abstract: In developing an avian model for @entity10211 (13cisRA) @entity2241 , we found 13cisRA induced @entity65 , especially Type I @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) (Hart et al.: Teratology 41:463-472, '90). As the first step of investigating possible mechanisms, we have examined the light microscopic morphology of RA-induced @entity65 in @entity1573 embryos. Fertilized eggs were injected via yolk sac with 150 micrograms 13cisRA in @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), @entity3733 or mock injection on embryonic day 5 (E5). On E6, E7, or E8, surviving embryos were sacrificed and fixed in 10% @entity406 . @entity616 were exised, embedded in @entity982 and serially sectioned through the heart, base to apex. Slides were stained, screened for tissue orientation, then coded and evaluated without knowledge of treatment group. Examination of serial sections permitted qualitative evaluation of conotruncal ridge volume, mesenchymal organization, @entity39 and extent of fusion. Extent of fusion was the only parameter influenced by 13cisRA treatment. On E6, ridge fusion was incomplete in all groups at comparable levels. On E7, ridge fusion in 13cisRA-treated embryos had not progressed as far proximally as in controls. By E8, there was a significant difference in the extent of fusion between 13cisRA-treated and non-RA-treated groups. We conclude 13cisRA-induced @entity1757 resulted from defective conotruncal ridge fusion and that the fusion defects did not result from decreased tissue volume, altered mesenchymal organization or increased @entity39 .

title: Avian model for XXXX @entity2241 : morphological characterization of @entity1757 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects', 'VSDs']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic blocks']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular defects']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['embryopathy']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid']


abstract: AIMS: Assessment of the long-term safety and efficacy of liquid inhaled insulin via @entity6 (iDMS) in a basal/bolus treatment regimen of adults with @entity164 1 @entity6 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomized 2 : 1 to prandial inhaled (n = 205) or subcutaneous (s.c.) (n = 99) insulin, plus one/two daily injections of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin for 12 months. The primary endpoints were pulmonary function tests (PFT) and baseline changes in chest X-rays at 12 months. Safety and efficacy assessments were measured at regular intervals. RESULTS: PFTs after 12 months were comparable between the groups, except for reduced per cent of predicted @entity1223 lung diffusing capacity with inhaled insulin (difference: -2.03%, P = 0.04) occurring after the first 3 months and then stabilizing. There were no apparent treatment differences in chest X-rays. Overall risk of hypoglycaemia [risk ratio (RR) 1.02, P = 0.83] and adverse events were comparable between groups. Risk of @entity7965 was higher in the inhaled group (RR 1.58, P = 0.001). Cough [10% (inhaled); 3% (s.c.)] tended to be mild in nature. Inhaled insulin was non-inferior to s.c. insulin for change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) after 12 months [difference 0.18% (CI 95%-0.04; 0.39)]. At trial end, mean laboratory measured fasting plasma @entity413 was lower in the inhaled group (inhaled 9.2 mmol/l; s.c. 11.7 mmol/l; difference: -2.53 mmol/l, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The safety and efficacy results in this trial were similar to those reported with other inhaled insulins; however, inhaled insulin using AERx iDMS requires further optimization to reduce @entity7965 before it has comparable safety and efficacy to s.c. insulin aspart.

title: Safety and efficacy of inhaled insulin (AERx iDMS) compared with subcutaneous insulin therapy in XXXX with @entity164 1 @entity6 : 1-year data from a randomized, parallel group trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'AERx insulin Diabetes Management System']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypoglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti- @entity5810 ) antibodies are a stronger predictor of the severity of @entity309 than is @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Their role in predicting outcome in unselected @entity1 with new-onset @entity32 ( @entity32 ) has not been examined. The aims of this study were to examine the role of baseline @entity309 and anti- @entity5810 antibodies in determining the likelihood of @entity1 having @entity2681 at presentation or in predicting future @entity16 , and to determine whether anti- @entity5810 antibodies or @entity309 is sufficiently robust to be clinically useful in guiding treatment decisions in early @entity32 . METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from the Norfolk @entity625 Register. @entity2357 models were fitted to test the ability of anti- @entity5810 antibodies and @entity309 to predict @entity2681 . Further models were investigated to examine the role of anti- @entity5810 antibodies in @entity1 stratified by @entity309 status. RESULTS: The presence of anti- @entity5810 antibodies at baseline was strongly associated with both prevalent @entity2681 (odds ratio [OR] 2.53 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.48-4.30]) and developing @entity2681 at 5 years (OR 10.2 [95% CI 6.2-16.9]). These ORs were higher than those for @entity309 (OR 1.63 [95% CI 0.94-2.82] and OR 3.4 [95% CI 2.2-5.2], respectively). The likelihood ratio (LR) for the prediction of prevalent @entity2681 and @entity2681 at 5 years was highest in the @entity309 -subgroup (LR 2.2 and 5.8, respectively). However, 27% of anti- @entity5810 - @entity1 had developed @entity2681 by 5 years. CONCLUSION: Despite their strong association with the presence, development, and extent of @entity2681 , anti- @entity5810 antibodies alone are not a sufficiently accurate measure upon which to base clinical treatment decisions. Knowledge of anti- @entity5810 antibody status is most informative in @entity309 -negative @entity1 .

title: The performance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in predicting the severity of @entity16 in XXXX : results from the Norfolk @entity625 Register.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'inflammatory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['radiologic damage']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RF', 'rheumatoid factor']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory polyarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Small bowel disruption is often complicated by acute intestinal failure and can be corrected by chyme reinfusion (CR). Plasma @entity7792 ([Cit]) is a biomarker of the enterocyte mass. Our aim was to determine whether [ @entity7792 ] could be a marker of absorptive intestinal mass or function by assessing whether CR could affect intestinal absorptive function and [Cit]. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with small bowel disruption and double enterostomy were treated with CR. Fecal wet weight, @entity1568 and fat absorption, parenteral nutrition delivery and [Cit] were measured before and after the initiation of CR with a median follow-up of 30 days. RESULTS: CR decreased the intestinal wet weight output (median+/-IQ, 2384+/-969 vs. 216+/-242mLd(-1), P<0.0001) and parenteral nutrition dependence (65% vs. 8%, P<0.01). CR was associated with a rise in net @entity1568 and fat digestive absorption and [Cit] (17.0+/-10.0 vs. 31.0+/-12.0micromolL(-1), P=0.0001). Before the initiation of CR, [Cit] correlated positively with the absorptive post-duodenal small bowel length (r=0.39, P=0.04), but not with the total post-duodenal small bowel length (r=0.11, P=0.60). CONCLUSION: CR allows for a dramatic improvement of intestinal absorptive function and a near doubling in [Cit] level. [Cit] is not a marker of overall intestinal mass, but of the absorptive small bowel function.

title: Plasma XXXX is a marker of absorptive small bowel length in @entity1 with transient enterostomy and acute intestinal failure.

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline', 'Cit']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity7792 :: (CHEBI:16349,Chemical) :: ['citrulline']


abstract: We have examined the control of gene expression from the adenovirus early region III (Ad-EIII) promoter, which contains two previously defined elements, the @entity1178 and @entity6352 sites. We found that the @entity1178 element is capable of mediating activation by the adenovirus immediate early (EIa) gene products. Consistent with studies demonstrating that the @entity1178 site mediates signal transduction in response to @entity864 ( @entity865 ) we have shown that @entity865 can activate Ad-EIII expression and overcome the requirement for EIa. Together @entity865 and EIa elicited a synergistic response in expression from the Ad-EIII promoter during both transient expression assays and @entity1800 . This synergistic effect required the @entity1178 element. An EIII promoter construct, in which sequences upstream of the TATA box had been replaced with four @entity1178 sites, was responsive to @entity865 and EIa and in combination promoted the synergistic effect. The analysis of specific factors involved in transcription from the Ad-EIII indicated that proteins recognizing the @entity6352 and @entity1178 sites were important in expression from this promoter in vitro. Purification of protein factors that specifically stimulated EIII expression resulted in the isolation of a set of factors of the @entity1178 family. Affinity purified @entity1178 recognized and activated transcription through both the @entity1178 and @entity6352 elements. In addition, a protein fraction was identified with DNA binding activity specific for the @entity6352 element. This fraction was dependent on the @entity6352 site for transcriptional activity.

title: XXXX can overcome the requirement for EIa and together act synergistically in stimulating expression of the adenovirus EIII promoter.

