abstract: BACKGROUND: In the genus @entity25068 , one of the most remarkable control mechanisms of physiological processes is @entity505 catabolite repression (CCR). This mechanism regulates the expression of genes involved in the uptake and utilization of alternative @entity505 sources. CCR also affects the synthesis of secondary metabolites and morphological differentiation. Even when the outcome effect of CCR in different bacteria is the same, their essential mechanisms can be quite different. In several streptomycetes @entity413 kinase (Glk) represents the main @entity413 phosphorylating enzyme and has been regarded as a regulatory protein in CCR. To evaluate the paradigmatic model proposed for CCR in @entity25068 , a high-density microarray approach was applied to @entity25068 M145, under repressed and non-repressed conditions. The transcriptomic study was extended to assess the ScGlk role in this model by comparing the transcriptomic profile of @entity25068 M145 with that of a    glk mutant derived from the wild-type strain, complemented with a heterologous glk gene from @entity15548 (Zmglk), insensitive to CCR but able to grow in @entity413 (ScoZm strain). RESULTS: Microarray experiments revealed that @entity413 influenced the expression of 651 genes. Interestingly, even when the ScGlk protein does not have DNA binding domains and the glycolytic flux was restored by a heterologous glucokinase, the ScGlk replacement modified the expression of 134 genes. From these, 91 were also affected by @entity413 while 43 appeared to be under the control of ScGlk. This work identified the expression of @entity25068 genes involved in primary metabolism that were influenced by @entity413 and/or ScGlk. Aside from describing the metabolic pathways influenced by @entity413 and/or ScGlk, several unexplored transcriptional regulators involved in the CCR mechanism were disclosed. CONCLUSIONS: The transcriptome of a classical model of CCR was studied in @entity25068 to differentiate between the effects due to @entity413 or ScGlk in this regulatory mechanism. @entity413 elicited important metabolic and transcriptional changes in this microorganism. While its entry and flow through glycolysis and @entity36435 pathway were stimulated, the gluconeogenesis was inhibited. @entity413 also triggered the CCR by repressing transporter systems and the transcription of enzymes required for secondary @entity505 sources utilization. Our results confirm and update the agar model of the CCR in @entity25068 and its dependence on the ScGlk per se. Surprisingly, the expected regulatory function of ScGlk was not found to be as global as thought before (only 43 out of 779 genes were affected), although may be accompanied or coordinated by other transcriptional regulators. Aside from describing the metabolic pathways influenced by @entity413 and/or ScGlk, several unexplored transcriptional regulators involved in the CCR mechanism were disclosed. These findings offer new opportunities to study and understand the CCR in @entity25068 by increasing the number of known @entity413 and ScGlk -regulated pathways and a new set of putative regulatory proteins possibly involved or controlling the CCR.

title: Transcriptomic analysis of a classical model of XXXX catabolite regulation in @entity25068 .

entities_list: @entity15548 :: ('542', 'Species') :: ['Zymomonas mobilis']

entities_list: @entity36435 :: ('D010428', 'Chemical') :: ['pentose phosphate']

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor', 'Streptomyces', 'S. coelicolor']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sepsis is a frequent and often lethal condition. Rapid identification and aggressive therapy in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) are essential for outcome. Several indexes were found to be significantly related to short-term clinical outcome, but only bedside, rapidly available tests are thought to be useful in the @entity341 . To define the prevalence and mortality of @entity1 with severe @entity295 presenting to the @entity341 of a tertiary care hospital in Italy, we furthermore investigated the ability of bedside, non-invasive prognostic indexes to identify @entity1 with adverse short-term clinical outcome. METHODS: All @entity1 admitted to the @entity341 with a diagnosis of severe @entity295 or @entity326 were included. Retrospective data were collected by a dedicated software program using predefined searching criteria including clinical data, vital sign parameters, @entity295 -related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and blood tests. The relationship between prognostic indexes and 24-h or 28-day mortality was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 were enrolled from June 2004 to June 2005 (0.2% of all incoming @entity1 to @entity341 and 0.7% of all critical @entity1 ). Mean age was 77 +/- 15 years, 54.4% were @entity1 . During follow-up (28 days) 46 @entity1 died (51.1%), 21 @entity1 (23.3%) within 24 h. At multivariate analyses, age >80 (odds ratio [OR] 4.10; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.39-11.90, p = 0.01), serum lactate >5 mmol/l (OR 3.40; 95% CI 1.21-9.60, p = 0.02) and @entity810 (OR 18.90; 95% CI 1.80-200, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of 28-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Among critical @entity1 admitted to an Italian @entity341 , those with severe @entity295 / @entity326 represent about 1%, with a very high mortality rate. Bedside non-invasive prognostic indexes are able to identify with high accuracy @entity1 with adverse short-term clinical outcome.

title: Prognostic indexes of septic syndrome in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare a complex nondrug intervention including actively approaching counseling and caregiver support groups with differing intensity against usual care with respect to time to institutionalization in @entity1 with @entity303 . METHODS: Within this three-armed cluster-randomized controlled trial, 390 community-dwelling @entity1 aged 65 years or older with physician-diagnosed mild to moderate @entity303 and their caregivers were enrolled via 129 general practitioners in Middle Franconia, Germany. The intervention included general practitioners' training in @entity303 care and their recommendation of support groups and actively approaching caregiver counseling. Primary study end point was time to institutionalization over 2 years. In addition, long-term intervention effects were assessed over a time horizon of 4 years. Secondary end points included cognitive functioning, (instrumental) activities of daily living, burden of caregiving, and health-related quality of life after 2 years. Frailty models with strict intention-to-treat approach and mixed linear models were applied to account for cluster randomization. Health care costs were assessed from the societal perspective. RESULTS: After 2 (4) years, 12% (24%) of the @entity1 were institutionalized and another 21% (35%) died before institutionalization. No significant differences between study groups were observed with respect to time to institutionalization after 2 and 4 years (P 0.25 and 0.71, respectively). Secondary end points deteriorated, but differences were not significant between study groups. Almost 80% of the health care costs were due to informal care. Total annual costs amounted to more than    47,000 per @entity1 and did not differ between study arms. CONCLUSION: The intervention showed no effects on time to institutionalization and secondary outcomes.

title: XXXX care in the general practice setting: a cluster randomized trial on the effectiveness and cost impact of three management strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: The relationship of myocardial high-energy phosphate depletion and @entity880 accumulation with @entity409 was investigated in @entity3839 - @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) and normal @entity35 hearts. The isolated hearts were perfused with 10(-6) M @entity1063 (NE) at various low-flow rates (0.4-6 ml/min/g heart wt) for 1 h. Left ventricular pressure (LVP) and contractile force (CF) were monitored, through a water-filled balloon in LV and through a hook attached to the apex, respectively. In @entity3918 hearts resting CF (diastolic tension) increased, when the perfusion flow rate was reduced below 6 ml and reached a maximum at a flow rate of less than 3 ml. The large increase in LV stiffness correlated with an elevation in diastolic LVP. In normal hearts these parameters were elevated at a flow rate below 1 ml. A flow-dependent decrease in developed CF was more prominent in @entity3918 than in normal hearts, while developed LVP and perfusion pressure were slightly higher in @entity3918 hearts with a marked increase in the LV stiffness. A flow-dependent decrease in high-energy phosphates and increases in inorganic @entity1391 and @entity880 were more prominent in the inner than in the outer layer of LV free wall in both groups. The change of @entity855 in the inner layer was greater, while increases of @entity880 in both layers were smaller in @entity3918 hearts. Changes in mechanical parameters correlated well with the @entity855 decrease and @entity880 increase in the inner layer in both groups. The correlation curves, however, were not coincidental: at the same low @entity855 and high @entity880 level, the LV stiffness was higher in @entity3918 hearts. Results indicate that @entity3918 hearts are more susceptible to flow-reduction with NE and depletion of total @entity855 in their tissue, and easily suffer from increased LV stiffness. This cannot be explained by the rate of decrease in total @entity855 and @entity880 accumulation alone.

title: Correlation of contractile dysfunction and abnormal tissue energy metabolism during hypoperfusion with XXXX in isolated @entity35 hearts: differences between normal and @entity6 hearts.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity3458 cope with their disease in various ways, such as @entity458 , hypnosis, medication, and prayer. Spirituality is a coping mechanism in a variety of diseases. This study evaluates the role of spirituality in @entity1 coping with the @entity158 . METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 from the Georgia Sickle Cell Clinic completed a questionnaire addressing their ability to cope with the @entity158 and their degree of spirituality. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were calculated for the relation between coping with the @entity158 and spirituality. RESULTS: The questionnaire provided several scales with high internal consistency for measuring spiritual well-being and its two components, existential well-being and religious well-being, that show a correlation between high levels of spirituality and life control. The study population exhibited high levels of spirituality and religiosity, but the influence of these feelings on coping with @entity3458 was variable. Spiritual well-being was correlated with life-control but not with perceived @entity158 severity. CONCLUSIONS: Existential well-being was associated with general coping ability. Spiritual well-being is important for some @entity1 who must cope with the @entity158 .

