective trials.

title: The evaluation of a modified Dufourmentel flap after S-type excision for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['SPS', 'sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus disease']


abstract: @entity299 with @entity893 are defined as @entity600 in which the aortic and/or pulmonary rings are in abnormal relation with the @entity713 . When a high @entity1757 is also present, resection of the conal septum enables the reconstitution of normal or close to normal anatomy, without tubal interposition. Experience based upon 188 operations leads us to suggest surgical indications based upon the positions of the aortic and pulmonary rings in relation to the @entity340 . Creation of the left ventricle-aorta channel may require widening of a tight @entity1757 , or result in resection or tilting of the conal septum onto which the tricuspid is inserted. Otherwise, left ventricle-aorta passage will be made impossible by the interposition of a straddling mitral or of tricuspid insertions which come to be inserted around the aortic ring. If the pulmonary ring is in a high, normal, position, it will not interfere with fashioning of the left channel. If situated too low, it must be shifted and reimplanted on the right ventricle. Creation of the right ventricle-pulmonary artery channel depends upon the presence or absence of concomitant @entity120 . In the presence of @entity120 , devalvulation and hence pulmonary reimplantation is poorly tolerated and is therefore contraindicated. If the pulmonary ring is in a high position (tricuspid-pulmonary distance of one normal aortic diameter for the @entity1 or more), partitioning without @entity358 is the best solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX with @entity1757 . Surgical indications].

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular rings']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary displacement']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valves']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculo-arterial malposition']

answer: @entity893 :: (MESH:D017760,Disease) :: ['Ventriculo-arterial malpositions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experimental laparoscopic trials require relevant models of @entity43 . METHODS: Female nude @entity35 were inoculated intraperitoneally either with the IGR-OV1 or the @entity1 @entity1 @entity420 cell lines. Serial clinical checks and sacrifices were used to evaluate the rates of @entity5 take, survival, and patterns of @entity5 spread. Finally, laparoscopies with various pneumoperitoneum pressures were performed to verify the "surgical" relevancy of out models. The learning curve was measured. RESULTS: The best results were obtained when twenty-seven 106 IGR-OV1 cells and thirty-six 106 @entity1 cells were injected in 28-day-old @entity35 . The IGR-OV1 model provided a mean survival of 17.8 days (range, 13-22 days), with a high take rate (94%). The NIH:OVCAR-3 model resulted in a longer mean survival (59 days; range, 49-77) and also a high take rate (83%). The two models differed in their patterns of @entity5 spread: solid bulky omental @entity3 having a diffuse @entity298 with the IGR-OV1 line (the weight of the omental cake correlated significantly with the stage of development) and diffuse @entity298 having no large solid @entity5 , but visceral and paraaortic @entity3 , with the NIH:OVCAR-3 line. In both models, @entity10224 was high. Anesthesia could be performed and repeated in healthy and @entity5 -bearing @entity35 . Laparoscopy was feasible, with pneumoperitoneum pressures as high as 8 mmHg lasting 1 h. Laparoscopy provided a reliable evaluation of the @entity5 spread into the peritoneal cavity. The plateau of the learning curve was soon obtained for take rate and survival after laparoscopy. CONCLUSION: We report two new @entity1 @entity43 xenografts in nude @entity35 suitable for laparoscopy. The IGR-OV1 model mimics an advanced stage of the disease, and the NIH:OVCAR-3 model presents an earlier stage. These two models appear useful for experiments involving laparoscopy.

title: Description of two new @entity1 XXXX models in nude @entity35 suitable for laparoscopic experimentation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'macroscopic peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the differentially expressed genes of the @entity1 embryo lung fibroblast (MRC-5) induced by @entity406 (FA) of low dose using fluoro DD-PCR. METHODS: The dose-effect relation of @entity137 to MRC-5 was acquired, No observed damage effect or proliferation concentration was used as low dose, and obvious damage concentration was used as high dose. MRC-5 was treated with low and high dose, and treated with high dose after pretreated with low dose for some time. Then Fluoro differential display polymerase chain reaction (Fluoro DD-PCR) was used to search differentially expressed genes of the differently treated groups of FA. 61 differential display straps were acquired and 11 of them were reamplified, cloned, sequenced and blasted. RESULTS: According to the dose-effect relation of @entity137 to MRC-5, 100 micromol/L was choosed as low dose and 10 mmol/L was choosed as high dose. Samples of differently treated groups were amplified by means of fluro-DD-PCR, 61 differentially expressed straps were acquired. 11 differential display straps have been cloned, sequenced and blasted. Two of them were known genes: one was highly homologous to @entity46359 ( @entity46359 ) and the other was highly homologous to tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3(TPRD-3). Nine of them were new genes. CONCLUSION: It seemed that FA of low dose could promote MRC-5 proliferation and find 61 differentially expressed genes of differently treated groups, and the result of clone could provide scientific base for mechanism of @entity137 research.

title: [Study on differential display genes of tolerant-damage of MRC-5 induced by XXXX of low dose].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['FA toxicity']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity46359 :: ('10725', 'Gene') :: ['NFAT5', 'nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formaldehyde']


abstract: There is limited information regarding the management and outcomes of @entity1 presenting with anticholinesterase pesticide @entity4968 in Australia. @entity1 presenting to a tertiary referral hospital with anticholinesterase exposures were identified by discharge coding. The medical records of each @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. Based on clinical outcome, @entity1 were classified as severe or non-severe @entity4968 . Forty-one presentations were noted between 1990 and 2003. Eight @entity1 (20%) had severe @entity4968 of which @entity591 , @entity2901 with @entity425 and @entity520 were common manifestations. The diagnosis was delayed in four @entity1 due to the absence of a clear history, which did not influence @entity1 outcomes or put hospital staff at risk of nosocomial @entity4968 . The median length of hospital stay was prolonged in severe @entity4968 (20 days) compared to 12 hours in other @entity1 . Two cases of intermediate syndrome were attributed to fenthion and @entity19861 , and one case of delayed @entity305 to @entity11546 . Cholinesterase activities were performed in only 49% of presentations. The overall mortality was 2.4% (1 death) and the mortality in @entity1 with severe @entity4968 was 12.5%. The incidence of anticholinesterase @entity4968 in Australia is low. These outcomes were favourable and comparable with other published data. Measures to enhance the knowledge of medical staff supplemented by validated treatment protocols should be developed. For less significant exposures, an emphasis on adequate documentation of cholinergic signs and cholinesterase activities is necessary for rapid triage and may also have potential forensic implications if not performed.

