abstract: 1. The extent of conversion of @entity598 - @entity505 to @entity544 in the rumen of a 40 kg wether consuming 1 kg molasses/d was estimated using isotope-tracer-dilution techniques. 2. There was a high rate of conversion of @entity598 to @entity515 (6.0 g C/d) in the rumen. There were high concentrations in the rumen of Methanosarcina approximately 6 x 10(9)/ml which represents a significant proportion of the rumen bacterial biomass. These organisms are usually found in mud and sludge and are capable of oxidizing @entity598 . 3. The most likely explanation of these results was that there was an extensive secondary or sludge-type fermentation occurring in the rumen which results in volatile @entity1718 being converted to @entity515 and @entity577 . In similar studies with @entity742 given lucerne (Medicago sativa) diets, conversion of @entity598 -C to @entity515 within the rumen was not evident. 4. It is suggested that a major effect of the presence of secondary fermentation processes in the rumen may be to reduce availability of energy nutrients to the animal, and to alter the ratio protein:energy in the absorbed nutrients.

title: Secondary fermentation in the runen of a XXXX given a diet based on molasses.

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity78 cements control @entity548 and are safe to use in osteoporotic sternums during open heart surgery. We looked at the clinical and radiographic effects of this agent on bone healing. DESCRIPTION: Since March 2006, 18 @entity1 had @entity78 cement inserted in their sternal tables at heart surgery. They were followed-up by office visits and chest computed tomographic (CT) scans. All preoperative and postoperative CT chest scans were evaluated for cement absorption, bone replacement, and bone density. EVALUATION: Five preoperative and 41 postoperative CT chest scans were available for evaluation. Median interval from surgery to CT scan was 531 days (range, 3 to 966 days). At follow-up there were neither clinical dehiscences nor nonunions of the sternums. @entity78 cement appears to reabsorb quickly, but not completely. Five @entity1 with pre-surgical CT chest scans demonstrated an average, improved bone density of 281.66 Hounsfield units at follow-up (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In each @entity1 , cement was replaced by new bone, and there is evidence that more bone is present as a result of cement use.

title: XXXX cements improve bone density when used in osteoporotic sternums.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate', 'Calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['Calcium phosphate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The current study analyzes the potential role of radiotherapy (RT) in @entity2695 ( @entity2695 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seven cooperating German institutions collected clinical information, treatment plans, and outcome data for all @entity1 with @entity2695 referred for local RT. RESULTS: From 1969 to 2008, a total of 84 @entity1 with 96 symptomatic lesions were irradiated for @entity2695 . The primary indication for radiotherapy was @entity158 (97.6%), and 28.6% of @entity1 had additional neurological symptoms. RT was performed at a median total dose of 34 Gy, with a median single dose of 2.0 Gy. After receiving a median follow-up of 68 months, the overall @entity1 response rate was 90.5%. Complete symptom remission occurred in 61.9% of @entity1 , 28.6% of @entity1 had partial @entity158 relief, and 9.5% of @entity1 had no @entity158 relief. In 26.2% of @entity1 , radiological signs of reossification were observed in long-term follow-up but not significantly correlated with @entity158 relief. Most importantly, total doses of >/=34 Gy resulted in significantly greater symptomatic relief and control rate than total doses of <34 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: This study consists of the largest database of cases reported so far using RT for @entity2695 . RT is easy, safe, and effective for @entity158 relief treatment for @entity2695 . Total doses of at least 34 Gy give the best symptomatic response.

title: Radiotherapy for symptomatic XXXX : results of a multicenter study and literature review.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic vertebral hemangioma', 'SVH']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['vertebral hemangiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An early diagnosis of @entity1897 in @entity6 @entity1 is useful in order to slow down the progress of this complication. Nerve conduction tests are the gold standard for this diagnosis but they are challenging for the @entity1 . This study examines whether it is possible to assess the presence of @entity3949 at an early stage by static posturography tests. METHODS: Static posturography tests were performed on 37 type-2 @entity6 subjects (25 @entity1109 @entity1 and 12 non- @entity1109 control subjects). Each subject was tested twice under two visual conditions: open and closed eyes. Both "global" (classic) and "structural" (model-based) posturographic parameters (PP) were derived from centre-of-pressure trajectories. A total of 65 PP were computed but only five were selected, normalized and fed to a linear classifier based on linear discriminant analysis. RESULTS: This method correctly classified 86.5% of the @entity1 . Five subjects were misclassified and only 2 false negatives out of 25 @entity1109 subjects were erroneously diagnosed as control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This paper shows that "global" and "structural" parameters derived by static posturography tests, and classic linear statistical approaches, can be used for the diagnosis of @entity16 provided PP are properly chosen and normalized.

title: Identification of @entity1897 in type-2 XXXX subjects by static posturography and linear discriminant analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: In 24 temporal bones from @entity1 with @entity8719 prepared by the method of microdissection and surface preparations, otosclerotic foci could be clearly seen during removal of the otic capsule. The state of activity of each focus was estimated on the basis of its consistency and vascularity. Small anterior foci constituted the most common form of involvement of the otic capsule. All were judged to be inactive, and none of them appeared to have caused obvious @entity528 . No cases of "pure @entity8719 " were seen. @entity528 was associated with large anterior foci which reached the upper basal turn. One specimen displayed a circumscribed @entity528 in the upper basal turn, with an almost exact correspondence between the location and extent of the @entity18129 and the site of invasion by the otosclerotic process in the @entity79 media and scala tympani. It is postulated that a toxic factor had diffused from the focus and acted directly on the organ of Corti. When multiple foci were present they were usually poorly defined. The otosclerotic process involved the round window, with new lamellar bone formation in the scala tympant of the lower half of the basal turn. The most extensive @entity528 in the entire material was seen in this group. One specimen also had severe cochlear hydrops. In three specimens large shunts were observed to connect the otosclerotic foci with the cochlear vasculature, which was severely dilated. Where @entity8719 involved the endosteum of the scala tympani, loss of vessels was observed. One specimum with extensive active capsular @entity8719 had severe @entity528 . Vestibular pathology in fenestrated ears is also described. In a specimen from a @entity1 with no caloric reaction, numerous hair cells were present in the macular organs.

title: Cochlear and vestibular lesions in capsular XXXX as seen in microdissection.

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis', 'cochlear otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and endosteum bordering on scala']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural degeneration of the vestibular system', 'Sensorineural degeneration', 'sensorineural degeneration']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear lesion']

answer: @entity8719 :: (MESH:D010040,Disease) :: ['otosclerosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Prolongation of the electrocardiographic PR interval, known as first-degree @entity713 when the PR interval exceeds 200 milliseconds, is frequently encountered in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of PR prolongation in ambulatory individuals. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Prospective, community-based cohort including 7575 individuals from the Framingham Heart Study (mean age, 47 years; 54% @entity1 ) who underwent routine 12-lead electrocardiography. The study cohort underwent prospective follow-up through 2007 from baseline examinations in 1968-1974. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations of PR interval with the incidence of arrhythmic events and @entity204 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident @entity955 ( @entity955 ), pacemaker implantation, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: During follow-up, 481 @entity1 developed @entity955 , 124 required pacemaker implantation, and 1739 died. At the baseline examination, 124 individuals had PR intervals longer than 200 milliseconds. For those with PR intervals longer than 200 milliseconds compared with those with PR intervals of 200 milliseconds or shorter, incidence rates per 10 000 @entity1 -years were 140 (95% confidence interval [CI], 95-208) vs 36 (95% CI, 32-39) for @entity955 , 59 (95% CI, 40-87) vs 6 (95% CI, 5-7) for pacemaker implantation, and 334 (95% CI, 260-428) vs 129 (95% CI, 123-135) for all-cause mortality. Corresponding absolute risk increases were 1.04% ( @entity955 ), 0.53% (pacemaker implantation), and 2.05% (all-cause mortality) per year. In multivariable analyses, each 20-millisecond increment in PR was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02-1.22; P = .02) for @entity955 , 1.22 (95% CI, 1.14-1.30; P < .001) for pacemaker implantation, and 1.08 (95% CI, 1.02-1.13; P = .005) for all-cause mortality. Individuals with first-degree @entity713 had a 2-fold adjusted risk of @entity955 (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.36-3.12; P < .001), 3-fold adjusted risk of pacemaker implantation (HR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.83-4.57; P < .001), and 1.4-fold adjusted risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.44, 95% CI, 1.09-1.91; P = .01). CONCLUSION: Prolongation of the PR interval is associated with increased risks of @entity955 , pacemaker implantation, and all-cause mortality.

title: Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree XXXX .

