abstract: The ability of @entity31378 , @entity7654 and @entity4744 to control @entity18327 was explored in vitro and in artificially infected kernels. The effect of the @entity31378 fumigation on @entity18327 control, @entity20695 production and kernel germination was also investigated in naturally infected kernels. @entity31378 , @entity7654 and @entity4744 vapour showed fungicidal activity against @entity18327 , in in vitro trials. @entity31378 was the best pathogen inhibitor, followed by @entity7654 and @entity4744 . In @entity2829 kernels, fumigations with @entity31378 provided a high inhibitory effect on @entity18327 growth and its efficacy depended on concentration and time of incubation. The most effective dose of @entity31378 was 369 microL/L, but this concentration induced off-odour in @entity2829 . The exposure to 246 microL/L @entity31378 provided the best control of @entity18327 and no phytotoxic symptoms or off-odour in kernels was observed. In contrast @entity31378 fumigations were ineffective in the reduction of @entity20695 concentration and high concentration (369 microL/L) stimulated @entity20695 levels. Reduction or delay in the germinability of the kernel was observed after @entity31378 exposure. The results showed that @entity31378 postharvest fumigation is effective in @entity18327 control also in asymptomatic @entity2829 kernels, but cannot reduce @entity20695 production.

title: Activity of natural compounds on @entity18327 and XXXX production in stored @entity2829 kernels.

entities_list: @entity31378 :: ('MESH:C051750', 'Chemical') :: ['trans-2-hexenal', 'Trans-2-hexenal']

entities_list: @entity18327 :: ('117187', 'Species') :: ['F. verticillioides']

entities_list: @entity20695 :: ('CHEBI:38224', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisin']

entities_list: @entity7654 :: ('MESH:C073316', 'Chemical') :: ['carvacrol']

answer: @entity20695 :: (CHEBI:38224,Chemical) :: ['fumonisin']


abstract: The relationship between starch alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) susceptibility, plasma responses and gastric emptying rates has been investigated in @entity1 . Nine randomly chosen healthy subjects were given three @entity1735 test meals (25 g starch or equivalent @entity413 units): two @entity2829 starch pastes with (a) 240 (S24) or (b) 500 (S50) g amylose/kg, and a @entity413 solution (GS). At 30 min, in vitro starch alpha-amylolysis was 48 (SD 4)% for @entity29857 (SD 4)% for S50. Test meals differed in viscosity (mPa x s: S24, 54,000; S50, 190; GS, 4). @entity3363 were labelled with @entity1136 and isotope gastric emptying was measured by external gamma counting. @entity1735 isotopic gastric emptying patterns were exponential. Half gastric emptying time (min) was significantly (P less than 0.05) shorter for S50 (19(SD 2] than for GS (26(SD 2] or S24 (29(SD 2]. No correlation was found between half gastric emptying time and plasma response values. Values for peak insulin (pmol/l) above fasting were significantly (P less than 0.05) different: GS, 306 (SD 11); S24, 227 (SD 11); S50, 187 (SD 11). It is concluded that alpha-amylase susceptibility of the test @entity3363 is a determining factor in the insulin response of healthy subjects, while viscosity of the test meals and gastric emptying rate have no effect.

title: Alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) susceptibility rather than viscosity or gastric emptying rate controls plasma responses to starch in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['99mTechnetium']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates', 'Carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: AIM: To review percutaneous transhepatic portal venoplasty and stenting (PTPVS) for @entity6315 ( @entity6315 ) after liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: From April 2004 to June 2008, 16 of 18 consecutive @entity1 (11 male and 5 female; aged 17-66 years, mean age 40.4 years) underwent PTPVS for @entity6315 . @entity6315 occurred 2-10 mo after LT (mean 5.0 mo). Three asymptomatic @entity1 were detected on routine screening color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS). Fifteen @entity1 who also had typical clinical signs of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) were identified by contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia. If there was a @entity6315 < 75%, the portal pressure was measured. Portal venoplasty was performed with an undersized balloon and slowly inflated. All stents were deployed immediately following the predilation. Follow-ups, including clinical course, @entity850 recurrence and stent patency which were evaluated by CDUS and CT, were performed. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all @entity1 . No procedure-related complications occurred. Liver function was normalized gradually and the symptoms of @entity101 also improved following PTPVS. In 2 of 3 asymptomatic @entity1 , portal venoplasty and stenting were not performed because of pressure gradients < 5 mmHg. They were observed with periodic CDUS or CT. PTPVS was performed in 16 @entity1 . In 2 @entity1 , the mean pressure gradients decreased from 15.5 mmHg to 3.0 mmHg. In the remaining 14 @entity1 , a pressure gradient was not obtained because of > 75% @entity850 and typical clinical signs of @entity101 . In a 51-year-old @entity1 , who suffered from massive @entity843 and severe bilateral lower limb @entity4 after secondary LT, @entity6315 complicated @entity99 and inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity850 . Before PTPVS, a self-expandable and a balloon-expandable metallic stent were deployed in the IVC and right hepatic vein respectively. The @entity843 and @entity4 resolved gradually after treatment. The portosystemic collateral vessels resulting from @entity101 were visualized in 14 @entity1 . Gastroesophageal varices became invisible on poststenting portography in 9 @entity1 . In a 28-year-old @entity1 with @entity99 , a pre-existing meso-caval shunt was detected due to visualization of IVC on portography. After stenting, contrast agents flowed mainly into IVC via the shunt and little flowed into the portal vein. A covered stent was deployed into the superior mesenteric vein to occlude the shunt. Portal hepatopetal flow was restored and the IVC became invisible. The @entity1 recovered from @entity99 . A balloon-expandable Palmaz stent was deployed into hepatic artery for @entity850 before PTPVS. Percutaneous transhepatic internal-external biliary drainage was performed in 2 @entity1 with @entity3883 . Portal venous patency was maintained for 3.3-56.6 mo (mean 33.0 mo) and all @entity1 remained asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: With technical refinements, early detection and prompt treatment of complications, and advances in immunotherapy, excellent results can be achieved in LT.

title: Percutaneous portal venoplasty and stenting for XXXX after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['PHT', 'portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'hepatic vein stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein anastomotic stenosis', 'PVAS']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['anastomotic stenosis']


abstract: @entity18202 and @entity18202 expansum are the most devastating pathogens of citrus and pome fruits, respectively. Whereas @entity18202 is a very specific pathogen that only infects Citrus fruits, P. expansum has a broader host range but has not been reported to be infectious in Citrus. To determine the responses of fruits and the infection capacities of both moulds, two varieties of oranges at different @entity2175 stages, different inoculum concentrations and two different storage temperatures were studied. In compatible interactions, no significant differences in rot dynamics among harvests were found with a 10(7) conidia mL(-1) inoculum concentration at both temperatures tested (20   C and 4   C). However, at other inoculum concentrations, significant differences in rot dynamics were found, especially in immature fruits. Incompatible interactions showed that P. expansum could infect oranges at commercial @entity2175 in both tested varieties. Decay incidence and severity were higher at 4   C than at 20   C. In addition to infection capacity studies, histochemical tests were performed to detect wound-healing compounds for both pathogens. A positive reaction for lignin was detected for both pathogens in immature oranges over a short period (48 h). In all cases, no reactions were found in control samples. Our results indicate that pathogen concentration, host @entity2175 and storage temperature can play important roles in the defence mechanisms of fruit. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first work that demonstrates that P. expansum can infect oranges under favourable conditions.

title: Infection capacities in the orange-pathogen relationship: compatible ( XXXX ) and incompatible ( @entity18202 expansum) interactions.

entities_list: @entity18202 :: ('36651', 'Species') :: ['P. digitatum', 'Penicillium', 'Penicillium digitatum']

answer: @entity18202 :: (36651,Species) :: ['Penicillium digitatum']


abstract: A significant care gap exists in the management of @entity3604 . @entity170 @entity1 Targeted and Integrated Management for Active Living (OPTIMAL) is a secondary @entity174 prevention program instituted in the public hospitals of Singapore. We aim to describe the operational characteristics of OPTIMAL and initial audit data of @entity1 who were recruited into the program at Singapore General Hospital. INTRODUCTION: @entity174 often represent the first opportunity for care of @entity170 . However, a significant care gap still exists in the management of these sentinel events and underdiagnosis and undertreatment of @entity3604 are prevalent worldwide. @entity174 liaison services run by care coordinators have been shown to reduce the @entity174 care gap. OPTIMAL is a clinician champion-driven, case manager-run secondary @entity174 prevention program set up in the public hospitals of Singapore in 2008. METHODS: We present the operational characteristics and initial audit data of OPTIMAL from the largest tertiary teaching hospital in Singapore. RESULTS: One thousand and fourteen @entity1 have been recruited into OPTIMAL at our hospital since 2008, and 476 @entity1 are currently in active follow-up. Two hundred and eighty-seven @entity1 had completed a 2-year follow-up at the hospital as of August 2012 and were evaluated; 97.5% of these @entity1 had DXA evaluation upon enrollment into the program, and 62% of the @entity1 reported compliance with an exercise program over the 2-year follow-up. Compliance to @entity170 medications as estimated by the medication possession ratio (MPR) was 72.8    34.5% at 2 years with @entity1 maintaining good compliance (MPR >=  80%) for an average of 20.2 months (95% CI 19.3-21.1). CONCLUSION: Our report provides the first compelling evidence of the potential success of a secondary @entity174 prevention program from an Asian country. The ultimate success of the program will be determined by @entity174 outcomes and cost effectiveness, but in the interim, clear evidence of enhanced assessment and treatment rates has been demonstrated.