title: Experiences of anticholinesterase pesticide XXXX in an Australian tertiary hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11546 :: ('MESH:D014236', 'Chemical') :: ['trichlorfon']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisonings', 'poisoning']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisonings']


abstract: Most cervical @entity189 express high-risk @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPVs) E6 and E7 proteins, which neutralize cellular @entity5 suppressor function. To determine the consequences of removing the E6 and E7 proteins from @entity5 cells, we infected HeLa cells, a @entity2622 cell line that contains HPV18 DNA, with a recombinant virus that expresses the @entity291 papillomavirus @entity27589 . Expression of the @entity27589 resulted in rapid repression of HPV E6 and E7 expression, followed approximately 12 h later by profound inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis. Shortly after @entity7906 repression, there was dramatic posttranscriptional induction of @entity876 . Two @entity876 -responsive genes, @entity7465 and @entity3544 , were induced with slightly slower kinetics than @entity876 and appeared to be functional, as assessed by inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity and @entity876 destabilization. There was also dramatic posttranscriptional induction of @entity2451 (Rb) and @entity19452 after @entity7906 repression, followed shortly thereafter by induction of @entity20337 . By 24 h after @entity281 , only hypophosphorylated @entity2451 (Rb) was detectable and transcription of several Rb/E2F-regulated genes was dramatically repressed. Constitutive expression of the @entity1799 @entity7906 genes alleviated E2-induced growth inhibition and impaired activation of the Rb pathway and repression of E2F-responsive genes. This dynamic response strongly suggests that the @entity876 and Rb @entity5 suppressor pathways are intact in HeLa cells and that repression of HPV E6 and E7 mobilizes these pathways in an orderly fashion to deliver growth inhibitory signals to the cells. Strikingly, the major alterations in the cell cycle machinery underlying cervical carcinogenesis can be reversed by repression of the endogenous HPV oncogenes.

title: Repression of human papillomavirus oncogenes in @entity2622 cells causes the orderly reactivation of dormant XXXX suppressor pathways.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The need for accurate measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in @entity1 treated for @entity263 is of paramount importance because @entity1 may survive for many years after their diagnosis. Hence, interest has increased in choosing treatments that optimize both the quality and quantity of life in @entity1 with this disease. This study sought to develop and evaluate a self-administered, multiitem, disease-specific instrument to capture the health concerns central to the quality of life of @entity1 treated for early @entity5 . METHODS: After focus group analysis and pilot testing, the instrument was tested with a large retrospective, cross-sectional survey. Exploratory factor analysis and multitrait scaling analysis were used to facilitate the formation of six scales containing 20 disease-targeted items that address impairment in the urinary, bowel, and sexual domains. The psychometric properties of the new scales were assessed by measuring test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity. Performance on the new scales was compared with scores on other established @entity5 -related health-related quality of life instruments. Two hundred fifty-five long-term survivors of @entity263 treatment and 273 age-matched and @entity10688 code-matched comparison subjects without @entity263 from a large managed care population in California were studied. Mean age was 72.7 years. In addition to the new scales, the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) was used as a generic core measure, and a @entity5 -related health-related quality of life instrument (the Cancer Rehabilitation System-Short Form) was used to provide construct validity. RESULTS: For the new scales, test-retest reliability ranged from 0.66 to 0.93, and internal consistency ranged from 0.65 to 0.93. Disease-targeted measures of function and bother in the three domains correlated substantially with one another. Scale scores correlated well with related, established scales. @entity1 undergoing prostatectomy or pelvic irradiation demonstrated the expected differences in performance on the disease-specific health-related quality of life scales when compared with each other or with comparison subjects. Age was inversely related to @entity458 . CONCLUSIONS: The UCLA @entity263 Index performed well in this population of older @entity1 with and without @entity263 . It demonstrated good psychometric properties and appeared to be well understood and easily completed. The high response among @entity1 suggests that these @entity1 especially are interested in addressing both the general and disease-specific concerns that impact their daily quality of life.

title: The UCLA XXXX Index: development, reliability, and validity of a health-related quality of life measure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage prostate cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and bowel function']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the relations between @entity385 and occlusion, release, levels of glycemia, brain energy state, and @entity880 content after @entity1504 . DESIGN: Prospective, controlled laboratory investigation. TYPE OF @entity1 : One hundred six @entity4485 -anesthetized @entity468 . INTERVENTIONS: The middle cerebral artery was occluded with a Yasargil clip transorbitally either temporarily (0.5, four, and eight hours) or permanently. Normoglycemic and @entity1602 animals were closely monitored for eight hours. Brain pathology was assessed after two weeks' survival or at the time of spontaneous @entity204 . Topographic brain metabolite studies were carried out after four hours of @entity2500 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Morphometric quantitation of @entity1779 and @entity1188 and fluorometric determinations of blood and brain tissue, @entity413 , glycogen, @entity880 , @entity855 , and @entity1734 from 16 topographic brain sites were carried out. Twenty-one of 82 (25.6%) animals evaluated neuropathologically showed @entity385 . Occluding the artery in @entity1602 animals caused fivefold more frequent and 25-fold more extensive @entity548 into @entity1188 than in normoglycemic animals. @entity432 with clip release after four hours in @entity1602 animals caused the most extensive @entity548 into @entity1188 . Most hemorrhages into @entity1188 (81%) took place in animals that died within a few hours after they experienced @entity63 and that showed @entity1188 and marked @entity4 of the entire middle cerebral artery territory. Linear regression analyses demonstrated a close relation between @entity548 into @entity1188 and near-total energy depletion ( @entity855 , less than 0.3 microM/g; @entity1734 , less than 0.5 microM/g) in brain sites that showed extremely high tissue @entity880 concentrations (more than 30 microM/g). The biochemical changes that correlated with @entity548 into @entity1188 were more marked than those with @entity1188 without @entity548 . CONCLUSION: @entity4854 and restoration of blood flow to @entity63 territories were strong risk factors for @entity385 . Concomitant tissue metabolic changes suggest that marked tissue energy depletion accompanied by @entity520 damages brain vessels and renders them penetrable for @entity4 fluid and, ultimately, red blood cell extravasation.

