abstract: The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is the current 'gold standard' for monitoring disease severity in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). The EDSS is a physician-based assessment. A @entity1 -related surrogate for the EDSS may be useful in remotely capturing information. Eighty-one @entity1 (EDSS range 0-8) having EDSS as part of clinical trials were recruited. All @entity1 carried out the web-based survey with minimal assistance. Full EDSS scores were available for 78 @entity1 . The EDSS scores were compared to those generated by the online survey using analysis of variance, matched pair test, @entity6632 , weighted kappa coefficient, and the intra-class correlation coefficient. The internet-based EDSS scores showed good correlation with the physician-measured assessment ( @entity6632 = 0.85). Weighted kappa for full agreement was 0.647. Full agreement was observed in 20 @entity1 who had EDSS scores ranging from 0 to 6; many of those with 100 % agreement had scores of 5.5-6 (n = 8).The intra-class coefficient was 0.844 overall for all cases. Internet-based FS and EDSS show good agreement with physician-measured scores. Agreement was better in @entity1 with higher scores. Overall @entity1 satisfaction with the web-based assessment was high. An internet-based assessment tool is likely to prove an invaluable tool in the long-term monitoring in @entity15 .

title: Validating a novel web-based method to capture disease progression outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ["Pearson's coefficient"]

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: In addition to the symptom triad of intrusions, avoidance behaviour and hyperarousal, typical and frequent characteristics of @entity697 are @entity2414 and executive functions. So far, however, only a very limited number of studies have dealt with their effects on the capability to assess time-related information. The purpose of this prospective study therefore was to compare @entity1 after an acute traumatic experience with healthy controls in the course of 12  months, focusing on their ability to estimate time as a measure of their readiness of attention. 39 @entity1 aged 17-59  years (mean age  =  35.1  years, who had experienced a traumatic event and exhibited symptoms of @entity14469 ) were compared with 38 healthy controls (mean age  =  36.1  years) at eight times of measurement within a period of 12  months. Performance was determined by means of a prospective time estimation task. The @entity1 had to estimate a time interval of 5  s, once with and once without feedback about the quality of the estimates. The time estimates by the traumatised @entity1 were significantly less precise than those by the control group. Progress analyses have shown that @entity130 @entity1 exhibit larger deviations from the defined time interval, both under feedback conditions and without feedback. Psychological traumatisation leads to both an acute and long-term, demonstrable impairment of time estimation ability. The recognizable disturbance of information processing may both be a cause and a result of clinical @entity130 symptoms.

title: Influence of acute XXXX on time estimation behaviour: a prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity14469 :: ('MESH:D040701', 'Disease') :: ['acute stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic posttraumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological disturbances of working memory']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['psychological trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Preoperative radiochemotherapy for @entity5 causes a high rate of moderate-to-severe @entity137 and is associated with only moderate survival benefits. A simpler, safer, and more convenient treatment would be preferable. Preoperative tegafur suppositories (1,500 mg/day) for at least 14 days were piloted. METHODS: A total of 129 @entity1 with resectable @entity5 were enrolled. The primary end points were pathologic response, adverse events, rate of sphincter-sparing surgery, recurrence, and survival. RESULTS: The total dose of tegafur ranged from 21 to 78 (mean, 32) g. The anal sphincter was preserved in 60.5 percent with microscopic no @entity41 (R0). The overall morbidity rate was 32 percent. @entity2737 occurred in 13.2 percent of cases and @entity834 in 9 percent of cases. Pathologic responses were observed in 70 percent of @entity1 , with a complete @entity39 occurring in 3.9 percent, two-thirds or more @entity39 in 6.2 percent, one-third or more but less than two-thirds @entity39 in 18.6 percent, and less than one-third @entity39 in 41.9 percent. The mean total dose that @entity1 showing complete or two-thirds or more @entity39 received was 42.8 +/- 6.4 g (P = 0.01) compared with 31.6 +/- 1.2 g administered to @entity1 showing less than two-thirds @entity39 . Adverse events were observed in 15.6 percent of @entity1 overall, and Grade III or IV events were observed in 2.3 percent of @entity1 . During a median follow-up of 48 months, distant @entity3 occurred in 14.7 percent of @entity1 and local recurrence occurred in 6.2 percent of @entity1 . The four-year, disease-free and overall survival rates were 67.6 and 80.1 percent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative tegafur suppositories are associated with low @entity137 and may lead to anal sphincter-sparing surgery with acceptable postoperative complications and favorable local and distal control.

title: Preoperative tegafur suppositories for resectable XXXX : phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Optimal treatment for @entity2967 in the axial skeleton (GCTS) remains challenging. @entity954 remains the treatment of choice, but the potential @entity1566 may limit the extent of resection. We report the long-term results of treatment of six @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2967 of the spine treated with radiotherapy and review the literature regarding therapy. Between 1971 and 1995, six @entity1 with GCTS were treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy. The surgery consisted of either biopsy or subtotal resection of @entity5 . The involved vertebrae were then irradiated with doses ranging from 3000 to 5400 cGy. The mean follow-up was 13 years, and three of six @entity1 had follow-up of 17 or more years. Five of six @entity1 are alive with no evidence of disease. One is alive with disease, although it is not clinically apparent. No @entity1 was lost to follow-up. We conclude that radiotherapy is useful in the management of GCTS and that conservative surgery with local radiotherapy is a reasonable treatment alternative for @entity5 that cannot be completely excised or in which surgery would result in significant functional morbidity. Although there is no clear dose response, review of the literature suggests that doses ranging from 3500 to 4500 cGy are safe and effective in @entity2967 .

title: Radiotherapy for the treatment of XXXX of the spine: a report of six cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors', 'controlling giant cell tumor', 'giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical excision']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumor']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Total pancreatectomy for infiltrating @entity420 is not superior to pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of a prospective database of @entity1 . SETTING: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. @entity1 : All @entity1 (n = 488) undergoing pancreatic resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Duration of operation, estimated @entity190 , complications, length of stay, number of positive lymph nodes, presence of a positive margin, and survival times were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were identified who underwent total pancreatectomy, 28 of whom had @entity420 . Median length of stay was 32 days; 19 (54%) developed @entity260 , of which 63% were infectious. Thirty-day mortality was 3% (1 @entity1 ). Median survival was 9.3 months (range, 0.6-172 months). There was no significant difference between @entity1 with and without @entity420 in terms of duration of operation, estimated @entity190 , complications, length of stay, or number of readmissions. In @entity1 with @entity420 , margin or nodal status were not significant survival variables. @entity1 undergoing total pancreatectomy for @entity420 had a significantly worse overall survival than those undergoing total pancreatectomy for other reasons (P<.001), or compared with a contemporaneous cohort with @entity420 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 409) and distal pancreatectomy (n = 51) (7.9 vs 17.2 months; P<.002). CONCLUSIONS: Total pancreatectomy can be performed safely with low mortality; survival is predicted by the underlying pathologic findings: @entity1 undergoing total pancreatectomy for @entity420 have a uniformly poor outcome. Those undergoing total pancreatectomy for benign disease or nonadenocarcinoma variants can have long-term survival. In @entity1 who require total pancreatectomy for @entity420 , the survival is so poor as to bring into question the value of the operation.

title: Results of total pancreatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is a leading cause of @entity204 among @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity0 . Whether exercise is associated with reductions in @entity65 risk in @entity1 with @entity0 with an elevated @entity65 risk phenotype is not known. METHODS: Using a prospective design, @entity1 (n = 2,973; mean age, 57 years) diagnosed with nonmetastatic @entity0 participating in two registry-based, regional cohort studies, completed a questionnaire that assessed leisure-time recreational physical activity (metabolic equivalent task [MET]-h/wk). The primary end point was the first occurrence of any of the following: new diagnosis of @entity453 , @entity712 , @entity340 , @entity943 , @entity64 , or @entity65 @entity204 , occurring after study enrollment. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 8.6 years (range, 0.2 to 14.8 years). In multivariable analysis, the incidence of @entity65 decreased across increasing total MET-h/wk categories (Ptrend < .001). Compared with < 2 MET-h/wk, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.09) for 2 to 10.9 MET-h/wk, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.96) for 11 to 24.5 MET-h/wk, and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.80) for >=  24.5 MET-h/wk. Similar trends were observed for the incidence of @entity453 and @entity712 (P values < .05). Adherence to national exercise guidelines for adult @entity1 with @entity5 (ie, >=  9 MET-h/wk) was associated with an adjusted 23% reduction in the risk of @entity65 in comparison with not meeting the guidelines (< 9 MET-h/wk; P < .001). The association with exercise did not differ according to age, @entity65 risk factors, menopausal status, or anticancer treatment. CONCLUSION: Exercise is associated with substantial, graded reductions in the incidence of @entity65 in @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity0 .

title: Exercise and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in XXXX With Nonmetastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve abnormality']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the recently proposed Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scale that incorporates fixed criteria and a standard Likert scale based on overall impression in @entity263 localization using multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was HIPAA compliant and institutional review board approved. Seventy @entity1 who underwent 3-T pelvic MR imaging, including T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast material-enhanced imaging, with a pelvic phased-array coil before radical prostatectomy were included. Three radiologists, each with 6 years of experience, independently scored 18 regions (12 peripheral zone [PZ], six transition zone [TZ]) using PI-RADS (range, scores 3-15) and Likert (range, scores 1-5) scales. Logistic regression for correlated data was used to compare scales for detection of @entity5 larger than 3 mm in maximal diameter at prostatectomy. RESULTS: Maximal accuracy was achieved with score thresholds of 8 and higher and of 3 and higher for PI-RADS and Likert scales, respectively. At these thresholds, in the PZ, similar accuracy was achieved with the PI-RADS scale and the Likert scale for radiologist 1 (89.0% vs 88.2%, P = .223) and radiologist 3 (88.5% vs 88.2%, P = .739) and greater accuracy was achieved with the PI-RADS scale than the Likert scale for radiologist 2 (89.6% vs 87.1%, P = .008). In the TZ, accuracy was lower with the PI-RADS scale than with the Likert scale for radiologist 1 (70.0% vs 87.1%, P < .001), radiologist 2 (87.6% vs 92.6%, P = .002), and radiologist 3 (82.9% vs 91.2%, P < .001). For @entity5 with Gleason score of at least 7, sensitivity was higher with the PI-RADS scale than with the Likert scale for radiologist 1 (88.6% vs 82.6%, P = .032), and sensitivity was similar for radiologist 2 (78.0% vs 76.5, P = .467) and radiologist 3 (77.3% vs 81.1%, P = .125). CONCLUSION: Radiologists performed well with both PI-RADS and Likert scales for @entity5 localization, although, in the TZ, performance was better with the Likert scale than the PI-RADS scale. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.13122233/-/DC1.

title: XXXX localization using multiparametric MR imaging: comparison of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and Likert scales.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: Since significant @entity5 after initial colonoscopy is low, we conducted this pilot study to compare the predictive role for @entity14 recurrence of anti-DCC with that of @entity42485 binding to colonic effluent of high-risk @entity1 . DCC and @entity42485 effluent ELISA were performed at baseline colonoscopies. The results of follow-up colonoscopies were reviewed. To ensure specificity, immunohistochemistry and Western blot was performed with anti-DCC and for @entity42485 where optimal fixation times were also evaluated. Mean follow-up was 2.6 years. Of 21 @entity1 , 6 of 10 who progressed to CRN and 2 of 11 who did not had a positive @entity42485 ELISA result (P=0.08). Despite an initial good correlation with @entity42485 ELISA results in a smaller dataset, we were unable to obtain consistent subsequent DCC immunohistochemistry or Western blot data using antibody from two different sources. However, the original dataset of @entity42485 results was reproducible on repetition of the ELISA with a larger set of samples that included this initial dataset and optimal fixation time was 20 min. We conclude that @entity42485 appears to be a promising prognostic marker for @entity5 in the high-risk population. Industry standards need to be developed for DCC monoclonal antibodies that may have similar utility.

title: The use of early and midpoint adenoma-carcinoma sequence biomarkers in prediction of @entity5 in XXXX with a history of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish possible aetiological factors contributing to @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) overall and separately for different types of @entity4297 , as causes are unknown for the vast majority of @entity1 . DESIGN: To estimate a possible association with @entity66 and related drug treatments as exposures in the mothers of cases with right-sided obstructive defects of the heart (RSODH). SETTING: A large population-based Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of @entity154 data set. @entity1 : Newborn @entity1 with four types of RSODH based on autopsy or surgical records. INTERVENTIONS: Comparison of 200 live-born cases with RSODH including 72 (36.0%) with @entity849 , 13 (6.5%) with @entity1145 / @entity850 , 7 (3.5%) with @entity4924 and 108 (54.0%) with @entity1146 , with 304 matched controls and 38   151 population controls without any defects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk of any RSODH and risk of each type of RSODH. RESULTS: @entity101 , particularly chronic @entity101 with @entity594 treatment, was associated with a risk for RSODH (OR 7.03, 95% CI 3.13 to 13.84). High doses of @entity1501 reduced the birth prevalence of @entity1146 (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: The multifactorial threshold model provides the best explanation for the origins of RSODH. Genetic predisposition may be triggered by maternal @entity101 with @entity594 treatment, while the risk for @entity1146 is reduced by high doses of @entity1501 in early pregnancy.

title: @entity101 with XXXX treatment associated with a higher risk for right-sided obstructive defects of the heart: a population-based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['maternal diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['High blood pressure', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's anomaly"]

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) has characteristics that include @entity1032 , a characteristic phenotype, @entity4297 , @entity1200 , and increased risk of @entity2520 ( @entity2520 ). Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is the combined use of photosensitizers associated with low-level laser (LLL) and @entity26 , leading to singlet @entity26 formation, which contributes to the antibacterial activity of the phagocytes, killing bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of aPDT as an adjuvant to conventional periodontal treatment of @entity2520 in @entity1467 @entity1 . A double-blinded, controlled, randomized, split-mouth study was conducted. A total of 13 @entity1467 subjects who were 18  years or older and who presented at least one tooth in each quadrant of the mouth with @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ) equal to or greater than 5  mm were included. The @entity1 were evaluated at three different times: at the baseline, @entity5951 were obtained. After 1  week, conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) was performed, and two randomly selected quadrants also received aPDT. One month after SRP, all the @entity1 were reevaluated. Periodontal conditions were improved among all the @entity1 . The PDT-with-SRP group presented a nonsignificant reduction in @entity5951 (mean   =   1.27  mm, median   =   1.17  mm) relative to that of the SRP group (mean   =   1.00  mm, median   =   0.95  mm). Changes over time were compared using the Wilcoxon test. A significant reduction in median @entity5951 was observed in both groups (p   =   0.001). Both types of periodontal treatment, with and without PDT, were similarly effective and were associated with good clinical response.

title: Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant in periodontal treatment in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disorders']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['PPD', 'probing pocket depth']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down syndrome']


abstract: Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy was performed after exercise, 4 hours after exercise (redistribution) and after a separate rest injection in 87 @entity1 undergoing coronary arteriography. Significant @entity301 were present in 62 of the @entity1 . Interpretation of the rest and redistribution scintiscans was the same in 69 @entity1 , 45 of whom had @entity453 ( @entity453 ). In 16 of the 17 @entity1 with @entity453 and differing interpretations, defects were present on redistribution scintiscans but not on rest scintiscans; 11 of these @entity1 had evidence of prior transmural @entity583 and the other five had an occluded coronary artery supplying the region of the defect. Redistribution scintiscans were more sensitive than rest scintiscans for the detection of prior @entity583 (93% vs 54%; P less than 0.01). The increased sensitivity was confined to the detection of prior @entity583 . In 36 of 38 @entity1 with persistent perfusion defects on 4-hour redistribution scintiscans, either a prior @entity1188 or an occluded coronary vessel was present. Exercise scintiscans were compared with rest scintiscans or with redistribution scintiscans for the detection of @entity453 . The sensitivity was not significantly different with either technique (90% and 89%, respectively), but both scintigraphic techniques were more sensitive than exercise electrocardiography (66%, P less than 0.01). These data demonstrate that redistribution thallium-201 scintiscans may be substituted for conventional rest scintiscans, resulting in reduced cost and radiation exposure to the @entity1 .

title: Comparison of single-dose and double-dose thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy for the detection of XXXX and prior @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'inferior myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To confirm the predictive value of photopic cone b-wave implicit time in 30 Hz flicker electroretinography (ERG) for @entity2194 (NV) in central @entity2994 (CRVO), and to compare the ERG results to the presumed healthy fellow eye. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 71 consecutive @entity1 with CRVO. After ERG examination, all @entity1 were followed for at least 12 months, or until NV was found. Three @entity1 died during the study period; none of the other @entity1 were lost to follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 (33.8%) developed NV during follow-up. The mean cone b-wave implicit time of all @entity1 was 32.6 ms [standard deviation (SD) 5.21]. All 18 @entity1 with an implicit time of 35.0 ms or higher (> 0.5 SD from mean) developed NV. In @entity1 who developed NV, the average implicit time was 38.5 ms (range 29.7-43.9 ms); in @entity1 without NV (n = 47), the average implicit time was 29.6 ms (range 24.7-34.9 ms) (P < 0.0001). The average implicit time in the presumed healthy fellow eye was 28.7 ms (range 24.4-33.9 ms) in @entity1 with NV, and 26.5 ms (range 23.7-33.2 ms) in @entity1 without NV (P = 0.002). The mean interocular difference in implicit time was 9.9 ms (range 4.1-15.7 ms) in @entity1 with NV and 2.9 ms (range -1.0 to 10.0 ms) in @entity1 without NV (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with CRVO should be examined routinely with photopic 30 Hz flicker ERG, which is a simple and objective clinical test that can identify @entity1 at risk of ocular NV. On the assumption that the presented ERG settings are used, implicit times of 35.0 ms or higher (> 0.5 SD from mean) are clearly associated with the development of ocular NV. To compare the ERG result of the affected eye to the presumed healthy fellow eye is probably of less value.

title: Photopic 30 Hz flicker electroretinography predicts @entity2194 in central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular neovascularization']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review a large cohort of @entity1 with @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) and to analyze the epidemiology and outcomes with various treatment modalities. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review was performed that encompassed @entity1 who were treated for @entity5436 at a single center from 1990-2007. Demographics, disease characteristics, referring cytology, and histologic information were recorded. Primary outcome was recurrence or progression to @entity189 . Statistical analyses were performed with statistical software. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-three @entity1 were included in the study: median age, 50 years (range, 21-84 years); white, 87%; current or previous smokers, 35%. At the time of diagnosis, 23% of the @entity1 had VAIN1; 37% of the @entity1 had VAIN2, and 35% of the @entity1 had VAIN3. Referral Papanicolaou smear results of high-grade squamous @entity75 or atypical glandular cells revealed VAIN2 or VAIN3 in 89% of cases (P = .0019) vs 53% of cases with low-grade squamous @entity75 . The median follow-up period was 18 months (range, 1-194 months). VAIN1 was observed in 70% of cases; 71% of @entity1 who were treated for VAIN1 had recurrence or progression. VAIN2 was treated in 77% of @entity1 ; 53% of those who were treated had recurrence or progression. VAIN3 was treated in 94% of cases; 31% of them had recurrence or progression. Risk of recurrence was not correlated to @entity5436 type (P = .3). Six @entity189 were discovered in @entity1 with VAIN2 and VAIN3. Median time to progression was 17 months for VAIN1, 11 months for VAIN2, and 11 months for VAIN3 (P = .036). CONCLUSION: Despite the subtype, @entity5436 often recurs but does so more quickly with higher grade @entity1141 .

title: A contemporary analysis of epidemiology and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia', 'VAIN']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: C3-like exoenzymes are produced by various microorganism including @entity6940 (C3bot), @entity5259 and @entity794 . C3bot is the prototype of C3-like exoenzymes that specifically @entity857 -ribosylates and thereby inactivates Rho(A/B/C). C3-like exoenzymes are not yet regarded as virulence factors, as the lack of cell entry domains results in a poor accessibility of the C3-like exoenzymes to cells. In this study, the sensitivity of various cell lines to C3bot has been reinvestigated. Primary monocytes as well as cultured macrophage-like cells including J774A.1 cells and RAW macrophages exhibit a tenfold higher sensitivity to C3bot than fibroblasts and epithelial cells. RhoA @entity857 -ribosylation by C3bot resulted in the formation of pronounced @entity162 based on defective tail retraction. The formation of @entity162 resulted in inhibited macrophage migration. These findings suggested that macrophages appear to be target cells of C3bot. Migration of macrophage is a prerequiste for their recruitment to the site of pathogen invasion or tissue damage. Inhibition of macrophage migration likely preserves the survival of C3-producing microorganisms. The observations of this study reinforce the paradigm of a role of C3-like exoenzymes as virulence factors.

title: Inhibition of macrophage migration by XXXX exoenzyme C3.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar protrusion', 'bipolar protrusions']

entities_list: @entity6940 :: ('1491', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium botulinum']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus']

answer: @entity6940 :: (1491,Species) :: ['C. botulinum']


abstract: @entity4697 @entity1 have @entity1168 variability, a risk factor for @entity1164 , and increased rates of @entity204 and @entity64 . @entity2645 has been found to further reduce heart rate variability in @entity4697 . This study uses power spectral analysis to compare autonomic components of heart rate variability in 16 unmedicated control subjects and 17 @entity4697 @entity1 before and after treatment with @entity903 at 20 mg/day for 4 weeks. @entity1 had higher predrug reclining and standing sympathetic activity than control subjects. After drug, @entity1 ' total sympathetic activity decreased. Predrug @entity1 failed to increase sympathetic activity on orthostasis, lacking the normal baroreflex response found in control subjects. After drug, @entity1 normalized this sympathetic component of the baroreflex response. Before drug, @entity1 ' parasympathetic reclining and standing activity did not differ from control subjects, and @entity1 showed the normal orthostatic parasympathetic decrease. After drug, @entity1 ' total parasympathetic activity increased, whereas the baroreflex response was preserved. Nine medicated @entity1 had more than a 50% reduction of @entity4697 attacks. In view of @entity903 's increase of heart rate variability, potential benefits of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors in decreasing cardiac mortality in @entity4697 are discussed.

title: XXXX increases heart rate variability in @entity4697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['Panic', 'panic', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipramine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

answer: @entity903 :: (MESH:D017374,Chemical) :: ['Paroxetine']


abstract: We examined and compared the actions of @entity10680 on the release of insulin from isolated, intact @entity35 islets of Langerhans within a perifusion system. Islets were isolated from adult male @entity35 by collagenase digestion and Ficoll gradient separation, and were maintained in tissue culture for 48 h before perifusion. Following an equlibration period, islets were perifused with medium containing 2.7 mM @entity413 from 0 to 30 min. and 2.7, 11.1 or 16.7 mM @entity413 from 30 to 90 min. All chambers then received medium with 2.7 mM @entity413 from 90 to 120 min. Various doses (6.7-53 nM) of @entity2135 , des(1-3) @entity2135 or @entity2620 were given either as a pulse between 30 and 35 min, or continuously from 30 to 90 min. Insulin was measured in effluent medium by RIA. When 11.1 mM @entity413 was administered after 30 min an immediate increase in insulin release occurred, from a baseline of 1-3 pmol/fraction to approximately 7 pmol/ fraction. The elevated rate of release was maintained until 90 min, and fell when the @entity413 concentration was lowered. @entity413 at 16.7 mM was a less effective insulin secretogogue than was 11.1 mM. When islets received a pulse infusion of @entity2135 (13.3 nM) at 30 min in the presence of 11.1 mM @entity413 , a statistically significant increase (p < 0.005) in insulin release occurred, of approximately 10 pmol/fraction in excess of that seen with @entity413 alone. The @entity2135 -stimulated insulin release was still higher than controls at 115 min. When the concentration of @entity2135 was altered between 6.7 nM and 53 nM, maximum insulin release was achieved with 13.3 nM @entity2135 , both lower and higher concentrations being less effective. A significant inhibition of insulin release occurred with 53 nM @entity2135 compared with @entity413 alone. @entity2620 (13.3 nM) did not significantly increase insulin release, while 53 nM @entity2620 significantly inhibited release of insulin relative to controls. Des(1-3) @entity2135 (13.3 nM), which has a reduced binding affinity for IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), administered with 11.1 mM @entity413 caused an immediate increase in insulin release, which fell to control values within 30 min. Western ligand blot analysis identified four IGFBP species in perifused islets, of 46 kDa, 35 kDa, 28 kDa, and 19 kDa respectively, of which the 28 kDa species was identified immunologically as @entity10681 . When @entity2135 was administered continuously from 30 to 90 min it inhibited @entity413 -stimulated insulin release at all concentrations used. The results suggest that under perfusion conditions, @entity2135 can act both as a potent insulin secretogogue, augmenting the actions of @entity413 , and as an inhibitor of insulin release, depending on concentration and kinetics of administration.

title: XXXX has a dual effect on insulin release from isolated, perifused adult @entity35 islets of Langerhans.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity2135 :: (24482(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The data concerning a consecutive series of 4,536 adult @entity1 suffering from minor @entity542 treated at the Department of Neurosurgery over a period of one year are reported. METHOD: The @entity1 ' age, sex and the circumstances of the injury have been taken into consideration. The @entity1 , according to the new method, were divided into four groups. Group 0 (3,864 @entity1 ) included all @entity1 with Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score 15. They did not present any clinical features such as @entity909 ( @entity909 ), post-traumatic @entity2730 ( @entity865 ), @entity10 or @entity391 . No @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) such as coagulopaties, @entity988 , @entity734 , @entity302 , previous neurological treatment or disabled elderly @entity1 were detected. Group 1 (600 @entity1 ) included @entity1 with GCS score 15. The @entity1 presented one or more clinical features ( @entity909 , @entity865 , @entity10 , @entity391 ). No @entity4059 were presented. Group 2 (24 @entity1 ) included @entity1 with GCS score 14 with or without clinical features ( @entity909 , @entity865 , @entity10 , @entity391 ) and with or without @entity4059 . Group 0-1R (48 @entity1 ) included @entity1 with GCS score 15 with or without clinical features ( @entity909 , @entity865 , @entity10 , @entity391 ). All of them presented @entity4059 . The presence of focal neurological signs, @entity542 and GCS score < or = 13 were considered criteria for exclusion. FINDINGS: All the @entity1 from groups 1, 0-1R, 2 and 187 @entity1 from group 0 underwent CT scan for a total of 859 exams which are analyzed and discussed. 458 @entity1 were admitted and are divided as follows: 216 from group 0, 192 from group 1, 26 from group 0-1R and all the 24 belonging to group 2. Six @entity1 were treated surgically (3 extradural haematomas, 2 lobe contusions, 1 @entity6477 ) and one of them (0.02% of the total) died (extradural haematoma). The @entity1 who were not admitted were sent home with an information sheet after at least a six hour observation period. INTERPRETATION: The authors draw the conclusion that they have evaluated the applicability and efficacy of guidelines, developed by the study group on @entity542 of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery. A critical part of our guidelines is not only to identify all the @entity1504 , but to identify @entity1 harbouring relevant intracranial mass before clinical deterioration.

title: XXXX : one year experience according to the new Italian guideline.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'risk factors']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'open injury', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness', 'LOC']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural haematoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Minor head injuries']


abstract: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The curative treatment of @entity263 includes surgery, external beam radiation or interstitial radiation. However, a high percentage of @entity1 may develop @entity66 , which is often localised. The possibilities of treatment in these cases, including surgery or adjuvant radiotherapy, are not well defined. Brachytherapy is a well established first-line treatment option. We review and update the use of brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrences post-radiotherapy, brachytherapy or radical prostatectomy as an alternative to surgery and radiotherapy, with a focus on functional and oncological outcomes. Salvage therapeutic options following radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for @entity1 with local relapse of @entity263 include radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, brachytherapy or cryotherapy. Salvage radical prostatectomy following radiotherapy failure is associated with a 5-year PSA relapse-free rate of 30-40%. Biochemical relapse-free survival rates after salvage radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy failure range from 10% to 77% after a follow-up of 22-60 months. A number of studies have evaluated salvage brachytherapy for radiotherapy failure and 5-year biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) rate results reported are of the order of 20-87%; one study reported a 10-year bDFS rate of 54%. Fewer studies in small numbers of @entity1 and with shorter follow-up have been conducted on brachytherapy for radical prostatectomy failure and bDFS rates reported include 25.8% at a median of 29 months to 70% at a median of 20 months. The side-effects were as expected for brachytherapy. A newer initiative conducted in Spain in a larger series of 42 @entity1 with failure following radical prostatectomy involves brachytherapy with RAPID Strand   (125) I seeds and real-time placement. The 5-year bDFS rate was 88.6% and @entity5 -specific survival was 97%; complication rates were low. Optimization of salvage brachytherapy is under way and involves accurate placement of seeds, dose optimization and optimal @entity1 selection.

title: Brachytherapy for the treatment of recurrent XXXX after radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: We evaluated the physiological response, sprint performance and technical ability in various phases of the Copenhagen Soccer Test for @entity1 (CSTw) and investigated whether the locomotor activities of the CSTw were comparable to competitive match-play (CM). Physiological measurements and physical/technical assessments were performed during CSTw for eleven Norwegian high-level @entity1 soccer players. The activity pattern during CSTw and CM was monitored using the ZXY tracking system. No differences were observed between CSTw and CM with regards to total distance covered (10093  94 and 9674  191m), high intensity running (1278  67 and 1193  115m) or sprinting (422  55 and 372  46m) (p>.05). During CSTw, average HR was 85  2%HRmax with 35  2% playing time >90%HRmax. Blood @entity880 increased (p<.05) from 1.4  0.3mM at rest to an average of 4.7  0.5mM during CSTw, with no changes during the test. Blood @entity413 was 5.4  0.3mM at rest and remained unaltered during CSTw. Sprint performance (2 20m) decreased (p<.05) by 3% during CSTw (8.19  0.06-8.47  0.10s). In conclusion, the locomotor activities during CSTw were comparable to that of high-level competitive match-play. The physiological demands of the CSTw were high, with no changes in heart rate, blood @entity880 or technical performance during the test, but a lowered sprint performance towards the end of the test.

title: Application of the Copenhagen Soccer Test in high-level XXXX players - locomotor activities, physiological response and sprint performance.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment of @entity249 -related hormonal dysfunction in @entity1 requires an understanding of the hormonal basis of spermatogenesis. The best method for accurately determining male androgenization status remains elusive. Treatment of hormonal dysfunction can fall into two categories - empirical and targeted. Empirical therapy refers to experience-based treatment approaches in the absence of an identifiable aetiology. Targeted therapy refers to the correction of a specific underlying hormonal abnormality. However, the tools available for inferring the intratesticular hormonal environment are unreliable. Thus, understanding the limitations of serum hormonal assays is very important for determining male @entity342 status. Furthermore, bulk seminal parameters are notoriously variable and consequently unreliable for measuring responses to hormonal therapy. In the setting of @entity3893 owing to @entity409 , hormonal therapy - relying on truly objective parameters including the return of sperm to the ejaculate or successful surgical sperm retrieval - is a promising treatment. This approach to the treatment of fertility-related hormonal dysfunction in @entity1 contrasts with the current state of its counterpart in female reproductive endocrinology. Treatment of @entity10552 has long emphasized empirical therapy, whereas treatment of the corollary female dysfunction has been directed at specific deficits.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX -related @entity10552 .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogenic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['male hormonal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: Riboswitches are highly structured elements in the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) of messenger RNA that control gene expression by specifically binding to small metabolite molecules. They consist of an aptamer domain responsible for ligand binding and an expression platform. Ligand binding in the aptamer domain leads to conformational changes in the expression platform that result in transcription termination or abolish ribosome binding. The @entity2774 riboswitch binds with high-specificity to @entity2774 and @entity3625 and is among the smallest riboswitches described so far. The X-ray-structure of its aptamer domain in complex with @entity2774 / @entity3625 reveals an intricate RNA-fold consisting of a three-helix junction stabilized by long-range base pairing interactions. We analyzed the conformational transitions of the aptamer domain induced by binding of @entity3625 using high-resolution NMR-spectroscopy in solution. We found that the long-range base pairing interactions are already present in the free RNA and preorganize its global fold. The ligand binding core region is lacking @entity3884 bonding interactions and therefore likely to be unstructured in the absence of ligand. @entity1025 -ions are not essential for ligand binding and do not change the structure of the RNA-ligand complex but stabilize the structure at elevated temperatures. We identified a mutant RNA where the long-range base pairing interactions are disrupted in the free form of the RNA but form upon ligand binding in an Mg2+-dependent fashion. The tertiary interaction motif is stable outside the riboswitch context.

title: Interplay of 'induced fit' and preorganization in the ligand induced folding of the aptamer domain of the XXXX binding riboswitch.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

answer: @entity2774 :: (MESH:D006147,Chemical) :: ['guanine']


abstract: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) represents one of the @entity5 , with an overall life expectancy of 6 months. Despite considerable advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis of @entity1124 , the outcome of the disease was not significantly improved over the last 20 years. Although some achievements in molecular-targeted therapies have been made (that is, targeting the @entity470 by @entity3866 ), which already entered clinical settings, and despite the promising outcome of the FOLFIRINOX trial, there is an urgent need for improvement of the chemotherapy in this disease. A plethora of molecular alterations are thought to be responsible for the profound chemoresistance, including mutations in oncogenes and @entity5 suppressors. Besides these classical hallmarks of @entity5 , the constitutive or inducible activity of transcription factor pathways are characteristic changes in @entity1124 . Recently, three transcription factors-nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 ( @entity13791 )-have been shown to be crucial for @entity5 development and chemoresistance in @entity788 . These transcription factors are key regulators of a variety of genes involved in nearly all aspects of tumorigenesis and resistance against chemotherapeutics and death receptor ligands. Furthermore, the pathways of NF-kB, NFAT and @entity13791 are functional, interacting on several regulatory steps, and, especially, natural compounds such as @entity6108 interfere with more than one pathway. Thus, targeting these pathways by established inhibitors or new drugs might have great potential to improve the outcome of @entity1124 @entity1 , most likely in combination with established anticancer drugs. In this article, we summarize recent progress in the characterization of these transcription-factor pathways and their role in @entity1124 and therapy resistance. We also discuss future concepts for the treatment of @entity1124 relying on these pathways.

title: The 'N-factors' in @entity788 : functional relevance of NF-kB, NFAT and @entity13791 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deadliest malignancies', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: We studied 54 living relatives from a large French kindred, among which 17 members presented with a @entity296 transmitted on an autosomal dominant mode. Five of these individuals had clinical manifestations of @entity121 phenotypically consistent with @entity12654 . Genetic analysis of this kindred had demonstrated a nonsense mutation in the @entity4223 gene located on chromosome 1q11-q23. This gene encodes lamins A and C, proteins of the nuclear lamina located on the inner face of the nuclear envelope. We retrospectively determined the cause of death of 15 deceased family members, 8 of whom had died suddenly, 2 as a first and single manifestation of the disease. The six other cases had histories of @entity943 and left @entity67 before dying suddenly, and three of them died despite the prior implantation of a permanent pacemaker. The mean age of onset of @entity299 among affected living family members was 33 years (range 15-47 years), and the first symptoms were due to marked @entity713 or @entity1817 , requiring the implantation of permanent pacemakers in seven cases. @entity296 accompanied by @entity943 developed rapidly in the course of the disease and resulted in severe @entity384 requiring cardiac transplantation in three cases. In conclusion, in @entity1 presenting a life-threatening familial or sporadic cardiac restricted phenotype similar to that described here, mutations in the lamins A and C gene should be looked for. In the genotypically affected individuals, cardiological and electrophysiological follow-up should be performed to prevent @entity944 that could occur rapidly in the evolution of such disease.

title: High incidence of @entity944 with conduction system and XXXX due to lamins A and C gene mutation.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'Myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12654 :: ('MESH:D020389', 'Disease') :: ['Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial disease']


abstract: We investigated the familial resemblance of bone microarchitecture parameters between postmenopausal mothers with @entity174 and their premenopausal daughters using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). We found that daughters of @entity1 with @entity174 have lower total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), thinner cortices, and impaired trabecular microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia, compared to controls. INTRODUCTION: Familial resemblance of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in mothers and daughters has been widely studied, but not its morphological basis, including microarchitecture. METHODS: We compared aBMD, vBMD, bone size, and bone microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia assessed by HR-pQCT in mothers and their premenopausal daughters. We included 115 @entity1 aged 43        8  years whose mothers had sustained a @entity174 and 206 @entity1 aged 39        9  years whose mothers had never sustained a @entity174 . RESULTS: @entity1 whose mothers had @entity174 had significantly (p   <   0.05) lower aBMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, mid-distal radius, and ultradistal radius compared to controls. In similar multivariable models, @entity1 whose mothers had a @entity174 had lower total vBMD at the distal radius (-5  %, 0.3 standard deviation [SD]; p   <   0.005) and distal tibia (-7  %, 0.4 SD; p   <   0.005). They also had lower cortical thickness and area at the distal radius (-5  %, 0.3 SD and -4  %, 0.2 SD, respectively; p   <   0.005) and at the distal tibia (-6  %, 0.3 SD and -4  %, 0.3SD, respectively; p   <   0.005). Trabecular vBMD was lower at the distal radius (-5  %, 0.3 SD; p   <   0.05) and tibia (-8  %, 0.4 SD; p   <   0.005), with a more spaced and heterogeneous trabecular network (4 and 7  % at the radius and 5 and 9  %, at the tibia, p   <   0.05, for Tb.Sp and Tb.Sp.SD, respectively). CONCLUSION: Premenopausal daughters of @entity1 who had sustained @entity174 have lower total and trabecular vBMD, thinner cortices, as well as impaired trabecular microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia, compared with premenopausal daughters of @entity1 without @entity174 .

title: Impaired trabecular and cortical microarchitecture in daughters of XXXX with osteoporotic fracture: the MODAM study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fragility fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: In advanced @entity1489 of the head and neck region, the @entity5 may be unresectable or curative resection or radiation may either fail or produce poor functional and cosmetic results. The goal of this study was to test the ability of preoperative chemotherapy to decrease the extent of needed resection and @entity5 response. Five @entity1 , three with @entity957 and two with @entity1491 , were treated before surgery with three cycles of @entity900 20 mg/m2 daily for 4 days and @entity1732 20 mg/day for 4 days by continuous infusion every 3 weeks. All @entity1 had @entity5 in the head and neck region, one had unresectable @entity5 , two had @entity2173 , and one was a 13-year-old @entity1 . The history of prior treatments was as follows: radiation therapy (n = 3), systemic chemotherapy (n = 1), surgery (n = 1), and no treatment (n = 1). One @entity1 had complete clinical but not pathologic response, three had partial response, and one had progressive disease. The extent of resection after chemotherapy was dramatically reduced in the @entity1 with a complete response and minimally changed in the @entity1 with partials responses and progressive disease. All @entity1 who underwent surgery became @entity5 free. Preventable @entity137 was symptomatic @entity1272 in one @entity1 , reversible elevation of @entity1011 in one @entity1 , and mild @entity1209 in three @entity1 . With this report, the total number of @entity1 with @entity1489 who were treated with @entity900 is 68, and their overall response is 80%. Only 16 reported @entity1 were treated with preoperative chemotherapy, and study of this treatment approach to advanced @entity1489 should be pursued.

title: Preoperative treatment of advanced XXXX with @entity900 and @entity1732 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer', 'skin cancer', 'skin carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and patterns of initial failure for oral @entity12698 , intravenous @entity900 , and @entity1487 and concurrent pelvic radiotherapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 were treated with concurrent @entity1487 and @entity900 chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy and brachytherapy. @entity12698 was prescribed at a dose of 400 mg twice daily for 1 year beginning on the first day of radiotherapy. The overall and disease-free survival rates were determined. RESULTS: A total of 84 @entity1 were accrued, of whom 78 were eligible. The estimated 2-year disease-free survival and overall survival rate was 69% and 83%, respectively. Of the 78 @entity1 , 24 had treatment failure: 3 with persistent @entity66 , 9 local only, 2 regional, 4 distant, 1 regional and distant, 1 local and distant, and 2 with local, regional, and distant disease, and 1 had died of @entity5 without a reported site of first failure and 1 without evidence of disease. CONCLUSION: At 2 years, the estimated disease-free survival and overall survival rate for @entity1 with advanced @entity5 who underwent a combination of chemoradiotherapy and @entity12698 treatment was 69% and 83%, respectively. Recurrent disease developed in 24 @entity1 , and, of those @entity1 , 18 had a component of locoregional failure as a site of first failure. Thus, locoregional control continues to be problematic after chemoradiotherapy as delivered in our study. The identification of more active biologically targeted therapies is warranted for the treatment of advanced @entity5 .

title: Efficacy and patterns of failure for locally advanced XXXX treated with @entity12698 ( @entity12698 ) and chemoradiotherapy in RTOG 0128.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'cancer of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the cervix']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1649 ( @entity1649 ) associated with type 1 @entity1645 is particularly uncommon and is limited to isolated case report. The aims of this study were to report the clinical correlates of @entity1 who had simultaneously @entity1649 and type 1 @entity1645 and to present the outcome of these @entity1 treated with @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) surgery. We retrospectively evaluated 13 @entity1 who had simultaneously @entity1649 and type 1 @entity1645 among 675 @entity1649 @entity1 . Clinical features and radiological findings were collected from each @entity1 and analyzed. All these 13 @entity1 were surgically treated with @entity5663 through retro-mastoid microsurgical approach, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. A review of literature about this association was also provided. In this study, the frequency of type 1 @entity1645 in @entity1649 @entity1 was 1.9  %. The clinical profile of this series of @entity1 did not differ from typical form of primary @entity1649 . @entity5663 achieved satisfactory results in 11 @entity1 (85  %) in short- and long-term follow-up. There was no mortality or severe complication occurred postoperatively. Although rare, clinician should be aware of the association of @entity1649 and type 1 @entity1645 and consider @entity5663 as an effective surgical management.

title: @entity1649 associated with type 1 XXXX : a retrospective study of 13 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular decompression', 'MVD']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['HFS', 'Hemifacial spasm']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation between @entity28 and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) has long been studied, but no convincing conclusion has been drawn. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relative risk associated with @entity1386 which is at present believed to be a better predictor of @entity301 . DESIGN: This was a community-based case-control study. METHODS: We studied 338 consecutively admitted @entity1 who had had their first @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and 662 community controls who had not suffered @entity583 selected as a random sample of adults living in the catchment area of the hospital. We defined three classes of body mass index (BMI) and waist: hip circumference ratio on the basis of tertiles of distribution for controls. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Separate models were built for @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: In univariate analysis we found a higher risk of @entity583 for @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity101 , dyslipidaemia, @entity6 and lower levels of education, for older @entity1 , for male smokers and for @entity1 with family histories of @entity301 . Both for @entity1 and for @entity1 a higher BMI was associated with a slightly higher risk, whereas the adjusted risk of @entity583 increased with increasing waist: hip circumference ratio [for @entity1 OR (second tertile)= 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-4.9 and OR (third tertile)= 11.1, 95% CI 6.0-20.6; for @entity1 OR (second tertile) = 3.0, 95% CI 0.6-14.8 and OR (third tertile) = 14.1,95% CI 3.2-62.7]. This relation held for each BMI class and was stronger for classes of lower BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of body fat rather than BMI is a strong marker of risk for @entity583 and there is a clear interaction between these two variables.

title: XXXX and risk of @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['upper-body adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['Upper-body adiposity']


abstract: The binding of biologically active and 125I-labeled @entity19562 (NT-3) was studied with both dry film and emulsion autoradiography to compare with NGF binding and discover areas where NT-3 may function in vivo. The equilibrium binding of 300 pM 125I-NT-3 to @entity35 brain sections was reversible and inhibited by unlabeled NT-3 (IC50, 420 pM). 125I-NT-3 bound in a saturable manner, with high affinity (Kd, 227-269 pM), and with a capacity (Bmax, 26 fmol/mg protein) that exceeded that of NGF by threefold. As with NGF, 125I-NT-3 also bound to a second population of sites with lower affinity (Kd, 2.8 nM) and higher capacity (Bmax, 170 fmol/mg protein). 125I-NT-3 binding was not blocked by NGF, or serum proteins, and @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) competed for it in a distinctly biphasic manner (IC50 values of 230 pM and 37 nM). Microdensitometry confirmed graphically and by Hill analysis the monophasic displacement of 125I-NT-3 and the biphasic displacement of 125I-NT-3 binding by @entity2252 in hippocampus, caudate-putamen, neocortex, and olfactory tubercle. In @entity35 or cat, the topography of 125I-NT-3 binding differed from that reported for 125I-NGF binding or for the low-affinity NGF receptor. The highest binding densities were found in neocortical layers 1 and 2, the stratum oriens and radiatum of hippocampus, molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, entorhinal cortex, anterior olfactory nucleus, anteromedial thalamic nucleus, and amygdala. Moderate densities were found in neocortical layers 4-6, the neostriatum, amygdala, the dorsal root ganglia, and the central gray of spinal cord. Emulsion autoradiography also revealed binding in nerve terminal-rich regions of superficial neocortex and hippocampus but not on neural cell bodies. Binding was absent in many other brain regions, including cholinergic nuclei, and in all peripheral organs studied including liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, and skeletal muscle. 125I-NT-3 binding to sections of @entity1 basal ganglia resembled that seen in @entity35 or cat, including high densities in the caudate, putamen, and superficial neocortex. The unique distribution and pharmacology of 125I-NT-3 binding to @entity2252 -sensitive and -insensitive sites in brain predict predominantly neuronal actions for these factors that are likely to be more widespread and distinct from those of NGF.

title: Characterization and topography of high-affinity 125I- XXXX binding to @entity1 brain.

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity19562 :: (4908,Gene) :: ['neurotrophin-3']


abstract: The development of resistance and @entity74 after treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors is becoming a controversial issue. We investigated the experimental conditions that cause multireceptor @entity669 kinase inhibitors (RTKI) to augment @entity3 and whether opportune combinations with chemotherapy could counteract this effect. The @entity703 was transplanted orthotopically in the kidney of Balb/c @entity19 , which then were or were not nephrectomized. The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was transplanted in the tibial muscle of C57/Bl6 @entity19 . Treatment with the RTKI @entity2240 started at different stages of @entity5 progression, mimicking neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings. Combination studies with @entity1311 , @entity632 , @entity900 , @entity136 , and @entity1945 were done on the @entity2 model, using opportune regimens. In a neoadjuvant setting, @entity2240 inhibited @entity5 growth, prolonging survival despite an increase in lung @entity3 ; treatment after @entity5 surgery (adjuvant setting) or on established @entity3 prolonged survival and decreased @entity3 . @entity2240 increased lung @entity3 from @entity19 bearing early-stage @entity2 , but did not affect established @entity3 (no acceleration) from advanced @entity5 . Combinations with @entity632 , @entity1945 , @entity136 , but not @entity900 and @entity1311 , counteracted the increase in @entity3 from @entity2 , partly reflecting their antitumor activity. Histology analysis after @entity2240 confirmed @entity5 vascular changes and increased @entity519 . @entity1945 at suboptimal daily doses reduced @entity2240 -related @entity3 , reducing @entity5 . @entity669 kinase inhibitors, as @entity2240 , can have adverse malignant effects mainly in the neoadjuvant setting. The addition of chemotherapy might influence @entity3 , depending on each drug mechanism of action and its regimen of administration.

title: Chemotherapy counteracts metastatic dissemination induced by antiangiogenic treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib', 'Sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hypoxia', 'tumor', 'primary tumor', 'Renca-luc tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['LLC', 'Lewis Lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan', 'Topotecan']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal Renca-luc tumor']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Toxins isolated from the venom of the Brazilian coral snake (Micrurus frontalis frontalis) include @entity548 and postsynaptic neurotoxins. Toxicon 35, 1193-1203, 1997.-Two sets of proteins have been purified from the venom of the Brazilian coral snake, Micrurus frontalis frontalis. One set has mol. wts, as shown by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE), in the 8000-13,000 range and includes some proteins which are toxic to @entity19 and others which are not. These proteins appear to be isoforms of postsynaptic toxins. The other set shows @entity23834 ( @entity23834 ) activity and the toxic members of this set promote @entity548 in @entity19 in a manner closely resembling that produced by PLA2s isolated from the venom of the Australian @entity7928 snake (Notechis scutatus scutatus). These PLA2s migrate on @entity214 -PAGE with apparent mol. wts in the 18,000-22,000 range which is characteristic of PLA2s that have an alpha-helix D similar to pancreatic PLA2s. Elapid venom PLA2s of the type which typically migrate on @entity214 -PAGE with mol. wts in the 13,000-16,000 range and do not have alpha-helix D have not been detected in M. f. frontalis venom.

title: Toxins isolated from the venom of the Brazilian coral snake (Micrurus frontalis frontalis) include XXXX and postsynaptic neurotoxins.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic type phospholipases A2', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic type phospholipases A2']


abstract: A family history of @entity43 has been shown to be associated with @entity2 risk among postmenopausal @entity1 . The present report examines the hypotheses that a family history of @entity5 is positively associated with histological subtypes of @entity2 most strongly associated with smoking and that a family history of @entity43 are positively associated with risk of @entity2220 . Data are from the Iowa @entity1 's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 34,480 @entity1 ages 55-69 in 1986. Personal smoking histories, use of @entity167 , and family history of selected @entity5 in first- and second-degree relatives were collected at baseline. Follow-up for @entity5 occurrence was achieved through the State Health Registry of Iowa. After baseline exclusions, a total of 343 incident @entity2 were identified in the cohort at risk through 1994. @entity1 with a family history of @entity5 in a first-degree relative had a multivariate-adjusted relative risk of @entity2 of 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-2.6] compared to @entity1 without a family history. The risk was particularly high for @entity5 most strongly associated with smoking (squamous, small cell, and large cell @entity5 ; relative risk, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7). Consistent with our hypotheses, a family history of @entity43 was associated with an approximately 2-fold increased risk (multivariate adjusted) of @entity2220 ; the association with @entity5 more strongly associated with smoking was inverse (relative risk, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2-2.4). A family history of uterine @entity5 was not associated with @entity420 , but there was a positive association observed for the most strongly smoking-associated histological types. These results suggest that a family history of @entity5 is a modest independent risk factor for @entity2 most strongly associated with smoking, and a family history of @entity43 is a risk factor for @entity2220 .

title: Association of family history of @entity43 with histological categories of @entity2 : the Iowa XXXX 's Health Study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'cervical, ovarian, or uterine cancer', 'ovarian or uterine cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'increased lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the cost effectiveness of adding cetuximab to @entity902 -based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity213 ( @entity213 ) from the perspective of the Canadian public healthcare system. METHODS: We developed a Markov state transition model to project the lifetime clinical and economic consequences of recurrent or metastatic @entity213 . Transition probabilities were derived from a phase III trial of cetuximab in @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity213 . Cost estimates were obtained from London Health Sciences Centre and the Ontario Case Costing Initiative, and expressed in 2011 CAD. A three year time horizon was used. Future costs and health benefits were discounted at 5%. RESULTS: In the base case, cetuximab plus @entity902 -based chemotherapy compared to @entity902 -based chemotherapy alone led to an increase of 0.093 QALY and an increase in cost of  36,000 per @entity1 , resulting in an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of  386,000 per QALY gained. The cost effectiveness ratio was most sensitive to the cost per mg of cetuximab and the absolute risk of progression among @entity1 receiving cetuximab. CONCLUSION: The addition of cetuximab to standard @entity902 -based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity213 has an ICER that exceeds  100,000 per QALY gained. Cetuximab can only be economically attractive in this @entity1 population if the cost of cetuximab is substantially reduced or if future research can identify predictive markers to select @entity1 most likely to benefit from the addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy.

title: Cost-effectiveness of adding cetuximab to XXXX -based chemotherapy for first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The American Academy of Pediatrics supports palliative care (PC) for all @entity1 with life-threatening illnesses. Thus, many @entity4837 ( @entity4837 ) @entity1 and their families could benefit from PC. Our study objective was to examine provision of PC as experienced by mothers and healthcare providers (HCPs) of @entity4837 @entity1 with life-threatening illnesses. Palliative care components explored included communication, choices, comfort, psychosocial and spiritual needs, and coordination of care. METHODS: In this qualitative, descriptive study, we conducted semistructured interviews with mothers of @entity1 with life-threatening illnesses and @entity4837 HCPs who cared for these @entity1 . Mothers selected HCPs who were key figures during their @entity1 's @entity4837 stay to participate. Interviews were transcribed and manually coded until themes emerged and theoretical saturation was achieved. Researchers reviewed charts for demographics and notes pertaining to PC. Triangulation of maternal interviews, HCP interviews, and chart notes was performed. RESULTS: Theoretical saturation was achieved after 12 interviews. Mothers identified 5 nurses and 1 physician to be interviewed. Five themes were identified following data analysis and triangulation: (1) communication, (2) privacy, (3) continuity of care and relationship building, (4) maternal knowledge seeking, and (5) emotional turmoil. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH: Of domains of pediatric PC explored, @entity1 emphasized transparent communication, family meetings as a venue for collaboration and shared decision making, the significance of psychosocial support for maternal emotional distress, and the importance of continuity of care across an often long and stressful hospitalization. Although mothers desired privacy, @entity1 valued the security of the open-room @entity4837 design. Future research should address components of PC that predominate in this specialized population.

title: Perceptions of Palliative Care in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal intensive care unit', 'NICU']

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['NICU']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to test whether the administration of a vascular-selective organic @entity460 antagonist ( @entity10129 ) at the onset of early mechanical reperfusion (by coronary angioplasty) in @entity583 could prevent or attenuate postischemic stunning and enhance the recovery of left ventricular function in these @entity1 . The study included 36 @entity1 with anterior @entity583 who underwent an early and successful primary coronary angioplasty within 3 hours of the onset of @entity662 (mean time to reperfusion = 113 +/- 37 minutes). The @entity1188 was the left anterior descending artery in all @entity1 . All had @entity66 . Baseline coronary arteriography was completed by left ventriculography. When the @entity1188 was identified, a guidewire was placed into the target vessel and a balloon catheter was positioned in the artery. At this point all @entity1 were administered 0.8 mg of intracoronary @entity3362 through the guiding catheter. @entity1 were then randomized. Seventeen @entity1 (the NIT group) did not receive further treatment during the procedure, while the other 19 @entity1 (the NIS group) received an additional 0.05 mg of intracoronary @entity10129 . Postprocedure treatment consisted of oral @entity3362 (80-120 mg/day) plus @entity4688 (10-20 mg/day) in the NIT group @entity1 , and oral @entity10129 (20 mg/day) plus @entity4688 (10-20 mg/day) in the NIS group @entity1 . The same treatment was maintained during the 6-month follow-up period. An echocardiographic study was performed at 1, 7, 30, 90, and 180 days following the procedure. Left ventriculography and coronary angiography were repeated at 1 and 180 days after the mechanical reperfusion. An exercise test was performed at 30, 90, and 180 days following primary angioplasty. Left ventriculograms and two-dimensional echocardiograms were analyzed by a computerized system that evaluated left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, segmental wall motion, and diastolic function (from the left ventricular volume curve). Under baseline conditions, the clinical and angiographic characteristics of the @entity1 were similar in both treatment groups. The results showed a significantly earlier recovery of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in the NIS group @entity1 compared with those of the NIT group. Also, exercise capacity was significantly better at 30 days in the NIS group. The findings of the present study provide further evidence that early reperfusion in @entity583 is likely to be followed by @entity1562 . The vascular-selective organic @entity460 antagonist @entity10129 , administered at the onset of reperfusion, seems to attenuate postischemic stunning and to enhance the recovery of left ventricular function in this clinical subset.

title: Recovery of left ventricular function following early reperfusion in @entity583 : a potential role for the @entity460 antagonist XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stunning']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity10129 :: (MESH:D015737,Chemical) :: ['nisoldipine']


abstract: Modest acute hypovolaemia in @entity35 markedly decreases the duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion via neurohumoral links. The present study was undertaken to investigate if such a procedure influences the morphological changes observed following an acid challenge of the duodenal mucosa. Experiments were performed on anaesthetized male @entity35 . @entity5828 (10 or 100 mM) was infused during 15 min into the duodenum via a luminally situated catheter. Time controls were compared with animals bled 10% of total blood volume. @entity16 was evaluated by light microscopic morphometry on transverse sections and by scanning electron microscopy of the luminal surface. Perfusion with either 10 mM or 100 mM @entity5828 reduced villus length by about 30%. The villus area was unaffected by 10 mM @entity5828 , but was reduced significantly by 10% by 100 mM @entity5828 as compared with @entity1219 time controls. Hypovolaemia did not influence the morphometrical changes induced by 10 mM @entity5828 but reduced significantly both villus length (-28%) and villus area (-10%) as compared with the unbled 100 mM @entity5828 group. Scanning electrone microscopy (SEM)-based @entity227 score was not influenced by the hypovolaemia procedure in any of the acidities. Morphological changes of the duodenal mucosa, induced by moderate intra-luminal acidity (10 mM @entity5828 ), is not influenced by hypovolaemia. However, at higher acidities (100 mM @entity5828 ) the hypovolaemia contributes to more severe @entity16 .

title: Effects of hypovolaemia on acid-induced XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage', 'Mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['duodenal mucosal damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity6586 LrgA/B holin-like proteins have been shown to affect biofilm formation and oxidative stress tolerance, and are regulated by oxygenation, @entity413 levels, and by the LytST two-component system. In this study, we sought to determine if LytST was involved in regulating lrgAB expression in response to @entity413 and oxygenation in @entity6586 . RESULTS: Real-time PCR revealed that growth phase-dependent regulation of lrgAB expression in response to @entity413 metabolism is mediated by LytST under low- @entity26 conditions. However, the effect of LytST on lrgAB expression was less pronounced when cells were grown with aeration. RNA expression profiles in the wild-type and lytS mutant strains were compared using microarrays in early exponential and late exponential phase cells. The expression of 40 and 136 genes in early-exponential and late exponential phase, respectively, was altered in the lytS mutant. Although expression of comYB, encoding a DNA binding-uptake protein, was substantially increased in the lytS mutant, this did not translate to an effect on competence. However, a lrgA mutant displayed a substantial decrease in transformation efficiency, suggestive of a previously-unknown link between LrgA and @entity6586 competence development. Finally, increased expression of genes encoding antioxidant and DNA recombination/repair enzymes was observed in the lytS mutant, suggesting that the mutant may be subjected to increased oxidative stress during normal growth. Although the intracellular levels of reaction @entity26 species (ROS) appeared similar between wild-type and lytS mutant strains after overnight growth, challenge of these strains with @entity273 ( @entity274 ) resulted in increased intracellular ROS in the lytS mutant. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results: (1) Reinforce the importance of LytST in governing lrgAB expression in response to @entity413 and @entity26 , (2) Define a new role for LytST in global gene regulation and resistance to @entity274 , and (3) Uncover a potential link between LrgAB and competence development in @entity6586 .

title: Identification of the XXXX LytST two-component regulon reveals its contribution to oxidative stress tolerance.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fatigue has received little attention in the @entity1744 . Emerging evidence exists that @entity1243 may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1295 in several conditions. We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of @entity1295 and its characteristics in @entity1744 and to analyze the relationship between @entity1295 and @entity1243 . METHODS: We enrolled 51 consecutive @entity1744 @entity1 and 22 healthy controls without @entity1295 . None of them were @entity308 . The Fatigue Impact Scale was used to evaluate @entity1295 . RESULTS: In all, 62.7% of @entity1744 @entity1 verbally expressed @entity1295 and rated more than 4 on the visual analog scale. The total score of @entity1295 was significantly higher in @entity1744 than in controls. In @entity1744 @entity1 , but not in controls, a significant association was found between the total score of @entity1295 and @entity1243 and this association was more pronounced in 32 @entity1744 @entity1 who verbally expressed @entity1295 (r=0.60; P=0.0003). In @entity1744 , @entity1243 correlated with @entity1295 independently from age, sex, fat mass and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that @entity1295 occurs in 62.7% of @entity1744 @entity1 when systematically asked for. Fatigue influences all three domains of the Fatigue Impact Scale in @entity1744 , the most being the physical and the psychosocial domains. Fatigue is associated with circulating @entity1243 levels independently from age, sex, fat mass and body mass index in @entity1744 . The metabolic sequence involved in the occurrence of @entity1295 remains to be determined.

title: Fatigue in @entity1744 : characterization and putative role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and types of traumatic @entity8495 in situations of domestic violence. A coross-sectional study was conducted and data were collected from the police occurrence records to domestic physical aggression between 2001 and 2005. Of the 1,844 subjects who underwent medical evaluation, 15 had information pertaining to traumatic @entity8495 . From the medical records, the forensic medical reports completed by the forensic medical experts who examined the victims after the aggression were reviewed and data of individuals with @entity8495 (e.g., @entity174 , @entity155 and @entity155 ) were collected. In the selected sample, there was a predominance of individuals with @entity542 and neck region (38.7%), and the frequency of traumatic @entity8495 among all @entity542 and neck region was 2.0%. The most frequently injured teeth were the maxillary incisors (31.8%), followed by the mandibular incisors (27.3%) and the maxillary @entity235 (9.1%). In 31.8% of the injured teeth, the forensic experts did not specify the nomenclature. Of the dental @entity130 cases, 59.1% were @entity174 , 27.2% were luxations and 13.7% were @entity155 . In conclusion, domestic violence was an important etiologic factor of @entity130 . The aggression in all cases occurred in the form of punches and slaps. @entity174 was the most common type of @entity130 , and the most frequently injured teeth were the incisors.

title: Occurrence of XXXX in cases of domestic violence.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the head']

entities_list: @entity8495 :: ('MESH:D018677', 'Disease') :: ['dental injuries']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['luxation', 'avulsion', 'avulsions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic dental injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic dental injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease involving oxidative stress as well as a wide variety of cells activated from smoking cigarettes. There have been disappointingly few therapeutic advances in drug therapy for @entity1030 . Plant @entity6398 have been the topic of much research regarding their antioxidant activities and antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, we ask whether apple @entity3978 provides protection against cigarette smoke (CS)-induced @entity647 . METHODS: ICR @entity19 were exposed to CS for 4 d with increasing exposure time for up to 6 h per day to elicit epithelial cells injury. One hour before smoke exposure, @entity19 were treated with apple @entity3978 ( @entity28476 ) by gavage; all examinations were performed 18 h after the last CS exposure. RESULTS: @entity28476 at 30, 100, or 300 mg not only significantly dose-dependently reduced the CS-induced accumulation of inflammatory cells and gene/protein expression of proinflammatory factors both in the lung and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but also significantly reversed oxidative stress in the lungs. Additionally, treatment with @entity28476 also significantly regulated the CS-induced imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in the lungs. To investigate further the possible signaling pathway of @entity28476 effects, we examined protein expression of p-P38 MAPK by immunohistochemistry that found treatment with @entity28476 significantly decreased the CS-induced increases of p-P38 expression in the lungs. CONCLUSION: Taken together, @entity28476 may be a potential dietary nutrient supplement agent to improve quality of life of @entity1030 @entity1 by inhibiting CS-exposed @entity647 via P38 MAPK signaling pathway.

title: Apple @entity3978 protects against cigarette smoke-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical unloading (MU) of a failing heart using a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) can lead to "bridge to recovery" in some @entity1 . However, it is still unknown how to determine when to withdraw assistance. We sought to determine the optimal duration of MU by investigating its short- and long-term effects using a @entity35 model of heterotopic heart transplantation. METHODS: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) was induced in Lewis @entity35 by ligating the left anterior descending artery. In the MU- @entity712 groups, failing hearts were harvested and heterotopically transplanted. In the non-unloaded @entity712 groups and the control group, hearts were not transplanted. After 2, 4 and 8 weeks, we evaluated papillary muscle function, histologic change and cardiac gene expression. Normal hearts served as the control group. RESULTS: In the MU- @entity712 groups, papillary muscle function improved significantly in the early period of unloading. It peaked and normalized at 4 weeks of unloading, but decreased to 50% the level of a normal heart at 8 weeks. In parallel with papillary muscle function, expression of @entity18107 ( @entity18107 ) mRNA and SERCA2a mRNA normalized at 2 and 4 weeks of unloading, respectively, but deteriorated after 4 weeks. Cardiomyocyte @entity1184 was normalized at 2 weeks of unloading, but extended unloading induced @entity299 . @entity296 increased after unloading. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical unloading of the failing heart can help normalize cardiac function, cardiomyocyte @entity1184 and cardiac gene expression for an optimal duration (<4 weeks), but this normalization deteriorates with prolonged support.

title: Determination of optimal duration of mechanical unloading for failing hearts to achieve bridge to recovery in a XXXX heterotopic heart transplantation model.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac atrophy']

entities_list: @entity18107 :: ('25105(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']