title: Secondary prevention of XXXX --an "OPTIMAL" model of care from Singapore.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of marrow derived multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) differentiating into hepatocytes by co-culturing with @entity1 hepatocyte line L02, and to evaluate the potential use of MAPCs in tissue-engineering either experimentally or clinically. METHODS: (1) Co-culturing without cell-to-cell contact: MAPCs and L02 hepatocytes were spread on coverslips separately (both with a cell density of 1x10(5)/ml), and then they were put in a culture dish (10 cm). The expressions of @entity2313 , @entity160 , @entity2873 , and @entity4166 in MAPCs were detected by immunocytochemistry at different time points. A separate culture of L02 hepatocytes served as a positive control and a separate culture of MAPCs served as a negative control. (2) Co-culturing with cell-to-cell contact: MAPCs labeled with CFSE were mixed with L02 hepatocytes (both with a cell density of 1x10(4)/ml), and then the mixed cells were seeded on specific dishes for detection by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Five days later, the cells were double-stained with SABC-Cy3. The expressions of @entity2313 , @entity160 , @entity2873 in MAPCs were observed under LSCM. Similarly, separately cultured L02 hepatocytes served as a positive control and separately cultured MAPCs served as a negative control. RESULTS: (1) Results of co-culturing without cell-to-cell contact: On the first day, the MAPCs expressed a high level of @entity160 . Then @entity160 expression tapered daily and there was hardly any expression of @entity160 on day 7. The expression of @entity2313 was very weak on day 1, but increased significantly by day 3, reached its peak on day 5, and still maintained a high level on day 7. The initial expression of @entity2873 appeared on day 5 and reached a higher level on day 7. The expression of @entity4166 was always negative. The positive control cells had a high expression of @entity2313 and @entity2873 , while there was a weak expression of @entity160 and a negative expression of @entity4166 . The negative control cells had no expressions for the four markers. (2) Results of co-culturing with cell-to-cell contact: On day 5, there were three colors of fluorescence under LSCM: yellow cells were MAPCs differentiating into hepatocytes; green cells were undifferentiated MAPCs; red cells were L02 hepatocytes. The result showed that @entity2313 and @entity2873 were expressed in many cells and @entity160 appeared in only a few cells. CONCLUSION: @entity1 MAPCs can be induced to differentiate into mature hepatocyte-like cells by co-culturing with L02 hepatocytes, either with or without cell-to-cell contact, but the former way may be more effective.

title: [ XXXX bone marrow derived multipotent adult progenitor cells differentiating into hepatocyte-like cells after being induced by co-culturing with @entity1 hepatocyte line L02].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Converging evidence shows that GD3 @entity4163 is a critical effector in a number of apoptotic pathways, and @entity11688 @entity4163 has neuroprotective and no  tropic properties. Targeted deletion of @entity640 ( @entity640 ) eliminates GD3 and increases @entity11688 levels. Primary neurons from @entity640 -/- @entity19 are resistant to @entity2359 induced by amyloid-b or @entity3562 , and when @entity640 is eliminated in the APP/ @entity20933 double-transgenic model of @entity195 the plaque-associated oxidative stress and inflammatory response are absent. To date, no small-molecule inhibitor of @entity640 exists. In the present study we used sialidase from @entity1838 (VCS) to produce a brain @entity4163 profile that approximates that of @entity640 deletion. VCS hydrolyzes GD1a and complex b-series gangliosides to @entity11688 , and the apoptogenic GD3 is degraded. VCS was infused by osmotic minipump into the dorsal third ventricle in @entity19 over a 4-week period. Sensorimotor behaviors, @entity148 , and cognition were unaffected in VCS-treated @entity19 . To determine whether VCS was neuroprotective in vivo, we injected @entity4176 on the 25th day of infusion to induce @entity159 . @entity4176 induced a robust lesion of the @entity4779 hippocampal subfield in aCSF-treated controls. In contrast, all hippocampal regions in VCS-treated @entity19 were largely intact. VCS did not protect against @entity410 . These results demonstrate that strategic degradation of complex gangliosides and GD3 can be used to achieve neuroprotection without adversely affecting behavior.

title: Intracranial XXXX sialidase protects against excitotoxic neurodegeneration.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid', 'Kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['V. cholerae']


abstract: The formation of eukaryotic ribosomes is a multistep process that takes place successively in the nucleolar, nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic compartments. Along this pathway, multiple pre-ribosomal particles are generated, which transiently associate with numerous non-ribosomal factors before mature 60S and 40S subunits are formed. However, most mechanistic details of ribosome biogenesis are still unknown. Here we identify a maturation step of the @entity375 pre-40S subunit that is regulated by the protein kinase @entity36266 and involves ribosomal protein @entity36267 . A high salt concentration releases @entity36267 from isolated pre-40S particles but not from mature 40S subunits. Electron microscopy indicates that pre-40S particles lack a structural landmark present in mature 40S subunits, the 'beak'. The beak is formed by the protrusion of 18S ribosomal RNA helix 33, which is in close vicinity to @entity36267 . Two protein kinases @entity36266 and @entity36268 are associated with pre-40S particles. @entity36266 phosphorylates @entity36267 and the 40S synthesis factor @entity36269 . Phosphorylated Rsp3 and @entity36269 readily dissociate from the pre-ribosome, whereas subsequent dephosphorylation induces formation of the beak structure and salt-resistant integration of @entity36267 into the 40S subunit. In vivo depletion of @entity36266 inhibits growth and leads to the accumulation of immature 40S subunits that contain unstably bound @entity36267 . We conclude that the kinase activity of @entity36266 regulates the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.

title: XXXX -dependent phosphorylation state regulates organization of the pre-40S subunit.

answer: @entity36266 :: (855897(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Hrr25']


abstract: Objectives. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of cochlear implantation for @entity1274 in @entity1 with @entity10244 . Method. A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity1 who underwent cochlear implantation at the University of Tokyo Hospital. Clinical classification, genetic mutation, clinical course, preoperative hearing threshold, high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone, and postoperative hearing outcome were assessed. Result. Five @entity1 with @entity10244 underwent cochlear implantation. The average age at implantation was 2 years 11 months (ranging from 1 year 9 months to 6 years 3 months). Four @entity1 had congenital profound @entity393 and one @entity1 had progressive @entity393 . Two @entity1 had an @entity389 of cochlear incomplete @entity1605 . No surgical complication or difficulty was seen in any @entity1 . All @entity1 showed good hearing outcome postoperatively. Conclusion. Cochlear implantation could be a good treatment option for @entity10244 .

title: The Hearing Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10244 :: ('MESH:D014849', 'Disease') :: ['Waardenburg syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['partition type 2']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear malformation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity10244 :: (MESH:D014849,Disease) :: ['Waardenburg Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 1985, @entity575 et al. published a cadaver study which determined the relative order of strength of the muscles in the @entity291 . Muscle strength, which is proportional to volume, was obtained by dissecting out the individual muscles, weighing them, and then multiplying by the specific gravity. No similar studies have been performed using {\it in vivo} measurements of muscle volume. METHODS: Ten normal subjects underwent 3-Tesla MRI's of both lower extremities using non-fat-saturated T2 SPACE sequences. The volume for each muscle was determined by tracing the muscle contour on sequential axial images and then interpolating the volume using imaging software. RESULTS: The results from this study differ from @entity575 's original article. The lateral head of the gastrocnemius was found to be stronger than the tibialis anterior muscle. The @entity9058 and EDL muscles were both stronger than the peroneus longus. There was no significant difference in strength between the peroneus longus and brevis muscles. CONCLUSION: This revised order of muscle strengths in the @entity291 based on in vivo MRI findings may assist surgeons in determining the optimal tendons to transfer in order to address @entity425 and @entity85 .

title: Relative strengths of the XXXX muscles based on MRI volume measurements.

