abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab+ @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in Japanese @entity1 with early @entity309 ( @entity309 ) who had not previously received @entity1500 or biologics. METHODS: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study evaluated adalimumab 40 mg every other week+ @entity1500 6-8 mg every week versus @entity1500 6-8 mg every week alone for 26 weeks in @entity1 with @entity309 ( <=2-year duration). The primary endpoint was inhibition of radiographic progression (change (/\) from baseline in modified total Sharp score (mTSS)) at week 26. RESULTS: A total of 171 @entity1 received adalimumab+ @entity1500 (mean dose, 6.2  0.8 mg/week) and 163 @entity1 received @entity1500 alone (mean dose, 6.6  0.6 mg/week, p<0.001). The mean @entity309 duration was 0.3 years and 315 (94.3%) had high disease activity (DAS28>5.1). Adalimumab+ @entity1500 significantly inhibited radiographic progression at week 26 versus @entity1500 alone (/\mTSS, 1.5  6.1 vs 2.4  3.2, respectively; p<0.001). Significantly more @entity1 in the adalimumab+ @entity1500 group (62.0%) did not show radiographic progression (/\mTSS <=0.5) versus the @entity1500 alone group (35.4%; p<0.001). @entity1 treated with adalimumab+ @entity1500 were significantly more likely to achieve American College of Rheumatology responses and achieve clinical remission, using various definitions, at 26 weeks versus @entity1500 alone. Combination therapy was well tolerated, and no new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Adalimumab in combination with low-dose @entity1500 was well tolerated and efficacious in suppressing radiographic progression and improving clinical outcomes in Japanese @entity1 with early @entity309 and high disease activity.

title: Adalimumab, a human anti-TNF monoclonal antibody, outcome study for the prevention of joint damage in Japanese @entity1 with early XXXX : the HOPEFUL 1 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: A surface loop (25/50-kDa loop) near the @entity377 pocket of @entity3999 has been proposed to be an important element in determining the rate of @entity857 release from @entity3999 , and as a consequence, the rate of actin- @entity3999 filament sliding (Spudich, J. A. (1991) Nature 372, 515-518). To test this hypothesis, loops derived from different @entity3999 II isoforms that display a range of actin filament sliding velocities were inserted into a smooth muscle @entity3999 backbone. Chimeric myosins were produced by baculovirus/Sf9 cell expression. Although the nature of this loop affected the rate of @entity857 release (up to 9-fold), in vitro motility (2.7-fold), and the Vmax of actin-activated ATPase activity (up to 2-fold), the properties of each chimera did not correlate with the relative speed of the @entity3999 from which the loop was derived. Rather, the rate of @entity857 release was a function of loop size/flexibility with the larger loops giving faster rates of @entity857 release. The rate of actin filament translocation was altered by the rate of @entity857 release, but was not solely determined by it. Through a combination of solute quenching and transient fluorescence measurements, it is concluded that, as the loop gets smaller, access to the @entity377 pocket is more restricted, @entity855 binding becomes less favored, and @entity857 binding becomes more favored. In addition, the rate of @entity855 hydrolysis is slowed.

title: Kinetic tuning of @entity3999 via a flexible loop adjacent to the XXXX binding pocket.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent biochemical diagnostic guidelines for @entity9608 require demonstration of @entity4053 with inappropriately elevated (nonsuppressed) insulin, C-peptide, or @entity2690 , but these criteria may overlap with those in @entity1 without @entity9608 . Use of an "amended" insulin- @entity413 ratio that accounts for the normal variation in insulin secretion according to prevailing glycemia may improve diagnostic accuracy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of current diagnostic guideline criteria with the amended insulin- @entity413 ratio in @entity1 with a suspected @entity9608 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: 2 specialized university departments in Germany. @entity1 : 114 @entity1 with suspected @entity4053 over 10 years having diagnostic prolonged fasts. MEASUREMENTS: @entity413 , insulin, C-peptide, and the amended insulin- @entity413 ratio were measured during and at discontinuation of prolonged fasts. RESULTS: Of 114 @entity1 who were evaluated, 49 had surgical resection of histologically confirmed @entity9608 . @entity9608 was excluded in 65 @entity1 ; follow-up for a mean of 10 years (range, 0 to 16 years) showed no progressively severe hypoglycemic events or diagnoses of @entity9608 . @entity1 with @entity9608 had lower @entity413 levels and higher insulin and C-peptide levels overall than did control @entity1 at the end of prolonged fasts, but there was considerable overlap. The amended insulin- @entity413 ratio correctly identified 48 of 49 @entity1 with @entity9608 and excluded the diagnosis in 64 of 65 control @entity1 , resulting in positive and negative predictive values of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.00) and 0.99 (CI, 0.92 to 1.00), respectively, compared with 0.75 (CI, 0.63 to 0.85) and 0.98 (CI, 0.89 to 1.00), respectively, for @entity413 , insulin, and C-peptide concentration criteria. LIMITATION: The study had a retrospective design, no @entity2690 concentrations were available, and a nonspecific insulin immunoassay (crossreactive with @entity2690 ) was used. CONCLUSION: The amended insulin- @entity413 ratio showed improved diagnostic accuracy over established criteria that use @entity413 , insulin, and C-peptide concentrations. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of an "amended" insulin- XXXX ratio for the biochemical diagnosis of @entity9608 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Insulinoma', 'insulinoma', 'insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity5 is a life-threatening illness, there is no excretory profile that is predictive of @entity5 . Reliable prediction of malignant behavior on the basis of histopathology is also notoriously difficult. Although DNA ploidy can be a helpful indicator, aneuploidy per se is not considered to be a specific marker of @entity5 . Mutations in @entity876 have been reported to occur frequently in cases of @entity1911 . Thus, molecular analysis of this protein is not a useful diagnostic tool. The authors analyzed telomerase activity in benign and malignant @entity1911 and assessed its utility as a prognostic marker. METHODS: Telomerase activity was estimated in 16 benign @entity1911 , 3 malignant @entity1911 , and 16 normal adrenal medullae by the fluorescence-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol. The telomerase activities of each group of samples were compared. RESULTS: No telomerase activity was detected in any of the normal adrenal medullae or the benign @entity1911 . By contrast, all of the three malignant @entity1911 had elevated telomerase activity. The telomerase activity in each @entity5 was determined to be 87.6 units, 71.2 units, and 180.3 units, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of telomerase activity in @entity1911 clearly suggests the malignant behavior of the component cells. Analysis of telomerase activity appears to be a powerful tool for the diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: Elevated levels of telomerase activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant pheochromocytoma', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['benign pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant pheochromocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concurrent radiochemotherapy and altered radiotherapy fractionation are under thorough investigation in locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The efficacy and tolerance of hypofractionated accelerated radiochemotherapy supported with high dose (up to 1000 mg daily) amifostine cytoprotection (hypoARC) was examined in 31 @entity1 . Fifteen fractions of 3.5 Gy were delivered within 28-35 days. Liposomal @entity632 and @entity901 were concurrently given. RESULTS: A total of 65% of @entity1 tolerated a daily @entity8503 dose of 750-1000 mg. Chemotherapy had an excellent tolerance. Grade 3 @entity354 was noted in 7/31 (22.5%) @entity1 . @entity1207 was absent and radiation @entity82 minimal. Complete and partial response were observed in 12/31 (38.6%) and 17/31 (54.8%) @entity1 , respectively. The 2-year estimated local progression-free and overall survival interval were 58% and 45%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Given the simplicity of HypoARC, the very low morbidity, and the high complete response and survival rates obtained, HypoARC regimens deserve further testing.

title: Hypofractionated accelerated radiochemotherapy with cytoprotection (Chemo-HypoARC) for inoperable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: As a possible diagnostic marker for @entity195 ( @entity195 ), we investigated beta-amyloid protein ( @entity26673 ) immunoreactivity in skin. Furthermore, we studied the presence of beta-amyloid precursor protein 695 immunoreactivity in skin. DESIGN: Lifetime skin biopsy specimens were stained for @entity26673 and beta-amyloid precursor protein 695. The follow-up period was 12 months. We determined the correlation between @entity26673 immunoreactivity in skin and brain in @entity1 with a neuropathologic diagnosis. SETTING: All @entity1 with @entity303 were hospitalized; most of them had moderate to severe @entity303 . Aged nondemented controls were residents of a nursing home. The @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) group included both hospitalized and ambulatory @entity1 . Young nondemented controls were medical students or staff members who volunteered for the study. @entity1 AND OTHER @entity1 : The study included a total of 111 subjects. Thirty-five @entity1 had probable @entity195 , nine had possible @entity195 , 15 had @entity9398 , one had @entity191 , and one had @entity191 and possible @entity195 . There were also 19 elderly nondemented controls, 23 @entity1 with @entity1467 , and eight young nondemented controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immunohistochemical detection of @entity26673 in skin and correlation to the diagnosis of @entity195 . RESULTS: Immunopositivity for @entity26673 antibody was present in and around the endothelium of dermal blood vessels in a proportion of @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity9398 as well as elderly controls. The @entity1 with @entity195 displayed @entity26673 immunoreactivity significantly more frequently than did @entity1 with @entity195 , @entity1 with @entity9398 , and controls. The @entity26673 immunopositivity in skin was rare in the @entity1 with @entity1467 and not present in young controls. Instead, 48% of @entity1 with @entity1467 but none of other groups had beta-amyloid precursor protein 695 immunoreactivity in skin. Only four (31%) of 13 @entity1 with neuropathologically confirmed @entity195 had shown endothelial @entity26673 immunopositivity in skin biopsy specimens while alive. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support @entity26673 as a diagnostic marker for @entity195 .