title: XXXX conversion in experimental stroke.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Temporary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['animal death']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction', 'hemorrhagic infarct conversion', 'hemorrhagic infarcts']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhagic infarct']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity37738 were studied in cultured @entity35 @entity5 cells that synthesize and secrete prolactin (the @entity35 cell strain). 2. Prolactin and @entity1919 were measured by radioimmunological methods, and a @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase was characterized by using histone as substrate. 3. Prolactin release was studied after 5-60min of treatment, and synthesis after 48h of treatment with @entity37738 . One-half maximum stimulation of release and synthesis were observed at 0.25 and at 4nM respectively. 4. @entity1919 was temporarily increased in cell suspensions after treatment with @entity37738 , and one-half maximum stimulation was observed at 25nM. 5. @entity5393 increased @entity18187 release and synthesis, one-half maximum effects being obtained at 20 micronM. 6. A @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase, which was one-half maximally stimulated at 30 nM- @entity1919 , was demonstrated. 7. An increase in the activity ratio (- @entity1919 /+ @entity1919 ) of the @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase was observed after treatment with @entity37738 . Total protein kinase activity in the presence of @entity1919 was unaltered. The time-course of enzyme activation was similar to that of @entity1919 formation and corresponded to the time when prolactin release was first observed. 8. It is concluded that @entity37738 induces @entity1919 formation, resulting in the activation of a @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase.

title: Effect of XXXX on the concentration of adenosine 3':5'-phosphate and on the activity of adenosine 3':5'-phosphate-dependent protein kinase in prolactin-producing cells in culture.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-tumour']

entities_list: @entity18187 :: ('MESH:D011388', 'Chemical') :: ['prolactin']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP', 'cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity37738 :: ('MESH:D013973', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroliberin']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['Dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity37738 :: (MESH:D013973,Chemical) :: ['thyroliberin']


abstract: The @entity916 -angiotensin system has long been recognized as crucial factor in the regulation of the systemic blood pressure and renal electrolyte homeostasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of a local @entity916 -angiotensin system in a variety of organs. A recent study of the pancreatic @entity916 -angiotensin system showed that chronic @entity519 significantly increased the mRNA expression for angiotensinogen II receptor subtypes @entity7743 and @entity19496 . The activation of the @entity916 -angiotensin system may play an important role in cellular pathophysiological processes. @entity2178 enhances the formation of reactive @entity26 species via the activation of @entity3624 oxidase or @entity1110 oxidase. The reactive @entity26 species can cause oxidative damage in the pancreas and other tissues either directly or indirectly via the formation of other radicals such as reactive @entity1568 species. Rhodiola therapy may protect @entity519 -induced @entity660 in two ways. It prevents @entity519 -induced biological changes by increasing intracellular @entity26 diffusion and efficiency of @entity26 utilization. Alternatively, it reduces @entity519 -induced oxidative damage by its antioxidant activities. Additional experimental data are required to fully elucidate the mode of action of this herbal drug.

title: Association of free radicals and the tissue @entity916 -angiotensin system: prospective effects of Rhodiola, a genus of Chinese herb, on XXXX -induced @entity660 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: The most frequently occurring lesions in the colon are the @entity1127 . @entity1127 have long been considered as lesions with no malignant potential and colonoscopy for these @entity1 is not recommended. However, recent works suggest that @entity1127 may represent precursor lesions of some sporadic @entity14 . Until now, no biomarker allows to identify the subset of @entity1127 that may have a malignant potential. Because the hormone precursor progastrin has been involved in @entity694 , we investigated whether its expression in @entity1127 predicts the occurrence of @entity694 after resection of @entity1127 . We retrospectively analyzed progastrin expression in @entity1127 from 74 @entity1 without history of colorectal pathology. In our study, 41% of @entity1 presenting an initial @entity1127 subsequently developed @entity6523 , recognized as precursor lesions for @entity14 . Progastrin was overexpressed in the @entity1127 in 40% of the @entity1 . We showed a significant association between progastrin overexpression and shortened @entity5 -free survival (P = 0.001). @entity1 with high overexpression of progastrin had a 5-year @entity5 -free survival rate of 38% as compared with 100% for the @entity1 with low progastrin expression. In addition, we established a predictive test on the basis of progastrin staining and @entity1 ' age that predicts occurrence of @entity5 after developing a first @entity1127 with a sensitivity of 100% [95% confidence interval (CI), 79%-100%] and a specificity of 74% (51%-90%). We show that progastrin expression evaluation in @entity1127 is an efficient prognostic tool to determine @entity1 with higher risk of @entity34 who could benefit from an adapted follow-up.