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent advances in endovascular repair have put into question the role of open surgery on the descending thoracic aorta. We evaluated our experience with replacement of the descending thoracic aorta using hypothermic @entity1167 . METHODS: From May 1989 to August 2008, 151 @entity1 (mean age 62 +/- 15 years) had descending thoracic aorta replacement using cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic @entity1167 . Concurrent distal aortic arch repair was performed in 71 @entity1 (47%). Seventeen @entity1 (11%) had emergency operation. RESULTS: The mean durations of bypass and @entity1167 were 107 +/- 34 and 32 +/- 9 minutes, respectively. @entity64 occurred in 5 @entity1 (3.3%), spinal cord @entity63 in 2 @entity1 (1.3%; 1 @entity451 , 1 paraparesis), and @entity177 requiring dialysis in 2 @entity1 (1.3%). Thirty-day and 6-month mortality rates were 4.0% and 9.9%, respectively. Following emergency operation, the 30-day mortality rate was 17.6% compared with 2.2% after elective surgery (P = .02). Five- and 10-year survival rates were 71% and 45%, respectively. Five @entity1 required reoperation on the graft or contiguous aorta at a mean of 5 +/- 4 years after the initial repair. Five- and 10-year rates of freedom from reoperation were 96% and 92%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermic @entity1167 can be safely used for replacement of the descending thoracic aorta. Although more invasive than endovascular stent grafting, this open surgical technique provides definitive repair, maintenance of left subclavian artery patency, protection against @entity1566 , and early mortality and morbidity rates that do not exceed those reported for endovascular repair.

title: Replacement of the descending thoracic aorta: contemporary outcomes using hypothermic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: @entity1 fibroblasts secrete insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that can modify @entity442 action. We have determined the molecular identities of three forms of IGFBPs that are secreted by @entity1 fibroblasts in vitro. Ligand blot analysis of fibroblast conditioned media revealed that the M(r) 43,000 and 39,000 forms were the most abundant, but that M(r) 31,000 and 24,000 forms were also present. An antiserum that was specific for @entity14172 reacted with the M(r) 31,000 form, and an @entity12561 -specific antiserum recognized only the M(r) 24,000 form. The M(r) 39,000 and 43,000 forms were detected by @entity2301 antiserum. Further proof that fibroblasts synthesized these forms of IGFBPs was obtained by Northern blotting. A cDNA probe for @entity2301 hybridized with a 2.4-kilobase (kb) transcript, whereas a cDNA probe for @entity14172 recognized a single 6.0-kb transcript, and an @entity12561 cDNA probe recognized 2.2- and 2.0-kb transcripts. @entity12067 caused a minimal (less than 43%) increase in @entity14172 mRNA abundance and had no effect on @entity12561 mRNA abundance. @entity12067 (100 ng/ml) stimulated 6-8-fold increases in @entity14172 levels, whereas @entity12561 was inhibited. Insulin failed to elicit any change in @entity14172 , suggesting that binding of the IGFs to IGFBPs was required to detect the increase. Immunoblotting for @entity14172 revealed an M(r) 23,000 (non- @entity442 -binding) fragment. To determine if the IGFs were influencing proteolytic degradation of @entity14172 , pure @entity14172 was added to fibroblast cultures and incubated for 4 h at 37 degrees C. The amount of fragment formation was attenuated by the presence of @entity12067 , but not insulin, suggesting that this is a mechanism by which the IGFs act to modulate @entity14172 concentration. In contrast to the IGFs, @entity1928 , which increased @entity31650 mRNA abundance and secretion, had no effect on fragment formation. The results show that @entity1 fibroblasts synthesize and secrete @entity12562 and that changes in intracellular @entity268 regulate synthesis, whereas the IGFs regulate @entity31650 levels by post-transcriptional mechanisms.

title: Identification of the forms of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins produced by XXXX fibroblasts and the mechanisms that regulate their secretion.

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the participation of pediatric dentistry in @entity2419 teams (CPTs) at advanced pediatric dental residency programs. METHODS: A survey was sent to the directors of advanced pediatric dentistry programs across the United States. RESULTS: Of the 60 (90%) surveys returned, 18% of the programs were university-based, 40% hospital-based, and 42% combined programs. Overall, 92% of the programs reported pediatric dentistry's participation in CPTs. Orthodontics, plastic surgery, oral surgery, otolaryngology, and speech therapy, are represented on at least 75% of the CPTs. Nursing and psychology are represented in less than 50% of the CPTs. A higher percentage of combined programs reported providing interceptive orthodontics, while more hospital-based programs reported providing presurgical @entity1 orthopedic appliances (PIOAs). Of the 47% of the programs that reported use of POIA, 64% reported using removable appliances. Seventy-five percent of the programs reported that there has been no change, 22% reported an increase, and 3% reported a decrease in the @entity1191 participation level in the post 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the role of pediatric dentistry as a part of @entity2419 team. This role extends from preventive and restorative to @entity1 orthopedics.

title: The role of pediatric dentistry in XXXX teams at advanced pediatric dental residency programs.

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'multidisciplinary cleft palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['multidisciplinary cleft palate']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity28 in industrialized societies has become markedly elevated. In contrast, model organism research shows that reducing caloric intake below ad libitum levels provides many health and longevity benefits. Despite these benefits, few @entity1 are willing and able to reduce caloric intake over prolonged periods. Prior research suggests that @entity32819 ( @entity17222 or mannan) supplementation can increase lifespan of some livestock and in rodents can reduce visceral fat without reducing caloric intake. Hence, we tested the effect of @entity17222 supplementation as a possible calorie restriction (CR) mimetic (CRM) in @entity19 . C57Bl/6J male @entity19 were fed a high-fat "western" type diet with or without 1% @entity17222 (by weight) supplementation (n = 24/group) from 8 to 20 weeks of age. Animals were housed individually and provided 95% of ad libitum food intake throughout the study. Body weight was measured weekly and body composition (lean and fat mass) measured noninvasively every 3 weeks. Individual fat depot weights were acquired by dissection at study completion. Supplementation of a high-fat diet with 1% @entity17222 tended to reduce total food intake (mean +/- s.d.; control (CON): 293.69 +/- 10.53 g, @entity17222 : 288.10 +/- 11.82 g; P = 0.09) during the study. Moreover, @entity17222 supplementation had no significant effect on final body weight (CON: 25.21 +/- 2.31 g, @entity17222 : 25.28 +/- 1.49 g; P = 0.91), total fat (CON: 4.72 +/- 0.90 g, @entity17222 : 4.82 +/- 0.83 g; P = 0.69), or visceral fat (CON: 1.048 +/- 0.276 g, @entity17222 : 1.004 +/- 0.247 g; P = 0.57). Contrary to previous research, @entity17222 supplementation had no discernable effect on body @entity1017 or composition during this 12-week study, challenging the potential use of @entity17222 as a CRM or body composition enhancer.

title: The effect of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on body XXXX and fat accrual in C57Bl/6J @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32819 :: ('CHEBI:25174', 'Chemical') :: ['mannooligosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: Due to the large number of putative microRNA gene targets predicted by sequence-alignment databases and the relative low accuracy of such predictions which are conducted independently of biological context by design, systematic experimental identification and validation of every functional microRNA target is currently challenging. Consequently, biological studies have yet to identify, on a genome scale, key regulatory networks perturbed by altered microRNA functions in the context of @entity5 . In this report, we demonstrate for the first time how phenotypic knowledge of inheritable @entity5 traits and of risk factor loci can be utilized jointly with gene expression analysis to efficiently prioritize deregulated microRNAs for biological characterization. Using this approach we characterize @entity10073 as a @entity5 suppressor microRNA and uncover previously unknown connections between microRNA regulation, network topology, and expression dynamics. Specifically, we validate 18 gene targets of @entity10073 that show elevated mRNA expression and are enriched in biological processes associated with @entity5 progression in @entity957 of the @entity135 ( @entity213 ). We further demonstrate the enrichment of bottleneckness, a key molecular network topology, among @entity10073 gene targets. Restoration of @entity10073 function in @entity213 cell lines inhibits the expression of its functionally related gene targets, leads to the reduced adhesion, migration and invasion in vitro and attenuates experimental lung metastasis in vivo. As importantly, our investigation also provides experimental evidence linking the function of microRNAs that are located in the @entity5 -associated genomic regions (CAGRs) to the observed predisposition to @entity1 @entity5 . Specifically, we show @entity10073 may serve as a @entity5 suppressor gene at the 9q21.1-22.3 CAGR locus, a well established risk factor locus in @entity135 for which @entity5 suppressor genes have not been identified. This new strategy that integrates expression profiling, genetics and novel computational biology approaches provides for improved efficiency in characterization and modeling of microRNA functions in @entity5 as compared to the state of art and is applicable to the investigation of microRNA functions in other biological processes and diseases.