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal vein embolization (PVE) is employed to @entity409 (FRL) volume through induction of hepatocellular regeneration in the nonembolized liver lobe. The regenerative response is commonly determined by CT volumetry after PVE. The aim of the study was to examine plasma @entity3645 and @entity1674 in the prediction of the regenerative response following PVE. METHODS: PVE of the cranial liver lobe was performed in 15 @entity95 , divided into three groups: @entity1219 (control), gelatin sponge (short-term occlusion), and @entity4832 particles with coils (PVAc, long-term occlusion). In all @entity95 CT volumetry and blood sampling were performed prior to PVE and on days 3 and 7. Plasma @entity3645 and @entity1674 were correlated with volume increase of the nonembolized liver lobe. RESULTS: After 3 and 7 d, respectively, FRL volume was increased in both embolized groups, with the largest @entity1184 response observed in the PVAc group. Plasma @entity6741 levels were increased after PVE, especially in the PVAc group at day 3 (P < 0.01 compared to gelatin sponge). Plasma @entity3645 at day 3 predicted FRL volume increase at day 7 showing a positive correlation of 0.811 (P < 0.001). Levels of @entity1674 were not significantly altered in either of the PVE procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma @entity6741 levels early after PVE strongly correlated with the regenerative response in a @entity95 model of PVE, showing more pronounced elevation with larger volume increase of the nonembolized lobe. Therefore, plasma @entity3645 , but not @entity1674 , can be used in the prediction of the regenerative response after PVE.

title: XXXX predict liver regeneration in @entity95 model of portal vein embolization.

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['increase future remnant liver']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['Bile salts']


abstract: We analyzed infections that occurred within one month prior to LT, identified factors associated with their occurrence and effect of infections on post-transplant mortality. The study group included 40 consecutive @entity1 who underwent LT. Sites and types of @entity281 and culture results were recorded prospectively. IID was assessed. Risk factors for the infectious events were analyzed. Forty @entity281 episodes were found in 24 @entity1 (60%); 90% were bacterial, 7.5% fungal, and 2.5% viral. Overall, IID was 38.2 per 1000 @entity1 days. Sites of @entity2348 were urinary tract in 13 events (36.1%) and blood stream in 11 events (30.5%). @entity2259 (culture positive @entity281 episodes) was identified in 19 events (52.7%). Gram-negative isolates were twice as frequent as Gram-positive infections (63.1% vs. 36.9%). Risk factors for the infectious complications were young age, low body weight, prior abdominal surgery, chronic @entity409 related to biliary problems, presence of @entity843 , portal @entity101 and @entity82 , and high @entity16900 score (p < 0.05 for all). @entity166 in pediatric LT candidates are common. Preventive measures are important not only to reduce the infectious complications but also to prevent the post-operative mortality.

title: XXXX in pediatric liver transplantation candidates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteremia']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['Infectious complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate CAT-192, a recombinant human antibody that neutralizes @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), in the treatment of early-stage diffuse cutaneous @entity785 (dcSSc). METHODS: @entity1 with SSc duration of <18 months were randomly assigned to the placebo group or to 1 of 3 CAT-192 treatment groups: 10 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg. Infusions were given on day 0 and weeks 6, 12, and 18. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of CAT-192. Secondary outcomes included the @entity272 ( @entity272 ), the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire, assessment of organ-based disease, serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor, collagen propeptides (N propeptide of type I [PINP] and type III collagen), and tissue levels of messenger RNA for procollagens I and III and for @entity2533 and @entity6474 . RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 were enrolled. There was significant morbidity and mortality, including 1 @entity204 in the group receiving 0.5 mg/kg of @entity32715 deaths in the group receiving 5 mg/kg of CAT-192. There were more adverse events and more serious adverse events in @entity1 receiving CAT-192 than in those receiving placebo, although these events were not more frequent in the high-dose treatment group. The @entity272 improved in all groups during the study, but there was no evidence of a treatment effect for CAT-192. Improvement in the @entity272 correlated with the disease duration (r = -0.54, P = 0.0008). Changes in the PINP level from baseline correlated with changes in the @entity272 (r = 0.37, P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: We report the first evaluation of a systemically administered and repeatedly dosed anti- @entity2533 drug. In this pilot study, CAT-192, in doses up to 10 mg/kg, showed no evidence of efficacy. The utility of clinical and biochemical outcome measures and the feasibility of multicenter trials of early dcSSc were confirmed.

title: Recombinant human anti- @entity2533 antibody therapy in XXXX : a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial of CAT-192.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta1', 'TGFbeta1']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['modified Rodnan skin thickness score', 'MRSS']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: The ultrastructural features of @entity1567 were investigated. The morphological comparison between @entity1567 and enamel organ was made, and the cause of the appearance of granular cells in the @entity5 was discussed. The peripheral columnar cells were morphologically similar to the inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. The central cells were similar to the stellate reticulum cells. There were not stratum intermedium-like cells in the @entity5 . This implied that the @entity5 were developed earlier than the enamel organ of bell stage. The squamous cells were sometimes found in the central part of the @entity5 cell masses. These cells were flat with a few organelles in the plasma, but had a lot of tonofilaments. This suggested that these cells were not active. Upon the ultrastructure, however, it could not be determined whether the appearance of these cells reflected a low differentiation or a degeneracy. Granular cells contained a lot of lysosomes, but no autophage was noticed. We thought that the appearance of these cells was due to accumulation of some unusual substances in the cells, the substances might be related with the glycosaminoglycan.

title: [The ultrastructure of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['five mandibular ameloblastomas', 'ameloblastoma']

answer: @entity1567 :: (MESH:D000564,Disease) :: ['ameloblastoma']


abstract: The definition of normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH), in adults, associates clinical signs (Adams and Hakim triad) involving @entity426 , @entity322 and @entity303 , associated with aspects on brain imaging that are consistent with this hypothesis and also normal or slightly @entity428 . The aim of this study was to clarify the techniques and methods facilitating the diagnosis of NPH. The literature review has been conducted from the Medline database without date limitation including the keywords "normal pressure @entity1276 " and "diagnosis." They should appear in the article title. From the 43 initially sorted, only 13 have been selected using exclusion criteria. The proposed methods are very sparse and focused on the improvement after surgical shunt. This focus is independent from the diagnosis criteria proposed in 2005. This introduces an ambiguity in the interpretation of the results. In practice, the diagnosis of NPH is more difficult in the elderly population where differential diagnoses are frequent, particularly @entity455 ( @entity455 ) and @entity195 . The more invasive techniques as continuous spinal drainage (usually during 3 days) or some features of @entity2841 dynamics (Rout, compliance) seem to be the best predictors of after shunt improvement. However, these techniques are difficult to use in routine in the elderly. The combination of Evans index and corpus callosum angle on MRI is very useful to improve the differential diagnosis with @entity194 . Spinal tap test (lumbar puncture with the removal of 40 mL of @entity2841 ) can be repeated two or three times for consecutive days to improve the predictive value before shunting. Gait and balance often improve after shunt, more than cognition and @entity1494 . In the elderly population, the prognosis after 3 years is non conclusive despite initial improvement. Poor prognosis seems to be due to associated pathologies in particular @entity179 . This should be considered in decision-making of @entity2841 shunt.

title: [Diagnosis of normal pressure XXXX in elderly patients: a review].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'notably microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder disorders']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait disorders']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study to prevent @entity1956 in 235 babies born to chronic @entity1956 , HBeAg carriers was carried out. Babies in three treatment groups all received heat-inactivated @entity1956 vaccine. In addition multiple doses of HBIG and a single dose of HBIG were given in groups I and II respectively. After three years of follow-up, 4/60 (Group I), 3/64 (Group II), @entity676 (Group III) developed @entity281 . For those who escaped @entity281 , other @entity99 events also occurred. They were transient HBs-antigenaemia, anti- @entity13210 conversion and significant rise in anti-HBs titre without seroconversion for anti- @entity13210 . It was deduced that 30% of babies born to @entity99 carriers are naturally protected from @entity281 . Immunization, with vaccine only, protects another 46%. The addition of single and multiple doses of @entity28943 protects another 10% and 5%, respectively. 2% acquired intrauterine infection and 7% failed to respond to the most intensive immunization schedule.

title: XXXX in infants after neonatal immunization.