title: A new biomarker that predicts XXXX outcome in @entity1 with hyperplastic colonic polyps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyp', 'hyperplastic polyps', 'Hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis', 'colonic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous neoplasms']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic neoplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the rate of complications and visual outcome after @entity393 due to an unintended rupture of the posterior lens capsule during routine @entity231 surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 32 consecutive @entity1 who underwent planned @entity231 surgery by extra-capsular extraction or phacoemulsification during which the posterior lens capsule ruptured and vitreous prolaps occurred. In all @entity1 , the same surgeon was called to continue with the operation. After substantial transpapillary vitrectomy, a posterior chamber lens was implanted in all @entity1 . The pseudophakos was transsclerally fixed in 12 @entity1 . Mean follow-up time was 20.9 months (range, 1.5 to 71.6 months). RESULTS: The list of complications included cystoid macula @entity4 in 2 @entity1 (2/32 or 6.2%), persisting @entity19769 in 1 @entity1 (1/32 or 3.1%), and dislocation of the pseudophakos in one @entity1 (1/32 or 3.1%). @entity1713 did not occur. Compared with the preoperative status, visual acuity increased in 26 @entity1 (26/32 or 81%). Visual acuity of equal or better than 20/30 was achieved in 15 eyes (15/32 or 47%). In 5 eyes (5/32 or 16%), visual acuity was equal to or better than 20/25. CONCLUSIONS: In eyes with a ruptured posterior lens capsule during routine @entity231 surgery eventually requiring vitrectomy, frequencies of complications are relatively low, if all vitreous adherent to the edges of the lens capsule rupture is removed by substantial transpapillary vitrectomy, and if in doubt of a sufficient lens capsule support for the posterior chamber lens, the pseudophakos is fixed by transscleral sutures.

title: [Complications after rupture of the lens capsule with vitreous body prolapse during routine XXXX operations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity19769 :: ('MESH:C536439', 'Disease') :: ['corneal endothelial decompensation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous loss']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of intermittent @entity342 deprivation therapy (IADT) vs continuous @entity342 deprivation therapy (CADT) for the treatment of @entity263 ; we performed a meta-analysis of @entity23 ( @entity23 ), assessing the risks of disease progression, all-cause, and disease-specific mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of several bibliographic systems to identify all @entity23 of IADT in @entity1 with newly diagnosed metastatic or biochemical only @entity263 . We abstracted outcome data, study characteristics, and @entity1 demographics. We performed heterogeneity tests and calculated the summarized risk differences (RD) and risk ratios at 95% confidence intervals (CI), using inverse variance methods in random-effects approaches. RESULTS: We identified 8 @entity23 (N = 4664) comparing mortality between IADT and CADT. For all @entity1 combined, we observed small but nonsignificant differences in all-cause mortality (RD = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.02, 0.06), disease-specific mortality (RD = 0.04, 95% CI = -0.01, 0.08), and disease progression (RD = -0.03, 95% CI = -0.09, 0.04). Among the prespecified subgroup with histologically confirmed, newly diagnosed metastatic disease, we found no difference in overall survival (RD = 0.00, 95% CI = -0.09, 0.09). CONCLUSION: We found no difference in overall survival, but a small increased risk in disease-specific survival for @entity1 treated with IADT relative to CADT was observed. IADT could be considered as an alternative to CADT because of better quality of life outcome. @entity1 should be informed of the possible risks and benefits of both therapies. More research confirming the benefits of IADT vs CADT is needed to inform treatment decisions.

title: Efficacy of intermittent XXXX deprivation therapy vs conventional continuous @entity342 deprivation therapy for @entity263 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative identification of @entity1313 and @entity5 margins has been limited by either the resolution of the in vivo imaging technique or the time required to obtain histological specimens. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a high-resolution, real-time intraoperative imaging technique to identify an intracortical @entity320 . INSTRUMENTATION: OCT is a new, noncontact, high-speed imaging technology capable of resolutions on the micrometer scale. OCT is analogous to ultrasound B-mode imaging, except that reflections of infrared light, rather than sound, are detected. OCT uses inherent tissue contrast, rather than enhancement with dyes, to differentiate tissue types. The compact, fiberoptic-based design is readily integrated with surgical instruments. METHODS: A portable handheld OCT surgical imaging probe has been constructed for imaging within the surgical field. Cadaveric @entity1 cortex with metastatic @entity320 was harvested and imaged in two and three dimensions. Changes in optical backscatter intensity were used to identify regions of @entity5 and to locate @entity5 margins. Structures within the optical coherence tomographic images were compared with the histological slides. RESULTS: Two-dimensional images showed increased optical backscatter from regions of @entity5 , which was quantitatively used to determine the @entity5 margin. The images correlated well with the histological findings. Three-dimensional reconstructions revealed regions of @entity5 penetrating normal cortex and could be resectioned at arbitrary planes. Subsurface cerebral vascular structures could be identified and were therefore avoided. CONCLUSION: OCT can effectively differentiate normal cortex from intracortical @entity320 based on variations in optical backscatter. The high-resolution, high-speed imaging capabilities of OCT may permit the intraoperative identification of @entity5 and the more precise localization of @entity5 margins.

title: Optical coherence tomography for neurosurgical imaging of @entity1 intracortical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery is associated with reduced surgical @entity130 , therefore with acute-phase response of lower magnitude as compared with open surgery. We hypothesized that NOTES might induce reduced immune response as compared with laparoscopy. OBJECTIVE: To compare acute-phase reactants in a controlled trial of laparoscopic peritoneoscopy and ultrasonography versus transgastric or transcolonic NOTES peritoneoscopy and intraperitoneal endoscopic US. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1707 were divided in 3 groups: laparoscopy, transgastric and transcolonic NOTES. Serum levels of @entity22134 and @entity14463 were determined preoperatively and at day 2. Serum levels of @entity46763 and @entity22134 mRNA levels from isolated white blood cells were measured by RT-PCR at days 0, 1, 2 and 7. Necropsy was performed at sacrifice, with peritoneal fluid microbiological analysis, macroscopic and microscopic examinations on gastrotomy/colotomy or abdominal wall closure sites, liver and parietal peritoneum biopsy sites and any area suggestive of @entity281 . RESULTS: The groups were similar with regards to peritoneoscopy completeness, ultrasonographic examination and biopsies. The duration of NOTES procedures was significantly longer than laparoscopic procedures. Minor complications were observed in most animals by macroscopic and microscopic examination, but NOTES procedures were associated with severe complications in 3 @entity1707 ( @entity292 , abscess, mortality). No significant differences in acute-phase reactants levels were found between groups. CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference in the acute-phase reactants could be demonstrated between surgical and NOTES procedures. NOTES was however associated with more severe septic complications. Optimal closure remains a challenge and better devices are needed to avoid them.