title: Network modeling identifies molecular functions targeted by XXXX to suppress @entity135 metastasis.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity10073 :: (406987,Gene) :: ['miR-204']


abstract: We examined the effects of intraventricular injection of low doses of @entity1063 (NE) on internal temperature and on behavioral and reflexive thermoregulatory responses in unrestrained @entity35 . NE lowered the body temperature of the @entity35 in cold and neutral environments but had little effect in the heat. The @entity2332 was blocked by alpha-adrenergic antagonists but unchanged by beta-adrenergic antagonists. In the cold, the @entity2332 was caused primarily by a lowered metabolic rate. At ambient temperature 25 degrees C, it was caused primarily by vasodilatation while metabolic rate increased. Thus, reflexive responses were not integrated to lower body temperature. Behavioral responding compensated for the @entity2332 . In the cold, @entity35 increased responding to get heat after NE. In a warm environment, they did not increase responding to escape heat. Thus, both reflexive and behavioral results support the idea that the set-point is unchanged after intraventricular NE. Wherever in the brain the NE may be acting, it is not in the preoptic-anterior @entity1640 area, because when this area was ablated, the @entity2332 in response to intraventricular NE was greatly exaggerated.

title: Thermoregulatory responses to intraventricular XXXX in normal and @entity1640 -damaged @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are conflicting data concerning the effect of treatment with @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (GIK) in @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Early studies showed beneficial effects of GIK, however, recent large sample size trials did not confirm this, or suggested only benefits in @entity1 without @entity712 . We aimed to evaluate long-term effects of GIK in @entity1 with @entity583 without signs of @entity712 , all treated with reperfusion therapy. METHODS: From August 2003 to December 2004, 889 @entity583 @entity1 without signs of @entity712 were randomized to standard care (N=445) or additional GIK infusion (N=444). @entity413 - @entity972 (20% @entity413 with 80 mmol @entity972 /l) was infused at 2 ml/kg body weight per hour for 12 h through a peripheral line. Short-acting insulin was started according to admission @entity413 and adjusted based on hourly measured @entity413 . Clinical end points were of number of death, reinfarction and revascularization at 1 year. RESULTS: One year follow-up was available in 864 @entity1 (97.2%), 432 in the GIK group and 432 in the control group. Mortality rate was 5.3% in GIK and 3.9% in control @entity1 , p=0.33. Rates of reinfarction and revascularization 4.6% vs. 4.6% and 15.5% and 15.0%, in GIK vs. control @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity583 without signs of @entity712 treated with reperfusion therapy, GIK therapy offers no clinical benefit at 1 year.

title: One year outcomes after @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 in ST elevation XXXX . The @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 study II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) has been increasingly used in lieu of total laryngectomy to treat @entity5 after definitive radiation. There are few data in the literature regarding functional outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed voice and swallowing outcomes in @entity1 who underwent TLM for recurrent @entity189 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary care center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 were identified with recurrent @entity957 of the larynx after definitive radiation therapy from 2001 to 2013: 28 @entity1 with glottic recurrence and 14 with supraglottic recurrence. Swallowing outcomes were evaluated by @entity734 , the @entity601 Anderson @entity1282 Inventory, and the Functional Oral Intake Scale. Voice outcomes were evaluated by the Voice Handicap Index and observer-rated perceptual analysis. RESULTS: No significant difference was noted between mean pre- and postoperative @entity601 Anderson @entity1282 Inventory scores: 78.25 and 74.9, respectively (P = .118, t = 1.6955). Mean Functional Oral Intake Scale scores after TLM for supraglottic and glottic recurrences were 6.4 and 6.6, respectively. Of 42 @entity1 , 17 (40.5%) required a gastrostomy tube either during radiation or in conjunction with the salvage procedure. Of 17 @entity1 , 15 resumed sufficient oral diet for tube removal. @entity1 ' mean Voice Handicap Index score did increase from 34.3 to 51.5 (P = .047), and their mean perceptual score did decrease from 60.0 to 45.3 (P = .005). However, at 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in perceptual score: 61.1 to 57.1 (P = .722). CONCLUSIONS: TLM is a successful surgical option for recurrent @entity5 with acceptable functional outcomes.

title: Functional Outcomes after Salvage Transoral Laser Microsurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube dependence']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture stimulation of bilateral "Hegu" ( @entity3162 4) and "Taichong" (LR 3, the so-called "Four Gate Points") on learning-memory ability, hippocampal interleukin-1 (IL-1) P and @entity5041 and amyloid beta (Abeta) 42 levels in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity35 ,so as to reveal its underlying mechanism in improving @entity195 . METHODS: Male SD @entity35 were randomly divided into sham operation, model, medication and acupuncture groups (n = 12 @entity35 in each group). The @entity195 model was created by microinjection of @entity3839 (10 pL, 3 mg/kg) into the lateral ventricle (repeated the microinjection once two days later). Bilateral LR 3 and @entity3162 4 were punctured with filiform needles and stimulated manually, once a day, 6 days a week for 4 weeks. The @entity35 of the medication group were intragastric perfusion of Donepezil HOI (0.045 mg/kg), once a day for 4 weeks. The learning-memory ability was detected by Morris water maze swimming tests. The immunoactivity of hippocampal Abeta 42 was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the contents of IL-1 P and @entity5041 in the hippocampus tissue were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: After modeling, the average escape latency of Morris water navigation task was significantly increased, and the target-platform crossing times of space probe trials were significantly reduced in the model group (P<0.05), suggesting a g-memory ability. After acupuncture intervention, the increased escape latency and the decreased target-platform crossing times were reversed, suggesting an improvement of the learning-memory. The hippocampal Abeta 42 immunoactivity and @entity3426 content were significantly higher in the model group than in the sham operation group (P<0.05), but the hippocampal @entity5041 content was markedly decreased in the model group (P<0. 05). Following the interventions, the increased Abeta 42 expression and @entity3426 contents, and the decreased @entity5041 contents in the hippocampus were also reversed in both the acupuncture and medication groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture may improve learning-memory ability in @entity195 @entity35 , which may be associated with its effects in reducing hippocampal Abeta13 42 expression and @entity3426 content and in up-regulating @entity5041 level.

title: [Effects of Acupuncture Stimulation of Bilateral "Hegu" ( @entity3162 4) and "Taichong" (LR 3) on Learning-memory Ability, Hippocampal AP 42 Expression and Inflammatory Cytokines in XXXX with @entity195 ].

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 is debilitating for @entity1 with @entity5 . As shown previously, @entity5 cell production of @entity7 might be a major cause of the formation of @entity5 . Intraperitoneal bevacizumab could therefore be an option for symptom control in refractory ascites. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity1820 and @entity5 who had undergone paracentesis at least twice within the past 4 weeks were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to intraperitoneal bevacizumab (400  mg absolute) or placebo after paracentesis. During the 8-week treatment period, a minimum interval of 14  d  was kept between the applications of the study drug. Primary end-point was paracentesis-free survival (ParFS). RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 (median age 63 years) were randomised. Forty-nine @entity1 received at least one study drug application and qualified for the main analysis. The proportion of @entity1 with at least one common @entity137 criteria grade III-V event was similar with 20/33 (61%) on bevacizumab and 11/16 (69%) on placebo. Median ParFS was 14 d  (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11-17) in the bevacizumab arm and 10.5 d  (95% CI: 7-21) on placebo (hazard ratio 0.74, 95% CI: 0.40-1.37; P  =  0.16). The longest paracentesis-free period was 19  d  on bevacizumab (range 6-66  d) and 17.5  d  in the placebo arm (range 4-42) (P  =  0.85). Median overall survival was 64  d  (95% CI: 45-103) on bevacizumab compared to 31.5 d  (95% CI: 20-117) on placebo (P  =  0.31). CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal bevacizumab was well tolerated. Overall, treatment did not result in a significantly better symptom control of @entity5 . However, @entity1 defined by specific immune characteristics may benefit.

title: Intraperitoneal bevacizumab for control of XXXX due to @entity5 : A multicentre double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study - AIO SUP-0108.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'Malignant ascites', 'advanced cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant ascites']


abstract: Transmissible @entity1902 or TGE is a @entity294 which occurs in @entity1707 of all ages and is associated with high mortality rates in the young piglets. Growth of virus in the columnar epithelium of the small intestine causes @entity194 of the intestinal villi, @entity8884 , @entity11563 . @entity778 usually continues up to fourteen days after @entity281 but chronic carriers have been found to occur. TGE is self-limiting on the majority of @entity1707 -breeding farms but the virus may persist in particular conditions and an enzootic form of the disease will appear in this case. In typical outbreaks, the diagnosis can usually be based on clinical symptoms. When the disease runs an enzootic course, a clinical diagnosis will be out of the question. TGE should be differentiated from colibacillosis and from another @entity294 , the aetiology of which is not precisely known. A rapid and correct diagnosis may be established by direct fluorescent antibody studies of frozen sections of the small intestine in infected piglets. When sows have been spontaneously infected, their offspring will be protected by lactogenic immunity. The presence of TGE antibodies of IgA class in the milk is required to ensure complete immunity of the piglets lasting for weeks on end. Intramuscular inoculation of a commercially available vaccine in sows will only stimulate the production of antibodies of the IgG class in the milk. These antibodies will merely afford short-lived immunity. The vaccine cannot prevent symptoms of disease from appearing in piglets following @entity281 with virulent TGE virus but it does reduce mortality