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection', 'hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['Hepatitis B infection']


abstract: This paper reports the preliminary results of a controlled study randomizing MOPP vs. a new four-drug combination (ABVD) in advanced @entity978 . ABVD consists of 6 cycles of @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 , and @entity33107 . The purpose for designing this new combination was two-fold: to compare the efficacy of ABVD with MOPP, and to demonstrate absence of cross-resistance between the two regimens. Of 60 @entity1 entered into the study, 45 (MOPP25, ABVD20) are presently evaluable for the analysis of remission induction. No @entity1 was previously treated with chemotherapy; 20% had relapsed after primary radiotherapy. Whenever possible, complete remission was defined also through rebiopsy of known organ involvement. Complete remission occurred in 76% of @entity1 treated with MOPP and in 75% of those given ABVD, with no difference between the two regimens as far as stage (IIIB-IIIS and IV), histologic type, and prior irradiation were concerned. Crossover carried out for progressive disease or for relapse after initial remission showed absence of cross-resistance between MOPP and ABVD. @entity137 manifestations after ABVD were in general well tolerated and reversible. The percent of optimal dose for each drug was as follows: @entity632 87%, @entity5713 87%, @entity1732 96%, and @entity33107 96%. These preliminary results indicate that in terms of complete remission, ABVD could represent a successful alternative to MOPP to be used either in MOPP failures or in sequential combination with MOPP. However, the lack of long-term followup limits at the present time an adequate comparison between the two treatments.

title: Combination chemotherapy of XXXX with @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 , and @entity33107 versus MOPP.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity33107 :: ('MESH:C031340', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole carboxamide']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: IB-type natriuretic peptide is a card  ac neurohormone secreted by the card  ac ventricules in response to @entity2554 so plasma @entity3876 level correlate with left ventricular mass and dysfunction. Dialysis @entity1 have much greater levels of @entity3876 due to the @entity1284 and because of reduced renal clearance. The aim of this study was to mesure and compare the @entity3876 levels in three groups of @entity1 who received different hemodiafiltration techniques: Daily online hemodiafiltration (HDFOLd), on-line hemodiafiltration (HDFOL) and low convective volume hemodiafiltration (HDF). Fifteen @entity1 were included, five in each group. Pre and postdialysis @entity3876 leves were measured during 8 weeks. The measure was done at the beginning of the week (long period), and at the end (short period), in order to study if there were significative differences between techniques and periods. We found significative differences between predialysis @entity3876 levels in the short period (BNPpreC) and the long period (BNPpre-L). We also found significative differences with the posdialysis @entity3876 in both periods; BNPpre- L vs. BNPpos-L (1069+/-1031 vs. 612 +/- 540). After comparing the three techniques the study showed significative differences between BNPpreC in HDF and HDFOL compared with HDFOld. And also after dialysis between BNPpos-C in HDFOLd compared with the other techniques. CONCLUSION: Although previous papers have shown that @entity3876 levels have limited potential for assessment of hydration in hemodialysis @entity1 , in this study our data demonstrate that after dialysis @entity3876 levels decline in a significative way in the long and short period and we have found that @entity1 on daily hemodialysis show lower @entity3876 levels, and maybe this could be explained because daily on-line haemodiafiltration @entity1 had lower weight rise between dialysis sessions and also better haemodynamic tolerance.

title: [Determination of brain natriuretic peptide in XXXX undergoing different haemodiafiltration techniques].

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of graded full-thickness anterior blepharotomy for upper eyelid retraction of various causes not associated with @entity2194 . METHODS: Twenty-one eyelids of 18 @entity1 with upper eyelid retraction not caused by @entity2194 were treated with graded full-thickness anterior blepharotomy. @entity86 , midpupil to upper eyelid distance, lagophthalmos, and superficial punctuate keratopathy were evaluated. RESULTS: Upper eyelid retraction was due to @entity2103 in 4 @entity1 (22%), @entity1736 in 5 @entity1 (28%), and cicatrix after @entity130 in 6 @entity1 (33%). One @entity1 each (6% each) had retraction from graft-versus-host disease, after blepharoplasty, and after orbicularis oculi myectomy for @entity9663 . At a mean of 10 months follow-up, presenting symptoms resolved or improved in 17 @entity1 (94%) and remained unchanged in 1 @entity1 (6%). Midpupil to upper eyelid distance, lagophthalmos, and superficial punctuate keratopathy all improved significantly (all p < 0.001). No surgical complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Graded full-thickness anterior blepharotomy is a safe, effective, and rapid technique for @entity1 with symptomatic upper eyelid retraction due to etiologies other than @entity2194 . This technique improves symptoms and signs of ocular exposure while addressing relative upper eyelid height symmetry and contour.

title: Graded full-thickness anterior blepharotomy for correction of upper eyelid retraction not associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Graves eye disease']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative and postoperative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['overcorrected ptosis']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['thyroid eye disease']


abstract: When we repetitively lift an object, the balance between grip force normal to the object's surface and load force tangential to the object's surface is accurately programmed to match the physical object properties within a few lifts. Here, we ask if the accuracy of grip force scaling to object weight and the transfer of weight-related information from one hand to the other is impaired in @entity2746 . Subjects with generalized @entity76 were tested. Subjects first repeatedly lifted a constant weight with the dominant hand, followed by a series of lifts of the same weight with the opposite hand. The experiments were performed with a light and a heavy weight. @entity1 and controls scaled the grip force output differentially to different weight. The comparison of grip force scaling for the first and last lifts with a constant weight demonstrated that healthy subjects and cerebellar @entity1 adjusted grip forces more accurately to a specific weight with increasing number of lifts performed at each hand. The ability to transfer weight-related information from one hand to the other was analyzed by comparing the last lift with a constant weight of the dominant hand with the first lift of the same weight performed by the opposite hand. Healthy subjects scaled the grip force output precisely to a given weight immediately after a change in hand, suggesting that they succeeded to transfer weight-related information in between both hemispheres. In contrast, cerebellar @entity1 produced an inaccurate grip force overshoot when lifting a given weight with the opposite hand. Our data suggest that the cerebellum plays a major role for the generalization of weight-related information during object manipulation.

title: Impaired generalization of weight-related information during grasping in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar degenerative disorders']

answer: @entity2746 :: (MESH:D013132,Disease) :: ['cerebellar degeneration']


abstract: PURPOSE: Existing studies of diet and @entity1313 have been limited by small numbers in histology-specific subgroups. Dietary data from an international collaborative case-control study on @entity1313 were used to evaluate associations between histology-specific risk and consumption of specific food groups. METHODS: The study included 1548 cases diagnosed between 1984 and 1991 and 2486 control subjects from 8 study centers in 6 countries. Of the 1548 cases, 1185 were @entity11 , 332 were @entity1653 , and 31 were other @entity5 types. Dietary consumption was measured as average grams per day. RESULTS: We found inverse associations between some vegetable groups and @entity11 risk, the strongest for yellow-orange vegetables (odds ratio [OR], 0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9 for the 4th vs. 1st quartile of consumption, p for trend<0.001), and the association was limited to specific @entity11 subtypes. There was no association with cured meat. Non-cured meat was associated with a modest increase in @entity11 risk (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.7 for 4th quartile vs. 1st quartile, p for trend=0.01). We also found positive associations between egg, grain, and citrus fruit consumption and @entity11 but not @entity1653 risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that selected dietary food groups may be associated with @entity11 and its subtypes but not @entity1653 .

title: An international case-control study of adult diet and XXXX risk: a histology-specific analysis by food group.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['adult gliomas', 'gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['adult brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no systemic therapies known to facilitate wound healing in @entity1 with @entity4240 ( @entity4240 ). OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the feasibility of a trial to examine the efficacy of @entity206 ( @entity1597 ) in healing chronic wounds in @entity1 with @entity4240 and to examine the effect of @entity1597 on lesion counts, quality of life, and emergence of antibiotic resistance. METHODS: We conducted a feasibility study using a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design. The study took place between October 2006 and September 2007 in the @entity2640 clinic at the Hospital for Sick @entity1 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Liquid @entity1597 or placebo was given orally or via @entity5274 in two divided doses for 2 months; the main outcome measure was a decrease in surface area of selected chronic wounds. RESULTS: Ten subjects with @entity4240 were enrolled in the study; 7 completed both study arms (4 male, 3 female). Age at enrollment was 14    5.4 years. Although all @entity1 showed improved wound healing on @entity1597 , the crossover analysis, @entity1597 versus placebo, approached but did not reach statistical significance (P = .08). While receiving @entity1597 , 6 of 7 @entity1 had more than 50% reduction in chronic wound surface area; while receiving placebo, 2 of 6 @entity1 had more than 50% reduction in wound surface area (P = .03). Secondary outcome measures did not achieve statistical significance. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size is a limitation. CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential efficacy of @entity1597 in improving wound healing in @entity4240 , and provides useful information for further prospective studies.