title: Acute-phase response in XXXX undergoing laparoscopic, transgastric or transcolonic notes peritoneoscopy with us or eus exploration.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-dose @entity2177 is effective for the treatment of severe @entity3081 in adults. We assessed whether single-dose @entity2177 would be as effective as 3-day, 12-dose @entity2929 in achieving clinical cure in @entity1 with severe @entity3081 . METHODS: We did a randomised, open label, controlled trial in @entity1 age 2-15 years with @entity1838 O1 or O139 present in stool on dark-field microscopy. @entity1 received either a single 20 mg/kg dose of @entity2177 (n=90) or 12.5 mg/kg of @entity2929 (n=90) every 6 h for 3 days, and remained in hospital for 5 days. The primary outcome was clinical success of treatment, defined as cessation of watery stools within 48 h of start of drug treatment. Analysis was per protocol. This study is registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration System at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (registration number NCT 00142272) [corrected] FINDINGS: Of 180 @entity1 randomised 162 completed the study. Treatment was clinically successful in 60% (47/78) of @entity1 treated with @entity2177 and in 55% (46/84) of those treated with @entity2929 (difference 5% [95% CI -10 to 21]). @entity1 receiving @entity2177 vomited less often (58%vs 74%; difference 16% [2 to 30]), had fewer stools (15 vs 21; 6 [0 to 9]), and less stool volume (152 vs 196 mL/kg; 43 mL/kg [13 to 87]) than those receiving @entity2929 . Bacteriological failure was more common in @entity2177 -treated @entity1 (58%vs 30%; 28% [13 to 43]) than @entity2929 -treated @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: Single-dose @entity2177 achieves clinical outcomes similar to, or better than, those achieved with 12-dose @entity2929 treatment in childhood @entity3081 , but is less effective in eradicating @entity1838 from stool.

title: Single-dose @entity2177 versus 12-dose @entity2929 for childhood XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

answer: @entity3081 :: (MESH:D002771,Disease) :: ['cholera']


abstract: We report the case of a 28-year-old @entity1 attending for @entity3427 and @entity6 . @entity6 was a casual finding 2 years before consulting and was treated with diet and antidiabetic drugs. Acromegalic appearance, facial acne, penty, curled and rude hair, @entity12737 , ade I diffuse goitre, prominent abdomen with umbilical @entity547 , severe @entity382 , prominent muscles and veins with normal genitalia appeared in the physical examination. No other abnormalities were found. Hypophysis, thyroid, suprarenal and ovaric hormonal functional studies were normal. An @entity6 was found in the metabolic study. Ultrasound and TAC showed severe @entity382 . Bone radiographies showed diffuse lesions compatible with @entity4262 . Subcutaneous, hepatic and bone biopsy revealed lack of fat tissue, @entity1560 and osteal @entity82 . @entity1 s diagnosis was @entity6563 , @entity6563 or @entity38874 associated with @entity4262 . Case is studies and bibliographic references are reviewed.

title: [ @entity6563 associated with XXXX . Report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly', 'diffuse hepatomegaly and visceral fat lack']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['polyostotic fibrotic dysplasia', 'polyostotic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6563 :: ('MESH:D052497', 'Disease') :: ['Seip-Lawrence', 'Berardinelli-Seip syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

entities_list: @entity38874 :: ('MESH:D003923', 'Disease') :: ['lipoatrophic diabetes']

answer: @entity4262 :: (MESH:D005359,Disease) :: ['polyostotic fibrous dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity810 ( @entity810 ) incidence in pediatric cardiac surgery intensive care unit (ICU) ranges from 5 to 20% of @entity1 . In particular, clinical features of neonatal @entity810 are mostly represented by fluid retention, @entity4 and only slight @entity1011 increase; this is the reason why medical strategies to prevent and manage @entity810 have limited efficacy and early optimization of renal replacement therapy (RRT) plays a key role in the outcome of cardiopathic @entity1 . METHODS: Data on neonates admitted to our ICU were prospectively collected over a 6-month period and analysis of @entity1 with @entity810 analyzed. Indications for RRT were oligoanuria (urine output less than 0.5 ml/kg/h for more than 4 h) and/or a need for additional ultrafiltration in @entity4 @entity1 despite aggressive diuretic therapy. RESULTS: Incidence of @entity810 and need for RRT were equivalent and occurred in 10% of admitted neonates. Eleven @entity1 of 12 were treated by @entity298 ( @entity298 ) as only RRT strategy. @entity298 allowed ultrafiltration to range between 5 and 20 ml/h with a negative balance of up to 200 ml over 24 h. @entity1011 clearance achieved by @entity298 ranged from 2 to 10 ml/min/1.73 m2. We reported a 16% mortality in RRT @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity298 is a safe and adequate strategy to support @entity810 in neonates with @entity299 . Fluid balance control is easily optimized by this therapy whereas solute control reaches acceptable levels.