title: [Transmissible XXXX in @entity1707 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Faecal excretion of virus']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['virus diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity11563 :: ('MESH:D003969', 'Disease') :: ['watery diarrhoea and dehydration']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['Gastroenteritis']


abstract: AIM: To study the pattern of mortality as affected by age, season and various diseases in local @entity1237 of Rohilkhand region maintained at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Post-mortem records of 12 years (2000-01 to 2011-12) were used, and total 243 mortality data were collected and analyzed. The causes of mortality were classified into seven major classes viz. @entity74 , @entity1576 , @entity65 , @entity85 , @entity4801 , @entity74 (combination of digestive, respiratory, parasitic, and @entity65 ) and @entity74 (cold, @entity4053 , @entity19259 , @entity7288 , @entity130 , etc.). RESULTS: The average mortality was 10.93%. The overall mortality was more during rainy season followed by winter and summer season. The mortality in 4-6 months of age was high (2.52%) followed by 0-1 month (2.34%) and 2-3 months (1.35%). The average mortality among adult age groups (>12 months) was 3.42%. The mortality showed declining trend with the advancement of age up to 3 months and then again increased in 4-6 months age group. The digestive diseases (3.51%) followed by @entity1576 (1.89%) and @entity4801 (1.48%) contributed major share to the total mortality occurred and the remaining disorders were of lesser significance in causing death in @entity1237 . There is significant (p<0.01;   (2)=55.62) association between year with season and age with the season (p<0.05,   (2)=16.083) found in the present study. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that overall mortality rate averaged 10.93% (ranged between 1.10% and 25.56%) over 12 years under semi-intensive @entity558 . It was generally higher in rainy season. The mortality remains higher in kids particularly under 1 month of age. The digestive diseases contributed major share to overall mortality.

title: Factors affecting survivability of local Rohilkhand XXXX under organized farm.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['farm condition']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity19259 :: ('MESH:D004614', 'Disease') :: ['emaciation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders', 'respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['mixed disorders', 'miscellaneous disorders', 'digestive disorders']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disorders', 'parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorder']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the sensitivity and clinical application value of interphase-dual-color and dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (DD-FISH). The @entity41 ( @entity41 ) in 19 @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was detected by DD-FISH, and the detected results were compared with those of conventional cytogenetics (CC) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The samples were collected from bone marrow or peripheral blood or smears of bone marrow. The results indicated that 14 out of 19 @entity1 achieved and maintained continuous complete molecular remission after transplantation. In these @entity1 , CC assay displayed normal donor karyotype, result of RT-PCR was negative, complete donor chimerism was detected after 2 months of transplantation, result of DD-FISH was negative, average time of the follow-up survey was 11.25 months, @entity41 did not increase. Results of CC and RT-PCR in 1 @entity1 showed negative, while FISH of sex chromosome showed mixed chimerism, result of DD-FISH was positive, @entity41 did not increase, no therapy was given for this @entity1 , clinical state of @entity1 was stable. Three @entity1 with hematological relapse demonstrated obvious increase of @entity41 detected by DD-FISH and sex FISH, result of RT-PCR was found positive in them, but the abnormal result of CC was observed only in 1 @entity1 . After donor lymphocyte infusion and @entity2213 treatment, these 3 @entity1 achieved cytogenetic remission again, results of DD-FISH, CC and PCR were negative in them. DD-FISH, CC and PCR in bone marrow and peripheral blood from one @entity1 with extramedullary relapse revealed negative results, and the complete chimerism was found in this @entity1 . It is concluded that interphase-dual-color and dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization is a more reliably sensitive and practicable method for monitoring @entity41 in @entity1 with @entity1860 after allo-HSCT, and can be used in detection of chromosome sample and blood or bone marrow smears. Dynamic detection of @entity1864 fusion gene level by FISH may predict disease changes and guide individual therapy.

title: [Monitoring of XXXX fusion gene by interphase-dual-color and dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization in @entity1860 after allo-HSCT].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity1864 :: (25;613,Gene) :: ['bcr/abl']


abstract: Acute @entity301 is a set of symptoms interpreted as being the result of @entity299 . The subtypes of @entity1187 , depending on the degree of @entity299 , include @entity1459 and two forms of @entity583 . Determination of serum cardiac markers plays a key role in the diagnosis of @entity583 . Serum markers such as @entity492 transaminase, @entity880 dehydrogenase, and @entity908 kinase are no longer used because they lack cardiac specificity and sensitivity. According to the NACB (National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry) recommendations, two serum cardiac markers need to be determined for routine diagnosis of @entity583 , i.e. one showing early elevation in serum (up to six hours after @entity662 ), and the other, late marker that is elevated six to nine hours after @entity662 , has high sensitivity and specificity for detection of @entity296 , and remains elevated for several days of the symptom onset. In current clinical practice, @entity5632 , CKMB mass (improved diagnostic sensitivity in relation to CKMB activity) and cardiac troponins are commonly determined. CKMB mass is a cardiospecific marker, but can also be elevated in skeletal @entity121 . @entity5632 is not cardiospecific, but has high early sensitivity (fast and reliable exclusion of @entity583 ) and the possibility of rapid assessment of the success of thrombolytic therapy. Cardiac troponins are late markers for the diagnosis of @entity296 . They are markers with highest specificity and sensitivity for @entity583 . New markers such as @entity63 modified albumin, heart @entity844 binding protein, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB, carboanhydrase 3, and new tehnologies are under investigation to advance our knowledge about @entity299 .

title: [Biochemical markers in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5632 :: ('4151', 'Gene') :: ['Myoglobin', 'myoglobin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) has been used for thousands of year in Eastern countries. First-line @entity470 ( @entity470 )- @entity4149 kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment is the standard treatment in stage IV pulmonary @entity420 @entity1 who had @entity5 @entity470 mutations. This study was to find the efficacy of @entity2 treatment. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed chart records of our stage IV @entity470 -mutated pulmonary @entity420 @entity1 who received first-line @entity470 -TKI treatment from January 2010 to September 2014. Results Total, 527 @entity1 were studied. Among them, 34 @entity1 received @entity1058 treatment, including 24 @entity1 who received @entity1058 treatment from the beginning of first-line @entity470 -TKI treatment and 10 @entity1 who started to receive @entity1058 treatment after their disease had progressed to @entity470 -TKI treatment. Median progression-free survival (PFS) of first-line @entity470 -TKI treatment was numerically better in @entity1 who also received @entity1058 than those who did not (12.1 months vs 10.5 months, P = .7668). Overall survival of those 24 @entity1 who received @entity1058 treatment together with @entity470 -TKI was 30.63 months (95% CI = 11.7 to not reached), compared to 23.67 months in the remaining @entity1 (95% CI = 21.37-26; hazard ratio = 0.75; P = .399). No increase of @entity1058 -related @entity137 was found during @entity1058 treatment, compared with @entity470 -TKI treatment alone (P > .05). Conclusion Alternative @entity1058 treatment during first-line @entity470 -TKI treatment did no harm to the @entity1 and PFS and overall survival was numerically better, although not significant, than those @entity1 who did not receive @entity1058 treatment.

title: The Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of @entity470 Mutated Stage IV XXXX @entity1 Who Received First-Line @entity470 -TKI Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['CHM on lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['CHM', 'Chinese herbal medicine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity2184 ( @entity2184 ) is the most common primary intraocular @entity5 in adults and is characterized by high rates of @entity3 . Although brachytherapy is the most common globe-sparing treatment option for small- and medium-sized @entity5 , the treatment is associated with severe adverse reactions and does not lead to increased survival rates as compared to enucleation. The use of irreversible electroporation (IRE) for @entity5 ablation has potential advantages in the treatment of @entity5 in complex organs such as the eye. Following previous theoretical work, herein we evaluate the use of IRE for @entity5 ablation in @entity1 ex vivo eye model. Enucleated eyes of @entity1 with @entity2184 were treated with short electric pulses (50-100   s, 1000-2000 V/cm) using a customized electrode design. Tumor bioimpedance was measured before and after treatment and was followed by histopathological evaluation. We found that IRE caused @entity5 ablation characterized by cell membrane disruption while sparing the non-cellular sclera. @entity952 and loss of cellular capacitance were also associated with significant @entity5 impedance and loss of impedance frequency dependence. The effect was more pronounced near the pulsing electrodes and was dependent on time from treatment to fixation. Future studies should further evaluate the potential of IRE as an alternative method of @entity2184 treatment.