title: Role of spirituality in XXXX with @entity3458 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological counseling']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain of sickle cell disease', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are thought to be important for establishing and maintaining a stable interface between bone and teeth. In addition, PDL cells are thought to play critical roles in both the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and the regeneration of periodontal ligament tissues. The purpose of this study was to develop a continuous or stable @entity1 PDL cell line as an in vitro model for the investigation of cellular mechanisms involved in periodontal regeneration and destruction. @entity1 PDL cells, derived from a primary cell culture, were transfected with @entity2235 (SV40) T antigen-containing virus with a @entity5154 resistance gene. The transformed cells expressed the SV40 T antigen mRNA as assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This cell line was also characterized for morphological changes and growth characteristics compared to primary PDL cell cultures. The transformed cells were shown to form a multilayer pattern and distinct colonies on tissue culture surfaces. However, no colony formation was found in soft agar. The transformed PDL cell line was found to have a greater rate of proliferation in 10% fetal bovine serum than primary culture, and continued to proliferate in low serum concentrations capable of producing quiescence in primary cells. @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) was shown to produce a 7-fold elevation in collagenase ( @entity3334 ) mRNA levels, consistent with primary PDL cells. In addition, @entity1356 was shown to produce a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The transformed cell line has been maintained for over 30 generations of cell culture. In conclusion, a stable @entity1 PDL cell line has been established to serve as a model for future in vitro investigations into periodontal pathogenic mechanisms and to evaluate therapies directed at the regeneration of periodontal ligament.

title: Development and characterization of a transformed XXXX periodontal ligament cell line.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the concentrations of the soluble receptors and their ligands of @entity5823 / @entity4209 and @entity2936 / @entity11603 systems in the serum of @entity1 with @entity43 and in the @entity42 fluid of @entity1 with @entity9296 serosum. The study included 120 @entity1 with @entity43 . As a control, sera were obtained from 60 healthy female volunteers. Concentrations of the sCD30, sCD30L, sCD40 and sCD40L in the serum and the @entity42 fluid were measured by ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Concentrations of both sCD30 and sCD30L in serum of @entity1 with @entity43 were significantly higher than in control (p < 0.0001). The highest serum receptor and its ligand levels were observed in @entity1 with @entity43 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, results showed significantly increased levels of sCD40 and sCD40L serum in @entity1 with @entity43 , as compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). The highest concentration of sCD40 in the serum of @entity1 with @entity43 and sCD40L in serum of @entity1 with @entity44 maturum (p < 0.0001) were observed. Impaired apoptosis among @entity1 with @entity43 is associated with the impairments of soluble @entity5823 / @entity4209 and @entity2936 / @entity11603 systems. Measurement of studied parameter concentrations in serum of @entity1 with @entity43 has been suggested to be a potential tool in monitoring of inflammatory. Evaluation of sCD30, sCD30L and sCD40 might be an early diagnostic marker in @entity1 with the @entity43 . Concentrations of the studied parameters in the @entity42 fluid higher than the serum values suggest local suppression of the immune response. However, the final evaluation of the importance of measurement of serum levels of them requires further investigation.

title: Imbalance in serum soluble @entity5823 / XXXX and @entity2936 / @entity11603 systems are associated with @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian tumor', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['Cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['Teratoma']

answer: @entity4209 :: (944,Gene) :: ['CD30L']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1127 , the most common disorders of the colon, are considered by many to be @entity75 . Colonoscopy is widely used to remove the majority of these @entity1127 . However, a variety of "difficult @entity1127 " are not accessible for colonoscopic removal because of their location and size, the tortuosity of the @entity1049 (sessile vs pedunculated). In the past, a formal segmental resection usually was suggested for these difficult @entity1127 . METHODS: For 110 @entity1 with a median age of 73 years, a total of 149 @entity1127 were removed as follows: 88 from the right colon, 18 from the transverse colon, 10 from the left colon, and 33 from the rectosigmoid colon. Pathologic evaluation showed @entity6523 in 13 @entity1 (11.81%), @entity1127 in 1 @entity1 (0.9%), @entity420 in 10 @entity1 (9.09%), @entity189 in situ in 1 @entity1 (0.9%), and @entity652 in the remaining @entity1 (tubulovillous, 40.18%; villous, 19.31%, and tubular, 17.77%). All the specimens were evaluated for margins and depth of resection. RESULTS: The median size of the @entity1127 was 2.30 cm (range, 0.2-6 cm). The average hospital stay was 1.14 days, with a liquid diet started 6 h postoperatively. Mild @entity490 /trocar-site @entity158 was the most common complaint. The @entity1 were followed with colonoscopy 6 months postoperatively and yearly thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: A combined endoscopic-laparoscopic approach provides a valid alternative for treating difficult @entity1586 and eliminating the morbidity of a segmental resection. This approach seems to be safe and effective.

title: Laparoscopically monitored colonoscopic polypectomy: an established form of endoluminal therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['Benign polyps', 'polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon, or the complexity of the lesion']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['colorectal polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3441 ( @entity1985 ) in @entity1 is classified as @entity134 sensitive or @entity134 resistant. @entity134 sensitivity typically portends a low risk of permanent @entity177 . However, some initially @entity134 -sensitive @entity1 later develop @entity134 resistance. These @entity1 with late @entity134 resistance (LSR) are often treated with immunosuppressant medications, but the effect of these additional drugs on the long-term prognosis of LSR is still unknown. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity1 diagnosed with idiopathic @entity1985 and subsequent LSR during the 8-year study period from 2002 up to and including 2009, with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Primary outcome measures were @entity644 and renal function. RESULTS: A total of 29 @entity1 were classified as having LSRNS. The majority of @entity1 received treatment with calcineurin inhibitors and/or @entity618 . Seven @entity1 received three or more non- @entity134 immunosuppressant medications. Sustained complete or partial remission was achieved in 69 % of @entity1 . Three developed @entity454 , and all others maintained normal renal function. There were 13 episodes of serious adverse events, none of which were fatal or irreversible. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 with LSRNS responded to immunosuppressive therapy by reduction or resolution of @entity644 and preservation of renal function. The results suggest that immunosuppressive treatment is a viable option in @entity1985 @entity1 who develop LSR.

title: Treatment outcome of late @entity134 -resistant XXXX : a study by the Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium.

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: The microtubule-nucleating activity of centrosomes was analyzed in fibroblastic (Vero) and in epithelial cells (PtK2, Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney [MDCK]) by double-immunofluorescence labeling with anti-centrosome and antitubulin antibodies. Most of the microtubules emanated from the centrosomes in Vero cells, whereas the microtubule network of MDCK cells appeared to be noncentrosome nucleated and randomly organized. The pattern of microtubule organization in @entity11497 cells was intermediate to the patterns observed in the typical fibroblastic and epithelial cells. The two centriole cylinders were tightly associated and located close to the nucleus in Vero and @entity11497 cells. In MDCK cells, however, they were clearly separated and electron microscopy revealed that they nucleated only a few microtubules. The stability of centrosomal and noncentrosomal microtubules was examined by treatment of these different cell lines with various concentrations of @entity10612 . 1.6 microM @entity10612 induced an almost complete depolymerization of microtubules in Vero cells; some centrosome nucleated microtubules remained in @entity11497 cells, while many noncentrosomal microtubules resisted that treatment in MDCK cells. Centrosomal and noncentrosomal microtubules regrew in MDCK cells with similar kinetics after release from complete disassembly by high concentrations of @entity10612 (33 microM). During regrowth, centrosomal microtubules became resistant to 1.6 microM @entity10612 before the noncentrosomal ones, although the latter eventually predominate. We suggest that in MDCK cells, microtubules grow and shrink as proposed by the dynamic instability model but the presence of factors prevents them from complete depolymerization. This creates seeds for reelongation that compete with nucleation off the centrosome. By using specific antibodies, we have shown that the abundant subset of @entity10612 -resistant microtubules in MDCK cells contained detyrosinated alpha-tubulin (glu tubulin). On the other hand, the first microtubules to regrow after @entity10612 removal contained only tyrosinated tubulin. @entity367 -tubulin became detectable only after 30 min of microtubule regrowth. This strongly supports the hypothesis that alpha-tubulin detyrosination occurs primarily on "long lived" microtubules and is not the cause of the stabilization process. This is also supported by the increased amount of glu-tubulin that we found in @entity1311 -treated cells.

title: Control of microtubule nucleation and stability in Madin-Darby XXXX kidney cells: the occurrence of noncentrosomal, stable detyrosinated microtubules.