title: Renal replacement therapy in neonates with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'anasarca']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been an increase of drugs @entity4968 cases seen in the Emergency Department. This study has aimed to evaluate the characteristics of these cases in the Ram  n and Cajal Hospital in Madrid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive analysis about the drug poisonings diagnosed in 2004 was performed, using a retrospective search in the database of the electronic clinical records. The studied variables were gender, age, intention, drugs, admission into the hospital and relapse. RESULTS: There were 566 @entity4968 (47%) with a cumulative incidence of 0.1%, in which @entity1 (62.3%) were found to predominate, and the average @entity1 age was 42.46+/-19.97 years (range 14-100 years). In 64.31% of the cases (566), only one kind of drug was used, @entity1245 being the most common. This appeared at least once in 62% of the cases. Furthermore, 83% were cases of @entity4968 . Of the @entity4968 , digoxin was the most common drug with a frequency of 58.4%. A total of 28.6% of the cases were admitted into hospital, while the total number of @entity1 who suffered a relapse in this period was 10%. DISCUSSION: Voluntary drug intoxications are caused mostly by psychoactive drugs, likely due to a high prevalence of underlying @entity146 disease in these @entity1 . However, unintentional intoxications are mainly found in @entity1 under chronic treatment with drugs such as digoxin and antiepileptics. More studies should be carried out to analyze which kind of preventive actions could reduce or avoid the high number of relapses.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in the Ram  n y Cajal University Hospital during a year].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning', 'drug poisoning', 'voluntary poisoning', 'involuntary poisonings']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['drug poisoning']


abstract: The specific @entity1245 antagonist @entity5757 can enhance @entity1 recovery following local anaesthetic day-case surgery performed under sedation. However, in view of its short elimination half-life, concerns have been expressed about the risk of resedation following its use. An open, randomised, parallel group study was designed to explore this question. Eighty-five @entity1 were studied. Group A (n=43) @entity1 underwent local anaesthetic cystoscopy with intravenous (i.v.) @entity1363 sedation. Following cystoscopy, and 30 min after the injection of @entity1363 , a bolus dose of @entity5757 (0.5 mg i.v.) was given. Group B (n=42) @entity1 underwent no operation and received no drugs but, in all other respects, were treated in an identical fashion to @entity1 in group A. Tests of psychomotor function and memory were administered at baseline and again at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h (or equivalent times for group B @entity1 ) following the injection of @entity5757 . The test results showed no evidence of resedation, but there was evidence of incomplete reversal, as shown by significant differences in critical flicker fusion and delayed word recall at the 0.5-h test point. Group B @entity1 showed no evidence of practice effects but did demonstrate an impairment in test performance possibly related to motivational factors. In conclusion, this study provides no evidence of resedation when using @entity5757 to reverse the acute effects of @entity1363 . Incomplete reversal of @entity2730 need not delay @entity1 discharge but has important implications with respect to the timing and nature of information imparted to @entity1 prior to their release from hospital.

title: An assessment of resedation following @entity5757 -induced antagonism of intravenous XXXX : comparison of psychomotor and @entity2730 recovery with a non-sedated reference group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the two disability questionnaires and @entity1643 severity using the visual analog scale (VAS). DESIGN: One hundred sixty-two chiropractic @entity1 with @entity1643 were interviewed using an interactive microcomputer system. The sources of data were the St. Thomas and @entity717 questionnaires for disability and a VAS for @entity158 severity. All were inherent in the computer interview system. SETTING: The computer review system was set up in the Anglo-European College of Chiropractic outpatient clinic. @entity1 , @entity1 : One hundred sixty-two consenting new @entity1 from the general community suffering from @entity1643 who attended the Anglo-European College of Chiropractic outpatient clinic were asked to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome measures were the St. Thomas and @entity717 questionnaires for disability and the VAS for @entity1643 severity. RESULTS: There was a moderate correlation between the scores from the St. Thomas and @entity717 questionnaires (r = .77, p < .0001). A low but significant correlation score was found when comparing the St. Thomas and @entity717 score with @entity158 severity (0.38, p < .0001, and 0.47, p < .0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The consequence of @entity158 (disability) appears to have a weak relationship to @entity158 severity. Despite the moderate correlation between the two disability questionnaires, it is suggested that they are not interchangeable.

title: The relationship between the St. Thomas and @entity717 scores and the severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: A subclass of @entity219 finger proteins containing a unique protein motif called the positive regulatory (PR) domain has been described. The members include the PRDI-BF1/Blimp-1 protein, the @entity2199 @entity48456 and EVI1 gene products, and the @entity995 interacting protein RIZ. Here we describe a member of this family, SC-1, that exhibits several distinctive features. First, SC-1 interacts with the p75 neurotrophin receptor and is redistributed from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment of transfected COS cells. The translocation of SC-1 to the nucleus was specific for p75, as NGF binding to the TrkA receptor did not lead to nuclear localization of SC-1. Thus, SC-1 provides a downstream transducer for the effects of NGF through the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Under normal growth conditions, SC-1 was found predominantly in the cytoplasm. On serum-starvation, SC-1 also translocated into the nucleus. A direct correlation between nuclear expression of SC-1 with the loss of BrdUrd incorporation was observed. These results imply that SC-1 may be involved in events associated with @entity851 .

title: Identification of a XXXX finger protein whose subcellular distribution is regulated by serum and nerve growth factor.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2268 of the cavernous sinus is a rare but serious disease that most often affects young adults and @entity1 . It is associated with significant morbidity or mortality and is often related to local infections of the head. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and is confirmed by imaging. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 17-year-old male with a history of recurrent @entity1244 , who presented general signs of @entity2694 , and meningeal involvement. CT and MRI showed @entity715 of the cavernous sinus associated with @entity2806 . The therapeutic management included empiric antibiotic therapy, drainage of an orbital collection, and anticoagulation. The @entity1 died later secondary to @entity326 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2268 of the cavernous sinus is increasingly rare, it remains a lethal complication of @entity1244 , and mortality is still high. The course of this disease can be dramatic due to @entity16 . Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial.