title: Irreversible electroporation of @entity1 primary XXXX in enucleated eyes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'reduction in total tumor', 'uveal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['UM', 'Uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['Membrane disruption']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: A significant higher incidence of some @entity5 , especially @entity2 , has been found in @entity1 with previous HPV-related ( @entity1082 ) urogenital and anal @entity5 than in individuals without this particular clinical history. The aim of our study was to investigate whether HPV is present in both @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) lesions and bronchopulmonary second primary @entity5 in @entity1 with a clinical history of both diseases. @entity982 -embedded @entity5 tissue from 75 @entity1 with @entity189 was examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and in situ hybridization for the presence of @entity1 HPV. In total, 51 primary @entity5 without @entity3 , 11 primary @entity5 with @entity3 and 13 lymph node @entity3 without available tissue from primary @entity5 were analysed. In our study 37/75 primary @entity5 (49%) were identified as HPV positive by the PCR method: 18 cases were purely @entity1799 positive (49%), 12 were purely HPV 6 positive (32%), 5 cases were @entity1799 /6 positive (14%), 1 case was @entity1799 /11 positive (2%) and 1 case was @entity1799 /18 positive (2%). Fourteen @entity3 were HPV positive, and @entity1799 , 11 and 6 were detected in both regional and distant @entity3 . Two of the @entity1799 -positive @entity3 were brain @entity3 from two separate @entity1799 -positive primary @entity5 ; 35% of the HPV-positive cases were @entity420 , 30% @entity957 , 22% oat cell @entity189 , 5% large cell @entity189 , 3% @entity189 , 3% low-differentiated @entity189 , and 3% @entity5 . The @entity75 from 34 of the 37 @entity189 were analysed by PCR. The overall HPV positivity in the @entity75 was 74% (25/34 cases): 48% were purely @entity1799 positive, 24% purely HPV 6 positive, 24% @entity1799 /6 positive and 4% were HPV 18 positive. Our results indicate that HPV is also involved in the development of @entity5 in @entity1 with a history of @entity75 .

title: HPV positive @entity189 in @entity1 with previous high-grade @entity5436 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'bronchopulmonary tumours', 'tumour', 'bronchopulmonary cancers', 'neoplasias', 'tumours', 'malignant cylindroma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CIN III lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'bronchopulmonary carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'anaplastic carcinoma', 'HPV-positive bronchopulmonary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN III']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['CIN III']


abstract: To test if circadian timing of a drug is important for its @entity137 and antitumor activity, we compared the circadian patterns observed with seven equal doses of @entity10049 (FUDR) infused either at a variable rate or at a constant rate in female F344 @entity35 . For the variable-rate infusion, the daily dose of FUDR was divided into four 6-hour portions of 68%, 15%, 2%, and 15% to achieve a quasisinusoidal pattern. Peak drug delivery occurred during one of six different times of day. At a dose level resulting in 50% overall mortality, lethal @entity137 differed significantly, depending on the circadian stage of maximum drug delivery. Depending on the circadian stage of maximum drug flow, variable-rate infusions were more toxic than or as toxic as constant-rate infusion. FUDR lethality was lowest when constant-rate infusion was used or when variable-rate infusion peaked during the late activity-early rest span of the recipients. The circadian pattern of variable-rate infusion also determined the antitumor activity in @entity5 -bearing @entity35 . At a therapeutic dose level and at identical dose intensity, the variable-rate-infusion pattern, with peak drug flow during the late activity-early rest span, resulted in significantly greater delay in @entity5 growth than was observed with either the constant-rate infusion or other variable-rate patterns. We conclude that the @entity137 and antitumor activity of FUDR depend on the circadian timing of the infusion peak when the drug is given by variable-rate infusion. Since some of the circadian-shaped infusions studied are toxicologically and therapeutically inferior to constant-rate infusion, the circadian pattern and not the quasi-intermittency of circadian FUDR administration is primarily responsible for these pharmacodynamic differences.

title: Determination of the therapeutic index of XXXX by its circadian infusion pattern.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine']

answer: @entity10049 :: (MESH:D005467,Chemical) :: ['floxuridine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating @entity5 cells (CTC) are receiving increasing attention as prognostic, predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers in @entity5 @entity1 . However, their clinical significance can be dependent on an accurate determination of CTC around cut-off values at low cell counts (<10 cells/7.5 ml). Consequently, we have conducted method validation of the CellSearch    system focusing on clinical samples containing CTC in the cut-off region. METHODS: Analytical accuracy was first assessed employing quality controls (QC) and spiked healthy volunteer blood specimens. Results were analysed by b-expectation tolerance intervals (BETI). @entity2246 (6 different readers) was then characterised in 38 different @entity1 samples, 68% of which had  <=5 CTC and data were analysed by b-content y-confidence tolerance intervals (BCTI). RESULTS: Results from QCs and spiked blood confirmed a 3-4-fold higher degree of imprecision at the low (48 cells, BETI   =   + 0.288/-0.345, b   =   95%) compared to the high QC (987 cells, BETI   =   +0.065/-0.140, b   =   95%). However, when data for individual analysts were interrogated characteristic systematic errors were detected. In the analysis of @entity1 samples again individual analysts introduced a highly specific error into the interpretation of CTC images, which correlated to the level of training and experience. When readers were selected based on BETI and BCTI results, the high level of between-operator error (up to 170%) observed at CTC of    <=   5 was reduced to   <   30%. CONCLUSIONS: Inter-operator variability in enumeration of CTC at low cell counts can be considerable, but is also potentially avoidable by following simple guidance steps.

title: Method validation of circulating XXXX cell enumeration at low cell counts.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['Inter-operator error']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effect of a new measurement-superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) flow-and anatomic factors on postoperative arterial @entity26 saturation and clinical outcome in @entity1 who underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS). METHODS: We reviewed 19 @entity1 who underwent a BCPS between January 2009 and May 2011 who also had @entity6480 blood flow measurements. Median age was 6 months (range, 2 to 29 months). Body weight was 7.0    1.7 kg. Bilateral SVCs were present in 4. @entity6480 flow was measured at the time of BCPS by a @entity450 (Transonic Systems Inc, Ithaca, NY). @entity6480 flow, preoperative hemodynamics, pulmonary artery size, and clinical outcome were analyzed to determine risk for morbidity and @entity204 . RESULTS: Mean absolute and indexed pre-BCPS @entity6480 flow was 0.65    0.23 L/min and 1.63    0.55 L/min/m(2) or 91.1    30.8 mL/kg/min, respectively. In all but 1 @entity1 , the @entity6480 flow was increased after BCPS from 1.63    0.55 to 1.99    0.57 L/min/m(2) (p = 0.005). There was a significant positive correlation between pre-BCPS and post-BCPS @entity6480 flow (r = 0.627, p = 0.029). Pulmonary artery size correlated with post-BCPS @entity6480 flow (r = 0.560, p = 0.016). Two @entity1 with preoperative @entity6480 flow of below 1.0 L/min/m(2) died or required BCPS takedown. @entity6480 size did not correlate with BCPS flow (r = 0.231, p = 0.356). Univariate analysis indicated pre-BCPS pulmonary artery pressure was a risk factor for low arterial @entity26 saturation ( <= 75%) immediately after BCPS (p = 0.042) and at discharge (p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: A new indicator-low @entity6480 flow, may be a marker for BCPS failure or @entity204 , suggesting that the @entity6480 flow vs size is more important in predicting successful BCPS.

title: Is indexed preoperative superior vena cava blood flow a risk factor in XXXX undergoing bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt?

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Transonic flow probe']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) in Spain continues to present challenges, and problems are exacerbated when there is a lack of coordinated follow-up between levels of care. This paper sets out the protocol for assessing the impact of an integrated management model for the care of @entity1 with @entity1030 . The new model will be evaluated in terms of 1) improvement in the rational utilization of health-care services and 2) benefits reflected in improved health status and quality of life for @entity1 . METHODS/DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study of the effectiveness of a @entity1030 management model called @entity1030 PROCESS. The @entity1 in the study cohorts will be residents of neighborhoods served by two referral hospitals in Barcelona, Spain. One area comprises the intervention group (n = 32,248 @entity1 ) and the other the control group (n = 32,114 @entity1 ). The study will include pre- and post-intervention assessment 18 months after the program goes into effect. Analyses will be on two datasets: clinical and administrative data available for all @entity1 , and clinical assessment information for a cohort of 440 @entity1 sampled randomly from the intervention and control areas. The main endpoints will be the hospitalization rates in the two health-care areas and quality-of-life measures in the two cohorts. DISCUSSION: The @entity1030 PROCESS model foresees the integrated multidisciplinary management of interventions at different levels of the health-care system through coordinated routine clinical practice. It will put into practice diagnostic and treatment procedures that are based on current evidence, multidisciplinary consensus, and efficient use of available resources. Care pathways in this model are defined in terms of @entity1 characteristics, level of disease severity and the presence or absence of exacerbation. The protocol covers the full range of care from primary prevention to treatment of complex cases.