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate']

answer: @entity865 :: (CHEBI:61432,Chemical) :: ['TPA']


abstract: @entity1 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( @entity1050 ) are considered to be a promising source of autologous stem cells in personalized cell-based therapies. @entity5 tracking properties of MSC provide an attractive opportunity for targeted transgene delivery into the sites of @entity5 formation. In the present study, we addressed whether the suicide gene introduction into @entity1 @entity1050 could produce a @entity5 -specific prodrug converting cellular vehicle for targeted chemotherapy. We prepared @entity375 fusion @entity5538 deaminase:: @entity5537 phosphoribosyltransferase gene-expressing cells [ @entity5538 deaminase (CD)-expressing @entity1050 ( @entity1050 )] by retrovirus transduction. We explored their therapeutic potential on a model of @entity1 @entity694 in the presence of prodrug @entity4895 ( @entity10498 ). Gene manipulation of @entity1 @entity1050 did not sensitize @entity1050 to @entity10498 , thus overcoming the inherent disadvantage of suicide effect on cellular vehicle. @entity1050 in combination with @entity10498 augmented the bystander effect and selective @entity137 on @entity5 cells HT-29 in direct coculture in vitro. We confirmed directed migration ability of @entity1050 cells HT-29 in vitro. Moreover, we achieved significant inhibition of s.c. @entity5 xenograft growth by s.c. or i.v. administered @entity1050 in immunocompromised @entity19 treated with @entity10498 . We confirmed the ability of @entity1050 to deliver the CD transgene to the site of @entity5 formation and mediate strong antitumor effect in vivo. Taken together, these data characterize MSC derived from adipose tissue as suitable delivery vehicles for prodrug converting gene and show their utility for a personalized cell-based targeted @entity5 gene therapy.

title: Adipose tissue-derived XXXX mesenchymal stem cells mediated prodrug @entity5 gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'target tumor', 'Tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['AT-MSC and CD-AT-MSC toward tumor', 'CD-AT-MSC', 'AT-MSC']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 with severe unilateral @entity8 and diminished relative renal function (RRF) a dilemma exists between the choice of treatment with ureteral reimplantation or nephrectomy. Limited followup data are available regarding relative renal function or postoperative complications after ureteral reimplantation in kidneys with significant unilateral @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 460 @entity1 who underwent ureteral reimplantation between 1980 and 2002, and identified @entity1 with primary @entity3025 and severe unilateral @entity8 (RRF 30% or less on @entity8 ). The postoperative outcomes were assessed for relative renal function and complications including @entity101 , @entity2885 or persistent reflux. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 with a mean preoperative relative renal function of 20.1 +/- 7.8% (range 2% to 30%) met the inclusion criteria. Reflux grade in the poorly functioning kidney was II in 4 @entity1 (13%), III in 14 (44%), IV in 11 (34%) and V in 3 (9%). Reflux was unilateral in 15 @entity1 (47%) and bilateral in 17 (53%). Mean followup from surgery was 3.7 years (range 0.3 to 12.9). In 28 @entity1 with both preoperative and postoperative renal scans, mean preoperative RRF was 20.3 +/- 7.4% and mean postoperative RRF was 20.5 +/- 8.6% with a mean time between renal scans of 2.3 years. No statistically significant change was noted from preoperative to postoperative relative renal function with a mean change of +0.2 +/- 3.7% (range -6.5% to +10%, p=0.82). @entity260 occurred in 7 of the 32 @entity1 (22%), including @entity101 (1), @entity2885 (3) and persistent reflux (4). @entity2885 occurred in 1 @entity1 with persistent reflux. No statistically significant difference existed in mean preoperative relative renal function between those with and without complications (24.6 +/- 8.9% vs 18.8 +/- 7.2%, p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who underwent ureteral reimplantation in association with unilateral @entity8 maintained stable relative renal function.

title: Kidneys with XXXX maintain relative renal function after ureteral reimplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal scintigraphy', 'reflux nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis', 'Pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['reflux nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity978 and @entity1893 's @entity1892 occasionally occur in the same @entity1 . The identification of a common precursor of the two types of @entity706 would show definitively that Reed-Sternberg cells originate from B cells. METHODS: We studied @entity706 from two @entity1 , one with a @entity13875 (classic @entity978 and a @entity706 in the same lymph node) and the other with a T-cell-rich @entity1892 that was followed by classic @entity978 . Single Reed-Sternberg cells and @entity1893 cells from frozen sections were micromanipulated. The rearranged immunoglobulin variable-region genes (V genes) of the heavy and light chains were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA and sequenced. RESULTS: In both @entity1 , the Reed-Sternberg cells were related clonally to the @entity1893 B cells. The V genes carried somatic mutations (a hallmark of germinal-center B cells and their descendants). In both @entity1 , some somatic mutations were shared by the Reed-Sternberg and @entity1893 cells, whereas other somatic mutations were found exclusively in one or the other cell type. CONCLUSIONS: In two @entity1 with classic @entity978 and @entity1893 's @entity1892 , we identified a common B-cell precursor, probably a germinal-center B-cell, for both @entity706 . This finding suggests that the two types of @entity706 underwent both shared and distinct transforming events and provides proof of the B-cell derivation of Reed-Sternberg cells in classic @entity978 .

title: Identification of common germinal-center B-cell precursors in two @entity1 with both XXXX and @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'non-Hodgkin']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['composite lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors (overweight/ @entity28 , @entity286 smoking, and @entity167 consumption) and identify correlations between these and sociodemographic characteristics in western and central Nicaragua. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 1 355 @entity1 from six communities in Nicaragua conducted in September 2007-July 2009. Demographic and NCD risk-related health behavior information was collected from each individual, and their body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, @entity6 status, and renal function were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and (non-stratified and stratified) logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the 1 355 study @entity1 , 22.0% were @entity28 and 55.1% were overweight/ @entity28 . Female sex, higher income, and increasing age were significantly associated with @entity28 . Among @entity1 , lifelong urban living correlated with @entity28 (Odds Ratio [OR] = 4.39, 1.18-16.31). Of the total @entity1 , 31.3% reported ever smoking @entity286 and 47.7% reported ever drinking @entity167 . Both @entity286 smoking and @entity167 consumption were strikingly more common among @entity1 (OR = 13.0, 8.8-19.3 and 15.6, 10.7-22.6, respectively) and lifelong urban residents (OR = 2.42, 1.31-4.47 and 4.10, 2.33-7.21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of @entity28 /overweight across all income levels. @entity1 were much more likely to be @entity28 , but @entity1 had higher rates of @entity286 and @entity167 use. The rising prevalence of NCD risk factors among even the poorest subjects suggests that an epidemiologic transition in underway in western and central Nicaragua whereby NCD prevalence is shifting to all segments of society. Raising awareness that health clinics can be used for chronic conditions needs to be priority.

title: Prevalence of @entity28 , XXXX use, and @entity167 consumption by socioeconomic status among six communities in Nicaragua.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Technological innovations have taken stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) from frame-based strategies to image-guided strategies. In this study, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired prior to SBRT of @entity1 with @entity2 was used to study the dosimetric impact of a pure frame-based strategy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with inoperable @entity2 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 had received CBCT-guided SBRT with 3 fractions of 15 Gy to the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) margin including immobilization in a @entity1053 ( @entity1053 ). Using the set-up corrections from the co-registration of the CBCT with the planning CT, all individual dose plans were recalculated with an isocenter position equal to the initial set-up position. Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) parameters of the recalculated dose plans were then analyzed. RESULTS: The simulated plans showed that 88% of all fractions resulted in minimum 14.5 Gy to the internal target volume (ITV). For the simulated summed treatment (3 fractions per @entity1 ), 83% of the @entity1 would minimum receive the prescription dose (45 Gy) to 100% of the ITV and all except one would receive the prescription dose to more than 90% of the ITV. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT including @entity1053 , but without image guidance, results in appropriate dose coverage in most cases, using the current margins. With image guidance, margins for @entity2 could possibly be reduced.

title: Dosimetric impact of a frame-based strategy in stereotactic radiotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'SBRT of lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['stereotactic body frame', 'SBF']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2005 the @entity299 ( @entity299 ) released updated recommendations for blood pressure (BP) monitoring in order to ensure accurate BP measurements. OBJECTIVE: To determine if current methods of BP assessment in an ambulatory clinic result in significantly different BP measurements than those obtained by following the @entity299 recommendations and if these BP differences impact treatment decisions. RESEARCH DESIGN: Randomized prospective analysis. SETTING: University of New Mexico Hospital Adult Internal Medicine clinic. @entity1 : Forty adults with @entity101 METHODS: @entity1 BPs were measured using both the traditional triage method and the @entity299 -recommended method in cross-over fashion in random order. Two complete medical profile summaries were then constructed for each @entity1 : one for each BP measurement obtained by each technique. These profiles were then reviewed by a panel of providers who provided hypothetical @entity101 treatment recommendations. RESULTS: Individual BP results varied greatly between the two methods. @entity13519 readings differed by >= 5  mmHg in either direction for 68% of @entity1 while 78% of @entity1 's DBP readings differed by >= 2  mmHg in either direction. Overall, 93% of @entity1 had a BP difference of either >= 5  mmHg systolic or >= 2  mmHg diastolic. Five @entity1 were determined to be at goal with the triage method, but were higher than their goal BP with the @entity299 method Significant differences were also seen in treatment recommendations for a given @entity1 based on the differences seen between the two obtained BP readings. The number of @entity1 with treatment variations between their two profiles ranged from 13% to 23% depending on the reviewing provider (p   <   0.01 for all providers). CONCLUSION: Inaccurate BP assessment is common and may impact @entity101 treatment decisions.