title: The efficacy of @entity206 in wound healing of @entity1 with XXXX : a feasibility trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2640 :: ('MESH:D004820', 'Disease') :: ['epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity4240 :: ('MESH:D016108', 'Disease') :: ['RDEB', 'recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity2640 :: (MESH:D004820,Disease) :: ['epidermolysis bullosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a Hep-2/5-Fu of @entity1 drug-resistant @entity189 cell line, and to screen the possible drug resistance-associated genes. METHOD: Hep-2/5-Fu of a @entity1 @entity189 cell line was induced by continuously exposing @entity1 @entity189 cells to gradually increasing concentrations of 5-Fu. The growth law was observed and the growth curve was protracted. The drug resistance of Hep-2/5-Fu was measured by @entity98 assay and the drug resistant index RI was calculated. Genes expressed differentially between Hep-2/5-Fu and its parent cell line Hep-2 were screened using a gene chip, and several selected drug resistance associated genes were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT: Compared with its parental cells, the drug resistance cell line had slower growth rate and larger size. The Hep-2/5-Fu cell line showed cross drug resistance to 5-Fu, @entity900 and @entity1891 . There were 1210 differentially expressed genes possibly associated with drug resistance by the gene chip screening method. The possible drug resistance-related genes included @entity1364 D, @entity2301 , @entity8187 , and @entity20405 . The expression of @entity1364 D in the Hep-2/5-Fu cell line was 6.5997 times of that in the parent cell line. RT-PCR results were consistent with the gene chip results. CONCLUSION: The altered biological properties of Hep-2/5-Fu may be related to its drug resistance phenotype. Several genes, such as @entity1364 D, are possibly involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in this cell line.

title: [Establishment of a XXXX @entity189 Hep-2/5-Fu cell line and the screening of differentially expressed genes].

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma', 'drug resistant laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing @entity28 and poor @entity65 ( @entity65 ) contribute to higher rates of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity1 . While the relative contributions of fitness and body fat on development of insulin resistance (IR) in @entity1 and adolescents remains unresolved, gender- and race-specific differences likely exist in the degree to which @entity65 influences IR and risk for @entity6 . Better understanding of how gender and race affect interactions between body fat, @entity65 , and metabolic health would be helpful in designing effective and targeted strategies to reduce @entity28 -associated disease risk. We evaluated whether metabolic benefits of fitness on reducing @entity32 and insulin resistance (IR) are affected by gender and race. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 203 healthy @entity1 (mean age 12.2 y, 50% male, 46% non-Hispanic white (NHW), 54% racially diverse (RD)). Fasting insulin, @entity413 , hsCRP, and adiponectin were measured; race was self-reported; @entity65 ( @entity65 ) was evaluated by the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run. Associations between @entity32 and gender, race, and @entity65 were evaluated using analysis of covariance. Multivariate regression analysis identified independent predictors of IR. RESULTS: Fitness and @entity32 were inversely related in both males and females (p < 0.01); this effect was marginally stronger in RD @entity1 (p = 0.06) and non-overweight males (p = 0.07). High BMI (p < 0.001), low fitness (p = 0.006), and (female) gender (p = 0.003) were independently associated with higher HOMA-IR. In males, BMI and fitness, but not race independently predicted HOMA-IR. In females, BMI and race, but not fitness independently predicted HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS: In middle school @entity1 , the beneficial effects of fitness vary based on gender and race. High @entity65 has an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect in male and RD @entity1 . While BMI is the strongest predictor of IR in the study group as a whole, fitness is a significant predictor of IR only in males, and race is a significant predictor of IR only in females.

title: Gender and race influence metabolic benefits of fitness in XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular fitness', 'CVF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: This paper reports the preliminary results of a controlled study randomizing MOPP vs. a new four-drug combination (ABVD) in advanced @entity978 . ABVD consists of 6 cycles of @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 , and @entity33107 . The purpose for designing this new combination was two-fold: to compare the efficacy of ABVD with MOPP, and to demonstrate absence of cross-resistance between the two regimens. Of 60 @entity1 entered into the study, 45 (MOPP25, ABVD20) are presently evaluable for the analysis of remission induction. No @entity1 was previously treated with chemotherapy; 20% had relapsed after primary radiotherapy. Whenever possible, complete remission was defined also through rebiopsy of known organ involvement. Complete remission occurred in 76% of @entity1 treated with MOPP and in 75% of those given ABVD, with no difference between the two regimens as far as stage (IIIB-IIIS and IV), histologic type, and prior irradiation were concerned. Crossover carried out for progressive disease or for relapse after initial remission showed absence of cross-resistance between MOPP and ABVD. @entity137 manifestations after ABVD were in general well tolerated and reversible. The percent of optimal dose for each drug was as follows: @entity632 87%, @entity5713 87%, @entity1732 96%, and @entity33107 96%. These preliminary results indicate that in terms of complete remission, ABVD could represent a successful alternative to MOPP to be used either in MOPP failures or in sequential combination with MOPP. However, the lack of long-term followup limits at the present time an adequate comparison between the two treatments.

title: Combination chemotherapy of @entity978 with @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 , and XXXX versus MOPP.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity33107 :: ('MESH:C031340', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole carboxamide']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity33107 :: (MESH:C031340,Chemical) :: ['imidazole carboxamide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In approximately 6% of balanced chromosomal rearrangements carriers, @entity717 , @entity154 and @entity154 can be found. The abnormal phenotype might be the result of genomic imbalance or aberrant expression caused by direct breakage of a dosage sensitive gene. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY: To estimate the frequency and implication of the submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations on the abnormal phenotypes present in @entity1 with balanced chromosomal rearrangements. Also an attempt was made to define the type of @entity74 and gene identification responsible for the @entity717 and additional clinical features. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 22 @entity1 with @entity717 , @entity154 and @entity154 were analysed. Molecular karyotyping was performed in all @entity1 using FISH with region-specific BAC clones, high resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR-CGH) or array CGH (aCGH). A targeted or whole genome microarrays were applied. RESULTS: In 5 of 22 carriers 6 microdeletions and one duplication were found (7/22, 31.8%). Only two microdeletions were mapped at the chromosomal breakpoints. Three rearrangements had more complex structure than conventional methods demonstrated. In the chromosomal breakpoints of 21 @entity1 the 24 genes, which functions suggest the relationship between abnormal gene expression and @entity1 ' @entity717 , were mapped. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that in a considerable group of @entity1 with balanced chromosomal rearrangements and abnormal phenotype the cryptic aberrations, unidentified by conventional methods, are present. These results confirmed the legitimacy of detailed analysis of the chromosomal breakpoints as well as the whole genome screening with the use of new cytogenetic methods.

title: [Balanced chromosomal rearrangements resulting in XXXX . An analysis of 22 cases with application of CGH and FISH methods].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal sympathetic hyperactivity is associated with @entity101 and its progression, @entity740 , and @entity712 . We did a proof-of-principle trial of therapeutic renal sympathetic denervation in @entity1 with resistant @entity101 (ie, systolic blood pressure >/=160 mm Hg on three or more antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic) to assess safety and blood-pressure reduction effectiveness. METHODS: We enrolled 50 @entity1 at five Australian and European centres; 5 @entity1 were excluded for anatomical reasons (mainly on the basis of @entity8 ). @entity1 received percutaneous radiofrequency catheter-based treatment between June, 2007, and November, 2008, with subsequent follow-up to 1 year. We assessed the effectiveness of renal sympathetic denervation with renal @entity1063 spillover in a subgroup of @entity1 . Primary endpoints were office blood pressure and safety data before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after procedure. Renal angiography was done before, immediately after, and 14-30 days after procedure, and magnetic resonance angiogram 6 months after procedure. We assessed blood-pressure lowering effectiveness by repeated measures ANOVA. This study is registered in Australia and Europe with ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT 00483808 and NCT 00664638. FINDINGS: In treated @entity1 , baseline mean office blood pressure was 177/101 mm Hg (SD 20/15), (mean 4.7 antihypertensive medications); estimated glomerular filtration rate was 81 mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2) (SD 23); and mean reduction in renal @entity1063 spillover was 47% (95% CI 28-65%). Office blood pressures after procedure were reduced by -14/-10, -21/-10, -22/-11, -24/-11, and -27/-17 mm Hg at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. In the five non-treated @entity1 , mean rise in office blood pressure was +3/-2, +2/+3, +14/+9, and +26/+17 mm Hg at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. One intraprocedural renal artery dissection occurred before radiofrequency energy delivery, without further sequelae. There were no other @entity455 . INTERPRETATION: Catheter-based renal denervation causes substantial and sustained blood-pressure reduction, without serious adverse events, in @entity1 with resistant @entity101 . Prospective randomised clinical trials are needed to investigate the usefulness of this procedure in the management of this condition.