title: beta-Amyloid protein immunoreactivity in skin is not a reliable marker of XXXX . An autopsy-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity9398 :: ('MESH:D015161', 'Disease') :: ['multi-infarct dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome", 'DS']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['familial AD', 'sporadic AD', 'AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: @entity82 is a condition in which normal skeletal bone changes into fibroblastic stroma and immature bone. We report our experience of a unilateral external fixator applied for the treatment of @entity4262 arising in the elbow. The @entity1 was a 38 year-old @entity1 . His main complaint was @entity158 and a mass, which increased in size. The histological diagnosis from the needle biopsy was @entity82 . An articulated unilateral external fixator was used for immobilization. The lesions in the left distal humerus and proximal ulna were curetted and cancellous bone was packed into the cavity. An external fixator (Elbow Fixator, Orthofix Inc., McKinney, USA) was applied from the proximal humeral shaft to the distal ulnar shaft for postoperative tentative immobilization and preservation of the affected @entity717 . At two years after the operation, the range of motion of the affected elbow was 90 degrees in flexion and -35 degrees in extension. The range of motion in pronation and supination of the left forearm was normal. No evidence of recurrence was noted at two years after surgery. The merits of using an external fixator were: an earlier start of range of motion exercises, and a decrease in the risk of @entity5 dissemination.

title: Operative treatment by external fixation for XXXX in the elbow joint. A case report.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia', 'Fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['polyostotic fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['left elbow pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joint movement']

answer: @entity4262 :: (MESH:D005359,Disease) :: ['polyostotic fibrous dysplasia']


abstract: In an effort to improve results in @entity1 with relapsed or @entity978 ( @entity978 ), an intensive regimen combining @entity1206 (25 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 5) and high-doses of @entity1260 (3000 mg/m2/d, days 1-4 by continuous infusion) with mesna uroprotection and @entity1261 support was designed. Forty-seven @entity1 were treated; 14 had failure to initial induction therapy and 33 had disease relapsed from an initial response. The response rate was 83%, with 21 complete (45%, CR) and 18 partial remissions (38%, PR). Partial response was achieved after a median of two cycles (range 1-3) and CR after a median of six cycles (range 2-10). At the end of @entity1260 and @entity1206 , 10 @entity1 in CR, one in PR, and one with stable disease also received radiotherapy to nodal sites of relapse. Eleven @entity1 who had undergone peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvesting following @entity1260 - @entity1206 proceeded to receive high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and PBSC transplantation. The main toxic effect was grade III-IV @entity1398 , documented in 65% of cycles with a median duration of 4 days, and non-haematological @entity137 was mild. The combination of high-doses of @entity1260 and @entity1206 was well tolerated and an active regimen in treatment of @entity1 with relapsed and refractory @entity978 . It was not only useful as salvage therapy with or without consolidative radiotherapy but it also was a valuable induction regimen before high-dose intensification therapy followed by PBSC reinfusion in @entity1 eligible for this approach.

title: High-dose XXXX and @entity1206 as salvage therapy for relapsed or @entity978 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "refractory Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry was established in 1989 to collect data on @entity600 after pregnancy exposures to antiretroviral therapy. Using Registry data, this study estimates the @entity600 risk after pregnancy exposures to @entity5195 / @entity486 . METHODS: The analysis population includes all prospective @entity5195 / @entity486 -exposed pregnancies enrolled in the Registry from September 2000 through July 2007. @entity600 prevalence after pregnancy exposure is compared with rates from a population-based surveillance system, and first-trimester exposures are compared with combined second/third-trimester exposures. RESULTS: Among 955 live births prenatally exposed to @entity5195 / @entity486 , 23 cases with @entity600 were reported [2.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5 to 3.6). Among 267 live births with first-trimester exposures, 5 had @entity600 (1.9%, 95% CI = 0.6 to 4.3). These rates are similar to the population-based comparator rate of 2.67% and the rate in @entity1 with second/third-trimester exposures (2.6%, 95% CI = 1.6 to 4.1). No pattern of @entity600 suggestive of a common etiology was seen. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity600 among @entity1 prenatally exposed to @entity5195 / @entity486 is not significantly different from internal or external comparison groups. These data provide reassuring information to @entity1 and clinicians about the safety of @entity5195 / @entity486 in the treatment of @entity645 -positive pregnant @entity1 .

title: XXXX / @entity486 in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect', 'Birth defect', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity5195 :: ('MESH:D061466', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

answer: @entity5195 :: (MESH:D061466,Chemical) :: ['Lopinavir']


abstract: The incidence of @entity17558 and 13q12-q14 abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) was determined by conventional cytogenetics and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In the analysis of 580 consecutive @entity1 , @entity17558 was detected by conventional cytogenetics in 39 cases (9%) and 117 cases (20%) by FISH. @entity17558 was shown to be associated with advanced clinical stage, atypical morphology, and higher proliferative activity. Combined immunophenotyping and FISH showed that @entity17558 was present only in a proportion of the clonal B-cells. These data suggest that @entity17558 is a secondary event associated with features of disease progression. Sequential FISH showed clonal progression of the trisomic clone over time. Three hundred @entity1 also were investigated for 13q deletions using FISH analysis of the @entity996 locus (13q14). Monoallelic @entity996 deletion was seen in 104 (34%) of cases. One case had a homozygous deletion in 90% of the cells. Dual-color FISH detected the presence of @entity17558 and @entity996 in 17 (5%) cases. DNA probes for 13q12.3 ( @entity2674 ) and 13q14 ( @entity996 and DBM locus) were used in 35 cases. Twenty-eight (80%) cases showed deletion of a 1Mb 13q12.3 encompassing the @entity2674 locus, whereas 22/35 (63%) were deleted at 13q14. Our data suggest that abnormalities of 13q are more frequent than @entity17558 in @entity1072 and provide evidence for the presence of a new candidate gene at 13q12.3 that may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1072 .

title: Interphase cytogenetics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: We investigated whether erythrocyte aggregation (EA) is enhanced in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 who have developed @entity532 . EA rates at high and low shear rates were analysed in 141 @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 who were further divided into 4 subgroups according to the status of @entity6 complications and degree of metabolic control. Groups 1 (n = 43) and 2 (n = 23) consisted of well-controlled @entity1 without and with clinically evident late complications, while groups 3 (n = 33) and 4 (n = 42) represented poorly controlled @entity1 without and with these complications, respectively. 124 healthy subjects served as the control group. Mean EA rate was comparable between control subjects and group 1 both at high (2.05 +/- 0.03 vs. 2.14 +/- 0.07, respectively) and low (6.96 +/- 0.02 vs. 7.04 +/- 0.06, respectively) shear rates. Mean EA rate was also comparable between groups 2 and 4 at high (2.76 +/- 0.09 vs. 2.94 +/- 0.07, respectively) and low (8.18 +/- 0.13 vs. 8.41 +/- 0.1, respectively) shear rates. However, EA at both shear rates in groups 2 and 4 were significantly higher than control subjects, group 1 (p < 0.0001) and group 3 (high shear rate EA: 2.76 +/- 0.09 and low shear rate EA: 7.48 +/- 0.07 (p < 0.01). In group 3, EA rates were significantly higher than control subjects and group 1 (p < 0.05) at both shear rates. No significant correlation was found between EA at high and low shear rates and @entity2002 levels in @entity6 subgroups and control subjects. The data suggest that @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 who had developed clinically evident late complications have enhanced EA regardless of the degree of metabolic control. Whether enhanced EA is a primary phenomenon contributing to the development of these complications or it occurs secondary to their development remains to be clarified.

title: Enhanced erythrocyte aggregation in type 2 XXXX with late complications.