title: Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis complicating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['infectious or vascular neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis', 'Thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['infection, orbital symptoms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intraretinal electroretinograms (ERG) during @entity2479 -reperfusion were analyzed to clarify which cells are affected in the cat dark-adapted eye. METHODS: @entity63 was induced by raising the intraocular pressure above arterial systolic pressure in vivo. Double-barreled microelectrodes were used to record the intraretinal ERGs and the light-evoked [K+]o decrease in the subretinal space. Vitreal ERGs, the standing potential and the transepithelial resistance were also recorded. RESULTS: After 10 minutes of @entity63 , vitreal ERG b- and c-waves had recovered fully in 2 hours, and after 30 minutes of @entity63 , recovered approximately 85% and 77% of their control amplitudes in 4 hours, respectively. At the early period of reperfusion after 10 minutes of @entity63 we observed the supernormal c-wave (124% of its control amplitude, n = 10) with an elevated standing potential. The transepithelial potential (TEP) c-wave increased without changes of slow PIII and transepithelial resistance when the supernormal amplitudes occurred. The light-evoked [K+]o decrease in the subretinal space (90% retinal depth) in the area centralis recovered to about 90% of the control amplitude in 2 hours, and after 30 minutes of @entity63 recovered to about 70% of the control amplitudes in 4 hours. The recovery courses of the slow PIII and TEP c-wave were almost the same as that of the light-evoked [K+]o decrease. CONCLUSIONS: The temporary supernormal amplitude of the ERG c-wave was originated from the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) during the early period of reperfusion after 10 minutes of @entity63 . The photoreceptors, Muller cell and @entity989 are responsible for the changes in the light-evoked [K+]o decrease, a slow PIII and TEP c-wave, respectively. Intraretinal recordings suggested that after @entity63 of 10 to 30 minutes duration, the responses of photoreceptors, Muller cells and the @entity989 recovered with a similar time course. These findings suggest that in all cases, primarily photoreceptors were damaged.

title: Intraretinal study of cat electroretinogram during XXXX -reperfusion with extracellular K+ concentration microelectrodes.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ischemia']


abstract: An analytical method has been developed to extract @entity2177 and @entity14116 from eggs. The aim of this work is to determine the experimental conditions of extraction providing high recoveries with small standard deviations. An experimental design based on the D-optimality criterion and replicated three times was built to evaluate the effect of five factors related to the extraction which is the most inaccurate stage of the procedure. This non-classical design is needed because there are several practical constraints: (i) the extraction procedure is time-consuming, @entity5176 are not stable and the design must be performed in a single working session. (ii) The tube capacity of the centrifuge is 6, so the number of experiments will be 6 or a multiple of 6. In the optimal experimental conditions, the extraction is performed once with 5 ml of @entity1042 . Then, @entity1718 are removed with a mixture of @entity4315 / @entity4543 . Analytes are finally separated and detected by HPLC-fluorescence without the additional step of purification by solid-phase extraction (SPE). Under these conditions, the mean recovery is 64% and 70% and the standard deviation 5% and 4% for @entity2177 and @entity14116 , respectively. The capability of decision, CCalpha, is 3.1 and 2.8 microg kg(-1) of @entity2177 and @entity14116 , respectively. The capability of detection, CCbeta, is 7.8 and 7.0 microg kg(-1) of @entity2177 and @entity14116 , respectively. In both cases the probabilities of false positive, alpha, and of false negative, beta, were fixed at 0.05.

title: Usefulness of D-optimal designs and multicriteria optimization in laborious analytical procedures. Application to the extraction of XXXX from eggs.

entities_list: @entity14116 :: ('MESH:C052904', 'Chemical') :: ['enrofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity5176 :: (MESH:D015363,Chemical) :: ['quinolones']


abstract: @entity1566 has an enormous impact upon the sexual relationship of a @entity1 and his partner. Erection may be partial or absent, orgasm altered or impossible, and fertility severely impaired. New understanding of the physiology of sexual function and improved treatment can enable most cord-injured @entity1 to achieve erections suitable for sexual satisfaction. Modern methods of sperm collection and fertility treatment mean that many can also be fathers. The best results are obtained by a team approach involving rehabilitation and reproductive medicine clinicians, nurses, @entity1566 specialists and counselors with the cord-injured @entity1 and his partner. Erections can be achieved by drugs, such as @entity7855 , that block phosphodiesterase 5, prolonging the action of @entity842 with resultant smooth muscle relaxation. Intracavernosal @entity5015 and mechanical systems, such as vacuum pumps and constriction rings, are also effective. Sexual gratification can be promoted in the context of an understanding relationship in which the cord-injured @entity1 can gain pleasure from pleasing his partner and also from his partner's exploration of erotogenic areas not affected by the @entity1566 . An emphasis on the broader view of @entity458 for a continuance and strengthening of bonds between the couple. Vibration ejaculation or electroejaculation can be used to collect semen. For a limited period in the acute phase, usually for about 6-12 days after injury, normal semen can be obtained by electroejaculation from some cord-injured @entity1 . With chronic @entity1566 the semen is of variable quality. Some @entity1 have necrospermia, which may be improved by regular ejaculation. Others have poor quality semen or @entity74 and, in this situation, in vitro fertilization techniques must be used to achieve parenthood. Trials of assisted ejaculation help individualize cost-effective management of the @entity249 .

title: Male fertility and sexual function after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexuality in relationships allows']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogenic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity1 1 (a 50-year-old @entity1 ) with bilateral @entity822 causing @entity699 underwent right-sided adrenalectomy. After an interval of 4 years 5 months, she underwent left-sided tumorectomy. @entity1 2 (a 46-year-old @entity1 ) underwent bilateral tumorectomy after a frozen-section diagnosis. Each adrenal contained a single macronodule that consisted of compact cells, clear cells, and oxyphilic cells, which had characteristic enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural features. In addition, the adrenals had a so-called pigmented nodule and extracapsular small focus of compact and clear cell proliferation in case 2. The nonnodular part of the cortex was @entity3202 in both cases. Fourteen @entity1 (mean +/- SD age, 42.5 +/- 5.55 years) with bilateral @entity822 associated with @entity699 have been described in the literature. Thirteen (93%) of the @entity1 were female. Three @entity1 had unilateral or bilateral multiple @entity652 . While the earlier described @entity1 underwent bilateral total adrenalectomy, those in recent reports had part of the adrenal resected unilaterally or bilaterally (ie, tumorectomy). The above features are useful in differentiating bilateral @entity822 from other types of bilateral adrenocortical lesions.