title: Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant XXXX : a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['dual renal artery systems']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Investigations on prevalence rates in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) have raised fairly different results due to variations in methodology. Door-to-door studies in circumscribed geographical areas revealed lower prevalence rates in China and Japan compared to countries of the Western hemisphere. Due to the health system organization and present legislation on personal data referral such systematic door-to-door epidemiological surveys seem nearly impossible in the Federal Republic of Germany. The present pilot study therefore used doctor's practices as a means to obtain evidence rates on @entity1 diagnosed on and treated for @entity191 . Standardized questionnaires with appropriate items regarding symptoms, diagnosis and treatment for the disease were distributed by mail or personally in 387 practices of general practitioners, internal specialists, neurologists, and psychiatrists and 3 hospital ambulances in the handestadt L  beck, the Kreis Stormarn and the Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg. Investigation time was March, 1 to June, 30, 1987. Each @entity1 cared for @entity191 was to fill up a personal questionnaire with similar items as well. A second estimation of prevalence was made according to published sales of L-Dopa drugs for treatment of @entity191 . The third estimation used statistics about disease pattern of the Bundesverband der Allgemeinen Ortskrankenkassen (AOK). Participation of doctors was to be maintained high by varying methods of repeated requirements during the investigation period. 41 of 210 (20%) of the doctors requested by mail and 126 of the 180 visited physicians (70%) participated in the study with 1018 @entity1 altogether. The estimate of prevalence for the Hansestadt L  beck was 188, for the Kreis Stormarn 206 and for the Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg 147 @entity1 per 100,000 (183 in toto). According to latest data on L-Dopa drug sale the prevalence rate in the above areas was 144/100,000. According to the statistics of disease pattern of the AOK the prevalence estimate was 185/100,00 assured @entity1 . These results are discussed with special emphasis on the methodological aspects.

title: [The prevalence of XXXX in West Germany--are general practice data a suitable survey instrument?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", 'IPD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Currently, the association between abdominal aortic plaques and @entity453 ( @entity453 ) has not yet been clarified clearly. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal aortic plaques by ultrasound imaging and to explore its association with @entity453 in @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: Between October 2014 and June 2015, a prospective study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology at Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, @entity1 's Republic of China. Ultrasound scanning of the abdominal aortas was performed in 1,667 consecutive @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography. Clinical characteristics and coronary profile were collected from the @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 1,667 study @entity1 (male, 68.9%; mean age, 63  11 years) undergoing coronary angiography, 1,268 had @entity453 . Compared with 399 @entity1 without @entity453 , 1,268 @entity1 with @entity453 had higher prevalence of abdominal aortic plaques (37.3% vs 17%, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, abdominal aortic plaques served as independent factors associated with the presence of @entity453 (odds ratio =2.08; 95% confidence interval =1.50-2.90; P<0.001). Of the 1,268 @entity1 with @entity453 , the prevalence of abdominal aortic plaques was 27.0% (98/363) in @entity1 with one-vessel disease, 35.0% (107/306) in @entity1 with two-vessel disease, and 44.7% (268/599) in @entity1 with @entity66 . Stepwise increases in the prevalence of @entity1028 was found depending on the number of stenotic coronary vessels (P<0.001; P-value for trend <0.001). In an ordinal logistic regression model, abdominal aortic plaques served as independent factors associated with the severity of @entity453 according to the number of stenotic coronary vessels (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of abdominal aortic plaques was higher in @entity1 with @entity453 than in those without @entity453 . Abdominal aortic plaque was an independent factor associated with the presence and severity of @entity453 .

title: Association between XXXX and @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic plaque']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['three-vessel disease']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic plaque']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the role of institution and surgeon factors, including case volume and experience, on survival of neonates with complex @entity299 . METHODS: A total of 2421 neonates from 4 groups-transposition of the great arteries (n = 829), @entity1146 with intact @entity67 (n = 408), Norwood (n = 710), and interrupted aortic arch (n = 474)-were prospectively enrolled from Congenital Heart Surgeons Society institutions. Multivariable analysis of risk-adjusted survival was performed for each group, entering each institution or surgeon into the multivariable analysis separately. Institutional performance was defined as [predicted survival - actual survival]. Neutralization of risk factors within each institution was evaluated using complex interaction terms. Institution and surgeon experience, defined by 5 domains (total case volume, total time each operation was performed, cases per year, rank-order of cases, case velocity), were also investigated. RESULTS: Institutional performance varied among all groups. Improved outcomes in Norwood and @entity1146 with intact @entity67 were unrelated to any "experience" domains, whereas improved outcomes in transposition of the great arteries were significantly related to increased experience in most domains. No institution enrolling in all 4 studies ranked number 1 in performance for all groups. Neutralization of low birth weight as a risk factor contributed to decreased mortality after Norwood in one institution. CONCLUSION: Survival of neonates with complex @entity299 is influenced more by @entity1 and management factors than by institution or surgeon experience. Institutional excellence in managing some diagnostic groups does not indicate similar performance for all diagnostic groups. Weighted risk-adjusted comparisons could provide a mechanism to improve results in institutions with less than optimal outcomes.

title: Lesion-specific outcomes in neonates undergoing congenital heart surgery are related predominantly to XXXX and management factors rather than institution or surgeon experience: A Congenital Heart Surgeons Society Study.

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septum']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of perioperative blood transfusion on @entity5 related survival and infective complications after radical operations for @entity14 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: District hospital in Sweden. SUBJECTS: 217 @entity1 who fulfilled the criteria for inclusion, out of 392 consecutive @entity1 operated on for @entity14 between 1975 and 1979. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and @entity5 related mortality depending on whether blood was transfused and, if so, how much. RESULTS: Dukes' stage (p < 0.001), @entity5 (p < 0.05) and the number of units transfused (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with @entity5 related mortality. @entity1 with @entity5 transfused with 1-2 units had significantly better survival than those transfused with more than 4 units (p < 0.05), but this was not the case for @entity5 . There was no significant association between blood transfusion and the incidence of infective complications. CONCLUSION: Though there seems to be an association between the number of units of blood transfused and @entity5 related survival in @entity1 with @entity5 , this does not necessarily imply causation. We recommend that until this is clarified by large, prospective investigations, autologous blood should be used whenever possible, and unnecessary blood transfusion should be avoided.

title: Adverse effects of perioperative blood transfusion in XXXX with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumours', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'colonic tumours']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to show the feasibility of 50-MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to image the @entity35 colon. METHODS: B-mode images were obtained from ex vivo colon samples (n = 4) collected from @entity35 (Berkenhout, 1769) @entity35 , with @entity10776 -induced @entity1960 in 3 of them. Left colon rectangular fragments (5 x 5 mm) were obtained after necropsy, and UBM images were acquired with the samples immersed in saline at 37 degrees C. All layers of the normal intestinal wall were analyzed according to their thickness and the presence of uneven bowel mucosa ( @entity1066 ). The folds and layers detected by UBM were correlated with histopathologic analysis. RESULTS: The 4 layers of the normal colon were identified on the UBM images: the mucosa (hyperechoic), muscularis mucosae (hypoechoic), submucosa (hyperechoic), and muscularis externa (hypoechoic). On 2 UBM images, superficial @entity1066 were detected, approximately 0.5 mm in size, with intestinal involvement limited to the mucosa. The histopathologic analysis verified @entity1283 due to an @entity4 associated with sub-mucosa leukocyte infiltration. On 1 UBM image, it was possible to detect a deep @entity1066 , which was confirmed by the light microscopic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: An ultrasound imaging system was scaled and optimized to visualize the @entity35 colon. Ultrasound biomicroscopy provided axial and lateral resolutions close to 25 and 45 mum, respectively, and adequate penetration depth to visualize the whole thickness of an inflamed colon. The system identified the colon layers and was able to detect mural changes and superficial @entity1066 on the order of 500 mum.