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular or macrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity53303 , @entity53303 , has had a seminal role in our current understanding of how to prevent chemical risks to health. Early toxicological studies showed its special impact on the testes, and detection of its mutagenic potency was soon followed by demonstration of its carcinogenicity to animals. Its commercial use as a useful nematocide ignored, at first, these warnings from the laboratory. When production workers, first in California and then in Israel, found they were sterile as a result of their exposure, this was convincing evidence that prevention had failed. The evidence, azospermia, @entity6660 , and gonadotrophin response to @entity16 , were found first in production workers. In agricultural applicators in California who used the material, decreased sperm count and increased gonadotrophin levels were found. While production in California, Texas, and Israel was halted, studies continued and so, it seems, did use. Our first Israeli study was of workers on banana crops, and we found convincing evidence of @entity2208 in their family histories. Follow-up studies among production workers in Israel showed that some recovered testicular function, but among their offspring, otherwise in good health, there was a predominance of females. Those who did not recover from azospermia were those with high levels of follicle stimulating hormone. However data for production workers did not show @entity2208 . Nor have any studies so far shown @entity600 or increased @entity1 mortality. Unfavorable reproductive outcomes can be due to other agents, as shown by sprayers in Dutch orchards having hypofecundity (increased interpregnancy period) and sex ratio changes; but the agents responsible have not yet been identified. These experiences have lead to the general acceptance of some implications: (1) Paternal exposures can lead to a variety of unfavorable effects on reproductive outcome, including infertility, @entity2208 , and altered sex ratio. (2) Patterns of effects of potent agents in production workers and in applicators or users of chemicals may differ. (3) Although @entity1 @entity105 has not yet been confirmed, unfavorable reproductive outcomes are a reasonable early indicator of such risk. (4) Shifts in sex ratios of populations may be a subtle sign of more serious risks. (5) Continued use of an agent such as this under circumstances in which these UROs cannot be prevented is unconscionable.

title: XXXX : epidemiological findings and current questions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['increased spontaneous abortion', 'spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity53303 :: ('MESH:C007318', 'Chemical') :: ['DBCP', 'Dibromochloropropane']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['testicular damage']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['increased birth defects']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

answer: @entity53303 :: (MESH:C007318,Chemical) :: ['Dibromochloropropane']


abstract: As a dose-response relationship has been suggested for @entity900 , it appeared attractive to explore high-dose-intensity regimens in @entity1149 . In a phase I study of weekly administration of @entity900 combined with oral @entity2879 we achieved a @entity900 dose intensity of 52.5-60 mg/m2 per week in most @entity1 . We subsequently explored this regimen in advanced @entity1149 . @entity1 were treated with @entity900 infused at 70 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15 and 29, 36, 43 in combination with oral @entity2879 given at 50 mg on days 1-15 and 29-43. @entity1 showing stable disease or a better response were continued on treatment with oral @entity2879 given at 50 mg/m2 per day on days 1-21 every 28 days for a maximum of four cycles. In all, 22 @entity1 with @entity5 and 31 @entity1 with stage IV disease entered the study. The median number of @entity900 administration was 6 per @entity1 ; 17 @entity1 reached the planned @entity900 dose intensity of 60 mg/m2 per week, 11 @entity1 achieved 52.5 mg/m2 per week, and 7 @entity1 reached 47 mg/m2 per week. Overall, 11 of 21 stage III @entity1 had a partial response [response rate 51%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 36-81%], as did 9 of 28 @entity1 with stage IV disease (32%; 95% CI 15-49%). @entity137 was mainly hematologic, with @entity1431 being the most frequent cause of treatment delay. Nephrotoxicity of grade 1 was observed in seven @entity1 . Two @entity1 developed clinical @entity393 . With this schedule a high median @entity900 dose intensity of 52.5-60 mg/m2 per week was reached. The 51% response rate achieved in @entity5 makes this schedule attractive for further exploration; however, it is not recommended for routine use in stage IV disease.

title: A phase II study of weekly high-dose XXXX combined with oral @entity2879 in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: To understand the mechanism of exaggerated @entity2298 in @entity6 pregnancy, @entity3839 -treated @entity35 receiving a daily insulin supplement were mated with normal males and divided into four groups: i) kept under this regime until the 20th day of gestation ( @entity6684 + II), ii) the same regime until the 12th day of gestation ( @entity6684 ), iii) the insulin treatment was suspended during the first half of gestation (days 0-12) and then restored on a daily basis until the 20th day (DII), and iv) no insulin treatment was given after mating (D). All animals were studied on day 20. Despite increased food intake, maternal conceptus-free body weight was greatly reduced in the D animals as compared with the other groups whose values did not differ. Both the plasma @entity413 and @entity4322 levels were increased more in D than in @entity6684 @entity35 and values in both groups were greater than in the others. Insulin levels showed an opposite trend to that of @entity413 , but the values in @entity6684 + II @entity35 were higher than in untreated intact control @entity35 (C). The plasma @entity412 concentration was highest in the @entity6684 @entity35 , followed by the D group whose values were still significantly higher than in either C or @entity6684 + II @entity35 . Plasma free @entity844 levels were lower in D than in any of the other groups, although they were also lower in @entity6684 + II and @entity6684 than in C animals. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was highest in @entity6684 + II animals and their values were very similar to those found in DII, whereas the values in the C, D and @entity6684 animals were all similar and much lower. Results indicate that reductions in fat accumulation during the first half of gestation impair the activation of lipolytic activity in the severe @entity6 mother during late gestation. During this period lipolysis helps sustain maximal @entity2298 , which develops in animals whose @entity6 was circumscribed to the second half of gestation. In general, our findings show that anabolic changes during the first half of gestation affect metabolic events during late gestation.

title: Different responses to maternal @entity6 during the first and second half of gestation in the @entity3839 -treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1333 with @entity6659 is a rare condition which must be recognized for proper management. We report a case of @entity2883 with @entity2010 and review the literature concerning the clinical and radiological features of this association. We examined the data supporting the efficacy of @entity786 in @entity2010 . @entity2010 is inaugural in 46% of cases. @entity2883 has no distinctive features when associated with @entity2010 . MR imaging reveals an enlargement of the posterior pituitary in 100% of cases. @entity786 is effective in 80% of cases. In @entity2883 , @entity1333 is a rare condition. MR imaging is the most accurate method for pituitary exploration. @entity786 is effective in the treatment of @entity1333 in @entity2883 .

title: [ XXXX and @entity6659 ].

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis lesions', 'pituitary vasculitis', 'Vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity6659 :: ('MESH:D020790', 'Disease') :: ['central diabetes insipidus']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes insipidus', 'diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1413 ( @entity2269 ) is poorly recognized and may be mistaken for other benign or even malignant spindle-cell @entity5 of soft tissue because of the small number of reported cases. DESIGN: Collagenous fibromas resected from four adult @entity1 were studied histologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The @entity5 were well-circumscribed firm masses, measuring from 1.0 to 13.8 cm (mean, 5.5 cm) across the greatest diameter, located in the subcutaneous or deep soft tissue of the shoulder, thigh, back, and neck. Each of the @entity5 was characterized by a paucicellular lesion with spindle- and stellate-shaped fibroblastic cells embedded in a hypovascular, densely fibrous stroma. @entity6578 and @entity39 were not identified. One @entity5 contained @entity730 and metaplastic bone, and another included small foci of floretlike multinucleated giant cells. Although appearing well demarcated on gross examination, one @entity5 focally infiltrated the surrounding skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. On immunohistochemical examination, all of the @entity5 were diffusely positive for @entity2277 . One @entity5 showed focal staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin, and another was partially positive for @entity2283 , a staining profile that is typical of myofibroblasts. No @entity5 recurred during the follow-up periods of 67 to 108 months (mean, 93 months). CONCLUSION: @entity1413 may be a distinctive fibrous soft-tissue @entity5 with benign biological behavior.