title: Bilateral @entity822 causing XXXX . Report of two cases with enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural studies and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenomas', 'adrenocortical adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare quantitatively Gross @entity5 volume (GTV), both primary and nodal areas of @entity135 , delineated on @entity8983 -positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( @entity419 -PET-CT) scan to those delineated on Contrast-enhanced CT scan (CECT scan). METHODS: A total of 26 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1544 of head and neck were included in this study. The primary sites were oropharynx (n = 7), hypopharynx (n = 6), paranasal sinus (n = 6), nasopharynx (n = 4), oral cavity (n = 2), and one with unknown primary and secondary neck node. All @entity1 underwent routine staging work-up. FDG-PET and CECT scans were performed with dedicated PET-CT scanner in single session as a part of the radiotherapy treatment planning for Intensity modulated radiotherapy/Image-guided radiotherapy. RESULTS: All @entity1 had abnormal increased uptake in PET-CT scans. PET-CT resulted in changes of CT-based staging in 8 of 26 @entity1 (up-staged in 7 and down-staged in 1). The mean primary and nodal GTV volumes on PET-CT and CT were significantly different (primary: PET-GTV: 48.43    53.21 cc vs. CT 54.78    64.47 cc, P < 0.001; nodes: PET-GTV: 12.72    15.46 cc vs. 11.04    14.87 cc, P < 0.001). The mismatch between two target volumes was statistically significant (P = 0.03 for GTV primary, P = 0.04 for GTV node). CONCLUSION: Accuracy of delineation of GTV can be improved along with functional imaging using @entity419 . These metabolically active volumes are significantly smaller than CT-based volumes and could be missed during conventional CT-based target delineations of GTVs.

title: A quantitative comparison of gross @entity5 volumes delineated on XXXX PET-CT scan and CECT scan in @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity8983 :: ('CHEBI:49134', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F]-2fluoro, 2deoxy d-glucose']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['[18F]-FDG']


abstract: Many studies have shown that gelatinases are secreted into the medium of cultures of various cell and tissue types, including bone cells. It is not clear, however, to what extent the culture process is responsible for inducing the expression of these proteases. In the present study, gelatinolytic enzymes were extracted directly from bone and other tissues and identified as bands of activity on @entity214 -PAGE enzymograms using gelatin as the substrate. Two forms of gelatinase (72-kDa and 92-kDa) were present in extracts of normal young @entity35 bone. Yields were markedly higher from compact bone than from other tissues (blood, marrow, @entity79 , and skin). More 92-kDa than @entity11017 was extracted from bone. The proteolytic specificity of the @entity6929 isolated from the bone extract was shown to be similar to that reported for the enzyme isolated from tissue culture media. Native type I collagen was not cleaved but heat denatured type I collagen (gelatin) and native type IV, type V, type IX and type XI collagens were degraded. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by @entity1098 . The results indicate that more gelatinases can be extracted from bone tissue than from other tissues using mild extraction conditions. The cellular origin and function of these enzymes in bone remain to be defined.

title: Direct extraction of gelatinases from XXXX bone.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['tendon, cancellous bone, articular cartilage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1486 (PSA) testing is recommended every 6 to 12 months for the first 5 years following radical prostatectomy as a means to detect potential disease recurrence. Despite substantial research on factors affecting treatment decisions, recurrence, and mortality, little is known about whether @entity1 receive guideline-concordant surveillance testing or whether receipt varies by year of diagnosis, time since treatment, or other individual characteristics. METHODS: Surveillance testing following radical prostatectomy among elderly @entity1 was examined using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results @entity5 registry data linked to Medicare claims. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the effect of demographic, @entity5 , and county-level characteristics on the odds of receiving surveillance testing within a given 1-year period following treatment. RESULTS: Overall, receipt of surveillance testing was high, with 96% of @entity1 receiving at least one test the first year after treatment and approximately 80% receiving at least one test in the fifth year after treatment. Odds of not receiving a test declined with time since treatment. Nonmarried @entity1 , @entity1 with less-advanced disease, and @entity7864 and Hispanics had higher odds of not receiving a surveillance test. Year of diagnosis did not affect the receipt of surveillance tests. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 receive guideline-concordant surveillance PSA testing after prostatectomy, although evidence of a racial disparity between non-Hispanic whites and some minority groups exists. The decline in surveillance over time suggests the need for well-designed long-term surveillance plans following radical prostatectomy. @entity5 2013;119:3523-3530..    2013 American @entity5 Society.

title: Use of XXXX testing as a disease surveillance tool following radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic blacks']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: Few @entity130 result in more profound and long-term disability than traumatic @entity1566 . This study describes the demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic @entity1566 among @entity6476 residents reported to the statewide, population-based surveillance system in 1988-1990; initial acute hospital and rehabilitation charges for 1989 are also included. There was a reported incidence rate of 40 per million population. Based on a reporting sensitivity of 77%, the "true" incidence of @entity1566 was estimated to be 51 per million population. Motor vehicle crashes accounted for 48% of @entity130 . Males aged 15-29 years and blacks were at highest risk of injury. Among blacks, the @entity130 was seven times that for whites or Native Americans. @entity167 /drug use was a contributing factor in 39% of @entity130 and was highest among males aged 20-29 years (58%), Native Americans (57%), and victims of motor vehicle crashes (48%) or violence (51%). The combined initial charges for @entity1 receiving both acute and rehabilitative care ranged from  9,790 to  666,510, with a median of  53,410 per @entity1 ; for complete @entity1688 , the combined median charge was  88,585. Despite its low incidence, hospitalization and rehabilitation charges for @entity1566 in 1989 caused an economic burden of an estimated  8.4 million. While the charges presented were only a small portion of the total costs of @entity1566 , they further substantiate the need for prevention efforts targeting these debilitating, often permanent @entity130 . These efforts should target young males and blacks, and should focus on preventing @entity130 associated with motor vehicle crashes, violence, and @entity167 /drug use.

title: Epidemiology of traumatic XXXX and acute hospitalization and rehabilitation charges for @entity1566 in @entity6476 , 1988-1990.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injury rate due to violence']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']