title: In vitro ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of submucosa layers']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Rattus norvegicus', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity10776 :: ('CHEBI:53063', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We use data collected on 18,1-ha live trapping grids monitored from 1994 through 2005 and on five of those grids through 2013 in the mesic northwestern US to illustrate the complexity of the deer @entity19 ( @entity36318 )/ @entity22918 (SNV) host-pathogen system. Important factors necessary to understand zoonotic disease ecology include those associated with distribution and population dynamics of reservoir species as well as infection dynamics. Results are based on more than 851,000 trap nights, 16,608 individual deer @entity19 and 10,572 collected blood samples. Deer @entity19 were distributed throughout every habitat we sampled and were present during every sampling period in all habitats except high altitude habitats over1900 m. Abundance varied greatly among locations with peak numbers occurring mostly during fall. However, peak rodent abundance occurred during fall, winter and spring during various years on three grids trapped 12 mo/yr. Prevalence of antibodies to SNV averaged 3.9% to 22.1% but no grids had mice with antibodies during every month. The maximum period without antibody-positive @entity19 ranged from one month to 52 months, or even more at high altitude grids where deer @entity19 were not always present. Months without antibody-positive @entity19 were more prevalent during fall than spring. Population fluctuations were not synchronous over broad geographic areas and antibody prevalences were not well spatially consistent, differing greatly over short distances. We observed an apparently negative, but non-statistically significant relationship between average antibody prevalence and average deer @entity19 population abundance and a statistically significant positive relationship between the average number of antibody positive @entity19 and average population abundance. We present data from which potential researchers can estimate the effort required to adequately describe the ecology of a @entity1800 . We address different factors affecting population dynamics and hantavirus antibody prevalence and discuss the path to understanding a complex rodent-borne disease system as well as the obstacles in that path.

title: How much effort is required to accurately describe the complex ecology of a XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity22918 :: ('37705', 'Species') :: ['Sin Nombre virus']

entities_list: @entity36318 :: ('10042', 'Species') :: ['Peromyscus maniculatus']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['rodent-borne viral system']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['rodent-borne viral disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To discuss the clinical pharmacology of currently licensed veterinary NSAIDs and to review gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects as well as drug-drug interactions that have been reported with these drugs. To review the use of NSAIDs in the peri-operative setting and their use in @entity1 with @entity571 . To further review the reported effects of NSAIDs on @entity235 articular cartilage and liver as well as the clinical relevance of a washout period. DATABASES USED: PubMed, CAB abstracts and Google Scholar using @entity235 , dogs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and NSAID(s) as keywords. CONCLUSIONS: A good understanding of the mechanisms by which NSAIDs elicit their analgesic effect is essential in order to minimize adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. @entity30999 ( @entity30999 ) is present in at least two active isoforms in the body and is the primary pharmacologic target of NSAIDs. Inhibition of @entity30999 is associated with the analgesic effects of NSAIDs. @entity30999 is present in the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, along with other areas of the body, and is also the likely reason for many adverse effects including gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects. The newer veterinary approved NSAIDs have a lower frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects in @entity235 compared to drugs such as @entity117 , @entity7988 and @entity3259 , which may be due to differential effects on the @entity30999 isoforms. There are currently no published reports demonstrating that the newer NSAIDs are associated with fewer renal or hepatic adverse effects in @entity235 . NSAIDs remain the cornerstone of oral therapy for @entity571 unless contraindicated by intolerance, concurrent therapies or underlying medical conditions. NSAIDs are also effective and frequently used for the management of post-operative @entity158 .

title: Clinical pharmacology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3259 :: ('MESH:C014557', 'Chemical') :: ['flunixin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The facial flat wart (verruca plana) is one of the most common reasons for dermatology and primary care visits. Although there are many therapeutic modalities, no single therapy has been proven to be completely curative. Case reports and uncontrolled studies suggested that photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical @entity2518 ( @entity6053 ) can effectively treat recalcitrant @entity4891 . A total of 12 @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity4891 were enrolled in the study. @entity6053 gel (10  %) was applied topically to lesions and incubated for 3  h. The lesions were irradiated by an LED light of 630        10  nm at dose levels of 60-100  mW/cm. Clinical assessment was conducted before and after every treatment for up to 24  weeks. Among the ten @entity1 completing three sessions of @entity6053 -PDT, five had complete lesions clearance, and the other five @entity1 were significantly improved. At the 24-week follow-up, the average effective rate was 88.8  %, with no recurrences. No significant side effects were reported. A low-dose topical @entity6053 -PDT regimen using 10  % @entity6053 , 3  h incubation, and a red light source for three treatment sessions are suggested as the optimal scheme for the treatment of recalcitrant flat warts on the face in Chinese @entity1 . Superior efficacy is found in elevated or active period lesions with mild side effects.

title: Off-label photodynamic therapy for recalcitrant @entity4891 using topical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity4891 :: ('MESH:D014860', 'Disease') :: ['facial flat warts']

answer: @entity2518 :: (CHEBI:17549,Chemical) :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']


abstract: The elimination of native and @entity1735 -modified tissue type plasminogen activator ( @entity3479 ) after an i.v. bolus injection was studied in @entity95 . @entity3479 with a low content of @entity3913 ( @entity1 - @entity3479 ) was obtained by treatment with alpha-mannosidase, which cleaves terminal @entity3913 from the @entity1735 side chains of the molecule. About 50% of the total @entity3913 was removed from the native @entity3479 . Clearance of @entity3479 in @entity95 was followed by measurements of both the fibrinolytic activity of the activators and the radioactivity of the @entity1496 -labelled compounds. A biphasic mode of elimination of the fibrinolytic activity as well as the radioactivity was found with both the native and the @entity1735 modified @entity3479 . The initial half-life (t 1/2 alpha) was the same, about 1.5 minutes, for both compounds, irrespective of method of analysis. The late half-life (t 1/2 beta) was also the same, about 15 minutes, for both compounds. However, the beta-elimination of native @entity3479 could only be determined accurately from radioactivity data in the dosages tested, i.e. up to 2 mg of @entity3479 . No dose dependency in the elimination pattern was observed. In gel filtration experiments, with plasma from the @entity95 , it was demonstrated that in addition to fibrinolytically active @entity3479 and @entity1 - @entity3479 , both fibrinolytically inactive high molecular weight complexes and low molecular weight degradation products of the activators were present in plasma after injection of the compounds. The second phase of elimination (beta) was much more pronounced after mannosidase treatment of the @entity3479 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Elimination of native and XXXX -modified tissue plasminogen activator in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: The @entity238 white gene is a member of the @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily and is involved in the cellular uptake of @entity2340 . Its @entity1 homologue gene (hW) has been mapped to chromosome 21q22.3. @entity2340 is the precursor for the neurotransmitter @entity750 , which has been implicated in the regulation of mood and @entity148 . The locus 21q22.3 has also been reported to be associated with @entity1316 . The 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) in the hW gene has been shown to contain a polymorphic poly(T) region. We have identified a new polymorphism @entity28481 in the 3'-UTR in the present study. We examined the relationship between these polymorphisms and mood and @entity4697 , and a significant association between the poly(T) polymorphisms and @entity1316 was detected (P=0.039 (allele frequency)). Associations were found between the polymorphisms and mood (poly(T) polymorphism: P=0.047 (allele frequency), @entity28481 : P=0.040 (allele frequency), P=0.044 (genotype frequency)) and @entity4697 ( @entity28481 : P=0.026 (allele frequency), P=0.011 (genotype frequency)) in males, but not in females. These findings suggest that the hW gene may be an important gene in the control of mood and @entity148 as well as one of the genetic factors related to @entity1316 and @entity4697 in males. The statistical significance of the association remains relatively low and larger materials facilitating further dissection of the clinical phenotype will be needed to confirm and independently validate this finding and to evaluate its significance.

title: Polymorphisms of the @entity1 homologue of the @entity238 white gene are associated with mood and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorders', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['Tryptophan', 'tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic disorders']


abstract: The caseins occur in milk as colloidal complexes of protein aggregates, @entity460 , and inorganic @entity1391 . As determined by electron microscopy, these particles are spherical and have approximately a 650 A radius (casein micelles). In the absence of @entity460 , the protein aggregates themselves (submicelles) have been shown to result from mainly hydrophobic interactions. The fractional concentration of stable colloidal casein micelles can be obtained in a @entity460 caseinate solution by centrifugation at 1500 g. Thus, the amount of stable colloid present with varying @entity141 concentrations can be determined and then analyzed by application of equations derived from Wyman's Thermodynamic Linkage Theory. @entity141 -induced colloid stability profiles were obtained experimentally for model micelles consisting of only alpha s1- (a @entity460 insoluble casein) and the stabilizing protein kappa-casein, eliminating the complications arising from beta- and minor casein forms. Two distinct genetic variants alpha s1-A and B were used. Analysis of alpha s1-A colloid stability profiles yielded a precipitation (salting-out) constant k1, as well as colloid stability (salting-in) parameter k2. No variations of k1 or k2 were found with increasing amounts of kappa-casein. From the variation of the amount of colloidal casein capable of being stabilized vs. amount of added kappa-casein an association constant of 4 L/g could be calculated for the complexation of alpha s1-A and kappa-casein. For the alpha s1-B and kappa-casein micelles, an additional @entity141 -dependent colloidal destabilization parameter, k3, was added to the existing k1 and k2 parameters in order to fully describe this more complex system. Furthermore, the value of k3 decreased with increasing concentration of kappa-casein. These results were analyzed with respect to the specific deletion which occurs in alpha s1-casein A in order to determine the sites responsible for these @entity141 -induced quaternary structural effects.