title: Assessment of a primary and tertiary care integrated management model for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Changes due to hormone activity and caval compression by the uterus were noted in venous hemodynamics of the lower limbs during pregnancy. The purpose of the study was to search for a possible incidence of these modifications on venous inflow ant outflow during @entity349 strain gauge plethysmography (fig. 1). A total of 183 subjects were distributed into 4 groups: (table I) nonpregnant @entity1 of childbearing age (controls = C) and @entity1 of the first (G1), second (G2) and third (G3) trimesters of gestation. @entity1 with a history of @entity3527 or pronounced varicosis were excluded. The figures for @entity1211 (table II, III et IV) (delta V) were 3.2 (C), 3.1 (G1), 2.64 (G2) and 2.04 (G3). There was a significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in G3 (and left-sided G2) delta V compared to that of controls. Maximum venous outflow (MVO) was 125.3 (G1), 123.7 (G2) and 123.5 (G3), showing no significant difference with controls (125.1). It is concluded that no significant change in MVO occurred during pregnancy, whereas there was a decrease in delta approximately greater than V during the third trimester. These results suggest that the latter parameter should not be considered as a criterion for diagnosis of @entity3527 in the pregnant @entity1 .

title: [Study of venous inflow and outflow using XXXX gauge venous occlusion plethysmography during pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous filling']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: The relative importance of active and passive transport processes in the clearing of @entity972 released from active neurons was estimated Extracellular @entity972 activity [K+]0 was measured with ion-selective microelectrodes in the sensory area of the neocortex and in lumbosacral spinal cord of @entity468 . Transient elevation of [K+]0 was evoked in cortex by stimulation of VPL and in spinal cord by stimulation of afferent nerves. The rate with which excess [K+]0 was cleared was either feebly or not at all influenced by variation of the intensity and frequency of stimulation. The half-decay times of [K+]0 were however prolonged when the duration of stimulus trains was increased. Only small differences were seen in the rate of decay of [K+]0 transients recorded at different locations within the gray matter; the shortest half-decay times occurred where K+ responses were largest. The different profiles of distribution of delta [K+]0 in response to stimulation of the cortical surface and of VPL nucleus were mapped. As in spinal cord also in cortex the distribution of the evoked sustained shifts of electric potential mirrored the distribution of [K+]0 transients. The rate at which K+ could diffuse out of volume sources similar in magnitude to the volumes of distribution of [K+]0 responses in gray matter were calculated. The observed half-decay times of [K+]0 transients were more than a hundred times shorter than those calculated for diffusion either in spinal cord or in cortex. Intravenous administration of @entity34012 was shown to retard the clearing of [K+]0 and caused an elevation of the unstimulated [K+]0 baseline. @entity410 were frequently induced by @entity34012 when the [K+]0 baseline was only slightly elevated, and the occurrence of @entity410 was not associated with a definable threshold level of [K+]0. It is concluded that active reuptake is the principal mechanism of the clearing of [K+]0 released by neurons. Redistribution of K+ by diffusion must have been negligible under the conditions of these experiments, but may be more important when only a few neurons release K+ amongst many inactive cells. Considerations of a glial transport network are probably inconsequential for theories of the generation of @entity410 .

title: The clearing of excess XXXX from extracellular space in spinal cord and cerebral cortex.

entities_list: @entity34012 :: ('MESH:D004073', 'Chemical') :: ['digitoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is the most deadly of @entity5 . @entity3 affects one third of @entity1 at diagnosis with a further third developing @entity3 after extirpative surgery. Heterogeneity in the clinical course ensures predicting @entity3 is notoriously difficult, despite the routine use of prognostic clinico-pathological parameters in risk stratification. With greater understanding of pathways involved in disease pathogenesis, a number of biomarkers have been shown to have prognostic significance, including Ki67, @entity876 , @entity6758 ( @entity6758 ) and ligand D ( @entity9205 ), @entity4245 and @entity19099 . Previous pathway analysis has been from study of the primary @entity5 , with little attention to the @entity5 which are the focus of targeted molecular therapies. As such, in this study a tissue microarray from 177 @entity1 with primary @entity703 , @entity703 thrombus and/or @entity1358 @entity3 has been created and used with Automated Quantitative Analysis (AQUA) of immunofluorescence to study the prognostic significance of these markers in locally advanced and @entity3 . Furthermore, this has allowed assessment of differential protein expression between the primary @entity5 , @entity703 thrombi and @entity3 . The results demonstrate that clinico-pathological parameters remain the most significant predictors of @entity5 specific survival; however, high @entity6758 or @entity9205 can predict poor @entity5 specific survival on univariate analysis for locally advanced and @entity3 . There was significantly greater expression of Ki67, @entity876 , @entity6758 , @entity19099 and @entity4245 in the @entity3 compared with the primary @entity5 and @entity703 thrombi. With the exception of @entity876 , these differences in protein expression have not been shown previously in @entity1358 . This confirms the importance of proliferation, angiogenesis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis and @entity3 of @entity1358 . Importantly, this work highlights the need for further pathway analysis of @entity5 for overcoming drug resistance and developing new therapies.

title: Differential expression of prognostic proteomic markers in primary @entity5 , @entity5 thrombus and metastatic XXXX tissue and correlation with @entity1 outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urological malignancies', 'metastatic tumours', 'tumours', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastatic disease', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity6758 :: ('2321', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1', 'VEGFR1']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumour', 'renal vein tumour']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To observe the effects of recombinant @entity1 @entity10120 ( @entity26313 ) on the radiosensitivity of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: First, 10 @entity519 -positive cases of pathology-diagnosed @entity1149 selected from 15 @entity1 were used to determine the normalization window, a period during which @entity26313 improves @entity1149 . Second, 50 @entity519 -positive cases of pathology-diagnosed @entity1149 (Stages I-III) were randomly divided into a @entity26313 plus radiotherapy group (25 cases) and a radiotherapy-alone group (25 cases). Intensity = modulated radiotherapy with a total dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions for 6 weeks was adopted in the two groups. The target area included primary foci and metastatic lymph nodes. In the @entity26313 plus radiotherapy group, @entity26313 (15 mg/day) was intravenously given during the normalization window. RESULTS: After @entity26313 administration, the @entity5 -to=normal tissue radioactivity ratio and capillary permeability surface were first decreased and then increased, with their lowest points on the fifth day compared with the first day (all p < 0.01). Blood flow was first increased and then decreased, with the highest point on the fifth day, compared with the first and tenth day (all p  < 0.01). In the @entity26313 plus radiotherapy group and the radiotherapy-alone group, the total effective rates (complete response plus partial response) were 80% and 44% (p = 0.009), respectively. The median survival times were 21.1    0.97 months and 16.5    0.95 months (p    = 0.004), respectively. The 1-year and 2-year local control rates were 78.9    8.4% and 68.1    7.8% (p = 0.027) and 63.6    7.2% and 43.4    5.7% (p = 0.022), respectively. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 83.3    7.2% and 76.6    9.3% (p = 0.247) and 46.3    2.4% and 37.6    9.1% (p = 0.218), respectively. CONCLUSION: The @entity26313 normalization window is within about 1 week after administration. @entity26313 combined with radiotherapy within the normalization window has better short-term therapeutic effects and local control rates and no severe adverse reactions in the treatment of @entity1149 , but it failed to significantly improve the 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates.

title: Effect of recombinant @entity1 XXXX on radiosensitivity in @entity1 with @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'NSCLC hypoxia', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity10120 :: (80781,Gene) :: ['endostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early anthropometric and metabolic changes during a caloric restricted diet in @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 , and correlations between these factors with activity in brain areas involved in processing of visual food related stimuli, were investigated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An eight week prospective intervention study of 18 healthy postmenopausal @entity1 , with a BMI of 30-35   kg/m(2). The first two weeks subjects were on an isocaloric diet, four weeks on a 1000   kcal restricted diet followed by two weeks on an isocaloric diet. Anthropometric and laboratory analyses were performed weekly during the isocaloric diet and three times a week during the caloric restricted diet. fMRI scans were obtained before and after the caloric restriction in four separate sessions (fasting or sated). Generalized Estimating Equations analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS: A mean @entity353 of 4.2  0.5   kg (4.8%) and a 4.2  0.4   cm decline in waist circumference were achieved. In the first week of caloric restriction triglyceride, leptin, resistin and @entity1254 levels as well as systolic blood pressure decreased and @entity10116 levels increased. During and after @entity353 a significant increase in ghrelin levels was observed. Before @entity353 increased activation of the right amygdala was seen in response to food stimuli, and @entity6334 and @entity413 correlated with activity in various areas involved in food reward processing. After @entity353 fasting ghrelin and sated leptin levels correlated with activity in these areas. CONCLUSION: Already in the first week of caloric restriction in @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 various favourable metabolic changes occur before clinically relevant @entity353 is achieved. Activity in the amygdala region, and correlations of metabolic factors with activity in brain areas involved in food reward processing, differ substantially before and after @entity353 .International Journal of Obesity accepted article preview online, 24 May 2016. doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.103.