title: @entity1413 ( XXXX ): report of four cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic fibroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['Mitotic figures']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic calcification']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['Collagenous fibroma']

answer: @entity2269 :: (MESH:D058405,Disease) :: ['desmoplastic fibroblastoma']


abstract: Studies on dynorphin involvement in @entity302 are summarised in this review. Electrophysiological, biochemical and pharmacological data support the hypothesis that dynorphin is implicated in specific types of @entity410 . There is clear evidence that this is true for complex partial (limbic) @entity410 , i.e. those characteristic of @entity1315 , because; (1) dynorphin is highly expressed in various parts of the limbic system, and particularly in the granule cells of the hippocampus; (2) dynorphin appears to be released in the hippocampus (and in other brain areas) during complex partial @entity410 ; (3) released dynorphin inhibits excitatory neurotransmission at multiple synapses in the hippocampus via activation of kappa opioid receptors; (4) kappa opioid receptor agonists are highly effective against limbic @entity410 . Data on generalised @entity410 are less straightforward. Dynorphin release appears to occur after ECS @entity410 and kappa agonists exert a clear anticonvulsant effect in this model. However, more uncertain biochemical data and lack of efficacy of kappa agonists in other generalised tonic-clonic @entity410 models argue that the involvement of dynorphin in this @entity410 type may not be paramount. Finally, an involvement of dynorphin in generalised @entity2048 appears unlikely on the basis of available data. This may not be surprising, given the presumed origin of @entity2048 in alterations of the thalamo-cortical circuit and the low representation of dynorphin in the thalamus. In conclusion, it may be suggested that dynorphin plays a role as an endogenous anticonvulsant in complex partial @entity410 and in some cases of @entity410 , but most likely not in generalised absence. This pattern of effects may coincide with the antiseizure spectrum of selective kappa agonists.

title: Dynorphin and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this study, we investigated the outcome of @entity2444 in @entity1 presenting under 6 years old. Firstly, we wished to know the outcome in terms of femoral @entity85 in this age group. Secondly, we investigated the potential for improvement in femoral @entity85 with growth and remodelling after the Perthes lesion had healed. Thirdly, we assessed the ability of Herring's lateral pillar classification to predict femoral @entity85 in this age group. METHODS: The outcome in this group was assessed using Stulberg's classification of femoral @entity85 and compared to that for older @entity1 with Perthes seen at our institution over the same period. To investigate the potential for improvement of Stulberg grade with growth we assessed the hips at the stage of final healing (Waldenstrom IV) and again at skeletal maturity. To assess whether Herring's classification of lateral column collapse is predictive of deformity at this age we recorded the Herring class A, B or C at the time of maximum fragmentation and compared this to Stulberg grade. RESULTS: Out of a total of 127 @entity1 (131 hips) seen at our institution, 67 @entity1 (69 hips) presented before the age of 6 years. The number of Stulberg III and IV hips was 14 (20%) and 10 (15%), respectively. Chi-squared test of age against outcome confirmed that the younger @entity1 overall had a better outcome (P < 0.001). Stulberg grade did not improve predictably after the stage of final healing. Twenty-three hips graded as Stulberg III and IV at Waldenstrom IV were reassessed at skeletal maturity. Three changed from Stulberg III to IV and five changed from Stulberg IV to III, but none had improved to Stulberg I/II. Herring's classification was predictive of outcome, with 96% of Herring A hips having Stulberg I or II outcome, 61% of Herring B hips having Stulberg I or II outcome, while 60% of Herring C hips (18 hips) had significant femoral @entity85 , and 10 hips Stulberg III and 6 hips Stulberg IV. CONCLUSIONS: Perthes in @entity1 presenting before 6 years of age can result in significant femoral @entity85 which does not predictably improve with time. The risk of a poor outcome can be predicted by Herring's classification of @entity891 .

title: Predicting the outcome of @entity2444 in XXXX under 6 years old.

entities_list: @entity2444 :: ('MESH:D007873', 'Disease') :: ['Legg-Calve-Perthes disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['head deformity']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['lateral pillar collapse']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravascular ultrasound elastography assesses the local strain of the @entity731 vessel wall. In the present study, the potential to identify different plaque components in vivo was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Atherosclerotic external iliac and femoral arteries (n=24) of 6 Yucatan @entity1707 were investigated. Before termination, elastographic data were acquired with a 20-MHz Visions catheter. Two frames acquired at end-diastole with a pressure differential of approximately 4 mm Hg were acquired to obtain the elastograms. Before dissection, x-ray was used to identify the arterial segments that had been investigated by ultrasound. Specimens were stained for collagen, fat, and macrophages. Plaques were classified as absent, early @entity82 , early @entity8481 , or advanced @entity82 . The average strains in the plaque-free arterial wall (0.21%) and the early (0.24%) and advanced fibrous plaques (0.22%) were similar. Higher average strain values were observed in @entity8481 (0.46%) compared with fibrous plaques (P=0.007). After correction for confounding by lipid content, no additional differences in average strain were found between plaques with and without macrophages (P=0.966). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% and 80%, respectively, to identify fatty plaques. The presence of a high-strain spot (strain >1%) has 92% sensitivity and 92% specificity to identify macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that intravascular ultrasound elastography has been validated in vivo. Fatty plaques have an increased mean strain value. High-strain spots are associated with the presence of macrophages.

title: Identification of XXXX plaque components with intravascular ultrasound elastography in vivo: a Yucatan @entity1707 study.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous plaque', 'fibrous lesion']

entities_list: @entity8481 :: ('MESH:C536351', 'Disease') :: ['fatty lesion', 'fatty lesions']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: Eighty-two consecutive @entity1 with superior @entity1416 were treated between 1966 and 1988. @entity490 was atypical or absent in 19 (23%) @entity1 . Except for two instances of intraoperative @entity887 , emergency mesenteric arteriography was diagnostic in all cases. Seventeen @entity1 were treated medically either because the site of @entity887 was peripheral, or because there were no life-threatening signs. Sixty-five @entity1 underwent surgery, 31 for @entity1188 , and 34 for acute @entity5327 without @entity39 . Surgical treatment included 34 @entity3491 , 20 embolectomies associated with intestinal resection, two short segmental resections for limited @entity39 of the small intestine, and nine exploratory laparotomies. Of the 34 @entity1 operated on for acute @entity5327 , 12 (35%) died. Of the 31 remaining @entity1 operated on for @entity1188 , 21 (68%) (p less than 0.05) died. The mean duration of @entity63 before operation was 13 hours 20 +/- 6 min and 21 hours 24 +/- 24 min, respectively (p less than 0.05). Two @entity1 (12%) receiving medical treatment died. This study confirms that survival is directly related to early diagnosis based on emergency mesenteric arteriography. Treatment is determined by clinical and roentgenographic criteria. Medical treatment is indicated in certain circumstances.

title: Superior XXXX : eighty-two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'intestinal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated embolectomies']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric artery embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric infarction', 'intestinal infarction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['mesenteric artery embolism']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity957 remains dismal, in spite of technical advances in both surgery and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy as a palliative approach is still in the investigational phase and the very moderate antitumor activity has been observed with only a few single agents ( @entity1732 , @entity632 , Cis @entity902 , @entity1487 , @entity7324 ). In an attempt to improve therapeutic results, cytostatic agents, which interacts with radiation, are now combined with radiotherapy. In a sequential manner several controlled clinical studies were performed in more than 250 patients, using antitumor drugs alone or in combination with radiation. The results of these studies showed superiority of combined approach, either in remission rate or remission duration. Combination of @entity1732 + radiation achieved a response rate of 62%, @entity632 + radiation 60%, while both drugs combined with radiation showed the same response rate but higher @entity137 . By adding @entity1487 to @entity632 / @entity1732 + radiation therapy, 64% and even 75% responses were observed compared to only 30-40% with cytostatics alone. With combined approach a median remission duration of 16 months was reached. An ongoing clinical trial, based upon in vitro proved synergism of @entity1259 and radiation, showed very promising results. Namely, this new analogue of @entity632 , when combined with radiation, resulted in 6 complete and 7 partial remissions out of 17 @entity1 entered the study (13/17 - 76%). Furthermore, 4 @entity1 showed a minor regression (less than 50%), and no progression was observed. The advantages of chemoradiotherapy in @entity418 could be summarized as follows: higher response rate (60-80%), higher proportion of complete responses (up to 45%), longer remission duration, lower radiation dosage (3,200-4,000 cGy) and consequently better tolerance of treatment (less morbidity). The longer follow up will show, whether combined approach could increase 5-year survival rate of these @entity1 .

title: Combination of cytostatics and radiation--a new trend in the treatment of inoperable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['Vindesine']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['4-epi-doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: One hundred and forty @entity1 with @entity532 were studied by laser-Doppler flowmetry--measuring skin blood flow at rest (RF) and the venoarteriolar response (VAR)--by transcutaneous @entity4095 and PCO2 measurements and by evaluation of capillary permeability (rate of ankle swelling = RAS). Seventy were treated for 12 months with below-knee, elastic stockings. Seventy @entity1 were left without compression acting as a control group. After 5 and 12 months there were no significant changes in the control group. However there was a significant improvement of microcirculatory parameters in @entity1 treated with elastic compression. RF (increased at the beginning of the study) decreased. The VAR (impaired at the beginning of the study) improved significantly. @entity4095 (increased after treatment) and PCO2 (decreased) were also positively changed by elastic stockings. The abnormally increased capillary permeability was also improved. Elastic compression seems to be useful in @entity532 improving microcirculatory parameters and decreasing capillary permeability and @entity4 . However further studies, treating with elastic compression more @entity1 for longer periods, are needed to confirm the positive effects of elastic stockings in improving @entity532 and in slowing down its rate of progression.

title: XXXX treated with elastic compression--a microcirculatory evaluation using laser-Doppler flowmetry, transcutaneous @entity4095 /PCO2 and capillary permeability measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['Diabetic microangiopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High incidence of @entity1866 at late ages of fertility ac-counts for 20% of clinical visits and 25% of gynecological surgeries. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between delivery type and @entity1866 in @entity1 referring to hospitals affiliated to Medical Universities in Tehran in 2008. METHODS: In this case-control study, which was conducted from April to August, 2008 in Tehran, 160 @entity1 aged 36 to 44 years, 8o @entity1 with and 80 without @entity1866 as case and control groups were enrolled respectively. Data collection tool was a questionnaire (included questions regarding demographic and obstetrical characteristics). Higham pictorial chart (scores more than 80 denoted @entity931 ), a verbal multidimensional scoring scale (from 0 for painless to 3 for severe @entity158 ), and Holmes-Rahe scale for assessing stress were used. RESULTS: About 93.1% of the cases and 65% of the controls had experienced @entity1834 at the begging of the study (P=0.009). In other words, 65% of @entity1 with @entity1834 had a history of C-section. @entity1 with @entity1866 had more caesarian sections (53.7%) than those without the disorders (27.5%) (P<0.001) with an odds ratio estimate of 3.06 [95% CI: 1.58, 5.91]. There were significant differences in the number of pads/tampons used (P=0.009) and amount of uterine @entity548 based on Higham chart (P=0.009) among case and control group. CONCLUSION: Caesarian may be considered as a risk factor for @entity1866 particularly at late ages of fertility. Therefore, pregnant @entity1 should be consulted by health providers regarding advantages versus disadvantages of caesarian before selective C-section.

title: Relationship between Delivery Type and XXXX : A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disorders', 'menstrual disorder', 'menstrual disor-ders']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity1866 :: (MESH:D008599,Disease) :: ['Menstrual Disorders']


abstract: A clinicopathological study of @entity195 of @entity195 (SDAT) accompanied by the @entity62 of Binswanger's type was carried out. Fifty-seven @entity1 , who were diagnosed as suffering from SDAT based on clinical and pathological criteria, were classified into two groups based on the @entity62 of Binswanger's type. Namely, group 1 consisted of the SDAT @entity1 without any subcortical or @entity62 (30 cases); group 2 consisted of those with @entity62 of Binswanger's type (11 cases). The other 9 cases included those with @entity455 and 4 with some of the same pathological changes found in @entity191 . Clinically, group 2 @entity1 showed subcortical symptoms such as @entity322 , @entity191 , being accompanied by @entity101 and @entity943 . Periventricular lucency (CT) were common in group 2. Macroscopically, both groups showed moderately to severe @entity194 , and the width of the corpus callosum of group 2 was narrower than that of group 1. There was no difference in @entity4522 between the groups. In microscopic findings, @entity1 in group 2 showed diffuse distribution of cortical changes such as @entity527 as well as @entity195 as well as @entity3072 while those in group 1 showed various types of diffuse or local distribution. @entity62 were found in both groups. There was no difference in @entity731 and/or @entity299 . The complication of @entity62 of Binswanger's type was not a rare finding in SDAT.

title: [A clinicopathological study of @entity195 of XXXX of Binswanger's type].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian gait', "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's type", "Alzheimer's senile plaques", 'senile dementia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['aortic atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'Arteriolosclerosis of the white matter']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's type (SDAT) and white matter lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1663 ( @entity1663 ) is the second most common cause of hair loss in @entity1 , and has a genetically complex inheritance. The hypothesis that @entity1663 is autoimmune in nature is supported by previous studies. These report an association with specific HLA alleles, as well as genetic variants of other genes implicated in autoimmunity, such as various cytokine genes. However, these cannot yet be considered proven susceptibility loci, as many of these association findings were derived from small @entity1 samples. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between @entity1663 and selected cytokine genes using a sample of 768 @entity1 with @entity1663 and 658 controls of Central European origin. METHODS: Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from cytokine genes implicated in previous @entity1663 studies were genotyped. These genes were @entity1356 , @entity1192 , @entity1193 , @entity6785 , @entity379 and the @entity53470 gene region. We also genotyped 15 SNPs selected from cytokine genes that have shown significant association with other @entity792 . These genes were @entity688 , @entity34693 , @entity18068 , @entity650 , @entity1199 , @entity4452 , @entity2902 and @entity9597 . RESULTS: Significant association was found for two variants within both @entity2902 and @entity53470 . In the overall sample, the most significant results were obtained for the @entity2902 variant @entity53471 (P = 0  00038) and the @entity310 /LTA locus variant @entity40610 (P = 0  0017). In subgroup analyses, according to severity, age at onset and family history these effects were stronger in the severely affected @entity1 , with the lowest P-values being obtained for @entity53471 (P = 3  8   10(-6) ). CONCLUSIONS: Our results point to the involvement of @entity2902 and the @entity53470 region in the aetiology of @entity1663 , in particular severe @entity1663 , and provide further support for the hypothesis that @entity1663 is autoimmune in nature.

title: Investigation of selected cytokine genes suggests that @entity2902 and the XXXX locus are risk factors for severe alopecia areata.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1663 :: ('MESH:D000506', 'Disease') :: ['Alopecia areata', 'AA']

answer: @entity53470 :: (7124;4049,Gene) :: ['TNF/LTA']


abstract: We report the case of a 70-year-old female who experienced a graft enteric erosion (GEE) three years after a right aorto-femoral bypass. She was treated by right axillo-femoral bypass, removal of the aortic prosthesis and direct aortic suture. The duodenum was stitched up and separated from the aorta by omentoplasty. Bacteriological culture of the removed graft identified @entity526 and Peptostreptococcus. Antibiotic therapy consisting of @entity115 and @entity801 was given for seven days. A month later this @entity1 developed a @entity4034 due to the same germs. She was then treated by surgical excision of the infected tissues and by antibiotics: @entity115 , @entity868 and @entity801 for one month. This case of @entity887 into bone due to GEE is a rare complication which indisputably establishes a link between the spontaneously septic cavity of the bowel and bone tissue by way of blood via the interstices of the fabric. The prosthesis may be responsible for blood seeding infection and not only a mere victim. The prosthesis acts as a porous membrane which allows two opposite flows: the passage of blood from graft to bowel and germ migration from naturally septic bowel to blood. When a GEE is encountered, a rigorous management is required to prevent @entity887 . The precise timing of each step of the surgical procedure remains difficult to codify.

title: @entity4034 of the fibula due to XXXX : a rare complication of a graft enteric erosion. Case report.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['Gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['fibula osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['septic embolism', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['septic embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and identification of the first draining lymph node (the @entity1600 ) may allow some @entity1 with @entity0 to avoid the morbidity of formal axillary clearance. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy in predicting axillary nodal involvement. METHODS: From August, 1998 until July, 1999, 41 @entity1 with clinically node-negative @entity0 underwent @entity1600 biopsy that was immediately followed by axillary lymph node dissection. If the @entity1600 section was found free of @entity3 by routine @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining (H_E), then an additional four sections of the @entity1600 were cut and examined for the presence of @entity5 cells by H_E staining (three sections) and by cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining (IHC) (one section). If the @entity1600 had metastatic cells and the other remaining nonsentinel axillary lymph nodes were free of @entity3 by routine H_E staining, then an additional three sections of the nonsentinel axillary lymph nodes were cut and examined for the presence of @entity5 cells by H_E staining. RESULTS: The 41 @entity1 had a mean of 2.2 sentinel (range, 1-7) and 14.6 nonsentinel (range, 5-32) lymph nodes excised per @entity1 . Routine H_E staining identified 13 @entity1 (31.7%) with @entity1600 @entity3 and 28 @entity1 (68.3%) with @entity5 -free SLNs. Applying IHC and the additional three sections stained with H_E to these @entity5 -free SLNs showed one additional @entity1 with sentinel node @entity3 . The conversion rate from being a sentinel node-negative @entity1 to a sentinel node-positive @entity1 was 3.6% (1/28). Overall, @entity1600 @entity3 were detected in 14 (34.1%) of the 41 @entity1 . The SLNs were negative in 27 @entity1 (65.9%), two of whom had at least one positive nonsentinel lymph node each (7.4% "skip" @entity3 ). Biopsy of SLNs was 92.6% accurate in predicting the absence of nonsentinel nodal @entity3 (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that formal axillary lymph node dissection may need only be performed in @entity1600 -positive @entity1 . Nonetheless, further experience and refinement are needed to perfect this technique.

title: Histopathologic analysis of sentinel lymph nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: @entity957 of the @entity8174 is a rare @entity5 . Histological and ultrastructural features of a @entity957 arising in the right @entity8174 is presented. Light microscopically the @entity5 consisted of poorly differentiated squamous cell nests. PAS reaction was negative. Ultrastructurally the @entity5 cells were oval or spindle shaped and the cytoplasmic processes were frequently found. The majority of the @entity5 cells contained numerous intermediate filaments in their cytoplasm. No secretory granule was found. The desmosomes were well developed. It is known that @entity3975 may be often misdiagnosed as @entity957 . These findings can enable us to distinguish @entity957 from @entity3975 of the @entity8174 .

title: @entity957 of the XXXX : a case report with electron microscopic findings.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Primary squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'primary squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotid gland']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

answer: @entity8174 :: (MESH:D010309,Disease) :: ['parotid gland']


abstract: Background. This article presents an evaluation of triple arthrodesis performed on @entity1 with @entity306 . The indication for surgery was significant @entity5109 causing disturbances in gait. Material and methods. From 1982 to 2000, triple arthrodesis was performed on 34 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 , average age 16,5) with @entity306 . The most common form of @entity2723 was diparegia, 20 @entity1 were operated unilaterally, 14 @entity1 bilaterally; 48 operations were performed altogether (14 equino-varus feet and 34 planovalgus feet with adduction of the forefoot). The triple arthrodesis was joined with an @entity924 , and the flexor digitorum and longus muscles. Follow-up was 6 years on the average (1-9 years). Results and conclusions. The results indicate that triple arthrodesis is a satisfactory method of @entity508 treatment with robust outcome in @entity1 with @entity306 (able to walk). It is demonstrated that @entity85 allows for better correction than @entity85 .

title: Triple tarsal arthrodesis in the treatment of XXXX in @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic foot']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['elongation of the Achilles tendon, the posterior tendon of the tibial muscle']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['equinovarus deformity', 'planovalgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spastic foot']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite growing @entity645 and @entity5 prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa, and WHO advocacy for a public health approach to palliative care provision, opioid availability is severely limited. Uganda has achieved a @entity1286 roll-out programme in partnership with the Ministry of Health. This study aimed to evaluate that programme by identifying challenges to implementation that may inform replication. METHODS: A multi-methods protocol appraised @entity1286 regulation, storage, prescribing, and consumption in three phases: key informant interviews throughout the opioid supply chain, and direct observation and audit of clinical practice. RESULTS: Regulation had achieved its goal of preventing misuse and leakage from the supply chain. However, the Government felt that relaxation of regulation was now appropriate. @entity911 and complexity in storage and authorization rules led to discontinuation of @entity158 management at the @entity1 level and also wasted service time in trying to obtain supplies to which they were entitled. Continued neglect to prescribe among clinicians and public fear of opioids led to under prescribing, and clinical skills showed some evidence of need for improvement with respect to physical assessment and follow-up. CONCLUSION: The Ugandan programme offers a successful model for both advocacy and Governmental support in achieving opioid roll-out across health districts. Despite initial concerns, abuse of opioids has not been evident. Further work is required to ensure that available supplies of opioids are prescribed to those in need, and that clinical standards are met. However, the programme for roll-out has proved a useful model to expand opioid availability as the first step in improving @entity1 care, and may prove a useful template for other Sub-Saharan African countries.

title: An evaluation of a @entity1286 public health programme for XXXX and @entity158 relief in Sub-Saharan Africa.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['Confusion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['opioid pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The present study examined the associations between craniofacial dimensions, head posture, bite force, and symptoms and signs of @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ). The sample comprised 96 @entity1 (51F, 45M) aged 7-13 years, sequentially admitted for orthodontic treatment of @entity3232 entailing health risks. Symptoms and signs of @entity2956 were assessed by 37 variables describing the occurrence of @entity10 and @entity158 , clicking, jaw mobility, tenderness of muscles and joints, and the Helkimo Anamnestic and Dysfunction indices. Craniofacial dimensions (33 variables), and head and cervical posture (nine variables) were recorded from lateral cephalometric radiographs taken with the subject standing with the head in a standardized posture (mirror position). Dental arch widths were measured on plaster casts and bite force was measured at the first molars on each side by means of a pressure transducer. Associations were assessed by Spearman correlations and multiple stepwise logistic regression analyses. The magnitudes of the significant associations were generally low to moderate. On average, @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) dysfunction was seen in connection with a marked forward inclination of the upper cervical spine and an increased craniocervical angulation, but no firm conclusion could be made regarding any particular craniofacial morphology in @entity1 with symptoms and signs of @entity1348 . Muscle tenderness was associated with a 'long face' type of craniofacial morphology and a lower bite force. @entity10 was associated with a larger maxillary length and increased maxillary prognathism. A high score on Helkimo's Clinical Dysfunction Index was associated with smaller values of a number of vertical, horizontal, and transversal linear craniofacial dimensions and a lower bite force.

title: @entity2956 in relation to craniofacial dimensions, head posture and bite force in XXXX selected for orthodontic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'TMJ dysfunction', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined whether electrical stimulation of somatic afferent nerves in the foot could delay @entity1494 sensations and increase bladder capacity in healthy @entity1 without @entity2182 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight subjects underwent 90-minute foot stimulation using skin surface electrodes connected to a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator. The electrodes were attached to the bottom of the foot. Subjects completed a 3-day voiding diary, during which foot stimulation was applied on day 2. Stimulation parameters were pulse frequency 5 Hz, rectangular waveform pulse width 0.2 milliseconds and intensity 2 to 6 times the minimal stimulation current necessary to induce toe twitch. Stimulation intensity was set by each subject to a maximal level without causing discomfort. Subjects were provided with 500 to 1,000 ml of water to drink during stimulation. RESULTS: Average    SE volume per void was 350    22 ml during the 24 hours before foot stimulation. This voided volume increased to a mean of 547    52 ml for up to 5 hours after stimulation (p <0.01). Average voided volume returned to 363    21 ml within 36 hours after stimulation. There were no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Foot stimulation can delay @entity1494 sensations and significantly increase bladder capacity in healthy @entity1 without @entity2182 . Although the study group was small, our results support moving forward with clinical trials of foot neuromodulation in @entity1 with @entity2182 .

title: Electrical stimulation of somatic afferent nerves in the foot increases bladder capacity in healthy XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Enhancement of hypnotizability and @entity158 tolerance has been demonstrated using restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST) with university students as Ss (A. F. Barabasz, 1982). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether or not similar results could be obtained with @entity1118 @entity1 . Ss consisted of outpatients in treatment for conditions in which @entity158 is prominent who also demonstrated low hypnotizability after repeated hypnosis plateau sessions. 2 groups of Ss were exposed to REST. Situational demand characteristics (Orne, 1962) favored an increase in hypnotizability for REST Group 1 (high demand). REST Group 2 (low demand) was exposed to situational demand characteristics designed to disguise the experimental hypothesis. 2 groups of control Ss were exposed to the same alternative demand characteristic manipulations as the experimental groups, but environmental stimulation was maintained. The Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C) of Weitzenhoffer and E. R. Hilgard (1962), including a posthypnotic suggestion for an anesthetic reaction, and an @entity158 test were administered prior to treatment and again immediately following treatment. After 6 hours of REST, significant increases in SHSS:C scores were found for high-demand and low-demand experimental Ss, as well as for high-demand control Ss. No such increase was found for low-demand controls. Significant decreases in @entity158 scores were found for both high- and low-demand experimental groups. No significant @entity158 score decreases were found for either control group, suggesting a relatively weak effect of demand characteristics. An independent postexperimental inquiry suggested all Ss believed they received active treatments. The inquiry, conducted 10-15 days after the experiment, also revealed a majority of experimental Ss were using hypnosis on a daily basis to @entity158 with a substantial decrease in @entity158 medication. Only 2 control Ss (highest in hypnotizability) reported similar success. Anecdotal reports of @entity158 reduction experiences using hypnosis after REST intervention were supportive of E. R. Hilgard's (1977) neodissociation theory.

title: Effects of restricted environmental stimulation: enhancement of hypnotizability for experimental and XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic pain', 'pain', 'reduce pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For the cardiac surgeon and @entity1 the development of sternal wound infection is a serious post-operative complication associated with increased risk of @entity204 and also considerable morbidity. METHODS: Nine publications were identified using the PubMed online database and search terms ' @entity801 -containing collagen implant' plus ' @entity281 ' and 'cardiac surgery'. RESULTS: Six out of eight studies demonstrated that prophylactic use of @entity801 -containing collagen implants (GCCI) significantly reduce the wound infection rate following cardiac surgery (via sternotomy) compared to standard treatment alone. The adjunctive use of GCCI is particularly beneficial in high-risk subjects e.g. @entity6 and @entity28 @entity1 . GCCI significantly improve the morbidity associated with SSI following cardiac surgery by shortening the recovery phase and length of hospital stay; reducing the need for surgical revision and use of antibiotics. GCCI have been shown to be cost saving across a wide spectrum of @entity1 . A further study has shown that GCCI may also have a therapeutic role to play in @entity1 with deep sternal wounds. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates that when used dry prior to insertion GCCI can be effective in reducing the rate of SSI following cardiac surgery. GCCI have also been shown to be cost saving as they reduce the substantial morbidity associated with deep SSI. The adjunctive use of GCCI is particularly beneficial in high-risk @entity1 . GCCI may also have a role to play in the treatment of @entity2737 .

title: Local application of @entity801 -containing collagen implant in the prophylaxis and treatment of XXXX following cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['deep sternal wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ["surgical site infection', 'wound infection"]

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical site infection']


abstract: The report analyzes a rare case of @entity2 presenting as a dissecting @entity449 . A 59-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Cardiosurgery of the Institute of Cardiology, Pozna   Medical School, with a preliminary diagnosis of dissecting @entity439 . The @entity1 had @entity101 treated for 5 years and 3 year history of @entity158 . He had smoked 20 cigarettes daily for 20 years. On admission a strong @entity662 radiating into the ++inter-scapular region was reported. After two days the radiation extended into the lumbosacral area. Blood pressure was 180/100 mmHg. After 7 days paresis of the lower extremities occurred. Ecg showed only @entity1184 of the left ventricle. Chest X-ray revealed dilatation of the mediastinum and enlargement of the lungs, without focal changes. Echo (M + 2D + Doppler) suggested aortic wall dissection in the ascending part and the arch. The DSA examination did not reveal the dissection, which in turn suggested @entity5 . TC presented an extensive infiltration of the upper-medial part of the right lung and invaded right mediastinum. The final diagnosis, @entity4153 , was established after the histopathological analysis of a biopsy specimen taken in the course of bronchoscopy. The @entity1 died at home after two months of oncological treatment. Autopsy was not performed. In spite of considerable progress of the diagnostic technics both dissecting @entity449 and @entity2 still present a very difficult clinical problem.

title: [Lung XXXX simulating dissecting @entity439 of the aorta].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['oat cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm of ascending aorta']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pains']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The vast majority of the evidence on the prevalence of @entity5 in @entity1478 was obtained irrespectively of the time of diagnosis, i.e. including both @entity1 who were diagnosed at pre-surgical ultrasound and those who were diagnosed at the time of hysteroscopy. We hypothesize that this may represent an inaccuracy of potential clinical relevance since physicians have to take decisions regarding the need of surgery at the time of ultrasound diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 2,245 @entity1 who underwent hysteroscopy during a 4-year period were reviewed. Inclusion criterion was a pre-operative diagnosis of @entity1478 . RESULTS: 1,284 @entity1 (57  % of the cohort) were selected, of whom 36 were diagnosed with @entity5 (2.8  %, 95  % CI 2.0-3.8). This prevalence markedly differ in pre- and post-menopause, being higher in the latter group (OR  =  9.0, 95  % CI 2.6-30.3, p  <  0.001). Six out of 803 resulted positive in the pre-menopausal group (0.7  %, 95  % CI 0.3-1.5) compared to 30 out of 481 in the post-menopausal group (6.2  %, 95  % CI 4.3-8.6). In the pre-menopausal group, a younger age resulted protective. The risk of @entity5 in @entity1 younger than 50  years was 0.3  % (95  % CI 0.04-0.9). In the post-menopausal group, @entity3556 ( @entity3556 ) was associated with a diagnosis of @entity5 (OR  =  4.0, 95  % CI 1.9-8.5). The prevalence of @entity5 in symptomatic and asymptomatic post-menopausal @entity1 was 11.8  % (95  % CI 7.6-17.1) and 3.0  % (95  % CI 1.4-5.3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity5 among @entity1478 at ultrasound is low and in line with the evidence obtained for a diagnosis made at the time of surgery. Some simple anamnestic information such as menopausal status, age and @entity3556 helps identify @entity1 at higher risk and should be used in the decision-making process guiding the choice of surgery.

title: @entity1478 at ultrasound and rate of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps detected', 'endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['AUB', 'abnormal uterine bleeding']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) reduction by @entity63 preconditioning (IPC) has been assessed in the heart in which @entity3979 ( @entity3979 )-induced chronic @entity63 was not present. The aim of this study is to assess whether and how @entity1188 reduction by IPC is modified in the heart in which @entity3979 has occurred, and how further therapeutics, if any, modify it. METHODS: We assessed the @entity1188 produced by a 30-minute acute coronary occlusion and a 24-hour reperfusion (COR) in @entity35 hearts in which @entity3979 had developed for 1-12 weeks. Modifications of @entity1188 by IPC and the mitochondrial KATP channel (mitoKATP) opener and blocker, and the effects of daily beta-blocker treatment with @entity1405 on them, were also assessed. Myocardial @entity49617 activities in the risk areas were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: One to 4 weeks after @entity3979 induction, @entity296 was activated in the risk area of @entity3979 even without IPC, but such @entity3979 -induced PKC activation as well as that by IPC was attenuated 8-12 weeks after @entity3979 . The @entity1188 reductions by the mitoKATP opener as well as by IPC were attenuated 8-12 and 4-12 weeks after @entity3979 , respectively. Daily @entity1405 treatment after inducing @entity3979 restored the malfunctioning PKC-mitoKATP signal cascade and the attenuated IPC and mitoKATP effect on @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: @entity3979 activates the PKC-mitoKATP signal cascade, mimicking the IPC effect, whereas this cardioprotective effect is attenuated late after @entity3979 via their downregulation. Restoration of these changes may be a novel mechanism for cardioprotection by @entity1405 in the @entity3979 -induced @entity63 heart.

title: Attenuated cardioprotection by XXXX preconditioning in coronary stenosed heart and its restoration by @entity1405 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial PKC-epsilon']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'Infarct size']

entities_list: @entity49617 :: ('29340(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['protein kinase C (PKC)-epsilon']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously reported selective decreases of neocortical volumes in @entity1 with early relapsing-remitting (RR) @entity15 ( @entity15 ) with mild @entity73 , with a good correlation between cortical volumes and cognitive measures. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relevance of gray matter changes over time to changes in cognition in RRMS. DESIGN: A longitudinal survey after 2.5 years. Each @entity1 underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol identical to that performed at baseline; cognitive performance was reassessed with the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests in @entity15 . SETTING: Two university @entity15 clinics. @entity1 : Of 41 @entity1 with RRMS who participated in the original cross-sectional study, 28 were available for the follow-up evaluation (18 @entity1 ; mean +/- SD age, 37.1 +/- 8.9 years; mean +/- SD @entity15 duration, 7.3 +/- 2.9 years; mean +/- SD Expanded Disability Status Scale score, 1.8 +/- 1.5). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured the percentage of brain volume changes, normalized cortical volume (NCV) changes, and normalized deep gray matter volume changes on conventional T1-weighted MRIs and changes in lesion load on T2-weighted MRIs. The number of tests failed on the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery were used to classify the @entity1 as cognitively deteriorating or stable or improving. RESULTS: We identified 12 of 28 cognitively deteriorating and 16 of 28 stable or improving @entity1 . These subgroups did not differ in the mean +/- SD percentage of brain volume changes (-2.1% +/- 1.2% vs -1.3% +/- 1.3%; P = .11), normalized deep gray matter volume changes (-2.1 +/- 2.8 mL vs -0.6 +/- 3.1 mL; P = .60), and changes in lesion load on T2-weighted MRIs (1.9 +/- 2.6 mL vs 1.6 +/- 2.3 mL; P = .73). However, NCV changes were significantly higher in deteriorating than in stable or improving @entity1 (-43.0 +/- 18.9 mL vs -17.8 +/- 26.6 mL; P = .007). In deteriorating @entity1 , NCV changes were correlated with performance in a verbal fluency test (r = 0.73; P < .001). In a regression model, only NCV changes were significantly associated with deteriorating cognitive performance (odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-0.9). CONCLUSION: Progressive neocortical gray matter loss is relevant to @entity15 -associated @entity73 and may represent a sensitive marker of deteriorating cognitive performance in RRMS.

title: Association of neocortical volume changes with @entity73 in relapsing-remitting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidural analgesia is frequently associated with @entity221 during labor and in the postoperative period. The conventional assumption is that @entity221 is caused by the technique, although no convincing mechanism has been proposed. However, @entity158 in the "control" @entity1 is inevitably treated with opioids, which themselves attenuate @entity221 . Fever associated with @entity281 or tissue injury may then be suppressed by opioids in the "control" @entity1 while being expressed normally in @entity1 given epidural analgesia. The authors therefore tested the hypothesis that @entity221 in @entity1 is manifested normally during epidural analgesia, but is suppressed by low-dose intravenous opioid. METHODS: The authors studied eight volunteers, each on four study days. Fever was induced each day by 150 IU/g intravenous @entity1199 . Volunteers were randomly assigned to: (1) a control day when no opioid or epidural analgesia was given; (2) epidural analgesia using @entity1342 alone; (3) epidural analgesia using @entity1342 in combination with 2 microg/ml @entity3575 ; or (4) intravenous @entity3575 at a target plasma concentration of 2.5 ng/ml. RESULTS: @entity3575 halved the febrile response to pyrogen, decreasing integrated core temperature from 7.0 +/- 3.2 degrees C. h on the control day, to 3.8 +/- 3.0 degrees C. h on the intravenous @entity3575 day. In contrast, epidural @entity1342 and epidural @entity1342 - @entity3575 did not inhibit @entity221 . The fraction of core-temperature measurements that exceeded 38 degrees C was halved by intravenous @entity3575 , and the fraction exceeding 38.5 degrees C was reduced more than fivefold. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the authors' proposed mechanism for @entity221 during epidural analgesia. Fever during epidural analgesia should thus not be considered a complication of the anesthetic technique per se.

title: Opioids inhibit febrile responses in @entity1 , whereas epidural analgesia does not: an explanation for XXXX during epidural analgesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'fever']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose was to compare the effectiveness of robotic-assisted body weight supported treadmill training using the Lokomat(  ) to over-ground gait training (OGT) in adults with @entity64 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to the Lokomat(  ) or OGT interventions. Both protocols included 40 sessions over 8 weeks. Primary outcome measures were the 10-meter walk test and 6-minute walk distance. Secondary measures included the Functional Independence Measure(TM) locomotion score, Fugl-Meyer Lower Extremity Motor Score (FM-LE), Barthel Index, and @entity64 Impact Scale. Blinded assessors tested the @entity1 at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Eleven Lokomat(  ) and nine OGT @entity1 completed the study. Within group differences in the FM-LE score and Barthel Index occurred over time from baseline to post-intervention and baseline to 3-month follow-up. No other within group differences and no between group differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although walking measures did not show significant changes between groups, LE motor function and physical functional levels improved over time within both groups. The Lokomat(  ) may @entity146 , particularly for the lower functioning @entity1 who wish to improve walking ability due to apparent eased therapist physical burden, when compared to OGT, although an increased risk of skin breakdown is present.

title: Over-ground and robotic-assisted locomotor training in adults with XXXX : a blinded randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['allow aggressive locomotor training']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the US Navy and Marine Corps @entity286 policy in protecting submariners from @entity9927 ( @entity9927 ) by determining if non- @entity286 users experienced a significant increase in urinary @entity4874 levels at sea when compared with in port levels. METHODS: From February to August 2009, 634 volunteers recruited from nine US Navy submarines completed a survey to collect demographic data, information on @entity286 use and pre-deployment exposure to @entity9927 . Non- @entity286 users (n=239) were requested to provide two urine samples (pre-deployment and while at sea) to quantify exposure to @entity9927 using urinary @entity4874 as a biomarker. Matched samples were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Overall, deployed @entity4874 levels were 2.1 times the in port levels in non- @entity286 using submariners (95% CI 1.8 to 2.4, p<0.001, n=197). A significant increase in deployed urinary @entity4874 levels was found aboard six of nine submarines (p<0.05). A subgroup of submariners (n=91) who reported no @entity9927 exposure within 10 days prior to in port @entity4874 sampling had deployed @entity4874 levels 2.7 times the in port levels (95% CI 2.2 to 3.3, p<0.001). Applying a 4.5:1 urine @entity4874 to serum @entity4874 correction factor, submariners' deployed geometric means are similar to recent US male population values at the 75th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that non- @entity286 using submariners were exposed to @entity9927 . Exposure was seen in all submarine classes and was not limited to personnel working in proximity to the smoking area. The existing policy was inadequate to protect non-smokers from exposure to @entity9927 and required revision. As a result of a policy review, informed by this study, smoking below decks was banned aboard all US Navy submarines effective 31 December 2010.

title: Evaluating the effectiveness of the US Navy and Marine Corps XXXX Policy: an assessment of @entity9927 exposure in US Navy submariners.

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['secondhand smoke', 'SHS']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: In 1979 Cohen et Hayden and in 1983 Wiedemann et al. delineated a syndrome consisting of partial @entity11125 of the hands and/or feet, nevi, @entity11122 , subcutaneous @entity5 , @entity4651 or other skull anomalies and possible accelerated growth and visceral affections. Hitherto the literature pertaining to this syndrome consists of somewhat more than 100 cases of which some, that have been described previously or subsequently under other headings, were rediagnosed as being @entity795 . Of these, more than half show @entity455 closely resembling those observed in the @entity4917 , but in the @entity795 appear to be more haphazardly distributed over the integument. We report 3 pediatric @entity1 with the @entity795 , all showing cutaneous @entity2817 . These @entity1 were initially diagnosed as suffering from "severe or atypical @entity4917 ". In one of these, @entity4617 were observed soon after birth which subsequently showed spontaneous involution and were therefore considered to be @entity4618 . In the @entity795 cardiac pathology is rare, and @entity4617 have not been described previously. Moreover, we observed umbilical hernia in two of our @entity1 , a feature which has hitherto not been reported in @entity1 with the @entity795 . In all our @entity1 a broad thoracic cage resembling a "body-builders chest", asymmetrical and disproportional @entity41163 and broad, flat feet were conspicuous. These broad, flat feet with @entity41163 and large spaces between the first and second digits were designed by the parents of one of our @entity1 as " @entity831 's feet". @entity41163 , "chimp's" feet and a broad thoracic cage are considered by us to be clinical hallmarks of the @entity795 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX . Expansion of the phenotype. Apropos of 3 pediatric cases].

entities_list: @entity11122 :: ('MESH:C563014', 'Disease') :: ['hemihypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity41163 :: ('MESH:C562546', 'Disease') :: ['macrodactyly', 'Macrodactyly']

entities_list: @entity795 :: ('MESH:D016715', 'Disease') :: ['Proteus syndromes', 'Proteus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasias']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyomas']

entities_list: @entity4917 :: ('MESH:D007715', 'Disease') :: ['Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['macrocephaly']

answer: @entity795 :: (MESH:D016715,Disease) :: ['Proteus syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed this study to analyze the survival of @entity0 @entity1 with isolated supraclavicular lymph node @entity3 (SLNM) and assess whether SLNM is distant @entity3 or not. METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 who developed an isolated SLNM among 3170 primary @entity0 @entity1 between 1990 and 1999 were enrolled. The survival after SLNM was compared with that of 151 @entity1 who developed local recurrences and 599 who had distant @entity3 and was analyzed according to different levels and numbers of positive axillary nodes. RESULTS: Thirty-five of the 63 @entity1 died during a median follow-up of 58.3 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates after SLNM, local relapse, and distant @entity3 were 33.6%, 34.9%, and 9.1%, respectively. The 5-year OS for @entity1 with involved nodes confined to axillary level I was 74.4%, which was significantly better than that for involved nodes in level II or III or SLNM (49.2%, 52.8%, and 33.6%, respectively; P < .0001). For one to three positive axillary nodes, the 5-year OS was 83.2%, which was significantly better than that for four to nine positive nodes, more than nine positive nodes, and SLNM (62.6%, 42.3%, and 33.6%, respectively). There was no significant difference between SLNM and more than nine positive nodes. Surgical removal of the supraclavicular nodes was a significantly better prognostic factor for OS after SLNM (P = .0327). CONCLUSIONS: The 5-year OS after supraclavicular nodal metastosis, local relapse, and distant @entity3 were 33.6%, 34.9%, and 9.1%, respectively. Good neck control either by surgery or chemotherapy achieved better survival.

title: Prognosis of @entity0 after supraclavicular lymph node @entity3 : not a distant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']