title: XXXX -induced associations of the caseins: thermodynamic linkage of @entity460 binding to colloidal stability of casein micelles.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Relationships between macroinvertebrates and microorganisms in aquatic environments are only poorly understood despite the fact that many aquatic macroinvertebrates feed on microbial biofilms during some life stage. Better understanding of trophic interactions between microbial biofilms, macroinvertebrates, and fish may also help control @entity9963 and loss of natural resources. It has also been suggested that pollution, habitat fragmentation, and poor water quality may contribute to increased pathogenesis and mortality in fish. Increased disease incidence is difficult to assess, however, in part because of the complexity of pathogen transmission dynamics. Several environmental pathogens exist whose reservoir(s) and means of transmission remain poorly understood, highlighting the need to study pathogen ecology and interactions with organisms other than susceptible hosts. @entity6464 is rarely isolated from freshwater sediments. However, stonefly nymphs were found to frequently harbor A. salmonicida and were shown to preferentially feed on the bacterium. @entity5660 juveniles were presented with different feeding regimes to determine the transmission capacity of nymphs, and all fish fed stoneflies harboring A. salmonicida expressed symptoms of disease. Although current rates of @entity6690 in freshwater ecosystems are unknown, trout primarily feed on stoneflies when water @entity26 levels are high and temperatures are low (winter months), which is presumed to correspond to high resistance to the pathogen. Given that @entity6690 is associated with physiological stress and higher water temperatures, its natural incidence may change in response to global or regional climatological effects.

title: Tri-trophic linkages in disease: pathogen transmission to XXXX through stonefly prey.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity9963 :: ('MESH:D005393', 'Disease') :: ['fish diseases']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6464 :: ('645', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']

entities_list: @entity6690 :: ('MESH:D005667', 'Disease') :: ['furunculosis']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: Liver cells have been implicated in playing an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity99 . The present study was designed to investigate @entity526 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects on proliferating @entity35 liver cells in culture. Isolated cell system can rarely serve as models of complete organisms, but with using an in vitro test-model, endogenic factors (e.g. hormonal effects, nervous influences, blood activation, etc.) or experimental stress in laboratory animals can be eliminated as variables affecting hepatocellular responses. In the proposed in vitro model, using specially proliferating liver cells, morphological cell alterations were observed after 30 min and low doses endotoxin administration (10 micrograms/ml). LPS induced an extreme @entity2100 and a diminished adhesion capacity on cells. Cell-to-cell contacts were also disturbed. The LPS treatment produced extreme heterogeneity in liver cell size, enlargement of nuclei, nuclear and cytoplasmic protrusions, and increased the number of large nucleoli and lipid droplets, also decreasing the angiotensin action on intracellular @entity460 levels. The effects observed after the LPS exposition can be related with an altered metabolism of the liver cells in culture due to a destabilization of plasma membrane, a transmembrane signalling alteration, and a @entity2383 . The specificity of cell response to endotoxic lipopolysaccharide suggests a multiple membrane damage inducing important metabolic disturbances.

title: @entity526 lipopolysaccharide effects on proliferating XXXX liver cells in culture: a morphological and functional study.

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic shock-associated liver injury']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to detect the osteoconductive ability of 3 @entity291 hydroxyapatites (HAs) that were sintered at 800 degrees C (HA800), 1,200 degrees C (HA1200), and 1,350 degrees C (HA1350), according to new bone formation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two bicortical skull defects were prepared in 10 New Zealand white @entity95 . Four @entity95 were used as controls; in each, 1 defect was filled with autogenous bone chips and the @entity717 was left empty for the @entity3124 ( @entity3124 ). The other 6 @entity95 had a total of 12 defects, 4 each randomly filled with HA 800, HA1200, or HA1350. The animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks. New bone formation was assessed by radiographic densitometry and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: The mean optical density (OD) of the @entity3124 group (0.092 +/- 0.006) was less than that of the autogenous bone chip (0.102 +/- 0.002), HA1200 (0.108 +/- 0.005), and HA 1350 (0.102 +/- 0.003) groups. The mean OD of the HA 1200 group was significantly different from that of the HA 800 group (0.094 +/- 0.003). The histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the autogenous bone chip group (34.89 +/- 4.61) was significantly different from the @entity3124 (12.16+/- 6.97), HA 800 (18.32 +/- 7.33), and HA1350 (13.99 +/- 3.94) groups, but not the HA1200 group (24.83 +/- 12.12). CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate that heat-treated @entity291 HA enhances bone formation, and HA 1200 tends to provide greater bone formation than the other 2 HAs.

title: Osteoconductive effects of 3 heat-treated hydroxyapatites in XXXX calvarial defects.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral defect']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical size defect', 'CSD']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Because induction of artificial @entity516 through the infra-umbilical route is associated with complications in laparoscopic procedures, especially in @entity28 @entity1 , we performed a prospective randomized study comparing the conventional infra-umbilical route with a transfundal route, in which the Veress needle is inserted into the peritoneal cavity through the uterine fundus. One @entity28 subjects (body mass index >/=25 kg/m(2)) scheduled for laparoscopic sterilization were randomized into two groups. In the infra-umbilical group @entity516 was achieved at a ratio (punctures/ @entity516 ) of 56/49 (1.14). There was one failure in this group. In the transfundal group the ratio was 53/51 (1.04). There was no clinically significant bleeding in either of the groups; nor were there any major complications. One subject in whom the infra-umbilical route failed was moved to the transfundal group. This subject also underwent dilatation and curettage at the time of laparoscopy. Postoperatively she contracted @entity4134 . No other infections were detected postoperatively in either of the groups. In conclusion, the transfundal route of inducing artificial @entity516 proved to be easy, safe and effective.

title: Transfundal insertion of a Veress needle in laparoscopy of XXXX subjects: a practical alternative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['hundred obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Snacking is common in adolescents; however, it is unclear if there is an association between snacking and overweight or @entity28 within the context of the overall diet. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the associations of snacking with weight status and @entity1144 in adolescents 12-18 y of age (n = 5811). DESIGN: We conducted secondary analyses of 24-h diet recalls and anthropometric data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. We classified adolescents by frequency of snack consumption (0, 1, 2, 3, and > or =4 snacks/d) and by the percentage of energy intake from snacks (0%, <10%, 10-19%, 20-29%, 30-39%, and > or =40%). We classified adolescents who had a body mass index (BMI) > or =85th percentile of BMI-for-age as overweight or @entity28 . We defined @entity1144 as a waist circumference > or =90th percentile. We determined covariate-adjusted prevalences of overweight or @entity28 and @entity1144 and odds ratios with SUDAAN software (release 9.0.1; Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC). RESULTS: Mean values of all @entity28 indicators studied were inversely associated with snacking frequency and percentage of energy from snacks. The prevalence of overweight or @entity28 and of @entity1144 decreased with increased snacking frequency and with increased percentage of energy from snacks. Odds ratios (95% CIs) for overweight or @entity28 and for @entity1144 ranged from 0.63 (0.48, 0.85) to 0.40 (0.29, 0.57) and from 0.61 (0.43, 0.86) to 0.36 (0.21, 0.63) for 2 to > or =4 snacks/d, respectively. Reduced risks of overweight or @entity28 and @entity1144 were associated with snacking. CONCLUSION: Snackers, compared with nonsnackers, were less likely to be overweight or @entity28 and less likely to have @entity1144 .