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: A number of growth factors have been implicated in @entity174 repair. @entity19255 ( @entity19255 ) is believed to be involved in osteoblast proliferation, @entity6722 , and collagen synthesis. The collagens act as the scaffolding for new bone matrix formation, whereas tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may help regulate matrix remodeling in bone repair. Despite their hypothesized integral role in @entity174 repair, the temporal expression of these molecules in membranous bone @entity174 healing remains unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the temporal pattern of @entity19255 and @entity6930 ( @entity6930 ) expression in @entity35 mandibular @entity174 healing. Twenty-eight adult male @entity35 underwent a mandibular osteotomy, and the healing regenerate was harvested on postoperative days 3, 5, 7, 9, 23, and 37. Total cellular @entity10731 was isolated, and Northern analysis was performed. @entity19255 expression was downregulated dramatically 3 days after the osteotomy and remained less than 20% of control levels throughout repair. In marked contrast, @entity6930 gene expression, low during early repair, increased more than twofold over control at later time points. Understanding the temporal pattern of gene expression during membranous @entity174 healing has important clinical implications because elucidating these mechanisms may lead to appropriate biomolecular approaches to augment membranous bone @entity174 healing.

title: Gene expression of XXXX and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 during membranous bone healing in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity19255 :: ('25717(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-beta 3', 'TGF-beta 3']

entities_list: @entity10731 :: ('CHEBI:33697', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity19255 :: (25717(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 3']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity12010 ( @entity12010 ), is characterized by the coexistence of several @entity792 , affecting predominantly the endocrine glands. The juvenile form ( @entity12010 type I) is distinguished from the adult @entity1605 in which @entity1669 , @entity1887 and @entity6 predominate. The connections between epidemiological, clinical and immunological aspects were analysed and described in this study of @entity1 with @entity12010 @entity1605 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Among a total @entity1 population of over 15,000 seen in our endocrinological university policlinic from 1992 through 1996, the clinical data of all 151 @entity1 with @entity12010 @entity1605 were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 151 @entity1 with @entity12010 37 were male (aged 16-74 years, median 42 years) and 114 female (aged 16-84 years; median 46 years), a prevalence of 1:100, 92 @entity1 (61%) had @entity6 (78% males, 55% females; p = 0.013), 50 (33%) had @entity1378 (32% and 33%; difference not significant), 49 had @entity2621 (14% and 39%; p = 0.005) and 28 (18.5% had @entity5343 (14% males, 20% females; n.s.). @entity1694 was less common, occurring in 30 (20%), alopecia in 9 (6%), pernicious @entity417 in 5 (5%) and @entity6126 in 8 (5%). The most common combination was @entity1723 with @entity1374 (33%), the time between manifestations of each disease being highly variable, @entity6 was the first manifestation in half the cases. Partial cell antibodies were present in 62 @entity1 (54%), and 52% had positive thyroid-associated antibodies without manifest signs of @entity1374 . CONCLUSION: @entity12010 occurs relatively often among @entity1 of an endocrinological centre, with a 3:1 female to male ratio. Because there is usually a long interval between the onset of the various endocrine diseases, regular monitoring of @entity1 with an endocrine @entity792 is indicated, specific tests to be performed if additional @entity1200 are suspected.

title: [ @entity12010 XXXX : epidemiology and forms of manifestation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type I', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal cortical insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type I']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune diseases']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['PAS', 'Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1605 :: (OMIM:217000,Disease) :: ['type II']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with an unresectable @entity1126 is poor. In 60-70% of @entity1 , @entity201 is located in the hepatic duct bifurcation and known as @entity5 . Surgical resection offers the only chance for 5-year survival, but less than 20% are surgical candidates. @entity1 with unresectable @entity201 are treated with biliary drains, but commonly die of @entity1578 or @entity255 due to @entity253 within 6 to 12 months. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy have not been evaluated in randomized, controlled trials. @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a new and promising locoregional treatment, the aim of which is to destroy @entity5 cells selectively. @entity34 involves the injection of a photosensitizer followed by percutaneous or endoscopic direct illumination of the @entity5 with light of a specific wavelength. In recent non-randomized studies of small numbers of @entity1 with unresectable @entity201 , @entity34 induced a decrease in serum @entity648 levels, improved quality of life and a slightly better survival. Other non-randomized trials failed to show clinical benefits. Recently, the first prospective, randomized controlled study with @entity34 in a selected group of non-resectable @entity201 @entity1 was stopped prematurely. The improvement in survival in the @entity34 -randomized @entity1 was so impressive that it was considered to be unethical to continue randomization. However, further studies are awaited in unselected @entity1 with unresectable @entity201 before @entity34 can be considered as the standard adjuvant therapy.

title: @entity34 and XXXX : an overview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Klatskin tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Photodynamic therapy', 'PDT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Klatskin tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity14392 polymorphism ( @entity14392 ) in the @entity8652 -adrenergic receptor gene ( @entity2161 ) has been associated with improvement in left-ventricular remodeling with beta-blocker treatment. One study of risk for @entity712 suggested a synergistic effect of @entity2161 @entity14392 with the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the @entity37876 gene ( @entity37876 ). We tested whether the @entity37876 insertion/deletion polymorphism was associated with beta-blocker response in @entity712 , either alone or in combination with the @entity2161 @entity14392 polymorphism. METHODS: Fifty-four beta-blocker naive @entity712 @entity1 underwent echocardiography before and after 5-6 months of @entity1406 CR/XL therapy. Multivariant linear regression modeling was performed to assess the impact of genotypes and other variables on changes in left-ventricular function in response to @entity1406 therapy. RESULTS: Deletion carriers had a significantly greater negative chronotropic response. Predictors of the end of study ejection fraction were baseline ejection fraction, deletion carrier status and @entity37877 genotype. @entity1 with @entity37877 /Del-carrier status showed the greatest ejection fraction increase with @entity1406 CR/XL. Adjusting for baseline ejection fraction, final S- @entity1406 plasma concentration and race, final ejection fraction in @entity1 with this genotype combination was significantly higher than all other genotype combination groups. CONCLUSION: @entity2161 and @entity37876 polymorphisms synergistically influence the ejection fraction response to beta-blocker therapy of @entity712 @entity1 .

title: Synergistic polymorphisms of XXXX and alpha2C-adrenergic receptors and the influence on left ventricular ejection fraction response to beta-blocker therapy in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity14392 :: ('p|SUB|R|389|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg389Gly']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity37876 :: ('152', 'Gene') :: ['alpha2C-adrenergic receptor', 'ADRA2C']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity37877 :: ('p|SUB|R|389|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg389Arg']

answer: @entity8652 :: (3779,Gene) :: ['beta1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Saturated fats have adverse effects on health. To investigate which is more beneficial for energy replacement, we compare the effects of @entity5204 and @entity1735 intake on @entity28 and metabolic variables (fasting @entity1674 , HDL- @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 and 2 h @entity413 ). Further, because the optimum diet may differ according to @entity413 tolerance, we examine the same associations in @entity413 tolerant and intolerant groups. Finally, we test the effect of macronutrient intake on the presence or absence of the @entity209 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SUBJECTS: A total of 4497 @entity1 and 1865 @entity1 aged 39--62 in the Whitehall II study. RESULTS: In @entity1 , higher intakes of both polyunsaturated fats and @entity3363 were linked to lower waist-hip ratio, @entity1674 and LDL- @entity165 . Higher @entity1735 intake alone was linked to decreased body mass index (for 10 g higher @entity1735 intake, -0.12 kg/m(2), P<0.0001) and lower HDL- @entity165 (-0.01 mmol/l, P<0.01). In normoglycaemic @entity1 , higher @entity1735 intakes were associated with higher 2 h insulin and @entity413 levels (0.25 pmol/l, P<0.05 and 0.01 mmol/l, P=0.001, respectively). Dietary effects among @entity1 were similar, the exception being a positive association of polyunsaturated fat intake with body mass index and waist--hip ratio (0.47 kg/m(2), P<0.05 and 0.006, P<0.05, respectively). Dietary components, with the exceptions of @entity165 and protein in @entity1 , were unrelated to prevalence of the @entity209 , and adjustment for differences in macronutrient intake did not account for the strong inverse association between socioeconomic position and the @entity209 . CONCLUSION: Our observational data provide evidence that both @entity1474 and @entity3363 offer small metabolic benefits with few adverse effects compared with saturated fats. International Journal of Obesity (2001) 25, 45-53

title: What is an optimal diet? Relationship of macronutrient intake to @entity28 , XXXX tolerance, lipoprotein @entity165 levels and the @entity209 in the Whitehall II study.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Tendinitis remains a @entity130 among @entity2587 . Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been investigated for use in the treatment of @entity924 . Previous work has demonstrated the value of @entity13814 ( @entity13814 ) to stimulate cellular proliferation and tendon fiber deposition in the core lesion of @entity924 . This study examined the effects of MSCs, as well as @entity13814 gene-enhanced MSCs (AdIGF-MSCs) on tendon healing in vivo. Collagenase-induced @entity924 lesions were created in @entity1641 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (SDFT). Tendons were treated with 10 x 10(6) MSCs or 10 x 10(6) AdIGF-MSCs. Control limbs were injected with 1 mL of @entity1391 -buffered saline (PBS). Ultrasound examinations were performed at t = 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. @entity1641 were euthanized at 8 weeks and SDFTs were mechanically tested to failure and evaluated for biochemical composition and histologic characteristics. Expression of collagen types I and III, @entity13814 , cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), @entity36280 ( @entity36280 ), @entity37950 ( @entity37950 ), and @entity37951 ( @entity37951 ) were similar in MSC and control tendons. Both MSC and AdIGF-MSC injection resulted in significantly improved tendon histological scores. These findings indicate a benefit to the use of MSCs and AdIGF-MSCs for the treatment of @entity924 .

title: Mesenchymal stem cells and XXXX gene-enhanced mesenchymal stem cells improve structural aspects of healing in @entity1641 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis', 'bilateral tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic injury']

answer: @entity13814 :: (100034198(Tax:9796),Gene) :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity1 with recurrence of @entity943 after the initial @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation procedure have resumption of pulmonary vein (PV) conduction. @entity859 -infusion test after PV isolation identifies acute dormant PV conduction during the index procedure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of @entity859 -infusion test at a repeat @entity955 ablation procedure. METHODS: This study included 50 consecutive @entity1 (38 @entity1 ; mean age 65    9 years) who underwent second ablation procedure for recurrent @entity4710 (s). At the index procedure, which was undertaken for paroxysmal @entity955 , all @entity1 underwent PV isolation and 48 of 50 (96%) underwent superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) isolation followed by @entity859 infusion. PV and @entity6480 were reisolated-if found reconnected-at the start of the second procedure. Thereafter, @entity859 -infusion test was undertaken for all PVs in all @entity1 . RESULTS: At the index procedure, @entity859 infusion revealed dormant PV conduction in 15 of 50 (30%) @entity1 . At the second procedure, after 10    10 months, PV and @entity6480 reconnections were observed in 46 of 50 (92%) and 33 of 48 (68.8%) @entity1 and they were reisolated. Subsequently, @entity859 -infusion test revealed dormant PV conduction in 9 of 50 (18%) @entity1 , including 3 of 50 (6%) who had no PV reconnection at the start of the procedure. In these 3 @entity1 , transient @entity955 resulted after @entity859 infusion, and at mean 8.0    3.4 months, they were free from any @entity943 after the elimination of dormant PV conduction alone. CONCLUSIONS: @entity859 -infusion test reveals dormant thoracic vein conduction associated with @entity943 recurrence in the chronic phase after the initial PV isolation.

title: Clinical utility of XXXX -infusion test at a repeat @entity955 ablation procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Multi-parameter flow cytometry (MPFC) was used to detect @entity41 ( @entity41 ) following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 21 @entity1 . Bone marrow (BM)was analyzed pre-transplant and 3-4 months post-BMT while the @entity1 were in clinical and morphological remission. @entity41 was detected by identifying cells with aberrant antigen expression and/or @entity1778 -associated phenotype (LAP) using MPFC. Prior to BMT, 8 out of 21 @entity1 exhibited normal antigen expression based on normal BM samples while 13 BM aspirates had abnormal MPFC. Pre-BMT MPFC was abnormal in all 10 @entity1 who were not in complete remission (CR) (>5% blasts in BM) as well as 3 @entity1 @entity981 ( @entity981 ) who were in CR. In BM from @entity981 @entity1 , an abnormal uniform B cell population was observed however antigen expression patterns varied greatly between @entity1 . BM from @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 showed an abnormal distribution of @entity2280 + cells. In addition, a correlation was observed between pre-BMT cytogenetics and MPFC. Only 2 out of 8 (25%) @entity1 with normal MPFC pre-autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) relapsed ( @entity3052 ), while 6 out of 13 (46%) @entity1 with abnormal pre-BMT MPFC relapsed including 2 out of 3 @entity1 who were transplanted in clinical CR. Pre-BMT MPFC may thus be an effective tool for detection of @entity41 by detection of a pre-transplant MPFC abnormality.

title: Detection of @entity41 ( XXXX ) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) by multi-parameter flow cytometry (MPFC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['MRD']


abstract: @entity23314 ( @entity23314 ) is over-expressed in @entity788 cells, and it is associated with the progression of @entity788 . We tested a single domain antibody (sdAb) targeting @entity23314 , 2A3, which was isolated previously from a @entity7857 immune library, and an Fc conjugated version of this sdAb, to determine how they affect the @entity788 cell line BxPC3. We also compared the effects of the antibodies to @entity136 . @entity136 and 2A3 slowed down @entity5 cell proliferation. However, only 2A3 retarded @entity5 cell invasion, angiogenesis within the @entity5 mass and BxPC3 cell @entity1495 activity, three features important for @entity5 growth and @entity3 . The IC50s for 2A3, 2A3-Fc and @entity136 were determined as 6.5 M, 8 M and 12nM, respectively. While the 2A3 antibody inhibited @entity1495 activity by 33% compared to non-treated control cells, @entity136 failed to inhibit @entity1495 activity. Moreover, 2A3 and 2A3-Fc inhibited invasion of BxPC3 by 73% compared to non-treated cells. When conditioned media that were produced using 2A3- or 2A3-Fc-treated BxPC3 cells were used in a capillary formation assay, the capillary length was reduced by 21% and 49%, respectively. Therefore 2A3 is an ideal candidate for treating @entity5 that over-express @entity23314 .

title: Single domain antibody against @entity23314 ( XXXX ) inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of @entity788 cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity23314 :: ('4680', 'Gene') :: ['CEACAM6', 'Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity23314 :: (4680,Gene) :: ['CEACAM6']


abstract: Expression and mutation analyses in @entity19 suggest that the homeobox-containing gene Engrailed (En) plays a role in dorsoventral patterning of the limb. During the initial stages of limb bud outgrowth, @entity29827 mRNA and protein are uniformly distributed throughout the ventral limb bud ectoderm. Limbs of @entity29827 (-/-) @entity19 display a double dorsal phenotype suggesting that normal expression of @entity29827 in the ventral ectoderm is required to establish and/or maintain ventral limb characteristics. Loss of @entity29827 function also results in ventral expansion of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), suggesting that @entity29827 is also required for proper formation of the AER. To further investigate the role En plays in dorsoventral patterning and AER formation, we have used the replication competent retroviral vector, RCAS, to mis-express @entity19 @entity29827 in the early @entity1573 limb bud. We show that ectopic @entity29827 expression in dorsal ectoderm is sufficient to repress the endogenous expression of the dorsal ectodermal marker @entity26212 , with a resultant decrease in Lmx1 expression in underlying dorsal mesenchyme. Furthermore, the AER is disrupted morphologically and the expression patterns of the AER signalling molecules @entity8739 and @entity11175 are altered. Consistent with recent evidence that there is a reciprocal interaction between signalling molecules in the dorsal ectoderm, AER, and zone of polarising activity (ZPA), loss of @entity26212 , @entity8739 and @entity11175 expression leads to a decrease in expression of the signalling molecule @entity6832 in the ZPA. These results strongly support the idea that, in its normal domain of expression, @entity29827 represses @entity26212 -mediated dorsal differentiation by limiting the expression of @entity26212 to the dorsal ectoderm. Furthermore, our results provide additional evidence that @entity29827 is involved in AER formation and suggest that @entity29827 may act to define ventral ectodermal identity.

title: The role of Engrailed in establishing the dorsoventral axis of the XXXX limb.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Because of the low overall response rates of 10-47% to targeted @entity5 therapeutics, there is an increasing need for predictive biomarkers. We aimed to identify genes predicting response to five already approved @entity669 kinase inhibitors. We tested 45 @entity5 cell lines for sensitivity to @entity2240 , @entity3866 , @entity9433 , @entity2857 and @entity4562 at the clinically administered doses. A resistance matrix was determined, and gene expression profiles of the subsets of resistant vs. sensitive cell lines were compared. Triplicate gene expression signatures were obtained from the caArray project. Significance analysis of microarrays and rank products were applied for feature selection. Ninety-five genes were also measured by RT-PCR. In case of four @entity2240 resistance associated genes, the results were validated in clinical samples by immunohistochemistry. A list of 63 top genes associated with resistance against the five @entity669 kinase inhibitors was identified. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed 45 of 63 genes identified by microarray analysis. Only two genes ( @entity41784 and @entity17355 ) were related to sensitivity against more than three inhibitors. The immunohistochemical analysis of @entity2240 -treated metastatic @entity1358 confirmed the correlation between @entity41785 , @entity41786 , and @entity5960 and overall survival. In summary, we determined predictive biomarkers for five @entity669 kinase inhibitors, and validated @entity2240 resistance biomarkers by immunohistochemistry in an independent @entity1 cohort.

title: Identifying resistance mechanisms against five XXXX kinase inhibitors targeting the ERBB/RAS pathway in 45 @entity5 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: @entity10063 / @entity42764 (VT/MT) producing neurons are known to migrate extensively during development of the hypothalamus. Birthdating studies as well as immunohistochemical studies suggested the possibility that VT/MT producing neurons originate from specific sites of the neural tube. Furthermore, a relationship between the site of origin and the eventual fate of VT/MT cells has been suggested. This study proposes to identify the sites of origin of VT/MT cells and to establish whether magnocellular and parvocellular VT/MT, and neuromodulatory and neurosecretory VT/MT arise from common or different areas of the developing neural tube. To do so, the embryological distribution of VT/MT producing neurons of the @entity1573 was studied with immunohistochemistry. Analysis of the youngest brains in which VT/MT cells could be detected (embryonic day 7.25, E7.25) suggested the presence of two separate sites of origin. The first site was located in the hypothalamic anlage, next to the third ventricle, and the second in the mesencephalon, next to the fourth ventricle. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the location of VT/MT cells throughout development substantiated the hypothesis that @entity1640 VT/MT cells originate from the first site while mesencephalic ones originate from the second site. Mesencephalic VT/MT producing cells were confined to the nucleus of Edinger-Westphal and were only detectable during a brief period in development (E7.25-E10). @entity1640 VT/MT producing neurons were noted to form two main paths from their sites of origin to the rostral diencephalon. Quantitative analysis confirmed this caudal to rostral displacement. Magnocellular and parvocellular VT/MT+ cells were intermingled at the @entity1640 site of origin as well as in the migratory paths. Neuromodulatory and neurosecretory VT/MT cells of the diencephalon appeared to be derived from a common @entity1640 site of origin. These studies support the hypothesis that while specific groups of progenitors may be important in allowing their offspring to produce VT/MT, they do not appear to influence the morphological attributes (magnocellular vs. parvocellular), nuclear locations, or functional characteristics of these cells.

title: Sites of origin and patterns of migration of XXXX / @entity42764 neurons in developing brain of the @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity42764 :: ('MESH:C001713', 'Chemical') :: ['mesotocin']

entities_list: @entity10063 :: ('MESH:D014668', 'Chemical') :: ['Vasotocin']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Diencephalic', 'diencephalic']

answer: @entity10063 :: (MESH:D014668,Chemical) :: ['vasotocin']


abstract: Here, we present the case of a @entity1 with bilateral choroidal metastases with extraocular extension in one eye. @entity3 of @entity3557 to the uvea is extremely rare, with only 6 @entity1 reported in the literature. A 62-year-old @entity1 with a prior history of @entity3557 suffered the rapid @entity1018 in his right eye. He had @entity2297 , @entity1713 , and a solitary choroidal mass. A month later, his left visual acuity also decreased because of a small macular choroidal mass. The right eye was enucleated and a nodular lesion over the sclera representing extraocular extension was observed. This @entity5 and the intraocular lesion were composed of papillary excrescences and cystic spaces and stained positively for @entity7457 and @entity3745 , all confirming the diagnosis of metastatic @entity3557 . The @entity5 in the left eye was successfully treated with diode laser transpupillary thermotherapy. The @entity1 expired within a month as a result of widespread pulmonary metastases. @entity3557 may @entity3 to the uvea bilaterally, cause rapid visual function loss, erode the sclera, and may extend outside the globe similar to @entity320 . This aggressive ocular involvement was associated with a dismal prognosis in our @entity1 .

title: XXXX : bilateral choroidal metastases with extrascleral extension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'Papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['total retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'metastasize']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor 1']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine the frequency of prescribing of immediate-release (IR) opioids, and @entity1245 , with both oral sustained-release (SR) and transdermal (TD) opioid maintenance treatment, in a rural population with chronic @entity158 (CNCP). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A longitudinal study measuring IR opioid and @entity1245 dispensed prescriptions (scripts) by route of maintenance opioid administration over time (monthly for 1 year). Subjects were opioid-treated CNCP @entity1 from Northwest Tasmania. The outcome measures of mean monthly scripts were analyzed using generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors. RESULTS: Details of 12,191 dispensed scripts were obtained from 140 subjects over 12 months. Mean monthly IR scripts with oral SR opioid maintenance were 0.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10; 0.32). With TD opioid maintenance, this was nonsignificantly lower (P = 0.06) at 0.04 (95% CI 0.00; 0.15). Mean monthly @entity1245 scripts with oral SR opioids were 0.47 (95% CI 0.32; 0.62), and unchanged (P = 0.84) for TD opioids at 0.45 (95% CI 0.28; 0.62). CONCLUSION: There was a nonsignificant trend toward reduced prescribing of IR opioids with TD opioid-maintained, compared with oral SR opioid-maintained, CNCP rural @entity1 . @entity1245 prescribing was similar for both groups. The rationale for use and the provision of breakthrough opioid analgesia for CNCP @entity1 are complex, both for @entity1 and their prescribers, while the regular use of @entity1245 compounds the sedation from the subjects' maintenance opioid. The prolonged analgesic affect of TD opioids may benefit rural and remote CNCP populations and reduce the risk of diversion associated with oral opioids.

title: The effect of transdermal opioid use on breakthrough opioid and sedative prescribing for rural XXXX with chronic pain in Northwest Tasmania: a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['noncancer pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue type plasminogen activator is the only approved thrombolytic agent for the treatment of @entity385 . However, it carries the disadvantage of a 10-fold increase in symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity932 . A safer thrombolytic agent may improve @entity1 prognosis and increase @entity1 participation in thrombolytic treatment. A novel direct-acting thrombolytic agent, /\(K2-K5) @entity1351 , promising an improved safety profile was examined for safety in the snare ligature model of @entity64 in the @entity35 . METHODS: Male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 were subjected to 6 hours @entity2500 followed by 18 hours reflow. Beginning 1 minute before reflow, they were dosed with saline, vehicle, /\(K2-K5) @entity1351 (0.15, 0.5, 1.5, and 5   mg/kg) or recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (10 and 30   mg/kg) by local intra-arterial infusion lasting 10 to 60 minutes. The @entity35 were assessed for bleeding score, @entity1188 volume, modified Bederson score and general behavioral score. In a parallel study, temporal progression of @entity1188 volume was determined. In an in vitro study, whole blood clots from @entity1 , @entity235 and @entity35 were exposed to /\(K2-K5). Clot lysis was monitored by absorbance at 280   nm. RESULTS: The main focus of this study was @entity932 safety. /\(K2-K5) @entity1351 treatment at the highest dose caused no more @entity932 than the lowest dose of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator, but showed at least a 5-fold superior safety margin. Secondary results include: temporal @entity1188 shows that the greatest expansion of @entity1188 volume occurs within 2-3 hours of @entity2500 in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . A spike in @entity1188 volume was observed at 6 hours @entity63 with reflow. /\(K2-K5) @entity1351 tended to reduce @entity1188 volume and improve behavior compared to controls. In vitro data suggests that /\(K2-K5) @entity1351 is equally effective at lysing clots from @entity1 , @entity235 and @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: The superior @entity932 safety profile of the direct-acting thrombolytic /\(K2-K5) @entity1351 compared with recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator makes this agent a good candidate for clinical evaluation in the treatment of acute @entity385 .

title: Safety evaluation of a recombinant @entity1351 derivative lacking kringles 2-5 and rt-PA in a @entity35 model of transient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct volume progression', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess safety and efficacy of the periurethral constrictor for the treatment of postprostatectomy urinary @entity322 . METHODS: Periurethral constrictor is a minimally invasive, low-cost (    2000) device based on an adjustable occlusive mechanism. From December 2004 to March 2010 the device was implanted in 66 @entity1 with mild to severe @entity322 (3 or more pads per day) through a 3- to 5-cm perineal incision. Median surgical time was 35 minutes (range 25-60). Discharge occurred on day 1 after removing the indwelling urethral catheter. RESULTS: In 4 cases (6%), the device was removed because of @entity281 . At 18 months, 62 @entity1 were valuable; continence was recovered totally in 49 cases (79%), partially in 9 (15%) cases, and remained unchanged in 4 (6%). No one needed self-catheterization to empty the bladder. CONCLUSION: Periurethral constrictor improved continence in most of the @entity1 . Nevertheless, a larger series and longer follow-up are needed to confirm safety and to test durability.

title: Safety and efficacy of periurethral constrictor implantation for the treatment of post-radical prostatectomy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection/periurethral erosion']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and @entity137 of chronomodulated @entity416 administered in the morning and at noon according to a specific time schedule (Brunch Regimen: Breakfast and Lunch) as a part of first-line XELOX chemotherapy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . METHODS: A total of 30 treatment-na  ve @entity14 @entity1 with @entity3 were included. Oxaliplatin 130  mg/m(2) on day 1 plus chronomodulated oral @entity416 2000  mg/m(2) per day were administered (50  % dose at 8:00 a.m. and 50  % dose at 12:00 noon on days 1-14, every 21  days). All adverse events, treatment responses and survival were evaluated. In addition, pharmacokinetic profile of @entity416 was examined in a subset of 5 @entity1 . RESULTS: Median age was 57.1  years (range 32-77  years). Median follow-up was 19  months (range 3-36  months). Three @entity1 (10  %) had complete response, 13 @entity1 (43.3  %) had partial response and 4 @entity1 (13.3  %) had @entity66 . Ten @entity1 had progressive disease at their first evaluation (33.3  %). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10  months (range 2-36  months). There were no grade 4 @entity137 . One @entity1 (3.3  %) had grade 3 @entity1398 . @entity8566 developed in three @entity1 (10  %): 6.6  %, grade 1 and 3.3  %, grade 2. CONCLUSIONS: Chronomodulated XELOX seems to represent a promising therapeutic option in the first-line treatment of metastatic @entity14 due to @entity5 control and favorable @entity137 profile. Phase III randomized trials are required to assess the actual clinical efficacy and side effect profile of this regimen.

title: Chronomodulated oxaliplatin plus @entity416 (XELOX) as a first line chemotherapy in metastatic XXXX : A Phase II Brunch regimen study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stabile disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['good tumor']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['Hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe the histologic and biomechanical changes of implanted dermal collagen graft materials. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty @entity95 were randomized into 2 groups (6 and 12 weeks, respectively). Each @entity95 had 4 graft segments ( @entity1 dermis, porcine dermis, porcine collagen-coated @entity7502 mesh, and autologous fascia) randomly implanted into the abdomen and the vagina. Biomechanical testing and histologic analysis was performed after recovery of graft segments. RESULTS: Dermal graft segments showed a marked decrease in ultimate strength (84% to 86%) and elastic modulus (73% to 82%) that was significantly different from the decrease seen in autologous fascia or coated synthetic mesh (P < .0008 and P < .0001, respectively). The decrease in ultimate strength was associated with vaginal implantation (P = .057). Dermal graft materials had moderate @entity32 and minimal collagen infiltration. CONCLUSION: The mechanical properties of dermal graft materials decline after implantation. Vaginal implantation may cause a different tissue response to graft material than abdominal implantation. Dermal graft material caused moderate @entity32 and minimal collagen ingrowth remote from implantation.

title: Histological and biomechanical evaluation of implanted graft materials in a XXXX vaginal and abdominal model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: 1. The role of large-conductance @entity141 -dependent K+ channels (BK-channels; also known as maxi-K- or slo-channels) in spike broadening during repetitive firing was studied in CA1 pyramidal cells, using sharp electrode intracellular recordings in @entity35 hippocampal slices, and computer modelling. 2. Trains of action potentials elicited by depolarizing current pulses showed a progressive, frequency-dependent spike broadening, reflecting a reduced rate of repolarization. During a 50 ms long 5 spike train, the spike duration increased by 63.6 +/- 3.4 % from the 1st to the 3rd spike. The amplitude of the fast after-hyperpolarization (fAHP) also rapidly declined during each train. 3. Suppression of BK-channel activity with (a) the selective BK-channel blocker iberiotoxin (IbTX, 60 nM), (b) the non-peptidergic BK-channel blocker @entity39271 (2-10 microM), or (c) @entity460 -free medium, broadened the 1st spike to a similar degree ( approximately 60 %). BK-channel suppression also caused a similar change in spike waveform as observed during repetitive firing, and eliminated (occluded) most of the spike broadening during repetitive firing. 4. Computer simulations using a reduced compartmental model with transient BK-channel current and 10 other active ionic currents, produced an activity-dependent spike broadening that was strongly reduced when the BK-channel inactivation mechanism was removed. 5. These results, which are supported by recent voltage-clamp data, strongly suggest that in CA1 pyramidal cells, fast inactivation of a transient BK-channel current ( @entity5835 ), substantially contributes to frequency-dependent spike broadening during repetitive firing.

title: The role of BK-type @entity141 -dependent K+ channels in spike broadening during repetitive firing in XXXX hippocampal pyramidal cells.

entities_list: @entity39271 :: ('MESH:C048220', 'Chemical') :: ['paxilline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Previous studies indicate that a water extract of @entity1534 (HPE) can promote neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions in vivo and in vitro. The objectives of this study were to assess whether HPE alters the rate of albumin leakage in @entity35 mesenteric venules and identify the factors that mediate the HPE-induced @entity409 . METHODS: Intravital microscopy was used to continuously monitor leukocyte adherence and emigration and albumin leakage in @entity35 mesenteric venules during superfusion with HPE. RESULTS: HPE increased leukocyte adherence and emigration and microvascular albumin leakage. The enhanced albumin leak could be subdivided into two components: an early (within 10 minutes) and a later (within 30 minutes) phase. HPE also elicited perivenular mast cell degranulation and the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates within post-capillary venules. The HPE-induced early phase of albumin leakage was attenuated by pretreatment with a mast cell stabilizer. The HPE-induced late phase of albumin leakage was reduced by monoclonal antibodies directed against either @entity19465 / @entity11265 or @entity1590 . A monoclonal antibody against P-selectin also inhibited the HPE-induced platelet-leukocyte aggregation and reduced the later phase of albumin leak. CONCLUSIONS: HPE-induced @entity409 appears to be a consequence of interstitial and intravascular cell-cell interactions.

title: @entity1534 -induced microvascular protein leakage in XXXX : role of neutrophils, mast cells, and platelets.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize @entity5 vascularization by dynamic-contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI using low and medium molecular weight paramagnetic contrast agents (CA) and inversion recovery (IR) true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) in @entity5 -bearing @entity35 and @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: T(1) mapping was performed using IR True FISP in phantoms and in vivo at 4.7 T and validated with a segmented IR gradient-echo (IR GE) method. CA concentration in DCE-MRI studies in vivo was calculated from time-series T(1) maps using the CAs @entity14999 and P792 (low and medium molecular weight, respectively). Standard vascular input functions (VIFs) were measured in the jugular veins and were used for modeling of the CA kinetics with a two-compartment model. In @entity35 @entity0 , vascular permeability (transfer constant K(trans)), fractional plasma volume v(p), and fractional leakage space v(e) were quantified and parametric maps were generated. RESULTS: The IR TrueFISP T(1) was slightly underestimated in phantoms and overestimated in vivo (10%) with respect to IR GE. VIFs showed only small interindividual variation. Mean K(trans) values were 0.062 +/- 0.017 min(-1) for @entity14999 and 0.015 +/- 0.005 min(-1) for P792 (N = 12). Mean v(e) and v(p) values were 0.15 +/- 0.04 (0.09 +/- 0.03) and 0.04 +/- 0.01 (0.03 +/- 0.01) for @entity14999 (P792). CONCLUSION: DCE-MRI with IR TrueFISP provided absolute values for K(trans), v(p), and v(e). Direct comparison between @entity14999 and P792 revealed significant differences in the VIF, model-fit-quality, permeability, leakage space, and plasma volume. The larger molecular weight CA P792 appears to be better for measuring @entity5 vascular parameters.

title: Quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in @entity5 -bearing XXXX and @entity19 with inversion recovery TrueFISP and two contrast agents at 4.7 T.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The opening of @entity972 (K+) channels during regional ischaemia may, by inducing rapid contractile arrest, be an intrinsic energy sparing mechanism. Thus K+ channel openers (for example, lemakalim) exert significant anti-ischaemic effects, whereas @entity5217 exacerbates @entity1159 and limits postischaemic functional recovery. The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of these compounds to influence @entity130 when used either alone or in combination with rapid arrest induced by a high K+ cardioplegic solution. METHODS: Contractile function of isolated Langendorff perfused @entity35 hearts was assessed using an intraventricular balloon. Hearts were subjected to normothermic global ischaemia (20 min) or @entity1167 (35 min) with and without @entity5217 or lemakalim. Lemakalim (10 mumol.litre-1) or @entity5217 (10 mumol.litre-1) was given, in the presence or absence of cardioplegia, for 2 min immediately prior to the onset of ischaemia. The rate of ischaemia induced contractile failure, the severity of @entity1159 , and the degree of postischaemic functional recovery were all measured. RESULTS: In the absence of cardioplegia, the time to contractile arrest in control hearts was 133 (SEM 4) s. This was increased by @entity5217 , to 145(6) s, and decreased by lemakalim, to 112(6) s. The time to onset of @entity1159 [8(1) min] was accelerated by @entity5217 [4(1) min] and delayed by lemakalim [14(1) min]. Lemakalim significantly improved the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure from 49(7)% in control hearts to 65(3)%, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure from 41(3) to 21(4) mm Hg. Hearts pretreated with @entity5217 showed similar recoveries to control hearts. During reperfusion, lemakalim exerted a transient vasodilator effect whereas @entity5217 caused a transient vasoconstriction. When either @entity5217 or @entity31802 was added to a high K+ cardioplegic solution and hearts rendered ischaemic for 35 min, the ability of both compounds to influence @entity1159 and postischaemic functional recovery was lost. In additional studies the effect of lemakalim on the relative times to ischaemia induced mechanical failure and electrical arrest was assessed. In control hearts the time to contractile failure was 128(5) s and the time to electrical arrest was 241(30) s, while in the lemakalim treated hearts the values were 103(2) s and 509(161) s, respectively. In the lemakalim group all the hearts showed sustained @entity943 ; in the control group there were no @entity943 . CONCLUSIONS: Lemakalim can exert a significant anti-ischaemic effect when given alone. This effect is lost when it is used in combination with high K+ cardioplegia. The anti-ischaemic properties of lemakalim may thus be limited to its ability to accelerate contractile arrest.

title: Effects of XXXX channel modulation during global ischaemia in isolated @entity35 heart with and without cardioplegia.

entities_list: @entity31802 :: ('MESH:D019806', 'Chemical') :: ['lemakalim']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic contracture']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic injury']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with increased prevalence of @entity1031 events. We aimed to investigate whether @entity28 @entity1 might benefit from vigorous aerobic exercise. Forty-two overweight and @entity28 @entity1 performed a 30-min walking exercise test (treadmill ergometer) at an intensity of 70% of individual peak @entity26 uptake. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise. Thrombelastometry and platelet function measurements were performed on whole blood. Standard coagulation times, @entity556 generation curves, markers of @entity556 generation, fibrinolytic parameters, plasma levels of pro- and anticoagulatory factors, and microparticle procoagulant activity were determined in platelet-poor plasma samples. Thrombelastometry revealed a significant prolongation of clot formation time (P = 0.037) and a significant deceleration of fibrin build up (alpha angle, P = 0.034) after exercise. Calibrated automated thrombography revealed a significant exercise-induced decrease in endogenous @entity556 potential (P = 0.039). Moreover, @entity556 formation stopped earlier postexercise, reflected in shortened StartTail (P = 0.046). Significantly elevated tissue-plasminogen activator levels (P = 0.001) indicate an exercise-induced activation of the fibrinolytic system. White blood cell count increased significantly from pre- to postexercise (P = 0.045), indicating a mild exercise-induced @entity491 . The results of this study demonstrate that vigorous aerobic exercise might be a suitable tool to protect @entity28 @entity1 from @entity715 events. We show that a single bout of vigorous aerobic exercise is clearly associated with an activation of the fibrinolytic system and a decreased readiness of the postexercise samples to form a clot and to generate @entity556 , the pivotal enzyme of hemostasis.

title: Effects of a single bout of walking exercise on blood coagulation parameters in @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of hydro-MRI in the diagnosis of chronic @entity29 ( @entity29 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 33 @entity1 with suspected @entity30 or @entity31 were studied prospectively. After distension of the colon by a rectal enema, breathhold MR imaging was performed during bowel relaxation. Results were compared to the clinical diagnosis, endoscopy, barium studies and histopathology. RESULTS: 24/24 @entity1 with active @entity30 were correctly diagnosed by MRI. Conversely, MRI was positive in only 2/5 @entity1 with @entity31 . In 5 @entity1 the presence of @entity29 was excluded. There were no false positives. CONCLUSION: Hydro-MRI is a very reliable modality in the diagnosis of @entity30 . In the differentiation of @entity30 from @entity31 , hydro-MRI seems to be a promising imaging procedure.

title: [The hydro-MRT of chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the small area system developed in Finland. To illustrate the use of the system with analyses of incidence of @entity2 around an asbestos mine. To compare the performance of different spatial statistical models when applied to sparse data. METHODS: In the small area system, @entity5 and population data are available by sex, age, and socioeconomic status in adjacent "pixels", squares of size 0.5 km x 0.5 km. The study area was partitioned into sub-areas based on estimated exposure. The original data at the pixel level were used in a spatial random field model. For comparison, standardised incidence ratios were estimated, and full bayesian and @entity3628 were fitted to aggregated data. Incidence of @entity2 around a former asbestos mine was used as an illustration. RESULTS: The spatial random field model, which has been used in former small area studies, did not converge with present fine resolution data. The number of neighbouring pixels used in smoothing had to be enlarged, and informative distributions for hyperparameters were used to stabilise the unobserved random field. The ordered spatial random field model gave lower estimates than the Poisson model. When one of the three effects of area were fixed, the model gave similar estimates with a narrower interval than the Poisson model. CONCLUSIONS: The use of fine resolution data and socioeconomic status as a means of controlling for confounding related to lifestyle is useful when estimating risk of @entity5 around point sources. However, better statistical methods are needed for spatial modelling of fine resolution data.

title: Small area estimation of incidence of XXXX around a known source of exposure with fine resolution data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['empirical bayesian models']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The clinical relevance of resting state functional connectivity in @entity16 , including mesial @entity1315 (mTLE), remains unclear. This study investigated how connectivity in the default mode network changes with unilateral damage to one of its nodes, the hippocampus (HC), and how such connectivity can be exploited clinically to characterize @entity2414 and indicate postsurgical memory change. METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting state scans and neuropsychological memory assessments (Warrington Recognition Tests for Words and Faces) were performed on 19 healthy controls, 20 @entity1 with right mTLE, and 18 @entity1 with left mTLE. In addition, postsurgical fMRI resting state and memory change (postsurgical memory performance-presurgical memory performance) data were available for half of these @entity1 . KEY FINDINGS: @entity1 with mTLE showed reduced connectivity from the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to the epileptogenic HC and increased PCC connectivity to the contralateral HC. Stronger PCC connectivity to the epileptogenic HC was associated with better presurgical memory and with greater postsurgical memory decline. Stronger PCC connectivity to the contralateral HC was associated with less postsurgical memory decline. Following surgery, PCC connectivity to the remaining HC increased from presurgical values and showed enhanced correlation with postsurgical memory function. It is notable that this index was superior to others (hippocampal volume, preoperative memory scores) in explaining variance in memory change following surgery. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate the striking clinical significance of the brain's intrinsic connectivity in evaluating cognitive capacity and indicating the potential of postsurgical cognitive morbidity in @entity1 with mTLE.

title: Default mode network connectivity indicates episodic memory capacity in mesial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Castration resistance occurs in most @entity1 with metastatic hormone-sensitive @entity263 who are receiving @entity342 -deprivation therapy. Replacing @entity3800 before progression of the disease is hypothesized to prolong @entity342 dependence. METHODS: @entity1 with newly diagnosed, metastatic, hormone-sensitive @entity263 , a performance status of 0 to 2, and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 5 ng per milliliter or higher received a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue and an antiandrogen agent for 7 months. We then randomly assigned @entity1 in whom the PSA level fell to 4 ng per milliliter or lower to continuous or intermittent @entity342 deprivation, with @entity1 stratified according to prior or no prior hormonal therapy, performance status, and extent of disease (minimal or extensive). The coprimary objectives were to assess whether intermittent therapy was noninferior to continuous therapy with respect to survival, with a one-sided test with an upper boundary of the hazard ratio of 1.20, and whether quality of life differed between the groups 3 months after randomization. RESULTS: A total of 3040 @entity1 were enrolled, of whom 1535 were included in the analysis: 765 randomly assigned to continuous @entity342 deprivation and 770 assigned to intermittent @entity342 deprivation. The median follow-up period was 9.8 years. Median survival was 5.8 years in the continuous-therapy group and 5.1 years in the intermittent-therapy group (hazard ratio for @entity204 with intermittent therapy, 1.10; 90% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.23). Intermittent therapy was associated with better erectile function and mental health (P<0.001 and P=0.003, respectively) at month 3 but not thereafter. There were no significant differences between the groups in the number of treatment-related high-grade adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings were statistically inconclusive. In @entity1 with metastatic hormone-sensitive @entity263 , the confidence interval for survival exceeded the upper boundary for noninferiority, suggesting that we cannot rule out a 20% greater risk of @entity204 with intermittent therapy than with continuous therapy, but too few events occurred to rule out significant inferiority of intermittent therapy. Intermittent therapy resulted in small improvements in quality of life. (Funded by the National @entity5 Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00002651.).

title: Intermittent versus continuous XXXX deprivation in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: PSA is an oncodevelopmental antigen usually expressed in @entity1 @entity5 with high metastatic potential. Here we set up a metastatic model in @entity19 by using TE671 cells, which strongly express PSA- @entity2940 . We observed the formation of lung @entity3 when TE671 cells were injected intravenously, intramuscularly, and intraperitoneally, but not subcutaneously. Intraperitoneal injections also induced peritoneal carcinosis, @entity843 , and liver @entity3 . To evaluate the putative role of PSA in the metastatic process we used a specific cleavage of PSA on @entity2940 by endoneuraminidase-N on intraperitoneal @entity5 . @entity19 with primary @entity5 were taken as control. Repeated injections of endoneuraminidase-N led to a decrease in PSA expression in primary intraperitoneal nodules and @entity843 but not in intramuscular @entity5 . Endoneuraminidase-N also increased the delay in @entity843 formation and decreased the number of lung or liver @entity3 in the case of intraperitoneal @entity5 but not in the case of @entity5 . When @entity3 occurred in endoneuraminidase-N injected animals, they strongly expressed PSA- @entity2940 . Therefore, we established a relationship between PSA expression on the surface of primary @entity5 cells and the metastatic process.

title: A XXXX model of @entity1 rhabdomyosarcoma lung @entity3 for evaluating the role of polysialic acids in the metastatic process.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intramuscular tumors', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['ascites', 'ascitic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity302 is a controllable disorder if detected and treated early. For most families in rural areas of less developed countries, however, treatment can be delayed because of the inaccessibility of specialist neurological assessment facilities. We aimed to find a practical solution to rural @entity302 control by doing a non-randomised trial in south India. METHODS: 135 @entity1 with partial or generalised @entity410 agreed to long-term treatment with @entity109 (n=68), @entity3174 (n=60), or both (n=7). Drugs were given once daily, and at the lowest effective dose, by trained primary-care physicians and health workers. All management was entirely clinical. The main outcome measure was absence of @entity410 of any type for at least 2 years (terminal remission). Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: The proportion with terminal remission at each of 4 successive years of follow-up ranged from 58% to 66% for @entity1 who were drug compliant and who had a lifetime total of 30 or fewer generalised @entity410 . The corresponding range for @entity1 who were not compliant and who had ever had more than 30 such @entity410 was 6-16%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that strict drug compliance and early treatment were important predictors of a 2-year terminal remission. Clinical adverse effects were noted in three (4%) @entity1 on @entity109 and 67 (43%) of those on @entity3174 (mainly in the form of @entity7138 ). INTERPRETATION: In rural areas of less developed countries, @entity302 control in its early stages can be practical and effective with existing resources. The key to success is a combination of trained primary-care physicians, health workers, inexpensive @entity109 , drug compliance, health education, and follow-up.

title: @entity302 control with @entity109 or XXXX in rural south India: the Yelandur study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity7138 :: ('MESH:D005885', 'Disease') :: ['gingival hyperplasia']

answer: @entity3174 :: (MESH:D010672,Chemical) :: ['phenytoin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is as high as 66 % in the general population. Constipation rates of >30 % were reported among @entity1 with LUTS. We examined the association of chronic @entity1142 to the occurrence of LUTS and, in particular, the relationship of LUTS to the type of @entity1142 . We also examined the prevalence and association of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) to LUTS. METHODS: In a retrospective survey of data collected on @entity1 referred to our clinic during 2008-2009 for assessment of chronic @entity1142 , 161 constipated @entity1 and 162 healthy female volunteers completed a structured questionnaire of urinary and bowel habits components (BBUS-Q22), the @entity1142 scoring system for assessment of @entity1142 severity and the @entity2244 and chronic @entity1142 . The constipated group underwent dynamic transperineal ultrasound. RESULTS: Demographic data was similar in both groups. LUTS were more common in the constipated group (increased urinary frequency 34 % vs. 14 %, p < 0.001, @entity2183 31 % vs. 8 %, p < 0.001, urinary urgency 53 % vs. 21 %, p < 0.001, incomplete urinary emptying 24 % vs. 9 %, p = 0.003 and urinary incontinence 21 % vs. 5 %, p < 0.0001). Urinary symptoms did not vary between @entity5377 and functional @entity1142 . In addition, the occurrence of urinary symptoms was unrelated to the diagnosis of posterior pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in the constipated group. CONCLUSIONS: LUTS are common in constipated @entity1 , but are unrelated to the type of @entity1142 . These findings may suggest that the @entity1142 process may have a direct contribution to the occurrence of LUTS.

title: Lower urinary tract symptoms in chronically constipated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['Rome III component for IBS']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: 1. The literature, both clinical and experimental, suggests that tricyclic antidepressants are potentially epileptogenic. Using the experimental model of @entity302 provided by the photosensitive @entity3474 , Papio papio, the @entity302 potential of four antidepressant drugs, two of which are tricyclic, has been assessed. The drugs used were @entity2645 1, 10 and 20 mg/kg, @entity8991 1, 10 and 20 mg/kg, @entity5081 1 and 10 mg/kg and @entity7831 10 and 20 mg/kg. In a second series of experiments the @entity750 ( @entity750 ) precursor @entity2476 ( @entity2476 ) 10 and 25 mg/kg has been administered before administration of @entity2645 10 mg/kg and @entity8991 10 mg/kg. 2. The results of the experiments indicate that at 10 mg/kg @entity2645 , @entity8991 and @entity5081 all induce @entity410 and lower the @entity410 threshold. In contrast @entity7831 at this dose did not alter the @entity410 threshold. @entity2476 25 mg/kg administered before the antidepressants, abolished @entity410 . These results are discussed in the light of other experiments which have attempted to explain the pathophysiology of @entity302 following antidepressants, and it is concluded that dopaminergic mechanisms are probably responsible for the differing effect noted with @entity7831 .

title: Effect of XXXX on brain amines and @entity302 in photosensitive baboons.

entities_list: @entity7831 :: ('MESH:D009627', 'Chemical') :: ['nomifensine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorimipramine']

entities_list: @entity5081 :: ('MESH:D008376', 'Chemical') :: ['maprotiline']

entities_list: @entity2476 :: ('CHEBI:28171', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptophan', '5-HTP']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

answer: @entity7831 :: (MESH:D009627,Chemical) :: ['nomifensine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the period 2001-2002, Burkina Faso reported its first @entity693 due to @entity3631 (Nm) serogroup W135, prompting concerns that this serogroup would persist as a cause of @entity66 . METHODS: During the period 2002-2005, hospital- and population-based surveillances were conducted in 3 districts in Burkina Faso. Etiology was determined by culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and latex agglutination. Reference laboratories determined phenotype and genotype. RESULTS: Of 2004 subjects who received a lumbar puncture, 265 were identified as having Nm, including 93 who had Nm serogroup A (NmA) and 146 who had Nm serogroup W135 (NmW135). Over the study period, the proportion of cases due to NmW135 decreased by >75%, primarily because of decreased occurrence among young @entity1 and in a single district. During @entity18474 months, the annualized incidence of NmW135 decreased from 146 cases to <1 case per 100,000 population. All but 2 NmW135 isolates were phenotype W135:2a:P1.5,2 (sequence type [ST]-11 clonal complex). All NmA isolates were phenotype A:4:P1-9 (ST-2859 of the ST-5 clonal complex). We identified 1 isolate from serogroup Y (ST-11 clonal complex), 1 isolate from serogroup X that was similar to strains previously associated with @entity66 , and 1 isolate from serogroup W135 of the newly described ST-4375 complex. CONCLUSIONS: For unknown reasons, serogroup W135 achieved @entity3082 status, primarily among young @entity1 , and then largely disappeared over a short time period. The continued circulation of multiple strains with @entity3082 potential emphasizes the need for ongoing surveillance and the potential benefit of vaccines that are protective across serogroups.

title: The rise and @entity3082 @entity3631 serogroup W135 XXXX in Burkina Faso, 2002-2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic disease']

entities_list: @entity18474 :: ('MESH:C564040', 'Disease') :: ['peak epidemic']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis epidemic']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']