title: Blood pressure monitoring technique impacts XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'American Heart Association']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Infection of the retroperitoneum after implantation of an abdomino-femoral aortic graft remains one of the main problems in vascular surgery. On basis of a critical review of own experiences we evaluated the management of this difficult clinical situation. @entity1 : From 1970-1996 1500 aortofemoral graft operations ( @entity439 : 512, @entity432 : 988) were performed. @entity1320 occurred in 12 @entity1 (0.8%) (12 @entity1 , median age 60.5 [48-80] years). RESULTS: The median interval between operation and @entity281 was 17.7 (0.5-108) months. The port of @entity281 was in 50% the groin, 25% suffered from @entity1320 , in 3 cases it was not to identify. Clinical manifestation of @entity281 in 2 @entity1 , @entity2849 in 2 cases, and a paraprosthetic abscess in another 4 @entity1 . Operative therapy comprised (partial) removal of infected material in 10 @entity1 with consecutive extraanatomical reconstruction in 8 of these. Mortality of graft @entity281 was 50%. Causes of @entity204 were untreatable sepsis in 4 @entity1 , another 2 died from @entity548 . 3 out of 6 surviving @entity1 finally lost their limbs following multiple vascular procedures. CONCLUSION: Adequate surgical therapy of infected aortofemoral grafts remains an unsolved problem. Lack of knowledge of suitable parameters for the best treatment leaves the outcome of @entity281 unpredictable. Removal of the infected graft with extraanatomic reconstruction seems to be the standard of surgical treatment, which is recommended in these cases.

title: [Management of severe XXXX complicating aortofemoral grafts].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic infection', 'infection', 'infection was aortoduodenal fistula']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliacal occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal infection', 'abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['false aneurysms']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the balance between @entity1198 cytokines and Th2 cytokines plays a role in modulation of cellular responses in the brain during psychological stress and @entity146 . The Th3 cytokine, transforming growth factor beta-1 ( @entity2533 ), has been shown to regulate the balance between @entity1198 and Th-2 cytokines. However, the role of @entity2533 in the psychoimmunology of @entity308 has never been explored. METHODS: A total of 40 @entity308 @entity1 and 80 normal controls were recruited. The plasma levels of @entity379 , @entity3646 , and @entity2533 were studied at the time of admission and 8 weeks after antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 who showed immunoreactivity to @entity379 and @entity3646 in the plasma, and the plasma @entity379 / @entity3646 ratio, were significantly higher in @entity308 @entity1 than in controls. The @entity379 / @entity2533 ratio was also higher in @entity308 @entity1 , and @entity2533 levels showed a significant negative correlation with the @entity308 scale. After treatment, @entity2533 level increased significantly, and the @entity379 / @entity3646 ratio decreased significantly, in the @entity1 group. However, @entity1198 changes in male and female showed different trend such as @entity1198 arm was decreased after the treatment in all male, whereas it was increased in premenopausal age @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Replication and extension using a larger sample size are required. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1198 and Th2 cytokine imbalance was observed in subpopulation of @entity308 @entity1 . @entity2533 seemed to play a role in the pathophysiology of @entity308 in this population. Moreover, antidepressant treatment was found to affect the @entity1198 /Th2 balance through the action of @entity2533 .

title: XXXX , Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'HDRS depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 69-year-old @entity1 complained of recurrent cramp-like symptoms in the upper abdomen. She admitted excessive @entity167 intake. Physical examination revealed @entity4 and @entity32 of both ankles. All other findings were unremarkable. INVESTIGATIONS: Sonography and computed tomography scan showed a cystic structure (5 cm) in the head of the pancreas. Biochemical testing revealed an @entity417 (Hb 7,5 mg/dl) and an elevated serum lipase (4494 U/l). Intestinal @entity548 could not be confirmed by endoscopy. An involvement of parapancreatic structures with the pseudocyst could not be demonstrated by combination of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and computed tomography (CT). COURSE: The @entity1 died unexpectedly. Autopsy showed a @entity397 of the @entity9007 into the portal vein leading to portal vein @entity715 . The cause of @entity204 was an @entity887 of the pulmonary arteries. Postmortal reevaluation of CT and ERCP clarified diagnostic features. CONCLUSION: Erosion of peripancreatic vessels is one of the life threatening complications in chronic @entity788 . The complication is uncommon but should be included into differential diagnosis of recurrent @entity548 .

title: [Spontaneous XXXX of a @entity9007 into the portal vein].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'intestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our 8-year experience with en bloc partial and @entity2 invading the spine and report outcome and survival. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity2 involving the spine underwent en bloc resection. Eleven received induction treatment (chemotherapy, n = 5; chemoradiotherapy, n = 4; and radiation, n = 2). Pneumonectomy was performed in 3 @entity1 , lobectomy in 13 @entity1 , and wedge resection in 3 @entity1 . Hemivertebrectomy was performed in 15 @entity1 , and total vertebrectomy was performed in 4 @entity1 . The median number of resected vertebral bodies was 3 (range, 1-4). @entity5 stage was IIIB in 14 @entity1 , IIIA in 1 @entity1 , and IIB in 4 @entity1 (hemivertebrectomy is performed in the case of T3 disease to obtain free margins). Surgical nodal status was N0 in 13 @entity1 , N1 in 3 @entity1 , N2 in 1 @entity1 , and N3 (supraclavicular) in 2 @entity1 . Complete macroscopic and microscopic resection was achieved in 15 (79%) @entity1 . RESULTS: There was no immediate postoperative mortality. Morbidity was observed in 10 @entity1 , including 4 (21%) complications related to the spinal surgery. The median hospital stay was 30 days. Seven @entity1 were alive after a mean follow-up of 26 months (range, 7-74 months). The 1- and 5-year predicted survivals (updated) are 59% and 14%, respectively. Nine local recurrences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: En bloc resection of @entity5 with vertebrectomy is technically demanding, and postoperative morbidity should be critically addressed with this aggressive surgical intervention. However, an encouraging long-term survival observed in this series suggests that en bloc resection could be a valid option in selected @entity1 with vertebral involvement of @entity5 .

title: Radical en bloc resection for XXXX invading the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'total vertebrectomy for lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'chest tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the refractive outcome of eyes treated with cryotherapy for threshold @entity989 ( @entity989 ) with eyes treated with laser photocoagulation. DESIGN: Extended follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical trial. @entity1 : One hundred eighteen eyes from 66 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either cryotherapy or laser photocoagulation for threshold @entity989 . Twenty-five @entity1 (44 eyes treated) were available for follow-up examination 10 years later. INTERVENTION: Cycloplegic autorefraction or retinoscopy was performed. Immersion ultrasound biometry (A-scan) was also performed, and an autokeratometer was used for keratometry. If an A-scan could not be tolerated or the @entity1 was not cooperative, a B-scan through-the-lid biometry was performed. Corneal thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography. MAIN AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity2516 . In addition, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and axial length were measured. Central @entity2687 and keratometric readings were also obtained. RESULT: Eyes treated with cryotherapy were significantly more myopic than those treated with laser photocoagulation. When comparing @entity1 with bilateral treatment, the mean spherical equivalent (SE) of eyes treated with laser was -4.48 diopters (D) compared with a mean SE of -7.65 D for eyes treated with cryotherapy (n = 15 pairs of eyes, P = 0.019). Cryotherapy-treated eyes had a mean axial length of 21.7 mm versus 22.9 mm for laser-treated eyes (P = 0.024, n = 12 pairs of eyes). The anterior chamber depth and lens thickness averaged 2.86 mm and 4.33 mm, respectively, in the cryotherapy-treated eyes compared with 3.42 mm and 3.95 mm in the laser-treated eyes (P < 0.001, n = 12 pairs for both measurements). There were no statistical differences in anterior corneal curvature and central corneal thickness between the two treatment modalities. Crystalline lens power bore the strongest correlation to refractive outcomes in both laser-treated (r = 0.885, P < 0.001) and cryotherapy-treated eyes (r = 0.591, P = 0.026). Although keratometric readings were higher than normal values in these eyes, there was no correlation to the degree of @entity1714 . CONCLUSIONS: Laser-treated eyes were significantly less myopic than cyrotherapy-treated eyes. Lens power seemed to be the predominant factor contributing to the excess @entity1714 .

title: A comparison of laser photocoagulation with cryotherapy for threshold XXXX at 10 years: part 2. Refractive outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['Refractive error']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal thickness measurements']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']


abstract: This report concerns 296 @entity1 (67% males and 33% females) from 24 countries who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) for @entity454 between 1969 and 1988. @entity1 under 2 years of age represented 3.6%, 4.4%, and 8.9% of all @entity1 under 15 years of age who started RRT in 1978-1982, 1983-1985, and 1986-1988 respectively. During the first 2 years of life, the most frequent causes of @entity454 were @entity8 and @entity1141 (24%), and @entity2142 (17%). During 1986-1988 the initial therapy for ESRF was continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in 60%, haemodialysis 25%, intermittent peritoneal dialysis 8%, and 7% were transplanted without prior dialysis. Between 1978 and 1988, 139 of these @entity1 were grafted; 53 received a graft (39 cadaveric, 10 living donor, 4 donor uncertain) below, and 86 (71 cadaveric, 14 living donor, 1 donor uncertain) above 2 years of age. One-year graft survival was 54% in the 53 @entity1 grafted below 2 years of age and 65% in the 86 grafted above 2 years of age. Only two of the 24 living donor grafts were lost during the first year after grafting. These results compare favourably with the 67% 1-year graft survival of all 278 @entity1 aged 2 to less than 6 years at grafting in 1978-1988 on the Registry's file. The 3-year survival of all @entity1 aged less than 2 years at start of RRT was 65% in 1978-1982 and rose to 78% in 1986-1988. Twenty-three percent of all @entity204 were caused by infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Renal replacement therapy for XXXX before 2 years of age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic-uraemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity11608 rod implantation has recently been proposed for treatment of early stages of @entity2738 .The purpose of our study was to report the early results of its use in pre- and post-collapse stages of the disease. METHODS: We studied prospectively 27 @entity1 who underwent @entity11608 rod implantation for treatment of nontraumatic @entity2738 between December 2000 and September 2005. @entity1 were evaluated radiologically and clinically using the Steinberg classification and the @entity572 ( @entity572 ). Disease stage varied between stages II and IV. Mean follow-up time was 38 (15-71) months. RESULTS: 1 @entity1 (1 hip) died 15 months after surgery for reasons unrelated to it. 13 of 26 hips remained at the same radiographic stage, and 13 deteriorated. Mean @entity572 improved from 49 to 85. 6 @entity1 required conversion to total hip arthroplasty. When the procedure was used for stages III and IV, both radiological outcome and revision rates were worse than for the stage II hips. There was, however, no difference in postoperative @entity572 between @entity1 at pre- and post-collapse stages at the time of initial evaluation. Survivorship, with revision to @entity2445 as the endpoint,was 70% at 6 years. INTERPRETATION: The disease process does not appear to be interrupted,but there was a significant improvement in hip function initially in most hips. @entity11608 rod implantation is a safe "buy-time" technique, especially when other joint salvage procedures are not an option. Appropriate @entity1 selection and careful rod insertion are needed for favorable results.

title: Outcome after @entity11608 rod implantation for treatment of XXXX : 26 hips followed for an average of 3 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['HHS', 'Harris hip score']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity11608 :: ('MESH:D013635', 'Chemical') :: ['Tantalum', 'tantalum']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis']


abstract: A Phase I study of recombinant @entity379 ( @entity3692 ) was conducted to determine the @entity137 and pharmacokinetics of this lymphokine in @entity791 ( @entity791 ) @entity1 with @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ). Sixteen @entity1 with @entity791 / @entity2826 were entered into a fixed-dose trial at either 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/m2 of @entity3692 . @entity3692 was initially administered either as a single 24-hr continuous iv infusion or as a single im injection, followed 4 days later by a 10-day course of daily therapy by the same route. Following a 1-week washout period, this sequence of administration was then repeated, with the drug given by the alternate route. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the 1.0-mg/m2 group revealed that peak serum levels of up to 153 U/ml occurred 2-4 hr after im injection and that steady-state levels of up to 40 U/ml were reached approximately 7-12 hr after beginning iv infusion. Dose-related @entity137 in this trial included fever, @entity10 , @entity1295 , @entity390 , and @entity99 , all of which were most severe at the two highest doses. Dose-dependent @entity308 of the total white blood-cell (WBC) count, affecting both granulocytes and lymphocytes, was the most common @entity854 . Natural killer (NK)-cell activity was slightly enhanced at a dose of 0.1 mg/m2 but suppressed at 1.0 mg/m2 of drug; monocyte-mediated @entity137 , in contrast, was significantly increased only at the highest dose. No dose-related changes were noted in @entity2826 , HLA-DR expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymphocyte blastogenesis, or the ability to culture cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) from body fluids. We conclude that a maximally tolerated dose (MTD) for this drug is in the range of 0.1-1.0 mg/m2 and that at least modest evidence of systemic immunomodulation may be seen when @entity3692 is given at doses at or near this MTD.

title: A phase I trial of recombinant @entity1 @entity379 in @entity1 with XXXX and the @entity791 ( @entity791 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", 'KS', 'KS lesions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormality']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of a @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) with a large spacer device as compared to nebulized wet aerosols in the treatment of an unselected population with severe airflow limitation. DESIGN: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine (DEM). @entity1 : Fifty @entity1 , referred to the DEM between October 1, 1994 and March 31, 1995 with a severe, @entity1151 . Thirteen @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity1030 ; 37 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity565 . INTERVENTION AND RESULTS: @entity1 received either placebo @entity4185 through a 750-mL cone-shaped spacer (Glaxo) [2 puffs] and nebulized @entity3045 aerosol 0.5 mL in 1.5 mL saline solution (group 1, n=25) or @entity3045 @entity4185 and 0.5 mL saline solution in 1.5 mL saline solution administered in the same manner as above (group 2, n=25). The above treatment was repeated three times every 15 min, unless side effects appeared. Upon enrollment into the study, the FEV1 in group 1 was 0.78+/-0.7 L (mean+/-SD), 32% of predicted, and in group 2, 0.74+/-0.51 L, 29% of predicted (p=0.83). The FEV1 values after the first, second, and third interventions were as follows: in group 1, 1.18+/-0.99 L, 1.40+/-0.8, and 1.47+/-0.79, respectively, and in group 2, 1.17+/-0.99 L, 1.46+/-1.01, and 1.54+/-0.79 (p=0.83, 0.36, and 0.48, respectively). We observed no difference in spirometric measurements between the two groups at any time. CONCLUSION: Even in the setting of the unselected group of @entity1 referrals to the DEM for episodes of severe airflow limitation, the clinical and the objective bronchodilator responses to the administration of @entity3045 are independent of the method of delivery: @entity4185 with a large spacer vs aerosol nebulization.

title: Nebulized wet aerosol treatment in emergency department--is it essential? Comparison with large spacer device for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute obstructive pulmonary event']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'metered-dose inhaler']

answer: @entity4185 :: (MESH:D058545,Disease) :: ['metered-dose inhaler']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of @entity11121 with placebo in the treatment of adult @entity1 with @entity1180 (in general practice). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 26 Danish general practices. The @entity1 were 133 adult @entity1 with @entity1180 clinically diagnosed on @entity158 and raised values of either @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) or the erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) rate. Main outcome measures were @entity158 score and illness score, and @entity1851 and ESR values after initiation of treatment. RESULTS: @entity11121 led to a better recovery than placebo. The difference in @entity158 reduction was statistically significant three days after initiation of treatment, whereas no significant difference was found in the reduction in the sense of illness. At the end of the study, significantly more @entity1 in the @entity114 group were completely free of @entity158 than in the placebo group. This difference was found only in @entity1 with an initial @entity158 score of more than three. The cure rate was 71% in the @entity114 group and 37% in the placebo group. Significantly more @entity1 treated with @entity114 achieved normal @entity1851 values than those receiving placebo, respectively 88% and 75%. CONCLUSION: @entity11121 is more effective than placebo in the treatment of @entity1180 in adults in general practice, but only in @entity1 with pronounced @entity158 .

title: [ @entity114 treatment of XXXX in adults. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial from general practice].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'maxillary pain']

entities_list: @entity11121 :: ('MESH:D010404', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin V', 'Penicillin V']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['acute maxillary sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1180 :: (MESH:D015523,Disease) :: ['acute maxillary sinusitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increased arterial stiffness, common in @entity454 @entity1 , has been shown to affect the correspondence between oscillometric and @entity349 sphygmomanometer blood pressure readings. The purpose of this study was to validate an oscillometric home blood pressure monitor in an @entity454 population and to determine the effect of arterial stiffness on its accuracy. METHODS: Blood pressure measurements were taken with the Microlife 3AC1-1PC (Microlife; Taipei, Taiwan), an oscillometric home blood pressure monitor, and a @entity349 sphygmomanometer in 33 @entity1 as specified by the European Society of @entity101 Validation Protocol. Radial pulse wave analyses were also performed. RESULTS: On the basis of European Society of @entity101 criteria, the Microlife 3AC1-1PC received a passing score for systolic and diastolic blood pressures. On average, the oscillometric monitor overestimated diastolic blood pressure by 2.4 mmHg (P=0.005, SD=4.5 mmHg) and there was a trend towards overestimation of systolic blood pressure as well (1.3 mmHg, P=0.09, SD=4.4 mmHg). A positive correlation was found between arterial stiffness, as assessed by augmentation index and pulse pressure, and the diastolic blood pressure difference between the device and the @entity349 sphygmomanometer (r=0.54, P=0.003; and r=0.65, P=0.001, respectively). Diastolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with the diastolic blood pressure difference (r=-0.49, P=0.003). No significant relationship was found between the systolic blood pressure difference and augmentation index, pulse pressure or systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: The Microlife 3AC1-1PC was shown to accurately measure blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity454 . As arterial stiffness increased and diastolic blood pressure fell, diastolic blood pressure was increasingly overestimated.

title: Validation of an oscillometric home blood pressure monitor in an XXXX population and the effect of arterial stiffness on its accuracy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of @entity1931 ( @entity1931 ) on the lower extremity (LE) movement and function in @entity1 with @entity64 . DESIGN: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 (N=34) at least 3 months after @entity64 were randomly assigned into the experimental and the control groups. INTERVENTIONS: In addition to regular rehabilitation, the experimental group received a 30-minute noxious @entity1931 protocol ( @entity158 2-3  C) 3days/wk for 8 weeks, and the control group received a 30-minute innocuous @entity1931 protocol (heat 40-41  C/cold 23-24  C) 3d/wk for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Low Extremity subscale of the @entity64 Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (LE-STREAM), the Mobility subscale of STREAM ( @entity25476 -STREAM), the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), the Barthel Index (BI), the Postural Assessment Scale for @entity64 @entity1 (PASS), and the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) were administered by a blinded rater at baseline, posttreatment (8wk), and follow-up (12wk). RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 completed the study protocol and all outcome measurements. No preexisting group differences between the experimental group (n=11) and the control group (n=12) were found on demographic and clinical variables. Compared with baseline, the experimental group showed significant improvements at posttreatment and follow-up on the LE-STREAM, @entity25476 -STREAM, FAC, and BI (P<.05) while the control group showed no significant improvements for all outcome measures. As for the between-group comparison, significant differences were seen at follow-up (12wk) on the LE-STREAM, @entity25476 -STREAM, BI, and MAS. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that an 8-week program of noxious @entity1931 combined with a traditional @entity64 rehabilitation program can improve the LE-related movement and function in @entity1 with @entity64 for more than 3 months.

title: Effects of noxious versus innocuous XXXX on lower extremity motor recovery 3 months after @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['thermal stimulation', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['heat pain 46-47  C/cold pain']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['thermal stimulation']


abstract: The threat of @entity1031 events after total knee arthroplasty has been substantially reduced during the past decade. Currently, the risk of @entity1151 is approximately 0.1%. This is due to a confluence of changes in our medical practices, including early mobilization, less traumatic surgery, increased use of regional anesthesia, pneumatic compression devices, and chemoprophylactic agents. Because many chemoprophylactic agents are associated with an increased risk of @entity548 , we have chosen @entity117 as our preferred method of chemoprophylaxis. This study seeks to determine if @entity117 is as effective as newer chemoprophylactic agents as judged by the prevalence of fatal or nonfatal @entity358 , readmission for @entity1150 , and risk of @entity548 . @entity117 was the principle chemoprophylactic agent for 3473 consecutive @entity1 having total knee arthroplasty. All @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 6 weeks. There were nine @entity204 : two from @entity1151 , five @entity299 , one @entity64 , and one fat @entity887 . Three cardiac-related @entity204 occurred in @entity1 for whom @entity1151 could not definitively be ruled out. Therefore, the best case and worst case scenarios for @entity1151 were 0.06% and 0.14%, respectively. Thirteen @entity1 underwent reoperation for @entity1410 (0.4%). Therefore, we have demonstrated @entity117 combined with early mobilization, regional anesthesia, foot pumps, and improved surgical techniques is safer than and equally efficacious as other chemoprophylaxis agents.

title: The benefit of @entity117 chemoprophylaxis for XXXX after total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['fatal pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: CONTEXT: A discrepancy between serum GH and @entity442 concentrations is frequent in @entity1 with @entity2012 . Here, we examined whether the exon 3-deleted (d3) @entity9045 ( @entity9045 ) variant, which has been linked to increased responsiveness to GH treatment in short @entity1 , influences the GH/ @entity442 relationship in @entity1 with @entity2012 . OBJECTIVE: To study the possible influence of the @entity9045 genotype on the GH/ @entity442 relationship in untreated acromegalic @entity1 . DESIGN: @entity9045 genotype analysis with retrospective clinical and biochemical data collection performed in a single third-reference medical center. @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical data were obtained from the medical records of 105 acromegalic @entity1 who had GH and @entity442 assays in the same laboratory and who were genotyped for the full-length (fl) or d3- @entity9045 alleles. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity9045 genotypes was 51% fl/fl, 30% fl/d3, and 19% d3/d3. @entity1 with d3/d3 genotype were younger than the @entity1 in the other two groups (P<0.05). Baseline GH and @entity442 concentrations did not differ among the three groups. The linear correlation between GH and @entity442 concentrations was similar in the three genotypic groups. CONCLUSIONS: The exon 3 @entity9045 genotype does not affect the GH/ @entity442 relationship in untreated acromegalic @entity1 with high circulating GH and @entity442 levels.

title: D3 XXXX polymorphism is not associated with @entity442 levels in untreated @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

answer: @entity9045 :: (2690,Gene) :: ['GH receptor']


abstract: @entity1944 is a prerequisite criterion for the diagnosis of @entity355 and the sole columnar esophageal lining associated with @entity5 . It is recognized by the presence of goblet cells, but columnar non-goblet elements, producing gastric or intestinal proteins, are the prevalent cell population. The cellular heterogeneity of @entity355 is well documented but the relationship between the distinct cell subtypes and @entity5 is unclear. Our aim was to clarify the relationship between the different metaplastic populations and @entity5 in order to investigate putative markers for risk stratification of Barrett's @entity1 . We studied 46 columnar-lined esophageal segments, 15 with associated @entity420 . The presence of the gastric, @entity5089 and @entity21826 , and the intestinal, @entity5091 , proteins was evaluated in metaplastic (columnar and goblet) and neoplastic cells. In @entity5 @entity5089 and @entity21826 were detected in 100% and 86.6% of the cases, respectively. In @entity4648 there were no differences in @entity5089 and @entity21826 immunoreactivity, between cases with and without associated @entity5 , except for goblet elements producing @entity21826 that were exclusive of @entity4648 adjacent to @entity420 (P < 0.05). @entity5091 was present in 86.6% of the @entity5 . In @entity4648 it was restricted to Barrett's cases and was more frequent in areas with intestinal @entity4648 . @entity418 without intestinal @entity4648 did not express @entity5091 . Our study suggests a relationship between the metaplastic population with gastric phenotype and @entity5 , and points to the involvement of columnar as well as goblet elements in tumorigenesis. The association between goblet cells aberrantly producing @entity21826 and the presence of @entity5 suggests they may be useful for risk stratification.

title: Gastric and intestinal differentiation in XXXX and associated @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's metaplasia"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Columnar-lined esophagus']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's metaplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of the cerebrospinal fluid examination in the evaluation of hospitalized; elderly @entity1 with @entity933 and @entity221 . DESIGN: A retrospective case series of consecutive events during a 15-month period. SETTING: Tertiary care center. @entity1 : Elderly @entity1 admitted to the University of Cincinnati (Ohio) Hospital between July 1, 1988, and October 1, 1989, who had a lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid evaluation to evaluate @entity221 and mental status changes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary intracranial causes and the clinical characteristics of @entity933 and @entity221 . RESULTS: Eighty-one hospital admissions were reviewed. Fifty-seven (70%) of the lumbar punctures were performed as part of the admitting workup, and the remaining 24 (30%) were performed during the hospitalization. Eighty of the 81 cerebrospinal fluid cultures were negative for bacterial growth. The primary origins for @entity221 and @entity933 included @entity293 (25%), @entity55 (22%), viral causes (17%), and metabolic causes/ @entity2700 (14%). One case of @entity4008 was diagnosed in an alcoholic, 73-year-old @entity1 who was unresponsive in the emergency department. One case of presumed @entity5827 was diagnosed in a 65-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity221 and @entity10 and a blood pressure of 230/100 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Most hospitalized, older @entity1 with @entity221 and @entity933 have primary causes of the @entity911 outside the central nervous system and may not require a routine evaluation of their cerebrospinal fluid.

title: The effectiveness of lumbar puncture in the evaluation of XXXX and @entity221 in the hospitalized elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: It is now well established that progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by oscillations in the activity of cyclin- dependent kinases (CDKs). In many cases, however, the physiological substrate(s) of CDKs are unknown. The @entity375 @entity28324 gene encodes a secreted acid phosphatase which is induced in response to @entity1391 starvation. The @entity28324 gene is activated by the @entity28327 transcription factor, which itself is negatively regulated through phosphorylation by the products of @entity31818 and @entity45036 . @entity31818 and @entity45036 are homologous to cyclins and CDKs, respectively, and the @entity31818 / @entity45036 heterodimer satisfies the biochemical definition of a cyclin/CDK. In the present study, several reporter genes were expressed in @entity375 from promoters which are activated by the transcription factor @entity28327 , thereby generating @entity375 strains which exhibit quantifiable phenotypes that reflect the activity of a specific cyclin/CDK. Positive genetic selections for inhibition of cyclin/CDK function were characterized using the @entity526 neo and @entity375 @entity8350 genes. Chromosomal disruptions of the @entity375 @entity31818 and @entity45036 genes were constructed and conditions for complementation by plasmid-borne genes were defined. Complementation is achieved at very low levels of expression of both @entity31818 and @entity45036 . High-level expression of @entity31818 results in aberrant @entity28324 promoter regulation, characterized by failure to derepress in low- @entity1391 medium. Genes encoding hybrid CDKs in which regions of @entity45036 were replaced with the homologous region of @entity1 @entity15308 were constructed, and tested for function in @entity375 by complementation of the @entity45036 chromosomal gene disruption. Hybrid proteins in which more than two-thirds of the molecule were derived from @entity1 @entity15308 retained @entity45036 function with respect to high- @entity1391 repression of the @entity28324 promoter. The hybrid proteins require the @entity31818 gene product for this function. A hybrid @entity1 - @entity375 CDK in which a single @entity535 is deleted, within a nonapeptide sequence which is perfectly conserved in @entity45036 and @entity1 @entity15308 , retains full function. These results demonstrate that, within the context of the conserved structure of CDKs, considerable primary sequence variability can be introduced without loss of the cyclin-dependent function of the CDK.

title: Function of hybrid XXXX - @entity375 cyclin-dependent kinases in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the long-term success of non-drug therapies for treating @entity303 , especially whether the effects are sustained after therapy ends. Here, we examined the effects of a one-year multimodal therapy 10 months after @entity1 completed the therapy. METHODS: This randomised, controlled, single-blind, longitudinal trial involved 61 @entity1 (catamnesis: n   =   52) with @entity195 in five nursing homes in Bavaria, Germany. The highly standardised intervention, MAKS, consisted of motor stimulation, practice of activities of daily living (ADLs), and cognitive stimulation. Each group of 10 @entity1 was treated for 2 h, 6 days a week for 12 months. Control @entity1 received standard nursing home care. At baseline, at the end of therapy (month 12), and 10 months thereafter (month 22), cognitive functioning was assessed using the cognitive subscale of the @entity195 Assessment Scale, and the ability to perform ADLs was assessed using the Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living. RESULTS: During the therapy phase, the MAKS @entity1 maintained their cognitive function and ability to carry out ADLs. After the end of therapy, both the control and the MAKS groups deteriorated in both their cognitive function (control, p   =   0.02; MAKS, p   <   0.001) and their ability to carry out ADLs (control, p   <   0.001; MAKS, p   =   0.001). However, in a confound-adjusted multiple regression model, the ability of the MAKS group to perform ADLs remained significantly higher than that of the control group even 10 months after the end of therapy (H0: bMAKS   +   bMAKS month 22   =   0;   2   =   3.8568, p   =   0.0496). Cohen's d for the difference between the two groups in ADLs and cognitive abilities 10 months after the end of therapy was 0.40 and 0.22, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A multimodal non-drug therapy of @entity303 resulted in stabilisation of the ability to perform ADLs, even beyond the end of therapy. To prevent functional decline for as long as possible, therapy should be performed continuously until the benefit for the @entity1 ends. Follow-up studies on larger numbers of @entity1 are needed to definitively confirm these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.isrctn.com Identifier: ISRCTN87391496.

title: Are the effects of a non-drug multimodal activation therapy of XXXX sustainable? Follow-up study 10 months after completion of a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['primary degenerative dementia', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Since purebred @entity235 populations represent closed gene pools, a relatively high level of consanguinity between individuals, and hence of inbreeding, is common. This case control study was conducted to establish the possible connection between the actual level of homozygosity due to inbreeding and specific diseases ( @entity566 , @entity6995 , @entity912 , @entity5 , @entity792 , hypoplastic @entity825 , and @entity5419 ) occurring in the Bouvier Belge des Flandres breed. One hundred and sixty-eight animals referred to the Utrecht University Clinic formed the @entity1 group. Each of the seven diseases was chosen because of the demonstrability of the diagnosis. Each animal was chosen because one of the selected diseases was established in that individual, and because its pedigree was complete. All @entity235 of the @entity1 group were born between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1985. A control group (n = 123) was randomly chosen from the total population of registered Bouviers born in the Netherlands in the same period. pedigree data were obtained from the Dutch Kennel Club. The extent of inbreeding was determined for all animals using Wright's inbreeding coefficient. The distribution of inbreeding coefficients in each @entity1 group was compared with the distribution in controls. Inbreeding coefficients in the control group ranged from 0.0 to 0.406. Animals in which @entity6995 , @entity5419 , @entity792 , @entity5 , or hypoplastic @entity825 was diagnosed had higher inbreeding coefficients than controls. It was concluded that in the Bouvier Belge des Flandres @entity235 population examined, the level of homozygosity was positively correlated with occurrence of these diseases.

title: The relationship between homozygosity and the occurrence of specific diseases in Bouvier Belge des Flandres XXXX in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondrosis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['flea allergy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal paralysis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship among @entity282 severity, serum @entity4545 level, and serum @entity1286 level in pediatric @entity1 after posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: University-based medical center. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 age 13-17 years admitted for posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation. INTERVENTIONS: Each subject was administered an initial dose of intravenous @entity1286 100 micrograms/kg, followed by a constant infusion of 50 micrograms/kg/hour. The primary physician was allowed to titrate the dosage as required to meet the @entity1 's requirement for analgesia. Whole blood was obtained for the analysis of serum @entity1286 and @entity4545 levels preoperatively, after the initial @entity1286 dose, 24 hours after initiation of the infusion, and before any change in dosage. At each blood sampling time, @entity158 severity ratings were obtained from the subject, nurse, and parent using a 10-point linear scale. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: No statistical difference between serum @entity4545 values preoperatively and after the initial dose of @entity1286 was observed; mean values were 68 and 60 pg/ml, respectively. The relationships between serum @entity4545 level and @entity158 scores were statistically significant only for self (subject) @entity158 scores (p = 0.014, r = 0.30). Mean serum @entity1286 level was 21.9 ng/ml for @entity1 with self @entity158 scores of 4 or less. CONCLUSION: The clinical usefulness of serum @entity4545 as a measure of @entity158 severity was not established under the experimental conditions of this study.

title: Relationship between @entity158 severity and serum @entity4545 levels in postoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Soluble and thylakoid membrane proteins of @entity7214 (JA)-treated and salt-stressed @entity2247 ( @entity2247 .) seedlings were investigated using 15% @entity3208 - @entity2975 slab gel electrophoresis. High JA concentrations induced marked quantitative and qualitative changes in polypeptide profiles concerning mainly the proteins with approximately equal mobility, as in @entity1219 -stressed plants. The most obvious increase in thylakoid polypeptide band intensity was at 55 to 57 kilodaltons (kD). The relative share of some polypeptides with apparent molecular masses above 66 kD and of polypeptides with lower molecular masses in the region of 20.5 to 15 kD was enhanced. At the same time, one new band at 31 to 31.5 kD was well expressed at 25 and 250 micromolar JA concentrations and became discernible in the 100 micromolar @entity1219 -treated plants. The intensity of some polypeptides of soluble proteins (molecular masses of 60, 47, 37, 30, and 23.4 kD) increased with increasing JA concentration, whereas the intensities of other polypeptide bands (55, 21.4, and 15 kD) decreased. Enhanced levels of 60-, 47-, 34-, and 30-kD polypeptides and reduced levels of 55- and 15-kD polypeptides were present in @entity1219 -treated plants. The appearance of one new polypeptide, of 25.1 kD, was observed only in @entity1219 -treated plants. At 100 millimolar @entity1219 , an eightfold increase in @entity1521 content was observed while at 250 micromolar JA, the @entity1521 content was threefold over the control. It is hypothesized that exogenously applied jasmonates act as stress agents. As such, they provoke alterations in the @entity1521 content and they can modulate typical stress responses by induction of stress proteins.

title: Changes in the polypeptide patterns of XXXX seedlings exposed to jasmonic Acid and salinity.

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Species') :: ['barley', 'Hordeum vulgare L']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: The effect of intravenously administered @entity1818 (0.5-1 g, mean 0.966 g) on the inducibility of sustained @entity1165 by programmed ventricular stimulation was tested in 15 @entity1 (12 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , mean age 57.2 +/- 16.6 years) with confirmed sustained @entity1165 . Eleven @entity1 had a previous @entity583 and two had @entity712 . The programmed ventricular stimulation (1-3 premature stimuli following after ventricular stimulation at a rate of 100/120 and 140/min. and a number of quick stimuli with a rising frequency from the apex of the right ventricle at an intensity equal to twice the diastolic threshold) was administered before and after @entity1818 administration. @entity1165 was induced during the controlled examination in all 15 @entity1 (100% sensitivity). Induced @entity1165 had a haemodynamically important course with a rapid onset of unconsciousness in three @entity1 whose index of risk of @entity1165 (ratio of its frequency and the ejection fraction at rest) was significantly higher than in the remaining 12 @entity1 (9.0 +/- 2.2 as compared with 4.9 +/- 1.2). @entity1818 prevented the induction of sustained @entity1165 in six @entity1 (group I), i. e. in 40%. In the remaining nine @entity1 (group II) @entity1165 induced after @entity1818 had a significantly lower frequency (192 +/- 34/min.), as compared with controls (214 +/- 42/min.), but its haemodynamic impact was not affected. @entity1 of group I had, as compared with group II, a significantly higher ejection fraction (47 +/- 14% as compared with 35 +/- 10%) and a significantly lower index of the risk of @entity591 (4.5 +/- 1.3 as compared with 6.5 +/- 2.4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The effect of @entity1818 on the inducibility of XXXX using programmed stimulation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'Sustained ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide', 'Procainamide']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate different rendering techniques of CT data for the assessment of long vessel segments in peripheral @entity432 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 40 CT angiograms (aortoiliac: n = 20, leg arteries: n = 20) were viewed using three different rendering techniques: 1, @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ); 2, @entity55082 , @entity11644 ( @entity11644 ). CT angiograms were obtained in 6 or 8 projections. Axial cross-section images were analysed using an interactive cine mode. Intraarterial DSA was the standard in all cases. RESULTS: The sensitivities for the diagnosis of @entity432 were 100% (cross-section images), 94% ( @entity1213 ), 91% (VR) and 93% ( @entity11644 ). The specificities were 100%, 99%, 99% and 99%, respectively. For the accurate grading of high-grade (> 75%) stenoses, the sensitivities were 85% (cross-section images), 62% ( @entity1213 ), 44% (VR) and 35% ( @entity11644 ). Specificity was 99% for all techniques. CONCLUSIONS: CTA is accurate in @entity432 . Interactive viewing of cross-section images is the most accurate technique. @entity1213 is superior to VR in the imaging of high-grade stenoses because contrast-to-noise ratio is high and thresholding is not necessary.

title: [CT angiography in XXXX : comparison of 3 rendering techniques].

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusive disease', 'occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['MIP', 'maximum intensity projection']

entities_list: @entity11644 :: ('MESH:C564120', 'Disease') :: ['SSD', 'shaded surface display']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusive disease']


abstract: To obtain peptides mimicking epitope of a protective McAb SSjl4 specific to @entity2042 and investigate their immuno-protection effects. A phage random 12 peptide library was screened using purified McAb SSj14, 33 clones were picked up for specificity identification by ELISA. The epitope of each positive clones were detected by the sequencing analysis technique. The antigenicity of three positive clones (P1, @entity14819 ) and their mixture cock-tail were further confirmed by Western-blotting, and their protective efficiency were evaluated by @entity19 vaccination experiment. IL-12 level between the vaccinated @entity19 and control @entity19 were compared. 30 positive phage clones were obtained, which represented 11 different epitopes respectively, there were a similar sequence "H-N/Q-X-S-P/F-X-X-L-A-T" among all of the epitopes. Western-blotting showed that all of the three tested clones were recognized by McAb SSj14. Significant adult worm reduction (13.84% to approximately 52.83%), liver tissue egg reduction (34.17% to approximately 65.47%) as well as fecal egg reduction (28.89% to approximately 73.78%) were observed in @entity19 vaccinated with phages of @entity29605 , @entity14819 and mixture of three clones when compared with those of the blank control group, among them, the @entity19 vaccinated with the mixture of phage clones got higher protection than any of the @entity19 injected with only one kind of clone phages. At the same time, the IL-12 level in serum of vaccinated @entity19 was found higher than those of the blank control one, this suggest that IL-12 may correlate with the protective efficiency induced by the clone phages. The study provides a new way for developing an effective vaccine against @entity2043 .

title: [Studies on phage displayed mimotopes of a protective monoclonal antibody (SSj14) against XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of transient @entity2670 shortly after @entity1416 for treatment of uterine fibroids, followed by @entity2670 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: A university-based hospital. @entity1 : A 49-year-old @entity1 with @entity931 and @entity417 secondary to uterine fibroids and refractory to medical management. The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level on cycle day 3 before the procedure was 8.2 mIU/mL. INTERVENTION(S): Bilateral uterine artery embolization for treatment of @entity931 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum FSH level. RESULT(S): The @entity1 developed @entity2588 and hot flashes 3 months after uterine artery embolization. Her serum FSH level at that time was 140.1 mIU/mL. Four months later, uterine bleeding resumed; her serum FSH level was 2.1 mIU/mL. CONCLUSION(S): Uterine artery embolization may hasten @entity2670 . This procedure should be reserved for @entity1 who have completed their @entity1 -bearing or are poor candidates for myomectomy. @entity1 should be counseled appropriately about the risk of possible @entity2670 .

title: XXXX : a complication of uterine artery embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure', 'recovery of ovarian function']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['Transient ovarian failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate left ventricular function by the Langendorff method after successful cardiac resuscitation in @entity35 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Adult, male @entity35 . INTERVENTIONS: Myocardial function was investigated in three subsets of isolated, perfused @entity35 hearts that were harvested either before inducing @entity2224 (controls) or at defined intervals after successful resuscitation from @entity2224 . @entity2224 was induced with an electrode catheter advanced into the right ventricle of 15 mature, mechanically ventilated @entity35 . After an interval of 4 mins of untreated @entity2224 and an additional 5 mins of precordial compression, spontaneous circulation was restored by a direct current, transthoracic countershock. The heart of each animal was then harvested at either 2 or 20 mins after successful cardiac resuscitation. The same model was utilized for harvesting the controls. Animals were randomized to each of the three subsets immediately before induction of @entity1167 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There was a progressive decrease in myocardial contractility of the isolated, perfused hearts. Mean left ventricular systolic pressure was 128 +/- 8 mm Hg in control animals. In hearts harvested at 2 mins after successful resuscitation, the maximal generated pressure was reduced to 106 +/- 9 mm Hg. When harvested at 20 mins after successful resuscitation, it was reduced to 81 +/- 11 mm Hg. There were corresponding decreases in the mean maximal rate of left ventricular pressure increase (dP/dtmax) from 2880 +/- 110 to 2470 +/- 120 mm Hg/sec at 2 mins and to 1810 +/- 135 mm Hg/sec at 20 mins. These decreases in contractility were associated with striking decreases in myocardial relaxation and compliance. CONCLUSION: These studies, therefore, document progressive systolic and diastolic @entity296 immediately after successful cardiac resuscitation with restoration of spontaneous circulation.

title: Progressive XXXX after cardiac resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial dysfunction']


abstract: For a detailed analysis of the profilin-actin interaction, we designed several point mutations in @entity291 @entity54637 by computer modeling. The recombinant proteins were analyzed in vitro for their actin-binding properties. Mutant proteins with a putatively higher affinity for actin were produced by attempting to introduce an additional bond to actin. However, these mutants displayed a lower affinity for actin than wild-type profilin, suggesting that additional putative bonds created this way cannot increase profilin's affinity for actin. In contrast, mutants designed to have a reduced affinity for actin by eliminating profilin-actin bonds displayed the desired properties in viscosity assays, while their binding sites for @entity19696 were still intact. The profilin mutant @entity54638 , with an affinity for actin reduced by one order of magnitude as compared to wild-type profilin, was analyzed further in cells. When microinjected into fibroblasts, @entity54638 colocalized with the endogenous profilin and actin in ruffling areas, suggesting that profilins are targeted to and tethered at these sites by ligands other than actin. Profilin null cells of Dictyostelium were transfected with @entity291 wild-type @entity54637 and @entity54638 . @entity291 @entity54637 , although expressed to only approximately 10% of the endogenous profilin level determined for wild-type Dictyostelium, caused a substantial rescue of the defects observed in profilin null amoebae, as seen by measuring the growth of colony surface areas and the percentage of polynucleated cells. The mutant protein was much less effective. These results emphasize the highly conserved biological function of profilins with low sequence homology, and correlate specifically their actin-binding capacity with cell motility and proliferation.

title: Effects of single amino acid substitutions in the actin-binding site on the biological activity of XXXX @entity54637 .

entities_list: @entity54638 :: ('p|SUB|F|59|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['F59A']

entities_list: @entity19696 :: ('MESH:C011083', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(L)proline']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: One of the uncertainties regarding the evolution of L1 elements is whether there are numerous progenitor genes. We present phylogenetic evidence from @entity18085 sequences of @entity15010 ( @entity15010 ) and galago ( @entity8637 ) that there were at least two distinct progenitors, active at the same time, in the ancestor of this family of prosimian primates. A maximum parsimony analysis that included representative L1s from @entity1 , @entity95 , and rodents, along with the prosimian sequences, revealed that one of the galago L1s (Gc11) grouped very strongly with the @entity15010 sequences. The remaining galago elements formed their own unique and strongly supported clade. An analysis of replacement and silent site changes for each link of the most parsimonious tree indicated that during the descent of the Gc11 sequence approximately two times more synonymous than nonsynonymous substitutions had occurred, implying that the Gc11 founder was functional for some time after the split of galago and @entity15010 . Strong purifying selection was also evident on the galago branch of the tree. These data indicate that there were two distinct and contemporaneous L1 progenitors in the lorisoid ancestor, evolving under purifying selection, that were retained as functional L1s in the galago lineage (and presumably also in the @entity15010 ). The prosimian @entity18085 sequences could be further subdivided into subfamilies. @entity18085 sequences from both the galago and @entity15010 have a premature termination codon near the 3' end, not shared by the other @entity1 sequences, that shortens the open reading frame by 288 bp. An analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions for the 5' and 3' portions, that included intra- and inter-subfamily comparisons, as well as comparisons among the other @entity1 sequences, suggested that this premature stop codon is a prosimian acquisition that has rendered the 3' portion of @entity18085 in these primates noncoding.

title: Multiple L1 progenitors in prosimian primates: phylogenetic evidence from XXXX sequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity15010 :: ('9470', 'Species') :: ['Nycticebus coucang', 'slow loris']

entities_list: @entity8637 :: ('9463', 'Species') :: ['Galago crassicaudatus']

answer: @entity18085 :: (55354,Gene) :: ['ORF1']


abstract: Cold exposure facilitates body @entity393 which can reduce body temperature, unless mitigated by enhanced heat conservation or increased heat production. When behavioral strategies inadequately defend body temperature, vasomotor and thermogenic responses are elicited, both of which are modulated if not mediated by sympathetic nervous activation. Both exercise and shivering increase metabolic heat production which helps offset body heat losses in the cold. However, exercise also increases peripheral blood flow, in turn facilitating @entity393 , an effect that can persist for some time after exercise ceases. Whether exercise alleviates or exacerbates heat debt during cold exposure depends on the heat transfer coefficient of the environment, mode of activity and exercise intensity. Prolonged exhaustive exercise leading to energy substrate depletion could compromise maintenance of thermal balance in the cold simply by precluding continuation of further exercise and the associated thermogenesis. @entity4053 impairs shivering, but this appears to be centrally mediated, rather than a limitation to peripheral energy metabolism. Research is equivocal regarding the importance of muscle glycogen depletion in explaining shivering impairments. Recent research suggests that when acute exercise leads to @entity1295 without depleting energy stores, vasoconstrictor responses to cold are impaired, thus body heat conservation becomes degraded. Fatigue that was induced by chronic overexertion sustained over many weeks, appeared to delay the onset of shivering until body temperature fell lower than when subjects were rested, as well as impair vasoconstrictor responses. When heavy physical activity is coupled with underfeeding for prolonged periods, the resulting negative energy balance leads to loss of body mass, and the corresponding reduction in tissue insulation, in turn, compromises thermal balance by facilitating conductive transfer of body heat from core to shell. The possibility that impairments in thermoregulatory responses to cold associated with exertional @entity1295 are mediated by blunted sympathetic nervous responsiveness to cold is suggested by some experimental observations and merits further study.

title: Exertion-induced XXXX and thermoregulation in the cold.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['heat loss']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: The @entity669 kinase inhibitors @entity4562 (Iressa) and @entity3866 (Tarceva) have shown anti- @entity5 activity in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Dramatic and durable responses have occurred in @entity1149 with mutations in the @entity669 kinase domain of the @entity12841 ( @entity12841 ). In contrast, these inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in @entity463 , where a distinct @entity12841 mutation, the variant III (vIII) in-frame deletion of exons 2-7, is commonly found. In this study, we determined that EGFRvIII mutation was present in 5% (3/56) of analyzed @entity1 @entity957 (SCC) but was not present in @entity1 @entity2220 (0/123). We analyzed the role of the EGFRvIII mutation in lung tumorigenesis and its response to @entity669 kinase inhibition. Tissue-specific expression of EGFRvIII in the @entity19 lung led to the development of @entity1149 . Most importantly, these @entity2 depend on EGFRvIII expression for maintenance. Treatment with an irreversible @entity12841 inhibitor, @entity36447 , dramatically reduced the size of these EGFRvIII-driven @entity19 @entity5 in 1 week. Similarly, @entity19 cells transformed with the EGFRvIII mutant were relatively resistant to @entity4562 and @entity3866 in vitro but proved sensitive to @entity36447 . These findings suggest a therapeutic strategy for @entity5 harboring the EGFRvIII mutation.

title: XXXX variant III mutations in lung tumorigenesis and sensitivity to @entity669 kinase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['lung squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity12841 :: (13649(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: The evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals is currently undergoing dramatic changes. For the past 25 years the regulatory expectation for agents intended for long term use has been that lifespan studies (usually lasting 2 years) in 2 rodent species be conducted. These studies take at least 3 years to plan, execute and interpret, and use over 1200 animals. It is now recognised that the quality of the information obtained from these studies is unreliable for prediction of carcinogenic risk to @entity1 . Over the past 4 years, the @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) has recommended changes in approaches to assessing the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals. In future, only one long term rodent study will be routinely required (usually in @entity35 ), provided this is complemented with a short or medium term test in one of the emerging new models for carcinogenicity, such as @entity19 or newborn @entity19 . However, the relevance of these new models to @entity1 @entity5 and their use in risk assessment is still largely unknown and this situation must be kept under review as knowledge accumulates. A long term study in a second rodent species is still an option. Dose selection has also been improved inasmuch as there are now several alternatives to the use of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In the past, the use of the MTD, when the normal homeostasis of the test animals is disturbed, has been considered one of the major problems with the rodent carcinogenicity bioassay. However, one of the alternative end-points to the use of the MTD, i.e. the comparison of plasma concentrations in rodents and @entity1 , must be viewed with caution. While this may contribute to limiting the high dose level for agents of very low @entity137 , the concept should not be interpreted as signifying that plasma concentrations provide a sound basis for comparing the carcinogenic activity of agents in different species. Recognition of the 4 properties (genotoxicity, immunosuppression, @entity134 hormonal activity and long term tissue damage), at least one of which is associated with each of the pharmaceuticals known to be carcinogenic to @entity1 , should focus more attention on a search for these properties in @entity1 . Absence of these properties at clinically relevant dose levels indicates that a pharmaceutical is highly unlikely to be carcinogenic to @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals. Opportunities arising from the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'International Conference on Harmonisation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity3538 :: (MESH:D002341,Disease) :: ['International Conference on Harmonisation']