title: Snacking is associated with reduced risk of overweight and reduced XXXX in adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['abdominal obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia @entity616 ( @entity13193 ) compared to anterior transversus abdominis @entity616 (TAP-A) for post-operative @entity1337 in outpatient @entity169 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study conducted on ASA I-II @entity1 . Two groups ( @entity35968 ), which were given 30ml of 0.25% @entity1343 prior to @entity954 . The primary endpoint was the post-operative @entity158 evaluated by verbal numerical scale (VRN at rest and movement) at 10, 30, 60, 90min, coinciding with ambulation, and 24hours by telephone. An evaluation was also made of the sensory block level reached prior to surgery, the need for additional @entity1337 , side effects, ease of performing the technique, and the level of satisfaction of @entity1 with the anaesthetic-analgesic technique. RESULTS: A total of 61 @entity1 were included, 30 @entity1 in the TAP-A group and 31 in the @entity13193 group. The analgesic efficacy obtained in both groups was similar, although some higher values were found in the VNR on moving in the TAP-A group, reaching statistical difference at 10minutes (P=.014) and 30minutes (P=.013) post-operatively. A higher level of sensory block was achieved in the @entity13193 group than in the TAP-A group (P<.01). There were no significant differences in additional @entity1337 requirements, and the cumulative dose of @entity1286 was similar in both groups in the post-operative period. There were no differences in side effects or complications. The technical ease of the block was similar in both groups and the level of satisfaction of @entity1 very high. CONCLUSIONS: Both blocks with a multimodal approach achieve good post-operative @entity1337 of @entity169 , are easy to perform and have few complications. @entity13193 achieves the highest sensory level, but there are no differences in the requirements for additional @entity1337 .

title: Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia @entity616 versus anterior transversus abdominis @entity616 in outpatient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plane block']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: Background: With respect to survival and local disease control, the adequate extent of lymph node dissection for melanoma @entity3 to the groin is controversial. Since the methods for accurate quantification of leg @entity4 are not well standardised, it remains also unclear whether the iliac part of a radical ilioinguinal lymph node dissection contributes to @entity86 . @entity1 and Methods: Using a questionnaire and clinical examinations, we prospectively studied 65   @entity1 for the presence of leg swellings (11   with inguinal lymph node dissection (sCLND), 23   with ilioinguinal dissection (rCLND), and 31 without nodal surgery and without signs of @entity4096 ). Exact volumetry of the legs was performed using the Image 3 D method. Results: The mean interval between the lymphadenectomy and the examination for swellings was 24        30   months. Compared with sCLND, the amount of postoperative drainage fluid was significantly higher after rCLND (1960        1390 mL versus (vs.) 898        578 mL). @entity1 with rCLND perceived more frequently leg swellings (83 % vs. 55 %, p   = 0.09), however, also 23 % of the control @entity1 perceived leg swellings. Clinical signs of @entity4 were found slightly more frequently in the rCLND group (52 % vs. 45 %). After rCLND, the gain in volume of the ipsilateral thigh was significantly higher than after sCLND (7.01        4.83 % vs. 1.29        6.12 %, p   = 0.01). @entity1 with rCLND more frequently needed manual lymph drainage (70 % vs. 45 %). In the control @entity1 , the volumes of the right (mostly dominant) and the left legs did not differ significantly. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the iliac part of an ilioinguinal lymph node dissection significantly contributes to lymphoedema. Because of the multitude of reasons for swellings of the lower leg, volumetry of the thigh seems to be most adequate for quantifying the amount of @entity86 .

title: [Leg @entity4 following Inguinal and Ilioinguinal Dissection of Melanoma XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'oedemas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative lymphoedema']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1188 are rare presentations of @entity64 . They are the result of a complex combination of risk factors and a predisposing vessel distribution. The artery of Percheron, characterized by a single arterial trunk that irrigates both paramedian thalamic regions, can be occluded as a result of @entity887 leading to bilateral paramedian thalamic @entity1188 . Clinical and image findings of this uncommon form of posterior circulation @entity1188 are presented along with their anatomic and pathophysiologic correlates. CASE PRESENTATION: A 27-year-old Mexican @entity1 with no relevant medical history was admitted to hospital after he was found deeply stuporous. On admission, an urgent neuroimaging protocol for @entity64 , including magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance imaging angiography, was performed. The scans revealed symmetric bilateral hyperintense paramedian thalamic lesions consistent with acute @entity63 events. The posterior circulation was patent including the @entity9085 and both posterior cerebral arteries, making the case compatible with occlusion of the artery of Percheron. Further evaluation with an aim to define the etiology revealed a @entity4616 as the cause of @entity887 . CONCLUSION: @entity1188 are unusual presentations of posterior circulation @entity64 ; once they are diagnosed by an adequate neuroimaging protocol, a further evaluation to define the cause is necessary. Cardioembolism should always be considered in relatively young @entity1 . A complete evaluation should be conducted by an interdisciplinary team including neurologists, cardiologists and neurosurgeons.

title: Bilateral XXXX due to occlusion of the artery of Percheron in a @entity1 with @entity4616 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['tip of the basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic diseases', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'Bilateral thalamic infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['thalamic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that @entity24373 ( @entity24373 ), a key cytokine involved in the dendritic cell-mediated activation of Th2-mediated inflammatory responses, is significantly increased in nasal @entity1127 from atopic individuals. Our objective was therefore to explore firstly any associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in and around the @entity24373 gene and development of chronic rhinosinusitis ( @entity91 ; with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal @entity1127 and, and secondly the influence of nasal @entity1412 and gender. METHODS: A population-based case-control association analysis was performed in a Han Chinese cohort. DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from 638 subjects with @entity91 (306 CRSwNP and 332 CRSsNP) and 325 healthy controls was assessed for 11 SNPs in and around @entity24373 gene, selected from the Chinese HapMap genotyping dataset. Genetic association tests were performed using the Haploview and STATA software package. RESULTS: Single-locus analysis of @entity91 risk, showed no significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies between @entity91 subjects and controls. Stratified analyses of association between the selected SNPs and @entity91 adjusted for gender demonstrated that @entity35664 (CC genotype: P=0.010, OR=0.289) and @entity35665 (CC genotype: P=0.040, OR=0.509) were significantly protective against @entity91 , whereas @entity35666 (GT genotype: P=0.040, OR=0.509) presented a risk among females. In contrast, @entity35665 (CA genotype: P=0.033, OR=1.553) presented risk for @entity91 in males. Furthermore, SNPs @entity35667 (AA genotype: P=0.012, OR=0.552) and @entity35665 (CA genotype: P=0.001, OR=0.182) displayed protective roles among CRSwNP, but not CRSsNP, subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that SNPs in @entity24373 gene may exert a gender and/or nasal @entity1412 -dependent risk for development of @entity91 in Chinese subjects.

title: Polymorphisms in XXXX gene demonstrate a gender and @entity1412 with chronic rhinosinusitis.

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

entities_list: @entity24373 :: ('85480', 'Gene') :: ['thymic stromal lymphopoietin', 'TSLP']

answer: @entity24373 :: (85480,Gene) :: ['thymic stromal lymphopoietin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluated the feasibility, efficacy, and outcome of endovascular repair for descending aortic @entity2849 . METHODS: From April 2007 to November 2010, 20 @entity1 of descending aortic @entity2849 were treated. There were 18 male and 2 female, aged from 28 to 82 years with a mean of (58    16) years. In this group, 4 @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity244 , 6 @entity1 as @entity2849 with positive blood culture, 6 @entity1 as suspected @entity2849 , 1 @entity1 with iatrogenic @entity2849 and 1 @entity1 with chronic @entity8624 , the other 3 @entity1 with unknown reasons. The 88.5% of aortic @entity2849 were located at abdominal aorta. Fifteen @entity1 underwent endovascular therapy and 2 @entity1 were treated by traditional open surgery. The other 3 @entity1 underwent conservative treatments. The data of treatments and follow-up in the 15 @entity1 who received endovascular repairs were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Endovascular therapy was performed successfully on the 15 @entity1 , and the technique successful rate was 15/15. Total 15 stents were transluminal placed including 6 bifurcate stent-grafts, 6 abdominal straight stent-grafts, 2 thoracic straight stent-grafts and 1 abdominal bare stent. One @entity1 was treated by stent assisted embolization. Perioperative mortality rate was 0. Only 2 primary type IV @entity1070 were found. Fourteen @entity1 were successfully followed up. During a mean follow-up of 538 days, 8 (57.1%) @entity1 were uneventful. Six (42.9%) @entity1 were complicated by @entity439 related events, including 4 (28.6%) @entity204 , 1 (7.14%) with delayed @entity1070 and 1 (7.14%) with recurrent @entity2849 which was retreated by another stent-graft. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular therapy for descending aortic @entity2849 is a feasible and mini-invasive option with high technique success rate and low perioperative mortality rate. However, risk of recurrence and @entity397 to death of @entity2849 remains high during follow-up. Treating the underlying reasons and intensively follow-up may be good for improving the prognosis of descending aortic @entity2849 treated by endovascular therapy.

title: [Endovascular repair of descending aortic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks', 'endoleak']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['grain-mononuclear cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'mycotic pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysms']