abstract: OBJECTIVE: CT-colonography has been suggested to be less burdensome for primary @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening than colonoscopy. To compare the expected and perceived burden of both in a randomised trial. DESIGN: 8844 Dutch citizens aged 50-74 years were randomly invited for @entity14 screening with colonoscopy (n=5924) or CT-colonography (n=2920). Colonoscopy was performed after full colon lavage, or CT-colonography after limited bowel preparation (non-cathartic). All invitees were asked to complete the expected burden questionnaire before the procedure. All @entity1 were invited to complete the perceived burden questionnaire 14 days later. Mean scores were calculated on 5-point scales. RESULTS: Expected burden: 2111 (36%) colonoscopy and 1199 (41%) CT-colonography invitees completed the expected burden questionnaire. Colonoscopy invitees expected the bowel preparation and screening procedure to be more burdensome than CT-colonography invitees: mean scores 3.0  1.1 vs 2.3  0.9 (p<0.001) and 3.1  1.1 vs 2.2  0.9 (p<0.001). Perceived burden: 1009/1276 (79%) colonoscopy and 801/982 (82%) CT-colonography @entity1 completed the perceived burden questionnaire. The full screening procedure was reported as more burdensome in CT-colonography than in colonoscopy: 1.8  0.9 vs 2.0  0.9 (p<0.001). Drinking the bowel preparation resulted in a higher burden score in colonoscopy (3.0  1.3 vs 1.7  1.0, p<0.001) while related bowel movements were scored more burdensome in CT-colonography (2.0  1.0 vs 2.2  1.1, p<0.001). Most @entity1 would probably or definitely take part in a next screening round: 96% for colonoscopy and 93% for CT-colonography (p=0.99). CONCLUSION: In a @entity14 screening programme, colonoscopy invitees expected the screening procedure and bowel preparation to be more burdensome than CT-colonography invitees. In @entity1 , CT-colonography was scored as more burdensome than colonoscopy. Intended participation in a next screening round was comparable.

title: Burden of colonoscopy compared to non-cathartic CT-colonography in a XXXX screening programme: randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity0 tissue from 95 @entity1 was simultaneously assayed for three receptors: cytosolic @entity172 (CER), cytosolic @entity1420 (CPR), and nuclear @entity172 (NER). The main objective was to determine whether the addition of NER assay to the currently accepted practice with only CER and CPR could improve the predictive capacity of receptors. Forty-two @entity1 were studied for response to hormone therapy and 95 @entity1 were studied for survival; the median follow-up period was 73 months (range, 8 to 300 months). The incidence of CER+, CPR+, and NER+ was 74%, 70%, and 52%, respectively. Each receptor appeared more frequently, although not significantly so, in higher age groups. Forty percent of @entity5 had all three receptors positive and 14% had all negative; the remaining @entity5 showed all possible combinations of receptors. Both the rate of response and survival curves among 70 @entity1 with CER+ did not show any significant difference whether NER was positive or negative. Also, among 38 @entity1 with CER+, CPR+, and NER+, there was no significant difference in the clinical outcome as compared to 17 @entity1 with CER+, CPR+, and NER-. Among 25 @entity1 with CER- the rare occurrence of NER+ in only three @entity1 did not suggest any clinical implication. It is concluded, therefore, that on overall clinical grounds the current series does not support the addition of NER assay whenever data is available on both CER and CPR.

title: A clinical evaluation of nuclear @entity172 receptors combined with cytosolic XXXX and @entity1420 receptors in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The global incidence of @entity341 and urgent medical?surgical conditions in @entity5 @entity1 has not been well described. The aim of the study was to identify the main symptoms and diagnoses in @entity1 seen for consultation at the Urgent Care Service in a Mexican @entity5 Center. This was a retrospective observational study. The information was obtained from the Continuous Admission Service daily consultation records at the Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center "21st Century," Institute of Social Security, Mexico City. During a 6-month period, 4937 @entity1 were seen for consultation. True oncologic @entity341 were 3.7%, urgencies 52.5% and non-urgent were 43.7%. Most common symptoms for emergency and urgency @entity1 consultations were severe @entity158 (69.5%) and dehydration with electrolyte imbalance (11.4%). Prevalent symptoms were associated with the primary @entity5 or metastatic dissemination (89% cases). The most frequent baseline diseases were @entity0 . @entity341 in this series were @entity326 and severe @entity1398 (20%), @entity1457 due to severe @entity548 (16.5%), and severe @entity1353 due to @entity55 or pleural efusion (12%). Data evaluating the use of analgesic drug therapy for @entity5 alone indicate that 80% of @entity1 report adequate analgesia. @entity1337 failures were associated with an insufficient prescription or with inadequate consumption of opioid analgesics. The Urgent Care Center at a @entity5 Center offers the best opportunity for diagnosis and treatment of @entity341 and urgent care conditions in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: [Emergencies and urgent medical-surgical conditions attended at a comprehensive XXXX center].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast, colorectal, cervical, lung and stomach carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'cancer pain', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Defined oncologic emergencies', 'emergencies']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in @entity35 causes several behavioral and neurochemical central nervous system changes, reminiscent of symptoms of @entity1 @entity308 . Moreover, @entity308 -like behavior after OBX can be reversed with antidepressant drugs. However, the lasting effects of these antidepressant drugs on behavior after cessation of treatment have never been studied. METHODS: Male @entity35 received OBX or sham surgery. After recovery, animals received 14 consecutive daily doses of @entity2645 (20 mg/kg), @entity837 (5 and 10 mg/kg), or vehicle. Animals were tested in an open field after acute, sub-chronic, and chronic injections, as well as 1, 2, 6, and 10 weeks after cessation of treatment. RESULTS: The OBX-induced @entity2915 was normalized after sub-chronic administration of @entity2645 and @entity837 . Two weeks after treatment, activity of OBX animals was comparable to sham-treated animals, but after 6 weeks, OBX animals treated with both doses of @entity837 had returned to pre-treatment @entity2915 levels. The OBX animals treated with the high @entity2645 dose (20 mg/kg) retained activity levels comparable to sham-treated animals until 10 weeks after cessation of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic but not acute administration of @entity2645 and @entity837 normalizes OBX-induced @entity2915 . This effect continues for up to 10 weeks after cessation of treatment in a dose dependant manner.

title: Long-term behavioral changes after cessation of chronic antidepressant treatment in olfactory bulbectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIMS: To report prevalence of @entity4457 and long-term impact of its treatment on vision in a population-based sample of 12-year-old Australian @entity1 . METHODS: Logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity (VA) was measured in 2353 @entity1 (response rate 75.3%); @entity227 was defined as VA<6/12. Amblyopia was defined using various criteria of best-corrected VA, together with an amblyogenic factor and absence of significant organic pathology. Corroborative historical data on previous diagnosis and treatment were obtained from parental questionnaires. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 (1.9%) were diagnosed with @entity4457 , unilateral in 40 and bilateral in four. Isolated @entity9340 was the most frequent cause (41%), followed by strabismus (25%), combined @entity9340 and strabismus (23%), and high ametropia (9%). @entity1714 , @entity3467 , and @entity940 were present in 28, 51, and 44% of amblyopic @entity1 , respectively, compared to 12, 4, and 9% of non-amblyopic @entity1 . Mean best-corrected VA in amblyopic eyes was 44.5 logMAR letters (Snellen equivalent 6/9), range: 11-60 letters. Most @entity1 with @entity4457 (84%) had been treated. Only 27% were @entity227 in their amblyopic eye. CONCLUSIONS: This report documents a low @entity4457 prevalence in a population of 12-year-old Australian @entity1 . Amblyopic @entity227 was infrequent in this sample despite absence of mandatory vision screening.

title: Impact of XXXX on vision at age 12 years: findings from a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually impaired', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons and interneurons are closely apposed (presumably synapsed upon) by corticospinal tract (CST) axons. Sprouting of the thoracic CST rostral to lumbar @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) substantially increases the incidence of these appositions. To test our hypothesis that these additional synapses would increase CST control of sympathetic activity after @entity1566 , we measured the effects of electrical stimulation of the CST on renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and arterial pressure (AP) in @entity4486 -anesthetized @entity35 with either chronically intact or chronically lesioned spinal cords. Stimuli were delivered to the CST at intensities between 25-150 muA and frequencies between 25 and 75 Hz. Stimulation of the CST at the midcervical level decreased RSNA and AP. These decreases were not mediated by direct projections of the CST to the thoracic spinal cord because we could still elicit them by midcervical stimulation after acute lesions of the CST at caudal cervical levels. In contrast, caudal thoracic CST stimulation increased RSNA and AP. Neither the responses to cervical nor thoracic stimulation were affected by chronic lumbar @entity1566 . These data show that the CST mediates decreases in RSNA via a cervical spinal system but excites spinal sympathetic neurons at caudal thoracic levels. Because @entity1566 affected responses evoked from neither the cervical nor thoracic CST, we conclude that lesion-induced or regeneration-induced formation of new synapses between the CST and sympathetic neurons may not affect cardiovascular regulation.

title: Effects of corticospinal tract stimulation on renal sympathetic nerve activity in XXXX with intact and chronically lesioned spinal cords.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'SCI', 'chronic lumber spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Measurement of exhaled @entity842 levels (eNO) from @entity748 @entity1 is a noninvasive marker of airway @entity32 in both adults and @entity1 and has been used as an outpatient measure of @entity565 control. We examined eNO in @entity697 and how it is affected by treatment in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) setting. Both eNO and peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate were measured at arrival and before discharge for adult @entity748 subjects (n = 28) treated for acute exacerbations in the @entity341 at Kings County Hospital Center during spring and fall pollen seasons. Total serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE), peripheral blood leukocyte numbers, and @entity286 smoking history were determined. Routine @entity341 treatment included oral @entity229 at 60 mg and inhalation of nebulized @entity3045 and @entity13265 . Both PEF (p = 0.0005) and eNO (p < 0.0001) increased after treatment of subjects. Initial eNO was associated with age (p = 0.0004), absolute eosinophil count (p = 0.003), Asthma Control Test (p = 0.004), and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (p = 0.04). Change in pre- versus posttreatment eNO (/\eNO) was associated with change in PEF (/\PEF; p < 0.0001). Initial PEF was associated with @entity26 saturation (p < 0.0001). /\PEF was associated with serum IgE levels. @entity341 visit duration was associated with initial PEF (p = 0.0004), /\eNO (p = 0.004), and number of @entity3045 treatments (p = 0.001). These associations remained significant in multivariate models that controlled for demographic factors, @entity565 control, smoking, and measures of @entity32 and ventilation. eNO levels increase after @entity341 treatment of @entity697 in adults. Improved ventilation may allow for more accurate measurement of NO produced in inflamed airways.

title: Emergency department treatment of adults with XXXX : effect on exhaled @entity842 levels.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma exacerbations']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute asthma exacerbations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fistulotomy plus primary sphincteroplasty for @entity9292 is regarded with scepticism, mainly because of the risk of @entity86 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and effectiveness of this technique in medium-term follow up and to identify potential predictive factors of success and postoperative continence impairment. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care university hospital in Italy. @entity1 : A total of 72 @entity1 with complex anal @entity292 of cryptoglandular origin underwent fistulotomy and end-to-end primary sphincteroplasty; @entity1 were followed up at 1 week, 1 and 3 months, 1 year, and were invited to participate in a recent follow-up session. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success regarding healing of the @entity292 was assessed with 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasound and clinical evaluation. Continence status was evaluated using the Cleveland Clinic @entity1241 score and by @entity1 report of post-defecation soiling. RESULTS: Of the 72 @entity1 , 12 (16.7%) had recurrent fistulas and 29 @entity1 (40.3%) had undergone seton drainage before definitive surgery. At a mean follow-up of 29.4 (SD, 23.7; range, 6-91 months, the success rate of treatment was 95.8% (69 @entity1 ). Fistula recurrence was observed in 3 @entity1 at a mean of 17.3 (SD, 10.3; range, 6-26) months of follow-up. Cleveland Clinic @entity1241 score did not change significantly (p = 0.16). Eight @entity1 (11.6% of those with no baseline @entity322 ) reported de novo postdefecation soiling. None of the investigated factors was a significant predictor of success. @entity1 with recurrent @entity292 after previous @entity292 surgery had a 5-fold increased probability of having impaired continence (relative risk = 5.00, 95% CI, 1.45-17.27, p = 0.02). LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by potential single-institution bias, lack of anorectal manometry, and lack of quality of life assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Fistulotomy with end-to-end primary sphincteroplasty can be considered to be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity9292 , with low morbidity, a high rate of success even at long-term follow-up, and a very low rate of postoperative major @entity1241 , although minor impairment of continence (postdefecation soiling) may occur. Caution should be used in selecting @entity1 with a history of recurrent @entity292 and @entity1241 .

title: Fistulotomy with end-to-end primary sphincteroplasty for anal XXXX : results from a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['complex anal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This case series intends to highlight the association between decreased linear growth velocity and @entity774 in @entity1 receiving inhaled @entity288 for @entity565 . A potential treatment option is also discussed. Adrenal suppression secondary to inhaled @entity288 has previously been reported and is often underrecognized. A decrease in linear height velocity has also been associated with inhaled @entity288 . However, a decrease in height velocity has not been shown to predict @entity774 . CASE STUDY: This case series of 15 @entity1 receiving inhaled @entity288 for control of @entity565 were noted to have a decrease in linear growth velocity ultimately associated with @entity774 . A change in inhaled corticosteroid to @entity10924 led to recovery of adrenal function without impacting @entity565 control. RESULTS: Chart review from a pediatric pulmonology clinic was performed. Growth parameters and laboratory studies were recorded and analyzed. A mean decrease in height standard deviation score in the year prior to diagnosis of @entity774 was -0.59, -0.11, and -0.18, in pre-puberty, peri-puberty, and post-puberty @entity1 , respectively. After @entity10924 therapy was initiated, a mean change in height standard deviation score of +0.40, +0.13, and -0.13, was noted for pre-puberty, peri-puberty, and post-puberty @entity1 , respectively. A change in growth velocity of +5.3  cm/yr, +2.1  cm/yr, and -1.9  cm/yr, was noted for pre-puberty, peri-puberty, and post-puberty @entity1 , respectively, after starting @entity10924 . CONCLUSIONS: Height velocity should be monitored closely during routine @entity565 visits to identify potential @entity774 associated with inhaled @entity288 use. @entity10924 is a good option for @entity565 treatment that allows for adrenal recovery.

title: Inhaled corticosteroid related XXXX detected by poor growth and reversed with @entity10924 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10924 :: ('MESH:C120481', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclesonide', 'Ciclesonide']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal suppression']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal suppression']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate white matter diffusivity abnormalities in @entity9718 ( @entity9718 ) @entity1 in relation with electrophysiological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging were performed on four @entity9718 @entity1 and 15 age-matched healthy subjects. Voxel-wise statistical analysis of fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity maps were carried out using tract-based spatial statistics, and significantly affected voxels were labeled using a @entity1 @entity62 . Conventional nerve conduction studies, cortical and spinal-root motor evoked potentials, and somatosensory evoked potentials were examined in three @entity1 . RESULTS: On MRI, all @entity1 had a thin corpus callosum with mild T2 hyperintensity in the periventricular white matter. Compared to control subjects, we detected widespread significant decreases in fractional anisotropy, and increases in axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity in structures including in the corpus callosum, motor, and non-motor white matter tracts in @entity9718 @entity1 . Several different regions showed significant reduction in axial diffusivity. Electrophysiological studies revealed prolonged central motor conduction times and reduced cortical motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials amplitudes in all @entity1 . One @entity1 had low sural sensory nerve action potential suggestive of @entity16 . CONCLUSION: Tract-based spatial statistics of diffusion tensor imaging revealed a more widespread involvement of white matter in @entity9718 @entity1 than has previously been detected by conventional MRI. This may explain the broad spectrum of electrophysiological and @entity16 that complicate @entity9718 in these @entity1 .

title: Tract-based spatial statistics of diffusion tensor imaging in XXXX reveals widespread white matter changes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum', 'hereditary spastic paraplegia', 'HSP-TCC']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['axonal neuropathy', 'neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter atlas']

answer: @entity9718 :: (MESH:D015419,Disease) :: ['hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum']


abstract: @entity409 anticipates the development of transplant @entity453 (TxCAD) observed more than 1 year after transplantation (HTx). We investigated whether in @entity1 early after HTx myocardial inducible and constitutive @entity842 synthases (iNOS; @entity9554 ) are expressed and cardiac @entity842 production occurs. Moreover, a possible relationship to alterations in endothelium dependent and independent vasomotor function was assessed. Forty-two transplant recipients were studied 37 +/- 5 days after HTx. Microvascular @entity301 ( @entity301 ) was tested endothelium dependent ( @entity934 ; 30 microg/min x 5 min/i.c.) and independent ( @entity859 ; 160 microg/min x 5 min/i.c.) by Doppler flow wire. Flow velocity increase by a factor greater than 2 was considered normal. Quantitative coronary angiography was used to assess epicardial vasomotor function in response to the same stimuli. Myocardial iNOS and @entity9554 gene expression were detected by semiquantitative reversed transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Plasma @entity3542 levels (microM) were measured by spectrophotometry. Cytokines ( @entity310 , @entity650 ; pg/ml) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In 26.1% of @entity1 (n = 11; group A) an impaired endothelium dependent @entity301 (1.65 +/- 0.23 increase) was observed; in 73.9% (n = 31, group B) a normal endothelium dependent @entity301 (3.0 +/- 0.7 increase; P = 0.003) was observed. Myocardial iNOS and @entity9554 gene expression did not differ between the two groups. Transcardiac cytokine production was noted in 58.8% of @entity1 for @entity650 and in 53.3% for @entity310 . Coronary sinus (CS) levels of @entity310 , @entity650 and @entity3542 were higher in group A. A significant increase in @entity3542 production was found only in @entity1 with impaired endothelium dependent @entity301 (aorta: 43.9 +/- 3.7 vs CS: 52.8 +/- 5.6, P = 0.05), suggesting transcardiac @entity842 production. In addition, CS @entity3542 levels correlated with CS @entity310 levels in @entity1 with impaired @entity301 (r = 0.44, P = 0.003). Microvascular endothelium dependent @entity301 is impaired in 26% of @entity1 early after HTx. Activation of cytokines and the NO pathway seem to be involved in this @entity409 The association between cardiac @entity842 production and @entity310 in this group indicates a chronic high immunologic process, which may represent an early and important target for therapy and prevention of TxCAD.

title: An association between microvascular @entity409 , transcardiac XXXX production and pro-inflammatory cytokines after heart transplantation in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary flow velocity reserve', 'CFVR']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction', 'vasomotor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The pathophysiology of @entity130 was examined by cooling a hind leg of an anesthetized New Zealand white @entity95 . A flow probe and a thermocouple were placed in the leg to be cooled to monitor the blood flow and tissue temperature. After baseline measurements, the leg was cooled with a freezing mixture up to 0 degrees C, which was followed by rewarming. The other leg served as control. In the experimental group, liposome-bound @entity224 dismutase and @entity7525 were infused through the femoral vein 15 minutes prior to putting the freezing mixture on the leg. @entity3785 was injected through the femoral vein at the end of some experiments to assay @entity6845 radical ( @entity2145 ). Our results demonstrated @entity551 in cold-exposed leg, indicating development of @entity63 . Creatine kinase and lactage dehydrogenase were increased during rewarming in conjunction with @entity3787 radical formation, phospholipid breakdown, and lipid peroxidation. Treatment with @entity224 dismutase and @entity7525 reduced @entity2145 formation, prevented phospholipid degradation, and decreased @entity908 kinase, @entity880 dehydrogenase, and @entity1234 formation. These results indicate that rewarming of cooled tissue is associated with "rewarming injury" similar to " @entity5721 ", and that @entity26 -derived free radicals play a significant role in the pathophysiology of such injury.

title: Reduction of @entity130 by XXXX dismutase and @entity7525 .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['Salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of local blood flow']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity6845 :: ('CHEBI:43176', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxy']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cold injury']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is still the leading cause of @entity204 and disability worldwide despite the availability of well-established and effective preventive options. Accurate perception of a @entity1 's risk by both the @entity1 and the doctors is important as this is one of the components that determine health-related behavior. Doctors tend to not use cardiovascular (CV) risk calculators and underestimate the absolute CV risk of their @entity1 . @entity1 show optimistic bias when considering their own risk and consistently underestimate it. Poor @entity1 health literacy and numeracy must be considered when thinking about this problem. @entity1 must possess a reasonably high level of understanding of numerical processes when doctors discuss risk, a level that is not possessed by large numbers of the population. In order to overcome this barrier, doctors need to utilize various tools including the appropriate use of visual aids to accurately communicate risk with their @entity1 . Any intervention has been shown to be better than nothing in improving health understanding. The simple process of repeatedly conveying risk information to a @entity1 has been shown to improve accuracy of risk perception. Doctors need to take responsibility for the accurate assessment and effective communication of CV risk in their @entity1 in order to improve @entity1 uptake of cardioprotective lifestyle choices and preventive medications.

title: Perceptions of risk: understanding XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity63 /reperfusion injury caused by @entity1167 is still a major challenge in @entity1 with reduced left ventricular function. We investigated the effect of chronic versus acute administration of the selective @entity11081 antagonist (ERA) TBC-3214Na during @entity63 /reperfusion in failing hearts. METHODS: Male @entity35 underwent coronary ligation. Three days after @entity583 ( @entity583 ), 19 randomly assigned animals (ERA chronic) were administered TBC-3214Na continuously with their drinking water, 29 @entity583 @entity35 received placebo, and 3 @entity35 died during the observation period. Six weeks after @entity1188 , hearts were evaluated in a blood-perfused working heart model during 60 minutes of @entity63 and 30 minutes of reperfusion. In 14 @entity583 @entity35 , TBC-3214Na (ERA acute) was added to the cardioplegic solution during @entity63 . Thirteen @entity583 @entity35 served as control. RESULTS: At a similar @entity1188 size, postischemic recovery of cardiac output (ERA chronic: 91% +/- 10%, ERA acute: 86% +/- 11% vs control: 52% +/- 15%; P < .05) and external heart work (ERA chronic: 90% +/- 10%, ERA acute: 85% +/- 13% vs control: 51% +/- 17%; P < .05) was significantly enhanced in both TBC-3214Na-treated groups whereas recovery of coronary flow was only improved in ERA acute @entity35 (ERA acute: 121% +/- 23% vs ERA chronic: 75% +/- 13%; control: 64% +/- 15%; P < .05). Blood gas measurements showed enhanced myocardial @entity26 delivery and consumption with acute TBC-3214Na therapy. Additionally, high-energy @entity6546 ( @entity1734 ) were significantly higher and transmission electron microscopy revealed less ultrastructural damage under acute TBC-3214Na administration. CONCLUSION: Acute @entity11081 blockade is superior to chronic blockade in attenuating @entity63 /reperfusion injury in failing hearts. Therefore, acute @entity11081 blockade might be an interesting option for @entity1 with @entity712 undergoing cardiac surgery.

title: Improved myocardial protection in the failing heart by selective XXXX blockade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity11081 :: (24326(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['endothelin-A receptor']


abstract: Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy between the use of @entity291 bone graft material and PRF mixture (test group) and @entity291 bone graft material and collagen membrane combination (control group) in two stage maxillary sinus augmentation. According to specific inclusion/exclusion criteria @entity1 treated between 2008 and 2012 were selected. Panoramic radiographs were used for radiological assessments. To evaluate the relationship between sinus-graft height and each implant, the bone level (BL) was divided by implant length (IL). To evaluate the change in the height of grafted sinus, the grafted sinus floor above the lowest part of the original sinus height ( @entity2197 ) was divided by the original sinus height (OSH). Samples taken during implant surgery were used for histologic and histomorphometric analyses. 25 @entity1 , 32 augmentation surgeries and 66 one-staged implants were included to the study. No @entity9326 was observed in both groups. There were no statistical differences according to new bone formation (p=0.61) and biomaterial remnant (p=0.87). During the evaluation period test group showed statistically less change in the BL/IL ratio (p=0.022). The difference of @entity2197 /OSH ratio was found to be insignificant between groups (p=0.093). It was observed that grafted sinus covered the implant apex and sinus floor was above the original sinus height in both groups. It may be concluded from this study that both combinations can be successfully used for sinus augmentation. Further studies evaluating different graft materials and PRF combinations in the early phases of healing are beneficial.

title: Sinus augmentation with platelet-rich fibrin in combination with XXXX bone graft versus @entity291 bone graft in combination with collagen membrane.

entities_list: @entity9326 :: ('MESH:D006313', 'Disease') :: ['implant loss or complication']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: In @entity1 terms, resilience is an ability to cope with stress and varies with context, time, age, gender, and cultural origin. Resilience shifts the focus of psychological investigation onto increasing the positive rather than reducing the negative. Inquiry into resilience has evolved from descriptions of resilient qualities, to discovery of the process to attain resilience, to uncovering the motivation to reintegrate in a resilient manner. Much of the research on resilience has focused on @entity1 in settings such as family violence, extreme poverty, war, and natural disasters. A coherent pattern of characteristics associated with successful adaptation has emerged. Salient characteristics include commitment, dynamism, humor in the face of adversity, patience, optimism, faith, and altruism. As such, resilience may represent an important target of treatment in @entity148 , @entity308 , and stress reactions. Resilience can be quantified, but available measures need to be validated transculturally. There exist many possible determinants of resilience, including neurobiologic, genetic, temperament, and environmental influences. Resilience is modifiable on individual and cultural levels. @entity1005 is an example of a serious disorder associated with impaired stress coping that can improve with treatment.

title: Recent advances in the understanding and treatment of XXXX . Resilience: determinants, measurement, and treatment responsiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2176 has only rarely been implicated as a cause of @entity882 , and there is only limited evidence that this complication is caused by immune mechanisms. We conducted a study to determine whether @entity882 is caused by @entity2176 -dependent antibodies in @entity1 being treated with @entity2176 . METHODS: We identified and characterized @entity2176 -dependent, platelet-reactive antibodies in @entity1 who had been referred for testing during a 5-year period because of a clinical suspicion of @entity2176 -induced @entity882 . We obtained clinical information about the @entity1 from their referring physicians. RESULTS: Drug-dependent, platelet-reactive antibodies of the IgG class, the IgM class, or both were identified in 34 @entity1 , and clinical follow-up information was obtained from 29 of these @entity1 . The mean nadir platelet count in these @entity1 was 13,600 per cubic millimeter, and severe @entity548 occurred in 10 @entity1 (34%). Platelet levels returned to baseline in all 26 surviving @entity1 after @entity2176 was stopped. In 15 @entity1 , the drug was continued for 1 to 14 days while other possible causes of @entity882 were investigated. @entity2176 -dependent antibodies were not found in 25 @entity1 who had been given @entity2176 and in whom @entity882 did not develop. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity548 can occur in @entity1 with @entity2176 -induced @entity3039 . The detection of @entity2176 -dependent antiplatelet antibodies in @entity1 receiving the antibiotic in whom @entity882 develops, and the absence of antibodies in @entity1 given the drug in whom platelet counts remain stable, indicate that these antibodies are the cause of the @entity882 .

title: @entity2176 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: M  ller cells play a critical role in @entity5995 metabolism and are among the first cells to demonstrate metabolic changes in retinal stress or disease. The timing, extent, regulation, and impacts of these changes are not yet known. We evaluated metabolic phenotypes of M  ller cells in the degenerating retina. Retinas harvested from @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and rhodopsin Tg @entity38334 @entity95 were fixed in mixed @entity3125 and resin embedded for computational molecular phenotyping (CMP). CMP facilitates small molecule fingerprinting of every cell in the retina, allowing evaluation of metabolite levels in single cells. CMP revealed signature variations in metabolite levels across M  ller cells from TgP347L retina. In brief, neighboring M  ller cells demonstrated variability in @entity2226 , @entity3264 , @entity3264 , @entity2041 , @entity3264 synthetase (GS), and CRALBP. This variability showed no correlation across metabolites, implying the changes are functionally chaotic rather than simply heterogeneous. The inability of any clustering algorithm to classify M  ller cell as a single class in the TgP347L retina is a formal proof of metabolic variability in the present in degenerating retina. Although @entity2000 is certainly the trigger, M  ller cell metabolic alterations are not a coherent response to the microenvironment. And while GS is believed to be the primary enzyme responsible for the conversion of @entity3264 to @entity3264 in the retina, alternative pathways appear to be unmasked in degenerating retina. Somehow, long term remodeling involves loss of M  ller cell coordination and identity, which has negative implications for therapeutic interventions that target neurons alone.

title: M  ller cell metabolic chaos during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine', 'glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

answer: @entity2000 :: (MESH:D012162,Disease) :: ['retinal degeneration']


abstract: Graft failure rates following kidney transplant is disproportionately higher in @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ) renal transplant recipients. The aim of our study was to measure the impact of @entity6 and other known confounding risk factors on this disparity. This was a long-term cohort study of adult kidney transplant recipients between 2000 and 2008 comparing @entity3004 transplant recipients to White recipients. 987 @entity1 were included and @entity1 were followed for up to 12 years post-transplant. Univariate analysis demonstrated @entity3004 recipients were more likely to have @entity6 (35% vs 23%, P<.001), @entity101 (97% vs 94%, P=.029), human leukocyte antigen mismatches (4 vs 3, P<.001), and receiving dialysis for a longer period prior to transplant (3.9 vs 2.0 yrs, P<.001). @entity3004 @entity1 were also less likely to receive a living donor transplant (7% vs 31%, P<.001). Multivariable modeling established both @entity3004 ethnicity (HR 1.32 [95% CI 1.04-1.68]) and pre-existing @entity6 (1.58 [95% CI 1.25-2.00]) as important predictors of graft failure. @entity6 was a significant modifier on the influence of @entity3004 ethnicity as a risk factor for graft loss (19% HR reduction); tight glycemic control, which was less common in @entity3004 recipients (35% vs 51%, P=.013), additionally attenuated the ethnic disparities seen in graft loss (28% risk reduction). In the final fully adjusted model, which included sociodemographic, immunologic, and @entity65 as variables, the influence of @entity3004 ethnicity on graft failure was essentially nullified (HR 1.09 [.81-1.48]). In conclusion, @entity3004 ethnicity continues to be an important risk factor for graft loss, which can be significantly attenuated by controlling for pre-existing @entity6 , glycemic control, and other transplant and cardiovascular variables.

title: The impact of XXXX on ethnic disparities seen in kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['African American', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk factor']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Between January 1997 and February 2005, a total of 106 @entity1 with @entity150 were treated with transurethral resection of @entity150 followed by intravesical instillation of Tokyo 172 strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) once a week for six weeks. The endpoints were @entity5 recurrence, @entity5 progression, and disease-specific survival. At a median follow-up of 27 months (range 2 to 105 months), 67 @entity1 (63.2%) were recurrence-free and superficial recurrence including disease progressed with local invasion was noted in 39 @entity1 (36.8%). The non-recurrence rate at one and three years were 75.9 and 54.6%. Twenty-four @entity1 received an additional course of BCG instillation, and 14 (58.3%) showed no further recurrence. Thus, the overall success rate of 2 courses of BCG instillation was 76.4% (81 of 106 @entity1 ). Nine @entity1 (8.5%) had progression and died of @entity5 . There was no significant differernce in recurrence rate among @entity5 characteristics. However, there was a significant differernce in survival rate between non-invasive and invasive @entity5 shape (p = 0.0189). Univariate analysis (Cox's proportional hazard model) demonstrated that @entity5 shape was associated with survival (p = 0.0486). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that gender and @entity5 shape were associated with survival (p = 0.0183, 0.025). Adverse effects included @entity1494 in 16 @entity1 (15.1%), gross @entity811 in 15 (14.2%), @entity221 in 24 (22.6%), @entity1494 in 1 (0.9%) and @entity401 in 1 (0.9%). @entity401 improved after pulse @entity134 therapy. BCG was found to be very useful for the treatment of @entity150 . Intravesical BCG instillation was effective for first recurrent @entity150 because of the low recurrence rate after a second instillation of BCG.

title: [Effect of prophylactic intravesical instillation of BCG for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['contracted bladder', 'bladder irritability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['superficial bladder cancer', 'bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis', 'Interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['superficial bladder cancer']


abstract: Studies in 55 @entity1 with benign essential @entity101 showed that the beta-blockers @entity37454 (22 @entity1 ) and @entity1169 (33 @entity1 ) at a dose ratio of 1:4, possess comparable antihypertensive efficacy despite different properties regarding intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Beta-blocker-monotherapy normalized blood pressure ( less than 140/90 mm Hg) in one fourth of the @entity1 . Body weight and plasma and blood volumes remained unchanged during beta-blockade of four to six weeks duration, the mean plasma @entity972 was slightly increased. The inhibition of plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) was more pronounced with @entity1169 (-69%) than with @entity37454 (-47%). Wirth both beta-blockers decreases in blood pressure correlated inversely with pre-treatment PRA (p less than 0.05). @entity1169 -induced changes in blood pressure correlated also with associated changes in PRA (p less than 0.005); in contrast, no such relationship was observed with @entity37454 . The blood pressure effects of @entity37454 , however, correlated significantly with changes in urinary @entity1063 excretion (r=0.41; p less than 0.05). @entity1 sub-groups with low, normal or high pre-treatment PRA in the average showed a comparable pattern of pre-treatment @entity1063 excretion and @entity1 with normal @entity916 levels exreted more adrenaline than those with low @entity916 levels (p less than 0.001). These data are consistent with the concept that in untreated essential @entity101 PRA may be an index of adrenergic activiity, the latter representing an important determinant of blood pressure response to beta-blockade. The blood pressure lowering effects of @entity37454 in benign essential @entity101 seem to be independent of @entity916 and may be related, at least partly, to diminished free peripheral @entity1063 levels.

title: [Interrelations between blood pressure, blood volume, plasma @entity916 and urinary catecholamines during beta-blockade in essential XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity37454 :: ('MESH:C010831', 'Chemical') :: ['bufuralol']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Without intervention after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), paralyzed skeletal muscles undergo myofiber @entity194 and slow-to-fast myofiber type transformations. We hypothesized that chronic @entity508 -associated neuromuscular activity after @entity1566 would promote recovery from such deleterious changes. We examined segmental tail muscles of chronic spinal @entity35 with long-standing tail @entity508 (7 mo after sacral spinal cord transection; older chronic spinals), chronic spinal @entity35 that experienced less @entity508 early after injury (young chronic spinals), and @entity35 without @entity508 after transection and bilateral deafferentation (spinal isolated). These were compared with tail muscles of age-matched normal @entity35 . Using immunohistochemistry, we observed myofiber distributions of 15.9 +/- 3.5% type I, 18.7 +/- 10.7% type IIA, 60.8 +/- 12.6% type IID(X), and 2.3 +/- 1.3% type IIB (means +/- SD) in young normals, which were not different in older normals. Young chronic spinals demonstrated transformations toward faster myofiber types with @entity393 and increased type IID(X) paralleled by @entity194 of all myofiber types compared with young normals. Spinal isolated @entity35 also demonstrated @entity393 myofiber proportions and increased type II myofiber proportions, and severe myofiber @entity194 . After 4 mo of complete @entity508 (older chronic spinals), myofiber type transformations were reversed, with no significant differences in type I, IIA, IID(X), or IIB proportions compared with age-matched normals. Moreover, after this prolonged @entity508 , type I, IIA, and IIB myofibers recovered from @entity194 , and type IID(X) myofibers partially recovered. Our results indicate that early after transection or after long-term spinal isolation, relatively inactive tail myofibers @entity194 and transform toward faster myofiber types. However, long-term @entity508 apparently produces neuromuscular activity that promotes recovery of myofiber types and myofiber sizes.

title: Spastic tail muscles recover from myofiber @entity194 and myosin heavy chain transformations in chronic spinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased type I']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity7855 increases ocular blood flow and accelerates the rate of anterior chamber refilling after paracentesis. The latter effect could have resulted from a reduction in outflow facility or from an increase in @entity7462 ( @entity7462 ) production. In this study, we used scanning ocular fluorophotometry to examine the effects of @entity7855 on @entity7462 turnover, and thus, @entity7462 production in eyes of live normal @entity95 . For this, the rate of @entity450 ( @entity450 ) was quantified with a commercially available fluorophotometer that measured the rate of @entity941 clearance from the anterior segment, which predominantly occurs via the trabecular meshwork. After    2 h of control scans to determine the baseline rate of @entity450 , the @entity95 were fed 33 mg of @entity7855 and allowed    45 min for the drug to enter the systemic circulation. Thereafter, fluorescence scans were retaken for an additional 90-120 min. @entity7855 ingestion increased @entity450 by about 36%, from 2.31  L/min to 3.14  L/min (P < 0.001, as two-tailed paired data, n = 20 eyes). This observation indicates that @entity7855 , which is a phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor currently marketed as a vasodilator (e.g., Viagra, Revatio), stimulates @entity450 in @entity95 . Our results seem consistent with reports indicating that the drug dilates intraocular arteries and augments intraocular vascular flow. These physiological responses to the agent apparently led to increased fluid entry into the anterior chamber. As such, the drug might have utility in @entity1 with @entity8814 resulting from insufficient @entity7462 formation.

title: @entity7855 stimulates @entity7462 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor flow', 'AHF']

entities_list: @entity8814 :: ('MESH:D015814', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypotony']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'sildenafil citrate', 'Sildenafil', 'Sildenafil citrate']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the prevalence of @entity28 and associated chronic conditions among U.S. adults, @entity14962 are an increasingly popular approach to promoting @entity353 . PURPOSE: The goal of the study was to assess overweight and @entity28 adults' beliefs about the helpfulness of insurance coverage of @entity353 -related benefits, their willingness to pay for such benefits, and whether these opinions differ by individuals' weight or health insurance type. METHODS: A national survey was fielded in 2012 among non-pregnant, overweight, and @entity28 adults who had seen a primary care provider in the past year (n=600). Descriptive statistics summarized beliefs about which @entity353 -related benefits would be helpful, willingness to pay for such benefits, and agreement about whether health insurers should be able to charge more to @entity28 individuals. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to determine whether beliefs differed by weight category or health insurance type. Analyses were conducted in July 2012. RESULTS: The majority (83%) of respondents cited a specific benefit as helpful. Those with private health insurance had a higher probability (89%, 95% CI=86%, 93%) of endorsing any benefit as helpful relative to those with other types of health insurance. Being @entity28 relative to overweight was associated with greater support (57% vs 39%, p<0.05) for preventing health insurers from charging higher premiums to @entity28 individuals. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of overweight adults, a large proportion endorsed the value of @entity353 -related benefits offered by health plans. However, only about one third were willing to pay extra for them, and half disagreed with the notion that health plans should charge more to @entity28 individuals. Given evidence of their effectiveness, @entity14962 should be offered to all individuals.

title: Insurance coverage for XXXX : overweight adults' views.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity14962 :: ('MESH:C536693', 'Disease') :: ['wellness benefits']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical presentation and outcome of @entity1 treated in the @entity2613 or toxicology clinic for suspected @entity42389 . METHODS: We assembled a retrospective case of @entity1 at a southeastern US university hospital. Our study group comprised 111 @entity1 with suspected @entity42389 treated during a 30-month period. Our main outcome measures were the need for skin grafting and the development of other complications. RESULTS: The mean age of our subjects was 34 +/- 17 years. Thirteen @entity1 (12%) brought the spider to the hospital, 22 (20%) saw a spider at the time of the bite, and an exclusively clinical diagnosis was made in the remaining 76 (68%). Most wounds (59%) involved the leg. At the time of presentation, 81% had central discoloration and 37% @entity39 . Sixteen @entity1 (14%) were systemically ill, and 6 (5%) were admitted to the hospital. Most (86%) were treated with antibiotics. @entity3761 was infrequently used (9%) and had usually been prescribed before the @entity1 's presentation to our @entity2613 . Only three @entity1 (3%; 95% confidence interval, 1% to 8%) required grafting. Mild @entity5714 developed in one @entity1 , and another had mild @entity2142 and a mild @entity1003 ; neither @entity1 was taking @entity3761 . No @entity204 or serious complications occurred in our study group. CONCLUSION: In our series, long-term outcome after @entity42389 was good. Serious complications were rare, as was the need for skin grafting. Because the vast majority of bites heal with supportive care alone, aggressive medical therapy does not appear warranted.

title: Clinical presentation and outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3761 :: ('MESH:D003622', 'Chemical') :: ['dapsone', 'Dapsone']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity42389 :: ('MESH:D001098', 'Disease') :: ['brown recluse spider bite', 'brown recluse spider bites']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity42389 :: (MESH:D001098,Disease) :: ['brown recluse spider bite']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare lipoprotein components associated with ischaemic and @entity548 by age and gender in the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk (AMORIS) Study (n=148 600). DESIGN: Prospective follow-up study (11.8, range 7-17 years) of fatal and nonfatal ischaemic and @entity548 through linkage with Swedish hospital discharge and mortality registers. SETTING: Measurements of lipoprotein components from health check-ups in the larger Stockholm area. RESULTS: @entity64 was more common than @entity548 (5 :1), but case fatality was higher in @entity548 . An elevated @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio and @entity1674 , non-HDL @entity165 , low HDL @entity165 , and the total @entity165 to high-density @entity165 (TC/HDL-C) ratio were associated with increased incidence of nonfatal and fatal @entity64 as well as all cerebrovascular events (n=7480) in both genders. The associations were somewhat stronger for nonfatal than fatal events. In @entity64 the @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio was a stronger predictor than the TC/HDL-C ratio in all subjects, in those below 65 years of age and in those with LDL-C below 3 mmol L(-1). @entity548 was not associated with elevated atherogenic lipoproteins except for increased risk of fatal @entity548 in @entity1 with a high @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidaemia is associated with an increased risk of @entity64 but few relations were seen in @entity548 . Use of the @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio as a marker of dyslipidaemia is at least as efficient as conventional lipids, for the identification of subjects at increased risk of @entity64 , especially @entity64 . Practical advantages, fasting is not needed, speak in favour of using @entity755 and @entity1675 in @entity64 risk prediction.

title: Relationships between lipoprotein components and risk of ischaemic and XXXX in the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk study (AMORIS).

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'Ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhagic stroke', 'haemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']


abstract: The current study was devised to evaluate the therapeutic potential of extended surgery for improving survival in undifferentiated @entity259 (UTC). An institutional retrospective survival analysis (July 1994 to December 1998) of 30 @entity1 who underwent surgery for UTC with locally curative intent was done. Median and 1-year survival was 4 months and 37%, respectively. Primary @entity1 were older (70 vs. 59 years; p = 0.026) and deceased earlier (median survival 4 vs. 20 months; p = 0.027, log-rank test) than their reoperative counterparts, suggesting a referral bias toward younger @entity1 . Survival analysis was restricted to primary pT4 UTC, leaving 18 @entity1 . On univariate analysis, pN and M category, degree of resection (R2 versus R0/1 and radiotherapy (0-30 Gy versus >30 Gy) were identified as parameters suitable for further testing. On multivariate analysis, @entity3121 was a significant prognosticator of decreased survival (RR = 5.9; p = 0.043), followed by R2 (RR = 4.1, p = 0.088) and M1 (RR = 3.6; p = 0.089). Because of low @entity1 numbers after stratification for radiotherapy, only pN and degree of resection were analyzed on subsequent multivariate analysis. In the incomplete radiotherapy stratum, neither of the two parameters affected survival, whereas R2 and @entity3121 limited survival in the complete radiotherapy stratum. In primary pT4 UTC, a subset of pN0 @entity1 with R0/1 resections and radiotherapy greater than 30 Gy seemed to benefit from extended surgery. Because @entity3121 and R2 @entity1 with radiotherapy of 30 Gy or less comprised most UTC @entity1 , only 1-year, but not median, survival improved compared to literature controls.

title: Extended surgery and early postoperative radiotherapy for undifferentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules expressed in all eukaryotic cells, which play essential roles in a wide range of vital regulatory processes, including differentiation, proliferation and transformation. In @entity1 cells, seven 14-3-3 isoforms (b, y,   ,   ,   /  ,    and   ) have been identified, and each of these seems to have distinct tissue localizations and isoform-specific functions. 14-3-3b and 14-3-3   are two important members of the 14-3-3 family. AIM: To explore the role of 14-3-3b and 14-3-3   in normal skin and @entity1569 ( @entity1569 ) skin. METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry and western blotting, we measured expression of 14-3-3b and 14-3-3   in 30 @entity75 and 15 normal skin samples. The average optical density (OD) of immunostaining and the relative grey scale of immunoblotting for 4-3-3b and 14-3-3   were analysed by the t-test. RESULTS: The average OD of immunostaining for 14-3-3b and 14-3-3   was 0.17      0.00 and 0.24      0.01, respectively, in @entity75 , which was significantly lower than in normal controls (0.22      0.01 and 0.37      0.02, respectively; P  <  0.01 for both). There was also a significant difference in the relative grey scale of 14-3-3b and 14-3-3   (0.52      0.03 and 1.44      0.06, respectively) in @entity75 compared with normal control tissue (3.32      0.15 and 2.76      0.11, respectively; P  <  0.01 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Expression of 14-3-3b and 14-3-3   were lower in @entity75 than in normal @entity1 skin tissue. We speculate that 14-3-3b and 14-3-3   may be involved in the regulation of normal skin function, thus decreased expression of 14-3-3b and 14-3-3   might precipitate the disturbance in proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes seen in @entity1569 .

title: Downregulation of 14-3-3b and 14-3-3   in lesions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PV lesions', 'psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris', 'PV']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis vulgaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the clinical potential of HSV-TK/GCV system in gene-therapy of @entity5 by using this system to treat @entity1 @entity2 A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. METHOD: The in vitro sensitivity levels of A549/TK (TK-tranfered A549) cells and wild type A549 cells to GCV were expressed as IC50 which was measured with @entity98 assay after treating both cells for 72 hrs. In vivo study, The @entity19 bearing A549/TK @entity5 or @entity5 were used as experimental models. All the animals were divided into 3 groups. Group 1, the animals bearing A549/TK @entity5 would be treated with GCV. Group 2, The animals bearing A549/TK @entity5 would be treated with saline. Group 3, The animals bearing @entity5 would be treated with GCV. When the @entity5 reached to 200-300 mg the animals would be injected intraperitoneally with GCV solution (100 mg.kg-1.day-1) or equal volume of saline for two weeks. In this period and the following four weeks, the @entity5 weights were measured and calculated with the experience formula once every three or four days. RESULT: In vitro study showed that the A549/TK cells were apparently killed in a 20 mumol/L GCV solution while the wild type A549 cells grew normally under the same condition. The IC50 of A549/TK cells in GCV solution was 0.5 mumol/L and that of A549 cells 500 mumol/L, showing a 1,000 fold difference (P < 0.01). In vivo experiment GCV had compelled the A549/TK @entity5 to lead to a regression of 92%, meanwhile the A549 @entity5 treated with GCV increased 3.9 times in weight in the first seventeen days of experiment. Group 2 @entity5 A549/TK @entity5 which were treated with saline, grew as well as group 3 did. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between group 1 and other groups. CONCLUSION: GCV could specifically and effectively kill the TK-transfered A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. This result suggested that the HSV-TK/GCV system may have a clinical potential for gene therapy of @entity2 .

title: [Experimental studies on @entity1 XXXX gene-therapy with HSV-TK/GCV system].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A549 tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4854 , insulin resistance and hyperleptinemia are some of the consequences of @entity28 . Gastric bypass for @entity5845 provides gastric restriction with decreased energy absorption. To confirm and extend previous reports in the literature, we evaluated the plasma @entity413 , serum insulin and leptin and insulin resistance of @entity1 preoperatively and 1 and 3 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). METHODS: We determined body mass index (BMI), plasma @entity413 ( @entity413 -oxidase method), serum leptin (immunoassay) and insulin (chemiluminescent immunometric assay), and insulin resistance index (IRI) by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) of 20 @entity1 with @entity5845 both preoperatively and 1 and 3 months after RYGBP. RESULTS: @entity1 showed a mean decrease in weight of 8 kg/month. Glycemia was above reference levels in 65% of the preoperative @entity1 but dropped significantly 1 month postoperatively, serum insulin and leptin levels and the HOMA index also decreasing significantly in the same period. The percentage of @entity1 with preoperative elevated serum insulin and leptin relative to reference levels decreased significantly following RYGBP. We also observed a weak but significant correlation between BMI and @entity413 , BMI and insulin, and leptin and insulin. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effects of bariatric surgery are already noticeable 1 month postoperatively, the reduction in insulin levels being more important for leptin reduction than decreased BMI. Leptin appeared to be subject to multifactorial control and showed a larger reduction than body weight.

title: Decrease in circulating XXXX , insulin and leptin levels and improvement in insulin resistance at 1 and 3 months after gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ongoing EORTC 22042-26042 trial evaluates the efficacy of high-dose radiotherapy (RT) in atypical/ @entity5 . The results of the Dummy Run (DR) and prospective Individual Case Review (ICR) were analyzed in this Quality Assurance (QA) study. MATERIAL/METHODS: Institutions were requested to submit a protocol compliant treatment plan for the DR and ICR, respectively. DR-plans (n=12) and ICR-plans (n=50) were uploaded to the Image-Guided Therapy QA Center of Advanced Technology Consortium server (http://atc.wustl.edu/) and were assessed prospectively. RESULTS: Major deviations were observed in 25% (n=3) of DR-plans while no minor deviations were observed. Major and minor deviations were observed in 22% (n=11) and 10% (n=5) of the ICR-plans, respectively. Eighteen% of ICRs could not be analyzed prospectively, as a result of corrupted or late data submission. CTV to @entity343 margins were respected in all cases. Deviations were negatively associated with the number of submitted cases per institution (p=0.0013), with a cutoff of 5 @entity1 per institutions. No association (p=0.12) was observed between DR and ICR results, suggesting that DR's results did not predict for an improved QA process in accrued @entity1313 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of protocol deviations were observed in this prospective QA study. The number of cases accrued per institution was a significant determinant for protocol deviation. These data suggest that successful DR is not a guarantee for protocol compliance for accrued @entity1 . Prospective ICRs should be performed to prevent protocol deviations.

title: Quality assurance of radiotherapy in the ongoing EORTC 22042-26042 trial for atypical and XXXX : results from the dummy runs and prospective individual case Reviews.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant meningioma']


abstract: @entity74 in cytochrome @entity9667 results in 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency. In the present study, a Japanese @entity1 with 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency underwent molecular analysis. The @entity1 presented with complete female genitalia with a 46,XY karyotype, absent pubertal development, and @entity101 . the exons and exon-intron boundaries of @entity9667 genetic region were amplified and sequenced. DNA sequencing revealed a compound heterozygous mutation. One allele showed a G to A transition corresponding to a premature termination codon at @entity2340 in codon 17 ( @entity44670 ). The other allele showed a G to T substitution at the fifth @entity377 from the splice donor site in intron 2 ( @entity44671 ). @entity44670 was found in one allele of the father, and @entity44671 was found in one allele of the mother. A previous report presented a @entity1 with 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency who was homozygous for @entity44670 . However, the present case is a novel @entity44671 mutation. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis using total @entity10731 isolated from the testes of the @entity1 revealed that an intron 2 donor site mutation caused abnormal splicing, such that exon 2 was spliced with intron 2. Skipping the exon alters the translational reading frame of exon 3 and introduces a premature termination codon. In semiquantitative analysis, the majority of the transcript for @entity44671 skips exon 2. The present findings indicate that in this @entity1 , 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency was caused by the compound heterozygous mutation of exon and splice site mutation in @entity9667 gene.

title: A new compound heterozygous mutation ( @entity44670 , XXXX ) in the @entity9667 gene causes 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency.

entities_list: @entity44670 :: ('p|SUB|W|17|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['W17X']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophane']

entities_list: @entity10731 :: ('CHEBI:33697', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['A genetic disorder']

answer: @entity44671 :: (c|SUB|G|436+5|T,DNAMutation) :: ['436 + 5G --> T']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment of acute @entity5327 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 with acute @entity5327 from June 2007 to November 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. All @entity1 were diagnosed with DSA and (or) CT and (or) surgery. In this group, there were 32 cases of acute occlusion of @entity63 (AOMI), 9 cases of @entity49 ( @entity49 ) and 1 case of @entity5327 . The @entity1 were treated using comprehensive treatment including early intervention treatment and application of the principle of damage control. The survival of all @entity1 was followed up for 6 months or more in outpatient. RESULTS: (1) Of the 32 AOMI cases, 4 cases healing by systemic anticoagulation; The 19 cases received interventional treatment, including 10 cases received simply interventional treatment, surgery after the failure of intervention in 5 cases, 3 @entity1 died without surgery and postoperative interventional treatment one cases were cured; Eight cases received surgery treatment; One case gave up. (2) Of the 9 @entity49 cases, 2 cases healing by systemic anticoagulation; The 6 cases received interventional treatment, including 1 cases received simply interventional treatment, surgery after the failure of intervention in 1 cases, 4 cases to consider intestinal @entity39 received interventional treatment again after surgery; One @entity1 died without treatment. (3) Eight cases received delay abdomen close treatment with the principle of damage control surgery. The overall mortality rate of 23.8% (10/42). Interventional treatment of 26 cases, 4 deaths, a mortality rate of 15.3%; The abdomen delayed close of 8 cases, 1 @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The results show that early diagnosis and treatment is critical to reduce AMI mortality. Comprehensive treatment of early intervention treatment and application of the principle of damage control can significantly reduce the mortality of AMI.

title: [Early diagnosis and treatment of acute mesentric XXXX for 42 cases in single center].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['meseteric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric venous thrombosis', 'SMVT']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia', 'mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: An @entity1066 was induced in the anterior wall of the antrum of @entity468 by local injection of @entity1543 solution. Carbonized microspheres, 15 +/- microns in diameter, labelled with 141Ce, 46Sc, and 85Sr, were used to measure blood flow in different regions and layers of the stomach wall. The radioactivity of a blood reference sample and of tissue samples was determined, and the blood flow was calculated for each tissue sample. The blood flow distribution was determined before, 1/2 h, and 1 h after an intravenous infusion of @entity3352 in a dose of 3 mg/kg. Two groups of anaesthetized animals were used: animals with a 24-h gastric @entity1066 and control animals 24 h after laparotomy. In the control animals @entity3352 caused a mean reduction in gastric mucosal blood flow of approximately 50%. The flow reduction was about the same in different regions of the stomach. In the muscularis there was no change in blood flow after @entity3352 . The blood flow was reduced in the duodenum and jejunum but not in the other intestinal organs studied. The blood pressure and cardiac output remained unchanged. In the @entity1066 group @entity3352 caused about the same @entity551 flow. However, the blood flow was reduced less in the @entity1066 region and tended to increase in the mucosa around the @entity1066 1 h after @entity3352 infusion.

title: Effect of XXXX on blood flow distribution in the stomach of @entity468 with acute gastric ulcer.

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in mucosal blood']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['indomethacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess stakeholders' perceptions (i.e. @entity1 , relatives, the public, and professionals) about results of the Valencian Community Cancer Plan (POCV). METHODS: Qualitative analysis (34 @entity1 in 2 interview groups, and 37 @entity1 in 4 focus groups) and quantitative analysis (470 opinion surveys) was combined in a descriptive study. RESULTS: The POCV's existence is highlighted as a positive factor. It has managed to send the message that " @entity5 can be cured" to the population. The key aims have been defined, criteria have been unified, and there have been achieved the @entity5 Committees contribute most to make a multidisciplinary care. The plan is considered innovative, especially because the Genetic Counseling Program was included. Citizens leaders and @entity1 associations find the Breast Cancer Program as the best known and the most valued, while the @entity14 Program is the least known. In both methodologies, qualitative groups and the online survey conducted on the professionals, it is concluded that the @entity5 Committees, the vaginal cytology recommendation for cervical @entity5 prevention, and the message transmission that " @entity5 can be cured" are positively assessed. CONCLUSIONS: POCV 07-10 assessments are generally positive, with occasional exceptions that are clearly identified. The qualitative and quantitative information obtained in the different analyses is almost coincident.

title: [Results assessment of the Valencian Community Cancer Plan: the point of view of XXXX , relatives, citizens and professionals].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the clinical profiles and inheritance patterns of familial childhood @entity302 in the highly consanguineous population of Jordan. METHODS: This retrospective study examined @entity1 diagnosed with @entity302 and having at least one @entity302 parent or sibling. The @entity302 type was classified according to the criteria of the International League Against @entity302 . @entity1 were monitored for a period of 6 months to 5 years. RESULTS: The study population included 39 @entity1 belonging to 31 families; 21 @entity1 (53.8%) and 18 @entity1 (46.2%). The age at onset ranged from one month to 16 years. Generalized @entity410 were observed in 23 @entity1 (58.9%), partial @entity410 in 14 @entity1 (35.8%); and generalized and partial @entity410 in two @entity1 (5.1%). @entity410 control was achieved in 33 @entity1 (84.6%), and 13 @entity1 (33.3%) were @entity410 -free for at least two years. Withdrawal of antiepileptic medication was successful in five of these 13 @entity1 (38.5%), while @entity410 recurred in the other eight (61.5%) on withdrawal. The consanguinity rate among parents of affected @entity1 was 61.3%. Pedigree analysis suggested probable autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance with or without reduced penetrance in 13 families (41.9%), probable autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance in 6 families (19.4%), and an @entity74 ( @entity74 ) in one family. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on @entity302 involving first degree relatives in Jordan. Genetic testing including exome sequencing could help in reaching the accurate diagnosis and may also reveal novel autosomal recessive genes associated with pediatric @entity3762 .

title: Clinical and inheritance profile of familial childhood XXXX in Jordan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'familial epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked recessive inheritance', 'XR']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of @entity470 , PI3K, @entity584 , @entity3470 , and @entity983 in the oral cavity and @entity5 , and to investigate their clinical significance as prognostic markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-one @entity1 who underwent curative surgery for oral cavity or @entity957 in Seoul St. Mary's Hospital between January 1995 and September 2009 were evaluated. The level of protein expression of @entity470 , @entity10160 , pAkt, @entity3470 , and @entity983 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In situ hybridization was used to detect the existence of @entity1082 ). RESULTS: Nineteen of 61 @entity1 with @entity5 showed @entity5 , and two of 60 @entity1 with @entity1697 showed @entity5 . @entity470 and pAkt expression was significantly higher in oral @entity5 than in @entity5 . Loss of @entity983 occurred significantly more frequently in oral @entity5 than in @entity5 . The expression levels of @entity10160 , @entity3470 , and @entity876 did not differ significantly between the two @entity5 . Overexpression of @entity470 and pAkt and loss of @entity983 were observed more frequently in @entity5 . Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that pAkt expression had a significantly unfavorable impact on relapse-free survival in @entity5 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that the expression levels of @entity470 , pAkt, and @entity983 differ between oropharyngeal and @entity1697 and it may be attributed to HPV-related molecular pathogenesis. The expression of pAkt might be an unfavorable prognostic marker for relapse-free survival in @entity5 .

title: Difference in expression of @entity470 , pAkt, and XXXX between oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancers', 'HPV-negative tumors', 'HPV-positive tumors', 'cancers', 'cavity cancers', 'oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity983 :: (5728,Gene) :: ['PTEN']


abstract: The aims of this study of premenopausal parous @entity1 were to determine whether low bone mass could be accurately identified by clinical risk factors and to describe the effect of an information and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) feedback program on lifestyle behavior. The subjects were a convenience sample of 271 @entity1 who took part in a cohort study of @entity6884 in 1988, and in a population-based study of the determinants of bone mass in 1996. These subjects were provided with @entity79 feedback according to their T-score. Those with a score < -1.0 at either the femoral neck or lumbar spine were sent a letter indicating that their @entity79 was low (n = 72), whereas those scoring above -1.0 at both sites (n = 199) were told that their @entity79 was normal. Both groups were given a comprehensive @entity170 information leaflet. In late 1997 we were able to contact 256 subjects (95%). In logistic regression, the presence or absence of low @entity79 was correctly classified in 79% of cases (p < 0.0001) by a model containing body mass index, @entity174 history, smoking, breastfeeding history, and sports participation. The model had poor sensitivity (38%) but high specificity (93%). At follow-up, those with low @entity79 had similar smoking cessation rates (16 vs 17%, p = 0.93) but higher rates of increased @entity460 intake (61 vs 9%), @entity460 supplement use (39 vs 4%), and increased physical activity (41 vs 17%) (all p < 0.001) in comparison with those with normal @entity79 . We conclude that a feedback program can alter self-reported behavior in young @entity1 for at least 12 mo and that the magnitude of effect is greatest in those with low @entity79 . Identification of these subjects by clinical risk factors is good but suboptimal, suggesting that measurement of @entity79 may be necessary to target most accurately and effectively those at highest risk.

title: Low bone mass in premenopausal parous XXXX : identification and the effect of an information and bone density feedback program.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The authors describe the case of bilateral @entity1781 / @entity1781 / in 14 years old @entity1 . When being hospitalized at the Neurology Clinic with paresis n.VII, the @entity1 was examined by ophthalmologist. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and characteristic changes revealed by USG, CT and MRI. The very first ophthalmologic examination confirmed a visual acuity 5/5 OD and hand movements OS, associated with papilloedema OD and @entity1952 . The use of USG, CT and MRI revealed bilateral tubular thickening of the optic nerves (8mm), with @entity730 . After the period of one year, clinical progression was observed. The @entity5 extended. It was shown in diagnostic imaging. The @entity1 was operated on by neurosurgeons with histopathology verification. In the later stage she underwent radiotherapy. The case has been described because of its diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.

title: [Bilateral XXXX ( @entity1781 ) --diagnostic and therapeutic problems].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['edematous optic atrophy OS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tumor']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve sheath meningioma', 'ONSM']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic nerve sheath meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the current work distribution of health professionals from a public Ugandan medical school in a period of major donor funding for @entity645 programmes. We explore the hypothesis that programmes initiated under unprecedented health investments from the US President's Emergency Plan for @entity791 Relief have possibly facilitated the drain of healthcare workers from the public-health system of countries like Uganda. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study conducted between January and December 2010 to survey graduates, using in- @entity1 , phone or online surveys using email and social networks. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine ORs for association between predictors and outcomes. SETTING: Located rurally, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) is one of three government supported medical schools in Uganda. @entity1 : Graduates who completed a health-related degree at MUST. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Location of health profession graduates (Uganda or abroad) and main field of current job ( @entity645 -related non-governmental organisation (NGO) or others). RESULTS: We interviewed 85.4% (n=796) of all MUST alumni since the university opened in 1989. 78% (n=618) were physicians and 12% (n=94) of graduates worked outside Uganda. Over 50% (n=383) of graduates worked for an @entity645 -related NGO whether in Uganda or abroad. Graduates receiving their degree after 2005, when large @entity645 programmes started, were less likely to leave the country, OR=0.24 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.59) but were more likely to work for an @entity645 -related NGO, OR=1.53 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.23). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of health professionals surveyed work for an @entity645 -related NGO. The increase in resources and investment in @entity645 -treatment capacity is temporally associated with retention of medical providers in Uganda. Donor funds should be channelled to develop and retain healthcare workers in disciplines other than @entity645 and broaden the healthcare workforce to other areas.

title: Influence of the US President's Emergency Plan for XXXX Relief (PEPfAR) on career choices and emigration of health-profession graduates from a Ugandan medical school: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'person']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: The alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking effects of @entity38476 on the urethral smooth muscle were compared in in vivo lower urinary tract preparations of anesthetized @entity235 , with the effects of other alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity3159 and @entity10820 . Hypogastric nerve stimulation and selective administration of @entity2647 to the urethra and bladder through the cannulated right external iliac artery (i.a.) elicited reproducible frequency- and dose-dependent increases in intra-urethral pressure. Intra-bladder pressure was increased by the nerve stimulation but not by i.a. @entity2647 . @entity38476 , @entity3159 or @entity10820 (0.1-10 micrograms/kg i.v.) dose dependently suppressed the urethral contraction evoked by the nerve stimulation and i.a. @entity2647 but did not influence the bladder contraction elicited by nerve stimulation. The alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking potency of @entity38476 was approximately 2.3 and 8.1 times greater than that of @entity3159 and @entity10820 , respectively. The results indicate that alpha 1-adrenoceptors may mediate mainly the urethral contraction induced by hypogastric nerve stimulation and i.a. @entity2647 , and that @entity38476 was more potent alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking activity than @entity3159 and @entity10820 in the @entity235 urethra.

title: In vivo experiments for the evaluation of alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonistic effects of XXXX on @entity235 urethra.

entities_list: @entity10820 :: ('MESH:C018176', 'Chemical') :: ['bunazosin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

answer: @entity38476 :: (MESH:C042712,Chemical) :: ['SGB-1534']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictors of @entity41 at repeat transurethral resection of @entity150 (re-TURBT) for the @entity1 with T1 @entity150 and evaluate the effect of the @entity41 on the prognosis of the disease. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of the @entity1 with T1 @entity150 who underwent re-TURBT from 2008 to 2015 in our department. Seventy-two @entity1 received re-TURBT 2-6 weeks after the initial TURBT. A total of 65 @entity1 were followed up, and we recorded the events of @entity5 recurrence, @entity5 progression, radical cystectomy and @entity5 specific @entity204 .The influencing factors of re-TURBT positive rate were analyzed.The effects of re-TURBT positive or negative findings on the prognosiswere compared. RESULTS: 33.3% of the @entity1 who received re-TURBT had @entity5 . Re-TURBT positive in T1 @entity150 has significant correlation with @entity5 size (P<0.05). @entity41 tended to be detected in @entity1 with @entity5 (diameter >=  4 cm) but might have no relationship with @entity5 grade or @entity5 number. The recurrence rate within 3 month ofthe @entity1 with @entity5 at re-TURBT was 25% (5/20), while there were no @entity1 suffering recurrence who had no @entity5 at re-TURBT, which had a significant difference (P<0.001). However, the overall recurrence rate, progression rate, rate of radical cystectomy and @entity5 specific mortality showed no significant difference between the two groups (45% vs 40%, P=0.71; 10% vs 6.7%, P=0.64; 5% vs 8.9%, P=0.59; 5% vs 2.2%, P=0.55). CONCLUSIONS: For the @entity1 with T1 @entity150 , @entity5 could be a predictor for @entity41 at re-TURBT. The presence of @entity41 is associated with early recurrence.

title: [Clinical significance of XXXX at repeat transurethral resection in @entity1 with T1 @entity150 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'Residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'residual tumours', 'larger tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['residual tumors']


abstract: The @entity1501 -dependent enzymes are attractive targets for @entity5 chemotherapy. @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), which inhibits @entity9796 reductase, has been widely used for the treatment of @entity5 and @entity1583 . Raltitrexed ("Tomudex") ), which inhibits thymidylate synthase, is a novel anticancer agent active against @entity14 and some other @entity5 . We studied the optimal schedule of raltitrexed and @entity1500 in combination against four @entity1 @entity694 cell lines Colo201, @entity1 , LoVo, and WiDr. These cells were simultaneously exposed to raltitrexed and @entity1500 for 24 h, or sequentially exposed to raltitrexed for 24 h followed by @entity1500 for 24 h, or vice versa. Cell growth inhibition after 5 days was determined by using @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay. The effects of drug combinations at the concentrations of drug that produced 80% and 50% cell growth inhibition (IC(80) and IC(50)) were analyzed by the isobologram method (Steel and Peckham, 1979). Cytotoxic interactions between raltitrexed and @entity1500 were schedule-dependent. The simultaneous exposure to raltitrexed and @entity1500 showed additive effects in Colo201, LoVo and WiDr cells and antagonistic effects in @entity1 cells. The sequential exposure to raltitrexed followed by @entity1500 produced additive effects in all four cell lines. The sequential exposure to @entity1500 followed by raltitrexed produced synergistic effects in Colo201, LoVo and WiDr cells and additive effects in @entity1 cells. These findings suggest that the sequential administration of @entity1500 followed by raltitrexed produces more than the expected @entity137 and may be the optimal schedule at the cellular level. Further in vivo and clinical studies will be necessary to determine the @entity137 and to test the antitumor effects of sequential administration of @entity1500 followed by raltitrexed proposed on the basis of the in vitro synergism.

title: Schedule-dependent synergism and antagonism between raltitrexed ("Tomudex") and XXXX in @entity1 @entity694 cell lines in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']