title: Acute and short term effects of caloric restriction on metabolic profile and brain activation in XXXX , postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Flavored e-cigarette use has risen rapidly, especially among young adults who also smoke cigarettes. We sought to determine whether flavoring enhances the subjective rewarding value, relative reinforcing value, and absolute reinforcing value of an e-cigarette with @entity1239 compared to an unflavored e-cigarette with @entity1239 . METHODS: Using a within-subjects design, young adult smokers (n=32) participated in three @entity1 laboratory sessions. Session 1 evaluated the rewarding value of flavoring by having @entity1 rate unflavored and flavored e-cigarettes with @entity1239 . Session 2 assessed the relative reinforcing value of a flavored vs unflavored e-cigarette via a choice task that evaluated the willingness to "work" to hit targets on a computer screen to earn flavored or unflavored e-cigarette puffs. Session 3 measured the absolute reinforcing value of flavored versus unflavored e-cigarettes via a 90-min ad-libitum vaping session where puffs from each e-cigarette were counted. RESULTS: Subjective reward value was higher for the flavored versus the unflavored e-cigarette (b=0.83, CI 0.35-1.32, p=0.001). @entity1 worked harder for flavored e-cigarette puffs versus unflavored e-cigarette puffs (breakpoint=5.7; 597 responses versus 127 responses; b=460.733, CI 246.58-674.88, p<0.0001). @entity1 took twice as many flavored puffs than unflavored e-cigarette puffs (40 vs 23 puffs; @entity12623 =2.028, CI 1.183-3.475, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Flavoring enhances the rewarding and reinforcing value of e-cigarettes with @entity1239 , and thus their abuse liability in young adult smokers. Further research is necessary to determine whether the use of flavoring in e-cigarettes impacts cigarette smoking behavior among young adults.

title: The impact of flavoring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of e-cigarettes with XXXX among young adult smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the association between @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) and @entity1374 is well recognized, the cause of this condition is not known. METHODS: Hospital records of @entity1 with @entity1467 and @entity1375 referred to our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Initial thyroid hormone and @entity7287 (TSH) levels, age at admission, initial anthropometric measurements, age at the beginning of therapy, initial @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) doses, time to normalization of the thyroid function tests, and @entity2016 dose at last visit were recorded. Thyroid ultrasound imaging was used to measure the size of the gland. Descriptive data were expressed as mean  SD values. Skewed data were shown as median and interquartile ranges (IQR). RESULTS: There were 62 @entity1 with @entity1467 (32 male and 30 female). Median TSH level at the first visit was 10.40 (19.4)   IU/mL and median free T4 level was 1.18 (0.43) ng/dL. There was no statistical difference in terms of age, hormone and antibody levels, thyroid volume and @entity2016 doses between @entity1 and @entity1 . Thyroid volumes of 54 @entity1 were measured. Only nine of these @entity1 had a normal-sized thyroid gland. Median total thyroid volume was 0.89 (2.07) mL. Thyroid volume was negatively correlated to @entity2016 dose at last visit (p=0.006, r=-0.387). CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of @entity16490 in @entity1 with @entity1467 and @entity1375 . This association has not been reported before. Further studies investigating the thyroid gland size in these @entity1 need to be performed to confirm the results.

title: Profile of @entity1375 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome", 'DS']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down's syndrome']


abstract: @entity6923 is uncommon. We reviewed our experience with this disease from the infectious disease unit, Auckland Hospital, between 1982 and 1988, because many of these @entity1 are referred to us. We then selected 11 of them to highlight particular presentations, diagnostic or management issues. We included both compromised and noncompromised @entity1 from medical and surgical services. @entity5132 was the most common cause, but we also saw @entity1 infected with @entity7408 , @entity7409 , and @entity9841 and present them to exemplify their different clinical presentations. Demonstrable fungaemia is uncommon in @entity1 with @entity6923 , serological techniques are both insensitive and nonspecific and @entity1 are often too ill from underlying disease to allow for invasive diagnostic procedures. Thus diagnosis is often difficult. Parenteral @entity2379 with or without @entity4895 is still the main antifungal treatment. @entity10998 antifungals may change that in the future. @entity6923 retains a high mortality: careful individualised management of @entity1 may improve mortality and morbidity.

title: The spectrum of XXXX at Auckland Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['C tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic candidiasis', 'systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['Triazole']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

answer: @entity6923 :: (MESH:C536777,Disease) :: ['systemic candidiasis']


abstract: Over a 2-year period 1,116 @entity1 admitted to an urban teaching hospital were studied prospectively. The overall group was analysed as to the nature of the injury and a subgroup of seriously injured @entity1 was identified and further analysed. All @entity204 were examined as to their cause and possible preventable as well as salvageable factors. The predictive value of the @entity130 Score (T.S.) and Method of Injury (M.O.I.) were evaluated for their prospective prediction of @entity130 as determined by the Injury Severity Score and outcome. Most of the @entity1 were not seriously injured, with the most common injury being due to a fall (57%) and involving a single injury to the upper limb. With the subgroup of 143 @entity1 (13% of the total) who suffered serious injuries, the @entity129 (90%) was the most common site of injury, occurring most often in pedestrians (31% of the total injured). There were 16 @entity204 in the series, representing 1.4% of all paediatric @entity130 admissions and 11% of the admissions who were seriously injured. All @entity204 were related to motor vehicle accidents and associated with serious @entity542 . A @entity130 Score less than or equal to 12 accurately included all @entity204 but when correlated with the I.S.S., the @entity130 Score had a specificity of 99% and a positive predictive value of 86%; its sensitivity was only 27%. The Method of Injury was associated with an overtriage rate of 300% in relation to the I.S.S.. Of @entity1 admitted following pedal cycle accidents only 9% were wearing helmets. Of car occupants injured, 39% were unrestrained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Urban XXXX : an analysis of 1,116 paediatric cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial cavity']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'serious injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility and efficacy of @entity31728 in the management of @entity1713 secondary to severe @entity6 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity1713 were entered into the study at nine participating clinical centers. @entity31728 ( @entity31728 ) was used as an adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy and membranectomy. RESULTS: Preoperative diagnoses included combined traction and rhegmatogenous @entity1713 in 23 eyes (57.5%), traction @entity1713 in 13 eyes (32.5%), and recurrent rhegmatogenous @entity1713 in 4 eyes (10). @entity548 was present in 17 eyes (42.5%). Preoperative visual acuity ranged from light perception or hand motion in 28 eyes (70%) to 5/200 or greater in 12 eyes (30%). @entity31728 was primarily used to flatten the retina following relaxing @entity735 (30%), to displace subretinal fluid in a posterior-to-anterior direction without performing a drainage @entity735 (37.5%), and to manage intraoperative complications such as iatrogenic tears in 8 (20%) and @entity2479 in 5 eyes (12.5%). The retina flattened intraoperatively in all cases, facilitating administration of laser photocoagulation. @entity1 were followed for a minimum of six months (mean 13.2 months). At last follow up, the macula remained attached in 37 eyes (92.5%), including 31 (77.5%) in which the retina was totally attached. The retina remained detached in 3 eyes (7.5%). Visual acuity improved postoperatively in 20 @entity1 (50%), was unchanged in 13 @entity1 (32.5%), and worsened in 7 @entity1 (17.5%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity31728 is a useful and effective intraoperative tool for the management of complex @entity1713 secondary to severe @entity6 .

title: The adjunctive use of XXXX ( @entity31728 ) in @entity6 vitrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dialysis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['retinotomy in 12 eyes', 'retinotomy in 15 eyes']

entities_list: @entity31728 :: ('MESH:C047722', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene', 'Vitreon', 'Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene']

answer: @entity31728 :: (MESH:C047722,Chemical) :: ['perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene']


abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a study conducted to determine the possibility of performing colonoscopy without medication, elucidate the factors related to a painful colonoscopy experience and compare colonoscopy @entity1 ' reported @entity158 assessment to nurses' and endoscopists' observations. BACKGROUND: Sedation and @entity158 medication are routinely administered for colonoscopies in many countries. However, medication-free colonoscopies have attracted attention because the use of medication requires a time commitment from @entity1 and increases complications. Earlier studies show that, for instance, gender, age and pelvic operations may increase the risk of painful colonoscopy and those healthcare professionals and @entity1 appear to assess @entity158 differently. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a Finnish university hospital using questionnaires developed for this study and analysed statistically. The sample of 138 colonoscopy @entity1 , 11 nurses and 11 endoscopists was recruited in 2006. RESULTS: Over three-quarters of @entity1 reported mild @entity158 or no @entity158 at all. @entity1 ' nervousness is a risk factor for experiencing @entity158 during colonoscopy. Both nurses and endoscopists slightly underestimated the intensity of @entity158 experienced by @entity1 . CONCLUSION: It is possible to perform colonoscopy without medication with most @entity1 and focus sedation and @entity158 medication on at-risk @entity1 , especially those who are nervous. Before the procedure, nurses must devote time to discovering which @entity1 are nervous and at risk of having a painful colonoscopy to present them for sedation. To improve @entity158 management for @entity1 having colonoscopy, endoscopists and nurses should participate systematically in @entity158 education and use @entity158 scales.

title: Medication-free colonoscopy--factors related to XXXX and its assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']